gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bdellastasin, a serine protease inhibitor of the antistasin family from the medical leech (<i>Hirudo medicinalis</i>) (1998)

We have reported earlier the isolation and amino acid composition of bdellin A from medical leech, and characterised it as an inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin and acrosin [Fritz, H., Gebhardt, M., Meister, R. & Fink, E. (1971) in Proceedings of the international research conference on proteinase inhibitors (Fritz, H. & Tschesche, H., eds) pp. 271-280, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin]. In the present study, one of several chromatographic forms of this inhibitor was isolated from a semi-pure preparation. Elucidation of its amino acid sequence revealed that bdellin A is a member of the antistasin family. Therefore, it was renamed bdellastasin to avoid confusion with bdellin B, which is another trypsin-plasmin inhibitor from the medical leech, but of the Kazal type. Furthermore, a synthetic gene of bdellastasin was constructed, and the protein expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with yields of 29 mg/l. The recombinant bdellastasin was purified by hydrophobic interaction and anion-exchange chromatography. Comparison by mass spectroscopy, far-ultraviolet circular dichroism studies, sequence determination, and inhibition characteristics demonstrated the identity of recombinant and native bdellastasin. The Ki values of bdellastasin for inhibition of bovine trypsin and human plasmin are in the nanomolar range; no inhibition was detected for factor Xa, thrombin, tissue kallikrein, plasma kallikrein and chymotrypsin. Circular dichroism analyses indicated that bdellastasin is devoid of secondary-structural elements.
Clinical Experience with the Hemopump (1989)

Complications associated with surgical procedures generally required for implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) may limit them from providing adequate circulatory support for patients suffering from profound left ventricular failure (LVF). Such problems are minimized with the use of the Hemopump, a recently developed intraarterial LVAD. This 7 mm transvalvular axial flow blood pump is percutaneously powered by an external console with a flexible drive cable. Since April 1988, we have used the device effectively in 12 patients. Indications for device application included postcardiotomy shock in eight patients, acute allograft rejection in two, severe allograft failure in one, and acute myocardial infarction in one. The Hemopump was inserted from the femoral approach in eight patients, the ascending aorta in three, and the abdominal aorta in one. During the first 12 hr of support, cardiac index (CI) ranged from 1.14-2.98 L/min/m2, and pump flow was 3.0 to 3.6 L/min. As the patients' hearts recovered, the pump speed was gradually reduced. Circulatory support ranged from 26 to 139 hr; 10 of 12 patients were successfully weaned. The mean CI before device removal was 2.74 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2, and the pump flow was 2.14 +/- 0.69 L/min. No device-related infections or thromboembolic episodes occurred. Plasma-free hemoglobin remained within acceptable levels during pumping. Six patients survived more than 30 days after pump removal. Thus, the Hemopump can provide safe, stable, temporary circulatory support and can be expeditiously applied with minimal complications.
Control of magnetization states in microstructured permalloy rings (2004)

Magnetization processes of microstructured NiFe rings are studied by the fringe-field-induced local Hall effect and numerical model calculations. The changes in reversible and irreversible magnetization of single rings are detected with very high resolution. We observe that the type of magnetic transition depends on the ratio between the inner and outer ring diameter. For narrow rings, sharp transitions from so-called “onion” to the “vortex” state are observed. In rings with smaller inner diameter, the transitions are more complex. The creation of local vortices and their spatial movement by applying an external magnetic field are detected.
High Temperature Simulated Distillation of Bitumen Fractions with Open Tubular Capillary Columns Depleted in Silicone/Siloxane Stationary Phases (2013)

High Temperature Simulated Distillation (HTSD) is routinely carried out in petroleum laboratories for characterization of heavy hydrocarbon fractions. However, thermal cracking from HTSD high operating temperatures (up to 430 °C) has been reported to affect analytes during the chromatographic process. This work showed the feasibility of using silicone/siloxane depleted stationary phase wide bore capillary columns for HTSD carried out under lower setup temperatures to avoid cracking. Sequential low temperature elution for analysis followed by high temperature oven cycles for injector cleaning were found mandatory for successful operation. Depleted stationary phase metal capillary columns were determined as a feasible interesting alternative, advantageous from the point of view of column life span and retention times constancy. Present findings suggest that these columns can have useful life in the greater than or equal to a year span. Heavy hydrocarbon upgrading monitoring with standard and depleted stationary phase metal columns was found equivalent, further supporting the feasibility of using the latter for routine applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the internal wall of metal columns highlighted differences brought by stationary phase depletion, particularly on the silicone/siloxane groups. Finally, preliminary results indicated that one further alternative to avoid “on column” thermal cracking is to elute standard columns to temperature limits <370 °C.
Pyroelectric properties of barium strontium titanate films: Effect of thermal stresses (2010)

A nonlinear thermodynamic model is used to investigate the influence of thermal stresses on the room temperature (RT) pyroelectric properties of (001)-textured polycrystalline barium strontium titanate (BaxSr1−xTiO3, BST) films with four different compositions on three integrated circuit-friendly substrates: Si, (0001) and (1¯1¯20) sapphire. It is found that the in-plane tensile thermal strain in BST increases with increasing deposition/processing temperature TG due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the BST film and the selected substrate materials. Considering the variations in the ferroelectric phase transformation due to thermal strains, our findings show that relatively lower processing temperatures would result in better pyroelectric response. For BST 60/40 and 70/30 on all the substrates, the film is in the paraelectric state for TG=25–800 °C and the pyroelectric response is due to the interplay of the electric field and thermal strain dependence of the dielectric constant and the TG-dependence of the thermal strains. While the RT pyroelectric response of these films is expected to be relatively low (0.02–0.05 μC/cm2 K at ∼200 kV/cm), at high applied fields the pyroelectric properties do not display a significant dependence on the temperature at which the material was treated. On the other hand, BST 80/20 and BST 90/10 films may be in the ferroelectric state at RT depending on TG. If TG can be adjusted such that the ferroelectric phase transformation is near RT, a relatively high bulklike pyroelectric response (&gt;0.5–1.0 μC/cm2 K) can be realized. However, the pyroelectric coefficient decreases sharply above and below these “critical” TG, and thus a precise temperature control during processing would be required.
Effects of a cage enrichment program on heart rate, blood pressure, and activity of male sprague-dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats monitored by radiotelemetry. (2005)

To determine whether a nonsocial enrichment program affects cardiovascular responses of individually housed male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats under basal conditions and after potentially stressful procedures, we used radiotelemetry to record heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and activity in the cage. Enrichment comprised a simulated burrow (Rodent Retreat), then a food foraging item ("rat cannoli") 2 days later, and a paper bag of bedding for shredding (Nestpak) after another 2 days. Data were collected under undisturbed conditions and before and after several acute and chronic manipulations mimicking common husbandry, experimental, and stressful procedures. Enrichment often, but not always, reduced HR and SBP in male rats, suggesting decreased arousal and stress, and the effects depended on the parameter measured, strain of rat, and nature of the procedure to which animals were exposed. In general, HR varied more than SBP; enrichment affected SH rats more than SD rats; effects of enrichment were more consistently observed under undisturbed conditions than after manipulations of the rats; moderate responses to acute husbandry and experimental procedures were affected more than the larger changes produced by very stressful procedures; and responses to social interactions were unaffected by the enrichment program. What accounts for these variable effects of enrichment is unclear, and more studies are required to resolve the mechanisms. Whether this enrichment program should be used in an animal facility depends on several factors, particularly the professional judgment of the research, veterinary, and animal care staffs involved.
1-Methyl-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridin-1-ium-2-olate (2011)

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(11)ClN(2)O(2), the nine-membered heterobicycle is approximately planar [largest deviation from least-squares plane = 0.012 (2) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 51.14 (8)° with the plane of the 4-chloro-phenyl group. There is a non-classical intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the pyridine α-H atom and the O atom of the benzoyl group. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions involving the 'olate' O atom and the Cl atom attached to the benzoyl group as acceptors.
The Effects of a Cetylpyridinium Chloride Prebrushing Rinse as an Adjunct to Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health (1991)

A NUMBER OF MOUTHWASH PRODUCTS containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are available. Data for individual products are limited, although overall the antiseptic has been shown to reduce plaque. Results for gingivitis reductions by CPC have been equivocal. This study was an active/placebo parallel group design to evaluate the use of a CPC mouthrinse as an adjunct to oral hygiene when used before toothbrushing. Plaque and gingivitis scores were recorded at baseline and after 6 weeks, following twice daily use of the active or placebo prebrushing rinses. Plaque and gingivitis were significantly reduced at 6 weeks in both groups with no significant treatment differences between the active and placebo formulations. Whether the order of rinsing to toothbrushing influenced these findings cannot be determined. However, the results further question the adjunctive benefits of CPC rinses to gingival health.
Multiple instruction sets architecture (MISA) (2011)

In the computer hardware industry, there are currently two highly successful instruction set architectures (ISAs): the CISC X86 ISA which is an established standard architecture in the personal computer and server markets, and the RISC ARM ISA which is currently used in many ultra-mobile computing devices, such as smart-phones and tablets. Platforms that run one standard ISA cannot run the other ISA application binaries without recompiling the source code. We are investigating the technical feasibility of designing an energy-efficient multiple instruction sets architecture (MISA) processor that can run both X86 and ARM binaries. We propose an approach in which special decoders interpret the binary instructions of the running ISA and translates them to a native target machine ISA that executes within the processor pipeline. We discuss the completed initial stage of our work involving the design of XAM, an X86 hardware binary interpreter for a MISA processor that runs native ARM instructions, and describe our design in detail. We present performance and energy simulation results of our MISA processor design for a set of synthetic benchmarks including Dhrystone 2.1, measured using the ARM SimpleScalar microarchitecture and power simulator. We also discuss design issues of an ARM to X86 hardware interpreter we are currently developing. We expect the completed X86-to-ARM design and the current ARM-to-X86 work to lay a foundation for designing a well optimized processor having a new native ISA that can run efficiently both X86 and ARM binaries, using direct hardware interpretation.
Poster Abstracts (2011)

Nitricoxide (NO) is a biological signaling molecule that is generated by NO synthase (NOS) from L-arginine.It has been demonstrated that NO has a crucial role in maturation of mammalian oocytes.In this study, the importance of NO/ NOS system in in-vitro maturation of ovine oocytes was investigated.Different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 mM) of L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, were used to evaluate the effect of the inhibition of NOS on cumulus expansion and meiotic resumption of sheep oocytes.The results were evaluated by chi-square test and p < 0.05 was considered significant.L-NAME in the highest concentration (10 mM) inhibited total cumulus expansion as compared to control (p < 0.05).It also suppressed the meiotic maturation and the extrusion of first polar body in a dose-dependent manner.The percentage of oocytes at MII stage was 26.47%, 40.72%, 63.78% and 75.16% for 10, 1, 0.1 mM and control group, respectively.To evaluate if the effect is reversible, 0.1 mM sodiumnitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) was added in the treatment containing 10 mM L-NAME.The concomitant addition of L-NAME with SNP reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMAE on cumulus expansion and meiotic maturation.These results indicate that NO/NOS system is involved in maturation of sheep oocytes.
Regulation of adenovirus and cellular gene expression and of cellular transformation by the E1B-encoded 175-amino-acid protein (1988)

Mutants of type 5 adenovirus that fail to express the E1B-gene-encoded 175-amino-acid (175R) protein are unable to morphologically transform primary or continuous cultures of rat embryo fibroblast cells. This phenotype could result from a direct effect of this E1B polypeptide (along with E1A polypeptides) on cellular gene expression resulting in a pathway leading to altered cell growth or from an indirect role of the 175R protein made possible by its ability to modulate viral early-gene (most likely E1A) expression. To distinguish between these two models, viruses were constructed that expressed the individual E1A 13S and 12S genes in the presence of either the E1B 175R or 495R protein. Regardless of the E1A gene product that was expressed, viruses that failed to express the E1B 175R protein were transformation defective. Additional studies suggest that the E1A 289R protein and E1B 495R protein function in a common pathway leading to the establishment of the transformed cell. We also observe that E3 gene expression by viruses that fail to express the E1A 289R protein affects the efficiency of focus formation. When tested in both nonpermissive CREF cells and permissive HeLa cells, the lack of 175R protein expression appeared to have no effect (a transient twofold decrease in E1A mRNA accumulation was observed in CREF cells) on viral early-gene expression. These results suggest that the initiation of the transformed cell phenotype occurs because of some interaction in a common pathway between the viral E1A proteins and E1B 175R protein. Furthermore, we have shown that the E1B 175R protein does not enhance the rate of transcription initiation from the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene promoter when these sequences are localized on a viral genome, and it does not diminish the ability of the E1A proteins to decrease the rate of enhancer-dependent transcription.
A Web Page Malicious Code Detect Approach Based on Script Execution (2009)

Web page malicious code detection is a crucial aspect of Internet security. Current Web page malicious codes detection work by checking for ¿signatures¿, which attempt to capture (syntactic) characteristics of the known malicious codes. This reliance on a syntactic approach makes such detectors vulnerable to code obfuscations, increasingly used by malicious codewriters, which alter syntactic prosperities of the malicious code without affecting their execution behavior significantly. This paper takes the position that the key to Webpage malicious code lies in their execution behavior. It proposes a script execution behavior feature based framework for analyzing propose of malicious codes and proving properties such as soundness and completeness of these malicious codes. Our approach analyses the script and confirms the script which contains malicious code by finding shell code, overflow behavior and hidden hyper link. As a concrete application of our approach,we show that the script execution behavior based Webpage malicious code detector can detect many known malicious code but also the newest malicious code.
Random indexing of text samples for latent semantic analysis (2000)

VD, the result is not nearly as good: only 36% correct. The authors conclude that the reorganization of information by SVD somehow corresponds to human psychology. We have studied high-dimensional random distributed representations, as models of brainlike representation of information (Kanerva, 1994# Kanerva &amp; Sjodin, 1999). In this poster we report on the use of such a representation to reduce the dimensionality of the original words-by-contexts matrix. The method can be explained by looking at the 60,000 \\Theta 30,000 matrix of frequencies above. Assume that each text sample is represented by a 30,000-bit vector with a single 1 marking the place of the sample in a list of all samples, and call it the sample&apos;s index vector (i.e., the nth bit of the index vector for the nth text sample is 1---the representation is unitary or local) . Then the words-by-contexts matrix of frequencies can be gotten by the following procedure: every time that the word w occurs in the nth text sample, the
Expression profile of proteins involved in scar formation in the healing process of full‐thickness excisional wounds in the porcine model (2007)

Scar formation in deep dermal wounds is associated with excessive collagen deposition and contraction. Increased collagen synthesis and decreased collagen degradation are the mechanisms through which this form of fibrosis can occur. Another factor might be a different kind of collagen cross-linking seen in fibrotic skin diseases. This type of cross-linking is dependent on the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase-2b. In this study, we examined the expression profile of the potential key players in scar formation in time in healing of acute wounds. Collagen types I and III, lysyl hydroxylase-2b, alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor betas, and the matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor mRNA levels were determined. All genes examined show distinct expression patterns over time. The expression of lysyl hydroxylase-2b peaks at day 7, and precedes collagen types I and III expression. Eight weeks after wounding, the scars showed an increased level of lysyl hydroxylase-2b-mediated collagen cross-linking. This study shows that the fibrosis-specific type of cross-linking of collagen seen in human hypertrophic scarring also plays a role in this animal model of wound healing. Moreover, the expression of the putative gene responsible for this type of cross-linking, the lysyl hydroxylase-2b, is elevated during wound healing.
A classification and evaluation of data movement technologies for the delivery of highly voluminous scientific data products (2006)

In this paper, we present a preliminary study of several different electronic data movement technologies. We detail our approach to classifying the technologies included in our study and present the preliminary results of some initial performance benchmarking. Our studies suggest that highly parallel TCP/IP streaming technologies, such as GridFTP and bbFTP, outperform commercial and open-source UDP-bursting technologies in several of the key data movement dimensions that we studied.
PROLONGATION OF PORCINE ISLET XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN MICE AFTER THERAPY WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PEPTIDES (1998)

Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of these immunomodulatory peptides may help in the development of novel immunosuppressive protocols.
Effect of acidic phospholipids on sphingosine kinase (1996)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) is a unique sphingolipid metabolite involved in cell growth regulation and signal transduction. SPP is formed from sphingosine in cells by the action of sphingosine kinase, an enzyme whose activity can be stimulated by growth factors. Little is known of the mechanisms by which sphingosine kinase is regulated. We found that acidic phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserine, induced a dose-dependent increase in sphingosine kinase activity due to an increase in the apparent Vmax of the enzyme. Other acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, and cardiolipin stimulated sphingosine kinase activity to a lesser extent than phosphatidylserine, whereas neutral phospholipids had no effect. Diacylglycerol, a structurally similar molecule which differs from phosphatidic acid in the absence of the phosphate group, failed to induce any changes in sphingosine kinase activity. Our results suggest that the presence of negative charges on the lipid molecules is important for the potentiation of sphingosine kinase activity, but the effect does not directly correlate with the number of negative charges. These results also support the notion that the polar group confers specificity in the stimulation of sphingosine kinase by acidic glycerophospholipids. The presence of a fatty acid chain in position 2 of the glycerol backbone was not critical since lysophosphatidylserine also stimulated sphingosine kinase, although it was somewhat less potent. Dioleoylphosphatidylserine was the most potent species, including a fourfold stimulation, whereas distearoyl phosphatidylserine was completely inactive. Thus, the degree of saturation of the fatty acid chain of the phospholipids may also play a role in the activation of sphingosine kinase.
Ambient‐Dried Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogel Membranes with High Tensile Strength and Their Use for Aerosol Collection and Templates for Transparent, Flexible Devices (2015)

The application potential of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogels has been hindered by the slow and costly freeze‐ or supercritical drying methods. Here, CNF aerogel membranes with attractive mechanical, optical, and gas transport properties are prepared in ambient conditions with a facile and scalable process. Aqueous CNF dispersions are vacuum‐filtered and solvent exchanged to 2‐propanol and further to octane, followed by ambient drying. The resulting CNF aerogel membranes are characterized by high transparency (>90% transmittance), stiffness (6 GPa Young's modulus, 10 GPa cm 3 g −1 specific modulus), strength (97 MPa tensile strength, 161 MPa m 3 kg −1 specific strength), mesoporosity (pore diameter 10–30 nm, 208 m 2 g −1 specific surface area), and low density (≈0.6 g cm −3 ). They are gas permeable thus enabling collection of nanoparticles (for example, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, SWNT) from aerosols under pressure gradients. The membranes with deposited SWNT can be further compacted to transparent, conductive, and flexible conducting films (90% specular transmittance at 550 nm and 300 Ω ◻ − 1 sheet resistance with AuCl 3 ‐salt doping). Overall, the developed aerogel membranes pave way toward use in gas filtration and transparent, flexible devices.