gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for real-time three-dimensional vector velocity imaging (2004)

The paper presents an approach for making real-time three-dimensional vector flow imaging. Synthetic aperture data acquisition is used, and the data is beamformed along the flow direction to yield signals usable for flow estimation. The signals are cross-related to determine the shift in position and thereby velocity. The data can be beamformed after reception in any direction and any vectorial velocity can be found. More than 60 independent velocity volumes can be made per second with this approach. A 3 MHz 2D matrix transducer consisting of 64 /spl times/ 64 elements with /spl lambda//2 pitch are used. The emissions are done using 16 /spl times/ 16 = 256 elements at a time and the received signals from the same elements are sampled. Access to the individual elements is done through 16-to-1 multiplexing, so that only a 256 channels transmitting and receiving system are needed. The method has been investigated using Field II. Parabolic flow in a 10 mm radius vessel inclined at 60 degrees to the acoustical axis of the transducer was simulated. The mean standard deviation of he estimates was 0.0098 m/s over the whole vessel cross-section, which is 3.3% relative to the peak velocity. The bias was 0.023 m/s (7.5%). False peaks were found mainly at the edges of the vessel due to the echo-cancelling, and the probability of false detection was 2.2%.
Design and fabrication of a high-fill-factor microbolometer using double sacrificial layers (1999)

In the present paper we report a high-fill factor uncooled IR micro-bolometer array; and, more particularly, a three- level IR bolometer including an almost 92 percent fill factor absorber and a separately-designed bridge structure for the electro-thermal isolation of thermal sensor; and a method for the silicon-based fabrication. The present 256 X 256 bolometer array comprises a CMOS readout circuitry, a bridge level, a pari of posts, and an absorption level. The fabrication of the presented bolometer feature that it uses double sacrificial layers so as to separate the absorber level from the bridge structure, electrical and thermal path between the absorber and substrate. Also, we chose a titanium thin-film as a bolometer material which is patterned to make a connection between the substrate contact and the post. The absorber level is compared of titanium metal film sandwiched between PECVD deposited silicon dioxide layers to preserve thermal isolation of a bolometer absorber and release the inertial stresses. Additional contact is formed to connect the metal thin-film to the serpentine resistive pattern on the absorbing membrane defined on the top of the second sacrificial layer. From the structural design, we can obtain a good thermal isolation without reducing IR absorbing area.
기업의 사회적 성과가 소비자의 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 기업이미지와 기업명성의 조절적 효과를 중심으로 (2011)

본 연구에서는 기업의 사회적 성과가 소비자의 태도에 미치는 영향에 초점을 두고 이러한 영향에 기업이미지와 기업명성이 조절 역할을 하는지 알아보고자 한다. 첫째, 기업의 사회적 성과가 소비자 태도에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있을 것을 보여주었다. 기업의 사회적 성과가 기업에 대한 소비자 태도로 이어지고 이에 따라 제품 평가에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 둘째, 기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 소비자들의 반응에 어떠한 요인들이 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임에 초점을 맞추었으며 이것이 소비자의 태도에 미치는 영향에 기업이미지와 기업명성의 어떠한 변수들이 변화를 가져오는지에 대해 규명하고자 했다. 또한 이를 실제적인 기업 상황에 적용하여 마케팅 전략을 제시하고자 했다.
Microwave transmission through a series of inclined gratings (1973)

A polarisation cascade matrix is derived which describes the transmission of an arbitrary elliptically polarised wave through an inclined grating of parallel wires. The terms of the matrix are the well established complex reflection and transmission coefficients for a linearly polarised wave incident on a single grating. Hence the matrix can be adapted for gratings with wires or strips of non-circular cross-section. The product of a series of matrices representing a series of gratings whose wires are at different angles to a fixed direction gives the total complex transmission and reflection coefficients. The results are shown to be in agreement with previously published work on a double-grating system, and are experimentally verified for a series of five gratings. These results confirm that such a series of gratings can be used to design broadband polarisation rotators for linear polarisation. A similar matrix analysis can be applied, for wider wire spacings, to the design of broadband circular or elliptical polarisers or analysers. A sharp resonance reflection condition, which occurs when the gratings are separated by half a wavelength, can have applications as a frequency filter.
Color Doppler in Clinical Cardiology (1988)

Shows how to read color Doppler images! Visually stunning atlas features spectacular 4-color images of actual cases. Introductory chapters illustrate normal flow patterns, followed by a sequence of instructive road maps that will allow even the neophyte to perform color Doppler studies quickly and accurately. Each case study includes a description of history and physical examination findings, plus a review of roentgenographic and electrocardiographic features.
Isolation and Determination of Polymeric Polyphenols Using Sephadex LH-20 and Analysis of Grape Tissue Extracts (1990)

A simple chromatographic method using Sephadex LH-20 was developed to separate non-polymeric and polymeric phenols. Non-polymeric phenols are eluted from the gel by 60% methanol. A subsequent elution with 50% acetone enables quantitative recovery of polymeric phenols. The phenolic concentration in each fraction is then measured using the Folin Ciocalteu procedure. The method was used to measure concentrations of polymeric phenols in grape seed, skin, stem, and leaf tissue extracts. Seeds were found to contain the highest and most uniform concentrations of polymeric phenols. Stems and leaves contained similar concentrations of polymeric phenols. Skins contained the lowest and most variable concentrations of polymeric phenols. The Sephadex LH-20 method and HPLC peak area ratios gave very similar estimates of the percentage of polymeric phenols in tissue extracts. However, the former method enables isolation and quantitative analysis of polymeric phenols. Thus, the Sephadex procedure provides results that can be used in efforts to produce a "balance sheet" summary of all phenols present in grape extracts or wines.
Observer variation in the grading of screen detected mammographic abnormalities. 1. Assessment of reproducibility (1996)

Interpretation of mammograms is a subjective process liable to observer error. This study was performed to examine the level of agreement and reproducibility between radiologists in the identification and assessment of mammographic abnormalities. Data were collected prospectively utilizing mammograms from women attending breast screening. Diagnostic consistency in interpretation of abnormalities classified into four categories (malignant, suspicious of malignancy, suspicious — probably benign and benign) and showed complete agreement between radiologists in 62% of cases (kappa 0.44). Complete intra-observer agreement was 76% and 66% (kappa 0.62 and 0.51) for each of the radiologists. The findings show differences in observer interpretation of mammographic lesions do occur and support the need for double reading of mammograms.
The context-tree weighting method: extensions (1998)

First we modify the basic (binary) context-tree weighting method such that the past symbols x/sub 1-D/, x/sub 2-D/, ..., x/sub 0/ are not needed by the encoder and the decoder. Then we describe how to make the context-tree depth D infinite, which results in optimal redundancy behavior for all tree sources, while the number of records in the context tree is not larger than 2T-1. Here T is the length of the source sequence. For this extended context-tree weighting algorithm we show that with probability one the compression ratio is not larger than the source entropy for source sequence length T/spl rarr//spl infin/ for stationary and ergodic sources.
Pilot scale exponential growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> W to high cell concentration with temperature variation (1976)

An efficient method to grow Escherichia coli W to high cell concentrations on the pilot scale is described and discussed. The method involves growth linked introduction of glucose and ammonia to the culture, sparging with oxygen, and maintenance of aerobic conditions by gradually decreasing the temperature in the culture in order to keep the oxygen demand within the limits of the capacity of supply. Under these conditions the linear rate of cell mass production is actually the result of exponential growth with a gradually decreasing growth-rate constant. About 10 kg packed cells were produced in a 50 liter working-volume fermentor in one run of 13 hr. The concentration of the cells at the end of the growth was about 47 g dry cells/liter. The expenditure for nutrients was minimal and the controls were of simple automatic nature. From the determined yield constants for glucose, nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen it may be inferred that the cells grown by this method are similar to those grown exponentially at constant temperature.
Ad Hoc Committee to Study the Utilization and Training of Nonprofessional Assistants (1966)

Journal Article Ad Hoc Committee to Study the Utilization and Training of Nonprofessional Assistants Get access Helen Blood Helen Blood Chairman, Ad Hoc Committee to Study Utilization and Training of Nonprofessional Assistants Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 46, Issue 11R, November 1966, Pages 35–36, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/46.11R.35 Published: 01 November 1966
Novel electrocatalytic membrane for ammonia synthesis (2010)

Novel ceramic membrane cells of BaCe₀.₅Zr₀.₃Y₀.₁₆Zn₀.₀₄O[subscript(3-δ)] (BCZYZ), a proton-conducting oxide, have been developed for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis. Unlike the industrial Haber-Bosch process, in this work an attempt to synthesise ammonia at atmospheric pressure has been made. The membrane cell fabricated by tape casting and solution impregnation comprises of a 200 μm-thick BCZYZ electrolyte and impregnated electrode composites. Electrocatalysts for anode and cathode were investigated. For the anode, the co-impregnation of Ni and CeO₂ provided excellent electrode performance including high catalytic activity, sintering stability and compatibility with the BCZYZ electrolyte. The best composition was the mixture of 25 wt% NiO and 10 wt% CeO₂. A symmetrical cell prepared with this electrode composition revealed low polarisation resistances of 1.0 and 0.45 Ωcm² in humidified 5% H₂/Ar at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. For the cathode, 25 wt% of impregnated Fe oxide provided a satisfactory performance in non-humidified N₂ atmosphere. Significant amounts of ammonia were produced from the single cell with Ni-CeO₂ anode and Fe oxide cathode at 400-500 °C under atmospheric pressure. Ammonia formation rate was enhanced by Pd catalyst addition and electrochemical performance was improved by Ru addition. The highest ammonia formation rate of 4 x 10⁻⁹ mols⁻¹cm⁻² was attained using the cell with a Pd-modified Fe cathode at 450 °C. The formation reaction of ammonia typically consumed around 1-2.5 % of total applied current while most of the applied current was employed in H⁺ reduction. The total current efficiency of around 90-100 % could be obtained from the membrane cells.
Comparison of affinity chromatography and adsorption to vaccinia virus recombinant infected cells for depletion of antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins present in a human immunoglobulin preparation (2005)

Antibodies directed against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) glycoproteins were depleted from a commercial immunoglobulin preparation (RespiGam) by two different methods. The first method consisted of repeated adsorption of RespiGam to Sepharose beads with covalently bound soluble forms of the two major viral glycoproteins (F or G). The second method consisted of adsorption of immunoglobulins to live cells expressing F or G glycoproteins on their surfaces after infection with vaccinia virus recombinants. While the first method removed efficiently antibodies that reacted with F and/or G glycoproteins by ELISA, it was inefficient in the elimination of anti-HRSV neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, the second method removed efficiently anti-HRSV antibodies that both reacted by ELISA and neutralized virus infectivity. These results confirm that human neutralizing antibodies are directed exclusively against HRSV F and G glycoproteins, and, they raise the possibility that F and G glycoproteins inserted into cell membranes differ antigenically from their soluble forms linked covalently to Sepharose beads.
Phytic Acid Content and Phytase Activity of Barley Malt (1990)

The phytic acid content of nine North American six- and two-rowed barley varieties ranged from 0.95 to 1.11%. There was a marked increase in phytase activity during four days of germination, which was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in phytic acid content. Phytic acid levels in malt ranged from 0.67 to 0.88%, representing about 74% of the phytic acid content of unmalted barley. Approximately 75% of the phytase activity of green malt was lost during kilning. Phytase activity declined 20% during the 45°C hold in an ASBC mash, and an additional 55% by the time the temperature reached 55° C during the rise to 70° C. Only about 6% of the original activity remained as the temperature reached 70° C and none was observed after 30 min at this temperature. The partially purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.0 and a temperature optimum of 40° C. The enzyme was slightly inhibited by nickel and cobalt and highly inhibited by mercury, silver, zinc, iron, and copper.
Intratumoral Mediated Immunosuppression is Prognostic in Genetically Engineered Murine Models of Glioma and Correlates to Immunotherapeutic Responses (2010)

Although randomization is necessary for including mice in a therapeutic trial, these murine model systems are more suitable for testing therapeutics, especially immunotherapeutics, in the context of translational studies.
Automatic sensor and mechanical shutter calibration for digital still cameras (2005)

We present an embedded software-based automatic calibration system for high-end digital still cameras. By using electronic shutter associated with charge-coupled device (CCD), the system can be used to calibrate the characteristics of the sensor, the mechanical shutter, and the lens accurately. It has been built in several camera models and applied on a practical mass production line. The calibration time for each camera is less than 30 seconds and the calibrated cameras can get very high precision parameters for controlling image capture function.
Longitudinal Analyses of Prenatal and Postnatal Lead Exposure and Early Cognitive Development (1987)

In a prospective cohort study of 249 children from birth to two years of age, we assessed the relation between prenatal and postnatal lead exposure and early cognitive development. On the basis of lead levels in umbilical-cord blood, children were assigned to one of three prenatal-exposure groups: low (less than 3 micrograms per deciliter), medium (6 to 7 micrograms per deciliter), or high (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms per deciliter). Development was assessed semiannually, beginning at the age of six months, with use of the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (mean +/- SD, 100 +/- 16). Capillary-blood samples obtained at the same times provided measures of postnatal lead exposure. Regression methods for longitudinal data were used to evaluate the association between infants' lead levels and their development scores after adjustment for potential confounders. At all ages, infants in the high-prenatal-exposure group scored lower than infants in the other two groups. The estimated difference between the overall performance of the low-exposure and high-exposure groups was 4.8 points (95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 7.3). Between the medium- and high-exposure groups, the estimated difference was 3.8 points (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 6.3). Scores were not related to infants' postnatal blood lead levels. It appears that the fetus may be adversely affected at blood lead concentrations well below 25 micrograms per deciliter, the level currently defined by the Centers for Disease Control as the highest acceptable level for young children.
Device discovery via residential gateways (2003)

This paper describes the discovery and interaction of devices in a home network. It defines an innovative Device Discovery and Description Framework called 3DF, that integrates existing networking and interoperability protocols. It addresses semantic device descriptions with multiple views, dynamic capability changes and driver support in an advanced way, taking into consideration aspects such as reusability, extendibility and ease of use.
Steel grinding media in production use (1975)

This paper reviews the types of steel being used for grinding rods and balls by the mining industry in U. S. and Canada. Results of a Dec. 1973 grinding media survey of U. S. and Canadian mills are summarized. Common alloying elements (C, Mn, Cr, Mo, Cu, etc.) are discussed. Grinding balls and rods are discussed separately; wear tests using irradiated balls are described. Finally, defects in grinding media are discussed. (DLC)
A New Approach to Scaling Up Electrophoresis (1993)

Abstract Free Flow Electrophoresis (FFE) has been utilized for the separation of proteins and cells for many years, and has evolved into the most promising method of continuous separation. One of the major drawbacks inherent with FFE, however, is the thermal convection due to Joule heating which occurs whenever current is passed through a conducting solution. To provide efficient heat dissipation, the size of FFE units is restricted, which limits sample throughput. A new type of FFE design, which internally cools the separation unit by passing water through capillary tubes, has been developed and tested. Results of separations of dyes are presented, using a bed 1/4 inch thick which maintains efficient cooling.
Introduction (1997)

Dismissed by many historians as a "strategical side show" <sup>1</sup> to the main event being fought in Europe, the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States seems to have been declared by the unprepared and fought by the unwilling for reasons that remain unexplained. Inconclusive and futile as a military exercise, the War of 1812 merits further study from an economic viewpoint as a war against trade. Not only did the War of 1812 mark an important turning point in the mercantile relationships between Great Britain and her current and former colonies in North America, it was the last international conflict in which commerce raiding or privateering played a major role....
Biosynthesis of Ascorbate in Yeast (1982)

An enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae which catalyzes the reaction: L-galactonolactone + O2 leads to L-ascorbate + H2O2 has been purified 466-fold from the mitochondrial fraction of a yeast homogenate. The enzyme has several properties that are different from the L-galactonolactone oxidase described by Nishikimi et al. [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 191, 479-486 (1978)]. By gel filtration in the presence of sodium deoxycholate an apparent Mr of 70 000 was obtained for the active enzyme. Polyacrylamide-gradient gel electrophoresis in the presence of deoxycholate gave an Mr of 74 000, whereas sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed only one protein band corresponding to an Mr of 18 000. A tetrameric structure of the enzyme is thereby suggested. The substrate specificity is confined to the aldonoacid lactones L-galactono-, D-altrono-, L-fucono-, D-arabino- and D-threono-1,4-lactones. Competitive inhibition was demonstrated with L-gulono- and D-galactono-1,4-lactones. p-Chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, sulfite and sulfide were all inhibitory to the enzyme. No effect was seen when cyanide, azide, EDTA, alpha, alpha'-bipyridyl or bathocuproine disulfonate was added. An apparent Km of 0.3 mM with L-galactonolactone as a substrate was found. The Km for oxygen was 0.18 mM. The pH/activity curve exhibited a maximum around pH 8.9 and a shoulder at pH 6.5. Evidence of a covalently bound flavin coenzyme and involvement of an iron-sulfur cluster was obtained from difference spectra of oxidized minus substrate-reduced enzyme with peaks or shoulders of the oxidized enzyme at 475, 445, 410, 375 and 350 nm. In sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gels the enzyme subunit(s) had a bright yellow fluorescence after fixation in 7% acetic acid or 5% formaldehyde. The galactonolactone oxidase is stable with 50% activity being lost in 6 months at + 5 degrees C.
Synthesis of AlN Thin Films on Sapphire Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition of AlCl<sub>3</sub>–NH<sub>3</sub> System and Surface Acoustic Wave Properties (1996)

Thin films of AlN were prepared on (012) sapphire substrates by chemical vapor deposition using AlCl 3 , NH 3 , H 2 and N 2 gases. Crystal orientations, surface microstructures, oxygen impurity contents of the films and surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties determined using an interdigital transducer were investigated. Under optimized conditions, epitaxial AlN films were deposited and crystal orientation of AlN films increased as the thickness of the films increased. Oxygen impurity contents were less than 1 atm%. The dependence of SAW velocity along the [001] AlN axis on the film thickness was in good agreement with the theoretical prediction and the temperature coefficients of the center frequency increased as the film thickness increased. These tendencies are considered to be explained by the high crystal orientation and low oxygen impurity content of AlN epitaxial films.
Multivariate analysis of DNA ploidy, p53, c-erbB-2 proteins, EGFR, and steroid hormone receptors for prediction of poor short term prognosis in breast cancer. (1997)

Among molecular-genetic prognostic factors, c-erbB-2 was the most strongly predictive of poor short term prognosis followed by p53 in lymph node positive breast cancer.
Infrared spectroscopy of exfoliated cervical cell specimens. Proceed with caution. (1999)

The infrared spectra of exfoliated cervical cells carry information regarding the presence or absence of dysplasia, and that information is recoverable--albeit imperfectly at this stage--from the spectra of "real life" cell preparations.
Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart (2019)

Negative alterations of mitochondria are known to occur in heart failure (HF). This study investigated the novel mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agent elamipretide on mitochondrial and supercomplex function in failing human hearts ex vivo. Freshly explanted failing and nonfailing ventricular tissue from children and adults was treated with elamipretide. Mitochondrial oxygen flux, complex (C) I and CIV activities, and in-gel activity of supercomplex assembly were measured. Mitochondrial function was impaired in the failing human heart, and mitochondrial oxygen flux, CI and CIV activities, and supercomplex-associated CIV activity significantly improved in response to elamipretide treatment. Elamipretide significantly improved failing human mitochondrial function.
Unmet Needs in Dystonia: Genetics and Molecular Biology—How Many Dystonias? (2017)

Genetic findings of the past years have provided ample evidence for a substantial etiologic heterogeneity of dystonic syndromes. While an increasing number of genes are being identified for Mendelian forms of isolated and combined dystonias using classical genetic mapping and whole-exome sequencing techniques, their precise role in the molecular pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Also, the role of genetic risk factors in the etiology of sporadic dystonias is still enigmatic. Only the systematic ascertainment and precise clinical characterization of very large cohorts with dystonia, combined with systematic genetic studies, will be able to unravel the complex network of factors that determine disease risk and phenotypic expression.