gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte adhesion through very late antigen 4: evidence for a novel binding site in the alternatively spliced domain of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and an additional alpha 4 integrin counter-receptor on stimulated endothelium. (1992)

Recent studies demonstrate that alternative splicing of mRNA from a single gene can produce two forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1): a six-immunoglobulin (Ig) domain form (VCAM-6D) and a seven-Ig domain form (VCAM-7D). Using a COS cell transient expression assay, we investigated whether VCAM-6D and VCAM-7D differ functionally in adhesion to the integrin VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) on lymphoid cells. Binding of lymphoid cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes was completely blocked by VLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and one VCAM-1 mAb (4B9) to both VCAM-6D and VCAM-7D, whereas one VCAM-1 mAb (E1/6) completely blocked binding to VCAM-6D but only partially inhibited binding to VCAM-7D. We conclude that there is one VLA-4 binding site in the six Ig domains shared between VCAM-6D and VCAM-7D, and that the alternatively spliced domain 4 present in VCAM-7D provides a second VLA-4 binding site that is blocked by 4B9 but not the E1/6 mAb. We compared the inhibitory effects of anti-VCAM-1 and anti-VLA-4 mAbs on lymphoid cell adhesion to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The anti-VCAM-1 mAb 4B9 blocked the binding of PBL and lymphoid tumor cells to stimulated HUVEC better than the anti-VCAM-1 mAb E1/6. Because VCAM-7D is the predominant form of VCAM-1 expressed by stimulated endothelial cells, this difference in VCAM-1 mAb inhibition is attributed to lymphoid cell binding to VCAM-7D on stimulated HUVEC. Although the anti-VLA-4 mAb and anti-VCAM-1 mAb 4B9 equally inhibited PBL binding to stimulated HUVEC, mAb 4B9 inhibited the binding of two lymphoid cell lines significantly less than anti-VLA-4 mAb. Combination of 4B9 mAb with function-blocking antiserum to human fibronectin, a second known ligand for VLA-4, also failed to inhibit as much as anti-VLA-4 mAb. These findings suggest that adhesion of lymphoid cell lines through VLA-4 or other alpha 4 integrins may involve inducible counter-receptor(s) on endothelium distinct from either VCAM-1 or fibronectin. Time course experiments indicate that the fraction of alpha 4 integrin-dependent binding that can be blocked by anti-VCAM-1 mAb E1/6 rises and peaks within 2 h of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prediction of Oil Recovery by Waterflood - A Simplified Graphical Treatment of the Dykstra-Parsons Method (1956)

Introduction A method for predicting waterflood oil recovery was reported by H. Dykstra and R. L. Parsons in 1950. It is now generally known as the Dykstra-Parsons method and is widely used by petroleum engineers. The method is semiempirical and consists of a correlation of four fundamental variables. These are: V, vertical permeability variation; a, mobility ratio; Sw, initial water saturation; and R, fractional recovery of oil in place at a given producing water-oil ratio. The correlation extends over a wide range in each of these variables, and may be applied to all formations with initial oil saturations of 45 per cent or greater. The method of calculation originally outlined by Dykstra and Parsons closely follows their derivation. And this is a convenient way of illustrating the development of some rather complicated ideas. However, in actual use it is more cumbersome than necessary. The purpose of this note, therefore, is to provide a simplified method for making Dykstra-Parsons predictions.
A CAD-based approach to failure diagnosis of CMOS LSI's using abnormal Iddq (2002)

A CAD-based failure diagnosis technology for CMOS LSI's using abnormal Iddq has been developed to indicate the presence of physical damage in a circuit. By using set operations to compare the portions of an LSI that exhibit abnormal Iddq with the portions of an LSI that exhibit normal Iddq, this new method can progressively reduce the set of possible faulty blocks to localize a defect. To easily perform failure diagnosis, the expected input combination of each block, determined for simulation dump list of expected internal node value, is applied. This paper describes the abnormal Iddq phenomenon and the method of failure point localization using abnormal Iddq test patterns. The ISCAS'85 C17 benchmark was applied to verify this new diagnostic technique.
Three-Dimensional Particle Focusing (2019)

The ability to obtain precise information from the particles traveling through a cytometer is greatly hindered if the sample stream is not adequately focused. While there have been many examples of microcytometry in the literature, only a few have succeeded in completely sheathing the stream. This typically involves the addition of two or more sheath inlets to perform the vertical focusing. Grooves in the channel walls have been used to move the sheath fluid completely around the sample stream, providing a simpler approach to 3-dimensional focusing. There are a variety of ways of approaching the need to produce 3-D focusing for a microcytometer. A somewhat less popular, but quite powerful technique for 3-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing is the use of dielectrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis requires added manufacturing capabilities, and can be dependent on the matrix conditions, but shows great promise for particle focusing, trapping and sorting.
Customer Referral Management: Optimal Reward Programs (2001)

Sellers who plan to capitalize on the lifetime value of customers need to manage the sales potential from customer referrals proactively. To encourage existing customers to generate referrals, a seller can offer exceptional value to current customers through either excellent quality or a very attractive price. Rewards to customers for referring other customers can also encourage referrals. We investigate when referral rewards should be offered to motivate referrals and derive the optimal combination of reward and price that will lead to the most profitable referrals. We define a delighted customer as one who obtains a positive level of surplus above a threshold level and, consequently, recommends the product to another customer. We show that the use of referral rewards depends on how demanding consumers are before they are willing to recommend (i.e., on the delight threshold level). The optimal mix of price and referral reward falls into three regions: (1) When customers are easy to delight, the optimal strategy is to lower the price below that of a seller who ignores the referral effect but not to offer rewards. (2) In an intermediate level of customer delight threshold, a seller should use a reward to complement a low-price strategy. As the delight threshold gets higher in this region, price should be higher and the rewards should be raised. (3) When the delight threshold is even higher, the seller should forsake the referral strategy all together. No rewards should be given, and price reverts back to that of a seller who ignores referrals. These results are consistent with the fact that referral rewards are not offered in all markets. Our analysis highlights the differences between lowering price and offering rewards as tools to motivate referrals. Lowering price is attractive because the seller “kills two birds with one stone”: a lower price increases the probability of an initial purchase and the likelihood of referral. Unfortunately, a low price also creates a “free-riding” problem, because some customers benefit from the low price but do not refer other customers. Free riding becomes more severe with an increasing delight threshold; therefore, motivating referrals through low price is less attractive at high threshold levels. A referral reward helps to alleviate this problem, because of its “pay for performance” incentive (only actual referrals are rewarded.) Unfortunately, rewards can sometimes be given to customers who would have recommended anyway, causing a waste of company resources. The lower the delight threshold level, the bigger the waste and, therefore, motivating referrals through rewards loses attractiveness. Our theory highlights the advantage of using referral rewards in addition to lowering price to motivate referrals. It explains why referral programs are offered sometimes but not always and provides guidelines to managers on how to set the price and reward optimally.
Accurate, precise modeling of cell proliferation kinetics from time-lapse imaging and automated image analysis of agar yeast culture arrays (2007)

Microbial cultures spotted onto agar media are widely used for genotype-phenotype analysis, however quantitative HTCP methods capable of measuring kinetic growth rates have not been available previously. YeastXtract provides objective, automated, quantitative, image analysis of agar cell culture arrays. Fitting the resulting data to a logistic equation-based growth model yields robust, accurate growth rate information. These methods allow the incorporation of imaging and automated image analysis of cell arrays, grown on solid agar media, into HTCP-driven experimental approaches, such as global, quantitative analysis of gene interaction networks.
Studies on the Synthesis of Furan Derivatives. : XXXIX. The Preparation of 5-Nitro-2-furyl Isocyanate and Its Related Compounds (1968)

Curtius degradation was attempted with new compounds, 5-nitro-2-furoyl azide and (5-nitro-2-furyl) acryloyl azide, and the amount of the corresponding products of unstable 5-nitro-2-furyl isocyanate and (5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl isocyanate has been confirmed by the IR analysis. Among the isocyanates, the 5-nitro-2-furyl compound was reacted with 16 amines, 5 alcohols and 5 thiols to give carbamoylamines, carbamates and thiocarbamates, respectively. (5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl compound was reacted with 14 amines, alcohols and p-methoxyphenol to afford corresponding carbamoylamine and carbamates respectively.
Improvements of the Properties of Chemical-Vapor-Deposited (Ba,Sr)TiO<sub> 3</sub> Films through Use of a Seed Layer (1997)

(Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST) thin films were deposited on seed-layer/Pt/SiO 2 /Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition and the properties of the films were investigated. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was also examined. The seed layer used in this experiment was the 10-nm-thick BST film fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. Both the application of the seed layer and RTA increased the crystallinity of the BST films, which resulted in improved dielectric properties of the films. The seed layer suppressed the formation of an oxygen-deficient layer at the interface between BST and the bottom electrode, which resulted in a decrease of the current density of the Pt/BST/Pt capacitor. Furthermore, the current density was further decreased by RTA. With increasing deposition temperature, both the dielectric constant and the current density of the BST films deposited on the seed layers increased.
ITO DBR Electrodes Fabricated on PET Substrate for Organic Electronics (2014)

A conductive distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fabricated on PET substrate using the single indium tin oxide (ITO) material is proposed. The large index contrast of the DBRs was obtained by depositing alternating layers of dense and porous ITO films. The high refractive index of the dense ITO films was achieved by long-throw radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature. On the other hand, the porous ITO films with low refractive index were fabricated by supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) treatment at 60 °C. The index contrast of the dense and porous ITO films as larger as 0.59 at blue spectral range was obtained. For the 4.5-period ITO DBR fabricated on PET substrate, the reflectance and sheet resistance of 85.1% and 47 Ω/◻ were achieved at 475 nm.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication <i>In Vitro</i> and in Human Infected Cells by Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the tRNA <sup>Lys3</sup> /RNA Initiation Complex (2001)

The untranslated 5' leader region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA plays an essential role in retroviral replication. It is the first retrotranscribed RNA region, primed from a cellular tRNALys3 partially annealed to the HIV-1 primer binding site (PBS). The structural and functional features of the HIV-1 reverse transcription initiation complex have been thoroughly studied. In this work, we used chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN) as competitors of the natural tRNALys3 primer for the PBS region. Modified 2'-O-methyl AS-ODN were able to inhibit in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcription and displace the tRNALys3 previously annealed to the PBS. The destabilization of the initiation complex by 2'-O-methyl ODN was a sequence-specific process. We further demonstrated the importance of an anchor region contiguous to the PBS in the annealing of the antisense molecule, allowing the displacement of tRNALys3. The 20-mer 2'-O-methyl molecules were also able to inhibit viral replication in HIV-1-human infected cells, either by blocking cDNA synthesis during the early phase or by interfering with the annealing of the tRNALys3 primer to the PBS during the late phase of the viral cycle. Thus, the highly conserved retroviral initiation complex was shown to be a promising target when using the antisense strategy.
Implanted Planar Inverted F-Antenna for Cardiac Pacemaker System (2008)

This paper proposed a PIFA with an artificial cardiac pacemaker for use of MICS. The calculation model is composed of the PIFA and the pacemaker embedded in the 2/3 muscle-equivalent phantom. The distance between the surface of the phantom and the antenna is changed and the model is numerically analyzed by use of the FDTD method. Numerical results show that as the distance d increases, the real part of the input impedance and the resonant frequency shift to the lower due to the high permittivity and conductivity of the human tissue. However, the proposed antenna resonates well at 402-405 MHz band when the distance d is 6, 9, 12 mm. According to the radiation characteristics, the maximum gain is about -28 dBi. Moreover, the antenna is fabricated and the input characteristic is measured in the developed 2/3 muscle equivalent phantom. The results show that the fabricated antenna works well at 400 MHz band. From these results, it is expected that the proposed antenna can be used as the implanted antenna for MICS.
Localization of the Functional p34 cdc2 Homolog of Maize in Root Tip and Stomatal Complex Cells: Association with Predicted Division Sites (1993)

Joseph Colasanti, Soon-Ok Cho, Susan Wick, Venkatesan Sundaresan, Localization of the Functional p34 cdc2 Homolog of Maize in Root Tip and Stomatal Complex Cells: Association with Predicted Division Sites, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 9 (Sep., 1993), pp. 1101-1111
Human-Oriented Design of Autonomous Navigation Assisted Robotic Wheelchair for Indoor Environments (2006)

Wheelchair is one of the most important mobility aids for the disabled people and elders. In this paper, we propose the human-oriented robotic wheelchair design and implementation based on the considerations of convenient driving in narrow space with non-straight paths, active collision avoidance, autonomous navigation, real-time user joystick command justification, intelligent fusion of user joystick command and autonomous navigation systems, and remote monitoring and control. Therefore, this work emphasizes the human-centered manipulations instead of fully autonomous operations of the wheelchair. The developed software components are desired to further detect and avoid mistakes from wrong manipulations of users. In addition, the controllability and comfortability of the wheelchair can be also improved. Especially, the omni-wheeled mechanical platform significantly increases the driving mobility when the robotic wheelchair moves in narrow spaces of indoor environments. Finally, the mechanical platform, closed-loop motion controller, power drives and intelligent software components are all developed in laboratory. The robotic wheelchair was successfully tested. The experimental results validated the proposed robotic wheelchair, and they were discussed in this paper
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli carrying the hybrid acetone-biosynthesis pathway for efficient acetone biosynthesis from acetate (2019)

An engineered E. coli strain with optimized hybrid acetone biosynthetic pathway can utilize acetate as substrate efficiently to synthesize acetone without other non-gas byproducts. It provides a potential method for industrial biomanufacturing of acetone by engineered E. coli strains from non-food based substrate.
An Unusual Case of Closed Rupture of the Ureter (1960)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1960An Unusual Case of Closed Rupture of the Ureter M.J.V. Smith, Eric M. Nanson, and James M. Campbell M.J.V. SmithM.J.V. Smith Present address: Francis Delafield Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 32, N.Y. More articles by this author , Eric M. NansonEric M. Nanson More articles by this author , and James M. CampbellJames M. Campbell More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)65701-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "An Unusual Case of Closed Rupture of the Ureter." The Journal of Urology, 83(3), pp. 277–278 © 1960 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBoone T, Gilling P and Husmann D (2018) Ureteropelvic Junction Disruption Following Blunt Abdominal TraumaJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 1, (33-36), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1993.Diokno A (2018) Avulsion of the Proximal Ureter Secondary to Blunt TraumaJournal of Urology, VOL. 111, NO. 3, (412-414), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1974.Reznichek R, Brosman S and Rhodes D (2018) Ureteral Avulsion from Blunt TraumaJournal of Urology, VOL. 109, NO. 5, (812-816), Online publication date: 1-May-1973.Smith M, Seidel R and Bonacarti A (2018) Accident Trauma to the Kidneys in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 96, NO. 6, (845-847), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1966.Zufall R (2018) Traumatic Avulsion of the Upper UreterJournal of Urology, VOL. 85, NO. 3, (246-248), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1961. Volume 83Issue 3March 1960Page: 277-278 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1960 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.J.V. Smith Present address: Francis Delafield Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 32, N.Y. More articles by this author Eric M. Nanson More articles by this author James M. Campbell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Compendium of Directional Calculations Based on the Minimum Curvature Method (2003)

Abstract The minimum curvature method has emerged as the accepted industry standard for the calculation of 3D directional surveys. Using this model, the well's trajectory is represented by a series of circular arcs and straight lines. Collections of other points, lines and planes can be used to represent features such as adjacent wells, lease lines, geological targets and faults. The relationships between these objects have simple geometrical interpretations, making them amenable to mathematical treatment. The calculations are now used extensively in 3D imaging and directional collision scans, making them both business and safety critical. However, references for the calculations are incomplete, scattered in the literature and have no systematic mathematical treatment. These features make programming a consistent and reliable set of algorithms more difficult. Increased standardisation is needed. Investigation shows that iterative schemes have been used where explicit solutions are possible. Explicit calculations are preferred because they confer numerical predictability and stability. Though vector methods were frequently adopted in the early stages of the published derivations, opportunities for simplification were missed because of premature translation to Cartesian coordinates. This paper contains a compendium of algorithms based on the minimum curvature method (includes co-ordinate reference frames, toolface, interpolation, intersection with a target plane, minimum and maximum TVD in a horizontal section, point closest to a circular arc, survey station to a target position with and without the direction defined, nudges and steering runs). Consistent, vector methods have been used throughout with improvements in mathematical efficiency, stability and predictability of behaviour. The resulting algorithms are also simpler and more cost effective to code and test. This paper describes the practical context in which each of the algorithms is applied and enumerates some key tests that need to be performed.
The Reaction of Periodate with Aminosugars. Anomalous Overoxidations of Aminofuranosides (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Periodate with Aminosugars. Anomalous Overoxidations of AminofuranosidesMartin J. Weiss, Joseph P. Joseph, Henry M. Kissman, Arlene M. Small, Robert E. Schaub, and Francis J. McEvoyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 4050–4054Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts