gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Power Applications (2010)

This chapter introduces the operation and control of a Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) system. The DFIG is currently the system of choice for multi-MW wind turbines. The aerodynamic system must be capable of operating over a wide wind speed range in order to achieve optimum aerodynamic efficiency by tracking the optimum tip-speed ratio. Therefore, the generator's rotor must be able to operate at a variable rotational speed. The DFIG system therefore operates in both sub-and super-synchronous modes with a rotor speed range around the synchronous speed. The stator circuit is directly connected to the grid while the rotor winding is connected via slip-rings to a three-phase converter. For variable-speed systems where the speed range requirements are small, for example 30% of synchronous speed, the DFIG offers adequate performance and is sufficient for the speed range required to exploit typical wind resources. An AC-DC-AC converter is included in the induction generator rotor circuit. The power electronic converters need only be rated to handle a fraction of the total power -the rotor power -typically about 30% nominal generator power. Therefore, the losses in the power electronic converter can be reduced, compared to a system where the converter has to handle the entire power, and the system cost is lower due to the partially-rated power electronics. This chapter will introduce the basic features and normal operation of DFIG systems for wind power applications basing the description on the standard induction generator. Different aspects that will be described include their variable-speed feature, power converters and their associated control systems, and application issues.
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease-2 in children with cancer (2011)

These results may indicate a role of MBL and MASP-2 in the initiation or progression of specific paediatric cancers, while other mechanisms remain possible as well. Larger, disease-specific studies are warranted for confirmation and for elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.
Bioactive Botanicals from Basil ( Ocimum sp. ) (1999)

it os t erol were de te rmi ned by c o lorimetry at various stages of plant growth a nd in vari ous o rgans o f th e mature pl ant. T he acid ic trit e rpene was absent from th e seeds and was found to increase in leaves a nd flowers with in c re asin g maturi ty .3 The French bas il culti vated in Jammu, I ndi a, con­ taine d sesqu iterpe nes, e u gano l, gera ni o l, lin a lool, meth ylchavicol, ocimene, eucalypto l, limonene , /), 3 carene, a-pinene, 1,8 c in eol, and oth e r compounds .4 Essential o il s of two chemotypes of Ocimum basili ­ cum (s weet basi l) grown in Israe l were e xamined. T he content of th e o il in creased toward s aut umn and reac hed , its maximum as th e pl ant developeJ and reached it s full b loom stage. 5 Eugeno l, lin a lool, a nd c ineol from fl avour volatil es of three O.basiiicum vari eti es from It a ly we re analysed by gas c hromatography- mass spectrometry (Ge/MS). Lina lool, e ucalypto l a nd eugenol were th e major vol atil es of Ge novese culti var, cis-3-hexeno l and c is-3-hexeny l acetate we re a lso observed. Napoletano was ri c h in lin a lool and estragol but lacked e ugenol. G reco bas il did not conta in estragole, and lin a lool bu t
WikipediaViz: Conveying article quality for casual Wikipedia readers (2010)

As Wikipedia has become one of the most used knowledge bases worldwide, the problem of the trustworthiness of the information it disseminates becomes central. With WikipediaViz, we introduce five visual indicators integrated to the Wikipedia layout that can keep casual Wikipedia readers aware of important metainformation about the articles they read. The design of WikipediaViz was inspired by two participatory design sessions with expert Wikipedia writers and sociologists who explained the clues they used to quickly assess the trustworthiness of articles. According to these results, we propose five metrics for Maturity and Quality assessment of Wikipedia articles and their accompanying visualizations to provide the readers with important clues about the editing process at a glance. We also report and discuss about the results of the user studies we conducted. Two preliminary pilot studies show that all our subjects trust Wikipedia articles almost blindly. With the third study, we show that WikipediaViz significantly reduces the time required to assess the quality of articles while maintaining a good accuracy.
Histologic multifocality of tis, T1–2 breast carcinomas implications for clinical trials of breast-conserving surgery (1985)

Breast cancer multifocality was studied in mastectomy specimens by correlated specimen radiography and histologic techniques. The patients chosen for study were comparable to those eligible for breast-conserving surgical therapy. Two study groups, one with 282 invasive cancers (T1-2) and the other with 32 intraductal cancers, were selected from a group of 399 consecutive cases by omitting patients who were clearly, or very probably, not candidates for breast-conserving surgical therapy according to current trial criteria. Omitted patients included those with clinically and/or radiologically multifocal cancers and patients with tumor extension into the chest wall or skin (7%). Also excluded were the so-called diffuse invasive cancers (8%), the clinically and radiologically occult tumors (3%), and the invasive cancers larger than 5 cm (3%). Of the 282 invasive cancers, 105 (37%) showed no tumor foci in the mastectomy specimen around the reference mass. In 56 (20%) tumor foci were present within 2 cm, and in 121 (43%) tumor was found more than 2 cm from the reference tumor. In 75 (27%) the tumor foci beyond 2 cm were histologically noninvasive cancers, and in 46 cases (16%) they contained invasive cancers as well. A comparison between the group with reference tumors less than 2 cm and the group with reference tumors more than 2 cm in size showed no significant difference between the groups in terms of presence or absence of tumor foci or distance of tumor foci from the reference tumor. If the 264 invasive cancers in this series that were 4 cm or less in diameter had been removed with a margin of 3 to 4 cm, 7% to 9% of the patients would have had invasive cancer left in the remaining breast tissue, and 4% to 9% would have had foci of noninvasive cancer left in the remaining breast tissue. On the basis of the data on the distribution of tumor at different distances from the reference tumor, the current study estimates the expected rates of local recurrences after breast-conserving surgical procedures relative to the extensiveness of the excision. The possible impact of postoperative local radiation therapy on the rates of expected local recurrence is discussed.
Characterization, Cryopreservation, and Ablation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Adult Rhesus Macaques (2007)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are at the foundation of mammalian spermatogenesis. Whereas rare A(single) spermatogonia comprise the rodent SSC pool, primate spermatogenesis arises from more abundant A(dark) and A(pale) spermatogonia, and the identity of the stem cell is subject to debate. The fundamental differences between these models highlight the need to investigate the biology of primate SSCs, which have greater relevance to human physiology. The alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, busulfan, ablates spermatogenesis in rodents and causes infertility in humans. We treated adult rhesus macaques with busulfan to gain insights about its effects on SSCs and spermatogenesis. Busulfan treatment caused acute declines in testis volume and sperm counts, indicating a disruption of spermatogenesis. One year following high-dose busulfan treatment, sperm counts remained undetectable, and testes were depleted of germ cells. Similar to rodents, rhesus spermatogonia expressed markers of germ cells (VASA, DAZL) and stem/progenitor spermatogonia (PLZF and GFRalpha1), and cells expressing these markers were depleted following high-dose busulfan treatment. Furthermore, fresh or cryopreserved germ cells from normal rhesus testes produced colonies of spermatogonia, which persisted as chains on the basement membrane of mouse seminiferous tubules in the primate to nude mouse xenotransplant assay. In contrast, testis cells from animals that received high-dose busulfan produced no colonies. These studies provide basic information about rhesus SSC activity and the impact of busulfan on the stem cell pool. In addition, the germ cell-depleted testis model will enable autologous/homologous transplantation to study stem cell/niche interactions in nonhuman primate testes.
Self-aligned thin film structures with 1000 Å resolution (1980)

A two-level e-beam resist process is described which is capable of producing features under 1000 Å in size. The process is compatible with oblique evaporation technique so that high-accuracy alignment can be obtained in multiple-layer device structures. Tunnel junction structures with areas as small as 10−10 cm2 have been fabricated. The estimated capacitance for such junctions is &lt;10−15 F. Such structures have application in low-capacitance Josephson logic circuits. The process is also applicable to fabrication of submicron MOM diodes and other devices which can be made using a lift-off technique.
Unsaturated carbohydrates. Part IX. Synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy-α-<scp>D</scp>-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosides from tri-O-acetyl-<scp>D</scp>-glucal (1969)

Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal undergoes complete reaction with alcohols in benzene solution in the presence of boron trifluoride to give 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosides. The α-anomers predominate (ca. 90%), and the method can be used to prepare the known crystalline ethyl α-glucoside easily and in greatly improved yield. Other alkyl glycosides have been prepared similarly, and the procedure has afforded means of obtaining the cholesteryl analogue and the disaccharide derivative 6-O-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose. Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal again gave the 2,3-unsaturated glycosides on treatment with acetals in the presence of boron trifluoride; no evidence was obtained for the formation of branched-chain products produced by additions to the double bond.
POLYENYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE CORRECTS THE ALCOHOL-INDUCED HEPATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS BY RESTORING S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (2003)

SAMe depletion occurs already after 8 weeks of alcohol feeding and is fully corrected by PPC, in parallel with the prevention by PPC of the alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Since phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are produced in the liver via methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by SAMe, it is likely that PPC, by providing PCs, decreases the utilization of SAMe and thereby contributes to its restoration, with replenishment of GSH and correction of the alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
Bonemeal Additions as a Remediation Treatment for Metal Contaminated Soil (2000)

The ability of bonemeal additions (finely ground, poorly crystalline apatite, [Ca10(PO4)6OH2]) to immobilize pollutant metals in soils and reduce metal bioavailability through the formation of metal phosphates has been evaluated. Leaching column experiments were carried out on contaminated soils with pH varying between 2.7 and 7.1. Monitoring of leachates over a three month period indicated that bonemeal additions resulted in the immobilization of metals and an increase in the pH of the column leachate, the soil pore water and the soils themselves. Analytical scanning electron microscopy of the bonemeal treated soil at the end of the experiment revealed that Pb and Zn were associated with phosphorus. X-ray diffraction identified several newly formed phases in the bonemeal treated soil at the end of the experiments that had peaks of similar intensity and positions as reference Pb and Ca−Zn phosphates. Batch experiments and subsequent extraction of metals from controls and bonemeal amended soils using 0.01 M CaCl2 and DTPA indicated that bonemeal additions reduced the availability of the metals in the soils. Bonemeal amendments appear to have potential as a remediation treatment for metal contaminated soils.
Investigation of Aerodynamic Influence on Truck Platooning (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper investigates the aerodynamic influence of multiple on-highway trucks in different platooning configurations. Complex pressure fields are generated on the highways due to interference of multiple vehicles. This pressure field causes an aerodynamic drag to be different than the aerodynamic drag of a vehicle in a no-traffic condition. In order to study the effect of platooning, three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulations were performed using STAR-CCM<sup>+®</sup> commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. The aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles were analyzed in five different platooning configurations with two and three vehicles in single and multiple lanes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A significant Yaw Averaged Aerodynamic Drag (YAD) reduction was observed in both leading and trailing vehicles. YAD was based on the average result of three different yaw angles at 0°, −6° and 6°. In single-lane traffic, YAD reduction was up to 8% and 38% in leading and trailing vehicles, respectively. In both leading and trailing vehicles, YAD reduction effects dropped with higher separation distances. In contrast, a trailing vehicle following the leading vehicle in the immediate next separate lane showed a YAD reduction up to 3% in the leading truck at lower separation distances. In further increases of the separation distance, no YAD benefit was observed in the leading vehicle. On the other hand, the trailing vehicle YAD was reduced up to 15% with increases in the separation distance. In side-by-side vehicle configurations, negative YAD impact was observed in the leading vehicles. Three different side-by-side configurations were studied and results are presented in the form of both YAD and fuel savings.</div></div>
Controlled-Release Therapeutic Systems: Technology Applicable To the Treatment of Oral Disease (1987)

Controlled-release therapeutic systems are designed to deliver a pre-determined amount of drug to a specific anatomical site for an extended period of time. A single controlled-release delivery system no larger than an ordinary tablet or capsule and placed at the desired site of drug action can produce long-term therapeutic effects that previously could only be achieved through multiple administration of conventional dosage forms. Transient spikes in drug concentration seen with multiple dose regimens are eliminated, decreasing the chance of adverse reactions. Because they are effective for an extended period of time, controlled-release therapeutic systems minimize the involvement of the patient in drug administration , a factor which can increase both patient compliance with a prescribed regimen and patient satisfaction with the treatment schedule compared with conventional therapy. Controlled-release technology can be utilized to deliver therapeutic agents ranging in size from small ions to macromolecules. Clinically-proven controlled-release drug delivery systems are currently available with durations of action ranging from several days (e.g., for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris and motion-induced nausea and the treatment of glaucoma) to one year (e.g. for contraception). A therapeutic system for contraception with a five-year effective lifetime is in clinical trial. Intra-oral controlled-release therapeutic systems are being investigated for the delivery of fluoride and antibiotics. A system for fluoride has reduced experimental dental caries in rats by over 50% and has significantly elevated salivary fluoride concentrations during a six-month trial in adolescents. Tetracycline-containing polymeric fibers can provide site-specific delivery of the antibiotic to periodontal pockets for 10 days or more. An intra-oral controlled-release pellet for tetracycline with a duration of action of one to two weeks is being developed, and additional possibilities exist for the intra-oral use of this versatile technology.
Efficient unit test case minimization (2007)

Randomized unit test cases can be very effective in detecting defects. In practice, however, failing test cases often comprise long sequences of method calls that are tiresome to reproduce and debug. We present a combination of static slicing and delta debugging that automatically minimizes the sequence of failure-inducing method calls. In a case study on the EiffelBase library, the strategy minimizes failing unit test cases on average by 96%.
Supernatural Beings, Shamans and Dream-places: Jules Monnerot and the Native American Touchstones of Surrealism’s Mythological Realignment, 1939-1945 (2018)

By 1942, a considerable number of the Parisian surrealist group had resettled in the U. S. after having fled the conflict in Europe. Though sometimes regarded as a hiatus in surrealist activities, or in some accounts even the death-knell of Surrealism, this period of American exile represents a phase of almost frenetic artistic invention and intellectual exploration. In 1945, as the war drew to a close and many of the surrealists were preparing for their return to Europe, the Martiniquais sociologist Jules Monnerot published a book entitled La Poésie moderne et le Sacré. Despite being written at one remove from the surrealists’ activities in America, with little to no knowledge of their various travels and encounters, Monnerot’s book provided an incisive account of the conceptual and philosophical resonances between Surrealism and Native American culture. The book was received by the surrealists with critical acclaim at the time, but since then has largely disappeared from view. In the context of growing scholarly interest in the surrealists’ conception of myth, this article seeks to revive La Poésie moderne et le Sacré as one of the key points of reference of 1940s Surrealism, and as compelling evidence for the unique significance of America as the site of its mythological reinvention. Surrealism’s American encounter directly overlapped with the emergence of the new literary genre of the Native American autobiography, heralded by the proximate publications of Black Elk Speaks (1932) and Sun Chief (1942). Where both these books testified to the singular importance of myth as a means of psychological introspection and worldly self-determination, they are invoked here as a means of illuminating the conceptual developments of wartime Surrealism in the context of the group’s search for a "new myth."
Properties of Lanthanum Aluminate Thin Film Deposited by MOCVD (2003)

The electrical and structural properties of lanthanum aluminate (LAO) thin films, which were deposited by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, were investigated and compared with those of lanthanum oxide thin films. The LAO films showed better thermal stability and leakage current density characteristic than films. The equivalent oxide thicknesss of LAO film was larger than that of as-deposited film and smaller for 900°C annealed film than film. It is thought that the LAO film is a promising material which can be used as a high-k gate dielectric in future devices. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Room Temperature Ferroelectric Terpolymers with Large Spontaneous Polarization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoom Temperature Ferroelectric Terpolymers with Large Spontaneous PolarizationJ. Naciri, B. R. Ratna, S. Baral-Tosh, P. Keller, and R. ShashidharCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 15, 5274–5279Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00119a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00119a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of primary HIV drug resistance among seroconverters during an explosive outbreak of HIV infection among injecting drug users (1999)

The frequency of transmission of drug resistant HIV amongst these recently infected IDU is extremely low, with no protease or reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant strains detected soon after seroconversion. The data provide no rationale for withholding treatment from this already marginalized population.
TrackCap (2019)

The latest generation of consumer market Head-mounted displays (HMD) now include self-contained inside-out tracking of head motions, which makes them suitable for mobile applications. However, 3D tracking of input devices is either not included at all or requires to keep the device in sight, so that it can be observed from a sensor mounted on the HMD. Both approaches make natural interactions cumbersome in mobile applications. TrackCap, a novel approach for 3D tracking of input devices, turns a conventional smartphone into a precise 6DOF input device for an HMD user. The device can be conveniently operated both inside and outside the HMD's field of view, while it provides additional 2D input and output capabilities.
Reduction of Gordon-Haus jitter in soliton transmission systems by optical phase conjugation (1995)

The effect of optical phase conjugation on Gordon-Haus jitter in long-distance soliton communication systems is considered. In-line optical phase conjugation at an optimal point two-thirds of the way down the system reduces the rms jitter by a factor of three. A post-transmission-line compensation scheme based on optical phase conjugation and soliton-supported dispersion compensation reduces the rms jitter by a factor of two.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-millijoule Ho:YLF based amplifier for pumping mid-infrared OPCPA at 1 kHz (2019)

Here we present Ho:YLF based multi-pass amplifier operating at 1 kHz repetition rate and seeded by 3-μJ pulses from DC-OPA emitting pulses at 10 mJ energy and compressed duration of 5.6 ps. The pulses are stretched and compressed in single chirp volume Bragg Grating.