gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct conversion CdZnTe and CdTe detectors for digital mammography (2002)

Hybrid CdZnTe and CdTe pixel detector arrays that convert X-rays directly into charge signals are under development at Nova for applications to digital mammography. CdZnTe and CdTe have superior X-ray conversion efficiency compared to either emulsion based film, phosphor-based detectors or other low-Z, solid-state detectors such as silicon. In this paper, latest results from thin (0.15 to 0.2 mm) CdZnTe and CdTe detectors will be presented in terms of MTF, DQE and phantom images. Single crystal CdZnTe detectors yield better results in DQE as well as phantom images, compared to the poly-crystal CdZnTe detectors. This is due to the non-uniformities in the poly-crystal that degrade the charge transport properties. Because of the charge-coupling limitation of the readout ASIC that was originally designed for Si detectors, the detector is biased to collect holes from the front side. This charge collection mode limits the CdZnTe detector performance. Their DQE measurements yield 25% and 65% for the poly-crystal and single-crystal CdZnTe detectors respectively. Poly-crystal CdTe test detectors were also hybridized to the same type charge readout chip. Since CdTe has much longer hole-propagation lengths compared to CdZnTe, it shows better performance in the hole-collecting mode. However, severe polarization effect degrades performance of the present device. Excellent images were also obtained from the CdTe detectors. Future work to redesign the readout ASIC and thus improve the detector performance is discussed. Applications to industrial imaging such as Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) and Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) are also discussed.
Physicochemical processes involved in migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate (2009)

Abstract Results of experiments, conducted by different polycarbonate (PC) producing companies, on migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from PC into different liquids, were supplied to the author for compilation, review, and discussion. The observed BPA migration levels were found to be nearly independent of the concentration of residual BPA in the PC resins. Hydrolysis of PC is the dominant mechanism responsible for the release of BPA from the polymer surface into the contacting aqueous liquid. Experiments with PC spiked with deuterated BPA revealed that diffusion‐controlled migration play a minor role in the overall release of BPA from PC. The influence of a number of experimental parameters on the migration of BPA into aqueous liquids was studied. Factors found to be of importance included the temperature, pH, and ozone concentration of the liquids, as well as the surface ageing of the PC. All of the BPA migration levels obtained from experiments performed under standard conditions as given in the EU legislation and its associated guidance documents were found to be well below the EU specific migration limit of 600 μg/kg food which applies to plastics in contact with foodstuffs (EU Directive 2002/72/EC as amended). Migration is lower in oil than in the aqueous food‐simulants water, 3% acetic acid, and 10 or 50% ethanol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Chondrogenic and Adipogenic Potential of Microvascular Pericytes (2004)

These data demonstrate that pericytes are multipotent cells that may contribute to growth, wound healing, repair, and/or the development and progression of various pathological states.
Growth of Epitaxial ZnO Thin Film by Oxidation of Epitaxial ZnS Film on Si(111) Substrate (2000)

The growth of an epitaxial ZnO thin film on a Si substrate by oxidation of an epitaxial ZnS film is a novel method and we are reporting it for the first time. The merits of using the Si substrate are to make the driving voltage of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lower and the cost of the LEDs less expensive than that using a sapphire substrate. In this study, the epitaxial ZnO thin film could be successfully grown on the Si substrate. The epitaxial films showed a strong near-ultraviolet emission with a peak at around 3.32 eV at room temperature under 325 nm excitation.
Mixed culture biooxidation of phenol. III. Existence of multiple steady states in continuous culture with wall growth (1973)

Abstract It is shown that two steady states exist in certain regions of operation of a 2‐liter continuous stirred tank biological reactor. Transition was made from one steady state to another by applying shock loads of either phenol substrate which is inhibitory to the culture at high concentrations or by adding large additional amounts of concentrated organisms. The existence of the multiple steady states is ascribed to the existence of wall growth, and their position is determined by the amount of wall growth. Transient behavior of the system did not follow the predictions of the simple wall growth model but the culture appeared to undergo a lag period immediately after applying the shock load to the system. It is concluded that the stability of a continuous culture utilizing an inhibitory substrate is improved by increasing the degree of wall growth and decreasing the substrate feed concentration. It is also concluded that small scale experiments can usually not be interpreted correctly unless the effect of wall growth is taken into account.
TGF-β1 Regulates Adhesion of Mucosal Mast Cell Homologues to Laminin-1 Through Expression of Integrin α7 (2002)

Mucosal mast cells (MMC) or their precursors migrate through the intestinal lamina propria to reside intraepithelially, where expression of mouse mast cell protease-1 indicates the mature phenotype. Alterations in expression of integrins that govern cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix may regulate this process. As the key cytokine mediating differentiation of mouse mast cell protease-1-expressing MMC homologues in vitro, TGF-beta1 was considered a likely candidate for regulation of the integrins that facilitate intraepithelial migration of MMC. Therefore, we examined adhesion of bone marrow-derived mast cells cultured with and without TGF-beta1 to laminin-1, fibronectin, and vitronectin along with expression of integrins likely to regulate this adhesion. Adhesion of PMA-stimulated cultured mast cells to laminin-1 increased from 5.3 +/- 3.6% (mean +/- SEM) in the absence of TGF-beta1 to 58.7 +/- 4.0% (p < 0.05) when cultured mast cells had differentiated into MMC homologues in the presence of TGF-beta1. Increased adhesion of MMC homologues to laminin-1 was also stimulated by FcepsilonRI cross-linking and the calcium ionophore A23187. Expression of the laminin-binding integrin alpha(7) by MMC homologues grown in the presence of TGF-beta1 was demonstrated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry, and preincubation of MMC homologues with the alpha(7)-neutralizing Ab 6A11 inhibited adhesion to laminin-1 by 98% (p < 0.05), demonstrating a novel role for this molecule in adhesion of a hemopoietic cell to laminin-1.
A Variant in the Promoter of <i>MUC5B</i> and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

In this study, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the mucus-forming gene MUC5B was strongly associated with the presence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These results replicate the findings of other investigators, also published in this issue.
3D video compression by coding of disoccluded regions (2012)

In this paper, we present the most efficient coding tools that are used in a new video compression technology for multiple views with the depth maps. This very well performing technology was designed and developed in response to MPEG Call for Proposals on 3D Video Coding Technology. The proposed technology exploits a tool that reduces the side views and the side depth maps to small disoccluded regions. This way only one central view and one depth map are coded in the HEVC syntax while the remaining views and the depth maps are synthesized in the decoder from the small disoccluded regions and from the central-view data. Therefore, the bitrate needed for a side view is mostly below 20% of the bitrate for single-view video.
Adaptive temporal error concealment scheme for H.264/AVC video decoder (2008)

Resilience to channel noise is indispensable for video communication based consumer applications. Temporal error concealment is a kind of decoder-based technique to compensate for transmission errors and is popular in most consumer electronics. In this paper, an adaptive temporal error concealment scheme is proposed based on H.264 video standard to improve error resilience ability for video consumer applications. Mode switching mechanism is devised to flexibly choose appropriate temporal concealment mode. The search range for candidate motion vectors could be adaptively determined by the range of spatially and temporally neighboring motion vectors. Weighted outer boundary distortion function could dynamically select the optimal replacing motion vector for local area. Experiment and comparison with recent error concealment schemes shows that our proposed algorithm could effectively improve received video quality with reduced requirement for decoding time.
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluoxetine for Repetitive Behaviors and Global Severity in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorders (2011)

Fluoxetine treatment, compared to placebo, resulted in significantly greater improvement in repetitive behaviors, according to both the Yale-Brown compulsion subscale and CGI rating of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as well as on the CGI overall improvement rating. Fluoxetine appeared to be well tolerated. These findings stand in contrast to findings in a trial of citalopram for childhood autism.
Lipid Profiling by Multiple Precursor and Neutral Loss Scanning Driven by the Data-Dependent Acquisition (2005)

Data-dependent acquisition of MS/MS spectra from lipid precursors enables to emulate the simultaneous acquisition of an unlimited number of precursor and neutral loss scans in a single analysis. This approach takes full advantage of rich fragment patterns in tandem mass spectra of lipids and enables their profiling by complex (Boolean) scans, in which masses of several fragment ions are considered within a single logical framework. No separation of lipids is required, and the accuracy of identification and quantification is not compromised, compared to conventional precursor and neutral loss scanning.
Low complexity successive interference cancellation for MIMO–OFDM systems (2007)

Abstract Layered architectures like the V‐BLAST scheme are a promising candidate to exploit the capacity advantages of multiple antenna systems leading to practical wireless communication schemes with very high data rates. The combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), called MIMO–OFDM, with per‐antenna‐coding is one of the most likely implementations of these multilayer architectures in frequency selective environments. In this paper, we present a novel, computational efficient implementation of successive interference cancellation (SIC) for coded MIMO–OFDM. It utilises a parallelised version of the Sorted QR Decomposition (SQRD) to achieve the same optimised detection order for all subcarriers, in order to exploit the error correction capability of the forward error correction code within the SIC. In comparison to other schemes known from literature, our approach requires only a fraction of computational complexity with almost the same performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly (lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres containing antigen as a novel and potential agent of immunotherapy for allergic disorders. (1992)

In order to establish a safer and simpler antigen administration method in immunotherapy, we prepared biodegradable microspheres containing antigen and evaluated its safety and efficacy using guinea pigs. Poly (lactic/glycolic acid); (LGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OA) were fabricated by solvent evaporation. Over 70% of the OA was released from the microspheres within 3 days, and release was completed within 14 days in vivo. The local tissue reactions to the OA-LGA microspheres were apparently weaker than those to OA-alum. Repeated injections of high dose OA-LGA microspheres to OA-sensitized guinea pigs (high-LGA group) for 8 weeks at intervals of 2 weeks elicited an excellent therapeutic effect, i.e. a significant increase in the threshold value of antigen inhalation test, with a significant increase in IgG2 blocking antibody. The therapeutic efficacy of the high-LGA group was comparable to the conventional immunotherapy model (conventional group) and was superior to the antigen-alum model (alum group). We concluded that administration of antigen-LGA microspheres could become a new immunotherapeutic method for allergic disorders, being safer and requiring a lower frequency of antigen injections than the conventional method.
Effects of Cone Angle and Inlet Blade Angle on Mixed Inflow Turbine Performances (2017)

The development of the aerofoil-shaped turbomachine blades is of prime importance for achieving the appropriate deflection of a three dimensional flow through desired angles, to work at the same degree of incidence and thereby providing the required performances for the specific machine. The sensitivity of the rotor to incidence effects and tendency of the flow to separate from one or the other blade surface have given rise to considerations of the optimum incidence angle and cone angle for a mixed inflow turbine by a numerical investigation using the ANSYS-CFX code. In order to keep the rotor in the same casing some geometrical parameters have been hold constant and the Bezier polynomial is used to generate the new shape of the rotor blade when changing the cone angle magnitude.
Synthesis of poly(vinylene sulphide) and its electrical properties (1983)

A novel polymer of poly(vinylene sulphide), synthesized from trans- 1,2-dichloroethylene and sodium sulphide, shows enhanced electrical conductivity on doping with iodine, and has an electronic structure consistent with that determined by Brédas et al. from theoretical calculations.
Electrostatic techniques for protection of optical components in dusty environments (1980)

Electrostatic techniques can be used to keep dust and aerosols from depositing on optical components. The system makes use of a corona discharge and a safety screen, located out of the optical path, to charge the incoming dust and then push it away from the optical surface. The system is effective for the dust particles normally found in the atmosphere, power consumption is quite limited.
<i>trans</i>-[1,3-Bis(2,6-Di-3-pentylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(II) Dichloride (<i>Pd-PEPPSI</i><sup>TM</sup>-<i>IPent</i>) (2016)

[1158652-41-5] C40H56Cl3N3Pd (MW 791.67) InChI = InChI=1S/C35H53N2.C5H4ClN.2ClH.Pd/c1-9-26(10-2)30-19-17-20-31(27(11-3)12-4)34(30)36-23-24-37(25-36)35-32(28(13-5)14-6)21-18-22-33(35)29(15-7)16-8;6-5-2-1-3-7-4-5;;;/h17-29H,9-16H2,1-8H3;1-4H;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = MSZBXTMQAMAAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L (precatalyst for Pd-mediated C–C, C–N, and C–S cross-coupling reactions)2-14 Physical Data: mp 195–201 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents except for aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., pentane or hexanes); insoluble in water. Form Supplied in: pale to dark yellow solid. Available from Sigma-Aldrich. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR analysis. Preparative Methods: heating PdCl2 (1.05 mmol), N,N-(2,6-di-pentylphenyl)imidazolium chloride (1; IPent·HCl; 1.0 mmol), and powdered Cs2CO3 (5.0 mmol) at 90 °C in neat 3-chloropyridine (5 mL) with vigorous stirring for 18 h (eq 1) afforded Pd-PEPPSITM-IPent (2; 80%) as a beige powder following filtration through a plug of silica gel/celite (CH2Cl2), vacuum distillation of excess 3-chloropyridine, a second filtration through a silica gel/celite plug, and trituration with pentane. Purification: precipitation with pentane from concentrated ether or CH2Cl2 solution or flash chromatography on silica gel (pentane : CH2Cl2 = 1:2). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable under ambient conditions in solid form or in solution. Incompatible with strong acids, bases, oxidizing, and reducing agents.
Point cloud attribute compression with graph transform (2014)

Compressing attributes on 3D point clouds such as colors or normal directions has been a challenging problem, since these attribute signals are unstructured. In this paper, we propose to compress such attributes with graph transform. We construct graphs on small neighborhoods of the point cloud by connecting nearby points, and treat the attributes as signals over the graph. The graph transform, which is equivalent to Karhunen-Loève Transform on such graphs, is then adopted to decorrelate the signal. Experimental results on a number of point clouds representing human upper bodies demonstrate that our method is much more efficient than traditional schemes such as octree-based methods.
Host Defense Peptides and Lipopeptides: Modes of Action and Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections (2006)

Endogenous peptide antibiotics (termed also host-defense or antimicrobial peptides) are known as evolutionarily old components of innate immunity. They were found initially in invertebrates, but later on also in vertebrates, including humans. This secondary, chemical immune system provides organisms with a repertoire of small peptides that act against invasion (for both offensive and defensive purposes) by occasional and obligate pathogens. Each antimicrobial peptide has a broad but not identical spectrum of antimicrobial activity, predominantly against bacteria, providing the host maximum coverage against a rather broad spectrum of microbial organisms. Many of these peptides interact with the target cell membranes and increase their permeability, which results in cell lysis. A second important family includes lipopeptides. They are produced in bacteria and fungi during cultivation on various carbon sources, and possess a strong antifungal activity. Unfortunately, native lipopeptides are non-cell selective and therefore extremely toxic to mammalian cells. Whereas extensive studies have emerged on the requirements for a peptide to be antibacterial, very little is known concerning the parameters that contribute to antifungal activity. This review summarizes recent studies aimed to understand how antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides select their target cell. This includes a new group of lipopeptides highly potent against pathogenic fungi and yeast. They are composed of inert cationic peptides conjugated to aliphatic acids with different lengths. Deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential cells specificity of these families of host defense molecule is required to meet the challenges imposed by the life-threatening infections.
Green Fuel Production Using the PermSMBR Technology (2011)

The production of the green fuel acetaldehyde dibutylacetal (1,1-dibutoxyethane, DBE) was implemented by means of a new hybrid technology, the Simulated Moving Bed Membrane Reactor (PermSMBR), which consists in a Simulated Moving Bed Reactor (SMBR) integrated with membranes. The PermSMBR and SMBR processes performances were numerically evaluated and compared. The new hybrid technology proved to be a very efficient process for DBE production, leading to a productivity of 70.77 kgDBE·Lresin-1·day-1 with a desorbent consumption of 0.33 Ln-Butanol/kgDBE, which corresponds to a productivity enhancement of 31% and a desorbent consumption reduction of 88% when compared with the SMBR technology.
Performance analysis of LTE-advanced networks in different spectrum bands (2011)

Hutchison 3G under the brand name of Three launched 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP Rel 5 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) networks, worldwide. The HSDPA network is capable of delivering data rates up to 21 Mbps today. In Rel 7, 3GPP standardised HSPA Evolution (HSPA+) which was specified to deliver maximum user data rates up to 42 Mbps by using dual Carrier Aggregation and 64 QAM in the Downlink. Since the launch of HSDPA network in the UK, Hutchison 3G observed significant increase in the data traffic. In order to deliver Mobile BroadBand (MBB) services to its customers more efficiently, Three UK has started to focus on new technologies which have been standardised by 3GPP in Rel 8/9/10. Although Long Term Evolution (LTE) network performance was studied by other researchers, the aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of LTE Carrier Aggregation (CA) in different spectrum bands to meet the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements.
Accelerating sensitivity encoding using Compressed Sensing (2008)

The combination of Compressed Sensing (CS) and SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) for improving MRI acquisition speed and robustness has recently drawn great attentions. However, in the direct combination, the encoding matrix which represents the Fourier transform of channel-specific sensitivity modulation is not guaranteed to be a good CS matrix. In this paper, we propose a different approach that applies CS and SENSE sequentially. The method first uses CS to reconstruct a set of aliased images in each coil, and then applies the basic SENSE on these images to reconstruct the final image. The total reduction factor can achieve the product of the factors of each individual method. The experimental results show that overall performance of our proposed method is superior to the direct combination method with the same reduction factor.
In Situ polymerization in binary polymer/monomer mixtures: A novel route to polymeric composites (1981)

The formation of a polymer/polymer composite by solid-state polymerization of trioxane (TOX) crystals grown within binary trioxane/polycaprolactone or trioxane/poly(oxythylene) mixtures is reported. At present, such composites have been formed with trioxane-rich (hypoeutectic) mixtures. It is observed that in this composition range, much higher yields are obtained through thermal orientation of the TOX crystals which result in very highly ordered systems as revealed by optical and electron microscopy. These POM-rich composites were not, however, amenable to mechanical testing.
Improved user authentication in off-the-record messaging (2007)

Instant Messaging software is now used in homes and businesses by a wide variety of people. Many of these users would benefit from additional privacy, but do not have enough specialized knowledge to use existing privacy-enhancing software. There is a need for privacy software to be easy to understand, with complicated cryptographic concepts hidden from the user. We look at improving the usability of Off-the-Record Messaging, a popular privacy plugin for instant messaging software. By using a solution to the Socialist Millionaires' Problem, we are able to provide the same level of privacy and authentication as in older versions of OTR, but we no longer require that the user understand any difficult concepts such as keys or fingerprints.
Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys (KINK) (2006)

This document describes the Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys
(KINK) protocol. KINK defines a low-latency, computationally
inexpensive, easily managed, and cryptographically sound protocol to
establish and maintain security associations using the Kerberos
authentication system. KINK reuses the Quick Mode payloads of the
Internet Key Exchange (IKE), which should lead to substantial reuse of
existing IKE implementations. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Web-based remote manipulation in advanced manufacturing system (2005)

In this paper, a Web-based collaborative framework is proposed. With appropriate open architecture for effective collaboration among a dispersed engineering team, the Web-based digital Shop Floor can serve real-time data from bottom up and can function as a constituent component of e-manufacturing for remote monitoring and control. This paper presents the basis of the framework for building web-based collaborative systems that can be used for distributed manufacturing. A proof-of-concept prototype system is developed on top of the framework to demonstrate one of its potential applications on shop floor monitoring and control.