gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time generation of continuous levels of detail for height fields (1998)

Height fields play an important role in the fast growing domain of Geographic Information Systems\n(GIS). For exploring different kinds of geographic-based data sets on screen it is necessary to display\nheight fields at interactive frame rates. Because of the inherent geometric complexity, this goal is\noften unachievable even with new generations of powerful graphics computers, unless the original\nheight field data is approximated in order to reduce the number of geometric primitives that need\nto be rendered without compromising visual quality.\nSo far most algorithms have focused on global reduction or multi-resolution techniques, which\nreduce resolution on the basis of surface roughness. A recent new approach called Continuous\nLevels of Detail \t[LKR+96] introduced a hierarchical quadtree technique. In order to reduce the projected pixel error, the height field is dynamically triangulated in a bottom up fashion according\nto the distance to the point of view. Since resolution is allowed to change smoothly, the result is\na much better image quality.\nHowever, this algorithm still has a major disadvantage. With the viewpoint moving, the triangulation is continuously changing, resulting in a phenomenon called vertex popping. As the observer\napproaches an area with detail information, this detail will suddenly appear at a certain distance.\nTo eliminate these artifacts we introduce a new, rapid geomorphing algorithm, which operates top\ndown on a quadtree data structure.
Tracking of changes in latency and amplitude of the evoked potential by using adaptive LMS filters and exponential averagers (1993)

The adaptive LMS algorithm in combination with exponential averagers are compared to the use of exponential averagers only in tracking latency and amplitude changes in the evoked potential. The estimator is intended for use in applications where neurologic functions are monitored by detecting changes in the evoked potential. Two different structures of the estimator are evaluated and it is found that averaging before filtering is to be preferred. It is shown that the desired signal to the LMS-filter can have a rather low SNR with only mirror influence on the estimator performance. The estimator which combines an LMS-filter and an exponential averager was shown to detect changes in latency faster than the estimator which uses a nonfiltered average. The LMS-filter is shown to exhibit bias in the estimate of the evoked potential due to the fact that response and background spectra has overlapping frequency ranges. The bias seems not to affect the latency estimation while amplitude estimation was clearly affected. Simulations are performed with both white noise and EEG background.
Gallium Oxide: Material Properties and Devices (2021)

This chapter presents state-of-the-art gallium oxide power device technologies at the time of writing, covering crystal structures, basic physical properties, bulk melt growth and thin-film epitaxial growth methods, and representative diodes and transistors.
Strategies for supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> fractionation of polydimethylsiloxane (1995)

Abstract The fractionation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using supercritical CO 2 was studied to determine the parameters of pressure and temperature required to separate specific molecular weights. On a laboratory scale, we show that this fractionation method can quickly provide gram quantities of the polymer with a polydispersity of around 1.2 for molecular weights in excess of 200 kg/mol. This technique has obvious applications in the preparation of PDMS for surface‐related uses. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Poultry carcass inspection by a fast line-scan imaging system: results from in-plant testing (2006)

During in-plant testing of a hyperspectral line-scan imaging system, images were acquired of wholesome and systemically diseased chickens on a commercial processing line moving at a speed 70 birds per minute. A fuzzy logic based algorithm using four key wavelengths, 468 nm, 501 nm, 582 nm, 629 nm, was developed using image data from the validation set of images of 543 wholesome and 66 systemically diseased chickens. A classification method using the fuzzy logic based algorithm was then tested on the testing set of images of 457 wholesome and 37 systemically diseased chickens, as well as 80 systemically diseased chickens that were imaged off-shift during breaks between normal processing shifts of the chicken plant. The classification method correctly identified 89.7% of wholesome chicken images and 98.5% of systemically diseased chicken images in the validation set. For the testing data set, the method correctly classified 96.7 % of 457 wholesome chicken images and 100% of 37 systemically diseased chicken images. The 80 images acquired off-shift were also 100% correctly identified.
Protein Termini and Their Modifications Revealed by Positional Proteomics (2015)

A myriad of co- and post-translational modifications occur at protein N- and C-termini, resulting in an extra layer of proteome complexity and an additional source of protein regulation. Here, we review N- and C-terminal modifications and the contemporary positional proteomics techniques used to isolate protein terminal peptides from complex protein mixtures and characterize their diversity and occurrence in biological systems. Furthermore, these degradomics strategies--often referred to as N- and C-terminomics--represent dedicated high-throughput techniques to study proteolysis in dynamic living systems. Over the past decade, terminomics studies have provided indispensable information on the functional states of individual proteins, cell types, tissues, and biological processes and delivered fundamental new data for the Human Proteome Project, including high confidence identifications of many so-called "missing proteins", which had not been identified by traditional proteomics analyses.
Design and Synthesis of “Dumb‐bell” and “Triangular” Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanopolyoxometalate Clusters and Their Characterisation through ESI‐MS Analyses (2011)

A series of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS)-based linear (bis(TRIS)) and triangular (tris(TRIS)) ligands has been synthesised and were covalently attached to the Wells-Dawson type cluster [P(2)V(3)W(15)O(62)](9-) to generate a series of nanometer-sized inorganic-organic hybrid polyoxometalate clusters. These huge hybrids, with a molecular mass similar to that of small proteins in the range of ≈10-16 kDa, were unambiguously characterised by using high-resolution ESI-MS. The ESI-MS spectra of these compounds revealed, in negative ion mode, a characteristic pattern showing distinct groups of peaks corresponding to different anionic charge states ranging from 3(-) to 8(-) for the hybrids. Each peak in these individual groups could be unambiguously assigned to the corresponding hybrid cluster anion with varying combinations of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) and other cations. This study therefore highlights the prowess of the high-resolution ESI-MS for the unambiguous characterisation of large, nanoscale, inorganic-organic hybrid clusters that have huge mass, of the order of 10-16 kDa. Also, the designed synthesis of these compounds points to the fact that we were able to achieve a great deal of structural pre-design in the synthesis of these inorganic-organic hybrid polyoxometalates (POMs) by means of a ligand design route, which is often not possible in traditional "one-pot" POM synthesis.
EFFECTS OF ARACHIDONIC ACID AND BRADYKININ ON THE CORONARY FLOW, RELEASE OF PGI2 AND CARDIAC FUNCTIONS IN THE PERFUSED GUINEA-PIG HEART (1982)

The contribution of prostacyclin (PGI2) to the coronary vasodilating action of arachidonic acid (AA) and bradykinin (BK) was examined in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts. The injection of AA (100 to 1,000 ng) and BK (1 to 100 ng) into the heart resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the total amount of coronary flow and a release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, a stable metabolite of PGI2. Both AA and BK showed weak positive chronotropic effects. In addition, higher doses (300 and 1,000 ng) of AA caused a transient reduction in the coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular dp/dt. The changes in coronary flow, release of PGI2, and all cardiodynamic parameters induced by AA were abolished by pretreatment of the preparation with diclofenac-Na. On the other hand, the BK-induced increase in coronary flow rate was only partially reduced by diclofenac-Na when the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α was completely inhibited. It is concluded that in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts, BK has both PGI2-independent and PGI2-dependent coronary vasodilating actions; the latter action is less than 25%, and the coronary vasodilating action of AA is mainly mediated via PGI2.
Research on real-time collision detection for vehicle driving in the virtual environment (2008)

Collision detection plays a critical role in the immersion and authenticity of virtual driving as a virtual reality system. Through analyzing and comparing several common algorithms of collision detection, a method of real-time collision detection was further developed, including two detecting phases, pre-collision detection and accurate-collision detection. First of all, Radar ranging theory was used in the pre-collision detection as it could predict the possible colliding region to save computer resources effectively. If the pre-collision were true, one collision type would be chosen which determined by the relative direction of two vehicles. Subsequently, an accurate collision detection were about to engage in corresponding to the collision type. Every collision type has its own collision detection algorithms. A mathematic model was built up for the minimal collision distance which ensured the real-time and authenticity of vehicle driving in virtual environment. The results showed that the method was simple and met the demand of real-time, which satisfied the detecting requirements of vehicle driving in the virtual environment. Moreover, it can also be used in other collision detection experiments.
Structure of indenylacetic acids (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of indenylacetic acidsR. D. Hoffsommer, D. Taub, and N. L. WendlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 4182–4184Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a102RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (430 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structuring wiki revision history (2007)

Revision history of a wiki page is traditionally maintained as a linear chronological sequence. We propose to represent revision history as a tree of versions. Every edge in the tree is given a weight, called adoption coefficient, indicating similarity between the two corresponding page versions. The same coefficients are used to build the tree. In the implementation described, adoption coefficients are derived from comparing texts of the versions, similarly to computing edit distance. The tree structure reflects actual evolution of page content, revealing reverts, vandalism, and edit wars, which is demonstrated on Wikipedia examples. The tree representation is useful for both human editors and automated algorithms, including trust and reputation schemes for wiki.
Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker, Organische Verbindungen (1965)

First Page
Effects of Photoelectrochemical Etching of N-Polar and Ga-Polar Gallium Nitride on Sapphire Substrates (2010)

We studied the effects of photo electrochemical (PEC) etching by using various concentrations (1, 2, and 4 M) of KOH solutions on both Ga- and N-face GaN layers on sapphire substrates. The Ga-face was chemically stable for KOH solutions, while by sharp contrast the KOH could etch the N-face, where the 6-fold symmetry was observed after the PEC etching. Surface texturing of GaN-based light emitting diodes and solar cells by KOH-based PEC etch could enhance the efficiency of GaN-based photonic devices by increasing the number of the scattering events and randomly changing the angles of the light.
Tailoring Peptidomimetics for Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions (2014)

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are a hallmark of cellular signaling. Such interactions occur abundantly within the cellular milieu and encompass interactions involved in vital cellular processes. Understanding the various types, mechanisms, and consequences of PPIs with respect to cellular signaling and function is vital for targeted drug therapy. Various types of small-molecule drugs and targeted approaches to drug design have been developed to modulate PPIs. Peptidomimetics offer an exciting class of therapeutics as they can be designed to target specific PPIs by mimicking key recognition motifs found at critical points in the interface of PPIs (e.g., hotspots). In contrast to peptides, peptidomimetics do not possess a natural peptide backbone structure but present essential functional groups in a required three-dimensional pattern complimentary to the protein-binding pocket. This design feature overcomes many limitations of peptide therapeutics including limited stability toward peptidases, poor transport across biologic membranes, and poor target specificity. Equally important is deciphering the structural requirements and amino acid residues critical to PPIs. This review provides an up-to-date perspective of the complexity of cellular signaling and strategies for targeting PPIs in disease states, particularly in cancer, using peptidomimetics, and highlights that the rational design of agents that target PPIs is not only feasible but is of the utmost clinical importance.
Open Reading Frame 50 Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Directly Activates the Viral PAN and K12 Genes by Binding to Related Response Elements (2002)

Open reading frame (ORF) 50 protein is capable of activating the entire lytic cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but its mechanism of action is not well characterized. Here we demonstrate that ORF 50 protein activates two KSHV lytic cycle genes, PAN (polyadenylated nuclear RNA) and K12, by binding to closely related response elements located approximately 60 to 100 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the start of transcription of the two genes. The 25-nt sequence 5' AAATGGGTGGCTAACCTGTCCAAAA from the PAN promoter (PANp) confers a response to ORF 50 protein in both epithelial cells and B cells in the absence of other KSHV proteins. The responsive region of DNA can be transferred to a heterologous minimal promoter. Extensive point mutagenesis showed that a span of at least 20 nt is essential for a response to ORF 50 protein. However, a minimum of six positions within this region were ambiguous. The related 26-nt responsive element in the K12 promoter (K12p), 5' GGAAATGGGTGGCTAACCCCTACATA, shares 20 nt (underlined) with the comparable region of PANp. The divergence is primarily at the 3' end. The DNA binding domain of ORF 50 protein, encompassing amino acids 1 to 490, fused to a heterologous activation domain from herpes simplex virus VP16 [ORF 50(1-490)+VP] can mediate activation of reporter constructs bearing these response elements. Most importantly, ORF 50(1-490)+VP can induce PAN RNA and K12 transcripts in transfected cells. ORF 50(1-490)+VP expressed in human cells binds specifically to duplex oligonucleotides containing the responsive regions from PANp and K12p. These DNA-protein complexes were supershifted by antibody to VP16. ORF 50(1-490) without a VP16 tag also bound to the response element. There was a strong correlation between DNA binding by ORF 50 and transcriptional activation. Mutations within PANp and K12p that impaired transactivation by ORF 50 or ORF 50(1-490)+VP also abolished DNA binding. Only one of eight related complexes formed on PANp and K12p oligonucleotides was due to ORF 50(1-490)+VP. The other complexes were due to cellular proteins. Two KSHV lytic-cycle promoters are activated by a similar mechanism that involves direct recognition of a homologous response element by the DNA binding domain of ORF 50 protein in the context of related cellular proteins.
Sharing trajectories of autonomous driving vehicles to achieve time-efficient path navigation (2013)

Traffic congestion arises to be a very serious problem especially in metropolitan cities nowadays. Drivers need to spend more time to their destinations. In this paper, a dynamic navigation protocol, called STN, is proposed to search for time-efficient paths for autonomous driving vehicles toward their given destinations. The trajectory information of vehicles is maintained in a server to assist the planning of navigation path. With STN, a vehicle sending a request message toward the nearest access point (AP) to acquire the driving path. By comparing the trajectories and time information in the system, the future traffic load can be predicted. The traffic load information enables the server to estimate driving speed within different paths toward the destination and then determines a time-efficient path. In addition, adjustment, update, and replan mechanisms are developed to reduce the deviation of prediction. To evaluate the performance of STN, the real road map of Shalu, Taiwan, including 20 road segments, is used. The simulator Estinet, formerly known as NCTUns (National Chiao Tung University Network Simulation) has been used for the validation of STN. The simulator integrates some traffic simulation capabilities, such as road network construction and vehicles mobility control, in the recent version. The simulation results demonstrate that STN saves around 14% driving time as compared with Vehicle-Assisted Shortest-Time Path Navigation (VAN).
Demonstration of narrow-band acoustooptic tunable filters on dispersion-enhanced single-mode fibers (2002)

The physical parameters affecting the bandwidth of acoustooptic tunable filter on single-mode (SM) fiber are investigated. Compared to standard step-index SM fiber, we found that the bandwidth-length product can be reduced by a factor of 1.3 and 4 for nonzero-dispersion-shifted and dispersion-compensating fibers (DCFs), respectively. Record narrow bandwidth of 0.4 nm is measured for a 28-cm-long DCF (D of - 100 ps/nm/km at 1550 nm). The measured results are in good agreement with calculated values.
The Use of Precontoured Humeral Locking Plates in the Management of Displaced Proximal Humerus Fracture (2009)

Ricchetti, Eric T. MD; DeMola, Philip M. DO, USAF; Roman, Don BS; Abboud, Joseph A. MD Author Information
Self-Assembly of Streptavidin/Bisbiotin Monolayers and Multilayers (1993)

Abstract A range of different bifunctional bisbiotin ligands have been synthesised and their ability to form polymers with the proteins avidin and streptavidin investigated. Polymers were characterised by gel chromatography and transmission electron microscopy.
Virtual Pedagogical Agents for English Language Teaching and Learning (2018)

A pedagogical agent is an animated talking head that is used to deliver multimedia content to learners through its appearance and voice narration. In English learning, a pedagogical agent can support multimedia‐enhanced English lessons with embedded human‐like speech, gesture, movement, and behaviors. English teachers can use a pedagogical agent as a tool to promote students' interests and motivation as well as to improve students' listening and speaking skills through social interactions. A pedagogical agent can be customized to provide a context of English usage and reinforce learning that occurred in previous lessons. This entry introduces what a pedagogical agent is and how it can be used in English learning. It also showcases four selected pedagogical agent design tools and examples. Readers will discover the benefits of using a pedagogical agent in multimedia‐enhanced learning and practical tips to design and implement a pedagogical agent before, during, and after an English lesson.
Coeds are Veterans, Too (1946)

A diploma is the target of Iowa State's women veterans, reports Mary Margaret Ryan
Molecular and Clinical Correlations in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 2: A Study of 32 Families (1997)

Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) is caused by the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract. One hundred and eighty four index patients with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I were screened for this mutation. We found expansion in 109 patients from 30 families of different geographical origins (15%) and in two isolated cases with no known family histories (2%). The SCA2 chromosomes contained from 34 to 57 repeats and consisted of a pure stretch of CAG, whereas all tested normal chromosomes (14-31 repeats), except one with 14 repeats, were interrupted by 1-3 repeats of CAA. As in other diseases caused by unstable mutations, a strong negative correlation was observed between the age at onset and the size of the CAG repeat (r = -0.81). The frequency of several clinical signs such as myoclonus, dystonia and myokymia increased with the number of CAG repeats whereas the frequency of others was related to disease duration. The CAG repeat was highly unstable during transmission with variations ranging from -8 to +12, and a mean increase of +2.2, but there was no significant difference according to the parental sex. This instability was confirmed by the high degree of gonadal mosaicism observed in sperm DNA of one patient.
Adaptive Low-Complexity MMSE Channel Estimation for OFDM (2006)

In this paper we present extremely low-complexity adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filters that approximate minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We show how the packet error rate (PER) can be significantly improved over conventional zero-forcing (ZF) estimation without incurring a significant increase in computational complexity. All quantitative results are provided in the context of multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) with standard IEEE channel models