gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 50 kW homopolar motor with superconducting field windings (1981)

A short description of the first superconducting motor in Finland is given. The project was completed in two years giving information of the feasibility of superconductivity and liquid metal current collection in motors with application in industry and ship propulsion.
Assessment of dispersion‐improved exchange‐correlation functionals for the simulation of CO<sub>2</sub> binding by alcoholamines (2014)

In this study, 12 bound complexes were selected to construct a database for testing 15 dispersion‐improved exchange‐correlation (XC) functionals, including hybrid generalized gradient approximation (GGA), modified using the Grimme's pairwise strategy, and double hybrid XC functionals, for specifically characterizing the CO 2 binding by alcoholamines. Bound complexes were selected based on the characteristics of their hydrogen bonds, dispersion, and electrostatic (particularly between the positive charge of CO 2 and the lone pair of N of alcoholamines) interactions. The extrapolated binding energy from the aug‐cc‐pVTZ (ATZ) to aug‐cc‐pVQZ (AQZ) basis set at the CCSD(T)/CBS(MP2+DZ) level was used as the reference for the XC functional comparison. M06‐2X produced the optimal agreement if the optimized geometries at MP2/ATZ level were chosen for all the test bound complexes. However, M06‐L, ωB97X, and ωB97, and were preferred if the corresponding density functional theory (DFT) optimized geometries were adapted for the benchmark. Simple bimolecular reaction between CO 2 and monoethanolamine simulated using polarizable continuum solvation model confirmed that ωB97, ωB97X, and ωB97XD qualitatively reproduced the energetics of MP2 level. The inconsistent performance of the tested XC functionals, observed when using MP2 or DFT optimized geometries, raised concerns regarding using the single‐point ab initio correction combined with DFT optimized geometry, particularly for determining the nucleophilic attack by alcoholamines to CO 2 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On-line garbage modeling for word and utterance verification in natural numbers recognition (2002)

On-line garbage modeling techniques have been shown to be a good alternative to traditional explicitly-trained garbage HMMs due to their low computational cost, their independence respect to any garbage training set and to the good results provided in several tasks related with rejection and keyword spotting. We present an extension of this techniques to word, pulse and utterance verification for real continuous speech recognition based applications. The combination of this method with application-dependent knowledge has provided a drastic control on the false alarm rate (down to 3.2%), while maintaining low and balanced performance in terms of string error rate and string rejection rate.
Using knowledge Graphs to Enhance the Interpretability of Clinical Decision Support Model (2020)

Current clinical practice relies heavily on technology to support decision-making. In particular, machine learning is increasingly used in decision support systems. This can be attributed to information overload, a fact that clinicians cannot consider all available information. The disadvantage of this method is that this kind of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) is usually a black box, and it can’t understand its decision-making reasons. However, in a healthcare environment, trust and accountability are important issues, and such systems should best be interpretable. In contrast, other areas rely almost entirely on observational or subjective patient reported questionnaires to quantify medical conditions. Developers need to use cognitive science based Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research methods to design practice models, including user-centered iterative design and common standards. The main work of this paper is to propose a clinical decision support model with enhanced interpretability, including an automated interface generation engine. In the design of personalized decision-making, enhance the universality of decision-making push. The clinical evidence is input and displayed in the form of tables, and the medical concepts and their matching with SNOMED CT terms, consistent navigation, and finally displayed in the form of knowledge spectrum. Enhance the flexibility of interaction and integrate workflow seamlessly. As a result, domain experts can get advice quickly and take appropriate actions at convenient points in the workflow without additional effort or delay. Optimizing the interaction and availability of CDSS with providers can enhance the use of CDSS. The iterative design of CDSS improves the usability of the system and the user’s popularity score. Our analysis shows that modern machine learning methods can provide interpretability compatible with domain Interpretation Knowledge Base (IKB) and traditional method ranking. Future work should focus on replicating these findings in other datasets and further testing different interpretable methods.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Activates Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Induces Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells (1999)

The cellular phospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), released by activated platelets and fibroblasts or, at high levels, from ovarian and cervical carcinomas is a powerful serum mitogen that may modulate several signaling pathways in endothelial cells (EC). Hence, LPA could function in a paracrine manner during EC-platelet interactions at sites of vascular injury. Here, we demonstrate activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in EC following exposure to LPA. EC activation was further characterized by increased levels of mRNA transcripts encoding E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Interleukin-8 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1. These effects were inhibited by preincubating EC either in the presence of mepacrine (to block phospholipase A2) or of pertussis toxin (to increase ADP-ribosylation of Gi proteins). No inhibition was observed in the presence of putative LPA receptor antagonists suramin or thrombospondin. LPA induces a proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells that (i) involves Gi proteins; (ii) depends on phospholipase A2 activity; (iii) is associated with the activation of NF-kappaB and (iv) results in increased expression of proinflammatory genes. We propose that LPA release by activated platelets may directly modulate vascular inflammatory responses.
Phytotoxins Produced by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus<i>Bipolar is bicolor</i>El-1 (1994)

Four phytotoxic compounds (1–4) were obtained from a culture of Bipolaris bicolor El-1, a fungal pathogen of gramineous plants. Compounds 1–3 were respectively identified as cochlioquinone A, cochlioquinone B, and stemphone by spectrometric analyses. Compound 4, named isocochlioquinone A, was found to have an identical molecular formula to that of 1 and was determined to be an intramolecular redox isomer of 1. Compounds 1–4 inhibited the root growth of such plant seedlings as finger millet and rice.
Activity and Attenuation Reconstruction for Positron Emission Tomography Using Emission Data Only Via Maximum Likelihood and Iterative Data Refinement (2007)

Emission computed tomography reconstruction requires compensation for photon attenuation. The usual way to do this is by performing a transmission scan to reconstruct the attenuation map. An important improvement could be achieved if it is possible to retrieve the attenuation map directly from the activity data. Several approaches have been suggested before to do this by using iterative methods for solving Maximum Likelihood (ML) problems (or Penalized Maximum Likelihood, MAP) that take into account the Poisson nature of the noise. One of the main drawbacks has been that these methods tend to retrieve solutions that generate an undesired `crosstalk' between the attenuation and the activity maps. In this paper, we present a new approach that consists of a combination of a minorizing function algorithm applied to the likelihood function plus the application of an appropriate decreasing multiplicative factor and iterative data refinement. We compare this new approach with previous ones and our simulations show very encouraging results as far as solving the `crosstalk' problem is concerned
A response to isoprenaline unrelated to α‐and β‐adrenoceptor agonism (1987)

The hypothesis that beta-adrenoceptor agonism might explain a reported lack of competitive antagonism between alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists and agonists of the phenylethylamine class was tested in the electrically field stimulated ileum of the guinea-pig. The beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, was used as the phenylethylamine and inhibition of 'twitch' response evoked by cholinergic stimulation was measured. In the presence of idazoxan (3 microM), to block inhibitory alpha 2-adrenoceptors, propranolol (0.1 to 5.0 microM) failed to act competitively toward isoprenaline. Isoprenaline responses totally resistant to inhibition by propranolol were obtained. As inhibitory alpha 1-adrenoceptors are absent from guinea-pig ileum, a recognition site distinct from the currently defined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors is postulated. Agonism by phenylethylamine based agonists at this site may explain their inability to act competitively with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.
Unique Features of Naive CD8+ T Cell Activation by IL-2 (2013)

IL-2 has a pervasive influence on the immune system and dictates the survival and differentiation of multiple T cell subsets, including CD4 regulatory T cells, CD4 Th cells, and CD8 memory cells. IL-2 is synthesized by T cells during the early stages of the immune response and promotes T cell expansion and effector cell generation after initial activation via TCR signaling. Based on studies with activated T cell lines maintained in vitro, IL-2 is known to activate multiple signaling pathways that show considerable overlap with the pathways elicited via the TCR. In this paper, we have examined IL-2 signaling under TCR-independent conditions, namely by culturing purified resting naive CD8 T cells with IL-2 in the absence of Ag or APC. Under these conditions, we show in this study that IL-2 elicits a unique pattern of signaling associated with strong lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase/JAK3-dependent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway with little or no involvement of STAT5, NF-κB, or the calcineurin/NFAT pathways. Such signaling induces marked proliferation associated with rapid and selective expression of eomesodermin but not T-bet and differentiation into long-lived central memory cells after adoptive transfer.
The Interplay between Vascular Function and Sexual Health in Prostate Cancer: The Potential Benefits of Exercise Training (2020)

Prostate cancer and its associated treatments can cause significant and lasting morbidities, such as cardiovascular and sexual dysfunctions. Various interventions have attempted to prevent or mitigate these dysfunctions. This review summarises the available evidence on the effects of exercise training on markers of cardiovascular disease (as assessed via vascular health outcomes) and sexual health in this prevalent cancer population. Current studies predominantly report blood pressure outcomes as a marker of vascular health, as well as various questionnaires assessing sexual health parameters, in men on active treatment (i.e., hormone or radiation therapies) or post-treatment. Preliminary evidence suggests that exercise interventions may elicit improvements in sexual function, but not blood pressure, in these populations. Future studies in more advanced and varied prostate cancer populations (i.e., those on chemotherapies or immunotherapies, or undergoing active surveillance) are required to ascertain the duration, intensity and frequency of exercise that optimises the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular and sexual dysfunctions (and their relationship) in men during and following treatment for prostate cancer.
Interleukin‐10 inhibits the primary allogeneic T cell response to human epidermal Langerhans cells (1994)

In this study, we analyzed the effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the primary allogeneic T cell response induced by human Langerhans cells (LC), the dendritic cells from epidermis. We showed that IL-10 strongly inhibited the T cell response, provided it was added at the beginning of the mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction (MELR). Proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets was affected by the cytokine. An inhibitory effect of IL-10 on human LC allostimulatory function was evidenced by the fact that IL-10-preincubated LC, but not IL-10-preincubated T cells, can display inhibitory effect. LC treatment with IL-10 partially inhibited the increase of HLA-DR expression on cultured LC as the percentage of highly positive HLA-DR cells was lower than that observed in the absence of the cytokine. IL-10 inhibited T cell alloreaction induced by 2-day-cultured human LC which constitutively display high levels of HLA class II, as well as ICAM-1 and LFA-3 antigens. This suggests that the suppressive effect of the cytokine was not merely related to an impaired up-regulation of these molecules. Addition of IL-1 during the MELR potentiated the allogeneic T cell proliferation and could reverse, at least partly, the inhibitory effect of IL-10. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-10 can prevent the alloreaction induced by human dendritic cells, providing new insights into the potential clinical use of this cytokine.
The Production of Diffraction Gratings: II The Design of Echelle Gratings and Spectrographs1 (1949)

In seeking to circumvent the difficulties that have limited production of ruled gratings having resolving powers in excess of 400,000, it is observed that resolving power at a given wave-length depends only on the ruled width of the grating and the angles of illumination and observation, and not specifically on the number of ruled grooves. The reflection echelon is a grating of high resolving power in which groove separation has been increased to a degree involving extreme sacrifice of free spectral range. It is suggested that much could be gained by producing a grating with only as many reflecting grooves per inch as are needed to give sufficient free spectral range to avoid difficulties arising from overlapping of orders. For the study of Zeeman effects, hyperfine structure, and complex atomic and molecular spectra, 20 wave numbers of free spectrum should suffice, which would require use of about 100 grooves per inch. Such gratings, having a simple step groove form that reflects light of all orders in a narrow bundle, and designed to be used at an angle of incidence greater than 45° and normal to the narrow side of the “step,” may be designated “echelles,” as intermediate in character between the echellette and the echelon. Echelles should lend themselves to production of very powerful compact spectrographs giving single-exposure coverage of broad spectral ranges. A 10-inch echelle having 1000 grooves of width 0.25 mm, each with one flat side 0.05 mm deep, gives at 5000A a theoretical resolving power of one million, a free spectral range of 5A and a plate factor of 0.2 A/mm, when used with a lens or mirror of only 250 cm focal length. It should thus be as powerful as a 10-inch concave grating of 42 ft. radius having 30,000 grooves per inch when used in the third order, and would be much faster even though used with a lens of less than 75 mm aperture. When crossed with a suitable prism or grating of low dispersion this echelle should, without overlapping of orders, produce spectrograms having a range of 10,000 wave numbers or more on a single plate, instead of the 5 to 25 plates required by the equivalent orthodox grating in the Paschen-Runge mount. The echelle spectrograph would also offer great gains in stability and portability. Problems and possibilities of the production of original and replica echelles are discussed, and it is shown that the reduction of ruling time from weeks to hours makes interferometric control of groove spacing in gratings appear feasible for the first time.
Power Flow Solution by Newton's Method (1967)

The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
Using Perceptual Texture Masking for Efficient Image Synthesis (2002)

Texture mapping has become indispensable in image synthesis as an inexpensive source of rich visual detail. Less obvious, but just as useful, is its ability to mask image errors due to inaccuracies in geometry or lighting. This ability can be used to substantially accelerate rendering by eliminating computations when the resulting errors will be perceptually insignificant. Our new method precomputes the masking ability of textures using aspects of the JPEG image compression standard. This extra information is stored as threshold elevation factors in the texture's mip-map and interpolated at image generation time as part of the normal texture lookup process. Any algorithm which uses error tolerances or visibility thresholds can then take advantage of texture masking. Applications to adaptive shadow testing, irradiance caching, and path tracing are demonstrated. Unlike prior methods, our approach does not require that initial images be computed before masking can be exploited and incurs only negligible runtime computational overhead. Thus, it is much easier to integrate with existing rendering systems for both static and dynamic scenes and yields computational savings even when only small amounts of texture masking are present. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
Methylation of Poloxamine for Enhanced Cell Adhesion (2005)

Aiming at producing a synthetic collagen-mimetic material that is stiffer than collagen but that like collagen allows both cell encapsulation and cell growth on the surface, a positively charged poloxamine hydrogel was prepared by methylating the tertiary amine groups of a four-arm poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymer derivative (Tetronic 1107). This derivative was subsequently reacted with methacryloyl isocyanate, rendering positively charged materials that are further cross-linkable by a photointiated free radical polymerization. Different hydrogels containing methylated poloxamine methacrylate concentrations between 6% and 18% were produced and characterized by means of water uptake and viscoelastic properties. A sharp increase in water content was observed in distilled water during the first week; some of the gels showed water uptakes as high as 2 times the initial wet weight. In PBS, this effect was less prominent due to the decrease in the osmotic gradient. Also, a gradual increase of both the storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G") resulted from increasing the polymer concentration: for example, G' values ranged between 70 and 23000 Pa for 6% and 18% methylated poloxamine methacrylate hydrogels (at 1 Hz, 100 Pa of oscillatory stress). HepG2 cells embedded in different compositions and exposed to UV light displayed good viability levels after the cross-linking, unlike a previously reported attempt at creating a synthetic collagen-mimetic material. A well-spread endothelial cell morphology was apparent on methylated poloxamine films after preincubation in serum-containing medium, while on unmodified poloxamine methacrylate hydrogels cells attached poorly. However, EC did not attach well to the same material when fabricated not as films but as cylindrical modules as needed for the modular construct for which this material was intended. Thus, for this apparently more challenging geometry, it was necessary to combine collagen with the methylated poloxamine to have good attachment of EC on the surface of modules as well as films. While the challenge of creating a synthetic alternative to collagen as a stiffer cell-compatible substrate remains, methylated poloxamine displays many of the attributes that make it a useful material for tissue engineering.
Criteria for the selection of a solid phase to be used in immunoassays. (1990)

Heterogeneous immunoassays are very sensitive and only limited in terms of performance by non specific binding. They require separation of free from bound fractions and concomitant use of a solid phase coated with an immunoreactive component (i.e. immunosorbent). The improvement of these key immunosorbents is crucial and involves a great deal of expertise and capabilities. Specifications differ according to procedure (e.g. capture or competitive assay). Each routinely used solid phase, such as polystyrene wells, porous membrane or dispersible microbeads, presents specific performance characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks. Among the tasks to be implemented are optimization of the spatial orientation of immunological reagents, selection of the surface neutral hydrophilic support, acceleration of reactions by increasing the reactive surface area of the supports, streamlining and simplification of procedural steps. These various aspects are abundantly described and emphasized here.
On the formation of ordered two-dimensional molecular assemblies (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the formation of ordered two-dimensional molecular assembliesAbraham Ulman and Raymond P. ScaringeCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 3, 894–897Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00039a025https://doi.org/10.1021/la00039a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts