gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-thermal alloyed ohmic contact process of GaN-based HEMTs by pulsed laser annealing (2016)

We have demonstrated Si implantation incorporation into GaN HEMTs with a non-alloyed ohmic contact process. We optimized the power density of pulsed laser annealing to activate implanted Si dopants without a thermal metallization process. The experimental results show that the GaN surface will be reformed under the high power density of the illumination conditions. It provides a smooth surface for following contact engineering and leads to comparable contact resistance. The transmission line model (TLM) measurement shows a lower contact resistance to 6.8 × 10−7 Ω · cm2 via non-alloyed contact technology with significantly improved surface morphology of the contact metals. DC measurement of HEMTs shows better current and on-resistance. The on-resistance could be decreased from 2.18 to 1.74 mΩ-cm2 as we produce a lower contact resistance. Pulsed laser annealing also results in lower gate leakage and smaller dispersion under a pulse I-V measurement, which implies that the density of the surface state is improved.
Synapse elimination from the mouse neuromuscular junction <i>in vitro</i>: A non‐hebbian activity‐dependent process (1993)

The effect of action potentials on elimination of mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) was studied in a three-compartment cell culture preparation. Axons from superior cervical ganglion or ventral spinal cord neurons in two lateral compartments formed multiple neuromuscular junctions with muscle cells in a central compartment. The loss of synapses over a 2-7-day period was determined by serial electrophysiological recording and a functional assay. Electrical stimulation of axons from one side compartment during this period, using 30-Hz bursts of 2-s duration, repeated at 10-s intervals, caused a significant increase in synapse elimination compared to unstimulated cultures (p < 0.001). The extent of homosynaptic and heterosynaptic elimination was comparable, i.e., of the 226 functional synapses of each type studied, 111 (49%) of the synapses that had been stimulated were eliminated, and 87 (39%) of unstimulated synapses on the same muscle cells were eliminated. Also, simultaneous bilateral stimulation caused significantly greater elimination of synapses than unilateral stimulation (p < 0.005). These observations are contrary to the Hebbian hypothesis of synaptic plasticity. A spatial effect of stimulus-induced synapse elimination was also evident following simultaneous bilateral stimulation. Prior to stimulation, most muscle cells were innervated by axons from both side compartments, but after bilateral stimulation, muscle cells were predominantly unilaterally innervated by axons from the closer compartment. These experiments suggest that synapse elimination at the NMJ is an activity-dependent process, but it does not follow Hebbian or anti-Hebbian rules of synaptic plasticity. Rather, elimination is a consequence of postsynaptic activation and a function of location of the muscle cell relative to the neuron. An interaction between spatial and activity-dependent effects on synapse elimination could help produce optimal refinement of synaptic connections during postnatal development.
Blind channel estimation using the second-order statistics: algorithms (1997)

Most second-order moment-based blind channel estimators belong to two categories: (i) optimal correlation/spectral fitting techniques and (ii) eigenstructure-based techniques. These two classes of algorithms have complementary advantages and disadvantages. A new optimization criterion referred to as the joint optimization with subspace constraints (JOSC) is proposed to unify the two types of approaches. Based on this criterion, a new algorithm is developed to combine the strength of the two classes of blind channel estimators. Among a number of attractive features, the JOSC algorithm does not require the accurate detection of the channel order. When compared with existing eigenstructure-based techniques, the JOSC performs better, especially when the channel is close to being unidentifiable. When compared with correlation/spectral fitting schemes, the JOSC is less affected by the presence of local minima.
Ligand specificities of recombinant retinoic acid receptors RAR <i>α</i> and RAR <i>β</i> (1990)

Binding of retinoic acid (RA) to specific RA receptors alpha and beta (RAR alpha and RAR beta) was studied. Receptors were obtained in two ways: (1) full-length receptors were produced by transient expression of the respective human cDNAs in COS 1 cells; and (2) the ligand-binding domains of RAR alpha and RAR beta were produced in Escherichia coli. RA binding to the wild-type and truncated forms of the receptor was identical for both RAR alpha and RAR beta, indicating that the ligand-binding domains have retained the binding characteristics of the intact receptors. Furthermore, RA bound with the same affinity to both RAR alpha and RAR beta. Only retinoid analogues with an acidic end-group were able to actively bind to both receptors. On measuring the binding of various retinoids, we have found that the properties of the ligand-binding sites of RAR alpha and RAR beta were rather similar. Two retinoid analogues were capable of binding preferentially to either RAR alpha or RAR beta, suggesting that it may be possible to synthesize specific ligands for RAR alpha and RAR beta.
A novel MMIC biphase modulator with variable gain using enhancement-mode FETS suitable for 3 V wireless applications (2002)

A circuit topology for realizing a BPSK (180 degree) modulator without the use of reactive phase determining networks is presented for the first time. This physically small circuit employs a trio of enhancement mode MESFETs which are uniquely configured to extend the upper frequency response of the design to in excess of 1.7 GHz. This approach is particularly noteworthy as it is implemented using less than 3 V dc and precludes the need for negative gate voltages making it attractive for use in wireless applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE PLASMA DISTRIBUTION OF BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE and THE EFFECTS OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS ON ITS BIODISTRIBUTION (1990)

The plasma distribution and biodistribution of benzoporphyrin derivative were examined. Two analogs of benzoporphyrin derivative were mixed with human plasma in vitro and recovered in the lipoprotein fractions upon separation by chromatography or ultracentrifugation. The majority of both analogs was recovered with high density lipoprotein. The effect of prebinding benzoporphyrin derivative to lipoproteins on the biodistribution of the drug in vivo was studied in tumor bearing DBA/2J mice. At 3, 8 and 24 h post-injection, tumor and tissue samples were excised and analyzed for benzoporphyrin derivative content. Precomplexing benzoporphyrin derivative with low density lipoprotein or high density lipoprotein led to significantly (P less than 0.05) greater tumor accumulation than in aqueous solution.
Protein asparagine deamidation prediction based on structures with machine learning methods (2017)

Chemical stability is a major concern in the development of protein therapeutics due to its impact on both efficacy and safety. Protein "hotspots" are amino acid residues that are subject to various chemical modifications, including deamidation, isomerization, glycosylation, oxidation etc. A more accurate prediction method for potential hotspot residues would allow their elimination or reduction as early as possible in the drug discovery process. In this work, we focus on prediction models for asparagine (Asn) deamidation. Sequence-based prediction method simply identifies the NG motif (amino acid asparagine followed by a glycine) to be liable to deamidation. It still dominates deamidation evaluation process in most pharmaceutical setup due to its convenience. However, the simple sequence-based method is less accurate and often causes over-engineering a protein. We introduce structure-based prediction models by mining available experimental and structural data of deamidated proteins. Our training set contains 194 Asn residues from 25 proteins that all have available high-resolution crystal structures. Experimentally measured deamidation half-life of Asn in penta-peptides as well as 3D structure-based properties, such as solvent exposure, crystallographic B-factors, local secondary structure and dihedral angles etc., were used to train prediction models with several machine learning algorithms. The prediction tools were cross-validated as well as tested with an external test data set. The random forest model had high enrichment in ranking deamidated residues higher than non-deamidated residues while effectively eliminated false positive predictions. It is possible that such quantitative protein structure-function relationship tools can also be applied to other protein hotspot predictions. In addition, we extensively discussed metrics being used to evaluate the performance of predicting unbalanced data sets such as the deamidation case.
A Framework for Web Service Usage Profiles Discovery (2013)

As part of web services life-cycle, providers frequently face decision about changes without a clear understanding of the impact on their clients. The identification of clients' consumption patterns constitute invaluable information to support more effective decisions. In this paper, we present a framework that supports the discovery of service usage profiles, to bring awareness on the distinct groups of consumers, and their usage characterization in terms of detailed service functionality. The framework encompasses monitoring of clients requests, constituting a general purpose Usage Database, and a process to cluster client applications and derive usage profiles. The paper details the framework and presents experiments.
Advanced process control using DMCplus (1998)

The purpose of advanced process control (APC) is to improve profitability by applying strategies which coordinate the regulatory control systems on the plant. This paper gives two illustrations of the successful DMCplusTM approach to APC, using case studies of applications in the refining and chemicals industries. The case studies give a brief overview of the processes, describing process and optimisation strategies, the scope of the DMCplus controllers, how process nonlinearities are accommodated and a discussion of the critical success factors in these projects. APC has been particularly successful and well accepted in the refining industry. The case study 1 discusses a typical refinery unit - the fluid catalytic cracking unit. The case study 2 discusses an air separation unit which is a much less well covered APC application. In discussing the applications, various features of DMCplus are introduced.
Optical Disks Compete with Videotape and Magnetic Storage Media: Part II. (1988)

L'evolution technologique rend difficile le maintien de la distinction entre les moyens d'archivage numerise de masse et les outils de lecture. Le terrain d'entente serait que les choix soient determines par les applications et les besoins des utilisateurs
Increased CMP‐NeuAc:Galβ1,4GlcNAc‐R α2,6 sialyltransferase activity in human colorectal cancer tissues (1989)

The sialyltransferase activities of 10 human colorectal specimens were compared with those of the corresponding adjacent normal mucosa. Using asialofetuin as an acceptor we found, in tumor tissues of 9 out of 10 patients, an increased sialyltransferase activity towards the N-linked chains as determined upon peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase (PNGase) treatment. On the contrary, the activity towards the O-linked chains was not significantly changed. When the specificity of the sialyltransferase acting on N-linked chains was investigated by using N-acetyl-lactosamine (Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc) as an acceptor, we found that the alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase activity expressed by both normal and tumor colorectal tissues was far higher than the alpha 2,3-activity and that alpha 2,6 was the only sialyltransferase activity increased in tumor tissues. Kinetic analysis revealed that normal and tumor alpha 2,6 sialyltransferases have the same apparent Km for the acceptor substrate (469 and 465 microns), but normal enzyme has a higher Km for CMP-NeuAc (303 microns) than the tumor enzyme (50 microns). The higher affinity of tumor enzyme for the nucleotide-sugar might partially explain its increased activity in tumor tissues. In addition, tumor tissues contain a lower amount of sialic acid despite the increase in alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase activity.
Comparison of Ethidium Monoazide and Propidium Monoazide for the Selective Detection of Viable <i>Legionella</i> Cells (2010)

Ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA) have been utilized for selective PCR amplification of DNA from viable bacterial cells. In this study, we compared the abilities of EMA and PMA, together with real-time PCR, to specifically distinguish dead Legionella cells from viable cells. Several experiments showed that PMA or EMA treatment could specifically prevent the PCR amplification of DNA from dead Legionella cells in water samples. However, a 4-fold higher concentration of PMA than EMA was required to achieve this effect. EMA may therefore be more useful for practical environmental investigations of Legionella.
Underlayer designs to enhance the performance of EUV resists (2009)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has gained momentum as the method of choice for <32-nm half-pitch device fabrication. In this paper, we describe our initial attempts to increase an EUV resist's sensitivity without compromising resolution and line roughness via introduction of a thermally crosslinkable underlayer. The main purpose is to test the possibility of using a combination of photoacid generators (PAGs) and EUV sensitizers (phenol type) in the underlayer designs to enhance the overall performance of EUV resists. We have demonstrated the possible benefits of adding an EUV underlayer into the regular EUV litho stack and investigated the effect of PAG types and loadings on the photospeed and litho performance of three different EUV resists.
Detection of DNA Sequence with Enhanced Sensitivity and Higher FRET Efficiency Using a Light-Emitting Polymer, Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe and Anionic Surfactant System (2010)

An improved strategy has been developed for detection of DNA sequence by using water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer (PFP)/single-strand (ss) DNA and peptide nucleic acid labeled with fluorescent dye (PNAC*), where an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) system has been used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The method of detection is simple to use, fast and cost-effective. This method uses the phenomenon of Forester Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). The detection sensitivity of the biosensor has been improved by about ten times by using the anionic surfactant. It is observed that the effect of surfactant is to increase the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the PNAC* when the sequence of the DNA is complementary (to that of PNA probe). On the other hand when the two sequences are non-complementary, the PL intensity of the PNAC* is further reduced as compared to the case when surfactant was absent.
Double nanohole optical trapping: dynamics and protein-antibody co-trapping (2013)

A double nanohole in a metal film can optically trap nanoparticles such as polystyrene/silica spheres, encapsulated quantum dots and up-converting nanoparticles. Here we study the dynamics of trapped particles, showing a skewed distribution and low roll-off frequency that are indicative of Kramers-hopping at the nanoscale. Numerical simulations of trapped particles show a double-well potential normally found in Kramers-hopping systems, as well as providing quantitative agreement with the overall trapping potential. In addition, we demonstrate co-trapping of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with anti-BSA by sequential delivery in a microfluidic channel. This co-trapping opens up exciting possibilities for the study of protein interactions at the single particle level.
New Horizons in MR Technology: RF Coil Designs and Trends (2007)

Parallel imaging techniques have developed very rapidly, and realization of their full potential has required the design of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners with ever-increasing numbers of receiver channels (32 to 128). In particular, 1.5- and 3-Tesla fast MR imaging applications are now used in everyday clinical practice. Both strengths require maximum achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and multi-detector array coil optimization within the framework of the parallel imaging scheme for more advanced and faster clinical MR scanning. Preamplifiers are key components in the detector array coils and serve many functions beyond mere signal amplification. One critical function is to aid in the decoupling of individual coils, which is essential for optimal SNR and the performance of parallel imaging. To support a large number of detector array coils for parallel imaging, preamplifiers must be physically very small so that they may be tightly packed together to form an optimized detector array. The author herein reviews the state-of-the-art work reported by those skilled in the art to consider the rationale for determining how many channels are enough and how fast we can go. The paper explores the important and fundamental principles of RF array coils for MR imaging and reviews cutting-edge array coils, including those for transmit-SENSE or parallel transmission applications. The future of radiofrequency (RF) coil technology is also considered.
Hypoglycemic Activity of Polypeptide-p From a Plant Source (1981)

A hypoglycemic peptide, Polypeptide-p, has been isolated from fruit, seeds, and tissue of Momordica charantia Linn (bitter gourd). Amino acid analysis indicates a minimum molecular weight of approximately 11,000 (166 residues). Polypeptide-p is a very effective hypoglycemic agent when administered subcutaneously to gerbils, langurs, and humans.
[Establishment and application of standard serum proteomic pattern for diagnosis of early liver cancer]. (2011)

The standard serum 2-DE proteomic pattern for early liver cancer shows distinct differences from that of healthy subjects. The differentially expressed proteins and their specific combination pattern may have the potential for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of early liver cancer.
Surface confined self-assembly of polyampholytes generated from charge-shifting polymers (2015)

Polyampholyte-based films can be efficiently self-assembled onto a surface in a one-pot manner. By using a gradient of protons, morphogens, generated at an electrode surface, a charge-shifting polyelectrolyte present in solution can be transformed into a polyampholyte, leading to the continuous buildup of a film based on polyelectrolyte complexation.
Speech synthesis system based on a variable decimation/interpolation factor (2002)

In this paper we present a modification of the usual decimation-interpolation steps for resampling of speech signals which is especially adapted to arbitrary modification of fundamental frequency and duration of speech segments. The modification is intended to overcome the time and frequency domain limitation that such a resampling scheme imposes so it can be used in a speech synthesis system. The performance of this resampling method for prosody modification is better than the equivalent PSOLA (Pitch-Synchronous Overlap-Add) method when working at a sampling frequency of 8 to 10 kilohertz so the source spectrum of the voiced allophones can be said to be completely harmonical. An optimization of the proposed algorithm that allows a real time implementation is also discussed.
[Present-day trends in the development of nonpenetrating surgery of glaucoma]. (2004)

The so-called nonpenetrating surgeries have been, during the recent years, used on an expanding basis in patients with open-angle glaucoma. The paper focuses on their evolution from sinusotomy, suggested by M.M. Krasnov in 1962, to different variations of temporal-canal-stomy. Efficiency of the penetrating and nonpenetrating surgeries is comparatively analyzed; their possible action mechanisms are elucidated.
Interaction of deoxycytidine and deoxycytidine analogs in normal and leukemic human myeloid progenitor cells (1986)

The inhibitory effects of three deoxycytidine analogs, 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAZ) and Ara-5-azacytosine (AAC) were compared with respect to the clonogenic behavior of human promyelocytic leukemic cells (HL-60), a deoxycytidine kinase deficient subvariant (HL-60/Ara-C), and normal human myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM). When cells were continuously exposed to each agent for 7 days, Ara-C was the most inhibitory, DAZ slightly less effective and AAC the least inhibitory on a molar basis. HL-60/Ara-C were also highly cross-resistant to both DAZ and AAC. In the absence of deoxycytidine, all three agents were either equally inhibitory or slightly more inhibitory to the growth of CFU-GM than to HL-60, whereas administration of deoxycytidine in ten to one-hundred fold excess protected CFU-GM to a greater extent than HL-60. In contrast, administration of high concentrations of drugs, e.g. 10(-5)-10(-4) M, in conjunction with excess deoxycytidine exhibited greater toxicity toward CFU-GM than toward HL-60/Ara-C. Coadministration of deoxycytidine in ten-fold excess reduced the total intracellular accumulation and DNA incorporation of each analog in HL-60 cells by approx. 50%, whereas a hundred fold excess was associated with greater than a 90% reduction in these values. These studies demonstrate that deoxycytidine may antagonize the effects of Ara-C, DAZ and AAC in both normal and leukemic human myeloid cells, and that at low drug concentrations the degree of protection may be greater for normal elements. However, regimens employing high drug concentrations in conjunction with deoxycytidine do not appear to exert a selective inhibitory effect toward a highly resistant leukemic subvariant. These data suggest that alternative deoxycytidine/deoxycytidine analog dose relationships and schedules must be sought which are capable of selectively eradicating resistant cells.
Emerging entomopathogenic bacteria for insect pest management (2013)

The scientific community working in the field of insect pathology is experiencing an increasing academic and industrial interest in the discovery and development of new bioinsecticides as environmentally friendly pest control tools to be integrated, in combination or rotation, with chemicals in pest management programmes. In this scientific context, market data report a 15% annual growth of the biopesticide segment. This trend is in line with the requirements of new regulations on Integrated Pest Management. After few decades of research on microbial pest management dominated by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) , novel bacterial species are being discovered and developed into new products. With the aim to give a timely picture of the cutting-edge advancements in this renewed research field, different representative cases are reported, especially including Brevibacillus laterosporus , Chromobacterium subtsugae and Yersinia entomophaga .