gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of imidazole and indomethacin on fluid balance in isolated sheep lungs (1985)

We determined the effects of extracorporeal perfusion with a constant flow (75 ml . min-1 . kg-1) of autologous blood on hemodynamics and fluid balance in sheep lungs isolated in situ. After 5 min, perfusate leukocyte and platelet counts fell by two-thirds. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) increased to a maximum of 32.0 +/- 3.4 Torr at 30 min and thereafter fell. Lung lymph flow (QL), measured from the superior thoracic duct, and perfusate thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations followed similar time courses but lagged behind Ppa, reaching maxima of 4.1 +/- 1.2 ml/h and 2.22 +/- 0.02 ng/ml at 60 min. Lung weight gain, measured as the opposite of the weight change of the extracorporeal reservoir, and perfusate 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) concentration increased rapidly during the first 60 min and then more gradually. After 210 min, weight gain was 224 +/- 40 g and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration, 4.99 +/- 0.01 ng/ml. The ratio of lymph to plasma oncotic pressure (pi L/pi P) at 30 min was 0.61 +/- 0.06 and did not change significantly. Imidazole (5 mM) reduced the changes in TXB2, Ppa, QL, and weight and platelet count but did not alter 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, pi L/pi P, or leukocyte count. Indomethacin (0.056 mM) reduced TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and the early increases in weight, Ppa, and QL but did not alter the time courses of leukocyte or platelet counts. Late in perfusion, however, Ppa and QL were greater than in either untreated or imidazole-treated lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TLR4 antagonist reduces early-stage atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (2012)

Although it has been reported that deficiency of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is associated with reduced atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone mice and attenuated pro-inflammatory state in diabetic mice, it remains undetermined whether treatment with a TLR4 antagonist reduces atherosclerosis in nondiabetic or diabetic mice that have TLR4 expression. In this study, we determined the effect of Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipopolysaccharide (Rs-LPS), an established TLR4 antagonist, on early-stage atherosclerosis in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mice. Analysis of atherosclerotic lesions of both en face aortas and cross sections of aortic roots showed that administration of Rs-LPS in 14-week-old diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice for 10 weeks significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions. Although atherosclerotic lesions in nondiabetic Apoe(-/-) mice appeared to be decreased by Rs-LPS treatment, the difference was not statistically significant. Metabolic study showed that Rs-LPS significantly lowered serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in nondiabetic mice but not in diabetic mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry studies showed that Rs-LPS inhibited the expression of interleukin 6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and reduced the content of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that TLR4 antagonist inhibited vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice and lowered serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in nondiabetic Apoe(-/-) mice.
Isolation and Characterization of the Putative Nuclear Modifier Gene MTO1 Involved in the Pathogenesis of Deafness-associated Mitochondrial 12 S rRNA A1555G Mutation (2002)

The human mitochondrial 12 S rRNA A1555G mutation has been found to be associated with aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic deafness. However, putative nuclear modifier gene(s) have been proposed to regulate the phenotypic expression of this mutation. In yeast, the mutant alleles of MTO1, encoding a mitochondrial protein, manifest respiratory-deficient phenotype only when coupled with the mitochondrial 15 S rRNA P(R)454 mutation corresponding to human A1555G mutation. This suggests that the MTO1-like modifier gene may influence the phenotypic expression of human A1555G mutation. Here we report the identification of full-length cDNA and elucidation of genomic organization of the human MTO1 homolog. Human Mto1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that implicates a role in the mitochondrial tRNA modification. Functional conservation of this protein is supported by the observation that isolated human MTO1 cDNA can complement the respiratory deficient phenotype of yeast mto1 cells carrying P(R)454 mutation. MTO1 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, but with a markedly elevated expression in tissues of high metabolic rates including cochlea. These observations suggest that human MTO1 is a structural and functional homolog of yeast MTO1. Thus, it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of deafness-associated A1555G mutation in 12 S rRNA gene or mutations in tRNA genes.
BINDING OF MEAT PIECES: A COMPARISON OF MYOSIN, ACTOMYOSIN AND SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS AS BINDING AGENTS (1977)

ABSTRACT Suspensions of myosin, actomyosin and sarcoplasmic protein, isolated from beef semitendinosus muscle, were prepared at several protein concentrations and with various amounts of added sodium chloride up to 1.4M. An aliquot from each suspension was pressed between two pieces of muscle of fixed cross‐sectional area and cooked. Binding strength was estimated from the force required to separate the meat pieces. At salt concentrations up to 1M the binding strength of myosin was superior to that of actomyosin (P = 0.05 – 0.001), and that of sarcoplasmic protein was too low to be measured by the techniques that were used. However in the absence of added sodium chloride, a mixture of sarcoplasmic protein and myosin had greatest (P = 0.05) binding strength.
Calcium-induced insulin release in monolayer culture of the endocrine pancreas. Studies with ionophore A23187. (1975)

The role of Ca2+ on insulin release has been studied by the use of ionophore A23187. The ionophore complexes divalent cations and permits Ca2+ entry into cells by acting as a carrier in the plasma membranes. Cultured cells obtained by enzymatic digestion of pancreases from newborn rats were studied on the 3rd day of culture. With Ca2+ in the incubation medium the ionophore induced sustained insulin release even in the absence of glucose. Optimal effects of the ionophore were observed at 3 and 10 mug per ml in the presence of 0.3 to 1.0 mM Ca-2+. Under these conditions the insulin release was greater than that caused by 16.7 mM glucose. A graded response was observed to changes in Ca-2+ concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 mM Ca-2+. Higher Ca-2+ concentrations caused a large amount of insulin to be released promptly, but the release was not sustained. Mg-2+ and Sr-2+ were not found to substitute for Ca-2+. Ba-2+ at 0.3 mM stimulated insulin release even in the absence of ionophore. Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate was able to increase ionophore-induced insulin release. The alpha-adrenergic effect of epinephrine to inhibit insulin release was not observed in the presence of Ca-2+ and the ionophore, and a stimulatory effect of epinephrine was seen. This unusual stimulatory effect of epinephrine was blocked by propranolol indicating a beta-adrenergic mechanism for epinephrine. It is concluded that Ca-2+, which plays an essential role in the stimulus-secretion coupling, can alone initiate and cause sustained insulin release.
A Device to Pipet and Dilute Fluid Semi-Automatically (1961)

A Device to Pipet and Dilute Fluid Semi-Automatically Get access Thomas V. Feichtmeir, M.D., Thomas V. Feichtmeir, M.D. 1Veterans Administration Hospital and University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenneth D. Jenkins, M.S., Kenneth D. Jenkins, M.S. 1Veterans Administration Hospital and University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Daniel M. Baer, M.D. Daniel M. Baer, M.D. 1Veterans Administration Hospital and University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 35, Issue 4_ts, April 1961, Pages 378–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/35.4_ts.378 Published: 01 April 1961 Article history Received: 21 September 1960 Accepted: 05 December 1960 Published: 01 April 1961
Continuously apodized fiber-to-chip surface grating coupler with refractive index engineered subwavelength structure (2010)

We demonstrate a fully etched, continuously apodized fiber-to-chip surface grating coupler for the first time (to our knowledge). The device is fabricated in a single-etch step and operates with TM-polarized light, achieving a coupling efficiency of 3.7 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 60 nm. A subwavelength microstructure is employed to generate an effective medium engineered to vary the strength of the grating and thereby maximize coupling efficiency, while mitigating backreflections at the same time. Minimum feature size is 100 nm for compatibility with deep-UV 193 nm lithography.
Highly birefringent terahertz polarization maintaining plastic photonic crystal fibers (2008)

Guided-wave propagation of sub-ps terahertz (THz) pulses in a highly birefringent plastic photonic crystal fiber was studied by using a THz time domain spectroscopy technique. The plastic photonic crystal fiber was fabricated by using high density polyethylene tubes and solid filaments. The fabricated THz plastic photonic crystal fibers exhibit an extremely large birefringence of ~ 2.1 x 10(-2), which is almost one order of magnitude larger than that of previously reported photonic crystal fibers.
Solving the Convergence Problem in the Synthesis of Triantennary N-Glycan Relevant to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) (2012)

The first total synthesis of triantennary, fully sialylated N-glycan of complex type is described. Two strategies for installation of sialylated antennae are explored, and both approaches converge on a global glycosylation step that delivers the desired tetradecasaccharide in good yields.
Adapting materialized views after redefinitions (1995)

We consider a variant of the view maintenance problem: How does one keep a materialized view up-to-date when the view definition itself changes? Can one do better than recomputing the view from the base relations? Traditional view maintenance tries to maintain the materialized view in response to modifications to the base relations; we try to "adapt" the view in response to changes in the view definition.Such techniques are needed for applications where the user can change queries dynamically and see the changes in the results fast. Data archaeology, data visualization, and dynamic queries are examples of such applications.We consider all possible redefinitions of SQL SELECT-FROM-WHERE-GROUPBY, UNION, and EXCEPT views, and show how these views can be adapted using the old materialization for the cases where it is possible to do so. We identify extra information that can be kept with a materialization to facilitate redefinition. Multiple simultaneous changes to a view can be handled without necessarily materializing intermediate results. We identify guidelines for users and database administrators that can be used to facilitate efficient view adaptation.
Remote Biosensor for In-Situ MOnitoring of Organophosphate Nerve Agents (1999)

A remote electrochemical biosensor for field monitoring of organophosphate nerve agents is described. The new sensor relies on the coupling of the effective biocatalytic action of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) with a submersible amperometric probe design. This combination results in a fast, sensitive, selective, and stable response at large sample-instrument distances. Such attractive performance is illustrated for direct measurements of micromolar levels of paraoxon and methyl parathion in untreated river water samples. Unlike multi-step inhibition biosensors, the remote OPH probe offers single-step direct measurements, and is thus highly suitable for the continuous monitoring task. Variables relevant to field operations are discussed, along with prospects for remote monitoring and early detection of nerve agents.
Analysis of laser metal cut energy process window and improvement of Cu link process by unique fast rise time laser pulse (2004)

In this work, we show that the stress-relief effect caused by breakthrough of passivation by upper cracks as well as the mechanism of the laser cutting process by using finite element modeling. With this understanding of stress-relief effect, a unique laser pulse with fast rise and fall time was considered for the Cu link structure in the simulation. Results show that the fast rise time laser heats up the upper part of a link rapidly and promotes fast top-oxide cracking, which relieves stress around the metallization faster and thereby avoids undesirable lower-corner cracking. A useful guideline is obtained for the maximum laser energy process window through finite element modeling.
Heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production: current status and future challenges (2009)

The reduction of oil resources and the consequent increasing price of oil distillates as well as the environmental concerns of conventional fuels has renewed and increased interest on the preparation of biofuels from renewable resources. One of those interests is nowadays focused on biodiesel, which is usually prepared from crude and refined triglyceride containing raw materials, such as vegetable oils, animal fats and wastes—for instance waste cooking oil and yellow and brown grease. Since several commercial interests converge on this kind of feedstock, one of the priorities being crops for human food supply, the research efforts on biodiesel production are diverting towards the use of low quality triglyceride-containing raw materials. Nevertheless, all of these feedstocks feature high water and free fatty acids (FFAs) content, which strongly affects the behaviour of conventional homogeneous base catalysts. These catalysts are primarily NaOH and KOH, but also NaOCH3 and KOCH3 are employed—as solutions in methanol—mainly in large-scale production plants. In this context, an appropriate solid acid catalyst which could simultaneously carry out esterification of FFAs and transesterification of triglycerides would be of great interest for biodiesel production. Moreover, a heterogeneous acid catalyst could be easily incorporated into a packed bed continuous flow reactor, simplifying product separation and purification and reducing waste generation. The present review attempts to provide a wide overview on the possibility of heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production replacing the homogeneous conventional process. In this way, three aspects of solid acid catalysis for biodiesel production will be reviewed. The first section deals with the solid acid-catalyzed esterification of FFAs, the second topic relates to the transesterification of triglycerides, while the third deals with solid acid-catalyzed transformation of bioglycerol into oxygenated compounds for biodiesel formulation.
Purification and properties of phospholipase D from Actinomadura sp. strain No. 362. (1987)

An extracellular phospholipase D from Actinomadura sp. Strain No. 362 was purified about 430-fold from the culture filtrate. The purified enzyme preparation was judged to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the enzyme were estimated to be about 50, 000-60, 000 and 6.4, respectively. The enzyme was most active at pH 5.5 and 50°C in the presence of Triton X-100, but showed the highest activity at pH 7.0 and 60-70°C in its absence. The enzyme was stable up to 30°C at pH 7.2 and also stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 on 2hr incubation at 25°C. With regard to substrate specificity, this enzyme hydrolysed lecithin best among the phospholipids tested. It was activated by Fe3+, A13+, Mn2+, Ca2+, diethyl ether, sodium deoxycholate and Triton X-100, but was inhibited by cetyl pyridinium chloride and dodecylsulfate.
Synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives of 2-pyrazolines (2007)

2-Pyrazolines 7-12 bearing a carboxylic acid ester or a carboxamide side-chain have been prepared by treatment of the appropriate chalcone derivatives 2-6 with hydrazine hydrate or phenylhydrazine in hot acetic acid. 1-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-2-pyrazolines 24-30 and 1-(4carboxyphenyl)-2-pyrazolines 31-41 were synthesized by the reaction of chalcones with (2carboxyphenyl)hydrazine and (4-carboxyphenyl)hydrazine in hot acetic acid. Structures of all new compounds have been elucidated by microanalyses, 1 H-, 13 C-NMR and IR spectroscopic measurements.
The Potential of High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in the Pathologic Analysis of Resected Breast and Lymph Tissue (2015)

Pathologic evaluation of breast specimens requires a fixation and staining procedure of at least 12 hours duration, delaying diagnosis and post-operative planning. Here we introduce an MRI technique with a custom-designed radiofrequency resonator for imaging breast and lymph tissue with sufficient spatial resolution and speed to guide pathologic interpretation and offer value in clinical decision making. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to image breast and lymphatic tissue using 7.0 Tesla MRI, achieving a spatial resolution of 59 × 59 × 94 μm(3) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 15-20, in an imaging time of 56 to 70 minutes. These are the first MR images to reveal characteristic pathologic features of both benign and malignant breast and lymph tissue, some of which were discernible by blinded pathologists who had no prior training in high resolution MRI interpretation.
Enantio‐ and Chemoselective Differentiation of Protected α‐Amino Acids and β‐Homoamino Acids with a Single Copper(II) Host (2012)

The association between an achiral copper(II)-containing host 1 and chiral carboxylates has been expanded beyond previous studies to new chiral carboxylate guests, both α-amino acids and β-homoamino acids. The observed exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) signals for the enantiomers of each carboxylate were equal and opposite, and these signals differed in size and shape between the individual amino acids. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied as a statistical analysis technique to differentiate the amino acids, both enantioselectively and chemoselectively, giving the absolute configuration and identity of the amino acid. The identity of each of the α-amino acids and β-homoamino acids were determined independently by LDA, and then the two were considered together. Each of these analyses showed good differentiation of the amino acid guests with the use of only one host molecule.
Interaction between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures: current status and prospective directions (2019)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing treatment is one of the most efficient conventional matrix stimulation techniques currently utilized in the petroleum industry. However, due to the spatiotemporal complex nature of fracture propagation in a naturally- and often times systematically fractured media, the influence of natural fractures (NF) and in situ stresses on hydraulic fracture (HF) initiation and propagation within a reservoir during the hydrofracturing process remains an important issue. Over the past 50 years of advances in the understanding of HF–NF interactions, no comprehensive revision of the state of the knowledge exists. Here, we reviewed over 140 scientific articles on investigations of HF–NF interactions, published over the past 50 years. We highlight the most commonly observed HF–NF interactions and their implications for unconventional oil and gas production. Using observational and quantitative analyses, we find that numerical modeling and simulation is the most prominent method of approach, whereas there are less publications on the experimental approach, and analytical method is the least utilized approach. Further, we suggest how HF–NF interactions can be monitored in real time on the field during a pre-frac test. Lastly, based on the results of our literature review, we recommend promising areas of investigation that may provide more profound insights into HF–NF interactions in such a way that can be directly applied to the optimization of fracture-stimulation field operations.
The Effect of Dyes on the Flammability of Cotton Fabric. 1 (1974)

A study has been initiated of the effect of dyes on the flammability of cotton fabric. The initial phase reported here concerns the effects of dyes alone on all-cotton fabric, with representative dyes being selected from the reactive, sulfur, vat, ingrain, direct, and acid classes and from the fluorescent brightening agents. The level of Rammability of the dyed fahrics was measured by the oxygen index technique; thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere was followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Many of the dyes increased oxygen index over that of the undyed fabric. Dyes also markedly influenced the path of thermal degradation.
Polymerization of cyclic monomers, 2. Synthesis and radical polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes (1996)

Abstract New 1,1‐disubstituted 2‐vinylcyclopropanes were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding malonyl diesters with trans ‐1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butene and of sodium hydride. The structure of the 2‐vinylcyclopropanes could be confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Radical polymerization of the 2‐vinylcyclopropanes in bulk with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and di‐ tert ‐butyl peroxide (DtBPO), respectively, gives transparent polymers. In case of the liquid monomers, the polymerization is accompanied by negative volume changes. Spectroscopic investigations show that 2‐vinylcyclopropanes primarily undergo opening of the cyclopropane ring forming an 1,5‐addition polymer.
Lowering Data Dimensionality in Big Data for the Benefit of Precision Agriculture (2015)

Abstract Predictive analytics can be used to make smarter decisions in farming by collecting real-time data on weather, soil and air quality, crop maturity and even equipment and labor costs and availability. This is known as precision agriculture. Big data is expected to play an important role in precision agriculture for managing real-time data analysis with massive streaming data. The data analysis efficiency and throughput would be a challenge with the massive increase in size of big data. The unstructured streaming data received from different agricultural sources would contain multiple dimensions and not the entire content is needed for performing analysis. The core data which is small but that alone enough to represent the entire content should be extracted. This paper explains how to systematically reduce the size of big data by applying a tensor based feature reduction model. The data decomposition and core value extraction is done with the help of IHOSVD algorithm. This way it reduces the overall file size by eliminating unwanted data dimensions. The time involved in data analysis and CPU usage will be significantly reduced when dimensionality reduced data is used in place of raw (unprocessed) data.
Microscale Chaotic Advection Enables Robust Convective DNA Replication (2013)

The ability of chaotic advection under microscale confinement to direct chemical processes along accelerated kinetic pathways has been recognized for some time. However, practical applications have been slow to emerge because optimal results are often counterintuitively achieved in flows that appear to possess undesirably high disorder. Here we present a 3D time-resolved analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated DNA replication across a broad ensemble of geometric states. The resulting parametric map reveals an unexpectedly wide operating regime where reaction rates remain constant over 2 orders of magnitude of the Rayleigh number, encompassing virtually any realistic PCR condition (temperature, volume, gravitational alignment), a level of robustness previously thought unattainable in the convective format.