gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (2008)

Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and LTB4 are potent proinflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, which exerts important pharmacological effects through their interaction with specific receptors: Cys-LT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2) and LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2). Published evidence justifies a broader role for LT receptor antagonists (LTRAs), in particular, montelukast, in the treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and recently, in cardiocerebrovascular disease. The actions of Cys-LTs on the cardiovascular (CV) system are well-documented and include a broad array of activities with promising therapeutic targets in animal models exploring the use of selective 5-LO (or 5-LO-activating protein) inhibitors or dual LO-cycloxygenase-blocking agents in experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction. The picture that emerges from studies with LTRAs is more controversial at the moment, and some findings suggest a role for Cys-LTs in the extension of ischemic damage and in cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion; others do not. The aim of this short review is to summarize the state of present research about LT modifier treatment in CV disease.
Applying a 3DOF Orientation Tracker as a Human-Robot Interface for Autonomous Wheelchairs (2007)

Within this work, we demonstrate the applicability of a three degrees of freedom orientation tracker as suitable controlling equipment for an autonomous wheelchair. It is shown that a small-size sensor device, like the XSens MTx, can either serve as a joystick replacement, or as an interface device for a newly developed navigation algorithm. Specifically, the sensor device is mounted at the back of its operator's head, where it permanently measures posture values that are converted into adequate steering commands. Comprehensive experiments in a real world office scenario with untrained participants are used for evaluation purposes.
Alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and calcium: alpha 2-receptor blockade in vascular smooth muscle as an approach to the treatment of hypertension. (1990)

Vascular contractile effects of postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation are believed to involve transmembrane calcium influx. Although the current knowledge of the alpha 2-receptor response coupling of vascular smooth muscle contractions is still limited, the fundamental mechanism(s) may involve the extracellular calcium utilization process. This is mediated via the alpha 2-receptor operated calcium channel, which can be pharmacologically distinguished from that mediated via the potential-dependent calcium channel. Therefore, vascular selective alpha 2-antagonists may produce vasorelaxation via a calcium inhibitory action that is different from that of the typical calcium channel blockers. The literature on the in vitro isolated vascular tissue models has been reviewed with emphasis on the methodology for study of alpha 2-antagonist-induced vascular relaxation via selective blockade of the alpha 2-receptor-operated calcium channel. The alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, like alpha 1-receptors on vascular smooth muscle, serve an important role in the control of the arterial, as well as the venous tone in experimental animals and humans in relationship to sympathetic and humoral adrenergic activation of the cardiovascular system. Of particular importance is the possibility that alterations in vascular control of alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms may lead to increased intracellular free calcium concentrations, thereby causing elevated vascular resistance and high blood pressure. This view is consistent with the long held concept that disturbances of cellular calcium metabolism play a primary role in the pathogenesis of various forms of hypertension. Consequently, selective blockade of vascular alpha 2-adrenergic receptors would be a feasible approach for antihypertensive therapy. This type of antihypertensive agent would be expected to exhibit fewer side effects with efficacy, directed towards the etiology of hypertension.
Highly Anisotropic Elements for Acoustic Pentamode Applications (2013)

Pentamode metamaterials are a class of acoustic metafluids that are characterized by a divergence free modified stress tensor. Such materials have an unconventional anisotropic stiffness and isotropic mass density, which allow themselves to mimic other fluid domains. Here we present a pentamode design formed by an oblique honeycomb lattice and producing customizable anisotropic properties. It is shown that anisotropy in the stiffness can exceed 3 orders of magnitude, and that it can be realistically tailored for transformation acoustic applications.
Design, Behavior, and Recycling of Silica-Supported CuBr−Bipyridine ATRP Catalysts (2004)

A new strategy for immobilizing CuBr/bipyridine (bpy) complexes on silica surfaces is described. An immobilizable, organosilane-containing bpy ligand (SdMBpyTMS) is synthesized and complexed with CuBr followed by addition to four different silica supports, mesoporous SBA-15 with 50 and 100 Å pores, controlled pore glass (CPG) with 240 Å pores, and nonporous Cab-O-Sil EH5. The resulting solids are characterized by a battery of techniques including thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), FT-Raman spectroscopy, 13C and 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) and cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, and elemental analysis. Characterization of these solids revealed that a mixture of covalently immobilized mono- and bis-copper coordinated complexes, uncoordinated ligand, and in some cases physisorbed copper exists on the silica surface. The resulting solids are utilized for ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Whereas catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15 are ineffective at controlling the polymerization, CuBr/SdMBpy complexes immobilized on CPG(240) and Cab-O-Sil are effective at mediating the controlled polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Polymerizations with these catalysts achieved >70% conversion, narrow molecular weight distributions (1.29 < PDI < 1.52), and low (undetectable) residual copper content in the final polymer. Application of the “immobilized/soluble hybrid” methodology with these silica supported catalysts did not result in well-controlled polymerizations due to strong partitioning of the soluble catalyst onto the silica support under the conditions employed here, perhaps elucidating a limitation of this methodology with silica-supported catalysts. A new methodology for catalyst regeneration is described utilizing a simple treatment of the used catalyst with AIBN. The AIBN regenerated catalysts can be recycled with moderate conversions and narrow molecular weight distributions comparable to the first catalyst use.
Genomic Organization, Differential Expression, and Interaction of SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding-Like Transcription Factors and microRNA156 in Rice (2006)

Transcription factors play essential roles in the developmental processes of plants. Many such factors are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). SQUAMOSA (SQUA) promoter-binding-like (SPL) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors, some of which contain complementary sequences of miRNA156. In this study, 19 rice (Oryza sativa) SPL (OsSPL) genes and 12 rice miRNA156 (OsmiR156) precursors were identified in the rice genome. Sequence and experimental analysis suggested that 11 OsSPL genes were putative targets of OsmiR156. Plant SPL proteins were classified into six subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis of SQUA promoter-binding protein domain. Diverse exon-intron structures and distinct organizations of putative motifs beyond the SQUA promoter-binding protein domains were identified in the OsSPL gene family. Transcript level analysis of OsSPL genes in various rice tissues and organs revealed different tempospatial expression patterns. More than half of the OsSPL genes including most OsmiR156-targeted genes are predominantly expressed in the young panicles, whereas OsmiR156 genes are predominantly expressed in the young shoots and leaves of rice. Overexpression of two OsmiR156 genes (OsmiR156b and OsmiR156h) in rice resulted in severe dwarfism, strongly reduced panicle size, and delayed flowering, suggesting that OsmiR156 and OsSPL target genes are involved in various developmental processes, especially the flower development of rice. Different patterns of transcript changes (decreased or unchanged) of different target genes in same tissue and of same target gene in different tissues detected in the OsmiR156-overexpressing plants suggested diverse interactions between OsmiR156 and OsSPL target genes in a tissue-specific manner.
A WDMA ring network with holographic wavelength-selective partial demultiplexers (2002)

A wavelength division multiplexing architecture (WDMA) ring network with holographic wavelength-selective partial demultiplexers (WSPD) is proposed as an alternative approach to the conventional WDMA ring network using add-drop multiplexers. We analyze the power division problem in this network and propose an integrated waveguide with multiple phase gratings as a potential device to build the WSPD.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interferon signaling patterns in peripheral blood lymphocytes may predict clinical outcome after high-dose interferon therapy in melanoma patients (2011)

While the sample size is small, these results suggest that interferon signaling patterns in PBL correlate with clinical responses and may predict clinical outcome after HDI in patients with melanoma. A larger confirmatory study is warranted, which may yield a novel approach to select patients for HDI therapy.
A method of range and depth estimation by modal decomposition (1987)

Normal mode amplitudes are definite functions of depth and have a characteristic phase as a function of source range rs [i.e., exp(−ikirs), where ki is the ith mode wavenumber]. The range and depth of an acoustic source in the ocean can then be determined by decomposing array data and beamforming on the mode amplitudes. In particular, the product of the normal mode amplitudes with the steering vector Ui [where Ui=exp(ikir) ] is maximum for the true source range (r=rs). Similarly, the correlation of the measured (decomposed) mode amplitudes with the theoretically calculated mode amplitudes is maximum at the source depth. Accurate range and depth estimation with this approach, however, requires reliable estimates of the mode amplitudes. In this article, an eigenvector decomposition technique is used to extract the mode amplitudes for data received on a long (1-km) vertical array. Range and depth are successfully estimated both for simulated data and for data from the 1982 FRAM IV experiment in the Arctic Ocean. The effect of the number of modes on the estimates is also illustrated.
An Increased Number of CD4+CD25+ Cells Induced by an Oral Administration of <b><i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i></b> NRIC0380 Are Involved in Antiallergic Activity (2013)

The induction of Treg cells by the oral administration of NRIC0380 would be involved in the antiallergic activity of NRIC0380.
Integration of TP53, DREAM, MMB-FOXM1 and RB-E2F target gene analyses identifies cell cycle gene regulatory networks (2016)

Cell cycle (CC) and TP53 regulatory networks are frequently deregulated in cancer. While numerous genome-wide studies of TP53 and CC-regulated genes have been performed, significant variation between studies has made it difficult to assess regulation of any given gene of interest. To overcome the limitation of individual studies, we developed a meta-analysis approach to identify high confidence target genes that reflect their frequency of identification in independent datasets. Gene regulatory networks were generated by comparing differential expression of TP53 and CC-regulated genes with chromatin immunoprecipitation studies for TP53, RB1, E2F, DREAM, B-MYB, FOXM1 and MuvB. RNA-seq data from p21-null cells revealed that gene downregulation by TP53 generally requires p21 (CDKN1A). Genes downregulated by TP53 were also identified as CC genes bound by the DREAM complex. The transcription factors RB, E2F1 and E2F7 bind to a subset of DREAM target genes that function in G1/S of the CC while B-MYB, FOXM1 and MuvB control G2/M gene expression. Our approach yields high confidence ranked target gene maps for TP53, DREAM, MMB-FOXM1 and RB-E2F and enables prediction and distinction of CC regulation. A web-based atlas at www.targetgenereg.org enables assessing the regulation of any human gene of interest.
Nanometer-sized silicon crystallites prepared by excimer laser ablation in constant pressure inert gas (1996)

We report nanometer-sized silicon (Si) crystallites prepared by excimer laser ablation in constant pressure inert gas ambient. Size distribution of the Si ultrafine particles depends on the pressure of inert gas ambients. The relation between the average size and the ambient pressure can be explained by an inertia fluid model. It is verified that the size of the Si ultrafine particles is ∼3 nm and greater in diameter. Furthermore, crystallinity of the nanoscale ultrafine particles is crystalline similar to that of bulk Si.
Effects of Carbon Source and Explant Type on Somatic Embryogenesis of Four Cacao Genotypes (2006)

The effects of five carbon sources (glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, and sucrose) and two explant types (petals and staminodes) on cacao somatic embryogenesis was studied. No growth was observed on both types of explants cultured on sorbitol containing media and slow growth was obtained on media supplemented with maltose. Depending on the genotype, the percentage of explants producing one or more embryos ranged from 6% to 99%, 18% to 98%, and 3% to 82% on media containing glucose, fructose and sucrose respectively. Explants cultured continuously on maltose or sorbitol-containing media failed to produce embryos. Staminode explants produced 3 to 10 times more somatic embryos than petals. A strong genotypic effect on somatic embryogenesis was observed. Staminode explants of the Forastero clones Laranja and PSUSca 6 produced 2 to 30 times more somatic embryos than the Trinitarios UF 613 and ICS 16. During embryo maturation and conversion, no significant differences were observed among glucose, fructose, maltose, or sucrose for embryo weight, total shoot and root production. However, we found that all plantlets produced on glucose had shoots with normal cacao leaves while the other carbon sources sometimes produced plantlets with cotyledon-like leaves.
Detection and enrichment of disseminated renal carcinoma cells from peripheral blood by immunomagnetic cell separation (2001)

We have established an immunomagnetic separation procedure for the detection of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood based on the magnetic cell sorting (MACS) technique. In previous in vitro experiments, renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) cells were mixed with peripheral blood. In dilutions of 1:200 to 1:107 tumor cells per mononuclear blood cells, an average recovery rate of 84% of tumor cells was determined. In our study, 104 peripheral blood samples from 59 renal carcinoma patients were analyzed. MACS resulted in significant depletion of leukocytes, permitting a search for tumor cells on just 1 slide. Analyzing 8 ml of peripheral blood per patient, 19/59 RCC patients carried disseminated tumor cells (32%) in the range of 1 to 38 cells (median 8). Interestingly, for the cytokeratin-positive (CK+) patient group, we found a correlation between tumor cell number and grading (G2 vs. G3) and an increased number of CK+ patients with advanced tumor stage. MACS appears to be an efficient technique to detect disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood.
Interactions between isolates of <i>Puccinia smyrnii</i> , an autoecious, demicyclic rust and accessions of <i>Smyrnium olusatrum</i> (1999)

Plants derived from bulked seed samples of Smyrnium olusatrum collected from small patches of plants in Anglesey, Gwynedd, Shropshire and Suffolk were all susceptible, but expressed quantitative differences in disease severity, when inoculated with either aeciospores or teliospores of Puccinia smyrnii from the same or similar locations under controlled environmental conditions. Latent periods (mean 16 and 11 days for appearance of telia and spermagonia, respectively) were longer in 1996 compared with repeat inoculation in 1997 when the rust was more severe. Summation of mean numbers for each year of both aecia and telia, for rust isolate × host accession combinations, showed significantly different numbers of aecia in both years but not of telia. Incidence and severity of P. smyrnii varied on plants derived from seed from Anglesey, Shropshire and Suffolk when transplanted into a naturally rust‐affected population of S. olusatrum at Gwynedd, but all plants were susceptible. Experimental transfer of spermatia between spermagonia confirmed that P. smyrnii is heterothallic.
Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Remodeling in Development and Disease (2011)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves diverse functions and is a major component of the cellular microenvironment. The ECM is a highly dynamic structure, constantly undergoing a remodeling process where ECM components are deposited, degraded, or otherwise modified. ECM dynamics are indispensible during restructuring of tissue architecture. ECM remodeling is an important mechanism whereby cell differentiation can be regulated, including processes such as the establishment and maintenance of stem cell niches, branching morphogenesis, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and wound repair. In contrast, abnormal ECM dynamics lead to deregulated cell proliferation and invasion, failure of cell death, and loss of cell differentiation, resulting in congenital defects and pathological processes including tissue fibrosis and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of ECM remodeling and its regulation, therefore, is essential for developing new therapeutic interventions for diseases and novel strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the novel synthetic <i>C</i>‐nucleoside, 1‐(2‐deoxy‐<i>β</i>‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,4‐difluoro‐ 5‐iodobenzene: a potential mimic of 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (2002)

1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-iodobenzene (5-IDFPdR) is one of the several unnatural 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-substituted-benzenes recently synthesized for evaluation as anticancer, antiviral and diagnostic imaging agents. This class of C-nucleosides was designed to exploit several potential advantages relative to classical 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridines, including stability towards phosphorolysis by pyrimidine phosphorylase, increased lipophilicity that may alter their ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier, and a greater resistance towards catabolism and deiodination. The physiochemical evaluation of 5-IDFPdR showed high lipophilicity (log P = 2.8), moderately high protein binding (70-75%), stability towards phosphorolysis (e.g. no evidence of metabolic deglycosylation) by thymidine phosphorylase, and minimal microsomal metabolism in vitro. Pharmacokinetic studies of 5-IDFPdR in rat were characterized by a short elimination half-life (9-12 min), modest urinary elimination in pooled 0-24 h urine specimens (10-14%, including 2% as unconjugated drug) and high oral bioavailability (F = 0.96). Both glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were present in urine. Glucuronidation was the predominant conjugation pathway.
Role prediction using electronic medical record system audits (2011)

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) provide convenient access to patient data for parties who should have it, but, unless managed properly, may also provide it to those who should not. Distinguishing the two is a core security challenge for EMRs. Strategies proposed to address these problems include Role Based Access Control (RBAC), which assigns collections of privileges called roles to users, and Experience Based Access Management (EBAM), which analyzes audit logs to determine access rights. In this paper, we integrate RBAC and EBAM through an algorithm, called Roll-Up, to manage roles effectively. In doing so, we introduce the concept of “role prediction ” to identify roles from audit data. We apply the algorithm to three months of logs from Northwestern Memorial Hospital’s Cerner system with approximately 8000 users and 140 roles. We demonstrate that existing roles can be predicted with 50 % accuracy and intelligent grouping of roles through Roll-Up can facilitate 65 % accuracy.
Analysis of Ambient Temperature Effect on Gas Turbine Centaur 40 at Sepinggan Production Field, Chevron Indonesia Company (2019)

Gas turbine Centaur 40 drive gas compressor operates 24 hours a day and continuously with monitored output parameters, namely pressure and the gas flow capacity In its operation, it is often found that the optimal output parameters are generated during low ambient temperatures, for example in the night, cloudy and rainy. This study is aimed to determine the effect of changes in ambient temperature on the gas turbine power. During operation and research was done, the independent variable used is ambient temperature at 24 – 33 0C at constant 100% rotation of the turbine shaft. The decrease in gas turbine performance is seen from the increase in Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), a decrease in the power produced and thermal efficiency. Specific fuel consumption value from the calculation results is 0.06072 kg/kW.h at 24 0C ambient temperature and 0.06565 kg/kW.h at 33 0C ambient temperature. Power produced by the power turbine is 3532,657 HP at 24 0C ambient temperature and 3046,557 HP at 33 0C ambient temperature, while the thermal efficiency cycle is 54,159% at 24 0C ambient temperature and 49,727% at 33 0C ambient temperature. Keywords: gas turbine, ambient temperature, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency.
Rover odometry aided by a star tracker (2013)

This paper develops a practical framework for estimating rover position in full-dark conditions by correcting relative odometric estimates with periodic, absolute-attitude measurements from a star tracker. The framework is validated using just under 2.5 kilometres of field data gathered at the University of Toronto's Koffler Scientific Reserve at Jokers Hill (KSR) comprised of both wheel odometry and lidar-based Visual Odometry (VO). It is shown that for the wheel odometry solution, the final estimate of rover position was within 21 metres of the groundtruth as calculated by a differential GPS receiver, or 0.85% of the total traverse distance. When the star tracker measurements are artificially limited to occurring approximately every 250 metres, the algorithm still performs well, giving a final position error of 75.8 metres or 3.0%. Preliminary results to replace wheel odometry with lidar-based VO for the development a full-dark visual solution are also presented. The lidar-based VO solution is shown to be capable of outperforming wheel odometry, but more work is required to develop methods to handle the variety of terrain conditions encountered.
Über Schwefel‐Ylide, VIII. Umsetzungen des Dimethyl‐oxo‐sulfoniummethylids mit Olefinen, Aromaten und Alkylierungsmitteln (1965)

Abstract Dimethyl‐oxo‐sulfoniummethylid ( 2 ) reagiert mit α.β‐ungesättigten Carbonamiden zu Cyclopropan‐carbonsäureamiden oder Pyrrolidonen. Im Gegensatz zu elektrophilen aktivierten Olefinen erweisen sich elektronenreiche ungesättigte Systeme als reaktionsträge. Einige Aromaten werden durch 2 methyliert. Die Einwirkung von Alkylierungsmitteln auf 2 verläuft in überraschender Weise.
Semiclassical description of non magnetic cloaking (2008)

We present a semiclassical description of non-magnetic cloaking. The semiclassical result is confirmed by numerical simulations of a gaussian beam scattering from the cloak. Further analysis reveals that certain beams penetrate the non-magnetic cloak thereby degrading the performance.