gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic induction of apoptosis with glucocorticoids and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reveals agonist activity by RU 486. (1993)

Glucocorticoids induce a programmed cell death in immature murine T cells through a process that has been named apoptosis. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity contributes to this response but acts through an undefined mechanism. Steroid-induced cytolysis can be completely blocked by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486, which inhibits the transformation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) into a fully activated transcription factor. However, the ability of cAMP to act synergistically with steroids to cause apoptosis has revealed that a limited portion of RU 486-bound GR can translocate to the nucleus and contribute to a loss of cell viability. The combination of cAMP and RU 486 was also found to act cooperatively to regulate mRNA levels of specific genes. A 5-kilobase VL30 retroviral element transcript, which had previously been shown to be regulated synergistically by cAMP and dexamethasone, was strongly induced by the combination of RU 486 and cAMP. There was no agonist effect of RU 486 on the induction of the VL30 5-kilobase transcript in a variant cell line with defective PKA. Thus, the ability of RU 486 to act as an agonist, in this instance, was cAMP dependent. A similar response was also seen with the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein gene. On the other hand, mouse mammary tumor virus mRNA levels, which were not affected by cAMP alone, did not respond to a combination of RU 486 and cAMP. Studies of GR function, evaluating nuclear translocation and DNA binding at a GR-specific DNA regulatory element site found no evidence for a general effect of PKA activation on these receptor functions. We propose that cAMP may contribute to the induction of apoptosis at a step beyond receptor transformation by promoting an interaction between GR and other gene-specific regulatory proteins. Moreover, this interaction is sufficient to overcome the inhibition imposed by RU 486 on the functional capacity of nuclear glucocorticoid receptors.
Effect of Humidity on Electrical Conductivity of Pristine and Nanoparticle-Loaded Hydrogel Nanomembranes (2015)

We studied here the effect of humidity on the electrical conductivity of pristine and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel nanomembranes. The membranes were fabricated by the thermally activated cross-linking of amine- and epoxy-terminated, star-branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers. The resistance of the pristine membrane changed by ∼5.5 orders of magnitude upon relative humidity (RH) variation from 0% to 100%, which is an unprecedented response for homogeneous materials. The dependence of the resistance on the moisture uptake into the membrane could be coarsely described by an exponential function. The loading of the membranes with gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in a noticeable improvement of their conductance at low RH but in a small improvement or even a negative effect on the conductance at high RH. Both pristine and NP-loaded PEG hydrogel membranes have significant potential as highly sensitive elements in humidity sensors and moisture-responsive nanoelectronic devices.
3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-<i>N</i>-(2-cyano-4-methyl-2-pentyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (2005)

The title compound, C18H20ClN3O2, is a potent new herbicide. X-ray analysis reveals that the benzene ring is twisted away from the isoxazole ring by 67.7 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
PRODORIC: prokaryotic database of gene regulation (2003)

The database PRODORIC aims to systematically organize information on prokaryotic gene expression, and to integrate this information into regulatory networks. The present version focuses on pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PRODORIC links data on environmental stimuli with trans-acting transcription factors, cis-acting promoter elements and regulon definition. Interactive graphical representations of operon, gene and promoter structures including regulator-binding sites, transcriptional and translational start sites, supplemented with information on regulatory proteins are available at varying levels of detail. The data collection provided is based on exhaustive analyses of scientific literature and computational sequence prediction. Included within PRODORIC are tools to define and predict regulator binding sites. It is accessible at http://prodoric.tu-bs.de.
Synthesis of highly stable dispersions of nanosized copper particles using l-ascorbic acid (2011)

Highly stable dispersions of nanosized copper particles with an average particle size less than 2 nm were synthesized using a straightforward, cost-effective, and green method. Nontoxic L-ascorbic acid was utilized as both a reducing agent and capping agent precursor in aqueous medium. The copper particles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy The mechanism of L-ascorbic acid on the reduction and stabilization of copper nanoparticles is also discussed.
Radiographic Diagnosis of Dental Caries (2001)

The purpose of this report was to respond to aspects of the RTI/UNC systematic review relating to the radiographic diagnosis of dental caries. The systematic review was commissioned as part of the NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries Throughout Life. The systematic review evaluated the dental literature from 1966 to 1999. Well-defined search criteria along with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to perform the review. Some of the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the systematic review may have limited the evidence supporting the use of radiography, especially for the diagnosis of proximal surface caries. The RTI/UNC review only included studies in which sensitivity and specificity were reported or could be derived from the data presented. Studies that used the receiver operating characteristic as a measure of diagnostic accuracy were not included. Although the strength of evidence is considered poor, this does not mean that the use of radiographic methods is of no diagnostic value. It simply means that, using the criteria established by the systematic review, the evidence is inadequate to validate the method. Guidelines should be developed for assessing diagnostic methods that assist researchers in developing study designs that will hold up to critical review.
A Partial Analysis of the High Speed Autonomous Navigation Problem (2018)

This report examines the general problem of high speed autonomous navigation from range image data as it applies to both stereo and lidar sensing systems. In order to intelligently guarantee its own safety, a high speed vehicle must be able to resolve the smallest obstacle that can present a hazard, process sensory data at a rate commensurate with its speed, respond fast enough to avoid obstacles, and maintain a sufficiently accurate model of the world to enable it to make correct decisions. These dimensions of the problem are analysed in a nondimensional manner and the implications of satisfying all requirements simultaneously are investigated. In this analysis, it is shown that to adopt a policy of guaranteed vehicle safety is to adopt a computational complexity of O ([TV]<sup>N</sup>)for range image processing where T is the vehicle reaction time and V is the velocity. This result implies that increased vehicle speed will require nonlinear growth in computational bandwidth. Further, it identifies the fundamental tradeoff of finite computing resources as one of speed for either resolution or reliability. The conclusions of this report are the theoretical justification for the adaptive, real-time controller design of the RANGER cross country navigator.
Phosphatidylserine Receptor in Chronic Pancreatitis (2005)

We show for the first time the presence of PSR in chronic pancreatitis on pancreatic cells other than macrophages in regions with high apoptotic activity. The coexpression and colocalization of this gene with other apoptosis mediators suggest its involvement in apoptotic processes. However, in chronic pancreatitis PSR is not only involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Biomarkers: Beyond the Horizon of the Vulnerable Plaque (2011)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and the majority of CVD is caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to myocardial infarction, stroke and lower limb ischemia. Pathological studies have given insight to development of atherosclerosis and the importance of local plaque vulnerability, leading to thrombus formation and cardiovascular events. Due to the burden of cardiovascular disease, identification of patients at risk for cardiovascular events and treatment stratification is needed. The predictive power of classical risk factors is limited, especially in patients with manifest atherosclerosis. Imaging modalities have focused on the characteristics of the vulnerable plaque. However, it has become evident that not all so-called vulnerable plaques lead to rupture and subsequent thrombosis. The latter obviously limits the positive predictive value for imaging assessment of plaques and patients at risk. Serum biomarkers have also been studied extensively, but have very limited application in a clinical setting for risk stratification. In line with the important relation between vulnerable plaques and cardiovascular events, plaque biomarker studies have been initiated. These longitudinal studies are based on the concept, that a vulnerable plaque contains predictive information for future cardiovascular events, also in other territories of the vascular tree. Results look promising and plaque markers can be used to develop imaging modalities to identify patients at risk, or to monitor treatment effect. Plaque biomarker studies do not challenge the definition of the vulnerable plaque, but use its concept in favor of prediction improvement for vascular patients.
Corneal Bifocal Effects by Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The multifocal corneal topographic changes proposed by Moreira et al<sup>1</sup>in the July 1992 issue of theArchiveswere most provocative. The potential for creating a bifocal effect by using the corneal surface is certainly a worthy goal for the surgeon. However, considering my experiences with wearers of bifocal contact lenses, I must admit concern for healthy-eyed subjects who may consider this procedure. A visual effect similar to that described by Moreira et al is probably produced by concentric zone bifocal contact lenses. Practitioners experienced in fitting bifocal contact lenses have long heard the patient complaints regarding the problems associated with contact lenses that function by means of the simultaneous-image principle. A bifocal of this type divides the ambient light that enters the pupil into distance imagery and near imagery. This division of light affects the flux density and distribution of the optical image on the
Macrolides and gastrointestinal motility (1988)

Erythromycin was the first macrolide used clinically, and it is still the most widely prescribed in spite of reports of gastrointestinal side-effects. Erythromycin was given iv or orally to fasted and fed dogs with sensors implanted on the gastrointestinal tract for the measurement of motility. There was a large increase in stomach and upper small bowel contractile activity, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, while the distal small bowel appeared inhibited. Similar effects were seen in man. By contrast, two 16-membered macrolides, spiramycin and josamycin, did not produce such side-effects when given either orally or intravenously to dogs.
Model-based hybrid tracking for medical augmented reality (2006)

Camera pose estimation is one of the most important, but also one of the most challenging tasks in augmented reality. Without a highly accurate estimation of the position and orientation of the digital video camera, it is impossible to render a spatially correct overlay of graphical information. This requirement is even more crucial in medical applications, where the virtual objects are supposed to be correctly aligned with the patient. Many medical AR systems use specialized tracking devices, which can be of limited suitability for real-world scenarios. We have developed an AR framework for surgical applications based on existing medical equipment. A surgical navigation device delivers tracking information measured by a built-in infrared camera system, which is the basis for the pose estimation of the AR video camera. However, depending on the conditions in the environment, this infrared pose data can contain discernible tracking errors. One main drawback of the medical tracking device is the fact that, while it delivers a very high positional accuracy, the reported camera orientation can contain a relatively large error.In this paper, we present a hybrid tracking scheme for medical augmented reality based on a certified medical tracking system. The final pose estimation takes the inital infrared tracking data as well as salient features in the camera image into account. The vision-based component of the tracking algorithm relies on a pre-defined graphical model of the observed scene. The infrared and vision-based tracking data are tightly integrated into a unified pose estimation algorithm. This algorithm is based on an iterative numerical optimization method. We describe an implementation of the algorithm and present experimental data showing that our new method is capable of delivering a more accurate pose estimation.
Role of the family in the rehabilitation of the physically handicapped (1981)

Baltimore: University Park Press (233 East Redwood Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA), 1980, 554 pp.
Epigenetic therapy with the histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A inhibits the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells (2013)

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in malignant transformation and the biological aggressiveness of several human malignancies. Growing evidence indicates that EZH2 may be an appropriate therapeutic target for malignancies, including cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, an S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) was shown to deplete and inhibit EZH2. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DZNep and the combination of gemcitabine and DZNep in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The effects of DZNep and its combination with gemcitabine were assessed in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RBE and TFK-1. DZNep depleted the cellular levels of EZH2 and inhibited the associated histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. DZNep treatment resulted in the inhibition of proliferation in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and the combination of DZNep and gemcitabine showed synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation. DZNep induced apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in cholangiocarcinoma cells, and the combination of DZNep and gemcitabine enhanced the induced apoptosis and G1 arrest when compared with gemcitabine alone. Inhibition of cell proliferation by DZNep was partially associated with upregulation of p16INK4a and p17KIP1. The present study shows that DZNep inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis. These results indicate that an epigenetic therapy that pharmacologically targets EZH2 via DZNep may constitute a novel approach for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Über die Einwirkung von Thionylchlorid auf Tetramethyldiphenyldisiloxan‐4,4′‐dicarbonsäure (1964)

Abstract Tetramethyldiphenyldisiloxandicarbonsäure‐4,4′ wird durch SOCl 2 in ihr Säurechlorid (I) umgewandelt, ohne daß der sich gleichzeitig bildende HCl stört. Bei Gegenwart von CH 3 COOH tritt Spaltung unter Bildung von p‐(Chlordimethylsilyl)‐ benzoesäurechlorid auf. Mit Wasser hydrolysiert und kondensiert dieses zu sehr reinem I.
A modular approach to two-photon absorbing organic nanodots: brilliant dendrimers as an alternative to semiconductor quantum dots? (2006)

Nanoscopic fluorescent dendrimers having up to 96 two-photon chromophores and showing very large two-photon absorption cross-sections (up to 56 000 GM) were designed as a complementary "organic" alternative to quantum dots.
Cutting Edge: IL-4, IL-21, and IFN-γ Interact To Govern T-bet and CD11c Expression in TLR-Activated B Cells (2016)

T-bet and CD11c expression in B cells is linked with IgG2c isotype switching, virus-specific immune responses, and humoral autoimmunity. However, the activation requisites and regulatory cues governing T-bet and CD11c expression in B cells remain poorly defined. In this article, we reveal a relationship among TLR engagement, IL-4, IL-21, and IFN-γ that regulates T-bet expression in B cells. We find that IL-21 or IFN-γ directly promote T-bet expression in the context of TLR engagement. Further, IL-4 antagonizes T-bet induction. Finally, IL-21, but not IFN-γ, promotes CD11c expression independent of T-bet. Using influenza virus and Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections, we show that these interactions function in vivo to determine whether T-bet(+) and CD11c(+) B cells are formed. These findings suggest that T-bet(+) B cells seen in health and disease share the common initiating features of TLR-driven activation within this circumscribed cytokine milieu.
Minimal Molecular Determinants of Substrates for Recognition by the Intestinal Peptide Transporter (1998)

Proton-dependent electrogenic transporters for di- and tripeptides have been identified in bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammalian cells. They all show sequence-independent transport of all possible di- and tripeptides as well as of a variety of peptidomimetics. We used the mammalian intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 as a model to define the molecular basis for its multisubstrate specificity. By employing computational analysis of possible substrate conformations in combination with transport assays using transgenic yeast cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing PEPT1, the minimal structural requirements for substrate binding and transport were determined. Based on a series of medium chain fatty acids bearing an amino group as a head group (omega-amino fatty acids, omega-AFA), we show that electrogenic transport by PEPT1 requires as a minimum the two ionized head groups separated by at least four methylene groups. Consequently, a > 500 pm < 630 pm distance between the two charged centers (carboxylic carbon and amino nitrogen) is sufficient for substrate recognition and transport. Removal of either the amino group or the carboxyl group in omega-AFA maintained the affinity of the compound for interaction with the transporter but abolished the capability for electrogenic transport. Additional groups in the omega-AFA backbone that provide more hydrogen bonding sites appear to increase substrate affinity but are not essential. The information provided here does (a) explain the capability of the peptide carrier for sequence-independent transport of thousands of different substrates and (b) set the molecular basis for a rational drug design to increase the absorption of peptide-based drugs mediated by PEPT1.
[Thoracoscopic treatment of bronchogenic cyst]. (1993)

A central bronchogenic cyst was excised thoracoscopically from a 44-year-old woman in whom a tumor had been pointed out in the left upper posterior mediastinum at a screening examination. Since the tumor was diagnosed to be benign, only conservative follow-up was undertaken, but the patient consulted our department desiring active therapy. On the basis of the chest CT and MRI findings a bronchogenic cyst was diagnosed. Under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation of one lung, the thoracoscope was inserted into the thoracic cavity revealing in the left upper posterior mediastinum a cyst which was excised thoracoscopically. While coagulation was performed gingerly with an electric scalpel, the tumor was detached sharply and bluntly with a pair of scissors. The postoperative course was uneventful with little wound pain or scar formation. Hitherto bronchogenic cysts have been treated by resection after thoracotomy. Although this is an easy procedure, a relatively large operative scar is left and considerable wound pain may develop. In contrast, thoracoscopic treatment is characterized by minimal surgical invasiveness, little postoperative wound pain, and small scars. These advantages suggest that this technique may be indicated for benign mediastinal tumors, particularly cysts.
Sequencing with the large fragment of DNA polymerase I from<i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1991)

The large fragment of DNA polymerase I, isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus, was used for dideoxy sequencing. This heat-stable enzyme permits performing sequencing reactions at high temperature to melt secondary structure and results in uniform band intensities and low background on the autoradiogram. The enzyme can be used in the standard Sanger one-step protocol or in a two-step protocol which separates the labeling reaction from the elongation-termination reaction. The enzyme can be used in double-stranded sequencing. 35S-labeled nucleotides may be used instead of 32P-labeled nucleotides. Both 7-deaza-dGTP and dITP can be used during the reaction in order to minimize band compression on the gel. Results presented here indicate that this enzyme should be a useful tool for sequence determination.
Large-scale R2R fabrication of piezoresistive films (Ni/PDMS) with enhanced through thickness electrical and thermal properties by applying a magnetic field (2015)

The first successful development of a roll to roll process of thin films with anistropic conductivities.
HSV Latency-Associated Transcript and Neuronal Apoptosis (2000)

In a study of the latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene in herpes simplex virus–type 1 (HSV-1), Perng et al. reported that “in rabbit trigeminal ganglia [TGs], extensive apoptosis occurred withLAT − virus but not withLAT + viruses,” and concluded that theLAT gene “promotes neuronal survival after HSV-1 infection by reducing apoptosis” (1). That conclusion rested on interpretations of two in situ analyses: (i) immunohistochemical staining for cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (p85 PARP), and (ii) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) to detect fragmented DNA. Cleavage of PARP by caspases between amino acids 214 and 215 generates an 89-kD protein, in an early and diagnostic event in apoptosis (2). Perng et al. used a commercially available antibody (Anti-PARP p85 fragment pAb kit; Promega, Madison, Wisconsin) shown to be specific for the cleaved form of human and bovine PARP by Western blot analysis. Surprisingly, however, we found no published reports demonstrating that the same antibody is reactive against the cleaved form of PARP in rabbits, and our own Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses (Fig. 1) revealed that the antibody recognizes neither rabbit nor mouse p89 PARP protein.