gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Dendrite-Free Lithium-Metal Deposition through Tailoring of Micro- and Nanoscale Artificial Coatings (2020)

Forty years after the failed introduction of rechargeable lithium-metal batteries and 30 years after the successful commercialization of the lower capacity, graphite-anode-based lithium-ion battery by Sony, demand for higher energy density batteries is leading to reinvestigation of the problem of dendrite growth that makes the metallic lithium anodes unsafe and prevented commercialization to begin with. One strategy to mitigate dendrite growth is to deposit thin, tailored, corrosion-passivating coatings on the metallic lithium, instead of allowing the metal to spontaneously react with the organic electrolyte solution to form its passivating solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The challenge is to find and to deposit a coating that is electronically insulating yet allows uniform permeation of Li<sup>+</sup> at a high cycling rate, such that Li-metal is electrodeposited uniformly on the nanoscale below the tailored coating. Recently, a number of studies have examined multicomponent films, taking advantage of the properties of two different materials, which can be tuned separately or chosen for their complementary properties. Use of these multicomponent coatings will likely enable future researchers to create rationally designed SEIs capable of effectively suppressing the growth of Li dendrites. This review discusses recent developments in micro- and nanoscale tailored coatings to meet that need.
CONSTRUCTION OF EUCLIDEAN VORONOI DIAGRAM FOR 3D BALLS BY TRACING EDGES (2005)

Despite its important applications in various disciplines in science and engineering, the Euclidean Voronoi diagram for balls in 3D space has not been studied as much as it deserves. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute the Euclidean Voronoi diagram for 3D balls with different radii. The presented algorithm follows Voronoi edges one by one until the construction is completed in O(mn) time in the worst-case, where m is the number of edges in the Voronoi diagram and n is the number of spherical balls.
Quantification of GNSS signals accuracy: An image segmentation method for estimating the percentage of sky (2009)

This paper is focused on the characterisation of the GNSS reception signals environment by estimating the percentage of visible sky. The estimation is based on a new segmentation technique that uses color and texture gradients with an adaptive and non-parametric combination strategy. The structural gradient, resulting from the combination, is processed with the watershed algorithm to get image segmentation. The classification process used to extract the sky region is performed using the k-means algorithm. Experimental segmentation and classification results, using real data and an evaluation methodology, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed approach.
Pilot study of ‘<scp>S</scp>cissorhands’ technique for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection using novel gel and endoscopic scissors in a porcine model (with video) (2013)

The combined technique of endoscopic scissors for circumferential incision and viscous gel for submucosal dissection permitted easy, safe and efficient gastric ESD. Electrocautery may be avoided and its consequent adverse events (e.g. perforation).
Spatial equalization of a radio-mobile channel without beamforming using the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) (1993)

The author considers the problem of signal recovery by a multisensor receiver in a multipath propagation channel. She shows that a spatial filtering can recover the transmitted signals under two conditions, namely that both the number of sensors and the number of paths be larger than the length of the intersymbol interference, which is assumed to be finite. Thereby, signal recovery is realized without beamforming, i.e. without forming a beam towards one of the paths while cancelling the others, which would require a number of sensors much larger than the number of paths. Spatial filtering is able to cancel a multipath jammer, provided that an additional number of sensors, equal to the ISI (intersymbol interference) length of the jammer, is available. The spatial filtering is obtained adaptively by a blind algorithm, the CMA, which relies on the property of the transmitted signal to have a constant modulus. Simulation results on the present spatial CMA were compared with results for a temporal single-sensor CMA. The latter failed to recover a correct signal constellation while spatial CMA succeeded, even in a noisy environment plus a jammer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110-β subunit is a positive regulator of autophagy (2010)

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cell renewal process that depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). In metazoans, autophagy is inhibited by PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), the product of class IA PI3Ks, which mediates the activation of the Akt-TOR kinase cascade. However, the precise function of class IA PI3Ks in autophagy remains undetermined. Class IA PI3Ks are heterodimeric proteins consisting of an 85-kD regulatory subunit and a 110-kD catalytic subunit. Here we show that the class IA p110-β catalytic subunit is a positive regulator of autophagy. Genetic deletion of p110-β results in impaired autophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, liver, and heart. p110-β does not promote autophagy by affecting the Akt-TOR pathway. Rather, it associates with the autophagy-promoting Vps34-Vps15-Beclin 1-Atg14L complex and facilitates the generation of cellular PtdIns(3)P. Our results unveil a previously unknown function for p110-β as a positive regulator of autophagy in multicellular organisms.
Quality measure based approaches to MPEG encoding (2002)

In this paper, a video quality measure based on block-based features which has a high correlation with subjective test experiments is presented first. Four block-based features (the average of DFT differences, the standard deviation of DFT differences, the mean absolute deviation of wepstrum differences, and the variance of UVW differences) are extracted from the input and output video sequences and fed into a four-layer backpropagation neural network that has been trained by subjective testing. These features were selected out of a much larger set of candidate features, based on their combined ability to predict observer assessments of image quality. The quality measure is then introduced into the design of an MPEG encoder which is based on the nonconvex quality and bitcount functions at the macroblock level. The joint rate, quality, motion estimation and motion compensation algorithm is discussed. The proposed quality measure scheme has a higher, and also a more consistent, quality measure than the MPEG Test Model 5 scheme. The objective quality, as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio is also improved, and the variations in the signal-to-noise ratio and bit-rate from frame to frame are reduced. These results have also been confirmed by subsequent subjective test experiments.
Immunomodulatory Dendritic Cells Generated From Nonfractionated Bulk Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures Induce Growth of Cytotoxic T Cells Against Renal Cell Carcinoma (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor antigens have the potential to become a powerful tool for clinical cancer treatment. Recently, the authors showed that a tumor-specific immune response can be elicited in culture via stimulation with autologous renal tumor lysate (Tuly)-loaded DCs that were generated from cytokine-cultured adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Here, the authors show that immunomodulatory DCs can be generated directly from nonfractionated bulk PBMC cultures. Kinetic studies of DC differentiation and maturation in PBMC cultures were performed by monitoring the acquisition of DC-associated molecules using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis to determine the percentage of positive immunostained cells and the mean relative linear fluorescence intensity (MRLFI). Compared with conventional adherent CD14+ cultures, which have mostly natural killer, T, and B cells removed before cytokine culture, bulk PBMC cultures exhibited an early loss of CD14+ cells (day 0 = 78.8%, day 2 = 29.6% versus day 0 = 74%, day 2 = 75%) with an increase in yield of mature DCs (DC19- CD83+) (day 5 = 17%, day 6 = 21%, day 7 = 22% versus day 5 = 11%, day 6 = 15%, day 7 = 23%). Although a comparable percentage of DCs expressing CD86+ (B7-2), CD40+, and HLA-DR+ were detected in both cultures, higher expression levels were detected in DCs derived from bulk culture (CD86 = MRLFI 3665.1 versus 2662.1 on day 6; CD40 = MRLFI 1786 versus 681.2 on day 6; HLA-DR = MRLFI 6018.2 versus 3444.9 on day 2). Cytokines involved in DC maturation were determined by polymerase chain reaction demonstrating interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression by bulk culture cells during the entire 9-day culture period. This same cytokine mRNA profile was not found in the conventional adherent DC culture. Autologous renal Tuly (30 micrograms protein/10(7) PBMCs) enhanced human leukocyte antigen expression by DCs (class I = 7367.6 versus 4085.4 MRFLI; class II = 8277.2 versus 6175.7 MRFLI) and upregulated cytokine mRNAs levels. Concurrently, CD3+ CD56-, CD3+ CD25+, and CD3+ TCR+ cell populations increased and cytotoxicity against autologous renal cell carcinoma tumor target was induced. Specific cytotoxicity was augmented when cultures were boosted continuously with IL-2 (20 U/mL biological response modifier program) plus Tuly stimulation. These results suggest that nonadherent PBMCs may participate in enhancing DC maturation. Besides the simplicity of this culture technique, bulk DC cultures potentially may be used with the same efficiency as conventional purified DCs. Furthermore, bulk culture-derived DCs may be used directly in vivo as a tumor vaccine, or for further ex vivo expansion of co-cultured cytotoxic T cells to be used for adoptive immunotherapy.
Directed Evolution Reveals Unexpected Epistatic Interactions That Alter Metabolic Regulation and Enable Anaerobic Xylose Use by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2016)

The inability of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert xylose from plant biomass into biofuels remains a major challenge for the production of renewable bioenergy. Despite extensive knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling carbon metabolism in yeast, little is known about how to reprogram S. cerevisiae to ferment xylose at rates comparable to glucose. Here we combined genome sequencing, proteomic profiling, and metabolomic analyses to identify and characterize the responsible mutations in a series of evolved strains capable of metabolizing xylose aerobically or anaerobically. We report that rapid xylose conversion by engineered and evolved S. cerevisiae strains depends upon epistatic interactions among genes encoding a xylose reductase (GRE3), a component of MAP Kinase (MAPK) signaling (HOG1), a regulator of Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling (IRA2), and a scaffolding protein for mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis (ISU1). Interestingly, the mutation in IRA2 only impacted anaerobic xylose consumption and required the loss of ISU1 function, indicating a previously unknown connection between PKA signaling, Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and anaerobiosis. Proteomic and metabolomic comparisons revealed that the xylose-metabolizing mutant strains exhibit altered metabolic pathways relative to the parental strain when grown in xylose. Further analyses revealed that interacting mutations in HOG1 and ISU1 unexpectedly elevated mitochondrial respiratory proteins and enabled rapid aerobic respiration of xylose and other non-fermentable carbon substrates. Our findings suggest a surprising connection between Fe-S cluster biogenesis and signaling that facilitates aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation of xylose, underscoring how much remains unknown about the eukaryotic signaling systems that regulate carbon metabolism.
Analysis of the roles of antilipopolysaccharide and anti-cholera toxin immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in protection against Vibrio cholerae and cholera toxin by use of monoclonal IgA antibodies in vivo (1993)

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies (sIgA) directed against cholera toxin (CT) and surface components of Vibrio cholerae are associated with protection against cholera, but the relative importance of specific sIgAs in protection is unknown. A monoclonal IgA directed against the V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), secreted into the intestines of neonatal mice bearing hybridoma tumors, was previously shown to provide protection against a lethal oral dose of 10(7) V. cholerae cells. We show here that a single oral dose of 5 to 50 micrograms of the monoclonal anti-LPS IgA, given within 2 h before V. cholerae challenge, protected neonatal mice against challenge. In contrast, an oral dose of 80 micrograms of monoclonal IgA directed against CT B subunit (CTB) failed to protect against V. cholerae challenge. A total of 80 micrograms of monoclonal anti-CTB IgA given orally protected neonatal mice from a lethal (5-micrograms) oral dose of CT. Secretion of the same anti-CTB IgA antibodies into the intestines of mice bearing IgA hybridoma backpack tumors, however, failed to protect against lethal oral doses of either CT (5 micrograms) or V. cholerae (10(7) cells). Furthermore, monoclonal anti-CTB IgA, either delivered orally or secreted onto mucosal surfaces in mice bearing hybridoma tumors, did not significantly enhance protection over that provided by oral anti-LPS IgA alone. These results demonstrate that anti-LPS sIgA is much more effective than anti-CT IgA in prevention of V. cholerae-induced diarrheal disease.
Plasma Pyrolysis of Biomass for Production of Syngas and Carbon Adsorbent (2005)

A radio-frequency (RF) plasma pyrolysis reactor was presented in this paper. Application of this reactor to the pyrolysis treatment of biomass at different operating pressures (3000−8000 Pa), with various input powers (1600−2000 W), was investigated. Interest was focused on the effect of the pyrolysis conditions on the yield of gas and char, the gas composition, and the quality of the char. On average, the gas yield can reach 66 wt % of the biomass feed at an input power of 1800 W and an operating pressure of 5000 Pa. The total content of CO and H2 in the gas product reached 76 vol % on a nitrogen-free basis, which can be used as syngas components. The obtained solid product has a large Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area and high pore volume, with a significant prevalence of micropores, and may have potential use as an activated carbon.
Automation and Robotics in Construction: State of the Art in Finland (1992)

Automation and Robotics in Construction: State of the Art in Finland Penti Vaha Pages 51-53 (1992 Proceedings of the 9th ISARC, Tokyo, Japan, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: The thrust area of Finnish construction automation is concrete technology and the related construction business. Also heavy duty manipulators and mobile on site robotics are developed. National projects aiming at better productivity in construction business are underway. Keywords: No keywords DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1992/0009 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Brain protein metabolism and the acquisition of new patterns of behavior. (1977)

Three cytoplasmic proteins (designated alpha, beta and gamma) in the goldfish brain consistently incorporated more labeled valine in animals that had acquired a new pattern of swimming behavior than in untrained animals. The changes were identified by double labeling techniques ([3H]valine injected into trained experimental animals and [14C]valine into untrained controls) and by gel-electrophoresis. Goldfish tested in a variety of control behavioral situations showed no detectable protein changes. The migration properties of alpha, beta, and gamma correspond to proteins having molecular weights of 37,000, 32,000, and 26,000, respectively. Two of the proteins (beta and gamma) were isolated, purified, and injected into rabbits. The antisera thus obtained were used: (i) to establish that the proteins are normal components of goldfish brain; (ii) to inhibit long-term retention of the behavior; and (iii) to demonstrate by immunofluorescence methods that the beta and gamma proteins are localized in certain cells at specific brain regions.
[Molecular basics of Alzheimer's disease]. (2007)

Studies of molecular mechanisms for Alzheimer's Disease have led to the two major achievements. First, genes with mutations causing Alzheimer's Disease (presenilin genes PSI, PS2 and APP) or bearing a risk factor polymorphism (ApoE) for Alzheimer's Disease were described. Second, the new type of proteases and mechanisms of regulation of cellular differentiation and development by processes of intramembrane proteolysis were identified. These mechanisms, apparently, are universal for various cell types and organisms. Presenilin is a catalytic component of tetra-protein complex (epsilon-/gamma-secretase) cleaving type I transmembrane proteins. Other recently discovered aspartate proteases, IMPAS/SPP, cleave type II transmembrane proteins. Processing of transmembrane proteins by cellular intramembrane proteases results in production of signal peptides, transcriptional factors and short hydrophobic proteins (fragments of transmembrane domains), which may have a physiological function or play a key role in patogenic events associated with ageing (e.g., beta-amyloid formation in Alzheimer's Disease). To date approximately 160 mutations in PSI gene, more than 10 mutations in PS2 gene and 21 mutations in APP gene were described. Early preclinical diagnostics of some early forms of Alzheimer's Disease became possible. Since patogeneses of early and late onset forms of Alzheimer's Disease are similar, identification of molecular or epigenetic factors affecting primary molecular mechanisms (intramembrane or membrane associated proteolysis) underlying the disease may ultimately contribute to development of rational therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
Trends in meat and meat products packaging - a review. (2010)

The aim of any packaging system for fresh muscle foods is to prevent or delay undesirable changes to the appearance, flavour, odour, and texture.Deterioration in these qualities can result in economic losses due to consumer rejection of the product.Therefore, a preservative packaging should ideally inhibit undesirable enzyme activities, but not interfere with, or inhibit, activities that are beneficial.The non-enzimatic reactions that affect the organoleptic qualities of raw meats are invariably undesirable, so these should preferably be slowed or prevented by a preservative packaging.
Parametric And Nonparametric Approaches For Multisensor Data Fusion (2001)

Multisensor data fusion technology combines data and information from multiple sensors to achieve improved accuracies and better inference about the environment than could be achieved by the use of a single sensor alone. In this dissertation, we propose parametric and nonparametric multisensor data fusion algorithms with a broad range of applications. Image registration is a vital first step in fusing sensor data. Among the wide range of registration techniques that have been developed for various applications, mutual information based registration algorithms have been accepted as one of the most accurate and robust methods. Inspired by the mutual information based approaches, we propose to use the joint Renyi entropy as the dissimilarity metric between images. Since the Renyi entropy of an image can be estimated with the length of the minimum spanning tree over the corresponding graph, the proposed information-theoretic registration algorithm can be implemented by a novel nonparametric graph-representation method. The image matching is performed by minimizing the length of the minimum spanning tree (MST) which spans the graph generated from the overlapping images. Our method also takes advantage of the minimum k-point spanning tree (k-MST) approach to robustify the registration against outliers in the images. Since this algorithm does not require any parametric model, it can be directly applied to a variety of image types. We also propose a parametric sensor fusion algorithm for simultaneous lane and pavement boundary detection in registered optical and radar images. The fusion problem is formulated in a Bayesian setting where the deform...
Specular gloss (2006)

Certain coinmercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply
Generation and Biological Characterization of Membrane-bound, Uncleavable Murine Tumor Necrosis Factor (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is produced as a membrane-bound, 26-kDa proform from which the mature, 17-kDa TNF subunit is released by proteolytic cleavage. In order to compare the biological activity of membrane-bound versus soluble TNF, mutational analysis of potential cleavage sites in murine TNF was carried out. The biological activity was assessed after transfection in L929 cells. Deletion of the first nine codons of the mature part of the murine TNF gene still led to the production of secretable TNF, indicating alternative cleavage sites separate from the -1/+1 junction. However, an additional deletion of 3 amino acids, generating TNF delta 1-12, resulted in a membrane-bound form of TNF. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed Lys11 as the critical residue for alternative cleavage. Mutation of this residue to Glu in a TNF delta 1-9 mutant gave rise to uncleavable, membrane-bound TNF with biological activities similar to wild-type TNF. Induction of apoptosis, proliferation, or cytokine production by triggering of either 55-kDa or 75-kDa TNF receptors in appropriate cell lines occurred efficiently both with soluble and with membrane-bound TNF. The latter was, however, less active in the cytotoxic assays on U937 cells in which the 75-kDa TNF receptor is not signaling, but contributes to maximal TNF activity by ligand passing. This indicates that membrane-bound TNF cannot be passed from the 75-kDa to the 55-kDa TNF receptor.
Determinants of the Use of Coronary Angiography and Revascularization after Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction (1996)

More patients treated with thrombolysis underwent angiography and revascularization before discharge than might be expected. Younger age and the availability of the procedures appeared to be the major determinants of the use of coronary angiography, whereas coronary anatomy largely determined the use and type of revascularization. This process appeared to select low-risk patients for intervention rather than those at higher risk, who would be the most likely to benefit.