gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin-Labeled Psoralen Probes for the Study of DNA Dynamics (1995)

Six nitroxide spin-labeled psoralen derivative have been synthesized and evaluated as probes for structural and dynamic studies. Sequence specific photoaddition of these derivatives to DNA oligonucleotides resulted in site-specifically cross-linked and spin-labeled oligomers. Comparison of the general line shape features of the observed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of several duplexes ranging in size from 8 to 46 base pairs with simulated EPR spectra indicate that the nitroxide spin-label probe reports the global tumbling motion of the oligomers. While there is no apparent large amplitude motion of the psoralen other than the overall tumbling of the DNA on the time scales investigated, there are some indications of bending and other residual motions. The (A)BC excinuclease DNA repair system detects structural or dynamic features of the DNA that distinguish between damaged and undamaged DNA and are independent of the intrinsic structure of the lesion. NMR studies have shown that psoralen-cross-linked DNA has altered backbone dynamics and conformational populations in the immediate vicinity of the adduct [Emsley et al. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 7765-7771; Spielmann et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 2345-2349]. We suggested that the signal for recognition of a lesion to be repaired is in the sugar--phosphate backbone and not in the damaged base(s).
Petra´s Kingdom: the cellar of the house on the lagoon (2002)

"In her first novel written in English, Puerto Rican writer Rosario Ferré devotes two chapters to Petra Avilés, a descendant of African slaves who plays an integral part in the life of the Elite Puerto Rican family, who live in the mansion on the Alemares Lagoon in San Juan. The house itself is a character in the sprawling multigenerational novel, in which Ferré plays out the saga of Puerto Rico through race, gender, and national identity issues. Petra functions as the matriarch and spiritual leader of the house. From the cellar, through which a mysterious spring flows and where Elleguá is worshipped, Petra functions as the spiritual heir to African traditions, and she influences the fortunes and destinies of the inhabitants of the house."
Growth and characterisation of InAs/InGaSb/InAs/AlSbinfrared laser structures (1998)

The authors have studied the molecular-beam epitaxial growth of type-II heterostructures for mid-wavelength infrared lasers. Based on their photoluminescence spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns, it is found that the quality of these heterostructures is highly sensitive to the growth temperature and the interfacial bond type.
Disulfide assignments in recombinant mouse and human interleukin 4 (1991)

The disulfide pairings of mouse and human interleukin 4 (IL-4) proteins have been determined. The purified proteins, synthesized by recombinant DNA technology, are fully active as judged by their ability to stimulate an appropriate biological response in a variety of functional assays. Peptide maps were produced by digesting the proteins with pepsin and separating the resulting fragments by reverse-phase HPLC using linear acetonitrile-TFA gradients. Cystine-containing peptides were identified by determining which reverse-phase peaks showed an altered elution pattern after reduction. These peptides were purified further and defined by composition and sequence analysis. Three sets of disulfide-linked peptides were consistently identified for each protein. For mouse IL-4, the first and fifth, second and fourth, and third and sixth cysteines are joined. The disulfide bonds in human IL-4 are between the first and sixth, second and fourth, and third and fifth cysteines. A large double-loop region within the central three-fifths of each protein is stabilized by these bonds. Sequence analysis of the peptides containing the third and fifth cysteines of human IL-4 also demonstrated that only one of the potential N-glycosylation sites is used by C127 mammary tumor cells. Complete alkylation of mouse IL-4 under mild conditions completely destroyed its biological activity in a hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation assay.
Application and cost analysis of scatterometry for integrated metrology (1999)

In semiconductor manufacturing there is a great demand for innovations towards higher cost-effectiveness. The increasing use of integrated metrology is one means to improve manufacturing processes effectively and, hence, to lower costs. Especially for the 300 mm technology, a substantial reduction of costly monitor wafers is required. Moreover, misprocessing has to be reduced by efficient feedback process control. Scatterometry can be a versatile technique for these tasks. In order to define the requirements on integrated scatterometric metrology, a cost and break-even analysis is carried out first. Several conclusions are drawn from the economic analysis to determine appropriate arrangements for scatterometric intensity measurements. The evaluation of intensity signatures measured at a fixed angle of incidence is demonstrated to be a valuable tool for the in-line characterization of critical dimensions and layer thickness.
Pulsed laser deposition of hydroxylapatite thin films on Ti‐6Al‐4V (1992)

Abstract Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit thin films of calcium hydroxylapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ), or HA, on polished substrates of Ti‐6Al‐4V. Thin films of pure, crystalline HA, uncontaminated by other calcium phosphate phases, were deposited over a range of temperatures between 400 and 800°C. The HA films were polycrystalline with a preferred (001) crystallographic orientation, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction. Adhesion of the HA films to the Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates was excellent when films were deposited at temperatures ≤600°C; in a scratch test, mean pressures of ca. 10 10 Nm −2 produced conformational cracking in a film deposited at 600°C, but no decohesion from the substrates.
Distributed embedded firewalls with virtual private groups (2004)

This paper introduces distributed embedded firewall, a new architecture designed to counter the insider threat, which is undeterred by existing firewall implementations. The paper also describes virtual private groups, a group VPN technology. These technologies work together to addresses the security challenges of emerging technology. We describe the architecture and the rationale for its design, then we illustrate its application. The firewall technology has been transitioned from DARPA to the COTS 3Com Embedded Firewall.
A study of static friction between silicon and silicon compounds (1992)

Presents results from measurements of static coefficient of friction between materials of interest to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The materials studied include silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride. Two measurement techniques have been used to this study. In the first technique, static friction between two millimeter-sized flat components was measured in a 10-6 Torr vacuum chamber. In the second technique, static friction between a three-millimeter radius aluminum bullet coated with a material of interest and a flat substrate was measured in a approximately 5*10-10 Torr ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. The results show that the coefficient of friction, mu , between silicon and silicon compound contacts in vacuum is in the range 0.2 to 0.7. The coefficients of friction between silicon dioxide/silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide/silicon contacts increase by 55% to 157% with increased exposure to humidity. Additionally, friction between similar materials behaves differently than that between dissimilar materials.
Technical Feasibility of Figuring Optical Surfaces by Ion Polishing (1971)

Procedures are described to figure optical surfaces by ion polishing. Fused silica, ULE, and Cer-Vit were employed as substrate materials. The sputtering yields for these materials were: 1.9 (150-keV40 Ar+), 1.86 (150-keV 40Ar+), and 3.7 (80-keV 126Xe+) atoms/ion, respectively. The optical scatter, at λ = 632.8 nm, was measured to be 0.06%, which is comparable to good surfaces prepared by conventional lap techniques. The rms surface error was reduced from 0.05λ to 0.01λ over the central 0.12-m aperture of a 0.2-m diam fused silica flat by ion polishing with 150-keV 40Ar+. Based on this experience, the design of a manufacturing facility is discussed.
Regulation of Transient Site-specific Copy Gain by MicroRNA (2016)

Intra-tumor copy number heterogeneity is commonly observed in cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Up-regulation of the histone demethylase KDM4A promotes transient site-specific copy gain (TSSG) in cells; therefore, uncovering how KDM4A levels are controlled is important for understanding the regulation of copy number heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that KDM4A is regulated by hsa-mir-23a-3p, hsa-mir-23b-3p, and hsa-mir-137. Altering expression of these microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates KDM4A-dependent TSSG. miRNA inhibition promoted copy gains and increased expression of the drug-resistant oncogene CKS1B, which was further substantiated in primary breast tumors. Consistent with increased CKS1B expression, miRNA inhibition reduced breast cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Our data identify these miRNAs as regulators of TSSG and copy gains of a drug resistance gene.
C/SPAN: a self-adapting Web proxy cache (2003)

In response to the exponential growth of Internet traffic, Web proxy caches are deployed everywhere. Nonetheless, their efficiency relies on a large number of intrinsically dynamic parameters, most of which can not be predicted statically. Furthermore, in order to react to changing execution conditions $such as network resources, user behavior or flash crowds, or to update the Web proxy with new protocols, services or even algorithms - the entire system must be dynamically adapted. Our response to this problem is a self-adapting Web proxy cache, C/SPAN, which applies administrative strategies to adapt itself and react to external events. Because it is completely flexible, even these adaptation policies can be dynamically adapted.
Multi-modal intelligent seizure acquisition (MISA) system &#x2014; A new approach towards seizure detection based on full body motion measures (2009)

Many epilepsy patients cannot call for help during a seizure, because they are unconscious or because of the affection of their motor system or speech function. This can lead to injuries, medical complications and at worst death. An alarm system setting off at seizure onset could help to avoid hazards. Today no reliable alarm systems are available. A Multi-modal Intelligent Seizure Acquisition (MISA) system based on full body motion data seems as a good approach towards detection of epileptic seizures. The system is the first to provide a full body description for epilepsy applications. Three test subjects were used for this pilot project. Each subject simulated 15 seizures and in addition performed some predefined normal activities, during a 4-hour monitoring with electromyography (EMG), accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope (AMG), electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG) and audio and video recording. The results showed that a non-subject specific MISA system developed on data from the modalities: accelerometer (ACM), gyroscope and EMG is able to detect 98% of the simulated seizures and at the same time mistakes only 4 of the normal movements for seizures. If the system is individualized (subject specific) it is able to detect all simulated seizures with a maximum of 1 false positive. Based on the results from the simulated seizures and normal movements the MISA system seems to be a promising approach to seizure detection.
Analysis and optimization of NDVI definitions and areal fraction models in remote sensing of vegetation (2009)

X. Zhoua*, H. Guan∗∗ b, H. Xiec & J. L. Wilsonb a Department of Geophysical Engineering , Montana Tech of the University of Montana , Butte, MT 59701, USA b Department of Earth and Environmental Science , New Mexico Tech , Socorro, NM 87801, USA c Laboratory for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
Neutron Spectrum of<sup>238</sup>PuO<sub>2</sub> (1968)

The neutron spectrum of 238PuO2 was measured with a 6Li fast-neutron spectrometer. The neutrons derive mainly from the (α,n) reaction with 18O. The spectrum shows a peak at 2.3 Me V and a maximum neutron energy of ≍ 4.8 Me V.
A Mining Technique Using $N$n-Grams and Motion Transcripts for Body Sensor Network Data Repository (2011)

Recent years have witnessed a large influx of applications in the field of cyber-physical systems. An important class of these systems is body sensor networks (BSNs) where lightweight embedded processors and communication systems are tightly coupled with the human body. BSNs can provide researchers, care providers and clinicians access to tremendously valuable information extracted from data that are collected in users' natural environment. With this information, one can monitor the progression of a disease, identify its early onset, or simply assess user's wellness. One major obstacle is managing repositories that store the large amount of sensing data. To address this issue, we propose a data mining approach inspired by the experience in the areas of text and natural language processing. We represent sensor readings with a sequence of characters, called motion transcripts. Transcripts reduce complexity of the data significantly while maintaining morphological and structural properties of the physiological signals. To further take advantage of the physiological signal's structure, our data mining technique focuses on the characteristic transitions in the signals. These transitions are efficiently captured using the concept of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -grams. To facilitate a lightweight and fast mining approach, we reduce the overwhelmingly large number of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -grams via information gain (IG) feature selection. We report the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of the speed of mining while maintaining an acceptable accuracy in terms of the F-score combining both precision and recall.
Quantum Dot Chemiluminescence (2004)

We report the first observation of band gap chemiluminescence of semiconductor quantum dots in solution and in nanoparticulate layers. The spectral position of the band gap chemiluminescence of CdSe/CdS core shell and InP nanocrystals depends on their particle size, allowing thus an efficient tuning of the emission color with superior color purity inherent for monodisperse samples. The efficiency of nanocrystal chemiluminescence can be dramatically enhanced by applying a cathodic potential to the nanoparticulate layers made from CdSe or CdSe/CdS core−shell nanocrystals. In this case electrochemical n-doping of the particles via electron injection provides a “quantum confined cathodic protection” against nanocrystal oxidative corrosion upon hole injection and allows the achievement of efficient and stable electrogenerated chemiluminescence.
No Principal Too Small: Memory Access Control for Fine-Grained Protection Domains (2012)

Modern programs comprise multiple threads of execution inside a single principal -- the process -- with a single protection domain, usually a page table. We propose a hardware enforced, fine-grained memory protection mechanism to divide the process into smaller principals and multiple protection domains. Our approach supports modern software engineering better than traditional processes by enabling developers to align software components with protection mechanisms. We implemented our architecture using a cycle-accurate simulator of a complex out-of-order pipeline and evaluate our solution using open-source benchmarks and synthetic micro benchmarks designed specifically to stress our system.
Analysis and Evaluation of End-to-End PTP Synchronization for Ethernet-Based Fronthaul (2016)

Provisioning of cost-effective Ethernet-based fronthaul by reusing the LAN infrastructure available in most commercial buildings is challenging predominantly in terms of the required bandwidth and synchronization. In contrast to a synchronous fronthaul, a PTP-based Ethernet network must cope with estimation noise introduced by packet delay variation (PDV) for synchronization recovery. The SYNC packet used for PTP on such networks is expected to suffer from significant PDV due to the fronthaul traffic and other background traffic. Further challenges are met when the switches adopted in the network do not support PTP and therefore synchronization can only be done by end-devices. Focusing on this scenario, this paper analyzes the problems that may affect the time offset estimation accuracy and presents schemes to mitigate these problems. The performance is evaluated through a self-developed FPGA-based testbed and the results suggest that the end-to-end PTP approach can fulfill the less strict time alignment requirements of 3GPP standards if PDV is handled properly.
Is Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Estrogenic? (1977)

Evidence is presented which indicates the lack of effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabis resin on tritiated estradiol-17beta binding to uterine cytosol receptor. The cannabinoids which demasculinize when given in vivo had no estrogneic properties as assessed by receptor studies on 2 different rodent species. None of the major metabolites seems to have free hydroxyl or phenolic groups at both extremities of the molecule. It is concluded that it is very unlikely that the demasculinizing and/or feminizing effects of cannabis are due to simple estrogenlike action.
Thermal relaxation rates of magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of magnetic fields and spin-transfer effects (2011)

We have measured the relaxation time of a thermally unstable ferromagnetic nanoparticle incorporated into a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as a function of applied magnetic field, voltage $V$ (\ensuremath{-}0.38 V $V$ $+$ 0.26 V), and temperature (283 K $T$ 363 K). By analyzing the results within the framework of a modified N\'eel-Brown formalism, we determine the effective attempt time of the nanoparticle and also the bias dependences of the in-plane and out-of-plane spin-transfer torques. There is a significant linear modification of the effective temperature with voltage due to the in-plane torque and a significant contribution of a ``field-like'' torque that is quadratic with voltage. The methods presented here do not require complicated models for device heating or calibration procedures but instead directly measure how temperature, field, and voltage influence the energy landscape and thermal fluctuations of a two-state system. These results should have significant implications for designs of future nanometer-scale magnetic random access memory elements and provide a straightforward methodology to determine these parameters in other MTJ device structures.
Comparative and Functional Evaluation of In Vitro Generated to Ex Vivo CD8 T Cells (2012)

The generation of the cytotoxic CD8 T cell response is dependent on the functional outcomes imposed by the intrathymic constraints of differentiation and self-tolerance. Although thymic function can be partly replicated in vitro using OP9-DL1 cell cultures to yield CD8 αβ TCR-bearing cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells, a comprehensive and functional assessment of entirely in vitro generated CD8 T cells derived from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells has not been established and remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that a phenotypic, molecular, and functional signature of in vitro derived CD8 T cells is akin to that of ex vivo CD8 T cells, although several significant differences were also observed. Transfer of in vitro derived CD8 T cells into syngeneic and immunodeficient host mice showed no graft-versus-host response, whereas a robust homeostatic proliferation was observed, respectively. These findings, along with a diverse and broad TCR repertoire expressed by the in vitro derived CD8 T cells, allowed for the successful generation of Ag-specific T cells to be obtained from an entirely in vitro generated CD8 T cell pool. These findings support the use of Ag-specific in vitro derived effector CD8 T cells for immune reconstitution approaches, which would be amenable to further tailoring for their use against viral infections or malignancies.
Anti-inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin. (2015)

These results demonstrate that colloidal oat extracts exhibit direct anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which may provide the mechanisms for observed dermatological benefits while using the colloidal oatmeal skin protectant lotion.
Tissue-specific expression of Populus C19 GA 2-oxidases differentially regulate above- and below-ground biomass growth through control of bioactive GA concentrations (2011)

• Here, we studied the poplar C(19) gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) gene subfamily. We show that a set of paralogous gene pairs differentially regulate shoot and root development. • PtGA2ox4 and its paralogous gene PtGA2ox5 are primarily expressed in aerial organs, and overexpression of PtGA2ox5 produced a strong dwarfing phenotype characteristic of GA deficiency. Suppression of PtGA2ox4 and PtGA2ox5 led to increased biomass growth, but had no effect on root development. By contrast, the PtGA2ox2 and PtGA2ox7 paralogous pair was predominantly expressed in roots, and when these two genes were RNAi-suppressed it led to a decrease of root biomass. • The morphological changes in the transgenic plants were underpinned by tissue-specific increases in bioactive GAs that corresponded to the predominant native expression of the targeted paralogous gene pair. Although RNAi suppression of both paralogous pairs led to changes in wood development, they were much greater in the transgenics with suppressed PtGA2ox4 and PtGA2ox5. The degree of gene suppression in independent events was strongly associated with phenotypes, demonstrating dose-dependent control of growth by GA2ox RNA concentrations. • The expression and transgenic modifications reported here show that shoot- and leaf-expressed PtGA2ox4 and PtGA2ox5 specifically restrain aerial shoot growth, while root-expressed PtGA2ox2 and PtGA2ox7 promote root development.
Electron Microscopic Study of a Slime Layer (1969)

Slime layers are being studied in our laboratories in an attempt to understand their functions in the control of pollution in natural streams. A method for fixing, staining, and embedding microorganisms in the intact slime has been developed. In this method, epoxy resin discs are placed in a holder and are introduced into a simulated stream. After various periods of time the discs are punched out of the holder into the fixative. The disc with the attached slime is fixed, stained (4% osmium tetroxide plus ruthenium red), dehydrated, and embedded in epoxy resin so that thin sections can be cut through the vertical plane of the slime mass. Such thin sections permit detailed examination of the attached layer, the surface-slime interface, the spatial relationships between cells in the vertical slime structure, and the strands of extracellular material between and around cells. No special attachment structures were noted as the cells appeared to be attached to the surface by extracellular material alone. This material was observed in strands and netlike forms between cells which are positioned 1 to 4 mum apart in the slime.