gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensor (2014)

We report on a spectroscopic technique named intracavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (I-QEPAS) employed for sensitive trace-gas detection in the mid-infrared spectral region. It is based on a combination of QEPAS with a buildup optical cavity. The sensor includes a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser emitting at 4.33 μm. We achieved a laser optical power buildup factor of ∼500, which corresponds to an intracavity laser power of ∼0.75 W. CO2 has been selected as the target molecule for the I-QEPAS demonstration. We achieved a detection sensitivity of 300 parts per trillion for 4 s integration time, corresponding to a noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.4 × 10−8 cm−1 and a normalized noise-equivalent absorption of 3.2 × 10−10 W cm−1 Hz−1/2.
Degradation of poly-L-lactide. Part 2: Increased temperature accelerated degradation (2004)

Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) is one of the most significant members of a group of polymers regarded as bioresorbable. The degradation of PLLA proceeds through hydrolysis of the ester linkages in the polymer's backbone; however, the time for the complete resorption of orthopaedic devices manufactured from PLLA is known to be in excess of five years in a normal physiological environment. To evaluate the degradation of PLLA in an accelerated time period, PLLA pellets were processed by compression moulding into tensile test specimens, prior to being sterilized by ethylene oxide gas (EtO) and degraded in a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at both 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C. On retrieval, at predetermined time intervals, procedures were used to evaluate the material's molecular weight, crystallinity, mechanical strength, and thermal properties. The results from this study suggest that at both 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C, degradation proceeds by a very similar mechanism to that observed at 37 degrees C in vitro and in vivo. The degradation models developed also confirmed the dependence of mass loss, melting temperature, and glass transition temperature (Tg) on the polymer's molecular weight throughout degradation. Although increased temperature appears to be a suitable method for accelerating the degradation of PLLA, relative to its physiological degradation rate, concerns still remain over the validity of testing above the polymer's Tg and the significance of autocatalysis at increased temperatures.
The hypercoagulable state in thalassemia (2002)

Thalassemia is a congenital hemolytic disorder caused by a partial or complete deficiency of alpha- or beta-globin chain synthesis. Homozygous carriers of beta-globin gene defects suffer from severe anemia and other serious complications from early childhood. The disease is treated by chronic blood transfusion. However, this can cause severe iron overload resulting in progressive organ failure. Some forms of alpha thalassemia are also associated with a similar clinical picture. Despite the difficulties associated with treatment, standards of care for thalassemic patients have improved in recent years, resulting in almost doubling of the average life expectancy. As a consequence, additional previously undescribed, complications are now being recognized. In particular, profound hemostatic changes have been observed in patients with beta-thalassemia major (beta-TM) and beta-thalassemia intermedia (beta-TI) and also in patients with alpha thalassemia (hemoglobin H disease). The presence of a higher than normal incidence of thromboembolic events, mainly in beta-TI, and the existence of prothrombotic hemostatic anomalies in the majority of the patients, even from a very young age, have led to the recognition of the existence of a chronic hypercoagulable state in thalassemic patients. Despite the appearance of numerous publications on the frequent occurrence of thromboembolic complications in thalassemia, this complication has not been emphasized or comprehensively reviewed. This review summarizes the current literature and discusses possible mechanisms of the lifelong hypercoagulable state that exists in thalassemia.
Immunoglobulins of Rat Colostrum (1970)

Abstract The preliminary reports of others that a protein, designated IgA, distinct from other rat immunoglobulins is present in colostrum and serum have been confirmed. IgGa, IgGb, γ1 and trace amounts of IgM can be recognized in colostrum, but IgA is distinguishable in terms of unique antigenic characteristics and a concentration in colostrum relative-to-serum which vastly exceeds that of the other recognized rat immunoglobulins. Although it was not possible to demonstrate specific anti-hapten antibody within this class by the technique of radioimmunoelectrophoresis, the interaction of this protein with antiserum to rat Fab piece in agar double diffusion supports its designation as an immunoglobulin. For operational purposes the rat protein previously designated as IgA is now termed γ1, although it is not functionally homologous with the immunoglobulins so designated in other species.
Review and discussion of the development of synthetic aperture focusing technique for ultrasonic testing (SAFT-UT) (1984)

The development and capabilities of synthetic aperture focusing techniques for ultrasonic testing (SAFT-UT) are presented. The purpose of SAFT-UT is to produce high-resolution images of the interior of opaque objects. The goal of this work is to develop and implement methods which can be used to detect and to quantify the extent of defects and cracks in critical components of nuclear reactors (pressure vessels, primary piping systems, and nozzles). This report places particular emphasis upon the practical experimental results that have been obtained using SAFT-UT as well as the theoretical background that underlies synthetic aperture focusing. A discussion regarding high-speed and real-time implementations of two- and three-dimensional synthetic aperture focusing is also presented.
FSR: Formal Analysis and Implementation Toolkit for Safe Interdomain Routing (2012)

Interdomain routing stitches the disparate parts of the Internet together, making protocol stability a critical issue to both researchers and practitioners. Yet, researchers create safety proofs and counterexamples by hand and build simulators and prototypes to explore protocol dynamics. Similarly, network operators analyze their router configurations manually or using homegrown tools. In this paper, we present a comprehensive toolkit for analyzing and implementing routing policies, ranging from high-level guidelines to specific router configurations. Our Formally Safe Routing (FSR) toolkit performs all of these functions from the same algebraic representation of routing policy. We show that routing algebra has a natural translation to both integer constraints (to perform safety analysis with SMT solvers) and declarative programs (to generate distributed implementations). Our extensive experiments with realistic topologies and policies show how FSR can detect problems in an autonomous system's (AS's) iBGP configuration, prove sufficient conditions for Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) safety, and empirically evaluate convergence time.
Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2011)

Dasatinib as a single agent has activity in relapsed and refractory CLL.
Acidification, proteolysis and flavour potential in fermenting cocoa beans (1985)

Abstract Cocoa fermentations in Ghana and Trinidad as well as anaerobic fermentation‐like incubations of fresh cocoa beans in Germany were carried out under controlled conditions. Samples of beans were taken during the course of these treatments and determinations were made as to acidification (pH, acetic acid content), proteolysis (free α‐amino nitrogen, peptide nitrogen and SDS electrophoresis of the protein peptides) and flavour potential (gas chromatography of the highly volatile compounds, in particular isopentanal and organoleptic analysis after thin layer roasting). A positive correlation between acidification, proteolysis and the development of flavour potential during anaerobic fermentation can be demonstrated in principle. However, the flavour potential is increased if the temperature rise is comparatively slow in both normal fermentation and laboratory incubation. Strong acidification and high accumulation of amino acids and peptides were not essential for a good flavour potential. The isopentanal content proved to be a useful indicator of the progress of normal fermentation in the tropics. These findings can be interpreted on the basis of earlier results about germination‐like processes in the protein vacuoles, pre‐ and post‐mortem subcellular structures and the special characteristics of acetic acid diffusion. Conclusions which are relevant to the practice of cocoa fermentation are discussed in more detail.
Improving data consistency in mobile computing using isolation-only transactions (2002)

Disconnected operation is an important technique for providing mobile access to shared data in distributed file systems. However, data inconsistency resulting from partitioned sharing remains a serious concern. This paper presents a new mechanism called isolation-only transaction (IOT) that uses serializability constraints to automatically detect read/write conflicts. The IOT consistency model provides a set of options for automatic and manual conflict resolution. In addition, application-specific knowledge can be incorporated to detect and resolve conflicts. To preserve upward Unix compatibility, the IOT mechanism is provided as an optional file system facility and its flexible interfaces allow any existing Unix application to be executed as an IOT. This paper describes high-level system design and implementation and concludes with related work and current status.
Synthesis, Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties, and Electroluminescent Performance of the Octa‐ and Deca(aryl)[60]fullerene Derivatives (2009)

Abstract Three multifunctionalized organo[60]fullerene derivatives, C 60 Ph 5 (C 6 H 4 ‐ t Bu‐4) 5 Me 2 (cyclophenacene, 1 ), C 60 Ph 5 (C 6 H 4 ‐ t Bu‐4) 5 Me 2 (fused corannulene, 2 ), and C 60 Ph 5 (C 6 H 4 ‐ t Bu‐4) 3 Me 2 (phenylene‐bridged fused corannulene, 3 ) are synthesized by the reaction of C 60 Ph 5 Me with 4‐ tert ‐butylphenylcopper reagent in the presence of pyridine, followed by treatment with MeI. Compounds 1 – 3 undergo reduction in the range from −1.8 to −2.5 V versus Fc/Fc + and exhibit photoluminescence behavior with fluorescent quantum yields of 18.5%, 2.5%, and 3.2% with fluorescent lifetimes of 67, 1.1, and 27 ns ( 1 – 3 , respectively). Organic electroluminescent diode devices using 1 – 3 are fabricated with π‐conjugated polymers and show external electroluminescent efficiencies of 0.04%, 0.07%, and 0.03% emitting yellow, green, and red light, respectively. The device containing all three compounds emits white light. This result indicates that the bulky addends in 1 – 3 can effectively isolate the π‐conjugated systems of the molecules in the solid state and retard the intermolecular excited‐state quenching process.
I Want My MP3! How to Download, Rip, and Play Digital Music (with Cdrom) (1999)

From the Publisher:
Download,rip and play MP3 files!
If you want to take advantage of everything MP3 audio has to offer * from finding the hottest download sites to ripping your own high-quality CDs * I Want My MNP3! How to Download,Rip & Play Digital Music,by Bill Mann,delivers the goods. This easy-to-read,hands-on manual gets you off to a fast start,showing you how to:
*Make the most of MP3 player,ripper and all-in-one application software
*Zero in on the best free and low-cost MP3 music on the Net
*Shop for CD-R and CD-RW hardware with the features you need * and put it to work
*Find top-notch MP3 Websites,newsgroups and mailing lists
*Stay street legal when copying and distributing files CD-ROM starts you off with rich selection of MP3 players,rippers,and music from every major genre.
A MOVING MESH APPROACH TO STRETCH-MINIMIZING MESH PARAMETERIZATION (2005)

We propose to use a moving mesh approach, a popular grid adaption technique in computational mechanics, for fast generating low-stretch mesh parameterizations. Given a triangle mesh approximating a surface, we construct an initial parameterization of the mesh and then improve the parameterization gradually. At each improvement step, we optimize the parameterization generated at the previous step by minimizing a weighted quadratic energy where the weights are chosen in order to minimize the parameterization stretch. This optimization procedure does not generate triangle flips if the boundary of the parameter domain is a convex polygon. Moreover already the first optimization step produces a high-quality mesh parameterization. We compare our parameterization procedure with several state-of-art mesh parameterization methods and demonstrate its speed and high efficiency in parameterizing large and geometrically complex models.
Improving performance using computational compression through memoization: A case study using a railway power consumption simulator (2016)

The objective of data compression is to avoid redundancy in order to reduce the size of the data to be stored or transmitted. In some scenarios, data compression may help to increase global performance by reducing the amount of data at a competitive cost in terms of global time and energy consumption. We have introduced computational compression as a technique for reducing redundant computation, in other words, to avoid carrying out the same computation with the same input to obtain the same output. In some scenarios, such as simulations, graphic processing, and so on, part of the computation is repeated using the same input in order to obtain the same output, and this computation could have an important cost in terms of global time and energy consumption. We propose applying computational compression by using memoization in order to store the results for future reuse and, in this way, minimize the use of the same costly computation. Although memoization was proposed for sequential applications in the 1980s, and there are some projects that have applied it in very specific domains, we propose a novel, domain-independent way of using it in high-performance applications, as a means of avoiding redundant computation.
Genetic status of p53 and induction of apoptosis by radiation or isoflavones in human gastric carcinoma cell lines (1996)

We have shown previously that various human cancer cell lines undergo morphological changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation or isoflavones. Here, we assessed the role of p53 gene in cell cycle and apoptosis following treatment of 11 gastric carcinoma cell lines with gamma-rays, genistein, biochanin A, or daidzein. Cell survival was measured by trypan blue staining, and apoptosis was assessed by fluorochrome staining. The rate of cell survival and apoptosis of the cells by gamma-irradiation or isoflavones did not correlate with p53 gene abnormalities. Flow cytometric measurement of DNA content demonstrated that while gamma-irradiation and genistein induced G(2) arrest, biochanin A and daidzein blocked the cell cycle of all carcinoma cells at G(1) phase. At multiple time points following irradiation, G(2) arrest was observed at 12-16 h in the wild-type and mutant p53 cell lines. Induction of p53 and p21 proteins was not observed in wild-type p53 lines after exposure to gamma-irradiation or isoflavones by Western blotting. Moreover, transfection of the wild-type p53 gene into MKN-1 cells failed to induce G(1) arrest by gamma-irradiation and genistein. Based on these results, we hypothesize that gastric cancer cells may possess a signal pathway which is different from the usual mechanisms of the p53-mediated DNA damage response in normal or hematopoietic tumor cells.
Copperhead (2011)

Modern parallel microprocessors deliver high performance on applications that expose substantial fine-grained data parallelism. Although data parallelism is widely available in many computations, implementing data parallel algorithms in low-level languages is often an unnecessarily difficult task. The characteristics of parallel microprocessors and the limitations of current programming methodologies motivate our design of Copperhead, a high-level data parallel language embedded in Python. The Copperhead programmer describes parallel computations via composition of familiar data parallel primitives supporting both flat and nested data parallel computation on arrays of data. Copperhead programs are expressed in a subset of the widely used Python programming language and interoperate with standard Python modules, including libraries for numeric computation, data visualization, and analysis. In this paper, we discuss the language, compiler, and runtime features that enable Copperhead to efficiently execute data parallel code. We define the restricted subset of Python which Copperhead supports and introduce the program analysis techniques necessary for compiling Copperhead code into efficient low-level implementations. We also outline the runtime support by which Copperhead programs interoperate with standard Python modules. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques with several examples targeting the CUDA platform for parallel programming on GPUs. Copperhead code is concise, on average requiring 3.6 times fewer lines of code than CUDA, and the compiler generates efficient code, yielding 45-100% of the performance of hand-crafted, well optimized CUDA code.
Evaluation of Time Delay Effects to Wide-Area Power System Stabilizer Design (2004)

Centralized control using system-wide data has been suggested to enhance the dynamic performance of large interconnected power systems. Because of the distance involved in wide-area interconnections, communication delay cannot be ignored. Long time delay may be detrimental to system stability and may degrade system performance. The time delay tolerance of a centralized controller and the associated performance tradeoff is analyzed using a small gain criterion. Special attention is paid to the choice of weighting functions in a robust control design. As expected, it is found that time delay tolerance decreases when the system bandwidth increases, while the nominal system time-domain performance is concomitantly improved. Several approaches which can maintain a good system performance while increasing the time delay tolerance are suggested and compared. A modern controller design technique, like gain scheduling via linear matrix inequalities, is evaluated for the design of the supervisory power system stabilizer accounting for various time delays.
Chemical vapour deposition of germanium films by laser-induced photolysis of ethylgermanes (1992)

Excimer laser photolysis of ethylgermanes EtnGeH4–n(n= 1–4) at 193 nm yields ethane, ethene and butane along with germanium deposited on the inner surface of the reactor. The distribution of gaseous products is remarkably different from that produced by thermolysis of ethylgermanes and it is attributed to intramolecular elimination of hydrocarbons. The amounts of hydrocarbons formed, as well as the infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of the solids, reveal that carbon and hydrogen of the ethylgermanes are contained in the volatile photolysis products, while germanium is the dominant element of the deposit. Ethylgermanes are much more prone to photolytic decomposition than germane, which makes them more suitable precursors for photolytic deposition of germanium. The form and morphology of the deposited layers have been investigated.
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK LANGUAGE MODEL WITH VECTOR-SPACE WORD REPRESENTATIONS (2014)

Recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) has been proved to be more competitive than other neural network language models. However, the input-layer of most current RNNLMs only uses one single feature i.e. the index of the word, which is a unit vector. Previous studies proved that language models with additional linguistic information achieve better performance. In this study, the vector space word representations (word vector), which can capture syntactic and semantic regularities of language, is used as additional features in order to enhance RNNLM. Finally, experimental results showed that the word vector features is very useful to improve the performance of RNNLM. Evaluated on a Mandarin test set, 10% relative reduction on perplexity could be obtained and 0.5 points absolute character error rate reductions could be obtained, compared to the conventional RNNLM.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Dislocation-Selective Chemical Etching on Aluminum, Copper, and Zinc Substrates (2005)

A surface roughening method by simple chemical etching was developed for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on three polycrystalline metals, namely aluminum, copper, and zinc. The key to the etching technique was the use of a dislocation etchant that preferentially dissolves the dislocation sites in the grains. The etched metallic surfaces, when hydrophobized with fluoroalkylsilane, exhibited superhydrophobic properties with water contact angles of larger than 150 degrees, as well as roll-off angles of less than 10 degrees for 8-microL drops. Also, the dislocation etching concept introduced here may be helpful in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on other polycrystalline substrates.
Conformation of Different<i>S</i>-Deoxo-Xaa<sup>3</sup>-amaninamide Analogues in DMSO Solution as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy. Strong CD Effects Induced by βI, βII Conformational Change (1996)

The amatoxines form a class of naturally occurring bicyclic octapeptides responsible for the poisonous effect of Amanita mushrooms. For the investigation of structure−activity relationships many derivatives of these peptides have been synthesized and tested up to now. To examine the particular role of the configuration of the amino acid in position 3, three new analogues of S-deoxo-amaninamide have been synthesized in which residue 3 is replaced by l-Ala, d-Ala, or Gly. CD spectra in methanol show large deviations which indicate conformational differences or isomeric bridging during synthesis. To discriminate both possibilities a detailed NMR analysis was performed. The conformation of these compounds has been determined in DMSO solution by highfield NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamic calculations. The resulting structures are surprisingly similar and closely related to the x-ray structure of β-amanitin: Conformational differences are only found in the turn region of Hyp2-Xaa3. Hence, the strong differences of the CD spectra rise only from type I/type II variations of this β-turn.
An observational test of magnetospheric magnetic field mapping (1994)

The distortion of the geomagnetic field is a key signature of the response of the magnetosphere to the solar wind input. A number of empirical models have been devised to estimate the magnetic field direction and magnitude at any point within the magnetosphere under a variety of conditions. We describe a technique whereby the field-line mapping predicted by such models is tested by matching measurements of magnetospheric plasma energy spectra obtained by Los Alamos instruments at geosynchronous orbit with spectra obtained by instruments on the polar-orbiting DMSP satellites (at an altitude of about 800 km) at times when the two satellites are in approximate magnetic conjugacy. With up to three geosynchronous satellites and as many as four DMSP satellites in operation at any given time, there are a very large number of such two-satellite conjunctions, allowing the model mappings to be tested under a wide range of local times and geomagnetic activity. Preliminary results from the application of this technique are presented for one week of data from March, 1991.