gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric Properties of Polycrystalline Lead Titanate Zirconate Compositions (1960)

Detailed data are given for the piezoelectric, elastic, and dielectric properties of lead titanate zirconate ceramic compositions near the rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary. These compositions have markedly higher electromechanical coupling factors, remanent ferroelectric charge, and coercive field, than ceramic barium titanate. Another interesting feature is a pronounced change in the free permittivity Є33T by the poling process; this change is in opposite directions for rhombohedral and tetragonal compositions. The dielectric and elastic anisotropy ratios of poled lead titanate zirconate are much greater than those of barium titanate, indicating a greater degree of alignment of domains during poling.
A GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE DESIGN OF MINIMUM-COST TWO-CONNECTED NETWORKS WITH BOUNDED RINGS (2005)

This paper presents a genetic algorithm for designing minimum-cost two-connected networks such that the shortest cycle to which each edge belongs to does not exceed a given length. We provide numerical results based on randomly generated graphs found in the literature and compare the solution quality with that of tabu search and branch and bound. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm and show promise for tackling ring-based network design problems. This paper is among the first to document the implementation of a genetic algorithm for the design of two-connected networks with the added constraint of bounded rings.
Decision support using traditional simulation and visual interactive simulation (1994)

According to a recent survey on DSS, graphics and simulation are the two most frequently used techniques in DSS building. With the rapid advancement of computer technology, especially computer graphics, a new type of simulation, namely visual interactive simulation (VIS), has been developed and used in simulation-based DSS. This paper compares VIS with traditional simulation in the context of decision support.
CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on a series of fluroquinolone derivatives for potential anti-inflammatory activity (2014)

Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships using CoMFA and CoMSIA were developed for a series of 28 fluroquinolone derivatives for prediction of anti-inflammatory activity. QSAR models with high squared correlation coefficients of up to 0.962 for CoMFA, 0.989 for CoMSIA-I and 0.987 for CoMSIA-II were established. The robustness of the model was confirmed with the help of leave-one-out cross-validation having values of 0.554 for CoMFA, 0.6 for CoMSIA-I and 0.597 for CoMSIA-II, respectively. Theoretical results were in accordance with the experimental data. Developed models highlighted the importance of steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and donor descriptors for anti-inflammatory activity.
Circumsporozoite gene of plasmodium cynomolgi (Gombak):cDNA cloning and expression of the repetitive circumsporozoite epitope. (1984)

We report the identification, sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite (CS) gene of Plasmodium cynomolgi (Gombak), a simian malaria parasite. This epitope is encoded by a DNA sequence that is tandemly repeated 10 times in the cDNA clone. Subclones that contain and express only repeats and in variable number have been constructed. We show that the binding of a specific anti-CS protein monoclonal antibody correlates positively with the number of repeats in each subclone. The CS gene of another strain of P. cynomolgi (NIH) encodes an immunodominant epitope that is immunologically distinct from that of the Gombak strain. We present evidence that these two CS genes share extensive overall homology, although the nucleotide sequences that encode the epitopes appear to be unrelated.
Robust license plate detection in nighttime scenes using multiple intensity IR-illuminator (2012)

The functionality of video surveillance is significantly degraded by the low illumination and poor visibility under the nighttime environment. However, the demand for nighttime surveillance is no less than the daytime one because of the high incidence of accidents during night. The Infrared (IR) light source with fixed intensity works for only certain distance, resulting in the defect of underexposure/overexposure due to the object being too far from/close to the light source. In this paper an innovative idea is brought up that we use a multiple intensity IR-illuminator to enhance the effective distance of license plate detection. Based on the stroke width of the license ID, license plates are detected in the images under different illuminations and then the results are integrated into a synthesized high dynamic range image, in which the license plate regions and the background scene can be better visualized. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively enlarge the monitored area in both depth and width, as well as enhance the security level of nighttime video surveillance.
A tissue explant system for assessing tendon overuse injury (2005)

Tendon overuse injuries are common athletic and occupational problems. When studying mechanisms that cause these injuries, inherent complexities associated with controlling in vivo loading necessitates alternative approaches such as in vitro organ culture. Current devices for loading explants in organ culture, whether custom-built or commercial, have various deficiencies in their loading capability, control mechanism and strain assessment. To overcome these shortcomings, an advanced tissue loading device with video strain analysis capabilities was developed for investigating overuse injuries and its performance/calibration were evaluated. Two tests were used to assess the ability of the system to create and monitor mechanical changes with overuse. Overuse loading significantly increased strains and decreased strength, showing the ability of this system to create and monitor tissue damage. Furthermore, the device design allows for its use in a standard incubator. Coupled with custom loading and data collection programs, this system is suitable for long-term overuse injury studies.
Fixed point error analysis of CORDIC processor based on the variance propagation (2003)

The effects of angle approximation and rounding in the CORDIC processor have been intensively studied for the determination of design parameters. However, the conventional analyses provide only the error bound which results in large discrepancy between the analysis and the actual implementation. Moreover, some of the signal processing architectures require the specification in terms of the mean squared error (MSE) as in the design specification of FFT processor for OFDM. This paper proposes a fixed point MSE analysis based on the variance propagation for more accurate error expression of the CORDIC processor. It is shown that the proposed analysis can also be applied to the modified CORDIC algorithms. As an example of application, an FFT processor for OFDM using the CORDIC processor is presented. The results show close match between the analysis and simulation.
Triple Phase Shift Control of an LLL Tank Based Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge Converter (2016)

Isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters (IBDCs) with high efficiency and high power density demand for complete zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all active devices for its entire operating range. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and optimization problem formulation of a triple phase shift (TPS)-controlled inductive link based voltage fed-dual active bridge (VF-DAB) converter. Limitation on natural ZVS range for the TPS-controlled inductive link based VF-DAB is presented. To extend the ZVS range in a TPS-controlled VF-DAB converter, passive auxiliary inductors are connected in parallel (LLL tank) to the primary and secondary sides of the high-frequency transformer. Analysis and subsequent numerical solutions for the TPS-controlled VF-DAB with auxiliary inductors show complete ZVS of all the mosfets for the entire operating range. Experimental results confirm complete ZVS of all mosfets under various voltage gains and load conditions. A comparative loss breakdown for the TPS-controlled LLL tank VF-DAB and the conventional inductive link VF-DAB at various operating conditions show the necessity of the additional auxiliary inductors in the conventional design for increasing optimal switching frequency of the IBDC.
Gold Catalysis in Organic Synthesis:  Efficient Cycloisomerization of α-Aminoallenes to 3-Pyrrolines (2004)

[reaction: see text] The gold(III) chloride-catalyzed cycloisomerization of various alpha-aminoallenes gave the corresponding 3-pyrrolines in good to high chemical yields. An interesting dependence of the chirality transfer and reactivity on the N-protecting group was observed. The 3-pyrrolines are highly useful intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized pyrrolines, pyrrolidines, and other natural products.
A Stochastic Programming Approach to the Airline Crew Scheduling Problem (2006)

Traditional methods model the billion-dollar airline crew scheduling problem as deterministic and do not explicitly include information on potential disruptions. Instead of modeling the crew scheduling problem as deterministic, we consider a stochastic crew scheduling model and devise a solution methodology for integrating disruptions in the evaluation of crew schedules. The goal is to use that information to find robust solutions that better withstand disruptions. Such an approach is important because we can proactively consider the effects of certain scheduling decisions. By identifying more robust schedules, cascading delay effects are minimized. In this paper we describe our stochastic integer programming model for the airline crew scheduling problem and develop a branching algorithm to identify expensive flight connections and find alternative solutions. The branching algorithm uses the structure of the problem to branch simultaneously on multiple variables without invalidating the optimality of the algorithm. We present computational results demonstrating the effectiveness of our branching algorithm.
Structured entry of radiology reports using World Wide Web technology. (1996)

Structured data entry--in which information is entered by using predetermined data elements and formats--has the potential to improve the radiology reporting process. The dependence on particular computer hardware and software platforms has posed a barrier to wider use of this approach. The World Wide Web (WWW), a client-server protocol for delivery of multimedia data via the Internet, was used to achieve platform-independent structured entry of radiology reports. A developmental system for structured entry of radiology reports, called SPIDER, incorporates a knowledge base of hierarchically organized concepts, a WWW server, and two specialized programs. The WebForm program transforms the system's knowledge into graphical WWW data-entry forms; the WebReport program converts data entered on these forms into outline-format reports. SPIDER received favorable evaluations from sonographers and physicians who used the system to record the results of several test cases. WWW technology can be used to achieve platform-independent entry of the results of radiologic procedures.
Clinical Significance of Animal Seizure Models and Mechanism of Action Studies of Potential Antiepileptic Drugs (1997)

More than 50 million persons worldwide suffer from epilepsy, many of whom are refractory to treatment with standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Fortunately, new AEDs commercialized since 1990 are improving the clinical outlook for many patients. Our growing understanding of anticonvulsant mechanisms and the relevance of preclinical animal studies to clinical antiepileptic activity have already contributed to the design of several new AEDs and should be increasingly beneficial to further efforts at drug development. Mechanisms have been identified for older AEDs [phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), valproate (VPA), barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), ethosuximide (ESM)] and newer AEDs [vigabatrin (VGB), lamotrigine (LTG), gabapentin (GBP) tiagabine (TGB), felbamate (FBM), topiramate (TPM)]. Several novel anticonvulsant mechanisms have recently been discovered. FBM appears to be active at the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor. TPM is active on the kainate/AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor and at a potentially novel site on the GABA(A) receptor. For several reasons, availability of a single AED with multiple mechanisms of action may be preferred over availability of multiple AEDs with single mechanisms of action. These reasons include ease of titration, lack of drug-drug interactions, and reduced potential for pharmacodynamic tolerance.
Galactosyltransferase‐dependent sialylation of complex and endo‐<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminidase H‐treated core <i>N</i>‐glycans in vitro (1986)

Purified beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta(1-4)galactosyltransferase and partially purified beta-galactoside alpha(2-6)-sialyltransferase were used to elongate and terminate glycan chains of agalacto-ovalbumin and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-treated yeast invertase in vitro. In the presence of both transferases, 0.1 mol sialic acid was incorporated per mol agalacto-ovalbumin within 24 h. Evidence is presented to show that purification of the galactosylated intermediate increases the efficiency of sialylation. Incorporation of sialic acid into endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-treated oligomannose glycoproteins may be useful for in vivo stabilization of these glycoproteins by preventing uptake in liver or reticuloendothelial cells.
The development of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S): A multifactorial measure for a complex emotion (2018)

Awe is a complex emotion composed of an appraisal of vastness and a need for accommodation. The purpose of this study was to develop a robust state measure of awe, the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S), based on the extant experimental literature. In study 1, participants (N = 501) wrote about an intense moment of awe that they had experienced and then completed a survey about their experience. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor structure, including: altered time perception (F1); self-diminishment (F2); connectedness (F3); perceived vastness (F4); physical sensations (F5); need for accommodation (F6). Internal consistency was strong for each factor (α ≥ .80). Study 2 confirmed the 6-factor structure (N = 636) using fit indices (CFI = .905; RMSEA = .054). Each factor of the AWE-S is significantly correlated with the awe items of the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (D-PES). Triggers, valence, and themes associated with awe experiences are reported.
Rapid and correct identification of intestinal Bacteroides spp. with chromosomal DNA probes by whole-cell dot blot hybridization (1988)

A dot blot hybridization procedure with 32P-labeled whole chromosomal DNA of the type strains as probes was developed as a rapid and simple method for identification of intestinal Bacteroides species. Bacterial cells were fixed onto membrane filters by slight suction, treated with 0.5 N NaOH, and hybridized with these probes. Of 65 Bacteroides strains isolated from 19 human fecal specimens, which were identified as B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. caccae, B. uniformis, B. stercoris, B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, and B. merdae by conventional phenotypic characterization, 62 (95%) were correctly identified with this hybridization procedure.
Laser-based measurements of 18O/16O stable isotope ratios (&delta;18O) in wine samples (2013)

Abstract: Wine counterfeiting is an international, multi-billion dollar issue, with some estimates suggesting that up to 5% of wines sold at auctions or secondary markets are fraudulent. Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) measurements of the 18 O/ 16 O stable isotope ratio (δ 18 O) of water-in-wine have been used for wine authentication; however, these analyses are time-consuming and costly. In this preliminary study, off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) is used to quantify δ 18 O in wines. This laser-based method has been extensively used to study water isotopes for hydrological and medical applications. Recently, the development of a spectral contaminant identifier (SCI) has extended the application of these OA-ICOS analyzers to contaminated water samples (eg, plant, soil, and leaf waters). Here, we utilize OA-ICOS with the SCI to characterize wine samples (9%–15% ethanol), and show that the laser-based instrument provides a δ 18 O measurement precision of ±0.07‰ (1σ) and agrees with IRMS to within ±0.63‰ (1σ). Moreover, by training the SCI on isotopically-characterized wines, the agreement with IRMS improves to within ±0.30‰ (1σ). The utility of the instrument is demonstrated by measuring watered and mixed wines. The method presented here can be readily extended to address other food authentication applications. Keywords: wine isotopes, wine fraud, counterfeit wines, OA-ICOS
Characterization of Vegetable Oils by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting:  Classification, Quality, Adulteration, and Aging (2005)

An improved approach for the direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of vegetable oils is described. The more polar components of the oils, including the fatty acids, are simply extracted with methanol/water (1:1) solution and analyzed by direct infusion ESI-MS in both the negative and positive ion modes. This fingerprinting analysis was applied to genuine samples of olive, soybean, corn, canola, sunflower, and cottonseed oil, to admixtures of these oils, and samples of aged soybean oil. ESI-MS fingerprints in the positive ion mode of the extracts divide the oils into well-defined groups, as confirmed by principal component analysis, whereas ESI-MS fingerprints in the negative ion mode clearly differentiate olive oil from the five other refined oils. The method is also shown to detect aging and adulteration of vegetable oils.
Variations in collagen fibril structure in tendons (1982)

Abstract Variation of collagen fibril structure in tendon was investigated by x‐ray diffraction. Anatomically distinct tendons from single species, as well as tendons from different species, were examined to determine the variations that exist in both the axial and lateral structure of the collagen fibrils. The meridional diffraction is derived from the axial collagen fibril structure. Anatomically distinct tendons of a particular species give meridional patterns that are indistinguishable within experimental error. The meridional diffraction patterns from tendons of different mammals are similar but show small species‐specific variations, most noticeably in the 14th–18th orders. Tendons of birds also give meridional patterns that are similar to each other, but the avian patterns differ considerably from the mammalian ones. Avian tendons give stronger odd and weaker even low orders, a feature consistent with a reduced gap:overlap ratio, and have a distinctive intensity pattern for the higher meridional orders. Interpretation of these differences has been approached using biochemical data, diffraction by reconsituted fibers of purified collagen, and Fourier transform analysis. From these methods, it appears that the variations observed in the lower orders (2nd–8th) and in the higher orders (29th–52nd) are probably related to differences in the primary structure of the Type I collagen found in the different species. The variations observed in the 14th–18th orders appear not to be related to features within the triple‐helical domain of the molecule. Equatorial diffraction yields information on the lateral packing of collagen molecules in the fibrils, and considerable variation was seen in different tendons. Rat tail tendon gives sharp Bragg reflections, demonstrating the presence of a crystalline lateral arrangement of molecules in the fibril. For the first time, sharp lattice reflections similar to those in rat tail tendon have been observed in nontail tendons, including rat achilles tendon, rabbit leg tendon, and wing and leg tendons of quail. In the rabbit and quail tendons, one of the strong equatorial reflections characteristic of the rat tendon pattern, at 1.26 nm, was absent. The positions of the equatorial maxima, which are a measure of intermolecular spacing, varied considerably, being smallest in the specimens displaying crystalline packing. The intermolecular distance in chiken and turkey leg tendons is longer than that found in mammalian tendons, or in avian wing tendons, which supports the hypothesis that a larger intermolecular spacing is characteristic of tendons that calcify. Thus, x‐ray diffraction indicates there are reproducible differences in both the axial and lateral structure of collagen fibrils among different tendons. This work on tendon, a tissue containing almost exclusively Type I collagen as its major component, should serve as a basis for analyzing the structure of other connective tissues, which contain different genetic types of collagen and larger amounts of noncollagenous components.
Microgels as supports for α-chymotrypsin (1987)

α-Chymotrypsin is conjugated to carboxy-bearing microgels with a water-soluble carbodi-imide. The Michaelis–Menten parameters of the conjugated enzyme versus N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester are almost identical with those for the native enzyme except at low pH where coagulation of the microgel occurs. The enzyme covers ca. 9% of the ‘wet’ microgel surface. Control experiments with carboxymethyl-Sephadex as an insoluble analogue of the microgel indicate that the enzyme is deeply bound in the Sephadex particle consistent with altered Michaelis–Menten parameters of this conjugate.
Growth and end‐product formation in fermenter cultures of <i>Brochothrix thermosphacta</i> ATCC 11509 <sup>T</sup> and two psychrotrophic <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. in different gaseous atmospheres (1984)

The effects of different gaseous atmospheres were determined on the maximum specific growth rate (mumax) and end-product formation by Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T, Lactobacillus viridescens SMRICC 174 and Lactobacillus sp. SMRICC 173 (homofermentative). The highest mumax-values for Lact. viridescens (0.47/h) and Broc. thermosphacta (0.49/h) were obtained in air. Under anaerobic conditions mumax was reduced, an atmosphere containing CO2 alone giving the greatest reduction. Lactobacillus sp. 173 did not grow in air or N2. Aerobic growth was obtained by adding peroxidase while anaerobic growth occurred in the presence of 5-20% CO2. Carbon dioxide alone reduced the growth rate. All test organisms produced mainly lactic acid anaerobically. Lactobacillus viridescens also produced ethanol while Broc. thermosphacta produced small amounts of ethanol and formic acid. With O2 present, the number of end-products increased for all organisms. Lactobacillus sp. 173 produced small amounts of acetic acid and acetoin together with lactic acid. Oxygen induced acetic acid production in Lact. viridescens and Broc. thermosphacta. Aerobically, Broc. thermosphacta also produced a large amount of acetoin and smaller amounts of 2,3-butanediol, iso-valeric acid and iso-butyric acid. The production of lactic acid by Broc. thermosphacta was completely prevented under strictly aerobic conditions. All test organisms consumed O2 during aerobic growth. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by Lact. viridescens and Lactobacillus sp. 173.