gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of inhibitors of plant virus infection occurring in the leaves of species in the Chenopodiales (1971)

SUMMARY Leaf extracts from twenty‐nine species of the Chenopodiales were shown to inhibit the infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by tobacco necrosis virus. The inhibitors were not lost on dialysis or by storage at ‐ 25 d̀C for 56 days. Partially dry lyophilized extracts kept at ‐ 25 d̀C for 2 years in unsealed screwtopped bottles retained inhibitory activity. The inhibitors in extracts of species of Beta, Halimione and Amaranthus were largely inactivated by heating for 10 min at 60–80 d̀C, but 80–100 d̀C was needed to inactivate those in sap of species of Chenopodium, Atriplex, Basella, Hablitzia, Salsola and Celosia . The extent of this inhibition of infection caused by unheated Chenopodium album sap depended on the virus‐host combination. With heated sap this dependence was changed. The properties of inhibitors from extracts of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. album, Atriplex nitens and Amaranthus caudatus were compared. Extracts made with water‐saturated phenol were not inhibitory and precipitation tests with 50% acetone, 50% ethanol and 2.5% trichloracetic acid suggested that the inhibitors are protein. Most inhibitory activity was precipitated from extracts by 70–90% saturated ammonium sulphate. Ion‐exchange column chromatography on CM‐Sephadex C‐25 showed that most inhibitory activity and protein was eluted by 0.4 M sodium acetate buffer. Disc electrophoresis indicated that several proteins occurred within the pooled inhibitory fractions. Gel filtration with Sephadex G‐200 suggested that the inhibitors have molecular weights of 25000–38000. The four inhibitors are probably very similar, but not necessarily identical, basic proteins.
Molecular weights of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers (1976)

A dual-calibration method for the determination of molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers (S/MA) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is introduced. It might be applicable to copolymers of other type. A linear relationship of intrinsic viscosity [η] and weight-average molecular weight (M̄w) for unfractionated S/MA in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C can be expressed by the equation The maleic anhydride content of the copolymers ranges from 5 to 50 mole-%, and the M̄w range is from 2 × 104 to 7 × 106. The plot of log [η] M̄w versus GPC elution volume of the S/MA copolymers falls on the same curve as that of the polystyrene standards in THF.
Wall following and human detection for mobile robot surveillance in indoor environment (2014)

This paper describes the design of an indoor surveillance system capable of wall following and human detection based on intelligent mobile robot navigation. The wall following is performed based on a differential velocity control using type-2 fuzzy logic for a wheeled mobile robot equipped with IR sensors and sonar sensors, and human detection is performed by a human detection sensor. We have tested the application of our design in mobile robot for an indoor surveillance task of a polygon terrain using right wall following. The surveillance system of mobile robot is effective to work well in our testing.
A mutation in the receptor binding site of <i>GDF5</i> causes Mohr-Wriedt brachydactyly type A2 (2005)

GDF5 is a novel BDA2 causing gene. It is suggested that impaired activity of BMPR1B is the molecular mechanism responsible for the BDA2 phenotype.
Misregulation of gene expression in primary fibroblasts lacking poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (2000)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is implicated in the maintenance of genomic integrity, given that inhibition or depletion of this enzyme increases genomic instability in cells exposed to genotoxic agents. We previously showed that immortalized fibroblasts derived from PARP(-/-) mice exhibit an unstable tetraploid population, and partial chromosomal gains and losses in PARP(-/-) mice and immortalized fibroblasts are accompanied by changes in the expression of p53, Rb, and c-Jun, as well as other proteins. A tetraploid population has also now been detected in primary fibroblasts derived from PARP(-/-) mice. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis was applied to characterize more comprehensively the differences in gene expression between asynchronously dividing primary fibroblasts derived from PARP(-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates. Of the 11,000 genes monitored, 91 differentially expressed genes were identified. The loss of PARP results in down-regulation of the expression of several genes involved in regulation of cell cycle progression or mitosis, DNA replication, or chromosomal processing or assembly. PARP deficiency also up-regulates genes that encode extracellular matrix or cytoskeletal proteins that are implicated in cancer initiation or progression or in normal or premature aging. These results provide insight into the mechanism by which PARP deficiency impairs mitotic function, thereby resulting in the genomic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities as well as in altered expression of genes that may contribute to genomic instability, cancer, and aging.
Covalent Attachment of the SUMO-1 Protein to the Negative Regulatory Domain of the c-Myb Transcription Factor Modifies Its Stability and Transactivation Capacity (2002)

The transcription factor c-Myb is subject to several types of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. These modifications regulate the transcription and transforming activity as well as the proteolytic stability of c-Myb. Here we report the covalent modification of c-Myb with the small ubiquitin-related protein SUMO-1. Mutational analysis identified two major sumolation sites (Lys(499) and Lys(523)) in the negative regulatory domain. Interestingly, the single mutation K523R completely abolished modification of c-Myb with SUMO-1, suggesting that sumolation of Lys(523) is required for modification of other lysines in c-Myb. In accordance with this observation, we found that the SUMO-1-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 interacted only with a region surrounding Lys(523) (also called the PEST/EVES motif). Experiments aimed at determining the proteolytic stability of sumolated and unmodified forms of c-Myb revealed that at least two covalently attached SUMO-1 molecules dramatically increased the stability of c-Myb. However, mutations of the SUMO-1 modification sites did not alter its stability, suggesting that a mechanism(s) other than competition of ubiquitin and SUMO-1 for the same lysine is involved in the stabilization of sumolated c-Myb protein. Finally, the K523R mutant of c-Myb, entirely deficient in sumolation, was shown to have an increased transactivation capacity on a Myb-responsive promoter, suggesting that SUMO-1 negatively regulates the transactivation function of c-Myb. Thus, modification of c-Myb with SUMO-1 represents a novel mechanism through which the negative regulatory domain can exert its suppressing activity on c-Myb transactivation capacity.
Applications of fiber‐metal laminates (2000)

Abstract Advanced composite materials and fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) have the potential to offer significant improvements in weight savings and durability in airframe structures. FMLs are an advanced hybrid material system consisting of metal layers bonded with fiber‐reinforced polymer layers. This paper presents an overview of the history of fibre‐metal‐laminates, describes several common types and also discusses the results of impact durability experiments conducted at the Structures, Materials and Propulsion Laboratory of the Institute for Aerospace Research (SMPL‐IAR) of the National Research Council Canada (NRCC). An impact fixture was developed specifically for FMLs and is also described. Numerous low velocity impact tests have been carried out that demonstrate the improved impact response of FMLs over traditional composite materials. This research builds upon earlier impact testing on carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymers conducted by NRCC and Carleton University.
Methods for proximity effect correction in electron lithography (1990)

A convenient and unambiguous way of characterizing the proximity effect is by use of the modulation transfer function. Six types of correction scheme are compared in this way, these being the use of high beam energies (&gt;20 keV), of low beam energies (&lt;20 keV), the use of multilayer resists, exact dose correction, ‘‘self-consistent’’ dose correction, and the application of correction exposures. The main conclusions drawn are that the use of high beam energies reduces the proximity effect significantly; that exact dose correction, in addition to performing better than the ‘‘self-consistent’’ technique, is computationally superior; and that correction exposures are effective, particularly in combination with other correction techniques.
Physical Aspects of Vapor-Mist Dielectrics (1986)

In earlier work it was shown that by acoustically cavitating a liquid dielectric, a dense mist (~2 x 105 droplet/cm3) of micron-size droplets could be formed which considerably increased the electrical strength of an insulating gas. The high electrical strength of these vapor-mist dielectrics results from a combination of the vapor from the droplets enhancing the gas strength and the droplets collecting electrons and ions. This latter effect helps prevent the formation of electron avalanches which precede breakdown. Within the vapor-mist dielectrics, complex mechanisms are involved, ranging from the enhanced vapor pressure at the droplet surface to surface tension effects and droplet charge which help prevent droplets from both freezing and evaporating. These aspects of vapor-mist dielectrics are examined and discussed in relation to the acoustic cavitation method used for generating the mist.
Chronic daily tadalafil prevents the corporal fibrosis and veno‐occlusive dysfunction that occurs after cavernosal nerve resection (2007)

A long-term single daily dose of tadalafil prevented CVOD and the underlying corporal fibrosis in the rat caused by CN damage, as effectively as the previously reported continuous treatment with vardenafil or sildenafil, through a cGMP-related mechanism that appears to be independent of inducible nitric oxide synthase induction.
Open Cut Automation Scoping Study - ACARP Report C11054 (2003)

The objective of this project was to develop a roadmap that identifies how ACARP expenditure on automation based research for surface coal mining should be invested to achieve maximum benefit for the Australian Coal Industry over the next 3 to 10 years. The roadmap developed is equipment focused and considers the following major equipment groups and their support systems: (i) dump trucks; (ii) shovels, excavators and wheel loaders; (iii) blast hole drills; (iv) dozers; and (v) draglines. For each piece of equipment the report identifies: scope for potential automation, the benefits sought from the introduction of automation, pathways and technology milestones needed to travel towards specific automation goals, the challenges associated with realizing milestones, and (v) interim benefits that might result from the reaching these milestones as precursors to full automation. The pathways to travel towards specific automation goals were identified by reviewing the attributes required of fully automated systems and juxtaposing these with the existing state of automation technologies. Wide consultation with researchers equipment manufacturers and mine site personnel was used to broadened the perspective of the study. The broad conclusion from the work is that at this point in time, ACARP investment towards automation should not focus on the full automation for any equipment types per se, but rather should seek definite progress steps that strategically enhance understanding of the requirements and capability for automation. Four areas are identified as offering the best opportunities for returns on ACARP research expenditure in the short-to-medium term while making progress towards the longer term objective of full automation. These areas are: Projects that develop and prove advanced sensing technologies in the mine environment. Projects that help evolve understanding of the requirements for mine-wide information systems and how these can be used to facilitate unit interactions. Projects that make use of existing sensors on unit operations equipment to deliver improved understanding of machine operation. Projects that improve understanding of trade-offs between equipment productivity and damage and/or predict failures, leading to the development of duty meters. These project types are cross referenced to identified technology milestones in the automation road map. Feedback obtained from a mine-site based focus group was obtained on the relevance of several of these the automation technology milestones to current operations.
Compte rendu du Colloque sur les élections sociales comparées aux élections politiques (1953)

Hoffmann Stanley. Compte rendu du Colloque sur les élections sociales comparées aux élections politiques. In: Revue française de science politique, 3ᵉ année, n°2, 1953. pp. 288-297.
Temperature Effect of a Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor with an Emitter-Edge-Thinning Structure (2006)

The temperature-dependent characteristics of an heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with an emitter-edge-thinning structure are studied and demonstrated. Based on the use of the emitter-edge-thinning structure, higher current gain and lower base surface-recombination current density over the measured temperature range are obtained. In addition, the device shows the improved thermal stability on dc current gain performance. Therefore, the studied HBT device with an emitter-edge-thinning structure has promise for low-power and higher temperature electronic applications.
What Looks Good with my Sofa: Multimodal Search Engine for Interior Design (2017)

In this paper, we propose a multi-modal search engine for interior design that combines visual and textual queries. The goal of our engine is to retrieve interior objects, e.g. furniture or wall clocks, that share visual and aesthetic similarities with the query. Our search engine allows the user to take a photo of a room and retrieve with a high recall a list of items identical or visually similar to those present in the photo. Additionally, it allows to return other items that aesthetically and stylistically fit well together. To achieve this goal, our system blends the results obtained using textual and visual modalities. Thanks to this blending strategy, we increase the average style similarity score of the retrieved items by 11%. Our work is implemented as a Web-based application and it is planned to be opened to the public.
A Wideband, Low-Profile, Conical-Beam Antenna With Horizontal Polarization for Indoor Wireless Communications (2009)

A novel, horizontally polarized, conical-beam antenna is proposed. The antenna is low in profile (H = 0.1867lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> ) and has about 38% impedance bandwidth (SWR < 2) and average antenna gain of 5 dBi. The radiation patterns are stable across the operating band. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.
Cooperative visual team working and target tracking of mobile robots (2003)

The problem of visual coordination and target tracking mobile robots cooperating in an unstructured environment is addressed. In this paper, we consider a team of semi-autonomous robots controlled by a remote supervisory control system. We present an algorithm for visual position tracking of individual cooperative robots within their working environment. Initially, we present a technique suitable for visual servoing of a robot toward its landmark targets. Then, we present an image-processing technique that utilizes images from a remote surveillance camera for localization of the robots within the operational environment. In this algorithm, the surveillance camera can be either stationary or mobile. The supervisor control system keeps tracks of relative locations of individual robots and utilizes relative coordinates information of the robots to coordinate their cooperative activities. We present some results of this research effort that illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for cooperative robotic systems visual team working and target tracking.
Diastereomeric 6-desoxy-6-spiro-.alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactone derivatives of naltrexone and oxymorphone. Selective irreversible inhibition of naltrexone binding in an opioid receptor preparation by a conformationally restricted Michael acceptor ligand (1984)

The diastereomeric 6-desoxy-6-spiro-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone derivatives of naltrexone (4a and 5a) and of oxymorphone (4b and 5b) were prepared from their parent ketones. Diastereomers 4a and 4b were obtained from the 3,14-diacetate derivatives of naltrexone (6a) and oxymorphone (6b) by reaction with the Reformatsky reagent prepared from methyl alpha-(bromomethyl)acrylate. Deacetylation with methanol completed the synthesis. Diastereomers 5a and 5b were obtained from oxiranes 8a and 8b, respectively. The oxiranes were allowed to react with the sodium salt of ethyl acetoacetate, followed by methenation and deprotection to complete the synthesis of 5a and 5b, respectively. Compound 5a was the most potent agent tested in competition against [3H]naltrexone in the opioid radioreceptor assay. At a concentration of 5 nM this compound produced a 50% inhibition of binding. The majority of this inhibition (30%) was irreversible, i.e., it remained even after extensive washing of the membrane preparation in the presence and absence of Na+. Naloxone protected against this irreversible effect. The data suggest a receptor nucleophile, perhaps a sulfhydryl group, is located where it can add to the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl system of 5a.
Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer (2020)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of histology, therapeutic response, dissemination patterns to distant sites, and patient outcomes. Global gene expression analyses using high-throughput technologies have helped to explain much of this heterogeneity and provided important new classifications of cancer patients. In the last decade, genomic studies have established five breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, Claudin-low, Basal-like) and a Normal Breast-like group. In this review, we dissect the most recent data on this genomic classification of breast cancer with a special focus on the Claudin-low subtype, which appears enriched for mesenchymal and stem cell features. In addition, we discuss how the combination of standard clinical-pathological markers with the information provided by these genomic entities might help further understand the biological complexity of this disease, increase the efficacy of current and novel therapies, and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
The lysosomal proenzyme receptor that binds procathepsin L to microsomal membranes at pH 5 is a 43-kDa integral membrane protein. (1993)

Two lysosomal proenzymes, procathepsins L and D, bind to mouse fibroblast microsomal membranes at acidic pH. This membrane association is independent of the mannose-6-phosphate receptors and requires the presence of the N-terminal propeptides of the enzymes. We have identified the protein that specifically binds procathepsin L at pH 5. A 43-kDa membrane protein coimmunoprecipitated with procathepsin L at pH 5 but not at pH 7 when cells were denatured with detergents. Similarly, a 43-kDa integral membrane protein bound procathepsin L in three kinds of ligand blots at pH 5 but not at pH 7. A synthetic peptide containing the 24 N-terminal residues of mouse procathepsin L blocked the binding of procathepsin L to this integral membrane protein on ligand blots. These results indicate that the 43-kDa integral membrane protein is a lysosomal proenzyme receptor that specifically binds the procathepsin L activation peptide at acidic pH.
Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors and Detection: Arm Length Stabilization and Directed Searches for Isolated Neutron Stars. (2015)

The equations of General Relativity admit wave solutions, known as gravitational waves. Gravitational waves have been indirectly detected through observations of the decay of binary neutron star orbits, but have yet to be observed directly. Advanced LIGO aims to make the first direct detection of gravitational waves using a network of two interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Observations of gravitational waves would not only verify an important prediction of general relativity, but also provide information about some of the most extreme environments in the universe, such as supernovae, black holes, and neutron stars. This thesis covers issues related to both the operation of the Advanced LIGO interferometer and its potential use for neutron star multimessenger astronomy. Principal results include a method for dynamic characterization of long Fabry-Perot optical cavities, the implementation of an auxiliary differential wavefront sensing subsystem for Advanced LIGO arm locking, and the development of a search method for gravitational waves from unassociated gamma-ray emitters in the Fermi 3FGL catalog.
Effects of Intravenous Phospholipid on Low Density Lipoprotein Turnover in Man* (1976)

Abstract The mechanism of the rise in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels following intravenous administration of a triglyceride‐phospholipid emulsion (Intralipid) has been investigated by measuring LDL turnover in eight healthy subjects. The plasma half‐life, and the absolute and fractional catabolic rates of LDL protein (apo‐LDL) were unaffected by intragastric Intralipid, whereas apo‐LDL half‐life was prolonged and its fractional catabolic rate was decreased by intravenous Intralipid. Similar changes were observed after intravenous administration of the egg phospholipid constituent of Intralipid. Accompanying increases in the oleate: linoleate ratio of both high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol esters were secondary to phospholipid exchange between infused and endogenous lecithin. These results suggest that the increased concentration of LDL in plasma following intravenous administration of egg phospholipid‐containing emulsions was due, at least in part, to a decrease in the fractional catabolic rate of apo‐LDL. The data further suggest a possible relationship between apo‐LDL catabolism and the fatty acid composition of LDL.
Distribution of the Coronary Blood Flow across the Canine Heart Wall during Systole (1974)

The transmural distribution of left coronary blood flow during systole was studied by measuring the myocardial uptake of a bolus of 86 Rb introduced into the coronary circulation when the perfusion was limited to the periods of systole. The measurement revealed a transmural gradient of systolic blood flow with a flow rate in the outer fourth of the left ventricle about twice that in the inner fourth. A gradient of flow encompassing all depths of myocardial tissue revealed that intramyocardial pressure during systole was not sufficient to completely collapse the vessels and, therefore, did not exceed intraventricular pressure. The results of this experiment indicate that intramyocardial pressure limits coronary blood flow through a vascular sluice mechanism.