gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flat-Top space-vector modulation implemented on a fixed-point DSP (2009)

The paper presents the method and implementation steps for space-vector (space-phasor) pulse width modulation, on a fixed-point digital signal processor using MATLAB's Simulink <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> and the eZdsp development board. Besides the implementation of the simple suboptimal method, there are implemented 4 different Flat-Top (discontinuous) procedures. The simulation results show the improvements brought by the Flat-Top techniques: less commutations, even inside a sampling period, the ability to choose a Flat-Top method in correlation with the character of the inverter's load in order to reduce furthermore the commutation losses. Also, the design of these Flat-Top techniques is improved by computing the position of the reference phasor without any trigonometric function, by using p.u. values for the on-times of basic vectors and by using the DC link voltage value, which can be compensated in case of the voltage ripples.
Toward the Development of the Direct and Selective Detection of Nitrates by a Bioinspired Mo–Cu System (2011)

The development of a new platform for the direct and selective detection of nitrates is described. Two thioether-based chemosensors and the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones were prepared, and their photophysical properties were evaluated. Upon selective sulfoxidation of these thioethers with nitrates via an oxygen-transfer reaction promoted by a bioinspired Mo-Cu system, significant fluorescence shifts were measured. A selective response of these systems, discriminating between nitrate salts and H(2)O(2), was also shown.
Spectral Efficiency of Orthogonal Set of Truncated MC-CDMA Signals Using Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequences (2008)

In this paper, we show that a set of multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) signals using a set of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences achieves 95% of the maximum spectral efficiency at the out-of-band energy of 0.1% and the bandwidth-duration product of 45.25 with an orthogonalizing truncation. It is shown that the density p of carriers plays an important role in accurately estimating the out-of-band energy of the signals based on the corresponding eigenvalues and in achieving a small out-of-band energy. We also show that p should be chosen such that rho ges 4 or rho ges 8. To perform numerically stable eigenanalysis, we employ the technique of singular-value decomposition.
SI Units (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> You are to be commended for the Oct 12, 1984,<i>JAMA</i>theme issue on alcohol and other drugs, and for the ten recommendations in your editorial.<sup>1</sup> However, my pleasure in reading the issue was jarred by confusion about the reporting units for ethanol concentrations. Page 1886, column 1, paragraph 1, indicates that the "mean blood alcohol concentration . . . was 0.20 ± 0.08 mg/dL, or twice the level of legal intoxication (0.10 mg/dL) in Wisconsin." In fact, the ethanol level, which is illegal per se for Wisconsin drivers, is 0.10% wt, or 100 mg/dL. No doubt the mean blood alcohol concentration in the study was 0.20% wt, or 200 mg/dL. On page 1837, 0.04 mg/dL is referred to as a level that " 'has been shown to bring about measureable diminution of attention and skills,' " a statement that would be more accurate for 40 mg/dL, or 0.04% wt.
Performance Analysis of the Dual Cell Spacer in ATM Systems (1995)

In this paper we develop an analysis of the so-called Dual Cell Spacer. In contrast to a conventional spacer, which shapes a traffic stream only according to a given Peak Cell Rate, the Dual Cell Spacer takes into account the Peak Cell Rate as well as the Sustainable Cell Rate with the corresponding Burst Tolerance. The analysis is carried out in the discrete-time domain. Performance measures such as the cell rejection probability, the cell delay distribution and the cell inter-departure time distribution are derived. All results are of an exact nature. Numerical examples that compare the performance of the Dual Cell Spacer with that of a conventional spacer show a similar performance in terms of cell delay and cell loss for relatively small values of the Burst Tolerance. Using our analysis, both the Sustainable Cell Rate and the Burst Tolerance, which are used for traffic shaping in the Dual Cell Spacer, can be chosen adequately to achieve a given target cell rejection probability or cell delay, respectively, and to allow the network provider to obtain a high multiplexing gain.
Bifocal Stereoscopic Vision for Intelligent Vehicles (2009)

The numerous benefits of real-time 3D awareness for autonomous vehicles have motivated the incorporation of stereo cameras to the perception units of intelligent vehicles. The availability of the distance between camera and objects is essential for such applications as automatic guidance and safeguarding; however, a poor estimation of the position of the objects in front of the vehicle can result in dangerous actions. There is an emphasis, therefore, in the design of perception engines that can make available a rich and reliable interval of ranges in front of the camera. The objective of this research is to develop a stereo head that is capable of capturing 3D information from two cameras simultaneously, sensing different, but complementary, fields of view. In order to do so, the concept of bifocal perception was defined and physically materialized in an experimental bifocal stereo camera. The assembled system was validated through field tests, and results showed that each stereo pair of the head excelled at a singular range interval. The fusion of both intervals led to a more faithful representation of reality.
Nerve Growth Factor Rapidly Induces Prolonged Acetylcholine Release from Cultured Basal Forebrain Neurons: Differentiation between Neuromodulatory and Neurotrophic Influences (2001)

Long-term exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF) is well established to have neurotrophic effects on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, but its potential actions as a fast-acting neuromodulator are not as well understood. We report that NGF (0.1-100 ng/ml) rapidly (<60 min) and robustly enhanced constitutive acetylcholine (ACh) release (148-384% of control) from basal forebrain cultures without immediate persistent increases in choline acetyltransferase activity. More ACh was released in response to NGF when exposure was coupled with a higher depolarization level, suggesting activity dependence. In a long-term potentiation-like manner, brief NGF exposure (10 ng/ml; 60 min) induced robust and prolonged increases in ACh release, a capacity that was shared with the other neurotrophins. K252a (10-100 nm), BAPTA-AM (25 microm), and Cd(2+) (200 microm) prevented NGF enhancement of ACh release, suggesting the involvement of TrkA receptors, Ca(2+), and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, respectively. Forskolin (10 microm), a cAMP generator, enhanced constitutive ACh release but did not interact synergistically with NGF. Tetrodotoxin (1 microm) and cycloheximide (2 microm) did not prevent NGF-induced ACh release, indicative of action at the level of the cholinergic nerve terminal and that new protein synthesis is not required for this neurotransmitter-like effect, respectively. In contrast, after a 24 hr NGF treatment, distinct protein synthesis-dependent and independent effects on choline acetyltransferase activity and ACh release were observed. These results indicate that neuromodulator/neurotransmitter-like (protein synthesis-independent) and neurotrophic (translation-dependent) actions likely make distinct contributions to the enhancement of cholinergic activity by NGF.
Independently tunable dual-band perfect absorber based on graphene at mid-infrared frequencies (2015)

We design a dual-band absorber formed by combining two cross-shaped metallic resonators of different sizes within a super-unit-cell arranged in mirror symmetry. Simulations indicate that absorption efficiencies greater than 99% can be achieved at two different frequencies under normal incidence. We employ a design scheme with graphene integration, which allows independent tuning of individual absorption frequencies by electrostatically changing the Fermi energy of the graphene layer. High absorbance is maintained over a wide incident angle range up to 50 degrees for both TE and TM polarizations. It thus enables a promising way to design electrically tunable absorbers, which may contribute toward the realization of frequency selective detectors for sensing applications.
Speaker Clustering With Neural Networks And Audio Processing (2018)

Speaker clustering is the task of differentiating speakers in a recording. In a way, the aim is to answer "who spoke when" in audio recordings. A common method used in industry is feature extraction directly from the recording thanks to MFCC features, and by using well-known techniques such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). In this paper, we studied neural networks (especially CNN) followed by clustering and audio processing in the quest to reach similar accuracy to state-of-the-art methods.
Elimination of misfit dislocations in Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>/Si heterostructures by limited-area molecular-beam epitaxial growth (1992)

Limited-area molecular-beam epitaxial growth of Si1−xGex films, on a Si substrate with patterned SiO2, has been studied in order to eliminate misfit dislocations in Si1−xGex/Si heterostructures. This method is found to dramatically reduce misfit dislocations in Si1−xGex films. Hence, a thicker Si1−xGex film can be grown, without introducing misfit dislocations, on a Si substrate with patterned SiO2 than on a Si substrate without patterned SiO2. This phenomenon is attributed to the blocking of misfit dislocation extension and to a partial relaxation of the residual strain in the boundary between the crystal and polycrystalline Si1−xGex film.
Real-time detection of CO by eukaryotic cells (2010)

In this contribution, we focus on the detection of toxic gases with living eukaryotic cells. A cell-based gas sensor system, able to measure the effects of direct exposure of gases to cells in real-time, was set up. Impedance data as well as oxygen consumption of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) were analysed upon exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). The CO (diluted in wet synthetic air) affects the cell respiration as indicated by an attenuated respiration signal after the CO exposure as well as an instant increase of the capacitive part of the impedance signal during the gas exposure.
Acid distribution in chemically amplified extreme ultraviolet resist (2007)

Acid generators are sensitized by secondary electrons in chemically amplified resists for ionizing radiation. As acid generators react with low-energy electrons (as low as thermal energy), this sensitization mechanism generates a significant blur and an inhomogeneous acid distribution at the image boundary, which results in line edge roughness (LER) formation. The evaluation of resolution blur intrinsic to the reaction mechanisms is important in the optimization of resist processes for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, especially from the viewpoint of LER. In this study, the authors simulated acid generation induced by EUV photons in poly(4-hydroxystyrene) with 10wt% triphenylsulfonium triflate and clarified the extent of resolution blur in latent acid images and theoretical acid generation efficiency. The average distance between the EUV absorption point and the acid generation point (resolution blur) is 6.3nm. The theoretical acid generation efficiency through the ionization path is 2.6 per EUV photon in the model system. Considering the deprotonation efficiency of polymer radical cations and the contribution of electronic excited states, the acid generation efficiency including the excitation path is 2.0–2.8 in typical resist materials with 10wt% acid generator loading.
A Survey of School Lunch Practices (1955)

A Survey of School Lunch Practices Charles C. Wilson, and Eric W. Mood CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.45.2.163 Published Online: August 29, 2011
ERP implementation critical success factors-the role and impact of business process management (2002)

Variously called enterprises resource planning (ERP) systems, enterprise-wide systems, or enterprise business system, these comprehensive, package software solutions seek to integrate the complete range of a business's processes and functions in order to present a holistic view of the business from a single information and IT architecture. The critical success factors for ERP implementation include top management support, a clear business vision and issues specific to ERP such as ERP strategy and software configuration. However, some of the more important factors are the issue related to re-engineering business processes and the integration of various core processes to the ERP system.
The ghost of Anna O (1999)

The origin of the Freudian notion of 'the unconscious' is examined through the history of 'Anna O' (Bertha Pappenheim) and the early mistakes of Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud are highlighted. The theory of the unconscious, based on the idea of repression and conversion, is rejected as a mistake, caused by diagnostic error and the myth of 'hysteria'. With reference to the developmental theory of Daniel Stern and the brain research of Joseph LeDoux, an alternative view of the unconscious is approached.
Development of Driving Control System Based on Optimal Distribution for a 6WD/6WS Vehicle (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a driving controller to improve vehicle lateral stability and maneuverability for a six wheel driving / six wheel steering (6WD/6WS) vehicle. The driving controller consists of upper and lower level controller. The upper level controller based on sliding control theory determines front, middle steering angle, additional net yaw moment and longitudinal net force according to reference velocity and steering of a manual driving, remote control and autonomous controller. The lower level controller takes desired longitudinal net force, yaw moment and tire force information as an input and determines additional front steering angle and distributed longitudinal tire force on each wheel. This controller is based on optimal distribution control and has considered the friction circle related to vertical tire force and friction coefficient acting on the road and tire. Distributed longitudinal/lateral tire forces are determined in proportional to friction circle according to the changes of a driving condition. The response of the 6WD/6WS vehicle with the driving controller has been evaluated via computer simulations conducted using the Matlab/Simulink dynamic model. Computer simulations of a closed-loop driver model subjected to double lane change have been conducted to prove the improved performance of the proposed driving controller over a conventional direct yaw moment control (DYC). Adjustment weighting factors applied for the optimal distribution controller enhance performance by comparing controller applied fixed weighting factors.</div></div>
Characterization of the chemistry that occurs at the Alq 3 /alkali metal halide heterointerface using quantum chemical analyses (2002)

Investigations into the lithium fluoride and cesium fluoride/tris(quinolin-8-olato) aluminum (LiF-Alq<SUB>3</SUB> or CsF-Alq<SUB>3</SUB>) Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs have been undertaken using hybrid density functional calculations. The results of the calculations clearly show that there is a strong interaction that occurs between the metal fluoride and both the facial and the meridional isomers of Alq<SUB>3</SUB>. This strong interaction has the effect of modifying the electronic structure of Alq<SUB>3</SUB> and can be thought of as the first step in the formation of the highly effective Alq<SUB>3</SUB>/Metal Halide/Al electron injection contact.
Molecular genetics of<i>Erwinia amylovora</i>involved in the development of fire blight (2005)

The bacterial plant pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some Rosaceous plants like apple, pear, quince, raspberry and several ornamentals. Knowledge of the factors affecting the development of fire blight has mushroomed in the last quarter century. On the molecular level, genes encoding a Hrp type III secretion system, genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and genes facilitating the growth of E. amylovora in its host plants have been characterized. The Hrp pathogenicity island, delimited by genes suggesting horizontal gene transfer, is composed of four distinct regions, the hrp/hrc region, the HEE (Hrp effectors and elicitors) region, the HAE (Hrp-associated enzymes) region, and the IT (Island transfer) region. The Hrp pathogenicity island encodes a Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS), which delivers several proteins from bacteria to plant apoplasts or cytoplasm. E. amylovora produces two exopolysaccharides, amylovoran and levan, which cause the characteristic fire blight wilting symptom in host plants. In addition, other genes, and their encoded proteins, have been characterized as virulence factors of E. amylovora that encode enzymes facilitating sorbitol metabolism, proteolytic activity and iron harvesting. This review summarizes our understanding of the genes and gene products of E. amylovora that are involved in the development of the fire blight disease.
Engineering Green Lubricants I: Optimizing Thermal and Flow Properties of Linear Diesters Derived from Vegetable Oils (2016)

The crystallization, melting, and flow behaviors of a series of linear aliphatic diesters (chemical formula (C17H33COO)2[CH2]n) derived from vegetable oil feedstock were investigated as a function of the methylene spacer units between the two ester moieties (given by the diol chain length, n). The crystallization and melting behaviors were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and flow behavior and viscosity by rotational rheometry. The results show that quantifiable structure–property relationships exist between the methylene spacer units of the molecules and their physical properties, which can be used to custom-design green materials with controlled phase composition and physical properties such as melting and viscosity suitable for use in applications such as lubricants, phase change energy storage, or waxes.
Stopped-flow Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (2003)

A general survey of the analytical application of kinetic methodology in fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is presented. Stopped-flow mixing technique (SF) allows the initial rate of the immunochemical reaction between the tracer and the antibody to be obtained, which is used as the analytical parameter instead of the equilibrium signal used in conventional FPIA. The instrumentation required is described and the features of the analytical methods proposed are compared with those obtained by conventional FPIA. The usefulness of SF-FPIA for routine screening in clinical, environmental and food analysis is discussed.
Multi Junction Solar Cells Stacked with Transparent and Conductive Adhesive (2011)

We propose a polyimide transparent adhesive layer dispersed with In 2 O 3 –SnO 2 (ITO) conductive particles (polyimide-ITO) to be used in the mechanical stacking of solar cells. A 20-µm-thick polyimide-ITO layer had a high transmissivity from 78 to 80% for wavelengths ranging from 500 to 1000 nm and a low connecting resistivity of 2.3 Ω cm 2 at minimum. The fabrication of stacked cell consisting of a top hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p–i–n cell and a bottom hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin-layer (HIT)-type silicon cell was demonstrated using an intermediate polyimide-ITO layer. A high open circuit voltage of 1.34 V was experimentally obtained. Simultaneous electric power generation from the top and bottom solar cells was achieved.
Logical Neural Networks (2020)

We propose a novel framework seamlessly providing key properties of both neural nets (learning) and symbolic logic (knowledge and reasoning). Every neuron has a meaning as a component of a formula in a weighted real-valued logic, yielding a highly intepretable disentangled representation. Inference is omnidirectional rather than focused on predefined target variables, and corresponds to logical reasoning, including classical first-order logic theorem proving as a special case. The model is end-to-end differentiable, and learning minimizes a novel loss function capturing logical contradiction, yielding resilience to inconsistent knowledge. It also enables the open-world assumption by maintaining bounds on truth values which can have probabilistic semantics, yielding resilience to incomplete knowledge.
Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max) under rainfed conditions (2008)

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season in Indian in 2006 to study the effects of foliar applications of different concentrations of seaweed extract (prepared from Kappaphycus alvarezii) on nutrient uptake, growth and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown under rainfed conditions without the application of chemical fertilizers. The foliar spray was applied twice at seven concentrations (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15% v/v) of seaweed extract. Foliar applications of seaweed extract significantly enhanced yield parameters. The highest grain yield was recorded with applications of 15% seaweed extract, followed by 12.5% seaweed extract that resulted in 57% and 46% increases respectively compared to the control. The maximum straw yield was also achieved with 15% seaweed extract application. Improved nutrient uptake (N, P, K and S) was also observed with seaweed extract applications. Thus, under rainfed soybean production, foliar applications of seaweed extracts could be a promising option for yield enhancement.
Three-dimensional scaffold-free fusion culture: the way to enhance chondrogenesis of in vitro propagated human articular chondrocytes (2013)

Cartilage regeneration based on isolated and culture-expanded chondrocytes has been studied in various in vitro models, but the quality varies with respect to the morphology and the physiology of the synthesized tissues. The aim of our study was to promote in vitro chondrogenesis of human articular chondrocytes using a novel three-dimensional (3-D) cultivation system in combination with the chondrogenic differentiation factors transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-b2) and L-ascorbic acid. Articular chondrocytes isolated from six elderly patients were expanded in monolayer culture. A single-cell suspension of the dedifferentiated chondrocytes was then added to agar-coated dishes without using any scaffold material, in the presence, or absence of TGF-b2 and/or L-ascorbic acid. Three-dimensional cartilage-like constructs, called single spheroids, and microtissues consisting of several spheroids fused together, named as fusions, were formed. Generated tissues were mainly characterized using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The morphology of the in vitro tissues shared some similarities to native hyaline cartilage in regard to differentiated S100-positive chondrocytes within a cartilaginous matrix, with strong collagen type II expression and increased synthesis of proteoglycans. Finally, our innovative scaffold-free fusion culture technique supported enhanced chondrogenesis of human articular chondrocytes in vitro. These 3-D hyaline cartilage-like microtissues will be useful for in vitro studies of cartilage differentiation and regeneration, enabling optimization of functional tissue engineering and possibly contributing to the development of new approaches to treat traumatic cartilage defects or osteoarthritis.