gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature matching in 360 degrees waveforms for robot navigation (2002)

A target location is represented by compressing a 360 degrees image from a spherical mirror into a circular waveform. Navigation tasks are specified as a sequence of homing tasks on target locations. This is accomplished by matching landmarks from the current view with the next target view. A method is provided for matching using qualitative geometric features of each of the waveforms. In addition, a geometric analysis allows one to do 3-D reasoning about the environment, which is sufficient for computing the rotation and translation between the current location and the target location. It eventually may allow acquisition of a 3-D model of the environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the antifungal activities of the novel synthesized chelating co-polymer emulsion lattices and their silver complexes (2008)

Etudes de l'activite antifongique des nouveaux composes synthetiques de co-polymeres de chelation en emulsion et de leurs complexes d'argent. Des nouveaux composes binaires de chelation de co-polymeres d'acrylate de butyle avec les acides itaconique et maleique ont ete prepares par polymerisation en emulsion. La chelation de co-polymeres d'acrylate de butyle-co-acide itaconique (BuA/IA) et d'acrylate de butyle-co-acide maleique (BuA/MA) et leurs complexes d'argent ont ete identifies et caracterises par spectroscopie infrarouge et par des mesures de calorimetrie differentielle a balayage. Les activites biologiques de ces composes ont ete etudiees dans differents types de souches fongiques. Le dosage et le taux de lixiviation des ions d'argent ont ete controles par type de co-polymeres utilise et la solubilite dans le milieu. Les resultats confirment que les polymeres contenant des biocides chimiquement lies sont utiles pour empecher la croissance des micro-organismes. L’absorption d’argent par des souches d'organismes fongiques a ete etudiee pour preciser l'action antifongique de ces composes. Les modalites d'absorption ont ete examinees par microscopie electronique a transmission (TEM).
A Key Recovery Attack on MDPC with CCA Security Using Decoding Errors. (2016)

Algorithms for secure encryption in a post-quantum world are currently receiving a lot of attention in the research community, including several larger projects and a standardization effort from NIST. One of the most promising algorithms is the code-based scheme called QC-MDPC, which has excellent performance and a small public key size. In this work we present a very efficient key recovery attack on the QC-MDPC scheme using the fact that decryption uses an iterative decoding step and this can fail with some small probability. We identify a dependence between the secret key and the failure in decoding. This can be used to build what we refer to as a distance spectrum for the secret key, which is the set of all distances between any two ones in the secret key. In a reconstruction step we then determine the secret key from the distance spectrum. The attack has been implemented and tested on a proposed instance of QC-MDPC for 80 bit security. It successfully recovers the secret key in minutes.
Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training (2006)

The present study investigated the influence of creatine and protein supplementation on satellite cell frequency and number of myonuclei in human skeletal muscle during 16 weeks of heavy-resistance training. In a double-blinded design 32 healthy, male subjects (19-26 years) were assigned to strength training (STR) while receiving a timed intake of creatine (STR-CRE) (n=9), protein (STR-PRO) (n=8) or placebo (STR-CON) (n=8), or serving as a non-training control group (CON) (n=7). Supplementation was given daily (STR-CRE: 6-24 g creatine monohydrate, STR-PRO: 20 g protein, STR-CON: placebo). Furthermore, timed protein/placebo intake were administered at all training sessions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at week 0, 4, 8 (week 8 not CON) and 16 of resistance training (3 days per week). Satellite cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. Muscle mean fibre (MFA) area was determined after histochemical analysis. All training regimes were found to increase the proportion of satellite cells, but significantly greater enhancements were observed with creatine supplementation at week 4 (compared to STR-CON) and at week 8 (compared to STR-PRO and STR-CON) (P<0.01-0.05). At week 16, satellite cell number was no longer elevated in STR-CRE, while it remained elevated in STR-PRO and STR-CON. Furthermore, creatine supplementation resulted in an increased number of myonuclei per fibre and increases of 14-17% in MFA at week 4, 8 and 16 (P<0.01). In contrast, STR-PRO showed increase in MFA only in the later (16 week, +8%) and STR-CON only in the early (week 4, +14%) phases of training, respectively (P<0.05). In STR-CRE a positive relationship was found between the percentage increases in MFA and myonuclei from baseline to week 16, respectively (r=0.67, P<0.05). No changes were observed in the control group (CON). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates for the first time that creatine supplementation in combination with strength training amplifies the training-induced increase in satellite cell number and myonuclei concentration in human skeletal muscle fibres, thereby allowing an enhanced muscle fibre growth in response to strength training.
RECOVERY OF ZINC(II) FROM ACIDIC SULFATE SOLUTIONS. SIMULATION OF COUNTER-CURRENT EXTRACTION-STRIPPING PROCESS (2004)

Cyanex 272 and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) were used for extraction of zinc(II) from sulphate solutions. Counter-current extraction-stripping process was simulated. The simulation enabled CYANEX 272 to be selected for the recovery of zinc(II) from acidic sulphate solutions. A higher selectivity of zinc(II) extraction was the main benefit of using CYANEX 272. Technologically significant conclusions could be arrived at only when process solutions with metal contaminants were used for the studies and several extraction-washing-stripping cycles were carried out. The studies of individual extraction and/or stripping using model solutions could be only considered as an initial step and were of a limited technological value.
Ethanol Self-Administration Restores Withdrawal-Associated Deficiencies in Accumbal Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release in Dependent Rats (1996)

Basal forebrain dopamine (DA) and 5-HT neurotransmission has been implicated in the mediation of the acute reinforcing actions of ethanol. Neuroadaptation theories predict that compensatory changes in neurochemical systems that are activated by alcohol acutely may underlie symptoms of withdrawal after chronic administration. To test this hypothesis, the release of DA and 5-HT was monitored by microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens of dependent male Wistar rats at the end of a 3-5 week ethanol (8.7% w/v) liquid diet regimen, during 8 hr of withdrawal, and during renewed availability of ethanol involving (1) the opportunity to operantly self-administer ethanol (10% w/v) for 60 min, followed by (2) unlimited access to the ethanol-liquid diet. Results were compared to control groups pair-fed with ethanol-free liquid diet and trained to self-administer either ethanol or water. In nondependent rats, operant ethanol self-administration increased both DA and 5-HT release in the NAC. Withdrawal from the chronic ethanol diet produced a progressive suppression in the release of these transmitters over the 8 hr withdrawal period. Self-administration of ethanol reinstated and maintained DA release at prewithdrawal levels but failed to completely restore 5-HT efflux. 5-HT levels recovered rapidly, however, within 1 hr of reexposure to ethanol liquid diet. These findings suggest that deficits in accumbal monoamine release may contribute to the negative affective consequences ethanol withdrawal and, thereby, motivate ethanol-seeking behavior in dependent subjects.
Rapid Development of an Event Tree Modeling Tool Using COTS Software (2006)

This paper introduces a simple and powerful event tree modeling tool called EC Tree, which was developed using Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic. The tool enables the rapid construction of event trees of any complexity through easy-to-use templates, menu items, and shortcut keys. EC Tree was developed to facilitate the rapid generation of event trees for application to event based risk analyses, specifically for use in NASA's IM&S (Integrated Modeling and Simulation) team. In contrast to many other event tree modeling tools, EC Tree does not require the purchase or installation of any specialized software, other than Microsoft Office, and is simple enough for a risk analyst to use immediately, without training. Further, EC Tree was created as a generic event tree modeling tool and is thus not restricted to specific systems, domains of relevance, or scope. This paper describes EC Tree, its functionality, and the development process employed. Specific focus is given to the process of rapid prototyping, programming, testing, and software release used during the development of EC Tree, and on lessons learned. The general approach of using COTS software as a basis for rapid software development is also discussed along with the limitations of this approach. Some potential applications of EC Tree to model event based processes in the aerospace field are also discussed
Construction of secure and fast hash functions using nonbinary error-correcting codes (2002)

This paper considers iterated hash functions. It proposes new constructions of fast and secure compression functions with nl-bit outputs for integers n>1 based on error-correcting codes and secure compression functions with l-bit outputs. This leads to simple and practical hash function constructions based on block ciphers such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), where the key size is slightly smaller than the block size; IDEA, where the key size is twice the block size; Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with a variable key size; and to MD4-like hash functions. Under reasonable assumptions about the underlying compression function and/or block cipher, it is proved that the new hash functions are collision resistant. More precisely, a lower bound is shown on the number of operations to find a collision as a function of the strength of the underlying compression function. Moreover, some new attacks are presented that essentially match the presented lower bounds. The constructions allow for a large degree of internal parallelism. The limits of this approach are studied in relation to bounds derived in coding theory.
Application of intelligent monitoring for super long distance teleoperation (2002)

Time delay and limited communication capacity are the primary constraints in super-long distance telerobotic systems such as space telerobotic systems. Intelligent monitoring is efficient for this problem to provide a function which selects important scenes to help the operator through a monitoring camera. We constructed a telerobotic testbed which includes a connection through the international ISDN and typical space structure (space robot, truss structure land ORU). We conducted trans-Pacific teleoperation experiments using the testbed in ETL as the remote site and a telerobotic console at JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California) as a local site. Experimental results showed intelligent monitoring to be effective for the above problems.
Synthesis of asymmetrical multiantennary human milk oligosaccharides (2017)

Despite mammalian glycans typically having highly complex asymmetrical multiantennary architectures, chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis has almost exclusively focused on the preparation of simpler symmetrical structures. This deficiency hampers investigations into the biology of glycan-binding proteins, which in turn complicates the biomedical use of this class of biomolecules. Herein, we describe an enzymatic strategy, using a limited number of human glycosyltransferases, to access a collection of 60 asymmetric, multiantennary human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which were used to develop a glycan microarray. Probing the array with several glycan-binding proteins uncovered that not only terminal glycoepitopes but also complex architectures of glycans can influence binding selectivity in unanticipated manners. N- and O-linked glycans express structural elements of HMOs, and thus, the reported synthetic principles will find broad applicability.
Argon plasma treatment of polycarbonate: <i>In</i> <i>situ</i> spectroellipsometry study and polymer characterizations (1996)

The influence of argon plasma on polycarbonate (PC) was studied in terms of structural changes, reaction mechanisms, and adhesion. In situ ultraviolet-visible ellipsometry reveals formation of a surface layer with a higher refractive index than the untreated polymer. The increase in the refractive index is attributed to polymer densification, which in turn is attributed to crosslinking. However a decrease in the average molecular weight is also observed, and two populations of macromolecules of different sizes are detected by light scattering measurements, revealing a competition between crosslinking and degradation. The reaction mechanisms are investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance and in situ infrared ellipsometry. Degradation is caused by carbonate bond breaking, whereas crosslinking seems to be related to a decrease in methyl groups. In addition, an increase in surface acidity is detected by contact angle measurements and is attributed to photo-Fries rearrangements producing phenolic groups. The adhesion of a 1-μm-thick silica layer on PC is evaluated by the microscratch test, and its enhancement by argon plasma pretreatment is analyzed.
Investigation of a high-current pulsed magnetron discharge initiated in the low-pressure diffuse arc plasma (2002)

The paper presents the results of a study of a pulsed high-current magnetron discharge used for deposition of thin metallic films. The current-voltage characteristic of this type of discharge and its range of occurence have been investigated in relation to the magnetic field induction, the cathode material and the preionization plasma density. High-frequency oscillations of the voltage across the magnetron sputtering system caused by the repetitive variation in the conductance of the cathode-anode gap have been discovered. The achieved pulsed deposition rate for copper is 11 /spl mu/m/min.
Symmetry, stress alignment, and reorientation kinetics of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-H complex in GaAs (1993)

The symmetry, reorientation kinetics, and coupling of the ground-state energy to stress have been determined for the ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{As}}$-H complex in GaAs from uniaxial stress data. The stress-induced frequency shifts of the H-stretching vibration at 2094.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ are consistent with trigonal symmetry for the defect. The application of stress at temperatures above 85 K gives rise to a preferential alignment of the defect. The reorientation of the complex is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.26 eV. The uniaxial stress data are consistent with the hydrogen atom being on the trigonal axis between the Si acceptor and a nearest-neighbor gallium atom.
Chronic treatment with krill powder reduces plasma triglyceride and anandamide levels in mildly obese men (2013)

We have previously shown that treatment of Zucker rats and mice with diet-induced obesity with dietary docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids in the form of krill oil reduces peripheral levels of endocannabinoids, ectopic fat formation and hyperglycemia. We reported that such treatment reduces plasma endocannabinoid levels also in overweight and obese human individuals, in whom high triglycerides may correlate with high circulating endocannabinoid levels. In this study, we report the effects of krill powder, which contains proteins (34%) in addition to krill oil (61.8%), on these two parameters. We submitted 11 obese men (average BMI of 32.3 kg/m², age of 42.6 years and plasma triglycerides of 192.5 ± 96.3 mg/dl) to a 24 week dietary supplementation with krill powder (4 g/day per os) and measured anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as blood endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and esterified DHA and EPA levels. Six subjects were included as control subjects and not given any supplements. The treatment produced, after 12 and 24 weeks, a significant increase in DHA and EPA in total plasma, a 59 and 84% decrease in anandamide plasma levels, and a 22.5 and 20.6% decrease in triglyceride levels, respectively. There was also a significant decrease in waist/hip ratio and visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass ratio at 24 weeks, but no change in body weight. These data confirm that dietary krill powder reduces peripheral endocannabinoid overactivity in obese subjects, and might ameliorate some parameters of the metabolic syndrome.
Characterization of one-dimensional position sensitive detectors with improved efficiency and position resolution for neutron spectrometers (2007)

Development and characterization of one-dimentional (1D) position sensitive detectors (PSDs) with improved efficiency and position resolution for neutron scattering applications are reported. The PSDs are characterized for energy resolution, count rate capability, sensitivity, efficiency, position resolution, and uniformity of response over the sensitive length. The studies are carried out to verify the dependence of position resolution on detector geometry, electronic noise, and stopping power of the fill gas. One of the PSDs is mounted on the small angle neutron scattering spectrometer and spectra from CTAB micelle sample are recorded using 5.4 A neutrons. A gain of factors 1.1 and 1.2 is obtained compared to earlier in house made 1D PSD and LND-made 1D PSD, respectively. The diffraction patterns from standard vanadium, nickel, and silicon samples are recorded on a powder diffractometer using newly designed PSDs. Gain in efficiency obtained at shorter wavelength of 0.783 A is by a factor of 1.6. All high pressure PSDs show improvement in the position resolution by 2-3 mm. It is observed that 1D PSD filled with isobutane as stopping gas improves the gamma tolerance and position resolution at lower partial pressures as compared to Kr. It is advantageous to use two or more 36C-type PSDs stacked together. It is economic and gives better efficiency due to scanning more beam height.
Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor System for Temperature and Strain Monitoring Based on Brillouin Optical-Fibre Frequency-Domain Analysis (2009)

We report on the development of a distributed fibre optic monitoring system for detection of strain and temperature along single-mode fibres. The system is based on the Brillouin optical-fibre frequency-domain analysis (BOFDA). In order to bring down costs of the measuring device, the sideband technique has been implemented for the BOFDA analysis. The use of only one low-cost DFB laser has eliminated the effects of any frequency drift and therefore no tunable laser source has been demanded. We present a BOFDA setup offers digital filtering for enhancement of the dynamic range [1].
One-dimensional Growth of Zinc Crystals on a Liquid Surface (2016)

The catalyst-free growth of nanocrystals on various substrates at room temperature has been a long-standing goal in the development of material science. We report the growth of one-dimensional zinc nanocrystals on silicone oil surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C). Uniform zinc nanorods with tunable size can be obtained. The typical length and width of the nanorods are 250-500 nm and 20-40 nm, respectively. The growth mechanism can be attributed to the effect of the liquid substrate and the preferential growth direction of the crystals. This result provides a novel and simple way to fabricate the precursors (zinc crystals) for preparation of Zn-based semiconductors and other metallic crystals on liquid substrates.
Non Invasive, Multi-length Scale Characterization of Smart Materials, Membranes, Sensors with a novel high resolution and high contrast CT (2007)

We describe a novel lab-based x-ray CT (computed tomography) system for rapid non invasive multi- length scale 3D characterization of internal structures of advanced and smart materials, from composites to sensors, from mm to sub 50 nm spatial resolution and with sample dimensions from several cm to microns. Notwithstanding most smart materials and sensors are in a matrix of low Z polymer or composites (making them challenging for x-ray radiography), the novel CT has excellent contrast. Several materials of interest to the military and home land security such as composites, polymers, micro and nano materials, protective materials against projectiles and blasting, smart self healing materials, fuel cell membranes and sensors and medical implants will be discussed. The key to this technology lies in proprietary x-ray optics, including Fresnel Zone plates and high resolution and high contrast detectors fabricated by Xradia.
Idiotypic Cascades Associated with the CD4-HIV gpl20 Interaction: Principles for Idiotype-Based Vaccines (1990)

Idiotypes (Id) are antigenic determinants expressed on the variable (V) region of the immunoglobulin molecule. Id-bearing antibodies, or Ab-1, are produced upon stimulation with a given antigen. Ab-1 may elicit the production of anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) or Ab-2. The anti-Id also expresses Id determinants and may in turn elicit the production of anti-anti-Id or Ab-3. The production of Ab-1, Ab-2, and Ab-3 responses resulting from stimulation with the antigen is representative of components within an Id cascade. The existence of this Id cascade is the basis for the development of Id based strategies for controlling the immune response to infectious agents and tumors. In this review we will focus on several aspects regarding the Id cascades that may be operational during the immune response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In light of several studies which suggest the existence of Id-anti-Id interactions operating during the course of HIV infection, we will discuss the potential applications of Id based strategies in manipulating the immune response to HIV.
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (<i>IRF5</i>) gene variants are associated with multiple sclerosis in three distinct populations (2008)

These findings add IRF5 to the short list of genes shown to be associated with MS in more than one population. Our study adds to the evidence that there might be genes or pathways that are common in multiple autoimmune diseases, and that the type I interferon system is likely to be involved in the development of these diseases.