gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Consent Process for Minimal Risk Research in the ICU* (2017)

Most patients and surrogates accept a deferred consent process for minimal risk research in the ICU. For appropriate ICU-based research, investigators and Institutional Review Boards should consider a deferred consent process if the subject lacks capacity and an appropriate surrogate is not readily available.
Corrosion of structural steelwork in bridge enclosures, box sections, and anchorage chambers (1987)

Some designs of highway bridge have structural steelwork exposed to the air within closed spaces such as box sections. Observations have shown that mild steel does not corrode in these enclosures, even though the relative humidity is normally higher than 70%. The environmental conditions within enclosures were characterized by measuring air temperature and relative humidity, steel surface temperature, time of wetness, and the concentration of sulphur dioxide. Corrosion rates of clean and prerustedmild steel were measured using electrical resistance probes. An explanation for the significantly lower corrosion rates found inside an enclosure is given on the basis of the low incidence of condensation and the low concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere of an enclosure. Furthermore, it is suggested the critical relative humidity for corrosion in natural environments is close to 100%.
A statistical method for predicting splice variants between two groups of samples using GeneChip® expression array data (2006)

The two-step approach described in this paper is capable of predicting some alternative splicing from multiple oligonucleotide-based gene expression array data with GeneChip technology. Our method employs the extensive repositories of gene expression array data available and generates alternative splicing hypotheses, which can be further validated by experimental studies.
Visceral Fat and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chinese NIDDM Patients (1997)

This pilot study demonstrates that visceral fat accumulation is associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and albuminuria in Chinese patients with NIDDM.
p53 autoantibodies predict subsequent development of cancer (2004)

Because TP53 mutations can induce an immune response and can occur early in the carcinogenic process for some tumors, p53 autoantibodies may be useful biomarkers for risk of development of cancer. Using banked serum samples from an asbestosis cohort at high risk for cancer, we demonstrate for the first time a statistically significant relationship between p53 autoantibodies and the subsequent development of malignancy (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8-10.9) with a positive predictive value of 0.76 and an average lead time to diagnosis of 3.5 years. p53 autoantibodies were also significantly associated with p53 alterations in the resultant tumors (kappa = 0.78, p = 0.01).
A concept space approach to addressing the vocabulary problem in scientific information retrieval: An experiment on the Worm Community System (1997)

This research presents an algorithmic approach to addressing the vocabulary problem in scientific information retrieval and information sharing, using the molecular biology domain as an example. We first present a literature review of cognitive studies related to the vocabulary problem and vocabulary-based search aids (thesauri) and then discuss techniques for building robust and domain-specific thesauri to assist in cross-domain scientific information retrieval. Using a variation of the automatic thesaurus generation techniques, which we refer to as the concept space approach, we recently conducted an experiment in the molecular biology domain in which we created a C. elegans worm thesaurus of 7,657 worm-specific terms and a Drosophila fly thesaurus of 15,626 terms. About 30% of these terms overlapped, which created vocabulary paths from one subject domain to the other. Based on a cognitive study of term association involving four biologists, we found that a large percentage (59.6–85.6%) of the terms suggested by the subjects were identified in the conjoined fly-worm thesaurus. However, we found only a small percentage (8.4–18.1%) of the associations suggested by the subjects in the thesaurus. In a follow-up document retrieval study involving eight fly biologists, an actual worm database (Worm Community System), and the conjoined fly-worm thesaurus, subjects were able to find more relevant documents (an increase from about 9 documents to 20) and to improve the document recall level (from 32.41 to 65.28%) when using the thesaurus, although the precision level did not improve significantly. Implications of adopting the concept space approach for addressing the vocabulary problem in internet and digital libraries applications are also discussed.
Nitric oxide synthase in the rat anterior pituitary gland and the role of nitric oxide in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion. (1993)

By using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO)-synthesizing enzyme NO synthase is present in gonadotrophs and in folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland of male and female rats. A marked increase in levels of NO synthase protein and mRNA was observed after gonadectomy. In vitro studies on dispersed anterior pituitary cells suggest that NO inhibits gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release. An inhibitory effect of NO has also been shown on growth-hormone-releasing-hormone-stimulated release of growth hormone [Kato, M. (1992) Endocrinology 131, 2133-2138]. Thus these findings support a dual mechanism for NO in the control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, an autocrine mediation of luteinizing hormone release on gonadotrophs, and a paracrine effect on growth hormone secretion involving folliculo-stellate cells closely related to somatotrophs. We speculate that NO may participate in producing the pulsatile secretion patterns of these two pituitary hormones.
Performance of well known packet scheduling algorithms in the downlink 3GPP LTE system (2009)

This paper investigates the performance of well known packet scheduling algorithms developed for single carrier wireless systems from a real time video streaming perspective. The performance evaluation is conducted using the downlink third generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE) system as the simulation platform. This paper contributes to the identification of a suitable packet scheduling algorithm for use in the downlink 3GPP LTE system supporting video streaming services. Simulation results show that, in the downlink 3GPP LTE system supporting video streaming services, maximum-largest weighted delay first (M-LWDF) algorithm outperforms other packet scheduling algorithms by providing a higher system throughput, supporting a higher number of users and guaranteeing fairness at a satisfactory level.
Side effects of sympatholytic antihypertensive drugs. (1988)

Antihypertensive drugs with pharmacological action due to sympatholytic activity have been second only to diuretics in their use and efficacy in normalizing blood pressure. Their pharmacological actions have resulted in the notable absence of chemical toxicity, but because of symptomatic side effects, their use has been limited relative to some of the newer antihypertensive agents. Most prominent among undesirable side effects are the central nervous system findings of sedation, altered thought process, depression, and orthostatic or exercise hypotension. Sexual problems, especially in men, are also prominent. Special toxicity is discussed with reference to methyldopa, clonidine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and metyrosine.
Brain Tumor Type Classification via Capsule Networks (2018)

Brain tumor is considered as one of the deadliest and most common form of cancer both in children and in adults. Consequently, determining the correct type of brain tumor in early stages is of significant importance to devise a precise treatment plan and predict patient's response to the adopted treatment. In this regard, there has been a recent surge of interest in designing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the problem of brain tumor type classification. However, CNNs typically require large amount of training data and can not properly handle input transformations. Capsule networks (referred to as CapsNets) are brand new machine learning architectures proposed very recently to overcome these shortcomings of CNNs, and posed to revolutionize deep learning solutions. Of particular interest to this work is that Capsule networks are robust to rotation and affine transformation, and require far less training data, which is the case for processing medical image datasets including brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. In this paper, we focus to achieve the following four objectives: (i) Adopt and incorporate CapsNets for the problem of brain tumor classification to design an improved architecture which maximizes the accuracy of the classification problem at hand; (ii) Investigate the over-fitting problem of CapsNets based on a real set of MRI images; (iii) Explore whether or not CapsNets are capable of providing better fit for the whole brain images or just the segmented tumor, and; (iv) Develop a visualization paradigm for the output of the CapsNet to better explain the learned features. Our results show that the proposed approach can successfully overcome CNNs for the brain tumor classification problem.
A framework for providing consistent and recoverable agent-based access to heterogeneous mobile databases (1995)

Information applications are increasingly required to be distributed among numerous remote sites through both wireless and wired links. Traditional models of distributed computing are inadequate to overcome the communication barrier this generates and to support the development of complex applications. In this paper, we advocate an approach based on agents. Agents are software modules that encapsulate data and code, cooperate to solve complicated tasks, and run at remote sites with minimum interaction with the user. We define an agent-based framework for accessing mobile heterogeneous databases. We then investigate concurrency control and recovery issues and outline possible solutions. Agent-based computing advances database transaction and control flow management concepts and remote programming techniques.
Association Between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and History of Statin Use: A Nested Case‐Control Study (2020)

Previous statin use was not associated with SSNHL.
Clostridium peptidivorans sp. nov., a peptide-fermenting bacterium from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. (2000)

A new peptide-degrading, strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain TMC4T, was isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Cells of strain TMC4T were motile, rod-shaped (5-10 x 0.6-1.2 microm), stained Gram-positive and formed terminal to subterminal spores that distended the cells. Optimal growth occurred at 37 degrees C and pH 7 in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0.5% Casamino acids. Arginine, lysine, cysteine, methionine, histidine, serine, isoleucine, yeast extract, peptone, Biotrypcase, gelatin and crotonate also supported growth, but not carbohydrates, organic acids or alcohols. The end-products of degradation were: acetate and butyrate from lysine and crotonate; acetate, butyrate, H2 and CO2 from Biotrypcase, gelatin and peptone; acetate, alanine, H2 and CO2 from cysteine; acetate, H2 and CO2 from serine, cysteine and yeast extract; acetate and formate from histidine; propionate from methionine; methyl 2-butyrate, H2 and CO2 from isoleucine; acetate and ethanol from arginine; and acetate, propionate, butyrate, methyl 2-butyrate, H2 and CO2 from Casamino acids. The DNA G+C content of strain TMC4T was 31 mol%. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that strain TMC4T was a member of the low-G+C-content Gram-positive genus Clostridium, with the closest relative being Clostridium pascui (sequence similarity of 96 %). Due to considerable differences in genomic and phenotypic properties between strain TMC4T and those of its nearest relative, strain TMC4T is proposed as a new species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium peptidivorans sp. nov. Strain TMC4T has been deposited in the DSMZ as strain DSM 12505T.
Diversity oriented biosynthesis via accelerated evolution of modular gene clusters (2017)

Erythromycin, avermectin and rapamycin are clinically useful polyketide natural products produced on modular polyketide synthase multienzymes by an assembly-line process in which each module of enzymes in turn specifies attachment of a particular chemical unit. Although polyketide synthase encoding genes have been successfully engineered to produce novel analogues, the process can be relatively slow, inefficient, and frequently low-yielding. We now describe a method for rapidly recombining polyketide synthase gene clusters to replace, add or remove modules that, with high frequency, generates diverse and highly productive assembly lines. The method is exemplified in the rapamycin biosynthetic gene cluster where, in a single experiment, multiple strains were isolated producing new members of a rapamycin-related family of polyketides. The process mimics, but significantly accelerates, a plausible mechanism of natural evolution for modular polyketide synthases. Detailed sequence analysis of the recombinant genes provides unique insight into the design principles for constructing useful synthetic assembly-line multienzymes.
Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoes (2009)

The neem oil formulation was found effective in controlling mosquito larvae in different breeding sites under natural field conditions. As neem trees are widely distributed in India, their formulations may prove to be an effective and eco-friendly larvicide, which could be used as an alternative for malaria control.
Characterization of Novel Fusaricidins Produced by <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i>-M1 Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Paenibacillus polymyxa-M1 is a potent producer of bioactive compounds, such as lipopeptides, polyketides, and lantibiotics of biotechnological and medical interest. Genome sequencing revealed nine gene clusters for nonribosomal biosynthesis of such agents. Here we report on the investigation of the fusaricidins, a complex of cyclic lipopeptides containing 15-guanidino-3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid (GHPD) as fatty acid component by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). More than 20 variants of these compounds were detected and characterized in detail. Mass spectrometric sequence analysis was performed by MALDI-LIFT-TOF/TOF fragment analysis. The obtained product ion spectra show a specific processing in the fatty acid part. GHPD is cleaved between the α- and ß-position yielding two fragments a and b, one bearing the end-standing guanidine group and another one comprising the residual two C-atoms of GHPD with the attached peptide moiety. The complete sequence of all fusaricidins was derived from sets of bn- and yn-ions. The fusaricidin complex can be divided into four lipopeptide families, three of them showing variations of the amino acid in position 3, Val or Ile for the first and Tyr or Phe for families 2 and 3, respectively. A collection of novel fusaricidins was detected differing from those of families 1-3 by an additional residue of 71 Da (family 4). LIFT-TOF/TOF fragment spectra of these species imply that in their peptide moiety, an Ala-residue is attached by an ester bond to the free hydroxyl group of Thr4. More than 10 novel fusaricidins were characterized mass spectrometrically.
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF LEXICAL TERMS IN SANGH-GAMI AND SANGH-GHSHI DIALECTS OF (ZAAR) SAYAWA COMMUNITIES OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA (2018)

Abstract Language is a living entity that is always in constant change. It develops changes, modernizes and vanishes. In every language, there are items that die out and others develop by using different strategies or devices of word formation, such as derivation, to express the modern needs of a particular language community (Handhal 1998). The purpose of this research is to examine the lexical variations in Sang-ghshi and Sang-gami dialects of the Zaar (Sayawa) language with a view of analysing the areas of convergences and divergences between the two dialects. The study analyses those differences which are prominent in the dialects and also examines if these differences hinder communication among the speakers of these dialects. Therefore, the study adopts an eclectic approach by combining the generative dialectology approach to the study of dialects and a contrastive analysis to the study of lexical items. One hundred questionnaires were administered to native speakers of the two dialects in which one hundred lexical items were written and two columns were provided, one for each dialect. Other methods such as interview and observations were employed in data collection. The result from the study reveals some lexical and phonological differences found in the dialects. It also reveals some reasons for the variations such geographical features like rivers, mountains, migration and general distance. The findings further reveal that Sangh-ghshi dialect is frequently used in organised gathering either religious or political, as a result of their population and it is more acceptable by the people and other neighbouring languages and is more simplified and easy to learn by non Zaar speakers than Sangh-gami dialect. Most traditional songs and Radio programmes or presentations are conveniently presented with Sangh-ghshi dialect.
The cisst libraries for computer assisted intervention systems (2008)

Computer assisted intervention (CAI) systems require the integration of an increasing number of devices, including medical monitors, sensors, tracking devices and robots. This complexity makes applications harder to develop, more difficult to debug and the accumulation of ad hoc interfaces reduces the overall portability. We describe a set of libraries, the cisst libraries, developed at the Johns Hopkins University to address some of the problems encountered when integrating devices for CAI. We focus on three main characteristics of the cisst libraries: software architecture, multi-threading and CAI specific interfaces.
Web-Based Intelligent Photo Browser for Flood of Personal Digital Photographs (2008)

We developed a Web-based intelligent photo browser which enables automatic clustering of unstructured personal digital photo collection. We conducted user studies to assess the usability of the developed photo browser (APC, automatic photo classifier) compared with an unstructured one. The user task adopted here was finding some of target pictures indicated by an experimenter from personal or somebody elsepsilas photo collections. The results show that APC is better in the case of the personal photographs while it requires much time for otherspsila photo collections. It was suggested that the glance of a photo browser should be considered according to whether the photographs had been taken by the user.
Big data causing big (TLB) problems (2017)

GPUs are increasingly adopted for large-scale database processing, where data accesses represent the major part of the computation. If the data accesses are irregular, like hash table accesses or random sampling, the GPU performance can suffer. Especially when scaling such accesses beyond 2GB of data, a performance decrease of an order of magnitude is encountered. This paper analyzes the source of the slowdown through extensive micro-benchmarking, attributing the root cause to the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB). Using the micro-benchmarks, the TLB hierarchy and structure are fully analyzed on two different GPU architectures, identifying never-before-published TLB sizes that can be used for efficient large-scale application tuning. Based on the gained knowledge, we propose a TLB-conscious approach to mitigate the slowdown for algorithms with irregular memory access. The proposed approach is applied to two fundamental database operations - random sampling and hash-based grouping - showing that the slowdown can be dramatically reduced, and resulting in a performance increase of up to 13×.
Anti-Müllerian hormone: a predictive marker of embryo production in cattle? (2010)

In cattle, the embryo production rate after superovulation varies between individuals and is difficult to predict. Recently, we proposed that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plasma levels measured before treatment can help predict superovulatory responses. To establish whether blood measurement of AMH can help predict the number of embryos produced by a given cow after superovulation, data collected over 4 years from 45 dairy cows submitted to repeated embryo production were analysed in a retrospective study. A high within-animal repeatability (0.38 and 0.36) and a strong effect of the father of the donor cow (P < 0.01) were observed for the numbers of collected and transferable embryos, respectively. AMH concentration, measured in the plasma of donor cows during first lactation and several months before the start of the embryo production campaigns, was found to be highly correlated with the maximal number of collected (P < 0.0001) and transferable (P < 0.01) embryos per cow. In conclusion, the capacity of embryo production is a repeatable and probably heritable trait in the cow, and blood measurement of AMH in potential donor cows could be of value in determining a cow's intrinsic capacity to produce transferable embryos.
Calcification of coronary arteries: detection and quantification with double-helix CT. (1995)

Double-helix CT is a useful noninvasive method for detection and quantification of coronary artery calcification.
Carotid-Wall Intima–Media Thickness and Cardiovascular Events (2011)

The maximum internal and mean common carotid-artery intima-media thicknesses both predict cardiovascular outcomes, but only the maximum intima-media thickness of (and presence of plaque in) the internal carotid artery significantly (albeit modestly) improves the classification of risk of cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.).
Uplink closed loop power control for LTE system (2010)

The role of uplink power control is to suppress interference. Power control refers to set output power levels of transmitters, base stations in the downlink and User Equipment (UE) in the uplink. In this paper the performance of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) closed loop power control combined with fractional path loss compensation factor is evaluated by simulating the effects of open loop error, Transmit Power Control (TPC) command delay and power headroom reporting. Simulation results show that the closed loop power control with fractional path loss compensation factor is advantageous compared to closed loop power control with full path loss compensation. The closed loop power control with fractional path loss compensation factor is found to improve the system performance in terms of mean bit rate by 63%.
Six port waveguide filter based on circular photonic crystal (2008)

This paper present a six port PCWG channel created from a circular photonic crystal array (CPC) with filtering functions. PC based waveguide (PCWG) created along the radial direction of CPC enables the transmission of lightwaves in subwavelength width structures. Additional filter rods are added to the PCWG to server as filtering function so that only allowed lightwaves with designated frequency can pass through the rods set. The other frequencies will be reflected. This PC device allow the distribution of light for different frequencies to different output port channel, which is very useful for multiplexing optical circuit and system.