gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Camel-Like Antibodies in Plants (2012)

Transgenic plants for the production of high-value recombinant complex and/or glycosylated proteins are a promising alternative for conventional systems, such as mammalian cells and bacteria. Many groups use plants as production platform for antibodies and antibody fragments. Here, we describe how bivalent camel-like antibodies can be produced in leaves and seeds. Camel-like antibodies are fusions of the antigen-binding domain of heavy chain camel antibodies (VHH) with an Fc fragment of choice. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves allows the production of VHH-Fc antibodies within a few days after the expression plasmid has been obtained. Generation of stable Arabidopsis thaliana transformants allows production of scalable amounts of VHH-Fc antibodies in seeds within a year. Further, we describe how the in planta-produced VHH-Fc antibodies can be quantified by Western blot analysis with Fc-specific antibodies.
Multifunctionalized polyethyleneimine-based nanocarriers for gene and chemotherapeutic drug combination therapy through one-step assembly strategy (2017)

Gene therapy combined with chemotherapy to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects has been a hot topic in recent years. In this project, the human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-encoding plasmid gene (<i>TRAIL</i>) and doxorubicin (Dox)-coloaded multi-functional nanocarrier was constructed based on the theory of circulation, accumulation, internalization, and release. Briefly, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as skeleton material to synthesize PEI-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-TAT (PPT). Dox was conjugated to PEI using C6-succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate acetone hydrazone (C6-SANH), and a pH-sensitive Dox-PEI (DP) conjugate was obtained. Then, intracellular cationic pH-sensitive cellular assistant PPT and DP were mixed to condense <i>TRAIL</i>, and <i>TRAIL</i>-Dox coloaded PPT/DP/<i>TRAIL</i> (PDT) nanocarriers were obtained by one-step assembly. <i>TRAIL</i> was completely condensed by DP or PPT when mass ratios (DP/PPT to <i>TRAIL</i>) were up to 100:64, which indicated that DP and PPT could be mixed at any ratio for <i>TRAIL</i> condensation. The intracellular uptake rate of PDT was enhanced (<i>P</i><0.05) when the contents of PPT in PPT+DP increased from 0 to 30%. Free Dox and <i>TRAIL</i>-loaded nanocarriers (PPT/C6-SANH-PEI/<i>TRAIL</i> [PCT]) were selected as controls to verify the synergistic antitumor effects of PDT. Compared with free <i>TRAIL</i>, TRAIL-protein expression was upregulated by PDT and PCT on Western blotting assays. The in vitro cytotoxicity of PDT was significantly enhanced compared to free Dox and PCT (<i>P</i><0.01). Furthermore, murine PDT nanocarriers showed higher in vivo antitumor ability than both the Dox group (<i>P</i><0.05) and the murine PCT group (<i>P</i><0.05). These results indicated that the <i>TRAIL</i> + Dox synergistic antitumor effect could be achieved by PDT, which paves the way to gene-drug combination therapy for cancer.
Scene-motion thresholds during head yaw for immersive virtual environments (2020)

In order to better understand how scene motion is perceived in immersive virtual environments, we measured scene-motion thresholds under different conditions across three experiments. Thresholds were measured during quasi-sinusoidal head yaw, single left-to-right or right-to-left head yaw, different phases of head yaw, slow to fast head yaw, scene motion relative to head yaw, and two scene illumination levels. We found that across various conditions 1) thresholds are greater when the scene moves with head yaw (corresponding to gain < 1:0) than when the scene moves against head yaw (corresponding to gain > 1:0), and 2) thresholds increase as head motion increases.
Analysis of a mutator activity necessary for germline transposition and excision of Tc1 transposable elements in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1988)

The Tc1 transposable element family of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans consists primarily of 1.6-kb size elements. This uniformity of size is in contrast to P in Drosophila and Ac/Ds in maize. Germline transposition and excision of Tc1 are detectable in the Bergerac (BO) strain, but not in the commonly used Bristol (N2) strain. A previous study suggested that multiple genetic components are responsible for the germline Tc1 activity of the BO strain. To analyze further this mutator activity, we derived hybrid strains between the BO strain and the N2 strain. One of the hybrid strains exhibits a single locus of mutator activity, designated mut-4, which maps to LGI. Two additional mutators, mut-5 II and mut-6 IV, arose spontaneously in mut-4 harboring strains. This spontaneous appearance of mutator activity at new sites suggests that the mutator itself transposes. The single mutator-harboring strains with low Tc1 copy number generated in this study should be useful in investigations of the molecular basis of mutator activity. As a first step toward this goal, we examined the Tc1 elements in these low copy number strains for elements consistently co-segregating with mutator activity. Three possible candidates were identified: none was larger than 1.6 kb.
Thermoelectricity from wasted heat of integrated circuits (2012)

We demonstrate that waste heat from integrated circuits especially computer microprocessors can be recycled as valuable electricity to power up a portion of the circuitry or other important accessories such as on-chip cooling modules, etc. This gives a positive spin to a negative effect of ever increasing heat dissipation associated with increased power consumption aligned with shrinking down trend of transistor dimension. This concept can also be used as an important vehicle for self-powered systems-on-chip. We provide theoretical analysis supported by simulation data followed by experimental verification of on-chip thermoelectricity generation from dissipated (otherwise wasted) heat of a microprocessor.
Photocuring of a thiol‐ene system based on an unsaturated polyester (2004)

Abstract To produce a photocurable thiol‐ene system, unsaturated polyester was prepared from the condensation reaction of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and fumaric acid. Diallyl groups were introduced into the ends of the unsaturated polyester by a sequential condensation reaction. The coating formulation studied contained an equimolar ratio of thiol and vinyl groups of the prepared unsaturated polyester, including 1 wt % Irgacure 184. The curing behaviors of the unsaturated polyester with multifunctional thiols were investigated using real‐time FTIR spectroscopy. The rates of disappearance of thiol and vinyl groups of the unsaturated polyester were similar, demonstrating that there was little free‐radical homopolymerization of the internal fumaric group or the end‐capped vinyl ether group during the photocuring process and that the thiol‐ene reaction is the dominant process. The kinetics of the model compounds demonstrated that the reaction of the terminal allyl double bond with the thiyl radical is faster than that of the internal fumaric double bond in the UV curing of the unsaturated polyester. The storage stability of the thiol‐ene system based on unsaturated polyester was effectively increased by the addition of N ‐PAL. The Raman spectra revealed that the presence of a multifunctional thiol (penta 3‐MP4) in the coating formulation increased the degree of surface curing due to the chain‐transfer ability of the thiyl radical. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 342–350, 2005
4-aminopyridine restores visual ocular motor function in upbeat nystagmus (2005)

The effect of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on spontaneous upbeat nystagmus (UBN) was investigated with the search coil technique during fixation in different gaze positions and smooth pursuit in a patient before and after ingestion of 10 mg 4-AP. UBN was reduced from 8.6 deg/s to 2.0 deg/s by 4-AP causing subjective relief from distressing oscillopsia, and impaired upward smooth pursuit was restored (gains: before medication 0.38; after medication 0.86). In the dark, UBN was slightly stronger and not affected by 4-AP. We propose that 4-AP improved the function of cerebellar pathways that mediate gaze holding and smooth pursuit by intensifying the excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Activation of Retinoid X Receptors by Phytanic Acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer (2005)

Abstract : In this study we investigated the effects of two dietary RXR agonists, phytanic acid, and docohexaenoic acid (DHA), on the cell growth and retinoid metabolism of cultured normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) and human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP. Both phytanic acid and DHA inhibited the growth of PC-3 and LNCaP cells and decreased cyclin D1 expression in PC-3 cells. Phytanic acid or DHA altered the metabolism of retinol and generated a novel retinyl ester peak. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated the novel retinyl ester peak generated by phytanic acid or DHA was retinyl phytanate or retinyl docosahexaenate, respectively. Real time RT-PCR results showed that both phytanic acid and DHA did not dramatically change LRAT expression level in both cell lines. In addition, LRAT participates in the generation of retinyl phytanate, while the generation of retinyl docosahexaenate by DHA is possibly through another different mechanism other than lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT). These results suggest that both phytantic acid and DHA, natural dietary RXR ligands, may be useful agents for future dietary preventive and therapeutic approaches to human prostate cancer.
Limit-Cycle Oscillations Based Auto-Tuning System for Digitally Controlled DC–DC Power Supplies (2007)

This paper introduces a new method and system for parameter extraction and automated controller adjustment, suitable for low power digitally controlled DC-DC switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). The system allows closed-loop calibration throughout regular converter operation. During a short-lasting test phase, SMPS parameters, such as output capacitance and load, are estimated by examining the amplitude and frequency of intentionally introduced limit cycle oscillations in duty ratio control variable as well as from its steady state value. Accordingly, a digital compensator is automatically constructed to provide fast dynamic response and good output voltage regulation. In addition, the load estimation data are used for improving efficiency of a converter having segmented transistors. It is performed through a selection of driving sequence resulting in minimized sum of switching and conduction losses. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated on an experimental 400 kHz, 9 V-to-3.3 V, 10 W, digitally controlled synchronous buck converter.
Using the high order Nyquist zones in the design of efficient multi-channel digital upconverters (2002)

This paper presents an architecture for an all digital modulator and upconverter which uses aliasing for coarse frequency positioning. This allows a very efficient, flexible all digital architecture which is capable of supporting an entire groupband of signals while its design primarily uses low speed components.
Demultiplexing 2.48-Gb/s optical signals with a CMOS receiver array based on clocked-sense-amplifiers (1997)

A repeater array consisting of clocked-sense-amplifier-based optical receivers driving receivers driving 850-nm optical modulators is used to demultiplex a 2.48-Gb/s optical signal into eight 311-Mb/s optical data streams. The synchronous detection provided by the clocked receivers allows 2.48-Gb/s signals to be demultiplexed despite a repeater bandwidth of roughly 350 MHz. The repeater array contains 16 elements, is fully functional, and is realized in a hybrid MQW/CMOS smart pixel optoelectronic VLSI technology. The CMOS circuits are made in a 0.35-μm linewidth process. Total power dissipation for the entire array is 11.5 mW, and 120-fJ optical input signals are used.
Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (2017)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
A Layered Multi-Agent Model for Multi-Configuration Platoon Control (2013)

Nowadays, urban environments suffer from recurrent traffic jam with associated side effects. Platoon system, a set of vehicle attach by virtual link, is one of answer. in order to cope with issues such as different platoon geometrics since several years, we’re seeing the multi-agent system as element of response to many problems. This paper to apply this concept for platoon vehicles system through an multi-agent model based on key layers. Thanks this solution, implemented as an agent which makes decisions depending only on its own perception where each vehicles is recorded, analysed, transform in car command and adapted to vehicle by a command filter.
Improved Circuit For Hot-Film Anemometer (1993)

Circuit suitable for automation or computer control of setup and operation. Hot-film or hot-wire anemometer circuit features individual current drives for two arms of wheatstone bridge, plus other features that provide improved calibration and automated or computer-controlled operation.
Energy and temperature dependence of relaxation time and Wiedemann-Franz law on PbTe (2010)

Recent revival of interest in high-temperature $(T)$ thermoelectrics has made it necessary to understand in detail the $T$ dependence of different transport coefficients, and different processes contributing to this temperature dependence. Since PbTe is a well-studied prototypical high-temperature thermoelectric, we have carried out theoretical studies to analyze how different physical sources contribute to electronic transport coefficients in this system over a wide $T$ and concentration $(n)$ range; $300\text{ }\text{K}<T<900\text{ }\text{K}$ and $1<n/{n}_{o}<10$, where ${n}_{o}={10}^{19}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, extending earlier works on this problem. We have used Boltzmann equation within energy-dependent relaxation time approximations. Although the $T$ dependence of the electrical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ comes from several sources (band structure parameters, chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$, relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$), we find that the $T$ dependence of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ dominates. We fit the $T$ and the energy $(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$ dependence of the total relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{tot}$ by a simple function $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}a{T}^{\ensuremath{-}p}/(b+c{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{r})$, where $a$, $b$, $c$, $p$, and $r$ are $T$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ independent parameters but depend on $n$. Using this function, we find that for concentration range of interest, changing $r$ which governs the energy dependence of scattering does not appreciably affect the $T$ dependence of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Electronic thermal conductivities both at constant current $J$ and constant electric field $E$ were calculated using this $\ensuremath{\tau}$ to reexamine the validity of Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law in PbTe, extending the earlier work of Bhandari and Rowe to higher temperatures. We find that using standard WF law to obtain the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity $({\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{el})$ usually overestimates this contribution by more than $0.5\text{ }{\text{WK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Therefore the value of the lattice thermal conductivity obtained by subtracting this ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{el}$ from the total thermal conductivity is underestimated roughly by the same amount.
Investigation of the Transient Oil Consumption of Engine by the Newly Developed Oil Consumption Meter (1986)

A new method of continuous measurement of engine oil consumption using sulfur as the tracer has been developed. The modified non-dispersive-infrared (NDIR) analyzer with the SO/sub 2/ absorbent and a permeable plastic type dryer enable to measure very low concentration of SO/sub 2/ in the exhaust gas. By the use of this method, the engine oil consumption under the transient engine operating condition has been analyzed. The experimental result show that the measured value of the transient oil consumption is larger than the estimated value by the quasi-steady method using the experimental data of steady-state operations. The difference between these value is explained by the simple model developed here. This model also show that the total oil consumption under the transient engine operating condition depends mainly on the amount of oil drawn into the combustion chamber by the high vacuum during engine-brake conditions.
Abstract: Truncated Piurigaussian Method: A Case Study. (1998)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
First-principles study of metal–graphene interfaces (2010)

Metal-graphene contact is a key interface in graphene-based device applications, and it is known that two types of interfaces are formed between metal and graphene. In this paper, we apply first-principles calculations to twelve metal-graphene interfaces and investigate the detailed interface atomic and electronic structures of physisorption and chemisorption interfaces. For physisorption interfaces (Ag, Al, Cu, Cd, Ir, Pt, and Au), Fermi level pinning and Pauli-exclusion-induced energy-level shifts are shown to be two primary factors determining graphene’s doping types and densities. For chemisorption interfaces (Ni, Co, Ru, Pd, and Ti), the combination of Pauli-exclusion-induced energy-level shifts and hybridized states’ repulsive interactions lead to a band gap opening with metallic gap states. For practical applications, we show that external electric field can be used to modulate graphene’s energy-levels and the corresponding control of doping or energy range of hybridization.
Vollständige Maskierung der –Gly-Bindungen mit dem stark lipophilen und chromophoren Ferrocenylmethyl[Fem]-Rest bei Peptidsynthesen von Hexaglycin und Leu-Enkephalin / Total Masking –Gly Bonds by Highly Lipophilic and Chromophoric Ferrocenylmethyl [Fem] Residue in Peptide Syntheses of Hexaglycine and Leu-Enkephalin (1991)

Highly lipophilic and chromophoric ferrocenylmethyl [Fem] residue is applied to syntheses of peptides hexaglycine and Leu-enkephalin, masking therein all –Gly bonds. Thereby Fem groups influence properties of Fem-peptide derivatives advantageously both in chemosyntheses and cleaning operations, leading to constantly high yields et each step. Despite of its volumous dimension the Fem residue can be introduced into each peptide bond of oligoglycine by succeeding one another of building blocks of H–Fem–Gly–OMe. Strong alkaline conditions during the hydrolyses of methyl esters occurring several times in peptide derivatives do not influence the Gly–Gly-bond at all. Total protected derivatives BOC–(Fem–Gly–) 6 OMe and BOC–Tyr(tBu)–(Fem–Gly–) 2 Phe–Leu–OtBu even are soluble in hexane/ethylacetate (1:1).
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloprotease-13 That Reduces Cartilage Damage in Vivo without Joint Fibroplasia Side Effects (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) is a Zn(2+)-dependent protease that catalyzes the cleavage of type II collagen, the main structural protein in articular cartilage. Excess MMP13 activity causes cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis, making this protease an attractive therapeutic target. However, clinically tested MMP inhibitors have been associated with a painful, joint-stiffening musculoskeletal side effect that may be due to their lack of selectivity. In our efforts to develop a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug, we have discovered MMP13 inhibitors that differ greatly from previous MMP inhibitors; they do not bind to the catalytic zinc ion, they are noncompetitive with respect to substrate binding, and they show extreme selectivity for inhibiting MMP13. By structure-based drug design, we generated an orally active MMP13 inhibitor that effectively reduces cartilage damage in vivo and does not induce joint fibroplasias in a rat model of musculoskeletal syndrome side effects. Thus, highly selective inhibition of MMP13 in patients may overcome the major safety and efficacy challenges that have limited previously tested non-selective MMP inhibitors. MMP13 inhibitors such as the ones described here will help further define the role of this protease in arthritis and other diseases and may soon lead to drugs that safely halt cartilage damage in patients.
Spectroscopic methods in photosynthesis: photosystem stoichiometry and chlorophyll antenna size (1989)

Abstract Light-induced absorbance change and fluorescence measurements were employed in the quantitation of photosystem stoichiometry and in the measurement of the chlorophyll (Chl) antenna size in thylakoid membranes. Results with thylakoid membranes from diverse photosynthetic tissues indicated a PSII/PSI reaction-centre stoichiometry that deviates from unity. Cyanobacteria and red algae have a PSII/PSI ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7. Chloroplasts from spinach and other vascular-plant species grown under direct sunlight have PSII/PSI = 1.8±0.3. Chlorophyll b-deficient and Chi b-lacking mutants have PSII/PSI &gt; 2. The observation that PSII/PSI ratios are not unity and show a large variation among different photosynthetic membranes appears to be contrary to the conventional assumption derived from the Z-scheme. However, the photosystem stoichiometry is not the only factor that needs to be taken into account to explain the coordination of the two photosystems in the process of linear electron transport. The light-harvesting capacity of each photosystem must also be considered. In cyanobacterial thylakoids (from Synechococcus 6301, PSII/PSI = 0.5±0.2), the phycobilisome-PSII complexes collectively harvest as much light as the PSI complexes. In vascular plant chloroplasts, the light-harvesting capacity of a PSI I complex (250 molecules, Chi a/Chi b = 1.7) is lower than that of a PSI complex (230 Chl, Chl a/Chl b = 8.0) because Chi b has a lower extinction coefficient than Chi a. A differential attenuation of light intensity through the grana further reduces the light absorbed by PSII. Hence, a PSII/PSI ratio greater than one in vascular-plant chloroplasts compensates for the lower absorption of light by individual PSII complexes and ensures that, on average, PSII will harvest about as much light as PSI. In conclusion, distinct light-harvesting strategies among diverse plant species complement widely different photosystem stoichiometries to ensure a balanced absorption of light and a balanced electron flow between the two photoreactions, thereby satisfying the requirement set forth upon the formulation of the Z-scheme by Hill & Bendall (Nature, Lond. 186, 136-137 (1960)) and by Duysens, Amesz & Kamp (Nature, Lond. 190, 510-511 (1961)).