gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses of Adaxial and Abaxial Stomata of Normally Oriented and Inverted Leaves of <i>Vicia faba</i> L. to Light (1986)

Stomatal conductances of normally oriented and inverted leaves were measured as light levels (photosynthetic photon flux densities) were increased to determine whether abaxial stomata of Vicia faba leaves were more sensitive to light than adaxial stomata. Light levels were increased over uniform populations of leaves of plants grown in an environmental chamber. Adaxial stomata of inverted leaves reached maximum water vapor conductances at a light level of 60 micromoles per square meter per second, the same light level at which abaxial stomata of normally oriented leaves reached maximum conductances. Abaxial stomata of inverted leaves reached maximum conductances at a light level of 500 micromoles per square meter per second, the same light level at which adaxial stomata of normally oriented leaves reached maximum conductances. Maximum conductances in both normally oriented and inverted leaves were about 200 millimoles per square meter per second for adaxial stomata and 330 millimoles per square meter per second for abaxial stomata. Regardless of whether leaves were normally oriented or inverted, when light levels were increased to values high enough that upper leaf surfaces reached maximum conductances (about 500 micromoles per square meter per second), light levels incident on lower, shaded leaf surfaces were just sufficient (about 60 micromoles per square meter per second) for stomata of those surfaces to reach maximum conductances. This ;coordinated' stomatal opening on the separate epidermes resulted in total leaf conductances for normally oriented and inverted leaves that were the same at any given light level. We conclude that stomata in abaxial epidermes of intact Vicia leaves are not more sensitive to light than those in adaxial epidermes, and that stomata in leaves of this plant do not respond to light alone. Additional factors in bulk leaf tissue probably produce coordinated stomatal opening on upper and lower leaf epidermes to optimally meet photosynthetic requirements of the whole leaf for CO(2).
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis for energetically competitive ammonium removal and dissolved ammonia production (2020)

Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from residual waters traditionally relies on energy-consuming biochemical processes, while more novel alternative strategies focus on the recovery of total ammoniacal nitrogen for the production of fertilisers or the generation of energy. The recovery of total ammoniacal nitrogen as gaseous ammonia is more effective at high ammonia concentrations in the liquid feed. Typically, chemicals are added to increase the solution pH, while bipolar membrane electrodialysis can be used to convert salt solutions to acid and base solutions by using only electricity. In this study, we used bipolar membrane electrodialysis to remove ammonium from water and to simultaneously produce concentrated dissolved ammonia, without using chemicals. The energy consumption and current efficiency to transport ammonium from the diluate (the feed water) were assessed throughout sequencing batch experiments. The total ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency for bipolar membrane electrodialysis ranged between 85 and 91% and the energy consumption was stable at 19 MJ·kg-N−1, taking both electrochemical and pumping energy into account. The base pH increased from 7.8 to 9.8 and thetotal ammoniacal nitrogen concentration increased from 1.5 to 7.3 g L−1, corresponding to a final ammonia concentration of 4.5 g L−1 in the base. Leakage of hydroxide, diffusion of dissolved ammonia and ionic species from the base to the diluate all contributed to a loss in current efficiency. Due to the increase in operational run time and concentration gradients throughout the sequencing batch experiments, the current efficiency decreased from 69 to 54%. We showed that bipolar membrane electrodialysis can effectively be used to simultaneously remove ammonium from water and produce concentrated dissolved ammonia while avoiding the use of chemicals. Moreover, the energy consumption was competitive with that of the combination of electrodialysis and the addition of chemicals (22 MJ·kg-N−1).
Effect of Diet Quality on Adenosine-5′-triphosphate Concentration and Adenylate Energy Charge of Rumen Microbes from Fistulated Cows (1979)

Two fistulated, nonlactating Holstein cows were fed a high quality diet of dairy concentrate mixed with corn silage or a low quality diet of weathered hay. Both animals were adapted in turn for 6 wk to the high quality and then to the low quality diet prior to sampling of rumen contents. The high quality diet was fed daily as a single meal; the low quality diet was fed ad libitum. Rumen fluid from cows fed the high quality diet had higher concentrations of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (42.98 versus 17.28 nmotes/ml), total volatile fatty acid concentrations (except acetic acid), total cell numbers (1.48 versus 1.12 x 101/ml), and inorganic phosphorus (155.4 versus 91.8 mM) and lower concentrations of adenosine-5t-diphosphate (6.80 versus 10.62 nmoles/mt) and adenosine-5t-monophosphate (3.41 versus 4.99 nmoles/ml) than when the low quality diet was fed. Adenylate energy charge, the ratio of adenosine-51-tri -and .5 diphosphate to the sum of adenosine-5'-tri-, di-, and monophosphates was higher in the rumen contents of cows when the high quality diet was fed (i.e. .871 versus .685). Energy charge may be a useful tool to determine the energy adequacy of a diet to provide optimum growth conditions for the rumen ecosystem.
Orientation dependence of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric behavior of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 single crystals (2000)

The dielectric properties, ferroelectric polarization, and piezoelectric strain behavior of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0.05 and 0.08) single crystals are studied for different crystal orientations. The study of dielectric properties suggests that the three phase transitions in BaTiO3 are pinched by substituting Ti with Zr but the anisotropic dielectric behavior is present in crystals of various orientations. The remnant polarization and strain behavior are also studied for different crystal directions. Higher strain and lower polarization are obtained along the pseudocubic 〈001〉 direction compared to those observed along the 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 directions in both orthorhombic (x=0.05) and rhombohedral (x=0.08) phase. The results for the 〈001〉 oriented orthorhombic crystals with x=0.05 indicate the highest strain level (∼0.25%) with almost hysteresis-free behavior and high piezoelectric coefficient (d33=500 pC/N).
Isoprene Formation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> : A Barometer of Central Carbon Assimilation in a Bioreactor? (2002)

Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a volatile hydrocarbon of uncertain function in Bacillus subtilis, and we hypothesized that it is an overflow metabolite produced during excess carbon utilization. Here we tested this idea for phase 2 of isoprene release, a phase that occurs during extracellular acetoin accumulation and its reassimilation. Phase 2 isoprene formation could be disrupted in three different ways, all related to acetoin metabolism. Disruption of a gene essential for acetoin biosynthesis (acetolactic acid synthase, alsS) blocked acetoin formation and led to cessation of phase 2 isoprene formation as well as a variety of pleiotropic effects related to loss of pH control. Growth of the alsS mutant with external pH control reversed most of these effects. Disruption of acetoin catabolism (acetoin dehydrogenase, acoA), also eliminated phase 2 isoprene formation and caused cells to transition directly from phase 1 to phase 3; the latter is attributed to amino acid catabolism. A third alteration of acetoin metabolism was detected in the widely used strain 168 (trpC2) but not in strain MS175, a trpC mutant constructed in the Marburg strain genetic background. Strain 168 exhibited slow acetoin assimilation compared to that of MS175 or the parental strain, with little or no isoprene formation during this growth phase. These findings support the idea that isoprene release occurs primarily when the rate of carbon catabolism exceeds anabolism and that this volatile hydrocarbon is a product of overflow metabolism when precursors are not required for higher isoprenoid biosynthesis. It is suggested that isoprene release might serve as a useful barometer of the rise and fall of central carbon fluxes during the growth of Bacillus strains in industrial bioreactors.
Neutrophil accumulation on activated, surface-adherent platelets in flow is mediated by interaction of Mac-1 with fibrinogen bound to alphaIIbbeta3 and stimulated by platelet-activating factor. (1997)

We have studied the pathways that lead to arrest and firm adhesion of rolling PMN on activated, surface-adherent platelets. Stable arrest and adhesion strengthening of PMN on thrombin-stimulated, surface-adherent platelets in flow required distinct Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent regions of Mac-1 (alphaMbeta2), and involved interactions of Mac-1 with fibrinogen, which was bound to platelets via alphaIIbbeta3. Mac-1 also bound to other unidentified ligands on platelets, which were not intracellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2), heparin, or heparan-sulfate proteoglycans. This was shown by inhibition with mAbs or peptides, by treatment of platelets with heparitinase, and by using platelets with defective alphaIIbbeta3 from a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Tethering of PMN on platelet ICAM-2 via LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2) was observed, which may facilitate the transition between rolling on selectins and Mac-1-dependent arrest. Arrest and adhesion strengthening was pertussis toxin sensitive and in flow was mainly induced by platelet-activating factor but not through activation of the chemokine receptor CXCR2. In stasis, spreading occurred and the CXCR2 contributed to firm adhesion.
Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence organization in the mung bean genome (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDeoxyribonucleic acid sequence organization in the mung bean genomeMichael G. Murray, Jeffrey D. Palmer, Richard E. Cuellar, and William F. ThompsonCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 23, 5259–5266Publication Date (Print):November 13, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00590a034https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00590a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of a Fourth Adaptor-related Protein Complex (1999)

Adaptor protein complexes (APs) function as vesicle coat components in different membrane traffic pathways; however, there are a number of pathways for which there is still no candidate coat. To find novel coat components related to AP complexes, we have searched the expressed sequence tag database and have identified, cloned, and sequenced a new member of each of the four AP subunit families. We have shown by a combination of coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid analysis that these four proteins (epsilon, beta4, mu4, and sigma4) are components of a novel adaptor-like heterotetrameric complex, which we are calling AP-4. Immunofluorescence reveals that AP-4 is localized to approximately 10-20 discrete dots in the perinuclear region of the cell. This pattern is disrupted by treating the cells with brefeldin A, indicating that, like other coat proteins, the association of AP-4 with membranes is regulated by the small GTPase ARF. Immunogold electron microscopy indicates that AP-4 is associated with nonclathrin-coated vesicles in the region of the trans-Golgi network. The mu4 subunit of the complex specifically interacts with a tyrosine-based sorting signal, indicating that, like the other three AP complexes, AP-4 is involved in the recognition and sorting of cargo proteins with tyrosine-based motifs. AP-4 is of relatively low abundance, but it is expressed ubiquitously, suggesting that it participates in a specialized trafficking pathway but one that is required in all cell types.
The Transduction Channel TRPM5 Is Gated by Intracellular Calcium in Taste Cells (2007)

Bitter, sweet, and umami tastants are detected by G-protein-coupled receptors that signal through a common second-messenger cascade involving gustducin, phospholipase C beta2, and the transient receptor potential M5 (TRPM5) ion channel. The mechanism by which phosphoinositide signaling activates TRPM5 has been studied in heterologous cell types with contradictory results. To resolve this issue and understand the role of TRPM5 in taste signaling, we took advantage of mice in which the TRPM5 promoter drives expression of green fluorescent protein and mice that carry a targeted deletion of the TRPM5 gene to unequivocally identify TRPM5-dependent currents in taste receptor cells. Our results show that brief elevation of intracellular inositol trisphosphate or Ca2+ is sufficient to gate TRPM5-dependent currents in intact taste cells, but only intracellular Ca2+ is able to activate TRPM5-dependent currents in excised patches. Detailed study in excised patches showed that TRPM5 forms a nonselective cation channel that is half-activated by 8 microM Ca2+ and that desensitizes in response to prolonged exposure to intracellular Ca2+. In addition to channels encoded by the TRPM5 gene, we found that taste cells have a second type of Ca2+-activated nonselective cation channel that is less sensitive to intracellular Ca2+. These data constrain proposed models for taste transduction and suggest a link between receptor signaling and membrane potential in taste cells.
SnO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Nanocrystallites Supported by Silica Nanostructures (2001)

We demonstrate the results of a single-step in-situ synthesis that produces surface decoration of partially agglomerated amorphous silica nanospheres (diameter ∼45 nm) with SnOx nanocrystals of diameter 3−6 nm. The technique would appear to be useful for the dispersal of extremely small tin oxide nanostructures on a silica nanosurface to produce improved sensors and catalysts. Preliminary results indicating improved kinetic activity on this nanoscale are reported.
Eosinophilic Lung Diseases: A Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Overview (2007)

Eosinophilic lung diseases are a diverse group of pulmonary disorders associated with peripheral or tissue eosinophilia. They are classified as eosinophilic lung diseases of unknown cause (simple pulmonary eosinophilia [SPE], acute eosinophilic pneumonia [AEP], chronic eosinophilic pneumonia [CEP], idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome [IHS]), eosinophilic lung diseases of known cause (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis [ABPA], bronchocentric granulomatosis [BG], parasitic infections, drug reactions), and eosinophilic vasculitis (allergic angiitis, granulomatosis [Churg-Strauss syndrome]). The percentages of eosinophils in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are essential parts of the evaluation. Chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrates a more characteristic pattern and distribution of parenchymal opacities than does conventional chest radiography. At CT, SPE and IHS are characterized by single or multiple nodules with a surrounding ground-glass-opacity halo, AEP mimics radiologically hydrostatic pulmonary edema, and CEP is characterized by nonsegmental airspace consolidations with peripheral predominance. ABPA manifests with bilateral central bronchiectasis with or without mucoid impaction. The CT manifestations of BG are nonspecific and consist of a focal mass or lobar consolidation with atelectasis. The most common CT findings in Churg-Strauss syndrome include sub-pleural consolidation with lobular distribution, centrilobular nodules, bronchial wall thickening, and interlobular septal thickening. The integration of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings facilitates the initial and differential diagnoses of various eosinophilic lung diseases.
Accelerated generation of (protonated) imines and quinoxalines by formation of C=N bonds in the microdroplets of a nebuliser (2017)

Ions corresponding to protonated imines appear in the positive ion electrospray mass spectra of mixtures of the parent aromatic aldehyde and arylamine. The formation of these imine products occurs readily in the electrospray source nebuliser, even without the application of a spray potential. This accelerated formation of C=N bonds in the nebuliser has been extended to encompass the preparation of quinoxalines from a range of substituted phenylenediamines and benzils. The condensation may be induced either under conventional positive ion electrospray conditions (to give the protonated quinoxalines) or when the nebuliser is disconnected from the mass spectrometer (to give the neutral quinoxaline). Ions corresponding to intermediate adducts formed by condensation of the phenylenediamine component with the protonated benzil are observed in many cases when the condensation occurs in the mass spectrometer. This finding supports an interpretation based on nucleophilic addition in droplets generated by the nebuliser.
Analysis of Load-Impedance Modulation (1939)

A new type of modulation for television transmitters which was proposed recently is investigated. The relations referring to the operation of the network, of the modulator, and of the radio-frequency amplifier tubes are derived as well as the expressions for the sideband attenuation characteristic. It is concluded from the results that the claims made for the new modulation system are exaggerated. The modlator tubes are required to have a very high emission. This fact will limit the application of the new type of modulation to modulator tubes having thoriated-tungsten filaments and consequently to relatively small power, since at present tubes of this type are built for low or medium output power only. The efficiency of the new modulation system is essentially the same as that of grid-bias modulation. Contrary to expectations, the band width is not materially greater than that which is attainable with grid-bias modulation. This is due to the sideband clipping taking place in the quarter-wave line connecting the modulator tubes with the remainder of the network. The modulation characteristic is straighter than is customarily obtainable with grid-bias modulation; this is achieved by working the modulator grids in the positive region only, a mode of operation which requires high driving power and modulator grids capable of dissipating that power. The output capacitance of the modulator tubes is substantially smaller than the output capacitance of a grid-bias-modulated amplifier, but so is also the damping effect contributed by the internal resistance of the modulator.
Programming design features of the GAMMA 60 computer (1958)

The GAMMA 60 is a complete, closedloop electronic system designed to analyze, process, and produce information. The GAMMA 60 can at the same time read, write, punch, print, calculate, sort, compare, and make decisions. (See Fig. 1.)
Application of dynamic matrix control to a boiler-turbine system (2005)

This paper presents an application of dynamic matrix control (DMC) to a drum-type boiler-turbine system of a fossil power plant. Two possible kinds of step response models are investigated in designing the DMC, one is developed with the linearization of theoretical model and the other is developed with the process step-test data. Then, the control performances of each model-based DMC are simulated and evaluated. It is observed that the simulation results with the step-response model based on the test data show satisfactory results, while the linearized model is not suitable for the control of boiler-turbine system.
A Deep Copy Protection Framework for Electronic Devices within Home (2009)

We present an attack to current interface copy protection systems and a new framework to restrict contents flowing within legal devices. The attack is named as interface replacement attack, which is motivated by the fact that a damaged interface usually can be replaced with a small cost. The new framework deploys security mechanisms in both interior part of a consumer electronic device and interfaces on it. We name it as deep copy protection framework to distinguish the current interface-centric copy protection frameworks. We believe that this viewpoint is novel and can be further studied to develop new copy protection system.
Understanding the media literacy of digital storytelling (2015)

Digital Storytelling is a workshop-based process in which participants gain the skills and knowledge needed to tell a personal story using their own words and imagery. This article draws on a MERJ conversation held during the Media Summit 2014 in Prague to deconstruct Digital Storytelling as means to understand the methodology and the stories told using it. It explores three specific themes: Theme A: Process of production – finding the articulate and personal voice Theme B: Crafting the stories – creating meaning in a short form Theme C: Impact – understanding stories as texts and collections Prior to the session, delegates had the opportunity to consider literature covering an overview of digital storytelling practice, and extracts from key academic and practitioner-based texts which address the three themes. Selected stories were shown at the start of the session. The article uses the resultant discussions as a means to explore the specific media literacy of digital storytelling. It looks at the multiple creative processes underpinning Digital Storytelling and considers how they merge together within the individual text to create an individual story that can be viewed in isolation or seen as part of a larger collection of stories.
Detection of Single Nanoparticles and Lentiviruses Using Microcavity Resonance Broadening (2013)

A new label-free sensing mechanism is demonstrated experimentally by monitoring the whispering-gallery mode broadening in microcavities. It is immune to both noise from the probe laser and environmental disturbances, and is able to remove the strict requirement for ultra-high-Q mode cavities for sensitive nanoparticle detection. This ability to sense nanoscale objects and biological analytes is particularly crucial for wide applications.