gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction methods of the reconstruction error for large-scale implementation of near-field acoustical holography (2001)

New extrapolation methods in real and wave number spaces are proposed to extend near-field acoustical holography (NAH) toward a more quantitative technique applicable to the vibration measurement of actual large-scale structures. The finiteness of the measurement aperture is a serious impediment to such large-scale implementation of NAH because the measurement aperture sufficiently larger than the vibrating structure of interest is usually needed. We should thus investigate how to reduce the reconstruction error when the measurement aperture is restricted to a fraction of the vibrating structure. The following practical suggestions are derived from simulations and underwater experiments: (1) A wave number-space extrapolation method can reduce the reconstruction error to about 25% for the measurement aperture corresponding to 1/16th of the vibrating structure when 10,000 iterations of the extrapolation process are applied. (2) A real-space extrapolation method can reduce the reconstruction error to negligible degree (10(-10)%) for the measurement aperture corresponding to four times as large as the vibration structure when ten iterations of the extrapolation process are applied. (3) The former method may be widely and safely applied, but many iterations are necessary; the latter method can reduce the reconstruction error very quickly, but a wider measurement aperture than that in the former is needed. Therefore, when the measurement aperture cannot be larger than the vibrating structure, the former method is recommended, while when the measurement aperture is larger than the structure, the latter method is recommended. Summing up, the accuracy of our proposed methods, which is attributed to the property of data extrapolation method that the data inside the measurement aperture is conserved after adequately extrapolating the data outside the aperture, will be relevant to a more quantitative measurement and analysis of real large-scale structures.
An updated point design for heavy ion fusion (2002)

Author(s): Yu, S.S.; Meier, W.R.; Abbott, R.P.; Barnard, J.J.; Brown, T.; Callahan, D.A.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Latkowski, J.F.; Logan, B.G.; Pemberton, S.J.; Peterson, P.F.; Rose, D.V.; Sabbi, G.-L.; Sharp, W.M.; Welch, D.R.
Re-entrant groove heat pipe (1977)

This paper describes theoretical and experimentally verified heat pipe characteristics of an axially grooved aluminum extrusion with a re-entrant groove profile. The extrusion is 13 mm diameter with 20 axial grooves, each groove consisting of a nominal .8 mm diameter channel with a .2 mm wide passageway connecting the channel to the hollow core. A computer program was written to compute the zero gravity heat transport capability of the extrusion. A heat pipe was fabricated and its performance characteristics measured. The characteristics of the pipe with ammonia at 20 C are: zero gravity pumping limit 143 w-meters; static wicking height 21.5 mm; evaporator and condenser coefficients 7300 and 20,500 watt/sq m C, respectively.
Online Closed-Loop Autotuning Digital Controller for Switching Power Converters (2012)

A switching power-converter closed-loop online autotuning controller is presented in this paper. The presented controller is based on tuning the closed-loop-compensator parameters by simply observing the compensated-error-signal time-domain characteristics. Moreover, the presented online autotuning controller does not require the knowledge of the power-stage frequency response, does not depend on any conventional rule-of-thumb control-design criteria such as gain and phase margins, can be used without interrupting the normal operation of the power converter, and is relatively simple when compared to other methods particularly those that require measuring the frequency response of the power stage or closed-loop converter system. The online autotuning controller is presented in this paper based on a dc–dc buck switching converter with a fully digital closed-loop controller, as an example and not for limitation.
A multitude of genes expressed solely in meiotic or postmeiotic spermatogenic cells offers a myriad of contraceptive targets (2003)

Understanding mammalian spermatozoan development and the events surrounding fertilization has grown slowly, in part because of uncertainty about the number and identity of the cellular components involved. Determination of those transcripts expressed specifically by germ cells should provide an inclusive list of probable critical proteins. Here, total mouse testis transcript profiles were trimmed of transcripts found in cultures enriched in Sertoli or interstitial cells to yield a germ cell-enriched transcript profile. Monitoring of changes of this profile in the developing testis identified 1,652 genes whose transcript abundance increased markedly coincident with the onset of meiosis. Remarkably, 351 of these genes (approximately equal to 20%) appear to be expressed only in the male germline. Germ cell-specific transcripts are much less common earlier in testis development. Further analysis of the UniGene EST database coupled with quantitative PCR indicates that approximately 4% of the mouse genome is dedicated to expression in postmeiotic male germ cells. Most or many of the protein products of these transcripts are probably retained in mature spermatozoa. Targeted disruption of 19 of these genes has indicated that a majority have roles critical for normal fertility. Thus, we find an astonishing number of genes expressed specifically by male germ cells late in development. This extensive group provides a plethora of potential targets for germ cell-directed contraception and a staggering number of candidate proteins that could be critical for fertilization.
Highly chemoselective allylation of carbonyl compounds with tetraallyltin in acidic aqueous media (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly chemoselective allylation of carbonyl compounds with tetraallyltin in acidic aqueous mediaAkira Yanagisawa, Hirokuni Inoue, Miwa Morodome, and Hisashi YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10356–10357Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
E<scp>STABLISHMENT OF</scp> B<scp>IOTROPHY BY</scp> P<scp>ARASITIC</scp> F<scp>UNGI AND</scp> R<scp>EPROGRAMMING OF</scp> H<scp>OST</scp> C<scp>ELLS FOR</scp> D<scp>ISEASE</scp> R<scp>ESISTANCE</scp> (2003)

Parasitic biotrophs such as mildews and rusts evolved specific mechanisms that keep host cells alive during infection. These fungi appear to absorb nutrients mainly by proton-symport-driven transporter proteins that reside in specialized feeding structures. Accumulating evidence suggests that biotrophic fungi both suppress induction of plant defense responses in physical proximity to infection sites and induce specific host genes for the establishment of biotrophy. The peculiarities of biotrophic pathogenesis likely reflect diverse types of plant disease-resistance responses. The cloning of race-specific resistance genes to powdery mildew infection and of genes required for their function provides first insights into molecular mechanisms enabling the host to recognize mildew effector components and suggests candidate mechanisms of resistance signaling. Resistance to powdery mildew fungi that result from mutations in host genes promises to shed light on mechanisms that are required for the establishment of disease susceptibility.
Investigating Test-Taking Behaviors Using Timing and Process Data (2015)

The use of computer-based assessments makes the collection of detailed data that capture examinees’ progress in the tests and time spent on individual actions possible. This article presents a study using process and timing data to aid understanding of an international language assessment and the examinees. Issues regarding test-taking strategies, test speededness, test design, and their relationship to examinees’ demographic backgrounds and performance are also discussed.
Gene delivery using a receptor-mediated gene transfer system targeted to hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2001)

For gene therapy to be effective in cancers, it is necessary to deliver therapeutic genes into cells with high specificity and efficiency. In this study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo gene delivery efficiency of a new, growth receptor-mediated gene transfer system in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The effects of transfection of wild-type p53 using this system were also studied. The system consisted of a ligand oligopeptide for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recognition, a polypeptide for DNA binding, and an endosome-releasing oligopeptide for endosomolysis. Two human HCC cell lines and a normal liver cell line were used, and pCMV-beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was used as a reporter gene. Both HCC cell lines had strong expression of EGFR and the in vitro transfer efficiency peaked at day 5 at about 50%. This finding was in contrast to the normal liver cell line, which had weak EGFR expression and less than 1% transfer efficiency throughout. For in vivo gene transfer in tumors produced by inoculating HCC cells in nude mice and with the vector-beta-gal gene complex injected peritumorally, beta-gal expression was detected within the tumors at 12 hr, peaked at day 5 involving about 50% of the tumor cells and persisted at 2 weeks. Using this vector system, transfection of wild-type p53 into Huh-7 cells that had mutated p53 resulted in significant growth inhibition of cancer cells accompanied by a decreased G2/M phase and increased p53 protein. In conclusion, this receptor-mediated gene transfer system appears to work specifically in HCC cells with high efficiency, and may be promising in delivering apoptotic and other genes into HCC cells.
Beyond trace reconstruction: Population recovery from the deletion channel (2019)

A number of recent works have considered the trace reconstruction problem, in which an unknown source string x in {0,1}^n is transmitted through a probabilistic channel which may randomly delete coordinates or insert random bits, resulting in a trace of x. The goal is to reconstruct the original string x from independent traces of x. While the asymptotically best algorithms known for worst-case strings use exp(O(n^{1/3})) traces [De et al., 2017; Fedor Nazarov and Yuval Peres, 2017], several highly efficient algorithms are known [Yuval Peres and Alex Zhai, 2017; Nina Holden et al., 2018] for the average-case version of the problem, in which the source string x is chosen uniformly at random from {0,1}^n. In this paper we consider a generalization of the above-described average-case trace reconstruction problem, which we call average-case population recovery in the presence of insertions and deletions. In this problem, rather than a single unknown source string there is an unknown distribution over s unknown source strings x^1,...,x^s in {0,1}^n, and each sample given to the algorithm is independently generated by drawing some x^i from this distribution and returning an independent trace of x^i. Building on the results of [Yuval Peres and Alex Zhai, 2017] and [Nina Holden et al., 2018], we give an efficient algorithm for the average-case population recovery problem in the presence of insertions and deletions. For any support size 1 <= s <= exp(Theta(n^{1/3})), for a 1-o(1) fraction of all s-element support sets {x^1,...,x^s} subset {0,1}^n, for every distribution D supported on {x^1,...,x^s}, our algorithm can efficiently recover D up to total variation distance at most epsilon with high probability, given access to independent traces of independent draws from D. The running time of our algorithm is poly(n,s,1/epsilon) and its sample complexity is poly (s,1/epsilon,exp(log^{1/3} n)). This polynomial dependence on the support size s is in sharp contrast with the worst-case version of the problem (when x^1,...,x^s may be any strings in {0,1}^n), in which the sample complexity of the most efficient known algorithm [Frank Ban et al., 2019] is doubly exponential in s.
Las nuevas tecnologías en las relaciones laborales: análisis de la STC 241/2012 de 17 diciembre (2014)

Los trabajadores pasan gran parte de su tiempo en la empresa utilizando, muchas veces, las herramientas informaticas que les brinda el empleador, para realizar actividades con fines particulares. Ello genera una serie de problemas juridicos de importante envergadura, sobre todo cuando no existe una regulacion expresa que disponga cual debe ser la conducta de los trabajadores al respecto. El deber de buena fe, que obliga tanto a trabajadores como a empresarios, y su ajuste a las caracteristicas propias de la relacion laboral adquiere, en estos casos, un matiz de singular importancia. Este articulo se avocara por entero a esbozar el desarrollo de la doctrina jurisprudencial sobre el uso del ordenador en la empresa para luego proceder al analisis de la ultima sentencia sobre esta materia emitida por el Tribunal Constitucional: STC 241/ 2012 de 17 de diciembre.
InAlAs/InGaAs HBT exponentially graded base doping and graded InGaAlAs emitter-base junction (2003)

The authors report high-performance InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with base doping graded exponentially from 5*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ at the collector junction to 5*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ at the emitter junction. The built-in field reduces the base transit time and results in 20% and 30% improvement in cutoff frequency f/sub t/ and maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/, respectively, compared to devices with uniformly doped base. For 1- mu m emitter devices, f/sub t/ of 65 GHz and f/sub max/ of 120 GHz were obtained. A graded InGaAlAs emitter-base junction is also incorporated which results in lower V/sub be/ and higher beta compared to abrupt junction devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FT-IR Emission Spectroscopy and its Applications (1993)

The practical aspects of infrared emission spectroscopy are reviewed briefly, with emphasis on recent developments and on special problems encountered in measurements of adsorbed species on opaque substrates. A few examples are given for cases when the species of interest give rise to inverted emission bands on the background of substrate emission. The feasibility of recording IR emission spectra of adsorbates on metal powders is demonstrated.
Lipid, sterol and fatty acid composition of antarctic krill (<i>Euphausia superba</i> Dana) (1984)

Abstract The lipid classes, fatty acids of total and individual lipids and sterols of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba Dana) from two areas of the Antarctic Ocean were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). Basic differences in the lipid composition of krill from the Scotia Sea (caught in Dec. 1977) and krill from the Gerlache Strait (caught in Mar. 1981) were not observed. The main lipid classes found were: phosphatidylcholine (PC) (33–36%), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (5–6%), triacylglycerol (TG) (33–40%), free fatty acids (FFA) (8–16%) and sterols (1.4–1.7%). Wax esters and sterol esters were present only in traces. More than 50 fatty acids could be identified using GLC/MS, the major ones being 14∶0, 16∶0, 16∶1(n−7), 18∶1(n−9), 18∶1(n−7), 20∶5(n−3) and 22∶6(n−3). Phytanic acid was found in a concentration of 3% of total fatty acids. Short, medium‐chain and hydroxy fatty acids (C≤10) were not detectable. The sterol fraction consisted of cholesterol, desmosterol and 22‐dehydrocholesterol.
Comparison of three methods for rapid determination of threshold contrast sensitivity. (1983)

Threshold contrast sensitivity functions for 13 subjects were determined on 5 consecutive days using three psychophysical methods. Each method was implemented on a microprocessor controlled display system and considered as a possible candidate for a rapid visual screening test. The methods used were Bekesy tracking, method of adjustment, and method of increasing contrast. The method of increasing contrast proved superior to the other methods in repeatability, speed, and the preservation of individual differences in contrast sensitivity over the testing period.
Sestrin 2 Is Not a Reductase for Cysteine Sulfinic Acid of Peroxiredoxins (2008)

The active-site cysteine of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a subgroup of the Prx family, is reversibly hyperoxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis with concomitant loss of peroxidase activity. The reduction of sulfinic 2-Cys Prx enzymes, the first known biologic of such a reaction, has been reported to be catalyzed by either sulfiredoxin (Srx) or sestrin (Sesn) 2. The 13-kDa Srx and 60-kDa Sesn 2 show no sequence similarity, however. Whereas the reductase function of Srx has been confirmed by several studies, such is not the case for Sesn 2. We have now shown that (a) recombinant Sesn 2 did not catalyze the reduction of sulfinic Prx I in vitro, whereas Srx did; (b) overexpression of Sesn 2 in HeLa or A549 cells did not affect the reduction of 2-Cys Prxs, whereas overexpression of Srx markedly increased the reduction rate; and (c) the rate of sulfinic 2-Cys Prx reduction in embryonic fibroblasts derived from Sesn 2-knockout mice did not differ from that in those derived from wild-type mice. These results suggest that, unlike Srx, Sesn 2 is not a sulfinic Prx reductase.
Delivery of Chemotherapeutics Using Spheres Made of Bioengineered Spider Silks Derived From MaSp1 and MaSp2 Proteins (2018)

Aim: Analysis of the properties and chemotherapeutics delivery potential of spheres made of bioengineered spider silks MS1 and MS2. Materials & methods: MS1 and MS2 derived from Nephila clavipes dragline silks – MaSp1 and MaSp2, respectively – formed spheres that were compared in terms of physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and loading/release of chemotherapeutics. Results: MS2 spheres were more dispersed, smaller, of solid core, of higher beta-sheet structure content, and of opposite (negative) charge than MS1 spheres. Preloaded MS2 showed greater applicability for mitoxantrone, while postloaded for etoposide delivery compared with MS1 spheres. However, MS1 spheres were a better choice for doxorubicin delivery than MS2. Conclusion: Bioengineered silks can be tailored to develop a system with optimal drug loading and release properties.
Iridoids from <i>Scrophularia buergeriana</i> attenuate glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical cultures (2003)

In previous work, we isolated 7 neuroprotective iridoid glycosides from the 90% MeOH fraction of Scrophularia buergeriana (Scrophulariaceae). We therefore investigated the mode of action of 8-O-E-p-methoxycinnamoyl-harpagide (8-MCA-Harp), the most potent neuroprotective iridoid, and its aglycone, harpagide (Harp) using primary cultures of rat cortical cells in vitro. 8-MCA-Harp only revealed its neuroprotective activity in a pretreatment paradigm; this iridoid had more selectivity in protecting neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity as opposed to that induced by kainic acid (KA). On the other hand, Harp exerted significant neuroprotective activity when it was administered either before or after glutamate insult and protected cultured neuronal cells from neurotoxicity induced by NMDA or KA. Furthermore, Harp significantly prevented the decrease of glutathione, an antioxidative compound in the brain, in our cultures. Finally, 8-MCA-Harp and Harp could successfully reduce the overproduction of nitric oxide and the level of cellular peroxide in cultured neurons. Collectively, these results suggested that Harp and 8-MCA-Harp protected primary cultured neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress primarily by acting on the antioxidative defense system and on glutamatergic receptors, respectively.
The photochemistry of substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ones. Chair-chair conformational inversion of biradical intermediates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe photochemistry of substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ones. Chair-chair conformational inversion of biradical intermediatesWilliam C. Agosta and Steven WolffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 14, 4182–4188Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00430a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00430a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthetic studies on cell-surface glycans. Part 47 Stereocontrolled synthesis of an octasaccharide part of I-active glycolipids. (1986)

In the preceding paper1} we described a synthesis of protected lactosamine'(l), which is expected to be a usuful synthetic block for I antigen-type branched glycoconjugates. As part of our efforts toward the synthesis of cell surface glycosphingolipids, we report here an approach to the synthesis of the octasaccharide (2), a common glycan chain of I-active glycolipids, using 1 as a synthetic block corresponding to a core disaccharide (d->c).
Building volumetric appearance models of fabric using micro CT imaging (2011)

The appearance of complex, thick materials like textiles is determined by their 3D structure, and they are incompletely described by surface reflection models alone. While volume scattering can produce highly realistic images of such materials, creating the required volume density models is difficult. Procedural approaches require significant programmer effort and intuition to design specialpurpose algorithms for each material. Further, the resulting models lack the visual complexity of real materials with their naturally-arising irregularities.