gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fabrication, characterisation and electrochemical investigation of screen-printed graphene electrodes (2014)

We report the fabrication, characterisation (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and ATR) and electrochemical implementation of novel screen-printed graphene electrodes. Electrochemical characterisation of the fabricated graphene electrodes is undertaken using an array of electroactive redox probes and biologically relevant analytes, namely: potassium ferrocyanide(II), hexaammine-ruthenium(III) chloride, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), L-ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) and dopamine hydrochloride (DA). The electroanalytical capabilities of the fabricated electrodes are also considered towards the sensing of AA and DA. The electrochemical and (electro)analytical performances of the fabricated screen-printed graphene electrodes are considered with respect to the relative surface morphologies and material compositions (elucidated via SEM, Raman, XPS and ATR spectroscopy), the density of electronic states (% global coverage of edge-plane like sites/defects) and the specific fabrication conditions utilised. Comparisons are made between two screen-printed graphene electrodes and alternative graphite based screen-printed electrodes. The graphene electrodes are fabricated utilising two different commercially prepared 'graphene' inks, which have long screen ink lifetimes (>3 hours), thus this is the first report of a true mass-reproducible screen-printable graphene ink. Through employment of appropriate controls/comparisons we are able to report a critical assessment of these screen-printed graphene electrodes. This work is of high importance and demonstrates a proof-of-concept approach to screen-printed graphene electrodes that are highly reproducible, paving the way for mass-producible graphene sensing platforms in the future.
In Vitro Selection of Structure‐Switching Signaling Aptamers (2005)

Suche nach Sonden: Nach einem neuartigen Verfahren werden Standard-DNA-Aptamere in vitro selektiert und in Fluoreszenzsonden umgewandelt. Die Methode umfasst die Isolierung von DNA-Aptameren, deren Struktur zwischen Duplex und Komplex schaltbar ist, und die Markierung der Aptamere mit zwei kurzen DNA-Strängen, die einen Fluorophor F und einen Löscher Q enthalten. Das resultierende Reportersystem eignet sich als Echtzeitsensor (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z461848_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Integration of modeling and simulation into hospital-based decision support systems guiding pediatric pharmacotherapy (2008)

The management of pediatric pharmacotherapy can be greatly enhanced via the immediate feedback provided by decision analytics which incorporate the current, best-available knowledge pertaining to dose-exposure and exposure-response relationships, especially for narrow therapeutic agents that are difficult to manage.
Failure of Combined Treatment for the Thrombosed Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm (2010)

It is sometimes difficult to preserve the proximal patent arteries when surgically treating a complex aneurysm located at the P2P3 segment of the PCA. In such cases, revascularization of the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) may prevent the development of postoperative ischemic complications with visual field defects. We report the revascularization of the distal PCA territories of a patient with a partially thrombosed aneurysm located at the P2P3 segment of the PCA, and the postoperative course. A 42-year-old man with a large partially thrombosed aneurysm located at the P2P3 segment of the right PCA presented with left hemiparesis. Due to the aneurysm is localization in the cerebral peduncle, primary clipping or endovascular occlusion was considered to be too hazardous. After the occipital artery (OA) to the PCA were anastomosed with a lateral semiprone position, postoperative cerebral angiography demonstrated perfusion of the right PCA from the right OA via the anastomosis, and the aneurysm was successfully treated with simultaneous occlusion of the aneurysm and parent PCA with coils in one anesthesia. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course through day 4, but on day 5, severe cerebral infarction was revealed on the right occipital lobe. OA-PCA anastomosis is a useful method of treatment choice of complex PCA aneurysm, but perioperative antiplatelet therapy is also important to improve the outcome.
Ethylene polymerization and ethylene/hexene copolymerization with vanadium(III) catalysts bearing heteroatom‐containing salicylaldiminato ligands (2009)

Abstract A series of novel vanadium(III) complexes bearing heteroatom‐containing group‐substituted salicylaldiminato ligands [RNCH(ArO)]VCl 2 (THF) 2 (Ar = C 6 H 4 , R = C 3 H 2 NS, 2a ; C 7 H 4 NS, 2c ; C 7 H 5 N 2 , 2d ; Ar = C 6 H 2 t Bu 2 (2,4), R = C 3 H 2 NS, 2b ) have been synthesized and characterized. Structure of complex 2c was further confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The complexes were investigated as the catalysts for ethylene polymerization in the presence of Et 2 AlCl. Complexes 2a–d exhibited high catalytic activities (up to 22.8 kg polyethylene/mmol V h bar), and affording polymer with unimodal molecular weight distributions at 25–70 °C in the first 5‐min polymerization, whereas produced bimodal molecular weight distribution polymers at 70 °C when polymerization time prolonged to 30 min. The catalyst structure plays an important role in controlling the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resultant polymers produced in 30 min polymerization. In addition, ethylene/hexene copolymerizations with catalysts 2a–d were also explored in the presence of Et 2 AlCl, which leads to the high molecular weight and unimodal distributions copolymers with high comonomer incorporation. Catalytic activity, comonomer incorporation, and polymer molecular weight can be controlled over a wide range by the variation of catalyst structure and the reaction parameters, such as comonomer feed concentration, polymerization time, and polymerization reaction temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3573–3582, 2009
Introduction to solid-state NMR spectroscopy (2004)

Preface.Acknowledgements.1. The Basics of NMR.1.1 The vector model of pulsed NMR.1.2 The quantum mechanical picture: hamiltonians and the Schrodinger equation.1.3 The density matrix representation and coherences.1.4 Nuclear spin interactions.1.5 General features of Fourier Transform NMR experiments.References.2. Essential Techniques for Solid-State NMR.2.1 Introduction.2.2 Magic-angle spinning (MAS).2.3 Heteronuclear decoupling.2.4 Homonuclear decoupling.2.5 Cross polarization.2.6 Echo pulse sequences.References.3. Shielding and Chemical Shift: theory and uses.3.1 Theory.3.2 The relationship between the shielding tensor and electronic structure.3.3 Measuring chemical shift anisotropies.3.4 Measuring the orientation of chemical shielding tensors in the molecular frame for structure determination.References.4. Dipolar coupling - theory and uses.4.1 Theory.4.2 Introduction to the uses of dipolar coupling.4.3 Techniques for measuring homonuclear dipolar couplings.4.4 Techniques for measuring heteronuclear dipolar couplings.4.5 Techniques for dipolar-coupled quadrupolar-spin- pairs.4.6 Techniques for measuring dipolar couplings between quadrupolar nuclei.4.7 Correlation experiments.4.8 Spin counting experiments.References.5. Quadrupole Coupling - theory and uses.5.1 Introduction.5.2 Theory.5.3 High resolution NMR experiments for half-integer quadrupolar nuclei.5.4 Other techniques for half-integer quadrupolar nuclei.References.6. NMR Techniques for Studying Molecular Motion in Solids.6.1 Introduction.6.2 Powder lineshape analysis.6.3 Relaxation time studies.6.4 Exchange experiments.6.5 2H NMR.References.Appendices.Index
Swelling and mechanical properties of polymer gels with cross-linking gradient (2010)

We report a novel approach to model the temperature dependence of the volume and elastic modulus of polymer gels with a cross-linking gradient based on the well-known Flory-Rehner (FR) theory. The proposed model consists of dividing the inhomogeneous polymer gel into an arbitrary number of independent and homogeneous layers that are treated independently by the FR approach. Experimental measurements of volume and elastic modulus with atomic force microscopy (AFM) on PNIPAM microgels, unexplained by the classical FR model, are in good agreement with the proposed model.
Spinalin, a new glycine- and histidine-rich protein in spines of <i>Hydra</i> nematocysts (1998)

Here we present the cloning, expression and immunocytochemical localization of a novel 24 kDa protein, designated spinalin, which is present in the spines and operculum of Hydra nematocysts. Spinalin cDNA clones were identified by in situ hybridization to differentiating nematocytes. Sequencing of a full-length clone revealed the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide, suggesting that the mature protein is sorted via the endoplasmic reticulum to the post-Golgi vacuole in which the nematocyst is formed. The N-terminal region of spinalin (154 residues) is very rich in glycines (48 residues) and histidines (33 residues). A central region of 35 residues contains 19 glycines, occurring mainly as pairs. For both regions a polyglycine-like structure is likely and this may be stabilized by hydrogen bond-mediated chain association. Similar sequences found in loricrins, cytokeratins and avian keratins are postulated to participate in formation of supramolecular structures. Spinalin is terminated by a basic region (6 lysines out of 15 residues) and an acidic region (9 glutamates and 9 aspartates out of 32 residues). Western blot analysis with a polyclonal antibody generated against a recombinant 19 kDa fragment of spinalin showed that spinalin is localized in nematocysts. Following dissociation of the nematocyst's capsule wall with DTT, spinalin was found in the insoluble fraction containing spines and the operculum. Immunocytochemical analysis of developing nematocysts revealed that spinalin first appears in the matrix but then is transferred through the capsule wall at the end of morphogenesis to form spines on the external surface of the inverted tubule and the operculum.
Intrauterine ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic oxidative stress and neuroendocrine alterations in adult rat offspring (2006)

Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with low birth weight, followed by increased appetite, catch-up growth, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in the rat offspring. Because EtOH can induce oxidative stress, which is a putative mechanism of insulin resistance, and because of the central role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin action, we investigated whether prenatal EtOH exposure causes oxidative damage to the hypothalamus, which may alter its function. Female rats were given EtOH by gavage throughout pregnancy. At birth, their offspring were smaller than those of non-EtOH rats. Markers of oxidative stress and expression of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were determined in hypothalami of postnatal day 7 (PD7) and 3-mo-old (adult) rat offspring. In both PD7 and adult rats, prenatal EtOH exposure was associated with decreased levels of glutathione and increased expression of MnSOD. The concentrations of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls were normal in PD7 EtOH-exposed offspring, but were increased in adult EtOH-exposed offspring. Both PD7 and adult EtOH-exposed offspring had normal neuropeptide Y and POMC mRNA levels, but the adult offspring had reduced POMC protein concentration. Thus only adult offspring preexposed to EtOH had increased hypothalamic tissue damage and decreased levels of POMC, which could impair melanocortin signaling. We conclude that prenatal EtOH exposure causes hypothalamic oxidative stress, which persists into adult life and alters melanocortin action during adulthood. These neuroendocrine alterations may explain weight gain and insulin resistance in rats exposed to EtOH early in life.
Direct technetium-99m labeling of anti-hepatoma monoclonal antibody fragment: a radioimmunoconjugate for hepatocellular carcinoma imaging (2000)

AIM:To directly radiolabel an anti-hepatoma mAb fragment HAb18 F(ab')(2) with (99m)Tc by stannousreduced method, and assess the stability, biodistribution and radioimmun oimaging (R II).METHODS:Immunoreactive fraction was determined according to Lindmo's method. Ellman's reagent was used to determine the number of thiols in the reduced F(ab') (2). Labeling efficiency and homogeneity were measured by paper chromatography, sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autoradiography. Challenge assay involved the incubation of aliquots of labeled antibody in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and L-cysteine (L-cys) solutions with different molar ratio at 37° for 1h, respectively. Investigations in vivo utilized nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHCC) xenografts with gamma camera imaging and tissue biodistribution studies at regular intervals.RESULTS:The labeling procedure was finished within 1.5h compared with the pretinning method which would take at least 21h. In vitro studies demonstrated that the radiolabeled mAb fragment was homogeneous and retained its immunoreactivity. Challenge studies indicated that (99m)Tc-labeled HAb18 F(ab') (2) in EDTA is more stable than in L-cys. Imaging and biodistribution showed a significant tumor uptake at 24h post injection of (99m)Tc-labeled HAb18 F(ab') (2). The blood, kidney, liver and tumor uptakes at 24h were 0.56 ± 0.09, 56.45 ± 11.36,1.43 ± 0.27 and 6.57 ± 3.01 (%ID/g) respectively.CONCLUSION:(99m)Tc-HAb18 F(ab') (2) conjugate prepared by this direct method appears to be an effective way to detect hepatoma in nude mice model.
Carbon deposition in ethane pyrolysis reactors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon deposition in ethane pyrolysis reactorsLouis J. Velenyi, Yihhong Song, and John C. FagleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 8, 1708–1712Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00056a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00056a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progesterone enhances target gene transcription by receptor free of heat shock proteins hsp90, hsp56, and hsp70. (1991)

Steroid receptors regulate transcription of target genes in vivo and in vitro in a steroid hormone-dependent manner. Unoccupied progesterone receptor exists in the low-salt homogenates of target cells as a functionally inactive 8 to 10S complex with several nonreceptor components such as two molecules of 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90), a 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70), and a 56-kDa heat shock protein (hsp56). Ligand-induced dissociation of receptor-associated proteins such as hsp90 has been proposed as the mechanism of receptor activation. Nevertheless, it has not been established whether, beyond release of heat shock proteins, the steroidal ligand plays a role in modulating receptor activity. To examine whether the release of these nonreceptor proteins from receptor complex results in a constitutively active receptor, we isolated an unliganded receptor form essentially free of hsp90, hsp70, and hsp56. Using a recently developed steroid hormone-responsive cell-free transcription system, we demonstrate for the first time that the dissociation of heat shock proteins is not sufficient to generate a functionally active receptor. This purified receptor still requires hormone for high-affinity binding to a progesterone response element and for efficient transcriptional activation of a target gene. When an antiprogestin, Ru486, is bound to the receptor, it fails to promote efficient transcription. We propose that in the cell, in addition to the release of receptor-associated inhibitory proteins, a distinct hormone-mediated activation event must precede efficient gene activation.
Identification of target genes of transcription factor activator protein 2 gamma in breast cancer cells (2009)

This suggested that AP-2gamma can coordinate the expression of a network of genes, involving in carcinogenesis, especially in breast cancer. They could serve as therapeutic targets against breast cancers in the future.
Generalized tamed frequency modulation and its application for mobile radio communications (1984)

Continued investigation of tamed FM (TFM) has led to an extension called generalized tamed FM (GTFM). The very narrow spectral property of a GTFM signal meets the stringent requirements on bandwidth utilization in modern mobile radio applications. The principle of GTFM is first described. It is then shown that the generation of GTFM signals can be made very simple by the use of an ROM table-lookup technique. By an appropriate choice of parameters in GTFM signal generation at the transmitter, a joint optimization for coherent and noncoherent detection with regard to BER performance in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise can be achieved. For mobile radio applications, the robustness of the detection scheme to fast fading is important. A low-complexity noncoherent receiver is presented, comprising a frequency discriminator and a simple maximum-likelihood sequence estimator. This receiver performs well in a fast fading environment. Computer simulated results of BER performance of this scheme are given. These results are confirmed by experimental measurements.
Highly tunable heterogeneously integrated III-V on silicon sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers operating in the O-band (2016)

We report on the design, fabrication and performance of the first hetero-integrated III-V on silicon sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers (SGDBR) operating in the O-band and based on direct bonding and adiabatic coupling. Two devices with different geometric parameters are presented both showing an output power in the Si waveguide as high as 7.5 mW and a continuous tuning range of 27 and 35 nm respectively with a side mode suppression ration higher than 35 dB.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Enynes (2005)

The key step in the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynes is the nucleophilic attack at the Au-coordinated CC triple bonds to form a vinylic gold intermediate (see example). The homogeneous gold-catalyzed reaction of enynes under mild conditions has wide scope and high efficiency and gives access to complex or otherwise inaccessible products.
New high-speed adaptive frame synchronisers incorporating postdetection processing techniques (1991)

This paper presents two new high-speed digital frame synchronisers incorporating adaptive operating strategies and postdetection processing techniques developed by the authors. These adaptive and postdetection processing frame synchronisers are shown to minimise both the false alarm probability and the misdetection probability. It is shown that the high speed can be achieved by means of time division multiplexing and a parallel implementation structure, thereby enabling low-speed integrated circuits to form the high-speed adaptive and postdetection processing frame synchronisers, which are capable of operating at bit rates as high as several hundred megabits per s.
Accurate registration of random radiographic projections based on three spherical references for the purpose of few-view 3D reconstruction (2008)

Precise registration of radiographic projection images acquired in almost arbitrary geometries for the purpose of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is beset with difficulties. We modify and enhance a registration method [R. Schulze, D. D. Bruellmann, F. Roeder, and B. d'Hoedt, Med. Phys. 31, 2849-2854 (2004)] based on coupling a minimum amount of three reference spheres in arbitrary positions to a rigid object under study for precise a posteriori pose estimation. Two consecutive optimization procedures (a, initial guess; b, iterative coordinate refinement) are applied to completely exploit the reference's shadow information for precise registration of the projections. The modification has been extensive, i.e., only the idea of using the sphere shadows to locate each sphere in three dimensions from each projection was retained whereas the approach to extract the shadow information has been changed completely and extended. The registration information is used for subsequent algebraic reconstruction of the 3D information inherent in the projections. We present a detailed mathematical theory of the registration process as well as simulated data investigating its performance in the presence of error. Simulation of the initial guess revealed a mean relative error in the critical depth coordinate ranging between 2.1% and 4.4%, and an evident error reduction by the subsequent iterative coordinate refinement. To prove the applicability of the method for real-world data, algebraic 3D reconstructions from few (< or = 9) projection radiographs of a human skull, a human mandible and a teeth-containing mandible segment are presented. The method facilitates extraction of 3D information from only few projections obtained from off-the-shelf radiographic projection units without the need for costly hardware. Technical requirements as well as radiation dose are low.
2113 Effective Fabricating Condition of Green Composite Using Microfibrillated Cellulose Extracted from Bamboo without Polymer Adhesive (2005)

To obtain composites with high strength in tension using bamboo microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) without any synthetic polymers as binder, the process to extract bamboo MFC and fabricating conditions were proposed. Bamboo MFC were extracted from the following five types of bamboo fiber bundles and monofilaments (pulps); (a) untreated fiber bundles (mechanically extracted from raw bamboo), (b) alkali-treated fiber bundles after mechanically extracted, (c) monofilaments obtained from steam exploded fiber bundles, (d) mono filaments from alkali-treated fiber bundles which were extracted by the steam explosion method, and (e) cellulose monofilaments chemically extracted from the monofilaments (d). These fiber bundles and monofilaments were ground at a high speed condition using stone disks to obtain the bamboo MFC. The composite was fabricated by hot pressing. The maximum bending strength of the composites was obtained at 160℃ under 120MPa when we used MFC obtained from (d) monofilaments. The maximum bending strength was 188MPa, which was about 2 times in bending strength of the composite with mono filaments (c).