gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gated Word-Character Recurrent Language Model (2016)

We introduce a recurrent neural network language model (RNN-LM) with long short-term memory (LSTM) units that utilizes both character-level and word-level inputs. Our model has a gate that adaptively finds the optimal mixture of the character-level and word-level inputs. The gate creates the final vector representation of a word by combining two distinct representations of the word. The character-level inputs are converted into vector representations of words using a bidirectional LSTM. The word-level inputs are projected into another high-dimensional space by a word lookup table. The final vector representations of words are used in the LSTM language model which predicts the next word given all the preceding words. Our model with the gating mechanism effectively utilizes the character-level inputs for rare and out-of-vocabulary words and outperforms word-level language models on several English corpora.
Synthesis and Selected Reactions of a Bicyclic Sultam Having Sulfur at the Apex Position (2006)

A practical synthesis of the bicyclic dienyl sultam 9 has been developed. The viable route involved several key steps. Of these, ring-closing metathesis represented by the conversion of 19 to 20 had to be implemented in advance of the assembly of other rings such as is present in 15. Product 20 was used as the template for more advanced framework construction, as in 16. The second double bond was best introduced by a bromination-dehydrobromination sequence, the 2-fold loss of HBr being achieved most reliably by the use of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in CH2Cl2 or DMSO. The direct irradiation of 9 gave rise to the endo-oriented cyclobutene derivative 30. The title diene is not a ready participant in Diels-Alder reactions. When heated with endo-bornyltriazolinedione in ethyl acetate solution, conversion to a 1:1 mixture of 33 and its diastereomer occurred as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. From the mechanistic perspective, this transformation constitutes an interesting example of a stereocontrolled and regioselective [2+2] cycloaddition followed by a vinylcyclobutane-cyclohexene rearrangement. Products 30 and 33 constitute examples of strained sulfonamides featuring a norbornyl-like structural component.
Helping men, women and children (2020)

Disasters, like the current bushfires in Australia, place pressure on men to be silent and stoic protectors, which makes them reluctant to seek help. What does this mean for families in such terrible times?
Hyperattenuated Recombinant Influenza A Virus Nonstructural-Protein-Encoding Vectors Induce Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice (2001)

We have generated recombinant influenza A viruses belonging to the H1N1 and H3N2 virus subtypes containing an insertion of the 137 C-terminal amino acid residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein into the influenza A virus nonstructural-protein (NS1) reading frame. These viral vectors were found to be genetically stable and capable of growing efficiently in embryonated chicken eggs and tissue culture cells but did not replicate in the murine respiratory tract. Despite the hyperattenuated phenotype of influenza/NS-Nef viruses, a Nef and influenza virus (nucleoprotein)-specific CD8(+)-T-cell response was detected in spleens and the lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract after a single intranasal immunization of mice. Compared to the primary response, a marked enhancement of the CD8(+)-T-cell response was detected in the systemic and mucosal compartments, including mouse urogenital tracts, if mice were primed with the H1N1 subtype vector and subsequently boosted with the H3N2 subtype vector. In addition, Nef-specific serum IgG was detected in mice which were immunized twice with the recombinant H1N1 and then boosted with the recombinant H3N2 subtype virus. These findings may contribute to the development of alternative immunization strategies utilizing hyperattenuated live recombinant influenza virus vectors to prevent or control infectious diseases, e.g., HIV-1 infection.
Feynman’s proof of the Maxwell equations (1990)

Feynman’s proof of the Maxwell equations, discovered in 1948 but never published, is here put on record, together with some editorial comments to put the proof into its historical context.
Phenoloxidase activity and virulence in isogenic strains of Cryptococcus neoformans (1982)

A naturally occurring Mel- variant of Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the wild type. The effect of phenoloxidase activity on virulence was analyzed on genetically constructed Mel+ and Mel- isolates. The traits Mel+ and virulence in mice, as measured by cumulative mortality and replication potential in brain tissue, cosegregated among the progeny of a Mel+ X Mel- cross. Revertants (MelR) isolated during the course of the cumulative mortality experiment were used to compare virulence in isogenic sets of Mel- and MelR. In two separate sets of such isolates, Mel+ phenotype and virulence coreverted. Measurement of substrate uptake and phenoloxidase activity showed that loss of detectable phenoloxidase was the basis for the Mel- phenotype and that enzyme activity reappeared in the MelR isolates. An intermediate phenotype, Melbg, was also described. Cosegregation and coreversion of the melanin phenotype and virulence suggest that phenoloxidase is a virulence factor in C. neoformans.
A New Representation of FFT Algorithms Using Triangular Matrices (2016)

In this paper we propose a new representation for FFT algorithms called the triangular matrix representation. This representation is more general than the binary tree representation and, therefore, it introduces new FFT algorithms that were not discovered before. Furthermore, the new representation has the advantage that it is simple and easy to understand, as each FFT algorithm only consists of a triangular matrix. Besides, the new representation allows for obtaining the exact twiddle factor values in the FFT flow graph easily. This facilitates the design of FFT hardware architectures. As a result, the triangular matrix representation is an excellent alternative to represent FFT algorithms and it opens new possibilities in the exploration and understanding of the FFT.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the mink growth hormone (1990)

Journal Article Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the mink growth hormone Get access Kazuaki Shoji, Kazuaki Shoji * Enzymological Research Laboratory, Nippon Gene Co. Ltd1-29, Tonya-machi, Toyama 930, Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eiji Ohara, Eiji Ohara Enzymological Research Laboratory, Nippon Gene Co. Ltd1-29, Tonya-machi, Toyama 930, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masanori Watahiki, Masanori Watahiki Enzymological Research Laboratory, Nippon Gene Co. Ltd1-29, Tonya-machi, Toyama 930, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yuko Yoneda Yuko Yoneda Enzymological Research Laboratory, Nippon Gene Co. Ltd1-29, Tonya-machi, Toyama 930, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 21, 21 November 1990, Page 6424, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.21.6424 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 01 October 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
Researches on simulation and validation of airborne enhanced ground proximity warning system (2012)

In this paper, enhanced ground proximity warning simulation and validation system is designed and implemented. First, based on square grid and sub-grid structure, the global digital terrain database is designed and constructed. Terrain data searching is implemented through querying the latitude and longitude bands and separated zones of global terrain database with the current aircraft position. A combination of dynamic scheduling and hierarchical scheduling is adopted to schedule the terrain data, and the terrain data can be read and delete dynamically in the memory. Secondly, according to the scope, distance, approach speed information etc. to the dangerous terrain in front, and using security profiles calculating method, collision threat detection is executed in real-time, and provides caution and warning alarm. According to this scheme, the implementation of the enhanced ground proximity warning simulation system is realized. Simulations are carried out to verify a good real-time in terrain display and alarm trigger, and the results show simulation system is realized correctly, reasonably and stable.
Ultrasonic Inspection of Composite Materials Using Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (2010)

In this work, the Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) method, developed for ultrasonic signals, is used to address the problem of delamination defect detection in Composite Materials. Standard deconvolution techniques suppose that the wavelet is minimum phase but generally make no assumptions about the amplitude distribution of the primary reflection coefficient sequence. For a white reflection sequence the assumption of a Gaussian distribution means that recovery of the true phase of the wavelet is impossible; however, a non-Gaussian distribution in theory allows recovery of the phase. It is generally recognized that primary reflection coefficients typically have a non-Gaussian amplitude distribution. The minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) method supposes whiteness but seek to exploit the non-Gaussianity. This method do not assume minimum phase. The deconvolution filter is defined by the maximization of a function called the objective. The algorithm is tested on simulated data and also tested on real ultrasonic data from multilayered composite materials.
Rapid High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Anatoxin M1 in Milk and Nonfat Dry Milk (1983)

Abstract A modification of the current revised AOAC method, 26.A10-26.A15, is described for the rapid analysis of aflatoxin Mi in milk and nonfat dry milk. The method incorporates chloroform extraction and eliminates the need for column chromatography by using liquid-liquid partition for sample extract cleanup. Quantitation is carried out by using fluorescence detection combined with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of aflatoxin M1 which has been converted to aflatoxin M2a with trifluoroacetic acid. The method has a detection limit of 0.014μg/L (2 X signal/noise) for whole milk. For 6 samples of naturally contaminated nonfat dry and fteeze-dried milk, the modified method gave an average result of 0.698 μg/L; the AOAC method gave an average result of 0.386 μg/L.
Controlling flow and avoiding congestion in broadband networks (1991)

The basic design principles of flow control in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are examined. Network-level, call-level and cell-level flow control are covered. Dynamic bandwidth management and scheduling policies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New device to treat chronic subdural hematoma—hollow screw (1999)

Different surgical approaches exist for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. None of these approaches is superior to the other, so a minimal-invasive device (a hollow screw) was developed. The system consists of a stable hollow screw of surgical steel with a perforated tip, a hand-drill, screwdriver with guide, and collection bag. To place the screw in the skull local anesthesia is necessary followed by stab incision and percutaneous trephination. The screw is then placed in the bone and the guide removed. After spontaneous drainage and irrigation, a closed drainage system with a collection bag is connected with the screw. First results with the new technology are promising, with a high rate of completely treated patients and a low rate of complications. Two of 86 patients had a local skin infection after implantation of the screw, and in 22 patients the procedure was repeated due to one or more cases of recurrent or residual hematoma. No neurological deterioration was caused by the screw or the surgical approach. The advantages of this new system are: quick and simple procedure, minimal invasive, excellent function, inexpensive and reusable.
The Potential of Semiconductor Diodes in High-Frequency Communications (1958)

Graded p-n junctions that can be fabricated by solidstate diffusion are low-loss nonlinear capacitors at microwave frequencies. These diodes can be used to make low-noise amplifiers, amplifying frequency converters, harmonic and subharmonic generators, switches, limiters, and voltage-tuned passive circuits. Single junctions can control many watts of microwave power. Point-contact diodes are nonlinear resistors and as yet are unchallenged as microwave rectifiers. At lower frequencies, nonlinearresistance action can be obtained in p-n junctions by introducing recombination centers. A p-i-n diode is resistive at high frequencies. The value of the resistance depends upon the dc current. This variable resistance can be used as a broad-band microwave switch or attenuator. At low current densities, the p-i-n structure functions as a transmission line and so can serve as a support, protection, and connection for small-area p-n junctions made in the same single crystal of silicon.
Quantification of magnetic nanoparticles with low frequency magnetic fields: compensating for relaxation effects (2013)

Quantifying the number of nanoparticles present in tissue is central to many in vivo and in vitro applications. Magnetic nanoparticles can be detected with high sensitivity both in vivo and in vitro using the harmonics of their magnetization produced in a sinusoidal magnetic field. However, relaxation effects damp the magnetic harmonics rendering them of limited use in quantification. We show that an accurate measure of the number of nanoparticles can be made by correcting for relaxation effects. Correction for relaxation reduced errors of 50% for larger nanoparticles in high relaxation environments to 2%. The result is a method of nanoparticle quantification suitable for in vivo and in vitro applications including histopathology assays, quantitative imaging, drug delivery and thermal therapy preparation.
Research and Design of Location Tracking System Used in Underground Mine Based on WiFi Technology (2009)

The article designs location tracking system used in underground mine based on WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) technology. The WiFi wireless network communication technology can solve problems of difficult communication between miners and mine managers, accurately location of mining personnel, complex terrain, too much monitoring points and requiring larger network coverage; in particular, the place which fiber optic cable can not reach easily, the application of WiFi wireless networking system can effectively reach blind spots of existing mobile network coverage. And we can know the distribution of mine personnel and operating condition in real-time. We use WiFi technology as the core to build the entire wireless network system. Design concept, working mechanism of the whole system, and overall design of software are given in the paper.
An Integrated Reservoir Characterization Study Matching Production Data and 4D Seismic (2004)

Summary Our purpose is to evaluate the benefit of using time-lapse seismic in addition to production history for reservoir characterization. A new inversion methodology, based on the gradual deformation method (GDM), has been developed to simultaneously integrate different sources of information like 4D-seismic-related data and production data. This methodology was validated successfully on a geologically realistic 3D synthetic reservoir model. An optimization procedure was developed to identify reservoir models consistent both with an initial 8-year period of production data and with 4D-seismic-related data. The procedure is based on two complementary numerical tools developed at the Inst. Français du Pétrole: the Fast Fourier Transform—Moving Average (FFT-MA) generator and the GDM. The first tool generates stochastic realizations for the reservoir model; the second tool allows us to perturb the realizations from a small number of parameters while preserving the spatial-variability model. The optimization process was repeated starting from different initial reservoir models. The predictive quality of the constrained reservoir models was estimated by comparing the simulated forecasts and the reference data for a second 8-year period of production data. The proposed inversion method proved its efficiency for constraining geostatistical reservoir models to different sources of data. It is shown that conditioning reservoir models to saturation changes in addition to production data results in significant improvement in the reliability of production forecasts. The present study goes one step further than the study by Kretz et al.,1 which was dedicated to the integration of accurate gas-saturation data into the reservoir model. Because such accurate data are rarely available, we focus on a more realistic case: we estimate the usefulness of binary data, indicating the presence or absence of gas.
Membrane filtration affinity purification (MFAP) of dehydrogenases using cibacron blue (1989)

The method for purification of biomolecules by a combination of affinity interactions and membrane filtration for separation of unwanted material has been found to be of interest for large-scale work. This study examines the suitability of silica nanoparticles as carriers in the process. Alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenases were chosen as target molecules to be purified. The binding capacity was found to be comparative to what is obtained for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) packing material. Both binding and desorption of the enzymes were found to be effective. The limiting factor of the process was the filtration flow rate.
Fluorescence Intensity- and Lifetime-Based Glucose Sensing Using Glucose/Galactose-Binding Protein (2013)

We review progress in our laboratories toward developing in vivo glucose sensors for diabetes that are based on fluorescence labeling of glucose/galactose-binding protein. Measurement strategies have included both monitoring glucose-induced changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer and labeling with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore, badan. Measuring fluorescence lifetime rather than intensity has particular potential advantages for in vivo sensing. A prototype fiber-optic-based glucose sensor using this technology is being tested.
Assessing the displacement effect of exports with gravity trade model: China’s textile and clothing case and OBOR implications (2017)

This paper employs the gravity model to investigate how the growth of China’s textile and clothing (T&C) exports is displacing the exports of other Asian developing countries over the 1990-2015 period. Aggregate analyses were undertaken, and the endogeneity of Chinese exports were accounted by applying instrumental variables with country fixed effects. It was found that there was a negative impact of China’s emergence on T&C exports on other Asian developing countries. We further explored whether such displacement effect varies across Asian countries and the results showed that a more pronounced effect was found in low-income countries than high-income ones. Our findings suggest that the export competitiveness of China’s neighbors, i.e. both more and less developed Asian countries, are affected by the emergence of China in T&C Trade. The implications of China’s One Belt, One Road initiative are also discussed.
Deep Neural Language Models for Machine Translation (2015)

Neural language models (NLMs) have been able to improve machine translation (MT) thanks to their ability to generalize well to long contexts.Despite recent successes of deep neural networks in speech and vision, the general practice in MT is to incorporate NLMs with only one or two hidden layers and there have not been clear results on whether having more layers helps.In this paper, we demonstrate that deep NLMs with three or four layers outperform those with fewer layers in terms of both the perplexity and the translation quality.We combine various techniques to successfully train deep NLMs that jointly condition on both the source and target contexts.When reranking nbest lists of a strong web-forum baseline, our deep models yield an average boost of 0.5 TER / 0.5 BLEU points compared to using a shallow NLM.Additionally, we adapt our models to a new sms-chat domain and obtain a similar gain of 1.0 TER / 0.5 BLEU points. 1
Toward a Novel Class of Antithrombotic Compounds with Dual Function. Discovery of 1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives Possessing Thrombin Inhibitory and Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonistic Activities (2005)

A novel class of potential antithrombotic compounds with moderate thrombin inhibitory and fibrinogen receptor antagonistic activity is described. Combination of anticoagulant and antiaggregatory activity in the same molecular entity is presented as a new promising approach in the search for novel antithrombotic agents.
A wide-band directional coupler for time-domain measurements (1976)

Describes the design, construction, and testing of a broadside parallel-line directional coupler for 0.4 to 10 GHz. The coupler was built to obtain larger reflected signal levels in the time-domain measurement of well-matched microwave components. It features a 10.75 in (27.3 cm.) tightly coupled uniform parallel-line region to keep internal reflections out of the 2.5-ns measurement time window. Using a 6-V impulse generator the coupler produced a 5.4-dB improvement in reflected amplitude over the usual reflectometry configuration. A major use for the coupler has been in simultaneous measurements of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> scattering parameters.
Evaluation of a subnet management mechanism for InfiniBand networks (2003)

The InfiniBand architecture is a high-performance network technology for the interconnection of processor nodes and I/O devices using a point-to-point switch-based fabric. The InfiniBand specification defines a basic management infrastructure that is responsible for subnet configuration, activation, and fault tolerance. Subnet management entities and functions are described, but the specifications do not impose any particular implementation. We present and analyze a complete subnet management mechanism for this architecture. We allow to anticipate future directions to obtain efficient management protocols
A Development of Circuit Emulation System on TDM over Ethernet Comprising OAM and Protection Function (2006)

The Ethernet* network is widely used and adopted to the access portion or metro area for the reason of new applications for native Ethernet services or its economical advantage. Apart from these applications for native Ethernet, an encapsulation technology to transport legacy services over Ethernet, i.e. TDM over Ethernet, is focused on. In order to apply it to the carrier networks, it is necessary to meet Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, and the consideration of operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) aspects are indispensable. Furthermore, in order for higher reliability, it is required to apply protection function to the networks. We have studied the encapsulation method of TDM signals applied to circuit emulator accommodating TDM signals over Ethernet. In addition, the OAM mechanism and the protection function are studied. This paper shows the frame format, the detail of the OAM mechanism and the protection function, and introduces a developed circuit for adaptation of TDM over Ethernet.