gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying just-in-time in a wafer fab: a case study (1989)

The successful application of the just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing management philosophy within a wafer fab photoresist wet chemistry area is described. The JIT techniques that were applied included lot-size reduction, setup-time reduction, layout changes for improved work flow, and improved operator flexibility. These set the stage for the implementation of a demand-pull system that resulted in significant decreases in cycle times as well as corresponding decrease in inventory levels. Aspects related to quality improvement as well as other long-term issues are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hierarchical message mechanism for distributed systems software (2003)

The authors investigate a mechanism for distributed computer systems that can support control and data communication right from the beginning of a distributed-software design to the actual execution and maintenance. The concept of message hierarchy is illustrated by an example of remote rendezvous in distributed systems. The control messages need a faster communication structure than the data messages. This observation suggests two-speed communication structure as a realization of hierarchical message systems. The two-speed structure involves four major components per node: communication links with different transmission speeds, a message arbiter, a node information table (NIT), and a system node directory (SND). A major benefit of a system based on hierarchical message-passing is that the desired systemwide information can be updated very quickly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coronary artery constriction in rats affects the activation of  1 adrenergic receptors in cardiac myocytes (1994)

Objective: To determine whether α1 adrenergic receptor mediated myocyte contractility and growth are depressed acutely after non-occlusive coronary artery narrowing, the left coronary artery was constricted in rats and mechanical behaviour, cytosolic calcium, and regulation of α1 adrenergic receptors were examined in myocytes seven days later. Methods: Coronary artery stenosis was surgically induced in rats and following the estimation of global cardiac performance myocytes were enzymatically dissociated and radioligand binding studies were performed. In addition, the isotonic contractile performance, cytosolic calcium transients and noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate generation in myocytes were measured in the presence of WB 4101 or after chlorethylclonidine treatment. Results: Estimations of cell mechanics in vitro established that peak shortening was decreased by 36% and 18% in left and right ventricular myocytes of coronary stenosed rats. Time to peak shortening was prolonged by 29% in left and 20% in right myocytes, whereas velocity of shortening was decreased by 27% in left myocytes. These alterations were associated with increases in cell length and width, indicative of myocyte hypertrophy. In addition, coronary stenosis was accompanied by reductions in the expression of α1a and α1b receptor subtypes in myocytes α1 Adrenergic receptor density and noradrenaline stimulated phosphoinositol turnover were decreased by 30% and 34% in left myocytes. α1 Adrenergic receptor subtype mediated cytosolic calcium concentration and myocyte mechanical performance were also impaired in left myocytes only. The α1a adrenergic receptor subtype antagonist WB 4101 abolished noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate generation in myocytes, whereas chlorethylclonidine at large doses only partially inhibited this response. Conclusions: In conclusion, coronary narrowing leads to defects in the regulation of α1 adrenergic receptors on myocytes which are coupled with attenuation in the transmission of signals, possibly affecting mvocyte cell function and ongoing reactive cellular hypertrophy. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1070-1082
Force-frequency effects of Y-cut langanite and Y-cut langatate (2003)

Most recently, langasite and its isomorphs (LGX) have been advanced as potential substitutes for quartz, owing to their extremely high quality (Q) factors. At least 3 times higher Q value of LGX than that of quartz has been reported. High Q translates into potentially greater stability. In order to make such materials practical, the environmental sensitivities must be addressed. One such sensitivity is the force-frequency effect, which relates the sensitivity of a resonator to shock and vibration via the third-order (non-Hookean) elastic constants. In this paper, we report measured force-frequency coefficients of a Y-cut LGN resonator and a Y-cut LGT resonator as a function of the azimuthal angle, which is the angle between the crystalline x-axis of a resonator plate and the direction of in-plane diametric force applied to the periphery of the resonator. It was found that the LGN and the LGT behave like AT-cut quartz in the polarity of the frequency changes and the existence of zero-coefficient angle. The maximum magnitudes of the coefficients of the LGN and the LGT are 5 and 7 times smaller than that of SC-cut quartz, respectively (or, 7 and 10 times smaller compared to AT-cut quartz). The coefficients of planar-stress, which represent the superposition of a continuous distribution of periphery stresses, were also obtained as 0.52/spl times/10/sup -15/ m/spl middot/s/N and 0.38/spl times/10/sup -15/ m/spl middot/s/N for the LGN and the LGT, respectively.
A new intra-aerobic metabolism in the nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing bacterium <i>Candidatus</i> ‘Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ (2011)

Biological methane oxidation proceeds either through aerobic or anaerobic pathways. The newly discovered bacterium Candidatus 'Methylomirabilis oxyfera' challenges this dichotomy. This bacterium performs anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification, but does so in a peculiar way. Instead of scavenging oxygen from the environment, like the aerobic methanotrophs, or driving methane oxidation by reverse methanogenesis, like the methanogenic archaea in sulfate-reducing systems, it produces its own supply of oxygen by metabolizing nitrite via nitric oxide into oxygen and dinitrogen gas. The intracellularly produced oxygen is then used for the oxidation of methane by the classical aerobic methane oxidation pathway involving methane mono-oxygenase. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge about this process and the micro-organism responsible for it.
Self-priming compartmentalization digital LAMP for point-of-care (2012)

Digital nucleic acid amplification provides unprecedented opportunities for absolute nucleic acid quantification by counting of single molecules. This technique is useful for molecular genetic analysis in cancer, stem cell, bacterial, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis in which many biologists are interested. This paper describes a self-priming compartmentalization (SPC) microfluidic chip platform for performing digital loop-mediated amplification (LAMP). The energy for the pumping is pre-stored in the degassed bulk PDMS by exploiting the high gas solubility of PDMS; therefore, no additional structures other than channels and reservoirs are required. The sample and oil are sequentially sucked into the channels, and the pressure difference of gas dissolved in PDMS allows sample self-compartmentalization without the need for further chip manipulation such as with pneumatic microvalves and control systems, and so on. The SPC digital LAMP chip can be used like a 384-well plate, so, the world-to-chip fluidic interconnections are avoided. The microfluidic chip contains 4 separate panels, each panel contains 1200 independent 6 nL chambers and can be used to detect 4 samples simultaneously. Digital LAMP on the microfluidic chip was tested quantitatively by using β-actin DNA from humans. The self-priming compartmentalization behavior is roughly predictable using a two-dimensional model. The uniformity of compartmentalization was analyzed by fluorescent intensity and fraction of volume. The results showed that the feasibility and flexibility of the microfluidic chip platform for amplifying single nucleic acid molecules in different chambers made by diluting and distributing sample solutions. The SPC chip has the potential to meet the requirements of a general laboratory: power-free, valve-free, operating at isothermal temperature, inexpensive, sensitive, economizing labour time and reagents. The disposable analytical devices with appropriate air-tight packaging should be useful for point-of-care, and enabling it to become one of the common tools for biology research, especially, in point-of-care testing.
Computer graphics in real‐time docking with energy calculation and minimization (1985)

Abstract We describe a real‐time docking method using molecular graphics and high‐speed calculation of the energy of interaction between a drug and a receptor. A three‐dimensional tabulation of the potential is computed prior to the docking experiment, and the total interaction energy is calculated and updated on the display screen in real‐time to provide immediate visual feedback to the user as the drug molecule is moved inside the receptor pocket. The “Simplex” method is then used to minimize the energy of interactions after each docking. Using this real‐time method, it is now possible to examine rapidly the interactions of a large number of drugs and their analogues with receptor molecules. As an application, the interaction of thyroid hormone and its analogues with prealbumin is considered. The final interaction energies of this very rapid method compare well with those calculated by more orthodox means, while also providing visual feedback on both molecular geometry and energy.
Unresponsiveness of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia cells to macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, an inhibitor of primitive normal hematopoietic cells. (1993)

Most primitive hematopoietic cells appear to be normally quiescent in vivo, whereas their leukemic counterparts in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are maintained in a state of rapid turnover. This difference is also seen in the long-term culture system, where control of primitive hematopoietic progenitor proliferation is mediated by interactions of these cells with marrow-derived mesenchymal cells of the fibroblast lineage. We now show that exogenous addition of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) to normal long-term cultures can reversibly and specifically block the activation of "primitive" (high proliferative potential), but not "mature" (lower proliferative potential), progenitors in the adherent layer of these cultures. Moreover, addition of MIP-1 beta after primitive-progenitor activation can prevent the subsequent return of these cells to a quiescent state a few days later as shown previously in similar experiments using antibodies to transforming growth factor beta. This suggests that the level of MIP-1 alpha (or a related MIP-1 alpha agonist) produced in LTCs, like the level of transforming growth factor beta, may be necessary, but is not on its own sufficient, to mediate the inhibitory activity of the regulatory cells in the adherent layer. Addition of MIP-1 alpha to similar long-term cultures containing normal marrow adherent layers but supporting exclusively neoplastic (CML) hematopoiesis did not block the cycling of primitive neoplastic progenitors. A defect in the responsiveness of CML cells to MIP-1 alpha (or a similarly acting chemokine) would explain their deregulated proliferative behavior in this model and, by extrapolation to the in vivo setting, suggests a molecular mechanism whereby the leukemic clone may become amplified at the stem-cell level. In addition, these findings suggest approaches to the therapy of CML, using inhibitors such as MIP-1 alpha for the protection of primitive normal cells.
Optical fibre design using evolutionary strategies (2004)

The design of optical fibres for applications where many performance targets have to be met simultaneously is a non‐trivial process. An evolutionary strategy (ES) combined with an algorithm to model the appropriate fibre parameters was used to design an optical fibre suitable for long haul high bandwidth communications. The ES code was developed using an object oriented approach and a parallel version was also incorporated. This allowed for the rapid implementation and subsequent design of fibres with properties of interest. Design constraints arising from the fibre manufacturing process were incorporated.
Neuron MOS binary-logic integrated circuits. II. Simplifying techniques of circuit configuration and their practical applications (1993)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.40, no.3, p.570-6 (March 1993). The fundamental circuit ideas developed by the authors in Part I are applied to practical circuits, and the impact of neuron MOSFET on the implementation of binary-logic circuits is examined. For this purpose, two techniques are presented to simplify the circuit configurations. It is shown that the input-stage D/A converter circuit in the basic configuration can be eliminated without any major problems, resulting in improved noise margins and speed performance. Then a design technique for symmetric functions, which is especially important when the number of input variables increases, is presented. The nu MOS logic design is characterized by a large reduction in the number of transistors as well as of interconnections. However, the decrease in transistor count comes at a cost in process tolerance due to the multivalued nature of the device operation. Test circuits were fabricated by a typical double-polysilicon CMOS process, and the measurement results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CD80, CD86 and CD40 Provide Accessory Signals in a Multiple‐Step T‐Cell Activation Model (1996)

In this review, a sequential multiple-step model for T-cell activation is proposed. In a series of in vitro studies, highly purified freshly isolated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were stimulated through the CD28 receptor, with mAb or with natural ligands B7-1 or B7-2, along with TCR stimulation, in the absence of other costimulatory interactions. Ligation of the CD28 receptor, along with stimulation of the TCR, was found to up-regulate pleiotropic in vitro activities, including the secretion of both Th1 and Th2-type cytokines, B-cell help, and the development of cytotoxic activity. This costimulatory action involves CD4+ and CD8+ as well as naive and memory T-cell subsets. The expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on professional APC in situ in both normal and pathological tissues, and its up-regulation on monocytes by GM-CSF and IFN-gamma is consistent with this role. Additional studies have addressed the contribution of interactions between CD28 and B7-1 and B7-2 in T-cell activation initiated by normal un-engineered APC, such as stimulation with recall antigens and primary MLR. Blockade of the interaction between CD28 and B7-1/B7-2 under these conditions failed to completely inhibit T-cell responses or to induce anergy. Complete inhibition and anergy were, however, induced with a combination of CsA, targeting downstream TCR-triggered signalling, as well as anti-B7-1- and anti-B7-2-directed reagents. Interestingly, and in contrast to anti-LFA-1 mAb, the addition of anti-B7-1 or anti-B7-2 reagents could be delayed until at least 48 h after the initiation of T-cell stimulation, indicating a requirement for a late interaction between CD28 and its counter-receptors. Interactions between CD40L on activated T cells and CD40 on APC may serve to sustain, enhance or prolong the presentation of B7-1 or B7-2 on the APC, and thus to prevent anergy induction, or ineffective or abortive T-cell stimulation. Based on these data a sequential multiple-step T-cell activation model is proposed, and novel strategies for immuno-intervention can be designed.
Reassessment of Expectations as a Comparison Standard in Measuring Service Quality: Implications for Further Research (1994)

The authors respond to concerns raised by Cronin and Taylor (1992) and Teas (1993) about the SERVQUAL instrument and the perceptions-minus-expectations specification invoked by it to operationalize service quality. After demonstrating that the validity and alleged severity of many of those concerns are questionable, they offer a set of research directions for addressing unresolved issues and adding to the understanding of service quality assessment.
Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Menasha, Wisconsin, LXV, 1950. (1951)

Se reseñó: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, LXV, 1950.
Information extraction overview (1993)

The information explosion of the last decade has placed increasing demands on processing and analyzing large volumes of on-line data. In response, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) has been supporting research to develop a new technology called information extraction. Information extraction is a type of document processing which captures and outputs factual information contained within a document. Similar to an information retrieval (IR) system, an information extraction system responds to a user's information need. Whereas an IR system identifies a subset of documents in a large text database or in a library scenario a subset of resources in a library. an information extraction system identifies a subset of information within a document. This subset of information is not necessarily a summary or gist of the contents of the document. Rather it corresponds to predefined generic types of information of interest and represents specific instances found in the text. For example. a user of a system may be interested in identifying and databasing information on all companies named within a set of documents. including companies not previously known to the user. An information extraction system can extract and output all of the occurrences of company names within a text with an accuracy of 75%. Moreover, it is possible to specify that the system only extract those companies of a certain type, such as Japanese companies or companies in the textile industry.
Effects of line width and dose on electron beam nano-patterning of ma-N 2403 (2006)

The effects of dose on pattern shape were evaluated for electron beam nano-lithography of a negative photoresist, ma-N 2403, under an electron beam condition of 20 keV with a probe current of 9 pA. With sufficient design width, i.e. 250 nm, there was negligible loss of pattern height, which was attributed to the combined dose of the incident electron beam and the back scattered electrons. The dose for narrow design width should be adjusted to obtain patterns of high aspect ratio with no loss of height and reduced pattern width difference from the design width.
Indirect Measurement of Motivation (2015)

For the indirect measurement of approach-avoidance tendencies, two procedures are introduced and compared. The procedures are modifications of the standard IAT and the Recoding-Free IAT (IAT-RF) and use a motivational attribute dimension (approach, avoidance) instead of an evaluative one. Study 1 (N = 162) assesses their convergent and discriminant validity with respect to self-reported measures of motivation and evaluation, and their predictive validity with respect to actual behavior. Study 2 (N = 205) furthermore compares their validity to evaluative variants of the same test paradigms. Overall, both procedures perform similarly. In Study 2, procedures based on the IAT-RF are superior, and the motivational IAT-RF shows the highest predictive validity. Unfortunately, no evidence for incremental validity over explicit measures alone is found for any of the implicit measures. Furthermore, procedures based on the IAT-RF appear to be less reliable than procedures based on the standard IAT. A possible explanation is offered.
Exopolysaccharide Alginate Synthesis in <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> : Enzymology and Regulation of Gene Expression (1995)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Biosynthetic Enzymes Alginate Modifying Enzymes Regulation of Alginate Gene Expression Role of the algR2 Gene in TCA Cycle Operation, Energy Metabolism, and Alginate Synthesis Spontaneous Interconversion between Mucoidy and Nonmucoidy
Development and initial evaluation of a semi-automatic approach to assess perivascular spaces on conventional magnetic resonance images (2015)

This semi-automatic method is applicable to clinical protocols and offers quantitative surrogates for PVS load. It shows good agreement with a visual rating scale and confirmed that BGPVS are associated with WMH and atrophy measurements.
LOW ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS BY MEANS OF THE THERMAL LENS EFFECT USING AN He–Ne LASER (1964)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. C. C. Leite, R. S. Moore, J. R. Whinnery; LOW ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS BY MEANS OF THE THERMAL LENS EFFECT USING AN He–Ne LASER. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 October 1964; 5 (7): 141–143. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754089 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase from rat liver (1979)

Soluble guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2] has been purified from rat liver and exhibited a single protein band on polyacrylamide gels coincident with activity and indicative of a molecular weight of 150,000. The apparent specific activity of the purified enzyme was 276 nmol of cyclic GMP formed per mg per min with Mn(2+) as the cation cofactor and 23.8 nmol of cyclic GMP formed per mg per min with Mg(2+). This represented 9200-fold and 7400-fold purifications of Mn(2+) and Mg(2+) activities, respectively. The specific activity of soluble guanylate cyclase was not constant with protein concentration. At all stages of purification, increasing the enzyme concentration in the guanylate cyclase assay increased the apparent specific activity of the preparation. The purified enzyme could be activated by nitroprusside, nitric oxide, arachidonate, linoleate, oleate, and superoxide dismutase. However, the degree of activation was dependent upon the concentration of enzyme protein assayed.