gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the electronic and nuclear contributions to the nonlinear refractive index of beryllium fluoride glasses (1978)

The nonlinear refractive-index coefficient n2 of three beryllium fluoride glasses was measured at 1064 nm using time-resolved interferometry. The refractive-index nonlinearity of amorphous BeF2 is the smallest reported for any solid. From Raman scattering spectra, the nuclear contribution n2 was found to be ≈20–30% of the total, a factor similar to that for oxide glasses.
Evaluation of TRI-726 as a drug delivery matrix (2011)

This new drug delivery matrix is capable of releasing a wide variety of water-soluble drug compounds over an approximate 10-day period, due primarily to protracted dissolution/erosion of the three-dimensional polymer matrix in an aqueous-based biophase. Additionally, TRI-726 exhibits excellent mucoadhesive properties that would allow a candidate drug/TRI-726 formulation to adhere and remain at a potential application site for an extended period of time. Lastly, the biocompatibility tests affirmed the non-toxic and biocompatible nature of TRI-726 when in contact with cells, which suggests its suitability and versatility as a drug delivery matrix for the targeted administration of a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds where in situ gelation, protracted release of the active, and mucoadhesion of the formulation are desired.
An importance sampling analysis of a non-interleaved Viterbi decoder in an RFI environment (2003)

The authors present a model which analyzes a communications system consisting of a noisy channel, a transmitter/receiver, and a convolutional encoder/Viterbi decoder. The model determines the amount of bit error rate (BER) performance degradation caused by a bursty (e.g., pulsed RF interference) noise environment when interleaving is not used. It uses importance sampling to determine low BERs for a wide range of noise environments. It is faster than a conventional simulation because the required run time is independent of the BER. The model increases the simulation efficiency by biasing the burst error statistics so that more codeword errors occur and adjusts for this by using a weighting function whose value is calculated through the use of a Markov chain to represent the burst error statistics. The results confirm that interleaving results in a dramatic performance improvement in a bursty environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Training SpamAssassin with Active Semi-supervised Learning (2009)

Most spam filters include some automatic pattern classifiers based on machine learning and pattern recognition techniques. Such classifiers often require a large training set of labeled emails to attain a good discriminant capability between spam and legitimate emails. In addition, they must be frequently updated because of the changes introduced by spammers to their emails to evade spam filters. To address this issue active learning and semi-supervised learning techniques can be used. Many spam filters allow the user to give a feedback on personal emails automatically labeled during filter operation, and some filters include a self-training mechanism to exploit the large number of unlabeled emails collected during filter operation. However, users are usually willing to label only a few emails, and the benefits of selftraining techniques are limited. In this paper we propose an active semi-supervised learning method to better exploit unlabeled emails, which can be easily implemented as a plug-in in real spam filters. Our method is based on clustering unlabeled emails, querying the label of one email per cluster, and propagating such label to the most similar emails of the same cluster. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated using the well known open source SpamAssassin filter, on a large and publicly available corpus of real legitimate and spam emails. 1.
Bend-resistant fundamental mode operation in ytterbium-doped leakage channel fibers with effective areas up to 3160 µm<sup>2</sup> (2006)

We report fundamental mode operation in ytterbium-doped leakage channel fibers with effective areas up to 3160 microm(2). These fibers are bend-resistant. Lasers with slope efficiency ~60% and M(2) ~1.3 has been demonstrated. Bend loss and amplifier performance have also been characterized.
Microwave-promoted efficient synthesis of C6-cyclo secondary amine substituted purine analogues in neat water (2008)

The synthesis of C6-cyclo secondary amine-substituted purine analogues in neat water was achieved with the aid of microwave irradiation, providing a rapid, efficient and convenient method for the preparation of acyclic nucleosides in high yields.
The role of VCAM-1 molecule in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid synovitis. (1996)

The present review focuses on the possible role of VCAM-1 expression on synovial fibroblast-like cells in the synovial lesion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The VCAM-1 expressing cells were mainly present in the synovial lining layer. The VCAM-1 expressing fibroblast-like cells also showed activity of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, indicating that they are activated fibroblasts. VCAM-1 expressing T cells were also found in RA synovial fluids, where T lymphocytes show upregulation of alpha 4 beta 1 expression, and these T lymphocytes are able to bind to VCAM-1 in solid phase. Further experiments excluded the production of VCAM-1 protein in synovial fluid T lymphocytes and supported the idea that the soluble VCAM-1 was bound to the surface of synovial fluid T lymphocytes. We next planned to examine the effect of soluble VCAM-1 on T cell functions, by using recombinant soluble VCAM-1. The recombinant soluble VCAM-1 rendered synovial or peripheral T cells anergic to various stimuli. These findings imply that recombinant soluble VCAM-1 might be useful as a therapeutic tool to prevent abnormal immune response, since it binds to activated T lymphocytes with upregulation of alpha 4 beta 1, but not to resting T lymphocytes, and soluble VCAM-1 bound T lymphocytes become anergic.
Frequencies of Complex Chromosome Exchange Aberrations Induced by<sup>238</sup>Pu α-particles and Detected by Fluorescence<i>in Situ</i>Hybridization Using Single Chromosome-specific Probes (1995)

We undertook an analysis of chromosome-type exchange aberrations induced by alpha-particles using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome-specific probes for human chromosomes 1 or 4, together with a pan-centromeric probe. Contact-inhibited primary human fibroblasts (in G1) were irradiated with 0.41-1.00 Gy 238Pu alpha-particles and aberrations were analysed at the next mitosis following a single chromosome paint. Exchange and aberration painting patterns were classified according to Savage and Simpson (1994a). Of exchange aberrations, 38-47% were found to be complex derived, i.e. resulting from three or more breaks in two or more chromosomes, and the variation with dose was minimal. The class of complex aberrations most frequently observed were insertions, derived from a minimum of three breaks in two chromosomes. There was also an elevated frequency of rings. The high level of complex aberrations observed after alpha-particle irradiation indicates that, when chromosome domains are traversed by high linear energy transfer alpha-particle tracks, there is an enhanced probability of production of multiple localized double-strand breaks leading to more complicated interactions.
Defect and transport properties of nanocrystalline CeO2−<i>x</i> (1996)

It is shown that unique defect thermodynamics and transport properties result for oxides of a few nanometers crystallite size. Fully-dense CeO2−x polycrystals of ∼10 nm grain size were synthesized, and their electrical properties compared with those of samples coarsened from the same material. The nanocrystals showed reduced grain boundary resistance, 104 higher electronic conductivity, and less than one-half the heat of reduction of its coarse-grained counterpart. These properties are attributed to a dominant role of interfacial defect formation.
Morphology of renal tubular hyaline casts. (1981)

The structure of renal tubular hyaline casts in kidney biopsies from patients with the nephrotic syndrome was studied and defined by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopies. Two distinct types of casts were identified. One, intensely stained with periodic acid-Schiff's reagent, was formed almost exclusively of myriads of fine, hollow tubular fibrils of indefinite length and approximately 40 Angstroms in width. The other, of slight periodic acid-Schiff positivity, was made up chiefly of a finely granular, medium dense matrix, often, however, with similar filaments as above but in considerably lesser quantities, as well as numerous remnants of degenerating cytoplasm. The fibrillar matrix of both of these casts is clearly Tamm-Horsfall protein, previously demonstrated to have identical fine structural features when studied as filaments isolated from urine. Furthermore, with the use of specific fluoresceinated antiserum, most casts were shown to consist of Tamm-Horsfall protein. The filaments comprising the casts may be confused with amyloid because of ultrastructural similarities, especially when observed in urinary sediments.
A virtual reality application for software visualization (2002)

Since a power network control system constitutes a large-scale computer network, intricate functions of software such as processing synchronization and data transmission among the constituent computers are required for improvement of system performance and efficiency. Methods for the support of overall large-scale system design are still scarce. Conventional text-oriented tools are insufficient to design, construct, and maintain large and complicated systems. As a means for solving this problem, an analytical method has been designed based on computer graphics visualization of static structural data and execution trace data of a software application's functional units. Prototyping tools for the development of software, enabling the direct manipulation of graphical elements through user-machine interfaces based on virtual reality technology, have been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Balance Performance Among Noninstitutionalized Elderly Women (1989)

Descriptive data were collected regarding static standing balance of 71 noninstitutionalized elderly women as they performed two timed balance tests. All subjects performed the sharpened Romberg test and the one-legged stance test on each foot in four test conditions: 1) eyes open, 2) eyes closed, 3) shoes on, and 4) shoes off. Subjects were grouped and analyzed according to the following age ranges: 1) 60 to 64 years, 2) 65 to 69 years, 3) 70 to 74 years, 4) 75 to 79 years, and 5) 80 to 86 years. The best time of three trials was used for data analysis. The maximum balance time for the sharpened Romberg test was 60 seconds. For the one-legged stance test, a maximum balance time was 30 seconds. No significant difference was found between right and left or dominant and nondominant limbs while performing the one-legged stance test. No significant difference was found in mean balance time between subjects who had fallen versus those who had not fallen, nor between shoes-on and shoes-off test performance. Subjects' performance on the eyes-open test was consistently superior to their eyes-closed test performance (p less than .0001). The one-legged stance test mean balance time decreased significantly as age increased. More subjects reached the maximum balance time on the sharpened Romberg test than on the one-legged stance test. The results of this study indicate that additional research is needed in the area of balance maintenance among the elderly population.
Short wavelets and matrix dilation equations (1995)

Scaling functions and orthogonal wavelets are created from the coefficients of a lowpass and highpass filter (in a two-band orthogonal filter bank). For "multifilters" those coefficients are matrices. This gives a new block structure for the filter bank, and leads to multiple scaling functions and wavelets. Geronimo, Hardin, and Massopust (see J. Approx. Theory, vol.78, p.373-401, 1994) constructed two scaling functions that have extra properties not previously achieved. The functions /spl Phi//sub 1/ and /spl Phi//sub 2/ are symmetric (linear phase) and they have short support (two intervals or less), while their translates form an orthogonal family. For any single function /spl Phi/, apart from Haar's piecewise constants, those extra properties are known to be impossible. The novelty is to introduce 2/spl times/2 matrix coefficients while retaining orthogonality of the multiwavelets. This note derives the properties of /spl Phi//sub 1/ and /spl Phi//sub 2/ from the matrix dilation equation that they satisfy. Then our main step is to construct associated wavelets: two wavelets for two scaling functions. The properties were derived by Geronimo, Hardin, and Massopust from the iterated interpolation that led to /spl Phi/1 and /spl Phi//sub 2/. One pair of wavelets was found earlier by direct solution of the orthogonality conditions (using Mathematica). Our construction is in parallel with recent progress by Hardin and Geronimo, to develop the underlying algebra from the matrix coefficients in the dilation equation-in another language, to build the 4/spl times/4 paraunitary polyphase matrix in the filter bank. The short support opens new possibilities for applications of filters and wavelets near boundaries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-surgical method for the induction of delayed implantation and recovery of viable blastocysts in rats and mice by the use of tamoxifen and Depo-Provera (1999)

Implantational delay in rats and mice is experimentally induced by withdrawal of oestrogen and maintenance of progesterone. The oestrogen is normally removed by ovariectomy. We report here that the use of the antioestrogenic effect of the drug tamoxifen in combination with Depo-Provera (which counteracts the oestrogenic effects of the tamoxifen) may be used to put the embryos both of rats and mice into delay of implantation. These delayed embryos retain their developmental potential and give rise to live born young when transferred to pseudopregnant recipient females. They are a good source of ES cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 52:29–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
[A patient with disopyramide intoxication rescued by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support]. (1998)

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in a hypotensive state 2 hours after taking 8,400 mg disopyramide. Infusion of catecholamine and gastric lavage restored normal blood pressure. However, 8 hours after taking the disopyramide he became hypotensive again and electrocardiographic findings revealed bizarre ventricular complexes resulting in ventricular flutter. Although standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not effective, his circulatory status was maintained by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). After 36 hours electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm, and his cardiac function became normal. Patients with severe cardiac dysfunction or cardiac arrest caused by disopyramide intoxication can be supported by PCPS until cardiac function is restored.
Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2006)

Median overall survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with first- and second-line combination chemotherapy now extends to more than 20 months in some studies. Chemotherapy alone, particularly when oxaliplatin is included, may allow potentially curative resection of advanced disease. There is evidence that the addition of antibodies targeted against vascular endothelial growth factor or the epidermal growth factor receptor will further improve prospects for patients with advanced and metastatic disease. However, the optimum sequencing of chemo- and biological therapies remains to be established, as does the potential contribution of numerous agents in development.
Laser frequency stabilization for high bit-rate FSK multichannel coherent systems (2003)

After reviewing some previously proposed laser frequency stabilization techniques for multichannel coherent systems, the authors present a simple, alternative method, making use of a scanning Fabry-Perot resonator. This technique, which proved effective in a preliminary experiment stabilizing a single DFB (distributed feedback) laser diode within less than 500 kHz, was successfully applied to the collective stabilization of a two-channel transmitter and can be easily extended to a multichannel configuration with a high number of channels. The same principle can operate, with some modification, in the presence of FSK (frequency shift keying) direct modulation. This has been experimentally demonstrated for a DFB laser that was directly modulated up to 2 Gb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serotonergic drugs and valvular heart disease (2009)

The overwhelming majority of evidence refutes the 5-HT hypothesis. A more likely cause of fenfluramine-induced valvulopathy is activation of 5-HT(2B) receptors on heart valves by the metabolite norfenfluramine. Future serotonergic medications should be designed to lack 5-HT(2B) agonist activity.
Common tumors of the parapharyngeal space: refined imaging diagnosis. (1988)

Computed tomographic (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images in 103 patients with either a deep-lobe parotid tumor extending into the parapharyngeal space, a minor salivary gland tumor, a neuroma, or a paraganglioma were reviewed. The parotid or extraparotid nature of these masses was established by identifying a fat plane between the mass and the parotid gland. This was more reliably accomplished with MR imaging than with CT. Although dynamic CT allowed identification of the glomus tumors, MR imaging also permitted diagnosis of these lesions. The inherent CT and MR imaging characteristics of most of the neuromas and minor salivary gland tumors were indistinguishable. However, the neuromas tended to displace the internal carotid artery anteriorly, whereas the salivary lesions displaced this vessel posteriorly. This artery was better identified on MR images than on CT scans. Thus, these lesions, which are the four most common primary parapharyngeal space tumors, can be distinguished on MR images by evaluating not only their inherent signal characteristics but also the surrounding fat planes and any displacement of the internal carotid artery.
THE DOMINANT ROLE OF THE LIVER IN PLASMA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (1951)

A direct study of the isolated rat liver perfused with oxygenated blood containing amino acids and lysine-epsilon-C(14) has yielded facts indicating that the liver synthesizes practically all the plasma fibrinogen, the albumin fraction, and probably more than 80 per cent of the plasma globulin fraction. The response of the isolated perfused liver in protein synthesis is qualitatively and quantitatively analogous to that of the intact animal, notably in (a) the ability to discriminate between natural L-lysine and D-lysine, (b) the per cent of isotopic amino acid converted to CO(2), (c) the per cent utilized in liver and plasma protein synthesis. The results obtained with the perfused liver are compared and contrasted with those reported for tissue homogenates, minces, and slices.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors in dermatology. Part I: Properties, method and effectiveness of drug use (2013)

Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) are a relatively new class of drugs used in dermatology. There are two drug forms available - tacrolimus 0.03% or 0.1% ointment and 1.0% pimecrolimus cream. The drugs act by inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. The only approved indication for using TCI is treatment of atopic dermatitis. The TCI may be used as an alternative therapy to corticosteroids. Tacrolimus is used to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, pimecrolimus - mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Topical calcineurin inhibitors do not cause skin atrophy and the drug absorption through the skin is minimal. The TCI have been well-studied, their efficacy was evaluated in a number of vast, long-term studies. The anti-inflammatory potency of tacrolimus ointment is similar to a corticosteroid with moderate activity, while the latter is clearly more active than pimecrolimus cream. Topical calcineurin inhibitors significantly relieve pruritus in atopic eczema.
Electron-transfer polymers. XXXI. Preparation of difunctional benzoquinones and related derivatives and polymers (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer polymers. XXXI. Preparation of difunctional benzoquinones and related derivatives and polymersGerhard Wegner, Nobuo Nakabayashi, and Harold G. CassidyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 10, 3155–3159Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01285a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01285a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Remission of Maternal Depression: Relations to Family Functioning and Youth Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms (2008)

Family functioning and parenting were hypothesized to mediate the relation between remission of maternal depression and children's psychosocial adjustment. Participants were 114 mother-child dyads participating in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression Child 3-month follow-up. All mothers had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and were treated initially with citalopram; 33% of mothers experienced remission of depressive symptoms. Youth ranged in age from 7 to 17. Remission of maternal depression was associated with changes in children's reports of their mothers' warmth/acceptance, which in turn partially mediated the relation between maternal depression remission and youth internalizing symptoms, accounting for 22.9% of the variance.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Breast Cancer (1999)

Intraoperative RF ablation results in invasive breast cancer cell death. Based on this initial report of the use of RF ablation in breast cancer, this technique merits further investigation as a percutaneous minimally invasive modality for the local treatment of breast cancer.