gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of the NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase from the xylose-fermenting yeast <i>Pichia stipitis</i> (1985)

Xylose reductase from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis was purified to electrophoretic and spectral homogeneity via ion-exchange, affinity and high-performance gel chromatography. The enzyme was active with various aldose substrates, such as DL-glyceraldehyde, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, D-galactose and D-glucose. Hence the xylose reductase of Pichia stipitis is an aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Unlike all aldose reductases characterized so far, the enzyme from this yeast was active with both NADPH and NADH as coenzyme. The activity with NADH was approx. 70% of that with NADPH for the various aldose substrates. NADP+ was a potent inhibitor of both the NADPH- and NADH-linked xylose reduction, whereas NAD+ showed strong inhibition only with the NADH-linked reaction. These results are discussed in the context of the possible use of Pichia stipitis and similar yeasts for the anaerobic conversion of xylose into ethanol.
Total Syntheses of (+)-Chloropuupehenone and (+)-Chloropuupehenol and Their Analogues and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities (2004)

Tetracyclic pyrans (+)-chloropuupehenone (1) and (+)-chloropuupehenol (5) and its C8-R-isomer (+)-3 were synthesized via a one-pot condensation of 1-chloro-2-lithio-3,5,6-tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)benzene (8) with (4aS,8aS)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,5,5,8a-tetramethylnaphthalene-1-carboxaldehyde (7). The major condensation product, (4aS,6aR,12bS)-2H-9,10-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-11-chloro-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12b-octahydro-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-benzo[a]xanthene (4), after desilylation provided tetracyclic pyran (+)-(4aS,6aR,12bS)-2H-11-chloro-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12b-octahydro-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-benzo[a]xanthene-9,10-diol (3). At a dosage of 42 mg/rat over 8 h, pyran diol 3 inhibited the intestinal absorption of cholesterol by 71% in rats. Tetracyclic pyran 4 was also converted to o-quinone 28, which inhibited cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and L1210 leukemic cell viability with IC(50) values of 31 and 2.4 microM, respectively. Diol (+)-5 inhibited CETP activity with an IC(50) value of 16 microM. The minor condensation product, (4aS,6aS,12bS)-2H-9,10-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-11-chloro-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12b-octahydro-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-benzo[a]xanthene (6), was transformed into (+)-5 and (+)-1. A stepwise stereoselective synthesis of (+)-1 was also developed utilizing an oxyselenylation ring-closure reaction. The synthetic sequence also produced four biologically active naturally occurring drimanic sesquiterpenes, (+)-drimane-8alpha,11-diol (34), (-)-drimenol (38), (+)-albicanol (39), and (-)-albicanal (31) as intermediates.
Towards a Ranking Model for Semantic Layers over Digital Archives (2017)

Archived collections of documents (like newspaper archives) serve as important information sources for historians, journalists, sociologists and other interested parties. Semantic Layers over such digital archives allow describing and publishing metadata and semantic information about the archived documents in a standard format (RDF), which in turn can be queried through a structured query language (e.g., SPARQL). This enables to run advanced queries by combining metadata of the documents (like publication date) and content-based semantic information (like entities mentioned in the documents). However, the results returned by structured queries can be numerous and also they all equally match the query. Thus, there is the need to rank these results in order to promote the most important ones. In this paper, we focus on this problem and propose a ranking model that considers and combines: i) the relativeness of documents to entities, ii) the timeliness of documents, and iii) the relations among the entities.
Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Protein in Yeast (1992)

To investigate the expression and the secretion of heterologous proteins in yeast, we constructed an yeast secretion vector and produced a human secretory protein, .alpha.-1-antitrypsin (.alpha.-1-AT), from yeast cells. The secretion vector pGAT8 was constructed by inserting the signal sequence of yeast acid phosphatase gene (PH05) into the .alpha.1-AT expression vector pGAT6 which contained .alpha.-1-AT cDNA fused to GAL10-CYC1 promotor. The .alpha.-1-AT was produced efficiently in the yeast cells transformed with plasmid pGAT8, which was onfirmed both by the .alpha.-1-AT activity assay and by the immunoblot method using .alpha.-1-AT antibody. We also showed the secretion of .alpha.-1-AT into the culture media and into the periplasmic space by immunoblot.
Utility of pulse nuclear magnetic resonance in studying protons in coals (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtility of pulse nuclear magnetic resonance in studying protons in coalsB. C. Gerstein, C. Chow, R. G. Pembleton, and R. C. WilsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 6, 565–570Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100521a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100521a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Relative stabilities of triple helices composed of combinations of DNA, RNA and 2'-<i>O</i>-methyl-RNA backbones: chimeric circular oligonucleotides as probes (1995)

Described is a systematic study of the effects of varied backbone structure on the stabilities of pyr.pur.pyr triple helices. The effects were measured using six circular 34 base oligonucleotides containing DNA (D), RNA (R) and/or 2'-O-methyl-RNA (M) residues designed to bind a complementary single-stranded purine target strand by triple helix formation. Eighteen different backbone combinations were studied at pH 5.5 and 7.0 by optical melting experiments and the results compared with the stabilities of the corresponding Watson-Crick duplexes. When the target purine strand is DNA, all circles form pH-dependent triple helical complexes which are considerably stronger than the duplexes alone. When RNA is the target, five of the nine complexes studied are of the pH-dependent triplex type and the other four complexes are not significantly stronger than the corresponding duplexes. The results are useful in the design of the highest affinity ligands for single- and double-stranded DNAs and RNAs and also point out novel ways to engender DNA- or RNA-selective binding.
In situ Mycotoxin Production by<i>Candida</i><i>albicans</i>in Women with Vaginitis (1995)

The virulence attributes of Candida albicans in cases of mucocutaneous disease have not been identified. Based on the recent finding that C. albicans is able to produce an immunosuppressive mycotoxin, gliotoxin, we analyzed vaginal samples of 3 women severely symptomatic for vaginal candidiasis and found that they contained significant levels of gliotoxin. Three control women who were not colonized with C. albicans showed no gliotoxin in vaginal samples. These findings raise the possibility that gliotoxin may play a role in the virulence of C. albicans.
Performance and design considerations for lithium excess layered oxide positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (2016)

The Li-excess layered oxide compound is one of the most promising positive electrode materials for next generation batteries exhibiting high capacities of >300 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> due to the unconventional participation of the oxygen anion redox in the charge compensation mechanism.
Transient analysis of dispersive VLSI interconnects terminated in nonlinear loads (1992)

An algorithm for computing the transient response of a coupled, dispersive multiconductor system terminated in nonlinear loads is presented. The characterization of the multiconductor system is based on full-wave analysis using the spectral domain approach, rather than the usual TEM approximation. To compute the transient response of such a system, a bilevel waveform relaxation method is used. Waveform relaxation is applied to compute a time-domain solution at the input and output interfaces. The waveforms are then transformed into the frequency domain to compute the updates induced by the multiconductor system and are transformed back to the time domain for the next set of relaxation at the interfaces. Techniques for convergence are discussed. Examples of ECL, CMOS, and GaAs circuits connected by coupled lines are given for illustration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled Aspiration and Positioning of Biological Cells in a Micropipette (2012)

Manipulating single cells with a micropipette is the oldest, yet still a widely used technique. This paper discusses the aspiration of a single cell into a micropipette and positioning the cell accurately to a target position inside the micropipette. Due to the small volume of a single cell (picoliter) and nonlinear dynamics involved, these tasks have high skill requirements and are labor intensive in manual operation that is solely based on trial and error and has high failure rates. We present automated techniques in this paper for achieving these tasks via computer vision microscopy and closed-loop motion control. Computer vision algorithms were developed to detect and track a single cell outside and inside a micropipette for automated single-cell aspiration. A closed-loop robust controller integrating the dynamics of cell motion was designed to accurately and efficiently position the cell to a target position inside the micropipette. The system achieved high success rates of 98% for cell detection and 97% for cell tracking (n = 100). The automated system also demonstrated its capability of aspirating a single cell into a micropipette within 2 s (versus 10 s by highly skilled operators) and accurately positioning the cell inside the micropipette within 8 s (versus 25 s by highly skilled operators).
Magnetic scan head for high-frequency recording (1967)

A stationary magnetic head scans the width of a record magnetically, enabling successive lines of video information to be recorded on a slowly moving tape. The head contains a large number of laminations. All except one of these are blocked from transducing action with the tape by currents through sweep windings. As the sweep currents are changed, every lamination becomes active in succession. For playback, such a head operates on a magnetic-modulator principle which is sensitive to flux rather than to its rate-of-change.
Improved fibre coupling to GaAs/AlGaAs rib waveguidesusing a regrowth-free mode ‘drive-down’ technique (1996)

An integrated optical mode expander is reported which reduces measured coupling losses between high-NA rib-loaded GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides and standard fibre to 3 dB at 1.3 µm wavelength. By adding a low refractive index buffer layer to an existing waveguide geometry, and laterally tapering a new etched rib of carefully selected depth, an adiabatic and reciprocal ‘drive-down’ transition to a large spot-size mode is achieved. The wet-etched device does not require semiconductor regrowth or submicrometre patterned features.
Secure authorization, access control and data integrity in Bluetooth (2003)

The Bluetooth standard has a provision for mutual authentication of connecting devices but not their actual users and allows access control during connection setup only. We propose a user authorization and pairing (UAP) application, that has the ability to perform authentication and authorization of users using role based model. The pairing procedure, which exchanges link key between devices, is also performed as a part of the user authorization process. The integrity of the message is guaranteed by using message authentication codes. We also extend an attack on a short PIN during the pairing procedure for devices compliant with the Bluetooth specification version 1.1.
Differential Functions of Members of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Family Suggested by Their Distinct Endocytosis Rates (2001)

The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family is composed of a class of cell surface endocytic receptors that recognize extracellular ligands and internalize them for degradation by lysosomes. In addition to LDLR, mammalian members of this family include the LDLR-related protein (LRP), the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), the apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (apoER2), and megalin. Herein we have analyzed the endocytic functions of the cytoplasmic tails of these receptors using LRP minireceptors, its chimeric receptor constructs, and full-length VLDLR and apoER2 stably expressed in LRP-null Chinese hamster ovary cells. We find that the initial endocytosis rates mediated by different cytoplasmic tails are significantly different, with half-times of ligand internalization ranging from less than 30 s to more than 8 min. The tail of LRP mediates the highest rate of endocytosis, whereas those of the VLDLR and apoER2 exhibit least endocytosis function. Compared with the tail of LRP, the tails of the LDLR and megalin display significantly lower levels of endocytosis rates. Ligand degradation analyses strongly support differential endocytosis rates initiated by these receptors. Interestingly apoER2, which has recently been shown to mediate intracellular signal transduction, exhibited the lowest level of ligand degradation efficiency. These results thus suggest that the endocytic functions of members of the LDLR family are distinct and that certain receptors in this family may play their main roles in areas other than receptor-mediated endocytosis.
New Approaches to Display of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Data (2009)

These new approaches complement other popular graphical displays by conveying information efficiently and effectively to the physician, other health care providers, the patient, and family caregivers in a new and novel, concise, standardized yet flexible format.
Oceanographic variability in shallow-water acoustics and the dual role of the sea bottom (1993)

Acoustic propagation in shallow water is examined. Multipath propagation and extensive boundary interactions, which along with a host of other phenomena produce a highly variable and often unpredictable acoustic field, are discussed. The responsible mechanisms, and hence the acoustic effects, cover a wide range of temporal and spatial scales and are classified as either deterministic or random, although the two types often act in concert. Because of extensive interactions with the sound field, the bottom can severely degrade waterborne propagation, although the sea bottom (and subbottom) can provide a seismic path that not only is relatively stable, but exists even under environmental conditions that preclude an effective waterborne path. Propagation in the bottom is particularly significant at very low frequencies. These various aspects of shallow-water acoustics are illustrated using the results of experiments conducted in diverse geographic areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SlbZIP38, a Tomato bZIP Family Gene Downregulated by Abscisic Acid, Is a Negative Regulator of Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance (2017)

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have crucial roles in plant stress responses. In this study, the bZIP family gene <i>SlbZIP38</i> (GenBank accession No: XM004239373) was isolated from a tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> cv. Ailsa Craig) mature leaf cDNA library. The DNA sequence of <i>SlbZIP38</i> encodes a protein of 484 amino acids, including a highly conserved bZIP DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal region. We found that <i>SlbZIP38</i> was differentially expressed in various organs of the tomato plant and was downregulated by drought, salt stress, and abscisic acid (ABA). However, overexpression of <i>SlbZIP38</i> significantly decreased drought and salt stress tolerance in tomatoes (Ailsa Craig). The findings that <i>SlbZIP38</i> overexpression reduced the chlorophyll and free proline content in leaves but increased the malondialdehyde content may explain the reduced drought and salt tolerance observed in these lines. These results suggest that <i>SlbZIP38</i> is a negative regulator of drought and salt resistance that acts by modulating ABA signaling.
Protein processing map of poliovirus (1984)

Five previously unmapped proteins (5a, 7d, 8, 9b, and 10) were located on the proteolytic processing map of the polyprotein. One of the proteins, 9b, appears to be the sister fragment of a cleavage reaction (P3-9 leads to P3-9b + VPg). Two of the other newly mapped proteins, 8 and 10, have been identified as sister fragments of X-related proteins 3b and 5b; thus, P2-3b leads to P2-8 + P2-5b and P2-5b leads to P2-10 + P2-X. The remaining proteins, 5a and 7d, mapped in the 1b protein and appear to result from the cleavages P3-1b leads to P3-5a + P3-6b and P3-4b leads to P3-7d + P3-6b. These assignments account for over 95% of the total polioviral proteins and complete the mapping of the major processing pathways.
Role of 5‐HT<sub>2A</sub>, 5‐HT<sub>4</sub>and 5‐HT<sub>7</sub>receptors in the antigen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea‐pigs (2009)

Our results suggested that 5-HT was involved in the development of AI-AHR to ACh in guinea-pigs. Specifically, 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(7) receptors seem to be particularly involved in this phenomenon. Participation of 5-HT might probably be favoured by the enhancement of the PNECs 5-HT content observed after sensitization.
Theoretical and Experimental Bases for the Dual-Water Model for Interpretation of Shaly Sands (1984)

Abstract A simple petrophysical model proposed by Waxman and Smits (WS)1 in 1968 and Waxman and Thomas (WT)2 in 1972 accounts for the results of an extensive experimental study on the effects of clays on the resistivity of shaly sands. This model has been well accepted by the industry despite a few inconsistencies with experimental results. It is proposed that these inconsistencies resulted from the unaccounted presence of salt-free water at the clay/water interface. Electrochemistry indicates that this water should exist, but is there enough to influence the results? Both a theoretical study and reinterpretation of Waxman-Smits-Thomas data show that there is. The corresponding new model starts from the Waxman and Smits concept of supplementing the water conductivity with a conductivity from the clay counterions. The crucial step, however, is equating each of these conductivity terms to a particular type of water, each occupying a representative volume of the total porosity. This approach has been named the "dual-water" (DW) model because of these two water types—the conductivity and volume fraction of each being predicted by the model. The DW model has been tested on most of the core data reported in Refs. 1 and 2. The DW concept is also supported by log data3 and has been successfully applied to the interpretation of thousands of wells. However, the scope of this paper remains limited to the theoretical and experimental bases of the DW model.
<i>N</i> -Acetylglucosamine Deacetylases Modulate the Anchoring of the Gamma-Glutamyl Capsule to the Cell Wall of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2014)

Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host.
Fabrication of Free-Standing Single-Crystal Silicon Nanostructures for the Study of Thermal Transport and Defect Scattering in Low Dimensional Systems (1990)

Free-standing wire samples have been fabricated that enable low dimensional conducting wires to be examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These structures have been fabricated using a combination of gas-assisted ion beam etching and electron beam lithography, and have cross-sectional dimensions between 70 nm and 1 µm, and lengths of up to 50 µm. The free-standing wires have been examined by TEM before and after ion implantation and annealing. The results indicate that no extended defects are created in the wires, even for high doses (10 16 cm -3 ) or high beam energies (>50 keV). The reason for this is not fully understood. In addition, the fabrication process has been extended so that low temperature electrical measurements can be performed on the TEM samples. In this way it is hoped eventually to study the role of specific crystalline defects in limiting the electronic and phonon transport.
Technique for reducing effects of pulse crowding in magnetic recording (1972)

The introduction of redundant magnetic transition pairs in data cells, normally encoded with absent transitions, counteracts the effects of pulse crowding. Such pulse crowding is generally encountered in conventional saturation type magnetic recording. The resulting restored waveform is in fair agreement with the synthesized waveform based upon pulse superposition. The technique may be applied to most commonly used recording schemes, thereby realizing increased bit density or greater head-to-medium separation.
Studies in the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives : Part I : Synthesis of Bromoquinolines (1969)

Bromination of acetoacetanilide gave \(\omega\)-bromo-acetoacetanilide, the structure of which was proved by NMR spectra and also by its cyclisation to 4-bromomethyl-carbostyril which was different from 4-methyl-3-bromo-carbostyril. Several substituted acetoacetarylamides were brominated to \(\omega\)-bromo derivative which underwent cyclisation to 4-bromomethylcarbostyril derivatives. 3-Bromo-4-methyl-carbostyril derivatives and 3-bromo-4-bromomethylcarbostyril were also prepared.