gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion. Part II (1946)

Abstract This and a previous article (p. 127) review the literature from 1910‐1945 on polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion, and present a number of new measurements not published to date. The subject is considered mainly from the point of view of scientific information on the mechanism of polymerization in aqueous suspensions and emulsions, but brief mention is also made of the more important disclosures in the patent literature. The new data presented in this article refer to (1) initial rates of polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acelate and acrylonitrile in aqueous suspensions and in soap emulsions as a function of catalyst concentration, temperature, and soap concentration; (2) influence of water‐soluble activators, such as sodium bisulfite; (3) influence of initial size of monomer droplets on initial rates of monomer consumption; (4) study, with the aid of the electron microscope, of size of monomer droplets and polymer particles throughout polymerization; and (5) a few experiments on side reactions in the domain of higher conversions. No attempt is made in this paper to review and appraise the very large number of recent patents (from about 1930 on), which protect special procedures on the use of various promoting, regulating, or modifying ingredients. A complete digest of this practice does not exist at present, but reference may be made to the excellent chapter on emulsion polymerization in the book of Talalay and Magat, to the very valuable compilation of patents by Hoseh, and to the enumeration of a selected number of patents in the book of Scheiber. 1
Genetic Evidence for High-Altitude Adaptation in Tibet (2010)

Tibetans have lived at very high altitudes for thousands of years, and they have a distinctive suite of physiological traits that enable them to tolerate environmental hypoxia. These phenotypes are clearly the result of adaptation to this environment, but their genetic basis remains unknown. We report genome-wide scans that reveal positive selection in several regions that contain genes whose products are likely involved in high-altitude adaptation. Positively selected haplotypes of EGLN1 and PPARA were significantly associated with the decreased hemoglobin phenotype that is unique to this highland population. Identification of these genes provides support for previously hypothesized mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation and illuminates the complexity of hypoxia-response pathways in humans.
Drugs II (1986)

Journal Article Drugs II Get access Edward Smith Edward Smith Food and Drug Administration, Division of Drug Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 69, Issue 2, 1 March 1986, Pages 229–230, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.2.229a Published: 15 February 2020
The use of latex rubber‐modified polystyrene as a model system for HIPS: Effect of particle size (1993)

Abstract The effect of particle size in high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) is difficult to determine because of a size polydispersity and changes in particle morphology during the HIPS synthesis process. In this study, poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) rubber core/polystyrene shell particles were made by emulsion polymerization methods such that the only difference was in particle diameter, which ranged from 0.4 to 6.2 μm. The latexes were subsequently incorporated into a polystyrene matrix to form a toughened composite that acted as a simple model for HIPS. Charpy impact energies (notched and unnotched) of the composites showed that there was no toughening for particle sizes less than 2μm in diameter. The optimal impact energy was obtained with particle diameters in the region of 2–3 μm at 8 wt % rubber loading. The results imply that craze stabilization is the most important aspect of the toughening process. A simple toughening model based on the crack opening displacement of craze breakdown between adjacent rubber particles is suggested, with interparticle distance as the most important variable. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictability of Music Descriptor Time Series and its Application to Cover Song Detection (2011)

Intuitively, music has both predictable and unpredictable components. In this paper, we assess this qualitative statement in a quantitative way using common time series models fitted to state-of-the-art music descriptors. These descriptors cover different musical facets and are extracted from a large collection of real audio recordings comprising a variety of musical genres. Our findings show that music descriptor time series exhibit a certain predictability not only for short time intervals, but also for mid-term and relatively long intervals. This fact is observed independently of the descriptor, musical facet and time series model we consider. Moreover, we show that our findings are not only of theoretical relevance but can also have practical impact. To this end we demonstrate that music predictability at relatively long time intervals can be exploited in a real-world application, namely the automatic identification of cover songs (i.e., different renditions or versions of the same musical piece). Importantly, this prediction strategy yields a parameter-free approach for cover song identification that is substantially faster, allows for reduced computational storage and still maintains highly competitive accuracies when compared to state-of-the-art systems.
<i>Dynamics of Josephson Junctions and Circuits</i> (1988)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Konstantin K. Likharev, James Lukens; Dynamics of Josephson Junctions and Circuits. Physics Today 1 November 1988; 41 (11): 122. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2811641 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Evaluating Textiles and Apparel for Controlling Contamination in Cleanrooms (1992)

Fabrics used in cleanroom garments must have certain characteristics. First, the fabric should not release particles into the environment; second, the fabric should contain particles shed by the body yet still be comfortable to the wearer; and third, the cost of the fabric should be as low as possible. A test method developed to evaluate some of the factors influencing the first of these characteristics is described. The number of particles generated and released from fabrics as a result of flex abrasion was measured. The flexing action was provided by a Gelbo Flex Tester which simulates to some extent the type of motion which takes place on a sleeve bent repeatedly at the elbow. The fabric sample held in the flexing portion of the tester was enclosed in an acrylic housing, and the entire system was placed in a class 10 clean air work station. The housing was then purged of ambient air before starting fabric flexing. A number of woven and nonwoven cleanroom fabrics were evaluated by counting the number of particles generated as a function of time with two aerosol particle counters. Testing to date has shown that a woven men's suiting fabric generates approximately five times as many particles as woven cleanroom fabrics. A single ply of cotton gauze generates about 20 times as many and four plies generate approximately 50 times as many particles as a typical woven cleanroom fabric.
Characterization of the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal DALDA peptides following bolus intrathecal delivery (2018)

Background and aims We systematically characterized the potency and side effect profile of a series of small opioid peptides with high affinity for the mu opioid receptor. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared with intrathecal (IT) catheters, assessed with hind paw thermal escape and evaluated for side effects including Straub tail, truncal rigidity, and pinnae and corneal reflexes. In these studies, DMT-DALDA (dDAL) (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 MW=981), dDALc (H-Dmt-Cit-Phe-Lys-NH2 MW=868), dDALcn (H-Dmt-D-Cit-Phe-Nle-NH2 MW=739), TAPP (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Phe-NH2 MW=659), dDAL-TICP ([Dmt1]DALDA-(CH2)2-NH-TICP[psi]; MW=1519), and dDAL-TIPP (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys(Nε-TIPP)-NH2 were examined. In separate studies, the effects of approximately equiactive doses of IT DMT DALDA (10 pmol), morphine (30 nmol) and fentanyl (1 nmol) were examined on formalin-induced flinching at different pretreatment intervals (15 min - 24 h). Results (1) All agents resulted in a dose-dependent reversible effect upon motor function (Straub Tail>Truncal rigidity). (2) The ordering of analgesic activity (%MPE) at the highest dose lacking reliable motor signs after bolus delivery was: DMT-DALDA (80%±6/3 pmol); dDALc (75%±8/1 pmol); dDALcn (84%±10/300 pmol); TAPP (56%±12/10 nmol); dDAL-TICP (52%±27/300 pmol). (3) All analgesic effects were reversed by systemic (IP) naloxone (1 mg/kg). Naltrindole (3 mg/kg, IP) had no significant effect upon the maximum usable peptide dose. (4) Tolerance and cross-tolerance development after 5 daily boluses of DMT-DALDA (3 pmol) and morphine (30 nmol) revealed that both agents displayed a progressive decline over 5 days. (5) Cross-tolerance assessed at day 5 revealed a reduction in response to morphine in DMT-DALDA treated animal but not DMT-DALDA in the morphine treated animal, indicating an asymmetric cross-tolerance. (6) IT DMT-DALDA, morphine and fentanyl resulted in significant reductions in phase 1 and phase 2 flinching. With a 15 min pretreatment all drugs resulted in comparable reductions in flinching. However, at 6 h, the reduction in flinching after DMT-DALDA and morphine were comparably reduced while fentanyl was not different from vehicle. All effects on flinching were lost by 24 h. Conclusions These results emphasize the potent mu agonist properties of the DALDA peptidic structure series, their persistence similar to morphine and their propensity to produce tolerance. The asymmetric cross-tolerance between equiactive doses may reflect the relative intrinsic activity of morphine and DMT-DALDA. Implications These results suggest that the DALDA peptides with their potency and duration of action after intrathecal delivery suggest their potential utility for their further development as a spinal therapeutic to manage pain.
The Grand Tour: A Tool for Viewing Multidimensional Data (1985)

The grand tour is a method for viewing multivariate statistical data via orthogonal projections onto a sequence of two-dimensional subspaces. The sequence of subspaces is chosen so that it is dense in the set of all two-dimensional subspaces. Desirable properties of such sequences of subspaces are considered, and several specific types of sequences are tested for rapidity of becoming dense. Tabulations are provided of the minimum length of a grand tour sequence necessary to achieve various degrees of denseness in dimensions up to 20.
A Product Recommendation Algorithm Based on Knapsack Optimization (2012)

Personalized Recommender System becomes an important research field in Electronic Commerce, and the main goal of current recommendation models is provide Best-Service to users. But, from enterprise’s viewpoint, the Max-Earning strategy is necessary to improve the benefit of enterprise. To solving this problem, knapsack model is applied to describe the commonly used Top-N recommend mechanism firstly. Then, the enterprise’s earnings are described as a constraint in knapsack model, a product recommended algorithm is proposed at the basis of optimization of knapsack problem. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has similar performance with CF model when earning requirement and amount of recommended products is lower. So, both user’s value and enterprise’s value are improved through the proposed
Low power operating bipolar TMO ReRAM for sub 10 nm era (2010)

The bottle neck of ReRAM (Resistive RAM) for post-NAND storage application is high operational current. Herein, we report a method to acquire low operational currents from a hetero structure ReRAM (AlOx/TiOx). The mechanism study of the hetero structure ReRAM reveals that the AlOx layer as a tunnel barrier is critical for switching, and thus switching parameters are governed by the properties of the AlOx layer. By tuning tunnel oxide properties along with adopting 5 nm sized “Dash BE”, operational currents of ≤10 μA have been achieved from this hetero structure device.
Spatial Outsourcing forLocation-based Services (2008)

Theembedding ofpositioning capabilities inmobile devices andtheemergence oflocation-based applications have created novelopportunities forutilizing several types ofmulti- dimensional datathrough spatial outsourcing. Inthis setting, a dataowner(DO)delegates itsdatamanagement taskstoa location-based service (LBS)thatprocesses queries originating fromseveral clients/ subscribers. Because theLBSisnotthereal ownerofthedata, itmustprove(toeachclient) thecorrectness ofqueryoutput using anauthenticated structure signed bythe DO. Currently thereisverynarrowselection ofmulti- dimensional authenticated structures, amongwhichtheVR-tree isthebestchoice. Ourfirst contribution istheMR-tree, anovel index suitable forspatial outsourcing. We show,analytically and experimentally, thattheMR-treeoutperforms theVR-tree, usually byordersofmagnitude, onallperformance metrics, including construction cost, indexsize, queryandverification overhead. Motivated bythefactthatsuccessive queries bythe same mobileclient exhibit locality, we alsoproposea synchronized caching technique thatutilizes theresults of previous queries toreduce thesize oftheadditional information senttotheclient forverification purposes.
ICEC0942, an Orally Bioavailable Selective Inhibitor of CDK7 for Cancer Treatment (2018)

Recent reports indicate that some cancer types are especially sensitive to transcription inhibition, suggesting that targeting the transcriptional machinery provides new approaches to cancer treatment. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)7 is necessary for transcription, and acts by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (PolII) to enable transcription initiation. CDK7 additionally regulates the activities of a number of transcription factors, including estrogen receptor (ER)-α. Here we describe a new, orally bioavailable CDK7 inhibitor, ICEC0942. It selectively inhibits CDK7, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 40 nmol/L; IC<sub>50</sub> values for CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, and CDK9 were 45-, 15-, 230-, and 30-fold higher. <i>In vitro</i> studies show that a wide range of cancer types are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition with GI<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 0.2 and 0.3 μmol/L. In xenografts of both breast and colorectal cancers, the drug has substantial antitumor effects. In addition, combination therapy with tamoxifen showed complete growth arrest of ER-positive tumor xenografts. Our findings reveal that CDK7 inhibition provides a new approach, especially for ER-positive breast cancer and identify ICEC0942 as a prototype drug with potential utility as a single agent or in combination with hormone therapies for breast cancer. ICEC0942 may also be effective in other cancers that display characteristics of transcription factor addiction, such as acute leukaemia and small-cell lung cancer. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1156-66. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Engineered tribological composites the art of friction material development (2012)

This book is a thorough presentation of engineered tribological composites. It begins with the work on brakes by Frood in the early 1900s and friction studies by daVinci in the 1400s. From there, details about the processes of wear and the components of tribological systems are presented. Methods of manufacturing friction materials are described, and the elements of friction material are detailed. A large portion of the book delves into materials for binders, resins, fibers, abrasives, lubricants, and fillers, providing background on the various materials, their pros and cons, and numerous ways they can be applied to friction systems. Much of this discussion focuses on the compositional makeup and effects of ingredients as they relate to the wear and friction performance of the final product. The book offers a background about tribology, as well as matrices, fibers and additives that make up engineered tribological composites. It covers how manufacturing affects these composites, along with how friction and wear affect those materials. The book provides readers with a better understanding of which materials provide the optimum balance of cost, friction and wear for various applications.
What law determines the money of payment? Exploring a recent contribution to South African conflict of laws (2001)

The problem discussed in this article is essentially one of 'where to draw the line' between conflicting legal rules on money of payment issues. In deciding where such line lies, there is some merit in maintaining a distinction between contractual and non-contractual obligations. In the case of contractual obligations, the identity of the place of payment and the rate at which conversion must be effected should lie on the side of the lex causae, on the assumption that a decision on these matters goes to the substance of the obligation. As regards the right/duty to pay in local currency, the answer is less clear. This too, should as a point of departure be governed by the lex causae, as this gives better effect to the principle of the proper law of the contract. The courts, however, should have a discretion to have regard to the lex loci solutionis and apply such law in the interests of justice and fairness between the contracting parties. In the case of non-contractual obligations, it seems more fruitful to distinguish between the lex causae and the lex fori, with most money of payment issues being determined or governed by the lex fori.
Integrative analysis of the transcriptome profiles observed in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus reveals the role of inflammation (2014)

This is the first module map study to show the influence of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, immunopathogenic and treatment features on the transcription profiles of T1D, T2D and GDM patients.
Voluntary Export Restraints, Export Quota Rationing and Allocative Efficiency (2001)

This research investigates aspects of economic inefficiencies that would entail from the implementation of quantitative controls on exports. The research highlights the importance of employing optimal mode of export-quota rationing system among exporters. The paper analyzes currently operating export quota allocation system and investigates underlying rationale which supports vested interests of the incumbent exporters. A three-commodity open economy model is introduced to build system structure by which to incorporate attributes of resource allocation restrained by the export volume constraints dictates in VER regime. Steps of workout on the general equilibrium model unveil that fundamental determinants of economic inefficiency and resource wastes turn out to be the inability to use competitive market process in export quota rationing. Turnouts of the research underlines the importance of modes of quota rationing system to eradicate room for inertia building or rent-seeking. It is recommended that free trading of export quota regardless of types of quota or identity of quota holder. In sum, revealed shadow price of export quota could be properly evaluated in the market if free trading of export quota is allowed. Optimal resource allocation of the economy is attained as outgrowth of competitive market process.
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress (2011)

The psychology of extinction has been studied for decades. Approximately 10 years ago, however, there began a concerted effort to understand the neural circuits of extinction of fear conditioning, in both animals and humans. Progress during this period has been facilitated by a high degree of coordination between rodent and human researchers examining fear extinction. Here we review the major advances and highlight new approaches to understanding and exploiting fear extinction. Research in fear extinction could serve as a model for translational research in other areas of behavioral neuroscience.
Integrated micro<scp>RNA</scp> and gene expression profiling reveals the crucial mi<scp>RNA</scp>s in curcumin anti‐lung cancer cell invasion (2017)

Our findings provide new insights into the anti-metastasis mechanism of curcumin in lung cancer.
Partially Oxidized Asphaltene as a Bitumen Viscosity Reducer (2017)

Heavy oil/bitumen with asphaltene requires high energy consumption for transportation, because of its high viscosity. This often causes serious pipeline problems; therefore, it is necessary to reduce the viscosity to resolve these issues. In this paper, we propose a new simple method to reduce the viscosity of diluted bitumen using partially oxidized asphaltene without removing asphaltene. This partially oxidized asphaltene, modified by exposing asphaltene to ozone, has a strong affinity to nonoxidized asphaltene via π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and acid–base interaction. The added oxidized asphaltene thus facilitated the agglomeration of asphaltene, so that the hydrophilic part can be hidden, and a small amount (1250 ppm) decreased the viscosity of diluted bitumen by up to 45%. We investigated the change in rheological properties of the diluted bitumen for various oxidized fractions of asphaltene and for various fractions of oxidized asphaltene to asphaltene. We showed that the decreased shear viscosity is likely to originate with the increased particle size of the asphaltene, that is, not the change in interactions between the asphaltene particles, but rather from their nonuniform distribution in size.
A global SAW ID tag with large data capacity (2003)

The Global SAW Tag uses a recently-invented digital modulation based on simultaneous time position and phase shifting. A unique feature of this tag is that it satisfies global RFID requirements using the international 2.44 GHz ISM band. Precision amplitude and phase weighting of reflectors and accurate control of parasitic effects is critical to implementing this device. This tag has significantly more data bits, lower insertion loss, and smaller die area (i.e. lower cost) than previous SAW tags. These improvements eliminate the shortcomings that have previously limited the market for SAW RFID (radio frequency identification). A 2.44 GHz fundamental mode tag on 128/spl deg/ LiNbO/sub 3/ with 64-bit data capacity plus 16-bit error detection coding is described.
I would sooner not call them Bradshaws (1998)

The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that the rock art known as the Bradshaws was the direct and discrete result of migration from outside Australia. A visual analysis and a statistical analysis of 2230 rock art images of people was conducted in order to identify any rock art that could be related to the Bradshaws. Sixty sites were sampled from an area surrounding the Indian Ocean. No overseas rock art was found to be similar to the Bradshaw figures. The visual analysis disclosed that many images from Arnhem Land rock art shared multiple likenesses to the Bradshaws, and the statistical analysis placed Arnhem Land as the Bradshaws' nearest neighbour. It was argued that this result was the most likely and feasible model and that there is insufficient evidence to support the contention that the Bradshaws were produced by a migration of people from overseas. There is no evidence in support of the argument that the Bradshaw figures are not part of Australian Aboriginal heritage.