gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-metathesis coupling of sugars and fatty acids to lysine and cysteine (2004)

Attachment of an olefin tether to the side chain of either lysine or cysteine allows cross metathesis (CM) conjugation with olefin-containing sugar and fatty acid analogues.
<title>Self-alignment for microparts assembly using water surface tension</title> (1999)

Alignment of microparts is a very important task in the assembly of microsystems. In conventional alignment, servomechanisms are used. However, in general, the servomechanisms are not only too large to align microparts but also complex and expensive. For overcoming these problems, a self-alignment method using liquid surface tension is proposed in this paper. The surface of the used microparts is divided into two kinds of areas: the wettability of one area is higher than that of the other. Using the microparts, the self-alignment is realized as follows: (1) a droplet of liquid is put on high wettability surface area of the first part, (2) the second part is put on the first one, (3) the second part is moved by the surface tension of the liquid so that the wettability area pattern of the first part overlaps with that of the second one and the alignment is accomplished. In this paper, the self-alignment characteristics using water as the liquid is examined experimentally. The experiment results prove the average of the final alignment errors becomes less than 10micrometers even if an initial alignment error is 100micrometers .
New N-Way Hybrid Power Dividers (2005)

New n-way hybrid power dividers are synthesized by using M sections of n-wire coupled (or uncoupled) transmission-lines of equal length with isolation resistors which are connected among neighboring wires.
High-carbon concentrations at the silicon dioxide–silicon carbide interface identified by electron energy loss spectroscopy (2000)

High carbon concentrations at distinct regions at thermally-grown SiO2/6H–SiC(0001) interfaces have been detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The thickness of these C-rich regions is estimated to be 10–15 Å. The oxides were grown on n-type 6H–SiC at 1100 °C in a wet O2 ambient for 4 h immediately after cleaning the substrates with the complete RCA process. In contrast, C-rich regions were not detected from EELS analyses of thermally grown SiO2/Si interfaces nor of chemical vapor deposition deposited SiO2/SiC interfaces. Silicon-rich layers within the SiC substrate adjacent to the thermally grown SiO2/SiC interface were also evident. The interface state density Dit in metal–oxide–SiC diodes (with thermally grown SiO2) was approximately 9×1011 cm−2 eV−1 at E−Ev=2.0 eV, which compares well with reported values for SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) diodes that have not received a postoxidation anneal. The C-rich regions and the change in SiC stoichiometry may be associated with the higher than desirable Dit’s and the low channel mobilities in SiC-based MOS field effect transistors.
A superscalar RISC processor with pseudo vector processing feature (2002)

A novel architectural extension, in which floating-point data are transferred directly from main memory to floating-point registers, has been successfully implemented in a superscalar RISC processor. This extension allows main memory access throughput of 1.2 Gbyte/s, and effective performance reaches 267 MFLOPS (89% of the peak performance) for typical floating-point applications. The processor utilizes 0.3-micron 4-level metal CMOS technology with 2.5 V power supply and contains 3.9 million transistors in 15.7 mm/spl times/15.7 mm die size. Only 4.5% of the die area is used for the extension. Pipeline stage optimization and scoreboard-based dependency check method allow the extension to be realized without affecting the operating frequency.
Nitrido Ruthenium Porphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Amination Reactions with Hydrocarbon or Silyl Enol Ethers (2003)

An unprecedented synthetic strategy was used for the preparation of nitrido ruthenium(VI) porphyrins such as 1. The structure of 1 features a RuN (nitrido) distance of 1.656(5) Å. Reactions of nitrido ruthenium(VI) porphyrins with silyl enol ethers or indan, in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride, afforded N-trifluoroacetyl amines in up to 84 % yield. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z50138_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Kronecker product approximation for preconditioning in three-dimensional imaging applications (2006)

We derive Kronecker product approximations, with the help of tensor decompositions, to construct approximations of severely ill-conditioned matrices that arise in three-dimensional (3-D) image processing applications. We use the Kronecker product approximations to derive preconditioners for iterative regularization techniques; the resulting preconditioned algorithms allow us to restore 3-D images in a computationally efficient manner. Through examples in microscopy and medical imaging, we show that the Kronecker approximation preconditioners provide a powerful tool that can be used to improve efficiency of iterative image restoration algorithms.
Phylogenetic Analysis of a Human Isolate from the 2000 Israel<i>West Nile virus</i>Epidemic (2002)

Specimens from a patient of the 2000 Israel West Nile virus epidemic were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Products corresponding to E, NS3, and NS5 sequences were amplified from cerebellar but not from cortical samples. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a closer relationship of this isolate to 1996 Romanian and 1999 Russian than to 1998-99 Israeli or 1999 New York isolates.
A One-Time Password Scheme with QR-Code Based on Mobile Phone (2009)

User authentication is one of the fundamental procedures to ensure secure communications and share system resources over an insecure public network channel. Especially, the purpose of the one-time password is to make it more difficult to gain unauthorized access to restricted resources. Instead of using the password file as conventional authentication systems, many researchers have devoted to implement various one-time password schemes using smart cards, time-synchronized token or short message service in order to reduce the risk of tampering and maintenance cost. However, these schemes are impractical because of the far from ubiquitous hardware devices or the infrastructure requirements. To remedy these weaknesses, the attraction of the QR code technique can be introduced into our one-time password authentication protocol. Not the same as before, the proposed scheme based on QR code not only eliminates the usage of the password verification table, but also is a cost effective solution since most internet users already have mobile phones.
Automatic authorized vehicle recognition system (2011)

The growth of technology is increasing day by day to fulfill the human needs. The proposed system is implemented to make human work easier. ANPR is an image processing technology which uses number plate to identify the vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient automatic authorized vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. The system is implemented on the entrance of a highly restricted areas for security e.g. Parliament, military zones, Supreme Court etc. The proposed algorithm consists of four major parts: vehicle detection, extraction of plate region, classification of a vehicle and recognition of plate characters. For vehicle detection moving object detecting algorithm is used. For extracting the plate region smearing algorithm and segmentation are used. The alpha numeric characters are recognized by using OCR. The resulting data is then used to compare with the database so as to come up with the specific information like the vehicle's owner, place of registration, address, etc. The system is implemented and simulated in Mat lab, and its performance is tested on a real image.
A Putative Polyketide Synthase/Peptide Synthetase from<i>Magnaporthe grisea</i>Signals Pathogen Attack to Resistant Rice[W] (2004)

Isolates of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea that carry the gene encoding Avirulence Conferring Enzyme1 (ACE1) are specifically recognized by rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars carrying the resistance gene Pi33. This recognition enables resistant plants to activate a defense response. ACE1 was isolated by map-based cloning and encodes a putative hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, enzymes involved in microbial secondary metabolism. ACE1 is expressed exclusively during fungal penetration of host leaves, the time point at which plant defense reactions are triggered. Ace1 appears to be localized in the cytoplasm of the appressorium. Mutation of the putative catalytic site of the beta-ketoacyl synthase domain of Ace1 abolishes recognition of the fungus by resistant rice. This suggests that Ace1 biosynthetic activity is required for avirulence. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal signal recognized by resistant rice plants is the secondary metabolite whose synthesis depends on Ace1.
Wearable diagnostic system for age-related macular degeneration (2016)

This paper presents a novel head-mounted point-of-care diagnostic system for detection and continuous monitoring of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This wearable embedded open-source platform enables accurate monitoring of AMD by taking advantage of multiple standard graphical interface techniques such as Amsler Grid, Threshold Amsler Grid, Macular Computerized Psychophysical Test and Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (PHP). Here, we describe the proposed multi-Grid or so-called NGRID software and elaborate on the hardware prototype. This prototype includes a commercially available Oculus HMD incorporated with a single board computer. As the first step towards a fully integrated wearable system, this paper successfully proves the functionality of head-mounted graphical interface device ready for a live demonstration. Participants can experience this device and take a 10-minute AMD eye-exam. Furthermore, NGRID has been approved and permitted for an in-hospital clinical trial.
MIKE: the menu interaction kontrol environment (1986)

A User Interface Management System (UIMS) called MIKE that does not use the syntactic specifications found in most UIMSs is described. Instead, MIKE provides a default syntax that is automatically generated from the definition of the semantic commands that the interaction is to support. The default syntax is refined using an interface editor that allows modification of the presentation of the interface. It is shown how active pictures can be created by adding action expressions to the viewports of MIKE's windowing system. The implications of MIKE's command-based dialogue description are discussed in terms of extensible interfaces, device and dialogue-style independence, and system support functions.
Mode coherence measurements across a 15 THz spectral bandwidth of a passively mode-locked quantum dash laser (2012)

The mode coherence of adjacent and non-adjacent spectral modes of a passively mode locked quantum dash (QDash) semiconductor laser are deduced through radio frequency beat-tone linewidth measurements. A wavelength conversion scheme that uses degenerate four wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier is proposed which considerably extends the mode spacing beyond the limit imposed by conventional fast-photodetection and electrical spectrum analysis of around 100 GHz. Using this scheme, the mode coherence of the QDash laser was measured out to the thirty-first harmonic, or a mode separation of 1.5 THz.
N-polar III-nitride quantum well light-emitting diodes with polarization-induced doping (2011)

Nitrogen-polar III-nitride heterostructures present unexplored advantages over Ga(metal)-polar crystals for optoelectronic devices. This work reports N-polar III-nitride quantum-well ultraviolet light-emitting diodes grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy that integrate polarization-induced p-type doping by compositional grading from GaN to AlGaN along N-face. The graded AlGaN layer simultaneously acts as an electron blocking layer while facilitating smooth injection of holes into the active region, while the built-in electric field in the barriers improves carrier injection into quantum wells. The enhanced doping, carrier injection, and light extraction indicate that N-polar structures have the potential to exceed the performance of metal-polar ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
Super-hydrophobic surfaces to condensed micro-droplets at temperatures below the freezing point retard ice/frost formation (2011)

Retarding and preventing ice/frost formation has an increasing importance because of the significant energy and safety concerns nowadays. In this paper, super-hydrophobic surfaces with ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated. These surfaces were super-hydrophobic not only to sessile macro-droplets at room temperature but also to condensed micro-droplets at temperatures below the freezing point. The effects of these ZnO surfaces towards ice/frost formation were investigated. The results show that the time of condensed droplets maintaining the liquid state (t) increases with the decrease of the growth time (tZnO) of ZnO nanorods which determines the surface wettability, clearly indicating the retardation of ice/frost formation. An explanation is proposed based on classic nucleation theory and the heat transfer between condensed droplets and super-hydrophobic surfaces. These results make clear that superhydrophobicity to condensed micro-droplets at temperatures below the freezing point is desirable for effectively retarding ice/frost formation. In addition, they are significant for understanding the effect of superhydrophobicity at surface temperatures lower than the equilibrium freezing point on retarding and preventing ice/frost formation and will be beneficial for the design of effective anti-ice/frost materials.
Mapping and leveraging influencers in social media to shape corporate brand perceptions (2011)

Purpose The emerging new influencer community is wielding significant power over the perceptions of brands and companies, largely driven by the rapid expansion of social media channels through which influencers communicate. The “nobodies” of the past are now the new “somebodies” demanding the attention of communication professionals who seek continuous engagement with targeted consumers throughout the various channels of the social web. The purpose of this paper is to present a means of identifying these new “somebodies”. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews a customizable valuation algorithm created to identify the “new somebodies” who are the influencers creating a revitalized level of brand awareness for companies. The index valuation algorithm measures a cross‐section of variables that numerically rate influencers in the social media conversation about a particular company, product or service. Findings This information helps us understand how these “somebodies” influence traditional target audiences, and help communications professionals establish effective outreach strategies. Integrating the influencer index data into a holistic social media strategy provides a comprehensive social media approach for optimizing brand equity. Originality/value The index identifies the “conversation points” that should guide engagement with each individual influencer, determining aspects such as subject and tone, and identifies these influencers.
Single-mode fiber-type polarizer (1982)

The simple and novel fabrication technique of the fiber-type polarizer has been demonstrated and the polarization characteristics of the polarizer have been investigated. The polarizer structure consists of the eccentric core and the metal coat on the thin buffer layer whose thickness is controlled by chemical etching. The maximum extinction ratio of 41 dB (polarizer length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L = 40.8</tex> mm) was obtained at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 1.15 \mu</tex> m when the buffer layer thickness was about 0.3 μm. Although the insertion loss increases with decreasing the buffer layer thickness, the insertion loss of 0.66 dB was obtained with the extinction ratio of 22 dB (polarizer length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L = 21.4</tex> mm). An aluminum coat was superior to a gold coat for low propagation loss and a high extinction ratio.
An arbitrarily skewable multiphase clock generator combining direct interpolation with phase error average (2003)

A multiphase clock generator based on direct phase interpolation is presented. No feedback loop is required. A simple phase interpolation architecture is proposed, in which the two phase-adjacent signals are interpolated by using a series of resistors via inverters' discharging or charging slopes to generate multiphase outputs in a single stage. A phase error averaging circuit is used to correct interphase errors. The multiphase clock generator has been fabricated in a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m, 3.3 V CMOS process. The measured performance shows it can operate at the input clock frequencies from 300 MHz to 600 MHz and has the rms jitter of 6 ps at 500 MHz.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorinated solvents using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning (2005)

The unambiguous identification and quantification of hazardous materials is of increasing importance in many sectors such as waste disposal, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and environmental protection. One particular problem in waste disposal and chemical manufacturing is the identification of solvents into chlorinated or non-chlorinated. In this work we have used Raman spectroscopy as the basis for a discrimination and quantification method for chlorinated solvents. Raman spectra of an extensive collection of solvent mixtures (200+) were collected using a JY-Horiba LabRam, infinity with a 488 nm excitation source. The solvent mixtures comprised of several chlorinated solvents: dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, mixed with solvents such as toluene, cyclohexane and/or acetone. The spectra were then analysed using a variety of chemometric techniques (Principal Component Analysis and Principal Component Regression) and machine learning (Neural Networks and Genetic Programming). In each case models were developed to identify the presence of chlorinated solvents in mixtures at levels of ~5%, to identify the type of chlorinated solvent and then to accurately quantify the amount of chlorinated solvent.
BOCDA fiber optic distributed strain sensing system with a polarization diversity scheme for enlargement of measurement range (2005)

We have developed Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA) for distributed strain measurement. BOCDA can achieve distributed strain measurement by controlling a correlation between pump and probe lightwave, with excellent spatial resolution and sampling rate compared with conventional pulse-based techniques. In this paper, we propose a scheme for polarization diversity to reduce data fluctuation by polarization state change of pump and probe lightwave in order to realize enlargement of measurement range. Stable distributed strain measurement is demonstrated along a 50m measurement range.
L-Type Calcium Channels Mediate a Slow Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Rat Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (1998)

Patch pipettes were used to record whole-cell synaptic currents under voltage-clamp in dopaminergic neurons in slices of rat substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. We report that dihydropyridines (DHPs), L-type Ca2+ channel antagonists, depressed a slow EPSC (EPSCslow) evoked by a train of focally delivered electrical stimuli. In fact, the amplitude of the EPSCslow was reduced by the DHP antagonists nifedipine (1-100 microM), nimodipine (1-100 microM), and isradipine (30 nM-100 microM) in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. On the other hand, Bay-K 8644 (1 microM), an L-type Ca2+ channel agonist, increased the EPSCslow. The DHPs depressed the EPSCslow only when the high-frequency stimulation that was used to evoke this synaptic current lasted >70 msec. On the other hand, Bay-K 8644 increased the amplitude of the EPSCslow only when it was evoked by a train <70 msec. Moreover, the DHPs did not affect the EPSCfast, the IPSCfast, and the IPSCslow. The inhibition of the EPSCslow caused by the DHPs is attributed to presynaptic mechanisms because (1) the inward current generated by exogenously administered glutamate was not affected and (2) the EPSCslow was reduced to a similar degree even when the activation state of postsynaptic L-type Ca2+ channels was changed by holding the neurons at -100, -60, and +30 mV. Finally, a DHP-sensitive component of the EPSCslow could even be detected after the blockade of N-, Q-, and P-type Ca2+ channels by the combination of omega-conotoxin GVIA, omega-agatoxin IVA, and omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Taken together, these results indicate that under certain patterns of synaptic activity, L-type Ca2+ channels regulate the synaptic release of excitatory amino acids on the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mesencephalon.
Broad and strong memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients (2020)

COVID-19 is an ongoing global crisis in which the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics will depend critically on understanding the natural immunity to the virus, including the role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. We have conducted a study of 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19, including 28 mild and 14 severe cases, comparing their T cell responses to those of 16 control donors. We assessed the immune memory of T cell responses using IFNγ based assays with overlapping peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 apart from ORF1. We found the breadth, magnitude and frequency of memory T cell responses from COVID-19 were significantly higher in severe compared to mild COVID-19 cases, and this effect was most marked in response to spike, membrane, and ORF3a proteins. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with the anti-Spike, anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) as well as anti-Nucleoprotein (NP) endpoint antibody titre (p<0.001, <0.001 and =0.002). We identified 39 separate peptides containing CD4 <sup>+</sup> and/or CD8 <sup>+</sup> epitopes, which strikingly included six immunodominant epitope clusters targeted by T cells in many donors, including 3 clusters in spike (recognised by 29%, 24%, 18% donors), two in the membrane protein (M, 32%, 47%) and one in the nucleoprotein (Np, 35%). CD8+ responses were further defined for their HLA restriction, including B*4001-restricted T cells showing central memory and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher frequencies of multi-cytokine producing M- and NP-specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells than spike-specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells were observed. They furthermore showed a higher ratio of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> to CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Immunodominant epitope clusters and peptides containing T cell epitopes identified in this study will provide critical tools to study the role of virus-specific T cells in control and resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The identification of T cell specificity and functionality associated with milder disease, highlights the potential importance of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.