gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic Musks. I. Acyl- and Dinitropolyalkyltetralin Derivatives (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolycyclic Musks. I. Acyl- and Dinitropolyalkyltetralin DerivativesT. F. Wood, W. M. Easter Jr., M. S. Carpenter, and J. AngioliniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 9, 2248–2255Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01044a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01044a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Host cell killing and bacterial conjugation require overlapping sets of genes within a 22-kb region of the <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> genome (1998)

A 22-kb DNA locus of Legionella pneumophila is described that contains 18 genes, 16 of which are required for macrophage killing (icm genes). In this paper two previously described icm loci were linked by the discovery of five genes located between the two loci. Four of the newly described genes are required for macrophage killing (icmMLKE) and one is dispensable. The 16 icm genes appeared to be organized as six individual genes (icmR, icmQ, icmG, icmC, icmD, and icmF), and four operons (icmTS, icmPO, icmMLKE, and icmJB). Four icm genes (icmP, icmO, icmL, and icmE) show significant sequence similarity to plasmid genes involved in conjugation, whereas the other icm genes were found not to bear any sequence similarity to database entries. We found that L. pneumophila can mediate plasmid DNA transfer at a frequency of 10(-3) to 10(-4) per donor. Strains containing null mutations in two icm genes (icmT and icmR) showed a severe reduction in conjugation frequency and macrophage killing. Strains containing an insertion in four other icm genes (icmF, icmE, icmC, and dotA) were shown to have a less severe defect in conjugation. Mutations in the other 11 icm genes had no effect on conjugation frequency. We currently do not know whether conjugation itself plays a role in macrophage killing. It is possible either that small plasmids can take advantage of an existing secretion system to be mobilized or that DNA transfer is required for human macrophage killing by L. pneumophila.
Tribute to Charles Black (2002)

I want to thank Barbara for asking me to speak here at this memorial service and celebration of Charles Black's life.I particularly pay my respects to his family.I thank Barbara not only for her friendship and leadership, but also for what she did both directly and indirectly on behalf of women in the law for so many years.As I recall, and it may only be my hazy recollection, Charles Black once told me that the reason he was put out with Yale was because of the nepotism rules then in place that prevented the Law School from employing both Barbara and Charles, which he thought was an extraordinary injustice and loss for the Law School.I don't know if that was the case, but I do know that Barbara's scholarship, her teaching here at Columbia, and her deanship were an extraordinary message to women law students, women law professors, and women lawyers.And I believe that in a great way, Charles's effort to support women students was given fullest flower in the extraordinary career that his wife had.And to his children, I know that hearing these stories may in some respects fill in some blanks that maybe you didn't even know were there, in the knowledge that you had of your father.I think that they convey in some small measure the extraordinary love, affection, and regard that he was held in by so many.And to his brother, Thomas Black, I thank you for sharing those early recollections; you cleared up a mystery, for me at least.I didn't really understand Professor Black's attraction to ballet and jazz until I heard your explanation, and it became abundantly clear.It's an extraordinary pleasure but a little bit daunting for me to stand before you as a former student, as someone who looked at
Light-Induced Shape Changes in Azobenzene Functionalized Polymers Prepared by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2007)

A method for producing well-defined azobenzene functionalized polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is described. ROMP of an isomerically pure exo-norbornene ester tethered to an azobenzene unit in the presence of the third generation Grubbs' catalyst was investigated in detail. The polymerization was determined to be living on the basis of a linear relationship between Mn and [M]/[I] and the ability to quantitatively produce chain extended homopolymers. The polymer's physical response to plane-polarized light was studied in thin films and latex particles. A relief grating was inscribed on the surface of a thin film by irradiation with an interference pattern of linearly polarized light. The same material was used to prepare isotropic colloidal particles of the polymer. These latex particles were transformed to ellipsoids in response to irradiation by linearly polarized light perpendicular to the sample surface.
Occupant Pose and Location Detect for Intelligent Airbag System Based on Computer Vision (2008)

Airbag deployments during automobile accidents can cause injury and even death if the occupant is an improper size or in an improper position. Because of this, steps have been taken to make airbag deployment safer by adding adaptive deployment decision capabilities. This paper presents a new method to obtain occupants' pose and location by using a CCD camera fixed in a cabin. The face location is the target of our initial focus, as it provides a good estimate of the occupant's head position and is the most critical part of the body in airbag deployment. The occupants' head locations are detected through obtaining their face position. First, establish criterion templates to represent different size of occupants, that is, children, the 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentage of female, the 50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentage of male and the 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentage of male. Then compare the occupants' stature with the criterion templates. The airbag can be fully deployed, partially deployed or nor deployed at all according to occupants' size and location. This arithmetic has the advantage of simple, accuracy, real time and less sensitive to illumination. Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed approach is better. The total correct classification rate is 96.5%. It has great significance to maximum protect occupants' lives according to occupants' stature to control the deployment of airbag.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis is associated with a high incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (2010)

We report a novel association of IIM with hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease, indicating that a comprehensive assessment of vascular risk factors is essential in IIM.
Platelet signal transduction defect with Gα subunit dysfunction and diminished Gα <sub>q</sub> in a patient with abnormal platelet responses (1997)

G proteins play a major role in signal transduction upon platelet activation. We have previously reported a patient with impaired agonist-induced aggregation, secretion, arachidonate release, and Ca2+ mobilization. Present studies demonstrated that platelet phospholipase A2 (cytosolic and membrane) activity in the patient was normal. Receptor-mediated activation of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex measured by flow cytometry using antibody PAC-1 was diminished despite normal amounts of GPIIb-IIIa on platelets. Ca2+ release induced by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gammaS]) was diminished in the patient's platelets, suggesting a defect distal to agonist receptors. GTPase activity (a function of alpha-subunit) in platelet membranes was normal in resting state but was diminished compared with normal subjects on stimulation with thrombin, platelet-activating factor, or the thromboxane A2 analog U46619. Binding of 35S-labeled GTP[gammaS] to platelet membranes was decreased under both basal and thrombin-stimulated states. Iloprost (a stable prostaglandin I2 analog) -induced rise in cAMP (mediated by Galphas) and its inhibition (mediated by Galphai) by thrombin in the patient's platelet membranes were normal. Immunoblot analysis of Galpha subunits in the patient's platelet membranes showed a decrease in Galphaq (<50%) but not Galphai, Galphaz, Galpha12, and Galpha13. These studies provide evidence for a hitherto undescribed defect in human platelet G-protein alpha-subunit function leading to impaired platelet responses, and they provide further evidence for a major role of Galphaq in thrombin-induced responses.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7 (mGluR7) as a Target for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Dependence (2015)

Although few medications have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assist people to quit tobacco smoking, there are no FDA-approved medications to treat dependence on other psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine. The motivation to maintain psychostimulant drug seeking and self-administration involves alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, medications that modulate glutamate transmission may be effective treatments for psychostimulant dependence. One presynaptic inhibitory glutamate receptor that critically regulates glutamate transmission is the metabotropic glutamate 7 receptor (mGluR7). This review summarizes nonhuman experimental animal data that indicate a critical role for mGluR7 in drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors for the psychostimulants cocaine and nicotine. AMN082, the only commercially available allosteric receptor agonist, has been used to investigate the role of mGluR7 in psychostimulant dependence. Systemic administration or microinjection of AMN082 into brain sites within the mesocorticolimbic system decreased self-administration and reinstatement of both cocaine and nicotine seeking. In vivo microdialysis results indicated that a nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidum γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic mechanism may underlie AMN082-induced antagonism of the reinforcing effects of cocaine, whereas a glutamate mGlu2/3 receptor mechanism underlies the AMN082-induced blockade of cocaine seeking. These findings indicate an important role for mGluR7 in mesolimbic areas in modulating the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, and the conditioned behaviors associated with drugs of abuse. Thus, selective mGluR7 agonists or positive allosteric modulators may have the potential to treat psychostimulant dependence.
Therapy of pancreatic cancer via an EphA2 receptor-targeted delivery of gemcitabine (2016)

First line treatment for pancreatic cancer consists of surgical resection, if possible, and a subsequent course of chemotherapy using the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine. In some patients, an active transport mechanism allows gemcitabine to enter efficiently into the tumor cells, resulting in a significant clinical benefit. However, in most patients, low expression of gemcitabine transporters limits the efficacy of the drug to marginal levels, and patients need frequent administration of the drug at high doses, significantly increasing systemic drug toxicity. In this article we focus on a novel targeted delivery approach for gemcitabine consisting of conjugating the drug with an EphA2 targeting agent. We show that the EphA2 receptor is highly expressed in pancreatic cancers, and accordingly, the drug-conjugate is more effective than gemcitabine alone in targeting pancreatic tumors. Our preliminary observations suggest that this approach may provide a general benefit to pancreatic cancer patients and offers a comprehensive strategy for enhancing delivery of diverse therapeutic agents to a wide range of cancers overexpressing EphA2, thereby potentially reducing toxicity while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Reprogramming Postnatal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Toward Functional Neural Crest Fates (2017)

During development, neural crest (NC) cells are induced by signaling events at the neural plate border of all vertebrate embryos. Initially arising within the central nervous system, NC cells subsequently undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to migrate into the periphery, where they differentiate into diverse cell types. Here we provide evidence that postnatal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC), in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 signals, can be reprogrammed toward a NC fate. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses show that keratinocyte-derived NC cells are similar to those derived from human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, they give rise in vitro and in vivo to NC derivatives such as peripheral neurons, melanocytes, Schwann cells and mesenchymal cells (osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells). By demonstrating that human keratin-14+ KC can form NC cells, even from clones of single cells, our results have important implications in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:1402-1415.
Quantitative group testing-based overlapping pool sequencing to identify rare variant carriers (2014)

Using the number of reads, variant carriers could be identified precisely even though samples were randomly selected and pooled. Our method performed better than the published DNA Sudoku design and compressed sequencing, especially in reducing the required data throughput and cost.
Astrocytic metabolic switch is a novel etiology for Cocaine and HIV-1 Tat-mediated neurotoxicity (2018)

Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) dynamics and oxidative signaling control mitochondrial bioenergetics in the central nervous system, where astrocytes are a major energy source for neurons. Cocaine use exacerbates HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, but little is known about disruptions in astrocyte metabolism in this context. Our data show that the HIV protein Tat and cocaine induce a metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation in astrocytes, thereby limiting lactate transport to neurons. Mechanistic analyses revealed increased Mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> Uniporter (MCU)-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake in astrocytes exposed to Tat and cocaine due to oxidation of MCU. Since our data suggest that mitochondrial oxidation is dependent in part on MCU-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake, we targeted MCU to restore glycolysis in astrocytes to normalize extracellular lactate levels. Knocking down MCU in astrocytes prior to Tat and cocaine exposure prevented metabolic switching and protected neurons. These findings identify a novel molecular mechanism underlying neuropathogenesis in HIV and cocaine use.
SU‐E‐T‐570: New Quality Assurance Method Using Motion Tracking for 6D Robotic Couches (2015)

Purpose: To accommodate geometrically accurate patient positioning, a robotic couch that is capable of 6‐degrees of freedom has been introduced. However, conventional couch QA methods are not sufficient to enable the necessary accuracy of tests. Therefore, we have developed a camera based motion detection and geometry calibration system for couch QA. Methods: Employing a Visual‐Tracking System (VTS, BonitaB10, Vicon, UK) which tracks infrared reflective(IR) markers, camera calibration was conducted using a 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.7 cm 3 cube attached with IR markers at each corner. After positioning a robotic‐couch at the origin with the cube on the table top, 3D coordinates of the cube's eight corners were acquired by VTS in the VTS coordinate system. Next, positions in reference coordinates (roomcoordinates) were assigned using the known relation between each point. Finally, camera calibration was completed by finding a transformation matrix between VTS and reference coordinate systems and by applying a pseudo inverse matrix method. After the calibration, the accuracy of linear and rotational motions as well as couch sagging could be measured by analyzing the continuously acquired data of the cube while the couch moves to a designated position. Accuracy of the developed software was verified through comparison with measurement data when using a Laser tracker (FARO, Lake Mary, USA) for a robotic‐couch installed for proton therapy. Results: VTS system could track couch motion accurately and measured position in room‐coordinates. The VTS measurements and Laser tracker data agreed within 1% of difference for linear and rotational motions. Also because the program analyzes motion in 3‐Dimension, it can compute couch sagging. Conclusion: Developed QA system provides submillimeter/ degree accuracy which fulfills the high‐end couch QA. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning. (2013M2A2A7043507 and 2012M3A9B6055201)
Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and (-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene by rat liver nuclei and microsomes. (1978)

The metabolism of benzo( a )pyrene and (-)- trans -7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo( a )pyrene was examined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Liver nuclei or microsomes from control, 3-methylcholanthrene-treated, or phenobarbital-treated rats were used. An improved method of separating the metabolites is described. Upon treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, metabolism of benzo( a )pyrene was enhanced 4- and 9-fold in microsomes and nuclei, respectively. No enhancement was observed with phenobarbital treatment. The pattern of metabolites obtained with nuclei was similar to that of the corresponding microsomes, although quantitatively reduced. Nuclei and microsomes also metabolized (-)- trans -7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo( a )pyrene to 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides and again the metabolic pattern was similar. Each of the nuclear samples produced less diol-epoxides than did the corresponding microsomes. Treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene caused an 8-fold increase in r -7, t -8-dihydroxy- t -9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo( a )pyrene (diol-epoxide I) formation with microsomes but only a 2-fold increase with nuclei. Inducible, r -7, t -8-dihydroxy- c -9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo( a )pyrene (diol-epoxide II) formation was also detected. Phenobarbital treatment did not greatly increase diol-epoxide formation. Since both the microsomes and the nuclei can produce diolepoxides, both organelles may be considered as potentially important sites of carcinogen activation.
Pattern Transfer Printing (PTPTM) for c-Si Solar Cell Metallization (2015)

Pattern Transfer Printing (PTPTM) is a patented novel non-contact printing technology developed and commercialized by Utilight for advanced front side metallization of c-Si PV solar cells. As PTPTM is based on laser induced deposition from a polymer substrate, the geometry of the printed features is not restricted by the characteristics of a printing screen, allowing for much finer, higher and uniform fingers. We present the results achieved by printing the front side finger lines and bus bars of mono- and multi-crystalline solar cells with PTPTM technology and compare these with results of neighboring cells manufactured by state-of-the-art screen printing technology. Finger lines with high aspect ratio and uniform line shape down to 20 μm width could be printed. Solar cells with 29 μm wide double printed PTP finger lines show an efficiency increase of up to 0.4%abs.
Learning to ask the right questions to help a learner learn (2011)

Intelligent systems require substantial bodies of problem-solving knowledge. Machine learning techniques hold much appeal for acquiring such knowledge but typically require extensive amounts of user-supplied training data. Alternatively, informed question asking can supplement machine learning by directly eliciting critical knowledge from a user. Question asking can reduce the amount of training data required, and hence the burden on the user; furthermore, focused question asking holds significant promise for faster and more accurate acquisition of knowledge. In previous work, we developed static strategies for question asking that provide background knowledge for a base learner, enabling the learner to make useful generalizations even with few training examples. Here, we extend that work with a learning approach for automatically acquiring question-asking strategies that better accommodate the interdependent nature of questions. We present experiments validating the approach and showing its usefulness for acquiring efficient, context-dependent question-asking strategies.
Characteristics of Flow Boiling Oscillations in Silicon Microchannel Heat Sinks (2007)

Flow boiling oscillation characteristics in two silicon microchannel heat sink configurations are presented. One is a standard heat sink with 45 straight parallel channels, whereas the second is similar except with cross-linked paths at three locations. Data are presented over a flow range of 20–50ml∕min(91–228kg∕(m2s)) using distilled water as the working fluid. The heat sinks have a footprint area of 3.5cm2 and contain 269μm wide by 283μm deep reactive ion etching channels. Flow oscillations are found to be similar in characteristic trends between the two configurations, showing a decreasing frequency with increasing heat flux. The oscillation amplitudes are relatively large and identical in frequency for the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, inlet pressure, and pressure drop. Oscillation properties for the standard heat sink at two different inlet temperatures and various flow rates are correlated for different heat fluxes. This work additionally presents a first glimpse of the cross-linked heat sink performance under flow boiling instability conditions.
Formulation Dependent Pharmacokinetics–Does the Dosage Form Matter for Nifedipine? (2004)

This was an open-label, randomized, 3-way crossover study that compared in 25 healthy male subjects, the pharmacokinetics of a single 60-mg dose of nifedipine GITS tablet versus (1) 20-mg doses of nifedipine prolonged action tablets given q12h for a total of two doses and (2) 2 x 10 mg doses of nifedipine capsules given q8h for a total of three doses. Following capsule administration, there was a rapid rise in plasma concentration of drug achieving a peak concentration of 196(35) ng/mL (mean and coefficient of variation) within 0.7 (105) hours and an AUC(infinity) of 973(39) ng.hr/mL. After nifedipine PA there was also a rapid rise in plasma concentration of drug achieving a Cmax of 85.5 (36) ng/mL with a tmax of 1.7(58) hours and an AUC(infinity) of 879(46) ng.hr/mL. For the nifedipine GITS formulation, there was a lag in the plasma concentration time profile for approximately 2 to 3 hours, then it rose gradually achieving a Cmax of of 686(54) 30.5(63) ng/mL with a tmax of 15.0(50) hours and an AUC(infinity) ng.hr/mL. The AUC(infinity) and Cmax were significantly (P = 0.0001) greater in the capsule and PA formulations than for the GITS; however, the tmax for the GITS formulation was significantly (P = 0.001) longer than for the other formulations. This study suggests marked formulation-dependent pharmacokinetics, which may have important clinical implications.