gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective inhibition of the nephrotoxicity of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) by WR-2721 without altering its antitumor properties. (1980)

Injection of 200 mg/kg of body weight of WR-2721 30 minutes before graded doses of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cisplatin) increased the resistance of Fischer 344 rats to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by a factor of 1.7, but did not alter the sensitivity of three different transplanted tumors to cisplatin-induced growth delay. As a consequence, it was possible to administer doses of cisplatin which would have been lethal in the absence of WR-2721 injection, resulting in a proportionally greater tumor response. WR-2721 can, therefore, increase the effectiveness of cisplatin therapy through selective protection against the toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
Initiating Change Through Alliance and Network-Building (1995)

No abstract available for this article.
Laser microstructured metal thin films as promising alternative for indium based transparent electrodes (2016)

In the search for alternative materials to replace indium-tin-oxide in transparent electrodes we have structured copper and aluminum thin films (between 5 an 40 nm) for tailoring their optical properties. Micrometer scaled holes were produced using the direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) technique. We compared the optical and electrical parameters of nanosecond and picosecond processed thin films. It was found that the optical transmittance of the structured layers was relatively increased between 25 to 125% while the electrical resistance was marginally influenced. In addition, the laser treatment enhanced the diffuse to total transmission ratio (HAZE) by values ranging from 30 to 82% (relative) as a potential advantage of μm structuring. The results also show that both of the studied metals succeed to match the target which is set by typical applications of indium thin oxide (ITO) films. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed in order to understand the ablation process of thin film material for ps and ns pulses.
Susceptibility of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells to Parthenolide-Induced Apoptosis (2005)

Cholangiocarcinomas are intrahepatic bile duct carcinomas that are known to have a poor prognosis. Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, which is the principal active component in medicinal plants, has been used to treat tumors. Parthenolide effectively induced apoptosis in all four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. However, the sarcomatous SCK cells were more sensitive to parthenolide than the other adenomatous cholangiocarcinoma cells. Therefore, this study investigated whether or not the expression of p53, the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) determines the enhanced drug susceptibility of SCK cells. The results showed that Bcl-2 family molecules, such as Bid, Bak, and Bax, are involved in the parthenolide-induced apoptosis and that the defective expression of Bcl-X(L) might contribute to the higher parthenolide sensitivity in the SCK cells than in the other adenomatous cholangiocarcinoma cells. SCK cells, which stably express Bcl-X(L), were resistant to parthenolide, whereas Bcl-X(L)-positive Choi-CK cells transfected with the antisense Bcl-X(L) showed a higher parthenolide sensitivity than the vector control cells. Molecular dissection revealed that Bcl-X(L) inhibited the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (deltapsi(m)), decreased the release of cytochrome c, decreased the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and eventually inhibited apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that parthenolide effectively induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, and that the susceptibility to parthenolide in cholangiocarcinoma cells might be modulated by Bcl-X(L) expression in association with Bax translocation to the mitochondria.
Tailoring the intrinsic metallic states of double-walled nanotube films by self-soldered laser welding (2007)

The metallic state and resistivity of interconnected double-walled carbon nanotube bundles have been tuned by modifying two major components, including (1) structure of the bundles and (2) contacts at the heterojunctions between the bundles. Infrared laser illumination at controlled intensity on the nanotubes produces an amorphous carbon coating that subsequently serves as the solder material to weld the bundles at their heterojunction sites. The results show that without selective etching of metallic or semiconductor species, the crossover temperature at which metallic behavior changes to semiconducting can be tuned within a wide range (25–150K).
Effects of Seed Vigor on Crop Characters in Uniform and Reduced Populations of Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) (1989)

Abstract The relationship between seed corn vigor and some crop characters in uniform and reduced plant populations is poorly defined. This study, was designed to define the crop characters through which seed vigor is expressed in reduced and uniform populations of corn and to clarify which experimental technique should be used in seed vigor studies. Seeds of two corn hybrids, A632 x (H99 x H95) and B73 x (H99 x H95), were dried at two temperatures, 35 °C and 50 o C, and planted near Ames, Iowa, in 1983. The two drying temperatures created differential vigor levels between the seed lots. There were 21 crop characters measured in two populations, reduced populations due to lack of seed vigor and uniform population (thinning to stand). Early vegetative growth was influenced by seed vigor, but as the plant aged, the influence of seed vigor decreased. Increased early plant height, up to 6 weeks old, small stem diameter, low shoot dry‐matter content, delay in days from sowing to 50 % tasseling and to 50 % silking, narrow penultimate and ear leaf, and reduction in the number of ears and tiller production were observed in the uniform population. The differences in population density due to seed vigor did not have a significant effect on final grain yield inasmuch as plants in the reduced populations were able to compensate completely for missing stands.
Dry Powder Deposition and Compaction for Functionally Graded Ceramics (2006)

Functionally graded ceramics, with property variations realized via local compositional changes or porosity, are fabricated by powder deposition and compaction. A removable fixture is used to control the location of dry powders to produce a macroscopic powder array with 2‐D or 3‐D compositional variations. A new method is presented that relies on traditional powder pressing techniques to create spatial variation in composition and density. The fixture is removed before conventional powder compaction. This dry powder deposition and compaction method is capable of producing large monolithic bodies with functional gradients. This method produces designs with 3 mm discrete regions or pixels that have a normalized positional tolerance of 0.6% for a 39 mm substrate size. The method is used to realize a UHF antenna substrate with spatially variable dielectric properties.
<i>PTPRD</i> is Homozygously Deleted and Epigenetically Downregulated in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas (2015)

PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D) is a tumor suppressor gene, frequently inactivated through deletions or epigenetic mechanisms in several cancers with importance for global health. In this study, we provide new and functionally integrated evidence on genetic and epigenetic alterations of PTPRD gene in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Importantly, HCC is the sixth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. We used a high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray assay (Affymetrix, 10K2.0 Assay) covering the whole genome to screen an extensive panel of HCC cell lines (N=14 in total) to detect DNA copy number changes. PTPRD expression was determined in human HCCs by Q-RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Promoter hypermethylation was assessed by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) and/or histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostain A (TSA) were used to restore the expression. We identified homozygous deletions in Mahlavu and SNU475 cells, in the 5'UTR and coding regions, respectively. PTPRD mRNA expression was downregulated in 78.5% of cell lines and 82.6% of primary HCCs. PTPRD protein expression was also found to be lost or reduced in HCC tumor tissues. We found promoter hypermethylation in 22.2% of the paired HCC samples and restored PTPRD expression by 5-AzaC and/or TSA treatments. In conclusion, PTPRD is homozygously deleted and epigenetically downregulated in HCCs. We hypothesize PTPRD as a tumor suppressor candidate and potential cancer biomarker in human HCCs. This hypothesis is consistent with compelling evidences in other organ systems, as discussed in this article. Further functional assays in larger samples may ascertain the contribution of PTPRD to hepatocarcinogenesis in greater detail, not to forget its broader importance for diagnostic medicine and the emerging field of personalized medicine in oncology.
An evaluation of multiple-disk I/O systems (1989)

Alternative ways of configuring an I/O subsystem with multiple disks to improve the I/O performance are considered. Specifically, the author consider disk synchronization, data declustering/disk striping, and a combination of both these approaches. They evaluate many different organizations that have not been considered before. The effects of block size and other parameters of the system are examined. Two different workloads are considered for the evaluation: a file/transaction system workload and a scientific applications workload. Through simulations it is shown that synchronized organizations perform better than other organizations at very low request rates; that there is a tradeoff in the amount of declustering/synchronization to be used in a system; and that systems with higher parallelism in reading a file perform better in a scientific workload.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REVIEWS (1958)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access De Spiritu Sancto. Der Beitrag des Basilius zum Abschluβ des trinitarischen Dogmas. By HERMANN DÖRRIES. Pp. 199. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Klasse, Dritte Folge, Nr. 39. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1956. DM. 15. J. N. D. KELLY J. N. D. KELLY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume IX, Issue 1, April 1958, Pages 164–166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/IX.1.164 Published: 01 April 1958
Manganese and Iron Related Problems in Water Supplies - Observations and Research Needs (1989)

Observations relevant to the increasing occurrence of iron and manganese related dirty water problems in Australia's potable water supplies are presented with emphasis on management issues relevant to the solution of such problems. An assessment of the areas requiring additional investigation is presented.
On The Laws Of Laser Speckle Movement In Space (1985)

AbstractStatistica]. Optics are used to derive a set of equations that govern the spatial movement of laser speckles.Experiments were resigned tc verify the validity of these equations.IntroductiononWhen an optically rough surface L]/urinated 1-y a coherent keam is displaced in space, the speckle field infront of the surface roves in response. The laws that descril_e the relationship between these two i.cvementsplay a fundamental role in the application of speciile photography to mechanical. measurement. Considerable efforts1 -7 have been devoted. to the study of this subject. The laws that have keen proposed may be dividedinto two categories: one that relates the change of incident and reflection direction of the illuminatingbeam, and one that governs the change of incident and reflection distances of the team. Fhile there is agree-rent on the first category of the equations, two schools of thought exist for the second category. One group 4 postulates that the stun of incident and reflection distances remain.. constant during the speckle rrovelren_t
Pilot Study (2007)

Previous research has demonstrated that exercise participation benefits certain psychological outcomes. However, few studies have examined the dose-response relationship between the various components of an exercise program (intensity, duration, frequency) and these outcomes. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to compare psychological outcomes resulting from participation in a 6-month exercise program for either 30- or 60-min per day. METHODS: Young overweight women (n=10, M age = 22.8 yrs, MBMI=32.0) completed psychological measures [Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP); Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (EE); Self-Esteem Scale (S-E); Satisfaction with Physical Function and Appearance (Sat); Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Dep)] at baseline and at the end of a 6-month exercise program. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise for either 30 minutes or 60 minutes/day 3 days/week for 6 months. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated from baseline to 6-months for each group. RESULTS: ESs indicated that both durations of exercise resulted in small improvements in Dep. However, 60-min of 30 min exercise resulted in larger positive effects on i6o mm PSPP, EE, S-E, and Sat than did 30-min of exercise (see Figure). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that participation in 60 minutes of aerobic exercise results in better psychological outcomes in physical self-perception, exercise self-efficacy, self esteem and satisfaction with physical function and appearance as compared to 30 minutes. This provides preliminary support for a dose response relationship between duration of physical activity and psychological outcomes in young overweight women. Funded in part by NIH 1R15HL077933–01
A Numerical and Experimental Study of Spray Dynamics in a Simple Throat Model (2002)

An inhalation airflow through a simple model of the human larynx and trachea, containing dispersed drug spray droplets, is studied numerically using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code KIVA-3V (Amsden 1997) and experimentally using phase doppler interferometry. Flow conditions within the larynx and trachea affect the delivery of inhaled medications to the lungs. Deposition in these regions is considered undesirable and has been shown to be a particular problem for pediatric patients. The larynx geometry is represented by a constricted portion inside a straight tube. This constriction simulates the vocal folds within the larynx. The experimental model was 3.2 cm in diameter (approximately twice human scale) and 90 cm long. The constriction was 0.7 cm thick and was placed 30 cm from the inlet of the tube. The area of the constricted opening is approximately 40% of the tube area. Water droplets are introduced into the low-turbulence upstream airflow using a jet nebulizer. Measurements of axial velocity and axial turbulence intensity were made through an array of points between 2 diameters upstream and 4 diameters downstream of the constriction. Steady flows were used and the flow rates scaled to match in vivo tracheal Reynolds numbers simulating two different breathing conditions. The KIVA-3V code is specifically designed to analyze transient, two- and three-dimensional, chemically reactive fluid flows with sprays. The analysis considers spray dynamic effects such as coalescence, evaporation, deposition, and turbulent dispersion. The numeric simulation is carried out in a model consisting of a 21.7 cm long pipe simulating the measurement region. All other dimensions are identical to the experimental model. Several significant spray deposition mechanisms were notable in both the experimental and the numerical results.
Characteristics and Superoxide-Induced Activation of Reconstituted Myocardial Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels (2001)

Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channels have been suggested as triggers and end effectors in myocardial ischemic preconditioning. However, the intracellular mechanism regulating mitoK(ATP) channels remains unclear. In the present study, mitoK(ATP) channels from bovine ventricular myocardium were reconstituted using planar lipid bilayers, and the effect of superoxide (O(2-.)) on the activity of these reconstituted channels was examined. After incorporation, a potassium-selective current was recorded. The mean conductance of this current was 56 pS at 150 mmol/L KCl, which was substantially inhibited by 1 mmol/L MgATP. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 10 to 100 micromol/L), a selective mitoK(ATP) antagonist, reduced the open state probability (NPo) of these channels in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas diazoxide (10 micromol/L), a selective mitoK(ATP) agonist, significantly increased channel activity. HMR-1098 (100 micromol/L), a selective sarcolemmal K(ATP) antagonist, had no effect on the activity of reconstituted channels. Addition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (100 micromol/L per 0.038 U/mL), an O(2-.)-generating system, resulted in a marked activation of mitoK(ATP) channels; the NPo of the channels was increased from 0.60+/-0.10 to 1.94+/-0.02. This O(2)(-.)-induced channel activation was completely abolished by pretreatment with 5-HD (100 micromol/L) or a sulfhydryl alkylating compound, N-ethylmaleimide (2 mmol/L). It is concluded that myocardial mitoK(ATP) channels can be reconstituted into lipid bilayers and that O(2-.) activates these channels. The effect of O(2-.) may be associated with its direct action on the sulfhydryl groups of the channel protein.
Phosphate Release and Sorption by Soils and Sediments: Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions (1974)

Anaerobic soils released more phosphate to soil solutions low in soluble phosphate and sorbed more phosphate from soil solutions high in soluble phosphate than did aerobic soils. The difference in behavior of phosphate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is attributed to the change brought about in ferric oxyhydroxide by soil reduction. The probably greater surface area of the gel-like reduced ferrous compounds in an anaerobic soil results in more soil phosphate being solubilized where solution phosphate is low and more solution phosphate being sorbed where solution phosphate is high.
Invasion of the human albumin-alpha-fetoprotein gene family by Alu, Kpn, and two novel repetitive DNA elements. (1987)

The human albumin-alpha-fetoprotein genomic domain contains 13 repetitive DNA elements randomly distributed throughout the symmetrical structures of these genes. These repeated sequences are located at different sites within the two genes. The human albumin gene contains five Alu elements within four of its 14 intervening sequences. Two of these repeats are located in intron 2, and the remaining three are located in introns 7, 8, and 11. The human alpha-fetoprotein gene contains three of these Alu elements, one in intron 4 and the remaining two in the 3'-untranslated region. In addition, the human alpha-fetoprotein gene contains a Kpn repeat and two classes of novel repeats that are absent from the human albumin gene. Six of the Alu elements within the two genes are bound by short direct repeats that harbor five base substitutions in 120 possible positions (60 bp times 2 termini). The absence of Alu repeats from analogous positions in rodents indicates that these repeats invaded the albumin-alpha-fetoprotein domain less than 85 Myr ago (the time of mammalian radiation). Furthermore, considering the conservation of terminal repeats flanking the Alu sequences of the albumin-alpha-fetoprotein domain (0.042 changes per site), we submit that the average time of Alu insertion into this gene family could have been as recently as 15-30 Myr ago.
Genetically manipulated mice: a powerful tool with unsuspected caveats (2007)

Although genetic manipulations in mice have provided a powerful tool for investigating gene function in vivo, recent studies have uncovered a number of developmental phenomena that complicate the attribution of phenotype to the specific genetic change. A more realistic approach has been to modulate gene expression and function in a temporal and tissue-specific manner. The most common of these methods, the CreLoxP and tetracycline response systems, are surveyed here and their recently identified shortcomings discussed, along with a less well known system based on the E. coli lac operon and modified for use in mammals. The potential for further complications in interpretation due to hitherto unexpected epigenetic effects involving transfer of RNA or protein in oocytes or sperm is also explored. Given these problems we reiterate the necessity for the use of completely reversible methods that will allow each experimental group of animals to act as their own control. Using these methods with a number of specific modifications to eliminate non-specific effects from random insertion sites and inducer molecules, the full potential of genetic manipulation studies should be realized.
Study on Improving Mycelium of Grifola frondosa by Optimization of Medium (2011)

In order to decrease the period for culture of Grifola frondosa,the optimization of medium for growth of Grifola frondosa were studied.The potato,glucose,peptone,potassium dihydrogen phosphate and VB_1 were chosen for designing the orthogonal experiment L_(16)(4~5) and the optimal medium were(g/L):potato 200,glucose 24,peptone 2.5,KH_2PO_4 1 and VB_1 0.005.Under the medium,the mycelium dry weight of Grifola frondosa increased to 35.4 g/L (26 g/L in initial medium).
Separation and analyses of petroleum residues (1976)

Information about the composition of petroleum residues is needed because of the increased use of this material as an energy source. This study is an extension of previous work in which high-boiling distillates from four crude oils were characterized according to compound type. The residues used in this investigation represent the portions of the crude oils that did not distill at a corrected boiling point of 675/sup 0/C. The residues were separated into fractions of acids, bases; neutral nitrogen compounds, and hydrocarbons, using the separation technique developed for high-boiling distillates. Acids and bases were isolated using ion exchange resins, neutral nitrogen compounds were removed by complexation chromatography, and the hydrocarbons were separated into fractions of saturates and aromatics by adsorption chromatography. The acid and base fractions were further separated and characterized according to compound type using such methods as gel permeation and adsorption chromatography and infrared, ultraviolet, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Structures of low-coverage phases of Al on the Si(100) surface observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (1993)

The structure of the low-coverage Al phases on the Si(100)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface was determined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with varying bias voltage and bias polarity. Surface structures of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2, 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3, and 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5 phases formed at below 350 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C consist of Al-dimer lines perpendicular to the underlying Si-dimer rows. The STM images of the Al-dimer lines taken at positive and negative bias between 1 and 3 V agree with those of the theoretical simulation by assuming the parallel Al-dimer structure. Moreover, we found that filled states of Al-Si backbonds and empty states of Al-Al dimer bonds of the parallel Al-dimer lines are observed prominently at -3 and +1 eV at positions on the underlying Si-dimer rows and between Si-dimer rows, respectively. Atomic configurations at the ends of the Al-dimer lines combined with the underlying Si missing dimer defects are discussed on the basis of the observed STM images.