gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Ad-Hoc Method for Avoiding Tracks Coalescence in Pdaf for Tracks Fusion (2006)

In order to perform distributed track fusion against the clutter background and missed detections, one should make sure that the tracks do not coalesce when they cross each other. This paper investigates an ad-hoc method of employing the IMM-JVC algorithm together with the Probabilistic Data Association Filter, in order to reduce, to a reasonable low percentage, the ratio of lost tracks caused by tracks crossing, on the expense of a small reduction in the allowed target maneuverability when tracks interaction is in effect.
An architecture for web-enabled devices (2001)

Connecting other devices than workstations to the Internet is becoming commonplace now. We\ngive a taxonomy of such devices based on the integration of this connection with the functionality of the device. Then we propose a generic architecture for Webconnected devices based on Internet standards.
Utilising the internet of things concepts to improve the resource efficiency of food manufacturing (2021)

This thesis reports on the research undertaken to increase the sustainability of food manufacturing by reducing the solid Food waste generation, as well as Energy and Water (FEW) consumptions through applications based of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts. The primary objective of this research is to develop an IoT-based framework, which identifies and collects the key data regarding FEW within food manufacturing. The other objective is to design and implement a decision support tool using appropriate and existing hardware and software to aid the stakeholders with the choice of the most effective solution to reduce the FEW within food manufacturing processes. [Continues.]
Human <scp>l</scp>‐3‐phosphoserine phosphatase: sequence, expression and evidence for a phosphoenzyme intermediate (1997)

We report the sequence of the cDNA encoding human L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase. The encoded polypeptide contains 225 residues and shows 30% sequence identity with the Escherichia coli enzyme. The human protein was expressed in a bacterial expression system and purified. Similar to known L-3-phosphoserine phosphatases, it catalyzed the Mg2(+)-dependent hydrolysis of L-phosphoserine and an exchange reaction between L-serine and L-phosphoserine. In addition we found that the enzyme was phosphorylated upon incubation with L-[32P]phosphoserine, which indicates that the reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate. The sensitivity of the phosphoryl-enzyme to alkali and to hydroxylamine suggests that an aspartyl- or a glutamyl-phosphate was formed. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA described in this article has been deposited in the EMBL data base under accession number Y10275.
An Alphabet of Breast-feeding (1942)

In this third year of war the saving of food is an urgent duty, and the waste of food is strongly and rightly denounced. It is timely, therefore, to draw attention to the serious waste of breast milk caused by the prevalent neglect or mismanagement of breast-feeding. Breast milk is the ideal and complete food of the infant for the first six months of life and can continue to be its principal article of diet for the remainder of the first year. The gross quantity of breast milk consumed by a baby in six months is about 210 pints (on the basis of 3/4 pint daily for the first month and 14 pints daily for the next five months). Deducting the 41,459 infant deaths in Great Britain during 1941, there were 635,062 survivors, and their requirements in breast milk for the first six months were 16-million gallons. It is a reasonable estimate, and probably an under-estimate, that one-third of this quantity, 52 million gallons, of essential ideal infant food was lost through unnecessary weaning of babies.
Reorganization of sensory and motor systems in adult mammals after injury (2001)

Sensory and motor systems in mammals consist of a number of interconnected representations (maps) of receptor surfaces or muscle movements. The details of the organizations of these maps have long been known to be mutable or plastic during the development of the nervous system, so that injuries to the receptor array and other forms of sensory deprivation alter the course of development and produce an abnormal system. Because such alterations were difficult or impossible to reverse in the mature brain, and manipulations that were effective in altering the developing brain failed to alter the mature brain, the prevailing assumption was that sensory and motor systems were highly stable after a period of developmental malleability. We now know that the sensory and motor maps of mature mammals are highly plastic in internal organization (see for review Kaas, 1996; Chino, 1997; Florence et al., 1997; Nudo et al., 1997; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998). The removal of activating inputs through peripheral nerve or sensory tract damage can be followed by reactivations of deprived neurons in sensory systems so that these neurons acquire new receptive fields and altered response properties. Similar changes in neurons can be observed after lesions that partially damage central nuclei and cortical areas, and after injuries to motor nerves and structures.
Toward a Representational Hypothesis of the Role of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial and Other Forms of Learning (1990)

One reason for the current interest in the neural mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, particularly those involved in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), is the idea that these same mechanisms may overlap with those actually used by the nervous system in certain kinds of learning. Several different theoretical and experimental approaches have been taken to investigate this possibility (Laroche and Bloch 1982; McNaughton 1983; Lynch 1986; Teyler and Discenna 1986; Barnes 1988; Berger and Sclabassi 1988; Morris et al. 1990a; Singer 1990), but this paper focuses on a hitherto neglected aspect of the problem: the interface between the properties and mechanisms of LTP, on the one hand, and recent neuropsychological theories about the organization of memory, on the other. Aspects of a "representational" hypothesis concerning the role LTP could play in storing information about the relationship between events are then outlined and evaluated against available evidence.
Floorplanning for 3-D VLSI design (2005)

In this paper we present a floorplanning algorithm for 3-D ICs. The problem can be formulated as that of packing a given set of 3-D rectangular blocks while minimizing a suitable cost function. Our algorithm is based on a generalization of the classical 2-D slicing floorplans to 3-D slicing floorplans. A new encoding scheme of slicing floorplans (2-D/3-D) and its associated set of moves form the basis of the new simulated annealing based algorithm. The bestknown algorithm for packing 3-D rectangular blocks is based on simulated annealing using sequence-triple floorplan representation. Experimental results show that our algorithm produces packing results on average 3% better than the sequence-triple-based algorithm under the same annealing parameters, and our algorithm runs much faster (17 times for problems containing 100 blocks) than the sequence-triple. Moreover, our algorithm can be extended to consider various types of placement constraints and thermal distribution while the existing sequence-triple-based algorithm does not have such capabilities. Finally, when specializing to 2-D problems, our algorithm is a new 2-D slicing floorplanning algorithm. We are excited to report the surprising results that our new 2-D floorplanner has produced slicing floorplans for the two largest MCNC benchmarks ami33 and ami49 which have the smallest areas (among all slicing/nonslicing floorplanning algorithms) ever reported in the literature.
Carbon monoxide poisoning. (1991)

Address for correspondence: Joseph Varon, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.C.C.P. Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Medicine The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 042 Houston, TX 77030 TeL: (713)745-1771 Fax: (713)794-4590 e-mail: varon@surg.mdacc.tmc.edu
Efficacy of various spray disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. (1992)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of eight disinfectant sprays on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with three microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, or Bacillus subtilis) or mixed oral flora. Alcide LD, OMC II, Biocide, and Professional Lysol Spray were relatively ineffective under the test conditions. Sporicidin and 0.525% sodium hypochlorite were able to effect a 4-log10 (99.99%) reduction against S aureus only. A 4-log10 reduction in bacterial counts was achieved by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and Impresept in all tests except against B subtilis. Full-strength sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) was the most effective disinfectant overall and required the shortest contact time.
Enrolling the Eligible: Lessons for Funders (2010)

· Many social programs have a gap between the number of individuals eligible for services and the number enrolled. · The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation implemented Covering Kids & Families to increase enrollment in Medicaid and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program. · Grantees sought to increase enrollment by raising awareness among low-income families, simplifying the application process, and coordinating among programs. · Funders are encouraged to consider the lifecycle of programs and organizations, the skills in coalition-building and working with public officials that are needed, and the need to fit political strategies with the local culture.
THE STRONG HEART STUDY A STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN AMERICAN INDIANS: DESIGN AND METHODS (1990)

Available data indicate that cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in American Indians. However, limited information is available on cardiovascular disease incidence, prevalence, and risk factors in this population. Reported cardiovascular disease rates vary greatly among groups in different geographic areas. These rates have been obtained from studies of varying sizes and different methodologies. The Strong Heart Study, which uses standardized methodology, is designed to estimate cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity rates and the prevalence of known and suspected cardiovascular disease risk factors in American Indians. The study population consists of 12 tribes in three geographic areas: an area near Phoenix, Arizona, the southwestern area of Oklahoma, and the Aberdeen area of North and South Dakota. The study includes three components. The first is a mortality survey to estimate cardiovascular disease mortality rates for 1984-1988 among tribal members aged 35-74 years, and the second is a morbidity survey to estimate incidence of both first and first or recurrent hospitalized myocardial infarction and stroke (cerebrovascular disease) among tribal members aged 45-74 years in 1984-1988, and the third is a clinical examination of 4,500 tribal members aged 45-74 years in order to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associations with risk factors. Family history, diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, degree of acculturation, and socioeconomic status are assessed in personal interviews. The physical examination includes measurements of body fat, body circumferences, and blood pressure, an examination of the heart and lungs, an evaluation of peripheral vascular disease, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Laboratory measurements include fasting and postload glucose, insulin, fasting lipids, apoproteins, fibrinogen, and glycated hemoglobin. Also measured are serum and urine creatinine and urinary albumin. DNA from lymphocytes is isolated and stored for future genetic studies.
Sonic hedgehog Regulates Epithelial Proliferation and Cell Survival in the Developing Tooth Germ (2001)

Shh expression is highly restricted to the future sites of tooth development during the initiation of odontogenesis. This suggests a role for Shh as a proliferative factor, as localized epithelial thickenings invaginate to form a tooth bud. We have investigated this role by blocking Shh signaling between E10.5 and E12.5 in murine mandibular processes using a 5E1 blocking antibody and the PKA activator Forskolin. This results in down-regulation of Ptc, a principle target of Shh signaling. The effects of inhibition varied with developmental time. At E10.5, tooth development was arrested as epithelial thickenings and the numbers of teeth developing were considerably reduced. Inhibition at E12.5 produced localized apoptosis in the epithelium at the tip of the tooth buds, although some teeth were able to develop. Thus, Shh has dual roles in early odontogenesis, first in bud formation by stimulating epithelial proliferation, and second in the development of cap-stage tooth germs by increasing epithelial cell survival.
Bayesian 3D Human Motion Capture Using Factored Particle Filtering (2010)

We present a markerless human motion capture system that estimates the 3D positions of the body joints over time. The system uses a dynamic bayesian network and a factored particle filtering algorithm. In this paper we evaluate the impact of using different observation functions for the bayesian state estimation: chamfer distance, a pixel intersection and finally a pseudo-observation of the subject direction calculated from the previous output of the system. We also compare two methods for the factored generation of the particles. The first one uses a deterministic interval exploration strategy whereas the second one is based on an adaptive diffusion. The capacity of the system to recover after occlusion by obstacles was tested on simulated movements in a virtual scene.
2D multislice and 3D MRI sequences are often equally sensitive (1999)

A simple theoretical model was developed to compare the sensitivities (i.e., signal-to-noise ratios per unit imaging time) of two-dimensional (2D) multislice and 3D imaging sequences. The model shows that the sensitivities of 3D and 2D multislice MRI sequences are usually similar. Sensitivities are identical in T2-weighted sequences when the T(R)s of the two sequences are the same. In T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences, sensitivities are very similar when Ernst angle excitation is used and the T(R) of the 2D sequence is less than T1. The predictions of the model are confirmed in phantom and animal experiments.
Sustaining moore's law in embedded computing through probabilistic and approximate design (2009)

The central theme of our work is the probabilistic and approximate design of embedded computing systems. This novel approach consists of two distinguishing aspects: (i) the design and implementation of embedded systems, using components which are susceptible to perturbations from various sources and (ii) a design methodology which consists of an exploration of a design space which characterizes the trade-off between quality of output and cost, to implement high performance and low energy embedded systems. In contrast with other work, our design methodology does not attempt to correct the errors introduced by components which are susceptible to perturbations, instead we design "good enough" systems. Our work has the potential to address challenges and impediments to Moore's law arising from material properties and manufacturing difficulties, which dictate that we shift from the current-day deterministic design paradigm to statistical and probabilistic designs of the future. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of our work on probabilistic and approximate design, present novel results in approximate arithmetic and its impact on digital signal processing algorithms, and sketch future directions for research.
Effect of Potential, Temperature, and Fluoride Ions on the Repassivation Kinetics of Titanium in Phosphate Buffered Saline Solution with the Photon Rupture Method (2009)

The effect of the applied potentials, temperature, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> ions on the localized repassivation kinetics of titanium was investigated by the photon rupture method, PRM, and electrochemical techniques in phosphate buffered saline solution. The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>I</mml:mi></mml:math> versus <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:math> plots after laser beam irradiation showed a rapid increase, then a decrease with a slope of about <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn></mml:math>, which is steeper than that expected from high field oxide film formation theory, suggesting that the repassivation of titanium is a combination of electrochemical and chemical reactions. The repassivation current increases with increases in the applied potential and addition of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> ions, while solution temperature does not influence the repassivation kinetics. The effect of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> ions on the repassivation kinetics can be explained by localized pH changes caused by very rapid dissolution of titanium when titanium was exposed to PBS solution.
Computation with Spiking Neurons (2004)

We develop two artificial neural network models which use ‘spiking’ neurons to perform recognition and memory tasks. The first task studied is that of recognising spoken words. We present a network built from approximately 1000 biologically plausible integrate-and-fire neurons which was developed as the winning solution to an academic competition posed by John Hopfield and Carlos Brody. The network recognises a vocabulary of ten words, regardless of the speed at which they are spoken (‘time-warp invariance’). The network employs two key mechanisms: transient equality in the firing rates of subsets of neurons, and the inducement of synchrony among groups of weakly-connected neurons. In the remainder of the thesis we study an autoassociative memory. The network consists of a single layer of spiking neurons with recurrent time-delay connections. Each neuron is built from a number of coincidence detector subunits, and can be thought of as an approximation to a binary ‘sigma-pi’ unit. The network stores and recalls spatiotemporal spike sequences (patterns of neural activity over time). When stimulated with a noisy or incomplete version of a stored memory, the network will ‘clean up’ the memory and, if periodic spike sequences are used, repeatedly replay the corrected, completed memory. Unlike most memory models, the system is able to simultaneously recall more than one stored memory, using a single population of neurons. We explore the capacity properties of this ‘Concurrent Recall Network’. Using a mapping from real numbers to spatiotemporal spike sequences, we extend the Concurrent Recall Network into a line attractor memory. In this mode of operation, it is able not only to store individual memories (point attractors) but also a continuum of memories (a line attractor). After training, the network can stably recall the spike sequence corresponding to any point along the attractor. Furthermore, by applying a global ‘velocity control’ signal to all neurons in the network, we can cause the recalled state to drift along the attractor in a controlled fashion. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the Concurrent Recall Network to store multiple line attractors, recall different positions along each attractor concurrently and independently move along each attractor.
Tight junctions in the lens epithelia of human and frog: freeze-fracture and protein tracer studies. (1983)

For the first time, the existence of zonulae occludentes in the lens epithelia of human and frog has been demonstrated, using a "double mounting" method in freeze-fracture transmission electron microscope (TEM). The physiologic barrier function of zonulae occludentes in frog lens epithelium is determined by a "wash out" procedure in the protein tracer studies. It was found that within various time intervals of washing, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was consistently restricted to the location of membrane fusions (zonulae occludentes), as seen with thin-section TEM. This corresponds to the location of zonulae occludentes found in the freeze-fracture studies. Thus, these data strongly suggest that there are zonulae occludentes in the frog lens epithelium and that these structures do provide a barrier function for the transepithelial diffusion of HRP with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons.
Mutations in <i>myostatin</i> (<i>GDF8</i>) in Double-Muscled Belgian Blue and Piedmontese Cattle (1997)

A visibly distinct muscular hypertrophy (mh), commonly known as double muscling, occurs with high frequency in the Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle breeds. The autosomal recessive mh locus causing double-muscling condition in these cattle maps to bovine chromosome 2 within the same interval as myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of genes. Because targeted disruption of myostatin in mice results in a muscular phenotype very similar to that seen in double-muscled cattle, we have evaluated this gene as a candidate gene for double-muscling condition by cloning the bovine myostatin cDNA and examining the expression pattern and sequence of the gene in normal and double-muscled cattle. The analysis demonstrates that the levels and timing of expression do not appear to differ between Belgian Blue and normal animals, as both classes show expression initiating during fetal development and being maintained in adult muscle. Moreover, sequence analysis reveals mutations in heavy-muscled cattle of both breeds. Belgian Blue cattle are homozygous for an 11-bp deletion in the coding region that is not detected in cDNA of any normal animals examined. This deletion results in a frame-shift mutation that removes the portion of the Myostatin protein that is most highly conserved among TGF-beta family members and that is the portion targeted for disruption in the mouse study. Piedmontese animals tested have a G-A transition in the same region that changes a cysteine residue to a tyrosine. This mutation alters one of the residues that are hallmarks of the TGF-beta family and are highly conserved during evolution and among members of the gene family. It therefore appears likely that the mh allele in these breeds involves mutation within the myostatin gene and that myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth in cattle as well as mice.
Bicycling science: ergonomics and mechanics (1974)

Part 1 of the book deals with the energy requirements for bicycling and their measurement, the use of data on heat transfer to explain how bicyclists keep cool, applications of muscle power to machinery and various means of bicycle propulsion. Part 2 is concerned with bicycle physics: wind resistance, the wheel and its rolling resistance, resistance to motion due to mechanical friction, braking, bicycle balancing and steering, materials of construction for bicycles. In part 3, a review is presented of other human- powered machines : water cycles, ice and snow machines, railway cycles, air cycles,etc, and man-powered vehicles of the future are described and illustrated. ;TRRL;