gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorption Characteristics of Organic Compounds on hexadecyltrimethylammonium‐Smectite (1988)

Abstract When hexadedyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) ion is exchanged for metal cations like calcium in smectite, the sorptive properties of the clay are greatly modified. The resultant HDTMA‐smectite complex behaves as a dual sorbent, in the sorption of organic compounds, in which the mineral fraction functions as a solid adsorbent and the organic (HDTMA) phase as a partition medium. Capacities of mineral adsorption and partition uptake by HDTMA in the HDTMA‐smectites are illustrated by sorption of benzene, trichloroethene (TCE), and water as vapors on the dry sample and by sorption of benzene and TCE from water. The exchanged HDTMA in clay is found to be a much more powerful partition medium than ordinary soil organic matter in the uptake of benzene and TCE. Based on this finding, HDTMA‐smectite appears to be an effective sorbent for removing organic contaminants from water. It is suggested that such sorptive organo‐clay complexes could be used to enhance the containment capabilities of clay landfill liners and bentonite slurry walls.
The MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is a Potential Novel Therapeutic Target for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2009)

Recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer remains a devastating disease with insufficient treatment options. We investigated the MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a novel target for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MET/phosphorylated MET and HGF expression was analyzed in 121 tissues (HNSCC/normal) by immunohistochemistry, and in 20 HNSCC cell lines by immunoblotting. The effects of MET inhibition using small interfering RNA/two small-molecule inhibitors (SU11274/PF-2341066) on signaling, migration, viability, and angiogenesis were determined. The complete MET gene was sequenced in 66 head and neck cancer tissue samples and eight cell lines. MET gene copy number was determined in 14 cell lines and 23 tumor tissues. Drug combinations of SU11274 with cisplatin or erlotinib were tested in SCC35/HN5 cell lines. Eighty-four percent of the HNSCC samples showed MET overexpression, whereas 18 of 20 HNSCC cell lines (90%) expressed MET. HGF overexpression was present in 45% of HNSCC. MET inhibition with SU11274/PF-2341066 abrogated MET signaling, cell viability, motility/migration in vitro, and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Mutational analysis of 66 tumor tissues and 8 cell lines identified novel mutations in the semaphorin (T230M/E168D/N375S), juxtamembrane (T1010I/R988C), and tyrosine kinase (T1275I/V1333I) domains (incidence: 13.5%). Increased MET gene copy number was present with >10 copies in 3 of 23 (13%) tumor tissues. A greater-than-additive inhibition of cell growth was observed when combining a MET inhibitor with cisplatin or erlotinib and synergy may be mediated via erbB3/AKT signaling. MET is functionally important in HNSCC with prominent overexpression, increased gene copy number, and mutations. MET inhibition abrogated MET functions, including proliferation, migration/motility, and angiogenesis. MET is a promising, novel target for HNSCC and combination approaches with cisplatin or EGFR inhibitors should be explored.
Adaptive beamforming for interference rejection in an OFDM system (2004)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been utilized in various communication systems because of its ability to compensate for multipath channels using simple low-complexity equalizers. However, the performance of OFDM systems can still be compromised due to adjacent channel and cochannel interference. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an adaptive beamforming algorithm for an OFDM system based on the constant modulus (CM) array. We consider this blind technique for a wireless local area network such as the IEEE 802.11a standard. The algorithm exploits the constant modulus property of the low-rate OFDM data carriers, and we show that it can also be used for the nonconstant modulus constellations at higher data rates. We consider the case where cochannel users become active part way into the transmitted packet such that new beamformer weights should be computed to null these interfering signals.
1.5-T surface-coil MRI of the knee (1986)

Five normal knees and 20 knees with suspected abnormalities involving the menisci or articular surfaces were examined with high-resolution surface-coil MRI. Surgical correlation was available in 15 cases. Signal-to-noise ratios were optimized using a field strength of 1.5 T and a round 7.6-cm surface coil. Spatial resolution was maximized by using fields of view reduced to as small as 8 cm. Separate examinations of the medial and lateral joint compartments were performed with the surface coil positioned vertically adjacent to the meniscus of interest. Ten meniscal tears were identified using sagittal and coronal images. T1-weighted images were adequate to detect most meniscal tears, and T2-weighted images were useful for providing an "arthrogram effect" in the presence of a joint effusion. Extrameniscal lesions that were examined included osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle, subchondral cysts, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears. MRI was useful in determining the integrity of articular cartilage overlying defects in the subchondral bone and in detecting gross cartilage lesions in arthritis, but was less sensitive than arthroscopy in evaluating moderate changes in the hyaline cartilage.
Nonsense-mediated decay mutants do not affect programmed −1 frameshifting (2000)

Sequences in certain mRNAs program the ribosome to undergo a noncanonical translation event, translational frameshifting, translational hopping, or termination readthrough. These sequences are termed recoding sites, because they cause the ribosome to change temporarily its coding rules. Cis and trans-acting factors sensitively modulate the efficiency of recoding events. In an attempt to quantitate the effect of these factors we have developed a dual-reporter vector using the lacZ and luc genes to directly measure recoding efficiency. We were able to confirm the effect of several factors that modulate frameshift or readthrough efficiency at a variety of sites. Surprisingly, we were not able to confirm that the complex of factors termed the surveillance complex regulates translational frameshifting. This complex regulates degradation of nonsense codon-containing mRNAs and we confirm that it also affects the efficiency of nonsense suppression. Our data suggest that the surveillance complex is not a general regulator of translational accuracy, but that its role is closely tied to the translational termination and initiation processes.
A recursive vesicle-based model protocell with a primitive model cell cycle (2015)

Self-organized lipid structures (protocells) have been proposed as an intermediate between nonliving material and cellular life. Synthetic production of model protocells can demonstrate the potential processes by which living cells first arose. While we have previously described a giant vesicle (GV)-based model protocell in which amplification of DNA was linked to self-reproduction, the ability of a protocell to recursively self-proliferate for multiple generations has not been demonstrated. Here we show that newborn daughter GVs can be restored to the status of their parental GVs by pH-induced vesicular fusion of daughter GVs with conveyer GVs filled with depleted substrates. We describe a primitive model cell cycle comprising four discrete phases (ingestion, replication, maturity and division), each of which is selectively activated by a specific external stimulus. The production of recursive self-proliferating model protocells represents a step towards eventual production of model protocells that are able to mimic evolution.
The design of trellis coded MPSK for fading channels: set partitioning for optimum code design (1988)

A previous work on criteria for designing trellis-coded MPSK modulation to achieve minimum error probability performance on the Rician fading channel (see ibid., vol.36, no.9, p.1004-1012, Sep. 1988) is extended. It is demonstrated that allowing for multiple symbols per trellis branch, i.e., multiple trellis-coded modulation (MTCM), provides an additional degree of freedom for designing a code to meet the optimization on the fading channel. Diversities larger than those achievable with conventional trellis codes having the same number of trellis states are now attainable, it is under these conditions that MTCM achieves its full potential.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of precipitation on the molecular weight distribution of cellulose tricarbanilate (1986)

Abstract The effect of precipitation on the molecular weight distributions of cellulose tricarbanilate (CTC) samples prepared from α‐pulp, hydrolyzed α‐pulp, and Avicel was determined using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Precipitation of the CTC samples in methanol resulted in the loss of a low molecular weight fraction accounting for 26% of the weight of the hydrolyzed α‐pulp, 20% of the Avicel, and 5% of the α‐pulp. Precipitation in a methanol/water mixture resulted in less fractionation; in this case, however, the reaction byproducts were also precipitated. These results indicate that the molecular weight distribution of precipitated CTC may not accurately reflect the molecular weight distribution of the original cellulose. SEC analysis of the nonvolatile products from the carbanilation reaction offers a simple method for determining the complete molecular weight distribution of this cellulose derivative.
Three‐dimensional investigation and scoring of extracellular matrix remodeling during lung fibrosis using multiphoton microscopy (2006)

The organization of collagen during fibrotic processes is poorly characterized because of the lack of appropriate methodologies. Here we show that multimodal multiphoton microscopy provides novel insights into lung fibrosis. We characterize normal and fibrotic pulmonary tissue in the bleomycin model, and show that second-harmonic generation by fibrillar collagen reveals the micrometer-scale three-dimensional spatial distribution of the fibrosis. We find that combined two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic imaging of unstained lung tissue allows separating the inflammatory and fibrotic steps in this pathology, underlining characteristic features of fibroblastic foci in human Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis samples. Finally, we propose phenomenological scores of lung fibrosis and we show that they unambiguously sort out control and treated mice, with a better sensitivity and reproducibility in the subpleural region. These results should be readily generalized to other organs, as an accurate method to assess extracellular matrix remodeling during fibrosis.
Analysis of the value for unit commitment of improved load forecasts (1999)

Load forecast errors can yield suboptimal unit commitment decisions. The economic cost of inaccurate forecasts is assessed by a combination of forecast simulation, unit commitment optimization, and economic dispatch modeling for several different generation/load systems. The forecast simulation preserves the error distributions and correlations actually experienced by users of a neural net-based forecasting system. Underforecasts result in purchases of expensive peaking or spot market power; overforecasts inflate start-up and fixed costs because too much capacity is committed. The value of improved accuracy is found to depend on load and generator characteristics; for the systems considered here, a reduction of 1% in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) decreases variable generation costs by approximately 0.1%-0.3% when MAPE is in the range of 3%-5%. These values are broadly consistent with the results of a survey of 19 utilities, using estimates obtained by simpler methods. A conservative estimate is that a 1% reduction in forecasting error for a 10,000 MW utility can save up to $1.6 million annually.
Virtual Customer Service Agents: Using Social Presence and Personalization to Shape Online Service Encounters (2014)

By performing tasks traditionally fulfilled by service personnel and having a humanlike appearance, virtual customer service agents bring classical service elements to the web, which may positively influence customer satisfaction through eliciting social responses and feelings of personalization. This paper sheds light on these dynamics by proposing and testing a model drawing upon the theories of implicit personality, social response, emotional contagion, and social interaction. The model proposes friendliness, expertise, and smile as determinants of social presence, personalization, and online service encounter satisfaction. An empirical study confirms the cross-channel applicability of friendliness and expertise as determinants of social presence and personalization. Overall, the study underlines that integration between technology and personal aspects may lead to more social online service encounters. © 2014 International Communication Association.
Systematic Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Active Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Analogs with Elongated Side Chains and Their Cell Differentiation Activities (2007)

Side-chain elongation of active vitamin D3 is acknowledged as a structural modification to enhance its cell differentiation activity; however, the comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) as a result of this modification has not been reported. To clarify the SAR, we synthesized six analogs systematically elongated at the 24-position, 26,27-position, or both by methylene (normal A-ring series 1a-f) in a facile parallel solution-phase synthesis. Using parallel synthesis, we expanded the side chain-elongation study into two 19-exomethylene analog series: 19-nor-A-ring (4a-f) and 2-methylene-19-nor-A-ring (5a-f). In the 19-nor-A-ring analog series, the SAR induced by side-chain elongation was similar to the normal A-ring analog series, but in the 2-methylene-19-nor-A-ring series, the SAR was unique.
Six-Hour Pigmentation Test for the Identification of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (1975)

Cryptococcus neoformans colonies can be identified within 6 h using paper disks containing caffeic acid and ferric citrate. Indentification is based on the development of a dark brown pigment. Saprophytic Cryptococcus species and common clinically isolated yeasts do not develop the brown color. The concentration of the reagents and the method of storage of the impregnated paper disks are critical for the rapid and specific development of the pigment.
Increased plasma bile alcohol glucuronides in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (1987)

Large quantities of C27 bile alcohols hydroxylated at C-25 are excreted in the bile and urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a lipid storage disease that results from defective bile acid synthesis. The presence of both biliary and urinary bile alcohols reflects impaired bile acid synthesis. After treatment of samples with beta-glucuronidase, plasma bile alcohols were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 5 beta-Cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol (334 micrograms/dl) was found to be the major bile alcohol, followed by 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23R,25-pentol (65 micrograms/dl), and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24(R and S),25-pentols (62.5 micrograms/dl and 64.5 micrograms/dl, respectively) in the plasma of these patients. When compared to biliary and urinary bile alcohol excretions, the plasma pattern resembled bile where 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol glucuronide predominated. In contrast, urinary bile alcohols were composed chiefly of 5 beta-cholestanepentol glucuronides with only small amounts of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol glucuronide. Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid, which suppresses abnormal bile acid synthesis in these patients, reduced plasma bile alcohol concentrations dramatically. These results show that large quantities of bile alcohol glucuronides, particularly 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrolglucuronide, circulate in plasma of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. The plasma bile alcohols closely resemble biliary bile alcohols which indicates their hepatic origin. The large quantities of polyhydroxylated bile alcohols in the urine may suggest their formation, at least in part, from 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol by renal hydroxylating mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three‐dimensional microscopy in thick biological samples: A fresh approach for adjusting focus and correcting spherical aberration (1997)

A modified optical system for the light microscope has been devised in order to remotely shift the focal plane and to manipulate the point spread function for any given objective lens. An adjustable telescope system is inserted into the microscope tube so as to move the intermediate image position, thus achieving two goals of fundamental importance for the three-dimensional imaging of biological samples. First, it allows the focus to be rapidly varied without actually moving the objective lens. This permits high throughput three-dimensional microscopy of living specimens. Secondly, it makes possible the compensation of objective lens spherical aberration. This distortion is especially significant when high numerical aperture objectives are utilized to image deep into thick specimens.
Patchiness, collapse and succession of a cyanobacterial bloom evaluated by synoptic sampling and remote sensing (1989)

Journal Article Patchiness, collapse and succession of a cyanobacterial bloom evaluated by synoptic sampling and remote sensing Get access David L. Galat, David L. Galat 1 Present address: Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 112 Stephens Hall, University of MissouriColumbia, MO 65211, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James P. Verdin James P. Verdin 2US Bureau of Reclamation, Division of Research and Laboratory ServicesDenver, CO 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 11, Issue 5, 1989, Pages 925–948, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/11.5.925 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 01 August 1988 Accepted: 12 April 1989 Published: 01 September 1989
Recognizing and treating depression in children and adolescents (2006)

Depression in youth is common and treatable and responds best to multimodal treatment combining patient and family education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and antidepressant medication. The potential benefits of antidepressants outweigh the risks for adolescents. Family and psychotherapeutic interventions are most effective for prepubertal children.
Exact multisensor dynamic bias estimation with local tracks (2003)

Abstruct- This paper provides the exact solution of multiple sensor bias estimation problem based on local tracks. It is shown that the bias estimate can be obtained dynamically using the outputs of the local (biased) state estimators. This is accomplished by manipulating the local state estimates such that they yield pseudomeasurements of the sensor biases with additive noises that are zero-mean, white and with easily calculated covariances. These results allow evaluation of the Cramer-Ftao Lower Bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the bias estimate, i.e., the quantification of the available information about the biases in any scenario. Monte Carlo simulations show that this method has significant improvement of performance with reducing the RMS errors about 60-80% comparing to the commonly used decoupled Kalman filtering method. Furthermore, the new method is shown be statistically efficient, i.e., it meets the CRLB. The extension of the new technique for dynamically varying biases is also presented. Keywords: Sensor bias estimation, registration, multisensor-multitarget tracking, decoupled Kalman filtering.
Use Cases for Telepresence Multistreams (2014)

Telepresence conferencing systems seek to create an environment that gives users (or user groups) that are not co-located a feeling of colocated presence through multimedia communication that includes at least audio and video signals of high fidelity. A number of techniques for handling audio and video streams are used to create this experience. When these techniques are not similar, interoperability between different systems is difficult at best, and often not possible. Conveying information about the relationships between multiple streams of media would enable senders and receivers to make choices to allow telepresence systems to interwork. This memo describes the most typical and important use cases for sending multiple streams in a telepresence conference.
Juvenile nephropathy in a Weimaraner dog (1997)

A case of juvenile nephropathy in a two-year-old Weimaraner bitch is reported. Although Juvenile nephropathy has been described in several breeds of dogs, this is the first report in a Weimaraner. Clinical aspects, blood analysis, renal pathology and extrarenal changes are described. The renal changes consisted of tubular as well as glomerular lesions, similar to those described in the miniature schnauzer. The main extrarenal lesion was degeneration and necrosis of subendocardial myocytes in the left atrial wall associated with an inflammatory reaction and focal necrotising arteritis.
Transforming Oil Tracer Studies (2016)

Abstract Chemical and radioactive tracers have been used for decades in the oil industry to track injected fluids to map inter-well permeable paths (as passive tracers) and as active tracers to identify reservoirs that are specifically suited for EOR operations by detecting residual oil saturation. The down side of using these types of tracers is the high cost of materials, time consuming collection, costly lab analysis and high safety hazards of the materials themselves. Saudi Aramco's Reservoir Engineering Team has made significant progress towards using nanoparticles as active and passive reservoir tracers that are inexpensive, easy to produce and pose very low safety hazards personally or environmentally. Additionally, Aramco has been developing a portable stand-alone system that can detect these advanced nanoparticle tracers in real-time, directly from the well head with no need for sample collection or lab analysis and can run without operator intervention for at least three months. This paper presents the prototype stand-alone sensing system for advanced nanoparticle tracers which has the potential to transform the efficiency of current nanoparticle oil tracing practices by nearly 99% by reducing collection and processing time from around 10 hours to &lt;5 minutes in real time. Recent results show the system's ability to separate, purify and detect fluorescent nanotracers from produced water to 0.1ppm levels in a portable inline process.
The Si(Li) X‐Ray energy analysis system: Operating principle and performance (1972)

Abstract Major improvement in energy resolution in the last two years have made the Si(Li) X‐ray energy analysis system a significant tool for X‐ray spectroscopy. Its high detection efficiency, coupled with ability to analyse for all element simultaneously, has led to the development of several new techniques for X‐ray analysis. This article reviews the present state of the technology for this instrument with respect to performance characteristics and operating principles. A brief reference to its more important applications is also included.