gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Band GaN FET reliability (2008)

Over the last 3 years under the Wide Band Gap Semiconductor (WBGS) DARPA program, TriQuint and their partners, II-VI, IQE, BAE, MIT, RPI and UTD, have performed multiple multi-structure, multi-wafer, multi-technology reliability experiments and failure analysis studies on its GaN on SiC HEMT technology for X-band applications. This manuscript summarizes the main results of this effort.
Aminolysis of Halogenopyridines at High Pressures (1988)

Reactions de chloro-2-, -3- et -4-, bromo-3-, dichloro-2,6- ou -3,5- et chloro-3 trifluoromethyl-5 pyridines avec la butylamine, la pyrrolidine ou la piperidine a 6-8 kbars: obtention des amino pyridines correspondantes et, dans le cas du derive dichloro-2,6, de bis-dialkylamino-2,6 pyridines
Millimeter-Wave Horn-Type Antenna-in-Package Solution Fabricated in a Teflon-Based Multilayer PCB Technology (2013)

An antenna-in-package solution is introduced for millimeter-wave applications. The solution is implemented in an asymmetric PCB technology incorporating 4 laminates of a Teflon-based and one laminate of a Ceramic-based material. A Horn-like element embedded in the PCB technology is designed and manufactured. The simulated and measured return losses are better than 10 dB in the frequency band 55–68 GHz, which makes the element suitable to be used for 60 GHz multi-Gb/Sec applications. The antenna element also provides 6 dB of gain with a ripple less that 0.5 dB from 53 GHz to 60 GHz. Moreover, 3 different arrays have been designed using the same Horn-like antenna as the radiating element. The simulated and measured radiation characteristics of all the antennas are investigated at different frequencies. It is shown that the antenna element is capable of being arrayed for applications where non-line-of-sight communication is needed or multi-path spatial diversity techniques are to be implemented.
Maximum entropy image reconstruction in X-ray and diffraction tomography (1988)

The authors propose a Bayesian approach with maximum-entropy (ME) priors to reconstruct an object from either the Fourier domain data (the Fourier transform of diffracted field measurements) in the case of diffraction tomography, or directly from the original projection data in the case of X-ray tomography. The objective function obtained is composed of a quadratic term resulting from chi(2) statistics and an entropy term that is minimized using variational techniques and a conjugate-gradient iterative method. The computational cost and practical implementation of the algorithm are discussed. Some simulated results in X-ray and diffraction tomography are given to compare this method to the classical ones.
A technical study of charge back and monitoring systems in virtual environment (2008)

In the recent years the shared services concept has become an integral part of business.\nThese shared services can be in the form of information technology, engineering\nand lot more. Service providers spent huge amounts of money to build an infrastructure\nthat can provide efficient and valued services to the customers. In IT business\nthese services varies from providing basic consultancy and managing the IT operations\nof the customers to running high priority business processes,(online banking).\nCustomers of these services pay for these services, so a mechanism of resource usage\nmetering is required to accurately charge the users and at the same time a monitoring\nmechanism is required to have a check on the services being provided to the\ncustomers for any resource contention and service degradation and future capacity\nplanning. If a service provider is unable to develop an accurate charge back and monitoring\nmechanism then the equation of service provider and customer becomes a\npoint of frustration for both sides. charge back and monitoring systems developed for\nphysical environment are not capable to measure the resource usage in virtual environment\nbecause in virtual environment (Z/VM) resources are shared between users\nand it becomes difficult to measure the resource usage by a specific user. Until now a\nfew tools have been developed that provides efficient resource metering and monitoring\nin virtual environment (Z/VM) but every business has its own requirements and\nsystem setup so mostly these tools need some customizations to fit into the business.\nThis work mainly concentrated on what kind of resource utilization data is available\non Z/VM and on LINUX guests running on Z/VM to effectively charge the customers\nrunning there guest Linux Operating systems in virtual environment (Z/VM based)\nand to monitor the cpu and memory utilization to check whether the estimate of memory\nallocation for linux guests running different applications made by system (PWSS)\nis a good estimate or require some optimizations. Because memory utilization is considered\nmore expensive in virtual environment in the context of system performance.\nThe study also includes a comparison between this technique of charge back and some\ncommercial products from IBM and CA (Computer Associates) that provides charge\nback and monitoring facility in Z/VM based virtual environment, and provides some\nbenefits of this work in the proposed environment.
In-Storage Computing for Hadoop MapReduce Framework: Challenges and Possibilities (2016)

Solid State Drives (SSDs) were initially developed as faster storage devices intended to replace conventional magnetic Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). However, high computational capabilities enable SSDs to be computing nodes, not just faster storage devices. Such capability is generally called ”In-Storage Computing (ISC)”. Today’s Hadoop MapReduce framework has become a de facto standard for big data processing. This paper explores In-Storage Computing challenges and opportunities for the Hadoop MapReduce framework. For this, we integrate a Hadoop MapReduce system with ISC SSD devices that implement the Hadoop Mapper inside real SSD firmware. This offloads Map tasks from the host MapReduce system to the ISC SSDs. We additionally optimize the host Hadoop system to make the best use of our proposed ISC Hadoop system. Experimental results demonstrate our ISC Hadoop MapReduce system achieves a remarkable performance gain (2.3 faster) as well as significant energy savings (11.5 lower) compared to a typical Hadoop MapReduce system. Further, the experiment suggests such ISC augmented systems can provide a very promising computing model in terms of a system scalability.
Diphosphofructose-Aldolase, Phosphoglyceraldehyd-Dehydrogenase, Milchsäure-Dehydrogenase, Glycerophosphat-Dehydrogenase und Pyruvat-Kinase aus Kaninchenmuskulatur in einem Arbeitsgang (1953)

Extrakt von Kaninchenmuskulatur wird durch steigende Sättigung mit Ammonsulfat in amorphe Fraktionen aufgeteilt, aus denen sich ohne weitere Reinigungsschritte die obengenannten Fermente kristallisieren lassen. Die Reinigung der Rohkristallisate erfolgt durch Waschungen mit Ammonsulfatlösungen und Umkristallisationen. Jedes Ferment wird an Hand seines Absorptionsspektrums, der Umsatzzahl, Kristallform und spezifischen Eigenschaft beschrieben und den entsprechenden reinsten Präparaten anderer Autoren gegenübergestellt. Der methodische Teil enthält neben technischen Einzelheiten für die Aufarbeitung im größeren Maßstab eine neue Ableitung zur Errechnung der Salzzugabe für bestimmte Ammonsulfatkonzentrationen und Vorschriften für die Ammonsulfat- und Eiweißbestimmung im Routinebetrieb.
A Radio Telemetry Device for Monitoring Cartilage Surface Pressures in the Human Hip (1974)

A miniaturized radio telemetry device has been developed which can monitor the magnitude and distribution of pressure generated between the cartilage-covered surface of the human hip socket and the surface of a hip prosthesis which replaces the spherical head of the femur in the hip. The pressure distribution is sensed by an array of 14 pressure transducers mounted inside the hollow ball of the prosthesis, and the signals from the transducers are transmitted to external receiving and recording equipment by a radio telemetry device also located inside the hollow ball.
<i>MEN ε/β</i> nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs are up-regulated upon muscle differentiation and are essential components of paraspeckles (2008)

Studies of the transcriptional output of the human and mouse genomes have revealed that there are many more transcripts produced than can be accounted for by predicted protein-coding genes. Using a custom microarray, we have identified 184 non-coding RNAs that exhibit more than twofold up- or down-regulation upon differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Here, we focus on the Men epsilon/beta locus, which is up-regulated 3.3-fold during differentiation. Two non-coding RNA isoforms are produced from a single RNA polymerase II promoter, differing in the location of their 3' ends. Men epsilon is a 3.2-kb polyadenylated RNA, whereas Men beta is an approximately 20-kb transcript containing a genomically encoded poly(A)-rich tract at its 3'-end. The 3'-end of Men beta is generated by RNase P cleavage. The Men epsilon/beta transcripts are localized to nuclear paraspeckles and directly interact with NONO. Knockdown of MEN epsilon/beta expression results in the disruption of nuclear paraspeckles. Furthermore, the formation of paraspeckles, after release from transcriptional inhibition by DRB treatment, was suppressed in MEN epsilon/beta-depleted cells. Our findings indicate that the MEN epsilon/beta non-coding RNAs are essential structural/organizational components of paraspeckles.
Bovine and porcine heparins: different drugs with similar effects on human haemodialysis (2013)

The reduced anticoagulant activity achieved in the plasma of patients under dialysis using bovine instead of porcine heparin did not affect significantly the patients or the dialyzer.
Analysis of the Effects of Oxygen Supply and Demand on Hypoxic Fraction in Tumors (1995)

The extent of hypoxic regions in a tumor tissue depends on the arrangement, blood flow rate and blood oxygen content of microvessels, and on the tissue's oxygen consumption rate. Here, the effects of blood flow rate, blood oxygen content and oxygen consumption on hypoxic fraction are simulated theoretically, for a region whose microvascular geometry was derived from observations of a transplanted mammary andenocarcinoma (R3230AC) in a rat dorsal skin flap preparation. In the control state, arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg, consumption rate is 2.4 cm3 O2/100 g/min, and hypoxic fraction (tissue with PO2 < 3 mmHg) is 30%. Hypoxia is abolished by a reduction in consumption rate of at least 30%, relative to control, or an increase in flow rate by a factor of 4 or more, or an increase in arterial PO2 by a factor of 11 or more. These results suggest that reducing oxygen consumption rate may be more effective than elevating blood flow or oxygen content as a method to reduce tumor hypoxia.
Robust Head-Shoulder Detection Using a Two-Stage Cascade Framework (2014)

Head-shoulder detection is widely used in many applications, and robust image descriptors are crucial to the detection performance. In this paper, by exploiting the second-order region covariance descriptor as a complement to widely-used histogram-based descriptors, we propose a new two-stage coarse-to-fine cascade framework to make full use of both types of descriptors for robust head-shoulder detection. Specifically, in the first stage, two histogram-based descriptors, i.e., local Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and histogram of Local Binary Pattern (LBP), are utilized by a Viola-Jones classifier to rapidly reject most non-head-shoulder candidate windows. In contrast, the second stage further boost the performance via multiple kernel learning on Riemannian manifold formed by Region Covariance Matrix (RCM), a second-order statistic descriptor with stronger discriminative power. Experimental results on a public dataset demonstrate that our method improves detection rate significantly with satisfactory detection speed.
Verifying File System Consistency at Runtime (2011)

Existing file-system reliability methods, such as checksums, redundancy, or transactional updates, provide limited defenses against file-system bugs that cause disk corruption. The existing workarounds, based on using backups or repairing the file system, are painfully slow. Worse, the recovery is performed much after the error occurred, and thus may result in further corruption and data loss. We present a system that protects file system metadata from buggy file system operations. Our approach leverages modern file systems that provide crash consistency using transactional updates. We define declarative statements called "consistency invariants" for a file system. These invariants must be satisfied by each transaction being committed to disk to preserve file system integrity. By checking each transaction before it commits, we can minimize the damage caused by buggy file systems. The major challenges to this approach are specifying invariants, and correctly interpreting file system behaviour without relying on the file system code. Our prototype system, called Recon, provides a framework for file-system specific metadata interpretation and invariant checking. We show the feasibility of interpreting metadata and writing consistency invariants for the Linux ext3 and btrfs file systems in this framework. For ext3, Recon can detect random as well as targeted file-system corruption at runtime as effectively as the offline e2fsck file-system checker, with low performance overhead.
T cells as secondary players in rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 1% of the general population worldwide [1]. The pathogenesis of RA remains a subject of debate, and many paradigms have been proposed and disputed over the years. The concept of autoimmunity in RA appeared in the 1940’s when it was first appreciated that self-reacting antibodies (rheumatoid factors) are present in the blood of most patients with RA [2]. Subsequently, advances in immunological techniques established the framework for the “extravascular immune complex” hypothesis in the early 1970’s [3-5]. This theory speculated that the inflammatory response in RA is initiated by the local production of rheumatoid factors and/or antibody directed against an undefined antigen. This, in turn, leads to complement fixation and generation of chemotactic molecules that attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes into joints. Hydrolytic enzymes contained within lysozomal granules are then released during phagocytosis of immune complexes and mediate the destructive process in the RA joint [6]. However, many questions remain unanswered by this model, especially mechanisms of synoviocyte invasion into articular cartilage.
Structuring depth-first search algorithms in Haskell (1995)

Depth-first search is the key to a wide variety of graph algorithms. In this paper we express depth-first search in a lazy functional language, obtaining a linear-time implementation. Unlike traditional imperative presentations, we use the structuring methods of functional languages to construct algorithms from individual reusable components. This style of algorithm construction turns out to be quite amenable to formal proof, which we exemplify through a calculational-style proof of a far from obvious strongly-connected components algorithm.
Role of the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor: inhibition of early hematopoiesis. (1994)

Biological effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are mediated through two cell surface receptors, the 55-kDa TNF receptor and the 75-kDa TNF receptor. The present study investigated the relative roles of the two TNF receptors in normal hematopoiesis. Using agonists (antibodies) specific for the 55- and 75-kDa TNF receptors, we demonstrate differential roles of the two TNF receptors in hematopoiesis in that only the 55-kDa TNF receptor mediates antiproliferative effects of TNF-alpha on mature Lin- hematopoietic progenitor cells responding to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or interleukin 3 alone. In contrast, the 75-kDa TNF receptor is essential in mediating inhibition of primitive Lin-Sca-1+ high-proliferative-potential colony-forming cells and inhibition of the total number of proliferative clones of individually cultured Lin-Sca-1+Rh123lo and Lin-Sca-1+Rh123hi cells.
GPRC5A:  A potential tumor suppressor and oncogene (2009)

Commentary to:Mechanisms underlying the induction of the putative human tumor suppressor GPRC5A by Retinoic acidXiaofeng Ye, Qingguo Tao, Yafan Wang, Yijun Cheng, Reuben Lotan
Synergistic activity between lauric arginate and carvacrol in reducing Salmonella in ground turkey (2013)

In the present study, low concentrations of carvacrol (0.025 to 0.2%) and lauric arginate (LAE; 25 to 200 ppm) were tested at 4, 22, and 45°C in a broth model, and higher concentrations of carvacrol (0.1 to 5%) and LAE (200 to 5,000 ppm) were tested individually and in combination at 4°C in 3 different ground turkey samples (with 15, 7, and 1% fat content) for their effectiveness against a 3-strain mixture of Salmonella. A low concentration of 25 ppm of LAE or 0.025% carvacrol had no effect on Salmonella in a broth model, but their mixture showed a synergistic action by reducing 6 log cfu/mL Salmonella counts to a nondetectable level within 30 min of exposure. The US Food and Drug Administration-recommended 200 ppm of LAE was not sufficient for Salmonella reductions in ground turkey when applied internally. High concentrations of 2,000 to 5,000 ppm of LAE or 1 to 2% carvacrol were needed to reduce Salmonella counts by 2 to 5 log cfu/g in ground turkey by internal application. No specific relationship existed between fat content and LAE or carvacrol concentrations for Salmonella reductions. For example, 2,000 ppm of LAE could reduce Salmonella counts by 4 log cfu/g in 1% fat-containing turkey samples but very similar ~1.5 log cfu/g reductions in both 7 and 15% fat-containing ground turkey samples. For the total microbial load, about 2,000 ppm of LAE or 2% of carvacrol treatments were needed to achieve 2 to 3 log (P ≤ 0.05) cfu/g reductions in different turkey samples. A mixture of 1% carvacrol and 2,000 ppm of LAE exhibited a synergistic action in ground turkey containing 7% fat by reducing the Salmonella counts by 4 log cfu/g, which was not found with individual antimicrobial treatments.
Telescopic Vector Composition and Polar Accumulated Motion Residuals for Feature Extraction in Arabic Sign Language Recognition (2007)

This work introduces two novel approaches for feature extraction applied to video-based Arabic sign language recognition, namely, motion representation through motion estimation and motion representation through motion residuals. In the former, motion estimation is used to compute the motion vectors of a video-based deaf sign or gesture. In the preprocessing stage for feature extraction, the horizontal and vertical components of such vectors are rearranged into intensity images and transformed into the frequency domain. In the second approach, motion is represented through motion residuals. The residuals are then thresholded and transformed into the frequency domain. Since in both approaches the temporal dimension of the video-based gesture needs to be preserved, hidden Markov models are used for classification tasks. Additionally, this paper proposes to project the motion information in the time domain through either telescopic motion vector composition or polar accumulated differences of motion residuals. The feature vectors are then extracted from the projected motion information. After that, model parameters can be evaluated by using simple classifiers such as Fisher's linear discriminant. The paper reports on the classification accuracy of the proposed solutions. Comparisons with existing work reveal that up to 39% of the misclassifications have been corrected.
Riding the deadwood stage: Reflections on place, identity and the National Rugby League (2008)

Sherlock Holmes once told his colleague Dr Watson that his method of detection involved 'the observance of trifles'. Many of my friends consider rugby league a trifle and are surprised by my long 'observance' of it. Apparently a physically challenged, non-drinking librarian does not fit the stereotype. Nevertheless, mysterious as it might seem to some, I am a rugby league fan and that is the subject of this paper.
Mobile Phone-Based Self-Management Tools for Type 2 Diabetes: The Few Touch Application (2010)

It was shown that it is possible and feasible to design an application where several sensors and feedback applications are integrated in an overall system. The presented Few Touch application challenges people with type 2 diabetes to think about how they can improve their health, providing them with a way to capture and analyze relevant personal information about their disease. The half-year user intervention demonstrated that the system had a motivational effect on the users.
Ultra-Low Power Direct-Conversion 16 QAM Transmitter Based on Doherty Power Amplifier (2016)

This letter presents a fully-integrated umW,ltra-low power (ULP) direct-conversion transmitter. For an ULP modulation, a voltage-driven passive-mixer is optimized with a super source follower (SSF) having a low-output impedance. Also, a linear Doherty PA is proposed for a good back-off efficiency. For transmitting a 16-QAM signal with PAPR of 7.5 dB, the efficiency of the Doherty PA is 14% with the ACLR of -30.1 dBc and the EVM of 5.8% at the average output power of -7.66 dBm. The baseband buffer and the mixer including the non-overlapping 4-phase clock generator consumes 0.59 and 0.51 mW, respectively, and the measured power consumption of the transmitter chain is 2.59 mW. The transmitter is implemented using 28 nm CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.525 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Generation of configuration space obstacles: the case of a moving sphere (1988)

Algebraic algorithms are presented for generating the boundary of configuration space obstacles arising from the motion of a sphere among obstacles. The boundaries of the obstacles are given by patches of algebraic surfaces. Algorithms are given for both implicit and parametric surface patches. Both convex and nonconvex obstacles are considered. In the case of convex obstacles, the topology of convolution faces is the same as the adjacency graph of faces, edges, and vertices of the obstacle. Further, there are no redundancies in the convolution faces. Redundancies on the convolution can occur in the case of nonconvex obstacles. It is possible to detect these redundancies from the the intersections and self-intersections of convolution faces. Simple solids are also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>