gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axonal injury detected by <i>in vivo</i> diffusion tensor imaging correlates with neurological disability in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (2007)

Recent studies have suggested that axonal damage, and not demyelination, is the primary cause of long-term neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The axial and radial diffusivities derived from diffusion tensor imaging have shown promise as non-invasive surrogate markers of axonal damage and demyelination, respectively. In this study, in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the spinal cords from mice with chronic EAE was performed to determine if axial diffusivity correlated with neurological disability in EAE assessed by the commonly used clinical scoring system. Axial diffusivity in the ventrolateral white matter showed a significant negative correlation with EAE clinical score and was significantly lower in mice with severe EAE than in mice with moderate EAE. Furthermore, the greater decreases in axial diffusivity were associated with greater amounts of axonal damage, as confirmed by quantitative staining for non-phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI32). Radial diffusivity and relative anisotropy could not distinguish between the groups of mice with moderate EAE and those with severe EAE. The results further the notion that axial diffusivity is a non-invasive marker of axonal damage in white matter and could provide the necessary link between pathology and neurological disability.
Breast imaging and breast cancer prevention (1993)

Earlier detection of breast cancer through periodic screening is the only currently available intervention likely to reduce breast cancer-related mortality in the near term; prevention would be preferable. The alteration of proliferative changes and the assessment of intermediate endpoints may establish some interventions as more likely than others to interrupt the progression to lethal cancer. However, since not all breast cancers are fatal, the endpoint that will ultimately be accepted as proof of prevention success will be a reduction in breast cancer mortality. Methods of detection and monitoring must be carefully tailored so that the influences of the detection techniques do not alter the prevention results.
Prevention of oxaliplatin‐induced mechanical allodynia and neurodegeneration by neurotropin in the rat model (2010)

Oxaliplatin is a key drug for colorectal cancer, but it causes acute peripheral neuropathy (triggered by cold) and chronic neuropathy (sensory and motor neuropathy) in patients. Neurotropin, a non-protein extract from the inflamed rabbit skin inoculated with vaccinia virus, has been used to treat various chronic pains. In the present study, we investigated the effect of neurotropin on the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in rats. Repeated administration of oxaliplatin caused cold hyperalgesia from Day 5 to Day 29 and mechanical allodynia from Day 15 to Day 47. Repeated administration of neurotropin relieved the oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia but not cold hyperalgesia, and inhibited the oxaliplatin-induced axonal degeneration in rat sciatic nerve. Neurotropin also inhibited the oxaliplatin-induced neurite degeneration in cultured pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. On the other hand, neurotropin did not affect the oxaliplatin-induced cell injury in rat DRG cells. These results suggest that repeated administration of neurotropin relieves the oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia by inhibiting the axonal degeneration and it is useful for the treatment of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy clinically.
Mechanisms of Apoptotic Effects Induced by Resveratrol, Dibenzoylmethane, and Their Analogues on Human Lung Carcinoma Cells (2009)

While lung cancer accounts for approximately 20% of cancer diagnoses, it is the leading cause of tumor-related deaths. The apoptotic effects of 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol), dibenzoylmethane (DBM), and their analogues on human lung cancer cells are generally unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate the apoptotic effects and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol, DBM, and their analogues on human lung cancer cells. The results of the MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays indicated that resveratrol, 3,5,4'-trimethoxy-trans-stilbene (MR-3), and 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propanedione (HMDB) could inhibit cell population growth and induce cell injury in A549 and CH27 cell lines. Resveratrol and HMDB could induce apoptotic cell death in the A549 and CH27 cell lines. Moreover, cellular growth of the A549 and CH27 cell lines might be inhibited by MR-3 through induction of apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle. The A549 and CH27 cell lines treated with resveratrol, MR-3, and HMDB showed a time-dependent reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased gradually with a higher concentration of polyphenols. The resveratrol-, MR-3-, and HMDB-induced apoptosis in the A549 and CH27 cell lines were controlled through activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that resveratrol, DBM, and their analogues could be effective candidates for chemoprevention of lung cancer and HMDB might have the strongest ability for inducing apoptosis.
Expedited Synthesis of Substituted Dipyrrolo[3,4-<i>a</i>:3,4-<i>c</i>]carbazole-1,3,4,6-tetraones Structurally Related to Granulatimide (2006)

Dipyrrolo[3,4-a:3,4-c]carbazole-1,3,4,6-tetraones can be considered as granulatimide analogues. In view of structure-activity relationship studies in these series, a parallel liquid-phase microwave-assisted synthesis was developed to generate a small library of compounds bearing various substituents at positions 8, 9, 10, or 11 on the aromatic framework.
Quantitative simulation of a resonant tunneling diode (1997)

Quantitative simulation of an InGaAs/InAlAs resonant tunneling diode is obtained by relaxing three of the most widely employed assumptions in the simulation of quantum devices. These are the single band effective mass model (parabolic bands), Thomas-Fermi charge screening, and the Esaki-Tsu 1D integral approximation for current density. The breakdown of each of these assumptions is examined by comparing to the full quantum mechanical calculations of self-consistent quantum charge in a multiband basis explicitly including the transverse momentum.
Infectious Complications Associated with Monoclonal Antibodies and Related Small Molecules (2009)

Biologics are increasingly becoming part of routine disease management. As more agents are developed, the challenge of keeping track of indications and side effects is growing. While biologics represent a milestone in targeted and specific therapy, they are not without drawbacks, and the judicious use of these "magic bullets" is essential if their full potential is to be realized. Infectious complications in particular are not an uncommon side effect of therapy, whether as a direct consequence of the agent or because of the underlying disease process. With this in mind, we have reviewed and summarized the risks of infection and the infectious disease-related complications for all FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies and some related small molecules, and we discuss the probable mechanisms involved in immunosuppression as well as recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of specific disease entities.
Role of the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) pathway in glycolipid‐induced iNKT cell anergy (2008)

Invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens such as the marine sponge‐derived chemical α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) when presented by the CD1d protein. We have shown that in vivo activation of iNKT cells with α‐GalCer results in dynamic changes in the iNKT cell population characterized by surface TCR down‐modulation, cytokine secretion, expansion, homeostatic contraction and acquisition of an anergic phenotype. Here, we have investigated the potential role of the inhibitory, co‐stimulatory molecule programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) in iNKT cell anergy. We have found that expression of PD‐1, but not CTLA‐4, is preferentially up‐regulated within the first few hours and is retained on the surface of iNKT cells for as long as 5 weeks after initial α‐GalCer stimulation in vivo. A combination of blocking antibodies directed against the ligands of PD‐1, PDL1 and PDL2, restored the cytokine secretion and proliferative capacity of anergic iNKT cells, and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies showed a similar but p0rtial effect. Antibody treatment was only effective when started at the time of □‐GalCer treatment but was unable to break anergy once it was established. These findings suggest a key role of the PD‐1 pathway in the induction but not maintenance of □‐GalCer‐induced iNKT cell anergy. Our results have important implications for the development of iNKT cell‐based immunotherapies.
Advanced delay analysis method for submicron ASIC technology (2003)

A new ASIC delay analysis method is presented, in which a two-dimensional delay table model is used for cells and the tailored circuit simulation is used for wires. Input waveform slope and load capacitance play important roles in the variation of cell delay. In the case of an arbitrary RC tree load, the equivalent load capacitance is calculated by using a node reduction technique and the proposed equation. This model preserves accurate delay estimation, typically within 3% compared to that of HSPICE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accuracy of Laser Placement With Frameless Stereotaxy in Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy (2015)

Skull pin-based frameless stereotaxy for MRgLITT results in consistent accuracy, with the majority of cases resulting in complete ablations. A significant proportion of lasers with RE >0 mm still result in complete ablations.
Restitution of Action Potential Duration During Sequential Changes in Diastolic Intervals Shows Multimodal Behavior (2004)

Restitution of action potential duration (APD) is thought to be critical in activation instability. Although restitution is used to predict APD during sequential changes in diastolic interval (DI), currently used protocols to determine restitution do not use sequential changes in DI. We explored restitution using a new pacing protocol to change DI sequentially and independently of APD. Transmembrane potentials were recorded from right ventricular endocardial tissue isolated from six dogs. We used three patterns of DIs: oscillatory, to demonstrate differences in APDs depending on previous activation history; random, to minimize effects of previous activation history, each DI preceding an APD had an equal probability of being short or long; and linear, to compare restitution relationship obtained during sequential changes in DI with those obtained using currently used protocols; DIs mimicked those that resulted using currently used protocols, except that they changed in sequence. During oscillatory DIs, restitution showed bimodal trajectory similar to hysteresis. Decrease in APD during decreasing DIs was faster than increase in APD during increasing DIs. When effects of previous activation history were minimized, we observed that for a given DI there were multiple values of APD. Restitution relationship obtained during sequential changes in DI was shallower than those obtained using currently used protocols. Our results show that the new pacing protocol may permit direct evaluation of effects of memory on APD. Sequential and explicit control of DI suggests that use of a unimodal relationship to predict APD when DIs change in sequence may not be appropriate.
Erosion mechanism of silver in a single arc discharge across a static gap (2002)

The effects of pulse potential and gap distance on the arc erosion mechanism of silver material are investigated by using a static-gap electrical erosion tester with a single arc discharge. The boundary between the arcing and nonarcing regions has been obtained for different anode materials at pulse potential up to 500 V and gap distance up to 40 μm. The erosion pattern diagram is also established for a wide range of pulse potential and gap distance. With increasing pulse potential, the erosion pattern of anode silver is varied from B through B+M and M, to M+G, where B, M and G indicate that the molten metal bridge, metallic and gaseous phase arcs cause the erosion, respectively. At the pulse potential of 500 V, with increasing gap distance, the erosion volume increases, reaches a maximum, and finally diminishes. Meanwhile, the splashing of metallic particles around the crater becomes more dispersed, shorter with more silver powders, and finally disappears with a little silver powder because the gaseous phase arc becomes significant. The thermionic emission causes the erosion patterns of B, B+M, and M, and the mixed thermionic and field emission results in the erosion pattern of M+G.
Attribute And-Or Grammar for Joint Parsing of Human Attributes, Part and Pose (2016)

This paper presents an attribute and-or grammar (A-AOG) model for jointly inferring human body pose and human attributes in a parse graph with attributes augmented to nodes in the hierarchical representation. In contrast to other popular methods in the current literature that train separate classifiers for poses and individual attributes, our method explicitly represents the decomposition and articulation of body parts, and account for the correlations between poses and attributes. The A-AOG model is an amalgamation of three traditional grammar formulations: (i) Phrase structure grammar representing the hierarchical decomposition of the human body from whole to parts; (ii) Dependency grammar modeling the geometric articulation by a kinematic graph of the body pose; and (iii) Attribute grammar accounting for the compatibility relations between different parts in the hierarchy so that their appearances follow a consistent style. The parse graph outputs human detection, pose estimation, and attribute prediction simultaneously, which are intuitive and interpretable. We conduct experiments on two tasks on two datasets, and experimental results demonstrate the advantage of joint modeling in comparison with computing poses and attributes independently. Furthermore, our model obtains better performance over existing methods for both pose estimation and attribute prediction tasks.
Packet reservation protocols for multichannel satellite networks (1993)

Owing to system economics, many satellite data networks have star configurations, with low cost user terminals communicating with high performance hub earth stations over inbound multiaccess channels and outbound broadcast channels. The inbound channel data rate is often limited by the power budget, so that multiple satellite channels are required to accommodate the overall traffic in a large network. Most packet multiaccess protocols previously considered, when applied to multichannel satellite networks, enable distinct groups of users to share individual channels. In contrast, this paper presents a new class of multichannel reservation protocols (MRPs) which improves channel utilisation by enabling complete sharing of all channels among all users. For good throughput efficiency and reduced delay, the MRPs employ slotted random access with immediate retransmissions for first-packet and reservation request transmissions, and reservation of consecutive time slots for transmissions of remaining packets in multipacket messages. Delay throughput characteristics are derived under steady state conditions. Numerical results show that the MRPs achieve higher throughput capacity than random access protocols and lower average delay than other reservation protocols.
P‐2: Back‐Channel Effects on the Threshold Voltage of Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs with SiN <sub>x</sub> /SiO <sub>2</sub> Dual Under Layer (1999)

Abstract The fixed charges in the SiO 2 underlying the poly‐Si active layer was shown to have a significant effect on V th low temperature poly‐Si TFT with SiN x /SiO 2 dual under layer deposited by Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). This effect is comparable to that of the charges in the gate dielectric layer. Impurities of nitrogen in the SiO 2 cause the charges. The reduction of the nitrogen can stabilize V th affected by fluctuations of deposition conditions.
Ground‐Motion Prediction Equation for Small‐to‐Moderate Events at Short Hypocentral Distances, with Application to Induced‐Seismicity Hazards (2015)

Abstract The evaluation of seismic hazard from induced seismicity requires the development of ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that are tuned to the key magnitude–distance range for such applications. I use events of M  3–6 at hypocentral distances less than 40 km, drawn from the Next Generation Attenuation‐West 2 (NGA‐West 2) database, to develop a GMPE that accounts correctly for point‐source scaling in both magnitude and distance space for such events. The developed GMPE is in demonstrable agreement with the NGA‐West 2 database and with the predictions of a stochastic point‐source simulation model. The database is sparse at close distances, implying epistemic uncertainty of as much as a factor of 2 in ground‐motion amplitudes within 10 km of the hypocenter. An important conclusion from this study is that the ground‐motion amplitudes for moderate induced events could be much larger near the epicenter than predicted by most of the NGA‐West 2 GMPEs. The potential for large motions is a consequence of the shallow depth of induced events, which places the earthquake fault only a short distance beneath the epicenter.
Phase response of a liquid crystal image transducer (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Aaron D. Gara, "Phase response of a liquid crystal image transducer," Appl. Opt. 17, 3696-3698 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Disease-specific, patient-assessed measures of health outcome in ankylosing spondylitis: reliability, validity and responsiveness (2002)

The instruments have undergone a comprehensive comparative evaluation to assess the measurement properties required for patient-assessed measures of health outcome. Adequate levels of reliability and validity were found for all instruments. The BASDAI and the ASQoL were the most responsive to self-perceived change in health, but the BASDAI had low levels of self-completion.
HU‐PageScan: a fully convolutional neural network for document page crop (2020)

November The offer of online, automated, and impersonal services demand users to upload scanned copies of their documents to the organisations. As a consequence of this decentralisation, the documents present more challenges to the already complex process of image processing and information extraction. To address this problem, the authors presented an optimised fully convolutional neural network model for document segmentation that works on mobile devices to detect the region of the document in the captured image. They performed experiments in three representative datasets comparing the proposed method with the Geodesic object Proposals, U‐net, Mask R‐CNN, and OctHU‐PageScan algorithms. They also compared the proposed model with all competitors of the ICDAR2015 Competition on smartphone document capture. Furthermore, they performed a qualitative and comparative analysis with the CamScanner software, a popular app for Android and iOS smartphones used for more than 100 million users in over 200 countries. The proposed approach achieved a significant performance compared with the current state‐of‐the‐art methods, providing a powerful approach for document segmentation in photos and scanned images.
Properties of 3-Deoxyanthocyanins from Sorghum (2004)

There is increasing interest in natural food colorants with functional properties. Anthocyanins from black, brown (containing tannins), and red sorghums were characterized by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques. The antioxidant activity and pH stability of the anthocyanins were also determined. Sorghum brans had 3-4 times higher anthocyanin contents than the whole grains. Black sorghum had the highest anthocyanin content (average = 10.1 mg/g in bran). The brown and red sorghum brans had anthocyanin contents of 2.8-4.3 mg/g. Only 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were detected in sorghum. These compounds are more stable to pH-induced color change than the common anthocyanidins and their glycosides. Additionally, crude sorghum anthocyanin extracts were more stable than the pure 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. The antioxidant properties of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were similar to those of the anthocyanins. Pigmented sorghum bran has high levels of unique 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, which are stable to change in pH and have a good potential as natural food pigments.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TYPE-SPECIFIC M ANTIGEN ISOLATED FROM A GROUP A, TYPE 1 HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS (1952)

Type-specific M antigen was extracted by heating type 1 group A streptococci at pH 2 in a boiling water bath. The protein was then purified by digestion with a preparation of crystalline ribonuclease which was free of proteolytic activity. It was further purified by fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4. Elementary chemical analysis of the preparation thus obtained showed an absence of phosphorus and a sulfur content of 2.46 per cent. In the ultraviolet the maximum absorption was at a wave length of 276 mµ and the minimum at 255 mµ. In electrophoresis experiments the preparation showed a single peak in the pH range of 3 to 9, but considerable boundary spreading was observed. The type 1 M antigen was isoelectric at pH 5.3 in sodium acetate buffer of ionic strength 0.1. The serological reactivity of the protein isolated was typical of type 1 M antigen. This protein induced the formation in rabbits of type-specific precipitins and protective antibodies. The absorption of type 1 antibacterial serum with the purified M antigen removed both the protective antibodies and the type-specific precipitins from the serum.
Runlength-limited code with small error propagation (1983)

We present a new runlength-limited modulation technique based on the variable-length encoding principle. The code achieves minimum and maximum runlengths Tmin = 1.5 and Tmax = 4.5, respectively. Decoding is very simple and only needs an observation field of six channel bits. The new code is compared with other codes achieving Tmin = 1.5.
Editorial Vol.1 (2000)

Cardiovascular diseases are killer number one in developed countries and are becoming so in the developing countries too. Developing countries like ours are passing through a health transition phase, which is characterised by decrease in epidemic of acute infectious diseases, increase in life expectancy and change in socio-economic structure. Life style changes are already evident in developing countries. The consumption of saturated fats and tobacco is rising in sharp contrast to the overall decline in developed countries. If these patterns of change currently experienced in developing countries follow those experienced previously in the west, an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases is expected in the near future in SAARC nations with its significant impact in the lower Socio-economic class people.
A simplified microwave instrument for measuring particle volumes and densities (1974)

An instrument is described that allows the direct and simple measurement of small particle volume and density. Volumes of 150 μ glass spheres have been measured and the technique is shown to be applicable to particles as small as 50 μ.