gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The U.S. Department of Energy Wind Turbine Development Program (1995)

The development of technologically-advanced wind turbines continues to be a high priority of the US wind industry. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring a range of projects that assist the wind industry to design, develop, and test new wind turbines. The overall goal is to develop turbines that can compete with conventional electric generation with a cost of energy (COE) of 5 cents/kWh at 5.8 m/s (13 mph sites) by the mid-1990s and with a cost of energy of 4 cents/kWh or less at 5.8 m/s sites by the year 2000. These goals will be supported through the DOE Turbine Development Program. The Turbine Development Program uses a two-path approach. The first path assists US industry to develop and integrate innovative technologies into utility-grade wind turbines for the near-term (mid-1990s). The second path assists industry to develop a new generation of turbines for the year 2000. This paper describes present and planned projects under the Turbine Development Program.
Imaging the Impact of Cortical Microcirculation on Synaptic Structure and Sensory-Evoked Hemodynamic Responses In Vivo (2007)

In vivo two-photon microscopy was used to image in real time dendrites and their spines in a mouse photothrombotic stroke model that reduced somatosensory cortex blood flow in discrete regions of cortical functional maps. This approach allowed us to define relationships between blood flow, cortical structure, and function on scales not previously achieved with macroscopic imaging techniques. Acute ischemic damage to dendrites was triggered within 30 min when blood flow over >0.2 mm(2) of cortical surface was blocked. Rapid damage was not attributed to a subset of clotted or even leaking vessels (extravasation) alone. Assessment of stroke borders revealed a remarkably sharp transition between intact and damaged synaptic circuitry that occurred over tens of mum and was defined by a transition between flowing and blocked vessels. Although dendritic spines were normally ~13 microm from small flowing vessels, we show that intact dendritic structure can be maintained (in areas without flowing vessels) by blood flow from vessels that are on average 80 microm away. Functional imaging of intrinsic optical signals associated with activity-evoked hemodynamic responses in somatosensory cortex indicated that sensory-induced changes in signal were blocked in areas with damaged dendrites, but were present ~400 microm away from the border of dendritic damage. These results define the range of influence that blood flow can have on local cortical fine structure and function, as well as to demonstrate that peri-infarct tissues can be functional within the first few hours after stroke and well positioned to aid in poststroke recovery.
Extension of Power Line Fault Location Techniques to Pressurized Line Diagnostics (2006)

Researchers in power systems have investigated fault location methods for many years and have developed mature techniques. Analogies between hydraulic systems and electrical circuits are long established, and are useful for pipeline system analysis. Based on an electric model of the pressurized lines, this paper provides a feasibility study of extending power line fault location techniques to pressurized line leakage diagnostics. Theoretical derivations are presented in the paper.
Validity of verbal autopsy procedures for determining cause of death in Tanzania (2006)

Verbal autopsy reliably estimated CSMFs for diseases of public health importance in all age groups. Further validation is needed to assess reasons for lack of positive results for some conditions.
Simvastatin Alters the RhoA Adaptation to Skeletal Muscle Stress Conditions (2016)

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title.
A survey of classification learning algorithm (2005)

Classification is one of the most active research and application areas. Since Fisher's famous discriminant analysis a plethora of algorithms for classification have been developed. This paper provides the survey of some of the important classification algorithms, outlines their advantages and disadvantages, analyzes the challenges encountered in practice nowadays and gives the promising solution to challenges.
First-Principles Study of Rectification in Bis-2-(5-ethynylthienyl)ethyne Molecular Junctions (2011)

Using density functional theory (DFT) combined with the first-principles nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF), we investigated the electron-transport properties and rectifying behaviors of several molecular junctions based on the bis-2-(5-ethynylthienyl)ethyne (BETE) molecule. To examine the roles of different rectification factors, asymmetric electrode-molecule contacts and donor-acceptor substituent groups were introduced into the BETE-based molecular junction. The asymmetric current-voltage characteristics were obtained for the molecular junctions containing asymmetric contacts and donor-acceptor groups. In our models, the computed rectification ratios show that the mode of electrode-molecule contacts plays a crucial role in rectification and that the rectifying effect is not enhanced significantly by introducing the additional donor-acceptor components for the molecular rectifier with asymmetric electrode-molecule contacts. The current-voltage characteristics and rectifying behaviors are discussed in terms of transmission spectra, molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) states, and energy levels of MPSH states.
CMOS smart temperature sensors - an overview (2003)

This paper gives an overview of the theory and design of smart temperature sensors in CMOS technology. After the introduction and general design aspects, the paper focuses on the improvement of the accuracy.
Theoretical background for continental- and global-scale full-waveform inversion in the time-frequency domain (2008)

We propose a new approach to full seismic waveform inversion on continental and global scales. This is based on the time-frequency transform of both data and synthetic seismograms with the use of time- and frequency-dependent phase and envelope misfits. These misfits allow us to provide a complete quantification of the differences between data and synthetics while separating phase and amplitude information. The result is an efficient exploitation of waveform information that is robust and quasi-linearly related to Earth's structure. Thus, the phase and envelope misfits are usable for continental- and global-scale tomography, that is, in a scenario where the seismic wavefield is spatially undersampled and where a 3-D reference model is usually unavailable. Body waves, surface waves and interfering phases are naturally included in the analysis. We discuss and illustrate technical details of phase measurements such as the treatment of phase jumps and instability in the case of small amplitudes. The Fréchet kernels for phase and envelope misfits can be expressed in terms of their corresponding adjoint wavefields and the forward wavefield. The adjoint wavefields are uniquely determined by their respective adjoint-source time functions. We derive the adjoint-source time functions for phase and envelope misfits. The adjoint sources can be expressed as inverse time-frequency transforms of a weighted phase difference or a weighted envelope difference. In a comparative study, we establish connections between the phase and envelope misfits and the following widely used measures of seismic waveform differences: (1) cross-correlation time-shifts; (2) relative rms amplitude differences; (3) generalized seismological data functionals and (4) the L2 distance between data and synthetics used in time-domain full-waveform inversion. We illustrate the computation of Fréchet kernels for phase and envelope misfits with data from an event in the West Irian region of Indonesia, recorded on the Australian continent. The synthetic seismograms are computed for a heterogeneous 3-D velocity model of the Australian upper mantle, with a spectral-element method. The examples include P body waves, Rayleigh waves and S waves, interfering with higher-mode surface waves. All the kernels differ from the more familar kernels for cross-correlation time-shifts or relative rms amplitude differences. The differences arise from interference effects, 3-D Earth's structure and waveform dissimilarities that are due to waveform dispersion in the heterogeneous Earth.
Nondestructive Testing Cuts Runway Rehab Costs (1983)

Nondestructive testing of an asphalt overlay of a crosswind runway at Kansas City International Airport not only reduced construction costs and runway downtime, but proved that only the first half of a planned two stage project was necessary. The design, construction, testing and evaluation procedures are described. A summary of the economic analysis and testing costs of the process are also described.
Studies of the aggregation of mutant proteins <i>in vitro</i> provide insights into the genetics of amyloid diseases (2002)

Protein aggregation and the formation of highly insoluble amyloid structures is associated with a range of debilitating human conditions, which include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Muscle acylphosphatase (AcP) has already provided significant insights into mutational changes that modulate amyloid formation. In the present paper, we have used this system to investigate the effects of mutations that modify the charge state of a protein without affecting significantly the hydrophobicity or secondary structural propensities of the polypeptide chain. A highly significant inverse correlation was found to exist between the rates of aggregation of the protein variants under denaturing conditions and their overall net charge. This result indicates that aggregation is generally favored by mutations that bring the net charge of the protein closer to neutrality. In light of this finding, we have analyzed natural mutations associated with familial forms of amyloid diseases that involve alteration of the net charge of the proteins or protein fragments associated with the diseases. Sixteen mutations have been identified for which the mechanism of action that causes the pathological condition is not yet known or fully understood. Remarkably, 14 of these 16 mutations cause the net charge of the corresponding peptide or protein that converts into amyloid deposits to be reduced. This result suggests that charge has been a key parameter in molecular evolution to ensure the avoidance of protein aggregation and identifies reduction of the net charge as an important determinant in at least some forms of protein deposition diseases.
A New Approach to Enhance Performance of OFDM using BCH and Newly Designed Filter (2014)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier communication technique and it has capability to rise above the frequency-selective fading problem, which is common in wireless broadband communications. This has made it popular since last few years. The OFDM system suffers from a number of drawbacks such as the high peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR). Many PAPR reduction techniques used either destroy the system performance, which is the clipping technique or increases the overall complexity of the system, such as the selective mapping (SLM). In this paper a unique approach has been proposed to obtain a new code from the existing codes in order to reduce the bit error rate (BER), to mitigate the gap between the performance and Shannon limit while the bounded peak average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM symbol is guaranteed. A new code based on the BCH with a Barthannwin Wave Filter has been proposed to achieve the desired results.
Beyond Social Graphs (2012)

Social networks are popular platforms for interaction, communication, and collaboration between friends. Researchers have recently proposed an emerging class of applications that leverage relationships from social networks to improve security and performance in applications such as email, Web browsing, and overlay routing. While these applications often cite social network connectivity statistics to support their designs, researchers in psychology and sociology have repeatedly cast doubt on the practice of inferring meaningful relationships from social network connections alone. This leads to the question: “Are social links valid indicators of real user interaction? If not, then how can we quantify these factors to form a more accurate model for evaluating socially enhanced applications?” In this article, we address this question through a detailed study of user interactions in the Facebook social network. We propose the use of “interaction graphs” to impart meaning to online social links by quantifying user interactions. We analyze interaction graphs derived from Facebook user traces and show that they exhibit significantly lower levels of the “small-world” properties present in their social graph counterparts. This means that these graphs have fewer “supernodes” with extremely high degree, and overall graph diameter increases significantly as a result. To quantify the impact of our observations, we use both types of graphs to validate several well-known social-based applications that rely on graph properties to infuse new functionality into Internet applications, including Reliable Email (RE), SybilGuard, and the weighted cascade influence maximization algorithm. The results reveal new insights into each of these systems, and confirm our hypothesis that to obtain realistic and accurate results, ongoing research on social network applications studies of social applications should use real indicators of user interactions in lieu of social graphs.
Magnetically Aligned Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive for Microwave Applications (2008)

Randomly dispersed particles in a material can be forced to align due to the presence of an externally applied field. These self-aligning materials are examples through which order is obtained through structure created internally which alters the bulk properties of the material. One such material is a magnetically aligned anisotropic conductive adhesive which uses the alignment of ferromagnetic particles in order to create current flow in only one direction. This paper discusses microwave application of such a material. We demonstrate that the magnetically aligned <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> -axis anisotropic conductive adhesive works at microwave frequencies interconnecting silicon substrates through 90 GHz. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> -axis material is found to be a suitable replacement for solder bumping even at high frequencies of operation. The effect of material composition and the radio frequency design is discussed in this paper. Finally, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> -axis anisotropic conductive adhesive is found to be a suitable cost-effective replacement for solder bumps at high frequencies.
Design and evaluation of a grid reciprocation scheme for use in digital breast tomosynthesis (2016)

This work describes a methodology for efficient removal of scatter radiation during digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The goal of this approach is to enable grid image obscuration without a large increase in radiation dose by minimizing misalignment of the grid focal point (GFP) and x-ray focal spot (XFS) during grid reciprocation. Hardware for the motion scheme was built and tested on the dual modality breast tomosynthesis (DMT) scanner, which combines DBT and molecular breast tomosynthesis (MBT) on a single gantry. The DMT scanner uses fully isocentric rotation of tube and x-ray detector for maintaining a fixed tube-detector alignment during DBT imaging. A cellular focused copper prototype grid with 80 cm focal length, 3.85 mm height, 0.1 mm thick lamellae, and 1.1 mm hole pitch was tested. Primary transmission of the grid at 28 kV tube voltage was on average 74% with the grid stationary and aligned for maximum transmission. It fell to 72% during grid reciprocation by the proposed method. Residual grid line artifacts (GLAs) in projection views and reconstructed DBT images are characterized and methods for reducing the visibility of GLAs in the reconstructed volume through projection image flat-field correction and spatial frequency-based filtering of the DBT slices are described and evaluated. The software correction methods reduce the visibility of these artifacts in the reconstructed volume, making them imperceptible both in the reconstructed DBT images and their Fourier transforms.
Harpin, An Elicitor of the Hypersensitive Response in Tobacco Caused by Erwinia amylovora, Elicits Active Oxygen Production in Suspension Cells (1993)

Active oxygen (AO) production and a K+/H+ exchange response (XR) are two concurrent early events associated with incompatible plant-bacteria interactions that result in a hypersensitive response (HR). Recently, a protein, termed harpin, produced by Erwinia amylovora has been reported to be the elicitor responsible for the HR caused by this pathogen. Although both the bacterium and harpin are reported to induce XR in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspensions, there have been no reports regarding the concurrent production of AO in this system. Here we report that E. amylovora stimulates the AO response, whereas an E. amylovora mutant that does not produce harpin does not elicit the AO response. In addition, a cell-free preparation of harpin induces AO production. This study indicates that harpin may be the bacterial elicitor of the XR and AO responses during the development of E. amylovora-induced HR.
Thermoplastic Starch: A Green Material for Various Industries (2009)

Preface BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND THEIR PRACTICAL UTILITY Natural Polymers Polymers with Hydrolyzable Backbones Polymers with Carbon Backbones Practical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers BLENDS OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS Introduction Starch in Blends with Polymers Mechanical Properties of Starch/Polymer Blends Compatibilizers Conclusions BIODEGRADABILITY AND COMPOSTABILITY OF BIOPOLYMERS Definitions and Norms Biodegradability of Starch-Based Products Biodegradability of Polyesters Photo-Biodegradable Plastics Controlled Degradation Additive Masterbatches Methods of Biodegradability Measurement Environmental Aspects of Biopolymers TPS AND ITS NATURE Structure and Properties Glass Transition Temperature Mechanical Properties of Granulates Conclusions THE MELTING PROCESS IN THERMOPLASTIC STARCHES Introduction Melting Process Influence of Plasticizers on Melting Behavior of Starch Conclusions EXTRUDERS Introduction Single-Screw Extruders Pin Extruders Closely Intermeshing Twin-Screw Extruders Self-Wiping Twin-Screw Extruders Non-Intermeshing Twin-Screw Extruders Influence of Low-Viscosity Monomeric Feed The Mathematic of Extrusion Concluding Remarks EXTRUSION-COOKING OF TPS Process Stability Specific Mechanical Energy Conclusions INFLUENCE OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TPS Plasticizers Extrusion of Thermoplastic Starch Test Methods Glass Transition Temperature Tensile Strength Impact Strength Shrinkage Conclusion TPS FILM-BLOWING Mechanical Properties of Films Concluding Remarks INJECTION-MOLDING Screw Injection Molding Injection-Molding Parameters Injection Technology Use and Development Trends Reinforced Injection-Molding Application of Natural Fibers in Processing of Biopolymers Chemical Modification of Fibers INFLUENCE OF ADDITION OF FIBER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TPS MOLDINGS Theory of Reinforcements Experimental Data on Fiber-Reinforced TPS Critical Fiber Length Mechanical Properties Conclusions STORAGE AND BIODEGRADABILITY OF TPS MOLDINGS The Influence of Low Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of TPS Moldings Evaluation of Biodegradability of TPS Moldings Concluding Remarks SCALING-UP OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH EXTRUSION Introduction Basic Analysis Summary of Equations Used Kinematic Similarity Geometrical Similarity Motor Power and Torque Equal Average End Temperature Similar Temperature Profiles Similarity in Residence Times Guidelines for Scaling
Thermal Coherence Tomography Using Match Filter Binary Phase Coded Diffusion Waves (2011)

Energy transport in diffusion-wave fields is gradient-driven and therefore diffuse, yielding depth-integrated responses with poor axial resolution. Using matched-filter principles, we propose a methodology enabling these parabolic diffusion-wave energy fields to exhibit energy localization akin to propagating hyperbolic wave fields. This not only improves axial resolution but also allows for deconvolution of individual responses of superposed axially discrete sources, opening a new field of depth-resolved subsurface thermal coherence tomography using diffusion waves.
Research for the remote design of hydraulic system Web-based (2002)

This paper presents the principle, method, significance, structure, and main performance of the remote design of hydraulic systen Web based, with emphasis on the description of the deduce principle and the knowledge expression of remote Engineering Expert System, the module design of system, and the soft design of system COM based.
A simple medium for rapid regeneration of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts transformed with plasmid DNA (1987)

A sucrose-based simple medium (c-R5) is described on which protoplasts prepared from Bacillus subtilis are able to revert rapidly to bacillary forms. Transformations of B. subtilis protoplasts were performed using polyethylene glycol and various plasmid DNAs, followed by regeneration of the protoplasts on c-R5 medium. Regenerated bacteria were easily detectable on selective c-R5 medium after only 16 h of incubation at 37°C. This medium can be used for direct selection of various antibiotic-resistance markers. In addition, the c-R5 medium can be simplified to make it chemically defined, allowing the selection of prototrophs.
Terahertz bound-to-continuum quantum-cascade lasers based on optical-phonon scattering extraction (2005)

A design for a terahertz quantum-cascade laser emitting at λ≃82μm is presented. A bound-to-continuum active region is coupled to an optical phonon extraction stage in order to improve the population inversion at high temperatures. Device performances in a double-metal waveguide reach 116K in pulsed operation and 53K in continuous wave. A detailed characterization of two waveguide configurations is also presented together with a comparison with previous bound-to-continuum design.
Colony formation in vitro by leukemic cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (1978)

An assay system in vitro for the growth of malignant lymphoblastic colony-forming cells (CFC) was established. Growth of malignant myeloblastic CFC has been previously reported, but this is the first report of growth of malignant lymphoblastic CFC. Established assay systems in vitro have been very helpful in elucidating the control of growth and differentiation of both normal and malignant bone marrow cells. Lymphoblastic CFC were grown from the bone marrow aspirates of 20 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Growth of these colonies was established on an agar assay system and maintained in the relative hypoxia (7% oxygen) of a Stulberg chamber. The criteria for malignancy of these colonies was based upon cellular cytochemical staining characteristics, the presence of specific cell surface markers, and the ability of these lymphoid cells to grow without the addition of a lymphoid mitogen. With this technique, specific nutritional requirements and drug sensitivities can be established in vitro, and these data may permit tailoring of individual antileukemic therapy.