gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR γ IS REQUIRED FOR THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CIGLITAZONE BUT NOT 15-DEOXY-Δ12,14-PROSTAGLANDIN J2 ON THE NFκB PATHWAY IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (2007)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor with effects on inflammation, atherosclerosis, and apoptosis. The endogenous PPARgamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), and the synthetic ligand, ciglitazone, have anti-inflammatory properties in endothelial cells. In addition to PPARgamma-dependent effects on the anti-inflammatory process, it has been proposed that PPARgamma ligands may also inhibit the nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway in a PPARgamma-independent manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 15d-PGJ2 and ciglitazone on the cytokine-induced activation of the NFkappaB pathway. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transiently transfected with NFkappaB-luciferase or PPARgamma elements-luciferase reporter constructs for 48 h. The HUVECs were pretreated with 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone (30 microM) for 1 h, followed by a 4-h stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (100 U/mL). Luciferase assay was performed to determine reporter activity. Additionally, HUVECs were transiently transfected with a dominant-negative mutant, which retains ligand and DNA binding but exhibits markedly reduced transactivation. Stimulation of HUVEC with tumor necrosis factor alpha increased NFkappaB activation while decreasing PPARgamma activity. Overexpression of a dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant prevented the inhibitory effect of ciglitazone on cytokine-induced NFkappaB activation in transfected human endothelial cells. Conversely, 15d-PGJ2 inhibited the cytokine-induced NFkappaB activation even in the absence of PPARgamma. Our data suggest that 15d-PGJ2 exerts direct inhibitory effects on the NFkappaB pathway through a PPARgamma-independent mechanism. On the contrary, the inhibitory effect of ciglitazone on the NFkappaB pathway seems to require PPARgamma activation.
Money for medication: financial incentives to improve medication adherence in assertive outreach (2006)

Aims and Method Although financial incentives to improve treatment adherence have been found effective in various medical specialties, there are few systematic data on their use, ethical background and effectiveness in psychiatry. We explored the practice of and possible ethical problems associated with direct financial incentives to improve adherence in assertive outreach teams in England. We also report clinical observations of a money for medication scheme with five assertive outreach patients in East London. Results None of the assertive outreach teams that responded to the survey (response rate 47%) uses financial incentives. Attitudes of team managers towards the practice were mostly negative, often regarding it as unethical. Specific concerns were related to possible coercion and a negative impact on the therapeutic relationship. Out of five patients studied, four accepted the offer of money and had improved adherence; three remained without hospital admission since entering the scheme. Clinical Implications Money for medication might be a non-coercive and effective option to achieve medication adherence in otherwise non-adherent assertive outreach patients. However, ethical issues need further exploration and controlled trials are required to establish the effectiveness.
Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)- propane(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluorophosphate, CU(C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>20</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)(PF<sub>6</sub>) (1993)

Article Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)- propane(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluorophosphate, CU(C19H20N4)(CH3CN)(PF6) was published on June 1, 1993 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 203, issue 1-2).
Polymersomes scalably fabricated via flash nanoprecipitation are non-toxic in non-human primates and associate with leukocytes in the spleen and kidney following intravenous administration (2018)

Vesicular nanocarrier formulations confer the ability to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos simultaneously to cells of interest in vivo. While liposomal formulations reached the clinic long ago, younger technologies such as polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) have yet to make the transition to clinical approval and use, in part due to difficulties in ensuring their safe and scalable production. In this work, we demonstrate the scalable production of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-bl-PPS) polymersomes via flash nanoprecipitation, and further show the safe administration of these nanocarriers to mice and non-human primates. In mice, PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes were found to be well tolerated at up to 200 mg/(kg·week). Following the administration of a more relevant 20 mg/(kg·week) dosage in non-human primates, polymersomes were found to associate with numerous phagocytic immune cell populations, including a remarkable 68% of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and > 95% of macrophages in the spleen, while showing no toxicity or abnormalities in the liver, kidney, spleen, or blood. Despite the presence of a dense PEG corona, neither anti-PEG antibodies nor complement activation were detected. This work provides evidence of the translatability of PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes into the clinic for therapeutic applications in humans.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Promotes Vaccinia Virus Entry into Host Cells via Activation of the Akt Pathway (2012)

Vaccinia virus (VV) is an enveloped DNA virus from the poxvirus family and has played a crucial role in the eradication of smallpox. It continues to be used in immunotherapy for the prevention of infectious diseases and treatment of cancer. However, the mechanisms of poxvirus entry, the host factors that affect viral virulence, and the reasons for its natural tropism for tumor cells are incompletely understood. By studying the effect of hypoxia on VV infection, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) augments oncolytic VV cytotoxicity. VEGF derived from tumor cells acts to increase VV internalization, resulting in increased replication and cytotoxicity in an AKT-dependent manner in both tumor cells and normal respiratory epithelial cells. Overexpression of VEGF also enhances VV infection within tumor tissue in vivo after systemic delivery. These results highlight the importance of VEGF expression in VV infection and have potential implications for the design of new strategies to prevent poxvirus infection and the development of future generations of oncolytic VV in combination with conventional or biological therapies.
Colony Variation of Helicobacter pylori: Pathogenic Potential Is Correlated to Cell Wall Lipid Composition (1997)

H. pylori was shown to give rise to two colony forms: at normal pH the population was dominated by L colonies. One strain was chosen for further studies. Bacteria from L colonies retained VacA toxin and urease, did not invade or adhere to epithelial cells, and contained normal quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine. In a small frequency, spontaneous S colonies were formed. Bacteria from these colonies released VacA and urease, adhered to and invaded epithelial cells and contained increased amounts of lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine. After addition of HCl to the culture medium (pH6), almost only S colonies were formed. The results demonstrate that environmental factors, such as HCl, can change the bacterial cell wall, and thereby enhance expression of virulence factors of H. pylori in vitro. A similar in vivo variation would have implications for our understanding of the interaction between HCl secretion in the gastric mucosa and H. pylori in the development of peptic ulcer disease.
STAT Inhibition in the Treatment of Cancer: Transcription Factors as Targets for Molecular Therapy (2006)

The ability to inhibit kinases such as Bcr-Abl, Her2, Flt3, and the epidermal growth factor receptor has ushered in a new generation of targeted therapies, based on the unique molecular abnormalities present in tumor cells. However, activation of most of these kinases is found in only a small fraction of tumors. In most cancers, a variety of kinases may become activated, but the malignant phenotype of a cell is driven through the downstream activation of a relatively small number of transcription factors. One family of transcription factors found to be activated in a wide spectrum of human cancers is the signal transducers and activators of transcription, or STATs. In tumor systems, STAT inhibition has been shown to decrease cellular proliferation and lower the threshold for apoptosis. By contrast, inhibition of STATs in normal tissue is generally well tolerated, presumably due to the presence of complementary or redundant signaling pathways. With increased knowledge regarding the molecular steps in the activation of STATs and other transcription factors, very specific inhibitors can be designed and synthesized. Hence, either alone or in combination with targeted or cytotoxic therapies, inhibition of STATs and other transcription factors may be a powerful new approach towards cancer therapy.
Mycoplasma detection in cell cultures: a comparison of four methods. (2000)

Mycoplasma is a common contaminant of tissue culture samples. Infection is persistent, difficult to detect and diagnose, and very difficult to cure. The concentration of mycoplasma in infected cultures can be as high as 10(7) colony-forming units per mL, and their presence can change many of the cell reactions, including altering cell growth rate, inducing morphological changes or cell transformation, and mimicking virus infection. Therefore, it should be assumed that a mycoplasma-contaminated cell line may be significantly influenced in every respect, and, thus, experimental data derived from such a cell line is likely to be invalid. Contamination is not obvious, either macroscopically or microscopically; thus, routine mycoplasma testing is essential for any cell culture laboratory. Many of the testing procedures developed so far are time-consuming, expensive, inconclusive and unsuitable for screening large numbers of test specimens. This study compares DNA staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR ELISA, to determine which is the best procedure for routine assessment of cell cultures. All four methods gave reproducible results with both infected and non-infected cell lines. Both ELISA methods were easy to perform, reproducible and easily interpreted.
Bandwidth sharing and scan scheduling in multimodal radar with communications and tracking (2013)

AbstractThis paper addresses two issues related to multi-functional radio frequency (RF) systems: Bandwidth sharing between radar surveillance and communications, and scan scheduling during radar surveillance and radar tracking. Bandwidth is a very scarce commodity which must be managed with diligence for optimal system performance. Multi-objective optimization is used to arrive at solutions making the best use of available bandwidth between radar and communications. Bandwidth allocation for radar is based on the need to unambiguously resolve various scattering features of the target and their spatial arrangement. We divide the surveillance space into angular sectors and use fuzzy logic to arrive at priorities for each sector. We also consider the problem of scan scheduling between tracking and surveillance modes for the multimodal radar and introduce the concept of partial passes to increase the number of visits for tracking sectors. Static radar scheduling methods are used for specific target scenarios,...
A nematode FMRFamide-like peptide, SDPNFLRFamide (PF1), relaxes the dorsal muscle strip preparation of<i>Ascaris suum</i> (1994)

PF1 (SDPNFLRFamide) is a FMRFamide-like peptide extracted from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus. Here we show that this peptide causes a hyperpolarization of somatic muscle cells of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum and a relaxation of the somatic muscle strip preparation. We have assessed whether or not the relaxation of Ascaris dorsal muscle strip by PF1 is due to (i) inhibition of the release of the excitatory neuromuscular junction transmitter acetylcholine (ACh), (ii) potentiation of the release of the inhibitory neuromuscular junction transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or (iii) a direct inhibitory action of the peptide on the muscle cells. Under the experimental conditions described here, tonic ACh release does not seem to be involved in determining the resting membrane potential or resting tone of the Ascaris dorsal muscle strip and thus inhibition of tonic ACh release is unlikely to explain the relaxation elicited by the peptide. Furthermore, PF1 (100 nM-1 microM) inhibited the contraction of the muscle strip elicited by bath application of ACh, suggesting either a direct inhibitory action of the peptide on the muscle cells or a potentiation of GABA release. In electrophysiological experiments, the reversal potential for the PF1 hyperpolarization was not the same as that for GABA. Thus, PF1 hyperpolarizes Ascaris muscle by a mechanism that does not involve stimulation of GABA release from inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals.
Analysis and design of an interdigital cantilever as a displacement sensor (1998)

The interdigital (ID) cantilever with two sets of interleaving fingers is an alternative to the conventional cantilever used in the atomic force microscope (AFM). In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the interdigital cantilever and its use as a sensor for the AFM. In this study, we combine finite element analysis with diffraction theory to simulate the mechanically induced optical response of the ID. This model is used to compare this system with the optical lever detector as used in conventional instruments by analyzing the ratio of signal to noise and overall performance. We find that optical detection of the cantilever motion with interdigital fingers has two advantages. When used in conjunction with arrays of cantilevers it is far easier to align. More importantly, it is immune to laser pointing noise and thermally excited mechanical vibrations and this improves the sensitivity as compared to the optical lever.
Atorvastatin, a New HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor as Monotherapy and Combined With Colestipol (1996)

BACKGROUND: Atorvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in clinical development has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and marked cholesterol and triglyceride reduction at doses ranging from 10-80 mg/day. Since bile acid sequestering resins are often used in combination with HMGRIs to enhance cholesterol reduction, this trial was conducted to explore the use of atorvastatin alone and combined with colestipol in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred six patients with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol >4.1 mM/L (160 mg/dL) and plasma triglycerides <3.9 mM/L (350 mg/dL) were randomized to treatment consisting of 20 g/day colestipol, 10 mg/day atorvastatin, or 10 mg/day atorvastatin plus 20 g/day colestipol for 12 weeks. Percent change from baseline in lipid variables were measured. The atorvastatin group showed a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol of 35% after 12 weeks. Combination therapy provided an additional 10% reduction in LDL cholesterol over that observed for atorvastatin alone. Twenty-one percent of all patients in the atorvastatin monotherapy group experienced associated adverse events compared with 60% in the combination therapy group. Ninety percent of atorvastatin monotherapy patients were compliant at every visit compared with 75% receiving combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the combination of atorvastatin plus colestipol was more effective in lowering LDL cholesterol than atorvastatin alone, atorvastatin 10 mg/day monotherapy provided a better safety profile and improved patient compliance, which may result in improved long-term cholesterol control.
Rotation and scale invariant wavelet feature for content‐based texture image retrieval (2002)

Abstract This article introduces an effective rotation and scale invariant log‐polar wavelet texture feature for image retrieval. The proposed feature is an attempt to enhance the existing content‐based image retrieval systems that largely present difficulty in coping with images with changes in orientations and scales. The underlying feature extraction process involves a log‐polar transform followed by an adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform. The log‐polar transform converts a given image into a rotation and scale invariant but row‐shifted image, which is then further processed through an adaptive row‐shift invariant wavelet packet transform operation to generate adaptively selected subbands of rotation and scale invariant wavelet coefficients, based on an information cost function. An energy signature is computed for each subband of these wavelet coefficients. To reduce feature dimensionality, only the most dominant log‐polar wavelet energy signatures are selected for the feature vector for image retrieval. The overall feature extraction process is quite efficient and involves only O( n · log n ) complexity. Experimental results show that this rotation and scale invariant wavelet feature is quite effective for image retrieval and outperforms the traditional wavelet packet signatures.
Determination of shear strength of Hawaiian residual soil subjected to rainfall-induced landslides (1998)

The determination of shear strength parameters for the stability analysis of rainfall—induced landslides requires both a knowledge of the stress history and a laboratory simulation of the failure stress path of the soil involved. Such soils exist on steep slopes and have experienced a highly anisotropic stress action through which they have been consolidated. A series of tests has been carried out on residual soil from a steeply sloping site in Hawaii, typical of locations subject to rainfall—induced landslides. Two types of tests were carried out: anisotropicconsolidation—undrained (ACU) tests, which mimic field consolidation stress paths of the soil, and constant—shear—stress—drained (CSD) tests, which best simulate the failure stress path for rainfall—induced landslides. Substantial differences of soil behaviour in CSD tests and ACU tests are recognized. The CSD strength parameters are considered most appropriate for analysing the rainfall—induced landslides. Typical CSD derived parameters are ø' y = 32° and c' y = 6·9 kPa for the yield state, and ø is = 35° and c' is = 4·2 kPa for the large—strain state. Pour calculer les paramètees de résistance au cisaillement afin d'analyser la stabilité des terrains susceptibles aux glissements provoqu&acure;s par les chutes du pluie, it faut connaltre les contraintes subies auparavant par le sol et simuler en laboratoire le parcours de tension de rupture du sol en question. On trouve de tels sols sur des pentes abruptes, où Us ont ésoumis agrave; des contraintes fortement anisotropes, qui les ont consolidàs. Uarticle décrit une série d'essais effectués sur le sol résiduel d'altération d'un terrain à pente forte de Hawaii, qui est représentatif des terrains sujets aux glissements causés par les chutes de pluie. Deux types d'essai ont é réalisés: des essais anisotropes consolidés non drain6s, qui reproduisent les parcours de contrainte de consolidation du sol sur le terrain, et des essais drain6s a cisaillement constant, qui simulent le mieux le parcours de tension de rupture des glissements de terrain provoqués par les chutes de pluie. Varticle fait ressortir ˇimportantes différences entre les deux types ďessai pour ce qui est du comportement du sol, et présente les paramètres de résistance à utiliser pour analyser les glissements de terrain causés par les chutes de pluie: y' = 32,1°, cy' = 6,9 kPa pour l'´tat de fluage; et ls' = 35,3°, cls' = 4,2 kPa pour ľètat des grandes contraintes.
Multisensor data fusion for robust pose estimation of a six-legged walking robot (2011)

For autonomous navigation tasks it is important that the robot always has a good estimate of its current pose with respect to its starting position and - in terms of orientation - with respect to the gravity vector. For this, the robot should make use of all available information and be robust against the failure of single sensors. In this paper a multisensor data fusion algorithm for the six-legged walking robot DLR Crawler is presented. The algorithm is based on an indirect feedback information filter that fuses measurements from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with relative 3D leg odometry measurements and relative 3D visual odometry measurements from a stereo camera. Errors of the visual odometry are computed and considered in the filtering process in order to achieve accurate pose estimates which are robust against visual odometry failure. The algorithm was successfully tested and results are presented.
The Maximum Clique Problem (1999)

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Adjunct to the diagnostic distinction between adenocarcinomas of the ovary and the colon utilizing a monoclonal antibody (COL-4) with restricted carcinoembryonic antigen reactivity. (1987)

Malignant ovarian tumors may represent either primary ovarian cancers or metastatic lesions (from patients with demonstrated primary cancers at other body sites) whose distinction may be difficult using clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) COL-4, reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen, has previously been shown to react preferentially with adenocarcinomas of the colon versus a variety of normal tissues. We report here that MAb COL-4 is strongly reactive with primary colonic carcinomas (N = 50), as well as regional (N = 42), and distant (N = 20) metastases of colonic adenocarcinoma. In contrast, MAb COL-4 demonstrated little to no reactivity with primary (N = 53) and metastatic carcinomas of the ovary (N = 23) including serous, mucinous, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical techniques. This differential reactivity was statistically significant (P less than 0.001), suggesting the potential clinical utility of MAb COL-4 in the differentiation of ovarian from colonic adenocarcinoma. Solid-phase quantitative radioimmunoassays and Western blotting techniques confirmed these results. Data are also presented that the carcinoembryonic antigen molecules or epitopes recognized by a more classical broadly reactive anti-carcinoembryonic antigen MAb are distinct from those recognized by MAb COL-4. Other carcinomas which also metastasize to the ovary and may be confused clinically with a primary ovarian tumor such as adenocarcinomas of the stomach and breast were also evaluated for reactivity with MAb COL-4. COL-4 was also reactive with all gastric carcinomas evaluated, but failed to react with breast carcinomas. Hence, COL-4 can now be utilized as an immunohistochemical adjunct for the differentiation of ovarian from gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma which can be difficult to distinguish by clinical, surgical, and histological parameters.