gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of regulatory T cells by the immunomodulating cytokines alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and transforming growth factor-beta2. (2002)

Recently, we have reported that the cytokines alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) work in synergy to induce the activation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. When we used alpha-MSH and TGF-beta2 to generate ocular autoantigen-specific Treg cells and adoptively transferred them into mice susceptible to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), there was suppression in the incidence and severity of EAU. Specificity to a retinal autoantigen was required for the Treg cells to suppress EAU. When stimulated, these Treg cells produced TGF-beta1, and their production of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4 was suppressed. Also, the Treg cells are suppressed in their proliferative response. Our results demonstrate that alpha-MSH with TGF-beta2 induce Treg cells that can subdue a tissue-specific autoimmune response. This also promotes the possibility of using these immunomodulating cytokines to purposely induce antigen-specific Treg cells to prevent and suppress autoimmune disease.
Optimization of Cellular Activity of G9a Inhibitors 7-Aminoalkoxy-quinazolines (2020)

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a plays key roles in the transcriptional repression of a variety of genes via dimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) of chromatin as well as dimethylation of non-histone proteins including tumor suppressor p53. We previously reported the discovery of UNC0321 (3), the most potent G9a inhibitor to date, via structure-based design and structure activity relationship (SAR) exploration of the quinazoline scaffold represented by BIX01294 (1). Despite its very high in vitro potency, compound 3 lacks sufficient cellular potency. The design and synthesis of several generations of new analogs aimed at improving cell membrane permeability while maintaining high in vitro potency resulted in the discovery of a number of novel G9a inhibitors such as UNC0646 (6) and UNC0631 (7) with excellent potency in a variety of cell lines and excellent separation of functional potency versus cell toxicity. The design, synthesis and cellular SAR of these potent G9a inhibitors are described.
The molecular basis of phenylketonuria in Latvia (2003)

Characterization of the molecular basis of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Latvia has been accomplished through the analysis of 96 unrelated chromosomes from 50 Latvian PKU patients. Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene mutations have been analyzed through a combined approach in which R158Q, R252W, R261Q, G272X, IVS10-11G>A and R408W mutations were first screened for by PCR or restriction generating PCR amplification of PAH gene exons 5, 7, 11 and 12 followed by digestion with the appropriate diagnostic enzyme. Subsequently 'broad range' denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the 13 PAH gene exons has been used to study uncharacterized PKU chromosomes. A mutation detection rate of 98% was achieved. 12 different mutations were found, with the most frequent mutation, R408W, accounting for 76% of Latvian PKU alleles. Six mutations (R408W, E280K, R158Q, A104D, R261Q and P281L) represent 92% of PKU chromosomes. PAH VNTR and STR alleles have been also identified and minihaplotype associations with PKU mutations were also determined.
The synthesis and transformations of 3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐isothiocyanatopyridine. Pyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and some azolopyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1990)

Abstract 3‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐isothiocyanatopyridine ( 2 ), prepared from 2‐amino‐3‐ethoxycarbonylpyridine ( 1 ) by the thiophosgene method, was converted into thiouretanes 3 and 4 , 1,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazide 6 , thioamide 8 , and thioureas 15 and 18 . The compounds 2 and 3 were converted into bicyclic pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 , and 17 , and tricyclic azolopyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines 13 and 14 .
14-3-3 Proteins and photoneuroendocrine transduction: role in controlling the daily rhythm in melatonin (2002)

This paper describes the role 14-3-3 proteins play in vertebrate photoneuroendocrine transduction. 14-3-3 proteins form a complex with arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), the enzyme which turns melatonin production on during the day and off at night. Complex formation is triggered at night by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the enzyme, and results in activation and protection against proteolysis. This enhances melatonin production >10-fold. Light exposure results in dephosphorylation of the enzyme and disassociation from 14-3-3, leading to destruction and a rapid drop in melatonin production and release and circulating levels.
AdaBoost Learning for Detecting and Reading Text in City Scenes (2004)

This paper gives an algorithm for detecting and reading text in natural images. The algorithm is intended for use by blind and visually impaired subjects walking through city scenes. We first obtain a dataset of city images taken by blind and normally sighted subjects. From this dataset, we manually label and extract the text regions. Next we perform statistical analysis of the text regions to determine which image features are reliable indicators of text and have low entropy (i.e. feature response is similar for all text images). We obtain weak classifiers by using joint probabilities for feature responses on and off text. These weak classifiers are used as input to an AdaBoost machine learning algorithm to train a strong classifier. In practice, we trained a cascade with 4 strong classifiers containg 79 features. An adaptive binarization and extension algorithm is applied to those regions selected by the cascade classifier. An commercial OCR software is used to read the text or reject it as a non-text region. The overall algorithm has a success rate of over 90% (evaluated by complete detection and reading of the text) on the test set and the unread text is typically small and distant from the viewer.
Immunogenicity of dinitrocarboxyphenylated melittin: The influence of C‐terminal chain shortening, N‐terminal substitution and prolin insertion at positions 5 and 10 (1995)

Peptides derived from the bee-venom melittin were fitted with the haptenic group dinitrocarboxyphenyl (Dncp) and tested in out-bred guinea pigs for immunogenicity by measuring the IgG anti-Dncp antibody response by ELISA. Dncp-conjugates comprising virtually the entire melittin proved to be strong immunogens producing antibody responses comparable to those of proteins. Weak responses were obtained with considerably shortened sequences. Conjugates with N-terminal Dncp gave markedly reduced antibody responses compared to peptides with C-terminal Dncp. An N-terminal biotinyl substituent abolished the immune response whereas N-terminal lauryl and caprylyl had little effect. Insertion of L-proline into a hexadecapeptide conjugate abolishing the possibility of helix formation gave an immunogen to which individual animals clearly responded on a low level. Oligomerisation, but not the cytolytic activity of melittin peptides, may contribute to the immunogenicities observed.
A two-level directory architecture for highly scalable cc-NUMA multiprocessors (2004)

One important issue the designer of a scalable shared-memory multiprocessor must deal with is the amount of extra memory required to store the directory information. It is desirable that the directory memory overhead be kept as low as possible, and that it scales very slowly with the size of the machine. Unfortunately, current directory architectures provide scalability at the expense of performance. This work presents a scalable directory architecture that significantly reduces the size of the directory for large-scale configurations of a multiprocessor without degrading performance. First, we propose multilayer clustering as an effective approach to reduce the width of directory entries. Based on this concept, we derive three new compressed sharing codes, some of them with a space complexity of O(log/sub 2/(log/sub 2/(N))) for an N-node system. Then, we present a novel two-level directory architecture to eliminate the penalty caused by compressed directories in general. The proposed organization consists of a small full-map first-level directory (which provides precise information for the most recently referenced lines) and a compressed second-level directory (which provides in-excess information for all the lines). The proposals are evaluated based on extensive execution-driven simulations (using RSIM) of a 64-node cc-NUMA multiprocessor. Results demonstrate that a system with a two-level directory architecture achieves the same performance as a multiprocessor with a big and nonscalable full-map directory, with a very significant reduction of the memory overhead.
Abstract 11372: Value of Percent Coronary Stenosis to Predict Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) in Patients with Intermediate Coronary Lesions: Insights From A Large French Multicenter Registry (2011)

Coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) and other fecal steroids were used as markers to trace the input of sewage to the shelf along the coast of Sergipe and Alagoas States, in NE Brazil. Surface sediment samples in shallow regions (<50 m depth) on the shelf were collected adjacent to four fluvial systems, whose drainage basins exhibit distinct levels of human influence. Highest coprostanol concentrations were observed in the area under influence of the Sergipe River (58.6 ± 74.6 ng g(-)(1); maximum of 184.1 ng g(-)(1)), whereas in the Vaza-Barris (18.9 ± 23.6 ng g(-)(1)) and the Piaui/Real (12.3 ± 6.7 ng g(-)(1)) rivers the levels of coprostanol were near the method's limit of detection. Nearby the São Francisco River, the largest in the NE Brazil, coprostanol was virtually absent. The findings of the present study, supported by coprostanol-based diagnostic ratios, revealed that, when sanitation is lacking in the coastal region, even a small-sized river like the Sergipe River can effectively contribute to the export of sewage-derived organic matter to the inner continental shelf in the studied region.
A MICROSCOPIC BTOASSAY FOR MELATONIN<sup>1</sup> (1960)

A microscopic bioassay procedure for the determination of melatonin is described, and factors influencing the test are discussed. The techniques employed can be used to assay for other agents which produce lightening of frog skin as well as for compounds that cause darkening.
Membership List, November 1975 (1976)

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Present General Status of Understanding of Heteropoly Electrolytes and a Tracing of Some Major Highlights in the History of Their Elucidation (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPresent General Status of Understanding of Heteropoly Electrolytes and a Tracing of Some Major Highlights in the History of Their ElucidationLouis C. W. Baker and Diana C. GlickView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1, 3–50Publication Date (Web):January 21, 1998Publication History Received12 October 1997Revised12 November 1997Published online21 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960392lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960392lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4496Altmetric-Citations374LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical structure,Crystal structure,Salts,X-rays Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic Evaluation of the Effect of Biotin on Hyperglycemia in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. (1993)

The therapeutic efficacy of biotin was evaluated in 43 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The serum biotin concentration in the patients was significantly lower than that in the 64 healthy control subjects and inversely correlated with the fasting blood glucose level. The oral administration of biotin, 9mg daily, corrected the hyperglycemia in the patients with no change in their serum insulin level. The serum levels of pyruvate and lactate decreased to their normal ranges after the administration. These observations suggest that the biotin administration ameliorates abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetic patients, presumably by enhancing the activity of the biotin-dependent enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase, with a subsequent promotion of glucose utilization for the entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The administration also enhanced the response to glibenclamide in patients who had been resistant to the agent, suggesting a significant increase in the potency of the endogenous insulin action. The result demonstrates that biotin administration is effective for the treatment of the patients. Neither a relapse of clinical symptoms nor an occurrence of undesirable side effects has been observed.
Phenytoin prevents stress‐ and corticosterone‐induced atrophy of CA3 pyramidal neurons (1992)

Repeated daily restraint stress and daily corticosterone administration to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats leads to decreases in the number of branch points and length of dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal formation. This decrease is prevented by daily administration of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin (Dilantin), which is known to interfere with excitatory amino acid release and actions. Phenytoin had no obvious effect on behavior during and after stress and failed to prevent stress-induced reduction of body weight gain and stress-induced increases of adrenal weight relative to body weight; it also failed to attenuate glucocorticoid-induced diminution of the size of the thymus gland, indicating that it does not directly antagonize glucocorticoid actions. Stress- and corticosterone-induced effects on dendritic length and branch point number are more pronounced on the apical, as opposed to the basal, CA3 dendrites that receive the largest mossy fiber input from the dentate gyrus. Because phenytoin is also known to prevent ischemic damage, these results are consistent with a model in which stress- and corticosterone-induced CA3 dendritic atrophy is produced by excitatory amino acids released from the mossy fibers.
A and B forms of the androgen receptor are present inhuman genital skin fibroblasts. (1994)

Two forms of the androgen receptor (AR) protein (apparent molecular masses, approximately 110 kDa and approximately 87 kDa) are present in human genital skin fibroblasts. The 87-kDa isoform (AR-A) contains an intact C terminus but lacks the normal N terminus found in the 110-kDa isoform (AR-B). AR-A is the same size as the mutant form of AR produced in fibroblasts from an androgen-resistant individual (R776) by initiation of AR synthesis at the internal Met-188 residue of AR-B. The ratio of AR-B to AR-A in fibroblasts derived from normal individuals is approximately 10:1. The AR isoforms detected in these experiments resemble the A and B forms of the human progesterone receptor, which also are encoded by a single gene and differ by the absence or presence of an N-terminal segment. The A and B forms of the human progesterone receptor differ in their ability to activate target genes and are regulated differently in various types of cells. The identification of similar forms of human AR raises the possibility that AR-A and AR-B also subserve different functions.
Surface Plasmonic Fields in Nanophotonics (2006)

This article explores the ultrafast electrodynamics of surface plasmon-polariton fields on nanostructured metal-dielectric boundaries, and describes how to make a sensor to measure chemical reactions at a surface by generating spatially resolved, reaction-dependent, spatial and spectral frequency information.
니코티노일 우레아의 합성 및 그의 농약활성에 관한 연구 (2005)

살충제로서 키틴 합성을 저해함으로써 탈피를 방해하여 박멸하는 기작을 갖는 니코티노일 우레아 유도체는 니코티노일 이소시아네이트를 아민 유도체와 희석제 또는 용매 존재하에서 반응 시켜 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있다. 이렇게 얻어진 니코티노일 우레아 유도체를 배추좀나방, 담배거세미나방 등의 해충을 대상으로 살충활성과 밀 붉은녹병 등을 대상으로 살균활성을 시험한 결과 니코티노일 부분에 염소로 선택된 할로겐 원자와 페닐 부분에 아미드기(16, 19), 니트로기와 2개의 브롬(24), 할로겐화 원소 중 플루오르와 브롬(30), 요오드(31)가 치환된 유도체가 여러 해충에 대하여 복합적으로 우수한 방제효과를 나타내어 새로운 농약으로의 전구체로 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.
Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer (2003)

Although risk factors are known to include the loss of function of the susceptibility genes BRCA1/BRCA2 and lifetime exposure to oestrogen, the main causative agents in breast cancer remain unaccounted for. It has been suggested recently that underarm cosmetics might be a cause of breast cancer, because these cosmetics contain a variety of chemicals that are applied frequently to an area directly adjacent to the breast. The strongest supporting evidence comes from unexplained clinical observations showing a disproportionately high incidence of breast cancer in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, just the local area to which these cosmetics are applied. A biological basis for breast carcinogenesis could result from the ability of the various constituent chemicals to bind to DNA and to promote growth of the damaged cells. Multidisciplinary research is now needed to study the effect of long-term use of the constituent chemicals of underarm cosmetics, because if there proves to be any link between these cosmetics and breast cancer then there might be options for the prevention of breast cancer.
Biologically inspired tactile classification of object-hand and object-world interactions (2012)

During manipulation, a grasped object may slip relative to either the hand or the environment, with quite different consequences. In humans these events excite the mechanoreceptors differently, which allows them to be identified and reacted to accordingly. This paper presents a tactile sensor suite that can produce an array of signals over a wide range of frequencies and investigates combinations of sensors and frequency ranges that make it possible to distinguish object/hand slippage from object/world slippage for a variety of textures and conditions. The approach is demonstrated in controlled experiments, producing both types of slip.
Genetic Regulation of Octane Dissimilation Plasmid in <i>Pseudomonas</i> (1973)

The enzymes responsible for the oxidation of n-octane to octanoic acid or beyond in Pseudomonas oleovorans are octane inducible and are coded by genes borne on a transmissible extrachromosomal element. The octane to octanoate enzymes induced by octane are repressed by octanol. The chromosome also carries genes coding octanol oxidation enzymes that, in contrast, are induced by octanol, not by octane. The octane plasmid has been transferred from P. oleovorans to several other fluorescent Pseudomonas species. In exconjugants, the presence of both octane and camphor plasmids enhances their segregation rate.
SCORE: A computational approach to the identification of cis-regulatory modules and target genes in whole-genome sequence data (2002)

A large fraction of the information content of metazoan genomes resides in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional cis-regulatory elements that collectively provide the blueprint for using the protein-coding capacity of the DNA, thus guiding the development and physiology of the entire organism. As successive whole-genome sequencing projects--including those of mice and humans--are completed, we have full access to the regulatory genome of yet another species. But our ability to decipher the cis-regulatory code, and hence to link genes into regulatory networks on a global scale, is currently very limited. Here we describe SCORE (Site Clustering Over Random Expectation), a computational method for identifying transcriptional cis-regulatory modules based on the fact that they often contain, in statistically improbable concentrations, multiple binding sites for the same transcription factor. We have carried out a Drosophila genomewide inventory of predicted binding sites for the Notch-regulated transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] and found that the fly genome contains highly nonrandom clusterings of Su(H) sites over a broad range of sequence intervals. We found that the most statistically significant clusters are very heavily enriched in both known and logical targets of Su(H) binding and regulation. The utility of the SCORE approach was validated by in vivo experiments showing that proper expression of the novel gene Him in adult muscle precursor cells depends both on Su(H) gene activity and sequences that include a previously unstudied cluster of four Su(H) sites, indicating that Him is a likely direct target of Su(H).
Synthesis and characterization of temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels based on poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and poly(<scp>D,L</scp>‐lactide) (2002)

Abstract A novel series of temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels based on poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and three‐arm poly( D,L ‐lactide) were synthesized via photocopolymerization. For the creation of polymeric networks, two types of macromers terminated with methacrylate groups were prepared: poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) dimethacrylate and three‐arm poly( D,L ‐lactide) trimethacrylate. The chemical structures were analyzed with 1 H NMR and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The thermal behaviors, morphologies, and swelling properties were measured for the characterization of the polymeric networks. All the poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)/three‐arm poly( D,L ‐lactide)hydrogels provided high water retention capacity and exhibited reversible swelling–shrinking behavior in response to temperature and pH variations. The hydrogels with higher poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) dimethacrylate contents were more effective in raising the swelling ratio and temperature and pH sensitivity. However, higher contents of three‐arm poly( D,L ‐lactide) trimethacrylate produced larger particles and pore sizes in the hydrogels. This study effectively proves that this unique combination of water swellability and biodegradability provides hydrogels with a much wider range of applications in biomedical fields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1112–1121, 2002
Real versus complex-valued equalisation in V-BLAST systems (2003)

The popular V-BLAST algorithm used for detection in MIMO transmission systems is considered. Instead of using the usual complex-valued formulation the V-BLAST algorithm is applied to an equivalent real-valued transmission model. It is shown that this leads to some additional freedom in selecting the optimum detection ordering, and in turn to a non-negligible gain in error rate.
Software Defined Radio (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Software Defined Radio Architecture Digital Signal Processor and SDR Baseband Architecture Reconfigurable Wireless Communication Systems Digital Radio Processing References