gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic acid reduction of active chlorine prior to determining Ames mutagenicity of chlorinated natural organic matter (NOM) (2000)

Many potable water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that result from the reaction of natural organic matter (NOM) with oxidizing chlorine are known or suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. The Ames assay is routinely used to assess an overall level of mutagenicity for all compounds in samples from potable water supplies or laboratory studies of DBP formation. Reduction of oxidizing disinfectants is required since these compounds can kill the bacteria or react with the agar, producing chlorinated byproducts. When mutagens are collected by passing potable water through adsorbing resins, active chlorine compounds react with the resin, producing undesirable mutagenic artifacts. The bioanalytical and chemoanalytical needs of drinking water DBP studies required a suitable reductant. Many of the candidate compounds failed to meet those needs, including 2,4-hexadienoic (sorbic) acid, 2,4-pentanedione (acetylacetone), 2-butenoic (crotonic) acid, 2-butenedioic (maleic and fumaric) acids and buten-2-ol (crotyl alcohol). Candidates were rejected if they (1) reacted too slowly with active chlorine, (2) formed mutagenic byproducts, or (3) interfered in the quantitation of known chlorination DBPs. L-Ascorbic acid reacts rapidly and stoichiometrically with active chlorine and has limited interactions with halogenated DBPs. In this work, we found no interference from L-ascorbic acid or its oxidation product (dehydroascorbic acid) in mutagenicity assays of chlorinated NOM using Salmonella typhimurium TA100, with or without metabolic activation (S9). This was demonstrated for both aqueous solutions of chlorinated NOM and concentrates derived from the involatile, ether-extractable chlorinated byproducts of those solutions.
Improvement of Low-Contrast Detectability in Low-Dose Hepatic Multidetector Computed Tomography Using a Novel Adaptive Filter (2005)

The radiation dose can be reduced by 50% without loss of nodule detectability by applying the adaptive noise reduction filter to simulated and patient liver images obtained at MDCT.
A multi-electrode glow discharge ionization source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry (2020)

A novel multi-electrode glow discharge provides increased sensitivity and analytical flexibility for both atomic and molecular MS determinations.
The effect of pH on ruminal methanogenesis (1996)

When a fistulated cow was fed an all forage diet, ruminal pH remained more or less constant (6.7 to 6.9). The ruminal pH of a concentrate-fed cow decreased dramatically in the period soon after feeding, and the pH was as low as 5.45. Mixed ruminal bacteria from the forage-fed cow converted CO2 and H2 to methane, but the ruminal fluid from the concentrate-fed cow did not produce methane. When the pH of the ruminal fluid from the concentrate-fed cow was adjusted to pH 7.0, methane was eventually detected, and the absolute rate constant of methane production was as high as the one observed with ruminal fluid from the forage fed cow (0.32 h−1). Based on the zero-time intercepts of methane production, it appeared that the concentrate-fed cow had fewer methanogens than the forage-fed cow. When the mixed ruminal bacteria were incubated in a basal medium containing 100 mM acetate, methanogenesis was pH-dependent, and no methane was detected at pH values less than 6.0. Because the removal of acetic acid completely reversed the inhibition of methanogenesis, it appeared that volatile fatty acids were causing the pH-dependent inhibition. Based on these results, concentrate diets that lower ruminal pH may provide a practical means of decreasing ruminal methane production.
In-medium chiral effective Lagrangian description of nuclear matter and Walecka-type mean-field models (2003)

With the help of the pion medium effects, we investigate the finite-density nuclear system based on the non-linear chiral Lagrangian at leading order. At the mean-field level, an effective Lagrangian is constructed without including the usual scalar-isoscalar meson phenomenologically. It is shown that the chiral Lagrangian description of bulk nuclear matter is compatible with that from the Walecka-type mean-field models.
Improving dynamic response of power factor correctors by using series-switching post-regulator (2002)

A new method to improve the dynamic response of power factor correctors (PFC) is described in this paper. The method is based on the use of a new very highly efficient post-regulator, called a series-switching post-regulator. This new post-regulator exhibits very high efficiency due to the fact that only a part of the total power undergoes a power conversion process. The proposed post-regulator can be used with any PFC topology (either with or without a transformer) with no modifications in the topology, and can be easily protected against short-circuits.
Rat vitamin D binding protein. Determination of the full-length primary structure from cloned cDNA. (1986)

Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is an abundant serum glycoprotein secreted by the liver which transports vitamin D sterols, binds to actin, and is found on the surface of B-lymphocytes and subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. In the current study, a cDNA to rat DBP mRNA was cloned from a bacteriophage lambda gt 11 rat liver expression library. This DBP cDNA clone was identified by immunoblotting and its identity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of a 54-kDa protein after hybrid-assisted translation. Northern analysis and primer extension mapping of rat liver mRNA indicated that the full-length DBP mRNA contains 1700 bases. By DNA sequence analysis this 1655-base pair clone contains a single open reading frame encoding the 476-amino acid containing full-length DBP and includes its 16-amino acid signal sequence. Analysis of the sequence reveals about 40% nucleotide and 23% amino acid homology to both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. The encoded DBP contains a characteristic placement of cysteine residues, identical to that in albumin, suggesting a similar secondary folding structure. Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein are composed of three internally homologous domains. DBP mRNA terminates 122 amino acids before the larger albumin mRNA in the third internal domain, but retains the characteristic homology among the first two domains and the truncated portion of the third domain. These data support the conclusion that DBP is a member of a multigene family which includes albumin and alpha-fetoprotein.
Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane‐induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis by a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, 1′‐Acetoxychavicol Acetate (1997)

In our studies to find natural compounds with chemopreventive efficacy in foods, using azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and colonic mucosal cell proliferation as biomarkers, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), present in the edible plant Languas galanga from Thailand was found to be effective. This study was conducted to test the ability of ACA to inhibit AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis when it was fed to rats during the initiation or post-initiation phase. Male F344 rats were given three weekly s.c. injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) to induce colonic neoplasms. They were fed diet containing 100 or 500 ppm ACA for 4 weeks, starting one week before the first dosing of AOM (the initiation feeding). The other groups were fed the ACA diet for 34 weeks, starting one week after the last AOM injection (the post-initiation feeding). At the termination of the study (week 38), AOM had induced 71% incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma (12/17 rats). The initiation feeding with ACA caused significant reduction in the incidence of colon carcinoma (54% inhibition by 100 ppm ACA feeding and 77% inhibition by 500 ppm ACA feeding, P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). The post-initiation feeding with ACA also suppressed the incidence of colonic carcinoma (45% inhibition by 100 ppm ACA feeding and 93% inhibition by 500 ppm ACA feeding, P = 0.06 and P = 0.00003, respectively). Such inhibition was dose-dependent and was associated with suppression of proliferation biomarkers, such as ornithine decarboxylase activity in the colonic mucosa, and blood and colonic mucosal polyamine contents. ACA also elevated the activities of phase II enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), in the liver and colon. These results indicate that ACA could inhibit the development of AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis through its suppression of cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa and its induction of GST and QR. The results confirm our previous finding that ACA feeding effectively suppressed the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci. These findings suggest possible chemopreventive ability of ACA against colon tumorigenesis.
Identification of Epi64, a Tbc/Rabgap Domain–Containing Microvillar Protein That Binds to the First PDZ Domain of Ebp50 and E3karp (2001)

The cortical scaffolding proteins EBP50 (ERM-binding phosphoprotein-50) and E3KARP (NHE3 kinase A regulatory protein) contain two PDZ (PSD-95/DlgA/ZO-1-like) domains followed by a COOH-terminal sequence that binds to active ERM family members. Using affinity chromatography, we identified polypeptides from placental microvilli that bind the PDZ domains of EBP50. Among these are 64- and/or 65-kD differentially phosphorylated polypeptides that bind preferentially to the first PDZ domain of EBP50, as well as to E3KARP, and that we call EPI64 (EBP50-PDZ interactor of 64 kD). The gene for human EPI64 lies on chromosome 22 where nine exons specify a protein of 508 residues that contains a Tre/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC)/rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain. EPI64 terminates in DTYL, which is necessary for binding to the PDZ domains of EBP50, as a mutant ending in DTYLA no longer interacts. EPI64 colocalizes with EBP50 and ezrin in syncytiotrophoblast and cultured cell microvilli, and this localization in cultured cells is abolished by introduction of the DTYLA mutation. In addition to EPI64, immobilized EBP50 PDZ domains retain several polypeptides from placental microvilli, including an isoform of nadrin, a rhoGAP domain-containing protein implicated in regulating vesicular transport. Nadrin binds EBP50 directly, probably through its COOH-terminal STAL sequence. Thus, EBP50 appears to bind membrane proteins as well as factors potentially involved in regulating membrane traffic.
Enhancement of Faraday rotation in a fibre Fabry-Perot cavity (1990)

The enhancement of Faraday rotation in a rare-earth iron garnet plate inside a fibre Fabry-Perot resonator is demonstrated. An enhancement factor of seven is obtained with a resonator finesse of 10.
Aging retinal function is improved by near infrared light (670 nm) that is associated with corrected mitochondrial decline (2017)

Aging is associated with cellular decline and reduced function, partly mediated by mitochondrial compromise. However, aged mitochondrial function is corrected with near infrared light (670 nm) that improves their membrane potentials and adenosine triphosphate production and also reduces age-related inflammation. We ask if 670 nm light can also improve declining retinal function. Electroretinograms were measured in 2-, 7-, and 12-month old C57BL/6 mice. Significant age-related declines were measured in the photoreceptor generated a-wave and the postreceptoral b-wave. Seven- and 12-month-old mice were exposed to 670 nm for 15 minutes daily over 1 month. These showed significant improved retinal function in both waves of approximately 25% but did not reach levels found in 2-month-old animals. Our data suggest, 670 nm light can significantly improve aged retinal function, perhaps by providing additional adenosine triphosphate production for photoreceptor ion pumps or reduced aged inflammation. This may have implications for the treatment of retinal aging and age-related retinal disease, such as macular degeneration.
Plasma D-Dimers in the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism (2002)

Clinical suspicion for venous thromboembolism (VTE) mandates objective testing to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. However, current imaging modalities are imperfect because of a small but important risk of complications with invasive techniques or limited sensitivity with noninvasive ones. A diagnostic tool for VTE is needed that is noninvasive and highly accurate, allowing immediate treatment decisions to be made in most cases. Plasma D-dimers (D-ds), specific cross-linked fibrin derivatives, partially fulfill these criteria in that they are sensitive markers for thrombosis but lack specificity. They therefore cannot be used to make a positive diagnosis of VTE; however, they generally have high negative predictive value and are useful as an exclusionary test, a potentially important role given that VTE is eventually ruled out in most patients investigated. Clinical management studies are clarifying the role of D-ds in the diagnostic paradigm of VTE: negative ultrasound and D-d findings obviate the need for serial imaging in suspected deep vein thrombosis, and anticoagulant therapy can be safely withheld in patients with non-high clinical suspicion for pulmonary embolism and non-high probability ventilation perfusion scan if D-d test results are negative. More recently, the combination of a negative SimpliRED (AGEN Biomedical Ltd, Brisbane, Australia) D-d result and low clinical suspicion derived using a formal scoring system has been shown to exclude deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to obviate the need for imaging. Several different D-d assays are now available, and clinicians should be aware of the performance characteristics of the test used before incorporation into diagnostic algorithms as these will differ between assays, and the results of clinical management studies cannot necessarily be safely extrapolated to assays other than those specifically evaluated. If alternative assays are to be substituted, these should consistently have been shown to possess equivalent or greater sensitivity.
Role of Stromal and Epithelial Estrogen Receptors in Vaginal Epithelial Proliferation, Stratification, and Cornification (1998)

Estradiol 17-β (E2) induces epithelial proliferation, stratification, and cornification in vaginal epithelium. Our aim was to determine the respective roles of epithelial and stromal estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in these E2-induced events. Vaginal epithelium (E) and stroma (S) from adult ERα knockout (ko) and wild-type (wt) neonatal Balb/c mice were enzymatically separated and used to produce four types of tissue recombinants in which epithelium, stroma, or both lack functional ERα. Tissue recombinants were grafted into female nude mice, which were subsequently ovariectomized and treated with oil or E2. In response to E2 treatment, grafts prepared with wt-S (wt-S + wt-E and wt-S + ko-E) showed similar large increases in epithelial labeling index, indicating that E2 stimulated epithelial proliferation despite a lack of epithelial ERα in wt-S + ko-E tissue recombinants. Conversely, in tissue recombinants prepared with ko-S (ko-S + wt-E and ko-S + ko-E), epithelial labeling index remained at baseline levels after E2 or oil treatment, even though epithelial ERα were detected in ko-S + wt-E grafts. Epithelial cornification was present in wt-S + wt-E grafts from E2-treated hosts, whereas epithelium in all other tissue recombinants failed to cornify. Grafts composed of wt-S + wt-E from E2-treated hosts had highly stratified epithelium, whereas epithelial thickness was reduced almost 60% in wt-S + ko-E tissue recombinants grown in E2-treated hosts and was atrophic in all other tissue recombinants. In addition, cytokeratin 10, a marker of epithelial differentiation, was strongly expressed in wt-S + wt-E tissue recombinants grown in E2-treated hosts but was markedly reduced or absent in all other tissue recombinants. These results indicate that E2-induced vaginal epithelial proliferation is mediated indirectly through stromal ERα, consistent with our recent findings in uterus. Conversely, both epithelial and stromal ERα are required for E2-induced cornification and normal epithelial stratification. These are the first known functions attributed to epithelial ERα in vivo and the first time any epithelial response to E2 has been shown to involve both stromal and epithelial ERα.
New Ionic Liquids and Their Antielectrostatic Properties (2001)

The synthesis of 3-alkoxymethyl-1-methylimidazolium, 3-alkoxymethyl-1-hexylimidazolium, and 3-alkoxymethyl-1-butoxymethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate are reported. Fifty-eight salts were synthesized, and 38 of them are new ionic liquids. Trends in the properties of these liquid compounds are discussed. The prepared salts were examined according to their antielectrostatic effect; the surface resistance, half decay time, and maximum voltage induced on polyethylene film were measured. Thus, this work shows that ionic liquids have antielectrostatic properties and that their densities are linearly dependent on the length and kind of substituents in the 1 and 3 positions on the imidazole ring.
Refractory metal nitride rectifying contacts on GaAs (1987)

The electrical characteristics of reactive-sputtered refractory metal nitride contacts on GaAs are investigated for their high-temperature stability after rapid-thermal annealed up to 850 °C for 10 s. It is observed that all the contacts studied, including ZrN/GaAs, TiN/GaAs, and NbN/GaAs systems, show improving rectifying characteristics with annealing temperatures up to 800–850 °C. Not only do they maintain excellent thermal stability and have ideality factors very close to unity, these refractory metal nitride/GaAs contacts actually exhibit a barrier height enhancement ranging from 0.13 eV for NbN/GaAs to 0.30 eV for ZrN/GaAs when contacts are annealed from 500 to 850 °C. Concomitantly, the small-signal capacitance of the contacts decreases with higher annealing temperature. The breakdown characteristics of these contacts become avalanche-like and the breakdown voltages increase by twofold. We have invoked the Shannon contact structure (i.e., metal/p+-GaAs/n-GaAs) to account for these high-temperature induced properties. The p+-GaAs layer formation is attributed to the incorporation of nitrogen into GaAs substrate during sputtering deposition. Comparison between pure refractory metals and their nitride contacts on GaAs are also made with electrical techniques (I–V, C–V) and material characterization techniques (Rutherford backscattering, scanning electron microscopy). Our study suggests that refractory metal nitrides have several advantageous properties for self-aligned GaAs metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor processes.
Diabetic retinopathy. (1993)

The disease must appear in a defined population * The population must be identifiable * The disease must present a health problem * There must be an effective treatment for the disease * Screening must be cost effective in financial terms and concerning quality of life
On the Adsorption of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate on Self-Assembled Alkanethiolate Monolayers:  Influence of Humidity (1999)

Humidity influences the adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on three different organic model interfaces to quite different extents. The model interfaces, characterized by the following tail groups (−OH, −CH3, −COOH), were prepared by solution self-assembly of ω-substituted alkanethiols on gold, and the coadsorption of water and DMMP was followed by a surface acoustic wave sensor and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The surfaces show both quantitative and qualitative differences concerning the interaction with DMMP. Humidity is found to influence the hydrogen bonds formed between DMMP and the tail groups, increasing the strength of interaction. However, the changes in surface coverage of DMMP, as measured by infrared absorption, are not fully registered by the surface acoustic wave sensor, because of a concomitant desorption of water. Indeed there is even a loss in sensor signal due to the presence of humidity in the case of the −COOH-terminated surface, where the strongest interaction with DMMP is found. After compensation for the loss of water, the coverage of DMMP increases with the relative humidity on the OH surface and decreases with the relative humidity on the COOH surface. The consequences of the results are discussed in terms of their impact on the design of sensing interfaces based on hydrogen bonding.
Dynamic advance reservation with delayed allocation over wavelength-routed networks (2011)

In this paper we investigate the problem of provisioning lightpaths for dynamic advance reservation (AR) requests in all-optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. We propose a novel routing, slot, and wavelength assignment (RSWA) technique called single-slot advance reservation (SSAR) which takes a two phase approach, namely request provisioning phase (RPP) and request allocation phase (RAP).We compare the performance of this algorithm with a recently proposed baseline RSWA heuristic: all-slots advance reservation (ASAR) under no constraints on request duration and book-ahead times. We show that blocking in SSAR is only due to capacity constraint and simulation results show significant improvement over ASAR heuristic. Moreover SSAR has a very simple control structure, as described in detail in this paper.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbocyclizations in Organic Synthesis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal-Catalyzed Carbocyclizations in Organic SynthesisIwao Ojima, Maria Tzamarioudaki, Zhaoyang Li, and Robert J. DonovanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2, 635–662Publication Date (Web):March 28, 1996Publication History Received30 June 1995Revised13 September 1995Published online28 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950065yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950065yresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6525Altmetric-Citations757LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Overview of 5G security in 3GPP (2017)

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently specifying the next (fifth) generation “5G” of the mobile network including a new radio interface. This work is performed in most of the 3GPP working groups on all layers and just passed the study phase with the beginning of documenting normative specifications. The new 5G system is designed to be the enabler platform for different services of new stakeholders like Mission Critical Communications (MCC), Internet of Things (IoT) Automotive and Railways as well as Energy Providers and Broadcast agencies etc. This paper is describing the basic new concepts in the 5G core network architecture and its security implications including an overview of the two services Vehicle to Everything (V2X) and Internet of Things (IoT) that are considered as important vertical services for the new 5G system.