gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Layout Aware (DLA) scan chain stitching (2013)

Without appropriate stitching of scan chains, even with good diagnosis algorithm and diagnostic pattern generation, it may still result in bad scan chain diagnostic resolution. To improve the diagnostic resolution, we propose a novel Diagnosis and Layout Aware (DLA) scan chain stitching method, which is pattern independent and supports embedded scan compaction. It is based on three ideas: (1) increasing the number of sensitive scan cells, which can capture useful diagnostic information; (2) properly distributing the sensitive scan cells along the scan chains to enhance the overall resolution; (3) stitching scan cells based on their placement at layout to preserve the chip performance. Experiments on ISCAS'89/ITC'99 benchmark circuits and a real industry circuit based on 20nm technology with silicon results show that, the proposed DLA scan chain stitching method effectively improves the resolution, with negligible impact on chip performance, embedded scan compaction, transition fault coverage, and test power dissipation. The silicon results even show 7X average resolution improvement comparing to without using the proposed method.
The adventitia: The outs and ins of vascular disease (2007)

Long before it was established that the adventitia is a major source of vasoactive factors and a pivotal participant in vascular remodeling, it was noted that the changes occurring in the adventitia could be a signal of impending vascular disease, among them marked hypercellularity, increased connective tissue production, and clear signs of inflammation. Various forms of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular injury are characterized by adventitial cell proliferation and increased leukocyte levels in the perivascular space. In 1915, Albutt [1] reported finding inflammatory cells in the perivascular adventitia of atherosclerotic arteries. Almost half a century later, Schwartz and Mitchell [2] showed a positive correlation between the magnitude of adventitial inflammation and the severity of atherosclerosis. However, for more than 30 years, these observations remained a curious, yet peculiar phenomenon that was largely ignored and generally considered irrelevant to homeostasis of the vessel wall. Until recently, doubts persisted that this outer segment of the blood vessel could have far-reaching effects on the vascular wall, including profound changes affecting medial smooth muscle and endothelial cell biology.

Over the past decade, however, a few landmark studies illustrated a highly important role for the adventitia in dysfunction, ranging from interference in endothelium-dependent responses to a direct contribution of adventitial myofibroblasts to restenosis. It is our expectation and hope that the reviews and original publications in this issue will shed important new light on an important role for the adventitia in vascular physiology and pathophysiology.

Maiellaro and Taylor [3] highlight the emerging new paradigm of vascular inflammation, describing an inward progression of inflammation from the adventitia toward the intima. Major strides have been made in revealing the identity of the adventitial cell population, which we now know includes monocytes, macrophages and T-cells together with increased differentiation of resident fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Moreover, these changes were shown …
Cell capacitor sizing in multilevel converters: cases of the modular multilevel converter and alternate arm converter (2014)

Multilevel converters, such as the modular multilevel converter (MMC) or the alternate arm converter (AAC), rely on charged capacitors in their cells to generate their AC voltage waveform. Since the cell capacitors are physically large and occupy approximately half the cell volume, their capacitance must be kept minimal while limiting the voltage fluctuation caused by the current passing periodically through these capacitors. This study proposes a mathematical model which estimates the energy deviation for the stacks of both the MMC and the AAC during steady‐state operation under any power factor and for AC voltage magnitude fluctuation of up to ±10%. The analysis is then used to calculate the minimum size for the cell capacitors in order to keep their voltage fluctuation within set boundaries for both topologies. The results show that the MMC requires 39 kJ/MVA of capacitive energy storage under sinusoidal modulation but this reduces with triplen injection modulation. The AAC has a lower requirement for storage in its cells of 11 kJ/MVA but the AAC has a six‐pulse DC current ripple which requires a filter estimated to have a further 33% capacitive storage.
Keratin 8 and 18 Loss in Epithelial Cancer Cells Increases Collective Cell Migration and Cisplatin Sensitivity through Claudin1 Up-regulation (2013)

Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/18) are simple epithelial cell-specific intermediate filament proteins. Keratins are essential for tissue integrity and are involved in intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell response to injuries, cell growth, and death. K8/18 expression is maintained during tumorigenesis; hence, they are used as a diagnostic marker in tumor pathology. In recent years, studies have provided evidence that keratins should be considered not only as markers but also as regulators of cancer cell signaling. The loss of K8/18 expression during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with metastasis and chemoresistance. In the present study, we investigated whether K8/18 expression plays an active role in EMT. We show that K8/18 stable knockdown using shRNA increased collective migration and invasiveness of epithelial cancer cells without modulating EMT markers. K8/18-depleted cells showed PI3K/Akt/NF-κB hyperactivation and increased MMP2 and MMP9 expression. K8/18 deletion also increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Increased Fas receptor membrane targeting suggests that apoptosis is enhanced via the extrinsic pathway. Interestingly, we identified the tight junction protein claudin1 as a regulator of these processes. This is the first indication that modulation of K8/18 expression can influence the phenotype of epithelial cancer cells at a transcriptional level and supports the hypothesis that keratins play an active role in cancer progression.
Enhanced production of nitric oxide by bone marrow cells and increased sensitivity to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF after benzene treatment of mice (1994)

Nitric oxide is a short-lived reactive mediator that inhibits bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The present studies show that nitric oxide also inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced growth of mouse BM cells, an effect that was dependent on the presence of an inflammatory mediator and blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA). Treatment of mice with the hematotoxicant benzene (800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, two times per day, for 2 days) resulted in a significant increase in nitric oxide production by BM cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma alone or in combination with M-CSF or GM-CSF. Cells from benzene-treated mice also displayed increased sensitivity to the growth-promoting effects of M-CSF and GM-CSF. These results suggest that benzene treatment of mice primes BM cells to inducers of nitric oxide. Northern blot analysis showed that this was, at least in part, caused by increased expression of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Surprisingly, treatment of mice with L-NMA was found to cause a depression in BM cell proliferation and to potentiate benzene-induced decreases in BM cellularity and increases in nitric oxide production. L-NMA administration also augmented nitric oxide production by BM cells. These data indicate that L-NMA is hematotoxic and suggest that it may have actions distinct from inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in the BM.
Neuroregeneració: una finestra al futur (2012)

Antigament es creia que el sistema nervios era un cas apart que no seguia la teoria cel·lular, es a dir, es creia que no existien les cel·lules nervioses. Aquesta idea va canviar gracies a les aportacions del doctor Santiago Ramon y Cajal, que va determinar que el sistema nervios, com la resta de teixits del nostre organisme, estava format per cel·lules: les neurones. A mes de les neurones, al sistema nervios trobem altres tipus de cel·lules: les cel·lules de glia, que tenen diferents funcions com donar suport a la xarxa neuronal o aportar nutrients i recollir els productes residuals de les neurones.
Feasibility and design study for a motorized A/K prosthesis. (1978)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1978.
Detection of the subthalamic nucleus in microelectrographic recordings in Parkinson disease using the high-frequency (> 500 Hz) neuronal background (2007)

Accurate and fast localization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring can improve the outcome of deep brain stimulation surgery. The authors show a simple method of detecting the STN that is based on an analysis of the high-frequency (> 500 Hz) background (HFB) activity of neurons. The HFB reflects multiunit spiking activity close to the recording electrode, and its characteristic profile, which is higher in the STN than in neighboring structures, and facilitates delineation of both the dorsal and ventral STN borders.
A new treatment for ischemic ulcers: foot bath therapy using high oxygen soluble fluid. (1989)

We devised a new treatment for ischemic ulcer in which the diseased foot is soaked in perfluorodecalin, a fluorocarbon. Pure oxygen bubbles emerge from the perfluorodecalin, and dissolved oxygen levels reach 35% by volume within 60 minutes. The solution is placed in a bath once or twice a day for 2-3 hours and pure oxygen is allowed to bubble through it (3-5 1/min). Nine patients were treated by this technique. Drugs which seemed to have an effect on ischemic ulcers were not used during the treatment. Ischemic ulcers in three patients (5 X 5 mm, 23 X 6 mm and 10 X 5 mm) healed completely within two weeks and there were no recurrences. In six patients, the ulcers showed 30-70% reductions in size within 4 to 14 days. Four of them later underwent arterial reconstruction, which resulted in complete healing of the ulcers. In two patients, the ulcers reverted to their former size 6 to 12 months after the cessation of perfluorodecalin bath therapy.
Spinel LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid for high rate lithium ion batteries (2011)

A well-crystallized and nano-sized spinel LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid cathode material for high rate lithium-ion batteries has been successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 30 min without any post heat-treatment. The nano-sized LiMn2O4 particles were evenly dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide template without agglomeration, which allows the inherent high active surface area of individual LiMn2O4 nanoparticles in the hybrid. These unique structural and morphological properties of LiMn2O4 on the highly conductive reduced graphene oxide sheets in the hybrid enable achieving the high specific capacity, an excellent high rate capability and stable cycling performance. An analysis of the cyclic voltammogram data revealed that a large surface charge storage contribution of the LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid plays an important role in achieving faster charge/discharge.
Wear Behaviour of New Generation Ceramics (2003)

The wear of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the major cause of aseptic loosening in total joint prostheses (6).
Tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and p42 during meiotic maturation of <i>Xenopus</i> oocyte: Antagonistic action of okadaic acid and 6-DMAP (1991)

The tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 was estimated by immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody during meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes. At the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), p34cdc2 is tyrosine dephosphorylated whereas a p42 protein, which might correspond to a MAP2 kinase, becomes tyrosine phosphorylated. No modification in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of either proteins was noticed during the whole maturation process from GVBD until metaphase II. When added to prophase oocytes, 6-DMAP (6-dimethyl-aminopurine) blocks GVBC, M-phase-promoting factor (MPF) activation and H1-histone, kinase activation induced by either progesterone, MPF transfer or okadaic acid microinjection. In each case, the tyrosine dephosphorylation reaction of p34cdc2 is inhibited. In meiosis I oocytes (just after the initiation of GVBD), 6-DMAP provokes the rephosphorylation of p34cdc2 on tyrosine residue(s), inactivation of MPF and H1-histone kinase and re-entry of the cell into an interphase-like state. These processes are reversible by simply removing the agent. In contrast to the observations in prophase oocytes, okadaic acid is able to reverse the inhibitory effect of 6-DMAP in meiosis I oocytes on MPF and H1-histone kinase activities and to initiate dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 on tyrosyl residue(s) even in the presence of 6-DMAP. Altogether, our results show that 6-DMAP and okadaic acid antagonistically control in vivo the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2.
Per-thread cycle accounting in SMT processors (2009)

This paper proposes a cycle accounting architecture for Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) processors that estimates the execution times for each of the threads had they been executed alone, while they are running simultaneously on the SMT processor. This is done by accounting each cycle to either a base, miss event or waiting cycle component during multi-threaded execution. Single-threaded alone execution time is then estimated as the sum of the base and miss event components; the waiting cycle component represents the lost cycle count due to SMT execution. The cycle accounting architecture incurs reasonable hardware cost (around 1KB of storage) and estimates single-threaded performance with average prediction errors around 7.2% for two-program workloads and 11.7% for four-program workloads.
Evaluation and characterization of the anthocyanin pigments in tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation and characterization of the anthocyanin pigments in tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.)Amitabh. Chandra, Muraleedharan G. Nair, and Amy. IezzoniCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 6, 967–969Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00018a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00018a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review (2016)

Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) belongs to the additive manufacturing technologies which are believed to revolutionise future industrial production. Starting from computer-aided designed data, components are built layer by layer within a powder bed by selectively melting the powder with a high power electron beam. In contrast to selective laser melting (SLM), which can be used for metals, polymers and ceramics, the application field of the electron beam is restricted to metallic components since electric conductivity is required. On the other hand, the electron beam works under vacuum conditions, can be moved at extremely high velocities and a high beam power is available. These features make SEBM especially interesting for the processing of high-performance alloys. The present review describes SEBM with special focus on the relationship between process characteristics, material consolidation and the resulting materials and component properties.
Genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Nigeria (1996)

A pilot survey of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Nigeria was carried out on healthy adult blood donors and children of preschool age. Sixteen of 200 (8%) donors were positive for antibodies using a second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but all of the children were negative. Supplementary testing of the ELISA-positives using a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-2) confirmed the presence of antibody in four and two others were indeterminate. Four of the anti-HCV-positive sera and one found positive by ELISA but which was negative by RIBA-2 were found to be positive for HCV RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and primers specific for the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the HCV genome. The NS5 and core regions also were amplified and the PCR products from all three regions were sequenced. Sequences from the 5'UTR could be divided into two groups: one group comprised three isolates with greater than 95% sequence identity with published sequences of genotype 1 and the other comprised two isolates with greater than 93% sequence identity with genotype 4. Analysis of three sequences amplified from the NS5 region confirmed this assignment to genotypes 1 and 4. Pairwise comparisons of the NS5 region sequences with representatives of 1a, 1b, 1c (for the first group) and 4a-4h (for the second group) show the first group to include subtypes classifiable as 1a and a novel sequence and the second group to include a novel sequence within genotype 4. Sequence analysis of the core region was consistent with this interpretation. These data confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria (genotypes 1 and 4) and we report two novel sequences which have been designated provisionally as genotypes 1d and 4i.
Angular distribution of the photofission fragments of<sup>237</sup>Np at threshold energy (1986)

The angular distributions of 237Np photofission fragments relative to the photon beam have been measured at energies of 5.60, 6.61 and 8.61 MeV, using an assembly of three independent fission chambers. The 2 MW IEA-R1 reactor at Sao Paulo was used to obtain the gamma -rays at these discrete energies following thermal neutron capture in dysprosium, titanium and nickel targets respectively. The experimental results show angular anisotropies of approximately 10% at 5.60 MeV and 6% at 6.61 MeV and an angular distribution practically isotropic ( approximately 2%) at 8.61 MeV.
Quantum Computation as Geometry (2006)

Quantum computers hold great promise for solving interesting computational problems, but it remains a challenge to find efficient quantum circuits that can perform these complicated tasks. Here we show that finding optimal quantum circuits is essentially equivalent to finding the shortest path between two points in a certain curved geometry. By recasting the problem of finding quantum circuits as a geometric problem, we open up the possibility of using the mathematical techniques of Riemannian geometry to suggest new quantum algorithms or to prove limitations on the power of quantum computers.
Multistage Multiantigen Heterologous Prime Boost Vaccine for<i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i>Malaria Provides Partial Protection in Rhesus Macaques (2001)

A nonhuman primate model for malaria vaccine development allowing reliable, stringent sporozoite challenge and evaluation of both cellular and antibody responses is needed. We therefore constructed a multicomponent, multistage DNA vaccine for the simian malaria species Plasmodium knowlesi including two preerythrocytic-stage antigens, the circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (PkSSP2), and two blood stage antigens, apical merozoite antigen 1 (PkAMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1 (PkMSP1p42), as well as recombinant canarypox viruses encoding the four antigens (ALVAC-4). The DNA vaccine plasmids expressed the corresponding antigens in vitro and induced antiparasite antibodies in mice. Groups of four rhesus monkeys received three doses of a mixture of the four DNA vaccine plasmids and a plasmid encoding rhesus granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, followed by boosting with a single dose of ALVAC-4. Three groups received the priming DNA doses by different routes, either by intramuscular needle injection, by intramuscular injection with a needleless injection device, the Biojector, or by a combination of intramuscular and intradermal routes by Biojector. Animals immunized by any route developed antibody responses against sporozoites and infected erythrocytes and against a recombinant PkCSP protein, as well as gamma interferon-secreting T-cell responses against peptides from PkCSP. Following challenge with 100 P. knowlesi sporozoites, 1 of 12 experimental monkeys was completely protected and the mean parasitemia in the remaining monkeys was significantly lower than that in 4 control monkeys. This model will be important in preclinical vaccine development.
Silica Aerogel for Protecting Stored Seed or Milled Cereal Products from Insects (1949)

Journal Article Silica Aerogel for Protecting Stored Seed or Milled Cereal Products from Insects Get access R. T. Cotton, R. T. Cotton U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Manhattan, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. C. Frankenfeld J. C. Frankenfeld U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Manhattan, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 42, Issue 3, 1 June 1949, Page 553, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/42.3.553 Published: 01 June 1949
Merging and sorting networks with the topology of the omega network (1989)

A class of comparator networks obtained from the omega permutation network by replacing each switch with a comparator exchanger of arbitrary direction is considered. These networks are all isomorphic to each other, have merging capabilities, and can be used as building blocks of sorting networks in ways different from the standard merge-sort scheme. It is shown that the bitonic and balanced mergers are members of the class. These two networks were not previously known to be isomorphic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>