gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A standardized desmopressin test of renal concentrating ability. (1980)

Renal concentration tests were carried out on 45 healthy volunteers and 106 patients with chronic renal disease of moderate degree involving impaired concentrating ability. Each subject served as his own control. The control experiment involved a total of 36 hr of "dehydration" (no fluids per os or food with a high fluid content such as fruit) in which 4 hr clearance periods were started from the 12th and continued to thd 36th hr. The first 12 hr involved an overnight period from 20.00 hr. One week later the same subjects were given 10 micrograms demopressin (dDAVP) at the 13th hr and a subsequent 4 hr clearance period provided blood and urine samples to compare desmopressin-induced urine concentration with various stages of concentration during oral fluid withdrawal alone. The drug was given intranasally. We measured urine osmolality and concentrations of urea. Na, K and calculated the U/P creatinine concentration ratios and creatinine clearances (CCr). Using Uosm as the criterion, the dDAVP experiment at 12 hr gave the same results as 24 hr of fluid withdrawal alone. With the U/PCr ratio as the criterion, dDAVP + 12 hr gave the same results as 36 hr of fluid withdrawal alone. Between 32 and 36 hr dehydration, CCr decreased - otherwise it remained unchanged in both healthy and ill subjects, with and without dDAVP. The only side-effect was the discomfort of more than 12 hr dehydration. This would appear to simplify a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic test.
Collective screen printing for carrier bump and SMT pads (2002)

Bare chip attach on organic carriers is one of the solutions of high density assembly. IBM developed SLC/FCA (Surface Laminar Circuit/Flip Chip Attach) technology with solder bump joints. This technology has been applied to PCMCIA cards and a graphic acceleration card. This report describes the development of a collective solder apply method to carrier bump and SMT pads using solder paste. In this study, the viscosity and the powder distribution of the solder paste were optimized for higher printability against 254 /spl mu/m pitch pattern. Controlling the solder amount, the thickness and the aperture size of a stencil were studied, and their relation was introduced. The tolerable displacement of the printed pattern against bump pads was also evaluated. Based on these studies, the collective screen printing method was applied to the double sided cards which had bare chips and SMT components.
Two independent and interactive DNA-binding subdomains of the Pax6 paired domain are regulated by alternative splicing. (1994)

Vertebrate Pax proteins share a conserved 128-amino-acid DNA-binding motif, the paired domain. The PAX6 gene, which is mutated in the murine Small eye and human aniridia developmental defects, also encodes a second protein with a 14-amino-acid insertion in the paired domain. This protein, which arises by alternative mRNA splicing, exhibits unique DNA-binding properties. Unlike other paired domains, which bind DNA predominantly by their amino termini, the extended Pax6 paired domain interacts with DNA exclusively through its carboxyl terminus. This property can be stimulated by deletion of 30 amino-terminal residues from the Pax6 or Pax2 paired domains. Thus, the insertion acts as a molecular toggle to unmask the DNA-binding potential of the carboxyl terminus. The functional nonequivalence of the two Pax6 proteins is underscored by a T-->C mutation at position -3 of the alternative splice acceptor site that changes the ratio of the two isoforms and causes a distinct human ocular syndrome.
PARCEL DELIVERY IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS: A VISION PAPER (2017)

Abstract. This vision paper addresses the challenges and explores the avenue of solutions regarding the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for transporting parcels in urban areas. We have already witnessed companies’ delivering parcels using UAS in rural areas, but the challenge of utilizing them for an urban environment is eminent. Nevertheless, the increasing research on the various aspects of UAS, including their battery life, resistance to harsh weather conditions and sensing its environment foresee their common usage in the logistics industry, especially in an urban environment. In addition, the increasing trend on 3D city modelling offer new directions regarding realistic as well as light 3D city models that are easy to modify and distribute. Utilizing UAS for transporting parcels in an urban environment would be a disruptive technological achievement as our roads will be less congested which would lead to less air pollution as well as wasted money and time. In addition, parcels could potentially be delivered much faster. This paper argues, with the support of the state-of-the-art research, that UASs will be used for transporting parcels in an urban environment in the coming decades.
Distinct Localization of P2X Receptors at Excitatory Postsynaptic Specializations (2001)

ATP mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission in some regions of the central nervous system through activation of P2X receptors. Nonetheless, the functional significance of ATP-mediated neurotransmission is not yet understood. Using postembedding immunocytochemistry, we describe the distribution of P2X(2), P2X(4), and P2X(6) subunits in cerebellum and in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje cells showed immunogold labeling for all three subunits when apposed to parallel fiber (PF) terminals. In contrast, no immunogold labeling was observed on dendritic spines or cell bodies receiving inputs from climbing fibers and basket cells, respectively. In CA1 pyramidal cells, postsynaptic membranes apposed to terminals of Schaffer collaterals were immunogold-labeled for P2X(2), P2X(4), and P2X(6) subunits. Immunolabeling was also observed perisynaptically and intracellularly in relation to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. The analysis of the tangential distribution of gold particles showed that they were preferentially located at the peripheral portion of the postsynaptic specialization of both parallel fiber and Schaffer collateral synapses. By double imunogold labeling using antibodies for P2X receptor subunits and GluR2/3 subunits of the AMPA glutamate receptors, we show that synapses expressing P2X receptors are also glutamatergic. The present study shows for the first time qualitatively and quantitatively the precise localization of P2X receptors in brain. Moreover, our data indicate that P2X receptors may play a significant role at glutamatergic synapses.
Theoretical Study of Phase Behavior of Frustrated ABC Linear Triblock Copolymers (2012)

The self-assembling behavior of ABC linear triblock copolymer melts is systematically studied using the self-consistent field theory, focusing on the emergence and stability of the knitting-pattern (KP) phase. The KP is one of the most intriguing unconventional phases formed from ”frustrated” linear triblock copolymers, where the interaction between the two end blocks is much weaker than those between neighboring blocks. Specifically phase diagrams for linear ABC triblock copolymer melts are constructed by comparing the free energy of about 10 candidate structures, including the knitting patterns, three-color lamellae (L3), core–shell cylinders (CSC), perforated lamellae (PL), cylinders-within-lamellae (LC), triple/quadruple cylinders-on-cylinders (C3/C4), double/triple helices-on-cylinders (H2C/H3C), and perforated circular lamella-on-cylinders (PC). The results of the phase behavior are presented for three cases with increasing complexity of the block copolymers. First of all, we investigate the stable region of the KP phase in triblock copolymers with a uniform segment size. Second, we study the impact of the conformational parameters as well as the interaction asymmetry between neighboring blocks on the stability of the KP phase. Finally, we examine the stability region of the KP phase surrounded by LC, PL, L3, CSC, PC, and C4 phases for a model system with a specific set of parameters corresponding to those of the polystyrene–poly(ethylene-co-butylene)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS–PEB–PMMMA) samples.
Electrochemical Behavior of Boron in LiF‐NaF‐KF‐ Melts (1996)

The electrochemical reduction of B(III) to B(0) in ‐LiF‐NaF‐KF melts has been studied by voltammetric and chronopotentiometric methods. Glassy carbon, Pt, and Ag were used as working electrode materials. Only in the case of Ag was the reduction not complicated by interaction between boron and the electrode material. On a silver electrode B(III) was reduced to B(0) in a single irreversible step in the concentration range up to mole percent (m/o). The cathodic half‐wave potential was −1.34 V vs. an Ag/AgCl reference electrode at 700°C. The diffusion coefficient of at 700°C was determined to be . Further increase of the concentration above m/o leads to a change in the reduction process. An ohmic resistance control becomes the limiting factor of the boron electroreduction process. The "apparent surface resistance" changes from 3.0 to 21.6 Ω cm2 as the temperature decreases from 700 to 550°C, respectively. Furthermore at concentrations higher than m/o a second reduction peak and a corresponding anodic peak appeared on the voltammograms. These peaks were attributed to formation of alkali metal borides.
Doughnut-Shaped Peptide Nano-Assemblies and Their Applications as Nanoreactors (2004)

Doughnut-shaped nanoreactors, peptide nano-doughnuts, were self-assembled from peptides and organic Au salts. We demonstrated that monodisperse Au nanocrystals were synthesized inside the cavities of peptide nano-doughnuts by the reduction of Au ions and the size of the Au nanocrystal was controlled by the cavity dimension. The Au nanocrystals inside the nano-doughnuts were extracted by destroying the nano-doughnuts via long UV irradiation (>10 h). These features may allow the peptide nano-doughnuts to be applied in the fields of nanomaterial syntheses, controlled release systems, and drug delivery.
Shoulder arthroscopy: A modified approach (1985)

This paper proposes a modification of the classical position for shoulder arthroscopy. Two changes are proposed to improve visualization, accentuate pathology, and give better access to the inferior one half to one third of the shoulder joint. The direct lateral position is changed to a semilateral position in which the patient is allowed to rotate 30 to 40 degrees posteriorly, thus putting the shoulder joint on a horizontal plane. This allows for more comfortable arthroscopy and instrumentation. Also, if capsulorrhaphy is desired, better penetration of the scapula is possible since the scapula is vertical; thus, the angle of the approaching staple is less severe. The second change is to apply traction in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the humerus rather than parallel to it. This modification elevates the humerus out of the glenoid rather than distracts the humerus into a subluxed position. The result accentuates labral pathology and gives a significantly improved view of the inferior one half to one third of the glenoid capsule. This new plane of traction allows excellent visualization with very little traction; thus, the problem of traction neuropraxia has been eliminated.
민간경비원 교육과정의 문제점과 개선방안 (2012)

경비업체는 다른 모든 기업조직과 마찬가지로 조직 구성원들의 잠재적 능력을 최대한 발휘하여 조직의 목표와 개인 의 목표를 달성할 수 있도록 인적자원을 관리하고 있다. 특히 경비업은 고객의 생명 및 신체에 대한 위해, 재산에 대한 침해 등을 경계하고 방지하는 업무를 수행하기 때문에 그 업무를 담당하고 있는 경비요원의 능력과 자질이 무엇보다 중 요하다. 따라서 민간경비 서비스를 제공하는 경비요원들이 어떤 교육을 받고 어떤 서비스를 제공하느냐는 바로 고객의 생명과 신체와 재산에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 경비원의 법정교육 등은 매우 중요하며 나아가 직 간접적으로 민 간경비산업에 영향을 미치는 것이다. 이러한 문제의식 하에서 본 연구는 경비원 법정교육의 변천과정을 살펴보고 나아가 현행 경비원 법정교육제도를 분 석하여 문제점을 도출한 후 이에 대한 발전방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다.
Investigations on Ru-Mn films as plateable Cu diffusion barriers (2011)

In this study Ru-Mn alloys are discussed in terms of some of the major questions that are typically associated with the development of new types of barriers. First, the Cu diffusion barrier performance after annealing at high temperatures and under subsequent bias temperature stress is investigated, on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and on low-k dielectrics. Second, the origin of the barrier performance - either a self forming barrier caused by segregation of an alloyed element, or the stuffing of grain boundaries - is investigated, since this is of importance with regard to an electromigration barrier at the bottom of a via. Third, Cu plating and Cu adhesion behavior are addressed, since they are also important with regard to electromigration, specifically along the side walls of trenches. Fourth, the blocking of oxygen diffusion is investigated. Furthermore, down-scaling of the Mn content to a lowest possible level is pursued in order to reduce line and via resistances.
Single-crystal X-ray studies of five alkali metal salts of luminol (2013)

Luminol salts of five alkali metals, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Luminol is deprotonated at the same site whereas each ionic salt has a unique composition and a different number of water molecules. The cation/luminol ion pair to water molecule ratio in the lattices varies as follows: 1 : 0 for K, 1 : 1 for Li, 1 : 2 for Rb, 1 : 3 for Cs, and 1 : 6 for Na. The differences in composition among the five compounds lead to different metal coordination environments in the solid state and distinct 3-D molecular arrangements in the lattice.
Optimization by simulated annealing of three-dimensional conformal treatment planning for radiation fields defined by a multileaf collimator (1991)

Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy may be achieved by using a combination of geometrically shaped radiation fields from different orientations around the patient. A convenient method to shape the fields is to use a multileaf collimator. These fields are shaped to the beam's-eye-view of the target volume, at each orientation of the collimator, and may also encompass sensitive structure, i.e. organs at risk, if the target region has concavities in its outline within which such structure may reside. The term 'conformal therapy' is used in this paper to mean tailoring the high dose volume to the target volume whilst minimising dose to other normal structures (organs at risk) which may be irradiated by the treatment fields, shaped by a multileaf collimator. The question then arises of the optimum distribution of beam weights to apply to the fields to minimise dose to organs at risk whilst aiming towards a uniform dose distribution in the target volume. This paper provides a method of optimizing the choice of beamweights to achieve this. The method is based on the well known optimization technique of simulated annealing. Either an optimal set of beamweights, one weight per field, is generated or the intensity may be spatially modulated across the field at each orientation (two weights per field) depending on whether there is just target volume or both target volume and volume containing organs at risk in the line of sight. It is shown that the dose matrix resulting from the latter optimization is closer to the dose prescription than that obtained by using either an optimal set of single weights per field or uniform beamweights.
Contribute the Elements of the Entrepreneurial Marketing Mix to Acquisition Anew Customers Case Study of Zain/Iraq Mobile Telecommunications Company (2019)

This research was launched from a problem expressed in a number of intellectual questions aimed at identifying the contribution of the Entrepreneurial elements of the marketing mix in leading the acquisition of new customers in the company investigated.
            The study used the case study methodology, based on a set of methods and tools to collect and analyze data and information from the research sample of (160) customers and (40) Entrepreneurial individuals in the research company. The research came to a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that some components of the marketing mix have a role but not strong and uneven in influencing the acquisition new customers.
Cluster processes: a natural language for network traffic (2003)

We introduce a new approach to the modeling of network traffic, consisting of a semi-experimental methodology combining models with data and a class of point processes (cluster models) to represent the process of packet arrivals in a physically meaningful way. Wavelets are used to examine second-order statistics, and particular attention is paid to the modeling of long-range dependence and to the question of scale invariance at small scales. We analyze in depth the properties of several large traces of packet data and determine unambiguously the influence of network variables such as arrival patterns, durations, and volumes of transport control protocol (TCP) flows and internal flow structure. We show that session-level modeling is not relevant at the packet level. Our findings naturally suggest the use of cluster models. We define a class where TCP flows are directly modeled, and each model parameter has a direct meaning in network terms, allowing the model to be used to predict traffic properties as networks and traffic evolve. The class has the key advantage of being mathematically tractable, in particular, its spectrum is known and can be readily calculated, its wavelet spectrum deduced, interarrival distributions can be obtained, and it can be simulated in a straightforward way. The model reproduces the main second-order features, and results are compared against a simple black box point process alternative. Discrepancies with the model are discussed and explained, and enhancements are outlined. The elephant and mice view of traffic flows is revisited in the light of our findings.
Fortalecimiento del compromiso académico universitario en Colombia: La necesidad de formar auxiliares en investigación y docencia (2019)

Los estudios que se han realizado sobre participación estudiantil en su mayoría hacen referencia a una participación de carácter individual en la que se hace énfasis en el logro académico y aspectos individuales del estudiante, pero no se destaca en estos la importancia de promover un compromiso académico institucional, en el que el estudiante aporte a la construcción de universidad, ya sea participando en actividades investigativas o pedagógicas. Desde esta perspectiva, las universidades en Colombia deberían promover el compromiso académico institucional, mediante incentivos académicos y económicos para aquellos estudiantes que apoyen a los docentes en la implementación de proyectos de investigación, así como en actividades de apoyo a la docencia, ya que de esta forma se incentiva en los estudiantes el sentido de ser parte de la comunidad universitaria, e ir más allá de la asistencia a clases.
Proteases in Helminth- and Allergen- Induced Inflammatory Responses (2005)

Proteolytic activity is a central biochemical property that endows molecules with intrinsic allergenicity. Thus, the cysteine protease of dust mite, Der p1, the aspartic protease of cockroach, Bla g 2, the serine protease of Aspergillus fumigatus and the bacterial subtilisins are all major allergenic molecules responsible for the increase in asthma and atopic conditions worldwide. These proteases induce Th2-driven inflammatory responses in the airways by disrupting the epithelial cell junctions so that these, and other molecules, gain access to, and alter the function of, underlying cells of the innate immune system (dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils and macrophages) and B and T cells. Helminth parasites secrete proteases to gain entry into their hosts, and to feed on and migrate through tissues. Their action leads to tissue damage and the activation of inflammatory responses dominated by elevated IgE, eosinophilia and Th2 cells, much like allergenic responses. In certain situations, such as in acute infections (especially with zoonotic helminths), proteases secreted by helminths may sensitise individuals to allergens. However, the anti-inflammatory responses observed in chronic helminthiases, involving IL-10 and TGFBeta, that are primarily responsible for controlling immune-mediated damage to the host that is initiated by secreted proteases, coincidentally protects against similar inflammatory damage by allergens.
Text2Test: Automated Inspection of Natural Language Use Cases (2010)

The modularity and customer centric approach of use cases make them the preferred methods for requirement elicitation, especially in iterative software development processes as in agile programming. Numerous guidelines exist for use case style and content, but enforcing compliance to such guidelines in the industry currently requires specialized training and a strongly managed requirement elicitation process. However, often due to aggressive development schedules, organizations shy away from such extensive processes and end up capturing use cases in an ad-hoc fashion with little guidance. This results in poor quality use cases that are seldom fit for any downstream software activities. We have developed an approach for automated and "edit-time" inspection of use cases based on the construction and analysis of models of use cases. Our models contain linguistic properties of the use case text along with the functional properties of the system under discussion. In this paper, we present a suite of model analysis techniques that leverage such models to validate uses cases simultaneously for their style and content. Such model analysis techniques can be combined with a robust NLP techniques to develop integrated development environments for use case authoring, as we do in Text2Test. When used in an industrial setting, Text2Test resulted in better compliance of use cases, in enhanced productivity and, subsequently, in higher quality of test cases.
Application of fast imploding capillary discharge for laser wakefield acceleration (2003)

A new method of optical guiding for the laser wakefield acceleration using an imploding phase of a gas-filled fast capillary discharge has been proposed. An imploding plasma column has a concave electron density profile in the radial direction just before a stagnation phase driven by a converging current sheet and shock wave. The feasibility of optical guiding of high intensity laser pulses using an imploding phase of the fast capillary discharge has been experimentally demonstrated over a distance of 2 cm corresponding to /spl sim/12.5 times the Rayleigh length. A high intensity laser pulse (>10/sup 17/ W/cm/sup 2/) focused on the front edge of the capillary has propagated through the center of the column maintaining its spot size. The electron density in the fully ionized channel is estimated to be 6.0/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ on the axis and 1.5/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ on the peaks with the diameter of 70 /spl mu/m.