gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Robust and Multilingual Speech Representations (2020)

Unsupervised speech representation learning has shown remarkable success at finding representations that correlate with phonetic structures and improve downstream speech recognition performance. However, most research has been focused on evaluating the representations in terms of their ability to improve the performance of speech recognition systems on read English (e.g. Wall Street Journal and LibriSpeech). This evaluation methodology overlooks two important desiderata that speech representations should have: robustness to domain shifts and transferability to other languages. In this paper we learn representations from up to 8000 hours of diverse and noisy speech data and evaluate the representations by looking at their robustness to domain shifts and their ability to improve recognition performance in many languages. We find that our representations confer significant robustness advantages to the resulting recognition systems: we see significant improvements in out-of-domain transfer relative to baseline feature sets and the features likewise provide improvements in 25 phonetically diverse languages including tonal languages and low-resource languages.
Size, velocity, and concentration in suspension measurements of spherical droplets and cylindrical jets (1999)

The principle of an optical technique for simultaneous velocity, size, and concentration in suspension measurements of spherical droplets and cylindrical jets is proposed. This technique is based on phase Doppler anemometry working in the dual burst technique configuration. The particle size and velocity are deduced from the reflected signal phase and frequency, whereas the amplitude ratio between the refracted and the reflected signals is used for measuring the concentration of small scatterers inside the particles. Numerical simulations, based on geometrical optics and a Monte Carlo model, and an experimental validation test on cylindrical jets made of various suspensions, are used to validate the principle of the proposed technique. It is believed that this new technique could be useful in investigating processes in which liquid suspensions are sprayed for surface coating, drying, or combustion applications.
Perturbation effect of a rotating solar polytropic model on the planetary orbital elements (the third method) (2005)

In this paper the author examines continuously the perturbation effect of a rotating solar polytropic model on the planetary orbital elements by the third method of the perturbation and the polytropic model of a gaseous star based on a previous paper. The perturbation of the planetary orbital elements caused by the rotation, oblateness and central density of tlie Sun for the polytropic index n = 3 are obtained. The result shows clearly that there are periodic perturbation effects on all of the orbital elements and that there are secular perturbations on the longitudes of perihelion, ascending node and mean anomaly of epoch. Finally, tlie author applies the theoretical results to calculate the perturbation effects of the orbital elements of four planets. The numerical results are given in tables. The results are discussed in the conclusion.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers flip-chip bonded to gigabit-per-second CMOS circuits (1999)

We describe the first integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays with gigabit-per-second CMOS circuits via flip-chip bonding.
Brunsvicamides A−C:  Sponge-Related Cyanobacterial Peptides with <i>Mycobacterium </i><i>tuberculosis</i> Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitory Activity (2006)

The cyanobacterium Tychonema sp. produces the new cyclic hexapeptides brunsvicamide A-C (1-3). Brunsvicamide B (2) and C (3) selectively inhibit the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB), a potential drug target for tuberculosis therapy for which no inhibitors are known to date. Brunsvicamide C contains an N-methylated N'-formylkynurenine moiety, a unique structural motif in cyclic peptides. The new peptides are related to the sponge-derived mozamides, supporting the suggestion that secondary metabolites of certain marine invertebrates are produced by associated microorganisms. Thus, microorganisms phylogenetically related to symbionts of marine invertebrates can be judged as a means to supply "marine-like" compounds for drug development.
Stability Analysis of Solid Axle, Torque Arm Suspension Vehicles under Heavy Acceleration and Braking Events (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Power-hop is a self-excited and potential locally unstable torsional vibration of a vehicle's driveline, caused by stick and slip of the tire. It is especially prevalent in high-powered cars and trucks, under heavy acceleration. Torque arms have been used to reduce power-hop for many solid axle suspension vehicles, mostly trucks and old rear wheel drive sports cars. It has long been known that the shortest torque arm easily reduces power-hop, but will increase hop under braking (braking-hop). The fundamental mechanism of torque arm effects on solid axle suspension vehicles, however, has not yet been fully explained. This study explains the stability of solid axle, torque arm suspension vehicles under heavy acceleration and braking. Analytical techniques utilize conventional linear analysis and a non-linear coupling force in a 4 degree of freedom dynamic model.</div>
Comparison of terahertz waveforms measured by electro-optic and photoconductive sampling (1998)

Terahertz waveforms measured by free-space electro-optic sampling and a photoconductive dipole antenna were carefully compared. We show that the difference between the waveforms could be explained quantitatively in terms of carrier lifetime and frequency dependent response of the photoconductive receiver antenna.
Room-temperature, atmospheric-pressure microsputtering of dense, electrically conductive, sub-100 nm gold films (2019)

In this study, we investigate the effects of deposition parameters (i.e. gas flow rates, bias voltages, and nozzle-to-substrate separation) on the microstructure of <100 nm thick gold deposits made with a room-temperature, atmospheric-pressure, ion-drag microsputterer. Without resorting to the use of vacuum or substrate heating, optimization of the printing process yields dense, continuous deposits (96.5% coverage) with low electrical resistivity (45 μΩ cm). Using statistical analysis, we developed a simple model that provides insight into the dynamics of such a printing method; based on this model, we identify electrostatic effects as the most important factor that influences the deposition process.
The metabolism of fibroblasts from normal and fibrotic skin is inhibited by minoxidil in vitro (1991)

The effects of minoxidil in vitro were studied using fibroblasts grown from the lesional skin of patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, morphoea and from the skin of normal individuals. The proliferation of all fibroblast lines over 3 days was inhibited in proportion to the concentration of minoxidil, being 20% or less of controls at 1 mM, where cell viability was only marginally reduced (84 +/- 2% vs. 88 +/- 2% (SEM) in controls). At 5 mM there was usually a net loss of cells and only 72% of those remaining were viable. In contrast, minoxidil at 0.1-1 mM stimulated the proliferation of foreskin keratinocytes by up to 130%. Contraction of collagen lattices containing the three types of fibroblasts was inhibited by 22-26% with 1 mM minoxidil after 5 days and by 50-94% with 5 mM. Secretion of glycosaminoglycans by normal fibroblasts showed concentration-dependent reduction, being 25 +/- 6% of that of untreated cultures with 1 mM minoxidil. These findings show that minoxidil has a range of inhibitory effects on both normal and abnormal skin fibroblasts in vitro, which contrast with its stimulation of skin epithelial cells, and support suggestions that it may provide a useful topical treatment for keloids and other fibroses.
Synthesis and Performance of Disordered Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Disordered rocksalt materials of the form Li 1+x M y(1-x) N (1-y)(1-x) O 2 have been largely overlooked as a potential candidate for high performance positive electrode materials in lithium ion batteries due to the inability of lithium to percolate through the disordered structure. Recent works [1, 2] have shown these materials are able to form percolation networks if sufficient lithium and cation mixing is present in the structure. As these materials become more lithium rich, the probability of finding a network of favourable Li channels increases. However, for many transition metal choices for M and N the available redox capacity decreases. This must be considered in order to design compositions for optimal performance. This work explores these recent theories and looks to improve the design and understanding of disordered materials. Many elemental combination series are synthesized between x = 0.00 to 0.33 in Li 1+x M y(1-x) N (1-y)(1-x) O 2 using solid state synthesis methods with varying temperature and excess Li content to explore the role of synthesis in disordering. Choices for M and N include V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Mo, and Cr in order to investigate capacity relationships due to available redox and Li channels. Materials are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in-situ and ex-situ XRD, scanning electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and electrochemical testing. The structural and electrochemical data is compared with theoretical models based on available redox capacity and percolation theory. Figure 1 shows that synthesis temperature plays an important role in the disordering process. Figure 2 demonstrates a series of Li 1+x Ti y(1-x) Fe (1-y)(1-x) O 2 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) heated at 800 °C. Electrochemical results were found to agree with current and proposed theories of disordered materials. Discussion will include the importance of synthesis in disordered materials, as well as the performance of select series and how they compare to theoretical models. References: 1. A. Urban, J. Lee, G. Ceder, Adv. Energy Mater., 4 1400478 (2014) 2. J. Lee, A. Urban, X. Li, D. Su, G. Hautier, G. Ceder, Science , 343 519-522 (2014) Figure 1
Ligand/PTC-free intramolecular Heck reaction: synthesis of pyrroloquinoxalines and their evaluation against PDE4/luciferase/oral cancer cell growth in vitro and zebrafish in vivo (2013)

A series of 1,3-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines has been designed for the potential inhibition of PDE4 without inhibiting luciferase. A ligand/PTC (phase transfer catalyst) free intramolecular Heck cyclization strategy was used to prepare these compounds, some of which showed significant inhibition of PDE4B (IC50≈ 5-14 μM) and growth inhibition of oral cancer cells (CAL 27) but not inhibition of luciferase in vitro. They also showed acceptable safety profiles but no apoptosis in zebrafish embryos.
On the Effectiveness of an Opportunistic Traffic Management System for Vehicular Networks (2011)

Road congestion results in a huge waste of time and productivity for millions of people. A possible way to deal with this problem is to have transportation authorities distribute traffic information to drivers, which, in turn, can decide (or be aided by a navigator) to route around congested areas. Such traffic information can be gathered by relying on static sensors placed at specific road locations (e.g., induction loops and video cameras) or by having single vehicles report their location, speed, and travel time. While the former approach has been widely exploited, the latter has come about only more recently; consequently, its potential is less understood. For this reason, in this paper, we study a realistic test case that allows the evaluation of the effectiveness of such a solution. As part of this process, (a) we designed a system that allows vehicles to crowd-source traffic information in an ad hoc manner, allowing them to dynamically reroute based on individually collected traffic information; (b) we implemented a realistic network-mobility simulator that allowed us to evaluate such a model; and (c) we performed a case study that evaluates whether such a decentralized system can help drivers to minimize trip times, which is the main focus of this paper. This study is based on traffic survey data from Portland, OR, and our results indicate that such navigation systems can indeed greatly improve traffic flow. Finally, to test the feasibility of our approach, we implemented our system and ran some real experiments at UCLA's C-Vet test bed.
Subthalamo‐pallidal interactions underlying parkinsonian neuronal oscillations in the primate basal ganglia (2011)

Abstract Parkinson’s disease is characterized by degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, leading to a wide variety of psychomotor dysfunctions. Accumulated evidence suggests that abnormally synchronized oscillations in the basal ganglia contribute to the expression of parkinsonian motor symptoms. However, the mechanism that generates abnormal oscillations in a dopamine‐depleted state remains poorly understood. We addressed this question by examining basal ganglia neuronal activity in two 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated parkinsonian monkeys. We found that systemic administration of l ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l ‐DOPA; dopamine precursor) decreased abnormal neuronal oscillations (8–15 Hz) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during the ON state when parkinsonian signs were alleviated and during l ‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. GPi oscillations and parkinsonian signs were suppressed by silencing of the STN with infusion of muscimol (GABA A receptor agonist). Intrapallidal microinjection of a mixture of 3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)‐propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid (CPP; N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate receptor antagonist) and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐nitro‐2,3‐dioxo‐benzo[ f ]quinoxaline‐7‐sulfonamide (NBQX; AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist) also decreased the oscillations in the GPi and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe). Neuronal oscillations in the STN were suppressed after intrasubthalamic microinjection of CPP/NBQX to block glutamatergic afferents of the STN. The STN oscillations were further reduced by muscimol inactivation of the GPe to block GABAergic inputs from the GPe. These results suggest that, in the dopamine‐depleted state, glutamatergic inputs to the STN and reciprocal GPe–STN interconnections are both important for the generation and amplification of the oscillatory activity of STN neurons, which is subsequently transmitted to the GPi, thus contributing to the symptomatic expression of Parkinson’s disease.
Towards a real digital power system: An energy packet approach (2017)

The actual transformation of the energy system is calling for a paradigmatically new operational concept, in view of system stability, vulnerability and resilience. This paper presents a possible vision based on the concept of Energy Packet. The Energy Packet concept will allow the grid to operate in a way very similar to the Internet. After reviewing previous concepts that supports this vision, the paper focuses on specific preliminary results that underpin the vision and show how a complete new operational idea could be implemented in the future. Considerations on the broader consequences of the new approach are also discussed presenting a vision that goes beyond electricity and beyond the strictly technical view.
A Differential Microphone Array with Input Level Alignment, Directional Equalization and Fast Notch Adaptation for Handsfree Communication (2014)

We revisit the standard differential microphone of [1] and propose three algorithmic enhancements. First, a simple alignment procedure equalizes the power levels of the input signals. Second, we describe an efficient algorithm to equalize the distorted directional response of the original algorithm. This enables a wider operating frequency range and helps to reduce the noise gain of the array. Third, a fast time-domain notch adaptation algorithm is presented to reliably track interfering sound sources. Its tracking performance is not impaired by the activity of desired sound sources. Finally, we describe a fixed-point arithmetic implementation of the modified algorithm for wideband handsfree communication (fs =16kHz) using two miniature digital MEMS microphone capsules.
Carousel Ads Optimization in Yahoo Gemini Native (2019)

Yahoo's native advertising (also known as Gemini native) serves billions of ad impressions daily, reaching a yearly run-rate of many hundred of millions USD. Driving Gemini native models for predicting both click probability (pCTR) and conversion probability (pCONV) is OFFSET - a feature enhanced collaborative-filtering (CF) based event prediction algorithm. The predicted pCTRs are then used in Gemini native auctions to determine which ads to present for each serving event. A fast growing segment of Gemini native is Carousel ads that include several cards (or assets) which are used to populate several slots within the ad. Since Carousel ad slots are not symmetrical and some are more conspicuous than others, it is beneficial to render assets to slots in a way that maximizes revenue.
The Thermal Decomposition of Vanadium(III) Chloride Oxide and Its Reaction with Oxygen (1979)

Abstract The thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis of VClO in an argon stream were carried out. The products obtained by heating VClO in an argon stream at various temperatures were examined by chemical analysis and X-ray analysis. Also, the reaction between VClO and oxygen was examined in the same manner. When VClO is heated in an argon stream, it decomposes above about 400 °C to form V2O3 and VCl3, 3VClO(s)→V2O3(s)+VCl3(s). Subsequently, the resulting VCl3 disproportionates to form VCl2 and VCl4, 2VCl3(s)→VCl2(s)+VCl4(g). VClO reacts with oxygen above about 120 °C to form V2O5 and VCl3O, 6VClO(s)+3O2(g)→2V2O5(s)+2VCl3O(g); this reaction is accompanied by the 4VClO(s)+3O2(g)→2V2O5(s)+2Cl2(g) reaction.
Structure, Scoring and Purpose of Computing Competitions (2006)

We identify aspects of computing competition formats as they relate to the purpose of these competitions, both stated and tacit. We consider the major international competitions - the International Olympiad for Informatics, the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest, and top coder - and related contests whose format merits consideration. We consider the operational impact and possible outcomes of incorporating several of these aspects into scholastic competitions. We advocate, in particular, that contests be designed so as to provide a rewarding experience and opportunity for achievement for all competitors; not just the winners. Specific contest elements that should be considered are: (1) real-time scoring and feedback, (2) rewards for testing and test case creation, (3) tasks with graduated difficulty, (4) collaborative tasks, (5) practice contests and entry-level contests for novices, and (6) inclusion of spectators.
Adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells in children and adults. (1983)

Adherence of Candida albicans to BEC was determined in 20 children with oral candidiasis, 20 with oral colonization with C. albicans, and 40 uninfected controls not receiving antibiotics. Mean adherence was 15.3 +/- 0.08 yeast/cell in controls and significantly increased to 16.2 +/- 0.5 in colonized children (p less than 0.001) and 19.3 +/- 0.8 in children with oral candidiasis (p less than 0.001). Adherence was the same in normal adults and children, suggesting a stable cell receptor system that is not age dependent. Adherence was also tested daily in 15 initially noncolonized, previously healthy children receiving antibiotics. Normally adherent background bacteria decreased significantly (p less than 0.004) on the first day of narrow- or broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. C. albicans adherence increased significantly (p less than 0.004) on the second day. Oral colonization with C. albicans occurred on the third day of therapy. None of the children developed oral candidiasis over 3 to 9 days of observation. Healthy control children showed no change in adherence when tested daily for 1 week. Increased fungal adherence to BEC during antibiotic therapy may explain, in part, the increased incidence of Candida colonization in patients receiving antibiotics. Persistence of organisms may then permit disease to develop.
MixKMeans: Clustering Question-Answer Archives (2016)

Community-driven Question Answering (CQA) systems that crowdsource experiential information in the form of questions and answers and have accumulated valuable reusable knowledge.
Integration of mobile vehicles for automated material handling using Profibus and IEEE 802.11 networks (2002)

This paper focuses on a method to integrate mobile devices such as a mobile robot, automated guided vehicle, and unmanned container transporter to form an automated material handling system. In this paper, the stationary devices are connected via a Profibus network while the mobile devices are communicating via an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. In order to integrate these two networks, a protocol converter is developed on a PC platform that runs two interacting processes with shared internal buffers. The protocol converter performs a role of translator between two different protocols by converting the format of a data frame. In addition to this basic conversion function, the protocol converter has a virtual polling algorithm to reduce the uncertainty involved in accessing the wireless network. Finally, the integrated network. of Profibus and IEEE 802.11 is experimentally evaluated for its data latency and throughput, which shows the feasibility of the Profibus-IEEE 802.11 network for industrial applications involving mobile devices.
Submicron probe of polymer adhesion with atomic force microscopy: Dependence on topography and material inhomogeneities (1991)

We have used the atomic force microscope as a nanoindenter to both doped and undoped polycarbonate to probe the dependence of adhesion on topography and material inhomogeneities. Adhesion measurements at the same position are repeatable to 2%. The magnitude of the adhesion is found to decrease as the local curvature on the surface increases. Spatial adhesion maps of doped polymers show structure that is not apparent in surface topography. The spatial resolution of the measurement is at least 300 Å.
Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single uncalibrated image (2002)

This paper investigates the problem of recovering information about the configuration of an articulated object, such as a human figure, from point correspondences in a single-image. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed reconstruction method does not assume that the imagery was acquired with a calibrated camera. An analysis is presented which demonstrates that there are a family of solutions to this reconstruction problem parameterized by a single variable. A simple and effective algorithm is proposed for recovering the entire set of solutions by considering the foreshortening of the segments of the model in the image. Results obtained by applying this algorithm to real images are presented.