gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design of a cryptographic security architecture (1999)

Traditional security toolkits have concentrated mostly on defining a programming interface (API) and left the internals up to individual implementors. This paper presents a design for a portable, flexible security architecture based on traditional computer security models involving a security kernel which controls access to security-relevant objects and attributes based on a configurable security policy. Layered on top of the kernel are various objects which abstract core functionality such as encryption and digital signature capabilities, certificate management, and secure sessions and data enveloping (email encryption) in a manner which allows them to be easily moved into cryptographic devices such as smart cards and crypto accelerators for extra performance or security. The versatility of the design has been proven through its use in implementations ranging from from 16-bit microcontrollers through to supercomputers, as well as a number of unusual areas such as security modules in ATM&apos;s.
Objective Quantification of the Ki67 Proliferative Index in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastroenteropancreatic System (2012)

Pathologic grading for prognostic stratification of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is critical but presents a challenging interpretive dilemma. Tumor cell proliferative rate is an important factor in the determination of prognosis, and immunohistochemical analysis with Ki67 is becoming more widely used to quantify the proliferative rate. However, Ki67 assessment has limitations due to lack of uniformity and consistency in quantification. These limitations are accentuated in well-differentiated NETs, as differences in the range of 1% to 5% can alter tumor grade, with potential implications for treatment. We therefore performed a concordance study to assess different Ki67 quantification techniques including: (a) digital image analysis (DIA); (b) manual counting (MC) of >2000 cells; and (c) "eyeballed" estimate (EE) of labeling percentage by pathologists (n=18), including individuals experienced in evaluating Ki67 labeling as well as others who had little prior experience assessing Ki67 percentages. Forty-five Ki67 images were selected and analyzed using the 3 methods. On the basis of the recommendations of the World health Organization (WHO) for grading NETs, MC of 2000 cells was used as the "gold standard" reference against which the other techniques were compared. Three images were presented twice, the second being inverted, to assess intraobserver consistency. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate: (a) the concordance between methods; (b) intraobserver and interobserver consistency; and (c) correlation of NET grades on the basis of Ki67 scores by EE versus the gold standard. Agreement between scores was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC). DIA and MC were highly concordant (ICC=0.98). The ICC between DIA and the mean EE of all observers was 0.88. However, there was discordance among individual observers on all cases quantified by EE (ICC=0.13). The ICC for intraobserver consistency was 0.39±0.26. With Ki67 in the ranges of <1%, 2% to 3%, and >20%, the mean of Ki67 by EE was, respectively, 93%±2%, 55%±7%, and 55%±15% correct against the gold standard. The κ statistics for EE exhibited low agreement (κ=0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.25) for all WHO NET grades. Incorrect assessment by EE resulted in upgrading of all WHO G1 group tumors (n=14); in the WHO G2 group, downgrading of 41% cases occurred (n=11) when Ki67 was <5% (by DIA or MC), and upgrading of 59% cases occurred (n=16) when Ki67 was >5%. We conclude that DIA and MC are the acceptable standards for Ki67 assessment. Given the inherent discordance in determining the grade, the use of an approximate EE of the Ki67-labeling index requires critical reevaluation, especially for NETs with a labeling index straddling the cut-points between grades. Consequently, determination of therapeutic strategies should be guided by an amalgamation of clinicopathologic characteristics, including but not limited to the Ki67 index.
A 3D parametric inversion algorithm for triaxial induction data (2006)

Abstract We develop a parametric inversion algorithm to determine simultaneously the horizontal and vertical resistivities of both the formation and invasion zones, invasion radius, bed boundary upper location and thickness, and relative dip angle from electromagnetic triaxial induction logging data. This is a full 3D inverse scattering problem in transversally isotropic media. To acquire sufficient sensitivity to invert for all of these parameters, we collect the data using a multicomponent, multispacing induction array. For each transmitter-receiver spacing this multicomponent tool has sets of three orthogonal transmitter and receiver coils. At each logging point single-frequency data are collected at multiple spacings to obtain information at different depths of investigation. This inversion problem is solved iteratively with a constrained regularized Gauss-Newton minimization scheme. As documented in the literature, the main computational bottleneck when solving this full 3D inverse problem is the CPU time associated with constructing the Jacobian matrix. In this study, to achieve the inversion results within a reasonable computational time, we implement a dual grid approach wherein the Jacobian matrix is computed using a very coarse optimal grid. Furthermore, to regularize the inversion process we use the so-called multiplicative regularization technique. This technique automatically determines the regularization parameter. Synthetic data tests indicate the developed inversion algorithm is robust in extracting formation and invasion anisotropic resistivities, invasion radii, bed boundary locations, relative dip, and azimuth angle from multispacing, multicomponent induction logging data.
Propionate CoA‐transferase from <i>Clostridium propionicum</i> (2002)

Propionate CoA-transferase from Clostridium propionicum has been purified and the gene encoding the enzyme has been cloned and sequenced. The enzyme was rapidly and irreversibly inactivated by sodium borohydride or hydroxylamine in the presence of propionyl-CoA. The reduction of the thiol ester between a catalytic site glutamate and CoA with borohydride and the cleavage by hydroxylamine were used to introduce a site-specific label, which was followed by MALDI-TOF-MS. This allowed the identification of glutamate 324 at the active site. Propionate CoA-transferase and similar proteins deduced from the genomes of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus halodurans and Aeropyrum pernix are proposed to form a novel subclass of CoA-transferases. Secondary structure element predictions were generated and compared to known crystal structures in the databases. A high degree of structural similarity was observed between the arrangement of secondary structure elements in these proteins and glutaconate CoA-transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.
A new doped silver tin oxide with improved electrical behaviour (2003)

Several grades of silver 10-wt.% tin oxide with tellurium oxide additions have been prepared by a powder metallurgy process involving powder mixing, compression, sintering, and second compression to maximum density. The contact parts have been submitted to different electrical tests. After 20000 openings of a 100-A circuit, the erosion loss of 1% tellurium oxide doped silver tin oxide is 13.2 mg compared with 50 mg for internally oxidized silver cadmium oxide. Another test with AC 3 conditions at 100 A of current at opening and 600 A at closing shows that 1% to 1.5% tellurium oxide doped silver/tin oxide has a low temperature rise and very low welding forces compared with nondoped silver tin oxide. 2.0 and 3.0% tellurium oxide shows the same behavior in a 1050-A making current test. The erosion rate is not increased with tellurium oxide additions. The low welding forces result in an improved making capacity in contactor applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Diabetic Foot (1987)

Amputation of the lower extremity is more frequent in diabetic patients than in the general population. Causative factors include foot deformities, neuropathy, dysvascularity, infection, and gangrene. A grading and treatment program is outlined for aid in treating the lesions that develop in these feet.
Design of an integrated CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer (2003)

Due to higher costs, bulkiness and larger power consumption, it is no longer desirable to implement wireless transceivers with discrete elements. This paper describes the design of an essential component in wireless transceivers, the frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer is implemented using the dual phase locked loop (PLL) architecture. The synthesizer generates signals in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range with a 1 MHz resolution. Using the 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, post-layout simulations showed a phase noise of -82 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 kHz and reference sidebands at -60 dBc, both these parameters with respect to a 2.45 GHz carrier.
Src Stimulates Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 Shedding by an ADAM15 Splice Variant Linked to Breast Cancer (2009)

ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) have important roles in development and diseases such as cancer. Previously, an ADAM15 splice variant (ADAM15B), which contains an inserted cytoplasmic Src-binding site, was linked to clinical aggressiveness in breast cancer, yet little was known about how this splice variant affects the function of ADAM15. Here, we show that ADAM15B has enhanced catalytic activity in cell-based assays compared with ADAM15A, which lacks a Src-binding site, using shedding of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2iiib variant as an assay for catalytic activity. Moreover, the enhanced activity of ADAM15B compared with ADAM15A depends on Src because it is abolished by Src-kinase inhibitors and in Src(-/-) cells, but not in Src(-/-) cells rescued with Src. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of how a splice variant linked to clinical agressiveness in breast cancer causes increased activity of ADAM15B, and suggest that inhibitors of the ADAM15 protease activity or of the interaction of ADAM15B with Src could be useful to treat breast cancer in patients with dysregulated ADAM15B.
Short report: Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in hypertension: a clinical trial of factorial design (1993)

Several dosage combinations of ramipril plus HCT produced significantly greater blood pressure reductions than the monotherapies at the same dosages. Overall, the combination of 5 mg ramipril and 25 mg HCT gave the best mean reduction. Combination therapy with ramipril plus HCT was safe and effective for patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
Effect of Solvent Solubility Parameters on the Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

A systematic study of the effect of a series of organic solvents on the dispersion of as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been conducted. UV−vis−NIR absorption spectroscopy coupled with an integrating sphere was employed to differentiate absorbance and scattering. For each solvent, a concentration-dependent study of the absorbance in the normal chamber and in the integrating sphere enabled the calculation of the total extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient. A correlation between the extinction/absorption coefficient and the Hildebrand and Hansen solvent parameters was established, indicating that polar interactions and hydrogen bonding dominate.
Low-energy intra-task voltage scheduling using static timing analysis (2001)

We propose an intra-task voltage scheduling algorithm for low-energy hard real-time applications. Based on a static timing analysis technique, the proposed algorithm controls the supply voltage within an individual task boundary. By fully exploiting all the slack times, a scheduled program by the proposed algorithm always complete its execution near the deadline, thus achieving a high energy reduction ratio. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we built a software tool that automatically converts a DVS-unaware program into an equivalent low-energy program. Experimental results show that the low-energy version of an MPEG-4 encoder/decoder (converted by the software tool) consumes less than 7$\sim$25% of the original program running on a fixed-voltage system with a power-down mode.
Potent and Stealthy Control Flow Obfuscation by Stack Based Self-Modifying Code (2013)

Software code released to the user has the risk of reverse engineering attacks. Software obfuscation techniques can be employed to make the reverse engineering of software programs harder. In this paper, we propose a potent, stealthy, and cost-effective algorithm to obfuscate software programs. The main idea of the algorithm is to remove control flow information from the code area and hide them in the data area. During execution time, these instructions are reconstructed, thereby preserving the semantics of the program. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm performs well against static and dynamic attacks. Also the obfuscated program is hard to be differentiated from normal binary programs demonstrating the obfuscations good stealth measure.
Associating neural word embeddings with deep image representations using Fisher Vectors (2015)

In recent years, the problem of associating a sentence with an image has gained a lot of attention. This work continues to push the envelope and makes further progress in the performance of image annotation and image search by a sentence tasks. In this work, we are using the Fisher Vector as a sentence representation by pooling the word2vec embedding of each word in the sentence. The Fisher Vector is typically taken as the gradients of the log-likelihood of descriptors, with respect to the parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). In this work we present two other Mixture Models and derive their Expectation-Maximization and Fisher Vector expressions. The first is a Laplacian Mixture Model (LMM), which is based on the Laplacian distribution. The second Mixture Model presented is a Hybrid Gaussian-Laplacian Mixture Model (HGLMM) which is based on a weighted geometric mean of the Gaussian and Laplacian distribution. Finally, by using the new Fisher Vectors derived from HGLMMs to represent sentences, we achieve state-of-the-art results for both the image annotation and the image search by a sentence tasks on four benchmarks: Pascal1K, Flickr8K, Flickr30K, and COCO.
Regulation of astrocyte proliferation by FGF-2 and heparan sulfate in vivo (1995)

The goal of this study was to examine the ability of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) to promote reactivity and/or proliferation of astrocytes in vivo following brain injury, and the possible mechanisms involved. A small bilateral lesion in the motor-sensory cortex was performed, and either FGF-2, FGF-2 plus heparan sulfate, heparan sulfate, or saline was applied unilaterally in a piece of Gelfoam within the wound cavity. Following lesions, there was an increase in FGF-2 and FGF receptor (FGFR) immunoreactivities in the area surrounding the lesion in all the treatment groups. Rats that received treatment with recombinant FGF-2 alone showed an increase in the density of astrocytes as compared to the control group. The same group of rats exhibited an increase in the density of cells displaying FGF-2 immunoreactivity and cells displaying FGFR-1 immunoreactivity and cells displaying FGFR-1 immunoreactivity, and also an induction of FGF-2 mRNA in the tissue surrounding the lesion. The group of rats that received FGF-2 combined with heparan sulfate showed a larger increase in the same cellular parameters. Our results suggest that the FGF-2/FGFR system is involved in the regulation of astrocytic reactivity and/or proliferation in the brain and its action is potentiated by heparan sulfate. The action of FGF-2 on CNS injury appears to be part of an autocrine cascade that involves induction of FGF-2 and its receptor, thereby enhancing the ability of astrocytes to respond to FGF-2.
A System for Relational Reasoning in Human Prefrontal Cortex (1999)

The integration of multiple relations between mental representations is critical for higher level cognition. For both deductive- and inductive-reasoning tasks, patients with prefrontal damage exhibited a selective and catastrophic deficit in the integration of relations, whereas patients with anterior temporal lobe damage, matched for overall IQ but with intact prefrontal cortex, exhibited normal relational integration. In contrast, prefrontal patients performed more accurately than temporal patients on tests of both episodic memory and semantic knowledge. These double dissociations suggest that integration of relations is a specific source of cognitive complexity for which intact prefrontal cortex is essential. The integration of relations may be the fundamental common factor linking the diverse abilities that depend on prefrontal function, such as planning, problem solving, and fluid intelligence.
Crosslink Density Determinations for Polymeric Materials (1970)

Chemical crosslinking of polymeric binders is possibly the most significantly factor affecting the mechanical behavior of unfilled and highly filled elastomers. There are basically two physical methods used by various investigators for experimentally determining the degree of crosslinking swelling method using Flory's equation and the equilibrium stree-strain method. The procedure dicussed inthis report is recommended as a tentative standard procedure to be followed in the collection of equilibrium stress-strain data and in the use of these data in the determination of the effective crosslink density of polymeric binders and composite propellants.
Some Compositional Viscosity Correlations for Crude Oils from Russia and Norway (2016)

The current work is based on experimental viscosity and compositional data of about 200 crude oil samples from various parts of Russia and the Norwegian continental shelf. Data analyses were performed to estimate correlations between viscosity and density values as well as concentrations of main components from the crude oils of different origins. It appeared that, in some cases, it is possible to establish a general correlation of viscosity increase along with growing asphaltene, resin, and aromatics contents but also a decrease in viscosity with increasing saturates content. The spread of the data points can be rather wide for the oils of different origins. It was observed that asphaltenes from all of the crude oil samples acted as promoters of the viscosity growth at rather low concentrations, while resins and aromatics effectively increased viscosity in a higher concentration range. The effect of asphaltenes on the viscosity of real crude oils seems to be more important than when dissolved in a model solvent (xylene). This means that either the asphaltenes have a different solvation state in crude oils compared to xylene or asphaltenes are not solely responsible for the high viscosity of the crude oils.
Automotive Adhesives-Why, How, What, Where (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The rationale for the increasing use of automotive adhesives is discussed as are the basic principles of adhesive and process selection.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper concludes with a brief summary of why adhesives are used in thirteen different automotive applications.</div>
Gain enhanced L-band Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier utilizing unwanted backward ASE (2001)

A novel method of enhancing gain in the long wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier is described using the unwanted amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) self-pumping technique. A dual-stage amplifier is deployed, where the unwanted backward ASE from the first stage is fully utilized to pump the second stage amplifier. Gain improvement is observed that enables support for higher channel capacities in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems with negligible noise figure penalties. Flat-gain values in excess of 24 dB and noise figures <5 dB are obtained from the proposed amplifier with a higher channel counts compared to the conventional amplifier.
Silicon-on-sapphire MOSFET transmit / receiveswitch for L and S band transceiver applications (1997)

A single-pole double-throw transmit/receive switch has been fabricated with MOSFETs in silicon-on-sapphire technology. The switch has an insertion loss of 1.7 dB and an isolation of > 30 dB at 2.4 GHz. The switch was targeted for 2.4 GHz operation, but is broadband with only a 2.0 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz. The same switch was also fabricated on SIMOX as a comparison. Owing to capacitive losses to the substrate, the SIMOX switch had a much higher insertion loss: 4.9 dB at 2.4 GHz and 6.2 dB at 5 GHz.
PKCζ regulates cell polarisation and proliferation restriction during mammary acinus formation (2010)

Mammary epithelial cells organize in three dimensions and generate acini when supported on laminin-rich extracellular matrix. Acinus formation begins with the apicobasal polarisation of the outer cells of the assembly and the withdrawal of these cells from the cell cycle. Internal cells then clear out to form a hollow lumen. Here, we show that PKCζ is phosphorylated (at T410) and activated in the early stages of acinus formation in both primary cells and MCF10A cells, and during mammary tree maturation in vivo. Phospho-PKCζ colocalised with tight junction components and bound to the Par polarising complex in developing acini. To further investigate the importance of PKCζ phosphorylation in this context, acinus formation was studied in MCF10A cells overexpressing non-phosphorylatable (T410A) or 'constitutively phosphorylated' (T410E) PKCζ. In both cell types, acinus-associated cell polarisation and lumen clearance were compromised, emphasising the importance of regulated phosphorylation of PKCζ at T410 for successful acinus formation. PKCζ can be activated in a phosphorylation (at T410)-dependent and a phosphorylation-independent manner. Cells overexpressing a complete kinase-deficient PKCζ (K281W) displayed a cell polarising deficit, but also generated large 'multi-acinar' structures with associated early lumenal cell hyperproliferation. Therefore our data shows, for the first time, that two separable PKCζ activities (one phosphorylation-dependent, the other not) are required to support the cell polarisation and proliferation restriction that underpins successful acinus formation. Paralleling these contributions, we found that low levels of PKCζ mRNA expression are associated with more 'poorly differentiated' tumours and a poor outcome in a cohort of 295 breast cancer patients.
Rematerialization-based register allocation through reverse computing (2011)

Reversible computing aims at keeping all information on input and intermediate values available at any step of the computation. Rematerialization in register allocation is an alternate solution to spilling where values are recomputed from available data instead of held in registers. In this paper we present the basic ideas of our algorithm for rematerialization with reverse computing. We use the memory demanding LQCD (Lattice Quantum ChromoDynamics) application to demonstrate that important gains of up to 33% on register pressure can be obtained. This in turn enables an increase in Instruction-Level Parallelism or in Thread-Level Parallelism. We demonstrate a 16.8% (statically timed) gain over a basic LQCD computation.