gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aging and neurodegeneration are associated with increased mutations in single human neurons (2017)

It has long been hypothesized that aging and neurodegeneration are associated with somatic mutation in neurons; however, methodological hurdles have prevented testing this hypothesis directly. We used single-cell whole-genome sequencing to perform genome-wide somatic single-nucleotide variant (sSNV) identification on DNA from 161 single neurons from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of 15 normal individuals (aged 4 months to 82 years), as well as 9 individuals affected by early-onset neurodegeneration due to genetic disorders of DNA repair (Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum). sSNVs increased approximately linearly with age in both areas (with a higher rate in hippocampus) and were more abundant in neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of somatic mutations with age-which we term genosenium-shows age-related, region-related, and disease-related molecular signatures and may be important in other human age-associated conditions.
Decidual expression and maternal serum levels of heme oxygenase 1 are increased in pre‐eclampsia (2008)

Increased decidual and serum HMOX1 levels, together with altered decidual expression of some stress-related genes in cases, support the role of oxidative stress and excessive maternal inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of PE.
Pharmacological effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. (1988)

The effects of a series of tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressants on the transport of [3H]-serotonin into synaptosomal fractions from rat brain in vitro and in vivo are summarized. Differences in potency in vitro and in vivo would appear to be due partly to the presence of active metabolites, formed in vivo, that show different selectivities for the serotonin transport site. Evidence suggests that the initial reduction in serotonin turnover after acute administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is followed by a return to control values after the drug has been administered for at least 2 weeks. These changes in amine turnover are associated with normalization of both the serotonergic and beta-adrenergic receptor systems. Evidence suggests that changes in neurotransmitter receptor numbers and function of blood cells (platelets and lymphocytes) in depressed patients are possible state markers of the illness and that antidepressant efficacy may not be directly associated with specificity of amine reuptake inhibition. Studies also show that the bilaterally bulbectomized rat exhibits deficits in platelet and synaptosomal serotonin transport that resemble those shown in depressed patients. This animal model of depression may be useful not only for detecting putative antidepressants but also for studying the mode of action of such drugs during chronic administration.
Low- and Reduced-alcohol Wine: A Review (2000)

This paper reviews the technologies available for the production of dealcoholised, low- and reduced-alcohol wines. While the sensory quality in the early years was in many instances unsatisfactory, significant improvements in production methods have occurred, with technologies based on membranes and spinning cones now the most commonly used. Lower processing temperatures, improved aroma retention and recovery and a better understanding of the role of adjuncts in addressing flavour imbalances have led to a general improvement in overall quality. The continuing consumer resistance towards these wines in many market sectors is also discussed. It is concluded that this may be largely attributable to ongoing limitations in sensory quality and to promotional issues, including limited advertising budgets and a low level of awareness of recent improvements in quality.
Note on the S-matrix propagation algorithm (2003)

A set of full-matrix recursion formulas for the W --> S variant of the S-matrix algorithm is derived, which includes the recent results of some other authors as a subset. In addition, a special type of symmetry that is often found in the structure of coefficient matrices (W matrices) that appear in boundary-matching conditions is identified and fully exploited for the purpose of increasing computation efficiency. Two tables of floating-point operation (flop) counts for both the new W --> S variant and the old W --> t --> S variant of the S-matrix algorithm are given. Comparisons of flop counts show that in performing S-matrix recursions in the absence of the symmetry, it is more efficient to go directly from W matrices to S matrices. In the presence of the symmetry, however, using t matrices is equally and sometimes more advantageous, provided that the symmetry is utilized.
Fabrication method for a winding assembly with a large number of planar layers (1993)

Z-folding of flex circuits is presented as a method of fabricating a transformer winding assembly having a large number of conductive and insulating layers. Flex-circuit patterns. for practical winding configurations are described along with a synthesis procedure. The steps to assemble interleaved planar windings from flex circuits are described. Equations relating winding resistance to geometrical parameters are derived for design purpose.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Self‐Sustained Sequence‐Replication Reaction Systems (1996)

The 3SR (self-sustained sequence-replication) reaction is a very efficient method for isothermal amplification of target DNA or RNA sequences in vitro. This method requires three enzymatic activities: reverse transcriptase, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Escherichia coli ribonuclease H. We have modified the original protocol by using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcriptase instead of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase to allow amplification with T7 RNA polymerase but without E. coli ribonuclease H. Comparison of the incorporation kinetics between the conventional three-enzyme 3SR and our two-enzyme 3SR shows differences in the kinetic behaviour. Furthermore, by the new two-enzyme 3SR, the amplified RNA is obtained in a purer form compared with the experiments with three-enzyme 3SR. The aim of our research is to adapt 3SR as a useful tool for darwinian evolutionary experiments.
The Treatment of Pinworm Infections in Humans (Enterobiasis) with Pyrvinium Chloride and Pyrvinium Pamoate (1959)

SummaryA pinworm study employing pyrvinium chloride and pyrvinium pamoate is described. Differences in toxicity indicate the superiority of the pamoate over the chloride form, though both are equally efficacious in therapeutic value. The pamoate drug was shown to be more pleasant to the taste and caused no gastrointestinal disturbances.Employment of 2 mg/kg body weight divided tid for 7 consecutive days resulted in a 100% cure rate for both forms of the drug.Pyrvinium pamoate given in a single dose of 5 mg/kg effected a cure rate of 96%.All cure-rate data obtained were found to be statistically significant at the 1% level.The value of periodic "wormings" is discussed and its feasibility with the use of pyrvinium pamoate in a single dose regimen is indicated.
Reactivity studies of pincer bis-protic N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of platinum and palladium under basic conditions (2016)

Bis-protic N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of platinum and palladium (4) yield dimeric structures 6 when treated with sodium tert-butoxide in CH2Cl2. The use of a more polar solvent (THF) and a strong base (LiN(iPr)2) gave the lithium chloride adducts monobasic complex 7 or analogous dibasic complex 8.
Attachment of <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> to Glass Surfaces Is Dependent on Swimming Speed (1998)

The attachment of Vibrio alginolyticus to glass surfaces was investigated with special reference to the swimming speed due to the polar flagellum. This bacterium has two types of flagella, i.e., one polar flagellum and numerous lateral flagella. The mutant YM4, which possesses only the polar flagellum, showed much faster attachment than the mutant YM18, which does not possess flagella, indicating that the polar flagellum plays an important role. The attachment of YM4 was dependent on Na+ concentration and was specifically inhibited by amiloride, an inhibitor of polar flagellum rotation. These results are quite similar to those for swimming speed obtained under the same conditions. Observations with other mutants showed that chemotaxis is not critical and that the flagellum does not act as an appendage for attachment. From these results, it is concluded that the attachment of V. alginolyticus to glass surfaces is dependent on swimming speed.
Tianeptine: A Novel Atypical Antidepressant that May Provide New Insights into the Biomolecular Basis of Depression (2006)

Tianeptine, an atypical antidepressant patented and developed by Servier, enhances the synaptic reuptake of serotonin, without affecting norepinephrine and dopamine uptake, while it lacks affinity for neurotransmitter receptors. This mechanism for an antidepressant is apparently paradoxical, since the currently employed antidepressants enhance serotonin by inhibiting its breakdown or by inhibiting monoaminergic reuptake. Although tianeptine has been shown to reduce central 5HT availability and to indirecty modulate central adrenergic and dopaminergic systems and to indirectly inhibit cholinergic hyperactivity, its antidepressant action is believed to be more directly related to central neuronal remodeling and restoration of neuronal plasticity. In reliable animal models of depression tianeptine has been shown to prevent neurodegeneration and decreases in hippocampal volume in response to chronic stress. These effects on neuroplasticity are suspected to involve the normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modulatory effects on excitatory amino acids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Together with a body of related studies, these data provide further support for the hypothesis that depression may involve dysregulation of pathways controlling cellular resilience and that treatment should be directed towards the reversal thereof. Importantly, tianeptine is not anxiogenic and has also been shown to be effective in treatment-resistant depression, which may lead the way to a major breakthrough in the treatment of depression.
Notes and Suggestions (1947)

Journal Article Notes and Suggestions Get access George L. Phillips George L. Phillips Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Volume 4, Issue 3, 1 June 1947, Pages 118–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/4.3.118 Published: 01 June 1947
Quantitative Analysis of Tumor Vascularity in Benign and Malignant Solid Thyroid Nodules (2007)

Our study indicates that in small thyroid nodules, quantitative analysis of tumor vascularity has benefits over visual inspection and can be useful in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
Liquid-crystal bandpass filter based on the optical rotatory dispersion effect (2004)

A bandpass spectral filter and the test measurement results are presented and described. The filter is developed and constructed by use of a ferroelectric liquid-crystal polarization rotator in combination with dispersive quartz optical rotators, and its wavelength selection is mechanically tunable and electrically switchable.
Bisphenolic Compounds That Enhance Cell Cation Transport Are Found in Commercial Phenol Red (1996)

We have isolated two bisphenolic compounds (4 and 5) that have a marked effect on K+ and Na+ concentrations in human cells from commercial preparations of the pH indicator dye phenol red (phenolsulfonphthalein). We used a bioassay to identify active chromatographic fractions from the lipophilic impurities present in phenol red, and we determined the structure of two active components (4 and 5) by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. When added to human fibroblasts in serum-free medium, the bisphenol fluorene derivative 9,9-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyfluorene (5) produced a rapid loss of K+ and a gain of Na+, at low concentrations, with an EC50 between 30 and 60 ng/mL (80-160 nM). The 2- and 4-hydroxy isomers of the fluorene 5 (i.e., compounds 6 and 7), prepared by synthesis, had similar activity, although compound 6 was somewhat less potent. The bisphenol xanthene derivative 9,9-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)xanthene (4) elicited a similar biological response but was less potent than 5-7; it also had a strong effect on cell adhesion, causing release of cells from the plastic substrate at concentrations as low as 2-5 microg/mL (5.5-14 microM). The structures of xanthene (4) and fluorene (5) bisphenols have been confirmed by synthesis from xanthone and hydroxyfluorenone, respectively, by Friedel-Crafts alkylation with phenol. In the latter case, the desired 3-hydroxyfluorene isomer was formed in situ by rearrangement of the 1-hydroxy isomer.
Simultaneous encoding/decoding in multiple WDMA channels for optical FFH-CDMA (2005)

The idea of encoding and decoding multiple wavelength divisions simultaneously in optical fast frequency hopping code-division multiple access (FFH-CDMA) by periodic spectral feature of the sampled fiber Bragg grating was proposed for the first time. This is thought to be an effective method for the future device manufacture in the hybrid system of FFH-CDMA and wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) for signal communication technology. It also shows the simultaneous programmability of FFH-CDMA coding pattern for multiple WDMA channels by controlling temperature. The experiment was carried out to study its feasibility.
Fusion Activity of Transmembrane and Cytoplasmic Domain Chimeras of the Influenza Virus Glycoprotein Hemagglutinin (1998)

The role of the sequence of transmembrane and cytoplasmic/intraviral domains of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA, subtype H7) for HA-mediated membrane fusion was explored. To analyze the influence of the two domains on the fusogenic properties of HA, we designed HA-chimeras in which the cytoplasmic tail and/or transmembrane domain of HA was replaced with the corresponding domains of the fusogenic glycoprotein F of Sendai virus. These chimeras, as well as constructs of HA in which the cytoplasmic tail was replaced by peptides of human neurofibromin type 1 (NF1) or c-Raf-1, NF78 (residues 1441 to 1518), and Raf81 (residues 51 to 131), respectively, were expressed in CV-1 cells by using the vaccinia virus-T7 polymerase transient-expression system. Wild-type and chimeric HA were cleaved properly into two subunits and expressed as trimers. Membrane fusion between CV-1 cells and bound human erythrocytes (RBCs) mediated by parental or chimeric HA proteins was studied by a lipid-mixing assay with the lipid-like fluorophore octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18). No profound differences in either extent or kinetics could be observed. After the pH was lowered, the above proteins also induced a flow of the aqueous fluorophore calcein from preloaded RBCs into the cytoplasm of the protein-expressing CV-1 cells, indicating that membrane fusion involves both leaflets of the lipid bilayers and leads to formation of an aqueous fusion pore. We conclude that neither HA-specific sequences in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains nor their length is crucial for HA-induced membrane fusion activity.
Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans. Protection of LDL by vitamin E but not by beta-carotene. (1993)

Experimental and epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) appears to be important in mediating the atherogenicity of LDL. To test this hypothesis in humans, it will be necessary to perform intervention studies in large populations. We performed two studies to assess the effectiveness of supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin E, used alone and in combination with each other, and with vitamin C, to protect LDL from oxidation. In phase 1, after a placebo period, eight subjects were given beta-carotene (60 mg/day) for 3 months, then beta-carotene plus vitamin E (1,600 mg/day) for another 3 months, and then beta-carotene plus vitamin E plus vitamin C (2 g/day) for 3 months. During phase 2, beta-carotene and vitamin C were discontinued, and subjects took only vitamin E for 5 months. During each period, LDL samples were isolated, and measurements of susceptibility to oxidation were performed. beta-Carotene levels in LDL increased nearly 20-fold, but LDL susceptibility to oxidation did not change. Addition of vitamin E increased LDL vitamin E levels nearly 2.5-fold, and this decreased LDL oxidation 30-40%. During the vitamin C supplementation period, plasma levels of beta-carotene and vitamin E rose, but only beta-carotene increased in LDL. However, the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in this period was not decreased further. During phase 2, when subjects took only vitamin E, LDL susceptibility to oxidation was decreased by 50% as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, conjugated dienes, and lipid peroxide formation as well as by macrophage degradation. Thus, long-term supplementation with large doses of vitamin E alone, but not beta-carotene, conferred increased protection to LDL in in vitro assays of oxidation. These data should be useful in planning therapeutic strategies to test the antioxidant hypothesis in humans.
Bioactive Glass 45S5 Powders: Effect of Synthesis Route and Resultant Surface Chemistry and Crystallinity on Protein Adsorption from Human Plasma (2012)

Despite its medical applications, the mechanisms responsible for the osseointegration of bioactive glass (45S5) have yet to be fully understood. Evidence suggests that the strongest predictor for osseointegration of bioactive glasses, and ceramics, with bone tissue as the formation of an apatitic calcium phosphate layer atop the implanted material, with osteoblasts being the main mediator for new bone formation. Most have tried to understand the formation of this apatitic calcium phosphate layer, and other bioresponses between the host and bioactive glass 45S5 using Simulated Body Fluid; a solution containing ion concentrations similar to that found in human plasma without the presence of proteins. However, it is likely that cell attachment is probably largely mediated via the adsorbed protein layer. Plasma protein adsorption at the tissue bioactive glass interface has been largely overlooked. Herein, we compare crystalline and amorphous bioactive glass 45S5, in both melt-derived as well as sol-gel forms. Thus, allowing for a detailed understanding of both the role of crystallinity and powder morphology on surface ions, and plasma protein adsorption. It was found that sol-gel 45S5 powders, regardless of crystallinity, adsorbed 3-5 times as much protein as the crystalline melt-derived counterpart, as well as a greater variety of plasma proteins. The devitrification of melt-cast 45S5 resulted in only small differences in the amount and variety of the adsorbed proteome. Surface properties, and not material crystallinity, play a role in directing protein adsorption phenomena for bioactive glasses given the differences found between crystalline melt-cast 45S5 and sol-gel derived 45S5.
Infrared structure light projector design for 3D sensing (2018)

In mobile devices, 3D Sensing is one of the latest functions. This can be achieved by Time-of-Flight (ToF) method or structured light method. Infrared structure light projector is composed of a laser light source, a collimated lens and a diffractive optics element (DOE). The light sources can be divided into two common types: the Edge Emitting Laser (EEL) or the Patterned Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Emission Laser Array (patterned-VCSEL array). In this paper, we will compare these two optical structures, EEL with high density dots pattern and patterned-VCSEL array with several impulse dots.
Addendum to the Apparent Power Concept and the IEEE Standard 1459-2000 (2005)

Being involved in the work that led to the IEEE Std. 1459 one of the authors (A. E. Emanuel) feels responsible for the technical and theoretical integrity of the standard. The authors want to make sure that readers do conclude that there is a major flaw in the concept of effective voltage V/sub cB/, that was recommended in IEEE Std. 1459.
An application specific processor for a multi-system navigation receiver (2003)

An application-specific processor for use as the central component for both signal processing and general control tasks of a combined GPS/Loran-C/Omega/MIS navigation receiver is described. It is the first implementation of the transport-triggered Move architecture framework. Vector registers are included to enhance signal processing performance, resulting in a single-cycle multiply-accumulate operation, without compromising scalar performance. The projected clock frequency of this implementation is 125 MHz for a 180000-transistor, 1.6- mu m C MOS sea-of-gates chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass spectrometry: a foundation course (2005)

Mass Spectrometry's Beginnings The Mass Spectrum The Mass Spectrometer Tandem Mass Spectrometry Organic Mass Spectrometry Ion Chemistry Biological Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry in Medical Research Mass Spectrometry in the Environmental and Surface Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Subject Index.
Influence of Salt Composition, Ionic Strength, and pH of Eluent on the Distribution Coefficient of Ribonuclease in Gel Permeation Chromatography (1983)

The influence of the salt composition, ionic strength, and pH of the eluent on the distribution coefficient of ribonuclease, in gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75, was investigated. The eluents contained either NaSCN, Na2SO4, or, in a limited number of experiments, NaClO4 or NaCl. The ionic strength was 0.1, 0.5, or 1, and the pH was varied between 2 and 11. The distribution coefficients were corrected for differences in the degree of gel swelling. All three variables appeared to influence the value of the distribution coefficient. It was established that the distribution coefficient of an uncharged solute, Dextran T 10, does not depend on the pH of the eluent. The proton charge of ribonuclease was determined by electrometric titration in NaSCN and Na2SO4 solutions of ionic strength μ= 0.5. An explanation of the variation in the values of the distribution coefficient (0.37 to 0.56) is proposed.
Effects of Mazindol on the Hyperglycemia Induced by Intracranial Injection of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose or by Oral Glucose Load in Intact and Diabetic Rats. (1998)

We previously found that mazindol reduces food efficiency [=increase in body weight (g) per day/food intake (g) per day] in rats (Nagai et al., J Obesity Weight Regul., 4, 33-49, 1985). In order to elucidate the action of mazindol with respect to food efficiency, the effects of its administration on the elevation of the blood glucose concentration induced by Intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) into intact rats, or by the imposition of an oral glucose load in intact and diabetic rats, were examined. We observed that peripheral, but not central, administration of mazindol inhibited the hyperglycemia elicited by 2DG injection and enhanced glucose tolerance following an oral glucose load in diabetic rats, but not intact animals. These findings suggest that peripheral administration of mazindol reduces the blood glucose concentration when it is elevated. Therefore, it is possible that the reductive effect of mazindol on food efficiency might be induced by the enhancement of glucose uptake into cells of tissues such as skeletal muscle, since our previous work suggested that mazindol increases glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells (Nagai et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 260, 29-37, 1994),