gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cograph Regularized Collective Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Multilabel Image Annotation (2019)

Automatic image annotation is an effective and straightforward way to facilitate many applications in computer vision. However, manually annotating images is a computation-expensive and labor-intensive task. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach by using a cograph regularized collective nonnegative matrix factorization method to annotate images, which is referred to as CG-CNMF; CG-CNMF maximizes the annotation consistency for each image and minimizes the semantic gap for good annotation performance. To reduce the computation cost, this method formulates the annotation problem as a recommending issue and uses nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to recover the image-to-label relation for the testing images. Moreover, to find the most similar latent image features and latent label features during the matrix factorization, it exploits the image-to-image relation and label-to-label relation by utilizing the visual content information of images and the semantic cooccurrence information of labels, respectively. To reduce the semantic gap between the image visual content and semantic concepts, both the semantic features and convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-based visual features are considered. Moreover, to address the label-imbalance and incomplete-label problems, the visual-based label cooccurrence information is also considered. In this way, visually similar images are highly correlated with the true semantics of the test images. The experimental results for three multilabel image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Learning to reconstruct shape and spatially-varying reflectance from a single image (2018)

Reconstructing shape and reflectance properties from images is a highly under-constrained problem, and has previously been addressed by using specialized hardware to capture calibrated data or by assuming known (or highly constrained) shape or reflectance. In contrast, we demonstrate that we can recover non-Lambertian, spatially-varying BRDFs and complex geometry belonging to any arbitrary shape class, from a single RGB image captured under a combination of unknown environment illumination and flash lighting. We achieve this by training a deep neural network to regress shape and reflectance from the image. Our network is able to address this problem because of three novel contributions: first, we build a large-scale dataset of procedurally generated shapes and real-world complex SVBRDFs that approximate real world appearance well. Second, single image inverse rendering requires reasoning at multiple scales, and we propose a cascade network structure that allows this in a tractable manner. Finally, we incorporate an in-network rendering layer that aids the reconstruction task by handling global illumination effects that are important for real-world scenes. Together, these contributions allow us to tackle the entire inverse rendering problem in a holistic manner and produce state-of-the-art results on both synthetic and real data.
Symptomatology of Acute Radiation Effects in Humans After Exposure to Doses of 0.5-30 Gy (1989)

This article distills from available data descriptions of typical human symptoms in reaction to prompt total-body ionizing radiation in the dose range 0.5 to 30 Gy midline body tissue. The symptoms are correlated with dose and time over the acute postexposure period of 6 wk. The purpose is to provide a symptomatology basis for assessing early functional impairment of individuals who may be involved in civil defense, emergency medical care and various military activities in the event of a nuclear attack. The dose range is divided into eight subranges associated with important pathophysiological events. For each subrange, signs and symptoms are designated including estimates of symptom onset, severity, duration and incidence.
Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening (2018)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
Nutch: A Flexible and Scalable Open-Source Web Search Engine (2005)

Nutch is an open-source Web search engine that can be used at global, local, and even personal scale. Its initial design goal was to enable a transparent alternative for global Web search in the public interest — one of its signature features is the ability to “explain ” its result rankings. Recent work has emphasized how it can also be used for intranets; by local communities with richer data models, such as the Creative Commons metadata-enabled search for licensed content; on a personal scale to index a user&apos;s files, email, and web-surfing history; and we also report on several other research projects built on Nutch. In this paper, we present how the architecture of the Nutch system enables it to be more flexible and scalable than other comparable systems today.
Swept-source parallel OCT (2009)

By increasing the speed and reducing the complexity of OCT systems, the parallel OCT system presented here will reduce the cost of high performance instruments while making them more widespread and easy to use. The instrument integrates line scanning with a swept source to achieve ultrahigh image speeds in a much simpler way. The swept source speed requirements are significantly relaxed. In a traditional OCT, a focused beam is scanned for image formation, while parallel OCT images simultaneously a full B-scan or a complete 3D cube. The system achieved ultrahigh scan speeds (98 kHz line rates and 160 fps), and was initially tested on various reflective and diffuse targets. The system demonstrates the potential for 3-D volumetric mapping of tissue at several volumes per second.
Magnitude of Maternal Anaemia in Rural Burkina Faso: Contribution of Nutritional Factors and Infectious Diseases (2016)

Background . Maternal anaemia is a worldwide public health problem affecting particularly developing countries. In Burkina Faso, little data is available for rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal anaemia and the risk factors associated with it in the rural health district of Hounde in Burkina Faso but also to define better control measures of maternal anaemia. Methods . This cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 had a sample of 3,140 pregnant women attending antenatal care in all the 18 primary health care facilities of the district. The women’s characteristics and their knowledge about contraceptives and sexually transmitted infections (STI) were collected. Also, physical and gynaecological examination, completed by vaginal, cervix, blood, and stool samplings, were collected. Results . A prevalence of 63.1% was recorded for maternal anaemia. Geophagy rate was 16.3% and vitamin A deficiency 69.3%. In addition, anaemia was independently associated with low education, low brachial perimeter, geophagy, and primigravida. But no statically significant relationship was found between maternal anaemia and infectious diseases or vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion . The magnitude of maternal anaemia was found to be higher in rural Hounde health district and should be addressed by adequate policy including education and the fight against malnutrition.
Ofatumumab As Single-Agent CD20 Immunotherapy in Fludarabine-Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

Ofatumumab is an active, well-tolerated treatment providing clear clinical improvements for fludarabine-refractory patients with very poor-prognosis CLL.
Statistical Significance of Clustering for High-Dimension, Low–Sample Size Data (2008)

AbstractClustering methods provide a powerful tool for the exploratory analysis of high-dimension, low–sample size (HDLSS) data sets, such as gene expression microarray data. A fundamental statistical issue in clustering is which clusters are "really there," as opposed to being artifacts of the natural sampling variation. We propose SigClust as a simple and natural approach to this fundamental statistical problem. In particular, we define a cluster as data coming from a single Gaussian distribution and formulate the problem of assessing statistical significance of clustering as a testing procedure. This Gaussian null assumption allows direct formulation of p values that effectively quantify the significance of a given clustering. HDLSS covariance estimation for SigClust is achieved by a combination of invariance principles, together with a factor analysis model. The properties of SigClust are studied. Simulated examples, as well as an application to a real cancer microarray data set, show that the proposed method works remarkably well for assessing significance of clustering. Some theoretical results also are obtained.KEY WORDS: ClusteringHigh-dimension, low–sample size datak-meansMicroarray gene expression datap valueStatistical significance
THE EFFECT OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE DRYING KINETICS AND REHYDRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME MW-VACUUM DEHYDRATED FRUITS (1999)

ABSTRACT The effect of drying conditions, namely, microwave power, vacuum pressure, as well as sample geometry, on the drying kinetics and rehydration characteristics of five microwave vacuum dehydrated fruits (apple, avocado, mushroom, pear and strawberry) was studied. The investigation involved a wide range of microwave power, vacuum pressure and sample size levels. The drying rate and the rehydration ratio, a measure of rehydration characteristics, were found to depend on the drying conditions. An empirical mass transfer model, involving a characteristic parameter for each process (drying and rehydration( as a function of process variables, namely, microwave power, vacuum pressure and sample size, was also tested with the data obtained in a microwave oven equipped with vacuum apparatus. Furthermore, a comparison of rehydration properties of microwave vacuum and conventionally dehydrated products, was conducted.
Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with Ethylenimine (1973)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was inactivated by ethylenimine (EI) at three concentrations and two temperatures. Comparison of inactivation kinetics and the antigenic and immunogenic potency of EI and N-acetylethylenimine (AEI)-inactivated FMDV indicates that EI has nearly optimal characteristics as an inactivant for FMDV vaccine preparation. Although AEI-inactivated FMDV has proved to be a potent specific immunogen, an equivalent percentage of EI inactivated FMDV at substantially faster rates and produced an equally potent immunogen. In addition, EI inactivated FMDV at rates that were essentially linear throughout the loss of nearly all measurable infectivity.
Unique versus redundant functions of IL-1α and IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment (2013)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major "alarm" upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects immunity and hematopoiesis by inducing cytokine cascades. In the tumor arena, IL-1 is produced by malignant or microenvironmental cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-1 is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor invasiveness but also in the control of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1α and IL-1β are the major agonists of IL-1, while IL-1Ra is a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1. In their secreted form, IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the same receptors and induce the same biological functions, but IL-1α and IL-1β differ in their compartmentalization within the producing cell or the microenvironment. IL-1β is only active in its processed, secreted form, and mediates inflammation, which promotes carcinogenesis, tumor invasiveness, and immunosuppression, whereas IL-1α is mainly cell-associated and in the tumor context, when expressed on the cell membrane, it stimulates anti-tumor cell immunity manifested by tumor regression. In the tumor milieu, extracellular levels of IL-1α are usually low and do not stimulate broad inflammation that promotes progression. Immunosuppression induced by IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment, mainly through MDSC induction, usually inhibits or masks anti-tumor cell immunity induced by cell-associated IL-1α. However, in different tumor systems, redundant or unique patterns of IL-1α and IL-1β expression and function have been observed. Recent breakthroughs in inflammasome biology and IL-1β processing/secretion have spurred the development of novel anti-IL-1 agents, which are being used in clinical trials in patients with diverse inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of the integrative role of IL-1α and IL-1β in distinct malignancies will facilitate the application of novel IL-1 modulation approaches at the bedside, in cancer patients with minimal residual disease (MRD), as an adjunct to conventional approaches to reduce the tumor burden.
Gallium-68 PET: a new frontier in receptor cancer imaging. (2008)

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are rare tumours that occur most commonly in the GI tract. Various labelled somatostatin analogues are used to image NET expressing somatostatin receptors (SSTR). In traditional nuclear medicine, most peptides used in imaging NET have been labelled with indium-111, the commonest being indium-111-octreotide (111In-octreotide). Unfortunately, the unfavourable physical qualities of In-111 make it unsuitable for detecting small tumour deposits. The recent introduction of gallium-68-1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (gallium-68-DOTA) compounds for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has significantly improved the quality of imaging NET through improved resolution of PET and higher affinity of the new generation of peptides to SSTR. In the present paper, we discuss the clinical and research applications of PET radio-tracers for evaluating NET, in particular gallium-68-DOTA compounds. The recent introduction of PET imaging with gallium-68 has major bearings in current and future clinical practice. Its labelling with DOTA compounds has cleared the way for somatostatin receptor imaging with a viable PET agent, with all its inherent imaging advantages compared to single photon imaging. The pre-clinical and clinical applications of this technique has been successful in a variety of tumours, particularly NET and its labelling with other ligands and molecules will improve the management of other tumours and the assessment of infection.
Structural properties of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides that promote ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux (2018)

Peptides mimicking the major protein of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), are promising therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases. Similar to apoA-I, their atheroprotective property is attributed to their ability to form discoidal HDL-like particles by extracting cellular cholesterol and phospholipids from lipid microdomains created by the ABCA1 transporter in a process called cholesterol efflux. The structural features of peptides that enable cholesterol efflux are not well understood. Herein, four synthetic amphipathic peptides denoted ELK, which only contain Glu, Leu, Lys, and sometimes Ala, and which have a wide range of net charges and hydrophobicities, were examined for cholesterol efflux. Experiments show that ELKs with a net neutral charge and a hydrophobic face that subtends an angle of at least 140° are optimal for cholesterol efflux. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that peptides that are effective in promoting cholesterol efflux stabilize HDL nanodiscs formed by these peptides by the orderly covering of the hydrophobic acyl chains on the edge of the disc. In contrast to apoA-I, which forms an anti-parallel double belt around the HDL, active peptides assemble in a mostly anti-parallel "picket fence" arrangement. These results shed light on the efflux ability of apoA-I mimetics and inform the future design of such therapeutics.
Refractive Index Sensing Using Visible Electromagnetic Resonances of Supported Cu<sub>2</sub>O Particles (2017)

Plasmonic metal nanostructures, in colloidal or surface-supported forms, have been extensively studied in the context of metamaterials design and applications, in particular as refractometric sensing platforms. Recently, high refractive index (high-n) dielectric subwavelength structures have been experimentally shown to support strong Mie scattering resonances, predicted to exhibit analogous refractive index sensing capabilities. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of the use of supported high-n dielectric nano/microparticle ensembles as refractive index sensing platforms, using cuprous oxide as a model high-n material. Single-crystalline Cu<sub>2</sub>O particles were deposited on transparent substrates using a chemical deposition scheme, showing well-defined electric and magnetic dipolar resonances (EDR and MDR, respectively) in the visible range, which change in intensity and wavelength upon changing the medium refractive index (n<sub>m</sub>). The significant modulation of the MDR intensity when n<sub>m</sub> is modified appears to be the most valuable empirical sensing parameter. The Mie scattering properties of Cu<sub>2</sub>O particles, particularly the spectral dependence of the MDR on n<sub>m</sub>, are theoretically modeled to support the experimental observations. MDR extinction changes (i.e., refractive index sensitivity) per particle are >100 times higher compared to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) changes in supported Au nanoislands, encouraging the evaluation of Cu<sub>2</sub>O and other high-n dielectric particles and sensing modes in order to improve the sensitivity in optical (bio)sensing applications.
Nitrogen Doping of Hydrochars Produced Hydrothermal Treatment of Sucrose in H<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and NaOH (2013)

In this work, we have focused on the effect of highly acidic (0.2 M H2SO4), neutral (H2O), and basic (0.2 M NaOH) solutions with and without the addition of 0.2 M (NH4)2SO4 on the chemical and structural morphologies of hydrothermally formed carbon spheres (hydrochar) from sucrose at 200 °C for 4 h. Hydrolysis product yields without the addition of (NH4)2SO4 varied considerably (11.34 wt % H2SO4, 47.81 wt % H2O, and 3.54 wt % NaOH) as did spherical size (3.34, 4.57, and 6.63 nm for H2SO4, H2O, and NaOH, respectively). The addition of (NH4)2SO4 increased product yields considerably in acidic and basic conditions (27.76 wt % H2SO4 and 14.73 wt % NaOH). Chemically, the hydrochars had a carbon content between 60 and 70 wt % and oxygen content between 22% and 29% with alcohol groups (12.29, 15.44, 11.26 atom % for H2SO4, H2O and NaOH respectively) the main oxygen functionality, although carbonyls, carboxylic acids, and ketones were also present. These oxygen functionalities fluctuated with the presence of (NH4)2SO4, with reductions in alcohols (1–3 atom %) and ketones (1–3 atom %), and increases in carboxylic acids. Nitrogen was located in pyridinic, pyrrolyic, and quaternary groups (6.24, 3.22, and 9.41 atom % for H2SO4, H2O, and NaOH, respectively). GC-MS revealed that levulinic acid was the predominate byproduct.
PCR detection of Clostridium difficile triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB), binary toxin (cdtA, cdtB), and tcdC genes in Vhembe District, South Africa. (2008)

Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were used to determine the prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Vhembe, South Africa. Of 322 stool samples collected, toxigenic C. difficile was found in 23 (7.1%) cases and was significantly associated with diarrhea 20 (11.4%) compared with 3 (2%) in non-diarrheal samples (chi(2) = 426, P = 0.001), intestinal inflammation in 18 (12.1%) compared with 5 (2.9%) in lactoferrin-negative samples (chi(2) = 10.194, P = 0.001), and occult blood in 19 (16%) compared with 4 (2%) in occult blood-negative samples (chi(2) = 22.157, P < 0.001). Toxigenic C. difficile was more common among individuals > 50 years of age (20%), followed by those between 30 and 39 years of age (19%) and was not associated with HIV infections (chi(2) = 0.289, P = 0.591). Co-infection with other pathogens was common. Multivariate analysis indicated that toxigenic C. difficile was associated with E. bieneusi (P = 0.028), C. parvum (P = 0.007), and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) (P = 0.007) in diarrheal samples. This study confirms the usefulness of PCR methodologies in the detection of toxigenic C. difficile and suggests that C. difficile is responsible for a small, but underappreciated, proportion of diarrheal cases in the region, and further study is warranted in this area.
Study on the Database Application Technique Used between UTCS and UTFGS (2005)

UTCS and UTFGS are two key subsystems of ITS. How to construct an economical database system shared by the two is the main content of this paper. There are some details in processing the error data which is from the data collection system.
Changes in portal vein flow after adult living-donor liver transplantation: Does it influence postoperative liver function? (2003)

In adult living donor liver transplantation, using small grafts in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension may have unpredictable consequences. The so-called small-for-size syndrome is present in most series worldwide. The goal of this study was to prospectively evaluate the influence of hemodynamic changes on postoperative liver function and on the percentage of liver volume increase, in the setting of living donor liver transplantation. Twenty-two consecutive adult living donor liver transplantations were performed at our institution in a 2-year period. We measured right portal flow and right hepatic arterial flow with an ultrasonic flow meter in the donor, and then in the recipient 1 hour after reperfusion. Postoperative liver function was measured by daily laboratory work. We also performed duplex ultrasounds on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. Liver volume increase was estimated by magnetic resonance imaging graft volumetry at 2 months posttransplantation. We compared the blood flow results with the immediate liver function and its liver volume increase rate at 2 months. There was a significant increase in portal flow in the recipients compared with the donors (up to fourfold in some cases). Higher portal flow increase rates significantly correlated with faster prothrombin time normalization and faster liver volume increases. Median graft volume increase at 2 months was 44.9%. The increase in blood flow to the graft is well tolerated by the liver mass not affecting hepatocellular function as long as the graft-to body weight ratio is maintained (>0.8) and adequate outflow is provided.