gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Novel Antioxidant Delivery System (2015)

Antioxidants have an important role in control and prevention of dangerous diseases like cancers, but instability and high solubility of the antioxidants are major challenges of pharmaceutical researchers. Thus, using a suitable carrier for an antioxidant can enhance the antioxidant stability and protect it from reacting with the other existing molecules in the blood circulation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely used as a carrier for therapeutic applications because of their suitable biological properties. This study attempts to improve the surface properties and increase antioxidant loading by functionaliztion of MSNs with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AP-MSNs) via post- synthesis grafting method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gallic acid (GA) was loaded into AP-MSNs. To optimize GA loading capacity, two effective parameters: GA concentration and embedding time were investigated. So different concentrations of GA in EtOH (1-50 mg/mL) were prepared and sampling was done in 24 and 48 h. Results showed that the best GA loading capacity was obtained at a concentration of 40 mg/mL in 48 h. The maximum GA loading capacity and entrapment efficiency were obtained 46 and 20%, respectively, determined by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
Power semiconductor devices for variable-frequency drives (1994)

Advances in power semiconductor technology are the driving force for enhancement of the performance of variable-frequency motor drives. The development of power semiconductor devices with MOS-gate structures has enabled the control of large amounts of energy with very little input power. An equally important advancement has taken place in the development of improved rectifiers with reduced losses for high-frequency operation. In addition, the advent of MOS-gated power switches has led to the creation of smart power technology which makes compact systems with built-in diagnostic and protection functions commercially feasible. Although the power semiconductor chips are all made from silicon today, recent analysis has indicated that devices fabricated from silicon carbide have the potential for completely displacing silicon devices in the long range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Control of OBC-LDC Integrated Circuit with Variable Turns Ratio for Electric Vehicles (2020)

This paper describes the new design and control of on-board charger (OBC) and low-voltage dc-dc converter (LDC) integrated circuit for electric vehicles (Evs), which operates in three modes. That is, it charges the high-voltage battery (HVB) by grid to vehicle (G2V) operation, and it supplies the energy of HVB to grid by vehicle to grid (V2G) operation. Also, the low-voltage battery (LVB) is charged via HVB. In conventional integrated circuit, the additional control is required to deal with the wide range of voltages for HVB operations in all modes. Moreover, it has the limitation to increase the power efficiency. To solve these problems, the new integrated circuit with variable turns ratio of transformer is proposed. Its main operation and design considerations are firstly analyzed. Then, its performance is evaluated by simulation test, and it is compared with that of conventional integrated circuit.
Amine control for DUV lithography: identifying hidden sources (2000)

The impact of airborne basic molecular contamination (MB) on the performance of chemically amplified (CA) resist systems has been a long standing problem. Low ppb levels of MB may be sufficient for robust 0.25 micrometer lithography with today's advanced CA resist systems combined with adequate chemical air filtration. However, with minimum CD targets heading below 150 nm, the introduction of new resist chemistries for Next Generation Lithography, and the trend towards thinner resists, the impact of MB at low and sub-ppb levels again becomes a critical manufacturing issue. Maximizing process control at aggressive feature sizes requires that the level of MB be maintained below a certain limit, which depends on such parameters as the sensitivity of the CA resist, the type of production tools, product mix, and process characteristics. Three approaches have been identified to reduce the susceptibility of CA resists to MB: effective chemical air filtration, modifications to resist chemistry/processing and cleanroom protocols involving MB monitoring and removal of MB sources from the fab. The final MB concentration depends on the effectiveness of filtration resources and on the total pollution originating from different sources in and out of the cleanroom. There are many well-documented sources of MB. Among these are: ambient air; polluted exhaust from other manufacturing areas re-entering the cleanroom through make-up air handlers; manufacturing process chemicals containing volatile molecular bases; certain cleanroom construction materials, such as paint and ceiling tiles; and volatile, humidifier system boiler additives (corrosion inhibitors), such as morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and dimethylaminoethanol. However, there is also an indeterminate number of other 'hidden' pollution sources, which are neither obvious nor well-documented. None of these sources are new, but they had little impact on earlier semiconductor manufacturing processes because the contamination levels are low enough that they were tolerable. The purpose of this article is to investigate some of these frequently overlooked sources of basic molecular contamination and to thereby increase the reader's awareness of their potential risks.
The Hegemony of Multiculturalism. A Comment on Will Kymlicka’s Theory of Nationalism (2001)

essays — is an excellent compendium to the thought of one of the most influential political philosophers of our times. While covering a number of disparate topics from the evolution of minority rights (section 1) over theories of ethno-cultural justice (section 2) and a defense of liberal nationalism (section 3) to the implications of the renaissance of nationalism and the emergence of multiculturalism for democratic citizenship (section 4), throughout the book one thread reappears over and over again: Kymlicka’s concern with and approval of what he calls liberal culturalism, i.e. liberal nationalism cum multiculturalism. Liberal nationalism for Kymlicka is the promotion of “the legitimate function of the state to protect and promote the national cultures and languages of the nations within its borders ” (Kymlicka 2001: 38). It is distinguished from “illiberal nationalism ” through the following characteristics:- it uses no coercion to impose a national identity;- it does not prohibit a mobilization against nationalism;- it embraces a fairly inclusive definition of a nation and, consequently a thinner conception of national identity;- it is non-aggressive, i.e. it does not try to dismantle institutions of other nationalities (Kymlicka 2001: 39-41) Nationalism in Kymlicka’s view is an integral part of a developed liberal democracy, because social justice, deliberative democracy, and individual freedom are most efficiently achieved
Recent Progress in Nanoparticle Dispersion Using Bead Mill (2016)

There is great demand for nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in liquid phases for practical applications of functional NP materials. However, it is difficult to produce NP dispersions with specific particle sizes, concentrations, viscosities, and purities on an industrial scale (large mass production rate and low energy consumption). In this review, we highlight recent developments in NP dispersion using low-energy bead mill. Such processes enable the use of small beads (7–50 μm). Smaller beads reduce the collision and shear energies of NPs during agitation. This minimizes NP breakage/damage, and retains the shape and crystallinity of the NPs, which determine the inherent NP functions. This review starts with a brief explanation of the theory and current status of NP dispersion and describes the mechanism and experimental results for low-energy bead mill processes, i.e., using uniaxial, dual-axial, and all-separator bead mills, and selection of dispersing agent. Applications of NP dispersions, including nanocomposite materials, and methods for dealing with NP dispersion coloration are also discussed, along with future research directions.
Feedback modulation of neural network synchrony and seizure susceptibility by Mdm2-p53-Nedd4-2 signaling (2016)

Together, our findings elucidate a critical role of Mdm2-p53-Nedd4-2 signaling underlying the regulation of neural network synchrony and seizure susceptibility and reveal potential therapeutic targets for hyperexcitability-associated neurological disorders.
Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Oxasilacyclopentane Acetals:  Application of the “Inside Attack” Model for Reactions of Five-Membered Ring Oxocarbenium Ions (2002)

The additions of nucleophiles to oxocarbenium ions derived from oxasilacyclopentane acetates proceeded with high diastereoselectivity in most cases. Sterically demanding nucleophiles such as the silyl enol ether of diethyl ketone add to the face opposite the C-2 substituent. These reactions establish the syn stereochemistry about the newly formed carbon-carbon bond. Small nucleophiles such as allyltrimethylsilane do not show this same stereochemical preference: they add from the same face as the substituent in C-2-substituted oxocarbenium ions. The stereoselectivities exhibited by both small and large nucleophiles can be understood by application of the "inside attack" model for five-membered ring oxocarbenium ions developed previously for tetrahydrofuran-derived cations. This stereoelectronic model requires attack of the nucleophile from the face of the cation that provides the products in their lower energy staggered conformations. Small nucleophiles add to the "inside" of the lower energy ground-state conformer of the oxocarbenium ion. In contrast, sterically demanding nucleophiles add to the inside of the envelope conformer where approach is anti to the C-2 substituent of the oxocarbenium ion, regardless of the ground-state conformer population.
Accelerated Quality Maturity of Engineered Systems (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The concept of accelerated quality maturity was implemented by Boeing for improvement of the quality and reliability of the avionics items of the 777 airplane and to minimize the potential occurrence of in-service avionics failures. Acceleration of the quality maturity process was recognized as an essential consideration in providing avionic system designs that would adequately support the commitment for initial service-readiness of the airplane.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Several innovative approaches were investigated as potential means to improve the initial quality maturity of avionics produced by Boeing Defense and Space Group Commercial Avionics Systems (CAS) for the 777 airplane. One of the methods assessed involves exposure of avionics items to high levels of thermal and vibration environmental stress testing to detect latent defects. Boeing interviewed several other industrial manufacturing companies that had successfully used adaptations of this approach for similar product quality improvement objectives. A variant of this method was implemented with electrical power parameter variation included in the procedures. A modest pilot program was used to develop and verify processes and procedures.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">All of the major avionics items produced by Boeing internally for the 777 airplane were tested using this approach. Significant improvements in product quality maturity were implemented as a result of this effort.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper is a report of the initial pilot program and the transfer of lessons learned for subsequent applications.</div>
Loopy SAM (2007)

Smoothing approaches to the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem in robotics are superior to the more common filtering approaches in being exact, better equipped to deal with non-linearities, and computing the entire robot trajectory. However, while filtering algorithms that perform map updates in constant time exist, no analogous smoothing method is available. We aim to rectify this situation by presenting a smoothingbased solution to SLAM using Loopy Belief Propagation (LBP) that can perform the trajectory and map updates in constant time except when a loop is closed in the environment. The SLAM problem is represented as a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) over which LBP is performed. We prove that LBP, in this case, is equivalent to Gauss-Seidel relaxation of a linear system. The inability to compute marginal covariances efficiently in a smoothing algorithm has previously been a stumbling block to their widespread use. LBP enables the efficient recovery of the marginal covariances, albeit approximately, of landmarks and poses. While the final covariances are overconfident, the ones obtained from a spanning tree of the GMRF are conservative, making them useful for data association. Experiments in simulation and using real data are presented.
Thymosin Beta4 Regulates Cardiac Valve Formation Via Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transformation in Zebrafish Embryos (2014)

Thymosin beta4 (TB4) has multiple functions in cellular response in processes as diverse as embryonic organ development and the pathogeneses of disease, especially those associated with cardiac coronary vessels. However, the specific roles played by TB4 during heart valve development in vertebrates are largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel function of TB4 in endothelialmesenchymal transformation (EMT) in cardiac valve endocardial cushions in zebrafish. The expressions of thymosin family members in developing zebrafish embryos were determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Of the thymosin family members only zTB4 was expressed in the developing heart region. Cardiac valve development at 48 h post fertilization was defected in zebrafish TB4 (zTB4) morpholino-injected embryos (morphants). In zTB4 morphants, abnormal linear heart tube development was observed. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, notch1b, and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) 2 genes were also markedly reduced in atrio-ventricular canal (AVC). Endocardial cells in the AVC region were stained with anti-Zn5 antibody reactive against Dm-grasp (an EMT marker) to observe EMT in developing cardiac valves in zTB4 morphants. EMT marker expression in valve endothelial cells was confirmed after transfection with TB4 siRNA in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Zn5-positive endocardial AVC cells were not observed in zTB4 morphants, and knockdown of TB4 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in ovine valve endothelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TB4 plays a pivotal role in cardiac valve formation by increasing EMT.1.
Evaluating Dopamine Reward Pathway in ADHD (2009)

A reduction in dopamine synaptic markers associated with symptoms of inattention was shown in the dopamine reward pathway of participants with ADHD.
Cutinases: properties and industrial applications. (2009)

Cutinases, also known as cutin hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.74) are enzymes first discovered from phytopathogenic fungi that grow on cutin as the sole carbon source. Cutin is a complex biopolymer composed of epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids, and forms the structural component of higher plants cuticle. These enzymes share catalytic properties of lipases and esterases, presenting a unique feature of being active regardless the presence of an oil-water interface, making them interesting as biocatalysts in several industrial processes involving hydrolysis, esterification, and trans-esterification reactions. Cutinases present high stability in organic solvents and ionic liquids, both free and microencapsulated in reverse micelles. These characteristics allow the enzyme application in different areas such as food industry, cosmetics, fine chemicals, pesticide and insecticide degradation, treatment and laundry of fiber textiles, and polymer chemistry. The present chapter describes the characteristics, potential applications, and new perspectives for these enzymes.
Role of leucine residues in the C‐terminal region of human interleukin‐6 in the biological activity (1992)

Site-directed mutagenesis of two sets of three periodic leucine residues which appear at every seventh position in the C-terminal region of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) was performed. Both receptor-binding and immunoglobulin (Ig)-induction activities of a triple mutant Leu168,175,182-->Val were only 1% compared with those of wild-type IL-6. However, the mutant Leu152,159,166-->Val had 13% receptor-binding and 2% Ig-induction activities of those of wild-type IL-6. In order to obtain more direct information on the receptor-binding region, we prepared two synthetic peptides. A significant binding activity was observed for the peptide Leu168-Met185, but not for the peptide Leu152-Arg169. These results indicate that leucine residues in the C-terminal region, especially Leu168, Leu175, and Leu182, play an important role in the receptor-binding and Ig-induction activities.
The Callimachus project: RDFa as a web template language (2012)

Abstract. The uptake of semantic technology depends on the availability of simple tools that enable Web developers to build complete applications, with particular emphasis on the last mile, the user interface. RDFa is a vocabulary for adding semantic annotations to standard XHTML and HTML5 documents. This allows the page to contain machine-readable content that is easier to find and mashable with other content. This paper describes Callimachus, an Open Source project that turns this idea around, using RDFa as a template language for the bulk generation of human-readable Web pages from machine-readable RDF data. Most existing template engines generate Web pages by combining the template with query results from a relational database. In the Callimachus template engine, XHTML+RDFa templates pass through an RDFa parser and are then compiled into SPARQL for evaluation against an RDF database. The result set is combined with the template to produce a Web page populated with RDF data, retaining the embedded RDFa. This paper evaluates the benefits and shortcomings of RDFa as a template language, and examines the relationship between Callimachus and the adoption of Web standards such as RDFa.
Extracting named entity translingual equivalence with limited resources (2003)

In this article we present an automatic approach to extracting Hindi-English (H-E) Named Entity (NE) translingual equivalences from bilingual parallel corpora. In the absence of a Hindi NE tagger or H-E translation dictionary, this approach adapts a Chinese-English (C-E) surface string transliteration model for H-E NE extraction. The model is initially trained using automatically extracted C-E NE pairs, then iteratively updated based on newly extracted H-E NE pairs. For each English person and location NE in each sentence pair, this approach searches for its Hindi correspondence with minimum transliteration cost and constructs an H-E NE list from the bilingual corpus. Experiments show that this approach extracted 1000 H-E NE pairs with a precision of 91.8%.
Miniaturized Suspended Stripline Filters for Integration into Extended Circuits (2006)

A novel concept is presented to incorporate suspended stripline filters into extended circuits. To this end, the filters are designed with integrated transitions to microstrip. The necessary channel for suspended stripline is formed by a grove in the carrier plate and a small cap above the filter; the two parts of the channel are connected by rows of vias. Four example filters are presented to prove the concept - a lowpass filter with two transmission zeroes, an extremely broadband highpass filter, and a narrowband as well as an UWB bandpass filter
Two-Level Automatic Adaptation of a Distributed User Profile for Personalized News Content Delivery (2008)

This paper presents a distributed client-server architecture for the personalized delivery of textual news content to mobile users. The user profile consists of two separate models, that is, the long-term interests are stored in a skeleton profile on the server and the short-term interests in a detailed profile in the handset. The user profile enables a high-level filtering of available news content on the server, followed by matching of detailed user preferences in the handset. The highest rated items are recommended to the user, by employing an efficient ranking process. The paper focuses on a two-level learning process, which is employed on the client side in order to automatically update both user profile models. It involves the use of machine learning algorithms applied to the implicit and explicit user feedback. The system's learning performance has been systematically evaluated based on data collected from regular system users.
Fast polynomial factorization over high algebraic extensions of finite fields (1997)

New algorithms are presented for factoring polynomials of degree n over the finite field of q elements, where q is a power of a fixed prime number. When log q = n, where a > 0 is constant, these algorithms are asymptotically faster than previous known algorithms, the fastest of which required time Ω(n(log q)), or Ω(n) in this case, which corresponds to the cost of computing x modulo an n degree polynomial. The new algorithms factor an arbitrary polynomial in time O(n+n). All measures are in fixed precision operations, that is in bit complexity. Moreover, in the special case where all the irreducible factors have the same degree, the new algorithms run in time O(n). In particular, one may test a polynomial for irreducibility in O(n) bit operations. These results generalize to the case where q = p, where p is a small prime number relative to q.
Intracoronary Delivery of Injectable Bioabsorbable Scaffold (IK-5001) to Treat Left Ventricular Remodeling After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01226563.
Determination of steady state and nonsteady-state glycerol kinetics in humans using deuterium-labeled tracer (1987)

Using deuterium-labeled glycerol as tracer and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for the determination of isotopic enrichment, we have developed a simple and ethically acceptable method of determining glycerol appearance rate in humans under steady-state and nonsteady-state conditions. In normal subjects, the appearance rate of glycerol in the post-absorptive state was 2.22 +/- 0.20 mumol X kg-1 X min-1, a value in agreement with those reported in studies with radioactively labeled tracers. The ratio nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance rate/glycerol appearance rate ranged from 1.95 to 3.40. In insulin-dependent diabetic patients with a mild degree of metabolic control, the appearance rate of glycerol was 2.48 +/- 0.29 mumol X kg-1 X min-1. The volume of distribution of glycerol, determined by the bolus injection technique, was (mean) 0.306 l X kg-1 in normal subjects and 0.308 l X kg-1 in insulin-independent diabetic patients. To evaluate the usefulness of the method for determination of glycerol kinetics in nonsteady-state conditions, we infused six normal subjects with natural glycerol and calculated the isotopically determined glycerol appearance rate using a single compartment model (volume of distribution 0.31 l X kg-1). During these tests, the expected glycerol appearance rates were successively 5.03 +/- 0.33, 7.48 +/- 0.39, 9.94 +/- 0.34, 7.48 +/- 0.39, and 5.03 +/- 0.33 mumol +/- kg-1 X min-1, whereas the corresponding isotopically determined appearance rates were 4.62 +/- 0.45, 6.95 +/- 0.56, 10.85 +/- 0.51, 7.35 +/- 0.34, and 5.28 +/- 0.12 mumol X kg-1 X min-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)