gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion estimation and tracking of multiple objects in sector scan sonar using optical flow (1996)

The new generation electronic sector scanning sonars is now allowing practical use of temporal information for signal processing tasks such as object classification and motion estimation. This paper presents an approach to the segmentation, 2D motion estimation and subsequent tracking of multiple objects in sector scan sonar image sequences. Initially, frequency domain filtering is used to distinguish static and moving objects in the sonar scan image sequence. Optical flow calculations are then performed on moving objects with significant size, to obtain magnitude and direction motion estimates. Matching of these motion estimates, and the object future positions they predict, is then used as a basis for identifying corresponding objects in adjacent scans. A tracking tree is constructed storing multiple possible correspondences and cumulative confidence values obtained from successive compatibility measures. Deferred decision making is then employed to enable best estimates of object tracks to be updated as subsequent scans produce new information.
New Insights into the Fundamental Chemical Nature of Ionic Liquid Film Formation on Magnesium Alloy Surfaces (2009)

Ionic liquids (ILs) based on trihexyltetradecylphosphonium coupled with either diphenylphosphate or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide have been shown to react with magnesium alloy surfaces, leading to the formation a surface film that can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The morphology and microstructure of the magnesium surface seems critical in determining the nature of the interphase, with grain boundary phases and intermetallics within the grain, rich in zirconium and zinc, showing almost no interaction with the IL and thereby resulting in a heterogeneous surface film. This has been explained, on the basis of solid-state NMR evidence, as being due to the extremely low reactivity of the native oxide films on the intermetallics (ZrO2 and ZnO) with the IL as compared with the magnesium-rich matrix where a magnesium hydroxide and/or carbonate inorganic surface is likely. Solid-state NMR characterization of the ZE41 alloy surface treated with the IL based on (Tf)2N(-) indicates that this anion reacts to form a metal fluoride rich surface in addition to an organic component. The diphenylphosphate anion also seems to undergo an additional chemical process on the metal surface, indicating that film formation on the metal is not a simple chemical interaction between the components of the IL and the substrate but may involve electrochemical processes.
Antibacterial activity of volatile oils from some indigenous plants. (1977)

<p>To date poor treatment options are available for patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT), a pediatric orphan disease. In this study we have performed an in silico clinical trial on 200 virtual subjects, generated from a previously established model of murine bone regeneration, to tackle the challenges associated with the small, pediatric patient population. Each virtual subject was simulated to receive no treatment and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment. We have shown that the degree of severity of CPT is significantly reduced with BMP treatment, although the effect is highly subject-specific. Using machine learning techniques we were also able to stratify the virtual subject population in adverse responders, non-responders, responders and asymptomatic. In summary, this study shows the potential of in silico medicine technologies as well as their implications for other orphan diseases.</p>
Signal Transduction Pathways of Taxanes-Induced Apoptosis (2003)

Docetaxel (Taxotere) is a member of the taxane class of anticancer agents to reach clinical use. This semisynthetic analog of paclitaxel (Taxol) is one of the newer potent anti-neoplastic agents now undergoing extensive laboratory and clinical investigations. Several studies indicate that antimicrotubule agents are potent promoters of apoptosis in cancer cells. Cytotoxic mechanisms of antimitotic taxoids are not yet fully understood, but it has been demonstrated that docetaxel increases tubulin polymerisation, promotes microtubule assembly and also inhibits tubulin depolymerisation. Disruption of microtubules results also in the induction of tumor suppressor gene p53 and inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and activation/inactivation of several protein kinases. As a consequence cells are arrested in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle, after which they may either undergo cell death by apoptosis or necrosis or overcome the G2-M stop and continue in the division cycle (often toward a post-mitotic cell death) depending on the tumor cell type. Nevertheless, how docetaxel induces apoptotic cell death or caspases activation is not yet defined. One may assume that taxanes are able to induce the phosphorylation of Bcl-X(L)/Bcl-2 members and thus inactivate their anti-apoptotic capacities. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 and/or the upregulation of p53 and p21/WAF-1 are certainly one of the important modes of apoptosis induction by taxanes. The aim of this framework is to summarize the effects of microtubuline targeting agents on apoptotic signal transduction and new molecular pathways. Finally, we will also discuss the potential therapeutic interest in the association of docetaxel and ionizing radiation.
Role of Surface Electric Charge in Red Blood Cell Interactions (1973)

The role of the surface charge of human red blood cells (RBC's) in affecting RBC aggregation by macromolecules was studied by comparing the behavior of normal RBC's with that of RBC's treated with neuraminidase, which removes the sialic acids from the cell membrane and reduces the zeta potential. RBC aggregation in dextrans with different molecular weights (Dx 20, Dx 40, and Dx 80) was quantified by microscopic observation, measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and determination of low-shear viscosity. Dx 20 did not cause aggregation of normal RBC's, but caused considerable aggregation of neuraminidase-treated RBC's. Neuraminidase-treated RBC's also showed stronger aggregation than normal RBC's in Dx 40 and 80. Together with the electron microscopic findings that the intercellular distance in the RBC rouleaux varies with the molecular size of dextrans used, the present study indicates that the surface charge of RBC's inhibits their aggregation by dextrans and that the electrostatic repulsive force between cell surfaces may operate over a distance of 20 nm.
Fitness for Purpose Issues Relating to FBE and Three Layer PE Coatings (2005)

Abstract This paper reviews the development, application and in-service performance of FBE and 3LPE coatings. The main factors affecting the fitness for purpose of a coating are the risk of failure and the modes of failure when the pipeline is in service. Coating failure modes are discussed with particular reference to whether the dominant failure mode will create problems of long term CP shielding and associated corrosion risks. Examples of failures in new 3LPE coatings are discussed. The paper concludes with an overview of representative coating application costs for FBE and 3LPE coatings and the impact of poor application practices on through life inspection costs and integrity management.
Automatic estimation of the corneal limbus in videokeratoscopy (2002)

An algorithm for estimating the corneal limbus from videokeratoscopic images is proposed. After the image is transformed to a polar grid, a novel edge-detection procedure, suitable for the detection of the soft edge produced by the limbus, is used to locate the limbus. Outliers due to the eyelids, eyelashes, and videokeratoscopic rings are removed by taking advantage of the approximate circularity of the cornea. An ellipse which minimizes the sum of the squared algebraic errors is fitted to the remaining edge points. Comparisons between the proposed algorithm, a manual computer-based technique and an algorithm which uses conventional edge-detection techniques demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
Studies of multibaseline spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radars (1990)

The authors have utilized a set of Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data that were obtained in nearly repeat ground-track orbits to demonstrate the performance of spaceborne interferometric SAR (INSAR) systems. An assessment of the topography measurement capability is presented. A phase measurement error model is described and compared with the data obtained at various baseline separations and signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, the implications of these results on future spaceborne INSAR design are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Routers for the Cloud: Can the Internet Achieve 5-Nines Availability? (2011)

Today's Internet often suffers transient outages, but as increasingly critical services migrate to the cloud, much higher levels of Internet availability will be necessary.
Consequences of<i>N</i>,<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>′- and<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Coordination Modes on Electronic and Photophysical Properties of Cyclometalated Aryl Ruthenium(II) Complexes (2009)

The effects of isoelectronic replacement of a neutral nitrogen donor atom by an anionic carbon atom in terpyridine ruthenium(II) complexes on the electronic and photophysical properties of the resulting N,C,N'- and C,N,N'-cyclometalated aryl ruthenium(II) complexes were investigated. To this end, a series of complexes was prepared either with ligands containing exclusively nitrogen donor atoms, that is, [Ru(R(1)-tpy)(R(2)-tpy)](2+) (R(1), R(2) = H, CO(2)Et), or bearing either one N,C,N'- or C,N,N'-cyclometalated ligand and one tpy ligand, that is, [Ru(R(1)-N(/\)C(/\)N)(R(2)-tpy)](+) and [Ru(R(1)-C(/\)N(/\)N)(R(2)-tpy)](+), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations showed that cyclometalation does not significantly alter the overall geometry of the complexes but does change the bond lengths around the ruthenium(II) center, especially the nitrogen-to-ruthenium bond length trans to the carbanion. Substitution of either of the ligands with electron-withdrawing ester functionalities fine-tuned the electronic properties and resulted in the presence of an IR probe. Using trends obtained from redox potentials, emission energies, IR spectroelectrochemical responses, and the character of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals from DFT studies, it is shown that the first reduction process and luminescence are associated with the ester-substituted C,N,N'-cyclometalated ligand in [Ru(EtO(2)C-C(/\)N(/\)N)(tpy)](+). Cyclometalation in an N,C,N'-bonding motif changed the energetic order of the ruthenium d(zx), d(yz), and d(xy) orbitals. The red-shifted absorption in the N,C,N'-cyclometalated complexes is assigned to MLCT transitions to the tpy ligand. The red shift observed upon introduction of the ester moiety is associated with an increase in intensity of low-energy transitions, rather than a red shift of the main transition. Cyclometalation in the C,N,N'-binding motif also red-shifts the absorption, but the corresponding transition is associated with both ligand types. Luminescence of the cyclometalated complexes is relatively independent of the mode of cyclometalation, obeying the energy gap law within each individual series.
Identification of a high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements in the centromeric regions of prostate cancer patients (2007)

The aim of the present investigation was to study the major chromosomal aberrations (CA) like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in prostate cancer patients of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 45 blood samples were collected from various hospitals in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Equal numbers of normal healthy subjects were chosen after signing a consent form. Volunteers provided blood samples (5 ml) to establish leukocyte cultures. Cytogenetic studies were performed by using Giemsa-banding technique and finally the results were ensured by spectral karyotyping (SKY) technique. In the present investigation, major CA like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic were identified in experimental subjects. Results showed frequent CA in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18 and X. In comparison with experimental subjects, the control subjects exhibited very low levels of major CA (P<0.05). In the present study, the high frequency of centromeric rearrangements indicates a potential role for mitotic irregularities associated with the centromere in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Identification of chromosome alterations may be helpful in understanding the molecular basis of the disease in better manner.
Optoelectronic tweezers integrated with lensfree holographic microscopy for wide-field interactive cell and particle manipulation on a chip (2013)

We demonstrate an optoelectronic tweezer (OET) coupled to a lensfree holographic microscope for real-time interactive manipulation of cells and micro-particles over a large field-of-view (FOV). This integrated platform can record the holographic images of cells and particles over the entire active area of a CCD sensor array, perform digital image reconstruction to identify target cells, dynamically track the positions of cells and particles, and project light beams to trigger light-induced dielectrophoretic forces to pattern and sort cells on a chip. OET technology has been previously shown to be capable of performing parallel single cell manipulation over a large area. However, its throughput has been bottlenecked by the number of cells that can be imaged within the limited FOV of a conventional microscope objective lens. Integrating lensfree holographic imaging with OET solves this fundamental FOV barrier, while also creating a compact on-chip cell/particle manipulation platform. Using this unique platform, we have successfully demonstrated real-time interactive manipulation of thousands of single cells and micro-particles over an ultra-large area of e.g., 240 mm(2) (i.e. 17.96 mm × 13.52 mm).
Recombination of Autographa californica and Rachiplusia ou Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses in Galleria mellonella L. (1988)

Summary Cotransfection of Rachiplusia ou nuclear polyhedrosis virus (RoMNPV) and BamHI or SmaI fragments from the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) yielded a high frequency of virus recombinants in Galleria mellonella larvae. When larvae were cotransfected either with the entire genome of AcMNPV and RoMNPV restriction fragments or with a mixture of the two viruses, only AcMNPV was produced. In the virus recombinants, the prevalence of certain regions from the genome of the donor virus (AcMNPV) varied considerably, e.g. from 0% in the 35 to 41 map unit region area to a high level in the 20 to 23 map unit region. The AcMNPV polyhedrin gene was shown to be inherited preferentially.
Comparison of pulsed and continuous tone thresholds in patients with tinnitus (1972)

A comparison of threshold variation among patients with sensorineural hearing loss and accompanying tinnitus in relation to plused and continuous tone threshold determination was reported. The results indicated that both types of signals obtained comparable threshold levels at all audiometric frequencies tested, and did not vary by more than 1.6 dB. The greatest variation in threshold occurred at those frequencies which corresponds to the reported tinnitus. The latter was observed for 5 patients and did not exceed 5 dB. All threshold variations were within the acceptable criterion of ±5 dB. The majority of patients reported high-pitched tinnitus, and most frequently matched their tinnitus to 3 000 Hz. Over two-thirds of both normal and tinnitus subjects preferred to listen to pulsed tones as opposed to continuous tones during threshold determination. The data obtained from this study did not confirm the assumption that significantly lower threshold are obtained with pulsed tones among patients with tinnit...
Level Set Method for Positron Emission Tomography (2007)

In positron emission tomography (PET), a radioactive compound is injected into the body to promote a tissue-dependent emission rate. Expectation maximization (EM) reconstruction algorithms are iterative techniques which estimate the concentration coefficients that provide the best fitted solution, for example, a maximum likelihood estimate. In this paper, we combine the EM algorithm with a level set approach. The level set method is used to capture the coarse scale information and the discontinuities of the concentration coefficients. An intrinsic advantage of the level set formulation is that anatomical information can be efficiently incorporated and used in an easy and natural way. We utilize a multiple level set formulation to represent the geometry of the objects in the scene. The proposed algorithm can be applied to any PET configuration, without major modifications.
Direct Binding of Three Tight Junction-Associated Maguks, Zo-1, Zo-2, and Zo-3, with the Cooh Termini of Claudins (1999)

ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, which contain three PDZ domains (PDZ1 to -3), are concentrated at tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cells. TJ strands are mainly composed of two distinct types of four-transmembrane proteins, occludin, and claudins, between which occludin was reported to directly bind to ZO-1/ZO-2/ZO-3. However, in occludin-deficient intestinal epithelial cells, ZO-1/ZO-2/ZO-3 were still recruited to TJs. We then examined the possible interactions between ZO-1/ZO-2/ZO-3 and claudins. ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 bound to the COOH-terminal YV sequence of claudin-1 to -8 through their PDZ1 domains in vitro. Then, claudin-1 or -2 was transfected into L fibroblasts, which express ZO-1 but not ZO-2 or ZO-3. Claudin-1 and -2 were concentrated at cell-cell borders in an elaborate network pattern, to which endogenous ZO-1 was recruited. When ZO-2 or ZO-3 were further transfected, both were recruited to the claudin-based networks together with endogenous ZO-1. Detailed analyses showed that ZO-2 and ZO-3 are recruited to the claudin-based networks through PDZ2 (ZO-2 or ZO-3)/PDZ2 (endogenous ZO-1) and PDZ1 (ZO-2 or ZO-3)/COOH-terminal YV (claudins) interactions. In good agreement, PDZ1 and PDZ2 domains of ZO-1/ZO-2/ZO-3 were also recruited to claudin-based TJs, when introduced into cultured epithelial cells. The possible molecular architecture of TJ plaque structures is discussed.
EMULSIFICATION, FOAMING AND PROTEIN SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES OF DEFATTED SOYBEAN, PEANUT, FIELD PEA AND PECAN FLOURS (1977)

ABSTRACT Defatted soybean, peanut, field pea and pecan flours were blended as 8% suspensions (w/v) with distilled water and characterized for emulsion and foam capacity, emulsion viscosity, protein solubility, and gel electrophoretic properties. Flour suspensions were evaluated for these properties at their natural pH, at pH 4.0, 8.2 and after a two‐step sequential adjustment from the natural pH to 4.0 to 8.2. Maximum functionality of suspensions was noted as follows: (a) soybean flour, very thick mayonnaise‐like emulsions (> 160,000 cps) and egg white‐type foams at natural pH; (b) peanut flour, semi‐thick mayonnaise‐like emulsions (70,880 cps) and thick egg white‐type foams after two‐step adjustment to pH 8.2; (c) field pea flour, semi‐thick mayonnaise‐like emulsions (66,240 cps) and medium‐thick foams after adjusting the pH directly to 8.2; and (d) pecan flour, very thick mayonnaise‐like emulsions (> 160,000 cps) after two‐step adjustment to pH 8.2. Protein solubility seems to be more closely associated with improved quality of emulsions and foams formed than with increased quantity of oil or air that could be bound by flour suspensions. Data from gel electrophoretic studies suggested that the major seed storage proteins were important in functionality tests, although other seed constituents, such as carbohydrates, may be equally involved.
On speaker-specific prosodic models for automatic dialog act segmentation of multi-party meetings (2006)

We explore speaker-specific prosodic modeling for dialog act segmentation of speech from the ICSI Meeting Corpus. We ask whether features beyond pauses help individual speakers, and whether some speakers benefit from prosody models trained on only their speech. We find positive results for both questions, although the second is more complex. Feature analysis reveals that duration is the most used feature type, followed by pause and pitch features. Results also suggest a difference between native and nonnative speakers in feature usage patterns. We conclude that features beyond pauses are useful for dialog act segmentation in natural conversation, and that for some speakers, speaker-specific training yields further gains. Index Terms: prosody, dialog act segmentation, meetings.
The <i>p</i>‐version of the finite element method for three‐dimensional curved thin walled structures (2001)

Abstract In this paper we present an implementation of a three‐dimensional p ‐version for structural problems of solids with almost arbitrarily curved surfaces. Applying the blending function method, complex structures can often be modelled by a few p ‐elements, being the basis for a higher order approximation. Numerical examples will demonstrate, that the p ‐version with anisotropic Ansatz spaces allows to predict the structural behaviour of three‐dimensional plates and shells with approximately the same amount of degrees of freedom as in the two‐dimensional case, yet significantly more accurate due to the three‐dimensional model. Furthermore, it is advantageous to compute complex structures exclusively with three‐dimensional discretizations as no special elements are needed to model the transition from dimensionally reduced formulations like plates or shells to fully three‐dimensional solid elements. Using the p ‐version with anisotropic Ansatz spaces the whole structure can be efficiently discretized with solid elements, even if the aspect ratio of the elements becomes very large. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Anaerobic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation by the acetogenic bacterium <i>Moorella thermoacetica</i> (2013)

Anaerobic bacteria such as Moorella thermoacetica have the capacity of fixing carbon dioxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen for the production of ethanol, acetic acid, and other useful chemicals. In this study, we evaluated the fixation of CO 2 for the production of acetic acid, as a product in its own right but also as precursor for lipid synthesis by oleaginous organisms. We achieved maximum cell optical density of 11.3, acetic acid titer of 31 g/L, and productivity of 0.55 g/L‐h at CO mass‐transfer rate of 83 mM/h. We also showed electron availability by CO mass transfer limited the process at CO mass transfer rates lower than 30 mM/h. Further enhancement of mass‐transfer rate removed such limitations in favor of biological kinetics as main limitation. This work underlines the potential of microbial processes for converting syngas to fuel and chemical products in processes suitable for distributed feedstock utilization. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 3176–3183, 2013
False-Positive Findings on Lumbar Discography (1999)

The findings of this study demonstrate that patients with no history of low back pain who had undergone posterior iliac bone graft harvesting for nonlumbar procedures often experienced a concordant painful sensation on lumbar discography with their usual gluteal area pain. Thus, the ability of a patient to separate spinal from nonspinal sources of pain on discography is questioned, and a response of concordant pain on discography may be less meaningful than often assumed.