gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Lens of Juche : Understanding the reality of North Korean policymakers (2003)

This article analyzes the motivations behind the North Korean regime's behavior through the lens of its official ideology, juche. By understanding the ideological, cultural and historical influences on the thinking and objectives of North Korean policymakers, this article hopes to provide a better framework for US policymakers when assessing and responding to the North Korean threat.
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesisof ω-Hydroxy Ketones from Lactones (2008)

An efficient and convenient one-pot strategy was developed for the synthesis of 1-hydroxydodecan-6-one, an important precursor for total synthesis of sphingofungin F. A series of omega-hydroxy ketones were prepared from readily available lactones using this one-pot reaction.
Combining Resistivity and Capture Sigma Logs for Formation Evaluation in Unknown Water Salinity--A Case Study in a Mature Carbonate Field (2011)

Summary Formation evaluation in unknown water salinity can be performed by solving simultaneously for Sw and Rw from the logs of resistivity and sigma. This has not been used extensively in the past because the logs are often acquired on wireline at various times, leading to unknown invasion effects that complicate the integration of the deep-reading resistivity and the shallow-reading sigma logs. We will show that when the two measurements are free from invasion effect and other interpretation parameters (such as porosity and Archie m and n) are reasonably known, the technique works well and gives reliable Sw and Rw answers. Both numerical and graphical solutions are presented. The numerical technique uses a minimization routine to solve for a salinity value that is consistent with Sw calculated from resistivity and from sigma. The salient point of the paper is the graphical technique that provides better insights into petrophysics than a set of equations. It uses an overlay of equisaturation and equisalinity lines superimposed on the crossplot of sigma vs. resistivity data. The overlay dynamically changes as porosity, lithology, hydrocarbon type, temperature, and other parameters vary with depth. The graphical technique has several applications. For the interpretation, it is used to estimate Sw and salinity, and to identify zones of changing properties. For quality control, it is used to validate the input data. For processing, it is used to select parameters and analyze their sensitivities to the results. For job planning, it is used to validate (or invalidate) the application from input values of resistivity and sigma. The graphical technique provides a valuable aid to the petrophysicist and gives an independent verification of the numerical solution. The proposed technique is illustrated with wireline induction and sigma logs acquired in several wells in a mature Middle East carbonate field. The studied wells are completed in open hole and are flowed during logging to ensure that both resistivity and sigma logs are free from invasion effect. The results of the resistivity/sigma technique compare very favorably with those of carbon/oxygen (C/O) logging. Moreover, production-logging data confirmed the results and showed that the resistivity/sigma technique provides more-robust answers than C/O in low-porosity formations (below 15 p.u.).
Design of an experimental system for dual energy X-ray CT (2003)

We present the design of a dual energy (DE) X-ray computed tomography (CT) test bench. It employs amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) imaging arrays and helical cone-beam geometry. Our goals are to evaluate: (1) the applicability of a-Si:H imaging arrays for tomography; (2) how our previously published dual energy penalized weighted least squares (DE PWLS) reconstruction method performs on experimentally acquired data; and (3) the optimal imaging geometry. This will allow us to design a setting that can be used clinically for attenuation correction for emission tomography, various quantitative computed tomography (QCT) applications, and removal of metal streak artifacts.
Effect of indole-3-acetic acid (plant auxin) on the preservation at 15 °C of boar semen for artificial insemination (1996)

In order to extend the duration of boar sperm survival at 15 degrees C for artificial insemination, we tested the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which appeared to be the main sperm protective substance present in the Coco nucifera endosperm (coconut water). Two IAA concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) in Beltsville extender (BTS) were studied for their in vitro effects. The motility, the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the acrosome morphology of sperm were recorded each day over 13 days of storage at 15 degrees C, after 5 min and 3 h of incubation at 39 degrees C. The IAA effect on sperm preservation was also studied in vivo at a concentration of 10 ng/mL in BTS by inseminating groups of females twice at 24 h intervals either at D0 (day of sperm collection) and D1 (D0/1) or at D5 and D6 (D5/6). At D0/1, the two groups of females (control and IAA) were inseminated with a total of 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa (3.15 x 10(9) at D0 and the same dose at D1) whereas at D5/6, on IAA group was inseminated with a total of 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa and another one with 12.6 x 10(9) spermatozoa. The animals in the D5/6 control group were inseminated each with a total of 12.6 x 10(9) spermatozoa. For each group of females (n = 106-140), fertility rate (% farrowing) and prolificacy rate (litter size) were recorded. No effect of IAA in vitro on the motility rate and on the percentage of motile spermatozoa was observed over a 13 day storage. However, IAA (10 ng/mL) had a significant positive effect on the percentage of living spermatozoa with intact acrosomes after 13 days (66 vs 54%, P < 0.05). The fertility and prolificacy rates after 5-6 days of sperm preservation in BTS extender alone did not differ significantly between D5/6 and D0/1 but the total number of inseminated spermatozoa was 12.6 x 10(9) at D5/6 instead of 6.3 x 10(9) at D0/1. When the spermatozoa were stored in the presence of 10 ng/mL IAA for 5-6 days at 15 degrees C, the fertility and prolificacy of the females inseminated with only 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa were identical to those of the females inseminated with an equal number of spermatozoa at D0/1 in the presence or absence of IAA.
Low-power autozeroed high-speed comparator for the readout chain of a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor based vertex detector (2003)

Future high energy physics experiments will require the development of a linear collider in the TeV region such as TESLA. Because of physics requirements it will be necessary to make precision vertex measurements. This makes a high-resolution vertex detector an essential part of the detecting system. One of the possibilities is to develop a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) based detector. A planned prototype chip for the TESLA developments would include an array of identical pixels with their addressing circuits, signal processing within the chip, data sparsification, and analogue to digital conversion. For this purpose we have developed a column-based, low power, fully offset compensated multistage comparator (discriminator) to read out the active pixels. For one of the versions implemented, a resolution better than 1 mV was obtained at operating speeds higher than 10 MHz. The power dissipation is of the order of 200 /spl mu/W. A test chip was designed on a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process from AMI Semiconductor. As the pixel pitch is only 28 /spl mu/m, the dimensions of the comparator are 300 /spl mu/m/spl times/28 /spl mu/m. This design is compatible with the clocking scheme of the pixel array.
The sandwich wire antenna: A new type of microwave line source radiator (2005)

Two new types of microwave antennas have been invented. The first consists of an undulating conductor surrounded by straight conductors at ground potential. When the period of undulation is a wavelength long, transversely-polarized broadside radiation is obtained. Various modifications of this basic configuration result in two-dimensional pencil beam arrays, in line sources for secondary reflectors and lenses, and in antennas suitable for printed circuit techniques. The second type of antenna is a cylindrical structure which has a nondirectional azimuthal pattern. It consists of a central helical conductor surrounded by a coaxial metallic cylinder in which longitudinal or transverse slots, also helically disposed, are cut. Its elevation pattern is narrow and depends upon the length of the array. Distributive methods of matching these traveling wave arrays for broadside radiation and means of controlling the radiation intensity are described. Possible fields of application are in radar, communications and television.
Moving forwards or paying back? The unpaid work element of the community order (2010)

Abstract The sight of increasing numbers of offenders performing compulsory work at a time of significantly rising unemployment makes for a disturbing view. However, this vision is becoming more likely thanks to the plan to double the amount of unpaid work annually performed by offenders to 10 million hours by 2011 (Home Office, 2006). It is also intended that this vision is witnessed because the millions of hours have to meet the requirements of the Visible Unpaid Work Strategy, otherwise known as ‘Community Payback’. As a result, the work that offenders undertake must be visible to the community and the display of the right kind of images is paramount. This method of administering the sanction has replaced an evidence based approach that sought to prioritise elements of good practice that were known to be effective in reducing re-offending. The fact that this widely used form of sentencing subordinated detailed research findings to the demand for visibility reinforces the case for the development of a Visual Criminology as recently expounded in Criminal Justice Matters (Issue 78).
Building for Disasters (1997)

The dry pipe system, despite its apparent safety can cause floods of rusty water if the system is not installed properly and well-maintained. Recent experiences in storage areas have shown that residual water lying in the pipes from routine tests will corrode through the pipes in less than ten years, if the pipework cannot be fully drained back due to incorrect installation. arson, electrical, workshop equipment and building repairs and renovations.
Search for Majorana Neutrinos Near the Inverted Mass Hierarchy Region with KamLAND-Zen (2016)

We present an improved search for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of ^{136}Xe in the KamLAND-Zen experiment. Owing to purification of the xenon-loaded liquid scintillator, we achieved a significant reduction of the ^{110m}Ag contaminant identified in previous searches. Combining the results from the first and second phase, we obtain a lower limit for the 0νββ decay half-life of T_{1/2}^{0ν}>1.07×10^{26} yr at 90% C.L., an almost sixfold improvement over previous limits. Using commonly adopted nuclear matrix element calculations, the corresponding upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass are in the range 61-165 meV. For the most optimistic nuclear matrix elements, this limit reaches the bottom of the quasidegenerate neutrino mass region.
The Generation for Television of Horizontal Synchronizing Pulses from Vertical Pulses by Means of Impulse Excitation (1940)

Impulse excitation is employed to produce horizontal synchronizing pulses for television directly from the vertical pulses. The simple equipment to do this and to produce odd-line interlaced synchronizing are described.
Effects of vitamin D and paricalcitol on murine cardiomyocytes (2012)

Severe alterations of Cacium-Phospate metabolism are frequently associated with chronic kidney diseases. High levels of Phospate and low levels of vitamin D in subjects affected by chronic kidney disease are, in many cases, correlated with high risk of mortality. For this reason, administration of vitamin D represents the elective treatment. Nevertheless, vitamin D in itself induces a variety of side effects which in many cases can be avoided by the administration of vitamin D analogues. In this study we treated murine cardiomyocytes with different concentrations of vitamin D and paricalcitol (one of its analogues) for 48 hours. Cell morphology, cell proliferation, intracellular Calcium deposition, and cAMP level were investigated respectively by light microscopy, immunoenzymatic assay and Von Kossa staining. Results show that, in comparison to paricalcitol, vitamin D induces stronger side effects on cardiomyocytes (such as cell proliferation, morphological changes, activation of signal transduction pathways). From our data emerges that paricalcitol induces less stressful effects on murine cardiomyocytes in comparison to what observed with vitamin D treatment.
Trajectory Learning for Activity Understanding: Unsupervised, Multilevel, and Long-Term Adaptive Approach (2011)

Society is rapidly accepting the use of video cameras in many new and varied locations, but effective methods to utilize and manage the massive resulting amounts of visual data are only slowly developing. This paper presents a framework for live video analysis in which the behaviors of surveillance subjects are described using a vocabulary learned from recurrent motion patterns, for real-time characterization and prediction of future activities, as well as the detection of abnormalities. The repetitive nature of object trajectories is utilized to automatically build activity models in a 3-stage hierarchical learning process. Interesting nodes are learned through Gaussian mixture modeling, connecting routes formed through trajectory clustering, and spatio-temporal dynamics of activities probabilistically encoded using hidden Markov models. Activity models are adapted to small temporal variations in an online fashion using maximum likelihood regression and new behaviors are discovered from a periodic retraining for long-term monitoring. Extensive evaluation on various data sets, typically missing from other work, demonstrates the efficacy and generality of the proposed framework for surveillance-based activity analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to N‐Substituted 11‐Azaartemisinins. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel technique for the <i>in situ</i> calibration and measurement of friction with the atomic force microscope (2005)

Presented here is a novel technique for the in situ calibration and measurement of friction with the atomic force microscope that can be applied simultaneously with the normal force measurement. The method exploits the fact that the cantilever sits at an angle of about 10° to the horizontal, which causes the tip (or probe) to slide horizontally over the substrate as a normal force run is performed. This sliding gives rise to an axial friction force (in the axial direction of the cantilever), which is measured through the difference in the constant compliance slopes of the inward and outward traces. Traditionally, friction is measured through lateral scanning of the substrate, which is time consuming, and requires an ex situ calibration of both the torsional spring constant and the lateral sensitivity of the photodiode detector. The present method requires no calibration other than the normal spring constant and the vertical sensitivity of the detector, which is routinely done in the force analysis. The present protocol can also be applied to preexisting force curves, and, in addition, it provides the means to correct force data for cantilevers with large probes.
Silicon Wafer Integrated Fan-out Technology (2015)

The tremendous growth in the mobile handset, tablet, and networking markets has been fueled by consumer demand for increased mobility, functionality, and ease of use. This, in turn, has been driving an increase in functional convergence and 3D integration of IC devices, resulting in the need for more complex and sophisticated packaging techniques. A variety of advanced IC interconnect technologies are addressing this growing need. These include Thru Silicon Via (TSV), Chip-on Chip (CoC), and Package-on-Package (PoP) approaches. In particular, emerging Wafer Level Fan-Out (WLFO) technology provides unique and innovative extensions into the 3D packaging realm. Traditional WLFO technologies are limited in design rules and 3D integration capabilities due to the processes and equipment used for circuit patterning. For more aggressive designs, TSV processes must be incorporated, which often times exceed the cost budget and design requirements needed for the device. Consequently, a gap exists between the design capabilities of WLFO and TSV that needs to be addressed. A new, innovative fan-out structure called Silicon Wafer Integrated Fan-out Technology (SWIFT™) incorporates conventional WLFO processes with leading-edge thin film patterning techniques to bridge the gap between TSV and traditional WLFO packages. The SWIFT package technology is designed to provide increased I/O and circuit density within a reduced footprint and profile for single & multi-die applications. The improved design capability of the technology is due, in part, to the fine feature capabilities associated with this new, innovative wafer level packaging technique. This can allow much more aggressive design rules to be applied compared to competing WLFO and laminate-based technologies. In addition, the unique characteristics of the SWIFT process enables the creation of innovative 3D structures that address the need for IC integration in emerging mobile and networking applications. This paper will review the development of the SWIFT technology and its extension into unique 3D structures. In addition, the advantages of SWIFT designs will be reviewed in comparison to current competing packaging technologies. Process information, material characterization, and design simulation data will be presented to show how the SWIFT process is poised to provide robust, reliable, and low cost 3D packaging solutions for advanced mobile and networking products.
Changes in Urinary Nitrate and Nitrite during Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (1996)

The urinary excretion rates of nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) were monitored in 14 patients with active ulcerative colitis during treatment using hydrocortisone and sulfasalazine. During the active phase of the disease, the NO3 excretion was significantly higher in the patients than in healthy controls (n = 6, p < 0.05), although it varied considerably among the patients. During the healing phase, the NO3 excretion decreased concurrently with improvement of symptoms and colorectal ulceration, but the NO2 excretion increased. During the inactive phase of the disease, the NO3 and NO2 excretions were significantly lower than during the active phase, and the NO2/NO3 ratio resembled that in the healthy controls. In contrast, a patient who failed to respond to treatment showed continuously high NO3 and NO2 excretion rates. These results indicate that urinary NO3 and NO2 excretions vary with the disease state in ulcerative colitis.
Biogenic amines in human brain in normal aging, senile dementia, and chronic alcoholism. (1980)

Postmortem examination of various brain regions of cases without known brain pathology showed an age-related decrease in the levels of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system, of norepinephrine in the hippocampus, and of 5-HT in the gyrus cinguli but an increase of 5-HT in the medulla oblongata and of MAO B in several brain regions.
Novel Fabrication Of Electroplated 3D Micro-Coils Using 3D Photolithography Of Thick Photoresist (1998)

We have developed a novel and high-yield process to fabricate electroplated 3D micro-coils. In our novel concept as shown in Figure 1, we decompose the 3D micro-coil, which is solenoid-type integrated inductor in other words, into two parts, the bottom conductor lines and the air bridges, and form the single-body air bridges during only one electroplating step. This does not mean the air bridges are made by the conventional way, which stacks layers of posts (or vias) and upper conductor lines vertically, and hence is a complex and low-yield process.
Controllable N-Doping of Graphene (2010)

Opening and tuning an energy gap in graphene are central to many electronic applications of graphene. Here we report N-doped graphene obtained by NH3 annealing after N(+)-ion irradiation of graphene samples. First, the evolution of the graphene microstructure was investigated following N(+)-ion irradiation at different fluences using Raman spectroscopy, showing that defects were introduced in plane after irradiation and then restored after annealing in N2 or in NH3. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) of the graphene annealed in NH3 after irradiation showed N signal, however, no N signal was observed after annealing in N2. Last, the field-effect transistor (FET) was fabricated using N-doped graphene and monitored by the source-drain conductance and back-gate voltage (Gsd-Vg) curves in the measurement. The transport property changed compared to that of the FET made by intrinsic graphene, that is, the Dirac point position moved from positive Vg to negative Vg, indicating the transition of graphene from p-type to n-type after annealing in NH3. Our approach, which provides a physical mechanism for the introduction of defect and subsequent hetero dopant atoms into the graphene material in a controllable fashion, will be promising for producing graphene-based devices for multiple applications.
SHORT NOTICES (1969)

SHORT NOTICES Get access A. H. M. JONES A. H. M. JONES Jesus CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXIV, Issue CCCXXX, January 1969, Pages 138–139, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXIV.CCCXXX.138 Published: 01 January 1969
Renal concentrating defect in mice lacking group IV cytosolic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Eicosanoids regulate various cellular functions that are important in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Arachidonic acid is released from membranes by phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity. Activated macrophages derived from mice lacking the 85-kDa group IV cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)) have a markedly reduced release of prostaglandin E(2) and leukotrienes B(4) and C(4). Under basal conditions and after furosemide, urinary prostaglandin E(2) excretion is reduced in cPLA(2)-knockout (cPLA(2)(-/-)) mice. Serum creatinine, Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) concentrations, glomerular filtration rate, and fractional excretion of Na(+) and K(+) are not different in cPLA(2)(-/-) and cPLA(2)(+/+) mice. Maximal urinary concentration is lower in 48-h water-deprived cPLA(2)(-/-) mice compared with cPLA(2)(+/+) animals (1,934 +/- 324 vs. 3,541 +/- 251 mmol/kgH(2)O). Plasma osmolality is higher (337 +/- 5 vs. 319 +/- 3 mmol/kgH(2)O) in cPLA(2)(-/-) mice that lose a greater percentage of their body weight (20 +/- 2 vs. 13 +/- 1%) compared with cPLA(2)(+/+) mice after water deprivation. Vasopressin does not correct the concentrating defect. There is progressive reduction in urinary osmolality with age in cPLA(2)(-/-) mice. Membrane-associated aquaporin-1 (AQP1) expression, identified by immunocytochemical techniques, is reduced markedly in proximal tubules of older cPLA(2)(-/-) animals but is normal in thin descending limbs. However, Western blot analysis of kidney cortical samples revealed an equivalent AQP1 signal intensity in cPLA(2)(+/+) and cPLA(2)(-/-) animals. Young cPLA(2)(-/-) mice have normal proximal tubule AQP1 staining. Collecting duct AQP2, -3, and -4 were normally expressed in the cPLA(2)(-/-) mice. Thus mice lacking cPLA(2) develop an age-related defect in renal concentration that may be related to abnormal trafficking and/or folding of AQP1 in the proximal tubule, implicating cPLA(2) in these processes.