gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanometer-resolution distance measurement with a noninterferometric method (1994)

We have developed a noninterferometric technique for high-resolution distance measurement (optical ranging). The technique utilizes the fact that the wavelength of a broadband cw laser can be changed by external feedback. By placing the ranging target near the focal point of a microscope objective, we can make the feedback from the target, hence the laser wavelength, sensitive to the target position. The target position is determined from the laser wavelength with great resolution. In our experiments a 20-nm resolution is obtained. The resolution is limited by the instrumental resolution and mechanical stability of the experimental setup.
Control system for ALID-7 linear accelerator used in radiation processing (1999)

The data acquisition and control system for the electron linear accelerator ALID-7 of 5.5 MeV and 0.7 kW, built in Romania, used on pilot-scale radiation processing, is discussed. The system provides: personnel and sensitive device protection against dangerous events; programmed interlocking and warning signals during accelerator operation; single electron pulses or electron pulse trains with small variations in pulse dose; control of electron pulse length and repetition rate, electron beam intensity, magnetron frequency, high voltage level on magnetron and electron-gun modulators, sweeping amplitude and frequency, conveyor velocity, irradiation time, and electron pulses number; simultaneous electron beam and microwave treatment. An important feature of the installation is an original control technique for obtaining programmed beam single shots and pulse trains with programmed pulse number, pulse repetition frequency, and pulse duration, from a diode gun linear accelerator, by discrete pulse temporal position modulation of the gun electron pulses and the magnetron microwave pulses. It is particularly useful for automatic control of absorbed dose rate level, irradiation process control as well as in pulse radiolysis studies, single pulse dose measurement or for research experiments where pulse-to-pulse reproducibility is required.
Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane (2002)

Volatile anaesthetics relax airway smooth muscle in vitro. The amount of relaxation might depend on the type and concentration of volatile anaesthetics, the calibre and precontraction level of the bronchi, and also on the species considered. These effects were investigated on isolated human bronchi. Isometric relaxations produced by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane bubbled on human bronchial rings precontracted with carbachol were recorded and compared with time controls. Volatile anaesthetics induced a concentration-dependent relaxation at 0.66, 1.33 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The relaxation was greater in mildly (carbachol 3x10(-7) M) than in highly (carbachol 2x10(-6) M) precontracted bronchi. Halothane was more potent in relaxing distal as compared to proximal bronchi; this differential effect was less pronounced with isoflurane and not observed with desflurane. While the three volatile anaesthetics induced similar relaxation on proximal bronchi, halothane was significantly more potent than desflurane on distal bronchi, with isoflurane being intermediate. The relaxation induced by 1.33 MAC of halothane, isoflurane and desflurane on moderately precontracted distal bronchi (carbachol 1x10(-6) M) was attenuated by pretreatment with glibenclamide 1x10(-5) M. In conclusion, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane exert direct but differential relaxant effects on human isolated bronchial smooth muscle. This may provide supplemental bronchodilation during anaesthesia. Although adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels are involved in these relaxant effects, they are unlikely to explain the observed differences between the three volatile anaesthetics.
Osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on β-tricalcium phosphate/poly (<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional scaffolds (2012)

Functional tissue engineering for bone augmentation requires the appropriate combination of biomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and specific differentiation factors. Therefore, we investigated the morphology, attachment, viability, and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells cultured in xeno-free conditions in human serum medium seeded on β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(l-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold. Additionally, osteogenic inducers dexamethasone and vitamin D(3) were compared to achieve osteogenic differentiation. Dental pulp stem cells cultured in human serum medium maintained their morphology; furthermore, cells attached, remained viable, and increased in cell number within the scaffold. Alkaline phosphatase staining showed the osteogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells under the influence of osteogenic medium containing vitamin D(3) or dexamethasone within the scaffolds. Maintenance of dental pulp stem cells for 14 days in osteogenic medium containing vitamin D(3) resulted in significant increase in osteogenic markers as shown at mRNA level in comparison to osteogenic medium containing dexamethasone. The results of this study show that osteogenic medium containing vitamin D(3) osteo-induced dental pulp stem cells cultured in human serum medium within β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(l-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional biomaterial, which could be directly translated clinically.
Eating Disorders among Athletes: Research and Recommendations (1991)

Research is reviewed indicating that certain athletes, particularly those in sports that emphasize leanness to enhance performance or appearance (e.g., gymnastics, wrestling, figure skating, diving and ballet), are at risk for eating disorders. It is concluded that, even if mild variants of eating disorders (i.e., only some symptoms required for a formal diagnosis are present) are observed in athletes, they should be given immediate attention because they may severely compromise health and performance. Practical recommendations are made for coaches and trainers to identify the physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms of eating disorders. Finally, suggestions are made for addressing eating disorders in athletes.
Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for RNA-Based Vaccines (2021)

There has been increased interest in the development of RNA-based vaccines for protection against various infectious diseases and also for cancer immunotherapies. Rapid and cost-effective manufacturing methods in addition to potent immune responses observed in preclinical and clinical studies have made mRNA-based vaccines promising alternatives to conventional vaccine technologies. However, efficient delivery of these vaccines requires that the mRNA be protected against extracellular degradation. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been extensively studied as non-viral vectors for the delivery of mRNA to target cells because of their relatively easy and scalable manufacturing processes. This review highlights key advances in the development of LNPs and reviews the application of mRNA-based vaccines formulated in LNPs for use against infectious diseases and cancer.
Extracting Secrecy from Jointly Gaussian Random Variables (2006)

We present a method for secrecy extraction from jointly Gaussian random sources. The approach is motivated by and has applications in enhancing security for wireless communications. The problem is also found to be closely related to some well known lossy source coding problems
Efficient Synthesis of 3-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine by [Bis(Trifluroacetoxy)iodo]benzene-Catalyzed Oxidative Intramolecular Cyclization of Heterocyclic Hydrazones (2011)

A series of 1,2,4-triazolopyridines have been prepared by oxidative intramolecular cyclization of heterocyclic hydrazones with [bis(trifluroacetoxy)iodo]benzene. General applicability of this simple transformation was confirmed by synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine. The advantages of this protocol are the nontoxicity of catalyst and shorter reaction time to obtain good preparative yield. Keywords: [Bis(trifluroacetoxy)iodo]benzenehydrazonesoxidation1,2,4-triazole ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author is thankful to Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai, for providing the 1H NMR facility. Notes a Reagents and reaction conditions: 2-hydrazinopyridine (10 mmol), aldehydes (10 mmol); solvent: ethanol; temperature: reflux temperature; time: 20 min. b Starting compound 2-hydrazinopyridine prepared by the standard reported procedure. c Isolated yield. d Compounds were confirmed by physical constants. a Isolated yield after crystallization in benzene. Note. Catalyst: [bis(trifluroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (11 mmol equivalent); time: 10 min. a Reagents and reaction conditions: Hydrazones (10 mmol), [bis-(trifluroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (11 mmol); solvent: anhydrous dichloromethane; temperature: room temperature; time: 10 min. b Isolated yield after crystallization and structure were confirmed by 1H NMR spectra and physical constants.
A new, cellular automaton-based, nearest neighbor pattern classifier and its VLSI implementation (1994)

A new, parallel, nearest-neighbor (NN) pattern classifier, based on a 2D Cellular Automaton (CA) architecture, is presented in this paper. The proposed classifier is both time and space efficient, when compared with already existing NN classifiers, since it does not require complex distance calculations and ordering of distances, and storage requirements are kept minimal since each cell stores information only about its nearest neighborhood. The proposed classifier produces piece-wise linear discriminant curves between clusters of points of complex shape (nonlinearly separable) using the computational geometry concept known as the Voronoi diagram, which is established through CA evolution. These curves are established during an "off-line" operation and, thus, the subsequent classification of unknown patterns is achieved very fast. The VLSI design and implementation of a nearest neighborhood processor of the proposed 2D CA architecture is also presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On encoding filter parameters for stochastic coders (2005)

Stochastic coders provide a way of encoding the excitation to the synthesis filter at bit rates of about 2 kbit/s, thus leading to fhe possibility of high quality speech coding at 4.8 kbit/s. In these coders, the excitation is encoded as an index into a codebook of random excitation waveforms and the coder transmits the parameters of a short-term filter (LPC all-pole predictor), the parameters of a long-term filter (pitch predictor) and the excitation gain to the receiver. Although the coders give excellent speech quality with unquantized parameters, the output degrades significantly when the filter parameters are coarsely quantized. For a 4.8 kbit/s coder, the short-term filter parameters have to be quantized at 1 kbit/s or less and conventional scalar quantizers at this bit rate result in severe degradation of output speech. In this paper we describe the performance of stochastic coders when the short-term filter parameters are quantized using direct vector quantization and vector quantization with predictive coding and eigenvector rotation. Our results indicate that good performance can be achieved with relatively small codebooks for the quantizers and that predictive coding with eigenvector rotation gives a small but consistent improvement over direct vector quantization.
Comparison between antithymocyte globulin and alemtuzumab and the possible impact of KIR‐ligand mismatch after dose‐reduced conditioning and unrelated stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (2005)

We compared antithymocyte globulin (ATG) with alemtuzumab in 73 patients with multiple myeloma, who underwent reduced conditioning with melphalan/fludarabine, followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation from human leucocyte antigen-matched or -mismatched unrelated donors. The ATG group had more prior high-dose chemotherapies (P < 0.001), while bone marrow was used more as the stem cell source in the alemtuzumab group (P < 0.001). Alemtuzumab resulted in faster engraftment of leucocytes (P = 0.03) and platelets (P = 0.02) and in a lower incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) grades II-IV (24% vs. 47%, P = 0.06). More cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive patients in the alemtuzumab group experienced CMV reactivation (100% vs. 47%, P = 0.001). The cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality at 2 years was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 12-37%] for ATG vs. 28% (95% CI = 15-55%) for alemtuzumab, P = 0.7. There was no significant difference in the estimated 2-year overall and progression-free survival between ATG and alemtuzumab: 54% (95% CI: 39-75%) vs. 45% (95% CI: 28-73%) and 30% (95% CI: 16-55%) vs. 36% (95% CI: 20-62%) respectively. In multivariate analysis, treatment with alemtuzumab had a higher risk for relapse (hazard ratio: 2.37; P = 0.05) while killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-ligand mismatch was protective for relapse (P < 0.0001). We conclude that alemtuzumab produced less acute GvHD, but higher probability of relapse. The data implicated a major role of KIR-ligand mismatched transplantation in multiple myeloma.
Sensing through the continent: Towards monitoring migratory birds using cellular sensor networks (2012)

This paper presents CraneTracker, a novel sensor platform for monitoring migratory birds. The platform is designed to monitor Whooping Cranes, an endangered species that conducts an annual migration of 4,000 km between southern Texas and north-central Canada. CraneTracker includes a rich set of sensors, a multi-modal radio, and power control circuitry for sustainable, continental-scale information delivery during migration. The need for large-scale connectivity motivates the use of cellular technology in low-cost sensor platforms augmented by a low-power transceiver for ad-hoc connectivity. This platform leads to a new class of cellular sensor networks (CSNs) for time-critical and mobile sensing applications. The CraneTracker is evaluated via field tests on Wild Turkeys, Siberian Cranes, and an on-going alpha deployment with wild Sandhill Cranes. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the potential of energy-harvesting CSNs for wildlife monitoring in large geographical areas, and reveal important insights into the movements and behaviors of migratory animals. In addition to benefiting ecological research, the developed platform is expected to extend the application domain of sensor networks and enable future research applications.
The analysis of S100A9 and S100A8 expression in matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma: The S100A9 and S100A8 positive cells underlie and invade tumor mass (1999)

The expression of calcium-binding protein S100A9 was investigated in 23 matched sets of colorectal carcinoma and normal colon mucosa using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found that, from a group of 23 patients, the level of S100A9 protein, in comparison with matched normal colon mucosa, was significantly increased in malignant tissues of 16 patients (70%). Furthermore, an additional protein, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) as S100A8, exhibited an increased expression in the same specimens of malignant tissues as the S100A9 protein. The immunohistological analysis revealed the accumulation of S100A9 positive cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes along the invasive margin of colorectal carcinoma. The S100A8 protein was found to be produced in the same location. The possible participation of both proteins and, especially, its heterodimeric complex calprotectin in colorectal carcinoma regression could be taken into account.
Solution structure of TsKapa, a charybdotoxin‐like scorpion toxin from Tityus serrulatus with high affinity for apamin‐sensitive Ca2‐activated K channels (1997)

TsKapa (TsK), purified from the Buthidae Tityus serrulatus is a very high potent ligand for small-conductance apamin-sensitive calcium-activated potassium channels (SK). It is able to efficiently compete with apamin for binding on this channel (K0.5 = 0.3 nM) [Legros, C. et al., FEBS Lett. 390:81–84, 1996]. The solution structure of TsK has been determined by 2D-NMR techniques, which led to the full description of its 3D conformation: a short α helix from residues 14 to 20 and a three-stranded antiparallel β sheet (residues 2–3, 27–29, and 32–34). The interaction of TsK with the SK potassium channel has been modeled according to the charge anisotropy of the ligand. The resulting dipole moment orientates TsK so that it presents toward the receptor, a surface, mainly basic, encompassing residues K18 and K19 on one side and R9 and Y8 on the other. Despite its three-dimensional structure that is related with scorpion toxins active on voltage-gated potassium channels such as charybdotoxin, the pharmacological activity and specificity of TsK is related with shorter scorpion toxins (i.e., possessing an only two-stranded β sheet) such as scyllatoxin (also named leiurotoxin I) or P05. Proteins 29:359–369, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19 (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04342663.
The effect of high and conventional frequency peritoneal jet ventilation on hypoxemia in ARDS dogs (2012)

Medical School of Nanjing University Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing, China
Patterned, highly stretchable and conductive nanofibrous PANI/PVDF strain sensors based on electrospinning and in situ polymerization (2016)

A facile fabrication strategy via electrospinning and followed by in situ polymerization to fabricate a patterned, highly stretchable, and conductive polyaniline/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PANI/PVDF) nanofibrous membrane is reported. Owing to the patterned structure, the nanofibrous PANI/PVDF strain sensor can detect a strain up to 110%, for comparison, which is 2.6 times higher than the common nonwoven PANI/PVDF mat and much larger than the previously reported values (usually less than 15%). Meanwhile, the conductivity of the patterned strain sensor shows a linear response to the applied strain in a wide range from 0% to about 85%. Additionally, the patterned PANI/PVDF strain sensor can completely recover to its original electrical and mechanical values within a strain range of more than 22%, and exhibits good durability over 10,000 folding-unfolding tests. Furthermore, the strain sensor also can be used to detect finger motion. The results demonstrate promising application of the patterned nanofibrous membrane in flexible electronic fields.
Error prevention in online forms: Use color instead of asterisks to mark required-fields (2009)

In this study, a simple but important user interface design choice is examined: when marking required-fields in online forms, should GUI designers stick with the often used asterisk that many form design guidelines cite as the de-facto web standard, or should they choose a colored background as a new design solution to visually signal which input fields are required? An experiment with 24 participants was conducted to test the hypotheses that efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction ratings of colored required-fields exceed those of asterisk-marked required-fields. Results indicate that colored required field marking leads to fewer errors, faster form fill-in in and higher user satisfaction.
Pet, an Autotransporter Enterotoxin from Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging cause of diarrheal illness. Clinical data suggest that diarrhea caused by EAEC is predominantly secretory in nature, but the responsible enterotoxin has not been described. Work from our laboratories has implicated a ca. 108-kDa protein as a heat-labile enterotoxin and cytotoxin, as evidenced by rises in short-circuit current and falls in tissue resistance in rat jejunal tissue mounted in an Ussing chamber. Here we report the genetic cloning, sequencing, and characterization of this high-molecular-weight heat-labile toxin. The toxin (designated the plasmid-encoded toxin [Pet]) is encoded on the 65-MDa adherence-related plasmid of EAEC strain 042. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the toxin is a member of the autotransporter class of proteins, characterized by the presence of a conserved C-terminal domain which forms a beta-barrel pore in the bacterial outer membrane and through which the mature protein is transported. The Pet toxin is highly homologous to the EspP protease of enterohemorrhagic E. coli and to EspC of enteropathogenic E. coli, an as yet cryptic protein. In addition to its potential role in EAEC infection, Pet represents the first enterotoxin within the autotransporter class of secreted proteins. We hypothesize that other closely related members of this class may also produce enterotoxic effects.
Gated Recurrent Unit Based Acoustic Modeling with Future Context (2018)

The use of future contextual information is typically shown to be helpful for acoustic modeling. However, for the recurrent neural network (RNN), it's not so easy to model the future temporal context effectively, meanwhile keep lower model latency. In this paper, we attempt to design a RNN acoustic model that being capable of utilizing the future context effectively and directly, with the model latency and computation cost as low as possible. The proposed model is based on the minimal gated recurrent unit (mGRU) with an input projection layer inserted in it. Two context modules, temporal encoding and temporal convolution, are specifically designed for this architecture to model the future context. Experimental results on the Switchboard task and an internal Mandarin ASR task show that, the proposed model performs much better than long short-term memory (LSTM) and mGRU models, whereas enables online decoding with a maximum latency of 170 ms. This model even outperforms a very strong baseline, TDNN-LSTM, with smaller model latency and almost half less parameters.
Multi layer materials for the encapsulation of thin film modules (2003)

This paper points out the efforts made on developing multi layer polymer film materials for encapsulation of thin film solar cells. With a single polymer film (e.g. PET, ETFE) and barrier coatings, such as SiO/sub x/ layers, the extraordinary requirements of thin film technology have not been fulfilled yet. To meet the high requirements of thin film technology, considering the water vapour barrier, two or more single coated polymer film layers were combined with each other using different adhesives. This paper has its focus on answering the following questions: Is there an improvement compared with single layer materials, which values of barrier effect can be reached and how effective is the protection of sensitive thin film solar cells.