gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic pelvic pain in women. (2008)

The etiology of chronic pelvic pain in women is poorly understood. Although a specific diagnosis is not found in the majority of cases, some common diagnoses include endometriosis, adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. The initial history and physical examination can narrow the diagnostic possibilities, guide any subsequent evaluation, and rule out malignancy or significant systemic disease. If the initial evaluation does not reveal a specific diagnosis, a limited laboratory and ultrasound evaluation can clarify the diagnosis, as well as rule out serious disease and reassure the patient. Few treatment modalities have demonstrated benefit for the symptoms of chronic pelvic pain. The evidence supports the use of oral medroxyprogesterone, goserelin, adhesiolysis for severe adhesions, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach for patients without a specific diagnosis. Less supporting evidence is available for oral analgesics, combined oral contraceptive pills, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, intramuscular medroxyprogesterone, trigger point and botulinum A toxin injections, neuromodulative therapies, and hysterectomy.
Specific Capture and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Viruses from Clinical Samples (2011)

Whole genome sequencing of viruses directly from clinical samples is integral for understanding the genetics of host-virus interactions. Here, we report the use of sample sparing target enrichment (by hybridisation) for viral nucleic acid separation and deep-sequencing of herpesvirus genomes directly from a range of clinical samples including saliva, blood, virus vesicles, cerebrospinal fluid, and tumour cell lines. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by deep-sequencing 13 highly cell-associated human herpesvirus genomes and generating full length genome alignments at high read depth. Moreover, we show the specificity of the method enables the study of viral population structures and their diversity within a range of clinical samples types.
Two-photon induced collagen cross-linking in bioartificial cardiac tissue (2011)

Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising strategy for regenerative therapies to overcome the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. Besides contractile function, the stiffness of tissue engineered constructs is crucial to generate transplantable tissue surrogates with sufficient mechanical stability to withstand the high pressure present in the heart. Although several collagen cross-linking techniques have proven to be efficient in stabilizing biomaterials, they cannot be applied to cardiac tissue engineering, as cell death occurs in the treated area. Here, we present a novel method using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses to increase the stiffness of collagen-based tissue constructs without impairing cell viability. Raster scanning of the fs laser beam over riboflavin-treated tissue induced collagen cross-linking by two-photon photosensitized singlet oxygen production. One day post-irradiation, stress-strain measurements revealed increased tissue stiffness by around 40% being dependent on the fibroblast content in the tissue. At the same time, cells remained viable and fully functional as demonstrated by fluorescence imaging of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial activity and preservation of active contraction force. Our results indicate that two-photon induced collagen cross-linking has great potential for studying and improving artificially engineered tissue for regenerative therapies.
Accountworks: Users Create Accounts on SQL, Notes, NT, and UNIX (1998)

Accountworks is a system which allows any employee at Sybase, Inc. to use a web form to create accounts for new employees. Every new hire gets a personal account in SQL, Notes, NT, and UNIX administrative domains. Accountworks also creates initial stub entries in our SQL personnel database. It allows the user to make a number of initial choices for their new employee, including access to popular applications and whether to use Notes or UNIX email. Typically all new accounts are available within four hours after the web form is submitted. The system operates 24 by 365 to support our worldwide infrastructure. When the accounts are created, it guarantees a consistent, unique login, UID (for UNIX), Firstname.Lastname record, and password across all domains. It went into full production in July 1997, and has been used to create 1900 new accounts since then. Because this paper is intended to help anyone tackling cross-domain account management problems, it describes the architecture of Accountworks, the process of building it, numerous design decisions, and future directions of the project. There are a number of itemized lists in this
Proteins from Human Granulocytes (1975)

A B S T R A, C T Human granulocytes contain several cationic proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 25,000, almost identical amino acid composition, and complete immunologic identity. These proteins possess a chymotrypsin-like protease activity at a neutral pH. The antibacterial activity of the cationic proteins has been studied. Bactericidal activities are found against both Gram-positive (Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) organisms. Gram-positive bacteria are, however, the most sensitive. The pHoptimum is near neutrality, and the microbicidal activity shows an inverse relationship to the ionic strength, indicating an ionic interaction between the cationic proteins and the bacterial surface. The microbicidal effect of the cationic proteins is generally independent of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the same proteins since the activity against several bacterial species is heat stable while the chymotrypsin-like activity is heat labile. The surface properties of S. aureus that are determined by protein A do not seem to influence the susceptibility to cationic proteins. The properties of the Gram-negative envelope of E. coli that determine the susceptibility to the lytic action of serum do not influence the sensitivity to the action of cationic proteins. The present study shows that cationic proteins of human granulocytes represent one potential microbicidal mechanism that is independent of hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase.
Sound−absorptive materials to meet special requirements (1975)

Bulk sound−absorbing materials are not suitable for many applications involving liquids, air flow, elevated temperature, vibration, and severe space limitations. In aircraft, all of these design constraints can occur together. The simplest alternative to the bulk absorber is the single−layer absorber, comprising a permeable facing sheet over a closed compartmented air space. Single−layer absorbers meet some of the above design requirements but their impedance versus frequency characteristic is inherently inferior to that of a good bulk absorber. A wide variety of improved absorption characteristics may be attained by utilizing more acoustical elements and parallel as well as series connections among the elements. The use of resistance paralleled by lumped inertance and resistance provides a facing sheet whose resistance increases with frequency while the positive reactance decreases. Dissimilar air cavities arranged compactly in parallel provide airspace reactance that remains near zero over a broad range of frequency. The cutoff characteristics of miniature acoustic horn arrays may be exploited to provide a duel−frequency range of absorption. The upper−frequency range resembles that of a single−layer absorber, whereas the low−frequency absorption occurs in a controllable region of considerable bandwidth. These novel sound−absorbing structures may provide practical solutions to such diverse problems as fan−jet engine buzzsaw noise, combustion noise, and noise due to cooling towers and car−wash installations.
The Porous Endocardial Electrode (1979)

The permanent endocardial electrode has exhibited the problems of dislodgement, excessive threshold rises and loss of sensing. These failure modes are addressed with a new electrode incorporating a porous body of Pt-Ir fibers with a fiber diameter of 20 micrometers and an overall density of 10%. Porous electrodes have the advantages of utilizing the electrode interior both for tissue ingrowth to improve anchoring and for electrolyte penetration which improves R wave amplitude and reduces polarization losses. A series of 20 porous electrodes was compared with 17 solid electrodes of similar dimension. Electrodes were implanted in dogs in the apex of the right ventricle, and were subsequently followed up to 210 days. Comparison of the electrode data revealed that the porous electrodes had a 40% reduction in chronic voltage thresholds and had an overall dislodgement rate of 10%, compared to 53% for the solid electrodes. Histological examination revealed tissue ingrowth throughout the electrode interior and a fibrotic capsule about half the thickness of the solid electrodes. R wave stability was enhanced with the porous electrode due to improved anchoring, reduction in slew rate changes and less R wave attenuation. Assuming results are translatable to humans, the porous electrode will provide a greater pacing safety margin when used with a standard demand pacemaker, or improved longevity with the same safety margin as solid electrodes if used with a programmable pacemaker. The incidence of dislodgement and sensing failure will also be diminished with the porous electrode.
Physiological, biochemical, and mathematical studies of micro‐aerobic continuous ethanol fermentation by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. III: Mathematical model of cellular energetics and catabolism (1990)

Mathematical models of the catabolic pathways, the utilization and waste of ATP, and the factors affecting yeast growth in a micro-aerobic chemostat are presented. The models incorporate the intracellular metabolite and enzyme activity assays performed in Part II to explain the unusual macroscopic chemostat behaviors reported in Part I. The catabolic model successfully predicts a maximum in the specific ethanol productivity as a function of the intracellular ATP concentration. The ATP balance model enables the prediction of the intracellular ATP concentration and the ATP yield for given dissolved oxygen concentrations. Finally, in the context of a growth model, singularity theory provides a framework to explain the transition observed in Part I between hysteresis and the monotonic biomass versus oxygenation profiles in response to changes in the nutrient composition. The models serve to organize data and to concretely express proposed metabolic mechanisms and cause-effect hypotheses. The model is only applicable to the micro-aerobic and excess glucose conditions encountered in this study.
Parental Perception Of The Importance Of The Primary Dentition And Children's Caries Experience (2000)

A cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain the relationship between parental oral health perception on the importance of the deciduous dentition and the dental caries status of their preschool children. Clinical oral examination of the preschool children was performed and self-administered questionnaires were given to the parents to be completed. Four hundred and eight preschool children were examined and 390 of their parents responded to the self-administered questionnaire. Those parents who brought their children for regular dental check-up at least once a year; favoured restorative treatment and practised tooth brushing habit before bedtime were more likely to have children with significantly lower mean 'dft' as well as higher proportions of caries free mouth (> 50 %). Those children who started early in practising tooth brushing also had better dental caries status but the differences were not significant. However, there were no significant and appreciable differences in their mean 'dft' with respect to the frequencies of tooth brushing per day. It was concluded that parents with better oral health perception as reflected by those parents who (a) practiced regular dental check-up for their children; (b) favoured restorative treatment for their children's decayed deciduous teeth; (c) ensured their children brushed their teeth before bedtime are associated with better dental caries status of their preschool children.
Transgenic tobacco cells producing the human monoclonal antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (2004)

The recombinant human monoclonal antibody (MAb) against hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) was expressed in tobacco suspension cultures. The parental CL4MAb was produced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed human cell line TAPC301-CL4. The CL4MAb cDNA was introduced into tobacco suspension cells by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), B294 and B303, which were derived from CL4 and subsequently produced in plant cells were selected for study. After purification on Protein A columns, B294 and B303 MAbs had anti-HBs relative affinity constants similar to the parental CL4MAb. B303 MAb interacted with cell surface HBsAgs and showed complement-dependent cytotoxicity in a manner that was similar to anti-HBs human immunoglobulins (HBIg) that are used clinically. The results of this study point to the feasibility of producing MAbs to HBsAg in plants as an alternative to HBIg.
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns: A Marker of Breast Cancer Risk (1993)

There is now a large amount of evidence showing that mammographic densities are an indicator of increased risk of breast cancer. There is as yet no generally agreed upon and recognized method of classifying these densities, although the available evidence shows that quantitative description of densities creates larger gradients of risk than Wolfe's classification and larger risk gradients than most other risk factors for breast cancer. It seems likely that improved methods of describing densities quantitatively, and possibly other methods of characterizing the tissue changes that are responsible for the densities, will allow greater discrimination. However, it is already clear that breast cancer develops in a large number of women who do not have radiologic changes indicating increased risk, and that it is unlikely that mammographic pattern, or any other risk factor for breast cancer identified to date, will be useful for the selection of women for mammographic screening. Although mammographic densities are associated with an increased risk of developing histologic changes that are risk factors for breast cancer, the histologic feature most consistently associated with mammographic densities is stromal fibrosis. We suggest that the relation between stromal fibrosis and risk of breast cancer can be explained by the known actions of a variety of growth factors that are thought to play a role in a number of aspects of breast development and carcinogenesis. The association between mammographic densities and several other risk factors for breast cancer suggests that these factors may also modulate the activity of growth factors in breast tissue, and that this may be the means by which they influence breast cancer risk. Further research is needed to determine whether differences in the activity of growth factors in breast tissue can be found in association with radiologic and other risk factors for breast cancer. The available evidence indicates, therefore, that mammographic parenchymal patterns do, at least in part, meet the criteria outlined in the introduction of this paper. Some mammographic appearances are associated with a substantial increase in the risk of breast cancer, and, as shown by observations on the effects of hormone use, are capable of change. Mammographic densities have also been found to be associated with biochemical characteristics of possible relevance to carcinogenesis. The appearances that are related to risk may, therefore, be most useful as a means of investigating the etiology of breast cancer and of testing hypotheses about potential preventive strategies.
Low power transverse optical bistability near bound excitons in cadmium sulfide (1984)

We report the observation of cw transverse optical bistability without power hysteresis at 1-mW power levels in uncoated cadmium sulfide platelets. Optically induced refractive index changes as large as 0.15 are deduced from measurements of the transverse spatial ring profile.
Role of immune cells in animal models for inherited neuropathies: facts and visions* (2002)

Mice heterozygously deficient in the peripheral myelin adhesion molecule P0 (P0+/- mice) are models for some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies. In addition to the characteristic hallmarks of demyelination, elevated numbers of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes and F4/80-positive macrophages are striking features in the nerves of these mice. These immune cells increase in number with age and progress of demyelination, suggesting that they might be functionally related to myelin damage. In order to investigate the pathogenetic role of lymphocytes, the myelin mutants were cross-bred with recombination activating gene 1 (RAG-1)-deficient mice, which lack mature T- and B-lymphocytes. The immunodeficient myelin mutants showed a less severe myelin degeneration. The beneficial effect of lymphocyte-deficiency was reversible, since demyelination worsened in immunodeficient myelin-mutants when reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed macrophages in close apposition to myelin and demyelinated axons. We therefore cross-bred the P0+/- mice with spontaneous osteopetrotic (op) mutants deficient in the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), hence displaying impaired macrophage activation. In the corresponding double mutants the numbers of macrophages were not elevated in the peripheral nerves, and the demyelinating phenotype was less severe than in the genuine P0+/- mice, demonstrating that macrophages are also functionally involved in the pathogenesis of genetically mediated demyelination. We also examined other models for inherited neuropathies for a possible involvement of immune cells. We chose mice deficient in the gap junction component connexin 32, a model for the X-linked form of CMT. Similar to P0-deficient mice, T-lymphocytes and macrophages were elevated and macrophages showed a close apposition to degenerating myelin. We conclude that the involvement of T-lymphocytes and macrophages is a common pathogenetic feature in various forms of slowly progressive inherited neuropathies.
Centrosome defects and genetic instability in malignant tumors. (1998)

Genetic instability is a common feature of many human cancers. This condition is frequently characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes, although little is known about the mechanism that generates this altered genetic state. One possibility is that chromosomes are missegregated during mitosis due to the assembly of dysfunctional mitotic spindles. Because centrosomes are involved in spindle assembly, they could contribute to chromosome missegregation through the organization of aberrant spindles. As an initial test of this idea, we examined malignant tumors for centrosome abnormalities using antibodies to the centrosome protein pericentrin. We found that centrosomes in nearly all tumors and tumor-derived cell lines were atypical in shape, size, and composition and were often present in multiple copies. In addition, virtually all pericentrin-staining structures in tumor cells nucleated microtubules, and they participated in formation of disorganized mitotic spindles, upon which chromosomes were missegregated. All tumor cell lines had both centrosome defects and abnormal chromosome numbers, whereas neither was observed in nontumor cells. These results indicate that centrosome defects are a common feature of malignant tumors and suggest that they may contribute to genetic instability in cancer.
Rapid encoding of new information alters the profile of plasticity-related mRNA transcripts in the hippocampal CA3 region (2008)

A theoretical framework for the function of the medial temporal lobe system in memory defines differential contributions of the hippocampal subregions with regard to pattern recognition retrieval processes and encoding of new information. To investigate molecular programs of relevance, we designed a spatial learning protocol to engage a pattern separation function to encode new information. After background training, two groups of animals experienced the same new training in a novel environment; however, only one group was provided spatial information and demonstrated spatial memory in a retention test. Global transcriptional analysis of the microdissected subregions of the hippocampus exposed a CA3 pattern that was sufficient to clearly segregate spatial learning animals from control. Individual gene and functional group analysis anchored these results to previous work in neural plasticity. From a multitude of expression changes, increases in camk2a, rasgrp1, and nlgn1 were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of nlgn1 within the CA3 subregion impaired spatial memory performance, pointing to mechanisms of synaptic remodeling as a basis for rapid encoding of new information in long-term memory.
L 1 FePt-oxide columnar perpendicular media with high coercivity and small grain size (2008)

Perpendicular L10 ordered FePt-oxide two-phase thin films with an average grain size of ∼7nm were prepared by alternate sputtering of FePt and oxide at 475°C. Very uniform and well-isolated columnar grains were obtained with coercivity as high as 7kOe. It is found that the texture of thin films depends greatly on the thickness of FePt; SiO2 works better than MgO as the amorphous oxide, which provides for magnetic isolation of the FePt grains. The coercivity of the films rises with increasing grain size and thinner alternately sputtered single layers. Reducing the grain size to ∼2.9nm produces granular grains with a coercivity of 3.5kOe.
Characterization of PPT <sub>Ns</sub> , a Cyanobacterial Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase from <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> NSOR10 (2007)

The phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTs) are a superfamily of essential enzymes required for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds, including fatty acids, polyketides, and nonribosomal peptide metabolites. These enzymes activate carrier proteins in specific biosynthetic pathways by transfer of a phosphopantetheinyl moiety. The diverse PPT superfamily can be divided into two families based on specificity and conserved sequence motifs. The first family is typified by the Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS), which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. The prototype of the second family is the broad-substrate-range PPT Sfp, which is required for surfactin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Most cyanobacteria do not encode an AcpS-like PPT, and furthermore, some of their Sfp-like PPTs belong to a unique phylogenetic subgroup defined by the PPTs involved in heterocyst differentiation. Here, we describe the first functional characterization of a cyanobacterial PPT based on a structural analysis and subsequent functional analysis of the Nodularia spumigena NSOR10 PPT. Southern hybridizations suggested that this enzyme may be the only PPT encoded in the N. spumigena NSOR10 genome. Expression and enzyme characterization showed that this PPT was capable of modifying carrier proteins resulting from both heterocyst glycoplipid synthesis and nodularin toxin synthesis. Cyanobacteria are a unique and vast source of bioactive metabolites; therefore, an understanding of cyanobacterial PPTs is important in order to harness the biotechnological potential of cyanobacterial natural products.