gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a dynamically reconfigurable critical care monitor (2002)

A methodology and implementation are presented for a critical care monitor which is capable of dynamic reconfiguration of data abstraction strategies using contextual information. The goal is to provide the clinician with abstractions of the data that closely match the objectives of data interpretation in relation to the current clinical questions. A prototype with basic functionality is being tested in the coronary care unit at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The monitoring system is integrated with the patient care information system to obtain clinical contextual information on the monitored patient.
Oxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic acids by dimethyl sulfoxide (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic acids by dimethyl sulfoxideOrville G. LoweCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 11, 2061–2064Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00873a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00873a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1308Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design Considerations for Wide Bandwidth Continuous-Time Low-Pass Delta-Sigma Analog-to-Digital Converters (2010)

Continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converters (ADC) have emerged as the popular choice to achieve high resolution and large bandwidth due to their low cost, power efficiency, inherent anti-alias filtering and digital post processing capabilities.\nThis work presents a detailed system-level design methodology for a low-power CT ΔΣ ADC. Design considerations and trade-offs at the system-level are presented. A novel technique to reduce the sensitivity of the proposed ADC to clock jitter-induced feedback charge variations by employing a hybrid digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on switched-capacitor circuits is also presented. The proposed technique provides a clock jitter tolerance of up to 5ps (rms). The system is implemented using a 5th order active-RC loop filter, 9-level quantizer and DAC, achieving 74dB SNDR over 20MHz signal bandwidth, at 400MHz sampling frequency in a 1.2V, 90 nm CMOS technology.\nA novel technique to improve the linearity of the feedback digital-to-analog converters (DAC) in a target 11-bits resolution, 100MHz bandwidth, 2GHz sampling frequency CT ΔΣ ADC is also presented in this work. DAC linearity is improved by combining dynamic element matching and automatic background calibration to achieve up to 18dB improvement in the SNR. Transistor-level circuit implementation of the proposed technique was done in a 1.8V, 0.18μm BiCMOS process.
Comparative investigation of Langerhans' cells and potential receptors for HIV in oral, genitourinary and rectal epithelia. (1995)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is commonly transmitted, during homosexual and heterosexual intercourse, through the rectal and cervicovaginal mucosa, foreskin and urethral epithelia. However, there is uncertainty about HIV transmission through the oral mucosa by oral sex. We have carried out a comparative immunohistological investigation of primate oral, cervicovaginal, foreskin, urethral and rectal epithelia for potential HIV receptors. We investigated epithelial tissues for CD4 glycoprotein, which is the principal receptor for HIV, Fc receptors of IgG for binding HIV-IgG antibody complexes, and HLA class II, which might enable HIV-bound CD4+ cells to gain access to the epithelial cells. CD4 glycoprotein was not found in oral, foreskin, urethral, vaginal or rectal epithelial cells, although CD4+ mononuclear cells were present in the lamina propria of each epithelium. Fc gamma II and Fc gamma III receptors were found in urethral, endocervical and rectal epithelia, and Fc gamma III and Fc gamma I receptors in the foreskin. However, Fc gamma receptors were not found in oral epithelium (buccal, labial, lingual or palatal) and only Fc gamma III receptors were detected in the gingival epithelial cells. HLA class II antigen was also not detected in foreskin, oral or rectal epithelium, but it was expressed by endocervical cells from most human specimens and in male urethral epithelia of non-human male primates. Langerhans' cells were found in all epithelia except those of the urethra and rectum, and they can express CD4 glycoprotein, Fc gamma receptors and HLA class II antigen. The mean number of Langerhans' cells expressing CD4 in the upper third of oral epithelium was significantly lower compared with vaginal epithelium or foreskin. The HIV-binding V1 domain of CD4 was significantly decreased in Langerhans' cells present in oral compared with vaginal epithelium. The results suggest that the foreskin in uncircumcised men and the cervicovaginal epithelium in females might become infected via the CD4+ Langerhans' cells. However, urethral infection might be mediated by HIV-antibody complexes binding to urethral epithelial Fc gamma receptors. The paucity of Langerhans' cells expressing the V1 domain of CD4, the absence of Fc gamma receptors, and a lack of expression of HLA class II antigens in most oral epithelial cells, argue against transmission of HIV through the normal intact oral mucosa.
Eficiencia contractual y señalización a través de la elección contable: el caso de la revalorización de activos en España (2005)

En este trabajo se analizan los determinantes economicos que pudieron explicar la revalorizacion voluntaria de activos permitida por el Real Decreto Ley 7/1996, de 13 de junio. Se trata de un estudio que reviste caracteristicas de interes, al combinar componentes discrecionales con otros taxativamente regulados: la decision de revalorizar fue voluntaria, pero no asi cuando y como hacerlo; se autorizo para un unico ejercicio y mediante un procedimiento objetivo, sin posibilidad de introducir estimaciones de valor. Por esta razon, constituye una excelente oportunidad para verificar en que medida esta decision puede ser explicada por las teorias clasicas de la eleccion contable.

Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto, en el analisis univariante, que la actualizacion persigue tanto la eficiencia contractual como la senalizacion de rentabilidad futura. En el analisis multivariante, orientado al estudio de los factores que conjuntamente explican la decision de revalorizar, y tras controlar la incertidumbre como posible factor inhibidor de esta decision, documentamos como las companias que revalorizaron sus activos son las que exhiben mayor rentabilidad en los ejercicios posteriores, si bien se trata de una decision condicionada por la existencia de costes de propiedad. No hemos obtenido evidencia de que los costes politicos, el ahorro de impuestos y el nivel de endeudamiento sean factores igualmente determinantes de esta decision; nuestros hallazgos empiricos son robustos y se mantienen con especificaciones y contrastes alternativos. Por ultimo, los resultados contables de las firmas que actualizaron sus inmovilizados son de mayor calidad, tanto en terminos de persistencia como por un empleo menos oportunista de la discrecionalidad contable.
Contrarian approach to and ultimate solution for 193-nm reticle haze (2007)

Despite ample phenomenological evidence of reticle haze in IC manufacturing fabs, the mechanism of reticle haze formation is not well understood. Many attempts to control reticle haze formations are driven by trial-and-error approach and results are frequently contradicting and confusing. The authors apply extensive expertise of airborne molecular contamination (AMC) measurement and control and DUV optics protection [1,2] to develop a potential solution to the issue of 193-nm reticle haze. The authors outline the common mechanism of reticle haze formation and show that chemical modification of the reticle surface during mask manufacturing procedure is largely responsible for mask reticle susceptibility to AMC and surface molecular contamination (SMC). A proposed mechanism well explains available experimental and phenomenological data and the differences seen in chemical compositions of the haze particles observed at different fabs. The authors propose a single elegant solution for controlling multiple types of haze. Effectiveness of this solution is demonstrated through the field data obtained from production fabs.
Optical hair removal (1999)

Traditional methods of hair removal have proven unsatisfactory for many individuals with excessive or unwanted hair. In the last few years, several lasers and xenon flashlamps have been developed that promise to fulfill the need for a practical, safe, and long-lasting method of hair removal. Aggressive marketing of these has contributed to their popularity among patients and physicians. However, significant controversy and confusion surrounds this field. This article provides a detailed explanation of the scientific underpinnings for optical hair removal and explores the advantages and disadvantages of the various devices currently available (Nd:YAG, ruby, alexandrite, diode lasers, and xenon flashlamp). Treatment and safety guidelines are provided to assist the practitioner in the use of these devices. Although the field of optical hair removal is still in its infancy, initial reports of long-term efficacy are encouraging.
An ultra-low-power image compressor for capsule endoscope (2006)

As the result, the developed video compressor only costs 31 K gates at 2 frames per second, consumes 14.92 mW, and reduces the video size by 75% at least.
Temperature-dependent electrical property transition of graphene oxide paper (2012)

Reduction of graphene oxide is primarily important because different reduction methods may result in graphene with totally different properties. For systematically exploring the reduction of graphene oxide, studies of the temperature-dependent electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) are urgently required. In this work, for the first time, broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to carry out an in situ investigation on the transition of the electrical properties of GO paper from -40 to 150 °C. The results clearly reveal a very interesting four-stage transition of electrical properties of GO paper with increasing temperature: insulator below 10 °C (stage 1), semiconductor at between 10 and 90 °C (stage 2), insulator at between 90 and 100 °C (stage 3), and semiconductor again at above 100 °C (stage 4). Subsequently, the transition mechanism was discussed in combination with detailed dielectric properties, microstructure and thermogravimetric analyses. It is suggested that the temperature-dependent transition of electronic properties of GO is closely associated with the ion mobility, water molecules removal and the reduction of GO in the GO paper. Most importantly, the present work clearly demonstrates the reduction of GO paper starts at above 100 °C.
Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B at Sub Mouse LD50 Levels by a Sandwich Immunoassay and Its Application to Toxin Detection in Milk (2010)

We report here the generation of monoclonal antibodies to serotype B and the subsequent development of a sensitive sandwich immunoassay. This immunoassay has a detection limit of 100 fg BoNT/B, fifty times more sensitive than the mouse bioassay detection limit of 5 pg BoNT/B. Additionally, this assay detected as little as 39 pg/mL of toxin in skim, 2% and whole milk.
Minimizing Communication Traffic in Data Centers with Power-Aware VM Placement (2012)

Virtualization is one of the most promising ways to enhance the scalability of data centers. Individual physical machines(PMs) can be carved into multiple virtual machines(VMs) for consolidation. In fact, most data centers are still using static greedy allocation of resources to VMs, regardless of the resource characteristics of both VMs and PMs. In this paper, we address that by optimizing the placement of VMs, we can save the cost of resource usage and improve the performance of applications at the same time. The objective is to minimize the total traffic in a data center. We should consolidate VMs with high inter traffic on the same PM, because VMs on the same PM can communicate using only memory copy. We also need to reduce the number of active PMs to save the power cost. This paper first formulates the VM placement as an optimization problem. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on clustering to deploy VMs on PMs. A greedy algorithm is used for the online scenario. In the end, we experiment on data sets collected from a data center. Results show that our algorithm can efficiently reduce the overall traffic and power cost in the data center.
Nucleoside and Nucleobase Transporters in Parasitic Protozoa (2004)

One distinctive feature of the biochemistry of parasitic protozoa is their absolute reliance upon the salvage of preformed purines from their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. While many mammalian cells possess the innate ability to synthesize purines de novo, all protozoa so far examined that
Diode pumped Q-switched single frequency Nd:YAG ring laser (1989)

This glossary of the complications of carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated by the review of more than 1 000 medical records at the Gustave-Roussy Institute. It is the fruit of the practical experience over several years of a team combining of the disciplines of radiotherapy, surgery, gynaecology and computer techniques. It has no pretense at universality. It greatly simplifies, and always in terms of practice and not theory. It was established for the purpose of computerised recording and hence statistical study. It is inadequate for detailed studies in depth of individual complications.
Comparison of intracellular signalling by insulin and the hypermitogenic AspB10 analogue in MCF‐7 breast adenocarcinoma cells (2010)

We compared mitogenicity and intracellular signalling by human insulin and the AspB10 (X-10) human insulin analogue in MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells. By flow analysis of phosphorylated histone H3 or cell cycle distributions, insulin and X-10 were mitogenic at physiologically relevant concentrations (2 nm to 74 pm range), with X-10 being approximately 3-fold more mitogenic than insulin. By western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies, insulin induced phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, p70S6K, S6 ribosomal protein, 4E-BP1, FoxO3a, FoxO1, p44/42 MAPK and the EGFR. Blocking with wortmannin, rapamycin and U0126 showed that these signalling events conformed to the canonical PI3K pathway. IRS-1 (Ser302) phosphorylation was abolished by wortmannin and rapamycin, suggesting a feedback from the PI3K pathway on insulin signalling. Compared with equimolar insulin, X-10 caused up to 2-fold higher phosphorylation of all proteins examined in this study. The phosphorylation sites that responded most strongly to insulin were not generally the same as those responding most strongly to X-10. In the PI3K pathway, the most X-10-sensitive protein localized to the translation-regulating arm (p70S6K), with FoxO3a and FoxO1 transcription factors showing a more comparable response to insulin and X-10. Using flow analysis, we confirmed the correlation between insulin-triggered translational activation in G0/G1 (S6 phosphorylation) and S-phase entry by MCF-7 cells. In summary, our findings implicate asymmetrical PI3K pathway activation and specifically stimulation of protein translation in the hypermitogenic effect of insulin analogues such as X-10. It remains to be shown whether these findings are relevant to other human mammary cancer cell types.
Stability of Recombinant Plasmids Carrying the Threonine Operon in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

The stability of recombinant strains of Escherichia coli carrying hybrid plasmids comprised of pBR322 and the threonine operon (thrA, thrB and thrC) of E. coli was examined. (1) Recombinant strains were classified into two types according to the direction of the an inserted DNA fragment containing the threonine operon, which was cloned into the HindIII site of pBR322. Type I had a more stable pBR322-thr hybrid plasmid, and Type II had a less stable one and easily lost it. scLsc-Threonine productivity of Type I strains was much higher than that of Type II, presumably depending on the stability of each plasmid. (2) Repeated transfer of the host cells carrying pAJ294, a pBR322-thr hybrid plasmid obtained from a Type I strain, without any selective pressure caused a serious loss of the plasmid. Culturing at high temperature or in a poor medium accelerated the loss, and it was prevented by the addition of ampicillin or tetracycline to the culture medium. (3) pAJ294 was stable under some storage conditions, stocking on an agar medium or after lyophilization. (4) pAJ294 was fairly stable in scLsc-threonine production medium at 30°C during growth of up to approximately 17 generations without any antibiotic.
Virtual 3D Sculpting (2000)

This paper presents a virtual sculpting method for interactive 3D object deformation. The method is based on the use of an electronic glove. A parametric control hand surface defined by an open-uniform B-spline tensor product surface is first created to model the hand gesture. The geometric attributes of the object in the Euclidean 3D space are then mapped to the parametric domain of the control hand surface through a ray projection method. By maintaining the distances between the mapped pairs, change of hand gesture can be efficiently transferred to control the deformation of the object. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison CCEM-K4.2017 of 10 pF and 100 pF capacitance standards (2018)

In 2017 the Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM) commissioned a key comparison of electrical capacitance standards, the second time this quantity has been compared since the implementation of the Mutual Recognition Agreement by the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM—MRA) in 1999. This comparison—CCEM-K4.2017—was piloted by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and included seven National Metrology Institutes (NMI) belonging to four Regional Metrology Organizations. The measuring scheme adopted for the comparison was that of a star comparison consisting of a set of bilateral comparisons between the participating NMIs and the BIPM, whose capacitance reference base served as a common reference. For each of the bilateral comparisons, the measurands were the capacitance values of 10 pF travelling standard capacitors belonging to the NMIs and, optionally, the values of 100 pF standards. All the participants have been chosen from those able to realize and maintain a representation of the farad at the best known level of accuracy. Four of them, including the BIPM, were taking their traceability from dc or ac quantum Hall effect standards and, the four others, from a calculable capacitor. The comparison results analysis have evidenced an agreement within about ±5 parts in 10 8 for the mandatory 10 pF measurements and within about ±10 parts in 10 8 for the optional 100 pF measurements. Also, excepted for one of the participants, a good agreement has been found for the ratio 100 pF:10 pF (within ±5 parts in 10 8 ). In addition to the comparison, it has been possible to evaluate the difference between the value of R K (von Klitzing constant) measured by electrical means from calculable capacitors and its last CODATA recommended value (CODATA 2014 adjustment). A difference of (43 ± 23) parts in 10 9 ( k = 1) has been found which is consistent with the difference that can be computed from the experimental data used in the CODATA 2014 adjustment of fundamental constants. This report presents the details of the measurements and analysis having led to these results. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Entanglement in Quantum Critical Phenomena (2003)

Entanglement, one of the most intriguing features of quantum theory and a main resource in quantum information science, is expected to play a crucial role also in the study of quantum phase transitions, where it is responsible for the appearance of long-range correlations. We investigate, through a microscopic calculation, the scaling properties of entanglement in spin chain systems, both near and at a quantum critical point. Our results establish a precise connection between concepts of quantum information, condensed matter physics, and quantum field theory, by showing that the behavior of critical entanglement in spin systems is analogous to that of entropy in conformal field theories. We explore some of the implications of this connection.
Cloning of a sequence of <i>Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum</i> that complements the <i>aroD</i> gene of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

A 2 kb DNA fragment isolated from a cosmid library of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum strain MS-1 complements the aromatic-metabolite requirements and iron-uptake deficiencies of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains that lack a functional aroD (biosynthetic dehydrodquinase) sequence. All recombinant cosmids selected for their aroD complementation property carry this sequence. No DNA sequence homology has, however, been detected by Southern hybridization between the cloned fragment and the aroD gene of E. coli or the qa2 (catabolic dehydroquinase) gene of Neurospora crassa.
HIV Quasispecies and Resampling (1996)

Letters from: 

[ Shan-Lu Liu, et al . ][1] 

[ Barton F. Haynes, et al . ][1] 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behaves as an evolving quasispecies in infected individuals. When the populations of genetic variants that make up this quasispecies are characterized, it is common practice to obtain