gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-dependent uptake of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, the neurotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, by mitochondria. (1986)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an impurity in certain batches of illicit heroin substitutes, is known to cause parkinsonian symptoms and degeneration of the nigrostriatal cells in drug abusers and primates. Neurotoxicity depends on oxidation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase in brain cells to the dihydropyridinium form, which is further oxidized to N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the 4-electron oxidation product. The latter is widely believed to be the compound responsible for neuronal destruction and the NADH dehydrogenase of the inner membrane has been postulated to be its target. This enzyme is inhibited, however, only at very high concentrations of MPP+, while the steady-state concentration of MPP+ in the nigrostriatal cells of MPTP-treated animals is several orders of magnitude lower. This paradox has now been resolved by the discovery of an energized uptake system for MPP+ in mitochondria which rapidly concentrates MPP+ to very high concentrations in the mitochondria at micromolar external concentrations. The process is dependent on the electrical gradient of the membrane, has a Km of about 5 mM, and is completely blocked by respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers.
TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N<sub>2</sub>for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation (2008)

Anatase titania nanotube arrays were fabricated by means of anodization and annealed at 300, 400, and 500 °C in N 2. Lithium-ion intercalation measurements revealed that annealing in nitrogen resulted in much enhanced lithium-ion insertion capacity and improved cyclic stability. TiO 2 nanotube arrays annealed at 300 °C exhibited the best lithium-ion intercalation property with an initial high discharge capacity up to 240 mA·h/g at a high current density of 320 mA/g. The excellent discharge capacity at a high charge/discharge rate could be attributed to the large surface area of the nanotube arrays and a short facile diffusion path for lithium-ion intercalation as well as improved electrical conductivity. As the annealing temperature increased, the discharge capacity decreased, but the cyclic stability improved; 400 °C annealed TiO 2 nanotube arrays possessed an initial discharge capacity of 163 mA·h/g and retained 145 mA·h/g at the 50th cycle. The relationship between the annealing conditions, microstructure, and lithium-ion intercalation properties of TiO 2 nanotube arrays was discussed.
Effects of Radio-Frequency Radiation on Mammalian Cells and Biomolecules In Vitro (1995)

In vitro biological systems, such as mammalian cells or biomolecules, provide the most direct means of assessing the biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Such systems were exposed to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RFER) under conditions that permitted differentiating indirect effects due to RFER-induced heating from direct exposure effects. This distinction is of importance because current RFER health protection guidelines were designed primarily on the basis of limiting thermally induced physiological alterations. Studies reviewed here include RFER in vitro effects on cell proliferation, neoplastic transformation, cell membrane cation transport and binding, energy metabolism, and neuroelectrical activity. Whereas the basic RFER biological interaction mechanisms remain elusive, in vitro data provide insight and direction for future studies. Such data also provide a perspective for emerging issues related to health effects of exposure to environmental electromagnetic fields.
Hydromorphology of Piedmont Floodplain Soils (2004)

Alluvial soils situated on middle locations along Mid-Atlantic Piedmont floodplains lack characteristic redoximorphic features that allow them to meet a current field indicator of hydric soil. Although these soils appear to be located in wetlands based on their hydrologic, vegetative, and electrochemical status; there is no hydric soil indicator that accurately includes soils on these landscapes. Two research sites in Maryland and one in Delaware were instrumented along a hydrosequence. Depth to water table, redox potential, and soil temperature were measured. Redox potential measurements of the hydric and possible hydric soil conclude that Fe(III) is predicted to be reduced to Fe(II) for a significant period of time during the growing season. Based on data collected over three years, the possible hydric soil was confirmed hydric. An alternate hydric soil indicator has been proposed for these landscapes.
Unconditional Stability of a Three-Port Network Characterized with S-Parameters (1987)

An analytical solution is presented which establishes nine conditions necessary for determining the unconditional stability of a network described with three-port S-parameters. In contrast to the unconditional stability conditions of a two-port network the unconditional stability conditions of a three-port network are dependent on both the three-port S-parameters and the port terminations. These criteria form the basis for three-port amplifier design, and are used to analyze measured three-port S-parameter data of a silicon BJT at 2.4 GHz.
Ser1928 Is a Common Site for Cav1.2 Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C Isoforms (2004)

Voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)1.2, L-type Ca(2+) channel) function is highly regulated by hormones and neurotransmitters in large part through the activation of kinases and phosphatases. Regulation of Ca(v)1.2 by protein kinase C (PKC) is of significant physiologic importance, mediating, in part, the cardiac response to hormonal regulation. Although PKC has been reported to mediate activation and/or inhibition of Ca(v)1.2 function, the molecular mechanisms mediating the response have not been definitively elucidated. We show that PKC forms a macromolecular complex with the alpha(1c) subunit of Ca(v)1.2 through direct interaction with the C terminus. This interaction leads to phosphorylation of the channel in response to activators of PKC. We identify Ser(1928) as the residue that is phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and in vivo. Ser(1928) has been identified previously as the site mediating, in part, the protein kinase A up-regulation of channel activity. Thus, the protein kinase A and PKC signaling pathways converge on the Ca(v)1.2 complex at Ser(1928) to increase channel activity. Our results identify two mechanisms leading to regulation of Ca(v)1.2 activity by PKC: pre-association of the channel with PKC isoforms and phosphorylation of specific sites within the alpha(1c) subunit.
Integrative selection of human chromosome-specific yeast artificial chromosomes. (1991)

Human specific "integrative selection vectors" (ISVs) were designed to optimize integration of a yeast-selectable marker specifically into yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) derived from human but not mouse DNA. ISVs were transformed into a YAC genomic library constructed from DNA of a human-mouse somatic cell hybrid containing chromosome 21 (HSA21) as the only human chromosome. One percent of the yeast in the original library contained HSA21-derived YACs; between 45% and 54% of the yeast recovered after transformation with ISV vectors contained human YACs. Integrative selection provides a rapid means of obtaining a highly enriched population of human chromosome-specific YACs by eliminating the labor-intensive steps of isolating and screening primary transformants. The procedure is biased toward the selection of YACs that contain a large number of targets for homologous recombinations; thus, libraries constructed by this procedure will be composed primarily of the largest YACs in the population.
Commutation Torque Ripple Reduction in a Position Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Drive (2006)

This paper presents a novel method to reduce commutation torque ripple in a position sensorless brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive. To compensate the commutation torque ripple considerably, conventional methods should know commutation interval, so that they need current sensors. However, the proposed method measures commutation interval from the terminal voltage of a BLDC motor, calculates a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) duty ratio using the measured commutation interval to suppress the commutation torque ripple, and applies to the calculated PWM duty ratio only during the next commutation. Experimental results verify that the proposed method implemented in an air conditioner compressor controller considerably reduces not only the pulsating currents but also vibrations of a position-sensorless BLDC motor
Persistent Use of Mixed Code: An Exploration of Its Functions in Hong Kong Schools (2006)

Codemixing of Cantonese Chinese and English is a common speech behaviour used by bilingual people in Hong Kong. Though codemixing is repeatedly criticised as a cause of the decline of students' language competence, there is little hard evidence to indicate its detrimental effects. This study examines the use of mixed code in the context of the home setting, school setting and leisure activities. The data are complied from a questionnaire completed by 160 Hong Kong teachers and students. Subjects recorded their awareness of their frequency and purposes of using a mixed code communication style. Results showed that codemixing was frequently used by the subjects. Findings suggested that codemixing performed certain communicative functions and was used for various practical purposes. Codemixing appears to be a customary component of a bilingual society. No matter whether people dislike or prefer it, codemixing continues to exist and satisfy bilingual speakers' communicative needs. Administrative sanctions may not be effective.
Fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging of myocardial apoptosis (2006)

Fluorometry is used to detect intrinsic flavoprotein (FP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) signals in an open-chest rabbit model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myocyte apoptosis has been shown clinically to contribute to infarct size following reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. A noninvasive means of assessing apoptosis in this setting would aid in the treatment of subsequent ventricular remodeling. We show that in vivo fluorometry can be useful in apoptosis detection in open-chest surgeries. Specific changes in myocardial redox states have been shown to indicate the presence of apoptosis. Two main mitochondrial intrinsic fluorophores, NADH and FP signals, were measured during normoxia, ischemia, and reperfusion experimental protocol. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the largest branch of the circumflex coronary artery and fluorescence signals are collected by applying two different fluorescence techniques: in vivo fluorometry and postmortem cryoimaging. The first technique was employed to detect FP and NADH signals in vivo and the latter technique uses freeze trapping and low-temperature fluorescence imaging. The heart is snap frozen while still in the chest cavity to make a "snapshot" of the metabolic state of the tissue. After freezing, the ischemic area and its surrounding border zone were excised and the sample was embedded in a frozen buffer for cryoscanning. These two data sets, in vivo fluorometry and low-temperature redox scanning, show consistent extreme oxidation of the mitochondrial redox states (higher redox ratio) suggesting the initiation of apoptosis following reperfusion. This represents the first attempt to assess myocyte apoptosis in the beating heart.
A multilevel multilayer partitioning algorithm for three dimensional integrated circuits (2010)

In this paper, we propose a multilevel multilayer partitioning algorithm for 3D ICs application. The algorithm is based on the multilevel framework to coarsen the netlist successively. A multilayer partitioning procedure is applied on each level of partition during the un-coarsening process. The objective is to minimize the total number of Through Silicon Via (TSV) while observing the area constraint for each layer. The area of each layer is the summation of circuit area and TSV area. The partitioning algorithm is customized for the structure of 3D ICs. We utilize a FM-like data structure and identify eight critical net distributions such that after a cell move, the program can update gains very effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively produce good results with small numbers of TSV, area overhead, and area coefficient of variation for the tested industrial cases. The average area overhead is only 1.84% that shows the average white space is very small. The average area coefficient of variation is only 2.61% that shows area distribution of all layers is very uniform. The results also achieve the best average value for both number of TSVs and chip area, compared to all participating teams in “Design Partition for 3D ICs” problem in the IC/CAD 2009 contest in Taiwan.
Angiogenesis in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles with rebound weight-gain after diet-restriction in rabbits (2001)

The mechanisms of excessive body weight gain after diet-restriction are still unclear. In this study, we investigated expression of angiogenic factors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rabbits which had rebound weight gains; trying to make inquiries into the mechanisms of this rebound weight gain. Ten rabbits were divided into two groups. One group had free food intake (group C), and the other group had restricted food intake until day 40 of the experiments and then had free food intake (group DR). Specimens of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were collected from each rabbit on days 20, 40, and 60 after the initial examination, and expressions of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) were investigated. Expression of VEGF was significantly strong in the adipose tissue of group DR at the recovery period of body weight. In conclusion, rebound weight gain after a restricted-diet may be associated with angiogenesis in adipose tissue, and the angiogenesis may be induced by VEGF.
Fabrication of vertically aligned Si nanowires and their application in a gated field emission device (2006)

A technique involving a combination of using self-assembled nanomask and anisotropic plasma etching is developed for fabricating vertically aligned single-crystalline Si nanowires (SiNWs). The SiNWs are shown to have excellent field emission performance with the turn-on field as low as 0.8MV∕m and the threshold field being 5.0MV∕m. In addition, an emission current density of 442mA∕cm2 can be obtained at an applied field of ∼14MV∕m. The technique is easily employed to fabricate arrays of SiNW-based field emission microtriodes. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of the SiNWs and the observed field emission properties.
Formulations for Surrogate-Based Optimization with Data Fit, Multifidelity, and Reduced-Order Models (2006)

Surrogate-based optimization (SBO) methods have become established as effective techniques for engineering design problems through their ability to tame nonsmoothness and reduce computational expense. Possible surrogate modeling techniques include data fits (local, multipoint, or global), multifidelity model hierarchies, and reduced-order models, and each of these types has unique features when employed within SBO. This paper explores a number of SBO algorithmic variations and their effect for different surrogate modeling cases. First, general facilities for constraint management are explored through approximate subproblem formulations (e.g., direct surrogate), constraint relaxation techniques (e.g., homotopy), merit function selections (e.g., augmented Lagrangian), and iterate acceptance logic selections (e.g., filter methods). Second, techniques specialized to particular surrogate types are described. Computational results are presented for sets of algebraic test problems and an engineering design application solved using the DAKOTA software.
Tuning the Excited-State Dynamics of GFP-Inspired Imidazolone Derivatives (2009)

The excited-state dynamics of five derivatives of the GFP-chromophore, which differ by the position and nature of their substituents, has been investigated in solvents of various viscosity and polarity and in rigid media using femtosecond-resolved spectroscopy. In polar solvents of low viscosity, like acetonitrile or methanol, the fluorescence decays of all compounds are multiexponential, with average lifetimes of the order of a few picoseconds, whereas in rigid matrices (polymer films and low temperature glasses), they are single exponential with lifetimes of the order of a few nanoseconds and fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. Global analysis of the fluorescence decays recorded at several wavelengths and of the transient absorption spectra reveals the presence of several excited-state populations with slightly different fluorescence and absorption spectra and with distinct lifetimes. These populations are attributed to the existence of multiple ground-state conformers. From the analysis of the dependence of the excited-state dynamics on the solvent and on the nature of the substituents, it follows that the nonradiative deactivation of all these excited chromophores involves an intramolecular coordinate with large amplitude motion. However, depending on the solvent and substituent, additional channels, namely, inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bond assisted nonradiative deactivation, are operative. This allows tuning of the excited-state lifetime of the chromophore. Finally, an ultrafast photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer is observed in polar solvents with one derivative bearing a dimethylaminophenyl substituent.
The association of trace elements with manganese minerals in Australian soils (1966)

In widely different types of Australian soils birnessite and lithiophorite appear to be the common forms of occurrence of mineralized manganese. These mineral forms were dissolved out of the soil by hydrogen peroxide acidified to pH 3 with nitric acid and analyses of the extracts were made. It was found that the concentration of trace elements is generally quite high in these minerals. In particular, most of the soil cobalt (average 79%) was contained in or associated with these minerals where they were present.
Patient health management system using e-health monitoring architecture (2014)

This paper illustrates the design and implementation of an e-health monitoring networked system. The architecture for this system is based on smart devices and wireless sensor networks for real time analysis of various parameters of patients. This system is aimed at developing a set of modules which can facilitate the diagnosis for the doctors through tele-monitoring of patients. It also facilitates continuous investigation of the patient for emergencies looked over by attendees and caregivers. A set of medical and environmental sensors are used to monitor the health as well as the surrounding of the patient. This sensor data is then relayed to the server using a smart device or a base station in close proximity. The doctors and caregivers monitor the patient in real time through the data received through the server. The medical history of each patient including medications and medical reports are stored on cloud for easy access and processing for logistics and prognosis of future complications. The architecture is so designed for monitoring a unitary patient privately at home as well as multiple patients in hospitals and public health care units. Use of smartphones to relay data over internet reduces the total cost of the system. We have also considered the privacy and security aspects of the system keeping the provision for selective authority for patients and their relatives to access the cloud storage as well as the possible threats to the system. We have also introduced a novel set of value added services through this paper which include Real Time Health Advice and Action (ReTiHA) and Parent monitoring for people with their family living abroad.
Theoretical study of pressure effect on the dislocation core properties in semiconductors (2009)

The effect of an applied pressure on the core of screw dislocations in semiconductors such as Si, $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{-SiC}$, and diamond has been investigated by carrying out tight-binding and first-principles calculations of the variations in dislocation core energies and in energy barriers for dislocation translation. Pressure is found to have a sizable effect and can lead to either decreases or increases in the latter quantities. It is also shown that it is advisable to take into account all pressure-dependent parameters for accurately determining this effect. Nevertheless, we found that for the investigated materials, the effect of pressure was not strong enough to induce structural transformations of the dislocation core. The mobility of the cores was also found to be dependent on pressure, which tends to increase or decrease the energy barriers according to the direction of the dislocation displacement.
Map of Japan (2010)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Characterization of Canine Parvovirus 2 Variants Circulating in Greece (2010)

The aim of the present study was to characterize Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) variants currently circulating in Greece. Between March 2008 and March 2009, 167 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic dogs from different regions of Greece. Canine parvovirus 2 was detected by standard polymerase chain reaction, whereas minor groove binder probe assays were used to distinguish genetic variants and discriminate between vaccine and field strains. Of 84 CPV-2-positive samples, 81 CPV-2a, 1 CPV-2b, and 2 CPV-2c were detected. Vaccine strains were not detected in any sample. Sequence analysis of the VP2 gene of the 2 CPV-2c viruses revealed up to 100% amino acid identity with the CPV-2c strains previously detected in Europe. The results indicated that, unlike other European countries, CPV-2a remains the most common variant in Greece, and that the CPV-2c variant found in Europe is also present in Greece.
How Important Is Bleomycin in the Adriamycin + Bleomycin + Vinblastine + Dacarbazine Regimen? (2004)

in reducing bony pain in metastatic prostate cancer. 3 It is also long-acting. A group of osteoporotic women who received a single dose of zoledronate (4 mg) demonstrated suppression of biochemical markers of bone resorption one year later. Most studies using zoledronate have reported a low incidence of asymptomatic hypocalcemia. ] Vitamin D deficiency has been well documented in elderly and inpatient populations and may have an incidence as high as 60%. In addition, proton pump inhibitors, which are being increasingly prescribed, limit the absorption of dietary calcium. As more patients with osteoporosis, skeletal metastases and hypercalcemia of malignancy are treated with intravenous bisphosphonates, the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia will likely increase, particularly in patients with underlying disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. This is particularly true in the case of zoledronate, which appears to be more potent and longer acting than older bisphosphonates.