gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Intra-Abdominal Fat and Age on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function (2004)

The prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes increases with age. To determine whether the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and the insulin response is affected by age and whether the decline in beta-cell function with age is related to increases in intra-abdominal fat or age per se, we studied 220 healthy subjects with fasting glucose <6.1 mmol/l (89 men and 131 women, aged 26-75 years, BMI 18.7-40.4 kg/m(2)). The insulin sensitivity index (S(i)) and the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) were determined, and from these beta-cell function was estimated as the disposition index (S(i) x AIRg). Intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat areas were quantified by computed tomography. S(i) (5.40 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.86 +/- 0.7 x10(-5) min(-1)/[pmol/l]), P < 0.01) was decreased and intra-abdominal fat (117 +/- 10 vs. 81 +/- 9 cm(2), P < 0.05) was increased in the oldest (age 60-75 years) versus the youngest (age 26-44 years) quartile. The hyperbolic relationship between S(i) and AIRg was present independent of age; thus, beta-cell function measured as the disposition index (1,412 +/- 120 vs. 2,125 +/- 150 x10(-5) min(-1), P < 0.01) was lower in the oldest versus the youngest quartile. In multiple regression, intra-abdominal fat (r = -0.470, P < 0.001) but not age was associated with S(i), but both intra-abdominal fat (r = -0.198, P = 0.003) and age (r = -0.131, P = 0.05) were correlated with the disposition index. These data suggest that although intra-abdominal fat is a strong determinant of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, age has an independent effect on beta-cell function that may contribute to the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in older populations.
Gene profiling of the rat medial collateral ligament during early healing using microarray analysis (2011)

Ligament heals in a synchronized and complex series of events. The remodeling process may last months or years. Experimental evidence suggests the damaged ligament does not recover its normal functional properties. Specific mechanisms to prevent scar formation and to regenerate the original mechanical function remain elusive but likely involve regulation of creeping substitution. Creeping substitution creates a larger hypercellular, hypervascular, and disorganized granulation tissue mass that results in an inefficient and nonregenerative wound healing process for the ligament. Control of creeping substitution may limit the extent of this tissue compromise and reduce the time necessary for healing. The objective of this study is to better understand the mechanism behind scar formation by identifying the extracellular matrix factors and other unique genes of interest differentially expressed during rat ligament healing via microarray. For this study, rat medial collateral ligaments were either surgically transected or left intact. Ligaments were collected at day 3 or 7 postinjury and used for microarray, quantitative PCR, and/or immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with the normal intact ligament. We demonstrate that early ligament healing is characterized by the modulation of several inflammatory and extracellular matrix factors during the first week of injury. Specifically, a number of matrix metalloproteinases and collagens are differentially and significantly expressed during early ligament healing. Additionally, we demonstrate the modulation of three novel genes, periostin, collagen-triple helix repeat containing-1, and serine protease 35 in our ligament healing model. Together, control of granulation tissue creeping substitution and subsequent downstream scar formation is likely to involve these factors.
Importance of Functional EGF Receptors in Recovery from Acute Nephrotoxic Injury (2003)

Previous studies have demonstrated increased renal expression of EGF receptor (EGFR) and EGFR ligands in response to acute toxic or ischemic renal tubular injury and have indicated that exogenous administration of EGF accelerates recovery from such injury. However, no studies to date have proved definitively an essential role for EGFR-mediated responses in regeneration after tubule injury. To this end, waved-2 (wa-2) mice, which contain a point mutation in EGFR that reduces receptor tyrosine kinase activity by >90%, were studied. These mice have a mild phenotype (wavy coat, curly whiskers, and runted stature) and normally developed kidneys. Acute nephrotoxic injury was induced in wa-2 and wild-type mice with HgCl(2). One day after HgCl(2) injection, functional renal compromise was comparable in wild-type and wa-2 mice. However, the rates of recovery of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were markedly slower in wa-2 mice. Histologic evidence of tubular injury also was more severe and persisted longer in wa-2 mice. Furthermore, their kidneys demonstrated reduced levels of DNA synthesis and increased TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. These studies indicate that functional EGFR activity is an essential component of the kidney's ability to recover from acute injury and that EGFR may regulate genes involved in growth, repair, and cell survival in the kidney.
Estrogen for Alzheimer’s disease in women (2000)

Although conclusions are limited by small sample size and the possibility of a type II error, results suggest that short-term estrogen therapy does not improve symptoms of most women with AD. These findings do not address possible long-term effects of estrogen in AD, possible interactions between estrogen and other treatment modalities, or putative effects of estrogen in preventing or delaying onset of this disorder.
Exploratory Study of Ventilated Flows About Yawed Surface-Piercing Struts (1959)

Reported herein are the results of observations and measurements made in connection with a study of the phenomenon of the development of atmosphere-connected cavities about surface-piercing struts. Conditions for the existence of such ventilated flows which have been derived from the experimental data are presented. In addition, certain broad conclusions pertinent to model testing and full-scale design are reached. Further experimentation to define the inception of ventilation as a function of boundary-layer state or Reynolds number is required.
Nanodiscs as a New Tool to Examine Lipid–Protein Interactions (2012)

Nanodiscs are self-assembled discoidal fragments of lipid bilayers 8-16 nm in diameter, stabilized in solution by two amphipathic helical scaffold proteins. As stable and highly soluble membrane mimetics with controlled lipid composition and ability to add affinity tags to the scaffold protein, nanodiscs represent an attractive model system for solubilization, isolation, purification, and biophysical and biochemical studies of membrane proteins. In this chapter we overview various approaches to structural and functional studies of different classes of integral membrane proteins such as ion channels, transporters, GPCR and other receptors, membrane enzymes, and blood coagulation cascade proteins which have been incorporated into nanodiscs. We outline the advantages provided by homogeneity, ability to control oligomerization state of the target protein and lipid composition of the bilayer. Special attention is paid to the opportunities afforded by nanodisc system for the detailed studies of the role of different lipid properties and protein-lipid interactions in the functional behavior of membrane proteins.
Enhancement of adhesion and promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells by poled electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride) (2014)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a biocompatible material with excellent electroactive properties. Nonelectroactive α-PVDF and electroactive β-PVDF were used to investigate the substrate polarization and polarity influence on the focal adhesion (FA) size and number as well as on human adipose stem cells (hASCs) differentiation. hASCs were cultured on different PVDF surfaces adsorbed with fibronectin and FA size and number, total adhesion area, cell size, cell aspect ratio and FA density were estimated using cells expressing vinculin fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. Osteogenic differentiation was also determined using a quantitative alkaline phosphatase assay. The surface charge of the poled PVDF films (positive or negative) influenced the hydrophobicity of the samples, leading to variations in the conformation of adsorbed extracellular matrix proteins, which ultimately modulated the stem cell adhesion on the films and induced their osteogenic differentiation.
Effect of policosanol on in vitro and in vivo rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. (1997)

Policosanol, a defined mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic alcohol isolated and purified from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum, L) wax is a new cholesterol-lowering agent effective in experimental models, healthy volunteers, and patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Also, policosanol prevents the onset of spontaneously- and experimentally-induced atherosclerotic lesions and cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Free radicals are linked to many diseases including atherosclerosis and ischemia/ reoxidation cellular injury. Therefore, in this study the authors evaluate the antioxidant activity of policosanol on rat liver microsomes. The extent of lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). When policosanol was administered orally (100 and 250 mg/kg) for up to 4 weeks, a partial prevention of rat in vitro microsomal lipid peroxidation was noted. The formation of TBARS in microsomes isolated from treated rats was significantly decreased by about 50%, when peroxidation was initiated by Fe3+/ADP/ NADPH, Fe2+/ascorbate and CCl4/NADPH-generating system. Also, oral administration of policosanol in rats provides a partial inhibition of lipid peroxidation, but the mechanism supporting such effect remains to be elucidated. This beneficial effect of policosanol on membrane lipid peroxidation may be useful in protecting to some extent against free radical-associated diseases.
Cystinosis (2002)

Cystinosis, a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, is due to impaired transport of cystine from lysosomes. The disease results in deposition of crystals throughout the body; if untreated, it leads to failure to thrive, profound metabolic imbalance, early end-stage renal disease, thyroid failure, and multiorgan dysfunction. As this review describes, substantial progress has been made in our understanding and treatment of this disorder. The administration of cysteamine, each molecule of which can combine with a half-molecule of cystine (cysteine) to facilitate the exit of cystine from the lysosome, has greatly improved the course of the disease. In addition, the gene for cystinosis, CTNS, which encodes a protein called cystinosin, was isolated in 1998, opening new avenues for understanding this condition.
The Pangenome Structure of<i>Escherichia coli</i>: Comparative Genomic Analysis of<i>E. coli</i>Commensal and Pathogenic Isolates (2008)

Whole-genome sequencing has been skewed toward bacterial pathogens as a consequence of the prioritization of medical and veterinary diseases. However, it is becoming clear that in order to accurately measure genetic variation within and between pathogenic groups, multiple isolates, as well as commensal species, must be sequenced. This study examined the pangenomic content of Escherichia coli. Six distinct E. coli pathovars can be distinguished using molecular or phenotypic markers, but only two of the six pathovars have been subjected to any genome sequencing previously. Thus, this report provides a seminal description of the genomic contents and unique features of three unsequenced pathovars, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and enteroaggregative E. coli. We also determined the first genome sequence of a human commensal E. coli isolate, E. coli HS, which will undoubtedly provide a new baseline from which workers can examine the evolution of pathogenic E. coli. Comparison of 17 E. coli genomes, 8 of which are new, resulted in identification of approximately 2,200 genes conserved in all isolates. We were also able to identify genes that were isolate and pathovar specific. Fewer pathovar-specific genes were identified than anticipated, suggesting that each isolate may have independently developed virulence capabilities. Pangenome calculations indicate that E. coli genomic diversity represents an open pangenome model containing a reservoir of more than 13,000 genes, many of which may be uncharacterized but important virulence factors. This comparative study of the species E. coli, while descriptive, should provide the basis for future functional work on this important group of pathogens.
Discrimination of Glucose from Its Interferences Using an Amperometric Sensor Based on Electrochemical Nonlinearity (1998)

We propose a novel sensing system based on the multidimensional information contained in a dynamic nonlinear response. A sinusoidal potential was applied to an amperometric-type glucose sensor, and the resulting current of the sensor was analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The amplitudes of the higher harmonics of FFT characterize the nonlinear properties of the response. The amplitudes of the higher harmonics of FFT exhibit characteristic changes which depend on the concentrations and the kinetics of the reactions of glucose and its interferences at the sensor surface. The dynamic nonlinear responses in the presence of an interference consist of the individual responses of the individual samples (glucose and the interference), and it is possible to determine the concentrations of both glucose and the interference on the basis of the amplitudes of the higher harmonics of FFT.
Preparation of Thermochromic VO<sub>2</sub>Thin Films on Fused Silica and Soda-lime Glass by RF Magnetron Sputtering (2002)

The VO2 thin films were deposited on fused silica and soda-lime glass by RF magnetron sputtering and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BIORAD FTS 6000 spectrometer. The influence of stress on the phase transition temperature and shape was also discussed.
Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae: a paradigm for changing concepts in prokaryote systematics (2011)

The halophilic Archaea of the family Halobacteriaceae (36 genera with 129 species with standing in nomenclature as of November 2011) provide an excellent example of how changing concepts on prokaryote taxonomy and the development of new methods have influenced the way in which the taxonomy of a single group of prokaryotes is treated. This review gives an overview of the taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae, showing the impact that methods of phenotypic characterization, numerical taxonomy, chemotaxonomy and especially polar lipid analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, multilocus type analysis and comparative genomics have had on their classification.
Differential regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 is critical for 8-Br-cAMP-induced decidualization (2018)

Human endometrium decidualization, a differentiation process involving biochemical and morphological changes, is a prerequisite for embryo implantation and successful pregnancy. Here, we show that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP)-induced decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. The level of mSin1 in mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) and DEPTOR in mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) decreases during 8-Br-cAMP-induced decidualization, resulting in decreased mTORC2 activity and increased mTORC1 activity. Notably, DEPTOR displacement increases the association between raptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), facilitating IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636/639. Finally, both S473 and T308 phosphorylation of Akt are reduced during decidualization, followed by a decrease in forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) phosphorylation and an increase in the mRNA levels of the decidualization markers prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). Taken together, our findings reveal a critical role for mTOR in decidualization, involving the differential regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2.
Speech enhancement based on improved gain function spectral subtraction method (2010)

To effectively overcome voice distortion caused by the traditional spectral subtraction,an improved spectral subtraction is proposed based on using the amendments to the adjacent frames and gain function smoothing method.For the residual musical noise issues,the shortcomings of the traditional spectral subtraction and the causes of musical noise is analyzed,a method based on sub-frame decomposition and recursive smoothing gain function is adopted to improve traditional spectral subtraction.Noisy speech data through the experiments and traditional spectral subtraction and improved spectral subtraction methods are compared and analyzed.Experiment illustrates the improved method effectively reduce the musical noise and increase the enhanced speech intelligibility.
Reservoir characterization: A seismic attributes approach (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Reservoir characterization: A seismic attributes approachAuthors: F. LefeuvreA. ChanetF. LefeuvreTotal, France and A. ChanetTotal Oil Marine, Scotlandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822463 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822463FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION F. Lefeuvre and A. Chanet, (1993), "Reservoir characterization: A seismic attributes approach," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822463 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bidirectional LIGBT on SOI substrate with high frequency and high temperature capability (2002)

This paper presents a bidirectional lateral IGBT on SOI for IC integration exhibiting symmetrical output performance suitable for high frequency applications. The device structure is obtained by reflecting a typical DMOS on the anode side, thus introducing a gate controlled anode short. The short avoids the typical trade-off problem of conduction-loss versus blocking capability at high temperatures. Turn-off speed is improved by a factor of 3, while the maximum controllable current is about 50% higher at 125/spl deg/C.
Rotatable extender for servicing electronic equipment employing nuclear instrument modules (1973)

A modification of the extender rack for servicing Nuclear lnstrument Modules is described. The modification allows the module under test to be rotated to a more accessible position. (auth)
Ultrastructal evidence for a noncellular lining layer of lung alveoli. A critical review (1971)

Postulated need for a surfactant-containing, submicroscopic layer lining mammalian lung alveoli has stimulated electron microscopic search for this layer. Several investigators who performed ultrastructural studies reported finding an alveolar layer. Some studies in which multivalent cationic "stains" were used revealed an adherent layer on alveolar epithelial cells. This is probably a mucopolysaccharide-containing cell coat common to most cells. Other studies illustrated thick homogeneous layers. These may result from blood protein leakage into alveolar air spaces during tissue preparation. Still other studies revealed noncontinuous, single or multiple, osmiophilic, thin membranes. These may represent the sought-for alveolar lining layer. Newer methods using tissue freezing offer promise for resolving the question of layer presence. Convincing ultrastructural evidence for a continuous surfactant-containing layer on the alveolar surface has not yet been obtained.
Atrial pacemaker leads compared (1990)

In order to analyze the impact of different polarity and electrode designs on the acute pacing and sensing characteristics of pacemaker leads, 80 patients with complete heart block or sinus node dysfunction undergoing pacemaker implantation received eight different leads from five manufacturers. Once the leads were positioned, volt and current thresholds, P wave, peak-to-peak, and slew rate were assessed prospectively. There was no statistically significant difference between acute pacing thresholds, sensing characteristics, or unipolar and bipolar pacing thresholds. Active fixation leads allow atrial mapping and lead placement in areas generally inaccessible to tined tip leads. This is an advantage, especially for patients with a history of open heart surgery.
The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-1 encodes an ETS-domain protein and defines a branch of the vulval induction pathway. (1995)

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-1 appears to act after the Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK signaling cascade that mediates vulval induction. We show that lin-1 is a negative regulator of vulval cell fates and encodes an ETS-domain putative transcription factor containing potential MAPK phosphorylation sites. In lin-1 null mutants, the vulval precursor cells (VPCs) still respond to signaling from the gonadal anchor cell, indicating that lin-1 defines a branch of the inductive signaling pathway. We also provide evidence that the inductive and lateral signaling pathways are integrated to control the 1 degree and 2 degrees vulval cell fates after the point at which lin-1 acts in the inductive pathway and that VPCs can assess the relative rather than absolute levels of inductive and lateral signaling in determining whether to express the 1 degree or 2 degrees vulval cell fates.
New Method for Noise-Parameter Measurement of a Mismatched Linear Two-Port Using Noise Power Wave Formalism (2008)

The noise power wave formalism is used to extract the noise parameters from the noise power measurement. A first step consists of calibrating the measurement setup. We only assume that the receiver is unidirectional. The noise parameters are then deduced from power measurements with analytical relations with no further assumptions.
Determination of Total Hydroxyproline and Proline in Human Serum and Urine by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. (1996)

A method to measure total hydroxyproline (Hyp) and proline (Pro) in human serum and urine by HPLC was developed. Hyp and Pro in acid hydrolysates of serum and urine were derivatized with 4-(5,6-dimethoxy-2-phthalimidinyl)phenysulfonyl chloride after treatment with o-phthaladehyde and cleanup on Bond Elut C18 column. The derivatives of imino acids were separated on a reversed phase column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (1 mmol/l, pH 7) and detected by fluorescence measurement at 315 nm (excitation) and 385 nm (emission). Detection limits for both Hyp and Pro were 10 fmol per injection. The within-day and day-to-day relative standard deviations for Hyp and Pro in serum and urine were less than 3.19%. The recoveries of Hyp and Pro added to serum and urine were about 100%. The present method was applied to determine total Hyp and Pro in serum and urine from normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure.