gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for continuous, transparent authentication on mobile devices (2012)

Mobile devices have consistently advanced in terms of processing power, amount of memory and functionality. With these advances, the ability to store potentially private or sensitive information on them has increased. Traditional methods for securing mobile devices, passwords and PINs, are inadequate given their weaknesses and the bursty use patterns that characterize mobile devices. Passwords and PINs are often shared or weak secrets to ameliorate the memory load on device owners. Furthermore, they represent point-of-entry security, which provides access control but not authentication. Alternatives to these traditional meth- ods have been suggested. Examples include graphical passwords, biometrics and sketched passwords, among others. These alternatives all have their place in an authentication toolbox, as do passwords and PINs, but do not respect the unique needs of the mobile device environment.
This dissertation presents a continuous, transparent authentication method for mobile devices called the Transparent Authentication Framework. The Framework uses behavioral biometrics, which are patterns in how people perform actions, to verify the identity of the mobile device owner. It is transparent in that the biometrics are gathered in the background while the device is used normally, and is continuous in that verification takes place regularly. The Framework requires little effort from the device owner, goes beyond access control to provide authentication, and is acceptable and trustworthy to device owners, all while respecting the memory and processor limitations of the mobile device environment.
Super-wide-angle cameras by image synthesis (1995)

Synthesizing left and right images is a popular method getting a wide-angle image, and this synthesis has conventionally been done by putting two images side by side. The conventional technique thus restricted the arrangement of the cameras and objects. The paper proposes a new method of acquiring a super-wide-angle image by synthesizing images. Left and right rectangular images are transformed into trapezoidal images, and the transform formula is derived from the relation between the position of the cameras and the object. This method enables the cameras to be set up anywhere and it provides an image nearly twice as wide as the one obtained with a conventional camera, giving an image with which is easy to see perspective. The measures reported in the paper made it possible to achieve a wide-angle-imaging system suitable for consumer products. By preventing discontinuity between images at their joint, it can create wide-angle images as good as those taken from a single viewpoint regardless of the positions of the cameras and the objects. Using a prototype video camera employing the image simulation of the new system, it has been established that the new system provides wide images with an angle of more than 180 degrees and good clarity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and Characterization of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine:Phosphoethaolamine N-Methyltransferase from Spinach (1995)

During conditions of osmotic stress, some plants accumulate compatible osmolytes such as glycine betaine or choline-0-sulphate. Choline is required as a precursor for synthesis of both osmolytes and choline is also required by all plants as a component of phospholipids. In the betaine accumulator spinach, choline synthesis requires three sequential N-methylations of phosphoethanolamine (PEA) to generate phosphocholine (PCho), with the first N-methylation being catalyzed by S-adenosyi-L-methionine: PEA Nmethyltransferase (PEAMeT). Choline synthesis and, more particularly the activity of PEAMeT, are up-regulated by salinity (Summers and Weretilnyk, 1993). This thesis reports on the partial purification and preliminary characterization of PEAMeT from spinach. A variety of column chromatography matrices including DEAE Sepharose, phenyl Sepharose, w-aminohexyl agarose, hydroxylapatite, phenyl Superose, Mono Q and adenosine agarose, have been used to purify PEAMeT. A 5403- fold purified preparation yielded a specific activity of 189 nmol· min-1 • mg-1 protein. SDS-PAGE analysis of this preparation revealed a number of polypeptide bands but only one which photoaffinity cross-linked to [3H]SAM. The estimated native molecular weight (MW) of PEAMeT was found to be 77 kDa by gel filtration chromatography and an estimated MW of 54 kDa was determined by SDS-PAGE. SDS-PAGE analysis of samples photoaffinity crosslinked to [3H]SAM gave a slightly higher estimated MW of 57 kDa. Effects of various factors on PEAMeT assay conditions were evaluated using partially purified PEAMeT preparations. PEAMeT activity as a function of pH gave a unimodal curve with an apparent pH optimum at 7.8 with 1 00 mM HEPES-KOH buffer. In vitro PEAMeT activity was inhibited by phosphate, PCho, S-adenosyi-L-homocysteine, ca+ 2, Mn+2 and co+2 but not by choline, betaine, ethanolamine, mono- and dimethylethanolamine or Mg+2 • Phosphobase N-methyltransferase activities present in preparations enriched for PEAMeT activity can catalyse the reaction sequence PEA- PMEA - PDEA - PCho. Under optimized assay conditions using PEA as the sole substrate, PMEA, PDEA and PCho were quantified and were detected in the order: PMEA (77%) > PDEA (17%) > PCho (6%). Thus a single enzyme, PEAMeT, is capable of converting PEA to PCho in leaves of spinach. The existence of a second enzyme which converts PMEA to PCho has also been reported for leaves and roots of spinach (Weretilnyk and Summers, 1992). The presence of two enzymes with overlapping activities raises questions regarding the roles of these two enzymes in choline metabolism. For example, do these enzymes also have overlapping functions in choline synthesis, particularly under conditions of osmotic stress?
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of dislocations in forward-biased 4H-SiC p–i–n diodes (2003)

When a 4H-SiC p–i–n diode is operated under forward biasing, it rapidly degrades, and the degradation is accompanied by the generation of a high density of stacking faults in the active region of the device. In this letter, the partial dislocations bounding the stacking faults have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. They are found to be in the form of single leading partial half-loops with a 13〈101̄0〉 Burgers vector that bound triangular-shaped stacking faults. Two sides of each faulted loop are bound by two partial dislocation segments lying along different 〈12̄10〉 directions, while the other edge of the triangular stacking fault is a surface (or interfacial) step. The core nature of the two segments has been determined by the technique of large-angle, convergent-beam electron diffraction, and found to be different: one has a silicon core, while the other has a carbon core.
Ustekinumab in the Treatment of Refractory Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report (2013)

Abstract is missing (Letter).
Side Load Springs as a Solution to Minimize Adverse Side Loads Acting on the McPherson Strut (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The cost pressure experienced by the automotive industry and the necessity to reduce the vehicle weight have resulted in a renewed and growing interest in axle systems fitted with McPherson struts.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Contrary to the SLA front suspension, the McPherson strut replaces the upper steering rod by a damper unit, which is rigidly connected to the axle legs. The damper unit is fastened to the upper wheel guard by a rubber-metal bearing. The McPherson strut permits long spring deflections and provides, compared with the SLA front suspension, an improved transmission ratio of spring and wheel; coordinating the riding comfort is consequently facilitated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">However, the damper is subjected to side loads which from time to time cause it to respond inappropriately. To remedy this disadvantage the side load spring was developed.</div>
Factors Influencing Diaphragmatic Compound Motor Action Potentials During Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

Diaphragmatic CMAP amplitude is not affected by stimulus strength or BMI. There is a significant respirophasic decrease in CMAP signal amplitude with inspiration. It is important to be aware of this variation to avoid premature termination of cryoablation.
Further Characterization and Immunochemical Studies on the Carbohydrate Specificity of Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) Lectin (1989)

The lectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) seeds has been purified by Rivanol (6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine lactate) treatment. The specific activity, molecular weights of parent lectin and its subunit, its glycoprotein nature, and hemagglutination-inhibition assays suggest that this preparation is identical to that obtained by affinity chromatography on melibiose-agarose adsorbent (Ahmed, H., and Chatterjee, B. P. (1986) in Lectins, Biology, Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry (Bøg-Hansen, T. C., and van Driessche, E., eds) Vol. 5, pp. 125-133, Walter de Gruyter, New York). The lectin strongly agglutinates human and several animal erythrocytes. The lectin contains five isolectins of pI values 7.1, 6.85, 5.5, 5.3, and 5.1. It is thermally stable and loses its activity above 75 degrees C. The hemagglutinating activity remains unchanged in the presence of bivalent cations viz., Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, etc. It is a metalloprotein. The lectin retains its activity by dialysis with acetic acid followed by EDTA. It agglutinates Ehrlich ascites cells. Equilibrium dialysis of lectin with melibiose and quenching of fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside by the lectin show that homotetrameric jackfruit lectin has two sugar-binding sites. The lectin precipitates well several galactomannans and glycoproteins having terminal D-Gal-alpha-(1----6)- or D-Gal-beta-(1----3)-D-GalNAc residues. It hardly or does not precipitate polysaccharides having terminal D-Gal-alpha-(1----3) residues. Quantitative precipitin-inhibition studies using various haptens suggest that the -OCH2- group at C-1 and -OH groups at C-4 and partially at C-6 in the alpha-glycoside of D-galactose configuration are important for lectin-sugar interaction.
Recognition of early mortality in multiple myeloma by a prediction matrix (2017)

Early mortality (EM; death ≤ 6 months from diagnosis) has been reported in several newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) trials. Before the era of novel agents, the incidence was 10%-14%. Causes of death included infections/pneumonia, renal failure, refractory disease, and cardiac events. Staging systems, such as the revised International Staging System (r-ISS), and prognostic factors including cytogenetics, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and myeloma-specific factors, are useful to assess overall prognosis; however, they cannot predict EM. We evaluated patients treated with novel agents in the Connect MM<sup>®</sup> Registry and identified risk factors of the EM cohort. Eligible patients were enrolled in the registry within 60 days of diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between baseline characteristics and EM. Prediction matrices for EM were constructed from a logistic model. Between September 2009 and December 2011, 1493 patients were enrolled in the registry and had adequate follow-up. Of these patients, 102 (6.8%) had EM and 1391 (93.2%) survived for > 180 days. Baseline factors significantly associated with increased EM risk included age > 75 years, higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, lower EQ-5D mobility score, higher ISS stage, lower platelet count, and prior hypertension. Renal insufficiency trended toward increased EM risk. These risk factors were incorporated into a prediction matrix for EM. The EM prediction matrix uses differential weighting of risk factors to calculate EM risk in patients with NDMM. Identifying patients at risk for EM may provide new opportunities to implement patient-specific treatment strategies to improve outcomes.
Equitable Allocation of Enroute Airspace Resources (2009)

Ration-by-schedule (RBS) has provided a widely accepted resource-rationing principle for ground delay program (GDP) planning in the U.S. Rationing of airspace resources poses significant new challenges not well-addressed by RBS. In this paper, we describe new resource rationing principles and a new methodology for use in rationing access to constrained enroute airspace. While RBS implicity assumes that all flights requesting a slot must receive one, our new methods explicitly allow some flights to be refused access, since flight operators have the option of rerouting around the constrained airspace. Unlike RBS our methodology requires and makes use of flight operator prefer- ence information and it employs randomization. Our methods have potential usefulness both in airspace flow program (AFP) planning and in the emerging System Enhancements for Versatile Electronic Negotiation (SEVEN). Keywords-resource rationing; flow management; fairness; equi- table allocation; AFP
Smad2 Is Essential for Maintenance of the Human and Mouse Primed Pluripotent Stem Cell State (2013)

Human embryonic stem cells and mouse epiblast stem cells represent a primed pluripotent stem cell state that requires TGF-β/activin signaling. TGF-β and/or activin are commonly thought to regulate transcription through both Smad2 and Smad3. However, the different contributions of these two Smads to primed pluripotency and the downstream events that they may regulate remain poorly understood. We addressed the individual roles of Smad2 and Smad3 in the maintenance of primed pluripotency. We found that Smad2, but not Smad3, is required to maintain the undifferentiated pluripotent state. We defined a Smad2 regulatory circuit in human embryonic stem cells and mouse epiblast stem cells, in which Smad2 acts through binding to regulatory promoter sequences to activate Nanog expression while in parallel repressing autocrine bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Increased autocrine bone morphogenetic protein signaling caused by Smad2 down-regulation leads to cell differentiation toward the trophectoderm, mesoderm, and germ cell lineages. Additionally, induction of Cdx2 expression, as a result of decreased Smad2 expression, leads to repression of Oct4 expression, which, together with the decreased Nanog expression, accelerates the loss of pluripotency. These findings reveal that Smad2 is a unique integrator of transcription and signaling events and is essential for the maintenance of the mouse and human primed pluripotent stem cell state.
Dynamic gamma: Application to LCD motion‐blur reduction (2006)

Abstract— A metric, “dynamic gamma,” to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic temporal response of an LCD device is proposed. Dynamic gamma, associated with 2‐D plots, is more suitable for quantitatively characterizing the dynamic characteristics of an LC panel. The dynamic gamma metric was applied to improve the temporal response of LCDs. From dynamic gamma data, overdrive tables can be derived. Dynamic gamma can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of overdrive. With a second‐order dynamic gamma, the performance of different overdrive algorithms can be quantitatively assessed. The dynamic gamma metric was also applied to backlight flashing and developed a time adaptive overdrive algorithm. The new algorithm reduces the ghosting artifact due to the timing mismatch between LCD driving and backlight flashing. Experimental results from a simulated tracking camera confirms the advantages of the new algorithm designed using dynamic gamma.
Apoptosis inducing factor mediates caspase‐independent 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium toxicity in dopaminergic cells (2005)

Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are particularly sensitive to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which causes parkinsonian syndromes in humans, monkeys and rodents. Although apoptotic cell death has been implicated in MPTP/MPP+ toxicity, several recent studies have challenged the role of caspase-dependent apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Using the midbrain-derived MN9D dopaminergic cell line, we found that MPP+ treatment resulted in an active form of cell death that could not be prevented by caspase inhibitors or over-expression of a dominant negative inhibitor of apoptotic protease activating factor 1/caspase-9. Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial protein that may mediate caspase-independent forms of regulated cell death following its translocation to the nucleus. We found that MPP+ treatment elicited nuclear translocation of AIF accompanied by large-scale DNA fragmentation. To establish the role of AIF in MPP+ toxicity, we constructed a DNA vector encoding a short hairpin sequence targeted against AIF. Reduction of AIF expression by RNA interference inhibited large-scale DNA fragmentation and conferred significant protection against MPP+ toxicity. Studies of primary mouse midbrain cultures further supported a role for AIF in caspase-independent cell death in MPP+-treated dopaminergic neurons.
Implementation and Design Space Exploration of a Turbo Decoder in High-Level Synthesis (2019)

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) allows not only for quicker prototyping, but also faster and more widespread design space exploration. In this work we designed a turbo decoder using Vivado HLS, which has not previously been explored. Our turbo decoder was designed to allow for easy design space exploration, both of algorithmic turbo decoder parameters as well as HLS parameters. Data and analysis on the design space is presented for approximately 200,000 variations with an emphasis on the needed trade-offs when designing a turbo decoder.
Neurotropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/Chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) in Experimentally Infected Pigeons (<i>Columbia livia f. domestica</i>) (2006)

This investigation assessed the susceptibility of experimentally infected pigeons to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 that caused recent outbreaks of avian influenza in birds and humans in several countries of Asia. For this purpose 14 pigeons were infected ocularly and nasally with 10(8) EID50 and clinical signs were recorded and compared with five chickens infected simultaneously as positive controls. The chickens demonstrated anorexia, depression, and 100% mortality within 2 days postinoculation. Three of the pigeons died after a history of depression and severe neurological signs consisting of paresis to paralysis, mild enteric hemorrhage, resulting in a mortality of 21%. Gross lesions in these pigeons were mild and inconsistent. Occasionally subcutaneous hyperemia and hemorrhage and cerebral malacia were observed. Microscopic lesions and detection of viral antigen were confined to the central nervous system of these pigeons. In the cerebrum and to a minor extent in the brain stem a lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis with disseminated neuronal and glial cell necrosis, perivascular cuffing, glial nodules, and in one bird focally extensive liquefactive necrosis could be observed. The remaining nine pigeons showed neither clinical signs nor gross or histological lesions associated with avian influenza, although seroconversion against H5 indicated that they had been infected. These results confirm that pigeons are susceptible to HPAIV A/chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) and that the disease is associated with the neurotropism of this virus. Although sentinel chickens and most pigeons did not develop disease, further experiments have to elucidate whether or not Columbiformes are involved in transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
The Role of Microfilaments in Early Meiotic Maturation of Mouse Oocytes (2005)

Mouse oocyte microfilaments (MF) were perturbed by depolymerization (cytochalasin B) or stabilization (jasplakinolide) and correlated meiotic defects examined by confocal microscopy. MF, microtubules, and mitochondria were vitally stained; centrosomes (gamma-tubulin), after fixation. MF depolymerization by cytochalasin in culture medium did not affect central migration of centrosomes, mitochondria, or nuclear breakdown (GVBD); some MF signal was localized around the germinal vesicle (GV). In maturation-blocking medium (containing IBMX), central movement was curtailed and cortical MF aggregations made the plasma membrane wavy. Occasional long MF suggested that not all MF were depolymerized. MF stabilization by jasplakinolide led to MF aggregations throughout the cytoplasm. GVBD occurred (unless IBMX was present) but no spindle formed. Over time, most oocytes constricted creating a dumbbell shape with MF concentrated under one-half of the oocyte cortex and on either side of the constriction. In IBMX medium, the MF-containing half of the dumbbell over time sequestered the GV, MF, mitochondria, and one to two large cortical centrosomes; the non-MF half appeared empty. Cumulus processes contacted the oocyte surface (detected by microtubule content) and mirrored MF distribution. Results demonstrated that MF play an essential role in meiosis, primarily through cortically mediated events, including centrosome localization, spindle (or GV) movement to the periphery, activation of (polar body) constriction, and establishment of oocyte polarity. The presence of a cortical "organizing pole" is hypothesized.
The Effects of Intravesical Chemoimmunotherapy with Gemcitabine and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Preliminary Study (2009)

This prospective study investigated the long-term effects of intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG; n = 36) versus BCG alone (n = 51) for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. For the chemoimmunotherapy (GEM + BCG) group, GEM (1000 mg) was instilled immediately after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and again (2000 mg) 1 week later. From 2 to 7 weeks after TURBT, BCG was instilled into the bladder of all patients once weekly. The recurrence-free period of the GEM + BCG group (24.13 months) was significantly longer than that of the BCG monotherapy group (19.81 months). The overall recurrence rate was similar between the groups, although at 6 and 9 months post-TURBT, GEM + BCG produced a significantly lower rate of recurrence compared with BCG alone. This study suggests that intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with GEM + BCG is effective in reducing early tumour recurrence and in prolonging the recurrence-free period of superficial bladder cancer.
Smart responsive surfaces switching reversibly between super-hydrophobicity and super-hydrophilicity (2009)

Super-hydrophilicity and super-hydrophobicity are fundamentally opposite properties of special wettability, which are governed by surface chemical composition and surface roughness. Smart responsive surfaces switching reversibly between super-hydrophobicity and super-hydrophilicity can be effectively fabricated by modification of stimuli-responsive materials on rough surfaces. The externally applied stimuli include light irradiation, electrical potential, temperature, pH or selected solvents, and mechanical forces. Such surfaces with controllable wettability are of great importance to both fundamental research and practical applications.
Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond (2020)

The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond.