gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Modulation of suppressor activity by thymosin]. (1981)

Modulation of suppressor cell activity by thymosin was evaluated in vivo in a murine tumor system, and in vitro on human lymphocytes. We showed that splenocytes from tumor bearing mice were able to enhance tumor growth in a syngeneic system. This enhancement was T dependent and disappeared by Thymosin treatment. A decrease of Tumor size associated with injection of bone marrow cells treated by thymosin was observed. In the human system we showed that ConA stimulated lymphocytes were able to suppress the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA, PWM and ConA, and in MLC. This effect was significantly blocked in presence of thymosin fraction 5.
Vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2 (vmat2) expression as it compares to insulin and pancreatic polypeptide in the head, body and tail of the human pancreas (2012)

The vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2 (VMAT2) is responsible for sequestering monoamine neurotransmitters into exocytic vesicles in neurons, enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach and cells arising from the common myeloid progenitor. VMAT2 is also present in the pancreas and is expressed by insulin producing β cells, but not by glucagon or somatostatin expressing islet cells. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting of VMAT2 is currently being evaluated as a non-invasive tool to measure β cell mass (BCM) in living humans. In recent trials, PET measurements of VMAT2 in the pancreas overestimated BCM in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients predicted to have little to no BCM by metabolic measures. Recently, tissue immunohistochemistry studies suggested that VMAT2 staining may also co-localize with pancreatic polypeptide (PP) staining cells in pancreas tissue, but these studies were not quantitative. In this report, we evaluated VMAT2 specificity for β cells in sub-regions of the human pancreas using antibodies targeting VMAT2, insulin and PP by double-label immunofluorescence. Immunostaining for VMAT2 and insulin demonstrated 89 ± 8% overlap in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, 44 ± 12% and 53 ± 15% of VMAT2 cells co-stained with PP- and insulin-staining cells, respectively in the pancreatic head. Significant co-staining for VMAT2 and PP cells in the head of the pancreas may partly explain the apparent overestimation of BCM in T1D by PET. Specific targeting of the pancreatic body and tail using VMAT2 PET scanning may reflect BCM more accurately.
Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service Registration for H.323 (2004)

The H.323 specification defines a means for building multimedia communication services over an arbitrary Packet Based Network, including the Internet. This document registers a Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) service for H.323 according to specifications and guidelines in RFC 3761.
An Experimental Comparison of Genetic Programming and Inductive LogicProgramming on Learning Recursive List Functions (1998)

This paper experimentally compares three approaches to program induction: inductive logic programming (ILP), genetic programming (GP), and genetic logic programming (GLP) (a variant of GP for inducing Prolog programs). Each of these methods was used to induce four simple, recursive, list-manipulation functions. The results indicate that ILP is the most likely to induce a correct program from small sets of random examples, while GP is generally less accurate. GLP performs the worst, and is rarely able to induce a correct program. Interpretations of these results in terms of differences in search methods and inductive biases are presented.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Wall-Climbing Robot Mechanism (2011)

A novel wall-climbing robot mechanism designed for anti-hijacking task is presented. This mechanism consists of a negative pressure adhesion module, a vacuum suction module and a planetary-gear train. The design of biped-wheel hybrid locomotion mechanism, with the advantages of wheeled robots and legged robots, allows the robot to move fast and cross over obstacles easily. This design qualifies the robot for the motion of moving straight, turning in plane and crossing between inclined surfaces. Then the kinematics equations are derived and the locomotion modes are analyzed. Many experiments have been implemented and the results prove that the robot has such characteristics as rapid speed, excellent transition ability between inclined surfaces and curved surface adaptability. Therefore, this novel wall-climbing mechanism could be used for the application of inspection, surveillance and reconnaissance.
Expression of Smad Protein by Normal Skin Fibroblasts and Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts in Response to Transforming Growth Factor β1 (2008)

BACKGROUND Smad proteins are important intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. Little has been known about the specific relationship between TGF-β and TGF-β/Smad signaling in hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the expression of Smads and the specific relationship between TGF-β and TGF-β/Smad signaling in hypertrophic scars. METHODS In this study, we initially determined the endogenous protein levels of Smad2 and Smad7 in hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSFs) and normal skin fibroblast (NSFs). Second, we stimulated HSFs and NSFs with recombinant human TGF-β1 for 24 hours to determine whether the TGF-β1 could potentiate its effect by further stimulating the production of Smad by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. RESULTS When compared with NSFs, the endogenous expression of Smad2 in HSFs was up-regulated and TGF-β1 could further stimulate the production of Smad2. Although the levels of Smad7 were similar between HSFs and NSFs, TGF-β1 up-regulated the expression of Smad7 for NSFs only, with no discernible effect on HSFs. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation of Smad2. CONCLUSION These data substantiated the model of an autocrine positive loop in hypertrophic scars pathogenesis.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of thermophilic cellulase from<i>Fervidobacterium nodosum</i>Rt17-B1 (2009)

FnCel5A, a thermostable endoglucanase, is a member of glycohydrolase family 5 which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose in the thermophilic bacterium Fervidobacterium nodosum Rt17-B1. FnCel5A is particularly interesting because of its high thermostability (T(opt) = 353 K, half-life 48 h) and its high specific activity towards carboxymethylcellulose. These properties make FnCel5A an attractive target for protein engineering to improve cellulase activity. In order to resolve the crystal structure of FnCel5A and to gain a better understanding of its biological function, recombinant FnCel5A was expressed, purified and crystallized at 291 K using NaH(2)PO(4)/KH(2)PO(4) as a precipitant. A 2.4 A resolution native data set was collected from a single flash-cooled crystal (100 K) using 20%(v/v) glycerol as a cryoprotectant. These crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 53.5, b = 81.7, c = 85.2 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees . One molecule is assumed to be present per asymmetric unit, which gives a Matthews coefficient of 2.5 A(3) Da(-1). A data set was also collected to 1.7 A resolution from a selenomethionyl derivative; it belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with the same unit-cell parameters as the native crystals.
Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping (1998)

It has been hypothesized that hyperthermia promotes oxygen-centered free radical formation in cells; however, to date there is no direct evidence of this heat-induced increase in oxygen free radical flux. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping, we sought direct evidence for free radical generation during hyperthermia in intact, functioning cells. Rat intestinal epithelial cell monolayers were exposed to 45 degrees C for 20 min, after which the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was added. Compared to control cells at 37 degrees C, heat-exposed cells had increased free radical EPR signals, consistent with the formation of DMPO/.OH (aN = aH = 14.9 G). These findings indicate that heat increases the flux of cellular free radicals and support the hypothesis that increased generation of oxygen-centered free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress may mediate in part, heat-induced cellular damage.
Visualization of Eye Tracking Data: A Taxonomy and Survey (2017)

Abstract This survey provides an introduction into eye tracking visualization with an overview of existing techniques. Eye tracking is important for evaluating user behaviour. Analysing eye tracking data is typically done quantitatively, applying statistical methods. However, in recent years, researchers have been increasingly using qualitative and exploratory analysis methods based on visualization techniques. For this state‐of‐the‐art report, we investigated about 110 research papers presenting visualization techniques for eye tracking data. We classified these visualization techniques and identified two main categories: point‐based methods and methods based on areas of interest. Additionally, we conducted an expert review asking leading eye tracking experts how they apply visualization techniques in their analysis of eye tracking data. Based on the experts' feedback, we identified challenges that have to be tackled in the future so that visualizations will become even more widely applied in eye tracking research.
The anti-beta2-glycoprotein I activity in human anti-phospholipid syndrome sera is due to monoreactive low-affinity autoantibodies directed to epitopes located on native β2-glycoprotein I and preserved during species' evolution (1996)

To characterize the reactivity pattern of Abs directed to beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome, we have purified anti-beta2GPI Abs by affinity chromatography using the IgG fractions from sera of five different anti-phospholipid syndrome patients. Affinity-purified anti-beta2GPI were shown to be representative of Abs found in human sera because their activity could be virtually abolished from the IgG preparations after repeated absorptions on immobilized human beta2GPI column. Our results show that affinity-purified anti-beta2GPI: 1) do react with beta2GPI in the absence of any phospholipid, as demonstrated by the lack of phosphorus contaminant in the employed reagents, as well as by their comparable binding activity before and after extensive delipidation procedure; 2) can recognize beta2GPI regardless of its origin from different animal species; 3) are able to bind soluble beta2GPI with a mean Kd value of 4.65 x 10(-6) M (range 3, 4-7, 2 x 10(-6) M); 4) significantly enhance their binding avidity when beta2GPI is linked to a solid support; and 5) appear to be mainly monoreactive autoantibodies. In conclusion, we have shown that human polyclonal anti-beta2GPI are low affinity, mainly monoreactive autoantibodies directed to an epitope located on native beta2GPI, preserved along the species evolution.
Observation of crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1994)

We present strong experimental evidence suggesting that we have synthesized the \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ phase. This is a material predicted by theory to have bulk moduli comparable to diamond. Thin films containing small crystals were deposited on Si and Ge wafers by rf diode sputtering of a pure graphite target with pure ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. The crystal structure of these phases was investigated using x-ray and electron-beam diffractometry as well as transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ particles with typical dimensions of \ensuremath{\sim}0.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m are embedded in a 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick layer of a C-N polymer. These particles are believed to crystallize preferentially on Si (100) wafers.
Crowd sourced co-design of floor plans using simulation guided games (2017)

Crowd-aware environment design is a complex combinatorial decision process, where small changes in a design may affect crowd flow patterns in unexpected and potentially unintuitive ways. Existing solutions rely on expert intuition, best practices, or automation. To address the dimensionality and complexity of the design process, we propose leveraging automation and human creativity at a large scale akin to crowd sourcing, within a gamified collaborative design framework. Using our system, "players" (novice users or experts) can rapidly iterate on their designs while soliciting feedback from computer simulations of crowd movement and the designs of other players. Our approach affords a new way of thinking of the solution space in that it inherently supports competitive collaboration, co-design, and crowd sourced solutions. We evaluate our framework through a preliminary user study.
Setting Up Experimental Bell Tests with Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Finding optical setups producing measurement results with a targeted probability distribution is hard, as a priori the number of possible experimental implementations grows exponentially with the number of modes and the number of devices. To tackle this complexity, we introduce a method combining reinforcement learning and simulated annealing enabling the automated design of optical experiments producing results with the desired probability distributions. We illustrate the relevance of our method by applying it to a probability distribution favouring high violations of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. As a result, we propose new unintuitive experiments leading to higher Bell-CHSH inequality violations than the best currently known setups. Our method might positively impact the usefulness of photonic experiments for device-independent quantum information processing.
<i>Ex situ</i> doping of silicon nanowires with boron (2008)

An ex situ proximity technique is demonstrated for the electrical doping of silicon nanowires with spin on dopant (SOD) used as the boron source. The technique is based on solid-state diffusion and is comprised of two stages: predeposition and drive in. During predeposition, a predetermined amount of boron is introduced into the near surface region of the nanowires by holding the SOD source in close proximity to the nanowires. The boron concentration in the nanowires is controlled by the appropriate selection of predeposition temperature and time, with 800 and 950 °C and 5–10 min used in the present studies. The boron is then diffused further into the nanowires during the drive-in stage. The doped nanowires were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and four-probe electrical transport measurements. The high temperatures employed in this doping process do not result in any observable damage to these 120–180 nm diameter nanowires and good control over the dopant concentration in the range from 1018 to 1020 cm−3 is obtained. This ex situ doping technique provides a useful alternative to the methods currently available for electrical doping of nanowires, which are predominantly in situ techniques.
Targeting of Nuclear Factor-&#954;B and Proteasome by Dithiocarbamate Complexes with Metals (2007)

Dithiocarbamates and their complexes with transition metals have been used as common pesticides, vulcanizing or analytical agents for decades. These compounds are one of the most reported inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling cascade. Recently, it has been found that dithiocarbamates are very potent inhibitors of proteasome. NF-kappaB plays a central role in the immune system and is described as a major actor in many of human cancers mainly because of its protective effects against apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms involved in regulation and function of NF-kappaB pathway have been elucidated recently. In particular, pivotal zinc containing proteins that alter NF-kappaB signal transduction were recognized. Additionally, proteasome system was found to be a key player in NF-kappaB pathway and is an attractive target for anticancer drug development. Collectively, the capability of dithiocarbamates to inhibit NF-kappaB and proteasome makes these compounds promising anticancer agents. This review focuses on the biological activity of dithiocarbamate coordination compounds with regard to their possible molecular targets in NF-kappaB signaling and proteasome (JAMM domain proteins). Future research should aim to find the most suitable dithiocarbamate coordination compounds for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Two-Photon Photosensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen:  Sensitizers with Phenylene−Ethynylene-Based Chromophores (2005)

[reaction: see text] Singlet molecular oxygen (a(1)Delta(g)) has been produced and optically monitored in time-resolved experiments upon nonlinear two-photon excitation of photosensitizers that contain triple bonds as an integral part of the chromophore. Both experiments and ab initio computations indicate that the photophysical properties of alkyne-containing sensitizers are similar to those in the alkene-containing analogues. Most importantly, however, in comparison to the analogue that contains double bonds, the sensitizer containing alkyne moieties is more stable against singlet-oxygen-mediated photooxygenation reactions. This increased stability can be advantageous, particularly with respect to two-photon singlet oxygen imaging experiments in which data are collected over comparatively long time periods.
A Versatile Endoribonuclease Mimic Made of DNA: Characteristics and Applications of the 8–17 RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme (2010)

Enzymes play a crucial role in all living organisms by accelerating the rates of a myriad of biochemical reactions that are necessary to sustain life. Although the vast majority of known enzymes are made of protein, in recent years it has become increasingly apparent that other molecular formats, like nucleic acids, can also serve in this capacity. DNAzymes (also known as deoxyribozymes) are synthetic enzymes made of short, single strands of deoxyribonucleic acid. These DNA-based enzymes offer the prospect of significant commercial utility, because they are exceptionally stable and can be produced very easily and inexpensively. The study of one particular DNAzyme, known as "8-17", has enhanced our understanding of DNAzyme-mediated catalysis. Moreover, the function of 8-17 has been regarded with special importance because it can catalyze sequence-specific cleavage of RNA, a reaction that has broad implications in biotechnology and biomedical fields. In this review, we explore the creation, characterization, and application of the 8-17 RNA-cleaving DNAzyme.
Oncolytic viruses: finally delivering (2016)

Oncolytic viruses can be found at the confluence of virology, genetic engineering and pharmacology where versatile platforms for molecularly targeted anticancer agents can be designed and optimised. Oncolytic viruses offer several important advantages over traditional approaches, including the following. (1) Amplification of the active agent (infectious virus particles) within the tumour. This avoids unnecessary exposure to normal tissues experienced during delivery of traditional stoichiometric chemotherapy and maximises the therapeutic index. (2) The active cell-killing mechanisms, often independent of programmed death mechanisms, should decrease the emergence of acquired drug resistance. (3) Lytic death of cancer cells provides a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and the potential for induction of an anticancer vaccine response. (4) Tumour-selective expression and secretion of encoded anticancer biologics, providing a new realm of potent and cost-effective-targeted therapeutics.
Sphingan Group of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) (2002)

Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structures Structural Variations Analytical Methods Occurrence Physiology Properties Biosynthesis Synthesis of Sugar‐nucleotide Substrates Assembly of the Repeat Unit, Polymerization and Secretion Genetics Regulation Use of Classical Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technologies to Modify Production Biodegradation Production Fermentation Recovery and Purification Producers World Market Applications Outlook and Perspectives Patents
Motion detection with false discovery rate control (2008)

Visual surveillance applications such as object identification, object tracking, and anomaly detection require reliable motion detection as an initial processing step. Such a detection is often accomplished by means of background subtraction which can be as simple as thresholding of intensity difference between movement-free background and current frame. However, more effective background subtraction methods employ probabilistic modeling of the background followed by probability thresholding. In this case, the balance between false positives and false negatives (misses) is controlled by a threshold that needs to be adjusted heuristically depending on object sparsity. In this paper, we propose a different detection method that is based on false discovery rate control, a multiple-comparison procedure that applies thresholding in significance-score rather than probability space. The proposed approach allows explicit control of false positives and automatically adapts to object sparsity. The new method offers a qualitative improvement in real scenarios as well as a measurable performance gain over non-adaptive techniques when tested on synthetic sequences.
Engine start control strategy research for parallel - series hybrid electrical vehicles (2010)

Engine start process is especially very vital to hybrid electric vehicles, because vehicles fuel consumptions can be arrived through engine frequent start and stop events. On the other hand, if the process can't be controlled smoothly and fast, it would cause large vibration of vehicles which will largely deteriorate a driver's ride comfort. As a result of it, a control strategy for engine start has been constructed using Matlab software based on the analysis of some type of parallel-series hybrid electric vehicles(PSHEV) transmission configuration, then a co-simulation combining Matlab and Cruise has been done based on the control strategy provided above. Simulation results show that it can realize smooth transition of engine start, decrease gear lash caused by the process of engine start, and at the mean time engine could be controlled in the vicinity of the least fuel consumption line of engine to improve fuel economy.
The potential for strain-balanced quantum well solar cells in terrestrial concentrator applications (2003)

Presently, monolithic tandem cells based on the Ga/sub 0.5/InP/GaAs material system are current limited by the lower GaAs junction. The effect of incorporating strain-balanced multi-quantum wells (MQW) into the lower junction is investigated, and efficiency enhancements under a range of spectra (AM1d to AM2.5d) are predicted. Although the open circuit voltage of an MQW cell may not be comparable to that of a GaAs cell, the additional current gain from improved current matching offsets the reduction in voltage, leading to an overall efficiency improvement in a tandem. Efficiency improvements of up to 4% absolute may be possible under AM1.5d 800x. MQW tandem cells will also benefit from light trapping schemes and active Ge substrates.