gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging of chemiluminescent signals with cooled CCD camera systems (1994)

Abstract We investigated imaging of chemiluminescent signals from 1,2‐dioxetanes with cooled CCD cameras. Non‐radioactive detection methods for biomolecules utilizing these chemiluminescent substrates for alkaline phosphatase have been developed. Applications which have been successfully adapted to this technology include Southern and Northern blotting, immunoblotting, ELISA methods and DNA sequencing. Dephosphorylation of the dioxetane CSPD by alkaline phosphatase generates an unstable anion that decomposes resulting in light production. The wavelength of the emitted light is approximately 460nm. We have utilized Photometrics Star and MXC 200L cooled CCD cameras for direct imaging of chemiluminescent signals. Benefits of utilizing a CCD detector include rapid data digitization and more accurate quantitation of chemiluminescent signals compred to film‐based densitometry owing to the significantly greater dynamic range. Chemiluminescent images from dot blots of biotinylated DNA, Southern blots and DNA sequencing gel blots were obtained. In a chemiluminescent microtitre plate assay, serial dilutions of alkaline phosphatase spanning four orders of magnitude can be detected. Our results indicate that the digitization of chemiluminescent signal data with cooled CCD cameras is an excellent alternative to 32 P detection methods utilizing storage phosphor screen imaging systems.
Hydrogen as an electron donor for dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by an anaerobic mixed culture (1992)

Hydrogen served as an electron donor in the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to vinyl chloride and ethene over periods of 14 to 40 days in anaerobic enrichment cultures; however, sustained dechlorination for more extended periods required the addition of filtered supernatant from a methanol-fed culture. This result suggests a nutritional dependency of hydrogen-utilizing dechlorinators on the metabolic products of other organisms in the more diverse, methanol-fed system. Vancomycin, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis in eubacteria, was found to inhibit acetogenesis when added at 100 mg/liter to both methanol-fed and hydrogen-fed cultures. The effect of vancomycin on dechlorination was more complex. Methanol could not sustain dechlorination when vancomycin inhibited acetogenesis, while hydrogen could. These results are consistent with a model in which hydrogen is the electron donor directly used for dechlorination by organisms resistant to vancomycin and with the hypothesis that the role of acetogens in methanol-fed cultures is to metabolize a portion of the methanol to hydrogen. Methanol and other substrates shown to support dechlorination in pure and mixed cultures may merely serve as precursors for the formation of an intermediate hydrogen pool. This hypothesis suggests that, for bioremediation of high levels of tetrachloroethene, electron donors that cause the production of a large hydrogen pool should be selected or methods that directly use H2 should be devised.
Biological Agents in Familial Mediterranean Fever Focusing on Colchicine Resistance and Amyloidosis (2015)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory syndrome. FMF is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene which encodes the pyrin protein. FMF is characterized by sporadic, paroxysmal attacks of fever and serosal inflammation, lasting 1-3 days. Patients may develop renal amyloidosis. Colchicine prevents attacks and renal amyloidosis.5% to 10% of the patients with FMF are resistant or intolerant to colchicine. Colchicine resistant patients may receive biological therapies. Anti-interleukin-1 drugs are the most important agents of biological treatments. In this review, colchicine resistance and treatment options will be evaluated.
Intermittent fasting and dietary supplementation with 2‐deoxy‐ <scp>D</scp> ‐glucose improve functional and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in rats (2003)

Hypertension and insulin resistance syndrome are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and it is therefore important to identify interventions that can reduce blood pressure and improve glucose metabolism. We performed experiments aimed at determining whether intermittent fasting (IF) can improve cardiovascular health and also tested the hypothesis that beneficial effects of IF can be mimicked by dietary supplementation with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) a non-metabolizable glucose analog. Four-month-old male rats were implanted with telemetry probes to allow continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, and body temperature. Rats were then maintained for 6 months on one of three different dietary regimens: ad libitum feeding, IF, or 2DG supplementation. Rats on the IF regimen consumed 30% less food over time and had reduced body weights compared with rats fed ad libitum, whereas rats on the 2DG regimen did not reduce their food intake and maintained their body weight. Heart rate and blood pressure were significantly decreased within 1 month in rats on IF and 2DG diets and were maintained at reduced levels thereafter. Body temperature was significantly decreased in group IF, but not in group 2DG. Levels of serum glucose and insulin were significantly decreased in rats maintained on IF and 2DG-supplemented diets, suggesting that IF and 2DG diets affect insulin sensitivity in a similar manner. Finally, rats in groups IF and 2DG exhibited increased levels of plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone, indicating that these diets induced a stress response. We conclude that reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and insulin levels, similar to or greater than those obtained with regular physical exercise programs, can be achieved by IF and by dietary supplementation with 2DG by a mechanism involving stress responses.
Phospholipids. 4. On the composition of hen's egg phospholipids (1957)

1. Free glutamic acid accumulates within Staphylococcu8 aurev, incubated in the presence of N-phosphoryl-L-glutamic acid or diethyl glutamate.
Systems integration using evolutionary algorithms (1996)

This paper describes an approach to the systems integration problem using multiobjective genetic algorithms. An architecture for evolutionary systems integration is presented and the component parts discussed. An example of an aircraft gas turbine engine control system design problem is shown demonstrating aspects of the proposed architecture that allow many design objectives from different disciplines to be considered in parallel. Potential closed-loop control configurations are evaluated and compared against one another within an optimization framework. As a result of this analysis, it is shown how informed decisions may be made regarding the nature of the control employed, acceptable performance margins and elements of the engine design.
Bidirectional 2.5-Gb/s WDM-PON Using FP-LDs Wavelength-Locked by a Multiple-Wavelength Seeding Source Based on a Mode-Locked Laser (2010)

We experimentally investigate the operation of a cost-effective wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Pérot laser diodes (FP-LDs). A single quantum-dash passively mode-locked laser (QD-MLL) is combined with an arrayed waveguide grating in WDM-PON architecture to provide a low-noise, coherent multiwavelength seeding source to injection-lock the FP-LDs for both downstream and upstream. The results show that the QD-MLL-injected FP-LD has the same performance when compared to the case of injection-locking by a low-noise external cavity laser. Error-free bidirectional transmission over 25 km for 16 channels with 42.7-GHz channel spacing is demonstrated at 2.5 Gb/s in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> -band and an optical budget higher than 30 dB is reached.
Candida Proteases and Their Inhibition Prospects for Antifungal Therapy (2001)

The rationale for inhibition of the secreted acid proteases (SAP) of Candida fungal species as a novel antifungal strategy is outlined. Enzyme structure-activity relationship data regarding the inhibitor A-70450 are described along with results from in vivo antifungal assays. Developments from protein X-ray crystallographic studies, SAP knock-out genetic studies, and the importance of these new results for drug discovery are reviewed. Finally, inhibition of the Candida SAP enzymes with HIV protease inhibitors and a proposed role in candidiasis of AIDS patients is discussed.
Learning Tree-based Deep Model for Recommender Systems (2018)

Model-based methods for recommender systems have been studied extensively in recent years. In systems with large corpus, however, the calculation cost for the learnt model to predict all user-item preferences is tremendous, which makes full corpus retrieval extremely difficult. To overcome the calculation barriers, models such as matrix factorization resort to inner product form (i.e., model user-item preference as the inner product of user, item latent factors) and indexes to facilitate efficient approximate k-nearest neighbor searches. However, it still remains challenging to incorporate more expressive interaction forms between user and item features, e.g., interactions through deep neural networks, because of the calculation cost. In this paper, we focus on the problem of introducing arbitrary advanced models to recommender systems with large corpus. We propose a novel tree-based method which can provide logarithmic complexity w.r.t. corpus size even with more expressive models such as deep neural networks. Our main idea is to predict user interests from coarse to fine by traversing tree nodes in a top-down fashion and making decisions for each user-node pair. We also show that the tree structure can be jointly learnt towards better compatibility with users' interest distribution and hence facilitate both training and prediction. Experimental evaluations with two large-scale real-world datasets show that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional methods. Online A/B test results in Taobao display advertising platform also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in production environments.
P3‐034: Neurotoxicity induced by pfos in pc12 cells (2015)

The contribution of environmental toxicants to the etiology and risk of chronic neurodegenerated disease has been clearly established. Some lines of evidence had shown that cholinergic degeneration is the common pathological features of neurodegenerated and in Alzheimer's disease. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants; however, knowledge is limited regarding its health risks and neurotoxicity. The present study investigated the intoxication induced by PFOS, toward cholinergic system. The cytoviability was detected by MTT assay, and the immunofluorescence, Dot-Blot, qRT-PCR were used to investigate the expression level of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR) at protein and mRNA levels in PC12 cells treated with PFOS. The results showed that PFOS exhibited neurotoxic effects, as inhibited the cells viability and decreased the protein and mRNA expression of α7nAChR in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrated that the adverse effects following exposure PFOS can induced nAChRs degenerated directly. The results presented in this study prove that the neurotoxicity of PFOS were associated with inhibiting the expression of α7nAChR.
BS5750 Quality Accreditation – What, Why, How? (1991)

Discusses the nature and purpose of BS5750 quality accreditation and registration procedures, including a definition of quality as “fitness for purpose and safe in use”. Examines the parts of BS5750 and the contents of the Quality Manual which an organization needs to be eligible for registration. Surmises that the costs of BS5750 registration are only a small part of the production of a Quality Manual, and that accreditation is a useful starting point for TQM.
Multitensor approach for analysis and tracking of complex fiber configurations (2005)

A multidiffusion-tensor model (MDT) is presented containing two anisotropic and one isotropic diffusion tensors. This approach has the ability to detect areas of fiber crossings and resolve the direction of crossing fibers. The mean diffusivity and the ratio of the tensor compartments were merged to one independent parameter by fitting MDT to the diffusion-weighted intensities of a two-point data acquisition scheme. By an F-test between the errors of the standard single diffusion tensor and the more complex MDT, fiber crossings were detected and the more accurate model was chosen voxel by voxel. The performance of crossing detection was compared with the spherical harmonics approach in simulations as well as in vivo. Similar results were found in both methods. The MDT model, however, did not only detect crossings but also yielded the single fiber directions. The FACT algorithm and a probabilistic connectivity algorithm were extended to support the MDT model. For example, a mean angular error smaller than 10 degrees was found for the MDT model in a simulated fiber crossing with an SNR of 80. By tracking the corticospinal tract the MDT-based tracks reached a significantly greater area of the gyrus precentralis.
High efficiency 0.5 W/A at 85°C strained multiquantumwell lasers entirely grown by MOVPE on <i>p</i> -InP substrate (1998)

An efficiency of 0.5 W/A, the highest ever reported for conventional quaternary InGaAsP materials, and a high maximum output power of 40 mW at 85°C were realised for 1.3 µm strained multiquantum well (MQW) lasers entirely grown by MOVPE on a p-InP substrate.
Enamelled wires solderable at 350°C with temperature index 155 (1975)

By incorporating esterimide groupings in a reaction component of polyurethane wire, we have succeeded in producing a wire with temperature index ISS, which is produced at the same speeds as conventional PUR wires but exhibits a higher thermoplasticity limit and overload capability while retaining the same soldering properties. Thus it is possible to use the wire for traditional applications for PUR wires, but with high loadings, as well as for windings exposed to more severe mechanical stressing, such as contactor coils and rotors.
Block level query scrambling algorithm within distributed multi-database environment (2002)

Remote data access from disparate sources across a wide area network such as the Internet is problematic due to the unpredictable nature of the communications source and the potential delays at the remote site. Current query plan scrambling techniques require all blocks from a relation be present to perform join operations based on an execution plan. Delays arising from the remote site can result in total abandoning of a plan and starting a new execution plan. In this paper we present an algorithm that uses block level query scrambling techniques to performs real time query scrambling on relations with remote site delays. The algorithm starts scrambling as soon as there are a few blocks available from the remote sites and continues scrambling as more blocks arrive. The algorithm utilises the changing of the query execution plan at the sub-tree level. We present an example that demonstrates the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Oxidative stress markers in hepatitis C infected hemodialysis patients. (2003)

HCV infection may aggravate oxidative stress in HD patients.
A protein complex in the brush‐border membrane explains a Hartnup disorder allele (2008)

Protein absorption in the intestine is mediated by proteases and brush-border peptidases together with peptide and amino acid transporters. Neutral amino acids are generated by a variety of aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases and are subsequently taken up by the amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), which is mutated in Hartnup disorder. Coexpression of B(0)AT1 together with the brush-border carboxypeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Xenopus laevis oocytes led to a dramatic increase of transporter expression at the oocyte surface. Other members of the SLC6 family were not stimulated by coexpression with ACE2. Addition of a peptide containing a carboxyterminal leucine residue to ACE2- and B(0)AT1-coexpressing oocytes caused inward currents due to Na(+)-leucine cotransport, demonstrating the formation of a metabolic complex. Coexpression of the Hartnup disorder causing mutation B(0)AT1(R240Q) showed reduced interaction with ACE2 and its renal paralogue collectrin. This would result in reduced surface expression in both kidney and intestine, thereby explaining the onset of the disorder in individuals carrying this mutation.
Hypercapnic Exposure in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Reveals CNS Respiratory Control Mechanisms (2004)

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients show impaired ventilatory responses and loss of breathlessness to hypercapnia, yet arouse from sleep to high CO2, suggesting intact chemoreceptor afferents. The syndrome provides a means to differentiate brain areas controlling aspects of breathing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine brain structures responding to inspired 5% CO2-95% O2 in 14 CCHS patients and 14 controls. Global signal changes induced by the challenge were removed on a voxel-by-voxel basis. A priori-defined volume-of-interest time trends (assessed with repeated measures ANOVA) and cluster analysis based on modeling each subject to a step function (individual model parameter estimates evaluated with t-test, corrected for multiple comparisons) revealed three large response clusters to hypercapnia distinguishing the two groups, extending from the 1) posterior thalamus through the medial midbrain to the dorsolateral pons, 2) right caudate nucleus, ventrolaterally through the putamen and ventral insula to the mid-hippocampus, and 3) deep cerebellar nuclei to the dorsolateral cerebellar cortex bilaterally. Smaller clusters and defined areas of group signal differences in the midline dorsal medulla, amygdala bilaterally, right dorsal-posterior temporal cortex, and left anterior insula also emerged. In most sites, early transient or sustained responses developed in controls, with little, or inverse change in CCHS subjects. Limbic and medullary structures regulating responses to hypercapnia differed from those previously shown to mediate loaded breathing ventilatory response processing. The findings show the significant roles of cerebellar and basal ganglia sites in responding to hypercapnia and the thalamic and midbrain participation in breathing control.
Towards a Framework for Differential Unit Testing of Object-Oriented Programs (2007)

Software developers often face the task of determining how the behaviors of one version of a program unit differ from (or are the same as) the behaviors of a (slightly) different version of the same program unit. In such situations, developers would like to generate tests that exhibit the behavioral differences between the two versions, if any differences exist. We call this type of testing differential unit testing. Some examples of differential unit testing include regression testing, N-version testing, and mutation testing. We propose a framework, called Diffut, that enables differential unit testing of object-oriented programs. Diffut enables "simultaneous" execution of the pairs of corresponding methods from the two versions: methods can receive the same inputs (consisting of the object graph reachable from the receiver and method arguments), and Diffut compares their outputs (consisting of the object graph reachable from the receiver and method return values). Given two versions of a Java class, Diffut automatically synthesizes annotations (in the form of preconditions and postconditions) in the Java Modeling Language (JML) and inserts them into the unit under test to allow the simultaneous execution of the corresponding methods.
A review of parenteral sustained-release naltrexone systems. (1981)

The ideal naltrexone sustained-release delivery system should be easy to inject or implant, not cause adverse tissue reaction, release the drug at a relatively constant rate for at least 30 days, and biodegrade within a short time afterwards. Mechanisms which can be used for sustaining drug release include reducing solubility and surface area, coating, encapsulation and microencapsulation, complexation, binding and hydrophilic gelation. Drug release from such systems is controlled by diffusion through a barrier/film, diffusion from a monolithic device, erosion of the surface, hydrolysis, ion exchange, biodegradation, or a combination of these. Injectable systems would seem to be ultimately preferred because of the ease of administration and handling, while the implantable devices may find first use in man since they are easily removable, should that be necessary. Maintaining particulate-free products and sterilization methods are two problems with all parenteral dosage forms. Production must be particularly well controlled and validated.
A secure cooperative transmission model in VANET using attribute based encryption (2016)

Cooperative transmission in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) seems to be an efficient solution when no direct transmission between the source and the destination is possible. However, secure reception of the message at the destination through not necessarily honest relays remains a crucial problem to solve in VANET. In this paper, we propose a trust cooperative transmission protocol for multiple-hops broadcast in VANET which selects among all relays only the best ones minimizing a function of finite number of metrics. Our proposed protocol uses cryptography to ensure a confidential communication between the source and the destination. As the vehicle broadcast the safety message thus, the primitive of cryptography which can be used is Ciphertext-policy attribute based encryption (CP-ABE), because this primitive provides an encrypted access control mechanism for broadcasting messages.
Development of a Scalable Synthesis to VEGFR Inhibitor AG-28262 (2006)

The synthesis of N,2-dimethyl-6-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-yloxy)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (1, AG-28262) on kilogram scale is described. Initial syntheses of key components 2 and 3 worked well on laboratory scale but had significant drawbacks for larger-scale manufacture. Therefore, new routes to these two key fragments were developed and demonstrated to synthesize kilogram quantities. Key steps involve a two-step thiophenol alkylation/cyclization protocol to synthesize 2 in a convergent manner. A difficult Pd-mediated coupling to produce 3 was replaced with a more scalable stepwise imidazole synthesis. Key rationale for the new routes are discussed.
Modeling the pump-down of a reversibly adsorbed phase. I. Monolayer and submonolayer initial coverage (1995)

An analysis is presented of the pressure versus time characteristics during the pump-down of a vacuum system with a reversibly adsorbed phase, e.g., water at room temperature, using the conservation of mass equation, where the quantity adsorbed is derived from a suitable adsorption isotherm. This quasistatic approach is suitable for cases of reversible adsorption and takes readsorption into account. Equations for the pressure versus time characteristics are derived for several isotherms, Henry’s law, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Temkin isotherm, and an extended form of the Temkin isotherm. The p(t) characteristics resulting from these different isotherms are compared and their usefulness considered. For monolayer adsorption the extended Temkin isotherm gives p=kt−γ (where γ is about 1) in good agreement with recent experimental data on the pump-down of water sorbed on stainless steel when reasonable values of the parameters are assumed. For initial coverage less than a monolayer the extended Temkin isotherm shows that γ tends to decrease as the initial coverage is reduced. It is shown that outgassing rates, measured by pumping a system through an orifice of known conductance, may be considerably lower than the true outgassing rate if the sticking probability is not very small, an estimate of this effect is made in terms of the sticking probability.