gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft wearable motion sensing suit for lower limb biomechanics measurements (2013)

Motion sensing has played an important role in the study of human biomechanics as well as the entertainment industry. Although existing technologies, such as optical or inertial based motion capture systems, have relatively high accuracy in detecting body motions, they still have inherent limitations with regards to mobility and wearability. In this paper, we present a soft motion sensing suit for measuring lower extremity joint motion. The sensing suit prototype includes a pair of elastic tights and three hyperelastic strain sensors. The strain sensors are made of silicone elastomer with embedded microchannels filled with conductive liquid. To form a sensing suit, these sensors are attached at the hip, knee, and ankle areas to measure the joint angles in the sagittal plane. The prototype motion sensing suit has significant potential as an autonomous system that can be worn by individuals during many activities outside the laboratory, from running to rock climbing. In this study we characterize the hyperelastic sensors in isolation to determine their mechanical and electrical responses to strain, and then demonstrate the sensing capability of the integrated suit in comparison with a ground truth optical motion capture system. Using simple calibration techniques, we can accurately track joint angles and gait phase. Our efforts result in a calculated trade off: with a maximum error less than 8%, the sensing suit does not track joints as accurately as optical motion capture, but its wearability means that it is not constrained to use only in a lab.
Literature in the High School French Class. (1986)

A new species of the genus Phyllodytes is described from the State of Bahia, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Phyllodytes praeceptor sp. nov. can be differentiated from other species of Phyllodytes by its medium size (SVL 20.7-25.8 mm in males); odontoids moderately developed; vocal sac externally visible; eyes large and prominent; dorsum homogenously cream, except for a few scattered spots and blotches; venter areolate with two parallel, paramedial lines of larger tubercles; few tubercles in the ventral surface of thighs, the largest being the medial one; a large tubercle on the skin around the tibio-tarsal articulation; nuptial pad rounded and moderately expanded.
Automated generation of software testing path based on ant colony (2015)

Software testing is one of the expensive and time consuming processes and many studies have been conducted to facilitate and perform it automatically. One of the most important topics in software testing is developing the test path to generated test data and coverage of the generated path. Optimization methods can be used to solve the problem of path testing. Heuristic search methods especially evolutionary algorithms are cost savings and can be effective in the automated generation of test paths. One of the most important challenges in the development of path tests is lack of full coverage of defined nodes and ignoring the important parameters of user. In this study, a solution is proposed based on ant colony optimization algorithm and model-based testing to develop test paths faster with maximum coverage and minimum time and cost. The model in this study is based on Markov chain. The results obtained from Markov chain are good choices for studying the viability of the testing process while developing them. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm has shown better performance compared to existing methods in terms of cost, coverage, time and parameters of user.
The Value of the Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Anemia (1988)

• Certain clinical findings, such as pallor of the conjunctivae, nail beds, lips, oral mucosa, and palmar creases have traditionally been used by physicians in the diagnosis of anemia. We prospectively examined 50 patients to determine whether there was any correlation between these clinical findings and hemoglobin concentration. We noted a statistically significant correlation between hemoglobin concentration and the following: color tint of the lower eyelid conjunctiva, nail-bed rubor, nail-bed blanching, and palmar crease rubor. Results from our study support the contention that the presence and degree of anemia can be estimated clinically by careful physical examination. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1988;148:831-832)
Resistance of a human serum-selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape mutant to neutralization by CD4 binding site monoclonal antibodies is conferred by a single amino acid change in gp120 (1993)

We have selected an HXB2 variant which can replicate in the presence of a neutralizing human serum. Sequencing of the gp120 region of the env gene from the variant and parental viruses identified a single amino acid substitution in the third conserved region of gp120 at residue 375 (AGT-->AAT, Ser-->Asn; designated 375 S/N). The escape mutant was found to be resistant to neutralization by soluble CD4 (sCD4) and four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 39.13g, 1.5e, G13, and 448, binding to epitopes overlapping that of the CD4 binding site (CD4 b.s.). Introduction of the 375 S/N mutation into HXB2 by site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that this mutation is responsible for the neutralization-resistant phenotype. Both sCD4 and three of the CD4 b.s. MAbs (39.13g, 1.5e, and G13) demonstrated reduced binding to the native 375 S/N mutant gp120. The ability to select for an escape variant resistant to multiple independent CD4 b.s. MAbs by a human serum confirms the reports that antibodies to the discontinuous CD4 b.s. are a major component of the group-specific neutralizing activity in human sera.
Malate Dehydrogenases (1967)

Abstract The apparent pH optimum of oxalacetate reduction by the malate dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis changed from pH 9.0 to pH 6.0 during the three crystallizations required to achieve maximal specific activity. The change was apparently due to an alteration in the substrate inhibition characteristics of the enzyme. The degree of substrate inhibition at a given oxalacetate concentration was dependent upon the pH of the assay mixture, and was greater for the than for the crystallized preparations at each pH value studied. In the presence of excess oxalacetate at pH 9.0, the impure enzyme exhibited slight substrate inhibition, while the crystallized enzyme exhibited augmented activity with an increase in oxalacetate concentration. Some differences were also observed between the two forms with respect to their reactions with coenzyme analogues and malate. Conditions leading to unfolding or dissociation or both of the protein brought about transient changes in the substrate inhibition properties of the impure enzyme, but did not alter these characteristics of the crystallized enzyme. No conditions were found which would permanently convert either form of the enzyme into the other. The spectrum of an abortive ternary complex formed by the crystallized enzyme with oxidized substrate (oxalacetate) and oxidized cofactor (acetylpyridine analogue of diphosphopyridine nucleotide) is also presented.
Factors Affecting "Ghosting" In Time-Multiplexed Piano-Stereoscopic Crt Display Systems (1987)

Two factors contributing to "ghosting" (image doubling) in plano-stereoscopic CRT displays are phosphor decay and dynamic range of the shutters. A ghosting threshold must be crossed before comfortable fusion can take place. The ghosting threshold changes as image brightness increases and with higher-contrast subjects and those with larger parallax values. Because of the defects of existing liquid crystal shutters, we developed a liquid-crystal shutter with high dynamic range, good transmission, and high speed. With these shutters, residual ghosting is a result of phosphor persistence.
The Functional Diversity of Epidermal Keratins Revealed by the Partial Rescue of the Keratin 14 Null Phenotype by Keratin 16 (1999)

The type I epidermal keratins K14 and K16 are remarkably similar at the primary sequence level. While a structural function has been clearly defined for K14, we have proposed that a function of K16 may be to play a role in the process of keratinocyte activation that occurs after acute injury to stratified epithelia. To compare directly the functions of the two keratins we have targeted the expression of the human K16 cDNA to the progenitor basal layer of the epidermis of K14 null mice. Mice null for K14 blister extensively and die approximately 2 d after birth (Lloyd, C., Q.C. Yu, J. Cheng, K. Turksen, L. Degenstein, E. Hutton, and E. Fuchs. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1329-1344). The skin of mice expressing K16 in the absence of K14 developed normally without evidence of blistering. However, as the mice aged they featured extensive alopecia, chronic epidermal ulcers in areas of frequent physical contact, and alterations in other stratified epithelia. Mice expressing a control K16-C14 cDNA also rescue the blistering phenotype of the K14 null mice with only a small percentage exhibiting minor alopecia. While K16 is capable of rescuing the blistering, phenotypic complementation in the resulting skin is incomplete due to the multiple age dependent anomalies. Despite their high sequence similarity, K16 and K14 are not functionally equivalent in the epidermis and other stratified epithelia and it is primarily the carboxy-terminal approximately 105 amino acids of K16 that define these differences.
A Receiver for Measuring Angle-of-Arrival in a Complex Wave (1951)

Since November, 1945, the Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory of the University of Texas has been engaged in making propagation measurements of 3.2-cm waves. Results of some of these tests have been published, but a description of the equipment used has not been generally available. This paper describes the latest arrangement of the phase-difference receivers, modifications of which were used in the tests previously described. This receiver provides data for separating two waves received simultaneously by means of signal-strength and phase-difference data received at three points. It is possible to measure phase difference between two 3.2-cm signals to an accuracy of 5° over a signal-strength range of 70 db and a signal-strength ratio between channels as high as 20 db. Absolute signal strength is measured to within 1 db, while relative signal strength is measured to 0.5 db.
Physically restricted authentication with trusted hardware (2009)

Modern computer systems permit users to access protected information from remote locations. In certain secure environments, it would be desirable to restrict this access to a particular computer or set of computers. Existing solutions of machine-level authentication are undesirable for two reasons. First, they do not allow fine-grained application layer access decisions. Second, they are vulnerable to insider attacks in which a trusted administrator acts maliciously.
Degradation of the Side Chain of (−)‐Sclareol: A Very Short Synthesis of <i>nor</i>‐Ambreinolide and Ambrox (2004)

Abstract The synthesis of nor‐Ambreinolide (8) from (‐)‐sclareol (1) was carried out by treatment with KMnO4‐Ac2O and further alkaline hydrolysis. 8 was directly transformed into (‐)‐ambrox (11) by reduction with metal borohydride in the presence of Lewis acids.
Thermionic Emission, Field Emission, and the Transition Region (1956)

Although the theories of thermionic and field emission of electrons from metals are very well understood, the two types of emission have usually been studied separately by first specifying the range of temperature and field and then constructing the appropriate expression for the current. In this paper the emission is treated from a unified point of view in order to establish the ranges of temperature and field for the two types of emission and to investigate the current in the region intermediate between thermionic and field emission. A general expression for the emitted current as a function of field, temperature, and work function is set up in the form of a definite integral. Each type of emission is then associated with a technique for approximating the integral and with a characteristic dependence on the three parameters. An approximation for low fields and high temperatures leads to an extension of the Richardson-Schottky formula for thermionic emission. The values of temperature and field for which it applies are established by considering the validity of the approximation. An analogous treatment of the integral, for high fields and low temperatures, gives an extension of the Fowler-Nordheim formula for field emission, and establishes the region of temperature and field in which it applies. Also another approximate method for evaluating the integral is given which leads to a new type of dependence of the emitted current on temperature and field and which applies in a narrow region of temperature and field intermediate between the field and thermionic emission regions.
Pharmacokinetics and erythropoietic response to human recombinant erythropoietin in healthy men (1990)

To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and erythropoietic responses to human recombinant erythropoietin (epoetin beta), single intravenous doses (10, 50, 150, and 500 IU/kg) were administered at monthly intervals to 16 healthy subjects in a two-panel, placebo-controlled, double-blind ascending-dose trial. A 1000 IU/kg dose was subsequently administered in an open manner. Epoetin concentrations were determined in serum and urine by radioimmunoassay. Reticulocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were serially measured after each dose. Mean epoetin apparent half-lives ranged from 4.42 to 11.02 hours. The apparent volume of distribution was between 40 and 90 ml/kg, consistent with plasma water, and the apparent clearance values ranged from 4 to 15 ml/kg/hr, with both parameters having the highest values at the 10 IU/kg dose level. Clearance tended to decrease as a function of dose. Maximum reticulocyte counts were dose-dependent and occurred 3 to 4 days after the epoetin dose. Epoetin was well tolerated, and no antibodies were detected.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Eleven Aromatic Compounds to Methane (1979)

A range of 11 simple aromatic lignin derivatives are biodegradable to methane and carbon dioxide under strict anaerobic conditions. A serum-bottle modification of the Hungate technique for growing anaerobes was used for methanogenic enrichments on vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, catechol, protocatechuic acid, phenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and syringaldehyde. Microbial populations acclimated to a particular aromatic substrate can be simultaneously acclimated to other selected aromatic substrates. Carbon balance measurements made on vanillic and ferulic acids indicate that the aromatic ring was cleaved and that the amount of methane produced from these substrates closely agrees with calculated stoichiometric values. These data suggest that more than half of the organic carbon of these aromatic compounds potentially can be converted to methane gas and that this type of methanogenic conversion of simple aromatics may not be uncommon.
Aluminum Plasmonics Based Highly Transmissive Polarization-Independent Subtractive Color Filters Exploiting a Nanopatch Array (2014)

Nanophotonic devices enabled by aluminum plasmonics are saliently advantageous in terms of their low cost, outstanding sustainability, and affordable volume production. We report, for the first time, aluminum plasmonics based highly transmissive polarization-independent subtractive color filters, which are fabricated just with single step electron-beam lithography. The filters feature selective suppression in the transmission spectra, which is realized by combining the propagating and nonpropagating surface plasmons mediated by an array of opaque and physically thin aluminum nanopatches. A broad palette of bright, high-contrast subtractive colors is successfully demonstrated by simply varying the pitches of the nanopatches. These subtractive color filters have twice the photon throughput of additive counterparts, ultimately providing elevated optical transmission and thus stronger color signals. Moreover, the filters are demonstrated to conspicuously feature a dual-mode operation, both transmissive and reflective, in conjunction with a capability to exhibit micron-scale colors in arbitrary shapes. They are anticipated to be diversely applied to digital display, digital imaging, color printing, and sensing.
Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns of Bacterial Genomes Using the Self-Organizing Map (2001)

Codon usage varies both between organisms and between different genes in the same organism. This observation has been used as a basis for earlier work in identifying highly expressed and horizontally transferred genes in Escherichia coli. In this work, we applied Kohonen's self-organizing map to analysis of the codon usage pattern of the Escherichia coli, Aquifex aeolicus, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Haemophilus influenzae RD:, Methanococcus jannaschii, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and Pyrococcus horikoshii genomes for evidence of highly expressed genes and horizontally transferred genes. All of the analyzed genomes had a clear category of horizontally transferred genes, and their apparent percentages ranged from 7.7% to 21.4%. The apparent percentage of highly expressed genes ranges from 0% to 11.8%. A clustering of average codon usage of main gene categories of the seven genomes showed an interesting mixing of gene classes in four thermophilic/hyperthermophilic organisms, A. aeolicus, A. fulgidus, M. thermoautotrophicum, and P. horikoshii, which suggests possible origins of their horizontally transferred genes as well as the need for adaptation to a specific environment. Further classification of the three gene categories in E. coli and H. influenzae according to gene function revealed that genes involved in communication (such as regulation and cell process) and structure (cell structure and structural proteins) are more likely to be horizontally transferred than are genes involved in information (transcription, translation, and related processes) and in some groups of energy (such as energy metabolism and carbon compound catabolism).
Ellagitannins of the fruit rind of pomegranate (Punica granatum) antagonize in vitro the host inflammatory response mechanisms involved in the onset of malaria (2010)

The beneficial effect of the fruit rind of Punica granatum for the treatment of malarial disease may be attributed to the anti-parasitic activity and the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms involved in the onset of cerebral malaria.
Quantitative health risk assessment (1992)

Environmental regulatory agencies worldwide have traditionally used 'end-of-pipe' strategies to minimise environmental pollution. These have frequently proven ineffective in satisfying society's demands to identify and minimize human health impacts of pollutants. Disagreements exist over the standards for environmental contaminants because societal, and often regulatory agency, perceptions of priorities may differ from priorities ranked by strict scientific analysis (Reilly 1991). The approach is currently being replaced in the United States, and in Australia and elsewhere, by Health Risk Assessment. This fundamentally involves combining an estimation of the toxicity or hazard-potential of a given pollutant with an estimate of the likely human exposure or intake for any given situation. The strategy aims to prioritize pollutants based on the relative human health impacts. In this way, the most dangerous matters may be dealt with more urgently within a framework of limited financial resources. The Health Risk Assessment also allows scientific consideration of the options available to minimize health impacts.
Visualization of frequency-modulated electric field based on photonic frequency tracking in asynchronous electro-optic measurement system (2018)

We propose a new asynchronous measurement system to visualize the amplitude and phase distribution of a frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave. The system consists of three parts: a nonpolarimetric electro-optic frequency down-conversion part, a phase-noise-canceling part, and a frequency-tracking part. The photonic local oscillator signal generated by electro-optic phase modulation is controlled to track the frequency of the radio frequency (RF) signal to significantly enhance the measurable RF bandwidth. We demonstrate amplitude and phase measurement of a quasi-millimeter-wave frequency-modulated continuous-wave signal (24 GHz ± 80 MHz with a 2.5 ms period) as a proof-of-concept experiment.
The Tissue-Specific Nuclear Matrix Protein, NMP-2, Is a Member of the AML/PEBP2/Runt Domain Transcription Factor Family: Interactions with the Osteocalcin Gene Promoter (1995)

The nuclear matrix protein, NMP-2, was originally identified as an osteoblast-specific DNA-binding complex localized exclusively to the nuclear matrix. NMP-2 was shown to recognize two binding sites, site A (nt-605 to -599) and site B (nt -441 to -435), in the rat bone-specific osteocalcin gene promoter. This study shows that the NMP-2 binding sites A and B as well as a third NMP-2 binding site (nt -135 to -130) constitute a consensus sequence, ATGCTGGT, and represent an AML-1 recognition motif. AML-1 is a member of the AML transcription factor family which is associated with acute myelogenous leukemia and binds to the sequence TGCTGGT via its DNA-binding runt domain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays reveal that a component of NMP-2 is a member of the AML/PEBP2/runt domain transcription factor family based on cross-competition with AML-1 consensus oligonucleotide. Limited immunoreactivity of NMP-2 with a polyclonal N-terminal AML-1 antibody and inability of the AML-1 partner protein CBF-beta to form complexes with NMP-2 indicate that NMP-2 is not identical to AML-1 but represents a variant AML/PEBP2/runt domain protein. Western and Northern blots reveal the presence of multiple AML-related proteins and AML-1 transcripts in several osseous cell lines. Furthermore, our results indicate that AML family members may selectively partition between nuclear matrix and nonmatrix compartments. Because proteins that contain a runt domain are implicated in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation, our results support the concept that the nuclear matrix mediates osteoblast-specific expression of the osteocalcin gene.
EKF with PSO technique for delineation of P and T wave in electrocardiogram(ECG) signal (2015)

The automated detection and delineation of P and T waves in an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a challenging task in biomedical signal processing community, because of its low amplitude, high gradient of noise and lack of universal delineation rule. In this paper, we have investigated the effectiveness of particle swarm optimization (PSO) with extended Kalman filter (EKF) in order to detect and delineate P and T wave in an ECG. PSO is used for selection of optimized parameters which are required to model the ECG signal and also to initialize parameters of EKF. EKF frame work is used to denoise the raw ECG signal and to detect the peak of P and T wave. Finally square operation is used for delineation of P and T wave. Our algorithm has been successfully verified using one realtime ECG database namely QT database.