gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desktop microfactory for high precision assembly and machining (2014)

This work presents a modular and reconfigurable desktop microfactory for high precision machining and assembly of micro mechanical parts. Miniature factory is inspired by the downsizing trend of the production tools. The system is constructed based on primary functional and performance requirements such as miniature size, operation with sub-millimeter precision, modular and reconfigurable structure, parallel processing capability, ease of transportation and integration. Proposed miniature factory consists of several functional modules such as two parallel kinematic robots for manipulation and assembly, galvanometric laser beam scanning system for micromachining, camera system for inspection, and a rotational conveyor system for sample part delivery. The overall mechanical structure of the proposed microfactory facilitates modularity and reconfigurability, parallel processing, flexible rearrangement of the layout, and ease of assembly and disassembly of the whole structure. Experiments involve various tasks within a single process such as pick-place of the 3 mm diameter metallic ball, marking a 2D sub-millimeter image on the ball surface with high power laser, and inspection along with verification of the image by means of microscopic camera. Results have shown the possibility of implementation of the desktop microfactory concept for machining and assembly of tiny mechanical parts with microprecision.
Dyeing of Wool and Silk Fibres with a Conductive Polyelectrolyte and Comparing Their Conductance (2012)

Polyelectrolytes are conductive polymers because of their ionic side group and PEDOT-S is one of those conductive polyelectrolytes. Previously, recombinant silk fibre has been dyed with PEDOT-S. PE ...
Zero-suppressed BDDs for set manipulation in combinatorial problems (1993)

In this paper, we propose Zero-Suppressed BDDs (O-Sup-BDDs), which are BDDs based on a new reduction rule.
A Microwave Doppler Radar Velocity Meter for Construction Machinery (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, application of electronics to construction machinery has proceeded rapidly, and various measuring techniques have been required for a large number of electronic control or monitoring systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurement of true velocity notwithstanding the existence of shoe or wheel slips is one of them. Microwave Doppler radar is an ideal measuring method for the purpose and has been used in automotive applications for many years. However, these vehicular radars don’t provide satisfactory results in typical operating conditions of construction machinery. And there remains a lot of problems to be solved. For example, the relative error at low velocity of 1km/h or so must be reduced.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, solutions of these problems based on data of the field computer simulations and mathematical analyses are described. This study led to the conclusion that the radar’s performance can be highly improved.</div>
The impact of multihop wireless channel on TCP throughput and loss (2004)

This paper studies TCP performance over multihop wireless networks that use the IEEE 802.11 protocol as the access method. Our analysis and simulations show that, given a specific network topology and flow patterns, there exists a TCP window size W*, at which TCP achieves best throughput via improved spatial channel reuse. However, TCP does not operate around W*, and typically grows its average window size much larger; this leads to decreased throughput and increased packet loss. The TCP throughput reduction can be explained by its loss behavior. Our results show that network overload is mainly signified by wireless link contention in multihop wireless networks. As long as the buffer size at each node is reasonably large (say, larger than 10 packets), buffer overflow-induced packet loss is rare and packet drops due to link-layer contention dominate. Link-layer drops offer the first sign for network overload. We further show that multihop wireless links collectively exhibit graceful drop behavior: as the offered load increases, the link contention drop probability also increases, but saturates eventually. In general, the link drop probability is insufficient to stabilize the average TCP window size around W*. Consequently, TCP suffers from reduced throughput due to reduced spatial reuse. We further propose two techniques, link RED and adaptive pacing, through which we are able to improve TCP throughput by 5% to 30% in various simulated topologies. Some simulation results are also validated by real hardware experiments.
Single-Domain Circular Nanomagnets (1999)

The magnetic properties of deep submicron circular nanomagnets fabricated by high-resolution electron beam lithography from Supermalloy $({\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{5})$ have been studied as a function of both diameter (500--55 nm) and thickness (6--15 nm). A high sensitivity magneto-optical method has been used to measure the hysteresis loops of these nanomagnets. An experimental phase diagram in diameter and thickness has thus been produced which identifies a vortex phase and a single-domain phase. The two phases agree well with micromagnetic theory.
Efficacy of Linezolid in Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

The efficacies of orally (p.o.) dosed linezolid and intravenously (i.v.) dosed vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in rabbits with experimental aortic-valve endocarditis were investigated. After endocarditis was established with a recent clinical MRSA isolate, rabbits were dosed for 5 days with linezolid (p.o., three times a day) at either 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg of body weight or vancomycin (i.v., twice a day) at 25 mg/kg. The 25-mg/kg linezolid group had a high mortality rate and bacterial counts in the valve vegetations that were not different from those of the controls. Linezolid dosed p.o. at 50 and 75 mg/kg and i.v. vancomycin produced statistically significant reductions in bacterial counts compared to those of the untreated controls. The reduced bacterial counts and culture-negative valve rates for the animals treated with linezolid at 75 mg/kg were similar to those for the vancomycin-treated animals. Concentrations of linezolid in plasma were determined at several points in the dosing regimen. These results suggest that the efficacy of linezolid in this infection model is related to trough levels in plasma that remain above the MIC for this microorganism. At the ineffective dose of linezolid (25 mg/kg) the concentration at sacrifice was 0.045 times the MIC, whereas the concentrations of linezolid in plasma in the 50- and 75-mg/kg groups were 2 and 5 times the MIC at sacrifice, respectively. The results from this experimental model suggest that the oxazolidinone linezolid may be effective for the treatment of serious staphylococcal infections when resistance to other antimicrobials is present.
Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration (2016)

Stem cell therapy aims to replace damaged or aged cells with healthy functioning cells in congenital defects, tissue injuries, autoimmune disorders, and neurogenic degenerative diseases. Among various types of stem cells, adult stem cells (i.e., tissue-specific stem cells) commit to becoming the functional cells from their tissue of origin. These cells are the most commonly used in cell-based therapy since they do not confer risk of teratomas, do not require fetal stem cell maneuvers and thus are free of ethical concerns, and they confer low immunogenicity (even if allogenous). The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and advances in using stem cell therapy for tissue repair in solid organs. Here we address key factors in cell preparation, such as the source of adult stem cells, optimal cell types for implantation (universal mesenchymal stem cells vs. tissue-specific stem cells, or induced vs. non-induced stem cells), early or late passages of stem cells, stem cells with endogenous or exogenous growth factors, preconditioning of stem cells (hypoxia, growth factors, or conditioned medium), using various controlled release systems to deliver growth factors with hydrogels or microspheres to provide apposite interactions of stem cells and their niche. We also review several approaches of cell delivery that affect the outcomes of cell therapy, including the appropriate routes of cell administration (systemic, intravenous, or intraperitoneal vs. local administration), timing for cell therapy (immediate vs. a few days after injury), single injection of a large number of cells vs. multiple smaller injections, a single site for injection vs. multiple sites and use of rodents vs. larger animal models. Future directions of stem cell-based therapies are also discussed to guide potential clinical applications.
Fyn is induced by Ras/PI3K/Akt signaling and is required for enhanced invasion/migration (2010)

Src family kinases (SFKs) are frequently over-expressed and/or activated in human cancers, and play key roles in cancer cell invasion, metastasis, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Allosteric activation of SFKs occurs through well-defined post-translational mechanisms, however the SFK member Fyn is over-expressed in multiple human cancers (prostate, melanoma, pancreatic, glioma, chronic myelogenous leukemia) and the mechanism of increased Fyn expression is unclear. Since activation of Ras oncogenes is a common oncogenic event leading to the activation of multiple effector pathways, we explored if Ras could induce Fyn expression. Retroviral transduction of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT with oncogenic H-Ras dramatically up-regulated Fyn mRNA (>100-fold, P < 0.001), protein, and kinase activity without affecting Src levels or activity. Activation of Akt, but not MAPK or EGFR, was necessary and sufficient for induction of Fyn by H-Ras. Expression of active Fyn was sufficient to increase HaCaT cell migration and invasion, and the enhanced migration and invasion induced by H-Ras could be significantly blocked (70% reduction, P < 0.01) by knockdown of Fyn with a specific siRNA or inhibition of SFKs with PP2. In addition, expression of Fyn in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was dependent on PI3K activity and was involved in their invasive phenotype. Thus, the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway can account for Fyn over-expression in cancers, and Fyn is a critical mediator of the Ras-stimulated invasive cell phenotype. These results support the development of therapeutic strategies targeting Akt/Fyn pathway to block migration and invasion of tumor cells.
Picosecond Time Resolved Electron Injection from Excited Cresyl Violet Monomers and Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dots into TiO<sub>2</sub> (1991)

Abstract Picosecond time resolved luminescence was employed for monitoring the decay of electronic excited reactants on the surface of oxide semiconductors. Decay of cresyl violet monomers was determined on TiO2 and on α-Al2O3 by measuring decay curves over a wide range of very low coverages. The decay curves showed a characteristic opposite dependence on coverage on the oxide semiconductor with a low conduction band edge, i.e. TiO2, compared to the oxide semiconductor with a high conduction band edge, i.e. α-Al2O3. The dominating time constant for cresyl violet monomer decay was in the range of 280 ps on TiO2 and 560 ps on α-Al2O3. In both cases quenching was attributed to electron transfer. At room temperature the decay of excited Cd3P2 quantum dot luminescence was faster than 1 ps when the dots were attached to TiO2 colloidal particles in solution. The ultrafast decay was ascribed to electron injection. Key Words: Electron transferpicosecond time resolved luminescenceadsorbed dye moleculesCd3P2 quantum dotsTiO2, α-Al2O3
Wind analysis in aviation applications (2012)

The Rapid-Update-Cycle (RUC) and Rapid Refresh (RAP) weather products provide a valuable source of data for evaluating environmental winds in the aviation domain. This paper identifies techniques for wind analysis, including interpolation techniques and patterns for distributed computation. These techniques are useful in a number of aviation applications, a subset of which are described: New instrument procedure designs benefit from historical 5-year wind profiles. Wind characterization and visualization techniques facilitate the selection of representative environmental conditions for simulations. Wind forecasts are uplinked in real-time to support trajectory-based operations. These applications leverage the RUC and RAP weather products to provide valuable technical insights. The paper concludes with areas for future research.
The Atomic Bomb and the Prevention of War (1946)

(1946). The Atomic Bomb and the Prevention of War. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 2, No. 7-8, pp. 19-21.
Seeing the unseen: delivering integrated underground utility data in the uk (2009)

In earlier work we proposed a framework to integrate heterogeneous geospatial utility data in the UK. This paper provides an update on the techniques used to resolve semantic and schematic heterogeneities in the UK utility domain. Approaches for data delivery are discussed, including descriptions of three pilot projects and domain specific visualization issues are considered. A number of practical considerations are discussed that will impact on how any implementation architecture is derived from the integration framework. Considerations of stability, security, currency, operational impact and response time can reveal a number of conflicting constraints. The impacts of these constraints are discussed in respect of either a virtual or materialised delivery system.
Expressions for nonlinear effects of MEMS switchbeam oscillations (2001)

MEMS switches with a beam that is free to move during RF signal transmission have nonlinear transfer functions, due to variations in the capacitance between the beam and the underlying transmission line. Expressions for the relative magnitude of modulation and intermodulation products are presented.
Characterization of a Cobalamin-binding Plasma Protein from a Patient with Hepatoma (1975)

A cobalamin-binding protein has been purified by affinity chromatography from plasma of a patient with hepatoma and a 10,000-fold increase in the concentration of the plasma cobalamin-binding capacity. The protein behaved as normal transcobalamin I in gel filtration, agar gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, precipitation by ammonium sulphate, and cobalamin-binding studies. The protein contained 38 per cent carbohydrate, and the relative molecular mass based on amino acid and carbohydrate analyses was 69,000. The molar absorption coefficient of cyanocobalamin bound to the protein was determined to be 36,000 at 362 nm. On amino acid sequencing, one amino terminal was found, and the first 13 residues were determined as Glu-Ile-Ser/Cys-Glu-Val-Ser/Cys-Glu-Glu-Asx-Tyr-Ile-Arg-Leu/Ile.
Turbine generator rotor turn insulation-Class F (2003)

The qualification program for a new Class F rotor turn insulation system is described. The authors outline (1) the functional requirements for Class F rotor turn insulation for a Westinghouse large turbine generator, (2) laboratory screening tests to choose between available adhesives, (3) thermal aging tests to confirm Class F capability, (4) mechanical creep and abrasion tests and (5) factor verification trials. This effort led to the choice of a NEMA, G-11 epoxy glass laminate bonded to the copper conductor straps with a polyamide-epoxy adhesive film, which has been successfully introduced into production.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Targeted Radiosensitisers in Cancer Treatment (2009)

The last few years have seen a significant increase in our understanding of the molecular pathways governing cell function in cancer. This has led to an explosive interest in novel molecularly-targeted agents and, until recently, the focus of research effort has been to combine these agents with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, following a recent trial of an anti-EGFR targeted antibody in combination with radiation, a new paradigm is emerging in which these novel agents will be combined with external beam radiotherapy (RT). In this article we review classes of novel targeted radiosensitisers that are directed at specific aspects of cell function. Such agents are aimed at either single or multiple targets (the latter is a more attractive approach in view of cross-talk between different cell signaling pathways). We review available preclinical and clinical literature with a particular focus on novel agents targeting components of the ErbB and IGF-1R family cell signaling pathways. In this model, radiosensitisers can exert their effects at the cell membrane surface by preventing receptor activation or by interfering with the function of second messengers such as the Ras/PI3K/mTOR pathway. In addition, the effects of novel DNA repair inhibitors will be considered in the context of combination strategies with signal transduction pathway blockade. Other small molecule inhibitors, such as HSP90 inhibitors, that can disrupt signaling in a number of different pathways, will also be discussed. Ultimately, through the synergistic use of these innovative molecules and RT, the therapeutic index may be enhanced by modulating cellular metabolism, proliferation, repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. The rapid proliferation of available targeted agents and their entry into phase I clinical trials means that this is an extremely interesting area for research in radiation oncology.
Phase II study of amonafide: results of treatment and lessons learned from the study of an investigational agent in previously untreated patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer. (1990)

Thirteen previously untreated patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with the investigational agent amonafide in a dose of 300 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 1 hour daily for 5 consecutive days. No responses were seen in 12 eligible patients. Myelosuppression was only occasionally seen. Other toxicities included diaphoresis, chest pain, local irritation at the injection site, arthralgias, nausea and vomiting, and neuromuscular problems. There were two early deaths, both attributable to tumor progression with resultant obstruction of a vital structure. Ten patients crossed over to alternate active therapy (etoposide [VP-16]-cisplatin) and five responded. The median survival time (MST) of the whole group of treated patients was 31 weeks. In future trials of investigational new drugs in previously untreated SCLC, we recommend that patients with the following characteristics be excluded: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 2, 3, and 4; superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction; any major paraneoplastic syndrome; serious comorbid illness; and extensive hepatic involvement by tumor. The trial design should include prompt crossover to active alternative therapy, such as VP-16 and cisplatin, for disease progression or for failure to respond after two treatment cycles. Also, the trial design should use an early stopping rule based on interest in identifying only very active agents with a minimum response rate of 30%.
RF fingerprinting of users who actively mask their identities with artificial distortion (2011)

Variations in the RF chain of radio transmitters caused by imperfections of manufacturing processes can be used as a signature to uniquely associate wireless devices with a given transmission. In our previous work [1], [2] we proposed a model based approach that allows for identification of wireless users with verifiable accuracy via time domain analysis of the signals received from the masquerading users. Here, more sophisticated criminals that, when masquerading, intentionally introduce nonlinear distortions to the data symbols in order to fake their signatures while allowing for proper data decoding, are considered for the first time. The method proposed in this work is based on spectral analysis and on the observation that nonlinear components cause baseband distortion and spectral regrowth of the signal that is dependent on the parameters of the nonlinearity. Hence, by analysis of the in-band distortion of the spectrum as well as the spectral regrowth, the masquerading users can be successfully identified even when they are nonlinearly modifying their data symbols. Using parameters obtained from the measurements of commercially used RF transmitters, we demonstrate the utility of our approach.
Reinforcement Learning for Slicing in a 5G Flexible RAN (2019)

Network slicing enables an infrastructure provider (InP) to support heterogeneous 5G services over a common platform (i.e., by creating a customized slice for each service). Once in operation, slices can be dynamically scaled up/down to match the variation of their service requirements. An InP generates revenue by accepting a slice request. If a slice cannot be scaled up when required, an InP has to also pay a penalty (proportional to the level of service degradation). It becomes then crucial for an InP to decide which slice requests should be accepted/rejected in order to increase its net profit. This paper presents a slice admission strategy based on reinforcement learning (RL) in the presence of services with different priorities. The use case considered is a 5G flexible radio access network (RAN), where slices of different mobile service providers are virtualized over the same RAN infrastructure. The proposed policy learns which are the services with the potential to bring high profit (i.e., high revenue with low degradation penalty), and hence should be accepted. The performance of the RL-based admission policy is compared against two deterministic heuristics. Results show that in the considered scenario, the proposed strategy outperforms the benchmark heuristics by at least 23%. Moreover, this paper shows how the policy is able to adapt to different conditions in terms of 1) slice degradation penalty versus slice revenue factors, and 2) proportion of high versus low priority services.
Sinus Floor Elevation Using Osteotomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (2005)

Short-term clinical success/survival (<or years) of implants placed with an osteotome sinus floor elevation technique seems to be similar to that of implants conventionally placed in the partially edentulous maxilla. Controlled prospective clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcome and various surgical modifications of OSFE.