gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications (1995)

Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic is a true magnum opus. An enlargement of Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty,
and Information—an earlier work of Professor Klir and Tina Folger—Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
addresses practically every significant topic in the broad expanse of the union of fuzzy set theory
and fuzzy logic. To me Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic is a remarkable achievement; it covers its vast
territory with impeccable authority, deep insight and a meticulous attention to detail.
To view Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic in a proper perspective, it is necessary to clarify a point
of semantics which relates to the meanings of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic.
A frequent source of misunderstanding fias to do with the interpretation of fuzzy logic. The
problem is that the term fuzzy logic has two different meanings. More specifically, in a narrow
sense, fuzzy logic, FLn, is a logical system which may be viewed as an extension and generalization
of classical multivalued logics. But in a wider sense, fuzzy logic, FL^ is almost synonymous
with the theory of fuzzy sets. In this context, what is important to recognize is that: (a) FLW is much
broader than FLn and subsumes FLn as one of its branches; (b) the agenda of FLn is very different
from the agendas of classical multivalued logics; and (c) at this juncture, the term fuzzy logic is
usually used in its wide rather than narrow sense, effectively equating fuzzy logic with FLW
In Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, fuzzy logic is interpreted in a sense that is close to FLW. However,
to avoid misunderstanding, the title refers to both fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic.
Underlying the organization of Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic is a fundamental fact, namely,
that any field X and any theory Y can be fuzzified by replacing the concept of a crisp set in X and Y
by that of a fuzzy set. In application to basic fields such as arithmetic, topology, graph theory, probability
theory and logic, fuzzification leads to fuzzy arithmetic, fuzzy topology, fuzzy graph theory,
fuzzy probability theory and FLn. Similarly, hi application to applied fields such as neural network
theory, stability theory, pattern recognition and mathematical programming, fuzzification leads to
fuzzy neural network theory, fuzzy stability theory, fuzzy pattern recognition and fuzzy mathematical
programming. What is gained through fuzzification is greater generality, higher expressive
power, an enhanced ability to model real-world problems and, most importantly, a methodology for
exploiting the tolerance for imprecision—a methodology which serves to achieve tractability,
High-Density FinFET One-Time Programmable Memory Cell With Intra-Fin-Cell-Isolation Technology (2015)

The one-time programmable (OTP) cell with intra-Fin-cell-isolation (IFCI) on the FinFET high-k metal gate (HKMG) CMOS process is proposed and demonstrated. The field-enhanced dielectric breakdown at Fin corners enables this OTP cell to be operated at low program voltage with fast program speed. The new intra-Fin cell-to-cell isolation eliminates the required wide spacing in the conventional isolation schemes, which successfully shields the neighboring cells from program and read disturbs. Without introducing extra masks or process steps, the CMOS compatible IFCI OTP cell achieves an ultrasmall cell size of 0.076 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . More than six orders of ON-/OFF-read window is achieved under 4 V programming within 20 μs.
Epigenetic Silencing of <i>Cell Adhesion Molecule 1</i> in Different Cancer Progenitor Cells of Transgenic <i>c-Myc</i> and <i>c-Raf</i> Mouse Lung Tumors (2008)

Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer is a prerequisite toward treatment. To enable mechanistic investigations into the epigenetic regulation of the tumor suppressor gene cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1) in lung cancer progenitor cells, we developed 10 cell lines from single, spontaneously transformed lung tumor cells isolated from c-Myc and c-Raf double-transgenic mice. Specifically, we investigated Cadm1 promoter hypermethylation, which was significantly induced in transgenic transformed cells. Analysis of 69 CpGs displayed differential methylation pattern between and within progenitor cell lines, and the degree of methylation correlated well with transcriptional repression. Indeed, restoration of Cadm1 gene expression was achieved by treatment with the experimental demethylating drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, methylation of core CpGs in the binding sites of Sp1, Sp3, and zinc finger 5 along the promoter region of Cadm1 abrogated DNA-protein binding. Treatment with mithramycin A, an inhibitor of Sp1 or Sp3 binding, resulted in reduction of Cadm1 gene expression, therefore suggesting a potential role of Sp1/Sp3 in Cadm1 regulation. Identifying molecular rules for the epigenetic control of tumor suppressor genes enables mechanistic insights into lung cancer growth and opportunities for novel therapies.
Fundamental kinetics of methane oxidation in supercritical water (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFundamental kinetics of methane oxidation in supercritical waterPaul A. Webley and Jefferson W. TesterCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 3, 411–419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00027a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views678Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Lung: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Lung Adenocarcinoma (1999)

Bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma (BAC) exhibits many features that distinguish it from bronchogenic carcinomas. For early detection, therapy, and prevention of BAC, it is essential to understand its pathogenesis. Development of BAC appears to be stepwise, and the earliest lesion to be recognized is atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), the proliferative lesion of atypical epithelial cells along the alveolar septa. Our review of the studies of AAH revealed that certain populations of AAH cells exhibit active proliferation, aneuploidy, 3p and 9p deletions, K-ras codon 12 mutation, and disruption of the cell cycle control, but p53 gene aberrations are rare and telomerase activation is absent. We emphasize that AAH is an alveolar intraepithelial neoplasia. This allows more precise analyses of the process and mechanism of the development of BAC. Furthermore, AAH could serve as a surrogate end-point biomarker in future chemoprevention trials. The criteria for the diagnosis of AAH and related lesions should be established as early as possible.
Syntheses of 2‐(N‐2‐hydroxyalkyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphates and their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties (1990)

A series of new phosphate type of amphoterics having a 2‐hydroxyalkyl group as a hydrocarbon chain, 2‐(N‐2‐hydroxyalkyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphates (alkyl[R]:dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl), was synthesized and their physicochemical properties—isoelectric point, critical micelle concentration (CMCs), occupied area/molecule at interface and the change of free energy of micellization—and antimicrobial properties were investigated in comparison with those of sodium 2‐(N‐alkyl‐N‐methylamino)ethyl hydrogen phosphates. It was found that the CMCs and the occupied areas were observed to decrease due to a phosphobetaine moiety and a 2‐hydroxyethyl group. Solution properties of the binary system of SDS/2‐(N‐2‐hydroxytetradecyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate in aqueous solutions were studied in terms of surface tension and pH value. On the other hand, it was observed that the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of 2‐(N‐2‐hydroxyhexadecyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate against fungi were smaller than those of chlorhexidine digluconate.
Identification of differentially expressed genes by serial analysis of gene expression in human prostate cancer. (2001)

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in American males. To better understand the genetic bases of this disease, we have generated a comprehensive molecular profile of human prostate. The gene expression pattern in normal and prostate cancer tissues was analyzed by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). A total of 133,217 transcripts were analyzed, and 35,185 distinct SAGE tags were identified representing 19,287 genes. Comparison of the transcripts in normal and tumor tissue revealed 156 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05), of which 88 genes were up-regulated and 68 genes were down-regulated in the tumor tissue. Based on SAGE data, we estimate that the transcriptome for human prostate is approximately 37,000. Several differentially expressed genes identified by SAGE were selected for confirmation using immunohistochemistry. Some genes (e.g., E2F4) were overexpressed in tumor epithelial cells and some (e.g., Daxx) were increased in tumor stroma. Further characterization of the role of E2F4 and Daxx as well as other differentially expressed genes may provide useful insights into the mechanism of prostate cancer development.
Linear models for keystream generators (1996)

It is shown that an arbitrary binary keystream generator with M bits of memory can be linearly modeled as a non-autonomous linear feedback shift register of length at most M with an additive input sequence of nonbalanced identically distributed binary random variables. The sum of the squares of input correlation coefficients over all the linear models of any given length proves to be dependent on a keystream generator. The minimum and maximum values of the correlation sum along with the necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be achieved are established. An effective method for the linear model determination based on the linear sequential circuit approximation of autonomous finite-state machines is developed. Linear models for clock controlled shift registers and arbitrary shift register based keystream generators are derived. Several examples including the basic summation generator, the clock-controlled cascade, and the shrinking generator are presented. Linear models are the basis for a general structure-dependent and initial-state-independent statistical test. They may also be used for divide and conquer correlation attacks on the initial state. Security against the corresponding statistical attack appears hard to control in practice and generally hard to achieve with simple keystream generator schemes.
Diphtheria toxin- and Pseudomonas A toxin-mediated apoptosis. ADP ribosylation of elongation factor-2 is required for DNA fragmentation and cell lysis and synergy with tumor necrosis factor-α (1992)

We have reported that diphtheria toxin (DTX) mediates target cell lysis and intranucleosomal DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) and also synergizes with TNF-alpha. In this paper, we examined which step in the pathway of DTX-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis was important for induction of cytolytic activity and for synergy. Using a DTX-sensitive tumor cell line, we first examined the activity of the mutant CRM 197, which does not catalyze the ADP ribosylation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2). CRM 197 was not cytolytic for target cells and did not mediate intranucleosomal DNA fragmentation of viable cells. The failure of CRM 197 to mediate target cell lysis suggested that the catalytic activity of DTX is prerequisite for target cell lysis. This was corroborated by demonstrating that MeSAdo, which blocks the biosynthesis of diphthamide, inhibited DTX-mediated protein synthesis inhibition and also blocked target cell lysis. Furthermore, the addition of nicotinamide, which competes with NAD+ on the DTX action site of EF-2, also blocked DTX-mediated lysis. These findings suggest that ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 may be a necessary step in the pathway leading to target cell lysis. In contrast to the sensitive line, the SKOV-3 tumor cell line is sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition by DTX but is not susceptible to cytolysis and apoptosis by DTX. Thus, protein synthesis inhibition by DTX is not sufficient to mediate target cell lysis. The synergy in cytotoxicity obtained with the combination of DTX and TNF-alpha was examined in order to determine the pathway mediated by DTX in synergy. Like the direct lysis by DTX, synergy was significantly reduced by MeSAdo and by nicotinamide. Furthermore, synergy was not observed with combination of CRM 197 and TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate that, in synergy, DTX may utilize the same pathway required for its cytolytic activity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin shared most the properties shown for DTX. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that DTX-mediated apoptosis is initiated at a step beyond the ADP ribosylation of EF-2.
Antioxidant Mechanism of Carnosic Acid:  Structural Identification of Two Oxidation Products (2001)

To determine the antioxidant mechanism of food phenolics against the oxidation of food components, the reaction of carnosic acid, an antioxidative constituent of the popular herbs sage and rosemary, was investigated in the presence of ethyl linoleate and the radical oxidation initiator 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile). During this process, carnosic acid was oxidized to an o-quinone and a hydroxy p-quinone, the chemical structures of which were confirmed by physical and chemical techniques. From a quantitative time course analysis of the production of these quinones, an antioxidant mechanism of carnosic acid is proposed, consisting of the oxidative coupling reaction with the peroxyl radical at the 12- or 14-position of carnosic acid and subsequent degradation reactions.
Determination of soil ionic concentration using impedance spectroscopy (2013)

This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the soil ionic concentration by way of multi-frequency impedance measurements and using the quasi-static dielectric mixing models to infer the various ionic concentrations. In our approach, the permittivity of the soil dielectric mixture is measured using impedance spectroscopy and the results are used as input parameters to dielectric mixing models, combined with the debye-type dielectric relaxation models. We observe that the dielectric mixing models work well for low RF (radio-frequency) range and help in determining the individual ionic concentration in a multi-component soil mixture. Using the fact that the permittivity of a dielectric mixture is proportional to its impedance, we validated our approach by making multi-frequency impedance measurements of a soil mixture at different concentrations of various components. The method provides a good estimate of individual components such as air, water and ions like nitrates. While the paper is written with the perspective of soil constituent concentration determination, the underlying principle of determining individual component concentration using multi-frequency impedance measurement is applicable more generally in areas such as characterizing biological systems like pathogens, quality control of pharmaceuticals etc.
The 14-3-3 Protein Forms a Molecular Complex with Heat Shock Protein Hsp60 and Cellular Prion Protein (2005)

The 14-3-3 protein family consists of acidic 30-kDa proteins composed of 7 isoforms expressed abundantly in neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The 14-3-3 protein identified in the cerebrospinal fluid provides a surrogate marker for premortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, although an active involvement of 14-3-3 in the pathogenesis of prion diseases remains unknown. By protein overlay and mass spectrometric analysis of protein extract of NTera2-derived differentiated neurons, we identified heat shock protein Hsp60 as a 14-3-3-interacting protein. The 14-3-3zeta and gamma isoforms interacted with Hsp60, suggesting that the interaction is not isoform-specific. Furthermore, the interaction was identified in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, U-373MG astrocytoma, and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. The cellular prion protein (PrPC) along with Hsp60 was coimmunoprecipitated with 14-3-3 in the human brain protein extract. By protein overlay, 14-3-3 interacted with both recombinant human Hsp60 and PrPC produced by Escherichia coli, indicating that the molecular interaction is phosphorylation-independent. The 14-3-3-binding domain was located in the N-terminal half (NTF) of Hsp60 spanning amino acid residues 27-287 and the NTF of PrPC spanning amino acid residues 23-137. By immunostaining, the 14-3-3 protein Hsp60 and PrPC were colocalized chiefly in the mitochondria of human neuronal progenitor cells in culture, and were coexpressed most prominently in neurons and reactive astrocytes in the human brain. These observations indicate that the 14-3-3 protein forms a molecular complex with Hsp60 and PrPC in the human CNS under physiological conditions and suggest that this complex might become disintegrated in the pathologic process of prion diseases.
Study on Training System and Continuous Improving Mechanism for Mechanical Engineering (2015)

In view of the Zhejiang province industry characteristics and the demand for talents in the field of mechanical engineering, combined with the advantages, the orientation for training talent with the coordinated development of "knowledge, ability and quality" is put forward. This paper analyzes the training target and plan in mechanical engineering, sets the practice links to enhance the students' engineering consciousness, practical ability and innovation ability, and establishes quality monitoring and evaluation system. On the basis of the intelligent manufacturing system, the intelligent plant experimental system based on industry 4.0 is developed. Taking the training target as the starting point, the complete system with the closed loops is formed, which is composed of students, graduation requirements, continuous improvements, curriculum programs, and supporting conditions. A mechanism for continuous improvement is developed, due to which a healthy cycle comes into being. Therefore the quality of engineering education can be greatly improved.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Targets' Vital Signs Using MIMO Radar (2018)

This paper proposes a method for simultaneous detection of multiple vital signs using MIMO radar. Signal separation is performed by eigen-beamforming technique. The experiment with two subjects proved the multiple targets' vital signs are successfully separated independently to the distance between the targets.
Metrics for Ranking Ontologies (2006)

Representing knowledge using domain ontologies has shown to be a useful mechanism and format for managing and exchanging information. Due to the di#culty and cost of building ontologies, a number of ontology libraries and search engines are coming to existence to facilitate reusing such knowledge structures. The need for ontology ranking techniques is becoming crucial as the number of ontologies available for reuse is continuing to grow. In this paper we present AKTiveRank, a prototype system for ranking ontologies based on the analysis of their structures. We describe the metrics used in the ranking system and present an experiment on ranking ontologies returned by a popular search engine for an example query.
Banding Artifact Reduction for a Class of Color Electrophotographic Printers With Underactuated Motor/Gear Configuration (2008)

A servo control architecture is proposed for a class of color electrophotographic printers with underactuated motor/gear configuration. The insufficiency and performance limitation of using single actuator (either motor or laser intensity control) to reduce periodic imaging artifact, i.e., banding, for this type of systems is presented. The proposed dual-actuator control scheme consists of a conventional Hinfin feedback controller and a nonlinear feedforward controller. The feedback controller regulates the motor velocity to reduce the effect of disturbances and system sensitivity on the intermediate transfer belt, and the feedforward controller modulates the laser intensity to compensate for the reflectance variation associated with the disturbances on the photoconductive drum. Experiments based on the proposed scheme are performed and show significant banding reduction on both the measured reflectance and the printed images.
Endocytosis of the glucose transporter GLUT8 is mediated by interaction of a dileucine motif with the β2-adaptin subunit of the AP-2 adaptor complex (2006)

The glucose transporter GLUT8 cycles between intracellular vesicles and the plasma membrane. Like the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, GLUT8 is primarily located in intracellular compartments under basal conditions. Whereas translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane is stimulated by insulin, the distribution of GLUT8 is not affected by insulin treatment in adipose cells. However, blocking endocytosis by co-expression of a dominant-negative dynamin GTPase (K44A) or mutation of the N-terminal dileucine (LL(12/13)) motif in GLUT8 leads to accumulation of the glucose transporter at the cell surface in a variety of different cell types. Yeast two-hybrid analyses and GST pulldown assays reveal that the LL signal constitutes a binding site for the beta2-adaptin subunit of the heterotetrameric AP-2 adaptor complex, implicating this motif in targeting of GLUT8 to clathrin-coated vesicles. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid assays provide evidence that the binding site for the LL motif maps to the appendage domain of beta2-adaptin. To analyze the biological significance of the LL/beta2 interaction, we utilized RNA interference to specifically knockdown AP-2. Our results show that RNAi-mediated targeting of the mu2 subunit leads to cellular depletion of AP-2, but not AP-1 adaptor complexes in HeLa cells. As a consequence, GLUT8 accumulates at the plasma membrane at comparable levels to those observed in K44A-transfected cells. Conversely, the intracellular localization of mutant GLUT8-LL/AA is restored by replacing the LL motif in GLUT8 with the transferrin receptor-derived mu2-adaptin binding motif YTRF, indicating that for endocytosis both AP-2 binding motifs can substitute for each other. Thus, our data demonstrate that recruitment of GLUT8 to the endocytic machinery occurs via direct interaction of the dileucine motif with beta2-adaptin, and that endocytosis might be the main site at which GLUT8 is likely to be regulated.
An automatic tuning and neutralization technique for semiconductor devices (1964)

AUTOMATIC TUNING similar to that used with vacuum-tube rt circuits, can be used to tune varactor multipliers and to neutralize transistor amplifiers by the method to be describe. Thus tedious interacting adjustments can be eliminated.
Coded modulation scheme employing turbo codes (1995)

The authors present a turbo coding scheme for bandwidth-efficient modulation that outperforms turbo coding with Gray mapping by employing Ungerboeck codes as component codes. The scheme can be decoded iteratively and achieves very good bit error rates at low signal to noise ratios after a small number of iterations. 8PSK is used as an example, although the scheme can be extended to other constellations.