gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient post-layout timing verification via RLC trees and explicit PWL timing integration (2003)

An approach to sub-micron VLSI timing verification is presented. VLSI signal paths are split into typical stages, each composed of a driver, interconnect circuitry and loading. The timing model for the interconnections is based on an RLC tree, and the CMOS drivers are represented by piecewise constant (PWC) transistor models, which suit well the fast timing analysis technique used, i.e. explicit piecewise linear (PWL) integration. In addition, coupling capacitances to the neighboring lines can be incorporated into the RLC tree. The equivalent second order approximations for the RLC tree are derived by moment matching. Those models reduce significantly the order of the problem, and provide thereby substantial CPU-time savings when simulated. They are also shown to be accurate enough to model the timing behavior of a stage. Practical examples included in the paper verify the presented approach.
Inverse problem in optical diffusion tomography II Role of boundary conditions (2002)

We consider the inverse problem of reconstructing the absorption and diffusion coefficients of an inhomogeneous highly scattering medium probed by diffuse light. The role of boundary conditions in the derivation of Fourier-Laplace inversion formulas is considered. Boundary conditions of a general mixed type are discussed, with purely absorbing and purely reflecting boundaries obtained as limiting cases. Four different geometries are considered with boundary conditions imposed on a single plane and on two parallel planes and on a cylindrical and on a spherical surface.
Monophonic transcription with autocorrelation (2000)

This paper describes an algorithm, which performs monophonic music transcription. A pitch tracker calculates the fundamental frequency of the signal from the autocorrelation function. A continuity-restoration block takes the extracted pitch and determines the score corresponding to the original performance. The signal envelope analysis completes the transcription system, calculating attack-sustain-decay-release times, which improves the synthesis process. Attention is also paid to the extraction of timbre and wavetable synthesis. 1.
Charge trapping in ultrathin hafnium oxide (2002)

The charge trapping properties of ultrathin HfO/sub 2/ in MOS capacitors during constant voltage stress have been investigated. The effects of stress voltage, substrate type, annealing temperature, and gate electrode are presented in this letter. It is shown that the generation of interface-trap density under constant-voltage stress is much more significant for samples with Pt gate electrodes than that with Al gates. The trapping-induced flatband shift in HfO/sub 2/ with Al gates increases monotonically with injection fluence for p-type Si substrates, while it shows a turnaround phenomenon for n-type Si substrates due to the shift of the charge centroid. The trapping-induced flatband shift is nearly independent of stress voltage for p-type substrates, while it increases dramatically with stress voltage for n-type Si substrates due to two competing mechanisms. The trap density can be reduced by increasing the annealing temperature from 500/spl deg/C to 600/spl deg/C. The typical trapping probability for JVD HfO/sub 2/ is similar to that for ALD HfO/sub 2/.
Ordering Energy Levels of Interacting Spin Systems (1962)

The total spin S is a good quantum number in problems of interacting spins. We have shown that for rather general antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic Hamiltonians, which need not exhibit translational invariance, the lowest energy eigenvalue for each value of S [denoted E(S) ] is ordered in a natural way. In antiferromagnetism, E(S + 1) &gt; E(S) for S ≥ 0. In ferrimagnetism, E(S + 1) &gt; E(S) for S≥S, and in addition the ground state belongs to S≤S. S is defined as follows: Let the maximum spin of the A sublattice be SA and of the B sublattice SB; then S≡|SA−SB|. Antiferromagnetism is treated as the special case of S=0. We also briefly discuss the structure of the lowest eigenfunctions in an external magnetic field.
Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer Disease: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications (2000)

In Alzheimer disease brains, the amyloid plaques are closely associated with a locally induced, nonimmune-mediated, chronic inflammatory response without any apparent influx of leukocytes from the blood. The present findings indicate that in cerebral A beta diseases (Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type), the clinical symptoms are determined to a great extent by the site of inflammatory response. It was found that the formation of the amyloid-microglia complex seems to be a relatively early pathogenic event that precedes the process of severe destruction of the neuropil. The idea that inflammation is implicated in Alzheimer pathology has received support from the epidemiologic studies indicating that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs can prevent or retard the Alzheimer disease process. In this contribution, we review the relationship between inflammation and clinical manifestation and the opportunities for anti-inflammatory treatments in Alzheimer disease.
Cancer cell inhibition of erythropoiesis. (1980)

In this study we have used tissue culture techniques to explore the mechanism by which metastatic cancer cells in the bone marrow interfere with erythropoiesis. The effect of transplantable Walker-256 (W256) cancer cells on Ep-stimulated erythroid colony formation (CFU-E) in methylcellulose cultures and 59Fe-heme synthesis by rat marrow cells in suspension cultures was studied. The number of CFU-Es per 4 X 10(5) marrow cells decreased by 55% in the presence of 4 X 10(2) cancer cells. Likewise, the stimulatory effect of Ep on normal marrow heme synthesis decreased by 89% when cancer cells were added to marrow cell cultures. By the immobilization of the cancer cells in an agar underlayer, the inhibitory effect of cancer cells on marrow erythropoiesis in an upper methylcellulose layer was demonstrated to be independent of cell contact. The CFU-E growth-inhibitory effect of cancer cells could be attenuated by drugs which interfere with cancer cell protein and DNA synthesis. Although these experiments suggest that cancer cells produce an inhibitor of erythropoiesis, a stable inhibitory factor was not isolated. In similar experiments, rat peritoneal macrophages were also able to inhibit in vitro erythropoiesis. We conclude that cancer cells have the capacity to inhibit erythropoiesis by a mechanism which is independent of cell contact.
Simultaneous Reduction of Soot and NO<sub>x</sub> in a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Discharge Plasma (1991)

The exhaust gas from a diesel engine is one of the causes of the air pollusion. It is the most important subject required at this moment to eliminate the NOx components as well as soot simultaneously from the point of view of suppressing the air pollusion.In the last one decade, we have been investigating about the reduction of NOx and COx by using discharge plasmas, obtaining reasonable results, but no useful means has been developed about the elimination of the soot. Very recently, however, we have successfully developped a new technique for the elimination of NOx and soot simultaneously by the combination of discharge plasma and oil dynamics. 100% of soot and 80% of NOx can be eliminated by our new technique.In this paper, the principle of new technique and major results are described, the effect of oil to the NOx and soot elimination is analyzed by the electromagnetic theory, and some subjects for further investigation are suggested.
Experience on Shutdown PSA and Risk Monitoring Strategy in TEPCO Group (2006)

At an overseas nuclear power plants, maintenance of some safety systems is carried out during plant operation. In Japan, most of maintenance activity is conducted during plant shutdown which is required by nuclear regulation. Therefore, shutdown risk changes greatly due to complicated configuration
A 300–800 MHz Tunable Filter and Linearized LNA Applied in a Low-Noise Harmonic-Rejection RF-Sampling Receiver (2010)

A multiband flexible RF-sampling receiver aimed at software-defined radio is presented. The wideband RF sampling function is enabled by a recently proposed discrete-time mixing downconverter. This work exploits a voltage-sensing LNA preceded by a tunable <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> pre-filter with one external coil to demonstrate an RF-sampling receiver with low noise figure (NF) and high harmonic rejection (HR). The second-order <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> filter provides voltage pre-gain and attenuates the source noise aliasing, and it also improves the HR ratio of the sampling downconverter. The LNA consists of a simple amplifier topology built from inverters and resistors to improve the third-order nonlinearity via an enhanced voltage mirror technique. The RF-sampling receiver employs 8 times oversampling covering 300 to 800 MHz in two RF sub-bands. The chip is realized in 65 nm CMOS and the measured gain across the band is between 22 and 28 dB, while achieving a NF between 0.8 to 4.3 dB. The IIP2 varies between +38 and +49 dBm and the IIP3 between -14 dBm and -9 dBm, and the third and fifth order HR ratios are more than 60 dB. The LNA and downconverter consumes 6 mW, and the clock generator takes 12 mW at 800 MHz RF.
An adaptive, fast, and safe XML parser based on byte sequences memorization (2005)

XML (Extensible Markup Language) processing can incur significant runtime overhead in XML-based infrastructural middleware such as Web service application servers. This paper proposes a novel mechanism for efficiently processing similar XML documents. Given a new XML document as a byte sequence, the XML parser proposed in this paper normally avoids syntactic analysis but simply matches the document with previously processed ones, reusing those results. Our parser is adaptive since it partially parses and then remembers XML document fragments that it has not met before. Moreover, it processes safely since its partial parsing correctly checks the well-formedness of documents. Our implementation of the proposed parser complies with the JSR 63 standard of the Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.1 specification. We evaluated Deltarser performance with messages using Google Web services. Comparing to Piccolo (and Apache Xerces), it effectively parses 35% (106%) faster in a server-side use-case scenario, and 73% (126%) faster in a client-side use-case scenario.
Tissue factor antigen in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease. (1991)

Tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin) is the primary initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, triggering a proteolytic cascade when exposed to circulating coagulation factors. In this study, the distribution of tissue factor was examined immunohistochemically in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control brains. Tissue factor was expressed diffusely in the neocortex, but in AD there was enhanced immunoreactivity in senile plaques. Although tissue factor might potentially contribute to the formation of senile plaques, it could also accumulate in the plaques as a secondary response to other biochemical perturbations.
Reaktionen der β‐Alkoxyalkyl‐carbene (1967)

Abstract β‐Alkoxyalkyl‐carbene wurden aus Alkoxyketon‐tosylhydrazonen und β‐Alkoxy‐diazoalkanen erzeugt. Als Endprodukte entstehen Enoläther und Alkoxycyclopropane. Die intramolekularen Reaktionen entsprechen qualitativ denen der Alkylcarbene. Die Produktverhältnisse sind jedoch charakteristisch verändert: β‐Alkoxylgruppen fördern die Wanderung weitere β‐Substituenten (H, Alkyl, Alkoxyl) zum Carben‐Kohlenstoff. Eine Deutung dieses Effekts und der Isomerenverhältnisse wird vorgeschlagen.
Novel sequential rotation technique for broadband circularly polarized microstrip ring antennas (2008)

A new sequential rotation technique for wideband circularly polarized ring antennas has been investigated. The concept is based on the reconfigurable proximity coupling feeding method proposed by the author recently. Theoretical investigations show that wider axial ratio bandwidth can be obtained. Moreover, it can retain the advantages of the switching between right-handed (RH) and left-handed (LP) circular polarization (CP) easily. The proposed club-shaped microstrip feed line excites the fundamental TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode of the three ring radiating elements through proximity coupling along the semi-annular section of the line. The phase differences between elements are about 120 degree. The induced rotating surface currents on the ring radiators contribute to the circular polarization characteristic of the antennas. Prototypes operate at 2.4 GHz have been designed to show the basic operating principles of the antennas. Simulated return loss, axial ratio, gain and radiation patterns of the antennas have been presented.
Domain-based on-line simulation for real-time decision support (1993)

In this research the applicability of on-line simulation systems for real time decision support is explored and the concept of domain based on-line simulation systems is introduced.
An agent-oriented framework for concurrent engineering (1994)

We propose a model for the concurrent engineering process based on an agent-oriented approach. Our modelling approach captures the relationships between the attributes, perceptions and actions of agents. Our model differs from traditional models in that it deals not only with the object being designed, but also with the interaction between the human design agents and its influence upon the development of an evolving prototype. Such a model can be applied even where the design process itself has a nonroutine character, with incomplete task descriptions, nondeterministic solution paths and on-going human intervention. The design object can be seen as having a complex hierarchical structure, and each agent as having its own view of the object. We describe a multilevel procedure that specifies the way in which the design object is synthesised from agent views over time. In this process, the design object is developed in a bottom-up fashion through the coordination of activities of agents at every level. The complex activity of each agent is described as a sequence of elementary generic activities associated with observation and experiment. In computational terms, the effect of agent activity upon the design object is expressed through the use of scripts of definitions which can be operationally interpreted. >
All-optical gate with picosecond response in semiconductor-doped glasses (1989)

Semiconductor-doped glasses are used as an optical Kerr shutter with less than 3ps on/off switching time at 100 MHz repetition rate.
Structure and physical properties of cellulose acetate/poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) blends (2002)

Abstract Two biodegradable polymers, poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) and cellulose acetate (CA), were solvent‐cast‐blended with chloroform. Macrophase separation took place without a compatibilizer. However, homogeneous blend films were obtained with the addition of tetraisopropyl titanate (TP) as a compatibilizer to the blend. We investigated the reasons for the blends exhibiting homogeneity and measured the physical properties of the blends. We reached the following conclusions: (1) the addition of TP produces small PLLA crystallites in the PLLA/CA blends, (2) the addition of TP reduces the thermal decomposition temperature of PLLA/CA blends, (3) Young's modulus of the blends is almost independent of the blend ratio, and (4) the introduction of TP assists with the hydrolysis of the blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1219–1226, 2002
Fc-Small Molecule Antibody Mimetics (2015)

Antibody therapeutics are a promising drug class due to their high specificity and favorable pharmacokinetics. While there are many methods for the development of antibodies specific to disease associated antigens, selecting antibodies against functional epitopes with high specificity and affinity can be difficult for certain epitopes. We describe a generalizable method for synthesizing antibody mimetics by site specifically conjugating small molecules (with high affinity and specificity to disease associated antigens) to an Fc fragment to develop drugs with the benefits of an antibody. As a proof of concept, an E269pAcPhe Fc antibody Fc fragment was produced and subsequently site-specifically labeled with a linker-modified folic acid compound to generate an Fc-folic acid antibody-mimetic. This was chosen as the model system because the high-affinity folate receptor FR-α is highly expressed in a number of cancer types including breast and ovarian cancer. The specificity of the Fc-folic acid conjugate was assessed via flowcytometry with the folate-receptor positive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by measuring Fc-folic acid binding in both the absence and presence of an excess of folic acid. Fc-small molecule conjugates could be developed into a unique class of antibody-like therapeutics.
Green tea extract reduces induction of p53 and apoptosis in UVB‐irradiated human skin independent of transcriptional controls (2008)

Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation plays a pivotal role in human skin carcinongenesis. Preclinically, systemically and topically applied green tea extract (GTE) has shown reduction of UV‐induced (i) erythema, (ii) DNA damage, (iii) formation of radical oxygen species and (iv) downregulation of numerous factors related to apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. In humans, topical GTE has so far only been tested in limited studies, with usually very high GTE concentrations and over short periods of time. Both chemical stability of GTE and staining properties of highly concentrated green tea polyphenols limit the usability of highly concentrated green tea extracts in cosmetic products. The present study tested the utility of stabilized low‐dose GTE as photochemopreventive agents under everyday conditions. We irradiated with up to 100 mJ/cm 2 of UVB light skin patches which were pretreated with either OM24 ® ‐containing lotion or a placebo lotion. Biopsies were taken from both irradiated and un‐irradiated skin for both immunohistochemistry and DNA microarray analysis. We found that while OM24 ® treatment did not significantly affect UV‐induced erythema and thymidine dimer formation, OM24 ® treatment significantly reduced UV‐induced p53 expression in keratinocytes. We also found that OM24 ® treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic keratinocytes (sunburn cells and TUNEL‐positive cells). Carefully controlled DNA microarray analyses showed that OM24 ® treatment does not induce off‐target changes in gene expression, reducing the likelihood of unwanted side‐effects. Topical GTE (OM24 ® ) reduces UVB‐mediated epithelial damage already at low, cosmetically usable concentrations, without tachyphylaxis over 5 weeks, suggesting GTE as suitable everyday photochemopreventive agents.
Emotional development, theory and applications: a neo-Piagetian perspective (1994)

Tables Preface Introduction A Theory of Emotional Development Needs, Values, Feelings, and Emotions The Psychology of Anger, Shame, Guilt, Sadness, Pride, and Happiness Development, Social Experience, and Consciousness Applications In Search of Emotional Maturity References Index
High power lasers and amplifiers based on double-clad Yb-doped fibres (1998)

In this talk we discuss fundamental properties and various applications of Yb-doped fibre lasers and amplifiers.
<i>Engrailed</i>: Complexity and economy of a multi‐functional transcription factor (2006)

Engrailed is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor with numerous, overlapping roles in neural development. Its multifunctional nature depends upon an extremely diverse group of molecular functions including the ability to regulate both transcription and translation, and to be released from and internalized by cells. Recent findings have shown how some of these functions relate to specific roles in development and disease.
Reliability Testing of Triacs (1977)

A laboratory testing program which was conducted on triacs used in a prototype all-solid-state household dishwasher is described. This testing program was deemed necessary after an inordinately high number of failures of the triacs were encountered in field testing, even though the triacs were being operated well within their published specifications. The operation of triacs, the specific appliance application, and a comparative triac testing plan are described. The test results which led to the selection of a triac which met the high-reliability criteria are given, as well as some specific recommendations for the use of triacs in appliance applications.
Blood‐brain barrier permeability of L‐dopa in man (1981)

The permeability of L-dopa across the blood-brain barrier was studied in twelve patients by means of the indicator dilution method. The extraction of [1-14C]L-dopa and [3-14C]L-dopa was 11.7% and 10.4%, respectively. After pretreatment with carbidopa the extraction was unchanged (13.5% and 11.6%). The permeability coefficient (P) was calculated to 0.9 x 10(-5) cm s-1.
A Simple Synthesis of 2-Substituted-4<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of <i>o</i>-Iodoanilines with Acid Chlorides (1999)

One-pot reaction of o-iodoanilines with acid chlorides and carbon monoxide, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and diisopropylethylamine, regioselectively affords 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones in good to excellent yields. The reaction is believed to proceed via in situ amide formation from an o-iodoaniline and an acid chloride, followed by oxidative addition to Pd(0), CO insertion, and intramolecular cyclization to form the 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivatives.
Yield degradation of integrated circuits due to spot defects (1972)

Economy of integrated circuit fabrication in the presence of quasi-randomly distributed spot defects is described. The distribution of the defects is represented in terms of density and modeled as follows : 1) they are randomly distributed within a limited area; 2) the density in a wafer changes concentrically; and 3) the density is normally distributed from wafer to wafer with uniform deviation throughout a wafer. The yield degradation phenomenon due to such defects has been analyzed using a computer simulation technique. The effect of density variations in a wafer and between wafers has been mainly investigated. An extensive numerical study leads to the following conclusions. 1) The deviation of the yield versus chip-area relation from the simple exponential law is influenced more greatly by the nonuniform defect distribution in a wafer than by the density variation between wafers. 2) The increase of average yield due to the density variation between wafers is sometimes offset by the decrease of the accuracy in yield prediction. Process stabilization is essential for the economical production of a few large-scale chips.
<i>In vivo</i> uptake of heterologous alphafetoprotein and serum albumin by ependymal cells of developing chick embryos (1984)

The in vivo uptake by neuroepithelial cells of rat serum proteins injected into the mesencephalic cavity of developing chicken was demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods. It was found that 48 h after inoculation, rat alphafetoprotein (AFP) and serum albumin (SA) localize in the same places as do chicken AFP and SA. No labelling was present for rat or chicken IgG. We also present evidence showing that chicken ovalbumin, which is not normally found inside ependymal cells is not internalized even when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid at 30-fold its physiological concentration. The existence of transient specific receptors which could be responsible for this protein uptake is proposed. The possible implications in relation to developmental biology are discussed.