gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on mesoporous platinum microelectrodes (2000)

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen is studied using electrochemically deposited mesoporous platinum microelectrodes, which exhibit efficient mass transfer of material to the electrode surface and accelerated reduction kinetics when compared to polished microelectrodes.
Distal Switch II Region of Ras2p Is Required for Interaction with Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (1996)

The interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ras2p with the catalytic domain of the GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs) mouse CDC25(Mm), yeast Cdc25p, and Sdc25p was analyzed by introducing the substitution R80D/N81D into Ras2p S24N, a mutant that is shown to interfere with the Ras2p wild type (wt)-GEF interaction by forming a stable complex. The triple mutant, like Ras2p R80D/N81D, did not interfere with the action of GEF on Ras2p wt (or H-Ras p21) and was unable to form a stable complex with GEF. The GEF stimulation of the nucleotide dissociation of the triple mutant was virtually abolished and strongly decreased with the double mutant. The affinity of Ras2p S24N/R80D/N81D for GDP and GTP was decreased 3 and 4 orders of magnitude, respectively, like that of Ras2p S24N, whereas the double mutant behaved as Ras2p wt. Like Ras2p S24N and unlike Ras2p R80D/N81D, the GTP-bound triple mutant did not activate adenylyl cyclase. Thus, the triple mutant and Ras2p S24N have opposite properties toward the binding to GEF but similarly modified behaviors toward GDP, GTP, and adenylyl cyclase. This work emphasizes the determinant role of the distal switch II region of Ras2p for the interaction with GEF and the different structural background of the interaction with adenylyl cyclase.
Tissue Engineering Solutions for Traumatic Bone Loss (2006)

Tissue engineering strategies for the repair, replacement, or augmentation of bone defects involves the use of cells, matrices, and bioregulatory factors. The source (endogenous, exogenous) and character of these factors, however, may vary greatly among the many approaches taken by current investigators. Although the results of current tissue engineering methods for regenerating bone have shown great promise, the extent of damage to extremities associated with war injuries may require the development of techniques that differ substantially from current practice.
A reproductive screening test of goldenseal (2005)

It is likely that poor absorption of goldenseal from the small intestine could explain the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro results. It is unlikely that serum concentration from oral treatment could attain the LOEL achieved in vitro. The contrasting results highlight the continuing importance of in vivo work and the necessity of pharmacokinetic data when interpreting in vitro data. The data suggest that goldenseal, at the prescribed human dose, is unlikely to be absorbed to an extent to be unsafe to use in pregnancy despite the apparent cytotoxic effects in vitro. However, these results indicate that pharmacokinetic studies are required to confirm this conclusion.
Chabot: retrieval from a relational database of images (1995)

Selecting from a large, expanding collection of images requires carefully chosen search criteria. We present an approach that integrates a relational database retrieval system with a color analysis technique. The Chabot project was initiated at our university to study storage and retrieval of a vast collection of digitized images. These images are from the State of California Department of Water Resources. The goal was to integrate a relational database retrieval system with content analysis techniques that would give our querying system a better method for handling images. Our simple color analysis method, if used in conjunction with other search criteria, improves our ability to retrieve images efficiently. The best result is obtained when text-based search criteria are combined with content-based criteria and when a coarse granularity is used for content analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reluctance of internists and medical nurses to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (1993)

<h3>Background:</h3> Physicians and nurses constitute a major part of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation responders and serve as educators and resource personnel concerning cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We decided to determine if fear of infectious disease has dampened physician and nurse response to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR). <h3>Methods:</h3> Four hundred thirty-three internists and one hundred fifty-two medical nurses responded to presentations of mock cardiac arrest scenarios. <h3>Results:</h3> Forty-five percent of the physicians and 80% of the nurses would refuse to do MMR on a stranger. Between 18% and 25% of nurses and attending internists would not do MMR on a child. Being born in the United States or white racial background decreased the reluctance of the respondents to perform MMR. Only 15% of the respondents would do MMR on a stranger in a gay neighborhood. All respondents that would not do MMR stated that their reason involved fear of contracting communicable diseases, especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Internists and medical nurses are highly reluctant to perform MMR. We recommend that the teaching of MMR should emphasize performance on children and family members where willingness to perform MMR is high. We urge public education along with widespread availability of effective barrier masks to resuscitate MMR itself. (Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1763-1769)
Experimental simulation of quantum graphs by microwave networks (2004)

We present the results of experimental and theoretical study of irregular, tetrahedral microwave networks consisting of coaxial cables (annular waveguides) connected by T joints. The spectra of the networks were measured in the frequency range 0.0001-16 GHz in order to obtain their statistical properties such as the integrated nearest neighbor spacing distribution and the spectral rigidity Delta(3) (L). The comparison of our experimental and theoretical results shows that microwave networks can simulate quantum graphs with time reversal symmetry. In particular, we use the spectra of the microwave networks to study the periodic orbits of the simulated quantum graphs. We also present experimental study of directional microwave networks consisting of coaxial cables and Faraday isolators for which the time reversal symmetry is broken. In this case our experimental results indicate that spectral statistics of directional microwave networks deviate from predictions of Gaussian orthogonal ensembles in random matrix theory approaching, especially for small eigenfrequency spacing s, results for Gaussian unitary ensembles. Experimental results are supported by the theoretical analysis of directional graphs.
FairyTALE: A High-Throughput TAL Effector Synthesis Platform (2013)

Recombinant transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have been effectively used for genome editing and gene regulation applications. Due to their remarkable modularity, TALEs can be tailored to specifically target almost any user-defined DNA sequences. Here, we introduce fairyTALE, a liquid phase high-throughput TALE synthesis platform capable of producing TALE-nucleases, activators, and repressors that recognize DNA sequences between 14 and 31 bp. It features a highly efficient reaction scheme, a flexible functionalization platform, and fully automated robotic liquid handling that enable the production of hundreds of expression-ready TALEs within a single day with over 98% assembly efficiency at a material cost of just $5 per TALE. As proof of concept, we synthesized and tested 90 TALEs, each recognizing 27 bp, without restrictions on their sequence composition. 96% of these TALEs were found to be functional, while sequencing confirmation revealed that the nonfunctional constructs were all correctly assembled.
Topological Constraints on Identifying Additive Link Metrics via End-to-end Paths Measurements (2012)

Abstract—We investigate the problem of identifying individual link metrics in a communication network through measuring accumulated end-to-end metrics over selected paths, under the assumption that link metrics are additive (e.g., delay) and constant in the measurement duration. Based on linear algebra, we know that all the link metrics can be uniquely identified when the number of linearly independent paths is equal to the number of links in the network. There lacks, however, a fundamental theory to relate the number of linearly independent paths (and thus link identifiability) to externally observable parameters such as network topology, number of monitoring nodes, and routing restrictions. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to study constraints on the network topology for identifying additive link metrics, conditioned on the number of monitoring nodes being fixed, and cycles being prohibited in constructing measurement paths. Our first main result is that it is impossible to identify all the link metrics in any network with a nontrivial topology (having more than one link) using only two monitoring nodes; nevertheless, the interior links not incident with any monitoring node might be identifiable. Our second main result is a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for identifying all the interior links using two monitoring nodes. Furthermore, we show that these conditions have a natural extension to identifying the entire network using three or more monitoring nodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work providing fundamental constraints on network topology for identifying additive link metrics using end-to-end measurements on cycle-free paths. I.
Nitrification of waste waters from fish-meal factories (1998)

Fish-meal factories generate waste waters with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), fats and protein concentrations. After their treatment by anaerobic digestion, effluents with high ammonia- and organic-nitrogen contents and a fraction of residual COD are produced. A biological nitrification/denitrification process is proposed to reduce both the residual carbon and the nitrogen. The aerobic stage has the double objective of reducing COD and nitrifying the ammonia- and organic-nitrogen for its further removal at the denitrification stage. The nitrification process of the waste water is presented here. Under operating conditions, ammonia accumulation in the aerobic reactor occurs, inhibiting nitrite-oxidising bacteria. Specific removal rates of COD (up to 1.5 g COD/g VSS·d) and TKN (up to 0.25 g N/g VSS·d) were obtained. The effect of nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on ammonia conversion was studied. A linear relationship was found between NLR and ammonia oxidation rate up to NLR of 0.6 g-TKN/l·d, being the slope 0.57 g/g and the correlation factor of 0.96. With an NLR of higher than 0.6, it was not possible to obtain a nitrification rate higher than 0.5 g N-NO(x)/l·d. Percentages of COD removal ranged from 95% to 60% and the nitrification percentages from 65% to 20%.
Preparation and evaluation of nano-crystalline titania as sorbent for<sup>99</sup>Mo/<sup>99m</sup>Tc generator (2016)

In the presented work, nano-crystalline titania (TiO2) was synthesized and evaluated as a novel chromatographic sorbent for the preparation of the medical 99Mo/99mTc generator. TiO2 was synthesized by dissolving TiCl4.6H2O with isopropyl alcohol to form a semisolid mass that was extensively dried and washed. The physicochemical parameters and surface area of the synthesized nano-crystalline TiO2 were evaluated. TiO2 was packed as a chromatographic column to study the sorption of 99Mo-polymolybdate (VI) anionic solution by dynamic equilibrium. The maximum sorption capacity of 99Mo was ~141±2mg Mo/g TiO2, thereby confirming its suitability for using low specific activity 99Mo for the preparation of 99Mo/99mTc generator. The elution performance of the prepared 99Mo/99mTc generator based on Ti-99Mo was evaluated. It showed high radiochemical purity (≥ 97% TcO4−), high radionuclidic purity (≥ 99.99%99mTc) and high chemical purity; all of these specifications show the suitability for use in nuclear medicine applications.
A system for soundscape generation, composition and streaming (2010)

Soundscape design is beginning to receive considerable attention in virtual environments and interactive media developments. Current trends (e.g. online communities and games, web and mobile technologies and augmentedreality tourism platforms, 2D and 3D virtual cartography and urban design) might require new paradigms of soundscape design and interaction. We propose a generative system that aims at simplifying the authoring process, but offering at the same time a realistic and interactive soundscape. A sample-based synthesis algorithm is driven by graph models. Sound samples can be retrieved from a user-contributed audio repository. The synthesis engine runs on a server that gets position update messages and the soundscape is delivered to the client application as a web stream. The system provides standard format for soundscape composition. Documentation and resources are available at [1]. 1.
High figures of merit and natural nanostructures in Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 based thermoelectric materials (2008)

Mg 2 ( Si , Sn ) compounds have shown great promise for thermoelectric applications due to good thermoelectric properties, nontoxicity, and abundantly available constituent elements. Herein we report on the thermoelectric properties and microstructure of high performance Mg2Si0.4−xSn0.6Sbx (0⩽x⩽0.015) alloys. The state-of-the-art ZT value of ∼1.1 has been attained in the samples with x=0.0075 due to the relatively low thermal conductivity. In light of the simple cubic structure and mostly light constituent elements, the reduction in lattice thermal conductivity has been discussed in connection with a fairly large amount of in situ formed nanostructures in these samples.
Novel Basic Isoflavones as Inhibitors of Bone Resorption (2001)

A number of aminoalkoxy analogues of ipriflavone (=7-(1-methylethoxy)isoflavone) were prepared and examined for their capacity to inhibit bone resorption induced by bovine parathyroid hormone fragment 1 – 34. Good-to-high activities were found for 7-(aminoalkoxy)isoflavone analogues. Their activity was influenced by a number of structural features, among which the length of the basic side chain, the basicity of the amino group, and the nature and position of substituents on the 3-phenyl ring. 4′-(Aminoalkoxy)ipriflavone derivatives were less active.
Reputation based mesh-tree-mesh cluster hybrid architecture for P2P live streaming (2016)

Streaming video content to the end users with less delay and at the same time delivering content without compromising on the quality is a challenging task in peer to peer network. In this paper, a novel algorithm for constructing a scalable and robust hybrid overlay structure for video streaming is proposed. Peers are arranged in three layers namely mesh, tree and mesh cluster. They are connected to any of the layers on the basis of its reputation; the peers have reputation above a certain threshold are connected in meshor tree structure otherwise connected to mesh cluster. It supports more number of peers by connecting high reputed peers near streaming server and robustness of the proposed overlay structure to peer churn is achieved by the usage of mesh structure. Simulation results exhibit the characteristics of the proposed three-layer hybrid video streaming architecture and its performance with respect to end to end delay. It takes 19.41% less delay than mTreebone to stream video.
Design and optimization of a beam-shaping assembly for BNCT based on a neutron generator (2007)

A monoenergetic neutron beam simulation study is carried out to determine the most suitable neutron energy for treatment of shallow and deep-seated brain tumors in the context of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Two figures-of-merit, i.e. the absorbed dose for healthy tissue and the absorbed tumor dose at a given depth in the brain are used to measure the neutron beam quality. Also irradiation time, therapeutic gain and the power generated in the target are utilized as beam assessment parameters. Moderators, reflectors and delimiters are designed and optimized to moderate the high-energy neutrons from the fusion reactions .(d;n) and (d;n) down to a suitable energy spectrum. Metallic uranium and manganese are successfully tested for fast-to-epithermal neutron moderation as well as Fluental for the neutron spectrum shifting. A semispherical target is proposed in order to dissipate twice the amount of power generated in the target, and decrease all the dimensions of the BSA. The cooling system of the target is also included in the calculations. Calculations are performed using the MCNP code. After the optimization of our beam-shaper a study of the dose distribution in the head had been made. The therapeutic gain is increased in 9% while the current required for one hour treatment is decreased in comparison with the trading prototypes of NG used for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
Formation of <i>N</i>-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from Dimethylamine during Chlorination (2001)

Chlorine disinfection of secondary wastewater effluent and drinking water can result in the production of the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) at concentrations of approximately 100 and 10 parts per trillion (ng/L), respectively. Laboratory experiments with potential NDMA precursors indicate that NDMA formation can form during the chlorination of dimethylamine and other secondary amines. The formation of NDMA during chlorination may involve the slow formation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by the reaction of monochloramine and dimethylamine followed by its rapid oxidation to NDMA and other products including dimethylcyanamide and dimethylformamide. Other pathways also lead to NDMA formation during chlorination such as the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with dimethylamine. However, the rate of NDMA formation is approximately an order of magnitude slower than that observed when monochloramine reacts with dimethylamine. The reaction exhibits a strong pH dependence due to competing reactions. It may be possible to reduce NDMA formation during chlorination by removing ammonia prior to chlorination, by breakpoint chlorination, or by avoidance of the use of monochloramine for drinking water disinfection.
Contribution of Erythrocytes to Thrombin Generation in Whole Blood (1999)

Thrombin generation (TG) initiated by diluted tissue-factor was investigated in whole human blood, in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and in PPP supplemented with red blood cells (RBCs). TG was characterized by the lag time preceding the thrombin burst and by the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). RBCs at normal haematocrit were found to influence the lag time to the same extent as platelets. When TG was carried out in PRP or in PPP + RBCs, both the ETP and lag time were dependent on the platelet count or on the haematocrit, but the shapes of the dose-response curves were different. The inhibition of TG in PPP+ RBCs by two direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors: hirudin and DX 9065A, and two antithrombin III (AT)-dependent anticoagulants: heparin and SR 90107A was found to be similar to that previously described in PPP and in PRP: hirudin and DX 9065A only delayed TG whereas heparin and SR 90107A both delayed and decreased TG. FACscan analysis following labelling with FITC-annexin V or with phycoerythrin-labelled antiglycophorin A of samples taken in the course of TG initiated in PPP + RBCs showed that no significant haemolysis occurred and revealed that 0.51+/-0.075% (mean +/- sem, n = 3) of RBCs steadily exposed procoagulant phospholipids on their outer surface throughout the TG course. Furthermore, incubation of factors Xa and Va with washed RBCs sampled during TG in PPP +RBCs resulted in a significant and constant prothrombinase activity. Taken together, these data show for the first time that normal RBCs may participate in the haemostatic process through exposure of procoagulant phospholipids.
Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL Cooperatively Maintain Integrity of Hepatocytes in Developing and Adult Murine Liver† (2009)

Mcl-1 is critical for blocking apoptosis in adult liver and, in the absence of Bcl-xL, is essential for normal liver development. Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL are two major anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins expressed in the liver and cooperatively control hepatic integrity during liver development and in adult liver homeostasis in a gene dose-dependent manner.
Scheduling and data replication to improve tape jukebox performance (1999)

An increasing number of database applications require online access to massive amounts of data. Since large scale storage systems implemented entirely on magnetic disk can be impractical or too costly for many applications, tape jukeboxes can provide an attractive solution. The paper shows how the performance of tape jukeboxes can be improved across a broad parameter space via a new scheduling algorithm and schemes for the placement and replication of hot data. We substantiate our claim by an extensive simulation study that quantifies the improvements obtained over a wide variety of workload characteristics. Our experiments suggest that system throughput increases when replicas of hot data are placed at the tape ends (not in the middle or at the beginning). As a result, the proposed replication techniques can be used to fill existing spare capacity in a tape jukebox, thus improving the performance of the jukebox "for free".
Efficient Boundary Extraction of BSP Solids Based on Clipping Operations (2012)

We present an efficient algorithm to extract the manifold surface that approximates the boundary of a solid represented by a Binary Space Partition (BSP) tree. Our polygonization algorithm repeatedly performs clipping operations on volumetric cells that correspond to a spatial convex partition and computes the boundary by traversing the connected cells. We use point-based representations along with finite-precision arithmetic to improve the efficiency and generate the B-rep approximation of a BSP solid. The core of our polygonization method is a novel clipping algorithm that uses a set of logical operations to make it resistant to degeneracies resulting from limited precision of floating-point arithmetic. The overall BSP to B-rep conversion algorithm can accurately generate boundaries with sharp and small features, and is faster than prior methods. At the end of this paper, we use this algorithm for a few geometric processing applications including Boolean operations, model repair, and mesh reconstruction.
Synthesis, spectral and microbial studies of some novel quinoline derivatives via Vilsmeier Haack reaction (2008)

Novel symmetric double quinoline derivatives were synthesized using the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent and symmetric double acetamides of 1,1'-bis(R,4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane/methane. The structure of the intermediates (SDA-1 to SDA-3) and final products (SDQ-1 to SDQ-3) were supported by UV, FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass spectroscopic measurements. Compounds SDA-1 to SDA-3 and SDQ-1 to SDQ-3 possess moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Economically Targeted Investments: Genesis, Market Efficiency, and Implementation (2002)

A briefing on the phenomenon of economically targeted investments. Where they are used and why they exist. If you are at all involved with public pension funds, this is must reading.
Interrupting Performance of Capacitive Current By Disconnecting Switch for Gas Insulated Switchgear (1981)

This paper deals with simulation methods for obtaining the maximum value of switching overvoltage and investigations on a mechanism of fault to ground which may occur when a capacitive current is interrupted by a disconnecting switch for gas insulated switchgear, and factors affecting its dielectric strength to ground as well. Also the paper discusses remedies for improving the dielectric strength at capacitive current interruption and proposes the Simulation Arc Test Method.