gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of the expanding reflection spread (1962)

Abstract Techniques have been developed for the usefulness of the expanding reflection profile whose basic elements were described by Dix in 1955. Procedures have been established which make the shooting and interpretation of these expanding reflection spreads simpler and more reliable. Special presentations have been developed for the displaying of these profiles on record sections, and nonlinear paper has been designed for plotting the time-squared versus distance-squared graphs. The expanding spread is a valuable seismic tool and has numerous applications. It may be used for identification of reflections and multiples. From the true reflections, calculations can be made to present the normal velocity survey information, i.e., time, average velocity, and interval velocity versus depth. Among other uses is the determination of the normal moveout curve. Various types of presentations are used to display expanding spreads in record section form. Also, various noise and multiple problems are exhibited.
Wine and Headache (1996)

Headache can be induced by histamine in wine in patients suffering from histamine intolerance, a disease characterized by impaired histamine degradation based on reduced diamine oxidase activity or a lack of the enzyme. Diamine oxidase is localized in the jejunal mucosa and is the most important enzyme metabolising histamine. It is competitively inhibited by alcohol and numerous drugs. In preliminary investigations, assessment of diamine oxidase levels gave decreased activity (0.03 nKat/l) in patients with histamine intolerance compared to healthy controls (0.07 nKat/l). In pregnancy, diamine oxidase levels are known to be about 500-fold elevated, giving mean levels of 25.0 nKat/l. Other biogenic amines such as phenylethylamine or serotonin may be causative for wine/food-induced headache. In experimental models, headache has been induced by histamine infusion as well as red wine provocation. Histamine-induced headache is a vascular headache likely to be caused by nitric oxide which probably represents a key molecule in vascular headaches. A histamine-free diet is the treatment of choice for patients with histamine intolerance and chronic headache. To start treatment, an antihistamine (H1 blocker) for 14 days as well as a histamine-free diet for at least 4 weeks are recommended. Clinical improvement to the diet as well as in vitro tests for plasma histamine and diamine oxidase in the serum as well as vitamin B6 levels have to confirm the diagnosis. As supportive treatment, a vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate) substitution appears useful in histamine-intolerant patients as pyridoxal phosphate seems to be crucial for diamine oxidase activity. Histamine intolerance, based on reduced diamine oxidase activity or a lack in the enzyme is causative for wine/food-induced chronic headache. According to the localization of diamine oxidase in the jejunal mucosa, histamine intolerance is primarily a disease of intestinal origin. A histamine-free diet is the treatment of choice in histamine-intolerant patients suffering from chronic headache. In addition, it is also important to avoid diamine-oxidase-blocking drugs and alcohol which act as inhibitors of diamine oxidase. As avoidance of histamine-rich food is a simple, inexpensive and harmless treatment, histamine-containing food such as cheese and alcoholic beverages should be labeled.
The decline in synapses and cholinergic activity is asynchronous in Alzheimer’s disease (2000)

The results imply an asynchronous pattern of decline of synapses and cholinergic activity, with Syn loss preceding ChAT decrements. However, neither MF synapse reduction nor cholinergic dysfunction appears to be an early event in AD.
Proof of concept for low‐dose molecular breast imaging with a dual‐head CZT gamma camera. Part II. Evaluation in patients (2012)

Review of patient studies showed that registered optimized collimation and wide energy window resulted in a substantial gain in count sensitivity as previously indicated by phantom results. This proof of concept work indicates that MBI performed at administered doses of 296 MBq Tc-99 m sestamibi with the applied count sensitivity improvements permits the detection of small breast lesions in patients. Findings suggest that further reductions in acquisition duration or administered dose may be achievable.
Purification and Characterization of Glutamate 1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase from Barley Expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

The immediate precursor in the synthesis of tetrapyrroles is Delta-aminolevulinate (ALA). ALA is synthesized from glutamate in higher plants, algae, and certain bacteria. Glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (EC 5.4.3.8) (GSA-AT), the third enzyme involved in this metabolic pathway, catalyzes the transamination of GSA to form ALA. The gene encoding this aminotransferase has previously been isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and inserted into an Escherichia coli expression vector. We describe herein the purification of this recombinant barley GSA-AT expressed in Escherichia coli. Coexpression of GroEL and GroES is required for isolation of active aminotransferase from the soluble protein fraction of Escherichia coli. Purified GSA-AT exhibits absorption maxima characteristic of vitamin B(6)-containing enzymes. GSA-AT is primarily in the pyridoxamine form when isolated and can be interconverted between this and the pyridoxal form by addition of 4,5-dioxovalerate and 4,5-diaminovalerate. The conversion of GSA to ALA under steady-state conditions exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Values for K(m) (d,l-GSA) and k(cat) were determined to be 25 micromolar and 0.11 per second, respectively, by nonlinear regression analysis. Stimulation of ALA synthesis by increasing concentrations of d,l-GSA at various fixed concentrations of 4,5-diaminovalerate supports the hypothesis that 4,5-diaminovalerate is the intermediate in the synthesis of ALA.
Genes differentially expressed in medulloblastoma and fetal brain (1999)

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to identify genes that might be involved in the development or growth of medulloblastoma, a childhood brain tumor. Sequence tags from medulloblastoma (10229) and fetal brain (10692) were determined. The distributions of sequence tags in each population were compared, and for each sequence tag, pairwise chi2 test statistics were calculated. Northern blot was used to confirm some of the results obtained by SAGE. For 16 tags, the chi2 test statistic was associated with a P value < 10(-4). Among those transcripts with a higher expression in medulloblastoma were the genes for ZIC1 protein and the OTX2 gene, both of which are expressed in the cerebellar germinal layers. The high expression of these two genes strongly supports the hypothesis that medulloblastoma arises from the germinal layer of the cerebellum. This analysis shows that SAGE can be used as a rapid differential screening procedure.
1,3-Stereoinduction in Radical Reactions:  Radical Additions to Dialkyl 2-Alkyl-4-methyleneglutarates (2000)

Tin hydride-mediated radical additions to a series of α-methylene-glutarates 1, furnishing 2,4-dialkyl-substituted glutarates 3 are reported. The diastereoselectivity of hydrogen transfer to the intermediate adduct radicals 2, possessing a stereogenic center in γ-position, was disappointing in the temperature range of −78 to 80 °C. However, the reactions proved to be able to proceed with excellent 1,3-diastereoselectivities under chelation-controlled conditions, depending on the steric impacts of 2- and 4-alkyl substituents as well as on the ester−alkyl moiety and choice of Lewis acid. Using MgBr2·OEt2 as additive, syn-selectivities of 98:2 were achieved upon initial tert-butyl radical addition at −78 °C. High anti-diastereoselectivities were observed in the MgBr2·OEt2-controlled pathway at 70 °C when smaller alkyl radicals such as cyclohexyl, ethyl, and methyl were applied. Interesting and uncommon temperature dependences were observed in the temperature range of −78 to 100 °C, revealing strong entropic effects in the transition states. A model that accounts for the opposed stereochemical outcomes under chelation-controlled conditions is presented.
Carboxyl-catalyzed intramolecular aminolysis. Side reaction in solid-phase peptide synthesis (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxyl-catalyzed intramolecular aminolysis. Side reaction in solid-phase peptide synthesisB. F. Gisin and R. B. MerrifieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9, 3102–3106Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00764a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00764a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1176Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical Conductivity Change of Polyaniline-Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Complex with Temperature (1996)

Polyaniline–dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PAn–DBSA) complex was thermally treated and its conductivity and structure change were investigated. The conductivity increased linearly from 1.1 × 10−4 to 3.0 × 10−1 S/cm on thermal heating until 140°C, but decayed above 200°C. The increase was caused by an additional thermal doping resulting from an increasing mobility of undoped dopants. After the thermal doping, the formation of the layered structure of PAn–DBSA is made. The decrease was caused by the thermal decomposition of dopants. The conductivity changes at a high temperature was strongly dependent on the nature of the dopant. The results were confirmed by means of X-ray patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra obtained in the heating and cooling processes of polyaniline.
Bacterial peptidoglycan-derived molecules activate<i>Candida albicans</i>hyphal growth (2008)

Serum strongly induces the yeast-to-hypha growth transition in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, playing an important role in infection. However, identity of the serum inducer(s) and its sensor remain poorly defined. We used NMR to analyze the chromatographic serum fractionations enriched for the hypha-inducing activity and found structures resembling subunits of bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN). We then confirmed that several purified and synthetic muramyl dipeptides (MDPs), subunits of PGN, can indeed strongly promote C. albicans hyphal growth. Taking cue from the recognition of MDPs by the mammalian bacterial sensor Nod2 using its leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) domain, we discovered that MDPs activate the adenylyl cyclase Cyr1 by binding to its LRR domain. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is well known to control hyphal morphogenesis and other infection-related traits. Given the abundance of PGN at the large intestinal epithelial surface, a natural habitat and invasion site for C. albcians, our findings have important implications in the mechanisms of infection by this pathogen.
Photocatalysis of metal clusters in cages: effective photoactivation of the water gas shift reaction catalysed on NaY zeolite-entrapped Pt12 and Pt9 carbonyl clusters (1992)

Pt carbonyl clusters [Pt3(CO)6]n,2–(n= 3,4) in NaY zeolite pores are catalytically active for the water gas shift reaction (CO + H2O) at low temperatures, and exhibited effective photocatalysis for this reaction with a marked enhancement (ca. 38 times higher at 293 K) under illumination from a Xe lamp compared with the dark reaction.
High power quantum well lasers for fiber amplifier excitation (2003)

Recent progress of 1.48- mu m and 0.98- mu m-wavelength MQW-LDs (multiquantum-well laser diodes) is reported. High-power QW-LDs have been developed for fiber amplifier excitation. Low internal absorption loss in QW-LDs resulted in high-power CW (continuous wave) operation. Reliability tests at around 100-mW emitting conditions have been conducted with promising long-term operability in the 1.48- mu m MQW-LDs as well as in the 0.98- mu m strained MQW-LDs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications (2014)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. In fact, the WPT adopts the same basic theory which has already been developed for at least 30 years with the term inductive power transfer. WPT technology is developing rapidly in recent years. At kilowatts power level, the transfer distance increases from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency above 90%. The advances make the WPT very attractive to the electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both stationary and dynamic charging scenarios. This paper reviewed the technologies in the WPT area applicable to EV wireless charging. By introducing WPT in EVs, the obstacles of charging time, range, and cost can be easily mitigated. Battery technology is no longer relevant in the mass market penetration of EVs. It is hoped that researchers could be encouraged by the state-of-the-art achievements, and push forward the further development of WPT as well as the expansion of EV.
Structure-activity studies on phosphonoacetate (1985)

Phosphonoacetic acid is a selective antiherpesvirus agent. More than 100 congeners of phosphonoacetic acid were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to understand structure-activity relationships in the hope of designing a superior analog. Results showed that the antiherpesvirus activity had highly specific structural requirements. Neither the carboxylic nor the phosphono groups could be replaced. The distance between these two groups is important. Increase of this distance caused complete loss of activity. However, if this distance was maintained, the addition of groups to the methylene carbon resulted in a reduction, but not loss, of activity. On the other hand, decrease of the carbon chain to formic acid did not deteriorate its antiherpes activity. All analogs tested had lower activity than the parent compound. However, some compounds with decreased activity in vitro appeared to have favorable pharmacological properties in vivo.
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Terai forest of western Nepal (2012)

The high degree of consensus among the informants suggests that current use and knowledge are still strong, and thus the preservation of today's knowledge shows good foresight in acting before much has been lost. The connections between plant use and conservation are also important ones, especially as the authors note that neither the local inhabitants nor the government is addressing the potential loss of valuable species in this region.
CYP2C19 Genotype, Clopidogrel Metabolism, Platelet Function, and Cardiovascular Events (2011)

Although there was an association between the CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel responsiveness, overall there was no significant association of genotype with cardiovascular events.
Semaphorin 6A regulates angiogenesis by modulating VEGF signaling (2012)

Formation of new vessels during development and in the mature mammal generally proceeds through angiogenesis. Although a variety of molecules and signaling pathways are known to underlie endothelial cell sprouting and remodeling during angiogenesis, many aspects of this complex process remain unexplained. Here we show that the transmembrane semaphorin6A (Sema6A) is expressed in endothelial cells, and regulates endothelial cell survival and growth by modulating the expression and signaling of VEGFR2, which is known to maintain endothelial cell viability by autocrine VEGFR signaling. The silencing of Sema6A in primary endothelial cells promotes cell death that is not rescued by exogenous VEGF-A or FGF2, attributable to the loss of prosurvival signaling from endogenous VEGF. Analyses of mouse tissues demonstrate that Sema6A is expressed in angiogenic and remodeling vessels. Mice with null mutations of Sema6A exhibit significant defects in hyaloid vessels complexity associated with increased endothelial cell death, and in retinal vessels development that is abnormally reduced. Adult Sema6A-null mice exhibit reduced tumor, matrigel, and choroidal angiogenesis compared with controls. Sema6A plays important roles in development of the nervous system. Here we show that it also regulates vascular development and adult angiogenesis.
Distinguishing between a Driver and Passenger via a Silent Smartphone (2017)

This poster investigates the discrimination problem between car driver and car passengers using smartphones, which is critical to active safety enhancement and usage based insurance. The proposed system leverages a smartphone without the assistance of extra devices or resources, e.g., car speakers, bluetooth network, Internet or cloud. Specifically, our system builds a unsupervised machine learning platform on Android based smartphones, in which the data of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), i.e., gyro, accelerator, magnetometer, is taken as the input. With the attitude and trajectory data generated from the IMU measurement, the neural network extract the fundamental features of the spacial characteristics of driver and passengers during accelerating, deceleration, turning, starting, stopping, driving, based on which we may further distinguish driver and passengers. The experiments show that the proposed system is able to provide a classification accuracy over 95%, at a low false positive rate.
Zn-Proline catalyzed direct aldol reaction in aqueous mediaElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b301117h/ (2003)

Zn complexes of proline, lysine and arginine are efficient catalysts for the aldol addition of p-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone in aqueous medium, giving quantitative yields and enantiomeric excesses up to 56% with 5 mol% of the catalysts at room temperature.
Comparative description of growth, fat deposition, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Basque and Large White pigs (2005)

Characteristics of growth, fat deposition, carcass and meat quality of pigs from the Basque Black Pied breed were described and compared with those of Large White pigs. Four pens, two per breed, of eleven pigs born during the same two week period, were simultaneously fattened and slaughtered, under the same conditions. The experiment was carried out over a fixed duration (124 days) and slaughter was carried out at a fixed average age (202 days). Basque pigs showed lower growth and feed efficiency and higher backfat depth (2.6 vs. 1.7 cm, P < 0.001) than Large White pigs. The difference was especially noticeable in the middle subcutaneous fat layer (0.5 cm, P < 0.001). The meat of Basque pigs was darker, redder, more marbled, and with higher pH values than in Large White pigs. Differences in fatty acid composition were observed between breeds but they were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) because of high variability observed between animals. The Basque breed exhibited an early and higher adipose development and a higher activity of enzymes responsible for lipid synthesis than the Large White. The diameter of intramuscular adipose cells was larger in Basque (40.2 vs. 33.0 m, P < 0.001) than in Large White pigs. The results show the particular characteristics of the Basque breed as compared to pig lines highly selected for lean growth efficiency.
Sulfate supplementation of growing goats: effects on performance, acid-base balance, and nutrient digestibilities2 (1993)

Castrated male goat kids (20 Alpine, 12 Angora) were individually fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing 2.28% N and S (added as CaSO4) at either .11 (basal), .20, .28, or .38% of dietary DM. Sulfate supplementation during the 8-wk growth trial quadratically increased ADG (P < .05) and tended to increase quadratically the DMI (P < .07) of goats, with a peak value for the .20% S diet. Even when analyzed using DMI as a covariate, ADG was quadratically increased (P < .05) by added S. Sulfate supplementation linearly increased (P < .001) S intake, fecal S output, and S retention. Sulfate supplementation tended to increase quadratically (P < .06) the blood plasma concentration of L-lactate. However, sulfate supplementation did not significantly affect (P > .10) plasma sulfate, plasma cystine, ruminal ammonia N concentrations, or purine N content of isolated ruminal bacteria. Sulfate supplementation quadratically increased (P < .05) fractional N retention. Urinary output of uric acid increased quadratically (P < .01) with S supplementation, presumably reflecting ruminal bacterial protein synthesis. Calculated by regression, the optimal dietary S content for maximum ADG was .22% S (N:S = 10.4:1), for maximum DMI it was .24% S (N:S = 9.5: 1), for maximum N retention it was .23% (N:S = 9.9: 1), and for maximum absorbed N retained it was .22% (N:S = 10.4:1). These results support the current estimate of the S requirement of goats for growth (N:S = 10:1).
All-diamond micro-electrode arrays for neural recordings and diamond electrochemistry (2010)

This paper reports the successful fabrication and testing of all-diamond micro-electrode-arrays (MEAs) for use in neural recording and chemical detection applications using standard electrochemical methods. The MEAs have been tested through in vivo neural recordings. Also, electrochemical probes are reported using diamond as working and reference electrodes, achieving a potential window of about 4 V.
Direct transmission of pictorial information in multimode optical fibers* (1976)

The problem of coherent image transmission through a single multimode optical fiber is discussed. A scheme is presented for recovering the transmitted image after distortions brought about by the fiber modes dispersion. Realization of this scheme by holographic techniques and with lens systems is proposed, and its limitations pointed out. The application of this scheme in canceling out temporal signal dispersion in a multimode fiber transmission line is also discussed briefly.