gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of Combustion-acoustic Instabilities (1995)

Combustion-acoustic instabilities occur when the acoustic energy increase due to the unsteady heat release of the flame is greater than the losses of acoustic energy from the system. The problem of combustion-acoustic instability is a concern in many devices for various reasons, as each device may have a unique mechanism causing unsteady heat release rates and many have unique boundary conditions. To accurately predict and quantify combustion-acoustic stabilities, the unsteady heat release rate and boundary conditions need to be accurately determined. The present review brings together work performed on a variety of practical combustion devices. Many theoretical and experimental investigations of the unsteady heat release rate have been performed, some based on perturbations in the fuel delivery system particularly for rocket instabilities, while others are based on hydrodynamic processes as in ramjet dump combustors. The boundary conditions for rocket engines have been analyzed and measured extensively. However, less work has been done to measure acoustic boundary conditions in many other combustion systems.
Memantine Treatment in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 6-Month Study (2007)

Memantine is a moderate affinity, uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist currently approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study (Study 99679) conducted in Europe evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 20mg/day memantine in patients with mild to moderate AD. Patients were randomised to either memantine or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Efficacy was primarily assessed as change from baseline in ADAS-cog and CIBIC-plus score. Of 470 patients randomised and treated (memantine, n=318; placebo, n=152), 85% and 91% completed the study. Memantine-treated patients showed statistically significant improvement relative to placebo at weeks 12 and 18, and numerical superiority at week 24 on both efficacy scales. The lack of significance at week 24 was attributed to an unexpectedly high placebo response. Memantine was well tolerated with an adverse event profile similar to placebo. The data presented support the efficacy of memantine in mild to moderate AD.
Biopolymer‐hydroxyapatite composite coatings prepared by electrospinning (2006)

Abstract Biocompatibility in research and development of advanced prosthetics is a current problem faced by medical researchers. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a natural ceramic (responsible for strength and stability in the human skeletal system) operable as a biocomposite coating to improve the biocompatibility of materials such as silicon nitride, typically used for bone replacement. In this study, polymer based composites were prepared by electrospinning HA with a biocompatible polymer for the development of a structurally stable casing for prosthetic devices. Presented in this paper is the morphological and structural study of electrospun polymer‐HA mats. Electrospun mats were calcinated at the phase transformation temperature of HA revealing pure HA wires with diameters just under 1 µm and lengths of the order of 10 to 50 µm. Results have outlined the dispersion mechanism of HA electrospun with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cellulose acetate (CA) in varying solvents to discern the effects of acidic additives and electrospinning on the production of HA wires. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Material Property of a Crucible on Interface Shape in a Unidirectional Solidification Process (2008)

We carried out calculations to investigate the influence of thermal conductivity of the wall of a crucible on melt−crystal interface shape using three-dimensional global analyses. It was found that thermal conductivity of the wall of a crucible has significant influence on the melt−crystal interface shape due to modification of the amount of outgoing heat flux through the wall of a crucible. The results indicate that we should control not only heater power, growth velocity, and melt flow but also thermophysical properties of the wall of a crucible in order to reduce deformation of the melt−crystal interface.
Micro-tool characterization using scanning white light interferometry (2004)

Micro-electro-discharge machining produces tools for micro-machining processes with diameters down to 3 ?m and lengths up to fifty times their diameter. This paper describes a metrology technique for characterizing the geometry of these tools by the standardized components of roughness, waviness and form. In this technique two-dimensional (2D) profiles are extracted from three-dimensional (3D) surface measurements acquired by scanning white light interferometry with height resolution below 1 nm. The profiles are transformed into the frequency domain and separated into form (wavelengths longer than 100 ?m), waviness (wavelengths between 10 ?m and 100 ?m) and roughness (wavelengths shorter than 10 ?m). Standard height and shape parameters are computed from the roughness, waviness and form profiles for 81 tools, enabling relative comparison of tool geometry in a quantitative and reproducible manner. This approach provides a more comprehensive quantification of geometry than alternatives such as measuring the diameter at a few points along the tool or scanning probe microscopy over small areas. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by characterizing the precision of three micro-tools produced by wire electro-discharge grinding (WEDG).
Optimization of MgF<sub>2</sub>-deposition temperature for far UV Al mirrors (2018)

Progress towards far UV (FUV) coatings with enhanced reflectance is invaluable for future space missions, such as LUVOIR. This research starts with the procedure developed to enhance MgF<sub>2</sub>-protected Al reflectance through depositing MgF<sub>2</sub> on a heated aluminized substrate [Quijada et al., Proc. SPIE 8450, 84502H (2012)] and it establishes the optimum deposition temperature of the MgF<sub>2</sub> protective film for Al mirrors with a reflectance as high as ~90% at 121.6 nm. Al films were deposited at room temperature and protected with a MgF<sub>2</sub> film deposited at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 350°C. It has been found that mirror reflectance in the short FUV range continuously increases with MgF<sub>2</sub> deposition temperature up to 250°C, whereas reflectance decreases at temperatures of 300°C and up. The short-FUV reflectance of mirrors deposited at 250°C only slightly decreased over time by less than 1%, compared to a larger decay for standard coatings prepared at room temperature. Al mirrors protected with MgF<sub>2</sub> deposited at room temperature that were later annealed displayed a similar reflectance enhancement that mirrors protected at high temperatures. MgF<sub>2</sub> and Al roughness as well as MgF<sub>2</sub> density were analyzed by x-ray grazing incidence reflectometry. A noticeable reduction in both Al and MgF<sub>2</sub> roughness, as well as an increase of MgF<sub>2</sub> density, were measured for films deposited at high temperatures. On the other hand, it was found a strong correlation between the protective-layer deposition temperature (or post-deposition annealing temperature) and the pinhole open area in Al films, which could be prevented with a somewhat thicker Al film.
Plasma Surgery and Topical Estriol: Effects on the Nasal Mucosa and Long‐Term Results in Patients with Osier's Disease (2003)

APC and topical estriol have proved to be a promising alternative in the treatment of Osler's disease.
Images And Thoughts, People And Things, Materials And Methods (2004)

Harun Farocki's 1990 film Leben -BRD (How To Live in the Federal Republic of Germany) is a montage assembled from short scenes taken from 32 instructional and training classes, and therapy and test sessions from across the German Federal Republic.The individual film segments are all 'acted scenes', recorded during practice sessions in which some real life situation is being introduced, taught, practised, imitated, invoked, or mastered.Leben -BRD is a film composed entirely of these scenes -'a documentary film with performers'.The various types of performances in the film all have specific rules, sometimes revealing a depressing banality and sometimes an enticing, all too obvious perfection.The effort demanded by these performances represents a particular form of labour -indirect and contrived.True human action is ruled out, what is important here is the significance of preparatory and follow-up work, which appear as exercises in wasted human knowledge, or as a drill in modern marketing methods.These 'didactic plays on mastering life' are intended to be instructional in the carrying out of certain administrative and service activities, that is, in the rehearsing of certain functions.In addition, theymuch like a 'false bottom' -are meant to lay bare and cure, per therapy, the effects of actual events and actions on the human spirit.Leben -BRD, in its brief shots of the tests that various consumer goods are put to, has created its own cinematic method of editing, its own form of punctuation.It is precisely these images, absent of people, that reinforce the human situation.'Matter is more magical than life' (Roland Barthes), this magic appears to imbue the film's scenes, somewhat similar to a concept of 'endurance', whether of human beings or of objects.Just as material and product testing reveal something about our utilisation of things -in the face of endless, rhythmic endurance/application/torture testing of consumer goods, the essence of ordinary activity emerges -so the various trials and errors and re-enactments and role-playing reveal something of the control that the forces of big business, of the insurance conglomerates, and the military impose on human life through their representation of the world, a standardisation that human beings do not ever completely assimilate.To practice life's rules when these visibly lack coherence, means two different things, in terms of life and in terms of the processes of work.One is that a bias, an ideology (or in today's language: a philosophy) is
Panama's Poor: Victims, Agents, and Historymakers. (2001)

Panama's Poor: Victims, Agents, and Historymakers. Gloria Rudolf. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1999.
Classification of accelerometer wear and non-wear events in seconds for monitoring free-living physical activity (2015)

Using either accelerometer seismic information or temperature information alone is prone to considerable error. Combining both sources of data can give accurate estimates of non-wear periods thus giving better classification of sedentary behaviour. This method can be used in population studies of physical activity in free-living environments.
nCap: wire-speed packet capture and transmission (2006)

With the increasing network speed, it is no longer possible to capture and transmit network packets at wire-speed using general-purpose operating systems. Many companies tried to tackle this problem by manufacturing costly network adapters able to keep up at high network speeds. This paper describes a new approach to wire-speed packet capture and transmission named nCap based on commercial network adapters rather than on custom network adapters and software.
Chicken Avidin-related Protein 4/5 Shows Superior Thermal Stability when Compared with Avidin while Retaining High Affinity to Biotin (2004)

The protein chicken avidin is a commonly used tool in various applications. The avidin gene belongs to a gene family that also includes seven other members known as the avidin-related genes (AVR). We report here on the extremely high thermal stability and functional characteristics of avidin-related protein AVR4/5, a member of the avidin protein family. The thermal stability characteristics of AVR4/5 were examined using a differential scanning calorimeter, microparticle analysis, and a microplate assay. Its biotin-binding properties were studied using an isothermal calorimeter and IAsys optical biosensor. According to these analyses, in the absence of biotin AVR4/5 is clearly more stable (T(m) = 107.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C) than avidin (T(m) = 83.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C) or bacterial streptavidin (T(m) = 75.5 degrees C). AVR4/5 also exhibits a high affinity for biotin (K(d) approximately 3.6 x 10(-14) m) comparable to that of avidin and streptavidin (K(d) approximately 10(-15) m). Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis were used to study the molecular details behind the observed high thermostability. The results indicate that AVR4/5 and its mutants have high potential as new improved tools for applications where exceptionally high stability and tight biotin binding are needed.
Enantioselective Organocatalysis (2001)

The last few years have witnessed a spectacular advancement in new catalytic methods based on metal-free organic molecules. In many cases, these small compounds give rise to extremely high enantioselectivities. Preparative advantages are notable: usually the reactions can be performed under an aerobic atmosphere with wet solvents. The catalysts are inexpensive and they are often more stable than enzymes or other bioorganic catalysts. Also, these small organic molecules can be anchored to a solid support and reused more conveniently than organometallic/bioorganic analogues, and show promising adaptability to high-throughput screening and process chemistry. Herein we focus on four different domains in which organocatalysis has made major advances: 1) The activation of the reaction based on the nucleophilic/electrophilic properties of the catalysts. This type of catalysis has much in common with conventional Lewis acid/base activation by metal complexes. 2) Transformations in which the organic catalyst forms a reactive intermediate: the chiral catalyst is consumed in the reaction and requires regeneration in a parallel catalytic cycle. 3) Phase-transfer reactions: The chiral catalyst forms a host-guest complex with the substrate and shuttles between the standard organic solvent and the second phase (i.e. a solid, aqueous, or fluorous phase in which the organic transformation takes place). 4) Molecular-cavity-accelerated asymmetric transformations: the catalyst can select between competing substrates, depending on size and structure criteria. The rate acceleration of a given reaction is similar to the Lewis acid/base activation and is the consequence of the simultaneous action of different polar functions. Herein it is shown that organocatalysis complements rather than competes with current methods. It offers something conceptually novel and opens new horizons in synthesis.
Combined System for Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a combined system of static var compensator (SVC) and active power filter (APF) was proposed. The system has the function of power factor correction, voltage stability, and harmonic suppression. The SVC, which consists of delta-connected thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and Y-connected passive power filter (PPF), is mainly for voltage stability and power factor correction. The small rating APF is used to filter harmonics generated by the nonlinear load and the TCR in the SVC and to suppress possible resonance between the grid and the PPFs. The configuration and principle of the combined system were discussed first, and then, the control method of the combined system was presented. An optimal nonlinear proportional–integral control was proposed to improve the dynamic response and decrease the steady-state error of the SVC. Harmonic detection with precompensation method and improved generalized integrator control were proposed to improve the performance of APF. The new combined system is compared to classical SVC. It is implemented in a 200-kVA prototype in the laboratory. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed combined configuration can effectively stabilize system voltage, correct power factor, and suppress harmonic currents. </para>
Instance-Based Decision Making Model of Repeated Binary Choice (2018)

We describe an instance-based model of decision-making for repeated binary choice. The model provides an accurate account of existing data of aggregate choice probabilities and individual differences, as well as newly collected data on learning and choice interdependency. In particular, the model provides a general emergent account of the risk aversion effect that does not require any metacognitive assumptions. Advantages of the model include its simplicity, its compatibility with previous models of choice and dynamic control, and the strong constraints it inherits from the underlying cognitive architecture.
Effect of Surface Hydrophobicity of Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Vanillin Hydrodeoxygenation in a Water/Oil System (2018)

Pickering emulsions stabilized by solid catalysts have received an increasing amount of attention as a reaction platform because of potential applications in the chemical industry. Here, we report a surface modification strategy for controlling the catalytic performance of Pd/Al2O3 during vanillin hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) in a water/decalin emulsion environment. A series of organophosphonic acids (PAs) were applied as modifiers to control the surface hydrophobicity, thereby determining the continuous and dispersed emulsion phases. The PAs also introduced Brønsted acid sites that promoted vanillin HDO. Reaction studies showed that the yield of the HDO product p-creosol was improved from 20% to as high as 90% upon PA modification after a reaction duration of 1 h at 50 °C. This improvement greatly depended on the surface hydrophobicity, which influenced the selectivity to different reaction pathways as well as the emulsion structures. Statistical analysis of the kinetic data confirmed the hydrophobic/hydrophilic effect.
A look at application performance sensitivity to the bandwidth and latency of InfiniBand networks (2006)

This work explores the expected performance of three applications on a high performance computing cluster interconnected using InfiniBand. In particular, the expected performance across a range of configurations is analyzed notably InfiniBand 4times, 8times and 12times representing link-speeds of 10 Gb/s, 20 Gb/s, and 30 Gb/s respectively as well as near-neighbor MPI message latencies of 4mus and 1.5mus. In addition we also consider the impact of node size, from one to eight processors that share a single network connection. The performance analysis is based on the use of detailed performance models of the three applications developed at Los Alamos. The results of the analysis show that the application performance can range by as much as 60% from best to worst. The relative importance of bandwidth, latency and node size differs between the applications
HotMobile 2006: Mobile Computing Practitioners Interact (2006)

Like the First IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, held in 1994, the 2006 workshop aimed to foster interaction between mobile computing practitioners. In keeping with this goal, we returned to a small, informal workshop with few papers but significant discussions. We accepted just nine papers, but we had two important group discussions, two exciting panels, and an insightful keynote address. To reflect these changes, the steering committee changed the nickname of this year's workshop to HotMobile 2006. Approximately 40 people attended the two-day event, held at the Semiahmoo resort in Blaine, Washington.
Regulation of interleukin 8 gene expression by oxidant stress. (1993)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a recently described cytokine that functions as a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. We sought to examine the link between the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and the regulation of IL-8 gene expression to specifically test the hypothesis that ROI would induce production of IL-8 mRNA and protein. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole blood, the OH radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) dramatically inhibited (approximately 90%) IL-8 production, but had minimal effects on the production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1), and IL-6. To determine whether NADPH-oxidase-generated free radicals were critical in the regulation of IL-8, studies were performed using blood from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. In both normal individuals and patients with chronic granulomatous disease, production of IL-8 could be initiated with lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, or aggregated immune complexes, and this production could be inhibited by Me2SO (1% v/v). To examine if oxidant stress represents a ubiquitous mechanism for the induction of IL-8, experiments were performed in cultured cell lines. In the human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2, Me2SO dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-stimulated IL-8 production, with a 74 +/- 1% reduction observed at a Me2SO concentration of 1%. Direct exposure to ROI demonstrated that H2O2 stimulated IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner in Hep-G2 cells, A549 pulmonary type II epithelial cells, and human skin fibroblasts; this induction could be prevented by addition of catalase. The production of IL-8 appeared to be specific to an oxidant stress since exposure of the cells to heat shock or chemical stress did not induce expression of IL-8. These studies demonstrate that oxidant stress is an important regulator of IL-8 gene expression and support the hypothesis that low levels of ROI may serve to initiate IL-8 production which then serves to recruit neutrophils to sites of inflammation.
Specific c-Jun target genes in malignant melanoma (2016)

A fundamental event in the development and progression of malignant melanoma is the de-regulation of cancer-relevant transcription factors. We recently showed that c-Jun is a main regulator of melanoma progression and, thus, is the most important member of the AP-1 transcription factor family in this disease. Surprisingly, no cancer-related specific c-Jun target genes in melanoma were described in the literature, so far. Therefore, we focused on pre-existing ChIP-Seq data (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) of 3 different non-melanoma cell lines to screen direct c-Jun target genes. Here, a specific c-Jun antibody to immunoprecipitate the associated promoter DNA was used. Consequently, we identified 44 direct c-Jun targets and a detailed analysis of 6 selected genes confirmed their deregulation in malignant melanoma. The identified genes were differentially regulated comparing 4 melanoma cell lines and normal human melanocytes and we confirmed their c-Jun dependency. Direct interaction between c-Jun and the promoter/enhancer regions of the identified genes was confirmed by us via ChIP experiments. Interestingly, we revealed that the direct regulation of target gene expression via c-Jun can be independent of the existence of the classical AP-1 (5´-TGA(C/G)TCA-3´) consensus sequence allowing for the subsequent down- or up-regulation of the expression of these cancer-relevant genes. In summary, the results of this study indicate that c-Jun plays a crucial role in the development and progression of malignant melanoma via direct regulation of cancer-relevant target genes and that inhibition of direct c-Jun targets through inhibition of c-Jun is a potential novel therapeutic option for treatment of malignant melanoma.