gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crafting a usable microkernel, processor, and I/O system with strict and provable information flow security (2011)

High assurance systems used in avionics, medical implants, and cryptographic devices often rely on a small trusted base of hardware and software to manage the rest of the system. Crafting the core of such a system in a way that achieves flexibility, security, and performance requires a careful balancing act. Simple static primitives with hard partitions of space and time are easier to analyze formally, but strict approaches to the problem at the hardware level have been extremely restrictive, failing to allow even the simplest of dynamic behaviors to be expressed. Our approach to this problem is to construct a minimal but configurable architectural skeleton . This skeleton couples a critical slice of the low level hardware implementation with a microkernel in a way that allows information flow properties of the entire construction to be statically verified all the way down to its gate-level implementation. This strict structure is then made usable by a runtime system that delivers more traditional services (e.g. communication interfaces and long-living contexts) in a way that is decoupled from the information flow properties of the skeleton. To test the viability of this approach we design, test, and statically verify the information-flow security of a hardware/software system complete with support for unbounded operation, inter-process communication, pipelined operation, and I/O with traditional devices. The resulting system is provably sound even when adversaries are allowed to execute arbitrary code on the machine, yet is flexible enough to allow caching, pipelining, and other common case optimizations.
Attractin' more attention – new pieces in the obesity puzzle? (2003)

Genetic, biochemical and pharmacological studies in humans and rodents have established that signalling through the G-protein-coupled melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) by pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived ligands plays a critical role in the central suppression of appetite. As a consequence, malfunction of this signalling system leads to the development of obesity. It has been shown previously that melanocortin signalling can be modulated by the type 1 transmembrane protein attractin, apparently acting as a co-receptor for the inhibitory ligand agouti. Work reported in this issue of Biochemical Journal (Haqq et al.) demonstrates that the cytosolic tail of an attractin-like protein (ALP) binds directly and specifically to the C-terminal region of MC4R, raising the possibility that proteins of the attractin family influence melanocortin receptor function through multiple mechanisms.
<i>Propagation of Sound in Porous Media: Modeling Sound Absorbing</i> <i>Materials</i> (1994)

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Avoiding conflict misses dynamically in large direct-mapped caches (1994)

This paper describes a method for improving the performance of a large direct-mapped cache by reducing the number of conflict misses. Our solution consists of two components: an inexpensive hardware device called a Cache Miss Lookaside (CML) buffer that detects conflicts by recording and summarizing a history of cache misses, and a software policy within the operating system's virtual memory system that removes conflicts by dynamically remapping pages whenever large numbers of conflict misses are detected. Using trace-driven simulation of applications and the operating system, we show that a CML buffer enables a large direct-mapped cache to perform nearly as well as a two-way set associative cache of equivalent size and speed, although with lower hardware cost and complexity.
Evaluation of vaccination with a commercial subunit vaccine on shedding of Salmonella enterica in subclinically infected dairy cows (2008)

The study revealed no evidence that extralabel vaccination with a commercial subunit S enterica vaccine reduced shedding of S enterica in subclinically infected dairy cows in these herds.
XXIV. FREE AND TOTAL RIBOFLAVIN CONTENTS OF COLOSTRUM AND MATURE HUMAN MILK (1945)

Early investigators found that cow's milk contains a considerably larger amount of riboflavin, or the pellagra-preventative factor as it was then called, than does human milk, but it was not until 1934 that quantitative measurements were made. At that time Macy and associates,<sup>1</sup>using a pooled sample of mature mother's milk, estimated that the milk contained 0.2 Bourquin-Sherman unit per cubic centimeter or 40 to 60 micrograms per hundred cubic centimeters. Eddy and Morris,<sup>2</sup>also using a pooled sample, found 0.333 Bourquin-Sherman unit per cubic centimeter or 67 to 100 micrograms per hundred cubic centimeters. Both of these determinations were made with the rat growth method. For conversion it was assumed that 1 Bourquin-Sherman unit equals 2 to 3 micrograms of riboflavin. Williams, Cheldelin and Mitchell,<sup>3</sup>employing the microbiologic procedure on a small number of samples of milk collected three to thirteen days post partum, found an
Analysis of torque in nested magnetic cylinders (1999)

Rotatable nested cylindrical magnets may be used to generate variable magnetic fields. A mutual torque exists between the cylinders which is an important consideration in practical designs. We present a thorough investigation of this torque, combining experiment, computation, and theory. In the finite length case, in which the magnetization varies according to the prescription of Halbach, the torque is an end effect. It is proportional to sin α, where α is the angle defining the relative orientation of the cylinders. Practical designs use a discrete number N of permanent magnet segments to approximate the continuously varying magnetization of the ideal design. These introduce higher components sin(nα) to the angular dependence of torque, where the allowed values of n are restricted to n=(kN±1) according to the segmented magnet torque theorem.
A symmetric and thermally de-embedded nonlinear FET model for wireless and microwave applications (2004)

This paper describes the development of a new large-signal nonlinear FET model. The raison d'etre for this model is the design of modern wireless RFICs which places new demands on the predictions of linearity and efficiency of the circuit. The model is a hybrid, comprising an advanced development of the Chalmers University (a.k.a. 'Angelov') (Angelov et al., 1992) drain current model to include dynamic electro-thermal behavior, and a table-based HPFET (Root et al., 1991) 2-dimensional gate current and charge model. Both components are enhanced to include symmetry, even though the model is extracted from measurements made only on the half-space V/sub ds/ /spl ges/ 0. The model has been validated in class B amplifier, power amplifier and mixer RFIC applications.
Domain inversion in LiTaO3 by electron beam (1992)

Domain inversion in Z-cut LiTaO3 by injecting electrons into negative C face was observed but no domain inversion was observed on injecting electrons on positive C face. At low electron-beam currents, small multidomains are observed. At a scan rate of 2 μm/s and beam current of 100 pA, a domain width of about 6 μm was obtained. We present results of domain width and domain size variation with electron-beam scan rate.
Towards rapid qualification of powder-bed laser additively manufactured parts (2016)

Qualification of aerospace components is a long and costly process involving material properties, material specifications, manufacturing process, and design among others. Reducing qualification time and cost while maintaining safety offers a large economic advantage and enables faster response to the market demands. In 2012, DARPA established the Open Manufacturing program, a project to develop an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework aimed at rapid qualification. Rapid qualification requires the integration of several technologies: materials, process, design, models, monitoring and control, non-destructive evaluation (NDE), testing, among others. A probabilistic design approach is adopted in the rapid qualification process to enable the integration of these technologies into a single risk-based function to optimize the design process. This approach directs the efforts to those areas that play the most important roles, potentially reducing specimen testing that will be required to develop material databases and design limits. New tests also will be required to validate and verify the ICME framework and develop a better understanding of the processing-microstructure-property relation and associated variability of the processing conditions. The probabilistic design approach is demonstrated for the rapid qualification of an actual aircraft engine component constructed via the powder-bed additive manufacturing process. This paper summarizes the probabilistic rapid qualification design approach and its application to this novel manufacturing process with the goal of reducing the overall qualification process time by 40 % and qualification process cost by 20 %.
<title>Electrical time domain reflectometry sensing cables as distributed stress/strain sensors in smart material systems</title> (1997)

Electrical time domain reflectometry (ETDR) stress/strain sensing technique has been successfully demonstrated in geotechnical applications to detect rock deformation and longwall movement. The ETDR sensing method appears to be practical for health monitoring applications of civil engineering structures since durable sensor media can be used. To use the ETDR sensing technique for structural stress/strain measurements, the coupling mechanism between applied loads and TDR signal response of the sensors need to be understood and modeled accurately. In this paper a theoretical model capable of describing the relation between applied loads and TDR signal response of a coaxial cable was developed. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing theoretical results with those of finite element analyses. Parametric study to investigate the effects of the physical and structural parameters of the cable was also performed using the theoretical model.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel chrysin derivatives (2011)

Chrysin was synthesized in five steps starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone via methylation,acylation,Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement,cyclization and deprotection.With chrysin as the lead compound,novel chrysin derivatives 8a-8u were designed and synthesized.The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR,13C NMR,IR and MS.Twenty-one new chrysin derivatives were prepared and their antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT method on HCT-116(human colon cancer cell line),HeLa(human cervical carcinoma cell line),DU-145(human prostate cell line),SGC-7901(human gastric cancer cell line),and HEK-293(human embryonic kidney cell line).Among these derivatives,5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-7-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one(8o)had the most potent antitumor activity against HCT-116,HeLa,DU-145,and SGC-7901 cells.
A New Family of Superconducting Copper Oxides: (Ln<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ce<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Ba<sub>1-<i>y</i></sub>Ln<sub><i>y</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub>(Ln: Nd, Sm, EU) (1989)

A new family of high- T C superconductors (Ln 1- x Ce x ) 2 (Ba 1- y Ln y ) 2 Cu 3 O 10-δ (Ln: Nd, Sm, EU) has been found by resistivity and magnetization measurements. The highest onset transition temperature is about 43 K. The structure is proposed on the basis of electron diffractions and Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data.
Nonlinear temporal filter for television picture noise reduction (1980)

A conventional recursive interframe lowpass filter for 625 line 5.5 MHz monochrome television is modified so that its attenuation of frame differences is instantaneously dependent on their amplitude. This results in improved rendition of motion when compared with the original design. Performance is assessed by objective measurement of noise attenuation for a range of input noise levels and nonlinear characteristics, and by subjective opinion tests on pictures containing noise and movement.
Association between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women (2004)

Significant association was observed between dIBS and the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype, suggesting that the serotonin transporter is a potential candidate gene for dIBS in women.
Direct Stimulation of Ghrelin Secretion by Sympathetic Nerves (2006)

The hormone ghrelin is secreted mainly from the gut, rises in peripheral plasma before meals, and is implicated in stimulating hunger, initiating meals, and developing obesity. We hypothesize that activation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to preprandial ghrelin surges. The present studies in isoflurane-anesthetized Wistar rats were designed to determine whether sympathetic nerves and neurohormones are capable of stimulating ghrelin secretion. We activated gut sympathetic nerves by two methods: electrical sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) and chemical sympathetic nerve activation with iv tyramine (TYR) administration. Portal venous blood was sampled before and during a 10-min sympathetic stimulation. Successful activation of gut sympathetic nerves was verified by increments in portal venous norepinephrine. SNS increased portal ghrelin by 206 +/- 50%. In contrast, simply isolating gut sympathetic nerves without applying current had a minimal effect on ghrelin levels. TYR also increased portal ghrelin [change (Delta), +52 +/- 11%], whereas saline infusion had little effect. We next determined whether the neural stimulation of ghrelin secretion was mediated indirectly via the suppression of insulin secretion during SNS and TYR. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes prevented a fall in insulin during TYR, yet the portal ghrelin response (Delta = +47 +/- 18%) was similar to that in nondiabetic rats. Lastly, to test for humoral stimulation of ghrelin, we infused the sympathetic neurohormone, epinephrine, to achieve levels found during severe stress. Epinephrine failed to stimulate ghrelin secretion (Delta = +4 +/- 35%). We conclude that the neural, but not the neurohumoral, branch of the sympathetic nervous system can directly stimulate ghrelin secretion.
Amino acid sequence of heat-labile enterotoxin from chicken enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is identical to that of human strain H 10407 (1993)

The DNA sequence of heat-labile enterotoxin from the chicken enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 21d strain was determined by direct dideoxy sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA and was compared with those of heat-labile enterotoxins from porcine and human enterotoxigenic E. coli strains EWD 299 and H 10407. The structural genes of the A and B subunits of chicken heat-labile enterotoxin were identical to those of human heat-labile enterotoxin from the human H 10407 strain. Moreover, 67 base pairs of the upstream and 60 base pairs of the downstream region of the chicken heat-labile enterotoxin gene were also identical to those of the human heat-labile enterotoxin from strain H 10407. However, the patterns of plasmids from the 21d and H 10407 strains were different. The 21d strain had no band corresponding to the 42-MDa plasmid of the H10407 strain encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin gene but it had a smaller plasmid. These data suggest that although the DNA sequence of chicken heat-labile enterotoxin is identical to that of human heat-labile enterotoxin, the plasmid encoding the chicken heat-labile enterotoxin gene in the chicken might be different from that encoding the human heat-labile enterotoxin gene in the H10407 strain.
Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: A Protective Fat Depot? (2009)

Although adiposity increases the absolute risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, abdominal subcutaneous fat is not associated with a linear increase in the prevalence of all risk factors among the obese, most notably, high triglycerides.
Controllable Luminescent Properties of Phosphors Sr<sub>2.97-X</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>: Eu<sub>0.01</sub><sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sub>0.02</sub><sup>3+</sup> by Adjusting Sr/Ca Ratio (2010)

Divalent europium and trivalent dysprosium co-doping in the compounds Sr2.97-xCaxMgSi2O8 (x=0, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 2.97) produces phosphors of high luminescence yield. These phosphors were prepared at high temperature and weak reductive atmosphere. The ratio of Eu/Dy is 1/2. The phosphors were characterized for their crystal phases by x-ray powder diffraction. Slight shifts of the peaks in the structure, which indicate a small change of the interplanar crystal spacing, were observed for each different x’s. The interplanar spacing becomes narrow as increasing the value of x. These phosphors respond well to the ultraviolet excitation. The peak of the emission band occurs at progressively longer wavelength and widens as the ratio of alkaline earth Sr/Ca ions is decreased. The emission peaks of the phosphors indicated on the emission spectra range from 463nm to 490nm. It is probably due to the influence of 5d electron states of Eu2+ in the crystal field because of atomic size variation causing crystal defects. Dy3+ ion doping in the phosphor generates deep traps, which results in long afterglow phosphorescence. As the proportion of Ca in the composition increases, the attenuation time of the phosphors becomes short.
Relationship Between Tear Volume and Tear Meniscus Curvature (2004)

This study confirmed that the volume of instilled eyedrops is linearly related to the resulting radius of the tear meniscus, suggesting that this radius is a useful measure in monitoring the tear volume. This is likely to have implications both for dry eye diagnosis and for confirming the efficacy of punctal occlusion in this condition.
A high-order temporal neural network for word recognition (2002)

An important yet challenging task for neural network based speech recognizers is the effective processing of temporal information in speech signals. A high-order fully recurrent neural network is developed to effectively handle the sequential nature of speech signals and to accommodate both temporal and spectral variations. The proposed neural network has 4 layers, namely, the input layer, self organizing map, fully recurrent hidden layer and output layer. The important characteristics of the hidden neurons and the output neurons are their high-order processing feature. A 2-stage unsupervised/supervised training method is developed. The solution from unsupervised training provides a good starting point for supervised training. The proposed neural network and the training method are applied to isolated word recognition using the TI20 data.
Monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein B differentiate human herpesvirus 6 into two clusters, variants A and B (1993)

The distribution of glycoprotein B (gB) among different human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strains was analysed with a panel of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from mice immunized with U1102-infected lymphocytes. MAb 2D9 reacted specifically by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation with the U1102 and GS isolates, and failed to react with Z29 and the variant B strains Hashimoto and SF. In addition, Z29, Hashimoto and SF gB had a lower M(r) than U1102 and GS gB. MAb 2D9 also failed to react with the exanthem subitum isolate CV, included in this study as an as yet poorly characterized isolate. Consistent with this result, CV failed to react with the variant A-specific MAb to gp82-105 and behaved as a variant B virus even with respect to the diagnostic HindIII endonuclease restriction cleavage site located in a fragment hybridizing to the pZVH14 probe. By contrast with MAb 2D9, MAbs 2B9 and 2D10 reacted with all of the isolates tested, strengthening the argument tha they have common epitopes. Based on the antigenic and M(r) specificities of gB, the HHV-6 isolates tested were arranged into two non-overlapping clusters, which closely parallel the variant A and B strain groups, defined previously by several criteria, including restriction endonuclease polymorphism, antigenic variations, growth in in vitro cultures and sequence analyses.
The origin of a developmentally regulated<i>Igh</i>replicon is located near the border of regulatory domains for<i>Igh</i>replication and expression (2002)

The 3' Ig heavy chain locus (Igh) regulatory region is the most downstream known element of the murine Igh gene cluster. We report here that the nearest non-Igh genes-Crip, Crp2, and Mta1-are located approximately 70 kb further downstream and are beyond the end of the domain of Igh transcriptional regulation. We have localized an origin of replication in MEL cells to a 3-kb segment located between the 3' Igh regulatory region and Crip. Sequences downstream of this origin are replicated by forks that move in both directions. Sequences upstream of this origin (Igh-C, -D, and -J) are replicated in a single direction through a 500-kb segment in which no active bidirectional origins can be detected. We propose that this origin may lie at or near the end of the Igh regulation domain.
Textile Sizing (2004)

Helping you keep pace with rapid developments in the field, Textile Sizing documents the rapidly changing scenario in textile processing and research in sizing. The authors analyze new fibers, spinning methods, and weaving techniques affecting textile production and studies the impact of fiber properties, yarn quality, sizing processes and material
Adversarial Multilingual Training for Low-Resource Speech Recognition (2018)

This paper proposes an adversarial multilingual training to train bottleneck (BN) networks for the target language. A parallel shared-exclusive model is also proposed to train the BN network. Adversarial training is used to ensure that the shared layers can learn language-invariant features. Experiments are conducted on IARPA Babel datasets. The results show that the proposed adversarial multilingual BN model outperforms the baseline BN model by up to 8.9% relative word error rate (WER) reduction. The results also show that the proposed parallel shared-exclusive model achieves up to 1.7% relative WER reduction when compared with the stacked share-exclusive model.
Measurement and manipulation of cytoskeletal dynamics in living cells (1995)

A new ear in cell biology is at hand with the development of tools for imaging molecular functions in living cells and tissues. Specific chemical and molecular events can now be measured and manipulated in cells in order to explore the mechanisms of cell functions. In particular, cytoskeletal processes are being dissected temporally and spatially in single cells from lower eukaryotes, plants, and animals using light-based reagents and electronic light microscopy.
Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Particulate Emissions During Enrichment for Diesel Lean NOx Trap Regeneration (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Laser-induced incandescence is used to measure time-resolved diesel particulate emissions for two lean NOx trap regeneration strategies that utilize intake throttling and in-cylinder fuel enrichment. The results show that when the main injection event is increased in duration and delayed 13 crank-angle degrees, particulate emissions are very high. For a repetitive pattern of 3 seconds of rich regeneration followed by 27 seconds of NOx-trap loading, we find a monotonic increase in particulate emissions during the loading intervals that approaches twice the initial baseline particulate level after 1000 seconds. In contrast, particulate emissions during the regeneration intervals are constant throughout the test sequence.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For regeneration using an additional late injection event (post-injection), particulate emissions are about twice the baseline level for the first regeneration interval, but then decay with an exponential-like behavior over the repetitive test sequence, eventually reaching a level that is comparable to the baseline. In contrast, particulate emissions between regenerations decrease slowly throughout the test sequence, reaching a level 12 percent below the starting baseline value.</div>