gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phorbol Ester Induction of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Transcription Is Mediated by Egr-1 and AP-1 in Human Endothelial Cells via ERK1/2 Pathway (2002)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that plays a major role in vasoactive peptide metabolism, and it has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, has been shown to increase ACE mRNA at the transcriptional level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We have investigated the transcriptional mechanism involved in protein kinase C induction of the ACE gene. Deletion and transfection analyses have revealed that two regions are required for PMA-inducible gene expression. The first is a G+C-rich region located in the proximal ACE promoter bearing overlapping consensus recognition sequences for stimulatory protein-1 (Sp1) and early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift experiments have shown that Egr-1 is present in the specific nucleoprotein complex induced by PMA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The second region is located in the distal ACE promoter. DNase I footprinting analysis restricted this region to a 21-bp element containing a cAMP-responsive element/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element sequence. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift analyses have revealed that activating protein 1 (AP-1) is the transcription factor binding the cAMP-responsive element/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element located in the ACE promoter after PMA stimulation. Mutations of either Egr-1 or AP-1 binding sites partially abrogate ACE expression induced by PMA, whereas mutation of both sites totally abrogates PMA-induced ACE expression. Treatment of cells with PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1-specific inhibitor, inhibited PMA-induced ACE expression. Our results demonstrate that the two transcription factors, Egr-1 and AP-1, are involved in the PMA-induced ACE transcriptional activation in human endothelial cells via the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway.
Simulations of the positioning accuracyofintegrated vehicular navigation systems (1996)

The positioning performance of vehicular navigation systems based on a differential Global Position System (DGPS), dead-reckoning (DR), map matching (MM) and Kalman filter technologies are simulated. The vehicular navigation system using a 10-state extended Kalman filter to combine DGPS and DR can improve positioning accuracy. When DGPS signal obscuring occurs in the urban environment, DR with a map matching process can supplementally provide an accurate position for the vehicle. The simulation results of the paper can be used as a reference for the design, implementation and field tests of vehicular navigation systems.
Effects of Aeration Period on Modified Aeration (1958)

Owls Head plant of New York City's sewage system uses Modified Aeration process; first four years of operation described; plant operation tested; effects of aeration period are evaluated; region of operation for modified aeration process from aero detention time to minimum necessary full treatment is defined; tables of results given.
The Microenvironment of the Human Antral Follicle: Interrelationships among the Steroid Levels in Antral Fluid, the Population of Granulosa Cells, and the Status of the Oocyte in Vivo and in Vitro * (1979)

A number of parameters in human antral follicles were investigated. They were: the number of granulosa cells in each follicle; the concentrations of progesterone, androstenedi-one, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, and 17β-estra-diol in antral fluid; and the status of the oocyte immediately after removal from the follicle and again after 48 h in culture. In addition, the phase of the menstrual cycle at the time of ovariectomy and the diameter of each dissected follicle were recorded. The number of granulosa cells present in each follicle and the viability of the oocyte before culture as well as its subsequent in vitro behavior were correlated with the concentration of estra-diol and⁄or the ratio of androgen to estrogen in antral fluid. It is tentatively suggested that follicles with a potential for further development are those with 1) more than 50‰ of their full complement of granulosa cells for their respective diameters, 2) high concentrations of 17β-estradiol (≥1000 ng⁄ml) in their antral fluid and⁄or granulosa cells with the capacity to generate this steroid in response to FSH, and 3) a germinal vesicle stage oocyte which appears healthy at the dissecting microscope level. Follicles incapable of further development are suggested to be those containing 1) less than 50‰ of their full complement of granulosa cells for their respective diameters and 2) low concentrations of 17β-estradiol in their antral fluid and granulosa cells incapable of responding to FSH to generate high levels of intra-follicular estradiol. Many of these follicles are likely to contain degenerating oocytes and⁄or one that is incapable of meiotic maturation invitro. The incidence of antral follicle atresia in human ovaries at every stage of the menstrual cycle was high, since approximately 90‰ of follicles ≥1mm in diameter were undergoing some kind of degeneration, as assessed by the number of granulosa cells per follicle diameter and the viability of the oocyte at recovery. During the menstrual cycle, it was estimated that only one, or in some cases two, antral follicles continued to generate a full complement of granulosa cells after reaching a diameter of ∽4 mm. In addition, it was concluded that the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is associated with the relatively late stages of development of the ovulatory follicle, since the largest nona-tretic follicle at the onset of the follicular phase had attained a diameter of 4 mm. These data provide tentative criteria for a functional assessment of growth and atresia of human antral follicles. Moreover, they add further evidence to suggest that the hormonal microen-vironment of the follicle is a key factor in determining its subsequent development.
Personalized treatment planning with a model of radiation therapy outcomes for use in multiobjective optimization of IMRT plans for prostate cancer (2016)

The radiation therapy model proposed has integrated a number of different physical, biological and clinical models into a more comprehensive model. It illustrates a number of the critical aspects of treatment planning that can be improved and represents a more detailed description of the therapy process. A Markov model was implemented to provide a stronger connection between dosimetric variables and clinical outcomes and could provide a practical, quantitative method for making difficult clinical decisions.
Using eggshell as a filler in elastomeric compounds: effect of incubation period on its performance toward elastomers (2008)

Abstract The effect of incubation period and the presence of organic membrane on eggshell activity toward elastomers (NBR, NR and SBR) has been investigated. After hatching eggshell (AHES) showed enhanced mechanical properties when compared to before hatching eggshell (BHES) and calcium carbonate. Compounds containing BHES powder also showed good mechanical properties. Both types of eggshells reduced optimum curing time of the compounds. This trend was more considerable in NBR compound. The improvement of mechanical properties of the compounds attributed to elemental composition and higher specific area of AHES. The results of this study showed both before hatching and after hatching eggshell can be used in elastomeric compound as a bio-filler
Reconfigurable systolic architectures for hashing (2002)

The authors develop a novel technique in which concepts of both bucketing and open addressing schemes are modified in such a manner that they can be suitable for VLSI/WSI implementation, namely, dynamically reconfigurable hash tables. In this method, finite storage is allocated for each bucket. Instead of searching the entire table or a part of the table for an empty storage place, the overflowing synonyms are inserted into the successor's bucket (next to the home bucket). If the successor's bucket overflows, the same technique is repeated until the table is stable. The host bucket takes care of all the relative operations for its guest items. As soon as an empty place arises in the original bucket, the host bucket returns the guest element to the original bucket: in essence, dynamically variable capacity buckets have been created. These buckets are designed using systolic arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Design for Power Quality of Electric Railway (2006)

This paper presents the optimal design to reduce harmonics on the electric railway system. The optimal location and parameters of the RC-bank are designed. Establishing the RC-bank at SP is most profitable on the harmonic control side and the economic performance side as preventive equipment against high-harmonic order. The most suitable values are R value 550 Omega and C value 0.30 muF as the design parameters of the RC-bank
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF MICROCALCIFICATIONS IN MAMMOGRAPHY (1993)

Computer-assisted detection of microcalcifications in mammographic images will likely require a multistage algorithm that includes segmentation of possible microcalcifications, pattern recognition techniques to classify the segmented objects, a method to determine if a cluster of calcifications exists, and possibly a method to determine the probability of malignancy. This paper focuses on the first three of these stages, and especially on the classification of segmented local bright spots as either calcification or noncalcification. Seven classifiers (linear and quadratic classifiers, binary decision trees, a standard backpropagation network, 2 dynamic neural networks, and a K-nearest neighbor) are compared. In addition, a postprocessing step is performed on objects identified as calcifications by the classifiers to determine if any clusters of microcalcifications exist. A database of digitized film mammograms is used for training and testing. Detection accuracy of individual and clustered microcalcifications is compared across the seven methods using area under the ROC curve as a figure of merit.
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the human IFN-gamma receptor. (1988)

Purified preparations of the human IFN-gamma R derived from placental membranes were used to produce receptor-specific murine mAb. Supernatants from growth-positive wells were screened for their ability to block binding of 125I-IFN-gamma to human placental membranes. Ten inhibitory cultures were identified. Two of these (GIR-208 and GIR-301) abrogated all binding of radioligand to either intact placental membranes or soluble, purified IFN-gamma R. Three others (GIR-72, 76 and 94) showed moderate blocking activity (65, 59, and 49%, respectively) whereas the remaining five (GIR-57, 67, 83, 109, and 153) blocked binding to a low but significant extent (20 to 40%). Specificity experiments demonstrated that the antibodies reacted with the receptor and not the ligand (IFN-gamma). None of the antibodies reacted with IFN-gamma by ELISA. Moreover, GIR-208 and GIR-301, but not isotype-matched controls, identified the receptor by Western blot analysis. GIR-208 and GIR-301 also completely abrogated binding of 125I-IFN-gamma to either mononuclear phagocytes (U937) or human fibroblasts (WISH). Competition experiments revealed that GIR-208 and GIR-301 recognized similar epitopes on the IFN-gamma R and that these (or this) epitopes were identical to or linked to the ligand binding site of the receptor. In addition, both antibodies inhibited development of IFN-gamma-dependent anti-viral activity in WISH cells in a dose-dependent fashion. These data thus indicate that the IFN-gamma R expressed on human placental cells, mononuclear phagocytes, and fibroblasts are similar.
Interactions between metals and carbon nanotubes: at the interface between old and new materials (2009)

The article reviews the interaction between crystalline metals and carbon nanotubes in nanocomposite systems. Starting with an introduction to the chemical interaction between metal atoms and graphitic layers, an overview of the fields of nanotechnology is given where metal-carbon interaction comes into play. The interface between metals and carbon nanotubes is of interest in junctions between nanotubes and their periphery, for example in metallic contacts for electronic devices or in metal supports for carbon nanotube components. Furthermore, metals determine the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes. The behaviour of individual metal atoms in or on carbon nanotubes is treated as well as the interaction between crystalline metals and nanotube surfaces. Emphasis is put on the common mechanisms of metal-carbon interaction that play a role in such different fields as the electrical transport through a metal-nanotube contact or the catalytic growth of nanotubes from metal particles.
Synthesis of Biaryls and Polyaryls by Ligand-Free Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Phase (2006)

A highly efficient palladium acetate-catalyzed ligand-free Suzuki reaction in aqueous phase was developed in short reaction times (0.5-1 h) at 35 degrees C in air. The key for such a successful catalytic system was the use of a suitable amount of cosolvents in the aqueous phase. The method could be extended to the consecutive multi-Suzuki coupling, and polyaryls were prepared in a single one-pot step in high selectivity and excellent yield under mild reaction conditions (60 degrees C).
Design of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator with Wide-Band High-PSR Characteristic (2006)

Utilizing a novel unit-gain compensation cell (UGCC) to perform frequency compensation and power supply rejection (PSR) enhancement, a low-voltage high-PSR low-dropout regulator (LDO) is presented in this paper. The proposed UGCC, consisting of a 1 pF on-chip capacitor and six transistors, effectively overcomes the drawbacks that exist in the conventional compensation schemes by generating an internal low-frequency zero. A LDO that adopts this new structure is implemented and simulated using a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process. Simulation results show that the circuit can work properly when the supply voltage is as low as 1.2 V. The PSR over the frequency range of dc to 1 GHz is better than -40dB in all cases at 1.2 V supply voltage. The dropout voltage is 200 mV when the load current is 100mA. Therefore, it is well suited for low-voltage ripple-sensitive applications
Ultrasonic tissue characterization of human hypertrophied hearts in vivo with cardiac cycle-dependent variation in integrated backscatter. (1989)

Integrated ultrasonic backscatter (IB) is a noninvasive measure of the acoustic properties of myocardium. Previous experimental studies have indicated that altered acoustic properties of the myocardium are reflected by the magnitude of variation of IB during the cardiac cycle. In our study, cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was noninvasively measured using a quantitative IB imaging system in 12 patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy and 13 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sixteen normal subjects served as a control. The magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB for the posterior wall was 6.0 +/- 0.9 dB in normal subjects, 5.7 +/- 0.8 dB in the patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy, and 6.7 +/- 2.1 dB in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There were no significant differences among any of these groups. In contrast, the magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB for the septum was significantly smaller in the patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy (2.8 +/- 1.3 dB) and in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3.1 +/- 2.3 dB) than in normal subjects (4.9 +/- 1.0 dB). The magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was smaller as the wall-thickness index increased (r = -0.53, p less than 0.01, n = 82 for all data). This IB measure also correlated with percent-systolic thickening of the myocardium (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01, n = 82). Thus, alteration in the magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was observed in hypertrophic hearts and showed apparent regional myocardial differences.
Architectures and handoff schemes for CATV-based personal communications network (2002)

The initial cost to provide personal communications services (PCS) based on the conventional networks is relative high. As the radio cells move toward smaller size, the traditional procedures for call setup and control are not suitable well due to the high handoff frequency. The cable TV (CATV) network is one of the most attractive backbones for PCS due to its prevalent and broadcast nature. This significantly reduces the implementation costs and the handoff overheads. This paper proposes two architectures for the CATV-based PCS system. In the first architecture, each base station is equipped with multiple fixed receivers to provide fast and seamless handoffs for mobile terminals. Nevertheless, it suffers from the expensive hardware cost. In the second architecture, each base station is only equipped with one tunable receiver. This simple and economic architecture suffers from the possibility of offset conflict when mobile terminals handoff between the cells. Three channel allocation algorithms are proposed to resolve the offset conflict problem. Simulation results indicate the one with the concept of clustering performs much better than the other two schemes in terms of offset conflict probability.
The Internet: Past, Present and Future (1996)

If one were to suggest one single occurrence which led to the creation of the Internet, it would be the Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957. This seminal incident in space exploration caused then American President Dwight David Eisenhower to appoint MIT President James A. Killian as a presidential assistant for science, and subsequently sparked the creation of a new department within the Department of Defense, named the Advanced Research Projects Agency (AFU'A).2 ARPA was the answer to the rising American Cold War paranoia about military inferiority, fuelled not least by the Sputnik success. The agency was designed to perform long term high riskhigh payoff research and development, and in this context placed great emphasis on the development ' of the at that time fledgling computer technology. It was felt by ARPA that too many resources had been allocated by public and private research in order to procure short-term advances in computer hardware and software. Instead, the Agency realized that machines needed greater capa-
Characterization of defects in photovoltaics using thermoreflectance and electroluminescence imaging (2010)

Thermal and electroluminescence (EL) imaging techniques are widely accepted as powerful tools for analyzing solar cells. We have identified and characterized various defects in photovoltaic devices with sub-micron spatial resolution using a novel thermoreflectance imaging technique that can simultaneously obtain thermal and EL images with a mega-pixel silicon-based CCD. Linear and non-linear shunt defects are investigated as well as electroluminescent breakdown regions at reverse biases as low as -5V. Pre-breakdown sites with electroluminescence are observed. The wavelength flexibility of thermoreflectance imaging is explored and thermal images of sub-micrometer defects are obtained through glass that would typically be opaque for infrared light. Image sequences show a 10μs thermal transient response of a 15μm defect in a polysilicon solar cell. Nanosecond reverse bias voltage pulses are used to detect breakdown regions in thin-film a-Si solar cells with EL.
The multisubunit chloroplast RNA polymerase A from mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.) (2000)

We previously identified two multisubunit plastid RNA polymerases termed A and B. The B enzyme has a bacterial-type polypeptide composition and is sensitive to the prokaryotic transcription inhibitor rifampicin (Rif); the A enzyme has a more complex subunit structure and is Rif-resistant. Here we report results of N-terminal sequencing and MS carried out with the A enzyme, which establish that the latter contains rpo gene products and is structurally related to the B enzyme. Furthermore, evidence is provided that the A enzyme can be converted into a Rif-sensitive enzyme form in a phosphorylation-dependent manner in vitro by a treatment that results in depletion of a beta-like subunit. Database searches using sequence information derived from additional polypeptides that are present in purified A preparations revealed sequence similarity with chloroplast proteins involved in RNA processing and redox control. This proteomics approach thus points to the complexity of the chloroplast transcription apparatus and its interconnections with post-transcriptional and signalling mechanisms.
A two-layer photoresist process for patterning high-reflectivity substrates (1983)

A two-layer photoresist process is reported where the lower layer is thick PMMA, a resist sensitive in the deep UV, and the top layer is thin RD2000N, a negative resist also sensitive in the deep UV. The thick PMMA serves to planarize substrate topography. The high absorptivity of RD2000N in the deep UV prevents transmission of light to the PMMA thus enabling its use in a bilayer scheme, and therefore also eliminates the problem of substrate reflectivity even for aluminum-coated substrates. In addition, interfacial problems which were commonly found in an all positive two-level photoresist process, were not observed in this scheme. The bilayer resist was used to pattern aluminum substrates having device topography. Excellent linewidth control was observed over steps, with no observable effect due to substrate reflectivity. In addition, due to the excellent resistance of RD2000N to chlorine plasmas, the entire bilayer resist structure is well preserved after aluminum etching. This bilayer scheme holds promise to solve the problems associated with substrate reflectivity and resist erosion which affect linewidth control during the aluminum patterning step in device fabrication. Future development of deep UV optics for the step and repeat projection printers could also take advantage of such a bilayer scheme to achieve submicron resolution capability.
The anti-aging, metabolism potential of SIRT1. (2008)

SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) is the human ortholog of the yeast Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) protein, which is implicated in lifespan extension in model organisms, such as yeast, worms and flies. It is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase with over two dozen known substrates that affect a wide variety of cellular processes, ranging from metabolism, cell cycle, growth and differentiation, inflammation, senescence, apoptosis, stress response and aging. Even though SIRT1 has been linked to calorie restriction-mediated longevity in model organisms, the mechanism by which it extends lifespan in mammals is not fully understood. A growing body of evidence suggests a role of SIRT1 in maintaining energy and nutrient homeostasis, thereby linking its anti-aging property to its role in metabolism.