gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human tumor growth by IgG2A monoclonal antibodies correlates with antibody density on tumor cells. (1985)

Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAb) of IgG2a isotype that were produced against human melanomas were tested for tumor growth-inhibiting properties in nude mice injected with human melanoma cells of various origins. Four of the eight MAb inhibited growth of these tumors, and all four of these antibodies reacted in antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity (ADMC) assays in vitro. The MAb that were inactive in vivo also did not react in these assays in vitro. The number of antibody-binding sites per cell on the tumor cell surface was significantly higher for tumoricidal MAb as compared to unreactive MAb. On the other hand, the percentage of tumor cells binding the MAb and the binding affinity to these cells were the same for the two groups of MAb. Also, tumoricidal and nontumoricidal MAb bound with similar affinity and antibody density to Fc receptors on macrophages. The importance of the number of antibody sites on the tumor cell surface for tumor destruction by MAb was confirmed by the demonstration of tumoricidal effects of mixtures of MAb that were by themselves not tumoricidal. MAb binding to different molecules on melanoma cells were complementary in ADMC, whereas MAb directed to the same molecule but to different epitopes were not.
Residual statics solution by L1 regularized inversion in common offset domain (2017)

Residual statics estimation is an important step in seismic data processing. We develop a methodology for determining residual statics with common offset gathers (COG). The methodology is divided into two steps: 1) inverting the total residual statics of each trace in COG; 2) decomposing the total residual statics into the shot and the receiver residual statics. In the first step, the total residual statics can be inverted from equations derived from the refraction traveltimes in the common offset domain constrained by L1 norm regularization. In the second part, the total residual statics of each trace is decomposed into shot and receiver residual statics with zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization. The synthetic examples show that the method can help determine large magnitude residual statics and mitigate the effect of picking errors. The method is applied to real data and the results show improved quality of CMP stacks. Presentation Date: Thursday, September 28, 2017 Start Time: 11:00 AM Location: 370C Presentation Type: ORAL
Role of phosphate retention in the progression of renal failure. (1993)

Dietary phosphorus restriction can prevent the progression of renal failure in subtotally nephrectomized rats or in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis, independent of protein and caloric intake. Conversely, diets high in phosphorus content result in a more rapid deterioration of renal function. The results are less compelling in indicating that phosphorus restriction can slow the progression of renal failure in the clinical setting. The toxicity of phosphate appears to be related to induction of calcium phosphate precipitation, resulting in tubulointerstitial disease. Most studies of prevention of renal calcification have addressed a single pathway in the development of nephrocalcinosis. These include inhibitors of calcium phosphate precipitation, calcium channel blockers, or an inhibitor of PTH secretion. All of these studies have shown a beneficial effect in preserving renal function. It is possible that a combination of these agents, started early in the course of CRF, may have an additive effect in preventing the progression to ESRD. The discussion of other factors associated with progression of renal failure is beyond the scope of this review. It is obvious that dietary protein restriction, treatment of systemic and intraglomerular hypertension and lipid abnormalities, and prevention of iron overload, all play roles in the preservation of renal function in CRF.
Understanding Ethereum via Graph Analysis (2018)

Being the largest blockchain with the capability of running smart contracts, Ethereum has attracted wide attention and its market capitalization has reached 20 billion USD. Ethereum not only supports its cryptocurrency named Ether but also provides a decentralized platform to execute smart contracts in the Ethereum virtual machine. Although Ether's price is approaching 200 USD and nearly 600K smart contracts have been deployed to Ethereum, little is known about the characteristics of its users, smart contracts, and the relationships among them. To fill in the gap, in this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on Ethereum by leveraging graph analysis to characterize three major activities on Ethereum, namely money transfer, smart contract creation, and smart contract invocation. We design a new approach to collect all transaction data, construct three graphs from the data to characterize major activities, and discover new observations and insights from these graphs. Moreover, we propose new approaches based on cross-graph analysis to address two security issues in Ethereum. The evaluation through real cases demonstrates the effectiveness of our new approaches.
한국어에서의 정보포장: 대명사 해결을 중심으로 (2000)

이 논문에서는 국지적인 대명사의 해결을 위한 이론적인 틀로 널리 아려진 중심화이론의 여러 이론적인 정보포장이론이라는 새로운 담화의미론으로 발전시킬 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 이로써 한국어 담화상에 나타나는 대명사의 선행사 탐색이 상당히 설득력있게 이루어질 수 있음을 보였다. 이를 위해 먼저 제한된 영역대화라 할 수 있는 호텔예약대화에 나타나는 영대명사의 특징에 대해 논의한다. 이어서, 대명사 해결과 관련하여 정보구조가 중심화이론의 주요 구성요소인 정향적 중심리스트 서열 구성에 직접 반영되어야 함을 보인다. 마지막으로 대명사를 담화통어할 수 있는 위치에 있어야 한다는 담화통어제약을 제안하여 광역대화에 나타나는 명시적인 대명사의 해결을 위한 하나의 대안을 제시한다.
Clinical Significance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization on Hospital Admission: One-Year Infection Risk (2013)

MRSA nasal colonization is a significant risk factor for future MRSA infection; more so if detected by culture than PCR. Colonization with PVL-positive MRSA is associated with greater risk than PVL-negative MRSA.
Spectral recovery of outdoor illumination by an extension of the Bayesian inverse approach to the Gaussian mixture model (2012)

The Bayesian inference approach to the inverse problem of spectral signal recovery has been extended to mixtures of Gaussian probability distributions of a training dataset in order to increase the efficiency of estimating the spectral signal from the response of a transformation system. Bayesian (BIC) and Akaike (AIC) information criteria were assessed in order to provide the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with the optimum number of clusters within the spectral space. The spectra of 2600 solar illuminations measured in Granada (Spain) were recovered over the range of 360-830 nm from their corresponding tristimulus values using a linear model of basis functions, the Wiener inverse (WI) method, and the Bayesian inverse approach extended to the GMM (BGMM). A model of Gaussian mixtures for solar irradiance was deemed to be more appropriate than a single Gaussian distribution for representing the probability distribution of the solar spectral data. The results showed that the estimation performance of the BGMM method was better than either the linear model or the WI method for the spectral approximation of daylight from the three-dimensional tristimulus values.
On the Incorporation of Trivalent Rare Earth Ions in II−VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2002)

Nanocrystalline ZnS and CdS samples have been synthesized in the presence of Eu3+ and Tb3+ using various techniques (precipitation in water, methanol, or toluene and inverse micelle techniques) which have been reported to yield ZnS or CdS nanoparticles doped with luminescent rare earth ions. Nanocrystalline particles with a typical diameter of 4 nm were formed. In some cases, particles were heated (up to 800 °C) which resulted in an increase of the particle diameter (>20 nm). To study the incorporation of rare earth ions in the particles, luminescence spectra have been measured. Upon excitation in the semiconductor host lattice, no emission or weak emission is observed from the rare earth ions. The excitation spectra of the characteristic rare earth emissions show excitation lines corresponding to intraconfigurational 4fn−4fn transitions of the rare earth ions but not the semiconductor host lattice excitation band. The absence of a host lattice excitation band indicates that with the presently used synthesis techniques the rare earth ions are not incorporated in the nanocrystalline semiconductor particles but are probably adsorbed at the surface.
Thermal Infrared Face Recognition: A Review (2017)

Visible light face recognition has been well researched but still its performance is limited by varying illumination conditions. Illumination conditions are major source of the uncertainty in face recognition systems performance when it is used in outdoor setting. In order to augment the performance of visible light face recognition system's performance, infrared facial images as a new modality has been used in the literature. The other intriguing factor in using the infrared, especially thermal infrared imaging for facial recognition is the night time surveillance with little or no light to illuminate the faces. Thermal facial recognition is used in several covert military applications. The covert data acquisition has its own environmental constraints. The choice of infrared makes the system less dependent on external light sources and more robust with respect to incident angle and light variations. In this paper we focus on reviewing recent developments in thermal IR face recognition and suggest the approaches that could be useful in matching visible and thermal IR images.
Four-wave mixing: applications to both fundamental research and photonics technology (1997)

This paper presents a review of the principles, experimental details and applications of four wave mixing. The principles of four wave mixing are discussed using models of both nonlinear optical interaction and transient grating. Various physical mechanisms contributing to four wave mixing are discussed. The contributions of purely electronic coherent term as well as of the population dependent and time delayed incoherent terms are discussed. Applications illustrated here cover the determination of third-order optical nonlinearity; study of excited state dynamics; evaluation of acoustic properties and elastic moduli; and application to high density holographic data storage using photorefractivity.
Soot and Wear in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many researchers [<span class="xref">1</span>,<span class="xref">2</span>,<span class="xref">3</span>,<span class="xref">4</span>] have suggested that lubricants contaminated with soot result in increased rates of wear. Numerous potential mechanisms have been proposed which include abrasion via three body contact, oil starvation and deactivation of the anti-wear additives. It is commonly thought that the control of soot aggregation by the addition of appropriate dispersant additives will lead to improved wear performance [<span class="xref">5</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the kinematic behaviour of two valve train contacts are studied and a generalised wear model proposed that highlights the importance of oil film thickness, soot particle size and contact mechanics. The results of these analyses when considered alongside the detailed rheological behaviour of the soot laden oil lead us to challenge the significance of soot aggregation and viscosity control to engine wear. The dependence of oil film thickness on oil formulation parameters is explained and the wear control advantage derived from good dispersion is rationalised as an adventitious consequence of oil film thickness increases derived from certain dispersant molecules.</div>
Technique for real-time high-resolution adaptive phase compensation (1983)

An "all-optical" approach for the realization of adaptive optical systems potentially containing in excess of a million spatial-resolution elements is reported. A phase-measurement and -compensation technique called an interference phase loop is employed in conjunction with a monolithic optically addressed spatial light modulator (SLM). Wave-front phase compensation and shaping, and the ability to ignore amplitude fluctuations and compensate phase in real time over multiple pi radians of dynamic range, were demonstrated in two discrete-channel laboratory test systems containing one and nineteen resolution elements. All-optical phase compensation with a monolithic SLM was also successfully demonstrated.
Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. nov., a xanthan-degrading bacterium isolated from soil (2017)

A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain AS7<sup>T</sup> was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7<sup>T</sup> belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04<sup>T</sup> (98.0 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phospholipids. These chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with the isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7<sup>T</sup> and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04<sup>T</sup> was only 14.4±2.5 %. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7<sup>T</sup> represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AS7<sup>T</sup> (=IBRC M 10987<sup>T</sup>=LMG 29451<sup>T</sup>).
Palladium–hydroquinone catalysed electrochemical 1,4-oxidation of conjugated dienes (1987)

The mediator system palladium(II)–hydroquinone was shown to catalyse the anodic oxidation of cyclohexa-1,3-diene in acetic acid to produce selectively either trans- or cis-1,4-diacetoxycyclohex-2-ene (1) depending on the conditions.
An Illustrated Guide to River Phytoplankton (1980)

No abstract available.
Self-Consistent Micromechanical Enhancement of Continuous Fiber Composites (2011)

Much of the previous work in developing analytical models for high performance composite materials has focused on representations of the heterogeneous medium as a homogenous, anisotropic continuum. The development of the equivalent properties of the homogenous medium from the geometry of the microstructure and the fiber and matrix properties has been come to be known as “micromechanics” (Daniel & Ishai, 2006). The term “homogenization” has been applied to the process of determining the effective properties of the homogenous medium and for much of the past half century homogenization was the only task of micromechanics. However, increases in computational capability has allowed for the use of micromechanics as a “de-homogenization” tool as well. The dehomogenization method that is the focus of the current study has been come to be known as “micromechanical enhancement” (Gosse & Christensen, 2001; Buchanan et al., 2009). Here the deformation of the homogeneous medium is enhanced by influence functions derived from unit cell micromechanical models representing extremes in the packing efficiencies of fiber arrangements. The motivation for development of the de-homogenization step is the need for an increase in the robustness and fidelity of failure theories used for these material systems wherein the deformation fields within the homogenized solutions are enhanced to reflect the actual strain field topologies within the fiber and matrix constituents. It is these enhanced strain fields that are used to determine the onset of damage initiation within the medium. There are several categories of models which have been proposed to perform the homogenization step of micromechanics including: mechanics of materials (Voigt, 1887; Reuss, 1929); self-consistent field (Hill, 1965); bounding methods based on variation principals (Paul, 1960; Hashin & Rosen 1964); semi-empirical (Halpin & Tsai, 1967); numerical finite element methods (Sun & Vaidya, 1996) and experimental methods such as uniaxial coupon tests. A significant amount of work has been devoted to this topic and more complete reviews are found elsewhere (Christensen 1979; Pindera et al., 2009). Although any analysis method used should be vetted against a rigorous testing program, accurate micromechanics models can provide a cost effective method for a priori material evaluation and ranking of composite systems. In the traditional composite analysis workflow, homogenized material properties are used in a laminate analysis of a structural
Defective calcium homeostasis in the cerebellum in a mouse model of Niemann–Pick A disease (2005)

We recently demonstrated that calcium homeostasis is altered in mouse models of two sphingolipid storage diseases, Gaucher and Sandhoff diseases, owing to modulation of the activities of a calcium-release channel (the ryanodine receptor) and of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) respectively, by the accumulating sphingolipids. We now demonstrate that calcium homeostasis is also altered in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick A disease, the acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase)-deficient mouse (ASM-/-), with reduced rates of calcium uptake via SERCA in the cerebellum of 6-7-month-old mice. However, the mechanism responsible for defective calcium homeostasis is completely different from that observed in the other two disease models. Thus, levels of SERCA expression are significantly reduced in the ASM-/- cerebellum by 6-7 months of age, immediately before death of the mice, as are levels of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), the major calcium-release channel in the cerebellum. Systematic analyses of the time course of loss of SERCA and IP3R expression revealed that loss of the IP3R preceeded that of SERCA, with essentially no IP3R remaining by 4 months of age, whereas SERCA was still present even after 6 months. Expression of zebrin II (aldolase C), a protein found in about half of the Purkinje cells in the adult mouse cerebellum, was essentially unchanged during development. We discuss possible pathological mechanisms related to calcium dysfunction that may cause Purkinje cell degeneration, and as a result, the onset of neuropathology in Niemann-Pick A disease.
Connectivity of precuneus to the default mode and dorsal attention networks: A possible invariant marker of long-term tinnitus (2017)

Resting state functional connectivity studies of tinnitus have provided inconsistent evidence concerning its neural bases. This may be due to differences in the methodology used, but it is also likely related to the heterogeneity of the tinnitus population. In this study, our goal was to identify resting state functional connectivity alterations that consistently appear across tinnitus subgroups. We examined two sources of variability in the subgroups: tinnitus severity and the length of time a person has had chronic tinnitus (referred to as tinnitus duration). Data for the current large-scale analysis of variance originated partly from our earlier investigations (Schmidt et al., 2013; Carpenter-Thompson et al., 2015) and partly from previously unpublished studies. Decreased correlations between seed regions in the default mode network and the precuneus were consistent across individuals with long-term tinnitus (who have had tinnitus for greater than one year), with more bothersome tinnitus demonstrating stronger decreases. In the dorsal attention network, patients with moderately severe tinnitus showed increased correlations between seeds in the network and the precuneus, with this effect also present in only some patients with mild tinnitus. The same effects were not seen in patients with mild tinnitus and tinnitus duration between 6 and 12 months. Our results are promising initial steps towards identifying invariant neural correlates of tinnitus and indexing differences between subgroups.
A SOM approach to the failure physics of optoelectronic devices (1993)

The use of optical beam induced current (OBIC) and photoluminescence (PL) implemented in a scanning optical microscope (SOM) for the study of the degradation mechanisms of optoelectronic devices is discussed. High sensitivity and spatial resolution in the localization of defects are demonstrated, unique analytical schemes are described, and the cofocal photoluminescence (CPL) technique is introduced. Theoretical analysis and computations support the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice (2007)

To the Editor: In the Clinical Problem-Solving article, "Lost in Transcription" (Oct.5 issue), 1 Kalus and colleagues quickly home in on a medication error involving methotrexate overdosing as the likely cause of the patient's fever and presumed urosepsis.However, they do not discuss the fact that this patient, who was reportedly allergic to penicillin, received piperacillin-tazobactam as treatment for her urosepsis -an error that could be more deadly in the immediate future if she did have a true allergy.
Anti–interleukin-1 therapy in rheumatic diseases (2001)

Recent research has shown that in the processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), interleukin (IL)-1 is one of the pivotal cytokines in initiating disease, and the body's natural response, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), has been shown conclusively to block its effects. In laboratory and animal studies inhibition of IL-1 by either antibodies to IL-1 or IL-1Ra proved beneficial to the outcome. To date, two large well-controlled studies in patients with RA led to the conclusion that IL-1Ra is clinically effective and that it slows progression of bone damage as measured radiographically. Being a specific, selective inhibitor of the IL-1 pathway, IL-1Ra could constitute an important new approach to treating patients with RA that significantly reduces the signs and symptoms of the disease, reduces joint destruction and up to now has proved safe and well tolerated.
Successive optimization of zeros of reflection characteristics for automated microwave filter tuning (2011)

This paper presents a novel automated microwave filter tuning method based on successive optimization of zeros of return loss characteristics. The proposed method consists of two stages; coarse and fine tuning stages. In the first stage, called coarse tuning, the phase response error of the target filter is minimized. Then in the second stage, called fine tuning, we optimize the position of zeros of return loss characteristics. Performance of the proposed tuning procedure is evaluated through some experiments of actual filter tuning.