gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New techniques in the pharmacokinetic analysis of cancer drugs. III. Nuclear magnetic resonance. (1993)

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging are non-invasive methods for monitoring the metabolism and distribution of anti-cancer drugs in tumours or other tissues. 19F NMR provides the easiest approach but requires a "built-in" fluorine atom in the drug of interest (eg 5-fluorouracil) or the incorporation of fluorine with minimal perturbance of a drug's properties. 2H NMR has also been used but has an effective sensitivity about 10- to 100-fold less than 19F. 1H and 13C are likely to be useful as non-perturbing NMR probes for future pharmacokinetic studies. The method is intrinsically insensitive, with a detection limit in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 mmol for fluorinated drugs. Techniques for absolute quantitation and for reliable localization to specific tissues and tumours are now available but have only rarely been applied in pharmacokinetic studies in the current literature. The incorporation of in vivo NMR measurements in a drug development programme should help to explain the differences found between drug activity in vitro, in solid animal tumour models and in cancer patients. It may also be possible to optimize drug selection or mode of administration for an individual patient.
The clinical features of immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis with heart involvement (1998)

We reviewed clinical presentation, investigations, therapy, prognosis and outcome of 232 patients with primary (AL) cardiac amyloidosis. There were 142 men and 90 women. Median age at presentation was 59 years (range 29-85). AL heart disease was unusual both in patients under the age of 40 (3.0%) and in non-Caucasians (6.5%). Fatigue and weakness were the commonest presenting symptoms. Hallmark features of periorbital ecchymoses and macroglossia were present in 12.5% and 27.2%, respectively. AL cardiac amyloidosis was unusual in isolation (3.9%), and most frequently patients had features of multiorgan dysfunction; heavy proteinuria and features of malabsorption predominating in this respect. Heart involvement represents the worst prognostic indicator, with a median survival from diagnosis of 1.08 years, falling to 0.75 years with the onset of heart failure. Current therapeutic procedures appear to prolong survival, with left ventricular wall thickness, mass and ejection fraction on echocardiography and late potentials on signal averaged electrocardiography of use in prognostic stratification. Cardiac involvement from AL amyloidosis is rapidly fatal. It should be suspected in all patients with heart failure who have wall thickening on echo, normal chamber sizes, low EKG voltages and evidence suggesting a multisystem disease.
The level of monocyte turnover predicts disease progression in the macaque model of AIDS (2009)

It is widely accepted that destruction of CD4(+) T cells and viral load are the primary markers for immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected humans and in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. However, monocyte/macrophages are also important targets of HIV/SIV infection and a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity. We therefore examined whether changes in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage could be linked to the pathogenesis of AIDS in the rhesus macaque model. Here, we show that massive turnover of peripheral monocytes associated with death of tissue macrophages correlates with AIDS progression in macaques. More importantly, the level of monocyte turnover was not linked to the CD4(+) T-cell count and was a better predictive marker for AIDS progression than was viral load or lymphocyte activation. Our results show the importance of monocyte/macrophages in the pathogenesis of AIDS and suggest the dynamic changes of the monocyte/macrophages as a new marker for AIDS progression.
Drag Reduction by Ejecting Additive Solutions Into Pure-Water Boundary Layer (1972)

Drag reduction caused by ejecting additive solutions from a slot into a pure-water boundary layer on a flat plate has been systematically studied. Results include drag measurements for a plane boundary, smooth and rough, with various openings of the slot and with various concentrations and discharges of the ejected additive solution. Conclusions have been drawn on the additive requirement in external flows and on the ejection technique for an optimum drag reduction.
The influence of surface energy on the wetting behaviour of the spore adhesive of the marine alga <i>Ulva linza</i> (synonym <i>Enteromorpha linza</i> ) (2005)

The environmental scanning electron microscope has been used to image the adhesive pads secreted by zoospores of the marine alga Ulva linza as they settle on a range of self-assembled and grafted monolayers of different wettability, under natural, hydrated conditions. Results reveal that the diameter of the adhesive pad is strongly influenced by surface wettability, the adhesive spreading more (i.e. wetting the surface better) on the more hydrophilic surfaces. This is in direct contrast to previous observations on the spreading of marine bioadhesives and is in apparent contradiction to the predictions of the Young-Dupre equation for three-phase systems. In this paper, we attempt an explanation based upon thermodynamic analysis of the wetting properties of hydrophilic proteins.
Anti‐HLA class II antibodies in kidney retransplant patients (2005)

The relevance of anti-HLA class II antibodies for kidney graft survival is still controversial. In part, this can be attributed to difficulties to detect and differentiate anti-HLA class II antibodies. Anti-HLA class II IgG antibody screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, all anti-HLA class II-positive sera were subjected to the determination and specification using color-coded microspheres coated with purified HLA antigens. In a cohort of 934 patients awaiting kidney transplantation, 41 sera (4.4%) were positive for IgG anti-HLA class II antibodies. The presence was confirmed in 90.2% sera by retesting. Subsequently, all anti-HLA class II-positive patients (n = 27) who in the past had undergone a kidney transplantation with an HLA-DR and/or -DQ-mismatched graft were selected. In 25 of 27 sera (92.6%), the alloantibody specificities corresponded to the known previous transplant mismatches on a broad antigen level. In 20 of 27 sera (74.1%), anticlass I antibodies were detected as well. Anti-HLA-DP antibodies were seen in 24 of the 27 sera of this cohort. In the majority of the cases, the reactivities with different DPB1 alleles could be explained by involvement of a single, specific DPB1 epitope. Donor-specific anti-HLA-DR and -DQ antibodies were seen in the majority of cases with graft failure following HLA class II alloantigen exposure in prior kidney transplantations. In addition, HLA-DP may serve as a transplantation antigen in kidney transplantation, leading to a humoral response.
Investigation of the perceived components of the meal experience, using perceptual gap methodology (1996)

A differential questionnaire based upon SERVQUAL was issued to 234 customers at ten foodservice outlets. The results were subjected to factor analysis in order to identify structure within respondents' perceptions of the meal experience. In fact the complex empirical factor patterns which emerged corresponded neither with the expected SERVQUAL model, nor with two other models of the meal experience against which they were tested. Customers also appeared to perceive quality differently at different outlets. However, items concerned with food and with staff seemed to be common elements of the meal experience. The significance of these results and their value as a pointer for further research is discussed.
CCR3 and Choroidal Neovascularization (2011)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly in industrialized countries. The "wet" AMD, characterized by the development of choroidal neovacularization (CNV), could result in rapid and severe loss of central vision. The critical role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in CNV development has been established and VEGF-A neutralization has become the standard care for wet AMD. Recently, CCR3 was reported to play an important role in CNV development and that CCR3 targeting was reported to be superior to VEGF-A targeting in CNV suppression. We investigated the role of CCR3 in CNV development using the Matrigel induced CNV and found that in both rats and mice, CNV was well-developed in the control eyes as well as in eyes treated with CCR3 antagonist SB328437 or CCR3 neutralizing antibodies. No statistically significant difference in CNV areas was found between the control and SB328437 or CCR3-ab treated eyes. Immunostaining showed no specific expression of CCR3 in or near CNV. In contrast, both VEGF-A neutralizing antibodies and rapamycin significantly suppressed CNV. These results indicate that CCR3 plays no significant role in CNV development and question the therapeutic approach of CCR3 targeting to suppress CNV. On the other hand, our data support the therapeutic strategies of VEGF-A and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) targeting for CNV.
Spectroscopic, Voltammetric, and Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Study of Underpotentially Deposited Cu Corrosion and Passivation with Self-Assembled Organomercaptan Monolayers (1998)

FTIR−external reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ERS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry, and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) were used to study the effect of aromatic and linear-chain thiol adsorbates on the oxidation of underpotentially deposited Cu on Au (Au/Cu-UPD) in HClO4-containing electrolyte solutions. The morphology of the corroding Cu layer and its stripping potential are influenced by the presence of the organomercaptan self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). For n-alkanethiol SAMs, the Cu-UPD stripping potential shifts positive as the SAM thickness increases. Aromatic SAMs were found to passivate the Cu−UPD surface more effectively than linear-chain SAMs of equal thickness. Furthermore, a methyl-terminated aromatic SAM shifts the potential for Cu−UPD oxidation more positive than a hydroxy-terminated aromatic SAM. For longer chain n-alkanethiol SAMs, the presence of the Cu−UPD layer markedly improves the stability of the SAM compared to when it is adsorbed directly on the Au surface. These findings raise the possibility for new strategies to prevent corrosion using very thin, easily prepared composite films.
PMR: Personalized Mobile Restaurant system (2013)

Personalized mobile applications involve deploying the existing technologies to accommodate the differences between individuals. The existing applications have undertaken with the price and the location factors in mind. They show the same results regardless the personal special needs of consumers. The realization of the next generation of personalized systems will be a challenging task. For our research purpose, the personal special needs are defined as: (Religions, Cultures, Allergies, Health Condition, Diet, Preferences and Dislikes) needs that affect many aspects of a consumer life. In general there is no shortage of the restaurant apps available in the App Store, However, many of these apps are based on regular factors such as price and location. They are not a great choice for consumers with personal special needs. This paper proposes a novel “Personalized Mobile Restaurant” PMR system. To meet the strict needs of consumers; a requirement driven design approach was followed. The proposed system was tested successfully and promising results were obtained.
Evaluating Network Stacks for the Virtualized Mobile Packet Core (2021)

Several novel userspace network stacks have been proposed in recent research to overcome the limitations of the Linux network stack in providing high-performance I/O for Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). In this paper, we evaluate the performance of several state-of-the-art network stacks in the context of the VNFs of the 5G mobile packet core. The VNFs in the 5G core are several times more compute-intensive than the VNFs used to benchmark network stacks in prior work, given the need to perform user authentication and other such cryptographic operations. Our evaluation shows that while modern stacks outperform the Linux kernel stack over I/O intensive VNFs (as observed in prior work), the performance gap is not as wide in the case of CPU-intensive VNFs of the 5G core. We also find that the packet core VNFs can obtain up to 67% higher performance if the network stack could partition traffic to CPU cores at the granularity at which VNFs maintain state (mobile subscriber in this case), enabling a lockfree architecture within the VNF. The insights from our work can help us design a network stack that is better suited for compute-intensive VNFs such as those in the 5G core.
Dopamine — Clinical Uses of an Endogenous Catecholamine (1974)

THE third endogenous catecholamine, dopamine, has been extensively investigated in recent years. Dopamine, the immediate precursor of norepinephrine, is found in high concentrations in sympathetic nerves and adrenal glands. In addition, it has been identified in areas where norepinephrine does not occur, and accumulating evidence suggests that dopaminergic nerves and receptors exert unique functions in the brain and elsewhere. Investigations of the physiologic role of dopamine in the basal ganglions resulted in the use of 1-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Dopamine also exerts unusual cardiovascular actions that appear to be due to action on . . .
Fabrication of efficient planar perovskite solar cells using a one-step chemical vapor deposition method (2015)

Organometallic trihalide perovskites are promising materials for photovoltaic applications, which have demonstrated a rapid rise in photovoltaic performance in a short period of time. We report a facile one-step method to fabricate planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), with a solar power conversion efficiency of up to 11.1%. We performed a systematic optimization of CVD parameters such as temperature and growth time to obtain high quality films of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite. Scanning electron microscopy and time resolved photoluminescence data showed that the perovskite films have a large grain size of more than 1 micrometer, and carrier life-times of 10 ns and 120 ns for CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx, respectively. This is the first demonstration of a highly efficient perovskite solar cell using one step CVD and there is likely room for significant improvement of device efficiency.
Stability and Stationarity of a Reactor as a Stochastic Process with Feedback (1969)

A reactor can be analyzed as a multiplicative stochastic process or, approximately, as a deterministic process. When feedback is present, the stochastic and deterministic analyses can differ qualitatively as well as quantitatively, as is illustrated by the concept of stability. In the present study, a stochastic model of a nuclear power reactor with 135Xe, 135I, and control feedback is considered as an example of a nonlinear stochastic process. The values of variances and covariances are calculated from the first- and second-moment equations, using an iterative procedure. Numerical criteria for the value of the feedback coefficient for marginal stationarity of the stochastic model are compared with the corresponding criteria for the stability of the corresponding linearized deterministic model and found to be identical, within eight significant figures.
Low-distortion delta-sigma topologies for MASH architectures (2004)

This paper describes low-distortion delta-sigma topologies with significant system and circuit-level advantages over traditional delta-sigma topologies, especially for wideband (low oversampling ratio) applications. A comparison between traditional and low-distortion MASH topologies shows how the latter can achieve higher performance while requiring smaller silicon area and power consumption.
Nursing Procedures and Alterations in Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in Premature Infants (1982)

This study evaluated the effects of three routine nursing procedures--suctioning, repositioning, and performing a heelstick--on blood oxygen levels in premature infants, using a transcutaneous oxygen (Tcp02) monitor. Twenty-five infants with respiratory distress syndrome were monitored for three hours during which all three procedures were performed. Continuous Tcp02 records were used for measurement of baseline Tcp02 degree and duration of Tcp02 changes, length of procedural time, and rest time prior to procedures. Data were analyzed to determine if Tcp02 was altered during routine procedures, and if the degree of change was affected by length of procedure or length of rest prior to a procedure. Degree of Tcp02 change was analyzed in relation to length of time taken to recover from procedures. Tcp02 was decreased significantly during suctioning and repositioning but not during heelstick. The three procedures resulted in different degrees of change in Tcp02. Suctioning elicited the greatest decrease, followed by respositioning then heelstick. Recovery time was related to the degree of change in Tcp02 only after the repositioning procedure. Length of procedure and rest time did not relate to the degree of change in Tcp02, suggesting that it was the type of procedure that determined infant response.
Human Sexuality (2003)

A large body of scientific research documents four important gender differences in sexuality. First, on a wide variety of measures, men show greater sexual desire than do women. Second, compared with men, women place greater emphasis on committed relationships as a context for sexuality. Third, aggression is more strongly linked to sexuality for men than for women. Fourth, women's sexuality tends to be more malleable and capable of change over time. These male-female differences are pervasive, affecting thoughts and feelings as well as behavior, and they characterize not only heterosexuals but lesbians and gay men as well. Implications of these patterns are considered.
A patch‐clamp study of effects of dihydroavermectin on <i>Ascaris</i> muscle (1989)

1. Effects of bath-application of the anti-parasitic agent 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (DHAVM 20 fM to 0.2 microM) on outside-out and inside-out patches from collagenase-treated muscle membranes of Ascaris suum were examined. 2. DHAVM was tested as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist by application to outside-out patches. DHAVM failed to open characteristic GABA channels even when high concentrations (20 nM to 0.2 microM) were used. These high concentrations of DHAVM also failed to potentiate opening of channels activated by application of 3-4 microM GABA; instead they acted to depress GABA-activated channel currents by reducing mean conductances and P open. 3. In outside-out patches, low concentrations of DHAVM (1 pM to 100 pM) produced opening of 0-13 channels, the number depending on the patch. The progressive opening of channels gave rise to a 'Staircase' effect. The conductance of these channels was 9-15 pS and open times were long (greater than 100 mS). Ion substitution experiments showed these channels to be permeable to Cl. The channels were not blocked by 20 microM picrotoxin. There was a long delay (greater than 15 s) between DHAVM application and channel opening; this delay and lipophilic nature of DHAVM suggested a site of action in the lipid phase of the membrane. 4. The effect of bath-application of low concentrations of DHAVM on inside-out patches was investigated under low-Ca conditions (to avoid Ca-activated Cl channels). DHAVM (20 fM to 1 nM) did not produce opening of Cl channels but produced opening after a long delay (mean 2.5 minutes) of noisy cation-selective channels which had conductances of 5-30 pS. 5. The actions of DHAVM are discussed.
Effect of montmorillonite on the properties of thermosensitive poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide) composite hydrogels (2004)

Abstract Thermosensitive composite hydrogels containing various amounts of sodium montmorillonite (NaMM) and poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) were synthesized. Their equilibrium degree of swelling (DS) was measured in NaCl solutions of different ionic strength and at various temperatures. The DS decreased when increasing the clay content and no substantial shift in the phase transition temperature was noticed. The composite hydrogels investigated had a NaMM content ranging between 1.0 and 5.7 wt % (in 0.1 M NaCl at 25°C). A considerable enhancement in the response to thermal stimuli was observed for NaMM contents >2–3 wt %. It is suggested that when the NaMM concentration approaches a critical value, the clay platelets can inhibit the formation of the hydrophobic skin layer that hinders shrinking in conventional pNIPAAm hydrogels. The effect of montmorillonite on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels was investigated by uniaxial compression tests, which showed that the modulus increases with the NaMM content. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1964–1971, 2004
The energy partition of underwater sparks (1996)

Underwater sparks have long been used by the geophysical prospecting community as a source of intense low-frequency sound. While bubble hydrodynamic models are well developed, the mechanism of transferring energy from the thermal power input, through the various energy conversion channels, to the work done by the bubble has not been adequately studied. In this work an ab initio model of the bubble dynamics, including blackbody ablation, ionization, dissociation, and radiative transport, is developed. This model is a first step in enumerating the important physical mechanisms within bubbles generated by underwater sparks. The predictions of this model are compared with experimental results. Experimental work is still needed to validate the model, and to determine if and how model parameters related to actual physical parameters and measurable effects.
Excitation Spectra of Circular, Few-Electron Quantum Dots (1997)

Studies of the ground and excited states in semiconductor quantum dots containing 1 to 12 electrons showed that the quantum numbers of the states in the excitation spectra can be identified and compared with exact calculations. A magnetic field induces transitions between the ground and excited states. These transitions were analyzed in terms of crossings between single-particle states, singlet-triplet transitions, spin polarization, and Hund's rule. These impurity-free quantum dots allow "atomic physics" experiments to be performed in magnetic field regimes not accessible for atoms.
The Human CCHC-type Zinc Finger Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein Binds G-Rich Elements in Target mRNA Coding Sequences and Promotes Translation (2017)

The CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP/ZNF9) is conserved in eukaryotes and is essential for embryonic development in mammals. It has been implicated in transcriptional, as well as post-transcriptional, gene regulation; however, its nucleic acid ligands and molecular function remain elusive. Here, we use multiple systems-wide approaches to identify CNBP targets and function. We used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to identify 8,420 CNBP binding sites on 4,178 mRNAs. CNBP preferentially bound G-rich elements in the target mRNA coding sequences, most of which were previously found to form G-quadruplex and other stable structures in vitro. Functional analyses, including RNA sequencing, ribosome profiling, and quantitative mass spectrometry, revealed that CNBP binding did not influence target mRNA abundance but rather increased their translational efficiency. Considering that CNBP binding prevented G-quadruplex structure formation in vitro, we hypothesize that CNBP is supporting translation by resolving stable structures on mRNAs.
Learning without awareness: The influence of the sequence structure in the serial reaction time task (2002)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published