gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Products of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein generated by,β-secretase are present in human platelets, and secreted upon degranulation (1998)

Proteolytic processing of Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) by /3-secretase generates the Nterminus ofA/3 (which deposits in the brain) and releases a secreted ectodomain of APP (sAPP/3). We identified in human platelets a band at 125 kDa corresponding to APP ectodomain ending with C-terminal methionine residue (APP 671 ) as characterized by an antibody specificfor the C-terminal methionine residue of sAPP/3. The same antibody also detected bands at -105 and U125 kDa in human brain homogenates. Platelet sAPP/3 is an isoform containing the Kunitzprotease inhibitor domain (sAPP/3-KPI+) and is released into the medium when platelets are induced to aggregate using agonists such as thrombin, collagen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or calcium ionophore A2318 7. The release of sAPPB /from aggregatedplatelets is consistent with a role in regulation of the coagulation cascade and/or in platelet aggregation. These data together with previous reports suggest that human platelets contain the a-, /3-and y-secretase activities, and are a suitable system to study APP processing and Ap production, a pathway which is considered to be a prime targetfor therapeutic intervention in AD.
The transcriptional landscape of mouse beta cells compared to human beta cells reveals notable species differences in long non-coding RNA and protein-coding gene expression (2014)

The comprehensive mouse alpha and beta cell transcriptomes complemented by the comparison of the global (dis)similarities between mouse and human beta cells represent invaluable resources to boost the accuracy by which rodent models offer guidance in finding cures for human diabetes.
Epstein-Barr virus genotypes in AIDS-associated lymphomas are similar to those in endemic Burkitt's lymphomas. (1992)

PCR was used to screen EBV-positive lymphomas from endemic and sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma patients, including EBV-positive lymphomas derived from patients with HIV infection. Only 10% of sporadic lymphomas from either North America (1/15) or South America (2/14) were associated with the type 2 EBV strain, whereas 50% (8/16) of lymphomas from equatorial Africa and 46% (10/22) of HIV-associated lymphomas were positive for the type 2 strain. These data, in conjunction with previous reports, suggest that the proportions of strain types in Burkitt's lymphoma reflect the proportions of strain types in peripheral lymphocytes, and not simply the prevailing regional strain. The increased association of the type 2 strain in lymphocytes and lymphomas from HIV-infected individuals and from Africa may be a result of intermittent (malaria) or continuous (HIU) compromise of immune function in these populations.
Enhancement of Dynamic Range of Optical Fiber Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Grating Fabry–Pérot Interferometer With Pulse-Position Modulation Scheme: Compensation of Source Wavelength-Sweep Nonlinearity (2013)

A fiber optic vibration sensor using a fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot interferometer with a wavelength-swept laser diode source, which works well for the case of small strain-amplitude vibration, exhibits inaccuracies in the interrogation caused by the nonlinearity of the wavelength modulation in the source when the strain amplitude due to vibration is large. With increasing the frequency of the wavelength sweep, the span of the wavelength sweep is reduced and the nonlinearity is pronounced. We experimentally characterize the nonlinearity, and by using a fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer as a wavelength reference, we compensate it to enhance the accuracy of the interrogation for large strain-amplitude vibration. The proposed sensor achieves vibration measurement with a strain resolution of 0.3 nε/√{Hz} , measurement time of 10 μs, and maximum measurable value of 34 με at the wavelength-sweep frequency of 100 kHz under the present condition. The measurement time is limited by the capability of the laser diode driver, and the maximum measurable strain would be easily enhanced by increasing the wavelength-modulation current amplitude.
Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> and Subcritical Propane Extraction of Pungent Paprika and Quantification of Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Capsaicinoids (2001)

Ground paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) and subcritical propane at different conditions of pressure and temperature to estimate the yield and variation in carotenoid, tocopherol, and capsaicinoid contents and composition. The yield of paprika extract was found to be affected by the extraction conditions with SC-CO(2) but fairly constant at different conditions with subcritical propane. The maximum yields of oleoresin were 7.9 and 8.1% of ground paprika by SC-CO(2) and subcritical propane, respectively. The quantitative distribution of carotenoids, tocopherols, and capsaicinoids between paprika extract and powder was influenced by extraction conditions. SC-CO(2) was inefficient in the extraction of diesters of xanthophylls even at 400 bar and 55 degrees C, whereas tocopherols and capsaicinoids were easy to extract at these conditions. Under mild conditions subcritical propane was superior to SC-CO(2) in the extraction of carotenoids and tocopherols but less efficient in the extraction of capsaicinoids.
Influence of the erbium and oxygen content on the electroluminescence of epitaxially grown erbium-doped silicon diodes (1997)

The electroluminescence behavior of erbium-oxygen-doped silicon light emitting diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy was studied for a fixed oxygen to erbium concentration ratio of about six. The diodes were operated in reverse bias. An increase of the erbium and oxygen content leads to a stronger erbium intensity at 5 K up to an erbium concentration of 1.5×1020 cm−3, an enhanced decrease of the erbium intensity with higher temperatures, and a shift of the temperature quenching onset to lower temperatures. The strongest erbium electroluminescence emission in reverse bias in this set of samples was obtained from annealed Si:Er-diodes doped with concentrations of 5×1019, or 1.5×1020 cm−3 erbium and 3×1020 or 3×1021 cm−3 oxygen, respectively. Electroluminescence emission due to erbium was detected up to 440 K.
Synthesis and characterization of 3H-labelled tetrahydrobiopterin (1994)

We synthesized [3'-3H]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin from [8,5'-3H]guanosine 5'-triphosphate ([8,5'-3H]GTP) using GTP cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.16), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153). After purification by cation-exchange h.p.l.c. a solution of radiochemically pure (> 95%) [3'-3H]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin with a specific activity of 9.2 Ci/mmol was obtained. The product proved well suited for studying the binding of tetrahydrobiopterin to nitric-oxide synthase.
Recognition in the wavelet domain: A survey (2001)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Radiofrequency ablation of lung tumours (2011)

Pulmonary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an increasingly adopted treatment option for primary and metastatic lung tumours. It is mainly performed in patients with unresectable or medically inoperable lung neoplasms. The immediate technical success rate is over 95%, with a low periprocedural mortality rate and 8-12% major complication rate. Pneumothorax represents the most frequent complication, but requires a chest tube drain in less than 10% of cases. Sustained complete tumour response has been reported in 85-90% of target lesions. Lesion size represents the most important risk factor for local recurrence. Survival data are still scarce, but initial results are very promising. In patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer, 1- and 2-year survival rates are within the ranges of 78-95% and 57-84%, respectively, with corresponding cancer-specific survival rates of 92% and 73%. In selected cases, the combination of RFA and radiotherapy could improve these results. In patients with colorectal lung metastasis, initial studies have reported survival data that compare favourably with the results of metastasectomy, with up to a 45% 5-year survival rate. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of RFA as a palliative treatment in more advanced disease and the possible combination of RFA with other treatment options.
Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines: Energy-Efficient Solution for Vehicles Propulsion (2008)

In this paper, the suitability of a class of electric machines for vehicle traction applications is discussed. These machines, which are known as hybrid excitation synchronous machines, combine permanent-magnet (PM) excitation with wound field excitation. The goal behind the principle of hybrid excitation is to combine the advantages of PM excited machines and wound field synchronous machines. It is shown that these machines have good flux weakening capability compared with PM machines, and that they constitute an energy-efficient solution for vehicle propulsion.
Signals for retention of transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum studied with CD4 truncation mutants. (1991)

A mutant of CD4 (CD4.Q421stop), in which the cytoplasmic C-terminal 13 amino acids were truncated, was not expressed on the surface of HeLa cells after transfection but was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Seven other truncation mutants of CD4 were expressed well on the cell surface, thus suggesting that the C-terminal amino acids of CD4.Q421stop (-Ser-Glu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Cys) may have the sequence information for ER retention. Further mutational study has revealed that two consecutive lysine residues at the third and fourth positions from the C-terminal end are sufficient for ER retention. Lysine at the fourth position, but not at the third position, from the C terminus can be replaced by arginine without disturbing ER retention. Furthermore, two lysine residues at the third and fifth positions from the C terminus also resulted in ER retention. Thus lysine at the third position and a positively charged amino acid either at the fourth or fifth position from the C terminus are sufficient for ER retention of this CD4 mutant, and possibly all transmembrane proteins. In addition to the requirement of specific amino acids at specific positions, the ER retention signal -Lys-Lys-Xaa-Xaa also requires a transmembrane region for function. By contrast -Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, which targets soluble proteins to the lumen of the ER, does not function in the presence of a transmembrane region.
DcR3/TR6 modulates immune cell interactions (2003)

DcR3/TR6, a secreted protein, is a member of TNF receptor family. Its ligands include FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A, all TNF family members. TR6 can interfere with FasL- or LTbetaR-mediated apoptosis; it can also inhibit T-cell costimulation by blocking the two-way signaling between TR2 and LIGHT, and the one-way signaling from TL1A to DR3. In this study, we discovered that TR6 was secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by T-cell mitogens. It inhibited actin polymerization of T cells upon mitogen stimulation, and repress T-cell pseudopodium formation, which is known to be important for cell-cell interaction. As a consequence, T-cell aggregation stimulated by alloantigens, anti-CD3 or PHA was suppressed by either soluble or solid phase TR6-Fc. This result suggests that TR6 might regulate T-cell interaction with other cells such as antigen-presenting cells (APC) or their fellow T cells by preventing them from forming inseparable cell clusters, which are undesirable for the progression of immune responses.
Controlling the titanium silicide penetration into the polysilicon during oxidation of TiSi<sub>2</sub>/polysilicon structures (1985)

It was found that during the oxidation of a titanium silicide/polysilicon structure, there is non-uniform consumption of the underlying polysilicon resulting in spiking of the silicide into the polysilicon layer. To eliminate this problem a layer of 400-600 Å of a-Si was deposited in situ just prior to the deposition of the silicide, on top of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon layer. This structure did not show any spiking for a 60-min oxidation at 950°C in dry O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> .
Hemoglobin Rainier (β <sup>145</sup> Tyrosine → Histidine): Alkali-Resistant Hemoglobin with Increased Oxygen Affinity (1968)

Hemoglobin Rainier, a new hemoglobin variant associated with erythrocytosis, was found in six members of a Caucasiant family. Structurally, it represents substitution of histidine for the invariant residute H23 tyrosine in the beta-hemoglobin polypeptide chain (beta(145) tyrosine --> histidine). Hemoglobin Rainier is the first example of a single amino acid substitution in adult human hemoglobin, causing increased resistance to alkali denaturation.
The spectroscopy of the plasma plume induced during laser welding of stainless steel and titanium (1997)

Results of spectroscopic measurements of laser-induced plasmas under welding conditions are presented and discussed. The metals welded were stainless steel and titanium. It is shown that the intensities of the atomic lines of metals give information on the peripheral region of the plasma plume. The plasma-plume parameters are found to be similar for these two metals. The ratios of intensities of the ionic and atomic lines of the metals give maximum temperatures of about 11 000 K. These temperatures are several thousand kelvins higher than the temperatures determined from the atomic lines. The plasma plumes over the keyhole consist of metal vapours diluted by argon used as the shielding gas. The electron densities determined from the Stark broadening of the argon lines are about . The average partial pressure of the metal vapours is found to be 0.2 atm, the argon partial pressure 0.6 atm and the remaining pressure is due to electrons. Equilibrium conditions have been examined and it has been found that the plasma is in local thermal equilibrium.
Antihypertensive action of 2-hydroxyoleic acid in SHRs via modulation of the protein kinase A pathway and Rho kinase (2006)

Olive oil consumption leads to high monounsaturated fatty acid intake, especially oleic acid, and has been associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. However, the molecular mechanisms and contribution of its different components to lower blood pressure (BP) require further evaluation. Here, we examined whether a synthetic, non-beta-oxidation-metabolizable derivative of oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA), can normalize BP in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and whether its antihypertensive action involves cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and Rho kinase, two major regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction. Oral administration of 2-OHOA to SHRs induced sustained systolic BP decreases in a time-dependent (1-7 days) and dose-dependent (100-900 mg/kg every 12 h) manner. After 7 days of treatment with 2-OHOA (600 mg/kg), the systolic BP of SHRs was similar to that of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats, returning to its initial hypertensive level after withdrawal of 2-OHOA. This treatment strongly increased the protein expression of the catalytic and regulatory RIalpha and RIIalpha PKA subunits as well as PKA activity in aortas from SHRs. Consistently, administration of the PKA inhibitor 8-bromo adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp isomer, to 2-OHOA-treated SHRs induced a pronounced reversal (up to 59%) of the antihypertensive effect of 2-OHOA. Additionally, 2-OHOA completely reversed the pathological overexpression of aortic Rho kinase found in SHRs, suppressing the vasoconstrictory Rho kinase pathway.
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction (2007)

Abstract Catalyst‐controlled enantioselective nitroaldol (or Henry) reactions are presented. These reactions represent powerful C–C bond‐forming tools and the resulting nitro alcohol (nitroaldol) products can be transformed into a number of nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing derivatives (nitroalkenes, amino alcohols, amino acids etc.). In addition to substrate‐controlled nitroaldol reactions (not covered), catalytic systems that provide good stereoselectivity have been developed in recent years. Through the use of preformed silyl nitronates as activated substrates, catalytic systems involving metallic Lewis acids or tetraalkylammonium salts have been deployed in fluoride‐mediated nitroaldol reactions. In a further advance, catalytic systems capable of promoting direct nitroaldol reactions between unmodified nitroalkanes and aldehydes (ketones) with high yields and stereoselectivities have been developed. To this end, ambifunctional systems based on La, Zn, Cu, Co and Mg metal species are described, together with some organocatalysts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simultaneous super-resolution and 3D video using graph-cuts (2008)

This paper presents a new method to increase the quality of 3D video, a new media developed to represent 3D objects in motion. This representation is obtained from multi-view reconstruction techniques that require images recorded simultaneously by several video cameras. All cameras are calibrated and placed around a dedicated studio to fully surround the models. The limited quality and quantity of cameras may produce inaccurate 3D model reconstruction with low quality texture. To overcome this issue, first we propose super-resolution (SR) techniques for 3D video: SR on multi-view images and SR on single-view video frames. Second, we propose to combine both super-resolution and dynamic 3D shape reconstruction problems into a unique Markov Random Field (MRF) energy formulation. The MRF minimization is performed using graph-cuts. Thus, we jointly compute the optimal solution for super-resolved texture and 3D shape model reconstruction. Moreover, we propose a coarse-to-fine strategy to iteratively produce 3D video with increasing quality. Our experiments show the accuracy and robustness of the proposed technique on challenging 3D video sequences.
Nicht-invasive Kontrolle thermischer Therapien mit Hilfe des Ultraschalls (2001)

Bei der Behandlung von Tumoren und Metastasen werden neben der moderaten Hyperthermie auch minimalinvasive, thermotherapeutische Verfahren als Alternativen zur chirurgischen Resektion und / oder zur Unterstützung der Radio- und Chemotherapie angewandt, bei denen das Gewebe lokal begrenzt zur gezielten Zerstörung durch Koagulation auf Temperaturen bis zu 100 °C erhitzt wird. Dabei zeigen besonders die interstitiellen Techniken bei der Behandlung von Lebermetastasen und Prostataerkrankungen vielversprechende Ergebnisse, jedoch steht derzeit neben der Magnetresonanztomographie kein kostengünstiges, routinemäßig einsetzbares Verfahren zur nicht-invasiven on-line Therapiekontrolle zur Verfügung, so daß diese Eingriffe meist "blind", auf anatomische Normwerte und praktische Erfahrungen des Arztes gestützt, durchgeführt werden. In dieser Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten der nicht-invasiven Ultraschall Kontrolle der Thermotherapien am Beispiel der laserinduzierten interstitiellen Thermotherapie untersucht und zwei Ultraschallverfahren zur Therapiekontrolle vorgeschlagen. Das erste Verfahren basiert auf der Auswertung von lokalen Veränderungen der Laufzeit des Schallsignals zur Ermittelung der Temperaturverteilung im Gewebe. Es beruht physikalisch auf der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Schallgeschwindigkeit. Das zweite Verfahren basiert physikalisch auf den Dämpfungseigenschaften von biologischem Gewebe und deren Abhängigkeit von der Gewebestruktur. Mit diesem Verfahren werden Veränderungen in der Frequenzabhängikeit der Dämpfung quantitativ ausgewertet und somit auf den Gewebezustand geschlossen. Beide Verfahren werden im Hinblick auf den klinischen Einsatz entwickelt und in ein experimentelles System zur Therapiekontrolle implementiert, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Entstehung von Störungen und Artefakten durch Patientenbewegungen gelegt und eine Methode zur Kompensation dieser Bewegungen vorgestellt wird. Anhand von in vitro Experimenten und einer ersten in vivo Messung wird gezeigt, daß beide Verfahren zur Therapiekontrolle von thermischen Therapien in Echtzeit tauglich sind. Sowohl anhand von Temperaturkarten als auch anhand von Strukturkarten kann die Läsionsausbreitung während der Therapie nicht-invasiv ermittelt und dargestellt werden.
A hypothesis-test technique for narrowband interference suppression in spread spectrum systems (2002)

A method for improved narrowband interference suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum systems is proposed. The method is based on testing hypotheses for the transmitted data bits. Under each hypothesis, an adaptive interference estimate is made and subtracted from the received signal prior to despreading. The final bit decision is made in favor of the hypothesis which results in the least squared error of the estimated data bit. In this manner, the task of providing the interference estimator with the value of the transmitted signal and the task of bit detection are accomplished simultaneously. By using the hypothesized values of the transmitted signal instead of feeding back temporary chip decisions, the problem of unreliable decisions, as well as the problem of delay, inherent in conventional decision feedback interference suppression methods, is eliminated. The algorithm performance is evaluated in simulation and compared to a number of conventional techniques. Results demonstrate better performance than both linear and several decision feedback methods based on both hard and soft decisions.
Halogenodisilanes (1970)

The syntheses of bromo-, chloro-, and fluoro-disilanes are reported, and the preliminary identification of 1-bromo-1-chlorodisilane and 1-bromo-1,1-dichlorodisilane. The 1H and 19F n.m.r. parameters of these and related compounds are reported and discussed.
A thermo-sensitive electrical parameter with maximum dIC/dt during turn-off for high power Trench/Field-Stop IGBT modules (2016)

Junction temperature monitoring of IGBT modules is crucial for power devices in high power applications. In this paper, a thermo-sensitive electrical parameter based on the maximum collector current falling rate -dIC/dtmax for trench/field-stop IGBT junction temperature extraction is outlined. The inherent monotonic relationship between the maximum collector current falling rate and chip temperature is explored. Fortunately, the intrinsic parasitic inductance LeE of IGBT module can be directly used as the maximum collector current falling rate sensor. Experimental measurements of Trench/Field-Stop IGBT module rated at 1700V/3600A are implemented to show that the dependence between the IGBT chip temperature and maximum collector current falling rate approximates in a linear way. This indicates that the collector current falling rate is a potential thermo-sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) for high power IGBT modules junction temperature extraction.