gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Crack Trapping by Residual Stresses in Brittle Solids (1993)

The residual stress distribution in a brittle polycrystalline solid may have a significant influence on its toughness. Grains in a state of residual compression are less likely to be fractured by a growing crack and may trap the crack front or be left behind as bridging particles (Evans et al., 1977). This paper estimates the toughness enhancement due to intergranular residual stresses, using a three-dimensional model. The residual stress is approximated as a doubly sinusoidal distribution acting perpendicular to the plane of an initially straight semi-infinite crack. An incremental perturbation method developed by Bower and Ortiz (1990) for solving three-dimensional crack problems is extended here to cracks loaded by nonuniform remote stresses. It is used to calculate the shape of the semi-infinite crack as it propagates through the doubly sinusoidal residual stress. It is shown that the local regions of compression may trap the crack front and give rise to some transient toughening. In addition, if the residual stress exceeds a critical magnitude, pinning particles may be left in the crack wake. However, for practical values of residual stress and grain size, the predicted toughness enhancement is insignificant. Furthermore, the analysis cannot account for the large bridging zones observed in experiments. It is concluded that the R-curve behavior and bridging particles observed in monolithic ceramics are caused by mechanisms other than residual stresses acting perpendicular to the crack plane.
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Detection System for Liquid Chromatography (1979)

A simultaneous multi-wavelength detection system for liquid chromatography is described. The system consists of a rapid scan spectrometer with a UV silicon vidicon target as radiant energy detector, a minicomputer, a programming language, and the requisite chromatographic hardware. Algorithms required for a real-time data processing capability are described. Multi-wavelength data retained during a chromatographic separation are summarized as an absorbance-wavelength-time surface. The ability to identify components unresolved by the chromatographic column is demonstrated. Solutes unresolved by the column can be quantitated with a precision and accuracy equal to that observed for solutes resolved by the column. The use of this detection system to qualitatively assess compositional changes in a coal derived oil as a function of process, as well as the limitations of the system and required improvements are discussed.
Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with Boxing (2000)

Chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) associated with boxing occurs in approximately 20% of professional boxers. Risk factors associated with CTBI include increased exposure (i.e., duration of career, age of retirement, total number of bouts), poor performance, increased sparring, and apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype. Clinically, boxers exhibiting CTBI will present with varying degrees of motor, cognitive, and/or behavioral impairments. The severe form of CTBI is referred to as dementia pugilistica. The diagnosis of CTBI is dependent upon documenting a progressive neurological condition that is consistent with the clinical symptomatology of CTBI attributable to brain trauma and unexplainable by an alternative pathophysiological process. Pathologically, CTBI shares many characteristics with Alzheimer's disease (i.e., neurofibrillary triangles, diffuse amyloid plaques, acetylcholine deficiency, and/or tau immunoreactivity). The mainstay of treatment of CTBI is prevention, however medications used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and/or parkinsonism may be utilized.
Mining Health Models for Performance Monitoring of Services (2009)

Online services such as search and live applications rely on large infrastructures in data centers, consisting of both stateless servers (e.g., web servers) and stateful servers (e.g., database servers). Acceptable performance of such infrastructures, and hence the availability of online services, rely on a very large number of parameters such as per-process resources and configurable system/application parameters. These parameters are available for collection as performance counters distributed across various machines, but services have had a hard time determining which performance counters to monitor and what thresholds to use for performance alarms in a production environment. In this paper, we present a novel framework called PerfAnalyzer, a storage-efficient and pro-active performance monitoring framework for correlating service health with performance counters. PerfAnalyzer automatically infers and builds health models for any service by running the standard suite of predeployment tests for the service and data mining the resulting performance counter data-set. A filtered set of performance counters and thresholds of alarms are produced by our framework. The health model inferred by our framework can then be used to detect performance degradation and collect detailed data for root-cause analysis in a production environment. We have applied PerfAnalyzer on five simple stress scenarios - CPU, memory, I/O, disk, and network, and two real system - Microsoft's SQL Server 2005 and IIS 7.0 Web Server, with promising results.
The cytocomputer (1980)

This paper presents a new architecture for image processing. It consists of a pipeline of identical programmable serial processing stages, referred to as a cytocomputer. Comparisons are made between cytocomputer and parallel array systems. Cytocomputer systems are shown generally to possess the advantages of lower complexity, high bandwidth and greater architectural flexibility. A first generation system is described and examples of processing are illustrated. Finally, current development efforts are described.
Morphology and Thermal Stability of Me-Si-N (Me=Re, W, Ta) for Microelectronics (1995)

Low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of Me-Si-N (Me= Re, W, Ta) thin films were investigated for use as diffusion barrier between Cu overlayer and oxidized silicon substrates. Their "amorphous" or nanocrystalline structure is expected to provide better performance than usual polycrystalline barriers. For the CVD process, gaseous precursors were silane, in situ fabricated metal chloride, ammonia, hydrogen and argon. Preliminary thermodynamic simulations of the Me-Si-N and the CVD Me-Si-N-Cl-H-Ar systems (Me=Re, W, Ta), were combined to the experimental study. The Re-Si-N and W-Si-N layers crystallization temperature was found to be around 1173 K after annealing in vacuum by Rapid Thermal Annealing. Their morphology, thermal stability and resistivity were evaluated as a function of annealing temperature.
Workshops on using the GPS method to determine curve advisory speeds. (2009)

Curve warning signs are intended to improve curve safety by alerting the driver to a change in geometry that may not be apparent or expected. However, several research projects conducted in the last 20 years have consistently shown that drivers are not responding to curve warning signs or complying with advisory speed plaques. A new engineering study method was developed to improve consistency in curve signing and driver compliance with advisory speeds. This report documents two activities that were conducted to promote implementation of the new method. One activity is the development of a software program to measure curve geometry while driving through the curve. The geometric data are then used to determine an appropriate curve advisory speed and to select effective, curve-related traffic control devices. The second activity for this project was a series of workshops that described use of the new method. The workshop provided a mixture of classroom discussion and hands-on training activities for the participants. The workshop participants generally indicated that they believed the new method would benefit their districts and looked forward to implementing it. Recommendations for future research in this area were identified.
Grinding Acoustic Emission Classification in Terms of Mechanical Behaviours (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Endocan Expression and Relationship with Survival in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

Endocan is overexpressed in non-small cell lung tumors compared with healthy lung and probably represents a response of tumoral endothelium to proangiogenic growth factor stimulation. Circulating levels of endocan might reflect tumor angiogenic stimulation and present prognostic significance.
Identification of Host Cytosolic Sensors and Bacterial Factors Regulating the Type I Interferon Response to Legionella pneumophila (2009)

Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that replicates in host macrophages and causes a severe pneumonia called Legionnaires' Disease. The innate immune response to L. pneumophila remains poorly understood. Here we focused on identifying host and bacterial factors involved in the production of type I interferons (IFN) in response to L. pneumophila. It was previously suggested that the delivery of L. pneumophila DNA to the host cell cytosol is the primary signal that induces the type I IFN response. However, our data are not easily reconciled with this model. We provide genetic evidence that two RNA-sensing proteins, RIG-I and MDA5, participate in the IFN response to L. pneumophila. Importantly, these sensors do not seem to be required for the IFN response to L. pneumophila DNA, whereas we found that RIG-I was required for the response to L. pneumophila RNA. Thus, we hypothesize that bacterial RNA, or perhaps an induced host RNA, is the primary stimulus inducing the IFN response to L. pneumophila. Our study also identified a secreted effector protein, SdhA, as a key suppressor of the IFN response to L. pneumophila. Although viral suppressors of cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways have been previously identified, analogous bacterial factors have not been described. Thus, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which an intracellular bacterial pathogen activates and also represses innate immune responses.
Membrane expansion alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress independently of the unfolded protein response (2009)

Cells constantly adjust the sizes and shapes of their organelles according to need. In this study, we examine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane expansion during the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that membrane expansion occurs through the generation of ER sheets, requires UPR signaling, and is driven by lipid biosynthesis. Uncoupling ER size control and the UPR reveals that membrane expansion alleviates ER stress independently of an increase in ER chaperone levels. Converting the sheets of the expanded ER into tubules by reticulon overexpression does not affect the ability of cells to cope with ER stress, showing that ER size rather than shape is the key factor. Thus, increasing ER size through membrane synthesis is an integral yet distinct part of the cellular program to overcome ER stress.
Practical Issues with Commercial Use of Federated Databases (1996)

Virtually all large enterprises have data stored in many databases. Often these databases are heterogeneous in terms of vendor, version, architecture, and capability. Federated databases, such as IBM’s Da&Joiner, are being used to provide rapid, cost effective access to this data across a variety of business types.
Highly Enantioselective Carbonyl-ene Reactions Catalyzed by a Hindered Silyl−Salen−Cobalt Complex (2007)

We report here the enantioselective carbonyl-ene reactions of various 1,1-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes with ethyl glyoxylate. The reactions are catalyzed by a new Co-salen complex, in which bulky triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) substituents occupy the positions ortho to the phenolic oxygens. This complex catalyzes the reactions under nearly ideal conditions - at room temperature and using catalyst loadings as low as 0.1 mol % - and provides the chiral, homoallylic alcohol products in excellent yields, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities.
Detection, prevention and direct post-operative intervention in orthopaedic implant infection (2007)

In modern medicine, biomaterials are increasingly used to support or restore human body function. A biomaterial can be defined as man-made material designed to interact with living tissue or with body fluid. Joint prostheses, heart valves, external fixator pins, catheters, and contact lenses can all be considered examples of successful applications of biomaterials. Despite the fact that biomaterials have led to great improvements in medicine, they all have one thing in common: they tend to attract infectious micro-organisms leading to the occurrence of biomaterial-associated infections. The biomaterial itself then has become the focus of infection. These infections are mainly caused by direct contamination during surgery, but they can also be caused by haematogenous spread of bacteria from an infection site somewhere else in the human body. The clinically important step of bacterial attachment to the surface of a biomaterial is then followed by aggregation of other bacteria and growing of the bacteria, resulting in biofilm formation. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the reasons for diagnostic problems of infection in total joint prostheses in a University Hospital setting. Diagnostic problems are analyzed during the work up for revision surgery as well as during the peri-operative hospital stay after primary hip replacement. A possible method of preventing clinical signs of infection of a percutaneous orthopaedic implant, which is even more susceptible to infection than totally internal implants, is investigated in an animal model.
Stimulation of an exocytotic event, the hamster sperm acrosome reaction, by <i>cis</i>‐unsaturated fatty acids (1983)

The cis-unsaturated fatty acids oleic, arachidonic and cis-vaccenic stimulated the hamster sperm acrosome reaction in vitro (an exocytotic event which occurs in the sperm head and which is essential for fertilization). The trans-isomers of oleic and vaccenic acids did not stimulate the acrosome reaction, nor did the cis-unsaturated fatty acids petroselenic and docosahexaenoic or the saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic or stearic. This is the first report of a stimulatory effect of cis-unsaturated fatty acids on an exocytic event in an intact viable cell.
Crossed Renal Ectopia (1936)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1936Crossed Renal Ectopia Morton M. Mayers Morton M. MayersMorton M. Mayers More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72104-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1936 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBoatman D, Culp D, Culp D and Flocks R (2018) Crossed Renal EctopiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 108, NO. 1, (30-31), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1972.Lee H (2018) Crossed Unfused Renal Ectopia with TumorJournal of Urology, VOL. 61, NO. 2, (333-339), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1949.Langworthy H and Drexler L (2018) Carcinoma in Crossed Renal EctopiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 47, NO. 6, (776-783), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1942.Harris A (2018) Renal Ectopia—Special Reference to Crossed Ectopia without FusionJournal of Urology, VOL. 42, NO. 6, (1051-1068), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1939.Beer E and Ferber W (2018) Crossed Renal Ectopia (Unilateral, Fused or Elongated Kidney): With Report of Fourteen Cases Clinically Diagnosed and Two Cases Encountered at Autopsy during the Past Eighteen YearsJournal of Urology, VOL. 38, NO. 6, (541-561), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1937. Volume 36Issue 2August 1936Page: 111-122 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1936 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Morton M. Mayers More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Studies on the role of the phi X174 gene A protein in phi X174 viral strand synthesis. III. Replication of DNA containing two viral replication origins. (1988)

Supercoiled plasmid bearing two wild-type phi X origin sequences on the same strand supported the phi X A protein-dependent in vitro formation of two smaller single-stranded circles, the lengths of which were equivalent to the distance between the two origins. Additional double origin plasmids were utilized to determine whether origins defective in the initial nicking event (initiation) could support circularization (termination). In all cases tested, the presence of a mutant origin on the same strand with a wild-type origin affected the level of replication in a manner consistent with the previously determined activity of the mutant origin. When a functional mutant origin was present on the same strand as a wild-type origin, the efficiency of replication and the DNA products formed were almost identical to those of the plasmid containing two wild-type origins. Plasmid DNA bearing both a wild-type origin and a mutant origin that did not support phi X A protein binding or nicking activity, on the other hand, supported efficient DNA synthesis of only full-length circular products, indicating that the origin defective for initiation was incapable of supporting termination. In contrast, the presence of a wild-type origin and an origin that did bind the phi X A protein but was not cleaved resulted in a marked decrease in DNA synthesis along with the production of only full-length products. This suggests that the phi X A protein stalls when it encounters a sequence to which it can bind but cannot cleave. Replication of double origin plasmids containing one functional phi X origin on each strand of the supercoiled DNA was also examined. With such templates, synthesis from the wild-type origin predominated, indicating preferential cleavage of the intact origin sequence. Replication of such substrates also produced a number of aberrant structures, the properties of which suggested that interstrand exchange of the phi X A protein had occurred.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Actuating Microparticles from a Thiol-Ene Based Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomer (2016)

In this article the microfluidic synthesis of strongly actuating particles on the basis of a liquid crystalline main-chain elastomer is presented. The synthesis is carried out in a capillary-based co-flow microreactor by photo-initiated thiol-ene click chemistry of a liquid crystalline monomer mixture. These microparticles exhibit a deformation from a spherical to a rod-like shape during the thermal-initiated phase transition of the liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) at which the particles' aspect ratio is almost doubled. Repeated contraction cycles confirm the complete reversibility of the particles' actuation properties. The transition temperature of the LCE, the temperature range of the actuation process as well as the magnitude of the particles' aspect ratio change are studied and controlled by the systematic variation of the liquid crystalline crosslinker content in the monomer mixture. Especially the variable actuation properties of these stimuli-responsive microparticles enable the possibility of an application as soft actuators or sensors.
π‐Conjugated Microporous Polymer Films: Designed Synthesis, Conducting Properties, and Photoenergy Conversions (2015)

Abstract Conjugated microporous polymers are a unique class of polymers that combine extended π‐conjugation with inherent porosity. However, these polymers are synthesized through solution‐phase reactions to yield insoluble and unprocessable solids, which preclude not only the evaluation of their conducting properties but also the fabrication of thin films for device implementation. Here, we report a strategy for the synthesis of thin films of π‐conjugated microporous polymers by designing thiophene‐based electropolymerization at the solution–electrode interface. High‐quality films are prepared on a large area of various electrodes, the film thickness is controllable, and the films are used for device fabrication. These films are outstanding hole conductors and, upon incorporation of fullerenes into the pores, function as highly efficient photoactive layers for energy conversions. Our film strategy may boost the applications in photocatalysis, energy storage, and optoelectronics.
Infections and the Guillain-Barre syndrome (1999)

It has long been textbook knowledge that in most patients an infective illness precedes the development of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). About two thirds of patients report symptoms of an upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract infection predating the disease by 1–4 weeks. Many diverse infectious agents have been incriminated as triggers of this acute polyradiculoneuropathy but only few larger scale and case controlled studies, so important in a disease with a low incidence of 1–2/100 000, have been published.1-3 Based on this evidence, infections with the gram negative enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni , cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are precipitants of GBS whereas other infections occur no more often in this neuropathy than in controls. The agent most commonly associated with GBS is Campylobacter jejuni . In most parts of the western world, the frequency is around 33%, whereas in China and Japan, this figure is around 45-60%.3-5 CMV has been identified as the predominant viral cause of an infective …
Progress in aircraft aerials (1962)

Aircraft aerials must satisfy severe environmental and aerodynamic conditions, besides meeting particular electrical requirements. These conditions are discussed in the paper, and solutions shown to some of the problems. In particular, aerials for h.f. and v.h.f. communication and v.h.f. navigation systems are described. Problems associated with aerial systems for automatic landing equipments are discussed, and a number of solutions are proposed. At this stage, virtually the beginning of multiple systems, it is improbable that the solutions proposed will be final.The basic problems of v.h.f. aerial siting have not been discussed fully, but references are given to other papers on this aspect of the subject. No attempt has been made to describe aerials for l.f. navigation aids, or centimetric aerial systems whose requirements can generally be considered apart from the aircraft.
Adaptive classification and control-rule optimisation via a learning algorithm for controlling a dynamic system (2002)

The authors present a control-rule optimizing algorithm. They describe a learning algorithm, for controlling a dynamic system, in which an incremental version of the genetic algorithm is used to learn classification of the state-space of process control while a batch version of the genetic algorithm is used to optimize a set of control actions. The dynamic system chosen was a motor-driven cart on which a pole was mounted. The learning algorithm for controlling a cart-pole balancing system has been implemented by using a real-time parallel computation architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>