gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and transthyretin by pressure reveals their reversible nature and the formation of water-excluded cavities (2003)

Protein misfolding and aggregation have been linked to several human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and systemic amyloidosis, by mechanisms that are not yet completely understood. The hallmark of most of these diseases is the formation of highly ordered and beta-sheet-rich aggregates referred to as amyloid fibrils. Fibril formation by WT transthyretin (TTR) or TTR variants has been linked to the etiology of systemic amyloidosis and familial amyloid polyneuropathy, respectively. Similarly, amyloid fibril formation by alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) has been linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, a movement disorder characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Here we show that consecutive cycles of compression-decompression under aggregating conditions lead to reversible dissociation of TTR and alpha-syn fibrils. The high sensitivity of amyloid fibrils toward high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) indicates the existence of packing defects in the fibril core. In addition, through the use of HHP we are able to detect differences in stability between fibrils formed from WT TTR and the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy-associated variant V30M. The fibrils formed by WT alpha-syn were less susceptible to pressure denaturation than the Parkinson's disease-linked variants, A30P and A53T. This finding implies that fibrils of alpha-syn formed from the variants would be more easily dissolved into small oligomers by the cellular machinery. This result has physiological importance in light of the current view that the pathogenic species are the small aggregates rather the mature fibrils. Finally, the HHP-induced formation of fibrils from TTR is relatively fast (approximately 60 min), a quality that allows screening of antiamyloidogenic drugs.
Coupling strategies in solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptides. (1992)

N-beta-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-asparaginyl peptides [Asn(GlcNAc)] corresponding to T-helper cell determinants were synthesized on solid-phase. Various amino-terminal- and carbohydrate-protecting groups were used on the glycosylated asparagine residue which was coupled to the peptide chain. We found that coupling rates decreased with increased size of the protected carbohydrate part of the acylating agent. Double couplings with an O-unprotected saccharide, as in Fmoc-Asn(GlcNAc)-OH resulted in acceptable coupling rates even with a synthetically difficult sequence corresponding to the T-cell epitopic peptide from the C-terminus of pigeon cytochrome c. The observed coupling rates on this peptide as well as on a T-cell epitopic pentapeptide, derived from the rabies virus N-protein, were comparable to those of conventional solid-phase peptide syntheses. The Fmoc-Asn(GlcNAc)-OH used can be prepared easily from commercially available components. The described glycopeptides will be used to probe effects of N-glycosylation on the immune recognition of viral glycoproteins.
Cell-Mediated Immune Response during Primary<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>Infection (2000)

The development of Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific cell-mediated immunity was studied during a primary C. pneumoniae infection. The immune response was detected as positive lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of interferon gamma. C. pneumoniae-induced activation of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was detected in the early phase of infection, but activation of only CD4(+) T cells was detected in the later stage.
American Nurses Association's strategy to enact a portable pension scheme. (1995)

The American Nurses Association has long been active in the issue of pension portability and sees several avenues: federal legislation, collective bargaining and public education. It is engaged in a project to examine all three options as well as try to gather much needed data on the specific situation nurses face in vesting in sound pension programmes.
Novel concepts for device-to-device communication using network coding (2014)

Device-to-device communication is currently a hot research topic within 3GPP. Even though D2D communication has been part of previous ad hoc, meshed and sensor networks proposals, the main contribution by 3GPP is that the direct communication among two devices is carried out over a dynamically assigned, licensed spectrum; thus, it is under full control of the cellular network. D2D communication creates a market potential for new services, new approaches to efficient spectrum use, and security concepts. This is especially true if D2D communication is extended to larger communication groups organized in meshed clusters. In this article, we discuss the potential and shortcomings of D2D communication as proposed today, advocating for the use of network coding as an enabling technology for enhanced security and communication efficiency using the PlayNCool and CORE protocols as key examples to deliver smarter D2D systems.
Adaptive Optics Systems — (2009)

Adaptive optics systems are, by definition, closed loop. This means, among other things, that any change in the optical beam performed by the AO system is sensed by the system. Consider the optical system pictured in Fig. 2.1. This system took eons to develop and probably could not have been developed so elegantly without divine intervention. Most of us possess this basic slow AO system. The eye works as a detector, the brain as a computer, and the arm as an actuator. While we all see what is being done in this system, and some of us experience it often, it is not simply reflex, an open loop operation. Our eye senses an image and transmits the information to the brain. The brain, through years of training, knows pretty well that an image is not focused correctly. We often can't define blurry, but we know it when we see it. If the image is blurry, our nervous system instructs the muscles in our hand to change the focus setting on the optical device. The focus control, acting like a deformable mirror, adjusts the focus of the beam and therefore the appearance of the image to our eyes. We sense the image getting better or worse, i.e., closing the loop. If the image gets worse, we stop our adjustment and reverse its direction. We eventually zero in on an image in its best focus. For those who wear eyeglasses, the analogy continues. If we focus the binoculars while not wearing the eyeglasses, the binoculars compensate for the aberrations in our eye that are not corrected. Thus, the AO system compensates for all the aberrations in the system. It really doesn't know, and doesn't particularly care, where they come from. If the object moves away, like that of a rapidly moving car, we must constantly readjust the binoculars to keep the image clear. If, however, we happen to have binoculars with a large depth of focus, the adjustment doesn't have to be made often, nor very rapidly. The integrated adaptive optics system depends upon all the optics around it, the type and magnitude of the aberrations, the speed of the sensor, and the quick-wittedness of the control computer. Although large telescopes require hundreds of channels of compensation with a few hundred hertz bandwidths, our human AO system gets by with about 3 channels and 2 Hz - a good start, but still requiring a little help from technology.
Endocarditis-related cerebral aneurysms: radiologic changes with treatment. (1995)

Follow-up angiography is recommended in all patients with mycotic aneurysms to assess response to antibiotic therapy, to detect new aneurysms, and to identify those aneurysms with no response or with enlargement.
Growth factor superfamilies and mammalian embryogenesis (1988)

With the availability of amino acid and nucleotide sequence information has come the realization that growth factors can be clustered in to superfamilies. Several of these superfamilies contain molecules that were not initially identified because of growth-promoting activities; rather they were discovered through their ability to regulate other processes. Certain members of these superfamilies are present during early mammalian embryogenesis. However, until recently, it has been difficult to manipulate the developing mammalian embryo to observe directly the effects of inappropriate, excessive, or reduced expression of these molecules. Despite this limitation, at least some of these molecules have been implicated in the control of differentiation and morphogenesis, two actions unpredicted from the cell biology of most of the growth factors. Moreover, these actions are reflected in nonmammalian species where homologues of the mammalian growth factors control crucial steps in the choice of developmental fate. This review describes five growth factor superfamilies and the role these molecules may have in controlling proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis during mammalian development.
Random‐Primed, Phi29 DNA Polymerase‐Based Whole Genome Amplification (2014)

Whole-genome amplification by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is a patented method to generate potentially unlimited genomic material when researchers are challenged with trace samples, or the amount of genomic DNA required for analysis exceeds the amount on hand. It is an isothermal reaction, using Phi29 DNA polymerase and random hexamer primers for unbiased amplification of linear DNA molecules, such as genomic DNA. The random-primed MDA reaction provides extensive amplification coverage of the genome, generates extremely long DNA products, and provides high DNA yields. This unit explains the reaction, and describes use of the commercial kits available.
Distinct Patterns of Motor Unit Behavior During Muscle Spasms in Spinal Cord Injured Subjects (1997)

Surface electromyograms (EMG) and force were recorded during repeated involuntary spasms of paralyzed triceps surae muscles of four men with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. The firing rates of 78 medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units also were recorded intramuscularly with tungsten microelectrodes. Spasms typically involved a relatively rapid rise, then a more gradual fall in triceps surae EMG and torque. Motor unit firing rates either increased and then decreased with the spasm intensity (54%) or were relatively constant (26%), firing mainly at 2-10 Hz. The remaining units (20%) produced trains that included one or several doublets. Mean peak spasm firing rates were 18 +/- 9 Hz (mean +/- SD) for rate modulated units and 11 +/- 10 Hz for units with little or no rate modulation. Some motor units fired at rates comparable with those recorded previously during maximum voluntary contractions performed by intact subjects. Others fired at rates below the minimum usually seen when normal units are first recruited (< 6 Hz). Doublets (interspike interval < 10 ms) often repeated every 123-333 ms, or were interspersed in trains firing at low steady rates (< 11 Hz). This study shows that rate coding for many motor units appears to be similar whether descending motor input is intact or whether it has been reduced severely by spinal cord injury. In contrast, rate modulation in other units appears to depend mainly on voluntary motor commands.
Aufgabe (1958)

Die vorliegende Untersuchung erörtert die Wärmeübertragungsverhältnisse bei Thermopane-Doppelglasscheiben. Im wesentlichen sollte der Wärmewiderstand der Luftschicht zwischen den beiden Scheiben in senkrechter Scheibenstellung bei verschiedenen Scheibenabständen gemessen und analysiert werden.
Windows scheduling as a restricted version of Bin Packing (2004)

Given is a sequence of n positive integers w1;w2....,wn that are associated with the items 1, 2....n respectively. In the windows scheduling problem, the goal is to schedule all the items (equal length information pages) on broadcasting channels such that the gap between two consecutive appearances of page i on any of the channels is at most wi slots (a slot is the transmission time of one page). In the unit fractions bin packing problem, the goal is to pack all the items in bins of unit size where the size (width) of item i is 1/wi. The optimization objective is to minimize the number of channels or bins. In the off-line setting the sequence is known in advance whereas in the on-line setting the items arrive in order and assignment decisions are irrevocable. Since a page requires at least 1=wi of the channel's bandwidth, it follows that windows scheduling without migration (all broadcasts of a page must be from the same channel) is a restricted version of unit fractions bin packing.Let H = [Σni = 1 (1/wi)] be the obvious bandwidth lower bound on the required number of bins (channels). Previously an H + O(ln H) off-line algorithm for the windows scheduling problem was known. This paper presents an H + 1 off-line algorithm to the unit fractions bin packing problem. In the on-line setting, this paper presents an H + O(√H) algorithm to both problems where the one for the unit fractions bin packing problem is simpler. On the other hand, this paper shows that already for the unit fractions bin packing problem, any on-line algorithm must use at least H + Ω (ln H) bins.
Protective Effects of Epicatechin Against the Toxic Effects of Streptozotocin on Rat Pancreatic Islets: In Vivo and in Vitro (2003)

EC appears to be helpful in protecting pancreatic islets against exposure to STZ in both in vivo and in vitro systems.
Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of aminophenyltrimethoxysilane films on metals (1990)

The molecular structures of thin films formed by aminophenyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) deposited onto mechanically polished aluminum, iron, and copper substrates from dilute aqueous alcohol solutions were determined using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-deposited films on all three substrates were similar and consisted of hydrolyzed oligomers that condensed to form siloxane polymers during heating at elevated temperatures. APTMS films on all three substrates reacted readily with epoxy resins at 150°C. Although some loss of nitrogen was observed, the films formed on aluminum were relatively stable during heating at 250°C and inhibited oxidation of the substrate. The films formed on iron and copper depolymerized rapidly during heating at 250°C and failed to inhibit oxidation of the substrates. It was concluded that APTMS films were potentially useful primers for use at high temperatures on aluminum, but not on copper or iron.
A high-speed ic random-number source for smartcard microcontrollers (2003)

The design of a high-speed integrated circuit random number source macro-cell, suitable to be integrated in a SmartCard microcontroller, is presented. The direct amplification of a thermal-noise source is exploited and an accurate and low-area offset zeroing system has been developed in order to increase the statistical quality of the output bit sequences. Moreover, an analytical model has been developed, allowing the estimation of the output bit correlation as a function of the main circuit parameters. Using a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS process, a prototype has been fabricated and measured, obtaining a random behavior for an output data rate up to 40 Mb/s. The macro-cell area, excluding pads, is 0.025 mm/sup 2/ (220 /spl mu/m/spl times/116 /spl mu/m) and its power consumption is about 3.6 mW when clocked at 10 MHz.
A Convenient, TiCl<sub><b>4</b></sub>/SnCl<sub><b>4</b></sub>-Mediated Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Phenyl or <i>N</i>-Aryl Benzamidines and <i>N</i>-Phenylpicolinamidines (2012)

A new, TiCl4-or SnCl4-mediated, solvent-free method was developed for the synthesis of N-Aryl benzamidines and N-phenylpicolinamidines, in moderate-to-good yield, using suitable amines and nitriles as starting materials.
STEEL SLAG: APPLICATIONS FOR AMD CONTROL (2011)

In both laboratory and field studies, steel slags were found to generate exceptionally high levels of alkalinity over extended periods. Steel slags also have high neutralization potentials and can be used as alkaline amendments to acid-producing materials. This paper discusses the alkalinity-generating capacity of steel slags, their metal leaching potential and applications for acid mine drainage control. Results indicate that steel slags can provide highly concentrated alkaline recharge to acid mine wastes. Proper design and sizing offers the potential for a low- to zero-maintenance method for treating acid mine drainage (AMD) within the spoil pile itself. Since slags form around the melting point of iron,&gt;2,700oF, most compounds which have a low boiling point have been driven off. Most of the residuals are encased as oxides or in a calcium-alumino-silicate glassy matrix. Fortunately, the matrix is soluble and releases calcium and manganese oxides which drive the pH above 10. Since slag is a glass in its coarser form (e.g.-1/8 in.) it will, unless compacted, maintain high permeability regardless of how much water has passed through it. Unlike lime, steel slags do not absorb CO from the air and 2 convert back to relatively insoluble calcite: Ca (OH) + CO ®Ca CO +H O. This is an extremely important
Oxidative coupling reactions of phenols with iron(III) chloride in the solid state (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative coupling reactions of phenols with iron(III) chloride in the solid stateFumio Toda, Koichi Tanaka, and Shinji IwataCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3007–3009Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4345Altmetric-Citations242LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The transcription factor ATF4 regulates glucose metabolism in mice through its expression in osteoblasts (2009)

The recent demonstration that osteoblasts have a role in controlling energy metabolism suggests that they express cell-specific regulatory genes involved in this process. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a transcription factor that accumulates predominantly in osteoblasts, where it regulates virtually all functions linked to the maintenance of bone mass. Since Atf4-/- mice have smaller fat pads than littermate controls, we investigated whether ATF4 also influences energy metabolism. Here, we have shown, through analysis of Atf4-/- mice, that ATF4 inhibits insulin secretion and decreases insulin sensitivity in liver, fat, and muscle. Several lines of evidence indicated that this function of ATF4 occurred through its osteoblastic expression. First, insulin sensitivity is enhanced in the liver of Atf4-/- mice, but not in cultured hepatocytes from these mice. Second, mice overexpressing ATF4 in osteoblasts only [termed here alpha1(I)Collagen-Atf4 mice] displayed a decrease in insulin secretion and were insulin insensitive. Third, the alpha1(I)Collagen-Atf4 transgene corrected the energy metabolism phenotype of Atf4-/- mice. Fourth, and more definitely, mice lacking ATF4 only in osteoblasts presented the same metabolic abnormalities as Atf4-/- mice. Molecularly, ATF4 favored expression in osteoblasts of Esp, which encodes a product that decreases the bioactivity of osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific secreted molecule that enhances secretion of and sensitivity to insulin. These results provide a transcriptional basis to the observation that osteoblasts fulfill endocrine functions and identify ATF4 as a regulator of most functions of osteoblasts.
The History of the mStar Environment (1998)

This document presents the history and evolution of the mStar environment between 1995 and 1998. It starts with the Java Multi-User Environment and ends with Marratech company. 1 Introduction The mStar environment [8] have been created over a number of years in the context of academia, industrial research projects and within the industry itself. The main goal of this research have been to create a multimedia environment for easy creation of distributed groupware applications. This document presents an overview of the mStar architecture, its design and various underlying design selections. Note, readers of this document should be familiar with the applications of mStar environment, IP-multicast [2], the MBone applications and the MBone virtual network technology [4] and the Java programming and runtime environment. 2 A Stroll down Memory Lane In January 1995 the Centre for Distance-spanning Technology/CDT was created. One of the targets of CDT was to create and develop technology for...
Electromagnetic pulse signal representation using orthonormal Laguerre sequences (1995)

The notion of representing discrete-time electromagnetic pulse (EMP) signals using orthonormal Laguerre sequences is introduced. The motivation for doing so is that EMP signals and Laguerre sequences are both characterized by decaying exponentials. It is shown a that very efficient Laguerre representation of EMP signals is possible using this approach.
Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy of organic molecules on compact photonic devices (2015)

We demonstrate a nanophotonic approach for broadband near-infrared spectroscopy of organic molecules. Waveguides, tapered microfibers and gold nanoparticles enable ultra-sensitive miniature spectrometers for highly sensitive detection in ultra-low sample volumes
The Effect of Viscosity and Filler on Electrospun Fiber Morphology (2003)

Abstract Electrospinning is a simple technique to create nanometer‐scale polymer fibers by application of a large static voltage to a viscous polymer solution, or spin‐dope. At polymer concentrations higher than the critical concentration, above which polymer entanglement can occur, it was found polymer fibers could be electrospun, provided the spin‐dope solution was sufficiently viscous. The requisite viscosity could be obtained by increased polymer concentration or by inclusion of insoluble filler, titanium dioxide in this case. Electrospun fibers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) were successfully fabricated that consisted of as little as 25 wt.% polymer. The remainder of the fiber weight consisted of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles that could not be electrospun alone. We demonstrate that it is possible to create a high‐surface area structure of a material that cannot be electrospun by the inclusion of a small amount of polymer.
Nucleoside bearing boron clusters and their phosphoramidites – building blocks for modified oligonucleotide synthesis (2014)

Synthesis of four canonical nucleoside-<italic>closo</italic>-/<italic>nido</italic>-carborane conjugates, their phosphoramidites, their electrochemical characteristics and the first example of the X-ray structure of a nucleoside-boron cluster conjugate.