gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary structural optimization for connection topology design of multi‐component systems (2001)

Most engineering products contain more than one component or structural element, a consideration that needs to be appreciated during the design process and beyond, to manufacturing, transportation, storage and maintenance. The allocation and design of component interconnections (such as bolts, rivets, or springs, spot‐welds, adhesives, others) usually play a crucial role in the design of the entire multi‐component system. This paper extends the evolutionary structural optimization method to the generic design problems of connection topology. The proposed approach consists of a simple cycle of a finite element analysis followed by a rule‐driven element removal process. To make the interconnection elements carry as close to uniform a load as possible, a “fully stressed” design criterion is adopted. To determine the presence and absence of the interconnection elements, the usage efficiencies of fastener elements are estimated in terms of their relative stress levels. This avoids the use of gradient‐based optimization algorithms and allows designers to readily seek an optimization of connection topology, which can be implemented in their familiar CAD/CAE design platforms. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed procedure, a number of design examples are presented in this paper.
The presentation and evaluation of a video based, six degree-of-freedom approach for analyzing human motion (1988)

An evaluation is presented of the measurement accuracy of a video-based procedure for analyzing the motion of rigid bodies for eventual application to human motion. The procedure, named MOVE3D, evaluates six-degree-of-freedom motion by monitoring the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of at least three noncollinear target markers per segment and then applying the principles of rigid body mechanics. A five-camera Vicon system, an AMTI force plate, and AMASS reduction software were used to supply the input for MOVE3D. A pendular test apparatus, synchronized to the system and mounted on the force plate, was used to produce known motions. Time histories for the five measured parameters were collected over five trials and demonstrated that a video-based data collection system can be used to measure accurately the parameters which characterize the motion of rigid bodies.< <ETX>></ETX>
Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a monoterpene: evaluation of antifungal potential by DNA microarray analysis (2004)

Plant-derived essential oils with monoterpenoids have been used as antifungal drugs since ancient times, but the mode of action of these natural hydrocarbons at the molecular level is not understood. In order to understand the mechanisms of toxicity of alpha-terpinene (a cyclic monoterpene), a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was exposed to 0.02% alpha-terpinene for 2 h and transcript profiles were obtained using yeast DNA arrays. These profiles, when compared with transcript profiles of untreated cultures, revealed that the expression of 793 genes was affected. For 435 genes, mRNA levels in treated cells compared with control cells differed by more than two-fold, whereas for 358 genes, it was <0.5-fold. Northern blots were performed for selected genes to verify the microarray results. Functional analysis of the up-regulated genes indicates that, similar to commonly used antifungal drugs, alpha-terpinene exposure affected genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and sterol uptake. In addition, transcriptional induction of genes related to lipid metabolism, cell wall structure and function, detoxification and cellular transport was observed in response to terpinene toxicity. Notably, the functions of 192 up-regulated genes are still unknown, but their characterization will probably shed light on the mechanisms of drug resistance and sensitivity. Taken together, this study showed that alpha-terpinene has strong antifungal activities and its modes of action resemble those of presently used antifungal drugs.
Immunomodulation and remyelination: two aspects of human polyclonal immunoglobulin treatment in immune mediated neuropathies? (1997)

Intravenous immunoglobulin is used in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the peripheral as well as the central nervous system. It is not known which mechanism(s) accounts for the beneficial effect observed in these diseases. The immunomodulatory effects of IVIg in two different models of T and B cell activation were investigated. IVIg inhibited a predominantly cellular immune response of the Th 1 type, which was partially reversed by addition of Th 1 cytokines. In contrast, in a model, which leads to B cell differentiation and antibody production, a synergistic stimulatory effect of IVIg and Th2 cytokines was observed. The ability of IVIg to interfere with cell proliferation and to manipulate the Th1/Th2 profile will have consequences for the induction, character, and amplification of an immune response. Apart from the immunomodulatory effects, evidence shows that IVIg promote remyelination not only by abrogation of the auto-immune attack but also by an effect on glial cells. We showed that IVIg induce growth arrest of normal human fibroblasts and Schwann cells. In fibroblasts this growth arrest is accompanied by upregulation of GAS-3/PMP-22 mRNA. The implications of this finding are discussed. Further studies in human Schwann cells are imperative to prove the hypothesis that IVIg directly stimulates remyelination.
Applying blockchain technology for hyperconnected logistics (2017)

Blockchain technology receives a lot of interest and investments the last three years. It promises a trusted environment for (un)permissioned data sharing. With respect to logistics, enterprises and authorities can (near) real time share state information. Whenever a stakeholder changes the state of one or more objects like discharging a container from a vessel, all that have access will know this change instantaneously. The Physical Internet requires a large variety of stakeholders to optimize their capacity utilization and combine shipments with the objective to reduce costs and emissions compliant with (inter)national regulations. These stakeholders all need to collaborate and share data to reach these objectives. This contribution shows by means of a case that blockchain supports functional requirements for hyperconnectivity, but is not yet mature enough for large scale application by a large number of (autonomous) objects, individuals, and organizations.
Variability in the adsorption properties of microtitre plates used as solid supports in enzyme immunoassay. (1980)

Abstract We evaluated the variability in the amount of protein adsorbed onto the surface of individual wells of an assortment of microtitre plates by use of procedures involving enzyme-protein conjugates. Coefficients of variation in adsorbed protein ranged from 5.2 to 29.5%. Microtitre plates show a distinct “edge effect”; wells at the edges of a plate adsorb more protein than those in the interior, which markedly affects results from immunoassays involving such plates. In a sandwich enzyme immunoassay the results for an individual sample varied by +/− 18%; in a competitive assay, values read from different calibration curves in the same plate varied by +/− 11%. Scanning electron microscopy and birefringence studies demonstrated no marked physical differences between individual wells on a plate. The variability in the amount of protein adsorbed onto the surface of individual wells on the same microtitre plate seriously affects the reliability and interpretation of results of immunoassays in which such plates are used as solid supports.
Association between short-term effectiveness of statins and long-term adherence to lipid-lowering therapy (2005)

Greater reduction in LDL cholesterol levels during the first three months of statin therapy was associated with greater adherence to lipid-lowering drug therapy.
Binding assay for low molecular weight analytes based on reflectometry of absorbing molecules in porous substrates (2014)

Small molecule sensing is of great importance in pharmaceutical research. While there exist well established screening methods such as EMSA (electrophoretic motility shift assay) or biointeraction chromatography to report on successful binding interactions, there are only a few techniques that allow studying and quantifying the interaction of low molecular weight analytes with a binding partner directly. We report on a binding assay for small molecules based on the reflectivity change of a porous transparent film upon immobilisation of an absorbing substance on the pore walls. The porous matrix acts as a thin optical transparent film to produce interference fringes and accumulates molecules at the inner wall to amplify the sensor response. The benefits and limits of the assay are demonstrated by investigating the binding of biotin labelled with an atto dye to avidin physisorbed within an anodic aluminium oxide membrane.
Unleashing the clinical power of T cells: CD19/CD3 bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct blinatumomab as a potential therapy (2014)

Multi-agent chemotherapy is the standard treatment for most B cell malignancies. Since chemotherapy can be associated with significant toxicity and since relapses resistant to chemotherapy often develop, new therapies are needed. Blinatumomab (AMG 103 or MT103) is a late-stage candidate in clinical development, which belongs to a novel class of antibody constructs termed bi-specific T cell engager antibodies. This antibody construct has dual specificity for CD19 and CD3 and can re-direct polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes toward the tumor. This review focuses on the pre-clinical and clinical development of blinatumomab as a powerful new tool in the treatment of B cell malignancies.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens -Mediated Transformation of Citrus Embryonic Cells (2002)

Two clones resistant to kanamycine were obtained in MT+Km 90 mg·L -1 medium from citrus embryonic cell suspensions after Agrobacterium tumefanciens -mediated transformation. Several shoots regenerated from these clones resistant to kanamycine(90 mg·L -1 ). Integration of cecropin D gene into these shoots genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot. The efficiency of transformation was markedly increased by co-cultivation of citrus embryonic cells with Agrobacterium tumefanciens that was induced with 200 μmol·L -1 Acetosyringone(As). More clones resistant to kanamycine(90 mg·L -1 ) were obtained by the treatment of 2 days co-cultivation of citrus embryonic cells with Agrobacterium tumefanciens .
Geophysik des Planeten Mars (1978)

Dieses Kapitel enthält eine Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse über Gestalt, Achsstellung, Gravitation, Magnetfeld des Mars sowie über Druck- und Temperaturverteilung auf der Oberfläche des Planeten. Die Daten stammen teils aus neueren erdgebundenen Beobachtungen, teils von den aktiven und passiven Experimenten amerikanischer und sowjetischer Raumflugkörper.
The Influence of Huntingtin Protein Size on Nuclear Localization and Cellular Toxicity (1998)

Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the pathological expansion of a polyglutamine tract. In this study we directly assess the influence of protein size on the formation and subcellular localization of huntingtin aggregates. We have created numerous deletion constructs expressing successively smaller fragments of huntingtin and show that these smaller proteins containing 128 glutamines form both intranuclear and perinuclear aggregates. In contrast, larger NH2-terminal fragments of huntingtin proteins with 128 glutamines form exclusively perinuclear aggregates. These aggregates can form in the absence of endogenous huntingtin. Furthermore, expression of mutant huntingtin results in increased susceptibility to apoptotic stress that is greater with decreasing protein length and increasing polyglutamine size. As both intranuclear and perinuclear aggregates are clearly associated with increased cellular toxicity, this supports an important role for toxic polyglutamine-containing fragments forming aggregates and playing a key role in the pathogenesis of Huntington disease.
Structure Optimization of a Bi-planar Parallel Mechanism for Spine Surgeries (2015)

Due to the urgent needs for high precision surgical equipments in minimally invasive spine surgeries, a novel robot-assisted system for the accurate placement of pedicle screws in lumbar spinal surgeries is developed. The structure design of the robot is based on a macro-micro mechanism, which includes a serial mechanism and a bi-planar 5R parallel mechanism. The researchable workspace, kinematic model and dynamic model of the planar 5R mechanism are analyzed, based on which the links lengths of 5R mechanisms are optimized. This paper provides a reference for the structure design of new medical robots for minimally invasive spine surgeries.
A general synthesis of 2,5‐diaryl‐4‐chloro (or bromo)oxazoles (1977)

Abstract Reaction between acyleyanides (ArCOCN) and aldehydes (ArCHO) in the presence of ether and hydrogen chloride (or hydrogen bromide) gives good yields of 2,5‐diaryl‐4‐chloro (or bromo)oxazoles ( 2 ).
Embedding an Online Career Development Program into Student Learning (2010)

The Career Development Program is a nationally recognised, award-winning student-centred program designed to deal with the three university-wide learning and teaching initiatives: Transitions In; Work Integrated Learning; and Transitions Out. The program is oriented to preparing students for university; planning for and taking advantage of ‘real world’ workplace learning experiences during their studies; and preparing them for their professional careers. In response to 21st-century learners' needs and learning preferences the program comprises 30 unique online, interactive modules, which nest within a clear, concise, defensible organisational structure across six individual programs. The program is designed to attract, retain and graduate students who reflect a confident, informed and self-managed approach to ‘real world’ learning and successful employment. The flexibility of the program is designed to maximise student engagement through all stages of a student's higher education and life experiences.
Efficacy of treatment with the iron (III) complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in mice and primates inoculated with live lethal dose 100 Escherichia coli. (1996)

The iron (III) complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA iron [III]) protected mice and baboons from the lethal effects of an infusion with live LD100 Escherichia coli. In mice, optimal results were obtained when DTPA iron (III) was administered two or more hours after infection. Prevention of death occurred in spite of the fact that the adverse effects of TNF-alpha were well underway in the mouse model. The half-life of DTPA iron (III) was 51 +/- 9 min in normal baboons; primary clearance was consistent with glomerular filtration. In septic baboons, survival was observed after administration of two doses of DTPA iron (III) at 2.125 mg/kg, the first one given before, or as late as 2 h after, severe hypotension. Administration of DTPA iron (III) did not alter mean systemic arterial pressure, but did protect baboons in the presence of high levels of TNF-alpha and free radical overproduction. Furthermore, exaggerated production of nitric oxide was attenuated. The mechanism of protection with DTPA iron (III) is not obvious. Because of its ability to interact in vitro with free radicals, its poor cell permeability, and its short half-life, we postulate that DTPA iron (III) and/or its reduced form may have protected the mice and baboons by sequestration and subsequent elimination of free radicals (including nitric oxide) from their systems.
Phage display identifies thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase as novel protein kinase C-interacting proteins: thioredoxin inhibits protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of histone (1999)

Using phage display we identify the redox proteins thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as novel protein kinase C (PKC)-interacting proteins. Overlay assays demonstrated that PKC bound to immobilized thioredoxin, providing supporting evidence for the phage display results. Kinase assays demonstrated that SOD and thioredoxin were not direct substrates for PKC but that both proteins blocked autophosphorylation of PKC. Moreover, thioredoxin inhibited PKC-mediated phosphorylation of histone (IC(50) of approx. 20 ng/ml).
Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId (2002)

Deficiency of the Golgi enzyme UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I (beta4GalT I) (E.C.2.4.1.38) causes a new congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), designated type IId (CDG-IId), a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy, and blood-clotting defects. Analysis of oligosaccharides from serum transferrin by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and lectin binding revealed the loss of sialic acid and galactose residues. In skin fibroblasts and leukocytes, galactosyltransferase activity was reduced to 5% that of controls. In fibroblasts, a truncated polypeptide was detected that was about 12 kDa smaller in size than wild-type beta4GalT I and that failed to localize to the Golgi apparatus. Sequencing of the beta4GalT I cDNA and gene revealed an insertion of a single nucleotide (1031-1032insC) leading to premature translation stop and loss of the C-terminal 50 amino acids of the enzyme. The patient was homozygous and his parents heterozygous for this mutation. Expression of a corresponding mutant cDNA in COS-7 cells led to the synthesis of a truncated, inactive polypeptide, which localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
중국철학 : 『논어』와 유의 의학의 상관성 (2003)

본 논문은 儒醫의학의 유학적 속성이 『論語』라는 유학의 기본 경전과 어떠한 상관성이 있는 가를 논의한 것이다. 의학의 기원이 도가·도교적 배경을 가지고 있지만, 宋代 이후 儒醫들의 출현은 『論語』의 의학적 해석을 가능케 하였다. 『論語』의 仁의 의미가 儒醫들의 仁術이라는 개념을 출현케 하였고 博施濟衆과 孝라는 仁의 실천 덕목은 의학의 존립목적이 되기도 하였다. 이는 『論語』가 지향하는 생명론이 도덕적 함의를 중심으로 하고 있고 생명의 도덕적 해석을 바탕으로 형기적 문제를 보고자 함에도 그 연원이 있다. 그러므로 『論語』는 儒醫 의학의 의미를 이해하는데 중요한 기준이 된다. 이는 儒醫들이 지향하는 心性修養 중심의 의학과 『論語』는 일맥상통하는 부분을 가지기 때문이다. 儒醫들의 의학은 儒學의 節慾養生의 의미를 의학적으로 전개하는데, 욕구와 감정의 절제를 주장하는 『論語』에 맥이 닿아 있다. 『論語』가 추구하였던 것은 인간과 자연 그리고 사회의 도덕주체의 확립이며 儒醫들은 그러한 점을 의학적으로 전개하고자 하였다. 인간생명에 대한 의학적 탐구는 과학기술의 영역으로만 국한되어서는 곤란하다. 인간 생명의 도덕적 의미를 유추하고 이를 바탕으로 인간의 신체를 해석하는 의학의 문화적-도덕적 분석도 과학적 영역 못지 않게 중요시되어야 함을 『論語』와 ‘儒醫’를 통하여 확인할 수 있다.
Anti-inflammatory mediators as physiological and pharmacological regulators of parturition (2011)

Increasing evidence highlights parturition as an inflammatory event characterized by leukocyte influx and proinflammatory mediator production in the intrauterine environment. While the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of this inflammatory cascade are not well understood, it is clear that these inflammatory events must be tightly regulated as the premature activation of these inflammatory signals is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm labor, which is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In this article we highlight the importance of anti-inflammatory factors in regulating the inflammatory events surrounding parturition and discuss the use of anti-inflammatory mediators as potential novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammation-induced preterm labor.
The versatile size analyzing nuclei counter-vSANC (2013)

We present a newly developed expansion chamber condensation particle counter-the versatile Size Analyzing Nuclei Counter (vSANC)-applicable for both laboratory as well as field measurements. The vSANC was optimized to achieve high flexibility in investigating aerosol particles from diameters of 1-2nm upwards at temperatures ranging from -20°C to +40°C and gas pressures ranging from 0.2 bar to 1.2 bar. The operation is based on heterogeneous nucleation of well-defined uniform supersaturated vapor on particles and subsequent droplet growth. Thereby particles, which are initially too small to be detected, grow to visible sizes. Starting from diameters of about 120nm they can be observed with an optical detection method-the multiple Constant Angle Mie Scattering method. This enables automated determination of droplet growth rates for precision verification of vapor supersaturation ranging from 5% up to the limit of homogeneous nucleation as well as absolute number concentrations ranging from 50/cc to 107/cc, independent from the aerosol flow.
Size Dependence of a Temperature-Induced Solid–Solid Phase Transition in Copper(I) Sulfide (2011)

Determination of the phase diagrams for the nanocrystalline forms of materials is crucial for our understanding of nanostructures and the design of functional materials using nanoscale building blocks. The ability to study such transformations in nanomaterials with controlled shape offers further insight into transition mechanisms and the influence of particular facets. Here we present an investigation of the size-dependent, temperature-induced solid–solid phase transition in copper sulfide nanorods from low- to high-chalcocite. We find the transition temperature to be substantially reduced, with the high chalcocite phase appearing in the smallest nanocrystals at temperatures so low that they are typical of photovoltaic operation. Size dependence in phase transformations suggests the possibility of accessing morphologies that are not found in bulk solids under ambient conditions. These otherwise inaccessible crystal phases could enable higher-performing materials in a range of applications, including sensing, switching, lighting, and photovoltaics.
Studies of inhibition of rat spermidine synthase and spermine synthase (1980)

1. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, 5'-methylthioadenosine and a number of analogues having changes in the base, sugar or amino acid portions of the molecule were tested as potential inhibitors of spermidine synthase and spermine synthase from rat ventral prostate. 2. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine was inhibitory to these reactions, as were other nucleosides containing a sulphonium centre. The most active of these were S-adenosyl-l-ethionine, S-adenosyl-4-methylthiobutyric acid, S-adenosyl-d-methionine and S-tubercidinylmethionine, which were all comparable in activity with S-adenosylmethionine itself, producing 70-98% inhibition at 1mm concentrations. Spermine synthase was somewhat more sensitive than spermidine synthase. 3. 5'-Methylthioadenosine, 5'-ethylthioadenosine and 5'-methylthiotubercidin were all powerful inhibitors of both enzymes, giving 50% inhibition of spermine synthase at 10-15mum and 50% inhibition of spermidine synthase at 30-45mum. 4. S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine was a weak inhibitor of spermine synthase and practically inactive against spermidine synthase. Analogues of S-adenosylhomocysteine lacking either the carboxy or the amino group of the amino acid portion were somewhat more active, as were derivatives in which the ribose ring had been opened by oxidation. The sulphoxide and sulphone derivatives of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine and the sulphone of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine were quite potent inhibitors and were particularly active against spermidine synthase (giving 50% inhibition at 380, 50 and 20mum respectively). 5. These results are discussed in terms of the possible regulation of polyamine synthesis by endogenous nucleosides and the possible value of some of the inhibitory substances in experimental manipulations of polyamine concentrations. It is suggested that 5'-methylthiotubercidin and the sulphone of S-adenosylhomocysteine or of S-adenosyl-3-thiopropylamine may be particularly valuable in this respect.