gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of CCR5 signaling to treat COVID-19-associated cytokine storm: Case series of four critically ill patients treated with leronlimab (2021)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The number of confirmed cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 continues to escalate with over 70 million confirmed cases and over 1.6 million confirmed deaths. Severe-to-critical COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated host immune response to the virus, which is thought to lead to pathogenic immune dysregulation and end-organ damage. Presently few effective treatment options are available to treat COVID-19. Leronlimab is a humanized IgG4, kappa monoclonal antibody that blocks C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). It has been shown that in patients with severe COVID-19 treatment with leronlimab reduces elevated plasma IL-6 and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and normalized CD4/CD8 ratios. We administered leronlimab to 4 critically ill COVID-19 patients in intensive care. All 4 of these patients improved clinically as measured by vasopressor support, and discontinuation of hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation. Following administration of leronlimab there was a statistically significant decrease in IL-6 observed in patient A (p=0.034) from day 0-7 and patient D (p=0.027) from day 0-14. This corresponds to restoration of the immune function as measured by CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Although two of the patients went on to survive the other two subsequently died of surgical complications after an initial recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3,4‐DEHYDRO‐α‐TOCOTRIENOL AND VITAMIN E (1979)

Abstract Die Kondensation von 2‐Acetyl‐3,5,6‐trimethylhydrochinon (I) mit‐FarnesyIaceton (II) in Gegenwart von Pyrrolidin (III) führt zum 4‐Oxo‐a‐tocotrienol (IV), das mit Natriumborhydrid zum Carbinol reduziert und bei der Destillation zu 3,4‐Dehydro‐a‐tocotrienol (V) dehydratisiert wird.
Expression of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein E2 by bovine herpesvirus-1 from a synthetic ORF and incorporation of E2 into recombinant virions (1999)

Expression cassettes containing the codons for the pestivirus E (rns) signal peptide (Sig) followed by a chemically synthesized ORF that encoded the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strain C86 glycoprotein E2, a class I membrane glycoprotein, were constructed with and without a chimeric intron sequence immediately upstream of the translation start codon, and incorporated into the genome of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). The resulting recombinants, BHV- 1/SigE2(syn) and BHV-1/SigE2(syn)-intron, expressed comparable quantities of glycoprotein E2, and Northern blot hybridizations indicated that the presence of the intron did not increase significantly the steady-state levels of transcripts encompassing the SigE2(syn) ORF. In BHV-1/SigE2(syn)- infected cells, the 54 kDa E2 glycoprotein formed a dimer with an apparent molecular mass of 94 kDa, which was further modified to a 101 kDa form found in the envelope of recombinant virus particles. Penetration kinetics and single-step growth curves indicated that the incorporation of the BVDV E2 glycoprotein in the BHV-1 envelope, which apparently did not require BHV-1-specific signals, interfered with entry into target cells and egress of progeny virions. These results demonstrate that a pestivirus glycoprotein can be expressed efficiently by BHV-1 and incorporated into the viral envelope. BHV-1 thus represents a promising tool for the development of efficacious live and inactivated BHV-1-based vector vaccines.
Decline of signal transduction by phospholipase Cγ1 in IMR 90 human diploid fibroblasts at high population doubling levels (1991)

During cellular senescence in vitro, the cells do not respond mitogenically to serum growth factors at high population doubling levels. Phospholipase C activity in low PDL IMR 90 cells showed a 4.7-fold stimulation in response to 10% serum compared to 3.3-fold in high PDL cells when measured in whole cell extracts. Immunoaffinity purified tyrosine phosphorylated protein fraction showed a greater increase (5.2-fold) in phospholipase C activity in low PDL than high PDL cells (2.1-fold) in response to serum. Serum stimulated PLC gamma 1 activity was diminished in high PDL cells. Immunokinase assay of PLC gamma 1 immunoprecipitates from serum stimulated IMR 90 fibroblasts suggested that diminished enzymatic activity in high PDL cells is not due to less receptor coupled tyrosine phosphorylated PLC gamma 1 enzyme. Serum stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA declined in parallel with the activity of PLC gamma 1, suggesting that its activation might play significant roles in this in vitro model for cellular senescence.
Multi-Scale Rock Analysis for Improved Characterization of Complex Carbonates (2015)

Abstract The evaluation of carbonate reservoirs is a complex task because of the inherent heterogeneities that occur at all length scales. Rock properties may be defined differently at different scales and this introduces a challenge in capturing heterogeneity in a single rock volume. Heterogeneities at smaller length scales must be upscaled into larger scale volumes to better predict reservoir performance. The objective in this study is to define carbonate rock types at multiple scales and then upscale those rock types and associated properties to the whole core level. Representative core plugs were selected in a heterogeneous reservoir interval based on statistical distribution of litho-types in the core. The litho-types were described by porosity and mineralogy variations along the core length using advanced dual energy XCT imaging. Plug-scale rock types were defined on the basis of petrophysical data and geological facies. High-resolution micro to nano XCT images were integrated in the rock typing scheme. Those rock types were upscaled to the whole core level by linking the core litho-types to the plug data. The core litho-types (porosity and mineralogy) gave good representation of the whole core heterogeneity and were reliable for selecting representative samples. This allowed establishing the link between plugs and whole cores and hence upscaling rock type information to the whole core scale. The high-resolution digital images emphasized the different pore geometries in the samples and improved the definition of the rock types. Accurate porosity and permeability logs were derived along the core length and gave very good match with the plug data. Multi-scale porosity-permeability trends were investigated and found to have direct impact on the determination of upscaled permeability log at the whole core level. The paper presents an advanced and quick tool for representative sample selection and statistical core characterization in heterogeneous reservoirs. The identified rock types at multiple scales provided new insights into carbonate heterogeneity and gave upscaling options for rock types and petrophysical data. The upscaled rock types at the whole core level enhance the prediction of dynamic imbibition data along the reservoir column for improved reservoir performance.
The transformation of business knowledge into intangible assets (2006)

Purpose Proposes that one should take a few steps back to engineer and understand one's knowledge blueprint, so that one can understand better and have more certainty in one's outcome of knowledge valuation. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses knowledge valuation. Findings Businesses are chasing “knowledge” and implementing “knowledge” solutions, with not a clue as to whether the knowledge they are chasing or using to solve business problems is achieving the outcome towards which they are driving. In other words, there is no clear starting‐point (baseline measures) that can be monitored and tracked over time to ensure that the goal is being achieved, to encourage abandonment if the results are not favorable, or to revise the goal if the outcome is favorable. Notwithstanding, there are success stories in leveraging knowledge, but have businesses in the knowledge era truly institutionalized the identification, capture and leveraging of knowledge to adequately manage and control the intangible assets that contribute 70 percent of the value of a business? Originality/value Contains useful information on knowledge valuation.
A Criterion and Design for Space-Time Block Codes Achieving Full Diversity With Linear Receivers (2007)

In most of the existing space-time code designs, achieving full diversity is based on maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding at the receiver that is usually computationally expensive and may not have soft outputs. Recently, Zhang-Liu-Wong introduced Toeplitz codes and showed that Toeplitz codes achieve full diversity when a linear receiver, zero-forcing (ZF) or minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver, is used. Motivated from Zhang-Liu-Wong's results on Toeplitz codes, in this paper, we propose a design criterion for space-time block codes (STBC), in which information symbols and their complex conjugates are linearly embedded, to achieve full diversity when ZF or MMSE receiver is used. Subsequently, we propose a novel family of STBC that satisfy the criterion and thus achieve full diversity with ZF or MMSE receiver. Our newly proposed STBC are constructed by overlapping the 2times2 Alamouti code and hence named overlapped Alamouti codes in this paper. The new codes are close to orthogonal while their symbol rates can approach 1 for any number of transmit antennas. Simulation results show that overlapped Alamouti codes significantly outperform Toeplitz codes for all numbers of transmit antennas and also outperform orthogonal STBC (OSTBC) when the number of transmit antennas is above 4.
Analyzing the Shell Coal Gasification Ammonia and Methanol Integrated Production (2003)

Shell powder coal gasification is an advanced and mature process, which is also a trend of the cur-
rent coal gasification development. Ammonia and methanol integrated production with synthesis gas as raw ma-
terial is an excellent process route. A reasonable capacity of ammonia and methanol integrated production plant
can produce favourable economic benefit and improve product competition, by which the plant can be developed
as a comprehensive enterprise of fertilizer and fuel integrated production.
Active valves and pumps for microfluidics (1993)

Active microvalves and micropumps have been manufactured by combining membranes with LIGA structures of metal. These structures have been galvanized on thin titanium membranes. They have been covered by glass platelets to form cavities for microfluidic components. After separation from the substrate the cavities are tightly closed on one side by a thin micromembrane, which acts as a functional part of the fluidic component.
Should we maintain baby hatches in our society? (2013)

We argue that a certain number of baby hatches should continue to be established as a last resort, in a form that can maintain anonymity if the parent dropping the child off so desires. It should be supported if it is initiated with good intentions; if the maximum possible effort is made at said facility to protect the interests, rights, and safety of the child; and if no clear evidence of harm exists.
FPGA based 1 channel fiber optic analog signal link using 8B/10B encoding scheme (2014)

The paper presents the details of development of the fiber optic link that will be used to interconnect the various analog signals. Speciality of the link is that the analog signal of frequency up to 1 kHz is transmitted through digital technology. In order to resolve the problem of DC balance and clock/data recovery during the fiber optic data transmission, paper gives a simple and practical solution of 8B/10B encoding and decoding techniques. The paper also gives the solution of clock and data recovery (CDR) by using the 4×-oversampling based digital techniques. The design of 8B/10B encoder has been implemented on transmitter and 8B/10B decoder in receiver module. This solution gives a method of checking scheme and logic operation, through VHDL description language. The proposed circuit is simulated in Xilinx 14.2 ISE tool and implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA. The results obtained from the various tools are presented in this paper. For analog signal link, paper gives the interfacing of analog to digital convertor (ADC) with FPGA in transmitter module and digital to analog convertor (DAC) with FPGA in receiver module.
Laboratory Study of Permeability Evolution in a Tight' Sandstone under Non-Hydrostatic Stress Conditions (1998)

Abstract Hydrostatic and triaxial compression experiments have been conducted to investigate the evolution of fluid permeability and fluid storage capacity in Tennessee sandstone, a low- porosity tight' reservoir sandstone. A newly developed single-ended transient pulse permeability measurement technique has been used for this study. Under hydrostatic stress, both permeability and specific storage are demonstrated to be dependent upon effective confining pressure. The evolution of axial permeability as a function of increasing compressive deviatoric axal sttess has been investigated in triaxial compression experiments. All samples were deformed within the brittle faulting regime. Both permeability and specfic storage decrease during compaction, and subsequently increase when axially-aligned dilatant microcracking becomes dominant. Brittle failure is sometimes accompanied by a transient increase in permeability by as much as 1.5 orders of magnitude. Following brittle failure the permeability is controlled by the properties of the fault rock. Permeability decreases as stable sliding occurs on the fault up to large axial strains, such that the fault may act as an impermeable seal to migrating fluids. P. 329
A high-performance micromachined piezoresistive accelerometer with axially stressed tiny beams (2005)

A high-performance micromachined piezoresistive accelerometer, consisting of two axially stressed tiny beams combined with a central supporting cantilever, is developed for both much higher sensitivity and much broader bandwidth compared with conventional beam-mass piezoresistive accelerometers. With the pure axial-deformation scheme of the tiny beams, the developed accelerometer shows improvements in both sensitivity and resonant frequency. An analytic model is established for the pure axial-deformation condition of the tiny beams by adjusting the distance between the tiny beams and the central supporting cantilever. The specifications of the device, such as sensitivity and resonant frequency etc, are theoretically calculated. The analytic model is verified by using simulation of the finite element method (FEM), resulting in satisfactory agreement. Based on a figure of merit (the product of the sensitivity and the square of the resonant frequency), optimized design rules are obtained for the sensors of various measure-ranges from 0.25g to 25 000g. The accelerometers are fabricated by using silicon bulk micromachining technology. The formed 2.5g devices are characterized with a typical sensitivity of 106 mV/5 V/g and first mode resonant frequency of 1115 Hz. The testing results agree well with the design, thereby verifying the high performance of the proposed accelerometer. The developed sensors with the axially stressed tiny-beam scheme show obviously improved specifications, compared with previously published results.
Incidence of Acute Otitis Media and Sinusitis Complicating Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: The Effect of Age (2007)

Infants and young children are prone to developing upper respiratory tract infections, which often result in bacterial complications such as acute otitis media and sinusitis. We evaluated 623 upper respiratory tract infection episodes in 112 children (6-35 months of age) to determine the proportion of upper respiratory tract infection episodes that result in acute otitis media or sinusitis. Of all upper respiratory tract infections, 30% were complicated by acute otitis media and 8% were complicated by sinusitis. The rate of acute otitis media after upper respiratory tract infection declined with increasing age, whereas the rate of sinusitis after upper respiratory tract infection peaked in the second year of life. Risk for acute otitis media may be reduced substantially by avoiding frequent exposure to respiratory viruses (eg, avoidance of day care attendance) in the first year of life.
Automatic Real-Time Endocardial Edge Detection in Two-Dimensional Echocardiography (1983)

Previous approaches to automatic border recognition in two-dimensional echocardiography have utilized off-line computer image analysis. In this paper, we describe a hardware technique for real-time endocardial edge detection during the echocardiographic examination. This technique is based on a new method of line-by-line compensation for ultrasound attenuation. The detected edges and composite edge images can be displayed alone or superimposed upon the usual echocardiographic display. To test the accuracy of our real-time technique, we obtained echocardiograms of excised hearts and compared real-time edges with edges manually traced by an experienced observer. Left ventricular cavity areas and endocardial perimeters derived from real-time edges correlated well with those derived from observer-defined edges.
Cp*Ir Complex-Catalyzed <i>N</i>-Heterocyclization of Primary Amines with Diols:  A New Catalytic System for Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Cyclic Amines (2004)

[reaction: see text] A new efficient method for the N-heterocyclization of primary amines with diols catalyzed by a CpIr complex was developed. A variety of five-, six-, and seven-membered cyclic amines were synthesized in good to excellent yields with the formation of only water as a byproduct. A two-step asymmetric synthesis of (S)-2-phenylpiperidine was also achieved using (R)-1-phenylethylamine as a starting primary amine.
Swashplateless Helicopter Rotor System with Trailing-Edge Flaps for Flight and Vibration Controls (2006)

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the concept of active trailing-edge flaps as primary flight control and vibration reduction devices for a typical full-scale helicopter. A comprehensive rotorcraft analysis based on UMARC was developed to analyze the swashplateless rotor. A parametric study of various key design variables involved in the trailing-edge flap design was carried out. An optimal design of a trailing-edge flap system that provides effective control authority within the complete range of advance ratios as well as minimum actuation requirements was achieved. Trailing-edge flaps demonstrated the capability of performing both primary flight control and active vibration control functions. At a high forward speed (advance ratio of 0.32), the 4/rev vertical force and roll and pitch moments at hub are successfully eliminated (by 90%), and the 4/rev in-plane hub forces are reduced by more than 40%. The half peak-to-peak value of the trailing-edge flap deflection for primary flight control is 7.1 deg, and an additional 4.7 deg is required for active vibration control.
Marine Organic Chemistry. II. Synthesis of 3β,6α-Dihydroxy-5α-pregn-9(11)-en-20-one, the major Sapogenin of the Starfish <i>Asterias</i><i>forbesi</i> (1974)

A seven-step synthesis of 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregn-9(11)-en-20-one (7), starting from 11-oxoprogesterone, is presented.
Bond and Material Properties of Grade 270 and Grade 300 Prestressing Strands (2008)

The first objective of this thesis was to determine the material properties of grade 270 and grade 300 prestressing strand of various sizes. Tension tests were performed on each type of strand. The data from these tests was used to determine modulus of elasticity, yield stress, ultimate stress, and ultimate elongation for each strand. The yield stresses and ultimate stresses for many of the strands did not meet the requirements found in ASTM A416. The ultimate elongation results far exceeded the requirements and the measured elastic moduli were near the modulus recommended by AASHTO LRFD. A secondary objective from the tension tests was to evaluate a gripping method which used aluminum tubing to cushion the strands against notching. The grips performed very well. Most of the strand breaks did not occur in the grips and when a strand did break in the grips, the failure occurred after significant post-yield elongation. The second objective was to evaluate the bond properties of grade 270 and grade 300 prestressing strands. The North American Strand Producers (NASP) Bond Test and Large Block Pullout Test (LBPT) were performed on six different strand grade and strand size combinations. Both of the tests are simple pullout tests on untensioned strand. The results for each strand type were compared to one another as well as to measured transfer and development lengths from beams using the strand from the same reel. All of the strands showed sufficient bond in the beams, but one strand type did fail both the NASP Test and the LBPT. Both pullout tests were acceptable methods to evaluate strand surface condition and the benchmarks set for 0.5 in. diameter regular strand were conservative for the strands used in this thesis. Little difference was evident in the bond performance of grade 270 and grade 300 prestressing strand.
REVIEW ARTICLE Necrotizing fasciitis in captive juvenile Crocodylus porosus (2007)

SUMMARY We observed an outbreak of necrotizing fasciitis associated with Streptococcus agalactiae infection in a group of juvenile saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus). We undertook screening of crocodiles and the environment to clarify the source of the outbreak and evaluated the isolates cultured from post-mortem specimens with molecular methods to assess clonality and the presence of known group B streptococcal virulence determinants. The isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. They were a typical serotype Ia strain with the Ca-like protein gene, epsilon (or alpl), the mobile genetic elements IS381 ISSagl and ISSag2, and belonged to multi-locus sequence type (ST) 23. All of these characteristics suggest they were probably of human origin. We review the medical and veterinary literature relating to S. agalactiae necrotizing fasciitis, epidemiology and virulence determinants.
An optimization-based approach for passenger to shared taxi allocation (2012)

Taxis play a vital role in modern public transportation networks, especially in countries where public transportation services are still underdeveloped. Street hailing is the current common method for getting a taxi. Taxi drivers currently rely on a simple first come-first serve approach, with a high coefficient of luck controlling their profit. Problems arising from the current system are low taxi utilization, long passenger waiting times, road safety issues, and traffic congestion. In this paper, we present a system that improves the shared taxi service by benefiting both the taxi drivers and the passengers. The proposed system is based on a server that receives requests from passengers and effectively relates information to taxi drivers using smart phones with GPS capabilities and Internet access (3G/WIFI hotspots). In particular, information extracted from the passengers and the taxi drivers are sent to the server, which runs a novel scheduling algorithm that identifies the optimal taxi to pick up each passenger: the assigned taxi is provided with an optimal route that includes the sequence of drop-off and pickup locations. The server also monitors taxi movement patterns to gain insight into a city's general congestion levels. The presented system proposes a solution in the form of a reliable, efficient and inexpensive transportation service.