gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of water and nitrogen on protein components and processing quality of strong gluten wheat cultivar Jimai 20. (2010)

Water and nitrogen are the two most important factors affecting wheat quality.We studied the effects of water and nitrogen on protein component and processing quality in strong gluten wheat Jimai 20.The results showed that the effect of irrigation was larger than that of nitrogen fertilizer.Protein component and processing quality declined with the increasing of irrigation times,in which the effect of flowering and filling water were the most significant.Grain protein content and protein components,in addition to glutenin,were sensitive to water and insensitive to nitrogen.Improving nitrogen fertilizer were propitious to increase glutenin and gluten protein content.Flour processing quality,excepted development time and stability time were sensitive to irrigation.Increasing the applying of nitrogen was conducive to the improvement of water absorption,but decrease of the bread volume.Total protein,gliadin and gluten protein showed significant and positive correlation to sedimentation value and wet gluten content.There were significant and positive correlations between gluten protein and development time.Total protein,gliadin showed a significant and positive correlation to the bread volume.In this experiment,appropriate reduction of irrigation frequency and applying nitrogen fertilizer were of great benefit to increase wheat quality integratedly.
Natürlich vorkommende Terpen‐Derivate, 383<sup>1)</sup> Synthese des Isopetasols (1982)

Naturally Occurring Terpene Derivatives, 383 1) . – Synthesis of Isopetasol Starting with 2,3‐dimethylphenol (1) , isopetasol (13) and epi ‐isopetasol (15) have been synthesized. A new route to the necessary octalin derivative 9 and for the introduction of the isopropylidene side‐chain has been described.
Synthesis and reactivity of tervalent paramagnetic titanium compounds (.eta.5-C5Me5)2TiR: molecular structure of (.eta.5-C5Me5)2TiCH2CMe3 (1991)

Paramagnetic, tervalent titanium compounds Cp*2TiR with R = Me (2), Et (3), n-Pr (4), CH2CMe3 (5), CH2Ph (6), η3-C3H5 (7), η3-C4H7 (8), CH=CH2 (9), C≡CMe (10), Ph (11) have been prepared by salt metathesis from Cp*2TiCl (1). The 1H NMR spectra show characteristic broad resonances (width at half-maximum between 0.88 and 5.5 kHz) in the range δ 14.5-20.9 ppm, which are due to the 1H nuclei of the Cp* ligands. Only part of the 1H resonances of the carbyl ligand R are observed. 2H NMR spectra of Cp*2TiR with deuterated ligands R allow assignment of all 2H nuclei in R. These are observed between δ -79 and 125 ppm. Solution EPR spectra show broad singlet signals in the range g = 1.941-1.992, without hyperfine interaction with 1H nuclei of the ligands or titanium isotope splitting. The crystal structure of 5 was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four molecules in the unit cell. The cell dimensions are a = 10.221 (2) Å, b = 15.609 (3) Å, c = 14.107 (3) Å, and β = 94.21 (2)°. The refinements converged at R(F) = 0.059 for 2801 observed reflections and 359 parameters. Thermolysis of the compounds leads to quantitative formation of RH and a (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(fulvene)titanium compound, Cp*FvTi (Fv = η6-C5Me4CH2). The 15-electron compounds Cp*2TiR do not form stable adducts Cp*2TiR·L, although intermediate adduct formation is indicated in reactions with substrates such as CO and isonitriles. With CO a complicated reaction occurs in which disproportionation to Ti(II) and Ti(IV), acyl formation, and nucleophilic attack on the Cp* ligand with ring expansion takes place. With isonitriles RN≡C insertion in the Ti-R bond leads to formation of η2-iminoacyls. Carbon dioxide reacts to give carboxylates Cp*2Ti(η2-O2CR). For alkyls Cp*2TiR, where R bears a β-hydrogen, the dominant process is β-H transfer to an incoming substrate molecule and extrusion of the olefin R(-H). This has been observed for 3 and 4 with carbon dioxide, olefins, and but-2-yne.
A Generalized Cameron–Martin Formula with Applications to Partially Observed Dynamic Portfolio Optimization (2001)

The optimal dynamic allocation problem for a Bayesian investor is addressed when the stock's drift—modeled as a linear mean‐reverting diffusion—is not observed directly but only via the measurement process. Adopting a martingale approach, an appropriate generalization of the Cameron–Martin (1945) formula then enables computation of both the optimal dynamic allocation and the value function for a general utility function, in terms of an inverse Laplace transform of an explicit expression. Moreover, closed‐form formulas are provided in the case of power utility.
The telecommunications fact book and illustrated dictionary (1992)

Part 1: Definitions of telecommunications terms & acronyms, from A through Z. Fundamentals of electromagnetic signals. Units and physical constants. CCITT recommendations. List of radio emissions. International television systems. RS-32, RS-449. International telephone numbering plan. FCC frequency allocations. International telecommunications satellite consortium (INTELSAT). Telecommunication agencies. Symbols of electronic and telecommunication devices. International radiation exposure standards. Codes for information/data transmission. Formulas related to telecommunications. Digital logic, a summary. Telecommunication journals and magazines. Telephone signalling systems. Telecommunications acronyms. Submarine telephone cables.
Magnetic nanoparticles as efficient bulk pinning centers in type-II superconductors (2005)

Enhancement of vortex pinning by magnetic nanoparticles embedded into the bulk of a type-II superconductor is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Magnetic part of the pinning force associated with the interaction between a finite-size spherical magnetic inclusion and an Abrikosov vortex is calculated in the London approximation. Calculations are supported by the experimental results obtained on sonochemically modified $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ superconductor with embedded magnetic ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ nanoparticles and compared to $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ with nonmagnetic ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ pinning centers of similar concentration and particle size distribution. It is shown that ferromagnetic nanoparticles result in a considerable enhancement of vortex pinning in large-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ type-II superconductors.
Robust Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Sponge for Effective Continuous Absorption and Expulsion of Oil Pollutants from Water (2013)

With the growth of oil production and transportation, there is greater potential for accidental oil spills. Here we fabricated a robust superhydrophobic and superoleophilic carbon nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated polyurethane sponge for the continuous absorption and expulsion of oils and organic solvents from water surfaces. When applied in conjunction with a vacuum system, this sponge could separate great amounts of oils-up to 35000 times its own weight-from water in a one-step process and could also separate surfactant-free water-in-oil emulsions with high efficiency (oil purity: >99.97 wt %), making it a promising candidate material for use in oil-spill cleanups.
Operation of a passive optical network with subcarrier multiplexing in the presence of optical beat interference (1993)

When two lasers carrying subcarrier-multiplexed data operate with very closely spaced wavelengths, beating between the lasers can occur which increases the noise at the detector. This effect, optical beat interference (OBI), can greatly interfere with the operation of these systems. The authors have observed OBI with DFB lasers in a system carrying two 155.5-Mb/s data streams. With an optical modulation index of m=0.8, a bit-error rate floor of approximately 10/sup -2/ was observed due to OBI, which is consistent with the noise measured by an RF power meter. When m is increased to 1.8, a significant reduction in OBI was observed, and it was possible to achieve transmission at the 10/sup -9/ level with a penalty of only 1.8 dB due to the presence of OBI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Manoeuvre detection for non-uniform sampling intervals (1998)

A simple method is presented for determining a detection threshold in a manoeuvre detector in the case of non-uniform sampling intervals. The decision statistic used by the manoeuvre detector is the exponentially-discounted average of the normalised innovations squared.
Quality Assessment of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Genotyping in a Large Laboratory Network (2002)

Quality assessment exercises were conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of IS6110 DNA fingerprinting performed by eight laboratories in the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network. Three panels, each with 8 to 16 isolates, were typed at all laboratories, resulting in 280 images. When the pattern obtained by the majority for each isolate was used as the standard, exact matches were obtained for 73% of patterns; 90% and 97% of patterns matched within one- and two-band differences, respectively. A second approach involved retyping of randomly selected isolates at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retyping was done for 8-19 isolates per laboratory (76 total). Paired images matched exactly for 54% of isolates and within one and two band differences, 78% and 93%, respectively. We evaluated reasons for mismatching. We also evaluated the reproducibility of spoligotyping using a test panel of 13 isolates; a discrepancy of 1 in 91 results was noted.
Three-component self-modeling technique applied to luminescence spectra (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree-component self-modeling technique applied to luminescence spectraYa Ping. Sun, Donald F. Sears, and Jack. SaltielCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 20, 2515–2519Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00147a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00147a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyamines: potent modulators of plant responses to stress (2012)

Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic polycations that are widespread in living organisms. In this review, we are focusing the correlation between endogenous PA titers and physiological perturbations and on the protective role of various analogues of PAs against abiotic stresses. PAs are involved in many physiological processes, such as cell growth and development and also respond to diverse abiotic stresses. Polyamines level shifts in different ways depending on several factors, such as plant species, tolerance or sensitivity to stress, and duration of stress. Exogenously supplied PAs protected plants from abiotic stress, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing PA biosynthetic genes exhibited stress tolerance. On the other hand, loss-of-function mutant of PA biosynthetic genes, or decrease of PA titers, resulted to decrease stress tolerance.
Arabidopsis TEOSINTE BRANCHED1-LIKE 1 Regulates Axillary Bud Outgrowth and is Homologous to Monocot TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (2007)

Axillary bud outgrowth is controlled by developmental and environmental signals through the integrated action of hormones and other factors that probably regulate the cell cycle in the buds. While hormonal regulators have been studied extensively, less is known about downstream mechanisms regulating bud outgrowth. The TCP domain protein Teosinte Branched1 (TB1) is a putative transcriptional regulator that represses bud outgrowth in grasses. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that three hypothetical Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins, TCP1, TCP12 and TCP18 [Teosinte Branched1-Like 1 (TBL1)], are closely related to monocot TB1 proteins. A reverse genetics approach was used to identify TBL1 and TCP12 mutants to assess the function of the hypothetical proteins. No obvious phenotype was observed in tcp12 mutants. tbl1 null mutants exhibited a non-pleiotropic hyperbranching phenotype that was due to enhanced outgrowth of primary and secondary buds. The role of TBL1 as a repressor of bud outgrowth was supported by TBL1 mRNA accumulation: abundance was high in unelongated buds, and decreased to low levels in buds that were elongating. Analyses of TBL1 expression in hormone signaling mutants with aberrant branching suggest that TBL1 acts downstream of auxin and the MAX-related hormone to coordinate bud outgrowth. The data are consistent with Arabidopsis TBL1 providing functionality similar to monocot TB1, and highlight the conservation of mechanisms regulating branching across large evolutionary distances.
ABORTED LEIOMYOSARCOMA AFTER TREATMENT WITH LEUPROLIDE ACETATE (1998)

Background Leuprolide acetate has been used to decrease uterine size and shrink leiomyomata. In carefully selected patients, its treatment benefits are well recognized. However, if leuprolide acetate is inadvertently given to a patient with an unsuspected leiomyosarcoma, complications may occur. Case A patient presumed to have leiomyomata was treated with monthly injections of leuprolide acetate. In the third month of treatment, unusual manifestations, including increased bleeding, aborting mass, urinary retention, and severe pain, occurred suggesting a possible malignancy and requiring immediate operation. Conclusion The use of leuprolide acetate can delay the diagnosis and treatment of leiomyosarcoma and thus may increase the risk of morbidity and affect the treatment outcome of patients with leiomyosarcoma. The histologic changes ascribed to leuprolide acetate treatment in leiomyomata also were seen in this leiomyosarcoma.
Synthesis of<i>o</i>-(Dimethylamino)aryl Ketones, Acridones, Acridinium Salts, and 1<i>H</i>-Indazoles by the Reaction of Hydrazones and Arynes (2012)

A novel, efficient route to biologically and pharmaceutically important o-(dimethylamino)aryl ketones, acridones, acridinium salts, and 1H-indazoles has been developed starting from readily available hydrazones of aldehydes and o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates. The reaction proceeds through arynes under mild conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and provides the final products in good to excellent yields.
Analysis of Ferritins in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines and in the Lens of Subjects With Hereditary Hyperferritinemia-Cataract Syndrome (1998)

Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS) is an autosomal and dominant disease caused by heterogeneous mutations in the iron responsive element (IRE) of the 5' untranslated flanking region of ferritin L-chain mRNA, which reduce the binding to the trans iron regulatory proteins and make L-chain synthesis constitutively upregulated. In the several families identified so far, the serum and tissue L-ferritin levels are fivefold to 20-fold higher than in nonaffected control subjects, iron metabolism is apparently normal, and the only relevant clinical symptom is early onset, bilateral cataract. Some pathogenetic aspects of HHCS remain obscure, with particular reference to the isoferritins produced by HHCS cells, as well as the mechanism of cataract formation. We analyzed lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from two nonaffected control subjects and from HHCS patients carrying the substitution A40G (Paris-1), G41C (Verona-1), and the deletion of the residues 10-38 (Verona-2) in the IRE structure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for the H- and L-type ferritins showed that L-ferritin levels were up to 20-fold higher in HHCS than in control cells and were not affected by iron supplementation or chelation. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments of metabolically-labeled cells with specific antibodies indicated that in HHCS cells about half of the L-chain was assembled in L-chain homopolymers, which did not incorporate iron, and the other half was assembled in isoferritins with a high proportion of L-chain. In control cells, all ferritin was assembled in functional heteropolymers with equivalent proportion of H- and L-chains. Cellular and ferritin iron uptake was slightly higher in HHCS than control cells. In addition, we analyzed the lens recovered from cataract surgery of a HHCS patient. We found it to contain about 10-fold more L-ferritin than control lens. The ferritin was fully soluble with a low iron content. It was purified and partially characterized. Our data indicate that: (1) in HHCS cells a large proportion of L-ferritin accumulates as nonfunctional L-chain 24 homopolymers; (2) the concomitant fivefold to 10-fold expansion of ferritin heteropolymers, with a shift to L-chain-rich isoferritins, does not have major effects on cellular iron metabolism; (3) L-chain accumulation occurs also in the lens, where it may induce cataract formation by altering the delicate equilibrium between other water-soluble proteins (ie, crystallins) and/or the antioxidant properties.
Economic Growth in Italy: An Analysis of the Uneven Development of North and South (1956)

If problems of historical study are to be chosen on the basis of their importance in affecting the course of human affairs through time, no phase of life in Western culture during the century and a half after 1800 is more worthy of study than that of economic development. During these one hundred and fifty years there was an increment of total production within western Europe of an estimated 1,500 per cent and an increase of output per capita of some 500 per cent. At no time in history had an equal advance been made at such a rapid pace.
Theory of Dynamic Pulsatile Spectroscopy for photoplethysmographic signals analysis (2013)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a technique that uses light to non-invasively obtain a volumetric measurement of an organ with each cardiac cycle. Pulse Oximetry (PO) is an empirical technique which allows the arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) evaluation from the PPG signals. There have been many reports in the literature suggesting that other arterial blood chemical components can be evaluated from the PPG signals. Most attempts to perform such evaluation on empirical bases have failed, especially for components concentrations. This paper introduces a non-empirical rational theory called Dynamic Pulsatile Spectroscopy (DPS) which can be used to analytically investigate the phenomena of PPG. The DPS theory provides the mathematically rigid method of how PPG signals can be used for arterial blood analysis to evaluate its chemical component concentrations and molar fractions spectroscopically and transcutaneously. It also highlights what other signals might be required for such evaluation. DPS opens the possibility of extending PPG application for blood analysis beyond conventional PO. The DPS basic principles are introduced in this paper.
Chronic Estrogen Treatment Modifies Insulin-Induced Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Ovariectomized Rats (2005)

The results indicate that chronic estrogen treatment modifies the insulin-induced hypertension by increasing insulin sensitivity in ovariectomized rats.
Introduction (2007)

Abstract This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the purpose of the book, which is an interdisciplinary study of British literary and scientific culture in the first half of the 19th century, focusing on the development in those decades of a new spatial imagination. Its central concern reflects the increasing importance of space in critical enquiry over recent decades. The book steps back from the lived spaces of social geography to view the abstract space with and within which early 19th century writers organized knowledge, and which affected literature and the literary imagination in ways which have not yet been fully investigated by literary critics. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Growth phase, cellular hydrophobicity, and adhesion in vitro of lactobacilli colonizing the keratinizing gastric epithelium in the mouse (1992)

Lactobacillus strains of numerous species isolated from several animal sources exhibited cellular hydrophobicities that differed from those expected on the basis of their abilities to colonize the keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium in the mouse stomach. Cells of Lactobacillus fermentum 100-33, grown to either exponential or stationary phase, were strongly hydrophilic. By contrast, cells of L. fermentum RI and six transformant derivatives of strain RI and 100-33, strains DM101 through DM106, were hydrophobic to various degrees in either growth phase. Most of them were less hydrophobic, however, when in the stationary phase than in the exponential phase. Cells of strains RI and 100-33 in the exponential phase adhered in the same number in vitro to disks of keratinized mouse gastric mucosa. By contrast, when in stationary phase, strain RI and two transformants, DM103 and DM104, adhered to the surface in higher numbers than 100-33. In contrast to their cellular progenitor, 100-33, the transformant strains share with their DNA donor, RI, the capacity to colonize the keratinizing gastric epithelium in mice. These findings indicate that lactobacilli able to colonize the surface of the keratinocytes in the murine stomach can adhere to that surface by either hydrophilic or hydrophobic molecules.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in “Hitra Disease” (Hemorrhagic Syndrome) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (1987)

Necropsy findings in adult salmon with subclinical "Hitra disease" (hemorrhagic syndrome) varied from negligible to hemorrhagic diathesis with generalized edema. By light microscopy, minute vessels were dilated, arterioles had mural necrosis, and thrombi were present. Occlusions consisted of fused erythrocytes and fibrin. Ultrastructurally, endothelial nuclei were pyknotic with condensed chromatin. The cytoplasm contained numerous laminar structures and electron-dense particles. Damaged erythrocytes adhered to the degenerated endothelium, and coalesced erythrocytes had formed mural thrombi or filled the vascular lumen. Microthrombi were frequently seen. There were no thrombocytes in the thrombi, which consisted of erythrocytes or reticulocytes. Clinically healthy farmed salmon parr showed the same disorders as did adults, but to a far lesser degree. Wild salmon parr had normal microvasculature. Results indicate that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in "Hitra disease" in farmed Atlantic salmon.