gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of GUI Automated Testing Framework Based on XML (2009)

By combining data-driven and keyword-driven technologies and using XML format to store testing data, this paper shows how to design and implement a GUI automated testing framework with strong reusability, expandability and robustness. The separation of scripts, data and business logic divides personnel into framework developers and testers. In this case, testers could concentrate on the design of test case and the development of data file, helping to improve test quality and simplifying the skills required for automated testing. Furthermore, detailed description about how to use XML to express test case and how to revert the XML to scripts executed by automated testing tool are also demonstrated by the paper.
Pneumatically tunable optofluidic 2 × 2 switch for reconfigurable optical circuit (2011)

We presented a pneumatically tunable 2 × 2 optofluidic switch for on-chip light routing that was controlled by compressed air. The device was fabricated with an optically clear elastomer-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-by soft-lithography. The optical switching is realized with a tunable air-gap mirror by which the light is deflected due to total internal reflection in the bypass state. When the device is subjected to high pressure, the air gap collapses and hence the light will be switched to the crossover state. The device had a switching speed of more than 5 Hz and an extinction ratio of 8 dB. This switch can be readily integrated with other microfluidic circuits. We demonstrated a simple reconfigurable optical waveguide circuit for dual-channel microfluidic spectroscopy measurement on a chip.
Accuracy limitations in specular-mode optical topography extraction (2003)

Specular-mode spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) or reflectometry (SR) from periodic gratings have been successfully demonstrated as accurate methods for extracting detailed topography of integrated circuit structures. However, as critical dimensions become very much less than the current minimum measurement wavelengths and as film thicknesses are simultaneously reduced, there are significant questions regarding the long-term usefulness of this method. In this paper, I will attempt to address some major aspects of this problem.
Fragility of photonic band gaps in inverse-opal photonic crystals (2000)

Inverse-opal techniques provide a promising routine of fabricating photonic crystals with a full band gap in the visible and infrared regimes. Numerical simulations of band structures of such systems by means of a supercell technique demonstrate that this band gap is extremely fragile to the nonuniformity in crystals. In the presence of disorder such as variations in the radii of air spheres and their positions, the band gap reduces significantly, and closes at a fluctuation magnitude as small as under 2% of the lattice constant. This imposes a severe requirement on the uniformity of the crystal lattice. The fragility can be attributed to the creation of this band gap at high-frequency bands (eight to nine bands) in inverse-opal crystals.
Wet shape memory alloy actuators for active vasculated robotic flesh (2004)

A new type of actuator is presented where shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are embedded within artificial "blood vessels." Fluid flowing through vessels allows the SMA wires to be rapidly cooled by convection, resulting in greater bandwidth than ordinarily possible. Combinations of electric, fluidic, and thermal inputs can be used to control the contraction/extension of the SMA wires within the compliant vessels. These wet vascular SMA actuators can be used as robotic muscle or even embedded in a compliant rubber material to create an active vasculated robotic flesh. This paper begins by proposing a type of biomimetics where robots and machines are imbued with a vasculature or network of blood vessels. The concept of a wet SMA actuator is then introduced as an immediate application of a vasculated robot. A wet SMA actuator is then designed and implemented. Initial prototypes are 3 mm in diameter and are capable of 2% strain at 2 Hz by pulsing 2 A of current and 3 mL/s of water. Reservoirs of hot and cold water are also used to recycle the thermal energy and allow the actuators to exert static force with no electric current. Finally, multiple vascular SMA actuators are imbedded within a 4 mm thick rubber sheet to implement the active vasculated robotic flesh.
Improving de novo sequence assembly using machine learning and comparative genomics for overlap correction (2010)

Machine learning methods that use comparative and non-comparative features to classify overlaps as true or false can be used to improve the quality of a sequence assembly.
A wearable sensor fusion armband for simple motion control and selection for disabled and non-disabled users (2012)

This paper presents the GE-Fusion Band, a wearable prototype armband that incorporates Gyro and EMG sensor fusion for interfacing with technology. The armband enables any user with some level of yaw and pitch arm movement, and arm muscle voluntary contraction, to potentially control an electrical device like a computer, robotic arm, or mobile phone. Simple Gyro data calculates pitch and yaw, while EMG threshold based techniques were used for a virtual enter button. Only light weight signal processing was required to achieve acceptable results, reducing the required processing time on the microcontroller and receiving device, thereby allowing the GE-Fusion Band to be interfaced with almost any device. The device aims to make interaction more intuitive for disabled users while providing an alternative interface for non-disabled users.
RELIABILITY IN AUTOMATED EVALUATION TOOLS FOR WEB ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS COMPLIANCE (2006)

This research addressed the problem that neither the design standards nor the automated evaluation tools meet Web designers' requirements for ensuring that there are no accessibility barriers in their Web sites Different tools arrive at different conclusions when assessing the same Web site for errors. Using Krippendorff's Alpha Reliability Co-efficient (Kr-) as a measure of inter-reliability, the computerassisted content analysis tested data from 50 Web sites. These findings support the argument that a human computer interaction approach should be pursued rather than relying on these tools exclusively.
Bioartificial Kidney Alters Cytokine Response and Hemodynamics in Endotoxin-Challenged Uremic Animals (2002)

The mortality from sepsis complicated by renal failure remains extremely high despite the application of modern renal replacement therapy. This study investigated whether treatment with a bioartificial kidney consisting of a hemofilter in a continuous venovenous hemofiltration circuit (CVVH) with a cartridge containing renal proximal tubule cells, also called the Renal Tubule Assist Device (RAD), would alter the course of sepsis in an animal model. The RAD has been previously characterized in vitro and ex vivo and provides transport, metabolic and endocrine activity. Mongrel dogs (n = 10) underwent surgical nephrectomy and 48 h later were treated with CVVH and either a RAD containing cells (n = 5) or an identically prepared sham cartridge (n = 5). After 4 h of therapy, intravenous endotoxin 2 mg/kg was infused over 1 h to simulate gram-negative septic shock. Data on blood pressure, cardiac output and systemic markers of inflammation were collected. Mean peak levels of an anti- inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, were significantly higher in cell-treated animals (15.25 vs. 6.29 ng/ml; p = 0.037), and mean arterial pressures were higher in cell-treated versus sham-treated animals (p < 0.04). We have demonstrated that treatment of an animal model of endotoxin shock and renal failure with a bioartificial kidney has measurable effects on circulating mediators of inflammation and on hemodynamic stability of the challenged animal.
Superconductivity above 120 kelvin in a chain link molecule (2017)

The search for new superconducting compounds with higher critical temperatures $T_{c}^{\prime}$s has long been the very heart of scientific research on superconductivity. It took 75 years for scientists to push the $T_{c}$ above liquid nitrogen boiling temperature since the discovery of superconductivity. So far, the record high $T_{c}$ of about 130 K at atmosphere pressure was reported in some multilayer Hg(Tl)-Ba-Ca-Cu-O compounds. Meanwhile, sulfur hydride system holds the highest $T_{c}$ of around 200 K at high pressure of about 150 GPa. While keeping these records for superconductivity, either the toxicity of these superconductors or the requirement of extreme pressure condition for superconductivity limits their technology applications. Here we show that doping a chain link molecule $-$ $p$-terphenyl by potassium can bring about superconductivity at 123 K at atmosphere pressure, which is comparable to the highest $T_{c}$ in cuprates. The easy processability, light weight, durability of plastics, and environmental friendliness of this kind of new superconductor have great potential for the fine-tuning of electrical properties. This study opens a window for exploring high temperature superconductivity in chain link organic molecules.
A Method for the Solution of the <i>N</i> th Best Path Problem (1959)

The Problem A. Definition of a Network. By a network, in this paper, we mean a connected linear graph consisting of points called nodes and directed line segments joining pairs of nodes called links. Associated with each link is a positive real number called the value of the link.
PPSi - A free software PTP implementation (2014)

This paper describes a new open source implementation of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) [1] called PTP Ported To Silicon (PPSi) [2]. It was developed to fill in a niche in the free software world for a PTP daemon that is easily portable to a wide range of architectures and highly modular to enable protocol extensions - two key requirements of its driving force, the White Rabbit (WR) Project [3] [4]. PPSi's core protocol code is common for all the supported architectures ranging from a Linux PC to a soft-core processor running in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) - a feature minimizing code duplication, easing debugging, and facilitating new developments. This paper gives an overview of PPSi's internals describing design choices as well as the means of achieving portability and extensibility. A detailed example of a simulator architecture proves the design advantages. With an increasing number of supported architectures and a wide use in WR networks, PPSi is becoming an appealing PTP implementation also outside of the White Rabbit Community.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GDP‐<scp>L</scp>‐Fucose Derivatives as Potent and Selective α‐1,3‐Fucosyltransferase Inhibitors (2012)

Abstract Fucosyltransferases (FucTs) usually catalyze the final step of glycosylation and are critical to many biological processes. High levels of specific FucT activities are often associated with various cancers. Here we report the development of a chemoenzymatic method for synthesizing a library of guanosine diphosphate β‐ L ‐fucose (GDP‐Fuc) derivatives, followed by in situ screening for inhibitory activity against bacterial and human α‐1,3‐FucTs. Several compounds incorporating appropriate hydrophobic moieties were identified from the initial screening. These were individually synthesized, purified and characterized in detail for their inhibition kinetics. Compound 5 had a K i of 29 nM for human FucT‐VI, and is 269 and 11 times more selective than for Helicobacter pylori FucT ( K i =7.8 μM) and for human FucT‐V ( K i =0.31 μM).
An Efficient Method for Real-Time Broken Lane Tracking Using PHT and Least-Square Method (2008)

A lane detection system is one of the major components of intelligent vehicle systems. Difficulties in lane detection mainly come from not only various weather conditions but also a variety of special environment. This paper describes a simple and stable method for the broken lane tracking in various environments. Probabilistic Hough Transform (PHT) and the Least-square method (LSM) are used to track and correct the lane orientation. For the efficiency of the proposed method, two regions of interest (ROIs) are placed in the lower part of each image, where lane marking areas usually appear with less intervention in our system view. By testing in both a set of static images and video sequences, the experiments showed that the proposed approach yielded robust and reliable results.
A study on morphological comparison of the wood tracheid of the half-sib progency and parent of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. (1999)

Morphological comparison of the wood tracheid of every family was conducted by sampling undestructively. The results are as follows. The tracheid is long in length, great in tracheid length-width ratio and tracheid lumen-diameter in these families, so it is a good raw material, better in breeding because of the obvious variation in tracheid length among these families and within some families.
On the production of anorexic plan diagrams (2007)

A "plan diagram" is a pictorial enumeration of the execution plan choices of a database query optimizer over the relational selectivity space. We have shown recently that, for industrial-strength database engines, these diagrams are often remarkably complex and dense, with a large number of plans covering the space. However, they can often be reduced to much simpler pictures, featuring significantly fewer plans, without materially affecting the query processing quality. Plan reduction has useful implications for the design and usage of query optimizers, including quantifying redundancy in the plan search space, enhancing useability of parametric query optimization, identifying error-resistant and least-expected-cost plans, and minimizing the overheads of multi-plan approaches.\nWe investigate here the plan reduction issue from theoretical, statistical and empirical perspectives. Our analysis shows that optimal plan reduction, w.r.t. minimizing the number of plans, is an NP-hard problem in general, and remains so even for a storage-constrained variant. We then present a greedy reduction algorithm with tight and optimal performance guarantees, whose complexity scales linearly with the number of plans in the diagram for a given resolution. Next, we devise fast estimators for locating the best tradeoff between the reduction in plan cardinality and the impact on query processing quality. Finally, extensive experimentation with a suite of multi-dimensional TPCH-based query templates on industrial-strength optimizers demonstrates that complex plan diagrams easily reduce to "anorexic" (small absolute number of plans) levels incurring only marginal increases in the estimated query processing costs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Oxidation of the 3‐Methyl Group of Carbazole Alkaloids. (1987)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 26 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Oxidation of the 3-Methyl Group of Carbazole Alkaloids. B. K. CHOWDHURY, B. K. CHOWDHURY Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. HIRANI, S. K. HIRANI Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorA. MUSTAPHA, A. MUSTAPHA Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorP. BHATTACHARYYA, P. BHATTACHARYYA Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this author B. K. CHOWDHURY, B. K. CHOWDHURY Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. HIRANI, S. K. HIRANI Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorA. MUSTAPHA, A. MUSTAPHA Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorP. BHATTACHARYYA, P. BHATTACHARYYA Dep. Mat. Sci., Univ. Electro-Commun., Chofu, Tokyo 182, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 30, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198726313AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue26June 30, 1987 RelatedInformation
Design of low rank estimators for higher-order statistics based on the second-order statistics (2003)

Higher-order statistics (HOS) are well known for their robustness to additive Gaussian noise and their ability to preserve phase. HOS estimates on the other hand, have been criticised for high complexity and the need of long data in order to maintain low variance. Rank reduction offers a general principle for reduction of estimator variance and complexity. In this paper we consider the problem of designing low-rank estimators for third-order statistics (TOS). We propose a method for choosing the rank reduced transformation matrix based on the second-order statistics of the signal. Results indicate that the proposed approach significantly reduces the mean square error associated with the TOS estimates. Simulation results are presented to also demonstrate the advantages of using low rank TOS estimates for blind system estimation.
Soluble interleukin‐2 receptor serum level as a predictor of locoregional control and survival for patients with head and neck carcinoma (1997)

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and follow-up of head and neck carcinoma patients are based exclusively on clinical staging, which cannot always predict clinical outcome accurately. Because oral squamous cell carcinomas produce interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and express IL-2 receptors, the authors assessed the prognostic value of the serum levels of these markers. METHODS Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, soluble IL-2 receptors (s-IL-2-R), and acute phase proteins were measured at the time of diagnosis in a prospective study of 85 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The influence of each clinical and laboratory parameter on locoregional control and survival was analyzed. RESULTS At presentation, a relationship was observed between advanced tumor (T) classification and high serum levels of CRP (P = 0.0015) and s-IL-2-R (P < 0.05). A high lymph node (N) classification was significantly associated with elevated serum IL-6 (P = 0.01) and CRP levels (P = 0.0002). In the univariate analysis, T classification, N classification, performance status, Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index, and serum s-IL-2-R level were significantly correlated with both locoregional control and survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the only significant prognostic factors related independently to locoregional control were N classification (P = 0.02) and serum s-IL-2-R level (P = 0.02). In a Cox multivariate analysis, serum s-IL-2-R level was found to be the most predictive factor of survival (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that serum s-IL-2-R level at the time of diagnosis represents a new independent prognostic variable for predicting the risk of locoregional recurrence and survival for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 79:1401-8. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Spatio-Temporal Progression of Grey and White Matter Damage Following Contusion Injury in Rat Spinal Cord (2010)

Cellular mechanisms of secondary damage progression following spinal cord injury remain unclear. We have studied the extent of tissue damage from 15 min to 10 weeks after injury using morphological and biochemical estimates of lesion volume and surviving grey and white matter. This has been achieved by semi-quantitative immunocytochemical methods for a range of cellular markers, quantitative counts of white matter axonal profiles in semi-thin sections and semiquantitative Western blot analysis, together with behavioural tests (BBB scores, ledged beam, random rung horizontal ladder and DigiGait TM analysis). We have developed a new computer-controlled electronic impactor based on a linear motor that allows specification of the precise nature, extent and timing of the impact. Initial (15 min) lesion volumes showed very low variance (1.9260.23 mm 3 , mean6SD, n = 5). Although substantial tissue clearance continued for weeks after injury, loss of grey matter was rapid and complete by 24 hours, whereas loss of white matter extended up to one week. No change was found between one and 10 weeks after injury for almost all morphological and biochemical estimates of lesion size or behavioural methods. These results suggest that previously reported apparent ongoing injury progression is likely to be due, to a large extent, to clearance of tissue damaged by the primary impact rather than continuing cell death. The low variance of the impactor and the comprehensive assessment methods described in this paper provide an improved basis on which the effects of potential treatment regimes for spinal cord injury can be assessed.
A device architecture for computing with quantum dots (1997)

We describe a paradigm for computing with interacting quantum dots, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). We show how arrays of quantum-dot cells could be used to perform useful computations. A new adiabatic switching paradigm is developed which permits clocked control, eliminates metastability problems, and enables a pipelined architecture.
A Topical Microbicide Gel Formulation of CCR5 Antagonist Maraviroc Prevents HIV-1 Vaginal Transmission in Humanized RAG-hu Mice (2011)

For prevention of HIV infection many currently licensed anti-HIV drugs and new ones in the pipeline show potential as topically applied microbicides. While macaque models have been the gold standard for in vivo microbicide testing, they are expensive and sufficient numbers are not available. Therefore, a small animal model that facilitates rapid evaluation of potential candidates for their preliminary efficacy is urgently needed in the microbicide field. We previously demonstrated that RAG-hu humanized mouse model permits HIV-1 mucosal transmission via both vaginal and rectal routes and that oral pre-exposure chemo-prophylactic strategies could be tested in this system. Here in these proof-of-concept studies, we extended this system for topical microbicide testing using HIV-1 as the challenge virus. Maraviroc, a clinically approved CCR5 inhibitor drug for HIV treatment, was formulated as a microbicide gel at 5 mM concentration in 2.2% hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. Female RAG-hu mice were challenged vaginally with HIV-1 an hour after intravaginal application of the maraviroc gel. Our results showed that maraviroc gel treated mice were fully protected against vaginal HIV-1 challenge in contrast to placebo gel treated mice which all became infected. These findings highlight the utility of the humanized mouse models for microbicide testing and, together with the recent data from macaque studies, suggest that maraviroc is a promising candidate for future microbicide clinical trials in the field.