gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetracycline sclerosis in the management of malignant pericardial effusion. (1985)

Twenty-two patients with malignant pericardial effusion were seen at the Toronto General Hospital between 1979 and 1984. Under ECG monitoring, an indwelling Kifa catheter was inserted into the pericardial sac and then connected to a Hemovac system and allowed to drain for 12 to 24 hours. Xylocaine hydrochloride, 100 mg, was first instilled intrapericardially, followed by tetracycline hydrochloride, 500 to 1,000 mg, dissolved in 20 mL normal saline. The catheter was clamped for one to two hours and then allowed to drain into the Hemovac. This procedure was repeated every 24 to 48 hours until the net drainage was less than 25 mL/24 hours. Nine men and 13 women were treated (median age, 55 years). The primary malignancy included lung in 15 patients, breast in two patients, and carcinoma of the stomach, ovary, pleural mesothelioma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary in one patient each. Twenty patients received one to five instillations of tetracycline. In one patient the catheter could not be inserted into the pericardial sac, and in one patient the catheter clotted before tetracycline instillation. Minor complications included transient arrhythmia in two patients, postinjection pain in four patients, and self-limited temperature elevation greater than 38.5 degrees C in two patients. fifteen patients had good control of their malignant pericardial effusion for more than 30 days (median survival, 160 days; range, 38 to 275 days). Three patients died before 30 days without evidence of effusion, and no patient surviving longer than 30 days developed recurrent effusion or pericardial constriction. Intrapericardial tetracycline instillation is a safe and efficacious treatment for malignant pericardial effusion and should be considered the first treatment modality in this situation.
Ontario's Alleged Fanaticism in the Riel Affair (1988)

That Louis Riel was hanged because of the influence of Ontario fanaticism is a very familiar notion, and one that French Canadians believed in from the beginning. They thought the real grievances o...
An On-Chip Transformer-Based Digital Isolator System (2013)

An on-chip transformer-based digital isolator has been designed, fabricated, and tested. This isolation technique is designed to function between a low voltage microcontroller and a potentially high-voltage power control system. The isolator’s isolation capability is determined by two factors, the RMS blocking voltage strength and common-mode transient immunity. The integrated circuit solution is designed in a high-temperature capable SOI process. The on-chip transformer size is minimized by utilizing high frequency voltage pulses. A small transformer and overall small chip footprint of the design are favorable for integration into a larger system. The isolator is a two chip solution, an isolated transmitter and receiver. The transformer’s primary and secondary coils are fabricated with chip metal interconnect. The transformer is located on the transmitter chip. The secondary coil of the transformer is electrically isolated from the transmitter circuitry by an insulating oxide layer and is wire bonded off the transmitter chip and onto the receiver chip. The isolator chips have been fabricated and bonded directly to printed circuit boards. The isolator has been experimentally tested with an input frequency as high as 5 MHz, or 10 Mbps. The isolator functions up to 150°C. The isolation capability has been experimentally verified at 8 kV/μs common-mode rejection and at 700-V RMS voltage breakdown.
Oridonin triggering mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by the signal transduction pathways (2010)

Oridonin is a deterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescences. It has excellent antitumor effect, whose mechanism is to induce apoptosis of tumor cells by mitochondrial pathway. Signal transduction pathway play an important part in cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and so on. Recent studies suggested that Oridonin may trigger mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by four signal transduction pathways,which were p53, Ras/Raf/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathway. Further investigation on mitochondrial signal transduction pathway would be helpful to clarify the intracellular target and the antitumor molecular mechanism of ORI.

Key words: 
Oridonin;  Mitochondiral;  Signal transduction pathway;  Apoptosis
Problems of Nighttime Visibility and Glare for Older Drivers (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper examines age-related changes in the visual system that may have a significant effect on the ability to drive at night. It begins with a description of changes in the eyes that occur with age and then explains how these changes reduce the ability to see low-contrast objects and increase the effects of glare. The results of a number of studies are described. The paper concludes with a section describing certain measures that can be taken to reduce these effects.</div>
The use of styrene-butadiene rubber waste as a potential filler in nitrile rubber: order of addition and size of waste particles (2009)

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has large applications in the shoe industry, especially as expanded sheets used to produce insoles and inner soles. According to TG analysis, the rubber content in SBR residues (SBR-r) was found to be around 26-wt%. Based on that data, a cost-effective technique for the reuse of SBR-r in Nitrile rubber (NBR) was developed. Later, the effect of SBR-r on the cure behavior, mechanical performance, swelling, and crosslink density of reused rubber was investigated, with more emphasis placed on the effect of both particle size and loading of waste filler. Cure characteristics such as optimum cure time and scorch time were then reduced by the increasing amount of SBR-r filler. Owing to the reinforced nature of the largest particle size SBR-r, the best results for the mechanical properties of NBR were those in which SBR-r was added at the end of the cure process. The study has thus shown that SBR residue (SBR-r) can be used as an economical alternative filler in NBR.
Neuroprotective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on optic nerve injury in rats. (2009)

rhEPO can prolong the expression of GAP-43 and increase its intensity after optic nerve injury, thereby promoting neural repair and axonal regeneration. Under the protection of rhEPO, the conduction velocity of the optic nerve recovered significantly. Therefore, rhEPO has neuroprotective effects on the optic nerve and promotes functional restoration of the optic nerve.
Dose–response relationship of inhaled corticosteroids and cataracts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2009)

The risk of cataracts was increased by approximately 25% for each 1000 microg per day increase in the dose of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent. These findings reinforce the importance of prescribing within the therapeutic dose-response range for ICS in asthma and the need to determine the dose-response relationship for the efficacy of ICS in COPD. Screening for the presence of cataracts could usefully be undertaken in older subjects with asthma and COPD, particularly current or ex-smokers.
Randomized placebo‐controlled trial of lactobacillus on asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis (2010)

Previous studies have suggested that probiotic administration may have therapeutic and/or preventive effects on atopic dermatitis in infants; however, its role in allergic airway diseases remains controversial. To determine whether daily supplementation with specific Lactobacillus gasseri A5 for 8 weeks can improve the clinical symptoms and immunoregulatory changes in school children suffering from asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on school children (age, 6-12 years) with asthma and AR. The eligible study subjects received either L. gasseri A5 (n = 49) or a placebo (n = 56) daily for 2 months. Pulmonary function tests were performed, and the clinical severity of asthma and AR was evaluated by the attending physicians in the study period. Diary cards with records of the day- and nighttime peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), symptoms of asthma, and AR scores of the patients were used for measuring the outcome of the treatment. Immunological parameters such as the total IgE and cytokine production by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined before and after the probiotic treatments. Our results showed the pulmonary function and PEFR increased significantly, and the clinical symptom scores for asthma and AR decreased in the probiotic-treated patients as compared to the controls. Further, there was a significant reduction in the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-13 production by the PBMCs following the probiotic treatment. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation may have clinical benefits for school children suffering from allergic airway diseases such as asthma and AR.
The Maize <scp>TF</scp>ome – development of a transcription factor open reading frame collection for functional genomics (2014)

Establishing the architecture of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) responsible for controlling the transcription of all genes in an organism is a natural development that follows elucidation of the genome sequence. Reconstruction of the GRN requires the availability of a series of molecular tools and resources that so far have been limited to a few model organisms. One such resource consists of collections of transcription factor (TF) open reading frames (ORFs) cloned into vectors that facilitate easy expression in plants or microorganisms. In this study, we describe the development of a publicly available maize TF ORF collection (TFome) of 2034 clones corresponding to 2017 unique gene models in recombination-ready vectors that make possible the facile mobilization of the TF sequences into a number of different expression vectors. The collection also includes several hundred co-regulators (CoREGs), which we classified into well-defined families, and for which we propose here a standard nomenclature, as we have previously done for TFs. We describe the strategies employed to overcome the limitations associated with cloning ORFs from a genome that remains incompletely annotated, with a partial full-length cDNA set available, and with many TF/CoREG genes lacking experimental support. In many instances this required the combination of genome-wide expression data with gene synthesis approaches. The strategies developed will be valuable for developing similar resources for other agriculturally important plants. Information on all the clones generated is available through the GRASSIUS knowledgebase (http://grassius.org/).
Holograph contraction by oscillatory filtered learning for dynamic sub-pattern matching (2003)

The paper presents a scheme for reducing memory space of a holographic associative memory for content-based learning, searching and retrieval of sparse patterns. Multidimensional holographic associative memory developed on the properties of complex valued Riemann space is one of the most promising models of associative memory. It has demonstrated the unique ability to perform dynamically localizable sub-pattern matching, without requiring to learn each individual sub-patterns. The correlation space of the sparse patterns, is also sparse in information, but representationally dense. Therefore, holograph of sparse patterns (such as images) becomes extremely large. In this paper we describe a holographic memory model which can prune a holograph by several fold. The resulting holographic model also simultaneously increases the encoding, searching and decoding speed.
P4M-6 A Low Noise Capacitive Feedback Analog Front-End for CMUTs in Intra Vascular Ultrasound Imaging (2007)

In this paper, we present the capacitive feedback analog front-end for intra vascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging as opposed to the conventional resistive feedback analog front-ends. In our proposed capacitive feedback architecture, floating input node of the amplifier is dynamically biased during the transmit mode of the CMUTs (capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers). During the reception mode, the biased voltage at the floating input node of the amplifier is stored on the gate of input transistor of the amplifier. A high voltage pulser circuit with small output capacitance is integrated on-chip with the proposed low-noise capacitive feedback receiver. The proposed capacitive feedback analog front-end circuit is designed using the 0.35 mum high-voltage CMOS technology library of Austria Microsystems Corporation. Based on post- layout simulation results, we were able to achieve an overall noise figure of less than 2 dB with the proposed capacitive feedback analog front end for the amplification of signals generated by a 100times200 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> CMUT array element.
Cloning of the cDNA encoding human histidine decarboxylase from an erythroleukemia cell line and mapping of the gene locus to chromosome 15 (1991)

The biogenic amine histamine is an important modulator of numerous physiological processes, including neurotransmittance, gastric acid secretion and smooth muscle tone. The biosynthesis of histamine is catalyzed by the enzyme, L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC). We have previously reported the cloning and sequence of the cDNA encoding rat HDC. Utilizing the rat HDC cDNA as probe the full-length cDNA encoding human HDC was identified and characterized. The encoded protein of 662 amino acid residues has a molecular weight of 74,148. Homology comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with rat HDC and dopa decarboxylases from three species have revealed highly related regions. These comparisons have identified domains of amino acid decarboxylases that are highly conserved and are likely important for enzyme-substrate interaction. A dissimilar region in human and rat HDC primary translated protein near the C-terminus would appear not to be important for catalysis and may be removed by proteolysis. This processing phenomenon could be in part responsible for regulation of HDC activity. The human HDC cDNA was also utilized to map the chromosomal location of the human HDC gene locus (HDC). Analysis of human-rodent cell hybrids revealed that the HDC gene segregates with Chromosome 15. No restriction length polymorphisms in the human population were detected after cleavage of the DNAs with 12 restriction endonucleases.
Enantioselective Syntheses of Georgyone, Arborone, and Structural Relatives. Relevance to the Molecular-Level Understanding of Olfaction (2006)

Georgyone (1) and arborone (2), powerful woody odorants, have been synthesized enantioselectively along with their enantiomers. Several structural relatives of 1 and 2 have also been made enantioselectivity in order to probe the molecular details of the binding of 1 and 2 to the olfactory G-protein-coupled receptors which they activate. These studies have led to a number of conclusions regarding the structural requirements for woody odor, including absolute configuration, critical methyl substitution, and the spatial orientation of the key methyl groups. Odorants 1 and 2 bind to at least 10 mouse olfactory receptors, lending support to the combinatorial model for odor perception/differentiation. The implications of this work with regard to possible receptor binding modes are discussed.
Tuning self-assembly of hybrid PLA-P(MA-POSS) block copolymers in solution via stereocomplexation (2012)

We demonstrate the formation of stable hybrid nanoparticles in solution through self-assembly driven by the stereocomplexation between enantiomeric poly(lactide) (PLA) chains in organic–inorganic hybrid diblock copolymers. The well-defined hybrid diblock copolymers (PLLA-b-P(MA-POSS) and PDLA-b-P(MA-POSS)) are synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization of methacrylisobutyl POSS (MA-POSS) using either PLLA or PDLA as a macroinitiator. The structure of the block copolymers is confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC. The mixture of PLLA-b-P(MA-POSS) and PDLA-b-P(MA-POSS) in THF solution resulted in the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles as confirmed by the light scattering data. It is further verified that the only driving force for self-assembly in THF solution is the ‘stereocomplexation’ between the PLLA and PDLA blocks as no aggregation could be observed in THF solutions of homochiral polylactides at low concentration (∼1 mg mL−1). A solution mixture of 50 : 50 weight% of PLLA-b-P(MA-POSS) and PDLA-b-P(MA-POSS) for all the samples yields the best stereocomplexation results in terms of particles size and aggregation numbers. For a given composition, the size of the stereocomplexed hybrid nanoparticles, however, decreases with the increasing length of the (MA-POSS) block in the copolymer. As an example, for a 50 : 50 weight% mixture, the mean hydrodynamic radius Rh and apparent aggregation number Nagg of the particles decreased from 220 nm and 890, respectively, to 72 nm and 290, when the degree of polymerization of P(MA-POSS) increased from ∼2 to 11–12. It is assumed that the bulky POSS nanocages of P(MA-POSS) in the PLA-b-P(MA-POSS) block copolymer sterically hinder the formation of larger nanoparticles by block copolymers with longer P(MA-POSS) blocks. The stereocomplexed nanoparticles remain stable over 30 days and are not sensitive to dilution, suggesting the formation of stable hybrid nanoparticles dispersion. In contrast, the homopolymer mixture of PLLA and PDLA turned cloudy and was no longer stable after 12 days due to the formation of larger macroscopic aggregates. This interesting finding opens up new opportunities to tune the size and stability of the stereocomplexed nanoparticles in solution by manipulating the block length of the inorganic P(MA-POSS) segment.
Risk of Recurrence After a First Episode of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism Provoked by a Transient Risk Factor (2010)

The risk of recurrence is low if VTE is provoked by surgery, intermediate if provoked by a nonsurgical risk factor, and high if unprovoked. These risks affect whether patients with VTE should undergo short-term vs indefinite treatment.
Inducible neuronal expression of transgenic TGF‐β1 <i>in vivo</i>: dissection of short‐term and long‐term effects (2005)

Various chronic neurological diseases are associated with increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the brain. TGF-beta1 has both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative functions, depending on conditions such as duration and the local and temporal pattern of its expression. Previous transgenic approaches did not enable control for these dynamic aspects. To overcome these limitations, we established a transgenic mouse model with inducible neuron-specific expression of TGF-beta1 based on the tetracycline-regulated gene expression system. TGF-beta1 expression was restricted to the brain where it was particularly pronounced in the neocortex, hippocampus and striatum. Transgene expression was highly sensitive to the presence of doxycycline and completely silenced within 6 days after doxycycline application. After long-term expression, perivascular thioflavin-positive depositions, formed by amyloid fibrils, developed. These depositions persisted even after prolonged silencing of the transgene, indicating an irreversible process. Similarly, strong perivascular apolipoprotein E (ApoE) depositions were found after TGF-beta1 expression and these remained despite TGF-beta1 removal. These in vivo observations suggests that the continuous presence of TGF-beta1 as initial trigger is not necessary for the persistence and development of chronic lesions. Neuroprotective effects were observed after short-term expression of TGF-beta1. Death of striatal neurons induced by 3-nitropropionic acid was markedly reduced after induced TGF-beta1 expression.
Intergenic mRNA Molecules Resulting fromtrans-Splicing (2002)

Accumulated recent evidence is indicating that alternative splicing represents a generalized process that increases the complexity of human gene expression. Here we show that mRNA production may not necessarily be limited to single genes, as human liver also has the potential to produce a variety of hybrid cytochrome P450 3A mRNA molecules. The four known cytochrome P450 3A genes in humans, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43, share a high degree of similarity, consist of 13 exons with conserved exon-intron boundaries, and form a cluster on chromosome 7. The chimeric CYP3A mRNA molecules described herein are characterized by CYP3A43 exon 1 joined at canonical splice sites to distinct sets of CYP3A4 or CYP3A5 exons. Because the CYP3A43 gene is in a head-to-head orientation with the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes, bypassing transcriptional termination can not account for the formation of hybrid CYP3A mRNAs. Thus, the mechanism generating these molecules has to be an RNA processing event that joins exons of independent pre-mRNA molecules, i.e. trans-splicing. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the ratio of one CYP3A43/3A4 intergenic combination was estimated to be approximately 0.15% that of the CYP3A43 mRNAs. Moreover, trans-splicing has been found not to interfere with polyadenylation. Heterologous expression of the chimeric species composed of CYP3A43 exon 1 joined to exons 2-13 of CYP3A4 revealed catalytic activity toward testosterone.
Locking the cavity of a pulsed periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator to the wavelength of a continuous-wave injection seeder by an “intensity-dip” method (1999)

Injection seeding by a single-mode continuous-wave (cw) laser provides a convenient way to achieve narrowband tunable operation of a laser with a broad spectral gain profile, or of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Continuous single-mode tunability of the laser or OPO output usually requires the length of the optical cavity to be controlled as the injection-seeding wavelength is scanned. We report a novel variant on established methods of locking the optical cavity length to the seed wavelength. Our approach takes advantage of the resonance properties of an optical cavity. When the cavity is in resonance with the cw seed radiation, the total intensity of that radiation reflected off the cavity displays a pronounced dip; this intensity dip can be used as a locking signal to reset the cavity length piezoelectrically during each interval between the pump pulses that excite the laser or OPO. Our active cavity-locking scheme is realized in the case of a ring-cavity OPO, incorporating periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), pumped at 1.064 μm by a single-mode pulsed Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser and injection-seeded at its signal wavelength by a 1.55 μm single-mode tunable diode laser. The coherent infrared output of this injection-seeded PPLN OPO is shown to be continuously tunable, with an optical bandwidth of ∼130 MHz (0.0045 cm−1) and excellent spatial beam quality.