gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker Distance Detection Using a Single Microphone (2011)

A method to detect the distance of a speaker from a single microphone in a room environment is proposed. Several features, related to statistical parameters of speech source excitation signals, are introduced and are shown to depend on the distance between source and receiver. Those features are used to train a pattern recognizer for distance detection. The method is tested using a database of speech recordings in four rooms with different acoustical properties. Performance is shown to be independent of the signal gain and level, but depends on the reverberation time and the characteristics of the room. Overall, the system performs well especially for close distances and for rooms with low reverberation time and it appears to be robust to small distance mismatches. Finally, a listening test is conducted in order to compare the results of the proposed method to the performance of human listeners.
Optical Fiber/Nanowire Hybrid Structures for Efficient Three‐Dimensional Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

Wired up: The energy conversion efficiency of three-dimensional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in a hybrid structure that integrates optical fibers and nanowire arrays is greater than that of a two-dimensional device. Internal axial illumination enhances the energy conversion efficiency of a rectangular fiber-based hybrid structure (see picture) by a factor of up to six compared to light illumination normal to the fiber axis from outside the device. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plausibility verification for situation awareness in safe human-robot cooperation (2014)

Achieving seamless human-robot cooperation requires the robot to recognize its surroundings and be aware of human actions and their implications. Still, no recognition method, e.g., for objects or actions, can achieve zero failure rates. Thus, robotic actions might be selected and planned based on false assumptions. This inherits risks for humans and machinery. Consequently, the verification of plausibility of recognition results considered in context can extract inconsistencies and regulate robotic behavior due to adapted risk assessment. In this paper, an approach for plausibility verification in a situation awareness system and corresponding risk estimation adaptation is presented and examined.
Assignment of the gene determining human carbonic anhydrase, CAI, to chromosome 8 (1986)

A cDNA clone complementary to the mRNA encoding the rabbit erythrocyte specific carbonic anhydrase, CAI, has been used as probe for human CAI sequences in the analysis of DNA from panels of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the human CAI gene in all hybrids correlates with the presence of chromosome 8. Together with published mapping data, this assignment indicates that three CA loci are situated on chromosome 8.
Anionic Homologous Fries Rearrangement of O-(2-Methylaryl)carbamates. A Regiospecific Route to Benzo[b]furan-2(3<i>H</i>)-ones including an Unnamed Metabolite from <i>Helenium</i> Species (1997)

A new LDA mediated O → C carbamoyl migration, 3 provides a general and efficient route to aryl acetamides 5, precursors to the benzo- and naphthofuranones 7, one of which serves as a starting material for a short synthesis of naturally-occurring benzofuranolactol 11 isolated from several Helenium species.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis (1974)

Of 378 pregnant women with high initial toxoplasma antibody titers or seroconversion during pregnancy, 183 acquired the infection during pregnancy, a rate of 6.3 per 100 pregnancies. There were 11 abortions; seven infants were stillborn or died. Toxoplasmosis occurred in 59 of the nonaborted offspring. Among these, two died, and seven had severe disease with cerebral and ocular involvement. Of the remaining 50, 11 had mild, and 39 had subclinical illness. Severe disease was noted only when maternal infections were acquired during the first two trimesters. Later acquisition resulted in subclinical or no fetal infections. Parasites were isolated from the placentas of 25 per cent of those who acquired toxoplasma during pregnancy. Treatment with spiramycin during pregnancy reduced the overall frequency of the fetal infections but not of overt disease. Mothers with antibodies before they became pregnant had no infected infants. (N Engl J Med 290:1110–1116, 1974)
Long-term effects of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial ischemia and heart rate variability: results of a 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. (2001)

SCS exerts long-term anti-ischemic effects.
Age-Related Memory Decline (2001)

The effect of age on memory and the brain has been the focus of many studies. Results have identified critical questions that need to be addressed to further our understanding of age-related memory decline: Is cognitive decline diffuse or selective? Where does memory decline localize to anatomically? Does decline represent an abnormal state? What are the causes of memory decline? What level of analysis is needed to investigate age-related cortical changes? These questions are reviewed herein, and attempts at early answers are discussed.
Proprioception and function after anterior cruciate reconstruction (1991)

We have assessed 45 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate reconstruction by a modified MacIntosh-Jones method. The results, using standard knee scores and clinical ligament testing, correlated poorly with the patient's own opinion and with the functional result. However, measurement of proprioception in the knee correlated well with both function (r = 0.84) and with patient satisfaction (r = 0.9). This study indicates that proprioception, rather than the clinical excellence of the repair, is a major factor in the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Salt Effect on the pH Profile and Kinetic Parameters of Microbial Phytases (2008)

The pH profiles of two microbial phytases were determined using four different general purpose buffers at different pH values. The roles of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium fluoride on activity were compared in these buffers. For Aspergillus niger phytase, calcium extended the pH range to 8.0. A high concentration of sodium chloride affected the activity of fungal phytase in the pH 3-4 range and shifted the pH optimum to 2.0 from 5.5 in Escherichia coli phytase. As expected, both of the microbial phytases were inhibited by sodium fluoride at acidic pH values. Because the Km for phytate increased nearly 2-fold for fungal phytase while Vmax increased about 75% in a high concentration of sodium chloride, it is possible that salt enhanced the product to dissociate from the active site due to an altered electrostatic environment. Modeling studies indicate that while the active site octapeptide's orientation is very similar, there are some differences in the arrangements of alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and coils that could account for the observed catalytic and salt effect differences.
Elderly frailty detection by using accelerometer-enabled smartphones and clinical information records (2012)

Elderly people become weak until they reach a state of frailty. At this time, their health begins to get worse and they are more likely to suffer bone fractures, disorders, and diseases, and they become dependent. Delaying or reducing frailty level is important to improve the quality of life of elderly people. There are many parameters to consider for frailty detection and diagnosis. In this sense, assessment of physical condition, through gait and other physical exercises, is the most important domain in frailty evaluation. Nowadays, geriatricians and physiotherapists use several tests and scales based on indicators to provide scores related to physical assessment. However, these scores depend on the viewpoint of the geriatrician. So, the assessment contains a level of subjectivity. Besides, frailty detection includes the study of other indicators from nutritional, cognitive, and social domains. In this paper, we propose a system to support physicians determining an accurate and centralized elderly frailty diagnosis, by using an accelerometer-enabled mobile phone. The accelerometer collects data movement from physical activity and calculates a set of measures that are combined with clinical indicators (from tests and medical instruments) providing a frailty assessment to facilitate decision-making and the subsequent treatment.
The SBWR (simplified boiling water reactor) thermal-hydraulic performance analysis and testing (1989)

Utility interest has recently increased in potential future nuclear units that combine the characteristics of smaller size, greater simplicity, and more passive safety features. In response to such interest, General Electric (GE) began development in 1982 of a 600-MW(electric) reactor with simplified power generation and safety systems. This paper provides an overview of the simplified boiling water reactor (SBWR) design, with emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic aspects of the design. The SBWR is a natural circulation reactor requiring no pumps to circulate the water through the core.
Stokes emission in GdF<sub>3</sub>:Nd<sup>3+</sup>nanoparticles for bioimaging probes (2013)

There is increasing interest in rare earth (RE) doped nanoparticles (NPs) due to their sharp absorption and photoluminescence (PL) in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region. These NIR based nanoparticles (NPs) could allow biological imaging at substantial depths with enhanced contrast and high spatial resolution due to the absence of auto fluorescence in biological samples under infrared excitation. Here, we present the highly efficient infrared photoluminescence in GdF₃:Nd(3+) nanoparticles under 800 nm excitation within the hydrodynamic size limitations for bio-applications. The downconversion (Stokes emission) absolute quantum yields (QY) in powder, polymaleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene (PMAO) coated powder and colloidal solutions have been investigated. QY measurements have revealed that downconversion (Stokes emission) QYs of approximately 5 ± 2 nm sized GdF₃:1% Nd(3+) colloidal NPs are 2000 times higher than those of efficient upconversion (UC) particles NaYF₄:20% Er/2% Yb of the same size. Furthermore, the utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles for bioimaging probes has been demonstrated by confocal imaging and spectroscopic study.
Ti-Doped WO<sub>3</sub> synthesized by a facile wet bath method for improved electrochromism (2017)

WO<sub>3</sub> based nanomaterials with a size as small as 5 nm were synthesized <italic>via</italic> a facile wet bath method that leads to Ti doping of WO<sub>3</sub> based on the heterovalency of W(<sc>vi</sc>) and Ti(<sc>iv</sc>).
On optimum MIMO with antenna selection (2003)

Wireless communication systems with transmit and receive antenna arrays are studied when antenna selection is used. A case with very limited feedback of information from the receiver to the transmitter is considered, where the only information fed back is the selected subset of transmit antennas to be employed. It is shown that the optimum signaling, for the largest ergodic capacity of a single isolated link with given interference and antenna selection, is generally different from that which is optimum without antenna selection for some range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In cases with interference, the improvement obtained from using the true optimum signaling approach tends to increase for this range of SNRs. Further, the optimum approach for cases without antenna selection tends to be optimum in fewer cases as interference power is increased.
Devulcanization of nitrile butadiene rubber in nitrobenzene (2004)

Abstract Sulfur‐crosslinked nitrile butadiene rubber (s‐NBR) was found to be devulcanized when it was heated with nitrobenzene at 200°C for 3 h. The tetrahydrofuran (THF)‐soluble fraction from s‐NBR heated with nitrobenzene was purified by reprecipitation with THF/ n ‐hexane, chloroform/ n ‐hexane, and THF/ n ‐hexane systems and was then characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1 H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR and 1 H‐NMR results revealed that the THF‐soluble fraction contained aromatic rings derived from nitrobenzene. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the THF‐soluble fraction was much lower than that of the parent noncrosslinked poly(acrylonitrile‐ co ‐butadiene). Although the weight loss of THF‐soluble fraction began at a lower temperature than that of the nonheated original nitrile butadiene rubber, the residual weight at 700°C tended to be higher for the former. This tendency became more marked with increasing time of heat treatment with nitrobenzene. The DSC‐determined glass‐transition temperature of the THF‐soluble fraction was higher than that of the original s‐NBR. To elucidate the devulcanization mechanism, we investigated two types of model reactions; one was the reaction of diphenyl disulfide with nitrobenzene, and the other was the reaction of polybutadiene with nitrobenzene. The former reaction, carried out at 250°C in diphenyl ether, yielded diphenyl sulfide with a loss of diphenyl disulfide and nitrobenzene. The use of a higher molar ratio of nitrobenzene to diphenyl disulfide resulted in a depression of diphenyl sulfide formation. The reaction of p ‐chloronitrobenzene with diphenyl disulfide also gave diphenyl sulfide. The reaction of polybutadiene with nitrobenzene at 200°C resulted in the backbone scission of the polymer. The THF‐soluble solid product of the latter model reaction was found by FTIR and 1 H‐NMR to contain aromatic rings derived from nitrobenzene. The devulcanization mechanism is discussed on the basis of a comparison of the results of the model reactions with those of the s‐NBR devulcanization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3342–3353, 2004
Biochemical properties of L-arabinose isomerase from Clostridium hylemonae to produce D-tagatose as a functional sweetener (2018)

d-Tagatose has gained substantial interest due to its potential functionalities as a sucrose substitute. In this study, the gene araA, encoding l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Clostridium hylemonae (DSM 15053), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This gene consists of 1,506 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 501 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56,554 Da. Since l-AI was expressed as an intracellular inclusion body, this enzyme was solubilized with guanidine hydrochloride, refolded, and activated with a descending concentration gradient of urea. The purified enzyme exhibited the greatest activity at 50°C, pH 7-7.5, and required 1 mM of Mg2+ as a cofactor. Notably, the catalytic efficiency (3.69 mM-1sec-1) of l-AI from C. hylemonae on galactose was significantly greater than that of other previously reported enzymes. The bioconversion yield of d-tagatose using the C. hylemonae l-arabinose isomerase at 60°C reached approximately 46% from 10 mM of d-galactose after 2 h. From these results, it is suggested that the l-arabinose isomerase from C. hylemonae could be utilized as a potential enzyme for d-tagatose production due to its high conversion yield at an industrially competitive temperature.
Up-regulation of Caveolin Attenuates Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling in Senescent Cells (2000)

Senescent human diploid fibroblasts do not respond to growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF), although they have a normal level of receptors and downstream signaling molecules. To examine the mechanism of signaling attenuation, we investigated Erk activation after EGF stimulation in senescent cells. Senescent cells did not phosphorylate Erk-1/2 after EGF stimulation, whereas young cells did. In those senescent cells, we found an increased level of caveolin proteins and strong interactions between caveolin-1 and EGF receptor. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated an increased number of caveolae structures in senescent cells. More interestingly, brain, spleen, and lung from 26-month-old rats showed substantial increases of caveolin proteins. However, in the case of p53-induced senescence, caveolin-1 was not induced, and EGF stimulation phosphorylated Erk-1/2 as much as young control cells. Finally, we overexpressed caveolin-1 in young human diploid fibroblasts in which the activation of Erk-1/2 upon EGF stimulation was significantly suppressed. These results suggest that the unresponsiveness of senescent fibroblasts to EGF stimulation may be due to the overexpression of caveolins, which seems to be independent of growth arrest and other aging phenotypes.
The Science of Genetics (1962)

Journal Article The Science of Genetics Get access The Science of Genetics. Auerbach Charlotte. X+273 p. Harper and Brothers Publishers, New York. ( 1961) $5.95. Eldon J. Gardner Eldon J. Gardner Department of Zoology, Utah State University, Logan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 1962, Page 40, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293069 Published: 01 February 1962
X-ray Structures of the Apo and MgATP-bound States ofDictyostelium discoideum Myosin Motor Domain (2000)

Myosin is the most comprehensively studied molecular motor that converts energy from the hydrolysis of MgATP into directed movement. Its motile cycle consists of a sequential series of interactions between myosin, actin, MgATP, and the products of hydrolysis, where the affinity of myosin for actin is modulated by the nature of the nucleotide bound in the active site. The first step in the contractile cycle occurs when ATP binds to actomyosin and releases myosin from the complex. We report here the structure of the motor domain of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II both in its nucleotide-free state and complexed with MgATP. The structure with MgATP was obtained by soaking the crystals in substrate. These structures reveal that both the apo form and the MgATP complex are very similar to those previously seen with MgATPgammaS and MgAMP-PNP. Moreover, these structures are similar to that of chicken skeletal myosin subfragment-1. The crystallized protein is enzymatically active in solution, indicating that the conformation of myosin observed in chicken skeletal myosin subfragment-1 is unable to hydrolyze ATP and most likely represents the pre-hydrolysis structure for the myosin head that occurs after release from actin.
Halogen-induced selectivity in heterogeneous epoxidation is an electronic effect—fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine in the Ag-catalysed selective oxidation of ethene (2003)

Selectivity promotion in the Ag-catalysed heterogeneous epoxidation of ethene correlates with halogen electron affinity showing that it is an electronic phenomenon rather than a steric or geometrical effect.
Multilayer holographic recording using a two-color-absorption photopolymer (2007)

We developed a sensitive two-color-absorption photopolymer in which holograms are recorded by simultaneous irradiation with a 660 nm interference light and a 410 nm gate light. Doped with bis(silyl)pentathiophene as a two-color-photosensitive dye and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a radical photopolymerization initiator; its matrix contains low-refractive index binding polymers and high-refractive index monomers. The sensitivity and diffraction efficiency of 25 mum thick layers are from 1.2 x 10(-9) to 3.7 x 10(-9) cm2/mJ and from 1% to 4%. We made a three-photopolymer-layer waveguide structure, where each photopolymer layer and high-refractive index adhesive layer serves as a core layer and is sandwiched between two low-refractive index glass substrates that serve as clad layers. Gate light propagated through the adhesive layers, reference and object beams intersected the photopolymer layers, and different diffraction patterns could be written in each layer.
User Experience Design of Interior Driving Sound for Electric Vehicle : Focusing on the Contextual Information and Quietness (2016)

최근 전기자동차와 관련된 콘텐츠 연구에서 사운드 디자인이 새로운 연구 주제로 부각되고 있다. 이 연구는 전기자동차 실내 주행음 디자인의 주요 가치들을 사용자 경험(User Experience) 측면에서 탐색하고 검증하는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다. 근거이론에 의한 탐색적 연구를 통해 맥락정보성과 정숙성을 독립변수로 도출하여 <TEX>$2{\times}2$</TEX> 요인 설계로 유용성, 감성, 만족도에 대한 주효과 및 두 변인 간 상호작용 효과를 분석하였다. 실험연구를 통해 맥락정보성과 정숙성의 조합에 따라 전기 자동차의 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향이 달라진다는 점을 밝혔다. 연구 결과에 기반하여 실내 주행 사운드 가치의 개인별 선호를 고려한 사용자 니즈 최적화를 위한 후속 연구 방향을 제시하였다. Recently, the sound design of the electric vehicle has emerged as one of the new research objects. This study was conducted to explore and examine major values of interior driving sound of the electric vehicle from the perspective of user experience. An exploratory study based on the ground theory extracted contextual information and quietness as independent variables, and then we analyzed the main and interaction effects of those two variables on the usefulness, emotion, and satisfaction through a <TEX>$2{\times}2$</TEX> factorial experimental design. The experimental study demonstrated that the effect on the user experience of electric vehicle can be conditioned by the combination of contextual information sound and quietness. Based on the results of this study, we suggested future research agendas for the optimization of user needs which reflect individual preference of interior driving sound values.
Michael Addition of 2,2-Difluoroketene Silyl Acetal. Preparation of 4,4-Difluoroglutamic Acid and 5,5-Difluorolysine (1990)

Abstract 2,2-Difluoroketene silyl acetal, generated in situ by treating methyl difluoroiodoacetate with Zn followed by chlorosilane, readily reacted with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds or acetals to give the 1,4-addition products, preferentially. The difluoro analogs of glutamic acid and lysine were prepared through the present reaction.
All-optical intermodal switch using periodic coupling in a two-mode waveguide (1989)

An intermodal switch based on optically induced (through the Kerr effect) periodic coupling in a two-mode waveguide is described and demonstrated. A high-power pump beam injected into the two modes of the waveguide produces a periodic modulation of the refractive-index profile with a period equal to the modal beat length, which causes coupling between the two modes of a simultaneously injected probe beam. The operating principle was successfully demonstrated in an elliptical-core two-mode fiber with counterpropagating pump and probe beams.
Quality of life and ageing: will the threat of war challenge successful ageing? -editorial- (2003)

With the imminent invasion of Iraq, the author reflects on the impact this may have on the older population. (non-author abstract)
Untersuchungen an Cyclopropanverbindungen, X. Homologisierung von Cyclopropylketonen mit Diazomethan (1966)

Abstract Die Cyclopropylketone 3a — c werden mit Diazomethan unter Katalyse von Bortrifluorid homologisiert. Die Zusammensetzung der gebildeten homologen Ketone (Tabb. 1 – 3) läßt eine bevorzugte Richtung der Einschiebung der CH 2 ‐Gruppe erkennen. Diese entspricht einer Wanderungsfähigkeit der Substituenten in der Reihenfolge Phenyl>Cyclopropyl>Methyl.