gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gesture recognition in a meeting environment (2006)

This thesis describes a research project related to gesture recognition in a meeting environment. In this research project we want to determine where the challenges lie in gesture recognition and what the recognition performance is when we apply existing machine learning techniques in a real life setting such as meetings. The research is split up in four parts. The first part is feature selection. This part encompasses the process of analyzing meetings on useful gestures, annotating these gestures, parameterization with possible features and selecting the most useful features. The second part is segmentation, the process of automatically locating gestures in a meeting. Two segmentation approaches are examined; whole gesture segmentation and gesture part segmentation. Two methods, BIC and AM, are compared for each approach. The third part is feature clustering, the mapping of continuous data to discrete data. Two methods are compared for this purpose, K-Means and Expectation Maximization. The final part is classification, labeling data parts with the correct gesture label. Hidden Markov models are used for classification. The main goal is to compare the classification performance on annotated gestures with the classification performance on automatically segmented gestures. From these four phases follows the project?s conclusions and recommendations.
Do Project Managers Compensate for Risk Controls? An Exploratory Study on Risk Behavior in IT Projects (2009)

Although project risks are a prevalent research topic, managing risks is still a major challenge for project managers. In this paper, we take a fresh approach at risk behavior in IT projects by exploring the explanatory power of risk compensation theory (RCT). Although RCT is being discussed in other disciplines such as traffic safety, its potential contribution to IT project risk management has not yet been recognized. We apply an exploratory multiple holistic case study approach to investigate RCT based on internal risk reports of a large international software provider. Our results show modest support for risk compensation in the documented risk behavior. Although our results are of exploratory nature, we show that the usual focus on reducing risks in current risk management methodologies may lead to inefficient risk behavior. Instead, risk management methodologies should support project managers in balancing their risk controls based on their risk propensity and the companies' goals.
HD-SAT (RACE 2075): HDTV broadcasting over Ka-band satellite, cable and MMDS (1994)

The last ITU World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC '92) allocated new frequency bands in the 20 GHz range for broadcasting satellite services. This followed from the results of research and feasibility studies on coding and satellite transmission of digital HDTV. One of the aims of this allocation was to open up the 20 GHz. satellite frequency range to potentially provide to the television end user's home very high quality HDTV, along with multilingual/multichannel sound and powerful data services. HD-SAT is an ongoing research project begun in 1992, jointly funded by the participating partners and the European Commission (DG XIII) as part: of the RACE II program. HD-SAT has as its objective to study, develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a complete broadcasting chain based on 30/20 GHz satellite transmission. The HD-SAT system, includes the studio to satellite uplink, the direct-to-home (DTH) satellite reception, as well as secondary distribution via terrestrial networks including cable and MMDS (Multipoint Microwave Distribution System), as well as the currently developing Integrated Broadband Communication Networks (IBCN). The the overall architecture of the HD-SAT system is shown.
CARBON BED TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS PLANT WASTE FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATERIALS. (1969)

than those obtained in the field as the moisture cannot spread horizontally in a column. Uptake of plutonium by the soil was very minor and of anmericium negligible. (auth)
Preparation and antidiabetic activity of some sulfonylurea derivatives of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles (1979)

Four series of p-[3,5-dimethyl- (and 5-methyl-3-carboxy-) pyrazole-1]benzenesulfonylureas, thioureas, 2-thiohydantions, and 5,6-dihydro-4(3H)-oxo-2(1H)-pyrimidinethiones were prepared for evaluation as hypoglycemic agents. Biological testing of these compounds showed that some possessed antidiabetic activity.
Nuclear Accumulation of Influenza Viral RNA Transcripts and the Effects of Cycloheximide, Actinomycin D, and α-Amanitin (1979)

The use of virus-specific (32)P-labeled complementary DNA and (125)I-labeled virion RNA as hybridization probes has allowed us to quantitate the number of molecules of complementary RNA (cRNA) and progeny virion RNA in MDCK cells infected with influenza virus. We compared the distribution of cRNA between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in cycloheximide-treated cells to that found in untreated cells, beginning 1 h after infection. A greater percentage of the total cRNA was detected in the nucleus of the drug-treated cells at all times investigated. For the first 2 h after infection about 50% of the cRNA synthesized in the cycloheximide-treated cells was found in the nucleus. These nuclear cRNA molecules were characterized and shown to be polyadenylated transcripts of each of the genome virion RNA segments. Viral cRNA synthesis was not completely inhibited by the addition of actinomycin D at the beginning of infection, with or without the concomitant addition of cycloheximide. A large fraction (about 90%) of these cRNA sequences were detected in the nucleus. Characterization of these nuclear cRNA molecules showed that they contained polyadenylic acid and represented transcripts of both those segments coding for proteins synthesized predominantly early after infection ("early" proteins) and those virion RNA segments coding for "late" proteins. Also, in vitro translation of these cRNA molecules showed that they were functional virus mRNA's. In contrast to actinomycin D, alpha-amanitin completely inhibited cRNA synthesis when added at the beginning of infection, and addition of this drug after 1.5 h had no effect on further cRNA synthesis.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Modulation and Coding Scheme Selection in Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks (2019)

We consider a cognitive heterogeneous network (HetNet), in which multiple pairs of secondary users adopt sensing-based approaches to coexist with a pair of primary users on a certain spectrum band. Due to imperfect spectrum sensing, secondary transmitters (STs) may cause interference to the primary receiver (PR) and make it difficult for the PR to select a proper modulation and/or coding scheme (MCS). To deal with this issue, we exploit deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and propose an intelligent MCS selection algorithm for the primary transmission. To reduce the system overhead caused by the MCS switchings, we further introduce a switching cost factor in the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the primary transmission rate of the proposed algorithm without the switching cost factor is 90% ~ 100% of the optimal MCS selection scheme, which assumes that the interference from the STs is perfectly known at the PR as prior information, is 30% higher than that of the upper confidence bandit (UCB) algorithm, and is 100% higher than that of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm with the switching cost factor can achieve a higher primary transmission rate than those of the benchmark algorithms without increasing system overheads.
Progressive Face Super-Resolution via Attention to Facial Landmark (2019)

Face Super-Resolution (SR) is a subfield of the SR domain that specifically targets the reconstruction of face images. The main challenge of face SR is to restore essential facial features without distortion. We propose a novel face SR method that generates photo-realistic 8x super-resolved face images with fully retained facial details. To that end, we adopt a progressive training method, which allows stable training by splitting the network into successive steps, each producing output with a progressively higher resolution. We also propose a novel facial attention loss and apply it at each step to focus on restoring facial attributes in greater details by multiplying the pixel difference and heatmap values. Lastly, we propose a compressed version of the state-of-the-art face alignment network (FAN) for landmark heatmap extraction. With the proposed FAN, we can extract the heatmaps suitable for face SR and also reduce the overall training time. Experimental results verify that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both qualitative and quantitative measurements, especially in perceptual quality.
<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of photo‐crosslinkable chitosan‐lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2014)

Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. NMR and FTIR revealed that the hydrogels were formed via amidation and esterification between Ch and LA, and methacrylation for photo-crosslinkable networks. Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. Mineralization was enhanced by sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels, but was cell type dependent. This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors.
Supporting Personal Mobility with Integrated RFID in VoIP Systems (2009)

In this paper, we integrate radio frequency identification (RFID), and SIP express router (SER) to create a VoIP system which can achieve personal mobility. In our proposed system, as soon as the user moves to different locations, the sensors of the doors/locations can read the RFID tag of the user and the server can activate an according phone and register to the SER immediately. To avoid multiple registrations, our system will close the phone which the user used before at the same time. The advantage of this research is that itpsilas unnecessary to change the settings of the SER, and neither to use the specific phone. Furthermore, we can use the same MySQL database as SER and which can reduce the work of the system development.
13C NMR study of the biosynthesis of toxins by Fusarium graminearum. (1985)

13C NMR spectroscopic investigations on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum (M69) were carried out through the incorporation of [1-13C]- and [2-13C]acetate precursors. The major secondary metabolites produced by this species in still culture were deoxynivalenol (3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-one), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and butenolide. [1-13C]- and [2-13C]acetate were incorporated in alternate carbon atoms in zearalenone, consistent with the head to tail condensation of nine acetate units. The trichothecenes were enriched in a manner consistent with the condensation of three mevalonate units. 13C/13C couplings, observed between C-5 and C-12, as well as between C-6 and C-15 of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, confirms the current hypothesis of formation of the trichothecene ring system by cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate. The incorporation pattern in ergosterol is also consistent with a mevalonate origin, while the adjacent incorporation of acetate methyl groups in butenolide suggests a glutamate precursor. The degree of enrichment in the secondary metabolites, which ranged from 3 to 10% at each carbon site, was observed in the 13C NMR spectra of the crude fungal extracts to be dependent on the timing of acetate addition to the culture. The specific toxins produced together with the quantity of each, were also found to be dependent on the timing of acetate addition. Competition between the three biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolism, i.e. polyketide, mevalonate, and amino acid for the labeled acetate in this organism is a complex function of culture conditions.
Agents of Choice: Tools that Facilitate Notice and Choice about Web Site Data Practices (2000)

A variety of tools have been introduced recently that are designed to help people protect their privacy on the Internet. These tools perform many different functions in-cluding encrypting and/or anonymizing communications, preventing the use of persistent identifiers such as cookies, automatically fetching and analyzing web site privacy policies, and displaying privacy-related information to users. This paper discusses the set of privacy tools that aim specifically at facilitating notice and choice about Web site data practices. While these tools may also have components that perform other functions such as encryption, or they may be able to work in conjunction with other privacy tools, the primary pur-pose of these tools is to help make users aware of web site privacy practices and to make it easier for users to make informed choices about when to provide data to web sites. Examples of such tools include the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) and various infomediary services.
ASSESSMENT OF OPTIC NERVE CUP-TO-DISK RATIO CHANGES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING MULTIPLE INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AGENTS (2009)

There was no statistically significant change in the vertical C/D of optic nerves in patients receiving multiple intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, regardless of whether they received fewer or more than five total injections. This suggests that the short-term intraocular pressure rise and frequent intraocular pressure fluctuation, as well as the anti-VEGF properties of these drugs, do not adversely change the optic nerve C/D. Additional prospective studies are warranted to confirm these conclusions.
Short-term multimodal phototherapy approach in a diabetic ulcer patient. (2012)

Foot ulcers increase morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Due to poor healing factors, surgical wound healing is questionable in diabetic patients. We report a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, sensory neuropathy and microangiopathy, who had an infected stump of the right three middle digits and subsequent transmetatarsal amputation. The infected postoperative ulcer was treated with complex phototherapy, including laser and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiations. A total of 23 sessions of low-intensity laser therapy and UVC irradiation were administered over a five-week period. The infected surgical wound healed completely. During the three-month follow-up period, there was no recurrence of the ulcer, although the patient's metabolic profile remained unstable. Multimodal therapy combining UVC and laser may constitute a useful and side-effect-free alternative treatment modality for the induction of wound healing post metatarsal amputation in patients with unhealed diabetic ulcers.
An improved moment-preserving auto threshold image segmentation algorithm (2005)

When moment-preserving auto threshold algorithm is used to segment image whose histogram is unimodal or monotonic function, there is serious background interference, and the segmentation accuracy is greatly affected by the size variance of the object, so this paper puts forward an improved moment-preserving auto threshold algorithm. Aiming at the original algorithm's shortage of neglecting image details, this algorithm takes advantage of the feature that the grey level difference between object borders and adjacent background is great while the difference among pixels in an object region or background region is small, and then adds gradient adjustment based on object edge pixels to moment-preserving auto thresholding, in order to look after both the whole and the details of image in segmentation result. This algorithm needs no iteration or search, and it is fast enough to satisfy the demand for real time. As simulation results show, this algorithm can segment object image effectively.
Side Scatter Intensity Is Highly Heterogeneous in Undifferentiated Pluripotent Stem Cells and Predicts Clonogenic Self-Renewal (2013)

In culture, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are phenotypically (for instance, the SSEA3 expression level) and functionally (capacity to survive after single-cell dissociation) heterogeneous. We report here that the side scatter (SSC) signal measured by flow cytometry, a variable correlated with membrane irregularity and cell granularity, is very high in PSCs, even higher than in blood polymorphonuclear cells, and markedly heterogeneous. Moreover, SSC intensity rapidly and strongly decreases upon PSC differentiation into any of the three germ layers. PSCs with high SSC (HSSC cells) or low SSC (LSSC cells) values both express pluripotency markers, but HSSC cells are characterized by more frequent simultaneous expression of the membrane pluripotency factors SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60, and CD24 and by a higher mitochondrial content. Functionally, HSSC cells are more likely to generate colonies upon single-cell passage than LSSC cells. SSC monitoring might provide a simple, but robust and rapid method to estimate pluripotency variations in culture and unveils a new phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in PSCs.
On-chip spectrometer for low-cost optical coherence tomography (2014)

Tornado Spectral Systems has developed a new spectrometer called OCTANE, the Optical Coherence Tomography Advanced Nanophotonic Engine, consisting of chip-based spectrometers for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems. These devices include planar lightwave circuits with integrated waveguides fabricated on a planar silicon substrate. Our commercial prototypes include a NIR system centered at a wavelength of 860 nm, a spectral bandwidth of 70 nm, and 2048 output channels to record TE and TM polarizations independently at an 80 kHz line scan rate. Intended to support low-cost, high-volume applications, these spectrometers are well-suited to SD-OCT for both biological and industrial non-destructive testing applications.
Dual actions of vasopressin and oxytocin in regulation of water permeability in terminal collecting duct (1993)

We conducted studies in isolated perfused terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) from rats to investigate the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of osmotic water permeability. Vasopressin and oxytocin were found to have both stimulatory effects (at 0.1 nM) and inhibitory effects (at 10 nM) on osmotic water permeability. Measurements of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production demonstrated that both vasopressin and oxytocin increase cAMP production. Both the selective oxytocin-receptor agonist [Thr4,Gly7]oxytocin (10 nM) and the selective V1b agonist [deamino1,D-3-(pyridyl)Ala2,Arg8]vasopressin (10 nM) inhibited vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability. In contrast, the selective V1a vasopressin-receptor agonist [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (10 nM) had no effect on vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability. These effects on water permeability correlated with the ability of the agents to transiently increase intracellular free calcium. The oxytocin/vasopressin-receptor antagonist [des-glycinamide9,d(CH2)5(1),O-Me-Tyr2,Thr4,Orn8]vasot ocin, which almost completely blocks vasopressin-induced calcium mobilization, also blocked the ability of 10 nM vasopressin to inhibit osmotic water permeability relative to that found with 0.1 nM vasopressin. We conclude the following. 1) Oxytocin, like vasopressin, has dual effects on osmotic water permeability, increasing it at subnanomolar concentrations and inhibiting it at suprananomolar concentrations. 2) Oxytocin, like vasopressin, can increase cAMP production, perhaps accounting for the increase in water permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computational Complexity Certification for Real-Time MPC With Input Constraints Based on the Fast Gradient Method (2011)

This paper proposes to use Nesterov's fast gradient method for the solution of linear quadratic model predictive control (MPC) problems with input constraints. The main focus is on the method's a priori computational complexity certification which consists of deriving lower iteration bounds such that a solution of pre-specified suboptimality is obtained for any possible state of the system. We investigate cold- and warm-starting strategies and provide an easily computable lower iteration bound for cold-starting and an asymptotic characterization of the bounds for warm-starting. Moreover, we characterize the set of MPC problems for which small iteration bounds and thus short solution times are expected. The theoretical findings and the practical relevance of the obtained lower iteration bounds are underpinned by various numerical examples and compared to certification results for a primal-dual interior point method.
Self-Assembled Multivalent DNA Nanostructures for Noninvasive Intracellular Delivery of Immunostimulatory CpG Oligonucleotides (2011)

Designed oligonucleotides can self-assemble into DNA nanostructures with well-defined structures and uniform sizes, which provide unprecedented opportunities for biosensing, molecular imaging, and drug delivery. In this work, we have developed functional, multivalent DNA nanostructures by appending unmethylated CpG motifs to three-dimensional DNA tetrahedra. These small-sized functional nanostructures are compact, mechanically stable, and noncytotoxic. We have demonstrated that DNA nanostructures are resistant to nuclease degradation and remain substantially intact in fetal bovine serum and in cells for at least several hours. Significantly, these functional nanostructures can noninvasively and efficiently enter macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells without the aid of transfection agents. After they are uptaken by cells, CpG motifs are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) that activates downstream pathways to induce immunostimulatory effects, producing high-level secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. We also show that multivalent CpG motifs greatly enhance the immunostimulatory effect of the nanostructures. Given the high efficacy of these functional nanostructures and their noncytotoxic nature, we expect that DNA nanostructures will become a promising tool for targeted drug delivery.
Two-photon absorption and all-optical modulation in germanium-on-silicon waveguides for the mid-infrared (2015)

The nonlinear absorption properties of a germanium-on-silicon waveguide have been characterized across the two-photon absorption (TPA) transmission window. The results show that the TPA parameters in germanium waveguides are much stronger than the peak values in silicon, in good agreement with selected measurements conducted in bulk materials. Exploiting the large nonlinear absorption near the bandedge, efficient all-optical modulation is achieved with a modulation depth of ∼8 dB and a response time <5 ps.