gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Metabolite Profiling Utilizing Parallel Column Analysis for Simultaneous Reversed-Phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Separations Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2014)

In this work, a fully automated parallel LC column method was established in order to perform orthogonal hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase (RPLC) chromatography within one analytical run for targeted quantitative mass spectrometric determination of metabolites from central carbon metabolism. In this way, the analytical throughput could be significantly improved compared to previously established dual separation work flows involving two separate analytical runs. Two sample aliquots were simultaneously injected onto a dual column setup columns using a ten-port valve, and parallel separations were carried out. Sub 2 μm particle size stationary phases were employed for both separation methods. HILIC and RPLC eluents were combined post column followed by ESI-MS/MS detection. The orthogonal separations were optimized, aiming at an overall separation with 2 retention time segments, while reversed-phase separation was accomplished within 5.5 min; metabolites on the HILIC phase were retained for a minimum time of 6 min. The overall run time was 15 min. The setup was applied to the quantification of 30 primary intercellular metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and nucleotides employing internal standardization by a fully (13)C-labeled yeast extract. The comparison with HILIC-MS/MS and RPLC-MS/MS in separate analytical runs revealed that an excellent analytical performance was achieved by the parallel LC column method. The experimental repeatability (N = 5) was on average <5% (only for 2 compounds >5%). Moreover, limits of detection for the new approach ranging from 0.002-15 μM were in a good agreement with ones obtained in separate HILIC-MS/MS and RPLC-MS/MS runs (ranging from 0.01-44 μM).
Say Yes to Digital Surrogates: Strengthening the Archival Record in the Postcustodial Era (2020)

Shein and Lapworth demonstrate how employing “scan-and-return” practices to strengthen and diversify archival collections is a creative and responsible way to provide researchers with equitable and ongoing access to a more inclusive and democratic historical record. The authors review some of the main archival theories and practices of the postcustodial era to show how their position is built on professional values and widely-accepted premises. They explain how and why UNLV Special Collections has joined a community of practice that validates stewardship of digital surrogates in support of the preeminent mandate of archives to preserve and provide broad access to cultural history. The theoretical discourse is followed by real-world examples and practical considerations related to collecting digital surrogates, including locally-developed guidelines and procedures, positive outcomes, and concerns that were raised and addressed along the way.
A Two-degree of Freedom Ambulance Stretcher Suspension (1996)

Ambulance suspensions often give a poor ride which may result in deterioration in the condition of ill or injured patients. Suspension of the ambulance stretcher itself is a lower cost option to a purpose-built ambulance suspension, and may offer superior isolation of the patient from road-induced disturbances. This paper describes the development of a pneumatic stretcher suspension offering both pitch and heave isolation. Design and theoretical considerations are outlined and laboratory prototype performance data obtained on a shaking table are presented.
Reviving partial order planning (2001)

This paper challenges the prevailing pessimism about the scalability of partial order planning (POP) algorithms by presenting several novel heuristic control techniques that make them competitive with the state of the art plan synthesis algorithms. Our key insight is that the techniques responsible for the efficiency of the currently successful planners--viz., distance based heuristics, reachability analysis and disjunctive constraint handling--can also be adapted to dramatically improve the efficiency of the POP algorithm. We implement our ideas in a variant of UCPOP called REPOP # . Our empirical results show that in addition to dominating UCPOP, REPOP also convincingly outperforms Graphplan in several &quot;parallel&quot; domains. The plans generated by REPOP also tend to be better than those generated by Graphplan and state search planners in terms of execution flexibility. 1
A new composite xenograft monocusp patch for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract: A preliminary report. (1980)

Pulmonary insufficiency secondary to outflow tract reconstruction remains an unsolved problem. Although a number of surgical techniques have been designed to avoid or palliate this condition, none so far has been satisfactory. This report describes a new composite stented porcine monocusp patch, which, because of its desirable hemodynamic characteristics, promises to yield stable and reproducible results. The clinical effectiveness of the patch is documented by its successful application in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.
Ferroelectric Polarization-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting in TiO<sub>2</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Core–Shell Nanowire Photoanodes (2015)

The performances of heterojunction-based electronic devices are extremely sensitive to the interfacial electronic band structure. Here we report a largely enhanced performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) photoanodes by ferroelectric polarization-endowed band engineering on the basis of TiO2/BaTiO3 core/shell nanowires (NWs). Through a one-step hydrothermal process, a uniform, epitaxial, and spontaneously poled barium titanate (BTO) layer was created on single crystalline TiO2 NWs. Compared to pristine TiO2 NWs, the 5 nm BTO-coated TiO2 NWs achieved 67% photocurrent density enhancement. By numerically calculating the potential distribution across the TiO2/BTO/electrolyte heterojunction and systematically investigating the light absorption, charge injection and separation properties of TiO2 and TiO2/BTO NWs, the PEC performance gain was proved to be a result of the increased charge separation efficiency induced by the ferroelectric polarization of the BTO shell. The ferroelectric polarization could be switched by external electric field poling and yielded PEC performance gain or loss based on the direction of the polarization. This study evidence that the piezotronic effect (ferroelectric or piezoelectric potential-induced band structure engineering) holds great promises in improving the performance of PEC photoelectrodes in addition to chemistry and structure optimization.
The emergence of "emerging diseases": a lesson in holistic epidemiology. (1996)

The term "emerging diseases" is a loosely defined category of entities comprising resurgent or recurrent old diseases (usually caused by "new" or mutated previously known agents), diseases truly new to man, but caused by preexisting ("old") zoonotic agents, and syndromes newly defined by the discovery of new agents through advances in biotechnology. Identification and solution of these problems depends, first, on recognition of their differences, and then upon tailoring appropriate strategies for their control. Thus, new influenza viruses appear each year to challenge immunity to their antecedents, but evoke the unchanged and centuries old symptom complex of influenza. Tuberculosis, is resurgent because of mycobacterial mutation to antibiotic resistance, immunosuppression by AIDS, and laxity in public health surveillance. Parvovirus B19 and herpesvirus 6 were revealed as cryptic infectors of white blood cells in studies of hepatitis B and AIDS, but since have been shown to be important causes of childhood rashes, aplastic anemia, and neurologic disease. The encroachment of human habitation on wilderness perimeters (ecosystem change) has increased contact with vectors of zoonotic viruses and bacteria, as evidenced by Lyme disease, Ebola virus infection, and the hemorrhagic fevers. The term "holistic epidemiology" embraces all these problems, from the molecular to the macroenvironmental level. Humans, parasites, and their environment will continue their ancient, fluctuating, dynamic relationship in the future, and new diseases will continue to emerge.
THE ABERRATIONS OF OPHTHALMIC LENSES (1958)

Middle Village, New York *Read before the annual meeting of the American Academy of Optometry, Houston. Texas, December 9, 1956. For publication in the January, 1958, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Optometrist. M.A. Fellow, American Academy of Optometry.
Local Antibody Response to P6 of Nontypable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>in Otitis-prone and Normal Children (1993)

The local antibody response to the outer membrane protein, P6, of nontypable H. influenzae was measured in middle ear fluids of 30 children during 46 episodes of otitis media, and in nasopharyngeal secretions from 7 children evaluated on 18 occasions. Immunoglobulin G antibody to P6 was detected in 92% of middle ear fluid compared to 70% for IgM, 78% for IgA, and 45% for secretory IgA. Antibody levels ranged from a high of 249 ng/ml for IgG to a low of 11 ng/ml for IgM. Concentrations of P6 specific IgG in the middle ear fluid was directly related to the concentration in the serum, r = 0.89, p < 0.001, and inversely related to the number of bacteria present, r = -0.62, p < 0.05. In contrast, IgA and secretory IgA antibodies to P6 were common (96% and 95%, respectively) and in relatively high concentrations (33 ng/ml and 29 ng/ml, respectively) in nasopharyngeal secretions. There was no relationship between nasopharyngeal and serum levels of antibodies. These data suggest that antibody to P6 nontypable H. influenzae is common, diffuses into the middle ear spaces passively from the serum during otitis media, and is manufactured locally in the nasopharynx in response to colonization.
Functional analysis of an epitope in the S2 subunit of the murine coronavirus spike protein: involvement in fusion activity (2000)

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5B19.2, which has virus-neutralizing and fusion inhibition activities, binds to an epitope (S2A) consisting of nine hydrophobic amino acids in the S2 subunit of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) spike (S) protein. This suggests that the S2A epitope may be involved in binding the virus to the MHV receptor and/or in virus-cell fusion. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that while the binding of virus to the receptor was blocked by anti-S1 MAbs, it was not blocked by the S2A antiserum, indicating that S2A was not involved in receptor-binding. The S proteins prepared in this study with mutations in the S2A epitope were either fusogenic or non-fusogenic and their fusogenicity did not correlate with the hydrophobic feature of the S2A epitope. All of these wt and mutated S proteins were similarly transported onto the cell membrane independent of their fusogenicity capability. These results suggest that S2A may mediate the fusion activity of the MHV S protein during virus entry into cells.
Acid induced fluorinated graphene oxide (2015)

Brown graphene oxide was interestingly tuned into nearly white fluorinated graphene oxide with rich oxygen groups under hydrothermal treatment with nitric and hydrofluoric acid.
14 Ribonuclease P (1999)

RNase P was first characterized in Escherichia coli as an enzyme that is required for the processing of the 5′ termini of tRNA in the pathway of biosynthesis of tRNA from precursor tRNAs (ptRNAs; Altman and Smith 1971; for review, see Altman 1989). Subsequently, it was discovered that this enzyme consisted of one protein and one RNA subunit, the latter being the catalytic subunit (Guerrier-Takada et al. 1983). In retrospect, it should not be surprising that an enzyme with the chemical composition of RNase P exists. Ribosomes are also ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), but they are much more complicated than RNase P. It seems unreasonable that ribosomes, with three RNAs and about 50 proteins, would exist without less complex RNPs having come into existence first and having persisted throughout evolution. Indeed, relatively simple RNPs with and without catalytic activity have been discovered with regularity during the past 20 years. What important questions about RNase P have not yet been answered? Certainly, for the biochemist, problems not yet solved for E. coli RNase P include a full understanding of enzyme–substrate interactions, RNA–protein subunit interactions, and the chemical details of the hydrolysis reaction. In every case, much progress has been made, but much has yet to be learned. A second issue of interest to biochemists and “evolutionists” is the puzzle presented by the different compositions of RNase P from eubacteria (one catalytic RNA and one protein subunit) and from eukaryotes (one RNA subunit and several protein subunits: no understanding yet of which...
Anisotropy of the Free Exciton Emission in GaN Grown on a-Plane Sapphire (2002)

The influence of the anisotropic in-plane strain on the optical response of GaN layers grown on a-plane sapphire is investigated. A splitting of the Γ5 states of the A and B free excitons into two components, polarized parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction, is observed. The experimental results are discussed in the framework of the effective exciton Hamiltonian formalism.
Design, implementation and test of an email virus throttle (2003)

We present an approach to preventing the damage caused by viruses that travel via email. The approach prevents an infected machine spreading the virus further. This directly addresses the two ways that viruses cause damage: less machines spreading the virus will reduce the number of machines infected and reduce the traffic generated by the virus. The approach relies on the observation that normal entailing behaviour is quite different from the behaviour of a spreading virus, with the virus sending messages at a much higher rate, to different addresses. To limit propagation a rate-limiter or virus throttle is described that does not affect normal traffic, but quickly slows and stops viral traffic. We include an analysis of normal emailing behaviour, and details of the throttle design. In addition an implementation is described and tested with real viruses, showing that the approach is practical.
Distributed object storage rebuild analysis via simulation with GOBS (2010)

Community acceptance of the object storage device model as represented by standards and use in existing HPC filesystems has enabled the development of more complex data storage systems. Object replicas may be placed in a variety of ways to obtain various properties, such as scalable lookup times, concurrent access to multiple objects, and efficient reorganization. The construction of a fully functional object-based parallel filesystem is an enormous effort, so evaluation of potential techniques and algorithms is typically performed by analysis or simulation. In this work, we present an extensible simulator designed to evaluate multiple object placement models under fault-induced rebuilds. We use results obtained by the simulator to weigh the benefits of simple object replica placement models.
Nucleocidin (1967)

Attention was first attracted to nucleocidin by its very great activity against trypanosomes. Subsequent investigations revealed that the toxicity of this antibiotic was too great to allow its extensive therapeutic use; consequently relatively little work has been done on its mode of action. However, its structural similarity to puromycin led to the suggestion that it might inhibit protein synthesis. Investigations of this possibility have revealed that nucleocidin is an extremely potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in vivo. In cell-free systems, however, its potency is not remarkably greater than that of other antibiotics. Although the mechanism by which nucleocidin inhibits protein synthesis has not been fully explained, some apparently unique properties of the process have been discovered.KeywordsSerratia MarcescensInhibit Protein SynthesisPeptide Bond FormationAmino Acid IncorporationAmino Acid AccumulationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A New Dust-Generating System for Inhalation Studies (1971)

In a program of inhalation studies with industrial plastic dusts, a generating system has been developed which permits consistent levels of respirable particles. In this system, preground dust is mixed in a fluidizing generator with a high-speed fan. The air-dust mixture is aspirated into a small baffling chamber and then piped directly into the inhalation chamber. The design of this system and its application to preliminary inhalation studies are discussed. Concentration and particle size data are presented.
Regulatory Takings, Private Property Protection Acts, and the Moragne Principle: A Proposal for Judicial-Legislative Comity (1997)

See infra note 4 and accompanying text (noting "the crazy-quilt pattern of judicial doctrine").2. See generally PaulineMaier, Popular Uprisings and CivilAuthority in Eighteenth-Century America, 27 WM.& MARY Q. 3 (1970) (discussing the history of mob influence in colonial America).Although not generally addressing the mistrust of governments, Alexis de Tocqueville recognized the widespread American fear of loss of property rights.In no country in the world is the love of property more active and more anxious than in the United States; nowhere does the majority display less inclination for those principles which threaten to alter, in whatever manner, the laws of property.I have often remarked, that theories which are of a revolutionary nature, since they cannot be put in practice without a complete and sometimes a sudden change in the state of property and persons, are much less favorably viewed in the United States than in the great monarchical countries of Europe: if some men profess them, the bulk of the people reject them with instinctive abhorrence.
Chitosan-Drug Conjugate Microspheres: Preparation and Drug Release Properties of Microspheres Composed of the Conjugate of 2′- or 3′-(4-Carboxy-butyryl)-5- Fluorouridine with Chitosan (1996)

AbstractThe conjugate microspheres (Chi-glu-FUR-m) were prepared by the dry-in-oil method using chitosan-5-fuorouridine conjugate. Chi-glu-FUR-m were characterized by drug content, particle shape and size, swelling property, and drug release. Their characteristics were compared with those of the simple microspheres (Chi/ FUR-m), which were prepared under similar conditions using a mixture of chitosan and 5-fluorouridine. Both microspheres prepared showed a high retention of the drug after preparation and similar particle size and shape. Swelling ratios after incubation in aqueous buflers of pH 7.4 for 6 hr were similar for both microspheres. Chi-glu-FUR-m swelled quickly in aqueous buffers of pH 7.4 and the disintegration was observed to occur gradually from 24 hr afrer the incubation. Chi-glu-FUR-m showed a gradual drug release (50% release time = 61 hr), while Chi/FUR-m released the drug very rapidly, Such characteristics of Chi-glu-FURm as swelling, slow disintegration, and gradual drug release propose its usefulness for localization or chemoembolization therapy.
Magnetically actuated micro swimming of bio-inspired robots in mini channels (2011)

Untethered swimming microrobots have many advantages for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, simple surgical tasks including opening of clogged arteries and as diagnostic tools. In this paper, swimming of microrobots is examined in water and glycerin filled channels. Propulsion of microrobots is enabled by means of an external magnetic field that rotates in the axial direction of the channel and forces robots to rotate about the axis of the helical tail. Rotation of the helical tail resulted in a screw-like motion of the robot reaching speeds up to several millimeters per second for a 2-mm long robot. The results are compared with resistive force theory, which is based on the assumption that the propulsive force resulting from the rotation of the helix is proportional to the local velocity on the helical flagellum in low Reynolds number micro and viscous flows.
Feasibility study of the Mn–Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalytic system for the oxidative coupling of methane in a fluidized-bed reactor (2014)

The catalytic system Mn–Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>, was studied in a miniplant fluidized-bed reactor for oxidative coupling of methane.
Optimal resource allocation for multi-service networks (2002)

The next generation of communication networks will simultaneously offer multiple service classes capable of supporting both real-time and best-effort traffic. At the level of an individual network router or gateway, a critical question that needs to be addressed is the development of a set of policies and metrics to determine how router resources should be shared between different service classes. We describe a solution to this problem that combines pricing policies with admission control for real-time traffic. We present a measurement-based approach for adaptive pricing that results in near-optimal resource allocation policies between real-time and best-effort traffic. We also show, through simulation, an application of our approach that maximizes overall user value.
Predicting lithology and transport properties from acoustic velocities based on petrophysical classification of siliciclastics (1994)

Abstract Based on the recently developed petrophysical classification of siliciclastics, which takes into account the amount of the volumetric clay content C and textural position of clay, it is shown that acoustic velocities can be fairly accurate tools in predicting lithology, porosity, and ultimately, transport properties of these rocks. Four major petrophysical groups of carbonate- and organic-poor siliciclastics are distinguished: (1) clean arenites (C &lt; 2 percent), (2) arenites and arkoses (C = 2-15 percent), (3) wackes (C = 15-35 percent), and (4) shales (C &gt; 35 percent). The compressional velocity versus porosity relation for consolidated rocks in each of these groups is found to be linear with very high correlation coefficients. This allows for remarkably accurate porosity estimates or lithology prediction in consolidated siliciclastics from acoustic velocities compared to the widely used time average (Wyllie) equation or its improved modification (Raymer equations), both of which neglect textural factors, or recently proposed relations based on the critical porosity concept. The transforms proposed display fundamental trends subject to only a second-order regional effects, such as details of mineralogy, grain size distribution, and authigenic clay development. These trends primarily reflect the processes of chemical diagenesis, including pressure solution, cementation, and mineral phase transformation. The processes of lithification of unconsolidated sediments by physical compaction and initial cementation are characterized by a steeper slope of the velocity-porosity transform because of a more pronounced velocity increase compared to the porosity reduction at this stage. The use of the V P /V S ratio versus velocity relation for lithology prediction is limited compared to the V P versus porosity plots; however, if both porosity and lithology are unknown, the velocity ratio can still be used for discriminating between predominantly grain-supported reservoir rocks (clean arenite, arenite and arkose) and clay matrix-supported (wacke, shale) rocks. Finally, a strong correlation between porosity and permeability of clean arenites is weakened somewhat in arenites. Nonetheless, even in the latter case, an order of magnitude accuracy in permeability assessment based on porosity can be achieved.