gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage-Aware Caching: Revisiting Caching for Heterogeneous Storage Systems (2002)

Abstract Modern storage environments are composed of a vari-ety of devices with different performance characteristics. In this paper, we explore storage-aware cachingalgorithms, in which the file buffer replacement algorithm explicitly accounts for differences in performanceacross devices. We introduce a new family of storageaware caching algorithms that partition the cache, withone partition per device. The algorithms set the partition sizes dynamically to balance work across the de-vices. Through simulation, we show that our storageaware policies perform similarly to LANDLORD, a cost-aware algorithm previously shown to perform well in Web caching environments. We also demonstrate thatpartitions can be easily incorporated into the Clock replacement algorithm, thus increasing the likelihood ofdeploying storage-aware algorithms in modern operating systems.
Optimization of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography (1999)

Due to the 'soft-field' nature of electrical capacitance tomography, it is necessary to employ an iterative approach for image reconstruction in order to obtain good-quality images. In an iterative algorithm it is important to determine the gain factor, i.e., the step length approaching the converging point, because it may either cause divergence or slow down the iterative process. Usually the step length is fixed. In this communication, a method to determine the optimal step length is derived for an iterative algorithm. The efficiency of the method has been demonstrated experimentally.
An Analysis of Remdesivir Patenting (2020)

Pharmaceutical patents are categorized into primary patents and secondary patents. Primary patents refer to compound patents, while secondary patents mainly include crystalline form patents, process patent, formulation patent and method of use patent. In the recent outbreak of COVID-19, Wuhan Institute of Virology, has applied for a new method of use patent on Remdesivir for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of the pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV. But Gilead Sciences, the inventor of Remdesivir, is the eligible holder of the compound patent of Remdesivir. In theory, the patent applied for by Wuhan Institute of Virology has utility and novelty rather than innovativeness, for which it may not be granted the method of use patent of Remdesivir. In this case, we suggest that the patent of Remdesivir be implemented through cross licensing and compulsory licensing between different patent holders.
Unified activity management (2005)

Meshing formal business processes with informal human collaborations is needed to support business activities.
Deterministic adaptive control based on Laguerre series representation (1988)

The behaviour of adaptive controllers in the presence of unmodelled dynamics, and the need for reduced a priori information have led us to abandon the usual ARMA transfer function representation for a representation by an orthonormal series. The appeal of our new approach is that it eliminates the need for assumptions about the plant order and the time delay. The plant is modelled by an orthonormal Laguerre network put in state-space form. A simple predictive control law is proposed. An explicit deterministic adaptive controller is then designed. Simulations show that it is easy to use, able to handle non-minimum phase plants, and more robust than the conventional model-based approach. Although we chose Laguerre functions, other orthonormal functions may be used. We have already tested some with success.
New gray-scale printing method using a thermal printer (1983)

A 3-level dot-pattern method (the 3-L method) has been developed in order to achieve stable and many gradational-level thermal printing with minimal loss in print resolution. This 3-L method employs dot-pattern matrices which consist of three density level dots; black (saturation density of thermal paper), gray (half-black density), and white (paper brightness) dots. The matrices are assigned to picture elements of continuous tone images according to their gradational levels. A theoretical analysis of the gradational printing characteristics was carried out on the basis of a modified Yule-Nielsen equation and an equation describing the color change of thermal paper. Using these equations, the numbers of equally spaced gradational levels were studied, and an optimum gray density for maximizing them was found. To further ensure high quality printing, optimum dot patterns were selected by the introduction of an evaluation function based on a discrete Fourier transform. The 3-L method was demonstrated to have good performance in tests with a thermal printing fixture employing a high-resolution (16 dots/mm) thermal head.
High prevalence of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (2005)

COX-2 is frequently expressed in PTC but not in benign thyroid specimens. COX-2 expression may serve as a useful molecular marker for PTC in cases of diagnostic difficulty.
Circadian rhythms of appetite at different stages of a weight loss programme. (1993)

A group of 28 healthy obese people (16 women, 12 men) rated their appetite each whole hour of the day during nine separate days at three different stages of a dietary intervention study of 24 weeks. The first stage was an introduction period of eight weeks in which subjects were weight stable. The second stage was a weight reduction period of 13 weeks in which subjects lost about 0.85 kg/week of body weight. In the third stage of three weeks subjects were weight stable again. The slimming diet, which contained predominantly sweet items, had an energy content which was 1000 kcal (4.2 MJ) below the individually estimated daily energy expenditure. The results showed that appetite for a meal increased in the first week of the weight reduction period of 13 weeks but returned to the baseline level within 4-8 weeks. Appetite for something savoury remained elevated during the entire weight reduction period, and returned to the baseline level in the stabilization period. Appetite for something sweet did not change. The circadian rhythms of the different types of appetite remained unchanged at all stages during the diet intervention programme. Different types of appetite (e.g. sweet, savoury) had different patterns over the day.
Methylation status of Wnt signaling pathway genes affects the clinical outcome of Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2008)

The clinical significance of aberrant promoter methylation of the canonical Wnt pathway antagonist genes (sFRP1, sFRP2, sFRP4, sFRP5, Wif1, Dkk3, and Hdpr1) and also putative tumor-suppressor gene Wnt5a, belonging to the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, was investigated in a large series of 75 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. At least one methylated gene was observed in cells from 66% (49/75) of patients (methylated group). Disease-free survival and overall survival at 9 years were 51 and 40%, respectively, for the unmethylated group and 3 and 2%, respectively, for the methylated group (both P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the Wnt methylation profile was an independent prognostic factor predicting disease-free survival (P = 0.007) and overall survival (P = 0.039). Abnormal DNA methylation of promoter-associated CpG islands in the Wnt signaling pathway is very common in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and potentially defines subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics.
Leveraging Nanocavity Harmonics for Control of Optical Processes in 2D Semiconductors (2015)

Optical cavities with multiple tunable resonances have the potential to provide unique electromagnetic environments at two or more distinct wavelengths--critical for control of optical processes such as nonlinear generation, entangled photon generation, or photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. Here, we show a plasmonic nanocavity based on a nanopatch antenna design that has two tunable resonant modes in the visible spectrum separated by 350 nm and with line widths of ∼60 nm. The importance of utilizing two resonances simultaneously is demonstrated by integrating monolayer MoS2, a two-dimensional semiconductor, into the colloidally synthesized nanocavities. We observe a 2000-fold enhancement in the PL intensity of MoS2--which has intrinsically low absorption and small quantum yield--at room temperature, enabled by the combination of tailored absorption enhancement at the first harmonic and PL quantum-yield enhancement at the fundamental resonance.
Human neutrophils produce high levels of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha. (1992)

Neutrophils, an abundant cell type at sites of inflammation, have the ability to produce a number of cytokines, including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In this study, we have examined the ability of human neutrophils to produce the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a 17-23-kD protein recently isolated and cloned from macrophages. Since IL-1Ra has been shown to inhibit both the in vitro and in vivo effects of IL-1, its production by large numbers of tissue-invading neutrophils might provide a mechanism by which the effects of IL-1 are regulated in inflammation. Using antibodies that are specific for IL-1Ra and a cDNA probe encoding for this protein, we were able to show that neutrophils constitutively produce IL-1Ra. However, after activation by GM-CSF and TNF-alpha, IL-1Ra was secreted into the extracellular milieu where it constituted the major de novo synthesized product of activated neutrophils. None of a large array of other potent neutrophil agonists were found to affect the production of IL-1Ra by neutrophils. Quantitative measurements by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that intracellular IL-1Ra is in eightfold excess of the amount secreted in supernatants when studying nonactivated neutrophils. However, in GM-CSF- and TNF-alpha-activated cells, this difference was reduced to values between four- and fivefold, as virtually all of the de novo synthesized IL-1Ra was secreted. In activated cells, the intracellular content of IL-1Ra was found to be in the 2-2.5-ng/ml range per 10(6) neutrophils, whereas levels reached the 0.5-ng/ml range in supernatants. This would imply that IL-1Ra is produced in excess of IL-1 by a factor of at least 100, an observation that is in agreement with the reported amounts of IL-1Ra needed to inhibit the proinflammatory effects of IL-1. Neutrophils isolated from an inflammatory milieu, the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, were found to respond to GM-CSF and TNF-alpha in terms of IL-1Ra synthesis, indicating that the in vitro observations made in this study are likely to occur in an inflammatory setting in vivo.
Derivation and application of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine (2016)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are cells that can differentiate into any type of cells in the body, therefore have valuable promise in regenerative medicine of cell replacement therapies and tissue/organ engineering. PSCs can be derived either from early embryos or directly from somatic cells by epigenetic reprogramming that result in customized cells from patients. Here we summarize the methods of deriving PSCs, the various types of PSCs generated with different status, and their versatile applications in both clinical and embryonic development studies. We also discuss an intriguing potential application of PSCs in constructing tissues/organs in large animals by interspecies chimerism. All these emerging findings are likely to contribute to the breakthroughs in biological research and the prosperous prospects of regenerative medicine.
A Second Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Is Found (1996)

A multinational team of researchers has now added a second breast cancer susceptibility gene, called BRCA2 , to the one found 15 months ago and known as BRCA1 . Together, mutations in the two genes account for most of the roughly 10% of breast cancers that are inherited, and the hope is that having this second gene will lead to better screening tests for the cancer-causing mutations, as well as a better understanding of how breast cancer develops.
TRIM8: Making the Right Decision between the Oncogene and Tumour Suppressor Role (2017)

The TRIM8/GERP protein is a member of the TRIM family defined by the presence of a common domain structure composed of a tripartite motif including a RING-finger, one or two B-box domains, and a coiled-coil motif. The <i>TRIM8</i> gene maps on chromosome 10 within a region frequently found deleted and rearranged in tumours and transcribes a 3.0-kB mRNA. Its expression is mostly ubiquitously in murine and human tissues, and in epithelial and lymphoid cells, it can be induced by IFNγ. The protein spans 551 aa and is highly conserved during evolution. TRIM8 plays divergent roles in many biological processes, including important functions in inflammation and cancer through regulating various signalling pathways. In regulating cell growth, TRIM8 exerts either a tumour suppressor action, playing a prominent role in regulating p53 tumour suppressor activity, or an oncogene function, through the positive regulation of the NF-κB pathway. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dual role in human cancer will be discussed in depth in this review, and it will highlight the challenge and importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at blocking the pro-oncogenic arm of the TRIM8 signalling pathway without affecting its tumour suppressive effects.
A Nearly Comprehensive Naturalism (2007)

A common response to the question of what a properly naturalistic explanation might look like is to define it as a rationalist account that, in the words of Richard Giere, 'appeals only to the naturally evolved cognitive capacities of human agents together with their historically developed cultural artifacts.'2 This definition is apt, so far as it goes, which is often not very far since the meaning of 'naturally evolved' is usually left undefined. Or rather it is silently assumed that one or another version of the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution will justify the use of the term 'evolved.' Yet the very idea that extant forms of organization of matter have evolved from 'lesser' forms calls for an account of evolution that can take seriously the possibility that nature is self-creative; and this cries out for a metaphysical inquiry that contemporary naturalists seek to avoid, no doubt because it threatens the modernist credo that the events of Nature are controlled by rigid and immutable laws.KeywordsActual EntityNatural PhilosopherNatural EntityIntuitional KnowledgeComprehensive NaturalismThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
High-speed InGaP/GaAs HBTs using a simple collector undercut technique to reduce base-collector capacitance (1997)

High-speed InGaP/GaAs HBTs were fabricated using a simple collector undercut (CU) technique to physically remove the collector material underneath the extrinsic base region by selective etching for reducing base-collector capacitance (C/sub BC/). The best HBTs achieved a f/sub T/ of 80 GHz and a f/sub max/ (MSG/MAG) of 171 GHz. To our knowledge, this is the highest f/sub max/ (MSG/MAG) ever reported for the InGaP/GaAs HBTs. Compared to the HBTs without CUs, the CU HBTs showed a factor of 1.38 times improvement in the highest achievable f/sub max/ (MSG/MAG) due to the significant reduction of the C/sub BC/.
Collaboration, Genetic Associations, and Lupus Erythematosus (2008)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease that preferentially targets women during the reproductive years, is considered by many clinicians and investigators to be the prototypic autoimmune disease. Among clinicians, this status is based on the characteristic involvement of multiple organ systems — most notably, skin, kidneys, joints, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system — with the deposition of immune complexes and complement, inflammation, and vascular damage noted by pathologists. From the perspective of the immunologist, SLE is a model disease that has provided important insights into immune-system function. As is characteristic of most complex diseases, genetic and environmental factors determine . . .
[Comparison of the relative luciferase activity in secondary CEF by different heterogenous strong promoters, MDV gB promoter and the composed promoters]. (2006)

To improve the protection efficiency of the recombinant Marek' s disease viruses (MDV) in chickens with or without maternal antibodies,the work of selecting the optimal promoters for the construction of recombinant MDV was carried out. Combined with the efficient genetic manipulation, the composed promoters was constructed by use of the MDV gB core promoter with the regulatory elements from the early immediately promoter and enhancer of hCMV, the promoter and enhancer of SV40 or the partial enhancer of hCMV. And these composed promoters were ligased to the luciferase to construct the eukaryotic expressing vectors and named PhCMV-gB, Psv-gB and Pen-gB, respectively. In vitro, these vectors and internal standard plasmid (pSV-beta-LacZ) were transiently co-transfected into secondary CEF by FuGene 6 Transfection Reagent. Furthermore, cells were harvested 48 hours after transfection. Then the luciferase activity was detected by a luciferase assay kit, at the same time, the beta-galactosidase enzyme activity was detected by a beta-galactosidase enzyme assay kit, and the luciferase activity was corrected by the beta-galactosidase enzyme activity to get the relative luciferase activity. The relative luciferase activity was used as the transcriptional activity. By comparison of the relative luciferase activity of every promoter, it was found that these composed promoters could more effectively drive the reporter gene expression than the full legth of gB promoter did. Among them, PhCMV-gB robustly drove the reporter gene expression. On the other hand, PSV-gB and Pen-gB appeared to have the same strength; But compared with the commercial strong promoters, the transcriptional activity of the composed promoter were less than as or the same as that of the strong promoters. Therefore, at a sense, it can be proposed that these composed promoters have not only the characteristic of MDV gB promoter, but also that of the commercial strong promoters. These provide the choices for further developing the new-type recombinant MDV vaccine.
Anticarcinogenesis in Mice by Ginseng-Hydrolyzing Colonic Bacteria (2000)

The present study demonstrated the interrelationship between Ginseng, 20-
Neutrophil elastase in pressure ulcer fluid degrades fibronectin in the exudates (2004)

Background: Pressure ulcers are classified as chronic wounds, which do not heal in a timely fashion. Fibronectin is condensed in granulation tissue, and essential glycoprotein of wound healing. It has been proposed that fibronectin degradation may be involved in delaying wound healing. We have investigated whether pressure ulcer fluid (PUF) contains degraded fibronectin. In addition, we tried to identify the proteinase which contributes to fibronectin degradation in PUF. Methods: Fibronectin degradation and the presence of neutrophil elastase (NE) in PUF were determined by immunoblot analysis. Fibronectin degradation activity in PUF was determined in the presence of various proteinase inhibitors. NE activity was assessed using NE specific substrate. Results: Immunoblot analysis revealed that degraded fibronectin was observed in PUF samples but not in acute wound fluid (AWF). The PUF contained a proteinase capable of degrading freshly added fibronectin and its activity in PUF was blocked by a broad‐spectrum serine proteinase inhibitor or sivelestat, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, but not by metalloproteinase and cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Immunoblot analysis of PUF using an antineutrophil elastase antibody revealed that neutrophil elastase was detected as three bands at molecular weights of ∼30 kDa, ∼38 kDa, and ∼54 kDa, indicating that neutrophil elastase in the exudates existed not only as free monomers, but also in polymers or complexes with other molecules. Conclusion: These results suggest that PUF contains a high level of neutrophil elastase which may be involved in the delay of the healing of pressure ulcer through the fibronectin degradation.
Detection of aortic porcine valve dysfunction by maximum entropy spectral analysis. (1983)

A high-resolution method of spectral analysis, of the class generally called "maximum entropy method," was used in a study of aortic porcine valve closing sounds in 37 patients (ages 19 to 76). Spectra from 27 normal xenografts, implanted from 2 weeks to 61 months previously, were characterized by a dominant frequency peak, F1, at 89 +/- 15 Hz (mean +/- SD), with a lower amplitude peak, F2, at 154 +/- 25 Hz. Eight of nine patients with aortic porcine valve dysfunction were proved surgically to have leaflet degeneration or infection and had either F1 (139 +/- 54 Hz) and/or F2 (195 +/- 74 Hz) significantly higher than normal (p less than .001). In two patients with paravalvar leak but no leaflet abnormality, F1 and F2 were in the normal range. Estimation of F1 and F2 was highly reproducible and was unaffected by duration of implant up to 5 years. Spectral analysis of aortic porcine valve closing sounds by the maximum entropy method may be useful for detection of intrinsic xenograft dysfunction.
MAgNET: mobile agents for networked electronic trading (1999)

Electronic commerce technology offers the opportunity to integrate and optimize the global production and distribution supply chain. The computers of the various corporations, located throughout the world, will communicate with each other to determine the availability of components, to place and confirm orders, and to negotiate delivery timescales. We describe MAgNet, a system for networked electronic trading that is based on the Java mobile agent technology, called aglets. Aglets are dispatched by the buyer to the various suppliers, where they negotiate orders and deliveries, returning to the buyer with their best deals for approval. MAgNET handles the deep supply chain, where a supplier may need to contact further suppliers of subcomponents in order to respond to an enquiry. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using the Java aglet technology for electronic commerce.
<p>Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a delivery system for improving antiangiogenic therapy</p> (2019)

This study provides a novel strategy of encapsulating bevacizumab to protect and deliver it, which could increase the time between administration and formulation shelf-life. MSN-encapsulated bevacizumab is a promising drug delivery alternative of antiangiogenic therapy.
Dynamic power supply current monitoring of SRAMs (2002)

In this paper, we report the results of a physical experiment aimed at assessing a new test method for CMOS SRAMs. The test method involves a new and simple philosophy for testing: monitor the switching behavior of a circuit rather than just the output logic state. Observing the dynamic (transient) power supply current can lead to drastic improvement in "real" defect coverage. We use the dynamic power supply current as indicative of such switching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>