gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate Adaptive Compensation Method for Mechanical Structure Error of the Blade Measuring System (2018)

In view of the high precision requirement for mechanical structure of aeronautical blade measuring system, this paper proposes a laser interferometer to measure the error of the spatial nodes of the measuring system based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign error compensation methods for the measuring system. The optimized algorithm backpropagation (BP) neural network (OA-BPNN) compensation method is utilized to adaptively compensate for the systematic error of the mechanical system. Compared with the traditional polynomial fitting and genetic algorithm BP neural network (GA-BPNN) algorithm, the results show that the OA-BPNN algorithm is characterized by the best adaptability, precision, and efficiency for the adaptive error compensation. The spatial errors in the XYZ directions are reduced from 10.9, 60.1, and 84.2 μ m to 1.3, 4.0, and 2.4 μ m, respectively. The method is of great theoretical significance and practical value.
<i>In Vitro–In Vivo</i> Correlations Observed With Indacaterol-Based Formulations Delivered with the Breezhaler <sup>®</sup> (2014)

Anatomical throat models represent an exciting tool to aid in formulation development of pharmaceutical aerosols.
Isolation and characterization of an amiloride-resistant mutant of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus possessing a defective Na+/H+ antiport (2007)

A spontaneous mutant of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus resistant to the Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor amiloride was isolated. The Na+/H+ exchanger activity in the mutant cells was remarkably decreased in comparison with wild-type cells. Methanogenesis rates in the mutant strain were higher than wild-type cells and resistant to the inhibitory effect of 2 mM amiloride. In contrast, methanogenesis in wild-type cells was completely inhibited by the same amiloride concentration. ATP synthesis driven by methanogenic electron transport or by an electrogenic potassium efflux in the presence of sodium ions was significantly enhanced in the mutant cells. ATP synthesis driven by potassium diffusion potential was profoundly inhibited in wild-type cells by the presence of uncoupler 3,3',4',5- tetrachlorosalicylanilide and sodium ions, whereas c. 50% inhibition was observed in the mutant cells under the same conditions.
In Vivo Comparison of Different Algorithms for the Artificial Beta‐Cell (1985)

Using an extracorporeal artificial beta-cell in chronically diabetic dogs, the effects of four different mathematical models of glucose-controlled insulin dosage were compared: the Biostator algorithm (quadratic equation), Toronto algorithm (hyperbolic tangent function), Karlsburg algorithm (modified first-order derivative controller), and Ilmenau algorithm (second-order linear difference equation). The constants of all formulas implemented for the artificial beta-cell were obtained by regression analysis of paired blood glucose and plasma insulin data from normal control animals. Thus, they were biologically equivalent for all formulas. The patterns of blood glucose, insulin doses, and plasma insulin before, during, and after an intravenous glucose infusion test performed during the glucose-controlled insulin infusion showed no significant differences between the experimental groups subjected to the different algorithms. However, in no case were really normal blood glucose response curves restored by the artificial beta-cell. This might be due, first, to the fact that the algorithm parameters were not adapted to the actual individual insulin responsiveness, second, to the unphysiological peripheral venous route of insulin administration, and, third, to the lack of appropriate adaptation of the animals to normoglycemia.
Crystal structure of cyclobutane at 117 K (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of cyclobutane at 117 KAlice Stein, Christian W. Lehmann, and Peter LugerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 20, 7684–7687Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00046a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00046a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America (2005)

Appropriate selection of donors, use of sensitive screening tests, and the application of a mandatory quality assurance system are essential to maintain the safety of the blood supply. Laws, decrees, norms, and/or regulations covering most of these aspects of blood transfusion exist in 16 of the 17 countries in Latin America that are the subject of this review. In 17 countries, there is an information system that, although still incomplete (there are no official reports on adverse events and incidents), allows us to establish progress made on the status of the blood supply since 1993. Most advances originated in increased screening coverage for infectious diseases and better quality assurance. However, in 2001 to 2002, tainted blood may have caused infections in 12 of the 17 countries; no country reached the number of donors considered adequate, i.e., 5% of the population, to avoid blood shortages, or decreased significantly the number of blood banks, although larger blood banks are more efficient and take advantage of economies of scale. In those years, paid donors still existed in four countries and replacement donors made up >75% of the blood donors in another eight countries. In addition, countries did not report the number of voluntary donors who were repeat donors, i.e., the healthiest category. In spite of progress made, more improvements are needed.
The effect of water on the transport of oxygen through nylon‐6 films (1994)

Abstract The effect of presence of water on the transport of oxygen through films of Nylon‐6 was evaluated at 5, 23, and 40°C by permeation experiments. Through the oxygen permeability experiments it was found that the diffusion of oxygen through Nylon‐6 is not a simple Fickian process and the total diffusion process can be expressed by a bimodal diffusion mechanism. Permeability, solubility, and diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of water activity for both mechanisms. The effect of sorbed water on the oxygen diffusion and solubility in the polymer is presented as a function of the state of water in the polymer and as a result of the molecular competition between water and oxygen. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
‘온라인 교육 컨텐츠를 활용한 통합적 약물순응도 강화 프로그램’이 정신분열병 환자의 약물순응도에 미치는 영향 (2009)

실험군과 대조군간의 동질성을 검증한 결과 대상자의 일반적 특성과 약물지식, 지각된 유익성, 자기효능감, 사
회적 지지, 약물순응도는 모두 실험군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없이 동질한 집단으로 확인되었다. 
집단간 차이를 규명한 결과 프로그램 제공 후 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 지각된 유익성, 자기 효능감, 사회적 지지가 유의하게 높았다. 약물지식과...
Development and characterisation of calcium phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics containing fluorine and titanium (2010)

There is ongoing research into calcium phosphate glasses as possible candidates for use in dental restoration and in the field of bone implants. This is due to the fact that calcium phosphate glasses have many useful properties such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, bioresorbability and non toxicity. However, on the other hand they are also known to fail catastrophically and therefore cannot be used in load bearing applications and are limited as coatings to metallic substrates. Calcium phosphate glasses with different types of oxides such as magnesium, [27-28, 30-34] sodium, [14, 36-40] fluorine [41-42] in the presence of titania have been used in research to investigate whether addition of these oxides can help improve the properties of the glasses. It has been shown that calcium phosphate glasses containing fluorine have shown to produce fluoroapatite which is beneficial as it is known to be one of the ways in order to improve chemical durability of calcium phosphate glass-ceramics. [41-42] In the present study, type A glass and glass-ceramics demonstrated the effect of TiO2 addition with reduction of calcium to phosphorus ratio and type B glass and glass-ceramics demonstrated the effect of TiO2 addition with constant calcium to phosphorus ratio on the structure of fluorine containing calcium phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics. The TiO2 addition in type A took place in 5 %, 15 % and 20 % molar content of TiO2 and in type B, TiO2 was added to glasses in 4.76 %, 11.11 %, 16.66 % and 20 % molar content of TiO2. FTIR, DSC, XRD, ESEM and TGA (performed only on amorphous glasses) were used to characterise the glasses and glass-ceramics produced. DSC and density measurements showed that when 15 mol % TiO2 was added in type A; it caused disruption in the glass network which was confirmed by a reduction in the Tg. When TiO2 was added into the glass in type B, there was a general increase in Tg observed which confirmed that TiO2 might strengthen the glass network. XRD results showed that in both type A and type B glass-ceramics, crystal phases corresponding to calcium metaphosphate, calcium pyrophosphate and titanium pyrophosphate were present. No phase however corresponding to fluorine was found. FTIR results of type A and type B glasses showed peaks corresponding to metaphosphate, pyrophosphate and orthophosphate groups. In the FTIR spectra of both the glass-ceramics however, peaks corresponding to the metaphosphate and pyrophosphate groups were decomposed into several narrow peaks. ESEM images demonstrated the presence of different crystal phases in the glass-ceramics. Titanium pyrophosphate was seen mainly at the surface of the glass-ceramics but in the bulk of the glass-ceramics, crystals corresponding to metaphosphate and pyrophosphate were observed. TGA and EDX analysis confirmed that unfortunately only some fluorine was retained in the amorphous glass and there was no crystalline phase that contained fluorine.
High-level synthesis and codesign methods: An application to a Videophone Codec (2002)

This paper describes a high-level multi-HDL design process applied to an industrial design of a single chip Videophone Codec. It makes use of many state-of-the-art design tools and methods: Behavioural VHDL control path synthesis for the controller of the Codec motion estimator; behavioural DSP synthesis from Silage to generate an application-specific calculation unit that performs vector prediction for the motion estimator; retargetable C compilation for an embedded application-specific microcontroller and multi-level (behavioural, RTL, gate) and multi-language (VHDL, Silage, C) co-simulation. We show that, with respect to a manual design process, the use of these tools led to the following results: a five-fold reduction in the source HDL description complexity; equal or better timing performance; silicon area within 15% (4% area overhead for the DSP operator, and 14% overhead for the controller) and automatically compiled assembly code (from ANSI C descriptions) that is as compact as hand-coded assembler. We also identified a strong need to pay attention to design verification issues, especially when dealing with multi-level descriptions and multiple languages. Validation of the design was the single most time consuming part of the process.
Engineering the Electrochemical Capacitive Properties of Graphene Sheets in Ionic‐Liquid Electrolytes by Correct Selection of Anions (2014)

Graphene sheet (GS)-ionic liquid (IL) supercapacitors are receiving intense interest because their specific energy density far exceeds that of GS-aqueous electrolytes supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of ILs mainly depend on their diverse ions, especially anions. Therefore, identifying suitable IL electrolytes for GSs is currently one of the most important tasks. The electrochemical behavior of GSs in a series of ILs composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (EMIM(+)) with different anions is systematically studied. Combined with the formula derivation and building models, it is shown that the viscosity, ion size, and molecular weight of ILs affect the electrical conductivity of ILs, and thus, determine the electrochemical performances of GSs. Because the EMIM-dicyanamide IL has the lowest viscosity, ion size, and molecular weight, GSs in it exhibit the highest specific capacitance, smallest resistance, and best rate capability. In addition, because the tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4(-)) has the best electrochemical stability, the GS-[EMIM][BF4] supercapacitor has the widest potential window, and thus, displays the largest energy density. These results may provide valuable information for selecting appropriate ILs and designing high-performance GS-IL supercapacitors to meet different needs.
A RAPID SCREENING TECHNIQUE USING SCINTILLATING ION EXCHANGE RESINS (1964)

A macromolecular fraction was isolated from ovine bone marrow and designated the active fraction (AF). Two distinct enzymatic activities were detected in the AF: (1) a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and (2) a reverse transcriptase. RNA polymerase uses an endogenous RNA molecule of the AF as the template while the product of this RNA polymerase reaction forms the template for the reverse transcriptase. Synthetic reactions are initiated exclusively upon the exposure of the in vitro system to one of the external proteins, selected at random, ovalbumin or insulin. Ovalbumin specific (OS) and insulin specific (IS) AF fractions were prepared. OS-AF binds 14C-ovalbumin and the IS-AF binds 14C-insulin, but not vice versa. Reverse transcription activity of OS-AF is stimulated only upon its exposure to ovalbumin and not to insulin while the reverse is true for the activity associated with IS-AF. Indirect evidence indicates that the enzymes which synthesize nucleic acids are closely associated with the antigen receptor on the B-lymphocyte plasma membrane, the mlgM, and that the antigen binding to its receptor helps in the activation of these enzymes.
조선(朝鮮) 성리학(性理學)의 귀신론(鬼神論) 비교연구 (2018)

이 논문은 조선 전기 김시습(1435∼1493), 남효온(1454∼1492), 조선 중기 서경덕(1489∼1546), 이이(1536∼1584), 그리고 조선 후기 이익(1681∼1763)과 임성주(1711∼1788), 안정복(1712∼1791)의 鬼神해석에 관한 자기규정을 중심으로 도출된 핵심 요소들을 비교, 고찰해 보는 것이 근본 목적이다. 조선의 鬼神論은 조선 성리학의 이기론, 심성론, 수양론, 우주론과 더불어 많은 유학자들이 論究한 탐구 과제였다. 이러한 귀신에 대한 해석은 각 시기별 學者들의 자기규정이 중심이 되어 공통적인 관점과 함께 새로운 해석이 가미되어 그 이해가 상충되는 결과로 나타났다.
김시습은 귀신의 구체적인 형상을 말하며 怪異, 怪變의 주체인 怪物로 상정하는가 하면, 氣의 작용으로 규정하였으며, 남효온은 귀신이 隱微한 理와 氣의 작용이라는 자연적 이해를 중심으로 해석하였다. 서경덕은 鬼神死生의 이해를 오직 氣의 취산작용으로 보았으나 담일청허한기(湛一淸虛之氣)는 불멸한다고 주장하였다. 이이는 귀신의 문제를 理氣感應의 관점에서 祭禮의 중요성을 설파하였다. 즉 인간의 지각이나 인식이 모두 기의 작용이며 죽은 뒤에는 소멸한다고 주장하여 영혼불멸의 존재를 부정하였다. 여기서 남효온과 더불어 이이의 귀신 해석은 조선유학의 정당성과 우위를 드러내기 위해 조상에 대한 흠향(歆饗)과 제례의 중요성을 설파하기 위한 이념적 토대가 내포되어 있다. 이는 귀신과 같은 초월 세계를 긍정하려는 佛敎와 巫俗의 사유체계에서 자칫 그 이념적 토대가 흔들릴 수 있었기 때문이다. 또한 임성주는 事物의 이치를 理가 배제된 唯氣論의 입장에서 해석하였으나 귀신에 대해서는 理氣渾融無間之妙의 입장에서 理氣良能의 존재로 상정하고 있다.
이처럼 학자들은 귀신을 초자연적인 괴이와 괴담의 주체(怪物)로 상정하거나 理와 氣의 작용이나 양능으로 보는 등 그 이해가 상충되거나 모호한 입장을 보이는 반면, 유학의 전통을 면면히 계승하기 위한 사회적 인식에도 영향을 주었다고 할 수 있다. 이는 제례를 통해 조선의 봉건체제에 대한 당위 규범을 굳건히 유지하고 유학의 명분과 전통을 세워 불교의 윤회론과 초자연적 실체로 회자된 귀신의 존재를 부정하기 위한 시도라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 귀신 해석은 조선 후기 실학자인 이익과 안정복이 귀신을 괴이와 괴담의 실체로 재 상정하여 그 존재를 인정하는 듯한 양상을 보인다. 그러나 이익은 학문 초기 서양 종교설을 유학의 상제신과 비슷하다고 여겨 귀신의 존재를 인정하였으나, 성리학의 전통적인 귀신론으로 다시 복귀하였다. 이후 천주교 등을 불교의 사상과 견주어 이를 비판하고 귀신의 존재를 부정하는 모습으로 전환되었다. 이러한 인식의 전환은 유학의 전통적인 이념과 실학적 관점에서 과학사상의 결합을 통해 귀신의 문제를 해석하였다는데 그 특징이 있다. 또한 제자 안정복 역시 성리학의 관점에 서 있던 귀신의 문제를 서양종교의 영혼관과 비교하여 의문을 던졌으나 허구적인 종교적 교리로 재인식하여 조선 유학의 귀신론으로 다시 귀착되었다.
Western Atlantic Donca (1970)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Electronic Structure of Bases in DNA Duplexes Characterized byResonant Photoemission Spectroscopy Near the Fermi Level (2004)

The electronic structure of bases in DNA duplexes was investigated by resonant photoemission spectroscopy near the Fermi level, in order to specify charge migration mechanisms. We observed a kinetic energy shift of N-KLL Auger electrons and an intensity enhancement of valence electrons on the resonant photoemission spectra for both poly(dG).poly(dC) and poly(dA).poly(dT) DNAs. These directly show the localized unoccupied states of the bases. We conclude that the charge hopping model is pertinent for electric conduction in a DNA duplex, when electrons pass through the unoccupied states.
Going to a new frontier (2005)

What is the best way to ensure a smooth transition when the new children come from foundation stage into year 1? Ally March discusses
Stein's paradox and improved quadratic discrimination of real and simulated data by covariance weighting (2002)

The cross-validation error rates of quadratic discriminant classifiers were substantially reduced by weighting the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrices by a constant less than one. The improvement was found both when real chromosome data was classified, and also when simulated multivariate normal random vectors were classified. It is shown empirically that the optimum value of the weighting constant depended on the size of the training set, and that its relative benefit was greatest when the training set was small. The optimum weight appeared to be largely independent of the number of features. The relationship of this heuristic to Stein's paradox (1956) was explored, and it is shown that near-optimal values of weight could be predicted directly, thereby avoiding the need for an expensive empirical search.
Inhibition of influenza virus infection by tea (1990)

Journal Article Inhibition of influenza virus infection by tea Get access Mikio Nakayama, Mikio Nakayama Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, National Institute of Health, Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo 141 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masako Toda, Masako Toda *Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa‐ku, Takyo 142, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sachie Okubo, Sachie Okubo *Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa‐ku, Takyo 142, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tadakatsu Shimamura Tadakatsu Shimamura *Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa‐ku, Takyo 142, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 11, Issue 1, 1 July 1990, Pages 38–40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1990.tb00131.x Published: 01 July 1990 Article history Received: 20 March 1990 Accepted: 20 March 1990 Published: 01 July 1990
Network-aware behavior clustering of Internet end hosts (2011)

This paper explores the behavior similarity of Internet end hosts in the same network prefixes. We use bipartite graphs to model network traffic, and then construct one-mode projection graphs for capturing social-behavior similarity of end hosts. By applying a simple and efficient spectral clustering algorithm, we perform network-aware clustering of end hosts in the same prefixes into different behavior clusters. Based on information-theoretical measures, we find that the clusters exhibit distinct traffic characteristics which provides improved interpretations of the separated traffic compared with the aggregated traffic of the prefixes. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of exploring behavior similarity in profiling network behaviors and detecting anomalous behaviors through synthetic traffic that combines Internet backbone traffic and packet traces from real scenarios of worm propagations and denial of service attacks.
Alimentação, Identidade e Memória Práticas Alimentares Cabo-Verdianas num Contexto Migratorio (2013)

Resumo: o artigo explora as ideias de alimentação, identidade, migração e memória para debater as práticas e os territórios da alimentação das comunidades cabo?verdianas, na região\nmetropolitana de Lisboa, Portugal. Nesse sentido, atenta na simbologia das práticas e produtos alimentares desta comunidade migrante e no modo como estes operam na nostalgia\ndos sabores cabo-verdianos traduzida na expressão de kumida di téra.\nPalavras-chave: Alimentação. Memória. Identidade. Migração. Comunidades Cabo-Verdianas.
2-D anisotropic textured surfaces: properties and advanced antenna applications (2007)

The properties of anisotropic textured surfaces (TS) are discussed in the framework of a generic lattice equivalent circuit model. Applications of the developed theory to design<br/>of advanced antenna systems are illustrated by the examples of leaky wave frequency scanning antennas, aperture radiation control, ultra thin absorbers and polarisation preservation reflectors.
Never Stop Learning: The Effectiveness of Fine-Tuning in Robotic Reinforcement Learning (2020)

One of the great promises of robot learning systems is that they will be able to learn from their mistakes and continuously adapt to ever-changing environments. Despite this potential, most of the robot learning systems today are deployed as a fixed policy and they are not being adapted after their deployment. Can we efficiently adapt previously learned behaviors to new environments, objects and percepts in the real world? In this paper, we present a method and empirical evidence towards a robot learning framework that facilitates continuous adaption. In particular, we demonstrate how to adapt vision-based robotic manipulation policies to new variations by fine-tuning via off-policy reinforcement learning, including changes in background, object shape and appearance, lighting conditions, and robot morphology. Further, this adaptation uses less than 0.2% of the data necessary to learn the task from scratch. We find that our approach of adapting pre-trained policies leads to substantial performance gains over the course of fine-tuning, and that pre-training via RL is essential: training from scratch or adapting from supervised ImageNet features are both unsuccessful with such small amounts of data. We also find that these positive results hold in a limited continual learning setting, in which we repeatedly fine-tune a single lineage of policies using data from a succession of new tasks. Our empirical conclusions are consistently supported by experiments on simulated manipulation tasks, and by 52 unique fine-tuning experiments on a real robotic grasping system pre-trained on 580,000 grasps.
Rocks are expressed in brain tumors and are required for glioma‐cell migration on myelinated axons (2008)

The interactions between migrating glioma cells and myelinated fiber tracts are poorly understood. We identified that C6 glioma cells can migrate along myelinated chicken retinal axons in a novel coculture, thereby expressing small GTPases of the Rho family and serine/threonine Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs). We found that the ROCK1 isoform is also highly expressed in native human high-grade gliomas. Glioma cells migrated faster in vitro along myelinated axons than on laminin-1, with the former but not the latter being specifically and reversibly blocked by the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. These data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the migration of glioma cells on myelinated axons differ from those underlying the migration on extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin-1.