gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Carbocycle-Fused Indoles via Arylation of Silyl Enol Ethers with <i>o</i>-Nitrophenylphenyliodonium Fluoride (1999)

[formula: see text] A new, regiocontrolled synthesis of carbocycle-fused indoles has been developed. The two-step procedure involves first the regiospecific arylation of silyl enol ethers with o-nitrophenylphenyliodonium fluoride (1). Reduction of the nitro group on the aromatic ring with TiCl3 followed by spontaneous condensation of the aniline with the ketone then affords the indole products.
In Vivo Measurement of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Density in Parkinson Disease with <sup>18</sup>F-AV-133 (2010)

These findings indicate that the novel (18)F-labeled ligand (18)F-AV-133 can sensitively detect monoaminergic terminal reductions in PD patients. Studies with (18)F-AV-133 may allow the presymptomatic identification of individuals with disorders characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents.
Evidence for autonomic nervous system dysfunction in females with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (2011)

These results suggest ANS dysfunction, predominantly a sympathetic ANS dysfunction, is associated with iOAB, specifically in patients with iOAB without DO.
Role of Mechanophore Orientation in Mechanochemical Reactions (2011)

The orientation of force-sensitive chemical species (mechanophores) in bulk polymers was measured via the anisotropy of fluorescence polarization. Orientation measurements were utilized to investigate the role of mechanophore alignment on mechanically driven chemical reactions. The mechanophore, spiropyran (SP), was covalently bonded into the backbone of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers. Under UV light or tensile force, SP reacts to a merocyanine (MC) form, which exhibits a strong fluorescence, polarized roughly across the long axis of the MC subspecies. An order parameter was calculated, based on the anisotropy of fluorescence polarization, to characterize the orientation of the MC subspecies relative to tensile force. For UV-activated SP-linked PMA samples, the order parameter increased with applied strain, up to an order parameter of approximately 0.5. Significantly higher order parameters were obtained for mechanically activated SP-linked PMA samples, indicating preferential mechanochemical activation of species oriented in the tensile direction. The anisotropy of fluorescence polarization in SP-linked PMMA also provided insight on polymer drawing and polymer relaxation at failure.
RISK MANAGMENT IN THE VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS (2010)

Quantitative analytical methods play a central role in all activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, it is on the results obtained from analytical laboratories that are taken all the critical decisions such as batch release of a drug product, establishment and verification of shelf life, pharmacokinetic studies, and so on. The reliability of these decisions depends obviously on the quality of the results provided by these methods. Furthermore, an increasing focus is actually made on the analysis, understanding and prediction of the statistical risks associated with these measurement results. Therefore, it is crucial to know and manage these risks during the method validation phase which is the first step of the life cycle of any quantitative analytical method. It is also important to keep in mind that the objective of any analytical method is to be able to quantify as accurately as possible each of the unknown quantities that the laboratory will have to determine. In this context, a recently methodology consists in using accuracy profiles based on β-expectation tolerance intervals for the total measurement error (including both bias and standard deviation) of validation samples and on acceptance limits fixed a priori. Such an approach allows evaluating the proportion of expected measurements inside these limits. The accuracy profile is a simple and visual decision tool allowing to evaluate the ability of the method to quantify while controlling the risks to obtain results Out Of Specification (OOS) in routine analysis. Examples illustrating the usefulness as well as the predictive character of the accuracy profile in the validation phase will be presented. Using the proposed approach, each analyst can predict the quality of the results that he will provide and thus earn confidence in the subsequent critical decisions made.
The Prohibition of Group-Based Stereotypes in Jury Selection Procedures (1980)

2. Id. at 528 (emphasis added).A petit jury is the final jury panel which eventually returns the verdict in a jury case.See note 6 and accompanying text infra.3. 419 U.S. at 528.The sixth amendment provides in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed ...." U.S. CONST.amend.VI.The sixth amendment is applicable to the states through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.
Modeling of Eye’s response in Viewing 3D Light Field Display (2017)

We presented a generalized model capable of rendering eye’s response in viewing a 3D light field display. The simulation shows that it is a convenient tool to correctly represent the eye’s response and further analyze the accuracy of focus cues.
Rotor Side Control of Wells Turbine Driven Variable Speed Constant Frequency Induction Generator (2005)

Abstract Wave energy can meet a sizeable portion of the world's energy needs. For countries having long coastlines, wave energy conversion is an attractive proposition. Wells turbine driven grid–connected systems with squirrel cage induction generators have been in existence; however, rotor–side control of grid–connected induction machine is an attractive option for variable speed constant frequency operation. The power rating of the converter can be considerably reduced when used in the rotor circuit over a limited slip range (approximately 50%). Since the stator is directly connected to the grid, the stator flux is constant over the entire operating region. Therefore, the torque can be maintained at its rated value even above synchronous speed. This article describes the simulation of a rotor side chopper controller for wave energy.
Variational segmentation of elongated volumetric structures (2010)

We present an interactive approach for segmenting thin volumetric structures. The proposed segmentation model is based on an anisotropic weighted Total Variation energy with a global volumetric constraint and is minimized using an efficient numerical approach and a convex relaxation. The algorithm is globally optimal w.r.t. the relaxed problem for any volumetric constraint. The binary solution of the relaxed problem equals the globally optimal solution of the original problem. Implemented on today's user-programmable graphics cards, it allows real-time user interaction. The method is applied to and evaluated on the task of articular cartilage segmentation of human knee joints and segmentation of tubular structures like liver vessels and airway trees.
Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes as a potential source of identifying tumor antigen in human lung cancer. (2002)

Functional studies using freshly isolated tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes(TIB) are difficult to perform and interpret. Here we document a novel function of TIB using fresh human lung cancer tissues engrafted in SCID mice; they are at activated state and produce tumor-specific antibodies in tumor microenvironment: (a) TIB engrafted in SCID mice produced human IgG; (b) IgG derived from TIB highly bound intracellular and membrane-bound antigens of autologous cancer cells; and (c) less recognition of autoantigens expressed on normal lymphocytes by IgG derived from TIB compared with IgG from the serum of the patient. On the basis of the novel findings presented in this study, we modified the original serological analysis of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning design in a patient with lung cancer who expressed unusually favorable clinical evolution and analyzed humoral immunity against identified mutated p53 antigen. This study provides the first demonstration that antibodies derived from TIB recognize tumor antigens by serological analysis of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning methodology and circulating anti-p53 antibodies in sera derived from TIB in tumor microenvironment. Our approach using TIB may allow the identification of key antigens in the humoral cancer-related immune system.
Controlling spectral dynamics in LPC quantization for perceptual enhancement (2002)

Taking the evolution of spectral parameters into consideration in speech coding has been shown to enhance the perceptual performance. In this study we examine and compare two methods that are designed for explicit control of spectral dynamics. One method operates on the encoder part of the coding system by incorporating a constraint in the distortion measure and the other method smoothes the trajectory of output vectors at the decoder side. The decoder method requires however an additional coding delay of one frame. By means of listening experiments it is demonstrated for three different vector quantizer structures that especially the decoder method gives significant improvements. For noisy channels, the preference for this method is even more emphasized.
Myeloid-targeted immunotherapies act in synergy to induce inflammation and antitumor immunity (2018)

Eliciting effective antitumor immune responses in patients who fail checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a critical challenge in cancer immunotherapy, and in such patients, tumor-associated myeloid cells and macrophages (TAMs) are promising therapeutic targets. We demonstrate in an autochthonous, poorly immunogenic mouse model of melanoma that combination therapy with an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb and CSF-1R inhibitor potently suppressed tumor growth. Microwell assays to measure multiplex protein secretion by single cells identified that untreated tumors have distinct TAM subpopulations secreting MMP9 or cosecreting CCL17/22, characteristic of an M2-like state. Combination therapy reduced the frequency of these subsets, while simultaneously inducing a separate polyfunctional inflammatory TAM subset cosecreting TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12. Tumor suppression by this combined therapy was partially dependent on T cells, and on TNF-α and IFN-γ. Together, this study demonstrates the potential for targeting TAMs to convert a "cold" into an "inflamed" tumor microenvironment capable of eliciting protective T cell responses.
End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) Over Internet (2008)

AbstractWith the significant increase in traffic on the internet in the recent past and the resources on the internet being shared, the need of end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantee has become critical. The existing QoS mechanisms provide the path selection mechanism in distributed manner which do not necessarily support the end-to-end QoS requirements. We build upon the routing control platform concepts to propose an evolutionary framework which provides help for optimal end-to-end QoS support.The proposed end-to-end QoS framework fall under three distinct planes: session control plane, network control plane, and data forwarding plane. This framework also introduces a novel concept of AS Designated QoS Provider Entities to assist each autonomous system in information exchange, decision making, and signaling spanning across these planes. In this paper, we describe architectural requirements, choices for end-to-end QoS framework, and implementation scheme.
Constant Power Loads and Negative Impedance Instability in Automotive Systems: Definition, Modeling, Stability, and Control of Power Electronic Converters and Motor Drives (2006)

Power electronic converters and electric motor drives are being put into use at an increasingly rapid rate in advanced automobiles. However, the new advanced automotive electrical systems employ multivoltage level hybrid ac and dc as well as electromechanical systems that have unique characteristics, dynamics, and stability problems that are not well understood due to the nonlinearity and time dependency of converters and because of their constant power characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the negative impedance instability concept of the constant power loads (CPLs) in automotive power systems. The main focus of this paper is to analyze and propose design criteria of controllers for automotive converters/systems operating with CPLs. The proposed method is to devise a new comprehensive approach to the applications of power electronic converters and motor drives in advanced automotive systems. Sliding-mode and feedback linearization techniques along with large-signal phase plane analysis are presented as methods to analyze, control, and stabilize automotive converters/systems with CPLs
An anatomically oriented breast model for MRI (2015)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the western world. In the breast cancer care-cycle, MRIis e.g. employed in lesion characterization and therapy assessment. Reading of a single three dimensional image or comparing a multitude of such images in a time series is a time consuming task. Radiological reporting is done manually by translating the spatial position of a finding in an image to a generic representation in the form of a breast diagram, outlining quadrants or clock positions. Currently, registration algorithms are employed to aid with the reading and interpretation of longitudinal studies by providing positional correspondence. To aid with the reporting of findings, knowledge about the breast anatomy has to be introduced to translate from patient specific positions to a generic representation. In our approach we fit a geometric primitive, the semi-super-ellipsoid to patient data. Anatomical knowledge is incorporated by fixing the tip of the super-ellipsoid to the mammilla position and constraining its center-point to a reference plane defined by landmarks on the sternum. A coordinate system is then constructed by linearly scaling the fitted super-ellipsoid, defining a unique set of parameters to each point in the image volume. By fitting such a coordinate system to a different image of the same patient, positional correspondence can be generated. We have validated our method on eight pairs of baseline and follow-up scans (16 breasts) that were acquired for the assessment of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. On average, the location predicted and the actual location of manually set landmarks are within a distance of 5.6 mm. Our proposed method allows for automatic reporting simply by uniformly dividing the super-ellipsoid around its main axis.
Late Breaking Abstract - First-in-Human Results of Bronchial Rheoplasty: An Endobronchial Treatment For Chronic Bronchitis (CB) (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> CB patients may benefit from ablation of mucus-producing airway cells. Bronchial Rheoplasty is a new procedure in which Pulsed Electric Fields are delivered to the airways via an endobronchial catheter. Preclinical studies demonstrated epithelial ablation and rapid regeneration with this technique. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with symptomatic CB underwent Bronchial Rheoplasty under general anesthesia, performed on the right-sided airways first, followed by left side treatment one month later. Endobronchial cryobiopsies were obtained before treatment and at follow up and evaluated by an independent blinded core lab. Changes in symptoms, quality of life and pulmonary function were assessed. <b>Results:</b> 25 patients with CB were enrolled (62.5% male, age 66.3±7.6 yrs, Post-BD FEV1 59.0±16.1%). There were no serious adverse events associated with Rheoplasty. Non-serious adverse events included COPD exacerbations (36% of patients), mild hemoptysis (40%), and dyspnea (12%). A reduction in goblet cell hyperplasia was measured in 63.6% of treated airways (p <0.01). Mean CAT and SGRQ scores at 6-months (n=13) were -7.8±9.1 points (p< 0.01) and -19.0±24.4 points (p<0.05), respectively. There were no significant changes in pulmonary function. <b>Conclusion:</b> Early results demonstrate safety and feasibility of Bronchial Rheoplasty in CB patients. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Real-Time Room Equalization Based on Complex Smoothing: Robustness Results (2004)

The aim of this study is to investigate the robustness of room acoustics real-time equalization using inverse filters derived from the Complex Smoothing of the Transfer Function using perceptual criteria. The robustness of the method is assessed by real-time tests which compare the performance of Complex Smoothing-based equalization (for different filter lengths) with the traditional, ideal inverse filtering, over a range of room locations, which differ to the ones where response measurements were taken. Objective measurements and audio examples will show that the Complex Smoothing-based equalization performance is largely immune to position changes and does not introduce processing artifacts, problems affecting the traditional ideal inversion.
MHD pulsed power generation and applications (2005)

We have been proposing to use a closed cycle disk MHD (CCMHD) generator as an alternative of an open cycle linear generator for applications to portable pulsed power supply. High reliability and high durability can be expected with this CCMHD system due to relatively lower gas temperature with high electrical performance. Dynamic behavior of CCMHD generator at the self-excited mode was studied numerically. Stable with high-efficiency operation can be expected. Optimization of operating condition was carried out to minimize start up time. Predicted rise time was shorter than 5 seconds. Applicability of this CCMHD system to electro-magnetic launcher has been examined.
GEM-3: A Monostatic Broadband Electromagnetic Induction Sensor (1997)

We have designed, fabricated, and field-tested a new, unique, monostatic, broadband, electromagnetic sensor for subsurface geophysical investigation. The sensing unit consists of a pair of concentric, circular coils that transmit a continuous, broadband, digitally-controlled, electromagnetic waveform. The two transmitter coils, with precisely computed dimensions and placement, create a zone of magnetic cavity (viz., an area with a vanishing primary magnetic flux) at the center of the two coils. A third receiving coil is placed within this magnetic cavity so that it senses only the weak, secondary field returned from the earth and buried targets. This monostatic configuration has many advantages including (1) compact sensor head, (2) a large transmitter moment, (3) high spatial resolution, (4) no spatial distortion of an anomaly common to bistatic sensors, (5) circular symmetry that greatly simplifies mathematical description, and, therefore, (6) simplified forward and inverse modeling processes. Three prototype GEM-3 units have been built and tested at various environmental sites, including those containing unexploded ordnance and land mines.
Precipitation kinetics of a continuous precipitator, with application to the precipitation of ammonium polyuranate (1978)

A mathematical model describing the kinetics of continuous precipitation was developed which accounts for crystal nucleation, crystal growth, primary coagulation, and secondary coagulation. Population density distributions, average particle sizes, dominant particle sizes, and suspension density fractions of the crystallites, primary agglomerates, and secondary agglomerates leaving the continuous precipitator can be determined. This kinetic model was applied to the continuous precipitation of ammonium polyuranate, which consists of: (1) elementary crystals, (2) clusters or primary coagulated particles, and (3) agglomerates or secondary coagulated particles. The crystallites are thin, submicron, hexagonal platelets. The clusters had an upper size limit of about 7 ..mu.. in diameter and contained numerous small voids (less than 0.3 ..mu..m) due to the packing of the crystallites. The agglomerates had an upper size limit of about 40 ..mu..m in diameter and contained large voids (approximately 1 ..mu..m). The particle size distribution and particle structure of the ammonium polyuranate precipitate can be controlled through proper regulation of the precipitation conditions. The ratio of clusters to agglomerates can be best controlled through the uranium concentration, and the cohesiveness or internal bonding strength of the particles can be controlled with the ammonium to uranium reacting feed mole ratio. These two conditions, in conjunction with the residence time, will determine the nucleation rates, growth rates, and size distributions of the particles leaving the continuous precipitator. With proper control of these physical particle characteristics, the use of pore formers, ball-milling, and powder blending can probably be eliminated from the nuclear fuel fabrication process, substantially reducing the cost.
A comprehensive physical model for light reflection (1991)

A new general reflectance model for computer graphics is presented. The model is based on physical optics and describes specular, directional diffuse, and uniform diffuse reflection by a surface. The reflected light pattern depends on wavelength, incidence angle, two surface roughness parameters, and surface refractive index. The formulation is self consistent in terms of polarization, surface roughness, masking/shadowing, and energy. The model applies to a wide range of materials and surface finishes and provides a smooth transition from diffuse-like to specular reflection as the wavelength and incidence angle are increased or the surface roughness is decreased. The model is analytic and suitable for Computer Graphics applications. Predicted reflectance distributions compare favorably with experiment. The model is applied to metallic, nonmetallic, and plastic materials, with smooth and rough surfaces.
Diabetes, Glucose, Insulin, and Heart Rate Variability (2005)

Cardiac autonomic impairment appears to be present at early stages of diabetic metabolic impairment, and progressive worsening of autonomic cardiac function over 9 years was observed in diabetic subjects. The degree to which pre-diabetic metabolic impairments in insulin and glucose metabolism contribute to decreases in cardiac autonomic function remains to be determined.
Thymosins: chemistry and biological properties in health and disease (2004)

AbstractThis paper will review the historical background that has generated our present interest in the actions of the thymosins in biological therapy. It will also discuss the multiple actions of the thymosins in the immune, endocrine and central nervous systems. The isolation from the thymus gland of the thymosins, a family of biologically active molecules with hormone-like properties, was first described in 1966 by AL Goldstein and A White. Since that time, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of the thymosins in immunity and the nature of the growth factors, cytokines and chemokines they modulate. The thymosins include a family of biochemically and functionally distinct polypeptides with clinically important physiological properties. In the early 1970s, preclinical studies establishing the immunorestorative effects of a partially purified thymosin preparation termed thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) provided the scientific foundation for the first clinical trials with TF5 in 1974. TF5 was effective in turning on the immune systems of a number of children with DiGeorge syndrome and other thymic dysplasias. These trials led to further interest in the active components in TF5 and to the chemical characterisation of the biologically active thymosins. Several of these molecules are showing significant promise in the clinic in the areas of cancer, infectious diseases and wound healing.KeywordsactinangiogenesischemokinescytokinesneuroendocrineT cellsthymic peptidesthymosin α1thymosin β4wound healing