gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokines as mediators of vascular pathology. (1992)

Interactions between leukocytes and intrinsic vascular wall cells characterize many inflammatory reactions and contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases. In view of this intimate involvement of leukocytes in vascular pathology it is important to understand the signals that recruit and activate leukocytes locally in regions of vascular pathology. It is also desirable to delineate the mechanisms by which leukocytes influence the behavior of intrinsic vascular wall cells in ways which may contribute to vascular lesion formation. Mediators elaborated by leukocytes include small molecules including lipid-derived mediators such as prostanoids, leukotrienes, and platelet activating factor. Leukocytes can also produce protein mediators including those currently classified as cytokines. The cytokines, protein mediators involved in inflammation and control of the immune response, derive from all classes of leukocytes studied. Local cytokine networks may orchestrate complex programs of expression of functions of leukocytes and endothelial and smooth muscle cells involved in vascular homeostasis and pathology. Our laboratory has been interested in hyperplastic arterial diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty treatment of obstructive atherosclerosis. Definitive evidence for roles of cytokines in the pathogenesis of these syndromes are lacking. However, various in vitro and in vivo studies have furnished sufficient information to permit formulation of rather detailed hypotheses or models. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-l) may participate in initial monocyte recruitment to prelesional areas of arterial endothelium. Other adhesion molecules including Intercellular adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-l) may also participate in monocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recombinant carboxyl-terminal fibrin-binding domain of human fibronectin expressed in mouse L cells. (1990)

The carboxyl-terminal fibrin-binding domain, Fib2, of human fibronectin was expressed in mouse L cells as a fusion protein with the signal sequence of human protein C inhibitor. The recombinant Fib2 (rFib2) protein synthesized by transfected cells retained the ability to form dimers with each other or with mouse fibronectin subunits and was secreted to the medium after extensive glycosylation. Only a small fraction of the secreted protein was incorporated into the pericellular matrix. Interestingly, the secreted rFib2 protein displayed a remarkable heterogeneity upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, giving rise to a broad band corresponding to Mr of 60,000-90,000. The heterogeneity was eliminated mostly by treatment with neuraminidase and further by treatment with endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. Treatment with peptide:N-glycosidase F did not alter the heterogeneity of the protein, indicating that differential sialylation of O-linked, but not N-linked, glycans is largely responsible for the apparent heterogeneity. The presence of O-linked but absence of N-linked glycans was further supported by the observations that peanut agglutinin specifically bound to the desialylated rFib2 protein, whereas neither concanavalin A nor lentil lectin bound to the protein irrespective of prior neuraminidase treatment. Since the apparent heterogeneity of the rFib2 protein was only observable with the secreted, but not the cytoplasmic form, sialylation of O-linked glycans may be essential for, or regulate as a rate-limiting step, the transit of the recombinant protein to the extracellular space.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID METAL FUEL CELL (1962)

Abstract : Substantial progress has been made in the study and operation of potassium-mercury cells and in pointing up problem areas requiring solution. Six different types of cells were run, some utilizing a ceramic matrix while others operated on a differential density principle. Certain cells were operated with flowing cathode metal, so that steadiness of operation and regenerative capability could be studied. Results confirmed this regenerative capability up to 60 mw/sq. cm, the operating level of the experiment. Liquid metal cell life was extended to as long as 550 hours to date. Current densities of 227 ma/sq. cm and power densities of 91 mw/sq. cm were achieved. Composite matrices composed of 6-micron MgO particles were produced, and electrical conductivities of discs of various electrolyte/MgO ratios were measured. Results conform to requirements of liquid metal cell systems.
Transcriptional Network Analysis Identifies BACH1 as a Master Regulator of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis (2012)

The application of functional genomic analysis of breast cancer metastasis has led to the identification of a growing number of organ-specific metastasis genes, which often function in concert to facilitate different steps of the metastatic cascade. However, the gene regulatory network that controls the expression of these metastasis genes remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a computational approach for the deconvolution of transcriptional networks to discover master regulators of breast cancer bone metastasis. Several known regulators of breast cancer bone metastasis such as Smad4 and HIF1 were identified in our analysis. Experimental validation of the networks revealed BACH1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, as the common regulator of several functional metastasis genes, including MMP1 and CXCR4. Ectopic expression of BACH1 enhanced the malignance of breast cancer cells, and conversely, BACH1 knockdown significantly reduced bone metastasis. The expression of BACH1 and its target genes was linked to the higher risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients. This study established BACH1 as the master regulator of breast cancer bone metastasis and provided a paradigm to identify molecular determinants in complex pathological processes.
6 Roles of Ribonuclease H in Reverse Transcription (1993)

The retroviral RNA genome is converted into double-stranded DNA by the process of reverse transcription. In the first step of reverse transcription, the genomic RNA with its associated transfer RNA primer serves as a template for the DNA polymerase activity of reverse transcriptase. Unlike the situation for all known single-stranded RNA viruses where the newly synthesized RNA strand is displaced from the template during synthesis, the newly synthesized minus DNA strand remains base-paired with the retroviral genome RNA. Since the DNA strand of the resulting DNA-RNA hybrid is subsequently used as a template for plus-strand synthesis, a mechanism must exist to unpair the DNA from the RNA. Equally important, continuation of minus-strand synthesis beyond the 5′ end of the genome depends on the unpairing of the DNA-RNA hybrid to allow base pairing of the nascent minus DNA strand with the complementary RNA sequence at the 3′ end of the genome (the first jump). In principle, the newly synthesized DNA strand could be separated from its RNA template by a helicase acting in conjunction with a single-strand-binding protein. Instead, retroviruses degrade the RNA moiety of the DNA-RNA hybrids using a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that is part of the reverse transcriptase protein (Molling et al. 1971; for recent reviews, see Crouch 1990; Wintersberger 1990; Jacobo-Molina and Arnold 1991). The DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of reverse transcriptase appear to be the only enzymes required to produce the linear double-stranded DNA copy of the RNA genome that is subsequently integrated...
Lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with chronic ambulatory electrocorticography (2015)

About one third of the subjects implanted with bilateral MTL electrodes required >1 month of chronic ambulatory ECoG before the first contralateral MTL electrographic seizure was recorded. Some patients with suspected bilateral MTL seizures had only unilateral electrographic seizures. Chronic ambulatory ECoG in patients with suspected bilateral MTL seizures provides data in a naturalistic setting, may complement data from inpatient video-EEG monitoring, and can contribute to treatment decisions.
Mechanisms involved in mycobacterial growth inhibition by gamma interferon-activated bone marrow macrophages: role of reactive nitrogen intermediates (1991)

Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages are able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium bovis after stimulation with recombinant gamma interferon. This antimycobacterial activity was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitrite and nitrate synthesis from L-arginine. Furthermore, there was a complete lack of mycobacterial growth inhibition in a medium deficient in L-arginine. Nitrite is generated by gamma interferon-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages after infection with M. bovis, and a correlation between mycobacterial growth inhibition and nitrite production was observed. These results indicate that reactive nitrogen intermediates derived from L-arginine are crucially involved in macrophage antimycobacterial activity.
Metric State Space Reinforcement Learning for a Vision-Capable Mobile Robot (2006)

We address the problem of autonomously learning controllers for vision-capable mobile robots. We extend McCallum's (1995) Nearest-Sequence Memory algorithm to allow for general metrics over state-action trajectories. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by successfully running our algorithm on a real mobile robot. The algorithm is novel and unique in that it (a) explores the environment and learns directly on a mobile robot without using a hand-made computer model as an intermediate step, (b) does not require manual discretization of the sensor input space, (c) works in piecewise continuous perceptual spaces, and (d) copes with partial observability. Together this allows learning from much less experience compared to previous methods.
Initial Clinical Trial of Oral TAC-101, a Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor-Alpha Selective Retinoid, in Patients With Advanced Cancer (2002)

This is the first human clinical study with TAC-101, a RAR-alpha selective retinoid. Musculoskeletal toxicity and hypertriglyceridemia were observed characteristics of previously studied retinoids. The recommended phase II dose is 24 mg/m(2) with this treatment schedule. Alternative treatment schedules and prospective evaluation of thrombotic risk will be investigated in subsequent studies.
The Insulin Receptor and Its Cellular Targets<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The pleiotropic actions of insulin are mediated by a single receptor tyrosine kinase. Structure/function relationships of the insulin receptor have been conclusively established, and the early steps of insulin signaling are known in some detail. A generally accepted paradigm is that insulin receptors, acting through insulin receptor substrates, stimulate the lipid kinase activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The rapid rise in Tris-phosphorylated inositol (PIP(3)) that ensues triggers a cascade of PIP(3)-dependent serine/threonine kinases. Among the latter, Akt (a product of the akt protooncogene) and atypical protein kinase C isoforms are thought to be involved in insulin regulation of glucose transport and oxidation; glycogen, lipid, and protein synthesis; and modulation of gene expression. The presence of multiple insulin-regulated, PIP(3)-dependent kinases is consistent with the possibility that different pathways are required to regulate different biological actions of insulin. Additional work remains to be performed to understand the distal components of insulin signaling. Moreover, there exists substantial evidence for insulin receptor substrate- and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathways of insulin action. The ultimate goal of these investigations is to provide clues to the pathogenesis and treatment of the insulin resistant state that is characteristic of type 2 diabetes.
Human myelogenous (Ph+) leukemia cell line: transplantation into athymic mice. (1976)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells from line K-562, containing the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, were transplanted into nude mice and grew as solid vascularized tumors containing cells like those seen in the patient and in the cultures. Cells taken from the tumors were near triphoid and retained all human chromosome markers in culture.
Comparison of tellurite resistance determinants from the IncP alpha plasmid RP4Ter and the IncHII plasmid pHH1508a (1989)

The tellurite resistance (Ter) determinants of the IncHII plasmid pHH1508a and the broad host range IncP alpha plasmid RP4Ter were cloned into pUC8, creating plasmids pDT1364 and pDT1558, respectively. The Ter region of pDT1364 was localized to a 1.25-kilobase region by using Tn1000 insertion mutagenesis. Insertions of Tn1000 into pDT1558 which resulted in tellurite sensitivity spanned 1.75 kilobases of DNA. No similarity between the restriction maps of these two plasmids was observed, and no homology could be detected by DNA-DNA hybridization. Expression in an in vitro transcription-translation system showed that pDT1364 encoded two polypeptides with molecular masses of 23 and 12 kilodaltons (kDa) which were not expressed by pUC8. Some of the Tn1000 insertion mutants did not express the 23-kDa protein. pDT1558 encoded a 40-kDa polypeptide which was not expressed by pUC8. Both Ter determinants were expressed constitutively. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms of Ter encoded by these two plasmids are different.
Mast cell growth factor, a ligand for the receptor encoded by c-kit, affects the growth in culture of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. (1991)

The c-kit proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase internal domain. C-kit has been mapped to the W locus in the mouse, and the gene encoding the ligand has been shown to be the product of the murine SI locus. Previous genetic studies have shown that the murine W and SI loci play important roles in the normal function of hemopoietic stem cells. As these stem cells have been identified as the origins of abnormal clones in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), a study was begun of c-kit in AML. By Northern blot analysis, it was shown that all of 21 blast populations from AML patients were kit expression positive, but some AML cell lines did not transcribe detectable c-kit mRNA. This study is now extended to the responses of freshly obtained AML cells and cell lines to the ligand, mast-cell growth factor (MGF). In culture, fresh cells usually responded to added ligand with increases in both self-renewal and terminal divisions. The most obvious effects were seen when MGF was combined with either IL-3 or G-CSF. The response of cell lines to MGF mirrored their expression of c-kit; expression positive lines responded in culture with patterns similar to those seen for fresh cells. C-kit expression negative cells did not respond to MGF. RNA prepared from the cells giving rise to one such line, OCI/AML-5, was available for study. mRNA for c-kit could not be detected in this RNA sample by Northern blot analysis or the polymerase chain reaction. Thus the heterogeneity found in AML blast populations extends to the involvement of c-kit and its ligand in growth regulation, although blast populations without this regulatory apparatus appear to be rare.
Programmed Death-1 Pathway in Host Tissues Ameliorates Th17/Th1-Mediated Experimental Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (2014)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of late death and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway in chronic GVHD using a well-defined mouse model of B10.D2 (H-2(d)) donor to BALB/c (H-2(d)) recipients. PD-1 expression on allogeneic donor T cells was upregulated continuously in chronic GVHD development, whereas PD-L1 expression in host tissues was transiently upregulated and declined to basal levels in the late posttransplant period. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway by anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 mAbs exacerbated clinical and pathologic chronic GVHD. Chimeric mice revealed that PD-L1 expression in host tissues suppressed expansion of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells, and that PD-L1 expression on hematopoietic cells plays a role in the development of regulatory T cells only during the early transplantation period but does not affect the severity of chronic GVHD. Administration of the synthetic retinoid Am80 overcame the IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) T cell expansion caused by PD-L1 deficiency, resulting in reduced chronic GVHD damage in PD-L1(-/-) recipients. Stimulation of the PD-1 pathway also alleviated chronic GVHD. These results suggest that the PD-1 pathway contributes to the suppression of Th17/Th1-mediated chronic GVHD and may represent a new target for the prevention or treatment of chronic GVHD.
Low-Temperature Devices (1960)

The basic operating principles of three low-temperature devices the maser, the cryotron, and the cryosar are discussed. In masers the process of stimulated emission of radiation is used to produce an extremely low noise amplifier, with all practical solid state masers thus far employing the electron spins in paramagnetic salts. The cryotron and the cryosar are both primarily intended for computer applications. The former utilizes the phenomenon of superconductivity and its quenching in magnetic fields; the latter uses impact ionization of impurities in semiconductors.
Blood viscosity and blood pressure: role of temperature and hyperglycemia (2001)

We planned a study to research the relations among blood pressure (BP), viscosity, and temperature in healthy subjects and among BP, viscosity, and glucose in diabetics. With simple random sampling method, 53 healthy and 29 diabetes mellitus (DM) type II subjects were selected. Parameters were determined with capillary viscometer and glucometer at 22 degrees C, 36.5 degrees C, and 39.5 degrees C in healthy subjects, and at 22 degrees C on diabetic patients during OGTT with 75 g of glucose. Statistical evaluations of the data were made with regression analysis, Student t test, Spearman's correlation, and analysis of variance. When temperature decreased from 36.5 degrees C to 22 degrees C, blood viscosity increased 26.13%. This increase resulted in a 20.72% decrease in blood flow rate. According to the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, the required BP increase for compensation of the resulting tissue ischemia was 20.72%. Also, a 34.73% decrease in erythrocyte deformability and 18.71% increase in plasma viscosity were seen. When temperature increased from 36.5 degrees to 39.5 degrees C, blood viscosity decreased 10.38%. This caused 11.15% decrease in blood flow rate, and 11.15% decrease in BP, according to the equation. Erythrocyte deformability increase of 9.92% and plasma viscosity decrease of 4.99% arose from the temperature rise. There is a correlation between total data for temperatures and viscosities (r = -0.84, P < .001). When the mean value of blood glucose increased from 100 to 400 mg/dL, viscosity increased 25% (r= 0.59, P = .002). In this state, blood flow rate decrease was 20% and BP increase for physiological compensation was 25%. Consequently, temperature, glucose and viscosity levels of blood are important factors for BP.
El "De Laudibus Crucis" de Rábano Mauro. Manuscrito 131 de la Biblioteca Histórica de la U.C.M.: Una aproximación iconográfica (2005)

We propose an easy-to-use, standardized, routine-use pre-analytical protocol, using low-bind FBTs, for measuring AD CSF biomarkers in clinical practice.
Development of A Meal Assistive Exoskeleton made of Soft Materials for polymyositis patients (2014)

Main goal of this research is to design and fabricate an exoskeleton type assistive device for polymyositis patients, which is extremely compact, lightweight and also comfortable. In order to achieve this goal, the target motion of the device is focused on eating motion which is one of the most important task of daily life. Also, the exoskeleton is designed with soft materials such as fabric, rubber, wire and other compliant materials. The most rigid component used in the exoskeleton is a supporting part made of flexible board. By adopting these materials and concentrating on specific target motion, the number and size of the actuators can be reduced so that total complexity, weight and size of the device decrease. Also, the characteristics of soft material allows comfortable wearing sensation, low cost and good appearance. Therefore, the device becomes affordable and convenient. Polymyositis patients are chosen as the target user since the characteristics of their symptom can reduce complexity of the exoskeleton. Also a special controller is designed to utilize the available motion of the polymyositis patients. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the exoskeleton.
Designing multiple Gabor filters for multitexture image segmentation (1999)

We consider the problem of segmenting multitextured images using multiple Gabor lters. In particular, we present a mathematical framework for a multichannel texture-segmentation system consisting of a parallel bank of lter channels, a vector classier stage, and a postprocessing stage. The framework establishes mathematical relationships between the predicted texture-segmentation error, the frequency spectra of constituent textures, and the parameters of the lter channels. The framework also permits the systematic formulation of lter-design procedures and provides predicted vector output statistics that are useful for classier design. This paper focuses on the mathematical framework and provides experimental results that conrm the utility of the framework in the design of a complete image-segmentation system. The results demonstrate eective segmentation using a straightforward classier and fewer than half the number of lters needed in previously proposed approaches. Subject terms: Gabor prelter, Gabor lter, Gabor function, texture segmentation, statistical image analysis, texture analysis, computer vision, image segmentation.
Selection of recombinant MVA by rescue of the essential D4R gene (2011)

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has become a promising vaccine vector due to its immunogenicity and its proven safety in humans. As a general approach for stringent and rapid selection of recombinant MVA, we assessed marker rescue of the essential viral D4R gene in an engineered deletion mutant that is fully replication defective in wild-type cells. Recombinant, replicating virus was obtained by re-introduction of the deleted viral gene as a dominant selection marker into the deletion mutant.