gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>GMPLS-based multiterabit optical router: design and experimentation</title> (2002)

Internet backbone network is undergoing a large-scale transformation from the current complex, static and multi-layer electronic-based architecture to the emerging simplified, dynamic and single-layer photonic-based architecture. The explosive growth in the Internet, multi-media services, and IP router links are demanding the next generation Internet that can accommodate the entire traffic in a cost-effective manner. There is a consensus in current industries that IP over WDM integration technologies will be viable for the next generation of the optical Internet where the simplified flat network architecture can facilitate the networking performance and the networking management. In this paper, we firstly propose a novel node architecture-Terabit Optical Router (TOR) for building the next generation optical Internet and analyzes each key function unit of TOR including multi-granularity electrical-optical hybrid switching fabrics, unified control plane unit and so on. Secondly, we discussed the unified control plane unit of TOR in detailed Thirdly we describe our cost vs. performance analysis for various application of TOR. According to our evaluation carriers can get a cost reduction of more than 60 percent by using the TOR. Finally, we reach conclusions that TORs rather than OBS or BFR(Big Fat Router) routers, a cost effective multi-granularity switching and routing technique, are feasible to build the next generation Internet.
Controlled randomised crossover trial of the effects of physiotherapy on mobility in chronic multiple sclerosis (2001)

A course of physiotherapy is associated with improved mobility, subjective wellbeing, and improved mood in chronic multiple sclerosis compared with no treatment but benefit may only last a few weeks: there is little to choose between home and hospital based therapy but the first is more costly, mainly due to skilled staff travelling time.
Contribution of ammonium ions to the lethality and antimetamorphic effects of ammonium perchlorate (2006)

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a widespread military waste product in the United States and is a potent thyroid function disruptor in all vertebrates tested thus far. To determine the relative contribution of ammonium ions to the toxicity of AP, we exposed embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis to various concentrations of sodium perchlorate (SP) or ammonium chloride (AC). Ammonium perchlorate was significantly more lethal than SP; 5-d LC50s were 83 and 2,780 mg/L, respectively. To determine whether ammonium ions contribute to the antithyroid effects of AP, we exposed embryonic and larval X. laevis to two sublethal, environmentally relevant concentrations of AP or identical concentrations of AC or SP. At the smaller concentration, only AP delayed metamorphosis and reduced hindlimb growth. Sodium perchlorate and AP, but not AC, prevented metamorphosis and reduced hindlimb growth at the greater concentration. Although AP was slightly more effective in reducing outward manifestations of thyroid disruption, both perchlorate salts, unlike AC, caused profound histopathologic changes in the thyroid. Exposure to the higher concentration of either perchlorate salt produced a feminizing effect, resulting in a skewed sex ratio. We conclude that ammonium ions contribute significantly to the toxicity of AP but not to the direct antithyroid effects of perchlorate.
Thyroid Tissue: US-guided Percutaneous Interstitial Laser Ablation—A Feasibility Study (2000)

ILP induces well-defined tissue ablation correlated with energy parameters in thyroid glands devoid of cystic areas. ILP could be a therapeutic tool for highly selected problems in thyroid tumor treatment.
Mechanisms of remodeling of gap junction distributions and the development of anatomic substrates of arrhythmias (1999)

Time for primary review 28 days. 

Alteration of structure (remodeling) is a fundamental response of the heart to injury or disease. It originates in changes in gene expression which, in turn, alter the types and amounts of regulatory and structural proteins in myocytes, the form and distribution of subcellular organelles (including the contractile apparatus and other specialized subcellular structures responsible for cardiac function), and changes in the structure of whole cells, the extracellular matrix and, ultimately, the tissue and whole organ. A change in cardiac structure inevitably leads to a change in cardiac function, but the complex relationships between altered structure and function are only beginning to be revealed. Although structural remodeling serves important adaptive purposes, maladaptive consequences of remodeling are likely to contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with heart disease.

An important clinical setting in which altered structure begets altered function and in which responses to injury may serve adaptive purposes, but also lead to maladaptive changes, is the development of anatomic substrates of ventricular arrhythmias. These ‘substrates’ arise as a consequence of structural alterations in response to common forms of heart disease such as myocardial infarction or systemic hypertension. Clearly, replacement of a transmural myocardial infarct by fibrous scar tissue limits the likelihood of fatal ventricular rupture and helps preserve optimal ventricular geometry. Similarly, development of myocyte hypertrophy allows the heart to function better in the face of chronic pressure overload. However, although these adaptations are beneficial, the structural alterations that result from these myocardial responses to injury can also change patterns of electrical activation of the heart that may enhance the risk of developing a serious ventricular arrhythmia. For example, sudden death in patients who have survived myocardial infarction often occurs by a reentrant mechanism in which derangements in conduction play a critical pathogenic role …
On-chip collection of particles and cells by AC electroosmotic pumping and dielectrophoresis using asymmetric microelectrodes (2011)

The recent development of microfluidic "lab on a chip" devices requiring sample sizes <100 μL has given rise to the need to concentrate dilute samples and trap analytes, especially for surface-based detection techniques. We demonstrate a particle collection device capable of concentrating micron-sized particles in a predetermined area by combining AC electroosmosis (ACEO) and dielectrophoresis (DEP). The planar asymmetric electrode pattern uses ACEO pumping to induce equal, quadrilateral flow directed towards a stagnant region in the center of the device. A number of system parameters affecting particle collection efficiency were investigated including electrode and gap width, chamber height, applied potential and frequency, and number of repeating electrode pairs and electrode geometry. The robustness of the on-chip collection design was evaluated against varying electrolyte concentrations, particle types, and particle sizes. These devices are amenable to integration with a variety of detection techniques such as optical evanescent waveguide sensing.
Perimeter security at San Francisco International Airport: Leveraging independent, existing systems to form an integrated solution (2009)

Perimeter security is a priority issue being addressed worldwide by aviation, marine port, military, and government agencies to counter threats of terrorism. These agencies are pursuing initiatives to find the appropriate combination of techniques that will yield productive and cost-effective solutions. At this conference last year, we presented a solution called SPAN: the Secure Perimeter Awareness Network. This year, we will detail the SPAN solution at San Francisco International Airport. In particular, this paper describes the installation, integration, and testing of multiple systems-where each system has unique capabilities-into a single perimeter security solution. Then, we detail how testing of these systems was accomplished in order to derive benefits from each so that the entire system works cooperatively and effectively.
Energy-efficient mobile gesture recognition with computation offloading (2011)

Gesture recognition is a novel and compelling user input modality which allows users to interact quickly and naturally with their devices with less demand on their visual attention. Continuous gesture recognition places stringent demands on device power consumption, battery life and processing capability. In this work, we show that we can reduce the energy consumed during continuous gesture recognition on a mobile device with the delegation of the pre-processing stages, which filter out non-gesture segments, to a low power node that is separate from the main CPU. The main CPU can thus be kept in stop mode until a potential gesture is detected by the low power node, invoking the main processor to perform the computation-intensive gesture classification to detect which exact gesture has been performed by the user. We present details of the processing performance and power consumed at each step of the processing pipeline, showing the extent of power savings achieved. Experiments were conducted for detailed evaluation of the power consumption of the optimized gesture pipeline.
NANOEMULSION: An Effective Drug Carrier for the Management of Psoriasis (2015)

NANOEMULSION: An Effective Drug Carrier for the Management of Psoriasis Rimmi Singh1*, Abhishek Chakravorty1, Priya Kumar2 and Ankita Chaturvedi3 1Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, India 3Department of Biotech, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Phosphorothioate Analogues of Alkyl Lysophosphatidic Acid as LPA<sub>3</sub> Receptor‐Selective Agonists (2006)

The metabolically stabilized LPA analogue 1-oleoyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerophosphorothioate (OMPT) was recently shown to be a potent subtype-selective agonist for LPA3, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the endothelial differentiation gene (EDG) family. Further stabilization was achieved by replacing the sn-1 O-acyl group with an O-alkyl ether. A new synthetic route for the enantiospecific synthesis of the resulting alkyl LPA phosphorothioate analogues is described. The pharmacological properties of the alkyl OMPT analogues were characterized for subtype-specific agonist activity using Ca2+-mobilization assays in RH7777 cells expressing the individual EDG family LPA receptors. Alkyl OMPT analogues induced cell migration in cancer cells mediated through LPA1. Alkyl OMPT analogues also activated Ca2+ release through LPA2 activation but with less potency than sn-1-oleoyl LPA. In contrast, alkyl OMPT analogues were potent LPA3 agonists. The alkyl OMPTs 1 and 3 induced cell proliferation at submicromolar concentrations in 10T 1/2 fibroblasts. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of the sn-2 methoxy group of the alkyl OMPT analogues was not recognized by any of the LPA receptors in the EDG family. By using a reporter gene assay for the LPA-activated nuclear transcription factor PPARgamma, we demonstrated that phosphorothioate diesters have agonist activity that is independent of their ligand properties at the LPA-activated GPCRs. The availability of new alkyl LPA analogues expands the scope of structure-activity studies and will further refine the molecular nature of ligand-receptor interactions for this class of GPCRs.
Laboratory Aspects of Management of Chronic Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2003)

In 1994, the U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation sponsored a consensus conference (33) on microbiology and infectious disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a homozygous recessive disease in individuals of Caucasian descent.The organization of that conference followed the recognition that the discovery of the CF gene in 1989 was not going to yield a quick cure for CF and that chronic pulmonary infection was the primary culprit in the early mortality associated with this disease.The resulting document made recommendations for the detection, isolation, identification, and susceptibility testing of organisms recognized as significant or potentially significant in the lung diseases of this patient population.The microbial species that are clearly associated with lung disease in CF patients (CF lung disease) are relatively few, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Table 1).Organisms having a secondary role in CF lung disease include respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus; Haemophilus influenzae; and Aspergillus fumigatus.Mycobacterium spp.but not Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans are being seen with increasing frequencies in CF patients, in part because of the increasing life spans of CF patients and the relentless use of antimicrobial agents in this patient population.However, the role of the latter organisms in CF lung disease has not been clearly determined.In addition, organisms that phenotypically resemble B. cepacia complex organisms (i.e., Burkholderia gladioli, Ralstonia spp., and Pandoraea spp.) are also being seen with increasing frequencies due to the use of selective media that improve the rates of recovery of B. cepacia complex isolates.These media also improve the rates of recovery of these other species.Although there are no data that suggest that these non-B.cepacia complex organisms play a role in CF lung disease, these organisms are difficult to differentiate phenotypically from B. cepacia complex.As we will review, misidentification of these seemingly harmless saprophytes as B. cepacia complex organisms may have profound consequences for the patient.This minireview discusses the state of the art in the laboratory diagnosis of the infectious agents associated with CF lung disease.
Learning Words from Context (1985)

SCHOOL CHILDREN appear to increase their vocabularies by thousands of words per year. Many have hypothesized that a large proportion of this growth occurs through incidental learning from written context. However, experimental research has until now failed to provide unequivocal support of this hypothesis. The present study attempted to determine whether students do acquire measurable knowledge about unfamiliar words while reading natural text. Fifty-seven eighth-grade students of average and above average reading ability read either an expository or a narrative text about 1,000 words in length. After reading, subjects completed two vocabulary assessment tasks on 15 target words from each passage (thus serving as controls for the passage not read), an individual interview and a multiple-choice test, both designed to tap partial knowledge of word meanings. Results of within-subject, hierarchical regression analyses showed small but statistically reliable gains in word knowledge from context. Tentative extrapolations from the results and current estimates of the volume of children's reading lead us to believe that incidental learning from context accounts for a substantial proportion of the vocabulary growth that occurs during the school years.
Demonstration of photonic fast packet switching at 700 Mbit/s data rate (1991)

Selfrouting of optical data through a photonic packet switch, with user data at 700 Mbit/s, is demonstrated. The switch is transparent to the bandwidth of the optical data thus allowing essentially unlimited payload bit rate.
Development of “Virtual and Real Simulator” for Engine (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We developed a progressive system, “virtual and real simulator (V&amp;R-S)” for engine. To innovate the process of engine development, the test system creates dynamic load of drivetrain, wheel, body and road with the virtual vehicle model. We set the phenomena such as drivetrain vibration for reproducing object of this system. The load is transmitted to the engine crankshaft end as torque with the connecting shaft made of fiberglass. The mainly developed technologies are the dynamometer with rotational inertia as low as engine, correction method of transmitted torque error of connecting shaft by H-infinity control. Thanks to these, we achieved the capability of optimization for most of dynamic characteristics (emission, fuel consumption, drivability) on engine test bench. And we now be able to limit real vehicle test to the final tuning. As a result, we have realized new engine evaluation and optimization process.</div>
Phase based level set segmentation of ultrasound images (2009)

Ultrasound images segmentation is a difficult problem due to speckle noise, low contrast and local changes of intensity. Intensity based methods do not perform particularly well on ultrasound images. However, it has been previously shown that these images respond well to local phase-based methods which are theoretically intensity-invariant. Here, we use level set propagation to capture the left ventricle boundaries. This uses a new speed term based on local phase and local orientation derived from the monogenic signal, which makes the algorithm robust to attenuation artefact. Furthermore, we use Cauchy kernels, instead of the commonly used log-Gabor, as pair of quadrature filters for the feature extraction. Preliminary results show that the proposed method can robustly handle noise, and captures well the low contrast boundaries.
Distinctive MicroRNA Profiles Relating to Patient Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2008)

Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer and one of the least studied cancers worldwide. The global microRNA expression profile of esophageal cancer has not been reported previously. Here, for the first time, we have investigated expressed microRNAs in cryopreserved esophageal cancer tissues using advanced microRNA microarray techniques. Our microarray analyses identified seven microRNAs that could distinguish malignant esophageal cancer lesions from adjacent normal tissues. Some microRNAs could be correlated with the different clinicopathologic classifications. High expression of hsa-miR-103/107 correlated with poor survival by univariate analysis as well as by multivariate analysis. These results indicate that microRNA expression profiles are important diagnostic and prognostic markers of esophageal cancer, which might be analyzed simply using economical approaches such as reverse transcription-PCR.
Mixing enhancement for high viscous fluids in a microfluidic chamber (2011)

Due to small channel dimensions and laminar flows, mixing in microfluidic systems is always a challenging task, especially for high viscous fluids. Here we report a method of enhancing microfluidic mixing for high viscous fluids using acoustically induced bubbles. The bubbles can be generated in an acoustically profiled microfluidic structure by using a piezoelectric disk activated at a working frequency range between 1.5 kHz and 2 kHz. The mixing enhancement is achieved through interactions between the oscillating bubbles and fluids. Both experimental studies and numerical simulations are conducted. In the experiments, DI water-glycerol mixture solutions with various viscosities were used. The results, based on the mixing efficiency calculated from experimentally acquired fluorescent images, showed that good mixing can occur in the DI water-glycerol solutions with their maximum viscosity up to 44.75 mPa s, which to our best knowledge is the highest viscosity of fluids in microfluidic mixing experiments. To explain the mechanisms of bubble generation, the numerical simulation results show that, corresponding to the actuations at the working frequency range used in the experiment, there exists a low pressure region where the pressure is lower than the water vapor pressure in the DI water-glycerol solutions, resulting in the generation of bubbles.
Metamaterial Dispersion Engineering Concepts and Applications (2011)

Metamaterial dispersion engineering is presented as a general concept for engineering the phase versus frequency response of microwave materials and devices. Two categories of metamaterials are considered, composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line and multiscale ferromagnetic nanowire (FMNW) metamaterials. The dispersive Drude properties of CRLH metamaterials are derived and corresponding application examples are described in terms of CRLH dominant Taylor dispersive parameters: a tight broadband coupled-line coupler (phase velocity parameter), an ultra-wideband pulse position modulator transmitter (group velocity parameter), and a leaky-wave antenna based real-time spectrum analyzer (group velocity dispersion parameter). FMNW metamaterials are discussed as a double-Lorentz example of a multiscale metamaterial with unique properties, and their applications are illustrated with the example of a dual-band edge-mode isolator based on the recently discovered double ferromagnetic resonance.
Circadian blood pressure variations under different pathophysiological conditions. (1990)

The daily variation in blood pressure (circadian blood pressure rhythm) is characterized by a nocturnal fall and a diurnal rise. The circadian blood pressure rhythm seems to be mediated mainly by the circadian rhythm of sympathetic tone, linked to changes in physical and mental activities, e.g. the waking-sleeping cycle. Statistically significant circadian blood pressure rhythms have been confirmed in approximately 80% of mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients as well as in normal subjects. However, the normal pattern of circadian blood pressure rhythm is reversed in elderly people and in those with Cushing's syndrome, those undergoing glucocorticoid treatment, and those with hyperthyroidism, central and/or peripheral autonomic dysfunction (Shy-Drager syndrome, tetraplegia, diabetic or uremic neuropathy, etc), chronic renal failure, renal or cardiac transplantation, congestive heart failure, eclampsia, sleep apnea syndrome, malignant hypertension, systemic atherosclerosis and accelerated hypertensive organ damage. However, in those with primary aldosteronism, renovascular hypertension, pheochromocytoma without paroxysmal hypertension, or those with cardiac pacing, a nocturnal blood pressure fall is ordinarily observed. It may be that a fall in cardiac output rather than in peripheral resistance may be mainly responsible for the nocturnal fall in blood pressure. It also seems that a nocturnal heart rate fall is not responsible for it, since the nocturnal blood pressure fall remained unchanged in patients undergoing cardiac pacing and was disturbed in patients with Cushing's syndrome or hyperthyroidism in whom the circadian heart rate rhythm remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imatinib: Paradigm or Anomaly? (2004)

The introduction of imatinib (Gleevec, Glivec, formerly STI571), an agent targeting the causative molecular event in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been heralded as a major advance in the treatment of cancer. Certainly, the clinical trials with imatinib have validated the concept that a precise understanding of the pathogenesis of a cancer can lead to more effective and less toxic therapies. Despite the success of imatinib, there remains much skepticism that this paradigm will be applicable to more complicated solid tumors. Whether this skepticism is appropriately deserved will be discussed.