gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Useful Method For Model-Building (1962)

Abstract A simple technique useful in iterative model-building is described. In this a statistical analysis is applied to the estimated parameters rather than to the observations directly. This mode of procedure pinpoints the source and nature of possible inadequacies and these, interacting with the experimenter's special knowledge of the problem, can suggest what modifications are necessary for improvement. The cycle may be repeated till an adequate model, which should of course be checked by additional critical experiments, is found.
Web-based Machine Translation (2011)

Machine translation (MT) has been studied for more than 60 years. World-Wide-Web offers more opportunities to MT. We could try to crawl more web data to train the MT system. But we have to filter the very noisy web data. There are many potential web-based applications for MT, such as translation of web-page, translation of instant message, translation of SNS, translation of ecommerce, mobile translation, etc. To make better use of the web data, and to produce better webbased MT applications, we should also adapt the MT methods to the web scenario. In this talk, I will introduce our work on web-based machine translation.
Minimizing the computational cost and memory requirements for the capacitance calculation of 3-D multiconductor systems (1995)

A new approach is presented which minimized the computational cost and memory requirements for capacitance calculations of three-dimensional multiconductor systems. The proposed approach, based on the integral equation method (IEM), calculated the capacitance of three-dimensional geometry of ideal conductors in two stages. In the first stage, the integral equation method was used to obtain the charge distribution on each conductor in isolation. In the second stage, the multiple interaction (coupling) among the conductors was included by applying the IEM to the whole structure and considering the charge distribution, obtained in the first stage, as a discretized entire domain basis function. The order of the interaction matrix was thus reduced to the order of conductors in the structure. The proposed method was tested for various geometries and it resulted in tremendous savings in computational time and memory storage; moreover, it gave very good accuracy in comparison with the classical integral equation method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving piano note tracking by HMM smoothing (2015)

In this paper we improve piano note tracking using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We first transcribe piano music based on a non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) method. For each note four templates are trained to represent the different stages of piano sounds: silence, attack, decay and release. Then a four-state HMM is employed to track notes on the gains of each pitch. We increase the likelihood of staying in silence for low pitches and set a minimum duration to reduce short false-positive notes. For quickly repeated notes, we allow the note state to transition from decay directly back to attack. The experiments tested on 30 piano pieces from the MAPS dataset shows promising results for both frame-wise and note-wise transcription.
Origin of hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (2009)

In this work we report the observation and characterization of a hysteresis phenomenon in the transfer characteristics of n-channel polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Such phenomenon is observed in devices with fully depleted channel and not treated with hydrogen-related anneal. The origin of the hysteresis is identified to be related to the electron trapping and detrapping processes associated with the deep-level traps in the grain boundaries of the poly-Si channel.
Digital characteristics of CMOS devices at cryogenic temperatures (1989)

The results of measurements of the digital characteristics of CMOS devices as a function of temperature between 77 and 300 K and of supply voltage between 3 and 20 V are presented. Using a fixed supply of 5 V, the low noise margin decreased from 2.54 to 2.11 V, but the high noise margin increased from 2.18 to 2.40 V as the temperature was increased from 77 to 300 K. On lowering the temperature from 300 to 77 K, both V/sub II/ and V/sub IH/ increased and the transition between these input logic voltages became more abrupt. These and other digital characteristics including noise immunity. V/sub H/-V/sub I/, and V/sub IH/-V/sub II/ all showed a smooth monotonic improvement as the temperature decreased. These results can be qualitatively explained due to the increase in the absolute threshold voltages of the NMOS and PMOS transistors and to the decrease in the beta /sub N// beta /sub P/ ratio as the temperature is lowered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Priority Control Mechanism managed by Metadata (2001)

The priority control for specified communication was difficult because the design concept of the Internet was best effort, but QoS technology such as Diffserv has realized the priority control. In this paper, we propose a new priority control mechanism. that the policy of the behavior of the packets is described using metadata. The metadata is structured data about data and is able to describe policy. We use the emergency communications as an implementation of the proposed mechanism. In an emergency, the Internet is important as a communication infrastructure for getting information about victim and disaster areas. Metadata is able to describe that this information is emergency. Diffserv is able to transport information managed by a priority control mechanism. This mechanism is going to be included in ITU-T F.706 recommendation.
Supporting resource discovery among public Internet archives using a spectrum of information quality (2002)

Wide area networks offer access to an increasing number and variety of resources. Yet, it is difficult to locate resources of interest, because of the scale and decentralized nature of the environment. The authors are interested in supporting a global confederation of loosely cooperating systems and users that share far more resources than can be completely organized. Therefore, mechanisms are needed to support incremental organization of the resources, based on the efforts of many geographically decentralized individuals, and a range of different information sources of varying degrees of quality. The authors describe a prototype implementation of a set of mechanisms intended to explore this problem in the specific domain of public Internet archives, accessible via the anonymous file transfer protocol. This is an interesting test case, because it encompasses a very large scale, administratively decentralized collection of resources, with considerably practical value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemistry of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropionitrile (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropionitrileF. Mares and J. SmithCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 9, 1567–1569Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00871a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00871a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automation of Manual Components and Image Quantification of Direct Dual Label Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for HER2 Gene Amplification (2006)

Determination of HER2 status by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in breast carcinoma correlates well with response to targeted therapy and prognosis. However, manual time consuming methods and quantification aspects of the procedure may be challenging for some laboratories. We examined the feasibility of automating these components of the FISH assay using a tissue microarray (TMA-118 clinically annotated cases) and a series of 41 whole sections. An in situ hybridization automated staining workstation was used to automate a programmed overnight start, on line baking, deparaffinization, cell conditioning, protease digestion, and prehybridization buffer washing. Dual label probe/target codenaturation/hybridization and stringency washing were done off line. The HER2 and CEP17 spot counts were quantified, and the HER2/CEP17 ratio calculated, via an imaging workstation. Results were benchmarked against manual counts for whole sections, and bright field in situ hybridization [silver in situ hybridization (SISH)] for the TMA. Automated FISH results using whole sections correlated well with manual results: HER2/CEP17 ratio correlation coefficient r = 0.9154, r = 0.8380, P < 0.0001. Correlation between automated and manual TMA FISH results was also excellent, and disease-free survival was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) for the HER2 amplified cases. Automation of the laborious manual prehybridization and image quantification components of FISH using directly labeled probes is feasible. Operational gains and enhanced consistency are inherent in this automated approach to HER2 clinical FISH testing.
Trabedersen, a TGFbeta2-specific antisense oligonucleotide for the treatment of malignant gliomas and other tumors overexpressing TGFbeta2. (2009)

Trabedersen (AP-12009), which is being developed by Antisense Pharma GmbH, is a synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotide designed to block the production of TGFbeta2, a secreted protein that can exert protumor effects. Trabedersen is indicated for the treatment of malignant brain tumors and other solid tumors overexpressing TGFbeta2, such as those of the skin, pancreas and colon. Preclinical studies demonstrated that trabedersen reduced the secretion of TGFbeta2 in cultured tumor cells and exhibited antitumor activity ex vivo. It was also demonstrated that chronic intracerebral or intravascular administration of trabedersen did not cause life-threatening side effects in animals. This observation was confirmed in early clinical trials in patients with advanced cancer. In a phase IIb trial, improved survival was observed in patients with brain tumors who were intratumorally administered trabedersen, compared with patients receiving standard chemotherapy. However, this observation requires validation by an ongoing large-scale, phase III, randomized, controlled trial. Meanwhile, continued research on trabedersen should help to determine the roles of TGFbeta2 in cancer and also further the development of antisense technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Conjugate Additions of Alcohols to a Chiral (E)‐Nitroalkene Derived from (R)‐2,3‐Isopropylidene Glyceraldehyde. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How to share work on shared objects in design databases (2002)

Designers in CAD environments typically perform long-duration modifications of completely structure objects and work cooperatively in design teams. Several forms of design transactions for nonstandard database systems have been proposed as a mechanism to support their kind of operational pattern. They are partitioned by checkout/check-in operations and/or divided into several kinds of subtransactions, both used within concurrency control algorithms which are less strict than those in classical systems. However, these models tend to lead to rather complex transaction structures that are unwieldy to use and thus difficult to exploit to their full advantage. Mechanisms, like those incorporated in the DAMOK-LES database system, which try to overcome this disadvantage, are presented. They allow designers to share work by checking out one complex design object concurrently and modifying different parts of it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Humans express natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity that is similar to murine NC cell activity. (1987)

Abstract The expression of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity is well defined in mice, but poorly defined in humans. In this paper we report that humans express naturally occurring cytotoxic cell activity that recognizes and lyses murine targets that are sensitive to lysis mediated by murine NC cells, but not murine targets that are resistant to lysis by murine NC cells. We present data showing that these naturally occurring human cytotoxic cells and murine NC cells have similar lytic mechanisms. Both the human cytotoxic cells described here, and murine NC cells, use tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to mediate the lysis of sensitive targets. Moreover, targets that resist murine NC-mediated lysis by a protein synthesis-dependent post-recognitive mechanism use a similar mechanism to prevent lysis mediated by naturally occurring human cytotoxic cells. In addition to the similarity of naturally occurring human cytotoxic cells and murine NC cells in their specificity and lytic mechanism, naturally occurring human cytotoxic cells and murine NC cells are also similar in that their activity is both associated with a monocyte lineage and age independent. Taken together, these data indicate that humans express NC activity.
Sodium current kinetics in cat atrial myocytes. (1987)

1. Na+ current kinetics were studied in isolated atrial myocytes from the adult cat using the single suction‐pipette voltage‐clamp technique. 2. Current‐voltage and conductance‐voltage relationships were similar to those described in other cardiac myocyte preparations. 3. Analysis of Na+ current decay using single‐pulse, double‐pulse and tail current measurements were in agreement and demonstrate a second‐order process of current decay. 4. Voltage dependence of steady‐state inactivation curves was not symmetrical, having an inflexion at about ‐90 mV. These results suggest more than a single inactivation process for Na+ channel in the negative potential region. 5. Recovery of Na+ current from inactivation had a sigmoid time course: an initial slow component (delay) followed by a fast and then a second slow component. Increasing the pre‐pulse duration slowed the time course of recovery. 6. Taken together, the results were consistent with the presence of multiple inactivated states for the atrial myocyte Na+ channel.
Bacteriosis en el cultivo de los cítricos (2010)

El cultivo de los citricos es uno de los mas importantes y con mayor demanda mundial. La industria de los citricos esta sujeta a perdidas millonarias a escala mundial, por esto el cultivo de citricos esta siendo objeto de numerosos estudios por las diversas enfermedades que lo afectan. Este fruto es uno de gran importancia como fuente de vitamina C, ademas de pequenas cantidades de vitaminas B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 y E. Actualmente el consumo de citricos es recomendado para ayudar a prevenir problemas circulatorios, venas varicosas, algunos tipos de cancer y enfermedades del sistema nervioso central ya que poseen componentes que fortalecen los vasos sanguineos (Saunt, 1992).
Inhibition of Cell Migration by Abl Family Tyrosine Kinases through Uncoupling of Crk-CAS Complexes (2001)

c-Abl and the Abl-related gene product (Arg) are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton of cells by direct association with F-actin and localization to focal contacts. However, the biological significance of this interaction is not known. We show here that transfection of COS-7 cells with a kinase-inactive form of c-Abl (Abl) promotes c-Crk II/p130(CAS) (Crk-CAS) coupling, enhancing cell migration. Moreover, embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from mice devoid of endogenous Abl and Arg (abl-/- arg-/-) demonstrate increased Crk-CAS coupling and motility. Conversely, expression of a kinase-active form of Abl or reconstitution of abl-/- arg-/- cells with wild-type Abl prevents Crk-CAS coupling and inhibits cell migration. Thus, Abl and Arg kinases play a critical role in preventing cell migration through regulation of Crk and CAS adaptor protein complexes, which are necessary for cell movement.
In search of the best clock (1988)

Because of the increased need for better clock performance than is currently available, this paper addresses some fundamental questions regarding clock metrology. Heretofore, most work has focussed on improving the clocks to meet the increased need. Though this is fundamental and will be addressed in the paper, we will also show that significant gains are available through the algoritbms which process the clock readings and through international comparisons now available via satellite. Proper algorithms for processing seem to be more important than the proportionate attention generally given them. In fact, to date, the only way we have been able to investigate some of the long-term performance aspects of the millisecond pulsar, ESR 1937+21, is by using such optimization algorithms. Since there are indications in the pulsar data of variations which could be explained as arising from the influence of gravity waves, these long-term stability studies take on a new importance. Years of study will probably be necessary to confirm these initial indications, but clearly improved long-term stability of earth-bound clock systems would significantly assist this study.
Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis, Missouri (2003)

To determine the incidence, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and utility of molecular diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) in the primary care setting, we conducted a prospective study in an outpatient primary care clinic in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. One hundred and two patients with a history of fever for 3 days (>37.7 degrees C), tick bite or exposure, and no other infectious disease diagnosis were enrolled between March 1997 and December 1999. HME was diagnosed in 29 patients by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and laboratory manifestations included fever (100%), headache (72%), myalgia or arthralgia (69%), chills (45%), weakness (38%), nausea (38%), leukopenia (60%), thrombocytopenia (56%), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (52%). Hospitalization occurred in 41% of case-patients. PCR sensitivity was 56%; specificity, 100%. HME is a prevalent, potentially severe disease in southeastern Missouri that often requires hospitalization. Because clinical presentation of HME is nonspecific, PCR is useful in the diagnosis of acute HME.
Synthesis and activity of butirosin derivatives with 5''-amidino and 5''-guanidino substituents. (1991)

The preparation and antibacterial activity of the 5''-guanidino (6) and 5''-amidino (7) derivatives of 4'-deoxybutirosin A (1) as well as the 5''-guanidino derivative (8) of butirosin A are described. The key intermediates, tetra-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-5''-azido derivatives were selectively reduced with NiCl2-NaBH4 to give the corresponding 5'-amino derivatives. Subsequent guanidination or amidination followed by deblocking afforded the final compounds 6, 7 and 8. The 5''-guanidino derivatives (6 and 8) were more active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than the corresponding 5''-hydroxy derivatives (1 and butirosin A). Compound 6 was also active against a variety of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Dynamic Chromatin Boundaries Delineate a Latency Control Region of Epstein-Barr Virus (2004)

The oncogenic potential of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be regulated by epigenetic factors controlling LMP1 and EBNA2 gene transcription. The EBV latency control region (LCR) constitutes approximately 12 kb of viral sequence spanning the divergent promoters of LMP1 and EBNA2 and encompasses the EBV latent replication origin OriP and RNA polymerase III-transcribed EBV-encoded RNA genes. We have used the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to examine the chromatin architecture of the LCR in different types of EBV latency programs. We have found that histone H3 K4 methylation (H3mK4) was enriched throughout a large domain that extended from internal repeat 1 (IR1) to the terminal repeat in type III latency where EBNA2 and LMP1 genes are expressed. In type I latency where EBNA2 and LMP1 genes are transcriptionally silent, the H3mK4 domain contracts and does not enter the EBNA2 or LMP1 promoters. In contrast, histone H3 K9 methylation (H3mK9), associated with silent heterochromatin, was enriched in the EBNA2 and LMP1 upstream control regions in type I but not type III cells. MTA [5'-deoxy-5'(methylthio)adenosine], a pharmacological inhibitor of protein methylation, globally reduced histone H3mK4 and inhibited EBNA2 transcription in type III cells. 5'-Azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation that derepresses EBNA2 transcription in type I latency, caused H3mK4 expansion and a corresponding loss of H3mK9 at IR1. The chromatin boundary protein and transcription repressor CCCTC-binding factor was enriched at the EBNA2 transcription control region in type I but not type III cells. We also present evidence that OriP binding factors EBNA1 and ORC2 can interact with sequences outside of OriP including a region within IR1 that may influence EBNA2 transcription status. These results indicate that types I and III latency programs have distinct histone methylation patterns in the LCR and suggest that chromatin architecture coordinates gene expression of LMP1 and EBNA2.
<i>Response</i> : Forensic DNA Rests and Hardy-Weinberg Wquilibrium (1991)

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Component technologies (2002)

This one-day tutorial is aimed at software engineering practitioners and researchers, who are familiar with object-oriented analysis, design and programming and want to obtain an overview of the technologies that are enabling component-based development. We introduce the idea of component-based development by defining the concept and providing its economic rationale. We describe how object-oriented programming evolved into local component models, such as Java Beans and distributed object technologies, such as the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) and the Component Object Model (COM). We then address how these technologies matured into distributed component models, in partiuclar Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) and the CORBA Component Model (CCM). We give an assessment of the maturity of each of these technologies and sketch how they are used to build distributed architectures.