gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of sucrose fatty acid esters as food emulsifiers and evaluation of their surface active and emulsification properties. (1999)

A simple method for the preparation of sucrose esters, from fatty acids and the least expensive sucrose, has been conducted. Fatty acids namely lauric, palmitic and oleic were used in their preparation in the absence of any organic solvent. Reasonable yields amounting to 86.5%, 87.3% and 88.6% for sucrose esters of laurate, palmitate and oleate were obtained, respectively. The products were evaluated for their hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), surface and interfacial tension properties as well as emulsion stability. The results showed that these sucrose esters exhibit similar properties as those of the commercially prepared compounds.
Preparation and characterization of vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate and its topotactic transformation to vanadyl pyrophosphate (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate and its topotactic transformation to vanadyl pyrophosphateJack W. Johnson, David C. Johnston, Allan J. Jacobson, and John F. BrodyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 26, 8123–8128Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00338a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00338a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18366Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The closure of an abdominal fistula using self- polymerizing silicone rubbers - case study (1994)

A case is described where an abdominal fistula was temporarily closed using a plug made from dental addition curing silicone rubber impression material. An effective seal was maintained using a stoma flange and a gentle pressure dressing; this still allowed normal gastric function.
Does the autonomic nervous system play a role in the development of insulin resistance? A study on heart rate variability in first‐degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes patients and control subjects (2003)

An altered balance of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity, mainly explained by an attenuated parasympathetic activity, might contribute to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
Real-Time Molecular Imaging of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolism in Vivo by Hyperpolarized 1-<sup>13</sup>C Diethyl Succinate (2011)

The Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is central to metabolic energy production and is known to be altered in many disease states. Real-time molecular imaging of the TCA cycle in vivo will be important in understanding the metabolic basis of several diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG-glucose (2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose) is already being used as a metabolic imaging agent in clinics. However, FDG-glucose does not reveal anything past glucose uptake and phosphorylation. We have developed a new metabolic imaging agent, hyperpolarized diethyl succinate-1-(13)C-2,3-d(2) , that allows for real-time in vivo imaging and spectroscopy of the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate can be hyperpolarized via parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) in an aqueous solution with signal enhancement of 5000 compared to Boltzmann polarization. (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were achieved in vivo seconds after injection of 10-20 μmol of hyperpolarized diethyl succinate into normal mice. The downstream metabolites of hyperpolarized diethyl succinate were identified in vivo as malate, succinate, fumarate, and aspartate. The metabolism of diethyl succinate was altered after exposing the animal to 3-nitropropionate, a known irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. On the basis of our results, hyperpolarized diethyl succinate allows for real-time in vivo MRI and MRS with a high signal-to-noise ratio and with visualization of multiple steps of the TCA cycle. Hyperpolarization of diethyl succinate and its in vivo applications may reveal an entirely new regime wherein the local status of TCA cycle metabolism is interrogated on the time scale of seconds to minutes with unprecedented chemical specificity and MR sensitivity.
Stable Single-Layer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Using 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Hexafluorophosphate (2006)

A significant improvement in the stability of a light emitting electrochemical cell was achieved by utilizing a novel iridium(III) complex: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate. The enhanced device stability is correlated by means of DFT studies to be related to a more efficient shielding of the reactive LUMO of the complex.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme Controls Surface Expression of c-Kit and Survival of Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Mast Cells (2004)

Transmembrane metalloproteinases of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family control cell signaling interactions via hydrolysis of protein extracellular domains. Prior work has shown that the receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Kit (CD117), is essential for mast cell survival and that serum levels of c-Kit increase in proliferative mast cell disorders, suggesting the existence of c-Kit shedding pathways in mast cells. In the present work, we report that tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM-17) mediates shedding of c-Kit. Stimulation of transfected cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced metalloproteinase-mediated release of c-Kit ectodomain, which increased further upon TACE overexpression. By contrast, TACE-deficient fibroblasts did not demonstrate inducible release, thus identifying TACE as the metalloproteinase primarily responsible for PMA-induced c-Kit shedding. Surface expression of c-Kit by the human mast cell-1 line decreased upon phorbol-induced shedding, which involved metalloproteinase activity susceptible to inhibition by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3. To further explore the role of TACE in shedding of c-Kit from mast cells, we compared the behavior of mast cells derived from murine embryonic stem cells. In these studies, PMA decreased surface c-Kit levels on mast cells expressing wild-type (+/+) TACE but not on those expressing an inactive mutant (DeltaZn/DeltaZn), confirming the role of TACE in PMA-induced c-Kit shedding. Compared with TACE(+/+) cells, TACE(DeltaZn/DeltaZn) mast cells also demonstrated decreased constitutive shedding and increased basal surface expression of c-Kit, with diminished apoptosis in response to c-Kit ligand deprivation. These data suggest that TACE controls mast cell survival by regulating shedding and surface expression of c-Kit.
Conformational characterization of a single-site mutant of murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) by 1H NMR provides evidence that leucine-47 is involved in the interactions with the EGF receptor. (1989)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small protein containing 53 amino acids and three disulfide bonds. There is significant current interest in structure-function relationships in EGF and EGF-like proteins, including the homologous type-alpha transforming growth factors. The Leu-47 residue of murine EGF (mEGF) is one of several that are strongly conserved among the EGF-like growth factors, suggesting that it may contribute to the active site of mEGF. In several different binding assays, the activity of the mutant analog in which Leu-47 is replaced by Ser [( Ser47]mEGF) ranges from 8 to 18 times weaker than that of wild-type mEGF. The NMR data summarized in this paper demonstrate that the significant differences in the binding activities of wild-type and [Ser47]mEGF cannot be attributed to structural changes remote from the three-dimensional site of mutation. The only minor conformational changes that are indicated by these data involve side chains of residues proximal to Leu-47 in the three-dimensional structure. Therefore, Leu-47 and/or residues spatially adjacent to Leu-47 constitute part of the active site of mEGF.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cardiovascular disease: insights from prospective clinical trials (2005)

Evidence has accumulated that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA inhibits vascular NO production at concentrations found in pathophysiological conditions; it also causes local vasoconstriction when infused intra-arterially. ADMA is increased in the plasma of humans with hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, and other clinical conditions. Increased ADMA levels are associated with reduced NO synthesis as assessed by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation or reduced NO metabolite levels. In several prospective and cross-sectional studies, ADMA has evolved as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, prospective clinical studies have suggested that it may play a role as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Zoccali and coworkers were the first to show that elevated ADMA is associated with a three-fold increased risk of future severe cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Valkonen and coworkers demonstrated in a nested case-control study that elevated ADMA was associated with a four-fold increased risk for acute coronary events in clinically healthy, nonsmoking men. In patients with stable angina pectoris, preinterventional ADMA indicates the risk of developing restenosis or severe clinical events after coronary intervention. Furthermore, in humans with no underlying cardiovascular disease who are undergoing intensive care unit treatment, ADMA is a marker of the mortality risk. A number of additional prospective clinical trials are currently under way in diverse patient populations, among them individuals with congestive heart failure, cardiac transplantation patients, and patients with pulmonary hypertension. In summary, an increasing number of prospective clinical trials have shown that the association between elevated ADMA levels and major cardiovascular events and total mortality is robust and extends to diverse patient populations. However, we need to define more clearly in the future who will profit from ADMA determination, in order to use this novel risk marker as a more specific diagnostic tool.
Bellwether analysis (2009)

How to mine massive datasets is a challenging problem with great potential value. Motivated by this challenge, much effort has concentrated on developing scalable versions of machine learning algorithms. However, the cost of mining large datasets is not just computational; preparing the datasets into the “right form” so that learning algorithms can be applied is usually costly, due to the human labor that is typically required and a large number of choices in data preparation, which include selecting different subsets of data and aggregating data at different granularities. We make the key observation that, for a number of practically motivated problems, these choices can be defined using database queries and analyzed in an automatic and systematic manner. Specifically, we propose a new class of data-mining problem, called bellwether analysis , in which the goal is to find a few query-defined predictors (e.g., first week sales of Peoria, IL of an item) that can be used to accurately predict the result of a target query (e.g., first year worldwide sales of the item) from a large number of queries that define candidate predictors. To make a prediction for a new item, the data needed to generate such predictors has to be collected (e.g., selling the new item in Peoria, IL for a week and collecting the sales data). A useful predictor is one that has high prediction accuracy and a low data-collection cost. We call such a cost-effective predictor a bellwether . This article introduces bellwether analysis, which integrates database query processing and predictive modeling into a single framework, and provides scalable algorithms for large datasets that cannot fit in main memory. Through a series of extensive experiments, we show that bellwethers do exist in real-world databases, and that our computation techniques achieve good efficiency on large datasets.
Engine Performances With Advanced Common Rail Injector Design (2017)

This paper presents the application of the Ganser CRS common rail injectors with the proprietary poppet valve, the state of the art hydraulic switching device for common rail injectors. Due to its unique design, the combustion process is optimized by stable and rapid injection rate profiles, which are allowing for reliable multiple injection driving strategies to further reduce the fuel consumption and in-cylinder emissions. Due to its flexible characteristics, the poppet valve is applicable in numerous fields. Two applications are specifically presented in this paper. The first application of the poppet valve is the common rail retrofit of a V16 GE® 7FDL locomotive engine with a power output of 4000HP. In this retrofit project, the existing mechanical fuel injection system is replaced by a common rail system. The injector design is such that no changes to the cylinder head are required. The injector includes an integrated accumulator for maximized and constant injection pressures during the whole injection process. Each cylinder bank is equipped with its own slim rail attached to the engine structure and a dedicated high pressure pump, allowing for a freely configurable injection event up to 1600bar. The resulting significant reduction of fuel consumption over the locomotive duty cycle as well as emissions reductions are discussed in detail in this paper. The poppet valve is also successfully applied in the field of micro pilot injection for new dual fuel engines, in the marine and power-gen sectors, as a second application of this injector design principle. On these engines, the micro pilot injection quantity to ignite the gas is typically 0.5–2% of the total energy input. This maximized diesel fuel substitution is possible because of the accurate switching characteristics of the poppet valve at smallest injection quantities. With the application of the proprietary Wave Dynamics and Dampening System (WDD) [1] and injector-integrated accumulators, the rail can be replaced completely by so-called jumper lines, while maintaining a slim outer shape on the overall injector size.
Hydrodynamic damping due to baffles in a rectangular tank (2001)

The present paper describes the prediction of hydrodynamic damping due to baffles in a fluid-filled rectangular tank or reservoir undergoing horizontal oscillations. The estimation of hydrodynamic damping involves an assessment of the total energy in the fluid associated with sloshing motions and the average rate of energy dissipation due to flow separation around the baffles. Experimental measurements of hydrodynamic damping have been carried out to validate the theoretical model and to investigate the effectiveness of various baffle configurations. Recommendations are made regarding the assessment of hydrodynamic damping in earthquake engineering applications.Key words: baffles, hydrodynamic damping, sloshing, tanks.
Color image analysis using fuzzy set theory (2002)

An application of fuzzy set theory to the color image analysis is presented in this paper. It is developed to inference the weather state from a color image. For a color image, its RGB components are first converted into HSI components. For each component, a 3-layer quadtree is created for image analysis. Then the histogram of each block image from the top layer to bottom layer is computed. The histogram is further converted into a membership function by using the scheme of a 6-parameter fuzzy number. The fuzzy inference for the given image is thus achieved by using the generated membership functions.
Cost Structure of a Postcombustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture System Using CaO (2007)

This paper presents the basic economics of an emerging concept for CO2 capture from flue gases in power plants. The complete system includes three key cost components: a full combustion power plant, a second power plant working as an oxy-fired fluidized bed calciner, and a fluidized bed carbonator interconnected with the calciner and capturing CO2 from the combustion power plant. The simplicity in the economic analysis is possible because the key cost data for the two major first components are well established in the open literature. It is shown that there is clear scope for a breakthrough in capture cost to around 15 $/t of CO2 avoided with this system. This is mainly because the capture system is generating additional power (from the additional coal fed to the calciner) and because the avoided CO2 comes from the capture of the CO2 generated by the coal fed to the calciner and the CO2 captured (as CaCO3) from the flue gases of the existing power plant, that is also released in the calciner.
Detection of Paint Curing by Non-contact Surface Resistivity Measurement (2012)

Commercial liquid paints are composed of pigment, resin and solvent. Paints are electrically conductive materials, because the solvent is generally a good conductor. Therefore, following the application of paint, the surface of the painted layer gradually changes from conductive to insulating due to evaporation of the conductive solvent. In this study, the degree of paint curing is monitored by non-contact surface resistivity measurement. The measurement device has a corona charger and surface potential probes. By monitoring the surface potential of the painted surface along with corona charging of the surface, the change in the surface resistivity of the painted surface can be predicted and the curing process can be quantitatively detected.
Determinating timing channels in compute clouds (2010)

Timing side-channels represent an insidious security challenge for cloud computing, because: (a) massive parallelism in the cloud makes timing channels pervasive and hard to control; (b) timing channels enable one customer to steal information from another without leaving a trail or raising alarms; (c) only the cloud provider can feasibly detect and report such attacks, but the provider's incentives are not to; and (d) resource partitioning schemes for timing channel control undermine statistical sharing efficiency, and, with it, the cloud computing business model. We propose a new approach to timing channel control, using provider-enforced deterministic execution instead of resource partitioning to eliminate timing channels within a shared cloud domain. Provider-enforced determinism prevents execution timing from affecting the results of a compute task, however large or parallel, ensuring that a task's outputs leak no timing information apart from explicit timing inputs and total compute duration. Experiments with a prototype OS for deterministic cloud computing suggest that such an approach may be practical and efficient. The OS supports deterministic versions of familiar APIs such as processes, threads, shared memory, and file systems, and runs coarse-grained parallel tasks as efficiently and scalably as current timing channel-ridden systems.
An efficient hybrid numerical-ray based subaperture formulation for the analysis of large convex conformal antenna arrays on large platforms (2009)

A hybrid combination of numerical and uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) ray methods is developed to predict the performance of large conformal antenna arrays on a locally convex portion of an otherwise complex and electrically large metallic platform. The antenna aperture is subdivided into subapertures and rays are launched from only a single point within each subaperture. These rays are tracked to the observer in the presence of the large platform environment.
LEAF: A Benchmark for Federated Settings (2018)

Modern federated networks, such as those comprised of wearable devices, mobile phones, or autonomous vehicles, generate massive amounts of data each day. This wealth of data can help to learn models that can improve the user experience on each device. However, the scale and heterogeneity of federated data presents new challenges in research areas such as federated learning, meta-learning, and multi-task learning. As the machine learning community begins to tackle these challenges, we are at a critical time to ensure that developments made in these areas are grounded with realistic benchmarks. To this end, we propose LEAF, a modular benchmarking framework for learning in federated settings. LEAF includes a suite of open-source federated datasets, a rigorous evaluation framework, and a set of reference implementations, all geared towards capturing the obstacles and intricacies of practical federated environments.
The Application of EESM and MI-Based Link Quality Models for Rate Compatible LDPC Codes (2007)

System evaluation of different resource allocation, power control and link adaptation (LA) solutions require the multi-cell system simulations, which provide important reference to the standardization and system design. Such a system-level simulator is expected to be reliable and quick enough, which requires a very accurate and simple link quality model. The exponential effective-SNR mapping (EESM) model [1, 2] and mutual information-based (MI-based) model [3] were proposed recently, which have been proved to be pretty accurate and independent of fading for 3 GPP Turbo-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system [3, 4]. This paper investigates the accuracies of the above two models for the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, in terms of veracity and complexity for different coding rates, block lengths, mobile speeds and modulation schemes. Simulation results verify that both methods show quite good performance in different multi-state channels. The simpler MI-based model performs even better. Especially its coding model is independent of modulation schemes.
Development of a 2-kW XeCl laser with a surface corona preionization scheme and a spiker-sustainer circuit (1995)

A maximum average power of 2.1 kW is demonstrated in a XeCl laser with an efficiency of 3.0% at a repetition rate of about 800 Hz. The 2-kW laser has a discharge region of 4 cm in gap length, 2.5 cm in discharge width, and an effective discharge length of 3 m with a resonator length of 5.2 m. A reverse voltage mode spiker-sustainer circuit makes it possible to apply a steep voltage rise of nearly 1000 kV//spl mu/s across the main discharge electrodes and to supply excitation energy effectively into the discharge region. The control of the preionization timing before the initiation of the spiker circuit is found to be indispensable in maintaining a homogeneous volume discharge under high repetition-rate operation. These techniques enable the laser to realize a long pulse excitation under the high repetition-rate operation conditions. The excitation process is analyzed by computer-model simulation. The application of a cascaded stable resonator has improved the average power by 6% compared with that of a conventional stable resonator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>