gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of a New Barium Niobium Sulfide, Ba9Nb4S21. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Innate Vα14<sup>+</sup> natural killer T cells mature dendritic cells, leading to strong adaptive immunity (2007)

The observation that the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) is a potent stimulator of natural killer T (NKT) cells has provided an important means for investigating NKT cell biology. alpha-GalCer is presented on CD1d to the invariant NKT receptor, leading to interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by dendritic cells (DCs) and to NK cell activation. We review our research on the tumor-protective properties of alpha-GalCer, particularly the major role played by DCs. We compared administration of alpha-GalCer on mature DCs with soluble glycolipid and found that DCs induced more prolonged interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NKT cells and better protection against B16 melanoma. Human alpha-GalCer-loaded DCs also expanded NKT cell numbers in cancer patients. alpha-GalCer-activated NKT cells were then found to induce DC maturation in vivo. The maturing DCs produced IL-12, upregulated co-stimulatory molecules, and induced adaptive immunity to captured cellular antigens, including prolonged, combined CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell immunity to dying tumor cells. Surprisingly, co-stimulator-poor tumor cells, if directly loaded with alpha-GalCer ('tumor/Gal') and injected intravenously, also induced strong NKT- and NK-cell responses. The latter killed the tumor/Gal, which were subsequently cross presented by CD1d on DCs to elicit DC maturation and prolonged adaptive T-cell immunity, which lasted 6-12 months. These findings help explain tumor protection via alpha-GalCer and urge development of the DC-NKT axis to provide innate and adaptive immunity to human cancers.
Hydrolysis of Tetrafluoroborate and Hexafluorophosphate Counter Ions in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (2009)

Controversy behind the postulation that ionic liquids (ILs) are entirely green materials emerged a few years ago. This statement is not always valid, and properties such as toxicity and chemical/thermal stability of ILs should be fully characterized to evaluate their potential use as green solvents. Therefore, in this work, the thermal and chemical decompositions of hexafluorophosphate- and tetrafluoroborate-based ILs in aqueous solutions were evaluated. The experimental conditions employed allowed the study of the possible decomposition of both anions, the effect of the cation side alkyl chain length, the influence of the pH of the aqueous solutions, as well as the temperature influence. Three experimental techniques were employed to fully characterize those anions' stability, electrospray mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and pH measurements of the equilibrium aqueous solutions. The results noticeably indicate that it is suitable to use aqueous solutions of hexafluorophosphate-based ILs at moderate temperatures while acidic conditions promote the anion hydrolysis, even at low temperatures. On the other hand, the tetrafluoroborate-based ILs are not water-stable compounds since they hydrolyze under all of the conditions tested and the hydrolysis extent is markedly dependent on the temperature.
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate potentiates the antitumour activity of cisplatin in a murine adenocarcinoma model. (2003)

These data demonstrate that the combination of CA1P and CPL has significant preclinical antitumour activity against a transplantable murine adenocarcinoma model that is related to the antivascular effects of CA1P.
Format of the RSVP DCLASS Object (2000)

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) signaling may be used to request Quality of Service (QoS) services and enhance the manageability of application traffic's QoS in a differentiated service (diff-serv or DS) network. When using RSVP with DS networks it is useful to be able to carry carry Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCPs) in RSVP message objects. One example of this is the use of RSVP to arrange for the marking of packets with a particular DSCP upstream from the DS network's ingress point, at the sender or at a previous network's egress router.
Extrusion – back to the future: Using an established technique to reform automated chemical synthesis (2017)

Herein, the benefits which extrusion can provide for the automated continuous synthesis of organic compounds are highlighted. Extrusion is a well-established technique that has a vital role in the manufacturing processes of polymers, pharmaceuticals and food products. Furthermore, this technique has recently been applied to the solvent-free continuous synthesis of co-crystals and coordination compounds including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To date, a vast amount of research has already been conducted into reactive extrusion (REX), particularly in the polymer industry, which in many cases has involved organic transformations, however, it has not received significant recognition for this. This review highlights these transformations and discusses how this previous research can be applied to the future of organic compound manufacture.
Magnetic properties of (Al,Ga,Mn)As (2002)

Epitaxial (Al,Ga,Mn)As films were prepared by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy and their magnetic properties were investigated. The Mn composition was fixed at approximately 0.05 while Al composition was varied up to 0.30. The results of magnetization and transport measurements for high Al composition samples show an out-of-plane magnetic easy axis and insulating behavior. This is quite different from those of (Ga,Mn)As films grown under the same growth conditions. The postgrowth annealing modified both the anisotropy and conductivity, indicating the presence of correlation between them. Preparation and characterization of the (Al,Ga,Mn)As-based heterostructures are also presented.
A New Approach in Measuring Cu–EMC Adhesion Strength by AFM (2006)

Copper–epoxy molding compound (Cu–EMC) interface is known to be one of the weakest interfaces in an electronic package exhibiting delamination during reliability test. Thiol compound which bonds readily and forms a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) with copper is proposed to improve interfacial adhesion between copper and EMC. Conventional adhesion evaluation involves force measurement in macro-scale. However, inconclusive or even contradictive results are common in those tests because of uncontrollable surface conditions such as contamination and, in particular, roughness. To eliminate the roughness effect and reflect the true chemical bonding condition, an Si wafer was used as a substrate in the experiments. This study involves the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM) in characterizing the nanoscale adhesion force in a Cu–SAM–EMC system. Findings were used as the criteria in selecting a SAM candidate. A thiol compound having a carbonyl group is shown to be the best adhesion promoter from the measurement. The nanoscale AFM results are shown to be consistent with the result of macroscopic shear tests. It has been demonstrated, with SAM treatment on a cleaned copper surface, that the fracture force between Cu–EMC samples is improved from 119 to 195N.
Whitman's "Overstaid Fraction": Section 38 of "Song of Myself" (1988)

Seeks a better understanding of Section 38 of "Song of Myself" by attempting to answer three questions about the passage: "What is the 'usual mistake' that the poet discovers? What does it mean to look 'with a separate look'? And what is the 'overstaid fraction' that is resumed?"
A simple liquid-chromatographic method for measuring vitamin B6 compounds in plasma. (1989)

This relatively simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring all seven known forms of vitamin B6 in plasma from individuals supplemented with pyridoxine hydrochloride shows good analytical recovery (85-98%) and precision. Within-run and between-run CVs for plasmas supplemented with standards were 4% and 7%, respectively. The major forms of B6 found in unsupplemented plasma from normal subjects were pyridoxal phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid, with pyridoxal just detectable. The HPLC procedure correlated well (r = 0.94) with a modification of an enzymatic method involving apotryptophanase (Anal Biochem 1972;45:567-76) for measuring plasma pyridoxal phosphate, and also (r = 0.94) with a routine method for determining 4-pyridoxic acid in urine (Clin Chem 1964;10:479-89). Elimination of pyridoxine from the plasma of both normal and hyperoxaluric individuals was shown to be very rapid, with half-lives (t1/2) of 45 and 40 min, respectively. Finally, we present evidence for the existence of two other forms of B6 and discuss the possibility of a new metabolic pathway in vitamin B6 metabolism.
Functional differentiation of endosomes in Arabidopsis cells (2004)

Endocytosis plays an important role in plant physiology, but how endocytic organelles are organized remains unknown. We present the evidence that endosomes are functionally differentiated in Arabidopsis cells. Two types of Rab5-related GTPases are localized on distinct population of endosomes in a partially overlapping manner. Ara7 and Rha1 are on an early type of endosomes with AtVamp727, where recycling of plasma membrane proteins occurs. In contrast, the plant-unique Rab5, Ara6, resides on distinct endosomes with the prevacuolar SNAREs. Partially overlapping localization of Ara6 and Ara7/Rha1 with reciprocal gradients suggests maturation of endosomes from one to the other.
Accuracy and Tactical Implications of Bearings-Only Ranging Algorithms (1985)

Passive (bearings-only) ranging uses only directional information to deduce the distance to a moving target. This paper derives an estimate for the accuracy of a least squares passive ranging algorithm. The formula can be used to compare the effectiveness of various tactics.
Understanding the Heart of the 5G Air Interface: An Overview of Physical Downlink Control Channel for 5G New Radio (NR) (2019)

New Radio (NR) is a new radio air interface developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications system. With great flexibility, scalability, and efficiency, 5G is expected to address a wide range of use-cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC). The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in NR carries Downlink Control Information (DCI). Understanding how PDCCH operates is key to developing a good understanding of how information is communicated over NR. This paper provides an overview of the 5G NR PDCCH by describing its physical layer structure, monitoring mechanisms, beamforming operation, and the carried information. We also share various design rationales that influence NR standardization.
El otro como adversario (2010)

"En el marco de la investigación "Violencia: escenarios y procesos de identificación", esta ponencia muestra los avances en la delimitación del concepto violencia y sobre la significación del Otro. El otro igual, pero a su vez adversario, aquel con el cual se identifican pero desde la adversidad. Una suerte de búsqueda de sostén pero a partir de la diferenciación extrema. Entendiendo que la problemática juvenil nos enfrenta con toda crudeza a la problemática socio histórica actual en toda su expresión. Indagar sobre causas, características, motivaciones subjetivas y categorías que reflejen con mayor objetividad a qué nos referimos cuando hablamos de violencia, pero enmarcados en un contexto concreto: la escuela y en un grupo determinado: los jóvenes. La dialéctica entre el ser y el pensar, permite concebir una suerte de instrumento de análisis donde no alcanza con indagar sobre las representaciones, que aunque necesarias no permiten la visualización total de problemática específica de la violencia entre pares. El objetivo es comprender cuales son los mecanismos que permiten que se produzca y reproduzca la violencia social, a través de la incorporación de modelos vinculados a ella, para abordar la contradicción que marca la definición de esta como un fenómeno negativo y a su vez la existencia de procesos sociales que generan modelos de identificación con la violencia. Bucear sobre las diferentes modalidades vinculares y de comunicación que favorecen procesos de identificación con modelos violentos, nos permitirá concluir provisoriamente si actualmente los jóvenes se identifican positivamente con dichos modelos y qué función tendrían para la reproducción del sistema o su cuestionamiento."
DNA Synthesis by RNA-Containing Tumor Viruses (1970)

Murine leukemia (Rauscher and Moloney strains) and sarcoma (Kirsten strain) virions, as well as the mammary tumor virus of mice, contain an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Optimal incorporation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates occurs at a critical detergent (Triton X-100) concentration (0.010-0.014%). At higher than optimal detergent concentrations the virion is seen to be disrupted and enzyme activity is lost. The virion, enzymatic activity, and newly synthesized DNA all cosediment in a sucrose gradient. Thus far the enzymatic activity has been found only in RNA viruses that have oncogenic properties.
Acoustic attenuation in gas mixtures with nitrogen: Experimental data and calculations (2003)

Attenuation in a gas results from a combination of classical attenuation, attenuation from diffusion, and attenuation due to molecular relaxation. In previous papers [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 1955 (2001); 110, 2974 (2001)] a model is described that predicts the attenuation from vibrational relaxation in gas mixtures. In order to validate this model, the attenuation was measured using a pulse technique with four transducer pairs, each with a different resonant frequency. The attenuation calculated using the model was compared to the measured values for a variety of gases including: air, oxygen, methane, hydrogen, and mixtures of oxygen/nitrogen, methane/nitrogen, carbon dioxide/nitrogen, and hydrogen/nitrogen. After the measured data is corrected for diffraction, the model matches the trends in the measured attenuation spectrum for this extensive set of gas mixtures.
Statistical Inference (1993)

This classic textbook builds theoretical statistics from the first principles of probability theory. Starting from the basics of probability, the authors develop the theory of statistical inference using techniques, definitions, and concepts that are statistical and natural extensions, and consequences, of previous concepts. It covers all topics from a standard inference course including: distributions, random variables, data reduction, point estimation, hypothesis testing, and interval estimation.  Features The classic graduate-level textbook on statistical inference Develops elements of statistical theory from first principles of probability Written in a lucid style accessible to anyone with some background in calculus Covers all key topics of a standard course in inference Hundreds of examples throughout to aid understanding Each chapter includes an extensive set of graduated exercises Statistical Inference, Second Edition is primarily aimed at graduate students of statistics, but can be used by advanced undergraduate students majoring in statistics who have a solid mathematics background. It also stresses the more practical uses of statistical theory, being more concerned with understanding basic statistical concepts and deriving reasonable statistical procedures, while less focused on formal optimality considerations. This is a reprint of the second edition originally published by Cengage Learning, Inc. in 2001.
Identification of Inhibitory Autophosphorylation Sites in Casein Kinase I ε (1999)

Casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon) is a widely expressed protein kinase implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes including DNA replication and repair, nuclear trafficking, and circadian rhythm. CKIepsilon and the closely related CKIdelta are regulated in part through autophosphorylation of their carboxyl-terminal extensions, resulting in down-regulation of enzyme activity. Treatment of CKIepsilon with any of several serine/threonine phosphatases causes a marked increase in kinase activity that is self-limited. To identify the sites of inhibitory autophosphorylation, a series of carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Truncations that eliminated specific phosphopeptides present in the wild-type kinase were used to guide construction of specific serine/threonine to alanine mutants. Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. The identified autophosphorylation sites do not conform to CKI substrate motifs identified in peptide substrates.
Increasing Recognition of Happiness in Ambiguous Facial Expressions Reduces Anger and Aggressive Behavior (2013)

The ability to identify emotion in other people is critical to social functioning. In a series of experiments, we explored the relationship between recognition of emotion in ambiguous facial expressions and aggressive thoughts and behavior, both in healthy adults and in adolescent youth at high risk of criminal offending and delinquency. We show that it is possible to experimentally modify biases in emotion recognition to encourage the perception of happiness over anger in ambiguous expressions. This change in perception results in a decrease in self-reported anger and aggression in healthy adults and high-risk youth, respectively, and also in independently rated aggressive behavior in high-risk youth. We obtained similar effects on mood using two different techniques to modify biases in emotion perception (feedback-based training and visual adaptation). These studies provide strong evidence that emotion processing plays a causal role in anger and the maintenance of aggressive behavior.
Body Effects on Thin Single-Layer Slot, Self-Complementary, and Wire Antennas (2014)

Thin single-layer slot, self-complementary, and wire antennas for plaster-like sensor applications at 2.4 GHz band are presented. Two antennas of each type as well as an inductive meander structure are considered. The analysis is based on simulations and measurements using thin inkjet-printed antenna prototypes. Measurements show that the antennas are operational when placed at a 0.3 mm distance from the body. Slot-type antennas perform the best in the immediate proximity of the body, achieving -10 dBi maximum realized gain sufficient for short-range off-body wireless communications. The functionality of the radio interface at 2.4 GHz band is validated using a sensor prototype operating at 0.3 mm from the body.
Selective dielectrophoretic manipulation of surface-immobilized DNA molecules (2003)

The fabrication of nanoscale molecular devices is becoming increasingly important and research into their fabrication has intensified over the last few years. In particular, the attachment of molecular objects onto various surfaces has attracted considerable attention. Here, we report a multistep surface immobilization procedure, which allows the specific and controlled attachment of very long DNA molecules onto gold electrodes. Further, we report the effect of dielectrophoresis on these surface-bound DNA molecules with respect to amplitude and frequency, and we show that selected surface-immobilized DNA molecules can be manipulated by dielectrophoresis. Finally, we investigated the use of dielectrophoresis in conjunction with the multistep surface immobilization of fluorescently labelled, surface-bound λ-DNA in a basic data-storage device.
Calculation of the state of safety (SOS) for lithium ion batteries (2016)

As lithium ion batteries are adopted in electric vehicles and stationary storage applications, the higher number of cells and greater energy densities increases the risks of possible catastrophic events. This paper shows a definition and method to calculate the state of safety of an energy storage system based on the concept that safety is inversely proportional to the concept of abuse. As the latter increases, the former decreases to zero. Previous descriptions in the literature are qualitative in nature but don’t provide a numerical quantification of the safety of a storage system. In the case of battery testing standards, they only define pass or fail criteria. The proposed state uses the same range as other commonly used state quantities like the SOC, SOH, and SOF, taking values between 0, completely unsafe, and 1, completely safe. The developed function combines the effects of an arbitrary number of subfunctions, each of which describes a particular case of abuse, in one or more variables such as voltage, temperature, or mechanical deformation, which can be detected by sensors or estimated by other techniques. The state of safety definition can be made more general by adding new subfunctions, or by refining the existing ones.
Thermodynamics for Removal of Boron from Metallurgical Silicon by Flux Treatment (1990)

The thermodynamics of the removal of boron, which is most difficult among various impurity elements, was investigated by applying the flux treatment in order to develop a new production technique of solar grade silicon (SOG-Si) by refining inexpensive metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si).The equilibrium distributions of boron between silicon and various fluxes CaO-SiO2, CaO-CaF2-SiO2, CaO-MgO-SiO2 (-CaF2) and CaO-BaO-SiO2 (-CaF2) systems were determined from 1723 to 1823 K under CO or Ar atmospheres. The distribution of boron has a maximum with increasing basicity and increases with raising temperature for all fluxes studied.The reaction of the removal of boron from silicon to flux is expressed as follows;(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) \ oindentFrom those findings, the mechanism of boron removal is discussed.
Statistical Properties of Amplify and Forward Relay Fading Channels (2006)

Cooperation diversity schemes have been proposed for cellular networks that permit mobile stations to relay signals to a final destination, thereby increasing the network capacity and coverage. The mobile relays either decode and retransmit the received signal or simply amplify and forward (A & F) the signal. The overall channel from the source to the destination via the relay in A & F systems is "double" Gaussian with properties quite different from a typical cellular channel. Since very little is known about A & F relay fading channels, this paper considers their statistical properties such as the envelope probability density function, autocorrelation, level crossing rate, and system performance characteristics like frequency of outages and average outage durations. We briefly discuss the simulation of these channels and verify our analysis by simulations.