gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport of EDTA into cells of the EDTA-degrading bacterial strain DSM 9103 (1999)

In the bacterial strain DSM 9103, which is able to grow with the complexing agent EDTA as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy, the transport of EDTA into whole cells was investigated. EDTA uptake was found to be dependent on speciation: free EDTA and metal-EDTA complexes with low stability constants were readily taken up, whereas those with stability constants higher than 1016 were not transported. In EDTA-grown cells, initial transport rates of CaEDTA showed substrate-saturation kinetics with a high apparent affinity for CaEDTA (affinity constant Kt= 0.39 microM). Several uncouplers had an inhibitory effect on CaEDTA transport. CaEDTA uptake was also significantly reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of ATPase and the ionophore nigericin, which dissipates the proton gradient. Valinomycin, however, which affects the electrical potential, had little effect on uptake, indicating that EDTA transport is probably driven by the proton gradient. Of various structurally related compounds tested only Ca2+-complexed diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (CaDTPA) competitively inhibited CaEDTA transport. Uptake in fumarate-grown cells was low compared to that measured in EDTA-grown bacteria. These results strongly suggest that the first step in EDTA degradation by strain DSM 9103 consists of transport by an inducible energy-dependent carrier. Uptake experiments with 45Ca2+ in the presence and absence of EDTA indicated that Ca2+ is transported together with EDTA into the cells. In addition, these transport studies and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis of electron-dense intracellular bodies present in EDTA-grown cells suggest that two mechanisms acting simultaneously allow the cells to cope with the large amounts of metal ions taken up together with EDTA. In one mechanism the metal ions are excreted, in the other they are inactivated intracellularly in polyphosphate granules.
Lack of effects of human calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta (1985)

The effects of human calcitonin on bone mineral content and certain biochemical markers of bone metabolism were evaluated in a 2-12 month treatment period in seven patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. S-calcium, S-alkaline phosphatase, S-immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium were found to be within the normal range before and during the treatment period. After 4-5 months of therapy, a slight increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed, but the values were still within the normal range. The bone mineral content, measured in the forearm, remained unchanged during the treatment period. Side effects were common, in two cases resulting in discontinuation of the treatment. We concluded that, with the dose of human calcitonin used, it was impossible to detect any beneficial effect in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
On the use of proper orthogonal decomposition to describe inflow turbulence and wind turbine loads (2005)

ABSTRACT: We discuss an application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to characterize the in-flow turbulence random field experienced by a wind turbine. A methodology is proposed that employs low-dimensional POD models of the turbulence field to predict the wind turbine load statistics for the design pur-poses. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is assessed by evaluating rates of convergence of load statistics derived based on different numbers of inflow POD modes. Influence on convergence due to different spatial and temporal sampling resolutions of the inflow data is also investigated. Results suggest that the appropriate number of POD modes needed to accurately describe wind turbine blade and tower loads depends primarily on the dynamic characteristics of the turbine loads under consideration as well as on the rotational sampling of the inflow turbulence. In general, a small number of inflow POD modes can faithfully account for the low-frequency energy in the turbine load measures studied. At higher frequencies, where the inflow turbulence field exhibits weak coherence at spatial separations on the order of rotor dimensions, a larger number of modes may be required. Based on this study limited to a single two-bladed 600 kW wind turbine, results from several spatial and temporal samplings of the inflow turbulence show that data from spatial grids with dimensions on the order of one-third the rotor diameter and sampling frequencies of 2.5-5 Hz or higher can yield adequate representations of important POD modes useful for establishing accurate turbine loads. This was verified by comparing loads resulting from such efficient POD representations of inflow fields with those from sampled data on very fine grids and at high sampling rates. 1
Early effect of Botox-A injection into the masseter muscle of rats: functional and histological evaluation (2015)

BTX injection to the masseter muscle in rats demonstrated short food-intake-rate reduction with recovery until 10 days after injection. The thickness of the masseter muscle and MYH2 expression were significantly changed according to the injected dose of BTX.
Influence of dietary n-3 fatty acids on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (1990)

We have investigated the effect of elevated n-3 (omega-3) fatty acid content in the diet on arrhythmias, ischemic damage, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the reperfused left ventricular free wall (LVFW). Weanling rats were fed purified diets in which the lipid was replaced with either corn oil (CO) or menhaden oil (MO). After 4 wk, MO feeding resulted in significant elevations in both the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids and the unsaturation index in myocardial phospholipids. Rats were subjected to 15 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion. After 6 h of reperfusion of the left coronary artery there was significantly less creatine kinase (CK) lost from the LVFW of rats fed MO. Leukocyte infiltration into the LVFW, as measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, was also significantly reduced with MO feeding at 6 h. Arrhythmias were studied in a separate group of 17 rats; both the incidence and severity of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were significantly reduced during the ischemic and reperfusion periods with MO feeding. After 24 h of reperfusion there was also significantly less CK lost from the LVFW of MO-fed rats; however, there was no significant difference in tissue MPO activity in ventricular homogenates. Survival after 24 h of reperfusion was 76% (16/21) for MO- and 41% (9/22) for CO-fed rats. The data suggest a protective effect for dietary MO in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, which may involve both an early reduction in leukocyte infiltration and a reduction in the incidence of fatal arrhythmias.
Learning Bayesian Networks with the bnlearn R Package (2009)

bnlearn is an R package which includes several algorithms for learning the structure of Bayesian networks with either discrete or continuous variables. Both constraint-based and score-based algorithms are implemented, and can use the functionality provided by the snow package to improve their performance via parallel computing. Several network scores and conditional independence algorithms are available for both the learning algorithms and independent use. Advanced plotting options are provided by the Rgraphviz package.
Structure and ferroelectric properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>5.5</sub>thin films by laser deposition (1994)

Abstract c-axis oriented thin films of Bi2VO5.5 (BVO), an n=1 member of the Aurivillius family, have been grown on SrTiO3(STO) by pulsed laser deposition. Metallic LaNiO3(LNO) films have been grown on STO and SiO2/Si(100) substrates; c-axis oriented BVO have been depositied on the lattice matched LNO/STO and LNO/SiO2/Si where the LNO film acts as an electrode. Trilayer structures, Au/BVO/LNO/STO, LNO/BVO/LNO/STO and Au/BVO/LNO/SiO2/Si have been fabricated and ferroelectric properties of BVO have been confirmed from hysteresis loop measurements. The remnant polarization and coercive field are about 4×10−8 C/cm2 and 25 kV/cm respectively. The dielctric constant of the film was comparable to that of bulk BVO.
[The relief of postoperative pain by suppositories of buprenorphine or NSAID]. (1996)

We evaluated the effects of suppositories of buprenorphine (BN) or NSAID (supp.) preoperatively administered for postoperative pain relief in patients who underwent elective gynecological surgeries. Fifty six patients were randomized into four groups: group B; 0.4 mg BN supp., group B+I; 0.4 mg BN supp. and 50 mg indomethacine (IND) supp., group B+D; 0.4 mg BN supp. and 50 mg diclofenac supp., group C; no supp. given as control. They were administered rectally after induction of general anesthesia. In all the supp. groups the patients had good pain relief during the first 24 hrs after the administration of supp. Group B+I seemed to have better pain relief, but, there was no statistical significance among the 3 groups. Nausea and vomiting were observed more frequently in group B and in control group C than in NSAIDs combined groups. The difference in the incidence rates was not significant. In conclusion, the simultaneous administration of BN and IND supp. was considered to be useful for postoperative pain relief without producing major side effects.
A general purpose cell sequencer/scheduler for ATM switches (2002)

Groups of cells, such as cells belonging to different priority levels, that are all placed in one queue, can be identified by using labels or tags to distinguish them from each other. We describe a buffering device called a sequencer, which can distinguish logical queues within the same physical queue, and at the same time can successfully schedule the service among these logical queues. Scheduling the service among cells, VCs, or groups of cells in ATM switches is necessary to provide guaranteed QoS for each connection which is a major goal of ATM networks. The proposed sequencer is quite flexible and can realize different scheduling algorithms in different levels, including per VC scheduling. The sequencer can operate in real time and at very high speeds. It has a simple and modular architecture and can be implemented in a single chip. The site of the buffer can be increased simply by cascading several sequencers. The sequencer can be used as a traffic shaper, input buffer, output buffer, or a queue controller of RAM-based switches.
A bilingual advantage for episodic memory in older adults (2012)

The ability to remember events - referred to as episodic memory - is typically subject to decline in older adulthood. Episodic memory decline has been attributed in part to less successful executive functioning, which may hinder an older adult's ability to implement controlled encoding and retrieval processes. Since bilingual older adults often show more successful executive functioning than monolinguals, they may be better able to maintain episodic memory. To examine this hypothesis, we compared bilingual and monolingual older adults on a picture scene recall task (assessing episodic memory) and a Simon task (assessing executive functioning). Bilinguals exhibited better episodic memory than their monolingual peers, recalling significantly more items overall. Within the bilingual group, earlier second language acquisition and more years speaking two languages were associated with better recall. Bilinguals also demonstrated higher executive functioning, and there was evidence that level of executive functioning was related to memory performance. Results indicate that extensive practice controlling two languages may benefit episodic memory in older adults.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>promotes cell survival of glomerular epithelial cells via the EP4 receptor (2006)

Visceral glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) are crucial for glomerular permselectivity and structural integrity in the kidney. The current study addressed the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its product prostaglandin (PG) E2 in GEC survival. We generated a subclone of cultured rat GEC, which overexpress COX-2 in an inducible manner. When COX-2 was induced, GEC survived better in serum-deprived conditions. Induction of COX-2 was correlated with increased PGE2 generation, increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, decreased apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. Rat GEC abundantly expressed the EP4 isoform of PGE2 receptor. Induction of COX-2 and addition of exogenous PGE2 both lead to decreased serum deprivation-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by activation of the survival kinase Akt. Anti-apoptotic effect of COX-2 induction was reversed by the specific inhibitor of the EP4 receptor, L-161982. PGE2 also inhibited puromycin aminonucleoside-induced GEC apoptosis in vitro. Acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) is a rat model of GEC injury and proteinuria. In rats with PAN, glomerular apoptosis, quantified as caspase-3 activity, as well as urinary protein excretion were significantly increased, compared with control rats. Administration of L-161982 in rats with PAN further exacerbated caspase-3 activation and proteinuria. Thus COX-2 and its product PGE2 may have anti-apoptotic/protective effect on GEC via the EP4 receptor of PGE2.
<scp>Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation</scp>, in the Series–Major Problems in Clinical Pediatrics, vol. VII, by David W. Smith, M.D. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1970, 368 pp., $16.00 (1971)

Dr. David Smith is well known for his clinical descriptions of malformation syndromes. He was one of the team of clinicians and investigators that first described the D1 trisomy syndrome. To this clinical expertise he has more recently added a year of study in embryology under Dr. Gian Töndury of Zurich. The present volume is the summation of these experiences and represents one of the few attempts by a clinician to integrate the embryologic with the clinical approach to malformations.
Graphene‐Based Nanoporous Materials Assembled by Mediation of Polyoxometalate Nanoparticles (2010)

Abstract A kind of graphene‐based nanoporous material is prepared through assembling graphene sheets mediated through polyoxometalate nanoparticles. Owing to the strong interaction between graphene and polyoxometalate, 2D graphene sheets with honeycomb‐latticed carbon atoms could assemble into a porous structure, in which 3D polyoxometalate nanoparticles serve as the crosslinkers. Nitrogen and hydrogen sorption analysis reveal that the as‐prepared graphene‐based hybrid material possesses a specific surface area of 680 m 2 g −1 and a hydrogen uptake volume of 0.8−1.3 wt%. Infrared spectrometry is used to probe the electron density changes of polyoxometalate particle in the redox‐cycle and to verify the interaction between graphene and polyoxometalate. The as‐prepared graphene‐based materials are further characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Optimizing Antenna Size to Maximize Photosynthetic Efficiency (2010)

The theoretical upper limit for the operational efficiency of plant photosynthesis has been estimated from a detailed stepwise analysis of the biophysical and biochemical subprocesses to be about 4.6% for C3 and 6.0% C4 plants ([Zhu et al., 2008][1], [2010][2]). (These estimates assume a leaf
Cell cycle progression of glutathione-depleted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited at S phase. (1989)

Glutathione (GSH) the most abundant nonprotein thiol, is involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox state. In this capacity it may influence lymphocyte responsiveness to various stimuli. We have investigated the requirement of GSH during the activation and proliferation of PBMC. The intracellular GSH content of PBMC was altered by continuous culture or pretreatment with buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Initial experiments demonstrated that the addition of BSO at the initiation of culture, or shortly thereafter (6 hr), inhibited DNA synthesis and produced a simultaneous decrease in intracellular GSH. It was necessary that the BSO be present in the culture for at least 24 hr prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis for maximal inhibition. Cell cycle analysis revealed that BSO did not affect the entry and progression of PBMC through G1 of the cell cycle, however, entry into S-phase was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. These results were further substantiated by the inability of BSO to inhibit IL-2 production and expression of the IL-2R. In addition the timely expression of the transferrin receptor by BSO-treated cells indicated that the block occurred at the G1/S transition. The influence of GSH on early activation events was determined by BSO pretreatments. Lowering the intracellular GSH level of PBMC to less than 10% of the initial content prior to mitogenic stimulation did not impair the ability of these cells to produce IL-2 and express IL-2R, indicating that GSH may not be involved in the generation and response to early activation signals. Furthermore, the removal of BSO from these cultures rapidly reversed its inhibitory effects on DNA and GSH synthesis. In the course of these studies we also observed a modest (17%) albeit consistent increase during activation in the total thiol levels of GSH-depleted PBMC. These thiols may have a key role in the activation process. These data support our hypothesis that GSH is required for lymphocyte proliferation and that additional thiols are involved during the activation process.
Nicardipine in the treatment of raynaud's phenomenon (1987)

A new calcium channel blocker, nicardipine, was studied for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial during the winter months. Clinical response was assessed by a patient-kept diary of symptoms and finger systolic pressure that was measured at room temperature and during cold challenge. In vivo platelet activation was determined by measuring plasma levels of the platelet-specific proteins, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. When treatment with placebo was compared with treatment with nicardipine, no significant differences were found in the number of Raynaud's attacks per day, the severity of attacks, change in character in Raynaud's phenomenon, use of hands in winter months, patient assessment of medication or objective measurements of finger systolic pressure, and critical closing temperature. There was a reduction of plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in the overall study group while taking nicardipine compared with that during the placebo period (mean change 5.0 +/- 2.4 ng/ml, P = 0.054, and 1.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, P less than 0.01, respectively). These results demonstrate that while nicardipine was not effective in reducing the episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon, it did inhibit in vivo platelet activation. These findings suggest that platelet activation is not the primary event in the pathogenesis of acute vasospasm in Raynaud's phenomenon, since reduction of platelet activation by the drug did not change the severity of vasospasm.
Abrogation of <i>De novo</i> Lipogenesis by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Inhibition Interferes with Oncogenic Signaling and Blocks Prostate Cancer Progression in Mice (2010)

Increased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is one hallmark of tumor cells, including prostate cancer. We present here our most recent results showing that lipid composition in human prostate cancer is characterized by an increased ratio of monounsaturated FA to saturated FA, compared with normal prostate, and evidence the overexpression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in human prostate cancer. As a new therapeutic strategy, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of SCD1 activity impairs lipid synthesis and results in decreased proliferation of both androgen-sensitive and androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells, abrogates the growth of prostate tumor xenografts in nude mice, and confers therapeutic benefit on animal survival. We show that these changes in lipid synthesis are translated into the inhibition of the AKT pathway and that the decrease in concentration of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate might at least partially mediate this effect. Inhibition of SCD1 also promotes the activation of AMP-activated kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha/beta, the latter on being consistent with a decrease in beta-catenin activity and mRNA levels of various beta-catenin growth-promoting transcriptional targets. Furthermore, we show that SCD1 activity is required for cell transformation by Ras oncogene. Together, our data support for the first time the concept of targeting the lipogenic enzyme SCD1 as a new promising therapeutic approach to block oncogenesis and prostate cancer progression.
The Dollar and the Federal Funds Rate (1994)

Dollar, American; Federal funds market (United States)
The grapes of wrath의 Ma Joad에 관한 고찰 -가족의 기둥형 역할을 중심으로- (2007)

The purpose of this paper is to study on Ma Joad as a character who is reputed to be a pillar in John Steinbeck`s The Grapes of Wrath. Chapter II of this study deals with the unusual structure and biblical symbols of The Grapes of Wrath. In the even chapters the story of The Grapes of Wrath is unfolded, and in the odd chapters, the background of the novel is described. Steinbeck planned to show his readers realities. And the story of The Grapes of Wrath is assimilated into Exodus, also the characters of the Joads are found upon Bible. Chapter Ⅲ studies on Ma Joad, a strong citadel of the family, eventually comes out of her intense loyalty to her own family and extended her hands to other people. She is the symbol of a relief and carries great responsibility. Ma possesses the stronger personality than Pa. She is kind and generous but also has determination and will-power. She understands each members qualities and she provides the appropriate responses to each one. And finally, Ma Joad leads her selfish daughter, Rose of Sharon, to displays a compassion which has not appeared in her previously. So the wrath is overcome by love.
Pharmacological approaches to methamphetamine dependence: a focused review (2010)

Methamphetamine dependence is a serious worldwide public health problem with major medical, psychiatric, socioeconomic and legal consequences. Various neuronal mechanisms implicated in methamphetamine dependence have suggested several pharmacological approaches. A literature search from a range of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, the NIDA research monograph index and the reference list of clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted for the period from January 1985 to October 2009. There were no restrictions on the identification or inclusion of studies in terms of publication status, language and design type. A variety of medications have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials, including a dopamine partial agonist (aripiprazole), GABAergic agents (gabapentin) and serotonergic agents (SSRI, ondansetron, mirtazapine). Three double-blind placebo-controlled trials using modafinil, bupropion and naltrexone have shown positive results in reducing amphetamine or methamphetamine use. Two studies employing agonist replacement medications, one with d-amphetamine and the other with methylphenidate, have also shown promise. Despite the lack of success in most studies to date, increasing efforts are being made to develop medications for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence and several promising agents are targets of further research.