gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-task Learning with Sample Re-weighting for Machine Reading Comprehension (2018)

We propose a multi-task learning framework to learn a joint Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) model that can be applied to a wide range of MRC tasks in different domains. Inspired by recent ideas of data selection in machine translation, we develop a novel sample re-weighting scheme to assign sample-specific weights to the loss. Empirical study shows that our approach can be applied to many existing MRC models. Combined with contextual representations from pre-trained language models (such as ELMo), we achieve new state-of-the-art results on a set of MRC benchmark datasets. We release our code at https://github.com/xycforgithub/MultiTask-MRC.
Tomatoes in the Garden (1990)

Tomatoes are the most popular home garden vegetable.Their fruit is tasty and can be used fresh from the garden or processed in many ways for later use.They are high in vitamins, especially C, and contain about 100 calories per pound. DESCRIPTIONTomatoes originated in the Andes mountains in South America so are definitely a warm season crop.If it were not for freezing weather, plants would be perennial.Plant growth patterns are classified into determinate or indeterminate.Determinate plants grow about 12 to 18 inches high and set fruits that ripen over a relatively short time.Indeterminate vines keep elongating and setting fruit all season.This type is suited for supporting by cages or stakes.
Design of Implanted RFID Tags for Passive Sensing of Human Body: The STENTag (2012)

Numerical processing of passive UHF-RFID tags' response may provide physical insight about the hosting object or about the nearby environment. This idea is here extended to implanted antennas with the purpose to sense the evolution of some human physiological and pathological process involving a local change of effective permittivity inside the body. The goal is to understand how master the design of this class of devices taking into account both communication and sensing capabilities. An ad hoc design methodology is here presented and discussed by means of a realistic medical case concerning the modification of an endo-vascular device to achieve a STENTag able to sense the state of the vessel wherein it has been implanted.
Studies on two new radiopaque polymeric biomaterials (1994)

Two new polymeric materials (polymers A and B) containing covalently bound iodine were prepared. These polymers were evaluated with respect to their possible use as radiopaque implant biomaterials--that is, materials that are visible in a noninvasive manner using routine X-ray absorption imaging techniques. Polymer A is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 1 (80 and 20 mol%, respectively). Polymer B was prepared from MMA, 1, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (mol ratio 65:20:15, respectively). Compound 1 was synthesized from 4-iodophenol and methacryloyl chloride. The resulting polymers were characterized with GPC, DSC, NMR, and by measuring both the advancing and receding contact angles. Thrombogenicity of the polymers was determined by an in vitro thrombin generation test procedure. The maximum concentration of free thrombin was 76 +/- 1 nM for polymer A, and 64 +/- 3 nM for polymer B. The lag times (i.e., time onset of thrombin generation) were 392 seconds for polymer A and 553 seconds for polymer B. For PVC-T, which is known as a passive material, a lag time of 583 seconds was found. This indicates that polymer B is comparable to PVC-T, and more passive than polymer A. Polymer A exhibited minor activation of platelets. Polymer B did not induce platelet activation at all. The polymers exhibited, even as fibers with a diameter of ca. 0.3 mm, good radiopacity with routine imaging X-ray techniques in the clinic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biosensor and Chemical Sensor Technology (1996)

Biomolecular recognition is being increasingly employed as the basis for a variety of analytical methods such as biosensors. The sensitivity, selectivity, and format versatility inherent in these methods may allow them to be adapted to solving a number of analytical problems. Although these methods are highly diverse with respect to their mechanisms of biomolecular recognition and mechanisms of signal transduction, they can be viewed together as providing analytical techniques for the identification and measurement of compounds critical to potential monitoring applications. This chapter will provide a brief introduction to recent advances in biomolecular sensing as applied to monitoring of bioprocesses and the environment.
The Selective Replacement of the Aromatic Primary Amino Group by Hydrogen in Aromatic--Aliphatic Diamines (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Selective Replacement of the Aromatic Primary Amino Group by Hydrogen in Aromatic--Aliphatic DiaminesNathan. Kornblum and Don C. IfflandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 2137–2143Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01174a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1373Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tilted LCD Pixel With Liquid Crystal GRIN Lens for Two-Dimensional/Three-Dimensional Switchable Display (2019)

In this paper, high images quality switchable two-dimensional (2-D)/3-D display is achieved by carefully matching the high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) pixel structure and liquid crystal graded index (GRIN) lens. A parallelogram LCD pixel structure is proposed, in which the edges of each sub-pixels are slanted. At the top of the LCD pixels, the liquid crystal GRIN lens is also tilted to reduce the moiré effect and the tilt angle is carefully aligned with the edges of subpixels of LCD. This accurate alignment is useful to eliminate the crosstalk and improves the imaging quality of 3-D display. The 2-D/3-D switchable display is realized by tuning the liquid crystal in the GRIN lens. Based on this, a 3-D display based on 32-inch 8K4K resolution LCD display and Liquid crystal GRIN lens was designed.
Multi-sample data-dependent fusion of sorted score sequences for biometric verification (2004)

In many biometric systems, the scores of multiple samples (e.g. utterances) are averaged and the average score is compared against a decision threshold for decision making. The average score, however, may not be optimal because the distribution of the scores is ignored. To address this limitation, we have recently proposed a fusion model that incorporates the score distribution by making the fusion weights dependent on the dispersion between the frame-based scores and the prior score statistics obtained from training data. As the fusion weights are data-dependent, the positions of scores in the score sequences become detrimental to the final fused scores. We propose to enhance the fusion model by sorting the score sequences before fusion takes place. The fusion model was evaluated on a speaker verification task where each claimant utters two utterances in a verification session. Results demonstrate that fusion of sorted scores has the effect of maximizing the dispersion between the client scores and the impostor scores, making the verification process more reliable. Compared with our previous work, where no sorting was applied, the new approach reduces the equal error rate by 11 %.
La pedagogía museística ante los retos de una sociedad en cambio. Fundamentos teórico-prácticos (2002)

Oxidation causes lipid rancidity, discoloration, and nutrient degradation that decrease shelf life of packaged foods. Synthetic additives are effective oxidation inhibitors, but are undesirable to consumers who prefer "clean" label products. The aim of this study was to improve oxidative stability of emulsified foods by a novel nonmigratory polyphenol coated active packaging. Polyphenol coatings were applied to chitosan functionalized polypropylene (PP) by laccase assisted polymerization of catechol and catechin. Polyphenol coated PP exhibited both metal chelating (39.3 ± 2.5 nmol Fe(3+) cm(-2), pH 4.0) and radical scavenging (up to 52.9 ± 1.8 nmol Trolox eq cm(-2)) capacity, resulting in dual antioxidant functionality to inhibit lipid oxidation and lycopene degradation in emulsions. Nonmigratory polyphenol coated PP inhibited ferric iron promoted degradation better than soluble chelators, potentially by partitioning iron from the emulsion droplet interface. This work demonstrates that polyphenol coatings can be designed for advanced material chemistry solutions in active food packaging.
3D model enhanced face recognition (2002)

A personal identification system based on the analysis of frontal or profile images of the face has applications in human-computer interfaces, access control, surveillance etc. Among many practical face recognition schemes, image based approaches are possibly the most promising ones. However, the 2D images/patterns of 3D face objects can change dramatically due to lighting and viewing variations. In this paper, we propose a generic 3D model to enhance existing face recognition systems. More specifically, we use a 3D model to synthesize the so-called prototype image from a given image acquired under different lighting and viewing conditions.
Variable-rate for the basic speech service in UMTS (2002)

A variable-rate approach for the user channel in a code division multiple access (CDMA)-based mobile system is proposed. The statistics of the different kinds of information to be transmitted, in the case of voice services, are discussed, together with the management of the variable-rate resulting channel. Possible alternatives are indicated, presenting the functions allocated to a variable-rate control unit. Some indications are given about contention problems, caused by simultaneous requests of high bit rates by both speech and signalling processes, thus exceeding the physical channel capacity.
THE ADDITION OF ORGANOMAGNESIUM HALIDES TO PSEUDOCODEINE TYPES. IV. NUCLEAR-SUBSTITUTED MORPHINE DERIVATIVES<sup>*</sup> (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ADDITION OF ORGANOMAGNESIUM HALIDES TO PSEUDOCODEINE TYPES. IV. NUCLEAR-SUBSTITUTED MORPHINE DERIVATIVES*LYNDON SMALL, S. GRAEME TURNBULL, and HOWARD M. FITCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1938, 03, 3, 204–232Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01220a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01220a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultraviolet semiconductor laser diodes on bulk AlN (2007)

Current-injection ultraviolet lasers are demonstrated on low-dislocation-density bulk AlN substrates. The AlGaInN heterostructures were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Requisite smooth surface morphologies were obtained by growing on near-c-plane AlN substrates, with a nominal off-axis orientation of less than 0.5°. Lasing was obtained from gain-guided laser diodes with uncoated facets and cavity lengths ranging from 200 to 1500 μm. Threshold current densities as low as 13 kA/cm2 were achieved for laser emission wavelengths as short as 368 nm, under pulsed operation. The maximum light output power was near 300 mW with a differential quantum efficiency of 6.7%. This (first) demonstration of nitride laser diodes on bulk AlN substrates suggests the feasibility of using such substrates to realize nitride laser diodes emitting from the near to deep ultraviolet spectral regions.
Spin Specific Electron Conduction through DNA Oligomers (2011)

Spin-based properties, applications, and devices are commonly related to magnetic effects and to magnetic materials. Most of the development in spintronics is currently based on inorganic materials. Despite the fact that the magnetoresistance effect has been observed in organic materials, until now spin selectivity of organic based spintronics devices originated from an inorganic ferromagnetic electrode and was not determined by the organic molecules themselves. Here we show that conduction through double-stranded DNA oligomers is spin selective, demonstrating a true organic spin filter. The selectivity exceeds that of any known system at room temperature. The spin dependent resistivity indicates that the effect cannot result solely from the atomic spin-orbit coupling and must relate to a special property resulting from the chirality symmetry. The results may reflect on the importance of spin in determining electron transfer rates through biological systems.
160-Gbit/s demultiplexing to base rates of 10 and 40 Gbit/s with a monolithically integrated SOA-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2002)

We report on 160-Gbit/s all-optical demultiplexing on the basis of a monolithically integrated SOA-Mach-Zehnder interferometer with error-free operation at a base data rate of 10 Gbit/s and a BER of 10-8at 40 Gbit/s.
Annotating smart environment sensor data for activity learning (2009)

The pervasive sensing technologies found in smart homes offer unprecedented opportunities for providing health monitoring and assistance to individuals experiencing difficulties living independently at home. In order to monitor the functional health of smart home residents, we need to design technologies that recognize and track the activities that people perform at home. Machine learning techniques can perform this task, but the software algorithms rely upon large amounts of sample data that is correctly labeled with the corresponding activity. Labeling, or annotating, sensor data with the corresponding activity can be time consuming, may require input from the smart home resident, and is often inaccurate. Therefore, in this paper we investigate four alternative mechanisms for annotating sensor data with a corresponding activity label. We evaluate the alternative methods along the dimensions of annotation time, resident burden, and accuracy using sensor data collected in a real smart apartment.
Sampling Variations Of Sequences For Structured Music Generation. (2017)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Detection and Analysis of Magnetic Fields Produced by Bioelectric Currents in Humans (1969)

Measurements of the ac and dc magnetic fields produced by natural internal ion currents in living systems are useful in principle because they can reduce or bypass the limitations of surface voltage measurements. The magnetic field from the normal human heart was first detected by two groups using gradient detectors and little or no shielding. The fields arose from the same ion currents seen on the ECG, and were ∼5×10−7 G at QRS maximum. Using a well shielded room and a detector consisting of a compact coil feeding a parametric amplifier, the following measurements have been made by the author: (1) mapping the heart's magnetic field around the torsos of one abnormal and six normal human subjects, verifying a previously proposed model; (2) mapping a coarse distribution of the magnetic field (∼10−9 G) around the human head produced by the same alpha-rhythm currents conventionally seen on the EEG; (3) exploring the dc field around the abdomen, which has a maximum of ∼10−6 G and is of undetermined origin. Further evaluation of data and experiments are necessary to see if the theoretical benefits of surface magnetic field measurements can be conveniently realized in practice.
Cbl-b Is a Critical Regulator of Macrophage Activation Associated With Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice (2013)

We previously reported the potential involvement of casitas B-cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) in aging-related murine insulin resistance. Because obesity also induces macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue, we elucidated here the role of Cbl-b in obesity-related insulin resistance. Cbl-b(+/+) and Cbl-b(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and then examined for obesity-related changes in insulin signaling. The HFD caused recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue and increased inflammatory reaction in Cbl-b(-/-) compared with Cbl-b(+/+) mice. Peritoneal macrophages from Cbl-b(-/-) mice and Cbl-b-overexpressing RAW264.7 macrophages were used to examine the direct effect of saturated fatty acids (FAs) on macrophage activation. In macrophages, Cbl-b suppressed saturated FA-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling by ubiquitination and degradation of TLR4. The physiological role of Cbl-b in vivo was also examined by bone marrow transplantation and Eritoran, a TLR4 antagonist. Hematopoietic cell-specific depletion of the Cbl-b gene induced disturbed responses on insulin and glucose tolerance tests. Blockade of TLR4 signaling by Eritoran reduced fasting blood glucose and serum interleukin-6 levels in obese Cbl-b(-/-) mice. These results suggest that Cbl-b deficiency could exaggerate HFD-induced insulin resistance through saturated FA-mediated macrophage activation. Therefore, inhibition of TLR4 signaling is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance.
Super-resolution imaging of aquaporin-4 orthogonal arrays of particles in cell membranes (2012)

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed in astrocytes, skeletal muscle and epithelial cells that forms supramolecular aggregates in plasma membranes called orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs). AQP4 is expressed as a short isoform (M23) that forms large OAPs, and a long isoform (M1) that does not form OAPs by itself but can mingle with M23 to form relatively small OAPs. AQP4 OAPs were imaged with ~20 nm spatial precision by photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) in cells expressing chimeras of M1- or M23-AQP4 with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. Native AQP4 was imaged by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) using a primary anti-AQP4 antibody and fluorescent secondary antibodies. We found that OAP area increased from 1878±747 to 3647±958 nm(2) with decreasing M1:M23 ratio from 1:1 to 1:3, and became elongated. Two-color dSTORM indicated that M1 and M23 co-assemble in OAPs with a M1-enriched periphery surrounding a M23-enriched core. Native AQP4 in astrocytes formed OAPs with an area of 2142±829 nm(2), which increased to 5137±1119 nm(2) with 2-bromopalmitate. PALM of AQP4 OAPs in live cells showed slow diffusion (average ~10(-12) cm(2)/s) and reorganization. OAP area was not altered by anti-AQP4 IgG autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) that cause the neurological disease neuromyelitis optica. Super-resolution imaging allowed elucidation of novel nanoscale structural and dynamic features of OAPs.
Degenerative Disease of the Central Nervous System in New Guinea (1957)

DURING the past two years' service as medical officer of the Kainantu Sub-District, Eastern Highlands of the Australian Trust Territory of New Guinea, one of us (V.Z.) has had the opportunity of observing in the inhabitants of the mountain-dissected highlands some 30 to 50 miles southeast of Kainantu (Fig. 1) an unusually high incidence of a syndrome similar to paralysis agitans affecting children and adults, predominantly females, in natives of the recently controlled Forei linguistic and cultural group and in their neighbors of the Keiagana, Kanite, Kimi, Usurufa and Auiyana linguistic groups. During the past three months an intensive clinicopathological . . .
The cognitive bases of human tool use (2012)

This article has two goals. The first is to assess, in the face of accruing reports on the ingenuity of great ape tool use, whether and in what sense human tool use still evidences unique, higher cognitive ability. To that effect, I offer a systematic comparison between humans and nonhuman primates with respect to nine cognitive capacities deemed crucial to tool use: enhanced hand-eye coordination, body schema plasticity, causal reasoning, function representation, executive control, social learning, teaching, social intelligence, and language. Since striking differences between humans and great apes stand firm in eight out of nine of these domains, I conclude that human tool use still marks a major cognitive discontinuity between us and our closest relatives. As a second goal of the paper, I address the evolution of human technologies. In particular, I show how the cognitive traits reviewed help to explain why technological accumulation evolved so markedly in humans, and so modestly in apes.
A Compact 209-nm Deep UV cw Light Source for Spectroscopy Using Frequency Doubling of a Diode Laser (2003)

We report on the development of a tunable continuous-wave coherent light source near 209 nm using frequency doubling of a GaN diode laser. The second harmonic wave of the 418-nm output of a GaN diode laser was generated in a single β-BaB2O4 (BBO) crystal placed in an enhancement cavity. The diode laser was optically stabilized to the enhancement cavity through feedback from a counterpropagating fundamental wave, which is weakly excited in the resonator. The output power of 9.1 µW at 209 nm has been obtained, and about 11 GHz continuous tuning without mode hopping has been achieved.
TRACE INTERPOLATION IN SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING * (1987)

A bstract Trace interpolation of spatially aliased seismic data is used to improve the quality of multi‐trace processing, especially that of migration. We consider non‐rectangular sampling lattices. After stating the real sampling requirements for (two‐dimensional or 3‐D) digitized signals, the paper explains geometrically the effect of migration and of the 2‐D dip filtering upon the aliased events, as well as our ability to interpolate traces from undersampled seismic data.