gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The polypeptide chain release factor eRF1 specifically contacts the s<sup>4</sup>UGA stop codon located in the A site of eukaryotic ribosomes (2001)

It has been shown previously [Brown, C.M. & Tate, W.P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 33164-33170.] that the polypeptide chain release factor RF2 involved in translation termination in prokaryotes was able to photocrossreact with mini-messenger RNAs containing stop signals in which U was replaced by 4-thiouridine (s4U). Here, using the same strategy we have monitored photocrosslinking to eukaryotic ribosomal components of 14-mer mRNA in the presence of tRNA(f)(Met), and 42-mer mRNA in the presence of tRNA(Asp) (tRNA(Asp) gene transcript). We show that: (a) both 14-mer and 42-mer mRNAs crossreact with ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins. The patterns of the crosslinked ribosomal proteins are similar with both mRNAs and sensitive to ionic conditions; (b) the crosslinking patterns obtained with 42-mer mRNAs show characteristic modification upon addition of tRNA(Asp) providing evidence for appropriate mRNA phasing onto the ribosome. Similar changes are not detected with the 14-mer mRNA.tRNA(f)(Met) pairs; (c) when eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor 1 (eRF1) is added to the ribosome.tRNA(Asp) complex it crossreacts with the 42-mer mRNA containing the s(4)UGA stop codon located in the A site, but not with the s(4)UCA sense codon; this crosslink involves the N-terminal and middle domains of eRF1 but not the C domain which interacts with eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor 3 (eRF3); (d) addition of eRF3 has no effect on the yield of eRF1-42-mer mRNA crosslinking and eRF3 does not crossreact with 42-mer mRNA. These experiments delineate the in vitro conditions allowing optimal phasing of mRNA on the eukaryotic ribosome and demonstrate a direct and specific contact of 'core' eRF1 and s(4)UGA stop codon within the ribosomal A site.
NITROSO RUBBER RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION (1965)

Abstract : Processes for the production of CF3NO and of the CF3NO/C2F4 copolymer were developed. These processes were utilized for the production of 200 lbs of copolymer and 191 lbs of CF3NO in a pilot plant facility. The preparation and properties of the CF3NO precursor, CF3COONO, were studied. Development of preparative routes for nitroso termonomers containing reactive functionalities was pursued intensively. Both aliphatic and aromatic termonomers were prepared of which ONC6F4COOH and ON(CF2)3COOH were of greatest interest. Experimental copolymers and terpolymers were prepared and evaluated. A CF3NO/C2F4 copolymer of molecular weight greater than 3,500,000 was prepared by modified bulk polymerization techniques. A solution polymerization method was developed for the preparation of CF3NO/ON(CF2)3COOH/C2F4 terpolymer gums. A curing and filler study was conducted in attempts to obtain vulcanizates for improved physical properties. Tensile strengths greater than 1600 psi with elongations greater than 350% were obtained with CF3NO/ON(CF2)3COOH/C2F4 terpolymer vulcanizates. (Author)
Simplified Model of Spectral Separation Coefficient for GNSS Radio Frequency Compatibility Assessment (2010)

The spectral separation coefficient (SSC) is used as a major parameter for the assessment of GNSS radio frequency compatibility. As the computation load to calculate the SSC is extremely intensive, one way to simplify the SSC calculation is to replace the factor ”signal power spectral density” by ”code chip power spectral density”. However, this approach will introduce greater error in certain situation. This paper analyses the influence of the signal's power spectral density (PSD), length of spreading code, code chip rate and data rate of navigation signals on SSC. It suggests and proves a criterion that the simplified SSC calculation can be applied safely when signal's code length is greater than or equal to the ratio of code chip rate to data rate. The simplified calculation criterion proposed in this paper allows fast calculation of SSC so that compatibility amongst different GNSS signals can be assessed quickly and accurately without introducing notable calculation error.
Stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography, their characterization and implementation into multidimensional chromatography concepts (2008)

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is becoming increasingly popular for separation of polar samples on polar columns in aqueous-organic mobile phases rich in organic solvents (usually ACN). Silica gel with decreased surface concentration of silanol groups, or with chemically bonded amino-, amido-, cyano-, carbamate-, diol-, polyol-, or zwitterionic sulfobetaine ligands are used as the stationary phases for HILIC separations, in addition to the original poly(2-sulphoethyl aspartamide) strong cation-exchange HILIC material. The type of the stationary and the composition of the mobile phase play important roles in the mixed-mode HILIC retention mechanism and can be flexibly tuned to suit specific separation problems. Because of excellent mobile phase compatibility and complementary selectivity to RP chromatography, HILIC is ideally suited for highly orthogonal 2-D LC-LC separations of complex samples containing polar compounds, such as peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides, drugs, metabolites and natural compounds. This review attempts to present an overview of the HILIC separation systems, possibilities for their characterization and emerging HILIC applications in 2-D off-line and on-line LC-LC separations of various samples, in combination with RP and other separation modes.
Loss of <i>RAB25</i> expression in breast cancer (2006)

A novel breast cancer cell line (RAO-3) was established by transduction of the Q61L mutant RAS into human mammary epithelial cells that were immortalized with catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT). The cells displayed anchorage-independent growth and proliferation, and formed human mammary spindle cell carcinoma when injected into nude mice. Chromosome locus 1q22-23 was partially duplicated and inverted on one of the 3 chromosomes present in the cell line. We report here that mutations of chromosome 1q22-23 locus have resulted in the loss of RAB25 expression in the breast cancer cell line. Transduction of RAB25 into the breast cancer cell line arrests anchorage-independent growth. We have also demonstrated loss of RAB25 in human breast tumor tissue. These data suggest that loss of RAB25 might contribute to tumorigenesis of breast cancer, and RAB25 is likely to be an important factor in the development of breast cancer. RAB25 could be used as biological marker of breast cancer and provides a target for gene replacement therapy.
An improved subband acoustic echo canceller for teleconferencing applications (2002)

In this paper a novel subband acoustic echo canceller (AEC) is proposed. The proposed scheme consists in 8 non-overlapping main subbands and 8 auxiliary subbands. The auxiliary subbands are introduced in order to provide frequency coverage in the non-overlapping region between the neighboring main subbands. Central to computational efficiency of the proposed scheme is the decimation of the auxiliary bands. Simulation results provided show that the proposed subband AEC has faster convergence speed for tracking acoustic echo path as well as better dB reduction in the echo level in comparison to overlapping subband schemes.
Hybrid processing systems—An assessment (1977)

The potential of hybrid processing systems is reviewed. The specific systems discussed involve the combination of coherent optical, electrooptical, electronic, and digital subsystems. In particular, progress in diffraction-pattern analysis is reviewed when the diffraction pattern is produced optically, detected, and then operated on electronically. The second type of system is the optical processing system, in which the diffraction pattern is appropriately changed to produce a modified image of the original input. Input transducers, addressable filters, and detection and logic subsystems are key elements of these systems.
Restriction of a Bacteriophage in Streptomyces albus p(cmi 52766) by Endonuclease SalPI (1978)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
A Stereo Crosstalk Cancellation System Based on the Common-Acoustical Pole/Zero Model (2010)

Crosstalk cancellation plays an important role in displaying binaural signals with loudspeakers. It aims to reproduce binaural signals at a listener's ears via inverting acoustic transfer paths. The crosstalk cancellation filter should be updated in real time according to the head position. This demands high computational efficiency for a crosstalk cancellation algorithm. To reduce the computational cost, this paper proposes a stereo crosstalk cancellation system based on common-acoustical pole/zero (CAPZ) models. Because CAPZ models share one set of common poles and process their zeros individually, the computational complexity of crosstalk cancellation is cut down dramatically. In the proposed method, the acoustic transfer paths from loudspeakers to ears are approximated with CAPZ models, then the crosstalk cancellation filter is designed based on the CAPZ transfer functions. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to conventional methods, the proposed method can reduce computational cost with comparable crosstalk cancellation performance.
Photometric stereo with general, unknown lighting (2005)

Work on photometric stereo has shown how to recover the shape and reflectance properties of an object using multiple images taken with a fixed viewpoint and variable lighting conditions. This work has primarily relied on the presence of a single point source of light in each image. The authors show how to perform photometric stereo, assuming that all lights in a scene are isotropic and distant from the object but otherwise unconstrained. Lighting in each image may be an unknown and arbitrary combination of diffuse, point and extended sources. Our work is based on recent results showing that for Lambertian objects, general lighting conditions can be represented using low order spherical harmonics. Using this representation, we can recover shape by performing a simple optimization in a low-dimensional space. We also analyze the shape ambiguities that arise in such a representation.
A Distributed Consensus-Based Cooperative Spectrum-Sensing Scheme in Cognitive Radios (2009)

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, secondary users can cooperatively sense the spectrum to detect the presence of primary users. In this paper, we propose a fully distributed and scalable cooperative spectrum-sensing scheme based on recent advances in consensus algorithms. In the proposed scheme, the secondary users can maintain coordination based on only local information exchange without a centralized common receiver. Unlike most of the existing decision rules, such as the or-rule or the 1-out-of-N rule, we use the consensus of secondary users to make the final decision. Simulation results show that the proposed consensus scheme can have significant lower missing detection probabilities and false alarm probabilities in CR networks. It is also demonstrated that the proposed scheme not only has proven sensitivity in detecting the primary user's presence but also has robustness in choosing a desirable decision threshold.
Silicon Surface Roughening Mechanisms in Ammonia Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures (2000)

Silicon wafers were exposed to a cleaning sequence containing an HF etching step prior to an ammonia hydrogen peroxide mixture (APM) (or SC1) cleaning treatment. These wafers are subject to roughening according to at least three mechanisms. One roughening mechanism is due to the vapor from the APM mixture, while the other two are strongly related to metal contamination. At first, ammonia vapor from a hot APM solution will condense on the cold hydrophobic wafer surface and will etch the surface. Second, iron‐ion contamination (present as iron hydroxide aggregates in the APM), will catalyze the hydrogen peroxide decomposition. During immersion of the wafer, these iron‐ion aggregates can deposit on the silicon surface. Therefore, local hydrogen peroxide depletion is created, as these aggregates continue to catalyze its decomposition. This causes local etching of the silicon in typical rings having a depth of 2–5 nm, while a rim of 3–8 nm of a silicon oxide is deposited next to the ring. Finally, metals such as copper and nickel can plate on the silicon wafer in the HF step prior to the APM step. They act as the cathode in a galvanic cell while the silicon surrounding the copper (or nickel) nuclei is dissolving anodically. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Electron channeling contrast imaging studies of nonpolar nitrides using a scanning electron microscope (2013)

Threading dislocations, stacking faults, and associated partial dislocations significantly degrade the optical and electrical properties of materials such as non-polar III-nitride semiconductor thin films. Stacking faults are generally difficult to detect and quantify with existing characterization techniques. We demonstrate the use of electron channeling contrast imaging in the scanning electron microscope to non-destructively reveal basal plane stacking faults terminated by partial dislocations in m-plane GaN and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures grown on γ-LiAlO2 by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy.
Foundations of MEMS (2006)

For courses in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) taken by advanced undergraduate students, beginning graduate students, and professionals. Foundations of MEMS is an entry-level text designed to systematically teach the specifics of MEMS to an interdisciplinary audience. Liu discusses designs, materials, and fabrication issues related to the MEMS field by employing concepts from both the electrical and mechanical engineering domains and by incorporating evolving microfabrication technology all in a time-efficient and methodical manner. A wealth of examples and problems solidify students understanding of abstract concepts and provide ample opportunities for practicing critical thinking.
Ultrathin Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Nanosheet-Wrapped NiSe2 Octahedral Crystal for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance and Synergetic Electrocatalytic Water Splitting (2019)

Metal selenides, such as NiSe<sub>2</sub>, have exhibited great potentials as multifunctional materials for energy storage and conversation. However, the utilization of pure NiSe<sub>2</sub> as electrode materials is limited by its poor cycling stability, low electrical conductivity, and insufficient electrochemically active sites. To remedy these defects, herein, a novel NiSe<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> hybrid with strong interfacial interaction and electrical properties is fabricated, by wrapping NiSe<sub>2</sub> octahedral crystal with ultrathin Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene nanosheet. The NiSe<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> hybrid exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with a high specific capacitance of 531.2 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> for supercapacitor, low overpotential of 200 mV at 10 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, and small Tafel slope of 37.7 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, greater cycling stabilities for NiSe<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> hybrid in both supercapacitor and HER have also been achieved. These significant improvements compared with unmodified NiSe<sub>2</sub> should be owing to the strong interfacial interaction between NiSe<sub>2</sub> octahedral crystal and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene, which provides enhanced conductivity, fast charge transfer as well as abundant active sites, and highlight the promising potentials in combinations of MXene with metal selenides for multifunctional applications such as energy storage and conversion.
Using Artificial Neural Networks To Classify the Activity of Capsaicin and Its Analogues (1997)

Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained with parameters derived from different molecular structure representation methods, including topological indices, molecular connectivity, and novel physicochemical descriptors to model the structure--activity relationship of a large series of capsaicin analogues. The ANN QSAR model produced a high level of correlation between the experimental and predicted data. After optimization, using cross-validation and selective pruning techniques, the ANNs predicted the EC50 values of 101 capsaicin analogues, correctly classifying 34 of 41 inactive compounds and 58 of 60 active compounds. These results demonstrate the capability of ANNs for predicting the biological activity of drugs, when trained on an optimal set of input parameters derived from a combination of different molecular structure representations.
Photostabilizing activity of <i>N</i>‐acylated hindered amine (1985)

Abstract The influence of the acyl groups of N ‐acylated hindered amine on the photostabilization of polymers was discussed. The effects of the N ‐acyl derivatives of 4‐benzoyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine ( 6 ) in the photostabilization of polypropylene were compared. Although the stabilizing effects of all the N ‐acyl derivatives were lower than that of the N ‐oxyl derivative ( 7 ), N‐acryloyl ( 4 ) and N‐benzoyl ( 5 ) derivatives showed higher effects than that of parent NH 6 . To discuss the stabilizing mechanism of N ‐acylated hindered amine, the reaction of N ‐acylated hindered amine with model hydroperoxide ( tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide) was carried out at an elevated temperature (132°C). N ‐Acylated hindered amine decomposed tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide more rapidly than corresponding secondary hindered amine, and changed into the parent secondary amine.
Development of Photobase Generators Liberating Radicals as well as Bases and Their Application to Hardcoating Materials (2018)

Most of the photosensitive materials are based on photoradical and/or photocationic polymerization, because many photoradical and photoacid generators, monomers, and oligomers are commercially available. Although photosensitive materials based on base-catalyzed reactions have merit in preventing erosion of metallic substrates, Photobase generators (PBGs) generally have lower quantum yields when compared to photoradical initiators (PIs) and photoacid generators (PAGs). We report here novel PBGs based on a benzoin structure. This PBG can liberate radicals as well as bases with high efficiency by i-line irradiation, so that a homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid film can be formed. As a result, the hardcoating materials based on the organic-inorganic hybrid show high pencil-hardness (4H), transparency, and scratch resistance compared to coating materials using conventional PIs and PBGs.
A Telecom Baseband Circuit based on an Asynchronous Network-on-Chip (2007)

The FAUST chip integrates a baseband processing architecture in which communications between IPs are supported by an asynchronous network-on-chip (NoC). This distributed and modular structure facilitates physical implementation and power management. A 20-node NoC is implemented in 79.5mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 0.13mum 6M CMOS to address 100Mb/s telecom systems
Hair Cell Protection from Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity by Adenovirus-Mediated Overexpression of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (1999)

Aminoglycosides are commonly used antimicrobial drugs that often have ototoxic side effects. The ototoxicity often involves permanent loss of cochlear hair cells (HCs). Neurotrophic factors have been shown to protect a variety of tissues, including HCs, from toxic trauma. To determine if glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can protect cochlear HCs from trauma, we inoculated an adenoviral vector encoding the human GDNF gene into guinea pig cochleae via the round window membrane 4 days prior to injection of aminoglycosides. Control groups showed little or no negative influence of the viral inoculation on cochlear structure and function. In contrast, ears that were inoculated with the GDNF vector had better hearing and fewer missing HCs after exposure to the ototoxins, as compared with controls. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of gene therapy for cochlear application and suggest that virus-mediated overexpression of GDNF may be developed as a valuable prevention against trauma-induced HC death.
Fusion of multisensor multitemporal satellite data for land cover mapping (2006)

Efficient integration of remote sensing information with different temporal, spectral and spatial resolutions is important for accurate land cover mapping. A new temporal fusion classification (TFC) model is presented for land cover classification, based on statistical fusion of multitemporal satellite images. In the proposed model, the temporal dependence of multitemporal images is taken into account by estimating transition probabilities from the change pattern of a vegetation dynamics indicator (VDI). Extension of this model is applicable to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and integration of multisensor multitemporal satellite images, concerning both temporal attributes and reliability of multiple data sources. The feasibility of the new method is verified using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and ERS SAR satellite images, and experimental results show improved performance over conventional methods.
Recognition of Bacterial Surface Polysaccharides by Lectins of the Innate Immune System and Its Contribution to Defense against Infection: the Case of Pulmonary Pathogens (2007)

Many pathogenic bacterial species are classified into serological types, distinguished by their carbohydrate-rich surface antigens. These antigens are referred to as serotypic epitopes or glycoepitopes. Glycoepitopes are most commonly associated with capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or the O-antigen
A Review of User Interface Design for Interactive Machine Learning (2018)

Interactive Machine Learning (IML) seeks to complement human perception and intelligence by tightly integrating these strengths with the computational power and speed of computers. The interactive process is designed to involve input from the user but does not require the background knowledge or experience that might be necessary to work with more traditional machine learning techniques. Under the IML process, non-experts can apply their domain knowledge and insight over otherwise unwieldy datasets to find patterns of interest or develop complex data-driven applications. This process is co-adaptive in nature and relies on careful management of the interaction between human and machine. User interface design is fundamental to the success of this approach, yet there is a lack of consolidated principles on how such an interface should be implemented. This article presents a detailed review and characterisation of Interactive Machine Learning from an interactive systems perspective. We propose and describe a structural and behavioural model of a generalised IML system and identify solution principles for building effective interfaces for IML. Where possible, these emergent solution principles are contextualised by reference to the broader human-computer interaction literature. Finally, we identify strands of user interface research key to unlocking more efficient and productive non-expert interactive machine learning applications.