gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Alterations in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Therapeutic Ultrasound Irradiation (2005)

Restoration of blood supply to tissue with impaired perfusion depends on spontaneous or mediated angiogenesis, which among other mechanisms includes stimulation, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). Therapeutic ultrasound (US) irradiation is known as an inducer of cellular modifications and is used to accelerate wound healing. An in vitro setup was developed in order to allow for a comprehensive investigation of cellular alterations induced in cultured ECs after exposure to different modes of therapeutic US irradiation. Viability assays revealed a higher rate of proliferation in the sonicated groups, although cell death was not observed. Visualization of actin stress fibers demonstrated partial disassembly of the fibers immediately after US sonication, with a maximum after about 2 h. However, 24 h following sonication the fibers regain normal appearance. A similar behavior was observed with the microtubules and focal adhesion complexes. Utilizing a wound healing assay revealed that migration rate of ECs is enhanced by US irradiation. These findings hint that therapeutic US sonication of ECs results in temporarily cellular alterations, which may induce tissue remodeling via stimulation of EC proliferation and migration.
MEMS composite porous silicon/polysilicon cantilever sensor for enhanced triglycerides biosensing (2008)

A novel composite porous silicon/polysilicon microcantilever for biosensing applications with enhanced sensitivity is reported. It is fabricated by surface mi cromachining of polysilicon cantilevers followed by the formation of the surface porous layer after release by Reaction Induced Vapor Phase Stain Etch. The microcantilevers with porous surface layer are characterized by their morphology that exhibits a dual macro and nanostructure for very effective immobilization of biomolecules. The current work focuses on the fabrication of composite porous silicon/polysilicon microcantilevers, characterization of their morphology and demonstration of improved immobilization of enzymes resulting in enhanced sensing of triglycerides.
TAKING THE MEASURE OF E‐MARKETING SUCCESS (2002)

Don't just cross your fingers and hope your e‐marketing initiatives are paying off, measure the payoff.
Prevent seasonal influenza : vaccinate : vaccines - influenza (2015)

Annually influenza epidemics are estimated to cause between three and five million cases of severe illness and between 250 000 and 500 000 deaths worldwide.
A phase I clinical trial of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (1988)

We performed a Phase I assessment of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF-alpha) in 27 patients with advanced solid neoplasms. Therapy consisted of a 30-minute intravenous (IV) infusion on days 1 through 5, every 2 to 3 weeks. Daily doses ranged from 5 micrograms/m2 to 200 micrograms/m2. Dose-limiting sequelae were hypotension, rigors, and phlebitis. Transient fatigue and fever (median, 38 degrees C) were not clearly dose-related between 5 micrograms/m2/d and 150 micrograms/m2/d. Other reversible complications in three patients included transient leukopenia (leukocyte count, 1.3, 1.2 X 10(3)/microliters in two patients) at a dose of 5 micrograms/m2/d and 150 micrograms/m2/d, respectively; and thrombocytopenia (leukocyte count, 73 X 10(3)/microliters) at 10 micrograms/m2/d. Among 22 patients with initial and subsequent differential counts, the median number of eosinophils at the commencement of therapy was 182 cells/microliters compared with a subsequent median of 462 cells/microliters. We also detected hypertriglyceridemia in all patients. The median baseline increased from 93 mg/dl (range, 56 to 219 mg/dl) to 203 mg/dl (range, 94 to 454 mg/dl). From our experience, a clinically manageable outpatient regimen for Phase II trials consists of rTNF-alpha (150 micrograms/m2) followed by a 1-hour IV infusion of 500 ml of normal saline to abrogate hypotension daily for 5 days every 2 weeks for four cycles, then every 3 weeks thereafter to facilitate recovery from constitutional sequelae.
Optimised sensor network for transmitter localisation and radio environment mapping (2016)

Location and power estimation of the radio transmitters is an efficient method of providing the radio environment maps in terms of database size and computation time. In this study, a novel efficient approach for estimating the power and location of active transmitters in the predefined geo‐location is presented and the excellent results of this method are compared with other methods. Then, the raising question about number of required receiver sensors in the network area is discussed and an analytical relation is derived for this purpose. To perform experiment, the authors used distributed receivers in a site and conveyed their collected information about the received power in the specified bandwidth to the fusion centre. The results of this study are verified by both numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Estudio comparativo del porcentaje de osteointegración entre implantes convencionales con distintas superficies e implantes experimentales (2008)

Se realizó un estudio histomorfométrico comparativo del porcentaje de osteointegración (B.I.C.: bone implant contact) entre implantes dentales comerciales, con distintas superficies (titanio liso, plasma spray de titanio, hidroxiapatita y SBM), e implantes experimentales (aleación MA-956 y superficie de rutilo), desarrollados en el Centro Nacional de Investigaciónes Metalúrgicas (CSIC). Los implantes se colocaron de forma intramedular en el extremo distal de los fémures de 36 conejos de la cepa Nueva Zelanda. Los animales fueron sacrificados a las 10 y 20 semanas. El B.I.C., cociente entre el perímetro total del implante y el perímetro en contacto directo con el tejido óseo, se valoró para cada muestra. El estudio estadístico se realizó mediante el análisis de la varianza multifactorial. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos grupos estudiados, ni con respecto al tipo de implante utilizado (p=0,16), ni con respecto al tiempo (p=0,90). Podemos concluir que los implantes experimentales empleados se han comportado de manera semejante, a lo largo del tiempo estudiado, a los implantes comerciales utilizados en la clínica de forma habitual. An histomorphometric comparative study of BIC (bone implant contact) between trading dental implants with several surfaces (smooth, titanium plasma spray, hydroxiapatita and SBM) and experimental implants (MA-956 alloy and rutile surface) developed by National Center for Metallurgical Research (CSIC), was realized. The implants were located intramedullarly in the distal femur in 36 New Zeland rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at 10 and 20 weeks. B.I.C., quotient between total perimeter of implant and contact bone-implant zones, was assessed for each sample. The statistical study was performed by multifactorial variance analysis. The results showed no significant differences between the studied groups, in relation to the type of implant (p=0.16) and the time (p=0.90). The data lead us to conclude that experimental implants and conventional implants had similar behaviour patterns through the studied period.
The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces (1971)

1. O(2) intakes were determined on subjects running and walking at various constant speeds, (a) against wind of up to 18.5 m/sec (37 knots) in velocity, and (b) on gradients ranging from 2 to 8%.2. In running and walking against wind, O(2) intakes increased as the square of wind velocity.3. In running on gradients the relation of O(2) intake and lifting work was linear and independent of speed. In walking on gradients the relation was linear at work rates above 300 kg m/min, but curvilinear at lower work rates.4. In a 65 kg athlete running at 4.45 m/sec (marathon speed) V(O2) increased from 3.0 l./min with minimal wind to 5.0 l./min at a wind velocity of 18.5 m/sec. The corresponding values for a 75 kg subject walking at 1.25 m/sec were 0.8 l./min with minimal wind and 3.1 l./min at a wind velocity of 18.5 m/sec.5. Direct measurements of wind pressure on shapes of similar area to one of the subjects yielded higher values than those predicted from the relation of wind velocity and lifting work at equal O(2) intakes. Horizontal work against wind was more efficient than vertical work against gravity.6. The energy cost of overcoming air resistance in track running may be 7.5% of the total energy cost at middle distance speed and 13% at sprint speed. Running 1 m behind another runner virtually eliminated air resistance and reduced V(O2) by 6.5% at middle distance speed.
A laboratory guide for in vivo studies of DNA methylation and protein/DNA interactions (1990)

I Introduction.- II DNA Isolation from Different Tissues and Cell Lines.- III Preparation and Treatment of Cells for Genomic Footprinting.- IV Genomic Sequencing with Taq Polymerase (Linear Amplification).- V Using Exponential Amplification and Dideoxysequencing of Genomic DNA to Study Mutations.- VI The Classical Procedure.- VII Trouble-Shooting Guide and Examples.- VIII Appendix.- IX Bibliography.- X Index.
Improved MWF algorithm applied in space time interference suppression (2011)

In the study on space-time interference suppression in GPS receiver, dimension reduced methods become one of the most critical issues because of the great amount of computations. After the model of space time adaptive filter is offered, a simplified multistage nested Wiener filter (MWF) method, which is improved on the basis of MWF model, has been proposed through analyzing the dimension reduced processing idea, and it is compared with some general dimension reduced methods for mean square error performance and signal to interference plus noise ratio performance. Simulation results show that, this improved MWF method dramatically reduces the amount of computation in GPS space-time interference suppression.
Oligocene unconformities and nodular phosphate — hardground horizons in western Southland and northern West Coast (1982)

Abstract Oligocene strata generally occur as paraconformable or condensed sequences in the New Zealand region. Descriptions are given of well‐exposed sections through Oligocene unconformities in the Waiau River (western Southland) and at Whitecliffs, Buller River (northern West Coast). In both cases the unconformities are preserved in sediment sequences of inferred basin‐margin origin with respect to contemporaneous, Oligo‐Miocene, fault‐controlled basins. At Whitecliffs, an early Oligocene angular unconformity separates the regionally transgressive Maruia Group below from the more locally transgressive, mid‐late Oligocene Cobden Group (Whitecliffs Formation) above; abundant fresh detritus from the Maruia Group occurs in breccias associated with the Cobden Group, which is separated from the overlying early Miocene Blue Bottom Group (Inangahua Formation) by a further unconformity, marked by a condensed sequence shellbed with rolled, phosphatized and glauconitized macrofossils and abundant pelagic microfauna. The shellbed has a hardground contact at its base, resulting in the incorporation of phosphatized intraclasts of Cobden Group limestone into the nodular phosphate shellbed. A similar nodular phosphate shellbed marks the contact between the Tunnel Burn limestone or Point Burn sandstone and the Garden Point mudstone in the Waiau River section in Southland, though diagenesis, particularly solution of the top of the limestone, has obscured some sedimentary detail. The phosphate present at both localities is in the form of shell replacements and mineral cements. The phosphatic nodular layers are difficult to data accurately, but probably both the Westland and Southland occurrences are mid‐late Oligocene (Ld‐Lw) and therefore of similar age to the Marshall Paraconformity. A type locality for the Marshall Paraconformity, at Squire Farm, south Canterbury, is proposed in an appendix.
Experimental measurement of the modulation transfer function of differential phase contrast CT systems (2013)

This paper concerns an experimental method to quantify the spatial resolution of an experimental DPC-CT system via modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement. Note that conventional metal wire-based MTF measurement methods are no long applicable to DPC-CT, because: (i) The refractive signal generated by the high density metal is out of the dynamic range of DPC-CT, and (ii) A DPC-CT system is not sensitive to input pulse finer than a detector pixel. These technical challenges were overcome by a new experimental design, in which a graphite rod was used as the probe to simultaneously measure the MTFs of the DPC-CT and the associated absorption CT. An appreciable difference in MTFs between DPC-CT and absorption CT was observed in our experimental benchtop system: At the 10% MTF level, the MTFs of the DPC-CT and the absorption CT are 4.7 cycles/mm and 5.2 cycles/mm, respectively. Such a difference in MTF leads to the conclusion that the grating interferometer used by the DPC-CT system has a frequency-dependent response to input DPC-CT signals.
Detection and segmentation of moving objects in highly dynamic scenes (2007)

Detecting and segmenting moving objects in dynamic scenes is a hard but essential task in a number of applications such as surveillance. Most existing methods only give good results in the case of persistent or slowly changing background, or if both the objects and the background are rigid. In this paper, we propose a new method for direct detection and segmentation of foreground moving objects in the absence of such constraints. First, groups of pixels having similar motion and photometric features are extracted. For this first step only a sub-grid of image pixels is used to reduce computational cost and improve robustness to noise. We introduce the use of p-value to validate optical flow estimates and of automatic bandwidth selection in the mean shift clustering algorithm. In a second stage, segmentation of the object associated to a given cluster is performed in a MAP/MRF framework. Our method is able to handle moving camera and several different motions in the background. Experiments on challenging sequences show the performance of the proposed method and its utility for video analysis in complex scenes.
Texture characterisation of sputtered MoS<sub>2</sub>thin films by cross-sectional TEM analysis (1990)

Cross sections of RF sputtered MoS2 thin films are investigated using lattice resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The results are compared with X-ray diffraction measurements. The films have a (001) texture (type II) in the first nanometres near the interface and a conventional (100) texture (type I) in the upper part.
A Brassica S locus gene promoter directs sporophytic expression in the anther tapetum of transgenic Arabidopsis (1991)

The S locus glycoprotein (SLG) gene of Brassica encodes stigmatic glycoproteins that are implicated in the pollen-stigma interaction of self-incompatibility. We have transformed the related plant Arabidopsis thaliana with a chimaeric gene consisting of the promoter region of an SLG gene fused to the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS). In transgenic plants the gene was expressed in two cell types of the flower. In stigmas, the timing and distribution of GUS activity was similar to that previously described for SLG expression in Brassica. In anthers, expression was detected at an earlier stage of flower development with GUS activity restricted to the tapetal cell layer. The novel finding of SLG-promoter activity in the anther supports the hypothesis that sporophytic control of self-incompatibility is a result of SLG-gene expression in the tapetum.
Multi-tenant SaaS applications (2010)

Multi-tenancy is a relatively new software architecture principle in the realm of the Software as a Service (SaaS) business model. It allows to make full use of the economy of scale, as multiple customers - "tenants" - share the same application and database instance. All the while, the tenants enjoy a highly configurable application, making it appear that the application is deployed on a dedicated server. The major benefits of multi-tenancy are increased utilization of hardware resources and improved ease of maintenance, in particular on the deployment side. These benefits should result in lower overall application costs, making the technology attractive for service providers targeting small and medium enterprises (SME). However, as this paper advocates, a wrong architectural choice might entail that multi-tenancy becomes a maintenance nightmare.
Intrinsic region length scaling of heavily doped carbon nanotube p–i–n junctions (2013)

We investigated the dependence of the transport properties of heavily doped intratube single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) p-i-n junctions on the length of the intrinsic region by using empirical self-consistent quantum transport simulations. When the length of the intrinsic region is scaled from a few angstroms to over 10 nanometers, the SWCNT p-i-n junction evolves from a tunneling diode with a large negative rectification and large negative differential resistance to one with a large positive rectification (like a conventional positive rectifying diode). The critical length of the intrinsic length is about 8.0 nm. Therefore, one can obtain nanoscale diodes of different performance types by changing the intrinsic region length.
Molecular Mechanisms of IFN-γ to Up-Regulate MHC Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation (2009)

IFN-gamma up-regulates MHC class I expression and antigen processing and presentation on cells, since IFN-gamma can induce multiple gene expressions that are related to MHC class I antigen processing and presentation. MHC class I antigen presentation-associated gene expression is initiated by IRF-1. IRF-1 expression is initiated by phosphorylated STAT1. IFN-gamma binds to IFN receptors, and then activates JAK1/JAK2/STAT1 signal transduction via phosphorylation of JAK and STAT1 in cells. IFN-gamma up-regulates MHC class I antigen presentation via activation of JAK/STAT1 signal transduction pathway. Mechanisms of IFN-gamma to enhance MHC class I antigen processing and presentation were summarized in this literature review.
The Structural Gene for Tetanus Neurotoxin Is on a Plasmid (1984)

A pool of synthetic oligonucleotides was prepared based on the amino terminal amino acid sequence of tetanus toxin. This probe hybridized to plasmid DNA isolated from three toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani but not to plasmid DNA from a nontoxigenic strain. These results show that the structural gene for the toxin is on the plasmid. The pCL1 plasmid from one of the toxigenic strains spontaneously deleted 22 kilobase pairs of DNA to form pCL2. Strains harboring this deleted plasmid are nontoxigenic. However, the probe mixture hybridized to pCL2, indicating that the DNA encoding the amino terminus of the toxin had not been deleted. Restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of pCL1 and pCL2 were constructed and indicate the approximate location and orientation of the structural gene for tetanus toxin.
Effect of oral glutamine on whole body carbohydrate storage during recovery from exhaustive exercise (1999)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of glutamine in promoting whole body carbohydrate storage and muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery from exhaustive exercise. Postabsorptive subjects completed a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol, then consumed 330 ml of one of three drinks, 18.5% (wt/vol) glucose polymer solution, 8 g glutamine in 330 ml glucose polymer solution, or 8 g glutamine in 330 ml placebo, and also received a primed constant infusion of [1-13C]glucose for 2 h. Plasma glutamine concentration was increased after consumption of the glutamine drinks (0.7-1.1 mM, P < 0.05). In the second hour of recovery, whole body nonoxidative glucose disposal was increased by 25% after consumption of glutamine in addition to the glucose polymer (4.48 +/- 0.61 vs. 3.59 +/- 0.18 mmol/kg, P < 0.05). Oral glutamine alone promoted storage of muscle glycogen to an extent similar to oral glucose polymer. Ingestion of glutamine and glucose polymer together promoted the storage of carbohydrate outside of skeletal muscle, the most feasible site being the liver.
The Camino Intracranial Pressure Sensor: Is it Optimal Technology? An Internal Audit with a Review of Current Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Technologies (2001)

The Camino ICP sensor remains one of the most popular ICP monitoring devices for use in patients with traumatic brain injuries. However, our recent in-house assessment demonstrated the robustness of the device to be less than adequate during routine practice. In this study, more than 50% exhibited zero drift greater than 3 mmHg, which is unacceptable in a catheter tip ICP monitoring device in which zero drift and calibration cannot be checked in vivo. A review of the literature revealed that other available ICP monitoring devices may prove to be more reliable and thus more appropriate for routine clinical measurement of ICP.
Anti‐HPA‐1a‐mediated platelet phagocytosis by monocytes <i>in vitro</i> and its inhibition by Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) reactive reagents (2003)

The study was undertaken to delineate mechanisms of platelet destruction by phagocytosis during fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FAIT/NAIT) because of maternal antibodies against human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a). By employing a platelet phagocytosis assay based on the ORPEGEN flow cytometric bacterial phagocytosis test, we measured monocyte ingestion of platelets mediated by anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Moreover, we tested, as potential therapeutic agents, FcgammaR reactive reagents, for their inhibition of this process. Four of six anti-HPA-1a sera tested mediated phagocytosis of HPA-1a-positive platelets in a concentration-dependent manner. Monocyte ingestion of platelets was almost completely inhibited by cytochalasin D. No anti-HPA-1a-mediated phagocytosis was observed with anti-HPA-1a-negative platelets. The humanised anti-FcgammaRI monoclonal antibody H22 at concentrations 1-100 microg/ml, completely inhibited anti-HPA-1a-mediated phagocytosis as did similar concentrations of ivIg. By contrast, a mouse monoclonal anti-FcgammaRII (IV.3, Fab) at 10 microg/ml caused little or no suppression of platelet phagocytosis mediated by two anti-HPA-1 sera. Furthermore, the addition of anti-FcgammaRII (10 microg/ml) to sub-optimal concentrations of H22 did not significantly increase the inhibitory effect of the latter compound. Monomeric IgG (0.1-10 microg/ml) failed to suppress anti-HPA-1 mediated platelet ingestion by the phagocytes, as did anti-FcgammaRIII. To our knowledge this is a rare example of an assay that measures platelet phagocytosis in vitro. The results suggest that FcgammaRI plays a major role in anti-HPA-1a-mediated platelet phagocytosis by monocytes while FcgammaRIIa, is of little or minor importance only. Moreover, the findings indicate the use of H22 as an alternative to interavenous Ig (ivIg) in the management of FAIT/NAIT.
Bovine versus Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix (2014)

Before implantation, BADM is inherently stronger than PADM at equivalent thicknesses and considerably stronger at increased thicknesses. These results corroborate clinical data from a previous study in which PADM was associated with a higher intraoperative device failure rate. Although numerous properties of acellular dermal matrix contribute to clinical outcomes, surgeons should consider initial mechanical strength properties when choosing acellular dermal matrices for load-bearing applications such as hernia repair.