gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System-on-Chip Test Architectures: Nanometer Design for Testability (2007)

Modern electronics testing has a legacy of more than 40 years. The introduction of new technologies, especially nanometer technologies with 90nm or smaller geometry, has allowed the semiconductor industry to keep pace with the increased performance-capacity demands from consumers. As a result, semiconductor test costs have been growing steadily and typically amount to 40% of today's overall product cost. 

This book is a comprehensive guide to new VLSI Testing and Design-for-Testability techniques that will allow students, researchers, DFT practitioners, and VLSI designers to master quickly System-on-Chip Test architectures, for test debug and diagnosis of digital, memory, and analog/mixed-signal designs.

KEY FEATURES
* Emphasizes VLSI Test principles and Design for Testability architectures, with numerous illustrations/examples.
* Most up-to-date coverage available, including Fault Tolerance, Low-Power Testing, Defect and Error Tolerance, Network-on-Chip (NOC) Testing, Software-Based Self-Testing, FPGA Testing, MEMS Testing, and System-In-Package (SIP) Testing, which are not yet available in any testing book.
* Covers the entire spectrum of VLSI testing and DFT architectures, from digital and analog, to memory circuits, and fault diagnosis and self-repair from digital to memory circuits.
* Discusses future nanotechnology test trends and challenges facing the nanometer design era; promising nanotechnology test techniques, including Quantum-Dots, Cellular Automata, Carbon-Nanotubes, and Hybrid Semiconductor/Nanowire/Molecular Computing.
* Practical problems at the end of each chapter for students.
Complexes With Biologically Active Ligands. Part 10<sup>1</sup> Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes I and II With Metal Complexes of Imidazo[2, 1 − <i>b</i>]‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐2‐Sulfonamide (1997)

The title compound was prepared by an improved variant of the literature procedure, and metal complexes containing its anion and the following metal ions: Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), V(IV), Fe(III) and Ag(I) were synthesized and characterized by standard procedures (elemental analysis; IR, electronic, NMR and EPR spectroscopy; TG, magnetic and conductimetric measurements). The parent sulfonamide and its metal complexes are potent inhibitors of two carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, CA I and II, and they might possess applications as selective cerebrovasodilating agents.
Production of a new type of nanosilica - olivine nano-silica - and its application in concrete (2013)

Text in Russian. - In this paper the application of a new nano-silica in concrete is studied. This nano-silica is produced by the dissolution of olivine. The production of nano-silica by the olivine route is a cheaper method than the commercial methods neutralization of sodium silicate solutions and the flame hydrolysis) because of the low cost of raw materials and the low energy requirements. The produced nano-silica has a specific surface area between 100—400 m2/g, primary particles between 10 to 25 nm (agglomerated in clusters), and an SiO2 content above 95 %. In addition, the pozzolanic properties and the dispersion state of the nano-silica were studied. From these results it is concluded that olivine nano-silica can be applied successfully in concrete because of its high pozzolanic activity.
Suppression of cortisol responses to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and the occurrence of side effects attributable to glucocorticoid excess, in cats during therapy with megestrol acetate and prednisolone. (1987)

The major purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of prednisolone and megestrol acetate in cats on the adrenal cortisol response to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone during drug administration at dose rates employed for management of some inflammatory feline dermatoses. Prednisolone (at least 2 mg/kg/day) and megestrol acetate (5 mg/cat/day) were each administered orally to seven cats from days 1 to 16. Three additional cats received no therapy. Basal and stimulated cortisol concentrations, food and water intake, hematology, blood biochemistry, urinalyses, and hepatic and cutaneous histology were studied in all cats before, during, and two weeks following the end of treatment. Cats given prednisolone or megestrol acetate had significant suppression of stimulated cortisol levels on day 8. This change was more marked on day 15, when the suppression in cats given megestrol acetate was also significantly more severe than in those receiving prednisolone. Recovery of adrenal reserve was considered present on day 30 in six of seven cats given prednisolone, but in only three of seven receiving megestrol acetate. Eosinopenia, glycosuria and hepatocyte swelling from glycogen deposition were occasionally recorded in treated cats of both groups, providing additional circumstantial evidence for glucocorticoid activity of megestrol acetate in cats. It is advised that abrupt withdrawal of prednisolone or megestrol acetate therapy be avoided in this species to reduce the chance of precipitating clinical signs of hypoadrenocorticism, even after treatment for as little as one week.
Regioselectivity in cycloaddition reactions on solid phases (1980)

A 1% crosslinked divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer, incorporating benzyl acrylate groups, reacted in normal Diels–Alder reactions with E-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene or methyl E-2,4-pentadienoate to give their respective polymer-bound benzyl cyclohexenecarboxylates. Polymer-bound benzyl propiolate and polymer-bound benzyl phenylpropiolate reacted with benzonitrile oxide in a typical 1,3-dipolar addition reaction to give their respective polymer-bound isoxazoles. Cleavage of the polymer-bound Diels–Alder adducts and the polymer-bound 1,3-dipolar addition adduct derived from polymer-bound benzyl propiolate gave mixtures of ortho and meta regiomers similar to those produced in analogous reactions in solution. Cleavage of the polymer-bound 1,3-dipolar addition adduct, derived from polymer-bound benzyl phenylpropiolate, followed by esterification, gave a solitary adduct, 4-carbomethoxy-3,5-diphenylisoxazole, but an analogous solution 1,3-dipolar addition yielded a 1:1 ratio of the two possible regiomers.
Provably-Secure Logic Locking (2017)

Logic locking has been conceived as a promising proactive defense strategy against intellectual property (IP) piracy, counterfeiting, hardware Trojans, reverse engineering, and overbuilding attacks. Yet, various attacks that use a working chip as an oracle have been launched on logic locking to successfully retrieve its secret key, undermining the defense of all existing locking techniques. In this paper, we propose stripped-functionality logic locking (SFLL), which strips some of the functionality of the design and hides it in the form of a secret key(s), thereby rendering on-chip implementation functionally different from the original one. When loaded onto an on-chip memory, the secret keys restore the original functionality of the design. Through security-aware synthesis that creates a controllable mismatch between the reverse-engineered netlist and original design, SFLL provides a quantifiable and provable resilience trade-off between all known and anticipated attacks. We demonstrate the application of SFLL to large designs (>100K gates) using a computer-aided design (CAD) framework that ensures attaining the desired security level at minimal implementation cost, 8%, 5%, and 0.5% for area, power, and delay, respectively. In addition to theoretical proofs and simulation confirmation of SFLL's security, we also report results from the silicon implementation of SFLL on an ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor in 65nm technology.
The Cut-and-Choose Game and Its Application to Cryptographic Protocols (2016)

The cut-and-choose technique plays a fundamental role in cryptographic-protocol design, especially for secure two-party computation in the malicious model. The basic idea is that one party constructs n versions of a message in a protocol (e.g., garbled circuits); the other party randomly checks some of them and uses the rest of them in the protocol. Most existing uses of cut-and-choose fix in advance the number of objects to be checked and in optimizing this parameter they fail to recognize the fact that checking and evaluating may have dramatically different costs. In this paper, we consider a refined cost model and formalize the cut-and-choose parameter selection problem as a constrained optimization problem. We analyze “cut-and-choose games” and show equilibrium strategies for the parties in these games. We then show how our methodology can be applied to improve the efficiency of three representative categories of secure-computation protocols based on cut-and-choose. We show improvements of up to an-order-of-magnitude in terms of bandwidth, and 12–106% in terms of total time. Source code of our game solvers is available to download at https://github.com/cut-n-choose.
On Predicting the Excited-State Properties of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2015)

Limitations imposed by spin statistics governing exciton formation has meant that most efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have relied upon complexes containing heavy metals. This can be overcome by exploiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which has opened the opportunity to design emitters composed only of lighter, more abundant elements. For these complexes, charge-transfer excitations play a central role, meaning that modeling their properties within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is challenging. Herein, two computational approaches to rectify this are explored. First is an analysis based on the overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). This qualitative approach provides a satisfactory and very computationally efficient prediction of the energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states, crucial for TADF. In the second approach, the excited-state properties are explicitly calculated using TD-DFT by optimizing the range separation parameter within range-corrected functionals. This yields quantitative agreement with experimental results and can therefore be used to rationalize the photophysical properties of these complexes.
Internal wideband metal-plate antenna for laptop application (2005)

A novel wideband metal-plate antenna suitable for application as an internal laptop antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) or wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) operation is presented. The antenna is also suitable to be integrated into the supporting metal frame of a laptop-computer display as an integrated antenna. In this study, the proposed antenna can provide a wide operating bandwidth of 3.9 GHz (2.1–6.0 GHz), thus allowing it to easily cover the required bandwidths for WLAN operation in the 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz bands or for WMAN operation adopting the IEEE 802.16e standard in the 2.3–5.85-GHz band. The proposed antenna is studied in detail in this paper, and the experiment and simulation results are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 384–387, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20994
Considerations for design of future cochlear implant electrode arrays: Electrode array stiffness, size, (2008)

The level of hearing rehabilitation enjoyed by cochlear implant (CI) recipients has increased dramatically since the introduction of these devices. This improvement is the result of continual development of these systems and the inclusion of subjects with less severe auditory pathology. Developments include advanced signal processing, higher stimulation rates, greater numbers of channels, and more efficient electrode arrays that are less likely to produce insertion damage. New directions in the application of CIs, particularly in combined acoustic and electrical stimulation, and increasing performance expectations will place greater demands on future electrode arrays. Specifically, the next generation of arrays must be reliably inserted without damage, must maintain residual acoustic function, and may need to be inserted more deeply. In this study, we measured the mechanical properties of eight clinical and prototype human CI electrode arrays and evaluated insertion trauma and insertion depth in 79 implanted cadaver temporal bones. We found that the size and shape of the array directly affect the incidence of observed trauma. Further, arrays with greater stiffness in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the cochlear spiral are less likely to cause severe trauma than arrays with similar vertical and horizontal stiffness.
Possible metabolic intermediates from IAA to .BETA.-acid in rice bran. (1976)

Five new metabolites related to IAA were isolated from aqueous methanol extract of rice bran and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods to be 5-hydroxydioxindole-3-acetic acid (Ia), methyl ester of la (Ib), methyl dioxindole-3-acetate (IIb), methyl 5-hydroxyoxindole-3-acetate (IIIb) and methyl oxindole-3-acetate (IVb), respectively. The presence of these metabolites which are likely to be intermediates of oxidation of IAA to β-acid suggests such oxidation pathway operating in rice seed.
Partial Characterization of an Enzyme Fraction with Protease Activity Which Converts the Spore Peptidoglycan Hydrolase (SleC) Precursor to an Active Enzyme during Germination of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> S40 Spores and Analysis of a Gene Cluster Involved in the Activity (2001)

A spore cortex-lytic enzyme of Clostridium perfringens S40 which is encoded by sleC is synthesized at an early stage of sporulation as a precursor consisting of four domains. After cleavage of an N-terminal presequence and a C-terminal prosequence during spore maturation, inactive proenzyme is converted to active enzyme by processing of an N-terminal prosequence with germination-specific protease (GSP) during germination. The present study was undertaken to characterize GSP. In the presence of 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), a nondenaturing detergent which was needed for the stabilization of GSP, GSP activity was extracted from germinated spores. The enzyme fraction, which was purified to 668-fold by column chromatography, contained three protein components with molecular masses of 60, 57, and 52 kDa. The protease showed optimum activity at pH 5.8 to 8.5 in the presence of 0.1% CHAPS and retained activity after heat treatment at 55 degrees C for 40 min. GSP specifically cleaved the peptide bond between Val-149 and Val-150 of SleC to generate mature enzyme. Inactivation of GSP by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and HgCl(2) indicated that the protease is a cysteine-dependent serine protease. Several pieces of evidence demonstrated that three protein components of the enzyme fraction are processed forms of products of cspA, cspB, and cspC, which are positioned in a tandem array just upstream of the 5' end of sleC. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the csp genes showed significant similarity and showed a high degree of homology with those of the catalytic domain and the oxyanion binding region of subtilisin-like serine proteases. Immunochemical studies suggested that active GSP likely is localized with major cortex-lytic enzymes on the exterior of the cortex layer in the dormant spore, a location relevant to the pursuit of a cascade of cortex hydrolytic reactions.
Effects of <i>Antrodia camphorata</i> and <i>Panax ginseng</i> supplementation on anti-fatigue properties in mice (2017)

Antrodia camphorata and Panax ginseng are well-known medicinal plants in Taiwan folk and traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported for multifunctional bioactivities. However, there is limited evidence that a fixed combination formula of these two plant extracts is effective for the exercise improvement or anti-fatigue. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of the mix formulation of these two herbal medicines (AG formulation) on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice from four groups (n=10 per group) were orally administered AG formulation for 4 weeks at 0.984, 2.952 and 5.904 g/kg/day, which were designated the Vehicle, AG-1X, AG-3X and AG-6X groups, respectively. The anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated using exhaustive swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine kinase (CK) after a swimming exercise. The exhaustive swimming time of the 1X, 3X or 6X AG group was significantly longer than that of the Vehicle group, and the forelimb grip strength of the 1X, 3X or 6X AG group was also significantly higher than that of the Vehicle group. AG supplementation also produced decreases in serum lactate, ammonia, BUN and CK activity after the swimming test, as well as increases in glucose. Therefore, the AG complex could be a potential formulation with an anti-fatigue pharmacological effect.
Isomerization and Deuterium Scrambling Evidence for a Change in the Rate-Limiting Step during Imine Hydrogenation by Shvo's Hydroxycyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Hydride (2005)

Hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride 5 efficiently reduces imines below room temperature. Better donor substituents on nitrogen give rise to faster rates and a shift of the rate-determining step from hydrogen transfer to amine coordination. Reduction of electron-deficient N-benzilidenepentafluoroaniline (8) at 11 degrees C resulted in free amine and kinetic isotope effects of k(OH)/k(OD) = 1.61 +/- 0.08, k(RuH)/k(RuD) = 2.05 +/- 0.08, and k(RuHOH)/k(RuDOD) = 3.32 +/- 0.14, indicative of rate-limiting concerted hydrogen transfer, a mechanism analogous to that proposed for aldehyde and ketone reduction. Reduction of electron-rich N-alkyl-substituted imine, N-isopropyl-(4-methyl)benzilidene amine (9), was accompanied by facile imine isomerization and scrambling of deuterium labels from reduction with 5-RuDOH into the N-alkyl substituent of both the amine complex and into the recovered imine. Inverse equilibrium isotope effects were observed in the reduction of N-benzilidene-tert-butylamine (11) at -48 degrees C (k(OH)/k(OD) = 0.89 +/- 0.06, k(RuH)/k(RuD) = 0.64 +/- 0.05, and k(RuHOH)/k(RuDOD) = 0.56 +/- 0.05). These results are consistent with a mechanism involving reversible hydrogen transfer followed by rate-limiting amine coordination.
Applications for Compact Portable Pulsed Power: Rocket Science, Cancer Therapy, and the Movies (2006)

This paper discusses aspects of a review presented in plenary session to the 26th Power Modulator Conference, May 2006, in Washington B.C. The goal was to present results from a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative that focused on research into compact portable pulsed power, and to toss out a few ideas, looking ahead. The MURI was led by USC, with collaborators from the Univ. Missouri (Columbia) and Texas Tech University. The Conference was kind enough to encourage a presentation, after something rather similar, that is, a discussion of new applications and research issues for power modulators, presented to the conference 10 years ago (when it was called the Power Modulator Symposium). Hopefully, the results below will show some advancement in the numbers and diversity of applications reported a decade ago
Enhanced ability of dendritic cells to stimulate innate and adaptive immunity on short-term incubation with zoledronic acid (2007)

Vgamma9/Vdelta2 (gammadelta) T cells play a major role in innate immunity against microbes, stressed, and tumor cells. They represent less than 5% of peripheral blood lymphocytes but can be activated and expanded in vitro by aminobisphosphonates (ABP)-treated monocytes. The aim of this work was to determine whether ABP-treated dendritic cells (DCs) can also activate gammadelta T cells and regulate immune responses mediated by conventional alphabeta T cells. Highly purified immature (iDC) and mature DC (mDC) were generated from peripheral blood monocytes of healthy donors and incubated with zoledronic acid (Zol) for 24 hours. Zol-treated iDC and mDC retained their immunostimulatory properties and induced the vigorous expansion of central memory and effector memory gammadelta T cells. gammadelta T cells displayed antitumor activity and appropriate cell surface antigens to target secondary lymphoid organs and exert costimulatory activity. Antigen-specific MHC-restricted immune responses, mediated by conventional alphabeta T cells, were improved by the concurrent gammadelta T-cell activation. In conclusion, large numbers of gammadelta T cells with effector and costimulatory activities are rapidly generated by Zol-treated iDC/mDC. This strategy is worthy of further investigation to improve adoptive cell therapy and vaccine interventions against tumors and infections.
Kinetic Ignition Enhancement of $\hbox{H}_{2}$ Versus Fuel-Blended Air Diffusion Flames Using Nonequilibrium Plasma (2008)

Kinetic ignition enhancement of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> diffusion flames by a nonequilibrium plasma discharge of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> - and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -blended oxidizer was studied experimentally and numerically through the development of a well-defined counterflow system. Measurements of ignition temperatures and major species as well as computations of rates of production and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify the important kinetic pathways. It was found that the competition between the catalytic effect of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and the inhibitive effects of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> governed the ignition processes in the system. With air as the oxidizer, ignition was enhanced from the plasma-produced NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> . With H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> addition to the oxidizer, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O formation significantly increased the ignition temperature. However, with plasma activation, the inhibitive effect of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O was significantly reduced because of the dominant role of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> . With CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> addition to the oxidizer, the ignition temperatures increased due to the radical quenching by H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O or CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , depending upon the strain rate. The results showed that the inhibitive effects were significantly decreased with plasma activation. Unlike vitiated air ignition, plasma-enhanced ignition for fuel-air mixtures can suppress the inhibitive effects of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> because of the overwhelming catalytic NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> effect at low temperatures.