gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning Acid–Base Properties Using Mg–Al Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition (2015)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to coat γ-Al2O3 particles with oxide films of varying Mg/Al atomic ratios, which resulted in systematic variation of the acid and base site areal densities. Variation of Mg/Al also affected morphological features such as crystalline phase, pore size distribution, and base site proximity. Areal base site density increased with increasing Mg content, while acid site density went through a maximum with a similar number of Mg and Al atoms in the coating. This behavior leads to nonlinearity in the relationship between Mg/Al and acid/base site ratio. The physical and chemical properties were elucidated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 physisorption, and CO2 and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Fluorescence emission spectroscopy of samples grafted with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) was used for analysis of base site proximity. The degree of base site clustering was correlated to acid site density. Catalytic activity in the self-condensation of acetone was dependent on sample base site density and independent of acid site density.
Imagewise poled ferroelectric layers for printing application (1995)

Abstract At the surface of poled ferroelectric (FE) material high electric fields are able to attract or repel charged toner particles. This property can be used for high speed printing applications. A simplified model of free FE surfaces (without electrodes) shows that screening charges are responsible for short range but intensive fields above the surface. Material properties and contrast enhancement for FE-printing are discussed.
A quantitative screening-level approach to incorporate chemical exposure and risk into alternative assessment evaluations (2017)

As the general public and retailers ask for disclosure of chemical ingredients in the marketplace, a number of hazard screening tools were developed to evaluate the so-called "greenness" of individual chemical ingredients and/or formulations. The majority of these tools focus only on hazard, often using chemical lists, ignoring the other part of the risk equation: exposure. Using a hazard-only focus can result in regrettable substitutions, changing 1 chemical ingredient for another that turns out to be more hazardous or shifts the toxicity burden to others. To minimize the incidents of regrettable substitutions, BizNGO describes "Common Principles" to frame a process for informed substitution. Two of these 6 principles are: "reduce hazard" and "minimize exposure." A number of frameworks have emerged to evaluate and assess alternatives. One framework developed by leading experts under the auspices of the US National Academy of Sciences recommended that hazard and exposure be specifically addressed in the same step when assessing candidate alternatives. For the alternative assessment community, this article serves as an informational resource for considering exposure in an alternatives assessment using elements of problem formulation; product identity, use, and composition; hazard analysis; exposure analysis; and risk characterization. These conceptual elements build on practices from government, academia, and industry and are exemplified through 2 hypothetical case studies demonstrating the questions asked and decisions faced in new product development. These 2 case studies-inhalation exposure to a generic paint product and environmental exposure to a shampoo rinsed down the drain-demonstrate the criteria, considerations, and methods required to combine exposure models addressing human health and environmental impacts to provide a screening level hazard and exposure (risk) analysis. This article informs practices for these elements within a comparative risk context to improve alternatives assessment evaluation and decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:1007-1022. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Modular, ion-propelled, orbit-transfer vehicle (1988)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 5. Biologically active glycosides of aromatic metabolites (2005)

Abstract This review article presents 342 aromatic glycosides, isolated from and identified in plants and microorganisms, that demonstrate different biological activities. They are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and/or pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural sufactants are good prospects for the future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. These glycosidic compounds have been classified into several groups, including simple aromatic compounds, stilbenes, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids, naphthalene derivatives, and anthracene derivatives.
Light- and bias-induced metastabilities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells caused by the (VSe-VCu) vacancy complex (2006)

We investigate theoretically light- and bias-induced metastabilities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells, suggesting the Se–Cu divacancy complex (VSe-VCu) as the source of this hitherto puzzling phenomena. Due to its amphoteric nature, the (VSe-VCu) complex is able to convert by persistent carrier capture or emission from a shallow donor into a shallow acceptor configuration, and vice versa, thereby changing in a metastable fashion the local net acceptor density inside the CIGS absorber of the solar cell, e.g., a CdS/CIGS heterojunction. In order to establish a comprehensive picture of metastability caused by the (VSe-VCu) complex, we determine defect formation energies from first-principles calculations, employ numerical simulations of equilibrium defect thermodynamics, and develop a model for the transition dynamics after creation of a metastable nonequilibrium state. We find that the (VSe-VCu) complex can account for the light-induced metastabilities, i.e., the “red” and “blue” illumination effects, as well as for the reverse-bias effect. Thus, our (VSe-VCu) model implies that the different metastabilities observed in CIGS share a common origin. A defect state in the band gap caused by (VSe-VCu) in the acceptor configuration creates a potentially detrimental recombination center and may contribute to the saturation of the open circuit voltage in larger-gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 alloys with higher Ga content. Therefore, the presence of metastable defects should be regarded as a concern for solar cell performance.
Modified Chinese remainder theorem and its application to proxy signatures (2003)

Chinese Remainder Theorem has been used for hundreds of years and has been applied to many domains such as integers and polynomials. An assumption made is that the component moduli are pairwise co-prime. In this paper, first we remove this assumption; then we give an algorithm to find whether a given system of congruent equations has a solution, and if so, how to find the solution in an efficient manner. Further we apply the modified Chinese Remainder Theorem to design proxy signatures.
Peanut Skins as a Feed Ingredient for Lactating Dairy Cows (1993)

Twenty lactating Jersey cows were offered a TMR containing 0, 8, 16, or 24% peanut skins (testa) to determine the effect of peanut skins and their tannin component on cow performance. Increased percentage of peanut skins in the diet increased DMI and milk and FCM yields quadratically and increased both milk and FCM per DMI linearly. Cows offered the 8% peanut skin diet had the highest DMI, but milk and FCM yields were highest for cows fed the 8 and 16% peanut skin diets. Milk yield was lower for cows fed the 24% versus 8 and 16% peanut skin diets but was greater than controls. Milk fat percentage improved quadratically, but milk protein percentage declined linearly as peanut skin content of the diet increased. Ruminal NH3 declined linearly as dietary peanut skin content increased. Digestibility of CP, serum urea N, and urinary N to creatinine ratio also declined linearly with increasing dietary peanut skins, indicating that indigestible tannin-protein complexes were formed that reduced protein availability. Peanut skins can be used in diets for lactating cows; however, based on effects on protein metabolism, they should be limited to about 16% of the diet, and diets should exceed the recommended minimum CP content.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular disease (2001)

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with widely varying clinical features, due to defects in mitochondrial function. Involvement of both muscle and nerve is common in mitochondrial disease. In some cases, this involvement is subclinical or a minor part of a multisystem disorder, but myopathy and neuropathy are a major, often presenting, feature of a number of mitochondrial syndromes. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in a number of classic neuromuscular diseases. This article reviews the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuromuscular disease and discusses a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with a neuromuscular syndrome due to mitochondrial disease.
[Diabetic retinopathy--the mechanisms of the ocular neovascularization and the development of anti-angiogenic drugs]. (1999)

Ocular neovascularization contributes to severe visual loss of the patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) which is the leading cause of blindness on adults of working age. The mechanisms of ocular neovascularization are not fully understood. Several growth factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II and adhesion molecules such as integrins are considered to contribute to the ocular neovascularization. VEGF is believed to play the key role in the development of DR. Ischemic hypoxia of retina is well known to be the potent stimulus for the production of VEGF. In addition, we have reported that reactive oxygen intermediates, advanced glycation end products and insulin-like growth factor-1, also all, may participate in the pathogenesis of DR through their ability to increase VEGF production. The trials for anti-angiogenic drugs is developing now for the treatment of DR. VEGF may be the most suitable target for the inhibition of the ocular neovascularization.
PLUNC is a secreted product of neutrophil granules (2008)

Airway epithelia and neutrophils are frequently recruited to release host defense factors in response to a variety of pulmonary pathogens. One abundant product of airway epithelia is palate, lung, nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC), a proposed innate immune protein expressed in submucosal glands and surface airway epithelia. In this study, we report the expression of PLUNC in human neutrophils, a previously unrecognized source of this protein. Immunoblots performed on polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) lysates and PMN subcellular fractions indicated that PLUNC was present in the specific granules of the neutrophil. Furthermore, secretion assays demonstrated that PLUNC protein was released by neutrophils upon stimulation with secretogogues, including formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine and the calcium ionophore A23187. Although recombinant PLUNC protein failed to exhibit antibacterial activity in our studies, its storage and secretion by a professional phagocytic cell support the hypothesis that PLUNC participates in an aspect of the inflammatory response that contributes to host defense. These studies suggest that PLUNC expression is less restricted than previously believed, and highlight new avenues of research for the study of PLUNC function.
A Survey on Deep Learning Based Approaches for Action and Gesture Recognition in Image Sequences (2017)

The interest in action and gesture recognition has grown considerably in the last years. In this paper, we present a survey on current deep learning methodologies for action and gesture recognition in image sequences. We introduce a taxonomy that summarizes important aspects of deep learning for approaching both tasks. We review the details of the proposed architectures, fusion strategies, main datasets, and competitions. We summarize and discuss the main works proposed so far with particular interest on how they treat the temporal dimension of data, discussing their main features and identify opportunities and challenges for future research.
Integrated circuit compatible electrostatic polysilicon microrelays (1995)

A low-power IC-compatible electrostatically driven microrelay is presented. The mechanical part of the microrelay consists of a polysilicon/silicon nitride/polysilicon microbridge realized by sacrificial layer technology. Its fabrication, operation up to 100 kHz and net switching voltages in the 1 to 10 V range are reported.
Neuronal and Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers in Blood Reflect Brain Pathology in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Circulating neuronal extracellular vesicles (NEVs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show high Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) levels, whereas their astrocytic EVs (AEVs) contain high complement levels. To validate EV proteins as AD biomarkers, we immunocaptured NEVs and AEVs from plasma collected from fifteen wild type (WT), four 2xTg-AD, nine 5xFAD, and fifteen 3xTg-AD mice and assessed biomarker relationships with brain tissue levels. NEVs from 3xTg-AD mice had higher total Tau (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and p181-Tau (<i>p</i> = 0.0004) compared to WT mice. There were moderately strong correlations between biomarkers in NEVs and cerebral cortex and hippocampus (total Tau: cortex, r = 0.4, <i>p</i> = 0.009; p181-Tau: cortex, r = 0.7, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; hippocampus, r = 0.6, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). NEVs from 5xFAD compared to other mice had higher Aβ42 (<i>p</i> < 0.005). NEV Aβ42 had moderately strong correlations with Aβ42 in cortex (r = 0.6, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and hippocampus (r = 0.7, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). AEV C1q was elevated in 3xTg-AD compared to WT mice (<i>p</i> = 0.005); AEV C1q had moderate-strong correlations with C1q in cortex (r = 0.9, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and hippocampus (r = 0.7, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Biomarkers in circulating NEVs and AEVs reflect their brain levels across multiple AD mouse models supporting their potential use as a "liquid biopsy" for neurological disorders.
Identification of Griseofulvin as an Inhibitor of Centrosomal Clustering in a Phenotype-Based Screen (2007)

A major drawback of cancer chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific targets which would allow for the selective eradication of malignant cells without affecting healthy tissues. In contrast with normal cells, most tumor cells contain multiple centrosomes, associated with the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles and chromosome segregation defects. Many tumor cells regain mitotic stability after clonal selection by the coalescence of multiple centrosomes into two functional spindle poles. To overcome the limitations of current cancer treatments, we have developed a cell-based screening strategy to identify small molecules that inhibit centrosomal clustering and thus force tumor cells with supernumerary centrosomes to undergo multipolar mitoses, and subsequently, apoptosis. Using a chemotaxonomic selection of fungi from a large culture collection, a relatively small but diverse natural product extract library was generated. Screening of this compound library led to the identification of griseofulvin, which induced multipolar spindles by inhibition of centrosome coalescence, mitotic arrest, and subsequent cell death in tumor cell lines but not in diploid fibroblasts and keratinocytes with a normal centrosome content. The inhibition of centrosome clustering by griseofulvin was not restricted to mitotic cells but did occur during interphase as well. Whereas the formation of multipolar spindles was dynein-independent, depolymerization of interphase microtubules seemed to be mechanistically involved in centrosomal declustering. In summary, by taking advantage of the tumor-specific phenotype of centrosomal clustering, we have developed a screening strategy that might lead to the identification of drugs which selectively target tumor cells and spare healthy tissues.
A Technique of Posterior Cervical Fusion for Instability of the Cervical Spine (1985)

A technique of posterior cervical spine fusion (the "Dewar procedure") that allows immediate stabilization of the spine requiring only minimal external support is described. The procedure was performed in 16 patients with unstable fractures or fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. All patients went on to develop solid fusion. Twelve patients incurred neurologic deficit due to their injury, and those with root involvement all recovered following fusion. Patients rendered quadriplegic as a result of their accident did not show any useful neurologic recovery but were able to start rehabilitation earlier and avoid the complications of nonoperative treatment. There were no significant complications related to surgery.
Highly selective citric buffer etch-stop process for the manufacture of very uniform GaAs/AlGaAs FETs (2002)

A citric buffer etch has been developed and used to create an optimized etch-stop process for the manufacture of recessed gate GaAs/AlGaAs FETs. Selectives in excess of 1800 have been achieved for a 25 /spl Aring/, x=0.35 Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As stop layer with the advantage of no iron damage to the channel. Stop layer thicknesses from 15 /spl Aring/ to 100 /spl Aring/ and Al content from x=0.25 to x=0/5 were investigated for process robustness and FET performance. The high selectivity permits the use of a thin 25 /spl Aring/ stop layer of x=0.35 material that does not perturb FET performance, and still provides a robust process. Performance is verified with DC and RF tests, including small signal extrinsic transconductance, and FET noise figure, which are particularly sensitive to increased source resistance. With the etch-stop process, uniformity is greatly enhanced. The standard deviation for Idss was reduced from 20%-30% to less than 5%, and standard deviation for threshold voltage was reduced from 300 mV to less than 30 mV. This proces is applicable to a wide variety of heterostructure devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of electron and energy transfer in rat liver mitochondria by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of electron and energy transfer in rat liver mitochondria by nordihydroguaiaretic acidC. Bhuvaneswaran and K. DakshinamurtiCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 1, 85–91Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00751a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00751a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Personality and Major Depression among Directly Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing (2012)

Background. Few disaster studies have specifically examined personality and resilience in association with disaster exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depression. Methods. 151 directly-exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing randomly selected from a bombing survivor registry completed PTSD, major depression, and personality assessments using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV and the Temperament and Character Inventory, respectively. Results. The most prevalent postdisaster psychiatric disorder was bombing-related PTSD (32%); major depression was second in prevalence (21%). Bombing-related PTSD was associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness and also with high self-transcendence and high harm avoidance in most configurations. Postdisaster major depression was significantly more prevalent among those with (56%) than without (5%) bombing-related PTSD (P < .001) and those with (72%) than without (14%) predisaster major depression (P < .001). Incident major depression was not associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Conclusions. Personality features can distinguish resilience to a specific life-threatening stressor from general indicators of well-being. Unlike bombing-related PTSD, major depression was not a robust marker of low resilience. Development and validation of measures of resilience should utilize well-defined diagnoses whenever possible, rather than relying on nonspecific measures of psychological distress.
COLLADA: Sailing the Gulf of 3D Digital Content Creation (2006)

Collada contains everything you need to get up and running to build your game, game engine or content pipeline tool. If you are a manager or decision maker, you get the added comfort of knowing that - finally - you just might be able to write that tool once and not over and over again."" -Tony Parisi, Slashdot.org, December 2006 [The Authors] provide insight into the design of COLLADA so that readers can understand how design decisions were made and how this standard may evolve. The book will be useful to content developers interested in exchanging data between several tools, to application
Synthesis of prostaglandins containing the sulfo group (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of prostaglandins containing the sulfo groupY Iguchi, S. Kori, and M. HayashiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 4, 521–523Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00892a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00892a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts