gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum interference on graphs controlled by an external electric field (1988)

The authors consider the motion of a charged quantum particle on a loop with two external leads which is placed into an electrostatic field. The loop Hamiltonian is chosen in the simplest possible way; in order to join it to the free Hamiltonians describing the leads, they employ a method based on self-adjoint extensions. Under a symmetry requirement, the resulting full Hamiltonian contains four free parameters; each junction is characterised by a pair of them. The system under consideration represents a model of metallic or semiconductor structure that can be fabricated by presently available technologies. Assuming the ballistic regime for electrons in such a structure, the authors calculate the resistance dependence on intensity of the external field. The results suggest the possibility of constructing quantum interference transistors whose size and switching voltage would be much smaller than in current microchips.
Immunization of Mice with Urease Vaccine Affords Protection against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in the Absence of Antibodies and Is Mediated by MHC Class II–restricted Responses (1998)

We examined the roles of cell- and antibody-mediated immunity in urease vaccine-induced protection against Helicobacter pylori infection. Normal and knockout mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, or B cell responses were mucosally immunized with urease plus Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), or parenterally immunized with urease plus aluminum hydroxide or a glycolipid adjuvant, challenged with H. pylori strain X47-2AL, and H. pylori organisms and leukocyte infiltration in the gastric mucosa quantified. In an adjuvant/route study in normal mice, there was a direct correlation between the level of protection and the density of T cells recruited to the gastric mucosa. In knockout studies, oral immunization with urease plus LT protected MHC class I knockout mice [beta2-microglobulin (-/-)] but not MHC class II knockout mice [I-Ab (-/-)]. In B cell knockout mice [microMT (-/-)], vaccine-induced protection was equivalent to that observed in immunized wild-type (+/+) mice; no IgA+ cells were detected in the stomach, but levels of CD4(+) cells equivalent to those in the wild-type strain (+/+) were seen. These studies indicate that protection of mice against H. pylori infection by immunization with the urease antigen is dependent on MHC class II-restricted, cell-mediated mechanisms, and antibody responses to urease are not required for protection.
Carboxylation as an initial reaction in the anaerobic metabolism of naphthalene and phenanthrene by sulfidogenic consortia (1997)

The anaerobic biodegradation of naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) was investigated by using sediment collected from the Arthur Kill in New York/New Jersey harbor. The initial cultures were composed of 10% sediment and 90% mineral medium containing 20 mM sulfate. Complete loss of NAP and PHE (150 to 200 muM) was observed after 150 days of incubation. Upon refeeding, NAP and PHE were utilized within 14 days. The utilization of both compounds was inhibited in the presence of 20 mM molybdate. [14C]NAP and [14C]PHE were mineralized to 14CO2. The activities could be maintained and propagated by subculturing in mineral medium. In the presence of halogenated analogs, 2-naphthoate was detected in NAP-utilizing enrichments. The mass spectrum of the derivatized 2-napththoate from the enrichment supplemented with both [13C]bicarbonate and NAP indicates the incorporation of 13CO2 into NAP. In the PHE-utilizing enrichment, a metabolite was detected by both high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The molecular ion and fragmentation pattern of its mass spectrum indicate that it was phenanthrenecarboxylic acid. The results obtained with [13C] bicarbonate indicate that 13CO2 was incorporated into PHE. It appears, therefore, that carboxylation is an initial key reaction for the anaerobic metabolism and NAP and PHE. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence for intermediates of PAH degradation under anaerobic conditions.
Quantum search algorithms (2005)

We review some of quantum algorithms for search problems: Grover's search algorithm, its generalization to amplitude amplification, the applications of amplitude amplification to various problems and the recent quantum algorithms based on quantum walks.
Effect of Different Hole Transport Materials on Recombination in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells (2013)

We report on perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3-sensitized solid-state solar cells using spiro-OMeTAD, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH) as hole transport materials (HTMs) with a light to electricity power conversion efficiency of 8.5%, 4.5%, and 1.6%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination of 1000 W/m(2) intensity. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIA) shows that hole transfer occurs from the (CH3NH3)PbI3 to HTMs after excitation of (CH3NH3)PbI3. The electron lifetime (τe) in these devices are in the order Spiro-OMeTAD > P3HT > DEH, while the charge transport time (ttr) is rather similar. The difference in τe can therefore explain the lower efficiency of the devices based on P3HT and DEH. This report shows that the nature of the HTM is essential for charge recombination and elucidates that finding an optimal HTM for the perovskite solar cell includes controlling the perovskite/HTM interaction. Design routes for new HTMs are suggested.
Synthesis of imidazolidinediones and oxazolidinediones from cyclization of propargylureas and propargyl carbamates (1979)

A synthetic procedure for the preparation of imidazolidinediones by the base-catalyzed cyclization of propargylureas is described. This method appears to be the most versatile way of obtaining these compounds containing tertiary groups substituted on ring-nitrogen number 3. One of these derivatives, 3-tert-butyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione (1a), has shown a moderate level of subcutaneous metrazole seizure threshold activity (scMet indicates potential for control of petit mal epileptic seizures) in control screens on mice, as determined by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke.
MHDFS: A Memory-Based Hadoop Framework for Large Data Storage (2016)

Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) is undoubtedly the most popular framework for storing and processing large amount of data on clusters of machines. Although a plethora of practices have been proposed for improving the processing efficiency and resource utilization, traditional HDFS still suffers from the overhead of disk-based low throughput and I/O rate. In this paper, we attempt to address this problem by developing a memory-based Hadoop framework called MHDFS. Firstly, a strategy for allocating and configuring reasonable memory resources for MHDFS is designed and RAMFS is utilized to develop the framework. Then, we propose a new method to handle the data replacement to disk when memory resource is excessively occupied. An algorithm for estimating and updating the replacement is designed based on the metrics of file heat. Finally, substantial experiments are conducted which demonstrate the effectiveness of MHDFS and its advantage against conventional HDFS.
Narrow-bandwidth picosecond pulses by spectral compression of femtosecond pulses in second-order nonlinear crystals (2007)

We introduce a simple approach for the efficient generation of tunable narrow-bandwidth picosecond pulses synchronized to broadband femtosecond ones. Second harmonic generation in the presence of large group velocity mismatch between the interacting pulses transfers a large fraction of the energy of a broadband fundamental frequency pulse into a narrowband second harmonic one. Using a periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystal coupled to an infrared optical parametric amplifier, we generated 200-nJ pulses with spectral width lower than 8.5 cm(-1) and tunability from 720 to 890 nm. Energy scaling and extension of the tuning range are straightforward.
Chitosan-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles on Patterned Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces (2006)

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles on surfaces has been accomplished by the incubation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films in tetrachloroauric(III) acid and chitosan solution at room temperature and 4 degrees C. One important point in the present study is that the synthesis selectively occurred on the PDMS surface. These observations are substantially different from the reaction in solution, in which no particles can be formed at room temperature. Computation of surface plasmon bands (SPBs) based on Mie theory suggests that the particles are partially coated by chitosan molecules, and the experimental results confirm the theoretical calculations. The proposed mechanism is that chitosan molecules adsorbed or printed on the PDMS surfaces act as reducing/stabilizing agents. Furthermore, PDMS films patterned with chitosan could induce localized synthesis of gold nanoparticles in regions capped with chitosan only. In this way, colloidal patterns were fabricated on the surfaces with high spatial selectivity simultaneously with the synthesis of the particles. Surface-induced fluorescence quenching was observed in the regions capped with gold nanoparticles as well.
Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: epidemiology and management (2010)

The optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii nosocomial infections has not been established. Carbapenems are the mainstay of treatment in susceptible isolates. Colistin and tigecycline retain good in-vitro activity and in many cases represent the only therapeutic options.
Semiconductor-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 conversion (2012)

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted much attention in recent years because of its potential for solving energy and environmental problems that we are now facing. Among many photocatalytic reactions, the splitting of H(2)O into H(2) and O(2) and the reduction of CO(2) with H(2)O into organic compounds such as CH(4) and CH(3)OH are two of the most important and challenging reactions. Many studies have been devoted to designing and preparing novel photocatalytic materials for these two reactions. This article highlights recent advances in developing semiconductor-based nanocomposite photocatalysts for the production of H(2) and the reduction of CO(2). The systems of semiconductor-cocatalyst, semiconductor-carbon (carbon nanotube or graphene) and semiconductor-semiconductor nanocomposites have mainly been described. It has been demonstrated that the design and preparation of nanocomposites with proper structures can facilitate charge separation/migration and decrease the charge recombination probability, thus promoting the photocatalytic activity. Keeping the reduction and oxidation processes in different regions in the nanocomposite may also enhance the photocatalytic efficiency and stability. The location and size of cocatalysts, the interfacial contact between semiconductor and carbon materials, and the heterojunctions between different semiconductors together with the suitable alignment of band edges of semiconductors are key factors determining the photocatalytic behaviours of the nanocomposite catalysts.
Mechanism of inhibition of protein glycosylation by the antiviral sugar analog 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose: inhibition of synthesis of Man(GlcNAc)2-PP-Dol by the guanosine diphosphate ester (1985)

2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose (2FMan), an antiviral mannose analogue, inhibited the dolichol cycle of protein glycosylation. To specifically inhibit oligosaccharide-lipid synthesis, and not (viral) protein synthesis in influenza virus infected cells, the addition of guanosine to the 2FMan-treated cells was required. Under these conditions an early step in the assembly of the oligosaccharide-lipid was inhibited, and as a consequence, the glycosylation of proteins was strongly inhibited. Low-molecular-weight, lipid-linked oligosaccharides accumulated in cells treated with 2FMan plus guanosine, although dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) and GDP-Man were still present in the treated cells, and membranes from these cells were not defective in assembly of lipid-linked oligosaccharides. Thus, the presence of a soluble inhibitor of oligosaccharide-lipid assembly in these cells was postulated, and GDP-2FMan and UDP-2FMan, two metabolites found in 2FMan-treated cells, were synthesized and used to study in cell-free systems the inhibition of oligosaccharide-lipid assembly. GDP-2FMan inhibited the synthesis of Man(GlcNAc)2-PP-Dol from (GlcNAc)2-PP-Dol and GDP-Man, and in addition, it caused a trapping of Dol-P as 2FMan-P-Dol, whereas UDP-2FMan only inhibited Glc-P-Dol synthesis. However, it is probable that neither trapping of Dol-P nor inhibition of Glc-P-Dol synthesis by UDP-2FMan contributed to inhibition of protein glycosylation in cells treated with 2FMan. Incorporation of 2FMan from GDP-2FMan or UDP-2FMan into dolichol diphosphate linked oligosaccharides and interference of GDP-2FMan with the latter steps of assembly of the dolichol diphosphate linked oligosaccharide could not be shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lysis of Halobacteria in Bacto-Peptone by Bile Acids (1988)

All tested strains of halophilic archaebacteria of the genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, and Natronobacterium lysed in 1% Bacto-Peptone (Difco) containing 25% NaCl, whereas no lysis was observed with other strains belonging to archaebacteria of the genera Halococcus, Natronococcus, and Sulfolobus, methanogenic bacteria, and moderately halophilic eubacteria. Substances in Bacto-Peptone which caused lysis of halobacteria were purified and identified as taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of peptones revealed that Bacto-Peptone contained nine different bile acids, with a total content of 9.53 mg/g, whereas much lower amounts were found in Peptone Bacteriological Technical (Difco) and Oxoid Peptone. Different kinds of peptones can be used to distinguish halophilic eubacteria and archaebacteria in mixed cultures from hypersaline environments.
Alzheimer's Disease: cholesterol, membrane rafts, isoprenoids and statins (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid-? plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss, and clinically by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities. At present, the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying the disease are unclear and no treatment for AD is known. Epidemiological evidence continues to mount linking vascular diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia with an increased risk for developing AD. A growing amount of evidence suggests a mechanistic link between cholesterol metabolism in the brain and the formation of amyloid plaques in AD development. Cholesterol and statins clearly modulate ?-amyloid precursor protein (?APP) processing in cell culture and animal models. Statins not only reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis but also exert other various pleiotrophic effects, such as the reduction in protein isoprenylation. Through these effects statins modulate a variety of cellular functions involving both cholesterol (and membrane rafts) and isoprenylation. Although clearly other factors, such as vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and genetic factors, are intimately linked with the progression of AD, this review focuses on the present research findings describing the effect of cholesterol, membrane rafts and isoprenylation in regulating ?APP processing and in particular ?-secretase complex assembly and function and AD progression, along with consideration for the potential role statins may play in modulating these events.
Parasitophorous vacuoles of <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> acquire macromolecules from the host cell cytosol via two independent routes (1999)

The intracellular parasite Leishmania survives and proliferates in host macrophages. In this study we show that parasitophorous vacuoles of L. mexicana gain access to cytosolic material via two different routes. (1) Small anionic molecules such as Lucifer Yellow are rapidly transported into the vacuoles by an active transport mechanism that is sensitive to inhibitors of the host cell's organic anion transporter. (2) Larger molecules such as fluorescent dextrans introduced into the host cell cytosol are also delivered to parasitophorous vacuoles. This transport is slower and sensitive to modulators of autophagy. Infected macrophages were examined by two novel assays to visualize and quantify this process. Immunoelectron microscopy of cells loaded with digoxigenin-dextran revealed label in multivesicular endosomes, which appeared to fuse with parasitophorous vacuoles. The inner membranes of the multivesicular vesicles label strongly with antibodies against lysobisphosphatidic acid, suggesting that they represent a point of confluence between the endosomal and autophagosomal pathways. Although the rate of autophagous transfer was comparable in infected and uninfected cells, infected cells retained hydrolyzed cysteine proteinase substrate to a greater degree. These data suggest that L. mexicana-containing vacuoles have access to potential nutrients in the host cell cytosol via at least two independent mechanisms.
Can children with autistic spectrum disorders perceive affect in music? An experimental investigation (1999)

In contrast to their performance within social and interpersonal domains, children with autistic disorders showed no deficits in processing affect in musical stimuli.
Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibits Dendritic Cell Maturation via Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Mitogen Stress-activated Kinase 1 (MSK1) Signaling (2012)

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective novel treatment for multiple sclerosis in clinical trials. A reduction of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells is observed in DMF-treated patients and may contribute to its clinical efficacy. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this clinical observation are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DMF on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and subsequent DC-mediated T cell responses. We show that DMF inhibits DC maturation by reducing inflammatory cytokine production (IL-12 and IL-6) and the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. Importantly, this immature DC phenotype generated fewer activated T cells that were characterized by decreased IFN-γ and IL-17 production. Further molecular studies demonstrated that DMF impaired nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via reduced p65 nuclear translocalization and phosphorylation. NF-κB signaling was further decreased by DMF-mediated suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and its downstream kinase mitogen stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1). MSK1 suppression resulted in decreased p65 phosphorylation at serine 276 and reduced histone phosphorylation at serine 10. As a consequence, DMF appears to reduce p65 transcriptional activity both directly and indirectly by promoting a silent chromatin environment. Finally, treatment of DCs with the MSK1 inhibitor H89 partially mimicked the effects of DMF on the DC signaling pathway and impaired DC maturation. Taken together, these studies indicate that by suppression of both NF-κB and ERK1/2-MSK1 signaling, DMF inhibits maturation of DCs and subsequently Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation.
The Effect of Ion Implantation on Oxide Charge Storage in MOS Devices (1975)

Measurements are reported in which the charge stored in the oxide of an MOS device exposed to ionizing radiation is studied as a function of oxide pretreatment. Implantation with Al+ ions is found to introduce electron traps into the oxide and the stability of these traps is examined in thermal annealing experiments. The predictions of a simple model, in which the implantation associated displacement damage is considered to be the source of the additional electron traps, is compared to the experimental observations.
GM1 ganglioside improves dopaminergic markers of rat mesencephalic cultures treated with MPP+ (1993)

Rat embryonic mesencephalic cultures were employed to evaluate the consequences of adding GM1 ganglioside to cultures lesioned with the selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). MPP+ reduced dopamine and DOPAC content, dopamine uptake, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity, and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive neurons. The immunopositive neurons that remained were aberrant. All of these parameters were partially restored by adding GM1 ganglioside to the cultures. The response to GM1 was not altered by prior treatment of the cultures with cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside to reduce the number of glial cells. Dopamine uptake activity restored by GM1 was lost if GM1 was removed from the culture.
Growing low-temperature, high-quality silicon-dioxide films by neutral-beam enhanced atomic-layer deposition (2019)

Abstract A novel deposition technique, called ‘neutral-beam enhanced atomic-layer deposition’ (NB-EALD), was successfully used to form a high-quality SiO 2 layer by using a precursor (BDEAS) and an oxygen neutral beam at room temperature (30 °C). The results demonstrate a typical ALD process and good thickness control at angstrom level. It was found that the properties of the NBEALD-formed SiO 2 film (namely, chemical composition, surface roughness, uniformity, density, and wet etch rate) were almost equivalent to those of thermal SiO 2 . It is concluded from this result that NBEALD is a promising candidate for high-quality and low-temperature ALD instead of plasma-enhanced ALD and thermal ALD.
Propagation of uncertainty associated with towed streamer EM system data acquired 2012 into a 3D-inversion model (2013)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013Propagation of uncertainty associated with towed streamer EM system data acquired 2012 into a 3D-inversion modelAuthors: M. EnstedtJ. SkogmanJ. MattssonM. EnstedtPGS, J. SkogmanPGS, and J. MattssonPGShttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0860.1 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract This paper considers data acquired with the newly developed Towed Streamer EM System over The Troll West Oil Province in October 2012. We study how the uncertainties within the data propagate into the estimated 3D resistivity model obtained from inversion. This provides us with associated statistics that is useful in the evaluation of the reliability of the resistivity model. This approach also provides us with the possibility for further improvements of the 3D inversion result and the complete workflow. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0860.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2013 Pages: 5258 Publisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 19 Aug 2013 CITATION INFORMATION M. Enstedt, J. Skogman, and J. Mattsson, (2013), "Propagation of uncertainty associated with towed streamer EM system data acquired 2012 into a 3D-inversion model," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 795-799. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0860.1 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...