gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopy and photochemistry of thiouracils: implications for the mechanism of photocrosslinking in tRNA (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopy and photochemistry of thiouracils: implications for the mechanism of photocrosslinking in tRNASteven J. Milder and David S. KligerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 25, 7365–7373Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00311a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00311a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metallocarbohedrenes as a class of stable neutral clusters: formation mechanism of M8C12 (M = titanium and vanadium) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallocarbohedrenes as a class of stable neutral clusters: formation mechanism of M8C12 (M = titanium and vanadium)S. Wei, B. C. Guo, J. Purnell, S. Buzza, and A. W. Castleman Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 11, 4166–4168Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100190a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100190a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adult stem-like cells in kidney (2015)

Human pluripotent cells are promising for treatment for kidney diseases, but the protocols for derivation of kidney cell types are still controversial. Kidney tissue regeneration is well confirmed in several lower vertebrates such as fish, and the repair of nephrons after tubular damages is commonly observed after renal injury. Even in adult mammal kidney, renal progenitor cell or system is reportedly presents suggesting that adult stem-like cells in kidney can be practical clinical targets for kidney diseases. However, it is still unclear if kidney stem cells or stem-like cells exist or not. In general, stemness is defined by several factors such as self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage potency and characteristic gene expression profiles. The definite use of stemness may be obstacle to understand kidney regeneration, and here we describe the recent broad findings of kidney regeneration and the cells that contribute regeneration.
Speaker age interval and sex identification based on Jitters, Shimmers and Mean MFCC using supervised and unsupervised discriminative classification methods (2006)

Discrimination ability of speech long term features, including jitters, shimmers and mean MFCC is proposed, for age interval and sex identification. First to make a primary study of discrimination ability, two well-known unsupervised classification methods, i.e. k-means and FCM, were used. Then, two supervised discriminative classification approaches, namely MLP neural network and SVM, have been employed for more precise age interval and sex identification. In addition, in order to make a study of mutual influences of age interval and sex discriminative features, a cascade combination of two MLPs neural networks, with one trained for age interval and other one for sex identification, has been utilized separately. Most practical applications of age interval and sex identification are remote applications where usually speech signal is affected by telecommunication channels. To take this affect into consideration, a telephonic database has been used in experiments. Obtained results demonstrate that jitter and shimmer have good discrimination ability between male and female or young and old speakers, but do not discriminate small age intervals appropriately. On the other hand, mean MFCC is not suitable for sex unsupervised classification but leads to an increase in sex supervised classification performance. Also these coefficients contain useful information about speaker age interval, and can result in a decrease in identification error rate.
Stochastic power allocation using causal channel information for delay-limited communications (2006)

Without delay constraints, ergodic capacity can be achieved through channel coding over time frames spanning the whole fading process of the channel without the need of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. If the channel capacity is delay-constrained, then causal CSI at the transmitter becomes important. In this letter, our aim is to resolve the optimal power-and-rate allocation in maximizing the expected capacity subject to total power constraint, given the causal CSI at the transmitter. The proposed solution is adaptive to the current and past CSI, and also the statistics of the future channels. Asymptotically in both the high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes, we show that at a particular constant in time, the optimal power policy has an interpretation of water-filling among the current channel and some estimates of the future channels
Identification of the Gene Encoding the Escherichia coli Lipid A 4′-Kinase (1997)

The genes for seven of nine enzymes needed for the biosynthesis of Kdo2-lipid A (Re endotoxin) in Escherichia coli have been reported. We have now identified a novel gene encoding the lipid A 4'-kinase (the sixth step of the pathway). The 4'-kinase transfers the gamma-phosphate of ATP to the 4'-position of a tetraacyldisaccharide 1-phosphate intermediate (termed DS-1-P) to form tetraacyldisaccharide 1,4'-bis-phosphate (lipid IVA). The 4'-phosphate is required for the action of distal enzymes, such as Kdo transferase and also renders lipid A substructures active as endotoxin antagonists or mimetics. Lysates of E. coli generated using individual lambda clones from the ordered Kohara library were assayed for overproduction of 4'-kinase. Only one clone, [218]E1D1, which directed 2-2.5-fold overproduction, was identified. This construct contains 20 kilobase pairs of E. coli DNA from the vicinity of minute 21. Two genes related to the lipid A system map in this region: msbA, encoding a putative translocator, and kdsB, the structural gene for CMP-Kdo synthase. msbA forms an operon with a downstream, essential open reading frame of unknown function, designated orfE. orfE was cloned into a T7 expression system. Washed membranes from cells overexpressing orfE display approximately 2000-fold higher specific activity of 4'-kinase than membranes from cells with vector alone. Membranes containing recombinant, overexpressed 4'-kinase (but not membranes with wild-type kinase levels) efficiently phosphorylate three DS-1-P analogs: 3-aza-DS-1-P, base-treated DS-1-P, and base-treated 3-aza-DS-1-P. A synthetic hexaacylated DS-1-P analog, compound 505, can also be phosphorylated by membranes from the overproducer, yielding [4'-32P] lipid A (endotoxin). The overexpressed lipid A 4'-kinase is very useful for making new 4'-phosphorylated lipid A analogs with potential utility as endotoxin mimetics or antagonists. We suggest that orfE is the structural gene for the 4'-kinase and that it be redesignated lpxK.
Pathophysiology of Migraine: A Disorder of Sensory Processing (2017)

Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth most common cause of disability on the planet. The pathophysiology of migraine has emerged from a historical consideration of the "humors" through mid-20th century distraction of the now defunct Vascular Theory to a clear place as a neurological disorder. It could be said there are three questions: why, how, and when? Why: migraine is largely accepted to be an inherited tendency for the brain to lose control of its inputs. How: the now classical trigeminal durovascular afferent pathway has been explored in laboratory and clinic; interrogated with immunohistochemistry to functional brain imaging to offer a roadmap of the attack. When: migraine attacks emerge due to a disorder of brain sensory processing that itself likely cycles, influenced by genetics and the environment. In the first, premonitory, phase that precedes headache, brain stem and diencephalic systems modulating afferent signals, light-photophobia or sound-phonophobia, begin to dysfunction and eventually to evolve to the pain phase and with time the resolution or postdromal phase. Understanding the biology of migraine through careful bench-based research has led to major classes of therapeutics being identified: triptans, serotonin 5-HT<sub>1B/1D</sub> receptor agonists; gepants, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists; ditans, 5-HT<sub>1F</sub> receptor agonists, CGRP mechanisms monoclonal antibodies; and glurants, mGlu<sub>5</sub> modulators; with the promise of more to come. Investment in understanding migraine has been very successful and leaves us at a new dawn, able to transform its impact on a global scale, as well as understand fundamental aspects of human biology.
Characterization and stability of hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by an electrodeposition and alkaline-treatment process (2000)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium alloy substrates were prepared by an alkaline treatment of electrodeposited precursors. The structure, residual stress, and bond strength of the coatings were investigated. Test results showed that the coatings processed in this study exhibited fairly low tensile residual stress, high crystallinity, and were free of an amorphous phase. The bond strength of the coatings increased with the decrease of current density in the range of 0.2-15 mA/cm(2), and reached 14 MPa at 0.2 mA/cm(2). Evaluation of the coatings was performed together with the evaluation of the plasma-sprayed HA coatings immersed in distilled water. It was revealed that the dissolution and bond strength degradation of the coatings were much lower than those of the plasma-sprayed HA coatings.
Realization of current-mode KHN-equivalent biquad filter using ZC-CFTAs and grounded capacitors (2011)

In this paper, a current-mode Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) filter structure employing four z-copy current follower transconductance amplifiers (ZC-CFTAs) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The circuit structure has one low-impedance current input and three high-impedance current outputs and enables realizing lowpass, bandpass and highpass current responses simultaneously. The bandstop and allpass responses can also be obtained by connecting appropriate output currents directly without additional devices. The proposed filter is capable of providing an independent current-control of the natural angular frequency (ωo) and quality factor (Q) through the transconductance of the ZC-CFTA. Moreover, high-Q value filter can be realized by simply tuning the ratio of ZC-CFTA’s transconductance. To support the theoretical results, the properties of the presented filter using CMOS ZC-CFTA have been verified by simulation results.
Review of Bone Substitutes (2009)

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in craniofacial surgery and craniomaxillofacial trauma. We will review the history of the biomaterials and describe the ideal characteristics of bone substitutes, with a specific emphasis on craniofacial reconstruction. Some of the most commonly used bone substitutes are discussed in more depth, such as calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite ceramics and cements, bioactive glass, and polymer products. Areas of active research and future directions include tissue engineering, with an increasing emphasis on bioactivity of the implant.
Eutectic bonding of boron-aluminum structural components. II (1974)

Eutectic bonding is a diffusion brazing process developed for fabricating boron-aluminum components from composite monolayer. This process relies on the diffusion of a thin surface film of copper into the aluminum matrix to form a liquid phase when heated above the copper-aluminum eutectic temperature of 1018 F. This type of fabrication offers design flexibility in that skin thickness may be varied, the stiffness geometry and orientation can be varied, and local reinforcement can be added. In addition, this type of boron-aluminum structure offers high efficiency. Also, this method of construction can be cost-comparative with complex titanium shapes; simple tooling permits easy layup, bonding is a one-step operation, and little finish machining is required.
Visualization Of Supersonic Flows In Shock Tunnels, Using The Background Oriented Schlieren Technique (2004)

Visualisation of supersonic compressible flows using the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique is presented. Results from experiments carried out in a reflected shock tunnel with models of a 20-degree semi-vertex angle circular cone and a re-entry body in the test section are presented. This technique uses a simple optical set-up consisting of a structured background pattern, an electronic camera with a high shutter speed and a high intensity light source. Tests were conducted with a Mach 4 conical nozzle, with nozzle supply pressure of 2 MPa and nozzle supply temperature of 2000 K respectively. The images captured during the test were compared using PIV style image processing code. The intensity of light at each point in the processed image was proportional to the density at that point. Qualitative visualization of shock shapes, with images clearly indicating regions of subsonic and supersonic flows was achieved. For the cone, the shock angle measured from the BOS image agreed with theoretical calculations to within 0.5 degrees. Shock standoff distances could be measured from the BOS image for the re-entry body.
Synthesis of<i>cis</i>-<i>C</i>-Iodo<i>-N</i>-Tosyl-Aziridines using Diiodomethyllithium: Reaction Optimization, Product Scope and Stability, and a Protocol for Selection of Stationary Phase for Chromatography (2013)

The preparation of C-iodo-N-Ts-aziridines with excellent cis-diastereoselectivity has been achieved in high yields by the addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-tosylimines and N-tosylimine-HSO2Tol adducts. This addition-cyclization protocol successfully provided a wide range of cis-iodoaziridines, including the first examples of alkyl-substituted iodoaziridines, with the reaction tolerating both aryl imines and alkyl imines. An ortho-chlorophenyl imine afforded a β-amino gem-diiodide under the optimized reaction conditions due to a postulated coordinated intermediate preventing cyclization. An effective protocol to assess the stability of the sensitive iodoaziridine functional group to chromatography was also developed. As a result of the judicious choice of stationary phase, the iodoaziridines could be purified by column chromatography; the use of deactivated basic alumina (activity IV) afforded high yield and purity. Rearrangements of electron-rich aryl-iodoaziridines have been promoted, selectively affording either novel α-iodo-N-Ts-imines or α-iodo-aldehydes in high yield.
Molecular Genetics of the Bithorax Complex in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1983)

The bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster is a cluster of homeotic genes that specify developmental pathways for many of the body segments of the fly. The DNA of the bithorax complex has been isolated, and a region of 195,000 base pairs that covers the left half of the complex is described here. The lesions associated with many of the bithorax complex mutants have been identified, and most are due to DNA rearrangements. Most of the spontaneous mutants have insertions of a particular mobile element named "gypsy." This element affects the functions of sequences removed from the site of insertion. Mutant lesions for a given phenotypic class are distributed over large DNA distances of up to 73,000 base pairs.
Anomalous transport and luminescence of indirect excitons in AlAs/GaAs coupled quantum wells as evidence for exciton condensation (1998)

Due to the long lifetime of indirect (interwell) excitons, exciton condensation (analogous to the Bose-Einstein condensation of bosons) is expected to occur in coupled quantum wells (CQW's). The critical conditions for the exciton condensation have been predicted to be strongly improved by high magnetic field perpendicular to the well plane. We present results of experimental study of transport and photoluminescence of indirect excitons in AlAs/GaAs CQW's at low temperatures $(T>~350$ mK) and high magnetic fields $(B<~14$ T). Strong anomalies in the transport and luminescence of indirect excitons have been observed at low temperatures and high magnetic fields: a large increase of the exciton diffusivity, a large increase of the exciton radiative decay rate and a huge noise in the integrated exciton PL intensity. An interpretation of the observed anomalies as evidence of the exciton condensation (i.e., in terms of the onset of exciton superfluidity, superradiance of the exciton condensate, and fluctuations near the phase transition) is analyzed. The parameter (temperature, exciton density, and magnetic field) dependences of the observed anomalous transport and photoluminescence of indirect excitons show that these effects are consistent with the exciton condensation in the presence of a random potential.
Measurement of d<sub>15</sub> Shear-Mode Piezoelectric Response in PZT Thin Film (2009)

Piezoelectric films using d15 shear-mode can be applied to many useful MEMS devices. The small displacement derived from the d15 shear-mode was directly observed by a SPM measurement. An isolated PZT(52/48) active part having a pair of driving Cu electrodes was processed in a 5 m-thick sputtering film. The displacement measurement of the active part and its FEM analysis suggested that the estimated d15 piezoelectric constant of the film was 590 pm/V. And, the d31 value of the film was -120 pm/V measured by a conventional cantilever method. The obtained piezoelectric constants of the PZT film are near those of bulk.
Heparin binding is necessary, but not sufficient, for fibronectin aggregation. A fluorescence polarization study. (1985)

Analysis of parameters governing heparin binding to fibronectin indicates that heparin binding is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for fibronectin cryoprecipitation. Heparin binding to fibronectin is a rapid, readily reversible event which can occur under several conditions which prohibit fibronectin cryoprecipitation. While cryoprecipitation of fibronectin is abolished at temperatures in excess of 10 degrees C, appreciable heparin binding to fibronectin does occur even at 40 degrees C. While increasing ionic strength and pH inhibit both heparin binding and cryoprecipitation of fibronectin, heparin binding can still occur at high ionic strengths and pH values which completely abolish cryoprecipitation. Scatchard analysis of fluorescent polarization data reveals a biphasic heparin binding curve with high and low affinity Kd values of 3.5 X 10(-8) and 10(-6) M, respectively. In contrast to heparin binding, fibronectin aggregation is a cooperative phenomenon. Fibronectin cryoprecipitation is greatly reduced at temperatures above 10 degrees C, at pH values above pH 10, and at ionic strengths above 0.3 M. Thus, heparin binding and protein aggregation are separate events which occur during fibronectin cryoprecipitation. Results obtained here via fluorescence polarization in conjunction with other physical measurements suggest that a decrease in flexibility of the fibronectin molecule is associated with the protein aggregation step of cryoprecipitation. The role of heparin in the mechanism of fibronectin cryoprecipitation is discussed.
Real-time image processing on a custom computing platform (1995)

The authors explore the utility of custom computing machinery for accelerating the development, testing, and prototyping of a diverse set of image processing applications. We chose an experimental custom computing platform called Splash-2 to investigate this approach to prototyping real time image processing designs. Custom computing platforms are emerging as a class of computers that can provide near application specific computational performance. We developed a real time image processing system called VTSplash, based on the Splash-2 general-purpose platform. Splash-2 is an attached processor featuring programmable processing elements (PEs) and communication paths. The Splash-2 system uses arrays of RAM based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), crossbar networks, and distributed memory to accomplish the needed flexibility and performance tasks. Such platforms let designers customize specific operations for function and size, and data paths for individual applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A bearingless coaxial magnetic gearbox (2014)

Recently, magnetic gearboxes (MGBs) are serious contenders to their conventional mechanical counterparts in terms of reduced maintenance requirements, improved reliability, tolerance to mechanical inaccuracies, and inherent overload protection. MGBs are preferably employed in high speed applications and compact harsh environments subjected to severe shock and vibration. A high gear ratio MGB is also a suitable candidate for single stage high-speed transmission applications such as helicopter power transmissions. In this paper, the conventional planetary magnetic gearbox is equipped with a three-phase winding to provide additional magnetic levitation capabilities besides torque transmission, thus creating a bearingless MGB configuration. This was achieved by adding a three-phase winding in the space between the ferromagnetic pieces. The current in this additional winding is controlled to provide decoupled axial forces irrespective of the transmitted mechanical power. This feature is important to reduce the mechanical losses especially for high-speed rotors and can be a viable method for vibration suppression.