gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamically directed multiscale assembly of shaped polymer fibers (2012)

A long-sought goal of material science is the development of fabrication processes by which synthetic materials can be made to mimic the multiscale organization many natural materials utilize to achieve unique functional and material properties. Here we demonstrate how the microfluidic fabrication of polymer fibers can take advantage of hydrodynamic forces to simultaneously direct assembly at the molecular and micron scales. The microfluidic device generates long fibers by initiating polymerization of a continuously flowing fluid via UV irradiation within the microfluidic channel. Prior to polymerization, hydrodynamic shear forces direct molecular scale assembly and a combination of hydrodynamic focusing and advection driven by grooves in the channel walls manipulate the cross-sectional shape of the pre-polymer stream. Polymerization subsequently locks in both molecular scale alignment and micron-scale fiber shape. This simple method for generating structures with multiscale organization could be useful for fabricating materials with multifunctionality or enhanced mechanical properties.
Safety with Ocrelizumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Ocrelizumab Phase III Program (2014)

STAGE ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00406419 SCRIPT ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00476996 FILM ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00485589 FEATURE ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00673920.
Motion aspects in joint image reconstruction and nonrigid motion estimation (2009)

I have been enjoying my Ph.D. program in Ann Arbor a lot not only because of all the interesting research topics, but also because of all people I have in my life. Without them, I wouldn’t be able to survive and finish this program. I would like to thank God for sending me to Michigan and orchestrating my life among all people I met in Ann Arbor. The personal walk with Him was the source of my strength for the last 6 years. I thank my late father, Ye Ki Jun, for supporting me in many different ways. Without his promise to support me for a year, I wouldn’t be able to come to the United States. I know that it would be him to be the happiest person for my Ph.D., but I am sad that he couldn’t enjoy this moment with my family. Many people will miss him. However, I am still thankful that I can share my joy with my family, my mother Soon Ja Park, my sister Mi Hyun Jeon, my brother-in-law Masafumi Fuchikami, and my nephew Harumitsu Fuchikami. Family gatherings in Korea and Japan always cheered me up. I would like to thank my advisor Jeff Fessler for many things. I have been really enjoying working with him. His intuition for the problem, his passion for the research, and his openness to any possibilities such as my naive ideas have inspired me and I’ve learned a lot from him. It has been my privilege to work with him. I would also like to thank
A High Frequency Dielectric Waveguide on the Antennae of Night-Flying Moths (Saturnidae) (1968)

When spines on the scape and pedicel of two species of saturnid moths were irradiated with visible coherent (6328 A) and incoherent radiation, the sensors responded to the light by sending a biphasic nerve impulse down the entire length of the central antennal nerve. The biphasic action potential apparently gates the antennae and prevents the moth from responding to environmental signals during daylight.
Size- and shape-controlled synthesis of ZnSe nanocrystals using SeO2 as selenium precursor (2010)

Here we report a low-cost and "green" phosphine-free route for the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of high-quality zinc blende (cubic) ZnSe nanocrystals. To avoid the use of expensive and toxic solvents such as trioctylphosphine (TOP) or tributylphosphine (TBP), SeO(2) was dispersed in 1-octadecene (ODE) as a chalcogen precursor. It has been found that the temperature and the surface ligand influenced the nucleation, the reaction speed and the formation of different shapes. Absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the characterization of the as-synthesized ZnSe nanocrystals. The size-dependent photoluminescence (PL) range of the as-prepared ZnSe nanocrystals was between 390 and 450 nm, with the PL full width at half-maximum (FWHM) well controlled between 14 and 18 nm and PL quantum yields reached up to 40% at room temperature. Moreover, this new selenium precursor can be used to form tetrapod-shaped ZnSe nanocrystals when zinc acetylacetonate was introduced as the zinc precursor with a one-pot method.
Atrial Fibrillation After DDDR Pacemaker Implantation (2002)

AF develops frequently after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. AF burden increases progressively over the long term.
Evaluation of Creep Properties of W-substituted 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel (2004)

The effect of the substitution of Tungsten(W) for Molybdenum(Mo) on the creep behaviour of 22Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel(DSS) has been investigated. Creep tests were carried out at . Intermetallic phase is precipitated during creep at , at which creep rupture time was much lower compared with at . The substitution of W for Mo in the duplex stainless steel was known to retard the formation of phase. Minimum creep rate and creep rupture time, however, were hardly influenced by the substitution of 2wt.% W. An ultrasonic measurement for the creep specimens has been carried out for the evaluation of creep damage. The sound velocity increases propotionally with the increase of creep rupture time at of creep temperature. On the contrary, the sound velocity decreases with the increase of rupture time at , which can be correlated with the microstructural evolution during creep.
Initial experiences with in vivo intravascular coronary vessel wall imaging (2003)

In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo intravascular coronary vessel wall imaging. Continued research is necessary to minimize coil motion and optimize coil sensitivity algorithms.
Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, conjugated to crystalline bacterial cell surface proteins, expands allergen-specific T cells of the Th1/Th0 phenotype in vitro by induction of IL-12 (1997)

Modulation of allergic immune responses by using adequate adjuvants is a promising concept for future immunotherapy of type I hypersensitivity. In the present study, recombinant Bet v 1 (rBet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen) was conjugated to cross-linked crystalline surface layer proteins (SL) derived from Gram-positive eubacteria. T cell lines (TCL) and clones (TCC) were established from peripheral blood of birch pollen-allergic patients. TCL and TCC were induced either using rBet v 1 alone or rBet v 1/SL conjugates (rBet v 1/SL) as initial antigen stimulus. Cytokine production after re-stimulation with rBet v 1 was investigated. TCL initiated with rBet v 1/SL showed significantly increased IFN-gamma production as compared to rBet v 1 -selected TCL. TCC were established from TCL of five patients. As expected, the majority of CD4+ TCC induced by rBet v 1 (55%) displayed a Th2-like pattern of cytokine production. However, only 21% of Bet v 1-specific TCC isolated from TCL established with the Bet v 1/SL revealed this phenotype. The majority of SL-specific TCC (80%) belonged to the Th1 phenotype. In cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both, SL and Bet v 1/SL (but not rBet v 1) stimulated the production of high levels of IL-12, a pivotal mediator of Th1 responses. Moreover, stimulation of rBet v 1-induced TCC with rBet v 1/SL led to an increased IFN-gamma production. This effect could be reversed by neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb. Together these results indicate an adjuvant effect of SL mediated by IL-12. Our results indicate that bacterial components, such as SL, displaying adjuvant effects may be suitable for immunotherapeutical vaccines for type I allergy.
Functional and topological diversity of LOV domain photoreceptors (2016)

Light-oxygen-voltage sensitive (LOV) flavoproteins are ubiquitous photoreceptors that mediate responses to environmental cues. Photosensory inputs are transduced into signaling outputs via structural rearrangements in sensor domains that consequently modulate the activity of an effector domain or multidomain clusters. Establishing the diversity in effector function and sensor-effector topology will inform what signaling mechanisms govern light-responsive behaviors across multiple kingdoms of life and how these signals are transduced. Here, we report the bioinformatics identification of over 6,700 candidate LOV domains (including over 4,000 previously unidentified sequences from plants and protists), and insights from their annotations for ontological function and structural arrangements. Motif analysis identified the sensors from ∼42 million ORFs, with strong statistical separation from other flavoproteins and non-LOV members of the structurally related Per-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-Sim family. Conserved-domain analysis determined putative light-regulated function and multidomain topologies. We found that for certain effectors, sensor-effector linker length is discretized based on both phylogeny and the preservation of α-helical heptad repeats within an extended coiled-coil linker structure. This finding suggests that preserving sensor-effector orientation is a key determinant of linker length, in addition to ancestry, in LOV signaling structure-function. We found a surprisingly high prevalence of effectors with functions previously thought to be rare among LOV proteins, such as regulators of G protein signaling, and discovered several previously unidentified effectors, such as lipases. This work highlights the value of applying genomic and transcriptomic technologies to diverse organisms to capture the structural and functional variation in photosensory proteins that are vastly important in adaptation, photobiology, and optogenetics.
New and efficient syntheses of symmetrical phosphorus-containing cryptands (1994)

Phosphorus cryptands 3–5 are obtained via[2 + 3] cyclocondensations between phosphodiydrazides 1a, b and phosphorus-p,p-dialdehydes 2a, b while another phosphorus cryptand 10 is prepared by treatment of the sodium salt of a phosphodihydrazone 8 with a dihalogenated phosphorus-containing macrocycle 9.
In vitro drug release behavior from a novel thermosensitive composite hydrogel based on Pluronic f127 and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (2009)

The results showed that composite hydrogel prepared in this paper were biocompatible with low cell cytotoxicity, and the drugs in this work could be released slowly from composite hydrogel in an extended period, which suggested that the composite hydrogel might have great potential applications in biomedical fields.
Cross Immunity Among Strains of Chlamydia psittaci (1970)

The degree of cross immunity was investigated among 10 strains of Chlamydia psittaci isolated from various mammalian and avian hosts. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with nonviable tissue-culture vaccines prepared from each strain and tested for their resistance to homologous and heterologous challenge. Although most strains provided some degree of cross protection, the strains appeared to fall into two antigenic groups. At least a bivalent vaccine will apparently be required to give protection against a broad spectrum of strains.
Brainlab: a Python toolkit to aid in the design, simulation, and analysis of spiking neural networks with the NeoCortical Simulator (2009)

Neuroscience modeling experiments often involve multiple complex neural network and cell model variants, complex input stimuli and input protocols, followed by complex data analysis. Coordinating all this complexity becomes a central difficulty for the experimenter. The Python programming language, along with its extensive library packages, has emerged as a leading "glue" tool for managing all sorts of complex programmatic tasks. This paper describes a toolkit called Brainlab, written in Python, that leverages Python's strengths for the task of managing the general complexity of neuroscience modeling experiments. Brainlab was also designed to overcome the major difficulties of working with the NCS (NeoCortical Simulator) environment in particular. Brainlab is an integrated model-building, experimentation, and data analysis environment for the powerful parallel spiking neural network simulator system NCS.
Designed Synthesis of Mononuclear Tris(heteroleptic) Ruthenium Complexes Containing Bidentate Polypyridyl Ligands (1995)

A general synthetic methodology is reported for tris(bidentate)ruthenium(II) complexes containing three different polypyridyl ligands, based on the sequential addition of the ligands to the oligomer [Ru(CO)(2)Cl-2](n). The tris(heteroleptic) complexes were characterized by FAB mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. An X-ray crystal structure determination was made for the complex, [Ru(Me(2)bpy)(phen)(bpa)](PF6)(2) . C6H14 [C40H43F12N7P2Ru, M = 1062.8; Me(2)bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpa = bis(2-pyridyl)amine]: triclinic, space group , a = 14.57(3) Angstrom, b = 13.50(3) Angstrom, c = 12.73(3) Angstrom, alpha = 68.6(2)degrees, beta = 63.5(1)degrees, gamma = 79.8(2)degrees, V = 2082 Angstrom(3), Z = 2. Aspects of the electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and photophysics of the tris(heteroleptic) species are discussed.
Synthesis of β-Trifluoromethylnaphthalene Derivatives (1972)

1-オキシ-2-ナフトエ酸の五塩化リンによる塩素化,ついで三フッ化アンチモンによるフッ素化により1-クロロトリフルオロメチルナフタリンを合成し,これと種々な求核試薬(ナトリウムメトキシド,フェノキシドおよびチオブェノキシド,シアン化銅(I),ブチルおよびベンジルアミン,カリウムおよびセシウムのフッ化物)との反応を行なった。メトキシド,チオフェノキシド,シアニドおよびフルオリドとの非プロトン性溶媒中での反応では対応する塩素の置換生成物が良好な収率で得られた。DMF中アミン類との反応では2-トリフルオロメチルナフタリンおよび1-ジメチルアミノ-2-トリフルオロメチルナフタリンが生成した。またピリジン中酸化銅(I)-カルボン酸の反応でも同様に2-トリフルオロメチルナフタリンが得られた。
The Two Major Types of Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases Show Different Enzymatic Properties and Confer Differential pH Sensitivity of Yeast Growth1 (1999)

The proton-pumping ATPase (H+-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane is encoded by two major gene subfamilies. To characterize individual H+-ATPases, PMA2, an H+-ATPase isoform of tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia), was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found to functionally replace the yeast H+-ATPase if the external pH was kept above 5.0 (A. de Kerchove d'Exaerde, P. Supply, J.P. Dufour, P. Bogaerts, D. Thinès, A. Goffeau, M. Boutry [1995] J Biol Chem 270: 23828-23837). In the present study we replaced the yeast H+-ATPase with PMA4, an H+-ATPase isoform from the second subfamily. Yeast expressing PMA4 grew at a pH as low as 4.0. This was correlated with a higher acidification of the external medium and an approximately 50% increase of ATPase activity compared with PMA2. Although both PMA2 and PMA4 had a similar pH optimum (6.6-6.8), the profile was different on the alkaline side. At pH 7.2 PMA2 kept more than 80% of the maximal activity, whereas that of PMA4 decreased to less than 40%. Both enzymes were stimulated up to 3-fold by 100 microgram/mL lysophosphatidylcholine, but this stimulation vanished at a higher concentration in PMA4. These data demonstrate functional differences between two plant H+-ATPases expressed in the same heterologous host. Characterization of two PMA4 mutants selected to allow yeast growth at pH 3.0 revealed that mutations within the carboxy-terminal region of PMA4 could still improve the enzyme, resulting in better growth of yeast cells.
On the Sphere Decoding Complexity of High-Rate Multigroup Decodable STBCs in Asymmetric MIMO Systems (2013)

A space-time block code (STBC) is said to be multigroup decodable if the information symbols encoded by it can be partitioned into two or more groups such that each group of symbols can be maximum-likelihood (ML) decoded independently of the other symbol groups. In this paper, we show that the upper triangular matrix R encountered during the sphere decoding of a linear dispersion STBC can be rank-deficient even when the rate of the code is less than the minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas. We then show that all known families of high-rate (rate greater than 1) multigroup decodable codes have rank-deficient R matrix even when the rate is less than the number of transmit and receive antennas, and this rank-deficiency problem arises only in asymmetric MIMO systems when the number of receive antennas is strictly less than the number of transmit antennas. Unlike the codes with full-rank R matrix, the complexity of the sphere decoding-based ML decoder for STBCs with rank-deficient R matrix is polynomial in the constellation size, and hence is high. We derive the ML sphere decoding complexity of most of the known high-rate multigroup decodable codes, and show that for each code, the complexity is a decreasing function of the number of receive antennas.
Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 (MMPs-9) and -12 Are Upregulated in the Airways of Mice with Chronic Airway Inflammation and Remodeling (2012)

In the present study, we tried to develop a mouse model of chronic airway inflammation and remodeling induced by chronic exposure to antigen. Furthermore, the expressions of MMPs-9 and -12 were also investigated. BALB/c mice were sensitized and then repeatedly challenged with OVA every 3 days for 54 days. At the following day after the last challenge, of days 24, 39, and 54, histological changes of the airways were studied by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. The expressions of MMPs-9 and -12 were also measured by western blot. Persistent inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition in the lung tissue were observed in repeatedly challenged mice. Furthermore, the expressions of MMPs-9 and -12 were increased in the airways after repeated antigen challenges. The severest inflammation was observed in the day-54 challenged group. These results suggest that MMPs-9 and -12 might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammation and remodeling induced by antigen exposure in mice.
Resistance of Small Metallic Loops (1985)

An earlier analysis of small one-dimensional rings of normal metal, driven by an external time-dependent magnetic flux, is extended to allow for inelastic scattering. This supplements the Josephson-type behavior of the earlier discussion by dissipative effects. As in the case of strong one-dimensional localization, dc current grows as inelastic scattering is first introduced, but diminishes again with sufficiently intense inelastic scattering.
A Placement Algorithm for Array Processors (1983)

In this report a concurrent pairwise exchange placement algorithm executing on an array processor is presented. Two force functions and their effects are discussed. The oscillation phenomenon caused by the concurrent computation is investigated and some solutions are suggested. A design for the array processor is presented along with a complexity analysis which indicates that this algorithm is O(N /sup 2/) faster than a conventional sequential placement algorithm if NxN processors are employed.
Transversing itemset lattices with statistical metric pruning (2000)

We study how to efficiently compute significant association rules according to common statistical measures such as a chi-squared value or correlation coefficient. For this purpose, one might consider to use of the Apriori algorithm, but the algorithm needs major conversion, because none of these statistical metrics are anti-monotone, and the use of higher support for reducing the search space cannot guarantee solutions in its the search space. We here present a method of estimating a tight upper bound on the statistical metric associated with any superset of an itemset, as well as the novel use of the resulting information of upper bounds to prune unproductive supersets while traversing itemset lattices. Experimental tests demonstrate the efficiency of this method.
Diode laser systems for cutting applications of thin materials (2003)

For cutting applications of sheet thicknesses up to 1 mm a compact diode laser system of high brilliance has been developed. By the combination of three different wavelengths as well as two polarization states six linear polarized diode laser bars are superimposed nearly without loss in beam quality. The maximum optical output power amounts to 155 W at a beam parameter product of about 22 mm mrad. The wavelength- and polarization-multiplexing is realized with one cemented optical component consisting of edge filters, a λ/4-retardation plate and a polarization beam splitter. The linear shaped beam of the six superimposed diode laser bars is symmetrized by micro step mirror beam shaping technology. Limited by manufacturing tolerances and particularly the mounting process of the diode laser bars, the system reaches the limits of incoherent beam multiplexing of six broad area diode laser bars. Combined with beam expanding and focussing optics, cutting experiments on different metallic and organic materials with sheet thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm have been realized.
A universal strategy for high-yield production of soluble and functional clostridial collagenases in E. coli (2009)

Clostridial collagenases are foe and friend: on the one hand, these enzymes enable host infiltration and colonization by pathogenic clostridia, and on the other hand, they are valuable biotechnological tools due to their capacity to degrade various types of collagen and gelatine. However, the demand for high-grade preparations exceeds supply due to their pathogenic origin and the intricate purification of homogeneous isoforms. We present the establishment of an Escherichia coli expression system for a variety of constructs of collagenase G (ColG) and H (ColH) from Clostridium histolyticum and collagenase T (ColT) from Clostridium tetani, mimicking the isoforms in vivo. Based on a setup of five different expression strains and two expression vectors, 12 different constructs were expressed, and a flexible purification platform was established, consisting of various orthogonal chromatography steps adaptable to the individual needs of the respective variant. This fast, cost-effective, and easy-to-establish platform enabled us to obtain at least 10 mg of highly pure mono-isoformic protein per liter of culture, ideally suited for numerous sophisticated downstream applications. This production and purification platform paves the way for systematic screenings of recombinant collagenases to enlighten the biochemical function and to identify key residues and motifs in collagenolysis.
MICROMACHINED POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND HEMISPHERICAL SHELL RESONATORS (2012)

We present the development of millimeter scale 3D hemispherical shell resonators fabricated from polycrystalline diamond, a material with low thermoelastic damping and very high stiffness. Resonators are fabricated through a combination of electro discharge machining (EDM) and silicon micromachining techniques, to achieve 1 mm diameter 3D highly axisymmetric hemispherical shell structures. By using piezoelectric actuation and optical characterization, the elliptical wineglass vibration mode is determined to be at 34.86 kHz, with the two degenerate wineglass modes having a relative frequency mismatch of 2%.