gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micropower CMOS RF components for distributed wireless sensors (2002)

A wide range of new applications have recently appeared for a low power, low cost, "embedded radio". These wireless interfaces for handheld mobile nodes and Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS) must provide spread spectrum signaling for multi-user operation at 902-928 MHz. Conventional low power RF systems have been implemented in bipolar technology. However, cost considerations motivate the development of complete micropower CMOS RF circuits and systems operating at previously unexplored low power levels. Micropower CMOS VCO and mixer circuits, developed for these emerging narrow-band communication systems, are reported here. Design methods combining high-Q inductors and weak inversion MOSFET operation enable the lowest reported operating power for RF front end components including a mixer and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operating at frequencies of 400-900 MHz. In addition, the VCO, by virtue of its high-Q inductive components, displays the lowest reported phase noise for 1 GHz CMOS VCO systems for any power dissipation.
Identification of the <i>yqhE</i> and <i>yafB</i> Genes Encoding Two 2,5-Diketo- <scp>d</scp> -Gluconate Reductases in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

The identification of a gene (yiaE) encoding 2-ketoaldonate reductase (2KR) in our previous work led to the hypothesis that Escherichia coli has other ketogluconate reductases including 2, 5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase (25DKGR) and to study of the related ketogluconate metabolism. By using the deduced amino acid sequences of 5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase (5KDGR) of Gluconobacter oxydans and 25DKGR of Corynebacterium sp., protein databases were screened to detect homologous proteins. Among the proteins of E. coli, an oxidoreductase encoded by yjgU and having 56% similarity to 5KDGR of G. oxydans and two hypothetical oxidoreductases encoded by yqhE and yafB and having 49.8 and 42% similarity, respectively, to 25DKGR of Corynebacterium sp. were detected. Recently, the yjgU gene was identified as encoding 5KDGR and renamed idnO (C. Bausch, N. Peekhaus, C. Utz, T. Blais, E. Murray, T. Lowary, and T. Conway, J. Bacteriol. 180:3704-3710, 1998). The pathways involved in the metabolism of ketogluconate by E. coli have been predicted by biochemical analysis of purified enzymes and chemical analysis of the pathway intermediates. The gene products of yqhE and yafB were identified as 25DKGR-A, and 25DKGR-B, respectively, catalyzing the reduction of 25KDG to 2-keto-L-gulonate (2KLG). The native 25DKGR-A, 25DKGR-B, and 5KDGR had apparent molecular weights of about 30,000, 30,000, and 54,000, respectively. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, all three enzymes showed protein bands with a molecular weight of about 29,000, which indicated that 25DKGR-A, 25DKGR-B, and 5KDGR may exist as monomeric, monomeric, and dimeric proteins, respectively. The optimum pHs for reduction were 7.5, 7.0, and 8.0, respectively. The 5KDGR was active with NADH, whereas 25DKGR-A and 25DKGR-B were active with NADPH as a preferred electron donor. 25DKG can be converted to 5KDG by 2KR, which is then reduced to D-gluconate by 5KDGR. The pathways were compared with those of Erwinia sp. and Corynebacterium sp. A BLAST search of published and incomplete microbial genome sequences revealed that the ketogluconate reductases and their related metabolism may be widespread in many species.
Quantified effects of low frequency radiations on high power amplifiers pulse to pulse stability (2000)

This paper deals with the effects of low frequency radiations on microwave amplifiers, specially the high power solid states. The observed phenomena is here the impact of low frequency magnetic fields on pulse to pulse stability. This contribution is clearly at the edge of the EMC phenomena and microwave ones.
Design of a VDC System for All-Wheel Independent Drive Vehicles (2007)

It is shown that the vehicle dynamic control (VDC) system can improve the vehicle handling and active safety of driver and passengers considerably. The control of vehicle yaw moment through differential braking, based on the vehicle dynamic state feedbacks, is a traditional way of VDC. In this study, a new VDC system for a four motorized-wheels electric vehicle has been developed, for which the traction of each wheel can be controlled individually. Using this feature, the new VDC system provides the desired tractive force of vehicle and the desired external yaw moment through the integrated control of wheel motors. The structure of the control system is a multilayer type, which has been developed by using independent controllers, designed in accordance with the appropriate theories.
The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.<sup>1,2</sup> I. Cerium and Yttrium (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.1,2 I. Cerium and YttriumF. H. Spedding, A. F. Voigt, E. M. Gladrow, and N. R. SleightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2777–2781Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis and characterization of differential gene expression during rapid trophoblastic elongation in the pig using suppression subtractive hybridization (2003)

During late peri-implantation development, porcine conceptuses undergo a rapid (2-3 hrs) morphological transformation from a 10 mm sphere to a thin filamentous form greater than 150 mm in length. Elongation of the conceptus is important for establishing adequate placental surface area needed for embryo and fetal survival throughout gestation. Genes involved with triggering this unique transition in conceptus development are not well defined. Objective of the present study was to utilize suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to characterize the change in gene expression during conceptus transformation from spherical (8-9 mm) to tubular (15-40 mm) to early filamentous (>150 mm) morphology. Spherical, tubular, and filamentous conceptuses were collected from pregnant gilts and subjected to SSH. Forward and reverse subtractions were performed to identify candidate genes differentially expressed during spherical to tubular and tubular to filamentous transition. A total of 384 transcripts were differentially screened to ensure unique expression. Of the transcripts screened, sequences were obtained for 142 that were confirmed to be differentially expressed among the various morphologies. Gene expression profiles during rapid trophoblastic elongation were generated for selected mRNAs using quantitative real-time PCR. During the transition from tubular to early filamentous conceptuses, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and heat shock cognate 70 kDa expression were significantly enhanced. A novel unknown gene was isolated and shown to be significantly up-regulated at the onset of rapid trophoblastic elongation and further enhanced in filamentous conceptuses.
Multijoule performance of the photolytically pumped XeF(C→A) laser (1982)

An XeF( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C \rightarrow A</tex> ) laser with output up to 5.8 J/pulse has been demonstrated. The photolytic pumping scheme begins with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</tex> -beam excitation of xenon to produce Xe* <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> fluorescence at 172 nm. This VUV radiation is transmitted through an array of CaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> windows into the laser cell, where it photodissociates XeF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> to produce primarily XeF( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B\frac{1}{2}</tex> ). Collisions with N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> buffer gas relax the excited states to XeF( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C\frac{3}{2}</tex> ), which lases on a transition centered at 481 nm and continuously tunable over more than ±35 nm. Typical values of the experimental parameters were as follows. The 420 kV, 1 m <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</tex> -beam source delivered an average current of 10 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> over an aperture 14 × 100 cm for pulse lengths up to 1 μs. Total <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</tex> -beam energy available was 3.5 kJ, of which 2.4 kJ was deposited in the xenon. The total VUV energy radiated was 720 J, of which 115 J was coupled into the laser cell. This produced 32 J of available XeF* energy, of which up to 18 percent was extracted as laser energy. The total system efficiency was 0.2 percent. Optimized designs should achieve better than 1 percent efficiency.
Development of Improved Cutting Tool Materials. (1967)

New tool materials were developed to achieve increased cutting efficiency. High-speed steels of the M2 type were enriched in titanium, hot worked, then solid-state carburized. These tools showed a permissible cutting speed increase of about 35% compared to commercial 'RC 70' type high-speed steel when used for turning AISI 4340, RC 44. Similar increases in cutting performance were measured for cast-to-shape tools based on M1 high-speed steel containing 10% V, up to 2% Ti and 3.5 % C. Age-hardenable cobalt-base tool alloys were prepared by the hot working of atomized powders. The most promising alloy was Co-45Cr-15W-2.5C, which exhibited a permissible cutting speed increase of 120% over the commercial cast cobalt-base tool alloy in turning the RC 44 steel; a speed increase of 35% was achieved in turning AISI 4340 at RC 52. Cemented carbide tool alloys having matrix melting points near 1800 C (3270 deg F) were prepared by liquid-phase sintering or arc-melting Compositions in the Cb-V-C and Ti-V-C systems were the most promising. Initial studies of arc-melted 80Hf-20Ta, nitrided at 1930 C (3500 F), showed a cutting speed capability similar to that of commercial alumina tools on AISI 4340, RC 44.5. (Author)
Effective accumulation of polyion complex micelle to experimental choroidal neovascularization in rats (2003)

Exudative age-related macular degeneration, characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a major cause of visual loss. In this study, we examined the distribution of the polyion complex (PIC) micelle encapsulating FITC-P(Lys) in blood and in experimental CNV in rats to investigate whether PIC micelle can be used for treatment of CNV. We demonstrate that PIC micelle has long-circulating characteristics, accumulating to the CNV lesions and is retained in the lesion for as long as 168 h after intravenous administration. These results raise the possibility that PIC micelles can be used for achieving effective drug targeting to CNV.
Identification of Selective ERRγ Inverse Agonists (2016)

GSK5182 (4) is currently one of the lead compounds for the development of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) inverse agonists. Here, we report the design, synthesis, pharmacological and in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) properties of a series of compounds related to 4. Starting from 4, a series of analogs were structurally modified and their ERRγ inverse agonist activity was measured. A key pharmacophore feature of this novel class of ligands is the introduction of a heterocyclic group for A-ring substitution in the core scaffold. Among the tested compounds, several of them are potent ERRγ inverse agonists as determined by binding and functional assays. The most promising compound, 15g, had excellent binding selectivity over related subtypes (IC50 = 0.44, >10, >10, and 10 μM at the ERRγ, ERRα, ERRβ, and ERα subtypes, respectively). Compound 15g also resulted in 95% transcriptional repression at a concentration of 10 μM, while still maintaining an acceptable in vitro ADMET profile. This novel class of ERRγ inverse agonists shows promise in the development of drugs targeting ERRγ-related diseases.
Adaptive acquisition and tracking for deep space array feed antennas (2002)

The use of radial basis function (RBF) networks and least squares algorithms for acquisition and fine tracking of NASA's 70-m-deep space network antennas is described and evaluated. We demonstrate that such a network, trained using the computationally efficient orthogonal least squares algorithm and working in conjunction with an array feed compensation system, can point a 70-m-deep space antenna with root mean square (rms) errors of 0.1-0.5 millidegrees (mdeg) under a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and antenna elevations. This pointing accuracy is significantly better than the 0.8 mdeg benchmark for communications at Ka-band frequencies (32 GHz). Continuous adaptation strategies for the RBF network were also implemented to compensate for antenna aging, thermal gradients, and other factors leading to time-varying changes in the antenna structure, resulting in dramatic improvements in system performance. The systems described here are currently in testing phases at NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Network (DSN) and were evaluated using Ka-band telemetry from the Cassini spacecraft.
Electrochromism in Solid Phosphotungstic Acid (1980)

The performance of electrochromic cells containing solid phosphotungstic acid including voltammograms, degradation, field‐assisted bleaching, and open‐circuit memory is presented.
INTERLEAVED VERSUS <i>A PRIORI</i> EXPLORATION FOR REPEATED NAVIGATION IN A PARTIALLY-KNOWN GRAPH (1999)

In this paper, we address the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation for agents which need to learn more about the structure of their environment in order to perform more effectively. For example, a software agent operating on the World Wide Web may need to learn which sites on the net are most useful, and the most efficient routes to those sites. We compare exploration strategies for a repeated task, where the agent is given some particular task to perform some number of times. Tasks are modeled as navigation on a partially known (deterministic) graph. This paper describes a new utility-based exploration algorithm for repeated tasks which interleaves exploration with task performance. The method takes into account both the costs and the potential benefits (for future task repetitions) of different exploratory actions. Exploration is performed in a greedy fashion, with the locally optimal exploratory action performed during repetition of each task. We experimentally evaluated our utility-based interleaved exploration algorithm against a heuristic search algorithm for exploration before task performance (a priori exploration) as well as a randomized interleaved exploration algorithm. We found that for a single repeated task, utility-based interleaved exploration consistently outperforms the alternatives, unless the number of task repetitions is very high. In addition, we extended the algorithms for the case of multiple repeated tasks, where the agent has a different, randomly-chosen task (from a known subset of possible tasks) to perform each time. Here too, we found that utility-based interleaved exploration is clear in most cases.
Ethyl and methyl thioxoacetates, dienophilic thioaldehydes formed from sulphenyl chlorides by 1,2-elimination (1985)

Ethoxycarbonyl- and methoxycarbonyl-methanesulphenyl chlorides react at room temperature with triethylamine to form ethyl and methyl thioxoacetates, respectively. Generation of the transient thioladehyde, ethyl thioxoacetate (2a), in the presence of the conjugated dienes 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene, thebaine (7), cyclohexa-1,3-diene, anthracene, and 9,10-dimethylanthracene gave adducts formed by cycloaddition of the thial group to the diene systems. The cycloadduct (8), derived from thebaine (7) at room temperature, isomerised at 111 °C to give the thermodynamically more stable adduct (9) by dissociation and recombination. The cycloadducts of anthracene and 9,10-dimethyl-anthracene likewise dissociated at 111 °C thereby providing a convenient, ‘clean’ source of ethyl thioxoacetate. When the anthracene adduct was heated with (–)-β-pinene, two ‘ene’ products were obtained, the major product (17; R = CO2Et) arising by C–S and the minor product (18; R = CO2Et) by C–C bond formation.
Viruses and virus-like protein assemblies—Chemically programmable nanoscale building blocks (2009)

Supramolecular proteins are generated using a limited set of twenty amino acids, but have distinctive functionalities which arise from the sequential arrangement of amino acids configured to exquisite three-dimensional structures. Viruses, virus-like particles, ferritins, enzyme complexes, cellular micro-compartments, and other supramolecular protein assemblies exemplify these systems, with their precise arrangements of tens to hundreds of molecules into highly organized scaffolds for nucleic acid packaging, metal storage, catalysis or sequestering reactions at the nanometer scale. These versatile protein systems, dubbed as bionanoparticles (BNPs), have attracted materials scientists to seek new opportunities with these pre-fabricated templates in a wide range of nanotechnology-related applications. Here, we focus on some of the key modification strategies that have been utilized, ranging from basic protein conjugation techniques to more novel strategies, to expand the functionalities of these multimeric protein assemblies. Ultimately, in combination with molecular cloning and sophisticated chemistries, these BNPs are being incorporated into many applications ranging from functional materials to novel biomedical drug designs.
Effect of Irradiation on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fibers (2004)

We carried out in‐situ resistivity measurements on macroscopic oriented ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes in a transmission electron microscope. We have found a minimum in the resistivity as a function of irradiation dose. This minimum is interpreted as a result of a twofold effect of the irradiation: the domination of covalent bond formation between tubes in a bundle due to broken bonds in the tube walls and the amorphization of the sample at high dose.
Reviving the Relevance of Career Development in Human Resource Development (2005)

The nature of work, organizations, and careers has evolved significantly in the past decade. In the wake of these changes, career-development research and implementation have languished. This article addresses this dearth of discourse and practice from the perspective of human resource development (HRD). The authors suggest a framework for reintegrating career development into the HRD function and offer specific learning activities better suited to the needs of individuals and organizations in this turbulent environment. Recommendations for future action are provided.
Quantitation of Endocrine Cell Content in the Pancreas of Nondiabetic and Diabetic Humans (1982)

The application of immunofluorescence technique with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, and anti-pancreatic polypeptide (PP) antisera to sections of precisely sampled regions of the human pancreas allowed the quantitative evaluation of the total content of these four endocrine cell populations in 13 nondiabetics, in 2 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), and in 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM) of various age and sex. In nondiabetic subjects, PP-cells appear sex-related. Male individuals have a significantly greater volume of PP-cells than female. In diabetic subjects, the only marked difference as compared with nondiabetics is the reduction of insulin cell volume in IDDM. Other small differences between individual endocrine cell volumes are detectable in both IDDM and NIDDM as compared with nondiabetics, but their significance is at present unclear. The qualitative changes of islet structure accompanying insulin cell reduction in IDDM were not considered in the present study.
Illumination-based segmentation of structured surfaces in automated visual inspection (2005)

We present a new method to segment images of structured surfaces from illumination series, i.e. sets of images of an object recorded with different lighting settings. We use a parallel light source whose angle of incidence is described by the azimuth and the elevation angle. Depending on the surface topography, characteristic patterns are described by the intensities viewed by the camera depending on the illumination direction. The segmentation itself is based on cluster analysis in a multi-dimensional feature space. The resulting classes correspond with the identified segments of the surface image. A crucial step within this approach is the definition of meaningful features. We focus on features that can be extracted from the signal described by the intensities at a single surface location depending on the illumination direction. We investigate features based on moments of this intensity signal as well as on its frequency decomposition with respect to the illumination direction. Furthermore, we show that features of this kind can be used to robustly segment a wide variety of textures on structured surfaces. In any case, since no spatial neighbourhood is utilized to compute the features, i.e. "averaging" takes place only in illumination domain, no spatial resolution must be sacrificed. Consequently, even very small regions can reliably be segmented, as is necessary when defects are to be detected.
Lifting the curtain on the Wizard of Oz: Biased voice-based impressions of speaker size. (2007)

The consistent, but often wrong, impressions people form of the size of unseen speakers are not random but rather point to a consistent misattribution bias, one that the advertising, broadcasting, and entertainment industries also routinely exploit. The authors report 3 experiments examining the perceptual basis of this bias. The results indicate that, under controlled experimental conditions, listeners can make relative size distinctions between male speakers using reliable cues carried in voice formant frequencies (resonant frequencies, or timbre) but that this ability can be perturbed by discordant voice fundamental frequency (F-sub-0, or pitch) differences between speakers. The authors introduce 3 accounts for the perceptual pull that voice F-sub-0 can exert on our routine (mis)attributions of speaker size and consider the role that voice F-sub-0 plays in additional voice-based attributions that may or may not be reliable but that have clear size connotations.