gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth-based inter-view motion data prediction for HEVC-based multiview video coding (2012)

The paper deals with efficient coding of motion data for compression of multiview video with depth maps. This research was done in the context of the new compression technology called High Efficiency Video Coding. In the proposed approach, motion vectors and reference frame indices are predicted from reference view for each pixel using the Depth-Based Motion Prediction (DBMP). The new codec with DBMP compression tool was compared to the multiview HEVC-based codec i.e. a set of HEVC codecs augmented with inter-view texture prediction tools adopted from classic multiview codec (MVC) based on the AVC technology. Extensive experiments show the potential of the new DBMP predictor to reduce bitrate up to 12% against the multiview HEVC-based codec.
Ketotifen—Old Drug, New Indication:Reduction of Gastric Mucosal Injury (1993)

The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of ketotifen (Zaditen), an effective antiasthmatic drug, in preventing indomethacin-induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury in a two-arm prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled and open study. Thirty healthy volunteers with endoscopic normal-appearing mucosa were randomly treated, double-blindly, for 1 week with either placebo or ketotifen, 2 mg twice daily. On day 7 indomethacin, 50 mg three times daily, was added. Two subjects, one from each group, were withdrawn from the study owing to non-compliance. Ten additional subjects received ketotifen, 2 mg twice daily, 24 h before indomethacin administration, in an open manner. A second endoscopy was performed 24 h after indomethacin was initiated. Mucosal damage in the stomach and duodenum (hemorrhages, erosions, ulcers) was scored in accordance with Lanza et al. or counted numerically. Adverse reactions were documented. Ketotifen reduced indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage, reducing the mean gastric lesion score from 2.85 +/- 0.20 in the placebo-treated group to 1.86 +/- 0.36 and in the subjects pretreated with ketotifen for 7 days. Ketotifen protected (lesion score < or = 1) 6 of 14 subjects pretreated for 7 days, whereas none of the 14 placebo-treated subjects were protected. Ketotifen had no statistically significant protective effects in the duodenum. In the open study lesion scores of patients pretreated with ketotifen for 24 h were similar to those pretreated for 7 days. Ketotifen is effective in the reduction of indomethacin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury. Further studies are required to verify these data in a more relevant clinical setting.
Object recognition and tracking for remote video surveillance (1999)

A system for real-time object recognition and tracking for remote video surveillance is presented. In order to meet real-time requirements, a unique feature, i.e., the statistical morphological skeleton, which achieves low computational complexity, accuracy of localization, and noise robustness has been considered for both object recognition and tracking. Recognition is obtained by comparing an analytical approximation of the skeleton function extracted from the analyzed image with that obtained from model objects stored into a database. Tracking is performed by applying an extended Kalman filter to a set of observable quantities derived from the detected skeleton and other geometric characteristics of the moving object. Several experiments are shown to illustrate the validity of the proposed method and to demonstrate its usefulness in video-based applications.
PASSIVE VELOCITY FIELD CONTROL (PVFC) APPROACH TO ROBOT FORCE CONTROL AND CONTOUR FOLLOWING (2000)

A passive velocity field control (PVFC) approach is proposed to achieve simultaneous contour following, and force profile tracking control. The approach has the unique features that 1) it is energetically passive so that when it physically interacts with an object, safety and contact stability properties are enhanced; 2) contour following task is coded using a velocity field instead of the a timed trajectory approach so that the coordination aspect of these tasks is explicit. Previous application of PVFC to contour following has shown that it has good contour tracking accuracies and robustness properties, especially at high speeds. The present paper combines an integral force controller with PVFC. The combined controller is ensured to be passive, and various modifications have been proposed to further enhance robustness to alleviate impact, and to ensure that the controller is numerically well conditioned. 1 Introduction In many applications, a robot is required to traverse along a co...
Gene therapeutic prospects in early onset of severe retinal dystrophy: restoration of vision in RPE65 Briard dogs using an AAV serotype 4 vector that specifically targets the retinal pigmented epithelium. (2006)

Previous studies have tested gene replacement therapy in RPE65 deficient dogs using recombinant adeno-associated virus 2/2 (rAAV2/2), -2/1 or -2/5 mediated delivery of the RPE65 gene. They all documented restoration of dark- and light-adapted ERG responses and improved psychophysical outcomes. Use of a specific RPE65 promoter and a rAAV vector that targets transgene expression specifically to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) may, however, provide a safer setting for the long-term therapeutic expression of RPE65. Subretinal injection of rAAV2 pseudotyped with serotype 4 (rAAV2/4) specifically targets the RPE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate a rAAV2/4 vector carrying a human RPE65cDNA driven by a human RPE65 promoter, for the ability to restore vision in RPE65-/- purebred Briard dogs. Recombinant rAAV2/4 and rAAV2/2 vectors containing similar human RPE65 promoter and cDNA cassettes were generated and administered subretinally in 8 affected dogs, ages 8 to 30 months (n = 6 with rAAV2/4, n = 2 with rAAV2/2). Although fluorescein angiography and OCT examinations displayed retinal abnormalities in treated retinas, electrophysiological analysis demonstrated that restoration of rod and cone photoreceptor function started as soon as 15 days post-injection, reaching maximal function at 3 months post-injection, and remaining stable thereafter in all animals treated at 8 to 11 months of age. As assessed by the ability of these animals to avoid obstacles in both dim and normal light, functional vision was restored in the treated eye, while the untreated contralateral eye served as an internal control. The dog treated at a later age (30 months) did not recover retinal function or vision, suggesting that there might be a therapeutic window for the successful treatment of RPE65 -/- dogs by gene replacement therapy.
Binding Sites for the Cytotoxic Metabolites of Estramustine Phosphate (Estracyt) in Rat and Human Pancreas that are Distinct from Pancreatic Estrogen-Binding Protein (1991)

The interaction of estramustine and estromustine, cytotoxic metabolites of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt), with protein-binding sites in rat pancreatic tissue was examined. These compounds were bound with relatively high affinity (Kd 10 nmol/L) to binding sites constituting 0.02-0.03% of total protein. Further characterization of these binding sites revealed a native molecular weight of 24-30,000 a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S, and a heterogenous surface-charge distribution by ion-exchange chromatography. Removal of endogenously bound ligand(s) by acetone precipitation or charcoal treatment increased binding significantly. Similar binding sites were present in two of two human pancreatic tumors, but was low or absent in the only histopathologically normal pancreas examined as well as in serum and pancreatic juice. These binding sites were distinct from the "estrogen-binding protein" reported in normal pancreas from various species, but were similar to the "estramustine-binding protein" (EMBP) in rat ventral prostate with respect to ligand specificity and the positive effect of endogenous ligand removal on binding. Furthermore, specimens demonstrating presence of these binding sites also indicated cross-reactivity with antibodies raised against the latter protein, suggesting an immunochemical relation between estra-/estromustine-binding sites in the pancreas and rat prostate EMBP. The presence of high-affinity sites for estramustine and estromustine in human pancreatic carcinomas make this type of tumor a possible target tissue for compounds that exert antiproliferative as well as antimitotic activity in vitro.
A Numerical Classification of the Genus Bacillus (1988)

Three hundred and sixty-eight strains of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria which included type and reference cultures of Bacillus and environmental isolates were studied. Overall similarities of these strains for 118 unit characters were determined by the SSM, SJ and DP coefficients and clustering achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. Test error was within acceptable limits. Six cluster-groups were defined at 70% SSM, which corresponded to 69% SP and 48-57% SJ. Groupings obtained with the three coefficients were generally similar but there were some changes in the definition and membership of cluster-groups and clusters, particularly with the SJ coefficient. The Bacillus strains were distributed among 31 major (4 or more strains), 18 minor (2 or 3 strains) and 30 single-member clusters at the 83% SSM level. Most of these clusters can be regarded as taxospecies. The heterogeneity of several species, including Bacillus brevis, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. megateriun, B. sphaericus and B. stearothermophilus, has been indicated and the species status of several taxa of hitherto uncertain validity confirmed. Thus on the basis of the numerical phenetic and appropriate (published) molecular genetic data, it is proposed that the following names be recognized; Bacillus flexus (Batchelor) nom. rev., Bacillus fusiformis (Smith et al.) comb. nov., Bacillus kaustophilus (Prickett) nom. rev., Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus (Larkin & Stokes) nom. rev. and Bacillus simplex (Gottheil) nom. rev. Other phenetically well-defined taxospecies included 'B. aneurinolyticus', 'B. apiarius', 'B. cascainensis', 'B. thiaminolyticus' and three clusters of environmental isolates related to B. firmus and previously described as 'B. firmus-B. lentus intermediates'. Future developments in the light of the numerical phenetic data are discussed.
Quantitative Multiplex Detection of Pathogen Biomarkers on Multichannel Waveguides (2009)

No single biomarker can accurately predict disease. An ideal biodetection technology should be capable of the quantitative, reproducible, and sensitive detection of a limited suite of such molecules. To this end, we have developed a multiplex biomarker assay for protective antigen and lethal factor of the Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin using semiconductor quantum dots as the fluorescence reporters on our waveguide-based biosensor platform. The platform is extendable to a wide array of biomarkers, facilitating rapid, quantitative, sensitive, and multiplex detection, better than achievable by conventional immunoassay. Our assay allows for the sensitive (limit of detection 1 pM each), specific (minimal nonspecific binding), and rapid (15 min) detection of these biomarkers in complex biological samples (e.g., serum). To address the issue of reproducibility in measurement and to increase our sample throughput, we have incorporated multichannel waveguides capable of simultaneous multiplex detection of biomarkers in three samples in quadruplicate. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and development of multichannel waveguides for the simultaneous detection of lethal factor and protective antigen in serum. Evaluation of the multichannel waveguide shows an excellent concordance with single-channel data and effective, simultaneous, and reproducible measurement of lethal toxins in three samples.
Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Diesel Soot and the Regeneration of Particulate Filters (2005)

A critical requirement for the implementation of diesel particulate filters on diesel-powered vehicles is having a low “break-even temperature” (BET), which is defined as the temperature at which particulate deposition on the filter is balanced by particulate oxidation on the filter. This balance point needs to occur at sufficiently low temperatures, either to fit within the exhaust temperature range of the typical duty cycle for a diesel vehicle or to require a minimum of active regeneration. Catalytic coating on the diesel particulate filter, the use of a fuel-borne catalyst, and oxidation catalysts placed upstream of the particulate filter can all reduce the BET. Another important factor in reducing the BET is the sulfur content of the fuel, because the sulfur dioxide generated during combustion can poison catalyst activity. However, fuel formulation factors other than sulfur content can also have significant effects on the BET. Considered in this work were low sulfur diesel fuel (LSD, 325 ppm sulfur), ultralow sulfur fuel (ULSD, 15 ppm sulfur), and blends of both diesel fuels with 20 wt % biodiesel. The lowest observed BET was for the 325 ppm sulfur fuel that was blended with 20 wt % biodiesel, due, in part, to increased engine-out NOx emissions with the B20 blend, which shows that the engine-out exhaust composition can be as or more important than sulfur content. Furthermore, examination of the soot generated with these fuels shows a variation in the nanostructure and the oxidative reactivity for soots derived from the different fuels. There exists evidence of correlation between reactivity and structure in the case of carbon blacks or coal chars that are synthesized from different hydrocarbons and at different temperature conditions. Soot nanostructures of particulates produced from different fuels in a commercial direct injection (DI) diesel engine were compared by means of high-resolution electron microscopy imaging. The crystalline information, such as the graphene layer size and orientation, is used to interpret the quantitative reactivity differences measured in an idealized thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) oxidation experiment. Together, these results show the potential impact of biodiesel blending on the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of soot and the impact these soot characteristics can have on particulate filter regeneration.
Reduction of unsteady stator-rotor interaction using trailing edge blowing (1999)

Abstract An aeroacoustic investigation was performed to assess the effects of adding mass flow at the trailing edges of stators upstream of an aircraft engine simulator. By using trailing edge blowing to minimize the shed wakes of the stators, the flow into the rotor was made more uniform, hence reducing the unsteady stator–rotor interaction. In these experiments, a reduced number of stators (four) was used in a 1/14 scale model inlet which was coupled to a 4·1in (10·4 cm) turbofan engine simulator. Steady state measurements of the aerodynamic flow field and acoustic far field were made in order to evaluate the aeroacoustic performance at three simulator speeds: 30k, 50k, and 70kr.p.m. The lowest test speed (30k r.p.m.) showed a noise reduction as large as 8·9dB in the blade passing tone. At 50k and 70kr.p.m., the reduction in blade passing tone was 5·5 and 2·6dB respectively. In addition, trailing edge blowing reduced the overall sound pressure level in every case. Aerodynamic measurements showed that fan face distortion was significantly reduced due to trailing edge blowing. The addition of trailing edge blowing from the four upstream stators did not change the operating point of the fan, and the mass flow added by the blowing was less than 1% of the fan mass flow rate. The results of these experiments clearly demonstrate that blowing from the trailing edges of the stators is effective in reducing unsteady stator–rotor interaction and the subsequent forward radiated noise.
A multiprocessor approach for meeting the processing requirements for OSI (1993)

To meet the increased communication processing requirements of high-speed networks, a multiprocessing network interface is considered for processing multiple layers of a communication protocol stack. In particular, the processing of the open systems interconnection (OSI) layers 2 to 6 on the network interface are considered. OSI processing is computationally expensive because of the inclusion of the transfer syntax conversion at the presentation layer. The approach taken is to process different packets in parallel. The results obtained from simulations indicate that the approach has promise for OSI processing at higher rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extended Floating Car Data System: Experimental Results and Application for a Hybrid Route Level of Service (2012)

This paper presents the results of a set of extensive experiments carried out under both daytime and nighttime real traffic conditions. The data were captured using an enhanced or extended Floating Car Data system (xFCD) that includes a stereo vision sensor for detecting the local traffic ahead. The collected information is then used to propose a novel approach to the level-of-service (LOS) calculation. This calculation uses information from both the xFCD and the magnetic loops deployed in the infrastructure to construct a speed/occupancy hybrid plane that characterizes the traffic state of a continuous route. In the xFCD system, the detection component implies the use of previously developed monocular approaches in combination with new stereo vision algorithms that add robustness to the detection and increase the accuracy of the measurements corresponding to relative distance and speed. In addition to the stereo pair of cameras, the vehicle is equipped with a low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS) and an electronic device for controller-area-network bus interfacing. The xFCD system has been tested in a 198-min sequence recorded in real traffic scenarios under different weather and illumination conditions. The results are promising and demonstrate that the xFCD system is ready for being used as a source of traffic status information. As an indicative example of the developed xFCD system, we construct a novel route LOS calculation that combines hybrid information about speed and occupancy from both the xFCD system and the magnetic loops in the infrastructure.
SGM-based dense disparity estimation using adaptive Census transform (2013)

Generating an accurate and dense disparity image is one of the important requirements for many applications such as 3D video and stereo vision-based advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Depth estimation is the process of obtaining a depth map based on two or more reference images. Recently, several techniques that use semi-global optimization for estimating depth maps have been suggested. Although robustness against illumination changes is a vital factor in applications like ADAS, semi-global matching (SGM) based on mutual information achieves limited performance under illumination changes. In this paper, a modified SGM algorithm is proposed which is based on adaptive window patterns of census transform. The goal of the proposed method is to improve the quality of the estimated depth map while reducing the processing time and making it applicable for depth-based pedestrian detection techniques. To enhance the quality of the estimated depth map, a spatial Gaussian weighted averaging filter along with a color-aware filter is implemented. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, the Middlebury stereo dataset and the KITTI vision benchmark have been used on the experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the percentage of bad pixels by 0.7-1.2% for the test sequences compared to the original SGM algorithm with reduced processing time.
Rheological Properties of High‐Methoxyl Pectin and Locust Bean Gum Solutions in Steady Shear (1992)

ABSTRACT The Cross and Carreau flow models described well the shear rate‐apparent viscosity data. The coil overlap parameter, c[η], correlated well with the zero‐shear rate specific viscosities of these mixtures. Experimental values of intrinsic viscosities of the mixtures were in good agreement with the prediction based on an additive model of the individual contributions of the gums. From the results obtained for the mixtures of both polysaccharide solutions at similar viscosity, pH and ionic strength, no significant interactions were detected. Hypotheses for this lack of polymer interaction were developed. Results with such model systems are useful in understanding the relation of composition to the properties of complex food systems.
Supporting quality of service in a terabit switch (2002)

We discuss a novel architecture for performing very high speed cell switching with earliest-deadline-first scheduling. An input queued switch with central EDF contention resolution is presented. Static RAM buffers are used in conjunction with fast hardware queues that sort ensembles of equivalent cells. Simulation results show that this approach yields low latency in the presence of bursty traffic, without requiring large queues to prevent cell loss. The results compare favorably to those of an ideal output buffered switch that could not be implemented at a similar link rate and cost.
Hitting them where it hurts? Low dose nalbuphine therapy (2002)

Low dose nalbuphine results in few adverse events, but offers poor pain control for a high proportion of patients.
An outline of acylation (1963)

D. P. N. Satchell, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1963, 17, 160 DOI: 10.1039/QR9631700160
An Electrospray Method Using a Multi‐Capillary Nozzle Emitter (2007)

Abstract A multi‐capillary nozzle emitter consisting of one metal plate with capillary nozzles and a ring type counter electrode was used as a multi‐electrospray atomizer. The number of capillary nozzles, flow rate of the liquid and the interval between the capillary nozzles were changed, and the droplet diameter and the voltage required for a steady cone‐jet mode were measured. For the multi‐capillary nozzle emitter, the interaction between the capillary nozzles is the important factor for obtaining fine droplets of uniform size. These fine droplets are obtained when there is only a small interaction between the capillary nozzles, and the equations obtained from the single capillary nozzle case are also applicable for the multi‐capillary nozzle emitter. When the number of capillary nozzles decreases (a situation which is not good for obtaining a large amount of droplets) or the interval between the capillary nozzles increases, the interaction between the capillary nozzles can be reduced. As the number of capillary nozzles increase, a higher voltage is required to obtain a fine droplet of uniform size.
Antifreeze protein genes of the winter flounder. (1984)

A genomic library of the winter flounder in lambda phage Charon 4 was screened with antifreeze protein cDNA. Nine genomic clones were isolated from three haploid genome equivalents of phage and were grouped into three classes on the basis of restriction mapping and heteroduplex analysis. The three chromosomal regions are non-overlapping and each contain two antifreeze protein genes spaced from 3 to 7 kilobase pairs apart. Genomic Southern blots indicate that these six non-allelic genes represent only 10-20% of the complement of this large multigene family. One gene has been identified by sequencing as a variant of the gene encoding the most abundant antifreeze protein. This gene is 1.0 kilobase pair long and contains an intervening sequence of 0.6 kilobase pairs between the coding region for the bulk of the signal sequence and that coding for the proprotein.