gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid configuration for simultaneous en-face OCT imaging at different depths (2005)

By dividing both the object and reference beam in an OCT interferometer, two independent OCT imaging channels are assembled. The depth scanning proceeds simultaneously in the two OCT channels and from the same range, however a differential optical path difference can be introduced between the two channels. In this way, two simultaneous images are generated where the depth differs in each pixel by the differential optical path difference. A dual OCT system working at 850 nm was devised and we demonstrate the capability of the method by simultaneously acquiring images from the optic nerve and fovea of a volunteer. The configuration devised insures a strict pixel to pixel correspondence between the two images irrespective of the axial eye movements while the depth difference between the corresponding pixels is exactly the differential optical path difference. The images are collected by fast en-face scanning (T-scan) which allows both B-scan and C-scan acquisition.
Analysis and Evaluation of the GAS Model for Distributed Graph Computation (2017)

Compared with distributed graph computation, traditionally single node computation is unfitted in processing large scale graph data. The GAS (Gather, Apply and Scatter) Model is a universal vertex-cut graph computation programming model based on edge-centric programs to support graph algorithms, which process distributed graph computation after graph partition. In this paper, we introduce that three minor-steps of GAS. We then analyze more complete process of GAS considering intra-node computation and internode communication of distributed graph computation. Based on our analysis, we evaluate the performance in different nodes of graph analysis algorithm applying GAS model. The evaluation shows that the bottleneck is computation performance or communication bandwidth depending on number of nodes, which is an inspiration of optimizing the GAS model.
Enhanced Tumor Cell Isolation by a Biomimetic Combination of E-selectin and anti-EpCAM: Implications for the Effective Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) (2010)

The selective detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is of significant clinical importance for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer metastasis. However, largely because of the extremely low number of CTCs (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients, effective detection and separation of the rare cells remain a tremendous challenge. Cell rolling is known to play a key role in physiological processes such as the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and selectin-mediated CTC metastasis. Furthermore, because CTCs typically express the epithelial-cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on the surface whereas normal hematologic cells do not, substrates with immobilized antibody against EpCAM may specifically interact with CTCs. In this article, we created biomimetic surfaces functionalized with P- and E-selectin and anti-EpCAM that induce different responses in HL-60 (used as a model of leukocytes in this study) and MCF-7 (a model of CTCs) cells. HL-60 and MCF-7 cells showed different degrees of interaction with P-/E-selectin and anti-EpCAM at a shear stress of 0.32 dyn/cm(2). HL-60 cells exhibited rolling on P-selectin-immobilized substrates at a velocity of 2.26 +/- 0.28 microm/s whereas MCF-7 cells had no interaction with the surface. Both cell lines, however, had interactions with E-selectin, and the rolling velocity of MCF-7 cells (4.24 +/- 0.31 microm/s) was faster than that of HL-60 cells (2.12 +/- 0.15 microm/s). However, only MCF-7 cells interacted with anti-EpCAM-coated surfaces, forming stationary binding under flow. More importantly, the combination of the rolling (E-selectin) and stationary binding (anti-EpCAM) resulted in substantially enhanced separation capacity and capture efficiency (more than 3-fold enhancement), as compared to a surface functionalized solely with anti-EpCAM that has been commonly used for CTC capture. Our results indicate that cell-specific detection and separation may be achieved through mimicking the biological processes of combined dynamic cell rolling and stationary binding, which will likely lead to a CTC detection device with significantly enhanced specificity and sensitivity without a complex fabrication process.
Long-term follow up of infliximab therapy in inflammatory arthritis (2007)

To evaluate the long-term clinical response to infliximab in patients with inflammatory arthritis and to document any undesirable effects on follow-up. This study was conducted in Command Hospital (Eastern Command) between June 2002 and May 2006. Cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received infliximab after screening for tuberculosis and concurrent infections were followed up for a minimum period of 2 years after therapy. Infliximab was administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg for RA and JIA, and 5mg/kg for spondyloarthropathy (SpA) at 0, 2 and 6 weeks. Few patients received additional 8 weekly doses. Twelve patients with AS received only 3 mg/kg dose at 8–12 week intervals due to shortage of drug. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs were continued in all. Monthly follow-up was done to assess the disease activity and document any adverse effects. There were 52 patients in total (32 males, 20 females). Of these, 18 had RA, 27 had AS, 4 had JIA and 1 had PsA. All except two showed subjective improvement lasting 6 weeks to 7 months. Adverse effects during infusion and in the immediate post-infusion period were few and not clinically significant. One patient had hypersensitivity reaction following the second dose. However, seven cases of tuberculosis (14%) occurred in the follow-up period from 6 weeks to 1 year after the commencement of infliximab therapy. All patients responded to 6 months of antituberculosis treatment. Two years after the last dose of infliximab, all patients had active arthritis and four patients had to undergo total hip replacement during that period. Anti-TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) agent infliximab is effective in the management of inflammatory arthritis but the improvement can be sustained only by continuing its administration at intervals of 8–20 weeks. In our country, its long-term use may be limited by the high incidence of tuberculosis as shown in our study (14%). Close monitoring for tuberculosis is essential.
[Regulatory Effect of Exosomes Derived from Human Umbiilcal Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Treg and TH17 Cells]. (2019)

The hUC-MSC-exosomes have an immunomodulatory effect on T cells in vitro by increasing the ratio of Treg and reducing the ratio of TH17 cells, expecting the hUC-MSC-exosom as a novel cell-free target for immunotherapy.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2003)

During pregnancy there is an alteration in maternal immunity within the uterus where innate, proinflammatory immune responses are tightly regulated to prevent immunological rejection of the fetal allograft. Disruption of the delicate balance of cytokines by bacteria or other factors increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface and activates the parturition mechanism prematurely. Despite years of searching, there is still no broadly effective strategy for preventing preterm labor and most therapies are directed at inhibiting myometrial contractions and improving neonatal outcome. Recent studies with progestins and interleukin-10 (IL-10), however, are showing promise in randomized clinical trials and animal studies. Furthermore, the identification of the Toll-like receptors as upstream mediators of inflammation may offer alternative therapeutic targets for preventing this common pregnancy complication.
Iliac vein stenting for chronic venous insufficiency. (2007)

Chronic venous insufficiency has devastating sequelae in terms of patients' lifestyles and negative economic impact on society. Traditional surgical procedures have yielded variable patency results, and follow-up has not always been reported. This review summarizes the current applications, patency rates, stent selection, and complications of balloon angioplasty and stenting in the treatment of chronic venous outflow obstruction in the lower extremity. We conclude that endovenous stenting is the current method of choice in the treatment of chronic venous obstruction.
Delivery of the Non-Membrane-Permeative Antibiotic Gentamicin into Mammalian Cells by Using <i>Shigella flexneri</i> Membrane Vesicles (1998)

We developed a model to test whether non-membrane-permeative therapeutic agents such as gentamicin could be delivered into mammalian cells by means of bacterial membrane vesicles. Many gram-negative bacteria bleb off membrane vesicles (MVs) during normal growth, and the quantity of these vesicles can be increased by brief exposure to gentamicin (J. L. Kadurugamuwa and T. J. Beveridge, J. Bacteriol. 177:3998-4008, 1995), which can be entrapped within the MVs. Gentamicin-induced MVs (g-MVs) were isolated from Shigella flexneri and contained 85 +/- 2 ng of gentamicin per microgram of MV protein. Immunogold electron microscopic labeling of thin sections with antibodies specific to S. flexneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) demonstrated the adherence and subsequent engulfment of MVs by the human Henle 407 intestinal epithelial cell line. Further incubation of g-MVs with S. flexneri-infected Henle cells revealed that the g-MVs penetrated throughout the infected cells and reduced the intracellular pathogen by approximately 1.5 log10 CFU in the first hour of incubation. Antibiotic was detected in the cytoplasms of host cells, indicating the intracellular placement of the drug following the penetration of g-MVs. Soluble antibiotic, added as a fluid to the tissue culture growth medium, had no effect on intracellular bacterial growth, confirming the impermeability of the cell membranes of the tissue to gentamicin. Western blot analysis of MVs with S. flexneri Ipa-specific antibodies demonstrated that the invasion protein antigens IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD were present in MVs. Being bilayered, with outer faces composed of LPS and Ipa proteins, these MVs were readily engulfed by the otherwise impermeable membranes and eventually liberated their contents into the cytoplasmic substance of the host tissue.
Long-Term Anaerobic Survival of the Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> via Pyruvate Fermentation (2004)

Denitrification and arginine fermentation are central metabolic processes performed by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa during biofilm formation and infection of lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Genome-wide searches for additional components of the anaerobic metabolism identified potential genes for pyruvate-metabolizing NADH-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), and acetate kinase (ackA). While pyruvate fermentation alone does not sustain significant anaerobic growth of P. aeruginosa, it provides the bacterium with the metabolic capacity for long-term survival of up to 18 days. Detected conversion of pyruvate to lactate and acetate is dependent on the presence of intact ldhA and ackA-pta loci, respectively. DNA microarray studies in combination with reporter gene fusion analysis and enzyme activity measurements demonstrated the anr- and ihfA-dependent anaerobic induction of the ackA-pta promoter. Potential Anr and integration host factor binding sites were localized. Pyruvate-dependent anaerobic long-term survival was found to be significantly reduced in anr and ihfA mutants. No obvious ldhA regulation by oxygen tension was observed. Pyruvate fermentation is pH dependent. Nitrate respiration abolished pyruvate fermentation, while arginine fermentation occurs independently of pyruvate utilization.
Investigating Adaptation and Transfer Learning for End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding from Speech (2019)

International audience
Magnetically levitated centrifugal artificial heart pump with axially suspension motor (2003)

The life time of a rotary blood pump as an artificial heart is mainly determined by the durability of mechanical parts such as bearings and seals. The purpose of this study is to develop a durable centrifugal blood pump with self-bearing motor techniques. In this paper, a magnetically suspended centrifugal blood pump by using an axially levitated motor is reported. The axially levitated motor consists of a top stator, a levitated rotor, and a bottom stator. The levitated rotor is set between the top and the bottom stator. The radial movement of the rotor is restricted passively by using two ring-shaped permanent magnets on the rotor and casing circumference. The maximum head pressure and the maximum flow rate of the magnetically suspended centrifugal blood pump were 198mmHg and 8.8L/min, respectively. The developed pump displayed good magnetic suspension performance and sufficient pump performance as a ventricular assist device.
Radio-Frequency (RF) Vacuum Electronics: A Resurgent Technology For Tomorrow (1987)

Recent advances in the development of fast-wave, or periodic-beam, devices operating at millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelengths are not the only signs of resurgence in the field of RF vacuum electronics. Significant progress is being achieved in areas of well-established slow-wave power tube technology. In addition, the field is being stimulated by the introduction of techniques (CADD/CAM and microelectronics fabrication) and technologies (improved magnetics) from other disciplines. By any single-parameter measure -- peak or average power, efficiency, bandwidth noise reduction -- or by more complex figures-of-merit -- power-bandwidth product, Pf2 -- vacuum RF power device performance is advancing, not incrementally, but at breakthrough rates. This dramatic progress could presage a period of growth in RF vacuum electronics unequaled since the postwar period of achievement in magnetron and klystron development.
A Lithium‐Sulfur Battery with a High Areal Energy Density (2014)

The battery community has recently witnessed a considerable progress in the cycle lives of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries, mostly by developing the electrode structures that mitigate fatal dissolution of lithium polysulfides. Nonetheless, most of the previous successful demonstrations have been based on limited areal capacities. For realistic battery applications, however, the chronic issues from both the anode (lithium dendrite growth) and the cathode (lithium polysulfide dissolution) need to be readdressed under much higher loading of sulfur active material. To this end, the current study integrates the following three approaches in a systematic manner: 1) the sulfur electrode material with diminished lithium polysulfide dissolution by the covalently bonded sulfur‐carbon microstructure, 2) mussel‐inspired polydopamine coating onto the separator that suppresses lithium dendrite growth by wet‐adhesion between the separator and Li metal, and 3) addition of cesium ions (Cs + ) to the electrolyte to repel incoming Li ions and thus prevent Li dendrite growth. This combined strategy resolves the long‐standing problems from both electrodes even under the very large sulfur‐carbon composite loading of 17 mg cm −2 in the sulfur electrode, enabling the highest areal capacity (9 mAh cm −2 ) to date while preserving stable cycling performance.
Controlled Incorporation of Particles into the Central Portion of Vesicle Walls (2010)

Vesicles have attracted considerable attention recently because of many potential applications as well as intrinsic interest in the structures. The incorporation of various particles into vesicle walls has also received attention. One of the unsolved problems, in this context, is the controlled incorporation of particles into only the central portion of the vesicle walls, i.e. approximately halfway between the external and internal interfaces. In this paper, we describe a general method for the incorporation of particles into only the central portion, i.e. central 10-20%, of the vesicle walls. The strategy involves the use, as coatings on the particles, of diblock copolymers of a structure similar to that of the vesicle formers, which allows the particles to be preferentially localized in the central portion of the walls.
Single-frequency operation of a diode-pumped lanthanum–neodymium–hexaaluminate laser by using a twisted-mode cavity (1993)

Single-frequency operation of a diode-pumped lanthanum-neodymium-hexaaluminate laser using a twisted mode geometry is reported. Single-mode output without additional intracavity frequency-selective elements was observed. The laser was tunable from 1.054 to 1.059 microm and from 1.077 to 1.088 microm. A single-frequency output of 150 mW at 1.083 microm has been obtained. The laser is particularly interesting in relation to experiments that use metastable helium.
Acoustic source localization model using in-skull reverberation and time reversal (2007)

A processing model of localization based on time reversal of the reverberated sound in a human skull is proposed. The underlying general idea is that bones act as antenna, gathering and conducting information about spatial positioning. Decoding this information is achieved with a time reversal analysis. Tested in a model experiment, the localization works in the azimuthal and sagittal plans, for single or multiple sound sources. Its efficiency is also demonstrated for one sided hearing people. The authors anticipate that this general antennalike concept can be applied to many animals that use sound localization as well as to future design for microphone devices or sonars.
The occurrence, induction, specificity and potential effect of antibodies against poly(ethylene glycol) (2009)

Specific antibodies against poly(ethylene glycol) (anti-PEG) were induced in animals following exposure to PEG-conjugated proteins and particles, resulting in rapid clearance of PEG-conjugated agents. In humans, induction of anti-PEG was observed following exposure to a PEG-conjugated drug, and pre-existing anti-PEG was identified in over 25% the healthy population. In clinical studies, the presence of anti-PEG was strongly associated with rapid clearance of PEG-asparaginase and PEG-uricase. PEGylation of therapeutic agents will continue to be of significant value in medicine to reduce immunogenicity, antigenicity and toxicity as well as markedly reducing renal clearance, while maintaining drug efficacy. It is important to recognize that PEG itself may possess antigenic and immunogenic properties. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to fully elucidate the effect of anti-PEG on PEG-conjugated agents and if confirmed in a prospective trial, patients should be screened and monitored for anti-PEG, and strategies developed to overcome the potential negative effect of anti-PEG on drug clearance to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
Shallow Inferior Conjunctival Fornix in Contracted Socket and Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: A Novel Technique to Deepen the Fornix Using Fascia Lata Strips (2016)

Purpose. To evaluate a new surgical technique using fascia lata to deepen the shallow inferior conjunctival fornix in contracted socket and anophthalmic socket syndrome. Methods. A prospective controlled study in which 24 sockets of 24 patients who were unable to wear and retain their ocular prosthesis due to shallow inferior fornix were enrolled and categorized into anophthalmic socket syndromes (9 patients) and contracted sockets (15 patients). Another 24 patients who underwent evisceration or enucleation with healthy sockets and can wear and retain their prosthesis comfortably were chosen as a control group. Deepening of the fornix was performed using fascia lata strips under general anesthesia. Central depth of the inferior fornix was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. A statistically significant improvement of the postoperative central inferior fornix depth was reported which was marked in anophthalmic subgroup. 100% of anophthalmic sockets and 93.3% of contracted sockets achieved satisfactory results during the follow-up period with no postoperative lower eyelid malposition or obvious skin scar. Conclusion. Fascia lata technique is a new alternative and effective procedure to deepen the shallow inferior fornix that can be used in moderate to severe contracted sockets or anophthalmic socket syndrome with minimal lower eyelid or socket complications.
Potential Roles for C1 Inhibitor in Transplantation (2015)

Complement is a major contributor to inflammation and graft injury. This system is especially important in ischemia-reperfusion injury/delayed graft function as well as in acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The latter is increasingly recognized as a major cause of late graft loss, for which we have few effective therapies. C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) regulates several pathways which contribute to both acute and chronic graft injuries. However, C1-INH spares the alternative pathway and the membrane attack complex (C5-9) so innate antibacterial defenses remain intact. Plasma-derived C1-INH has been used to treat hereditary angioedema for more than 30 years with excellent safety. Studies with C1-INH in transplant recipients are limited, but have not revealed any unique toxicity or serious adverse events attributed to the protein. Extensive data from animal and ex vivo models suggest that C1-INH ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury. Initial clinical studies suggest this effect may allow transplantation of donor organs which are now discarded because the risk of primary graft dysfunction is considered too great. Although the incidence of severe early AMR is declining, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that complement is an important mediator of chronic AMR, a major cause of late graft loss. Thus, C1-INH may also be helpful in preserving function of established grafts. Early clinical studies in transplantation suggest significant beneficial effects of C1-INH with minimal toxicity. Recent results encourage continued investigation of this already-available therapeutic agent.
The common configuration scoring system (CCSS) : (2010)

NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by
Broadband Green's function and applications to fast electromagnetic modeling of high speed interconnects (2015)

In this paper we developed the method of broadband Green's function with Low Frequency Extraction (BBGFL) for arbitrary shaped waveguide. To facilitate broadband modeling over a wide range of frequency, BBGFL consists of modal expansion of modes that are frequency independent. To accelerate convergence of the Green's function, low wavenumber extraction is performed by calculating the Green's function at a single low wavenumber. The singularity of the Green's function is also extracted by such low wavenumber extractions. In applying BBGFL, only a small set of field points and source points are usually needed. These are readily computed once and used for all frequencies. We illustrate the application of BBGF for broadband simulations of vias in arbitrarily shaped power/ground planes by combining with the method of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equation. Results show that BBGFL agrees with MoM and HFSS. But BBGFL is several hundred times faster than direct MoM and HFSS in CPU. The substantial improvement in computational efficiency enables this technique for fast computer-aided design (CAD).