gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Silicates and Ionic Surfactants in Dilute Solution (2006)

Understanding the interaction between silicate ions and surfactants is critical for the design and development of mesoporous siliceous materials. We examined the interaction between sodium silicate ions and three different cationic surfactants [namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)] and an anionic surfactant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] in dilute solution at room temperature. From the combination of several techniques, such as conductometric and potentiometric titrations, dynamic light scattering, and isothermal titration calorimetry, the phase behavior of the sodium silicate and CTAB system was determined. We observed that the aggregation behavior of the silicate−CTAB system is similar to that of a polymer−surfactant system. The formation of the silicate−CTAB complex is induced by the adsorption of SiOH and SiO- groups, aided by CTAB unimers. The electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction are the dominant forces controlling the formation of silicate−CTAB complexes. When these complexes are saturated with CTAB unimers, free CTAB micelles are then produced. TEM micrographs revealed that a stable Si−O−Si network is absent within the silicate−CTAB complexes, and surprisingly, stable silicate−CTAB complexes with ordered structure were observed. The present finding is important for understanding the interaction between silicate and surfactant in the synthesis of mesoporous structure in the dilute solution regime.
Les marchés d’action : quelle place pour l’Europe (2002)

Le 22 septembre 2000, les bourses de Paris, Bruxelles et Amsterdam ont fusionn? pour créer Euronext, la première bourse transnationale. Il est permis de penser que ce mouvement de concentration va se poursuivre, même si l’état actuel des marchés financiers ne pousse pas ? l’optimisme. Les objectifs de cette fusion sont clairs ; proposer une gamme de produits élargie et augmenter l’efficacit? et la transparence des transactions en uniformisant les procédures de négociation et de cotation. Dans une perspective plus large, il s’agit aussi, bien évidemment, de positionner favorablement le march? européen face ? ses concurrents nord-américains et asiatiques.
Color Images Watermarking of Multi-Level Structure for Multimedia Services (2007)

Watermark coefficient selection for color images, and the amount of inserted data in a human visual system have problems in robustness and invisibility among watermark requirements. As the technique that inserts watermarks uniformly in every image in different color spaces causes color alterations and image quality deterioration, watermarks should be selectively inserted in visually less sensitive places. In addition, watermark insertion is needed in devices with various features such as computers, PDAs and mobile phones as users want to use multimedia services on those devices. This paper suggests a watermark insertion technique for color images by selecting frequencies to insert watermarks in Y components that correspond to spatial locations, which are less sensitive to chrominance signals, and creating insertion keys that consider properties of frequency coefficients in multi-level structures. Therefore, insertion, invisibility and robustness of watermarks against JPEG compression for multimedia contents in devices with various performances can be quaranteed.
Human Amnion Epithelial Cells do Not Abrogate Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice with Impaired Macrophage Function (2012)

Since current treatments for both acute and chronic lung diseases are less than ideal, there has been recent interest in the use of cell-based therapies for inflammatory lung disease. Specifically, human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have been shown to reduce bleomycin-induced lung injury and prevent subsequent loss of respiratory function, primarily through modulation of the host immune response. The precise mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential of hAECs to mitigate bleomycin-induced lung injury in surfactant protein C deficient ( Sftpc -/- ) mice, which are highly susceptible to pulmonary injury as a result of impairment of macrophage function. Primary hAECs were administered to wild-type ( Sftpc +/+ ) and Sftpc -/- mice 24 h after exposure to bleomycin. Compared to Sftpc +/+ mice receiving bleomycin alone, Sftpc +/+ mice administered hAECs 24 h after bleomycin exposure had decreased expression of proinflammatory genes, decreased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, fibrosis, collagen content, and α-smooth muscle actin as well as a significant improvement in lung function. Compared to Sftpc -/- mice given bleomycin alone, Sftpc -/- mice administered hAECs 24 h after bleomycin did not have a decrease in inflammatory gene expression or a reduction in macrophage pulmonary infiltration. Subsequently, Sftpc -/- mice did not show any decrease in pulmonary fibrosis or improvement of lung function after hAEC administration. The ability of hAECs to mitigate bleomycin-induced lung injury is abolished in Sftpc -/- mice, suggesting that hAECs require normal host macrophage function to exert their reparative effects.
Estratégias de sobrevivência para pequenas e médias empresas em ambientes globalizados: um estudo de caso do setor eletroeletrônico (2005)

Com a globalização, crescem os níveis de rivalidade e pressão competitiva entre os concorrentes atuando nos mesmos mercados e áreas geográficas. Mesmo assim, as pequenas e médias empresas vêm se tornando participantes críticos nas economias nacionais e nos negócios mundiais. Mas pouco se sabe sobre quais estratégias de operações estas pequenas e médias empresas utilizam diante da globalização. No Brasil, com o aumento dos processos de fusões, aquisições que se articulam entre as organizações globais e empresas que atuam nacionalmente, aumentaram a turbulência e a incerteza nos mercados. As empresas que conseguem obter um bom conhecimento do ambiente em que se inserem podem tomar ações pró-ativas e influenciar na evolução do sistema. Este artigo trata da relação entre ambiente de competição, incertezas, ameaças e oportunidades percebidas, com foco em pequenas e médias empresas. É apresentado um estudo de caso de uma empresa de médio porte, denominada de X, que possuía uma situação estável no mercado por aproximadamente onze anos, ocupando a segunda posição, até que se deu a aquisição da empresa líder nacional pela líder global. O artigo apresenta as sugestões seguidas e que auxiliaram esta empresa a manter-se competitiva, embora carente de recursos financeiros e humanos.
Myeloid-associated differentiation antigens on stem cells and their progeny identified by monoclonal antibodies (1983)

Within the hematopoietic system, monoclonal antibodies reactive with antigenic determinants, expressed in a lineage- and stage-restricted fashion, can be used to map myeloid differentiation. We have generated a series of monoclonal antibodies that reacts with myeloid-associated determinants on committed myeloid stem cells and their progeny. Their reactivity with peripheral blood cells was identified by immunofluorescence assays, with bone marrow cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and with committed hematopoietic progenitor cells by both cytotoxic assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Antibody 1G10, which has previously been reported to react with cells of the granulocytic lineage and with a minor subset of mature monocytes, was shown to react with granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). Three antibodies not previously characterized (T5A7, L4F3, L1B2) were shown to react with both granulocytic and monocytic cells and in fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies to detectably stain granulocytic cells at different stages of maturation. These three antibodies also react with CFU-GM, two (L4F3 and L1B2) reacting with all CFU-GM, while T5A7 reacts with only a portion of the day 7 CFU-GM. Antibody L4F3 also reacts with a portion of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). In contrast, the previously reported antibody 5F1, which reacts with monocytic cells, nucleated erythroid cells, and platelets, was shown to react with erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E). Potential applications of these antibodies to studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis are discussed.
Experiments in Japanese text retrieval and routing using the NEAT system (1998)

This paper describes a structured investigation into the retrieval of Japanese text. The study includes a comparison of different indexing strategies for documents and queries, investigation of term weighting strategies principally derived for use with English texts, and the application of relevance feedback for query expansion. Results on the standard BMIR-Jl and BMIR-J2 Japanese retrieval collections indicate that term weighting transfers well to Japanese text. Indexing using dictionary based morphological analysis and character strings are both shown to be individually effective, but marginally better in combination.
Transformation of Clay Minerals by Calcium Hydroxide Attack (1963)

Abstract Calcium hydroxide was allowed to react with various clays, other silicates, and quartz at slightly elevated temperatures for several months. The reaction products were examined by X-ray diffraction, DTA, and electron microscopy, and were shown to be poorly-crystallized calcium silicate hydrates of the tobermorite family, and calcium aluminate hydrates. Quaternary phases were not detected, but some isomorphous substitution probably occurred. The extent of reaction was shown to be such that under appropriate conditions almost all of the clay mineral was decomposed. Electron micrographs of the reacted materials indicated that attack occurred from the edges of the particles, and in general the remaining unattacked portion of the clay did not suffer appreciable loss of crystallinity. It was postulated that the reaction involved progressive dissolution of the mineral at the edges of the particles in the strongly basic environment maintained by calcium hydroxide solution, followed by separate precipation of the reaction products. In these experiments the calcium silicate hydrate generated by the reaction between lime and quartz was uniformly calcium silicate hydrate gel (CSH (gel)); reaction with kaolinite and montmorillonite produced either CSH (gel) or calcium silicate hydrate (I) (CSH (I)) depending on the conditions of the reaction. At 60°C the alumina-bearing phase was tricalcium aluminate hexahydrate; at lower temperature the phase produced was a hexagonal material closely resembling 4CaO.Al 2 O 3 .13H 2 O (C 4 AH 13 ) but retaining a constant 7.6Å basal spacing regardless of its state of wetness or dryness. It was found that under appropriate conditions the formation of CSH(I) resulted in as effective a cementation as did the formation of CSH (gel).
DYSPROSIUM, CERIUM AND CHROMIUM MARKER DETERMINATION BY INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (1980)

An instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) procedure has been developed for the measurement of dysprosium (Dy), cerium (Ce) and chromium (Cr) using the Canadian SLOWPOKE nuclear reactor. These elements were included in animal feed at 25 ppm, 61 ppm and 0.34%, respectively. Concentrations in feed and digesta samples were determined by measuring, with a Ge(Li) detector coupled to a 4096 multichannel analyzer, the radioactivity induced by neutron irradiation. Quantitative analysis procedures based on 165m Dy (half-life:T 1/2 = 1.26 min), 51 Cr (T 1/2 = 27.8 days) and 141 Ce (T 1/2 = 32.6 days) were developed after a study of the major contributions to induced background activity in both feed and fecal materials. For short irradiations, 28 Al is the dominant induced background activity; for longer irradiations (> 2 h), 38 Cl, 56 Mn and 24 Na dominate. Inert markers with radioisotopes of half-lives less than several minutes ( 165m Dy) or longer than several days ( 51 Cr and 141 Ce) are most amenable to instrumental analysis. The application of the methods developed to routine analysis is discussed from the viewpoint of sample throughput and analysis time.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (2006)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a dominantly inherited disorder with an initially restricted pattern of weakness. Early involvement of the facial and scapular stabilizer muscles results in a distinctive clinical presentation. Progression is descending, with subsequent involvement of either the distal anterior leg or hip-girdle muscles. There is wide variability in age at onset, disease severity, and side-to-side symmetry, which is evident even within affected members of the same family. Although FSHD is considered a relatively benign dystrophy by some, as many as 20% of patients eventually become wheelchair-bound. Associated nonskeletal muscle manifestations include high-frequency hearing loss as well as retinal telangiectasias, both of which are rarely symptomatic. The causal genetic lesion in FSHD was described over a decade ago, raising hope that knowledge about its molecular and cellular pathophysiology was soon to follow. In the vast majority of cases, FSHD results from a heterozygous partial deletion of a critical number of repetitive elements (D4Z4) on chromosome 4q35; yet, to date, no causal gene has been identified. The accumulating evidence points to a complex, perhaps unique, molecular genetic mechanism. The absence of detectable expressed sequences from D4Z4, the association of FSHD-causing 4q35 deletions with a specific distal genomic sequence (4qA allele), altered DNA methylation patterns on 4q35, as well as other direct and indirect evidence point to epigenetic mechanisms. As a consequence, partial deletion of D4Z4 results in a (local) chromatin change and ultimately results in the loss of appropriate control of gene expression. There is at present no effective treatment for FSHD. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is needed to design targeted interventions. Despite these limitations, however, two randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted on FSHD. These trials, along with a previous natural history study, have helped to better define outcome measures for future trials in FSHD as well as other dystrophies.
An Adaptive Two-Phase Approach to WiFi Location Sensing (2006)

Environmental variations cause significant fluctuations in WiFi signals in the same location over time, rendering traditional RF-to-location pre-trained maps quickly obsolete. To solve this problem, we use a two-phase approach to determining the user's location. The first phase utilizes traditional pattern-matching to identify the general location, and a second phase applies logistic regression to distinguish between finer-grained locations. An adaptive calibration system allows the user to re-train and dynamically update the signal strength maps to account for the fluctuated signals. We show that our two-phase approach is able to achieve generally high accuracy (-95%) and over in areas of high signal fluctuations due to heavy access point and human density.
Condensation of O-Alkylisourea with Cyanamide and Synthesis of Cyano-O-Alkylisourea. (1966)

The condensation reaction of O-alkylisourea with cyanamide in organic solvents was investigated at relatively low temperatures. The following two reactions were found to occur simultaneously ; Using this new route, several cyano-O-alkylisoureas were prepared and some of their properties examined.
Molecular Characterization of Mutant Mouse Strains Generated from the EUCOMM/KOMP-CSD ES Cell Resource (2013)

The Sanger Mouse Genetics Project generates knockout mice strains using the EUCOMM/KOMP-CSD embryonic stem (ES) cell collection and characterizes the consequences of the mutations using a high-throughput primary phenotyping screen. Upon achieving germline transmission, new strains are subject to a panel of quality control (QC) PCR- and qPCR-based assays to confirm the correct targeting, cassette structure, and the presence of the 3' LoxP site (required for the potential conditionality of the allele). We report that over 86 % of the 731 strains studied showed the correct targeting and cassette structure, of which 97 % retained the 3' LoxP site. We discuss the characteristics of the lines that failed QC and postulate that the majority of these may be due to mixed ES cell populations which were not detectable with the original screening techniques employed when creating the ES cell resource.
Treatment of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: Results of a multicenter trial (1997)

Patients with the RSH or Smith-Lemli-Optiz syndrome (SLOS) have an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis which results in a deficiency of cholesterol and an elevation of the cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol. A treatment protocol consisting of administration of cholesterol +/- bile acids was initiated in an attempt to correct the biochemical abnormalities seen. Fourteen patients (8 female, 6 male: ages 2 months to 15 years) have now been treated for 6-15 months. Three patients received cholesterol alone, while 11 patients received cholesterol and one or more bile acids. Biochemical improvement in sterol levels and in the ratio of cholesterol to total sterols was noted in all patients. The most marked improvement was noted in patients presenting with initial cholesterol levels < 40 mg/dl. No toxicity was observed. Clinical improvement in growth and neurodevelopmental status was also observed.
Hierarchical Harmonic-Balance Methods for Frequency-Domain Analog-Circuit Analysis (2007)

As a widely adopted frequency-domain method, harmonic balance (HB) provides efficient steady-state circuit analysis for analog and RF circuits. The conventional matrix-implicit Krylov subspace technique with the block-diagonal (BD) preconditioner has made it possible to compute the steady-state responses of large-scale circuits. However, not all HB problems, particularly strongly nonlinear circuit problems, can be solved reliably or efficiently using the standard BD-preconditioning technique. In this paper, hierarchical HB methods are proposed wherein robust preconditioning is provided via solution of a set of approximate linearized HB problems of progressively smaller size across multiple levels of the problem hierarchy. These subproblems are constructed using the same matrix-implicit formulation to retain the memory efficiency of Krylov subspace methods. Moreover, the number of allocated Krylov subspace matrix solvers, hence the memory usage, is significantly reduced via a recently introduced solver-sharing technique. The efficiency of our hierarchical preconditioning technique is further improved by adopting a one-step correction to the standard BD preconditioner and a multigrid-motivated iterative scheme. It has been shown that the proposed approaches can achieve up to 10 runtime speedup over the popular BD preconditioner and robust convergence even for strongly nonlinear circuits for which the BD preconditioner fails to converge.
Story-map (2012)

Long form TV narratives present multiple continuing characters and story arcs that last over multiple episodes and even over multiple seasons. Writers increasingly take pride in creating coherent and persistent story worlds with recurring characters and references to backstory. Since viewers may join the story at different points and different levels of commitment, they need support to orient them to the fictional world, to remind them of plot threads, and to allow them to review important story sequences across episodes. Using the affordances of the digital medium we can create navigation patterns and auxiliary information streams to minimize confusion and maximize immersion in the story world. In our application, the iPad is used as a secondary screen to create a character map synchronized with the TV content, and to support navigation of story threads across episodes.
Purification Systems Based on Bacterial Surface Proteins (2012)

Part of ISBN 978-953-307-831-1 QC 20250304
Comparison of Translocation Rates of Various Indigenous Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Mesenteric Lymph Node (1988)

Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the lamina propria to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and other organs. We compared the relative abilities of various aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and obligately anaerobic bacteria to translocate from the GI tract to the MLN in gnotobiotic mice colonized with single strains of bacteria. Indigenous gram-negative enteric bacilli translocated in large numbers to the MLN, whereas gram-positive bacteria translocated at intermediate levels and obligately anaerobic bacteria at only very low levels. Our results suggest that enteric bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Enterobacter are associated with a higher incidence of bacteremia in debilitated patients, because these bacteria translocate more efficiently from the GI tract than do other bacteria, especially obligate anaerobes.
Evidence that murine hematopoietic cell subset marker J11d is attached to a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor (1987)

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (G-PI) has been shown to serve as membrane anchor for cell surface molecules such as Thy-1, Ly-6-controlled ThB and Qa antigens. Here, we present several lines of evidence indicating that the hematopoietic cell lineage (i.e. thymocytes, B cell subset and red blood cells) marker defined by the rat monoclonal antibody J11d is also a G-PI-linked structure. First, surface expression of the J11d-defined molecules, and that of the related antigen B2A2, was found to be specifically reduced by treatment of thymocytes and B lymphoma or hybridoma cells with excess of Staphylococcus aureus PI-specific phospholipase C; this enzyme also solubilizes a 35-40-kDa material from erythrocyte microsomal membranes corresponding to the predominant J11d-reactive red cell surface molecules. Second, Thy-1- mutants of the BW5147, T1M1, S1A or S49 murine T lymphoma cells of the complementary classes A, B, C and E (i.e. shown to be defective in the enzymatic machinery that posttranslationally modify Thy-1 molecules) also lack J11d, or express it at a very low level. Although directed at a G-PI-linked structure, the J11d monoclonal antibody, unlike other reagents to Thy-1 or Ly-6-controlled antigens, failed to induce thymocyte proliferation even in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate and cross-linker monoclonal antibody.
Detection of surface defects on sheet metal parts by using one-shot deflectometry in the infrared range (2010)

The early detection of surface defects on raw sheet metal parts is a critical problem in the automotive industry.Typical defects like dents, bumps and waviness are invisible at the early production stages because of the parts' rough surfaces.The defects become visible and disturbing only after the later production steps, in which the parts get painted and varnished, meaning that they become specular reflecting.The later the defect gets detected, the more the correction will cost.Currently, the raw sheet metal parts are only randomly tested by special, trained experts, which means subjective and qualitative results.To overcome this problem, we propose a method that can be used on-line on each part directly at the production line.The system employs a one-shot deflectometry method in the infrared range.At sufficiently long wavelengths, the sheet metal's surface becomes specular reflecting, thus enabling the use of the deflectometry method.For this method, a device capable of displaying a reference pattern at the infrared wavelengths was developed.This single infrared reference pattern is reflected from the surface of the raw sheet metal object and the reflected image is captured by a thermo-camera.The distortion of the reflected pattern due to the surface's geometry and defects is analyzed by the Fourier-transform method.Due to the single exposure method, vibrations during the measurement are not disturbing and the alignment problem, that is characteristic for multi-exposure methods, is nonexistent in this case.