gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism (2018)

The human gut microbiota impacts host metabolism and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndromes. However, defining the roles of specific microbial activities and metabolites on host phenotypes has proven challenging due to the complexity of the microbiome-host ecosystem. Here, we identify strains from the abundant gut bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes that display selective bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using isogenic strains of wild-type and BSH-deleted <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i>, we selectively modulated the levels of the bile acid tauro-β-muricholic acid in monocolonized gnotobiotic mice. <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> BSH mutant-colonized mice displayed altered metabolism, including reduced weight gain and respiratory exchange ratios, as well as transcriptional changes in metabolic, circadian rhythm, and immune pathways in the gut and liver. Our results demonstrate that metabolites generated by a single microbial gene and enzymatic activity can profoundly alter host metabolism and gene expression at local and organism-level scales.
A novel <i>de novo</i> germ‐line V292M mutation in the extracellular region of RET in a patient with phaeochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma: functional characterization (2009)

Complete characterization and classification of all novel RET mutations are essential for extending genetic analysis in clinical practice. Our findings suggest that: (i) in all MEN-2 patients negative for RET hot-spot mutations, testing should be extended to all coding regions of the gene and (ii) the newly identified V292M/RET mutation is characterized by relatively weak in vitro transforming ability.
Polymorphisms of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor- 1 Gene in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, and in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy (1994)

To identify whether genotype contributes to the difference in PAI-1 levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects and whether genotype relates to the development of retinopathy, a Hind III restriction fragment length polymorphism and two dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms were studied. In 519 Caucasian diabetic subjects (192 type 1, 327 type 2) and 123 Caucasian control subjects there were no differences in the frequency of the Hind III restriction alleles (type 1 vs type 2 vs control: allele 1 0.397 vs 0.420 vs 0.448; allele 2 0.603 vs 0.580 vs 0.552) nor in the allelic frequency at either dinucleotide repeat sequence. In 86 subjects with no retinopathy at 15 years or more from diagnosis of diabetes and 190 subjects with diabetic retinopathy there was no difference in the frequency of Hind III restriction alleles (retinopathy present vs retinopathy absent: allele 1 0.400 vs 0.467; allele 2 0.600 vs 0.533) nor in the allelic frequencies at either dinucleotide repeat sequence. The results indicate that there is no or minimal influence of the PAI-1 gene on either PAI-1 levels or the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Use of Oxygen Scavengers to Stabilize Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: A Case Study (2002)

A case study is described where degradation of a solid pharmaceutical dosage form susceptible to oxidation is minimized by incorporation of an oxygen scavenger as part of the packaging. Extremely low oxygen levels are attainable within 24 hr of packaging, even with permeable high-density polyethylene bottles commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. This packaging methodology allows for a practical formulation-independent pathway for reducing or eliminating oxidative instability. In addition, this technology provides a convenient mechanistic probe for the degradation mechanism of solid dosage forms.
Studies on the nutrient uptake by the beet cyst nematode<i>Heterodera schachtii</i>by<i>in situ</i>microinjection of fluorescent probes into the feeding structures in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1994)

SUMMARY A method was developed, which enables substances to be injected into the feeding structure (syncytium) established by Heterodera schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana . The technique was used to study the uptake of nutrients by the feeding nematode. The fluorescent dye lucifer yellow CH (LYCH) and fluorescence-labelled dextrans of different molecular weights were injected into the thin and translucent roots of A. thaliana . Such roots are a feature of this plant and they provide optimal conditions for microinjection. Injected LYCH was taken up by feeding juveniles and adults, indicated by the staining of the alimentary duct and the digestive system. Fluorescent dextrans of 3, 10 and 20 kDa but not of 40 and 70 kDa were ingested, suggesting that molecules of a maximum Stokes radius of 3·2 to 4·4 nm are taken up. It is likely that the feeding tube, forming the interface between the plant cytosol and the nematode's digestive system, is responsible for this size exclusion effect. The injected fluorescent substances were not detected in plant cells adjacent to the syncytium or in the root vascular elements. Injections into parts of roots which were infested by several nematodes revealed that feeding H. schachtii individuals may share one syncytium.
Dual Blockade of EGFR and c-Met Abrogates Redundant Signaling and Proliferation in Head and Neck Carcinoma Cells (2011)

Together, these results suggest that dual blockade of c-Met and EGFR may be a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for treating HNSCC.
Engineering Abstractions in Model Checking and Testing (2009)

Abstractions are used in model checking to tackle problems like state space explosion or modeling of IO. The application of these abstractions in real software development processes, however, lacks engineering support. This is one reason why model checking is not widely used in practice yet and testing is still state of the art in falsification. We show how user-defined abstractions can be integrated into a Java PathFinder setting with tools like AspectJ or Javassist and discuss implications of remaining weaknesses of these tools. We believe that a principled engineering approach to designing and implementing abstractions will improve the applicability of model checking in practice.
Enhancement of radiative recombination in Si-based quantum wells with neighboring confinement structure (1995)

Intense photoluminescence (PL) was observed from a new class of Si-based quantum well structures (QWs), that is, neighboring confinement structure (NCS). NCS consists of a single pair of tensile-strained-Si layer and a compressive-strained Si1−yGey layer sandwiched by completely relaxed Si1−xGex ( layers. In spite of the indirect band structure in real and k spaces, radiative recombination was enhanced compared with not only type-II strained-Si/relaxed-Si1−xGex QWs but also type-I strained-Si1−yGey/relaxed-Si1−xGex QWs. PL without phonon participation was found to dominate the spectrum possibly due to the effective carrier confinement for both electrons and holes. Quantum confinement effect was clearly observed by varying the well width, showing that the expected band alignment is realized.
Cluster-Based Dynamic DL/UL Reconfiguration Method in Centralized RAN TDD with Dense Deployment of Remote Radio Units (2013)

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel cluster-based dynamic downlink/uplink reconfiguration method in centralized TDD networks with dense deployment of remote radio units. All cells of interest are first divided into disjoint cell clusters with adequate geographical isolations. Cells within the same cluster would be allocated the same downlink/uplink configuration to avoid the cross-subframe co-channel interference. Transmission directions in cells belonging to different clusters could be different in a subframe by selecting different downlink/uplink configurations freely, in order to achieve the benefits of traffic adaptation. The central control units of the network optimize and reconfigure the downlink/uplink allocations on the basis of cell cluster. The optimization/reconfiguration accounts for both the traffic condition and the capability of cells, transmission directions and users in handling traffic demands. System level simulation results are provided, from which, the effectiveness of our proposed scheme is validated in terms of the cell- average and cell-edge packet throughput performances in both downlink and uplink directions.
Digital data transmission over voice channels (1982)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
495. Steric effects in di- and tri-arylmethanes. Part VIII. Electronic absorption spectra of planar derivatives of Michler's Hydrol Blue (1963)

C. Aaron and C. C. Barker, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2655 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630002655
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters (2005)

Stable dinuclear Cu complexes have been used to catalyze the conjugate addition of inexpensive and readily available Grignard reagents to acyclic α,β-unsaturated esters. The method provides the corresponding β-substituted optically active esters in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (see scheme). R3=cyclohexyl, R4=Ph or R3=Ph, R4=cyclohexyl. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500317_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Monolithic Integration of InGaAsP /InP Distributed Feedback Laser and Electroabsorption Modulator by (1987)

Monolithic integration of a 1.55-pm lnGaAsP/lnP dis- tributed feedback (DFB) laser and an electroabsorption (EA) modu- lator was studied. The difference between the lasing photon energy and the handgap energy of the modulator waveguide was designed to be 30-40 meV, taking into account the linewidth-enhancement factor and the zero-bias absorption loss. The integrated devices were grown by three-step vapor phase epitaxy (VPE). The CW threshold current at 20°C of the DFB laser part with a buried heterostructure was 30-60 mA and the breakdown voltage of the modulator part with a strip- loaded stripe geometry was 20-40 V, and these values indicated satis- factory crystal quality in the VPE epitaxial layers. The operating volt- age of the modulator to give on : off ratios of 10 : 1 and 100 : 1 was 1.5- 4 V and 2.5-6.5 V, respectively, depending on the length in the range 200-500 pm. A 3-dB bandwidth of about 2.5 GHz and a linewidth- enhancement factor of about 1.6 were obtained for the integrated mod- ulator.
<title>True-time-delay photonic beamformer for an L-band phased array radar</title> (1995)

The problem of obtaining a true-time-delay photonic beamformer has recently been a topic of great interest. Many interesting and novel approaches to this problem have been studied. This paper examines the design, construction, and testing of a dynamic optical processor for the control of a 20-element phased array antenna operating at L-band (1.2-1.4 GHz). The approach taken here has several distinct advantages. The actual optical control is accomplished with a class of spatial light modulator known as a segmented mirror device (SMD). This allows for the possibility of controlling an extremely large number (tens of thousands) of antenna elements using integrated circuit technology. The SMD technology is driven by the HDTV and laser printer markets so ultimate cost reduction as well as technological improvements are expected. Optical splitting is efficiently accomplished using a diffractive optical element. This again has the potential for use in antenna array systems with a large number of radiating elements. The actual time delay is achieved using a single acousto-optic device for all the array elements. Acousto-optic device technologies offer sufficient delay as needed for a time steered array. The topological configuration is an optical heterodyne system, hence high, potentially millimeter wave center frequencies are possible by mixing two lasers of slightly differing frequencies. Finally, the entire system is spatially integrated into a 3D glass substrate. The integrated system provides the ruggedness needed in most applications and essentially eliminates the drift problems associated with free space optical systems. Though the system is presently being configured as a beamformer, it has the ability to operate as a general photonic signal processing element in an adaptive (reconfigurable) transversal frequency filter configuration. Such systems are widely applicable in jammer/noise canceling systems, broadband ISDN, and for spread spectrum secure communications. This paper also serves as an update of work-in-progress at the Rome Laboratory Photonics Center Optical Beamforming Lab. The multi-faceted aspects of the design and construction of this state-of-the-art beamforming project will be discussed. Experimental results which demonstrate the performance of the system to-date with regard to both maximum delay and resolution over a broad bandwidth are presented.
Mosby's dental dictionary (1998)

Pronunciation Guide. Alphabetical Listing of Terms. Appendix A: How Dental Terms Are Made and Read. Appendix B: Abbreviations. Appendix C: Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature. Appendix D: Explanation of the American Dental Association Tooth Numbering Systems and Explanation for Mounting Radiographs. Appendix E: Dental Claim Form. Appendix F: Selected Craniofacial Anatomy Illustrations. Appendix G: Biochemical Profiling in Diagnostic Medicine. Appendix H: Medical Tables. Appendix I: Directory of American Dental Association, Constituent Societies, Boards of Dental Examiners, And Accredited Dental Schools.
Automatic Identification of the Driving links in Multi-DOF Kinematic Chains (2015)

For the same multi-link kinematic chain, selecting different links as driving links will create different mechanisms to implement different functions. Therefore, identifying driving links has important significance to create new mechanisms. The paper presents a concept of the mobility factors of the kinematic chains. By analyzing single loop mobility factor, an identification method of the driving links in multi-link kinematic chains is presented. The mathematical model is established. A program is developed which can achieve the automatic identification the driving links in multi-link kinematic chains. Case study verifies the effectiveness of this method and automatic identifies the driving links of a part of 3-DOF 12-link kinematic chain. The identification method can also apply to spatial kinematic chain.
The MITRE security perimeter (2002)

To protect MITRE's unclassified computing resources from unauthorized use, MITRE maintains a network firewall between the MITRE corporate network and the Internet, and limits dial-in to three modem pools. The firewall limits Internet connectivity to a small set of computer systems called boundary hosts. The boundary hosts and the modem pools use a smartcard-based user authentication scheme to ensure that only authorized MITRE employees can gain access to the corporate network. The combination of firewall, boundary hosts, and modem pools is known as the MITRE security perimeter. The paper describes the design of the security perimeter and the integration of the smartcard system into the boundary hosts and modem pools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (2018)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Signal Maps for Mass Spectrometry-based Comparative Proteomics (2005)

Mass spectrometry-based proteomic experiments, in combination with liquid chromatography-based separation, can be used to compare complex biological samples across multiple conditions. These comparisons are usually performed on the level of protein lists generated from individual experiments. Unfortunately given the current technologies, these lists typically cover only a small fraction of the total protein content, making global comparisons extremely limited. Recently approaches have been suggested that are built on the comparison of computationally built feature lists instead of protein identifications. Although these approaches promise to capture a bigger spectrum of the proteins present in a complex mixture, their success is strongly dependent on the correctness of the identified features and the aligned retention times of these features across multiple experiments. In this experimental-computational study, we went one step further and performed the comparisons directly on the signal level. First signal maps were constructed that associate the experimental signals across multiple experiments. Then a feature detection algorithm used this integrated information to identify those features that are discriminating or common across multiple experiments. At the core of our approach is a score function that faithfully recognizes mass spectra from similar peptide mixtures and an algorithm that produces an optimal alignment (time warping) of the liquid chromatography experiments on the basis of raw MS signal, making minimal assumptions on the underlying data. We provide experimental evidence that suggests uniqueness and correctness of the resulting signal maps even on low accuracy mass spectrometers. These maps can be used for a variety of proteomic analyses. Here we illustrate the use of signal maps for the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers. An imple-mentation of our algorithm is available on our Web server.
Multiple Linear Regression: An Overview with Analytical and Physico-Chemical Applications (2017)

We have focused traditionally our attention on fitting a straight line to data Nevertheless, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is one of the most widely used It is a prolongation of the linear regression where one response is linked to a number of independent variables, being used in a variety of circumstances: i) when it is known from theoretical considerations in the matter that the relationship follows that form; ii) or when the exact relationship connecting y and the x's, either is unknown or is too complicated to be used directly, being thus presumed than an approach of this kind is suitable.
Metallic Carbon Nanotube Interconnects, Part II: a Transmission Line Model (2006)

In this paper a transmission line model is derived to describe the propagation along single-wall carbon nanotubes, candidate to be used as interconnects in nanoelectronics applications. The model is obtained in a consistent way from a fluid model of the electron conduction along such a nanostructure. The per-unit-length parameters are strongly dependent on the effects related to the electron inertia and the quantum fluid pressure. The values of the signal propagation velocity, characteristic impedance and characteristic damping of the obtained transmission line are very different from that obtainable, in principle, by ideally scaling the conventional technology. A successful benchmark test with a full-wave model is presented and some case-studies are carried out to investigate the possibility to use such structures as the future interconnects
Structure-function correlation in the human placenta: the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen at full term. (1984)

A combination of stereology and physiology is used to estimate the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen of the normal human placenta at term. The morphometric diffusing capacity is found to be higher than published values determined by physiological methods. The most likely explanation for this discrepancy is that physiological values are too low because of the effects of shunts, placental oxygen consumption and uneven diffusion:perfusion ratios. Despite the discrepancy, morphometry of histological sections offers a valuable and practicable alternative for comparing the functional potential of the placenta in different species, during normal gestation, disease, experimental treatment and environmental hypoxic stress.
Multi-media integrated into CS 2 (1997)

An interactive children's story is presented as a unifying class project for CS 2. Curricular topics include: data and algorithm abstraction, project dynamics (team work, software engineering and ethics), multi-media techniques, and hypermedia story telling. We encompass alternative learning styles by fostering collaborative team work, and promoting the big picture over esoteric detail. Students receive a detailed design document, extensive code libraries, and graphic, sound and video files. A story board gives them ample room for individual creativity and whimsy. The project is implemented in C++. This paper describes curricular goals, articulates management concerns and summarizes our past experiences.
A new potent inhibitor of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: p-methylbenzyl hydroperoxide. (1992)

A product of p-xylene auto-oxidation, p-methylbenzyl hydroperoxide, acts as a very strong reversible inhibitor of the ethanol dehydrogenating activity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Concentrations of hydroperoxide as low as that of the enzyme active site (about 10(-8) mol.dm-3) in the assay depresses the activity by 50%. Somewhat less potent is benzyl hydroperoxide (derived from toluene) while the (secondary) hydroperoxide derived from ethylbenzene and tert.butyl hydroperoxide and cumyl hydroperoxide do not inhibit HLAD appreciably.
The Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate: A Versatile Reaction To Study Enzyme Kinetics (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate: A Versatile Reaction To Study Enzyme KineticsJ. Anderson , T. Byrne , K. J. Woelfel , J. E. Meany , G. T. Spyridis , and Y. Pocker Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 8, 715Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1994Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ed071p715RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5567Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric lithium(i) and copper(ii) alkoxy-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes; crystallographic characterisation and Lewis acid catalysisElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: full synthetic and structural details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b404614e/ (2004)

A one-pot synthesis of a wide range of bidentate, alkoxide-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands provides new lithium alkoxy-carbenes and a range of covalently bound organometallic Cu(II) carbene complexes, which are catalytically active, in some cases enantioselectively, for conjugate addition reactions.