gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weakly-and Semi-Supervised Learning of a Deep Convolutional Network for Semantic Image Segmentation (2015)

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained on a large number of images with strong pixel-level annotations have recently significantly pushed the state-of-art in semantic image segmentation. We study the more challenging problem of learning DCNNs for semantic image segmentation from either (1) weakly annotated training data such as bounding boxes or image-level labels or (2) a combination of few strongly labeled and many weakly labeled images, sourced from one or multiple datasets. We develop Expectation-Maximization (EM) methods for semantic image segmentation model training under these weakly supervised and semi-supervised settings. Extensive experimental evaluation shows that the proposed techniques can learn models delivering competitive results on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2012 image segmentation benchmark, while requiring significantly less annotation effort. We share source code implementing the proposed system at https://bitbucket.org/deeplab/deeplab-public.
[Apical pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the treatment of severe rigid kyphoscoliosis:a preliminary report]. (2009)

Apical pedicle subtraction osteotomy can be easily performed in the treatment of severe rigid kyphoscoliosis with satisfactory correction results and few neurologic complications.
Characterization of aroma volatiles in tomatoes by sensory analyses (1998)

Using gas chromatography-olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis 34 aroma compounds were found with flavour dilution factors > or = 4. (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 1-penten-3-one and 3-methylbutanal belonged to the most odour-active aroma volatiles in fresh tomatoes. Smell, taste and aftertaste of different tomato cultivars were evaluated by quantitative descriptive analysis. By applying principal component analysis to both sensory attributes and chemical compounds (odour-active aroma volatiles, titratable acid and reducing sugars) the first three components explained 70% of the total variance. The data set was reduced to the sensory attributes intensive, tomato, sour, fruity, sweet and bitter as well as to important chemical compounds. Relations between chemical compounds and sensory attributes were found.
Real time factory monitoring system (2002)

Currently, the integrated circuit facility is run by a paperless Process Flow Control computer system. This PFC system provides the operator with all the required information about any lots and allows the operator to make keyboard entries to provide feedback of data to the manager. The objective of the real-time factory monitoring system is to use the data collected by the PFC system to determine the following information: (1) machines that are currently down, (2) machines that are at 100% capacity, (3) machines that have been idle for more than 30 minutes, (4) machines that are currently working on nonproduction runs, (5) machines that have caused lots to fail.
Characteristics of Novel Dental Composites Containing 2,2-Bis[4-(2-methoxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane as a Base Resin (2005)

Many dental restorative dental composites still utilize 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA) as base resin. The high viscosity of Bis-GMA necessitates dilution with dimethacrylate ethers of low viscosity such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). However, increased amounts of the TEGDMA have adverse effects on properties such as water uptake and curing shrinkage. The viscosity of the base resin should be as low as possible to enable the preparation of dental composites with a minimum content of diluent. To overcome the disadvantage of Bis-GMA, i.e., its high viscosity caused by hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups, 2,2-bis[4-(2-methoxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl propane (Bis-M-GMA) was prepared by substituting methoxy groups for hydroxyl groups in Bis-GMA. The viscosity of Bis-GMA was dramatically decreased from 574 (Pa.s) to 3.7 (Pa.s) by substitution of methoxy group. Consequently, the amount of TEGDMA included in the resin matrix could be minimized. Dental composites were prepared from Bis-M-GMA (or Bis-GMA) mixtures with TEGDMA filled with 75 wt % filler. Comparing the curing shrinkage of dental composite containing Bis-M-GMA with that prepared from Bis-GMA, the reduction in curing shrinkage was about 47%. Dental composites prepared from new resin matrixes also exhibited low water uptake and better properties in mechanical strength.
Adsorption Isotherms for Mobile Monolayers (1940)

A three-dimensional gas is pictured in contact with a liquid, forming at the interface a mobile monolayer. The density of the monolayer is maintained in equilibrium with the pressure of the gas. An equation is deduced giving as a function of temperature, the gas pressure which is just sufficient to initiate condensation in the monolayer. The only physical parameters involved in the relationship are the mass of the molecule and the heat of evaporation per molecule from the completely clustered monolayer. The fatty acids which exhibit monolayers with negligible external gas pressures, must have heats of evaporation greater than about 100×10—14 erg. Molecules as small as 20 atomic mass units and heats of evaporation less than about 75×10—14 erg should require pressures of the order of 10—2 atmosphere. An adsorption isotherm equation is found for monolayer concentrations less than the saturation value. Its form is similar but not identical with Langmuir's isotherm for immobile monolayers.
MAYDAY AT BYTHORN (1940)

MAYDAY AT BYTHORN Get access Victor Allan Victor Allan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 3, Issue 13, Spring 1940, Pages 28-b–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/3.13.28-b Published: 01 March 1940
Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations (2018)

The key idea behind the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations is that real-world data is generated by a few explanatory factors of variation which can be recovered by unsupervised learning algorithms. In this paper, we provide a sober look at recent progress in the field and challenge some common assumptions. We first theoretically show that the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations is fundamentally impossible without inductive biases on both the models and the data. Then, we train more than 12000 models covering most prominent methods and evaluation metrics in a reproducible large-scale experimental study on seven different data sets. We observe that while the different methods successfully enforce properties ``encouraged'' by the corresponding losses, well-disentangled models seemingly cannot be identified without supervision. Furthermore, increased disentanglement does not seem to lead to a decreased sample complexity of learning for downstream tasks. Our results suggest that future work on disentanglement learning should be explicit about the role of inductive biases and (implicit) supervision, investigate concrete benefits of enforcing disentanglement of the learned representations, and consider a reproducible experimental setup covering several data sets.
Simulation and Analysis of LPFSA Loaded with Split-Ring Resonators (2019)

A log-periodic folded slot antenna (LPFSA) loaded with the complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) was simulated for the application of ultra-wide band (UWB) electronic system. The designed LPFSA radiator was etched on a thick microwave substrate and the working frequency range is from 1.5GHz to 12GHz. In view of the restriction of the installation size of the antenna, the transverse dimension of the antenna was compressed, which leaded to the performance degradation at low frequency. The co-planar waveguide was used to excite the radiator. The CSRRs were loaded below the slot dipole corresponding to the low frequency, which were used to adjust the impedance performance. The antenna was designed and optimized by full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. The simulated results show that the average voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is about 3.8 within the frequency range of 1.5GHz to 12GHz. What's more, the effective pattern was achieved and the gain is about 2.5dB at 1.5GHz. The results show the feasibility of the antenna design proposed in this paper.
Analytical Methods for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) — A Historical Perspective on the 16 U.S. EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (2015)

The identification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1976 has been a primary driver for analytical methods development for the determination of PAHs. In this article, the historical development of methods in liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) to separate these 16 PAHs is discussed. In LC a significant effort was the search for and the fundamental understanding of the unique stationary phase capable of achieving the desired separation of the 16 EPA PAHs. For GC methods, the focus on stationary phase development has been the separation of critical isomers with a broader scope than the 16 EPA PAHs. The current routine LC and GC methods for the 16 EPA PAHs are well established; however, new advances in analytical techniques beyond LC and GC are discussed. Many analysts are now interested in more than just the 16 EPA PAHs (e.g., higher molecular mass PAHs and alkyl-substituted PAHs) and analytical methods have emerged to address these needs. Reference materials and their use in the determination of PAHs are discussed.
Magnetic Assembly and Pyrolysis of Functional Ferromagnetic Colloids into One-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures (2007)

A novel synthetic route to functionalize and magnetically assemble ferromagnetic colloids into one-dimensional (1-D) carbon nanostructures is reported. The synthesis of ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) shells was achieved by ligand exchange of PAN onto preformed polystyrene-coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles. PAN-coated ferromagnetic nanoparticles (PAN-CoNPs) were then cast onto supporting surfaces from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of an external magnetic field and pyrolyzed to form 1-D carbon nanoparticle chains spanning microns in length. Atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the preparation of these 1-D hybrid nanostructures. This versatile methodology provides an alternative approach to prepare 1-D carbon materials using soluble precursors that can be magnetically directed and organized.
Ultra-deep, long-read nanopore sequencing of mock microbial community standards (2019)

We present ultra-deep, long-read nanopore datasets from a well-defined mock community. These datasets will be useful for those developing bioinformatics methods for long-read metagenomics and for the validation and comparison of current laboratory and software pipelines.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Female Sexual Response: Faulty Protocols or Paradigms? (2009)

The lack of efficacy of PDE5 treatment in women is likely attributable to gender differences in the concordance between physiological and psychological components of sexual response. Discordance between genital and subjective measures of sexual response in women may be augmented by PDE5 effects on genital vasocongestion in some populations, rendering successful treatment unlikely via pharmacological treatment alone.
A Hope for Change under Clinton (1993)

His political adversaries branded him Slick Willie when Bill Clinton finessed his way through campaign interviews, town meetings and presidential debates. But the public relations industry could only step back and admire the youthful Arkansas governor. Overcoming adversity about his personal life and anti-war activities, Clinton captivated the American public and media with an unwavering theme: change. Now that candidate Clinton is President Clinton, public relations professionals must ponder what this change means to them. The fresh blood in the White House heralds a new golden age for public relations, said Stan Zeitlin, president of West Glen Communications, a video public relations firm based in New York City. We have a large freshman class in Congress, and there will be a need to educate them on the Or as Paul Fullmer, president and CEO of Selz, Seabolt & Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL, put it: There's going to be a more 'activist' role for public relations as practitioners rush to represent clients on all sides of issues. Everything is up for grabs. $20-billion Rebuild America plan throws open the door to everyone who has a different idea on how the country should be run, Fullmer added. advised the health care and insurance industries, in particular, to rethink both short- and long-term policies. Then the PR industry will have to go out and communicate those changes with intensive campaigns aimed at the government, business and general public. Strangely, President perceived amenable relationship with Congress may limit the public relations effort. Practitioners will help the administration decide which courses to take, said Steve Rabin, general manager at Porter/Novelli in Washington, DC. But after those courses are set, it will be difficult for public relations to change anything. If the Clinton administration comes out with a proposal unfavorable to a particular industry, it will be harder to change opinions. That's not how it was when there was a greater gap between the executive and legislative branches, Rabin continued. No longer will you be able to appeal to Congress with the line, 'The administration is all wrong.' After four years of a president who often seemed detached from his constituents, Clinton arrives with fresh, new ideas, an open mind, and a keen sense of how important a role communications plays in getting things done. He knows that you can have the greatest message in the world, but if you fall short on communicating it to your constituencies, its impact can be dampened or neutralized altogether, observed Brenda Scisson, vice president and director of public relations for Cranford Johnson Robinson Woods, a Little Rock, AR, communications firm that has worked with Clinton on programs ranging from tourism to child care. He also understands that when communicating to various publics, you may have to use what may be regarded as unconventional media to reach them, Scisson added. Clinton's use of MTV during the campaign to target young voters is a case in point. …
Preparation of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) and Polyamide-6 Blends via Activated Anionic Polymerization of PPE and ε-Caprolactam Solutions (1998)

Activated anionic polymerization of homogeneous poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)(PPE)/ε-caprolactam solutions at temperatures below the melting point of polyamide-6 (PA-6) using the catalyst, lactam magnesium bromide, and the co-catalyst, ε-caprolactam blocked hexamethylene diisocyanate, provides a route for in situ preparation of PPE/PA-6 blends. The polymerization of the solutions using the catalyst and the co-catalyst results in PPE/PA-6 blends with either the morphology of a continuous PPE and dispersed PA-6 phase or vice versa, depending on the PPE concentration. The particle size of the dispersed PA-6 phase in the continuos PPE matrix is determined by the viscosity i.e. the PPE concentration. High ε-caprolactam conversions could be achieved. Before polymerization was performed, the phase behavior of PPE/ε-caprolactam solutions in the absence of a catalyst and co-catalyst of polymerization was investigated.
TRANSFAC database as a bridge between sequence data libraries and biological function. (1997)

The TRANSFAC database contains information about regulatory DNA sequences and the proteins (transcription factors) binding to and acting through them. It may thus serve as a dictionary for the biological meaning of these sequence elements. Moreover, the TRANSFAC data can be used to describe these elements, to define consensi and matrices for elements of certain function, and thus to provide means of identifying regulatory signals in newly unravelled genomic sequences.
Analysis and numerical simulation of eigenmode characteristics for semiconductor lasers with an equilateral triangle micro-resonator (2001)

The eigenmodes confined in the equilateral triangle resonator (ETR) are analyzed by deriving the eigenvalues and the mode field distributions and by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. The analytical results show that the one-period-length for the mode light rays inside the ETR is the perimeter of the ETR, and the number of transverse modes is limited by the condition of total internal reflection. In addition, the sum of the longitudinal mode index and the transverse mode index should be an even number, which limits the number of confined modes again. Based on the FDTD technique and the Pade approximation, we calculate the mode resonant frequencies and the quality factors from the local maximum and the width of the spectral distribution of the intensity. The numerical results of mode frequencies agree very well with the analytical results, and the quality factor of the fundamental mode is usually higher than that of the higher order transverse modes. The results show that the ETR is suitable to realize single-mode operation as semiconductor microcavity lasers.
Alteration of Lipids, G Proteins, and PKC in Cell Membranes of Elderly Hypertensives (2003)

In this study, we quantified the levels of lipids and signaling proteins in erythrocyte membranes from elderly normotensive and hypertensive subjects. In hypertensive subjects, the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio increased significantly in erythrocyte membranes, owing to the reduction of phospholipid levels concomitant with a rise in the levels of cholesterol. In addition, differences were also found in the amount of fatty acids in both phospholipid and cholesterol esters. Erythrocyte membranes from hypertensive subjects contained higher levels of monounsaturated and lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, signaling proteins such as G proteins and protein kinase C have been implicated in the control of blood pressure. Previous studies have shown that the cellular localization and the activity of these proteins are modulated by the type and the abundance of membrane lipids. For this reason, we assessed the levels of these signaling molecules in the membrane. We found that the levels of membrane-associated (active/preactive) G proteins (Galpha(i), Galpha(o), and Gbeta) and protein kinase C were significantly reduced in hypertensive subjects. We believe that these alterations could be related to the etiopathology of hypertension in elderly subjects or alternatively may correspond to adaptive compensatory mechanisms.
First‐in‐human, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose escalation study of aducanumab (BIIB037) in mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (2016)

In this single-dose study, aducanumab demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and linear PK at doses ≤30 mg/kg (clinicaltrials.govNCT01397539).
Pipe Sticking Prediction and Avoidance Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Modeling (2009)

Abstract Differential pipe sticking has a major effect on drilling efficiency and well costs. This problem is affected by many parameters, such as drilling fluid properties and the characteristics of the mud cake that is formed while drilling. Comparatively little research has assessed the prediction of stuck pipe. Traditionally, stuck pipe problems are solved by using some standard methods and techniques after they occur, but the real key to savings and success is in the avoidance of the risks associated with the stuck pipe. If these risks are identified in advance, better solutions can be provided to reduce the associated costs. To account for all of the aspects of differential pipe sticking and anticipated nonlinear behavior of the variables involved, fuzzy logic and neural network modeling can be used as primary predictive tools. These methods are widely used in other industries and in the petroleum field, especially in reservoir and core analyses. This paper presents a study of the application of the concepts of fuzzy logic to the problem of differentially stuck pipe. These methods make it possible to estimate the risk of stuck pipe occurrence in the well planning procedure and during drilling in real time. The nonconvolutional analysis of the model is based on the constraints of different drilling variables. Discriminant function analysis and fuzzy logic were used to classify drilling and mud variables. Extensive simulations were performed. This paper presents a case study in which the fuzzy logic and neural network modelling are successfully used to estimate and predict pipe sticking.
Investigations using fluorescent ligands to monitor platinum(iv) reduction and platinum(ii) reactions in cancer cells (2009)

Coordination of the aniline containing fluorophores, coumarin 120 (C120) and coumarin 151 (C151) at the non-leaving group positions of cisplatin analogues (giving cis-[PtCl(2)(C120)(NH(3))] and cis-[PtCl(2)(C151)(NH(3))]) resulted in partial and complete quenching of the fluorescence, respectively. Oxidation of the coumarin 120 complex to the Pt(iv) form (cis,trans,cis-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(C120)(NH(3))]) resulted in further quenching compared to that seen for the Pt(ii) complex. The fluorescence profiles of these coumarin complexes were collected to evaluate their suitability for studying the metabolism of cisplatin-based anticancer drugs. C151 has the more suitable profile with a lower energy excitation peak and a better separation between the excitation and emission spectra. The complete damping of fluorescence on coordination to Pt(ii) makes it unsuitable for monitoring the reduction process, but does allow it to be used to monitor loss of the aniline type ligand. All of the coumarin complexes revealed moderate cyotoxcities in the range 10-22 microM indicating that they are suitable models of anticancer agents. DNA dampens the fluorescence of both Pt(ii) complexes and that of C120 has a much higher DNA binding affinity (10 000 M(-1)) than does the complex of C151 (300 M(-1)). Treatment of A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells with the Pt-coumarin complexes resulted in fluorescence visible by confocal microscopy, and co-localisation studies with organelle specific dyes suggest they are concentrated in the late endosomes or lysosomes. Cells treated with the Pt(iv) complex of C120 revealed strong fluorescence and a somewhat different distribution to cells treated with the Pt(ii) complex indicating reduction following uptake.
Detecting Erroneous Sentences using Automatically Mined Sequential Patterns (2007)

This paper studies the problem of identifying erroneous/correct sentences. The problem has important applications, e.g., providing feedback for writers of English as a Second Language, controlling the quality of parallel bilingual sentences mined from the Web, and evaluating machine translation results. In this paper, we propose a new approach to detecting erroneous sentences by integrating pattern discovery with supervised learning models. Experimental results show that our techniques are promising. 1
A novel reconfigurable antenna based on active band reflective frequency selective surface (2012)

A newly proposed electronically antenna with a reconfigurable azimuth radiation pattern, has been experimentally investigated in this work. In this design a coaxial colinear (COCO) antenna is located in the middle of a cylinder shield as an omnidirectional source. The cylindrical shield is constructed with active band reflective unit cells. The antenna has been fabricated and measured. A tunable step of 18° is realized. Front-to-back ratio in the directivity pattern is about 20 dB with the depth of null point at -34 dB and the gain of the antenna can be promoted to 9.35 dB.