gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of Tl/Hg-based superconductor with nominal composition Tl<sub>2</sub>Hg<sub>1</sub> Ba<sub>4</sub>Ca<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>x</sub> having T<sub>c</sub>=120K (1995)

Recently, Hg-based superconductors HgBa 2 Ca n−1 Cu n O 2n+2+x (n=l,2,3) were demonstrated to have remarkably high transition temperatures (T c ). The Hg-compounds are structurally analogous to the previously discovered Tlbased compounds TlBa 2 Ca n−1 Cu n O 2n+2+x . Oxygen site occupation in the rock-salt Hg-O layers and Tl-O layers differ, due to the difference in the valence states of Tl (III) and Hg (II). In the Hg-compounds the Hg-O layer is always single while in the Tl-compounds both single or double Tl-O layers are possible. Up to 4 Cu-O 2 layers may be found in both families. Martin et al. investigated the mixed Hg-Tl system and reported a new structure akin to a single cell Hg-1201/Tl-2201 intergrowth, having a T c about half that of either individual compound. We synthesized mixed Hg-Tl compounds corresponding to the higher order intergrowth formula Tl 2 Hg 1 Ba 4 Ca 4 Cu 6 O x (Hg-1223/Tl-2223) with the hope of producing new intergrowth structures with higher T c . In this report, we only describe our structural characterization on one of the Tl-Hg compounds with nominal composition Tl 2 Hg 1 Ba 4 Ca 4 Cu 6 O x . A complete report on the synthesis and properties of these compounds will be published elsewhere.
Parallel simulation of multiphase flows using octree adaptivity and the volume-of-fluid method (2011)

We describe computations performed using the Gerris code, an open-source software implementing finite volume solvers on an octree adaptive grid together with a piecewise linear volume of fluid interface tracking method. The parallelisation of Gerris is achieved by domain decomposition. We show examples of the capabilities of Gerris on several types of problems. The impact of a droplet on a layer of the same liquid results in the formation of a thin air layer trapped between the droplet and the liquid layer that the adaptive refinement allows to capture. It is followed by the jetting of a thin corolla emerging from below the impacting droplet. The jet atomisation problem is another extremely challenging computational problem, in which a large number of small scales are generated. Finally we show an example of a turbulent jet computation in an equivalent resolution of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1024</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> cells. The jet simulation is based on the configuration of the Deepwater Horizon oil leak.
Free energy of charges in solvated proteins: microscopic calculations using a reversible charging process (1986)

Evaluation of the free energy of ionization of acidic groups in proteins may be used as a powerful and general test case for determining the reliability of calculations of electrostatic energies in macromolecules. This work attacks this test case by using an adiabatic charging process that evaluates the changes in free energies associated with ionizing the acidic groups Asp-3 and Glu-7 in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and aspartic acid in solution. The results of these free energy calculations are very encouraging; the error range is about 1 kcal/mol for these free energy changes of about-70 kcal/mol. This indicates that we are finally approaching the stage of obtaining quantitative results in modeling the energetics of solvated proteins.
HIGHLIGHTS DETECTION IN SPORTS VIDEOS BASED ON AUDIO ANALYSIS (2003)

While it is very hard to achieve automatic sports competition key moments detection only based on visual analysis, we propose in this paper automatic highlights detection based on an audio classifier. The audio classifier is based on a new modeling technique of the audio spectrum called Piecewise Gaussian Modeling (PGM) and Neural Networks. The proposed approach was evaluated on soccer and tennis videos, though our technique has no restriction on the sports’ type. It is shown that audio-based highlights detection can be effective for tennis segmentation since 97.5 % of end-of-serves were correctly classified. Goals can be detected in soccer videos using audio analysis as well. An intelligent sports-videos player is proposed based on the audio analysis permitting the user to navigate through key moments in a sports video.
Interactions of the DNA polymerase and gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7. Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions involved in RNA-primed DNA synthesis. (1986)

Three proteins catalyze RNA-primed DNA synthesis on the lagging strand side of the replication fork of bacteriophage T7. Oligoribonucleotides are synthesized by T7 gene 4 protein, which also provides helicase activity. DNA synthesis is catalyzed by gene 5 protein of the phage, and processivity of DNA synthesis is conferred by Escherichia coli thioredoxin, a protein that is tightly associated with gene 5 protein. T7 DNA polymerase and gene 4 protein associate to form a complex that can be isolated by filtration through a molecular sieve. The complex is stable in 50 mM NaCl but is dissociated by 100 mM NaCl, a salt concentration that does not inhibit RNA-primed DNA synthesis. T7 DNA polymerase forms a stable complex with single-stranded M13 DNA at 50 mM NaCl as measured by gel filtration, and this complex requires 200 mM NaCl for dissociation, a salt concentration that inhibits RNA-primed DNA synthesis. Gene 4 protein alone does not bind to single-stranded DNA. In the presence of MgCl2 and dTTP or beta, gamma-methylene dTTP, a gene 4 protein-M13 DNA complex that is stable at 200 mM NaCl is formed. The affinity of DNA polymerase for both gene 4 protein and single-stranded DNA leads to the formation of a gene 4 protein-DNA polymerase-M13 DNA complex even in the absence of nucleoside triphosphates. However, the binding of each protein to DNA plays an important role in mediating the interaction of the proteins with each other. High concentrations of single-stranded DNA inhibit RNA-primed DNA synthesis by diluting the amount of proteins bound to each template and reducing the frequency of protein-protein interactions. Preincubation of gene 4 protein, DNA polymerase, and M13 DNA in the presence of dTTP forms protein-DNA complexes that most efficiently catalyze RNA-primed DNA synthesis in the presence of excess single-stranded competitor DNA.
Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Four Years after a Trial of Intensive Therapy (2000)

The reduction in the risk of progressive retinopathy and nephropathy resulting from intensive therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes persists for at least four years, despite increasing hyperglycemia.
Packaging of up to 240 subunits of a 17 kDa nuclease into the interior of recombinant hepatitis B virus capsids (2000)

The icosahedral nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV) consists of multiple subunits of a single 183 amino acids (aa) core protein encasing the viral genome. However, recombinant core protein alone also forms capsid-like particles. We have recently shown that a 238 aa protein centrally inserted into the core protein can be displayed on the particle surface. Here we demonstrate that replacement of the C-terminal basic domain by the 17 kDa Staphylococcus aureus nuclease also yields particles but that in these the foreign domains are located in the interior. The packaged nuclease is enzymatically active, and the chimeric protein forms mosaic particles with the wild-type core protein. Hence the HBV capsid is useful as a molecular platform which, dependent on the fusion site, allows foreign protein domains to either be packaged into or be exposed on the exterior of the particle. These results are of relevance for the use of the HBV capsid as a vaccine carrier, and as a target for antiviral therapy.
Establishing a Prima Facie Case Involving Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Threshhold Approach, 29 J. Marshall L. Rev. 441 (1996) (1996)

Establishing a prima facie case involving Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) or Environmental Illness (EI) has been enveloped in controversy due to significant obstacles.The legal issues began to take center stage when four federal agencies recognized MCS as a handicap within the meanings of their respective statutes.These agencies were the Social Security Administration, the Department of Transportation, the Department of Education and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).This article will only address the legal framework of MCS as it pertains to the Fair Housing Act (ACT)' and HUD's implementing regulation. 2 Part I will outline the two major obstacles an MCS claimant encounters when trying to establish a prima facie case involving MCS.Part II will discuss the requirements that a claimant must establish under the Act.Finally, Part III will examine the judiciary's refusal to allow expert witness testimony in MCS cases, which prevents recovery by MCS claimants. I. Two MAJOR OBSTACLES TO MCS COMPLAINTSTo successfully prove MCS, a complainant must confront two major obstacles.The first obstacle MCS complaints encounter is the lack of a proper name for the illness. 3 The second obstacle, following closely on the heels of the first, is based on the fact that no uniform definition of the illness itself exists.Conventional
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 Expression Is Suppressed by Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1999)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) coordinately suppress the transcription of a wide array of hepatic lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Interestingly, the over-expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) induces the expression of all of the enzymes suppressed by PUFA. This observation led us to hypothesize that PUFA coordinately inhibit lipogenic gene transcription by suppressing the expression of SREBP-1. Our initial studies revealed that the SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA contents of HepG2 cells were reduced by 20:4(n-6) in a dose-dependent manner (i.e. EC(50) approximately 10 microM), whereas 18:1(n-9) had no effect. Similarly, supplementing a fat-free, high glucose diet with oils rich in (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA reduced the hepatic content of precursor and nuclear SREBP-1 60 and 85%, respectively; however, PUFA had no effect on the nuclear content of upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1. The PUFA-dependent decrease in nuclear content of mature SREBP-1 was paralleled by a 70-90% suppression in FAS gene transcription. In contrast, dietary 18:1(n-9), i.e. triolein, had no inhibitory influence on the expression of SREBP-1 or FAS. The decrease in hepatic expression of SREBP-1 and FAS associated with PUFA ingestion was mimicked by supplementing the fat-free diet with the PPARalpha-activator, WY 14, 643. Interestingly, nuclear run-on assays revealed that changes in SREBP-1 mRNA abundance were not accompanied by changes in SREBP-1 gene transcription. These results support the concept that PUFA coordinately inhibit lipogenic gene transcription by suppressing the expression of SREBP-1 and that the PUFA regulation of SREBP-1 appears to occur at the post-transcriptional level.
Limiting the spread of misinformation in social networks (2011)

In this work, we study the notion of competing campaigns in a social network and address the problem of influence limitation where a "bad" campaign starts propagating from a certain node in the network and use the notion of limiting campaigns to counteract the effect of misinformation. The problem can be summarized as identifying a subset of individuals that need to be convinced to adopt the competing (or "good") campaign so as to minimize the number of people that adopt the "bad" campaign at the end of both propagation processes. We show that this optimization problem is NP-hard and provide approximation guarantees for a greedy solution for various definitions of this problem by proving that they are submodular. We experimentally compare the performance of the greedy method to various heuristics. The experiments reveal that in most cases inexpensive heuristics such as degree centrality compare well with the greedy approach. We also study the influence limitation problem in the presence of missing data where the current states of nodes in the network are only known with a certain probability and show that prediction in this setting is a supermodular problem. We propose a prediction algorithm that is based on generating random spanning trees and evaluate the performance of this approach. The experiments reveal that using the prediction algorithm, we are able to tolerate about 90% missing data before the performance of the algorithm starts degrading and even with large amounts of missing data the performance degrades only to 75% of the performance that would be achieved with complete data.
Flue gas Hg measurements from coal-fired boilers equipped with wet scrubbers (1999)

The US EPA has instituted an Information Collection Request{at} to obtain information regarding mercury (Hg) emissions from coal-fired utility boilers. EPA is in the process of collecting information regarding the Hg concentrations of the coals fired in over 1,000 utility boilers, and flue gas Hg emission and speciation data at {approximately}100 utility boilers. EPA will review these data to determine if Hg emission reduction from the utility industry is necessary. Presently, there is no proven mercury-control technology for this source category. Hg removal by carbon injection has been tested at the pilot scale level. The mercury removal costs for this technology is estimated to be $10 million to $40 million per ton of Hg removed. CONSOL Inc. completed flue gas Hg measurements at five coal-fired boilers and one industrial boiler equipped with conventional wet scrubbers for SO{sub 2} control. Based on a minimum of triplicate scrubber inlet and outlet measurements at each site, the Hg removal by the scrubber systems was 54%, with a standard deviation of 7%. Accounting for the Hg collected on the ash particles, the total plant Hg removal was 67 {+-} 6%. These data show that utility boilers equipped with ESP scrubber combinations are removing two-thirdsmore » of the Hg in the as-fired coal at no added cost. The Hg speciation data showed that 80% to 95% of the oxidized Hg fraction, as determined from the Ontario Hydro method, was removed by the scrubber. The average Hg material balance closure at the six test sites was 103 {+-} 8%. The Hg removed from the flue gas was accounted for in the scrubber solids. Standard leachate testing conducted on fixated and unfixated scrubber sludge from one test site showed no Hg leaching. Volatility testing conducted by heating this sludge to 140 F for 11 weeks showed no loss of Hg.« less
Modeling and incorporation of system response functions in 3-D whole body PET (2006)

Appropriate application of spatially variant system models can correct for degraded resolution response and mispositioning errors. This paper explores the detector blurring component of the system model for a whole body positron emission tomography (PET) system and extends this factor into a more general system response function to account for other system effects including the influence of Fourier rebinning (FORE). We model the system response function as a three-dimensional (3-D) function that blurs in the radial and axial dimension and is spatially variant in radial location. This function is derived from Monte Carlo simulations and incorporates inter-crystal scatter, crystal penetration, and the blurring due to the FORE algorithm. The improved system model is applied in a modified ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm to reconstruct images from rebinned, fully 3-D PET data. The proposed method effectively removes the spatial variance in the resolution response, as shown in simulations of point sources. Furthermore, simulation and measured studies show the proposed method improves quantitative accuracy with a reduction in tumor bias compared to conventional OSEM on the order of 10%-30% depending on tumor size and smoothing parameter.
Skin cancer and transgenic mice. (1994)

At the outer surface of the body, the epidermis of skin forms a protective barrier to keep microorganisms out and essential body fluids in. This barrier is composed of one main cell type, the keratinocyte, which undergoes a precisely defined program of differentiation to produce a durable and renewable integument. The delicate balance between differentiation and proliferation is maintained by regulatory molecules and growth factors. In basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, the balance between growth and differentiation goes awry, although the detailed pathways underlying these cancers remain to be elucidated. Transgenic mice provide the opportunity to precisely perturb growth factors in the skin in the context of a whole organism, leading to valuable insight into both appropriate and deranged growth. This article will review the biology and biochemistry of epidermal growth and differentiation, with emphasis on basal and squamous cell carcinomas and hyperproliferative diseases of the skin, and how recent transgenic research has been utilized to take a penetrating look into these issues.
Autonomous door opening and plugging in with a personal robot (2010)

We describe an autonomous robotic system capable of navigating through an office environment, opening doors along the way, and plugging itself into electrical outlets to recharge as needed. We demonstrate through extensive experimentation that our robot executes these tasks reliably, without requiring any modification to the environment. We present robust detection algorithms for doors, door handles, and electrical plugs and sockets, combining vision and laser sensors. We show how to overcome the unavoidable shortcoming of perception by integrating compliant control into manipulation motions. We present a visual-differencing approach to high-precision plug-insertion that avoids the need for high-precision hand-eye calibration.
A User-centric Approach for Interactive Visualization and Mapping of Geo-sensor Data (2007)

Sensor network applications collect and use sensor data from distributed sensor networks and databases. These real-time and time series sensor data are very useful for many location-based systems that manage and browse various kinds of personal spatial information such as digital photograph, travel diary and so on. Such location-based system for personal use requires a user-centric framework that can support intuitive query request and direct sensor data mapping. This paper proposes a user-centric approach for interactive visualization and mapping of geographically distributed sensor data. The overview of the prototype system that we are developing is briefly described. Our approach generates a query for distributed sensor databases based on user's track log. This method produces understandable information from collected sensor data based on GIS (geographic information system) methods.
Jacobs New Engine Brake Technology (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advances in vehicle engineering resulted in substantial reduction of the natural retarding capability of trucks and tractor trailers. These trucks need help slowing down; therefore, the market demands improved performance from vehicle retarders.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Today's heavy-duty vehicles:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Are aerodynamically designed to slip through the air</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Roll on advanced radial tires</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">GVW or GCW has increased</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engines and equipment are more efficient with reduced factional losses.</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Improved and new Jake Brake® retarding concepts have been developed. In addition to the standard Jake Brake retarders for unit injector and PLN engines, combination of Jake Brake retarders with exhaust brakes and optimized injector cam operated Jake Brake retarder, a new technology high performance Jake Brake retarder for PLN engines has been developed and introduced on the market. Further refinements of the existing concepts and development of new processes, including a twocycle compression release process for the four-cycle engine, will further enhance the Jake Brake retarder performance in the future.</div>
Role of Inflammatory Mediators in Resistance and Susceptibility to Pneumococcal Infection (2002)

Variations in the host response during pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in susceptible (CBA/Ca) and resistant (BALB/c) inbred mouse strains were investigated. Significant differences were detected in survival time, core body temperature, lung-associated and systemic bacterial loads, mast cell numbers, magnitude and location of cytokine production, lung disruption, and ability of isolated lung cells to release the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in vitro. Overall, the results indicate that the reduced capacity of CBA/Ca mice to induce rapid TNF activity within the airways following infection with S. pneumoniae may be a factor in their elevated susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia.
Adaptable Microbial Sensors (1990)

Abstract The specificity of microbial sensors using Bacillus subtilis or Trichosporon cutaneum was improved by preincubating the microbial electrode for 3–12 h with the desired substrate. This effect has been found for fructose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, erlose, ribose, xylose, glycerol, alanine, glycine, and aspartate. The signal for the induced substrate was increased by a factor between 1.5 and 26.0. From experiments with chloramphenicol and glucose as well as alpha-methylglucose it was concluded that the substrate uptake process is involved in the signal generating process and a “de novo protein synthesis” proceeds during preincubation.
Reflex facilitation of the rabbit nictitating membrane response by an auditory stimulus as a function of interstimulus interval. (1990)

The ability of an auditory stimulus to facilitate the amplitude and latency of the unconditioned nictitating membrane (NM) response in rabbits was investigated over a wide range of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) for both delay (Experiments 1-4) and trace (Experiments 3 and 4) procedures. The auditory stimulus was a 1000-Hz tone (T) at either 85 or 95 dB, and the reflex-eliciting stimulus was a 2.0 psi (pounds per square inch) corneal air puff (AP). The results indicate that (a) robust facilitation of the NM response, as measured by an increased amplitude and a reduced latency, can be obtained at long ISIs (2,000-32,000 ms); (b) increasing the tone intensity can increase reflex facilitation of the peak amplitude; (c) at comparable ISIs, delay procedures produce more facilitation of both amplitude and latency than do trace procedures; and (d) when trace procedures are used, amplitude and latency facilitation by a 125-ms tone follows an inverted U-shaped ISI function in which facilitation peaks between 125 and 500 ms, rapidly decreases between 1,000 and 2,000 ms, and disappears by 4,000 ms.