gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitous Release of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 and Histone Deacetylase 1 from the Methylated Human Multidrug Resistance Gene (<i>MDR1</i>) on Activation (2002)

Overexpression of the human multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) is a negative prognostic factor in leukemia. Despite intense efforts to characterize the gene at the molecular level, little is known about the genetic events that switch on gene expression in P-glycoprotein-negative cells. Recent studies have shown that the transcriptional competence of MDR1 is often closely associated with DNA methylation. Chromatin remodeling and modification targeted by the recognition of methylated DNA provide a dominant mechanism for transcriptional repression. Consistent with this epigenetic model, interference with DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase activity alone or in combination can reactivate silent genes. In the present study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to monitor the molecular events involved in the activation and repression of MDR1. Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (5-azacytidine [5aC]) and histone deacetylase (trichostatin A [TSA]) were used to examine gene transcription, promoter methylation status, and the chromatin determinants associated with the MDR1 promoter. We have established that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is involved in methylation-dependent silencing of human MDR1 in cells that lack the known transcriptional repressors MBD2 and MBD3. In the repressed state the MDR1 promoter is methylated and assembled into chromatin enriched with MeCP2 and deacetylated histone. TSA induced significant acetylation of histones H3 and H4 but did not activate transcription. 5aC induced DNA demethylation, leading to the release of MeCP2, promoter acetylation, and partial relief of repression. MDR1 expression was significantly increased following combined 5aC and TSA treatments. Inhibition of histone deacetylase is not an overriding mechanism in the reactivation of methylated MDR1. Our results provide us with a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanism necessary for repression of MDR1.
Detection and Titration of Human Herpesvirus-8–Specific Antibodies in Sera From Blood Donors, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients, and Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients Using a Whole Virus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1998)

A human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a whole virus lysate as antigen was developed and used to measure the seroprevalence rate and levels of IgG antibodies to HHV-8 in sera/plasma of various patient groups and blood donors. The virus antigen was prepared from the KS-1 cell line, which produces lytic virus, and therefore contains a broad array of viral proteins. Seroprevalence studies using this ELISA showed the following: 10 of 91 blood donors (11%) had an average HHV-8 antibody titer of 118; 67 of 72 (93%) classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) patients were positive with an average titer of 14,111; and 57 of 62 (92%) KS/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients were positive with an average titer of 4,000. A study on a very limited number of serial serum samples from patients before and after diagnosis with KS showed highly elevated antibody titers to HHV-8 virus after KS lesions developed. Preliminary data show that 50% of the sera from HIV-1(+) homosexual patients contain IgG antibodies to HHV-8 suggesting that this population is at high risk for developing KS. Antibody results correlated well with the confirmatory immunofluorescent assays (IFA) using KS-1 cells as the substrate. This HHV-8 IgG antibody detection ELISA is sensitive and specific and does not cross-react with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or other human herpesviruses. The results of this HHV-8 antibody survey suggest that this rapid ELISA assay can be used to screen large numbers of sera to find those at risk for developing KS.
An agent based business aware incident detection system for cloud environments (2012)

Classic intrusion detection mechanisms are not flexible enough to cope with cloud specific characteristics such as frequent infrastructure changes. This makes them unable to address new cloud specific security issues. In this paper we introduce the cloud incident detection system Security Audit as a Service (SAaaS). It is built upon intelligent autonomous agents, which are aware of underlying business driven intercommunication of cloud services. This enables the presented SAaaS architecture to be flexible and to supported cross customer event monitoring within a cloud infrastructure. A contribution of this paper it to provide a high-level design of the SAaaS architecture, an introduction into the proposed Security Business Flow Language (SBFL), a first prototype of an autonomous agent and an evaluation about, which cloud specific security problems are addressed by the presented architecture. It is shown that autonomous agents and behaviour analysis are fertile approaches to detect cloud specific security problems and can create a cloud audit system.
A convenient route to a norbornadiene adduct of iridium with chelating phosphines, [Ir(R2PCH2CH2PR2)(NBD)][<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>BAr</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>] and a comparison of reactivity with H2 in solution and the solid–state (2015)

The straightforward synthesis of two cationic iridium norbornadiene species bearing simple bidentate phosphines is reported [Ir(R2PCH2CH2PR2)(NBD)][BAr4F] [NBD = norbornadiene; R = tBu, Cy; ArF = 3,5–C6H3(CF3)2]. The hydrogenation of [Ir(tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2)(NBD)][BAr4F] in the solution phase and in the solid state is described in which saturated (solution) or unsaturated (solid–state) dimeric species with bridging hydrides are formed. The solid–state structures, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, of these dimeric species are also discussed.
On state of the art in virtual machine security (2012)

Data centers and computing service providers are striving to improve the utilization of their computing resources. This is primarily due to the need of resources to be more economical and power efficient. Virtualization is one of the concepts that provide flexibility to host multiple operating system stacks on a single hardware. By effectively partitioning the computing resources, it reduces the total number of physical servers and consolidates several services on a single physical rack. Each virtual machine behaves like an independent machine (may be duplicate of the original one) while the scheduling of hardware resources among different virtual machines is performed with the help of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). Proliferation of virtual machines in the enterprise architecture creates need for identification of potential security risks as well as appropriate solutions for the identified risks to ensure the integrity of the underlying applications hosted at the virtual machines. This paper describes available virtualization technologies, corresponding security vulnerabilities, and available solutions.
Optical Characterization of Molecular Contaminant Films (2007)

A semi-empirical method of optical characterization of thin contaminant films on surfaces of optical components has been conceived. The method was originally intended for application to films that become photochemically deposited on such optical components as science windows, lenses, prisms, thinfilm radiators, and glass solar-cell covers aboard spacecraft and satellites in orbit. The method should also be applicable, with suitable modifications, to thin optical films (whether deposited deliberately or formed as contaminants) on optical components used on Earth in the computer microchip laser communications and thin-film industries. The method is expected to satisfy the need for a means of understanding and predicting the reductions in spectral transmittance caused by contaminant films and the consequent deterioration of performances of sensitive optical systems. After further development, this method could become part of the basis of a method of designing optical systems to minimize or compensate for the deleterious effects of contaminant films. In the original outer-space application, these deleterious effects are especially pronounced because after photochemical deposition, the films become darkened by further exposure to solar vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation. In this method, thin contaminant films are theoretically modeled as thin optical films, characterized by known or assumed values of thickness, index of refraction, and absorption coefficient, that form on the outer surfaces of the original antireflection coating on affected optical components. The assumed values are adjusted as needed to make actual spectral transmittance values approximate observed ones as closely as possible and to correlate these values with amounts of VUV radiation to which the optical components have been exposed. In an initial study, the method was applied in correlating measured changes in transmittance of high-purity fused silica photochemically coated with silicone films of various measured thicknesses and exposed to various measured amounts of VUV radiation. In each case, it was found to be possible to select an index of refraction and absorption coefficient that made the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared transmittance changes predicted by the model match the corresponding measured transmittance changes almost exactly.
Histamine release from human leukocytes: studies with deuterium oxide, colchicine, and cytochalasin B (1972)

Agents known to interact with either microtubules or microfilaments influenced the antigen-induced release of histamine from the leukocytes of allergic individuals. Deuterium oxide (D(2)O) which stabilizes microtubules and thereby favors their formation enhanced histamine release markedly. Concentrations as low as 5% increased antigen-induced release somewhat while concentrations as high as 75% had no effect on release in the absence of antigen. Enhancement occurred over a wide range of antigen concentrations and was also seen when release was initiated by antibody to IgE or IgG. When the release process was divided into two stages a D(2)O activity could be demonstrated only in the second stage. However, when D(2)O was present in the first stage together with agents which raise cyclic AMP levels and thereby inhibit release it partially reversed this inhibition. Colchicine, demecolcine, and vinblastine, compounds known to disaggregate microtubules, i.e., have an effect opposite to that of D(2)O, inhibited the release of histamine and counteracted the effects of D(2)O. The inhibitory action of colchicine was greater if cells were treated with colchicine before rather than after activation with antigen. Cytochalasin B, a compound which causes the disappearance of microfilaments, had variable effects on histamine release. The most frequently seen response was slight enhancement. Neither D(2)O nor cytochalasin B altered cyclic AMP levels in leukocytes. These observations support and strengthen the view that an intact and functioning microtubule system is directly important for the secretion of histamine from leukocytes and suggest that microfilaments might have multiple indirect effects.
Prolonged Pretreatment with α-Lipoic Acid Protects Cultured Neurons against Hypoxic, Glutamate-, or Iron-Induced Injury (1995)

The antioxidant dihydrolipoic acid has been shown to reduce hypoxic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in vitro. In the present study, we tested whether pretreatment with alpha-lipoic acid, which presumably allows endogenous formation of dihydrolipoic acid, can protect cultured neurons against injury caused by cyanide, glutamate, or iron ions, using the trypan blue exclusion method to determine neuronal damage. One hour of preincubation with dihydrolipoic acid (1 microM), but not with alpha-lipoic acid, reduced damage of neurons from chick embryo telencephalon caused by 1 mM sodium cyanide or iron ions. alpha-Lipoic acid (1 microM) reduced cyanide-induced neuronal damage when added 24 h before hypoxia, and pretreatment with alpha-lipoic acid for > 24 h enhanced this neuroprotective effect. Both the R- and the S-enantiomer of alpha-lipoic acid exerted a similar neuroprotective effect. Pretreatment with alpha-lipoic acid (1 microM) from the day of plating onward prevented the degeneration of chick embryo telencephalic neurons that had been exposed to Fe2+/Fe3+. alpha-Lipoic acid (1 microM) added to the culture medium the day of plating also reduced neuronal injury induced by 1 mM L-glutamate in rat hippocampal cultures, whereas 30 min of preincubation with alpha-lipoic acid failed to attenuate glutamate-induced neuronal damage. Our results indicate that neuroprotection by prolonged pretreatment with alpha-lipoic acid is probably due to the radical scavenger properties of endogenously formed dihydrolipoic acid.
Transfer Function Estimation of Digital Subscriber Lines with Single Ended Line Testing (2007)

In order to identify if a subscriber loop is suitable for a certain Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) service, the transfer function of the loop has to be estimated. Several measurement techniques exist, however Single-Ended Line Testing (SELL) is often preferred by the telecom operators because all necessary measurements can be done at the central office. The drawback is that the transfer function cannot be measured directly, but can only be calculated through the estimation of the loop make-up. In contrast to the classical approach where the SELT data is interpreted in the time domain, this paper presents a new approach by doing the identification in the frequency domain. After explaining the drawbacks of the time domain approach, the paper explains how these are avoided by using a frequency domain identification algorithm. Measurement results show the new algorithm leads to a good estimation of the loop make-up and thus of the transfer function.
Effects of insulin infusion on human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glycogen synthase. Evidence for their role in oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism. (1987)

To determine whether activation by insulin of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), or pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in skeletal muscle regulates intracellular glucose metabolism, subjects were studied basally and during euglycemic insulin infusions of 12, 30, and 240 mU/m2 X min. Glucose disposal, oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism were determined. GS, PFK, and PDH were assayed in skeletal muscle under each condition. Glucose disposal rates were 2.37 +/- 0.11, 3.15 +/- 0.19, 6.71 +/- 0.44, and 11.7 +/- 1.73 mg/kg X min; glucose oxidation rates were 1.96 +/- 0.18, 2.81 +/- 0.28, 4.43 +/- 0.32, and 5.22 +/- 0.52. Nonoxidative glucose metabolism was 0.39 +/- 0.13, 0.34 +/- 0.26, 2.28 +/- 0.40, and 6.52 +/- 1.21 mg/kg X min. Both the proportion of active GS and the proportion of active PDH were increased by hyperinsulinemia. PFK activity was unaffected. Activation of GS was correlated with nonoxidative glucose metabolism, while activation of PDH was correlated with glucose oxidation. Sensitivity to insulin of GS was similar to that of nonoxidative glucose metabolism, while the sensitivity to insulin of PDH was similar to that of glucose oxidation. Therefore, the activation of these enzymes in muscle may regulate nonoxidative and oxidative glucose metabolism.
Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities of the Yeonkyo-san and Its ingredients (2005)

Objectives : The antioxidant activities of Yeonkyo-san and its ingredient were investigated for industrial application. Methods : We experimented radical scavenging effect, superoxide dismutase and cytotoxicity effect of various cancer cell. Results : The result were obtained as follows : Primary testing of cytotoxicity of Yeonkyo-san and ingredient was done for G361. B16F10, MDA and A549 cell lines. Yeonkyo-san and ingredient water extract, ethanol extract showed cytotoxicity of over 90% respectively against cell line. The electron donating ability(EDA) of water extract from the Yeonkyo-san was higher than 60%, ethanol extract from the Yeonkyo-san was over 80% at 1000 ppm. The electron donating ability(EDA) of water extract and ethanol extract from the Yeonkyo-san ingredients were increased as well. SOD-like activity was high as 75% in 700 ppm, it was increased. All the other samples showed less than 40% SOD-like activity. Conclusions : The results indicated that water extract and ethanol extract of Yeonkyo-san and ingredient can be used as a natural ingredient with biological functions in cosmetic and food composition.
Efficacy and tolerability of minocycline augmentation therapy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2014)

Minocycline may improve the psychopathology of schizophrenia, especially the negative symptoms, and seems to be well tolerated.
Analysis of cationic and amphoteric surfactants II: Determination of their homolog distributions by reaction gas chromatography on the basis of the Hofmann degradation (1977)

Abstract and Summary Pyrolysis and reaction gas chromatography (GC) methods have been investigated for the homolog distribution analysis of cationic and amphoteric surfactants containing a quaternary ammonium group. Pyrolysis GC was found to be inapplicable to the analysis of amphoteric surfactants because of the formation of the nonvolatile compounds as the main products. However, when cationic and amphoteric surfactants dissolved in a 3% potassium hydroxide methanolic solution were injected into a gas chromatograph, Hofmann degradation occurred at the injection port of a gas chromatograph (reaction GC), and we obtained about the same products as were formed by the older DMF‐Methylate method. Under optimum conditions, various cationic and amphoteric surfactants were degraded almost quantitatively, and the reproducibility of this method was satisfactory. Furthermore, the homolog distribution of surfactants found by the reaction GC method closely agreed with that of the starting alkyldimethylamines used. Thus, reaction GC analysis was applicable to the homolog distribution analysis of these surfactants. The reaction GC method surpassed the DMF‐Methylate method with regard to the simplicity and reproducibility of the determination.
Picosecond switching induced by saturable absorption in a nonlinear directional coupler (1988)

Fluence-induced changes in absorption of a semiconductor-doped-glass directional coupler have resulted in nonlinear optical switching on a picosecond time scale. The functional dependence on the incident fluence confirms that the switching is dominated by absorption saturation.
How it actually works - Private Finance Initiative (PFI) procurement process in Malaysia: A comparative analysis of practices with the United Kingdom (2012)

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) offers an alternative to the conventional procurement of public service infrastructure. Originated form the United Kingdom (UK) from its public sector reforms, it has since been widely used in many countries such as Japan, Italy and France. The Malaysian government in the past six years has officially announced the adoption of PFI for its construction and infrastructure projects in order to promote greater involvement of the private sector in delivering public services. This paper aims at exploring the true nature of the Malaysian adoption of PFI, against the British experience; by extensive literature review of the official documents published by government bodies and government-link organisations in relation to the implementation of PFI for both countries. To support the literature findings, interview sessions were conducted with Malaysian government agencies where PFI is engaged. Empirical analysis indicates that Malaysia has a unique model of PFI, where it differs from UK in terms of its definition, financing system, and risks allocation. This paper hopes to supplement and improve knowledge in the management of PFI projects in Malaysia, primarily on the possible improvements that could be executed in strengthening PFI implementations in Malaysia by learning from the UK experience.
Mobile robot control by neural networks using self-supervised learning (1992)

A reinforcement learning algorithm based on supervised learning is described. It uses associative search to discover and learn actions that make the system perform a desired task. One problem with associative search is that the system's actions are often inconsistent. In the searching process, the system's actions are always decided stochastically, so the system cannot perform learned actions more than once, even if they have been determined to be suitable actions for the desired task. To solve this problem, a neural network that can predict an evaluation of an action and control the influence of the stochastic element is used. Results from computer simulations using the algorithms to control a mobile robot are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IL-1β is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress (2008)

Stress decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, and blockade of this effect is required for the actions of antidepressants in behavioral models of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects of stress have not been identified. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. Administration of IL-1beta or acute stress suppressed hippocampal cell proliferation. Blockade of the IL-1beta receptor, IL-1RI, by using either an inhibitor or IL-1RI null mice blocks the antineurogenic effect of stress and blocks the anhedonic behavior caused by chronic stress exposure. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that hippocampal neural progenitor cells express IL-1RI and that activation of this receptor decreases cell proliferation via the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that IL-1beta is a critical mediator of the antineurogenic and depressive-like behavior caused by acute and chronic stress.
Transcription of biliary glycoprotein I gene in malignant and non‐malignant human liver tissues (1990)

Biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I) is a member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family consisting of at least 11 related genes. The transcription of BGP I gene was analysed in malignant and non-malignant human liver tissues with a 396-bp 3'-untranslated region probe from a cDNA clone 4-13 which was newly isolated from an adult human colon cDNA library. Among 21 tissue samples from 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 samples were clearly shown to express a single 3.9-kb message. This message was also found in the hepatoma cell line HuH-7. When the malignant tissues were compared to the non-malignant ones for the intensity of the band, no significant difference was observed. mRNAs of CEA and non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) were not detected in 5 samples which were shown to have the message of the BGP I gene. These data suggest that the human hepatocyte and its malignant transformant produce BGP I, and that this could correspond to the cross-reacting antigen previously detected in the liver.
A 64-bit planar double-diffused monolithic memory chip (1969)

A 40-ns access bipolar monolithic memory of 2021 words × 144 bits capacity has been developed and incorporated in a computing system. The design and structure of a 64-bit silicon chip will be presented and some aspects of the organization and circuit design discussed.