gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Framework for Classification of Malwares (2014)

Malware is one of the most terrible and major security threats facing the Internet today. It is evolving, becoming more sophisticated and using new ways to target computers and mobile devices. The traditional defences like antivirus softwares typically rely on signature based methods and are unable to detect previously unseen malwares. Machine learning approaches have been adopted to classify malwares based on the features extracted using static or dynamic analysis. Both type of malware analysis have their pros and cons. In this paper, we propose a classification framework which uses integration of both static and dynamic features for distinguishing malwares from clean files. A real world corpus of recent malwares is used to validate the proposed approach. The experimental results, based on a dataset of 998 malwares and 428 cleanware files provide an accuracy of 99.58% indicating that the hybrid approach enhances the accuracy rate of malware detection and classification over the results obtained when these features are considered separately.
Expression and Rapid Purification of an Aedes aegypti Salivary Allergen by a Baculovirus System (1998)

Mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. Recombinant salivary allergens will facilitate both the diagnosis and immunotherapy of mosquito allergy. The Aed a 1, a 68-kD apyrase in the saliva of Aedes aegypti, has been demonstrated to be an allergen which binds to the IgE of mosquito-allergic subjects. The baculovirus expression vector pBlueBacHis C equipped with an N-terminal histidine tag was used to express the Aed a 1 protein. The cDNA coding for the 3' significant portion of Aed a 1 (Aed a 1 3') (150-562 amino acid residues) was cloned into pBlueBacHis C. The rAed a 1 3' protein expressed by recombinant baculovirus was verified by immunoblot using anti-Aed a 1 and anti-histidine antibodies, respectively. The histidine-tagged fusion protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from infected Sf9 cells by Ni2+ resin affinity chromatography. Both immunoblot and ELISA showed that the purified rAed a 1 3' binds to the IgE and IgG in mosquito allergic sera, indicating that the antigenicity of the rAed a 1 3' is identical to the native Aed a 1 of Aedes aegypti saliva.
Formation Mechanism of Nanostructures on the Stainless Steel Surface by Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2012)

In this paper, we report on the formation of a variety of micro/nano-metric structures on the stainless steel surfaces by single-beam direct femtosecond laser writing. Periodic microgratings of different line widths and period are fabricated on the sample surfaces. Random nanostructures are observed inside the microgratings, when laser pulses with low laser energies are applied on the samples. Unlike random nanostructures, periodic nanostructures are produced inside the microgratings, when laser pulses with high average pulse energy are applied. Besides, self-organized nanogratings, with variable periods, are formed all over the micro-machined area on the stainless steel surfaces due to the overlap of the microgratings, where the orientation of the nanogratings is parallel to the incident light polarization. Finally, we illustrate the formation mechanism of various kinds of nanostructures, produced on the stainless steel surfaces during our experiment.
Die Plasmabehandlung der Hepatitis und hepatitischer Folgezustände (1957)

Die Ansichten über den Wert der verschiedenen therapeutischen Maßnahmen bei Leberentzündungen waren in den vergangenen Jahren starken Schwankungen unterworfen. Die experimentellen Befunde, die theoretischen Erwägungen und der Tierversuch brachten viele Ergebnisse, die aber nicht immer mit den Erfahrungen der Praxis parallel gingen.
The gastrointestinal electrical mapping suite (GEMS): software for analyzing and visualizing high-resolution (multi-electrode) recordings in spatiotemporal detail (2012)

This software allows for the rapid analysis and generation of critical results from gastrointestinal high-resolution electrical mapping data, including quantitative analysis and graphical outputs for qualitative analysis. The software is designed to be used by non-experts in data and signal processing, and is intended to be used by clinical researchers as well as physiologists and bioengineers. The use and distribution of this software package will greatly accelerate efforts to improve the understanding of the causes and clinical consequences of gastrointestinal electrical disorders, through high-resolution electrical mapping.
Maskless and targeted creation of arrays of colour centres in diamond using focused ion beam technology (2013)

The creation of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centres in diamond is nowadays well controlled using nitrogen implantation and annealing. Although the high‐resolution placement of NV centres has been demonstrated using either collimation through pierced tips of an atomic force microscope (AFM) or masks with apertures made by electron beam lithography, a targeted implantation into pre‐defined structures in diamond may not be achieved using these techniques. We show that a beam of nitrogen ions can be focused to approximately 100 nm using focused ion beam (FIB) technology. The nitrogen ion beam is produced using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source. Combined with a scanning electron microscope, the nitrogen‐FIB offers new possibilities for the targeted creation of single defects in diamond. This maskless technology is suitable for example for the creation of optical centres in the cavities of photonic crystals or in diamond tips for scanning magnetometry.
Highly anisotropic thermal conductivity of discotic nematic liquid crystalline films with homeotropic alignment (2017)

Discotic nematic liquid crystal (DNLC) films are prepared by thermal treatment and a photo-crosslinking reaction inside sandwiched glass plates. The DNLC films exhibit outstanding in-plane thermal conductivity which is much larger than cross-plane thermal conductivity. The homeotropic alignment and higher crosslinking density of DNLCs in the films further increase the thermal conductivity anisotropy.
Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2004)

Data from this study support the hypothesis that tea tree oil and components exert their antifungal actions by altering membrane properties and compromising membrane-associated functions.
Efficient storage of virtual machine images (2012)

Allowing users to build custom virtual machines as execution environments for their tasks provides flexibility for users and providers of Infrastructure-as-a-Service Clouds or virtualized Grid computing environments. On the downside of this flexibility are the increasing storage requirements for virtual machines. This problem is further exacerbated if version histories of virtual machines are kept to facilitate reproducibility of scientific results. Additionally, the simplicity of virtual machine creation provided by corresponding tools invites users to create multiple virtual machines for different purposes, further increasing their numbers. However, the traditional way of storing virtual machines as image files does not scale well with an increasing number of virtual machines. Several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem, each with its own drawbacks. In this paper, the Marvin Image Store (MIS) is presented to efficiently store a large number of Linux virtual machine images including their version history, independent of the distribution and the type of file system. The MIS minimizes the space required to retain images by importing them into its repository using a file based deduplication technique. Layered virtual machine images are used to reduce the time to import (updated) images and to reassemble them from the compositional manifests stored in the MIS. Furthermore, the possibility to directly mount stored images can skip the reassembly process completely. Experimental results indicate that the storage requirements can be reduced by up to 94% compared to the original images. The import of layered virtual machine images is up to 78% faster than the import of regular virtual machine images, and the export is up to 84% faster.
Serotyping scheme for Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis (1998)

Serotypes 5 and 8 accounted for only 41% of S aureus isolates from US milk samples, but accounted for 70% of isolates from European milk samples. Addition of the newly developed serotyping antiserum 336 to the typing scheme accounted for 100% of US samples and 98% of European samples and will enable development of a more comprehensive S aureus vaccine.
Assessment of local atrial repolarization in a porcine acetylcholine model of atrial flutter and fibrillation (2009)

ACh facilitated the induction of Afl more than AF in this experimental model. MAPs recorded from high atrial regions revealed discordant repolarization during Afl or AF, whereas low atrial MAPs maintained their baseline regular morphology. These findings may help expand knowledge about mechanisms underlying instability and perpetuation of these arrhythmias.
Adenosine produces pulmonary vasoconstriction in sheep. Evidence for thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide-receptor activation. (1989)

Adenosine, an intermediate product in the metabolism of ATP, is thought to produce vasodilation in all vascular beds with the exception of the kidney. Due to its theoretical potential as a pulmonary vasodilator, we studied the hemodynamic effects of adenosine in the pulmonary vasculature of chronically instrumented awake sheep. Adenosine produced significant pulmonary vasoconstriction instead of the expected vasodilatation. Bolus injections of adenosine into the superior vena cava produced a dose-dependent increase in pulmonary artery pressure that was entirely due to an increase in vascular resistance, since cardiac output decreased slightly. This effect is produced via activation of specific cell surface adenosine receptors, since it was blocked by the adenosine-receptor antagonists theophylline and dipropylsulfophenylxanthine. The cell type involved in adenosine-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction appears to be located within the lung, since vasoconstriction was blunted when adenosine was infused into the left atrium, distal to the lung. However, adenosine does not directly vasoconstrict the pulmonary vasculature, because its effect could be completely abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibition with either indomethacin or ibuprofen and by a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide-receptor antagonist (SQ 29,548). Adenosine-induced vasoconstriction was also greatly reduced after inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Thus, adenosine produced pulmonary vasoconstriction through generation of a thromboxane/endoperoxide product. Whether endogenous adenosine is involved in the generation of pulmonary vasoconstriction seen in pathophysiological states remains to be determined. To our knowledge, this is the first clear evidence for adenosine-induced vasoconstriction outside the kidney and for an interaction between adenosine and eicosanoid mechanisms.
Complexity and real computation (1998)

1 Introduction.- 2 Definitions and First Properties of Computation.- 3 Computation over a Ring.- 4 Decision Problems and Complexity over a Ring.- 5 The Class NP and NP-Complete Problems.- 6 Integer Machines.- 7 Algebraic Settings for the Problem P ? NP?.- 8 Newton's Method.- 9 Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Complexity Aspects.- 10 Bezout's Theorem.- 11 Condition Numbers and the Loss of Precision of Linear Equations.- 12 The Condition Number for Nonlinear Problems.- 13 The Condition Number in ?(H(d).- 14 Complexity and the Condition Number.- 15 Linear Programming.- 16 Deterministic Lower Bounds.- 17 Probabilistic Machines.- 18 Parallel Computations.- 19 Some Separations of Complexity Classes.- 20 Weak Machines.- 21 Additive Machines.- 22 Nonuniform Complexity Classes.- 23 Descriptive Complexity.- References.
Thermal Infrared Characterization of Ground Targets and Backgrounds (1996)

This new edition updates the technologies that deal with the characterization of the thermal infrared radiation contrast between ground targets and backgrounds. Samples have been updated to comply with the current status of technology in sensor systems and countermeasures. New topics on mine detection and polarization have been included, and the section covering multispectral camouflage of personnel has been extended. The basic principles and meteorological parameters are presented, followed by calibration procedures, signature measurements, and data analyses
Planarians as a model system for in vitro teratogenesis studies (1982)

Free-living flatworms such as planarians are inexpensive to culture, maintain, and use for toxicologic testing in the laboratory. A considerable number of basic studies by ourselves and others indicate that, in simplified miniature, they possess many features of biochemical and physiologic organization similar to higher animals such as mammals. These include a well-developed brain with a varied behavioral repertoire including complex maneuvers of prey capture and learning, with a number of the same neurotransmitters used in mammalian brain. They are sensitive to a variety of the same toxicants. Undifferentiated totipotent stem cells, i.e., "neoblasts," which are capable of mitosis and differentiation into any of the various specialized cell types, permit regeneration of complete planarians from fragments. They also provide new cells to replace those lost in the normal cellular turnover of nonregenerating planarians. Both regeneration of surgical fragments and aberrant remodeling of whole planarians model important features of embyrogenesis and are potentially useful for assaying teratogens. Results are described from studies in which various representative teratogenic toxicants were tested in these two different planarian paradigms. The potential of planarian cephalic regeneration for behavioral teratogenesis investigations is also indicated.
Piezoreflectance and photoreflectance study of GaAs/AlGaAs digital alloy compositional graded structures (1996)

We have studied the piezoreflectance (PzR) spectra at 300 and 80 K related to the intersubband transitions from two different (001) GaAs/AlGaAs structures, an asymmetric triangular quantum well and a rectangular quantum well, fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy using the digital alloy compositional grading (DACG) method. A comparison of the relative intensity of heavy- and light-hole related features in the PzR spectra and those in the photoreflectance emphasizes the contribution of the strain dependence of the energies of the confined states which allows us to identify the features associated with the heavy- and light-hole valence bands unambiguously. Comparison of the observed intersubband transitions with the envelope function calculations provides a self-consistent verification that the DACG method generated the desired potential profiles. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of both the energy position and broadening parameter of the fundamental conduction to heavy-hole (11H) and light-hole (11L) excitonic features are investigated in the range of 20–300 K. The anomalous behavior of the temperature dependence of the linewidth of 11H(L) excitonic features of the samples are discussed.
On the Robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks to Internal Architecture and Weight Perturbations (2017)

Deep convolutional neural networks are generally regarded as robust function approximators. So far, this intuition is based on perturbations to external stimuli such as the images to be classified. Here we explore the robustness of convolutional neural networks to perturbations to the internal weights and architecture of the network itself. We show that convolutional networks are surprisingly robust to a number of internal perturbations in the higher convolutional layers but the bottom convolutional layers are much more fragile. For instance, Alexnet shows less than a 30% decrease in classification performance when randomly removing over 70% of weight connections in the top convolutional or dense layers but performance is almost at chance with the same perturbation in the first convolutional layer. Finally, we suggest further investigations which could continue to inform the robustness of convolutional networks to internal perturbations.
Aziridines. XIII. Reactions of Cyclohexenimine Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAziridines. XIII. Reactions of Cyclohexenimine Derivatives1Paul E. Fanta and Edward N. WalshCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 10, 3574–3575Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01021a512https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01021a512research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)‐1 stimulates cellular activity of hair follicles in an <i>in vitro</i> organ culture system (2007)

These results suggest the clinical utility of antisense nucleotide targeting FGFR-1 as a treatment for baldness.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum‐Amine Complexes for the Conversion of Carboxylic Esters to Amides. Application to the Synthesis of LTD4 Antagonist MK‐0679. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Embedded System for Prosthetic Control Using Implanted Neuromuscular Interfaces Accessed Via an Osseointegrated Implant (2017)

Despite the technological progress in robotics achieved in the last decades, prosthetic limbs still lack functionality, reliability, and comfort. Recently, an implanted neuromusculoskeletal interface built upon osseointegration was developed and tested in humans, namely the Osseointegrated Human-Machine Gateway. Here, we present an embedded system to exploit the advantages of this technology. Our artificial limb controller allows for bioelectric signals acquisition, processing, decoding of motor intent, prosthetic control, and sensory feedback. It includes a neurostimulator to provide direct neural feedback based on sensory information. The system was validated using real-time tasks characterization, power consumption evaluation, and myoelectric pattern recognition performance. Functionality was proven in a first pilot patient from whom results of daily usage were obtained. The system was designed to be reliably used in activities of daily living, as well as a research platform to monitor prosthesis usage and training, machine-learning-based control algorithms, and neural stimulation paradigms.
Application of precision diamond machining to the manufacture of microphotonics components (2003)

The use of diamonds to generate precision patterns and precision surfaces on a micrometer or nanometer scale has a history that dates back centuries. Uses of diamond in semi-automated machinery can be traced to ruling machines, pantographs, and ornamental turning with "diamond turning" dating back about a century. Poor behavior in machining more common materials (e.g. ferrous alloys) has limited diamond use in traditional industrial machining. The niche of the single crystal diamond is its edge sharpness and the ability to produce near-optical finish in materials such as aluminum, copper and their alloys; however, due to machine limitations, diamond machining remained a novelty until relatively recently. A convergence of machine technologies developed for both weapons and commercial applications led to modern diamond turning. Current turnkey machines can produce contoured surfaces with surface finish in the range of 5 nm Ra and long range accuracy of micrometers or less. Macroscopic scale, three axis, diamond machining is a well-developed technology; machining of features on a micrometer and submicrometer scale is a new and rapidly developing application of single crystal diamond machining. The role of this technology in micro-optics replication has yet to be fully defined.