gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Ambulatory Activity and Dopamine Turnover in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (1988)

We have observed the acute effects of streptozotocin (STZ) on ambulatory activity by employing the automatic apparatus for continuous and direct measurement of drinking and ambulation. Ambulatory activity (counts) in the control periods was 298.2 +/- 20.1 in the dark, 35.6 +/- 9.4 in the light, and 343.9 +/- 24.1 over 24 h. After administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip), the ambulatory activity gradually decreased [at 3 days: 165.0 +/- 12.3 in the dark (P less than 0.001), 34.0 +/- 10.5 in the light (P = NS), and 199.0 +/- 10.5 over 24 h (P less than 0.001). For determination of statistical significance, values were compared with those at the same time in the control groups. We observed decreased ambulatory activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats during the dark, but not the light, cycle. Moreover, ambulatory activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats gradually decreased, while the blood glucose level rose. Ambulatory activity correlated inversely with blood glucose level (r = -0.76; P less than 0.05). We measured the ratio of dopamine (DA) to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (nanograms per g) in the striatum. The turnover rate of DA was significantly lower in the diabetic rats than in the control group [diabetic, 0.102 +/- 0.003; control, 0.112 +/- 0.001 (mean +/- SE); P less than 0.05]. A negative correlation between the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to DA ratio and blood glucose level was observed (r = -0.693; P less than 0.01). The present study suggests that there are metabolic abnormalities in the striatum dopaminergic neurons of STZ-induced diabetic rats associated with decreased ambulatory activity.
GNSS receivers for weak signals (2006)

Overview of GPS and Weak Signal Processing. Signal Models. Unaided Weak Signal Acquisition. Fine Acquisition, Bit Synchronization, and Data Detection. Carrier and Code Tracking and Navigation Message Decoding.
Comparison and Evaluation of Retrospective Intermodality Brain Image Registration Techniques (1997)

Our results indicate that retrospective techniques have the potential to produce satisfactory results much of the time, but that visual inspection is necessary to guard against large errors.
Materials for solar cells (2011)

Solar cells are one of the most benign options yet suggested for generating the world's future energy needs. Present photovoltaic technology, based on silicon wafers similar to those used in microelectronics, works extremely well and underpins a rapidly expanding industry. However, to be used on the very large scale that is technically possible, less material-intensive approaches need to be developed to reduce costs. This chapter reviews the current status and emerging trends with both the silicon wafer-based approaches as well as with the “second generation” thin-film technologies likely to play an increasing role in the future. These thin films include thin films of silicon in amorphous and polycrystalline phases, as well as in an intermediate “microcrystalline” mixed phase. Other interesting thin film materials include chalcogenide-based polycrystalline compound semiconductors, such as copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride, that have attractive features, such as the relative electronic inactivity of grain boundaries in these materials. The chapter also describes the progress with dye-sensitized and organic materials.
Antennas for terahertz applications (2006)

Interest in terahertz science has expanded rapidly in recent years due largely to the advent of new RF components and new fast-pulse optical time domain spectroscopic techniques. The two traditional development communities that border the terahertz gap - optical and microwave, are beginning to converge as we see more wide spread use of terahertz systems. One technology area where both these communities can benefit is in the design and realization of new forms of terahertz antennas and beam forming networks. Both frequency domain and optical time domain techniques make use of single mode, broad band terahertz antennas. However, most existing instruments utilize very simple structures that have been imported from the microwave community. The very special needs of newly proposed terahertz instruments, especially very wide band-width spectroscopy and high resolution imagers, require new antenna concepts and new ways of implementing already established antenna designs. More traditional applications for terahertz systems, in radio astronomy, remote sensing and radar, generally require large diameter, high surface accuracy antenna dishes that can benefit from active surface correction, new light weight materials and compact designs. This paper provides a brief overview of terahertz antenna issues from large scale reflectors to multipixel imaging systems. It is intended as an introduction to a field with both wide breadth and applications that cross many disciplines
Example-guided physically based modal sound synthesis (2013)

Linear modal synthesis methods have often been used to generate sounds for rigid bodies. One of the key challenges in widely adopting such techniques is the lack of automatic determination of satisfactory material parameters that recreate realistic audio quality of sounding materials. We introduce a novel method using prerecorded audio clips to estimate material parameters that capture the inherent quality of recorded sounding materials. Our method extracts perceptually salient features from audio examples. Based on psychoacoustic principles, we design a parameter estimation algorithm using an optimization framework and these salient features to guide the search of the best material parameters for modal synthesis. We also present a method that compensates for the differences between the real-world recording and sound synthesized using solely linear modal synthesis models to create the final synthesized audio. The resulting audio generated from this sound synthesis pipeline well preserves the same sense of material as a recorded audio example. Moreover, both the estimated material parameters and the residual compensation naturally transfer to virtual objects of different sizes and shapes, while the synthesized sounds vary accordingly. A perceptual study shows the results of this system compare well with real-world recordings in terms of material perception.
Depth hole filling using the depth distribution of neighboring regions of depth holes in the Kinect sensor (2012)

This paper proposes a depth hole filling method for RGBD images obtained from the Microsoft Kinect sensor. First, the proposed method labels depth holes based on 8-connectivity. For each labeled depth hole, the proposed method fills depth hole using the depth distribution of neighboring pixels of the depth hole. Then, we refine the hole filling result with cross-bilateral filtering. In experiments, by simply using the depth distribution of neighboring pixels, the proposed method improves the acquired depth map and reduces false filling caused by incorrect depth-color fusion.
Laboratory Preparation of Tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Chloride (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaboratory Preparation of Tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium ChlorideWilson A. Reeves, Francis F. Flynn, and John D. GuthrieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 14, 3923–3924Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01619a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The synthesis of aminophosphonic acid derivatives & related compounds. (1991)

1-Aminoalkanephosphonic acids and their derivatives, have long been claimed to be compounds with a wide variety of application. Numerous examples exist where they have been described as: complex-forming agents with sequestrating properties, extractants, wetting agents, pharmaceutical preparations, ion exchangers, herbicides, compounds with plant growth regulatory activity; inhibitors of aminopeptidases; as structural units in peptide analogues, functioning as antibacterial agents, which inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis; as structural units in peptidic phosphonylating agents that irreversibly inhibit a wide variety of serine proteases; as structural units in butyloxycarbonyl protected phosphonate esters that complex with alpha-lytic proteases; and as structural units in peptidyl phosphonate diphenyl 9 10 esters which powerfully inhibit the enzyme thrombin. …
The Radon transform on a family of curves in the plane (1981)

Inversion formulas are given for Radon's problem when the line integrals are evaluated along curves given, for a fixed (p, <f>), by r" cos|a(9 -<£)| = p", where a is real, o ^ 0.
Low-Latency Driven Energy Efficiency for D2D Communications (2019)

Low latency and energy efficiency are two important performance requirements in various fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. In order to jointly design the two performance requirements, in this paper a new performance metric called effective energy efficiency (EEE) is defined as the ratio of the effective capacity (EC) to the total power consumption in a cellular network with underlaid device to device (D2D) communications. We aim to maximize the EEE of the D2D network subject to the D2D device power constraints and the minimum rate constraint of the cellular network. Due to the non-convexity of the problem, we propose a two-stage difference-of-two-concave (DC) function approach to solve this problem. Towards that end, we first introduce an auxiliary variable to transfer the fractional objective function into a subtractive form. We then propose a successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm to iteratively solve the resulting non-convex problem. The convergence and the global optimality of the proposed SCA algorithm are both analyzed. The numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Pseudo Division and Pseudo Multiplication Processes (1962)

Some digit-by-digit methods for the evaluation of the elementary functions are described. The methods involve processes that resemble repeated-addition multiplication and repeated-subtraction division. Consequently, the methods are easy to implement and the resultant execution times are short.
Aligned carbon nanotube–epoxy composites: the effect of nanotube organization on strength, stiffness, and toughness (2016)

A protocol has been developed for the production of epoxy-based composites containing high-volume fractions of aligned carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes were fabricated as continuous fibres or aligned mats directly from the CVD reactor, in which they were synthesized. The block composites with highly aligned and tightly packed nanotube assemblies were prepared via epoxy resin infiltration, and their volume fraction, distribution, and internal porosity being analysed prior to mechanical testing. The samples were tested in both axial tension and three-point bending. The results show that the strength and stiffness enhancements were close to pro rata with the volume fraction of the carbon nanotubes added. The failure modes were distinctly different from those characteristic of the conventional aligned carbon fibre composites. The fracture surface showed considerable evidence of pull-out of bundles of (~50) nanotubes, but the pull-out appeared to involve the resin matrix which drew out along with the bundles. Subsidiary cracks were bridged by nanotube bundles giving structures reminiscent of crazes in glassy polymers, what constitutes the distinct toughness mechanism and higher resistance to the transverse cracks propagation.
Acoustic Emission Characterization of Corrosion Induced Damage in Reinforced Concrete (1984)

The deterioration of steel reinforced concrete caused by reinforcing bar corrosion is recognized as a major technical problem in the State of Florida and nationwide. This mode of failure is usually recognized in the final stages when surface cracking and spalling of the concrete occurs. The purpose of this study is to extend work previously reported on a nondestructive monitoring technique to detect, characterize, and locate corrosion induced structural damage. Acoustic emission technology is used to monitor and characterize the deterioration process in a series of controlled laboratory tests. By comparing measured acoustic emission characteristics, including counts and amplitude distributions, with physical examination of test specimens at various phases of corrosion induced damage, a relation between the observed damage and the attendant acoustic emission is developed. The study illustrates the sensitivity of the method to the ongoing deterioration process and explores its use as a corrosion damage monitoring technique. Various aspects of the experimental results are discussed.
Heat- and Mass-Transfer Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Sorbent-Loaded Hollow Fibers (2011)

Sorbent-loaded hollow fibers operating in a rapid temperature-swing adsorption cycle are a unique platform for the capture of CO2 from power plants. They are ideally suited for heat recovery strategies that will reduce the operating costs of capture facilities. Accurate estimates of the fiber-level heat- and mass-transfer kinetics are critical for the design and implementation of these systems. A detailed coupled heat- and mass-transfer model of the adsorption process in sorbent-loaded fibers is developed here. The effects of varying fiber geometry on the heat- and mass-transfer kinetics are presented. The rapid diffusion and adsorption in the fiber and the direct cooling of the fibers will enable efficient capture of CO2, as well as substantial recovery of the sensible heat capacity of the beds, thus reducing energy costs of the thermal-swing adsorption process.
Growth behavior and properties of atomic layer deposited tin oxide on silicon from novel tin(II)acetylacetonate precursor and ozone (2013)

In this work, a novel liquid tin(II) precursor, tin(II)acetylacetonate [Sn(acac)2], was used to deposit tin oxide films on Si(100) substrate, using a custom-built hot wall atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor. Three different oxidizers, water, oxygen, and ozone, were tried. Resulting growth rates were studied as a function of precursor dosage, oxidizer dosage, reactor temperature, and number of ALD cycles. The film growth rate was found to be 0.1 ± 0.01 nm/cycle within the wide ALD temperature window of 175–300 °C using ozone; no film growth was observed with water or oxygen. Characterization methods were used to study the composition, interface quality, crystallinity, microstructure, refractive index, surface morphology, and resistivity of the resulting films. X-ray photoelectron spectra showed the formation of a clean SnOx–Si interface. The resistivity of the SnOx films was calculated to be 0.3 Ω cm. Results of this work demonstrate the possibility of introducing Sn(acac)2 as tin precursor to deposit conducting ALD SnOx thin films on a silicon surface, with clean interface and no formation of undesired SiO2 or other interfacial reaction products, for transparent conducting oxide applications.
THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF METHIMAZOLE ON CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNITY IS MEDIATED BY ITS CAPACITY TO INHIBIT PEROXIDASE AND TO SCAVENGE FREE OXYGEN RADICALS (1986)

We have investigated the effect of methimazole (MMI) on cell-mediated immunity and ascertained the mechanisms of immunosuppression produced by the drug. Methimazole (greater than or equal to 10(-5) M) produced a dose-dependent inhibition in 'active' (early) rosette formation with sheep red cells and in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation. A concentration of 10(-4) M MMI inhibited the immediate rise in intracellular cAMP triggered by PHA and the subsequent time dependent decrement over 24 h. The drug (10(-3) M) also exerted a significant inhibitory effect on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) over six-fold difference in target/effector cell ratios. At a concentration of 10(-5) M, MMI inhibited zymosan-induced respiratory burst (determined by change in the chemiluminescence of oxidized luminol) in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell preparations. Ninety-five per cent of the chemiluminescence in the latter preparation was due to monocytes. At concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-6) M, MMI significantly inhibited (in cell-free systems) horseradish peroxidase-dependent generation of chemiluminescence as well as the oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide. Methimazole exerts its inhibitory effects on measures of cell-mediated immunity by at least two mechanisms: inhibition of peroxidase and scavenging free oxygen radicals. Insensitivity of the test systems or poor access of MMI to leucocytes may account for the need for greater than or equal to 10(-5) M MMI to inhibit cell-mediated immunity significantly.
Lossless Astronomical Image Compression and the Effects of Noise (2009)

We compare a variety of lossless image compression methods on a large sample of astronomical images and show how the compression ratios and speeds of the algorithms are affected by the amount of noise in the images. In the ideal case where the image pixel values have a random Gaussian distribution, the equivalent number of uncompressible noise bits per pixel is given by Nbits =log2(sigma * sqrt(12)) and the lossless compression ratio is given by R = BITPIX / Nbits + K where BITPIX is the bit length of the pixel values and K is a measure of the efficiency of the compression algorithm. We perform image compression tests on a large sample of integer astronomical CCD images using the GZIP compression program and using a newer FITS tiled-image compression method that currently supports 4 compression algorithms: Rice, Hcompress, PLIO, and GZIP. Overall, the Rice compression algorithm strikes the best balance of compression and computational efficiency; it is 2--3 times faster and produces about 1.4 times greater compression than GZIP. The Rice algorithm produces 75%--90% (depending on the amount of noise in the image) as much compression as an ideal algorithm with K = 0. The image compression and uncompression utility programs used in this study (called fpack and funpack) are publicly available from the HEASARC web site. A simple command-line interface may be used to compress or uncompress any FITS image file.
Controlling the error in spectral vector error diffusion (2007)

We aim to print spectral images using spectral vector error diffusion. Vector error diffusion produces good quality halftoned images but it is very slow to diffuse the error in the image during the halftoning process due to error accumulation. In spectral images each pixel is a re.ectance and the accumulation of error can modify completly the shape of the reflectance. This phenomena is increased when data are out of the gamut of the printer. To control the diffusion of error and to decrease the slowness of the spectral vector error diffusion we preprocess the spectral image by applying spectral gamut mapping and test the shape of the reflectances by keeping them in a range of feasible values. Our spectral gamut mapping is based on the inversion of the spectral Neugebauer printer model. After preprocessing the spectral image to be halftoned is the closest estimation the printer can made of it with the available colorants. We apply spectral vector error diffusion to spectral images and we evaluate the halftoning by simulation. We use a seven channels printer which we assume has stable inks and no dot gain (with a large set of inks we increase the variability or re.ectances the printer can produce). Our preprocessing and error control have shown promising results.
Investigation of 2-b/s/Hz 40-Gb/s DWDM Transmission Over 4&gt;tex&lt;$,times,$&gt;/tex&lt;100 km SMF-28 Fiber Using RZ-DQPSK and Polarization Multiplexing (2004)

We have investigated transmission of 14/spl times/40 Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexing channels with 20-GHz spacing over 4/spl times/100 km of SMF-28 fiber. A spectral efficiency of 2 b/s/Hz was demonstrated by 4-b (8-state) per-symbol coding using return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) and polarization multiplexing using polarization bit interleaving. All 12.5-Gsymbols/s transmitted channels included 25% overhead bandwidth reserved for forward-error correction (FEC) and showed uncorrected bit-error rate below the FEC threshold required for error-free operation. Demodulation of the RZ-DQPSK signal at the receiver was achieved using a fiber-based asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer as well as a packaged integrated lithium niobate optical 90/spl deg/ hybrid.
Chronic Stimulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Treatment of Atypical Facial Neuralgia (1987)

After a trial of percutaneous stimulation of the Gasserian ganglion in 21 patients with atypical facial pain, five patients were selected for chronic implantation. After a follow-up of two years (18 to 32 months), there is stable and excellent analgesia in three patients. There are various complications and problems associated with the method of implantation, either percutaneous or open. The best indication for this procedure is the presence of trigeminal pain and some sensory loss in the painful area. This new application of neurostimulation for pain was described by Myerson in 1980, and this therapy should be considered for any patient who has atypical facial pain that has been resistant to other forms of treatment.
The human minisatellite consensus at breakpoints of oncogene translocations (1990)

A reexamination of human minisatellite (hypervariable) regions following the cloning and sequencing of the new minisatellite, VTR1.1, revealed that many of these structures possessed a strongly conserved copy of the chi-like octamer, GC[A/T]GG[A/T]GG. In oncogene translocations apparently created by aberrant VDJ recombinase activity, this VTR octamer was often found within a few bases of the breakpoint (p less than 10(-10)). Three bcl2 rearrangements which occurred within 2 bp of one another were located precisely adjacent to this consensus; it defined the 5' border of that oncogene's major breakpoint cluster. Several c-myc translocations also occurred within 2 bp of this sequence. While the appearance of a chi-like element in polymorphic minisatellite sequences is consistent with a role promoting either recombination or replication slippage, the existence of such elements at sites of somatic translocations suggests chi function in site-specific recombination, perhaps as a subsidiary recognition signal in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. We discuss the implications of these observations for mechanisms by which oncogene translocations and minisatellite sequences are generated.