gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical microanalysis with cavity-enhanced optical waveguide devices (2011)

Three examples of cavity-enhanced measurements of refractive index and optical absorption are discussed. Using microphotonic silicon-on-insulator ring-resonators we determine the concentration of cyclohexane and m-xylene at detection levels of 300-3000 ppm. The gases are first absorbed into a siloxane polymer and its refractive index change is detected by a characteristic wavelength shift of the cavity resonance. In a second device phase-shift cavity ring-down spectroscopy is applied to simultaneously measure the optical absorption at two wavelengths of either a dye, nucleic acids or a pharmaceutical component. Multiplexing the ring-down measurement permits dual wavelength absorption spectroscopy without the use of a dispersion element. Finally, a combination of resonance wavelength measurements and cavity ring-down spectroscopy is used to simultaneously determine the change in refractive index and the absorption induced by adsorption of ethylene diamine on a 300 μm silica sphere. A whispering gallery mode of the microsphere resonator is excited with intensity modulated light and the intensity and AM modulation phase of the Rayleigh backscattered light is measured. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
Improvement on the Technologic Process of Synthesis of 2-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid (2001)

The synthetic reaction of 2 pyridinecarboxylic acid through 2 methyl pyridine and potassium permangate was studied in water benzene system.The reaction conditions such as catalyst,mole ratios of reactants,ratio of water benzene and reaction time were discussed.
Divergence Based Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for top-N Recommendations (2019)

Personalized top-N recommendation algorithms are among the most effective techniques providing customized suggestions in information retrieval applications. Most of the current methods construct personalized recommendations based on various loss functions such as pairwise ranking loss and point-wise recovery loss. In this paper, we propose a personalized top-N recommendation method based on non-negative matrix factorization with divergence as a point-wise ranking loss function. Our method finds the latent factors from the existing data to improve recommendation predictions. We formulate the learning problem with regularized divergence as a constrained non-convex minimization problem and develop a projected gradient descent optimization algorithm to solve the divergence problem. We evaluate our approach using six personal recommendation task related datasets by employing root mean squared error (RMSE) and hit rate (HR). Our experimental results demonstrate improved RMSE and HR for most of the datasets.
Clevidipine: A Short‐Acting Intravenous Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker for the Management of Hypertension (2010)

Drugs used to acutely lower blood pressure have specific indications and precautions for use. Clevidipine is a third-generation parenteral dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that received United States Food and Drug Administration approval in August 2008 for blood pressure reduction when oral therapy is not feasible or desirable. Formulated as an injectable oil-in-water emulsion, the drug is a short-acting arterial-selective vasodilator. Clinical efficacy and safety trials of clevidipine have primarily focused on blood pressure management during cardiac surgery and in patients with acute severe hypertension (in intensive care units and emergency departments). In phase III trials, clevidipine demonstrated efficacy in blood pressure lowering, with a relatively low occurrence of adverse events. Reflex tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and acute renal failure were observed in these studies and merit additional analysis. The lack of specific clinical outcomes documenting improved morbidity and mortality rates as compared with other agents, the small numbers of treated patients, and concerns regarding the lipid formulation necessitate further investigation to help define the therapeutic role of clevidipine.
Stable Convergence Behavior Under Summable Perturbations of a Class of Projection Methods for Convex Feasibility and Optimization Problems (2007)

We study the convergence behavior of a class of projection methods for solving convex feasibility and optimization problems. We prove that the algorithms in this class converge to solutions of the consistent convex feasibility problem, and that their convergence is stable under summable perturbations. Our class is a subset of the class of string-averaging projection methods, large enough to contain, among many other procedures, a version of the Cimmino algorithm, as well as the cyclic projection method. A variant of our approach is proposed to approximate the minimum of a convex functional subject to convex constraints. This variant is illustrated on a problem in image processing: namely, for optimization in tomography.
Co-retrieval: a boosted reranking approach for video retrieval (2005)

Video retrieval compares multimedia queries to items in a video collection in multiple dimensions and combines all the similarity scores into a final retrieval ranking. Although text is the most reliable feature for video retrieval, features from other modalities can provide complementary information. A reranking framework for video retrieval to augment text feature based retrieval with other evidence is presented. A boosted reranking algorithm called co-retrieval is then introduced, which combines a boosting type learning algorithm and a noisy label prediction scheme to select automatically the most useful (weak) features from multiple modalities. The proposed approach is evaluated with queries and video from the 65 h test collection of the 2003 NIST TRECVID evaluation and it achieves considerable improvement over several baseline retrieval algorithms.
Antiproliferative effects of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate and related compounds in combination with adenosine deaminase inhibitors against mouse leukemia L1210/C2 cells in culture. (1979)

The antiproliferative activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate against a cultured line of mouse leukemia cells (L1210/C2) was enhanced by addition of either 2'-deoxycoformycin or erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine. The activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate, alone or in combination with either of the two inhibitors of adenosine deaminase, was comparable to that of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), apparently reflecting the rapid conversion of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate to ara-A by L1210/C2 cells. Several ara-A analogs were assayed for antiproliferative activity against L1210/C2 cells; of these, only 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-O-methylphosphate and 2'-deoxy-2'-amino-9-beta-D-arabinofuraosyladenine were active. Addition of 2'-deoxycoformycin to cell culture fluids enhanced the activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-O-methylphosphate suggesting conversion to an adenosine deaminase-sensitive intermediate, presumably ara-A.
C-di-GMP Regulates Motile to Sessile Transition by Modulating MshA Pili Biogenesis and Near-Surface Motility Behavior in Vibrio cholerae (2015)

In many bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) controls the motile to biofilm life style switch. Yet, little is known about how this occurs. In this study, we report that changes in c-di-GMP concentration impact the biosynthesis of the MshA pili, resulting in altered motility and biofilm phenotypes in V. cholerae. Previously, we reported that cdgJ encodes a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase and a ΔcdgJ mutant has reduced motility and enhanced biofilm formation. Here we show that loss of the genes required for the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MshA) pilus biogenesis restores motility in the ΔcdgJ mutant. Mutations of the predicted ATPase proteins mshE or pilT, responsible for polymerizing and depolymerizing MshA pili, impair near surface motility behavior and initial surface attachment dynamics. A ΔcdgJ mutant has enhanced surface attachment, while the ΔcdgJmshA mutant phenocopies the high motility and low attachment phenotypes observed in a ΔmshA strain. Elevated concentrations of c-di-GMP enhance surface MshA pilus production. MshE, but not PilT binds c-di-GMP directly, establishing a mechanism for c-di-GMP signaling input in MshA pilus production. Collectively, our results suggest that the dynamic nature of the MshA pilus established by the assembly and disassembly of pilin subunits is essential for transition from the motile to sessile lifestyle and that c-di-GMP affects MshA pilus assembly and function through direct interactions with the MshE ATPase.
A β-Mannanase from Bacillus subtilis B36: Purification, Properties, Sequencing, Gene Cloning and Expression in Escherichia coli (2006)

MANB36, a secrete endo-beta-1,4-D-mannanase produced by Bacillus subtilis B36, was purified to homogeneity from a culture supernatant and characterized. The optimum pH value for the mannanase activity of MANB36 is 6.4 and the optimum temperature is 50 degrees C. The enzyme activity of MANB36 is remarkably thermostable at 60 degrees C and the specific activity of MANB36 is 927.84 U/mg. Metal cations (except Hg2+ and Ag+), EDTA and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) have no effects on enzyme activity. This enzyme exhibits high specificity with the substituted galactomannan locust bean gum (LBG). The gene encoding for MANB36, manB36, was cloned by PCR and sequenced. manB36 contains a single open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1104 bp that encodes a protein of 367 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of 38.13 kDa, calculated by the deduced protein of the gene manB36 without signal peptide, coincides with the apparent molecular weight of 38.0 kDa of the purified MANB36 estimated by SDS-PAGE. The mature protein of MANB36 has been expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the expressed mannanase has normal bioactivity.
Using Combination of Evidence for Term Expansion (1997)

Expanding a user query automatically with terms taken from documents that are most similar to the query is a reliable way of finding more relevant documents. To date most approaches to this problem have focused on modifying the query. In this paper we argue that it is useful to create a new query from similar documents, rank both the user query and the new query, and combine the evidence. We show that there are both theoretic and practical advantages in this process.
Vaccine Adjuvants: Mode of Action (2013)

Vaccines were first introduced more than 200 years ago and have since played a key role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. Many of the safest and most effective vaccines in use today are based on attenuated live viruses, as they mimic a live infection without causing disease. However, it is not always practical to take this approach, such as when it may not be safe to do so (e.g., for viruses that cause chronic infections such as HIV) or may not be feasible to manufacture (e.g., for viruses that do not grow well in cell culture such as HCV). In addition, it may preferable in some cases to target immune responses toward specific antigens from the pathogen, rather than the entirety of the genome. In these cases, subunit vaccines consisting of antigens purified from the pathogen or produced by recombinant DNA technology are being developed. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic, as they usually lack the means to directly stimulate the innate immune system, and often require the addition of adjuvants to enhance vaccine potency. Despite more than a century of human use, only a few adjuvants are licensed today. However many adjuvants have been tested in humans and are in advanced stages of development. Much of the early work on adjuvants discovery and development was empirical producing safe and effective products, but without a clear understanding of how they worked. Recent insight into the functioning of the innate immune system has demonstrated its important role in triggering and shaping the adaptive immune response to vaccines.
A Study for Determining the Yield Stress of Lithium Lubricating Grease (2007)

Rotated rheometer was used to determine the yield stress of lithium lubricating grease.Based on the rheological behaviour of lithium lubricating grease,the steady-state,transient-state and dynamic-state flow experiments were selected to obtain yield stress value.According to the measurement results,different ways can effect yield stress values efficiently,and the steady-state,transient-state and dynamic-state flow results are rised in sequence.The results measured by steady-state and dynamic-state flow experiments are a single value,but the result measured by transient-state flow experiment is in a range.
Nuclear factors AF-1 and C/EBP bind to the human ApoB gene promoter and modulate its transcriptional activity in hepatic cells. (1990)

ApoB-100, the major protein of low density lipoprotein, is produced primarily in the liver. The apoB promoter region from -86 to -52 binds two hepatic nuclear proteins. The protein that binds to the sequence between -86 to -61, called AF-1, was characterized and also shown to interact with the apoCIII, apoA-I, and apoCII promoters. We now show that the second protein, which by DNase I footprinting binds to the sequence between -69 and -52, is the heat stable hepatic factor C/EBP. The binding of this protein is competed by a known C/EBP-binding sequence in the transthyretin gene enhancer (TRR oligo 3). In addition, the protein protects the same region in DNase I footprinting as purified C/EBP. Mutants that affect AF-1 or C/EBP binding to the apoB promoter were created. These mutants were analyzed by the gel mobility shift assay and transient transfections into HepG2 cells. We have demonstrated that the two factors bind to overlapping sites and that they modulate apoB transcriptional activity.
Nontransformed colony-derived stromal cell lines from normal human marrows. II. Phenotypic characterization and differentiation pathway. (1995)

In a previous report, we described a method to generate cell lines derived from stromal colonies (colony-derived cell lines [CDCL]). In a first step, colonies were obtained from plating cells from adherent layers of human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) in methyl-cellulose in the presence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) (20 U/mL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (200 U/mL). In a second step, cell lines were derived from individual colonies cultured in liquid medium with 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In this report, we describe the phenotype of cells from more than 100 cell lines. CDCL did not contain cells of hematopoietic origin, which indicates that the culture system did not allow the growth of hematopoietic precursors. CDCL did not contain endothelial-like cells, similarly to primary adherent layers. CDCL comprised stromal cells, as defined by membrane antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies 6-19, Stro-1 and 1B10. These cells belonged to the family of connective tissue-forming cells since they synthesized interstitial collagens I, III, and V; nonplasmatic EDa+ and EDb- fibronectin; tenascin; and chondroitin-sulfate. Study of the time course of CDCL showed that the lines differed from one another according to their proliferative capacity: 32% of CDCL grew quickly, yielding about 10,000 cells in 10 days; 36% of CDCL grew slowly, yielding 1000 cells in 10 days; and the remaining 32% had intermediate proliferative capacity. For CDCL with a high proliferative capacity, a distinctive differentiation pattern could be described. At culture, inception cells from the lines were vimentin and laminin. Over time, several cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins indicative of vascular smooth muscle differentiation were expressed, including: the alpha-SM-actin isoform; the actin-binding proteins, smooth muscle myosin-heavy chain (SMMHC), SM1; h-caldesmon; calponin; gelsolin; and the ECM proteins, collagen IV and elastin. In full-grown lines, cells were similar to immature, intimal, vascular smooth muscle cells as found beneath the endothelium in adult aortas. Because of the coupling between proliferation and differentiation, the differentiation pattern seems to be under genetic control. However, since the coupling was not stringent during the whole lifespan of the lines, it is possible that cytokines are also involved, ensuring autocrine regulation of CDCL development.
PPARα Agonists Inhibit Tissue Factor Expression in Human Monocytes and Macrophages (2001)

These data indicate that activation of PPARalpha results in the downregulation of the TF gene. Our results suggest a novel role for PPARalpha in the control of atherosclerotic plaque thrombogenicity through its effects on TF expression in monocytes and macrophages.
Imidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyridazines, Novel Nucleus with Potent and Broad Spectrum Activity against Human Picornaviruses:  Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation (2003)

A novel structural class of picornavirus inhibitors comprising an imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine nucleus was discovered. 2-Aminoimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines (6d, (E/Z)-7b, (E)-7d, (Z)-7d, (E/Z)-8b, (E)-10b, (E)-13a, (Z)-13a, (E)-13b, (Z)-13b, (E)-13c, and (Z)-13c) were designed and synthesized in an effort to identify potent broad spectrum antirhinoviral agents. A practical synthetic route to this chemical scaffold has been developed. The target compounds were evaluated in a plaque reduction assay and in a cytopathic effect assay. Our preliminary SAR studies highlight the minimum structural features required for antirhinovirus activity. Our data suggest that the nature of the linker between the phenyl and the imidazopyridazine moieties has a significant influence on the activity of these compounds. Oximes are slightly better than vinyl carboxamides at this position. The oximes are the most potent analogues against human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14), and at the concentrations evaluated, no apparent cellular toxicity is noted. Furthermore, the E geometry appears to be a key element for activity; the Z isomer leads to a considerable loss in potency. Of particular interest, analogue 7b exhibits potent broad-spectrum antirhinoviral and antienteroviral activity when evaluated against a panel of seven additional rhino- and enteroviruses. The chemistry and the biological evaluations are discussed.
Combined frequency and amplitude modulation for the STARNET WDM computer communication network (1994)

STARNET is an experimental wavelength-division multiplexed computer communication network that makes use of combined modulation of a single transmitter laser to implement a virtual-ring control sub-network and a reconfigurable high-speed sub-network over a passive star architecture. In this letter, we demonstrate a new technique of combined modulation that works by direct frequency-shift keyed (FSK) modulation and external amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation of a semiconductor laser. By adjusting the amplitude modulation depth to 0.8, both the 125 Mb/s ASK receiver and the 1.244 Gb/s FSK receiver operate with equal bit-error ratios less than 10/sup -9/ for a received signal power of -24 dBm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NADPH Oxidase NOX2 Mediates Rapid Cellular Oxidation following ATP Stimulation of Endotoxin-Primed Macrophages (2009)

The phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2) plays a fundamental role in host defense and innate immunity. Here we demonstrate that external ATP triggers rapid cellular oxidation inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium in endotoxin-primed J774 macrophages and primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. To identify the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we compared responses between wild-type and NOX2-deficient macrophages. ATP-mediated ROS production was strongly attenuated in NOX2-deficient macrophages where responses were comparable to inhibition with diphenyleneiodonium. Notably, spatial differences in superoxide anion formation were observed where ROS formation was partially antagonized by extracellular superoxide dismutase in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages but unaffected in J774 macrophages. Loss of NOX2 was not observed to affect ATP-induced cell death. However, ATP-evoked cell death was found to be partially dependent on caspase-1 and cathepsin B activation. In conclusion, NOX2 plays a fundamental role in conferring macrophages with the ability to respond to extracellular ATP stimulation with robust changes in cellular oxidation.
Purification and properties of oxalate oxidase from barley seedlings. (1979)

Oxalate oxidase from barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. var. distichon ALEFELD) was purified to homogeneity as determined by disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme hydrolyzed oxalate, but no other related acids. The optimum pH was around pH 3.5, and this enzyme was stable at acidic pHs. The enzyme appears to consist of two identical subunits. Various other properties were investigated.
The GSM Short Message Service (1991)

Although many diverse messaging systems have been available for some time, GSM saw a need for a new service which would be integrated with the pan-European digital mobile telephone system, providing essentially acknowledged message paging, but extending the functionality to suit the requirements of the mobile telephone user. The GSM Short Message Service (SMS) has been designed to meet the messaging needs of the mobile telephone user over and above the real-time speech and data services.
The connection between <i>in vitro</i> water uptake and <i>in vivo</i> skin moisturization (2003)

A rise in water absorption ability in vitro, at a rate of about 0.25 mol water per hydroxyl group was revealed in a consecutive set of glycerols (mono-, di- and tri-glycerols). One would expect that the better humectant is a material, i.e. in which the higher its physical ability to hold water in vitro the more effective it will be in recovering skin dryness. We have found, however, that glycerol, which has the lowest humectant activity in vitro, from the set of glycerols, di- and tri-glycerol, has been proven to be the best for eliminating the signs of skin dryness. Accordingly, we propose to distinguish between the in vitro humectancy (i.e. the water uptake of a material), and its in vivo moisturizing effect, i.e. its ability to cure skin dryness and erythema. This finding supports our conclusion that the connection between in vitro humectancy and in vivo moisturization is not a simple correlation.
Impact of the anti-inflammatory agent bindarit on the chemokinome: selective inhibition of the monocyte chemotactic proteins. (2008)

Bindarit is an indazolic derivative that is devoid of any immunosuppressive effects and has no effect on arachidonic acid metabolism. However, it has been proved to have anti-inflammatory activity in a number of experimental diseases, including pancreatitis, arthritis, and lupus nephritis. This therapeutic effect has been associated with its ability to interfere selectively with monocyte recruitment, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here we comprehensively examine the effect of bindarit on the chemokine system, and report that in activated monocytes and endothelial cells, it selectively inhibits the production of the monocyte chemotactic protein subfamily of CC inflammatory chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7, MCP-2/CCL8). The capacity of bindarit to inhibit the production of a defined set of related CC chemokines by monocytes and endothelial cells likely underlies the anti-inflammatory activity of this agent in disease. The exploitation of the chemokine system as drug target in inflammatory disease has relied mainly on the development of receptor antagonists and blocking antibodies. Here we report on the use of inhibition of synthesis as a potentially viable and selective approach to modify the chemokine system.