gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus–Related Virus in Normal and Tumor Tissue of Patients from the Southern United States with Prostate Cancer Is Dependent on Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Conditions (2010)

XMRV is detectable in normal and tumor prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer, independent of R462Q. The presence of XMRV in normal tissue suggests that infection may precede cancer onset.
A review of fault-tolerant techniques for the enhancement of integrated circuit yield (1986)

This paper examines the ways in which the yield of integrated circuit production can be improved through the use of circuit design techniques. The bulk of the paper is concerned with fault-tolerant approaches but aspects of circuit layout are also considered briefly. The paper reviews the fault-tolerant techniques which are currently in use in memory chips and discusses those which have been proposed for other architectures and large-area chips up to whole wafers. It surveys the crucial topics of yield prediction and of repair technology and outlines the options available for the future.
Synergistic effect of insulin-like growth factor-I administration on the protein-sparing effects of total parenteral nutrition in fasted lambs. (1992)

Using primed constant isotopic infusions, we investigated the effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion on protein kinetics in both fasted and parenterally fed (TPN) lambs. Infusion of IGF-I at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg.h in fasted animals increased (P less than 0.005) the mean plasma IGF-I concentration from 77.5 +/- 9.7 to 454.4 +/- 51.4 ng/ml. During IGF-I infusion the rate of net protein catabolism (NPC) was decreased (P less than 0.005) by 17% from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.2 g/kg.day, and the rate of appearance (Ra) of leucine in plasma decreased (P less than 0.01) from 5.0 +/- 0.4 to 3.4 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg.min. In addition, the fractional synthetic rate of protein in cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle increased by 100% (P less than 0.05) during the same period. After 3 h of TPN, the rate of NPC was decreased (P less than 0.01) in the TPN animals compared to that in their fasted counterparts (1.89 +/- 2.27 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.2 g/kg.day, respectively). The rate of NPC was further decreased after another 300 min of TPN to 0.76 +/- 0.27 g/kg.day. However, the Ra of leucine was not changed compared to the initial value. Infusion of IGF-I concurrently with TPN reversed (P less than 0.001) the rate of NPC from 1.02 +/- 0.21 g/kg.day after 180 min of TPN alone to a state of net protein gain of 0.14 +/- 0.19 g/kg.day after a further 300 min of combined IGF-I and TPN infusion. The Ra of leucine decreased (P less than 0.01) from 3.9 +/- 0.8 to 2.5 +/- 0.47 mumol/kg.min during IGF-I and TPN infusion. Similarly, the fractional synthetic rates of protein in cardiac muscle, diaphragm, adductor muscle, psoas muscle, and hepatic tissue were increased (P less than 0.05) compared to those in animals that received only TPN. The protein-sparing effects of IGF-I and TPN were synergistic, and the infusion of both agents resulted in the induction of a protein anabolic state within 60 min of commencing IGF-I infusion. In contrast, neither IGF-I nor TPN alone resulted in a state of net protein anabolism, and neither had an effect on protein kinetics until 120 min into the infusion. Consequently, IGF-I shows considerable potential as an anticatabolic agent when used synergistically with nutritional support.
Structure-Activity Relation of NH2-terminal Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragments (1998)

Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is involved in the regulation of the calcium level in blood. This hormone function is located in the NH2-terminal 34 amino acids of the 84-amino acid peptide hormone and is transduced via the adenylate cyclase and the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. It is well known that truncation of the two NH2-terminal amino acids of the hormone leads to complete loss of in vivo normocalcemic function. To correlate loss of calcium level regulatory activity after stepwise NH2-terminal truncation and solution structure, we studied the conformations of fragments hPTH-(2-37), hPTH-(3-37), and hPTH-(4-37) in comparison to hPTH-(1-37) in aqueous buffer solution under near physiological conditions by circular dichroism spectroscopy, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. All peptides show helical structures and hydrophobic interactions between Leu-15 and Trp-23 that lead to a defined loop region from His-14 to Ser-17. A COOH-terminal helix from Met-18 to at least Leu-28 was found for all peptides. The helical structure in the NH2-terminal part of the peptides was lost in parallel with the NH2-terminal truncation and can be correlated with the loss of calcium regulatory activity.
High performance 4:1 multiplexer with ambipolar double-gate FETs (2011)

In this paper, we exploit the ambipolarity property of double gate devices such as DG-CNTFETs to design a new 4:1 multiplexer, with a significant reduction in circuit complexity with respect to conventional CMOS-based multiplexers for equivalent functionality. Based on Pass-Transistor Logic, it demonstrates performance improvement of up to 3× concerning Power-Delay-Product reduction, as compared to conventional multiplexers, and an area reduction of at least 2× compared to any 4:1 multiplexer, and up to 3× when compared to a static-logic design.
The kinetics of condensation of phenolic polyflavonoid tannins with aldehydes (1980)

Abstract The rate constants and free energies of activation of the acid‐and base‐catalyzed reactions of floroglucinolic and resorcinolic flavonoid A rings of pine and wattle tannins, respectively, as well as the model compounds resorcinol, floroglucinol, and catechol, with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n ‐butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, and furfural, were obtained. Second‐order kinetics were found to fit these reactions. Indication and proof of the existence of unstable aldehyde ether bridges and their fast rearrangement at ambient temperature to alkyl bridges for fast‐reacting phenols or phenolic compounds, such as tannins, were obtained for the first time. The dependence of the reaction kinetics on the concentration of OH‐ catalyst was investigated. Anomalies in the behavior of wattle tannin with aldehydes and n ‐butyraldehyde with phenols were observed and partially explained. The results led to a slightly different interpretation of the wattle tannin flavonoid structure.
Initiation of pacemaker endless loop tachycardia by triboelectricity (2001)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy: fact or fiction?Nearly every physician is familiar with the concept that patients with diabetes mellitus have a heightened cardiovascular mortality rate. 1 Cardiovascular complications are now the leading cause of diabetes related morbidity and mortality. 2It is generally appreciated that the major cardiac
Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Generation of a Tissue-Engineered Tooth-Like Structure (2012)

Stem cells, such as adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells, are the most important seed cells employed in tooth tissue engineering. Even though dental-derived stem cells are a good source of seed cells for such procedures, they are not often used in clinical applications because of the limited supply. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, with their high proliferation and differentiation ability, are now considered a promising alternative. The objectives of this study were to assess the role of iPS cells in tooth tissue engineering. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm that mouse iPS (miPS) cells can be induced to express both odontogenic and osteogenic gene profiles. We then established a tooth germ model and transplanted the recombinant tooth germ into a mouse subrenal capsule for 4 weeks to reproduce early-tooth organogenesis. After 4 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed newly formed bone-like and dental pulp-like areas. Further immunohistochemical staining confirmed that osteopontin was present in the apical part of the tooth-like structure. These results demonstrate that miPS cells have the potential to differentiate into odontogenic cells, confirming that they could be a new source of seed cells for use in tooth tissue engineering.
Quasicrystals. II. Unit-cell configurations (1986)

In this (second) paper, quasicrystalline configurations of unit cells are analyzed for the cases of pentagonal and icosahedral orientational symmetry. We illustrate how two ideal quasicrystal structures with the same orientational symmetry and unit cells can be composed from very different local configurations of the cells and emphasize the mathematical and physical significance of subdividing the configurations into local isomorphism (LI) classes. We discuss various methods of constructing quasicrystal unit-cell configurations and techniques for determining the LI classes that the methods generate. Using these techniques, we derive a prescription for constructing the special LI class corresponding to the three-dimensional (3D) icosahedral analogue of the original Penrose tilings (configurations which can be generated by local matching and deflation rules). This prescription is then implemented and the resulting 3D packing is described in detail.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol version 3 (LDAPv3): All Operational Attributes (2003)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) supports a mechanism for requesting the return of all user attributes but not all operational attributes. This document describes an LDAP extension which clients may use to request the return of all operational attributes.
Robust Object Matching for Persistent Tracking with Heterogeneous Features (2006)

Tracking objects over a long period of time in realistic environments remains a challenging problem for ground and aerial video surveillance. Matching objects and verifying their identities across multiple spatial and temporal gaps proves to be an effective way to extend tracking range. When an object track is lost due to occlusion or other reasons, we need to learn the object signature and use it to confirm the object's identity against a set of active objects when it appears again. In order to deal with poor image quality and large variations in aerial video tracking, we present in this paper a unified framework that employs a heterogeneous collection of features such as lines, points and regions for robust vehicle matching under variations in illumination, aspect and camera poses. Our approach fully utilizes the characteristics of vehicular objects that consist of relatively large textureless areas delimited by line like features, and demonstrates the important usage of heterogeneous features for different stages of vehicle matching. Experiments demonstrate the enhancement in performance of vehicle identification across multiple sightings using the heterogeneous feature set.
Influence of Design Variables on Failure Loads of Sandwich Beam (2003)

Sandwich structures have been widely used in the applications of vessel industry, where high structural stiffness is required with small addition of weight. It is so significant to think of the effect of the variables in the design process of the sandwich structure for the concentrated loads. This paper describes the influence of design variables, such as core density, core thickness and face thickness ratio, on the strength of sandwich beam. The theoretical failure loads based on the 2-D elasticity theory agree well with the experimental yield or failure loads, which are measured at the three point bending laboratory test using AS4/3501-6 facing and polyurethane foam core sandwich beam. The comparison of those yield or failure loads was also done with the ratio of the top to bottom face thickness. The theoretical optimum condition is obtained by finding the intersection point of failure modes involved, which gives optimum core density of the sandwich beam for strength and stiffness. In the addition, the effect of unequal face thickness for the optimized and off-optimized sandwich beams for the strength was compared with the ratio of loading length to beam length, and the variations of strength and stiffness were discussed with the relative ratio of core to face mass.
Active Input Filter (2002)

The paper refers to a study of an Active Input Filter (AIF) compatible with the ISS power bus quality. The objective of such filter is to provide a complete self-standing protection for the source and the payload, hence to provide a current limitation and voltage transient reduction, with low part count, low mass and low cost. The performance of the presented solution is quite independent from the source and load characteristics, hence this type of filter can be used as universal power bus protection and adapter, allowing the utilization of off-the-shelf components/units and saving on the development of the payloads. A complete detailed design of the proposed circuit will be presented together with analysis and breadboard tests results.
Hopfield neural network implementation of the optimal CDMA multiuser detector (1996)

We investigate the application of Hopfield neural networks (HNN's) to the problem of multiuser detection in spread spectrum/CDMA (code division multiple access) communication systems. It is shown that the NP-complete problem of minimizing the objective function of the optimal multiuser detector (OMD) can be translated into minimizing an HNN "energy" function, thus allowing to take advantage of the ability of HNN's to perform very fast gradient descent algorithms in analog hardware and produce in real-time suboptimal solutions to hard combinatorial optimization problems. The performance of the proposed HNN receiver is evaluated via computer simulations and compared to that of other suboptimal schemes as well as to that of the OMD for both the synchronous and the asynchronous CDMA transmission cases. It is shown that the HNN detector exhibits a number of attractive properties and that it provides a powerful generalization of a well-known and extensively studied suboptimal scheme, namely the multistage detector.
Oestriol in the Prophylactic Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Postmenopausal Women (1992)

A block randomized, double-blind, group-comparative, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of oestriol on recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. 40 women, median age 78 years (66-91), 20 in each group, were treated with oestriol three mg p.o. per day or corresponding placebo for four weeks, followed by one mg per day for eight weeks. The main response parameter was the number of urinary tract infections per week in the two treatment periods. Both oestriol and placebo reduced the number of infections per week significantly in both periods, compared with the pretreatment period. There was no difference between oestriol and placebo treatment in the first period. In the second period, however, oestriol treatment was significantly more effective than placebo (p = 0.05). Correspondingly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the vaginal pH at the end of the study (p less than 0.05). We conclude that oestriol reduces recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women.
Effect of Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes on Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Nanofluids (2007)

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of the morphology of carbon nanotubes on the thermal conductivity of suspensions. Three different types of carbon nanotubes, classified by aspect ratio well their aqueous suspensions, were prepared and characterized through the analyses of Raman spectroscopy: thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effective thermal conductivities of the samples were measured using a steady-state cut bar apparatus method. Enhancements based on the thermal conductivity of the base fluid are presented functions of both the volume fraction and the temperature. Although functionalized single-walled nanotubes a more stable and homogeneous suspension, the addition of small amounts of surfactant to suspensions of as produced single-walled nanotubes demonstrated a greater increase in effective thermal conductivity than functionalized single-walled nanotubes alone. The effective thermal conductivity enhancement corresponding to 1.0% by volume approached ≈10%, which was observed to be lower than expected but more than twice the value, 3.5%, obtained for similar tests conducted using aluminum oxide suspensions. However, for suspensions of multiwalled nanotubes, the degree of enhancement was measured to be approximately 37%. Comparison of the measured data and that predicted by a previously developed theoretical model indicated good agreement for a corresponding shape factor, n, of 12 for the single-walled nanotubes, whereas multiwalled nanotube suspensions were well matched when the shape factor was 36, indicating that extension of the theoretical model may allow it to be applied to carbon nanotube suspensions if the effect of clustering can be accurately predicted.
Immunogenic HIV variant peptides that bind to HLA-B8 can fail to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses (1995)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV infection can be impaired through variation in the epitope regions of viral proteins such as a gag. We report here an analysis of variant epitope peptides in three gag epitopes presented by HLA B8. Fifteen variant peptides were examined for their binding to HLA-B8; all but one bound at concentrations comparable to known epitopes. All except two of those that bound could be recognized by CTL from an HLA-B8 positive HIV-1-infected patient and were therefore immunogenic. However, in a hemophiliac patient studied in detail, there was a failure to respond to two immunogenic peptide epitopes representing virus present as provirus in the patient's peripheral blood. In one case, the patient's CTL had previously responded to the peptide; in the other case, there was a good response to a peptide of closely related sequence. Thus there was a selective failure of the CTL response to some proviral epitopes. This impaired reaction to new variants could contribute to the loss of immune control of the infection.
Ultrasonic Transducer with a Two-Dimensional Gaussian Field Profile (1983)

A transducer is described which generates a two-dimensional Gaussian field by controlling both the position of multiple circular electrodes and the voltage applied to each electrode. The transducer is constructed by depositing concentric rings electrodes onto one flat surface of a circular piezoelectric crystal disk and attaching the rings to an impedance matching network which acts as a voltage divider. Geometrical inter-ring separations and electrical inter-ring impedances are designed to minimize the error between the generated acoustic field, modeled as a piecewise linear function, and the desired Gaussian distribution. Total mean squared error between the averaged far-field data and a Gaussian shape is less than two percent.
Pulse propagation in polyester–solvent systems (1976)

Abstract The propagation of sonic pulses through solvent‐swollen polyester yarns has been investigated. A discontinuity is observed in the temperature dependence of the pulse transit time which has been associated with the on set of the glass transition of the polyester–solvent system. Good agreement is reached for several systems with an extrapolated zero shrinkage temperature obtained from dynamic shrinkage determination of the filament in the appropriate solvent. The agreement between the two methods suggests that an interaction parameter for the polyester–solvent system is measured which must ba associated with the onset of its glass transition.
Properties of a Yeast Cytochrome P‐450‐Containing Enzyme System which Catalyzes the Hydroxylation of Fatty Acids, Alkanes, and Drugs (1973)

The growth of Candida tropicalis on tetradecane causes the induction of a cytochrome P‐450‐containing enzyme system which catalyzes the hydroxylation of fatty acids, hydrocarbons and drugs. When the cells are broken by treatment with a French pressure cell, the cytochrome P‐450 is obtained in an apparently soluble form. The enzyme system was resolved into three components: cytochrome P‐450, NADPH‐cytochrome P‐450 reductase, and a heat‐stable lipid fraction, all of which are necessary, along with NADPH and molecular oxygen, for the conversion of laurate to ω‐hydroxylaurate. NADH alone is almost completely inactive but causes a doubling of the activity when present along with a saturating level of NADPH. The yeast reductase and lipid fractions may be replaced by corresponding fractions obtained from rat liver microsomes. The effect of various phospholipids on the hydroxylation activity was investigated, and a yeast lysophosphati‐dylethanolamine fraction was shown to be most effective as judged by laurate hydroxylation. The yeast cytochrome P‐450 is not readily autoxidizable, as shown by experiments in which it was reduced extensively by NADPH in the presence of phospholipid and the reductase under aerobic conditions.
(<i>Z</i>)-2-(3-Thienyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile (2005)

The title compound, C16H15NO3S, was prepared by base-catalyzed reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxy­benzaldehyde with thio­phene-3-acetonitrile. The olefinic bond has Z geometry and thien­yl ring flip disorder is observed.
Polyamine analogues inhibit the ubiquitination of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase and prevent its targeting to the proteasome for degradation (2001)

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), a key enzyme in mammalian polyamine catabolism, undergoes rapid turnover (half-life approx. 30min) and is highly inducible in response to polyamine analogues such as bis(ethyl)spermine (BE-3-4-3), which greatly stabilize the enzyme. Rapid degradation of SSAT in reticulocyte lysates was preceded by formation of a ladder of ubiquitinated forms, and required the production of high-molecular-mass complexes with ubiquitin (HMM-SSAT–Ubs). Mutation of all 11 lysines in SSAT separately to arginine demonstrated that no single lysine residue is critical for its degradation in vitro, but mutant K87R had a significantly longer half-life, suggesting that lysine-87 may be the preferred site for ubiquitination. Mutations at the C-terminus of SSAT, such as E171Q, resulted in marked stabilization of the protein, due to the lack of formation of the HMM-SSAT–Ubs. Addition of BE-3-4-3 prevented the accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates and the proteasomal degradation of wild-type SSAT. These results indicate that conformational changes brought about by the binding of polyamine analogues prevent the efficient polyubiquitination of SSAT, leading to a major increase in the amount of SSAT protein, and that alteration of the C-terminal end of the protein has a similar effect in preventing the productive interaction with an E2 or E3 component of the ubiquitin pathway.
Voyage—New York (2009)

On the morning of the 16th of October, I embarked at Liverpool, on board of the American packet ship, New York, Captain Bennet, bound for the port of the same name. There were twenty-six passengers on board, and though the accommodations were excellent, the cabin, as might be expected, was somewhat disagreeably crowded. Our party consisted of about fifteen or sixteen Americans, some half-dozen countrymen of my own, two or three English, a Swiss, and a Frenchman.