gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Carbohydrate Loading on Muscle Glycogen Content and Cycling Performance (1995)

This study compared the effects of supplementing the normal diets of 8 endurance-trained cyclists with additional carbohydrate (CHO), in the form of potato starch, for 3 days on muscle glycogen utilization and performance during a 3-hr cycle ride. On two occasions prior to the trial, the subjects ingested in random order either their normal CHO intake of 6.15 +/- 0.23 g/kg body mass/day or a high-CHO diet of 10.52 +/- 0.57 g/kg body mass/day. The trial consisted of 2 hr of cycling at approximately 75% of VO2peak with five 60-s sprints at 100% VO2peak at 20-min intervals, followed by a 60-min performance ride. Increasing CHO intake by 72 +/- 9% for 3 days prior to the trial elevated preexercise muscle glycogen contents, improved power output, and extended the distance covered in 1 hr. Muscle glycogen contents were similar at the end of the 3-hr trial, indicating a greater utilization of glycogen when subjects were CHO loaded, which may have been responsible for their improved cycling performance.
Optical detection of potassium chloride vapor using collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (2012)

A sensitive and selective optical technique to detect potassium chloride (KCl) vapor is introduced. The technique is based on the photofragmentation of KCl molecules, using a pulsed UV laser, and optical probing of the temporarily increased amount of potassium atoms with a near-infrared laser. The two laser beams are aligned to go through the sample volume along the same optical path. The performance of the technique is demonstrated by detecting KCl concentrations from 25 ppb to 30 ppm in a temperature-controlled cell.
A high-speed of self-timing carry-completion for direct two's complement multipliers (2002)

An algorithm of a new design for an asynchronous self-timing carry-completion adder is presented. This new type adder can be used for the last stage of carry-sum addition in the direct two's complement multiplier. The execution time of an n/spl times/n multiplication is expected to improve to log/sub 2/(n/2-1) cycles instead of (2n-1) cycles, while the hardware is still kept at the same complexity as the conventional carry-save multipliers. A further improvement can be expected by using this method on on-the-fly scheme in parallel for fast multiplication without carry-propagate addition. Several types of these asynchronous self-timing carry-completion adders are analyzed and compared. An optimal type is selected incorporated within the two's complement multiplier, so that minimum execution time of multiplication and simplest hardware are reached.
High RhoA activity maintains the undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype, whereas RhoA down-regulation by laminin-2 induces smooth muscle myogenesis (2002)

Round embryonic mesenchymal cells have the potential to differentiate into smooth muscle (SM) cells upon spreading/elongation (Yang, Y., K.C. Palmer, N. Relan, C. Diglio, and L. Schuger. 1998. Development. 125:2621-2629; Yang, Y., N.K. Relan, D.A. Przywara, and L. Schuger. 1999. Development. 126:3027-3033; Yang, Y., S. Beqaj, P. Kemp, I. Ariel, and L. Schuger. 2000. J. Clin. Invest. 106:1321-1330). In the developing lung, this process is stimulated by peribronchial accumulation of laminin (LN)-2 (Relan, N.K., Y. Yang, S. Beqaj, J.H. Miner, and L. Schuger. 1999. J. Cell Biol. 147:1341-1350). Here we show that LN-2 stimulates bronchial myogenesis by down-regulating RhoA activity. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and reverse transcriptase-PCR indicated that RhoA, a small GTPase signaling protein, is abundant in undifferentiated embryonic mesenchymal cells and that its levels decrease along with SM myogenesis. Functional studies using agonists and antagonists of RhoA activation and dominant positive and negative plasmid constructs demonstrated that high RhoA activity was required to maintain the round undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype. This was in part achieved by restricting the localization of the myogenic transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) mostly to the mesenchymal cell cytoplasm. Upon spreading on LN-2 but not on other main components of the extracellular matrix, the activity and level of RhoA decreased rapidly, resulting in translocation of SRF to the nucleus. Both cell elongation and SRF translocation were prevented by overexpression of dominant positive RhoA. Once the cells underwent SM differentiation, up-regulation of RhoA activity induced rather than inhibited SM gene expression. Therefore, our studies suggest a novel mechanism whereby LN-2 and RhoA modulate SM myogenesis.
A new binarization method for PDF417 bar code by camera phone (2008)

The bar code images captured by camera phone have natural disadvantages in the complex environment, such as blur, low contrast, high brightness, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to decode the bar code successfully without preprocessing. Binarization plays an important role in image preprocessing. In this paper, we regarded time complexity and adaptability under the complex environment as a standard for binary PDF417 bar code image captured by camera phone. Based on this, we proposed a novel algorithm, and compared with several classic and commonly-used binary methods. The new method integrates the advantages of the global threshold, the local threshold and the adaptive threshold and gets a balance between the time complexity and adaptability under the complex environment. The experimental results have proved the validity of this new algorithm.
CD40 Expression by Human Melanocytic Lesions and Melanoma Cell Lines and Direct CD40 Targeting With the Therapeutic Anti-CD40 Antibody CP-870,893 (2010)

Anti-CD40 antibodies are in clinical development in patients with metastatic melanoma, a cancer that has been reported earlier to express CD40. The antitumor activity of anti-CD40 antibodies may be mediated by direct cytotoxic effects on CD40-positive melanoma cells or indirectly through modulation of host cells. In these studies, biopsies of patients with primary and metastatic melanoma, short-term cultures, and established melanoma cell lines were analyzed for CD40 expression using a combination of methods including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and gene expression profiling, and the cytotoxic effects of the anti-CD40 antibody CP-870,893 on melanoma cell lines were tested using cell viability assays. CD40 was expressed at a higher frequency in metastatic melanoma lesions compared with primary melanomas. There was a variable expression of CD40 in synchronous and metachronous melanoma metastases. Expression of CD40 was present in slightly over half of a large panel of short-term primary melanoma cultures, with a wide range of expression levels by flow cytometry. Similar results were obtained in established melanoma cell lines when analyzed at the mRNA level or by surface protein staining. In approximately one-third of cell lines, the expression of CD40 could be up-regulated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Treatment with increasing concentrations of CP-870,893 had no antitumor activity against either CD40-positive or negative melanoma cell lines. In conclusion, approximately one-third to one-half of melanomas expresses CD40 at variable levels. Direct exposure to a CD40-activating antibody does not lead to antitumor activity in melanoma cell lines, suggesting that the antitumor effects of these antibodies in the clinic may be indirectly mediated.
Two adjacent AP-1-like binding sites form the electrophile-responsive element of the murine glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene. (1992)

An electrophile-responsive element (EpRE) in the 5' flanking region of the mouse glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene was recently found to be responsible for the induction of gene expression by xenobiotics that contain or acquire by metabolism an electrophilic center. We now find that this EpRE is composed of two adjacent 9-base-pair motifs related in sequence to the AP-1 binding site, a transcriptional enhancer originally identified as the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) response element and known to be regulated by the binding of protein products of c-jun and c-fos genes. Synthetic oligonucleotides representing each of the AP-1-like binding sites of the EpRE and the AP-1 site consensus sequence were prepared and assayed for their enhancer activity and inducibility by tert-butylhydroquinone, beta-naphthoflavone, and PMA. Single AP-1-like sequences showed a lower enhancer activity than an AP-1 consensus sequence and no inducibility. Two adjacent AP-1-like sites were found to act synergistically and to confer inducibility beyond that observed for a single AP-1 consensus sequence. Examination of the PMA-responsive region of a number of genes shows the presence of adjacent AP-1-like sites and indicates that the structure of the EpRE found in the Ya gene may occur more generally and may be important in regulating the magnitude of the electrophilic response. The present study demonstrates the binding and transactivation of the EpRE by Jun and Fos and indicates that the AP-1 site is part of the EpRE. The induction by PMA or tert-butylhydroquinone appears to be independent of protein kinase C activity since it is not affected by inhibitors of this enzyme.
Algorithms for characterization and trend detection in spatial databases (1998)

Abstract 1 The number and the size of spatial databases, e.g. for geomarketing, traffic control or environmental studies, are rapidly growing which results in an increasing need for spatial data mining. In this paper, we present new algorithms for spatial characterization and spatial trend analysis. For spatial characterization it is important that class membership of a database object is not only determined by its non-spatial attributes but also by the attributes of objects in its neighborhood. In spatial trend analysis, patterns of change of some non-spatial attributes in the neighborhood of a database object are determined. We present several algorithms for these tasks. These algorithms were implemented within a general framework for spatial data mining providing a small set of database primitives on top of a commercial spatial database management system. A performance evaluation using a real geographic database demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Furthermore, we show how the algorithms can be combined to discover even more interesting spatial knowledge.
Reflection images from ambient seismic noise (2009)

Abstract One application of seismic interferometry is to retrieve the impulse response (Green's function) from crosscorrelation of ambient seismic noise. Various researchers show results for retrieving the surface-wave part of the Green's function. However, reflection retrieval has proven more challenging. We crosscorrelate ambient seismic noise, recorded along eight parallel lines in the Sirte basin east of Ajdabeya, Libya, to obtain shot gathers that contain reflections. We take advantage of geophone groups to suppress part of the undesired surface-wave noise and apply frequency-wavenumber filtering before crosscorrelation to suppress surface waves further. After comparing the retrieved results with data from an active seismic exploration survey along the same lines, we use the retrieved reflection data to obtain a migrated reflection image of the subsurface.
Cellulase complex of a mesophilic <i>Streptomyces</i> strain (1980)

Various cellulolytic streptomycetes were isolated from natural environments. The cellulase production of one of these mesophilic Streptomyces strains, identified as S. flavogriseus was studied. When grown as a submerged culture with 1% microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) as substrate, the strain produced considerable amounts of beta-1,4-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4; CM cellulase) in the extracellular supernatant and exhibited good overall cellulolytic activity as measured using filter paper (FP cellulase) and cotton as substrates. The maximum enzyme yields were obtained after 72 h of incubation at 30 degrees C. The optimal conditions for the FP cellulase activity were found at pH 5.6 and 40 degrees C. All beta-glucosidase and cellobiase activities were found in the mycelial fraction of the culture and could be obtained in soluble form by sonication.
Clinical features of treatment-resistant depression. (2001)

As many as 30% to 40% of patients with major depressive disorder are unresponsive to a trial of antidepressant medication. Many patients labeled with treatment-resistant depression actually have pseudoresistance, in that they have been inadequately treated or are misdiagnosed. Others may have unrecognized comorbid psychiatric or general medical conditions that contribute to treatment resistance. Variables such as gender, family history, age at onset, severity, and chronicity have also been evaluated as possible risk factors for treatment-resistant depression. This article reviews the current literature regarding the clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression, with particular attention to the relevance of these factors for clinical decision making.
Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by One-Step Deposition of a Bulk Heterojunction Mixture and TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiO Hole-Collecting Agents (2012)

Organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated using a one-step deposition of a mixture of NiO nanoparticles, region-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric methyl ester (PCBM) without poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Although the intended NiO layer was successfully formed at the interface between indium tin oxide (ITO) and the photoactive layer, only a marginal increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OSCs (from 0.773 to 1.171%) was found by addition of NiO nanoparticles to the solution of the P3HT/PCBM mixture. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was evidenced that P3HT was oxidized at interfaces of P3HT and NiO, which can decrease the photovoltaic performance of an OSC. Ultrathin TiO2 wrapping layers (thickness ∼ 2 nm) on the surface of NiO nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition quenched oxidation of P3HT resulted in a significant increase in PCE up to 2.684%. Our result shows that, in OSCs, oxidation of active polymers at oxide/polymer interfaces should be of concern, and a strategy for avoiding such degradation of polymers is required. Fabrication of various core–shell nanostructures as oxide buffers can be useful for quenching the oxidation of active polymers and increasing photovoltaic performances.
Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for the treatment of stage IIIA resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II multicenter exploratory study—Final data of patients who underwent surgical assessment. (2019)

8509 Background: Patients with stage IIIA (N2 or T4N0) are potentially curable but median overall survival is only around 15 months and complete pathologic response with conventional chemotherapy (CT) is no more than 9%. Methods: A Phase II, single-arm, open-label multicenter study of resectable stage IIIA N2-NSCLC adult patients with CT plus IO as a neoadjuvant treatment: three cycles of Nivolumab (NV) 360mg IV Q3W + paclitaxel 200mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 6 IV Q3W followed by adjuvant NV treatment for 1 year. After complete neoadjuvant therapy, tumor assessment is performed prior to surgery. Surgery is performed in the 3rd or 4th week after day 21 of the third cycle of neoadjuvant treatment. The study aims to recruit 46 pts. The primary endpoint is Progression-Free Survival (PFS) at 24 months. Efficacy is explored using objective pathologic response criteria. We present final data on all patients included in this study that underwent surgical assessment. Results: At the time of submission, 46 pts had been included and 41 had undergone surgery. CT-IO was well-tolerated and surgery was not delayed in any patient. None of the pts withdrew from the study preoperatively due to progression or toxicity. 41 surgeries had been performed and all tumors were deemed resectable, with R0 resection in all cases. 34 pts (83%) achieved major pathologic response (MPR) (CI 95% 71-95%), and 24 (71%) of them had a complete pathologic response (CPR) (CI 95% 54-87%). Downstaging was seen in 90% (CI 95% 81-100%) of cases. By RECIST, 29 pts (71%) (CI 95% 56-85%) had partial response and 3 (7%) (CI 95% 0-16%) complete response. Conclusions: This is the first multicentric study to CT-IO in the neoadjuvant setting in stage IIIA. Neoadjuvant CT-IO with nivolumab in resectable IIIA NSCLC yields a high complete pathologic response rate that has never been seen previously and unsuspected by RECIST criteria. Preliminary correlative analyses in blood samples are included in a separate abstract. EudraCT Number: 2016-003732-20. Clinical trial information: NCT 03081689.
Terahertz Chiroptical Spectroscopy of an α-Helical Polypeptide: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study (2014)

Vibrational spectroscopy has provided incisive information on the structure of biological molecules. Here, using a molecular dynamics simulation method, infrared vibrational circular dichroism and vibrational optical rotatory dispersion spectra of a right-handed α-helix in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are calculated. Both the autocorrelation function of an electric dipole moment and the cross-correlation function of electric and magnetic dipole moments of the α-helix are calculated and Fourier-transformed to obtain THz absorption and optical activity spectra, which reveal characteristic features of the helical polypeptide structure. The anharmonicity and delocalized nature of the low-frequency modes in the THz frequency domain are taken into account to obtain statistically convergent results on the THz optical activity spectra. In addition, the magnitude of the THz vibrational optical activity signal of the α-helix is directly compared with those of typical, previously studied mid- and near-infrared chiral molecules. We anticipate that THz chiroptical spectroscopy that has not yet been demonstrated experimentally would provide highly important and complementary information on protein structure and dynamics.
Maritime surveillance radar. Part 1: Radar scattering from the ocean surface (1990)

The successful optimisation of the detection performance of maritime surveillance radars requires a detailed knowledge and understanding of both forward- and backscattering from the ocean surface. Such an understanding enables the development of suitable signal-processing techniques. The paper is therefore divided into two parts, the first being concerned with radar scattering from an ocean environment and the second with target detection. In the first part it is shown, through the analysis of full-scale measurements, how the amplitude and correlation properties of high-resolution radar backscatter (sea clutter) can be accurately represented by the compound K-distribution model which has the unique characteristic of providing realistic performance predictions for a wide range of signal-processing techniques. Although the model has been presented before, the paper gives the first detailed account of the evidence and statistical analysis which have led to the model. In addition to modelling noncoherent clutter it is shown how the spectral and polarisation characteristics of coherently detected sea clutter relate to those observed in the noncoherent case. Results are also presented of forward-scattering and multipath propagation. This includes a consideration of the importance of the spatial and temporal coherence of the forward-scattered wavefront.
A New Digital Echo Canceler for Two-Wire Subscriber Lines (1981)

A new type of digital echo canceler for two-wire digital transmission is presented. The new principle involves very simple signal processing and is thus an interesting alternative for digital transmission on subscriber lines. The principle is compared with other echo cancellation techniques, and it is shown how choice of line code, equalization, and carrier recovery are affected by the new echo canceler. A theoretical analysis of the principle is given, taking into account finite accuracy, jitter, noise, and correlated data streams. The echo canceler can be used for line attenuation up to 40 dB. At 80 kbits/s this corresponds to at least 7 km 0.6 mm cable and is sufficient to cover more than 99 percent of the existing Norwegian subscriber lines.
ICC density predicts bacterial overgrowth in a rat model of post-infectious IBS (2010)

In this post-infectious rat model, the development of SIBO appears to be associated with a reduction in DMP-ICC. Further study of this rat model might help understand the pathophysiology of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
Critical Enhancements of MRI Contrast and Hyperthermic Effects by Dopant‐Controlled Magnetic Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Eine Frage der Einstellung : Die Einführung einer Zn 2+ ‐Dotierung in tetraedrischen Positionen ermöglicht das Einstellen des Magnetismus von Metallferritspinell‐Nanopartikeln (siehe Bild). (Zn 0.4 Mn 0.6 )Fe 2 O 4 ‐Nanopartikel zeigen den bislang höchsten Magnetisierungswert für Metallferrit‐Nanopartikel. Diese hohe Magnetisierung ergibt einen besonders starken MRI‐Kontrast und ausgeprägte Hyperthermie‐Effekte im Vergleich zu üblichen Eisenoxid‐Nanopartikeln. magnified image
One SPE (July 2003) (2003)

President's column - No abstract available.
Voltage-Gated Proton Channels: Molecular Biology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the H<sub>V</sub>Family (2013)

Voltage-gated proton channels (H(V)) are unique, in part because the ion they conduct is unique. H(V) channels are perfectly selective for protons and have a very small unitary conductance, both arguably manifestations of the extremely low H(+) concentration in physiological solutions. They open with membrane depolarization, but their voltage dependence is strongly regulated by the pH gradient across the membrane (ΔpH), with the result that in most species they normally conduct only outward current. The H(V) channel protein is strikingly similar to the voltage-sensing domain (VSD, the first four membrane-spanning segments) of voltage-gated K(+) and Na(+) channels. In higher species, H(V) channels exist as dimers in which each protomer has its own conduction pathway, yet gating is cooperative. H(V) channels are phylogenetically diverse, distributed from humans to unicellular marine life, and perhaps even plants. Correspondingly, H(V) functions vary widely as well, from promoting calcification in coccolithophores and triggering bioluminescent flashes in dinoflagellates to facilitating killing bacteria, airway pH regulation, basophil histamine release, sperm maturation, and B lymphocyte responses in humans. Recent evidence that hH(V)1 may exacerbate breast cancer metastasis and cerebral damage from ischemic stroke highlights the rapidly expanding recognition of the clinical importance of hH(V)1.
Microextraction of Volatile Constituents Using Gasified-Solvent Flow (1990)

A gasified-solvent-flow-extraction method has been developed for the microextraction of volatile constituents from powdered samples. A small amount (1-50 mg) of sample is inserted into a glass tube and heated to a preset temperature. The volatile constituents immediately vaporized by heat are transferred by a gasified solvent to a cooling tube where they are recovered as a solution. On this solution, gas chromatography analysis can be carried out directly without concentration and cleanup procedure. Liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography can also be carried out on the solution. This method was applyed to the quantitative analysis of the volatile constituents of crude drugs. The optimization procedure for conducting this method is discussed.