gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α‐secretase mediated conversion of the amyloid precursor protein derived membrane stub C99 to C83 limits Aβ generation (2009)

The Swedish mutation within the amyloid precursor protein (APP) causes early-onset Alzheimer's disease due to increased cleavage of APP by BACE1. While beta-secretase shedding of Swedish APP (APPswe) largely results from an activity localized in the late secretory pathway, cleavage of wild-type APP occurs mainly in endocytic compartments. However, we show that liberation of Abeta from APPswe is still dependent on functional internalization from the cell surface. Inspite the unchanged overall beta-secretase cleaved soluble APP released from APP(swe) secretion, mutations of the APPswe internalization motif strongly reduced C99 levels and substantially decreased Abeta secretion. We point out that alpha-secretase activity-mediated conversion of C99 to C83 is the main cause of this Abeta reduction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alpha-secretase cleavage of C99 even contributes to the reduction of Abeta secretion of internalization deficient wild-type APP. Therefore, inhibition of alpha-secretase cleavage increased Abeta secretion through diminished conversion of C99 to C83 in APP695, APP695swe or C99 expressing cells.
Semiautomatic video object segmentation using vsnakes (2003)

Video object segmentation and tracking are essential for content-based video processing. This paper presents a framework for a semiautomatic approach to this problem. A semantic video object is initialized with human assistance in a key frame. The video object is then tracked and segmented automatically in the following frames. A new active contour model, VSnakes, is introduced as a segmentation method in this framework. The active contour energy is defined so as to reflect the energy difference between two contours instead of the energy of a single contour. Multiple-resolution wavelet decomposition is applied in generating the edge energy of the image frame. Contour relaxation is used to deal with the object deformation frame by frame, and the Viterbi algorithm is used to update the contour path during contour relaxation. Compared to the original snakes algorithm, semiautomatic video object segmentation with the VSnakes algorithm resulted in improved performance in terms of video object shape distortion (1.4% versus 2.9% in one experiment), which suggests that it could be a useful tool in many content-based video applications, e.g., MPEG-4 video object generation and medical imaging.
A cooperative Reinforcement Learning approach for Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in OFDMA cellular networks (2010)

Abstract—Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) is commonly identified as a key radio resource management mechanism to enhance system performance of 4G networks. This paper addresses the problem of ICIC in the downlink of cellular OFDMA (LTE and WiMAX) systems in the context of Self-Organizing Networks (SON). The problem is posed as a cooperative Multi-Agent control problem. Each base station is an agent that dynamically changes power masks on a subset of its bandwidth to control interference it produces to its neighbouring cells. The agent learns the optimal coordinated power allocation strategy using information from its own and its neighbouring cells. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used to handle continuous state space defined by the input quality indicators to the controller performing the ICIC. The FIS is optimized using Reinforcement Learning (RL) with a Fuzzy Q-Learning (FQL) implementation. Simulation results illustrate the important performance gain brought about by the proposed ICIC scheme.
Memory Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals by a Surface Molecular Reorientation (1991)

A liquid crystal cell with an asymmetric electrode structure is prepared by using a slit-patterned or a hole-patterned electrode and an unpatterned counterelectrode. Only the surface of the latter substrate is treated by rubbing. When the liquid crystal cell is once heated up to an isotropic phase and then cooled down to a nematic phase with a sufficiently high electric field, a memory effect of the molecular orientation along a lateral component of a nonuniform electric field, which is produced by the patterned electrode structure, is observed after removing the electric field. This memory state can be erased by heating the cell up to the isotropic phase and it can be reproduced repeatedly. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the molecular orientation effects on the surface of an alignment layer without rubbing treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: THE STRUCTURE OF CORONATINE (1977)

Abstract Die Strukturaufklärung erfolgt anhand spektroskopischer Daten (UV, IR, NMR) und röntgenkristallanalytischer Untersuchungen von Coronafacinsäure [(IIIa)/(IIIb) (2 Isomere); orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe P2,2,2" 4 Moleküle pro Elementarzelle].
Angular Dependence of the Etch Rates of TaN in CF[sub 4]/Ar and CHF[sub 3]/Ar Plasmas (2008)

The etching characteristics of tantalum nitride (TaN), a mask absorber in extreme UV lithography, was investigated by observing the angular dependence of its normalized etch yield in and inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs). The direction of plasma ions incident on the substrate surface was controlled in a specially designed etcher that contained a Faraday cage and substrate holders of different slope angles. Experiments performed at different ICP powers, combined with analyses of the sample surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and plasma gases by optical emission spectroscopy, showed that as the ICP power increased, the mechanism involved in the etching of the TaN substrate changed from physical sputtering to chemical sputtering in a plasma while the mechanism changed from chemical sputtering to physical sputtering in a plasma. A tantalum native oxide film formed on the substrate surface decreased the etch rates by suppressing the transfer of ionic momentum to TaN. However, hydrogen atoms present in a plasma reduced the thickness of the oxide layer and consequently enhanced the etch rates of the substrate.
Evolution in Rail Car Designs for Unit Train Coal Service (1989)

In the past several years, a family of light weight rotary dump unit train coal cars has evolved in the United States which offers the coal shipper a choice of more efficient equipment: 1. The 101 ton (91625 kg) capacity unit train coal car based on design developed 25 years ago continues to be the preferred car design in some services. 2. The all steel gondola has a carrying capacity of 105 tons (95255 kg) with 100 ton axle loads. Earlier designs have been in service for a number of years, however, their durability has been limited in some more severe service environments. Present design enhancements are expected to overcome these difficulties. 3. The predominately aluminum gondola results in the lowest tare weight and a carrying capacity up to 110 tons (99790 kg) with 100 ton axle loads. Because of the typical rugged service environment, considerable care in design is required. By incorporating innovative design details which are made possible with intricate shaped aluminum extrusions, many of the difficult design problems can be solved. 4. The steel underframe aluminium body gondola has a carrying capacity of 108 tons (97976 kg) with 100 ton axle loads. Design details are key to obtaining the most efficient design.
Webcard: A Java Card Web Server (2000)

Webcard is a Java application that implements a TCP/IP stack and HTTP server and runs on a Schlumberger Cyberflex Access smartcard. In this report, we describe the architecture and implementation of Web-card and the constraints and assumptions that influenced its design. Complete sources for the application and its supporting environment are available.
Novel Circuit and Method for Fault Reconfiguration in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters (2019)

Solar photovoltaics and wind turbine generators achieved 10% of US electricity generation in March 2017. This percentage is expected to increase in future years. The electricity generated from wind and solar sources requires power electronic circuits in order to make this energy available to the electric utility grid. Consequently, there is a need for improved fault detection and isolation in power electronic converters for maximizing the reliability of renewable energy sources. In addition, there will be power electronics needed for utility-scale battery storage systems to provide back-up energy for times of reduced wind and solar generation output and to provide black-start capability for restoration after power outages. This paper presents a new and novel power electronic circuit and method for isolating faults in power electronic inverter-rectifiers. This paper provides a significant improvement compared to existing methods by isolating faulted devices and reconfiguring the converter in a manner that reduces the disruption of electricity delivery. In addition, this is achieved with minimal cost impact to the overall system.
Sterol regulation of human fatty acid synthase promoter I requires nuclear factor-Y- and Sp-1-binding sites (2000)

To understand cholesterol-mediated regulation of human fatty acid synthase promoter I, we tested various 5'-deletion constructs of promoter I-luciferase reporter gene constructs in HepG2 cells. The reporter gene constructs that contained only the Sp-1-binding site (nucleotides -82 to -74) and the two tandem sterol regulatory elements (SREs; nucleotides -63 to -46) did not respond to cholesterol. Only the reporter gene constructs containing a nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) sequence, the CCAAT sequence (nucleotides -90 to -86), an Sp-1 sequence, and the two tandem SREs responded to cholesterol. The NF-Y-binding site, therefore, is essential for cholesterol response. Mutating the SREs or the NF-Y site and inserting 4 bp between the Sp-1- and NF-Y-binding sites both resulted in a minimal cholesterol response of the reporter genes. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using anti-SRE-binding protein (SREBP) and anti-NF-Ya antibodies confirmed that these SREs and the NF-Y site bind the respective factors. We also identified a second Sp-1 site located between nucleotides -40 and -30 that can substitute for the mutated Sp-1 site located between nucleotides -82 and -74. The reporter gene expression of the wild-type promoter and the Sp-1 site (nucleotides -82 to -74) mutant promoter was similar when SREBP1a [the N-terminal domain of SREBP (amino acids 1-520)] was constitutively overexpressed, suggesting that Sp-1 recruits SREBP to the SREs. Under the same conditions, an NF-Y site mutation resulted in significant loss of reporter gene expression, suggesting that NF-Y is required to activate the cholesterol response.
An Alternative Procedure for the O-Trimethylsilylation of Enolates Generated by Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Additions (1991)

Abstract Anhydrous lithium bromide has been successfully used as an additive instead of hexamethylphosphoric triamide in the O-trimethylsilylation of enolates generated by copper halide-catalyzed reaction of Grignard reagents with a number of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Some conjugate additions also proceed satisfactorily in the absence of lithium bromide.
High-Speed and Handover-Free Communications for High-Speed Trains Using Switched WDM Fiber–Wireless System (2018)

A high-speed, handover-free communication for high-speed trains by a switched WDM fiber-wireless system in the W-band is presented. More than 20 Gb/s signal transmission with a cell switching time of less than 4 μs is experimentally demonstrated.
A BiCMOS Dual-Band Millimeter-Wave Frequency Synthesizer for Automotive Radars (2009)

Design and implementation of a millimeter-wave dual-band frequency synthesizer, operating in the 24 GHz and 77 GHz bands, are presented. All circuits except the voltage controlled oscillators are shared between the two bands. A multi-functional injection-locked circuit is used after the oscillators to simplify the reconfiguration of the division ratio inside the phase-locked loop. The 1 mm times 0.8 mm synthesizer chip is fabricated in a 0.18 mum silicon-germanium BiCMOS technology, featuring 0.15 mum emitter-width heterojunction bipolar transistors. Measurements of the prototype demonstrate a locking range of 23.8-26.95 GHz/75.67-78.5 GHz in the 24/77 GHz modes, with a low power consumption of 50/75 mW from a 2.5 V supply. The closed-loop phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the carrier is less than -100 dBc/Hz in both bands. The frequency synthesizer is suitable for integration in direct-conversion transceivers for K/W-band automotive radars and heterodyne receivers for 94 GHz imaging applications.
Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility： biological and clinical aspects (2006)

精子 chromatin/DNA 正直为父亲的基因信息的精确传播是必要的，并且正常精子染色质结构为使肥沃的精子是重要的能力。精液的常规检查，包括精子集中，活动性和形态学，不在精子染色质结构识别缺点。为它的评价的精子 DNA 损坏和许多方法的起源被描述。精子 DNA 损坏的评估看起来是为估计男富饶潜力的一个有用工具在活体内和在试管内。后代上的精子 DNA 缺点的可能的影响也被讨论。
Coronavirus infection and PARP expression dysregulate the NAD metabolome: An actionable component of innate immunity (2020)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily members covalently link either a single ADP-ribose (ADPR) or a chain of ADPR units to proteins using NAD as the source of ADPR. Although the well-known poly(ADP-ribosylating) (PARylating) PARPs primarily function in the DNA damage response, many noncanonical mono(ADP-ribosylating) (MARylating) PARPs are associated with cellular antiviral responses. We recently demonstrated robust up-regulation of several PARPs following infection with murine hepatitis virus (MHV), a model coronavirus. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection strikingly up-regulates MARylating PARPs and induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes for salvage NAD synthesis from nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), while down-regulating other NAD biosynthetic pathways. We show that overexpression of PARP10 is sufficient to depress cellular NAD and that the activities of the transcriptionally induced enzymes PARP7, PARP10, PARP12 and PARP14 are limited by cellular NAD and can be enhanced by pharmacological activation of NAD synthesis. We further demonstrate that infection with MHV induces a severe attack on host cell NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADP<sup>+</sup> Finally, we show that NAMPT activation, NAM, and NR dramatically decrease the replication of an MHV that is sensitive to PARP activity. These data suggest that the antiviral activities of noncanonical PARP isozyme activities are limited by the availability of NAD and that nutritional and pharmacological interventions to enhance NAD levels may boost innate immunity to coronaviruses.
[Induced activity of nitrate reductase by nitrate and cloning of nitrate reductase gene]. (2003)

Excessive nitrate accumulated in plants affects vegetable quality severely and excessive nitrate ingestion would do harm to human health. Assimilatory NADH: nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), a complex Mo-pterin-, cytochrome b(557)- and FAD-containing protein, catalyzes the regulated and rate-limiting step in the utilization of inorganic nitrogen by higher plants. Enhancing the activity of NR is conducive to reduce the concentration of nitrate in plants. The experiments were conducted to investigate the activity of nitrate reductase in different plant tissues and the relationship between external inducing solution concentration and NR activity (NRA) in plant leaves. Six plant seedlings growing in solution culture were deprived of an external nitrogen (N) supply for 2 weeks. On selected days, three of six plant seedlings were exposed to 50mmol/L NO3- for 0, 2, 5, 8, 11h, and four of the six plant seedlings were exposed to 0, 10, 30, 50mmol/L NO3- for 2h. The NRA was determined in vivo at 538nm using spectrophotometer. The results showed that NRA increased when those plant seedlings were induced by nitrate solution. The change trends of NRA in roots and in leaves of cole, pea and tomato were different during treating time. The NRA in cole leaves was higher than that in its root and in other two plants and increased along with inducing time, but the NRA in bea and tomato was highest when the treating time was 8h and 2h, respectively. The highest NRA in leaves of three kinds of Chinese cabbages and tomato was induced by different concentrations of KNO3 solution. In tomato leaves, the highest NRA was induced by 10 - 30mmol/L KNO3 solution. In three Chinese cabbages, Brassica chinensis L. cv. AJH, XBC and KR-605, the highest NRA was induced by 10, 30, 10mmol/L KNO3 solution, respectively. The results indicated that the response manners of NRA in plants to external nitrate solutions were different. According to these results, the level of NR mRNA in plants could be enhanced by nitrate inducement. The total RNA was isolated from tomato leaves and root which induced by 30mmol/L KNO3 solution for 2h, and NR cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR using the specific primers. The fragments of PCR products were cloned and sequenced. There are 2736 base pairs in the whole cDNA fragment. The deduced protein sequence contains 911 amino acids. The NR gene can be fused to the CaMV 35S promoter, then introduced to higher plants, such as vegetables. It is hoped to decrease drastically the nitrate content of the transgenic plants.
Cellular Structures for Optimal Performance (2009)

Cellular material structures, such as honeycombs and lattice structures, enable unprecedented stiffness and strength characteristics, for a given weight. New design and CAD technologies to construct cellular materials are presented in this paper. Such materials have very complex geometries, hence the need for additive manufacturing processes to produce them. A series of experiments was performed to build and test parts fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering. Variations in mechanical properties were quantified and related to processing conditions. Examples help illustrate the variety of applications of cellular materials in the aerospace, automotive, motorsports, energy, electronics, and related industries. A software tool is being developed to enable users to design and construct parts with cellular structures.
Energetic, Exergetic, and Economic Analysis of MED-TVC Water Desalination Plant with and without Preheating (2018)

Desalination is the sole proven technique that can provide the necessary fresh water in arid and semi-arid countries in sufficient quantities and meet the modern needs of a growing world population. Multi effect desalination with thermal vapour compression (MED-TVC) is one of most common applications of thermal desalination technologies. The present paper presents a comprehensive thermodynamic model of a 24 million litres per day thermal desalination plant, using specialised software packages. The proposed model was validated against a real data set for a large-scale desalination plant, and showed good agreement. The performance of the MED-TVC unit was investigated using different loads, entrained vapour, seawater temperature, salinity and number of effects in two configurations. The first configuration was the MED-TVC unit without preheating system, and the second integrated the MED-TVC unit with a preheating system. The study confirmed that the thermo-compressor and its effects are the main sources of exergy destruction in these desalination plants, at about 40% and 35% respectively. The desalination plant performance with preheating mode performs well due to high feed water temperature leading to the production of more distillate water. The seawater salinity was proportional to the fuel exergy and minimum separation work. High seawater salinity results in high exergy efficiency, which is not the case with membrane technology. The plant performance of the proposed system was enhanced by using a large number of effects due to greater utilisation of energy input and higher generation level. From an economic perspective, both indicators show that using a preheating system is more economically attractive.
VARIATION IN HUMAN MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION (2004)

As recently as 20 years ago, there was relatively little information about the number and distribution of recombinational events in human meiosis, and we knew virtually nothing about factors affecting patterns of recombination. However, the generation of a variety of linkage-based genetic mapping tools and, more recently, cytological approaches that enable us to directly visualize the recombinational process in meiocytes, have led to an increased understanding of human meiosis. In this review, we discuss the different approaches used to study meiotic recombination in humans, our understanding of factors that affect the number and location of recombinational events, and clinical consequences of variation in the recombinational process.
Photo‐Physical Behaviors of Efficient Green Phosphor Ba <sub>2</sub> MgSi <sub>2</sub> O <sub>7</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> and Its Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes (2010)

An efficient green phosphor, Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ , was prepared by a solid‐state reaction. Excited by 350–420 nm light, the phosphor shows a strong and broad emission band centering at 505 nm. The concentration quenching mechanism was verified to be a dipole–dipole interaction and the critical energy‐transfer distance was confirmed as around 20 Å by both the calculated crystal structure method and the experimental spectral method. This phosphor shows a low thermal‐quenching property with an activation energy of 0.677 eV. Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated with Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.07Eu 2+ and 395‐nm‐emitting InGaN chips and exhibited strong wide‐band green emission and relatively stable current‐dependent electroluminescence properties, indicating that this phosphor is a promising candidate as a green component for the fabrication of white LEDs.
Biodata in professional entry‐level selection: Statistical scoring of common format applications (2000)

This study of professional graduate entrants provides evidence that biographical data, common to application forms and resumes, can predict future preformance at professional entry level, outperforming current selection procedures. An actuarial model is developed to predict the major selection criterion for such entrants and to overcome the practical difficulties associated with processing high volumes of applications at the pre‐selection stage. The six variable model demonstrates validity on entrants up to 5 years after the development sample and may be used across a wide range of different firms. Inter‐temporal validity (r pbi = 0.23) compares favourably with other preliminary selection strategies. The evidence is consistent with such models suffering acceptable levels of shrinkage while being more efficient and less costly alternatives to the conventional selection methods currently used by the accounting profession.
p38γ overexpression in gliomas and its role in proliferation and apoptosis (2013)

The objective of this study was to confirm the biological role of p38γ in human gliomas. The expression profiles of p38γ and hTERT in human glioma samples were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was performed in U251 cells by p38γ silencing. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed by CCK-8 and flow cytometric analysis, and then RNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Telomerase activity assays and Caspase-3,-9 activation assays were also conducted. The results showed p38γ had a positive correlation with the glioma's malignancy grade and that the treatment of U251 cells with p38γ-siRNA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Correspondingly, hTERT expression and telomerase activity were down regulated and Caspase-3 and -9 activities were elevated. In conclusion, p38γ may serve as an oncogenic factor promoting the growth and progression of gliomas and may become a useful therapeutic target.