gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method For Compensating And Measuring Any Motion Of 3D-Objects In Holographic Interferometry: Recent Developments (1986)

Up to now holographic interferometry did not allow the study of an object motion generating too many interference fringes. Our method is general and resolves this problem in all cases. This paper gives some new developments and applications of this technique.
An Adaptive Model Following Control for Robotic Manipulators (1983)

The increased demand on robotic manipulator performances leads to the use of advanced control structures. An adaptive model following control system for robotic manipulators is developed via hyperstability theory. A new control algorithm is proposed that produces a discontinuous control signal, similar to a pulse amplitude signal, so that particular trajectories, referred as sliding modes, occur. The design procedure is simple and effective and always assures the asymptotic stability in the large. The decoupling properties can be achieved by a suitable choice of the reference model. A case study is developed by numerical simulation.
Altered Pharmacokinetics and Liver Targetability of Methotrexate by Conjugation with Lactosylated Albumins (2001)

To enhance the liver targetability, methotrexate (MTX) was conjugated with albumin previously substituted with varying content of lactose (L0, L5, and L24). The uptake of MTX by rat hepatocytes in vitro increased according to the increase in the lactose content on the albumin conjugates. The MTX level in the plasma and various organs was determined by counting the radioactivity of [3H]MTX and by HPLC assay, separately, to monitor the in vivo fate of MTX not only as total, regardless of forms of MTX, but also as free/intact MTX level. Conjugation of MTX with albumin alone provided the enhanced delivery of MTX to the liver, accompanied by decreased accumulation in the kidney, but by increased accumulation in other nontarget organs such lung, heart, and spleen. Lactosylation of albumin conjugates further enhanced the delivery of MTX to the liver in a lactose content-dependent manner, accompanied by decreased accumulation of MTX in the lung and heart as well as kidney. The total MTX level accumulated in the liver was 2.9-, 4.1-, and 11.0-fold higher at 1 h and 5.4-, 7.0-, and 16.5-fold higher at 4 h after injection of MTX-L0, L5, L24 albumin conjugates compared with MTX alone. MTX conjugates with lactosylated albumin provided low but prolonged level of free/intact MTX in the liver. Taken together, the pharmacokinetics and liver targetability of MTX could be favorably modulated by controlling the lactose content on the albumin conjugates. Lactosylated albumin conjugation might also provide prolonged and targeted delivery of other drugs for the treatment of liver diseases.
Differential CD4<sup>+</sup>versus CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses Elicited by Different Poxvirus-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vaccine Candidates Provide Comparable Efficacies in Primates (2008)

Poxvirus vectors have proven to be highly effective for boosting immune responses in diverse vaccine settings. Recent reports reveal marked differences in the gene expression of human dendritic cells infected with two leading poxvirus-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates, New York vaccinia virus (NYVAC) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). To understand how complex genomic changes in these two vaccine vectors translate into antigen-specific systemic immune responses, we undertook a head-to-head vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy study in the pathogenic HIV type 1 (HIV-1) model of AIDS in Indian rhesus macaques. Differences in the immune responses in outbred animals were not distinguished by enzyme-linked immunospot assays, but differences were distinguished by multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, revealing a difference between the number of animals with both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to vaccine inserts (MVA) and those that elicit a dominant CD4(+) T-cell response (NYVAC). Remarkably, vector-induced differences in CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell immune responses persisted for more than a year after challenge and even accompanied antigenic modulation throughout the control of chronic infection. Importantly, strong preexposure HIV-1/simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses did not prove deleterious with respect to accelerated disease progression. In contrast, in this setting, animals with strong vaccine-induced polyfunctional CD4(+) T-cell responses showed efficacies similar to those with stronger CD8(+) T-cell responses.
Interactive query expansion: A user-based evaluation in a relevance feedback environment (2000)

A user-centered investigation of interactive query expansion within the context of a relevance feedback system is presented in this article. Data were collected from 25 searches using the INSPEC database. The data collection mechanisms included questionnaires, transaction logs, and relevance evaluations. The results discuss issues that relate to query expansion, retrieval effectiveness, the correspondence of the on-line-to-off-line relevance judgments, and the selection of terms for query expansion by users (interactive query expansion). The main conclusions drawn from the results of the study are that: (1) one-third of the terms presented to users in a list of candidate terms for query expansion was identified by the users as potentially useful for query expansion. (2) These terms were mainly judged as either variant expressions (synonyms) or alternative (related) terms to the initial query terms. However, a substantial portion of the selected terms were identified as representing new ideas. (3) The relationships identified between the five best terms selected by the users for query expansion and the initial query terms were that: (a) 34% of the query expansion terms have no relationship or other type of correspondence with a query term; (b) 66% of the remaining query expansion terms have a relationship to the query terms. These relationships were: narrower term (46%), broader term (3%), related term (17%). (4) The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of interactive query expansion. The initial search produced on average three highly relevant documents; the query expansion search produced on average nine further highly relevant documents. The conclusions highlight the need for more research on: interactive query expansion, the comparative evaluation of automatic vs. interactive query expansion, the study of weighted Web-based or Web-accessible retrieval systems in operational environments, and for user studies in searching ranked retrieval systems in general.
Aggregation of chiral hexanuclear complex-cations into cationic metallosupramolecules with concomitant aggregation of inorganic counter-anions into anionic clusters (2012)

A chiral AuI4CoIII2 hexanuclear complex, [Au4Co2(dppe)2(D-pen)4]X2 (X = Cl−, ClO4−), was prepared from a digold(I) metalloligand, [Au2(dppe)(D-Hpen)2], in combination with CoIII. In the crystal, complex-cations and counter-anions of this complex were found to aggregate separately to form big cationic metallosupramolecular octahedrons and amazing adamantane-like anionic clusters, respectively.
Opposing alterations in anxiety and species-typical behaviours in serotonin transporter overexpressor and knockout mice (2010)

Human gene association studies have produced conflicting findings regarding the relationship between the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and anxiety. In the present study genetically modified mice were utilised to examine the effects of changes in 5-HTT expression on anxiety. In addition, the influence of 5-HTT expression on two innate "species-typical" behaviours (burrowing and marble burying) and body weight was explored. Across a range of models, 5-HTT overexpressing mice displayed reduced anxiety-like behaviour whilst 5-HTT knockout mice showed increased anxiety-like behaviour, compared to wildtype controls. In tests of species-typical behaviour 5-HTT overexpressing mice showed some facilitation whilst 5-HTT knockout mice were impaired. Reciprocal effects were also seen on body weight, as 5-HTT overexpressors were lighter and 5-HTT knockouts were heavier than wildtype controls. These findings show that variation in 5-HTT gene expression produces robust changes in anxiety and species-typical behaviour. Furthermore, the data add further support to findings that variation of 5-HTT expression in the human population is linked to changes in anxiety-related personality traits.
Transparent mirrors: rays, waves and localization (1997)

A stack of transparent plates with randomly varying thicknesses (e.g. viewgraphs) reflects light perfectly, as a result of the accumulation of reflections from interfaces at the air gaps separating the plates. Two theories of this effect are discordant. The naive ray theory assumes that the random phases associated with the thickness variations make all the reflections incoherent, and predicts that the transmitted intensity decays as 1/N. This theory is wrong because some distinct multiply reflected waves have identical path lengths and so superpose coherently. The true decay is exponential: exact averaging of the logarithm of the transmitted intensity over the random phases, assuming these are uniformly distributed modulo , gives the transmitted intensity as , where is the intensity transmittance of a single interface. Transparent mirrors are naked-eye examples of the localization of light, for which the localization length (inverse decay exponent) can be calculated exactly. Experiments confirm the exponential decay.
Best Policies and Practices in Urban Educational Reform: A Summary of Empirical Analysis Focusing on Student Achievements and Equity (2006)

This article is a condensed report of a 3-year empirical study exploring best policies and practices of urban educational reform, focusing on 22 major urban school districts that were involved in the Urban Systemic Initiative (USI) program, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. USI has been a catalyst for large-scale educational reform in mathematics and science. The model was based on 6 educational reform drivers: 4 process drivers (standards-based curriculum, instruction, and assessment; policy; resources; and broad-based support) and 2 student outcome drivers (student achievement and improvement of the historically underserved). Annual data from 21 USI sites were collected for up to 6 years (school years 1993–1994 to 1999–2000). Causal inferential models were explored among the process drivers (independent variables) and outcome drivers (dependent variables), linking policy implementation rubrics to quantitative student outcome data.
Bipolar Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Differential Equation and its Application (2022)

Neutrosophic set plays a vital role in dealing with indeterminacy in real-world problems. Differential equations represent the relation between a function and its derivatives and its applications have importance in both pedagogical and real life. In this paper, neutrosophic differential equation is proposed and solved using bipolar trapezoidal neutrosophic number and applied the concept in predicting bacterial reproduction over separate bodies with graphical representation using MATLAB. Also, comparative analysis is done with the existing method to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Atom Trap Relying on Optical Pumping (1994)

https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publi3/europhys\₉4.pdf
Metabolism of two acaricidal chemicals, N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine (chlorophenamidine) and m-{[(dimethylamino)methylene]amino} phenyl methylcarbamate hydrochloride (formetanate) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolism of two acaricidal chemicals, N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine (chlorophenamidine) and m-{[(dimethylamino)methylene]amino} phenyl methylcarbamate hydrochloride (formetanate)Charles O. KnowlesCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 6, 1038–1047Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60172a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60172a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the translation of relational queries into iterative programs (1989)

This paper investigates the problem of translating set-oriented query specifications into iterative programs. The translation uses techniques of functional programming and program transformation. We present two algorithms that generate iterative programs from algebra-based query specifications. The first algorithm translates query specifications into recursive programs. Those are simplified by sets of transformation rules before the algorithm generates the final iterative form. The second algorithm uses a two-level translation that generates iterative programs faster than the first algorithm. On the first level a small set of transformation rules performs structural simplification before the functional combination on the second level yields the final iterative form.
Molecular mechanisms of sleep‐wake regulation: roles of prostaglandins D <sub>2</sub> and E <sub>2</sub> (1991)

Although sleep-wake cycles are repeated every day and night and almost one-third of our lifetime is spent sleeping, the molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation have remained little understood. Recent experimental evidence indicates that prostaglandins (PG) D2 and E2 are probably two of the major endogenous sleep-regulating substances, one promoting sleep and the other wakefulness, in rats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and probably in humans as well. Preliminary evidence indicates that the sites of action of PGD2 and E2 are located in the sleep and wake centers in or near the preoptic area and posterior hypothalamus, respectively.
Tuning of phase-matching wavelength in waveguide-typeLiTaO <sub>3</sub> frequency doubler (1995)

Tuning of the quasi-phase-matching wavelength in an LiTaO3 second-harmonic generator using an integrated film heater is presented. A 2 nm tuning range of phase-matching wavelength with maintenance of conversion efficiencies over 160 %/W has been achieved by applying 0.4 W to the heater around the fundamental wavelength of 857 nm.
Comparative Hi-C Reveals that CTCF Underlies Evolution of Chromosomal Domain Architecture (2015)

Topological domains are key architectural building blocks of chromosomes, but their functional importance and evolutionary dynamics are not well defined. We performed comparative high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) in four mammals and characterized the conservation and divergence of chromosomal contact insulation and the resulting domain architectures within distantly related genomes. We show that the modular organization of chromosomes is robustly conserved in syntenic regions and that this is compatible with conservation of the binding landscape of the insulator protein CTCF. Specifically, conserved CTCF sites are co-localized with cohesin, are enriched at strong topological domain borders, and bind to DNA motifs with orientations that define the directionality of CTCF's long-range interactions. Conversely, divergent CTCF binding between species is correlated with divergence of internal domain structure, likely driven by local CTCF binding sequence changes, demonstrating how genome evolution can be linked to a continuous flux of local conformation changes. We also show that large-scale domains are reorganized during genome evolution as intact modules.
An explicit inversion formula for the exponential Radon transform using data from 180° (2004)

We derive a direct inversion formula for the exponential Radon transform. Our formula requires only the values of the transform over an 180° range of angles. It is an explicit formula, except that it involves a holomorphic function for which an explicit expression has not been found. In practice, this function can be approximated by an easily computed polynomial of rather low degree.
Capillary surfaces in an exotic container: results from Space experiments (1999)

Experimental results from the Interface Configuration Experiment (ICE) performed aboard the Space Shuttle and the Mir Space Station are reported. The experiment concerns fluid interfaces in certain ‘exotic’ containers in a low-gravity environment. These containers are rotationally symmetric and have the property that for given contact angle and liquid volume, a continuum of distinct rotationally symmetric equilibrium configurations can appear, all of which have the same mechanical energy. These symmetric equilibrium configurations are unstable, in that deformations that are not rotationally symmetric can be shown mathematically to yield configurations with lower energy. It is found experimentally, in confirmation of mathematical results and of numerical computations, that distinct locally stable configurations can form that are not rotationally symmetric and have differing dynamic characteristics. It is found that this intriguing phenomenon of asymmetric local energy minimizers can occur even if conditions for an exotic container are not entirely met.
Role of CLEVER-1 in breast cancer metastasis (2008)

Background Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between individual nutrients such as vitamin D and vitamin B 12 and mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk [1], with varied results. There has been limited research on overall dietary patterns and most studies have focused on adult dietary patterns [2]. We examine prospective data to determine whether dietary patterns from childhood to adult life affect mammographic density. Methods The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development is a national representative sample of 2,815 men and 2,547 women followed since their birth in March 1946 [3]. A wealth of medical and social data has been collected in over 25 follow-ups by home visits, medical examinations and postal questionnaires. Dietary intakes at age 4 years were determined by 24-hour recalls and in adulthood (ages 36, 43 years) by 5-day food records. Copies of the mammograms (two views for each breast) taken when the women were closest to age 50 years were obtained from the relevant NHS centres. A total of 1,319 women were followed up since birth in 1946 for whom a mammogram at age 50 years was retrieved, and the percentage mammographic density was measured using the computer-assisted threshold method for all 1,161 women. Breast cancer incidence for the whole cohort is being ascertained through the National Health Service Central Register. Statistical analysis Reduced rank regression analysis, a relatively new approach to dietary pattern analysis, is being used to identify dietary patterns associated with mammographic density [4]. This approach identifies patterns in food intake that are predictive of an intermediate outcome of the disease process, such as mammographic density, and subsequently examines the relationship between the identified dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.
Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with in vivo T-cell depletion for life threatening refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (2005)

We report the first Australian application of autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in a 39-year old woman with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple life threatening complications, refractory to conventional therapy including intravenous cyclophosphamide. Our transplant technique, although not unique, differs from most published reports, in which an unmanipulated peripheral stem cell graft was used with in vivo lymphocyte depletion using rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Successful stem cell mobilization was achieved using granulocytecolony stimulating factor mobilization with methylprednisolone cover, after an initial attempt at mobilization was curtailed by respiratory arrest from upper airway obstruction due to cricoarytenoiditis, requiring tracheostomy. Conditioning regimen for the transplantation was cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg on days -5 to -2 and rabbit ATG 2.2 mg/kg on days -3 and -2. An unmanipulated autograft was infused, with in vivo T-cell depletion achieved through a further dose of ATG given on day +2 postinfusion. The autologous transplant was well tolerated without fever or other serious complication. At 12 months follow-up post-transplantation, there is an objective evidence of near-complete response with SLE disease activity index scores falling from 40 pretransplant to 2. We conclude that HSCT with unmanipulated peripheral stem cell graft and in vivo lymphocyte depletion with ATG is safe and effective therapy for cyclophosphamide refractory SLE.
Endocannabinoid system: An overview of its potential in current medical practice. (2009)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signalling system, comprising of the endogenous cannabis-like ligands (endocannabinoids) anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which derive from arachidonic acid. These bind to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, called CB1 and CB2. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is distributed in brain areas associated with motor control, emotional responses, motivated behaviour and energy homeostasis. In the periphery, the same receptor is expressed in the adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, GI tract, skeletal muscles, heart and the reproduction system. The CB2R is mainly expressed in the immune system regulating its functions. Endocannabinoids are synthesized and released upon demand in a receptor-dependent way. They act as retrograde signalling messengers in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses and as modulators of postsynaptic transmission, interacting with other neurotransmitters. Endocannabinoids are transported into cells by a specific uptake system and degraded by the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). The ECS is involved in various pathophysiological conditions in central and peripheral tissues. It is implicated in the hormonal regulation of food intake, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune, behavioral, antiproliferative and mammalian reproduction functions. Recent advances have correlated the ECS with drug addiction and alcoholism. The growing number of preclinical and clinical data on ECS modulators is bound to result in novel therapeutic approaches for a number of diseases currently treated inadequately. The ECS dysregulation has been correlated to obesity and metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. Rimonabant is the first CB1 blocker launched to treat cardiometabolic risk factors in obese and overweight patients. Phase III clinical trials showed the drug's ability to regulate intra-abdominal fat tissue levels, lipidemic, glycemic and inflammatory parameters. However, safety conerns have led to its withrawal. The role of endocannabinoids in mammalian reproduction is an emerging research area given their implication in fertilization, preimplantation embryo and spermatogenesis. The relevant preclinical data on endocannabinoid signalling open up new perspectives as a target to improve infertility and reproductive health in humans.