gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and optimization of pilot-symbol-assisted MC-CDMA systems (2004)

Multi-carrier code division multiplex access (MC-CDMA) is one of the best candidates for the future broadband wireless multimedia communication systems. This work investigates the influence of channel estimation on the performance in MC-CDMA systems and the optimum pilot-to-data power ratio (PDR) is derived. Numerical results are presented and our conclusion is followed.
Horton v. California: The Plain View Doctrine Loses Its Inadvertency, 24 J. Marshall L. Rev. 891 (1991) (1991)

Under the fourth amendment 1 of the United States Constitution, police must conduct searches and seizures pursuant to search warrants which specifically describe the place to be searched and the items to be seized. 2One exception to the fourth amendment's warrant requirement is the plain view doctrine. 3 In Coolidge v.
Flow cytometric measurement of NK cell cytotoxicity. (1991)

A simple and fast method to measure the natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity has been established. In our novel assay, following the incubation of K562 target and effector cells, the cells were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-transferrin receptor (CD71) mAb. The K562 targets alone were labeled with anti-CD71 mAb, since CD71 is highly expressed on K562 cells but not on mononuclear cells. The fluorescence intensity of CD71 on K562 cells were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated. In our assay, designated as a "CD71 assay", no spontaneous release of anti-CD71 mAb was observed from labeled K562 cells and living K562 cells were able to be divided from dead K562 cells. The data obtained by this assay was well correlated with that by the standard 51Cr-release assay as well as the C-FDA assay. In addition, the CD71 assay is a safe and simple analytic procedure since no isotope is required.
Luteinizing Hormone-Dependent Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Network Is Essential for Ovulation (2006)

In the preovulatory ovarian follicle, mammalian oocytes are maintained in prophase meiotic arrest until the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge induces reentry into the first meiotic division. Dramatic changes in the somatic cells surrounding the oocytes and in the follicular wall are also induced by LH and are necessary for ovulation. Here, we provide genetic evidence that LH-dependent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is indispensable for oocyte reentry into the meiotic cell cycle, for the synthesis of the extracellular matrix surrounding the oocyte that causes cumulus expansion, and for follicle rupture in vivo. Mice deficient in either amphiregulin or epiregulin, two EGFR ligands, display delayed or reduced oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion. In compound-mutant mice in which loss of one EGFR ligand is associated with decreased signaling from a hypomorphic allele of the EGFR, LH no longer signals oocyte meiotic resumption. Moreover, induction of genes involved in cumulus expansion and follicle rupture is compromised in these mice, resulting in impaired ovulation. Thus, these studies demonstrate that LH induction of epidermal growth factor-like growth factors and EGFR transactivation are essential for the regulation of a critical physiological process such as ovulation and provide new strategies for manipulation of fertility.
Physiological Background of the Loss of Fractal Heart Rate Dynamics (2005)

The fractal organization of human HR dynamics is determined by a delicate interplay between sympathetic and vagal outflow, with the breakdown of fractal HR behavior toward more random dynamics occurring during coactivation of sympathetic and vagal outflow.
Approximation of building boundaries (2007)

This paper proposes different methods for the approximation of building boundaries extracted from laser scanner data by means of an image reconstruction algorithm (Arefi & Hahn, 2005). A polygon is fitted to the boundary points to approximate and reduce the number of points. The approximation process is performed in both vector and raster space. Results show the characteristics, particularly the strengthes and shortcomings of the different means for approximation.
Enzymatic incorporation of 2'-thio-CTP into the HDV ribozyme. (1998)

We have synthesized the analogue 2'-deoxy-2'-thio-CTP (CTP-SH) and tested its ability to support RNA transcription in place of CTP. The modified nucleotide in a transcription reaction and in the absence of CTP generated the appropriately sized fragment when a mutant T7 polymerase (Y639F) was used. Wild-type polymerase was unable to generate RNA under the same conditions. Transcription was optimal around pH 7.5 and was dependent upon CTP-SH concentration. Transcripts containing the analogue were efficiently isolated using a thiol-activated sepharose column. Insertion of CTP-SH into the HDV ribozyme, replacing all cytidine residues with 2'-thiocytidine, appears to inhibit self-cleaving activity, even in the presence of manganese. The ability to introduce the CTP-SH analogue enzymatically into RNA opens the way for new structure-function studies where the 2'-hydroxyl can be efficiently replaced by a thiol group.
Sibiriline, a new small chemical inhibitor of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1, prevents immune‐dependent hepatitis (2017)

Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death involved in several disease models including in particular liver diseases. Receptor-interacting protein kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, are the main serine/threonine kinases driving this cell death pathway. We screened a noncommercial, kinase-focused chemical library which allowed us to identify Sibiriline as a new inhibitor of necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-deficient Jurkat cells. Moreover, Sib inhibits necroptotic cell death induced by various death ligands in human or mouse cells while not protecting from caspase-dependent apoptosis. By using competition binding assay and recombinant kinase assays, we demonstrated that Sib is a rather specific competitive RIPK1 inhibitor. Molecular docking analysis shows that Sib is trapped closed to human RIPK1 adenosine triphosphate-binding site in a relatively hydrophobic pocket locking RIPK1 in an inactive conformation. In agreement with its RIPK1 inhibitory property, Sib inhibits both TNF-induced RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis. Finally, Sib protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. These results reveal the small-molecule Sib as a new RIPK1 inhibitor potentially of interest for the treatment of immune-dependent hepatitis.
An e-business chatbot using AIML and LSA (2016)

The e-business has completely changed the way of selling products. E-commerce is one of the e-business models which mostly do business over the internet. The major drawback of this field is quality of customer service they provide. In every e-business model, customers have to wait for a long time to get response from the customer service representative. Especially in case of live chat, they talk to multiple customers at a time. The responses may not be relevant as they copy paste pre-written answers. Also, the slow response and the long time wait for the service agent is the biggest headache in this field of online services. As a solution to this problem, we propose a chatbot which automatically gives immediate responses to the users based on the data set of Frequently Answered Questions (FAQs), using Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Template based questions like greetings and general questions will be answered using AIML and other service related questions use LSA to give responses.
A SIMPLE ALGORITHM FOR HOMEOMORPHIC SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION (2002)

The problem of computing a piecewise linear approximation to a surface from a set of sample points is important in solid modeling, computer graphics and computer vision. A recent algorithm 1 using the Voronoi diagram of the sample points gave a guarantee on the distance of the output surface from the original sampled surface assuming that the sample was sufficiently dense. We give a similar algorithm, simplifying the computation and the proof of the geometric guarantee. In addition, we guarantee that our output surface is homeomorphic to the original surface; to our knowledge this is the first such topological guarantee for this problem.
Fermi Level Position at Semiconductor Surfaces (1963)

There have been several recent reports of barrier height studies on metal-semiconductor interfaces. Metals of widely different work functions evaporated onto Si and GaAs surfaces indicated that in each case the energy difference\nbetween the semiconductor conduction band edge\nand Fermi level at the interface,φ_(Bn), was essentially\nindependent of the metal, which indicates\nthat the Fermi level is fixed by surface\nstates. In the present work barrier height measurements\nhave been made on a number of zinc-blende semiconductors to determine (a) if the barriers are in all cases determined by surface states, and (b) the relation between the Fermi\nenergy at the interface and the band gap E_g.
Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causative agent of a global outbreak of respiratory tract disease (COVID-19). In some patients the infection results in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. High serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and an immune hyperresponsiveness referred to as a 'cytokine storm' have been associated with poor clinical outcome. Despite the large numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths, information on the phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells is limited. Here, we studied 10 COVID-19 patients who required admission to an intensive care unit and detected SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in 10 out of 10 and 8 out of 10 patients, respectively. We also detected low levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in 2 out of 10 healthy controls not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, which is indicative of cross-reactivity due to past infection with 'common cold' coronaviruses. The strongest T-cell responses were directed to the spike (S) surface glycoprotein, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predominantly produced effector and Th1 cytokines, although Th2 and Th17 cytokines were also detected. Furthermore, we studied T-cell kinetics and showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present relatively early and increase over time. Collectively, these data shed light on the potential variations in T-cell responses as a function of disease severity, an issue that is key to understanding the potential role of immunopathology in the disease, and also inform vaccine design and evaluation.
Effects of systematic variation of amino acid sequence on the mechanical properties of a self-assembling, oligopeptide biomaterial (2002)

In order to elucidate design principles for biocompatible materials that can be created by in situ transformation from self-assembling oligopeptides, we investigate a class of oligopeptides that can self-assemble in salt solutions to form three-dimensional matrices. This class of peptides possesses a repeated sequence of amino acid residues with the type: hydrophobic/negatively-charged/hydrophobic/positively-charged. We systematically vary three chief aspects of this sequence type: (1) the hydrophobic side chains; (2) the charged side chains; and (3) the number of repeats. Each of these has been previously shown to influence the self-assembly properties of these materials. Employing a rheometric assay we measure the shear modulus of gels created from variants of each of these aspects. First, we observe order-of-magnitude changes in shear moduli when we vary oligopeptide length, with biphasic dependence on length. This result may be due to competition between, in short oligopeptides, additional repeats either increasing the diameter of the filaments or increasing the area of interaction between individual molecules and, in large oligopeptides, additional repeats allowing the oligopeptides to fold back upon themselves and decrease their effective length. Second, no statistically significant difference is observed among the hydrophobic variants, suggesting that hydrophobicity and steric overlap are unlikely to play a significant role in filament mechanical properties. Finally, in variation of the charged side chains we observe a small difference in the shear moduli that, if significant, may mean that decreasing the energetic penalty for dehydrating the charged side chains can lead to a stiffer matrix. Overall, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve order-of-magnitude changes in shear modulus by simple variations of oligopeptide length, while the residue substitutions affect only self-assembly properties. Thus, diverse aspects of these molecules can be designed rationally to yield desirable materials properties of different types.
Zintl Compounds (2004)

Abstract The term “Zintl phase” refers to a class of compounds and is used to recognize contributions to the field of solid‐state inorganic chemistry by Eduard Zintl. Zintl phases were initially defined as a subgroup of intermetallic phases where the anions or anionic network could be considered formally to be valence satisfied. These compounds are made up of electropositive elements from groups 1and 2 that, in a formal sense, donate their electrons to the electronegative elements from groups 13, 14, and 15, which use them to form the correct number of bonds such that each element has a filled shell. The initial definition has been expanded from the initial binary phases to include ternary phases and further enlarged to include transition metals and rare earth elements in some cases. The compounds that make up this class are described along with the corresponding Zintl anions arising from solution chemistry. Recent results in the field, such as the use of Zintl phases for novel materials, are also described.
Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal saltsCharles J. PedersenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 10, 2495–2496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00986a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00986a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6246Altmetric-Citations1513LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The protective effect of prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition against renal ischaemia requires application prior to ischaemia but is superior to EPO treatment (2011)

These findings are in line with the concept that PHD-Is exert their protective effects through accumulation of HIF target gene products, with time requirements for increased transcription and translation of HIF-dependent genes, and suggest that their renoprotective effect is not predominately mediated by EPO.
An application of high-speed microholography: the mertology of fogs (1974)

Holograms of fogs produced in a high-altitude propeller test cell were recorded in the following condition: Pressure 0,5 atm; temperature 0 °C; velocity of the fog 100 m/s. The droplet diameters ranged between 5 and 50 μm. Reconstructed images were enlarged X 1000 and visualized with the help of a TV-system. Individual measurements on the particules porvided the local concentration and diameter repartition. Moreover, the use of double-pulse holography gives the three components of the speed vector for each particle.
Elimination of hydrogenase active site assembly blocks H2 production and increases ethanol yield in Clostridium thermocellum (2015)

The dramatic increase in ethanol production suggests that targeting protein post-translational modification is a promising new approach for simultaneous inactivation of multiple enzymes.
Protein Detection Using Reversible Metal Chelate Stains (2003)

Electrophoretically separated proteins may be visualized using organic dyes, such as Ponceau red, Amido black, fast green, or most commonly Coomassie Brilliant Blue (,). Alternatively, sensitive detection methods have been devised using metal ions and colloids of gold, silver, copper, carbon, or iron (, , , , , , , , , ). Metal chelates form a third class of stains, consisting of organometallic complexes that bind avidly to proteins resolved in polyacrylamide gels or immobilized on solid-phase supports (). The metal chelate staining procedures are simple, requiring reagents that are easily prepared, are stable at room temperature, and can be reused several times without loss of sensitivity. The staining procedures are relatively inexpensive, since they do not utilize precious metals, such as gold or silver. Like Ponceau red stain, the metal chelate stains are readily reversible. Complexes form at acidic pH and elute on increasing the pH to 7.0–10.0. Metal chelates can be used to detect proteins on nitrocellulose, PVDF, and nylon membranes as well as in polyacrylamide gels. The metal complexes do not modify proteins, and are compatible with immunoblotting, lectin blotting, mass spectrometry, and Edman-based protein sequencing (, , , , ). Metal chelate stains are suitable for routine protein measurement in solid-phase assays owing to the quantitative stoichiometry of complex formation with proteins and peptides (,). Such solid-phase protein assays are more sensitive and resistant to chemical interference than their solution-based counterparts ().
Resolving Neurotransmitters Detected by Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (2004)

Carbon-fiber microelectrodes are frequently used as chemical sensors in biological preparations. In this work, we evaluated the ability of cyclic voltammograms recorded at fast-scan rates to resolve neurochemicals when analyzed by principal component regression. A calibration set of 30 cyclic voltammograms was constructed from 9 different substances at a variety of concentrations. The set was reduced by principal component analysis, and it was found that 99.5% of the variance in the data could be captured with five principal components. This set was used to evaluate cyclic voltammograms obtained with one or two compounds present in solution. In most cases, satisfactory predictions of the identity and concentration of analytes were obtained. Chemical dynamics were also resolved from a set of fast-scan cyclic voltammograms obtained with the electrode implanted in a region of a brain slice that contains dopaminergic terminals. Following stimulation, principal component regression of the data resolved the changes in dopamine and pH that were evoked. In a second test of the method, vesicular release was measured from adrenal medullary cells and the data were evaluated with a calibration set composed of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Cells that secreted one or the other were identified. Overall, the results show that principal component regression with appropriate calibration data allows resolution of substances that give overlapping cyclic voltammograms.
Efficient coupling of surface plasmon polaritons to radiation using a bi-grating (2001)

A nanostructured surface in the form of a bi-grating is shown to efficiently couple surface plasmon polaritons to free-space radiation in the visible part of the spectrum. Coupling was achieved for all propagation directions of the surface mode and the efficiency found to be independent of the propagation direction, taking a mean value of 60% for the structure examined. The consequences of the findings for emissive devices that make use of surface plasmons are discussed.
Optimization of Transfection (1997)

The single most important factor in optimizing transfection efficiency is selecting the proper transfection protocol. This overview discusses the most commonly used procedures: calcium phosphate-mediated gene transfer, DEAE-dextran-mediated gene transfer, electroporation, and liposome-mediated transfection. Fusion techniques such as protoplast fusion and microinjection may also be considered.
Multiple mechanisms of B cell immunoregulation in man after administration of <i>in vivo</i> corticosteroids. (1984)

Despite the extensive clinical use of corticosteroids (CS) in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, relatively little is known concerning the effects of CS on B cell function as measured by in vitro assays. The effects of single-dose vs several days of in vivo CS therapy on the spontaneous and mitogen-induced Ig production by human peripheral blood B cells are reported here. Spontaneous Ig production by individual B cells was enhanced by in vivo CS as measured by an in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The same increased response was also observed with a brief in vitro exposure of the B cells to CS, which suggests that a mere brief exposure to an active CS analogue is all that is required to produce the enhanced response. The immunoregulatory effects of in vivo CS on mitogen-induced Ig production are more complex. Pokeweed mitogen-induced PFC responses were suppressed 4 to 5 hr after a single in vivo pharmacologic dose of CS, with complete recovery by 24 hr. In contrast, after a 5-day course of CS, the suppressed PFC response did not recover until 60 hr after the last dose. Moreover, several mechanisms of suppression were operative. Ten hours after completing the 5-day course of CS, there was a relative enrichment in the peripheral blood compartment of lymphocytes bearing the OKT8 suppressor/cytotoxic T cell phenotype that coincided with a depressed PFC response. At 36 hr after the last dose, the T lymphocyte profile returned to normal while B cell function remained suppressed. The complex, multifaceted modulation of the immune response, resulting from redistribution of cell subsets as well as altered cell functions, vary with time-dose parameters of in vivo CS administration. These observations should provide additional insights into the heterogeneity of CS-induced therapeutic effects.