gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Three‐Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Structure: Dynamic Photonic Materials (2011)

Tuning MOFs: When a metal-organic framework (MOF) with an ordered three-dimensional macroporous structure is integrated into a film, the resulting materials have an additional optical element, which can be used as a general and effective signal transducer. This, in combination with the hierarchical pore structure, makes these films interesting dynamic photonic materials with potential applications in sensors.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Thoracic Lesions: Part 2, Initial Clinical Experience—Technical and Multidisciplinary Considerations in 30 Patients (2005)

Radiofrequency ablation for a variety of thoracic tumors can be performed safely and with a high degree of efficacy for pain control and tumor killing. The effect of ablation can be assessed with CT, MRI, or PET. Various technical issues differentiate thoracic tumor ablation from standard abdominal ablations. Numerous other thoracic interventional radiology procedures are beneficial to assist the radiofrequency ablation. A multidisciplinary approach offers valuable expertise for patient care.
Technical construction methods for e-marketplace (2009)

An analysis on the existing e-marketplaces shows there are seven types of technical construction methods for e-marketplaces. They are e-catalogue, e-shop, e-portal, e-hub, e-switch, e-integrator and e-merger. The quality of these e-marketplaces can be measured based on a quality matrix of accuracy, reach and richness.
110 COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF BOWEL SOUNDS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH MECHANICAL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION VS ILEUS. (1996)

Bowel sound auscultation probably merits the dubious distinction of being that procedure most performed in medicine about which physicians know the least. This study investigated bowel sound computerized analysis in the diagnosis of human mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO) after pilot animal data suggested utility of the method. Methods: Seventy-seven 20-minute bowel sound recordings were performed in 62 human subjects [37±18 (mean ± SEM) years of age, range 2-94] using a four-microphone array. Recordings were digitized, and each bowel sound event analyzed for spectrum and duration. Follow-up was obtained on all patients, who were assigned to 1 of 5 categories: proven SBO by laparotomy or contrast radiography (12); suspected but unproved SBO (5); suspected but unproved ileus (8); definite ileus (12); and normal fasted controls (25). Results: 14 of 17 obstructed patients, but none of the 45 non-obstructed subjects demonstrated intermittent very long duration (1054 ± 188 ms) and low frequency (168 ± 62 Hz) events (p<.0001). Beyond these intermittent events, the median number of events/time, and the median dominant frequencies were also significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Computerized bowel sound analysis may provide a noninvasive method to rapidly and safely diagnose mechanical bowel obstruction and differentiate it from ileus. Comment: The auscultory finding of “high pitched rushes” with SBO may in fact be “low pitched rushes.”
Examining the effect of grower demographic and personal characteristics on willingness to pay amounts per information delivery modes in Rwanda (2013)

Growers’ demographical and personal characteristics in regards to willingness to pay (WTP) per information delivery mode may have strong influence on the success and viability of privatized extension services. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growers’ demographic and personal characteristics on their WTP amounts per information delivery mode in the Abahuzamugambi Coffee Growers Cooperative in Butare, Rwanda. Using a traditional questionnaire, we employed a purposeful sampling technique and 306 farmers participated in the study. Through comparative analysis, statistically significant differences were discovered in farmers’ WTP amounts per agricultural information delivery modes based on gender, years of service, and total non-farm expenses. Additional research should be conducted to understand better why these differences exist.

	 

	Key words: Willingness to pay, delivery modes, extension, Rwanda.
Antipsoriatic activity of 10-acyl analogues of dithranol (anthralin). II. Clinical comparison of dithranol and butantrone sticks with special reference to side effects (1987)

Thirty outpatients with limited (under 15% of skin area affected), symmetrical psoriasis of the plaque type were included in an open, right-left comparison study. Paraffin-based, 3% dithranol sticks (Ditrastick, Orion Pharmaceutica, Espoo, Finland) and similar, equimolar 4% butantrone sticks were used. Antipsoriatic activity, staining of the skin and clothes and irritation were the parameters followed up. An overall evaluation was made at the end of the trial. The antipsoriatic activity of dithranol and butantrone was almost equal at equimolar concentrations. Staining of the skin was significantly (at least p less than 0.05) milder with butantrone after 2 to 10 weeks treatment. Staining of clothes was less on the butantrone side for up to three months of use but was thereafter similar to that of dithranol. Irritation caused by butantrone reached its maximum only after 6 to 10 weeks and remained on average below the level of initial dithranol irritation. Six patients discontinued the treatment due to irritation by both preparations. Four patients tolerated better dithranol than butantrone. One patient could not use dithranol but cleared with butantrone. Thus, even if butantrone has an antipsoriatic efficacy almost equal to that of dithranol and is less staining than dithranol, it causes in some patients slowly increasing irritation with Koebner-like deterioration of the disease after some weeks of uneventful overnight use.
Interpretability Beyond Feature Attribution: Quantitative Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV) (2017)

The interpretation of deep learning models is a challenge due to their size, complexity, and often opaque internal state. In addition, many systems, such as image classifiers, operate on low-level features rather than high-level concepts. To address these challenges, we introduce Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which provide an interpretation of a neural net's internal state in terms of human-friendly concepts. The key idea is to view the high-dimensional internal state of a neural net as an aid, not an obstacle. We show how to use CAVs as part of a technique, Testing with CAVs (TCAV), that uses directional derivatives to quantify the degree to which a user-defined concept is important to a classification result--for example, how sensitive a prediction of "zebra" is to the presence of stripes. Using the domain of image classification as a testing ground, we describe how CAVs may be used to explore hypotheses and generate insights for a standard image classification network as well as a medical application.
The effect of inhibition of PP1 and TNFα signaling on pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus (2016)

The current study provides validation of network modeling approaches for identifying important players in virus infection pathogenesis, and a step forward in understanding the host response to an important infectious disease. The results presented here suggest the role of Kepi in the host response to SARS-CoV, as well as inflammatory activity driving pathogenesis through TNFα signaling in SARS-CoV infections. Though we have reported the utility of this approach in bacterial and cell culture studies previously, this is the first comprehensive study to confirm that network topology can be used to predict phenotypes in mice with experimental validation.
Part-based grasp planning for familiar objects (2016)

In this work, we present a part-based grasp planning approach that is capable of generating grasps that are applicable to multiple familiar objects. We show how object models can be decomposed according to their shape and local volumetric information. The resulting object parts are labeled with semantic information and used for generating robotic grasping information. We investigate how the transfer of such grasping information to familiar objects can be achieved and how the transferability of grasps can be measured. We show that the grasp transferability measure provides valuable information about how successful planned grasps can be applied to novel object instances of the same object category. We evaluate the approach in simulation, by applying it to multiple object categories and determine how successful the planned grasps can be transferred to novel, but familiar objects. In addition, we present a use case on the humanoid robot ARMAR-III.
Bistat—A novel method of continuous cultivation (1989)

Bistat is the method of continuous cultivation developed on the basis of pH-auxostat. It provides the stability of cultivation in each point of mu(S) dependence. This article describes the principle of bistat operation, the theory of bistat dynamics, its instrumentation, and some experimental results.
Ceramic Coatings for Corrosion Environments (2008)

This paper presents some of the recent experience with ceramic heat exchanger technology in the corrosive environment of the aluminum remelt industry. It also addresses the use of coatings technology to improve the resistance of ceramics to the most severe environments.
What is normal? Next generation sequencing-driven analysis of the human circulating miRNAOme (2016)

The data contained within will be of particular use to researchers performing miRNA-based biomarker screening in plasma and allow shortlisting of candidates a priori to expedite discovery or reduce costs as required.
Combining ability analysis for grain yield its contributing traits and protein content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2003)

Combining ability analysis was done using 45 F1 hybrids, 45 F2 and their parents obtained from a (10 x 10) diallel mating design for eight quantitative and quality traits viz.; length of the pod (cm), no. of pods/plant no. of seeds/pod, 100-grain weight (g), grain yield/plant (g), harvest index (%) and protein content (%). Both general and specific combining ability variances were highly sjgnificant for almost all the traits under study. Based on desirable gca effects the best common combiners in F1 and F2 generation were found for different traits vit.; PG 3 and Thuupcut for length of the pod, Rachna and L 116 for no. of pods/plant, Thuupcut, HFP 4 and T 163 for no. of seeds/pod, Rachna and PG3 for no. of branches/plant, HUP 7, HFP 8603 and PG 3 for 100-grain weight, Rachna and Thuupcut for grain yield/plant, KRDP 3, HFP 8603 and HUP 7 for harvest index and PG 3 and L 116 for protein content.
Very narrow SiGe/Si quantum wells deposited by low-temperature atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (1993)

The optical, structural, and electrical properties of very narrow SiGe quantum wells grown by ‘‘ultra-clean’’ atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) are investigated. X-ray reflectivity data reveal abrupt interfaces with a root-mean-square roughness of not more than 0.2 nm. For the first time narrow (4.3 meV) excitonic photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained from APCVD grown samples containing SiGe wells with 12.5% to 32.5% Ge. For the narrowest wells PL doublets are observed which are attributed to atomic steps at the SiGe/Si interfaces. The PL and x-ray diffractometry data show that process deposition control for well and barrier width is within the monolayer range. Resonant tunneling diodes fabricated with 2.5-mm-wide Si0.75Ge0.25 wells show world record peak to valley ratios of 4.2. Magneto-transport measurements performed at high magnetic fields of two-dimensional hole gases exhibit pronounced Hall plateaus and well-defined Shubnikov de Hass oscillations, indicating high material quality. The results give evidence that atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition, which relies on gas switching sequences of the reactive gases in a hydrogen ambience, is able to produce interface abruptness comparable if not better than reported by any other technique.
A Novel k-Means Algorithm for Clustering and Outlier Detection (2009)

A three-stage k-means algorithm of O(nkt) polynomial time is proposed to cluster the numerical data and detect the outliers. The clusters are preliminarily determined at the first stage. The local outliers of each cluster are found out and their influences on the centroid are removed at the second stage. Global outliers are consequently identified. Finally, the clusters, the densities of which are similar and some parts of which overlap, are merged. Simulation results show that the algorithm supports the discovery of clusters of different densities, different sizes and non-spherical shapes.
Prevalence of interspecific hybrids amongst asexual fungal endophytes of grasses (2004)

Epichloë endophytes are fungal symbionts of grasses that span a continuum including asexual mutualists that are vertically transmitted, obligately sexual pathogens that are horizontally transmitted, and mixed-strategy symbionts with both mutualistic and pathogenic capabilities. Here we show that processes of genome evolution differ markedly for the different symbiont types. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis was conducted of a broad taxonomic, ecological and geographical sample of sexual and asexual isolates, in which were identified and sequenced alleles of genes for beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and microsatellite alleles were identified by length polymorphisms. The majority of asexual isolates had two or three alleles of most loci, but every sexual isolate had only single alleles for each locus. Phylogenetic analysis of tub2 and tef1 indicated that in all instances of multiple alleles in an isolate, the alleles were derived from different sexual species. It is concluded that, whereas horizontally transmissible species had haploid genomes and speciation occurred cladistically, most of the strictly seedborne mutualists were interspecific hybrids with heteroploid (aneuploid or polyploid) genomes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic evidence indicated that, in at least some instances, hybridization followed rather than caused evolution of the strictly seedborne habit. Therefore, the abundance of hybrid species among grass endophytes, and their prevalence in many host populations suggests a selective advantage of hybridization for the mutualistic endophytes.
Gut hormones: emerging role in immune activation and inflammation (2010)

Summary Gut inflammation is characterized by mucosal recruitment of activated cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In addition to immune cells, inflammation in the gut is associated with an alteration in enteric endocrine cells and various biologically active compounds produced by these cells. Although the change in enteric endocrine cells or their products is considered to be important in regulating gut physiology (motility and secretion), it is not clear whether the change plays any role in immune activation and in the regulation of gut inflammation. Due to the strategic location of enteric endocrine cells in gut mucosa, these gut hormones may play an important role in immune activation and promotion of inflammation in the gut. This review addresses the research on the interface between immune and endocrine systems in gastrointestinal (GI) pathophysiology, specifically in the context of two major products of enteric endocrine systems, namely serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) and chromogranins (Cgs), in relation to immune activation and generation of inflammation. The studies reviewed in this paper demonstrate that 5-HT activates the immune cells to produce proinflammatory mediators and by manipulating the 5-HT system it is possible to modulate gut inflammation. In the case of Cgs the scenario is more complex, as this hormone has been shown to play both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. It is also possible that interaction between 5-HT and Cgs may play a role in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In addition to enhancing our understanding of immunoendocrine interaction in the gut, the data generated from the these studies may have implications in understanding the role of gut hormone in the pathogenesis of both GI and non-GI inflammatory diseases which may lead ultimately to improved therapeutic strategies in inflammatory disorders.
Effects of an Encoding Scheme on Perceived Video Quality Transmitted Over Lossy Internet Protocol Networks (2008)

We analyze viewer-perceived quality of a compressed video stream, transmitted over a lossy IP network with a quality of service mechanism. The parameters of the encoding schemes include the transmission bit rate, the compression depth, the frame size and the frame rate. We demonstrate that when jointly considering the impact of the coding bit rate, the packet loss ratio and the video characteristics, we can identify an optimal encoding scheme that maximizes viewer-perceived quality. The video content, the compression and the transmission are represented by a vector <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> which contains <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> parameters. Based on subjective tests, we obtain a set of observation pairs of labeled samples <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pi</i> = { <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Xi</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Qi</i> } , where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Qi</i> is the quality class related to the vector of input parameters <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Xi</i> . To determine the significance of these results, we use the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method, which identifies those factors that cause differences in the averages in the subjective tests results, and determines the significance of the results. Finally, we introduce a novel method to predict an optimal encoding scheme based on canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) for feature classification.
Optically controlled scanning antennas comprising a plasma grating (2002)

The mainstream developers of electronically or photonically controlled steering antennas employ phased array architectures (PAA) which suffer from high cost and therefore have limited applications. The main challenge is to reduce the cost of the key parts of phased arrays, the phase shifters or the true time delay elements. On that score, the desired progress has not yet been achieved. However, photonically controlled scanning can be achieved even without using the above mentioned discrete elements. We present two novel architectures for millimeter wave (MMW) scanning antennas controlled by light. They are based on the interaction of MMW, with photonically created electron-hole plasma in a semiconductor medium and are thus radically different from PAAs. The new antennas are expected to be much more cost effective than phased array antennas.
Conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the avian myeloblastosis virus nucleocapsid protein are essential for viral replication but are not "zinc-binding fingers". (1988)

The nucleocapsid protein from the Rous sarcoma virus has two regions of sequence with the motif Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Gly-His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Cys. All retrovirus nucleocapsid proteins contain one or two of these motifs, and they represent the only conserved sequences among these proteins. Sequence analysis of nucleocapsid from avian myeloblastosis virus shows that it also contains two Cys-His sequences and, in fact, differs from the Rous sarcoma nucleocapsid protein only in three residues near the carboxyl terminus. The hypothesized role of the conserved cysteines and histidines as zinc ligands was tested experimentally. No tightly bound metal ions were detected for avian myeloblastosis nucleocapsid protein, and the molar amount of zinc in virions was less by a factor of 50 than that of the nucleocapsid protein. Added Zn2+ did not significantly affect nucleocapsid binding to poly(ethenoadenylic acid) or its secondary structure, as determined from circular dichroism. Nevertheless, the conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the Rous sarcoma (Prague-C strain) nucleocapsid protein are essential for fully functional virus, as shown by the fact that single-site substitutions of five of the six conserved cysteines and either of the two histidine residues blocked viral replication.
Dissolution and Absorption of Nipedipine from Nifedipine-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coprecipitate (1980)

AbstractAttempt was made to develop the solid dosage form of nifedipina which showed good absorption rate and total bioavailability. Nifedipine is a poorly water-saluble drug, whom bioavailability is low when administered orally in the crystalline form. Solutions of nifedipine were well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The dissolution rate of PVP-nifedipine coprecipitates exhibited rapid dissolution rate. X-ray diffraction data suggested the lack of crystallinity in the coprecipitate. The relation between the dissolution rates and average molecular weights of PVP was studied. Nifedipine in the copretipitate was chemically stable to heat and humidity, but the dissolution rate of nifedipine from the coprecipitate stored at 21° and 75% R.H. markedly decreased. X-ray diffraction data revealed that it might be due to the transformation of amorphous form of nifedipine to crystalline form under higher relative humidity. The gastrointestinal absorption of nifedipine in beagle dogs after oral administration of the coprecipitate was increased than that after oral adniniatration of the physical mixture.
Public Health Research in Congenital Heart Disease (2014)

Public health research is an integral part of the study of congenital heart disease. While this type of research has become more popular, particularly over the past decade, it has a history that stretches back to almost the beginnings of pediatric cardiology as a field. This review aims to introduce the concepts and methodologies of public health and how they relate to congenital heart disease, describe some of the challenges of traditional research methods in congenital heart disease, describe the history of public health research, and demonstrate the relevance of public health research, particularly databases, to pediatric cardiology fellows.
Grundlagen (1995)

Für eine intensive Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Groupware ist es sinnvoll, einige der inzwischen fast selbstverständlich in der Literatur verwendeten Begriffe zu hinterfragen. Da wissenschaftliche Definitionen nur in den seltensten Fällen zu finden sind, liegt der Schwerpunkt auf einem informellen Verständnis der Begriffswelt und ihrer Zusammenhänge.