gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of rhesus monkey LILRs* (2006)

Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs) are a family of receptors that have inhibitory and activating functions and widely expressed by lymphoid and myeloid cells. Here we report the identification of the rhesus monkey LILRs by screening of rhesus spleen and decidua cDNA libraries and RT-PCR cloning. We obtained eight different full-length clones with structural and functional diversity similar to human LILRs, including LILRs with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, LILRs with truncated cytoplasmic tails containing positively charged arginine residues in the transmembrane domain, and putative soluble receptors lacking transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains. Characterization of rhesus LILRs will facilitate use of this non-human primate model for the study of the functional role(s) of LILRs, including immune regulation through interaction with non-classical MHC class I molecules.
Topology of the network integrating salicylate and jasmonate signal transduction derived from global expression phenotyping (2003)

The signal transduction network controlling plant responses to pathogens includes pathways requiring the signal molecules salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). The network topology was explored using global expression phenotyping of wild-type and signaling-defective mutant plants, including eds3, eds4, eds5, eds8, pad1, pad2, pad4, NahG, npr1, sid2, ein2, and coi1. Hierarchical clustering was used to define groups of mutations with similar effects on gene expression and groups of similarly regulated genes. Mutations affecting SA signaling formed two groups: one comprised of eds4, eds5, sid2, and npr1-3 affecting only SA signaling; and the other comprised of pad2, eds3, npr1-1, pad4, and NahG affecting SA signaling as well as another unknown process. Major differences between the expression patterns in NahG and the SA biosynthetic mutant sid2 suggest that NahG has pleiotropic effects beyond elimination of SA. A third group of mutants comprised of eds8, pad1, ein2, and coi1 affected ethylene and jasmonate signaling. Expression patterns of some genes revealed mutual inhibition between SA- and JA-dependent signaling, while other genes required JA and ET signaling as well as the unknown signaling process for full expression. Global expression phenotype similarities among mutants suggested, and experiments confirmed, that EDS3 affects SA signaling while EDS8 and PAD1 affect JA signaling. This work allowed modeling of network topology, definition of co-regulated genes, and placement of previously uncharacterized regulatory genes in the network.
Electrophilic substitution in the azafluorenone systems — bromination of azafluorenones (1980)

Elektrophile Substitution in Azafluorenonsystemen ‐ Bromierung von Azafluorenonen Die Bromierung von 1‐ und 4‐Aza‐ und 1,5‐, 1,8‐ und 4,5‐Diazafluorenonen 1–5 mit N‐Bromsuccinimid, Brom in Schwefelsäure oder mit Brom 60proz. Oleum wurde als Modellreaktion für die elektrophile Substitution in Azafluorenon‐Systemen untersucht. Die Bromierung von Monoazafluorenonen mit N‐Bromsuccinimid in Schwefelsäure und Diazafluorenonen mit Brom in 60proz. Oleum ist eine günstige Methode zur Darstellung von bisher unbekannten Bromazafluorenonen. Die Strukturen der erhaltenen Bromderivate wurden mit Hilfe der 1 H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Substitution wurden in Abhängigkeit von der elektronischen Struktur der Azafluorenon‐Systeme diskutiert.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Ages 9–16 Years in Brazil (2013)

Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue disease vaccine (CYD-TDV) was evaluated in children/adolescents in Brazil. In this observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II single-center study, children/adolescents (ages 9-16 years) were randomized to receive CYD-TDV or placebo at 0, 6, and 12 months. Immunogenicity was assessed using a 50% plaque neutralization test. Overall, 150 participants were enrolled (CYD-TDV: N = 100; placebo: N = 50). Injection site pain and headache were the most common solicited injection site and systemic reactions. Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were similar between groups. No serious AEs were vaccine-related. Geometric mean titers against all dengue virus serotypes increased with CYD-TDV vaccination and were 267, 544, 741, and 432 1/dil for serotypes 1-4, respectively, after dose 3, representing a mean fold increase from baseline of 5, 6, 6, and 20, respectively. CYD-TDV vaccination elicited a neutralizing antibody response against serotypes 1-4 and was well-tolerated in children/adolescents in a dengue-endemic region.
Lysosomal Enzymes in Inflammatory Synovial Effusions (1979)

The concentrations of several polymorphonuclear neutrophilic lysosomal constituents were quantitated by immunochemical and enzymatic assays in 28 inflammatory and 9 noninflammatory synovial fluids. The quantities of lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and enzymatically determined lysozyme were covariate with the neutrophil count. Enzymatic activities measured with synthetic substrates developed for the assay of chymotryptic-like cationic protein (cathepsin G) and elastase, along with immunochemically determined lysozyme, were independent of the neutrophil count. Although the latter assays were developed and standardized with human neutrophilic lysosomal constituents, they measure different activities in inflammatory synovial effusions. No elastase was detected if elastin was used as the substrate. Regardless of the source of the enzymes, there was a negative correlation between their concentration and the degree of radiographic destruction of the joint from which the fluid was obtained. Lysosomal enzymes in solution in synovial fluid are not likely to be primarily involved in cartilage destruction.
Bone marrow biopsy with unaltered architecture: a new biopsy device. (1971)

Abstract Crushing and inadequate sample size are the major limitations of most marrow biopsy instruments. A new bone marrow biopsy device is described which obtains specimens of ample size and unaltered architecture. Consecutive biopsies (150) were obtained from 131 patients without any complication. Specific diagnoses that were not apparent on marrow smears alone were established in 14 per cent (21150) of all biopsies as compared to 4.7 per cent (7150) of cell block sections of aspirated material.
The Influence of Olfactory Loss on Dietary Behaviors (2008)

Patients with olfactory loss report alterations of dietary behaviors. Numerous factors appear to impact the results of olfactory loss in terms of changes in diet.
High-performance quantification of mature microRNAs by real-time RT-PCR using deoxyuridine-incorporated oligonucleotides and hemi-nested primers (2010)

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that serve as important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression and are emerging as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for human diseases. Robust and reliable detection of miRNAs is an essential step for understanding the functional significance of these small RNAs in both physiological and pathological processes. Existing methods for miRNA quantification rely on fluorescent probes for optimal specificity. In this study, we developed a high-performance real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay that allows specific and rapid detection of mature miRNAs using a fast thermocycling profile (10 sec per cycle). This assay exhibited a wide dynamic range (>7 logs) and was capable of detecting miRNAs from as little as 1 pg of the total RNA or as few as 10 cells. The use of modified reverse-transcription oligonucleotides with a secondary structure and hemi-nested reverse PCR primers allowed excellent discrimination of mature miRNAs from their precursors and highly homologous family members using SYBR Green I. Using a novel approach involving uracil-DNA glycosylase treatment, we showed that carryover of the reverse transcription oligonucleotide to the PCR can be successfully eliminated and discrimination between miRNA homologs could be further enhanced. These assays were further extended for multiplexed detection of miRNAs directly from cell lysates without laborious total RNA isolation. With the robust performance of these assays, we identified several miRNAs that were regulated by glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor in human glioblastoma cells. In summary, this method could provide a useful tool for rapid, robust, and cost-effective quantification of existing and novel miRNAs.
Radiant-heat spray-calcination process for the solid fixation of radioactive waste. Part 1, Non-radioactive pilot unit (1960)

The fixation of radioactive waste in a stable solid media by means of calcination of these aqueous solutions has been the subject of considerable-effort throughout the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and by atomic energy organizations in other countries. Several methods of doing this on a continuous or semi-continuous basis have been devised, and a fev have been demonstrated to be feasible for the handling of non-radioactive, or low-activity, simulated wastes. Notable among methods currently under development are: (a) batch-operated pot calcination of waste generated from reprocessing stainless steel clad fuel elements (Darex process) and Purex waste, (b) combination rotary kiln and ball mill calcination of aluminum nitrate (TBP-25 and Redox process), and (c) fluidized bed calcination of TBP-25 and Purex wastes. Although a considerable amount of engineering experience has been obtained on the calcination of dissolved salts in a fluidized bed, and the other methods have been the subjects of a great deal of study, none of them have been developed to-the extent which would rule out the desirability of further investigation of other possible methods of calcination.
Subcellular distribution of plasminogen activator in cultured human fibrosarcoma cells. (1983)

The subcellular distribution of plasminogen activator (PA) was studied in the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT 1080. The cells were homogenized and the cytoplasmic extract (postnuclear supernatant) was fractionated by rate sedimentation and isopyknic equilibration in continuous sucrose density gradients. The distribution of PA was compared with that of a number of subcellular marker enzymes. PA was found to be associated with light, slowly sedimenting particles. It was clearly resolved from the lysosomal marker enzymes β-glucuronidase and N -acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and from catalase used as a marker for peroxisomes. In both fractionation systems, the distribution profile for PA was intermediate between that of the putative plasmalemmal marker enzymes alkaline phosphodiesterase I and leucyl-β-naphthylamidase and that of esterase, a marker of the endoplasmic reticulum. PA-containing structures were resolved to a similar degree from plasmalemma and endoplasmic reticulum fragments by isopyknic equilibration in discontinuous sucrose gradients. Furthermore, following treatment of the postnuclear supernatant with digitonin, the shift in modal equilibrium density of the PA distribution profile was smaller than that of the plasmalemmal markers and larger than that of esterase.

The consistent dissociation of PA from alkaline phosphodiesterase I and leucyl-β-naphthylamidase suggests that PA is not primarily a constituent of the plasmalemma of transformed cells. It is most likely associated with the membrane of Golgiderived secretory or carrier vesicles and could this way become incorporated into the plasmalemma and subsequently gain access to the extracellular environment.

The subcellular distribution of PA was also studied in clones of the fibrosarcoma cell line HT 1080 with high or low secretory activity and found to be very similar. This suggests that PA secretion in transformed cells does not depend on a particular subcellular distribution of this proteinase and that low secretory activity is not related to increased intracellular storage.
Immune tolerance induction in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: costly can be cheaper (2000)

The development of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) occurs in approximately 30% to 40% of patients with severe hemophilia A. Management options for patients with inhibitor include eradicating it via immune tolerance induction (ITI) or treating bleeding episodes with large quantities of hemostatic agents. ITI is costly, approaching $1 million for the average 5-year-old, but if successful results in improved clinical outcomes. We constructed a decision analysis using the Markov process to model expected clinical outcomes and costs over a lifetime for a typical 5-year-old hemophiliac with high inhibitor levels. Estimates of relevant variables were based on a thorough review of the medical literature. Outcomes modeled included total lifetime costs as well as life expectancy. The decision analytic model revealed that the ITI strategy was associated with an increase in projected life expectancy of 4.6 years. Total estimated lifetime costs for the ITI strategy were approximately $1.7 million less per patient. Sensitivity analyses over clinically and economically reasonable ranges did not change these findings. The insight that ITI can achieve an improved clinical outcome while being cost-saving is not reflected in many current treatment regimens. This example also illustrates that expensive therapy for patients with a chronic disease may be cost effective when analyzed from a societal perspective over the patient's lifetime. This finding has important policy implications for medical decision makers at many levels and reinforces the need to undertake pharmacoeconomic analyses and choose therapies from a long-term, societal perspective.
Sound Scope Headphones: Controlling an Audio Mixer through Natural Movement (2006)

This paper describes the Sound Scope Headphones which enable the user to control an audio mixer through natural movements of the head and hands. This allows musical novices to interact closely with the music they listen to. Commercial audio mixers are too complicated for musical novices to properly control the multi-channel volumes and panpots. Our headphone device controls an audio mixer using three sensors mounted on the headphones to detect movements of the user when listening to music. 1
EVALUATION OF CYTOKINES AND CYTOKINE-INDUCED SECONDARY MESSAGES IN SERA OF PATIENTS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1990)

The study objective was first to investigate serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma, interferon alpha, interleukin 2, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and urinary neopterin in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation; and second to relate their levels to clinical complications. The design used was the prospective observation study, and the setting used was the transplant unit of a university medical center. Serum samples were collected from 20 patients every alternate day from transplantation until discharge. The measurements and main results were as follows: concentrations of cytokines, B2M, and neopterin were performed using commercially available radioimmuno-assays. In seven out of nine patients with acute cellular rejections, elevated levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1, B2M, and neopterin were detected. The highest absolute levels of TNF-alpha were observed in patients with CMV disease. Increments in bacterial infections were comparable to those seen in the above-mentioned groups with the exception of IFN-gamma, which remained stable. IL-1 serum levels showed a different pattern with peak concentrations measured in sera before transplant and during rejection, while in the case of CMV disease levels gradually decreased. No detectable levels of IFN-alpha or IL-2 were observed. Our results indicate that enhanced endogenous production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma accompanied by elevated levels of B2M and neopterin represent a regular feature of inflammatory complications after liver transplantation. Serum cytokine levels however were not useful in distinguishing between rejection and infection. Evaluation of neopterin was more sensitive than cytokine or B2M measurement for the detection of inflammatory complications.
Multicasting in interconnected networks (2002)

The state of the art in reliable multicasting protocols renders itself inadequate for group multicasting in environments where both intra-group and inter-group messages bridge several LANs. A particularly difficult situation arises if some LANs are managed by autonomous authorities. If autonomy is upheld, as a defacto condition, then LANs under different authorities can adopt different ordering criteria for group multicasting. The accommodation of heterogeneous ordering criteria is a problem that has been largely ignored. The authors propose the multi-LAN multi-order (MLMO) protocol, which supports a reliable ordered delivery service for both local and global messages. The MLMO protocol assumes an environment in which multicasting groups can have members belonging to different LANs, and each group can adopt either total or causal order for message delivery to its members. Characteristic to the protocol is a communication structure that can be aligned with the actual routing topology; thus, the number of necessary protocol messages is maintained. Furthermore, groups that adopt causal order are not forced to experience message latency solely because of coexisting groups that adopt total order.
Highlight separation and surface orientations for 3-D specular objects (2002)

The authors present a normal vector equalization method for separating probable highlights and obtaining surface orientations of 3-D specular objects. Based on the simplified Torrance-Sparrow model of specular reflection and the empirical Lambertian reflection model, this method uses a set of three monochromatic images taken from three different illumination directions, separates probable highlights from those images, and generates a set of three Lambertian (highlight-free) images and a set of three specular (highlight-only) images. Surface orientations are obtained using the Lambertian images by solving an imaging equation for a Lambertian surface. Computer simulations and experiments with real objects have been performed. The theoretical framework for measuring surface parameters which represent optical characteristics of the surface is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2‐Amino‐2′‐desoxytubercidin und verwandte Pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidinyl‐2′‐desoxyribofuranoside (1987)

Abstract Phasentransferglycosylierung von 2‐Amino‐4‐chlor‐7 H ‐pyrrolo‐[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin ( 4a ) mit 1‐Chlor‐3,5‐di‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐α‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranose ( 7 ) führt regio‐ und diastereoselektiv zum kristallinen Verknüpfungsprodukt 5a . Dessen 4‐Halogensubstituent oder der des ungeschützten Nucleosids 2b ist nucleophil substituierbar, wodurch 2‐Amino‐2′‐desoxytubercidin ( 1 ) und das Thionucleosid 3a zugänglich werden. In Abwesenheit der Nucleobase konnten aus dem Glycosylierungsansatz die anomeren 2‐Desoxy‐1,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosen 8 und 9 isoliert werden.
The Chalkboard: The Glass pH Electrode (2004)

We are pleased to introduce a new magazine column, The Chalkboard, that aims to take the reader back to the classroom. This series of tutorials will be written by experts for a non-specialist audience.
Short Chain Branching Effect on the Cloud-Point Pressures of Ethylene Copolymers in Subcritical and Supercritical Propane (1998)

The cloud-point pressures of copolymers of ethylene with propylene, butene, hexene, and octene in propane were measured with a variable-volume optical batch cell to investigate the effects of the number and length of branches on the phase behavior in the temperature range from 25 to 200 °C and at pressures up to 700 bar. As the degree of branching increased in the ethylene−propylene copolymers, ethylene−butene copolymers, and ethylene−hexene copolymers, the cloud-point pressures decreased. At the same degree of branching, the cloud-point pressures decreased slightly upon increasing branch length. The copolymer SAFT (statistical association fluid theory) equation of state was found to correlate the experimental cloud-point data by adjusting the branch segment energy.
Transparent Conductive Coatings by Printing Coffee Ring Arrays Obtained at Room Temperature (2009)

We report here a concept for utilization of the "coffee ring effect" and inkjet printing to obtain transparent conductive patterns, which can replace the widely used transparent conductive oxides, such as ITO. The transparent conductive coating is achieved by forming a 2-D array of interconnected metallic rings. The rim of the individual rings is less than 10 microm in width and less than 300 nm in height, surrounding a "hole" with a diameter of about 150 microm; therefore the whole array of the interconnected rings is almost invisible to the naked eye. The rims of the rings are composed of self-assembled, closely packed silver nanoparticles, which make the individual rings and the resulting array electrically conductive. The resulting arrays of rings have a transparency of 95%; resistivity of 0.5 cm(2) was 4 +/- 0.5 Omega/, which is better than conventional ITO transparent thin films. The silver rings and arrays are fabricated by a very simple, low cost process, based on inkjet printing of a dispersion of 0.5 wt % silver nanoparticles (approximately 20 nm diameter) on plastic substrates. The performance of this transparent conductive coating was demonstrated by using it as an electrode for a plastic electroluminescent device, demonstrating the applicability of this concept in plastics electronics. It is expected that such transparent conductive coatings can be used in a wide range of applications such as displays (LCD, plasma, touch screens, e-paper), lighting devices (electroluminescence, OLED), and solar cells.
The Waite Group's C++ primer plus (1998)

From the Publisher:
MWSS: C++ Primer Plus has been skillfully adapted as part of the Signature Series, personally developed by Mitchell Waite. It delivers clear, thorough coverage of a classic programming topic in tutorial format. MWSS: C++ Primer Plus Second Edition covers important OOP concepts like classes, inheritance, templates and exceptions. It shows how to handle input and output, make programs perform repetitive tasks and select choice, manipulate data, hide information, use functions, and build flexible, easily modified programs. MWSS: C++ Primer Plus includes lessons on namespaces, friends, and RTTI, and introduces string classes and the new Standard Template Library to keep the reader current with the latest C++ additions.
Developed by Mitchell Waite, this book walks readers through the basics of object-oriented programming while covering the essentials of C++
Coverage of new library features such as string class and Standard Template Library (STL), one of the most significant changes since the second edition
STL is a library of classes and functions that provide useful and efficient set of generic containers and algorithms
A new equivalent condition of the reverse order law for G-inverses of multiple matrix products (2008)

In 1999, Wei [M.Wei, Reverse order laws for generalized inverse of multiple matrix products, Linear Algebra Appl., 293 (1999), pp. 273-288] studied reverse order laws for generalized inverses of multiple matrix products and derived some necessary and sufficient conditions for An{1}An−1{1} . . .A1{1} ⊆ (A1A2 . . .An){1} by using P-SVD (Product Singular Value Decomposition). In this paper, using the maximal rank of the generalized Schur complement, a new simpler equivalent condition is obtained in terms of only the ranks of the known matrices for this inclusion.