gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of defined lipopolysaccharide salts (1983)

The electron spin resonance probes 5-doxylstearate and 4-(dodecyldimethylammonio)-1-oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine bromide were used to characterize the fluidity of the acyl chain and head-group regions, respectively, of defined salts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli K12. The removal of the weakly bound divalent cations from native LPS by electrodialysis and their replacement by sodium had little effect on the midpoint of the lipid-phase transition or on head-group mobility. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide acyl chain mobility increased following electrodialysis. The replacement of most of the remaining cations with sodium resulted in a further dramatic increase in mobility in both the polar and nonpolar regions of lipopolysaccharide. Head-group mobility of the sodium salt of LPS was shown to be reduced with the addition of divalent cations. Furthermore, evidence is presented which suggests that low magnesium concentrations may induce phase separations in the sodium salt. The magnesium salt of lipopolysaccharide closely resembled the native form in both head-group and acyl chain mobility although the cation charge to phosphorus ratio in the magnesium salt was greater than that detected in the native isolate. Analyses of other lipopolysaccharide salts support our hypothesis that many of the observed differences in the physical and pathological properties of lipopolysaccharide salts may simply be explained by the degree of charge neutralization.
Reassessment of the rate of fixative diffusion. (1992)

The diffusion of fixatives is slow. Early work using plasma gels and animal tissues showed the distance penetrated by a fixative to be a simple function of the fixation time but this relation has not been established in human tissues. The rates of diffusion into whole human spleens were measured for three primary fixatives over periods ranging from one to 25 days. A positive correlation was demonstrated between penetration distance (mm) and fixation time (hours). The diffusion rates were slower than those in previous studies. These results have possible implications for the handling of surgical specimens.
The Kinetics and mechanism of caffeine infusion from coffee: Hydrodynamic aspects (1984)

Abstract Hydrodynamic flow conditions were controlled by means of large horizontal rotating discs. These were coated with ground and sieved Kenyan Arabica coffee, and rotated at various speeds in distilled water at 25°C. The rate of extraction of caffeine was measured in each experiment. At a constant rotation speed, the first order rate constant rose steeply with decreasing size of coffee particle and was found to be inversely proportional to the square of the particle radius. For a given particle size, however, the rate constants were independent of the rotation speed. These two findings show that the rate‐determining step for extraction from coffee‐coated discs was the diffusion of caffeine through the bean particle and not its diffusion through the Nernst layer. The same mechanistic conclusion can be drawn for stirred coffee suspensions by applying the hydrodynamics of turbulent flow.
The afferent pupillary defect in acute optic neuritis. (1979)

Twenty-two patients with acute optic neuritis were studied by the techniques of infrared pupillometry and visual evoked responses (VER) to pattern reversal. A relative afferent pupillary defect was found in all cases and the magnitude of this defect was found to be related to the amplitude, but not to the latency, of the VER. During follow-up the afferent defect was found to remain persistently abnormal while other methods of clinical evaluation could not demonstrate abnormality reliably. The amplitude of the VER also remained low.
Applications of Complementary Polymers in HPMC Hydrophilic Extended Release Matrices (2009)

In the post Hatch-Waxman Act 1984 era, developing an extended release (ER) formulation of a new chemical entity with extended patent life has become very crucial to innovator companies. Patent, market share protection, and extension of a product’s life cycle are of utmost importance. While multiple ER technology platforms are being developed, an important area that has not experienced significant change throughout the years is new pharmaceutical excipients for ER applications. This has been attributed mainly to the regulatory and safety framework, which hinders approval of new excipients outside the context of a new drug application (NDA) or abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). The net result is the very slow pace of global development and commercialization of ER excipients. Using blends of approved polymers may be a powerful strategy to overcome this regulatory barrier, but still brings resolution to current challenges (size limitations for high dose APIs, oncedaily dose, burst effect with high solubility APIs, and potential food effect) in ER formulations. The following specifically examines the application of co-formulation of polymers in developing ER hydrophilic matrix systems to overcome these challenges and discusses its advantages in drug release modulation from matrices.
Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper (2009)

The strength of polycrystalline materials increases with decreasing grain size. Below a critical size, smaller grains might lead to softening, as suggested by atomistic simulations. The strongest size should arise at a transition in deformation mechanism from lattice dislocation activities to grain boundary-related processes. We investigated the maximum strength of nanotwinned copper samples with different twin thicknesses. We found that the strength increases with decreasing twin thickness, reaching a maximum at 15 nanometers, followed by a softening at smaller values that is accompanied by enhanced strain hardening and tensile ductility. The strongest twin thickness originates from a transition in the yielding mechanism from the slip transfer across twin boundaries to the activity of preexisting easy dislocation sources.
Treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Colonization in Atopic Dermatitis Decreases Disease Severity (2009)

Chronic use of dilute bleach baths with intermittent intranasal application of mupirocin ointment decreased the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis in patients with clinical signs of secondary bacterial infections. Patients with atopic dermatitis do not seem to have increased susceptibility to infection or colonization with resistant strains of S aureus.
Light Scattering Studies of the Solution Properties of Chitosans of Varying Degrees of Acetylation (2003)

The use of two techniques, differential interferometry and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), allowed us to study solutions of chitosan varying in degree of acetylation (DA), degree of dissociation (alpha), and concentration (C(p)). With the first technique, we demonstrated the modification of the electric polarizability of the polymer chains, through a law of behavior of the variation of the refractive index increment dn/dC with DA and alpha. This brought us information on the various kinds of interactions (H-bonds, electrostatic, and hydrophobic) involved in the evolution of the solution properties. QELS experiments performed in dilute regime showed the presence of supramolecular structures depending on DA and alpha. The topology and the nature of these objects are discussed. The typical presence of aggregates and their evolution with concentration was also demonstrated in semidilute regime.
Acute effect of metipranolol on the retinal circulation (1998)

This study shows that systemic as well as topical application of metipranolol leads to increased retinal blood flow velocities. The implications of these results for treatment with beta adrenergic receptor blockers is not clear. However, in view of these data it is very unlikely that treatment with metipranolol has a negative effect on retinal blood flow.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation in Columns and the Significance of ESR (1996)

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a simple, non-specific clinical test. Most models of erythrocyte sedimentation (ES) are formulated as a sigmoid function but consider the ES process to consist of three distinct phases: single-cell fall; fall of rouleaux and aggregates; cell packing. Recently , a piecewise (three-phase) continuous model has been developed. Our study applies ES data from 29 haematologically normal subjects to this model and re-evaluates the mechanism of ES using the derived model parameters. Using the Westergren technique, ES readings were taken every 10 minutes for 300 minutes. Three subjects remained in the first phase, while 26 displayed three discrete phases. For the 26 subjects, the average rate of fall of the sedimenting particles in the first phase was 87 µm/min, while that of the second phase was 176 µm/min. The ratio of these two values suggests an alternative nature of sedimenting particles in the first phase. Further, the average duration of the first phase was 62 minutes, suggesting that, in 50% of subjects, aggregate formation is incomplete when ESR is measured at 60 minutes.
Changes in ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme activities in developing mouse brain (1988)

A macromolecular inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) present in mouse brain was identified as ODC antizyme [Fong, Heller & Canellakis (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 428, 456-465; Heller, Fong & Canellakis (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 1858-1862] on the basis of kinetic properties, Mr and reversal of its inhibition by antizyme inhibitor. The brain antizyme, however, did not cross-react immunochemically with any of seven monoclonal antibodies to rat liver antizyme. ODC activity in mouse brain rapidly decreased after birth, in parallel with putrescine content, and almost disappeared by 3 weeks of age. Free antizyme activity appeared shortly after birth and increased gradually, whereas ODC-antizyme complex already existed at birth and then gradually decreased. Thus total amount of antizyme remained about the same throughout the developmental period in mouse brain. In addition to ODC-antizyme complex, inactive ODC protein was detected by radioimmunoassay in about the same level as the complex at 3 weeks of age. Upon cycloheximide treatment, both free ODC activity and ODC-antizyme complex rapidly disappeared, although free antizyme and the inactive ODC protein were both quite stable.
IPTV Delivery Architecture in 10G EPONs using ONU-Based Multicast Emulation (2008)

EPONs are a low cost, high speed solution to the bottleneck problem of broadband access networks. To support point-to-point and shared LAN emulation, EPONs use the multi-point control protocol (MPCP), which uses logical link identification (LLID) forframe tagging and filtering between the OLT and ONUs. In this paper, ONU-based multicast or multiple shared LAN emulation for IPTV services is proposed using logical group identification (LGID). Using ONUbased VLAN services, EPONs can support separate and secure connections between providers and subscribers in a simple manner. Also, differentiated IPTV channel packages can be delivered through EPONs by implementing ONU-based VLAN and IGMP snooping mechanisms.
Mutual coupling control in a multiple antenna system using ferrimagnetic substrate (2015)

In this paper, we present the design of a printed multiple antenna system that uses a ferrimagnetic compound (YIG) as part of the substrate. We investigate the influence of this material on the mutual coupling between the antenna elements when an external magnetic field is applied. It is proved that the proper application of the magnetic field changes the polarization of the elements from linear to circular and additionally reduces their mutual coupling.
Soliton processing element for all-optical switching and logic (1987)

A new type of all-optical processing element is proposed, based on nonlinear fiber waveguides. The device utilizes soliton propagation in the two arms of a Mach–Zehnder configuration. The device displays excellent switching characteristics for envelope pulses of the sech form and illustrates the necessity for using solitons as the essential bits in ultrafast optical switching and logic.
Novel Aromatic Polyimides for Nonlinear Optics (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Aromatic Polyimides for Nonlinear OpticsDong Yu, Ali Gharavi, and Luping YuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 47, 11680–11686Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00152a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (789 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement in automotive applications (2001)

This paper describes an ultrasonic sensor that is able to measure the distance from the ground of selected points of a motor vehicle. The sensor is based on the measurement of the time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse, which is reflected by the ground. A constrained optimization technique is employed to obtain reflected pulses that are easily detectable by means of a threshold comparator. Such a technique, which takes the frequency response of the ultrasonic transducers into account, allows a sub-wavelength detection to be obtained. Experimental tests, performed with a 40 kHz piezoelectric-transducer based sensor, showed a standard uncertainty of 1 mm at rest or at low speeds; the sensor still works at speeds of up to 30 m/s, although at higher uncertainty. The sensor is composed of only low cost components, thus being apt for first car equipment in many cases, and is able to self-adapt to different conditions in order to give the best results.
Type-and-example-directed program synthesis (2015)

This paper presents an algorithm for synthesizing recursive functions that process algebraic datatypes. It is founded on proof-theoretic techniques that exploit both type information and input–output examples to prune the search space. The algorithm uses refinement trees, a data structure that succinctly represents constraints on the shape of generated code. We evaluate the algorithm by using a prototype implementation to synthesize more than 40 benchmarks and several non-trivial larger examples. Our results demonstrate that the approach meets or outperforms the state-of-the-art for this domain, in terms of synthesis time or attainable size of the generated programs.
Mixing type checking and symbolic execution (2010)

Static analysis designers must carefully balance precision and efficiency. In our experience, many static analysis tools are built around an elegant, core algorithm, but that algorithm is then extensively tweaked to add just enough precision for the coding idioms seen in practice, without sacrificing too much efficiency. There are several downsides to adding precision in this way: the tool's implementation becomes much more complicated; it can be hard for an end-user to interpret the tool's results; and as software systems vary tremendously in their coding styles, it may require significant algorithmic engineering to enhance a tool to perform well in a particular software domain.
Vision based obstacle detection for wheeled robots (2008)

In this paper a real time obstacle detection system for robots is presented. The technique is based on a single camera and no further sensors or encoders are required. The algorithm is independent of geometry and even moving objects can be detected. The system provides a top view map of the robotpsilas field of view in real-time. First, the images are segmented reasonably. Ground motion estimation and stereo matching is used to classify each segment either belonging to the ground plane or belonging to an obstacle. The resulting map is used for further navigational processing like obstacle avoidance routines, path planning or static map creation. The algorithm has been tested successfully on several platforms.
The clinical pharmacology of THAM [tris(hydroxymethyUami nomethane] (1963)

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstmted that THAM is an effective titrating agent because of its buffering capacity, low toxicity, and mpid elimination. THAM has been used for the correction of acute acidosis during cardiac operation and extra corporeal circulation, cardiac arrest, and massive transfusions with ACD blood. Its use in chronic espiratory acidosis should be restricted to the acute decompensated phase and should be accompanied by mechanical ventilation. Other clinical indications for THAM administration include salicylate and barbiturate intoxication and the metabolic acidosis of diabetes. It is most effective when administered intravenously as a O.3M solution in amounts calculated to titrate excess acid in extracellular fluid. THAM can be given orally as a salt in combination with a weak acid such as citrate. In this form, it is a gastric antacid and will also produce systemic alkalinization.
Input and Interaction (1988)

The role that input plays in second language learning and the interactions between learners and other speakers of the language which provide some of that input are two of the most discussed topics in the contemporary field of second language acquisition [SLA]. Several surveys of the considerable body of literature on input and interaction have appeared recent books on SLA (Hatch 1983a ch. 9, Ellis 1985a ch. 6, Young and Doughty 1987, Chaudron 1988 chs. 3–5) and two collections of papers on input and interaction research have been published (Gass and Madden 1985, Day 1986). This essay will outline the main issues which have emerged form this scholarship and comment on some of the more important theroretical and empirical papers.
Server Virtualization Technology and Its Latest Trends (2008)

IT systems have become increasingly larger and more complex, thus making it more difficult to build an optimal IT infrastructure in today's rapidly changing business environment. Server virtualization represents a base technology for addressing this problem. It enables the flexible construction of virtual servers with almost no hardware limitations, and consequently reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO) and makes it easier to use virtual servers in the changing business environment. Fujitsu supplies server virtualization technology in the form of the Virtual Machine Function for the PRIMEQUEST mission-critical IA server and PRIMERGY PC server. The Virtual Machine Function is based on Xen open-source technology. This paper describes the background behind and latest trends in server virtualization, and outlines Fujitsu's Virtual Machine Function and the Xen architecture. It then describes our development of various technologies for mission-critical systems. These technologies include large memory management, I/O processing optimization and enhancement, and RAS enhancement. This paper concludes by describing our future plans for server virtualization.
De Novo Asymmetric Synthesis of the Anthrax Tetrasaccharide by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Glycosylation Reaction (2007)

Choose your poison: In the de novo asymmetric synthesis of the anthrax tetrasaccharide 1 (25 steps from acetylfuran), the absolute configurations of three L sugars and one D sugar were set by the Noyori reduction of acetylfuran with the S,S and the R,R reagent, respectively. The configuration of the remaining carbohydrate unit was set by highly diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed glycosylation and post-glycosylation transformations. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701354_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessment of Indigenous Reductive Dechlorinating Potential at a TCE-Contaminated Site Using Microcosms, Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis, and Site Data (2001)

A combination of microcosm studies, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and site data was used to assess the indigenous reductive dechlorinating potential in a trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated aquifer at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. Sediment and groundwater were obtained from two distinct locations approximately 10 m apart. Microcosm studies were performed to assess dechlorinating activity under a variety of nutrient and electron donor amendment conditions. Most live microcosms constructed using material from the first location, near well 9 (W09), were negative for dechlorination. All live microcosms constructed using material from the second location (W06) exhibited dechlorination of TCE to vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene (ETH). DNA encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) with a sequence nearly identical with that from Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 was detected in the active microcosms and in the sediment from W06 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeted to unique regions of Dehalococcoides 16S rDNA. Dehalococcoides was not detected in the autoclaved microcosms from W06, nor in sediment and most microcosms from W09. The results of the microcosm studies and PCR analysis were supported by field data, which indicated significant accumulation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE) and VC at W06, but not at W09. The different microcosm results obtained for the two locations and the spatial variation of positive PCR results indicates heterogeneous distribution of dechlorinating activity and a specific dechlorinating organism, Dehalococcoides, at the site. As both Dehalococcoides and dechlorination activity were similarly, heterogeneously distributed, this suggests that molecular-probing (which could and should be extended in the future to include virtually all known dechlorinators and/or dehalogenases) can provide a relatively quick and facile method for investigating spatial distributions of dechlorinators on-site.
Abnormality of autophagic function and cathepsin expression in the liver from patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2013)

These results indicate that a decrease in hepatic cathepsin expression in NAFLD is associated with autophagic dysfunction. Hepatic inflammation correlates with autophagic dysfunction in NAFLD. These findings indicate that the suppression of autophagic proteolysis by hepatic steatosis is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Do Libraries Still Need Book Vendors and Subscription Agents (2011)

Digital content blurs the lines of traditional library acquisition workflows and organization. For example: link resolvers and the loading of order confirmation record files may be handled by systems staff in one organization and by technical services staff in another. Lines are being crossed between acquisitions and interlibrary loan functions, notably with electronic versions of theses and dissertations. Regardless of this blurring of lines, library staff use vendors still in acquiring content for the library collection. The reasons for using vendors have stood for decades, but are changes in the information industry having an impact? In the current environment, what interactions with vendors are most useful to a library?