gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NO Oxidation Catalysis on Pt Clusters: Elementary Steps, Structural Requirements, and Synergistic Effects of NO<sub>2</sub>Adsorption Sites (2009)

Kinetic and isotopic methods show that NO oxidation on supported Pt clusters involves kinetically relevant reaction of O2 with vacancy sites on surfaces nearly saturated with oxygen adatoms (O*). The oxygen chemical potential at Pt surfaces that determines the O* coverage is rigorously described by an O2 virtual pressure and determined by the thermodynamics of NO2−NO interconversion reactions. NO oxidation and oxygen isotopic exchange processes are described by the same rate constant, consistent with similar kinetically relevant O2 dissociation steps for both reactions. NO oxidation, NO2 decomposition, and 16O2−18O2 exchange rates increased markedly with increasing Pt cluster size (1−8 nm); these clusters remain metallic at all O2 virtual pressures prevalent during NO oxidation. These effects of cluster size reflect the higher vacancy concentrations and more facile oxygen desorption on larger Pt clusters, which bind oxygen adatoms weaker than more coordinatively unsaturated surface Pt atoms on smaller clusters. These trends are similar to those found for methane and dimethyl ether combustion on Pt and Pd catalysts, which also require vacancy sites on O*-saturated cluster surfaces in their respective kinetically relevant steps. Inhibition of NO oxidation by NO2 persists to undetectable NO2 concentrations; thus, NO oxidation turnover rates increase significantly when NO2 adsorption sites present on BaCO3/Al2O3 are placed within diffusion distances of Pt clusters. NO oxidation rates on intrapellet catalyst-adsorbent mixtures are described accurately by a simple reaction-adsorption model in which NO2 adsorbs via displacement of CO2 on BaCO3 surfaces.
Solid-phase Bromination and Suzuki Coupling of 2-Carboxyindoles (2001)

As part of an ongoing lead discovery project we have developed a convenient method for the modification and substitution of indole moieties at the 3-position. Selective bromination of three different 2-carboxyindoles was followed by Suzuki cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids on a Merrifield resin solid-phase. After column chromatography, yields of the 3- substituted indoles ranged from 42-98%.
Exchange Reactions Occurring through Active Chain Ends. MALDI−TOF Characterization of Copolymers from Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6,10 (2003)

A study on the sequence and composition of copolyamides formed by activated exchange reactions occurring in the melt mixing of Ny6,10 and Ny6,6 is reported. Equimolar mixtures of Ny6,10, Ny6,6, and carboxyl-terminated Ny6,6 (Ny6,6-COOH) samples were melt mixed at different temperatures (290−310 °C) for different times (10−180 min). The determination of copolyamides formation, sequence, and composition proved to be unfeasible with 13C NMR spectroscopy. On the other hand, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization−time-of-flight (MALDI−TOF) mass spectra allowed the detection of the copolyamides formation and the determination of their sequence and composition. The results can be reconciled within the overall scheme of exchange reaction occurring through active chain ends. In fact, the composition of the copolyamides formed by the exchange of Ny6,6-COOH/Ny6,10 mixtures showed a higher amount of Ny6,6 units, with respect to the initial blends composition, and a higher value of the Ny6,6 average block length, at the beginning of the reaction (10 min). The composition of the copolyamides was found to be equal to the feed composition (50/50), after 30 min of heating, with a random distribution of sequences. The composition and the sequence distributions of the copolyamides remained unaffected even at a higher heating time (180 min) although some degradation reactions also occurred. Instead, the exchange reaction of a mixture of high molar mass Ny6,6 and Ny6,10 both containing a very low amount of carboxylic chain ends produced a segmented copolyamides even at high heating time (150 min). The Ny6,6/Ny6,10 copolyamides were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy (WAXS).
Propagation and Retention of Viscoelastic Surfactants Following Matrix Acidizing Treatments in Carbonate Cores (2010)

Abstract Viscoelastic surfactants have been applied extensively in the field, because of their unique characteristics of forming rod-like micelles with the increase of pH and calcium concentration. There is continuous debate in the industry on whether the gel generated by these surfactants causes formation damage or not. This is especially true in dry gas wells. The objective of the present study is to conduct core flood experiments using surfactant-based acids and measure the concentration of the surfactant concentration in the core effluent. Material balance on the surfactant will shed lights on the amount of surfactant recovered, which will help in assessing damage due to surfactant gel retention in the cores. Core flood tests were performed using calcium carbonate cores 1.5 in. diameter and 20 in. length. The cores were injected with a surfactant-based acid of 15 wt% HCl that contained 7 vol% surfactant and other acid additives. Core flood test were conducted at constant injection flow rate that was varied from 3 to 40 cm3/min. Carbonate cores of various initial permeability were used. In all core tests, surfactant concentration was measured in the injected acid and core effluent using the two-phase titration method. Mutual solvent was used to break surfactant gels. Considerable amounts of viscoelastic surfactant were retained in the carbonate cores after the acid treatments, and the retained surfactant gel is a source of formation damage if not effectively removed. The amount of surfactant-based acid required to create wormhole in carbonate matrix is high at both low shear rate (&lt; 900 s-1) and high shear rate (&gt; 3,000 s-1), and is low at intermediate shear rates with the minimum value at shear rate of 1,500 to 2,000 s-1. The surfactant retention in the carbonate matrix is lowest at shear rates near 2,000 s-1, and is high at both high and low shear rates. Surfactant was retained in gelled form. Mutual solvent was able to remove as much as 21% of the total amount of surfactant injected into the core.
Risk assessment of real time digital control systems (2006)

This paper describes stochastic methods for assessing risk in integrated hardware and software systems. The methods assess evaluate availability, outage probabilities, and effectiveness-weighted degraded states based on data from measurements with a specified confidence level. System-level reliability/availability models can also identify the elements where failure rate, recovery probability, or recovery time improvement will provide the greatest benefit. The validity of this approach is determined by the extent to which the system failure behavior conforms to a stochastic process (i.e., random, non-deterministic failures). Evidence from large studies of other high availability computer systems provides substantial evidence of such behavior in mature systems. The approach is limited to the systems with failure rates higher than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> per hour and the availability below 0.999999, i.e., below safety grade. To assess safety critical systems, the risk assessment method described here can be used as an adjunct for other approaches described in various industry standards that intended to minimize the likelihood that deterministic defects are introduced into the system design
Subcellular Peptide Localization in Single Identified Neurons by Capillary Microsampling Mass Spectrometry (2018)

Single cell mass spectrometry (MS) is uniquely positioned for the sequencing and identification of peptides in rare cells. Small peptides can take on different roles in subcellular compartments. Whereas some peptides serve as neurotransmitters in the cytoplasm, they can also function as transcription factors in the nucleus. Thus, there is a need to analyze the subcellular peptide compositions in identified single cells. Here, we apply capillary microsampling MS with ion mobility separation for the sequencing of peptides in single neurons of the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis, and the analysis of peptide distributions between the cytoplasm and nucleus of identified single neurons that are known to express cardioactive Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide-like (FMRFamide-like) neuropeptides. Nuclei and cytoplasm of Type 1 and Type 2 F group (Fgp) neurons were analyzed for neuropeptides cleaved from the protein precursors encoded by alternative splicing products of the FMRFamide gene. Relative abundances of nine neuropeptides were determined in the cytoplasm. The nuclei contained six of these peptides at different abundances. Enabled by its relative enrichment in Fgp neurons, a new 28-residue neuropeptide was sequenced by tandem MS.
Professor F. Alton Wade’s Antarctic Glaciological Researches (1947)

On 7 May 1939 Professor F. Alton Wade, Chief Geologist of Admiral Byrd’s Third Antarctic Expedition, which came to be known as the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition 1939–41, wrote a letter in the course of which he expressed the view that the efforts of the various expeditions to the polar regions should be more closely coordinated than they had been in the past. He therefore asked me if the Association for the Study of Snow and Ice would be prepared to make suggestions for his glaciological programme, including methods, technique and apparatus. The Committee of the Association readily agreed and set aside a time for discussing this at the Association’s meeting on 12 July 1939.
ε‐separating nonlinear filter bank and its application to face image beautification (2006)

Abstract For the purposes of separating the specific components of nonsteady signals, the ε‐separating nonlinear filter bank is proposed. Previously, the authors proposed a nonlinear digital filter called the ε‐filter. This filter effectively eliminates the small signal amplitude random noise superimposed on a signal with a large signal changing component. The ε‐filter bank proposed in this paper consists of these ε‐filters and separates the components by taking account of both the signal amplitude and frequency. Further, a filter system for beautifying facial images using this filter bank is proposed. The human facial image consists not only of large‐signal components such as the frame, eyes, nose, and mouth, but also of small‐signal high‐frequency components such as fine wrinkles as well as small‐signal medium‐frequency components such as large wrinkles and blemishes. Additionally, ultrasmall‐amplitude high‐frequency components expressing the natural roughness of the skin also exist. The present filter bank can eliminate wrinkles and blemishes while maintaining the natural roughness of the skin, allowing beautification of the skin of facial images to be performed effectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(4): 52– 62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20241
Roles for miRNA-378/378* in adipocyte gene expression and lipogenesis (2010)

In this study, we explored the roles of microRNAs in adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. We first knocked down Argonaute2 (Ago2), a key enzyme in the processing of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), to investigate a potential role for miRNAs in adipocyte differentiation and/or metabolism. Although we did not observe dramatic differences in adipogenesis between Ago2 knock-down and control 3T3-L1 cells, incorporation of [(14)C]glucose or acetate into triacylglycerol, and steady-state levels of triacyglycerol were all reduced, suggesting a role for miRNAs in adipocyte metabolism. To study roles of specific miRNAs in adipocyte biology, we screened for miRNAs that are differentially expressed between preadipocytes and adipocytes for the 3T3-L1 and ST2 cell lines. Distinct subsets of miRNAs decline or increase during adipocyte conversion, whereas most miRNAs are not regulated. One locus encoding two miRNAs, 378/378*, contained within the intron of PGC-1beta is highly induced during adipogenesis. When overexpressed in ST2 mesenchymal precursor cells, miRNA378/378* increases the size of lipid droplets and incorporation of [(14)C]acetate into triacylglycerol. Although protein and mRNA expression levels of C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and PPARgamma1 are unchanged, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicate that a set of lipogenic genes are upregulated, perhaps due to increased expression of PPARgamma2. Knock-down of miRNA378 and/or miRNA378* decreases accumulation of triacylglycerol. Interestingly, we made the unexpected finding that miRNA378/378* specifically increases transcriptional activity of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta on adipocyte gene promoters.
Biosignal monitoring system for mobile telemedicine (2005)

This paper describes the design of a prototype integrated mobile telemedicine system that is compatible with existing public mobile telecommunication network, CDMA 1xEVDO. The mobile telemedicine system consists of two parts. One is a physiological signal measuring part, and the other is a PC system for the signal processing and telecommunication. The system uses NetMeeting to transmit video, audio and patient biosignals from a moving ambulance to a hospital and delivers to the personal computer of the doctor. The patient biosignals are noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO/sub 2/), respiration pattern, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart sound, body core temperature and blood glucose concentration. For the emergency medicine, vital signs are focused and the remote medical monitoring, consulting, and health care are intended. The mobile telemedicine system was implemented, and tested for real time medical consultation during ambulance transport. This PC based mobile telemedicine system is flexible enough to accommodate newer components in wireless communication and portable sensing technologies. The present study suggests that the mobile telemedicine system using CDMA 1xEVDO is aids to patient monitoring and diagnosis as well as a convenient means of communications in the ambulance for the emergency medical care.
Inhibitors of Cellulose Biosynthesis (2019)

Cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants is essential to cell growth and division as well as tissue formation and differentiation. Cellulose biosynthesis serves as the target of several different chemically unrelated herbicides, including dichlobenil, isoxaben, flupoxam, and indaziflam. A specific characteristic of the alkylazine class is their potency as nonselective pre-emergence herbicides. Indaziflam proved to be a major breakthrough in herbicide chemistry with regard to its application rate and spectrum of weed control. Triaziflam has been developed for use in cereals and on turf and is effective in low doses and also has a long persistence. Cobtorin was identified from a genetic screen for compounds that induce a spherical swelling phenotype in BY-2 tobacco cells. The thaxtomins represent a group of cyclic dipeptide phytotoxins produced by Streptomyces scabies and other species in the genus Streptomyces, which cause scab disease in potato and several other root crops.
Syntheses, characterizations, and crystal structures of 3d–s/d<sup>10</sup> metal complexes derived from two compartmental Schiff base ligands (2012)

Abstract The present investigation reports the syntheses, characterizations, and crystal structures of nine copper(II)/nickel(II)–s/d10 complexes, [CuIIL1NaI(ClO4)(CH3CN)] (1), [CuIIL1KI(ClO4)(CH3COCH3)] (2), [CuIIL2ZnIICl2]·CH3CN (3), [(CuIIL2)2NaI](ClO4)·CH3COCH3 (4), [(NiIIL1)2KI](ClO4) (5), [(CuIIL1)2CsI(ClO4)]·2CH3CN (6), [(NiIIL1)2CsI(ClO4)]·2H2O (7), [(CuIIL2)2SrII(H2O)2](NO3)2 (8), and [{CuIIL2LiI(H2O)}2(μ-H2O)](ClO4)2 (9), where H2L1 and H2L2 are two 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-diamine (H2LOMe) ligands in which the diamine moieties are o-phenylenediamine and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, respectively. Among these nine compounds, three (1, 2, and 3) are dinuclear, five (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) are trinuclear, and 9 is tetranuclear. Trinuclear 6 and 7 are double-decker sandwich systems. Some (in 3 and 9) or all (in 1, 2, and 4–8) of the four oxygens of the O(phenoxo)2O(methoxy)2 compartment(s) are coordinated to the second metal ion (NaI in 1 and 4, KI in 2 and 5, ZnII in 3, CsI in 6 and 7, SrII in 8, and LiI in 9). The di/tri/tetranuclear molecules in 2–9 are self-assembled by weak attractions, such as hydrogen bonds/cation (KI) π/C–H π interactions. The following self-assemblies are observed: 1-D in 3, 7, and 9, 1-D ladder in 4, 2-D in 8, and 3-D in 2 and 5. Keywords: HeterometallicCompartmental ligandsSelf-assembliess-Block metal ionsDouble-decker Acknowledgments Financial support from Government of India through DST (Project No. SR/S1/IC–42/2011) and CSIR (Fellowship to S. Mondal) is gratefully acknowledged. DST-FIST is acknowledged for providing Single Crystal X-Ray Diffractometer Facility at Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta.
An automatic tuning technique for background frequency calibration in gyroscope interfaces based on high order bandpass Delta-Sigma modulators (2015)

Achieving high quality measurements with continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator based micromachined gyroscope systems requires matching the resonant frequencies of the drive and of the sense loops. This work presents a system that synchronizes and calibrates the frequency of the electrical filter to the resonance frequency of the sensor. It is employed in a fourth order continuous-time bandpass Delta-Sigma based gyroscope system. The synchronization process is done in the background without interrupting the normal operation of the gyroscope's closed-loop interface. Simulations show that the proposed synchronization/calibration technique reduces the error in the electrical resonant frequency to less than 0.4% relative to the mechanical resonant frequency.
Quantification of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid in Green and Roasted Coffee Samples Using HPLC-DAD and Evaluation of the Effect of Degree of Roasting on Their Levels (2021)

Chlorogenic acid and caffeine are among the important components in coffee beans, determining the taste and aroma. In addition, phenols and antioxidants content possess vital health values. The main aim of this study is to determine the levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in several coffee samples of different origins and degrees of roasting. The coffee samples were extracted using hot water. The levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acid were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a diode array detector, a reverse phase system, and an ODS column (C18). Total phenol and antioxidant contents were previously determined for the same samples. The results showed that the highest content of caffeine was found in the medium roasted coffee (203.63 mg/L), and the highest content of chlorogenic acid content was found in the green coffee (543.23 mg/L). The results demonstrated a negative correlation between the chlorogenic acid levels with the degree of roasting, while it showed a positive correlation between the caffeine levels with the degree of roasting till a certain point where the levels dropped in the dark roasted coffee. The origin of coffee samples did not show any effect on any of the measured variables. Antioxidant effects of coffee samples were largely determined by chlorogenic acid content.
Galectin-3-binding protein: a serological and histological assessment in accordance with hepatitis C-related liver fibrosis (2010)

Our recent findings confirm our initial proteome results on serological and histological level as well as the role of G3BP as a marker of hepatitis C-related fibrosis, especially cirrhosis. Implication of this protein in future multi-marker study should be considered.
<sup>18</sup>O‐labeled nucleosides 3. Preparation and mass spectrometric evaluation of <sup>18</sup>O<sup>2</sup>‐labeled ara‐C and ara‐U (1982)

Abstract A facile method for the preparation of 18 O labeled ara‐C and ara‐U is described. The method provides a means of incorporating 18 O specifically at the 2‐position of the nucleobase. The site and level of label was established using mass spectrometry.
Multiagent Sensor Fusion for Connected & Autonomous Vehicles to Enhance Navigation Safety (2019)

Today, autonomous vehicle (AV) navigation systems rely solely on local sensor data feed for safe & reliable navigation. However, it is not uncommon for sensor data to contain erroneous measurements resulting in false predictions, classified as either false positives (predict non-existent obstacle) or false negatives (e.g., missed obstacle). In this paper, we propose a methodology to identify and minimize false negatives in autonomous vehicle navigation, since these are arguably the most dangerous. According to the methodology, each autonomous agent simultaneously localizes and maps its local environment. This map, in turn, is encoded into a low-resolution message and shared with nearby agents via DSRC, a wireless vehicle communication protocol. Next, the agents distributively fuse this information together to construct a world interpretation. Each agent then statistically analyzes its own interpretation with respect to the world interpretation for the common regions of interest. The proposed statistical algorithm outputs a measure of similarity between local and world interpretations and identifies false negatives (if any) for the local agent. This measure, in turn, can be used to inform the agents to update their kinematic behavior in order to account for any errors in local interpretation. The efficacy of this methodology in resolving false negatives is shown in simulation.
Molecular beam epitaxy using bismuth as a constituent in InAs and a surfactant in InAs/InAsSb superlattices (2014)

Alloying bismuth with InAs provides a ternary material system near the 6.1 Å lattice constant, which covers the technologically important mid- and long-wavelength infrared region. One challenge for this material system is that it is not straightforward to incorporate bismuth into the bulk InAs lattice, since bismuth has a tendency to surface-segregate and form droplets during growth. In this work, the conditions for InAsBi growth using molecular beam epitaxy are explored. A growth window is identified (temperatures ⪞ 270 °C, V/III flux ratios 0.98 ⪝ As/In ⪝ 1.02, and Bi/In ≅ 0.065) for droplet-free, high-quality crystalline material, where InAsBi layers with compositions of up to 5.8% bismuth (nearly lattice-matched to GaSb) are attained. The structural quality of InAsBi bulk and quantum well samples is evaluated using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The optical quality is assessed using photoluminescence, which is observed from quantum well structures up to room temperature and from thick, low Bi-content bulk layers at low temperatures. Bismuth is also used as a surfactant during the growth of InAs/InAsSb superlattices at 430 °C where it is observed that a small bismuth flux changes the surface reconstruction of InAs from (2×1) to (1×3), reduces the sticking coefficient of antimony, results in a slight increase in photoluminescence intensity, does not significantly incorporate, and does not alter the surface morphology.