gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Selective Catalytic Dehydration of 2-Alcohols; a New Synthesis of 1-Olefins</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Catalytic Dehydration of 2-Alcohols; a New Synthesis of 1-OlefinsAllan J. Lundeen and Robert. Van HoozerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 14, 2180–2181Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00897a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00897a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probeless non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopic bioprocess monitoring using microspectrometer technology (2019)

Real-time measurements and adjustments of critical process parameters are essential for the precise control of fermentation processes and thus for increasing both quality and yield of the desired product. However, the measurement of some crucial process parameters such as biomass, product, and product precursor concentrations usually requires time-consuming offline laboratory analysis. In this work, we demonstrate the in-line monitoring of biomass, penicillin (PEN), and phenoxyacetic acid (POX) in a Penicilliumchrysogenum fed-batch fermentation process using low-cost microspectrometer technology operating in the near-infrared (NIR). In particular, NIR reflection spectra were taken directly through the glass wall of the bioreactor, which eliminates the need for an expensive NIR immersion probe. Furthermore, the risk of contaminations in the reactor is significantly reduced, as no direct contact with the investigated medium is required. NIR spectra were acquired using two sensor modules covering the spectral ranges 1350-1650 nm and 1550-1950 nm. Based on offline reference analytics, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were established for biomass, PEN, and POX either using data from both sensors separately or jointly. The established PLS models were tested on an independent validation fed-batch experiment. Root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 1.61 g/L, 1.66 g/L, and 0.67 g/L for biomass, PEN, and POX, respectively, which can be considered an acceptable accuracy comparable with previously published results using standard process spectrometers with immersion probes. Altogether, the presented results underpin the potential of low-cost microspectrometer technology in real-time bioprocess monitoring applications. Graphical abstract.
Solvent Effect on Organogel Formation by Low Molecular Weight Molecules (2006)

Solvent−gelator interactions play a key role in mediating organogel formation and ultimately determine the properties of the gel. The effect of solvent on organogel formation was investigated in selected ester, ketone, and alcoholic solvents using unique symmetrical trehalose diesters as gelators. In solvents of the same class the gelation number (defined as the ratio of solvent molecules that gel per gelator molecule) decreased for trehalose 6,6'-diacetate and 6,6'-dibutyrate as the solvent Hildebrand solubility parameter increased. The opposite was observed for trehalose 6,6'-didecanoate and 6,6'-dimyristate. In general, the gelation numbers for all the gelators studied decreased in the order of esters > ketones > alcohols. Alcohols, which are capable of hydrogen bonding and can make substantial contribution to the total solvent−gelator interaction, significantly compromise gel formation. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that for systems with high gelation numbers, such as trehalose 6,6'-diacetate and 6,6'-dibutyrate in ethyl acetate and trehalose 6,6'-didecanoate and 6,6'-dimyristate in acetonitrile, thin, flexible, and highly entangled nanofibers were formed. Conversely, thick, rigid, and often highly clustered fibers accompanied systems with poor gelation, such as gels formed from trehalose 6,6'-diacetate and 6,6'-dibutyrate in acetonitrile. Understanding the role of solvent in organogel formation is crucial in designing gels with desired structure and physicochemical properties. Such designed gels may provide controlled gelation by fine-tuning the solvent or the chemical environment of the gelator.
Hypertonic saline releases the attached small intestinal cystic fibrosis mucus (2014)

Hypertonic saline inhalation has become a cornerstone in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), but its effect on CF mucus is still not understood. In CF, mucus stagnates in the airways, causing mucus plugging, and forming a substrate for bacterial invasion. Using horizontal Ussing-type chambers to allow easy access to the tissue, we have recently shown that the small intestinal mucus of CF mice is attached to the epithelium and not freely movable as opposed to normal mucus, thus pointing to a similarity between the CF mucus in the ileum and airways. In the same type of system, we investigated how hypertonic saline affects mucus thickness, attachment and penetrability to fluorescent beads the size of bacteria in ileal explants from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutant (ΔF508) mouse, in order to characterize how this common therapy affects mucus properties. Hypertonic saline (1.75-5%) detached the mucus from the epithelium, but the mucus remained impenetrable to beads the size of bacteria. This approach might be used to test other mucolytic interventions in CF.
Refractive Keratoplasty (1984)

We performed 11 keratophakia procedures in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus) model using the same instruments and techniques that are presently clinically employed. We requested 10 diopters of correction in nine cases and 14 D in two cases. We were able to achieve a mean (+/- SD) keratometric steepening correction of 5.8 +/- 1.5 D using fresh and 9.3 +/- 5.0 D using prefrozen donor corneas. The overall change was 8.0 +/- 4.3 D. Morphologic results and corneal clarity were consistent with the excellent clinical results. The keratophakia lenticles were sparsely repopulated with keratocytes up to six months following surgery, but at 12 months, partial keratocyte repopulation of one lenticle did occur. We recommend that the baboon model be used for evaluation of all lamellar refractive surgical procedures.
Stratified volume holographic optical elements (1986)

Volume holographic optical elements are of considerable interest for applications in optical information processing and computing systems and in optical interconnect technology. Typical volume holographic optical elements are fabricated from bulk photosensitive materials, such that the holographic recording process occurs throughout the entire volume. We have investigated an alternative approach to the fabrication of such elements by employing a number of thin photosensitive layers interleaved among much thicker optically inactive buffer layers. As few as five thin but spatially separated active layers can exhibit essentially the same Bragg selectivity as a single distributed volume hologram. Performance characteristics of stratified volume holographic optical elements have been studied by the anisotropic optical beam propagation method, 1 including angular alignment sensitivity, buffer layer thickness sensitivity, crosstalk, and diffraction efficiency as a function of the number of active layers and relative layer thicknesses. Such a concept may allow highly photosensitive and very fast response time materials such as multiple quantum well (MQW) structures in III–V or II–VI compound semiconductors to be used in fabricating volume holographic optical elements, even though such materials are very difficult to grow in layer thicknesses sufficient to individually exhibit the requisite thick holographic characteristics. In addition, novel and intriguing device designs can be envisioned in MQW structures by utilizing applied electric fields to tune the device absorption and phase modulation resonances.
Molecular Recognition of Insulin by a Synthetic Receptor (2011)

The discovery of molecules that bind tightly and selectively to desired proteins continues to drive innovation at the interface of chemistry and biology. This paper describes the binding of human insulin by the synthetic receptor cucurbit[7]uril (Q7) in vitro. Isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments show that Q7 binds to insulin with an equilibrium association constant of 1.5 × 10(6) M(-1) and with 50-100-fold selectivity versus proteins that are much larger but lack an N-terminal aromatic residue, and with >1000-fold selectivity versus an insulin variant lacking the N-terminal phenylalanine (Phe) residue. The crystal structure of the Q7·insulin complex shows that binding occurs at the N-terminal Phe residue and that the N-terminus unfolds to enable binding. These findings suggest that site-selective recognition is based on the properties inherent to a protein terminus, including the unique chemical epitope presented by the terminal residue and the greater freedom of the terminus to unfold, like the end of a ball of string, to accommodate binding. Insulin recognition was predicted accurately from studies on short peptides and exemplifies an approach to protein recognition by targeting the terminus.
Phase II Study of Temozolomide Plus Thalidomide for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma (2003)

The combination of temozolomide plus thalidomide seems to be a promising and well-tolerated oral regimen for metastatic melanoma that merits further study.
Formation of Studtite during the Oxidative Dissolution of UO<sub>2</sub> by Hydrogen Peroxide:  A SFM Study (2004)

Understanding the formation of alteration phases on the surface of spent nuclear fuel, such as those observed during leaching experiments, is necessary in order to predict the concentration of radionuclides in the near-field of a final repository. Hydrogen peroxide has been identified as one of the oxidants formed by the radiolysis of water in the presence of spent nuclear fuel; especially due to alpha activity. The presence of this species in solution can contribute to the formation of uranium peroxide secondary phases. In this work, we have studied the oxidative dissolution of synthetic UO2 disks in hydrogen peroxide solutions of two different concentrations (5 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3)), both at pH 5.8 +/- 0.1. The solid surface evolution of the disks has been followed by means of ex-situ scanning force microscope (SFM) measurements, and uranium concentration in solution has been determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During the first stage of the experiment, SFM images indicate that only UO2 dissolution is occurring. After 142 h, a secondary phase is observed on the surface of the solid at 5 x 10(-4) mol dm(-3) hydrogen peroxide concentration. This secondary phase has been identified by X-ray diffraction as studtite (UO4 x 4H2O). From the analysis of SFM topographic profiles at different elapsed times, a precipitation rate for the studtite has been estimated to be in the range of (8-32) x 10(-10) mol m(-2) s(-1).
Osmolarity and growth phase overlap in regulation of Salmonella typhi adherence to and invasion of human intestinal cells (1993)

The study of the effects of osmolarity and growth phase on Salmonella typhi adherence to and invasion of Henle 407 epithelial cells provides the first evidence of a clear overlap between these two environmental stimuli. High-osmolarity conditions are required in the late-log phase for optimum induction of the adherent and invasive phenotypes.
In situ hydrogenation (1989)

The results of an experimental study to assess the potential of in situ hydrogenation as a method for production of heavy oils are summarized in this report. This project was designed to determine whether improvements in chemical and physical properties of oils produced by treatment of heavy oils at conditions proposed for in situ hydrogenation result from hydrogen incorporation or are primarily a consequence of thermal alteration. An experimental program was conducted in which parallel experiments were carried our under both hydrogen and nitrogen at conditions which might be expected in a reservoir under in situ hydrogenation conditions. Four different heavy oils were used as substrates: Cat Canyon crude from Santa Barbara County, California, a heavy tar from South Texas (Saner Ranch), and two Alaskan North Slope heavy oils. Reactions were carried out over simulated reservoir sands, in the presence of either water or brines representative of those in the reservoir, at temperatures ranging from 550{degree} F to 750{degree} F. Some experiments were also carried out to test the potential of catalysis of in situ hydrogenation. 29 refs., 1 fig., 15 tabs.
Endocytosis and vacuolar morphology inSaccharomyces cerevisiae are altered in response to ethanol stress or heat shock (1999)

The vital lipophilic dye N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-[6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl]hexatrie nyl ) pyridinium dibromide (FM 4-64) was used to study the effect of ethanol stress and heat shock on endocytosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells stained with FM 4-64 were placed in a culture chamber and the internalization of the dye was monitored by fluorescence microscopy during perfusion of the cells with fresh growth medium. In the absence of ethanol in the perfusion medium, the internalization of FM 4-64 from the plasma membrane to the vacuolar membrane by yeast cells harvested from the exponential phase of growth was completed in 30 min. The presence of 6% (v/v) ethanol in the perfusion medium had no obvious effect on the internalization of FM 4-64 from the plasma membrane, but did lead to an accumulation of the dye in endocytic intermediates. Consequently, vacuolar membrane staining was delayed. Cells stained with FM 4-64 and subjected to heat shock displayed a similar effect, with endocytic intermediates becoming more prominent with the severity of the heat shock. For both ethanol stress and heat shock, vacuolar morphology altered from segregated structures to a single, large organelle. The findings of this study reinforce previous observations that ethanol stress and heat shock induce similar responses in yeast.
Borehole seismic studies of a volcanic succession from the Lopra-1/1A borehole in the Faroe Islands, northern North Atlantic (2006)

Extruded basalt flows overlying sedimentary sequences present a challenge to hydrocarbon exploration using reflection seismic techniques. The Lopra-1/1A re-entry well on the Faroese island of Suðuroy allowed us to study the seismic characteristics of a thick sequence of basalt flows from well logs and borehole seismic recordings. Data acquired during the deepening operation in 1996 are presented here. The re-entry well found that the seismic event at 2340 m, prognosed from the pre-drill Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) as a decrease in impedance, was not base basalt and the deepened well remained within the lower series basalts. Nonetheless, compressional and shear sonic logs and a density log were recorded over the full open hole interval. These allowed a firm tie to be made with the reflected wavefield from a new VSP. The sonic logs show a compressional to shear wavespeed ratio of 1.84 which is almost constant with depth. Sonic compressional wavespeeds are 3% higher than seismic velocities, suggesting dispersion in the basalt flows. Azimuthal anisotropy was weakly indicated by the shear sonic log but its orientation is consistent with the directions of mapped master joints in the vicinity of the well. The VSP downgoing compressional wavelet shows good persistence, retaining a dominant period of 28 ms at 3510 m depth. Average vertical velocity is 5248 m/s, higher than previously reported. Attenuation can largely be modelled by geometrical spreading and scattering loss, consistent with other studies. Within the piled flows, the effective Q from scattering is about 35. Elastic layered medium modelling shows some hope that a mode-converted shear wave may be observed at moderate offsets. Like its predecessor, the 1996 VSP indicates a decrease in impedance below the final depth of the well. However, it is unlikely to be basement or sediment and is probably an event within the volcanic sequence.
Sensors Based On Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications: A Review (2010)

Sensors play a significant role in everyday life. Nowadays, there has been a strong demand for highly selective, sensitive, responsive, stable and cost effective sensors. As a result, research emphasis is on developing new sensing materials and technologies. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many distinct properties that may be exploited to develop next generation of sensors. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique combination of excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties even in its small dimension nature, which has generated increasing interest in the application of CNTs as sensors. The main thrust of this review is to highlight the present and future research and development work in the area of CNT based sensors. Different types of sensors such as biosensors, chemical sensors, mass sensors, temperature sensors, strain sensors and pressure sensors based on CNTs are also discussed in detail. This manuscript concludes with an outline of the advantages of these CNT based sensors for real-world applications. This review aims to act as a reference source for researchers to help them in developing new applications of sensors based on CNTs.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW 4,5-DIHYDROISOXAZOLES WITH POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY (2003)

This paper reports the synthesis of different 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles which may present anti-inflammatory activity. The methodology employed was based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxide derived from vanillin to unsaturated compounds. It was used trichloroisocyanuric acid as a suitable reagent to convert the aldoximes to imidoyl chlorides. The products were obtained with yields between 40 and 90% and were fully characterized using FTIR, GC/MS, and 13 C NMR.
A STUDY OF 118 READMISSIONS TO OAKHURST SANATORIUM OF GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON (1935)

Article1 August 1935A STUDY OF 118 READMISSIONS TO OAKHURST SANATORIUM OF GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTONHOWARD L. HULL, M.D., F.A.C.P.HOWARD L. HULL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-2-134 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEvery tuberculosis sanatorium, especially if it is tax supported, has its more or less large quota of readmissions, and yet one does not often see in medical literature studies of such statistics with efforts to account for relapses or other conditions requiring readmission. A careful consideration of such data by the staff of each sanatorium should yield valuable information and in time might help to correct some of the inherent difficulties.The present statistics relate to Oakhurst Sanatorium at Elma, Grays Harbor County in the State of Washington. The institution is owned and maintained by the county which has an... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yakima, Washington*Received for publication November 15, 1934.†Formerly Medical Director of Oakhurst Sanatorium. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1935Volume 9, Issue 2Page: 134-142KeywordsTaxes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1935 PDF downloadLoading ...
Single-layer substrate integrated waveguide directional couplers (2006)

Novel single-layer planar directional couplers based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology are presented. These proposed couplers are totally realised in single-layer dielectric substrate with metallicvias, and fabricated using a standard PCB process. Prototypes of −3 dB, −6 dB and −10 dB SIW directional couplers are designed, fabricated and measured. It is concluded from the simulated and measured results that these couplers show good performances with broad operation bandwidth, low insertion loss, low return loss and high isolation etc. The characteristics of compact size and planar form make such SIW directional couplers can be easily integrated in microwave and millimetre-wave planar circuits.
Polymer‐Metal Composite Thin Films on Electrodes (1980)

The electrocatalytic activity of thin, metal‐containing polymer films was studied. The films were prepared on glassy carbon electrodes in a glow‐discharge which was established in mixtures of acrylonitrile and metal acetylacetonate vapors at 300°C. The produced films were electronically conductive and solution permeable. It is proposed that electrochemical reactions can proceed not only on the surface but also inside these films at the active sites formed by the incorporated metal. The cathodic dioxygen reduction in acidic and alkaline electrolytes was used as a test reaction for the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the electrodes.
Implementation of FIR Filter using Distributed Arithmetic Method (2015)

The prime objective of this project is to implement FIR filter using Distributed Arithmetic method. In order to perform the filter computation, it is a prime requirement to process real world signals and extract information from them. Hence ADC interfacing is essential since it converts analog world to digital domain so as to make it suitable for digital operations. The FIR Filter is simulated using Distributed Arithmetic method and is simulated in XILINX ISE Design Suite 14.2 and ADC is interfaced with Spartan 3e FPGA board. Afterwards, digital output is converted into its analog counterpart via DAC interfacing with the same Spartan 3e board