gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum Alloy and Steel by Resistance Spot Welding (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study concerns a dissimilar materials joining technique for aluminum (Al) alloys and steel for the purpose of reducing the vehicle body weight. The tough oxide layer on the Al alloy surface and the ability to control the Fe-Al intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness are issues that have so far complicated the joining of Al alloys and steel.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Removing the oxide layer has required a high heat input, resulting in the formation of a thick Fe-Al IMC layer at the joint interface, making it impossible to obtain satisfactory joint strength. To avoid that problem, we propose a unique joining concept that removes the oxide layer at low temperature by using the eutectic reaction between Al in the Al alloy and zinc (Zn) in the coating on galvanized steel (GI) and galvannealed steel (GA). This makes it possible to form a thin, uniform Fe-Al IMC layer at the joint interface.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Welded joints of dissimilar materials require anticorrosion performance against electrochemical corrosion. A seal spot welding process is proposed here as a solution to that issue. Tests conducted on seal spot-welded joints showed that they provide both the required static tensile properties and anticorrosion performance. In addition to static tensile properties, seal spot-welded joints also satisfy all the other performance requirements for vehicle application, including fatigue properties, high-speed tensile properties, low- and high-temperature tensile properties and anticorrosion performance. The seal spot welding process also has ample tolerance and excellent robustness against production variabilities such as the gaps between body panels and misalignment of the electrode angle.</div>
High speed high accuracy motion detection and tracking on the parallel pipelined projection engine (2003)

Summary form only given. The use of the Radon transform in analyzing single image frames has been demonstrated to yield accurate and robust detection of straight edges in the presence of noise, variable light conditions, and various texture disturbances near those edges. The possibility of using similar ideas for high-accuracy detection and tracking of motion in the image is being explored. When tracking pure translation, the algorithm commences with an initialization phase. Projections are taken through a range of 180 degrees , and a search in projection space for dominant linear features is performed. With a priori knowledge, this initial search can be reduced and a particular object of interest can be recognized in the projection domain. When tracking pure rotation, an initialization phase is again employed. For each subsequent image frame, M orientation angles are investigated, where M is the possible angular rotation between image frames divided by the desired resolution of angular orientation. M can be reduced by appropriate interpolation. The Radon transform is performed in real-time on an architecture called the parallel pipelined projection engine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-temperature buffer AlInAs/GaInAs on InP HEMT technology for ultra-high-speed integrated circuits (2003)

A report is presented on the development of a planar low-temperature buffer AlInAs/GaInAs on InP high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology for use in digital and analog integrated circuits. This technology is attractive for circuit applications because of the high achievable f/sub T/ and f/sub max/, low output conductance and gate leakage current, and reduced susceptibility to backgating effects. Two alternative logic families-UFL and SCFL (source-couple FET logic)-were chosen for the realization of digital circuits. Measurements on the UFL ring oscillators exhibited a minimum gate delay of 13 ps with a power dissipation of 1.1 mW/gate at room temperature. The gate delay rose to 25 ps when the power dissipation increased to 3 mW/gate. This gate delay is expected to drop significantly with reductions in diode level-shift series resistance and improvements in transistor f/sub T/. The most complex SCFL circuit tested was a divide-by-eight counter. The SCFL circuits were configured as flip-flops in the divide-by-eight mode. The circuit operated at a maximum clock rate of 12.5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Editing of Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded BART6 MicroRNAs Controls Their Dicer Targeting and Consequently Affects Viral Latency* (2010)

Certain primary transcripts of miRNA (pri-microRNAs) undergo RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome encodes multiple microRNA genes of its own. Here we report that primary transcripts of ebv-miR-BART6 (pri-miR-BART6) are edited in latently EBV-infected cells. Editing of wild-type pri-miR-BART6 RNAs dramatically reduced loading of miR-BART6-5p RNAs onto the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Editing of a mutation-containing pri-miR-BART6 found in Daudi Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma C666-1 cell lines suppressed processing of miR-BART6 RNAs. Most importantly, miR-BART6-5p RNAs silence Dicer through multiple target sites located in the 3'-UTR of Dicer mRNA. The significance of miR-BART6 was further investigated in cells in various stages of latency. We found that miR-BART6-5p RNAs suppress the EBNA2 viral oncogene required for transition from immunologically less responsive type I and type II latency to the more immunoreactive type III latency as well as Zta and Rta viral proteins essential for lytic replication, revealing the regulatory function of miR-BART6 in EBV infection and latency. Mutation and A-to-I editing appear to be adaptive mechanisms that antagonize miR-BART6 activities.
Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by high molecular weight kininogen. (1987)

1. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and cleavage of [3H]FSBA-labeled aggregin is mediated by platelet calpain. 2. Plasma HMWK inhibits platelet aggregation and cleavage of aggregin in intact platelets, indirectly by thrombin and directly by calpain. 3. Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by HMWK is specific for this proteolytic enzyme. 4. HMWK is the major inhibitor of thrombin-induced activation of platelets in plasma.
Analysis and application of subdivision surfaces (1996)

Subdivision surfaces are a convenient representation for modeling objects of arbitrary topological type. In this dissertation, we investigate the analysis of a piecewise smooth subdivision scheme, and we apply the scheme to reconstruct objects from non-uniformly sampled data points. Defined as the limit of repeated refinement of a mesh of 3D control points, subdivision surfaces require analysis to establish convergence to a well-defined, tangent plane smooth G1 surface. Recent research has focused on analyzing smooth surface schemes in which the rules are symmetrical about each vertex and edge. However, a scheme for creating surfaces with sharp features has rules that do not exhibit this symmetry. In this dissertation, we extend the use of eigenanalysis and characteristic maps to analyze a piecewise smoot...
THE COMPLETELY ORTHOGONALIZED LATIN SQUARE (1939)

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.
Reactivation of the p53 pathway as a treatment modality for KSHV-induced lymphomas (2007)

Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a non-Hodgkin type lymphoma manifesting as an effusion malignancy in the affected individual. Although KSHV has been recognized as a tumor virus for over a decade, the pathways for its tumorigenic conversion are incompletely understood, which has greatly hampered the development of efficient therapies for KSHV-induced malignancies like PEL and Kaposi's sarcoma. There are no current therapies effective against the aggressive, KSHV-induced PEL. Here we demonstrate that activation of the p53 pathway using murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitor Nutlin-3a conveyed specific and highly potent activation of PEL cell killing. Our results demonstrated that the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) bound to both p53 and MDM2 and that the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a disrupted the p53-MDM2-LANA complex and selectively induced massive apoptosis in PEL cells. Together with our results indicating that KSHV-infection activated DNA damage signaling, these findings contribute to the specificity of the cytotoxic effects of Nutlin-3a in KSHV-infected cells. Moreover, we showed that Nutlin-3a had striking antitumor activity in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our results therefore present new options for exploiting reactivation of p53 as what we believe to be a novel and highly selective treatment modality for this virally induced lymphoma.
A promising material for non-linear optics: observation of second harmonic generation from 4-[N-(4-carboxypentyl)-N-methylamino]-4′-nitrostilbene-coated substrates (1988)

J. W. Barton, M. Buhaenko, B. Moyle and N. M. Ratcliffe, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 488 DOI: 10.1039/C39880000488
Improvements in Sleep Quality Are Maintained at a Minimum of 2 Years Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (2020)

IV, therapeutic case series.
Filtered back-projection reconstruction technique for coherent-scatter computer tomography (2003)

For the first time, a reconstruction technique based on filtered back-projection (FBP) using curved 3D back-projection lines is applied to 2D coherent-scatter computed tomography (CSCT) projection data. It has been demonstrated, that CSCT yields information about the molecular structure of an object. So far, the acquired projection data are reconstructed with the help of algebraic reconstruction techniques. Due to the computational complexity of iterative reconstruction, these methods lead to relatively long reconstruction times. In this contribution, a reconstruction algorithm based on 3D FBP is introduced and tested with simulated projection data as well as with projection data acquired with a demonstrator setup similar to a multi-line CT scanner geometry. Within a fraction of computation time at least a comparable image quality is achieved when using FBP reconstruction. In addition, it has the advantage, that - in contrast to iterative reconstruction schemes - sub-field-of-view reconstruction becomes feasible. This allows a selective reconstruction of the scatter function for a region of interest. The method is based on a row by row high-pass filtering of the scatter data, with or without fan to parallel beam rebinning. The 3D back-projection is performed along curved lines through a volume defined by the in-plane spatial coordinates and the wave-vector transfer.
Avidity-Mediated Enhancement of <i>In vivo</i> Tumor Targeting by Single-Chain Fv Dimers (2006)

Radiolabeled single-chain Fv (sFv) molecules display highly specific tumor retention in the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model; however, the absolute quantity of sFv retained in the tumors is diminished by the rapid renal elimination resulting from the small size of the sFv molecules (Mr 27,000) and by dissociation of the monovalent sFv from tumor-associated antigen. We previously reported significant improvement in tumor retention without a loss of targeting specificity on converting monovalent sFv into divalent [(sFv')2] dimers, linked by a disulfide bond between COOH-terminal cysteinyl peptides engineered into the sFv'. However, our data for enhanced dimer localization in tumors could not distinguish between the contributions of enhanced avidity and increased systemic retention associated with the larger size of 54 kDa [(sFv')2] dimers relative to 27-kDa sFv. In this investigation, we have compared tumor targeting of divalent anti-c-erbB-2/HER2/neu 741F8-1 (sFv')2 homodimers with monovalent 741F8/26-10 (sFv')2 heterodimers (Mr 54,000) and 741F8 sFv monomers (741F8 sFv has binding specificity for erbB-2/HER2/neu and 26-10 sFv specificity for digoxin and related cardiac glycosides). These studies allowed us to distinguish the dominant effect of valency over molecular weight in accounting for the superior tumor retention of 741F8-1 (sFv')2 homodimers. Each of the radioiodinated species was administered i.v. to SCID mice bearing SK-OV-3 human tumor xenografts and tumor localization at 24 hours post i.v. injection was determined for 125I-741F8-1 (sFv')2 (3.57 %ID/g), 125I-741F8/26-10 (sFv')2 (1.13 %ID/g), and 125I-741F8-1 sFv (1.25 %ID/g). These findings substantiate that the improved tumor retention of (sFv')2 homodimers over sFv monomers results from the availability of dual binding sites rather than from the slower systemic clearance of homodimers.
Free electron lasers &#x2014; A historical perspective (2010)

From their beginnings in the microwave tube industry, free electron lasers have developed into high peak and average power devices with output wavelengths extending from the microwave regime to X-rays. This paper will review that development and point out trends for future advances.
Pupillary Escape in Disease of the Retina or Optic Nerve (1959)

Duke-Elder,<sup>1</sup>in discussing the clinical picture of optic neuritis, mentions "a peculiar pupillary reaction common to all forms of conduction interference, wherein, although both the direct and consensual reactions are present the contraction is not maintained under bright illumination so that the pupil slowly dilates again while the light is still kept upon the eye." This seemingly paradoxical light reaction of the pupil was observed in retrobulbar neuritis by Marcus Gunn (1904), who attributed it to the consensual reaction of the pupil to darkness. In this paper is presented a simple and sensitive method for demonstrating the Marcus Gunn sign and, also, a hypothesis to show that there is nothing peculiar or paradoxical about this pupillary reaction, which should be expected whenever the light sense is reduced by disease of the retina or optic nerve. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Assume that the pupillomotor impulses produced by visible light (and hence the stimuli
Resistance Welding Aluminum for Automotive Production (1977)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Serious pitfalls exist in assuming that aluminum can be reliably resistance spot welded in the “as received” mill finish or even in the chemically cleaned condition. A commercially feasible surface abrading process was developed to promote reliability with existing tooling even 90 days afterwards.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A weld reliability procedure was developed to evaluate process variables, various surface treatments, electrode materials and geometry. Comparative merits of AC and DC power were investigated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the advent of abraded surfaces, aluminum can now be resistance spot welded with confidence and the dreaded fast electrode fauling condition associated with mill finish surfaces can be substantially alleviated.</div>
A multiple sensor-based shoe-mounted user interface designed for navigation systems for the visually impaired (2010)

Assistive technology and assistive devices have been researched and developed to promote an independent daily life for visually impaired individuals. Navigation for the visually impaired may be one of the most challenging tasks due to high expectations on both the functionality and the mechanical sp
RNA Based Approaches to Profile Oncogenic Pathways From Low Quantity Samples to Drive Precision Oncology Strategies (2021)

Precision treatment of cancer requires knowledge on active tumor driving signal transduction pathways to select the optimal effective targeted treatment. Currently only a subset of patients derive clinical benefit from mutation based targeted treatment, due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms. Phenotypic assays to identify the tumor driving pathway based on protein analysis are difficult to multiplex on routine pathology samples. In contrast, the transcriptome contains information on signaling pathway activity and can complement genomic analyses. Here we present the validation and clinical application of a new knowledge-based mRNA-based diagnostic assay platform (OncoSignal) for measuring activity of relevant signaling pathways simultaneously and quantitatively with high resolution in tissue samples and circulating tumor cells, specifically with very small specimen quantities. The approach uses mRNA levels of a pathway's direct target genes, selected based on literature for multiple proof points, and used as evidence that a pathway is functionally activated. Using these validated target genes, a Bayesian network model has been built and calibrated on mRNA measurements of samples with known pathway status, which is used next to calculate a pathway activity score on individual test samples. Translation to RT-qPCR assays enables broad clinical diagnostic applications, including small analytes. A large number of cancer samples have been analyzed across a variety of cancer histologies and benchmarked across normal controls. Assays have been used to characterize cell types in the cancer cell microenvironment, including immune cells in which activated and immunotolerant states can be distinguished. Results support the expectation that the assays provide information on cancer driving signaling pathways which is difficult to derive from next generation DNA sequencing analysis. Current clinical oncology applications have been complementary to genomic mutation analysis to improve precision medicine: (1) prediction of response and resistance to various therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy; (2) assessment and monitoring of therapy efficacy; (3) prediction of invasive cancer cell behavior and prognosis; (4) measurement of circulating tumor cells. Preclinical oncology applications lie in a better understanding of cancer behavior across cancer types, and in development of a pathophysiology-based cancer classification for development of novel therapies and precision medicine.
A principle for counting tissue structures on random sections (1962)

A new principle is derived from mathematical considerations which will allow the calculation of the number of bodies contained in the unit volume by counting the number of transections on the unit area of a random section. The simple equation involves two coefficients related to the volumetric density of the bodies in the volume, and to their configuration. Means for the accurate determination of these coefficients are given. The verification of this principle in model experiments showed a high degree of reliability of the method with average errors of estimate of 2–4%. The method has been applied to the counting of alveoli in five normal human lungs, which were found to number an average of 300 million, with a striking constancy from lung to lung. Submitted on May 31, 1961
Adaptive Networking for Tele-Immersion (2001)

Tele-Immersive applications possess an unusually broad range of networking requirements. As high-speed and Quality of Service-enabled networks emerge, it will becoming more difficult for developers of Tele-Immersion applications, and networked applications in general, to take advantage of these enhanced services. This paper proposes an adaptive networking framework to ultimately allow applications to optimize their network utilization in pace with advances in networking services. In working toward this goal, this paper will present a number of networking techniques for improving performance in tele-immersive applications and examines whether the Differentiated Services mechanism for network Quality of Service is suitable for Tele-Immersion.
Solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with condensed aromatic compounds (2006)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been in the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their remarkable electronic, mechanical and thermal properties and specific functions. CNTs have high potentials for possible applications in the fields of energy, electronics, IT and materials. However, because of the insolubility of the nanotubes in solvents, chemical, biochemical and biological (medical) approaches using these materials have been rather limited. Soluble CNTs in aqueous and organic systems are of interests since they may open the door in such fields. In this review article, our concept to obtain individually dissolved single-walled CNTs using synthetic and biological compounds carrying a condensed aromatic and their fundamental properties is summarized.
Improved high-resolution processing method and its application in shale reservoir characterization (2017)

The high resolution processing method, referred to as Amplitude and Phase Estimation of Sinusoids (APES), is carefully discussed and then improved. The improved method, called WAPES, optimizes the original adaptive filter designing problem by weighting according to the noise distribution. Considering that seismic resolution is often quantitatively analyzed with the thin layer differentiation and determined by the main frequency and the bandwidth, the comparison of the performances between APES and WAPES is performed. Synthetic dataset experiments have given the quantified results exhibiting their ability of the bandwidth extension and the thin layer resolvability. WAPES has shown its delicate balance between the SNR and the resolution. Moreover, typical models are designed to prove the applicability. Finally, WAPES is applied to the real seismic data of shale gas exploration area and showed its effectiveness on the seismic inversion and the attribute analysis for shale reservoir characterization. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 10:10 AM Location: 350D Presentation Type: ORAL
A Study of Thermal Decomposition Characteristics and Toxicity of Product on PS/SAN/ABS (2000)

To estimate the thermal characteristics and toxic parameters on styrene copolymers, We have investigated the activation energy, physical features and generation possibility of toxic material like narcotic gases. The activation energy was 2550 Kcal/mol by the Kissinger's and DSC method at high temperature decomposition. It will be good information to estimate the possibility of fire occurrence. From calculations of FED, the values of for PS, SAN and ABS were checked as 8,580, 265 and 308 The mechanisms of thermal decomposition were mainly estimated by main chain scission, not by side group on FT-IR analysis.
The Contour-Buildup Algorithm to Calculate the Analytical Molecular Surface (1996)

A new algorithm is presented to calculate the analytical molecular surface defined as a smooth envelope traced out by the surface of a probe sphere rolled over the molecule. The core of the algorithm is the sequential build up of multi-arc contours on the van der Waals spheres. This algorithm yields substantial reduction in both memory and time requirements of surface calculations. Further, the contour-buildup principle is intrinsically "local", which makes calculations of the partial molecular surfaces even more efficient. Additionally, the algorithm is equally applicable not only to convex patches, but also to concave triangular patches which may have complex multiple intersections. The algorithm permits the rigorous calculation of the full analytical molecular surface for a 100-residue protein in about 2 seconds on an SGI indigo with R4400++ processor at 150 Mhz, with the performance scaling almost linearly with the protein size. The contour-buildup algorithm is faster than the original Connolly algorithm an order of magnitude.