gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumour surveillance: Missing peptides and MHC molecules (1998)

Immunotherapy involving CTL is an attractive alternative for treatment of various malignancies. One of the approaches currently being explored for immune targeting of human cancers involves potentiation of immunogenicity of malignant cells by gene transduction. This strategy is undoubtedly influenced by the ability of the malignant cells to endogenously process and present target epitopes on their cell surface for immune recognition by CTL. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that a large proportion of human cancers escape CTL-mediated immune surveillance by selectively down-regulating the expression of MHC class I molecules and peptide transporter genes. Understanding and molecular analysis of these immunologically relevant genetic defects in tumours is very important before translating preclinical studies of immunotherapy to rational clinical trials. Careful consideration of these potential limitations may lead to the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies and, potentially, prevention of tumour progression or development.
Current Research Situation of Natural Edible Plant-pigment and its Prospect (2005)

The edible plant-pigment,included classification,extractive method,purification technology and modified pigment,were introduced.The current research situation and development prospect in natural food plant-pigment was analyzed.
Electric field imaging pretouch for robotic graspers (2007)

This paper proposes the use of electric field sensors to implement "pretouch" for robotic grasping. Weakly electric fish use this perceptual channel, but it has not received much attention in robotics. This paper describes a series of manipulators each of which incorporates electric field sensors in a different fashion. In each case, the paper presents techniques for using the sensors, and experimental data collected. First, a simple dynamic-object avoidance technique is presented. Next, a 1-D alignment task for grasping is described. Then linear and rotary electrode scanning techniques are presented. It is shown that these techniques can distinguish a small object at close range from a large object farther away, a capability that may be important for grasping.
Immune evasion by varicelloviruses : the identification of a new family of TAP-inhibiting proteins (2007)

From the earliest times of their evolution, multi-cellular organisms have been defending themselves against infectious agents like nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Continuous selection pressure resulted in the development of sophisticated immune systems, which in their adaptive forms have exquisite specificity as well as memory for pathogen antigens. On the other hand, infectious agents developed elaborate strategies to escape from, or counteract, host defense mechanisms. Viruses are totally dependent upon host cells for replication and have developed an impressive variety of mechanisms to shield themselves from being detected by the host immune system. The subject of this thesis concerns a particular example of how viruses, specifically some members of genus Varicellovirus, counteract an important step in one of the acquired immunity pathways: the presentation of antigen by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules to cytotoxic T-cells. This thesis describes the discovery of a new family of proteins that inhibit the Transporter associated with Antigen Processing (TAP), and sets the first steps towards the explanation of how these inhibitors interfere with antigen transport by the MHC class I loading complex.
Herpes simplex virus type‐1 immediate‐early gene expression and shut off of host protein synthesis are inhibited in neomycin‐treated human epidermoid carcinoma 2 cells (1990)

Infection of human epidermoid carcinoma-2 (HEp-2) cells by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) leads to significant activation of inositol phospholipid turnover after 15 min. The effect of neomycin, an inhibitor of inositol phospholipid turnover, has been investigated for its effect on HSV-1 multiplication in HEp-2 cells. HSV-1 multiplication is inhibited by neomycin. This inhibition is not due to a block of virus adsorption or penetration. Neomycin inhibits the expression of virus immediate-early genes, as well as expression of early genes and viral DNA synthesis. In neomycin-treated cells, the usual virion-associated shut off of host protein synthesis does not occur. These results indicate that the inositol phospholipid pathway is involved in immediate-early gene expression and shut off of host protein synthesis in HEp-2 cells.
Optimum Golomb Rulers (1979)

A Golomb ruler has m division marks with the spacings between marks positive integers such that the set of (m2 − m)/2 measurements which can be made between the marks are distinct. A fast search procedure is outlined for determining the shortest ruler. For 12 marks the shortest ruler is 85 units.
Robust Speaker Recognition with Combined Use of Acoustic and Throat Microphone Speech (2016)

Accuracy of automatic speaker recognition (ASV) systems degrades severely in the presence of background noise. <br/>In this paper, we study the use of additional side information provided<br/>by a body-conducted sensor, throat microphone. <br/>Throat microphone signal is much less affected by background noise in<br/>comparison to acoustic microphone signal. <br/>This makes throat microphones potentially useful for feature extraction or speech activity detection. <br/>This paper, firstly, proposes a new prototype system for simultaneous data-acquisition of acoustic and throat microphone signals. <br/>Secondly, we study the use of this additional information for both speech activity detection, feature extraction and fusion of the acoustic and throat microphone<br/>signals. <br/>We collect a pilot database consisting of 38 subjects including both clean and noisy sessions. We carry out speaker verification experiments using Gaussian mixture model with universal background model (GMM-UBM) and i-vector based<br/>system. <br/>We have achieved considerable improvement in recognition accuracy even in highly degraded conditions.
Investigation of PVD-DLC Thin Films Manufactured Using HIPIMS Etch / Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter (UBM) Deposition and Secondary Mechano-Chemical Modification (2009)

PVD diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coatings are finding increas-ing industrial acceptance in automotive, aerospace and medi-cal applications due to their reduced friction and low wear coefficient. Very recently, High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputter (HIPIMS) sources have been shown to produce fluxes with very high metal ion fractions similar to those produced by arc evaporation sources, without showing excessive heat-ing and droplet formation characteristics. These new source properties now enable industrial-scale low temperature operation, low roughness and high efficiency etching of the substrate prior to deposition to deliver enhanced adhesion. In this paper, we report on the properties and performance of HIPIMS-etched titanium-containing DLC (Me-DLC) and metal-free (graphite-based) C-DLC films deposited at tem-peratures below 160°C. Keywords: Diamond-like carbon, high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, mechano-chemical surface modification
BODY FLUID CHANGES DURING HYPERTONIC LACTATED SALINE SOLUTION THERAPY FOR BURN SHOCK (1977)

The body fluid changes of 12 burn patients treated with Hypertonic Lactate Saline solution (HLS group) were compared with 26 burn patients receiving isotonic therapy (iso Na group). 1) Total infusion volume during the first 48 hours postburn in the HLS group was only one-half to two-thirds of that in the iso Na group, although the sodium loads were nearly equal. 2) HLS therapy maintained sufficient functional extracellular fluid volume (f-ECFV) in the shock period and protected the excess increase of f-ECFV in the postresuscitative period, in contradistinction to the iso Na group. In this paper, some clinical problems such as a rapid shift of ECF water into the ICF space and hypernatremia following HLS administration are discussed.
Focusing monochromators for high energy synchrotron radiation (1992)

Bent crystals are introduced as monochromators for high energy synchrotron radiation. The reflectivity of the crystal can be calculated reliably from a model where the bent crystal is approximated by a stack of lamellas, which have a gradually changing angle of reflection. The reflectivity curves of a 4 mm thick, asymmetrically cut (χ=9.5°) Si(220) crystal are measured using 150 keV radiation and varying the bending radius from 25 to 140 m. The width of the reflectivity curve is up to 50 times the Darwin width of the reflection, and the maximum reflectivity exceeds 80%. The crystal is used as a monochromator in Compton scattering measurements. The source is on the focusing circle, so that the resolution is limited essentially by the detector/analyzer. A wide bandpass, sharply focused beam is attained when the source is outside the focusing circle in the transmission geometry. In a test experiment. 1012 photons on an area of 2 mm2 was observed. The energy band was about 4 keV centered at 40 keV. A powder diffraction pattern of a few reflections of interest was recorded by an intrinsic Ge detector, and this demonstrated that a structural transition can be followed at intervals of a few milliseconds.
Radiation via tunneling from a de Sitter cosmological horizon (2002)

Hawking radiation can usefully be viewed as a semiclassical tunneling process that originates at the black hole horizon. The same basic premise should apply to de Sitter background radiation, with the cosmological horizon of de Sitter space now playing the featured role. In fact, a recent work (M. K. Parikh, hep-th/0204107) has gone a long way to verifying the validity of this de Sitter--tunneling picture. In the current paper, we extend these prior considerations to arbitrary-dimensional de Sitter space, as well as Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetimes. It is shown that the tunneling formalism naturally censors against any black hole with a mass in excess of the Nariai value, thus enforcing a ``third law'' of Schwarzschild--de Sitter thermodynamics. We also provide commentary on the dS/conformal field theory correspondence in the context of this tunneling framework.
Inhibition of sympathetic hypertensive responses in the guinea‐pig by prejunctional histamine H<sub>3</sub>‐receptors (1992)

1. The effect of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, a selective H3-histamine receptor agonist, was examined on the neurogenic hypertension and tachycardia that is induced by stimulation of areas in the medulla oblongata of guinea-pigs. Electrical medullary stimulation (32 Hz, 3-5 s trains, 0.5-1.0 ms square pulse, 25-400 microA) produced intensity-dependent increases in blood pressure and a more variable tachycardia. 2. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine inhibited the hypertension and tachycardia due to submaximal CNS stimulation. The inhibition of hypertension by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine was dose-dependent (10-300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) and was not seen at high intensities of stimulation. 3. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) did not attenuate the pressor response to adrenaline (1 and 3 micrograms kg-1, i.v.), indicating that the effect of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine was not mediated by a postjunctional action on smooth muscle. 4. The inhibition of CNS-induced hypertension by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) was blocked by the H3 antagonists, thioperamide (ID50 = 0.39 mg kg-1, i.v.), impromidine (ID50 = 0.22 mg kg-1, i.v.) and burimamide (ID50 = 6 mg kg-1, i.v.). The rank order potency of these antagonists is consistent with activity at the H3B receptor subtype. Chlorpheniramine (30 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) and cimetidine (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) did not antagonize the inhibition of CNS-hypertension by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. 5. These results suggest that (R)-alpha-methylhistamine inhibits sympathetic hypertensive responses in guinea-pigs by activation of prejunctional H3-receptors, possibly located on postganglionic nerve terminals. Furthermore, on the basis of the rank order potency to different H3-antagonists, it appears that the H3B-receptor subtype is involved with H3-receptor responses on vascular sympathetic nerves.
Curved-Region-Based Ridge Frequency Estimation and Curved Gabor Filters for Fingerprint Image Enhancement (2011)

Gabor filters (GFs) play an important role in many application areas for the enhancement of various types of images and the extraction of Gabor features. For the purpose of enhancing curved structures in noisy images, we introduce curved GFs that locally adapt their shape to the direction of flow. These curved GFs enable the choice of filter parameters that increase the smoothing power without creating artifacts in the enhanced image. In this paper, curved GFs are applied to the curved ridge and valley structures of low-quality fingerprint images. First, we combine two orientation-field estimation methods in order to obtain a more robust estimation for very noisy images. Next, curved regions are constructed by following the respective local orientation. Subsequently, these curved regions are used for estimating the local ridge frequency. Finally, curved GFs are defined based on curved regions, and they apply the previously estimated orientations and ridge frequencies for the enhancement of low-quality fingerprint images. Experimental results on the FVC2004 databases show improvements of this approach in comparison with state-of-the-art enhancement methods.
The antiinflammatory effect of laminar flow: The role of PPARγ, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and soluble epoxide hydrolase (2005)

We previously reported that laminar flow activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in vascular endothelial cells in a ligand-dependent manner that involves phospholipase A2 and cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. In this study, we investigated whether epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the catalytic products of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases, are PPARgamma ligands. Competition and direct binding assays revealed that EETs bind to the ligand-binding domain of PPARgamma with K(d) in the microM range. In the presence of adamantyl-ureido-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-specific inhibitor, EETs increased PPARgamma transcription activity in endothelial cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Inclusion of AUDA in the perfusing media enhanced, but overexpression of sEH reduced, the laminar flow-induced PPARgamma activity. Furthermore, laminar flow augmented cellular levels of EETs but decreased sEH at the levels of mRNA, protein, and activity. Blocking PPARgamma by GW9662 abolished the EET/AUDA-mediated antiinflammatory effect, which indicates that PPARgamma is an effector of EETs.
Second-by-Second Measures of L-Glutamate and Other Neurotransmitters Using Enzyme-Based Microelectrode Arrays (2006)

L-Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and is implicated in a number of brain disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), cognitive disturbances, epilepsy, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and drug abuse. While microdialysis methods have been used extensively over the last decade to investigate minute-by-minute measures of L-glutamate, the rapid time dynamics of L-glutamate signaling in the CNS has warranted a technique to measure L-glutamate release on a second-by- second basis. A major goal of the research is to develop a recording technology for recording second-by-second measurements of L-glutamate and other neurotransmitters—specifically a mass-fabricated microelectrode technology that could be (1) mass produced such that other laboratories could utilize the same recording technology and (2) configured for “self-referencing” recordings, which allows for second-by-second cross-checking of the selectivity of the micro-electrode measures and improved signal-to-noise of the recording methods. The present chapter documents current capabilities of measuring L-glutamate and several other neurotransmitters on a second-by-second basis using mass-fabricated microelectrode arrays formed on ceramic. While not a comprehensive assessment of the technology, this chapter contains a large amount of information regarding the fabrication, use, and potential pitfalls of this technology. The reader should refer to numerous articles [1–6] for additional details regarding measuring neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Optimization of Sardine Oil Neutralization Process from Fish Meal Industry By-product (2015)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Allelic diversification at the class II DQB locus of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex. (1990)

The allelic diversity at HLA class II loci either arose after the divergence of hominoid lineages or, alternatively, the polymorphism was present before speciation and has been maintained by selection. Here, we report the use of oligonucleotide primers to amplify, by the polymerase chain reaction, and sequence the polymorphic second exon of the DQB locus from 11 species, spanning more than 40 million years of mammalian evolution. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that of the four human DQB allelic types (DQB1-B4), three (DQB1-3) were found in chimpanzee and gorilla and two (DQB3 and -4) were identified in the rhesus monkey, suggesting that some of these types are 5-20 million years old. The ratio of replacement to silent substitutions was calculated between members of the same allelic type from different species. These results suggest that the evolution of the DQB3 allelic type is more constrained than that of the DQB1 allelic type; both evolve more slowly than the DXB locus, a linked but presumably nonexpressed locus. Further, the clustering of allelic subtypes by species in the phylogenetic tree indicates that allelic diversification has occurred subsequent to the divergence of hominoids. Finally, some haplotype combinations of DQA and DQB alleles are common to several hominoid species and may have been maintained for at least 5 million years.
A Critical Review of the Preetham Skylight Model (2007)

The Preetham skylight model is currently one of the most widely used analytic models of skylight luminance\nin computer graphics. Despite its widespread use, very little work has been carried out to verify\nthe results generated by the model, both in terms of the luminance patterns it generates, and in terms of\nnumerical reliability and stability.\nIn this paper, we show where the model exhibits problematic behaviour, and compare the computed luminance\nvalues with the CIE 2003 Standard General Sky, and our own measurements of real, cloudless skies.
Pedestrian detection in infrared images (2004)

This paper describes an approach for pedestrian detection in infrared images. The developed system has been implemented on an experimental vehicle equipped with an infrared camera and preliminarily tested in different situations. It is based on the localization of warm symmetrical objects with specific size and aspect ratio; since also road infrastructures and other road participants may have such characteristics, a set of matched filters was added in order to reduce false detections. A final validation process, based on the human shape's morphological characteristics, is used to build the list of pedestrian appearing in the scene. No temporal correlation, nor motion cues are used in this first part of the project.
The Diversity and Distribution of the Predominant Ribotypes of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 in Samples from Enamel and from Healthy and Carious Root Surfaces of Teeth (1999)

The bacterial communities associated with root caries are highly diverse and undergo succession during lesion formation. Consequently, root caries is said to have a polymicrobic etiology, typified by variation in the predominant species among samples from different lesions. Despite the polymicrobic etiology, A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 (previously A. viscosus) have consistently been shown to be associated with root caries in humans; they predominate in some lesions and have been suggested to play a significant role in the disease. Several genetic variants of A. naeslundii are known to be present among the oral A. naeslundii population of an individual. The current study was initiated to explore the possibility that a variant in these A. naeslundii populations had characteristics which made it best fitted to colonize or promote root-surface caries lesions. Using ribotyping to detect variants, we tested the hypothesis that 'a ribotype of A. naeslundii best fitted to the environment would be selected and predominate in the A. naeslundii population of lesions'. Samples of plaque from enamel, normal root surfaces, plaque overlying the lesion, and material from within the lesion were taken from nine patients with soft root caries. The flora from 14 lesions and 9 enamel sites was analyzed on selective and non-selective media, and A. naeslundii genospecies were identified by serology. We ribotyped 972 isolates, showing 54 different patterns. Between 6 and 20 ribotypes were isolated from eight of nine patients. In general, each site from a patient showed a similar distribution of ribotypes. These results do not support the hypothesis and suggest that any phenotypic characters that allow A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 to colonize or contribute to the formation of root-caries lesions are common among strains identified by ribotyping.
A Video-Based System for Vehicle Speed Measurement in Urban Roadways (2016)

In this paper, we propose a nonintrusive video-based system for vehicle speed measurement in urban roadways. Our system uses an optimized motion detector and a novel text detector to efficiently locate vehicle license plates in image regions containing motion. Distinctive features are then selected on the license plate regions, tracked across multiple frames, and rectified for perspective distortion. Vehicle speed is measured by comparing the trajectories of the tracked features to known real-world measures. The proposed system was tested on a data set containing approximately 5 h of videos recorded in different weather conditions by a single low-cost camera, with associated ground truth speeds obtained by an inductive loop detector. Our data set is freely available for research purposes. The measured speeds have an average error of -0.5 km/h, staying inside the [-3, +2] km/h limit determined by regulatory authorities in several countries in over 96.0% of the cases. To the authors' knowledge, there are no other video-based systems able to achieve results comparable to those produced by an inductive loop detector. We also show that our license plate detector outperforms two other published state-of-the-art text detectors, as well as a well-known license plate detector, achieving a precision of 0.93 and a recall of 0.87.