gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The intercalation compound Li(Mn0.9Co0.1)O2 as a positive electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries (1998)

By replacing only 10% of the Mn by Co in the layered lithium intercalation compound LiMnO2 the amount of lithium that can be removed and reinserted is increased by 50% corresponding to an increase in the ability to store charge from 130 to 200 mA h g–1 at 100 µ A cm–2 and rendering this low cost/toxicity material of potential interest as a positive electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries; furthermore the cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion due to localised high spin Mn3+(3d4) in LiMnO2 appears to be suppressed for Lix(Mn0.9Co0.1)O2; x<0.9 (80% Mn3+ assuming Co3+).
Optical properties of carbon nanotubes (1998)

Using the extended Hubbard model and sum-over-state method, we have calculated the linear polarizability $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the third-order nonlinear polarizability $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for carbon nanotubes with finite lengths. We find that the chiral symmetry of nanotubes with finite length has a great effect on their optical properties. For example, the finite length $(n,m)$ tubes with $n\ensuremath{-}m$ being not a multiple of 3, will have smaller $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and much smaller $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ values than other finite length tubes.
Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Abatement of Environmental Pollutants (2008)

Environmental applications often require usage of considerable quantities of treatment reagents and/or amendments for the remediation of huge volumes of contaminated water and soil. The nanoparticles discussed in the contribution are zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles and exhibit a typical core-shell structure as illustrated. The iron nanoparticles are colloidal in nature and exhibit a strong tendency to aggregate as well as adhere to the surfaces of natural materials such soil and sediment. The transport, distribution and fate of nanoparticles in the environment also depend on the surface properties. However, it is often not practical to define an average or typical iron nanoparticle because ZVI nanoparticles produced with different methods may exhibit widely varying properties. A substantial portion of the peer-reviewed nZVI literature has been limited to the degradation of various organic contaminants such as chlorinated organic solvents, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic dyes.
Subword-level Word Vector Representations for Korean (2018)

Research on distributed word representations is focused on widely-used languages such as English. Although the same methods can be used for other languages, language-specific knowledge can enhance the accuracy and richness of word vector representations. In this paper, we look at improving distributed word representations for Korean using knowledge about the unique linguistic structure of Korean. Specifically, we decompose Korean words into the jamo level, beyond the characterlevel, allowing a systematic use of subword information. To evaluate the vectors, we develop Korean test sets for word similarity and analogy and make them publicly available. The results show that our simple method outperforms word2vec and character-level Skip-Grams on semantic and syntactic similarity and analogy tasks and contributes positively toward downstream NLP tasks such as sentiment analysis.
Escolas Paroquiais Metodistas (1996)

As escolas paroquiais desempenharam um papel importante na observância religiosa e programas sociais. Embora eles nao foram devidamente contempladas em inqueritos estatisticos, eles cresceram substancialmente a partir dos anos de 1920 em diante, especialmente apos a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Estas escolas foram as margens da rede publica de ensino e representou uma iniciativa importante em face da ineficiencia do governo na educacao basica.
Monofluoromethanesulfonanilides. New series of bronchodilators (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonofluoromethanesulfonanilides. New series of bronchodilatorsE. H. Banitt, W. E. Coyne, K. T. McGurran, and J. E. RobertsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 1, 116–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00247a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00247a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Urinary polyamines in cancer patients. (1971)

Summary Patients with histologically diagnosed tumors and leukemias have an average 24-hr excretion value for polyamines that is severalfold greater than that detectable in “normals”. In leukemias, the excretion level declines when the patients are in remission. After surgery for the removal of a portion of a solid tumor mass, polyamine levels in the urine decreased to near normal in all cases. It is possible, therefore, that polyamine excretion levels could serve as (a) a tool to monitor cancer and (b) a test that could lead to an early detection of cancer.
Evaluation of renal protective effects of the green-tea (EGCG) and red grape resveratrol: role of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines (2011)

Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol (RSVL) are two of the most promising natural medicines. We verified their capacity to ameliorate cisplatin (CP)-induced disruption of renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rats, and sought the mediatory involvement of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]-level) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) therein. CP (10 mg kg⁻¹), a single i.p. dose, disrupted GFR (11-fold-rise in proteinuria, 2-5-fold rise in serum creatinine/urea levels) after 7 days, and killed all animals after 10 days. Kidney-homogenates from CP-treated rats displayed higher MDA and TNF-α, but lower reduced-glutathione (GSH) levels. Rats treated with EGCG (50 mg kg⁻¹, but not 25 mg kg⁻¹) had no fatalities and showed significantly-recovered GFR; while their kidney-homogenates had markedly reduced MDA, TNF-α and enhanced GSH levels at 7 days. Conversely, RSVL or quercetin (25, 50 mg kg⁻¹) neither improved GFR nor reduced (MDA)/TNF-α levels after 7 days. Resuming treatment with 50 mg kg⁻¹ for 10 days rescued only 25% of animals (p > 0.05). Correlation studies showed a significant association between creatinine level, and each of MDA (r = 0.91), GSH (r = -0.87), and TNF-α (0.91). The study showed for the first time that EGCG, unlike RSVL, can protect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. At the molecular level, CP triggers a high level of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, events that were all abrogated with EGCG; better than RSVL or quercetin.
Biomass Characterization of Morphological Portions of Alamo Switchgrass (2011)

Comparative studies between the leaf and internode portions of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., were performed by compositional analysis and structural determination. GC-MS, ICP, and HPAEC-PAD were employed to analyze the chemical compositions of the fractionated switchgrass samples. Quantitative (13)C NMR and CP/MAS (13)C NMR techniques were employed to determine the structures of lignin and cellulose, respectively. These results indicated that the leaves and internodes differed chemically in the amounts of inorganic elements, hot-water extractives, benzene/ethanol extractives, carbohydrates, and lignin content. However, the ultrastructure of isolated cellulose was comparable between leaves and internodes. Ball-milled lignins isolated from leaves and internodes were found to have H/G/S ratios of 12.4/53.9/33.7 and 8.6/54.8/36.6, respectively.
Chromosome Mapping and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Loci in Wheat (2001)

The cytosolic isoform of plant acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a multidomain enzyme involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids and in secondary metabolism. Chromosome mapping of wheat identified one locus containing cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes (Acc-2) and a related partially processed pseudogene (Psi-Acc-2) in the distal region of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes. Multiple copies of the Acc-2 genes, whose presence was suggested by sequence analysis, are likely to be arranged in tandem repeats. At least three out of five genes cloned from hexaploid wheat map to this locus. Another locus containing Acc-2--related sequences is present in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 5D. The identity of the hybridizing DNA present at this locus remains unknown. A system based on PCR-cloning and DNA sequence analysis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes was developed to address various phylogenetic and systematics questions in grasses. It was applied to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Acc-2 genes from D- and S-genome Aegilops and A-genome Triticum diploid species, AABB- and AAGG-genome tetraploid wheat, and AABBDD-genome hexaploid wheat, as well as from rye and barley. The combined cytogenetic and molecular evolution approach allowed assignment of gene sequences included in phylogenetic analysis to specific loci on homoeologous chromosomes. Recurring gene duplication followed by chromosome translocation and/or possible loss of some gene copies, as well as loss of introns, occurred in the gene family in different plant lineages. Two major Acc-2 clades appeared before the divergence of barley and rye. Nucleotide substitution rates in different parts of the Acc-2 gene were assessed. This analysis of the Acc-2 loci provides detailed information regarding evolutionary events at a low--copy-number locus containing important functional genes. These events are likely to be common and to play a significant role in shaping grass genomes.
A New Model for Predicting Behavioral Intentions: An Alternative to Fishbein (1980)

The Fishbein intention model often produces weak and inconsistent predictions in marketing applications. Of equal concern, high multicollinearity between independent variables is typical. A new intention model was developed and tested. Results show high stability, reliability, and predictiveness across diverse test products, with very low intercorrelations between explanatory variables.
공자의 효사상을 계승한 율곡의 효철학의 이론체계(2) (2012)

율곡(이이李珥: 1536~1584)은 출천(出天)의 효자로 어려서부터 포대기효자로 유명하였거니와 그의 일생은 효로 점철된 인간상으로 효정신이 너무나 확고하였다. 한국의 유학자들은 누구나 효를 일상으로 언급하였지만 율곡은 정립하였다고 볼 수 있는데 곧, 효학은 국교(國敎)요, 학문으로 성립하기에도 충분하다. 생각해 보면 율곡의 학문은 효학의 기초 위에 조선조의 성리학을 송대 이후로 퇴계와 함께 높은 산봉우리에 올려놓았다고 할 수 있다. 그런데 율곡사상형성과정을 보면 우리 고유의 뿌리사상인 신교로부터의 원형과 묘맥의 싹을 성장시킨 유교를 집성한 이는 단연 동이인 공자로 우리 고조선의 제후국의 제왕인 요, 순을 조술하고 주나라의 문, 무왕을 헌장하여 집성한바 이른바 육경이다. 그런데 그 중심이 인효(仁孝)이다. 이는 상고대의 환국의 ``한인오훈`` 속의 효와 무관하지 않다. 삼국시대에 되돌아온 유교는 오경 중심의 공자의 인효학이 정착되어 한국사상사에서의 효학은 그 위상이 아주 높다. 고려말에는 주자학이 전래되어 사서중심의 효교육과 주자학적 효사상은 한국인의 정신이 되었다. 그런데 율곡은 선조를 철학적 군주로 이끌기 위해 충군(忠君)의 방법으로 『성학집요』를 제진하였는데 「정가장(正家章)」에서``효경(孝敬)``을 군왕정치의 효철학으로 올렸다. 그런데 공자의 효사상을 바탕으로 자신의 효철학으로 제진하였는데 서양사상의 수용으로 인간의 바탕이 붕괴된 현대 국가의 철학부재의 정치와 뿌리 없는 교육에도 지도자의 효철학은 절대적이라 하겠다.
Intelligent controller design for electric vehicle (2004)

In some electric vehicle the power supplied by the battery is DC in nature and is inappropriate to operate a variable speed DC motor. The battery power is converted to the required regulated supply for the motor by using an electronic power converter. The exact nature and timing of the current and voltage waveforms that are fed to the motor are determined by the controller system .The motor converts the electric power into mechanical energy at the shaft, which then drives the wheels through an appropriate transmission/speed reducer system. The torque and power requirements for an electric vehicle are quite unique among variable speed drive applications. The desirable torque/power vs. speed characteristics is very important for the drive to be capable of maintaining high efficiency over broad ranges of torque and speed. It is required that motors are related to operate at certain voltage and are sensitive to fluctuations in this voltage. In an electric vehicle the voltage is dependent upon the battery's state of charge and the load current. Both these factors can alter the voltage as much as 20% and hence the motor should be capable of handling these fluctuations in supply voltage. The two methods of scaling a drive are namely the torque scaling and speed scaling required for transmission speed reduction. Speed scaling would require a transmission/speed reducer because of the change in reduction ratio. This paper is primarily aimed at developing a fault tolerant fuzzy logic controller .The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is modeled to be capable of increasing the initial torque required for the electric vehicle drive with variable speed characteristics and high efficiency. An efficient gear-changing algorithm is given with simplified block diagram.
Comparison of upper limb volume measurement techniques and arm symptoms between healthy volunteers and individuals with known lymphedema. (2007)

Lymphedema is a problem for breast cancer survivors. The proliferation of limb measurement techniques makes it difficult to know how best to measure an at-risk limb. Using a sample of healthy volunteers and individuals with lymphedema, this study: 1) examined the relationship between more commonly used circumferential limb measurement methods and newer measurement methods of infrared laser perometry and bioelectrical impedance; 2) compared self-reported arm symptoms in healthy volunteers and breast cancer survivors with known lymphedema; and 3) explored the relationships among self-reported arm symptoms and circumferential tape measurement, infrared laser (perometry), and single and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Lymphedema index ratios were calculated to allow comparison among measurement methods. Measurement methods correlated strongly with each other. Fourteen symptoms were reported by one or more participants in the lymphedema group while participants in the healthy volunteer group reported only eight symptoms over the same time frames. Using p < 0.001, all measurement methods correlated with self-reported arm swelling in the past year, while only circumferential and impedance measurements correlated with firmness. Future research needs to include serial arm measurements to explore arm volume variation in healthy and lymphedema volunteers and to further investigate possible lymphedema index ratios cut points as lymphedema diagnostic criteria.
Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV-1 in Seronegative Volunteers Immunized With Recombinant gp 120 From the MN Strain of HIV-1 (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the MN strain of recombinant gp 120 (MN rgp 120) as a vaccine prototype to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). <h3>Design.</h3> —Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with subjects vaccinated at 0, 4, 24, and 48 weeks and followed up through 64 weeks. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Units in St Louis, Mo, Nashville, Tenn, and Rochester, NY, conducted the clinical study. Laboratory studies were conducted at Duke University, Raleigh, NC; data analysis was done by the Data Coordinating and Analysis Center at the EMMES Corporation, Potomac, Md. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Fifty-seven persons seronegative for HIV, at low risk for acquiring HIV infection, and 18 to 60 years of age. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —The MN rgp 120 vaccine was administered to 12 volunteers each in doses of 100 μg, 300 μg, or 600 μg, and 12 volunteers received a combination of 300 μg of MN rgp 120 vaccine and 300 μg of vaccine from rgp 120 of strain IIIB. Nine volunteers received alum adjuvant alone (control). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Safety was assessed by monitoring lymphocyte subsets, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes. Immunogenicity was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the immunogen and synthetic peptide corresponding to the variable region 3 domain of gp 120. Functional antibody assays included CD4 binding blocking; antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity; and neutralization of homologous and heterologous HIV strains. <h3>Results.</h3> —No severe adverse reactions occurred. In 33 of 48 volunteers, tw doses of vaccine induced antibodies that neutralized the homologous strain HIV-1/MN. Three doses of vaccine induced antibodies that neutralized MN (in 46 of 48 volunteers), SF-2 (in 45 of 48 volunteers), or IIIB strains of HIV-1 (in 30 of 48 volunteers). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The vaccines were safe and immunogenic. Multiple injections of vaccine broadened and increased the neutralizing antibody response. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:475-480)
Microstructure of laterally oxidized AlxGa1−xAs layers in vertical-cavity lasers (1996)

We have studied the lateral oxidation of AlxGa1−xAs (x=0.98 and 0.92) layers contained in vertical-cavity lasers using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. We find a fine-grained (∼4 nm) cubic spinel phase of Al2O3 in both the 2% Ga- and 8% Ga-oxidized layers. The 8% Ga-oxidized layers contract vertically by 6.7% and not the expected 20% for a fully dense Al2O3 layer, with the 2% Ga-oxidized layers showing a similar contraction. We observe a ∼17-nm-thick amorphous interface between the oxidized and unoxidized AlxGa1−xAs layers, which may account for the excellent electrical properties of these devices. We also observe metastable amorphous cavities associated with the moving reaction front. We infer the reaction proceeds from an initial amorphous phase that then transforms to a porous γ-Al 2O3 layer.
Coping with stress (2009)

Many illnesses and infections are exacerbated and/or caused by biofilms. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, is frequently asymptomatic in women, which can lead to persistent infection. Persistent infection can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscesses, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. N. gonorrhoeae has been shown to form biofilms over glass, primary and immortalized cervical cells, and during natural cervical infection. Asymptomatic infection occurs in only 1% of infected males, and the infection site is subject to periodic rapid fluid flow, which may limit biofilm formation. Thus, biofilm formation may specifically play an important role in the infection of women and could contribute to the infrequent occurrence of symptoms. Prior to work presented in this dissertation, little was known about biofilm formation by N. gonorrhoeae. Therefore, we elected to compare the transcriptional profiles of biofilms to their planktonic counterparts, and to identify genetic pathways involved in biofilm formation and maintenance. We found that 3.8% of the genome was differentially regulated, and that genes involved in anaerobic metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance were up-regulated in biofilm, while genes involved in aerobic metabolism were down-regulated. We determined that expression of aniA, ccp, and norB is required for robust biofilm formation over glass and human cervical cells, and anaerobic respiration occurs in the substratum of gonococcal biofilms. Disruption of the norB gene resulted in severe attenuation of biofilm formation. We determined that the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the phenotype of a norB mutant and can retard biofilm formation when present at sublethal concentrations. However, higher concentrations of NO can enhance biofilm formation in the absence of nitrite. NO enhances biofilm formation in an aniA mutant, but cannot completely restore
[The clinical effectiveness of rosehip powder in patients with osteoarthritis. A systematic review]. (2007)

In both studies rosehip powder had a moderate effect in patients with osteoarthritis.
Recombinant antigens for specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of Latin American tegumentary leishmaniasis (1997)

The diagnostic potential of recombinant leishmanial antigens for Latin American tegumentary leishmaniasis (LATL) was examined. Two Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana recombinant proteins, T26-U2 and T26-U4, were assessed by their reactivity to detect specific anti-leishmanial antibodies. Seventy-eight individual sera from persons with LATL, 39 from those with other diseases, and 10 negative control sera were tested by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity of the test using T26-U2 plus T26-U4 was similar to that obtained with whole parasite extract (92%). However, the specificity obtained using both recombinant antigens (87%) was higher than that of the whole parasite extract (65%). All tests using recombinant proteins (T26-U2, T26-U2 plus T26-U4 or T26-U4) had a higher positive predictive value (89%, 92% and 98%, respectively) than the value obtained using total parasites (81%). Eleven Colombian sera were also tested, and the results indicated that T26-U2 plus T26-U4 could be used successfully in Peru and in other Latin American countries.
CMOS compatible thin wafer processing using temporary mechanical wafer, adhesive and laser release of thin chips/wafers for 3D integration (2010)

This paper reports a thin wafer handling technology that is compatible to CMOS processing conditions to enable 3D integration and assembly with high throughput at low cost. Using pulsed ultraviolet (UV) radiation from excimer lasers, device wafers as thin as 50μm can be released from the temporary mechanical handler wafer in less than 1min. Bonding, adhesive, debonding and post debond clean processes were demonstrated. CMOS circuit test vehicles were shown to be compatible with this temporary bonding and debonding processes.
A Novel Methodology to Feed Phased Array Antennas (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new methodology to design beam-forming networks (BFN) to feed antenna arrays is introduced. Using this methodology is feasible to reduce the complexity of the associate control of a phased array, since, an <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${\rm N}$</tex></formula> by <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\rm N}$</tex></formula> antenna array could be controlled to steer the beam using four phase shifters instead the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\rm N} ^{2}$</tex></formula> conventionally used. A prototype was designed, built and measured as proof of concept. The prototype consists on 3 by 3 Quasi-Yagi antennas fed by four input-ports. The measurements show that the main beam of an antenna array fed by this BFN can be steered to any desired direction. </para>