gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of murine T cells by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type A. Requirement for MHC class II molecules on accessory cells and identification of V <i>beta</i> elements in T cell receptor of toxin-reactive T cells. (1990)

We investigated the mechanisms of murine T cell activation by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type A (SPE A), focusing on the role of MHC class II molecules on accessory cells (AC) and V beta usage in alpha beta TCR of SPE A-reactive T cells in comparison with staphylococcal enterotoxin B-reactive T cells. L cells transfected with I-Ab genes functioned as effective AC for SPE A-induced responses by C57BL/6 T cells, proliferation, and IL-2 production, but control L cells were not effective AC. Anti-I-Ab mAb inhibited the SPE A-induced responses. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced C57BL/6 T cell blasts were composed of cells bearing V beta 3, members of the V beta 8 family, and V beta 11. Most of the SPE A-induced T cell blasts (about 80%) bore V beta 8.2. mAb reactive to V beta 8.2 markedly inhibited SPE A-induced T cell responses. Apparently, SPE A activates mainly T cells bearing V beta 8.2 in physical association with MHC class II molecules expressed on AC. We also discuss the pathogenic activities of SPE A in relation to toxic shock syndrome.
Algorithms for Optimizing the Treatment of Depression: Making the Right Decision at the Right Time (2003)

Medication algorithms for the treatment of depression are designed to optimize both treatment implementation and the appropriateness of treatment strategies. Thus, they are essential tools for treating and avoiding refractory depression. Treatment algorithms are explicit treatment protocols that provide specific therapeutic pathways and decision-making tools at critical decision points throughout the treatment process. The present article provides an overview of major projects of algorithm research in the field of antidepressant therapy. The Berlin Algorithm Project and the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) compare algorithm-guided treatments with treatment as usual. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression Project (STAR*D) compares different treatment strategies in treatment-resistant patients.
Preparation and Characterization of the Novel Magnetic Nano-Sized Ferrite(Fe_3O_4) Particles Modified by C_(16)H_(33)NaO_2 (2006)

In order to obtain the ferrite magnetic fluids of higher magneticintensity with a simpler preparation.In this paper,the nano-sizedferrite magnetic particles were prepared by chemical precipitation.The influence of operating temperature(T),time(t),pH(y) and surfactant on the stability of the ferrite magneticparticles(n) were studied.Then studies are made in detail on the formation mechanismof ferrite(Fe_3O_4) particles and the influencing factors.So the most prospect method of preparing Fe_3O_4 of high purity,free particle diameter and even dispersion were found:t=(180 min),T=80℃,y=0.25,n=0.6 The IR measurement indicates that the nano-sized ferrite particles obtained in such a way are packed with surfactants and have an average diameter less than(10 nm).The XRD confirms,ns that the products are ferrite particles.Then the properties are investigated by VSM etc.
Adjustable boron carbonitride nanotubes (2002)

The adjustable photoluminescence (PL) and field electron emission (FEE) properties of boron carbonitride (B–C–N) nanotubes grown under well-controlled conditions are studied systematically. Large-scale highly aligned B–C–N nanotubes are synthesized directly on Ni substrates by the bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Single-walled B–C–N nanotubes and nanometric B–C–N heterojunctions are obtained by the pulsed-arc-discharge technique and pause-reactivation two-stage process, respectively. It is found that the microstructures, orientations, and chemical compositions of the nanotubes can be controlled by varying growth parameters. The mechanism of the controllable growth is also investigated. Intense and stable PL from the nanotubes is observed in both blue-violet (photon energies 3.14–2.55 eV) and yellow-green bands (photon energies 2.13–2.34 eV) and the emission bands are adjusted by varying the compositions of the nanotubes. FEE properties are also studied and optimized by varying the B or N atomic concentrations in the nanotubes. All these results verify the controllability of the electronic band structure of the B–C–N nanotubes.
The Use of Australian Honey in Moist Wound Management (2005)

This project has investigated the correlation between antimicrobial activity and the non-peroxide activity of particular Leptospermum-derived honeys. Initial investigations tested the efficacy of these honeys against one particular bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), while later studies assessed the effect of this honey on a range of food pathogens, animal pathogens (e.g. in mastitis) and human pathogens (e.g. golden Staph). Using honeys sourced from around Australia and screened against several reference microorganisms, the anti-microbial potency of one particular Australian honey (from Leptospermum polygalifolium) was shown to be comparable to NZ Manuka honey (from L.scoparium). The results of this screening of active honeys against pathogenic bacteria has supported the registration of honey by Capilano Honey Limited as a “Drug” with the Therapeutic Goods Administration based on its antimicrobial activity.
Nucleic Acid Structures (1997)

Abstract From the wide discipline of nucleic acid structure only selected topics have a direct bearing on antisense technology. Thus nucleic acid structure will not be discussed in this chapter as an independent field of research but as an essential factor for a particular field of application. The restrictions for selecting the topics of interest concern the structural elements as well as the solution conditions and the thermodynamic conditions. I shall mainly address RNA intramolecular structure and RNA:RNA double-strand formation. A few examples of DNA oligonucleotides directed against RNA targets will also be considered. Antisense technology is predominantly an in vivo technology, whereas studies on nucleic acid structure have been carried out in the past mainly in vitro. Therefore, in vitro conditions either have to be adapted to reflect the in vivo situation or the data have to be extrapolated. This requirement restricts the applicability of several experimental methods. Not only the solution conditions but also the thermodynamic approach has to resemble the requirements of antisense technology. Antisense RNA as well as target RNA act in structures which are formed right after synthesis in the cell. These structures, which might also exist as mixtures of conformers, deviate in many cases from the equilibrium structure. This complicates the experimental as well as the theoretical approach. Having these restrictions in mind, an outline will be given on the structures, on methods to predict them, and on experimental approaches for structure analysis.
<i>trans</i> -Complementation Allows Recovery of Human Respiratory Syncytial Viruses That Are Infectious but Deficient in Cell-to-Cell Transmission (2004)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) expresses three transmembrane glycoproteins: small hydrophobic protein SH, attachment protein G, and fusion protein F. The genes encoding SH and G can be deleted from the HRSV genome and infectious virus recovered. In contrast, HRSVs lacking the F gene or a functional replacement thereof have not been reported. To generate a system with which to study the roles of the viral transmembrane glycoproteins, including F, in the HRSV life cycle, we generated a cell line expressing a heterologous viral glycoprotein for complementation of glycoprotein function in trans. We previously demonstrated that the baculovirus GP64 protein or a chimeric form of GP64 carrying the 12 C-terminal amino acids of the HRSV F protein (GP(64/F)) can efficiently mediate HRSV infectivity and improve its stability, when expressed from an engineered HRSV genome. Here, we report the development of a stably transfected Vero cell line (Vbac) constitutively expressing the GP(64/F) protein. From the Vbac cell line, viruses that lacked the SH and F open reading frames (ORFs) or the SH, G, and F ORFs could be recovered from cDNAs. These viruses, designated RSDeltaSH,F and RSDeltaSH,G,F, respectively, had place-keeper ORFs inserted in place of the deleted ORFs to maintain authentic transcription levels. In the Vbac cell line, RSDeltaSH,f and RSDeltaSH,G,F could be amplified to near wild-type-level titers, and the resulting viruses were infectious to Vero and HEp-2 cells. After entry into Vero or HEp-2 cells, however, neither virus RSDeltaSH,F nor virus RSDeltaSH,G,F was able to spread in the infected cultures. Growth analyses showed that infectious virions were not produced in Vero or HEp-2 cells infected with RSDeltaSH,F and RSDeltaSH,G,F. Combined, these data provide direct evidence that HRSV F is an essential viral protein required for cell-to-cell transmission and demonstrate that complementation with the GP64 protein in trans constitutes a powerful tool for the study of the role of individual HRSV transmembrane glycoproteins in virus assembly, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. In addition, the ability to generate infectious but nonspreading viruses may provide an alternative approach for the development of safe and stable HRSV vaccine candidates.
Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of Unactivated Linear 1,3-Dienes (2010)

Monosubstituted acyclic (E)-1,3-dienes undergo efficient hydrovinylation giving (Z)-3-alkylhexa-1,4-dienes upon treatment with catalytic amounts of bidentate phosphine-CoCl(2) complexes {[P~P](CoCl(2))} and Me(3)Al in an atmosphere of ethylene. The regioselectivity of the reaction (i.e., 1,4- or 1,2-addition) depends on the nature of the ligand and temperature at which the reaction is carried out. Complexes derived from (RR)-DIOP and (SS)-BDDP at -45 degrees C give very high enantioselectivities for several prototypical 1,3-dienes. In sharp contrast to the corresponding Ni(II)-catalyzed hydrovinylation, 1-aryl-substituted 1,3-dienes give almost exclusively achiral linear 1,4-addition products, unless the 2-position is also substituted. Solid-state structures of the precatalysts are presented.
HeLa cell infection by Yersinia enterocolitica: evidence for lack of intracellular multiplication and development of a new procedure for quantitative expression of infectivity (1981)

The in vitro invasive properties of bacteria have frequently been studied by the use of HeLa cell cultures in chamber slides, using microscopic examination to enumerate intracellular bacteria. When this system was used to examine invasive properties of Yersinia enterocolitica, it resulted in rapid internalization of high numbers of bacteria during the infection phase which prevented subsequent discrimination of intracellular multiplication. A modified procedure was developed which standardized the ratio of bacteria to HeLa cells (i.e., multiplicity), the time for the infection phase, and the addition of specific antiserum with gentamicin for restricting bacterial uptake during the intracellular growth phase. Studies with this modified chamber slide system found that strains of human isolates of Y. enterocolitica (serotypes O:3, O:8, O:5,27, and O:6,30) exhibited different degrees of cell infection but did not multiply intracellularly. A second test system was developed that used roller tubes and viable cell counts for the enumeration of intracellular bacteria. This roller tube system confirmed that internalized bacteria did not multiply inside HeLa cells over a 24-h period. The roller tube system with viable cell counts for enumeration is a simplified technique for quantitative comparison of in vitro infectivity of HeLa cells by Y. enterocolitica.
An Interpolator For HD-MAC decoder (2005)

In the 3-branch HD-MAC system, blocks of the picture are prefiltered and subsampled according to motion modes: stationary, slow motion, and fast motion. This paper describes an interpolator for HDMAC decoder using a combinations of some simple filters and a method to interpolate pixels across blocks of different sampling structures.
The incidence of adverse events and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal disorders associated with meloxicam use amongst 19 087 patients in general practice in England: cohort study (2000)

In the absence of gastro-intestinal risk factors the incidence of gastro-intestinal disturbance was low. Such risk factors should be carefully reviewed prior to prescribing meloxicam.
Serum Deprivation Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Transformed Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells via Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways (2005)

Taken together, these results indicate that serum withdrawal induces apoptotic cell death in RGC-5 cells via mitochondrial pathways. These studies lead to the speculation that growth factor deprivation arising from blockade of retrograde transport of neurotrophins may involve similar mechanism(s) of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma.
Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers based on Benzofulvene: Synthesis and Mechanical Properties (2015)

Abstract : Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are of great importance both academically and technologically. Currently TPEs arethe predominant form of styrene-diene copolymers. However, these styrenic TPEs have serious limitations inapplications, especially at higher temperature, because of their low upper service temperature (UST). The workdescribed in this dissertation is aimed toward developing thermoplastic elastomers with a higher UST and lower cost.
An increase in adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) content in rostral ventrolateral medulla is engaged in the high fructose diet-induced hypertension (2014)

These results suggest that increases in ATP content in RVLM may be engaged in the augmented sympathetic vasomotor activity and hypertension associated with the metabolic syndrome induced by the HFD. At cellular level, the increase in pyruvate levels via fructolysis is involved in the fructose-induced ATP production and the release of neurotransmitter.
The Biological Functions of Glutathione Revisited in Arabidopsis Transgenic Plants with Altered Glutathione Levels (2001)

A functional analysis of the role of glutathione in protecting plants from environmental stress was undertaken by studying Arabidopsis that had been genetically modified to have altered glutathione levels. The steady-state glutathione concentration in Arabidopsis plants was modified by expressing the cDNA for gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (GSH1) in both the sense and antisense orientation. The resulting plants had glutathione levels that ranged between 3% and 200% of the level in wild-type plants. Arabidopsis plants with low glutathione levels were hypersensitive to Cd due to the limited capacity of these plants to make phytochelatins. Plants with the lowest levels of reduced glutathione (10% of wild type) were sensitive to as little as 5 microM Cd, whereas those with 50% wild-type levels required higher Cd concentrations to inhibit growth. Elevating glutathione levels did not increase metal resistance. It is interesting that the plants with low glutathione levels were also less able to accumulate anthocyanins supporting a role for glutathione S-transferases for anthocyanin formation or for the vacuolar localization and therefore accumulation of these compounds. Plants with less than 5% of wild-type glutathione levels were smaller and more sensitive to environmental stress but otherwise grew normally.
Subscription of digital broadcast content utilizing the syndication feeds mechanism (2008)

The usage of podcasting for all kind of media files in the Internet has become very popular. A part of its strength lies in its simplicity. However, the success of such a technology proves not only the demand for structured data but also produces new problems of networking costs for broadcasters. Media devices of the future will be able to access content either from digital broadcast networks or through the Internet infrastructure. In order to manage and present this multifaceted material to the user, common metadata and procedures are needed. This contribution will give a survey of the standards and methods provided for digital broadcasting and cellular systems as DAB/DMB, HD RadioTM, DVB, UMTS and explore their ability to interface with on-demand content provided in the Internet. Two implementations for digital radio and TV will show how such a linkage of linear content with on-demand content can be presented to the user.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>: New diagnostic tools. Clinical and experimental studies on local and systemic immune response (1992)

Helicobacter pylori : new diagnostic tools : clinical and experimental studies on local and systemic immune response
On single amplifier bi-quadratic topologies in transimpedance configuration (2009)

Three recently proposed Active RC transimpedance topologies using single operational amplifier have been studied in detail for obtaining optimum design choices of component values. The gain sensitivity product (GSP) extensively studied in literature for the performance evaluation of active RC filters has been employed in this study to facilitate optimization of the active and passive network sensitivities of these three topologies. Modifications are suggested for classical two-opamp-based Twin-T based negative feedback type filter to reduce the number of opamps from two to one while realizing desired transimpedance as well as filtering functions. The Nodal voltage simulation technique that has been proposed to derive new Active RC filters needing opamps with grounded non-inverting inputs, from Active RC filter circuits using opamps with ungrounded non-inverting input. In this paper, this technique is used to derive a new transimpedance type filter from the low-pass filter described by Friend. All the circuits considered have been compared regarding passive and active sensitivities as well as GSP.
Optimizing the planning of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (1994)

A method of computing optimized intensity-modulated beam profiles has been further developed and used to generate highly conformal radiotherapy dose distributions. The features of these distributions are shown to be strongly dependent on the tuning built into the algorithm. The optimization aims to achieve a specified dose prescription with a posteriori computation of probabilistic biological response. A method has been developed to show the effect of stratifying the intensity-modulated beam profiles into a number of finite intensity increments. It is shown that, provided the number of intensity strata is not too small, highly conformal dose distributions can be achieved with a number of fields (e.g. 7 or 9) which is not excessively large. This number, however, depends on the exact shape of the planning target volume (PTV and its disposition with respect to juxtaposed organs at risk (OARs). These intensity-modulated profiles can therefore be delivered either by apparatus for 'tomotherapy' or by using the multileaf collimator at each gantry orientation to deliver a sequence of fixed fields with different field sizes, constructing the beam profile via finite increments of beam intensity. When the PTV and OARS overlap, due to including a finite margin on the clinical target volume to account for tissue movement, it is shown that the dose delivered to the overlap region provides a limit on what can be achieved with conformal therapy. This problem is encountered, for example, when treating the prostate which lies next to part of the rectum and bladder. Some comment is provided on, but not a solution for, the problem of optimizing field orientation.
A novel framework for extremely low-light video enhancement (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for enhancement of very low-light video. For noise reduction, motion adaptive temporal filtering based on the Kalman structured updating is presented. Dynamic range of denoised video is increased by adaptive adjustment of RGB histograms. Finally, remaining noise is removed using Non-local means (NLM) denoising. The proposed method exploits color filter array (CFA) raw data for achieving low memory consumption.
Computational Optimal Transport: Complexity by Accelerated Gradient Descent Is Better Than by Sinkhorn's Algorithm (2018)

We analyze two algorithms for approximating the general optimal transport (OT) distance between two discrete distributions of size $n$, up to accuracy $\varepsilon$. For the first algorithm, which is based on the celebrated Sinkhorn's algorithm, we prove the complexity bound $\widetilde{O}\left({n^2/\varepsilon^2}\right)$ arithmetic operations. For the second one, which is based on our novel Adaptive Primal-Dual Accelerated Gradient Descent (APDAGD) algorithm, we prove the complexity bound $\widetilde{O}\left(\min\left\{n^{9/4}/\varepsilon, n^{2}/\varepsilon^2 \right\}\right)$ arithmetic operations. Both bounds have better dependence on $\varepsilon$ than the state-of-the-art result given by $\widetilde{O}\left({n^2/\varepsilon^3}\right)$. Our second algorithm not only has better dependence on $\varepsilon$ in the complexity bound, but also is not specific to entropic regularization and can solve the OT problem with different regularizers.
Intrinsic viscosity‐molecular weight relationship for polystyrene (1947)

Abstract The molecular weight‐viscosity relationships for polystyrene are reviewed and it is recommended that the Staudinger relationship be discarded in favor of the conventional modification of it, [η] = KM a . An emulsion‐prepared polystyrene was fractionated and the viscosities and osmotic molecular weight determined. The corresponding relationship between the viscosities in butanone and toluene is observed to follow the above equation. A table containing the molecular weight‐viscosity relationships for polymers is appended.
Diagnosis and treatment of renin-secreting tumors. Report of three cases. (1984)

During the past 10 years, we have found renin-secreting renal juxtaglomerular cell tumors in three hypertensive patients (two women, one man, aged 22, 69, and 21 years, respectively). The major chemical and biological findings revealed the association of severe hypertension with hypokalemia and increased plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone. The diagnosis of such tumors is difficult, and two of the three patients were followed up for four and five years respectively before undergoing surgery. The pharmacological blockade of the renin system by various agents (beta-blockers, angiotensin II antagonists, and captopril) and its effects on blood pressure and plasma renin activity proved to be unreliable. Renal venous catheterization for renin measurements failed to provide adequate localization of the tumor. Direct radioimmunoassay, however, showed the total plasma renin to be markedly elevated. In addition, renal arteriography showed an avascular area corresponding to the renin-secreting tumor in each of the three patients. All three patients were cured of hypertension and hypokalemia by excision of the tumor.