gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential fatty acids and epidermal integrity (1987)

• The intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum contain multilamellar lipid sheets derived from the extruded contents of lamellar granules. In the absence of linoleic acid, lamellar granules appear empty, and only fragmentary extracellular sheets are found. This defective differentiation is attributable to substitution of oleate for linoleate in<i>O</i>-acylsphingolipids. Normally, linoleate is ester-linked to 30- to 34-carbon ω-hydroxyacids, which, in turn, are amide-linked to sphingosine. Acylglucosylceramides, bearing a β-D-glucosyl moiety on the sphingosine, may provide the driving force for lamellar granule assembly. The ω-hydroxyacyl chains are long enough to span a lipid bilayer, while the linoleate inserts into an adjacent bilayer. This interaction could promote assembly of lamellar granules. It has also been proposed that acylceramides may stabilize the extracellular sheets by a similar mechanism. In addition, the horny cell has been found to possess a covalently bound lipid envelope consisting principally of ω-hydroxyacylsphingosines derived from<i>O</i>-acylsphingolipids. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1987;123:1381-1384)
Fluorescence changes reveal kinetic steps of muscarinic receptor–mediated modulation of phosphoinositides and Kv7.2/7.3 K+ channels (2009)

G protein-coupled receptors initiate signaling cascades. M(1) muscarinic receptor (M(1)R) activation couples through Galpha(q) to stimulate phospholipase C (PLC), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)). Depletion of PIP(2) closes PIP(2)-requiring Kv7.2/7.3 potassium channels (M current), thereby increasing neuronal excitability. This modulation of M current is relatively slow (6.4 s to reach within 1/e of the steady-state value). To identify the rate-limiting steps, we investigated the kinetics of each step using pairwise optical interactions likely to represent fluorescence resonance energy transfer for M(1)R activation, M(1)R/Gbeta interaction, Galpha(q)/Gbeta separation, Galpha(q)/PLC interaction, and PIP(2) hydrolysis. Electrophysiology was used to monitor channel closure. Time constants for M(1)R activation (<100 ms) and M(1)R/Gbeta interaction (200 ms) are both fast, suggesting that neither of them is rate limiting during muscarinic suppression of M current. Galpha(q)/Gbeta separation and Galpha(q)/PLC interaction have intermediate 1/e times (2.9 and 1.7 s, respectively), and PIP(2) hydrolysis (6.7 s) occurs on the timescale of M current suppression. Overexpression of PLC accelerates the rate of M current suppression threefold (to 2.0 s) to become nearly contemporaneous with Galpha(q)/PLC interaction. Evidently, channel release of PIP(2) and closure are rapid, and the availability of active PLC limits the rate of M current suppression.
Curvelet feature extraction and matching for image retrieval (1997)

No abstract available.
Systematic review: Efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders [RETIRED] (2014)

The following were studied in patients with MS: (1) Spasticity: oral cannabis extract (OCE) is effective, and nabiximols and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are probably effective, for reducing patient-centered measures; it is possible both OCE and THC are effective for reducing both patient-centered and objective measures at 1 year. (2) Central pain or painful spasms (including spasticity-related pain, excluding neuropathic pain): OCE is effective; THC and nabiximols are probably effective. (3) Urinary dysfunction: nabiximols is probably effective for reducing bladder voids/day; THC and OCE are probably ineffective for reducing bladder complaints. (4) Tremor: THC and OCE are probably ineffective; nabiximols is possibly ineffective. (5) Other neurologic conditions: OCE is probably ineffective for treating levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson disease. Oral cannabinoids are of unknown efficacy in non-chorea-related symptoms of Huntington disease, Tourette syndrome, cervical dystonia, and epilepsy. The risks and benefits of medical marijuana should be weighed carefully. Risk of serious adverse psychopathologic effects was nearly 1%. Comparative effectiveness of medical marijuana vs other therapies is unknown for these indications.
Generation of aminoborane monomers RR′NBH<sub>2</sub>from amine–boronium cations [RR′NH–BH<sub>2</sub>L]<sup>+</sup>: metal catalyst-free formation of polyaminoboranes at ambient temperature (2014)

Protonation of MeRNH·BH3 (R = Me or H) with HX (X = B(C6F5)4, OTf, or Cl), followed by immediate, spontaneous H2 elimination, yielded the amine-boronium cation salt [MeRNH·BH2(OEt2)][B(C6F5)4] and related polar covalent analogs, MeRNH·BH2X (X = OTf or Cl). These species can be deprotonated to conveniently generate reactive aminoborane monomers MeRN=BH2 which oligomerize or polymerize; in the case of MeNH2·BH3, the two step process gave poly(N-methylaminoborane), [MeNH-BH2]n.
Computing with heterogeneous parallel machines: advantages and challenges (2002)

Discusses the advantages of computing with heterogeneous parallel machines, and examines the research challenges for automating the use of such systems. One type of heterogeneous computing system is a mixed-mode machine, where a single machine can operate in different modes of parallelism. Another is a mixed-machine system, where a suite of different kinds of parallel machines are interconnected by high-speed links. To exploit such systems, a task must be decomposed into subtasks, where each subtask is computationally homogeneous. The subtasks are then assigned to and executed with the machines (or modes) that will result in a minimal overall execution time. Typically, users must specify this decomposition and assignment. One long-term pursuit in heterogeneous computing is to do this automatically. An overview of a conceptual model of what this involves is given. As an example of the research in this area, a genetic-algorithm-based approach to the subtask assignment and scheduling problem is explored. Open problems in heterogeneous computing are described.
Itaconic Acid Derivatives of Sulfanilamide (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTItaconic Acid Derivatives of SulfanilamidePeter L. Paytash, Malcolm J. Thompson, and Maurice E. FykesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 18, 4549–4552Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01138a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01138a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Garbage collection in a distributed object-oriented system (1993)

An algorithm for garbage collection in distributed systems with object sharing across processor boundaries is described. The algorithm allows local garbage collection at each node in the system to proceed independently of local collection at the other nodes. It requires no global synchronization or knowledge of the global state of the system and exhibits the capability for graceful degradation. The concept of a specialized dump node is proposed to facilitate the collection of inaccessible circular structures. An experimental evaluation of the algorithm is also described. The algorithm is compared with a corresponding scheme that requires global synchronization. The results show that the algorithm works well in distributed processing environments even when the locality of object references is low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
W-band, 5W solid-state power amplifier/combiner (2010)

This paper reports a W-band solid-state power amplifier with an output power of 5.2W at 95 GHz and greater than 3 watts over the 94 to 98.5 GHz band. These SOA results were achieved by combining 12 GaN MMICs in a low-loss radial-line combiner network. The 12-way combiner demonstrates an overall combining efficiency of 87.5%, and excluding combiner conductor losses (0.3 dB), exhibits a combining efficiency of 93.7% at 95GHz. The size of the 12-way amplifier/combiner is only 2.39" dia. × 1.5" length. This work represents the first application of the radial-line combiner configuration to applications at W-band frequencies, and establishes new levels of performance for solid-state power amplifiers operating at these frequencies.
Lamina Propria Cellularity and Collagen Composition: An Integrated Assessment of Structure in Humans (2009)

The total cell density of the LP and associated epithelium was intermediate between that of hyaline cartilage and dermis. The ratio of collagen type III to total collagen in the LP was similar to that of highly elastic lung parenchyma and roughly twice that of the comparatively less-elastic dermis. The average thickness of collagen fibers increased markedly with increasing LP depth, and the relatively large angular deviations in fiber orientation appeared to correspond in part to the crimped nature of LP collagen fibers.
2D Color Barcodes for Mobile Phones (2011)

We propose a new high capacity color barcode, named HCC2D (High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional), which use colors to increase the barcode data density. The introduction and recognition of colored modules poses some new and non-trivial computer vision challenges, such as handling the color distortions introduced by the hardware equipment that realizes the Print&amp;Scan process. We developed a prototype for generating and reading the HCC2D code format, both on desktops (Linux and Windows platforms) and on mobile phones (Android platforms). We tested this prototype in many experiments considering different operating scenarios and data densities, and compared it to known 2-dimensional barcodes.
Effect of Cross-Linking on Tack and Peel Strength of Polymers (1991)

Abstract In this work the influence of cross-linking on the adhesive fracture energy and the peel strength is studied choosing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a model polymer. A series of samples was prepared by electron-beam irradiation which covers the whole range from a viscoelastic liquid to a cross-linked rubber. The mechanical behaviour of these PDMS samples was characterized by mechanical spectroscopy. Tack measurements with an instrument described elsewhere5 and peel measurements show that the adhesive fracture energy after short contact times as a measure of tack and the peel strength have a pronounced maximum in the range above the gel point, where the PDMS consists of a very loose and imperfect network and a high fraction of soluble polymer. In this range debonding is connected with the formation of fibrillar structures within the polymer. Key Words: adhesive fracture energypeel strengthdynamic shear moduluscross-linkinggel pointfibrillar structure
An Electrically Reversible Switchable Surface to Control and Study Early Bacterial Adhesion Dynamics in Real‐Time (2013)

Bacterial adhesion can be controlled by applying electrical potentials to surfaces incorporating well-spaced negatively charged 11-mercaptoundecanoic acids. When combined with electrochemical surface plasmon resonance, these dynamic surfaces become powerful for monitoring and analysing the passage between reversible and non-reversible cell adhesion, opening new opportunities to advance our understanding of cell adhesion processes.
Writing Compilers and Interpreters: An Applied Approach (1991)

From the Publisher:
A practical guide to writing interpreters and compilers. Shows how to write a series of useful utilities, including an interactive debugging interpreter and a working compiler, in a top-down, incremental fashion. Hands-on approach encourages experimentation with these programs on a personal computer. Presentation is independent of operating system and compiler writing system. All the programs are written in the C language. Includes exercises.
Production of Recombinant Proteins by Hairy Roots Cultured in Plastic Sleeve Bioreactors (2004)

Plant-based expression of recombinant proteins offers significant advantages over transgenic animal-and cell-based systems. Unlike bacteria, plants perform the complex protein-processing steps required to produce eukaryotic proteins in active form. In order to facilitate protein production and purification we used hairy root cultures as a secretion-based in vitro plant system. We utilized the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as our model protein and expressed it for secretion in tobacco hairy root cultures. For large scale production of GFP, we adapted the Life-Reactor trade mark plastic sleeve bioreactor for growth of hairy roots in cultures containing up to 5 L of medium. Yields higher than 800 micro g of GFP per liter of culture were obtained after 21 d of incubation, representing almost 20% of the total secreted protein. The use of the plastic sleeve bioreactor system for expression of proteins in hairy roots allows for continuous or inducible production and recovery, while maintaining absolute containment, of the recombinant product.
Performance Evaluation of the Apache Traffic Server and Varnish Reverse Proxies (2012)

The aim of this thesis was to investigate different performance aspects of two reverse proxy cache servers which are called Varnish and Apache Traffic Server. It uses the tool Web Polygraph to generate various types of web traffic workloads.Both artificial and realistic workloads were designed and generated for each proxy in an identical test set up. In addition several system metrics(so-called Surrogate tests) were collected simultaneously to have the overview of overall system performance.For the experiments conducted in this research, the results indicated that Apache Traffic Server reached better cache hit rates and slightly better bandwidth throughput with the cost of higher system and net work resource usage. Varnish on the other hand managed to response higher request rates with better response time, especially for the cache hits. The findings in this thesis indicates that Varnish seems to be more promising reverse proxy.
Basement membrane composition of cartilage canals during development and ossification of the epiphysis (1995)

Concurrent with chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization of the hyaline matrix, rapid changes in both the morphology of the vessel and distribution of the antibodies were detected. In addition to the presence of laminin at the interface of the endothelium and the hyaline matrix, a wide distribution within the connective tissue components of the newly ossifying matrix of epiphyseal bone could be detected. Type IV collagen remained closely associated with the lumens of the intra-canalicular vessels throughout the transition. Following ossification of the secondary center, staining for Type IV collagen could then be detected in the bone-forming regions of transforming matrix as well, clearly delineating the individual vessels within the newly formed marrow spaces. This suggests that bone formation is intimately related to vessel staining for collagen type IV, and that acquired vessel competence is a facet of endochondral bone formation that results from provisional matrix changes. Furthermore, the data suggests that during bone formation under tension, basement membrane deposition can be demonstrated without an intermediary hyaline matrix hypertrophic chondrocyte phase. This data was interpreted to suggest that chondrocyte hypertrophy at the growth plate may be a reaction to vascular invasion, that in turn, stimulates adjacent chondrocyte proliferation.
Spectral hole burning in polysilanes (1988)

The first observation of hole burning in the optical spectra of delocalized polymer backbone states is reported. The polymer chosen for this study is poly−(di−n−hexyl)−silane, consisting of chains of roughly 5100 silicon atoms. Absorption spectra of polysilane in solution at 1.6K and 77K are reported.(AIP)
[Physical training 2 months after myocardial infarct]. (1985)

Two months after myocardial infarction, 30 patients were subjected to a 10-week physical training course. Following the training, their threshold capacity grew by 46%. The effect of training (increased threshold capacity, reduced double product at submaximum effort) persisted for 1 year after myocardial infarction. In 28 control-group patients, changes of threshold capacity and double product at submaximum effort were not significant over the first post-infarction year. A relatively early post-infarction physical training is not associated with complications and largely speeds up physical rehabilitation.
Bandwidth considerations for multilevel converters (1999)

Multilevel converters can achieve an overall effective switch frequency multiplication and consequent ripple reduction through the cancellation of the lowest order switch frequency terms. This paper investigates the harmonic content and the frequency response of these multimodulator converters. It is shown that the transfer function of uniformly sampled modulators is a bessel function associated with the inherent sampling process. Naturally sampled modulators have a flat transfer function, but multiple switchings per switch cycle will occur unless the input is slew-rate limited. Lower sideband harmonics of the effective carrier frequency and, in uniform converters, harmonics of the input signal also limit the useful bandwidth. Observations about the effect of the number of converters, their type (naturally or uniformly sampled), and the ratio of modulating frequency and switch frequency are made.
Quasi-breath-hold (QBH) Biofeedback in Gated 3D Thoracic MRI: Feasibility Study (2014)

The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis that quasi-breath-hold (QBH) biofeedback improves the residual respiratory motion management in gated 3D thoracic MR imaging, reducing respiratory motion artifacts with insignificant acquisition time alteration. To test the hypothesis five healthy human subjects underwent two gated MR imaging studies based on a T2 weighted SPACE MR pulse sequence using a respiratory navigator of a 3T Siemens MRI: one under free breathing and the other under QBH biofeedback breathing. The QBH biofeedback system utilized the external marker position on the abdomen obtained with an RPM system (Real-time Position Management, Varian) to audio-visually guide a human subject for 2s breath-hold at 90% exhalation position in each respiratory cycle. The improvement in the upper liver breath-hold motion reproducibility within the gating window using the QBH biofeedback system has been assessed for a group of volunteers. We assessed the residual respiratory motion management within the gating window and respiratory motion artifacts in 3D thoracic MRI both with/without QBH biofeedback. In addition, the RMSE (root mean square error) of abdominal displacement has been investigated. The QBH biofeedback reduced the residual upper liver motion within the gating window during MR acquisitions (6 minutes) compared to that for free breathing, resulting in the reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in lung and liver of gated 3D thoracic MR images. The abdominal motion reduction in the gated window was consistent with the residual motion reduction of the diaphragm with QBH biofeedback. Consequently, average RMSE (root mean square error) of abdominal displacement obtained from the RPM has been also reduced from 2.0 mm of free breathing to 0.7 mm of QBH biofeedback breathing over the entire cycle (67% reduction, p-value=0.02) and from 1.7 mm of free breathing to 0.7 mm of QBH biofeedback breathing in the gated window (58% reduction, p-value=0.14). The average baseline drift obtained using a linear fit was reduced from 5.5 mm/min with free breathing to 0.6 mm/min (89% reduction, p-value=0.017) with QBH biofeedback. The study demonstrated that the QBH biofeedback improved the upper liver breath-hold motion reproducibility during the gated 3D thoracic MR imaging. This system can provide clinically applicable motion management of the internal anatomy for gated medical imaging as well as gated radiotherapy.
Strategies for Editing Virulent Staphylococcal Phages Using CRISPR-Cas10 (2017)

Staphylococci are prevalent skin-dwelling bacteria that are also leading causes of antibiotic-resistant infections. Viruses that infect and lyse these organisms (virulent staphylococcal phages) can be used as alternatives to conventional antibiotics and represent promising tools to eliminate or manipulate specific species in the microbiome. However, since over half their genes have unknown functions, virulent staphylococcal phages carry inherent risk to cause unknown downstream side effects. Further, their swift and destructive reproductive cycle make them intractable by current genetic engineering techniques. CRISPR-Cas10 is an elaborate prokaryotic immune system that employs small RNAs and a multisubunit protein complex to detect and destroy phages and other foreign nucleic acids. Some staphylococci naturally possess CRISPR-Cas10 systems, thus providing an attractive tool already installed in the host chromosome to harness for phage genome engineering. However, the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas10 immunity against virulent staphylococcal phages and corresponding utility as a tool to facilitate their genome editing has not been explored. Here, we show that the CRISPR-Cas10 system native to Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibits robust immunity against diverse virulent staphylococcal phages. On the basis of this activity, a general two-step approach was developed to edit these phages that relies upon homologous recombination machinery encoded in the host. Variations of this approach to edit toxic phage genes and access phages that infect CRISPR-less staphylococci are also presented. This versatile set of genetic tools enables the systematic study of phage genes of unknown functions and the design of genetically defined phage-based antimicrobials that can eliminate or manipulate specific Staphylococcus species.