gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Securing Route Optimisation in NEMO (2005)

The network mobility (NEMO) basic support protocol enables mobile networks to change their point of attachment to the Internet, while preserving established sessions of the nodes within the mobile network. When only a nonnested mobile network is considered, the so-called triangle routing is the main problem that should be faced. In mobile IPv6, the route optimisation mechanism solves this problem, and the return routability mechanism aims to limit the security concerns originated because of the route optimisation. Nowadays return routability is considered a weak solution (i.e., based on strong assumptions). In this article we explore different approaches to route optimisation in NEMO and we devise how to adapt some of the terminal mobility solutions to a NEMO environment, where, as we propose, a delegation of signalling rights from the mobile network node to the mobile router is necessary.
Maintenance of Pulmonary Th1 Effector Function in Chronic Tuberculosis Requires Persistent IL-12 Production (2005)

The mechanisms that prevent reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic individuals are poorly understood. Although IL-12 is critical for the induction of IFN-gamma-dependent host control of M. tuberculosis, the requirement for the cytokine in the maintenance of host resistance and pulmonary Th1 effector function has not yet been formally examined. In this study, we reconstituted IL-12p40-deficient mice with IL-12 during the first 4 wk of infection and then assessed the effects of cytokine withdrawal. Although IL-12 administration initially resulted in restricted mycobacterial growth and prolonged survival, the reconstituted animals eventually succumbed to infection. This breakdown in bacterial control was accompanied by a marked reduction in the numbers of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells in lungs. Moreover, whereas CD4(+) T cells isolated from chronically infected wild-type mice expanded and transferred long-term protection to M. tuberculosis-challenged RAG(-/-) mice, they failed to do so in IL-12p40-deficient RAG(-/-) recipients and were clearly reduced in frequency within pulmonary granulomas in the latter animals. These studies establish that continuous IL-12 production is necessary for maintenance of the pulmonary Th1 cells required for host control of persistent M. tuberculosis infection and suggest that breakdown of this mechanism could be a contributing factor in reactivated disease.
A processor reservation system supporting dynamic QOS control (2002)

Quality of service (QOS) is one of the most important factors in multimedia computing. Future continuous media applications should guarantee their QOS values provided by users, and support dynamic QOS control schemes by changing the QOS values according to system load. A processor reservation system developed in CMU is suitable for guaranteeing QOS, but it is not appropriate to support an application with a dynamic QOS control scheme. In this paper, we describe a new processor reservation system which is suitable for dynamic QOS control schemes. It consists of two components: user-level admission server and kernel support. The user-level admission server negotiates processor resources among applications, and the kernel support notifies the malicious use of processor resource by applications.
A general model of multisignature schemes with message flexibility, order flexibility, and order verifiability (2001)

Introduction In proportion as th spread of personal computers and network, messages like documents, data, software, etc.,h ve been circulatedthrcul Internet. In such environment, an entity sends/forwards an original message toothOWz or sends a modified message toothPDO ThPDO th process of circulation, a messagehs been improved or added a convenient feature one by one, and finallyha been completed. However recently it hA been a new problem for computer virus to be mixed into a message thageA th process ofthP circulation. Apparently it is an obstacle to circulate messages soundly thdlyA Internet. Anoth. problem concernsth copyrigh t: it is necessary todistinguish an originalautha fromauthLE wh modify an original message in a circulating message.Ths is wh y a multisignature schAL suitable for such Manuscript received January 23, 2001. Manuscript revised April 15, 2001. + The author is with Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa-ken, 923-1292 Japan. # Presently,
Spoken document retrieval for the languages of Hong Kong (2002)

The advent of the information age has brought massive digital libraries of multimedia and multilingual content. This creates a high demand for multimedia and multilingual indexing and retrieval technologies, e.g. those applicable to audio archives. The paper reports on the development of spoken document retrieval (SDR) technologies, where speech recognition is combined with information retrieval for searching audio information in Cantonese, Mandarin and English: the languages of Hong Kong. We tackle the SDR problem in a monolingual setting, where the textual queries and the audio documents are expressed in the same language. The authors describe their system, the interface design for audio information visualization, as well as their experiments on spoken document retrieval.
Simple and New Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel (<i>z</i>)-3-Arylidenebenzothiazepin-4-ones Using Baylis–Hillman Derivatives (2008)

Abstract A simple synthesis of novel (Z)-3-arylidene-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-4(5H)-ones from bromo compounds derived from Baylis–Hillman adducts involving selective S-alkylation followed by a lactum formation has been described.
Monolithic ferrite memories (1965)

Monolithic arrays of ferrite memory elements are being used to produce low-cost, high-speed memory stacks. These elements are made by the simple batch fabrication technique of laminating ferrite sheets with embedded conductors. This process, evolved at the RCA Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey, was selected for material development by the Electronic Components and Devices Division and for system development by DEP Applied Research.
Evaluation of a Blended Dead Reckoning and Carrier Phase Differential GPS Systemfor Control of an Off-Road Vehicle (1999)

This paper evaluates the ability of an inexpensive dead
reckoning system, initialized using carrier phase
differential GPS, to provide adequate position and attitude
estimation for the control of a farm tractor during short
GPS outages. The dead reckoning system allows for
continuous control of the vehicle through these GPS
outages. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) combines
the dead reckoning system and cm-level Carrier- Phase
Differential GPS (DGPS) measurements for continuous
position and attitude estimation of an off-road vehicle.
The cm-level accuracy of the DGPS allows for precise
calibrations of the plant and sensor models in order to
improve the accuracy of the dead reckoning system.
Furthermore, it may be possible to reacquire carrier-phase integers more rapidly after short GPS outages, through the
continuous position estimation of the dead reckoning
system. Analysis based on the short-term integration of
sensor noise is used to determine bounds on the position
accuracy over time. Results are given which verify the
ability of the dead reckoning system’s position and
attitude estimation for control of a farm tractor through a
short GPS outage.
SORPTION PROCESS USING POLYAMIDE NANOFIBRES TO REMOVE DYE FROM SIMULATED WASTEWATER (2012)

The aim of this study was to examine the use of polyamide 6 nanofibers as a sorbent material for removal of dye on textile wastewater. Simulated wastewater of acid dyes (namely Colour Index Acid blue 41, Acid yellow 42 and C.I Acid blue 78) was used for experiment test with simulated concentration of 10 mg L -1 , for sorption process electrospun polyamide 6 with areal weight 12 g m -2 was used as the sorbent material and the process was performed under vacuum pressure. The experiments were realised in temperatures 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C. The experimental result showed that the presented study on polyamide 6 nanofibers has a great potential to be used for dye removal, since it was able to absorb dye at room temperature.
Loss of Alpha3(IV) Collagen Expression Associated with Corneal Keratocyte Activation (2007)

The loss in the expression of alpha3(IV) collagen is a stringent phenotypic change associated with activation of keratocytes in vivo and in vitro. This phenotypic change in activated corneal stromal cells is induced by bFGF/HS and by TGF-beta1, and it accompanies the downregulation of keratocan expression.
Advances in Studies and Applications of Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations (2010)

Centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVTs) have become a useful tool in many applications ranging from geometric modeling, image and data analysis, and numerical partial differential equations, to problems in physics, astrophysics, chemistry, and biology. In this paper, we briefly review the CVT concept and a few of its generalizations and well-known properties. We then present an overview of recent advances in both mathematical and computational studies and in practical applications of CVTs. Whenever possible, we point out some outstanding issues that still need investigating.
Tuning of a robust PID controller-application to heating process in extruder (2002)

In this paper different methods are compared for tuning a robust PID controller for a heating process in an extruder. These tuning methods are internal model control, Clarke method, and Cohen & Coon method. Robustness is needed because the process is nonlinear. By using process model uncertainty the robust stability theorem is employed to assure that the feedback loop with the nonlinear process and the linear PID controller will be stable at all operating points. The model uncertainty is approximated with the help of a nonlinear physical model, which is based on heat balance equations. The controller parameters are selected to satisfy the requirement of the robust stability under model uncertainties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphorylated lignin as a halogen-free flame retardant additive for epoxy composites (2016)

Sustainable, non-halogenated flame retardants are desired for a variety of industry applications. Lignin, an industrially processed wood derivative, has been examined as a potential sustainable flame retardant additive to polymer systems. Here, the lignin is phosphorylated using a pyridine-catalysed esterification reaction with diphenyl phosphoryl chloride to improve its char-forming abilities. The chemical modification of the lignin was characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and showed the formation of phosphorylated structures on the lignin. The thermal decomposition profile and char-forming characteristics of the modified lignin and modified lignin–epoxy composites were investigated using thermogravimetry. The flammability performance of modified lignin–epoxy composites was tested using mass loss calorimetry. With the addition of 10% modified lignin, the peak heat release rate decreased by 40% and the total heat of combustion decreased by 20%. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the char morphology of the post-flame test samples and showed closed cell foam structures.
Spectroscopic characterization and chiroptical properties of the copolymers of (−)3‐menthyl acrylate and (−)3‐menthyl methacrylate with styrene (1980)

Abstract Optically active copolymers of (−)3‐menthyl acrylate (MtA) and (−)3‐menthyl methacrylate (MtMA) with styrene (St) of different compositions were prepared by radical initiation. The reactivity ratios were determined by the least square evaluation of the Kelen‐Tüdös parameters. Substantially alternating copolymers by donor‐acceptor complex polymerization and the corresponding model compounds were also prepared. Spectroscopic and chiroptical properties of these copolymers and models were studied. The possible mechanisms of the generation of the induced dissymmetry of the longest wavelength π → π * electronic transition of the aromatic chromophore of St co‐units are discussed.
Wide Frequency Range Superheterodyne Receiver Design and Simulation (2011)

The receiver is the backbone of modern communication devices. The primary purpose of a reliable receiver is to recover the desired signal from a wide spectrum of transmitted sources. A general radio receiver usually consists of two parts, the radio frequency (RF) front-end and the demodulator. RF front-end receiver is roughly defined as the entire segment until the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) placed before digital demodulation. Theoretically, a radio receiver must be able to accommodate several tradeoffs such as spectral efficiency, low noise figure (NF), low power consumption, and high power gain. The superheterodyne receiver consisting of double downconversion can well balance the tradeoffs required for the receiver design.\nIn this thesis, the RF front-end superheterodyne receiver design and implementation is presented. Instead of fixed radio frequency of system-on-chip (SOC) design which has been a popular research topic, a radio receiver operating in the wide frequency range of roughly 2.53 GHz to 2.83 GHz located in IEEE S-band is considered. The wide frequency range receiver is suitable for applications like Direct-to-Home satellite television systems, which allocates from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This thesis is focusing on the off-chip receiver design for the objectives of processing a wider frequency band while providing high linearity and power gain. The important active devices in a receiver which are low noise amplifiers (LNA), power amplifiers (PA), and mixers are designed and implemented. In this work, the two-stage LNA designed provides low NF and good input standing wave ratio (VSWR). The class-A PA is designed utilizing the load-pull method for maximum power transfer and highest possible power added efficiency (PAE). The mixer design adopts the double balance fully differentially (Gilbert) topology which is ideal for low port feedthrough, intermodulation distortion, and moderate conversion gain. \nThe self-built active devices (e.g. amplifiers and mixers) and band-pass filters (BPF) provided by Agilent EEsof Advance System Design (ADS) are combined into a double downconversion RF front-end receiver. The receiver sensitivity and selectivity is assessed and tabulated. Also, the operation in the wide frequency range of roughly 2.53 GHz to 2.83 GHz with the last intermediate frequency (IF) of 20 MHz is verified.
Classification of Cilio‐Inhibiting Effects of Nasal Drugs (2001)

This classification of the cilio-inhibiting potential of nasal drug formulations is a valuable tool in the design of safe nasal drugs. The number of animal studies in vivo can be reduced substantially by using this in vitro screening technique. This study demonstrates that the effect on ciliary movement of most drug formulations is due to the preservatives and/or additives and mostly not to the drug itself.
Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering (2014)

Recent advances in genome engineering technologies based on the CRISPR-associated RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 are enabling the systematic interrogation of mammalian genome function. Analogous to the search function in modern word processors, Cas9 can be guided to specific locations within complex genomes by a short RNA search string. Using this system, DNA sequences within the endogenous genome and their functional outputs are now easily edited or modulated in virtually any organism of choice. Cas9-mediated genetic perturbation is simple and scalable, empowering researchers to elucidate the functional organization of the genome at the systems level and establish causal linkages between genetic variations and biological phenotypes. In this Review, we describe the development and applications of Cas9 for a variety of research or translational applications while highlighting challenges as well as future directions. Derived from a remarkable microbial defense system, Cas9 is driving innovative applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine.
Structural Design of Polymer Composites (2003)

Independent, practical guidance on the structural design of polymer composites is provided for the first time in this book. Structural designers familiar with design of conventional structural materials such as steel and concrete will be able to use it to design a broad range of polymeric composites for structural applications, using glass fibre reinforced plastic materials, components, connections and assemblies.
Joint Calibration of Transmitter and Receiver Impairments in Direct-Conversion Radio Architecture (2011)

Direct-conversion radio architecture is a low-cost, low-power and small-size design that has been widely employed in today's wireless devices. This architecture, however, induces radio impairments such as I-Q imbalance and dc offset that may incur severe degradation in communication performance if left uncompensated. In this paper, a new method is proposed to calibrate simultaneously a transceiver's own transmitter and receiver radio impairments with no dedicated analog circuit in the feedback loop. Based on a unified time-domain approach, the proposed method is able to calibrate jointly the frequency-independent I-Q imbalance, frequency-dependent I-Q imbalance and dc offset and is applicable to any type of communication systems (single-carrier, multiple-carrier, etc.). The existing methods in the literature either need a dedicated analog circuit in the feedback loop and/or are applicable only to a particular type of systems with some radio impairments present. The issue of training sequence design is also investigated to optimize the calibration performance, and analytical and simulation results show that the performance loss due to radio impairments can be recovered by the proposed method.
Cell type–specific extracellular matrix guided the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D polymeric scaffolds (2017)

The tissue microenvironment has profound effects on tissue-specific regeneration. The 3-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) niche influences the linage-specific differentiation of stem cells in tissue. To understand how ECM guides tissue-specific regeneration, we established a series of 3D composite scaffolds containing ECMs derived from different primary cells isolated from a single animal species and assessed their impact on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Synthetic microfiber scaffolds (fiber mats) were fabricated by electrospinning tyrosine-derived polycarbonates (pDTEC). The bovine primary fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts cultured on the fiber mats produced and assembled their ECMs, infiltrating the pores of the fibrous scaffold. The composite scaffolds were decellularized to remove cellular components, preserve ECM and minimally affect polymer integrity. Characterization of the ECMs derived from different primary cells in the composite scaffolds showed overlapping but distinct compositions. The chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on the different composite scaffolds were compared. Our results showed that ECM derived from chondrocytes cultured in synthetic fiber mats promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC in the presence or absence of soluble inducing factors. ECM derived from co-culture of osteoblasts and chondrocytes promoted osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs better than ECM derived from chondrocytes. This study demonstrated that decellularized ECMs derived from different cell types formed within synthetic fiber scaffolds guide the tissue-specific differentiation of hMSCs. These composite scaffolds may be developed into models to study the mechanisms of ECM-induced tissue regeneration.
Saturated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy with core-ring illumination (2017)

We demonstrated resolution improvement in two-photon excitation microscopy by combining saturated excitation (SAX) of fluorescence and pupil manipulation. We theoretically estimated the resolution improvement and the sidelobe effect in the point spread function with various pupil designs and found that the combination of SAX and core-ring illumination can effectively enhance the spatial resolution in 3D and suppress sidelobe artifacts. The experimental demonstration shows that the proposed technique is effective for observation with a depth of 100 μm in a tissue phantom and can be applied to 3D observations of tissue samples with higher spatial resolution than conventional two-photon excitation microscopy.
Is There a Genetic Basis to Endometriosis? (1997)

It is likely that endometriosis is a common multifactorial disease, like diabetes and asthma, caused by an interaction between multiple gene loci and the environment. Such conditions do not have a clear Mendelian pattern of inheritance. This chapter reviews the existing evidence, in human and non-human primates, that suggests there is a genetic basis to endometriosis. The environmental agents that have been implicated in the development of endometriosis are also reviewed. The identification of genetic loci conferring susceptibility to endometriosis using linkage analysis may lead to a better understanding of disease aetiology and, in time, improved therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methods.
N-Acetylglucosaminyl Transferase Regulates the Expression of the Sulfoglucuronyl Glycolipids in Specific Cell Types in Cerebellum during Development (1996)

In the adult cerebellum, sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs) are specifically localized in Purkinje cells and their dendrites in the molecular layer. Other major cell types such as granule neurons and glial cells lack SGGLs. To explain the cell specific localization and the known biphasic expression of SGGLs, enzymic activities of four glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of SGGLs were studied in murine cerebellar mutants, in distinct cellular layers of rat cerebellum, and in isolated granule neurons during development. The enzymes studied were lactosylceramide: N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (GlcNAc-Tr), lactotriaosylceramide:galactosyltransferase, neolactotetraosylceramide:glucuronyltransferase, and glucuronylglycolipid:sulfotransferase. In the cerebellum of Purkinje cell-deficient mutants, such as (pcd/pcd) and lurcher (Lc/+) where Purkinje cells are lost, GlcNAc-Tr was absent, but the other three glycosyltransferase were not severely affected. This indicated that the latter three enzymes were localized in other cell types, such as in mature granule neurons and glial cells, in addition to that in Purkinje cells, and the lack of SGGLs in these mutants was due to absence of GlcNAc-Tr. Analyses of the enzymes in the specific micro-dissected cellular layers also showed that Purkinje cell layer and molecular layer (where Purkinje cell dendrites are localized) contained all four enzymes. However, granule neurons and glial cells in the white matter lacked GlcNAc-Tr, but expressed the other three enzymes. It was concluded that the absence of SGGLs in adult granule neurons and glial cells was due to specific deficiency of the GlcNAc-Tr. Although adult granule neurons lacked GlcNAc-Tr and therefore SGGLs, isolated granule neurons from the neonatal cerebellum contained all four enzymes necessary for the synthesis of SGGLs. With development, the activity of GlcNAc-Tr in the isolated granule neurons declined but the other enzymes were not as affected, indicating that immature granule neurons were capable of synthesizing SGGLs and with maturation the synthesis was down-regulated. This also explains the biphasic expression of SGGLs in the developing cerebellum.