gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-Rich Pyrroloindacenodithiophenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Studies (2012)

N-Alkyl substituted pyrroloindacenodithiophene (PIDT) and their phenyl substituted derivatives were synthesized. Their single-crystal structures and electrochemical and spectroscopic properties were investigated. Experimental results showed PIDT displayed strong electron-donating properties, reversible redox behaviors, and strong fluorescence and could be controlled to oxidize to radical cation and dication with distinctive optical changes. These attractive properties demonstrated the potential applications of PIDT in the field of switches, molecular machines, and information memories.
Three open-label studies of oral interferon alpha in the treatment of HIV disease. (1994)

Three open-label studies were conducted in which natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha) was given orally to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients at a daily dosage of 150 IU for 12 months in an attempt to assess the effects of this treatment on their CD4+ cell counts. In the first study, 110 patients received nHuIFN-alpha, and 142 patients received nHuIFN-alpha and azidothymidine (AZT). At 12 months, patients given nHuIFN-alpha alone had a mean increase of 14% in their CD4+ counts, although the mean increase in absolute CD4+ count was similar between the groups. Blacks in this study were more likely to experience an increase in CD4+ count than other ethnic groups (P < 0.001). In the second study, 40 black, male homosexuals with CD4+ count between 350 and 500/mm3 were enrolled in groups of 10 to receive either nHuIFN-alpha or AZT, or both nHuIFN-alpha and AZT, or nothing (untreated controls). At 12 months, the mean CD4+ counts of the patients in the group given nHuIFN-alpha alone were significantly higher than the mean CD4+ counts in both the group given AZT alone and the untreated controls (P < 0.01). In the third study, 38 patients with CD4+ cell counts > 700/mm3 were enrolled in groups of 19, matched by gender and ethnic group, to receive nHuIFN-alpha or nothing (untreated controls). Patients given nHuIFN-alpha experienced a mean increase of 12% in their CD4+ counts by the end of the 12-month study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
pH regulation of divalent/monovalent Ca/K cation transport selectivity by a macrocyclic carrier molecule. (1983)

The lipophilic dicarboxylic acid-dicarboxamide macrocycle 1 is an efficient carrier for calcium and potassium transport through a liquid membrane. The process involves competitive Ca2+/K+ symport coupled to proton antiport in a pH gradient. It presents a very pronounced phenomenon of pH regulation of transport selectivity from preferential K+ transport to preferential Ca2+ transport as the pH increases from 2 to 9 in the starting aqueous phase containing the metal ions. The results demonstrate how carrier design allows control of the rate and selectivity of divalent/monovalent M2+/M+ cation transport.
Oscillator phase noise reduction using self-injection locked and phase locked loop (SILPLL) (2014)

Experimental result of phase noise reduction are presented for microwave oscillators. Both self-injection locking (IL) and self-phase locking (PLL) are combined to provide forced stable oscillation using self-ILPLL (SILPLL) for the first time. Analytical prediction for optimum performance of self-ILPLL is provided reaching unprecedented levels of −148dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset carrier for X-band oscillator.
Shaping Policy: The Canadian Cancer Society and the Hormone Receptor Testing Inquiry (2011)

The success of the CCS-NL knowledge transfer efforts stemmed from its reputation as an advocate for cancer patients and its long-standing relationship with researchers, especially at the local level. The case illustrates real-world application of knowledge transfer practices in the development of public policy, and describes how community-based non-government organizations can identify and draw attention to important issues that otherwise might not have been addressed.
The mechanism of oxidative degradation of ABS resin. Part I. The mechanism of thermooxidative degradation (1968)

Abstract In this work the early stages of the thermal oxidation of ABS resin films for commercial utilization and purified samples were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy. The film samples were submitted to thermal oxidation in a Gear oven at 70–90°C. During the aging in the Gear oven the nitrile and phenyl absorbance did not change, but oxidative products containing hydroxyl or carbonyl groups were produced rapidly, and the butadiene content decreased gradually. Two parts of the oxidative reaction were easily distinguished by analysis of the degradation procedure in the differential method and in the half‐time method. An activation energy of 10 kcal./mole or less was obtained for the initiation process, involving mainly the formation of hydroperoxides induced by radical formation, which was apparent in the commercial samples, whereas a value of 10–20 kcal./mole was obtained for the subsequent process, initiated by the decomposition of the hydroperoxides, which induces chain‐carrier reactions. A reaction scheme is proposed, and kinetic expressions are developed therefrom. These expressions explain the experimental results very well.
A silicon microseismometer for Mars (2013)

The design, fabrication and testing of a microseismometer for the InSight mission to Mars and described. Particular challenges include accommodation of Martian gravity while allowing testing on Earth and surviving the 2000g shock profile of the mission while maintaining a nano-g sensitivity.
A novel dual-fed, self-diplexing PIFA and RF front-end (PIN-DF/sup 2/-PIFA) (2004)

The concept of using a dual-fed, self-diplexing PIFA with a highly optimized RF front-end has been analyzed. The feed structure is arranged to provide both diplexing action and impedance broadbanding in the best technology available in a mobile phone - the technology currently used to fabricate the antenna. The measured average total efficiency (including the effects of mismatch) of the design presented, including the antenna, diplexing and transmit/receive switching, is 81% at the GSM band and 72% at the DCS band. The return loss is particularly good in the transmit bands at less than -16 dB in the GSM band and -11 dB in the DCS band. This is expected to yield further efficiency improvements in the subsequent RF circuitry of a phone. Improved performance can be traded for either bandwidth or antenna size. The bandwidth can be approximately doubled using this technique (for a return loss of -6 dB) with a small loss of average efficiency. This loss of efficiency is more than recovered by the highly efficient diplexing action of the antenna in combination with the out-of-band impedance presented by SAW filters. Alternatively, the antenna may be reduced in size by a factor of approximately two.
Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX (2008)

CD8(+) cytotoxic and CD4(+) helper/inducer T cells develop from common thymocyte precursors that express both CD4 and CD8 molecules. Upon T cell receptor signaling, these cells initiate a differentiation program that includes complex changes in CD4 and CD8 expression, allowing identification of transitional intermediates in this developmental pathway. Little is known about regulation of these early transitions or their specific importance to CD4 and CD8 T cell development. Here, we show a severe block at the CD4(lo)CD8(lo) transitional stage of positive selection caused by loss of the nuclear HMG box protein TOX. As a result, CD4 lineage T cells, including regulatory T and CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells, fail to develop. In contrast, functional CD8(+) T cells develop in TOX-deficient mice. Our data suggest that TOX-dependent transition to the CD4(+)CD8(lo) stage is required for continued development of class II major histocompatibility complex-specific T cells, regardless of ultimate lineage fate.
The Kidney and Hypertension: Causes and Treatment (2008)

Chronic kidney disease is both a cause and a consequence of hypertension. Extracellular volume expansion is an important, if not the most important, contributing factor to hypertension seen in chronic kidney disease. Beyond volume expansion, chronic kidney disease-related hypertension is without truly defining characteristics. Consequently, the sequencing of antihypertensive medications for the patient with chronic kidney disease and hypertension becomes arbitrary. Prescription practice in such patients should be mindful of the need for multiple drug classes with at least one of them being a diuretic. Blood pressure goals in the patient with chronic kidney disease and hypertension are set at lower levels than those for patients with essential hypertension alone. It remains to be determined to what level blood pressure should be lowered in the patient with chronic kidney disease, however.
Observation of audio-frequency edge magnetoplasmons in the classical two-dimensional electron gas (1991)

The electric admittance of a two-dimensional electron gas on liquid helium measured at audio frequencies \ensuremath{\omega} is observed to oscillate as a function of magnetic field at strong magnetic fields. The oscillations can be attributed to the propagation of very-low-frequency (\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$, \ensuremath{\tau} scattering time; \ensuremath{\omega}/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ cyclotron frequency) edge magnetoplasmons. The directly determined dispersion relation agrees with theory and quantitatively with measurements in the collisionless regime (\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gg}1). The attenuation, theoretically obtained by incorporating the screening in a simple local-capacitance model, agrees well with experiments.
Recognizing faces in broadcast video (2003)

Face recognition has recently attracted increasing attention and is beginning to be applied in a variety of domains, predominantly for security, but also for video indexing. This paper describes the application of a face recognition system to video indexing, with the joint purpose of labelling faces in the video, and identifying speakers. The face recognition system can be used to supplement acoustic speaker identification, when the speaker's face is shown, to allow indexing of the speakers, as well as the selection of the correct speaker-dependent model for speech transcription. This paper describes the feature detection and recognition methods used by the system, and describes a new method of aggregating multiple Gabor jet representations for a whole sequence. Several approaches to using such aggregate representation for recognition of faces in image sequences are compared. Results are presented showing a significant improvement in recognition rates when the the whole sequence is used instead of a single image of the face.
Reaction of sulphides with acyl nitrates; a simple and rapid method for preparing sulphoxides (1976)

Sulphides react rapidly with acyl nitrates, even at –76 °C, to give sulphoxides in high yield with no sulphone formation; either acetyl nitrate, formed from acetic anhydride and concentrated nitric acid, or, for milder conditions, benzoyl nitrate, formed from benzoyl chloride and silver nitrate, give satisfactory results.
Persistence of Immune Responses With an Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Single-Dose Vaccine, JENVAC and Interchangeability With a Live-Attenuated Vaccine (2019)

A single-dose vaccination with JENVAC induces protective titers that persist up to 1 year. We report appreciable interchangeability between both vaccines, with JENVAC/JENVAC combination exhibiting the highest immune response. JENVAC is now licensed as a single-dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
Robustness of deep autoencoder in intrusion detection under adversarial contamination (2018)

The existing state-of-the-art in the field of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) generally involves some use of machine learning algorithms. However, the computer security community is growing increasingly aware that a sophisticated adversary could target the learning module of these IDSs in order to circumvent future detections. Consequently, going forward, robustness of machine-learning based IDSs against adversarial manipulation (i.e., poisoning) will be the key factor for the overall success of these systems in the real world. In our work, we focus on adaptive IDSs that use anomaly-based detection to identify malicious activities in an information system. To be able to evaluate the susceptibility of these IDSs to deliberate adversarial poisoning, we have developed a novel framework for their performance testing under adversarial contamination. We have also studied the viability of using deep autoencoders in the detection of anomalies in adaptive IDSs, as well as their overall robustness against adversarial poisoning. Our experimental results show that our proposed autoencoder-based IDS outperforms a generic PCA-based counterpart by more than 15% in terms of detection accuracy. The obtained results concerning the detection ability of the deep autoencoder IDS under adversarial contamination, compared to that of the PCA-based IDS, are also encouraging, with the deep autoencoder IDS maintaining a more stable detection in parallel to limiting the contamination of its training dataset to just bellow 2%.
Correlation of Solubility and Prediction of the Mixing Properties of Ginsenoside Compound K in Various Solvents (2012)

The solubilities of ginsenoside compound K in pure solvents and binary mixture solvents were determined at several temperatures from 278.15 K to 318.15 K by a static analytical method. The experimental solubility data in pure solvents were correlated by the van’t Hoff plot, the modified Apelblat equation, the λh (Buchowski) equation, the Wilson model, and the NRTL model, with the Wilson model giving the best correlation results. Based on the Wilson model and experimental data, the mixing Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of solutions and activity coefficients in pure solvents were predicted, and other thermodynamic properties (infinite-dilution activity coefficients and excess enthalpies) were calculated as well. In addition, the solubility was maximal at a certain water mole fraction in acetone + water mixture and acetonitrile + water mixture, whereas in a methanol + water system, the solubility decreases as the water concentration increases monotonically. The solubilities in mixture solvents were correlated by the solvent components using the Wilson model. The partial molar Gibbs free energies with negative values were obtained, which indicates the changing of the solubility.
SAFE: Scalable Autonomous Fault-tolerant Ethernet (2009)

In this paper, we present a new fault-tolerant Ethernet scheme called SAFE (Scalable Autonomous Fault-tolerant Ethernet). SAFE scheme is based on software approach which takes place in layer 2 and layer 3 of the OSIRM. The goal of SAFE is to provide scalability, autonomous fault detection and recovery. SAFE divides a network into several subnets and limits the number of nodes in a subnet. Network can be extended by adding additional subnets. All nodes in a subnet automatically detect faults and perform fail-over by sending and receiving Ethernet based heartbeat each other. For inter-subnet fault recovery, SAFE manages master nodes in each subnet. Master nodes communicate each other using IP packets to exchange the subnet status. We also propose a master election algorithm to recover faults of master node automatically. Proposed SAFE performs efficiently for large scale network and provides fast and autonomous fault recovery.
A Contabilidade, o Novo Direito Empresarial e a Teoria Ultra Vires (2003)

O artigo apresenta a nova realidade em que se insere a Contabilidade, notadamente com a atualização da legislação, dada pela Lei 10.406/02, o Novo Código Civil, onde surge o desvelamento da teoria ultra vires. Algumas mudanças importantes surgem nesse cenário, envolvendo aspectos de contabilização e de responsabilidade dos responsáveis pela escrita contábil nas organizações. A exemplificação da interpretação dada e as referências a cada artigo da nova legislação estão explícitas no texto, que procura traduzir a mensagem deixada aos profissionais da área pelo legislador, nas entrelinhas do texto legal. A interpretação da teoria ultra vires, dentro do Novo Código Civil, pode auxiliar em muito o assessoramento contábil para os gestores das empresas.
Transient phosphorylation of tumor associated microtubule associated protein (TMAP)/cytoskeleton associated protein 2 (CKAP2) at Thr-596 during early phases of mitosis (2008)

Tumor associated microtubule associated protein (TMAP), also known as cytoskeleton associated protein 2 (CKAP2) is a mitotic spindle-associated protein whose expression is cell cycle-regulated and also frequently deregulated in cancer cells. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TMAP/CKAP2 were produced: B-1-13 and D-12-3. Interestingly, the reactivity of mAb D-12-3 to TMAP/CKAP2 was markedly decreased specifically in mitotic cell lysate. The epitope mapping study showed that mAb D-12-3 recognizes the amino acid sequence between 569 and 625 and that phosphorylation at T596 completely abolishes the reactivity of the antibody, suggesting that the differential reactivity originates from the phosphorylation status at T596. Immunofluorescence staining showed that mAb D-12-3 fails to detect TMAP/CKAP2 in mitotic cells between prophase and metaphase, but the staining becomes evident again in anaphase, suggesting that phosphorylation at T596 occurs transiently during early phases of mitosis. These results suggest that the cellular functions of TMAP/CKAP2 might be regulated by timely phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during the course of mitosis.
Preservation of Fertility in Patients with Cancer (2009)

The increasing number of young survivors of cancer who have favorable outcomes necessitates planning for the preservation of fertility, which may mean modifying the strategy for oncologic treatment. In addition to in vitro fertilization in women and sperm banking in men, new methods on the horizon include in vitro follicle maturation and techniques for tissue transplantation.
Natural motion trajectory generation of biped locomotion robot using genetic algorithm through energy optimization (2002)

The purpose of this research is to study the natural motion of a biped locomotion robot walking like a human in various environments. In this paper, we report about the natural motion trajectory generation of biped locomotion robot. We apply the genetic algorithm to off-line trajectory generation of biped locomotion robot through energy optimization and aim to generate more natural motion by considering the dynamic effect. Furthermore, we formulate the trajectory generation problem as a minimizing problem of energy so as to generate natural motion. To apply this calculated trajectory to a practical robot, we build a biped locomotion robot in trial, which has 13 joints and made of aluminum materials. Finally, we confirm that the calculated natural motion trajectory can be applied to practical biped locomotion.
Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Vigna Radiata Growth in Soil Differing in Fertilizer Concentration (2017)

Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic relationships with the roots of some plants, allowing the plant access to nutrients and minerals while the fungi obtain food from the plant. Given that this relationship is beneficial to the plant, this paper investigates the nature of the impact of presence of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Vigna radiata (mung beans) in soil of differing chemical environments. Through comparing the stem lengths of plants seven days after germination, it is found that in soil with 0.0% fertilizer, the presence of locally collected, unclassified mycorrhizal fungi impacts the growth of Vigna radiata negatively; in intermediate fertilizer concentrations (1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%) there is no significant effect; at higher fertilizer concentrations, the mycorrhizal fungi aid in the plants’ survival and growth. This paper concludes that in nutrient-deficient environments, the mycorrhizal fungi compete for nutrients with the plant, yet benefits the plant by stabilizing its growth when nutrients are available. Due to the unclassified nature of the mycorrhizal fungi used in this experiment, this investigation is very preliminary and opens itself to many more topics of research in the future.
Crystal Structure of Cellulose Triacetate I (2004)

Highly crystalline samples of cellulose triacetate (CTA) were prepared from cellulose I by heterogeneous acetylation in an equal amount mixture of acetic anhydride and toluene. Highly crystalline and oriented films of cellulose I from green alga Cladophora sp. was used as a starting material. Prepared samples were studied by FT-IR, solid-state 13C NMR, and X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic data indicate a complete degree of acetylation. In the solid-state 13C NMR spectrum, each carbon atom appears only as a single resonance, indicating that the asymmetric unit in the CTA I crystal includes only a single chemical repeat unit. This behavior is in contrast with the currently accepted crystal structure of CTA I, in which the unit cell includes two parallel polymer chains. In the fiber X-ray diffraction, prepared samples show high crystallinity and good orientation. A new unit cell is proposed, and the crystalline structure was refined using molecular modeling. Possible conformations of the acetate side chains are also considered. The proposed models include a single polymer chain in a 21 helical conformation placed in a monoclinic unit cell with a = 0.5939 nm, b = 1.1431 nm, c = 1.046 nm, and γ = 95.4°. Agreement between observed and predicted diffraction intensities, compared both by visual methods and in terms of the crystallographic reliability index R, is good with R = 0.22.
Analysis of the post-filling phase of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process (2013)

The vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process uses a compliant vacuum bagging material which allows the thickness of the saturated preform to change as a function of pressure. The final thickness of the part is dependent on the post-filling phase where excess resin is bled from the preform to achieve a desired final part thickness. The flow of resin during the bleeding process is dependent on the compaction and permeability characteristics of the preform material. This paper examines the post-filling stage of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process through finite element-based flow simulation and experimental studies. The studies focus on thick laminates where both in-plane and through thickness flows are considered. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results for two different post-filling scenarios provide insight into the post-filling phase of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process including model validation as well as understanding of limitations of compaction/relaxation constitutive models in predicting final preform thickness.
Optical Resolution of Chiral Ethylenebis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl)zirconium Derivatives by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1996)

Abstract Optical resolution of racemic C2-symmetric ethylenebis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl)zirconium derivatives was accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a chiral stationary phase.
A novel disposable post technology for self-aligned sub-micron contacts (2002)

A novel VLSI contact technology is proposed which uses disposable photoresist posts to define the contact regions. This technology which does not use any contact etch process completely removes the requirements for a high etch selectivity material in the contacts. It is ideally suited for forming self aligned contacts without damaging the underlying silicon or silicide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>