gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Categorization of Commercial Orange Juices Based on Flavor Characteristics (2003)

ABSTRACT: Research on chemical aspects of orange juice has shown that orange juice can be differentiated and categorized by chemical qualities, but no published data on categorizing orange juice based on sensory characteristics were found. In this study, flavor descriptions of 23 orange juices, representing a variety of products, were described. Multivariate statistical methods were used to provide an overview of the relationships among products and flavor attributes. The results from cluster analysis showed that orange juices that were processed similarly had similar main flavor characteristics and were categorized together. However, other variations in manufacturing formulations, such as brand and/or “style,” also affect sensory characteristics of orange juice products.
NTT DATA Question-Answering Experiment at the NTCIR-4 QAC2. (2002)

In this paper, we give an overview of our question-answering system for the NTCIR-3 QAC. Our system is based on an information-retrieval technique and an information-extraction technique by pattern matching. The system has three main stages: question analy-sis, passage retrieval, and answer extraction. In the passage-retrieval stage, two types of retrieval method are applied sequentially to narrow down the document quantity for the following answer-extraction stage. We have submitted our results for all three sub-tasks of the NTCIR-3 QAC ocial runs.
Reentry: a key mechanism for integration of brain function (2013)

Reentry in nervous systems is the ongoing bidirectional exchange of signals along reciprocal axonal fibers linking two or more brain areas. The hypothesis that reentrant signaling serves as a general mechanism to couple the functioning of multiple areas of the cerebral cortex and thalamus was first proposed in 1977 and 1978 (Edelman, 1978). A review of the amount and diversity of supporting experimental evidence accumulated since then suggests that reentry is among the most important integrative mechanisms in vertebrate brains (Edelman, 1993). Moreover, these data prompt testable hypotheses regarding mechanisms that favor the development and evolution of reentrant neural architectures.
Defect detection in lumber: state of the art (1981)

An automated lumber defect detection system is vital for the future control of lumber processing. The defect detection system must be sensitive to changes in external and internal qualities of lumber and be capable of operating at production speeds. This state-of-the-art report defines and classifies lumber defects, specifies the requirements of an automated defect detection system, and describes various methods which have potential for defect detection in lumber. Optical, ultrasonic, microwave, x-ray, and neutron testing methods are reviewed for this purpose. Emphasis is placed on the limits of application of these methods and the possibility of adapting them to an automated, online, defect detection, and cut-up (or grading) system for lumber. From this study it is apparent that a comprehensive defect detection system may require a combination of methods, depending on the application.
Study on non-constancy of motion-transmitting characteristics of a mechanical joint (1999)

Presented is an analysis of the motion transmitting characteristics of constant velocity joint (CVJ) and Cardan joint when the axes of the joints move arbitarily in the constraint permited space. It was been shown that a non constacy of the motion transmitting of CVJ existed when the relative position of the axes of the joint was changing. The precise formulae were developed to analyze the motion transmitting characteristics of the joints under general conditions. A theorem for the sufficient and necessary condition of the constancy of motion transmitting of the joints was proved when relative position of the axes remained unchanged. The analytical method used is proved effective for the modelling and program analysis of the kinematics of joint transmmition in multibody mechanical systems.
A comparison of four navigation techniques in a 2D browsing task (1995)

No abstract available.
Acoustic phonon scattering limited carrier mobility in two-dimensional extrinsic graphene (2008)

We theoretically calculate the phonon scattering limited electron mobility in extrinsic (i.e., gated or doped with a tunable and finite carrier density) two-dimensional graphene layers as a function of temperature $(T)$ and carrier density $(n)$. We find a temperature-dependent phonon-limited resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathit{ph}}(T)$ to be linear in temperature for $T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with the room-temperature intrinsic mobility reaching the values of above ${10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$. We comment on the low-temperature Bloch--Gr\"uneisen behavior where ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathit{ph}}(T)\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{4}$ for unscreened electron-phonon coupling.
High-performance homodyne optical injection phase-lock loop using wide-linewidth semiconductor lasers (1996)

The requirements for narrow linewidth lasers and short loop propagation delay limit optical phase-lock loop realizability with semiconductor lasers is presented. Although optical injection locking can provide low-phase-error variance, its locking range is limited by stability considerations. The first experimental results for a new architecture combining both techniques, the optical injection phase-lock loop (OIPLL), are reported. Phase error variance values as low as 0.006 rad/sup 2/ (500 MHz bandwidth) and locking ranges exceeding 26 GHz are achieved using DFB lasers of summed linewidth 36 MHz with loop delay of 15 ns and injection ratio less than -30 dB.
Uplink multi-cell processing: Approximate sum capacity under a sum backhaul constraint (2013)

This paper investigates an uplink multi-cell processing (MCP) model where the cell sites are linked to a central processor (CP) via noiseless backhaul links with limited capacity. A simple compress-and-forward scheme is employed, where the base-stations (BSs) quantize the received signals and send the quantized signals to the CP using distributed Wyner-Ziv compression. The CP decodes the quantization codewords first, then decodes the user messages as if the users and the CP form a virtual multiple-access channel. This paper formulates the problem of maximizing the overall sum rate under a sum backhaul constraint for such a setting. It is shown that setting the quantization noise levels to be uniform across the BSs maximizes the achievable sum rate under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Further, for general SNR a low-complexity fixed-point iteration algorithm is proposed to optimize the quantization noise levels. This paper further shows that with uniform quantization noise levels, the compress-and-forward scheme with Wyner-Ziv compression already achieves a sum rate that is within a constant gap to the sum capacity of the uplink MCP model. The gap depends linearly on the number of BSs in the network but is independent of the SNR and the channel matrix.
Intracerebroventricular Transplantation of <i>Ex Vivo</i> Expanded Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Restores Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Promotes Angiogenesis of Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between the number of circulating EPCs and clinical outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A recent study has further shown that intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) improves outcomes of mice subjected to experimental TBI. This follow-up study was designed to determine whether intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of ECFCs, which may reduce systemic effects of these cells, could repair the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promote angiogenesis of mice with TBI. Adult nude mice were exposed to fluid percussion injury and transplanted i.c.v. with ECFCs on day 1 post-TBI. These ECFCs were detected at the TBI zone 3 days after transplantation by SP-DiIC18(3) and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Mice with ECFCs transplant had reduced Evans blue extravasation and brain water content, increased expression of ZO-1 and claudin-5, and showed a higher expression of angiopoietin 1. Consistent with the previous report, mice with ECFCs transplant had also increased microvascular density. Modified neurological severity score and Morris water maze test indicated significant improvements in motor ability, spatial acquisition and reference memory in mice receiving ECFCs, compared to those receiving saline. These data demonstrate the beneficial effects of ECFC transplant on BBB integrity and angiogenesis in mice with TBI.
Prevalence of negative sliding sign representing pouch of Douglas obliteration during pelvic transvaginal ultrasound for any indication (2020)

We have demonstrated an overall prevalence of a negative sliding sign, suggesting POD obliteration, of 5.2% (or 1/20) in women seeking TVS for a gynecological indication. The prevalence of negative sliding sign in low-risk women is not negligible (3.4% or 1/29 women). These women are most likely to have asymptomatic endometriosis or another important etiology of POD obliteration. The prevalence of a negative sliding sign is approximately three-times higher in women with signs and/or symptoms of endometriosis (10.3% vs 3.4%). Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Online prediction of multiprocessor memory access patterns (2002)

A neural network based technique is introduced which hides the control latency of reconfigurable interconnection networks (INs) in shared memory multiprocessors. Such INs require complex control mechanisms to reconfigure the IN on demand, in order to satisfy processor-memory accesses. Hiding the control latency seen by each access improves multiprocessor performance significantly. The new technique hides control latency by employing a time-delay neural network (TDNN) as a prediction technique that learns the current processor-memory access patterns and predicts the need to reconfigure the IN. Training and prediction of the TDNN is performed online. Based on three experiments, the TDNN is able to learn repetitive patterns and predict the need to reconfigure the IN thus, effectively hiding control latency of processor-memory accesses.
Clinical utilization of shear wave elastography in the musculoskeletal system (2018)

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an emerging technology that provides information about the inherent elasticity of tissues by producing an acoustic radiofrequency force impulse, sometimes called an "acoustic wind," which generates transversely-oriented shear waves that propagate through the surrounding tissue and provide biomechanical information about tissue quality. Although SWE has the potential to revolutionize bone and joint imaging, its clinical application has been hindered by technical and artifactual challenges. Many of the stumbling blocks encountered during musculoskeletal SWE imaging are readily recognizable and can be overcome, but progressive advances in technology and a better understanding of image acquisition are required before SWE can reliably be used in musculoskeletal imaging.
Differential Inhibition of Signaling Pathways by Dominant-Negative SH2/SH3 Adapter Proteins (1995)

SH2/SH3 adapters are thought to function in signal transduction pathways by coupling inputs from tyrosine kinases to downstream effectors such as Ras. Members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family are known to be activated by a variety of mitogenic stimuli, including tyrosine kinases such as Abl and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We have used activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk-1 as a model system with which to examine whether various dominant-negative SH2/SH3 adapters (Grb2, Crk, and Nck) could block signaling pathways leading to Erk activation. Activation of Erk-1 by oncogenic Abl was effectively inhibited by Grb2 with mutations in either its SH2 or SH3 domain or by Crk-1 with an SH3 domain mutation. The Crk-1 SH2 mutant was less effective, while Nck SH2 and SH3 mutants had little or no effect on Erk activation. These results suggest that both Crk and Grb2 may contribute to the activation of Erk by oncogenic Abl, whereas Nck is unlikely to participate in this pathway. Next we examined whether combinations of these dominant-negative adapters could inhibit Erk activation more effectively than each mutant alone. When combinations of Crk-1 and Grb2 mutants were analyzed, the combination of the Crk-1 SH3 mutant plus the Grb2 SH3 mutant gave a striking synergistic effect. This finding suggests that in Abl-transformed cells, more than one class of tyrosine-phosphorylated sites (those that bind the Grb2 SH2 domain and those that bind the Crk SH2 domain) can lead to Ras activation. In contrast to results with Abl, Erk activation by EGF was strongly inhibited only by Grb2 mutants; Crk and Nck mutants had little or no effect. This finding suggests that Grb2 is the only adapter involved in the activation of Erk by EGF. Dominant-negative adaptors provide a novel means to identify binding interactions important in vivo for signaling in response to a variety of stimuli.
Cyclic Properties of Si-Cu/Carbon Nanocomposite Anodes for Li-Ion Secondary Batteries (2005)

Si/carbon nanocomposites with different Si distribution were prepared to the anode of Li-ion batteries for better cyclic properties. Si particles were milled by a high-energy multi-ring-type mill to decrease the crystallite size to 15 nm. Nanocomposite particles with controlled inhomogeneous spatial Si distribution were obtained by co-grinding with Cu powder. Heterogeneity of the Si distribution exhibited better cyclability than those with homogeneous Si distribution prepared from well-dispersed Si nanoparticles. We attribute the better cyclability to two factors, reduction of mechanical stress developed by electrochemical volume change of Si and networking of Si particles for maintaining conductive paths in the electrode. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Industrial biomanufacturing: The future of chemical production (2017)

The current model for industrial chemical manufacturing employs large-scale megafacilities that benefit from economies of unit scale. However, this strategy faces environmental, geographical, political, and economic challenges associated with energy and manufacturing demands. We review how exploiting biological processes for manufacturing (i.e., industrial biomanufacturing) addresses these concerns while also supporting and benefiting from economies of unit number. Key to this approach is the inherent small scale and capital efficiency of bioprocesses and the ability of engineered biocatalysts to produce designer products at high carbon and energy efficiency with adjustable output, at high selectivity, and under mild process conditions. The biological conversion of single-carbon compounds represents a test bed to establish this paradigm, enabling rapid, mobile, and widespread deployment, access to remote and distributed resources, and adaptation to new and changing markets.
Elastic and plastic relaxation of densified SiO_2 films (2007)

Ion- and plasma-assisted deposition has been extensively used for the fabrication of high-performance optical films with dense and smooth microstructures that are essential for applications such as low-loss and environmentally stable optics. SiO(2) is a well-known amorphous material suitable for energetic deposition. SiO(2) single layers and SiO(2)-based single-cavity narrow-bandpass filters were prepared by plasma-ion-assisted deposition. The refractive index and film thickness were determined by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The high compressive stress of the densified film was correlated to increased packing density. The center wavelength shift of the narrow-bandpass filters as a function of sample-temperature as well as high-temperature annealing was determined via spectral transmission measurement. Structural relaxation of the densified SiO(2) films was observed from the variation of the refractive index and physical thickness for the single layers and the center wavelength shift for the narrow-bandpass filters, suggesting elastic and plastic deformation of the densified films corresponding to a reversible and an irreversible center wavelength shift, respectively.
Sequence specificity of alkylation for a series of nitrogen mustard-containing analogs of distamycin of increasing binding site size: evidence for increased cytotoxicity with enhanced sequence specificity (1995)

The covalent sequence specificity of a series of nitrogen mustard-containing analogues of distamycin was determined using modified sequencing techniques. The analogues tether benzoic acid mustard (BAM) and possess either one, two, or three pyrrole-amide units. Previous characterization of the biological profile of the series revealed an increase in cytotoxicity for each corresponding increase in the number of pyrrole units, while showing poor cross-link formation in isolated and cellular DNA. Examination of the sequence specificity revealed that BAM produced guanine-N7 lesions in similar manner to other conventional nitrogen mustards. The monopyrrole BAM conjugate also produced guanine-N7 alkylation in a similar pattern to BAM. However, alkylation of adenines was also seen that was found to be minor groove adenine-N3 lesions. The dipyrrole and tripyrrole conjugates did not produce detectable guanine-N7 alkylation but only alkylated in AT tracts. In addition, the tripyrrole conjugate preferentially alkylated only a subset of those sites alkylated by the monopyrrole and dipyrrole conjugates. Two sites, 5'-TTTTGG and 5'-TTTTGA, confirmed as guanine-N3 and adenine-N3 lesions, respectively, were strongly alkylated by the tripyrrole conjugate in preference to other similar sites including three occurrences of 5'-TTTTAA. Footprinting studies comparing distamycin and the tripyrrole conjugate showed identical non-covalent recognition of AT-rich sites. Hence, the drug that possessed the most enhanced sequence specificity for alkylation was also the most cytotoxic of this series.
Effect of systemic parathyroid hormone (1–34) and a <i>β</i>‐tricalcium phosphate biomaterial on local bone formation in a critical‐size rat calvarial defect model (2010)

Systemic administration of PTH significantly stimulates local bone formation. Bone formation was significantly limited by the beta-TCP biomaterial.
Kinetic Stabilization of Microtubule Dynamics by Estramustine Is Associated with Tubulin Acetylation, Spindle Abnormalities, and Mitotic Arrest (2008)

Estramustine (EM) alone or in combination with other anticancer agents is clinically used for the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. Furthermore, EM has been shown to potently inhibit the proliferation of different types of cancer cells in culture apparently by targeting microtubules; however, the antiproliferative mechanism of action of EM is not clear. In this work, we have shown that EM strongly suppressed the dynamic instability of individual microtubules in MCF-7 cells by reducing the rates of growing and shortening excursions and increasing the time microtubule spent in the pause state. At its half maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration (IC(50)), EM exerted strong suppressive effects on the dynamics of microtubules in MCF-7 cells without detectably affecting either the organization or the polymerized mass of microtubules. At relatively high concentrations (5 x IC(50)), EM significantly depolymerized microtubules in the cells. Furthermore, the microtubules were found highly acetylated, supporting the conclusion that they were stabilized by the drug. EM treatment induced spindle abnormalities in MCF-7 cells, and a major population of the arrested mitotic cells was multipolar. EM also perturbed the microtubule-kinetochore interaction, thereby activating the spindle assembly checkpoint and leading to apoptotic cell death.
CARBON NANOTUBES BY THE METRIC TON (2007)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCARBON NANOTUBES BY THE METRIC TONAnticipating NEW COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, producers increase capacityANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 46, 29–35Publication Date (Print):November 12, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 12 November 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v085n046.p029https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n046.p029newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Diodes Get e-Alerts
Single-strand-specific nucleases (2003)

Single-strand-specific nucleases are multifunctional enzymes and widespread in distribution. Their ability to act selectively on single-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded regions in double-stranded nucleic acids has led to their extensive application as probes for the structural determination of nucleic acids. Intracellularly, they have been implicated in recombination, repair and replication, whereas extracellular enzymes have a role in nutrition. Although more than 30 single-strand-specific nucleases from various sources have been isolated till now, only a few enzymes (S1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae, P1 nuclease from Penicillium citrinum and nucleases from Alteromonas espejiana, Neurospora crassa, Ustilago maydis and mung bean) have been characterized to a significant extent. Recently, some of these enzymes have been cloned, their crystal structures solved and their interactions with different substrates have been established. The detection, purification, characteristics, structure-function correlations, biological role and applications of single-strand-specific nucleases are reviewed.
The mechanical planarization of interlevel dielectrics for multilevel interconnect applications (2002)

A description is given of the application of mechanical planarization to the interlevel dielectric (ILD) of a multilevel interconnect system. Experimental results obtained from large 80K, two-level metal CMOS gate arrays (0.7 cm/sup 2/) having mechanically planarized ILD indicated leveling lengths on the order of 0.5 cm and excellent via functionality. Surface leveling with variations of less than 200 AA was readily achieved over the whole gate array die. No detrimental effects were observed in a fully functional die when compared with devices using sacrificial spin-on glass. The results of this study indicate that mechanical planarization will make a critical contribution to the fabrication of ULSI devices having 0.25- mu m interconnect feature sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>