gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Video Event Detection for Imbalance Data Using Enhanced Ensemble Deep Learning (2017)

With the explosion of multimedia data, semantic event detection from videos has become a demanding and challenging topic. In addition, when the data has a skewed data distribution, interesting event detection also needs to address the data imbalance problem. The recent proliferation of deep learning has made it an essential part of many Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Till now, various deep learning architectures have been proposed for numerous applications such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) and image processing. Nonetheless, it is still impracticable for a single model to work well for different applications. Hence, in this paper, a new ensemble deep learning framework is proposed which can be utilized in various scenarios and datasets. The proposed framework is able to handle the over-fitting issue as well as the information losses caused by single models. Moreover, it alleviates the imbalanced data problem in real-world multimedia data. The whole framework includes a suite of deep learning feature extractors integrated with an enhanced ensemble algorithm based on the performance metrics for the imbalanced data. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is utilized as the last layer of each deep learning component and also as the weak learners in the ensemble module. The framework is evaluated on two large-scale and imbalanced video datasets (namely, disaster and TRECVID). The extensive experimental results illustrate the advantage and effectiveness of the proposed framework. It also demonstrates that the proposed framework outperforms several well-known deep learning methods, as well as the conventional features integrated with different classifiers.
SYNTHESIS OF AN ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILE COATING (2011)

A titania nanosol was synthesized and coated onto nylon/cotton blended textile substrates. The substrates were characterized via SEM for adhesion and nanoparticle formation, then subjected to antimicrobial efficacy tests. The titania nanosol was successfully coated on to textiles samples. Particles were observed to be around 2 by 3 micrometers and formed between the interstitial space of textile fibers. Although larger than typical nanoparticles, the coatings exhibited what seemed to be antimicrobial activity. Titania nanosol coated textile samples were subjected to Kirby Bauer Assay in the presence of S. aureus. The coated textile sample exhibited an inhibition of growth around its edges while the uncoated sample encouraged growth. A post-antibiotic effect was observed to be 1.2 hours on S. aureus when exposed to the titania coated textile.
A New Method of Analyzing Thermogravimetric Data (1965)

Abstract A new method of obtaining the kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric curves has been proposed. The method is simple and applicable to reactions which can not be analyzed by other methods. The effect of the heating rate on thermogravimetric curves has been elucidated, and the master curve of the experimental curves at different heating rates has been derived. The applications of the method to the pyrolyses of calcium oxalate and nylon 6 have been shown ; the results are in good agreement with the reported values. The applicability of the method to other types of thermal analyses has been discussed, and the method of the conversion of the data to other conditions of temperature change has been suggested. From these discussions, the definition of the thermal stability of materials has been criticized.
Genomics of Alzheimer Disease (2016)

Mutations in APP and PS-1 and PS-2 genes that are associated with early-onset, autosomal, dominantly inherited AD, in addition to the at-risk gene polymorphisms responsible for late-onset AD, all indicate a direct and early role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. A translational result of genomic research has been Aβ-reducing therapies including DNA Aβ42 vaccination as a promising approach to delay or prevent this disease.
Supercapacitors Prepared from Melamine-Based Carbon (2005)

The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors made of a carbon material with a moderate amount of nitrogen atoms embedded in a carbon matrix is reported. Melamine was polymerized in the interlayer spaces of mica and afterward carbonized at various temperatures between 650 and 1000 °C. Elemental analysis and an XPS study showed that the nitrogen content of samples stabilized at 250 °C for 4 h prior to carbonization was generally higher if compared to their nonstabilized counterparts and that the nitrogen species were located preferably at the edges of graphene sheets. To understand the relationship between the capacitive performance and the porosity of stabilized and nonstabilized samples, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method was also employed. Supercapacitors with the electrodes manufactured from these carbon materials showed a very good capacitive performance in 1 M sulfuric acid. The maximum gravimetric specific capacitance of 204.8 F g-1 was obtained from a sample carbonized at 750 °C. Specific capacitances per surface area were also calculated, and, as a result, the stabilized samples provided higher values than the nonstabilized samples, for example, 3.66 F m-2 for a sample stabilized and carbonized at 1000 °C. We associate the high values of capacitances in sulfuric acid with the pseudocapacitance that originates from an interaction between the nitrogen species and the protons of the electrolyte. This claim was verified by another measurement, where a neutral electrolyte (3 M NaCl) was used instead of sulfuric acid. We observed a decrease in capacitance with the surface area, and the values of capacitances per surface area were close to the values for activated carbons. Thus, the capacitance in NaCl can be attributed to the electrostatic interaction of ions on the double-layer rather than the pseudocapacitive interaction.
Worldwide distribution of soybean-cyst nematode and its economic importance. (1977)

Soybean-cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) was first reported from Japan in 1915. It has since been reported from Korea (1936), Manchuria (1938), the United States (USA) (1954), and Egypt (1968). It is of major concern to soybean producers only in Japan and the USA. Soybean was a major crop in the Orient by 1915 but it was grown very little elsewhere. Since that time its cultivation has spread, and in 1974 there were 37.6 million ha with a production of 51.7 billion kg. As soybean cultivation has spread, the soybean-cyst nematode has been more widely found. Soybean is one of the major food sources for feeding the increasing world population. Soybean-cyst nematodes have been spreading rapidly in recent years and are a major threat to this very important crop.
Genomic gain of PIK3CA and increased expression of p110alpha are associated with progression of dysplasia into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (2002)

PIK3CA, encoding the catalytic subunit p110alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), is activated in malignant diseases. However, the role of the PIK3CA gene aberrations for tumourigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is to date unclear. The present study was designed to determine the genomic aberration of PIK3CA in invasive HNSCC and dysplastic precursor lesions by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a YAC probe, containing the PIK3CA gene, on isolated interphase nuclei from histomorphologically well-defined regions of formalin-fixed tissue sections and to compare these data with protein and mRNA expression of p110alpha. The mRNA and protein levels of p110alpha were assessed, respectively, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on consecutive tissue sections. Copy number gains at 3q26 were observed in one of six low-to-moderate dysplasias (17%) and in seven of nine high-grade dysplasias (78%), as well as in 11 carcinomas (100%). In addition, one of seven high-grade dysplasias (14%) and 6 of 11 carcinomas (55%) had amplifications of 3q26. The majority of cases with copy number gain in more than 50% of the cells and/or amplification in more than 10% of cells showed increased p110alpha mRNA and protein expression, whereas only two cases (18%) (one high-grade dysplasia and one carcinoma) with no gain or low-level gain displayed increased p110alpha protein expression. These data suggest that 3q26 copy number gain and amplification represent early genomic aberrations in HNSCC carcinogenesis. In addition, p110alpha mRNA and protein expression in HNSCC may be regulated by these genomic aberrations as well as by epigenetic events.
Mechanism of keyhole formation and stability in stationary laser welding (2002)

The formation and stability of stationary laser weld keyholes are investigated using a numerical simulation. The effect of multiple reflections in the keyhole is estimated using the ray tracing method, and the free surface profile, flow velocity and temperature distribution are calculated numerically. In the simulation, the keyhole is formed by the displacement of the melt induced by evaporation recoil pressure, while surface tension and hydrostatic pressure oppose cavity formation. A transition mode having the geometry of the conduction mode with keyhole formation occurs between the conduction and keyhole modes. At laser powers of 500 W and greater, the protrusion occurs on the keyhole wall, which results in keyhole collapse and void formation at the bottom. Initiation of the protrusion is caused mainly by collision of upward and downward flows due to the pressure components, and Marangoni flow has minor effects on the flow patterns and keyhole stability.
Randomized Trial of Long-Acting Sustained-Release Naltrexone Implant vs Oral Naltrexone or Placebo for Preventing Relapse to Opioid Dependence (2012)

CONTEXT Sustained-release naltrexone implants may improve outcomes of nonagonist treatment of opioid addiction. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of naltrexone implants, oral naltrexone hydrochloride, and nonmedication treatment. DESIGN Six-month double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trial. SETTING Addiction treatment programs in St Petersburg, Russia. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred six opioid-addicted patients recently undergoing detoxification. INTERVENTIONS Biweekly counseling and 1 of the following 3 treatments for 24 weeks: (1) 1000-mg naltrexone implant and oral placebo (NI+OP group; 102 patients); (2) placebo implant and 50-mg oral naltrexone hydrochloride (PI+ON group; 102 patients); or (3) placebo implant and oral placebo (PI+OP group; 102 patients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Percentage of patients retained in treatment without relapse. RESULTS By month 6, 54 of 102 patients in the NI+OP group (52.9%) remained in treatment without relapse compared with 16 of 102 patients in the PI+ON group (15.7%) (survival analysis, log-rank test, P < .001) and 11 of 102 patients in the PI+OP group (10.8%) (P < .001). The PI+ON vs PI+OP comparison showed a nonsignificant trend favoring the PI+ON group (P = .07). Counting missing test results as positive, the proportion of urine screening tests yielding negative results for opiates was 63.6% (95% CI, 60%-66%) for the NI+OP group; 42.7% (40%-45%) for the PI+ON group; and 34.1% (32%-37%) for the PI+OP group (P < .001, Fisher exact test, compared with the NI+OP group). Twelve wound infections occurred among 244 implantations (4.9%) in the NI+OP group, 2 among 181 (1.1%) in the PI+ON group, and 1 among 148 (0.7%) in the PI+OP group (P = .02). All events were in the first 2 weeks after implantation and resolved with antibiotic therapy. Four local-site reactions (redness and swelling) occurred in the second month after implantation in the NI+OP group (P = .12), and all resolved with antiallergy medication treatment. Other nonlocal-site adverse effects were reported in 8 of 886 visits (0.9%) in the NI+OP group, 4 of 522 visits (0.8%) in the PI+ON group, and 3 of 394 visits (0.8%) in the PI+ON group; all resolved and none were serious. No evidence of increased deaths from overdose after naltrexone treatment ended was found. CONCLUSIONS The implant is more effective than oral naltrexone or placebo. More patients in the NI+OP than in the other groups develop wound infections or local irritation, but none are serious and all resolve with treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678418.
icXML: Accelerating a Commercial XML Parser Using SIMD and Multicore Technologies (2013)

Prior research on the acceleration of XML processing using single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) and multi-core parallelism has lead to a number of interesting research prototypes. This work is the first to investigate to the extent to which the techniques underlying these prototypes could result in systematic performance benefits when fully integrated into a commercial XML parser The widely used Xerces-C++ parser of the Apache Software Foundation was chosen as the foundation for the study. A systematic restructuring of the parser was undertaken, while maintaining the existing API for application programmers. Using SIMD techniques alone, an increase in parsing speed of at least 50% was observed in a range of applications. When coupled with pipeline parallelism on dual core processors, improvements of 2x and beyond were realized. icXML is intended as an important industrial contribution in its own right as well as an important case study for the underlying Parabix parallel processing framework. Based on the success of the icXML development, there is a strong case for continued development of that framework as well as for the application of that framework to other important XML technology stacks. An important area for further work is the extension of Parabix technology to accelerate Java-based implementations as well as ones based on C/C++.
A Type II Arabinogalactan from<i>Anoectochilus formosanus</i>for G-CSF Production in Macrophages and Leukopenia Improvement in CT26-Bearing Mice Treated with 5-Fluorouracil (2013)

Anoectochilus formosanus is an herb well known in Asian countries. The polysaccharide isolated from A. formosanus consists of type II arabinogalactan (AGAF), with branched 3,6-Gal as the major moiety. In this study, AGAF was examined for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and related protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The signaling pathway of G-CSF production involves AGAF and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors and pattern-recognition receptor antibodies. AGAF was evaluated to ease the leukopenia in CT26-colon-cancer-bearing mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of this study showed that AGAF was a stimulant for Toll-like receptor 2 and Dectin-1 and that it induced G-CSF production, through p38 and ERK MAPK, and NF- κ B pathways. In vivo examination showed that the oral administration of AGAF mitigated the side effects of leukopenia caused by 5-FU in colon-cancer-bearing mice. In conclusion, the botanic type II AGAF in this study was a potent G-CSF inducer in vivo and in vitro.
Direct metalation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (1969)

Abstract Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (I) was metalated with butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran and with the N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine complex of butyllithium in a variety of solvents. In these cases, metalation occurred at both the ring and side chain positions, the former being preferred initially. Subsequently, there was an isomerization in favor of the side chain. magnified image At 25°C, there is no significant amount of polymer scission or crosslinking during metalation, but some crosslinking occurs on derivatizing with dimethyl sulfate and trimethylchlorosilane for high extents of ring metalation. With sodium and potassium alkyls, only side‐chain metalation was observed. The metalated polymer reacts as a typical organometallic, allowing polymer modification by a wide variety of reactions.
Node-Pore Sensing Enables Label-Free Surface-Marker Profiling of Single Cells (2015)

Flow cytometry is a ubiquitous, multiparametric method for characterizing cellular populations. However, this method can grow increasingly complex with the number of proteins that need to be screened simultaneously: spectral emission overlap of fluorophores and the subsequent need for compensation, lengthy sample preparation, and multiple control tests that need to be performed separately must all be considered. These factors lead to increased costs, and consequently, flow cytometry is performed in core facilities with a dedicated technician operating the instrument. Here, we describe a low-cost, label-free microfluidic method that can determine the phenotypic profiles of single cells. Our method employs Node-Pore Sensing to measure the transit times of cells as they interact with a series of different antibodies, each corresponding to a specific cell-surface antigen, that have been functionalized in a single microfluidic channel. We demonstrate the capabilities of our method not only by screening two acute promyelocytic leukemia human cells lines (NB4 and AP-1060) for myeloid antigens, CD13, CD14, CD15, and CD33, simultaneously, but also by distinguishing a mixture of cells of similar size—AP-1060 and NALM-1—based on surface markers CD13 and HLA-DR. Furthermore, we show that our method can screen complex subpopulations in clinical samples: we successfully identified the blast population in primary human bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and screened these cells for CD13, CD34, and HLA-DR. We show that our label-free method is an affordable, highly sensitive, and user-friendly technology that has the potential to transform cellular screening at the benchside.
A Secure and Practical Electronic Voting Scheme for Real World Environments (1997)

this paper, we propose a practical and secure electronic voting scheme which meets the requirements of large scale general elections. This scheme involves voters, the administrator or so called the government and some scrutineers. In our scheme, a voter only has to communicate with the administrator three times and it ensures independence among voters without the need of any global computation. This scheme uses the threshold cryptosystem to guarantee the fairness among the candidate&apos;s campaign and to provide mechanism for achieving the function that any voter can make an open objection to the tally if his vote has not been published. This scheme preserves the privacy of a voter against the administrator, scrutineers, and other voters. Completeness, robustness, and verifiability of the voting process are ensured and hence no one can produce a false tally, corrupt or disrupt the election.
Chlorhexidine: Expanding the Armamentarium for Infection Control and Prevention (2007)

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) result in increased patient morbidity and utilization of health care resources. Rates of HAI are increasing despite advances in health care technology. Limited antimicrobial agents and a dry drug pipeline make novel prevention efforts critical. Chlorhexidine, an antiseptic solution that has been used worldwide since the 1950s, is a safe and effective product with broad antiseptic activity. Novel uses of chlorhexidine-containing products are being implemented to promote antisepsis and prevent bacterial colonization and infection. We review some of the many infection control applications of chlorhexidine in the battle against HAI, such as general skin cleansing, skin decolonization, preoperative showering and bathing, vascular catheter site preparation, impregnated catheter site dressings, impregnated catheters, and oral decontamination. As mandatory public reporting and pay for performance force infection control issues to the forefront, chlorhexidine-containing products may provide a vast armamentarium for the control and prevention of HAI.
Modeling Tumor-Associated Edema in Gliomas during Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Its Impact on Imageable Tumor (2013)

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor, is predominantly assessed with gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1Gd) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pixel intensity enhancement on the T1Gd image is understood to correspond to the gadolinium contrast agent leaking from the tumor-induced neovasculature, while hyperintensity on the T2/FLAIR images corresponds with edema and infiltrated tumor cells. None of these modalities directly show tumor cells; rather, they capture abnormalities in the microenvironment caused by the presence of tumor cells. Thus, assessing disease response after treatments impacting the microenvironment remains challenging through the obscuring lens of MR imaging. Anti-angiogenic therapies have been used in the treatment of gliomas with spurious results ranging from no apparent response to significant imaging improvement with the potential for extremely diffuse patterns of tumor recurrence on imaging and autopsy. Anti-angiogenic treatment normalizes the vasculature, effectively decreasing vessel permeability and thus reducing tumor-induced edema, drastically altering T2-weighted MRI. We extend a previously developed mathematical model of glioma growth to explicitly incorporate edema formation allowing us to directly characterize and potentially predict the effects of anti-angiogenics on imageable tumor growth. A comparison of simulated glioma growth and imaging enhancement with and without bevacizumab supports the current understanding that anti-angiogenic treatment can serve as a surrogate for steroids and the clinically driven hypothesis that anti-angiogenic treatment may not have any significant effect on the growth dynamics of the overall tumor cell populations. However, the simulations do illustrate a potentially large impact on the level of edematous extracellular fluid, and thus on what would be imageable on T2/FLAIR MR. Additionally, by evaluating virtual tumors with varying growth kinetics, we see tumors with lower proliferation rates will have the most reduction in swelling from such treatments.
An economical method to extract chondroitin sulphate-peptide from bovine nasal cartilage (2000)

Nakano, T., Ikawa, N. and Ozimek, L. 2000. An economical method to extract chondroitin sulphate-peptide from bovine nasal cartilage. Can. Agric. Eng. 42:205-208. Utilization of animal by­ products by extracting useful material is ofeconomic importance in the livestock industry. This report describes a simple low cost procedure to release chondroitin sulphate (CS) from bovine nasal cartilage without introducing any chemicals except acetic acid used for pH adjustment. More than 70% of total CS in nasal cartilage can be released as CS-peptide by incubation in water at pH 4.5 and 37°C. This is likely the most economical method currently available to extract CS from cartilage. Endogenous proteinases are probably involved in the release ofCS. The extract is boiled and dried at 90°C to obtain a crude CS preparation. The purity of CS can be improved approximately 1.4 fold by anion-exchange chromatography. This information may contribute to the development of a low cost method of preparation of CS for commercial purposes.