gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (2018)

Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes associated with heart failure are considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without diabetes mellitus. In people with diabetes mellitus, the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, has led to the descriptive terminology, diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasing in parallel with the increase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure. Impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevations in advanced glycation end products and collagen-based cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium handling, inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of cardiac metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes include abnormalities in AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, protein kinase C, microRNA, and exosome pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of these instigators of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as mechanistically based strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Synthesis and properties of phosphoramidite derivatives of modified nucleosides. (1986)

Protected N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (d-m6A), 2-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine (d-a2A), 2'-deoxyinosine (dI), 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (d-m5C) and deoxyuridine (dU) were reacted with bis(diisopropylamino)methoxyphosphine in the presence of diisopropylammonium tetrazolide as the activating reagent to gie the corresponding phosphoramidite derivatives in yields of 100, 65, 90, 78 and 65%, respectively. The 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the products were measured. Using these compounds, dinucleotides and trinucleotides were synthesized on a long-chain alkylamine controlled pore glass (LCA-CPG) in quantitative yields.The stability of 6-methyldeoxyadenosine and N, N-diisobutyryl-2-aminodeoxyadenosine to acid was examined. When protected di- and trinucleotides (m6A-T, a2A-T, T-m6A-T, T-a2A-T)bound to the support (LCA-CPG) were treated with 3% trichloroacetic acid in dichloromethane, depurination was negligible within 10 min (dinucleotide) or 60 min (trinucleotide).
Extracting parallelism in Fortran by translation to a single assignment intermediate form (2002)

The paper presents MUSTANG, a system for translating Fortran to single assignment form in an effort to automatically extract parallelism. Specifically, a sequential Fortran source program is translated into IF1, a machine-independent dataflow graph description language that is the intermediate form for the SISAL language. During this translation, Parafrase 2 is used to detect opportunities for parallelization which are then explicitly introduced into the IF1 program. The resulting IF1 program is then processed by the Optimizing SISAL Compiler which produces parallel executables on multiple target platforms. The execution results of several Livermore Loops are presented and compared against Fortran and SISAL implementations on two different platforms. The results show that the translation is an efficient method for exploiting parallelism from the sequential Fortran source code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discrepancies in Weil-Felix and microimmunofluorescence test results for Rocky Mountain spotted fever (1979)

Only 4.2% of 284 single specimens and 17.6% of 51 pairs of sera reactive in Weil-Felix agglutination tests for Rocky Mountain spotted fever were confirmed by a specific Rickettsia rickettsii microimmunofluorescence test.
DNA binding specificity of the Arc and Mnt repressors is determined by a short region of N-terminal residues. (1989)

The Arc and Mnt repressors of phage P22 are related proteins that bind to different operator DNA sites. By creating a hybrid Arc-Mnt protein, we show that the binding specificity of Mnt can be switched to that of Arc by replacing six residues at the N terminus of Mnt with the corresponding nine residues from Arc.
The Generalized Reciprocal Method of Seismic Refraction Interpretation (1980)

“In this monograph, the author describes a new comprehensive method of interpretation, the generalized reciprocal method (GRM), for which many of the previously presented methods are special cases. It also has the advantage of combining many of the better features of the individual methods.”
Efficient and solvent-free microwave-accelerated synthesis of isothiocyanates using Lawesson’s reagent (2005)

A new and practical procedure for the synthesis of isothiocyanates is described. A series of iso-thiocyanates (ITC) was readily obtained from the corresponding isocyanates (IC) using Lawesson’s Reagent (LR) under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions.
Properties of a variable digital filter for smoothing and resolution enhancement (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of a variable digital filter for smoothing and resolution enhancementGerhard. Biermann and Horst. ZieglerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 3, 536–539Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00294a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00294a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bromination of Butyl Rubber in the Presence of Electrophilic Solvents and Oxidizing Agents (2000)

Abstract Bromination of 1,4-isoprene units in butyl rubber proceeds by substitution leading to the formation of hydrogen bromide as byproduct. In-situ conversion of HBr back to bromine is possible by the use of oxidizing agents but the reaction is very slow and oxidation of the polymer may occur. The reaction is complex and is typically conducted in a two-phase system. It has been found that the rate-controlling step is the bromination of the 1,4-isoprene unit in the organic phase, and not the oxidation of HBr to Br 2 in the water phase or the mass transfer of HBr or Br 2 between phases. Increasing the electrophilicity of the organic phase dramatically increased the overall rate. A 90–95 wt % conversion of bromine was achieved in one minute. Side or consecutive reactions (oxidation of the polymer, hydrobromination of the unsaturation, rearrangement or dehydrohalogenation of the main product) could be avoided, allowing the synthesis of a highly uniform material.
Monitoring of Cigarette Smoking Using Wearable Sensors and Support Vector Machines (2013)

Cigarette smoking is a serious risk factor for cancer, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. Current methods of monitoring of cigarette smoking habits rely on various forms of self-report that are prone to errors and under reporting. This paper presents a first step in the development of a methodology for accurate and objective assessment of smoking using noninvasive wearable sensors (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker-PACT) by demonstrating feasibility of automatic recognition of smoke inhalations from signals arising from continuous monitoring of breathing and hand-to-mouth gestures by support vector machine classifiers. The performance of subject-dependent (individually calibrated) models was compared to performance of subject-independent (group) classification models. The models were trained and validated on a dataset collected from 20 subjects performing 12 different activities representative of everyday living (total duration 19.5 h or 21,411 breath cycles). Precision and recall were used as the accuracy metrics. Group models obtained 87% and 80% of average precision and recall, respectively. Individual models resulted in 90% of average precision and recall, indicating a significant presence of individual traits in signal patterns. These results suggest the feasibility of monitoring cigarette smoking by means of a wearable and noninvasive sensor system in free living conditions.
Isolation of human and mouse genes based on homology to REC2, a recombinational repair gene from the fungus  <i>Ustilago maydis</i> (1997)

A human and a mouse gene have been isolated based on homology to a recombinational repair gene from the corn smut Ustilago maydis. The new human (h) gene, termed hREC2, bears striking resemblance to several others, including hRAD51 and hLIM15. hREC2 is located on human chromosome 14 at q23-24. The overall amino acid sequence reveals characteristic elements of a RECA-like gene yet harbors an src-like phosphorylation site curiously absent from hRAD51 and hLIM15. Unlike these two relatives, hREC2 is expressed in a wide range of tissues including lung, liver, placenta, pancreas, leukocytes, colon, small intestine, brain, and heart, as well as thymus, prostate, spleen, and uterus. Of greatest interest is that hREC2 is undetectable by reverse transcription-coupled PCR in tissue culture unless the cells are treated by ionizing radiation.
Human Septal Chondrocyte Redifferentiation in Alginate, Polyglycolic Acid Scaffold, and Monolayer Culture (2003)

Of the systems compared, monolayer-expanded human septal chondrocytes demonstrated the greatest accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans per cell when grown in alginate beads. Future research on cartilage tissue engineering may use alginate culture for reverting dedifferentiated cells back to the chondrocytic phenotype.
τCouples the Leading- and Lagging-strand Polymerases at the Escherichia coli DNA Replication Fork (1996)

Synthesis of an Okazaki fragment occurs once every 1 or 2 s at the Escherichia coli replication fork. To account for the rapid recycling required of the lagging-strand polymerase, it has been proposed that it is held at the replication fork by protein-protein interactions with the leading-strand polymerase as part of a dimeric polymerase assembly. Solution studies showed that the replicative polymerase, the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, was indeed a dimer with two catalytic cores held together by the tau subunit. However, the functionality of this arrangement at the replication fork has never been demonstrated. We showed previously that the lagging-strand polymerase acted processively during multiple rounds of Okazaki fragment synthesis, i.e. the same polymerase core assembly synthesized each and every fragment made by the fork. Using extreme dilution of active replication forks and the isolation of protein-DNA complexes capable of supporting coupled leading- and lagging-strand synthesis, we demonstrate here that this coupling of leading- and lagging-strand synthesis is, in fact, mediated by the tau subunit of the holoenzyme acting as a physical bridge between the core assemblies synthesizing the leading and lagging strands.
Cloning and Characterization of an Armillaria gallica cDNA Encoding Protoilludene Synthase, Which Catalyzes the First Committed Step in the Synthesis of Antimicrobial Melleolides (2010)

Melleolides and related fungal sesquiterpenoid aryl esters are antimicrobial and cytotoxic natural products derived from cultures of the Homobasidiomycetes genus Armillaria. The initial step in the biosynthesis of all melleolides involves cyclization of the universal sesquiterpene precursor farnesyl diphosphate to produce protoilludene, a reaction catalyzed by protoilludene synthase. We achieved the partial purification of protoilludene synthase from a mycelial culture of Armillaria gallica and found that 6-protoilludene was its exclusive reaction product. Therefore, a further isomerization reaction is necessary to convert the 6-7 double bond into the 7-8 double bond found in melleolides. We expressed an A. gallica protoilludene synthase cDNA in Escherichia coli, and this also led to the exclusive production of 6-protoilludene. Sequence comparison of the isolated sesquiterpene synthase revealed a distant relationship to other fungal terpene synthases. The isolation of the genomic sequence identified the 6-protoilludene synthase to be present as a single copy gene in the genome of A. gallica, possessing an open reading frame interrupted with eight introns.
Platelet-Endothelial Interactions: Sepsis, HIT, and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2003)

Acquired abnormalities in platelets, endothelium, and their interaction occur in sepsis, immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Although of distinct pathogeneses, these three disorders have several clinical features in common, including thrombocytopenia and the potential for life- and limb-threatening thrombotic events, ranging from microvascular (sepsis > antiphospholipid > HIT) to macrovascular (HIT > antiphospholipid > sepsis) thrombosis, both venous and arterial. In Section I, Dr. William Aird reviews basic aspects of endothelial-platelet interactions as a springboard to considering the common problem of thrombocytopenia (and its mechanism) in sepsis. The relationship between thrombocytopenia and other aspects of the host response in sepsis, including activation of coagulation/inflammation pathways and the development of organ dysfunction, is discussed. Practical issues of platelet count triggers and targeted use of activated protein C concentrates are reviewed. In Section II, Dr. Theodore Warkentin describes HIT as a clinicopathologic syndrome, i.e., the diagnosis should be based on the concurrence of an appropriate clinical picture together with detection of platelet-activating and/or platelet factor 4-dependent antibodies (usually in high levels). HIT is a profound prothrombotic state (odds ratio for thrombosis, 20-40), and the risk for thrombosis persists for a time even when heparin is stopped. Thus, pharmacologic control of thrombin (or its generation), and postponing oral anticoagulation pending substantial resolution of thrombocytopenia, is appropriate. Indeed, coumarin-associated protein C depletion during uncontrolled thrombin generation of HIT can explain limb loss (coumarin-associated venous limb gangrene) or skin necrosis syndromes in some patients. In Section III, Dr. Jacob Rand presents the most recent concepts on the mechanisms of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome, and focuses on the role of beta(2)-glycoprotein I as a major antigenic target in this condition. Diagnosis of the syndrome is often complicated because the clinical laboratory tests to identify this condition have been empirically derived. Dr. Rand addresses the practical aspects of current testing for the syndrome and current recommendations for treating patients with thrombosis and with spontaneous pregnancy losses.
Synthesis of hyperbranched aromatic polyesters by carbon monoxide insertion reaction using palladium catalyst (2000)

Hyperbranched aromatic polyesters were synthesized by the polymerization of AB2 (3,5-dibromophenol) and A2B (5-bromoresorcinol and 5-iodoresorcinol) monomers through the palladium-catalyzed carbon monoxide insertion reaction. The polymerization of 3,5-dibromophenol resulted in a polymer with poor solubility, however, after the use of end-capping agents, polymers with good solubility in aprotic polar solvents were obtained. Hyperbranched aromatic polyesters prepared by the polymerization of 5-bromo- or 5-iodo-resorcinol gave low-molecular-weight polymers, but have good solubility without end-capping agents. The polymer from the AB2-type monomer was compared with the polymer from the A2B-type monomer. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive Glucose-Induced Change of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Poly[N,N-(dimethylacrylamide)-co-3-(acrylamido)-phenylboronic acid] in Physiological Saline (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitive Glucose-Induced Change of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Poly[N,N-(dimethylacrylamide)-co-3-(acrylamido)-phenylboronic acid] in Physiological SalineKazunori Kataoka, Hiroaki Miyazaki, Teruo Okano, and Yasuhisa SakuraiCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4, 1061–1062Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00082a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00082a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1612Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluoro-substituted N-nitrosamines. 5. Carcinogenicity of N-nitroso-bis-(4,4,4-trifluoro-n-butyl)amine in rats (1982)

N-Nitroso-bis-(4,4,4-trifluoro-n-butyl)amine (F-6-NDBA) has been synthesized as a derivative of the rat urinary bladder carcinogen N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA). Its chronic administration by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats induced a significant incidence of malignant tumors of the liver and the lungs. Tumors in the liver were diagnosed as multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas and those of the lungs were mainly squamous cell carcinomas. No tumors were observed in the urinary bladder. This confirms earlier results from metabolism and animal carcinogenicity experiments indicating the importance of metabolic oxidation at the terminal carbon atom of NDBA for its organ-specific effects. This metabolic omega-oxidation is blocked in F-6-NDBA.
Beam geometry, alignment, and wavefront aberration effects on interferometric differential wavefront sensing (2015)

Heterodyne interferometry is a widely accepted methodology with high resolution in many metrology applications. As a functionality enhancement, differential wavefront sensing (DWS) enables simultaneous measurement of displacement, pitch, and yaw using a displacement interferometry system and a single beam incident on a plane mirror target. The angular change is measured using a weighted phase average between symmetrically adjacent quadrant photodiode pairs. In this paper, we present an analytical model to predict the scaling of differential phase signals based on fundamental Gaussian beams. Several numerical models are presented to discuss the effects of physical beam parameters, detector size, system alignment errors, and beam wavefront aberrations on the DWS technique. The results of our modeling predict rotational scaling factors and a usable linear range. Furthermore, experimental results show the analytically predicted scaling factor is in good agreement with empirical calibration. Our three degree-of-freedom interferometer can achieve a resolution of 0.4 nm in displacement and 0.2 μrad in pitch and yaw simultaneously.
Small things make a big difference: binder effects on the performance of Li and Na batteries (2014)

Li and Na batteries are very important as energy storage devices for electric vehicles and smart grids. It is well known that, when an electrode is analysed in detail, each of the components (the active material, the conductive carbon, the current collector and the binder) makes a portion of contribution to the battery performance in terms of specific capacity, rate capability, cycle life, etc. However, there has not yet been a review on the binder, though there are already many review papers on the active materials. Binders make up only a small part of the electrode composition, but in some cases, they play an important role in affecting the cycling stability and rate capability for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) has been the mainstream binder, but there have been discoveries that aqueous binders can sometimes make a battery perform better, not to mention they are cheaper, greener, and easier to use for electrode fabrication. In this review, we focus on several kinds of promising electrode materials, to show how their battery performance can be affected significantly by binder materials: anode materials such as Si, Sn and transitional metal oxides; cathode materials such as LiFePO4, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, LiCoO2 and sulphur.
Analysis of the polyadenylation consensus sequence context in the genes of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins (1991)

A compilation of the pre-mRNA ends of the genes of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins resulted in a consensus sequence of the type (T/A)NTTNNNNNTTTNAATAAA. Nucleotide positions +8, +13, +14, +16 and +17 downstream of the AATAAA sequence show also a predominance of nucleotide T. This consensus sequence suggests the importance of the immediate surroundings of the cannonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA on the efficiency of the cleavage and polyadenylation of this specific group of pre-mRNAs.