gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Fine Motion by Markov Mixtures of Experts (1995)

Compliantcontrol is a standard method for performing fine manipulation tasks, like grasping and assembly, but it requires estimation of the state of contact between the robot arm and the objects involved. Here we present a method to learn a model of the movement from measured data. The method requires little or no prior knowledge and the resulting model explicitly estimates the state of contact . The current state of contact is viewed as the hidden state variable of a discrete HMM. The control dependent transition probabilities between states are modeled as parametrized functions of the measurement. We showthat their parameters can be estimated from measurements concurrently with the estimation of the parameters of the movementineach state of contact . The learning algorithm is a variant of the EM procedure. The E step is computed exactly# solving the M step exactly would require solving a set of coupled nonlinear algebraic equations in the parameters. Instead, gradient ascent is used to produce an increase in likelihood.
Stopping the clock on proteomic degradation by heat treatment at the point of tissue excision (2010)

The effectiveness of rapid and controlled heating of intact tissue to inactivate native enzymatic activity and prevent proteome degradation has been evaluated. Mouse brains were bisected immediately following excision, with one hemisphere being heat treated followed by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen while the other hemisphere was snap frozen immediately. Sections were cut by cryostatic microtome and analyzed by MALDI-MS imaging and minimal label 2-D DIGE, to monitor time-dependent relative changes in intensities of protein and peptide signals. Analysis by MALDI-MS imaging demonstrated that the relative intensities of markers varied across a time course (0-5 min) when the tissues were not stabilized by heat treatment. However, the same markers were seen to be stabilized when the tissues were heat treated before snap freezing. Intensity profiles for proteins indicative of both degradation and stabilization were generated when samples of treated and nontreated tissues were analyzed by 2-D DIGE, with protein extracted before and after a 10-min warming of samples. Thus, heat treatment of tissues at the time of excision is shown to prevent subsequent uncontrolled degradation of tissues at the proteomic level before any quantitative analysis, and to be compatible with downstream proteomic analysis.
Novel Research Horizons for Presenilins and γ-Secretases in Cell Biology and Disease (2010)

Presenilins are the catalytic subunits of larger tetrameric γ-secretase complexes. The degradome of these aspartyl proteases consists of at least 60 different substrates. γ-Secretase is key to regulated intramembrane proteolysis, releasing protein fragments that potentially transduce signals at both sides of the cell membrane. Characteristic for this novel form of cellular signaling is its irreversible nature, providing direction to biological processes. We discuss recent insights in structure-function and assembly of the γ-secretase complexes and emerging insights in the regulation of the activity of these enzymes. This novel knowledge will help to develop better drugs for Alzheimer's disease and cancer. We critically evaluate literature that proposes presenilin functions outside of the γ-secretase complex.
Reaction of the (111) faces of single-crystal indium phosphide with alkylating agents. Evidence for selective reaction of the P-rich face (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of the (111) faces of single-crystal indium phosphide with alkylating agents. Evidence for selective reaction of the P-rich faceAlan. Spool, Karen A. Daube, Thomas E. Mallouk, James A. Belmont, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3155–3157Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Next Generation Amplifiers Using Nanowire FETs (2008)

Vertical nanowire SGFETs(Surrounding Gate Field Effect Transistors) provide full gate control over the channel to eliminate short channel effects. This paper presents design and characterization of a differential pair amplifier using NMOS and PMOS SGFETs with a 10nm channel length and a 2nm channel radius. The amplifier dissipates <TEX>$5{\mu}W$</TEX> power and provides 5THz bandwidth with a voltage gain of 16, a linear output voltage swing of 0.5V, and a distortion better than 3% from a 1.8V power supply and a 20aF capacitive load. The 2nd and 3rd order harmonic distortions of the amplifier are -40dBm and -52dBm, respectively, and the 3rd order intermodulation is -24dBm for a two-tone input signal with 10mV amplitude and 10GHz frequency spacing. All these parameters indicate that vertical nanowire surrounding gate transistors are promising candidates for the next generation high speed analog and VLSI technologies.
Fluoxetine and amitriptyline inhibit nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and hyaluronic acid production in human synovial cells and synovial tissue cultures (1999)

Inhibition of NO and PGE2 production by connective tissue cells is a mechanism by which some antidepressant medications may affect pain, articular inflammation, and joint damage.
Some recommendations on building proxy caching service (1998)

In this paper, we present our research on WWW caching proxies. We drew some key conclusions on the service properties and caching policies, according to the results of our analysis of caching proxies. These conclusions include our recommendations on cache configuration and illustrate how choosing cache scenarios depends on the different requirements requested by the cache manager and different network conditions.
Multi-view Dense Depth Map Estimation (2010)

A novel dense depth map estimation algorithm is proposed in order to meet the requirements of N-view plus N-depth representation, which is one of the standardization efforts for the upcoming 3D display technologies. Hence, extraction of multiple depth maps is achieved from multi-view video. Starting from the piecewise planarity assumption of the scene, estimation of 3D structure of the patches, obtained through color-based over-segmentation, is achieved by plane- and angle-sweeping for every view independently. Markov Random Field (MRF) modeling is utilized for each view in pixel-wise manner in order to relax and refine the estimated planar models while incorporating visibility and consistency constraints. In this algorithm, the fusion of multiple depth maps is performed by updating belief values on the observed nodes based on depth and color consistency during the refinement step. The proposed method handles untextured surfaces, as well as depth discontinuities at object boundaries, due to its initial modeling of the scene as piecewise planar regions. The experimental results illustrate reliability and the robustness of the proposed algorithm for different type of scenes.
Trastuzumab emtansine: mechanisms of action and drug resistance (2014)

Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that is effective and generally well tolerated when administered as a single agent to treat advanced breast cancer. Efficacy has now been demonstrated in randomized trials as first line, second line, and later than the second line treatment of advanced breast cancer. T-DM1 is currently being evaluated as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. It has several mechanisms of action consisting of the anti-tumor effects of trastuzumab and those of DM1, a cytotoxic anti-microtubule agent released within thetarget cells upon degradation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-T-DM1 complex in lysosomes. The cytotoxic effect of T-DM1 likely varies depending on the intracellular concentration of DM1 accumulated in cancer cells, high intracellular levels resulting in rapid apoptosis, somewhat lower levels in impaired cellular trafficking and mitotic catastrophe, while the lowest levels lead to poor response to T-DM1. Primary resistance of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer to T-DM1 appears to be relatively infrequent, but most patients treated with T-DM1 develop acquired drug resistance. The mechanisms of resistance are incompletely understood, but mechanisms limiting the binding of trastuzumab to cancer cells may be involved. The cytotoxic effect of T-DM1 may be impaired by inefficient internalization or enhanced recycling of the HER2-T-DM1 complex in cancer cells, or impaired lysosomal degradation of trastuzumab or intracellular trafficking of HER2. The effect ofT-DM1 may also be compromised by multidrug resistance proteins that pump DM1 out of cancer cells. In this review we discuss the mechanism of action of T-DM1 and the key clinical results obtained with it, the combinations ofT-DM1 with other cytotoxic agents and anti-HER drugs, and the potential resistance mechanisms and the strategies to overcome resistance to T-DM1.
Canonical views of scenes depend on the shape of the space (2011)

Preference for “canonical ” views of objects in recognition, depiction, and imagery (Palmer, Rosch, &amp; Chase, 1981). Are there canonical views of scenes? What determines the
A New Out-Of-Band Power Suppression Scheme by Extending Effective Cyclic-Prefix of OFDM (2010)

In this paper, extended-cyclic-prefix OFDM (ECP-OFDM) is proposed to suppress the out-of-band (OOB) power due to discontinuity of consecutive OFDM symbols. Besides that effective CP length is increased, it shows the advantages of low implement complexity and good OOB suppression performance.
Learning to Forecast Pedestrian Intention from Pose Dynamics (2018)

For an autonomous car, the ability to foresee a humans action is very useful for mitigating the risk of a possible collision. To humans this pedestrian intention foresight comes naturally as they are able to recognize another person's actions just by perceiving subtle changes in posture. Approximating this intention inference ability by directly training a deep neural network is useful but especially challenging. First, sufficiently large datasets for intention recognition with frame-wise human pose and intention annotations are rare and expensive to compile. Second, training on smaller datasets can lead to overfitting and make it difficult to adapt to intra-class variations in action executions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a real time framework that learns (i) intention recognition using weak-supervision and (ii) locomotion dynamics of intention from pose information using transfer learning. This new formulation is able to tackle the lack of frame-wise annotations and to learn intra-class variation in action executions. We empirically demonstrate that our proposed approach leads to earlier and more stable detection of intention than other state of the art approaches with real time operation and the ability to detect intention one second before the pedestrian reaches the kerb.
Long-term orthodontic tooth movement response to short-term force in the rat. (1992)

Both the amount of force applied and the duration of the application affect tooth movement. To study the effect of duration, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with orthodontic appliances delivering a 40-gm initial mesial tipping force to the maxillary molars. The animals were divided into two longitudinal groups (I: 1 hour and II: 24 hours; N = 15). Sham-treated control (III) and 14 day (IV) continuous cross-sectional force tooth movement data were also included for comparison (72 rats per group). Extraoral cephalometric radiographs were obtained at appliance placement and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, & 14 days. Tooth movement was determined with respect to palatal implants. ANOVA indicated significant differences existed over time in each group (p = 0.0001). Continuous force applied for 14 days generated a classic three-part tooth movement curve. Short-term forces were characterized by initial mesial movement, a distal relapse period (d3-d5), and a late mesial movement period (d7-d14). The results suggest short-term forces of 1 and 24 hours initiate remodeling events, which result in tooth movement 7 to 14 days later and that the minimum effective duration of a 40-gm activation is less than 1 hour in this animal model.
Dual Airborne Laser Scanners Aided Inertial for Improved Autonomous Navigation (2009)

A dead-reckoning terrain referenced navigation (TRN) system is presented that uses two airborne laser scanners (ALS) to aid an inertial navigation system (INS). The system uses aircraft autonomous sensors and is capable of performing the dual functions of mapping and navigation simultaneously. The proposed system can potentially serve as a backup to the Global Positioning System (GPS), increase the robustness of GPS or it can be used to coast for extended periods of time. Although the system has elements of a conventional TRN system, it does not require a terrain database since its in-flight mapping capability generates the terrain data for navigation. Hence, the system can be used in both non-GPS as well as unknown terrain environments. It is shown that the navigation system is dead-reckoning in nature since errors accumulate over time, unless the system can be reset periodically by the availability of geo-referenced terrain data or a position estimate from another navaid. Results of the algorithm using a combination of flight trajectory data and synthesized ALS data are presented.
Selegiline as an Adjunct to Conventional Levodopa Therapy in Parkinson's Disease (1989)

Two hundred patients at a median age of 63 years, receiving conventional levodopa therapy for 8 years, who had had Parkinson's disease for 10 years, tried a regimen of selegiline (L-deprenyl), a type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor, at a daily dose of 10 mg, for varying periods from less than 6 months to more than 24 months (28% over 24 months). Selegiline does improve parkinsonism during the initial 6 months to 12 to 24 months of combined therapy in one third to almost half of patients with an end-of-dose type of response to long-term levodopa therapy. However, even this particular class of patients is unable to maintain such an improvement by 36 months, much less by 48 months, from the start of the selegiline trial. About one quarter of poor responders to levodopa and those with random deterioration show improvement in their parkinsonian status in the first 6 months of the selegiline trial, but their conditions quickly deteriorate by 1 year. The predominant pattern of response to previous levodopa therapy and the severity of the total disability score at the initiation of the selegiline trial were the two variables that were predictive of risk of failure with the drug. No evidence suggested that selegiline decreases the excess mortality rate of Parkinson's disease above that achieved with the use of levodopa alone. Selegiline as an adjunctive agent to conventional levodopa therapy was not unduly impressive with regard to preventing progression of Parkinson's disease.
Determination of Higher Order Propagating Modes in Wave-Guide Systems (1958)

A measuring technique is described for the quantitative determination of all propagating modes, both dominant and of higher order, in a straight, lossless, rectangular wave guide. Calibrated probes are used to measure the amplitude and phase of the electric fields at various locations on the wave-guide walls. The number of probe locations must be equal to or greater than the number of propagating modes at the frequency being considered. This measuring technique revealed that 31-kw peak power at the third harmonic (X band) was radiated by a 5-megawatt S-band magnetron.
The Role of the Blood Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Disorders and their Treatment (2011)

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major medical challenge that is set to increase substantially in the decades ahead with the massive increase in the number of people in the world aged 65 or more. Neuroprotective therapeutics have the potential to play a key role in helping manage this growing global burden of long-term neurological care. However, neuropharmaceutical research is associated with significant challenges including: (1) the complexity of the brain (the cause of the majority of neurodegenerative disorders remains unknown); (2) the liability of central nervous system (CNS) drugs to cause CNS side effects (which limits their use); and (3) the requirement of neuropharmaceuticals to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB itself also plays a key role in most (if not all) neurodegenerative disorders since BBB dysfunction inevitably leads to inflammatory change including the movement of immune cells and immune mediators into the brain, which then contribute to the process of neurodegeneration. This review focuses on the role of the BBB in both neurodegenerative disorders and neuropharmaceutical research.
Enhanced Adhesion of Elastic Materials to Small-Scale Wrinkles (2012)

The adhesive properties of a material can be greatly affected simply by wrinkling its surface. We show the importance of selecting the wrinkle feature sizes (amplitude, b; and wavelength, λ) that complement the material-defined length scale related to the adhesion energy and modulus. A rigid circular cylindrical punch patterned with aligned wrinkles ranging in amplitude from 0.5 to 5.0 μm with a fixed aspect ratio of 0.1 is used to characterize the adhesion of elastic films of smooth poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). The cross-linker concentration used to form the PDMS layers is varied to determine the impact of material properties on wrinkled surface adhesion. The elastic films have an average thickness of 240 μm and the average probe radius is 1 mm, leading to a confined contact scenario. The separation stress and work of debonding are presented for each cross-linker concentration with testing rates ranging over 3 orders of magnitude. For stiffer films (10 wt % cross-linker, E' ≈ 3.00 MPa), small wrinkles (b ≈ 0.5 μm) increase the separation stress by nearly 200% relative to a smooth interface whereas large wrinkles (b ≈ 5.0 μm) are shown to reduce adhesion significantly. A substantial increase in the debonding energy is also observed for these small-amplitude wrinkles contacting stiff materials. No discernible impact of wrinkled surface topography on the adhesion of softer (2 and 4 wt % cross-linker, 0.05 MPa < E' < 0.30 MPa) films is measured.
Coverage-based Neural Machine Translation. (2016)

However, attentional NMT ignores past alignment information, which leads to
over-translation and under-translation problems. In response to this problem,
we maintain a coverage vector to keep track of the attention history. The
coverage vector is fed to the attention model to help adjust the future
attention, which guides NMT to pay more attention to the untranslated source
words. Experiments show that coverage-based NMT significantly improves both
alignment and translation quality over NMT without coverage.
Low temperature elastomeric polyamides containing perfluorinated polyether building blocks (1983)

Abstract Reductive cleavage of derivatives from tetrafluoroethylene photooxidation resulted in perfluorinated polyethers with α,ω‐carboxylic ester groups B . Their condensation with suitable aliphatic and aromatic diamines gave a new class of elastomers, crosslinkable by organic peroxides. A good balance of low temperature elasticity, resistance to solvents, and thermostability was particularly found for aromatic polyamides.
A mechanistic study of hydrogen spillover in MoO<sub>3</sub>and carbon-based graphitic materials (2008)

We present a systematic study of the mechanisms of the hydrogen spillover process from a Pt(6) cluster onto a well-known hydrogen bronze material, MoO(3), and several carbon-based materials, including a graphene sheet and single walled carbon nanotubes, using density functional theory (DFT). We show that initially hydrogen undergoes a sequential dissociative chemisorption upon interacting with the Pt(6) cluster. The threshold desorption energy of H atoms was identified. We then mapped out the energetics required for hydrogen atoms to flow onto the surfaces of the selected materials in the vicinity of the subnanometer Pt(6) particle and to diffuse to other sites of the substrates. Our results indicate that while the spillover of H atoms onto the MoO(3) lattice can be greatly facilitated by the abundant H-bonding network, the process becomes energetically difficult on carbon-based materials via chemisorption since it requires C-H bond breaking. Spillover in the selected carbon-based materials could only become possible if 'cold' H atoms could come out of the saturated catalyst.
Video Fingerprinting Based on Centroids of Gradient Orientations (2006)

Fingerprints are feature vectors that can uniquely characterize the video signal. The goal of a video fingerprinting system is to judge whether two videos have the same contents by measuring distance between fingerprints extracted from the videos. In this paper, a novel video fingerprinting method based on the centroids of gradient orientations is proposed. The centroid of gradient orientations is chosen due to its reliability and robustness against common video processing steps. A threshold used to reliably determine a fingerprint match is theoretically derived, and its validity is experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the proposed fingerprint is not only pairwise independent but also robust against common video processing steps.
Microfluidics—from fundamental research to industrial applications (2013)

The advance of microfluidics started in the early 1980s. At the time, researchers realized that many processes and reactions in chemistry and biology, which typically take place on small length scales, can be defined, controlled and understood much better when using tools on equally small length scales. Reactions and reaction kinetics rely on (gradual) concentration differences and microfluidics provides the unique possibility to establish exactly such gradients of solutes, ion concentrations, pH value and so on. Nowadays the variety of specific microfluidic methods is large. In principle, they can be divided into two groups: (i) monophase flow, where miscible (e.g. aqueous) fluids are mixed, mostly by diffusion owing to the laminar flow on small length scales and (ii) multiphase flow, the most prominent example of which is probably droplet microfluidics, where water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions are used to encapsulate chemical or biological systems and separate them from each other, much like in 'micron-scale test tubes'. Now, 30 years later, microfluidic techniques are seriously considered for industrial applications, although some important steps in the upscaling process are still missing.