gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power limits of polarization-induced AlGaN/GaN HEMT's (2002)

The present and predicted limits on microwave power performance of undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are presented, based on measured frequency response and drain-source breakdown voltage, both as functions of gate length. The spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization that induce the 2DEG in these HEMTs are covered. Process methods, including Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ passivation are included. Thermal simulation results are shown for heat dissipation that limits channel temperature to 300/spl deg/C. Microwave cw power density limits of 12.5 W/mm at 10 GHz are predicted for class A operation on thick SiC substrates.
Alcohols Effect on Critic Micelle Concentration of Polysorbate 20 and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromine Mixed Solutions (2013)

In this research, the micellar behavior of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and an nonionic surfactant, polysorbate 20 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) in different alcohol solutions media was investigated over the temperature range 293.15-313.15 K. The interaction between two surfactants in binary systems can be determined by calculating the values of their β parameters. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the micelles were determined from the surface tension, the conductivity at different temperatures. The CMC behavior of CTAB and polysorbate 20 was analyzed in terms of the effect of temperature and the increase in the alcohol carbon chain. Changes in the critical micelle concentration of mixed surfactant systems of different alcohol solutions were measured. The CMC decreased sharply as the hydrocarbon chain length of the alcohols becomes larger. This shows that the more hydrophobic alcohols are, the more marked a decrease in CMC is observed.
Etanercept and urticaria in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (2000)

Etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc; Enbrel), has preliminarily been shown to be effective in the management of methotrexate-resistant polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Reported side-effects have been minor, for example injection site reactions and upper respiratory tract infections, not necessitating discontinuation of the medication (1, 2). We report on 2 patients who developed an urticaria-like rash with prurigo appearing bilaterally on the extensor surfaces of the elbows subsequent to etanercept injections.
Purification and characterization of a β‐toxin from the venom of the African scorpion <i>Leiurus quinquestriatus</i> (1987)

The venom of the African scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus was subjected to high-performance ion-exchange chromatography. Among a large number (greater than 25) of small proteins and other substances, a protein component of approx. 6500 Da was purified. The effect of this toxin was tested on single myelinated nerve fibres of the frog Rana esculenta. Toxin concentrations less than 10 nM produced clear effects. Activation rather than inactivation of the voltage-dependent sodium channel was strongly affected. Thus, this toxin from an African scorpion acts like the beta-toxins present in the venom of North American scorpions.
Efficient degenerate four-wave mixing in a diode-pumped microchip Nd:YVO_4 amplifier (1995)

The process of saturable-gain degenerate four-wave mixing in a diode-pumped microchip Nd:YVO(4) amplifier is investigated. To enhance the efficiency of the interaction, multipass geometries are employed in which the weak signal beam and therefore the conjugate beam experience several passes in the gain medium. Degenerate fourwave mixing reflectivities as high as R = 10% and R = 170% have been obtained experimentally for 130-W diode pumping with two-pass and four-pass geometries, respectively. Finally, the imaging capabilities of the volume population hologram written in the Nd:YVO(4) amplifier are demonstrated.
A Methodology for Nowcasting Unstable Approaches (2016)

The approach-and-landing is one of the most complex procedures in airline operations. To mitigate the potential risks in this phase of flight, airlines and regulators have published stabilized approach criteria that require the flight crew to check a set of conditions at 1000’ and 500’ above ground level (AGL). If the stabilization criteria are not met, the flight crew is required to abort the approach by executing a go-around, which adds operational costs to the flight and reduces runway efficiency.
Dynamic Cognitive Tracing: Towards Unified Discovery of Student and Cognitive Models (2012)

This work describes a unified approach to two problems pre-viously addressed separately in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: (i) Cognitive Modeling, which factorizes problem solving steps into the latent set of skills required to perform them [7]; and (ii) Student Modeling, which infers students ’ learn-ing by observing student performance [9]. The practical importance of improving understanding of how students learn is to build better intelligent tutors [8]. The expected advantages of our integrated approach include (i) more accurate prediction of a student’s future perfor-mance, and (ii) clustering items into skills automatically, without expensive manual expert knowledge annotation. We introduce a unified model, Dynamic Cognitive Trac-ing, to explain student learning in terms of skill mastery over time, by learning the Cognitive Model and the Stu-dent Model jointly. We formulate our approach as a graph-ical model, and we validate it using sixty different synthetic datasets. Dynamic Cognitive Tracing significantly outper-forms single-skill Knowledge Tracing on predicting future student performance. 1.
Keratan Sulfate as a Potential Biomarker of Loading of the Intervertebral Disc (1998)

Quantification of keratan sulfate in serum offers a promising measure for the early effects of mechanical loading of the spine, but research is needed for validation.
Safety and Efficacy of Eletriptan in the Treatment of Acute Migraine (2006)

Eletriptan is a new selective serotonin agonist approved for the treatment of acute migraine headaches. To review the pharmacologic, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, safety, and clinical efficacy data for eletriptan, we searched the literature in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Science Direct databases to gather all published reports from January 1996-October 2004. All English-language reports (abstract or full trial reports) about the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of eletriptan were reviewed. Eletriptan's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters translate into a favorable safety and efficacy profile. The drug is rapidly absorbed when administered orally, has good bioavailability and central nervous system penetration due to its lipophilicity, and has a long half-life, which contributes to its ability to prevent recurrent headaches. Compared with other serotonin agonists, eletriptan has a longer duration of action and greater lipophilicity. Eletriptan is metabolized through the cytochrome P450 3A4 system; therefore, it does have the potential for clinically significant drug interactions. In clinical trials, eletriptan demonstrated efficacy superior to that of placebo and similar or superior efficacy to that of other serotonin agonists, with limited adverse effects. With clinical use, headache and pain-free responses and headache recurrence rates were similar to those of other serotonin agonists, but the agent is superior to ergotamine tartrate-caffeine. Based on pharmaco-economic data, eletriptan is more cost-effective than other agents in its class. Eletriptan is a safe and cost-effective option for the treatment of migraine headaches.
Characterization of the flavin association in hexose oxidase from <i>Chondrus crispus</i> (2006)

Hexose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.5) from Hansenula polymorpha was found to exhibit a dual covalent association of FAD with His79 via an 8 alpha-histidyl linkage as well as a covalent association between Cys138 and C-6 of the isoalloxazine moiety of FAD. Spectral properties of the wild-type enzyme exhibited maxima at 364 nm and 437 nm as well as a distinct shoulder at 445 nm. An H79K mutant enzyme exhibited only one maximum at 437 nm. The difference absorption spectrum between an oxidized and a substrate-reduced enzyme preparation showed maxima at 360 nm and 445 nm corresponding to an apparent novel type of association. Hexose oxidase showed a low, pH-independent fluorescence at 525 nm when excited at 450 nm. Flavin was released from the holoenzyme by treatment with trypsin. Sequencing of the flavopeptide revealed two peptides comprising positions 74-91 and 132-157 associated with FAD in equimolar amounts. A homology model of hexose oxidase was constructed using the crystal structure of glucooligosaccharide oxidase from Acremonium strictum as template. The model placed both of the sequences found above in the close vicinity of the FAD cofactor, and suggests covalent bonds between both His79 and Cys138 and FAD, in accordance with the chemical evidence. Based on the results, hexose oxidase is identified as incorporating FAD with a double covalent association with His79 and Cys138 in the holoenzyme. A reaction mechanism involving the concerted action of Tyr488 and Asp409 in hexose oxidase is suggested as the initiator of the proton abstraction from the substrate molecule in the active site.
SARS-CoV-2 proteases PLpro and 3CLpro cleave IRF3 and critical modulators of inflammatory pathways (NLRP12 and TAB1): implications for disease presentation across species (2020)

The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes two viral proteases (NSP3/papain-like protease and NSP5/3C-like protease) that are responsible for cleaving viral polyproteins during replication. Here, we discovered new functions of the NSP3 and NSP5 proteases of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that they could directly cleave proteins involved in the host innate immune response. We identified 3 proteins that were specifically and selectively cleaved by NSP3 or NSP5: IRF-3, and NLRP12 and TAB1, respectively. Direct cleavage of IRF3 by NSP3 could explain the blunted Type-I IFN response seen during SARS-CoV-2 infections while NSP5 mediated cleavage of NLRP12 and TAB1 point to a molecular mechanism for enhanced production of cytokines and inflammatory responThe genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes two viral proteases (NSP3/papain-like protease and NSP5/3C-like protease) that are responsible for cleaving viral polyproteins during replication. Here, we discovered new functions of the NSP3 and NSP5 proteases of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that they could directly cleave proteins involved in the host innate immune response. We identified 3 proteins that were specifically and selectively cleaved by NSP3 or NSP5: IRF-3, and NLRP12 and TAB1, respectively. Direct cleavage of IRF3 by NSP3 could explain the blunted Type-I IFN response seen during SARS-CoV-2 infections while NSP5 mediated cleavage of NLRP12 and TAB1 point to a molecular mechanism for enhanced production of cytokines and inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients. We demonstrate that in the mouse NLRP12 protein, one of the recognition site is not cleaved in our <i>in-vitro</i> assay. We pushed this comparative alignment of IRF-3 and NLRP12 homologs and show that the lack or presence of cognate cleavage motifs in IRF-3 and NLRP12 could contribute to the presentation of disease in cats and tigers, for example. Our findings provide an explanatory framework for indepth studies into the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Efficient data reduction with EASE (2003)

A variety of mining and analysis problems --- ranging from association-rule discovery to contingency table analysis to materialization of certain approximate datacubes --- involve the extraction of knowledge from a set of categorical count data. Such data can be viewed as a collection of "transactions," where a transaction is a fixed-length vector of counts. Classical algorithms for solving count-data problems require one or more computationally intensive passes over the entire database and can be prohibitively slow. One effective method for dealing with this ever-worsening scalability problem is to run the algorithms on a small sample of the data. We present a new data-reduction algorithm, called EASE, for producing such a sample. Like the FAST algorithm introduced by Chen et al., EASE is especially designed for count data applications. Both EASE and FAST take a relatively large initial random sample and then deterministically produce a subsample whose "distance" --- appropriately defined --- from the complete database is minimal. Unlike FAST, which obtains the final subsample by quasi-greedy descent, EASE uses epsilon-approximation methods to obtain the final subsample by a process of repeated halving. Experiments both in the context of association rule mining and classical χ2 contingency-table analysis show that EASE outperforms both FAST and simple random sampling, sometimes dramatically.
Multifunctional aliphatic polyester nanofibers for tissue engineering (2012)

Electrospun fibers based on aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), have been widely used in regenerative medicine and drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, low cost and ease of fabrication. However, these aliphatic polyester fibers are hydrophobic in nature, resulting in poor wettability, and they lack functional groups for decorating the scaffold with chemical and biological cues. Current strategies employed to overcome these challenges include coating and blending the fibers with bioactive components or chemically modifying the fibers with plasma treatment and reactants. In the present study, we report on designing multifunctional electrospun nanofibers based on the inclusion complex of PCL-α-cyclodextrin (PCL-α-CD), which provides both structural support and multiple functionalities for further conjugation of bioactive components. This strategy is independent of any chemical modification of the PCL main chain, and electrospinning of PCL-α-CD is as easy as electrospinning PCL. Here, we describe synthesis of the PCL-α-CD electrospun nanofibers, elucidate composition and structure, and demonstrate the utility of functional groups on the fibers by conjugating a fluorescent small molecule and a polymeric-nanobead to the nanofibers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of PCL-α-CD nanofibers for promoting osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which induced a higher level of expression of osteogenic markers and enhanced production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or molecules compared with control PCL fibers.
Enantiospecific and Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolidines and Indolizidines from <i>trans</i>-4-Hydroxy-<scp>l</scp>-proline (1996)

We have developed a short, efficient, and stereoselective synthesis of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and indolizidine glycosidase inhibitors starting from 4-hydroxy-L-proline. The regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of an N-Pf-4-oxoproline enolate and the stereoselective reduction of the resulting keto alcohol allowed us to introduce the cis diol present in the target compounds. The different side chains needed to complete the syntheses of the target compounds were introduced by reduction of the ester group of a substituted proline or by reaction of organolithium or organomagnesium reagents with the same group followed by stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketones. Hydrogenolysis of the alcohols thus obtained gave the hydrochlorides of the desired pyrrolidine glycosidase inhibitors, which were obtained in nine steps in overall yields greater than 50%. The indolizidine glycosidase inhibitor 8-epi-swainsonine was also prepared using this approach.
Coking Diesel by FS Non-hydrotreating Process (2009)

Abstract The coking diesel oil was refined by Fu Shun (a shop sign of refining reagent) chemical refining reagent and FS0l (a shop sign of complexing-trapped reagent), which were developed by us. The results show that when the mass ratio of reagent to oil is 1:350, the existent gum removed rate was 42%, the oxidized total insolubles was from 8.7 reduced to 2.3 mg/100 mL, the content of mercaptan sulfur was from 97.5 to 0 μg.g−1, and the yield of refined diesel was 99.65%. The storage stabilities of refined coking diesels were improved greatly and were still lower than 2.5 mg/100 mL after three months in storage. After the refined coking diesel was blended with straight-run diesel and fluid catalytic cracking diesel oil in proportion as 2:2:1, the chromaticity was decreased and all quality indexes met the national quality standards of #10 light diesel oil. After being stored for three months, the storage stability of blended diesel still met the criteria of the GB252-2000. This refining process is simple and low in investment and operation costs, a good approach for refineries without hydrogenation capacity to refine coking diesel oil.
Phonon scattering processes in molybdenum disulfide (2019)

Compared with graphene, 2H-MoS2 possesses a non-zero bandgap and thus has an unlimited potential for electronic, spintronic, and optoelectronic applications. Understanding of the phonon scattering mechanisms is crucial to its device applications because the heat flow and transport are the basic processes functioning at various temperatures. So far, the knowledge of the phonon anharmonicity of 2H-MoS2 is limited due to the availability from a narrow temperature range and the absence of the low frequency phonon information. Here, we report an experimental study on the temperature dependence of the frequency and linewidth of 2H-MoS2 by Raman scattering over a wide temperature range from 2.2 to 1000 K and down to the wavenumber of 10 cm−1. The cubic anharmonicity is found to be dominant at low temperatures, and quartic anharmonicity predominates at high temperatures. The obtained shear mode seems insensitive to the anharmonic effects. The damping effects are discussed based on the available experimental data. These phonon scattering behaviors of 2H-MoS2 are of great help to the future nanodevice developments and applications.
Performance Evaluation of the microPET®—FOCUS-F120 (2007)

microPETreg-Focus-F120 is the latest model of dedicated small animal PET scanners from CTI-Concorde Microsystems LLC, (Knoxville, TN). This scanner, based on the geometry of the microPET-R4, takes advantage of several detector modifications to the coincidence processing electronics that improve the image resolution, sensitivity, and counting rate performance as compared to the predecessor models. This work evaluates the performance of the Focus-F120 system and shows its improvement over the earlier models. In particular, the spatial resolution is shown to improve from 2.32 to 1.69 mm at 5 mm radial distance and the peak absolute sensitivity increases from 4.1% to 7.1% compared to the microPET-R4. The counting rate capability, expressed in noise equivalent counting rate (NEC-1R), was shown to peak at over 800 kcps at 88 MBq for both systems using a mouse phantom. For this small phantom, the NECR counting rate is limited by the data transmission bandwidth between the scanner and the acquisition console. The rat-like phantom showed peak NEC-1R value at 300 kcps at 140 MBq. Evaluation of image quality and quantitation accuracy was also performed using specially designed phantoms and animal experiments
Synthesis of buried oxide by plasma implantation with oxygen and water plasma (2002)

Separation by plasma implantation of oxygen (SPIMOX) is a novel method for fabricating silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. This method uses plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) where the desired voltage of implant is applied to a wafer immersed in a plasma. SPIMOX is particularly suited for thin separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) wafer fabrication. High implantation rates can be achieved in SPIMOX. A dose of nearly 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/ with an implant current density of 1 mA cm/sup -2/ can be achieved in 3 minutes of implantation time. The short implantation time and the simplicity of the implantation equipment makes it a potentially more economical method for fabricating SIMOX wafers. Moreover, the theoretical time for implantation remains constant in SPIMOX with increase in wafer size.
Repetitive and safe transgene expression in rat liver is achievable by adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct. (2005)

To examine the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into the liver, we examined whether adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct could induce repetitive and safe transgene expression in rat livers. Recombinant adenovirus carrying a reporter lacZ gene was repetitively infused retrogradely into the common bile duct of rats. LacZ expression in rat livers was estimated histochemically by X-gal staining and quantitatively by a chemiluminescent reporter gene assay after the first, second and third adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct. To assess the safety of repetitive adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct, various liver- and kidney-related serum parameters, and liver damage were examined biochemically and histologically, respectively. Retrograde adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct achieved sufficient and safe lacZ expression in rat livers. Although transgene expression in the liver was transient, the second and third adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct could induce the expression of the same transgene in the liver. Furthermore, repetitive adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct caused no significant reverse reactions. Because retrograde adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct is a clinically practical method by using a widely used endoscopic technique, namely endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, these results suggest that retrograde adenoviral infusion into the common bile duct is a practical gene therapy modality in clinical settings.
Parvovirus B19 Empty Capsids as Antigen Carriers for Presentation of Antigenic Determinants of Dengue 2 Virus (2006)

For the production of dengue-vaccine candidates, empty capsids, or virus-like particles (VLPs), of parvovirus B19 that carry dengue 2-specific epitopes were employed as antigen carriers. Two epitopes (comprising amino acids 352-368 and 386-397) of domain BIII of the envelope glycoprotein were chosen to produce recombinant B19 VLPs for immunization of BALB/c mice. Serum samples from immunized mice revealed that recombinant B19 VLPs elicited strong humoral immune responses. In summary, this B19 VLP-vaccine platform produced high (> or =2.0 x 10(5)) anti-dengue 2 titers and robust (< or =1 120) 50%-plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT(50)) titers, which effectively neutralized live dengue 2 virus in PRNT(50) assays.
Biologically Active Peptides from Milk Proteins with Emphasis on Two Examples Concerning Antithrombotic and Immunomodulating Activities (1993)

The present paper is devoted to the study of short peptides derived from milk proteins with physiological activities. Some of them behaved as opioids, enzyme inhibitors that convert angiotensin I, peptides that enhance calcium absorption, antiaggregating and antithrombotic peptides, and immunomodulating peptides. Some possessed several physiological properties, such as the C-terminal part of bovine alpha s1-casein. A strategic zone, containing immunostimulating and opioid peptides, could be located in cow and human beta-caseins. Few of these peptides or precursor peptides have so far been characterized in vivo in blood or brain after ingestion of milk. If, in the future, some of the active peptides cannot be characterized in vivo, they can all nevertheless be synthesized and used either as food additives or in pharmacology.