gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Polymerization of Bisimides as Models for New Soluble Side-Chain-Substituted Negative-Type Photosensitive Polyimides (1996)

In this paper, we study the photoinduced polymerization of bisimide models for our new soluble side-chain-substituted negative-type photosensitive polyimides (PSPI) in order to better understand the polymerization behavior of the latter. These model compounds were cross-linked by UV irradiation in the solid state and in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solution. Variations in the molecular structure of the photosensitive moieties were explored to change the photosensitivity of models and of polymers. The kinetics of photopolymerization of these bisimide models was investigated by using infrared and UV techniques. The cinnamate and furylacrylate derivatives were found mainly to photodimerize, whereas the two others, acrylate and methacrylate derivatives, photopolymerize. Reaction orders of 1.5 and 2.0 were verified in the case of models but could not be determined for the polymers, due to the restriction of mobility of the photosensitive side groups on the polymer chains (solid-state irradiation) and also because the cross-linked polymer was no longer soluble in NMP and precipitated as it was formed.
Study of a fast ablative capillary discharge dedicated to soft x-ray production (2000)

A capillary discharge has been developed to produce pulses of intense soft x-ray radiation of tens of nanoseconds duration. The soft x-ray photons were emitted in a plasma column resulting from polyethylene in capillary wall ablation. The spectrum was dominated by the C IV, C V, and C VI emission lines in the soft x-ray spectral range. The experimental value of the electrical circuit inductance has been measured and compared to the calculated one. The electron temperature was estimated to be higher than 50 eV from the plasma resistivity measurement. The time dependence of the electron density outside the capillary channel has been determined using spectroscopic measurement in the visible range. The time dependence of the electron temperature has been determined from the intensity ratio of C V and C VI emission lines, using a collisional radiative equilibrium code.
Internal structure of layer-by-layer adsorbed polyelectrolyte films: a neutron and x-ray reflectivity study (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInternal structure of layer-by-layer adsorbed polyelectrolyte films: a neutron and x-ray reflectivity studyJohannes Schmitt, Torsten Gruenewald, Gero Decher, Peter S. Pershan, Kristian Kjaer, and Mathias LoescheCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 7058–7063Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1931Altmetric-Citations406LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual dynamics: probabilistic future frame synthesis via cross convolutional networks (2016)

We study the problem of synthesizing a number of likely future frames from a single input image. In contrast to traditional methods, which have tackled this problem in a deterministic or non-parametric way, we propose a novel approach which models future frames in a probabilistic manner. Our proposed method is therefore able to synthesize multiple possible next frames using the same model. Solving this challenging problem involves low- and high-level image and motion understanding for successful image synthesis. Here, we propose a novel network structure, namely a Cross Convolutional Network, that encodes images as feature maps and motion information as convolutional kernels to aid in synthesizing future frames. In experiments, our model performs well on both synthetic data, such as 2D shapes and animated game sprites, as well as on real-wold video data. We show that our model can also be applied to tasks such as visual analogy-making, and present analysis of the learned network representations.
Vena caval filters: a comprehensive review (2000)

Hematologists are often asked to treat patients with venous thromboembolic disease. Although anticoagulation remains the primary therapy for venous thromboembolism, vena caval filters are an important alternative when anticoagulants are contraindicated. To assess the evidence supporting the utility of these devices, a comprehensive review of the English language literature was performed. Except for one randomized trial, the vena caval filter literature consists of case series or consecutive case series. The mean duration of follow-up for each of the 5 filter types varies from 6 to 18 months. All are about equally effective in the prevention of pulmonary embolism (2.6%-3.8%). Deep venous thrombosis (6%-32%) and inferior vena cava thrombosis (3.6%-11.2%) after filter placement vary widely among different filter types primarily because of differences in outcome assessment. Thrombosis at the insertion site is a common complication of filter placement (23%-36%). In view of the absence of randomized comparisons, no filter can be designated as superior in safety or efficacy. Vena caval filters represent a potentially important but poorly evaluated therapeutic modality in the prevention of pulmonary emboli. Randomized trials are necessary to establish the appropriate place for vena caval filters in the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. (Blood. 2000;95:3669-3677)
Synthesis and stereochemical analysis of the [Fe4(NO)4(.mu.3-S)4]n series (n = 0, -1) which possesses a cubanelike Fe4S4 core: direct evidence for the antibonding tetrametal character of the unpaired electron upon a one-electron reduction of a completely bonding tetrahedral metal cluster (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and stereochemical analysis of the [Fe4(NO)4(.mu.3-S)4]n series (n = 0, -1) which possesses a cubanelike Fe4S4 core: direct evidence for the antibonding tetrametal character of the unpaired electron upon a one-electron reduction of a completely bonding tetrahedral metal clusterCynthia Ting-Wah Chu, Frederick Yip-Kwai Lo, and Lawrence F. DahlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 12, 3409–3422Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00376a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00376a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Living Cell Multilifetime Encoding Based on Lifetime-Tunable Lattice-Strained Quantum Dots (2016)

A series of functional quantum dots (QDs) with widely tunable near-infrared fluorescence emission (620-750 nm) and lifetime (30-160 ns) were synthesized via lattice strain and showed excellent photo, colloid, pH, and lifetime stabilities. The well-defined targeting QDs were first developed for a living cell multilifetime encoding strategy to track and recognize specified tumor cell clusters dependent on lifetime distribution using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
Regulation of Regional Lung Perfusion by Nitric Oxide (2004)

Improved oxygenation has previously been shown in patients with acute lung injury when ventilated in prone position. We hypothesized that this was due to higher regional production of nitric oxide in dorsocaudal lung regions. We measured nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression and nitric oxide production by citrulline assay in ventral and dorsal lung tissue from patients. In volunteers, regional lung perfusion in prone and supine postures was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography using (99m)Tc macroaggregated albumin before and after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine infusion. Nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression and nitric oxide production were significantly higher in dorsal compared with ventral lung regions. In supine posture, lung perfusion was shifted to ventral parts during nitric oxide synthase inhibition, whereas in the prone posture lung perfusion remained unchanged. Our results suggest a role for endogenous nitric oxide in regulation of regional pulmonary perfusion.
Calibration of high-speed optical profiler (2004)

Optical profilers that employ white-light interferometry (WLI) techniques are widely used in industry and research to map surface structures with precise sub-nanometer resolution. The accuracy, repeatability and consistency of these instruments depend mainly on the proper calibration of two parameters: the mean wavelength and the scanner speed. Equally important in industrial applications is high throughput of measuring devices; high throughput can be achieved by increasing the speed of the measurement, which in turn reduces the sampling rate of the interference signal. Again, exact calibration of the system is the key to obtaining accurate measurements. Our solution for calibrating the system involves inserting into the optical profiler a second, laser-based, reference signal interferometer that creates a primary length standard for calibration. This innovation allows for substantially improved performance and repeatability at different measurement speeds up to 100 microns per second and over an 8 millimeter scanning range.
Web-of-Objects Based User-Centric Semantic Service Composition Methodology in the Internet of Things (2014)

The general goal of the Web-of-Objects (WoO) is to simplify object and application deployment, maintenance, and operation of IoT infrastructures. WoO also aim to provide user-centric IoT service by enabling object virtualization and semantic ontology based service composition. In WoO, semantic modeling of objects plays a distinguished role in achieving interoperability of device and service through semantic ontology model. In this paper, we propose a semantic functional module for user centric service composition in WoO platform. We design an ontology model for virtual object (ViO); it is the physical representation of real world objects. Consequently, we present a user-demand based service composition by showing an use case of WoO. In the proposed semantic based service composition approach, virtual object and composite virtual object are the key entity; this class of objects allows composing services from heterogeneous objects by following a service composition algorithm. This algorithm creates composite service along with the semantic description of that service. The proposed approach of service composition enhances the collaboration of objects as well as services. In the proposed system, user can search a service using natural language through the user interface; on the other hand, the service composition module creates the service by selecting the required objects dynamically.
Clock synchronization in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs using physical layer timestamps (2012)

Packet-based clock synchronization protocols, such as IEEE 1588, depend on the quality of the timestamps taken at the reception and transmission of packets. As software-based timestamping generates large non-deterministic delays, Ethernet synchronization implementations have moved the timestamping closer to the physical layer. However, most wireless synchronization approaches are restricted to software timestamping due to the lack of hardware timestamping features. This paper presents a physical layer timestamping approach for IEEE 802.11b, which is able to generate timestamps with sub-100 picosecond accuracy. When synchronizing the clocks of two WLAN devices with the proposed approach, the measurements show that the system can reach synchronization accuracies below 1 ns even with standard crystal oscillators.
Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery (2006)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effectiveness of bioresorbable fixation systems with titanium systems used during orthognathic surgery.
Slice-based Learning: A Programming Model for Residual Learning in Critical Data Slices (2019)

In real-world machine learning applications, data subsets correspond to especially critical outcomes: vulnerable cyclist detections are safety-critical in an autonomous driving task, and "question" sentences might be important to a dialogue agent's language understanding for product purposes. While machine learning models can achieve high quality performance on coarse-grained metrics like F1-score and overall accuracy, they may underperform on critical subsets---we define these as slices, the key abstraction in our approach. To address slice-level performance, practitioners often train separate "expert" models on slice subsets or use multi-task hard parameter sharing. We propose Slice-based Learning, a new programming model in which the slicing function (SF), a programming interface, specifies critical data subsets for which the model should commit additional capacity. Any model can leverage SFs to learn slice expert representations, which are combined with an attention mechanism to make slice-aware predictions. We show that our approach maintains a parameter-efficient representation while improving over baselines by up to 19.0 F1 on slices and 4.6 F1 overall on datasets spanning language understanding (e.g. SuperGLUE), computer vision, and production-scale industrial systems.
Inhibition properties and adsorption behavior of olive leaf extract on N80 carbon steel in CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated brine solution (2014)

Abstract The inhibition effect of olive leaf extract on corrosion of carbon steel in brine solutions saturated with CO 2 was investigated at 25 °C and 65 °C by means of Tafel polarization, weight loss measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that the olive leaf extract has a good inhibition effect on the carbon steel in CO 2 -saturated brine solution at both temperatures. Tafel polarization investigations revealed that olive leaf extract acted as a mixed inhibitor showing anodic and cathodic behavior. The adsorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicated the physisorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface was a spontaneous and exothermic process with an increase in entropy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed types of bonding for olive leaf extract on the carbon steel surface.
Perceptual-cognitive training improves biological motion perception (2012)

In our everyday life, processing complex dynamic scenes such as crowds and traffic is of critical importance. Further, it is well documented that there is an age-related decline in complex perceptual-cognitive processing, which can be reversed with training. It has been suggested that a specific dynamic scene perceptual-cognitive training procedure [the three-dimensional multiple object tracking speed task (3D-MOT)] helps observers manage socially relevant stimuli such as human body movements as seen in crowds or during sports activities. Here, we test this assertion by assessing whether training older observers on 3D-MOT can improve biological motion (BM) perception. Research has shown that healthy older adults require more distance in virtual space between themselves and a point-light walker to integrate BM information than younger adults. Their performances decreased markedly at a distance as far away as 4 m (critical for collision avoidance), whereas performance in young adults remained constant up to 1 m. We trained observers between 64 and 73 years of age on the 3D-MOT speed task and looked at BM perception at 4 and 16 m distances in virtual space. We also had a control group trained on a visual task and a third group without training. The perceptual-cognitive training eliminated the difference in BM perception between 4 and 16 m after only a few weeks, whereas the two control groups showed no transfer. This demonstrates that 3D-MOT training could be a good generic process for helping certain observers deal with socially relevant dynamic scenes.
Highly efficient and selective electrophilic and free radical catalytic bromination reactions of simple aromatic compounds in the presence of reusable zeolites (2000)

Reactions of mono-substituted aromatics of moderate activity with bromine in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of zeolite NaY proceed in high yield and with high selectivity to the corresponding para-bromo products. The zeolites can easily be regenerated by heating and reused. Similar para-selectivity can be achieved in the case of toluene by use of tert-butyl hypobromite as reagent, zeolite HX as catalyst, and a solvent comprising a mixture of tetrachloromethane and diethyl ether. Radical bromination of ethyl 4-methylbenzoate using bromine in the presence of light is catalysed by various zeolites and affords a high yield of ethyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate but with no great improvement in selectivity for monobromination.
Gaze-based web search (2010)

This paper presents a study which examined the selection of Web search results with a gaze-based input device. A standard list interface was compared to a grid and a tabular layout with regard to task performance and subjective ratings. Furthermore, the gaze-based input device was compared to conventional mouse interaction. Test persons had to accomplish a series of search tasks by selecting search results. The study revealed that mouse users accomplished more tasks correctly than users of the gaze-based input device. However, no differences were found between input devices regarding the number of search results taken into account to accomplish a task. Regarding task completion time and ease of search result selection only in the list interface gaze-based interaction was inferior to mouse interaction. Moreover, with a gaze-based input device search tasks were accomplished faster in tabular presentation than in a standard list interface, suggesting a tabular interface as best suited for gaze-based interaction.
Programmable parts: a demonstration of the grammatical approach to self-organization (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a robotic implementation of the theory of graph grammars (Klavins et al., 2005), which we use to model and direct self-organization in a formal, predictable and provably-correct fashion. The robots, which we call programmable parts, float passively on an air table and bind to each other upon random collisions. Once attached, they execute local rules that determine how their internal states change and whether they should remain bound. We demonstrate through experiments how they can self-organize into a global structure by executing a common graph grammar in a completely distributed fashion. The system also presents a challenge to the grammatical method (and to distributed systems approaches in general) due to the stochastic nature of its dynamics. We conclude by discussing these challenges and our initial approach to addressing them.
Homomorphic cryptosystems and their applications (2004)

In this thesis we consider homomorphic cryptosystems and their applications. Homomorphic cryptosystems allow for computations on encrypted data.We prove that the search for an algebraically homomorphic scheme can be reduced to the search of a homomorphic scheme on a special non-abelian group. Furthermore, we focus on a special application: computing with encrypted functions and data, respectively. For this application we develop an improved protocol that is efficient for functions that are computable by polynomial branching programs. Finally, we generalise the elliptic curve Paillier scheme by S. Galbraith in order to construct a threshold version of it. For this threshold scheme we develop several Sigma-protocols. Using these protocols we apply our threshold scheme on multiparty computations, electronic voting and commitment schemes.
Matrix Algebra and Its Applications to Statistics and Econometrics (1998)

Vector spaces unitary and Euclidean spaces linear transformations and matrices some characteristics of matrices factorization of matrices operations on matrices projectors and idempotent operators generalized inverses majorization inequalities for Eigenvalues matrix approximations optimization problems in statistics and econometrics quadratic subspaces inequalities in statistics and econometrics total least squares and regression.
Engineered Infiltration Systems for Urban Stormwater Reclamation (2013)

Urban stormwater contains a variety of contaminants that can adversely impact receiving waters. Contaminants of greatest concern include compounds derived from paving materials and automobile tires, biocides, and pathogens. Low-impact development systems built to manage urban stormwater often utilize some form of engineered infiltration or subsurface filtration to reduce the volume of runoff leaving a developed site. Use of infiltration techniques without proper consideration of contaminants in stormwater risks further degradation of urban ecosystems and water resources. Although engineered infiltration systems also have the capacity to remove contaminants from stormwater, the potential of these systems has not yet been fully exploited or optimized. With improved designs based on known mechanisms of contaminant removal, engineered infiltration has the potential to provide reliable treatment of urban stormwater, resulting in a water resource that is safe for aquifer recharge or urban stream restoration. This article discusses chemical and biological contaminants of concern in urban stormwater and the mechanisms by which they are removed during infiltration through porous media systems, including filtration, sorption, and chemical and biological transformation. Three strategies have been identified as opportunities to more effectively optimize treatment of stormwater: (1) choice of infiltration media; (2) manipulation of system hydraulic behavior; and (3) manipulation of redox conditions. Novel techniques to apply these strategies and topics requiring further research are also discussed.