gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional loss of pAMT results in biosynthesis of capsinoids, capsaicinoid analogs, in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> cv. CH‐19 Sweet (2009)

Capsaicinoids are responsible for the spicy flavor of pungent peppers (Capsicum). The cultivar CH-19 Sweet is a non-pungent pepper mutant derived from a pungent pepper strain, Capsicum annuum CH-19. CH-19 Sweet biosynthesizes capsaicinoid analogs, capsinoids. We determined the genetic and metabolic mechanisms of capsinoid biosynthesis in this cultivar. We analyzed the putative aminotransferase (pAMT) that is thought to catalyze the formation of vanillylamine from vanillin in the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway. Enzyme assays revealed that pAMT activity catalyzing vanillylamine formation was completely lost in CH-19 Sweet placenta tissue. RT-PCR analysis showed normal mRNA transcription of the pAMT gene; however, SNP analysis of the cDNA sequence showed a T nucleotide insertion at 1291 bp in the pAMT gene of CH-19 Sweet. This insertion formed a new stop codon, TGA, that prevented normal translation of the gene, and the pAMT protein did not accumulate in CH-19 Sweet as determined using Western blot analysis. We developed a dCAPS marker based on the T insertion in the pAMT gene of CH-19 Sweet, and showed that the pAMT genotype co-segregated with the capsinoid or capsaicinoid fruit phenotype in the F(2) population. The T insertion was not found in other pungent and non-pungent Capsicum lines, suggesting that it is specific to CH-19 Sweet. CH-19 Sweet's pAMT gene mutation is an example of a nonsense mutation in a single gene that alters a secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway, resulting in the biosynthesis of analogs. The dCAPS marker will be useful in selecting lines with capsinoid-containing fruits in pepper-breeding programs.
Design and simulation of printed winding inductors for inductive wireless power charging applications (2015)

Winding coils are key elements in the design and the implementation of an effective wireless power charging platform for wireless devices such as mobile phones, smart phones and tablet computers. Planar winding inductors are low-cost, ready to integrate with the electronics and fully compatible with a general printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process. This paper addresses the design and the simulation of the planar winding inductors in order to overcome some drawbacks of such structures concerning mainly the quality factor and the resistive/thermal losses.
Three-dimensional micromagnetic finite element simulations including eddy currents (2005)

We developed a micromagnetic eddy current method that allows arbitrary geometries, requires no mesh outside the ferromagnet, and uses a stable integration scheme. We simultaneously solve the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation and the quasistatic Maxwell equations using a hybrid finite element/boundary element method (FEM/BEM). The eddy current field is directly calculated from the space time behavior of the magnetization rate of change. The boundary conditions of the eddy current field at infinity are taken into account using a FEM/BEM scheme. The resulting system of differential algebraic equations is solved using a backward differentiation method.
Reticulocytes (1986)

The determination of erythropoietic activity is important in the evaluation of a patient with anaemia. Anaemia can result from a great variety of causes. They can be classified into two main groups. On the one hand, anaemia may be due to decreased production of erythrocytes by the bone marrow, while on the other hand, anaemia may be caused by increased erythrocyte destruction (as is the case in haemolytic anaemia). In these latter cases the marrow may be erythropoietically hyperactive. The enumeration of newly-formed erythrocytes (i.e. reticulocytes) can be useful for the estimation of the functional integrity of the erythropoietic marrow. This review will recount the anatomy and physiology of reticulocytes, the identification and counting of these cells and an interpretation of these results in clinical medicine.
A Cloud Computing Resource Scheduling Policy Based on Genetic Algorithm with Multiple Fitness (2012)

Under the cloud computing environment of IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service), due to the expansion of system scale and virtual machines' migrations, etc, it is easy to cause some problems like fragmentation of physical resources, low utilization of resources. The consequences lead to high energy consumption within an Internet Data center. In this paper, we propose a pre-migration strategy based on three load dimensions: CPU utilization, network throughput, disk I/O rate, which are considered complementary in the algorithm. In order to get an approximately optimal solution, we adopt the hybrid genetic algorithm combined with knapsack problem with multiple fitness and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The result of the experiments shows that the algorithm can effectively achieve the goal of raising resources' utilization and lowering energy consumption under cloud computing environment.
Is a stock exchange a computer solution? Explicitness, algorithms and the Arizona Stock Exchange (2011)

The paper examines, through a case study on the Arizona Stock Exchange, how computerization challenged the definition of the stock exchange in the context of North-American financial markets in the 1990's. It analyses exchange automation in terms of trials of explicitness: the computational formulation of what an exchange is calls for a detailed explication of the (variable, often conflicting and unanticipated) processes and properties of price formation. The paper focuses in particular on the argument of the concentration of liquidity in one single point, which was central to the development of the Arizona Stock Exchange (an electronic call auction). It then asks what kind of revolution is the ‘explicitness revolution' in the design of allocation mechanisms.
Overexpression of the myelin proteolipid protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol and proteolipid protein in endosomes/lysosomes (2002)

Duplications and overexpression of the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene are known to cause the dysmyelinating disorder Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). To understand the cellular response to overexpressed PLP in PMD, we have overexpressed PLP in BHK cells and primary cultures of oligodendrocytes with the Semliki Forest virus expression system. Overexpressed PLP was routed to late endosomes/lysosomes and caused a sequestration of cholesterol in these compartments. Similar results were seen in transgenic mice overexpressing PLP. With time, the endosomal/lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and PLP led to an increase in the amount of detergent-insoluble cellular cholesterol and PLP. In addition, two fluorescent sphingolipids, BODIPY-lactosylceramide and -galactosylceramide, which under normal conditions are sorted to the Golgi apparatus, were missorted to perinuclear structures. This was also the case for the lipid raft marker glucosylphosphatidylinositol-yellow fluorescence protein, which under normal steady-state conditions is localized on the plasma membrane and to the Golgi complex. Taken together, we show that overexpression of PLP leads to the formation of endosomal/lysosomal accumulations of cholesterol and PLP, accompanied by the mistrafficking of raft components. We propose that these accumulations perturb the process of myelination and impair the viability of oligodendrocytes.
The signals and molecular pathways involved in implantation, a symbiotic interaction between blastocyst and endometrium involving adhesion and tissue invasion (1995)

Journal Article The signals and molecular pathways involved in implantation, a symbiotic interaction between blastocyst and endometrium involving adhesion and tissue invasion Get access S. Tabibzadeh, S. Tabibzadeh 3 1Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, and Moffitt Cancer Center12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 3To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Babaknia A. Babaknia 2Women's Health Institute of CaliforniaCosta Mesa, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Molecular Human Reproduction, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1 June 1995, Pages 179–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/1.4.179 Published: 01 June 1995 Article history Received: 20 February 1995 Accepted: 25 March 1995 Published: 01 June 1995
Homeostatic Metaplasticity of the Motor Cortex is Altered during Headache-Free Intervals in Migraine with Aura (2008)

Preconditioning of the human primary motor cortex (M1) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can shape the magnitude and direction of excitability changes induced by a subsequent session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Here, we examined this form of metaplasticity in migraine patients with visual aura and healthy controls. In both groups, facilitatory preconditioning of left M1 with anodal tDCS increased the mean amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in the contralateral hand, whereas inhibitory preconditioning with cathodal tDCS produced a decrease in amplitude. Following cathodal tDCS, a short train of low-intensity 5-Hz rTMS antagonized the suppression of the mean MEP amplitude in both groups. In contrast, the homeostatic effects of 5-Hz rTMS differed between groups when rTMS was given after anodal tDCS. In controls 5-Hz rTMS induced a marked decrease in MEP amplitudes, whereas in migraineurs rTMS induced only a modest decrease in MEP amplitudes, which were still facilitated after rTMS when compared with baseline amplitudes. These findings indicate that short-term homeostatic plasticity is altered in patients with visual aura between the attacks.
Morphology-Controlled Growth of ZnO Nanostructures Using Microwave Irradiation: from Basic to Complex Structures (2008)

Morphology-controlled growth of ZnO nano- and microstructures was achieved by microwave irradiation. Various basic ZnO structures, including nanorods, nanocandles, nanoneedles, nanodisks, nanonuts, microstars, microUFOs, and microballs were simply synthesized at a low temperature (90 °C) with low power microwave-assisted heating (about 50 W) and a subsequent aging process. These results could be obtained by changing the precursor chemicals, the capping agents, and the aging times. Even more complex ZnO structures, including ZnO bulky stars, cakes, and jellyfishes, were constructed by microwave irradiation to a mixture of the as-prepared basic ZnO structures and the solution I, IV, or V. This is a fast, simple, and reproducible method which does not require any template, catalyst, or surfactant but can control the morphology of ZnO crystals from simple to complex. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the morphology, crystallinity, and chemical composition of the ZnO structures. Growth mechanisms for shape-selective ZnO synthesis were proposed based on these results.
Simplified novel synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon with a bimodal pore system (2003)

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)with a bimodal pore system and high surface area has been synthesized by using SBA-15 as template and furfuryl alcohol as carbon source.The mesoporous surface area of the resultant OMC is as high as 2 000m/g.The pore size distribution shows a clear bimodal type.One mode of porosity with relatively small pore size originated from the void space created after removal of the silica matrix , and another with a relatively large pore size was generated from the center spaces inside of the hollow carbon tubes.Compared to the previous report , the advantages of the current synthesis strategy are that it involves one fewer step and that the amount of carbon precursor realized is determined simply by changing the concentration of the furfuryl alcohol solution.The current method is generally applicable to porous silica for thin layer coating with carbon , establishing access to valuable materials for the synthesis of new nanocomposites.
Friedel-Crafts Isomerization. IV.<sup>1</sup> Aluminum Halide-Catalyzed Isomerization of Halotoluenes (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel-Crafts Isomerization. IV.1 Aluminum Halide-Catalyzed Isomerization of HalotoluenesGeorge A. Olah and Max W. MeyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3464–3469Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient MAC for distributed multiuser MIMO systems (2013)

A distributed multiuser MIMO system consists of several access points which are connected to coordinating servers and operate as a large multi-antenna access point. Thanks to joint decoding and precoding, all transmitted signal power is useful, rather than “interference”. The system has the potential to support constant rates as the number of clients increases, thus offering a tremendous bandwidth boost. Despite the high gains and potential applicability to real world setups like enterprise networks, this approach is regarded today mostly as a theoretical solution because of some serious implementation difficulties. Motivated by our recent success in addressing synchronization issues in a real distributed multiuser MIMO testbed that we have developed, in this work we move one step further and design an efficient MAC scheme for such a system. First, we study and design optimal as well as practical user selection and scheduling schemes. Second, we investigate coding methods to realize the achievable rates at higher layers, and pay particular attention to recent rateless codes advancements. Last, we propose a specific MAC super-frame, and discuss how to make our system backward compatible with 802.11ac.
The immediate-early growth response in regenerating liver and insulin-stimulated H-35 cells: comparison with serum-stimulated 3T3 cells and identification of 41 novel immediate-early genes. (1991)

Liver regeneration provides a unique system for analysis of mitogenesis in intact, fully developed animals. Cellular immediate-early genes likely play an important role in cell cycle regulation and have been extensively studied in mitogen-stimulated fibroblasts lymphocytes but not in liver. We have begun to characterize the immediate-early growth response genes of mitogen-stimulated liver cells, specifically, regenerating liver and insulin-stimulated Reuber H-35 hepatoma cells, and to address differences in growth response between different cell types. Through subtraction and differential screening of cDNA libraries from regenerating liver and insulin-treated H-35 cells, we have extensively characterized 341 differentially expressed clones and identified 52 immediate-early genes. These genes have been partially sequenced and subjected to Northern (RNA) blot analysis, and 41 appear to be novel. Surprisingly, two-thirds of these genes are also expressed in BALB/c 3T3 cells, but only 10 were identified in previous studies of 3T3 cells, and of these, 6 include well-known genes like jun and fos, and only 4 are novel. Approximately one-third of the immediate-early genes identified in mitogen-stimulated liver cells or serum-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells are expressed in a tissue-specific fashion, indicating that cell type-specific regulation of the proliferative response occurs during the immediate-early period. Our findings indicate that the immediate-early response is unusually complex for the first step in a regulatory cascade, suggesting that multiple pathways must be activated. The abundance of immediate-early genes and the highly varied pattern of their expression in different cell types suggest that the tissue specificity of the proliferative response arises from the particular set of these genes expressed in a given tissue.
Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome (1988)

Psychiatric diagnoses, self-reports of symptoms, and illness behavior of 20 fibromyalgia patients and 23 rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared. The fibromyalgia patients were not significantly more likely than the arthritis patients to report depressive symptoms or to receive a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis of major depression. These results do not support the contention that fibromyalgia is a form of somatized depression. Fibromyalgia patients, however, reported significantly more somatic symptoms of obscure origin and exhibited a pattern of reporting more somatic symptoms, multiple surgical procedures, and help seeking that may reflect a process of somatization rather than a discrete psychiatric disorder.
Mediterranean seabed in digital shaded relief (1991)

Relief‐shaded images made from a large digital depth model (DDM) provide a fresh view of regional tectonism and submarine geomorphology in the central Mediterranean. The 1‐km spatial resolution is better than that afforded by the 5‐arc‐minute worldwide digital bathymetry (DBDB5). These computer pictures enable information on seafloor morphology to be visualized and communicated in much the same way that relief maps made from digital elevation models are used to interpret subaerial topography. The images shown here (partially joined along 19°E) were taken from a new shaded‐relief map of the entire Mediterranean seafloor and parts of the Bay of Biscay and Black Sea between latitude 307deg;–46°N and longitude 6°W–37°E [ Mark et al., 1990].
Socialize spontaneously with mobile applications (2012)

With the proliferation of mobile devices in both smartphone and tablet form factors, it is intuitive and natural for users to socially interact with their collaborators or competitors in multi-party conferencing, productivity, or gaming applications. In this paper, we make a case that such social interactions should be much more spontaneous to users in these applications. We design and implement a new system framework, Reflex, to provide the required system support to achieve spontaneous social interaction with other users in the same mobile application, be they in the same living room or around the world. Reflex features a simple and intuitive application programming interface (API), and uses cloud computing services from Google App Engine to offer the scalability and performance required to support spontaneous social networking at a large scale. Reflex is able to transparently switch to local interactions over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi interfaces, available on mobile devices, whenever possible. In order to evaluate Reflex in the iOS platform, we developed a real-world music composition application, called MusicScore, from scratch on the iPad, which takes advantage of Reflex to let music composers collaborate in real time.
A simple reproducible technique for producing sub-micrometre fibre-optic probes for near-field optical microscopy and chemical sensors (1995)

Near-field optical techniques enable the optical diffraction limit to be surpassed, thus allowing objects to be resolved with a spatial resolution of better than lambda /50. Many of these techniques involve the scanning of probes with sub-micrometre tips or apertures in close proximity (<20 nm) to the object surface in order to generate images of sub-wavelength resolution. We present a simple one-step method for producing optical probes with excellent reproducibility for applications in super-resolution microscopy and near-field chemical sensing. In addition, we demonstrate via experiment the light delivery and collection ability of probes manufactured using this technique.
Visual quality after diffractive intraocular lens implantation in eyes with previous hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (2011)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Distance dependence of SERS enhancement factor from Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers on metal island films: evidence for the electromagnetic mechanism (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistance dependence of SERS enhancement factor from Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers on metal island films: evidence for the electromagnetic mechanismG. J. Kovacs, R. O. Loutfy, P. S. Vincett, Carol Jennings, and Ricardo ArocaCite this: Langmuir 1986, 2, 6, 689–694Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00072a001https://doi.org/10.1021/la00072a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1701Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Threshold residual ion concentration on photomask surface to prevent haze defects (2007)

Haze generation has been serious issue on wafer lithography process, as illumination wavelength become shorter with 248nm and 193nm. Several published papers have been reported that ammonium and sulfate residual ion on mask surface is major source of haze generation. These ions are come from conventional photomask cleaning process. PKL have been studied new cleaning process to minimize haze generation and found cleaning process condition. Also, PKL found that residual ammonium ion is major source of haze generation than residual sulfate ion. New cleaning process improved residual ammonium ion concentration to less than 45 ppb from 900 ppb with conventional RCA cleaning. And illumination doses generating haze have been tested on five residual ammonium ion, 1500 ppb, 900 ppb, 160 ppb, 70 ppb, 45 ppb, respectively. In house designed Haze Acceleration Test Bench (HATB) was used to expose masks. Haze were not generated until from 25 kJ to 100 kJ, on 160 ppb to 45 ppb of ammonium ion concentration, respectively. And the residual of sulfate ion and its haze generation dose did not correspond. Residual ammonium ions need to be controlled tightly than sulfate ion. PKL concentrated on minimizing ammonium residual with new cleaning process and found the optimized cleaning process for preventing 100kJ of cumulative energy on ArF embedded attenuated PSM (EAPSM).