gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive context for medical information systems (2007)

With the considerable increase of data and the diversity of the user’s needs, the personalisation of information becomes a real challenge in medical information systems. In this context, we propose a technique to personalise medical information, based on a profile modeling. This technique consists in: 1) building user’s profile and 2) using these profiles in the medical information adaptation. The first step considers three dimensions: access right, skills, preferences. The second step consists in filtering data in response to user query according to profile content. Thus, users access relevant information personalized in the appropriate form at the right time with minimal user effort.
Factors affecting the activities of nitrophenol fungicides III. The influence of substituents on the hydrogen bonding characteristics of nitro‐ and halogeno‐phenols (1972)

Abstract The hydrogen bonding characteristics of alkyl, halogeno‐ and cyanonitrophenols and some halogenophenols were determined from a study of their i.r. spectra. Relative strengths of inter‐ and intramolecular bonds are quoted.
Rational use of diagnostic tools in hepatitis C. (1996)

Six years after the introduction of serological tests for the detection of antibodies to HCV these diagnostic procedures have been improved significantly. The ELISA's of the third generation contain 4-5 fragments of structural and nonstructural proteins which have increased the sensitivity and specificity for antibody detection. Several confirmatory assays have been established to detect non-specific reactions. Viremia in acute and chronic HCV infection can be detected by RT-PCR. However, studies on the quality of PCR results with serum panels in a large number of diagnostic labs indicate the urgent need to standardize the RT-PCR techniques. Quantification of viral genomes during acute and chronic HCV infection seem to be of major importance to predict the response rat to IFN. Quantitative RT-PCR techniques using internal standards and the branched DNA technology have been established. Techniques for genotyping HCV isolates have been introduced which also seemed to be important for prediction of IFN response. Recently serotyping of HCV isolates has been evaluated and seems to correlate well with genotyping by RT-PCI and specific probes. The detection of quasispecies in the 5'NCR may, in the future, be an additional prospective test for the prognosis of IFN treatment.
Metabolism of the NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Tridecapeptide of Gastrin-17 in Normal Subjects and Duodenal Ulcer Patients (1983)

The metabolism of the NH2-terminal tridecapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 (1-13)G-17) was examined in normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. A dose of 65 pmol synthetic human (1-13)G-17/kg/h was infused intravenously for 90 min. After cessation of infusion the disappearance curve was similar in the two groups. The mean half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance rate were, for normal and duodenal ulcer subjects, 6.3 and 6.3 min, 100 and 93 ml/kg, and 11.0 and 10.2 ml/kg/h, respectively. The gastric acidity decreased during the infusion in duodenal ulcer patients (54 +/- 11 to 40 +/- 10 meq/l (p less than 0.02] but not in normal subjects. The results suggest that the increased serum concentrations of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 in duodenal ulcer patients are not caused by a decreased metabolism of (1-13)G-17. Moreover, the data show that (1-13)G-17 reduces gastric acid secretion.
Codes for network switches (2013)

A network switch routes data packets between its multiple input and output ports. Packets from input ports are stored upon arrival in a switch fabric comprising multiple memory banks. This can result in memory contention when distinct output ports request packets from the same memory bank, resulting in a degraded switching bandwidth. To solve this problem, we propose to add redundant memory banks for storing the incoming packets. The problem we address is how to minimize the number of redundant memory banks given some guaranteed contention resolution capability. We present constructions of new switch memory architectures based on different coding techniques. The codes allow decreasing the redundancy by 1/2 or 2/3, depending on the request specifications, compared to non-coding solutions.
Neural Darwinism: The Theory Of Neuronal Group Selection (1987)

Somatic Selection * A Summary and Historical Introduction * Structure, Function, and Perception * Neuronal Group Selection Epigenetic Mechanisms * Developmental Bases of Diversity: The Primary Repertoire * Cellular Dynamics of Neural Maps * Evolution and Function of Distributed Systems * Synapses as Populations: The Bases of the Secondary Repertoire Global Functions * Action and Perception * Categorization and Memory * Selective Networks and Recognition Automata * Selection, Learning, and Behavior Conclusion * Summary, Predictions, and Implications
Parallel ray tracing for radiative heat transfer (2001)

Notes that, in a full‐scale application of the Monte Carlo method for combined heat transfer analysis, problems usually arise from the large computing requirements. Here the method to overcome this difficulty is the parallel execution of the Monte Carlo method in a distributed computing environment. Addresses the problem of determination of the temperature field formed under the assumption of radiative equilibrium in an enclosure idealizing an industrial furnace. The medium contained in this enclosure absorbs, emits and scatters anisotropically thermal radiation. Discusses two topics in detail: first, the efficiency of the parallelization of the developed code, and second, the influence of the scattering behavior of the medium. The adopted parallelization method for the first topic is the decomposition of the statistical sample and its subsequent distribution among the available processors. The measured high efficiencies showed that this method is particularly suited to the target architecture of this study, which is a dedicated network of workstations supporting the message passing paradigm. For the second topic, the results showed that taking into account the isotropic scattering, as opposed to neglecting the scattering, has a pronounced impact on the temperature distribution inside the enclosure. In contrast, the consideration of the sharply forward scattering, that is characteristic of all the real combustion particles, leaves the predicted temperature field almost undistinguishable from the absorbing/emitting case.
Edge sharpness and enhancement of electron radiographs (ERGs) produced with powder cloud development (1975)

Much renewed interest has developed in electrostatic imaging systems. This is partly because of their use of relatively inexpensive materials and their potential for improved diagnostic accuracy--a novel combination of image latitude with great detail contrast. All such systems can exhibit these image characteristics when developed by the generally used "powder cloud" technique or some similar partial development system. We have measured edge sharpness and enhancement of electron radiographs (ERGs) produced with the powder cloud technique. Edge sharpness can be excellent at low image-density levels, but deteriorates with increasing density. Edge enhancement is also appreciable; it appears to decrease somewhat with increasing image density, but no simple relationship has yet been shown.
A 13.56 MHz high-efficiency current mode class-D amplifier using a transmission-line transformer and harmonic filter (2011)

This paper presents a high-efficiency current mode class-D (CMCD) amplifier using a Guanella's 1∶1 transmission-line transformer and a harmonic filtering technique. Low second and third harmonic levels are achieved by the harmonic filtering technique used in the output matching network. The implemented CMCD amplifier exhibited a power gain of 13.4 dB and a high PAE of 84.6 % at an output power of 44.4 dBm using a 13.56 MHz input CW signal. The second and third harmonic distortion levels were measured at −50.3 dBc and −46.5 dBc, respectively, at the same power level.
IEEE 1394: a ubiquitous bus (2002)

The IEEE 1394 high-speed serial bus promises to revolutionize the transport of digital data for computers and for professional and consumer electronics products. By providing an inexpensive non-proprietary high-speed method of interconnecting digital devices, IEEE 1394 is a truly universal I/O connection. Its scalable architecture and flexible peer-to-peer topology make 1394 ideal for connecting devices from computers and hard drives, to digital audio and video hardware. Isochronous, just in time delivery, allows low-cost implementations of time-critical multimedia interfaces. This paper examines this IEEE 1394 bus and provides a glimpse into its future potential.
Light-Emitting Tridentate Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes Containing σ-Alkynyl Auxiliaries:  Tuning of Photo- and Electrophosphorescence (2004)

The synthesis and structural, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties of a class of platinum(II) complexes bearing sigma-alkynyl ancillary ligands, namely [(C/N/N)Pt(C[triple bond]C]nR] [H(C/N/N) = 6-aryl-2,2'-bipyridine; n = 1-4; R = aryl, alkyl, or trimethylsilyl], have been studied. Substituents with different steric and electronic properties were introduced into the tridentate cyclometalating and arylacetylide ligands, and the pi-conjugation length of the oligoynyl moiety was homologously extended from ethynyl to octatetraynyl. The X-ray crystal structures of several derivatives confirm the Pt-(CC) ligation and reveal various intermolecular interactions, such as pi-pi, Pt...Pt, and C-H...F-C. The complexes display good thermal stability and intense phosphorescence in fluid and glassy solutions with high quantum yields and microsecond lifetimes. Their emission energies are sensitive to solvent polarity, the electronic affinities of the substituents on both the cyclometalating and arylacetylide groups, and the length of the oligoynyl ligand. By choosing appropriate cyclometalating and sigma-alkynyl ligands, the emission color of this class of platinum(II) complexes can be tuned from green-yellow to saturated red. In addition to (3)MLCT [Pt(5d) --> pi*(C/N/N)] and (3)IL(C/N/N), intriguing (3)IL(alkynyl) excited states localized on -(C[triple bond]C)(4)- and -(C[triple bond]Cpyrenyl-1) moieties that afford narrow-bandwidth emissions have been observed. Selected Pt(II) complexes were doped into the emissive region of multilayer, vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diodes. The tunable electrophosphorescence energy resembles that recorded in fluid solutions for these emitters, and the devices exhibit high luminance and efficiencies (up to 4.2 cd A(-1)).
Differential regulation of apolipoprotein-E messenger RNA in zona fasciculata cells of rat adrenal gland determined by in situ hybridization. (1992)

Previous studies showed that apolipoprotein-E (apoE) mRNA is regulated in rat adrenal gland by treatments that alter adrenal gland cholesterol content and steroidogenesis. In the present study cell types expressing apoE mRNA were determined by in situ hybridizations using an [alpha-35S]UTP-labeled RNA probe. Autoradiographic grains were counted to compare apoE expression in adrenal glands from control and experimentally treated animals. In control adrenal gland, zona (z.) fasciculata and z. reticularis exhibited the highest level of apoE mRNA expression, with lower levels in z. glomerulosa and medulla. Dexamethasone (DEX) treatment selectively increased apoE mRNA 3-fold in outer z. fasciculata, but not in other adrenal zones. ApoE mRNA expression appeared to be lower in adrenal glands from 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine-treated rats, in that differences among adrenal gland zones were abolished. DEX treatment increased adrenal gland cholesteryl ester and oil red O staining in z. fasciculata cells in which the apoE mRNA concentration was increased as well as in other cortical cells in which apoE mRNA was unchanged. Aminoglutethimide administration led to a large increase in oil red O staining throughout the cortex, including z. fasciculata, without affecting apoE mRNA expression. These data suggest that adrenal gland apoE mRNA expression is not closely coupled to cellular cholesterol concentrations. Increased apoE mRNA expression in z. fasciculata of DEX-treated animals suggests an inverse relationship between apoE mRNA concentration and the level of steroidogenesis. This result is consistent with the proposal that apoE may play a role in regulating the utilization of cholesterol for steroid production.
Logarithmically graded quantum well far-infrared modulator (1994)

We have designed and fabricated a remotely doped ‘‘logarithmic’’ potential well intended to have a tunable, narrow band absorption at far-infrared frequencies. A surface gate, epitaxially grown backgate, and contact to the electron gas in the quantum well allow independent control of the absorption frequency and the integrated absorption strength. The resonance frequency is dominated by the well curvature at the potential minimum and can be Stark shifted from ω/2πc=35 cm−1 to a frequency of 125 cm−1 by moving the electron gas through the asymmetric well.
Visible and uv Laser Oscillation at 118 Wavelengths in Ionized Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Oxygen, and Other Gases (1965)

Laser oscillation has been observed at one hundred and eighteen wavelengths in ionized neon, argon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, and other gases in the spectral range 2677 Å to 7993 Å. Of these lines, ninety-six have been definitely identified, and arise from singly, doubly, and triply ionized atoms. A 2-m, pulsed dc discharge was employed. Measured and calculated wavelengths and level classifications are tabulated. The majority of the laser lines observed are shown by comparison with calculated relative line strengths to be the strong lines predicted by L-S coupling that possess lower levels optically connected to the ion ground state. The rules ΔS = 0, ΔJ = ΔL = +1 are reasonably well obeyed, although violations of L-S restrictions on core change and multiplicity are also observed. Evidence of upper level population by electron collision with ground-state ions is presented. The time dependence of laser output under pulsed excitation is discussed.
Genome-wide DNA Methylation in Human Heart Failure (2011)

Rapidly advancing high-throughput sequencing technology is now bringing attention to many basic biological aspects of the human genome. DNA methylation refers to the epigenetic modification of cytosine nucleotides by a methyl group that occurs throughout the genome. Owing to its significant influence on protein-DNA interactions and subsequent gene-expression control, some scientists call methylated-cytosines 'the 5th nucleotide'. We recently reported the first evidence of differential DNA methylation in human heart failure. Altered DNA methylation and a change in the expression of proximal genes have also been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques. For other diseases such as psychosis and cancer, the role of DNA methylation on disease pathogenesis and progression has already been shown and forms the target for new drug therapy. Understanding this aspect of disease biology may therefore contribute to the heart failure drug discovery pipeline. In this article, we summarize the basic biology of DNA methylation and discuss its implications in complex diseases such as heart failure.
Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Treatments of Textiles (2008)

The growth of microbes on textiles during use and storage negatively affects the wearer as well as the textile itself. The detrimental effects can be controlled by durable antimicrobial finishing of the textile using broad-spectrum biocides or by incorporating the biocide into synthetic fibers during extrusion. Consumers' attitude towards hygiene and active lifestyle has created a rapidly increasing market for antimicrobial textiles, which in turn has stimulated intensive research and development. This article reviews the requirements for antimicrobial finishing, qualitative and quantitative evaluations of antimicrobial efficacy, the application methods of antimicrobial agents and some of the most recent developments in antimicrobial treatments of textiles using various active agents such as silver, quaternary ammonium salts, polyhexamethylene biguanide, triclosan, chitosan, dyes and regenerable N-halamine compounds and peroxyacids. Examples of commercial antimicrobial products are presented to illustrate the active agents used and their finishing methods.
Phenotypic changes induced by interferon in resting T cells: major enhancement of Ly-6 antigen expression. (1986)

The murine Ly-6 locus controls multiple cell surface antigenic specificities with distinct cellular and tissue distributions. Although the functions of Ly-6 antigens are unknown, several of these antigens represent interesting markers of T cell differentiation and activation. In this work we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in conjunction with flow cytofluorometry (FCF) analysis to investigate the effect of interferon (IFN) on the surface representation of T cell-associated Ly-6 antigens. It was found that in vitro treatment of purified T cells from both C57Bl/6 (Ly-6.2) and BALB/c (Ly-6.1) mice with 10 to 10(4) U IFN-alpha/beta/ml results in a dose-dependent enhancement of Ly-6 antigen expression. This effect was already detectable after 12 to 18 hr and culminated after 48 hr of incubation. Both frequencies and brightness of Ly-6 bearing cells were increased. The most dramatic shifts were observed for the Ly-6A, D, and E antigens, which were augmented by eightfold to 20-fold upon exposure to 10(4) U IFN alpha/beta/ml. Expression of Ly-6C antigens was enhanced by fourfold to sixfold under the same conditions. Immunochemical analyses and use of metabolic inhibitors additionally demonstrated that such IFN-alpha/beta-induced phenotypic alterations of T cells reflect augmented de novo biosynthesis of Ly-6 molecules. Comparison of purified IFN-alpha and IFN-beta revealed that both are equally active in influencing Ly-6. IFN-gamma also enhanced Ly-6 expression but less efficiently than IFN-alpha/beta. Additional experiments were carried out to determine the selectivity of IFN-alpha/beta action on T cell phenotype. These studies demonstrated that IFN-induced Ly-6 enhancement occurs without emergence of interleukin 2 or transferrin receptors. Expression of H-2 and beta 2m antigens, previously known to be sensitive to IFN, was increased but to a much lesser extent than Ly-6. Most other cell surface antigens examined were minimally affected by IFN-alpha/beta with the exception of Ly-11 and Ly-23. Augmentation of these latter markers was lower than for Ly-6 antigens, however. Therefore the Ly-6 locus appears to be preferentially activated by IFN-alpha/beta in resting T cells. Additional exploration of this phenomenon should provide insight into both the biological significance of Ly-6 antigens and the mechanism(s) by which IFN affect T cell functions.
Factors Affecting M13 Bacteriophage Inactivation by Methylene Blue Photosensitization (1997)

We have investigated the factors that affect the virucidal activity of methylene blue (MB) photosensitization. The M13 bacteriophage was more rapidly inactivated at higher temperatures (6 degrees C < 24 degrees C < 38 degrees C). Rate constants for inactivation were 0.072, 0.139 and 0.260 (log10 inactivation)/ (J/cm2) at 6 degrees C, 24 degrees C and 38 degrees C, respectively. On the other hand, dye penetration into virus particles, which was monitored by the fluorescence of YOYO-1, was unchanged with incubation temperature. These data suggest that temperature dependency of M13 inactivation was due to factors other than dye permeability. The pH of the virus suspension also affected the rate of M13 inactivation by MB. The M13 bacteriophage was inactivated faster in basic suspensions and slower in acidic suspensions compared with neutral buffers. These results suggest that temperature and pH are factors that influence the extent of MB photosensitization, and hence, the control of these factors will be necessary for MB phototreatment of plasma products in transfusion medicine.
Targeted Overexpression of Androgen Receptor in Osteoblasts: Unexpected Complex Bone Phenotype in Growing Animals (2004)

The androgen receptor (AR), as a classic steroid receptor, generally mediates biologic responses to androgens. In bone tissue, both AR and the estrogen receptor (ER) are expressed in a variety of cell types. Because androgens can be converted into estrogen via aromatase activity, the specific role of the AR in maintenance of skeletal homoeostasis remains controversial. The goal of this study was to use skeletally targeted overexpression of AR as a means of elucidating the specific role(s) for AR transactivation in bone homeostasis. Rat AR cDNA was cloned downstream of a 3.6-kb alpha1(I)-collagen promoter fragment and used to create AR-transgenic mice. AR-transgenic males gain less weight and body and femur length is shorter than wild-type controls, whereas females are not different. AR-transgenic males also demonstrate thickened calvaria and increased periosteal but reduced endosteal labeling by fluorescent labeling and reduced osteocalcin levels. High-resolution micro-computed tomography shows normal mineral content in both male and female AR-transgenic mice, but male AR-transgenics reveal a reduction in cortical area and moment of inertia. Male AR-transgenics also demonstrate an altered trabecular morphology with bulging at the metaphysis. Histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone parameters confirmed the increased bone volume comprised of more trabeculae that are closer together but not thicker. Biomechanical analysis of the skeletal phenotype demonstrate reduced stiffness, maximum load, post-yield deflection, and work-to-failure in male AR-transgenic mice. Steady-state levels of selected osteoblastic and osteoclastic genes are reduced in tibia from both male and female transgenics, with the exception of increased osteoprotegerin expression in male AR-transgenic mice. These results indicate that AR action is important in the development of a sexually dimorphic skeleton and argue for a direct role for androgen transactivation of AR in osteoblasts in modulating skeletal development and homeostasis.
Tumor-Specific Chromosome Mis-Segregation Controls Cancer Plasticity by Maintaining Tumor Heterogeneity (2013)

Aneuploidy with chromosome instability is a cancer hallmark. We studied chromosome 7 (Chr7) copy number variation (CNV) in gliomas and in primary cultures derived from them. We found tumor heterogeneity with cells having Chr7-CNV commonly occurs in gliomas, with a higher percentage of cells in high-grade gliomas carrying more than 2 copies of Chr7, as compared to low-grade gliomas. Interestingly, all Chr7-aneuploid cell types in the parental culture of established glioma cell lines reappeared in single-cell-derived subcultures. We then characterized the biology of three syngeneic glioma cultures dominated by different Chr7-aneuploid cell types. We found phenotypic divergence for cells following Chr7 mis-segregation, which benefited overall tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mathematical modeling suggested the involvement of chromosome instability and interactions among cell subpopulations in restoring the optimal equilibrium of tumor cell types. Both our experimental data and mathematical modeling demonstrated that the complexity of tumor heterogeneity could be enhanced by the existence of chromosomes with structural abnormality, in addition to their mis-segregations. Overall, our findings show, for the first time, the involvement of chromosome instability in maintaining tumor heterogeneity, which underlies the enhanced growth, persistence and treatment resistance of cancers.