gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REJOINDER: LATENT VARIABLE GRAPHICAL MODEL SELECTION VIA CONVEX OPTIMIZATION (2016)

Rejoinder to "Latent variable graphical model selection via convex optimization" by Venkat Chandrasekaran, Pablo A. Parrilo and Alan S. Willsky [arXiv:1008.1290].
Dicing advanced materials for microelectronics (2005)

In recent years, the volume of thinned silicon and bumped silicon wafers have increased dramatically. The push to thinner silicon is driven by smart cards and stacked dice for low profile products which are highly popular in the marketplace. The dicing of advanced materials including thin wafers, ultra-thin silicon wafers, wafer with low k dielectric, bonded wafers and cavitated wafers is critically important for high volume IC production. Today, mechanical dicing with diamond saw blades remains the most cost effective manufacturing process. Advances in dicing processes and blade design allow for dicing of these wafers with minimum mechanical damage to the dice. Achieving end cut with no damage requires a fine balance between the design of the saw street dimension, the contents in the street and the wafer level processing that introduces internal stresses into the wafer. With the push to maximize die count per wafer, the saw street is often filled with wafer test features that not only degrade the cutting action of the blade but introduce internal stress in the silicon wafer. Data shows that chipping on redistributed and bumped wafers is higher than non-bumped wafers. This paper shows results from improved dicing parameters that will overcome yield loss during mechanical dicing without having to resort to laser dicing.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ by Nitric Oxide in Monocytes/Macrophages Down-Regulates p47<i>phox</i> and Attenuates the Respiratory Burst (2002)

Abstract NO appears as an important determinant in auto and paracrine macrophage function. We hypothesized that NO switches monocyte/macrophage function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by activating anti-inflammatory properties of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. NO-releasing compounds (100 μM S-nitrosoglutathione or 50 μM spermine-NONOate) as well as inducible NO synthase induction provoked activation of PPARγ. This was proven by EMSAs, with the notion that supershift analysis pointed to the involvement of PPARγ. PCR analysis ruled out induction of PPARγ mRNA as a result of NO supplementation. Reporter assays, with a construct containing a triple PPAR response element in front of a thymidine kinase minimal promoter driving the luciferase gene, were positive in response to NO delivery. DNA binding capacity as well as the transactivating capability of PPARγ were attenuated by addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or in the presence of the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,6-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide. Having established that NO but not lipophilic cyclic GMP analogs activated PPARγ, we verified potential anti-inflammatory consequences. The oxidative burst of macrophages, evoked by phorbol ester, was attenuated in association with NO-elicited PPARγ activation. A cause-effect relationship was demonstrated when PPAR response element decoy oligonucleotides, supplied in front of NO delivery, allowed to regain an oxidative response. PPARγ-mediated down-regulation of p47 phagocyte oxidase, a component of the NAD(P)H oxidase system, was identified as one molecular mechanism causing inhibition of superoxide radical formation. We conclude that NO participates in controlling the pro- vs anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by modulating PPARγ.
Interleukin-10 prevents dendritic cell accumulation and vaccination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-modified tumor cells (1997)

A wide variety of human tumors express IL-10 for reasons poorly understood. We have analyzed the effect of spontaneous IL-10 expression by a mouse tumor (J558L) on its immunoparalyzing effect. Because "cross-priming" of T cells by host Ag-presenting cells for MHC class I-restricted tumor Ags is a major pathway for induction of tumor immunity and that is enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage (GM) CSF, we expressed this cytokine in J558L cells. GM-CSF-secreting cells were not effective when used for immunization against challenge with the parental tumor. Inhibition of IL-10 expression through an IL-10 antisense retrovirus restored the vaccine efficacy of GM-CSF-producing J558L cells, demonstrating a direct role of IL-10 in paralyzing the GM-CSF-induced antitumor immune response. Since the tumor used for challenge produced IL-10, we conclude that IL-10 interfered primarily with the initiation but not the effector phase of the immune response. Immunohistochemical analysis of the vaccine site showed a GM-CSF-induced accumulation of dendritic cells (DC) (MHC class II+ and DEC-205+) in the absence of IL-10. In the presence of IL-10, DC accumulation was completely inhibited. Together, our results demonstrate an antagonistic effect of IL-10 with respect to GM-CSF-induced DC accumulation and tumor immunity and suggest a new mechanism by which tumors escape immune recognition: namely by preventing APC from obtaining access to tumor Ags.
The hydrogen-bond C–H donor and π-acceptor characteristics of three-membered rings (1996)

Crystallographic results, retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database, show that the C--H protons of cyclopropane, aziridine and oxirane form C—H...O (particularly C—H...O—C) hydrogen bonds. The frequency of formation and geometrical characteristics of these bonds indicate a bond-strength ordering: C sp 1 —H...O > C(ring)—H...O ≃ C sp 2 —H...O > C sp 3 —H...O, which is in excellent agreement with the well known ethylenic properties of C(ring)—H and with residual δ+ charges calculated for these systems. There is some evidence to suggest that C=C—H in cyclopropene, known to be a highly acidic H , forms stronger hydrogen bonds than C—H in saturated three-membered rings. Crystallographic data have also been used to provide geometrical evidence for the formation of O,N—H...π(ring) bonding to three-membered rings, proposed on the basis of spectroscopic data [Joris, Schleyer & Gleiter (1968). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 , 327–336]. The two modes of H...π(ring) binding suggested there, viz . `edge-on' approach of H to a ring C—C bond and `face-on' approach towards the ring centroid, are found to be dominant in crystallographic observations of this novel hydrogen bond.
Multilevel <i>k</i> -way hypergraph partitioning (1999)

In this paper, we present a new multilevel k-way hypergraph partitioning algorithm that substantially outperforms the existing state-of-the-art K-PM/LR algorithm for multi-way partitioning, both for optimizing local as well as global objectives. Experiments on the ISPD98 benchmark suite show that the partitionings produced by our scheme are on the average 15% to 23% better than those produced by the K-PM/LR algorithm, both in terms of the hyperedge cut as well as the (K-1) metric. Furthermore, our algorithm is significantly faster, requiring 4 to 5 times less time than that required by K-PM/LR.
Notes From the Book of Experience (1951)

Realizing that you, the reader, might not be intrested in a biography, I talked to a number of wives of successful practicing veterinarians and I am editing their contributions in my desire to give you, as wives and prospective wives, a few helpful hints.
Hydrogenation of soybean oil triglycerides: Effect of pressure on selectivity (2000)

Abstract Soybean oil contains five triglycerides that account for over 70% of the total. These include LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO, and LOP and their isomers (where L=linoleic, O=oleic, P=palmitic). High‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis of samples taken during a typical hydrogenation run in which the iodine value (IV) was reduced from 130 to about 70 showed that the linoleate‐containing triglycerides were reduced at a much faster rate than the linolenate‐containing triglycerides. Results clearly show that hydrogenation proceeds through definite pathways rather than by random saturation of fatty acids within the triglyceride molecules. Pressure has a significant effect on the course of hydrogenation. At higher pressures (500 psi), the reaction is truly nonselective, since di‐and trisaturated glycerides are formed at about 70 IV, whereas at 50 psi, the reaction becomes selective. At higher pressures, fat functionality and solid fat result primarily from di‐and trisaturated fatt acid triglycerides as well as trans fatty acid triglycerides. At lower pressures, functionality results from trans acid triglyceride formation. Although the reactivity of linoleate containing triglycerides followed the pattern 6 double bonds>5 double bonds>4 double bonds, other factors may be important. For example, LLP is reactive and undergoes hydrogenation, while LLS remains unchanged. Triolein, which constitutes less than 3% of the total triglyceride in natural soybean oil, is a significant product of hydrogenation, which suggests that LLL and LLO are reduced directly while adsorbed on the catalyst surface.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF COLORECTAL POLYPS IN STATIC IMAGES (2011)

Colorectal cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Scanning using colorectal endoscopy is a useful and common method in clinical examinations. However, the scanning and polyps detections are performed by physicians. Failures to detect polyps might be caused due to lack of experience or knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to discover a scheme able to distinguish polyps from normal tissue in static images off-line.Texture features are studied for the discrimination between polyps and normal tissue. Two useful and simple features are proposed. The student's t-test is applied in selecting useful features to reduce the computation time. The support vector machine is used as a classifier to identify the position of polyps. A study on the numbers in the training patterns is done in order to select an optimal ratio between the polyps and non-polyps sub-images. Seventy-four colonoscopic images are collected to test the system. Half are used as training images and half for testing. The experimental result shows the system can identify all polyps if the colonoscopic images contain a single polyp. The sensitivity is 86.2% and the false-positive rate is 1.26 marks per image.
A Local Learning Rule for Independent Component Analysis (2016)

Humans can separately recognize independent sources when they sense their superposition. This decomposition is mathematically formulated as independent component analysis (ICA). While a few biologically plausible learning rules, so-called local learning rules, have been proposed to achieve ICA, their performance varies depending on the parameters characterizing the mixed signals. Here, we propose a new learning rule that is both easy to implement and reliable. Both mathematical and numerical analyses confirm that the proposed rule outperforms other local learning rules over a wide range of parameters. Notably, unlike other rules, the proposed rule can separate independent sources without any preprocessing, even if the number of sources is unknown. The successful performance of the proposed rule is then demonstrated using natural images and movies. We discuss the implications of this finding for our understanding of neuronal information processing and its promising applications to neuromorphic engineering.
Persistent Pain After Cardiac Surgery: An Audit of High Thoracic Epidural and Primary Opioid Analgesia Therapies (2002)

Persistent pain is an underreported morbidity after cardiac surgery. We sent pain surveys to all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery from 1997 to 1999 from a single surgeon’s experience. Two analgesia strategies were used: high thoracic epidural (HTEA) or IV and oral opiates (OPIOID) for 48–72 h after surgery. Persistent pain was defined as pain still present two or more months after surgery, and all questions referred to the time of survey only. From 356 questionnaires, 305 patients responded, and 61 of them refused consent, leaving 244 patients with complete surveys (HTEA, 150 patients [69%]; OPIOID, 94 patients [68%]). The incidence of persistent pain at any site was 29% and for sternotomy was 25%. The intensity of pain reported was mild, with only 7% reporting interference with daily living. Other common locations of persistent pain were the shoulders (17.4%), back (15.9%), and neck (5.8%). Twenty patients (8%) described symptoms suggestive of the internal mammary artery syndrome. A comparative audit of the HTEA and OPIOID groups showed no significant differences in the frequency or intensity of pain, although the time of survey from operation was longer in the OPIOID group. Mild persistent chest pain after sternotomy is common but infrequently interferes with daily life.
Reduction in deformed wing virus infection in larval and adult honey bees ( <i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) by double‐stranded RNA ingestion (2012)

Abstract Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a serious pathogen of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., vectored by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor . The virus is associated with wing deformity in symptomatic bees, and premature death and reduced colony performance in asymptomatic bees. In the present study we reduced DWV infection by feeding both first instar larvae and adult A. mellifera with a double‐stranded (ds) RNA construct, DWV‐dsRNA, which is specific to DWV in DWV‐inoculated bees, by mixing it with their food. We showed that feeding DWV to larvae causes wing deformity in adult bees in the absence of varroa mites and decreases survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWV. Feeding larvae with DWV‐dsRNA in advance of inoculation with virus reduced the DWV viral level and reduced wing deformity relative to larvae fed DWV or DWV with green fluorescent protein‐dsRNA (probably a result of RNA silencing), but did not affect survival to the adult stage. Feeding DWV‐dsRNA did not affect larval survival rates, which suggests that dsRNA is non‐toxic to larvae. Feeding adult workers with DWV‐dsRNA in advance of inoculation with virus increased their longevity and reduced DWV concentration relative to controls.
Structure-Based Design Guides the Improved Efficacy of Deacylation Transition State Analogue Inhibitors of TEM-1 β-Lactamase<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Transition state analogue boronic acid inhibitors mimicking the structures and interactions of good penicillin substrates for the TEM-1 beta-lactamase of Escherchia coli were designed using graphic analyses based on the enzyme's 1.7 A crystallographic structure. The synthesis of two of these transition state analogues, (1R)-1-phenylacetamido-2-(3-carboxyphenyl)ethylboronic acid (1) and (1R)-1-acetamido-2-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylboronic acid (2), is reported. Kinetic measurements show that, as designed, compounds 1 and 2 are highly effective deacylation transition state analogue inhibitors of TEM-1 beta-lactamase, with inhibition constants of 5.9 and 13 nM, respectively. These values identify them as among the most potent competitive inhibitors yet reported for a beta-lactamase. The best inhibitor of the current series was (1R)-1-phenylacetamido-2-(3-carboxyphenyl)ethylboronic acid (1, K(I) = 5.9 nM), which resembles most closely the best known substrate of TEM-1, benzylpenicillin (penicillin G). The high-resolution crystallographic structures of these two inhibitors covalently bound to TEM-1 are also described. In addition to verifying the design features, these two structures show interesting and unanticipated changes in the active site area, including strong hydrogen bond formation, water displacement, and rearrangement of side chains. The structures provide new insights into the further design of this potent class of beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Thermophysical Properties of Ceramic Layers in TBC-EB (1997)

La capacite calorifique, la diffusivite et la conductivite thermique de depots ceramiques realises par EB-PVD ont fait l'objet d'etudes. Une methode pour diminuer la conductivite thermique des depots est proposee, consistant a augmenter le nombre de lacunes dans le reseau cristallin de la ceramique deposee. les resultats montrent que certains revetements de type ZrO 2 -8%Y 2 O 3 -Mo x ont une conductivite thermique significativement plus basse que pour des revetements de type ZrO 2 -8%Y 2 O 3 . Les donnees obtenues peuvent etre utilisees pour le calcul des temperatures en service sur des aubes de turbines ainsi revetues.
The Synthesis of Some Alkylated Cyclohexenones and Aromatic Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some Alkylated Cyclohexenones and Aromatic CompoundsAlan M. Downes, Naida S. Gill, and Francis LionsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 8, 3464–3467Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01164a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01164a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Geometric calibration and distortion calibration for CT from scans of unknown objects using complementary rays (2009)

To achieve good image quality for computed tomography, it is important to accurately know the geometrical relationship between the X-ray source, the axis of rotation, and all of the detector channels. This usually involves knowing gross parameters such as iso-ray coordinate, detector pixel pitch, and source-to-detector distance, but for some detector types such as distorted arrays, polygonal or tiled arrays, or arrays of irregularly placed sparse detectors, it is beneficial to measure a more detailed description of the individual channel locations. Typically, geometric calibration and distortion calibration are performed using specialized phantoms, such as a pin, an array of pellets, or a wire grid, but these can have their practical downsides for certain applications. A promising recent alternative is to calibrate geometry in a way that requires no particular phantom or a priori knowledge of the scanned object -- these approaches are particularly helpful for high magnifications, large heavy objects, frequent calibration, and retrospective calibration. However, until now these approaches have only addressed gross geometry. In this paper, a framework is given which allows one to calibrate both gross and fine geometry from unknown objects. Example images demonstrate the success of the proposed methods on both real and simulated data.
Application of models for time series to an ionic component (total alkalinity) indicative of water quality in the yacyreta reservoir (2018)

a un componente inico (alcalinidad total) indicativo de la calidad
Filling holes in complex surfaces using volumetric diffusion (2003)

We address the problem of building watertight 3D models from surfaces that contain holes - for example, sets of range scans that observe most but not all of a surface. We specifically address situations in which the holes are too geometrically and topologically complex to fill using triangulation algorithms. Our solution begins by constructing a signed distance function, the zero set of which defines the surface. Initially, this function is defined only in the vicinity of observed surfaces. We then apply a diffusion process to extend this function through the volume until its zero set bridges whatever holes may be present. If additional information is available, such as known-empty regions of space inferred from the lines of sight to a 3D scanner, it can be incorporated into the diffusion process. Our algorithm is simple to implement, is guaranteed to produce manifold non-interpenetrating surfaces, and is efficient to run on large datasets because computation is limited to areas near holes.
Swelling of Poly(acrylamide) Gels with Pendant Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains in Solutions of Ionic Surfactant and Salt (1998)

The swelling in water and in ionic surfactant solutions of a polymer gel based on poly(acrylamide) (PAm) with pendent poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains (0−2.6 mol %) was investigated. In pure water, the swelling increased linearly with the content of PEO side chains. The anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium octylbenzenesulfonate (SOBS) both bound to the PEO side chains above a critical association concentration (cac). For SOBS, binding isotherms to the gels were obtained, and the cac values for the surfactant in PEO solutions were determined by NMR, both at varying concentrations of added NaCl. Both surfactants affected the swelling of the copolymer gels similarly. When the surfactant concentration in the swelling medium was increased at low concentrations of added NaCl, a substantial swelling occurred at the cac, and the volume continued to increase up to a concentration just above the critical micellization concentration (cmc) for the free surfactant in the swelling medium. At higher concentrations of surfactant the gels started to deswell. At high contents of added NaCl (ca. 0.5 M and above), the swelling isotherm changed: The gels instead began to shrink at the cac, indicating a cross-linking of the PEO chains by the surfactant micelles. The gel volume went through a minimum when the ratio of PEO chains to bound micelles was approximately 2. At higher concentrations, the gel continued to swell until it was saturated with surfactant. The amount of bound surfactant at saturation increased with large amounts of added salt. The experiments in the presence of salt clearly showed that the binding of surfactant to the gels continues even at surfactant concentrations exceeding the cmc in the swelling medium.