gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modelling of supercapacitor using artificial neural network technique (2014)

Because of the complex dynamic behavior of supercapacitor, its modeling must be based on parallel, distributed structures (each component has to represent a model of activity, distributed on many processing units), with learning capacity. For this purpose, the paper proposes a new feed forward artificial neural network structure with two hidden layers and with backpropagation training. The neural network provides, after activation, training, testing and reinitializing, output values with a total correlation of 0, 9426 compared with target values.
Hypoxia modulation and radiosensitization by the novel dual EGFR and VEGFR inhibitor AEE788 in spontaneous and related allograft tumor models (2007)

Concomitant inhibition of ErbB1/2- and VEGF receptor-signaling synergizes when used in combination with DNA-damaging agents. Here, we investigated for the first time the combined treatment modality of the novel dual specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 with ionizing radiation and analyzed treatment-induced end points in situ as indicators for a potential sensitizing mechanism. Furthermore, we assessed tumor hypoxia in response to different antiangiogenic and antiproliferative treatment modalities. The combined treatment effect was investigated in a spontaneously growing mammary carcinoma model and against Her-2/neu-overexpressing mammary carcinoma allografts. In tumor allografts derived from murine mammary carcinoma cells of mouse mammary tumor virus/c-neu transgenic mice, a minimal treatment regimen with AEE788 and fractionated irradiation resulted in an at least additive tumor response. Treatment response in the corresponding spontaneous tumor model strongly exceeded the response induced in the isogenic allografts. Treatment-induced changes of tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and microvessel density were similar in the two tumor models. Treatment with AEE788 alone or in combination with IR strongly improved tumor oxygenation in both tumor models as determined by the detection of endogenous and exogenous markers of tumor hypoxia. Specific inhibition of the VEGF-receptor tyrosine kinase versus Erb1/2-receptor tyrosine kinase indicated that it is the antiproliferative and not the antiangiogenic potency of AEE788 that mediates the hypoxia-reducing effect of this dual kinase-specific inhibitor. Overall, we show that concomitant inhibition of ErbB- and VEGF-receptor signaling by AEE788, in combination with ionizing radiation, is a promising treatment approach, especially in hypoxic, oncogenic ErbB-driven tumors.
Laser–nanostructure interactions for ion production (2012)

Interactions between pulsed laser radiation and nanostructured materials, with dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 500 nm, can result in enhanced desorption and ionization of organic and biomolecular adsorbates. When the critical dimensions of the nanostructures fall below the characteristic lengths for the involved transport processes, novel regimes of ion production are observed. Systems with dimensions commensurate with the wavelength of the laser radiation are the basis of photonic ion sources with unique properties, including polarization dependent ion yields and fragmentation. The main characteristics of these systems are often governed by altered modes of transport, e.g., ballistic vs. diffusive, energy confinement, plasmon resonances, and local field enhancements. Some structures offer control over the internal energy and the active fragmentation channels for the produced ions. Emerging applications of photonic ion sources in mass spectrometry benefit from ultrahigh sensitivity, a wide dynamic range for detection and quantitation, and a broad coverage of adsorbates ranging from small organic molecules to biopolymers, as well as to highly complex samples like single cells.
The Nature and Determinants of Neuropsychological Functioning in Late-LifeDepression (2004)

Late-life depression is characterized by slowed information processing, which affects all realms of cognition. This supports the concept that frontostriatal dysfunction plays a key role in LLD. The putative role of some risk factors was validated (eg, advanced age, low education, depression severity), whereas others were not (eg, medical burden, age at onset of first depressive episode). Further studies of neuropsychological functioning in remitted LLD patients are needed to parse episode-related and persistent factors and to relate them to underlying neural dysfunction.
Specific base recognition of oligodeoxynucleotides by capillary affinity gel electrophoresis using polyacrylamide-poly(9-vinyladenine) conjugated gel (1992)

Poly(9-vinyladenine) was synthesized and utilized as an affinity macroligand entrapped within the gel matrix. Base-specific separation of oligodeoxynucleotides was achieved with high resolution and high speed by electrophoresis, using capillaries filled with conjugated polyacrylamide-poly(9-vinyladenine) gel. Oligothymidylic acids were selectively separated from the mixture of oligothymidylic and oligodeoxyadenylic acids by utilizing a specific hydrogen bonding between poly(9-vinyladenine) and oligothymidylic acids. Migration time and resolution of oligodeoxynucleotides were influenced by several parameters, such as the size of poly(9-vinyladenine), capillary temperature, and concentrations of poly(9-vinyladenine) and urea. Some guidelines are presented, based on the theoretical formulation of the effect of these parameters, in order to find optimum electrophoretic conditions. Analytical capillary affinity gel electrophoresis was developed for the selective and sensitive base recognition of oligodeoxynucleotides with efficiencies as high as several 10(6) plates/m by using a urea-gel capillary with poly(9-vinyladenine) and temperature-programming.
Machine learning models identify molecules active against the Ebola virus in vitro (2016)

<ns4:p>The search for small molecule inhibitors of Ebola virus (EBOV) has led to several high throughput screens over the past 3 years. These have identified a range of FDA-approved active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with anti-EBOV activity <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic> and several of which are also active in a mouse infection model. There are millions of additional commercially-available molecules that could be screened for potential activities as anti-EBOV compounds. One way to prioritize compounds for testing is to generate computational models based on the high throughput screening data and then virtually screen compound libraries. In the current study, we have generated Bayesian machine learning models with viral pseudotype entry assay and the EBOV replication assay data. We have validated the models internally and externally. We have also used these models to computationally score the MicroSource library of drugs to select those likely to be potential inhibitors. Three of the highest scoring molecules that were not in the model training sets, quinacrine, pyronaridine and tilorone, were tested <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic> and had EC<ns4:sub>50</ns4:sub> values of 350, 420 and 230 nM, respectively. Pyronaridine is a component of a combination therapy for malaria that was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency, which may make it more readily accessible for clinical testing. Like other known antimalarial drugs active against EBOV, it shares the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold. Tilorone, is an investigational antiviral agent that has shown a broad array of biological activities including cell growth inhibition in cancer cells, antifibrotic properties, α7 nicotinic receptor agonist activity, radioprotective activity and activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1. Quinacrine is an antimalarial but also has use as an anthelmintic. Our results suggest data sets with less than 1,000 molecules can produce validated machine learning models that can in turn be utilized to identify novel EBOV inhibitors <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic>.</ns4:p>
A Subthreshold-MOSFETs-Based Scattered Relative Temperature Sensor Front-End With a Non-Calibrated $\pm 2.5^{\circ}{\rm C}$$3\sigma$ Relative Inaccuracy From -$40^{\circ}{\rm C}$ to 100$^{\circ}{\rm C}$ (2013)

This paper presents a subthreshold MOSFETs-based scattered relative temperature sensor front-end operating at a low supply voltage. Dynamic element matching and dynamic offset cancellation have been implemented to minimize the errors induced by device mismatches. An individual proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) voltage generator was first implemented to verify the low voltage operation capability and the mismatch-error correction. A low voltage reference circuit has been also designed and tested. A gate-bulk-driven error correction amplifier is proposed in order to minimize the offset error and maintain low voltage operation. The scattered relative temperature sensor front-end was then implemented in AMI 0.5 μm CMOS process with an array of 5 × 5 sensor nodes across the chip. The minimum supply voltage was measured as 1 V over -40-100°C with a typical N-JP-type threshold voltage of around 0.8 V and 0.9 V at room temperature, respectively. The measured relative inaccuracy was less than ±2.5°C without calibration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that non-calibrated on-chip relative temperature monitoring accuracy is reported. Furthermore, the multi-location thermal monitoring function has been experimentally demonstrated and a 2°C/mm on-chip temperature gradient was detected.
The effectiveness of intelligent scheduling for multicast video-on-demand (2009)

As more and more video content is made available and accessed on-demand, content and service providers face challenges of scale. Today's delivery mechanisms, especially unicast, require resources to scale linearly with the number of receivers and library sizes. Unlike these mechanisms, with multicast, the load on a server is relatively independent of the number of receivers. Adopting multicast for on-demand access, however, is challenging because of the need to temporally aggregate requests. In this paper, we investigate the importance of an intelligent scheduler and a good data model for achieving good aggregation of requests into multicast groups. We examine the use of an Earliest Deadline First (EDF)-like scheduler that aims to schedule the transmission of chunks of video according to their deadlines using multicast. We show through analysis that this approach is optimal in terms of the data transmitted by the server. Using trace data from an operational service, we show that our approach reduces server bandwidth by as much as 65% compared to traditional techniques such as unicast and cyclic multicast. Finally, our approach achieves good aggregation even when 50% of the users use a typical VoD stream-control function like skip, to view different parts of the video.
A Commercial Scale Study of the Efficiency of Propionic Acid and Calcium Propionate as Fungistats in Poultry Feed (1979)

The effect of propionic acid and calcium propionate as mold inhibitors and heating preventors in poultry feed stored under Israeli summer conditions was studied in a commercial-scale study. Heating processes in untreated feed and in feed treated with calcium propionate .5% (w/v) started after 19 and 26 days of storage, respectively, while in feed treated with propionic acid .3% (w/v) heating started after 53 days. Maximum CO2 levels in untreated feed and in feed treated with propionic acid or calcium propionate were 18%, 12.2%, and 9%, respectively, while fungal population density in feed treated with the propionic acid was lower than in calcium propionate-treated feed and control. Aspergillus was the dominate genus among the microfloral population isolated from the feed during storage, whereas Aspergillus candidus was the most frequent species. No aflatoxin was detected in any of the feeds. It is concluded that propionic acid is a more effective fungistat than calcium propionate under local summer conditions.
Inferior turbinectomy: Comparison of four techniques (1990)

As yet, there is not totally satisfactory means for treating hypertrophied turbinates and the proper management of turbinate dysfunction remains in question. In the present series, four of the widely practiced surgical procedures for the reduction of the size of the inferior turbinates were evaluated and compared. In all cases turbinectomy was performed as an isolated procedure. Eighty patients with chronic non-allergic rhinitis and hypertrophied inferior turbinates were selected, randomly divided into four groups, and followed up post-operatively for one year. Study of the results indicated that the beneficial effect of the operation is mainly mechanical by reduction of the resistance to nasal airflow. The post-operative improvement in smell acuity correlated positively with the increased patency of the nasal airway. None of the procedures had a deleterious effect on olfactory acuity. In contrast, the operation failed to enhance the mucociliary clearance rate or significantly decrease nasal drainage. Partial inferior turbinectomy and laser turbinectomy improved nasal breathing in 77 per cent of patients, and enhanced olfactory acuity in 78 per cent of patients who had pre-operative hyposmia. The results of turbinoplasty and cryoturbinectomy were less favourable. The surgical technique, advantages, and drawbacks of each of these procedures are discussed.
Status of Nickel-Hydrogen Cell Technology (1980)

Nickel hydrogen cell technology has been developed which solves the problems of thermal management, oxygen management, electrolyte management, and electrical and mechanical design peculiar to this new type of battery. This technology was weight optimized for low orbit operation using computer modeling programs but is near optimum for other orbits. Cells ranging in capacity up to about 70 ampere-hours can be made from components of a single standard size and are available from two manufacturers. The knowledge gained is now being applied to the development of two extensions to the basic design: a second set of larger standard components that will cover the capacity range up to 150 ampere-hours; and the development of multicell common pressure vessel modules to reduce volume, cost and weight. A manufacturing technology program is planned to optimize the producibility of the cell design and reduce cost. The most important areas for further improvement are life and reliability which are governed by electrode and separator technology.
Autosomal dominant erythrocytosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with an activating HIF2α mutation (2008)

To the editor:

Erythropoietin production is regulated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Erythrocytosis with raised erythropoietin levels due to dysregulated HIF activity is recognized as a consequence of a hypomorphic HIFα E3 ubiquitin ligase ( VHL ) allele (Chuvash
A Randomized, Blinded Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Microwave Device for Treating Axillary Hyperhidrosis: The Dermatologic Reduction in Underarm Perspiration Study (2012)

The procedure demonstrated statistically significant, long-term efficacy in sweat reduction. As with any new procedure, findings from this first investigational device study identified optimization strategies for the future.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of approximately 300-nm-thick AlInN films nearly lattice-matched to<i>c</i>-plane GaN grown on sapphire (2018)

AlInN epitaxial films with film thicknesses up to approximately 300 nm were grown nearly lattice-matched to a c-plane GaN-on-sapphire template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The AlInN films showed relative good crystal qualities and flat surfaces, despite the existence of surface pits connected to dislocations in the underlying GaN film. The refractive index derived in this study agreed well with a previously reported result obtained over the whole visible wavelength region. The extinction coefficient spectrum exhibited a clear absorption edge, and the bandgap energy for AlInN nearly lattice-matched to GaN was determined to be approximately 4.0 eV.
Sensor fusion for swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles using modeling field theory (2006)

We are developing a technique, based upon modeling field theory, for performing automatic target detection, discrimination, and localization from information measured by a swarm of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with visual sensors. Swarms of sensors can facilitate detecting and discriminating low signal-to-clutter targets by allowing correlation between different sensor types and/or different aspect angles. However, for deployment of swarms to be feasible, UAVs must operate more autonomously. The current approach is designed to reduce the load on humans controlling UAVs by providing computerized interpretation of a set of images from multiple sensors. This method yields the bonus feature of estimating precise tracks for UAVs, which may be applicable for automatic collision avoidance. Modeling field theory (MFT) is particularly well suited for this problem because it uses fuzzy dynamic logic to mitigate combinatorial complexity by comparing all models and data simultaneously. Sample results are presented using simulated target signatures and two-dimensional UAV trajectories.
Aspiration Thrombectomy After Intravenous Alteplase Versus Intravenous Alteplase Alone (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01429350.
Crystallographic Complexes of Glucoamylase with Maltooligosaccharide Analogs:  Relationship of Stereochemical Distortions at the Nonreducing End to the Catalytic Mechanism<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Crystal structures at pH 4 of complexes of glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori var. X100 with the pseudotetrasaccharides D-gluco-dihydroacarbose and acarbose have been refined to R-factors of 0.147 and 0.131 against data to 1.7- and 2.0-A resolution, respectively. The two inhibitors bind in nearly identical manners, each exhibiting a dual binding mode with respect to the location of the last sugar residues. The reduced affinity of D-gluco-dihydroacarbose (K1 = 10(-8) M) relative to acarbose (K1 = 10(-12) M) may stem in part from the weakening of hydrogen bonds of the catalytic water (Wat 500) to the enzyme. Steric contacts between the nonreducing end of D-gluco-dihydroacarbose and the catalytic water perturb Wat 500 from its site of optimal hydrogen bonding to the active site. Interactions within the active site displace the 6-hydroxymethyl group of the nonreducing end of both acarbose and D-gluco-dihydroacarbose toward a more axial position. In the case of D-gluco-dihydroacarbose the shift in the position of the 6-hydroxymethyl group occurs with a 12 degrees change in two dihedral angles of the glucopyranose ring toward a half-chair conformation. The observed conformational distortion of the first residue of D-gluco-dihydroacarbose is consistent with the generation of a glucopyranosyl cation in the transition state. Comparable distortions of stereochemistry in model compounds require approximately 2 kcal/mol, not more than 25% of the energy necessary to form the half-chair conformation in glucose. The magnitude of stereochemical distortion observed in the active site of glucoamylase suggests that favorable electrostatic interactions between the putative glucopyranosyl cation intermediate and the active site must be more important in stabilizing the transition state than mechanical distortion of the substrate.
Cinnamon Extract Promotes Type I Collagen Biosynthesis via Activation of IGF-I Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2012)

The breakdown of collagenous networks with aging results in hypoactive changes in the skin. Accordingly, reviving stagnant collagen synthesis can help protect dermal homeostasis against aging. We searched for type I collagen biosynthesis-inducing substances in various foods using human dermal fibroblasts and found that cinnamon extract facilitates collagen biosynthesis. Cinnamon extract potently up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen without cytotoxicity. We identified cinnamaldehyde as a major active component promoting the expression of collagen by HPLC and NMR analysis. Since insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the most potent stimulator of collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts, we examined the effect of cinnamaldehyde on IGF-I signaling. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of the IGF-I receptor and its downstream signaling molecules such as insulin receptor substrate-1 and Erk1/2 in an IGF-I-independent manner. These results suggested that cinnamon extract is useful in antiaging treatment of skin.
Epithelial cell-fibroblast interactions in lung injury and repair. (1990)

Although direct intercellular contacts between alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts have been described in developing and adult lung, the frequency of such contacts and their relationship to type 2 cell division and differentiation in normal and abnormal repair is not known. The authors now correlate measurements of type 2 cell basal surface, basement membrane continuity, and the incidence of epithelial-interstitial cell contacts with the proliferative index of type 2 cells and fibroblasts in normal repair (after hyperoxia) and in abnormal repair with fibrosis (after bleomycin or butylated hydroxytoluene). In each case, type 1 cell necrosis was followed by an increase in type 2 cell basal surface as the cells spread over the denuded capillary wall before dividing. After hyperoxia, a high but short-lived peak in type 2 cell division was not accompanied by fibrosis. After more severe drug-induced injury, the type 2 proliferative phase was extended and was accompanied by prolonged fibroblast growth. Type 2 cells persisted where they covered a thick interstitium of fibroblasts and fibrillar collagen. The incidence of epithelial-interstitial cell contacts decreased at the time of maximal type 2 cell division, then increased immediately after the peak. The results suggest a reciprocal epithelial-fibroblast control system whereby 1) epithelial necrosis and delayed repair promotes fibroblast growth, and 2) direct contact of epithelial cells with fibroblasts or fibrillar collagen may provide a factor important for the regulation of type 2 cell growth and differentiation.
IBM Solves a Mixed-Integer Program to Optimize Its Semiconductor Supply Chain (2006)

IBM Systems and Technology Group uses operations research models and methods extensively for solving large-scale supply chain optimization (SCO) problems for planning its extended enterprise semiconductor supply chain. The large-scale nature of these problems necessitates the use of computationally efficient solution methods. However, the complexity of the models makes developing robust solution methods a challenge. We developed a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model and supporting heuristics for optimizing IBM’s semiconductor supply chain. We designed three heuristics, driven by practical applications, for capturing the discrete aspects of the MIP. We leverage the model structure to overcome computational hurdles resulting from the large-scale problem. IBM uses the model and method daily for operational and strategic planning decisions and has saved substantial costs.