gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
9.4-W/mm Power Density AlGaN–GaN HEMTs on Free-Standing GaN Substrates (2004)

High power microwave AlGaN-GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on free-standing GaN substrates are demonstrated for the first time. Measured gate leakage was -2.2 μA/mm at -20 V and -10 μA/mm at -45 V gate bias. When operated at a drain bias of 50 V, devices showed a record continuous-wave output power density of 9.4 W/mm at 10 GHz with an associated power-added efficiency of 40%. Long-term stability of device RF operation was also examined. Under room conditions, devices driven at 25 V and 3-dB gain compression remained stable in 200 h, degrading only by 0.18 dB in output power. Such results illustrate the potential of GaN substrate technology in supporting reliable, high performance AlGaN-GaN HEMTs for microwave power applications.
<title>Plasma discharge replacement for argon candles</title> (1999)

This paper reports on the progress made in developing a practical illumination system to replace argon candles. The basic concept--inexpensive, disposable, modular, surface discharge lamps that provide a flexible illumination geometry and which can be sized to match the impedance of the pulse forming network (PFN)--was described in the previous paper. Since then, the pulse shape and energy output have been measured for the complete system for the three different 19 kJ PFNs, having characteristics times of 70 microsecond(s) , 200 microsecond(s) , and 1 ms. Exposure tests confirmed that the illumination level is sufficient for color photography at 2 Mfps with a Cordin 330A and for 10 ns exposures with an IMACON 468. As the illumination source for plate fragmentation tests using live explosives, the system created `high quality images' and proved to be a useful tool that was easily integrated into the test procedure. The laboratory demonstration system has since been converted into a production model that has been installed in an instrumentation van at Eglin AFB to provide illumination at various ranges.
A Negatively Acting Bifunctional RNA Increases <i>Survival Motor Neuron</i> Both <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2008)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder and is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). In humans, a nearly identical copy gene is present called SMN2, but this gene cannot compensate for the loss of SMN1 because of a single silent nucleotide difference in SMN2 exon 7. This single-nucleotide difference attenuates an exonic splice enhancer, resulting in the production of an alternatively spliced isoform lacking exon 7, which is essential for protein function. SMN2, however, is a critical disease modifier and is an outstanding target for therapeutic intervention because all SMA patients retain SMN2 and SMN2 maintains the same coding sequence as SMN1. Therefore, compounds or molecules that increase SMN2 exon 7 inclusion hold great promise for SMA therapeutics. Bifunctional RNAs have been previously used to increase SMN protein levels and derive their name from the presence of two domains: an antisense RNA sequence specific to the target RNA and an untethered RNA segment that serves as a binding platform for splicing factors. This study was designed to develop negatively acting bifunctional RNAs that recruit hnRNPA1 to exon 8 and block the general splicing machinery from the exon 8. By blocking the downstream splice site, this could competitively favor the inclusion of SMN exon 7 and therefore increase full-length SMN production. Here we identify a bifunctional RNA that stimulated full-length SMN expression in a variety of cell-based assays including SMA patient fibroblasts. Importantly, this molecule was also able to induce SMN expression in a previously described mouse model of SMA and demonstrates a novel therapeutic approach for SMA as well as a variety of diseases caused by a defect in splicing.
Bad investments - when to stop and why it's so hard : investing (2015)

So often, even when an investment vehicle is underperforming, we choose to stay invested. Sometimes, investors even increase their investment to try and recoup their losses, despite clear, rational reasons as to why they should rather cut their losses and move on.
Catalyst Forming (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction The Physico‐Chemical Background of Forming Processes Spray Drying The Spray‐Drying Process Atomizers A Rotary Atomizers B Hydraulic Nozzles C Two‐fluid Atomizers Dryer Configuration Extrusion Basic Considerations Equipment Paste Composition and Additives A Water Content B Peptization Agents C Binders D Plasticizers E Lubricants F Porogens Drying and Calcination Tableting Basic Considerations Equipment Formulation of the Feed Granulation Basic Considerations Equipment A The Granulation Pan B The Granulation Drum Miscellaneous Techniques Oil Drop Coagulation Pastillation Coating of Preshaped Bodies Perspectives
Role of mild cleansing in the management of patient skin (2004)

Routine everyday care of skin is an essential part of optimal patient management. Common problems such as xerosis, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, and photodamage leave the skin vulnerable to external insults, partly as a result of varying levels of barrier dysfunction. Cosmetic surgery procedures also typically damage the stratum corneum (SC) and leave skin with a very weak barrier during recovery phase. Cleansing is an important aspect of any skin care, since it not only removes unwanted dirt, soil, and bacteria from skin, but also removes dead surface cells, preparing skin to better absorb topically applied drugs/medication. Care must be taken to minimize any further weakening of the SC barrier during cleansing. Cleansers based on mild synthetic surfactants and/or emollients that cause minimal barrier perturbation are ideal for these patients. The present paper is a brief review of four clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and compatibility of either mild syndet bars or cleansers in patients with atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, or patients who had received chemical peels or Retin-A(R) (tretinoin) treatment for sustained photodamage.
Lyme disease. (2015)

Lyme disease (Borreliosis), also called the "disease of 1000 faces", is produced by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by the Ixodes tick. The clinical picture is non-specific and polymorph, with multisystemic involvement. Diagnosis is most often one of exclusion, and certain diagnosis is based on the presence of Borellia antibodies. The treatment is done differently depending on the stage of the disease and the severity of injuries, being used antibiotics like Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin or Penicillin. Under treatment the disease quickly heals without sequel, in the early stages, but advanced stages are usually resistant to treatment and chronic injuries can occur. Symptoms get worse without treatment and become chronic. We present the case of a woman of 66-year-old with a complex history of disease, which began one year prior to admission, through multiple and nonspecific symptoms; she presented herself in numerous medical services (gastroenterology, rheumatology--where an immunosuppressive treatment was initiated, hematology) without determining a final diagnosis. She was admitted in our service with altered general state and worsening symptoms, predominantly fever, muscle pain, joint pain, the patient being immobilized in bed. After multiple investigations and the problem of differential diagnosis with multiple pathologies, we finally established the diagnosis of Lyme disease. The peculiarities of the case are represented by the severity of the clinical manifestations and fulminant disease evolution under the unjustified administration of immunosuppressive treatment, and atypical joint involvement regarding localization and evolution that raised the issue of differential diagnosis with osteosarcoma or bone tuberculosis.
A prospective randomized comparison of levonorgestrel with the Yuzpe regimen in post-coital contraception (1993)

A prospective randomized study was conducted at the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong to compare the efficacy of the Yuzpe regimen and levonorgestrel (0.75 mg for two doses 12 h apart) in post-coital contraception. A total of 424 subjects were recruited into the Yuzpe group and 410 subjects into the levonorgestrel group; 77 subjects in the Yuzpe group and 79 subjects in the levonorgestrel group had further acts of intercourse during the treatment cycle. Fifteen pregnancies (3.5%) occurred in the Yuzpe group and 12 pregnancies (2.9%) in the levonorgestrel group. After excluding the patients who had further acts of intercourse, the failure rates in the Yuzpe group and the levonorgestrel group were 2.6 and 2.4% respectively. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and fatigue in the Yuzpe group was significantly higher than those in the levonorgestrel group. We conclude that levonorgestrel is an effective drug for post-coital contraception with a lower incidence of side-effects than the Yuzpe regimen.
Endogenous expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 calcium channels in human leukemia K562 cells (2009)

In blood cells, changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) are associated with multiple cellular events, including activation of cellular kinases and phosphatases, degranulation, regulation of cytoskeleton binding proteins, transcriptional control, and modulation of surface receptors. Although there is no doubt as to the significance of Ca(2+) signaling in blood cells, there is sparse knowledge about the molecular identities of the plasmalemmal Ca(2+) permeable channels that control Ca(2+) fluxes across the plasma membrane and mediate changes in [Ca(2+)](i) in blood cells. Using RNA expression analysis, we have shown that human leukemia K562 cells endogenously coexpress transient receptor potential vanilloid channels type 5 (TRPV5) and type 6 (TRPV6) mRNAs. Moreover, we demonstrated that TRPV5 and TRPV6 channel proteins are present in both the total lysates and the crude membrane preparations from leukemia cells. Immunoprecipitation revealed that a physical interaction between TRPV5 and TRPV6 may take place. Single-channel patch-clamp experiments demonstrated the presence of inwardly rectifying monovalent currents that displayed kinetic characteristics of unitary TRPV5 and/or TRPV6 currents and were blocked by extracellular Ca(2+) and ruthenium red. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that human myeloid leukemia cells coexpress functional TRPV5 and TRPV6 calcium channels that may interact with each other and contribute into intracellular Ca(2+) signaling.
The influence of hyaluronic acid on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and the relationship with ezrin/merlin expression (2011)

It has been established that hyaluronic acid (HA) glycans (nHA) and oligosaccharide (oHA) exert different effects on the biological function of the vascular endothelial cell (EC), resulting in altered regulation of angiogenesis. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Our study focused on the effects of nHA and oHA on the ezrin and merlin proteins in EC. The expression of ezrin and merlin was silenced by siRNA, and the regulation on EC growth as well as the mRNA expression and activation (phosphorylation) of ezrin and merlin stimulated by oHA and nHA was investigated. The results revealed that when treated with nHA, there was no significant change in ezrin expression or activation. After being treated with oHA, the expression and activation of ezrin were definitively increased whereas there were no obvious changes in merlin expression (including its phosphorylation). With ezrin expression silenced, the expression of merlin as well as its phosphorylation levels in nHA-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells were notably elevated, while there was no significant change induced by oHA. With merlin expression silenced, no obvious change was found in the expression of ezrin (including its phosphorylation) induced by nHA. Conversely, the expression of ezrin and its activation was significantly improved after being treated with oHA. The results suggest that the mechanism for the promotion of EC proliferation by oHA is likely related to the expression and activation of ezrin, and the inhibition of EC proliferation by nHA is likely related to the expression and activation of merlin.
Versatile 3′ Functionalization of CRISPR Single Guide RNA (2020)

Specific applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing systems benefit from chemical modifications of the sgRNA. Herein we describe a versatile and efficient strategy for functionalization of the 3'-end of a sgRNA. An exemplary collection of six chemically modified sgRNAs was prepared containing crosslinkers, a fluorophore and biotin. Modification of the sgRNA 3'-end was broadly tolerated by Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 in an in vitro DNA cleavage assay. The 3'-biotinylated sgRNA was used as an affinity reagent to identify IGF2BP1, YB1 and hnRNP K as sgRNA-binding proteins present in HEK293T cells. Overall, the modification strategy presented here has the potential to expand on current applications of CRISPR/Cas systems.
The unique properties of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTThe unique properties of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chlorideNorman Kharasch Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 11, 585Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1956Published inissue 1 November 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p585RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Abuse, Drugs, and Crime: Pathways to a Vicious Cycle (1998)

“Our silence is the real crime, whether it's about battering, abuse in the penal system, legal abuse, sexism, racism, or any injustice. When women begin to take action, make decisions, and set directions, they will change those conditions that violate us physically and emotionally and socially. Intervention is the key—when acted on, it shows love and concern for one's self and other human beings; that will influence attitudes. Intervention states that violence and injustice against women is not accepted and won't be tolerated in any form.” Volunteer at an inmates’ self-help group for battered and formerly battered women (Bauschard and Kimbrough, 1986)
Amino acid metabolism in liver disease (1999)

The impairment of transsulphuration during methionine degradation in hepatic failure can be counteracted by treatment with S-adenosylmethionine. Regarding the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, no convincing evidence exists for tryptophan, glutamine or glutamate being involved. Portal-systemic shunting-induced hyperammonaemia may reduce plasma branched-chain amino acids. The glucose effect on urea synthesis does not exist in cirrhosis.
The Stimulation of Uterine Blood Flow by Various Estrogens<sup>1</sup> (1974)

The response of the uterine vascular bed to various estrogens was investigated in nonpregnant, oophorectomized sheep utilizing electromagnetic flow probes chronically implanted around the uterine arteries. One M.g estradiol-β injected directly into the uterine artery produces a maximum flow response, approximately ten times baseline levels, which is reproducible on a daily basis for periods greater than 30 days. A family of dose response curves demonstrated the following potency for increasing uterine blood flow to 50% of maximum: estradiol-β > estriol > diethylstilbestrol > estradiol-17α > estrone > ent-estradiol- 17β. (Endocrinology94: 1192, 1974)
Advances in the medical management of skin and soft tissue infections (2016)

Skin and soft tissue infections are some of the most common infectious disease diagnoses in both inpatient and outpatient settings. With bacterial resistance to antimicrobials growing, decision making on empiric antibiotics is becoming increasingly difficult. Additionally, the most recent guidance from a professional society on the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections was published in 2014 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and is now two years old. New antimicrobial agents have been developed and approved for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections since then, and more are in the pipeline. This review summarizes the evidence on treatments that are new or in development and the potential repurposing of old antimicrobials. The clinical utility of these treatments is also discussed.
Middleware frameworks for location-based services: technologies and architectures (2005)

Tese de mestrado em Informática, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2005
[Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic separation of amino acids derivatized with 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate as a pre-column labeling reagent]. (2004)

2-(9-Carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) has been used for the pre-column derivatization of amino acids in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Nine amino acid standards (Ser, Thr, Gly, Glu, Asp, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe) were labeled with CEOC and separated in a buffer system containing 20 mmol/L borate-30 mmol/L sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) and 3% acetonitrile at pH 9.0 with an applied voltage of 18 kV and column temperature of 25 degrees C. The derivatives were detected at UV 214 nm. Under optimal conditions, this method offers a baseline separation for nine CEOC-derivatized amino acids within 14 min. The linearity range was from 0.025 to 0.25 mmol/L and the detection limits were from 2.15 to 2.46 micromol/L.
Sugar Transport (1973)

Factor III'"', a soluble, lactose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the Staphylococcus aureus
Dry etching of GaN substrates for high-quality homoepitaxy (1999)

Chemically assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE) was used to remove subsurface damage from polished GaN bulk substrates prior to growth. Subsequently, GaN layers were deposited by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Only the CAIBE-treated areas reveal a mirror-like surface without trenches, scratches, or holes. A dramatic increase of crystal quality is determined by low-temperature cathodoluminescence (CL). Compared to not CAIBE-treated material, the CL intensity is improved by a factor of 1000 and the linewidth is ten times narrower.
Age-related changes in the protective effect of chronic administration of l-arginine on post-ischemic recovery of endothelial function (2003)

Chronic oral administration of LA enhanced the post-ischemic recovery of vascular function in the young adult and adult hearts, but not in the infant and elderly.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2004)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is being increasingly recognized as a common liver disorder that represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, a variably defined aggregate of disorders related to obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of liver injury that carries a risk for progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a documented complication in an as yet unknown percentage of cases of NASH cirrhosis. The diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis requires histopathologic evaluation because the lesions of parenchymal injury and fibrosis cannot be detected by imaging studies or laboratory tests. This article will briefly discuss prevalence studies and the pathophysiology of NAFLD and focus on current discussions related to the specific lesions in the pathology of NASH, including the challenges of pediatric NASH and NASH-related cirrhosis.
Windows NT clustering blueprints (1997)

From the Publisher:
COPY: Windows NT Clustering Blueprints is your one-stop guide to understanding essential clustering concepts and implementations. With this easy-to-understand guide, you'll have all the information you need to take your clustering skills to new heights. Written by an industry expert with years of real-world experience, this in-depth resource takes you through the essentials of Windows NT clustering. You'll get extensive coverage of how Microsoft's Cluster Server operates, as well as how to build a cluster. Also covered are close looks at how a fail-over works, Windows NT Server, complex clusters, and clustering for competitive advantage. With its easy-to-follow approach, you will expand your knowledge of Windows NT clustering. BULLETS: - Gain a thorough understanding of clustering - Examine implementation issues such as programming for parallel environments - Get expert tips and advice on clustering for availability, scaleability, and competitive advantage - Master the intricacies of Microsoft's Cluster Server - Uncover the essentials of network-friendly clustering and cluster-friendly networking - Find out what hybridized clusters are and how to use them effectively - Learn how to build a new NT cluster as well as how to cluster an existing application
Approachably written, providing an introduction to the set of technologies that is encompassed by clustering
Provides an unbiased and non-marketing approach to the benefits, limitations and trade-offs of this branch of parallel computing
[Study on the internal control on polymerase chain reaction in Yersinia pestis detection]. (2005)

For the detection of Yersinia pestis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), internal control (IC) is required in order to prevent false negative results that might be caused by PCR inhibitors.F1 antigen was amplified by PCR with primer F1 and the PCR product of primer F1 were cloned with TOPO TA cloning Kit. The plasmid of positive clone was then digested with HpaI. The digested plasmid and the PCR products of 16S rRNA were ligated with T(4) DNA ligase before the ligated products were transformed. Isolate plasmid DNA on positive clone and its concentration were measured. Plasmid DNA on different concentration by PCR amplification with primer F1 was analyzed and the standard concentration of IC was determined.Constructing an IC by inserting a 16S rRNA amplicon to the original target DNA between the two primer F1 sites, the size was longer than the target DNA. The standard concentration of IC was determined.An optimal IC concentration to increase the reliability of the PCR assays might be used to prevent false negative results and appeared to be useful for detection of Yersinia pestis.