gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review of Cancer Chemopreventive Agents Evaluated in Experimental Carcinogenesis Models and Clinical Trials (2008)

Cancer chemoprevention refers to the use of pharmacological agents to inhibit, delay or reverse the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. The last two decades in particular have witnessed explosive growth in this emerging field of cancer chemoprevention. Extensive efforts to evaluate possible application of various chemopreventive agents, in individuals at high risk of neoplastic development have been carried out. Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role of several agents in reducing the risk of cancer. The protective action of all these agents is explained as a combination of various proposed mechanisms involving anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory action, apoptosis induction, molecular association with carcinogen, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation induction, antimicrobial effect, and anti- angiogenesis etc. Large numbers of candidate substances such as phytochemicals and their synthetic derivatives have been identified by a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies in a wide range of biological assays. However, a comprehensive description of these chemopreventive agents has not been extensively reviewed. In this review we discuss cancer chemopreventive agents in relation to their source, efficacy in cancer chemopreventive action in vivo and epidemiological data. The experimental carcinogenesis studies in different biological models, in addition to the contribution from our laboratory are summarized.
Targeting the NADPH Oxidase-4 and Liver X Receptor Pathway Preserves Schwann Cell Integrity in Diabetic Mice (2019)

Diabetes triggers peripheral nerve alterations at a structural and functional level, collectively referred to as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This work highlights the role of the liver X receptor (LXR) signaling pathway and the cross talk with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) in the pathogenesis of DPN. Using type 1 diabetic (T1DM) mouse models together with cultured Schwann cells (SCs) and skin biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we revealed the implication of LXR and Nox4 in the pathophysiology of DPN. T1DM animals exhibit neurophysiological defects and sensorimotor abnormalities paralleled by defective peripheral myelin gene expression. These alterations were concomitant with a significant reduction in LXR expression and increase in Nox4 expression and activity in SCs and peripheral nerves, which were further verified in skin biopsies of patients with T2DM. Moreover, targeted activation of LXR or specific inhibition of Nox4 in vivo and in vitro to attenuate diabetes-induced ROS production in SCs and peripheral nerves reverses functional alteration of the peripheral nerves and restores the homeostatic profiles of MPZ and PMP22. Taken together, our findings are the first to identify novel, key mediators in the pathogenesis of DPN and suggest that targeting LXR/Nox4 axis is a promising therapeutic approach.
Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of solutions exposed to cold atmospheric plasma (2016)

Abstract The exposure of aqueous solutions to atmospheric plasmas results in the generation of relatively long-lived secondary products such as hydrogen peroxide which are biologically active and have demonstrated anti-microbial and cytotoxic activity. The use of plasma-activated solutions in applications such as microbial decontamination or anti-cancer treatments requires not only adequate performance on target cells but also a safe operating window regarding the impact on surrounding tissues. Furthermore the generation of plasma-activated fluids needs to be considered as a by-stander effect of subjecting tissue to plasma discharges. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays using mammalian cell lines were used to elucidate the effects of solutions treated with di-electric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma. Plasma-treated PBS inhibited cell growth in a treatment time-dependent manner showing a linear correlation to the solutions’ peroxide concentration which remained stable over several weeks. Plasma-treated foetal bovine serum (FBS) acting as a model for complex bio-fluids showed not only cytotoxic effects but also exhibited increased mutagenic potential as determined using the mammalian HPRT assay. Further studies are warranted to determine the nature, causes and effects of the cyto- and genotoxic potential of solutions exposed to plasma discharges to ensure long-term safety of novel plasma applications in medicine and healthcare.
Phosphatidylserine Increases IKBKAP Levels in Familial Dysautonomia Cells (2010)

Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive congenital neuropathy that results from abnormal development and progressive degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous system. The mutation observed in almost all FD patients is a point mutation at position 6 of intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene; this gene encodes the IκB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP). The mutation results in a tissue-specific splicing defect: Exon 20 is skipped, leading to reduced IKAP protein expression. Here we show that phosphatidylserine (PS), an FDA-approved food supplement, increased IKAP mRNA levels in cells derived from FD patients. Long-term treatment with PS led to a significant increase in IKAP protein levels in these cells. A conjugate of PS and an omega-3 fatty acid also increased IKAP mRNA levels. Furthermore, PS treatment released FD cells from cell cycle arrest and up-regulated a significant number of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Our results suggest that PS has potential for use as a therapeutic agent for FD. Understanding its mechanism of action may reveal the mechanism underlying the FD disease.
Analysis of a stack algorithm for random multiple-access communication (1985)

An exact analysis is given of the main parameters that characterize the properties of the Capetanakis-Tsybakov-Mikhailov collision resolution algorithm with the free-access (continuous input) protocol. In particular, the distributions of the collision resolution interval, the delay experienced by a packet, and the state of the top level of the stack that is maintained by the algorithm are determined.
Real-time cloud sensing for efficiency improvement of optical high-resolution satellite remote sensing (2004)

Cloud sensing provides the ability to point the optical axis of the satellite remote sensing instrument to cloud-free areas on the basis of previously acquired cloud cover information. In this way the effective imaging capacity of the mission can be improved. The cloud cover information may be acquired in real-time for optimal performance. This paper explores a number of real-time cloud sensing concepts. The performance of the different options is assessed by analysis and simulation. It is concluded that the imaging capacity of a high-resolution optical remote sensing satellite can be improved by up to 100%.
Decomposition of Quaternary Ammonium Salts. IV. Methyl Ketones (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition of Quaternary Ammonium Salts. IV. Methyl KetonesSamuel J. Nelson, Velmer B. Fish, and Nelson R. EastonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 7, 1908Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01612a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01612a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Mutants of the Vitamin‐D‐Binding Protein: More than 120 Variants of the GC/DBP System (1988)

In this report 40 newly observed GC/DBP mutants are described. A list of the thus far identified GC mutants is presented: in addition to the three common alleles, a total of 124 Gc variants are recorded. Their population distribution is described and their relationship to the molecular features of the DBP protein is discussed. The methods currently in use for the delineation of GC mutants are briefly considered.
Corrosion and cracking of weldable 13 Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel - a review. (2002)

A critical review of the literature has been undertaken to establish the current state of knowledge and understanding of the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of 13 Cr martensitic stainless steels. To provide a framework for this, the service conditions oil and gas pipelines are subjected to are outlined in Section 1.
In Section 2 corrosion data for conventional, weldable and alloyed 13 Cr martensitic stainless steels are critically evaluated to establish the conditions in which the various steels are in the active state, pitting or passive state and typical corrosion rates. The impact of steel composition and environmental exposure conditions are assessed also.
In Section 3 data for hydrogen uptake and diffusivity in conventional AISI 410 steels and modified 13 Cr steels are reviewed.
In Section 4 a selected sample of the recent literature on stress corrosion cracking of the modified 13 Cr steels is evaluated, with a view to identifying the impact of different service and laboratory test variables. The main emphasis in the discussion is on establishing a clear perspective on the best approach to testing.
CMOS-Compatible High Efficiency Polarization Splitting Grating Coupler near 1310nm (2016)

Polarization-splitting grating couplers (PSGCs) were fabricated by the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process at 1310 nm on silicon-on-insulator. The PSGC achieved a maximum coupling efficiency of −3.3 dB using compensation design.
Sero-epidemiological survey of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in children and adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria (2013)

This study was carried out between October, 2010 and February, 2011 to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among 1,000 children and adolescents in Ado-Ekiti and Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from the subjects and screened for antibodies to HBsAg, using hepatitis B kits with double sandwich antibody principles. Also, standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from the subjects. The results were recorded as positive or negative to HBsAg and were subjected to statistical analysis using a statistical package, SPSS windows version 17 and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Out of the 1,000 subjects enrolled in this study, 529 (52.9%) were males and 471 (47.1%) were females, aged between 9 and 20 years. HBsAg was detected in 115 (11.5%) subjects comprising 74 (14.0%) males and 41(8.7%) females. Prevalence rate was highest in age range 13 to 16 years (50.4%) and was lowest in age range 9 to 12 years (13.0%). Out of the 65 subjects who had previous history of blood transfusion, 7 (6.1%) were seropositive. A total of 21 (18.3%) subjects out of the 201 subjects recorded as having shared sharp instruments and personal materials were positive for HBsAg. Also, 26 (22.6%) out of the 71 subjects who have had sexual intercourse were seropositive. The high risk behaviors associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in this population were; sharing of sharp instruments or personal materials (18.3%) and sexual contact (22.6%). There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the age, gender and location of the subjects and the prevalence of HBV. It was observed in this study that 115 (11.5%) of adolescents studied in Ado-and Ido-Ekiti harbor HBV and are ignorant of the disease caused by this virus. Mass screening, immunization against the virus and public health education to enlighten the public of the virus, and the possible routes of infection are recommended to reduce the spread of the virus. This study may provide invaluable base line information in controlling the spread of HBV infection in the study location and beyond.

	 

	Key words: Hepatitis B surface antigen, children and adolescents, sero-prevalence.
Diagnostic Potential of Tear Proteomic Patterns in Sjögren's Syndrome (2005)

Histological and functional changes of the lacrimal gland might be reflected in proteomic patterns in tear fluids. In this study, we carried out a determination of the disease biomarkers in tear fluid for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and a performance of noninvasive diagnostic test based on the proteomic patterns. Thirty-one SS patients and 57 control subjects were enrolled to this study. Their details were 23 cases with primary SS, 8 with secondary SS, 14 with dry eyes, 22 with miscellaneous ocular diseases, and 21 of healthy volunteers. Protein profiling in tear fluids was identified by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Multiple protein changes were reproducibly detected in the primary SS group, including 10 potential novel biomarkers. Seven of the biomarkers (2094, 2743, 14191, 14702, 16429, 17453, 17792 m/z) were down-regulated and 3 biomarkers (3483, 4972, 10860 m/z) were up-regulated in primary SS group, comparing to the protein profiles of control subjects. When cutoff value of SS down-score was set less than 0.5, this result yielded 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The positive predictive value for this sample set was 100%. There was a significant inverse correlation between SS down-scores and epithelial damages of the ocular surface in primary SS patients. These findings support the potential of proteomic pattern technology in tear fluids as the noninvasive diagnostic test for primary SS.
Effects of N:P atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on algal growth, cell composition, and nitrate uptake 1 (1978)

Scenedesmus sp. was grown in chemostats at a fixed growth rate ( µ ) in an inorganic medium with nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratios (N:P) ranging from 5 to 80, to investigate the effect of double nutrient limitation. There was no additive or multiplicative effect of the two nutrient limitations: below the optimal cell N:P of 30, growth was determined solely by N limitation and above 30, by P limitation. Cell N remained constant up to the optimal ratio and increased linearly with N:P above it. The level of cell P was high at low N:P (N‐limited state) but decreased rapidly until N:P approached the optimal and remained constant at a low level at high N:P (P‐limited state). Protein was the major fraction in which excess N accumulated under P limitation. Cell free amino acids were a constant proportion of cell N at all N:P ratios. RNA concentration was the same regardless of N:P, its level being determined by µ independent of the type of limiting nutrients. Cell carbon (C) concentration was higher in the P‐limited than in the N‐limited state. The C fixation rate per unit chlorophyll a , however, was constant under both P‐ and N‐limited states because the variation in chlorophyll a content was similar to that of C. The apparent maximum uptake rate for nitrate ( V ) in N‐ and P‐limited cultures decreased with increasing cell N or N:P. In N‐limited cultures the half‐saturation constant ( K m ) also decreased at higher cell N or N:P. The variation of V appeared to be affected by the level of free amino acids.
Modeling requirements for combinatorial software testing (2005)

The combinatorial approach to software testing uses models to generate a minimal number of test inputs so that selected combinations of input values are covered. The most common coverage criteria is two-way, or pairwise coverage of value combinations, though for higher confidence three-way or higher coverage may be required. This paper presents example system requirements and corresponding models for applying the combinatorial approach to those requirements. These examples are intended to serve as a tutorial for applying the combinatorial approach to software testing. Although this paper focuses on pairwise coverage, the discussion is equally valid when higher coverage criteria such as three-way (triples) are used. We use terminology and modeling notation from the AETG 1 system to provide concrete examples.
How Rockets Work (2012)

Rockets - Whether flying a small model rocket or launching a giant space shuttle into space, Newton's Laws of Motion are at work.
The Control on Growth Hormone Release by Free Fatty Acids Is Maintained in Acromegaly (1999)

Free fatty acids (FFA) physiologically regulate GH release via a negative feedback. The aim of this study was to examine whether such feedback is preserved in acromegaly, a condition in which alterations in other regulatory mechanisms of GH release occur. Eight acromegalic patients (group 1: five women and three men, 43.0 +/- 4.2 yr old, mean +/- SE) received per os on two different days, at a 3 day-interval, in a random order, placebo or 250 mg of acipimox, an inhibitor of lipolysis analogous to nicotinic acid, at 0700 and 1100 h. In both tests GHRH (1-29 NH2), 50 microg, was administered i.v. at 1300 h. Blood samples for GH, FFA, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and glucose were taken from 0900 to 1500 h, and the time period considered for statistical analysis was 1200-1500 h, representative of steady-state condition for FFA, IRI, and glucose. Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly lower after acipimox than after placebo (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.01). In contrast, both mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) and the mean GH response to GHRH (GH delta area, 1300-1500 h) were significantly higher after acipimox than after placebo (12.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.8 +/- 1.2 microg/L, P < 0.01; 2937 +/- 959 vs. 1154 +/- 432 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). The increase in both basal GH levels and GH delta area occurred in all eight patients. Acipimox also reduced mean serum IRI (83 +/- 12 vs. 112 +/- 14 pmol/L) and blood glucose (5.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) levels, as compared with placebo (P < 0.03 or less). Eight acromegalic patients (group 2: six women and two men, 46.6 +/- 5.7 yr old) underwent a constant i.v. 10% lipid infusion (150 mL/h), started at 0900 h and continued until 1500 h. Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly higher during lipid infusion than after placebo (0.27 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.02); in contrast, mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) were reduced by lipid infusion, as compared with placebo (9.9 +/- 3.1 vs. 16.6 +/- 4.4 microg/L, P < 0.01), and the same occurred for the GH delta area after GHRH (2498 +/- 1643 vs. 4512 +/- 1988 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). Serum IRI and blood glucose levels were similar after placebo and during lipid infusion. These data indicate that, in acromegaly, the acute reduction of circulating FFA levels results in increased GH release, whereas the increase in circulating FFA levels is accompanied by a reduced GH release. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in acromegaly, the control of FFA on GH release is preserved.
Cut the Rate! (2011)

Sometimes the corporate tax's tortuous tangle of rules and regulations can distract us from its most important feature: the tax rate. Unlike most everything else in corporate tax law, it is simple to understand. You can actually talk about it to regular people and they won't look at you like you're from Mars. And if lawmakers want to change it, all they have to do is adjust a few digits in the code, like resetting the temperature on your home thermostat.KeywordsTransfer PriceAccelerate DepreciationGreen GrapeBook ProfitGenerous Depreciation AllowanceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Low-voltage-operating complementary inverters with C60 and pentacene transistors on glass substrates (2007)

Organic complementary inverters with C60 and pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated on glass substrate. The inverter operated at low voltages of 1–5V. The C60 and pentacene TFTs had high field-effect mobilities of 0.68 and 0.59cm2∕Vs, and threshold voltage of 0.80 and −0.84V, respectively. The low threshold voltage enables the low voltage operation of the inverter.
Development and validation of a 3D-printed interfacial stress sensor for prosthetic applications (2014)

A novel capacitance-based sensor designed for monitoring mechanical stresses at the stump-socket interface of lower-limb amputees is described. It provides practical means of measuring pressure and shear stresses simultaneously. In particular, it comprises of a flexible frame (20 mm × 20 mm), with thickness of 4mm. By employing rapid prototyping technology in its fabrication, it offers a low-cost and versatile solution, with capability of adopting bespoke shapes of lower-limb residua. The sensor was first analysed using finite element analysis (FEA) and then evaluated using lab-based electromechanical tests. The results validate that the sensor is capable of monitoring both pressure and shear at stresses up to 350 kPa and 80 kPa, respectively. A post-signal processing model is developed to induce pressure and shear stresses, respectively. The effective separation of pressure and shear signals can be potentially advantageous for sensor calibration in clinical applications. The sensor also demonstrates high linearity (approx. 5-8%) and high pressure (approx. 1.3 kPa) and shear (approx. 0.6 kPa) stress resolution performance. Accordingly, the sensor offers the potential for exploitation as an assistive tool to both evaluate prosthetic socket fitting in clinical settings and alert amputees in home settings of excessive loading at the stump-socket interface, effectively preventing stump tissue breakdown at an early stage.