gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical-chemical behavior of dietary and biliary lipids during intestinal digestion and absorption. 1. Phase behavior and aggregation states of model lipid systems patterned after aqueous duodenal contents of healthy adult human beings (1990)

We developed equilibrium phase diagrams corresponding to aqueous lipid compositions of upper small intestinal contents during lipid digestion and absorption in adult human beings. Ternary lipid systems were composed of a physiological mixture of bile salts (BS), mixed intestinal lipids (MIL), principally partially ionized fatty (oleic) acid (FA) plus racemic monooleylglycerol (MG), and cholesterol (Ch), all at fixed aqueous-electrolyte concentrations, pH, temperature, and pressure. The condensed phase diagram for typical physiological conditions (1 g/dL total lipids, FA:MG molar ratio of 5:1, pH 6.5, 0.15 M Na+ at 37 degrees C) was similar to that of a dilute model bile [BS/lecithin (PL)/Ch] system [Carey, M. C., & Small, D. M. (1978) J. Clin. Invest. 61, 998-1026]. We identified two one-phase zones composed of mixed micelles and lamellar liquid crystals, respectively, and two two-phase zones, one composed of Ch monohydrate crystals and Ch-saturated micelles and the other of physiologic relevance composed of Ch- and MIL-saturated mixed micelles and unilamellar vesicles. A single large three-phase zone in the system was composed of Ch-saturated micelles, Ch monohydrate crystals, and liquid crystals. Micellar phase boundaries for otherwise typical physiological conditions were expanded by increases in total lipid concentration (0.25-5 g/dL), pH (5.5-7.5), and FA:MG molar ratio (5-20:1), resulting in a reduction of the size of the physiological two-phase zone. Mean particle hydrodynamic radii (Rh), measured by quasielastic light scattering (QLS), demonstrated an abrupt increase from micellar (less than 40 A) to micelle plus vesicle sizes (400-700 A) as this two-phase zone was entered. With relative lipid compositions within this zone, unilamellar vesicles formed spontaneously following coprecipitation, and their sizes changed markedly as functions of time, reaching equilibrium values only after 4 days. Further, vesicle Rh values were influenced appreciably by MIL:mixed bile salt (MBS) ratio, pH, total lipid concentration, and FA:MG ratio, but not by Ch content. In comparison, micellar systems equilibrated rapidly, and their Rh values only slightly influenced by physical-chemical variables of physiological importance. In contrast to the BS-PL-Ch system [Mazer, N. A., & Carey, M. C. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 426-442], no divergence in micellar sizes occurred as the micellar phase boundary was approached. The ionization state of FA at simulated "intestinal" pH values (5.5-7.5) in the micellar and physiologic two-phase zones was principally that of 1:1 sodium hydrogen dioleate, an insoluble swelling "acid soap" compound. By phase separation and analysis, tie-lines for the constituent phase in the two-phase zone demonstrated that the mixed micelles were saturated with MIL and Ch and the coexisting vesicles were saturated with MBS, but not with Ch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Application of on‐line HPLC‐FAB mass spectrometry to the analysis of enzymatic digests of ribonuclease B (1989)

Abstract A tryptic digest of bovine ribonuclease B was analysed by on‐line HPLC‐FAB mass spectrometry to verify the primary sequence. Peptides obtained by digestion with trypsin before and after treatment with N ‐glycanase were separated on a slurry‐packed fused silica LC column. The entire eluent was introduced into the mass spectrometer source via a continuous flow interface. A single injection of 100 pinoles of material provided data covering over 70% of the sequence.
The Absorption Line Spectrum of QSO 1225+317 (1996)

In this paper, we present observations of absorption line spectrum of QSO 1225+317 with resolution of 18 km sec \\Gamma1 . Four possible new heavy element line systems are identified. The properties of Lyman ff forest lines are discussed. Key Words : QSO, absorption line I. INTRODUCTION Numerous narrow absorption lines in spectra of QSOs are usually classifies as two types, i.e. heavy element line systems and so-called Lyman ff forest lines. The former is believed to be produced in clouds connected with galactic disks or haloes. And the later is generally thought to be produced in intervening primeval clouds (Sargent et al 1980), though there is some evidence that they may be associated with galaxies (Lanzetta et al 1995; Le Brun et al 1996). The study on these lines is very important, helpful to understand the physical conditions at early universe, the formation and evolution of galaxies as well as the large scale structure of the Universe. Previous studies based on intermediate re...
Health state utilities in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in China (2018)

This study provides the Chinese-specific health utility data for advanced NSCLC using the EQ-5D.
Initial testing of the replication competent Seneca Valley virus (NTX‐010) by the pediatric preclinical testing program (2010)

NTX-010 demonstrated a high level of activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis of existing testing and molecular characterization data may help define the biological characteristics of cancer cells that are associated with response to NTX-010.
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Sucrose Accumulation at Low Temperature (1992)

The influence of growth temperature on the free sugar and sucrose phosphate synthase content and activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf tissue was studied. When plants were grown at 25 degrees C for 3 weeks and then transferred to a constant 5 degrees C, sucrose, glucose, and fructose accumulated to high levels during a 14-d period. Predawn sugar levels increased from 14- to 20-fold over the levels present at the outset of the low-temperature treatment. Sucrose was the most abundant free sugar before, during, and after exposure to 5 degrees C. Leaf sucrose phosphate synthase activity was significantly increased by the low-temperature treatment, whereas sucrose synthase and invertases were not. Synthesis of the sucrose phosphate synthase subunit was increased during and after low-temperature exposure and paralleled an increase in the steady-state level of the subunit. The increases in sucrose and its primary biosynthetic enzyme, sucrose phosphate synthase, are discussed in relation to adjustment of metabolism to low nonfreezing temperature and freezing stress tolerance.
Ultramicroscopic Structures of the Leptomeninx of Mice with Communicating Hydrocephalus Induced by Human Recombinant Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (1998)

An experimental model of communicating hydrocephalus was developed based on intrathecal injection of human recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (hrTGF-β1) in the mouse. To clarify the mechan ism of this hydrocephalus model, the ultrastructure of the leptomeninx in the process of ventricular dila tion was examined in C57/BL6 mice injected intrathecally with 60 ng of hrTGF-β1. The leptomeninx was examined at various periods after injection by light and electron microscopy. Immunostaining for fibroblasts and macrophages was also performed. Leptomeninx within a week after injection showed that the thin cytoplasmic processes of leptomeningeal cells formed a laminated structure with a meshwork, which was almost the same as the controls. In the second week, many cells with a round nucleus appeared in the leptomeninx. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for anti-fibro blast antibody and negative for anti-Mac-1 and anti-macrophage BM-8 antibodies. Three weeks later, the laminated structure was disrupted and abundant deposition of collagen fibers was found in the inter cellular space of the leptomeninx.
The role of serum transferrin receptor in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. (1998)

This study demonstrates that sTfR in conjunction with other iron parameters is very useful in iron deficiency evaluation, especially in hospital practice. Iron treatment should be considered in patients with mixed patterns of iron status, in which the diagnosis of IDA versus ACD is difficult, when the levels of sTfR exceed the cut-off point.
Geometric correction and validation of Hyperion and ALI data for EVEOSD (2003)

Precise geometric correction of EO-1's Hyperion data is essential to link ground spectral data and satellite hyperspectral data. Two scenes have been selected from sites of the EVEOSD (Evaluation and Validation of EO-1 for Sustainable Development of Forests) project. One site is the Greater Victoria Watershed District (GVWD) located on south Vancouver Island, BC and the other is Hoquiam located in southwestern Washington State. Ground Control Point (GCP) collection has been performed using a feature fitting method in which high accuracy, orthorectified photo-derived polygons of features are used for tie-down. For example lakes are adjusted to match the same feature obvious in the hyperspectral imagery. This technique allows for easier estimation of a GCP's precise fit to the imagery. A third (11) of the GCPs were identified as check points to validate the geometric models. GCPs were collected independently from both the VNIR and SWIR arrays of the Hyperion sensor to determine the adjustment factor required to remove the displacement and skew between these arrays. The adjustment can then be applied to GCPs collected from one array to make a compatible geometric correction model for both arrays. The polynomial and rational function correction methods have been applied to both scenes with various orders applied to each function. The effect of terrain distortion removal is evaluated in using the rational function method. Hyperion data can be geocorrected with surprising accuracy. For example, we obtained 10 m RMS on check points with the rational function. With a second order polynomial we achieved 13 m RMS without terrain correction. The accuracy of this latter result is due to the small swath width of the sensor. Applying terrain correction does improve the accuracy of geometric correction in areas with high relief. A similar procedure was applied to EO-1's ALI sensor and this paper compares the results for Hyperion and ALI geometric fidelity.
Complement-Derived Anaphylatoxin C3a Regulates In Vitro Differentiation and Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells (2009)

Anaphylatoxin C3a is a third complement component (C3)-derived peptide, the multiple functions of which range from stimulation of inflammation to neuroprotection. In a previous study, we have shown that signaling through C3a receptor positively regulates in vivo neurogenesis in adult mouse brain. Here, we studied the direct effects of C3a on adult mouse whole brain-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro. Our results demonstrate that NPCs bind C3a in a specific and reversible manner and that C3a stimulates neuronal differentiation of NPCs. Furthermore, C3a stimulated the migration of NPCs induced by low concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha, whereas it inhibited NPC migration at high concentration of SDF-1alpha. In the same manner, C3a modulated SDF-1alpha-induced extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in these cells. In addition, C3a had inhibitory effect on SDF-1alpha-induced neuronal differentiation of NPCs. These data show that C3a modulates SDF-1alpha-induced differentiation and migration of these cells, conceivably through the regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results provide the first evidence that C3a regulates neurogenesis by directly affecting the fate and properties of NPCs.
Modeling and vibration analysis of a rocking–mass gyroscope system (2008)

Rocking-mass gyroscope consists of an assembly of four cantilever beams with a rigid mass attached to them in the middle subjected to base rotations. Due to the gyroscope effect, the beams undergo coupled flexural-torsional vibrations. The main goal of the research is to develop an accurate model of such a system and along this line a detailed mathematical modeling of the gyroscope is developed. The equations of motion clearly show the presence of the gyroscopic couplings in all cantilever beams. A computer simulation model in its most general form has been developed, to analyze the effectiveness of this type of gyroscope.
An Algorithmic Procedure for Designing Hybrid FIR/IIR Digital Filters (1976)

An algorithmic procedure for designing hybrid FIR/IIR digital filters is proposed and evaluated in this paper. The design is implemented as a two-stage optimization in which a Hooke and Jeeves optimization procedure is used to optimize the IIR component of the filter and the McClellan et al. optimization procedure is used to optimize the FIR component of the filter. To evaluate this method, a set of eight low-pass filters were designed in which a single complex conjugate pole pair was used as the IIR component. The resulting designs were compared and contrasted with standard IIR low-pass filters and the optimal FIR, linear-phase, low-pass filter in terms of multiplications, storage, and group delay properties.
Origins of blood acetate in the rat (1977)

A novel enzymimc cycling assay for the determination of acetate in biological material is described. Measurements of the acetate concentration in blood and liver samples from rats of various ages and nutritional states with this assay are reported. The contribution of the intestine, the liver and the rest of the body to maintaining the concentration of acetate in the circulation is examined. Evidence is presented that the gut flora constitute the main source of acetate in blood of fed adult rats, though endogenous production of acetate is of significance in other situations. The streptozotocin-diabetic rat has an elevated blood acetate concentration.
Detection of explosive materials using nuclear radiation: a critical review (1992)

A number of nuclear techniques have been utilized or considered for detecting concealed explosives. Theses technique range form those utilizing multi-energetic x-rays to those relying on high energy photons or neutrons. The physical principles behind these methods are reviewed. Each technique is critically examined, in view of its ability to distinguish explosive materials form other common materials of similar composition. The suitability of each method for use in airport security is also assessed.
Parallel garbage collection without synchronization overhead (1985)

Incremental and parallel garbage collection schemes implemented via time-slicing on a serial processor incur substantial overhead which is directly translated as reduced execution efficiency for the user and which might even be aggravated due to context switching. It is useful, therefore, to examine the possibility of implementing a parallel garbage collection algorithm using a separate processor operating asynchronously with the main list processor. The overhead in such a scheme arises from the synchronization necessary to manage the two processors, maintaining memory consistency.
Allocating Emergency Service Vehicles to Serve Critical Transportation Infrastructures (2008)

To maximize the service coverage to Critical Transportation Infrastructures (CTIs), this research formulates an integer programming model that optimizes the simultaneous allocation of multiple types of emergency service vehicles among a set of candidate stations. Sufficient coverage of a CTI is achieved only when all types of emergency service vehicles are each individually capable of reaching the CTI within the specified distance standard and reliability level. A variant of the model that gives more emphasis to the highly critical transportation infrastructures relative to the less critical transportation infrastructure is also proposed. Data obtained from Singapore is used to illustrate the applications of the models to a relatively large city. The scenarios of allocating various fleet sizes of fire engines, fire trucks, and ambulances to 15 fire stations to cover 151 CTIs are demonstrated.
Constant-Round Private Function Evaluation with Linear Complexity. (2010)

We consider the problem of private function evaluation (PFE) in the two-party setting. Here, informally, one party holds an input x while the other holds a circuit describing a function f; the goal is for one (or both) of the parties to learn f(x) while revealing nothing more to either party. In contrast to the usual setting of secure computation — where the function being computed is known to both parties — PFE is useful in settings where the function (i.e., algorithm) itself must remain secret, e.g., because it is proprietary or classified. It is known that PFE can be reduced to standard secure computation by having the parties evaluate a universal circuit, and this is the approach taken in most prior work. Using a universal circuit, however, introduces additional overhead and results in a more complex implementation. We show here a completely new technique for PFE that avoids universal circuits, and results in constant-round protocols with communication/computational complexity linear in the size of the circuit computing f. This gives the first constant-round protocol for PFE with linear complexity (without using fully homomorphic encryption), even restricted to semi-honest adversaries. 1
Measuring The Theoretical Paradigm Shift From Marketing Mix To Relational Marketing (2011)

Much has been written in the recent marketing literature on the perceived importance of moving from a transaction basis to a long-term relationship basis in terms of personal selling. Since the traditional marketing mix paradigm has dominated marketing philosophy for so long, many perceive there is a marketing shift, especially in service marketing, to the relational marketing paradigm. A sales force from five industries, representing primarily service industries (n=142), were tested on a number of statistical techniques including correlations, stepwise regression, and n-way ANOVA, and yielded no significant trend to support the theoretical paradigm shift.
Validar: a testbed for advanced 2-micron Doppler lidar (2004)

High-energy 2-micron lasers have been incorporated in a breadboard coherent Doppler lidar to test component technologies and explore applications for remote sensing of the atmosphere. Design of the lidar is presented including aspects in the laser transmitter, receiver, photodetector, and signal processing. Sample data is presented on wind profiling and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration measurements.
Monte Carlo simulation study of multi-window imaging (2002)

A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and validity of simultaneous dual-radionuclide imaging of tracers (Tc-99m, Tl-201 and Xe-133) using multi-window acquisition. Dual radionuclide imaging would allow simultaneous emission and transmission imaging, viewing of paired tracers during the same clinical and physiologic state, and eliminate problems in image registration incurred in comparing images from sequential imaging studies. Energy spectra, planar and SPECT images were obtained for a point source placed at various depths in a water filled cylinder and a brain phantom with and without lesions. The system energy resolution was set at 1% intervals between 6 and 14%. Simulations of image acquisition at 16 energy windows (EW) were recorded for each radionuclide. The study shows that large changes in lesion contrast and detectability due to cross-talk can be corrected using a third EW in dual radionuclide imaging of Tc-Xe and Tc-Tl.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement of Creep Strength of 9CrODS Martensitic Steel by Controlling Excess Oxygen and Titanium Concentrations (2005)

The effects of chemical compositions (titanium, oxygen) and consolidation temperature on high-temperature mechanical properties of 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel (9CrODS steel) were investigated. A possible high-temperature strengthening mechanism of 9CrODS steel was discussed based on the experimental results. Creep strength of 9CrODS steel at 973 K was remarkably improved when titanium concentration was 0.35 mass%. A higher amount of added titanium than 0.2 mass% was effective for providing consistently reliable manufacturing of high strength 9CrODS steel because it reduced the effect of oxygen contamination on high-temperature strength. The fraction of elongated δ-ferrite grains, which had an ultra-fine oxide particle dispersion, tended to increase with increasing titanium. The elongated grains were considered to improve creep strength of 9CrODS steel. It was also found that creep strength was degraded by elevating the consolidation temperature from 1423 K to 1473 K.
Method of Establishing Vibration Limits and Determining Accumulative Vibration Damage in Drilling Tools (2010)

Abstract MWD tool life is affected by its operating environment. High vibration, shock and temperature reduce the life of the tool. This paper presents a method for combining vibration, shock and temperature effects to calculate MWD tool life.
Group recommendation using feature space representing behavioral tendency and power balance among members (2011)

This paper proposes an algorithm to estimate appropriate or novel content for groups of people who know each other such as friends, couples, and families. To achieve high recommendation accuracy, we focus on "Groupality", the entity or entities that characterize groups such as the tendency of content selection and the relationships among group members. Our algorithm calculates recommendation scores using a feature space that consists of the behavioral tendency of a group and the power balance among group members based on individual preference and the behavioral history of group. After gathering the behavioral history of subject groups when watching TV, we verify that our proposed algorithm can recommend appropriate content, and find novel content. Evaluations show that our proposal achieves higher performance than existing methods.
Development of macitentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2015)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious, chronic condition that, without early recognition and treatment, leads to progressive right heart failure and death. The dual endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan was designed through a deliberate discovery process to maximize endothelin-axis blockade while improving adverse-effect profiles compared with previous compounds. Macitentan's efficacy was demonstrated in an event-driven morbidity and mortality study of treatment-naive and background PAH therapy-treated symptomatic patients. Compared to placebo, 10 mg of macitentan significantly reduced the relative risk of morbidity and mortality by 45%, primarily by delaying PAH worsening, most prominently in World Health Organization (WHO) functional class II and III PAH patients. Macitentan reduced the incidence of the composite end point of PAH-related hospitalizations and mortality and improved WHO FC and exercise capacity (6-min walk distance). Furthermore, it significantly improved cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and quality of life, and had a favorable safety and tolerability profile. To date, this was the largest and longest prospective trial for PAH. Macitentan, currently the only approved oral PAH treatment shown to be safe and effective in delaying long-term progression and reducing PAH-related hospitalizations, has changed treatment paradigms from goal-directed to long-term outcome-oriented therapy.