gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient selection and education for use of the CapSure (Re/Stor) continence shield. (1999)

Stress urinary incontinence affects millions of women. Many treatment options are available, ranging from behavioral or nonsurgical therapies to surgical intervention. The clinical findings of a multicenter trial using the CapSure (Re/Stor) continence shield to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this device for treating women with stress urinary incontinence are reported here. Additionally, the role of patient education and selection is discussed.
Development and validation of HPLC method for imiquimod determination in skin penetration studies (2008)

A simple, rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for the measurement of imiquimod in skin samples after in vitro penetration studies has been developed and validated. In vitro penetration studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cells with porcine skin. Tape stripping technique was used to separate the stratum corneum (SC) from the viable epidermis and dermis. Imiquimod was extracted from skin samples using a 7:3 (v/v) methanol:acetate buffer (100 mM, pH 4.0) solution and ultrasonication. Imiquimod was analyzed by HPLC using C(8) column and UV detection at 242 nm. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile:acetate buffer (pH 4.0, 100 mM):diethylamine (30:69.85:0.15, v/v) with flow rate 1 mL/min. Imiquimod eluted at 4.1 min and the running time was limited to 6.0 min. The procedure was linear across the following concentration ranges: 100-2500 ng/mL for both SC and tape-stripped skin and 20-800 ng/mL for receptor solution. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision values were lower than 20% at the limit of quantitation. The recovery values ranged from 80 to 100%. The method is adequate to assay imiquimod from skin samples, enabling the determination of the cutaneous penetration profile of imiquimod by in vitro studies.
Short distance intra coding scheme for HEVC (2012)

This paper proposes a new intra coding scheme, short distance intra prediction(SDIP), for the current HEVC standardization work. The proposed method is based on the quadtree unit structure of HEVC. By splitting a coding unit(CU) into non-square prediction units(PUs) for coding and reconstruction and therefore shorten the distances between the predicted and the reference pixels, the accuracy of intra prediction can be improved when applying directional prediction method. SDIP improves the intra prediction accuracy especially for high-detailed regions. When integrated into the HEVC reference software, it shows up to 12.6% bit rate reduction to sequences with rich textures.
Imaging performance improvements by EUV mask stack optimization (2011)

EUVL requires the use of reflective optics including a reflective mask. The mask contains a reflecting
multilayer, tuned for 13.5 nm light, and an absorber which defines the dark areas. The EUV mask itself is a
complex optical element with many more parameters than just the mask CD uniformity of the patterned
features that impact the final wafer CDU. One of these parameters is absorber height. It has been shown
that the oblique incidence of light in combination with the small wavelength compared to the mask
topography causes a so-called shadowing effect manifesting itself particularly in an HV wafer CD offset. It
was also shown that this effect can be essentially decreased by reducing absorber height and, in addition, it
can be corrected by means of OPC.
However, reduction of absorber height has a side effect that is an increased reflectivity of a mask black
border resulting in field-to-field stray light due to parasitic reflections. One of the solutions to this problem
is optical process correction (OPC) at field edges. In this paper we will show experimental data obtained on
ASML EUV Alpha tool illustrating the black border effect and will demonstrate that this effect can be
accurately predicted by Brion Tachyon EUV model allowing for a significant cross field CD uniformity
improvement with mask layout correction technique.
Also we show by means of rigorous 3D simulations that it is possible to improve the imaging performance
significantly by performing global optimization of mask absorber height and mask bias in order to increase
exposure latitude, decrease CD sensitivity to mask making variations such as CD mask error and absorber
stack height variations. By sacrificing some exposure latitude throughput of exposure tool can be increased
essentially and HV mask biasing can be reduced. For four masks with different absorber thicknesses from
44 nm to 87 nm it is proven experimentally by means of the EUV Alpha tool exposures of 27 nm L/S that
the absorber thickness can be tuned to maximize exposure latitude. It was also proven that dose to size
grows with absorber height and optimal feature bias depends on mask absorber height.
Transfer of phospholipid and protein into the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria by liposome fusion (1989)

A liposome-bacterial fusion system was developed in order to introduce preformed terminal complement complexes, C5b-9, into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Liposomes were prepared from a total phospholipid extract of Salmonella minnesota Re595. Fusion between liposomes and Salmonella sp. or Escherichia coli 17 was dependent on time, temperature, pH, and Ca2+ and PO4- concentration. Only Salmonella sp. with attenuated LPS core regions were able to fuse efficiently with liposomes. It was demonstrated that fusion of liposomes with S. minnesota Re595 or E. coli 17 under optimum conditions resulted in (i) quantitative transfer of the self-quenching fluorescent membrane probe octadecyl rhodamine B chloride from the liposomal bilayer to the bacterial envelope, (ii) transfer of radiolabeled liposomal phospholipid to the bacterial outer membrane and its subsequent translocation to the cytoplasmic membrane, demonstrated by isolation of the bacterial membranes following fusion, and (iii) delivery of liposome-entrapped horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the periplasmic space, confirmed by a chemiluminescent assay. Following fusion of liposomes incorporating C5b-9 complexes with S. minnesota Re595 or E. coli 17, immunological analysis of the isolated membranes revealed C5b-9 complexes located exclusively in the outer membrane.
Solution Structures of DNA Duplexes Containing a DNA·RNA Hybrid Region, d(GG)r(AGAU)d(GAC)·d(GTCATCTCC) and d(GGAGA)r(UGAC)·d(GTCATCTCC)<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The solution structures of two DNA duplexes containing a DNA*RNA hybrid region at different sites, d(GG)r(AGAU)d(GAC) x d(GTCATCTCC) (DHD, where D and H represent the DNA and DNA x RNA hybrid segments, respectively) and d(GGAGA)r(UGAC) x d(GTCATCTCC) (DDH), were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to clarify the structural features of the D-H and H-D junctions. All proton-proton distances were derived from the NOESY spectra, with mixing times of 45 ms, and the restrained molecular dynamics were carried out starting from the typical A- and B-form conformations. Both duplexes were converged from the respective initial structures into structures with RMSD values of less than 1.0 angstrom. These structures were subjected to full relaxation matrix refinement to produce the final structures. In the case of the D-H junction, where the ribonucleotide was linked to the 3'-end of the DNA, the H2' and H2" signals of the deoxynucleotide overlapped completely, and the ribonucleotide had a H1'-H2' coupling constant larger than that of the normal C3'-endo sugar pucker. The dihedral angles, the pseudorotation phase angles, and the helical parameters changed at the H-D junction, but not at the D-H junction. A detailed comparison of the two duplexes revealed the structural heterogeneity between the DNA segment and the DNA x RNA hybrid region and the transitions at the junctions.
Municipal Bankruptcy Under the 1976 Amendments to Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act (1976)

This articles examines the new Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act, particularly its effectiveness in providing insolvent or financially distressed municipalities with a simpler and more efficient method of obtaining financial relief. The articles discusses the differences under the new Chapter IX as compared to the old Chapter IX and argues that the new Chapter IX, although not designed to accomplish more than its predecessor, is a better tool for financially distressed municipalities because it simplifies the bankruptcy process while increasing the changes of a successful reorganization of debt.
Ammonium chloride, methylamine and chloroquine reversibly inhibit antibody secretion by plasma cells (1985)

The effects of the lysosomotropic weak bases, NH4Cl, methylamine and chloroquine, on the secretory process of antibody-synthesizing cells were studied. Popliteal lymph node cells taken from rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were incubated with the lysosomotropic agents. The rate of secretion of anti-HRP antibodies was measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These agents induced an inhibition of antibody release within 5 min, and for all four concentrations tested, maximal inhibition was reached after 15 min. A 50% inhibition was obtained with 20 mM NH4Cl, 21.7 mM methylamine and 8.8 X 10(-4) M chloroquine. This effect was rapidly and entirely reversible, regardless of the weak base used, and it increased as the pH of the extracellular media was raised. Under these conditions, intracellular ATP contents remained normal, and protein synthesis did not undergo marked changes except with chloroquine. Inhibition of secretion was accompanied by an intracellular accumulation of antibodies which was equal to the degree of inhibition of antibody release. Immunocytochemical studies of the weak base-treated cells performed by light and electron microscopy showed that this accumulation probably occurred within certain dilated Golgi saccules. In addition, reduced incorporation of fucose into immunoglobulins as well as partial inhibition of the secretion of fucosylated immunoglobulins were observed in the presence of weak bases. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that weak bases inhibit antibody secretion by acting within saccules of the Golgi apparatus. These saccules could maintain an acidic pH important for the migration and/or sorting of immunoglobulins.
Pre-charged CMUTs with efficient low-bias voltage operation for medical applications (2013)

Traditionally dielectric charging has been viewed as an undesirable feature of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs) because charging can alter performance of devices and lead to permanent collapse. We introduce a beneficial aspect of dielectric charging in CMUTs. We demonstrate CMUTs that may be pre-charged with a shift in collapse voltage so that at zero applied bias voltage they experience an electrostatic deflection due to trapped dielectric charge. We demonstrate efficient pre-collapse operation at zero applied bias voltage with exceptional long-term reliability. Similar existing strategies for pre-charging CMUTs were not implemented for diagnostic frequencies for immersion or tissue-coupled applications.
Inhibition of replication of human immunodeficiency virus by a heteropolyoxotungstate (PM-19). (1990)

A Keggin polyoxotungstate PM-19 K7[PTi2W10O40].6H2O was found to be a potent inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in OKT4+ cells. In contrast, the effect of HPA 23 (NH4)17Na[NaSb9W21O86], an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase of HIV, was not significant.
Growing Tissues in Real and Simulated Microgravity: New Methods for Tissue Engineering (2014)

Tissue engineering in simulated (s-) and real microgravity (r-μg) is currently a topic in Space medicine contributing to biomedical sciences and their applications on Earth. The principal aim of this review is to highlight the advances and accomplishments in the field of tissue engineering that could be achieved by culturing cells in Space or by devices created to simulate microgravity on Earth. Understanding the biology of three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures is very important for a more complete appreciation of in vivo tissue function and advancing in vitro tissue engineering efforts. Various cells exposed to r-μg in Space or to s-μg created by a random positioning machine, a 2D-clinostat, or a rotating wall vessel bioreactor grew in the form of 3D tissues. Hence, these methods represent a new strategy for tissue engineering of a variety of tissues, such as regenerated cartilage, artificial vessel constructs, and other organ tissues as well as multicellular cancer spheroids. These aggregates are used to study molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, cancer development, and biology and for pharmacological testing of, for example, chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of neoangiogenesis. Moreover, they are useful for studying multicellular responses in toxicology and radiation biology, or for performing coculture experiments. The future will show whether these tissue-engineered constructs can be used for medical transplantations. Unveiling the mechanisms of microgravity-dependent molecular and cellular changes is an up-to-date requirement for improving Space medicine and developing new treatment strategies that can be translated to in vivo models while reducing the use of laboratory animals.
Spike Synchronization and Rate Modulation Differentially Involved in Motor Cortical Function (1997)

It is now commonly accepted that planning and execution of movements are based on distributed processing by neuronal populations in motor cortical areas. It is less clear, though, how these populations organize dynamically to cope with the momentary computational demands. Simultaneously recorded activities of neurons in the primary motor cortex of monkeys during performance of a delayed-pointing task exhibited context-dependent, rapid changes in the patterns of coincident action potentials. Accurate spike synchronization occurred in relation to external events (stimuli, movements) and was commonly accompanied by discharge rate modulations but without precise time locking of the spikes to these external events. Spike synchronization also occurred in relation to purely internal events (stimulus expectancy), where firing rate modulations were distinctly absent. These findings indicate that internally generated synchronization of individual spike discharges may subserve the cortical organization of cognitive motor processes.
Untersuchung flüchtiger Verbindungen bei der thermischen Zersetzung von stickstoffhaltigen Polymerwerkstoffen (2001)

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der thermischer Belastung stickstoffhaltiger Polymerwerkstoffe (Polyamide, Polyurethane und Copolymere des Acrylnitrils). Mit Hilfe der gekoppelten Methoden der Thermischen Analyse (TA-MS, TA-FTIR) konnte die Freisetzung der entstandenen Produkte in Abhangigkeit der Temperatur verfolgt werden. Die Emissionen von zwei Verbrennungsofen (BIS und VCI) wurden untersucht und mittels der off-line Analyse (GC-MS) identifiziert und quantifiziert. Durch den Einsatz der verschiedenen Techniken wurde das Auffinden von Zersetzungsmechanismen ermoglicht.
Development and evaluation of two novel oligonucleotide probes based on 16S rRNA sequence for the identification of <i>Salmonella</i> in foods (1995)

DNA sequence in the V3 to V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene of Salmonella enteritidis was determined. By comparison of this sequence with those of Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris obtained from GenBank/EMBL database, three oligonucleotides termed as 16S I, 16S II and 16S III were synthesized. Hybridization of these oligonucleotides with 325 Salmonella isolates and some non-Salmonella isolates including the Salmonella closely related species of the family of Enterobacteriaceae showed that 16S II could not be used as a Salmonella specific-probe. 16S I and 16S III hybridized with all the Salmonella isolates tested, the former also hybridizing with Citrobacter spp. and the latter hybridizing with Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as Serratia marcescens. Since enrichment of the target cells in food samples was usually required prior to the DNA hybridization assay, the interference from those non-Salmonella isolates could be prevented by enrichment by culturing in lactose-combined tetrathionate (CTET) broth followed by Gram-negative (GN) broth at 37 degrees C and/or 43 degrees C. Such a culture step could inhibit the growth of Klebsiella spp., Ser. marcescens and/or Citrobacter spp. and allowed the specific detection of Salmonella.
Chemical and Photochemical Reductions of Flavin Nucleotides and Analogs<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical and Photochemical Reductions of Flavin Nucleotides and Analogs*G. K. Radda and Melvin CalvinCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 3, 384–393Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00891a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00891a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Type- and Tissue Context-dependent Nuclear Distribution of Human Ago2 (2016)

Argonaute-2 protein (Ago2), a major component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), has been viewed as a cytoplasmic protein. In this study, we demonstrated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy that Ago2 is distributed mainly as a nuclear protein in primary human foreskin keratinocytes in monolayer cultures and their derived organotypic (raft) cultures, although it exhibits only a minimal level of nuclear distribution in continuous cell lines such as HeLa and HaCaT cells. Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) or type 18 (HPV18) infection of the keratinocytes does not affect the nuclear Ago2 distribution. Examination of human tissues reveals that Ago2 exhibits primarily as a nuclear protein in skin, normal cervix, and cervical cancer tissues, but not in larynx. Together, our data provide the first convincing evidence that the subcellular distribution of Ago2 occurs in a cell type- and tissue context-dependent manner and may correlate with its various functions in regulation of gene expression.
Crystallite Size Constraints on Lithium Insertion into Brookite TiO[sub 2] (2008)

We demonstrate lithium insertion into brookite in the nanophase regime. The extent of lithium insertion is significantly influenced by the crystallite size. A maximum of can be inserted into 10 nm size crystallites and the extent of lithium insertion is low (0.23 Li) in 33 nm crystallites. The reversibility decreases with an increase in crystallite size. The contrasting behavior of brookite and rutile suggests that the structural features of brookite may play an important role in determining Li insertion behavior.
Distributed space-time coding strategies for wideband multihop networks: regenerative vs. non-regenerative relays (2004)

Distributed space-time coding (DSTC) is a rather novel paradigm that merges ideas from space-time coding (STC) and multihop networks (MHN) to design a wireless network capable of improving the performance considerably with respect to single hop networks (SHN). The basic advantage of DSTC comes from allowing multiple nodes to share their antennas to create a virtual transmit array and then implement a distributed space-time coding technique over the virtual array. The major differences between DSTC and conventional STC are: (i) detection errors at the relay nodes; and (ii) possible lack of synchronization between source and relay nodes. In this work, we study these problems and compare different DSTC techniques based on decode and forward and amplify and forward strategies. Finally, we show the trade-off curves between rate and diversity gain for DSTC systems.
[The pathology department]. (2002)

The evolution of the Laboratory of Pathology at Erasmus Hospital is directly related to the morphological diagnosis integration in the medico-surgical organization of the Hospital. Such integration is based on the creation of links between the Laboratory of Pathology and the clinical departments and necessitates permanent adaptations to new complementary technology. Immunohistochemical methods were gradually included in the surgical morphological diagnosis. Currently, new markers from molecular biology are needed to obtain accurate pathological diagnosis. We observe an increasing hyperspecialization of the morphological classification with complete integration of such biological markers leading to the necessity of carrying out collegial diagnosis. The development of the telepathology technology permits international collegial diagnosis. According to its central position the Laboratory of Pathology plays an important part in the development of the clinical and fundamental research. The research subjects of the Laboratory of Pathology concern diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in colic cancers, sarcomas, brain tumors and HPV related tumors endometriosis.
Hybrid Seed Production in<i>Capsicum</i> (1999)

SummaryWhile ˜20 Capsicumspecies are recognized, Capsicum annuumis the predominant species cultivated, encompassing both hot and sweet peppers. Heterosis has been documented in hot and sweet peppers, and hybrids are gaining increasing popularity among farmers throughout the world. Producing high-quality hybrid pepper seeds requires careful management of the parental lines, skilled labor to make the cross-pollinations, and proper processing of the resulting seeds. The use of genic and cytoplasmic-genic male sterility is increasing in order to decrease the cost of hybrid seed production. Molecular markers are increasingly being used to check the purity of hybrid seeds. Most hybrid seed production occurs in countries with cheap, skilled labor, such as China, India, and Thailand.
Flotation of Pyrrhotite using Cationic Collector (1959)

Pyrrhotite is one of the minerals which have called attention in recent years. Generally, pyrrhotite is beneficiated as follows: Feed→Magnetic Separation→Xanthate Flotation (or vice versa)In this conventional flowsheet, the more floatable pyrrhotite is recovered by flotation with xanthate, while the less-floatable is recovered by magnetic separation. This is because the morefloatable pyrrhotite has weak magnetic property, while the less-floatable a stronger tendency.In this study, the authors have succeeded in recovering the less-floatable pyhrrotite by flotation using 40g RADA per ton ore as a collector. Using RADA increases the floatability of pyrrhotite, which is hardly recovered by the conventional flotation. For instance, in the flotation of Kamaishi pyrrhotite, which showed a recovery of only 17% with 200g potassium ethyl xanthate per ton of ore, a recovery of 86% is obtained with 40g RADA per ton of ore treated.As the results of this study, the process of magnetic separation may be eliminated in the beneficiation of pyrrhotite, so the flowsheet can be simplified as follows: Feed→Xanthate Flotation→RADA Flotation