gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elongation factor 4 (EF4/LepA) accelerates protein synthesis at increased Mg<sup>2+</sup>concentrations (2011)

Elongation factor 4 (EF4) is one of the most conserved proteins present in bacteria as well as in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes. Although EF4 has the unique ability to catalyze the back-translocation reaction on posttranslocation state ribosomes, the physiological role of EF4 remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that EF4 is stored at the membrane of Escherichia coli cells and released into the cytoplasm upon conditions of high ionic strength or low temperature. Under such conditions, wild-type E. coli cells overgrow mutant cells lacking the EF4 gene within 5-10 generations. Elevated intracellular Mg(2+) concentrations or low temperature retard bacterial growth and inhibit protein synthesis, probably because of formation of aberrant elongating ribosomal states. We suggest that EF4 binds to these stuck ribosomes and remobilizes them, consistent with the EF4-dependent enhancement (fivefold) in protein synthesis observed under these unfavorable conditions. The strong selective advantage conferred by the presence of EF4 at high intracellular ionic strength or low temperatures explains the ubiquitous distribution and high conservation of EF4.
FLOWGUARD (2014)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) introduces significant granularity, visibility and flexibility to networking, but at the same time brings forth new security challenges. One of the fundamental challenges is to build robust firewalls for protecting OpenFlow-based networks where network states and traffic are frequently changed. To address this challenge, we introduce FlowGuard, a comprehensive framework, to facilitate not only accurate detection but also effective resolution of firewall policy violations in dynamic OpenFlow-based networks. FlowGuard checks network flow path spaces to detect firewall policy violations when network states are updated. In addition, FlowGuard conducts automatic and real-time violation resolutions with the help of several innovative resolution strategies designed for diverse network update situations. We also implement our framework and demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed detection and resolution approaches in FlowGuard through experiments with a real-world network topology.
Anthocyanins—More Than Nature′s Colours (2004)

Research over the past decade has produced incontrovertible evidence for a vast array of health benefits arising from the consumption of fruits and vegetables. In an endeavor to identify the active health-promoting ingredients, many researchers have focused on the properties of the flavonoids, a large class of phenolic compounds that is abundant in such foods. Most prominent among the flavonoids are the anthocyanins-universal plant colorants responsible for the red, purple, and blue hues evident in many fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, and flowers. Represented by over 600 molecular structures as identified to date, anthocyanins are of particular interest to the food colorant industry due to their ability to impart vibrant colours to the product. Now it seems highly likely that they also enhance the health-promoting qualities of foods.
A Topology Structure Repair Algorithm for Triangular Mesh Model (2016)

Triangular mesh model built by existing surface reconstruction methods still have issues such as dislocation, serial hole, stitching and multilateral collinear. The model existing above-mentioned defects cannot generate standard STL file for 3D printing. To solve these problems, this paper propose a topology structure repair method for triangular mesh model, which containing four types detailed solutions targeting different topology errors. Moreover, in order to improve the effectiveness and superiority, we design a global error connected region and correlative data structure, which can achieve the aim of rapid detection and repair for different topology errors. The experiment results demonstrate that the method is effective in repairing irrational triangular mesh models.
Preparation and properties of the hydroxyindole-3-carboxylic acids (1969)

A procedure for the synthesis of the 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-hydroxyindole-3-carboxylic acids starting from the corresponding 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-benzyloxyindoles respectively has been devised. The benzyloxyindoles are converted to mixtures of their 1- and 3-carbethoxy derivatives by the action of ethyl chloroformate on their Grignard reagents. The hydroxyindole-3-carboxylic acids are then obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis and debenzylation of the benzyloxy-3-carbethoxyindoles.
Antigen-activated human T lymphocytes express cell-surface NKG2D ligands via an ATM/ATR-dependent mechanism and become susceptible to autologous NK- cell lysis (2007)

Recent evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells can negatively regulate T-cell responses, but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon as a consequence of NK-T-cell interactions are poorly understood. We studied the interaction between the NKG2D receptor and its ligands (NKG2DLs), and asked whether T cells expressed NKG2DLs in response to superantigen, alloantigen, or a specific antigenic peptide, and if this rendered them susceptible to NK lysis. As evaluated by FACS, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related protein A (MICA) was the ligand expressed earlier on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in 90% of the donors tested, while UL16-binding protein-1 (ULBP)1, ULBP2, and ULBP3 were induced at later times in 55%-75% of the donors. By carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling, we observed that NKG2DLs were expressed mainly on T cells that had gone through at least one division. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the expression of all NKG2DLs, except ULBP4. In addition, T-cell activation stimulated phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a kinase required for NKG2DLs expression after DNA damage, and ATM/Rad3-related kinase (ATR) inhibitors blocked MICA induction on T cells with a mechanism involving NF-kappaB. Finally, we demonstrated that activated T cells became susceptible to autologous NK lysis via NKG2D/NKG2DLs interaction and granule exocytosis, suggesting that NK lysis of T lymphocytes via NKG2D may be an additional mechanism to limit T-cell responses.
Rhizobium NodB protein involved in nodulation signal synthesis is a chitooligosaccharide deacetylase. (1993)

The common nodulation genes nodABC are conserved in all rhizobia and are involved in synthesis of a lipooligosaccharide signal molecule. This bacterial signal consists of a chitooligosaccharide backbone, which carries at the nonreducing end a fatty acyl chain. The modified chitooligosaccharide molecule triggers development of nodules on the roots of the leguminous host plant. To elucidate the specific role of the NodB protein in nodulation factor synthesis, we have purified recombinant NodB and determined its biochemical role by direct assays. Our data show that the NodB protein of Rhizobium meliloti deacetylates the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue of chitooligosaccharides. The monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine is not deacetylated by NodB. In the pathway of Nod factor synthesis, deacetylation at the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide backbone may be a necessary requirement for attachment of the fatty acyl chain.
A Flexible Architecture for Statistical Learning and Data Mining from System Log Streams (2004)

Reactivity to stress is a useful factor to bear in mind in teachers with voice problems.
Non-tunneling Edge-Overlay Model Using OpenFlow for Cloud Datacenter Networks (2013)

In current SDN paradigm, an edge-overlay (distributed tunneling) model using L2-in-L3 tunneling protocols, such as VXLAN, has attracted attentions for multi-tenant data center networks. The edge-overlay model can establish rapid-deployment of virtual networks onto existing traditional network facilities, ensure flexible IP/MAC address allocation to VMs, and extend the number of virtual networks regardless of the VLAN ID limitation. However, such model has performance and incompatibility problems on the traditional network environment. For L2 data center networks, this paper proposes a pure software approach that uses Open Flow virtual switches to realize yet another edge-overlay without IP tunneling. Our model leverages a header rewriting method as well as a host-based VLAN ID usage to ensure address space isolation and scalability of the number of virtual networks. In our model, any special hardware equipments like Open Flow hardware switch are not required and only software-based virtual switches and the controller are used. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model comparing with the tunneling model using GRE or VXLAN protocol. Our model showed better performance and less CPU usage. In addition, qualitative evaluations of the model are also conducted from a broader perspective.
Long-term preservation of adipose aspirates after conventional lipoplasty (2004)

Our results indicated that an optimal cryopreservation approach that utilizes a combination of DMSO and trehalose as cryoprotective agents appears to provide good long-term preservation of adipose aspirates obtained from conventional lipoplasty, albeit not as ideal as fresh specimens. An in vivo study will be conducted to confirm the results from our present in vitro study.
Multiexciton Solar Cells of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals (2013)

Peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of just over 120% were observed in photovoltaic (PV) devices of CuInSe2 nanocrystals prepared with a photonic curing process. The extraction of more than one electron/hole pair as a result of the absorption of a single photon can occur if multiple excitons are generated and extracted. Multiexciton generation (MEG) in the nanocrystal films was substantiated by transient absorption spectroscopy. We propose that photonic curing leads to sufficient electronic coupling between nanocrystals to enable multiexciton extraction under typical solar illumination conditions. Under low light conditions, however, the EQE drops significantly, indicating that photonic curing-induced ligand desorption creates a significant amount of traps in the film that limit the overall power conversion efficiency of the device.
The Description Length of Deep Learning Models (2018)

Solomonoff's general theory of inference and the Minimum Description Length principle formalize Occam's razor, and hold that a good model of data is a model that is good at losslessly compressing the data, including the cost of describing the model itself. Deep neural networks might seem to go against this principle given the large number of parameters to be encoded. We demonstrate experimentally the ability of deep neural networks to compress the training data even when accounting for parameter encoding. The compression viewpoint originally motivated the use of variational methods in neural networks. Unexpectedly, we found that these variational methods provide surprisingly poor compression bounds, despite being explicitly built to minimize such bounds. This might explain the relatively poor practical performance of variational methods in deep learning. On the other hand, simple incremental encoding methods yield excellent compression values on deep networks, vindicating Solomonoff's approach.
Separation of vertical cable up‐going and down‐going wave fields (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997Separation of vertical cable up‐going and down‐going wave fieldsAuthors: Chuanwen SunChuanwen SunPGS Tensor, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885590 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885590FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Chuanwen Sun, (1997), "Separation of vertical cable up‐going and down‐going wave fields," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1131-1134. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885590 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As_2S_3taper using ultralow pump pulse energy (2011)

An octave spanning spectrum is generated in an As₂S₃ taper via 77 pJ pulses from an ultrafast fiber laser. Using a previously developed tapering method, we construct a 1.3 μm taper that has a zero-dispersion wavelength around 1.4 μm. The low two-photon absorption of sulfide-based chalcogenide fiber allows for higher input powers than previous efforts in selenium-based chalcogenide tapered fibers. This higher power handling capability combined with input pulse chirp compensation allows an octave spanning spectrum to be generated directly from the taper using the unamplified laser output.
Role of Forensic Social Work in Gang Violence (2017)

Gang violence in all over the world has become prevalent with the emergence of street gangs, young men and women, who identify themselves by wearing specific colors, are engaging in gang related activities or through ethnic / social affiliation. As the gang problems increase in major cities across the country, law enforcement agencies, court systems and social service agencies must develop knowledge and expertise concerning how gangs affect their communities. This paper will explore different aspects of gang violence but most importantly reveals how forensic social work is relevant and how forensic social work impacts gang related crimes and violence.
High-performance transparent and stretchable all-solid supercapacitors based on highly aligned carbon nanotube sheets (2014)

By using highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets of excellent optical transmittance and mechanical stretchability as both the current collector and active electrode, high-performance transparent and stretchable all-solid supercapacitors with a good stability were developed. A transmittance up to 75% at the wavelength of 550 nm was achieved for a supercapacitor made from a cross-over assembly of two single-layer CNT sheets. The transparent supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 7.3 F g(-1) and can be biaxially stretched up to 30% strain without any obvious change in electrochemical performance even over hundreds stretching cycles.
Drug repositioning in pulmonary arterial hypertension: challenges and opportunities (2019)

Despite many advances in medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) over the past 20 years, long-term survival is still poor. Novel therapies which target the underlying pathology of PAH and which could be added to current vasodilatory therapies to halt disease progression and potentially reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling are highly sought after. Given the high attrition rates, substantial costs, and slow pace of new drug development, repositioning of "old" drugs is increasingly becoming an attractive path to identify novel treatment options, especially for a rare disease such as PAH. We here summarize the limitations of current PAH therapy, the general concept of repurposing and repositioning, success stories of approved repositioned drugs in PAH as well as novel repositioned drugs that show promise in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are currently tested in clinical trials. We furthermore discuss various data-driven as well as experimental approaches currently used to identify repurposed drug candidates and review challenges for the "repositioning community" with regards to funding and patent and regulatory considerations, and to illustrate opportunities for collaborative solutions for drug repositioning relevant to PAH.
Analyses of power system vulnerability and total transfer capability (2006)

Modern power systems are now stepping into the post-restructuring era, in which utility industries as well as ISOs (Independent System Operators) are involved. Attention needs to be paid to the reliability study of power systems by both the utility companies and the ISOs. An uninterrupted and high quality power is required for the sustainable development of a technological society. Power system blackouts generally result from cascading outages. Protection system hidden failures remain dormant when everything is normal and are exposed as a result of other system disturbances. This dissertation provides new methods for power system vulnerability analysis including protection failures. Both adequacy and security aspects are included. The power system vulnerability analysis covers the following issues: 1) Protection system failure analysis and modeling based on protection failure features; 2) New methodology for reliability evaluation to incorporate protection system failure modes; and, 3) Application of variance reduction techniques and evaluation. A new model of current-carrying component paired with its associated protection system has been proposed. The model differentiates two protection failure modes, and it is the foundation of the proposed research. Detailed stochastic features of system contingencies and corresponding responses are considered. Both adequacy and security reliability indices are computed. Moreover, a new reliability index ISV (Integrated System Vulnerability) is introduced to represent the integrated reliability performance with consideration of protection system failures. According to these indices, we can locate the weakest point or link in a power system. The whole analysis procedure is based on a non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method. In reliability analysis, especially with Monte Carlo simulation, computation time is a function not only of a large number of simulations, but also time-consuming system state evaluation, such as OPF (Optimal Power Flow) and stability assessment. Theoretical and practical analysis is conducted for the application of variance reduction techniques. The dissertation also proposes a comprehensive approach for a TTC (Total Transfer Capability) calculation with consideration of thermal, voltage and transient stability limits. Both steady state and dynamic security assessments are included in the process of obtaining total transfer capability. Particularly, the effect of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices on TTC is examined. FACTS devices have been shown to have both positive and negative effects on system stability depending on their location. Furthermore, this dissertation proposes a probabilistic method which gives a new framework for analyzing total transfer capability with actual operational conditions.
Ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15) derivatized with imidazole-containing functionalities as a selective adsorbent of precious metal ionsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM image of SBA-15. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b315829b/ (2004)

Organic ligand containing the imidazole [N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole], precious metal-chelating functionality, was immobilized on the surface of ordered mesoporous silica, SBA-15. The resulting functionalized ordered mesoporous silica (Imi-SBA-15) was characterized and tested as an effective adsorbent for Pt2+ and Pd2+. N2 adsorption/desorption measurements and small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) demonstrate both the maintenance of pore symmetry (space group p6mm) of SBA-15 and the introduction of the imidazole functional group inside the mesopore channel. The functionalized material shows an exceptional selectivity for Pt2+ and Pd2+ ions over other metal ions such as Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, even in the presence of an excess of the latter. Adsorption capacities of the imidazole functionalized mesoporous silica for Pt2+ and Pd2+ are comparable to those of polymeric adsorbents. Moreover, as-synthesized adsorbent shows a faster adsorption rate than the polymeric one. Adsorbed precious metal ions can be readily recovered by simple acid (HNO3) treatment. The results suggest that the hydrophilic ligand-immobilized mesostructured adsorbent prepared here could be a good alternative to ligand-immobilized organic polymers that are presently used for the adsorption of precious metals.
Trial Objections from Beginning to End: The Handbook for Civil and Criminal Trials (2002)

make a timely objection will result in waiver of the alleged error."' 7Consequently, counsel is required to make both timely and specific objections and motions to strike the evidence in order to preserve the objection for appellate review, ' " where the ground for objection is not apparent from the context of the discussion contained in the record.' 9 A loosely formulated and imprecise objection, such as only stating, "Objection," will not preserve error. 2 " Illustrative of this rule is United appeal is deemed a waiver of the objection.").17.See PARK, supra note 11, at 2; see also Hampton v. Dillard Dep't Stores Inc., 247 F.3d 1091, 1113 (10th
Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Genotyping of EGFR in Lung Cancer Patients by Deep Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA (2015)

Deep sequencing of plasma DNA can be used for genotyping of EGFR in lung cancer patients. In particular, the high specificity of the system may enable a direct recommendation for EGFR-TKI on the basis of positive results with plasma DNA. Because sensitivity was low in early-stage NSCLC, the detection system is preferred for stage IIIB-IV NSCLC.
Recombinant Antigen-Enterotoxin A2/B Chimeric Mucosal Immunogens Differentially Enhance Antibody Responses and B7-Dependent Costimulation of CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2001)

The ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins, cholera toxin (CT) and the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT-IIa), have been shown to enhance mucosal and systemic antibody (Ab) responses to coadministered antigens. The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of the nontoxic A2/B subunits of these toxins, which have distinct targeting properties, to augment the immunogenicity of a genetically coupled protein antigen. Structurally similar chimeric proteins were generated by genetically replacing the toxic A1 subunit of CT or LT-IIa with the saliva-binding region (SBR) from the streptococcal adhesin AgI/II. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with either chimeric protein induced significantly higher plasma and mucosal anti-SBR immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG Ab responses than SBR alone. Moreover, compared to SBR-LT-IIaA2/B, SBR-CTA2/B elicited significantly higher levels of plasma IgG1 and salivary IgA anti-SBR Ab responses. Ex vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that SBR-CTA2/B selectively up-regulated B7-2 expression on murine B cells isolated from both the nasal associated lymphoid tissue, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen. In contrast, SBR-LT-IIaA2/B had little effect on B7-1 or B7-2 expression on B220(+), CD11b(+), or CD11c(+) cells. Analysis of the functional costimulatory activity of SBR-CTA2/B-treated B cells revealed a significant enhancement in anti-CD3-stimulated CD4(+) T-cell proliferative responses, and this proliferation was significantly reduced by treatment with anti-B7-2 but not with anti-B7-1 or isotype control Abs. Thus, SBR-CTA2/B and SBR-LT-IIaA2/B exhibit distinct patterns of antibody responses associated with differential effects on B7-2 expression and subsequent costimulatory effects on CD4(+) T cells.
Nonlinear Predistortion for OFDM SDMA Systems (2006)

This paper investigates nonlinear predistortion techniques for the downlink of OFDM systems from a transmitter equipped with multiple antennas to non-cooperative single antenna mobile stations. Although the performance of nonlinear predistortion schemes like Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) strongly depends on the ordering of the precoded symbols, current THP approaches apply data independent sorting algorithms. A tree search algorithm is proposed which combines matrix decomposition and the feedback structure of the precoder to compute a data dependent precoding order