gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time PCRs for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis β-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes in female genital specimens (2007)

Trichomonas vaginalis is the cause of one of the most common types of vaginitis, trichomoniasis. The incidence of trichomoniasis in developed countries has decreased substantially during the past decade, but high prevalence of this disease can still be found in rural and remote areas of Australia. Clinical manifestations of symptomatic women are generally non-specific, but include vaginal discharge, vaginitis and irritation. T. vaginalis infection has also been linked to the increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Current diagnosis of T. vaginalis relies on the visualization of motile organisms in a wet-mount preparation. Culture is used mainly in reference laboratories. The latter two methods require viable organisms and would not be suitable for use where transportation of specimens can be delayed. Two real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) hybridization probe PCR assays were used in this study to test for T. vaginalis DNA, targeting the beta-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes. We tested 500 randomly selected female patients, in an STD setting, for T. vaginalis DNA. The FRET PCRs targeting the beta-tubulin gene and the 18S rRNA gene detected 96 % (85/89) and 100 % (89/89) , respectively, of the positive specimens (first-void urine sample or genital swabs). Wet-mount microscopy was performed on 76 of these PCR-positive specimens and showed a sensitivity of 38 % (29/76). The prevalence, by PCR, of trichomoniasis was 18 % in this study. The two real-time PCRs developed in this study, targeting different genetic regions of the organism, provide a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection.
Mechanism for the Cellular Uptake of Targeted Gold Nanorods of Defined Aspect Ratios (2016)

Biomedical applications of non-spherical nanoparticles such as photothermal therapy and molecular imaging require their efficient intracellular delivery, yet reported details on their interactions with the cell remain inconsistent. Here, the effects of nanoparticle geometry and receptor targeting on the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking are systematically explored by using C166 (mouse endothelial) cells and gold nanoparticles of four different aspect ratios (ARs) from 1 to 7. When coated with poly(ethylene glycol) strands, the cellular uptake of untargeted nanoparticles monotonically decreases with AR. Next, gold nanoparticles are functionalized with DNA oligonucleotides to target Class A scavenger receptors expressed by C166 cells. Intriguingly, cellular uptake is maximized at a particular AR: shorter nanorods (AR = 2) enter C166 cells more than nanospheres (AR = 1) and longer nanorods (AR = 4 or 7). Strikingly, long targeted nanorods align to the cell membrane in a near-parallel manner followed by rotating by ≈90° to enter the cell via a caveolae-mediated pathway. Upon cellular entry, targeted nanorods of all ARs predominantly traffic to the late endosome without progressing to the lysosome. The studies yield important materials design rules for drug delivery carriers based on targeted, anisotropic nanoparticles.
INTUBATION OF THE HUMAN SMALL INTESTINE (1939)

Intestinal intubation1may now be regarded as an established clinical procedure. It has been employed in more than five hundred instances in the clinic of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and to a less extent in a number of other institutions in this country and abroad. The technic is time consuming and may be difficult even for the experienced worker. The results obtained in the management of intestinal obstruction alone, however, seem to justify its inclusion among the procedures available in all large general hospitals. The employment of the method in 16 cases of acute obstruction has previously been described (Abbott and Johnston2), but further experience has indicated in more detail the various ways in which the method is therapeutically and diagnostically helpful in such cases. It may be utilized advantageously throughout the acute phases of the patient's illness and its beneficial effects include, in chronologic
(Photo)physical Properties of New Molecular Glasses End-Capped with Thiophene Rings Composed of Diimide and Imine Units (2014)

New symmetrical arylene bisimide derivatives formed by using electron-donating-electron-accepting systems were synthesized. They consist of a phthalic diimide or naphthalenediimide core and imine linkages and are end-capped with thiophene, bithiophene, and (ethylenedioxy)thiophene units. Moreover, polymers were obtained from a new diamine, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(5-aminonaphthalenyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-dicarboximide and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde or 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarboxaldehyde. The prepared azomethine diimides exhibited glass-forming properties. The obtained compounds emitted blue light with the emission maximum at 470 nm. The value of the absorption coefficient was determined as a function of the photon energy using spectroscopic ellipsometry. All compounds are electrochemically active and undergo reversible electrochemical reduction and irreversible oxidation processes as was found in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies. They exhibited a low electrochemically (DPV) calculated energy band gap (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub>) from 1.14 to 1.70 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels and <i>E</i><sub>g</sub> were additionally calculated theoretically by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The photovoltaic properties of two model compounds as the active layer in organic solar cells in the configuration indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/active layer/Al under an illumination of 1.3 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> were studied. The device comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) with the compound end-capped with bithiophene rings showed the highest value of <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> (above 1 V). The conversion efficiency of the fabricated solar cell was in the range of 0.69-0.90%.
A 1.57 GHz fully integrated very low phase noise quadrature VCO (2002)

A very low phase noise quadrature VCO is presented, featuring an inherently better figure of merit than the existing architectures. Through an improved circuit schematic and a special layout technique, the phase noise of the circuit could be lowered to stand amongst the lowest published. The circuit draws 15 mA from a 2 V supply. The phase noise is -136.5 dBc/Hz@600 kHz and the tuning range is 24% wide at a center frequency of 1.57 GHz. The figure of merit outperforms other published QVCOs.
Molecular and cellular characterization of imexon-resistant RPMI8226/I myeloma cells. (2002)

Imexon is an aziridine-containing iminopyrrolidone with selective growth-inhibitory potency for multiple myeloma. Our previous research indicates that imexon induces mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This drug represents an interesting model drug with a nonmyelosuppressive profile to study the basic mechanisms leading to antitumor activity and resistance. The major purpose of this study was to characterize an imexon-resistant RPMI8226/I cell line that was developed from RPMI8226 cells by continuous exposure to imexon. No significant differences were observed in the sensitivity to several cytotoxic drugs, including mitoxantrone, mitomycin C, melphalan, methotrexate, cytarabine, cisplatin, vincristine, and paclitaxel, in the imexon-resistant cells. However, RPMI8226/I cells were cross-resistant to arsenic trioxide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, etoposide, irinotecan, and especially IFN-alpha. The data from DNA microarray and Western blot analyses indicated that the levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and thioredoxin-2, which reside mainly in the mitochondria, are increased in RPMI8226/I cells. In addition, increased levels of lung resistance protein were detected in imexon-resistant cells. Expression of P-glycoprotein was not detected in RPMI8226/I cells. No loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species was observed in RPMI8226/I cells after exposure to imexon; however, the levels of glutathione are increased in the RPMI8226/I cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the mitochondrial morphology of RPMI8226/I cells, whereas no ultrastructural changes were observed in other cellular compartments. Imexon-resistant RPMI8226/I myeloma cells appear to have a unique mechanism of resistance that is associated with morphological alterations of mitochondria, increased protection against oxidative stress, elevated levels of glutathione, and enhanced expression of antiapoptotic mitochondrial proteins.
Stress-sensing characteristics of PLZT-based Rainbow ceramics (1997)

Rainbow ceramics of selected compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary of the PLZT system were characterized with respect to their piezoelectric properties for potential applications in stress sensing and measurement. Electrical signals induced under a steady-state point load and pressure were determined for samples having various dimensions, thickness ratios, and sizes of electroded area. It was found that the Rainbow samples exhibited a strong piezoelectric effect when they were operated in the dome mode. The corresponding effective piezoelectric coefficient could be over two orders of magnitude greater than that of the original unreduced ceramics, depending on the geometry and composition of the samples. Using a comparison method, the voltage sensitivity of the Rainbow samples was evaluated as a function of the frequency of applied pressures. The sensitivity showed a progressive decrease with increasing frequency at frequencies below approximately 5 Hz, followed by a relatively flat response zone with corresponding values around -190 dB before occurrence of the mechanical resonances. The stress distribution and induced voltage signal in a Rainbow under external loading were analysed using a finite element model. Results of this investigation indicate that Rainbow ceramics offer significant advantages over unreduced samples for stress-sensing applications involving low stress levels and frequencies.
Liver Segmentation in Living Liver Transplant Donors: Comparison of Semiautomatic and Manual Methods (2005)

Use of the semiautomatic segmentation algorithm substantially reduces the time needed for volumetric measurement of liver segments while improving both accuracy and repeatability.
Phase Change Material Heat Storage Device for Launchers and Orbiting Systems (2015)

Bellevue, Washington
Longevity of Guard Cell Chloroplasts in Falling Leaves: Implication for Stomatal Function and Cellular Aging (1982)

Guard cell chloroplasts in senescing leaves from 12 species of perennial trees and three species of annual plants survived considerably longer than their mesophyll counterparts. In Ginkgo biloba, stomata from yellow leaves opened during the day and closed at night; guard cell chloroplasts from these leaves showed fluorescence transients associated with electron transport and photophosphorylation. These findings indicate that guard cell chloroplasts are highly conserved throughout the life-span of the leaf and that leaves retain stomatal control during senescence.
Imposing Communications Network Effects into a Real-Time Simulation Environment (2006)

Since 1987 the Integrated Technology Development Laboratory (ITDL) in Seattle, WA, has been involved with supporting The Boeing Company’s defense unit in a variety of flight simulation projects. During that time the ITDL has developed a highly adaptable infrastructure of hardware, software, networks and staff to support these projects. But, the projects were for the most part tailored to providing a platform-centric environment for a single cockpit, human-in-the-loop type of simulation. Even though there could be hundreds of other “participants” in the simulation environment, there was very little interaction among them and those interactions would occur in a manner which ignored how they would take place in the “real world”. This is not an unusual characterization though and could be used to describe many similar facilities providing the same kind of support for other aerospace companies. In the last five years the ITDL has been involved in a paradigm shift with-respect-to how its simulation capabilities are configured. No longer could the focus of the simulation be a single platform and how the operator/pilot interacted with it. It had to be instead on how the platform, including the operator, interacted with many other entities, modeled at an equivalent level-of-fidelity, in a network-centric environment. In this new environment the mechanisms for these platform-to-platform interactions had to be much more reflective of the constraints imposed by communicating in the real world and not the relatively unconstrained communications occurring over a gigabit network. Therefore, one major consequence of this transformation process was recognizing the fact that the simulation environment had to include a modeling of the radio frequency communications environment. This motivated the development of a Communications Network Effects model.
Respiratory Viruses, Symptoms, and Inflammatory Markers in Acute Exacerbations and Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2001)

The effects of respiratory viral infection on the time course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation were examined by monitoring changes in systemic inflammatory markers in stable COPD and at exacerbation. Eighty-three patients with COPD (mean [SD] age, 66.6 [7.1] yr, FEV(1), 1.06 [0.61] L) recorded daily peak expiratory flow rate and any increases in respiratory symptoms. Nasal samples and blood were taken for respiratory virus detection by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serology, and plasma fibrinogen and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined at stable baseline and exacerbation. Sixty-four percent of exacerbations were associated with a cold occurring up to 18 d before exacerbation. Seventy-seven viruses (39 [58.2%] rhinoviruses) were detected in 66 (39.2%) of 168 COPD exacerbations in 53 (64%) patients. Viral exacerbations were associated with frequent exacerbators, colds with increased dyspnea, a higher total symptom count at presentation, a longer median symptom recovery period of 13 d, and a tendency toward higher plasma fibrinogen and serum IL-6 levels. Non-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) respiratory viruses were detected in 11 (16%), and RSV in 16 (23.5%), of 68 stable COPD patients, with RSV detection associated with higher inflammatory marker levels. Respiratory virus infections are associated with more severe and frequent exacerbations, and may cause chronic infection in COPD. Prevention and early treatment of viral infections may lead to a decreased exacerbation frequency and morbidity associated with COPD.
Argumentation-Relevant Metaphors in Test-Taker Essays (2013)

This article discusses metaphor annotation in a corpus of argumentative essays written by test-takers during a standardized examination for graduate school admission. The quality of argumentation being the focus of the project, we developed a metaphor annotation protocol that targets metaphors that are relevant for the writer’s arguments. The reliability of the protocol is κ=0.58, on a set of 116 essays (the total of about 30K content-word tokens). We found a moderate-to-strong correlation (r=0.51-0.57) between the percentage of metaphorically used words in an essay and the writing quality score. We also describe encouraging findings regarding the potential of metaphor identification to contribute to automated scoring of essays. 1
G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2016)

Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype.
NIF optical materials and fabrication technologies: an overview (2004)

The high-energy/high-power section of the NIF laser system contains 7360 meter-scale optics. Advanced optical materials and fabrication technologies needed to manufacture the NIF optics have been developed and put into production at key vendor sites. Production rates are up to 20 times faster and per-optic costs 5 times lower than could be achieved prior to the NIF. In addition, the optics manufactured for NIF are better than specification giving laser performance better than the design. A suite of custom metrology tools have been designed, built and installed at the vendor sites to verify compliance with NIF optical specifications. A brief description of the NIF optical wavefront specifications for the glass and crystal optics is presented. The wavefront specifications span a continuous range of spatial scale-lengths from 10 μm to 0.5 m (full aperture). We have continued our multi-year research effort to improve the lifetime (i.e. damage resistance) of bulk optical materials, finished optical surfaces and multi-layer dielectric coatings. New methods for post-processing the completed optic to improve the damage resistance have been developed and made operational. This includes laser conditioning of coatings, glass surfaces and bulk KDP and DKDP and well as raster and full aperture defect mapping systems. Research on damage mechanisms continues to drive the development of even better optical materials.
A 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS quad-band GSM RF transceiver using an efficient LO frequency plan (2005)

This paper describes a single-chip CMOS quad-band (850/900/1800/1900 MHz) RF transceiver for GSM/GPRS applications. It is the most important design issue to maximize resource sharing and reuse in designing the multiband transceivers. In particular, reducing the number of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) required for local oscillator (LO) frequency generation is very important because the VCO and phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits occupy a relatively large area. We propose a quad-band GSM transceiver architecture that employs a direct conversion receiver and an offset PLL transmitter, which requires only one VCO/PLL to generate LO signals by using an efficient LO frequency plan. In the receive path, four separate LNAs are used for each band, and two down-conversion mixers are used, one for the low bands (850/900 MHz) and the other for the high bands (1800/1900 MHz). A receiver baseband circuit is shared for all four bands because all of their channel spaces are the same. In the transmit path, most of the building blocks of the offset PLL, including a TX VCO and IF filters, are integrated. The quad-band GSM transceiver that was implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology has a size of 3.3/spl times/3.2 mm/sup 2/, including its pad area. From the experimental results, we found that the receiver provides a maximum noise figure of 2.9 dB and a minimum IIP3 of -13.2dBm for the EGSM 900 band. The transmitter shows an rms phase error of 1.4/spl deg/ and meets the GSM spectral mask specification. The prototype chip consumes 56 and 58 mA at 2.8 V in the RX and TX modes, respectively.
Toward a Unified Mechanism for Oxoammonium Salt-Mediated Oxidation Reactions: A Theoretical and Experimental Study Using a Hydride Transfer Model (2015)

A range of oxoammonium salt-based oxidation reactions have been explored computationally using density functional theory (DFT), and the results have been correlated with experimentally derived trends in reactivity. Mechanistically, most reactions involve a formal hydride transfer from an activated C-H bond to the oxygen atom of the oxoammonium cation. Several new potential modes of reactivity have been uncovered and validated experimentally.
Statistical synthesis of facial expressions for the portrayal of emotion (2004)

This paper presents a novel technique for the generation of 'video textures' to display human emotion. This is achieved by a method which uses existing video footage to synthesise new sequences of coherent facial expression and head motions.An 'expression space' which is defined by sets of emotion models is constructed using principal components analysis (PCA) and the application of an auto-regressive process (ARP). Using this expression space a tool has been developed which enables this space to be navigated, and to view new video sequences generated from it. This tool provides an intuitive interface, which allows a nonspecialist user easy traversal of the highly dimensional expression space and enables them to select an emotion and automatically generate new facial expression sequences.
Apolipoprotein AI mimetic peptides: possible new agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (2007)

There is increasing evidence that therapeutic agents for raising HDL would be a useful addition to the current treatment approach for preventing coronary heart disease (CHD), especially considering the fact that therapies for lowering LDLs are not fully adequate for preventing CHD. The recent unraveling of some of the complexities of HDL metabolism has led to the identification of new key proteins involved in HDL metabolism, thus giving new hope and ideas for drug targets. This review focuses on apolipoprotein AI mimetic peptides, which are currently being explored as therapeutic agents for a new treatment strategy known as acute HDL therapy.