gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In situ</i> SERS study of the adsorption of inhibitors of carbon dioxide corrosion (2003)

Abstract A specially designed electrochemical cell incorporating a rotating disc electrode has been used for in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies of the adsorption of inhibitors of carbon dioxide corrosion onto silver‐coated mild steel electrodes. It is shown that SERS‐active inhibitors comprising aromatic moieties may be detected using the SERS technique. Furthermore, the efficacy of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors employed in the present study is optimal near the open cell or corrosion potential, demonstrating that electrode polarization induces electrostatic forces of repulsion that retard the adsorption of the inhibitor to the corroding steel surface. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Anaerobic Removal and Degradation of Organic Chlorine from Kraft Bleaching Wastewaters (1991)

A study of anaerobic removal of adsorbable organic halide (AOX) from kraft bleaching wastes has been conducted, using bottle bioassay techniques. The anaerobic cultures were fed either acetate or hydrogen and were able to remove from 40 to 65% of the AOX. The removal mechanism and the role of an adapted anaerobic consortium has been investigated with results indicating some biological removal, but significant amounts of sorption or degradation that does not seem to require microbial activity. Significant inhibition of methanogenic activity has also been found in some of the tests.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of insulin-dependent diabetic patients respond to multiple islet cell proteins (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells mediated predominantly by cellular effector mechanisms. To date, investigators have studied a limited number of islet cell proteins stimulatory to T cells. However, before development of clinical IDDM, the majority of the beta cells are impaired or destroyed. Thus, numerous proteins from lysed beta cells would be accessible to the immune system of the patient. Our goal was to investigate the PBMC reactivity of IDDM patients to the full spectrum of fractionated human pancreatic islet cell proteins to determine whether numerous islet cell proteins or a select few would be recognized. We observed that PBMCs from IDDM patients responded reproducibly (mean stimulation index, >2.0) to the proteins in all m.w. regions, whereas the mean stimulation index for controls from all m.w. regions was <2.0. Using three different islet protein preparations, PBMC responses of IDDM patients (n = 30) and controls (n = 39) to the islet cell proteins were significantly different. Dose responses were also demonstrated for the lymphocyte reactivity of the IDDM patients (n = 29) vs controls (n = 56) to the islet cell preparations. Proteins, presumably irrelevant to the IDDM disease process, from a human osteosarcoma cell line and normal human spleen cells did not stimulate PBMCs from IDDM patients or controls. Moreover, IDDM patients and controls responded similarly to mitogens and tetanus toxoid. These studies show that at the time of diagnosis of IDDM, PBMCs from IDDM patients are stimulated by a wide array of islet cell proteins.
Terminal phase of cytokinesis in D-98S cells (1977)

The events leading to the completion of cytokinesis after the formation of the midbody and intercellular bridge in D-98S cells were studied with light and electron microscopy. Pairs of daughter cells corresponding to different stages of cytokineses, as determined previously form time lapse films, were selected from embedded monolayers for serial sectioning. Separation of daughter cells is preceded by the reduction in diameter of the intercellular bridge from 1-1.5 mum to approx. 0.2 mum. Two processes contribute to this reduction: (a) The intercellular bridge becomes gradually thinner after telophase; a progressive breakdown of midbody structures accompanies this change; and (b) the more significant contribution to reduction in bridge diameter occurs through the localized constriction of a segment of the intercellular bridge.. The microtubules within the constricted portion of the bridge are forced closer together, and some microtubules disappear as this narrowing progresses. The plasma membrane over the narrowed segments is thrown into a series of wavelike ripples. Separation of daughter cells is achieved through movements of the cells which stretch and break the diameter-reduced bridge. The midbody is discarded after separation and begins to deteriorate. Occasional pairs of daughter cells were found in which incomplete karyokineses resulted in their nuclei being connected by a strand of nuclear material traversing the bridge and midbody. Such cells do not complete cytokinesis but merge together several hours after telophase. This merging of daughter cells coincides with the nearly complete breakdown of the midbody.
Nuclear Factor‐κB Mediates the Cell Survival‐Promoting Action of Activity‐Dependent Neurotrophic Factor Peptide‐9 (2000)

Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) is produced by astrocytes in response to neuronal depolarization and, in turn, promotes neuronal survival. A nineamino acid ADNF peptide (ADNF9) exhibits full neurotrophic activity and potently protects cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons from oxidative injury and apoptosis. Picomolar concentrations of ADNF9 induced an increase in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity within 1 h of exposure, with a maximum increase of approximately 10-fold by 6 h. Activation of NF-kappaB was correlated with increased resistance of neurons to apoptosis induced by exposure to Fe(2+). The antiapoptotic action of ADNF9 was abolished when NF-kappaB activation was specifically blocked with kappaB decoy DNA. Oxidative stress was attenuated in neurons pretreated with ADNF9, and this effect of ADNF9 was blocked by kappaB decoy DNA, suggesting that ADNF9 suppresses apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress. ADNF9 also prevented neuronal apoptosis following trophic factor withdrawal via an NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism. Thus, NF-kappaB mediates the neuron survival-promoting effects of ADNF9 in experimental models relevant to developmental neuronal death and neurodegenerative disorders.
SDN implementation of slicing and fast failover in 5G transport networks (2017)

Software-defined networking is at the root of future 5G transport network design. Among others, it allows for automated network reconfiguration and network slicing support. In this paper we present an OpenFlow-based implementation of a control plane area in the transport network architecture envisioned by the 5G-XHaul project. We analyze the implementation of the slicing mechanism at the network edge. Furthermore, we propose a simple low-overhead fast proactive failover scheme for recovering from single link failures, without the delays and packet drops associated with reaching a remote controller entity.
In Vivo Demonstration of Cavitation Potential of a Mechanical Heart Valve (1999)

Cavitation is implicated as the cause of pitting and erosion of explanted mechanical heart valves that failed. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated transient negative pressure spikes upstream of mechanical heart valves at the instant of leaflet closure. When the magnitude of the transient negative pressure spike is below the vapor pressure of the fluid flowing across the mechanical valve, cavitation bubbles have been documented near the valve housing or occluder disc. To test for the presence of transient negative pressure spikes that are conducive to cavitation in vivo, we measured left atrial pressure at the valve orifice after mitral valve replacement. Mitral valves were replaced with 27 mm prostheses in 10 goats (50-60 kg). Control animals (Group 1, n = 5) received pericardial valves. Study animals (Group 2, n = 5) received bileaflet pyrolytic carbon valves. Pressure was recorded from a high frequency atrial transducer at hyperdynamic and hypodynamic states. Transient negative pressure spikes did not occur in any Group 1 animal. Transient negative pressure spikes below the vapor pressure of blood (-713 mm Hg) were recorded in four of five Group 2 animals at the hyperdynamic state: -900, -950, -800, -400, and -1,400 mm Hg (p = 0.048 Group 1 versus Group 2, Fisher's exact test). No cavitation potential exists in vivo after bioprosthetic valve implantation. Transient negative pressure spikes below the vapor pressure of blood occur in vivo at hyperdynamic physiologic states when this bileaflet pyrolytic carbon valve is implanted in the mitral position. These studies demonstrate the potential for cavitation with implanted mechanical valves in vivo.
Speech Recognition based on Template Matching and Phone Posterior Probabilities (2007)

Given the large amount of training data currently available, automatic speech recognition systems recently started considering the possibility of performing recognition simply by doing template matching, and keeping all training utterances as reference templates (TM).Investigations to improve the performance of the TM approach have been focused in increasing the number of templates in order to augment generalization properties.Unfortunately this strategy cannot be applied when there are only a few samples for each word and when a pronunciation dictionary is not available.Recently, another approach, using phoneme posterior probabilities features instead of spectral-based features such as MFCC and PLP, has been shown particularly efficient.Due to the reduction of undesirable variability at the frame level with posteriors, less templates are required to identify a word.Moreover the MLP used to estimate these posterior features can be trained using information contained in large speech corpora to capture as much speech variation as possible.The present project further evaluates such an approach by implementing a realtime demonstrator.
Oligosilsesquioxane<sub>8</sub>‐OSS‐Ethyldiphenylphosphine: A New Functional Oligosilsesquioxane Ligand (1997)

Abstract Oligosilsesquioxanes (OSS) may be considered as molecular sections of silica. The incompletely condensed (cy‐clopentyl) 7 T 7 (OH) 3 (T = SiO 3/2 ) has been used to generate a phosphine‐functionalized T 8 ‐OSS system by reaction with 2‐(trichlorosilyl)diphenylphosphinoethane. The resulting model molecule (cyclopentyl) 7 T 8 (CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ( 1 ) is well suited to coordinate to transition metal clusters via the phosphorous atom. We selected the tetrahedral bimetallic cluster [HFeCo 3 ‐(CO) 12 ]. Depending on the stoichiometry, one or two phosphine ligands could be added to the cobalt atoms, with substitution of CO molecules. Owing to the cyclopentyl substituents, the resulting complexes [HFeCo 3 (CO) 11 {Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 T 8 ‐(cyclopentyl) 7 }] ( 2 ) and [HFeCo 3 ‐(CO) 10 {Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 T 8 (cyclopentyl) 7 } 2 ] ( 3 ) are soluble in numerous organic solvents. Therefore, they could be completely characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 29 Si, and 31 P NMR spectroscopy.
Is the Breadth of Individualized Ranges of Optimal Anxiety (IZOF) Equal for all Athletes? A Graphical Method for Establishing IZOF (2001)

Recall and direct methods to determine the individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) cannot account for potential individual differences in the span of optimal anxiety. Accordingly, an attempt was made to test a graphical technique that could establish the span of optimal anxiety ranges for individuals. State anxiety (STAI; Spielberger, Gorusch, & Lushene, 1970; and CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was assessed before competitions (10 to 20) in six Spanish golfers during a season. Performance in each match was determined using golf scores and self-ratings. Optimal anxiety ranges were established graphically by plotting individual scores of precompetition anxiety against individual performance values. Optimal ranges were also determined using Hanin's (1986, 1989) direct and recall methods. The efficacy of each method was contrasted by comparing performance between cases in which the golfers possessed optimal or non-optimal anxiety according to each method. More of the golfers performed better when competing within an IZOF established with the graphic procedures than with the other methods.
Third-generation <i>in situ</i> hybridization chain reaction: multiplexed, quantitative, sensitive, versatile, robust (2018)

<i>In situ</i> hybridization based on the mechanism of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has addressed multi-decade challenges that impeded imaging of mRNA expression in diverse organisms, offering a unique combination of multiplexing, quantitation, sensitivity, resolution and versatility. Here, with third-generation <i>in situ</i> HCR, we augment these capabilities using probes and amplifiers that combine to provide automatic background suppression throughout the protocol, ensuring that reagents will not generate amplified background even if they bind non-specifically within the sample. Automatic background suppression dramatically enhances performance and robustness, combining the benefits of a higher signal-to-background ratio with the convenience of using unoptimized probe sets for new targets and organisms. <i>In situ</i> HCR v3.0 enables three multiplexed quantitative analysis modes: (1) qHCR imaging - analog mRNA relative quantitation with subcellular resolution in the anatomical context of whole-mount vertebrate embryos; (2) qHCR flow cytometry - analog mRNA relative quantitation for high-throughput expression profiling of mammalian and bacterial cells; and (3) dHCR imaging - digital mRNA absolute quantitation via single-molecule imaging in thick autofluorescent samples.
Robust speech recognition from ratio masks (2016)

Robustness against noise is crucial for automatic speech recognition systems in real-world environments. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that performs robust ASR by directly recognizing ratio masks. In the proposed approach, a deep neural network (DNN) is first trained to estimate the ideal ratio mask (IRM) from a noisy utterance and then a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to recognize estimated IRMs. The proposed approach has been evaluated on the TIDigits corpus, and the results demonstrate that direct recognition of ratio masks outperforms direct recognition of binary masks and traditional MMSE-HMM based method for robust ASR.
RISE - Co-S : high performance sensor storage and Co-processing architecture (2005)

Low power, high performance sensor designs are of particular importance nowadays considering the plethora of emerging applications in a wide range of fields. Applications such as audio capture, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), image sensing, motion detection, feature extraction and cepstrum calculations generate raw data in much larger quantity than more mundane applications as temperature and humidity sensing. In-situ processing of data is an effective way to reduce the amount of information needed to be transmitted over the wireless links. The Co-S platform which we develop addresses this very crucial aspect of sensor network design. The Co-S integrated with a System on Chip (SoC) based host platform and a gigabyte scale energy efficient data storage system, simultaneously satisfies the constraints of low power consumption and a small form factor. As opposed to the Sense-and-Send approach which simply entails transmission of raw sensory data from the nodes, the proposed Sense-and-Store paradigm, builds upon the availability of the low power flash memories for storage of sensed data along with key query results (max, min, average, extracted harmonics) for transmission through the network. This approach not only reduces energy consumption (typically two orders of magnitude), of the sensing node in question, but also intuitively reduces network traffic load vis-a-vis complete deployment scenario.
Value of information in dam remediation decision-making (2002)

The process of improving the safety of existing dams involves design, cost, construction, and reliability considerations. Often, several possible remedial actions are available. For the purpose of selecting the optimal remedial action, complete knowledge about the pertinent parameters, i.e. those parameters affecting the decision, is needed. Unfortunately, such a complete knowledge is seldom available, as natural and parameter uncertainty is always present. Thus, a certain degree of risk is virtually unavoidable in any decision. This paper presents a methodological approach using decision theory, for deriving the optimal dam safety improvement measure. Of particular interest is the value of perfect information about specific parameters which affect the expected performance of different decisions. The computation of this value allows the allocation of resources for the enhancement of the expected outcome of the optimal remediation measure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Tunable Acoustooptic Filters And Their Applications To Spectroscopy</title> (1976)

Acoustically tunable narrow band optical filters are based on the phase-matched interaction of light and sound in certain crystals. With such filters, scanning in wavelength and adjustment of bandwidth can be done completely electronically, without mechanical devices. Such an approach can lead to reductions in instrument size and complexity, and facilitate incorporation of the spectrometer into computer-controlled systems. Some advantages over mechanical systems include rapid scanning, multiwavelength sampling, and fast, random access to spectral regions of interest. We review the basic interaction phenomena involved in the process. Parameters such as required acoustic power densities, bandwidths and angular apertures attainable, and the trade-offs among them are discussed. Acoustooptic filters based on presently available materials can now cover the visible and mid-infrared spectral regions. We describe the details of such systems, with emphasis on our own work in the mid-infrared. The potential of such filters for application in rapid scanning, random access and imaging spectroscopy is also discussed.
Chemistry and Molecular Biology in the Search for New LHRH Antagonists (1997)

Abstract Hormones—and in particular, the sex hormones—were the first growth factors discovered to be involuntary helpers of cancer. Female breast cancer and male prostate cancer are the best known examples of tumors acknowledged to be hormone‐dependent. A look at cancer statistics shows that breast cancer is still the most frequent cancer in women; in men, prostate cancer plays a similarly dominant role with increasing age. Shutting down the main production site of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone either by removing the ovaries or by castration is a well‐known and often effective therapy; however, these procedures can be problematic due to the concomittant psychological stress. Modern hormone therapy for advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer attempts to spare the patient such irreversible operative procedures for as long as possible, by using hormone antagonists, such as the LHRH antagonists, which hinder deployment of the hormone itself and thus its growth‐promoting activity.
Efficacy of Murine Malaria Sporozoite Vaccines: Implications for Human Vaccine Development (1987)

As part of a study of potential vaccines against malaria, the protective efficacy of sporozoite subunit vaccines was determined by using the Plasmodium berghei murine malaria model. Mice were immunized with recombinant DNA-produced or synthetic peptide-carrier subunit vaccines derived from the repetitive epitopes of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite gene, or with radiation-attenuated sporozoites. Immunization with subunit vaccines elicited humoral responses that were equivalent to or greater than those elicited by irradiated sporozoites, yet the protection against sporozoite challenge induced by either of the subunit vaccines was far less than that achieved by immunization with attenuated sporozoites. Passive and adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that subunit vaccines elicited predominantly antibody-mediated protection that was easily overcome whereas irradiated sporozoites induced potent cell-mediated immunity that protected against high challenge doses of sporozoites. These studies indicate that new strategies designed to induce cellular immunity will be required for efficacious sporozoite vaccines.
Pulmonary drug delivery: Implication for new strategy for pharmacotherapy for neurodegenerative disorders. (2008)

Innovative drug delivery in the treatment of brain neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has the potential to avoid many unwanted side effects over current medications. Advances in understanding of these diseases and their treatments have led to the search for novel modes of drug delivery. In this review, we have highlighted new strategies and future prospects for pulmonary delivery of drugs for the management of these important neurological disorders. The advancement of knowledge on pulmonary drug delivery will provide novel therapeutic formulations for better management of the PD and AD patients throughout the world.
Effect of Polygodial on the Mitochondrial ATPase of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

The fungicidal mechanism of a naturally occurring sesquiterpene dialdehyde, polygodial, was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In an acidification assay, polygodial completely suppressed the glucose-induced decrease in external pH at 3.13 microgram/ml, the same as the fungicidal concentration. Acidification occurs primarily through the proton-pumping action of the plasma membrane ATPase, Pma1p. Surprisingly, this ATPase was not directly inhibited by polygodial. In contrast, the two other membrane-bound ATPases in yeast were found to be susceptible to the compound. The mitochondrial ATPase was inhibited by polygodial in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations similar to the fungicidal concentration, whereas the vacuolar ATPase was only slightly inhibited. Cytoplasmic petite mutants, which lack mitochondrial DNA and are respiration deficient, were significantly less susceptible to polygodial than the wild type, as was shown in time-kill curves. A pet9 mutant which lacks a functional ADP-ATP translocator and is therefore respiration dependent was rapidly inhibited by polygodial. The results of these susceptibility assays link enzyme inhibition to physiological effect. Previous studies have reported that plasma membrane disruption is the mechanism of polygodial-induced cell death; however, these results support a more complex picture of its effect. A major target of polygodial in yeast is mitochondrial ATP synthase. Reduction of the ATP supply leads to a suppression of Pma1 ATPase activity and impairs adaptive responses to other facets of polygodial's cellular inhibition.
Optical compensation of super twisted nematic LCD applied by polymer retardation film (2003)

A method developed to obtain black-and-white graphics in super-twist nematic (STN) liquid-crystal displays. The method uses achromatic polymer layer attached to an STN panel to neutralize colours caused by birefringence of the STN. This optical colour compensation technology has been called retardation control by film.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>