gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus infection in Richter's transformation (1999)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may convert to a diffuse large cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome) over time. In occasional cases of Richter's transformation, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been identified in the lymphoma cells. To evaluate the association of EBV infection with Richter's syndrome, the biopsy specimens and clinical records of 25 patients who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1984-1996 were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of EBV by immunoperoxidase staining for expression of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP), as well as the expression of EBV RNA and DNA in the cells by in situ hybridization. Four of the 25 patients showed evidence of EBV in the diffuse large cell lymphoma cells-three patients with a B-cell phenotype were positive for LMP, EBV DNA, and RNA; and one patient with a T-cell phenotype had positive EBV RNA in the large cell lymphoma cells. The Richter's syndrome was treated with combination chemotherapy in 15 patients, three received radiotherapy, three were followed without further therapy after a splenectomy, two died before treatment could be started, and one patient had insufficient follow-up. One patient with evidence of EBV in large cell lymphoma cells was treated with acyclovir as initial therapy. The median survival of EBV-positive patients was three months compared with nine months for EBV-negative patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.385). Evidence for EBV infection related to Richter's transformation was present in 16% of the patients in this study and may be associated with a poorer outcome. Primary therapy with acyclovir in one patient did not seem to be beneficial and other therapeutic modalities in patients with EBV-positive Richter's transformation need to be explored.
Melatonin ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis through suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (2001)

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a pineal neurohormone, is a hydroxyl radical scavenger and antioxidant, and plays an important role in the immune system. We studied the effect of exogenous melatonin on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with rat spinal cord homogenates. Subsequent oral administration of melatonin at 5 mg/kg significantly reduced the clinical severity of EAE paralysis compared with administration of the vehicle alone (p<0.01). Infiltration of ED1+ macrophages and CD4+ T cells into spinal cords occurred both in the absence and presence of melatonin treatment, but melatonin-treated rats had less spinal cord infiltration of inflammatory cells than did the control group. ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in the blood vessels of EAE lesions was decreased in melatonin-treated rats compared to vehicle-treated rats. These findings suggest that exogenous melatonin ameliorates EAE via a mechanism involving reduced expression of ICAM-1 and lymphocyte function associated antigen-1a in autoimmune target organs.
Purification and characterization of an inducible p-coumaric acid decarboxylase from Lactobacillus plantarum (1997)

Lactobacillus plantarum cells displayed substrate-inducible decarboxylase activities on p-coumaric and ferulic acids of 0.6 and 0.01 Wmol min 31 mg 31 , respectively.Activity in uninduced cells or corresponding cell extracts was undetectable ( 6 10 34 Wmol min 31 mg 31 ).Specificity of induction indicates that at least two phenolic acid decarboxylases are produced in this bacterium.SDS-PAGE of partially purified protein extract from p-coumaric acid-induced cells showed one band of 23.5 kDa that was absent in the extract from uninduced cells.The native molecular mass of 93 kDa indicates that the enzyme is a homotetramer.The 1276-fold purified enzyme had a K m of 1.4 mM, a V m of about 766 Wmol min 31 mg 31 , and a K cat of 10 3 s 31 for p-coumaric and caffeic acids, but did not display any detectable activity on ferulic acid.Maximum activity was at 30C, at pH 5.5^6.Cofactors or metal ions were not required for activity.
Gradients in stomatal conductance, xylem sap ABA and bulk leaf ABA along canes of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz: molecular and physiological studies investigating their source (2004)

Gradients were observed in xylem sap ABA and in stomatal conductance along canes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz. To investigate the source of the ABA responsible for these gradients a series of girdling and decapitation experiments were carried out. Leaf stomatal conductance and bulk ABA of leaves and apices were measured in control plants and in response to apex removal or girdling. Gradients in leaf ABA were observed over the first eight expanded leaves of field-grown Shiraz, with higher concentrations of ABA observed towards the apex. Gradients in stomatal conductance that correlated negatively with the concentration of ABA in the leaf ([ABA]<sub>leaf</sub>) were also observed over the first eight leaves. No significant effect of decapitation was observed on either leaf ABA or stomatal conductance except for the leaf immediately below the apex where a transient increase in [ABA]<sub>leaf</sub> was observed after 24 h with no corresponding decrease in conductance. Girdling resulted in an increase in [ABA]<sub>leaf</sub> in leaves distal to the girdle without the corresponding effect on conductance. These effects were further studied at the level of gene activity. To facilitate this, gene sequences encoding two key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ABA in grape, zeaxanthin epoxidase (Zep) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), were isolated and characterised. The cDNA sequences were used as probes to measure the abundances of their respective mRNAs in the leaf and apical material. Levels of expression of one of the two genes encoding NCED, VvNCED1, reflected the gradients in [ABA]<sub>leaf</sub> in control vines, however treatment-induced changes in ABA were not always associated with corresponding changes in VvNCED1 expression. The abundances of both the VvNCED2 mRNA and Zep mRNA increased with increasing leaf age and did not appear to be associated with either the [ABA]<sub>leaf</sub> or the expression of VvNCED1.
Psittacid Herpesvirus 1 and Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus: Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of Two Avian Alphaherpesviruses (2006)

Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (PsHV-1) is the causative agent of Pacheco's disease, an acute, highly contagious, and potentially lethal respiratory herpesvirus infection in psittacine birds, while infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a highly contagious and economically significant avian herpesvirus which is responsible for an acute respiratory disease limited to galliform birds. The complete genome sequence of PsHV-1 has been determined and compared to the ILTV sequence, assembled from published data. The PsHV-1 and ILTV genomes exhibit similar structural characteristics and are 163,025 bp and 148,665 bp in length, respectively. The PsHV-1 genome contains 73 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), while the ILTV genome contains 77 predicted ORFs. Both genomes contain an inversion in the unique long region similar to that observed in pseudorabies virus. PsHV-1 is closely related to ILTV, and it is proposed that it be assigned to the Iltovirus genus. These two avian herpesviruses represent a phylogenetically unique clade of alphaherpesviruses that are distinct from the Marek's disease-like viruses (Mardivirus). The determination of the complete genomic nucleotide sequences of PsHV-1 and ILTV provides a tool for further comparative and functional analysis of this unique class of avian alphaherpesviruses.
A Waveform for 5G: Guard Interval DFT-s-OFDM (2015)

Delay spread can be detrimental to communication systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)/Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s- OFDM) based systems (for e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiFi, etc.) tackle delay spread by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) before the start of the OFDM symbol. The duration of the CP is pre-determined and is set according to channel delay spread characteristics or to fit a certain frame duration. Moreover, the CP does not carry any useful data and represents an overhead that needs to be minimized. In this paper, we propose the use of DFT-s-OFDM with flexible, configurable guard interval (GI) of variable size. We call the resulting waveform GI-DFT-s-OFDM. The length of the GI can be adjusted to accommodate the maximum delay spread in a given scenario or for a particular user (UE). Additionally, the GI may carry a sequence that can be used for time/frequency synchronization. We also discuss system design based on GI-DFT-s-OFDM, giving possible options for the GI sequence. The proposed waveform has good Peak-to- Average Power Ratio (PAPR) with out-of-band emissions similar to OFDM/DFT-s-OFDM.
Metabolic fate of radiolabeled palmitate in ischemic canine myocardium: implications for positron emission tomography. (1987)

Interpretation of dynamic and integrated myocardial tomograms requires elucidation of the biochemical fate of the tracer and characterization of its tissue distribution and rate of efflux. The fate of [1-11C] and [1-14C]palmitate was studied in 13 open-chest dogs during control or ischemic extracorporeal perfusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. Residue detection of myocardial radioactivity, and radio-biochemical analyses of sequential transmural biopsies and arterial and coronary venous effluent were performed for 30 min after intracoronary bolus administration of tracer. In control hearts, 10.3% of initially extracted tracer was retained in tissue (2.9% in triglyceride, 3.5% in phospholipid, and 3.9% in other lipid and aqueous fractions), 73.7% was oxidized, and 16.1% back-diffused unaltered. With ischemia (pump flow 10% of normal), 28.1% was retained (18% in triglyceride, 6.0% in phospholipid, and 4.1% in other lipid and aqueous fractions), 27.2% was oxidized, and 44.4% back diffused (p less than 0.05 compared to control). Throughout the 30-min study interval, triglyceride, diglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid comprised a significantly greater fraction of initially extracted radioactivity in ischemic than in control hearts. Thus, during ischemia externally detected clearance rates cannot be used as a direct measure of fatty acid metabolism because of marked influences on efflux of nonmetabolized radiolabeled palmitate and the distribution of tracer retained in tissue. Quantitative measurements of specific metabolic processes by tomography will require development and validation of tracers confined to individual metabolic pathways or pools.
Multi-mode, multi-band RF transceiver circuits for mobile terminals in deep-submicron CMOS processes (2005)

Circuit design techniques, architectures and characterization results for RF and analog circuits for multi-mode, multi-band single-chip RF transceivers are presented. Critical RF and analog design parameters are derived for direct conversion multi-mode transceivers based on UMTS and GSM/DCS/PCS standards. Discrete component specifications are derived based on the linearity and noise figure of the channel. A wideband, high dynamic range continuous-time baseband /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ A/D converter, for fully integrated direct-conversion RF transceivers is presented. RF frequency synthesizers with multi-band VCOs, spanning more than 500 MHz center frequency range, and with low phase noise, are introduced.
A monoclonal antibody directed to N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2 leads to 6-galactosyl residue in gangliosides and glycoproteins. (1983)

A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal antibody directed to N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2 leads to 6-galactosyl residue has been established. The antibody is IgG2b and reacts only with lacto-series gangliosides as well as with glycoproteins having an N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2 leads to 6-galactosyl residue, but does not react with gangliosides or glycoproteins having an N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2 leads to 3- or -alpha 2 leads to 4-galactosyl residue. The antibody is useful for detecting the specific carbohydrate chain having this terminal structure by immunostaining of glycolipids separated on thin layer chromatography or glycoproteins separated on gel electrophoresis after blotting on nitrocellulose sheet. A remarkable accumulation of a few gangliosides having this terminal structure has been detected by this monoclonal antibody in some human cancer.
Synthetic Seismogram Calculations for Two-Dimensional Velocity Models. (1983)

Abstract : A variety of synthetic seismogram methods for laterally heterogeneous earth models have been developed and tested. Explicit finite difference methods for elastic wave propagation generally display high accuracy, but are limited in their application due to extensive computer time and storage requirements. Implicit finite difference methods may be able to realize a factor of eight improvement in computer time and factor of four improvement in computer storage requirements as compared to explicit methods. The implicit methods of synthetic seismogram calculation are less well developed and are more difficult in the application of absorbing boundary conditions. Approximate methods using the scalar wave equation may also be useful for preliminary modeling of seismic data. A ray-theoretical method using ray tracing and disk ray theory (DRT) synthetic seismogram synthesis has been developed and compared to calculations using reflectivity (for 1-D) and finite difference (for 2-D) methods. The DRT method is fast and reasonably accurate making it very useful for routine modeling of 2-D seismic data. Its principal problem is the difficulty in tracing rays in certain complex geologic models. Various calculations of synthetic seismograms in laterally heterogeneous model sand comparison with homogeneous models indicate the importance of including lateral heterogeneity, elastic wave propagation, proper source design and absorption in seismic modeling. (Author)
Identification and Classification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Expression Profiling on a Global Human 31,500-Element cDNA Array (2001)

We investigated the changes in gene expression accompanying the development and progression of kidney cancer by use of 31,500-element complementary DNA arrays. We measured expression profiles for paired neoplastic and noncancerous renal epithelium samples from 37 individuals. Using an experimental design optimized for factoring out technological and biological noise, and an adapted statistical test, we found 1738 differentially expressed cDNAs with an expected number of six false positives. Functional annotation of these genes provided views of the changes in the activities of specific biological pathways in renal cancer. Cell adhesion, signal transduction, and nucleotide metabolism were among the biological processes with a large proportion of genes overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. Down-regulated pathways in the kidney tumor cells included small molecule transport, ion homeostasis, and oxygen and radical metabolism. Our expression profiling data uncovered gene expression changes shared with other epithelial tumors, as well as a unique signature for renal cell carcinoma. [Expression data for the differentially expressed cDNAs are available as a Web supplement at http://www.dkfz-heidelberg.de/abt0840/whuber/rcc . The array data have been submitted to the GEO data repository under accession no. GSE3.]
Oxidation Kinetics of Aluminum Nitride (1990)

Thermal oxidation kinetics of aluminum nitride (AlN) powders, having fine‐ and coarse‐particle‐size distributions, were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetics showed dependence on the particle‐size parameter, and the experimental TGA data were curve fitted using empirical mass relations employing both linear and parabolic models. The simulations predicted mixed kinetics in AlN oxidation.
Ethanol 농도에 따른 보존공막의 소독효과 비교 (2001)

목적 : 공여공막은 감염의 위험성 때문에 보존할 경우 소독이 필요하며, ethanol의 구체적인 농도에 따른 세균의 내성에 관한 연구는 국내에는 아직 보고된 바 없어 균주에 대한 ethanol의 농도에 따른 소독효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 : Staphylococcus epidermidis(ATCC 155), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 28213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27843)를 공여공막 조각에 감염시킨 후 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%ethanol과 trypticase soy broth(TSB, 대조군)에 각각 넣고 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 시간이 지나면서 공막조각을 꺼내 homogenized시킨 후 blood agar plate에 도말하고 24시간 뒤에 colony 수를 확인하였다. 결과 : Staphylococcus epidermidis와 Staphylococus aureus 균주의 경우 10%, 30%에서는 각각 48시간, 12시간까지 균주가 검출되지만, 50%이상의 농도에서는 6시간만 소독하더라도 균주가 검출되지 않았다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 균주의 경우도 10%ethanol에서는 72시간까지 균이 검출되었고, 30%이상의 농도에서는 24시간이 지나면서 균주의 형성이 관찰되지 않았다(P＜0.05). 그렇지만 대조군인 TSB에서는 3가지 균주 모두 72시간이 지나면서 colony의 형성이 관찰되었다. 결론 : 공여공막의 전염성 감염을 고려한다면, 공여안구를 추출할 경우 각막과 결막 및 안검 부위를 멸균된 증류수와 항생제를 사용하여 공여안구에 존재하는 균주를 가능한 줄이면서,공막의 보관은 50%이상의 ethanol에 최소한 6시간 이상 소독을 하는 것이 이상적일 것으로 생각한다.
Energy concerns in wireless networks (2002)

The focused attention of the community on energy issues in the study and design of wireless networks has spurred a great deal of research on the subject. In this article a brief overview is provided of what constitutes the major energy efficiency issues in ad hoc networks. Emphasis is placed on key conceptual points, which are then illustrated in the case study of wireless multicasting of connection-oriented traffic.
Enhanced intraband transitions with strong electric-field asymmetry in stacked InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (2001)

Electronic properties and conduction intersubband optical transitions in vertically aligned double InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAD's) are studied theoretically by using an eight-band strain-dependent $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian. Because of the strain field extension into the barrier region between the stacked double SAD's, the conduction-valence band mixing induces a very different composition of the basis $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ wave functions in the conduction band states from those in single dots. This effect enhances the oscillator strengths of the transitions between the ground 1s states and excited 2p states in conduction band compared with single SAD's. We also show that the asymmetric dependence of the composition of the conduction band states on the applied longitudinal electric field would induce a strong field asymmetry of intraband transitions.
The impact of an adaptive user interface on reducing driver distraction (2011)

This paper discusses the impact of an adaptive prototype in-car communication system (ICCS), called MIMI (Multimodal Interface for Mobile Info-communication), on driver distraction. Existing ICCSs attempt to minimise the visual and manual distraction, but more research needs to be done to reduce cognitive distraction. MIMI was designed to address usability and safety issues with existing ICCSs. Few ICCSs available today consider the driver's context in the design of the user interface. An adaptive user interface (AUI) was designed and integrated into a conventional dialogue system in order to prevent the driver from receiving calls and sending text messages under high distraction conditions. The current distraction level is detected by a neural network using the driving speed and steering wheel angle of the car as inputs. An adaptive version of MIMI was compared to a non-adaptive version in a user study conducted using a simple driving simulator. The results obtained showed that the adaptive version provided several usability and safety benefits, including reducing the cognitive load, and that the users preferred the adaptive version.
Quantitative Computed Tomography of Vertebral Spongiosa: A Sensitive Method for Detecting Early Bone Loss After Oophorectomy (1982)

We assessed serially the bone mineral loss in 37 premenopausal women for 24 months after oophorectomy and determined the dose-response for conjugated estrogen therapy in preventing this loss. Spinal cancellous bone was measured by quantitative computed tomography and measurement of appendicular cortical bone by radial photon absorptiometry and metacarpal radiogrammetry. For the placebo and low-dose treatment groups, the mean annual bone mineral losses were 7% to 9% from the vertebral spongiosum and 1% to 3% from the peripheral cortex. The correlation between axial and appendicular loss was weak (r = 0.581), precluding a reliable estimate of spinal loss from peripheral measurements. For the maximal-dose group (0.6 mg/d), the mean annual bone mineral losses were less than 0.5% from the axial and appendicular sites, and were not significant. The results indicate that spinal quantitative computed tomography provides a highly sensitive measurement of bone mineral loss after oophorectomy, that bone mineral loss is five- to sevenfold greater from the spinal spongiosum than from the appendicular cortex, and that conjugated estrogen in doses of less than 0.6 mg/d are inadequate to prevent the vertebral mineral loss.
Corneal penetration of diclofenac from a fixed combination of diclofenac-gentamicin eyedrops (1998)

Drug levels of diclofenac in the aqueous humor well above IC-50 for cyclo-oxygenase were achieved with the regimen applied. No inhibitory effect by the gentamicin or vehicle was observed. Comparison of these data with published results of Voltaren Ophtha implies a 2-fold better penetration of diclofenac with the diclofenac-gentamicin combination.
A comparison of two approaches for achieving flexible and adaptive security middleware (2008)

Open and dynamic business environments require flexible middleware that can be customized, adapted and reconfigured dynamically to face the changing environment and requirements. In this respect, the mechanism for composing middleware services with application code has an important impact on the kinds of adaptations that can be supported. This paper studies this problem in the context of security middleware. A bus-based architecture for integrating security middleware services is proposed and a qualitative comparison of the flexibility of the approach with an alternative AO-middleware-based approach is presented.
Distinct steps in the import of ADP/ATP carrier into mitochondria. (1987)

Transport of the precursor to the ADP/ATP carrier from the cytosol into the mitochondrial inner membrane was resolved into several consecutive steps. The precursor protein was trapped at distinct stages of the import pathway and subsequently chased to the mature form. In a first reaction, the precursor interacts with a protease-sensitive component on the mitochondrial surface. It then reaches intermediate sites in the outer membrane which are saturable and where it is protected against proteases. This translocation intermediate can be extracted at alkaline pH. We suggest that it is anchored to the membrane by a so far unknown proteinaceous component. The membrane potential delta psi-dependent entrance of the ADP/ATP carrier into the inner membrane takes place at contact sites between outer and inner membranes. Completion of translocation into the inner membrane can occur in the absence of delta psi. A cytosolic component which is present in reticulocyte lysate and which interacts with isolated mitochondria is required for the specific binding of the precursor to mitochondria.
Model-based water-layer Demultiple (MWD) for shallow water: from streamer to OBS (2012)

3D Model-based Water-layer Demultiple (MWD) is a recently-developed technique for attenuating water-layer-related multiples for marine streamer data. In particular, MWD targets the challenge of multiple attenuation in shallow water where Surface-Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) struggles. MWD works well in shallow water data by avoiding the crosstalk influence and preserving the spectrum of the input data. In this paper, we demonstrate that the application of MWD is not limited to streamer data, but can also be extended to Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) data. For OBS data, MWD can remove water-layer-related multiples and receiver ghost in one step. Therefore it removes the necessity of PZ summation for receiver ghost attenuation.