gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the Maize Sulfite Oxidase Increases Sulfate and GSH Levels and Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco (2018)

Sulfite oxidase (SO) plays a pivotal role in sulfite metabolism. In our previous study, sulfite-oxidizing function of the <i>SO</i> from <i>Zea mays</i> (<i>ZmSO</i>) was characterized. To date, the knowledge of <i>ZmSO's</i> involvement in abiotic stress response is scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of <i>ZmSO</i> in drought stress. The transcript levels of <i>ZmSO</i> were relatively high in leaves and immature embryos of maize plants, and were up-regulated markedly by PEG-induced water stress. Overexpression of <i>ZmSO</i> improved drought tolerance in tobacco. <i>ZmSO</i>-overexpressing transgenic plants showed higher sulfate and glutathione (GSH) levels but lower hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under drought stress, indicating that <i>ZmSO</i> confers drought tolerance by enhancing GSH-dependent antioxidant system that scavenged ROS and reduced membrane injury. In addition, the transgenic plants exhibited more increased stomatal response than the wild-type (WT) to water deficit. Interestingly, application of exogenous GSH effectively alleviated growth inhibition in both WT and transgenic plants under drought conditions. qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of several sulfur metabolism-related genes was significantly elevated in the <i>ZmSO</i>-overexpressing lines. Taken together, these results imply that <i>ZmSO</i> confers enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants possibly through affecting stomatal regulation, GSH-dependent antioxidant system, and sulfur metabolism-related gene expression. <i>ZmSO</i> could be exploited for developing drought-tolerant maize varieties in molecular breeding.
Synthetic Studies of Vitamin D Analogues. IX. Synthesis and Differentiation-Inducing Activity of 1.ALPHA., 25-Dihydroxy-23-oxa-, thia-, and azavitamin D3. (1991)

Three vitamin D3 analogues, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-23-oxavitamin D3 (3), 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-23-thiavitamin D3 (4) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-23-azavitamin D3 (5) were synthesized. In the differentiation-inducing activity of human myeloid leukemia cells into macrophages in vitro, the 23-aza analogue (5) showed the least activity, while no remarkable differences were observed between the 23-oxa analogue (3) and the 23-thia analogue (4), which were less active than 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1).
FUNCIONALIDADE DE PACIENTES COM FIBROMIALGIA NA PERSPECTIVA DA CIF (2016)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a funcionalidade de pacientes com fibromialgia (FM). Participaram do estudo, 32 mulheres diagnosticadas com FM que preencheram a Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF), em sequencia as questoes da MIF foram codificadas pela Classificacao Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saude (CIF). Os resultados indicaram que as participantes apresentam funcionalidade completa/modificada (113,56 ± 10,87 pontos). As 18 questoes da MIF se transformaram em 15 categorias distintas da CIF. As categorias mais afetadas nos pacientes com FM foram: b144-funcoes da memoria, d175-resolver problemas, e d4551-subir. As categorias menos afetadas foram a d550-comer, d5308-cuidados relacionados aos processos de excrecao e d4108-mudar a posicao basica do corpo. A estrategia de se atribuir categorias da CIF as diferentes questoes da MIF facilitou a visualizacao dos deficits funcionais e contribuiu para o processo de pensamento e tomada decisao clinica. Descritores : CIF, Fibromialgia, Fisioterapia. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality of fibromyalgia patients (FM). Participated in this study, 32 women with FM who completed the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), in sequence the questions of FIM were coded by the International Classification Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The results indicated complete / modified functionality in these women (113.56 ± 10.87 points). The 18 questions of FIM gave rise 15 distinct ICF categories. The most affected categories in patients with FM were: b144-memory functions, d175-solve problems, and d4551-up. The categories less affected were the d550-eat, d5308-care related to the excretory processes and d4108-change the basic position of the body. The strategy of linking the ICF categories to FIM questions contributed to facilitated the visualization of functional deficits and contributed to the process of thinking and clinical decision making. Descriptors: ICF, Fibromyalgia, Physical Therapy.
Interaction with Pyridoxal as a Possible Mechanism of Hydralazine Hypotension (1990)

The mechanism by which the antihypertensive vasodilator hydralazine relaxes vascular smooth muscle is unknown. The drug interacts with pyridoxal and can produce B6 deficiency; it also inhibits a number of enzymes requiring pyridoxal as a cofactor, but there is no apparent relation between its enzymatic and blood pressure effects. To explore the possibility of a hydralazine-pyridoxal interaction at a nonenzymatic site, the acute hypotensive response to hydralazine was determined by tail cuff blood pressure (BP) measurements in conscious normotensive rats pretreated or not pretreated with pyridoxine. Other animals were pretreated with isoniazid, a drug also capable of reacting with pyridoxal. Responses to hydralazine were diminished by pyridoxine and enhanced by isoniazid; those to the vasodilator diazoxide or to the alpha-adrenergic blocker zolertine were unaffected by such pretreatments. The inhibitory effect of pyridoxine was absent when rats were pretreated with the calcium antagonists verapamil or cinnarizine. Hydralazine hypotension in anesthetized rats was also reduced by pyridoxal pretreatment. These results suggest that at least part of hydralazine-induced hypotension may be related to interaction with pyridoxal, possibly through interference with an effect of the vitamer on calcium and/or sodium transport into vascular smooth muscle.
Modeling Drug Molecule Solubility to Identify Optimal Solvent Systems for Crystallization (2008)

The utility of the recently developed nonrandom two-liquid segment activity coefficient (NRTL-SAC) model has been reported for solvent selection in support of industrial crystallization process design. In this paper, we present a recent successful application with NRTL-SAC to screen solvents for a crystallization medium with the goal to maximize API solubility and to minimize solvent usage. The NRTL-SAC model parameters for the molecule in development are first identified from a minimal set of solubility experiments in selected solvents. We then perform numerous in silico virtual experiments to explore the solubility behavior of the molecule in other pure solvents and mixed solvents. The modeling results suggested optimal solvent systems for the crystallization medium which are validated in physical laboratories and chosen for process scale-up. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the NRTL-SAC model and supports its use as a tool in drug development.
A Photodiode, Parallel Detection System for Energy Loss Spectrometry (1981)

The advantages of parallel detection systems for energy loss spectometry are certainly clear. A variety of approaches are possible ranging from simple film recording to elaborate intensified television cameras. We are in the process of evaluating one approach to such a parallel detection system, which consists of; a magnetic post-spectrometer lens to increase dispersion, a phosphor conversion plate, glass coupling lenses, a dual channeltron image intensifier, and a cooled photodiode array (Reticon RL256C/17). A schematic diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1. The post-spectrometer lens is an RCA-3G intermediate lens which typically magnifies (∼15x) the dispersion to ∼25μm/ev with a rotation of ∼90°. Although the dispersion plane of the straight edge sector magnet used is tilted at 30° from the beam axis, pre-spectrometer optics reduce the angular divergence of the beam entering and leaving the spectrometer to ∼1 mr and the consequently large depth of focus assures that the dispersed beam is in focus across the conversion plate, perpendicular to the beam axis.
Kinematics of the Cervical Spine in Lateral Bending (2006)

We succeeded in identifying in vivo coupled motions of the cervical spine in lateral bending for the first time.
Lack of Difference in Brain Hyperintensities Between Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease and Control Subjects (1994)

Tiny hyperintensities on magnetic resonance images are frequent both in patients with early Alzheimer's disease and in healthy controls; most of the lesions are not related to brain ischemia. When age and vascular risk factors were taken into account, no difference between patients with early Alzheimer's disease and control subjects could be detected.
Tracking Dynamics of Read/Write Head Suspensions in High-Performance Small Form Factor Rigid Disk Drives (1990)

Recording density of rigid disk drives is related to both linear and track density. High linear density requires submicron recording spacing which is made possible by using a gas-lubricated slider bearing to support the read/write transducer. This critical component has inspired much research effort in the past, both in industry and in academia. On the other hand, a major limitation in increasing the track density is the structural resonance of the suspension which connects the slider bearing to the actuator arm. In this paper, a nonintrusive measurement technique using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer is utilized to measure the submicron suspension vibration. Excitation of the suspension is provided by a miniature air-hammer, a piezoelectric transducer, and the voice-coil motor in commercial disk drives during normal operation. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are extracted from the measurements and compared with numerical data from finite element analysis. Correlation between suspension dynamics and off-track error is presented. Research shows that even for linear actuators, torsional vibration of the suspension causes substantial lateral head motions and contributes significantly to tracking error.
Membrane processes for a sustainable industrial growth (2012)

This review gives an overview of the key results in various fields of membrane technology with special emphasis to their exploitation in sustainable industrial applications. Considerable progress has been made in short time in a number of important application areas: membrane technology and engineering for water treatment, gas separation, purification and recovery in petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic industry, regenerative medicine etc. The basic properties of membrane operations (generally a-thermal; simple in concept and operation; modular and easy to scale-up; with a potential for more rational utilization of raw materials and recovery and reuse; compatible to a retrofit strategy) are at the basis of their integration into industrial practice.
Lithology and chronology of ice-sheet fluctuations (magnetic susceptibility of cores from the western Ross Sea) (1993)

The goals of the marine geology part of WAIS include reconstructing the chronology and areal extent of ice-sheet fluctuations and understanding the climatic and oceanographic influences on ice-sheet history. As an initial step toward attaining these goals, down-core volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) logs of piston cores from three N-S transects in the western Ross Sea are compared. The core transects are within separate petrographic provinces based on analyses of till composition. The provinces are thought to reflect the previous locations of ice streams on the shelf during the last glaciation. Magnetic susceptibility is a function of magnetic mineral composition, sediment texture, and sediment density. It is applied in the western Ross Sea for two purposes: (1) to determine whether MS data differentiates the three transects (i.e., flow lines), and thus can be used to make paleodrainage reconstructions of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet; and (2) to determine whether the MS data can aid in distinguishing basal till diamictons from diamictons of glacial-marine origin and thus, aid paleoenvironmental interpretations. A comparison of the combined data of cores in each transect is presented.
Synchronization primitives for a multiprocessor: a formal specification (1987)

Formal specifications of operating system interfaces can be a useful part of their documentation. We illustrate this by documenting the Threads synchronization primitives of the Taos operating system. We start with an informal description, present a way to formally specify interfaces in concurrent systems, give a formal specification of the synchronization primitives, briefly discuss the implementation, and conclude with a discussion of what we have learned from using the specification for more than a year.
1.12. Derecho y políticas ambientales en Canarias (Primer Semestre 2010) (2010)

1.12. Derecho y políticas ambientales en Canarias (Primer Semestre 2010)
<title>Hierarchical heterogeneous multiprocessor system for real-time motion picture coding</title> (1994)

A multiprocessor system for high-speed processing of hybrid image coding algorithms such as H.261, MPEG or digital HDTV is presented in this study. Using a combination of a highly parallel 32-bit microprocessor and function specific devices controlled by microprogrammed controller, a new processing module is designed for a high performance coding system. In this study, we use 32-bit transputers for overall control and for operations requiring small amount of computation such as quantization, and function specific devices for repeated operation such as DCT and motion estimation. We constructed the motion picture coder using geometrical parallel processing techniques for inter processing module and algorithmic parallel processing for intra module since a single module alone cannot perform hybrid coding system algorithms at high speed.
Intratesticular Arterial Anatomy (1990)

The normal course of the testicular artery reveals a superficial position of the major end arteries beneath the tunica albuginea where they may be subject to damage during surgical procedures. The arterial supply of the human testis demonstrates considerable individual variation, unlike most animal species which are morphologically stable. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphologic variation of the human testicular artery as it courses just beneath the tunica albuginea. The intragonadal course of the main testicular artery branches was plotted in 53 human testes injected with Batson's solution. The areas of the testis most likely to contain a major superficial arterial branch are the medial, anterior, and lateral surfaces of the lower pole. The areas of the testis least likely to contain a major arterial branch are the medial and lateral aspects of the upper pole.
Ultrasonographic scoring system score versus liver stiffness measurement in prediction of cirrhosis (2013)

The results indicate that this USSS has comparable efficacy to LSM in the diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Applying Trip@dvice Recommendation Technology to www.visiteurope.com (2006)

Implementing decision support technologies in a real commercial tourism destination portal is challenging. First of all, the peculiar problems related to the tourism domain, which have been studied in the recent years in eCommerce and tourism research, must be considered. But, to provide an effective and useful tool, one must tackle additional requirements arising from the technical and operational environment, which influence not only the software development and architectural issues, but also methodological aspects. This paper describes the main choices we taken and the approach we followed to integrate the Trip@dvice recommendation technology in www.visiteurope.com, the major European tourism portal launched in March 2006, with the goal of promoting Europe as a tourist destination.
Marine Natural Products. XXXVIII. Absolute Stereostructures of Altohyrtins A, B, and C and 5-Desacetylaltohyrtin A, Potent Cytotoxic Macrolides, from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Hyrtios altum. (1996)

Altohyrtins A (1), B (2), and C (3) and 5-desacetylaltohyrtin A (4), extremely potent cytotoxic macrolides, have been isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios altum. The absolute stereostructures of these macrolides have been elucidated on the bases of detailed NMR analysis, application of the modified α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid (MTPA) method to the hexa-MTPA esters, and application of the circular dichroism (CD) exciton chirality method.
Method Specific Calibration Corrects for DNA Extraction Method Effects on Relative Telomere Length Measurements by Quantitative PCR (2016)

Telomere length (TL) is increasingly being used as a biomarker in epidemiological, biomedical and ecological studies. A wide range of DNA extraction techniques have been used in telomere experiments and recent quantitative PCR (qPCR) based studies suggest that the choice of DNA extraction method may influence average relative TL (RTL) measurements. Such extraction method effects may limit the use of historically collected DNA samples extracted with different methods. However, if extraction method effects are systematic an extraction method specific (MS) calibrator might be able to correct for them, because systematic effects would influence the calibrator sample in the same way as all other samples. In the present study we tested whether leukocyte RTL in blood samples from Holstein Friesian cattle and Soay sheep measured by qPCR was influenced by DNA extraction method and whether MS calibration could account for any observed differences. We compared two silica membrane-based DNA extraction kits and a salting out method. All extraction methods were optimized to yield enough high quality DNA for TL measurement. In both species we found that silica membrane-based DNA extraction methods produced shorter RTL measurements than the non-membrane-based method when calibrated against an identical calibrator. However, these differences were not statistically detectable when a MS calibrator was used to calculate RTL. This approach produced RTL measurements that were highly correlated across extraction methods (r > 0.76) and had coefficients of variation lower than 10% across plates of identical samples extracted by different methods. Our results are consistent with previous findings that popular membrane-based DNA extraction methods may lead to shorter RTL measurements than non-membrane-based methods. However, we also demonstrate that these differences can be accounted for by using an extraction method-specific calibrator, offering researchers a simple means of accounting for differences in RTL measurements from samples extracted by different DNA extraction methods within a study.
Immunoglobulin G, A, and M Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplantation (2006)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies were measured in serum samples from 71 organ donors, 81 kidney transplant recipients at transplantation, and 67 patients during the posttransplant period by using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BK virus (BKV) and JC virus DNA were detected in urine and plasma by real-time PCR. IgG antibodies to BKV were demonstrated in the majority (80.3 to 100%) of patients irrespective of clinical category, but titers were highest in patients with active viral replication. IgA antibodies were present with greater frequency (72.7 to 81.3% versus 0 to 23.6%; P < 0.001) and higher titer (mean optical density, 0.11 to 0.15 versus 0.05 to 0.08; P < 0.001) in patients who were BKV DNA positive than those who were BKV DNA negative. IgM antibodies showed a similar pattern of reactivity but lower frequency in the setting of active viral replication (9.1 to 43.7% versus 0 to 1.4%; P < 0.001). A rise in IgG level of >0.577 optical density (OD) units or a rise in IgA or IgM level of >0.041 OD units was strongly associated with active viral replication. Urine viral load showed a positive correlation with IgM titer (r = 0.22) but a negative correlation with IgG titer (r = -0.28) and IgA titer (r = -0.1). Chronic dialysis patients typically did not have serologic or virologic evidence of active BKV infection. Anti-BKV titers did not rise in patients with JC viruria. In conclusion, measurement of anti-BKV antibody titer and class response can be used to detect the onset of viral replication. ELISAs can be quite specific despite considerable sequence homology between BK virus and JC virus.
Near Isogenic Lines Confirm a Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Gene from PI 88788 on Linkage Group J (2004)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most destructive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pests worldwide. The most common source of SCN resistance used in soybean breeding in the northern USA is PI 88788. Previous research has shown that PI 88788 carries a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring SCN resistance on linkage group (LG) G, which is believed to be rhg1 The objective of our research was to map and confirm additional SCN resistance QTL in Bell, a cultivar with resistance from PI 88788. One hundred four F4–derived lines (F4 population) developed from crossing the cultivars Bell and Colfax were tested for associations between 54 molecular markers and resistance to SCN populations PA3 (HG type 7, race 3) and PA14 (HG type 1.3.5.6.7, race 14). Three populations of near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed from F4 plants heterozygous for a region on LG J where a significant QTL was identified in the F4 population. The NIL populations were tested with genetic markers and also for resistance to both SCN populations. In the F4 population, SCN resistance QTL were identified at both rhg1 and on LG J. The LG J QTL was confirmed in NIL populations and was given the confirmed QTL designation cqSCN-003. The effect of cqSCN-003 was diminished in the NIL populations compared to the F4 population. This was at least partially the result of segregation distortion in the F4 population between the region containing rhg1 and the region containing cqSCN-003. These results show the importance of verifying QTL in confirmation populations to estimate accurately their effects.
Balanced detection in Brillouin optical time domain analysis (2014)

We propose the use of balanced detection in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensors. Balanced detection can be effectively accomplished among the Stokes and anti-Stokes bands in the probe signal. This type of detection leads to a doubling of the trace amplitude and at least a √2 increase in signal to noise ratio over the conventional configuration. Moreover, it leads to a complete cancellation of the common-mode noise in the probe signal, including relative intensity noise in Raman-assisted configurations. We show all these benefits both theoretically and experimentally.
Watching GaN Nanowires Grow (2003)

We report real-time high temperature transmission electron microscopy observations of the growth of GaN nanowires via a self-catalytic vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism. High temperature thermal decomposition of GaN in a vacuum yields nanoscale Ga liquid droplets and gallium/nitrogen vapor species for the subsequent GaN nanowire nucleation and growth. This is the first direct observation of self-catalytic growth of nanowires via the VLS mechanism and suggests new strategies for synthesizing electronically pure single-crystalline semiconductor nanowires.