gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of chronic prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( <scp>BPH</scp> ) (2013)

Several different stimuli may induce chronic prostatic inflammation, which in turn would lead to tissue damage and continuous wound healing, thus contributing to prostatic enlargement. Patients with chronic inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been shown to have larger prostate volumes, more severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and a higher probability of acute urinary retention than their counterparts without inflammation. Chronic inflammation could be a predictor of poor response to BPH medical treatment. Thus, the ability to identify patients with chronic inflammation would be crucial to prevent BPH progression and develop target therapies. Although the histological examination of prostatic tissue remains the only available method to diagnose chronic inflammation, different parameters, such as prostatic calcifications, prostate volume, LUTS severity, storage and prostatitis-like symptoms, poor response to medical therapies and urinary biomarkers, have been shown to be correlated with chronic inflammation. The identification of patients with BPH and chronic inflammation might be crucial in order to develop target therapies to prevent BPH progression. In this context, clinical, imaging and laboratory parameters might be used alone or in combination to identify patients that harbour chronic prostatic inflammation.
Carboxylic acid participation in amide hydrolysis. Competition between acid-catalyzed dehydration and anhydride formation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxylic acid participation in amide hydrolysis. Competition between acid-catalyzed dehydration and anhydride formationRonald Kluger and John C. HuntCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 15, 5921–5925Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a062RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (579 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pokémon Go and augmented virtual reality games: a cautionary commentary for parents and pediatricians (2016)

Pediatricians play a key role in counseling parents and children about safety precautions and setting appropriate limits for impressionable youth. Parents and pediatricians should be aware of this new and remarkably popular game that appeals to a wide variety of individuals. To protect children from injury, predators, and inappropriate situations, parents and pediatricians must regulate children's participation in this game and maintain vigilance for potentially dangerous circumstances.
Ceramide/Long-Chain Base Phosphate Rheostat in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Regulation of Ceramide Synthesis by Elo3p and Cka2p (2003)

Sphingolipid precursors, namely, ceramide and long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs), are important growth regulators with often opposite effects on mammalian cells. A set of enzymes that regulate the levels of these precursors, referred to as a ceramide/LCBP rheostat, is conserved in all eukaryotes. In order to gain further insight into the function of the rheostat in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we searched for mutants that are synthetically lethal with a deletion of the LCB3 gene encoding LCBP phosphatase. In addition to acquiring expected mutants lacking the LCBP lyase, the screen revealed elo3 (sur4) mutants that were defective in fatty acid elongation and cka2 mutants lacking the alpha' subunit of the protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase). Both mutations affected the in vivo activity of the acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA)-dependent and fumonisin B(1)-sensitive ceramide synthase (CS). The Elo3 protein is necessary for synthesis of C(26)-CoA, which in wild-type yeast is a source of C(26) fatty acyls found in the ceramide moieties of all sphingolipids. In the in vitro assay, CS had a strong preference for acyl-CoAs containing longer acyl chains. This finding suggests that a block in the formation of C(26)-CoA in yeast may cause a reduction in the conversion of LCBs into ceramides and lead to an overaccumulation of LCBPs that is lethal in strains lacking the Lcb3 phosphatase. In fact, elo3 mutants were found to accumulate high levels of LCBs and LCBPs. The cka2 mutants, on the other hand, exhibited only 25 to 30% of the in vitro CS activity found in wild-type membranes, indicating that the alpha' subunit of CK2 kinase is necessary for full activation of CS. The cka2 mutants also accumulated high levels of LCBs and had elevated levels of LCBPs. In addition, both the elo3 and cka2 mutants showed increased sensitivity to the CS inhibitors australifungin and fumonisin B(1). Together, our data demonstrate that the levels of LCBPs in yeast are regulated by the rate of ceramide synthesis, which depends on CK2 kinase activity and is also strongly affected by the supply of C(26)-CoA. This is the first evidence indicating the involvement of protein kinase in the regulation of de novo sphingolipid synthesis in any organism.
Mitogenic signaling by epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not platelet-derived growth factor, requires arachidonic acid metabolism in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Modulation of EGF-dependent c-myc expression by prostaglandins. (1990)

Previously, we have shown that prostaglandins are necessary, but not sufficient, for the stimulation of mitogenesis in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Nolan, R. D., Danilowicz, R. M., and Eling, T. E. (1988) Mol. Pharmacol. 33, 650-656). The purpose of this work was to extend these findings to another potent mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and to determine if metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins is necessary for stimulation of expression of the protooncogene c-myc by EGF, which is an early event in the mitogenic cascade. In BALB/c 3T3 cells grown to about 70% confluence and deprived of serum for 16-24 h, PDGF stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA significantly in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not increase production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The addition of indomethacin, a prostaglandin H synthase inhibitor, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not affect PDGF-stimulated thymidine uptake into DNA. In addition, PGE2 enhanced EGF-dependent, but not PDGF-dependent, mitogenesis. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that prostaglandins are not involved in PDGF-dependent mitogenesis. In contrast, indomethacin (10(-6) M) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10(-6) M) inhibited EGF-stimulated thymidine uptake and c-myc expression by approximately 50%. Addition of PGG2 (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) in the presence of indomethacin and EGF restored the ability of EGF to elevate c-myc RNA levels and DNA synthesis. When PGF2 alpha (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) was added in the presence of EGF, c-myc RNA levels and thymidine incorporation were elevated up to 5-6-fold above levels observed with EGF alone. These data support the hypothesis that metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins is necessary for stimulation of c-myc expression by EGF in BALB/c 3T3 cells.
A Parylene-Silicon Cochlear Electrode Array with Integrated Position Sensors (2006)

A thin-film cochlear electrode array has been developed for a cochlear prosthesis to achieve improved sound perception and position accuracy. The array is fabricated using a bulk-silicon micromachining process that allows parylene deposition and patterning at wafer level, followed by a wet silicon release etch that is compatible with the use of boron etch-stops. The process is capable of realizing arrays with substrates stressed to hug the modiolar wall in the rest state and whose stiffness can be adjusted over a wide range. Built-in tip and curvature sensors respond to tip contact and bending-induced shank stress, respectively during in-vitro and in-vivo implants. The process is also compatible with the integration of parylene ribbon cables for lead transfer to an implanted electronics package.
Organic and nanocomposite optical materials : symposium held November 28-December 3, 2004, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2005)

Rapid advances in complex macromolecular synthesis and the fabrication of nanostructures have provided expansive opportunities for the development of new materials with unique optical and nonlinear optical properties. Key to continual progress is the establishment of robust structure-property-processing relationships that will provide a framework to evaluate ultimate potential, articulate relevant figures of merit, and engineer materials systems for specific applications. Success necessitates interactions across diverse disciplines spanning theory, synthesis, fabrication, characterization and device evaluation for photonic applications. This book addresses the challenges associated with the synthesis, theory and characterization of new compounds and nanostructured materials that exhibit, or are formed, using unique photophysics. Topics include: nonlinear optical properties materials; nonlinear optical materials; organometallic optical materials; plasmonics; electro-optical and electronic materials; organic and hybrid light-emitting devices; nanocomposite optical materials; and organic photonic bandgap structures.
Viruses transfer the antiviral second messenger cGAMP between cells (2015)

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic DNA during virus infection and induces an antiviral state. cGAS signals by synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We show that cGAMP is incorporated into viral particles, including lentivirus and herpesvirus virions, when these are produced in cGAS-expressing cells. Virions transferred cGAMP to newly infected cells and triggered a STING-dependent antiviral program. These effects were independent of exosomes and viral nucleic acids. Our results reveal a way by which a signal for innate immunity is transferred between cells, potentially accelerating and broadening antiviral responses. Moreover, infection of dendritic cells with cGAMP-loaded lentiviruses enhanced their activation. Loading viral vectors with cGAMP therefore holds promise for vaccine development.
Electronics put it on plastic (1998)

There is a memorable scene in The Graduate where Benjamin, the title character played by a young Dustin Hoffman, is given advice as he faces a career after college. He is told a single word: "plastics".
Introduction and key to superfamilies. (2008)

This chapter outlines key morphological features of digeneans belonging to different superfamilies, which aims to facilitate the orderly search for specific genera within the superfamilies.
Toll‐like receptors and their role in gastrointestinal disease (2009)

The innate immune response to invading pathogens is centred upon a family of non-clonal, germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These provide specificity for a vast range of microbial pathogens, and offer an immediate anti-microbial response system. Thirteen mammalian TLRs have been described; 10 are expressed in humans, each responsible for the recognition of distinct, invariant microbial structures originating from bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The two most thoroughly studied are TLR4 and TLR2, the PRRs for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial products, respectively. TLR4 is also the major receptor recognising endogenous ligands released from damaged or dying cells. Activation of a TLR by its relevant ligand rapidly ignites a complex intracellular signaling cascade that ultimately results in upregulation of inflammatory genes and production of proinflammatory cytokines, interferons and recruitment of myeloid cells. It also stimulates expression, upon antigen presenting cells, of co-stimulatory molecules required to induce an adaptive immune response. Whilst a robust TLR response is critical for survival and defence against invading pathogens, inappropriate signaling in response to alterations in the local microflora environment can be detrimental. Such 'unhelpful TLR responses' could form the basis for a large number of gastrointestinal and liver disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases and hepatic fibrosis. As our understanding of TLRs expands, the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders will be further elucidated, and this offers potential for specific therapies aimed directly at TLR signaling.
Fast Synthesis of High-Performance Graphene Films by Hydrogen-Free Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (2013)

The practical use of graphene in consumer electronics has not been demonstrated since the size, uniformity, and reliability problems are yet to be solved to satisfy industrial standards. Here we report mass-produced graphene films synthesized by hydrogen-free rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RT-CVD), roll-to-roll etching, and transfer methods, which enabled faster and larger production of homogeneous graphene films over 400 × 300 mm(2) area with a sheet resistance of 249 ± 17 Ω/sq without additional doping. The properties of RT-CVD graphene have been carefully characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, chemical grain boundary analysis, and various electrical device measurements, showing excellent uniformity and stability. In particular, we found no significant correlation between graphene domain sizes and electrical conductivity, unlike previous theoretical expectations for nanoscale graphene domains. Finally, the actual application of the RT-CVD films to capacitive multitouch devices installed in the most sophisticated mobile phone was demonstrated.
Extensional Behavior of Common Geomembrane Materials (1994)

Extensional behavior, broadly interpreted, is of major impor tance in the selection of geomembrane materials for certain applications. Ex tensional behavior is also not a single attribute, but a collection, requiring a suite of tests to assess the performance of each material. Results of such assess ments are presented for four types of geomembrane materials, and are used to develop a few fundamental and practical conclusions.
Fairness Beyond Disparate Treatment & Disparate Impact: Learning Classification without Disparate Mistreatment (2016)

Automated data-driven decision making systems are increasingly being used to assist, or even replace humans in many settings. These systems function by learning from historical decisions, often taken by humans. In order to maximize the utility of these systems (or, classifiers), their training involves minimizing the errors (or, misclassifications) over the given historical data. However, it is quite possible that the optimally trained classifier makes decisions for people belonging to different social groups with different misclassification rates (e.g., misclassification rates for females are higher than for males), thereby placing these groups at an unfair disadvantage. To account for and avoid such unfairness, in this paper, we introduce a new notion of unfairness, disparate mistreatment, which is defined in terms of misclassification rates. We then propose intuitive measures of disparate mistreatment for decision boundary-based classifiers, which can be easily incorporated into their formulation as convex-concave constraints. Experiments on synthetic as well as real world datasets show that our methodology is effective at avoiding disparate mistreatment, often at a small cost in terms of accuracy.
Sono‐enterocolonography by oral water administration (1989)

A new ultrasound technique for intestinal examination, named "sono-enterocolonography by oral water administration," was devised. The diagnostic usefulness and limitations of this procedure were studied in 56 subjects including 42 normal patients, 10 patients with 13 colonic polyps and 4 patients with colon carcinomas. Except for the rectum, almost all the intestines were clearly visualized by ultra-sonography as tubular structures filled with water. In every case, ileocecal valve movement was clearly observed dynamically. Eight of the 9 elevated polypoid lesions of the bowel, ranging in size from 10 mm to 20 mm, were detected by this method without any special pretreatment. Although this method may not be indicated for the screening of minute lesions, it may possibly be useful as a supportive diagnostic modality for intestinal disorders, especially in the ileocecal region.
[Pharmacotherapy with benzodiazepines: basic principles and new developments]. (1998)

Pharmacotherapy of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders is based on amplification of the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the CNS. Of particular importance is the modulation of GABAA receptors by benzodiazepines. Their effects are activity-dependent and self limiting. With the development of new ligands for the benzodiazepine receptorsite selective activity-profiles with minimal side-effects are sought. Progress is to be expected from partial agonists and in particular from ligands with selectivity for receptor subtypes.
Generation of random bits with accurate and reproducible statistical properties (1978)

The generation of "accurate" random bits is the key problem of the techniques which use random numbers. First the author establishes the accuracy requirements of a random bit generator for serial and parallel number generation. Then known methods are shown to be unsatisfactory for accurate applications. An accurate bit generator is proposed which provides a binary variable with equiprobable values within a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> accuracy range.
Synthesis of 1,1-Diaryl-2,2-dimethoxyethanes (1988)

The 1,4-additon of Grignard reagents to ß-nitrostyrene to give 1,1-diaryl-2-nitroethanes and their subsequent conversion via a modified Nef reaction into 1,1-diaryl-2,2-dimethoxyethanes (diarylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetals) is described. The scope of the reaction has been briefly explored and one example demonstrated on a large scale.
Common-axis rotationally symmetric anamorphic mirror combinations: application to synchrotron-radiation beam lines (1981)

Mirror systems generated by rotating sequentially focusing conic-section line segments about a common axis defined by the end foci are shown to image point sources exactly onto point objects while providing anamorphic images. These characteristics are particularly useful for grazing-incidence optical systems, such as beam lines for synchrotron-radiation sources. Simple rules determine the minimum number of mirrors required and allow the mirror surfaces to be specified mathematically. Gratings based on these concepts are also discussed.
Antoni Ros Marbá, la seducción de Bruckner (1989)

Antoni Ros Marba, catalan, cincuenta y dos anos, musico. En Espana ha sido director de la O.S. De la Radiotelevision Espanola y de la Orquesta Nacional de Espana. Fuera es el titular desde hace anos de la Orquesta de Camara Holandesa. Ha dirigido a algunas de las principales orquestas del mundo. Es un hombre timido y afable. Un director de orquesta cuya principal caracteristica es una musicalidad fuera de serie, hace poco en Madrid se ha enfrentado con una de las pruebas mas interesantes que puede afrontar un director de orquesta: dirigir la Octava Sinfonia de Bruckner. De eso, de su amado Mozart, de sus proyectos futuros ha hablado con Scherzo.
Synthesis of a Novel Tricyclic Peptidomimetic Scaffold (2008)

An efficient method to synthesize a novel rigid tricyclic peptidomimetic scaffold through ring-closure of amino-functionalized bicyclic 2-pyridones has been discovered. The scaffold can function as a peptide backbone mimetic (highlighted) with two substituents independently variable to fine-tune biological response. Halogenation of the pyrazolo ring followed by Suzuki couplings made it possible to introduce substituents with variable electronic properties late in the synthetic route, which is preferable in library synthesis.
Maternal methadone dosing schedule and fetal neurobehaviour (2008)

Split-dosed fetuses displayed less neurobehavioural suppression from trough to peak maternal methadone levels as compared with single-dosed fetuses. Split-dosing may be beneficial for methadone-maintained pregnant women.
Lymph drainage studied by lymphoscintigraphy in the arms after sentinel node biopsy compared with axillary lymph node dissection following conservative breast cancer surgery (2007)

Our study shows that lymph drainage in the operated arm compared with the non-operated arm was less affected by SNB than by ALND, and that morbidity associated with SNB was lower than with ALND. However, the results do not confirm our hypothesis that lymphoscintigraphy can reveal differences in lymph circulation that are not evident clinically in the form of manifest lymphedema. The most sensitive clinical method of assessing lymph drainage seems to be measurement of arm volume.
Use of corticocancellous allogeneic bone blocks for augmentation of alveolar bone defects. (2010)

These results demonstrate that the use of allogeneic corticocancellous iliac block bone grafts in conjunction with guided bone regeneration principles is a viable alternative to autogenous grafts in selected patients with alveolar ridge deficiencies.
Investigation into the Reactivity of Unsupported and Supported Ag<sub>7</sub>and Ag<sub>8</sub>Clusters with Toxic Metal Ions (2011)

We report the chemical interactions of unsupported and alumina-supported Ag(7) and Ag(8) clusters protected with MSA (mercaptosuccinic acid) with heavy metal ions Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in water at different concentrations. The investigation was carried out to determine the feasibility of this interesting new class of materials called quantum clusters for water purification. These systems were studied using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy and in detail by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed that the metal ions interact with both the silver atoms of the clusters and the functional groups of the capping agent (MSA). The mercuric ions were reduced to metallic mercury by both supported and unsupported clusters, due to the feasibility of the redox reaction, whereas no reduction was observed for Cd(II) and Pb(II). As a result of the interaction, the luminescence of the cluster is lost which can be used to sense Hg(II). At lower concentrations, the metal ions were chemically bonded to the carboxylate groups of MSA. Absence of reduction of Hg(II) at lower concentration is due to the chemical affinity of the ligands and the lower silver content per cluster compared to the number of carboxylate groups.