gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Oxygen Barrier Materials Based on Hyperbranched Aliphatic Polyesters (2009)

This work explored commercially available Boltorn™ dendritic hydroxylated aliphatic esters to provide a new material platform for development of high oxygen barrier biodegradable films and coatings. Improved mechanical behavior was achieved via covalent linking of dendritic molecules using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. This report encompasses the information on structure, thermal, mechanical, oxygen barrier, and biodegradation behavior of pure and network systems.
Age-Related Testosterone Depletion and the Development of Alzheimer Disease (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Conformation of double-stranded DNA during agarose gel electrophoresis: fractionation of linear and circular molecules with molecular weights between 3 .times. 106 and 26 .times. 106 (1984)

To answer several questions concerning the mechanisms of DNA fractionation during agarose gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic mobility (mu) of double-stranded DNA has been measured as a function of (1) DNA topological conformation (linear, open circular, closed circular) and molecular weight (Mr) (molecular weights were between 2.9 X 10(6) and 26.4 X 10(6)), (2) gel concentration (A) and temperature, and (3) voltage gradient. It was found that mu extrapolated to an A of 0 (mu 0') was independent of DNA conformation. The effect of temperature was to raise values of mu 0' in inverse proportion to buffer viscosity. Semilogarithmic mu vs. A plots for linear DNAs had curvature that was opposite to the curvature for spherical particles (plots for linear DNA were concave). As A approached 0, the plots became increasingly linear. For the larger DNAs, the negative slope (KR) in the region of linearity was decreased as voltage gradient increased. These and other data indicate deformation of linear DNA random coils during agarose gel electrophoresis. The data suggest both an asymmetric and a symmetric collapse of linear DNA random coils during agarose gel electrophoresis. However, end-first migration of linear DNA, previously suggested by others, does not explain the data. The semilogarithmic mu vs. A plots were more linear for closed and open circular DNAs than they were for linear DNAs. Closed circular DNAs had KR's lower than KR's of either open circular or linear DNAs of the same molecular weight. At the lower voltage gradients, open circular DNA had the same KR as linear DNA of the same molecular weight. However, as voltage gradient and molecular weight increased, the KR of open circular DNA became smaller than the KR of linear DNA (of the same molecular weight). This and the concave curvature of semilogarithmic mu vs. A plots for linear DNA resulted in a previously unreported reversal of the relative migration of linear and open circular DNAs as A increased.
Gastroscopy... Japanese style (2006)

During my earlier years as an endoscopy nurse, I saw many gastric cancers diagnosed. However, it wasn′t until I became an upper gastrointestinal clinical nurse specialist that I realized the dismal outcome for most of these patients. I wanted to know how we could find these cancers earlier and improve the outcome for patients. It was this wish which led me to the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Tokyo last year. The NCC is recognized as one of best cancer centres in the world. In fact, I was lucky enough to win the Heyman Award travel scholarship donated by Sir Horace and Lady Heyman, which enables nurses to travel to other countries and exchange best practice knowledge.
b-Adjacent Error Correction (1970)

A high-speed method is derived for single-symbol error correcting Reed-Solomon and Hamming type codes. A matrix description is used for implementation of the codes, in which single-error correction in the Galois field 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sup> corresponds to correcting a block of b bits in a binary field. The resulting codes correct not only single-bit errors but also single clusters of b-adjacent-bit errors.
The Development of the Asymmetric Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Reaction (2007)

Abstract This review collates the literature to date on the development of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction into an important chromium‐mediated, carbon‐carbon bond forming process. The initial research employed stoichiometric quantities of chromium and this was exploited in the key steps of a range of total syntheses. Thereafter, the NHK reaction was further developed with the discovery of the catalytic variant. The focus of recent investigations is on the application of this reaction in asymmetric synthesis. The asymmetric NHK typically employed a range of salen‐ and oxazoline‐derived chiral ligands and tethered bis(8‐quinolinato)‐chromium complexes. To date, good to high enantioselectivities have been obtained in a variety of NHK‐type processes, including allylation, crotylation, methallylation, allenylation, propargylation and vinylation of a range of aldehydes, with limited examples employing ketones as substrates. Selected examples of the asymmetric NHK in total synthesis will also be described.
Case 6-1991 (1991)

A 27-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of Hodgkin's disease and a right adrenal mass.The patient was well until 2 1/2 months earlier, when she began to experience fatigue and a low-grade fever, with the temperature ranging as high as 37.6°C. Two months before admission pharyngitis developed, with cervical lymphadenopathy. One month before entry laboratory tests performed elsewhere showed that the urine was normal. The hematocrit was 34.9 percent, the white-cell count 6300, the platelet count 576,000, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate 86 mm per hour. The urea nitrogen was 5.7 mmol per liter (16 mg per . . .
Regulated phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) (1999)

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has an intriguing feature in its carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) that consists of multiple repeats of an evolutionary conserved motif of seven amino acids. CTD phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in controlling mRNA synthesis and maturation. In exponentially growing cells, the phosphate turnover on the CTD is fast; it is blocked by common inhibitors of transcription, such as 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole and actinomycin D. Transcription-independent changes in CTD phosphorylation are observed at critical developmental stages, such as meiosis and early development.
The secondary electron emission yield for 24 solid elements excited by primary electrons in the range 250–5000 ev: a theory/experiment comparison (2008)

The secondary electron (SE) yield, delta, was measured from 24 different elements at low primary beam energy (250-5,000 eV). Surface contamination affects the intensity of delta but not its variation with primary electron energy. The experiments suggest that the mean free path of SEs varies across the d bands of transition metals in agreement with theory. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that surface plasmons may need to be included for improved agreement with experiment.
LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies of incorporation of 34SO3 into glycosaminoglycan chains by sulfotransferases (2013)

The specificities of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) modification enzymes, particularly sulfotransferases, and the locations and concentrations of these enzymes in the Golgi apparatus give rise to the mature GAG polysaccharides that bind protein ligands. We studied the substrate specificities of sulfotransferases with a stable isotopically labeled donor substrate, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. The sulfate incorporated by in vitro sulfation using recombinant sulfotransferases was easily distinguished from those previously present on the GAG chains using mass spectrometry. The enrichment of the [M + 2] isotopic peak caused by (34)S incorporation, and the [M + 2]/[M + 1] ratio, provided reliable and sensitive measures of the degree of in vitro sulfation. It was found that both CHST3 and CHST15 have higher activities at the non-reducing end (NRE) units of chondroitin sulfate, particularly those terminating with a GalNAc monosaccharide. In contrast, both NDST1 and HS6ST1 showed lower activities at the NRE of heparan sulfate (HS) chains than at the interior of the chain. Contrary to the traditional view of HS biosynthesis processes, NDST1 also showed activity on O-sulfated GlcNAc residues.
The Effect of Oxygen on Biochemical Networks and the Evolution of Complex Life (2006)

The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and ensuing oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere represent a major transition in the history of life. Although many organisms retreated to anoxic environments, others evolved to use oxygen as a high-potential redox couple while concomitantly mitigating its toxicity. To understand the changes in biochemistry and enzymology that accompanied adaptation to O2, we integrated network analysis with information on enzyme evolution to infer how oxygen availability changed the architecture of metabolic networks. Our analysis revealed the existence of four discrete groups of networks of increasing complexity, with transitions between groups being contingent on the presence of key metabolites, including molecular oxygen, which was required for transition into the largest networks.
Robust Pixel-Level Crack Detection Using Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

This paper introduces the idea of using deep fully convolutional neural networks for pixel-level defect detection in concrete infrastructure systems. Although coarse patch-level deep learning crack detection models abound in the literature and have shown promise, the coarse level of detail provided, together with the requirement for fixed-size input images, significantly detract from their applicability and usefulness for refined damage analysis. The deep fully convolutional model for crack detection introduced in this paper (CrackPix) leverages well-known image classification architectures for dense predictions by transforming their fully connected layers into convolutional filters. A transposed convolution layer is then used to upsample and resize the resulting prediction heatmap to the size of the input images, thus providing pixel-level predictions. To develop and train these models, a concrete crack image data set was collected and carefully annotated at the pixel level and was then used to train the model. Sensitivity analysis showed that CrackPix was capable of correctly detecting over 92% of crack pixels and 99.9% of noncrack pixels in the validation set. The model performance was then compared against a state-of-the-art patchwise model, as well as traditional edge detection and adaptive thresholding alternatives, and its advantages were illustrated. The success of CrackPix, which enables the quantification of crack characteristics (e.g., width and length) in concrete structures, provides a key step toward automated inspection and quality assurance for infrastructure in future smart cities.
DeepRetinotopy: Predicting the Functional Organization of Human Visual Cortex from Structural MRI Data using Geometric Deep Learning (2020)

Whether it be in a man-made machine or a biological system, form and function are often directly related. In the latter, however, this particular relationship is often unclear due to the intricate nature of biology. Here we developed a geometric deep learning model capable of exploiting the actual structure of the cortex to learn the complex relationship between brain function and anatomy from structural and functional MRI data. Our model was not only able to predict the functional organization of human visual cortex from anatomical properties alone, but it was also able to predict nuanced variations across individuals.
내재된 층간분리의 크기 및 위치 변화에 대한 3차원 복합소재 적층 구조의 자유 진동 특성 (2012)

본 연구에서는 고체요소를 사용하여 내재된 층간분리의 크기 및 위치 변화에 대한 복합소재 적층구조의 자유진동 특성을 분석한다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 3차원 유한요소 모델은 기존의 접근 방법에 비하여 정확성 뿐만 아니라 전체 진동 모드를 보여준다는 점에서 장점을 갖는다. ABAQUS가 적용된 유한요소 모델은 다양한 내재된 층간분리를 포함하는 적층구조의 자유진동을 분석하기 위하여 사용되었다. 도출된 수치해석 결과는 기존의 연구결과와 비교하여 잘 일치함을 보였다. 특히, 본 연구에서 제시한 결과는 층간분리의 크기, 길이-두께의 비율, 그리고 층간분리의 위치변화에 대하여 국부 진동 모드에 미치는 중요한 영향들에 대하여 초점을 둔다.
Comparison of operative time between robotic and laparoscopic myomectomy for removal of numerous myomas (2020)

RM showed a similar operative time relative to LM regardless of the number of myomas removed (numerous or not).
The rate-determining step in pepsin-catalysed reactions, and evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate (1969)

To delineate further the pathway of pepsin-catalysed reactions, three types of experiments were performed: (a) the enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of a number of di- and tri-peptide substrates was studied with a view to observing the rate-determining breakdown of a common intermediate; (b) the interaction of pepsin with several possible substrates for which ;burst' kinetics might be expected was investigated; (c) attempts were made to trap a possible acyl-enzyme intermediate with [(14)C]methanol in both a hydrolytic reaction (with N-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanylglycine) and in a ;virtual' reaction (with N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine) under conditions where extensive hydrolysis or (18)O exchange is known to occur. It is concluded that (i) intermediates in pepsin-catalysed reactions (aside from the Michaelis complex) occur subsequently to the rate-determining transition state, and (ii) an acyl-enzyme intermediate, if such is formed, cannot be trapped with [(14)C]methanol in these systems.
Comparative reconstruction in Romance syntax (1968)

Abstract Although not always openly acknowledging that they do so, scholars in Romance linguistics have, ever since Diez' time, practised comparative reconstruction in phonology and morphology. 1 Cf. the discussion in my “The Reconstruction of Proto-Romance”, Language XXVI (1950), pp. 6-27, and “On Realism in Reconstruction”, ibid. XXXVI (1960), pp. 203-206. The most recent example of failure to recognize the basis on which historical Romance linguistics operates is in the egregious remarks of M. A. Pei in Romanic Review LVI (1965), pp. 60-62. In other fields, the validity and usefulness of reconstructive procedures has long been recognized. In mathematics, the classic example is the reconstruction of the lost books of Apollonius of Perga on conic sections, made by Vincenzo Viviani (1622–1703) and published in his De maximis et minimis geometrica derivatio in quintum Conicorum Apollonii Pergaei adhuc desideratum (1659), verified soon thereafter by the publication in 1661 of the original, known through an Arabic translation. Cf. the remarks of Et[tore] B[ortolotti] in the Enciclopedia Italiana XXXV, p. 529: “... si potè constatare la sostanziale corrispondenza con quella che il V., con mirabile intuito geometrico, aveva ricostruito, conservando, anche nella forma espositiva e nell'ordinamento logico della materia, il rigore classico”. Thus, one reconstructs, for example, a nine-vowel system for Proto-Romance, or a set of verbal forms, e.g. in the present tense for ‘to wish’, . Neither in Romance nor in other fields has this type of reconstruction been practised on the syntactic level, especially in the last hundred or so years. In the earlier years of Indo-European comparative reconstruction, scholars were not so timid, and it is well known that August Schleicher reconstructed an entire fable in his version of Proto-Indo-European. 2 Cf. H. Pedersen, Linguistic Science in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass., 1931), pp.268-269. Unfortunately, soon after Schleicher's time, it became evident that his reconstruction of I-E phonology was not satisfactory; from this, it was concluded, rather illogically, that the reconstruction of texts must be an inadmissible procedure. So strong has prejudice been against the reconstruction of utterances longer than a single word, that W. Ph. Lehmann, in setting up the I-E sentence ‘the cow comes’, was very apologetic about doing so. 3 Language XXXIV (1958), p. 188.
Fabrication of quantum point contacts by engraving GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with a diamond tip (2002)

We use the all-diamond tip of an atomic force microscope for the direct engraving of high-quality quantum point contacts in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The processing time is shortened by two orders of magnitude compared to standard silicon tips. Together with a reduction of the line width to below 90 nm, the depletion length of insulating lines is reduced by a factor of two with the diamond probes. The such fabricated defect-free ballistic constrictions show well-resolved conductance plateaus and the 0.7 anomaly in electronic transport measurements. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams subject to distributed loading (1970)

Synopsis The shear reinforcement of beams su~iected to uniformly distributed loading, constituting a most important design case, is specified in Codes of Practice and has been treated theoretically on the basis of evidence derived from point load tests. In order to provide some direct evidence on the amount of web reinforcement required for the attainment of flexural capacity, eleven beams with varying spans and web reinforcement were tested. The results are compared with theoretical predictions and with British and American Codes of Practice.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Swedish-Born Icelandic Horses (2015)

Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most common allergic skin disease in horses and is caused by biting midges, mainly of the genus Culicoides. The disease predominantly comprises a type I hypersensitivity reaction, causing severe itching and discomfort that reduce the welfare and commercial value of the horse. It is a multifactorial disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with heritability ranging from 0.16 to 0.27 in various horse breeds. The worldwide prevalence in different horse breeds ranges from 3% to 60%; it is more than 50% in Icelandic horses exported to the European continent and approximately 8% in Swedish-born Icelandic horses. To minimize the influence of environmental effects, we analyzed Swedish-born Icelandic horses to identify genomic regions that regulate susceptibility to IBH. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study on 104 affected and 105 unaffected Icelandic horses genotyped using Illumina® EquineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip. Quality control and population stratification analyses were performed with the GenABEL package in R (λ = 0.81). The association analysis was performed using the Bayesian variable selection method, Bayes C, implemented in GenSel software. The highest percentage of genetic variance was explained by the windows on X chromosomes (0.51% and 0.36% by 73 and 74 mb), 17 (0.34% by 77 mb), and 18 (0.34% by 26 mb). Overlapping regions with previous GWA studies were observed on chromosomes 7, 9, and 17. The windows identified in our study on chromosomes 7, 10, and 17 harbored immune system genes and are priorities for further investigation.
Non-intrusive monitoring and service adaptation for WS-BPEL (2008)

Web service processes currently lack monitoring and dynamic (runtime) adaptation mechanisms. In highly dynamic processes, services frequently need to be exchanged due to a variety of reasons. In this paper we present VieDAME, a system which allows monitoring of BPEL processes according to Quality of Service (QoS) attributes and replacement of existing partner services based on various (pluggable) replacement strategies. The chosen replacement services can be syntactically or semantically equivalent to the BPEL interface. Services can be automatically replaced during runtime without any downtime of the overall system. We implemented our solution with an aspect-oriented approach by intercepting SOAP messages and allow services to be exchanged during runtime with little performance penalty costs, as shown in our experiments, thereby making our approach suitable for high-availability BPEL environments.
Spatially selective release of aptamer‐captured cells by temperature mediation (2014)

Isolation of cells from heterogeneous biological samples is critical in both basic biological research and clinical diagnostics. Affinity-based methods, such as those that recognise cells by binding antibodies to cell membrane biomarkers, can be used to achieve specific cell isolation. Microfluidic techniques have been employed to achieve more efficient and effective cell isolation. By employing aptamers as surface-immobilised ligands, cells can be easily released and collected after specific capture. However, these methods still have limitations in cell release efficiency and spatial selectivity. This study presents an aptamer-based microfluidic device that not only achieves specific affinity cell capture, but also enables spatially selective temperature-mediated release and retrieval of cells without detectable damage. The specific cell capture is realised by using surface-patterned aptamers in a microchamber on a temperature-control chip. Spatially selective cell release is achieved by utilising a group of microheater and temperature sensor that restricts temperature changes, and therefore the disruption of cell-aptamer interactions, to a design-specified region. Experimental results with CCRF-CEM cells and sgc8c aptamers have demonstrated the specific cell capture and temperature-mediated release of selected groups of cells with negligible disruption to their viability.
Mo/TiW contact for VLSI applications (1984)

A molybdenum and titanium-tungsten double-layer contact metallization was developed for VLSI applications. The thin TiW layer produces good ohmic contact and thermal stability with n+ silicon, p+ silicon, and polysilicon up to 650°C without any spiking. The contact formation process, including the etching of about 1-µm size contacts and tightly pitched lines 1.5-µm wide was developed. The specific contact resistance for n+ silicon and polysilicon contacts was less than 35 Ω.µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and that for the p+ silicon contact resistance was within a range of 35 to 85 Ω.µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . There is no junction leakage degradation for the p+ up to 750°C, whereas some degradation of the n+ observed above 600°C is in a tolerable range. The mechanism and cause of the contact resistance and leakage current changes with sintering temperature were studied by means of x-ray, SIMS, TEM, and SEM.