gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact Assessment of Uncertainty Propagation of Ensemble NWP Rainfall to Flood Forecasting with Catchment Scale (2016)

The common approach to quantifying the precipitation forecast uncertainty is ensemble simulations where a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model is run for a number of cases with slightly different initial conditions. In practice, the spread of ensemble members in terms of flood discharge is used as a measure of forecast uncertainty due to uncertain precipitation forecasts. This study presents the uncertainty propagation of rainfall forecast into hydrological response with catchment scale through distributed rainfall-runoff modeling based on the forecasted ensemble rainfall of NWP model. At first, forecast rainfall error based on the BIAS is compared with flood forecast error to assess the error propagation. Second, the variability of flood forecast uncertainty according to catchment scale is discussed using ensemble spread. Then we also assess the flood forecast uncertainty with catchment scale using an estimation regression equation between ensemble rainfall BIAS and discharge BIAS. Finally, the flood forecast uncertainty with RMSE using specific discharge in catchment scale is discussed. Our study is carried out and verified using the largest flood event by typhoon “Talas” of 2011 over the 33 subcatchments of Shingu river basin (2,360 km 2 ), which is located in the Kii Peninsula, Japan.
Dural venous sinus angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (2011)

In this small case series, dural sinus stenting for IIH was performed safely with a high degree of technical success and with excellent clinical outcomes. These results suggest that angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of medically refractory IIH in patients with dural sinus stenosis warrants further investigation as an alternative to LPS, VPS and ONSF.
New and possible future trends in inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) for semiconductor processing (1997)

ICPs have become one of the dominant high-density plasma sources for etching. More variations of ICP etch sources are currently being developed and inductive systems for high-density plasma deposition are also being developed. In addition, helicon inductive sources are being developed in single loop and spiral antenna configurations. In the future these two fields may merge to combine the optimum features of both systems. The physics of low-pressure ICP systems will be discussed. Experimental effects of multipole magnetic fields near the rf coil will be described as they relate to low pressure and electronegative gases.
Use of Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers for Soil Stabilization in Agricultural, Construction, and Military Applications (2006)

Three relatively new applications for controlling wind and water erosion using polyacrylamide copolymers are described that take advantage of their ability to stabilize and add structure to soil. In the first application, low concentrations of anionic, high purity polyacrylamide (PAM) eliminates sediment in runoff water by more than 90% when added to irrigation water at 10ppm , or at a rate of 1 to 2kgha−1 per irrigation. Lab-furrow tests were utilized to characterize the role of molecular weight, charge, and ion concentrations in applying PAM during irrigation. In the second application, PAM is applied at construction sites and road cuts at rates of 22.5kgha−2 (tenfold higher rates than in irrigation control) resulting in reduction in sediment runoff by 60–85% during (simulated) heavy rains. Finally, a formulation of PAM mixed with aluminum chlorohydrate and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) superabsorbent at a ratio of (6:1:1) has been applied to create helicopter landing pads that minimize dust clouds during helicopter operation. This formulation was specifically developed to minimize dust clouds during landing of helicopters in fine, arid soils such as those potentially encountered in the Middle East. A biodegradable alternative to PAM, acid-hydrolyzed cellulose microfibrils, was tested in lab-scale furrows and was less effective than PAM at similar concentrations, but show promises. Microfibrils reduce sediment run-off in lab-furrow tests by 88% when applied at eight- to tenfold the concentration of PAM.
Sickle Cell Disease. (2016)

To the Editor: Isanaka and colleagues (March 23 issue) 1 tested a heat-stable rotavirus vaccine in Niger and report an efficacy of 66.7% against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the per-protocol population.The purpose of rotavirus vaccination is ultimately to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and diarrhea-related death.However, the rate of severe gastroenteritis due to any cause was not significantly lower among the vaccinated infants than among those who received placebo (difference in rate, 1.97 cases per 100 personyears; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.28 to 5.22).The lack of efficacy against severe gastroenteritis has not been highlighted in the discussion although this information is crucial for decision makers.The intention-to-treat analysis more closely reflects efficacy in real-world conditions.Everyone who received the first dose of vaccine was included in the intention-to-treat analysis; 86% of them went on to receive all three doses per the protocol and were included in the per-protocol analysis.In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a significantly higher rate of gastroenteritis due to any cause in the vaccine group than in the placebo group (difference in rate, -6.59 cases per 100 person-years; 95% CI, -11.89 to -1.29 [negative difference values favor the placebo group]).Again, there was no benefit of the vaccine against severe gastroenteritis.This vaccine could aggravate the problem it is meant to solve in resource-poor countries.
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth of InGaN/GaN high power green light emitting diode: Effects of InGaN well protection and electron reservoir layer (2007)

We investigated the effects of the well protection layer (WPL) and electron reservoir layer (ERL) on the emission properties of InGaN/GaN green multiple quantum wells (MQWs). In order to increase their emission wavelength by preventing the volatile InGaN well, a thin GaN WPL was coated subsequently on each well layer at the same temperature before ramping-up the temperature to grow the GaN barrier. It was found that the WPL directly influenced the indium content and optical properties of the MQW. The indium content was in fact increased, as was evident from the x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence experiments. Then, to explore the possibility of enhancing the quantum efficiency by increasing the electron capture rate, a superlattice ERL composed of ten pairs of InGaN/GaN was embedded between the MQW and n-GaN. The electroluminescence intensity of the green light emitting diode with the ERL was up to three times higher than that of the diode without the ERL. These results imply that the carrier capture by the MQW is significantly improved by the additional superlattice ERL, which consequently leads to the enhancement of the quantum efficiency.
An Adaptive Hierarchical Occlusion Culling Algorithm for Interactive Large Model Visualization (2001)

This paper describes a new occlusion cu lling technique for efficient visibility determination in real-time environments. There are two major contributions of our work. First, we present an efficient algorithm to determine a set of potential occluders by sampling the virtual environment by sending rays from the camera into the view frustum. Thus, the set of potential occluders is always a subset of actually visible objects. We show how we can reduce the number of occlusion tests based on the fact that we use only visible occluders. Second, we present an algorithm that reduces the number of unsuccessful tests for occlusion significantly. We control the activation and de-activation of potential occluders for actual testing based on previous testing results. This control reduces the number of occlusion tests by a factor of 1.5-10 depending on the underlying scene geometry compared to testing against all potential occluders. This results in a significant increase of the frame rate. Our algorithms do not make any assumptions on how the actual occlusion test for a single object against a different object is implemented. Rather, we present a high level frame-work to control the occlusion tests. We exploit frame-to-frame coherence and the underlying techniques can easily be adapted to dynamic environments with moving objects.
The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide improves prediction of clinical allergic reaction to peanut challenge in children (2013)

Prospectively measured Ara h2-specific IgE improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unsuccessful challenge to peanut. FeNO levels may provide improved diagnostic accuracy in a paediatric population undergoing OFC. The proposed FeNO-based diagnostic algorithm requires further validation studies.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer (2012)

Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
Immunoblotting and Immunodetection (1998)

Immunoblotting (often referred to as western blotting) is used to identify specific antigens recognized by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. This unit presents procedures for electrophoretically transferring antigens from a denaturing polyacrylamide gel in a tank or a semidry transfer apparatus to a nitrocellulose, PVDF, or nylon membrane. The process can be monitored by reversible staining or by Ponceau S staining, both of which are described here. A protocol for blotting previously stained gels is also described. The transferred proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, providing access for reaction with immunodetection reagents. All remaining binding sites are blocked by immersing the membrane in a solution containing either a protein or detergent blocking agent. After probing with the primary antibody, the membrane is washed and the antibody-antigen complexes are identified with horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) or alkaline phosphatase enzymes coupled to the secondary anti-IgG antibody (e.g., goat anti-rabbit IgG). The enzymes are attached directly or via an avidin-biotin bridge to the secondary antibody, and protocols are provided for both methods. Chromogenic or luminescent substrates are then used as described to visualize the activity. Finally, a method for stripping and reprobing membranes is presented.
Onchocerca Volvulus: Detection of Circulating Antigen by Monoclonal Antibodies in Human Onchocerciasis (1983)

A monoclonal antibody of the IgM class recognizing Onchocerca volvulus circulating antigen (COA) was obtained. This monoclonal antibody was used in a radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay (RIPEGA) to detect circulating antigen in onchocerciasis patients' sera. COA could be detected in 63 (80%) of the 79 African patient sera tested, and in 126 (76%) of the 164 Indian (Venezuela) sera studied. There was no direct correlation between the presence of COA detected in the patient serum and the level of microfilarodermia. The RIPEGA using this monoclonal antibody detected COA in 91% of children under 10 years old, whereas the microfilarodermia in this group was positive in only 52% of the cases. The specificity of this test is improved compared to the results obtained with polyclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence studies suggest that the COA might be located in the microfilaria cuticle.
Acceleration of reactions by enzymes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcceleration of reactions by enzymesWilliam N. LipscombCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 8, 232–238Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00080a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (834 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of Metal in M<sub>3</sub>(btc)<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>2</sub>(dobdc) MOFs for O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> Separations: A Combined Density Functional Theory and Experimental Study (2015)

Computational screening of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials for selective oxygen adsorption from air is used to identify new sorbents for oxyfuel combustion process feedstock streams. A comprehensive study on the effect of MOF metal chemistry on gas binding energies in two common but structurally disparate MOFs has been undertaken. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to calculate the oxygen and nitrogen binding energies with each of 14 metals, respectively, substituted into two MOF series, M2(dobdc) and M3(btc)2. The accuracy of DFT methods was validated by comparing trends in binding energy with experimental gas sorption measurements. A periodic trend in oxygen binding energies was found, with greater oxygen binding energies for early transition-metal-substituted MOFs compared to late transition metal MOFs; this was independent of MOF structural type. The larger binding energies were associated with oxygen binding in a side-on configuration to the metal, with concomitant lengthening of the O–O bond. In contrast, nitrogen binding energies were similar across the transition metal series, regardless of both MOF structural type and metal identity. Taken together, these findings suggest that early transition metal MOFs are best suited to separating oxygen from nitrogen and that the MOF structural type is less important than the metal identity.
A gas filter correlation monitor for CO, CH4, and HCl (1977)

A fast response instrument for monitoring the atmospheric constituents CO, CH4, and HCl, using a modified nondispersive infrared technique, was designed, assembled, and tested. This gas filter correlation method uses a sample of gas to provide a selective filter for radiation absorbed in a gas mixture containing the specified gas. Depending on the spectral line broadening, temperature, and optical depth of the gas selected, exceptionally high spectral resolution may be attained. A description of the single beam rotating cell system and its specific application is presented along with the signal processing circuit. Calibrations of the instrument show that the technique can be used to measure CO, CH4, and HCl concentrations as small as 5 ppm-m. A field version was employed to measure diurnal variations of CO and CH4 and the interfering effects of other atmospheric gases were analyzed.
Optimum lopsided binary trees (1989)

Binary search trees with costs α and β, respectively, on the left and right edges (lopsided search trees) are considered. The exact shape, minimum worst-case cost, and minimum average cost of lopsided trees of n internal nodes are determined for nonnegative α and β; the costs are both roughly log p ( n + 1) where p is the unique real number in the interval (1. 2] satisfying 1/ p α + 1/ p β = 1. Search procedures are given that come within a small additive constant of the lower bounds. Almost-optimum algorithms for the lopsided case of unbounded searching are also obtained. Some extensions to nonconstant costs are briefly sketched.
Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of Expression of Leukocyte-type 12-Lipoxygenase in Porcine Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1995)

Activation of a leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) has been proposed to be an important mechanism for angiotensin II- and glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Currently, no specific pharmacological inhibitors for the leukocyte-type 12-LO are available to test this hypothesis. We have therefore designed a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme to produce cleavage at the first GUC sequence at nucleotide 7 of porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA. The ribozyme was tested in vitro with a 206-base 12-LO mRNA as substrate. We observed that the ribozyme specifically and dose-dependently cleaved porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA at the predicted site under physiological temperature. Furthermore, we also efficiently delivered the ribozyme into porcine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells by transfection with cationic liposomes. The ribozyme caused a dose-dependent decrease in levels of porcine leukocyte-type 12-LO mRNA in these cells and was more potent than an antisense oligonucleotide directed against porcine leukocyte 12-LO. The 12-LO ribozyme also attenuated 12-LO protein levels in the cells. The action of the ribozyme was primarily a result of its catalytic activity, since a modified ribozyme that lacks catalytic activity showed reduced effects. This represents the first ribozyme directed against a mammalian LO pathway. These results demonstrate the potential utility of new ribozyme technology to generate novel agents for gene modulation experiments to modify the development or progression of vascular disease in humans.
A review of modern insulin analogue pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in type 2 diabetes: improvements and limitations (2011)

Insulin analogues have been engineered to enhance desired molecular properties without altering immunogenicity. The majority of insulin pharmacology studies are conducted in healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes. At present, there are more patients with type 2 than type 1 diabetes receiving insulin treatment. As the responsibility for initiating insulin therapy in these patients continues to shift to primary care, it will be important for general practitioners to understand the different pharmacological properties of insulin preparations in patients with type 2 diabetes, so that treatment can be adapted to meet patients' physiological and lifestyle requirements. The purpose of this review is to summarize pharmacological studies of insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes. Faster onset of action of rapid acting insulin analogues has improved postprandial glycaemic control. Biphasic insulin analogues are associated with a lower incidence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia compared with human biphasic preparations and allow for intensification from once to twice or thrice daily dosing. More predictable glycaemic-lowering profiles of the insulin analogues have also led to reductions in nocturnal hypoglycaemia, particularly comparing long-acting insulin analogues with protaminated human insulin. Enhancing insulin self-association and reversible binding with albumin has led to further reductions in variability. However, improvements can still be made. Effective once daily clinical dosing of long-acting insulin analogues is not possible in all patients. In addition, the protaminated component of biphasic insulin analogues do not provide the duration of action or profile for physiological basal insulin replacement and neither insulin glargine nor insulin detemir are suitable for mixing with other insulin analogues as this would substantially alter their pharmacokinetic properties. Enhancing the pharmacological predictability and extending the duration of action could simplify insulin titration and further reduce the incidence of hypoglycaemia.
Economic Botany: Plants in Our World (1986)

Features of flowering plants and their products the nature of variation in plants origins of agriculture fruits and nuts of temperate regions fruits and nuts of warm regions grains and forage grasses legumes foods from leaves, stems and roots spices, herbs and perfumes vegetable oils and waxes hydrogels, elastic latexes and resins plants in medicine psychoactive drugs and poisons from plants stimulating beverages alcoholic beverages fibres, dyes and tannins wood, cork and bamboo ornamental plants algae the uses of plants in the future.
SURVIVAL OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN A LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT (1994)

Cattral, Mark S.; Langnas, Alan N.; Wisecarver, James L.; Harper, James C.; Rubocki, Ronald J.; Bynon, J Stevenson; Fox, Ira J.; Heffron, Thomas G.; Shaw, Byers W. Jr. Author Information
Rhodamine 110-Linked Amino Acids and Peptides as Substrates To Measure Caspase Activity upon Apoptosis Induction in Intact Cells (1999)

Caspases (cysteine aspartate-specific proteases) are a structurally related group of cysteine proteases that cleave peptide bonds following specific recognition sequences. They play a central role in activating apoptosis of vertebrate cells. To measure apoptosis induced by various stimuli and at an early apoptotic stage, caspases are an ideal target. This is especially the case when apoptotic cells have to be analyzed ex vivo before phagocytes remove them. A new and sensitive caspase assay is based on a substrate that contains only aspartate residues linked to rhodamine 110. With this and similar substrates, we are able to detect intracellular caspase activation by flow cytometry after apoptosis induction in intact hematopoetic cell lines.
Cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 in infantile autism (2006)

There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. We measured insulin-like growth factors (IGF) -1 and -2 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by radio immunoassay in 25 children with autism (median age 5y 5mo; range 1y 11mo-15y 10mo; 20 males, 5 females), and in 16 age-matched comparison children without disability (median age 7y 4mo; range 1y 1mo-15y 2mo; eight males, eight females). IGF-1 and -2 concentrations were further correlated with age of patients and head size. CSF IGF-1 concentration was significantly lower in patients with autism than in the comparison group. The CSF concentrations of children with autism under 5 years of age were significantly lower than their age-matched comparisons. The head circumferences correlated with CSF IGF-1 in children with autism but no such correlation was found in the comparison group. There was no difference between the two groups in CSF IGF-2 concentrations. No patients with autism had macrocephaly. We conclude that low concentrations of CSF IGF-1 at an early age might be linked with the pathogenesis in autism because IGF-1 is important for the survival of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The head growth might be explained by the actions of IGF-1 and -2 reflected in CSF concentrations.