gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Object Detection, Tracking, and Motion Segmentation for Object-level Video Segmentation (2016)

We present an approach for object segmentation in videos that combines frame-level object detection with concepts from object tracking and motion segmentation. The approach extracts temporally consistent object tubes based on an off-the-shelf detector. Besides the class label for each tube, this provides a location prior that is independent of motion. For the final video segmentation, we combine this information with motion cues. The method overcomes the typical problems of weakly supervised/unsupervised video segmentation, such as scenes with no motion, dominant camera motion, and objects that move as a unit. In contrast to most tracking methods, it provides an accurate, temporally consistent segmentation of each object. We report results on four video segmentation datasets: YouTube Objects, SegTrackv2, egoMotion, and FBMS.
Enforceable security policies (2004)

A precise characterization is given for the class of security policies that can be enforced using mechanisms that work by monitoring system execution, and a class of automata is introduced for specifying those security policies. Techniques to enforce security policies specified by such automata are also discussed. READERS NOTE: A substantially revised version of this document is available at http://cs-tr.cs.cornell.edu:80/Dienst/UI/1.0/Display/ncstrl.cornell/TR99-1759
Sensor measurement scheduling: an enhanced dynamic, preemptive algorithm (1998)

This paper presents an enhanced architecture for a sensor measurement scheduler as well as a dynamic sensor scheduling algorithm called the On-line, Greedy, Urgency-driven, Preemptive Scheduling Algorithm (OGUPSA). The premise is that the function of sensor management can be partitioned into the two tasks of information management, essentially an information to measurement mapping, and a sensor scheduler which takes the measurement requests along with their priorities and optimally maps them to a set of sensors. OGUPSA was developed using the three main scheduling policies of Most-Urgent-First to pick a task, EarliestCompleted-First to select a sensor, and Least-Versatile-First to resolve ties. By successive application of these policies. OGUPSA dynamically allocates, schedules, and distributes a set of measurement tasks from an information manager among a set of sensors. OGUPSA can detect the failure of a measurement task to meet a deadline and improves the dynamic load balance among all sensors while being a polynomial time algorithm. One of the key components of OGUPSA is the information in the applicable sensor table. This table is the mechanism that is used to assign requested tasks to specific sensors. Subject terms: sensor scheduling, sensor management, resource scheduling, sensors
Identification of the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase Phosphorylation Sites in the Human β2-Adrenergic Receptor (1996)

Rapid desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors is mediated, at least in part, by their phosphorylation by the G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). However, only in the case of rhodopsin have the actual sites of receptor phosphorylation been unambiguously determined. Although previous studies have implicated the cytoplasmic tail of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) as the site of GRK-mediated phosphorylation, the identities of the phosphorylated residues were unknown. Here we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. The phosphorylation sites of both serine/threonine kinases reside exclusively in a 40-amino acid peptide located at the extreme carboxyl terminus of the beta2AR. Of the seven phosphorylatable residues within this peptide, six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411) and four are phosphorylated by GRK2 (Thr-384, Ser-396, Ser-401, and Ser-407) at equivalent phosphorylation stoichiometries (approximately 1.0 mol Pi/mol receptor). In addition to the GRK5-specific phosphorylation of Thr-393 and Ser-411, differences in the distribution of phosphate between sites are observed for GRK2 and GRK5. Increasing the stoichiometry of GRK2-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation from approximately 1.0 to 5.0 mol Pi/mol receptor increases the stoichiometry of phosphorylation of Thr-384, Ser-396, Ser-401, and Ser-407 rather than increasing the number of phosphoacceptor sites. The location of multiple GRK2 and GRK5 phosphoacceptor sites at the extreme carboxyl terminus of the beta2AR is highly reminiscent of GRK1-mediated phosphorylation of rhodopsin.
Automatic Wrappers for Large Scale Web Extraction (2011)

We present a generic framework to make wrapper induction algorithms tolerant to noise in the training data. This enables us to learn wrappers in a completely unsupervised manner from automatically and cheaply obtained noisy training data, e.g., using dictionaries and regular expressions. By removing the site-level supervision that wrapper-based techniques require, we are able to perform information extraction at web-scale, with accuracy unattained with existing unsupervised extraction techniques. Our system is used in production at Yahoo! and powers live applications.
An intelligent imaging system for ArF scanner (2008)

The k1 factor continues to be driven downwards, even beyond its theoretical limit 0.25, in order to enable the 32 nm feature generation and beyond. Due to the extremely small process-window that will be available for such extremely demanding imaging challenges, it is necessary that not only each unit contributing to the imaging system be driven to its ultimate performance capability, but also that the final integrated imaging system apply each of the different components in an optimum way with respect to one another, and maintain that optimum performance level and cooperation at all times. Components included in such an integrated imaging system include the projection lens, illumination optics, light source, in-situ metrology tooling, aberration control, and dose control. In this paper we are going to discuss the required functions of each component of the imaging system and how to optimally control each unit in cooperation with the others in order to achieve the goal of 32 nm patterning and beyond.
Generalization of Shannon’s theorem for Tsallis entropy (1997)

By using the assumptions that the entropy must (i) be a continuous function of the probabilities {pi}(pi∈(0,1)∀i), only; (ii) be a monotonic increasing function of the number of states W, in the case of equiprobability; (iii) satisfy the pseudoadditivity relation Sq(A+B)/k=Sq(A)/k+Sq(B)/k+(1−q)Sq(A)Sq(B)/k2 (A and B being two independent systems, q∈R and k a positive constant), and (iv) satisfy the relation Sq({pi})=Sq(pL,pM)+pL qSq({pi/pL})+pM qSq({pi/pM}), where pL+pM=1(pL=∑i=1WLpi and pM=∑i=WL+1Wpi), we prove, along Shannon’s lines, that the unique function that satisfies all these properties is the generalized Tsallis entropy Sq=k(1−∑i=1Wpiq)/(q−1).
Influence of curvature on the losses of doubly clad fibers (1982)

The loss increase of the HE(11) mode of a doubly clad (depressed-index) fiber due to constant curvature is considered. The calculations presented in this paper are based on a simplified theory. We find that for typical fibers the leakage loss of the HE(11) mode begins to increase significantly when the radius of curvature of the fiber axis reaches the 1-10-cm range.
Photopolymerization of an Epoxy Resin: Conversion and Temperature Dependence of its Refractive Index (2016)

Obtaining photocomposite materials with predefined optical properties requires a good knowledge of the refractive index evolution of the photopolymerizable media. In this aim, relationships between refractive index and conversion in the course of an epoxy resin photopolymerization are first established due to real time refractometric and infrared spectroscopic techniques. Refractive index value increases with conversion as long as the photocured material is not in glassy state. A shift of the relationship toward lowest refractive index values is observed when the reaction temperature increases. Second, the final photocured materials previously obtained are characterized. It is highlighted that the higher the photocuring temperature, the higher the epoxy conversion but the lower the material density at room temperature. This unusual result can be explained by the evolution of the material thermo‐optic coefficient, d n /d T . Indeed, the higher the conversion, the lower this coefficient. image
Riemannian Normalizing Flow on Variational Wasserstein Autoencoder for Text Modeling (2019)

Recurrent Variational Autoencoder has been widely used for language modeling and text generation tasks. These models often face a difficult optimization problem, also known as the Kullback-Leibler (KL) term vanishing issue, where the posterior easily collapses to the prior, and the model will ignore latent codes in generative tasks. To address this problem, we introduce an improved Wasserstein Variational Autoencoder (WAE) with Riemannian Normalizing Flow (RNF) for text modeling. The RNF transforms a latent variable into a space that respects the geometric characteristics of input space, which makes posterior impossible to collapse to the non-informative prior. The Wasserstein objective minimizes the distance between the marginal distribution and the prior directly and therefore does not force the posterior to match the prior. Empirical experiments show that our model avoids KL vanishing over a range of datasets and has better performances in tasks such as language modeling, likelihood approximation, and text generation. Through a series of experiments and analysis over latent space, we show that our model learns latent distributions that respect latent space geometry and is able to generate sentences that are more diverse.
Structural order in Pannexin 1 cytoplasmic domains (2014)

Pannexin 1 forms ion and metabolite permeable hexameric channels with abundant expression in the central nervous system and elsewhere. Although pannexin 1 does not form intercellular channels, a common channel topology and oligomerization state, as well as involvement of the intracellular carboxyl terminal (CT) domain in channel gating, is shared with connexins. In this study, we characterized the secondary structure of the mouse pannexin 1 cytoplasmic domains to complement structural studies of the transmembrane segments and compare with similar domains from connexins. A combination of structural prediction tools and circular dichroism revealed that, unlike connexins (predominately intrinsically disordered), cytosolic regions of pannexin 1 contain approximately 50% secondary structure, a majority being α-helical. Moreover, prediction of transmembrane domains uncovered a potential membrane interacting region (I360-G370) located upstream of the caspase cleavage site (D375-D378) within the pannexin 1 CT domain. The α-helical content of a peptide containing these domains (G357-S384) increased in the presence of detergent micelles providing evidence of membrane association. We also purified a pannexin 1 CT construct containing the caspase cleavage site (M374-C426), assigned the resonances by NMR, and confirmed cleavage by Caspase-3 in vitro. On the basis of these structural studies of the cytoplasmic domains of pannexin 1, we propose a mechanism for the opening of pannexin 1 channels upon apoptosis, involving structural changes within the CT domain.
Undo and erase events as indicators of usability problems (2009)

One approach to reducing the costs of usability testing is to facilitate the automatic detection of critical incidents: serious breakdowns in interaction that stand out during software use. This research evaluates the use of undo and erase events as indicators of critical incidents in Google SketchUp (a 3D-modeling application), measuring an indicator's usefulness by the numbers and types of usability problems discovered. We compared problems identified using undo and erase events to problems identified using the user-reported critical incident technique [Hartson and Castillo 1998]. In a within-subjects experiment with 35 participants, undo and erase episodes together revealed over 90% of the problems rated as severe, several of which would not have been discovered by self-report alone. Moreover, problems found by all three methods were rated as significantly more severe than those identified by only a subset of methods. These results suggest that undo and erase events will serve as useful complements to user-reported critical incidents for low cost usability evaluation of creation-oriented applications like SketchUp.
Invisible bodies (1975)

An expression is derived for the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by small, nonabsorbing, compound ellipsoids that contain an inner ellipsoidal region and an outer confocal ellipsoidal shell. For certain combinations of dielectric constant, the scattering is zero, thereby rendering the body invisible.
Oligonucleotide-Directed Gene Repair: Promises and Limitations for Plant Gene Modification (2007)

As a new technology for specific mutation induction, oligonucleotide-directed gene repair was investigated for the last decade, in addition to traditional gene transformation and gene targeting based on homologous recombination. This targeted gene repair relies on induction of cellular endogenous DNA repair mechanisms to produce predicted gene alterations, so that the altered gene is expressed under the control of its native promoter. Early successful application of this technology in cultured animal and human cells, and in tobacco and maize cells, promised a new approach for human gene therapy, crop improvement and functional genomics. However, large variations in the repair frequencies and a lack of reproducibility of the early experiments made the technology controversial. Several factors, such as the quality and the delivery of oligonucleotides into cells, were identified as influencing the frequency of repair, while the main obstacle of the technology is a lack of detailed knowledge of gene repair mechanisms at the molecular level. Much research has recently focused on the mechanisms, such as identifying specific DNA repair pathways, and assessing the influence of the cell cycle in the regulation of the repair process. Before the mechanisms are demonstrated and a high repair frequency can be achieved consistently, oligonucleotide-directed gene repair is unlikely to be a favored method for crop improvement and functional genomics in plants. Emerging technologies such as zincfinger nuclease assisted gene targeting and TILLING may be more efficient methods for crop improvement and functional genomics.
Hyperion (2017)

We develop Hyperion a Wearable Augmented Reality (WAR) system based on Google Glass to access text information in the ambient environment. Hyperion is able to retrieve text content from users' current view and deliver the content to them in different ways according to their context. We design four work modalities for different situations that mobile users encounter in their daily activities. In addition, user interaction interfaces are provided to adapt to different application scenarios. Although Google Glass may be constrained by its poor computational capabilities and its limited battery capacity, we utilize code-level offloading to companion mobile devices to improve the runtime performance and the sustainability of WAR applications. System experiments show that Hyperion improves users ability to be aware of text information around them. Our prototype indicates promising potential of converging WAR technology and wearable devices such as Google Glass to improve people's daily activities.
Local Binary Patterns applied to Face Detection and Recognition (2010)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) currently affects 1 in 59 children, although the aetiology of this disorder remains unknown. Faced with multiple seemingly disparate and noncontiguous neurobiological alterations, Rubenstein and Merzenich hypothesized that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurosignaling (E/I imbalance) underlie ASD. Since this initial statement, there has been a major focus examining this exact topic spanning both clinical and preclinical realms. The purpose of this article is to review the <i>clinical</i> neuroimaging literature surrounding E/I imbalance as an aetiology of ASD. Evidence for E/I imbalance is presented from several complementary clinical techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Additionally, two GABAergic potential interventions for ASD, which explicitly attempt to remediate E/I imbalance, are reviewed. The current literature suggests E/I imbalance as a useful framework for discussing the neurobiological etiology of ASD in at least a subset of affected individuals. While not constituting a completely unifying aetiology, E/I imbalance may be relevant as one of several underlying neuropathophysiologies that differentially affect individuals with ASD. Such statements do not diminish the value of the E/I imbalance concept-instead they suggest a possible role for the characterization of E/I imbalance, as well as other underlying neuropathophysiologies, in the biologically-based subtyping of individuals with ASD for potential applications including clinical trial enrichment as well as treatment triage.
Relative abundance of tau and neurofilament epitopes in hippocampal neurofibrillary tangles. (1990)

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) derive, in part, from normal neuronal cytoskeletal proteins, ie, large portions of tau (tau) but only restricted segments of the peripheral domains of the high- and middle-molecular weight neurofilament subunits. To learn more about the events leading to the incorporation of tau and neurofilament epitopes into NFTs, the relative abundance of tau and NF determinants in these lesions was quantitatively analyzed in hippocampi from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and age-matched controls using monoclonal antibodies specific for tau or for NF proteins. Immunostained NFTs appeared qualitatively the same in both AD and controls, ie, every epitope found in AD NFTs occurred also in the NFTs of the control patients. However, in hippocampi with only a few tangles, tau epitopes, but no NF epitopes, were detected in NFTs. In contrast, both tau and NF epitopes were present in those tangles that were found in hippocampi with abundant NFTs. Nevertheless, the number of tau-positive NFTs generally exceeded the number of NF-positive NFTs. These findings indicate that tau epitopes are more abundant than NF epitopes in NFTs and that the formation of NFTs may be linked to a derangement in the normal metabolism of tau that is more extensive than alterations in NF protein metabolism.
A Conewise Linear Elasticity Mixture Model for the Analysis of Tension-Compression Nonlinearity in Articular Cartilage (2000)

A biphasic mixture model is developed that can account for the observed tension-compression nonlinearity of cartilage by employing the continuum-based Conewise Linear Elasticity (CLE) model of Curnier et al. (J. Elasticity, 37, 1-38, 1995) to describe the solid phase of the mixture. In this first investigation, the orthotropic octantwise linear elasticity model was reduced to the more specialized case of cubic symmetry, to reduce the number of elastic constants from twelve to four. Confined and unconfined compression stress-relaxation, and torsional shear testing were performed on each of nine bovine humeral head articular cartilage cylindrical plugs from 6 month old calves. Using the CLE model with cubic symmetry, the aggregate modulus in compression and axial permeability were obtained from confined compression (H-A = 0.64 +/- 0.22 MPa, k2 = 3.62 +/- 0.97 x 10(-16) m4/N.s, r2 = 0.95 +/- 0.03), the tensile modulus, compressive Poisson ratio, and radial permeability were obtained from unconfined compression (E+Y = 12.75 +/- 1.56 MPa, v- = 0.03 +/- 0.01, kr = 6.06 +/- 2.10 x 10(-16) m4/N.s, r2 = 0.99 +/- 0.00), and the shear modulus was obtained from torsional shear (mu = 0.17 +/- 0.06 MPa). The model was also employed to predict the interstitial fluid pressure successfully at the center of the cartilage plug in unconfined compression (r2 = 0.98 +/- 0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that the integration of the CLE model with the biphasic mixture theory can provide a model of cartilage that can successfully curve-fit three distinct testing configurations while producing material parameters consistent with previous reports in the literature.
GenBank (1992)

The GenBank nucleotide sequence database now contains sequence data and associated annotation corresponding to 85,000,000 nucleotides in 67,000 entries from a total of 3,000 organisms. The input stream of data coming into the database is primarily as direct submissions from the scientific community on electronic media, with little or no data being keyboarded from the printed page by the databank staff. The data are maintained in a relational database management system and are made available in flatfile form through on-line access, and through various network and off-line computer-readable media. The data are also distributed in relational form through satellite copies at a number of institutions in the U.S. and elsewhere. In addition, GenBank provides the U.S. distribution center for the BIOSCI electronic bulletin board service.
Sorption and flow of gases in polyethylene (1959)

Abstract Solubilities and diffusivities of N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , and He in a variety of polyethylenes were measured in the temperature range 0–50°C. Polyethylene films studied covered a range of crystallinities (43–82%) and branching indices, and were prepared under a variety of known thermal histories. Diffusivities were determined by the time‐lag method; solubilities, by time‐lag, and also by a newly developed and more accurate static method. Solubilities were found to obey Henry's Law; the solubility constants determined by both methods were found to agree within the limits of accuracy, confirming the applicability of the unsteady‐state diffusion equation to essentially isotropic crystalline polymers. For a given gas at constant temperature, the solubility constant is directly proportional to the volume fraction of amorphous material in a polyethylene sample (as determined by density), irrespective of its origin or thermal history; the concept of the crystallites as an impermeable, dispersed phase thus appears justified. Diffusivities were found to vary widely (nearly fivefold) depending on polymer crystallinity and thermal history and were as much as tenfold lower than the values estimated for completely amorphous polyethylene. Application of principles of flow through porous media to this system leads to a conclusion that abnormally low diffusivities arise predominantly from the impedance to gas flow offered by the dispersed crystalline phase. Variations in diffusivity with branching index and thermal history correlate qualitatively with expected corresponding variations in crystallite growth kinetics and shape; the existence of highly anisometric, laminar crystallites in annealed linear polyethylene is indicated from these studies. The combined influence of crystallinity on solubility and diffusivity permits as much as a tenfold variation in gas permeability of polyethylene depending on polymerization method or fabrication process.