gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THERMAL STRESSES IN MICROELECTRONICS SUBASSEMBLIES: QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION USING PHOTOMECHANICS METHODS (2003)

Abstract Several optical methods for in-situ displacement measurement are presented as a tool to characterize thermomechanical behavior of microelectronics subassemblies. Features and recent developments of the methods are reviewed and applications to diverse problems are illustrated to demonstrate wide applicability of the methods. The whole-field displacement information, with various sensitivity and resolution scales, is ideally suited for the deformation study of a broad range of problems in microelectronics packaging. The methods are mature and they can be practiced routinely. More applications are anticipated. Keywords: Far Infrared Fizeau Interferometry Interconnections Microelectronics Packaging Microscopic Moiré Interferometry Moiré Interferometry Photomechanics Methods Shadow Moiré Twyman/Green Interferometry
PowerLyra (2015)

Natural graphs with skewed distribution raise unique challenges to graph computation and partitioning. Existing graph-parallel systems usually use a "one size fits all" design that uniformly processes all vertices, which either suffer from notable load imbalance and high contention for high-degree vertices (e.g., Pregel and GraphLab), or incur high communication cost and memory consumption even for low-degree vertices (e.g., PowerGraph and GraphX).
Functional Analysis of the CpsA Protein of Streptococcus agalactiae (2012)

Streptococcal pathogens, such as the group B streptococcus (GBS) Streptococcus agalactiae, are an important cause of systemic disease, which is facilitated in part by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. The CpsA protein is a putative transcriptional regulator of the capsule locus, but its exact contribution to regulation is unknown. To address the role of CpsA in regulation, full-length GBS CpsA and two truncated forms of the protein were purified and analyzed for DNA-binding ability. Assays demonstrated that CpsA is able to bind specifically to two putative promoters within the capsule operon with similar affinity, and full-length protein is required for specificity. Functional characterization of CpsA confirmed that the ΔcpsA strain produced less capsule than did the wild type and demonstrated that the production of full-length CpsA or the DNA-binding region of CpsA resulted in increased capsule levels. In contrast, the production of a truncated form of CpsA lacking the extracellular LytR domain (CpsA-245) in the wild-type background resulted in a dominant-negative decrease in capsule production. GBS expressing CpsA-245, but not the ΔcpsA strain, was attenuated in human whole blood. However, the ΔcpsA strain showed significant attenuation in a zebrafish infection model. Furthermore, chain length was observed to be variable in a CpsA-dependent manner, but could be restored to wild-type levels when grown with lysozyme. Taken together, these results suggest that CpsA is a modular protein influencing multiple regulatory functions that may include not only capsule synthesis but also cell wall associated factors.
Priming of human oral epithelial cells by interferon-γ to secrete cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycans (2002)

An earlier study reported that human gingival epithelial cells in primary culture and oral epithelial cell lines KB and HSC-2 cells were devoid of membrane CD14 (mCD14) and did not show enhanced production of interleukin (IL)-8 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) upon stimulation with bacterial cell-surface components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN) and synthetic muramyldipeptide (MDP) even in the presence of serum. The present study demonstrated that after treatment with interferon (IFN)-gamma for 3 days, these cells secreted IL-8 and GM-CSF in response to the bacterial components. Treatment with IFN-gamma enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression as determined by reverse transcriptase PCR. Anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited the IL-8 production induced by PGN and LTA as well as LPS, respectively, in IFN-gamma-primed oral epithelial cells, whereas neither MAb inhibited IL-8 production induced by MDP. These findings suggested that IFN-gamma primed oral epithelial cells to produce cytokines upon stimulation with various bacterial components by up-regulation of the TLR system.
FOVEAL FIXATION DISPARITY MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR USE IN DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCOMMODATIVE CONVERGENCE AND ACCOMMODATION (1960)

U.S. Naval School of Aviation Medicine, Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida *Submitted on June 10, 1959, for publication in the January, 1960, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Ph.D., Institute of Psysiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China. ‡Optometrist. Lieutenant Commander, MSC., USN., U. S. Naval School of Aviation Medicine. §Ph.D., Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
Functional Resins as Hydrophilic Supports for Nanoclustered Pd(0) and Pd(0)‐Au(0) Catalysts Designed for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide (2006)

Abstract The commercial macroreticular cation exchanger resin Lewatit K2621/H + and two gel‐type resins bearing SO 3 H and SMe functionalities are used to produce two acidic Pd(0)/resin(H + ) and one non‐acidic Pd(0)‐Au(0)/resin catalysts that are tested in the direct synthesis of H 2 O 2 in methanol/water (2.5 : 1) at −10 °C and moderate H 2 and O 2 pressures. Molar yields in H 2 O 2 after 1.5 hours, range from 12.9% [Pd(0)‐Au(0)/resin] to 46% [Pd(0)/K2621/H + ].
New Amides of 5‐Acylamino‐3‐Methyl‐4‐Isothiazolecarboxylic Acid and their Immunotropic Activity (2005)

Several new amides 4 of 5-substituted 3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid were obtained. These compounds have acetylamino or benzoylamino groups in position 5 of the isothiazole ring. In position 4, the carboxylic group was transformed in the amides using amino-acid esters. Activities of the obtained derivatives were checked in the humoral immune response and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) in vivo.
Physicochemical properties of crystalline lactose. I. Estimation of the degree of crystallinity and the disorder parameter by an X-ray diffraction method. (1982)

A computer program for the determination of the degree of crystallinity and the disorder parameter in lactose based on Ruland's method, one of the X-ray diffraction methods, was written. The correctness of the program was confirmed by comparing the computed results with those caloulated by the usual Ruland's method and Herman's method using several samples of lactose with different crystallinities. A series of integral upper limits was determined by rearranging the equation presented by Ruland. The degree of crystallinity and the disorder parameter in crystalline lactose which was used as the 100% crystalline standard in the other methods were estimated as ca. 70% and ca. 3.5 A2, respectively. The effects of the normalization constant on the calculated results were rather small. However, the effects of integral upper limits on those results were large. A series of integral upper limits seems to be a very important factor for crystallinity determination by Ruland's method.
Implementation of a multi-pulse coder on a single chip floating-point signal processor (2005)

Multi-Pulse excited LPC is a promising method to satisfy the current needs for speech coding at medium bit rates and to produce high quality coded speech. Using a new single-chip digital signal processor that can execute 4 million floating-point instructions per second, we have implemented a complex multipulse codec. Our implementation is intended as a flexible research tool for evaluating the coder performance, tuning the coder parameters and listening to a wide range of speech material.
Manufacturability considerations for fully depleted SOI (2002)

Performance advantages of SOI technology have been widely published. However, a critical step in the maturation of any technology is progressing from demonstrating best case performance advantages to demonstrating repeatable performance. For a technology to be production qualified, target values must be met for critical parameters, with lot parametric variations within the required tolerances. We examine fully depleted SOI from this point of view. As a result of the very thin Si films used in fully-depleted SOI, sensitivities are found for process steps such as oxidation, salicide formation, and photolithography that are not found in bulk silicon or partially-depleted SOI. Since one of most important SOI substrate parameters is the thickness of the Si film (tsi), we focus here on how key electrical parameters are affected by tsi, for both mean and standard deviation. We find that not only is the tsi variation across a single wafer important, but that it must be controlled lot to lot. This impacts SOI wafer suppliers, as well as VLSI production flows in which sacrificial oxidations are done.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Escherichia coli mazEF</i> -Mediated Cell Death Is Triggered by Various Stressful Conditions (2004)

mazEF is an Escherichia coli suicide module specific for a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin. Inhibiting mazEF expression appeared to activate the module to cause cell death. Here we show that several stressful conditions, including high temperatures, DNA damage, and oxidative stress, also induce mazEF-mediated cell death. We also show that this process takes place only during logarithmic growth and requires an intact relA gene.
Sepiolite-Palygorskite from the Hekimhan Region (Turkey) (1995)

Abstract Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary marine clayey-calcareous rocks of the Hekimhan basin contain fibrous clay minerals in significant amounts. Ophiolitic rocks in the provenance area have contributed the elements to form the clay minerals. XRD, SEM, major, trace and REE analyses were applied to samples taken from several stratigraphic sections. Diagenetic minerals such as smectite, dolomite, calcite, gypsum, celestite and quartz/chalcedony are associated with sepiolite-palygorskite group clays. Trace and rare earth elements (REE) are more abundant in palygorskite than sepiolite. REE abundances in the sepiolite-palygorskite are characterized by negative Eu and positive Nd anomalies when normalized with respect to chondrite and shale. Sepiolites with sharp XRD peaks are formed by diagenetic replacement of dolomite and diagenetic transformation of palygorskite, or by direct crystallization from solution. The average structural formula of the sepiolite is: (Mg 7.15 Al 0.13 Fe 0.31 Cr 0.06 Ni 0 . 04 )(Si 11.98 Al 0.02 )O 30 (OH) 4 (OH 2 ) 4 Ca 0.03 Na 0.02 K 0.02 .8H 2 O Palygorskite appears to be authigenic by direct precipitation from solution. It exists in both monoclinic and orthorhombic forms with the mean structural formula given below (Mg 2.22 Al 1.00 Ti 0.04 Fe 0.77 Cr 0.01 Ni 0 . 02 )(Si 7.68 Al 0.32 )O 20 (OH) 2 (OH 2 ) 4 Ca 0.07 Na 0.05 K 0.10 .4H 2 O
Memory-Based Reinforcement Learning: Efficient Computation with Prioritized Sweeping (1992)

We present a new algorithm, Prioritized Sweeping, for efficient prediction and control of stochastic Markov systems. Incremental learning methods such as Temporal Differencing and Q-learning have fast real time performance. Classical methods are slower, but more accurate, because they make full use of the observations. Prioritized Sweeping aims for the best of both worlds. It uses all previous experiences both to prioritize important dynamic programming sweeps and to guide the exploration of state-space. We compare Prioritized Sweeping with other reinforcement learning schemes for a number of different stochastic optimal control problems. It successfully solves large state-space real time problems with which other methods have difficulty.
A perceptual pitch detector (2002)

A pitch detector based on Licklider's (1979) duplex theory of pitch perception was implemented and tested on a variety of stimuli from human perceptual tests. It is believed that this approach accurately models how people perceive pitch. It is shown that it correctly identifies the pitch of complex harmonic and inharmonic stimuli and that it is robust in the face of noise and phase changes. This perceptual pitch detector combines a cochlear model with a bank of autocorrelators. By performing an independent autocorrelation for each channel, the pitch detector is relatively insensitive to phase changes across channels. The information in the correlogram is filtered, nonlinearly enhanced, and summed across channels. Peaks are identified and a pitch is then proposed that is consistent with the peaks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isomerization of N-allylamides and -imides to aliphatic enamides by iron, rhodium, and ruthenium complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization of N-allylamides and -imides to aliphatic enamides by iron, rhodium, and ruthenium complexesJ. K. Stille and Y. BeckerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 11, 2139–2145Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01299a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01299a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2381Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Proteome Analysis Of Distinct Variants Of Dengue Virus Using <italic>Insilico</italic> Approach (2009)

The widespread burden of Dengue was amplified over the last three decades and almost half of the world population is estimated to be at the risk of Dengue fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) which has increased drastically in recent times. Therefore, it has been a major concern of public health world wide. The genome of dengue virus encodes a single polyprotein; having both the functional and non-functional region. The predicted motif involved in regulation, activity and stability of virus and protein sub cellular localization of all structural regions of dengue virus variants were plasma membrane. Eight significant motifs like cAMP & cGMP dependent protein kinase, N-Glycosylation, NMyristoylation, Protein kinase C, Casein kinase 2, GTP-Binding Elongation Factor Signature, Tyrosine kinase and Glycosaminoglycan were predicted in dengue variants. These finding might be used to distinguish the proteome function for targeting or designing the antiviral inhibitors against the motifs of Dengue virus.
Protection in a mouse peritonitis model mediated by iron-regulated outer-membrane protein of Salmonella typhi coupled to its Vi antigen (2004)

Vi polysaccharide and iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins (IROMPs) were extracted and purified from the standard strain of Salmonella typhi, Ty2. These were then conjugated by chemical coupling using the carbodimide method. Vi-IROMP conjugate was tested for its ability to protect against colonization by S. typhi in different organs. Mice immunized with 2.5 microg Vi-IROMP conjugate showed the most protection, as the least bacterial colonization of spleen, liver and Peyer's patches was observed. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from conjugate-treated mice phagocytosed bacteria efficiently. Circulating antibodies and the delayed type hypersensitivity response elucidated by mouse foot-pad swelling was significantly higher in conjugate-treated animals. These results clearly demonstrate that an IROMP and polysaccharide conjugate of S. typhi prepared from the same strain has the potential to protect animals against challenge.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed <i>Ortho</i> Arylation of 2-Phenoxypyridines with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates via C−H Functionalization (2010)

An efficient synthesis of ortho-arylated 2-phenoxypyridines catalyzed by palladium acetate is described. Treatment of 2-phenoxypyridines with two and a half equivalents of potassium aryltrifluoroborate and 10 mol % of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of two equivalents of Ag2CO3, one equivalent of p-benzoquinone (BQ), and four equivalents of DMSO with (or without) H2O at 130−140 °C for 48 h in dried CH2Cl2 gave the ortho-arylated 2-phenoxypyridines in modest to excellent yields. p-Benzoquinone is found to be an important ligand and co-oxidant for the transmetalation reductive elimination step in the catalytic reaction. The investigation of kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD) is determined to be 5.25, which indicates that C−H bond cleavage occurs in the rate-determining step. One of the arylated compounds, 2-(4′-nitrobiphenyl-2-yloxy)pyridine, was treated with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and subsequently sodium methoxide to give the 2-(4-nitrophenyl)phenol in 79% yield, demonstrating that pyridine is a removable directing group.
Optical pipeline: a tentative assessment (1962)

A study has been made of transmission at optical wavelengths through a hollow steel pipe the inner surface of which has a mirror finish. A suitable pipe has a bore of 1 in diameter to a tolerance of ±3 mil with a silver surface. It could carry a large number of communication channels, a typical pulse baseband width (for 10-mile spacing of regenerative repeaters) for each channel being 200 Mc/s, with an attenuation, allowing for bends of ½ mile radius, of 2½dB/mile. The mechanical requirements involve problems of construction which seem to be straightforward.
Presentation of Peptide Antigens as Albumin Conjugates for Use in Detection of Serum Antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1996)

The use of linear peptides as antigens for detection of serum antibodies has been studied using a sequence of the Borrelia burgdorferi protein, flagellin, and Lyme disease sera as a model. It was found that a novel presentation of the peptide as a hapten on the carrier protein, bovine serum albumin, in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format can be successfully applied to distinguish between Lyme disease and control sera.
Electrochemical Behavior of H[sub 2]O in Nonaqueous Electrolyte (1968)

The electrochemical behavior of trace quantities of water (1–30 mM) in solutions was studied via chronopotentiometric and cyclic voltammetric techniques. It was observed that, with platinum electrodes, the chronopotentiometric constant increased with increasing current density up to a constant limiting value at high current densities. Analysis of the cyclic voltammetric results showed analogous behavior. The reaction product of reduction was inferred to be a porous, insoluble film of . This layer apparently acts to block part of the electrode surface thereby increasing the effective current density, decreasing Τ and hence . From the concentration dependence of and of it was further inferred that strong complexes were formed between water and Li+ ion which decreased the activity coefficient of . Current reversal subsequent to the reduction step showed an oxidation step which may be associated with an adsorbed film of atomic hydrogen on the platinum surface.
Identification of fission yeast nuclear markers using random polypeptide fusions with green fluorescent protein (1996)

We describe a method for identifying genes encoding proteins with stereospecific intracellular localizations in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast are transformed with a gene library in which S. pombe genomic sequences are fused to the gene encoding the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP), and intracellular localizations are subsequently identified by rapid fluorescence screening in vivo. In a model application of these methods to the fission yeast nucleus, we have identified several novel genes whose products are found in specific nuclear regions, including chromatin, the nucleolus, and the mitotic spindle, and sequence similarities between some of these genes and previously identified genes encoding nuclear proteins have validated the approach. These methods will be useful in identifying additional components of the S. pombe nucleus, and further extensions of this approach should also be applicable to a more comprehensive identification of the elements of intracellular architecture in fission yeast.
Phase-shifting error and its elimination in phase-shifting digital holography (2002)

We investigate the influence of phase-shifting error on the quality of the reconstructed image in digital holography and propose a method of error elimination for a perfect image. In this method the summation of the intensity bit errors of the reconstructed image is taken as an evaluation function for an iterative algorithm to find the exact phase-shifting value. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by computer simulation.
<title>Segmentation of the brain from 3D MRI using a hierarchical active surface template</title> (1994)

The accurate segmentation of the brain from three-dimensional medical imagery is important as the basis for visualization, morphometry, surgical planning and intraoperative navigation. The complex and variable nature of brain anatomy makes recognition of the brain boundaries a difficult problem and frustrates segmentation schemes based solely on local image features. We have developed a deformable surface model of the brain as a mechanism for utilizing a priori anatomical knowledge in the segmentation process. The active surface template uses an energy minimization scheme to find a globally consistent surface configuration given a set of potentially ambiguous image features. Solution of the entire 3D problem at once produces superior results to those achieved using a slice by slice approach. We have achieved good results with MR image volumes of both normal and abnormal subjects. Evaluation of the segmentation results has been performed using cadaver studies.
A Chemical Proteomic Analysis of Illudin‐Interacting Proteins (2019)

The illudin natural product family are fungal secondary metabolites with a characteristic spirocyclopropyl-substituted fused 6,5-bicyclic ring system. They have been extensively studied for their cytotoxicity in various tumor cell types, and semisynthetic derivatives with improved therapeutic characteristics have progressed to clinical trials. Although it is believed that this potent alkylating compound class acts mainly through DNA modification, little is known about its binding to protein sites in a cellular context. To reveal putative protein targets of the illudin family in live cancer cells, we employed a semisynthetic strategy to access a series of illudin-based probes for activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). While the probes largely retained potent cytotoxicity, proteomic profiling studies unraveled multiple protein hits, suggesting that illudins exert their mode of action not from addressing a specific protein target but rather from DNA modification and unselective protein binding.