gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Products of Korea (2001)

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the heavy metal contents of agricultural products in Korea and to compare with relevant international criteria such as the Average Daily Intake(ADI) and the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI) proposed by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on additives and contaminant. Contents of heavy metal in cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were in the range of for Cd, for Cu, for Pb, for Zn, for Ni, for Cr and mg/kg(F.W.) for As. Heavy metal contents of cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were with natural content levels proposed by FAO/WHO and were similar to value monitored in other countries. Also, average intake of heavy metal from agricultural products was lower than the ADI and PTWI by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on Additives and Contaminants. Therefore, none of the cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits evaluated showed accumulation of such heavy metal high enough to cause health problems to human.
Detection of sequence variants in the gene for human type II procollagen (COL2A1) by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA (1992)

The direct sequencing of the human type II procollagen (COL2A1) gene from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified genomic DNA is described. Thirty-two regions of the COL2A1 gene were asymmetrically amplified with intron primers which were specifically chosen to amplify a region spanning 500 to 800 bp of sequence encoding one or more exons and their accompanying intervening sequences. Primers for dideoxynucleotide sequencing of the PCR products were then designed to provide complete exon sequence information and to insure that intron:exon splice junction sequence data would be obtained. Amplification and sequencing reactions were performed on an automated workstation to facilitate the handling of multiple DNA templates. The procedure allowed efficient sequencing of over 25,000 bp of each allele of the COL2A1 gene per diploid genome. We used this method for the comparative analyses of COL2A1 sequences in DNA isolated from the blood of 42 unrelated individuals and we identified 21 neutral sequence variants in the gene. The sequence variations were confirmed by independent assays, including restriction enzyme digestion. The sequence variants described here will be important for identifying haplotypes of the type II procollagen gene that will be useful in defining a genetic etiology for diseases of cartilaginous tissues.
Joint Feature Correspondences and Appearance Similarity for Robust Visual Object Tracking (2010)

A novel visual object tracking scheme is proposed by using joint point feature correspondences and object appearance similarity. For point feature-based tracking, we propose a candidate tracker that simultaneously exploits two separate sets of point feature correspondences in the foreground and in the surrounding background, where background features are exploited for the indication of occlusions. Feature points in these two sets are then dynamically maintained. For object appearance-based tracking, we propose a candidate tracker based on an enhanced anisotropic mean shift with a fully tunable (five degrees of freedom) bounding box that is partially guided by the above feature point tracker. Both candidate trackers contain a reinitialization process to reset the tracker in order to prevent accumulated tracking error propagation in frames. In addition, a novel online learning method is introduced to the enhanced mean shift-based candidate tracker. The reference object distribution is updated in each time interval if there is an indication of stable and reliable tracking without background interferences. By dynamically updating the reference object model, tracking is further improved by using a more accurate object appearance similarity measure. An optimal selection criterion is applied to the final tracker based on the results of these candidate trackers. Experiments have been conducted on several videos containing a range of complex scenarios. To evaluate the performance, the proposed scheme is further evaluated using three objective criteria, and compared with two existing trackers. All our results have shown that the proposed scheme is very robust and has yielded a marked improvement in terms of tracking drift, tightness, and accuracy of tracked bounding boxes, especially for complex video scenarios containing long-term partial occlusions or intersections, deformation, or background clutter with similar color distributions to the foreground object.
Lifting abstract interpreters to quantified logical domains (2008)

We describe a general technique for building abstract interpreters over powerful universally quantified abstract domains that leverage existing quantifier-free domains. Our quantified abstract domain can represent universally quantified facts like ∀i(0 ≤ i < n ⇒ α[i] = 0). The principal challenge in this effort is that, while most domains supply over-approximations of operations like join, meet, and variable elimination, working with the guards of quantified facts requires under-approximation. We present an automatic technique to convert the standard over-approximation operations provided with all domains into sound under-approximations. We establish the correctness of our abstract interpreters by identifying two lattices---one that establishes the soundness of the abstract interpreter and another that defines its precision, or completeness. Our experiments on a variety of programs using arrays and pointers (including several sorting algorithms) demonstrate the feasibility of the approach on challenging examples.
Flow around a circular cylinder near a plane boundary (1978)

The flow around a circular cylinder placed at various heights above a plane boundary has been investigated experimentally. The cylinder spanned the test section of a wind tunnel and was aligned with its axis parallel to a long plate and normal to the free stream. It was placed 36 diameters downstream of the leading edge of the plate and its height above the plate was varied from zero, the cylinder lying on the surface, to 3·5 cylinder diameters. The thickness of the turbulent boundary layer on the plate at the cylinder position, but with it removed from the tunnel, was equal to 0·8 of the cylinder diameter. Distributions of mean pressure around the cylinder and along the plate were measured at a Reynolds number, based on cylinder diameter, of 4·5 × 10 4 . Spectral analysis of hot-wire signals demonstrated that regular vortex shedding was suppressed for all gaps less than about 0·3 cylinder diameters. For gaps greater than 0·3 the Strouhal number was found to be remarkably constant and the only influence of the plate on vortex shedding was to make it a more highly tuned process as the gap was reduced. Flow-visualization experiments in a smoke tunnel revealed the wake structure at various gap-to-diameter ratios.
ESP's: On and Offshore Problems and Solutions (1999)

Abstract This paper is a follow-on to SPE 28694 (Ref. 180) which summarizes and categorizes ESP literature by a number of different topics. The intent is to list problems mentioned in various papers and a quick mention of the solutions, which are discussed in the given references. As mentioned in the previous reference, it is also an attempt to relate problems to various field conditions, however many of the field papers do not include a complete listing of field conditions, so to be able to do this from using the literature is often not possible.
Abstractions for programming SIP back-to-back user agents (2009)

In SIP services, back-to-back user agents (B2BUAs) are powerful but difficult to program correctly. StratoSIP is a high-level, domain-specific language for programming SIP B2BUAs safely. This paper describes the four major abstractions on which the language is based. It explains how each abstraction is used in programming, and how it is implemented in SIP. Because the abstractions are derived from the Distributed Feature Composition (DFC) architecture, Strato-SIP programs compose easily with each other at runtime. The implementation of StratoSIP runs in SIP Servlet containers.
A high throughput adaptive DFE for HIPERLAN (2002)

This paper describes two methods for increasing the throughput of an adaptive decision feedback equaliser (DFE) using the LMS training algorithm. In the first method, a signed power-of-two number representation is used for the equaliser input data. Using this number representation, all multipliers can be replaced with barrel shifters and adders. In the second method, the delayed least mean square algorithm (DLMS) is used to train the equaliser. A delay, equal to the feedforward filter length, is introduced in the filter coefficient update, which allows the DFE to be realised as the cascade of a series of modular sections.
Subsolidus phase relations in the system ZnWO<sub>4</sub>-ZnMoO<sub>4</sub>-MnWO<sub>4</sub>-MnMoO<sub>4</sub> (1968)

Summary Subsolidus phase relations in the systems ZnWO 4 -MnWO 4 , ZnWO 4 -ZnMoO 4 , MnMoO 4 -ZnMoO 4 , and MnWO 4 -MnMoO 4 , were investigated by using the quenching technique. A complete series of solid solutions forms in the system ZnWO 4 -MnWO 4 above 840° C, whereas limited solid solubilities were found in the other three. The various limits of solubility are, at 620° C, 4·0 mole % ZnMoO 4 in ZnWO 4 and 4·0 mole % ZnWO 4 in ZnMoO 4 , 13·0 mole % ZnMoO 4 in MnMoO 4 and 12·0 mole % MnMoO 4 in ZnMoO 4 , 9·0 mole % MnMoO 4 in MnWO 4 and 6·0 mole % in MnWO 4 in MnMoO 4 ; and at 1000° C, 15·0 mole % ZnMoO 4 in ZnWO 4 and 15·0 mole % ZnWO 4 in ZnMoO 4 , 36·0 mole % ZnMoO 4 in MnMoO 4 and 29·0 mole % MnMoO 4 in ZnMoO 4 , 15·0 mole % MnMoO 4 in MnWO 4 and 27·0 mole % MnWO 4 in MnMoO 4 . Subsolidus phase relations in the system ZnWO 4 -ZnMoO 4 -MnWO 4 -MnMoO 4 were studied at 900° C. The solubility of molybdenum in the (Zn,Mn)WO 4 series increases from both end members to a maximum of 27·0 mole % at the composition Mn 35 Zn 65 . Both molybdates also have limited ranges of solid solutions, and a three-phase region occupies the central portion of the system defined by three points with compositions of 41 mole % ZnMoO 4 , 26 mole % MnMoO 4 , 33 mole % MnWO 4 ; 57 mole % ZnMoO 4 , 10 mole % MnMoO 4 , 35 mole % MnWO 4 ; and 27 mole % ZnMoO 4 , 34 mole % MnWO 4 , 39 mole % ZnWO 4 .
Cancer cells change their glucose metabolism to overcome increased ROS: One step from cancer cell to cancer stem cell? (2019)

Cancer cells can adapt to low energy sources in the face of ATP depletion as well as to their high levels of ROS by altering their metabolism and energy production networks which might also have a role in determining cell fate and developing drug resistance. Cancer cells are generally characterized by increased glycolysis. This is while; cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit an enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolism. Based on the current literature, we suggest that cancer cells when encountering ROS, first increase the glycolysis rate and then following the continuation of oxidative stress, the metabolic balance is skewed from glycolysis to PPP. Therefore, we hypothesize in this review that in cancer cells this metabolic deviation during persistent oxidative stress might be a sign of cancer cells' shift towards CSCs, an issue that might be pivotal in more effective targeting of cancer cells and CSCs.
The human CL100 gene encodes a Tyr/Thr-protein phosphatase which potently and specifically inactivates MAP kinase and suppresses its activation by oncogenic ras in Xenopus oocyte extracts. (1993)

The expression of the human CL100 gene and its mouse homologue 3CH134 is increased up to 40-fold in fibroblasts exposed to oxidative/heat stress and growth factors. CL100 is a member of an expanding family of protein tyrosine phosphatases with amino acid sequence similarity to a Tyr/Ser-protein phosphatase encoded by the late H1 gene of vaccinia virus. Here we show that the CL100 phosphatase, expressed and purified in bacteria, rapidly and potently inactivates recombinant MAP kinase in vitro by the concomitant dephosphorylation of both its phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues. Furthermore, CL100 suppresses the [val12] ras-induced activation of MAP kinase in a cell-free system from Xenopus oocytes. Both activities are abolished by mutagenesis of the highly conserved cysteine (Cys-258) within the phosphatase active site. In contrast to the vaccinia H1 phosphatase, CL100 shows no measurable catalytic activity towards a number of other substrate proteins modified on serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. Our results demonstrate that CL100 is a dual specificity phosphatase and indicate that MAP kinase is one of its physiological targets. CL100 may be the first example of a new class of protein phosphatases responsible for modulating the activation of MAP kinase following exposure of quiescent cells to growth factors and further implicates MAP kinase activation/deactivation in the cellular response to stress.
Development of an Efficient Process for 4,5,7-Trichloroquinoline, A Key Intermediate for Agrochemical Synthesis (2002)

A short, simple, and industrially feasible process for the preparation of 4,5,7-trichloroquinoline, starting from 3,5-dichloroaniline and acrylonitrile, in essentially three steps, is discussed. This article presents the preparative process, including the impurity profile, of each intermediate.
Obtaining structural descriptions of building façades (2015)

We describe a method for learning and recognizing windows as basic structural elements of fa?ades and organizing them into interpretable models of building fa?ades. The method segments an input image into a hierarchical structure of window candidates. The candidates are used to create a likelihood map of window locations that is explained by a structural fa?ade model based on a formal grammar. We use a look-ahead greedy search method in the grammar derivation space to select the (sub)optimal fa?ade model. Empirical evaluation results reveal that, on average, the generated fa?ade model covers 45% of the actual windows present in the input image. On the other hand, 56% of the modeled windows actually cover fa?ade windows present in the input image.
Self‐Assembly Meets Nanofabrication: Recent Developments in Microcontact Printing and Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (2007)

Neat styles of writing: Recent reports on massively parallel dip-pen nanolithography and further improvements in the resolution of microcontact printing signify that patterning self-assembled monolayers on the submicrometer scale over large areas has now reached a level of sophistication that allows it to rival “hard” lithographic techniques, while retaining the flexibility of using the patterned substrates as a platform for further chemical modification.
The design of delta-selective opioid receptor antagonists. (1993)

Naltrexone-derived antagonists which are highly selective for delta opioid receptors have been designed using the message-address concept. The prototypical member of this series, naltrindole 1, possesses very high affinity and selectivity for delta receptors, and a closely related benzofuran analogue, NTB 2, is a selective delta 2 antagonist. The fact that 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX) was found to be a delta 1 antagonist suggests that the conformation of the putative delta address component (phenyl group) of BNTX plays a role in modulating delta subtype selectivity.
Essential role of TNF family molecule LIGHT as a cytokine in the pathogenesis of hepatitis (2006)

LIGHT is an important costimulatory molecule for T cell immunity. Recent studies have further implicated its role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We report here that LIGHT is upregulated and functions as a proinflammatory cytokine in 2 independent experimental hepatitis models, induced by concanavalin A and Listeria monocytogenes. Molecular mutagenesis studies suggest that soluble LIGHT protein produced by cleavage from the cell membrane plays an important role in this effect through the interaction with the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) but not herpes virus entry mediator. NK1.1+ T cells contribute to the production, but not the cleavage or effector functions, of soluble LIGHT. Importantly, treatment with a mAb that specifically interferes with the LIGHT-LTbetaR interaction protects mice from lethal hepatitis. Our studies thus identify a what we believe to be a novel function of soluble LIGHT in vivo and offer a potential target for therapeutic interventions in hepatic inflammatory diseases.
Modeling Context-Aware Command Recommendation and Acceptance in an IDE (2015)

For software developers to use the full range of available commands in an integrated development environment, one has to provide proactive support which can suggest unknown commands that could be useful for the task at hand. Researchers started exploring the potential of recommender systems to provide this type of help, but so far there are still very few contributions. We propose a new multi-criteria context-aware rating prediction model that can be used to predict the user choice of either to accept or reject an IDE command recommendation. Individual command recommendation evaluation criteria are: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, besides, the overall evaluation/rating is the intention to use a command. We have identified four types of contexts, namely, current practice, environment, interaction, and recommendation presentation context. The model is aimed at improving recommendation quality and enabling more effective recommendation presentations.
30.2: Guiding Principles for High Quality Motion Picture in AMLCDs Applicable to TV Monitors (2000)

Abstract Motion picture quality in AMLCDs is examined using a newly developed time‐based‐image integration measurement system. Effects of LC response time, hold‐type characteristics, and pixel capacitance (Clc) response time on the deterioration of picture quality are evaluated. For realization of TV application, both a double‐speed driving method (frame frequency of 120 Hz) and a pixel design rule of Clc << Cstg (storage capacitance) of the present fast LC response AMLCDs should be adopted.
Branch Misprediction Prediction: Complementary Branch Predictors (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new class of branch predictors, complementary branch predictors, which can be easily added to any branch predictor to improve the overall prediction accuracy. This mechanism differs from conventional branch predictors in that it focuses only on mispredicted branches. As a result, this mechanism has the advantages of scalability and flexibility (can be implemented with any branch predictor), but is not on the critical path. More specifically, this mechanism improves the branch prediction accuracy by predicting which future branch will be mispredicted next and when that will occur, and then it changes the predicted direction at the predicted time. Our results show that a branch predictor with the branch misprediction predictor achieves the same prediction accuracy as a conventional branch predictor that is 4 to 16 times larger, but without significantly increasing the overall complexity or lengthening the critical path.
Effect of 5-azacytidine on expression of the human DNA repair enzyme O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (1994)

The role of methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the regulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene expression has been investigated. A previous observation, that cell lines deficient in MGMT (Mer-) are methylated in a SmaI site in the MGMT gene promoter whereas MGMT-expressing cells (Mer+) are unmethylated in the same site, has been extended to a total of 30 cell lines, tumors and normal tissues. To examine further the association between methylation in the MGMT promoter and the Mer- phenotype we have treated Mer+ and Mer- cell lines with 5-azacytidine to inhibit DNA methylation. Reduced methylation in the SmaI site coincided with induction of MGMT expression for one of three Mer- cell lines. MGMT increased several-fold further upon continued culture of the induced cells in the absence of 5-azacytidine, coincident with an abrupt increase in methylation in the body of the MGMT gene even though the SmaI site remained demethylated. These results, and those of other previous studies, suggest that methylation of sequences within the MGMT gene promoter and methylation within the body of the gene have opposite effects.
Pan-Histone Demethylase Inhibitors Simultaneously Targeting Jumonji C and Lysine-Specific Demethylases Display High Anticancer Activities (2013)

In prostate cancer, two different types of histone lysine demethylases (KDM), LSD1/KDM1 and JMJD2/KDM4, are coexpressed and colocalize with the androgen receptor. We designed and synthesized hybrid LSD1/JmjC or "pan-KDM" inhibitors 1-6 by coupling the skeleton of tranylcypromine 7, a known LSD1 inhibitor, with 4-carboxy-4'-carbomethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine 8 or 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline 9, two 2-oxoglutarate competitive templates developed for JmjC inhibition. Hybrid compounds 1-6 are able to simultaneously target both KDM families and have been validated as potential antitumor agents in cells. Among them, 2 and 3 increase H3K4 and H3K9 methylation levels in cells and cause growth arrest and substantial apoptosis in LNCaP prostate and HCT116 colon cancer cells. When tested in noncancer mesenchymal progenitor (MePR) cells, 2 and 3 induced little and no apoptosis, respectively, thus showing cancer-selective inhibiting action.
Remote Management Services Over the Web (2000)

... In this paper, we introduce the notion of remote management and discuss the requirements for providing dynamic end-to-end remote management for internet-based services. We then describe a prototype demonstrating a web-based remote management service that uses an XML-based messaging scheme to communicate and exchange management and control information between the management system and the managed services and to provide customized views of the state of the managed service.
Fast Scene Voxelization and Applications (2006)

This sketch paper presents an overview of "Fast Scene Voxelization and Applications" published at the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. It introduces slicemaps that correspond to a GPU friendly voxel representation of a scene. This voxelization is done at run-time in the order of milliseconds, even for complex and dynamic scenes containing more than 1M polygons. Creation and storage is performed on the graphics card avoiding unnecessary data transfer. Regular but also deformed grids are possible, in particular to better fit the scene geometry. Several applications are demonstrated: shadow calculation, refraction simulation and shadow volume culling/clamping.
Poly(ethylene oxide) Layers Grafted to Dopamine-melanin Anchoring Layer: Stability and Resistance to Protein Adsorption (2011)

In this study, we propose substrate-independent modification for creating a protein-repellent surface based on dopamine-melanin anchoring layer used for subsequent binding of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) from melt. We verified that the dopamine-melanin layer can be formed on literally any substrate and could serve as the anchoring layer for subsequent grafting of PEO chains. Grafting of PEO from melt in a temperature range 70-110 °C produces densely packed PEO layers showing exceptionally low protein adsorption when exposed to the whole blood serum or plasma. The PEO layers prepared from melt at 110 °C retained the protein repellent properties for as long as 10 days after their exposure to physiological-like conditions. The PEO-dopamine-melanin modification represents a simple and universal surface modification method for the preparation of protein repellent surfaces that could serve as a nonfouling background in various applications, such as optical biosensors and tissue engineering.