gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reaching movements of patients with Parkinson's disease under self- determined maximal speed and visually cued conditions (1998)

Two-dimensional kinematic analysis was performed of the reaching movements that six subjects with Parkinson's disease and six healthy subjects produced under self-determined maximal speed and visually cued conditions. Subjects were required to reach as fast as possible to grasp a ball (i) that was fixed stationary in the centre of a designated contact zone on an inclined ramp (self-determined maximal speed condition), or (ii) that rolled rapidly from left to right down the incline and into the contact zone (visually cued condition). Parkinson's disease subjects displayed bradykinesia when performing maximal speed reaches to the stationary ball, but not when they reached for the moving ball. In response to the external driving stimulus of the moving ball, Parkinson's disease subjects showed the ability to exceed their self-determined maximal speed of reaching and still maintain a movement accuracy that was comparable to that of healthy subjects. Thus, the bradykinesia of Parkinson's disease subjects did not seem to be the result of a basic deficit in their force production capacity or to be a compensatory mechanism for poor movement accuracy. Instead, bradykinesia appeared to result from the inability of Parkinson's disease subjects to maximize their movement speed when required to internally drive their motor output. The occasional failure of Parkinson's disease subjects to successfully grasp the moving ball suggested errors of coincident anticipation and impairments in grasp performance rather than limitations in the speed or accuracy of their reaches. These results are discussed in relation to the notion that the motor circuits of the basal ganglia play an important role in the modulation of internally regulated movements.
Dual-period self-refresh scheme for low-power DRAM's with on-chip PROM mode register (1998)

A dual-period self-refresh (DPS-refresh) scheme for low-power DRAM's is proposed. Word lines are classified into two groups according to retention test data which are stored in a PROM mode register implemented in the chip periphery. The word lines are controlled individually by combining the memory-mat-select signal and the classification signal from the PROM register. The effective refresh period can be extended by four to six times compared to the conventional self-refresh period. Data-retention current of a 64-Mb DRAM test chip featuring the proposed DPS-refresh scheme is reduced to half the conventional self-refresh current without considerable area penalty.
A local technique for contrast preserving medical image enhancement (2014)

This paper presents a method for contrast enhancement of medical images with preserving the local image details. The proposed method incorporates CLAHE and local image contrast preserving dynamic range compression. The method controls the amplification while preserving the local contrast of the image. The range of the gain parameter for local contrast enhancement varies from one image to another. The local contrast enhancement at any pixel position depends on the corresponding pixel neighborhood edge density. We have performed several experiments based on different image quality measures. Our proposed method provides more information about the image detail which affects the medical diagnosis. The experimental results by different image quality measures show that the output image quality of our proposed method is better than the CLAHE output.
Proteomic analysis of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease identifies GAPDH as a detergent‐insoluble paired helical filament tau binding protein (2005)

ABSTRACT We performed proteomic analysis of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) obtained by laser capture microdissection from pyramidal neurons in hippocampal sector CA1 in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using liquid chromatography (LC)‐mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. We discovered a total of 155 proteins in laser captured NFT's, 72 of which were identified by multiple unique peptides. Of these 72 proteins, 63 had previously unknown association with NFTs; one of these was glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We validated by immunohistochemistry that GAPDH colocalized with the majority of NFTs as well as plaque‐like structures in AD brain and was co‐immunoprecipitated by antibodies to abnormal forms of tau in AD, but not tau from AD temporal cortex. Characterization of GAPDH showed that it, along with phosphorylated tau and Aβ peptides, was present in detergent‐insoluble fractions from AD temporal cortex but not from age‐matched controls. These data are the first proteomic investigation of NFTs. Moreover, our results validate this approach by demonstrating that GAPDH, a glycolytic and microtubule binding protein, not only co‐localized to NFTs and immunoprecipitated with PHF‐tau, but also is one of the few proteins known to undergo conversion to a detergent‐insoluble form in AD.
Characterization of low energy SIMOX (LES) structures (2002)

Formation of ultra-thin SOI material using the SIMOX process is addressed. Research has been carried out to determine the effect of total dose, dose step, dose rate, implantation temperature, and energy on the formation of ultra-thin SIMOX material. Attempts were made to determine the lowest energy possible for the implantation of oxygen which results in the formation of high quality, thin SIMOX material. All samples were annealed at 1300 degrees C for 6 h in N/sub 2/ and analyzed using a variety of techniques, including TEM. The electrical properties of the LES samples were characterized and compared with those of standard SIMOX samples. An empirical curve of voltage breakdown versus oxide thickness for both LES and standard SIMOX samples was developed. The results show the formation of high quality SOI structures by oxygen implantation at 20-80 keV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chelating diphosphite complexes of nickel(0) and platinum(0): their remarkable stability and hydrocyanation activity (1991)

The synthesis, stability and hydrocyanation catalytic activity of nickel(0) complexes of the diphosphite 1 derived from 2,2′-biphenol are described; the X-ray crystal structures of the ligand 1 and its platinum(0) complex 2b are reported.
THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS ON SERUM ALBUMIN, TRANSFERRIN AND HAEMOGLOBIN IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2002)

SUMMARY In the present study, the effects of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin on serum albumin, transferrin and haemoglobin (Hb) were assessed to investigate the relationship between inflammation, hypoalbuminaemia and anaemia in haemodialysis patients. A total of 117 patients who were followed at three haemodialysis units in Kocaeli were enrolled. The mean age was 47.83 ± 16.85 years. The median time on dialysis was 26 (minimum 1, maximum 209) months. Serum CRR albumin and ferritin concentrations were measured in our laboratory and transferrin, urea reduction ratio (URR) and KW were calculated. There was significant inverse correlation between serum CRP level and albumin (p<0.001), serum CRP and Hb (p<0.001), and serum transferrin and ferritin (p<0.05). There was significant positive correlation between serum albumin and Hb (p<0.001), serum CRP and ferritin (p<0.05), and transferrin and URR (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that inflammation is a contributor in the development of hypoalbuminaemia and anaemia in haemodialysis patients as well as malnutrition and inadequate dialysis.
Regulation of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse androgen receptor gene by cAMP and androgen. (1993)

Both androgens and cAMP-mediated hormones are known to regulate expression of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. In order to determine whether these effects occur at the transcriptional level, transfection studies were conducted with a 1.5-kilobase fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse AR gene coupled to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. We demonstrated that the cAMP pathway regulates expression of the mouse AR (mAR) 5'-CAT construct in mouse pituitary (alpha T3-1), rat pituitary (GC), and quail fibroblast (QT6) cell lines. Deletional analysis indicated that several areas of this clone, including a region containing a putative cAMP response element (CRE), are involved in mediating cAMP regulation of the AR gene. Oligonucleotides containing a putative CRE, linked to the thymidine kinase promoter of pBLCAT2, conferred increased forskolin induction of CAT activity. Furthermore, overexpression of a CRE binding protein up-regulated expression of the mAR 5'-CAT constructs. Bandshift data demonstrated that the putative CRE forms specific, competable complexes with nuclear proteins from alpha T3-1 and QT6 cells. Additional experiments indicated that AR can modulate both basal and forskolin-induced CAT activity in an androgen-dependent fashion. These data provide evidence that the 5'-flanking region of the mAR gene contains sequences which mediate the effects of both cAMP and androgens.
Miniaturized high-temperature superconductor microstrip patch antenna (1991)

Experimental as well as computational results are presented for 2.4 GHz microstrip antennas which are miniaturized (total length, 6 mm) by both a new, stepped impedance patch shape and a relatively high substrate permittivity. The antennas investigated were fabricated from YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / thin films epitaxially grown on single-crystalline LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed excimer laser ablation or by high-pressure oxygen DC sputtering and, for comparison, from copper on the same substrate material. It is shown that the radiation efficiency of this antenna structure is only about 1% to 6% for copper at 77 K but is increased to values between 35% and 65% for HTS films. From experimental investigations of the power dependence of the antenna gain at 77 K, nonlinearities, especially a sharp drop at a current density of about 2*10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, were observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Role of the N–N$^{+}$ Junction Doping Profile of a PIN Diode on Its Turn-Off Transient Behavior (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper focuses on the role of the N–N<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$^{+}$</tex></formula> junction doping profile model of a PiN diode on its turn-off transient and, particularly, the influence of multiple epitaxies in the N–N<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{+}$</tex></formula> profile. A conventional doping profile model has been used in a previous work and an identification procedure for the main design parameters has been demonstrated. However the validity range of identified PiN-diode models appeared quite limited for hard current and voltage conditions. Readers have asked for the effect of a more advanced doping profile. The turn-off transient of an STTB506D device is considered from experimental and simulation point-of-view inside a fully characterized switching cell. A limitation of the conventional doping profile model is demonstrated and explained physically in order to introduce the necessity of a more complex doping profile. An advanced doping profile is then considered and a comparative study between experimental and simulated turn-off transient behavior of the device is established. </para>
Novel Derivatives of 1,3-Dimethyl-5-methylenebarbituric Acid (2009)

The ability of the pyridinium adduct of 1,3-dimethyl-5-methylenebarbituric acid (2) to undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction has been examined. Various types of nucleophiles, including cyanide, barbiturate, sulfide anions and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane substitute the pyridinium fragment in 2 leading to synthesis of new organic derivatives. Keywords: 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione (1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid), zwitterionic pyridinium adduct, nucleophilic substitution reaction
Permutation layout with arbitrary between-pins capacities (2002)

The permutation layout problem is considered under the constraints that no wire pass in the area above the upper line, no wire cross the lower line more than once, and the number of wires passing between two adjacent pins on the lower line not be greater than a given nonnegative number for each such pair. It is shown that a solution can be found in O(n/sup 2/) time by dynamic programming, where n is the number of nets to be realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photometric Determination of Traces of Metals (1978)

Introductory Notes Aluminium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Calcium Cerium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Gold Indium Iridium Iron The Lanthanoids Lead Lithium Index.
Scalable memory fabric for silicon interposer-based multi-core systems (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration is considered as a solution to overcome capacity, bandwidth, and performance limitations of memories. However, due to thermal challenges and cost issues, industry embraced 2.5D implementation for integrating die-stacked memories with large-scale designs, which is enabled by silicon interposer technology that integrates processors and multiple modules of 3D-stacked memories in the same package. Previous work has adopted Network-on-Chip (NoC) concepts for the communication fabric of 3D designs, but the design of a scalable processor-memory interconnect for 2.5D integration remains elusive. Therefore, in this work, we first explore different network topologies for integrating CPUs and memories in a silicon interposer-based multi-core system and reveal that simple point-to-point connections cannot reach the full potential of the memory performance due to bandwidth limitations, especially as more and more memory modules are needed to enable emerging applications with high memory capacity and bandwidth demand, such as in-memory computing. To overcome this scaling problem, we propose a memory network design to directly connect all the memory modules, utilizing the existing routing resource of silicon interposers in 2.5D designs. Observing the unique network traffic in our design, we present a design space exploration that evaluates network topologies and routing algorithms, taking process node and interposer technology design decisions into account. We implement an event-driven simulator to evaluate our proposed memory network in silicon interposer (MemNiSI) design with synthetic traffic as well as real in-memory computing workloads. Our experimental results show that compared to baseline designs, MemNiSI topology reduces the average packet latency by up to 15.3% and Choose Fastest Path (CFP) algorithm further reduces by up to 8.0%. Our scheme can utilize the potential of integrated stacked memory effectively while providing better scalability and infrastructure for large-scale silicon interposer-based 2.5D designs.
OpenSlide: A vendor-neutral software foundation for digital pathology (2013)

Although widely touted as a replacement for glass slides and microscopes in pathology, digital slides present major challenges in data storage, transmission, processing and interoperability. Since no universal data format is in widespread use for these images today, each vendor defines its own proprietary data formats, analysis tools, viewers and software libraries. This creates issues not only for pathologists, but also for interoperability. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of OpenSlide, a vendor-neutral C library for reading and manipulating digital slides of diverse vendor formats. The library is extensible and easily interfaced to various programming languages. An application written to the OpenSlide interface can transparently handle multiple vendor formats. OpenSlide is in use today by many academic and industrial organizations world-wide, including many research sites in the United States that are funded by the National Institutes of Health.
From Calcium to NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Neurons (2003)

NF-kappa B plays crucial roles in the nervous system, including potential roles in long-term responses to synaptic plasticity, pro- or antiapoptotic effects during developmental cell death, and neurodegenerative disorders. We report here the characterization of signaling pathways leading to the constitutive activation of NF-kappa B in primary cultures of neonatal cerebellar granule neurons, consecutive to calcium entry into the cytosol. We found that opening of calcium channels at the plasma membrane and at intracellular stores is indispensable for the basal NF-kappa B activity. We demonstrated further that three cellular sensors of the cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, calmodulin, protein kinases C (PKCs), and the p21(ras)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway are simultaneously involved in the steps linking the Ca(2+) second messenger to NF-kappa B activity. Calmodulin triggers the activity of calcineurin, a phosphatase which plays a role in the basal NF-kappa B activity, while stimulation of both the calmodulin kinase II and Akt kinase pathways results in the up-regulation of the transcriptional potential of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. Finally, using pharmacological and molecular approaches, we analyze interactions between these three pathways at different levels and demonstrate a connection between PKCs and PI3K. All three components converge towards NF-kappa B, at the level of both nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. These results stand in contrast to the situation in nonneuronal cells, which either do not respond to Ca(2+) or do not simultaneously activate all three cascades. By using a global approach in studying signaling pathways in neurons, these results provide further evidence to validate the concept of networks of transducing cascades, specific to cells and to physiological situations.
In situ tracing of atom migration in Pt/NiPt hollow spheres during catalysis of CO oxidation (2014)

NiPt hollow spheres decorated by Pt nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile wet chemical route through galvanic replacement. In situ STEM imaging and 3D reconstruction were performed to evidence the migration of Pt atoms during catalysis of CO oxidation, providing a practical insight into the structural stability of bimetallic catalysts.
Deriving protein-protein interactions of dengue from literature by using automatic content extraction features (2015)

Dengue Fever is one of the most severe diseases spread throughout the tropics. However, due to the immunity response elicited among the serotypes of dengue virus, it is very difficult to develop vaccines to protect human from dengue infections. However, with the advancement in technology, researchers have focused on the area of genetic structure to develop vaccines. This project aims to regulate Automatic Content Extraction features and uses these features to derive protein interactions and gene regulation relations through text mining. The human gene list and dengue gene list are downloaded from online genome mapping repository while the texts are retrieved from abstracts of biomedical literature. Sentences are then pre-processed for further analysis. Biological knowledge and facts on gene regulations and protein interactions are generated with optimized methods and techniques. In this project, the keyword-tag and word-relation-word features are extracted to describe the regulation relations. To investigate the performance of different feature sets, this project makes use of Stanford Natural Language Processing Tools to analyse the semantic structure of sentences. A decision tree classifier is trained to learn the extracted patterns to perform the prediction job. The accuracy based on keyword-tag and word-relation-word feature have reached 99.4%. The reason for high accuracy is that the feature sets also contain some features extracted from the testing dataset. To improve this problem, more datasets will be involved to evaluate the performance.
Labeling of individual amino acid residues in the membrane‐embedded F<sub>0</sub> part of the F<sub>1</sub> F<sub>0</sub> ATP synthase from <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1986)

Three F0 subunits and the F1 subunit beta of the ATP synthase from Neurospora crassa were labeled with the lipophilic photoactivatable reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID). In the proteolipid subunit which was the most heavily labeled polypeptide labeling was confined to five residues at the NH2-terminus and five residues at the C-terminus of the protein. Labeling occurred at similar positions compared with the homologous protein (subunit c) in the ATP synthase from Escherichia coli, indicating a similar structure of the proteolipid subunits in their respective organisms. The inhibitors oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide did not change the pattern of accessible surface residues in the proteolipid, suggesting that neither inhibitor induces gross conformational changes. However, in the presence of oligomycin, the extent of labeling in some residues was reduced. Apparently, these residues provide part of the binding site for the inhibitor. After reaction with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide an additional labeled amino acid was found at position 65 corresponding to the invariant carbodiimide-binding glutamic acid. These results and previous observations indicate that the carboxyl side chain of Glu-65 is located at the protein-lipid interphase. The idea is discussed that proton translocation occurs at the interphase between different types if F0 subunits. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or oligomycin might disturb this essential interaction between the F0 subunits.
The Performance of the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire as a Screening Survey for Contact Lens-related Dry Eye (2002)

These analyses suggest that the CLDEQ is capable of discriminating contact lens-related dry eye and is accurate in doing so, especially in comparison with McMonnies' questionnaire. The CLDEQ is an efficient screening survey and may be used in future clinical research and epidemiologic studies of contact lens-related dry eye.
Multiple Imputation in Mixture Models for Nonignorable Nonresponse with Follow-ups (1993)

Abstract One approach to inference for means or linear regression parameters when the outcome is subject to nonignorable nonresponse is mixture modeling. Mixture models assume separate parameters for respondents and nonrespondents; implementation by multiple imputation consists of repeatedly filling in missing values for nonrespondents, estimating parameters using the filled-in data, and then adjusting for variability between imputations. We evaluated the performance of this scheme using simulated data with a 25% sample of nonrespondents followed up. We conclude that it provides a generally satisfactory and robust approach to inference for means and regression parameters in this case, although a greater number of imputations may be required for good performance compared to the number required for estimation when nonresponse is ignorable. Key Words: Follow-up surveysLinear modelsMaximum likelihoodMissing values
Dexamethasone and high dose metoclopramide: efficacy in controlling cisplatin induced nausea and vomiting. (1984)

Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema Patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema may develop episodes of severe hypoxaemia with associated ventricular arrhythmias during sleep.' 2 We examined the possibility that such nocturnal abnormalities predispose such patients to sudden death.(42%) of 38 who did not), although the difference was not significant.
Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and α-synuclein accumulation in PARK2 iPSC-derived neurons and postmortem brain tissue (2012)

Thus, pathogenic changes in the brain of a PARK2 patient were recapitulated using iPSC technology. These novel findings reveal mechanistic insights into the onset of PARK2 and identify novel targets for drug screening and potential modified therapies for PD.