gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microspectrofluorometry by digital image processing: measurement of cytoplasmic pH. (1984)

An interface of our microspectrofluorometer with an image processing system performs microspectrofluorometric measurements in living cells by digital image processing. Fluorescence spectroscopic parameters can be measured by digital image processing directly from microscopic images of cells, and are automatically normalized for pathlength and accessible volume. Thus, an accurate cytoplasmic "map" of various spectroscopic parameters can be produced. The resting cytoplasmic pH of fibroblasts (3T3 cells) has been determined by measuring the ratio of fluorescein fluorescence exited by two successive wavelengths (489 and 452 nm). Fluorescein-labeled dextran microinjected into the cells is used as a pH indicator, since it is trapped in the cytoplasm but is excluded from the nucleus and other organelles. The average cytoplasmic pH is 6.83 (+/- 0.38). However, cytoplasmic pH exhibits a nonunimodal distribution, the lower mean pH being 6.74 (+/- 0.23). When 3T3 cells pinocytose medium containing fluorescein dextran, pinosomes peripheral to the nucleus exhibit a lower pH than those closer to the ruffling edge of the cell. The present image processing system is analyzed for linearity of detection, light scattering artifacts, signal to noise ratio, standard curves, and spatial resolution. The results obtained from digital image analysis are shown to be comparable to the results from standard microspectrofluorometry. We also discuss several other applications of this ratio imaging technique in cell biology.
Modeling the Probability of Freeway Rear-End Crash Occurrence (2006)

A microscopic model of freeway rear-end crash risk is developed based on a modified negative binomial regression and estimated using Washington State data. Compared with most existing models, this model has two major advantages: (1) It directly considers a driver’s response time distribution; and (2) it applies a new dual-impact structure accounting for the probability of both a vehicle becoming an obstacle (Po) and the following vehicle’s reaction failure (Pf). The results show for example that truck percentage-mile-per-lane has a dual impact, it increases Po and decreases Pf, yielding a net decrease in rear-end crash probabilities. Urban area, curvature, off-ramp and merge, shoulder width, and merge section are factors found to increase rear-end crash probabilities. Daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per lane has a dual impact; it decreases Po and increases Pf, yielding a net increase, indicating for example that focusing VMT related safety improvement efforts on reducing drivers’ failure to avoid crashes, such as crash-avoidance systems, is of key importance. Understanding such dual impacts is important for selecting and evaluating safety improvement plans for freeways.
Effects of smoking on renal hemodynamics in healthy volunteers and in patients with glomerular disease. (1998)

Patients with renal disease who smoke have a poor renal functional prognosis, but the mechanisms involved have not been explored. In this controlled study, the effects of smoking and sham smoking were compared in 15 healthy normotensive volunteers. All were occasional smokers and abstained from smoking for 48 h as documented by urinary cotinine measurements. These data were compared with those of seven patients with biopsy-confirmed IgA glomerulonephritis, also occasional smokers. Renal clearance examinations were obtained after hydration in the supine position before and while smoking two cigarettes or sham cigarettes in random order on 2 consecutive days. GFR and effective renal plasma flow were determined using In111-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid and 131I-hippurate with a dual tracer infusion clearance technique. In an ancillary study with six volunteers, the effect of smoking was compared with the effect of nicotine-containing chewing gum. In healthy volunteers, sham smoking caused a minor but significant increase of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and GFR with no significant change of effective renal plasma flow, filtration fraction (FF), or renovascular resistance. Smoking caused a significant and more marked increase of MAP (from baseline 92.8+/-8.98 to 105+/-7.78 mmHg) and heart rate (from 61.7+/-7.52 to 86.4+/-9.87 min(-1)), accompanied by a significant increase in arginine vasopressin (from 1.27+/-0.72 to 19.9+/-27.2 pg/ml) and epinephrine (from 37+/-13 to 140+/-129 pg/ml). During smoking, GFR decreased in all but one volunteer (from 120+/-17.7 to 102+/-19.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and this was accompanied by a significant decrease of FF (from 21.3+/-4.24 to 17.4+/-3.41%) and an increase in renovascular resistance (from 97.6+/-27.2 to 108+/-30.4 mmHg x min/ml per 1.73 m2). These findings were reproduced with nicotine-containing chewing gum. In contrast, when patients with IgA glomerulonephritis smoked, a similar increment in MAP was noted, the changes of FF were not uniform, and a small but consistent increase of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was observed. An additional 20 volunteers were subjected to the smoking arm of the study for statistical evaluation of the GFR change in patients. The difference between the change of GFR between all volunteers (n = 35) and patients (n = 7) was significant (P < 0.005). It is concluded that the known effects of smoking and nicotine on the sympathetic nervous system and on systemic hemodynamics are accompanied by significant acute changes in renal hemodynamics and albuminuria. These findings are of interest because of the known effects of smoking on progression of renal disease.
Dynamic Resource Discovery for Sensor Networks (2005)

As sensor networks mature the current generation of sensor networks that are application-specific and exposed only to a limited set of users will give way to heterogeneous sensor networks that are used dynamically by users that need them. The available sensors are likely to be dynamic (e.g., due to mobility) and heterogeneous in terms of their capabilities and software elements. They may provide different types of services and allow different configurability and access. A critical component in realizing such a vision is dynamic resource discovery. In this paper, we develop a resource discovery protocol for sensor networks, outline some of the challenges involved, and explore solutions to some of the most important ones. Specifically, we first discuss the problem of what resources to track and at what granularity: in addition to the individual sensor capabilities, some resources and services are associated with sensor networks as a whole, or with regions within the network. We also consider the design of the resource discovery protocol, and the inherent tradeoff between interoperability and energy efficiency.
A New Type of Sulfobetaine Surfactant with Double Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Chains for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2016)

Abstract A new type of sulfobetaine with double alkyl polyoxyethylene ( n ) ether chains, dicoconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene ( n ) ether methylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC 12–14 E n HSB) was synthesized using a commercial nonionic surfactant, coconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene ( n ) ether, as raw material and its properties as a surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the absence of alkali was studied. The purified product is a mixture of homologues with mainly C 12 /C 12 , C 12 /C 14 and C 14 /C 14 alkyl chains and widely distributed EO chains ( n = 2.2 on average) with an average molar mass of 742.6 g/mol. The diC 12–14 E 2.2 HSB has an improved aqueous solubility at 25 °C compared with didodecylmethylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC 12 HSB), a homologue without an EO chain, and is highly surface active as reflected by its low CMC (4.6 × 10 −6 mol/L), high saturated adsorption (6.8 × 10 −10 mol/cm 2 ) and small cross sectional area (0.24 nm 2 /molec.) at the air/water interface. With a hydrophile–lipophile balance well matched with Daqing crude oil/connate water system, the sulfobetaine can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension to ultra‐low values at 45 °C in the absence of alkali, and displays a low saturated adsorption at the sandstone/water interface (0.0024 mmol/g), reduced by 69 and 92 % respectively in comparison with that of the corresponding carboxyl betaine, diC 12–14 E 2.2 B and its homologue without an EO chain, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC 12 B). With these excellent properties diC 12–14 E 2.2 HSB gives a high tertiary recovery, 18.4 % original oil in place, when mixed with other hydrophobic and hydrophilic sulfobetaines in surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding free of alkali. The insertion of EO chains in combination with the replacement of carboxyl betaine by sulfobetaine is therefore very efficient for improving the properties of the double chain hydrophobic carboxyl betaines as surfactants for SP flooding free of alkali.
MR-PBGP: A Multi-Root Tree Model for Parallel BGP (2012)

BGP protocol has been confronted with many performance problems caused by large scale networks, and have raised great concerns of industry and academia. In this paper, we present a multi-root tree model called MR-PBGP for parallel BGP in the context of a multi-core platform with shared memory. This model is an integrated model of the neighbor-based division and data division. We prove that threads of BGP constructed by a multi-root tree with binary bough excluding the first-level branch nearest leaves will achieve optimal performance with unlimited number of cores (ideal case) in a router. However, with limited number of cores (actual case), we proposed an approximation algorithm to solve this nonlinear programming problem. Simulation results show that (i) the approximation algorithm can get a good performance speedup and parallel efficiency w.r.t. the increase of its neighbors. (ii) 50% of the optimal performance can be reached by using only 5% of the ideal number of cores. Comparing with other researches, MR-PBGP is a more effective model for parallel BGP.
Removal of heavy metals and suspended solids from battery wastewaters: application of hydroperm cross-flow microfiltration. Report for August 78-June 80 (1981)

This project was undertaken to evaluate the capability of crossflow microfiltration to remove suspended toxic metal and metal hydroxides from battery manufacturing wastewaters. The demonstration was conducted at the General Battery Corporation plant at Hamburg, Pennsylvania. A full scale system capable of processing 150,000 liters per day (40,000 gal/day) was constructed and installed at the General Battery facility. The following conclusions were determined from the demonstration at General Battery: (1) cross-flow filtration will effectively remove suspended solids and suspended metal hydroxides including arsenic hydroxide and antimony hydroxide from battery manufacturing wastewaters, (2) reasonable flux rates can be achieved with the use of the microfiltration membrane filters, (3) sludges of up to 35 percent solids can be easily generated significantly reducing the sludge generation rate. Suspended solid in feed ranging as high as 180,000 ppm were typically reduced to less than 5 ppm in the permeate. Lead was reduced from several hundred ppm in the feed to less than .10 ppm in the permeate. The pH of the wastewater was maintained between 8 and 9.
Learning Multiclass Pattern Discrimination (1985)

Using an improved microsurgical technique, cordotomy was carried out by the cervicothoracic route in 20 patients with persistent radicular pain due to epi-/intradural fibrosis following operation for lumbar disc herniation. 65% of them had good long-term results with respect to radicular pain (follow-up period 6-132 months; mean 66 months). Permanent severe motor impairment was not observed. In patients with severe pain of benign organic origin microsurgical cordotomy can be considered as a "last resort".
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL CUERPO Y LA FUNCIÓN DEL PADRE (2016)

The body that psychoanalysis brings into play is the effect of a series of operations. It is, therefore, a construction which is not given from birth but is achieved through successive steps and never ends as such. These steps assume a sequence of cuts (which delimits the enjoyment, which crops the image, which emerges the object) rather than chronological logical sequence although certain moments of the acquisition of the body can be articulated stages going through a subject. May ask what role does the father in the implementation and effectuation of these cuts, which brings us to the question of what is a father and how it operates. This text is developed within these questions. 
Key words: body - function of the father - cutting - records.
Longitudinal Changes in Corneal Asphericity in Myopia (2000)

These data show a shift to a more positive Q (in the oblate direction) with increased myopia.
Thermoelectric properties of Mn-doped Mg–Sb single crystals (2014)

The thermoelectric properties of Mg–Sb single crystals, which are compared with their polycrystalline counterparts, are enhanced by introducing Mn.
Critical issues, condition assessment and monitoring of heavy movable structures: emphasis on movable bridges (2012)

In this paper, a relatively less studied class of structures is presented based on the research conducted on Florida's movable bridges over the last several years. Movable bridges consist of complex structural, mechanical and electrical systems that provide versatility to these bridges, but at the same time, create intermittent operational and maintenance challenges. Movable bridges have been designed and constructed for some time; however, there are fewer studies in the literature on movable bridges as compared to other bridge types. In addition, none of these studies provide a comprehensive documentation of issues related to the condition of movable bridge populations in conjunction with possible monitoring applications specific to these bridges. This paper characterises and documents these issues related to movable bridges considering both the mechanical and structural components. Considerations for designing a monitoring system for movable bridges are also presented based on inspection reports and expert opinions. The design and implementation of a monitoring system for a representative bascule bridge are presented along with long-term monitoring data. Various movable bridge characteristics such as opening/closing torque, bridge balance and friction are shown since these are critical for maintenance applications on mechanical components. Finally, the impact of environmental effects (such as wind and temperature) on bridge mechanical characteristics is demonstrated by analysing monitoring data for more than 1000 opening/closing events.
Joint Relay Selection and Power Allocation through a Genetic Algorithm for Secure Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (2018)

In cooperative cognitive radio networks (CCRNs), there has been growing demand of transmitting secondary user (SU) source information secretly to the corresponding SU destination with the aid of cooperative SU relays. Efficient power allocation (PA) among SU relays and multi-relay selection (MRS) are a critical problem for operating such networks whereas the interference to the primary user receiver is being kept below a tolerable level and the transmission power requirements of the secondary users are being satisfied. Subsequently, in the paper, we develop the problem to solve the optimal solution for PA and MRS in a collaborative amplify-and-forward-based CCRNs, in terms of maximizing the secrecy rate (SR) of the networks. It is found that the problem is a mixed integer programming problem and difficult to be solved. To cope with this difficulty, we propose a meta-heuristic genetic algorithm-based MRS and PA scheme to maximize the SR of the networks while satisfying transmission power and the interference requirements of the networks. Our simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves near-optimal SR performance, compared to the exhaustive search scheme, and provides a significant SR improvement when compared with some conventional relay selection schemes with equal power allocation.
Trends in engineering software and hardwareKnowledge-based expert systems in structural design (1985)

A large number of problems encountered by structural designers are ill structured and are either not amenable to an algorithmic solution or the algorithms are too cumbersome and restrictive. Knowledge-based expert systems (KBES) provide a means to assist in the solution of these ill-structured problems that demand considerable expertise. KBES also provide a flexible methodology for developing engineering software, as well as a mechanism for formalizing thought processes about design. In this paper applications of KBES to the preliminary design, analysis, and detailed design phases of structural design are discussed. A conceptual view of an integrated structural design system in the light of recent advances in KBES development is also presented.
Graphene‐based biosensors: methods, analysis and future perspectives (2015)

Graphene (GN), a single layer two‐dimensional structure nanomaterial, exhibits exceptional physical, electrical and chemical properties that lead to many applications from electronics to biomedicine. The unique parameters of GN, notably its considerable electron mobility, thermal conductivity, high surface area and electrical conductivity, are bringing heightened attention into biomedical applications. This study assesses the recent advances in GN‐based biosensors and its derivatives in different areas to focus on glucose sensing, DNA sensing, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy and other related biomedical applications (electrochemical sensors, tissue engineering, haemoglobin and cholesterol sensing), together with a brief discussion on challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly developing field.
Managing Projects in Organizations: How to Make the Best Use of Time, Techniques, and People (1995)

Understanding the process of managing projects -- The project context: people, teams, and the organization. Operating within the realities of organizational life -- Finding and working with capable people -- Structuring project teams and building cohesiveness -- Project customers and project requirements. Making certain the project is based on a clear need -- Specifying what the project should accomplish -- Project planning and control. Tools and techniques for keeping the project on course -- Managing special problems and complex projects -- Achieving results: principles for success as a project manager.
Pressure drop of filtering facepiece respirators: How low should we go? (2015)

Mean oral and nasal Rfilter for all 3 PRs was at, or below, the minimal threshold level for detection of inspiratory resistance (the 58.8-74.5 Pa/l×s-1), which may account for the previously-reported lack of significant subjective or physiological differences when wearing PRs with these low Rfilter. Lowering filtering facepiece respirator Rfilter below 88.2 Pa (measured at 85 l/min constant airflow) may not result in additional subjective or physiological benefit to the wearer.
A quantitative model of water radiolysis and chemical production rates near radionuclide-containing solids (2015)

We present a mathematical model that quantifies the rate of water radiolysis near radionuclide-containing solids. Our model incorporates the radioactivity of the solid along with the energies and attenuation properties for alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) radiation to calculate volume normalized dose rate profiles. In the model, these dose rate profiles are then used to calculate radiolytic hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) production rates as a function of distance from the solid-water interface. It expands on previous water radiolysis models by incorporating planar or cylindrical solid-water interfaces and by explicitly including γ radiation in dose rate calculations. To illustrate our model's utility, we quantify radiolytic H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production rates surrounding spent nuclear fuel under different conditions (at 20 years and 1000 years of storage, as well as before and after barrier failure). These examples demonstrate the extent to which α, β and γ radiation contributes to total absorbed dose rate and radiolytic production rates. The different cases also illustrate how H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yields depend on initial composition, shielding and age of the solid. In this way, the examples demonstrate the importance of including all three types of radiation in a general model of total radiolytic production rates.
Efficient method for enantioselective synthesis of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride (focalin (2014)

An improved economical and eco friendly process for the enantioselective resolution of methylphenidate free base to give (2R,2’R)-(+)-threomethylphenidate via diastereomeric salt preparation with (+)-di-para-toluyl-D-tartaric acid has been achieved. The racemic resolution performed under mild and neutral conditions having simple unit operation making process feasible for large scale production of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride
A multiple access scheme for radio access loop carrying multiple‐service traffic—virtual circuit multiple access (VCMA) (1991)

Abstract The integrated services digital network (ISDN), which is under construction at present, will enlarge the range of communication service by developing radio access systems, with the digital mobile communication systems as the core. The purpose of such a radio access system is to realize the communication capability, which is as flexible as that of the fixed system, while utilizing the features of the radio system. The following problems arise in the traditional access schemes, however, when multiple types of calls with various information characteristics and rates are to be handled. The immediate (circuit switching) system cannot contain efficiently the multiple type of traffic, while the waiting (packet switching) system may produce a delay with a long variation. This paper proposes a new scheme for radio channel access, aiming at a positive integration of the multiple type of traffic. In this scheme, the blank of information is compressed to construct a block (cell) with a constant length, and the physical channel is controlled to be assigned to each cell. The blank is inserted on the receiving side to ensure the time‐transparency. Then, the flexibility to various types of immediate and waiting calls, as well as the efficient operation of the channels, are realized. This paper describes also the concept of the scheme and fundamental composition. The channel capacity and the channel occupancy are evaluated by a computer simulation, and it is shown that the proposed scheme has the desirable property that the statistical multiplexing effect is utilized.
Preventing cache-based side-channel attacks in a cloud environment (2014)

Cloud computing is a unique technique for outsourcing and aggregating computational hardware needs. By abstracting the underlying machines cloud computing is able to share resources among multiple mutually distrusting clients. While there are numerous practical benefits to this system, this kind of resource sharing enables new forms of information leakage such as hardware side-channels. In this paper, we investigate the usage of CPU-cache based side-channels in the cloud and how they compare to traditional side-channel attacks. We go on to demonstrate that new techniques are necessary to mitigate these sorts of attacks in a cloud environment, and specify the requirements for such solutions. Finally, we design and implement two new cache-based side-channel mitigation techniques, implementing them in a state-of-the-art cloud system, and testing them against traditional cloud technology.
Signal to noise analysis of multiple color fluorescence imaging microscopy (1999)

The accuracy criterion that we have developed can be used for optimizing and analyzing different multiple color fluorescence microscopy methods. The assumption that shot noise is dominant in these measurements is supported by our measurements.