gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Satellite Cloud Imagery in Track Analysis of Tropical Cyclones (2013)

ABSTRACT: China is frequently affected by tropical cyclones in summer and autumn because its southern and eastern parts border low-latitude oceans. The track forecasting of tropical cyclones is a key issue in weather forecasting. In daily operations, forecasters usually focus on the effects of environmental flow fields on tropical cyclones, such as the subtropical high pressure belt, the basic flow, the troughs and ridges in westerlies, the cross-equatorial flow, the equatorial convergence belt, and the polar front. However, these factors become less significant when the environmental fields are so weak that the steering flow does not play a vital role or we cannot accurately determine the evolution of the environment flow field. Meteorological satellite cloud imagery can fill the data gap of conventional observations and provide important clues for forecasting the status and development of tropical cyclones when they are included in day-to-day weather forecasting operations. In this study, using “Muifa”, “Haikui” and other typhoons as examples, the effects of the cloud pattern and the large-scale environmental vapor fields, on the moving tracks of typhoons were analyzed based on satellite data. The results showed that the change of structures of typhoon spiral cloud bands and the turning of the typhoon path were taking on greater relevance, and at the same time the satellite water vapor images had obvious advantages in terms of indicating the large-scale environmental fields. A combination of satellite cloud imagery, observational data, and weather event analysis remains the most effective approach in the operational forecasting of typhoon moving tracks. Keywords: typhoon, moving track, satellite cloud imagery, environmental field
Visualization and Human Factors in Electric Power System Operation (2008)

Abstract--Optimal and effective operation of a large power system requires analysis of a huge amount of information by the system operators. In a large power system, it is a challenge to present the vast amount of data in a way, which assists the operators in assessing the state of the system and responding expeditiously. Restructuring of the power sector worldwide, the advent of new market mechanisms and the need to analyze various parameters and available security margins has made this challenge all the more formidable. These challenges are a prime mover for the continuous improvement and evolution of new visualization techniques. Effective visualization methods, techniques and tools are key to empowering the system operator and facilitating quick operator response under critical conditions. Internet and the development of new IT tools have added a new dimension for the power system operator. Analysis in real time and drill-downs into the data are required by the operator for a detailed investigation. Effective power system visualization capability is a strong motivating factor for the operator for improving his response and productivity. This paper describes the visualization methods, tools and techniques implemented and used by the Indian power system operator. Classical displays including single line diagrams, tabular displays, load curves, bar charts, pie charts, tie line interconnection diagrams, etc. have been discussed. New methods used more recently like multi-layered displays, macro visualization of a parameter over longer duration using zooming and panning, 3-D presentations, contours, data leveling, animation etc. and future methods such as GIS Maps are discussed. The human aspects and the ability of operators to comprehend and respond to the information presented to them in various formats are also discussed.
A Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Cephalotaxine Using Sequential <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ion Reactions (2002)

[reaction: see text] Novel synthesis of cephalotaxine 1 based on tertiary N-acyliminium ion chemistry starting from alkynylamide 2 was achieved. The key steps include the preparation of pyrroloisoquinoline 4 from alkynylamide 2, the ring expansion of pyrroloisoquinoline 4 to pyrrolobenzazepine 12, and the construction of cyclopentapyrrolobenzazepine ring system 6, all of which are derived from N-acyliminium ion intermediates.
Swelling studies of vanadium and a vanadium−1 wt.% titanium alloy using ion simulation techniques (1975)

The void swelling of HPV and V−1 Ti has been investigated by irradiating the samples side by side with 3−MeV 51V+ ions to damage doses between 2.4 and 54 dpa at a temperature of 700°C. Examination of the irradiated samples by transmission electron microscopy revealed that voids and dislocation networks had formed at 2.4 dpa in HPV and that swelling increased less than linearly with dose. In contrast, V−1 Ti showed negligible swelling even at 54 dpa. The swelling resistance of V−1 Ti to large doses is believed to be, at least in part, due to irradiation−induced precipitation.
Simple and quick repair of cardiac rupture due to blunt chest trauma (2012)

Atrial rupture following blunt chest trauma carries a high mortality rate. It can be difficult to maintain hemodynamic stability and control massive bleeding due to poor visualization. We describe a case in which bleeding control was obtained simply and effectively using a Satinsky clamp, allowing repair of atrial rupture without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Electron propagation along a nanowire: a study in chattering (1998)

Recent fabrication techniques have made it possible to create wires of submicron diameters, as small as a few tens of nanometers, and lengths of hundreds of microns. These nanowires have properties, including electrical conductivities, that differ greatly from the properties of the bulk material. It is necessary to simulate these characteristics of nanowires in an efficient and predictive fashion. While these structures are small on the scale of everyday objects, they still consist of thousands, if not millions, of nuclei and electrons, and hence a full a priori quantum mechanical treatment of these nanowires is not likely to be available in the near future. In this contribution, we present an efficient new approach for the simulation of electron transport along a nanowire. We see that our classical simulations, in which we have propagated one hundred thousand trajectories, result in chaotic scattering, that is chattering, of the electron.
Restriction of the T-cell repertoire in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from nine patients with renal-cell carcinoma relevance of the CDR3 length analysis for the identification ofin situ clonal T-cell expansions (1996)

Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the human cancers which respond best to immunotherapy. To better characterize the mechanism of the immune response in RCC, we analyzed the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain repertoire in primary RCC, metastases and paired peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 9 patients. For 3 of these, we analyzed T cells recovered from normal kidney, or from tumor-involved lymph nodes as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in vitro for adoptive immunotherapy. The initial semi-quantitative RT-PCR method for definition of the Vbeta gene usage was not informative enough to distinguish intratumoral clonal T-cell expansions. In contrast, the length pattern analysis of the complementary determining regions 3 (CDR3) allowed oligoclonal T-cell populations to be detected in fresh TIL form the 9 patients with RCC. Furthermore, these oligoclonal TIL populations were not present in normal renal tissue, autologous PBL or tumor-involved lymph nodes. Different clonal T-cell expansions were identified in the primary tumor and in a pulmonary metastasis from the same patient. The detection of clonal T-cell populations observed in RCC suggests an in situ expansion in response to potential tumor antigens. This report provides an overall and accurate description of the T-cell repertoire in a significant number of samples from patients with RCC.
Fortification of foods by fermentation with lysine-excreting mutants of lactobacilli (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFortification of foods by fermentation with lysine-excreting mutants of lactobacilliDavid C. Sands and Lester HankinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1976, 24, 6, 1104–1106Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60208a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (407 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Emerging trends in metal-containing block copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly, and nanomanufacturing applications (2013)

Block copolymers with metals confined in one or more blocks are emerging as candidate materials for nanomanufacturing applications due to their unprecedented nanoscale pattern transfer capabilities. In this article we highlight recent developments in metal-containing block copolymers in terms of their novel synthetic methodologies with particular emphasis on sequential infiltration synthesis, their hierarchical self-assembly from nano, meso, and submicron scales, and their applications as an etch mask for high-throughput, high-aspect-ratio nano and meso scale patterning.
The Metaflow architecture (1991)

The Metaflow architecture, a unified approach to maximizing the performance of superscalar microprocessors, is introduced. The Metaflow architecture exploits inherent instruction-level parallelism in conventional sequential programs by hardware means, without relying on optimizing compilers. It is based on a unified structure, the DRIS (deferred-scheduling, register-renaming instruction shelf), that manages out-of-order execution and most of the attendant problems. Coupling the DRIS with a speculative-execution mechanism that avoids conditional branch stalls results in performance limited only be inherent instruction-level parallelism and available execution resources. Although presented in the context of superscalar machines, the technique is equally applicable to a superpipelined implementation. Lightning, the first implementation of the Metaflow architecture, which executes the Sparc RISC instruction set is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electron field emission from patterned nanocrystalline diamond coated a-SiO2 micrometer-tip arrays (2008)

We report the fabrication of patterned nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) submicrometer-tip arrays. This includes synthesis of silica (a-SiO2) templates by conventional vapor-liquid-solid method and conformal coating of the a-SiO2 nanowires with 5–10nm sized nanodiamond grains by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Detailed structural investigations were carried out by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electron field emission of nanodiamond emitter arrays was observed with a threshold field of 5.5V∕μm. A high emission current density of 10mAcm−2 at 11V∕μm has been obtained. This value is comparable to those of high quality NCD films deposited on silicon substrates.
Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation dose distributions using a polymer-gel dosimeter (1994)

A new formulation of a tissue-equivalent polymer-gel dosimeter for the measurement of three-dimensional dose distributions of ionizing radiation has been developed. It is composed of aqueous gelatin infused with acrylamide and N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide monomers, and made hypoxic by nitrogen saturation. Irradiation of the gel, referred to as BANG, causes localized polymerization of the monomers, which, in turn, reduces the transverse NMR relaxation times of water protons. The dose dependence of the NMR transverse relaxation rate, R2, is reproducible (less than 2% variation) and is linear up to about 8 Gy, with a slope of 0.25 s(-1)Gy(-1) at 1.5 T. Magnetic resonance imaging may be used to obtain accurate three-dimensional dose distributions with high spatial resolution. Since the radiation-induced polymers do not diffuse through the gelatin matrix, the dose distributions recorded by BANG gels are stable for long periods of time, and may be used to measure low-activity radioactive sources. Since the light-scattering properties of the polymerized regions are different from those of the clear, non-irradiated regions, the dose distributions are visible, and their optical densities are dependent on dose.
Neuritogenic Determinant of Bovine P<sub>2</sub> Protein in Peripheral Nerve Myelin (1982)

Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) is an experimentally produced demyelinating disease of peripheral nervous system. Several peptides of bovine P2 protein were tested for neuritogenic activity in Lewis rats. The hexacosapeptide CiT4 (residues 53--78 of bovine P2 protein) showed the highest neuritogenic activity among the peptides tested. The nonapeptide (residues 70--78) and the tridecapeptide (residues 66--78) were synthesized using the liquid phase peptide synthesis technique. The tridecapeptide showed mild, but definite activity in inducing EAN in the rats, while the nonapeptide was inactive. The localization of the neuritogenic determinant of bovine P2 protein in Lewis rats is discussed.
Recommendations of the European Association of Echocardiography How to use echo-Doppler in clinical trials: different modalities for different purposes (2011)

The European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) has developed the present recommendations to assist clinical researchers in the design, implementation, and conduction of echocardiographic protocols for clinical trials and to guarantee their quality. Clinical trials should be designed and conducted based on the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the clinical condition studied, the technical characteristics of the echo-Doppler modalities, and the variability of the tested parameters. These procedures are important to choose the most reliable and reproducible techniques and parameters. Quality assurance must be guaranteed by adequate training of peripheral site operators to obtain optimal echo-Doppler data and by using a core laboratory for accurate and reproducible data analysis.
Folate Receptor Alpha, Mesothelin and Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor as Potential Serum Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

Renal disease is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. Early diagnosis is usually based on the detection of proteinuria or elevated serum creatinine, a relatively poor biomarker that does not accurately predict renal disease progression. As a result, more predictive biomarkers of renal function are sought. We present preliminary data on three protein biomarkers, folate receptor alpha (FRA), mesothelin (MSLN), and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF), currently being pursued for applications in oncology diagnostics, and evaluate serum and urine levels in subjects with renal disease. Compared to healthy subjects, a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in all three biomarkers in both serum and urine of subjects with renal disease was demonstrated. Further, serum levels of these three protein biomarkers increased with increasing stage of disease suggesting their potential value in predicting progression in subjects with renal disease and raising caution in interpretation of data in oncology applications.
An Item Pool to Assess Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer’s Disease (1997)

The evaluation of activities of daily living (ADL) is an underdeveloped area in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). If an anti-dementia drug improves cognitive function or slows the rate of progression of AD, ideally this effect should extrapolate to a change in a patient’s ADL if it is clinically appreciable. Consequently, ADL assessment was identified as an important initiative by the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS), a multi-center consortium formed to carry out clinical trials in AD.
Strong Brønsted acid promoted asymmetric hydrogenation of isoquinolines and quinolines catalyzed by a Rh–thiourea chiral phosphine complex via anion binding (2016)

Rhodium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of both isoquinolines and quinolines provides a new method to synthesize chiral tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydroquinolines. By introducing strong Brønsted acid HCl, anion binding between the substrate and the ligand was established to achieve high reactivity and high enantioselectivity (up to 99% conversion and 99% ee). An NMR study suggests an anion binding between the catalyst and the substrate. Deuterium labeling experiments reveal a plausible reaction pathway.
Achromatic phase retarder applied to  MWIR & LWIR dual-band (2010)

The development of the dual-band IR imaging polarimetry creates the need for achromatic phase retarder used in dual-band. Dielectric grating with the period smaller than the illuminating wavelength presents a strong form-birefringence. With this feature, the combination of several subwavelength gratings can be used as achromatic phase retarders. We proposed a combination of 4 subwavelength structured gratings (SWGs) used as an achromatic quarter-wave plate (QWP) applied to MWIR & LWIR bandwidths. Design method using effective medium theory and optimization algorithms is described in detail. The simulation results led to the possibility of an dual-band achromatic QWP whose retardance deviates from 90 degrees by <+/-0.75 degrees with the fast axis unfixed and by <+/-1.35 degrees with the fast axis fixed over MWIR(3-5microm) & LWIR(8-12microm) bandwiths.
Macromolecular Engineering of In-situ Forming Hydrogels (2015)

Using a home built tensile tester adhesion and mechanical properties of injectable enzymatically crosslinkable hydrogels were determined by placing the hydrogels in between cartilage surfaces. Dextran tyramine (Dex-TA) and hyaluronic acid tyramine (HA-TA) conjugates as well as a 50/50 composite material of these polysaccharide conjugates were tested. To integrate the injectable hydrogels with the cartilage tissue pretreatment of the tissue with a dextran tyramine conjugate solution strongly improved the adhesion. Only failure of the crosslinked hydrogel was observed and not at the hydrogel tissue interface. Moduli of a Dex-TA hydrogel are higher than those of a HA-TA hydrogel whereas the ultimate strain of the HA-TA hydrogel was at least 3 times higher. The Dex-TA/HA-TA hydrogel has similar storage and elastic moduli as the Dex-TA gel and also an ultimate strain of ~30 %, similarly as found for the HA-TA gel. The controlled biodegradability and gelation time of the Dex-TA/HA-TA hydrogel, the developed method for strong tissue adhesion of the gel particularly in comparison to fibrin glue makes this material applicable as an injectable hydrogel for tissue regeneration applications.
The design, construction, and operation of long-distance high-voltage electricity transmission technologies. (2008)

This report focuses on transmission lines, which operate at voltages of 115 kV and higher. Currently, the highest voltage lines comprising the North American power grid are at 765 kV. The grid is the network of transmission lines that interconnect most large power plants on the North American continent. One transmission line at this high voltage was built near Chicago as part of the interconnection for three large nuclear power plants southwest of the city. Lines at this voltage also serve markets in New York and New England, also very high demand regions. The large power transfers along the West Coast are generally at 230 or 500 kV. Just as there are practical limits to centralization of power production, there are practical limits to increasing line voltage. As voltage increases, the height of the supporting towers, the size of the insulators, the distance between conductors on a tower, and even the width of the right-of-way (ROW) required increase. These design features safely isolate the electric power, which has an increasing tendency to arc to ground as the voltage (or electrical potential) increases. In addition, very high voltages (345 kV and above) are subject to corona losses. These losses are a result of ionization of the atmosphere, and can amount to several megawatts of wasted power. Furthermore, they are a local nuisance to radio transmission and can produce a noticeable hum. Centralized power production has advantages of economies of scale and special resource availability (for instance, hydro resources), but centralized power requires long-distance transfers of power both to reach customers and to provide interconnections for reliability. Long distances are most economically served at high voltages, which require large-scale equipment and impose a substantial footprint on the corridors through which power passes. The most visible components of the transmission system are the conductors that provide paths for the power and the towers that keep these conductors at a safe distance from each other and from the ground and the natural and built environment. Common elements that are generally less visible (or at least more easily overlooked) include the maintained ROW along the path of the towers, access roads needed for maintenance, and staging areas used for initial construction that may be restored after construction is complete. Also visible but less common elements along the corridor may include switching stations or substations, where lines of similar or different voltages meet to transfer power.
THE INHIBITION OF PLASMIN, PLASMA KALLIKREIN, PLASMA PERMEABILITY FACTOR, AND THE C'1r SUBCOMPONENT OF THE FIRST COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT BY SERUM C'1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR (1969)

The fraction of human serum designated as C'1 esterase inhibitor is known to inhibit the action of C'1 esterase, a plasma kallikrein, and PF/Dil, an enzyme in plasma enhancing cutaneous vascular permeability. In the present study, C'1 esterase inhibitor has been found to block the actions of plasmin and the C'1r subcomponent of the first component of complement, and to retard the generation of PF/Dil. No inhibition of blood clotting or of the generation of plasmin was demonstrable.