gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber reinforcement of reaction bonded oxide ceramics (1995)

Pure oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMC) offer an encouraging route for materials capable of maintaining excellent stability in oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures. The present paper deals with fiber-reinforced oxide matrix ceramics fabricated by reaction bonding. In order to produce a weak interface between fibers and matrix, two different approaches are discussed: (1) fiber/matrix debonding by adjusting the porosity of not fully densified matrices and (2) through formation of a weak fiber coating as a third component of the composite system.
Opportunistic Infections--Coming to the Limits of Immunosuppression? (2013)

Possible etiologies of infection in the solid organ recipient are diverse, ranging from common bacterial and viral pathogens to opportunistic pathogens that cause invasive disease only in immunocompromised hosts. The recognition of infectious syndromes in this population is limited by alterations in the clinical manifestations by immunosuppression. The risk of serious infections in the organ transplant patient is determined by the interaction between the patients' recent and distant epidemiological exposures and all factors that contribute to the patient's net state of immune suppression. This risk is altered by antimicrobial prophylaxis and changes in immunosuppressive therapies. In addition to the direct effects of infection, opportunistic infections, and the microbiome may adversely shape the host immune responses with diminished graft and patient survivals. Antimicrobial therapies are more complex than in the normal host with a significant incidence of drug toxicity and a propensity for drug interactions with the immunosuppressive agents used to maintain graft function. Rapid and specific microbiologic diagnosis is essential. Newer microbiologic assays have improved the diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections. These tools coupled with assays that assess immune responses to infection and to graft antigens may allow optimization of management for graft recipients in the future.
270 MHz Full HD H.264/AVC High Profile Encoder with Shared Multibank Memory-Based Fast Motion Estimation (2009)

We present a full HD (1080p) H.264/AVC High Profile hardware encoder based on fast motion estimation (ME). Most processing cycles are occupied with ME and use external memory access to fetch samples, which degrades the performance of the encoder. A novel approach to fast ME which uses shared multibank memory can solve these problems. The proposed pixel subsampling ME algorithm is suitable for fast motion vector searches for high-quality resolution images. The proposed algorithm achieves an 87.5% reduction of computational complexity compared with the full search algorithm in the JM reference software, while sustaining the video quality without any conspicuous PSNR loss. The usage amount of shared multibank memory between the coarse ME and fine ME blocks is 93.6%, which saves external memory access cycles and speeds up ME. It is feasible to perform the algorithm at a 270 MHz clock speed for 30 frame/s realtime full HD encoding. Its total gate count is 872k, and internal SRAM size is 41.8 kB.
Steroidal Glycosides from <i>Furcraea foetida</i> and Their Cytotoxic Activity (2009)

Two new spirostanol glycosides (1, 2) and a new furostanol glycoside (3), together with nine known steroidal glycosides (4-12) were isolated from the leaves of Furcraea foetida (Agavaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HL-60 human leukemia cells, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, HSC-2 human oral squamous carcinoma cells, and HSC-4 human oral squamous carcinoma cells.
Locomotive Fleet Maintenance for Today and Tomorrow (1985)

This paper discusses the loco maintenance policies and practices being implemented to meet the demands of a fleet which is currently expanding by some 150 units, a 27% fleet growth since 1981 and also includes discussion of examples of design improvements to make the maintenance task more efficient.
Sensitive gas chromatographic detection of nitrogen dioxide (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitive gas chromatographic detection of nitrogen dioxideOtto. Grubner and Abraham S. GoldinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 6, 944–947Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60328a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60328a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quasiparticle-Injection-Induced Superconducting Weak Links (1976)

Superconducting weak links are studied in which the weak region is created by locally driving the superconductor out of equilibrium using an independent source of quasiparticles. The characteristics of these weak links can be varied electrically or optically at any temperature below ${T}_{c}$. A simple model which describes the dependence of weak-link critical current on quasiparticle-injection rate is presented.
Biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls in St. Lawrence River sediments: reductive dechlorination and dechlorinating microbial populations (2000)

Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorinating microbial populations in St. Lawrence River sediments were fractionated and estimated based on the dechlorination pattern using a combination of serial dilution and most probable number techniques. Two distinctive dechlorination patterns were found in most probable number sediments spiked with Aroclor 1248. A high-dilution inoculum decreased the average number of chlorines per biphenyl from 4.0 to 3.4 but was unable to dechlorinate meta-substituted congeners consisting mainly of 2,5,2',5'-, 2,4,2',5'-, and 2,5,2'-chlorobiphenyl (pattern B). On the other hand, a low-dilution inoculum did dechlorinate the meta-rich congeners and reduced the average number of chlorines to 2.9 (pattern A). These results indicate that there are at least two populations. While pattern B was produced by pattern B producing dechlorinators, pattern A was produced by a combination of pattern B producers plus another population that dechlorinates the meta-substituted congeners. When the population size was calculated based on the frequency of respective dechlorination patterns, the populations yielding pattern B were approximately 2.4 × 10 6 cells·g dry weight sediment -1 whereas the dechlorinators of the meta-rich congeners were two orders of magnitude less at 3.5 × 10 4 cells·g dry weight sediment -1 . Despite lower numbers, these meta-dechlorinators in pattern A increased the overall dechlorination by almost twofold.
A Corpus-based Approach to Finding Happiness (2006)

What are the sources of happiness and sadness in everyday life? In this paper, we employ ‘linguistic ethnography ’ to seek out where happiness lies in our everyday lives by considering a corpus of blogposts from the LiveJournal community annotated with happy and sad moods. By analyzing this corpus, we derive lists of happy and sad words and phrases annotated by their ‘happiness factor.’ Various semantic analyses performed with this wordlist reveal the happiness trajectory of a 24-day (3am and 9-10p are most happy), and a 7-day week (Wednesdays are saddest), and compare the socialness and humancenteredness of happy descriptions versus sad descriptions. We evaluate our corpus-based approach in a classification task and contrast our wordlist with emotionally-annotated
High-Performance<i>a</i>-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution (2015)

Amorphous Si (a-Si)/crystalline Si (c-Si) heterojunction (SiHJ) can serve as highly efficient and robust photoelectrodes for solar fuel generation. Low carrier recombination in the photoelectrodes leads to high photocurrents and photovoltages. The SiHJ was designed and fabricated into both photoanode and photocathode with high oxygen and hydrogen evolution efficiency, respectively, by simply coating of a thin layer of catalytic materials. The SiHJ photoanode with sol-gel NiOx as the catalyst shows a current density of 21.48 mA/cm(2) at the equilibrium water oxidation potential. The SiHJ photocathode with 2 nm sputter-coated Pt catalyst displays excellent hydrogen evolution performance with an onset potential of 0.640 V and a solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of 13.26%, which is the highest ever reported for Si-based photocathodes.
Reset Tree-Based Optical Fault Detection (2013)

In this paper, we present a new reset tree-based scheme to protect cryptographic hardware against optical fault injection attacks. As one of the most powerful invasive attacks on cryptographic hardware, optical fault attacks cause semiconductors to misbehave by injecting high-energy light into a decapped integrated circuit. The contaminated result from the affected chip is then used to reveal secret information, such as a key, from the cryptographic hardware. Since the advent of such attacks, various countermeasures have been proposed. Although most of these countermeasures are strong, there is still the possibility of attack. In this paper, we present a novel optical fault detection scheme that utilizes the buffers on a circuit's reset signal tree as a fault detection sensor. To evaluate our proposal, we model radiation-induced currents into circuit components and perform a SPICE simulation. The proposed scheme is expected to be used as a supplemental security tool.
An Analysis of the Induction Machine (1938)

THERE has long been a need for a means of evaluating the performance of induction motors under transient conditions, as when driving pulsating compressor loads. The familiar equivalent-circuit analysis is inadequate to determine the effects of pulsating speeds, and the more complete analysis of S. J. Levine1 is somewhat inconvenient, since the rotating axes assumed lead to involved equations. Probably the most convenient approach is to be found in the stationary-axis method so successfully applied by R. H. Park2 to the analysis of salient-pole synchronous machines.
Chirp-Based FHSS Receiver with Recursive Symbol Synchronization for Underwater Acoustic Communication (2018)

In this paper, we propose a covert underwater acoustic communication method that is robust to fading using a chirp signal combined with a frequency-hopping spread spectrum scheme. A fractional Fourier transform, which estimates the slope of the signal frequency variation, is applied to the receiver to enable a robust and reliable symbol estimation with respect to the frequency and irregular phase variations. In addition, since the recursive symbol synchronization can be implemented using a chirp signal, compression and expansion effects due to the Doppler shift can be mitigated. Simulation and lake trials were performed to verify the performance of the proposed method. The simulation was performed by two different methods.
1128. Cinnolines. Part VII. Methylation of 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxycinnoline-3-acetic acid (1965)

D. E. Ames and A. C. Lovesey, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 6036 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650006036
Holographic deep learning for rapid optical screening of anthrax spores (2017)

Establishing early warning systems for anthrax attacks is crucial in biodefense. Despite numerous studies for decades, the limited sensitivity of conventional biochemical methods essentially requires preprocessing steps and thus has limitations to be used in realistic settings of biological warfare. We present an optical method for rapid and label-free screening of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> spores through the synergistic application of holographic microscopy and deep learning. A deep convolutional neural network is designed to classify holographic images of unlabeled living cells. After training, the network outperforms previous techniques in all accuracy measures, achieving single-spore sensitivity and subgenus specificity. The unique "representation learning" capability of deep learning enables direct training from raw images instead of manually extracted features. The method automatically recognizes key biological traits encoded in the images and exploits them as fingerprints. This remarkable learning ability makes the proposed method readily applicable to classifying various single cells in addition to <i>B. anthracis</i>, as demonstrated for the diagnosis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, without any modification. We believe that our strategy will make holographic microscopy more accessible to medical doctors and biomedical scientists for easy, rapid, and accurate point-of-care diagnosis of pathogens.
Highly Transparent and Conductive ZnO: Al Thin Films from a Low Temperature Aqueous Solution Approach (2013)

A solution deposition approach for high-performance aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films (visible transparency > 90% and sheet resistance down to 25 Ω/sq) with process temperatures not exceeding 85 °C is presented. This allows the non-vacuum deposition of AZO on temperature sensitive substrates such as polymer films for flexible and transparent electronics, or inorganic and organic thin film photovoltaics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An information retrieval approach to spelling suggestion (2010)

In this paper, we present a two-step language-independent spelling suggestion system. In the first step, candidate suggestions are generated using an Information Retrieval(IR) approach. In step two, candidate suggestions are re-ranked using a new string similarity measure that uses the length of the longest common substrings occurring at the beginning and end of the words. We obtained very impressive results by reranking candidate suggestions using the new similarity measure. The accuracy of first suggestion is 92.3%, 90.0% and 83.5% for Dutch, Danish and Bulgarian language datasets respectively.
Engineering materials and biology to boost performance of microbial fuel cells: a critical review (2008)

In less than a decade the levels of performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in terms of current output, voltage, and power density have grown tremendously according to steady exponential trends. Achievements occurred over the past 2–3 years have been particularly impressive. This is due partly to a better understanding of the biological aspects of this multidisciplinary technology, but also to systematic work undertaken by several research groups worldwide aimed at improving and optimizing aspects related to materials and system configuration. Aim of this review is to outline the current perspective about MFCs by focusing on the recent major advances in the areas of materials and engineering. MFCs are promising devices to address sustainability concerns both in terrestrial and space applications.
Character image restoration based on characteristic points (2002)

Most of input images of characters are distorted by translating, scaling, rotating, tilting, or by any combination of the above transformations. In order to identify the characters by computers, a restoration transformation is needed. A novel image restoration method is proposed for characters under the above transformations. The restoration is based on the so-called characteristic points. Three characteristic points are required to construct the distorted characters. Some approaches to identify the characteristic points are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[The concept of transmembrane asymmetry of lateral domains in biomemranes and influenza virus envelope fine structure]. (2010)

The molecular architectures of enveloped viruses are one demonstrative example of perfectly arranged macromolecular complex that is achieved through the structural specificity of virus assembly. Virus morphogenesis is a multi-step process that depends on the concerted actions of many viral and cellular components as well as fitted organization of main viral constituents. Viral envelope was shown to be composed of the mixture of lipid raft and non-raft domains. The domains are recruited from the host-cell membrane as discrete well-ordered lipid-protein units in the process of virus assembly. Raft-like nature of influenza virus A envelope was visualized using a novel approach of cold solubilization of the detergent-resistant membranes from intact influenza virus A virions with the mixture of two non-ionic detergents drastically differing in their raft-solubilizing activities, NP40 and octyl-glucopyranoside. In the view of this methodological approach, the virus envelope is apparently an ensemble of platforms which are flexibly joint in the viral envelope, and composed of surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase), matrix M1 protein and lipids. The modern concept of transmembrane asymmetry of lateral domains in biological membranes was involved to explain the solubilization mechanism revealed. Using principles of this concept we suggest matrix M1 protein shell as a structure-forming base to support asymmetrical rafts in the virus envelope.
A new mini Ball Grid Array (mBGA) multichip module technology (1994)

A new die-level packaging technology, mBGA, is reported in this paper. The mBGA enables high circuit packaging density on multichip module (MCM), facilitates die testing to obtain ``known good die,`` and allows a cost effective module assembly. We have designed and fabricated a test vehicle to evaluate mBGA multichip module technology. This paper describes the mBGA technology and the test vehicle multichip module and reports preliminary results on the die test and burn-in, thermal performance and reliability studies.
Hip dysplasia in labrador retrievers: the effects of age at scoring (2003)

Selective breeding policies for preventing or controlling hip dysplasia require accurate estimates of parameters in offspring/parental relationships and estimates of heritability. Recent literature includes some major studies of pedigree breeds of dog, using data derived from the hip dysplasia screening scheme set up by the British Veterinary Association. These publications have not taken into account the age of the animals when they were screened. This study analyses the data from 29,213 labrador retrievers whose ages were known when they screened. The mean hip score of the dogs was positively and significantly correlated with their age. If this relationship with age is ignored, various offspring/parental relationships and the estimates of heritability are likely to be distorted.
Zoom-Dependent Camera Calibration in Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry (2006)

One of the well-known constraints applying to the adoption of consumer-grade digital cameras for photogrammetric measurement is the requirement to record imagery at fixed zoom and focus settings. The camera is then calibrated for the lens setting employed. This requirement arises because calibration parameters vary significantly with zoom/focus setting. In this paper, a zoom-dependent calibration process is proposed whereby the image coordinate correction model for interior orientation and lens distortion is expressed as a function of the focal length written to the EXIF header of the image file. The proposed approach frees the practitioner from the requirement to utilize fixed zoom/focus settings for the images forming the photogrammetric network. Following a review of the behavior of camera calibration parameters with varying zoom settings, an account of the newly developed zoom-dependent calibration model is presented. Experimental results of its application to four digital cameras are analysed. These show that the proposed approach is suited to numerous applications of medium-accuracy, digital, close-range photogrammetry.
Simplified method for O-alkylation of N-protected tyrosines (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplified method for O-alkylation of N-protected tyrosinesWilford L. Mendelson, Ann M. Tickner, and Ivan LantosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 22, 4127–4129Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00170a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00170a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2382Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts