gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a 3'–>5'-exonuclease that removes cytosine arabinoside monophosphate from 3' termini of DNA. (1994)

Cytosine arabinoside monophosphate (araCMP) at the 3' terminus of DNA constitutes a lesion that impedes further synthesis by DNA polymerase alpha (DNA pol alpha). A biochemical assay has been designed to detect 3'-->5'-exonucleases in cell extracts that remove the 3'-araCMP lesion in an oligonucleotide template-primer and permit subsequent extension by DNA pol alpha. The major 3'-->5'-exonuclease activity in human myeloblast extracts has been purified, and gel filtration chromatography of the purified enzyme indicates that the exonuclease has an apparent native molecular mass of 52 kDa. Incubation of the enzyme with a 5'-32P-labeled araCMP template-primer results in exonucleolytic degradation of the primer exclusively in the 3'-->5' direction, demonstrating that the enzyme is a 3'-->5'-exonuclease. The products of the 3'-->5'-exonuclease reaction are 5'-mononucleotides. The apparent rate of araCMP removal by the exonuclease is approximately the same as the rate of deoxynucleoside monophosphate (dNMP) removal. Furthermore, the apparent rates of 3'-terminal excision are approximately the same whether the oligomer is hybridized to a complementary oligonucleotide, or not, indicating that the enzyme has both single- and double-stranded 3'-->5'-exonuclease activity. The enzyme does not possess 5'-->3'-exonuclease activity, nor is it associated with DNA polymerase activity. In addition, the enzyme does not cleave 3'-phosphoryl-terminated DNA, and it does not cleave RNA. The enzymatic characteristics of the isolated 3'-->5'-exonuclease indicate that it is distinct from previously identified mammalian deoxyribonucleases.
Activation of STAT proteins and growth control (2001)

This review will discuss how STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins, a group of transcription factors that transmit signals from the extracellular surface of cells to the nucleus, are involved in growth control. I will discuss the anatomy of a STAT protein, how it works as a transcription factor, the molecules that regulate its "activity", the phenotypes of mice that lack individual STAT proteins and their involvement in growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and transformation. Finally, a number of examples will be presented of how dysregulated STAT signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer.
Total Synthesis of an Atropdiastereomer of RP‐66453 and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration (2003)

The absolute configuration (aR, S, S, S, S, S) was assigned to the natural product RP-66453 (1) after the total synthesis of its atropdiastereomer and spectroscopic studies on the two compounds. A sequence of SNAr-based cycloetherification and an intramolecular atropdiastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling were used for the construction of the elusive A-B-O-C bicyclic skeleton of RP-66453. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z51996_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Invisibility cloak with image projection capability (2016)

Investigations of invisibility cloaks have been led by rigorous theories and such cloak structures, in general, require extreme material parameters. Consequently, it is challenging to realize them, particularly in the full visible region. Due to the insensitivity of human eyes to the polarization and phase of light, cloaking a large object in the full visible region has been recently realized by a simplified theory. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a device concept where a large object can be concealed in a cloak structure and at the same time any images can be projected through it by utilizing a distinctively different approach; the cloaking via one polarization and the image projection via the other orthogonal polarization. Our device structure consists of commercially available optical components such as polarizers and mirrors, and therefore, provides a significant further step towards practical application scenarios such as transparent devices and see-through displays.
Ocular Surface Changes in Laser in situ Keratomileusis-induced Neurotrophic Epitheliopathy (2004)

Decreased blinking seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy. The reduction probably depends on the lower levels of corneal sensitivity and induces the epitheliopathy by increasing the ocular surface exposure.
Direct and bystander killing of sarcomas by novel cytosine deaminase fusion gene. (2003)

Soft tissue and bone sarcomas of the extremities can be difficult to eradicate, and standard treatment may require limb amputation. New therapies to decrease tumor size could improve the effectiveness of treatment and decrease the frequency of limb amputation. Cytosine deaminase (CD)-based gene therapy has been shown to be effective in decreasing growth of solid tumors when animals with CD-expressing tumor cells are treated with 5 fluorocytosine (5FC), an inert prodrug that is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) by CD. In this investigation, we used a novel CD-containing fusion gene to determine whether CD-based gene therapy affected soft tissue or bone sarcomas. The novel fusion gene (NGFR-CD) encodes for a protein with extracellular and transmembrane domains of human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and cytoplasmic CD. Murine 2472 (2) sarcoma cells were transduced with fusion genes containing either the bacterial (NGFR-(b)CD) or yeast (NGFR-(y)CD) CD gene. 5FC treatment killed NGFR-(b)CD- and NGFR-(y)CD-transduced sarcoma cells in vitro through direct and bystander effects (P < 0.01). In contrast, 5FC treatment of mice with s.c. 2NGFR-(b)CD or 2NGFR-(y)CD tumors affected only 2NGFR-(y)CD tumors. 5FC had no effect on growth of NGFR-(b)CD tumors but caused significant decrease in the size of 2NGFR-(y)CD tumors (51 +/- 60 versus 938 +/- 767 mm(3), treated versus control, P < 0.01). Evaluation of bystander killing in vivo revealed significant tumor killing, with a 5-fold reduction in s.c. tumor volume evident in saline versus 5FC-treated mice when tumors were comprised of 90% 2472 cells and 10% 2NGFR-(y)CD selected for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (P < 0.01). Bone sarcomas were eliminated in 9 of 10 5FC-treated mice, compared with 11.8 +/- 6.0 mm(2) in saline-treated mice (P < 0.002). In addition, 5FC treatment of bone sarcomas caused a significant reduction in cancer-induced bone destruction (P < 0.002) and resulted in a reduction in the number of osteoclasts. Finally, 5FC treatment had no effect on animal weight or survival, whereas doses of 5FU providing equivalent tumor reduction as 5FC resulted in treatment-associated deaths and significant weight loss (P < 0.001).
Design survey of x-ray/XUV projection lithography systems (1991)

Several configurations of two- to four-multilayer mirror systems that have been proposed for use in soft-X-ray projection lithography are examined. The performance capabilities of spherical and aspherical two-mirror projection systems are compared, and a two-spherical-mirror four-reflection system that can resolve 0.1-micron features over a 10 x 10 mm field is described. It is emphasized that three-mirror systems show promise of high resolution in telescope applications, but have not been fully analyzed for projection lithography applications. It has been shown that a four-mirror aspheric system can be designed to meet the resolution requirements, but a trade-off must be made between reducing distortion below 10 microns over the field of view and increasing the modulation transfer function greater than 50 percent at spatial frequency of 5000 cycles/mm.
Expression of Developmental Endothelial Locus-1 in a Subset of Macrophages for Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells (2004)

A major function of macrophages is to engulf apoptotic cells to prevent them from releasing noxious materials as they die. Milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a glycoprotein secreted by activated macrophages that works as a bridge between apoptotic cells and phagocytes by specifically recognizing phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cells. In this study, we found that developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), originally identified as an embryonic endothelial cell protein that binds alphavbeta3 integrin, is structurally and functionally homologous to MFG-E8. That is, both consist of a signal sequence, two epidermal growth factor domains and two factor VIII-homologous domains (C1 and C2). Del-1 bound to the apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine via the factor VIII-homologous domains with an affinity similar to that of MFG-E8. The phagocytic activity of NIH 3T3 cells against apoptotic cells was enhanced by Del-1 through an interaction between the epidermal growth factor domain in Del-1 and alphavbeta3 integrin expressed in the NIH 3T3 cells. Screening of primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines for the expression of MFG-E8 and Del-1 indicated that MFG-E8 and Del-1 are expressed in different sets of macrophages. These results suggest the existence of macrophage subsets that use MFG-E8 or Del-1 differently to engulf apoptotic cells.
Tailoring biological treatment: anakinra treatment of posterior uveitis associated with the CINCA syndrome (2007)

Tailoring biological treatment: anakinra treatment of posterior uveitis associated with the CINCA syndrome Chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome, also known as neonatalonset multisystem inflammatory disease, is a rare congenital inflammatory disease characterised by cardinal signs including a variable congenital maculopapular urticarial rash, chronic non-inflammatory arthropathy with abnormal cartilage proliferation, and chronic meningitis with progressive neurological impairment associated with polymorphonuclear and occasionally eosinophilic infiltration. The CINCA syndrome is associated with childhood uveitis and papillitis with chronic disc swelling. 2 ]
A Tree-Structured Algorithm for Reducing Computation in Networks with Separable Basis Functions (1991)

I describe a new algorithm for approximating continuous functions in high-dimensional input spaces. The algorithm builds a tree-structured network of variable size, which is determined both by the distribution of the input data and by the function to be approximated. Unlike other tree-structured algorithms, learning occurs through completely local mechanisms and the weights and structure are modified incrementally as data arrives. Efficient computation in the tree structure takes advantage of the potential for low-order dependencies between the output and the individual dimensions of the input. This algorithm is related to the ideas behind k-d trees (Bentley 1975), CART (Breiman <i>et al.</i> 1984), and MARS (Friedman 1988). I present an example that predicts future values of the Mackey-Glass differential delay equation.
Infection and Preterm Labor (1988)

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Soroka University Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, Israel
Correlation of ellipsonometric modeling results to observed grain structure for OPO film stacks (2002)

One significant, but potentially variable, parameter in the deposition and subsequent processing of polysilicon is its microstructure. The purpose of this work was to correlate the model parameters, in this case, percentage volume fraction of polysilicon phase components, generated by regression of model dispersion using the Bruggerman effective media approximation to data acquired by the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. Several samples are prepared, consisting of SiO/sub 2//undoped poly-Si/SiO/sub 2/ film stacks in order to measure their as-deposited average grain sizes. Ellipsonometric data is obtained for the center site of each sample, which are then compared to AFM results from similar samples. Various grain geometry approximations are applied, along with the assumption that the polysilicon structure may be modeled to consist of three components; crystalline Si in a continuous amorphous Si matrix, and voids. A mathematical relationship is established between the percentage concentration of crystalline silicon and the mean grain size for the two cases of equiaxed and columnar microstructures. Results indicate good correlation with AFM measured grain sizes. Additional work is required to further demonstrate the correlation, and develop software applications to enable in-line product monitoring.
Factors Concerned in the Deposit of Sprays: VI. The Role of Electrical Charges Produced During Spraying* (1939)

Careful attention has long been given by entomologists to the subject of the deposition of sprays, but much remains to be learned of the mechanism whereby insecticides reach and adhere to surfaces.
Production of zebrafish germ-line chimeras from embryo cell cultures (2001)

Although the zebrafish possesses many characteristics that make it a valuable model for genetic studies of vertebrate development, one deficiency of this model system is the absence of methods for cell-mediated gene transfer and targeted gene inactivation. In mice, embryonic stem cell cultures are routinely used for gene transfer and provide the advantage of in vitro selection for rare events such as homologous recombination and targeted mutation. Transgenic animals possessing a mutated copy of the targeted gene are generated when the selected cells contribute to the germ line of a chimeric embryo. Although zebrafish embryo cell cultures that exhibit characteristics of embryonic stem cells have been described, successful contribution of the cells to the germ-cell lineage of a host embryo has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that short-term zebrafish embryo cell cultures maintained in the presence of cells from a rainbow trout spleen cell line (RTS34st) are able to produce germ-line chimeras when introduced into a host embryo. Messenger RNA encoding the primordial germ-cell marker, vasa, was present for more than 30 days in embryo cells cocultured with RTS34st cells or their conditioned medium and disappeared by 5 days in the absence of the spleen cells. The RTS34st cells also inhibited melanocyte and neuronal cell differentiation in the embryo cell cultures. These results suggest that the RTS34st splenic-stromal cell line will be a valuable tool in the development of a cell-based gene transfer approach to targeted gene inactivation in zebrafish.
Future perspective of strategic non-thermal plasma therapy for cancer treatment (2016)

The therapeutic effects of non-thermal plasma are expected in the medical fields, including hemostasis, vascularization, prevention of organ adhesion, and cell proliferation. Cancer is an internal enemy arising from normal tissue in the body. The prognosis of metastatic and recurrent cancers is still poor despite advances in medicine. To apply non-thermal plasma in cancer treatment is now on going. The mechanism of the proliferation-inhibitory effect of plasma is reactive nitrogen oxide species/reactive oxygen species production in cells. There are a number of problems to be overcome, such as existence of intrinsic reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species scavengers and the shallow infiltration of plasma on tumor surface. The current reviews makes referral to the study results of plasma therapy clarified so far, the possibility of its application in the future.
The Citalopram/5‐HTP‐induced Head Shake Syndrome is Correlated to 5‐HT<sub>2</sub> Receptor Affinity and also Influenced by other Transmitters (1984)

Combination of the 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, citalopram, with 1-5-HTP induced a characteristic head shake syndrome in rats. This was blocked by a range of 5-HT antagonists, including the selective 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin and pirenperone and was also blocked by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and WB 4101, and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine. 1-5-HTP-antagonistic effect was also recorded for 26 neuroleptic drugs. Their inhibitory potencies showed close correlation to 5-HT2-receptor affinity in vitro and, slightly weaker, to alpha 1-adrenoceptor affinity. In contrast, no correlation to dopamine D-2 receptor affinity was found, indicating that the cataleptogenic and motility-inhibitory properties of neuroleptics did not unspecifically influence 1-5-HTP-induced head shakes. These were not influenced by a histaminic antagonist, muscarinic antagonist or alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, but were inhibited by beta-adrenoceptor blockers, GABA agonists, a benzodiazepine and morphine. The results indicate that 1-5-HTP-induced head shakes are most sensitive to 5-HT2 antagonists, but that the syndrome is influenced by other neuronal systems. Since 5-HT2 affinity and alpha 1-adrenoceptor affinity of many compounds is found concomitantly, caution is needed to evaluate the relative importance of these properties for 1-5-HTP antagonism.
Borehole Effects and Correction in OBM With Dip and Anisotropy for Triaxial Induction Tools (2007)

Abstract The latest advance in resistivity logging is the multi-spacing triaxial induction tool. In addition to the conventional induction logs, a triaxial induction tool provides added capability to measure formation anisotropy (horizontal and vertical resistivities), relative dip, and azimuthal angles over a wide range of logging conditions. The anisotropy measurement is very important in low-resistivity pay analysis, while the dip and azimuth measurements have many important geophysical and geological applications. However, due to the physics of the triaxial induction measurements, the borehole effects are significant even for oil-base mud (OBM) conditions. These borehole effects must be corrected in order to obtain accurate measurements of the formation properties. Through extensive modeling studies, we learned that borehole effects depend on many parameters, including hole diameter, tool eccentric distance and azimuth, mud resistivity, formation horizontal and vertical resistivities, formation relative dip, and azimuth angles. Removing the borehole effects is a very difficult and complicated three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic inversion problem, which involves many free parameters. We have developed an inversion algorithm for OBM filled boreholes that robustly solves for horizontal and vertical resistivities, relative dip and azimuth, tool eccentric distance and azimuth. The model for the inversion is an eccentric tool in a borehole through an anisotropic formation with a dip angle. These inverted parameters can then be used to derive the borehole correction for the triaxial measurements. We demonstrate the algorithm through theoretical examples and field logs. The algorithm is very efficient and fast enough to be implemented as real-time well site answer product.
Orientation in the Furan Series. IX. The Friedel—Crafts Reaction with 2-Furfural (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation in the Furan Series. IX. The Friedel—Crafts Reaction with 2-FurfuralHenry Gilman, Nathaniel O. Calloway, and Robert R. BurtnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 5, 906–907Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01308a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (220 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electrical Transport and Photoelectronic Properties of ZnTe:Al Crystals (1972)

A study of native and impurity defect levels in Al-doped high-resistivity ZnTe is described. Experimental information includes electrical transport, photoluminescence, and photoconductivity measurements. Analysis of this information led to the following defect-level assignments: an acceptor level 0.25 eV from the valence band, attributed to a Zn-vacancy-Al-donor complex; an acceptor level 0.60–0.65 eV from the valence band, assigned to a native defect, possibly the second level of a zinc vacancy; and a donor level 0.1 eV from the conduction band, assigned to the dopant aluminum. These levels are involved in radiative recombination which gives rise to three photoluminescence bands with peaks near 2.11, 2.04, and 1.63 eV at 77 °K, observed in Zn-vapor-annealed ZnTe : Al single crystals.
A compact phase interpolator for 3.125G Serdes application (2003)

This paper describes an area-efficient, low-voltage, low-power phase interpolator for clock recovery in a 3.125/2.5 Gbps dual mode serial link application. It has been implemented in both 0.15 /spl mu/m and 0.13 /spl mu/m digital CMOS processes. It occupies 0.02 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates less than 10 mW in both processes. The measurement results from the 0.13 /spl mu/m transceiver show a BER<10/sup -14/ with the presence of /spl plusmn/200 ppm frequency offset and 0.65 UI/sub p-p/ combined deterministic, random and sinusoidal jitter.
Handling of a Semiclosed Cycle Gas Turbine With a Carbon Dioxide-Argon Working Fluid (2000)

This paper outlines the handling of a semi-closed cycle gas turbine, its working fluid is carbon dioxide and the fuel is low heating value gas from coal; however, at startup air and natural gas are used. The objective of the machine is to produce clean electricity with the smallest efficiency penalty. Many aspects of the operation of the engine are examined in this paper; these include starting requirements, stator vane and bleed valve scheduling, and the working fluid transition from air to carbon dioxide. Other features highlighted are the compressor operating lines and surge margins. The present paper describes the salient features of the three main stages into which the engine operation has been divided. These stages are: startup to synchronous idle, change of working fluid (from air to Carbon Dioxide-Argon) and fuel (from natural gas to coal synthetic gas) at synchronous idle, and part load operation. Preliminary findings show that engine handling can be carried out effectively with variable stators. This is possible because of the two-shaft gas generator. Another point of interest is the large increase of corrected speed relative to rotational speed experienced when the working fluid changes from air to carbon dioxide. In general the control of the engine does not seem to present any insurmountable problems despite the complexities arising from the need to change working fluid and fuel. [S0742-4795(00)02903-3]
Thiourea catalyzed organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of diphenyl phosphite to nitroalkenes (2011)

Bifunctional thiourea catalyzes the enantioselective Michael addition reaction of diphenyl phosphite to nitroalkenes. This methodology provides a facile access to enantiomerically enriched β-nitrophosphonates, precursors for the preparation of synthetically and biologically useful β-aminophosphonic acids. DFT level of computational calculations invoke the attack of the diphenyl phosphite to the nitroolefin by the Re face, this give light to this scarcely explored process update in the literature. The computational calculations support the absolute configuration obtained in the final adducts.