gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo lability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in GdA- and Gdmediterranean deficiency (1968)

A decreased level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase might result from decreased rate of synthesis, synthesis of an enzyme of lower catalytic efficiency, increased lability, or a combined mechanism. To test the hypothesis of increased lability, the rate of decline of the enzyme in vivo was measured in three groups of individuals, controls, Gd(-),A-males, and Gd(-), Mediterranean males, by the slope of decline of activity in fractions containing erythrocytes of progressively increasing mean age. These fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous density gradient of erythrocyte suspensions free of contaminating platelets and leukocytes. The rate of in vivo decline of pyruvate kinase (another age-dependent enzyme) was also measured and found very similar in the three groups. The in vivo decline of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to follow an exponential rate, with a half-life of 62 days for controls and 13 days for Gd(-),A- erythrocytes. The activity in normal reticulocytes was estimated at 9.7 U and in Gd(-),A- reticulocytes at 8.8 U. These estimates were confirmed by direct measurements in reticulocytes isolated from patients with extreme reticulocytosis. In Gd(-),Mediterranean erythrocytes activity could be demonstrated only in reticulocytes, which were estimated to average 1.4 U. The rate of decline is so extreme that no activity could be detected in mature erythrocytes. These data suggest that the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of both the Gd(A-) and the GdMediterranean variant results from different degrees of in vivo instability of the abnormal enzyme.
α-Tocopherol Decreases Interleukin-1β Release From Activated Human Monocytes by Inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase (1999)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in westernized populations. Low levels of alpha-tocopherol (AT) are associated with increased incidence of atherosclerosis and increased intakes appear to be protective. Recently, we showed that supplementation with AT resulted in significant decreases in monocyte superoxide anion release, lipid oxidation, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) release, and adhesion to endothelium. The reduction in superoxide and lipid oxidation by AT seemed to be mediated by inhibition of protein kinase C. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) by which AT inhibits IL-1 beta release. Potential mechanisms examined included its effect as an antioxidant and its inhibitory effects on protein kinase C and the cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase pathways. Although AT decreased superoxide release from activated monocytes, superoxide dismutase and catalase had no effect on IL-1 beta release. Also, a similar antioxidant, beta-tocopherol, had no effect on IL-1 beta release. The protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide, did not inhibit IL-1 beta release from activated monocytes, in spite of AT decreasing protein kinase C activity. Leukotriene B4, a major product of 5-lipoxygenase, has been shown to augment IL-1beta release. In the presence of AT, a significant reduction in leukotriene B4 and IL-1 beta levels was observed, which was reversed by the addition of leukotriene B4. Similar observations were seen with specific inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. The product of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2, has been shown to inhibit IL-1 beta activity in some systems. However, AT had no significant effect on prostaglandin E2 levels in activated monocytes. In the presence of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, AT inhibited IL-1 beta activity. Also, AT had no effect on IL-1 beta mRNA levels or stability, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect. Thus, in activated human monocytes, AT exerts a novel biological effect of inhibiting the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1 beta, via inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
Nanostructured superconductors: from granular through wire towards high-T<SUB align=right>c nanotubular 2D composites (2004)

Superconductivity in nanostructured materials, nanowires, nanotubes and their 2D crystals is briefly reviewed. Experimental data show both the decrease of a critical superconducting temperature Tc under transition from polycrystalline to nanogranular ceramics, and the increase of Tc under transition to one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, nanotubes and their 2D crystals. Theoretical requirements for ideal room-Tc superconductor is shown to point out on 2D crystals built from noncarbon nanotubes of superconducting layered material as the ideal media. Analysis of superconductivity in MgBE2 is presented which point out on a key role of E2g-vibrations of boron ions resulted in the mechanism of two-gap two-phonon superconductivity. Connected with the author's concept of nanotubular superconductivity, this model lay off a bridge for the novel joint model of a nanotubular multi-phonon multi-gap room-Tc superconductivity on base of gallery of whispering circular zero-points phonon modes (twistons, rotons), in particular E2g-mode, resulting in resonant electron-phonon coupling. From a structural engineering point of view, a novel route in high-Tc and room-Tc superconductivity is advanced based on 2D crystals built from noncarbon MgB2, NbSe2, Sn, Bi or other superconducting nanotubes with expected record Tc. The suggested original model is in accordance with some recent experimental data confirming the effect of nanotubular superconductivity. Recent progress in synthesis of 2D nanochannel membrane and nanowire-brush templates, aligned nanotube arrays and nanotubular crystals are briefly reviewed as promising routes to fabricate these record nanotubular superconductors.
Protein analysis of human maculae in relation to age-related maculopathy. (1995)

The known association between haptoglobin beta-chain and atherosclerosis and the increase of this glycoprotein in human maculae with ARM supports the recently described relationship between atherosclerosis and ARM found in an epidemiologic study. Furthermore, the neovascular growth-stimulating properties of haptoglobin warrant further research into haptoglobin as a possible inducing agent of late stages of ARM.
Characterization of the essential role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through RNA interference (2018)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells and capable of differentiating into multiple cell types including osteoblastic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. We previously identified BMP9 as one of the most potent BMPs that induce osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs although exact molecular mechanism through which BMP9 regulates osteogenic differentiation remains to be fully understood. Here, we seek to develop a recombinant adenovirus system to optimally silence mouse BMP9 and then characterize the important role of BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Using two different siRNA bioinformatic prediction programs, we design five siRNAs targeting mouse BMP9 (or simB9), which are expressed under the control of the converging H1 and U6 promoters in recombinant adenovirus vectors. We demonstrate that two of the five siRNAs, simB9-4 and simB9-7, exhibit the highest efficiency on silencing exogenous mouse BMP9 in MSCs. Furthermore, simB9-4 and simB9-7 act synergistically in inhibiting BMP9-induced expression of osteogenic markers, matrix mineralization and ectopic bone formation from MSCs. Thus, our findings demonstrate the important role of BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The characterized simB9 siRNAs may be used as an important tool to investigate the molecular mechanism behind BMP9 osteogenic signaling. Our results also indicate that recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of siRNAs is efficient and sustained, and thus may be used as an effective delivery vehicle of siRNA therapeutics.
Matching Groups of People by Covariance Descriptor (2010)

In this paper, we present a new solution to the problem of matching groups of people across multiple non-overlapping cameras. Similar to the problem of matching individuals across cameras, matching groups of people also faces challenges such as variations of illumination conditions, poses and camera parameters. Moreover, people often swap their positions while walking in a group. In this paper, we propose to use covariance descriptor in appearance matching of group images. Covariance descriptor is shown to be a discriminative descriptor which captures both appearance and statistical properties of image regions. Furthermore, it presents a natural way of combining multiple heterogeneous features together with a relatively low dimensionality. Experimental results on two different datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A hybrid video codec with block-based and mesh-based motion compensation modes (1998)

This article presents a complete video codec which supports both block-based and mesh-based motion compensation modes. While the mesh-based modes are suitable for spatially continuous representation of in-plane rotations, zooms, and other motions that can be represented by parametric mappings, the block-based modes (especially overlapped block matching) perform better around motion boundaries. Therefore, a hybrid codec with block-based and mesh-based modes, which nicely complement each other, yields the best results over a wide range of video at low bit rates. Experimental results with MPEG-4 test sequences are shown to demonstrate the performance of the proposed hybrid codec. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 9, 248–256, 1998
Influence of Vibration on Work Performance during Ergometer Cycling (1989)

With a view to investigating how vibration affects dynamic working capacity, exercise tests were performed both with and without superimposed vibration. The performance of 8 healthy, non-smoking 20-year-old males exercising on a cycle ergometer at a constant load was studied on four occasions, with and without vibration in a randomly chosen order. The frequency of the vibration, which was applied vertically through the pedals, was 20 Hz and the acceleration was 20 m/s2 RMS. The handlebars and saddle of the cycle were insulated from the vibration. The exercise time averaged 47 min with vibration and 60 min without. The vibratory stress reduced the exercise time by 13 +/- 2.9 min (mean +/- SEM) (P less than 0.005). The average heart rate when the exercise was stopped was 180.3 beats/min with vibration and 180.7 beats/min without. The systolic blood pressure after 20 min averaged 188 mm Hg with vibration and 187 mm Hg without vibration. Both with and without vibration, 6 of the 8 subjects stated that leg fatigue was the cause of their inability to continue pedalling longer. Our conclusion is that in the performance of dynamic muscular work endurance may decrease under the influence of vibration.
Le trésor de la langue française et la méthode lexicographique (1969)

Martin Robert. Le trésor de la langue française et la méthode lexicographique. In: Langue française, n°2, 1969. Le lexique, sous la direction de Louis Guilbert. pp. 44-55.
Hardware-software co-design of embedded systems (1994)

This paper surveys the design of embedded computer systems, which use software running on programmable computers to implement system functions. Creating an embedded computer system which meets its performance, cost, and design time goals is a hardware-software co-design problem-the design of the hardware and software components influence each other. This paper emphasizes a historical approach to show the relationships between well-understood design problems and the as-yet unsolved problems in co-design. We describe the relationship between hardware and software architecture in the early stages of embedded system design. We describe analysis techniques for hardware and software relevant to the architectural choices required for hardware-software co-design. We also describe design and synthesis techniques for co-design and related problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Damage-induced MDMX Degradation Is Mediated by MDM2 (2003)

Although genetic studies have demonstrated that MDMX is essential to maintain p53 activity at low levels in non-stressed cells, it is unknown whether MDMX regulates p53 activation by DNA damage. We show here that DNA damage-induced p53 induction is associated with rapid down-regulation of the MDMX protein. Significantly, interference with MDMX down-regulation results in the suppression of p53 activation by genotoxic stress. We also demonstrate that DNA damage-induced MDMX reduction is mediated by MDM2, which targets MDMX for proteasomal degradation by a distinct mechanism that permits preferential MDMX degradation and therefore ensures optimal p53 activation.
New functional zonation in the ovary as shown by immunohistochemistry of luteinizing hormone receptor. (1992)

Monoclonal anti-LH receptor antibodies were used to study receptor distribution in the various structures of porcine ovary. Primordial and primary follicles were not labeled. Immunoreactivity appeared on the thecal cells of secondary follicles of approximately 100-200 microns in diameter. In large antral follicles and preovulatory follicles granulosa cells were also labeled, whereas two zones were observed in the theca interna. The region close to the lamina basalis (approximately 1/3 of the thecal cells) appeared devoid of LH receptors, whereas a strong labeling was observed on the most external region. Thecal cells were also labeled in atretic follicles. There was no labeling of the oocyte. In cyclic corpora lutea only the most external cells, probably of thecal origin, were stained. The most abundant cells, of granulosa origin, were not labeled. In the interstitium few cells were immunolabeled; they proceeded either from remnants of atretic follicles or existed as groups of isolated cells. Thus both the theca interna of preovulatory follicles and the corpus luteum are heterogenous structures composed of two zones of which only one is directly responsive to LH. No LH immunoactivity could be detected in nontarget organs (liver, lung, thyroid gland, small intestine, fallopian tube, and uterus).
Ticket-based fine-grained authorization service in the dynamic VO environment (2004)

Virtual Organization (VO) is a collection of users and distributed resources, in which resources are shared by users. Creating VOs is very important task in Grid computing. VOs are dynamically created for some goals and then disappear after the goals are achieved. Conventional authorization architectures for the Grid have been proposed in a single VO environment. However, in reality we often need to handle the situation of several dynamically created VOs. Hence, enough fine-grained authorization methods for all the Grid entities such as resource providers, VO manger, and users do not exist under the dynamic VO environment. In this paper, we propose a TAS architecture to support a fine-grained authorization service in a dynamic VO environment. In contrast to the conventional architecture, TAS architecture uses a ticket that is unforgeable and exchangeable among VO entities for resource control.
Young’s modulus of VO2 thin films as a function of temperature including insulator-to-metal transition regime (2008)

Young’s modulus of VO2 thin films has been measured for the first time through the material’s insulator-to-metal transition. The resonant frequency of silicon VO2 coated cantilevers was measured in the temperature range 30–90°C. It has been found that during the semiconductor to metallic transition of VO2 thin films, which occurs at a temperature of 68°C, Young’s modulus changes most dramatically with temperature, abruptly reversing its declining trend with increasing temperature. The film is stiffened through the transition and, as the temperature is further raised, the declining trend is reasserted at a similar rate.
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Nanoparticles (2011)

Nanoparticles are sphere-like biocompatible materials made of inert silica, metal or crystals of a few nanometers in size. They are emerging as a novel class of therapeutics for cancer treatment. Being more selective and specific toward their targets, nanoparticles have the ability to enhance the anticancer effects and to simultaneously reduce systemic toxicity compared with conventional therapeutics. Furthermore, they offer the potential to overcome drug resistance leading to higher intracellular drug accumulation. Nowadays, nanotechnologies are applied to molecular diagnostics and incorporated in cutting-edge molecular diagnostic methods, such as DNA and protein microarray biochips. Nanotechnologies enable diagnosis at the single-cell and single-molecule levels. Recent progress in cancer nanotechnology raises exciting opportunities for specific drug delivery. The purpose of this review is to give an overview about different types of nanoparticles and to summarize the latest results regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the clinic with more focus on cancer treatment. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities, limitations, and challenges faced by therapeutic nanoparticles.
Prevention of corticosteroid-induced suppression of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced damage of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon (1993)

Neutrophils (PMNs) are a critical line of defense against Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Increased frequency of invasive aspergillosis has been observed in patients receiving corticosteroids, suggesting a deleterious effect of these compounds on PMN antifungal function. To investigate this hypothesis and to determine the potential preventive utility of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), the effects of hydrocortisone (HCS) and dexamethasone (DXS) on PMN-induced damage of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae were studied with or without pretreatment of PMNs with G-CSF and IFN-gamma. PMNs treated with HCS (> or = 3,000 microM) or DXS (> or = 10 microM) during a 2-h colorimetric tetrazolium metabolic assay (using methylthiotetrazolium) showed suppressed percentage of hyphal damage (P < 0.02). In addition, both HCS (> or = 30 microM) and DXS (> or = 1 microM) significantly suppressed oxidative burst measured as superoxide anion release by PMNs in response to opsonized and nonopsonized hyphae as well as to N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine. Pretreatment of PMNs with G-CSF (4,000 U/ml) and/or IFN-gamma (100 and 1,000 U/ml) for 90 min prevented the suppression of hyphal damage that occurred in the presence of HCS (3,000 microM; P < 0.01) or DXS (10 microM; P < or = 0.001). G-CSF (4,000 U/ml) and IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) combined had an additive effect on increasing the antifungal activity of HCS-treated but not of DXS-treated PMNs compared with IFN-gamma alone (P = 0.015). Thus, these findings reveal that corticosteroids impair PMN function in response to A. fumigatus and that G-CSF and IFN-gamma prevent this impairment.
An Investigation of Electrical Properties of Porous Silicon (1999)

In this work, electrical properties of porous silicon structures, formed with electrochemical anodization in HF acid solution under two different current densities, were investigated. In these experiments, Sb doped (111)-oriented n-type silicon samples with 0.006-0.015 W cm resistivity was used. Samples were anodized in a solution of 38% HF and 99% C2H2OH at 1:1 ratio for 15 minutes. After anodization, the structures that formed at low current density (J = 5 mA/cm2) was compared with structures that formed at high current density (J = 30 mA/cm2). Both structures and electrical properties were investigated.
Hematological changes in long-term perfusion (1962)

Hematological changes were measured in 14 dogs during partial heart-lung bypass procedures of 10 hr duration with an extracorporeal flow approximating 40% of the cardiac output. The changes occurring during the 1st hr of perfusion were identical to those previously reported for short periods of total heart-lung bypass, namely, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Later on, however, compensatory mechanisms were manifested by the appearance of a leukocytosis with a shift to the left, a leveling off of thrombocyte counts, and the appearance of nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow studies revealed stimulation of myeloid tissues. These compensatory responses observed during perfusion were similar to changes which have been described as typical of the postperfusion period after shorter durations of extracorporeal circulation. The trauma inflicted on erythrocytes during extracorporeal blood handling became evident after perfusion as a marked anemia and an increased mechanical fragility of the red cells. Submitted on September 22, 1961
A Novel Tilting Micromirror with a Triangular Waveform Resonance Response and an Adjustable Resonance Frequency for Raster Scanning Applications (2007)

We present a novel tilting micro-mirror that has a triangular waveform resonance response, and a resonance frequency that can be continuously and reversibly adjusted. The triangular waveform and the adjustability of the resonance frequency are crucially important for raster-scanning applications. Although the mirror is driven by electrostatic forces, the triangular waveform is achieved by mechanical means. Our micro-mirror is driven by up to 60 Volts whereas to achieve the same waveform without the novel mechanical design would require extremely high voltages.
Inhibiting homologous recombination for cancer therapy (2012)

We review the rationale for seeking inhibitors of homologous recombination (HR) repair for use in cancer therapy. Cells use HR as one way to repair DNA double-strand breaks that arise directly from treatments such as radiotherapy, or indirectly during replication when forks encounter other damage. HR occurs during the S and G 2 phases of the cell cycle and is therefore more significant in dividing cancer cells than in non-dividing cells of healthy tissue, giving a potential therapeutic advantage to inhibiting the process. Also, some tumors consist of cells that are defective in other DNA repair pathways, and such cells may be sensitive to HR repair inhibitors because of synthetic lethality, in which blocking two alternative pathways that a cell can use to reach a needed end-point has a much bigger impact than blocking either pathway alone. We review strategies for identifying HR inhibitors and discuss current progress.
Design of a pulse stream neural network (2005)

A BiCMOS, asynchronous, pulse-stream neuron chip and a CMOS, asynchronous, pulse-stream synapse chip have been designed. The neuron chip uses novel circuitry to implement an accurate sigmoid transfer characteristic. The synapse chip uses a new pulse-stream implementation of the differential amplifier and requires only five transistors to produce a linear multiplier. Training has been performed in software using ideal models of the neurons and synapses.
Liver glutathione and glutathione reductase response of endotoxin-treated mice (1975)

The decrease in the level of liver glutathione (GSH) in endotoxin-treated mice was in part due to formation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG). An electron-generating system (EGS) had no effect when incubated with soluble liver extracts from normal controls but resulted in recovery of GSH amounting to 25% in endotoxin-treated animals. Incubation in the absence of the EGS caused a decline of 16% in the GSH in extracts from normal animals compared with a 50% decrease in endotoxin-treated animals. Exclusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) from the EGS resulted in a slight decline in the GSH of the extract from the normal controls but 25% for the endotoxin-treated animals. Reduction of exogenous GSSG by the liver extracts required that exogenous NADP be added to ghe incubation mixtures.