gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Junction Design and Complementary Capacitance Matching for NCFET CMOS Logic (2021)

Negative capacitance field effect transistors (NCFETs) are modeled in this study, with an emphasis on junction design, implications of complementary logic, and device V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> menu enablement. Contrary to conventional MOSFET design, increased junction overlap is beneficial to NCFETs, provided the remnant polarization ( P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) is high enough. Combining broad junctions with complementary capacitance matching (CCM) in MFMIS (metal/ferroelectric/metal/insulator/semiconductor) NCFETs, it is shown that super-steep and non-hysteretic switching are not mutually exclusive, and that it is theoretically possible to achieve non-hysteretic sub-5 mV/dec SS over >6 decades. In a CMOS circuit, due to CCM, low- V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> pairs provide steeper subthreshold swing (SS) than high- V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> pairs. Transient power/performance is also modeled, and it is shown that a DC-optimal NCFET design, employing broad junctions, CCM, and a low- V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> NFET/PFET pair, does not translate to improved AC power/performance in unloaded circuits compared to a conventional FET reference. It is also shown that the same non-hysteretic DC design point is hysteretic in AC and may also lead to full polarization switching at higher voltages. Thus, a usable voltage window for AC NCFET operation forces a retreat from the DC-optimal design point.
A study on the Discussion on Life and Death of Oriental Medicine (1989)

Oriental medicine thinks life and death as the following. 1. The universe seems to be a kind of organism which is divided into 3 branches, as Heaven, Earth and Man. Man is not created from nihil by the Creator. Heaven and Earth by their interaction operate to produce man. This is similiar that zygote is not created from nihil, and that sperm and ovum are transformed into zygote by their interaction. The symbolic meaning of sperm is Heaven, and that of ovum is Earth. Mind and body, as well as spirit and body, are not the real, but artificial words for the purpose of observing and expressing one man. So there is not spiritual substance as distinct from body. The expected life span of man is subjected to change, and is always becoming through life. Fate, the Creator and the world to come cannot be said to be. 2. After one's death, man is transformend into Heaven and Earth. Dying is this process of transformation. Although man comes into existence and closes one's life, the total life of the universe does not change. The criteria of determination of death is not in cell death, but in somatic death. Somatic death divided into 2 branches, one is heart-lung death, the other is brain death. For the standard of health changes ceaselessly as time goes by, aging and dying is not the process of losing health. Because of mind cannot be seperated from body, we'll feel at ease bodily and mentally in healthy dying. The completion of lifetimes is the value of healthy dying. 3. From the viewpoint of these, we must think to let a person die healthily is the right medical ethics. The way to let a person die healthily is divided into 3 branches, one is treatment, another is prevention and the other is promotion of health. We should treat and prevent death of sickness, but take care of healthy dying.
AFTER-IQEA combination forecasting model for cosmetics sales forecasting (2010)

Cosmetics is necessary for everyone's daily live, its impact on economy can not be ignored, but severe inventory stacking and lacking problems still exist. However, the occurrence of these problems is likely to be decreased via forecasting demand accurately. Thus, an Aggregated Forecast Through Exponential Re-weighting-Improved Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (AFTER-IQEA) forecasting model is developed in this research. Important influential factors are chosen by Gray Relation Analysis, while considering the seasonal factor by Winter's exponential smoothing. Three models: Evolving Neural Network (ENN), Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Particle Swarm Optimization Wavelet v-Support Vector Machine (PSOWv-SVM) are used to forecast separately, and then integrate into AFTER-IQEA by dynamic weights generated from AFTER algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using real-world data, and it is superior to other traditional statistical models and neural network.
Effect of depth of interaction decoding on resolution in PET: A simulation study (2003)

Information about the /spl gamma/ depth of interaction (DOI) in the crystal can help to improve the resolution uniformity in positron emission tomography cameras by reducing the blurring due to the parallax error. The parallax error is particularly severe for tomographs with small detector-to-detector distance, which is by itself a desirable feature, since it maximizes the detection solid angle and thus sensitivity. In this study we have developed simulations to determine the effect of a particular DOI correction method on resolution for some tomograph and crystal geometries. The considered DOI correction method relies on a double layer crystal configuration where the two crystals have different scintillation decay times. Round and octagonal PET camera geometries were considered. For each geometry two different crystal configurations were simulated: LSO/LSO and LSO/GSO. Empirical data were used to include scintillation decay time into the simulation. For specific configurations examined DOI correction was found to improve the resolution uniformity up to 37%.
Increased Androgen Binding in Keloids: A Preliminary Communication (1983)

Sex hormone binding protein analyses were performed on six keloids, the adjacent skin, and on six simple scars. A high level of androgen binding (510 to 1149 Fm/mg of cytosol protein) was found in the keloids. The estrogen and progesterone binding activities were low. Para-keloid tissues were found to have androgen binding of 177 to 476 Fm/mg of cytosol protein. Once again, estrogen and progesterone binding activities were low. In six simple scars, androgen binding was less than 1/10 of that found in the keloids (37 to 60 Fm/mg of cytosol protein); estrogen and progesterone binding was so low that it was almost undetectable. We believe this data suggests that localized hyperandrogen metabolism may play a causal or at least contributory role in the pathogenesis of keloids.
703. Experiments on the synthesis of the pyrethrins. Part V. Synthesis of side-chain isomers and analogues of cinerone, cinerolone, and cinerin-I (1950)

L. Crombie, A. J. B. Edgar, S. H. Harper, M. W. Lowe and D. Thompson, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 3552 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500003552
Both cyclin A delta 60 and B delta 97 are stable and arrest cells in M-phase, but only cyclin B delta 97 turns on cyclin destruction. (1991)

Previous work has established that destruction of cyclin B is necessary for exit from mitosis and entry into the next interphase. Sea urchin cyclin B lacking an N-terminal domain is stable, permanently activates cdc2 kinase, resulting in mitotic arrest, and permanently activates the destruction pathway acting on full length cyclin B. Here we have compared the properties of clam cyclins A and B lacking related N-terminal domains. Both cyclin A delta 60 and B delta 97 bind to cdc2 kinase, keep it hyperactivated and block the completion of mitosis. By adding purified delta cyclin proteins to a cell-free system at different cell cycle times, we find that when the cell-free system reaches the cyclin destruction point in the presence of either A delta 60 or B delta 97, the cyclin destruction pathway acting on full length cyclins fails to be turned off. However, the two cyclins differ dramatically in their ability to turn on cyclin destruction. When added to emetine-arrested interphase lysates devoid of endogenous cyclins, only cyclin B delta 97 activates the cyclin destruction system; cyclin A delta 60 does not. This functional difference between the two cyclin types, the first to be described, provides strong support for the idea that the two cyclins have different roles in the cell cycle and suggests that one specialized role of the cyclin B-cdc2 complex is to activate the cyclin destruction pathway and drive cells into interphase of the next cell cycle.
Clinical evaluation of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure using hamstring tendon grafts: a prospective, randomized and controlled study. (2009)

Double bundle ACL reconstructions have no obvious clinical advantages over single bundle ACL reconstructions.
Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of daily disposable limbal ring contact lenses (2014)

SEM and AFM analysis revealed pigment on the surface of the lens for all types tested with the exception of 1DAD. Further research is required to determine if the difference in pigment location influences on-eye performance.
Total chemical synthesis, characterization, and immunological properties of an MHC class I model using the TASP concept for protein de novo design (1992)

The design, total chemical synthesis, and immunological properties of a four-alpha-helix bundle template-assembled synthetic protein (TASP) mimicking some of the structural features of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is described. In a first approach, the native sequence 58-74 of the alpha 1 heavy chain domain of HLA-A2 was modeled in order to increase helix stability and amphiphilicity of the 17-mer peptide, preserving the residues for potential T-cell receptor (TcR) binding properties. According to the TASP concept, these helical segments were covalently attached to a cyclic template molecule designed for the induction of a four-helix-bundle topology of the assembled peptide blocks. After extensive HPLC purification, stepwise solid-phase synthesis resulted in a TASP molecule of high chemical purity as demonstrated by analytical HPLC, mass spectrometry, and amino acid analysis. CD spectroscopic investigations are consistent with the onset of a partial alpha-helical conformation in aqueous buffer as well as in TFE. Antibodies raised directly against this four-alpha-helix bundle TASP molecule (without prior conjugation to a carrier molecule) were detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry studies showed that these antibodies recognize the native MHC class I molecule on the surface of HLA-A2-positive cells. The results indicate that the TASP approach represents a versatile tool for mimicking conformational epitopes.
Summary Abstract: Lateral <i>p</i>–<i>n</i> junction formation in GaAs molecular beam epitaxy by crystal-plane dependent doping (1986)

First Page
Modulation-doped MBE GaAs/n-Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As MESFETs (1981)

Modulation-doped GaAs/n-Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</inf> As MESFETs have been fabricated. At 77 K, DC transconductance of 160 mS mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> was observed, which is the highest transconductance value ever reported in this type of structure. The intrinsic transconductance was calculated to be 350 mSmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , and the corresponding average electron drift velocity is 1.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , which demonstrates the real advantage of this type of device in high-speed applications.
Drying Oils from Sorbitol and Linseed Fatty Acids. (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrying Oils from Sorbitol and Linseed Fatty Acids.J. D. Brandner, R. H. Hunter, M. D. Brewster, and R. E. BonnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 9, 809–812Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50429a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50429a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Arabidopsis transcription factors, RAV1 and RAV2, are regulated by touch-related stimuli in a dose-dependent and biphasic manner (2009)

Transcription factors, RAV1 and RAV2 from Arabidopsis thaliana, contain two distinct DNA-binding domains, AP2/EREBP and B3, both of which are uniquely found in plants. We found that transcripts of RAV1 and RAV2 were upregulated transiently by touch-related mechanical stimuli. However, the temporal expression patterns of RAV1 and RAV2 differed from those of known touch-induced genes. A striking feature of mechanical stimulus-induced expression of RAV1 and RAV2 was that it was biphasic; the RAV1 and RAV2 expression was reinduced and sustained after a rapid and transient induction. The extent of both transient and subsequent upregulation by touch-stimuli depended on the dose of the initial stimulus. Analysis of transgenic A. thaliana plants carrying a RAV2 promoter-GUS fusion gene indicated that the transient mechanical stimulus-induced RAV2 expression was primarily controlled by its promoter. Histochemical analysis of the transgenic plants revealed that GUS expression was strongly induced in the petioles and primordia of true leaves and shoot apical meristems, which may be related to the alteration in plant growth pattern caused by touch-stimuli. Because RAV1 has been suggested to be a negative regulator of growth and development, the dose-dependent biphasic upregulation of RAV1 and RAV2 may serve not only for immediate physiological responses and but also for developmental adaptation in response to the environmental stimuli.
Syntheses of diiridium complexes with two bridging tetrachalcogenide ligands [{Ir(η5-C5Me5)}2(μ-E4)2] (E = Se or S) and their reactions with alkynes forming mono- or di-nuclear dichalcogenolene complexes (2000)

Treatment of [ClCp*Ir(μ-Cl)2IrCp*Cl] 1 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) with 2 equivalents of Li2Se4 in THF at 50 °C afforded a diiridium complex with two bridging tetraselenide ligands [Cp*Ir(μ-Se4)2IrCp*] 2. The sulfur analog [Cp*Ir(μ-S4)2IrCp*] 3 was also obtained by either the reaction of 1 with Li2S4 or treatment of a mixture of [ClCp*Ir(μ-SH)2IrCp*Cl] and S8 with NEt3. When treated with MeO2CCCCO2Me (DMAD), 2 afforded the diselenolene complexes [Cp*Ir(μ-Se4){μ-Se2C2(CO2Me)2}IrCp*] and [IrCp*{Se2C2(CO2Me)2}] as well as the DMAD adduct to the latter [IrCp*{Se2C4(CO2Me)4}]. Analogous treatment of 2 with HCCCO2Me (MAMC) resulted in formation of diiridium complexes with bridging diselenolene ligand(s) [Cp*Ir(μ-Se4){μ-Se2C2H(CO2Me)}IrCp*] and [Cp*Ir{μ-Se2C2H(CO2Me)}2IrCp*] but no complex corresponding to [IrCp*{Se2C4(CO2Me)4}]. Reactions of 3 with these alkynes were also carried out for comparison, which led to exclusive formation of the mononuclear complexes: [IrCp*{S2C2(CO2Me)2}] and [IrCp*{S2C4(CO2Me)4}] for DMAD and [IrCp*{S2C2H(CO2Me)}] for MAMC, respectively. X-Ray analyses were undertaken to clarify the detailed structures of seven complexes.
Vibration induced droplet generation on textured surfaces (2008)

We report a new method to create droplets from a large drop by using surface texture and vibration. Drops are vibrated on a PDMS substrate textured with ring shaped mesa structures. The vibrating contact line is modeled as a parametric oscillator. Droplets are created under the effect of pinning of the contact line, Laplace pressure difference on the mesa and inside the well and the spring force pulling the contact line back during vibration. We created droplets of 0.1-0.3 muL from a 0.5 mL drop by vibrating the drop at its third mode shape. Droplets are generated at the frequency of contact line oscillation of the drop.
Polyglycylation of Tubulin Is Essential and Affects Cell Motility and Division in <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> (2000)

We analyzed the role of tubulin polyglycylation in Tetrahymena thermophila using in vivo mutagenesis and immunochemical analysis with modification-specific antibodies. Three and five polyglycylation sites were identified at glutamic acids near the COOH termini of alpha- and beta-tubulin, respectively. Mutants lacking all polyglycylation sites on alpha-tubulin have normal phenotype, whereas similar sites on beta-tubulin are essential. A viable mutant with three mutated sites in beta-tubulin showed reduced tubulin glycylation, slow growth and motility, and defects in cytokinesis. Cells in which all five polyglycylation sites on beta-tubulin were mutated were viable if they were cotransformed with an alpha-tubulin gene whose COOH terminus was replaced by the wild-type COOH terminus of beta-tubulin. In this double mutant, beta-tubulin lacked detectable polyglycylation, while the alpha-beta tubulin chimera was hyperglycylated compared with alpha-tubulin in wild-type cells. Thus, the essential function of polyglycylation of the COOH terminus of beta-tubulin can be transferred to alpha-tubulin, indicating it is the total amount of polyglycylation on both alpha- and beta-tubulin that is essential for survival.
Text Steganography in chat (2007)

Invention of the Internet and its spread in the world changes various aspects of human life. In addition, Internet changed human relations. Chat is one of the new aspects which invented after the Internet and is welcomed by users, especially by young people. In chat rooms, people talk with each other using text messages. Because of the need for quick typing of the word and also because of the high amount of sentences which is exchanged between users, new abbreviations are invented for various words and phrases in chat rooms. This new language is known as SMS-texting. On the other hand, the issue of safety and security of information and especially secret relationships has led to the introduction of numerous methods for secret communication. Among these methods, steganography is a rather new method. The present paper offers a new method for secret exchange of information through chat by using and developing abbreviation text steganography with the use of the SMS-texting language. This paper has been implemented by Java programming language.
Maturation of CD4+ Lymphocytes in the Aged Microenvironment Results in a Memory-Enriched Population (1999)

With advancing age the CD4+ T lymphocyte compartment becomes enriched for memory cells in both humans and experimental animals. Although it has been assumed that the shift from a naive to a memory-dominant population is due to a lifetime of antigenic exposure and selection as well as a loss of naive cell input due to reduced thymopoiesis, the present data suggest that the aged microenvironment influences the maturation of newly produced CD4+ T cells. In two models, aged and young mice were compared for the ability to reconstitute their peripheral CD4+ T cell pools following depletion, and both age groups were found to be competent to renew this population. However, the phenotype and lymphokine profile of populations arising in aged animals were distinctly different from those in the young mice. In contrast to the expectation that depletion and reconstitution might give rise to a naive-dominant T cell pool, aged mice reconstituted a population nearly indistinguishable from that found in control age-matched individuals. The majority of the CD4+ pool were CD44(high) CD45RB(low) Mel-14(low) and upon activation with anti-CD3 these CD4+ T cells produced mRNA for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma. In aged bone marrow-transplanted mice, the same phenotypic profile and cytokine mRNA pattern were found in CD4+ T cells of host and donor origin. In contrast, the majority of CD4+ T cells in young reconstituted mice were CD44(low) CD45RB(high) Mel-14(high). These lymphocytes, when activated, produced high levels of mRNA for IL-2, with little or no IL-4, IL-5, or IFN-gamma mRNA.
<title>Characterization of degradation products of PAH-contaminated soil after ozone treatment</title> (1995)

The oxidation effects of an ozone treatment using naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and a mixture of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on solid phases were studied. Due to ozonation, a decrease of the applied concentrations of each of the investigated compounds with respect to their molecular weights occurred (up to 86% for NAP, 73% for PHE and 50% for PYR). After ozonation, the formation of o-phthalaldehydic acid, o-phthalaldehyde, o-phthalic acid, oxalic acid, acetic-acid, formic acid, and diphenic acid was observed as oxidation products. Dependent on dosage, ozone was even able to oxidize the PAH to carbon dioxide and water to a certain extent.
New Approach To Optical Information-Processing Based On The Hopfield Model (1984)

Reference EPFL-TALK-158565View record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-11-25, modified on 2017-05-10
Cannabichromene, a new active principle in hashish (1966)

Y. Gaoni and R. Mechoulam, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 20 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000020
821. Hydrothermal chemistry of silicates. Part IV. Rubidium and cœsium aluminosilicates (1953)

R. M. Barrer and N. McCallum, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 4029 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530004029
Recognition of Shapes by Editing Shock Graphs (2001)

This paper presents a novel recognition framework which is based on matching shock graphs of 2D shape outlines, where the distance between two shapes is defined to be the cost of the least action path deforming one shape to another. Three key ideas render the implementation of this framework practical. First, the shape space is partitioned by defining an equivalence class on shapes, where two shapes with the same shock graph topology are considered to be equivalent. Second, the space of deformations is discretized by defining all deformations with the same sequence of shock graph transitions as equivalent. Shock transitions are points along the deformation where the shock graph topology changes. Third, we employ a graph edit distance algorithm that searches in the space of all possible transition sequences and finds the globally optimal sequence in polynomial time. The effectiveness of the proposed technique in the presence of a variety of visual transformations including occlusion, articulation and deformation of parts, shadow and highlights, viewpoint variation, and boundary perturbations is demonstrated. Indexing into two separate databases of roughly 100 shapes results in accuracy for top three matches and for the next three matches.