gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>o</i>‐Fluorination of Aromatic Azides Yields Improved Azido‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide: Synthesis, Spectra, and Bioimaging (2014)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with multiple biological functions. To visualize the endogenous in situ production of H2S in real time, new coumarin- and boron-dipyrromethene-based fluorescent turn-on probes were developed for fast sensing of H2S in aqueous buffer and in living cells. Introduction of a fluoro group in the ortho position of the aromatic azide can lead to a greater than twofold increase in the rate of reaction with H2S. On the basis of o-fluorinated aromatic azides, fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and selectivity toward H2S over other biologically relevant species were designed and synthesized. The probes can be used to in situ to visualize exogenous H2S and D-cysteine-dependent endogenously produced H2S in living cells, which makes them promising tools for potential applications in H2S biology.
Multiple cross-reactive self-ligands for Borrelia burgdorferi-specific HLA-DR4-restricted T cells (2000)

T cell recognition of self antigens is a key event in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To date, the initial events that trigger autoreactive T cells are unknown. The "molecular mimicry" hypothesis predicts that during an infection T cells that recognize both a microbial antigen and a related self peptide become activated and cause autoimmune disease. We have systematically examined the recognition of self antigens by HLA-DR4-restricted T cells specific for peptides of the outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. We used the peptide spot synthesis technique for complete peptide substitution analyses of two immunodominant OspA epitopes. Each amino acid residue of the epitopes was substituted with all 20 naturally occurring amino acids and the altered peptides were tested for recognition by a panel of OspA-specific T cells. The binding motifs (supertopes) revealed by these analyses were used to screen public databases for matching human or murine peptides. Several hundred peptides were identified by this search and synthesized. Of these, 28 were recognized by OspA-specific T cells. Thus, T cell cross-reactivity is a common phenomenon and the existence of cross-reactive epitopes alone does not imply molecular mimicry-mediated pathology and autoimmunity.
Prior exposure to chronic stress results in enhanced synthesis and release of hippocampal norepinephrine in response to a novel stressor (1991)

The release and synthesis of norepinephrine (NE) in hippocampus were measured in naive and chronically cold-stressed rats in response to acute tail-shock stress. Using in vivo microdialysis, it was determined that the basal extracellular concentrations of NE and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in hippocampus were the same in the two groups. However, 30 min of intermittent tail shock produced a greater elevation of extracellular NE and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the chronically cold-stressed rats than in the native controls. In hippocampus, the extracellular concentration of DOPAC may reflect NE biosynthesis, and thus the enhanced DOPAC response in the chronically stressed rats suggests an increase in NE synthesis. In order to investigate this possibility, two further methods of assessing NE biosynthesis were employed. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was assayed in vitro in the presence of saturating concentrations of cofactor. No change in maximal TH activity could be detected in hippocampus of chronically cold-stressed rats. In addition, the in vivo rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in cold-stressed rats was measured by the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in tissue following inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. It was found that, whereas basal synthesis was the same in both groups of rats, synthesis accompanying a novel stressor was increased to a greater extent in the chronically stressed rats.
Pharmacological Modulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Reverses Thrombotic Stroke tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) Resistance (2019)

Background and Purpose- Recanalization of the occluded artery is a primary goal in stroke treatment. Unfortunately, endovascular treatment is not always available, and tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) therapy is limited by its narrow therapeutic window; importantly, the rate of early arterial recanalization after tPA administration is low, especially for platelet-rich thrombi. The mechanisms for this tPA resistance are not well known. Since neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in this setting, our aim was to study whether NET pharmacological modulation can reverse tPA resistance and the role of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), previously related to NET formation, in thrombosis. Methods- To this goal, we have used a mouse photothrombotic stroke model, which produces a fibrin-free thrombus composed primarily of aggregated platelets and thrombi obtained from human stroke patients. Results- Our results demonstrate that (1) administration of DNase-I, which promotes NETs lysis, but not of tPA, recanalizes the occluded vessel improving photothrombotic stroke outcome; (2) a preventive treatment with Cl-amidine, impeding NET formation, completely precludes thrombotic occlusion; (3) platelet TLR4 mediates NET formation after photothrombotic stroke; and (4) ex vivo fresh platelet-rich thrombi from ischemic stroke patients are effectively lysed by DNase-I. Conclusions- Hence, our data open new avenues for recanalization of platelet-rich thrombi after stroke, especially to overcome tPA resistance.
Understanding clinical and non-clinical decisions under uncertainty: a scenario-based survey (2016)

All participants made more economically-rational decisions when provided explicit probability information in a non-clinical domain. However, choices in the non-clinical domain were not related to prospect-theory concordant decision making and risk aversion tendencies in the clinical domain. Recognizing this discordance may be important when applying prospect theory to interventions aimed at improving clinical care.
Innate Type 2 Response to Alternaria Extract Enhances Ryegrass-Induced Lung Inflammation (2013)

A single exposure to Alternaria extract in ryegrass-sensitized and -challenged mice enhances the type 2 lung inflammatory response, including airway eosinophilia, peribronchial infiltrate, and mucus production, possibly through Th2 cell recruitment and ILC2 expansion. If translated to humans, exposure to both grass pollen and Alternaria may be a potential cause of thunderstorm-related asthma.
Low Frequency Excess Noise Source Investigation of Off-Diagonal GMI-Based Magnetometers (2016)

The equivalent magnetic noise spectral densities of off-diagonal giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based magnetometers exhibit significant low-frequency excess noise, proportional to 1/f noise. As it represents a serious limitation to the ultimate sensing performances of high sensitivity magnetometers, possible sources of this 1/f noise are under investigation. Low-frequency magnetization fluctuations have been proposed as the noise source in the case of classical GMI-based sensors. Here, we apply this model to off-diagonal GMI-based magnetometers. This requires the inclusion of magnetization fluctuation noise sources, in addition to white noise sources from electronic conditioning in the GMI effect equations. A pessimistic scenario is presented, predicting the upper limit of low-frequency excess noise from material characteristics. The equivalent magnetic noise level is then computed from the sensitivity of each term of the sensing element impedance matrix to the magnetization angle at the static working point (for both axial and circumferential static magnetic field) and to conditioning circuitry. Based on this, it appears that magnetization fluctuations similarly affect all modes of operation of the two-port network sensing element, inducing identical impedance fluctuations. It also appears that this noise depends only upon the static equilibrium condition. This condition is governed by the effective anisotropy of the magnetic wire and by both axial and circumferential static components of the working point.
HBF4 and HBr salts of new chiral cyclens (1994)

The structures of salts of four new chiral cyclens (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) have been determined: (2RS,5RS,8RS, 11SR)-2,5,8,11-tetrabenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraethyl-4,7,10-triaza-1-azoniacyclododecane tetrafluoroborate [C 44 H 61 N 4 + . BF 4 - , tetb= (2RS,5RS,8RS,11SR)-2,5,8,11-tetrabenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraethylcyclen (I)], (2R,5R,8R, 11R)-1,4,7,10-tetraethoxycarbonylmethyl-2,5,8,11-tetraethyl-4,10-diaza-1,7-diazoniacyclododecane bis(tetrafluoroborate) [C 32 H 62 N 4 O 8 2+ .2BF 4 - , tcte=(2R,5R,8R,11R)-1,4,7,10-tetraethoxycarbonylmethyl-2,5,8,11-tetraethylcyclen (II)]
Motion-logger: An attitude and motion sensing system (2011)

This paper proposes a complete motion sensing solution for wheelchairs with the main objective of determining tips, falls and other hazardous situations. This kind of motion-logging solution is necessary to study needs and habits of wheelchair users. The system collects motion information utilizing an inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of three orthogonal accelerometers and two gyroscopes sensing pitch and roll rate. The IMU is part of a portable device (the “Motion Logger”) which captures raw motion data in a Secure Digital memory card. An algorithm running in the Motion Logger helps reducing energy consumption and memory usage. Actual determination of major events is carried out off-line and in batch mode using a personal computer application, which has two key components: an attitude estimation algorithm and the event identification itself. This document describes the design process, the hardware, and the main algorithms employed in the motion sensing solution, as well as results obtained with it.
Internal metallation of N- or P-donor bidentate ligands to give multidentate oraganometallic compounds (1973)

Bidentate di-N- or di-P-donors are internally metallaed by platinum or palladium very much less readily than analogous monodentate ligands but metallation can be promoted by increasing the chelate ring size from five to six and by using certain reagents.
Analysis and design of periodically time-varying IIR filters, with applications to transmultiplexing (1992)

Fundamental constraints on the form of infinite impulse response (IIR) periodically time-varying (PTV) filters are identified, and a design technique with well-defined error and stability characteristics based on those constraints is presented. The design technique is based on the selection of poles and zeros within the time-invariant filter banks of equivalent PTV filter analysis structures. A simple example is presented to illustrate the design method, which implements the IIR PTV as a time-invariant all-feedback IIR filter of the form 1/D(z/sup P/) cascaded with an finite impulse response (FIR) PTV filter. An application of IIR PTV filters to telecommunications transmultiplexing is presented to illustrate the design method and for comparison to an existing PTV design method. The computational complexity of the resulting system compares favorably with that of existing transmultiplexers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthèse en phase solide de l'hormone de libération de l'hormone lutéotrophique (LH‐RH) (1971)

Abstract A rapid and convenient synthesis of LH‐RH using the benzylhydrylamine resine is described.
What do Families and Teams Have in Common (2013)

They both have built-in support groups, and they’re both subjects of interest to Brad Donohue. The UNLV psychology professor takes the principles of Family Behavior Therapy and applies them in a variety of contexts, including athletic performance.
A robust and lightweight feature system for video fingerprinting (2012)

In this paper, a new content-based feature identification method for video sequences is presented. It is robust to a number of image transformations and relatively lightweight compare to most state of the art methods. A scale and rotation invariant descriptor for a set of interest points in detected key frames is proposed based on modified minimal spanning tree algorithm. In addition, a predicative coding scheme is used to achieve minimal size of the descriptor for transmission. Furthermore, the pairwise distance between the frequency responses of the curvature vector from the descriptors is calculated and compared to efficiently match query with a large database. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Index Terms — Robust video hashing, content-based fingerprinting, multimedia fingerprinting, video copy detection 1.
Audio random number generator and its application (2011)

In this work, a qualified audio random number generator that could be used in voice communication is presented. The audio random number generator needs only a microphone or a common equipment such as cellular phone or laptop, to generate qualified random number sequences. When applying NIST SP 800-22rev1a (published in April, 2010) 15 statistical tests on the audio random number generator, around 80% generating random number sequences will be qualified. When applying filter on the audio random number generator, no matter generated from Crosstalk or cartoon sources, the qualified rate against 15 statistical tests will rise up to 99%. Furthermore, an encryption application on cellular phone to assure communication confidentiality will be also demonstrated in the work.
Hexagon-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Supply-Demand Forecasting of Ride-Sourcing Services (2018)

Ride-sourcing services are becoming an increasingly popular transportation mode in cities all over the world. With real-time information from both drivers and passengers, the ride-sourcing platform can reduce matching frictions and improve efficiencies by surge pricing, optimal vehicle-trip assignment, and proactive ridesplitting strategies. An important foundation of these strategies is the short-term supply-demand forecasting. In this paper, we tackle the problem of predicting the short-term supply-demand gap of ride-sourcing services. In contrast to the previous studies that partitioned a city area into numerous square lattices, we partition the city area into various regular hexagon lattices, which is motivated by the fact that hexagonal segmentation has an unambiguous neighborhood definition, smaller edge-to-area ratio, and isotropy. To capture the spatio-temporal characteristics in a hexagonal manner, we propose three hexagon-based convolutional neural networks (H-CNN), both the input and output of which are numerous local hexagon maps. Moreover, a hexagon-based ensemble mechanism is developed to enhance the prediction performance. Validated by a 3-week real-world ride-sourcing dataset in Guangzhou, China, the H-CNN models are found to significantly outperform the benchmark algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness. Our approaches can be further extended to a broad range of spatio-temporal forecasting problems in the domain of shared mobility and urban computing.
Direct Observation of Morphological Tranformation from Twisted Ribbons into Helical Ribbons (2010)

We report on the direct observation of a nanostructural transformation from a twisted ribbon to a helical ribbon in supramolecular assemblies of peptide amphiphiles. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, a peptide amphiphile molecule containing aromatic residues was found to first assemble into short twisted ribbons in the time range of seconds, which then elongate in the time scale of minutes, and finally transform into helical ribbons over the course of weeks. By synthesizing an analogous molecule without the aromatic side groups, it was found that a cylindrical nanostructure is formed that does not undergo any transitions during the same time period. The study of metastable states in peptide aggregation can contribute to our understanding of amyloid-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
New perspectives on the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (2007)

Even though differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a slow growing and usually curable disease, recurrence occurs in 20-40% and cellular dedifferentiation in up to 5% of cases. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have just a modest effect on advanced thyroid cancer. Therefore, dedifferentiated thyroid cancer represents a therapeutic dilemma and a critical area of research. Targeted therapy, a new generation of anticancer treatment, is planned to interfere with a specific molecular target, typically a protein that is believed to have a critical role in tumor growth or progression. Since many of the tumor-initiation events have already been identified in thyroid carcinogenesis, targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic tool for advanced thyroid cancer. Several new drugs are currently being tested in in vitro and in vivo studies and some of them are already being used in clinical trials, like small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the bases of targeted therapies, the principal drugs already tested and also options of redifferentiation therapy for thyroid carcinoma.
Penetration of oligonucleotides into mouse organism through mucosa and skin (1993)

Benzylamide 5'‐ 32 P‐oligonucleotide derivatives were shown to penetrate into mice organism when administered by various routes: intranasally, per os, intravaginally and per rectum. In all cases, the compounds are rapidly accumulated in blood and guts. Analysis of the radioactive material from blood and pancreas revealed intact oligonucleotides. Although concentrations of oligonucleotides in tissues differ considerably by the various methods of administration, the efficiency of delivery is sufficient to consider all the routes as being of therapeutic value. Dose effect on the efficiency of oligonucleotide penetration into mice suggests the transport to be a saturable process. Application of an oligonucleotide lotion on mice ear helices results in reproducible accumulation of radioactivity in the animal tissues. Effectiveness of oligonucleotide delivery into mouse through skin can be improved by using electrophoretic procedure.
Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (1995)

Laparoscopic equipment and instrumentation in general surgery anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic cholesystectomy laparoscopic appendectomy laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy laparoscopic nissen fundoplication laparoscopic vagotomy laparoscopic surgery on the colon and rectum right and left colectomy, colostomy closure and rectopexy minimally invasive endocrine surgery diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy for trauma laparoscopic evaluation and staging of intraabdominal cancer laparoscopic ultrasonography antibiotic prophylaxis in laparoscopic surgery complications of laparoscopic procedures video-assissted thoracic surgery the future of laparoscopic surgery. (Part contents).
Nanosized Ni/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Homogeneous Precipitation in Wet Silica Gel (2001)

A Ni/SiO2 catalyst was prepared by homogeneous precipitation of nickel hydroxide in a sol-gel-derived wet silica gel. The preparation process consists of two successive steps: gelation of silica in the presence of nickel nitrate and urea at 50 degrees C, followed by aging at higher temperature, typically at 80 degrees C, to decompose the urea. The decomposition of urea increases the pH of the solution in the wet gel, leading to the concurrence of structural rearrangement of silica gel and deposition of nickel species. As a result, the structure of the silica changes from a ramified polymeric network into particle aggregates that entrap the nickel cations in the particles. The resulting Ni/SiO2 contains large mesopores that have high thermal stability up to 1000 degrees C and highly dispersed Ni metal particles with typical crystallite size of 4 nm even at high Ni content at 20 wt%.
All-Trans and 9-cis Retinoid Acids Inhibit Proliferation, Migration, and Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inducing Differentiation In Vitro (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 9-cis retinoid acid (9-cis RA) and all-trans RA (ATRA) on proliferation, migratory ability, synthesis of extracellular matrix, intracellular signal transduction, and differentiation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (haSMCs) in vitro. Changes of cell proliferation following incubation with RAs in different doses (10-6 M, 10-7 M, and 10-8 M) were determined directly by proliferation kinetics and indirectly by bromodeoxyuridine enzyme-linked immuno sorbant assays and colony-formation assays. The migratory ability of haSMCs was examined with the help of migration assays. The production of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin was explored by immunostaining. The amounts of total p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their phosphorylated forms were detected with the help of Western blots. To judge the state of differentiation of haSMCs, cell cycle distribution and the pattern of alpha-actin were analyzed. Both RAs clearly inhibited the proliferation of haSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. 9-cis RA had a tendency to be more effective than ATRA. After treatment with RAs, the migratory ability was especially reduced during stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the synthesis of tenascin decreased. Although the total p44/p42 MAPKs were downregulated, the amounts of activated forms increased markedly in the cells incubated with RAs and particularly stimulated with PDGF. The cell-cycle analysis demonstrated an increased G1-phase, complemented by a stronger expression of alpha-actin after treatment. 9-cis RA especially has the potential to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and synthesis of extracellular matrix of haSMCs by inducing differentiation in vitro.
Inverting and latching optical logic gates based on the integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and photothyristors (1992)

Inverting optical logic gates based on the monolithic integration of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a heterojunction photothyristor (PNPN) are described. Logic functions INVERT, NAND, and NOR are experimentally demonstrated for the first time using latchable and cascadable PNPN/VCSEL switches, which can be triggered with very low optical energy, while producing high optical gain and optical contrast. These gates are integrable on a single epitaxial structure to provide multifunctional logic and memory arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The T cell repertoire to a multideterminant antigen. Clonal heterogeneity of the T cell response, variation between syngeneic individuals, and in vitro selection of T cell specificities. (1990)

The specificity of lysozyme-induced T cell proliferative responses by individual B10.A mice was compared by using a panel of three peptides. A surprising degree of variation in the focus of the responses was observed among individual animals, both in the newly isolated lymph node cell populations and in long term T cell lines. The responses to each determinant after hen egg-white lysozyme immunization were not equal and in examining the mice as a group some determinants tended to be dominant. However, despite each animal favoring a restricted number of determinants, the responding T cell populations were still highly heterogeneous. The data suggest that many determinants are involved in the response to the whole Ag. The role of one or more dominant determinants can be overestimated because the degree of heterogeneity in long term T cell lines appears to be less than in freshly obtained lymph node cells, indicating that a process of in vitro selection occurs. We observed that the T cells responsive to one peptide, 46-61, appeared to have a selective advantage in vitro culture.