gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Starch Graft Copolymers-Degradable Fillers for Poly(vinyl chloride) Plastics (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch Graft Copolymers-Degradable Fillers for Poly(vinyl chloride) PlasticsFelix H. Otey, Richard P. Westhoff, and Charles R. RussellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1976, 15, 2, 139–142Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360058a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i360058a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Use ofDrosophila embryo cell cultures as an in vitro teratogen assay (1982)

An in vitro assay has been developed for detecting teratogens by adding them to primary cultures of embryonic Drosophila cells and analyzing the degree of change in cell differentiation and tissue formation. Cultures are scored by an automated image analysis system that counts the number of myotubes and ganglia in culture. A decrease in their number compared to controls is taken as an indication of teratogenicity. In the group of 100 drugs and chemicals examined thus far in this assay, a high correlation with known teratogenic activity has been obtained with few false-positives or false-negatives. Procedures also have been developed for testing metabolic products of ingested compounds for teratogenicity. Mice and rats are fed the particular agent to be tested, and their serum is then added to the differentiating culture. Preliminary trials with human serum from patients receiving chemotherapy have also been performed. With further testing, validation, and incorporation of a metabolic activation system, it is hoped that this assay can be used, along with a battery of other in vitro assays, as a screen for the large number of agents awaiting comprehensive testing of their teratogenic potential. We also see the use of this assay as means to gain further information on the basic biochemical and developmental aspects of teratogenesis.
Hexaalkylguanidinium and 2-(Dialkylamino)-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Trimethyldifluorosiliconates and Perfluoroalkoxides. Accidental Isolation and Molecular Structure of [C(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup>F<sup>-</sup>·6CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Hexaalkylguanidinium and 2-(dialkylamino)-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium trimethyldifluorosiliconates, precursors for two stable hexaalkylguanidinium perfluoroalkoxides, were synthesized by treating commercially available bis(dialkylamino)difluoromethane derivatives with (dialkylamino)trimethylsilanes in aprotic media. With hexamethylguanidinium pentafluoroethoxide the introduction of the lipophilic and electronegative C2F5O group was straightforwardly achieved in the case of primary and secondary alkyl triflates to furnish the respective fluorinated ethers. The molecular structures of [(CH2NMe)2C(NEt2)]+[Me3SiF2]- and [C(NMe2)3]+F-*6CH2Cl2 were determined, showing in the latter case a fluoride anion octahedrally coordinated by six methylene chloride molecules via hydrogen bridges with a F...H distance of 205 pm (C...F distance 270.0(3) pm).
An energy conservation based high-efficiency dimmable multi-channel LED driver (2011)

This paper presents a high-efficiency multi-channel LED backlighting driver with local dimming capability. A sequential burst-mode channel multiplexed pulse width modulation dimming scheme is introduced to regulate and maintain uniform LED current. An energy conservation technique is utilized to handle load disconnect situation, which significantly improves the efficiency over the entire dimming range. The proposed approach eliminates the dedicated linear current regulator and sensing components in each LED channel as required by recently reported methods. This work is well suited for digital IC implementation for dynamic LED luminance adjustment. The performance of the proposed method was verified experimentally using a 4.5 to 14V boost converter. An overall efficiency of 50-90% was observed over a wide range of LED luminance.
Small domestic wind turbine with scoop: methodology and design (2006)

Explains the methodology and design of a small domestic wind turbine with scoop.
Efficient Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Location Fingerprinting (2005)

This paper presents results of systematic study to improve designing of indoor positioning systems based on location fingerprinting technique. Thus far, researchers have been focusing on improving this type of positioning systems by arbitrarily selecting one of available pattern classification techniques. On the contrary, this study suggests a modeling framework which can be used as a tool to efficiently design such systems. Using the proposed framework, this paper quantifies accuracy and precision improvement resulted from adjusting system parameters. Consequentially, deployment and performance tuning time which is the most time-consuming process of the fingerprinting technique can be reduced. A system model based on proposed framework is validated with a prototype in which both model and prototype utilize simple Euclidean distance as a technique for location determination.
Expression of miR-34c induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells (2014)

Together, our results support the role of miR-34c as a tumor suppressor miRNA also in breast cancer.
Asphaltene Solubility and Fluid Compatibility (2012)

This is a review of petroleum asphaltene solubility as it relates to production and refining in terms of changes in temperature, pressure, and composition. While the current concept of asphaltenes and asphaltene solubility is changing rapidly in the scientific literature, giving the appearance of a field in chaos, evidence is presented that the many of the older approximations may still be adequate enough to solve practical asphaltene insolubility problems. Actually, solubility parameters and the regular Flory–Huggins model may describe petroleum phase behavior better than they do for any other system. The oil compatibility model for avoiding asphaltene insolubility during the processing of crude oils is discussed in detail. For production applications with live oils at reservoir conditions, the objective is to predict asphaltene solubility or insolubility from only measurements at ambient conditions and knowledge of the quantity and composition of the dissolved gas. Several groups have reported achieving this goal using either the regular Flory–Huggins model or the perturbed chain modification of the statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state.
Extraction and tracking of the eyelids (2002)

Facial analysis is used in a number of applications like face recognition systems, human-computer interaction through head movements or facial expressions, or model based coding. In all these applications a very precise extraction of the feature points corresponding to the eyes is necessary. In this paper we present a method for automatic extraction and tracking of the eyelids. First the images are filtered in order to enhance the interesting features. Then a dynamic programming algorithm is applied to extract the precise shape of the eyelids. Although restrictions are applied on the possible shapes, they are not modeled as ellipse arcs. This allows extracting the corner of the eyes with higher precision. Once the eyelids are extracted for the first image, a new robust tracking algorithm based on snakes is applied to track them along the sequence, which allows large motion of the eyes and rotation and zooming of the head.
Integrating metrics and models for software risk assessment (2002)

Enhanced Measurement for Early Risk Assessment of Latent Defects (EMERALD) is a decision support system for assessing reliability risk. It is used by software developers and managers to improve telecommunications software service quality as perceived by the customer and the end user. Risk models are based on static characteristics of source code. This paper shows how a system such as EMERALD can enhance software development, testing, and maintenance by integration of: a software quality improvement strategy; measurements and models; and delivery of results to the desktop of developers in a timely manner. This paper also summarizes empirical experiments with EMERALD's models using data from large industrial telecommunications software systems. EMERALD has been applied to a very large system with over 12 million lines of source code within procedures. Experience and lessons learned are also discussed.
Self-Excited Vibrations in Drillstrings (1987)

Abstract Vibrations created by drag bits can cause premature failure of drillstring components and fracture cutters. Unfortunately, there has been no theory that adequately explains how drag bits excite drillstrings. Our paper shows that these vibrations are self excited by the interaction of drillstring, bit, and formation. Results show that drag bit design and bit rotational speed dictate conditions of dynamic instability. In general, large drag bits are unstable at low rotational speeds.
Interaction forces among solitons in optical fibers (1983)

The propagation of light pulses as solitons in optical fibers may form the basis of a viable means of communication. We show here from the general two-soliton function that solitons in fibers exert forces on their neighbors that decrease exponentially with the distance between them and depend sinusoidally on their relative phase. These forces account for the displacements suffered by solitons during collisions, and their effects must be taken into account in system design.
An Auto-Selectable-Frequency Pulse-Width Modulator for Buck Converters with Improved Light-Load Efficiency (2008)

In this work, an auto-selectable-frequency pulse-width modulator (ASFPWM) is introduced to enable buck converters to use compact off-chip inductors and capacitors and to minimize both the switching loss and the gate-drive loss without causing a supply-integrity problem.
Applications of a monolithic analog multiplier (1968)

A fully balanced analog multiplier using differential transistor pairs is briefly described. Several circuit functions usually required in communication systems can be derived from the basic circuit. In particular, the different modes of operation leading to FM detection, suppressed carrier modulation, synchronous AM detection, and TV chroma demodulation are discussed. Experimental data obtained with a monolithic analog multiplier are also presented.
EFFECTIVE PROTECTION AGAINST INFLUENZA AFTER VACCINATION WITH SUBUNIT VACCINE (1978)

Immunization with an influenza subunit vaccine given in one dose about 1 month to 2 months before onset of an epidemic of influenza afforded from 80% to 90% protection in a double-blind clinical trial which was supported by isolation of virus and serological studies. In the vaccinated group, 20% failed to develop antibodies to the vaccine. Either serology tests or attempted isolation of virus alone would have failed to detect some of the cases.
High-Performance GaN-Based Nanochannel FinFETs With/Without AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure (2013)

Two types of fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs), one with AlGaN/GaN heterojunction and the other with heavily doped heterojunction-free GaN layer operating in junctionless mode, have been fabricated and characterized. The threshold voltages of both devices shift toward positive direction from large negative value as the fin width decreases. Both devices exhibit high ON-state performance. The heterojunction-free GaN FinFETs show superior OFF-state performance because the current flows through the volume of the GaN channel layer, which can be fully depleted. The proposed GaN nanochannel FinFETs are very promising candidates not only for high performance, but also for high power applications.
Interaction of Microwave and Radio Frequency Radiation with Biological Systems (1971)

A survey of thermal and nonthermal effects is presented with some recommendations for future work. A basis of all biophysical considerations are the electrical properties including dielectric constants and conductivities for nearly all body tissues. Equations are presented which summarize previous experimental work and state dielectric constant and conductivity for tissues of high water content as functions of macromolecular content and frequency. No evidence is available supporting resonance behavior. Previous thermal work includes determination of depth of penetration values and the relative absorption cross section of man and was the basis for present standards. Nonthermal principles which explain many previous observations are largely due to field-induced forces. Such effects occur in the human body only at field-strength levels which are thermally dangerous. Several important conclusions are made. 1) Field-force effects cannot be enhanced by use of pulsed fields. 2) It is not possible to directly stimulate nerve membranes by microwave fields. 3) It is fluids and tissues. Finally, a guideline for future standard work in complex fields is proposed. It is based on the concept of a tolerance current density, which is stated to be near 3 mA/cm/sup 2/ between 1 and 1000 MHz. The biophysical principles which pertain to the interaction of nonionizing electromagnetic radiations with biological systems are not discussed. This was done in the past on several occasions. The field will be summarized only briefly and attention will be given to problems not already delt with satisfactorily. We intend to concentrate on some topics that are presently of particular interest.
CALCIUM UPTAKE BY RAT KIDNEY MITOCHONDRIA (1961)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Features of a Simple Psychophysiological Reaction (2018)

The latency of a simple psychophysiological (visual motor) response (SPPR) was studied as dependent on the waiting time, which was the period between the previous response to a subsequent stimulus and was varied from 1 to 3000 ms. An ordinal approximation was used for the resulting monotonic dependence. The latency of the simple psychophysiological response at shorter intervals between the previous response and a subsequent stimulus was observed to be far greater than at longer intervals. The latency decreased with the increasing waiting time until 3–4 s after the previous response. The decrease included at least two components. The components were found to be interdependent. The decrease in latency was assumed to result from autoinhibition due to the previous response.
Thermal Noise in Track-and-Hold Circuits: Analysis and Simulation Techniques (2012)

As a vehicle that lets us explore the main ideas of this article, we will utilize the commonly used charge-redistribution track-and-hold amplifier (THA) circuit (shown in Figure 1) and evaluate this circuit in terms of its thermal noise performance. Of course, it is well know that the thermal noise of this circuit is somehow related to “kT/C.” What we accomplish in this article is to precisely track down the proper proportionally constants so that we can validate the results of a circuit simulation with good precision. After all, as you have learned from your experienced analog guru, you will never trust a circuit simulation blindly, right?
Mechanisms of Ploidy Increase in Human Cancers: A New Role for Cell Cannibalism (2012)

Aneuploidy is a hallmark of human cancers originating from abnormal mitoses. Many aneuploid cancer cells also have greater-than-diploid DNA content, suggesting that polyploidy is a common precursor to aneuploidy during tumor progression. Polyploid cells can originate from cell fusion, endoreplication, and cytokinesis failure. Recently we found that cell cannibalism by entosis, a form of cell engulfment involving live cells, also leads to polyploidy, as internalized cells disrupt cytokinesis of their engulfing cell hosts. By this mechanism, cannibalistic cell behavior could promote tumor progression by leading to aneuploidy. Here, we discuss cell cannibalism in cancer and other mechanisms that result in the formation of polyploid cancer cells.
Toward an optimal foundation architecture for optoelectronic computing Part I Regularly interconnected device planes (1997)

By systematically examining the tree of possibilities for optoelectronic computing architectures and offering arguments that allow one to prune suboptimal branches of this tree, I come to the conclusion that electronic circuit planes interconnected optically according to regular connection patterns represent an alternative that is reasonably close to the best possible, as defined by physical limitations. Thus I propose that this foundation architecture should provide a basis for future research and development in this area.
The growth of rats and mice vibrissae under normal and some abnormal conditions (1975)

The growth of hair from the mystacial vibrissal follicles of C3H mice and Wistar rats has been measured for up to seven cycles. Normally growth in length and thickness was regular and little affected by age or sex. Plucking vibrissae at any stage during the growing period was followed by the appearance of a new vibrissa 8-11 days later. Plucking when growth had ceased had no effect on the time of appearance of the subsequent cycle. New whiskers emerging after plucking grew at the normal rate. Withholding food slowed the growth of vibrissae within 1 day. Normal growth was re-established 3 days after return to full diet.
[The effect of monensin on performance and selected biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood of calves]. (1993)

The aim of this study was to find out the influence of monensin, a ionophore antibiotic, on calf performance and selected physiological parameters. Monensin is a product of Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It has effects on all Gram-negative microbes, such as Escherichia coli, salmonellas, pseudomonads and vibria. It has a small effect on Gram-positive microbes. At the beginning of the experiment eight young crossbred bulls (C x N) at the age of three weeks were weighted and divided into two groups, experimental and control ones. Calves were kept in individual boxes and fed acidified whole milk (2 ml of 85% formic acid per 1 litre of milk). They had a free access to concentrates (COT), hay and drinking water. The calves received 3 lt. of whole milk twice a day until the age of eight weeks. 0.5 mg of monensin per 1 kg live weight were served orally to calves of the experimental group every day. Monensin was made by the Spofa Corporation, Prague. Daily intake of feed was recorded and the calves were weighted once a week. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before the beginning of the experiment, and in the period from the fifth to the tenth week of age, always before morning feeding. The average daily live weight gain was 0.452 kg and 0.471 kg for the control and experimental group, respectively, during the milk feeding period, the index being 104.2 (Tab. I). Tab. II shows the average feed intake per 1 kg live weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A preliminary report on a new perspective in clinical radiation sensitization and hypoxic cell chemotherapy (1984)

The actions of misonidazole as a radiation sensitizer, hypoxic cytotoxic, and metabolic inhibitor are all concentration-dependent, and the commonly prescribed oral dose (12 g/m2) appears to be inadequate. The drug has, therefore, been given interstitially in solid form, when local tissue doses of the order of tens of millimolar are attained, to four patients, all with advanced disease. In the three cases (two squamous carcinomas and a malignant melanoma) in whom the drug concentration was considered to be adequate, a beneficial effect was obtained, which, in two instances, was associated with doses of radiation of 6 and 8 Gy, respectively. This approach has a wide potential application in cancer therapy.
Polymer tapered waveguides and flip-chip solder bonding as compatible technologies for efficient OEIC coupling (2002)

Optoelectronic technologies and devices have developed at a rapid rate, resulting in a large array of materials systems and structures that may be integrated into optoelectronic modules and subsystems. However, because these devices are made of a variety of materials systems, there is a fundamental mismatch between their optical modes. This mismatch affects coupling efficiency and sensitivity to tolerances. The coupling efficiency between laser diode arrays or OEIC components and single-mode fiber ribbons drops rapidly with increasing misalignment tolerance. There are trade-offs between the allowed minimum coupled power and the cost of establishing the required alignment. We are using a polymeric waveguide film that contains optical structures to transform optical mode patterns between components made from dissimilar materials systems. We demonstrate how tapered polymer waveguides may be used to match the laser mode to the fiber mode, resulting in a module with decreased alignment requirements for a given coupling efficiency Waveguides which simultaneously taper the mode both laterally and vertically have been designed. Waveguides with tapered mode profiles have been constructed using photobleaching of a guest/host dye/polymer system. Amoco 4212 polyimide doped with DCM dye was chosen as the waveguide material due to its good thermal stability and its simple processing. We present numerical results showing the variation of coupling efficiency into tapered waveguides with component misalignment. The alignment between components is established by self-aligned flip-chip solder bonding.
Hydrogen shifts in cyclohexylcarbenes. Spatial dependence of activating power and of primary deuterium isotope effects (1997)

The conformationally biased ketones 4-t-butyl-cis-2-methylcyclohexanone (1c) and 4-t-butyl-cis-2-trans-6-dimethylcyclohexanone (7a; and its 2,6-dideuterio derivative 7c) were converted into p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone Li salts. Thermolysis or photolysis generated putative singlet carbenes, which underwent competitive axial vs equatorial H shift (or D shift in the case of 7c) to give alkenes. Product analysis showed that a bystander Meeq substituent promotes a geminal H shift several times more efficiently than does a bystander Meax. This geometry-dependent activating power parallels behavior noted earlier for OMe and Ph bystander groups; but as Me groups are rotationally symmetric and possess no lone pair or π electrons this phenomenon cannot be attributed solely to rotameric considerations or to effects involving mobile electron clouds. For the trans-dimethylcarbenes 10a and 10c the primary deuterium isotope effect (kH/kD) for axial migration (Iax) was determined to be ca. 1.5 times larger than that for equatorial migration (Ieq). This finding invalidates the common assumption that Iax = Ieq and suggests that published data on deuterium isotope effects and on Hax/Heq migration selectivities need to be adjusted.