gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rigid five- and six-membered C,N,N'-bound aryl-, benzyl-, and alkylorganopalladium complexes: sp2 vs. sp3 carbon-hydrogen activation during cyclopalladation and palladium(IV) intermediates in oxidative addition reactions with dihalogens and alkyl halides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRigid five- and six-membered C,N,N'-bound aryl-, benzyl-, and alkylorganopalladium complexes: sp2 vs. sp3 carbon-hydrogen activation during cyclopalladation and palladium(IV) intermediates in oxidative addition reactions with dihalogens and alkyl halidesPaul L. Alsters, Pim F. Engel, Marinus P. Hogerheide, Marc Copijn, Anthony L. Spek, and Gerard van KotenCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 5, 1831–1844Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00029a045https://doi.org/10.1021/om00029a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1446Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Anti-Stokes enhancement of multifrequency Raman generation in a hollow fiber (2008)

The intensities of the higher frequency anti-Stokes components of resonantly pumped Raman scattering are observed to be greatly enhanced as a result of minimizing dispersion when focusing into a hollow fiber, as compared to their intensities at higher pressures. As well, the significant spectral broadening of these Raman orders in the absence of any such broadening on the pump beams suggests the synthesis of a short temporal structure as a result of a the decreased dispersion.
Observations of laser induced magnetization dynamics in Co/Pd multilayers with coherent x-ray scattering (2011)

We report on time-resolved coherent x-ray scattering experiments of laser induced magnetization dynamics in Co/Pd multilayers with a high repetition rate optical pump x-ray probe setup. Starting from a multi-domain ground state, the magnetization is uniformly reduced after excitation by an intense 50 fs laser pulse. Using the normalized time correlation, we study the magnetization recovery on a picosecond timescale. The dynamic scattering intensity is separated into an elastic portion at length scales above 65 nm, which retains memory of the initial domain magnetization, and a fluctuating portion at smaller length scales corresponding to domain boundary motion during recovery.
Calculation of Transit Performance Measures Using Smartcard Data (2009)

Smartcard automated fare collection systems (SCAFC) for transit have been considered primarily for their administrative function of controlling access to the service and for revenue management. However, it is likely that data from these systems also can be used to describe both transport supply and demand. This article illustrates the use of smartcard data to estimate various transit performance measures. Combined with well-established evaluation processes, such measures can help operators monitor their networks in greater detail. The performance of the network supply (vehicle-kilometers, vehicle-hours, commercial speed, etc.) and the statistics on passenger service (passenger-kilometers, passenger-hours, average trip length, etc.) can be calculated from these datasets for any spatial or temporal level of resolution, including route and bus stop levels.
A low-power 20-GHz 52-dB/spl Omega/ transimpedance amplifier in 80-nm CMOS (2004)

This paper describes the design of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for a low-power, short-distance, high-density fiber-optic interconnect communication system. The single-ended circuit has been designed in an 80-nm digital CMOS process and consumes only 2.2 mW from a 1-V supply. The measured results show a transimpedance gain of 52 dB/spl Omega/ and a large bandwidth of 20 GHz. This work presents the highest bandwidth at the lowest power consumption for CMOS transimpedance amplifiers reported to date.
High Light Absorption and Charge Separation Efficiency at Low Applied Voltage from Sb-Doped SnO<sub>2</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> Core/Shell Nanorod-Array Photoanodes (2016)

BiVO4 has become the top-performing semiconductor among photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. However, BiVO4 photoanodes are still limited to a fraction of the theoretically possible photocurrent at low applied voltages because of modest charge transport properties and a trade-off between light absorption and charge separation efficiencies. Here, we investigate photoanodes composed of thin layers of BiVO4 coated onto Sb-doped SnO2 (Sb:SnO2) nanorod-arrays (Sb:SnO2/BiVO4 NRAs) and demonstrate a high value for the product of light absorption and charge separation efficiencies (ηabs × ηsep) of ∼51% at an applied voltage of 0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, as determined by integration of the quantum efficiency over the standard AM 1.5G spectrum. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the highest ηabs × ηsep efficiencies achieved to date at this voltage for nanowire-core/BiVO4-shell photoanodes. Moreover, although WO3 has recently been extensively studied as a core nanowire material for core/shell BiVO4 photoanodes, the Sb:SnO2/BiVO4 NRAs generate larger photocurrents, especially at low applied voltages. In addition, we present control experiments on planar Sb:SnO2/BiVO4 and WO3/BiVO4 heterojunctions, which indicate that Sb:SnO2 is more favorable as a core material. These results indicate that integration of Sb:SnO2 nanorod cores with other successful strategies such as doping and coating with oxygen evolution catalysts can move the performance of BiVO4 and related semiconductors closer to their theoretical potential.
Conditions That Diminish Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activities Stimulate Cross-Protective Immunity (2008)

Immunity conferred by conventional vaccines is restricted to a narrow range of closely related strains, highlighting the unmet medical need for the development of vaccines that elicit protection against multiple pathogenic serotypes. Here we show that a Salmonella bivalent vaccine comprised of strains that lack and overproduce DNA adenine methylase (Dam) conferred cross-protective immunity to salmonella clinical isolates of human and animal origin. Protective immunity directly correlated with increased levels of cross-reactive opsonizing antibodies and memory T cells and a diminished expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are responsible for the immune suppression linked to several conditions of host stress, including chronic microbial infections, traumatic insults, and many forms of cancer. Further, aged mice contained increased numbers of MDSCs and were more susceptible to Salmonella infection than young mice, suggesting a role for these cells in the immune declines associated with the natural aging process. These data suggest that interventions capable of reducing MDSC presence and activities may allow corresponding increases in B- and T-cell stimulation and benefit the ability of immunologically diverse populations to be effectively vaccinated as well as reducing the risk of susceptible individuals to infectious disease.
ALKYLHYDRAZINES (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTALKYLHYDRAZINESGABRIEL GEVER and KENYON HAYESCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 5, 813–818Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01157a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01157a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1112Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Statistical Model for the Temporal Pattern of Individual Automated Teller Machine Withdrawals (2008)

Summary Models of consumer behaviour that are based purely on empirical relationships in data can perform well in the short term but often degrade rapidly with changing circumstances. Superior longer-term performance can sometimes be attained by developing models for the deeper processes underlying the consumer behaviour. We develop a random-effects point process model for automated teller machine withdrawals. Estimation, prediction and computational issues are discussed. The model may be used to predict behaviour for an individual and to assess when state changes in individual behaviour have occurred and as a description of behaviour for a portfolio of accounts.
A Comparison of Hydroxyurea, Methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Advanced Carcinoma of the Prostate (1981)

This is the fifth completed randomized clinical trial of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. There were 125 patients with histologically confirmed relapsing clinical stage D prostatic cancer randomized to receive hydroxyurea, methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea or cyclophosphamide. All patients had received and failed previous hormonal therapy. Patients whose disease progressed after 12 weeks on the initial therapy were crossed over or randomized to receive an alternate drug. There were 98 patients available for comparison of treatments. Objective responses included patients with complete or partial regression as well as stable disease. The response rates were 35 per cent for cyclophosphamide, 30 per cent for methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and 15 per cent for hydroxyurea. Subjective response parameters included improvement in performance status and relief of pain. Pain was improved in a fifth of the patients on each treatment area. Methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and hydroxyurea showed activity in advanced prostatic cancer patients but at the expense of excessive toxicity. Cyclophosphamide continues to be the most active single agent in this type of patient, particularly with regard to duration of response and survival. There was a statistically demonstrable advantage for cyclophosphamide over hydroxyurea and a marginal advantage over methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea in survival experience.
A Research of Behavior-Based Penetration Testing Model of the Network (2012)

Two types of behavior-based penetration testing model of the network and their vulnerabilities were discussed in this paper. The paper provides a comprehensive method which includes three phases and a model based on behavior anomaly and detection. It can discover the attacks testing from the network access activities. The goal of this paper is intended to provide insight into the special networking attacks and offer preventive measures for thwarting. By developing a more thorough understanding of these types of attacks, it provides an armament of defensive measures and knowledge to lessen the penetration testing and vulnerabilities being exploited. A realistic model was presented which comprised a variety of issues and counter measures including a basic process how these threats evolve, based on vulnerabilities, scanning and behavior anomaly detection.
Solving inverse scattering problems in biological samples by quantitative phase imaging (2015)

Abstract Quantitative phase imaging (QPI), a method that precisely recovers the wavefront of an electromagnetic field scattered by a transparent, weakly scattering object, is a rapidly growing field of study. By solving the inverse scattering problem, the structure of the scattering object can be reconstructed from QPI data. In the past decade, 3D optical tomographic reconstruction methods based on QPI techniques to solve inverse scattering problems have made significant progress. In this review, we highlight a number of these advances and developments. In particular, we cover in depth Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS), optical diffraction tomography (ODT), and white‐light diffraction tomography (WDT). image
Intracellular Precursor Interleukin (IL)-1α, but Not Mature IL-1α, Is Able to Regulate Human Endothelial Cell Migration in Vitro (1997)

The human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) has a finite lifespan in vitro, and senescent HUVEC contain elevated levels of the negative growth regulator interleukin (IL)-1alpha. IL-1alpha is translated as a signal peptide sequence-less cytosolic 31-kDa precursor (IL-1alpha p), which undergoes proteolytic activation to release the mature carboxyl terminus 17-kDa protein (IL-1alpha m). Both the IL-1alpha p and IL-1alpha m proteins are biologically active as exogenous cytokines. Interestingly, only IL-1alpha p contains a nuclear localization sequence between residues 79 and 85. To further study the role of intracellular IL-1alpha in the regulation of human endothelial cell function, a spontaneous HUVEC transformant was stably transfected with IL-1alpha p, IL-1alpha m, and the IL-1alpha p K82N mutant, which attenuates the nuclear traffic of IL-1alpha p. Interestingly, the IL-1alpha p transfectants were found to have a lower migratory potential than either IL-1alpha m or IL-1alpha p K82N transfectants, and the addition of the IL-1 receptor antagonist did not alter the migration of these cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that only the IL-1alpha p transfectants exhibited prominent staining for beta-catenin-associated cell-to-cell contacts, as well as pronounced vimentin intermediate filaments and actin cytoskeleton staining. These data suggest that IL-1alpha p, and not IL-1alpha m, may function as an intracellular regulator of the migratory capacity of the human endothelial cell and that the nuclear localization sequence present within IL-1alpha p may be involved in regulating this function.
Spatially restricted domains of homeo-gene transcripts in mouse embryos: relation to a segmented body plan (1988)

ABSTRACT By use of in situ hybridization experiments, the transcripts of several different mouse homeo-genes (Hox-1.2, -1.3, -1.4, -1.5, -3.1 and -6.1) have been localized in 121-day mouse embryos. In a comparison of these genes on adjacent or nearby embryo sections, it is found that their transcripts occupy domains which are usually different, although overlapping, along the anteroposterior axis of the body. The domains are not limited to single segments (assumed to be represented by single prevertebrae) but they encompass regions of adjacent segments. In addition to the prevertebral column, the transcript domains extend into the central nervous system and at least some of the organs (pharynx, thyroid, trachea, lung, stomach and kidney). Within the prevertebral column, a striking feature of most of the domains is that the abundance of transcripts rises (anteriorly) and falls (posteriorly) over a distance of several adjacent prevertebrae. For Hox-1.4 and Hox-1.3 the rise is over prevertebrae within the cervical region. For Hox-6.1, Hox-1-2 and Hox-3.1, the rise is over prevertebrae within the thoracic region. For each of the genes examined, transcripts in the central nervous system extend to a more anterior position in the body than transcripts in the prevertebral column. The myelencephalon of the hindbrain contains at least three different anterior boundaries for homeo-gene transcript domains. The positions of these are defined by Hox-1.5 (most anterior), Hox-1.4 and Hox-1.3. Anterior boundaries for Hox-6.1 and Hox-1.2 are apparently located at the Hox-1.3 position. Homeo-gene transcript domains extend into several structures known to be derived, at least in part, from the neural crest. These include the ventral pharynx, thyroid, aortic trunk and, probably, the sympathetic nerve chain and thymus. For several genes of the Hox-1 cluster, we note a correspondence between the serial arrangement of genes on the chromosome and the arrangement of their transcript domains in the developing embryo. We also note some striking similarities between the transcript domains of different homeo-genes that share the same subfamily (Duboule et al. 1988). These observations, and others, offer possible clues about the molecular mechanisms that might underlie the formation and maintenance of homeo-gene transcript domains.
Bending Tool Face Measurements While Drilling Delivers New Directional Information, Improved Directional Control (2010)

Abstract This paper introduces bending tool face, a new measurement with applications in directional drilling. The measurement is derived from two perpendicular bending moment sensors in the BHA and identifies the orientation of BHA bending with respect to gravity high side while drilling, both in rotating and sliding modes. The paper presents the underlying theory and motivation for the measurement, describes its implementation into a downhole MWD tool and shows measurement examples from field applications. Furthermore, the paper outlines the use of the data for directional calculations. The paper concludes with a discussion of applications in which the bending tool face information adds value, such as reducing uncertainty in casing exit applications and improving directional control in challenging 3-D well profiles. The discussion is supported with field results.
Maintenance techniques for rechargeable battery using pulse charging (2006)

The objective of this paper is to investigate a charging method control techniques for charging lead-acid battery. The characteristics of lead-acid battery are presented that include the charging method affecting the capacity of battery. The conventional charging method is pointed out the merit and drawback. And also the Variable Pulse Width Charging is also presented in this paper. This method is modified from the conventional method to enhance the life cycle and capacity.
Polychromatic imaging with extended depth of field using phase masks exhibiting constant phase over broad wavelength band (2013)

A recent publication [Opt. Express16, 20540-20561 (2008)] presented a way for extending the depth of field (DOF) of imaging systems using a binary phase mask made of annular rings delivering a π-phase shift. Usually, such masks are designed with respect to some central wavelength; they will thus deliver a different phase shift for other wavelengths. This issue is reexamined in this paper, where it is shown that polychromatic masks that deliver the same phase shift over a wide range of wavelengths provide improved imaging over an extended DOF. The simulation results demonstrate the improved performance of imaging systems using such masks.
Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Hydrogen Bonding of the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methyl‐1<i>H</i>‐imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate (2004)

Abstract The IR and Raman spectra and conformations of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐1 H ‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [EMIM] [BF 4 ] ( 6 ), were analyzed within the framework of scaled quantum mechanics (SQM). It was shown that SQM successfully reproduced the spectra of the ionic liquid. The computations revealed that normal modes of the EMIM + ⋅BF $\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ ion pair closely resemble those of the isolated ions EMIM + and BF $\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ , except for the antisymmetric BF stretching vibrations of the anion, and the out‐of‐plane and stretching vibrations of the HC(2) moiety of the cation. The most plausible explanation for the pronounced changes of the latter vibrations upon ion‐pair formation is the H‐bonding between HC(2) and BF $\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ . However, these weak H‐bonds are of minor importance compared with the Coulomb interactions between the ions that keep them closely associated even in dilute CD 2 Cl 2 solutions. According to the ‘gas‐phase’ computations, in these associates, the BF $\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ anion is positioned over the imidazolium ring of the EMIM + cation and has short contacts not only with the HC(2) of the latter, but also with a proton of the MeN(3) group.
Experimental Characterization of Uncertainty Sources in a Software-Only Synchronization System (2012)

Over the past few decades, centralized computing systems have been replaced by decentralized systems, consisting of simple nodes interconnected by a communication network. The time reference of the distributed nodes must be synchronized in order to be able to coordinate the operation or compare the data collected by the different nodes. Several synchronization protocols have been developed to be used instead of global positioning system or dedicated synchronization systems. For example, the network time protocol (NTP) is a very popular synchronization protocol used to synchronize computers over wide area networks, like the Internet. In addition, IEEE 1588, a synchronization protocol dedicated to high-performance synchronization in local networks, was recently established. However, submicroseconds synchronization can be obtained only using dedicated hardware devices, thereby increasing the cost of each node. For these reasons, PTP software-only implementations are quite common in real systems, with a resulting synchronization uncertainty varying from a few to hundreds of microseconds and quite burdensome to estimate or measure. The work presented in this paper focuses on the analysis of the major uncertainty contributions in a software-only implementation. Particularly, a careful analysis of timestamp mechanism and time management in a PC platform is carried out. In addition, a method for the experimental evaluation of uncertainty contributions is proposed. A test case based on a software implementation of the IEEE 1588 (the so-called PTPd) is presented. The experimental tests presented in the paper highlight that the main uncertainty source of a software-only synchronization approach is the timestamp method. Timestamping accuracy can be affected by the computational load of the node itself: in normal conditions, the maximum uncertainty introduced by the timestamp mechanism is in the order of 10 , but in case of high computational load, it can raise up to 224 μs.