gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of Ions Using Polyelectrolyte-Modified Nanoporous Track-Etched Membranes (2013)

Selective ion exclusion from charged nanopores in track-etched membranes allows separation of ions with different charges or mobilities. This study examines pressure-driven transport of dissolved ions through track-etched membranes modified by adsorption of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/protonated poly(allylamine) (PAH) films. For nominal 30 nm pores modified with a single layer of PSS, Br(-)/SO4(2-) selectivities are ∼3.4 with SO4(2-) rejections around 85% due to selective electrostatic exclusion of the divalent anion from the negatively charged pore. Corresponding membranes containing an adsorbed PSS/PAH bilayer are positively charged and exhibit average K(+)/Mg(2+) selectivities >10 at 8 mM ionic strength, and Mg(2+) rejections are >97.5% at ionic strengths <5 mM. The high rejection of Mg(2+) compared to SO4(2-) likely results from both a smaller pore size after deposition of the PAH layer and higher surface charge because of Mg(2+) adsorption. Simultaneous modeling of K(+) and Mg(2+) rejections using the nonlinearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation gives an average modified pore diameter of 8.4 ± 2.1 nm, which does not vary significantly with ionic strength. This diameter is smaller than that calculated from hydraulic permeabilities and estimated pore densities, suggesting that narrow regions near the pore entrance control ion transport. In addition to simple electrostatic exclusion, streaming potentials lead to differing rejections of Br(-) and acetate in PSS/PAH-modified pores, and of Li(+) and Cs(+) in PSS-modified pores. For these cases, electrical migration of ions toward the feed solution results in higher rejection of the more mobile ion.
Fatty acid patterns early after premature birth, simultaneously analysed in mothers' food, breast milk and serum phospholipids of mothers and infants (2009)

Although dietary w3 FAs were insufficient in an unselected cohort of mothers of premature infants, breastfeeding resulted in increased levels of DHA in the premature infants at the expense of the mothers, suggesting a general need to increase dietary w3 FAs during pregnancy and lactation.
ROLE OF REDOX POTENTIAL OF HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIERS ON METHEMOGLOBIN REDUCTION BY PLASMA COMPONENTS (2002)

A functional requirement for all hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) is the maintenance of the heme-iron in the reduced state. This is necessary for the reversible binding/release of molecular oxygen and minimization of methemoglobin (Fe+3) formation. Acellular hemoglobins are especially susceptible to oxidation and denaturation. In the absence of the intrinsic reducing systems of the red blood cell, the reduced heme-Fe+2 can be oxidized to form increasing levels of methemoglobin that can give rise to free radicals and oxidative cellular damage. If acellular HBOCs are to be utilized as red cell substitutes for oxygen delivery, these carriers must be stabilized in the plasma, the carrier medium. Normal plasma contains reducing components, such as ascorbic acid and glutathione, that can afford protection to these acellular HBOCs through electron-transfer mediated processes. For these components to provide effective reduction to an HBOC, a favorable reduction potential difference must exist between the reducing agent and the HBOC. Using a modified thin-layer spectroelectrochemical method, a determination of the formal reduction potential (vs. Ag/AgCl) of several oxygen carriers, including monomeric myoglobin, tetrameric HbA and HbS, chemically cross-linked HbXL99alpha, polymerized oxyglobin (FDA approved for canine anemia), and the natural cross-linked polymeric Lumbricus hemoglobin, have been determined. In contrast to the negative formal reduction potentials (-155 to -50 mV) obtained for Mb, HbA, HbS, HbXL99alpha, and oxyglobin, Lumbricus hemoglobin exhibited a positive formal reduction potential (approximately 100 mV). These results may help explain the greater effectiveness of the tested reducing agents to reduce met Lumbricus hemoglobin, compared to the other HBOCs, back to the required reduced form necessary for physiological binding/release of oxygen. Each reducing agent was capable of reducing met Lumbricus hemoglobin to the fully reduced state, although the kinetics of these reactions were different. HbA, HbXL99alpha, and oxyglobin were only partially reduced (10 to 37%) by glutathione, beta-NADH, and ascorbic acid under similar conditions.
Characterizing cellular immune response to kinetoplastid membrane protein‐11 (KMP‐11) during <i>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis</i> infection using dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (2003)

In vitro peptide binding assays and DCs pulsed with recombinant KMP-11 (rKMP-11) plus six 20-mer overlapping peptides covering the entire protein of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (L(V)p) promastigotes were used to identify T-cell epitopes in this protein. Such in vitro binding assays, using HLA DRB1* 0101, -0401, -0701 and -1101 alleles, demonstrated that two peptide sequences (DEEFNKKMQEQNAKFFADKP and FKHKFAELLEQQKAAQYPSK) exhibited high HLA DRB1* 0401 allele binding capacity. rKMP-11 specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, derived from 13 volunteers exposed to the parasite, suggested that using autologous DCs as APCs becomes advantageous in uncovering T-cell epitopes promoting proliferation and differences in IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in T-cells from volunteers with ACTIVE and CURED undetectable disease when other APCs were used. The two peptides which bound in vitro to the HLA DRB1* 0401 allele were immunogenic in HLA DRB1* 04 volunteers, thus validating the use of in vitro binding assays for predicting epitopes in this protein. The experimental approach used here may prove useful for characterizing T-cell epitopes in a protein useful in designing peptide-based vaccine candidates for Leishmania and other intracellular pathogens.
Partial update LMS algorithms (2005)

Partial updating of LMS filter coefficients is an effective method for reducing computational load and power consumption in adaptive filter implementations. This paper presents an analysis of convergence of the class of Sequential Partial Update LMS algorithms (S-LMS) under various assumptions and shows that divergence can be prevented by scheduling coefficient updates at random, which we call the Stochastic Partial Update LMS algorithm (SPU-LMS). Specifically, under the standard independence assumptions, for wide sense stationary signals, the S-LMS algorithm converges in the mean if the step-size parameter /spl mu/ is in the convergent range of ordinary LMS. Relaxing the independence assumption, it is shown that S-LMS and LMS algorithms have the same sufficient conditions for exponential stability. However, there exist nonstationary signals for which the existing algorithms, S-LMS included, are unstable and do not converge for any value of /spl mu/. On the other hand, under broad conditions, the SPU-LMS algorithm remains stable for nonstationary signals. Expressions for convergence rate and steady-state mean-square error of SPU-LMS are derived. The theoretical results of this paper are validated and compared by simulation through numerical examples.
‘Pious Flames’: European encounters with<b><i>Sati</i></b>before 18051 (2004)

On 4 December 1829 the governor‐general of India Lord William Bentinck promulgated a regulation prohibiting the burning or burying alive of Hindu widows. This interference with Hindu custom was jus...
Expression of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide in human thyroid tumours (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in human thyroid tissues. The presence of PTHrP was studied immunohistochemically in 107 consecutive patients with human thyroid tumours. PTHrP expression was revealed in 97.6 per cent of carcinomas, but not in paranodal normal thyroid epithelial cells. Although there were no differences in the incidence of PTHrP positivity among papillary, follicular, and anaplastic carcinoma cases, PTHrP expression levels were correlated with the growth pattern of thyroid cancer. Strong immunopositivity was detected in 67.3 per cent of papillary growth tissues in papillary carcinomas. A tissue growth pattern consisting of colloid-absent follicles had a high incidence of strong immunopositivity irrespective of the histological type of tumour. Anaplastic carcinoma without colloid production also showed strong immunoreactivity in all cases. In contrast, a growth pattern of colloid-rich follicles did not show strong immunopositivity in either papillary or follicular carcinomas. Follicular adenomas showed positive immunostaining in only one case, and no adenomatous goitres showed PTHrP antigens. In situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed strong PTHrP mRNA in thyroid cancer tissues, but not in normal thyroid tissues. PTHrP expression was not associated with metastasis, calcification, or hypercalcaemia in thyroid cancers. These results suggest that the expression of PTHrP in human thyroids is closely related to the malignant alteration of normal thyroid epithelial cells, especially in the growth pattern of thyroid carcinoma tissues.
Zika Virus and Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Considerations (2016)

The latest Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has reached epidemic proportions as it spreads throughout South and Central America. In November 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported a 20-fold increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly, which corresponds geographically and temporally to the ZIKV outbreak. Case reports have provided some evidence of a causal link between maternal ZIKV infection, fetal microcephaly, and intracranial calcifications. The sparse data regarding ZIKV in pregnancy come solely from case reports and personal communications, and recommendations for management of ZIKV exposure during pregnancy are rapidly evolving. Our objective is to review and synthesize the current literature regarding ZIKV as it pertains to pregnancy and provide some assistance to clinicians who may have to manage a pregnant patient with potential exposure to ZIKV. We will also explore certain aspects of related viruses in pregnancy in hopes to shed light on this little-known topic.
La conexión emocional con el color. Los colores que más y menos gustan en España y sus significados (2018)

La relación tanto racional como emocional que tenemos con los colores y establecen preferencias tanto a favor como en contra. Se dice que “para gustos los colores” sin embargo hay un código asociativo y claves comunes respecto a cómo nos relacionamos con los colores. En este estudio se aportan los resultados de una encuesta sobre una población de 2.064 personas de ambos sexos, entre los 15 y 85 años y de todas las comunidades y ciudades autónomas de España.
Minimum BER power allocation for MIMO spatial multiplexing systems (2005)

Power allocation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing systems is investigated. Minimization of bit error rate (MBER) is employed as the optimization criterion. MBER power allocation schemes for a variety of receiver structures, including zero-forcing (ZF), successive interference cancellation (SIC), and ordered SIC (OSIC), are proposed. It is shown that the newly proposed MBER power allocation schemes improve error rate performance. Simulation results indicate that SIC and OSIC with MBER power allocation outperform MBER precoding for ZF equalization as well as minimum mean squared-error (MMSE) preceding/decoding. Performance under noisy channels and power feedback is analyzed. A modified algorithm that mitigates error propagation in interference cancellation is developed. Compared to existing precoding methods, the proposed schemes significantly reduce both processing complexity and feedback overhead, and improve error rate performance.
Elements of Body Language (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Eyes Face Gestures Touch Posture Movement Appearance Voice Chapter 3 Takeaways Chapter 3 Worksheet
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Carboxyl Ester Lipase Gene in Exocrine Pancreas (1998)

The human carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) is an important enzyme for the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids. The gene is highly expressed in exocrine pancreas and in the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. In this paper, we have focused on its transcriptional regulation in exocrine pancreas. Reporter gene analysis in cell cultures reveals that a high level of tissue-specific expression is established by the proximal 839 base pairs of the 5'-flanking region. This is due to a strong enhancer, located at -672 to -637. Transfections in mammary gland-derived cells reveal that the enhancer is pancreas-specific and does not contribute to the mammary gland expression. This indicates that the expression of the CEL gene in the mammary gland and pancreas, respectively, is due to two different regulatory systems. Further characterizations of the enhancer reveal that it is composed of two closely located cis-elements. The proximal element mediates a positive effect, whereas the distal element exerts a silencing effect on the positive proximal element. The functional enhancer complex is composed of ubiquitously expressed factors, since similar interactions are achieved with nuclear extracts from cells derived from other tissues. However, no enhancer activity is achieved in such cells. Hence, the net enhancer activity is the result of a tissue-specific balance between factors interacting with the two elements. Since none of the described cis-elements show any clear homology to known cis-elements, we propose that the interacting complex is composed of yet unidentified transcription factors.
Writing secure code : プログラマのためのセキュリティ対策テクニック (2004)

第３部 さらにセキュアなコーディングテクニック（ソケットのセキュリティ；ＲＰＣ、ＡｃｔｉｖｅＸコントロール、ＤＣＯＭのセキュリティ；ＤｏＳ攻撃への対処；．ＮＥＴのセキュアなコーディング） 第４部 その他のセキュリティトピック（プログラムのセキュリティテスト；セキュリティコードレビューの実施；インストール時のセキュリティ；プライバシーを組み込んだアプリケーションの開発；セキュリティのベストプラクティス；セキュリティ関連のドキュメントとエラーメッセージの作成） 第５部 付録
Clonidine - a potent analgesic adjuvant (2002)

During the past decade clonidine has been investigated as an adjuvant for general and regional anaesthesia and in the postoperative period. There is no doubt that clonidine improves analgesia after systemic, spinal or peripheral opioids, and prolongs the analgesic action of most local anaesthetics. The side-effects of usual doses of clonidine are predictable. Given the clinical experience of an increasing number of hospitals, clonidine should no longer be considered an experimental drug, but a useful addendum to the pharmacological armamentarium.
An Experimental Study of Roundoff Effects in a Tenth-Order Recursive Digital Filter (1973)

This paper reports experimental measurements of limitcycle amplitude and period in digital recursive filters. The results that were obtained on two cascaded forms of a tenth-order filter show good agreement with existing theoretical bounds. (The bounds only apply to single second-order sections because analysis of cascaded sections is difficult.) Roundoff noise of the filter was measured and it agreed both in spectral shape and total power with that predicted by computer simulation. Some preliminary observations on relative magnitude of limit cycle and roundoff noise were made. In addition, the gradual buildup of a signal through a limit cycle was observed and 1 bit of noise in the least significant bit (LSB) in the filter was seen to break up limit cycles.
Electrolytes Dissolved in Polymers (1989)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Nanoparticle Imaging with Polarization Interferometric Nonlinear Confocal Microscope (2014)

Polarization interferometric nonlinear confocal microscope has been developed for single nanoparticle analysis of drug delivery system (DDS). The microscope is a system based on a low cost and low power continuous wave (CW) laser light source. Also, the microscope observed shape anisotropy of the 200 nm diameter nanoparticle. According to nanoparticle imaging and CTF (contrast transfer function) curve observation of the microscope, three-dimensional resolution of the microscope measured up to 10 nm.
The human prointerleukin 1 beta gene requires DNA sequences both proximal and distal to the transcription start site for tissue-specific induction. (1993)

In these studies, we have identified DNA sequences and specific protein interactions necessary for transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta (proIL-1 beta) gene. A cell-type-independent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive enhancer element located between -3757 and -2729 bp upstream from the transcription start site (cap site) consisted of at least six discrete subregions which were essential to the maximal induction by LPS in transfected monocytes. The enhancer also appeared to mediate phorbol myristate acetate induction in monocytes and IL-1 responsiveness in fibroblasts. Deletion and base substitution mutations along with DNA binding studies demonstrated that the enhancer contained a minimum of three functional protein binding sequences, two of which appeared to be important for gene induction. One of the essential proteins which bound to the enhancer was similar or identical to members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors required for both IL-1- and LPS-specific induction of the IL-6 gene (i.e., the NF-IL6 proteins). When ligated to the proIL-1 beta cap site-proximal region (located between -131 to +12), both the proIL-1 beta and the simian virus 40 enhancer elements functioned more efficiently in monocytes than in HeLa cells, which are not normally competent for IL-1 beta expression. When ligated to the murine c-fos promoter, however, the proIL-1 beta enhancer was inducible in phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated HeLa cells, suggesting the existence of a proIL-1 beta promoter-proximal requirement for tissue specificity.
Effects of post‐hepatectomized rat sera on cultured cells (1969)

Abstract These experiments suggest that serum obtained subsequent to partial hepatectomy of rats is capable of stimulating the growth of and enhancing the final population and cell viability achieved in antibiotic‐free suspension cultures of L929 cells. Preliminary enzymatic inhibition of post‐hepatectomy serum suggests that one of the humoral factors involved may be RNA.
Structural Effects of Phosphorus Inclusion in Bioactive Silicate Glasses (2007)

Molecular dynamics simulations of four bioactive silicate glasses containing between 0 (P0) and 12 (P12) mol % P2O5 have been carried out in order to elucidate the structural role of phosphorus in these materials. In particular, we have focused on structural features which can have a direct role in the bioactive mechanism of dissolution and bone bonding. The higher affinity of modifier Na and Ca cations for coordinating phosphate rather than silicate, together with the formation of P-O-Si linkages, lead to increasing repolymerization of the silicate network with increasing P2O5 content, which in principle would represent a negative effect of P inclusion on the glass bioactivity. However, this effect is counterbalanced by the concomitant increase in the amount of free orthophosphate groups, whose fast release is deemed to enhance the bioactivity. The strong affinity of the orthophosphates for calcium ions leads to a clear tendency toward separation of silicate-rich and phosphate-rich phases for the P12 composition. Although this could reduce the bioactivity in the case of P12, in general, the favorable balance between the effects mentioned above should result in a positive effect of partial Si --> P substitution on the glass bioactivity.
Wastewater management strategies for sustained shale gas production (2020)

Abstract Recent advances in shale gas development have largely outpaced efforts to manage associated waste streams that pose significant environmental risks. Wastewater management presents significant challenges in the Marcellus shale, where increasing fluid volumes concomitant with expanding development will threaten to overwhelm existing infrastructure over the next decade. In this work, we forecast growth in drilling, flowback, and produced fluid volumes through 2025 based on historic data and consider conventional and alternative disposal options to meet future demands. The results indicate that nearly 12 million m 3 (74 MMbbl) of wastewater will be generated annually by 2025. Even assuming wastewater recycling rates in the region rebound, meeting increased demands for wastewater that cannot be reused due to poor quality or logistics would require significant capital investment to expand existing disposal pathways, namely treatment and discharge at centralized facilities or dedicated brine injection in Ohio. Here, we demonstrate the logistical and environmental advantages of an alternative strategy: repurposing depleted oil and gas wells for dedicated injection of wastewater that cannot otherwise be reused or recycled. Hubs of depleted wells could accommodate projected increases in wastewater volumes more efficiently than existing disposal options, primarily because the proximity of depleted wells to active production sites would substantially reduce wastewater transport distances and associated costs. This study highlights the need to reevaluate regional-scale shale wastewater management practices in the context of evolving wastewater qualities and quantities, as strategic planning will result in more socially and economically favorable options while avoiding adverse environmental impacts that have overshadowed the environmental benefits of natural gas expansion in the energy sector.
Meta-analysis of mock crime studies of the control question polygraph technique. (1988)

A review of results obtained from standard guilty and innocent treatment conditions in 14 mock crime studies of the control question polygraph technique revealed accuracies ranging from chance to 100% correct. The present study examined several factors that may have contributed to the observed variability in detection rates across studies. Those included sampling error, differences in the populations from which subjects were drawn (Subjects), differences in the nature of incentives provided to subjects for passing the polygraph test (Incentives), and differences in the methods for diagnosing truth or deception (Decision Policy). A meta-analysis revealed that approximately 24% of the variance in detection rates could be attributed to sampling error, and detection rates were correlated with types of Subjects (r=.61). Incentives (r=.73), and Decision Policies (r=.67). The highest diagnostic accuracies were obtained from nonstudent subject samples, when both guilty and innocent subjects were offered monetary incentives to convince the examiner of their innocence, and when conventional field methods were used for interpreting the physiological recordings and diagnosing truth and deception. Together, differences in Subjects, Incentives, and Decision Policies may account for as much as 65% of the observed variance in detection rates. The present findings highlight the importance of conducting mock crime experiments that closely approximate field conditions.