gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal MRI Evaluation of the MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2016)

The MitoPark mouse, a relatively new genetic model of Parkinson's disease (PD), has a dopaminergic neuron-specific knock-out that inactivates the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), a protein essential for mitochondrial DNA expression and maintenance. This study used multimodal MRI to characterize the neuroanatomical correlates of PD-related deficits in MitoPark mice, along with functional behavioral tests. Compared with age-matched wild-type animals, MitoPark mice at 30 weeks showed: i) reduced whole-brain volume and increased ventricular volume, indicative of brain atrophy, ii) reduced transverse relaxation time (T2*) of the substantia nigra and striatum, suggestive of abnormal iron accumulation, iii) reduced apparent diffusion coefficient in the substantia nigra, suggestive of neuronal loss, iv) reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and substantia nigra, indicative of white-matter damages, v) cerebral blood flow was not significantly affected, and vi) reduced motor activity in open-field tests, reduced memory in novel object recognition tests, as well as decreased mobility in tail suspension tests, an indication of depression. In sum, MitoPark mice recapitulate changes in many MRI parameters reported in PD patients. Multimodal MRI may prove useful for evaluating neuroanatomical correlates of PD pathophysiology in MitoPark mice, and for longitudinally monitoring disease progression and therapeutic interventions for PD.
A Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Management (2013)

In typical clustering algorithms for wireless sensor network, the remained energy of the elected cluster heads is not considered. Moreover, the service failure ratio that the cluster heads provided for nodes in clusters is not considered either. So a new clustering algorithm-MSCBRE (Maximum Succeed Communication Based on Remainder Energy) is proposed for wireless sensor network management. In this algorithm the service failure ratio is set to the ration of the remained energy to the initial energy of nodes. Based on this the elected cluster heads can provide multiple coverage to key nodes to ensure reliable communication. The experiment results show that the new algorithm is correct and effective.
Large heat pumps in Swedish district heating systems (2017)

Power-to-heat solutions like heat pumps and electric boilers are foreseen to be possible future tools to stabilise international power markets with high proportions of variable power supply. Temporary low cost electricity can be used for heat generation at times with high availability of wind and solar power through substitution of ordinary heat supply, hence contributing to increased energy system sustainability. Power-to-heat installations in district heating systems are competitive due to low specific investment and installation costs for large electric boilers, heat pumps, and heat storages. Several large-scale heat pumps were installed in Swedish district heating systems during the 1980s, since a national electricity surplus from new nuclear power existed for some years. The aim of this paper is to summarise the accumulated operation experiences from these large Swedish heat pumps to support and facilitate planning of future power-to-heat solutions with heat pumps in district heating systems. Gained experiences consider; installed capacities, capacity utilisation, heat sources used, refrigerant replacements, refrigerant leakages, and wear of mechanical components. The major conclusion is that many of the large thirty-year-old heat pumps are still in operation, but with reduced capacity utilisation due to internal competition from waste and biomass cogeneration plants in the district heating systems.
Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (1998)

In the paper we present the Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). Unlike the Probabilistic Hough Transform [4] where Standard Hough Transform is performed on a pre-selected fraction of input points, PPHT min-imises the amount of computation needed to detect lines by exploiting the difference in the fraction of votes needed to reliably detect lines with differ-ent numbers of supporting points. The fraction of points used for voting need not be specified ad hoc or using a priori knowledge, as in the Probabilistic Hough Transform; it is a function of the inherent complexity of data. The algorithm is ideally suited for real-time applications with a fixed amount of available processing time, since voting and line detection is in-terleaved. The most salient features are likely to be detected first. Experi-ments show PPHT has, in many circumstances, advantages over the Standard Hough Transform. 1
Particle Size Distribution of Particulate Matter Emitted from a Layer Operation in Southeast U.S. (2009)

This paper reports a field study on characterizing particle size distribution (PSD) of particulate matter (PM) emitted from a commercial layer operation in Southeast U.S. across three seasons from October of 2008 to April of 2009. Six low-volume (1m3/hr) total suspended particulate (TSP) samplers were used to collect PM samples in two high-rise layer houses. Laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LS13 320) was applied to measure PSD of PM samples collected by the TSP samplers. Results of the study indicate that TSP concentrations across the three seasons ranged from 888 to 5333 g/m3. TSP concentration was affected by season, animal activity, floor and equivalent air flow rate factor. It was observed that TSP concentration in winter was higher than that in spring; concentration on the second floor was higher than that on the first floor; the more active the animals were, the higher the TSP concentration; the more the fans on, the lower the concentration. Compared with PM concentration, PSD (characterized by the mass medium diameter, MMD, & geometric standard deviation, GSD) was much less affected by season, animal activity, floor and equivalent flow rate factor. The MMD was affected by floor and equivalent flow rate factor, but the degree of affection was within the range of one standard deviation. Overall MMDs of PM samples collected in fall, winter and spring were 15.801.05m, 17.130.81m and 18.441.44m, respectively. The difference of MMD among three seasons was within the range of one standard deviation. GSD was relatively constant and not affected by those factors. The overall GSD was 2.650.08.
A new paradigm for electrostatic catalysis of radical reactions in vitamin B <sub>12</sub> enzymes (2007)

The catalytic power of enzymes containing coenzyme B(12) cofactor has been, in some respects, the "last bastion" for the strain hypothesis. The present work explores the origin of this effect by using simulation methods that overcome the sampling difficulties of previous energy minimization studies. It is found that the major part of the catalytic effect is due to the electrostatic interaction between the ribose and the protein, and that the strain contribution is very small. Remarkably, enzymes can use electrostatic effects even in a radical process, when the charge distribution of the reacting fragments does not change significantly during the reaction. Electrostatic catalysis can, in such cases, be obtained by attaching a polar group to the leaving fragment and designing an active site that interacts more strongly with this group in the product state than in the reactant state. The finding that evolution had to use this trick provides further evidence to the observation that it is extremely hard to catalyze enzymatic reactions by nonelectrostatic factors. The trick used by B(12) enzymes may, in fact, be a very powerful new strategy in enzyme design.
Gas Chromatographic--Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Acrylamide and Acetamide in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke after On-Column Injection (2008)

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of two short-chained amides, acrylamide and acetamide (classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable and possible human carcinogens, respectively), in total particulate matter using gas chromatography-on-column injection and mass spectrometric detection. Sample preparation is kept to a minimum, and the proposed analytical procedure proves to be fast, sensitive, and precise. Validation studies show good linearity with a regression coefficient of r2=.000 for both compounds. Quantitation limits are 32 ng/mL for acrylamide and 70 ng/mL for acetamide. In the particulate phase of mainstream smoke from the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 2R4F, 2.3 microg/cig acrylamide and 4.7 microg/cig acetamide are found; no acetamide and only .0074 microg/cig acrylamide is found in the gas phase. Possible mechanisms of formation in cigarette smoke are discussed.
High-Resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rat Brain: Mapping Changes in Cerebral Blood Volume Using Iron Oxide Contrast Media (1998)

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was used to produce high-resolution activation maps reflecting local changes in cerebral blood volume after a simple sensory stimulus. Activation of the forelimb region of the somatosensory cortex was performed in alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized rats with an electrical stimulus (5 V, 3 Hz) delivered through needle electrodes placed subcutaneously on the left forelimb. A gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging sequence, sensitive to changes in the relative amount of deoxyhemoglobin within the cerebral vasculature, produced a 4.05%+/-1.69% increase in signal intensity. This effect was enhanced with an injection of an intravascular iron oxide contrast agent (Combidex, Advanced Magnetics), resulting in a 9.11%+/-1.52% decrease in signal intensity.
Autocatalytic Electroless Gold Deposition Using Hydrazine and Dimethylamine Borane as Reducing Agents (1991)

Hydrazine and dimethylamine borane are used as reducing agents in a new autocatalytic electroless gold plating formulation. Measurements of the kinetics of the anodic reaction have shown unique substrate/reducing agent interactions. Combining the unique characteristics of each reducing agent with improved kinetics facilitated by the addition of carbonate and triethanolamine has resulted in a plating bath with exceptional rate and stability. This formulation can be used on a variety of substrates which are normally difficult for electroless gold plating.
Some factors in the design of deflecting coils for cathode-ray beam systems (1952)

The paper deals with the deflection of a narrow beam of electrons focused on to a screen beyond the deflecting coils, and its subject matter is applicable to most types of transmitting and receiving cathode-ray tubes in which the deflecting fields exist in an otherwise field-free space.The deflecting coil is first considered as a series of long conductors parallel to the undeflected beam, and the conditions are deduced for the best field distribution. The effect of conductors of finite length and the end turns connecting them are discussed in connection with certain experimental data. The shape of screen surface on which the beam will focus after deflection and the increase of spot size are examined to show the application of the theory to design.
Hemolysis of human erythrocytes is a new bioactivity of gangliosides. (1991)

Using sheep erythrocytes and liposomes, an inhibitory effect of gangliosides has been shown on the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. However, in studies using human erythrocytes, we found that gangliosides had hemolytic activity that was possibly mediated through activation of the alternative pathway. Pretreatment of human erythrocytes obtained from healthy volunteers or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients with a ganglioside mixture purified from human erythrocytes enhanced their susceptibility to homologous human complement, and resulted in dose-dependent hemolysis. The enhancement was more marked in PNH erythrocytes than control cells. Protease treatment of the ganglioside mixture did not change its hemolytic activity, but sialidase treatment abolished the activity. Among the major erythrocyte gangliosides, II3NeuAc-LacCer (GM3) was the most potent hemolytic agent. Gangliosides purified from bovine brain were also active, while neither nonsialylated glycosphingolipids, the ceramide moiety, or sialic acid alone were active. Sialic acid residues in the ganglioside molecules were essential to this activity, but the amount of the residue or the source of the gangliosides seemed not to be important. Several treatments inhibiting the alternative but not classical complement pathway markedly reduced the ganglioside hemolytic activity. This novel bioactivity of gangliosides was thus suggested to be mediated partly by activation of the alternative pathway.
Stabilization of rat heart mitochondria by alpha-tocopherol in rats. (1997)

alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-T) acts by different mechanisms: scavenging free oxygen radicals (FOR) and stabilizing membranes; both may contribute to the prevention of the pathogenesis of diseases like cardiovascular events. The present work shows that alpha-T breaks the vicious cycle generated by damaged mitochondria. The latter stimulate the immune system increasing FOR formation that leads to more damaged mitochondria. alpha-T inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rh-TNF). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are activated by TNF to produce FOR causing lipid peroxidation of cardiomyocyte membranes. Since TNF is used as a therapeutic agent against certain tumors, treating patients with alpha-T could protect them against systemic side effects of TNF.
Cotton Response to Mepiquat Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Abstract The potential for mepiquat chloride (1,1‐dimethylpiperidinium chloride) to control excess vegetative growth and increase yield of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) was evaluated under a wide range of environmental conditions in 35 replicated experiments conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California from 1979 to 1983. Predominant soils were thermic Xeric Torriorthent's and typic Torriorthents. Yield response to mepiquat chloride (MC) has varied in production fields as well as in these tests. The focus of this study was to identify those variables which have contributed to the variability observed. Plot size among experiments varied from 15 m 2 to 1.3 ha. Mepiquat chloride was applied at 49 g ha −1 when bloom counts reached 0.7 white blooms m −1 row and plant height was between 46 to 61 cm. Overall, MC treated plots yielded 1309 compared to 1299 kg ha −1 lint for control plots and the yield response varied significantly among experiments. Forty‐six percent of this variability could be accounted for by number of heat units for the growing season and by the final plant height of control plants. Yield increases occurred when the growing season was short or when final height of control plants was either shorter or taller than normal. Yield decreases occurred when heat units ranged between 2600 to 3000 and final control plant height ranged from 90 to 110 cm. Height reduction due to MC treatment varied according to plant height (r=0.57 for n= 17) and was maximal at 105 cm. Mepiquat chloride reduced main stem nodes by 1.0, gin turnout by 0.4%, and lint proportion by 0.3%; increased percent of final yield harvestable on 19 September by 5%, fiber strength by 3 kN m kg −1 , micronaire by 0.06 units, and petiole NO 3 ‐N at first open boll by 0.5 g kg −1 ; and had no effect on fiber length, fiber elongation, petiole PO 4 ‐P and K, or NO 3 ‐N at first bloom. Typical seasonal heat units and control plant heights in the San Joaquin Valley fall within the range where a favorable yield response to MC is not predicted.
Protective effect of naringenin against experimental colitis via suppression of Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signalling (2013)

Naringenin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in citrus, grapefruits and tomatoes, has been used as a traditional anti-inflammatory agent for centuries. However, the molecular mechanism of naringenin in intestinal inflammation remains unknown so far. The present study investigated a molecular basis for the protective effect of naringenin in dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis. Pre-administration of naringenin significantly reduced the severity of colitis and resulted in down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible NO synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox2), TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA) in the colon mucosa. The decline in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, correlated with a decrease in mucosal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein. Phospho-NF-κB p65 protein was significantly decreased, which correlated with a similar decrease in phospho-IκBα protein. Consistent with the in vivo results, naringenin exposure blocked lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, in vitro NF-κB reporter assays performed on human colonic HT-29 cells exposed to naringenin demonstrated a significant inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB luciferase expression. Thus, for the first time, the present study indicates that targeted inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway might be an important mechanism for naringenin in abrogating experimental colitis.
Gadgets, Approximation, and Linear Programming (2000)

We present a linear programming-based method for finding "gadgets," i.e., combinatorial structures reducing constraints of one optimization problem to constraints of another. A key step in this method is a simple observation which limits the search space to a finite one. Using this new method we present a number of new, computer-constructed gadgets for several different reductions. This method also answers a question posed by Bellare, Goldreich, and Sudan [SIAM J. Comput., 27 (1998), pp. 804--915] of how to prove the optimality of gadgets: linear programming duality gives such proofs. The new gadgets, when combined with recent results of Håstad [ Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1997, pp. 1--10], improve the known inapproximability results for MAX CUT and MAX DICUT, showing that approximating these problems to within factors of $16/17 + ε$ and $12/13+ ε,$ respectively, is NP-hard for every ε > 0. Prior to this work, the best-known inapproximability thresholds for both problems were 71/72 (M. Bellare, O. Goldreich, and M. Sudan [ SIAM J. Comput., 27 (1998), pp. 804--915]). Without using the gadgets from this paper, the best possible hardness that would follow from Bellare, Goldreich, and Sudan and Håstad is 18/19. We also use the gadgets to obtain an improved approximation algorithm for MAX3 SAT which guarantees an approximation ratio of .801. This improves upon the previous best bound (implicit from M. X. Goemans and D. P. Williamson [J. ACM, 42 (1995), pp. 1115--1145]; U. Feige and M. X. Goemans [Proceedings of the Third Israel Symposium on Theory of Computing and Systems, 1995, pp. 182--189]) of .7704.
Exploration and practice of operating model involved in teaching supervision (2008)

Teaching supervision is an important part of management system reformation and teaching quality control in the colleges and universities. Among the supervision work the teaching supervision of fac-ulty was worth exploring because of its weak position. The operating model of supervision was involved in the working model and system during the process of teaching supervision. In this article the operating model of five combinations about the faculty supervision was advocated according to the practice of teaching su-pervision we took part in at the pharmacy faculty, which will be important for regularization of supervision work at the level of faculty.

Key words: 
Teaching management; Faculty; Teaching supervision; Operating model
NPAS2 and PER2 are linked to risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (2009)

Our findings support the view that relevant relationships between circadian clocks and the metabolic syndrome in humans exist.
Business Process Personalization Through Web Widgets (2010)

Widget aggregators such as iGoogle and Netvibes are broadly adopted by the mass market. They enable end-users to personalize their environment with their preferred services (Widgets). However, the usage in an enterprise context is not yet investigated. In this paper, we firstly show that in addition to personalization capability, the integration of business processes should be considered. Secondly, we propose a new Widget aggregator that enables the end-user to personalize a business process by chaining Widgets according to his/her needs and habits. Thirdly, we introduce a new approach for specifying an end-user process; an approach which enables even ordinary end-users, without computing skills, to define their processes. Finally, we validate these concepts by implementing and testing a prototype. As a consequence, this work does not only impact Widget aggregators, but it also innovates in end-user service creation research by proposing an intuitive tool, understandable even by ordinary end-users, for specifying their processes (composite services).
Characterization of a Focal Plane Camera Fitted to a Mattauch−Herzog Geometry Mass Spectrograph. 2. Use with an Inductively Coupled Plasma (2004)

A novel charge-sensitive detector array, termed the focal plane camera (FPC), has been coupled to a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph (MHMS) with an inductively coupled plasma ionization source. The FPC employs an array of gold Faraday cups, each with its own charge-integrating circuit that allows the simultaneous detection of several m/z ratios. The ion-sampling interface of the MHMS has been redesigned to provide better heat transfer away from the sampler and skimmer cones and to reduce the negative effects of turbulent gas flows around the plasma. The instrument has produced limits of detection in the tens to hundreds of parts per quadrillion regime and isotope ratio accuracy and precision of 5% error and 0.007% RSD, respectively. Limits of detection with the FPC are comparable to those obtained with a single-channel secondary electron multiplier (SEM). However, the isotope ratio accuracy and precision are better with the FPC than when the SEM is employed. The dynamic range has been shown to be linear over 7 orders of magnitude.
The management of severe fractures of the lower extremities. (1995)

This review is designed to address the problem of severe fractures of the lower extremities that often accompany the patient who is polytraumatized. Although open fractures occupy a predominant place in the subsequent discussion, closed fractures also may be associated with a significant crush component, a vascular lesion, a degloving injury, or a compartment syndrome. It is of paramount importance that the treating physician understand the implications of the potential or actual soft tissue damage to maximize the outcome after these devastating injuries.
Reliability Study of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Device (2007)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs devices are studied intensely because of its ability of operation at higher voltage with higher power density. As the study progress, it is realized that the reliability of the fabricated device is a quite important issue. From the reliability study of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, it is found that the current degradation has relationships with the isolation structure. In this paper, the differences of current degradations between two isolation methods are studied and some interpretations concerning the source of these degradations are discussed.