gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of magnetic resonance probes using one-pot method for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

The synthesized probes using one-pot method can be used for in vitro experimental study and have potential clinical application in MR imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinomas.
Mutations in the <i>PCSK9</i> gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (2004)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Aminoguanidines: New leads for treatment of Giardia duodenalis infection (2019)

Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous parasitic pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Failures in drug therapy are commonly due to poor patient compliance as a result of the need for repeated administration, off target drug effects and increasing parasite drug resistance. In this study the in vitro efficacy and selectivity of the aminoguanidine compound robenidine and 2 structural analogues against Giardia were determined. After 5 h exposure to each compound the IC<sub>50</sub> was as low as 0.2 μM with corresponding MLCs as low as 2.8 μM. This is in contrast to metronidazole which required 24 h to exhibit inhibitory activity. A modified adherence assay, developed for this study, demonstrated that three of the compounds inhibited in vitro adherence of the parasite. The lead compound exhibited rapid giardicidal activity (<5hr). In addition, microscopy studies demonstrated damage to the plasma membrane of trophozoites. In conclusion, a class of aminoguanidines, represented by robenidine, has shown antigiardial activity warranting further investigation.
Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation of Skin Improvement after Treatment with a New 50% Pyruvic Acid Peel (2006)

This innovative formulation of 50% pyruvic acid peel has been shown to be safe and effective to treat photodamage, melasma, and superficial scarring, allowing the patients to carry out regularly their working life as well as their social life. Furthermore, the results have been evaluated by means of noninvasive devices, which have permitted one to quantify the improvements.
Edge based region growing (2004)

Quite often, in grey level image segmentation, the objects to be delineated are found in regions of non-uniform illumination. In these cases, using thresholds derived from intensity-based algorithms cannot yield good segmentation performance. Region growing techniques have been shown to perform well under these situations. In this paper, a novel edge based region growing method is presented. Two kinds of seeds (pixels) - hot and cold, are defined near edges (of objects) and both kinds of regions are grown from these seeds simultaneously. In this paper, the approach is not sensitive to the parameters, for example the sizes of different operators and the thresholds in edge detection and edge region detection. This technique produces good segmentation results, even for cases of images with non-uniform illumination.
Design and Optimization of a Compact Superconducting Quadruplexer at VHF-Band With an Accurate Equivalent Circuit Model (2013)

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of a manifold-coupled superconducting quadruplexer at VHF-band. The quadruplexer consists of four individually designed channel filters with a bandwidth of 400 kHz centered at 216, 224, 232, and 240 MHz, respectively, connected to a common manifold. The complex interactions between the channel filters make the design and optimization of the quadruplexer difficult and even impossible. An equivalent circuit for the manifold and the capacitive external couplings of the four channel filters in the quadruplexer is presented. The parameters of the equivalent circuit are accurately extracted from electromagnetic simulations. Afterward, the equivalent circuit is optimized to compensate for the interactions between the channel filters and obtain a good common-port return loss and channel transfer characteristics. Thereafter, the design of the individual channel filters is improved according to the optimized parameters of the equivalent circuit. The superconducting quadruplexer is successfully designed and fabricated. The measurements show high performance and match well with the simulations. The experimental insertion losses of the four channels are less than 0.45 dB, the center frequency discrepancies of the four channels are less than 40 kHz, the common-port return loss is greater than 16.3 dB, and the out-of-band rejection is higher than 90 dB. Moreover, a high isolation greater than 75 dB between the channels is achieved.
Gamma-Ray Induced 2 eV Optical Absorption Band in Pure-Silica Core Fibers (1987)

Gamma-ray induced 2 eV band appears at different wavelengths depending on the OH-group content. It is found that 2 eV band formed in low-OH content fibers, formerly ascribed to another precursor, is caused by non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC, Si-O·), as is the one formed in high-OH content fibers. The differences in peak wevelength and in oscillator strength are responsible for hydrogen bonding between NBOHC and a nearby OH-group. The NBOHC with a hydrogen bond in the shape of Si-O····H-O-Si formed more in high-OH content fibers absorbs light around 600 nm, while it absorbs around 630 nm when it exists without forming a hydrogen bond (Si-O·).
A computational model of the auditory periphery for speech and hearing research. I. Ascending path (1994)

A dual analog/digital model of the ascending path through the entire auditory periphery is described. The analog representation consists of the concatenation of electrical circuit submodels for (a) the diffraction of the external ear system; (b) the propagation through the concha and auditory canal; (c) the transmission through the middle ear; (d) the basilar membrane motion and cochlear hydrodynamics; (e) the fast motile mechanism of the outer hair cells; and (f) the neural transduction process of the inner hair cells. Time-domain numerical solutions are obtained by applying the technique of wave digital filtering onto the resulting analog circuit. The present version of the model reproduces the sound pressure gain at the eardrum for lateral sound incidence, the vibration characteristics of the stapes, and the low-frequency attenuation provided by the stapedial muscle. Source elements in the cochlear module provide level-dependent basilar membrane tuning curves leading to dynamic compression of input signals near the characteristic frequency/place. The output is the tonotopic distribution of firing activity in the auditory nerve. A companion article addresses the modeling of the descending paths [C. Giguère and P. C. Woodland, J. Acoust, Soc. Am. 94, 343-349 (1993)].
Using Bulk Built-In Current Sensors and recomputing techniques to mitigate transient faults in microprocessors (2009)

This work presents the application of a recomputing-based correction technique to mitigate radiation effects on integrated processors. The recomputing process is associated to bulk built-in current sensors (BICS) capable of detecting variations in the bulk current due to a particle strike in the circuit silicon area. An 8051 microprocessor is considered as case study. This work focuses on the mitigation of single event transient (SET) faults affecting the execution of the microcontroller instructions. VHDL descriptions of the microcontroller and of the bulk-BICS are simulated and results show that recomputing the instruction, when the BICS indicates a particle strike, is an efficient way to prevent processing errors. The resulting SET-resistant microcontroller presents low area and performance overheads.
Adaptive Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection for QPSK Coherent Optical Communication System (2014)

A novel Viterbi-type adaptive maximum likelihood sequence detection algorithm is developed and investigated in coherent optical communication systems in the presence of both laser phase noise and nonlinear phase noise. Compared with the nonadaptive version, it can self-adjust the effective memory length of the phase estimator and automatically deliver the optimum bit-error rate performance without requiring any prior statistical knowledge of the optical channel. The phase error variance of the estimator is also analytically investigated.
Intentional pulp capping: a clinical perspective of the adhesive experience. (1999)

The objective of the accompanying pictorial essay is to give a clinical perspective of the author's experience with intentional pulp capping over the past seven years. The focus of this paper is the detailed examination of the clinical variables which influence the quality of the "seal" surrounding the exposed pulpal tissues.
Peak broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis (1997)

A review on peak broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis in free solutions is given which covers a selection of the literature published on this topic over the period mainly between 1992 and the beginning of 1997 (consisting of 71 publications). The contributions to peak dispersion from extracolumn effects (e.g. due to the finite length of the injection zone, or the aperture of the detector), from longitudinal diffusion, Joule heating, electromigration dispersion (concentration overload), a different path length of the solute ions, wall adsorption, laminar flow and the (longitudinally) homogeneous or nonhomogeneous electroosmotic flow are described. The latter may also occur when a longitudinally nonhomogeneous radial electric field is applied. Peak dispersion is depicted either by the plate-height model, or the concentration of the solute as a function of space and time is calculated either analytically or numerically by solving the equation of continuity with appropriate initial and boundary conditions and possibly completed by equations governing further quantities.
Can <i>n</i>-type doping of diamond be achieved by Li or Na ion implantation? (1993)

The electrical conductivity of Na- and Li-implanted diamond is investigated. The highest conductivities are obtained for high dose implantations followed by thermal graphitization of the heavily damaged layer and chemical removal of the graphitized layer. The temperature dependence of the resistivity is measured, yielding activation energies of 0.2 eV for Li (400&lt;T&lt;680 K) and for Na 0.13 eV (220&lt;T&lt;400 K) and 0.21 eV (415&lt;T&lt;670 K). Analysis of the data shows that the conduction may be understood in terms of variable range hopping between implant sites in the crystal rather than due to thermal activation.
Effect of Fuels on Exercise Capacity in Muscle Phosphoglycerate Mutase Deficiency (2005)

Although the clinical manifestations of PGAMD mimic McArdle disease with respect to the presence of exertional muscle cramps, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria, this study shows that cycle exercise responses are strikingly different.
Construction of a stereotaxic DTI atlas with full diffusion tensor information for studying white matter maturation from childhood to adolescence using tractography‐based segmentations (2009)

Reconstruction of white matter (WM) fiber tracts based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is increasingly being used in clinical and research settings to study normal and pathological WM tissue as well as the maturation of this WM tissue. Such fiber tracking (FT) methodology, however, is highly dependent on the manual delineation of anatomical landmarks and the algorithm settings, often rendering the reproducibility and reliability questionable. Predefining these regions of interest on a fractional anisotropy (FA) atlas in standard space has already been shown to improve the reliability of FT results. In this paper, we constructed a new DTI atlas, which contains the complete diffusion tensor information in ICBM152 coordinates. From this high-dimensional DTI atlas, and using robust FT protocols, we reconstructed a large number of WM tracts. Subsequently, we created tract masks from these fiber tract bundles and evaluated the atlas framework by comparing the reproducibility of the results obtained from our standardized tract masks with regions-of-interest labels from the conventional FA-based WM atlas. Finally, we assessed laterality and age-related WM changes in 42 normal subjects aged 0 to 18 years using these tractography-derived tract segmentations. In agreement with previous literature, we observed an FA increase with age, which was mainly due to the decrease of perpendicular diffusivity. In addition, major functional pathways in the language, motor, and limbic system, showed a significant asymmetry in terms of the observed diffusion metrics.
Amorphous oxygen-rich molybdenum oxysulfide Decorated p-type silicon microwire Arrays for efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction (2015)

We report the fabrication of p-type silicon (Si) photocathodes consisting of well-ordered Si microwire (Si-MW) arrays coupled with non-precious and earth-abundant amorphous oxygen-rich molybdenum oxysulfide (MoOxSy) as both a hydrogen evolution catalyst and a passivation layer. The MoOxSy is conformally grown on the Si-MW surface through photo-assisted cyclic voltammetric (CV) deposition. By adjusting the cycle numbers of the CV deposition, Si-MW array electrodes with different MoOxSy catalyst loadings (Si-MWs@MoOxSy) have been obtained and comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. The photoelectrochemical performance of the Si-MWs@MoOxSy cathodes toward water reduction is investigated and compared with that of platinum nanoparticle decorated Si-MW array electrodes (Si-MWs@PtNPs). An optimized Si-MWs@MoOxSy photocathode is found to exhibit activity comparable to that of the Si-MWs@PtNPs one, with a much better stability in acidic medium. In neutral electrolyte, Si-MWs@MoOxSy outperforms Si-MWs@PtNPs in terms of both activity and stability. Given the low materials cost, easy and well-established electrode fabrication procedure, and high demonstrated photoelectrochemical performance, the Si-MWs@MoOxSy arrays reported here hold substantial promise for use as low-cost and efficient photocathodes for water reduction.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the GADD34:PP1 eIF2α Phosphatase (2015)

The attenuation of protein synthesis via the phosphorylation of eIF2α is a major stress response of all eukaryotic cells. The growth-arrest- and DNA-damage-induced transcript 34 (GADD34) bound to the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is the necessary eIF2α phosphatase complex that returns mammalian cells to normal protein synthesis following stress. The molecular basis by which GADD34 recruits PP1 and its substrate eIF2α are not fully understood, hindering our understanding of the remarkable selectivity of the GADD34:PP1 phosphatase for eIF2α. Here, we report detailed structural and functional analyses of the GADD34:PP1 holoenzyme and its recruitment of eIF2α. The data highlight independent interactions of PP1 and eIF2α with GADD34, demonstrating that GADD34 functions as a scaffold both in vitro and in cells. This work greatly enhances our molecular understanding of a major cellular eIF2α phosphatase and establishes the foundation for future translational work.
Small Islands Create Big Disputes (2012)

The Japanese Government’s move to purchase the disputed DiaoyuIslands fuels tensions between China and Japan THIS year marks the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan;but it has turned out to be the coldest year in bilateral relations between
A unified approach to separation assurance and collision avoidance for flight management systems (2016)

The introduction of dedicated software functions for separation assurance and collision avoidance in Next Generation Flight Management Systems (NG-FMS) has the potential to enable significant advances in the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) operational context. In this paper, key elements of the NG-FMS architecture are presented that allow planning and optimisation of 4-dimensional trajectories. The NG-FMS is designed to be fully interoperable with a future ground based 4DT Planning, Negotiation and Validation (4-PNV) system, enabling automated Trajectory/Intent-Based Operations (TBO/IBO). This paper addresses one of the key technological challenges for integrating UAS in non-segregated airspace by implementing suitable\nhardware and software (data fusion) techniques for cooperative and non-cooperative separation assurance and collision avoidance tasks. The sensor/system providing the most reliable separation maintenance and collision avoidance solution is automatically selected and this approach provides robustness in all flight phases supporting all-weather and trusted autonomous\noperations. The mathematical algorithms employed in the unified approach to cooperative and non-cooperative separation assurance and collision avoidance scenarios are presented. In this\nmethod, navigation and tracking errors affecting the host platform and intruder sensor measurements are translated to unified range and bearing uncertainty descriptors. Simulation\ncase studies are presented, including UTM elements such as dynamic geo-fencing, and the results corroborate the validity of separation assurance and collision avoidance algorithms for the\nconsidered mission- and safety-critical tasks.
Action of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Enterotoxin: Adenylate Cyclase Behavior of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Culture (1974)

Heat-labile enterotoxin preparations obtained from two enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli of porcine and human origin were shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity of human embryonic intestinal epithelial cells in culture. Comparable results were also obtained when cholera toxin was used. The degree of enzyme stimulation was proportional to the concentration of enterotoxin. Similar preparations from two strains of non-enterotoxigenic E. coli had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity. Cells exposed to enterotoxin could be washed after 1 min of contact time without altering the subsequent course of maximum adenylate cyclase activity, which was maintained for at least 18 h at 37 C. During long periods (18 h) of tissue culture incubation, the determination of adenylate cyclase activity was 200- to 300-fold more sensitive than quantitating fluid accumulation in the adult rabbit ileal loop model. Decreasing the incubation time appreciably reduced the sensitivity of the epithelial cells to enterotoxin. E. coli enterotoxin is an effective activator of nonintestinal adenylate cyclase systems. Treatment of KB and HEp-2 cell lines with enterotoxin also resulted in significant enzyme stimulation. The intestinal epithelial cell tissue culture model provides a sensitive homogenous biological system for studying the response of intestinal adenylate cyclase to enterotoxin while eliminating the numerous cellular and tissue components present in the ligated ileal loop model.
A high frequency link direct dc-ac converter for residential fuel cell power systems (2004)

This paper describes a boost converter cascaded high frequency link direct dc-ac converter suitable for fuel cell power sources. A new multi-loop control for a boost converter to reduce the low frequency input current harmonics drawn from the fuel cell is proposed. A new PWM technique for the cycloconverter at the secondary to reject the low order harmonics in the output voltages is presented in detail. The front-end boost converter regulates the dc bus voltage effectively where the fuel cell voltage varies widely depending on the power demand, and provides a constant dc voltage to the high frequency link dc-ac converter. The proposed multi-loop control reduces the low frequency (120 Hz) input current harmonic of the boost converter without additional filter requirement in order to improve the performance of fuel cell system. The proposed PWM technique for the cycloconverter cancels the low order harmonics in the output voltage caused by the low frequency voltage ripple in the dc bus and guarantees the high quality of the output voltage. The trade-offs of proposed scheme are described in detail with mathematical evaluation approach.
Designing the head group of CO2-triggered switchable surfactants (2012)

The synthesis of a small library of nitrogen-based CO2-switchable cationic surfactants with different head groups is described. These switchable surfactants can be switched on by addition of CO2 and switched off by the removal of CO2. The structure of the switchable head group affects the surfactant's basicity, solubility, heat of protonation, rate and extent of switching, and ability to reversibly stabilize and demulsify oil–water emulsions.
Degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by two Rhodococcus erythropolis strains, HL 24-1 and HL 24-2 (1992)

Two Rhodococcus erythropolis strains, HL 24-1 and HL 24-2, were isolated from soil and river water by their abilities to utilize 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mM) as the sole source of nitrogen. Although succinate was supplied as a carbon and energy source during selection, both isolates could utilize 2,4-dinitrophenol also as the sole source of carbon. Both strains metabolized 2,4-dinitrophenol under concomitant liberation of stoichiometric amounts of nitrite and 4,6-dinitrohexanoate as a minor dead-end metabolite.
Cost-minimized combinations of wind power, solar power and electrochemical storage, powering the grid up to 99.9% of the time (2012)

We model many combinations of renewable electricity sources (inland wind, offshore wind, and photovoltaics) with electrochemical storage (batteries and fuel cells), incorporated into a large grid system (72 GW). The purpose is twofold: 1) although a single renewable generator at one site produces intermittent power, we seek combinations of diverse renewables at diverse sites, with storage, that are not intermittent and satisfy need a given fraction of hours. And 2) we seek minimal cost, calculating true cost of electricity without subsidies and with inclusion of external costs. Our model evaluated over 28 billion combinations of renewables and storage, each tested over 35,040 h (four years) of load and weather data. We find that the least cost solutions yield seemingly-excessive generation capacity—at times, almost three times the electricity needed to meet electrical load. This is because diverse renewable generation and the excess capacity together meet electric load with less storage, lowering total system cost. At 2030 technology costs and with excess electricity displacing natural gas, we find that the electric system can be powered 90%–99.9% of hours entirely on renewable electricity, at costs comparable to today's—but only if we optimize the mix of generation and storage technologies.
WHAT CONSTITUTES PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE? (1945)

National Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. *An abridgment of the material appearing in the Journal of the Optical Society of America. Vol. 33, No. 11 pp. 627–632, 1943. 1Research Associate at the National Bureau of Standards representing the American Pharmaceutical Association.