gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ, But Not Fas, Mediates Reduction of Allergen-Induced Mucous Cell Metaplasia by Inducing Apoptosis (2002)

Inflammatory responses induced by allergen exposure cause mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) by differentiation of existing and proliferating epithelial cells into mucus-storing cells. Airway epithelia have various mechanisms that resolve these changes to form normal airway epithelia. In this report, we first investigated the state of mucous cell metaplasia and the mechanisms by which MCM is reduced despite continued exposures to allergen. After 5 days of allergen exposure, extensive MCM had developed but was reduced when allergen challenge was continued for 15 days. During this exposure period, IL-13 levels decreased and IFN-gamma levels increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, IL-13 levels decreased but IFN-gamma was not detected at any time point during the resolution of MCM following cessation of allergen exposure. Instillation of IFN-gamma but not anti-Fas caused accelerated resolution of MCM and MCM was not resolved in Stat1-deficient mice exposed to allergen for 15 days, confirming that IFN-gamma is crucial for reducing MCM during prolonged exposures to allergen. IFN-gamma but not anti-Fas induced apoptotic cell death in proliferating normal human bronchial epithelial cells and in human bronchial epithelial cells from subjects with asthma. The apoptotic effect of IFN-gamma was caspase dependent and was inhibited by IL-13, indicating that the Th2 milieu in asthmatics may maintain MCM by preventing cell death in metaplastic mucous cells. These studies could be useful in the understanding of deficiencies leading to chronicity in airway changes and designing novel therapies to reverse MCM and airway obstruction in asthmatics.
Velocity measurement using the phase shift of a laser-induced grating (1990)

We have developed a simple and general technique for measuring the flow velocity over a wide range of values. It involves creating a cw light-induced grating and measuring the velocity-induced phase shift occurring in a known time period. It uses polarization spectroscopy and optical heterodyne detection with two beams from a single cw laser. Measurements are made of the two spatial phase components of the induced steady-state grating, and their ratio determines the velocity. Because a ratio is computed, the effects of many possible error sources cancel out. We have demonstrated this method for an approximately 1-m/sec flow of ethanol seeded with an absorbing, nonfluorescing dye.
Degree of stereochemical control of racemic ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride/methyl aluminoxane catalyst and properties of anisotactic polypropylenes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegree of stereochemical control of racemic ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride/methyl aluminoxane catalyst and properties of anisotactic polypropylenesBernhard Rieger, X. Mu, D. T. Mallin, James C. W. Chien, and Marvin D. RauschCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 15, 3559–3568Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00217a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MICRA: A Compact Permanent Magnet Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (2004)

MICRA, a compact Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer is described. The amount of miniaturisation in this device, based on a 1.24 T permanent magnet, remains compatible with genuine FT-ICR performance and analytical power in the mass range 2-1000 m/z, with a mass resolving power of 73,000 at mass 132. A first application of the transportability is the repetitive coupling of MICRA with a large-scale source of IR photons, the free electron laser CLIO.
Quantitative Descriptors of Corneal Topography (1991)

Quantitative descriptors of corneal topography determined by computerized algorithm and designed to augment the information derived from topographic maps were evaluated in a clinical study. The surface regularity index, a measure of central corneal optical quality, was highly correlated with best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (rho = 0.80, P less than .001). The relatively low correlation between the surface asymmetry index, a measure of central corneal asymmetry, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (rho = 0.62, P less than .005) suggests that corneal symmetry is a lesser but still important determinant of the optical performance of the anterior corneal surface. There was also a high correlation between factors determined from computer-generated orthogonal simulated keratometer values and clinical keratometry values (mean corneal power, total corneal cylinder, and the location of the steepest corneal meridian). The information derived from these algorithms has both clinical and research applications and can be incorporated into computer-assisted topographic analysis systems.
An efficient algorithms for Tate pairing computation (2007)

The Weil and Tate pairings have found several new applications in cryptography. In most of these applications, the Weil pairing or Tate pairing of supersingular elliptic curves are essential tools. Therefore efficient computation of the Weil or Tate pairings are crucial factors for practical applications of the cryptographic protocols based pairings. The Weil pairing is thought one of two applications of the Tate pairing. Thus to compute the Weil pairing is more slow than the Tate pairing. To efficiently implement these cryptosystems it is necessary to optimize the computation time for the Tate pairing. This paper presents a new algorithm for computing Tate pairing, which is faster than Miller’s algorithm that is the best-known general method. Finally, the computation cost of the new algorithm is compared with Miller’s algorithm.
Engineering of Polyploid <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for Secretion of Large Amounts of Fungal Glucoamylase (2002)

We engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that produce large amounts of fungal glucoamylase (GAI) from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi. To do this, we used the delta-sequence-mediated integration vector system and the heat-induced endomitotic diploidization method. delta-Sequence-mediated integration is known to occur mainly in a particular chromosome, and the copy number of the integration is variable. In order to construct transformants carrying the GAI gene on several chromosomes, haploid cells carrying the GAI gene on different chromosomes were crossed with each other. The cells were then allowed to form spores, which was followed by dissection. Haploid cells containing GAI genes on multiple chromosomes were obtained in this way. One such haploid cell contained the GAI gene on five chromosomes and exhibited the highest GAI activity (5.93 U/ml), which was about sixfold higher than the activity of a cell containing one gene on a single chromosome. Furthermore, we performed heat-induced endomitotic diploidization for haploid transformants to obtain polyploid mater cells carrying multiple GAI genes. The copy number of the GAI gene increased in proportion to the ploidy level, and larger amounts of GAI were secreted.
Gas source MBE grown InGaAs(P)N/InP long wavelength (λ&lt;1.65 μm) photodetectors using a solid as source (2002)

Summary form only given. We have recently demonstrated that incorporation of nitrogen into InGaAs may extend the wavelength of InP based photodetectors beyond 1.65 /spl mu/m and reported the first lattice matched InGaAsPN based photodetectors on InP with cutoff wavelengths extending beyond 1.65 /spl mu/m. We propose that the relatively low quantum efficiency and high dark current for these InGaAsPN detectors was due to the N-H complex formation and local strain induced defects. These results indicate that high temperature annealed InGaAsPN materials grown by solid source As are promising for use in detectors with response /spl lambda/<5 /spl mu/m.
High power dye lasers (1975)

Abstract : This report discusses the development of a high average power, flashlamp pumped dye laser. This program has resulted in the development of a dye laser with a power output of 102 watts at a repetition rate of 250 Hz. This was made possible by the development of a vortex stabilized flashlamp that can be operated at high average power and high repetition rate. The report discusses the properties of the flashlamp in detail and describes two laser configurations that were tested, a longitudinal dye flow laser and a transverse dye flow laser. A pulse compression scheme to obtain a high time resolution with a long laser pulse is presented and some preliminary experiments are described.
Effectiveness of a Quartz Rod as a Light Depolarizer (1969)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. L. Portigal, "Effectiveness of a Quartz Rod as a Light Depolarizer," Appl. Opt. 8, 838-839 (1969) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Fully Enclosed Rolling Spherical Structure for Harvesting Low‐Frequency Water Wave Energy (2015)

Water waves are increasingly regarded as a promising source for large‐scale energy applications. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been recognized as one of the most promising approaches for harvesting wave energy. This work examines a freestanding, fully enclosed TENG that encloses a rolling ball inside a rocking spherical shell. Through the optimization of materials and structural parameters, a spherical TENG of 6 cm in diameter actuated by water waves can provide a peak current of 1 μA over a wide load range from a short‐circuit condition to 10 GΩ, with an instantaneous output power of up to 10 mW. A multielectrode arrangement is also studied to improve the output of the TENG under random wave motions from all directions. Moreover, at a frequency of 1.43 Hz, the wave‐driven TENG can directly drive tens of LEDs and charge a series of supercapacitors to rated voltage within several hours. The stored energy can power an electronic thermometer for 20 min. This rolling‐structured TENG is extremely lightweight, has a simple structure, and is capable of rocking on or in water to harvest wave energy; it provides an innovative and effective approach toward large‐scale blue energy harvesting of oceans and lakes.
A male‐sterile syndrome in <i>Lolium</i> spp. × <i>Festuca Arundinacea</i> (1966)

Summary Male‐sterile Lolium × Festuca arundinacea F 1 hybrids showed floral abnormalities ranging from non‐dehiscent anthers to complete transformation of the three stamens to pistils. It is suggested that the latter manifestations of male sterility are due to genic‐diplontic sterility. Lolium genotypes appeared to affect the frequency of these abnormalities.
Mobilization of oil ganglia (1983)

Abstract Following secondary recovery processes in conventional light oil reservoirs, more than half the original oil in place may remain trapped as a discontinuous phase. During the previous recovery processes these oil ganglia have been pinched off by capillary forces and remain immobile while the continuous phase which surrounds them is able to flow freely. Furthermore if a portion of this oil is mobilized in a tertiary recovery process the conditions required to apply Darcy's equation to the flow of either phase are violated. These are also problems which are encountered during in ‐ situ recovery techniques in tar sands where the mobilization of the heavy oil occurs as a discontinuous phase. In this paper the relevant flow equations are derived. Also a parameter is deduced which directly determines the criterion for mobilization.
Vfast Tcp: A Delay-Based Enhanced Version Of Fast Tcp (2008)

This paper is aimed at describing a delay-based endto- end (e2e) congestion control algorithm, called Very FAST TCP (VFAST), which is an enhanced version of FAST TCP. The main idea behind this enhancement is to smoothly estimate the Round-Trip Time (RTT) based on a nonlinear filter, which eliminates throughput and queue oscillation when RTT fluctuates. In this context, an evaluation of the suggested scheme through simulation is introduced, by comparing our VFAST prototype with FAST in terms of throughput, queue behavior, fairness, stability, RTT and adaptivity to changes in network. The achieved simulation results indicate that the suggested protocol offer better performance than FAST TCP in terms of RTT estimation and throughput.
Effect of bundle conductor field on EHV transmission line design (1961)

A description is presented of some control shield designs used commercially at 345 and 460 kv, along with results of laboratory tests indicating the trend of the art for multiconductor systems above 460 kv. Improvements in electrical performance and reduced capital costs are shown possible with towers designed for new suspension hardware developed for multipleconductor bundles.
Accurate contour control of mechatronic servo systems using Gaussian networks (1996)

This paper presents a method of contour control of mechatronic servo systems by using neural networks. The neural network learns the inverse dynamics of the mechatronic servo system. The input data for the mechatronic servo systems are modified from objective trajectories by using the neural network. The Gaussian network is adopted to construct the inverse dynamics of the mechatronic servo system because the Gaussian function is well defined, and its structure and initial parameters can be systematically selected such that the initial network approximates the inverse dynamics of the mechatronic servo system. The actual input/output data of the mechatronic servo system are used for the learning of the Gaussian network. Effectiveness of the proposed method is assured by experimental results of contour control of an X-Y table.
Enzymatic Desymmetrization of Prochiral 2-Substituted-1,3-Diamines: Preparation of Valuable Nitrogenated Compounds (2009)

A wide range of prochiral 1,3-diamines were first efficiently synthesized and subsequently desymmetrized by using lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia as catalyst and diallyl carbonate as alkoxycarbonylating agent. In all cases, the amino carbamates of R-configuration were recovered. Final selective cleavage of the N-allyloxycarbonyl moiety was carried out under mild reaction conditions, which demonstrates the high versatility and potential of this chemoenzymatic route as a source of intermediates in the synthesis of related optically active nitrogenated derivatives.
Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts (2008)

Chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect bone metabolism and are frequently associated with the presence of osteoporosis. Bone loss is regulated by various mediators of the immune system such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, or interferon-gamma. TNF-alpha, a master cytokine in human IBD, causes bone erosions in experimental models and these effects are exerted by osteoclasts. Other TNF-related cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), its ligand, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin are important mediators in inflammatory processes in the gut and are critically involved in the pathophysiology of bone loss. The awareness and early diagnosis of osteoporosis in states of chronic inflammation, together with applied therapies such as bisphosphonates, may be beneficial in inflammation-associated osteoporosis. Although several mechanisms may contribute to osteoporosis in patients with IBD and coeliac disease, inflammation as an important factor has so far been neglected. As key inflammatory mediators in IBD such as TNF-alpha are involved in the disease process both in gut and bone, we hypothesise that neutralisation of TNF-alpha could prove an efficient strategy in the treatment of inflammation-related osteoporosis in the future.
A real time digital test bed for a smart grid using RTDS (2010)

The microgrid concept is not a new one; however, implementing it and integrating it to a legacy grid is a challenge that engineers are thriving to solve. This challenge is due to many reasons including economic and technology. The survivability of such a system in terms of its reliability and robustness to faults are key points to explore in the microgrid. The FREEDM project is a novel microgrid concept called smart grid. This project will demonstrate newly developed technologies and enhance the integration of renewable resources. A Green Hub was designed to represent the salient features of the FREEDM system. This hub will be used for developing and demonstrating techniques for seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation; fault detection method and fast isolation techniques, and voltage and frequency stability. This 12kV Green Hub loop was modeled in MATLAB/Simumink and in a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).
Induction of Salicylic Acid β-Glucosidase in Tobacco Leaves by Exogenous Salicylic Acid (1995)

Salicylic acid (SA) has been proposed to be an endogenous signal for systemic acquired resistance to infection by pathogens in plants. In general, most SA is found in an inactive form as SA β-glucoside (SAG). SAG seems to be a storage form of SA from which bioactive SA can be generated. Recent reports indicate that β-glucosidase might be involved in regulating the signaling activity of phytohormones. Therefore, it seems likely that SA β-glucosidase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes SAG to yield free SA, might also play an important role by regulating the level of free SA. Since hydrolysis of SAG seems to occur in intercellular spaces, we attempted to isolate SA β-glucosidase activity from the intercellular spaces of SA-treated tobacco leaves, where we found considerable amounts of the enzymatic activity. Furthermore, increased levels of SA and SA β-glucosidase activity were found in the leaves after treatment with exogenous SA. The role of SA β-glucosidase in plant defense systems is discussed.
The impact of pharmaceutical company funding on results of randomized trials of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: a meta‐analysis* (2007)

Compared with independent trials, industry-supported trials were more likely to produce statistically significant results and larger odds ratios. These differences persisted after adjustment for basic trial characteristics. Although we had no data on the amount of funding for each trial, it is possible that more resources led to higher treatment compliance and therefore greater efficacy in industry-supported trials. Differences can also possibly be explained by publication bias with several small, null-effect industry studies not having reached publication. After adjustment for this possible bias, results for industry trials were lower and similar to non-industry results. Similarly, the overall estimate of the net effect for these products reduces to about 5% attributable 1-year successes. This remains of considerable public health benefit. Registration of clinical trials has become mandatory in many countries since most of the trials considered here were conducted, and this should reduce the potential for publication bias in future.
The lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine: a common complication with low dose treatment. (1984)

The true incidence of the lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine was determined in a longitudinal study of 281 patients consecutively starting hydralazine for hypertension over a 51 month period. Data on the duration of treatment and the maximum dose achieved were examined using life table analysis. After three years' treatment with hydralazine the incidence of the lupus syndrome was 6.7% (95% confidence limits 3.2-10.2%). The incidence was dose dependent, with no cases recorded in patients taking 50 mg daily and incidences of 5.4% with 100 mg daily and of 10.4% with 200 mg daily. The incidence was higher in women (11.6%) than in men (2.8%). In women taking 200 mg daily the three year incidence was 19.4%. Hydralazine is an effective antihypertensive drug that has come to be used in restricted dosage (not more than 200 mg daily) because of its risk of inducing the lupus syndrome. This study shows that the true incidence of the syndrome is still unacceptably high even when the drug is prescribed according to current recommendations.
Tumor Detection in Automated Breast Ultrasound Using 3-D CNN and Prioritized Candidate Aggregation (2018)

Automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS) has been widely used as a screening modality for examination of breast abnormalities. Reviewing hundreds of slices produced by ABUS, however, is time consuming. Therefore, in this paper, a fast and effective computer-aided detection system based on 3-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and prioritized candidate aggregation is proposed to accelerate this reviewing. First, an efficient sliding window method is used to extract volumes of interest (VOIs). Then, each VOI is estimated the tumor probability with a 3-D CNN, and VOIs with higher estimated probability are selected as tumor candidates. Since the candidates may overlap each other, a novel scheme is designed to aggregate the overlapped candidates. During the aggregation, candidates are prioritized based on estimated tumor probability to alleviate over-aggregation issue. The relationship between the sizes of VOI and target tumor is optimally exploited to effectively perform each stage of our detection algorithm. On evaluation with a test set of 171 tumors, our method achieved sensitivities of 95% (162/171), 90% (154/171), 85% (145/171), and 80% (137/171) with 14.03, 6.92, 4.91, and 3.62 false positives per patient (with six passes), respectively. In summary, our method is more general and much faster than preliminary works and demonstrates promising results.
Electrical measurements of a multi-mode hybrid pixel detector ASIC for radiation detection (2012)

We present the first electrical measurements of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to be used in a hybrid pixel detector intended for dosimetry and radiation detection. The dosimeter has three programmable modes of operation: photon counting mode, energy integration mode, and dosimetry mode. The ASIC comprises a matrix of 16 by 16 (256 total) square pixels of 220 μm pitch, providing 12.4 mm2 of segmented active area. Each pixel can be configured to operate in one of the three radiation measurement modes, with programmable-depth counters and shift registers to tailor the data word size and optimise the readout frame-rate in a given mode. The individual energies of impinging photons are determined through programmable analogue energy threshold discrimination, time over threshold measurement, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the dosimetry mode contains 16 digital energy thresholds and automatically sorts data into 16 corresponding energy bin registers. The chip's output is therefore pre-processed charge spectra of the radiation field. This paper discusses results from measurements taken using programmable test-pulses to inject controlled stimuli into the pixel circuits.