gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Structural Deformations During Diamond Turning of Rotationally Symmetric Structured Surfaces (2008)

Diamond turning of microstructures on the surface of large cylindrical workpieces has become important with advances made in roll-to-roll manufacturing processes of optical films, drag reduction films, microfluidic devices, and organic electronic components. Micromachined cylindrical workpieces are used as production masters in various printing, embossing, and coating processes. The microstructures machined in this study were 18μm in height and had a pitch of 35μm. These dimensions required control of the location of the single crystal diamond cutting tool that was used for machining to submicrometer levels. The significant error sources identified in the machining process were thermal effects and deflections of the structural loop of the diamond turning machine (DTM) that led to registration errors of the cutting tool between consecutive passes. Environmental temperature variation errors (ETVEs) were measured and modeled as a function of long-term ambient temperature fluctuations. Also studied was the mechanical compliance of the structural loop of the DTM. The height adjustable tool stack and aerostatic spindle were identified as the most compliant components. The cutting forces for radius and V-shaped diamond cutting tools at various depths of cut were measured using the known compliance of the aerostatic bearing to predict workpiece deflections.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum DNA from Stored Serum Samples: Implications for Retrospective Diagnosis of Malaria (2007)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Plasmodium DNA is highly sensitive in diagnosing malaria. The specimen of choice for this assay has been whole blood samples from malaria patients. To retrospectively determine malaria infection rates in populations or cohorts for whom stored serum samples are available, we determined the ability of a nested PCR assay to detect Plasmodium DNA in stored serum samples. The PCR result was positive in 20 of 23 serum samples from patients with microscopy-confirmed malaria and negative in 8 of 8 healthy controls, resulting in a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 100%. In all positive samples, species were correctly identified by PCR except for one case where a mixed infection was detected. The PCR is able to detect Plasmodium DNA in serum samples frozen up to 2.5 years and has the potential for the retrospective identification of malaria parasitemia in patient cohorts to determine potential interactions of malaria and other diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Effects of grain size and preferred orientation on the electromigration lifetime of Al-based layered metallization (1995)

Ten kinds of Al-based layered metallizations were fabricated and investigated to find out how a refractory metal underlayer affects the crystallographic characteristics of an Al layer and, in consequence, the electromigration resistance of the metallization. Both Al grain size and Al (111) preferred orientation were compared with electromigration lifetime by using three interconnect linewidths. A W group underlayer was found to change the Al grain size while maintaining the preferred orientation. A WN underlayer, in particular, increases the Al grain size more than a SiO2 underlayer does, resulting in long electromigration lifetime. A Ti group underlayer, in contrast, improves Al (111) preferred orientation while maintaining the grain size. The crystallographic characteristics of the layered interconnects were plotted on constant-lifetime-line figures indicating the direction of the next layered metallization.
<i>Cis</i>-Diamminedichloroplatinum, Vinblastine, and Bleomycin Combination Chemotherapy in Disseminated Testicular Cancer (1977)

Fifty patients with disseminated testicular cancer were treated with a three-drug combination consisting of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin. Three patients were considered inevaluable due to early death. This chemotherapy regimen produced 74% complete and 26% partial remissions. Furthermore, five patients with partial remission became disease-free after surgical removal of residual disease, producing an overall 85% disease-free status. Toxicity, although significant during remission induction with cis-platinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin, was usually manageable, although there were two drug-related deaths during this period. Thirty-eight of these patients remain alive and 32 remain alive and disease-free at 6 + to 30 + months. We believe this regimen represents a major advance in the management of patients with disseminated testicular cancer.
Preparation of Sepharose-SPA Immunomagnetic Microspheres and Its Application in IgG Separation (2010)

Sepharose-SPA Immunomagnetic Microspheres were prepared by means of inverse suspension embedding method.Product structure,particle size and magnetic properties were characterized and analyzed.The product particle size is about 5μm,with good dispersion and exhibits super-para-magnetism.SPA was coated on surface of Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres.In the experiment,IgG,which had specific adsorption action with SPA,was separated from Porcine Serum by Magnetic Microspheres.The experimental results indicate that the best adsorption rate of SPA Immunomagnetic Microspheres is 70.12% and it can be repeatedly used for 29 times.
Cost reduction and evaluation of a temporary faults detecting technique (2002)

IC technologies are approaching the ultimate limits of silicon in terms of channel width, power supply and speed. By approaching these limits, circuits are becoming increasingly sensitive to noise, which will result in unacceptable rates of soft-errors. Furthermore, defect behavior is becoming increasingly complex resulting in increasing number of timing faults that can escape detection by fabrication testing. Thus, fault tolerant techniques will become necessary even for commodity applications. This work considers the implementation and improvements of a new soft error and timing error detecting technique based on time redundancy. Arithmetic circuits were used as test vehicle to validate the approach. Simulations and performance evaluations of the proposed detection technique were made using time and logic simulators. The obtained results show that detection of such temporal faults can be achieved by means of meaningful hardware and performance cost.
The Multifaceted Functions of Neutrophils (2013)

Neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells are the major pathogen-fighting immune cells in organisms ranging from slime molds to mammals. Central to their function is their ability to be recruited to sites of infection, to recognize and phagocytose microbes, and then to kill pathogens through a combination of cytotoxic mechanisms. These include the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of antimicrobial peptides, and the recently discovered expulsion of their nuclear contents to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Here we discuss these primordial neutrophil functions, which also play key roles in tissue injury, by providing details of neutrophil cytotoxic functions and congenital disorders of neutrophils. In addition, we present more recent evidence that interactions between neutrophils and adaptive immune cells establish a feed-forward mechanism that amplifies pathologic inflammation. These newly appreciated contributions of neutrophils are described in the setting of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Activity- and Ca2+-Dependent Modulation of Surface Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons (2000)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to regulate neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) in an activity-dependent manner, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that the number of BDNF receptor TrkB on the surface of hippocampal neurons can be enhanced by high frequency neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, and this effect is mediated by Ca(2+) influx. Using membrane protein biotinylation as well as receptor binding assays, we show that field electric stimulation increased the number of TrkB on the surface of cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence staining suggests that the electric stimulation facilitated the movement of TrkB from intracellular pool to the cell surface, particularly on neuronal processes. The number of surface TrkB was regulated only by high frequency tetanic stimulation, but not by low frequency stimulation. The activity dependent modulation appears to require Ca(2+) influx, since treatment of the neurons with blockers of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels or NMDA receptors, or removal of extracellular Ca(2+), severely attenuated the effect of electric stimulation. Moreover, inhibition of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) significantly reduced the effectiveness of the tetanic stimulation. These findings may help us to understand the role of neuronal activity in neurotrophin function and the mechanism for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
Use of a monoclonal antibody (B72.3) as an immunocytochemical adjunct to diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in human effusions. (1985)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated B72.3, has been generated using membrane-enriched fractions of a metastatic human breast carcinoma as the immunogen. Previous studies have demonstrated that the reactive antigen, a novel Mr 220,000 to 400,000 glycoprotein complex, can be detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of human breast and colon carcinomas, and not in a variety of normal adult human tissues. In this preliminary study, we report that MAb B72.3 may be used as an adjunct for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in cytological preparations of human effusions. Using the avidin-biotin complex method of immunoperoxidase staining and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell suspensions, MAb B72.3 detected adenocarcinoma cells in effusions from all of 21 patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. No reactivity was demonstrated in any cell type in benign effusions from 24 patients without cancer, or 13 patients with prior or extant cancer in other body sites; moreover, B72.3 showed no reactivity to leukemic or lymphomatous effusions, or apparent mesothelial cells from malignant effusions. MAb B72.3 also detected adenocarcinoma cells in cytological effusion specimens from 12 of 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and 16 of 16 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Thus, these data suggest that the immunocytochemical application of MAb B72.3 should now be considered as an adjunct in the discrimination of adenocarcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in the cytological diagnosis of malignant effusions.
Graphene Dynamic Synapse with Modulatable Plasticity (2015)

The synaptic activities in the nervous system is the basis of memory and learning behaviors, and the concept of biological synapse has also spurred the development of neuromorphic engineering. In recent years, the hardware implementation of the biological synapse has been achieved based on CMOS circuits, resistive switching memory, and field effect transistors with ionic dielectrics. However, the artificial synapse with regulatable plasticity has never been realized of the device level. Here, an artificial dynamic synapse based on twisted bilayer graphene is demonstrated with tunable plasticity. Due to the ambipolar conductance of graphene, both behaviors of the excitatory synapse and the inhibitory synapse could be realized in a single device. Moreover, the synaptic plasticity could also be modulated by tuning the carrier density of graphene. Because the artificial synapse here could be regulated and inverted via changing the bottom gate voltage, the whole process of synapse development could be imitated. Hence, this work would offer a broad new vista for the 2D material electronics and guide the innovation of neuro-electronics fundamentally.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Chicken Lymphocyte Surface Antigens (1983)

Spleen and lymph node cells of BALB/c mice, previously immunized with chicken thymic or bursa cells, were fused with Sp2/0-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas from two fusions were selected on the basis of reactivity of their secreted antibodies towards thymic or bursal tissues in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Four monoclonal antibodies reacting with different cell surface proteins of chicken lymphocytes were characterized, as follows. One antibody (IgM X.14) reacted only with cortical thymocytes, and precipitated material of apparent molecular weight (AMW) 65,000 (65 kD), 125 kD, and 180 kD from these cells. A second antibody (IgGl L.17) reacted with both bursa- and thymus-derived lymphocytes, but with different high molecular weight glycoproteins (AMWs 210 kD and 180 kD, respectively) on the two cell types. These proteins may be homologues of the previously described mouse B-220 and T-200 antigens. A third antibody (IgGl L.22) reacted with a protein of AMW 70 kD present on bursa-derived cells of some, but not all, chicken strains. Genetic analysis suggested that the presence of this protein was controlled by a single gene not closely linked to the major histocompatibility complex. A fourth antibody (IgG2b L.43) reacted with bursa-derived cells, macrophages and fibroblasts, but not with thymus-derived lymphocytes. L.43 precipitated material of AMW 23 kD from bursal cells.
GPU-accelerated 3D Bayesian image reconstruction from Compton scattered data (2011)

This paper describes the development of fast Bayesian reconstruction methods for Compton cameras using commodity graphics hardware. For fast iterative reconstruction, not only is it important to increase the convergence rate, but also it is equally important to accelerate the computation of time-consuming and repeated operations, such as projection and backprojection. Since the size of the system matrix for a typical Compton camera is intractably large, it is impractical to use a conventional caching scheme that stores the pre-calculated elements of a system matrix and uses them for the calculation of projection and backprojection. In this paper we propose GPU (graphics processing unit)-accelerated methods that can rapidly perform conical projection and backprojection on the fly. Since the conventional ray-based backprojection method is inefficient for parallel computing on GPUs, we develop voxel-based conical backprojection methods using two different approximation schemes. In the first scheme, we approximate the intersecting chord length of the ray passing through a voxel by the perpendicular distance from the center to the ray. In the second scheme, each voxel is regarded as a dimensionless point rather than a cube so that the backprojection can be performed without the need for calculating intersecting chord lengths or their approximations. Our simulation studies show that the GPU-based method dramatically improves the computational speed with only minor loss of accuracy in reconstruction. With the development of high-resolution detectors, the difference in the reconstruction accuracy between the GPU-based method and the CPU-based method will eventually be negligible.
Integrated waveguide-photodiodes with large bandwidth and high external quantum efficiency (1990)

An integrated waveguide-photodiode with an external quantum efficiency as high as 56% (coupled to single-mode fiber) and large bandwidth (5.5-11.2 GHz) at 1.55- mu m wavelength is described. This performance was achieved utilizing a vertical impedance matching design for improved guide-detector coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Update on penile prostheses (1991)

The era of modern penile implants is concluding its second decade and these devices are still popular options despite competition from other impotence treatment modalities. Mechanical reliability has been very good with current models with repair rates running at about 5% in 5 years. Patient satisfaction with the prosthesis has reached 80–90%.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Arylmorpholine Hydrochloride (2005)

4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)morpholine, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-morpholine, 2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-morpholine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-3-methylmorpholine,(3,4)-dimethyl-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-morpholine, 3,5-dimethyl-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)morpholine and 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)morpholine were synthesized via the reactions of α-bromo-4-methoxyacetophenone, α-bromo-2-fluoropropiophenone, α-bromo-4-benzyloxypropiophenone, 6-methoxy-2-(2-bromoacetyl)naphthalene, 6-methoxy-2-(2-bromopropionyl)naphthalene with diethanolamine, 2-amino-1- propanol, N-methyl-ethanolamine, 2-methyl-2- amino-1-propanol , respectively, in a non-protonic polar solvent at 50 ℃ for 1 h with stirring. Then the mixture was reduced by formic acid at 180 ℃ reflux for 10 h. The 2-arylmorpholines were reacted with hydrochloride to give the hydrochloride salt with yield of 15.6%～58.9%. The structures of the hydrochloride salts of 2-aryl-morpholines were characterized by ()~1H NMR, ()~1H-()~1H COSY, IR and MS spectra.
Transforming Events in Thyroid Tumorigenesis and Their Association with Follicular Lesions (2001)

Thyroid tumors comprise a broad spectrum of neoplastic phenotypes, and distinct molecular events have been implicated in their pathogenesis. Pituitary tumor transforming gene, originally isolated from GH(4) pituitary cells, is tumorigenic in vivo, regulates basic fibroblast growth factor secretion, and is homologous to a securin inhibitor of chromatid separation. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 is expressed at low levels in several normal human tissues and is abundantly expressed in neoplasms, including colorectal carcinoma, where pituitary tumor transforming gene expression correlated highly with tumor invasiveness. As pituitary tumor transforming gene is regulated by E and as thyroid cancer shows a strong female preponderance, we examined pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 expression and action in human thyroid tumors and in normal human and rat thyroid cells. Increased pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 expression was evident early in thyroid tumors and was most abundantly expressed in a subset of thyroid hyperplasia, follicular adenomas, and follicular carcinomas (1.8-fold; P < 0.0001). Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 overexpression in rat FRTL5 thyroid cells and in primary human thyroid cell cultures causes in vitro transformation and produces a dedifferentiated neoplastic phenotype. As pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 was abundantly overexpressed in follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma, we propose that pituitary tumor transforming gene overexpression may play a role in the early molecular events leading to divergent development of follicular and papillary carcinoma.
Hypoglycemic effects of three plants from eastern Himalayan belt. (1994)

Rhizome of Costus speciosus, tuber of Nephrolepsis tuberosa, and bulb of Stephania hernandifolia, used by the local people and traditional healers in the Eastern Himalayan belt, were studied for their effects on serum glucose levels in nondiabetic and diabetic rat models at different prandial states. The results showed that in nondiabetic rat C speciosus and N tuberosa had no significant effect in the fasting or postprandial state when freeze-dried juices were fed simultaneously with glucose. However, when fed 30 min before the glucose load both C speciosus (p < 0.05) and N tuberosa (p < 0.003) showed hypoglycemic effect. To the contrary, S hernandifolia increased the serum glucose levels of nondiabetic rats in all the series of experiments (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In NIDDM model rats N tuberosa opposed the rise in serum glucose level when it was fed 30 min before the glucose load (p < 0.02), whereas S hernandifolia had a tendency to raise the serum glucose level. In IDDM model rats, none of these three freeze-dried juice showed any effect in the fasting state. However, C speciosus showed significant hypoglycemic effect (p < 0.002) when the juice was fed with simultaneous glucose load. In marked contrast to the findings with nondiabetic and NIDDM model rats S hernandifolia showed significant hypoglycemic effect (p < 0.05-0.006) in both the stages (fed simultaneously with, and 30 min before the glucose load) of prandial states of the IDDM model rats. The results indicated that these three plants have interesting possibilities as a source of oral hypoglycemic agents.
Real-Time Rendering of Bumpmap Shadows Taking Account of Surface Curvature (2004)

The bump-mapping technique is often used to represent bumps on objects such as bark on trees and craters on the moon. In order to render shadows cast by bumps, the horizon map method was proposed. The horizon map is a table which has, for each of a small collection of azimuthal directions, slopes from each viewpoint on the bump map (height field) to the corresponding horizon point, which is the highest viewable point seen from that viewpoint. We propose a more precise method for rendering bumpmap shadows using a both a horizon map and a distance map, to take curvature of surfaces into consideration. The distance map is a table, which has, for each azimuthal direction, horizontal projected distances from each point of the bump map to its corresponding horizon point. The proposed method can render shadows efficiently by using programmable graphics hardware.
Quasistatic and Pulsed Current-Induced Switching With Spin-Orbit Torques in Ultrathin Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (2015)

Spin-orbit interaction derived spin torques provide a means of reversing the magnetization of perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin films with currents that flow in the plane of the layers. A basic and critical question for applications is the speed and efficiency of switching with nanosecond current pulses. Here, we investigate and contrast the quasistatic (slowly swept current) and pulsed current-induced switching characteristics of micrometer scale Hall crosses consisting of very thin (<;1 nm) perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB layers on β-Ta. While complete magnetization reversal occurs at a threshold current density in the quasistatic case, short duration (≤10 ns) larger amplitude pulses (≏10 times the quasistatic threshold current) lead to only partial magnetization reversal and domain formation. We associate the partial reversal with the limited time for reversed domain expansion during the pulse.
A miniaturized space-potential DC electric field meter (1989)

The authors describe a space-potential electric field meter designed to measure the field under a DC transmission line in the presence of distorting objects. The meter uses fiber-optics to couple a small measuring probe to a remote readout device, so as to minimize field perturbation due to the presence of the probe. By using coherent detection, it has been possible to produce an instrument whose operating range extends from about 30 V/m up to about 500 kV/m without the need for range switching on the probe. The electrical and mechanical design of the meter is described, and data from laboratory and field tests are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morin hydrate: a better protector than purpurogallin of corneal endothelial cell damage induced by xanthine oxidase and SIN-1 (1998)

This study demonstrates that morin hydrate behaves as a broad-spectrum antioxidant: it scavenges not only xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine-generated oxyradicals, but also nonenzymatic, nitrogen-derived radicals, better than those above mentioned antioxidants. This property of morin hydrate may help prevent free radical damage in corneal preservation solutions.