gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) increases neurite outgrowth on chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan<i>in vitro</i>and axonal regeneration in the adult optic nerve<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

Inhibitory molecules derived from CNS myelin and glial scar tissue are major causes for insufficient functional regeneration in the mammalian CNS. A multitude of these molecules signal through the Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. We evaluated three inhibitors of ROCK, Y- 27632, Fasudil (HA-1077), and Dimethylfasudil (H-1152), in models of neurite outgrowth in vitro. We show, that all three ROCK inhibitors partially restore neurite outgrowth of Ntera-2 neurons on the inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan substrate. In the rat optic nerve crush model Y-27632 dose-dependently increased regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons in vivo. Application of Dimethylfasudil showed a trend towards increased axonal regeneration in an intermediate concentration. We demonstrate that inhibition of ROCK can be an effective therapeutic approach to increase regeneration of CNS neurons. The selection of a suitable inhibitor with a broad therapeutic window, however, is crucial in order to minimize unwanted side effects and to avoid deleterious effects on nerve fiber growth.
The Influence of Long-Term Treatment with Povidone-Iodine on Thyroid Function (1997)

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is generally very safe, but cases of thyroid dysfunction induced by PVP-I have been reported. The effect of long-term treatment with PVP-I on thyroid function was to be assessed. In 40 inpatients of the department of neurology, the status of the use of PVP-I preparations and their effects on serum inorganic iodine levels and thyroid functions were investigated. In 27 patients treated with PVP-I for a long term, inorganic iodine levels were significantly increased as compared to those in 13 patients without PVP-I treatment. Out of 27 patients treated with PVP-I in the long term, subclinical hypothroidism was seen in 3 patients, mild hyperthroidism was seen in 1 patient, and subclinical hyperthyroidism was suspected in 7 patients. Patients treated with PVP-I for a long time should be observed carefully for any manifestation of thyroid dysfunction.
The effect of inoculation of seed with antagonists of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> on the growth of wheat (1974)

Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on wheat by seed inoculation with microorganisms was investigated. Initially inoculants were selected from bacteria and actinomycetes isolated from two soils and screened for antagonism to R. solani on agar. Of 148 isolates tested on agar, 96 were antagonistic to R. solani and of these 42 were added to pasteurized soil sown with peppers and inoculated with the pathogen. Seven isolates which controlled disease were screened further as seed inoculants of wheat in pasteurized and field soils inoculated with R. solani. Four inoculants, viz. Streptomyces griseus 2-A24 and three Bacillus subtilis isolates 1-B80, 1-B77 and 1-B68, significantly reduced symptoms caused by R. solani and also increased grain yield and dry matter of wheat. S. griseus 2-A24 and B. subtilis 1-B80 increased grain yield by 30% over controls. The magnitude of these differences suggests that biological control and growth stimulation are involved in yield increases.
Evaluation of a Four Sensor Array Used in a Wall-Jet Configured Flow Cell for Flow Injection Potentiometry (2001)

Photo-cured calcium, potassium, and nitrate ion-selective electrodes and Ag/AgCl wire as a chloride electrode have been integrated into a sensor array that is suitable for FIP measurements in a wall-jet flow cell. Each sensor in the electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range between 0.1 mM and 10 mM and detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The four coated wire electrodes were used simultaneously in the flow injection mode to determine their respective determinand in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with standard analytical methods.
THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENE<i>PER1</i>SUPPRESSES CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION AND TUMOR GROWTH AT SPECIFIC TIMES OF DAY (2009)

Cell cycle progression is tightly regulated. The expressions of cell cycle regulators, the products of which either promote or inhibit cell proliferation, oscillate during each cell cycle. Cellular proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulators are also controlled by the circadian clock. Disruption of the circadian clock may thereby lead to deregulated cell proliferation. Mammalian Per2 is a core clock gene, the product of which suppresses cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Because Per1, another key clock gene, is mutated in human breast cancers, and because its clock functions are similar and complementary to those of Per2, we have studied its role in modulating breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. We find that breast cancer growth rate is gated by the circadian clock with two daily peaks and troughs, and that they are coupled to the daily expression patterns of clock-controlled genes that regulate cell proliferation. Down-regulation of the expression of tumor Per1 increases cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo by enhancing the circadian amplitude of the two daily tumor growth peaks. The data of the study suggest Per1 has tumor-suppressor function that diminishes cancer proliferation and tumor growth, but only at specific times of day.
Human fatalities from cyanobacteria: chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins. (2001)

An outbreak of acute liver failure occurred at a dialysis center in Caruaru, Brazil (8 degrees 17' S, 35 degrees 58' W), 134 km from Recife, the state capital of Pernambuco. At the clinic, 116 (89%) of 131 patients experienced visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting after routine hemodialysis treatment on 13-20 February 1996. Subsequently, 100 patients developed acute liver failure, and of these 76 died. As of December 1996, 52 of the deaths could be attributed to a common syndrome now called Caruaru syndrome. Examination of phytoplankton from the dialysis clinic's water source, analyses of the clinic's water treatment system, plus serum and liver tissue of clinic patients led to the identification of two groups of cyanobacterial toxins, the hepatotoxic cyclic peptide microcystins and the hepatotoxic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin. Comparison of victims' symptoms and pathology using animal studies of these two cyanotoxins leads us to conclude that the major contributing factor to death of the dialyses patients was intravenous exposure to microcystins, specifically microcystin-YR, -LR, and -AR. From liver concentrations and exposure volumes, it was estimated that 19.5 microg/L microcystin was in the water used for dialysis treatments. This is 19.5 times the level set as a guideline for safe drinking water supplies by the World Health Organization.
<title>Striping in multidisk video servers</title> (1996)

A challenging task when designing a video server is to support the performance criteria of its target application, i.e., both its desired number of simultaneous displays and the waiting tolerance of a display. With a multi-disk video server, the placement of data has a significant impact on the overall performance of a system. This study quantifies the tradeoffs associated with alternative organization of data across multiple disks. We describe a planner that configures a system to: (1) support the performance criteria of an application, and (2) minimize the cost of a system. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority and flexibility of using the planner to configure a system.
Antibacterial activity of diosquinone and plumbagin from the root of <i>Diospyros mespiliformis</i> (Hostch) (Ebenaceae) (1995)

Abstract Diosquinone and plumbagin isolated from the root of Diospyros mespiliformis (Hostch), a common Ingredient in several folk medicines and foods, have been shown to have antibacterial activity against a wide range of organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of diosquinone against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 and S. aureus E3T ranged from 3 to 30 μg/mL, while those against Escherichia coli KL16 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 ranged from 15 to 16 μg/mL. MICs were found to increase with the concentration of cells used in the inoculum. Bacterial studies showed that S. aureus NCTC 6571 exhibited a paradoxical biphasic response to dioquinone in nutrient broth, whereas bacterial activity against E. coli KL16 increased with concentration up to the highest concentration of dioquinone tested. Activity against E. coli KL16 was more pronounced in phosphate‐buffered saline than in nutrient broth.
<i>Relative Importance of Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Rates in Determining Rate of Exchange of Gases in the Human Lung, With Special Reference to True Diffusing Capacity of Pulmonary Membrane and Volume of Blood in the Lung Capillaries</i> (1957)

An equation, i/Dm + i/θVc = i/Dl, has been derived which relates the measured pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl), the true diffusing capacity of the pulmonary membrane (Dm), the rate of uptake of CO by the red cells per mm Hg CO tension (θ) and the blood volume of the pulmonary capillary bed (Vc). By making measurements of Dl at different alveolar O2 tensions, thereby causing to vary, this equation can be solved graphically for Dm and Vc, which are assumed to be independent of O2 tension. Calculations of Dm and Vc were made utilizing a) values of θ previously obtained from the in vitro rates of CO uptake of suspensions of human red cells at 37°C and b) values of Dl in normal resting subjects at alveolar O2 tensions from about 100 mm Hg to over 600 mm Hg measured by both steady state and breath holding CO techniques. Dm is about twice the value of Dl measured in subjects breathing air at sea level. Vc is about 75 ml in approximate agreement with the previously reported estimate of Roughton. Similar results were obtained using values of Dl at different alveolar O2 tensions reported in the literature. This means that, in determining the rate of CO absorption in the lungs, the resistance of the red cell to the uptake of CO is of the same order of importance as the resistance of the pulmonary membrane to the diffusion of gas across it. Arguments are advanced to show that red cell resistance is of at least equal importance in the case of O2 uptake. Submitted on February 15, 1957
Nm23-H2 Interacts with a G Protein-coupled Receptor to Regulate Its Endocytosis through an Rac1-dependent Mechanism (2004)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a vast family of transmembrane proteins involved in the regulation of several physiological responses. The thromboxane A2 receptor (present as two isoforms: TP alpha and TP beta) is a GPCR displaying diverse pharmacological effects. As seen for many other GPCRs, TP beta is regulated by agonist-induced internalization. In the present study, we report the identification by yeast two-hybrid screening of Nm23-H2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as a new interacting molecular partner with the C-terminal tail of TP beta. This interaction was confirmed in a cellular context when Nm23-H2 was co-immunoprecipitated with TP beta in HEK293 cells, a process dependent on agonist stimulation of the receptor. We observed that agonist-induced internalization of TP beta was regulated by Nm23-H2 through modulation of Rac1 signaling. Immunofluorescence microscopy in HEK293 cells revealed that Nm23-H2 had a cytoplasmic and nuclear localization but was induced to translocate to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of TP beta to show extensive co-localization with the receptor. Our findings represent the first demonstration of an interaction of an Nm23 protein with a membrane receptor and constitute a novel molecular regulatory mechanism of GPCR endocytosis.
Transform/Time domain coding using the method of projection onto convex sets (2005)

In image coding, image information can often be transmitted with relatively little bandwidth requirement. This is the case in the pixel domain if there are large blocks of homogeneous intensity within a single frame, or when comparing adjacent frames there are large blocks of unchanged pixels. In the frequency domain, this is the case when only a few of the frequency coefficients are deemed significant. This paper presents an algorithm for improving the bandwidth compression of the error pattern generated by typical motion-compensated coding techniques. The algorithm involves two well established techniques; conventional transform coding and the method of successive Projection onto Convex Sets.
Applications of Fiber Optic Grating Technology to Multi-Parameter Measurement (2005)

Abstract In this article, approaches reported in the literature for multi-parameter measurement relying on fiber grating technology are reviewed. Due to its importance, the particular case of temperature/strain simultaneous measurement is addressed in further detail, as well as the techniques and sensing heads for temperature-independent strain measurement. Specific criteria are also proposed for sensing head classification in the context of multi-parameter measurement. Keywords: fiber optic sensorsBragg gratingslong period gratingmulti-parameter measurement
Why do plastics stress‐crack? (1965)

Abstract Possible applicability of Griffith's theory to stress‐cracking in microcrystalline organic polymers is considered. Although the time‐dependent nature of the phenomenon and the plastico‐elastico‐viscous character of the medium make such application debatable, it is found that this approach in combination with the contributions of others notably Rebinder and his associates, can provide rationalization for many of the empirical facts. The observed “case‐hardening” action of surfactants on specimens under stress suggests that the mobility of polymer chain segments in surface layers may in fact be restricted under these conditions as theorized, facilitating local concentration of stresses to a level exceeding the strength of the material.
Viability of active EMI filters for utility applications (1994)

The application of active circuitry to increase the performance per size and cost of utility-side EMI filters is considered. The major problems are power line frequency (60 Hz) rejection and the compensation of the feedback loop, which is influenced by the wide-ranging utility impedance. While analysis and simulations show that these problems prevent the practical application of active filtering to power supplies switching at around 75 kHz, results at 450 kHz demonstrate potential for substantial improvement of EMI filters for switching frequencies of a few hundred kHz, although with the cost of a complex compensation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Standardizing the Performance Evaluation of Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Models (2005)

Short-term wind power prediction is a primary requirement for efficient large-scale integration of wind generation in power systems and electricity markets. The choice of an appropriate prediction model among the numerous available models is not trivial, and has to be based on an objective evaluation of model performance. This paper proposes a standardized protocol for the evaluation of short-term windpower prediction systems. A number of reference prediction models are also described, and their use for performance comparison is analysed. The use of the protocol is demonstrated, using results from both on-shore and offshore wind farms. The work was developed in the frame of the Anemos project (EU R&D project) where the protocol has been used to evaluate more than 10 prediction systems.
Method for Calculating Rotors with Active Gurney Flaps (2016)

This paper builds on the Helicopter Multi-Block version 2 computational-fluid-dynamics solver of the University of Liverpool and demonstrates the implementation and use of Gurney flaps on wings and rotors. The idea is to flag any cell face within the computational mesh with a solid, no-slip boundary condition. Hence, the infinitely thin Gurney can be approximated by blocking cells in the mesh. Comparison between thick Gurney flaps and infinitely thin Gurneys showed no difference on the integrated loads; the same flow structure was captured and the same vortices were identified ahead and behind the Gurney. The results presented for various test cases suggest that the method is simple and efficient, and it can therefore be used for routine analysis of rotors with Gurney flaps. Moreover, the current method adds to the flexibility of the solver because no special grids are required, and Gurney flaps can be easily implemented. Simple two-dimensional aerofoil, three-dimensional wing, and rotors in hover and forward flight were tested with fixed, linearly actuated, and swinging Gurneys, and the ability of the code to deploy a Gurney flap within the multiblock mesh is highlighted. The need for experimental data suitable for validation of computational-fluid-dynamics methods for cases of rotors with Gurney flaps is also highlighted.
Monocular, Real-Time Surface Reconstruction Using Dynamic Level of Detail (2016)

We present a scalable, real-time capable method for robust surface reconstruction that explicitly handles multiple scales. As a monocular camera browses a scene, our algorithm processes images as they arrive and incrementally builds a detailed surface model.While most of the existing reconstruction approaches rely on volumetric or point-cloud representations of the environment, we perform depth-map and colour fusion directly into a multi-resolution triangular mesh that can be adaptively tessellated using the concept of Dynamic Level of Detail. Our method relies on least-squares optimisation, which enables a probabilistically sound and principled formulation of the fusion algorithm.We demonstrate that our method is capable of obtaining high quality, close-up reconstruction, as well as capturing overall scene geometry, while being memory and computationally efficient.
An Electron Microscopic Demonstration of Induction of Chondrogenesis in Neonatal RAT Muscle Outgrowth Cells in Monolayer Cultures (1985)

Second passage fibroblast-like cells grown from explants of neonatal rat muscle continue to demonstrate fibroblast-like properties for many days when cultured on plastic surfaces. Such cells can be induced to change to a chondrocyte-like mode of expression by the addition of effector materials prepared from bovine cortical bone decalcified with 0.6 N HCl. Other studies show that similar demineralized bone particles and extracts from them have, in vivo, osteoinductive properties. Optimum conditions for this differentiation in monolayer culture were found in the use of 2% fetal calf serum with Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium. At 10% fetal calf serum the chondrogenic changes could not be detected. Light microscopy showed a sequence of morphological changes, after 36 h in culture, which resembled those seen at the beginning of osteogenesis in vivo. Induced cultures showed abundant extracellular proteoglycan production. Isotope incorporation studies showed stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in response to effector materials in soluble form. Type II collagen could be detected after three days. Electron microscopic analysis of induced and control cultures showed unequivocal evidence for marked production of an extensive extracellular matrix in the region of effector particles. The cells themselves change shape and develop an abundant system of lysosome-like vesicles and a very active, highly engorged endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. After nine days in culture, evidence for the formation of a ruthenium red stained structure on the surface of the cells in contact with inductive particles, was observed. The simple monolayer culture system described provides a direct means by which the presence of active chondrogenic fractions may be assessed, and in which the mechanism of action of the effectors can be studied.
Enforcing Role-Based Access Control for Secure Data Storage in the Cloud (2011)

In recent times, there has been increasing interest in storing data securely in the cloud environment. To provide owners of data stored in the cloud with flexible control over access to their data by other users, we propose a role-based encryption (RBE) scheme for secure cloud storage. Our scheme allows the owner of data to store it in an encrypted form in the cloud and to grant access to that data for users with specific roles. The scheme specifies a set of roles to which the users are assigned, with each role having a set of permissions. The data owner can encrypt the data and store it in the cloud in such a way that only users with specific roles can decrypt the data. Anyone else, including the cloud providers themselves, will not be able to decrypt the data. We describe such an RBE scheme using a broadcast encryption algorithm. The paper describes the security analysis of the proposed scheme and gives proofs showing that the proposed scheme is secure against attacks. We also analyse the efficiency and performance of our scheme and show that it has superior characteristics compared with other previously published schemes.
Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder and Asymmetry of the Caudate Nucleus (1993)

The neurologic basis of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is poorly understood. Based on previous studies that have implicated metabolic deficiencies in the caudate-striatal region in ADHD, we employed magnetic resonance imaging to investigate patterns of morphology of the head of the caudate nucleus in normal and ADHD children. In normal children, 72.7% evidenced a left-larger-than-right (L > R) pattern of asymmetry, whereas 63.6% of the ADHD children had the reverse (L < R) pattern of asymmetry of the head of the caudate nucleus. This reversal of normal asymmetry in ADHD children was due to a significantly smaller left caudate nucleus. The reversal in asymmetry of the head of the caudate was most notable in ADHD males. These results suggest that normal (L > R) morphologic asymmetry in the region of the caudate nucleus may be related to asymmetries observed in neurotransmitter systems implicated in ADHD. The behavioral symptoms of ADHD may reflect disinhibition from normal levels of dominant hemispheric control, possibly correlated with deviations in asymmetric caudate-striatal morphology and deficiencies in associated neurotransmitter systems.
Bioassays for growth factors. (1999)

Growth factors have a wide variety of actions in living systems, providing a range of potentially quantifiable responses for measurement of their biological activity. The biological activity has to be assessed by bioassay as it cannot be predicted from physicochemical data alone. Bioassay systems range from in vivo responses to changes in receptor binding and in early components of signal transduction pathways. The most commonly used systems are based on the measurement of responses of immortalized cell lines, which although not as functionally relevant as in vivo assays, are easier to use. Most growth factors have multiple actions on multiple targets, and can show differential changes in their different activities, so use of the biological activity measured in one bioassay system to predict biological activity in another system must be rigorously validated. Since the bioassay systems are themselves inherently variable, measurement of the growth factor's activity must be made relative to a common, stable, reference preparation to permit valid inter-assay and inter-laboratory comparisons.