gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing liver fibrosis (2008)

Prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases greatly depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis. Although liver biopsy is still considered as the gold standard to evaluate fibrosis in the liver, it is an invasive procedure, with rare but potentially life-threatening complications, and is prone to sampling errors. These limitations have stimulated the search for new noninvasive approaches. A number of methods, including serum indices and the measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastography, have been proposed for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, mainly in patients with chronic hepatitis C. It can be anticipated that these noninvasive methods will become an important tool in clinical practice in the near future. This review is aimed at discussing the advantages and limits of these methods and the perspectives for their rationale for use in clinical practice.
A Survey of Security Issues and Solutions in Presence (2006)

With the growth of presence based services, it is important to securely manage and distribute sensitive presence information such as user location. We survey techniques that are used for security and privacy of presence information. In particular, we describe the SIMPLE based presence specific authentication, integrity and confidentiality. We also discuss the IETF's common policy for geo-privacy, presence authorization for presence information privacy and distribution of different levels of presence information to different watchers. Additionally, we describe an open problem of getting the aggregated presence from the trusted server without the server knowing the presence information, and propose a solution. Finally, we discuss denial of service attacks on the presence system and ways to mitigate them.
Case Study and Audiologic Management of a Child With Treacher Collins Syndrome (2002)

No AccessPerspectives on Hearing Conservation and Occupational AudiologyArticle1 Apr 2002Case Study and Audiologic Management of a Child With Treacher Collins Syndrome Tamara M. Scott Tamara M. Scott Riley Hospital for ChildrenIndianapolis, IN Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/hcoa8.1.15 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In References Allanson, J. (1995). Genetic hearing loss associated with external ear abnormalities. In R. J. Gorlin, F. T. Helga, & M. M. Cohen (Eds.), Hereditary hearing loss and its syndromes (pp. 113–122). New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar Dillon, H. (2001). Hearing aids. Sydney, Australia: Boomerang Press. Google Scholar Jahrsdoerfer, R. A., & Jacobson, J. T. (1995). Treacher-collins syndrome: Otologic and auditory management.Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 6, 93–102. Google Scholar Jung, J. H. (1989). Genetic syndromes in communication disorders. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. Google Scholar Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 8Issue 1April 2002Pages: 15-17 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Apr 1, 2002 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 2002 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Political Campaign Financing: Tax Incentives for Small Contributors (1958)

One of the most important responsibilities of a democratic society is to safeguard the integrity of its electoral system.The democratic blueprint must be implemented so as to assure free, equal, and meaningful access to the polls.The 85th Congress has made great strides in this direction by the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 to protect the right to vote of all our citizens.'But the ability to vote is no guarantee of its meaningful exercise, or, for that matter, of its exercise at all.It is to this end that our political campaigns are directed. 2 The proper conduct of such campaigns is a vital stimulant to the optimal functioning of the electoral process.Yet on this subject, congressional action does not seem to be forthcoming.One major problem in political campaigning today concerns campaign financing. 8This is a problem which has become more
Animal management to reduce phosphorus losses to the environment1 (2004)

Water quality in the United States is threatened by contamination with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. Animal manure can be a valuable resource for farmers, providing nutrients, improving soil structure, and increasing vegetative cover to decrease erosion potential. At the same time, application of manure nutrients in excess of crop requirements can result in environmental contamination. Environmental concerns with P are primarily associated with pollution of surface water (streams, lakes, rivers). This pollution may be caused by runoff of P when application to land is in excess of crop requirements. Increased specialization and concentration of livestock and crop production has led to the net export of nutrients from major crop-producing areas of the country to areas with a high concentration of animal agriculture. Concentrated animal agriculture has been identified as a significant source of P contamination of surface water. Areas facing the dilemma of an economically important livestock industry concentrated in an environmentally sensitive area have few options. If agricultural practices continue as they have in the past, continued damage to water resources and a loss of fishing and recreational activity are inevitable. If agricultural productivity is decreased, however, the maintenance of a stable farm economy, a viable rural economy, and a reliable domestic food supply are seriously threatened. Decreasing the P content of manure through nutrition is a powerful, cost-effective approach to reducing P losses from livestock farms and will help farmers meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. This paper reviews opportunities available to reduce the P content of livestock manure, including more accurate interpretation of the published P requirements of animals, improved diet formulation and group-feeding strategies to more precisely meet requirements, and approaches to improve availability of feed P for monogastric and ruminant species.
Catalytic reactivity of organometallic, compounds for olefin polymerization. I. Diethylcadmium and other related compounds (1959)

Abstract Diethylcadmium induces vinyl polymerization in the presence of some oxygen compounds. Copolymerization between styrene and methyl methacrylate using diethylcadmium resulted in the formation of copolymers having the same composition as those from the typical radical copolymerization. These results suggest at least the propagation stage of the present polymerization to proceed according to the radical mechanism. However, benzoquinone or hydroquinone in an appropriate quantity was found to be an effective co‐catalyst toward this polymerization. A possible mechanism for this is advanced. Comparative study of polymerizations with ethyl derivatives of zinc, aluminium and antimony has revealed that these polymerizations are also radical type in character. Finally, in connection with the ZIEGLER‐catalyst, the behavior of the mixture of diethylcadmium and titanium tetrachloride (4 : 1 in mole ratio) toward various vinyl monomers is exatnined.
Corrosion Inhibition by Beet Root Extract (2009)

The inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract of beet root (BR) in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in well water in the absence and presence of Zn 2+ has been evaluated by mass loss method. The formulation consisting of 4 mL of BR extract and 50 ppm Zn 2+ offers 98% inhibition efficiency to carbon steel immersed in well water. A synergistic effect exists between BR extract and Zn 2+ . Addition of N-Cetyl-N,N,Ntrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) does not change the excellent inhibition efficiency of the BR -Zn 2+ system. The BR -Zn 2+ system shows excellent IE up to 7 days. Polarization study reveals that this formulation controls the cathodic reaction predominantly. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists of Fe 2+ -betanin complex and Zn(OH) 2 . The film is found to be UV -fluorescent.
Mutagenesis, biochemical characterization and X-ray structural analysis of point mutants of bovine chymosin (1997)

Chymosin B point mutants, A115T and G243D (chymosin A), were expressed in Escherichia coli and Trichoderma reesei respectively, characterized biochemically, crystallized and studied by X-ray analysis at 2.3 and 2.8 angstroms resolutions respectively. The three-dimensional structures showed that the mutations gave rise to local conformational changes only when compared with that of chymosin B. Kinetic analysis of the A115T mutant with a six residue synthetic peptide revealed a reduction in Km with respect to the wild type, possibly caused by the small local changes in the vicinity of S1 and S3. Although, kinetic analyses of the G243D mutant using the short substrate showed reduced catalytic activity, use of a 15 residue substrate based on residues 98-112 of kappa-casein, the natural substrate, revealed an increase in the kcat compared with chymosin B, probably a consequence of the charge introduced that may interact with the substrate between P4 and P8.
<scp>CCL</scp>7 contributes to the <scp>TNF</scp>‐alpha‐dependent inflammation of lesional psoriatic skin (2015)

Chemokines are small chemotactic proteins that have a crucial role in leukocyte recruitment into tissue. Targeting these mediators has been suggested as a potential therapeutic option in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found CCL7, a chemokine ligand known to interact with multiple C-C chemokine receptors, to be markedly increased in lesional psoriasis as opposed to atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, non-lesional psoriatic and normal control skin. Surprisingly, this increase in CCL7 mRNA expression exceeded that of all other chemokines investigated, and keratinocytes and dermal blood endothelial cells were identified as its likely cellular sources. In an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, CCL7 had a profound impact on myeloid cell inflammation as well as on the upregulation of key pro-psoriatic cytokines such as CCL20, IL-12p40 and IL-17C, while its blockade led to an increase in the antipsoriatic cytokine IL-4. In humans receiving the TNF-α-blocker infliximab, CCL7 was downregulated in lesional psoriatic skin already within 16 hours after a single intravenous infusion. These data suggest that CCL7 acts as a driver of TNF-α-dependent Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation in lesional psoriatic skin.
Constructions of regular and irregular LDPC codes using Ramanujan graphs and ideas from Margulis (2002)

Some twenty years ago Margulis (1982) proposed an algebraic construction of low density parity check (LDPC) codes. In this paper we mimick the construction of Margulis and describe a method for algebraically constructing regular and irregular LDPC codes.
Detection and Characterization of Anomalous Entities in Social Communication Networks (2010)

Social networks generated from emails or calls provide enormous geospatial and interaction information about subscribers. These have served as important inputs to intelligence analysts. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for anomaly detection from social networks. Anomalous users are detected based on their behavioral dissimilarity from others. A rich feature set is proposed for outlier detection. A method for providing visual explanation for the results is also proposed.
USPSTF recommendations for STI screening. (2008)

Since 2000, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued eight clinical recommendation statements on screening for sexually transmitted infections. This article, written on behalf of the USPSTF, is an overview of these recommendations. The USPSTF recommends that women at increased risk of infection be screened for chlamydia, gonorrhea, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis. Men at increased risk should be screened for human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis. All pregnant women should be screened for hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis; pregnant women at increased risk also should be screened for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Nonpregnant women and men not at increased risk do not require routine screening for sexually transmitted infections. Engaging in high-risk sexual behavior places persons at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. The USPSTF recommends that all sexually active women younger than 25 years be considered at increased risk of chlamydia and gonorrhea. Because not all communities present equal risk of sexually transmitted infections, the USPSTF encourages physicians to consider expanding or limiting the routine sexually transmitted infection screening they provide based on the community and populations they serve.
Improved Performances of a Fluidized Bed Photoreactor by a Microscale Illumination System (2009)

The performances of a gas‐solid two‐dimensional fluidized bed reactor in photocatalytic selective oxidation reactions, irradiated with traditional UV lamps or with a microscale illumination system based on UV emitting diodes (UVA‐LEDs), have been compared. In the photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene on MoO x /TiO 2 ‐A1 2 O 3 catalyst the use of UVA‐LEDs modules allowed to achieve a cyclohexane conversion and benzene yield higher than those obtained with traditional UV lamps. The better performances with UVA‐LEDs are due to the UVA‐LEDs small dimensions and small‐angle emittance, which allow photons beam be directed towards the photoreactor windows, reducing the dispersion outside of photoreactor or the optical path length. As a consequence, the effectively illuminated mass of catalyst is greater. We have found that this illumination system is efficient for photo‐oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene on sulphated MoO x / γ ‐A1 2 O 3 and ethanol to acetaldehyde on VO x /TiO 2 .
Cleavage of Type I Procollagen by C- and N-Proteinases Is More Rapid If the Substrate Is Aggregated with Dextran Sulfate or Polyethylene Glycol (1994)

The enzymes procollagen C- and N-proteinases specifically cleave carboxyl- and amino-terminal propeptides of procollagens. After cleavage of the propeptides, the resulting collagens self-assemble into fibrils. In most previous experiments with the enzymes, the substrate was monomeric type I procollagen. Here we have prepared aggregates of type I procollagen from chick embryo tendons by using 1 to 100 micrograms/ml of 500-kDa dextran sulfate or 3 to 5% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (M(r) 3350). Aggregation of the substrate with dextran sulfate increased its rate of cleavage by purified or crude C-proteinase from chick embryo tendons 10- to 15-fold. Aggregation of the substrate with 25 to 100 microgram/ml of dextran sulfate increased the rate of cleavage by purified N-proteinase about 4-fold. The rate of cleavage by crude N-proteinase was enhanced only about 2-fold, apparently because of partial precipitation of the enzyme by dextran sulfate. Using polyethylene glycol to aggregate the substrate increased the rate of cleavage by procollagen C-proteinases 5- to 20-fold. Aggregation with polyethylene glycol also increased the rate of cleavage by purified procollagen N-proteinases 2- to 5-fold. With crude N-proteinase, the rate of cleavage was increased only 1.5-fold. The results suggest that the rate of cleavage of the substrate by both enzymes is increased by the aggregation of the substrate itself by dextran sulfate or polyethylene glycol. The increased rates of cleavage seen after aggregation of substrate can be used to develop more sensitive assays for the enzymic activities.
New Photoacoustic Detection Method for Acetylene Dissolved in Transformer Oil (2011)

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The precision of gaze. A review. (1982)

This paper reviews advances in our knowledge about the stability of the human being's line of sight while fixating objects stationary with respect to himself. Recent technological developments made it possible to measure gaze with a high degree of accuracy when the head was free of artificial support. Measurements made with the head free while the subject sat, as still as possible, show that gaze is half as stable as when the head is held rigidly. Precision deteriorates by an additional factor of five when the head is moved actively or passively within a range of natural physiological frequencies and amplitudes. Fixation errors and retinal image motions associated with such imprecision of gaze under natural conditions would not be expected to degrade monocular vision in light of current psychophysical evidence. Binocular fixation errors and differences in retinal image motions in each of the eyes, associated with imprecision of vergence under natural conditions, cannot, however, be reconciled with current psychophysical knowledge of binocular vision attained thus far only under artificial conditions.
Optimelt™ Regenerative Thermo‐Chemical Heat Recovery for Oxy‐Fuel Glass Furnaces (2015)

The operation of glass furnaces with oxy-fuel combustion in combination with advanced heat recovery is a compelling low cost solution. Praxair has developed a new heat recovery technology for oxy-fuel fired furnaces in which regenerators are used in a similar way as conventional regenerators, which recover waste heat from the furnace flue gas. The OPTIMELT™ Thermo-Chemical Regenerator (TCR) technology uses the stored waste heat to reform a mixture of natural gas and recirculated flue gas to hot syngas, resulting in efficient heat recovery. The natural gas reacts endothermically in the hot checker pack with the water vapour and CO2 in the recycled flue gas, forming H2 and CO as a hot syngas fuel. The OPTIMELTTM TCR system is simple and operated at atmospheric pressure without the need of catalysts or separate steam generation. It reduces fuel consumption of an oxy-fuel fired furnace by about 20% and offers an attractive conversion option for existing air-regenerator furnaces, with more than 30% fuel reduction compared to the air-fuel base case. This technology is currently being demonstrated on a 50 t/d commercial glass furnace at Pavisa. This paper introduces the operating principles of the TCR and highlights some milestones recently achieved at the demonstration site. Initial data from the TCR operation at the host furnace are presented and discussed.
Inactivation of Pectinesterase in Citrus Juice by High Electric Field AC Treatment (2007)

柑橘果汁のレモン果汁に交流高電界処理（出口温度75℃，処理時間0.046s, 保持時間0.58s）を行うことにより，果汁パルプの品質安定性に悪影響を及ぼすペクチンエステラーゼを完全に失活した．交流高電界処理によるペクチンエステラーゼの失活は，印加した電界強度の効果は認められなかったが，昇温速度による酵素の失活効果と，加熱温度の保持時間による失活効果との組み合わせとして考えられた．従って，交流高電界処理では，昇温速度を早くすることにより，保持時間を短縮することが可能であることが分かった．また，交流高電界処理における処理時間が短いことは，熱による果汁成分の変性が少ないことが裏付けられた．本研究の結果より，柑橘果汁中に含まれる酵素失活を目的とした原料処理において，高電界処理の特長である早い昇温速度を利用することにより，高品質な果汁の製造が可能になると考えられた．
APOL1 renal risk variants promote cholesterol accumulation in tissues and cultured macrophages from APOL1 transgenic mice (2019)

Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants G1 and G2, compared to the common allele G0, are major risk factors for non-diabetic kidney disease in African descent populations. APOL1 is a minor protein component of HDL, as well as being expressed in podocytes and vascular cells. Reverse cholesterol transport involves the transport of cholesterol to HDL by cellular ATP-binding cassette; ABCA1 and ABCG1 with subsequent delivery from peripheral tissues to the liver. With impaired reverse cholesterol transport, lipid accumulation occurs and macrophages morphologically transform into foam cells, releasing inflammatory factors. We asked whether the APOL1 risk variants alter peripheral cholesterol metabolism and specifically affect macrophage cholesterol efflux. Tissues and bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes were isolated from wild-type mice (WT) and from BAC/APOL1 transgenic (APOL1-G0, APOL1-G1, and APOL1-G2) mice, which carry a bacterial artificial chromosome that contains the human APOL1 genomic region. Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using M-CSF, and then polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages. Cholesterol content, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression were measured. Kidney, spleen, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels. BM-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed significantly reduced cholesterol efflux compared to WT or APOL1-G0 macrophages. Taken together, the evidence suggests that APOL1-G1 and -G2 risk variants impaired reverse cholesterol transport through decreased expression of cholesterol efflux transporters suggesting a possible mechanism to promote macrophage foam cell formation, driving inflammation in the glomerulus and renal interstitium.
Impact on Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Strains Used as Inoculants for Biocontrol of Soil-Borne Fungal Plant Pathogens (1998)

The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, a key component of agroecosystems, was assayed as a rhizosphere biosensor for evaluation of the impact of certain antifungal Pseudomonas inoculants used to control soil-borne plant pathogens. The following three Pseudomonas strains were tested: wild-type strain F113, which produces the antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG); strain F113G22, a DAPG-negative mutant of F113; and strain F113(pCU203), a DAPG overproducer. Wild-type strain F113 and mutant strain F113G22 stimulated both mycelial development from Glomus mosseae spores germinating in soil and tomato root colonization. Strain F113(pCU203) did not adversely affect G. mosseae performance. Mycelial development, but not spore germination, is sensitive to 10 &mgr;M DAPG, a concentration that might be present in the rhizosphere. The results of scanning electron and confocal microscopy demonstrated that strain F113 and its derivatives adhered to G. mosseae spores independent of the ability to produce DAPG.
The Prairie Sprouts Its Foresters (1949)

Iowa State College was one of the first schools to give some organized training in forestry subjects. As far back as 1874 the college included a department of Horticulture and Forestry. Although sketchy from the 1948 viewpoint, the forestry instructional program, at that early date, "embraced seedbeds, hedging, economical aboriculture, (practical forestry) and shelterbelts," which made up a part of the four year course for the department. This early instructional work at the college was an outgrowth of unusual activity of the state in tree planting, shelterbelts and fruit trees. At that early date Iowa was probably more active in this general field than any of the other states. This came about through federal and state legislation and state organizations, especially the Iowa Horticultural Society. A number of both practical and scientific men seemed to foresee the needs for protective tree planting in a prairie state like Iowa.