gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mobile Software Model for Web-Based Learning Using Information Flow Diagram (IFD) (2017)

This paper presents the concepts of modeling, a structural design pattern for the mobile software application and technology of a Web-Based online learning. The instructional media design is extremely important for the design and development of educational systems based on software engineering principles and methods. There are several methods and models that are used in the system design. However, there will be no results to the best technique for a description of these systems, but have been designed to meet the needs. It is important to express a concept of the database and the flow of information at the same time in the design. The design shows the development of the system to work more easily. In addition, users understand the system and developers can flowlessly develop the system without the complexity. This paper presents our ideas to design and develop the structural design pattern of a mobile software application technology for Web-Based online learning system using Information Flow Diagram (IFD). It is a model of an application structural design, a prototype showing the mobile Web-Based learning. The Information Flow Diagram (IFD) diagram will be the main interactions with users and designers. The paper with focus on developing for the system requirements. System designers can more easily understand the overall system. Other than simplifying the design system our model can reduce the number of symbols and diagrams used. There are Interface Flow Diagrams (IntFD) describing the steps of a graphical interfaces in the system. This objective of our research is to understand the design of a mobile application software for a Web-Based learning system using Information Flow Diagram (IFD) model. The purpose is to introduce a new principle and a tool for designers and developers to develop systems comprehensively, easily and flawlessly. A case study of a mobile Web-Based is presented to substantiate our research work.
cobB function is required for catabolism of propionate in Salmonella typhimurium LT2: evidence for existence of a substitute function for CobB within the 1,2-propanediol utilization (pdu) operon (1996)

The cobB function of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was defined in vivo as an alternative activity for the nicotinic acid mononucleotide:5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme (CobT), which is involved in the assembly of the nucleotide loop of cobalamin in this bacterium (J. R. Trzebiatowski, G. A. O'Toole, and J. C. Escalante-Semerena, J. Bacteriol. 176:3568-3575, 1994). In this paper we document that, independent of their inability to substitute for CobT function, cobB mutants are unable to use propionate as a carbon and energy source. A plasmid carrying only a wild-type copy of cobB complemented the cobalamin biosynthesis and propionate catabolism phenotypes of cobB mutants, indicating that a lack of CobB was responsible for both phenotypes. We demonstrate the existence of a function encoded by the 1,2-propanediol utilization (pdu) operon, which when induced by 1,2-propanediol compensated for the lack of CobB during propionate catabolism but failed to compensate for CobT in the assembly of the nucleotide loop of cobalamin in a cobB cobT double mutant.
[Clinical study on unmodified intravenous dried ion-exchange resin treated human normal immunoglobulin, SM-4300]. (1985)

Unmodified intravenous dried ion-exchange resin treated human normal immunoglobulin, SM-4300, was administered to 4 patients with severely intractable infectious diseases. Obvious antipyretic effect, opsonic effect and and investigational findings on healing are not observed. However, in both subjective and objective clinical effects, we obtained the following test results, that is, 1 case of effective and 2 cases of rather effective. No side effects by SM-4300 were observed.
Response to combination therapy after relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (1972)

The objective of this study was to determine in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) whether prolonged remission could be attained following relapse from prior chemotherapy. Multiple agent chemotherapy and central nervous system radiotherapy were administered to 16 children who had had one or more relapses. With prednisone, vincristine, and daunomycin, 14 of 16 patients attained complete remission in a median time of 31 days. The median duration of complete remission for the 14 children was 12 months. Drug toxicity and morbidity secondary to therapy included pancytopenia, oral ulcerations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and potentially fatal infections. Five of the 14 who achieved remission developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Patients who had relapsed during prior unmaintained remission had superior responses to therapy. After 46 to 50 months in this study, three patients remain in continuous complete remission and two others remain in continuous hematologic remission. Therapy was stopped in four children after 36 months of continuous hematologic remission. These results suggest that children with ALL who experience relapse have an opportunity for a prolonged subsequent remission.
Breastfeeding, the immune response, and long-term health. (2006)

Breastfeeding provides unsurpassed natural nutrition to the newborn and infant. Human breast milk also contains numerous protective factors against infectious disease and may influence immune system development, as noted in previous studies of infant response to vaccination and thymus gland development. If immune system development is significantly improved with the introduction of components of breast milk, then prematurely discontinued breastfeeding may facilitate pathogenesis of many chronic diseases later in life (eg, autoimmune disorders). The authors summarize the reported effects of breastfeeding on the development of the suckling infant's immune system and discuss possible consequences to immunologic health when breastfeeding is discontinued prematurely.
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis (2012)

The endocannabinoid system and cannabimimetic compounds protect against effects of allergic inflammatory disorders in various species of mammals. Results of the present study contributed to knowledge of the endocannabinoid system and indicated this system may be a target for treatment of immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders such as allergic skin diseases in dogs.
Peer Reviewed: A Subcellular Imaging by Dynamic SIMS Ion Microscopy. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: A Subcellular Imaging by Dynamic SIMS Ion Microscopy.By imaging isotopes, the transport of ions, molecules, and therapeutic drugs can be studies in single cells.Subhash Chandra, Duane R. Smith, and George H. MorrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 3, 104 A–114 APublication Date (Web):February 1, 2000Publication History Published online1 February 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac002716ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac002716inewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1616Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (16 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Imaging,Ions,Microscopy Get e-Alerts
High-speed, low-voltage complementary heterostructure FET circuit technology (2002)

A III-V complementary heterostructure FET circuit technology which offers high-speed at low supply voltages has been demonstrated. This circuit technology is based on the vertical integration of p-channel quantum-well FETs with n-channel FETs fabricated in the underlying layers of a single-growth AlGaAs-GaAs structure. Key features of the p-FET heterostructure design and fabrication technology are discussed, and results on the electrical characteristics and the performance of high-speed ring oscillator circuits are presented. Delays of 144 and 59 ps are obtained in 0.8 and 0.5 mu m gate-length circuits at a 1.25 V supply, which are the fastest speeds yet reported for room-temperature complementary heterostructure FET circuits at low supply voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The enigma of Mayer waves: Facts and models (2005)

Mayer waves are oscillations of arterial pressure occurring spontaneously in conscious subjects at a frequency lower than respiration (approximately 0.1 Hz in humans). Mayer waves are tightly coupled with synchronous oscillations of efferent sympathetic nervous activity and are almost invariably enhanced during states of sympathetic activation. For this reason, the amplitude of these oscillations has been proposed as a surrogate measure of sympathetic activity, although in the absence of a clear knowledge of their underlying physiology. Some studies have suggested that Mayer waves result from the activity of an endogenous oscillator located either in the brainstem or in the spinal cord. Other studies, mainly based on the effects of sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation, have challenged this view. Several models of dynamic arterial pressure control have been developed to predict Mayer waves. In these models, it was anticipated that the numerous dynamic components and fixed time delays present in the baroreflex loop would result in the production of a resonant, self-sustained oscillation of arterial pressure. Recent analysis of the various transfer functions of the rat baroreceptor reflex suggests that Mayer waves are transient oscillatory responses to hemodynamic perturbations rather than true feedback oscillations. Within this frame, the amplitude of Mayer waves would be determined both by the strength of the triggering perturbations and the sensitivity of the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor reflex.
Multi-timescale measurements of brain responses in visual cortex during functional stimulation using time-resolved spectroscopy (2005)

Studies of neurovascular coupling (hemodynamic changes and neuronal activation) in the visual cortex using a time-domain single photon counting system have been undertaken. The system operates in near infrared (NIR) range of spectrum and allows functional brain monitoring to be done non-invasively. The detection system employs a photomultiplier and multi-channel scaler to detect and record emerging photons with sub-microsecond resolution (the effective collection time per curve point is ~ 200 ns). Localisation of the visual evoked potentials in the brain was done using knowledge obtained from electroencephalographic (EEG) studies and previous frequency-domain optical NIR spectroscopic systems. The well-known approach of visual stimulation of the human brain, which consists of an alternating black and white checkerboard pattern used previously for the EEG study of neural responses, is applied here. The checkerboard pattern is synchronized with the multi-channel scaler system and allows the analysis of time variation in back-scattered light, at different stimulation frequencies. Slow hemodynamic changes in the human brain due to Hb-HbO<sub>2</sub> changes in the blood flow were observed, which is evidence of the system's capability to monitor these changes. Monocular visual tests were undertaken and compared with those done with an EEG system. In some subjects a fast optical response on a time scale commensurate with the neural activity associated with the visual cortex was detected. Future work will concentrate on improved experimental protocols and apparatus to confirm the existence of this important physiological signal.
Treating both wastewater and excess sludge with an innovative process. (2003)

The innovative process consists of biological unit for wastewater treatment and ozonation unit for excess sludge treatment. An aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to remove organics and nitrogen, and an anaerobic reactor was added to the biological unit for the release of phosphorus contained at aerobic sludge to enhance the removal of phosphorus. For the excess sludge produced in the MBR, which was fed to ozone contact column and reacted with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to the MBR for further biological treatment. Experimental results showed that this process could remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN and TP were 93.17%, 97.57%, 82.77% and 79.5%, respectively. Batch test indicated that the specific nitrification rate and specific denitrification rate of the MBR were 1.03 mg NH3-N/(gMLSS x h) and 0.56 mg NOx-N/(gMLSS x h), and denitrification seems to be the rate-limiting step. Under the test conditions, the sludge concentration in the MBR was kept at 5000-6000 mg/L, and the wasted sludge was ozonated at an ozone dosage of 0.10 kgO3/kgSS. During the experimental period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero withdrawal of excess sludge was implemented. Through economic analysis, it was found that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and excess sludge was only 0.045 RMB Yuan (USD 0.0054)/m3 wastewater.
Distribution and Keratolytic Effect of Salicylic Acid and Urea in Human Skin (1995)

Salicylic acid (SA) and urea are widely used in topical preparations. Using a simple tape stripping technique the effect on the binding forces within the stratum corneum and the skin absorption of SA and urea were studied. The degree of stratum corneum removal was recorded by measuring the transmission through the tape with a digital light-measuring instrument. With successive stripping of the skin the amount of tissue adhering to the tape decreased. Exposure of the upper arm to 2% SA for 6 h increased the skin material on the tape strips significantly. No significant increase was recorded after 3-hour exposure, or after exposure to 0.5% SA. Neither did the exposure to 10% urea for 3 or 6 h influence the amount of skin adhering to the tape significantly. Radiochemical analyses showed that the amount of SA and urea in each of the first 6 tape strips was about 5-15 micrograms/cm2. This technique provides a useful tool to evaluate the binding forces within the stratum corneum in relation to absorption of topically applied substances.
Antibodies Reacting with Steroid Haptens (1964)

Summary Rabbits were immunized with conjugates of cholanic acid-albumin and of cholesterol-albumin. The antisera obtained reacted with 9 and failed to react with 5 of the 14 different steroids tested. The possible biologic significance of antisteroid antibodies is discussed.
Direct measurements of compressive and tensile strain during shock breakout by use of subnanosecond x-ray diffraction (1990)

Shock waves of order 100 kbar were launched into 50-μm-thick single crystals of silicon (111) by irradiation with nanosecond pulses of 1.05-μm laser light at irradiances in the region of 2×1010 W cm−2. A separate laser beam, synchronous but delayed with respect to the shock-driving beam, and containing approximately 25 J of 0.53-μm laser light in a pulse of 1 ns (FWHM), was focused to a tight (&lt;100 μm) spot on a separate titanium target to produce a plasma which was a prolific source of He-like Ti x rays. The x rays were Bragg diffracted from the rear surface of the shocked crystal and the spectrum recorded on an x-ray streak camera. Changes in interatomic spacings in a region within several microns of the surface were thus deduced from the resultant shift in Bragg angle with a temporal resolution of 50 ps. Shock waves with compressions of order 6% were observed. We observed the crystal in a state of dynamic tension as the two rarefaction waves met. The results are in good agreement with hydrocode simulations in conjunction with x-ray diffraction calculations.
Why should i share? examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice (2005)

Electronic networks of practice are computer-mediated discussion forums focused on problems of practice that enable individuals to exchange advice and ideas with others based on common interests. However, why individuals help strangers in these electronic networks is not well understood: there is no immediate benefit to the contributor, and free-riders are able to acquire the same knowledge as everyone else. To understand this paradox, we apply theories of collective action to examine how individual motivations and social capital influence knowledge contribution in electronic networks. This study reports on the activities of one electronic network supporting a professional legal association. Using archival, network, survey, and content analysis data, we empirically test a model of knowledge contribution. We find that people contribute their knowledge when they perceive that it enhances their professional reputations, when they have the experience to share, and when they are structurally embedded in the network. Surprisingly, contributions occur without regard to expectations of reciprocity from others or high levels of commitment to the network.
[Synthesis and choleretic activity of 3-(2-aryl-5R-benzimidazol-1-yl) butanoic acids]. (1987)

Thirty 3-(2-aryl-5R-benzimidazol-1-yl)butanoic acids were prepared in order to evaluate substitution effects on the 2 and 5 positions of the heterocyclic ring upon the previously recorded choleretic activity of 3-(2-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)butanoic acid. A general choleretic activity is shown by the acids tested, which in several cases it is superior to that of the model compound and sometimes also to that of dehydrocholic acid.
Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Amination of Phenol Derivatives with Assistance of Phenanthroline-Based Bidentate Auxiliary (2019)

A copper-catalyzed regioselective direct amination of phenol derivatives with diarylamines via phenanthroline-based bidentate auxiliary-directed C–H cleavage has been developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly with only a copper salt and air as a terminal oxidant to produce the corresponding o-aminophenols in good yields. Moreover, the directing group can be easily attached, detached, and recycled. Additionally, preliminary computational studies of the reaction with DFT have also been performed.
Electrophoretic Patterns of Porcine Uterine Protein Secretions during the Estrous Cycle12 (1972)

Porcine uterine protein secretions collected by flushing uteri of gilts on Days 2–18 and Day 20 of the estrous cycle were studied using acrylamide gel disk electrophoresis. Protein components showed similar electrophoretic patterns on Days 2–11. Beginning on Day 12 there were additional protein bands in an area (Ma/b values of 0.730–0.950) where none had previously been observed. By Days 14–16 there were a total of six protein bands not present on Days 2–11 with Ma/b values of 0.910,0.840, 0.800, 0.740,0.190, and 0.180 when albumin was 1.0000. In addition, a protein having a natural lavender color was present on Days 12–16 which migrated toward the cathode at pH 8.0. The protein bands at 0.840, 0.740 and the lavender protein were PAS-positive. The six protein bands which migrated toward the anode were eluted as a single protein fraction using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and had an estimated average molecular weight of 20,000. The lavender protein had an estimated molecular weight of 45,000. These data indicate the cyclic nature of porcine uterine protein secretory pattern and provide further characterization of the protein components of porcine uterine secretions.
Demonstration of the cold sintering process study for the densification and grain growth of ZnO ceramics (2016)

Abstract With the cold sintering process ( CSP ), it was found that adding acetic acid to an aqueous solution dramatically changed both the densities and the grain microstructures of the ZnO ceramics. Bulk densities >90% theoretical were realized below 100°C, and the average conductivity of CSP samples at around 300°C was similar to samples conventionally sintered at 1400°C. Frequently, ZnO is also used as a model ceramic system for fundamental studies for sintering. By the same procedure as the grain growth of the conventional sintering, the kinetic grain growth exponent of the CSP samples was determined as N =3, and the calculated activated energy of grain growth was 43 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that reported using conventional sintering. The evidence for grain growth under the CSP is important as it indicates that there is a genuine sintering process being activated at these low temperatures and it is beyond a pressurized densification process.
Static Object Detection Based on a Dual Background Model and a Finite-State Machine (2011)

Detecting static objects in video sequences has a high relevance in many surveillance applications, such as the detection of abandoned objects in public areas. In this paper, we present a system for the detection of static objects in crowded scenes. Based on the detection of two background models learning at different rates, pixels are classified with the help of a finite-state machine. The background is modelled by two mixtures of Gaussians with identical parameters except for the learning rate. The state machine provides the meaning for the interpretation of the results obtained from background subtraction; it can be implemented as a look-up table with negligible computational cost and it can be easily extended. Due to the definition of the states in the state machine, the system can be used either full automatically or interactively, making it extremely suitable for real-life surveillance applications. The system was successfully validated with several public datasets.
Governing Equations for Vibrating Constrained-Layer Damping Sandwich Plates and Beams (1972)

For constrained-layer damping a simple differential equation for nonsymmetric sandwich plates or beams made of isotropic and homogeneous layers is deduced. The natural boundary conditions associated with this equation are also derived. Typical numerical results are presented including a preliminary comparison with experiment.
Particle‐Arrayed Silver Mesocubes Synthesized via Reducing Silver Oxide Mesocrystals for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

In this study, we demonstrate an easy particle‐mediated protocol using the specific structure of mesocrystal Ag 2 O sacrificial templates to synthesize highly rough‐cubic Ag mesocages. To the best of our knowledge, the mesocrystal particles are reported for the first time as sacrificial templates for synthesizing metal particles. The obtained Ag mesocages show high surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity because of the highly rough topography formed by arrays of uniform individual Ag nanoparticles. Abundant “hot spots” with greatly enhanced local electromagnetic field are promoted densely on the mesocage surface by the plenty of deep and narrow gaps and the hollow structure. The single‐particle SERS signal generated by the Ag mesocage has an enhancement factor of approximately 10 9 , which is approximately four times higher than the Ag mesocage synthesized using single‐crystal Ag 2 O particle as a template. Meanwhile, this signal displays a linear dependence on the detected analyte concentration, sensitively down to 1.0 × 10 −12 m .