gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kalman Filter Based Adaptive Reduction Of Motion Artifact From Photoplethysmographic Signal (2008)

Artifact free photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals are necessary for non-invasive estimation of oxygen saturation (SpO2) in arterial blood. Movement of a patient corrupts the PPGs with motion artifacts, resulting in large errors in the computation of Sp02. This paper presents a study on using Kalman Filter in an innovative way by modeling both the Artillery Blood Pressure (ABP) and the unwanted signal, additive motion artifact, to reduce motion artifacts from corrupted PPG signals. Simulation results show acceptable performance regarding LMS and variable step LMS, thus establishing the efficacy of the proposed method.
Photosynthesis of <i>Ectocarpus siliculosus</i> in red light and after pulses of blue light at high pH – evidence for bicarbonate uptake (1998)

Pulses of blue light cause stimulation of red light saturated photosynthesis in Ectocarpus siliculosus , because blue light activates the operation of a pathway for inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition by inducing the mobilization of CO 2 from an intermediate metabolite. In the absence of exogenous C i , photosynthetic rates roughly equal those of CO 2 release by respiration. In seawater of pH 9·5 (2·3 mol m –3 total C i , but concentrations of free CO 2 below 0·2 mmol m –3 ), photosynthesis was clearly above these rates, although they were only ≈ 30% of those in normal seawater (≈ pH 8). The degree and the time course of the stimulations of photosynthesis by pulses of blue light were unaltered at high pH. Essentially the same characteristics were found after buffering or in the presence of acetazolamide, an inhibitor of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity. Therefore, it is concluded that Ectocarpus is able to directly take up HCO 3 – in addition to CO 2 (uptake of CO 3 2– cannot be excluded). The dependence of photosynthesis on C i at pH 9·5 was biphasic, with C i below 0·2 mol m –3 having no effect at all. In C i ‐free seawater, the shapes of the stimulations after blue light pulses differed for pH 6, pH 8 and pH 9·5. At low pH, only the fast peak (maximum ≈ 5 min after blue light) was detected, whereas at high pH mainly the slow peak (maximum ≈ 20 min after blue light) was observed. At the intermediate pH 8, both peaks were present. As inhibition of total carbonic anhydrase by ethoxyzolamide brought out the fast peak of the stimulations at pH 9·5 it is concluded that the fast component was due to a transient disequilibrium of an intracellular pool of C i which, after blue light, was fed by CO 2 released from the postulated storage intermediate.
過量麻醉劑異丙酚導致巨噬細胞經由肝醣合成酶激酶-3β媒介溶酶體/粒線體細胞凋亡 (2011)

Propofol, a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent, has not only sedative effects but also antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Propofol infusion syndrome is caused by overdose treatment of propofol which causes cell death including cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, neuronal cells, and immune cells; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK)-3β plays multifactorial roles in cell growth, inflammation, and apoptosis. In searching a strategy for preventing propofol infusion syndrome-associated cell death, in this study, we hypothesize that overdose treatment of propofol induces macrophages undergoing cell apoptosis through GSK-3β. Overdose propofol caused phagocytic inhibition and apoptosis in murine macrophages RAW264.7 as well as BV2. Propofol caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) followed by cell apoptosis. MTP stabilizer cyclosporine A and caspase inhibitors decrease propofol-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, propofol caused activation of cathepsin B and z-FA-fmk, a cathepsin B inhibitor, decreases propofol-induced LMP, MTP loss, and cell apoptosis. We found that propofol deregulated Bcl-2 family proteins. Inhibiting GSK-3β by pharmacological inhibitor or lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA approach prevented propofol-induced LMP, MTP loss, and cell apoptosis. Knockdown of GSK-3β rescued propofol-induced Mcl-1 degradation and phagocytic inhibition. Similarly, Mcl-1 overexpression resisted propofol-induced lysosomal/mitochondrial apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that overdose propofol activated GSK-3β by inhibiting the upstream negative regulators of GSK-3β, such as Akt, ERK, and p70 S6K through unknown mechanisms. Finally, we proved that overdose propofol-induced phagocytic inhibition was through a GSK-3β-regulated manner in macrophages. According to these results, overdose treatment of propofol causes phagocytic inhibition and cell apoptosis are through inhibiting Akt, ERK, and p70 S6K, and further induces activation of GSK-3β to destabilize Mcl-1 followed by lysosomal dysfunction, mitochondrial injury, and caspase-mediated apoptotic signaling in macrophages. Taken together, inhibition of GSK-3βmay provide a new effective way on clinical to avoid immunosuppression and cell death in propofol infusion syndrome
A Taxonomy for Test Oracles (1998)

Software test automation is often a difficult and complex process. The most familiar aspects of test automation are organizing and running of test cases and capturing and verifying test results. A set of expected results are needed for each test case in order to check the test results. Generation of these expected results is often done using a mechanism called a test oracle. This paper describes classes of oracles for various types of automated software verification and validation. Several relevant characteristics of oracles are included and the advantages and disadvantages for each class covered. Background Software testing is a process of providing inputs to software under test (SUT) and evaluating the results. In software testing, the mechanism used to generate expected results is called an oracle. (In this paper, the first letter will be capitalized when referring to an Oracle for a specific test.) Many different approaches can be used to generate, capture, and compare test results. The author, for example, at one time or another has used the following methods for generating expected results:
Electrocardiographic data compression using preceding consecutive QRS information (2003)

A personal-computer-based electrocardiographic (ECG) noiseless-data compression system has been developed. In addition to using conventional techniques such as a linear predictor and Huffman probability code, the algorithm introduces a new technique to take advantage of the similarity and periodicity of QRS waveforms. The algorithm consists of two cascaded stages. In the first, a linear predictor with three optimal coefficients is used. In the second stage, a portion of the QRS waveform is predicted from previous consecutive QRS complexes to further reduce the bit rate. If no improvement is detected during the second stage, the program automatically employs the first-stage algorithm only. This arrangement ensures the minimum data compression to be equal to that of the conventional technique. A total of nine passages of 15 beats each were processed. Of the total beats, 96% were encoded with both stages of the algorithm and 4% used only the first-stage algorithm. It is concluded that consecutive QRS complexes can predict the subsequent QRS with high accuracy. For noiseless encoding, the average compression ratio was 2.0, and the bit rate was 1015 b/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methods for analyzing and quantifying protein–protein interaction (2014)

Genome sequencing has led to the identification of many proteins, which had not been recognized before. In consequence, the basic set of human proteins is generally known. Far less information, however, exists about protein-protein interactions, which are required and responsible for cellular activities and their control. Many protein isoforms that result from mutations, splice-variations and post-translational modifications also come into play. Until recently, interactions of only few protein partners could be analyzed in a single experiment. However, this does not meet the challenge of investigating the highly complex interaction patterns in cellular systems. It is made even more demanding by the need to determine the intensity of interactions quantitatively in order to properly understand protein interplay. Currently available techniques vary with respect to accuracy, reliability, reproducibility and throughput and their performances range from a mere qualitative demonstration of binding to a quantitative characterization of affinities. In this article, an overview is given of the methodologies available for analysis of protein-protein interactions.
Protecting multicast sessions in WDM optical mesh networks (2003)

Recent advances in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technology are expected to facilitate bandwidth-intensive multicast applications. However, a single fiber (bundle) cut on such a network can disrupt the transmission of information to several destination nodes on a "light tree"-based multicast session. Thus, it is imperative to protect multicast sessions e.g., by reserving resources along backup trees. We show that, if a backup tree is directed-link-disjoint to its primary counterpart, then data loss can be prevented in the event of any single link failure. We provide mathematical formulations for efficient routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) of several multicast sessions (including their backup trees for dedicated protection) at a globally optimum cost. We present these formulations for networks equipped with two kinds of multicast-capable switch architectures: one using the opaque (O-E-O) approach and the other using transparent (all-optical) approach. We expand our formulations to accommodate sparse splitting constraints in a network, in which an optical splitter has limited splitting fanout and each node has a limited number of such splitters. We develop a profit-maximizing model that would enable a network operator to be judicious in selecting sessions and simultaneously routing the chosen ones optimally. We illustrate the solutions obtained from solving these optimization problem formulations for a representative-size network.
Fast checking of individual certificate revocation on small systems (2003)

High-security network transactions require the checking of the revocation status of public key certificates. On mobile systems this may lead to excessive delays and unacceptable performance. This paper examines small system requirements and options, with a view to improving performance. It is shown that the use of keyed hash functions (message authentication codes) with a pre-registration option reduces network latency and allows stateless servers.
Intense picosecond pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway in HeLa cells (2012)

The application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) is emerging as a new technique for tumor therapy. Picosecond pulsed electric fields (psPEF) can be transferred to target deep tissue non-invasively and precisely, but the research of the biological effects of psPEF on cells is limited. Electric theory predicts that intense psPEF will target mitochondria and lead to changes in transmembrane potential, therefore, it is hypothesized that it can induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. HeLa cells were exposed to psPEF in this study to investigate this hypothesis. MTT assay demonstrated that intense psPEF significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Typical characteristics of apoptosis in HeLa cells were observed, using transmission electron microscopy. Loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was explored using laser scanning confocal microscopy with Rhodamine-123 (Rh123) staining. Furthermore, the mitochondrial apoptotic events were also confirmed by western blot analysis for the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, upregulation of Bax, p53 and downregulation of Bcl-2 were observed in HeLa cells also indicating apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that intense psPEF induce cell apoptosis through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
Biochemical evidence that the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae THR4</i> gene encodes threonine synthetase (1994)

In yeast, the assignment of the threonine synthetase activity to the THR4 gene has been inferred from different data, but never really proved enzymatically. In this work, an assay system for threonine synthetase activity in yeast crude extract is reported. The method is based on the quantification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, of the threonine formed from O-phosphohomoserine. Using this method we have determined that this activity depends on the presence in the cell of an active form of the THR4 gene, thus demonstrating the univocal relationship between them.
Uniform preparations of large unilamellar vesicles containing anionic lipids (1986)

A general procedure for the preparation of large unilamellar vesicles of selected sizes has been developed. The procedure consists of dissolving the lipid in organic solvent, washing with mild acid, removing the solvent, adding salt (0.15 M KCl) solution, and adjusting the pH (raising it to about pH 10 and lowering it immediately to pH 7.55). The procedure takes less than 30 min. The resulting unilamellar vesicles are of a single size with a rather low standard deviation. The sizes of these preparations range between 150 and 1000 nm in diameter. Sizes and polydispersities were measured to within 1-2% by photon correlation spectroscopy. Vesicle size varies with the phospholipid structure, the composition of the phospholipid mixture, the ionic strength of the medium, the alkyl chain composition, the cholesterol content of the phospholipid mixture, and the timing of the pH adjustment procedure. Uniform preparations of vesicles have been obtained from the dioleoyl esters of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine, from diphytanyl ethers of glycolipid sulfate, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, from bovine liver phosphatidylinositol, from Escherichia coli phosphatidylethanolamine, from membrane lipid extracts from E. coli and Holabacterium cutirubrum, and from dodecanesulfonate-alkanol mixtures and free oleic acid. The preparation of unilamellar vesicles from oleic acid is novel, and the size range is 600-3000 nm; the preparations are relatively uniform. Vesicles of phospholipids in which sucrose and trehalose replace salt as the impermeant do not differ significantly from those prepared in pentaerythritol.
Optimising power management strategies for railway traction systems (2011)

In Western countries, most family caregivers view some degree of palliative care as appropriate for severely demented care recipients. In Asian countries, caregivers' attitudes toward such an important issue have not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we surveyed Taiwanese caregivers' attitudes toward the terminal care of demented care recipients by questionnaire. In 115 (48 men, 67 women; mean age 73.7+/-9.5 years) caregivers who completed the questionnaire, most caregivers (61%) preferred highly aggressive care, whereas only 3% preferred solely palliative care at the end of the demented care recipients' life. Caregivers having a lower education level (< or = 12 vs > 12 years) or having care recipients of a younger age (< or =75 vs >75 years) exhibited a higher preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (P = .020 and P = .010, respectively). Sixteen percent of caregivers accepted postmortem autopsy for their care recipients. Twenty-eight percent of caregivers of home-resident recipients anticipated institutionalization, especially those with care recipients having moderate to severe stages of dementia. Co-surrogate caregivers, including the spouse and the offspring, were the most common proxies (39%) for care recipients with end-stage dementia. By comparison with Western countries, the low acceptance rate of CPR refusal and nursing home placement by our caregivers might result from cultural differences.
Cloud WorkBench - Infrastructure-as-Code Based Cloud Benchmarking (2014)

To optimally deploy their applications, users of Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds are required to evaluate the costs and performance of different combinations of cloud configurations to find out which combination provides the best service level for their specific application. Unfortunately, benchmarking cloud services is cumbersome and error-prone. In this paper, we propose an architecture and concrete implementation of a cloud benchmarking Web service, which fosters the definition of reusable and representative benchmarks. In distinction to existing work, our system is based on the notion of Infrastructure-as-Code, which is a state of the art concept to define IT infrastructure in a reproducible, well-defined, and testable way. We demonstrate our system based on an illustrative case study, in which we measure and compare the disk IO speeds of different instance and storage types in Amazon EC2.
Theory and experiment of a coaxial probe fed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (1993)

A hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna fed by a coaxial probe is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The Green's function for the evaluation of the input impedance is derived rigorously and expressed in a form convenient for numerical computations. The method of moments is used to obtain the probe current from which the input impedance of the DR antenna is calculated. Both delta gap and magnetic frill source models are considered. Moreover, the results using a reduced kernel as well as the exact kernel are presented. Both entire basis (EB) and piecewise sinusoidal (PWS) expansion modes are used and the results are compared. The effects of the probe length, feed position, and dielectric constant on the input impedance are discussed. Finally, the theoretical radiation patterns for the first three resonant modes (TE/sub 111/, TM/sub 101/, and TE/sub 221/) of the DR antenna are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic and structural characterization of nanosized BaCo<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>16</sub>O<sub>27</sub>hexaferrite in the vicinity of spin reorientation transition (2011)

International audience
Modulation of temozolomide dose differentially affects T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibition (2019)

The peripheral and intratumoral immune microenvironments are distinctively affected by dose modulation of temozolomide.
Biophysical chemistry of membrane functions (1988)

The Membrane Principle of Cell Organisation Membrane Structure Membranes as Mediators of Flow of Matter Membranes as Convertors of Energy Processing of Information in Membranes.
Understanding and Exploiting the Trade-Offs between Broadcasting and Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

We find that current group communications protocols are far from "one size fits all", they are typically geared toward and optimized for particular scenarios. Multicasting, in general, works well if the density of group members is sparse and in low mobility; broadcasting, in contrast, works well with a high density of group members and in high mobility. Due to the dynamics of the network, one strategy may be preferable to the other at different times and in different localized regions. In this paper, we first quantify the trade-offs between broadcasting and multicasting and evaluate the suitability of a strategy in various scenarios of deployment. Based on the lessons learned, we design a protocol that adapts in response to the dynamics of the network. We named our protocol Fireworks. Fireworks is a hybrid two-tier multicast/broadcast protocol that provides efficient and lightweight multicast dissemination and self-adapts in response to variations in the density and distribution of group members to provide efficient performance. Fireworks creates pockets of broadcast distribution in areas with many members, while it creates and maintains a multicast backbone to interconnect these dense pockets. Fireworks offers packet delivery statistics comparable to that of a pure multicast scheme but with significantly lower overheads. We also show that Fireworks has a lower level of degrading influence on the performance of coexisting unicast sessions than either traditional multicast or broadcast methods
Experimental treatment of human neuroblastoma using live-attenuated poliovirus (2004)

Neuroblastoma, originated from neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. In the present study, we evaluated in vitro the oncolytic effect of live-attenuated poliovirus on human neuroblastoma cell lines, and in vivo its therapeutic efficacy in human neuroblastoma-bearing athymic mice. Live-attenuated poliovirus killed 27 (93%) of 29 established neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro. It induced cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G, leading to cell death through a mechanism involving activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. For the in vivo experiments, an animal model was established using athymic mice xenotransplanted with SJ-N-JF neuroblastoma cells on both flanks. Inoculation of live-attenuated poliovirus into one of the two tumors caused a dramatic and complete regression of both the inoculated and contralateral tumors. Live-attenuated poliovirus has potent oncolytic activity against human neuroblastomas in vitro and in vivo and it may be useful for the treatment of advanced and refractory neuroblastomas, however, further studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of method.
Wood as a sustainable building material (2009)

Wood is the most widely used building material in the United States because of its efficiency, durable, and usefulness. One of the greatest attributes of wood is that it is a renewable resource, it has low carbon impact and low embodied energy. The amount of energy needed for producing wood products is much less than comparable products made from other materials. Carbon in wood remains stored until the wood deteriorates or is burned. Architects, product designers, material specifiers, and homeowners are increasingly asking for certified building products that are from sustainable resources. More than 50 different forest certification systems in the world represent nearly 700 million acres of forestland and 15,000 companies involved in producing certified products. In terms of forest acreage under certification, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) dominate in the United States.
Energy Efficiency and Management in Food Processing Facilities (2008)

Energy efficiency, environmental protection, and processing waste management continue to attract increased attention in the food processing industry. As with other industrial sectors, reducing costs while also reducing environmental impact and improving overall sustainability is becoming an important part of the business process. Providing practica