gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the diffusion processes in a self-processing acrylamide-based photopolymer system (2004)

Results from the investigation of the diffusion processes in a dry acrylamide-based photopolymer system are presented. The investigation is carried out in the context of experimental research on optimization of the high-spatial-frequency response of the photopolymer. Tracing the transmission holographic grating dynamics at short times of exposure is utilized to measure diffusion coefficients. The results reveal that two different diffusion processes contribute with opposite sign to the refractive-index modulation responsible for the diffraction grating buildup. Monomer diffusion from dark to bright fringe areas increases the refractive-index modulation. It is characterized with diffusion constant D0 = 1.6 x 10(-7) cm2/s. A second diffusion process takes place during the recording. It decreases the refractive-index modulation and we ascribe it to diffusion of short-chain polymer molecules or radicals from bright to dark fringe areas. The estimated diffusion coefficient for this process is D0 = 6.35 x 10(-10) cm2/s. The presence of the second process could be responsible for the poor high-spatial-frequency response of the investigated photopolymer system. Comparison with the diffusion in photopolymer systems known for their good response at high spatial frequencies shows that both investigated diffusion processes occur in a much faster time scale.
High-efficiency unitraveling-carrier photodiode with an integrated total-reflection mirror (2000)

A novel photodiode (PD) structure with an integrated total-reflection mirror which can enhance the quantum efficiency in back-illuminated geometry is proposed. Due to the diagonal propagation of the reflected light at the total-reflection mirror through the absorption layer, the efficiency is improved by about 50% from that of the normally irradiated case. By employing a unitraveling-carrier structure together with a thick absorption layer of 4700 A, the fabricated PD exhibits a high responsivity of 0.65 A/W, a high 3-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz, and a high-output voltage of 5 V, simultaneously.
A floating-point digital receiver for MRI (2002)

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system requires the highest possible signal fidelity and stability for clinical applications. Quadrature analog receivers have problems with channel matching, dc offset and analog-to-digital linearity. Fixed-point digital receivers (DRs) reduce all of these problems. We have demonstrated that a floating-point DR using large (order 124 to 512) FIR low-pass filters also overcomes these problems, automatically provides long word length and has low latency between signals. A preloaded table of finite impuls response (FIR) filter coefficients provides fast switching between one of 129 different one-stage and two-stage multrate FIR low-pass filters with bandwidths between 4 KHz and 125 KHz. This design has been implemented on a dual channel circuit board for a commercial MRI system.
Resource usage prediction algorithms for optimal selection of multimedia content delivery methods (2015)

This paper proposes two algorithms adopted in a prototype network architecture, for optimal selection of multimedia content delivery methods, as well as balanced delivery load, by exploiting a novel resource prediction engine. The proposed architecture exploits both algorithms for the prediction of future multimedia services demands, by providing the ability to keep optimal the distribution of the streaming data, among Content Delivery Networks, cloud-based providers and Home Media Gateways. In addition, the prediction of the upcoming fluctuations of the network, provides the ability to the proposed network architecture, achieving optimized Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) for the end users. Both algorithms were evaluated to establish their efficiency, towards effectively predicting future network traffic demands. The experimental results validated their performance and indicated fields for further research and experimentation.
New Treatment for Thrombocytopenia (2007)

Eltrombopag belongs to a new class of agents that raise platelet counts by stimulating thrombopoietin receptors on megakaryocytes. Investigators recently reported results from a phase I trial of this agent (Journal Watch Hematology and Oncology Jun 25 2007), which showed increased platelet counts in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Now, two larger international trials have been published: one in patients with chronic ITP and a second in patients with thrombocytopenia that was secondary to cirrhosis.

In one study, university and pharmaceutical company investigators conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial in 117 patients with refractory ITP and platelet counts of …
RNA 3'-end mismatch excision by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10/nsp14 exoribonuclease complex (2012)

The replication/transcription complex of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is composed of at least 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp1-16) encoded by the ORF-1a/1b. This complex includes replication enzymes commonly found in positive-strand RNA viruses, but also a set of RNA-processing activities unique to some nidoviruses. The nsp14 protein carries both exoribonuclease (ExoN) and (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) activities. The nsp14 ExoN activity ensures a yet-uncharacterized function in the virus life cycle and must be regulated to avoid nonspecific RNA degradation. In this work, we show that the association of nsp10 with nsp14 stimulates >35-fold the ExoN activity of the latter while playing no effect on N7-MTase activity. Nsp10 mutants unable to interact with nsp14 are not proficient for ExoN activation. The nsp10/nsp14 complex hydrolyzes double-stranded RNA in a 3' to 5' direction as well as a single mismatched nucleotide at the 3'-end mimicking an erroneous replication product. In contrast, di-, tri-, and longer unpaired ribonucleotide stretches, as well as 3'-modified RNAs, resist nsp10/nsp14-mediated excision. In addition to the activation of nsp16-mediated 2'-O-MTase activity, nsp10 also activates nsp14 in an RNA processing function potentially connected to a replicative mismatch repair mechanism.
Enhancing Global Executive Education: A Pedagogy that Changes Perceptions about International Business (2013)

The University of Tennessee (UT) has pioneered an innovative approach to development of global executives in its Senior Executive MBA (SEMBA) program. The program, which has always required an international residency in emerging economies, has adapted a methodology developed by Pankaj Ghemawat that takes into account cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic distance factors and is known by its acronym, CAGE. The methodology demands that executives more closely examine these distance factors—similarities and differences between the home and the emerging economies—in the context of a specific, but hypothetical, investment decision. This paper provides an overview of the CAGE approach as modified for use in this approach, provides a discussion of the particular pedagogy, and provides the most current data regarding the effectiveness of this approach.
Lack of Protective Osmolytes Limits Final Cell Density and Volumetric Productivity of Ethanologenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> KO11 during Xylose Fermentation (2004)

Limited cell growth and the resulting low volumetric productivity of ethanologenic Escherichia coli KO11 in mineral salts medium containing xylose have been attributed to inadequate partitioning of carbon skeletons into the synthesis of glutamate and other products derived from the citrate arm of the anaerobic tricarboxylic acid pathway. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of intracellular osmolytes under different growth conditions coupled with those of studies using genetically modified strains have confirmed and extended this hypothesis. During anaerobic growth in mineral salts medium containing 9% xylose (600 mM) and 1% corn steep liquor, proline was the only abundant osmolyte (71.9 nmol x ml(-1) optical density at 550 nm [OD(550)] unit(-1)), and growth was limited. Under aerobic conditions in the same medium, twice the cell mass was produced, and cells contained a mixture of osmolytes: glutamate (17.0 nmol x ml(-1) OD(550) unit(-1)), trehalose (9.9 nmol x ml(-1) OD(550) unit(-1)), and betaine (19.8 nmol x ml(-1) OD(550) unit(-1)). Two independent genetic modifications of E. coli KO11 (functional expression of Bacillus subtilis citZ encoding NADH-insensitive citrate synthase; deletion of ackA encoding acetate kinase) and the addition of a metabolite, such as glutamate (11 mM) or acetate (24 mM), as a supplement each increased the intracellular glutamate pool during fermentation, doubled cell growth, and increased volumetric productivity. This apparent requirement for a larger glutamate pool for increased growth and volumetric productivity was completely eliminated by the addition of a protective osmolyte (2 mM betaine or 0.25 mM dimethylsulfoniopropionate), consistent with adaptation to osmotic stress rather than relief of a specific biosynthetic requirement.
Significance of follow-up mammography in estimating the effect of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients who have undergone surgery. (1999)

On follow-up mammography of breast cancer patients, breast parenchyma was shown to be decreased after tamoxifen therapy. Mammography can be a useful method for evaluating breast parenchymal changes after tamoxifen treatment.
Polymeric nanoparticles conjugate a novel heptapeptide as an epidermal growth factor receptor-active targeting ligand for doxorubicin (2012)

This in vivo biodistribution study in SKOV3 tumor-bearing mice was further promising in that accumulation of doxorubicin in tumor tissue was in the order of peptide-conjugated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles > peptide-free PLGA-PEG nanoparticles > doxorubicin solution.
Synthesis of Various Kinds of Isoflavones, Isoflavanes, and Biphenyl-Ketones and Their 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical-Scavenging Activities (2009)

Forty-eight kinds of isoflavones (8), thirty-one isoflavanes (9), and forty-seven biphenyl-ketones (10, 10') were synthesized from eleven kinds of substituted phenols (11) and six phenylacetic acids (12). Among them, seventy-five compounds are new. The radical scavenging activities of these compounds were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at pH 6.0. We found that thirty-nine out of forty-three compounds having a catechol moiety on either the A- or the B-ring exhibited a high activity (ED(50)=12-54 microM) similar to that of catechin. In these cases, the remaining part of their structure seemed to have little effect on their activity. Many 6- or 8-hydroxyisoflavanes (9E-I) and their biphenyl-ketone derivatives (10E-H) also showed a high activity (ED(50)=or<50 microM), while all of their corresponding isoflavones (8E-I) were not active at all. The 7-hydroxyisoflavanes having either an additional hydroxyl group at the C5-position (9D) or a methoxy group at the C6-position (9J) presented a high activity (ED(50)=26-32 microM). This study suggests that natural isoflavones have the possibilities of exhibiting antioxidant activities through the hydroxylation at the C6-, C8-, or C3'-position or the formation of the isoflavanes (9) and/or the biphenyl-ketone derivatives (10') by metabolism or biotransformation.
Multifactor dimensionality reduction software for detecting gene–gene and gene–environment interactions (2003)

All supplementary information can be found at http://phg.mc.vanderbilt.edu/Software/MDR.
[The role of dynamic contrast magnetic resonance tomography in the complex radiation diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions]. (1998)

The results of complex radiation study of 269 patients with various focal hepatic diseases were analyzed. Present day methods of radiation study were used. Dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DCMRI) was made in 62 patients. It is concluded that DCMRI is higher sensitive in detecting focal hepatic diseases than other techniques. The time course of changes in signal intensity in different abnormalities greatly differs in quantitative and qualitative parameters, which differentiates the nosological nature of the revealed changes to a high accuracy.
Feature Extraction and Grouping for Robot Vision Tasks (2005)

Exploiting computer vision for performing robotic tasks, like recognizing a given place in the environment or simply computing the relative orientation of the robot with respect to the environment, requires an in depth analysis of the vision modules involved in such computations. In this paper, we have considered three types of computations: local computations (for the estimation of junctions), local-to-global computations (for finding a geometric sketck) and voting-accumulation computations (for obtaining the relative orientation of the robot). We have addressed the analysis of the latter modules from the point of view of three practical requirements: reliability (robustness), efficiency and flexibility. These requirements are partially fullfiled by the methodology used: the three modules (junction detection, grouping, and orientation estimation) share elements of Bayesian inference. Sometimes, as in the case of junction detection, these elements yield statistical robustness. In other cases, as in the grouping module, the Bayesian formulation has a deep impact in the reduction of computational complexity. The Bayesian integration of feature extraction, grouping and orientation estimation is a good example of how to get flexibility by exploiting both the visual cues and the prior assumptions about the environment in order to solve a given task. On the other hand, as the basic visual cues are edges and there are fundamental limits regarding whether certain tasks relying on edge cues may be solved or not, independently of the algorithm, we also stress the convenience of having this bounds in mind in order to devise practical solutions for robotics tasks driven by computer vision. 103
Combined topological and functionality-based delay estimation using a layout-driven approach for high-level applications (1994)

We discuss the problem of accurate delay estimation of cell-based designs, prior to any physical design tasks. For this purpose, we require accurate wire-length estimates, since wire delays contribute significantly to the overall delay. We present a new technique for wire-length estimation based on a combination of analytical and constructive approaches. Given these wire-length estimates and the cell delays, it is possible to provide worst case delay paths in the design based on the circuit topology. We have also extended our technique to consider false paths, which provides a more accurate functionality based estimate that takes into account the estimated layout information. We validate our technique using the standard MCNC benchmarks. Our results indicate an average 7% accuracy in the worst case delay predictions for designs with up to about 2800 cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Technique of Nonparametric Multivariate Analysis (1970)

On each of n individuals p + q variables are observed. A nonnegative distance or closeness measure between any two individuals on any one variable can be based on ranks or tied ranks for orderable variables (continuous, discrete, or categorical); for nonorderable categorical variables the distance measure reflects whether the two individuals belong to the same category. Let Xi and Yi, represent weighted sums over the p and the q variables, respectively, of the distance measures between individuals i and j; there will be 'n(n + 1) such pairs of weighted sulms. A test statistic for judging whether closeness in the set of p variables is related to closeness in the set of q variables is given by Z = E E Xt iYi. The permutational distribution of the statistic is defined by the random pairing of p-variable and q-variable observation vectors. Being a U statistic, this measuLre is asymptotically normally distributed. A computing procedure is given for obtaining permutational expectations and variances so that departure from the permutational distribuLtion can be judged.
Switchable and Tunable Ferroelectric Thin Film Radio Frequency Components. (2009)

to my wife Fang Ji (Gloria) and my parents ii Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Prof. Amir Mortazawi, for his constant support, guidance and encouragement during my graduate study at the University of Michigan. From him, I learned how to be an independent researcher, as well as a great deal of technical knowledge and skills. I would also like to thank Prof. Xiaoqing Pan, Prof. Wayne E. Stark and Prof. Jamie D. Phillips for their advice and suggestion by being on my dissertation committee. I would like to especially thank Prof. Jamie D. Phillips to provide the pulsed laser deposition system to this research. Without this system, this work will not even start. I would like to thank Prof. Phillips and former and currents student in his group, including Dr. Ding-Yuan Chen, Willie Bowen, Emine Cagin, Jeff Siddiqui and Weiming Wang, for all the help and discussion on this deposition system. I would like to thank former and current group members of Prof. Mortazawi, Dr. Ay-
Purified NADPH‐Sulfite Reductase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Effects on Quality of Ozonated Mackerel Surimi (1998)

ABSTRACT The NADPH‐sulfite reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sephacel, Sephacryl S‐300 and DEAE Sephadex A‐50 chromatography. Optimal pH was 7.3 and temperature 25°C. It was inhibited by IAA, PCMPS, PMSF, NEM, PCMB, cyanide and most divalent metal ions. For the ozonated mackerel surimi ground with purified reductase, the reactive SH increased from 2.29∞10 5 to 4.46∞10 5 mole /g and gel strength from 256.7 to 360.5g·cm. According to SDS‐PAGE, the recovery of myosin heavy chain was observed on the ozonated mackerel surimi with addition of NADPH‐sulfite reductase.
Tomato strigolactones are derived from carotenoids and their biosynthesis is promoted by phosphate starvation (2008)

* Strigolactones are rhizosphere signalling compounds that mediate host location in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and parasitic plants. Here, the regulation of the biosynthesis of strigolactones is studied in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). * Strigolactone production under phosphate starvation, in the presence of the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone and in the abscisic acid (ABA) mutant notabilis were assessed using a germination bioassay with seeds of Orobanche ramosa; a hyphal branching assay with Gigaspora spp; and by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. * The root exudates of tomato cv. MoneyMaker induced O. ramosa seed germination and hyphal branching in AM fungi. Phosphate starvation markedly increased, and fluridone strongly decreased, this activity. Exudates of notabilis induced approx. 40% less germination than the wild-type. The LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that the biological activity and changes therein were due to the presence of several strigolactones; orobanchol, solanacol and two or three didehydro-orobanchol isomers. * These results show that the AM branching factors and parasitic plant germination stimulants in tomato root exudate are strigolactones and that they are biosynthetically derived from carotenoids. The dual activity of these signalling compounds in attracting beneficial AM fungi and detrimental parasitic plants is further strengthened by environmental conditions such as phosphate availability.
A three-protein signature and clinical outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2014)

Current staging is inadequate to precisely predict clinical outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and determine treatment choices, which vary from operation alone to intensive multimodal regimens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of an immunohistochemistry-based three-protein signature model in patients with ESCC. We determined the protein expression of Annexin II, cofilin 1, ezrin, fascin, kindlin-2, moesin, MTSS1, myosin-9, profilin-1, Rac1, radixin, ROCK2, talin, tensin and villin 1 in a test cohort including 110 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal curative resection specimens by tissue microarrays (TMAs). A three-protein signature elicited from the protein cluster, Annexin II, kindlin-2, and myosin-9, was validated by TMAs on an independent cohort of 147 specimens. The expression of three-protein signature was highly predictive of ESCC overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in both generation and validation datasets. Regression analysis shows that this three-protein signature is an independent predictor for OS and DFS. Furthermore, the predictive ability of these 3 biomarkers in combination is more robust than that of each individual biomarker. This study demonstrates a clinically applicable prognostic model that accurately predicts ESCC patient survival and/or tumor recurrence, and thus could serve as a complement to current risk stratification approaches.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, Part I: Synthesis of New Chiral <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Tridentate Pybox and Pyboxazine Ligands and Their Ruthenium Complexes (2006)

Abstract The synthesis of chiral tridentate N , N , N ‐pyridine‐2,6‐bisoxazolines 3 (pybox ligands) and N , N , N ‐pyridine‐2,6‐bisoxazines 4 (pyboxazine ligands) is described in detail. These novel ligands constitute a useful toolbox for the application in asymmetric catalysis. Compounds 3 and 4 are conveniently prepared by cyclization of enantiomerically pure α‐ or β‐amino alcohols with dimethyl pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboximidate. The corresponding ruthenium complexes are efficient asymmetric epoxidation catalysts and have been prepared in good yield and fully characterized by spectroscopic means. Four of these ruthenium complexes have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. For the first time the molecular structure of a pyboxazine complex {2,6‐bis‐[( 4S )‐4‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4 H ‐[1,3]oxazinyl]pyridine}(pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate)ruthenium ( S) ‐ 2 aa , is presented.