gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Shielding Adenoviral Vectors with Polyethylene Glycol on Vector-Specific and Vaccine-Mediated Immune Responses (2008)

Many individuals have been previously exposed to human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). This prior immunity has long been known to hinder its use for gene therapy and as a gene-based vaccine. Given these immunogenicity problems, we have tested whether polyethylene glycol (PEG) can blunt immune effects against Ad5 during systemic and mucosal vaccination. Ad5 vectors were covalently modified with 5-, 20-, and 35-kDa linear PEG polymers and evaluated for their ability to produce immune responses against transgene antigen products and the vector itself. We show that shielding Ad5 with different-sized PEGs generally reduces transduction and primary antibody responses by the intramuscular or intranasal route. In contrast, PEGylated vectors generally appear better at boosting antibody responses in Ad-immune animals. Displaying either glucose or galactose on PEG mediated increased transduction and antibody responses by the intranasal, but not the intramuscular, route. In naive animals, PEGylated vectors generated T cell responses that were equal to or better than those by unmodified Ad. Priming by PEGylated vectors generally enabled better subsequent T cell responses after boost. Priming and boosting by PEGylated vectors produced T cell responses after boost that were equal to or higher than those produced by unmodified vectors. These data indicate that PEGylation can enable more effective application of Ad5 and perhaps other Ad serotype vaccines during prime-boost vaccination.
A new (K1518E) candidate mutation detected by universal heteroduplex generator analysis in a patient with type 2A (phenotype IIA) von Willebrand disease. (1998)

A New (K1518E) Candidate Mutation Detected by Universal Hetero d u p l e x Generator Analysis in a Patient with Type 2A (Phenotype IIA) von Willebrand Disease -
Enzymes in Low Water Systems (1998)

Water is fundamental for enzyme action and for formation of the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Hence, it may be assumed that studies on the interplay between water and enzymes can yield insight into enzyme function and formation. This has proven correct, because the numerous studies that have been made on the behavior of water-soluble and membrane enzymes in systems with a low water content (reverse micelles or enzymes suspended in nonpolar organic solvents) have revealed properties of enzymes that are not easily appreciated in aqueous solutions. In the low water systems, it has been possible to probe the relation between solvent and enzyme kinetics, as well as some of the factors that affect enzyme thermostability and catalysis. Furthermore, the studies show that low water environments can be used to stabilize conformers that exhibit unsuspected catalytic properties, as well as intermediates of enzyme function and formation that in aqueous media have relatively short life-times. The structure of enzymes in these unnatural conditions is actively being explored.
Establishment of Transgenesis in the Demosponge <i>Suberites domuncula</i> (2018)

Sponges (Porifera) represent one of the most basally branching animal clades with key relevance for evolutionary studies, stem cell biology, and development. Despite a long history of sponges as experimental model systems, however, functional molecular studies are still very difficult to perform in these animals. Here, we report the establishment of transgenic technology as a basic and versatile experimental tool for sponge research. We demonstrate that slice explants of the demosponge <i>Suberites domuncula</i> regenerate functional sponge tissue and can be cultured for extended periods of time, providing easy experimental access under controlled conditions. We further show that an engineered expression construct driving the <i>enhanced green fluorescence protein</i> (<i>egfp</i>) gene under control of the <i>Suberites domuncula β-actin</i> locus can be transfected into such tissue cultures, and that faithfully spliced transcripts are produced from such transfected DNA. Finally, by combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with quantitative PCR, we validate that transfected cells can be specifically reisolated from tissue based on their fluorescence. Although the number of detected enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing cells is still limited, our approach represents the first successful introduction and expression of exogenous DNA in a sponge. These results represent a significant advance for the use of transgenic technology in a cornerstone phylum, for instance for the use in lineage tracing experiments.
Preparation and characterization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films with the graphite structure (1992)

Using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), we have prepared ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ solid solutions for 0x0.17, which have the graphite structure. By varying the relative proportions of benzene and boron trichloride in the CVD reactor, we are able to control the boron concentration in our thin-film samples. Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction shows that for a series of films prepared at 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ becomes more graphitic (with less turbostratic disorder) as x increases. There is a discontinuity between x=0.12 and x=0.15 in the variation of the distance between boron-carbon layers, as measured by the (002) plane spacing, which suggests the formation of an ordered ${\mathrm{BC}}_{5}$ compound. Using synchrotron radiation, we measured the near-edge x-ray absorption of these films at the boron and carbon 1s edges as a function of the angle between the photon beam and the substrate. The dependence of the absorption with angle at both edges shows the same behavior as that reported for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, where transitions to unoccupied \ensuremath{\pi} bands are suppressed when the photon beam is normal to the graphite layers, proving that the boron substitutionally replaces carbon in these materials.
Clinical impact of tumor location on the colon cancer survival and recurrence: analyses of pooled data from three large phase <scp>III</scp> randomized clinical trials (2017)

The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were affected by the tumor location in patients who underwent curative resection for colon cancer in a pooled analysis of three large phase III studies performed in Japan. In total, 4029 patients were included in the present study. Patients were classified as having right-side colon cancer (RC) if the primary tumor was located in the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure or transverse colon, and left-side colon cancer (LCC) if the tumor site was within the splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon or recto sigmoid junction. The risk factors for the OS and DFS were analyzed. In the present study, 1449 patients were RC, and 2580 were LCC. The OS rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 87.6% and 81.6% in the RC group and 91.5% and 84.5% in the LCC group, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that RRC increased the risk of death by 19.7% (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.197; 95% confidence interval, 1.020-1.408; P = 0.0272). In contrast, the DFS was similar between the two locations. The present study confirmed that the tumor location was a risk factor for the OS in patients who underwent curative treatment for colon cancer. Tumor location may, therefore, need to be considered a stratification factor in future phase III trials of colon cancer.
Modified Poly-Amino Acid Hydration Suppressant Proves Successful in Controlling Reactive Shales (1993)

ABSTRACT Drilling fluid additives used for controlling water sensitive smectitelillite shale formations are varied, ranging from anionic components such as high-molecular-weight pofyacrylamide (PHPA) "encapsulating" polymers to complex low-molecular-weight, high charge density cationic compounds. Many of these additives are used in conjunction with salts such as potassium chloride (KG) to enhance the inhibiting effects of the drilling fluid. The performance of these additives have been adequate in many reactive shale environments but some systems have not completely resolved drilling problems or they lack flexibility in terms of mud density, contamination, environmental toxicity, or product compatibility limitations. A unique drilling fluid additive compound has been developed, a modified poty-amino acid that resolves the limitations inherent in other additives, providing a wide range of flexibility and applicability in most water-based mud formulations. Functionally, the compound may be described as a hydration suppressant (HS), limiting the ability of smectite clays to hydrate and swell when exposed to water. HS has a low molecular weight and a low charge density and possesses an amphoteric ionic character. HS is water soluble, exhibits high thermal stability, and environmental testing shows the additive to be safe for use in offshore drilling projects. Fluid formulations have been developed and performance tested. The additive has been found to be compatible with most anionic and cationic compounds, including salts, while improving the drilling fluid system’s ability to retard clay hydration. Testing and analysis shows that HS only affects reactive clays that have not yielded. The yield of pre-hydrated bentonite will not be diminished by the addition of HS nor will the performance of conventional polymeric fluid-loss-control agents. HS has been used on several field trials in both onshore and offshore locations, and in freshwater and seawater systems of varying mud component composition including dispersed and non-dispersed systems. In all cases to date, documented improvement in fluid and drilling performance have been noted.
Coupled Inductor and Integrated Magnetics Techniques in Power Electronics (1983)

Energy storage and power processing with magnetic devices is more efficient if the separate inductors and transformers are integrated into a single magnetic structure. The origins and main results of the coupled-inductor and integrated magnetics concepts are reviewed.
Multi-Sensor Fusion for Enhanced Contextual Awareness of Everyday Activities with Ubiquitous Devices (2014)

In this paper, the authors investigate the role that smart devices, including smartphones and smartwatches, can play in identifying activities of daily living. A feasibility study involving N = 10 participants was carried out to evaluate the devices' ability to differentiate between nine everyday activities. The activities examined include walking, running, cycling, standing, sitting, elevator ascents, elevator descents, stair ascents and stair descents. The authors also evaluated the ability of these devices to differentiate indoors from outdoors, with the aim of enhancing contextual awareness. Data from this study was used to train and test five well known machine learning algorithms: C4.5, CART, Naïve Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptrons and finally Support Vector Machines. Both single and multi-sensor approaches were examined to better understand the role each sensor in the device can play in unobtrusive activity recognition. The authors found overall results to be promising, with some models correctly classifying up to 100% of all instances.
MAC of 1–653 in Beagle Dogs and New Zealand White Rabbits (1988)

The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of I-653 was determined in six beagle dogs and four New Zealand white rabbits. The MAC values (+/- SD) were 7.2 +/- 1.0 atm % for dogs and 8.9 +/- 0.3 atm % for rabbits. Comparison of these results with published MAC values for other anesthetics indicate that I-653 is one-third to one-eighth as potent as currently available volatile anesthetics (enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane). From these data and previous reports, human MAC was projected to be approximately 5.1 atm %.
<b>The Carbonylation of Organoboranes. I. The Carbonylation of Trialkylboranes. A Novel Synthesis of Trialkylcarbinols</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Carbonylation of Organoboranes. I. The Carbonylation of Trialkylboranes. A Novel Synthesis of TrialkylcarbinolsMelville E. D. HillmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 24, 4715–4720Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00883a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00883a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Energetics of CNS White Matter (2012)

The energetics of CNS white matter are poorly understood. We derive a signaling energy budget for the white matter (based on data from the rodent optic nerve and corpus callosum) which can be compared with previous energy budgets for the gray matter regions of the brain, perform a cost-benefit analysis of the energetics of myelination, and assess mechanisms for energy production and glucose supply in myelinated axons. We show that white matter synapses consume ≤0.5% of the energy of gray matter synapses and that this, rather than more energy-efficient action potentials, is the main reason why CNS white matter uses less energy than gray matter. Surprisingly, while the energetic cost of building myelin could be repaid within months by the reduced ATP cost of neuronal action potentials, the energetic cost of maintaining the oligodendrocyte resting potential usually outweighs the saving on action potentials. Thus, although it dramatically speeds action potential propagation, myelination need not save energy. Finally, we show that mitochondria in optic nerve axons could sustain measured firing rates with a plausible density of glucose transporters in the nodal membrane, without the need for energy transfer from oligodendrocytes.
Palladium Aryl Sulfonate Phosphine Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Acrylates with Ethene (2007)

Abstract The reaction of 2‐[bis(2‐methoxy‐phenyl)phosphanyl]‐4‐methyl‐benzenesulfonic acid (a) and 2‐[bis(2′,6′‐dimethoxybiphenyl‐2‐yl)phosphanyl]benzenesulfonic acid (b) with dimethyl( N,N,N ′ ,N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine)‐palladium(II) (PdMe 2 (TMEDA)) leads to the formation of TMEDA bridged palladium based polymerization catalysts ( 1a and 1b ). Upon reaction with pyridine, two mononuclear catalysts are formed ( 2a and 2b ). These catalysts are able to homopolymerize ethylene and also copolymerize ethylene with acrylates or with norbornenes. With ligand b , high molecular weight polymers are formed in high yields, but higher comonomer incorporations are obtained with ligand a . magnified image
Statistical sequential analysis for real-time video scene change detection on compressed multimedia bitstream (2003)

The increased availability and usage of multimedia information have created a critical need for efficient multimedia processing algorithms. These algorithms must offer capabilities related to browsing, indexing, and retrieval of relevant data. A crucial step in multimedia processing is that of reliable video segmentation into visually coherent video shots through scene change detection. Video segmentation enables subsequent processing operations on video shots, such as video indexing, semantic representation, or tracking of selected video information. Since video sequences generally contain both abrupt and gradual scene changes, video segmentation algorithms must be able to detect a large variety of changes. While existing algorithms perform relatively well for detecting abrupt transitions (video cuts), reliable detection of gradual changes is much more difficult. A novel one-pass, real-time approach to video scene change detection based on statistical sequential analysis and operating on a compressed multimedia bitstream is proposed. Our approach models video sequences as stochastic processes, with scene changes being reflected by changes in the characteristics (parameters) of the process. Statistical sequential analysis is used to provide an unified framework for the detection of both abrupt and gradual scene changes.
G Protein α Subunit Genes Control Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of <i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> (1997)

Three G protein alpha subunit genes have been cloned and characterized from Magnaporthe grisea: magA is very similar to CPG-2 of Cryphonectria parasitica; magB is virtually identical to CPG-1 of Cryphonectria parasitica, to gna1 of Neurospora crassa, and to fadA of Emericella nidulans; and magC is most similar to gna2 of Neurospora crassa. Homologous recombination resulting in targeted deletion of magA had no effect on vegetative growth, conidiation, or appressorium formation. Deletion of magC reduced conidiation, but did not affect vegetative growth or appressorium formation. However, disruption of magB significantly reduced vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressorium formation. magB- transformants, unlike magA- and magC- transformants, exhibited a reduced ability to infect and colonize susceptible rice leaves. G protein alpha subunit genes are required for M. grisea mating. magB- transformants failed to form perithecia, whereas magA- and magC- transformants did not produce mature asci. These results suggest that G protein alpha subunit genes are involved in signal transduction pathways in M. grisea that control vegetative growth, conidiation, conidium attachment, appressorium formation, mating, and pathogenicity.
Optimization of non-linear conductance modulation based on metal oxide memristors (2018)

Abstract As memristor-simulating synaptic devices have become available in recent years, the optimization on non-linearity degree (NL, related to adjacent conductance values) is unignorable in the promotion of the learning accuracy of systems. Importantly, based on the theoretical support of the Mott theory and the three partial differential equations, and the model of conductive filaments (CFs), we analyzed and summarized the optimization schemes on the physical structure and the extra stimulus signal from the internal factor and external influence, two aspects, respectively. It is worth noting that we divided the extra stimulus signals into two categories, the combined pulse signal and the feedback pulse signal. The former has an internal logical optimized phenomenon, and the composition of only two parts in each cycle leads to a simple peripheral circuit. The latter can obtain an almost linear NL curve in software stimulation because of its feature in real-time adjustment of signals, but it is complex in hardware implementation. In consideration of space and energy consumption, achieving memristor with different resistive switching (RS) layers can be another optimization scheme. Special attention should be paid to the weaker NL, which could improve learning accuracy at the system level only when the value of other non-ideal properties such as the on/off ratio is within a certain range.
Intel's digital random number generator (DRNG) (2011)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for Intel's Digital Randon Number Generator (DRNG)family of products.
Generation of Murine scFv Intrabodies from B-Cell Hybridomas (2003)

The intracellular expression of recombinant single-chain Fv (scFv) molecules—termed intrabodies—has potential advantages for therapeutic use (,). These single polypeptide chains are made of one heavy-chain variable region (VH) linked through a flexible spacer, usually a repeated motif of 3× GGGGS (although some others have also been described) (), to one light chain variable region (VL). The VH-linker-VL sequence can be inverted with no loss of the binding. Shortened linkers have been used to produce scFvs of divalent or bispecific forms (,).
Alkylamines cause Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation and proliferation by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway (2005)

Three general classes of small, nonpeptide "antigens" activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells: pyrophosphomonoesters, such as isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), and alkylamines. However, we have shown recently that N-BPs indirectly activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells as a consequence of inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway) and the intracellular accumulation of IPP. We now show that alkylamines activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by the same mechanism. Alkylamines were found to be weak inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase and caused accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages, indicative of inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. Furthermore, as with N-BPs, the stimulatory effect of the alkylamines on Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells was abrogated by simultaneous treatment with mevastatin. These findings suggest that only pyrophosphomonoesters such as IPP are true Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cell agonists, whereas alkylamines and N-BPs indirectly activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells through a common mechanism involving the accumulation of IPP.
RNA processing in the minimal organism Nanoarchaeum equitans (2012)

The presented data provide an overview of the production and usage of small RNAs in a cell that has to survive with a highly reduced genome. N. equitans lost many essential metabolic pathways but maintains highly active CRISPR/Cas and rRNA modification systems that appear to play an important role in genome fragmentation.