gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability investigation of a high number density Pt<sub>1</sub>/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> single-atom catalyst under different gas environments by HAADF-STEM (2018)

Catalysis by supported single metal atoms has demonstrated tremendous potential for practical applications due to their unique catalytic properties. Unless they are strongly anchored to the support surfaces, supported single atoms, however, are thermodynamically unstable, which poses a major obstacle for broad applications of single-atom catalysts (SACs). In order to develop strategies to improve the stability of SACs, we need to understand the intrinsic nature of the sintering processes of supported single metal atoms, especially under various gas environments that are relevant to important catalytic reactions. We report on the synthesis of high number density Pt<sub>1</sub>/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> SACs using a facial strong adsorption method and the study of the mobility of these supported Pt single atoms at 250 °C under various gas environments that are relevant to CO oxidation, water-gas shift, and hydrogenation reactions. Under the oxidative gas environment, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> supported Pt single atoms are stable even at high temperatures. The presence of either CO or H<sub>2</sub> molecules in the gas environment, however, facilitates the movement of the Pt atoms. The strong interaction between CO and Pt weakens the binding between the Pt atoms and the support, facilitating the movement of the Pt single atoms. The dissociation of H<sub>2</sub> molecules on the Pt atoms and their subsequent interaction with the oxygen species of the support surfaces dislodge the surface oxygen anchored Pt atoms, resulting in the formation of Pt clusters. The addition of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules to the CO or H<sub>2</sub> significantly accelerates the sintering of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> supported Pt single atoms. An anchoring-site determined sintering mechanism is further proposed, which is related to the metal-support interaction.
Research roundup: January 2013 (2013)

In this section, brief synopses of a range of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors are presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Integrated inversion channel optoelectronic devices and circuit elements for multifunctional array applications (1993)

An approach to laser-based optoelectronic integration is described. It is shown that by using a single epitaxial growth structure and a common processing sequence, all the electrical and optical devices required for a complete optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) are realized. The demonstrated individual device performance and the implementation of an integrated combination of devices are discussed. Such applications as the implementation of a basic building block for a 2*2 smart-pixel switching node are discussed. A comparison to other laser- and modulator-based approaches is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conditions on the optimality of multilevel codes (2002)

The key point in designing a multilevel coding (MLC) scheme is the proper assignment of code rates to the individual coding levels. Assuming low complex multistage decoding (MSD), at each level i of a MLC scheme an equivalent channel can be defined for transmission of binary symbol x/sup i/. If the rates R/sup i/ at the individual coding levels are chosen to be equal to the capacities C/sup i/ of the equivalent channels, MLC together with MSD is optimum in the sense of capacity. In this paper, we present more general conditions on the individual rates R/sup i/ for MLC to be optimal, when overall maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) instead of MSD is used. To maximize the minimum distance of the Euclidean space code, balancing the products d/sub i//sup 2//spl middot//spl delta//sub i/ for all levels i has often been proposed as a design rule. Here, d/sub i/ denotes the minimum intra subset Euclidean distance at the ith partitioning level and /spl delta//sub i/ the minimum Hamming distance of component code C/sup i/. We show that MLC schemes which are designed by this balanced distances rule (BDR) can achieve capacity only if an extremely complex overall MLD is employed.
Clinical implications of acetaldehyde adducts with hemoglobin. (1985)

Acetaldehyde has been found to form adducts with human hemoglobin, a portion of which (15-25%) are stable to dialysis. The reaction is nonenzymatic and occurs with purified hemoglobin A. As determined by incorporation of radioactivity, the amount of stable hemoglobin adducts formed is proportional to the amount of acetaldehyde to which hemoglobin is exposed, or to the number of intermittent pulses. Reaction of hemoglobin A with 3 to 30 mM acetaldehyde significantly increases the amount of minor hemoglobins recovered following chromatography on cation exchange resin. Acetaldehyde adducts with hemoglobin involve primarily the beta chain and at least three different amino acid residues (valine, lysine and tyrosine), and two modified residues (glucosyl-valine and glucosyl-lysine). The acetaldehyde appears to be reacting with the epsilon-amino group of lysine and alpha-amino group of valine probably through an initial Schiff's base reaction. The secondary amines of glycosylated valine or glycosylated lysine residues are also proposed to be at the sites of reaction with acetaldehyde. Disubstitution of amino groups is known to occur with hexose sugar (Schwartz, Gray 1977) and by analogy, acetaldehyde might also react with the secondary amine of glycosylated residues. Acetaldehyde adduct formation with tyrosine residues may involve either a nucleophilic attack by the third or fifth carbon of the phenolic ring, analogous to formaldehyde modification of proteins (Blass, Bizzini, Raynaud 1965) or alternatively by reaction with the hydroxyl group of tyrosine. Only a portion of the stable hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts which were stable to 24h of dialysis could be irreversibly fixed by sodium borohydride or cyanoborohydride reduction. A greater portion however appeared to be in a non-reducible (non-carbonyl, non-amino) form. Up to 45% of the dialysis stable adducts could be reduced by sodium cyanoborohydride and be hydrolyzed to amino acid adducts if given either sufficient reduction time (2-3 weeks at 22 degrees C) or increased temperature (1-2 days at 50 degrees C). An increase in reducible adduct recovery occurred in all 5 residues detected by amino acid analysis. This suggests that the adducts that are stable to acid hydrolysis form and reverse through a reducible (e.g. Schiff base) form but that most of the time the adducts occur in a non-reducible state. At present, assay systems are not available which can detect acetaldehyde adducts in the blood of humans consuming alcohol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Handoff-triggered TCP (hot-TCP): performance and fairness evaluation (2005)

When designing Mobile IP, achieving full transparency for higher layer protocols was one of the main design goals. However, this resulted in several weaknesses, one of them being the decline of TCP's performance in the case of frequent handoffs. Our proposal, handoff-triggered TCP (hot-TCP), enhances TCP's throughput in that case. After a handoff, TCP is notified about the reconnection and may immediately resume data transmission using the previous window size. Since we may not change the remote hosts on the Internet, hot-TCP is used within a split transport connection architecture. We evaluate hot-TCP regarding its performance and fairness in a multiuser environment. The results presented show that a mobile node using hot-TCP does not impact the fair sharing of the wireless link's capacity. Furthermore, we discuss the security requirements for our approach.
Ultra-wideband transmit/receive antenna pair for ground penetrating radar (2000)

Experimental results from a novel compact transmit/receive antenna pair consisting of two loss-loaded bow-tie monopole antennas are described. Instead of using a distributed resistive loading of the antenna, a broadband microwave absorber is applied as a lossy dielectric loading of the bow-tie elements. The antenna pair has a number of remarkable features. It is characterised by a high bandwidth (400–6000 MHz), a low cross-coupling, and a sharp impulse response with low reverberation. The radiation pattern maintains the same shape and orientation across the whole bandwidth, with an E-plane beamwidth ranging from 100° to 40° and a maximum antenna gain of –3.0 dBi. The input impedance is resistive, and has a value of 75 Ω over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the input impedance is not affected by the presence of the soil when the antenna is placed on the ground surface.
Phosphorus-31 NMR spectral analysis of the dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 NMR spectral analysis of the dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)Johann Ott and Fritz EcksteinCite this: Biochemistry 1985, 24, 10, 2530–2535Publication Date (Print):May 7, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 7 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00331a020https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00331a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock (2017)

Up-to-date evidence of very low to moderate quality, with insufficient sample power per outcome, does not clearly support the use of procalcitonin-guided antimicrobial therapy to minimize mortality, mechanical ventilation, clinical severity, reinfection or duration of antimicrobial therapy of patients with septic conditions.
The Relationship Between Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness (2007)

Over the past 50 years research has typically demonstrated either no, or a weak relationship between academic performance and physical performance. Nevertheless, the fact that any positive relationship has been found has lead to the “healthy children learn better” concept currently being promoted in schools, and used as a rationale to justify physical education programs. The conclusions of previous studies have been based on the statistical significance of the results, and have not incorporated the practical significance. The authors investigated the relationship between academic performance, as measured by scores on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, and physical fitness, as measured by performance on the President’s Challenge. Subjects were 5847 Seattle School District students in grades three, five, six and eight. The correlation between mean physical and academic percentile scores was 0.19, p <.05. While statistically significant, this correlation indicated that only 3.6% of the variance in academic performance could be explained by physical fitness. The low level indicated that the relationship between academic performance and physical fitness is of little practical importance. Accordingly, physical education programs should not be advocated as a means to promote academic achievement in students.?
Abnormal methylation capacity in human liver cirrhosis. (1988)

To investigate the influence of liver cirrhosis on the capacity of methylation, the urinary excretion of the methylated forms of arsenic was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry after the administration of a small dose of inorganic arsenic. The study was carried out in 13 normal controls, 18 patients with various clinical conditions, but without evidence of parenchymal liver disease, and 38 with cirrhosis of varied aetiology and severity. In normal controls, the percentage of arsenic excreted as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) averaged 12.3 +/- 2.8% and 23.3 +/- 6.4%, respectively, and was not significantly different from that obtained in disease controls. The presence of liver cirrhosis did not affect the percentage of the injected dose excreted within 24 h. However, cirrhotic patients excreted significantly less MMA (4.7 +/- 3.3, p less than 0.001) and more DMA (40.4 +/- 16.6%, p less than 0.001). The amount of MMA correlated with the 14C aminopyrine breath test (r = 0.43) and was invariably lower than the normal range in patients with severe liver disease. These findings indicate that liver cirrhosis is associated with profound abnormalities of the methylation pathway, which might have potential consequences in the metabolism of endogenous amines and xenobiotics.
Observation and control of the amphoteric behaviour of Si-doped InSb grown on GaAs by MBE (1989)

The MBE growth and doping of heteroepitaxial layers of InSb on GaAs (100) are investigated. The layers are assessed by low-field Hall and magnetoresistivity measurements and high-field Shubnikov-de Haas studies together with infrared transmission, and TEM. The mechanism for silicon incorporation is investigated as a function of growth temperature. At low growth temperatures ( approximately=340 degrees C) silicon acts only as a donor and can produce electron concentrations up to 3*1018 cm-3 with 77 K mobilities identical to those found with bulk material. Although higher concentrations than 3*1018 cm-3 can be achieved; auto-compensation appears to occur in those samples. The 77 K mobilities achieved for less heavily doped samples (>40000 cm2 V-1 s-1 for n=1.2*1017 cm-3 for samples grown at 340 degrees C) are the highest low-temperature mobilities yet reported for n-type InSb films of approximately=1 mu m thickness grown on GaAs. However, higher growth temperatures ( approximately=420 degrees C) combined with constant silicon flux are found to simultaneously decrease electron concentration and mobility measured at 77 K although the structural quality as assessed by TEM remains unchanged. Analysis of the observed behaviour in terms of the Brooks-Herring model of ionised impurity scattering, modified for nonparabolicity, suggests that silicon is acting amphoterically with compensation ratios (NA/ND) reaching 0.5 at the higher temperatures. The effect of the interface between GaAs and InSb (lattice mismatch=14%) on the electrical properties is studied by introducing doping slabs of thickness approximately=1300 AA at various distances (d) between the interface (d=0 mu m) and the surface (d approximately=1.5 mu m) of the epilayer. A series of peaks not periodic in reciprocal field (1/B) are found at low fields with B parallel to the slabs and are interpreted as arising from the diamagnetic depopulation of the large number of subbands occupied as a result of the considerable thickness of the slabs. Be doping at 2*1019 cm-3 was demonstrated and, as with silicon, the bulk mobility corresponding to this hole concentration was achieved.
A retrievable rescue stent graft and radiofrequency positioning for rapid control of noncompressible hemorrhage (2017)

This study demonstrates the rapid deployment and retrieval of a RESCUE stent graft as well as the ability to tamponade injuries of the aorta and cava. In addition, this study demonstrates the feasibility of RF tags to guide stent placement through tissue. More rigorous models are needed to define the effectiveness of this approach in the setting of vascular injury and shock.
Nonlinear distortion cancellation in class a junction transistor amplifier stages (1974)

Abstract Various sources of distortion in class A junction transistor amplifier stages are investigated using a unified method of analysis. Expressions for simultaneous cancellation of second and third harmonic distortions at low frequencies are derived giving the design relations between the source and load resistances together with the transistor operating parameters. High frequency effects are considered and a simple compensating method is devised to extend the gain‐bandwidth product to the order of (1/2°C TC r b′b ).
N3-Alkylation during formation of quinazolin-4-ones from condensation of anthranilamides and orthoamides (2011)

Dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMFDMA) is widely used as a source of electrophilic one-carbon units at the formate oxidation level; however, electrophilic methylation with this reagent is previously unreported. Reaction of anthranilamide with DMFDMA at 150 °C for short periods gives mainly quinazolin-4-one. However, prolonged reaction with dimethylformamide di(primary-alkyl)acetals leads to subsequent alkylation at N(3). 3-Substituted anthranilamides give 8-substituted 3-alkylquinazolin-4-ones. Condensation of anthranilamides with dimethylacetamide dimethylacetal provides 2,3-dimethylquinazolin-4-ones. In these reactions, the source of the N(3)-alkyl group is the O-alkyl group of the orthoamides. By contrast, reaction with the more sterically crowded dimethylformamide di(isopropyl)acetal diverts the alkylation to the oxygen, giving 4-isopropoxyquinazolines, along with N(3)-methylquinazolin-4-ones where the methyl is derived from N-Me of the orthoamides. Reaction of anthranilamide with the highly sterically demanding dimethylformamide di(t-butyl)acetal gives largely quinazolin-4-one, whereas dimethylformamide di(neopentyl)acetal forms a mixture of quinazolin-4-one and N(3)-methylquinazolin-4-one. The observations are rationalised in terms of formation of intermediate cationic electrophiles (alkoxymethylidene-N,N-dimethylammonium) by thermal elimination of the corresponding alkoxide from the orthoamides. These are the first observations of orthoamides as direct alkylating agents.
<i>N</i>‐Acetylgucosaminono‐1,5‐lactone oxime and the corresponding (phenylcarbamoyl)oxime (1991)

Using N-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone (1) as the reference, the inhibitory activity of its (formal) derivatives N-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone oxime (2) and N-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone O-(phenylcarbamoyl)-oxime (3) was tested against beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of different origins (animal, plant, fungus). Displaying inhibition constants of 0.45 microM and 0.62 microM, for the animal and plant enzyme, respectively, the simple oxime 2 was about equally potent as the parent lactone 1, and 50-400 times more efficient than two recently described new beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitors. The (phenylcarbamoyl)oxime 3 performed even better, particularly with the fungal enzyme (Ki = 40 nM), i.e. was about 350 times more potent than the lactone. In all cases competitive inhibition was observed with 4-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide as the substrate. With Ki/Km ratios up to 3300 for 2 and 13,600 for 3, the mode of action of these novel inhibitors is probably that of transition state mimicry. Suggestions are made for their use as a tool in biological research.
Menstrual cycle-specific inhibition of endometrial stromal cell proliferation by oncostatin M (2001)

We have investigated the possible roles of oncostatin M (OSM), which is a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cell growth. Endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were collected from the uterus or ovarian chocolate cysts. We observed the expression of mRNA transcripts for OSM, OSM receptor subunit beta, leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor subunit (LIFR), and glycoprotein 130 in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells. We also examined the effects of OSM (0-50 ng/ml) and LIF (0-10 ng/ml) on endometrial and endometriotic stromal cell proliferation and evaluated the effects of OSM on endometrial stromal cell differentiation. The presence of 10-50 ng/ml OSM significantly suppressed endometrial stromal cell growth in secretory phase tissue but not in proliferative phase tissue. In contrast, stromal cells in endometriotic tissues were resistant to the inhibitory effects of OSM. Addition of LIF did not influence the growth of endometrial stromal cells. We also showed that 10 ng/ml OSM stimulated markers of differentiation causing increased prolactin secretion and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in endometrial stromal cells from the secretory phase. These results suggest that OSM may play a pivotal role in regulating the growth and differentiation of endometrial cells. Endometriotic cells may behave differently from normal endometrial cells in terms of the inhibitory response to OSM.
A Low-Loss Substrate-Independent Approach for 60-GHz Transceiver Front-End Integration Using Micromachining Technologies (2008)

This paper presents a low-loss, substrate-independent approach to integrate transceiver front-ends for 60-GHz wireless applications. Dielectric loss is eliminated by using polymer and bulk silicon micromachining technologies to create a cavity-based duplexer and a horn antenna in the air, above the substrate. A coplanar waveguide input is used for easy integration of the low-noise amplifier and power amplifier of the receiver and transmitter, respectively, with the micromachined passive module. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and characterized, with the transmit band (TX) set between 58.7-59.5 GHz and the receive band (RX) as 60.6-61.4 GHz. The proposed method offers an easy integration of both planar components and 3-D integrated modules on top of the substrate.
Efficacy against lung metastasis with a tumor-targeting mutant of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in immunocompetent mice (2012)

Salmonella typhimurium double leu-arg auxotrophs have been shown to be highly effective as antitumor agents in nude mouse models of human metastatic cancer. In order to proceed to clinical development of the S. typhimurium double auxotroph, termed A1-R, it is necessary to evaluate antitumor efficacy in immunocompetent mice. In the present study, we have observed the efficacy of A1-R on the Lewis lung (LLC) carcinoma in vitro as well as in C57BL/6 (C57) immunocompetent mice. In vitro, A1-R treatment of LLC began to induce cell death within one hour. Various doses and schedules of A1-R were administered to C57 mice implanted with LLC, including bolus single intravenous injection; medium dose with weekly intravenous administration and metronomic treatment with small intravenous doses twice a week. Bolus treatment was toxic to the immunocompetent host, in contrast to nude mice. Lower-dose weekly doses and metronomic doses were well tolerated by the immunocompetent host. Weekly intravenous injection with 2 × 10(7) bacteria and twice a week intravenous injection with 10(7) bacteria significantly inhibited metastasis formation, while bolus injection was toxic. Intra-thoracic administration was carried out with 10(8) bacteria A1-R injected into Lewis lung-bearing C57 mice weekly for three weeks. Lung metastasis was significantly inhibited by intrathoracic bacterial administration, without toxicity. The results in this report, demonstrating the anti-metastatic efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in immunocompetent mice, indicate the clinical potential of bacterial therapy of cancer.