gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Observations on the Bleaching Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Green Barley Leaves (1969)

Green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgaris) floated on the surface of 0.05 m ethylenediamine disodium tetraacetate, EDTA-2Na, pH 7.0 and exposed to light (5000 lux) at 25 degrees exhibited a marked bleaching (EDTA-bleaching) visible to the naked eye and paralleled by a striking reduction in content of chlorophylls a and b. This loss of color did not occur in controls which were treated with H(2)O instead of EDTA (water controls). In darkness the leaves in the water controls were bleached while EDTA-treated leaves retained all their color.EDTA bleaching was observed only in intact leaves. When leaves were boiled EDTA protected their pigment against photodecomposition. Without EDTA boiled leaves were bleached completely in light. When intact green leaves which had been floated on water and exposed to light for 48 hr were treated with boiling ethanol or acetone, the chlorophylls extracted by this procedure did not undergo bleaching if EDTA were present in solution. Under these conditions a green fine grain precipitate formed which was insoluble in ethanol or acetone and was stable in light or darkness.EDTA bleaching of green barley leaves was inhibited by KCN, and by the addition of casein hydrolysate.
Gap junction genes Cx26 and Cx43 individually suppress the cancer phenotype of human mammary carcinoma cells and restore differentiation potential. (1996)

Normal human mammary epithelial cells express hcx43 and hCx26 proteins, which form functional gap junction channels. Both Cx genes are transcriptionally down-regulated in mammary carcinoma cell lines; consequently, no protein is made and gap junctions are absent. This result suggests that the loss of gap junctional communication may play an important role in carcinogenesis. To address this question, two sets of stable transfectants were produced in a recloned line of human mammary carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-435). One set expressed hCx26, and the other expressed hCx43. Studies of transfectants that contain functional gap junctions showed that they grew more slowly in culture than controls, and that their tumor-forming ability was strongly suppressed. In studies designed to examine their differentiation capacity, these transfectants were found to have regained the capacity to form three-dimensional structures in a matrigel matrix. This property is characteristic of normal mammary epithelial cells, but it is lost in the parental tumor cells and neo-transfectant controls. Thus, junctional communication is shown here to play a decisive role in the morphogenesis of mammary gland structures. The hCx26 and hCx43 genes behave as classical tumor suppressor genes both in culture and in animal tests in restoring growth regulatory properties to metastatic mammary carcinoma cells. Expression of these genes further induces the ability to differentiate as shown by the formation of three-dimensional structures when transfected cells are embedded in a matrigel matrix. These findings suggest that the reexpression of gap junctions may play a vital role in normalizing tumor cell behavior.
552. Synthesis of fluoranthenes. Part II. Michael addition of vinyl cyanide to fluorene-9-carboxylic esters (1949)

A. Campbell and S. H. Tucker, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2623 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490002623
Microprocessor testability (1989)

As the level of microprocessor complexity increases to several hundred thousand transistors for a single-chip machine, it is becoming very difficult to test commercially available designs to the level of fault coverage desired by some customers. In order to achieve near 100-percent coverage of single stuck-at faults, future microprocessors must be designed with special testing features (designed for testability). The authors describe the testing problem for microprocessors, including the various methods of generating test sets and their application by the user. A survey of the testability features of some of today's commercially available microprocessors is presented. Suggestions for testability features for future-generation microprocessors are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of Kir2.1 Channels in Astrocytes Under Pathophysiological Conditions (2008)

Astrocyte ion channels participate in ionic homeostasis in the brain. Inward rectifying potassium channels (Kir channels) in astrocytes have been particularly implicated in K(+) homeostasis because of their high open probability at resting potential and their increased conductance at high concentrations of extracellular K(+). We examined the expression of the Kir2.1 subunit, one of the Kir channel subunits, in the mouse brain by immunohistochemistry. Kir2.1 channels were widely distributed throughout the brain, with high expression in the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum. Interestingly, they were abundantly expressed in astrocytes of the olfactory bulb, while astrocytes in other brain regions including the hippocampus did not show any detectable expression. However, Kir2.1 channel-expressing cells were dramatically increased in the hippocampus by kainic acid-induced seizure and the cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive, which confirms that astrocytes in the hippocampus express Kir2.1 channels under pathological conditions. Our results imply that Kir2.1 channels in astrocyte may be involved in buffering K(+) against accumulated extracellular K(+) caused by neuronal hyperexcitability under phathophysiological conditions.
Delayed feedback control of chaos (2006)

Time-delayed feedback control is well known as a practical method for stabilizing unstable periodic orbits embedded in chaotic attractors. The method is based on applying feedback perturbation proportional to the deviation of the current state of the system from its state one period in the past, so that the control signal vanishes when the stabilization of the target orbit is attained. A brief review on experimental implementations, applications for theoretical models and most important modifications of the method is presented. Recent advancements in the theory, as well as an idea of using an unstable degree of freedom in a feedback loop to avoid a well-known topological limitation of the method, are described in detail.
Superoleophobic Cotton Textiles (2009)

Common cotton textiles are hydrophilic and oleophilic in nature. Superhydrophobic cotton textiles have the potential to be used as self-cleaning fabrics, but they typically are not super oil-repellent. Poor oil repellency may easily compromise the self-cleaning property of these fabrics. Here, we report on the preparation of superoleophobic cotton textiles based on a multilength-scale structure, as demonstrated by a high hexadecane contact angle (153 degrees for 5 microL droplets) and low roll-off angle (9 degrees for 20 microL droplets). The multilength-scale roughness was based on the woven structure, with additional two layers of silica particles (microparticles and nanoparticles, respectively) covalently bonded to the fiber. Superoleophobicity was successfully obtained by incorporating perfluoroalkyl groups onto the surface of the modified cotton. It proved to be essential to add the nanoparticle layer in achieving superoleophobicity, especially in terms of low roll-off angles for hexadecane.
Domain Wall Motion in <scp>A</scp> and <scp>B</scp> Site Donor‐Doped <scp> <scp>Pb</scp> </scp> ( <scp> <scp>Zr</scp> </scp> <sub>0.52</sub> <scp> <scp>Ti</scp> </scp> <sub>0.48</sub> ) <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> Films (2012)

Donor‐doped PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 ( PZT ) films were utilized to study the effect of dopants on the mobility of ferroelectric domain walls. For chemical solution deposited PZT films 2 μm in thickness, doped with 1%–4% Nb or La , the low field dielectric permittivity remained between 1100 and 1300. With increasing Nb concentration, both the reversible and irreversible Rayleigh constants increased from ɛ init and α ′ of 1150 and 39 cm/kV, respectively, for undoped PZT films to 1360 and 43 cm/kV for films doped with 2 mol% Nb . La doping increased the irreversible Rayleigh constant but did not strongly affect the reversible Rayleigh parameter. These observations are consistent with softening of the dielectric and electromechanical response with donor doping.
Soy proteins for foods centering around soy sauce and tofu (1981)

Abstract In the Orient, soy proteins have been used for human consumption for centuries, during which various kinds of unique soy protein foods have been established. Some of these products, such as tofu, have a bland flavor, but there are also those products having a distinctive flavor and an aroma like fermented soy sauce. Both types are acceptable for worldwide populations. In earlier times, the consumption of these soy protein foods in the U.S. was mostly confined to Orientals. Recently, however, the koikuchi type of soy sauce has been consumed widely by non‐Orientals through nationwide supermarkets. Annual production in the U.S. has reached more than 16,500 kl. Tofu has also become popular in the U.S. because of its bland flavor which enables it to be used in many dishes. Fermented soy sauce is completely different in the constituents of aroma and flavor from chemical soy sauce. Koikuchi shoyu is a typical Japanese type of fermented soy sauce characterized by a strong, appetizing aroma. The fermentation process consists of koji fermentation by Aspergillus species and the subsequent brine fermentation, which contains lactic acid and alcoholic fermentations. Miso is a paste product produced through a similar fermentation. Tofu is a soy milk curd product made through a nonfermented process from soy milk.
Geochemical differences between the Cadomian granites of Mancellia and the St Malo migmatites, Armorican Massif, France (1993)

Data sets used to suggest geochemical similarity between the St Malo migmatites and Mancellian granites (Brown & D’Lemos 1991) are reinterpreted. The samples have complex distributions with outliers. Three non-parametric tests show significant statistical differences between the samples in A1 2 O 3 , CaO, K 2 O, Cr, Ni, Sr, Y and Zr. If outliers are culled from the samples the differences become more extreme. The differences are also apparent on both principal component and multidimensional scaling plots. Geotectonic models based on a similar petrogenesis for the two rock units (D’Lemos et al. 1992) must be able to account for these differences.
Vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in diabetes mellitus (1994)

Diabetes mellitus causes hypertonicity, increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), polydipsia, and polyuria. Downregulation of AVP V2 receptors may contribute to the polyuria through diminished V2 receptor-mediated free water retention. After 2 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the diabetic rats had raised plasma glucose, AVP, and osmolality levels (P < 0.001) compared with nondiabetic controls (Sham). Insulin treatment (4 U long-acting insulin sc, daily) partially lowered these values (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the number of renal and hepatic V1 receptors in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The receptor affinity remained unchanged. In parallel, there was a reduction in maximum AVP-activated total inositol phosphate production in the liver and kidney of the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The density and affinity of renal V2 receptors and AVP-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals were unchanged compared with the sham. These results demonstrate differential regulation of AVP receptors and suggest that downregulation of renal V2 receptors does not contribute to the polyuria of diabetes. In contrast, downregulation of V1 receptors might contribute to diminished V1 receptor-mediated biological responses to AVP seen in diabetes mellitus.
Effect of pelleting process variables on physical properties and sugar yields of ammonia fiber expansion pretreated corn stover (2014)

Pelletization process variables, including grind size (4, 6mm), die speed (40, 50, 60 Hz), and preheating (none, 70°C), were evaluated to understand their effect on pellet quality attributes and sugar yields of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreated biomass. The bulk density of the pelletized AFEX corn stover was three to six times greater compared to untreated and AFEX-treated corn stover. Also, the durability of the pelletized AFEX corn stover was>97.5% for all pelletization conditions studied except for preheated pellets. Die speed had no effect on enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yields of pellets. Pellets produced with preheating or a larger grind size (6mm) had similar or lower sugar yields. Pellets generated with 4mm AFEX-treated corn stover, a 60Hz die speed, and no preheating resulted in pellets with similar or greater density, durability, and sugar yields compared to other pelletization conditions.
Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Trafficking of G1/S Cell Cycle Molecules and Adult Human β-Cell Replication (2013)

Harnessing control of human β-cell proliferation has proven frustratingly difficult. Most G1/S control molecules, generally presumed to be nuclear proteins in the human β-cell, are in fact constrained to the cytoplasm. Here, we asked whether G1/S molecules might traffic into and out of the cytoplasmic compartment in association with activation of cell cycle progression. Cdk6 and cyclin D3 were used to drive human β-cell proliferation and promptly translocated into the nucleus in association with proliferation. In contrast, the cell cycle inhibitors p15, p18, and p19 did not alter their location, remaining cytoplasmic. Conversely, p16, p21, and p27 increased their nuclear frequency. In contrast once again, p57 decreased its nuclear frequency. Whereas proliferating β-cells contained nuclear cyclin D3 and cdk6, proliferation generally did not occur in β-cells that contained nuclear cell cycle inhibitors, except p21. Dynamic cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking of cdk6 was confirmed using green fluorescent protein-tagged cdk6 and live cell imaging. Thus, we provide novel working models describing the control of cell cycle progression in the human β-cell. In addition to known obstacles to β-cell proliferation, cytoplasmic-to-nuclear trafficking of G1/S molecules may represent an obstacle as well as a therapeutic opportunity for human β-cell expansion.
Effects of short/time hydration on skin extensibility. (1993)

Vertical cutaneous extensibility was studied before and after 1, 2, 5 and 10 min hydration by application of tap water. After hydration, we noted an increase in all rheological parameters linked to elasticity whereas viscosity and hysteresis parameters were unmodified. These modifications took place from the first minute and increased thereafter. Men and women showed identical values prior to hydration. After hydration, an extensibility gain was noted only in the women, men's extensibility being unmodified. Studying rheological behaviour as a function of age, we showed similar modifications in younger and older groups, the extensibility gain being greater in the older group. Prior to hydration, the stratum corneum was extremely rigid and extensibility was comparable between men and women. Hydration, softening the horny layer, allows a rapid extensibility gain proportional to the reduced thickness of the dermis, especially in women and older subjects.
Java 5.0 Tiger (2004)

１章 Ｔｉｇｅｒの新しい機能 ２章 Ｇｅｎｅｒｉｃｓ ３章 列挙型 ４章 オートボクシングとアンボクシング ５章 ｖａｒａｒｇｓ ６章 アノテーション ７章 ｆｏｒ／ｉｎステートメント ８章 Ｓｔａｔｉｃインポート ９章 フォーマッティング（書式制御） １０章 スレッド処理
The potential of lactobacillus as a carrier for oral immunization: development and preliminary characterization of vector systems for targeted delivery of antigens (1995)

Oral administration of lactobacilli evokes mucosal and systemic immune responses against epitopes associated with these organisms (Gerritse et al., 1990, 1991). The adjuvant function of different Lactobacillus species was investigated under the conditions of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral administration. After i.p. injection of trinitrophenylated chicken γ-globulin, high DTH responses were observed with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, but low responses with Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. In different experimental model systems L. casei and L. plantarum consistently showed significant adjuvanticity. A series of expression and expression-secretion vectors containing the strong constitutive promoter of the L. casei L-ldh gene or the regulatable promoter of the Lactobacillus amylovorus amy gene (Pouwels and Leer, 1995) was used for the intracellular, extracellular and surface-bound expression of an influenza virus antigenic determinant fused to Escherichia coli,B-glucuronidase. Intracellular expression of the fusion protein amounted to 1-2% of total soluble protein. Lactobacilli synthesizing the fusion protein intracellularly evoked an oral immune response after subcutaneous priming.Oral administration of lactobacilli evokes mucosal and systemic immune responses against epitopes associated with these organisms. The adjuvant function of different Lactobacillus species was investigated under the conditions of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral administration. After i.p. injection of trinitrophenylated chicken γ-globulin, high DTH responses were observed with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, but low responses with Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. In different experimental model systems L. casei and L. plantarum consistently showed significant adjuvanticity. A series of expression and expression-secretion vectors containing the strong constitutive promoter of the L. casei L-ldh gene or the regulatable promoter of the Lactobacillus amylovorus amy gene was used for the intracellular, extracellular and surface-bound expression of an influenza virus antigenic determinant fused to Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase. Intracellular expression of the fusion protein amounted to 1-2% of total soluble protein. Lactobacilli synthesizing the fusion protein intracellularly evoked an oral immune response after subcutaneous priming. Chemicals/CAS: Bacterial Vaccines; beta-Galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23; Epitopes; Glucuronidase, EC 3.2.1.31
A characterization of Prolog execution (1992)

We analyze the execution of a new suite of medium-sized and realistic benchmarks through simulations on a general-purpose, register-oriented architecture at the abstract machine and architectural levels to identify the most critical characteristics of Prolog for efficient execution. We propose improvements through modest enhancements to the architecture and to the Warren abstract machine to add significant support for the identified issues. Architectural support for tag-handling operations through an architecture which distinguishes between the tag and value fields of an object leads to a twelve percent decrease in static code and a seven percent decrease in executed instructions. The addition of orthogonal tag instructions reduces code size by an additional nine percent and reduces dynamic instructions by eleven percent. The introduction of push and pop instructions decreases code size by seven percent and the number of instructions executed by eight percent. Static code is reduced by forty percent and the number of instructions executed decreases by nine percent by utilizing procedure argument mode information at compile time within compiled unification operations. Knowledge of dereferencing characteristics reduces static code by six percent and reduces instructions executed by six percent by eliminating dereferencing for objects which are directly referenced and when previously dereferenced values may be substituted for non-dereferenced objects. Optimization of arithmetic expression evaluation eliminates six percent of the executed instructions which create arithmetic expressions and eliminates seven percent of the executed instructions which evaluate these structures and decreases the static code size by ten percent. A modified WAM-database execution model is proposed which reduces static code by twenty percent with a modest four percent increase in executed instructions. We find Prolog to attain only modest speedups through simple pipelined and multiple-operation-issue machine implementations and propose new directions to explore to allow Prolog to better exploit the increasing levels of instruction-level parallelism attainable in modern architectures.
Hypericin as a Non-Antioxidant Inhibitor of NF-κB (1999)

NF-kappa B is a transcription factor involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of hypericin inhibited the PMA- and TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B in HeLa and TC10 cells, respectively. In contrast, NF-kappa B activated by H2O2 was not influenced by hypericin, indicating a pathway-specificity of hypericin. Hyperforin and a Hypericum perforatum extract standardised on 0.15% hypericin and 5% hyperforin were not active at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. The PMA/TNF-alpha-induced transcription of a reporter gene, which is under the control of the NF-kappa B-dependent IL-6 promoter, was strongly reduced by preincubation with hypericin.
Software multiplication using Gaussian normal bases (2006)

Fast algorithms for multiplication in finite fields are required for several cryptographic applications, in particular for implementing elliptic curve operations over binary fields F/sub 2m/. In this paper, we present new software algorithms for efficient multiplication over F/sub 2m/ that use a Gaussian normal basis representation. Two approaches are presented, direct normal basis multiplication and a method that exploits a mapping to a ring where fast polynomial-based techniques can be employed. Our analysis, including experimental results on an Intel Pentium family processor, shows that the new algorithms are faster and can use memory more efficiently than previous methods. Despite significant improvements, we conclude that the penalty in multiplication is still sufficiently large to discourage the use of normal bases in software implementations of elliptic curve systems.
Bacterial Formation of Glutamic Acid from Acetic Acid (1961)

Journal Article Bacterial Formation of Glutamic Acid from Acetic Acid: III. Incorporation of Labelled Acetate and Kinetic Relationships of the Metabolites in Brevibacterium flavum, No. 2247 Get access ISAMU SHIIO, ISAMU SHIIO From the Central Research Laboratoy of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TOSHINAO TSUNODA TOSHINAO TSUNODA From the Central Research Laboratoy of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 49, Issue 2, February 1961, Pages 148–153, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a127271 Published: 01 February 1961 Article history Received: 17 September 1960 Published: 01 February 1961