gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Melatonin Levels: A New Neurodiagnostic Tool in Pineal Region Tumors? (1987)

The pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) is secreted in a circadian rhythm with high serum levels during nighttime and low serum levels during daytime. Several authors have reported an altered secretion pattern of MLT in patients with pineal tumors and have proposed that MLT may be used as a tumor marker. In nine patients, a pineal region tumor was diagnosed by computer-assisted tomography. Before and after surgical removal of the tumor, several day- and nighttime serum samples were collected and MLT concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Before operation, five patients presented a normal circadian pattern of MLT secretion. In the remaining four subjects, MLT levels were undetectable or at the limit of detection, with no signs of a circadian secretion pattern. Eight patients were reexamined after tumor resection, when all but one had undetectable or very low MLT levels. The remaining subject, with a pineomesencephalic pilocytic astrocytoma, dislocating but not involving the pineal gland, presented a normal circadian secretion pattern of MLT after operation; in this case, tumor resection was possible without damaging the pineal gland. Thus, before operation, MLT deficiency rather than exaggerated serum levels may be used as a marker for pineal tumors that destroy the pineal gland. After tumor resection, serum MLT may serve to demonstrate complete pinealectomy.
A high energy-efficiency SAR ADC based on partial floating capacitor switching technique (2011)

This paper presents a new successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with partial floating capacitor switching (PFCS) scheme for low-power data converters. By interchanging the switching order of the largest capacitor with the second largest one the switching energy consumption can be efficiently reduced. From the mathematical calculation result, the proposed technique achieves 96.11% less switching energy compared to the conventional approach. The presented 10-bit PFCS-based SAR ADC is implemented in a CMOS 0.18-μm 1P6M technology. The power consumption of the presented prototype is only 7.16-μW with a sampling rate of 1-MS/s at a supply voltage of 0.9-V and a 21.56-fF/conversion-step figure of merit is achieved.
Projecting Canadian values and cijlture: An episode in the making of Canadian Foreign policy (1995)

The Chrétien Government's identification of the projection of Canadian values and culture as one of the three pillars of Canadian foreign policy objectives, represents a departure in official definition in terms of former policies. However, it does not appear to be apparent what is meant by the new policy pronouncement. The author traces the development of the Canadian culture and values promotion policy through interviews with officials at DFA1T and reflects on the confusion surrounding the ambiguity of the policy itself during the Chrétien Government's 1994 Foreign Policy Review.
Midkine induces histamine release from mast cells and the immediate cutaneous response (1998)

Midkine is a product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene and exerts a variety of biological activities. The aim of our investigation is to determine whether human midkine have histamine-releasing effects on mast cells, and to show the evidence of the inflammation induced by midkine. Midkine induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells with a rapid response in a dose-dependent manner. Extracellular calcium inhibited the histamine release induced by midkine in a dose-dependent manner. Pertussis toxin and benzalkonium chloride inhibited the histamine release induced by midkine. Gi-proteins exert an effect on the histamine release of midkine. The immediate cutaneous response induced by midkine was positive. These results suggest that midkine may take part in some inflammation via histamine release from mast cells.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (2015)

A key challenge in the field of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction is the design of catalytic materials featuring high product selectivity, stability, and a composition of earth-abundant elements. In this work, we introduce thin films of nanosized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as atomically defined and nanoscopic materials that function as catalysts for the efficient and selective reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide in aqueous electrolytes. Detailed examination of a cobalt-porphyrin MOF, Al2(OH)2TCPP-Co (TCPP-H2 = 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrabenzoate) revealed a selectivity for CO production in excess of 76% and stability over 7 h with a per-site turnover number (TON) of 1400. In situ spectroelectrochemical measurements provided insights into the cobalt oxidation state during the course of reaction and showed that the majority of catalytic centers in this MOF are redox-accessible where Co(II) is reduced to Co(I) during catalysis.
Novel technique for immittance simulation—realisation of some all-active simulators (1992)

Two novel and generalised schemes are given for the realisation of grounded and floating immittance simulators. The use of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) lends wide range electronic tunability to the schemes. The first scheme is particularly used in the realisation of new all active device ideal grounded inductance and super inductance simulators. These circuits employ only an OTA along with an operational amplifier (OA) modelled in its first pole roll-off characterisation. Similarly, the second scheme is used in realising novel ideal floating inductance and super inductance simulators. The all active device floating simulators only require a simple matching constraint to be satisfied in its realisation. Both the circuits use only active devices and have wide range linear electronic tunability and reliable high frequency performance. The effects of non-ideality of the OAs on the circuit performance is also examined. The simulators are highly suitable for monolithic implementation in either MOS or bipolar technologies. Experimental results on the circuit application of these simulators are included.
Evaluation of the First Transport Rotorcraft Airframe Crash Testbed (TRACT 1) Full-Scale Crash Test (2014)

In 2012, the NASA Rotary Wing Crashworthiness Program initiated the Transport Rotorcraft Airframe Crash Testbed (TRACT) research program by obtaining two CH-46E helicopters from the Navy CH-46E Program Office (PMA-226) at the Navy Flight Readiness Center in Cherry Point, North Carolina. Full-scale crash tests were planned to assess dynamic responses of transport-category rotorcraft under combined horizontal and vertical impact loading. The first crash test (TRACT 1) was performed at NASA Langley Research Center's Landing and Impact Research Facility (LandIR), which enables the study of critical interactions between the airframe, seat, and occupant during a controlled crash environment. The CH-46E fuselage is categorized as a medium-lift rotorcraft with fuselage dimensions comparable to a regional jet or business jet. The first TRACT test (TRACT 1) was conducted in August 2013. The primary objectives for TRACT 1 were to: (1) assess improvements to occupant loads and displacement with the use of crashworthy features such as pre-tensioning active restraints and energy absorbing seats, (2) develop novel techniques for photogrammetric data acquisition to measure occupant and airframe kinematics, and (3) provide baseline data for future comparison with a retrofitted airframe configuration. Crash test conditions for TRACT 1 were 33-ft/s forward and 25-ft/s vertical combined velocity onto soft soil, which represent a severe, but potentially survivable impact scenario. The extraordinary value of the TRACT 1 test was reflected by the breadth of meaningful experiments. A total of 8 unique experiments were conducted to evaluate ATD responses, seat and restraint performance, cargo restraint effectiveness, patient litter behavior, and photogrammetric techniques. A combination of Hybrid II, Hybrid III, and ES-2 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) were placed in forward and side facing seats and occupant results were compared against injury criteria. Loads from ATDs in energy absorbing seats and restraints were within injury limits. Severe injury was likely for ATDs in forward facing passenger seats, legacy troop bench seats, and a three-tiered patient litter. In addition, two standing ATDs were used to evaluate the benefit of Mobile Aircrew Restraint Systems (MARS) versus a standard gunner's belt. The ATD with the MARS survived the impact, while fatal head blunt trauma occurred for the standing ATD held by the legacy gunner's belt. In addition to occupant loading, the structural response of the airframe was assessed based on accelerometers located throughout the airframe and using three-dimensional photogrammetric techniques. Analysis of the photogrammetric data indicated regions of maximum deflection and permanent deformation.
Introduction (2013)

Extract In the Pentagon War Room, flanked by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Soviet ambassador, the President of the United States speaks to the Soviet premier on the special link to Moscow. They have only minutes to avert a world-destroying thermonuclear war triggered by a rogue American bomber. Everything, literally everything, depends on their remaining rational under crushing stress: [Ambassador] Zorubin looked carefully at the President. He realized instantly that the President had reached the brink. He could be pushed no further. Zorubin sensed that in the final analysis the President would not now hesitate to take action. Once again, the fate of the world was trembling in the balance.1Close Economist and strategist Thomas Schelling reassured the alarmed public that such scenarios—here taken from the novel Red Alert (1958), most famously the loose pretext for Stanley Kubrick's nuclear farce Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)2Close—were highly unlikely, but admitted that this one surpassed "in thoughtfulness any non-fiction available on how war might start." Nonetheless, for Schelling the assorted nuclear novels and films remained fantasies, no matter how ingenious. Accidents only brought the world to the brink because human beings had made choices that enabled those accidents to spiral out of control: "The point is that accidents do not cause war. Decisions cause war."3Close It was of utmost importance that those prior decisions be rational. In the fictional scenarios, it was the quirky human factor—something that had not been taken into account in the process of routinizing the machinery of nuclear deterrence—that unleashed the forces of destruction; and, if there was a happy ending, reined them in again. But analysts like Schelling took the opposite tack. They sought ever more reliable rational safeguards to tame the thermonuclear arsenals ordered by the politicians, built by the physicists and engineers, and tended by the generals. Cold War rationality in all its variants was summoned into being in order to tame the terrors of decisions too consequential to be left to human reason alone, traditionally understood as mindful deliberation.
The Optical Image Transformer (1951)

In principle, the use of longer slits is indicated in spectroscopy wherever the resolution is energy limited. Various problems arise, however, as slits are lengthened beyond the conventional limits. This paper sets forth practical solutions to some of these difficulties through the use of an image transformation method, and discusses the advantages and limitations of the schemes suggested.
The Influence of Air Gap Thickness between the Stator and Rotor on Nuclear Main Pump (2017)

The canned motor pumps are commonly used as main umps in nuclear primary circuit systems, because the typically outward leakage clearance in general centrifugal pumps does not exist in the canned motor pumps. The longer air gap thickness between the motor stator and the rotor, the more cooling liquid flowing through the air gap, which results the heat exchange becomes better between the motor and the cooling liquid and the temperature rise of the motor is lower. These are all good for improving the motor efficiency at the angle of the view, the temperature rise. From another angle of the view, the electromagnetism, the longer thickness between the motor stator and the rotor, the weaker interaction between the stator and rotor magnetic fields, which results the Lorentz force becomes weaker and the torque becomes smaller, and also the motor efficiency becomes lower. Therefore, there is an optimum value of the air gap thickness between the stator and the rotor, to balance the temperature rise and the electromagnetism interaction. In this paper with the case of 30kW canned motor, the coupled analysis of the heat exchange and the electromagnetic performance was studied. The influence of the air gap thickness on the motor temperature rise and on the electromagnetic performance was discussed respectively, and then the optimum value of the air gap thickness was given.
Optical components-the new challenge in packaging (1990)

Recent developments in packaging technology for optical components used in fiber transmission systems are reviewed. Topics covered include fiber coupling and fixing techniques, modular packaging concepts, high-speed component design, and advanced function components. A high-performance package for lithium niobate modulators is described that illustrates the packaging concepts that are outlined. Likely future trends in optical communications are discussed and the implications for component packaging are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated optimization of machine product design and process design (1989)

In order to attain the true integration of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing not only is a smooth flow of information required, but also decision making for both product design and process design must be synthesized. In this paper an integrated design process is proposed in which decisions concerning both product design and process design are simultaneously made. According to the proposed design procedures, an integrated optimization problem is formulated. This optimization is expressed as a multiobjective optimization problem which produces many Pareto optimum solution sets corresponding to combinations of materials used for parts. The algorithm for solving the problem is also presented. The proposed method is applied to designing a cylindrical co-ordinate robot, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of conducting a simultaneous process through product design and process design.
A general framework for automatic detection of matching lesions in follow-up CT (2009)

In follow-up CT examinations of cancer patients, therapy success is evaluated by estimating the change in tumor size from diameter or volume comparison between corresponding lesions. We present an algorithm that automatizes the detection of matching lesions, given a baseline segmentation mask. It is generally applicable and does not need an organ mask or CAD findings, only a coarse registration of the datasets is required. In the first step, lesion candidates are identified in a local area based on gray value filtering and detection of circular structures using a Hough transform. On all candidate voxels, a template matching is performed minimizing normalized cross-correlation. The method was evaluated on clinical follow-up data comprising 94 lung nodules, 107 liver metastases, and 137 lymph nodes. The ratio of correctly detected lesions was 96%, 84% and 85%, respectively, at an average computation time of 0.9 s per lesion on a standard PC.
CG2Real: Improving the Realism of Computer Generated Images Using a Large Collection of Photographs (2010)

Computer-generated (CG) images have achieved high levels of realism. This realism, however, comes at the cost of long and expensive manual modeling, and often humans can still distinguish between CG and real images. We introduce a new data-driven approach for rendering realistic imagery that uses a large collection of photographs gathered from online repositories. Given a CG image, we retrieve a small number of real images with similar global structure. We identify corresponding regions between the CG and real images using a mean-shift cosegmentation algorithm. The user can then automatically transfer color, tone, and texture from matching regions to the CG image. Our system only uses image processing operations and does not require a 3D model of the scene, making it fast and easy to integrate into digital content creation workflows. Results of a user study show that our hybrid images appear more realistic than the originals.
Ethical Issues in Corpus Linguistics And Annotation: Pay Per Hit Does Not Affect Effective Hourly Rate For Linguistic Resource Development On Amazon Mechanical Turk. (2016)

Ethical issues reported with paid crowdsourcing include unfairly low wages. It is assumed that such issues are under the control of the task requester. Can one control the amount that a worker earns by controlling the amount that one pays? 412 linguistic data development tasks were submitted to Amazon Mechanical Turk. The pay per HIT was manipulated through a range of values. We examined the relationship between the pay that is offered per HIT and the effective pay rate. There is no such relationship. Paying more per HIT does not cause workers to earn more: the higher the pay per HIT, the more time workers spend on them (<i>R</i> = 0.92). So, the effective hourly rate stays roughly the same. The finding has clear implications for language resource builders who want to behave ethically: other means must be found in order to compensate workers fairly. <i>The findings of this paper should not be taken as an endorsement of unfairly low pay rates for crowdsourcing workers. Rather, the intention is to point out that additional measures, such as pre-calculating and communicating to the workers an average hourly, rather than per-task, rate must be found in order to ensure an ethical rate of pay.</i>
AXL modulates extracellular matrix protein expression and is essential for invasion and metastasis in endometrial cancer (2016)

The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we evaluated the role of AXL in endometrial cancer. High immunohistochemical expression of AXL was found in 76% (63/83) of advanced-stage, and 77% (82/107) of high-grade specimens and correlated with worse survival in uterine serous cancer patients. In vitro, genetic silencing of AXL inhibited migration and invasion but had no effect on proliferation of ARK1 endometrial cancer cells. AXL-deficient cells showed significantly decreased expression of phospho-AKT as well as uPA, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9. In a xenograft model of human uterine serous carcinoma with AXL-deficient ARK1 cells, there was significantly less tumor burden than xenografts with control ARK1 cells. Together, these findings underscore the therapeutic potentials of AXL as a candidate target for treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer.
Targeted null-mutation in the <i>vascular endothelial–cadherin</i> gene impairs the organization of vascular-like structures in embryoid bodies (1997)

Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is exclusively expressed in endothelial cells and is strictly located at cell-to-cell junctions. As the other members of the cadherin family, VE-cadherin is able to mediate a homotypic type of cellular interaction in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In the mouse embryo, VE-cadherin transcripts are detected at the earliest stages of vascular development. To ascertain if VE-cadherin expression is required for the assembly of endothelial cells into vascular structures, we generated VE-cadherin-negative mouse embryonic stem cells (VE-cadherin-/- ES cells) by gene targeting and examined the consequences on vascular development of ES-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). In contrast to wild-type EBs, we observed that endothelial cells remained dispersed and failed to organize a vessel-like pattern in VE-cadherin-/- ES-derived EBs. However, dispersed VE-cadherin-/- ES-derived endothelial cells expressed a large range of other endothelial markers. Moreover, the targeted null-mutation in the VE-cadherin locus did not interfere with the hematopoietic differentiation potential of ES cells. These in vitro experiments are consistent with a pivotal role of VE-cadherin in vascular structure assembly.
Polyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. II. Cyclialkylation of benzenoid hydrocarbons with isoprene (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. II. Cyclialkylation of benzenoid hydrocarbons with isopreneE. J. Eisenbraun, J. R. Mattox, R. C. Bansal, M. A. Wilhelm, P. W. K. Flanagan, A. B. Carel, R. E. Laramy, and M. C. HammingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 2000–2008Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Frequency Transformation, by Electroporation, of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> Grown with Glycine in Osmotically Stabilized Media (1989)

An efficient method for genetic transformation of lactococci by electroporation is presented. Highly competent lactococci for electrotransformation were obtained by growing cells in media containing high concentrations of glycine and 0.5 M sucrose as the osmotic stabilizers. These cells could be stored at -85 degrees C without loss of competence. With Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris BC101, a transformation frequency of 5.7 x 10 transformants per mug of pIL253 DNA was obtained, which represents 5% of the surviving cells. All the lactococcal strains tested could be transformed by the present method.