gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-Time Block Codes over the Stiefel Manifold (2014)

In this paper, we develop two approaches for designing unitarily-constrained space-time block codes, which are suitable for communicating high-resolution information in layered multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channels. Unlike existing space-time codes, which are usually synthesized from standard phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation constellations, the space-time codes proposed herein are designed using direct optimization over the unitary group. In comparison with conventional unitary space-time block codes, including Alamouti code with PSK constellations, the space-time codes generated by the proposed approaches exhibit significantly better performance, more favorable distance spectra and more effective utilization of the degrees of freedom that underlie the unitary group.
Ge‐Based Spin‐Photodiodes for Room‐Temperature Integrated Detection of Photon Helicity (2012)

Spin-photodiodes based on Fe/MgO/Ge(001) heterostructures are reported. These devices perform the room-temperature integrated electrical detection of the spin polarization of a photocurrent generated by circularly polarized photons with a wavelength of 1300 nm, for light pulses with intensity I0 down to 200 μW. A forward and reverse-biased average photocurrent variation of 5.9% is measured for the complete reversal of the incident light helicity.
Trace-based evaluation of job runtime and queue wait time predictions in grids (2009)

Large-scale distributed computing systems such as grids are serving a growing number of scientists. These environments bring about not only the advantages of an economy of scale, but also the challenges of resource and workload heterogeneity. A consequence of these two forms of heterogeneity is that job runtimes and queue wait times are highly variable, which generally reduces system performance and makes grids difficult to use by the common scientist. Predicting job runtimes and queue wait times have been widely studied for parallel environments. However, there is no detailed investigation on how the proposed prediction methods perform in grids, whose resource structure and workload characteristics are very different from those in parallel systems. In this paper, we assess the performance and benefit of predicting job runtimes and queue wait times in grids based on traces gathered from various research and production grid environments. First, we evaluate the performance of simple yet widely used time series prediction methods and the effect of applying them to different types of job classes (e.g., all jobs submitted by single users or to single sites). Then, we investigate the performance of two kinds of queue wait time prediction methods for grids. Last, we investigate whether prediction-based grid-level scheduling policies can have better performance than policies that do not use predictions.
Coaxial jets generated from electri ed Taylor cones. Scaling laws (2003)

An experimental investigation on the electri ed co-axial jets of two immiscible liquids issuing from a structured Taylor cone (Science 295 (5560) (2002) 1695) has been carried out. The structure of these almost conical electri ed menisci consists of an outer meniscus surrounding an inner one. The liquid threads which issue from the vertex of each one of the menisci give rise to a two-concentric layered jet whose eventual breakup results in an aerosol of relatively monodisperse compound droplets with the outer liquid encapsulating the inner one. The e;ect of the <ow rates of both liquids on the current transported by these coaxial jets and on the size of the compound droplets has been investigated. Several couples of liquids have been used to explore the in<uence on the spraying process of the properties of the liquids: i.e. the electrical conductivity K, dielectric constant � , interfacial tension of the liquid couple � , viscosity � , etc. We have found that the measurements of the current emitted through the coaxial jet when they are made dimensionless t satisfactorily the current scaling law of regular electrosprays. Data of the mean diameter of the compound droplets have been obtained using a non-intrusive laser system. As expected the breakup process and therefore the droplet size are strongly dependent on the liquid viscosities and on the ratio of the liquid <ow rates. ? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
TESTS ON CYCLIC BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE-FILLED HOLLOW STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE ISO-834 STANDARD FIRE (2004)

The strength and seismic behavior of a composite column may be used to assess the potential damage caused by fire and help to establish an approach to calculate the structural fire protection for minimum postfire repair. This paper provides new test data pertaining to the seismic behavior of concrete-filled hollow structural steel (HSS) columns after exposure to fire. The test parameters included the sectional types, the fire duration time and the axial load level (n). Thirteen concrete-filled HSS column specimens, including seven specimens with circular sections and six specimens with square sections were tested under constant axial load and cyclically increasing flexural loading. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths and flexural stiffness using the existing codes. It was found that concrete-filled HSS columns after exposure to fire exhibit very high levels of energy dissipation and ductility. Generally, the energy dissipation ability of the columns with circular sections was much higher than those of the specimens with square sections. The work in this paper provides a basis for further theoretical study on the seismic behavior of concrete-filled HSS columns after exposure to fire.
Molecular trees: from syntheses towards applications (1995)

Molecular trees, also called dendrimers, arborols, cauliflowers, cascades or hyperbranched molecules, have been synthesized since their first observation in 1978 by divergent, convergent or combined methods, with various functions on the branches. The potential applications of these nanoscopic molecules are in the fields of biology (gene therapy, virus mimicking and vectorization) and molecular materials sciences (new polymers, adhesion, liquid crystals, etc).
Preparation and evaluation of thiolated chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering (2009)

Thiolated chitosan (TCS) was proposed as a promising candidate as scaffold material for tissue engineering. However, a continuous exploration of such material as a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold with controllable design of microstructure as well as mechanical strength was necessitated. The current study was thus carried out to substantiate such potential of TCS. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) was first introduced on the side chain of chitosan (CS) via the amide bond formation between COOH groups of TGA and NH(2) groups of CS. Composite TCS/CS scaffolds with different ratios were prepared via freeze-drying under different temperatures to optimize the structural properties. The microstructure of the scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile strength of scaffolds was measured. Both the TCS/CS proportion and freezing temperature affected the microstructure and mechanical property of scaffolds, which in turn rendered effects on the growth of cultured fibroblasts. Scaffolds obtained from the TCS/CS proportion of 7:3 and a freezing temperature of -20 degrees C had the maximum tensile strength with a pore distribution ranging from a few to several hundred micrometers. The preferential growth of fibroblasts on this scaffold was also demonstrated. Hence, results in this study would offer valuable information on the preparation of suitable TCS scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Electrical feedback and its network analysis for linewidth reduction of a semiconductor laser (1988)

The center frequency of the field spectrum of a 1.5- mu m InGaAsP distributed-feedback laser was stabilized by negative electrical feedback. The resultant residual frequency fluctuation was sigma =3.6*10/sup -11/ for an integration time of 10 s. The linewidth of the field spectrum was simultaneously reduced by using another electrical feedback loop. Its minimum value was 360 kHz, which was 1/27 that of the free-running condition. This linewidth was narrower than the one determined by the magnitude of the spontaneous emission of the free-running laser. The field spectrum was very stable, and the value of the linewidth was constant for more than 40 h. Network analysis was carried out to realize further reductions of the linewidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Anticancer Activity of Novel Synthetic Makaluvamine Analogues (2009)

Our preclinical data indicate that FBA-TPQ is a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer, providing a basis for the development of the compound as a novel anticancer agent.
Pulmonary complications of drug abuse. (1974)

Complications resulting from drug abuse more frequently affect the lung than any other organ. The spectrum of pulmonary complications associated with drug abuse is wide. The current practice of using mixtures of drugs is mainly responsible for the increase in pulmonary complications. The chief complications observed in a series of 241 drug abuse patients were aspiration pneumonitis (12.9 percent), pulmonary edema (10.0 percent), and pneumonia (7.5 percent).
Survey of network weapons part 1: weapons for profiling (2004)

The rise of the Internet has been a boon for Computer Science and the world economy. It has redefined the way technology and information is viewed. But it also has given rise to new types of crimes as well as to new types of criminals. These criminals organize themselves along familiar structures and hierarchies. These organizations share knowledge and develop tools and new weapons, which they use to breach the most sophisticated security mechanisms. This has made Information Security a must for anyone entrusted to safeguard information. Knowledge of the hacker's tools becomes essential for anyone to be able to defend against these criminals. Since interestingly these tools are also used in network management, they are easily found, and often fall into the hands of students and shady persons. Taking a proactive approach by education may counteract this threat, since the best defense is to be well educated and knowledgeable of the risks and threats associated with common network tools.
Repetitively&lt;tex&gt;Q&lt;/tex&gt;-switched light pulses from GaAs injection lasers with tandem double-section stripe geometry (1970)

Self-induced sustained pulsations have been observed in the light output from GaAs injection lasers with tandem double-section stripe geometry. The pulsing behavior of the laser is analyzed using a repetitively <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched model similar to that of Basov. Exact numerical solutions to the nonlinear rate equations have been obtained, which are to be compared with our experimental results and with the results in the earlier work of Basov et al. An approximate approach using a phase-plane analysis is described, which yields a simple way for the determination of the regions of excitation currents that leads to the sustained pulsing solution.
The clinical features, risk factors and outcome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring after bone marrow transplantation (2001)

In this study, we retrospectively analysed the clinical features, risk factors and outcome of 22 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) occurring after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. All but two of these patients received stem cells from unrelated donors (UDs), two-thirds were female, three-quarters were adults and leukaemia was the major reason for transplant. The incidence of TTP was 20 out of 332 patients (6%) with UD transplants and two out of 104 recipients (2%) of matched sibling allografts (P = 0.16). In order to ascertain basic demographic risk factors for the development of TTP, we compared the 22 patients with 434 patients who did not develop TTP. Compared with patients who did not develop TTP, patients with TTP were nearly three times older (P < 0.001) and were more than twice as likely to be female (P = 0.001). Because > 90% of patients were recipients of UD marrow, we then compared the 20 UD-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients with 60 randomly selected UD-BMT patients who did not develop TTP. On univariate analysis, age and female gender were again significant risk factors, as was grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (P = 0.002), and there was a trend towards an association with chronic GvHD (P = 0.083). However, after logistic regression analysis, only age and sex remained significant (P < 0.001 and 0.009 respectively). We report an 86% mortality with only three survivors out of 22 patients, and one of these remains thrombocytopenic and red cell transfusion dependent, possibly in part because of graft hypoplasia. Six out of 17 patients responded to plasmapheresis, but the majority of them ultimately succumbed because of TTP, often in association with GvHD or fungal infection.
Ex Vivo Noggin Gene Therapy Inhibits Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Resynostosis (2009)

These findings suggest that Noggin is an effective inhibitor of bone formation within small suturectomy sites and that Noggin may be useful in avoiding postoperative resynostosis. Noggin treatment may be useful as an adjunct to traditional surgical intervention for the treatment of children with craniosynostosis.
Lethality of <i>Drosophila</i> lacking TSC tumor suppressor function rescued by reducing dS6K signaling (2002)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 and TSC2. Here, we show that absence of Drosophila Tsc1/2 leads to constitutive dS6K activation and inhibition of dPKB, the latter effect being relieved by loss of dS6K. In contrast, the dPTEN tumor suppressor, a negative effector of PI3K, has little effect on dS6K, but negatively regulates dPKB. More importantly, we demonstrate that reducing dS6K signaling rescues early larval lethality associated with loss of dTsc1/2 function, arguing that the S6K pathway is a promising target for the treatment of TSC.
What makes patterns interesting in knowledge discovery systems (1996)

One of the central problems in the field of knowledge discovery is the development of good measures of interestingness of discovered patterns. Such measures of interestingness are divided into objective measures-those that depend only on the structure of a pattern and the underlying data used in the discovery process, and the subjective measures-those that also depend on the class of users who examine the pattern. The focus of the paper is on studying subjective measures of interestingness. These measures are classified into actionable and unexpected, and the relationship between them is examined. The unexpected measure of interestingness is defined in terms of the belief system that the user has. Interestingness of a pattern is expressed in terms of how it affects the belief system. The paper also discusses how this unexpected measure of interestingness can be used in the discovery process.
Gastric ulcers in horses: a comparison of endoscopic findings in horses with and without clinical signs (1989)

Gastroendoscopic examinations were performed on 187 horses, ranging from one to 24 years. Eighty-seven horses had clinical problems including chronic, recurrent colic for seven or more days (25), one or more episodes of colic within the previous seven days (13), or acute colic (10), diminished appetite (53), poor bodily condition (40), and/or chronic diarrhoea (9). One hundred horses that had no signs of gastrointestinal problems were examined as part of a gastroendoscopic survey. Lesions observed in the squamous fundus, squamous mucosa adjacent to the margo plicatus along the greater curvature, glandular fundus, and the squamous mucosa along the lesser curvature were scored on a scale of 0-4, with 0 representing no lesions and 4 representing the most severe lesions. The mean endoscopic scores for the squamous fundus, margo plicatus and lesser curvature were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in horses with clinical signs than those without signs. This was because of the greater number of horses with lesions in the symptomatic group (80/87) compared to those without signs (52/100), and the greater severity of lesions in the horses with clinical signs. Of the horses, 74 were in race training. There was a significantly (P < 0.01) greater prevalence and severity of lesions at all sites except the glandular fundus in horses in training compared to those not in training, and in the horses in training with clinical signs (n = 37) compared to those in training without clinical signs (n = 37).
A swept-frequency borehole source for inverse VSP and cross-borehole surveying (1989)

A swept-frequency borehole seismic source has been constructed and tested that consists of a portion of the borehole isolated from the remainder and driven to build up pressure oscillations by resonance.The length of the isolated portion is changed to vary the resonant frequency. The source radiates an approximately isotropic P-wave whose total energy is comparable in magnitude to that created by a surface vibrator truck. Strong shear waves are also generated.The source has been tested over a frequency range of 30 to 120 Hz, but the design can be operated from 15 to 500 Hz. Because the driven section of the borehole is isolated, strong tube waves are not generated. No damage to the casing-cement bond has been observed after prolonged operation of the source at a fixed depth.This source has the strength and uniform radiation pattern to suit it for both inverse VSP and cross-borehole surveying.
Studies on the total synthesis of triptolide. 1 (1977)

This paper examines the succession of formal and informal channels of university-industry knowledge transfer, and the local economic impact of their dynamic interaction. To do so, we investigate a highly cited university patent over an extended period of time through a case study methodology. Our work provides three fundamental insights. First, local economic impact can be achieved only after a complex, temporally unfolding sequence of interactions between formal and informal channels of knowledge transfer. Second, in the course of this dynamic interaction, knowledge generated during formal transfer activities may be transferred via informal channels. Third, the method developed can provide information on the variety of knowledge transfer channels related to highly cited patents.
Fault Tolerance in Massively Parallel Systems (1994)

In massively parallel systems (MPS), fault tolerance is indispensable to obtain proper completion\nof long-running computation-intensive applications . To achieve this at reasonable low cost,\nwe present a global approach . A flexible and powerful backbone is provided through the combination\nofhardware and software error detection techniques, fault diagnosis and operator-site\nsoftware together with reconfiguration of the system. Application recovery is based on checkpointing\nand rollback . The red line (i.e. applicability for a massively parallel system) comprises\nscalability as well as simplicity. A unifying system model is introduced that allows the mapping\nof a global concept for fault tolerance to a wide variety of MPS. The framework for\nimplementation in an existing MPS is discussed .&amp;apos;
Quantum Dots for In Vivo Small-Animal Imaging (2009)

Nanotechnology is poised to transform research, prevention, and treatment of cancer through the development of novel diagnostic imaging methods and targeted therapies. In particular, the use of nanoparticles for imaging has gained considerable momentum in recent years. This review focuses on the growing contribution of quantum dots (QDs) for in vivo imaging in small-animal models. Fluorescent QDs, which are small nanocrystals (1-10 nm) made of inorganic semiconductor materials, possess several unique optical properties best suited for in vivo imaging. Because of quantum confinement effects, the emission color of QDs can be precisely tuned by size from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared. QDs are extremely bright and photostable. They are also characterized by a wide absorption band and a narrow emission band, which makes them ideal for multiplexing. Finally, the large surface area of QDs permits the assembly of various contrast agents to design multimodality imaging probes. To date, biocompatible QD conjugates have been used successfully for sentinel lymph node mapping, tumor targeting, tumor angiogenesis imaging, and metastatic cell tracking. Here we consider these novel breakthroughs in light of their potential clinical applications and discuss how QDs might offer a suitable platform to unite disparate imaging modalities and provide information along a continuum of length scales.
Adaptive Kalman filtering, failure detection and identification for spacecraft attitude estimation (2002)

Future space missions call for unprecedented levels of autonomy, reliability and precision, thereby increasing the demands on spacecraft failure detection, identification and compensation (FDIC) systems. We address the problems of spacecraft attitude determination (AD) and FDI for sensors and actuators by developing: 1) a nonlinear extended Kalman filter (EKF) which does not require a small angle approximation; 2) a method for online tuning of noise covariances; and 3) a multi-hypothesis extended Kalman filter (MEKF) for detection and identification of sensor (gyro, Star tracker) and actuator (thruster) failures. A nonlinear EKF is designed for AD using angular rates, quaternions and the gyro biases as state variables. It is shown to provide more accurate estimates of the attitude angles and can be used for the detection and removal of bad gyro and Star-tracker measurements. The MEKF approach is used for the detection and identification of gyro, Star-tracker and thruster failures. Gyro failures are the quickest to detect and identify, followed by thruster and star tracker failures.
Involvement of contact sites in phosphatidylserine import into liver mitochondria (1991)

The synthesis, translocation, and decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine can occur in a cell-free system (Voelker, D. R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8019-8025). We made use of the spatial separation of the site of biosynthesis and the site of decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine to demonstrate that mitochondrial contact sites are intimately involved in the translocation of phosphatidylserine prior to decarboxylation. In that sense, the inhibition of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase leads to an accumulation of this phospholipid in the contact site-enriched fractions without mixing the inner membrane phospholipid pool. On the other hand, newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine can be exported very rapidly to the mitochondrial surface in the same way, i.e. via contact sites. These data provide further evidence for the existence of a structural and functional microcompartmentation at the inner mitochondrial membrane surface.