gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible earthquake precursors revealed by LF radio signals (2001)

Abstract. Among radio signals, low frequency (LF) radio signals lie in the band between 30–300 kHz. Monitoring equipment with the ability to measure the electric strength of such signals at field sites, were designed and assembled in Italy. From 1993 onwards, the electric field strength of the MCO (216 kHz, France) broadcasting station has been collecting measurements at two sites in central Italy that were chosen according to very low noise levels. At the end of 1996, radio signals from the CLT (189 kHz, Italy) and CZE (270 kHz, Czech Republic) broadcasting stations were included in the measurements. Meteorological data from central Italy were also collected over the same time period in order to study the influence of weather conditions on the experimental measurements. During the monitoring period, we observed some evident attenuation of the electric field strength in some of the radio signals at some of the receivers. The duration of the attenuation observed was several days, so it could possibly be related to particular meteorological conditions. On the other hand, this phenomenon might represent precursors of moderate (3.0 < M < 3.5) earthquakes that occurred near the receivers (within 50 km) along the transmitter-receiver path. In this case, it is possible that the pre-seismic processes could have produced irregularities in the troposphere, such as ducts, reflecting layers and scattering zones, so that some local troposphere defocusing of the radio signals might have occurred. These observations were related only to moderate earthquakes and in these cases, suitable meteorological conditions were probably needed to observe the effect. Between February – March 1998, we observed at one measuring site, a significant increase in the CZE electric field strength. Unfortunately, we could not use the data of the other receiver in this case, due to frequent interruptions in the data set. The increase might have been a precursor of the strong seismic sequence (M = 5.0–6.0) that occurred during March – May 1998 in Slovenia at a location over 400 km from the receiver, but lying in the middle of the transmitter-receiver path. In this case, it is possible that an ionospheric disturbance, produced by the pre-seismic processes, might have occurred.
Bidirectional Devices for Automotive-Grade Electrostatic Discharge Applications (2012)

High bidirectional holding-voltage clamps are introduced for applications operating in harsh environments. The clamps' terminals are formed with complementary doped 3-D "T" pattern and island active regions. Transmission-line-pulsed current in the ranges of ±0.15 and ±0.39 mA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is demonstrated for ±40- and ±25-V holding-voltage clamps, respectively. The high bidirectional holding voltage is optimized without increasing spacing between the terminals of the devices, achieving a compact clamp architecture successfully codesigned with advanced transceiver circuits.
<i>Yersinia pestis</i> Is Viable with Endotoxin Composed of Only Lipid A (2005)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. The minimal LPS structure for viability of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is lipid A glycosylated with 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residues. Here we show that another member of the Enterobacteriaceae, Yersinia pestis, can survive without Kdo in its LPS.
Adaptive control with NeuCOP, the neural control and optimization package (2002)

NeuCOP is the neural control and optimization package that has been jointly developed by Texaco and NeuralWare. It is a state-of-the-art, multivariable, adaptive controller that combines the nonlinear modeling power of neural networks with nonlinear optimization algorithms. The NeuCOP controller belongs to the general class of model predictive controllers. One novel feature of the NeuCOP controller is its use of a nonlinear, neural network process model. We describe the identification subsystem that has been developed. More specifically, we address the issue of system re-identification, after the system is put online. The re-identification process allows the model to adapt to changing process conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anaesthesia simulator: intelligent monitoring and control of depth of anaesthesia (1998)

A system has been developed for monitoring the anaesthetic state of patients during surgical interventions under general anaesthesia using propofol for unconsciousness and fentanyl for analgesia. This subject has received much attention from the research community especially since the advent of balanced anaesthesia, which has made the detection of awareness much more difficult. Mid-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (MLAEPs) obtained during general anaesthesia are being used within the design of a neuro-fuzzy system for the determination of the level of unconsciousness after feature extraction using multiresolution wavelet analysis. A second measure for depth of anaesthesia is based on the cardiovascular system status, e.g. blood pressure and heart rate. The 2 measures are fused and a final depth of anaesthesia is assessed. Based on the classified Depth of Anaesthesia (DOA), a target concentration is decided by a rule-based fuzzy logic controller which feeds the set-point to a Target Controller Infusion algorithm (TCI) for maintaining automatic drug infusion. The patient is simulated using a 3 compartment mathematical model of the drug infusion and effect. The system provides a closed-loop architecture that can automatically provide the drug profile necessary to maintain the patient at a safe level of anaesthesia. Subsequently, the system can be used as an on-line advisory system (training simulator) designed for guidance on the target of propofol concentration to be used. This open-loop system includes the anaesthetist within the loop controlling the final target concentration for TCI system, thereby maintaining overall control over the system. Here, a patient simulator is described for use with DOA measurements and a control system. The simulator runs on a separate PC in order to provide a realistic simulation environment. The same system (including the patient simulator) is being implemented on a single laptop computer with a user interface capability (Windows based) which is used as a training simulator for anaesthetists.
Recent Progress in the Discovery of Non-Sarcosine Based GlyT1 Inhibitors (2010)

The simple amino acid glycine is implicated in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in mammalian central nervous system, and it modulates excitatory neurotransmission through its role as a necessary co-agonist for glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Given the involvement of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in complex cerebral processes such as cognition, pharmacological manipulation of extracellular synaptic glycine biology is an active area of pharmaceutical research to develop novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. A key component of cerebral glycine metabolism is the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) and elevation of extracellular synaptic glycine concentration by blockade of GlyT1 has been hypothesized to potentiate NMDA receptor function in vivo and to represent a rational approach for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive disorders. The present article will review the wealth of scientific evidence supporting that hypothesis and the medicinal chemistry effort by many pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions to develop potent and selective GlyT1 inhibitors.
Action of the neurotrophins on calcium uptake (1997)

The neurotrophins are important for their long-term effects on the survival and differentiation of many types of neurons during development. They also appear to protect mature neurons from injury caused by nutrient or oxygen deprivation. More recently, the neurotrophins have been implicated in such short-term processes as synaptic plasticity. A great deal of evidence suggests that intracellular calcium levels play a key role in neuronal survival during normal development, in neuronal injury following nutrient or oxygen deprivation, and in synaptic plasticity as well. Maintaining appropriate intracellular levels of calcium is important for proper biological function and it has been shown that one of the actions of the neurotrophins is to modulate intracellular calcium levels in a number of in vivo and in vitro systems. Some information about the mechanism(s) by which this is accomplished is now available. Understanding the mechanisms of neurotrophin action should provide insights into the processes by which the brain functions and, further, provide therapeutic tools for the treatment of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
Design of Ceramic Materials for Chemical Sensors with Novel Properties (1995)

Recently, the search for novel functions has received increasing attention in the field of materials. Outstanding possibilities for innovative applications are given by electroceramics. One of the fields which may be improved by a different use of functional ceramics is that of chemical sensors. In fact, the materials conventionally used in this field show problems still to be solved, such as insufficient gas selectivity, inability to detect very low gas concentrations, and changes in sensing properties caused by surface contamination. One possible solution to these problems is the design of materials with novel detection mechanisms. The design of innovative properties may be achieved by integration or hybridization of materials with different properties. In this paper, examples of multiphase materials for humidity and gas sensors are reported, i.e., La 2 CuO 4 /ZnO p‐n heterocontacts, Au/ZnO Schottky barriers, and sol‐gel processed thin films of TiO 2 with 10 at. % of K, based, respectively, on the interaction of p ‐type/ n ‐type semiconductors, metal/ceramic, and conductor/insulator.
Intraoperative Radiolymphoscintigraphy Improves Sentinel Lymph Node Identification for Patients with Melanoma (1996)

The use of intraoperative radiolymphoscintigraphy can improve the identification of all SLNs during selective lymphadenectomy.
The theory of Q-switching applied to slow switching and pulse shaping for solid state lasers (1965)

The rate equations derived by Vuylsteke for the growth and decay of photon flux and population inversion within the laser resonator have been solved by computer. Slow switching, simulating the rotating mirror switch, has been studied and new conclusions drawn. Pulse shaping has also been treated and the switching functions necessary to produce square-topped output pulses have been derived. Detailed solutions are also given for a fast step-function switch.
Fourier Transform-Related Operations (2004)

In this chapter, the operations discussed will be related to the Fourier transform and especially to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or fast Fourier transform (FFT). Some of these operations are useful to receiver design and some of these techniques can improve the results of the FFT. The discussion includes zero padding, better localization of FFT peaks, digital convolution, parallel FFT operations to increase overall speed, performing real FFT by using complex FFT operations, and a phase sampling scheme to increase the bandwidth of the receiver.
Collaborative Reputation-based Voice Spam Filtering (2009)

We propose a collaborative reputation-based voice spam filtering framework. Our approach uses the cumulative online duration of a VoIP user to derive his reputation value. And we leverage user feedback to mark unsolicited calls. For each unwanted call, our voice spam filter charges the caller a reputation point, and transfers this reputation point to the callee. To avoid VoIP users to manually label nuisance calls, our voice spam filter automatically marks all VoIP calls with short call durations as unsolicited. The preliminary simulation results show that our approach is effective to counter voice spam.
The an11 locus controlling flower pigmentation in petunia encodes a novel WD-repeat protein conserved in yeast, plants, and animals. (1997)

In petunia flowers, the loci an1, an2, and an11 control the pigmentation of the flower by stimulating the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The an1 and an2 locus were recently cloned and encode a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MYB-domain transcriptional activator, respectively. Here, we report the isolation of the an11 locus by transposon tagging. RNA gel blot experiments show that an11 is expressed independently from an1 and an2 throughout plant development, as well as in tissues that do not express the anthocyanin pathway. It encodes a novel WD-repeat protein that is highly conserved even in species that do not produce anthocyanins such as yeast, nematodes, and mammals. The observation that the human an11 homolog partially complements the an11 petunia mutant in transient assays shows that sequence similarity reflects functional conservation. Overexpression of an2 in an11- petals restored the activity of a structural anthocyanin gene in transient assays, indicating that AN11 acts upstream of AN2. Cell fractionation experiments show that the bulk of the AN11 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Taken together, this indicates that AN11 is a cytoplasmic component of a conserved signal transduction cascade that modulates AN2 function in petunia, thereby linking cellular signals with transcriptional activation.
Enhancement of spectral contrast to speech usinga sinusoidal model (1999)

People with hearing loss of cochlear origin experience difficulties perceiving speech in noise. This fact is due, in part, to reduced frequency selectivity. The authors present a sharpening processing algorithm based on a sinusoidal speech model and its implementation in real-time.
Etiology of erythema nodosum (2016)

Erythema nodosum, a kind of panniculitis, occurs most frequently on both shins, and is mainly characterized by erythema and painful subcutaneous nodules. It is common in young women. Histologically, it manifests as septal panniculitis complicated by infiltration of various inflammatory cells. The definite pathogenesis remains unclear, and it is currently considered to be caused by delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Some scholars deem that it is caused by neutrophilic panniculitis due to immune complex deposition in small veins in septa between fat lobules. The etiology of erythema nodosum is very complex, and may be associated with infections, systemic diseases, drugs, hormone levels, malignant tumors, etc. Moreover, differences exist in the etiology of erythema nodosum among different countries and areas.


Key words: 
Erythema nodosum; Bacterial infections; Sulfonamides; Immune system diseases; Endocrine system; Carcinoma
Microarray analysis of postmortem temporal cortex from patients with schizophrenia (2004)

To examine molecular mechanisms associated with schizophrenia this study measured expression of approximately 12,000 genes in the middle temporal gyrus from 12 subjects with schizophrenia and 14 matched normal controls. Among the most consistent changes in genes with robust expression were significant decreases in the expression of myelination-related genes MAG, PLLP (TM4SF11), PLP1, ERBB3 in subjects with schizophrenia. There was also altered expression of genes regulating neurodevelopment (TRAF4, Neurod1, histone deacetylase 3), a circadian pacemaker (PER1), and several other genes involved in regulation of chromatin function and signaling mechanisms. These findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in oligodendroglia and provide initial evidence suggesting a role for epigenetic mechanisms and altered circadian rhythms in this disorder.
Molecular structure of the mouse amelogenin genomic DNA (1996)

A genomic DNA clone (14.5 kbp) for amelogenin, a tooth enamel specific protein, has been isolated from a mouse genomic library. The nucleotide structure of this DNA was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. The result indicated that the cloned DNA contained all the exons in addition to approximately 5.5 kbp of upstream sequence.
A New Methodology for the Preparation of Vinyl Esters (1993)

A new methodology has been developed for the preparation of unsubstituted enol esters. Its application is demonstrated by the obtainment of vinyl aromatic α-amino esters. A brief investigation of the preparation of other hydrophobic vinyl esters proved successful. Because of the mild reaction conditions employed, it is believed this route should provide access to other enol esters.
<title>Ion-exchange-metal composite sensor films</title> (1997)

In this work sensor films made out of ion-exchange membrane- metal composite polymers developed by treating commercially available ion-exchange membrane polyions with a noble metal such as platinum were investigated. These smart composites exhibit characteristics of both actuators and sensors. Strips of these composites cut in a standard size will undergo large bending displacement when placed in a low electric field. Conversely by bending the composite strip, a voltage can be measured across the thin membrane. The output voltage can then be calibrated for a standard size sensor and correlated to the applied loads or stresses. In this research the sensing capability of these materials were investigated by bending the tip end of a sample and measuring the output voltage. The results were then plotted to get characteristic response of the composite for a given imposed tip displacement. In addition a hysteresis curve for a complete cycle of bending was obtained. The preliminary results showed the existence of linear relationship between output voltage and displacement for all except the last quarter of bending cycle. Unlike strain gages where the output voltage needs to be conditioned and amplified by a factor of 1000 or more, these composite polymer sensors can produce up to millivolt output and sense large deformations in the presence of small amplifier gains of two order of magnitude less than conventional sensors. In addition they can be made in the range of micro to several inches in dimension for various applications. Also they don't face the shortcomings and other limitations associated with bonding of typical strain gages to the work piece. The most important advantage of these composites is the fact that they can be used both as large motion sensors and actuators. This means that by using a simple feedback control scheme and double layers of the composite film, it will be possible to use these composites as self-contained robotic manipulators that don't need sophisticated sensors modules for full integration of intelligence.
Incremental parsing in language‐based editors: user needs and how to meet them (2001)

Abstract Incremental parsing has long been recognized as a technique of great utility in the construction of language‐based editors, and correspondingly, the area currently enjoys a mature theory. Unfortunately, many practical considerations have been largely overlooked in previously published algorithms. Many user requirements for an editing system necessarily impact on the design of its incremental parser, but most approaches focus only on one: response time. This paper details an incremental parser based on LR parsing techniques and designed for use in a modeless syntax recognition editor. The nature of this editor places significant demands on the structure and quality of the document representation it uses, and hence, on the parser. The strategy presented here is novel in that both the parser and the representation it constructs are tolerant of the inevitable and frequent syntax errors that arise during editing. This is achieved by a method that differs from conventional error repair techniques, and that is more appropriate for use in an interactive context. Furthermore, the parser aims to minimize disturbance to this representation, not only to ensure other system components can operate incrementally, but also to avoid unfortunate consequences for certain user‐oriented services. The algorithm is augmented with a limited form of predictive tree‐building, and a technique is presented for the determination of valid symbols for menu‐based insertion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistive Switching by Voltage-Driven Ion Migration in Bipolar RRAM—Part I: Experimental Study (2012)

Resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) based on the formation and the dissolution of a conductive filament (CF) through insulating materials, e.g., transition metal oxides, may find applications as novel memory and logic devices. Understanding the resistive-switching mechanism is essential for predicting and controlling the scaling and reliability performances of the RRAM. This paper addresses the set/reset characteristics of RRAM devices based on <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{HfO}_{x}$</tex></formula> . The set process is analyzed as a function of the initial high-resistance state and of the current compliance. The reset process is studied as a function of the initial low-resistance state. Finally, the intermediate set states, obtained by set at variable compliance current, and reset states, obtained by reset at variable stopping voltage, are characterized with respect to their reset voltage, allowing for a microscopic interpretation of intermediate states in terms of different filament morphologies.
Identification of a gene causing human cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase deficiency by integrative genomics (2003)

Identifying the genes responsible for human diseases requires combining information about gene position with clues about biological function. The recent availability of whole-genome data sets of RNA and protein expression provides powerful new sources of functional insight. Here we illustrate how such data sets can expedite disease-gene discovery, by using them to identify the gene causing Leigh syndrome, French-Canadian type (LSFC, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man no. 220111), a human cytochrome c oxidase deficiency that maps to chromosome 2p16-21. Using four public RNA expression data sets, we assigned to all human genes a "score" reflecting their similarity in RNA-expression profiles to known mitochondrial genes. Using a large survey of organellar proteomics, we similarly classified human genes according to the likelihood of their protein product being associated with the mitochondrion. By intersecting this information with the relevant genomic region, we identified a single clear candidate gene, LRPPRC. Resequencing identified two mutations on two independent haplotypes, providing definitive genetic proof that LRPPRC indeed causes LSFC. LRPPRC encodes an mRNA-binding protein likely involved with mtDNA transcript processing, suggesting an additional mechanism of mitochondrial pathophysiology. Similar strategies to integrate diverse genomic information can be applied likewise to other disease pathways and will become increasingly powerful with the growing wealth of diverse, functional genomics data.