gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid‐based fat substitutes (1995)

Fats and oils account for 38% of the total calories in the diet of Western populations, especially in the U.S. They provide the most concentrated source of energy, 9 kcal/g of a triacylglycerol molecule compared with 4 kcal/g provided by carbohydrate and protein. In response to consumer demands for low-calorie or calorie-free fats and their reluctance to give up the taste of fat, current research efforts have been directed toward the development of lipid-like fat substitutes. These fat substitutes contain the fatty acids found in conventional fats and oils, with all the physical and organoleptic properties of fats, but provide few or no calories in the diet. Some of the fat substitutes are modified triacylglycerols (glycerol backbone) with reduced digestion and absorption; others are digestible and nondigestible carbohydrate fatty acid esters and polyesters, respectively. Sucrose polyester (Olestra), a sucrose molecule esterified with six to either fatty acids, is the most studied of the lipid-based fat substitutes containing a carbohydrate backbone. If approved by the FDA, sucrose polyester will find application in almost all fat-containing foods. Specialty fats or fat substitutes targeted to certain individuals with special needs are being developed. Among these are the medium-chain triacylglycerols and structured lipids (glycerol backbone), or ¿nutraceuticals¿ with reduced absorption and medical applications. Enzyme biotechnology is another tool available to lipid chemists to selectively modify, esterify, transform, transesterify, and interesterify fats and oils or synthesize new lipids such as structured lipids of food, nutritional, and medical importance. These designer fats may be the trend in the future to produce medical lipids that do not occur normally in nature. The different types of lipid-based fat substitutes are reviewed with respect to their synthesis, analysis, metabolism, potential applications/uses, and the future of fat substitutes.
Statistics of a Geometric Representation of Wavefront Distortion (1965)

A precise statistical definition is established for the geometric “shape” of a randomly distorted wavefront. Relationships between the phase-structure function and the statistics governing the shape are derived. The most significant portion of wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence is a random tilting of the plane-wave front. A procedure is outlined for calculating the influence of wavefront distortion on optical systems. Estimates are formed of the effect of wave-front distortion on photographic resolution and optical heterodyne efficiency.
Development of a SQUID-Based ${}^{3}\hbox{He}$ Co-Magnetometer Readout for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment (2012)

A discovery of a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron would provide one of the most important low energy tests of the discrete symmetries beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. A new search of neutron EDM, to be conducted at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is designed to improve the present experimental limit of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim\!\! 10^{-26}\ \hbox{e}\cdot \hbox{cm}$</tex> </formula> by two orders of magnitude. The experiment is based on the magnetic-resonance technique in which polarized neutrons precess at the Larmor frequency when placed in a static magnetic field; a nonzero EDM would be evident as a difference in precession frequency when a strong external electric field is applied parallel versus antiparallel to the magnetic field. In addition to its role as neutron spin-analyser via the spin-dependent <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{n}+{}^{3}\hbox{He}$</tex></formula> nuclear capture reaction, polarized helium-3 (which has negligible EDM) will serve as co-magnetometer to correct for drifts in the magnetic field. In one of the two methods that will be built into the apparatus, the helium-3 precession signal is read out by SQUID-based gradiometers. We present a design study of a SQUID system suitable for the neutron EDM apparatus, and discuss using very long leads between the pickup loop and the SQUID.
Electrodeposition of <i>p</i> ‐Type CuSCN Thin Films by a New Aqueous Electrolyte With Triethanolamine Chelation (2007)

A stable aqueous electrolyte solution containing Cu 2+ and SCN − was prepared by adding triethanolamine (TEA, N(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 3 ) to chelate with Cu(II) cations. The electrolyte solutions were basic, with pH values in the range of 8.5–9, and could be used in the electrodeposition of CuSCN as a hole‐conducting layer on a ZnO substrate and as an electron‐conducting layer for nanocrystal photovoltaic cells because it could prevent the ZnO layer from acidic etching. CuSCN films were potentiostatically deposited on indium tin oxide glass substrates through the aqueous solutions, and the deposition potential for the sole CuSCN phase layer was determined by a linear sweep voltammetry measurement. The influence of applied potentials, electrolyte components, and deposition temperatures on the stoichiometry, phase, and particle morphology of the CuSCN films was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectra, X‐ray diffraction, and a field‐emission scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the morphology of the dense CuSCN films was trigonal pyramid and the stoichiometric portions of SCN/Cu were excess of SCN. The current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristic of the junction between electrodeposited CuSCN and ZnO nanostructured layer displayed p ‐type semiconductor characteristics of CuSCN. The transmittance measurements detected high transmittance (≥87%) in the visible wavelength range, and the direct transition band gap calculated was 3.88 eV.
In vitro and in vivo regulation of liver epithelial cells carrying a metallothionein‐<i>ras</i>T24 fusion gene (1988)

We inserted a zinc-responsive metallothionein-rasT24 fusion gene in both orientations into a retroviral vector (SVX) and infected Fisher rat liver epithelial cells. Only the construction in which the viral long terminal repeat and the metallothionein promoters were in opposite orientations resulted in cell lines with biologically altered behavior. Two lines (MTR-1 and MTR-6) showed altered morphology in vitro when ZnSO4 was added to the medium. These cell lines grew in soft agarose in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed dose-dependent increases in the rate of synthesis of the mutant p21Ha-ras protein in these lines in response to ZnSO4. Both lines produced poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinomas when injected subcutaneously in Fisher rats, and tumors derived from MTR-6 cells grew more rapidly in animals on a zinc-supplemented diet than on a zinc-deficient diet. Uninfected liver epithelial cells showed no change in morphology in vitro after ZnSO4 addition and did not grow in soft agarose or after subcutaneous transplantation during the 14-wk experimental period. These results indicate that altered levels of expression of a single gene (rasT24) can have profound effect on the biologic behavior of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Filling the Gap in Vitamin A Research (2000)

Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) are essential components in vision; they contribute to pattern formation during development and exert multiple effects on cell differentiation with important clinical implications. It has been known for 50 years that the key step in the formation of vitamin A is the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene; however, this enzymatic step has resisted molecular analysis. A novel approach enabled us to clone and identify a beta-carotene dioxygenase from Drosophila melanogaster, expressing it into the background of a beta-carotene (provitamin A)-synthesizing and -accumulating Escherichia coli strain. The carotene-cleaving enzyme, identified here for the first time on the molecular level, is the basis of the numerous branches of vitamin A action and links plant and animal carotene metabolism.
Error Mitigation in MPEG-4 Audio Packet Communication Systems (2003)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or
Complications of sickle cell anemia in adults: Guidelines for effective management (1999)

Thanks to improved treatment, most patients with sickle cell disease now survive long into adulthood, but they still face a lifetime of complications and crises, including chronic hemolytic anemia, vascular occlusions, pain, and the side effects of therapy. This article consists of guidelines for diagnosing and treating problems encountered in adult patients with sickle cell disease.
An efficient algorithm for Co-segmentation (2009)

This paper is focused on the Co-segmentation problem [1] - where the objective is to segment a similar object from a pair of images. The background in the two images may be arbitrary; therefore, simultaneous segmentation of both images must be performed with a requirement that the appearance of the two sets of foreground pixels in the respective images are consistent. Existing approaches [1, 2] cast this problem as a Markov Random Field (MRF) based segmentation of the image pair with a regularized difference of the two histograms - assuming a Gaussian prior on the foreground appearance [1] or by calculating the sum of squared differences [2]. Both are interesting formulations but lead to difficult optimization problems, due to the presence of the second (histogram difference) term. The model proposed here bypasses measurement of the histogram differences in a direct fashion; we show that this enables obtaining efficient solutions to the underlying optimization model. Our new algorithm is similar to the existing methods in spirit, but differs substantially in that it can be solved to optimality in polynomial time using a maximum flow procedure on an appropriately constructed graph. We discuss our ideas and present promising experimental results.
Cross Attention Network for Few-shot Classification (2019)

Few-shot classification aims to recognize unlabeled samples from unseen classes given only few labeled samples. The unseen classes and low-data problem make few-shot classification very challenging. Many existing approaches extracted features from labeled and unlabeled samples independently, as a result, the features are not discriminative enough. In this work, we propose a novel Cross Attention Network to address the challenging problems in few-shot classification. Firstly, Cross Attention Module is introduced to deal with the problem of unseen classes. The module generates cross attention maps for each pair of class feature and query sample feature so as to highlight the target object regions, making the extracted feature more discriminative. Secondly, a transductive inference algorithm is proposed to alleviate the low-data problem, which iteratively utilizes the unlabeled query set to augment the support set, thereby making the class features more representative. Extensive experiments on two benchmarks show our method is a simple, effective and computationally efficient framework and outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Validation of a Clinical Assessment Tool for Spinal Anesthesia (2012)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious Issues Collections Obstetric Airway ManagementMaternal EmbolismRegional Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionGeneral Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionAnalgesia for LaborObstetric HemorrhagePre-Eclampsia/EclampsiaPharmacologyTraumaInfection and SepsisMaternal ObesityMaternl Morbidity and MortalityNeonatal Morbidity and MortalityObstetric ComplicationsAnesthetic ComplicationsNon-Obstetric Maternal DiseaseCritical CareDrug Abuse in PregnancyEthicsSystems Based Practice For Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Ihh promote bone repair (2014)

Our study has demonstrated that high Ihh signaling in a complex with MSCs enhanced bone regeneration effectively in a clinically relevant acute injury model. Even though the exact underlying mechanisms are still far from clear, our primary data suggested that enhanced chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis of MSCs at least partially contribute to the process. This study not only has implications for basic research of MSCs and Ihh signaling pathway but also points to the possibility of direct application of this specific paradigm to clinical bone repair.
Instruments That Learn, Refined Controllers, and Source Model Loudspeakers (1991)

David Wessel, Instruments That Learn, Refined Controllers, and Source Model Loudspeakers, Computer Music Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, Dream Machines for Computer Music: In Honor of John R. Pierce's 80th Birthday (Winter, 1991), pp. 82-86
Cytotoxic Effects of Korean Rice-wine (Yakju) on Cancer Cells (2004)

Cytotoxic effects of Korean rice-wine (Yakju) made with different processes and ingredients (Korean rice-wines I, II), red wine, white wine, beer, and Japanese rice-wine (Sake) were examined against human cancer lines (DLD-1, HepG2, K562) and mouse cancer lines (EMT6, LLC1). Red wine showed cytotoxic effect on all cancer lines, while Korean rice-wines I, and II showed cytotoxcity on all cancer cells except DLD-1. White wine, beer, and Japanese rice-wine had no or little cytotoxic effect against all cancer cell lines. Concentrate of Korean rice-wine only showed cytotoxic effect against DLD-1. These results suggest Korean rice-wine has strong anti-cancer effects, which are induced by certain rice-wine components.
Aqueous Oxygen Attenuation of Reperfusion Microvascular Ischemia in a Canine Model of Myocardial Infarction (2003)

Uncorrected microvascular ischemia may contribute to left ventricular impairment during reperfusion after prolonged coronary artery occlusion. Attenuation of such ischemia in microvessels with impaired erythrocyte flow may require delivery of oxygen at high levels in plasma. Intraarterial infusion of aqueous oxygen (AO) can be used in a site specific manner to achieve hyperoxemic levels of oxygenation in the perfusate. With this new approach, the hypothesis was tested that reperfusion microvascular ischemia can be attenuated. After a 90 min coronary balloon occlusion in a canine model, AO hyperoxemic intracoronary perfusion was performed for 90 min after a 30 min period of autoreperfusion. Control groups consisted of normoxemic reperfusion, both passive (autoreperfusion) and active (roller pump). A significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05) at 2 hr of reperfusion was noted only in the AO hyperoxemia group (17 +/- 6% by two dimensional echo), without a significant reduction in the improvement 1 hr after termination of treatment. During AO hyperoxemic perfusion, ECG ST segment isoelectric deviation normalized, and frequency of ventricular premature contractions was significantly reduced, in contrast to the autoreperfusion control group (p < 0.05). Microvascular blood flow, measured as the ischemic/normal left ventricular segment ratio by radiolabeled microspheres immediately after AO hyperoxemic perfusion, was double the value of the autoreperfusion control group at 2 hr of reperfusion (p < 0.05). We conclude that reperfusion microvascular ischemia is attenuated by intracoronary AO hyperoxemic perfusion and acutely improves left ventricular function in this model.
George H. Bailey, D.V.S. (2005)

This article provides biographical information about noted Maine veterinarian George H. Bailey, 1832-1905. He was also an owner, breeder, and trainer of trotting horses for over 25 years and made many contributions to the horse breeding industry of Maine.
The role of the Peyer's patch in carcinogenesis. II. 3-Methylcholanthrene-induced lymphoid malignancies in rat Peyer's patches (1986)

To determine whether B or T lymphoid malignancies could be induced following the exposure of lymphoid cells within different lymphoid organs to a potential chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) was directly injected into surgically exposed Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), axillary lymph nodes (ALN) or spleens (SP) of Copenhagen rats. A high incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders was observed within rats which received 3-MC injections into the PP, but not in MLN, ALN or SP injected groups of rats. In addition to the PP environment, the dose of 3-MC and exposure to pristane were important factors in the induction of T versus B cell disorders. Whereas the B cell diseases were observed in pristane-treated rats which also received PP injections of low doses (5 or 50 micrograms) of 3-MC, in animals receiving a higher dose (500 micrograms) a much higher incidence of T cell disorders was detected. The observed lymphoproliferative diseases were categorized as B lymphocytic leukemias, B lymphomas or thymic lymphomas on the basis of histological examination of the tissues, white blood cell numbers and differentials, and the morphological and phenotypic characteristics of cell isolates. Abnormal DNA staining characteristics, increased soft agar cloning frequencies and metastasis of the leukemia or tumor cells indicated that malignant cells were associated with the proliferative diseases. Collectively the data indicate that primary lymphoid malignancies of either B or T cell origins may be preferentially and reproducibly induced by localizing low or high doses respectively, of 3-MC within the PP of rats exposed to pristane. These results suggest that PP may have a possible role in the carcinogenesis of lymphocytes following the exposure to chemical carcinogens via the gastrointestinal tract.
Identification of Novel <scp>d</scp>-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors by in Silico Screening and Their Functional Characterization in Vitro (2013)

D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a degradative enzyme that is stereospecific for D-amino acids, including D-serine and D-alanine, which are potential coagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Dysfunction of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission has been implicated in the onset of various mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Hence, a DAO inhibitor that augments the brain levels of D-serine and/or D-alanine and thereby activates NMDA receptor function is expected to be an antipsychotic drug, for instance, in the treatment of schizophrenia. In the search for potent DAO inhibitor(s), a large number of compounds were screened in silico, and several compounds were estimated as candidates. These compounds were then characterized and evaluated as novel DAO inhibitors in vitro. The results reported in this study indicate that some of these compounds are possible lead compounds for the development of a clinically useful DAO inhibitor and have the potential to serve as active site probes to elucidate the structure-function relationships of DAO.
Control of Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots by State Feedback Linearization (1995)

We are concerned in this article with the control of wheeled mobile robots, which constitute a class of nonholonomic mech anical systems. More precisely, we are interested in solving the problem of tracking with stability of a reference trajectory, by means of linearizing "static" and "dynamic" state feedback laws. We give conditions to avoid possible singularities of the feedback laws.
One-step aqueous synthesis of blue-emitting glutathione-capped ZnSe<sub>1−x</sub>Te<sub>x</sub>alloyed nanocrystals (2009)

This work demonstrates a facile one-step aqueous synthesis of blue-emitting glutathione-capped ZnSe(1-x)Te(x) nanocrystals possessing photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 20%. The incorporation of the NCs into a water dispersed polymer was performed in order to enhance their stability and processability resulting in transparent blue-emitting inorganic-organic composites.
The role of palmitoylation of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G11<i>α</i> in defining interaction with the plasma membrane (1995)

Mutations of Cys-9 to serine, Cys-10 to serine and a combination of both alterations were produced in a cDNA encoding murine G11 alpha to potentially interfere with the ability of the expressed polypeptides to act as substrates for post-translational palmitoylation. Each of these mutants and the wild-type protein were expressed in simian COS-1 cells. Mutation of either cysteine-9 or cysteine-10 decreased the degree of palmitoylation of the protein by some 80% compared with the wild-type, while the double mutant totally failed to incorporate [3H]palmitate. By contrast, in all transfections the endogenously expressed simian G11 alpha incorporated [3H]palmitate to similar levels. Particulate and cytoplasmic fractions from these cells were subjected to SDS/PAGE under conditions which allow resolution of primate and rodent forms of G11 alpha. Immunoblotting of these fractions demonstrated that in all cases the endogenously expressed simian G11 alpha was exclusively associated with the particulate fraction, as was the transfected and expressed wild-type murine G11 alpha. By contrast, each of the mutated forms of murine G11 alpha displayed a distribution in which approx. 70% of the expressed protein was present in the particulate fraction and 30% in the supernatant. To examine the conformation of the particulate expressed forms of murine G11 alpha, these fractions were treated with various concentrations of sodium cholate and immunoblots were subsequently performed on the solubilized and remaining particulate proteins. Whereas essentially all of the endogenous simian G11 alpha was solubilized by treatment with 1% (w/v) sodium cholate and some 50% with 0.32% cholate, expressed wild-type murine G11 alpha was more recalcitrant to solubilization. However, that fraction of wild-type murine G11 alpha which was solubilized behaved identically to the endogenous simian G11 alpha on Superose-12 gel-exclusion chromatography. The particulate fraction of the C9S/C10S double mutant of murine G11 alpha was highly resistant to solubilization by sodium cholate, whereas the particulate fractions of the two single cysteine to serine mutants were intermediate to the wild-type and double mutant in their ability to be solubilized by this detergent. These data demonstrate that the palmitoylation status of the cysteine residues at positions 9 and 10 in murine G11 alpha plays a central role in defining membrane association of this G-protein and indicate that much of the particulate fraction of the expressed palmitoylation-resistant mutants is likely to represent non-functional rather than correctly folded protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Robust selective signal suppression using binomial off‐resonant rectangular (BORR) pulses (2013)

The BORR pulse method provides a simple, efficient, and robust selective signal suppression alternative for three-dimensional short TR (repetition time) imaging.