gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corona discharge oxidation of sulfur dioxide (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorona discharge oxidation of sulfur dioxideMichael J. Matteson, Hugh L. Stringer, and Walter L. BusbeeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6, 10, 895–901Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60069a004https://doi.org/10.1021/es60069a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A framework for sensor planning and control with applications to vision guided multi-robot systems (2005)

The paper presents an approach to the problem of controlling the configuration of a team of mobile agents equipped with cameras so as to optimize the quality of the estimates derived from their measurements. The issue of optimizing the robots' configuration is particularly important in the context of teams equipped with vision sensors since most estimation schemes of interest will involve some form of triangulation. We provide a theoretical framework for tackling the sensor planning problem and a practical computational strategy, inspired by work on particle filtering, for implementing the approach. The ideas have been demonstrated both in simulation and on actual robotic platforms. The results indicate that the framework is able to solve fairly difficult sensor planning problems online without requiring excessive amounts of computational resources.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia or Not? Contemporary Diagnosis (2001)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia in patients who have been on mechanical ventilation for > or =48 hours. VAP is most accurately diagnosed by quantitative culture and microscopy examination of lower respiratory tract secretions, which are best obtained by bronchoscopically directed techniques such as the protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage. These techniques have acceptable repeatability, and interpretation of results is unaffected by antibiotics administered concurrently for infection at extrapulmonary sites as long as antimicrobial therapy has not been changed for <72 hours before bronchoscopy.
MiniBit: bit-width optimization via affine arithmetic (2005)

MiniBit, our automated approach for optimizing bit-widths of fixed-point designs is based on static analysis via affine arithmetic. We describe methods to minimize both the integer and fraction parts of fixed-point signals with the aim of minimizing circuit area. Our range analysis technique identifies the number of integer bits required. For precision analysis, we employ a semi-analytical approach with analytical error models in conjunction with adaptive simulated annealing to find the optimum number of fraction bits. Improvements for a given design reduce area and latency by up to 20% and 12% respectively, over optimum uniform fraction bit-widths on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA.
Broad Cross-Protection against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by Means of Monoclonal Antibodies that Map to Conserved Viral Epitopes (2008)

Generation of broadly cross-protective MAbs against H5N1 influenza virus may be optimized by selecting MAbs that target conserved sites in hemagglutinin. H5 MAbs such as 13D4 may prove to have therapeutic value in controlling infection due to current and future H5N1 variants.
Measurement of pancreatic lipase activity in serum by a kinetic colorimetric assay using a new chromogenic substrate (2001)

We evaluate a new assay reagent for lipase determination, based on the use of 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) as substrate. DGGR is cleaved by lipase, resulting in an unstable dicarbonic acid ester which is spontaneously hydrolysed to yield glutaric acid and methylresorufin, a bluish-purple chromophore with peak absorption at 580 nm. The rate of methylresorufin formation is directly proportional to the lipase activity in the sample. Bile salts, colipase and calcium chloride are included to provide optimal reactivity and specificity. Analysis of total imprecision gave a coefficient of variation of between 5.7% and 9.6%. Anticoagulants, common interfering substances and carboxylesterase had no effect on the assay, but interference by increased concentrations of serum triglycerides was noted. Good correlations were obtained with turbidimetry and a coupled enzymatic method. The estimated reference interval was 6-38 U/L. The unique characteristics of the chromogenic substrate qualify the present method as an innovative approach to serum lipase analysis.
Identification of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides of cat and sheep erythrocytes. 252Cf fission fragment ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycosphingolipids. (1988)

A number of gangliosides were isolated from cat and sheep erythrocytes for use in analyzing the specificity of a panel of human anti-heterophile monoclonal antibodies. The structures of these compounds were determined by a combination of different procedures, including sugar analysis, glycosidase treatment, periodate oxidation, TLC immunostaining, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry. These methods identified the cat erythrocytes gangliosides (C1 and C2) as N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-containing hematosides; C1 was shown to be NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta I----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2GD3) and C2 to be NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)GD3). The two sheep gangliosides (S1 and S2) were found to be novel glycolipids based on the paragloboside sequence; S1 was identified as NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2-disialylparagloboside) and S2 as NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)-disialylparagloboside). Structural analysis of these compounds was aided by the use of 252Cf fission fragment ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This method provided easily interpretable spectra on methylated derivatives which were particularly useful in determining the sialic acid composition of the gangliosides and the sequence of their disialosyl side chains.
Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. (1984)

We isolated a cDNA clone encoding a bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation (P-450C21). Serum from rabbits immunized with purified P-450C21 precipitated a single protein from the products of an in vitro translation reaction using bovine adrenal mRNA. This protein migrated with P-450C21 on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After sucrose gradient sedimentation, mRNA encoding P-450C21 was found in the 19S fraction. This fraction was reverse transcribed into double-stranded cDNA and inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322 by the dC X dG tailing procedure. Escherichia coli cells transformed with recombinant plasmids were screened with an in situ immunoassay using anti-P-450C21 serum and 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A. Two colonies consistently bound anti-P-450C21 serum. They were identified as carrying the same plasmid by restriction mapping. This plasmid, pC21a, contains an insert of 520 base pairs. It hybridizes with mRNA encoding P-450C21. The peptide encoded by the insert in pC21a is highly homologous to two peptides isolated from porcine P-450C21 and shows limited homology to the P-450 induced by phenobarbital in rat liver. This clone may be useful in studying the molecular genetics of human congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Characterization of Hydrochars Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignin, Cellulose, <scp>d</scp>-Xylose, and Wood Meal (2012)

Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, lignin, d-xylose (substitute for hemicellulose), and wood meal (WM) was experimentally conducted between 225 and 265 °C, and the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars were investigated. The hydrochar yield is between 45 and 60%, and the yield trend of the feedstock is lignin > WM > cellulose > d-xylose. The hydrochars seem stable below 300 °C, and aromatic structure is formed in all of these hydrochars. The C content, C recovery, energy recovery, ratio of C/O, and ratio of C/H in all of these hydrochars are among 63–75%, 80–87%, 78–89%, 2.3–4.1, and 12–15, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochars is among 24–30 MJ/kg, with an increase of 45–91% compared with the corresponding feedstock. The carbonization mechanism is proposed, and furfural is found to be an important intermediate product during d-xylose hydrochar production, while lignin hydrothermal carbonization products are made of polyaromatic hydrochar and phenolic hydrochar. The formation of microspheres on the surface of cellulose and WM hydrochars is discussed, and transformation of the hemicellulose should be the reaction for WM microsphere production.
Inhibitors Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase: A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis (1998)

Hansch and Free-Wilson analyses are described on a data set, 4-anilinoquinazolines [the analogues of 4-(3-bromo-anilino)-6,7-dimethoxy quinazoline: PD 153035], as inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase. These analyses have helped to ascertain the role of different substituents in explaining the observed inhibitory activities. From both approaches, it is concluded that the combined electron-donating nature of R1- and R2-substitutions of the quinazoline ring and the electron-withdrawing nature of the X-substitution of the anilino-ring are beneficial for increasing the inhibition activity of a compound. Further, the symmetrical alkoxy substituents present at the R1- and R2-positions are also engaged in a steric interaction which was determined quantitatively through the parabolic relationship between the activity and combined molar refraction parameter, sigma MR of the substituents.
Head acceleration is less than 10 percent of helmet acceleration in football impacts. (2006)

Sports-related concussions constitute 20 percent of brain injuries each year in the United States. Concussion research has included a variety of instrumentation and techniques to measure head accelerations. Most recently, the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System (Simbex, Lebanon, NH), a wireless system that provides real-time data from impacts, is used to measure in-situ head accelerations in collegiate football. The purpose of this study is to compare helmet shell acceleration to head center of gravity acceleration using two measures of linear head acceleration. A study of 50 helmet to helmet impact tests using a pendulum provided a range of head accelerations from 5 g to 50 g. The primary measure of head acceleration is accelerometers mounted at the center of gravity of the Hybrid III head. A secondary measure is the in-helmet HIT System. The series of 50 pendulum impacts included three impact velocities of 2.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s and 5.0 m/s at four different impact locations. The impact locations were on the side, back, top and just above the facemask on the front. By comparing these two measured head accelerations and the helmet acceleration during a pendulum impact, it is shown that the response of the head and the helmet vary greatly and the in-helmet system matches the head and not helmet acceleration. Specifically, head acceleration is less than 10 percent of helmet acceleration in football impacts; moreover, the HIT System is able to accurately measure the head acceleration.
Peptide vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Immunotherapy is a potentially attractive treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have reported that glypican-3 (GPC3) is an ideal target for anticancer immunotherapy against HCC because its expression is specifically detected in > 80% of HCCs, even during the early stages. Further, increased GPC3 expression is correlated with a poor prognosis. Based on results obtained from a preclinical study using mice, we conducted a phase I clinical trial using a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine. Phase I results showed that the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine was well tolerated. Furthermore, this was the first study to show that the frequency of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was correlated with overall survival in patients with HCC receiving a peptide vaccine. Next, we conducted a phase II clinical trial using the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine in patients with HCC after surgery or radiofrequency ablation (adjuvant setting). We are currently evaluating a third trial involving liver biopsies removed from patients with advanced HCC before and after GPC3-derived peptide vaccination. We expect that the results of these trials will result in future drug development.
Associative recall based on abstract object descriptions learned from observation: the CBM neural net model (2003)

The associative recall problem is treated by means of a novel neural net model. The classifier-based model (CBM) uses internal representations of objects automatically developed from observation. A feedback loop consisting of a Coulomb network is introduced into a classifier network. The classifier learns descriptions of various object types from observation of typical instances. The internal representations of the classifier are used by the Coulomb network to transform an incomplete or noisy input dynamically. Since the recall is based on abstract object descriptions, the output is not limited to an a priori specified collection of memories (objects). Results obtained for a simulation of the model show that it will retrieve a memory which satisfies the classification requirement and is compatible with the cue. The model can store any number of memories without degrading the quality of the memory retrieved. Either a schema or a distinct memory can be retrieved. The classifier prunes irrelevant objects from the object space, promoting faster convergence to an appropriate memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Melanocyte stem cells: a melanocyte reservoir in hair follicles for hair and skin pigmentation (2011)

Most mammals are coated with pigmented hair. Melanocytes in each hair follicle produce melanin pigments for the hair during each hair cycle. The key to understanding the mechanism of cyclic melanin production is the melanocyte stem cell (MelSC) population, previously known as 'amelanotic melanocytes'. The MelSCs directly adhere to hair follicle stem cells, the niche cells for MelSCs and reside in the hair follicle bulge-subbulge area, the lower permanent portion of the hair follicle, to serve as a melanocyte reservoir for skin and hair pigmentation. MelSCs form a stem cell system within individual hair follicles and provide a 'hair pigmentary unit' for each cycle of hair pigmentation. This review focuses on the identification of MelSCs and their characteristics and explains the importance of the MelSC population in the mechanisms of hair pigmentation, hair greying, and skin repigmentation.
Subsurface ice and brine sampling using an ultrasonic/sonic gopher for life detection and characterization in the McMurdo dry valleys (2004)

There is growing evidence for ice and fluids near the surface of Mars with potential discharge of brines, which may preserve a record of past life on the planet. Proven techniques to sample Mars subsurface will be critical for future NASA astrobiology missions that will search for such records. The required technology studies are underway in the McMurdo Dry valleys, Antarctica, which is serving as a Mars analog. The ice layer on Lake Vida in the dry valleys is estimated to be 20-meter thick where below 16-m depth there is a mix of ice and brine, which has never been sampled directly due to logistical constraints. A novel light weight, low power ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer (USDC) mechanism was developed that overcomes the need for high axial loads required by drilling via conventional techniques. The USDC was modified to produce an Ultrasonic/Sonic Gopher that is being developed to core down to the 20-m depth for in situ analysis and sample collection. Coring ice at -20°C as in Lake Vida suggests that it is a greater challenge and current efforts are focused on the problems of ice core cutting, ice chip handling and potential ice melt (and refreezing) during drilling. An analytical model and a prototype are being developed with an effort to optimize the design while addressing the thermal issues, drilling rate, power, mass and the electromechanical behavior.
Long-Term Corrosion and Deuterium Uptake in CANDU-PHW Pressure Tubes (1987)

Recent examinations of cold-worked Zircaloy-2 and cold-worked Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes from CANDU-PHW reactors have extended the corrosion and deuteriding data for these materials up to 5600 effective full power days (efpd), the longest published exposure for these materials in reactor. The examinations have demonstrated that short-term tests to investigate irradiation and water chemistry effects must be supplemented by extended exposures in order to better understand the long-term corrosion and deuteriding behavior of zirconium alloy components with thick oxide films. In-reactor corrosion and deuteriding of Zircaloy-2 was found to accelerate with time once the oxides exceeded a critical thickness of 15 to 20 µm. Radiolysis within these thick porous oxides, leading to a highly localized water chemistry near the metal-oxide interface, independent of the bulk water chemistry, is suggested as the probable explanation for the acceleration in kinetics. In conformance with this hypothesis, Zircaloy-2 pressure tubes developed large maxima in oxide thickness and deuterium concentration towards the outlet end where the combined effect of neutron flux and temperature was most severe. Corrosion of Zr-2.5Nb tubes with a similar operating history was about one third that for Zircaloy-2, with no evidence of accelerating kinetics under normal operating conditions. Deuterium uptake was remarkably low, being 2 to 4% of that measured for Zircaloy-2. After 3500 efpd irradiation, the average deuteriding rate in Zr-2.5Nb tubes was only 1.5 mg/kg per year. The observations are discussed in terms of the current understanding of corrosion and deuteriding processes.
VLS Growth of Highly Oriented SnO<sub>2</sub>Nanorods and ZnO Hybrid Films for Gas Sensing Measurements (2014)

Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanorods have been successfully grown on a p-type Si substrate by a low-temperature vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. Tin chloride and zinc chloride powders were used as starting materials. Surface morphologies and structural properties of the SnO2 nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images shows distinct hierarchical growth of SnO2 as well as the mixture with ZnO microstructures. The structural studies demonstrated rutile crystal structure SnO2 nanorods with square-shaped facets of 40–60 nm in cross section size and 2 μm in length approximately and ZnO microrods of 10 μm diameter and 50 μm length. The fabrication of a gas sensor for acetone and ethanol vapors is also reported and its properties are discussed.
Recycling of E-Cadherin (1999)

E-Cadherin plays critical roles in many aspects of cell adhesion, epithelial development, and the establishment and maintenance of epithelial polarity. The fate of E-cadherin once it is delivered to the basolateral cell surface, and the mechanisms which govern its participation in adherens junctions, are not well understood. Using surface biotinylation and recycling assays, we observed that some of the cell surface E-cadherin is actively internalized and is then recycled back to the plasma membrane. The pool of E-cadherin undergoing endocytosis and recycling was markedly increased in cells without stable cell-cell contacts, i.e., in preconfluent cells and after cell contacts were disrupted by depletion of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that endocytic trafficking of E-cadherin is regulated by cell-cell contact. The reformation of cell junctions after replacement of Ca2+ was then found to be inhibited when recycling of endocytosed E-cadherin was disrupted by bafilomycin treatment. The endocytosis and recycling of E-cadherin and of the transferrin receptor were similarly inhibited by potassium depletion and by bafilomycin treatment, and both proteins were accumulated in intracellular compartments by an 18 degrees C temperature block, suggesting that endocytosis may occur via a clathrin-mediated pathway. We conclude that a pool of surface E-cadherin is constantly trafficked through an endocytic, recycling pathway and that this may provide a mechanism for regulating the availability of E-cadherin for junction formation in development, tissue remodeling, and tumorigenesis.
Evidence for utility of the same PCR‐based markers for selection of extreme resistance to<i> Potato virus Y </i>controlled by<i> Ry<sub>sto</sub></i> of<i> Solanum stoloniferum</i> derived from different sources (2007)

Abstract The tuber‐bearing wild potato species, Solanum stoloniferum , carries a dominant gene, Ry sto , which confers extreme resistance (ER) to Potato virus Y (PVY). This gene was introgressed to cultivated potato germplasm ( Solanum tuberosum ) using accessions of S. stoloniferum maintained in European gene banks. It is mainly used in potato breeding programmes in Europe. Ry sto was recently mapped to potato chromosome XII. However, in this study, a different accession of S. stoloniferum (PI275244; Haw1293) was used as a female parent in a cross to obtain a diploid (2 n = 2 x = 24) potato population of 112 F1 genotypes. From this accession, ER to PVY has been introgressed to the potato breeding programmes at the International Potato Center (Peru). As expected, ER to PVY was inherited in a dominant, monogenic fashion in the F1 population. Marker‐specific choices of DNA polymerase and adjustments of PCR conditions were made to optimise marker detection. The corresponding gene ( Ry sto ) was mapped to the chromosome XII using the previously described and new cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, which are based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism loci GP122 (six markers) and GP269 (one marker), and the simple sequence repeat marker STM0003. Four GP122‐based CAPS markers and STM0003 detected the same genotypes expressing ER to PVY. Because of a few recombinants, that is ER genotypes lacking the markers and the genotypes that react with necrosis but contain the markers, the marker distance from Ry sto was estimated as 15.2 cM in this F1 population. However, the distance may be less if necrosis was considered an altered response also controlled by Ry sto . The markers also specifically detected independent European potato cultivars that express ER to PVY derived from S. stoloniferum . Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences amplified from the GP122 locus of S. stoloniferum and potato cultivars further confirmed that the Ry sto gene from independent accessions of S. stoloniferum can be selected using the same markers and the protocols described in this study.