gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some comments on seabed propagation of ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields (1990)

A reference model for the electrical conductivity structure beneath the deep seafloor is proposed and justified using a variety of geophysical evidence. The model consists of relatively conductive sediment and crustal layers of 6.5 km extent overlying a resistive (≈10 −5 S/m) subcrustal channel of 30 km thickness and terminated in a deeper conductive layer and half‐space. Its seafloor‐to‐seafloor response to a horizontal electric dipole source is explored as a function of frequency and range, showing that, compared with the response for a half‐space with the lowest conductivity in the reference model, significant enhancement of the field amplitude can occur at long ranges (>100 km) and low frequencies (<1 Hz). At the same time, marked attenuation relative to the half‐space response is seen at higher frequencies. The field enhancement is due to trapping of electromagnetic energy in a leaky subcrustal waveguide, as demonstrated by computing the complex Poynting vector. The attenuation occurs in the relatively conductive sedimentary and crustal layers overlying the lithospheric waveguide when their electrical thickness exceeds a skin depth. The results indicate that attempts either to model controlled electromagnetic sources or to interpret controlled source data using half‐space models for the Earth can be badly misleading. The practicality of lithospheric communications in the real Earth is also investigated. Using measured receiver noise figures and the reference model, the receiver bandwidth necessary to achieve a given signal‐to‐noise ratio as a function of range and frequency is estimated for a seafloor horizontal source of strength 10 5 A‐m. The results indicate that significant (≈100 km) ranges can be achieved only around 1 Hz with a bandwidth of ≈1 Hz at a SNR of 10, yielding a very low data rate of <3.5 bits/s. Longer ranges and higher frequencies are precluded by attenuation in the sediment and crustal layers and because the conductivity in the resistive channel is too large.
Crystal structures of truncated alphaA and alphaB crystallins reveal structural mechanisms of polydispersity important for eye lens function (2010)

Small heat shock proteins alphaA and alphaB crystallin form highly polydisperse oligomers that frustrate protein aggregation, crystallization, and amyloid formation. Here, we present the crystal structures of truncated forms of bovine alphaA crystallin (AAC(59-163)) and human alphaB crystallin (ABC(68-162)), both containing the C-terminal extension that functions in chaperone action and oligomeric assembly. In both structures, the C-terminal extensions swap into neighboring molecules, creating runaway domain swaps. This interface, termed DS, enables crystallin polydispersity because the C-terminal extension is palindromic and thereby allows the formation of equivalent residue interactions in both directions. That is, we observe that the extension binds in opposite directions at the DS interfaces of AAC(59-163) and ABC(68-162). A second dimeric interface, termed AP, also enables polydispersity by forming an antiparallel beta sheet with three distinct registration shifts. These two polymorphic interfaces enforce polydispersity of alpha crystallin. This evolved polydispersity suggests molecular mechanisms for chaperone action and for prevention of crystallization, both necessary for transparency of eye lenses.
Purification and reaction mechanism of the primary inhibitor of plasmin from human plasma (1978)

The primary inhibitor of plasmin in human plasma was purified by a four-step procedure involving fractional (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on a column of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and affinity chromatography on both a plasminogen-CH-Sepharose 4B column and a column of 6-aminohexanoic acid covalently coupled through the carboxylate function to AH-Sepharose 4B. No impurities in the final preparation could be detected when tested by immunoelectrophoresis against a range of specific antisera or against rabbit anti-human serum. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the inhibitor preparation showed a single band. The dissociation constant for the inhibitor-plasminogen complex was determined to be approx. 3mum at pH7.8. The reactions of the inhibitor with human plasmin and with bovine trypsin were studied. Comparison of the results obtained confirms the hypothesis previously presented, namely that the reaction of the inhibitor with plasmin involves at least two steps, the initial rapid formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex followed by a slow irreversible transition to another complex. The results also indicate that the reaction of the inhibitor with trypsin involves just a single, irreversible step, so that this reaction seems to be less complicated than that of the inhibitor with plasmin. The ways in which 6-aminohexanoic acid influences the reactions were studied. The same value for the dissociation constant (approx. 26mum) for 6-aminohexanoic acid is obtained for both its effect on the reaction of the inhibitor with trypsin and for competitive inhibition of trypsin. The inhibitory effect of 6-aminohexanoic acid thus seems to be due to its blocking of the active site of trypsin. In contrast with this, the inhibitory effects of l-lysine and 6-aminohexanoic acid on the inhibitor-plasmin reaction occur at concentrations much too low to affect the active site of plasmin. The possible dependence of the reaction of the inhibitor with plasmin on a second site(s) on plasmin is discussed.
A New Revocation Method for Standard Model Group Signature (2014)

Membership revocation is practically necessary for group signature schemes. At present, most revocable group signature schemes are based on ROM model and many standard model group signature schemes do not support revocation. We present a novel and general revocation method for standard model group signature scheme based on length-reducing commitment and Groth-Sahai proof system, and demonstrate its usage by adding revocation capability to the Groth’s full secure group signature scheme. The new method supports two different kinds of linkability for members when signing.
Chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and hydroxyindole acetic acid evaluation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (1999)

The results of the current study demonstrate that CgA has the highest accuracy and is the most reliable biomarker reflecting the clinical evolution of NETs.
Correcting Axial Chromatic Aberration in a Fixed Focal Plane, Near-infrared Imaging System (2006)

Distortions of an image in an optical imaging system due to differing indices of refraction for each wavelength of light are categorized as chromatic aberration (CA). Different magnifications at each wavelength result in geometric distortion of images known as Lateral Chromatic Aberration (LCA), while differing focal planes result in blurring of specific wavelengths known as Axial Chromatic Aberration (ACA). The current study reviews methods and tests an algorithm that can compensate for the substantial ACA that occurs in a fixed focal plane near-infrared imaging system. The system examined employs a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) based hyperspectral imaging system capable of automatically acquiring a hyperspectral data cube in the 900 - 1700 nm range. The experiments use a test pattern image containing multiple grids with a known geometry to establish ground truth for the acquired image. Data shows that ACA distortion of images at 1600 nm with imaging system properly focused at 1000 nm is visibly severe. The proposed method to correct for ACA is based on deconvolution theory and uses a geometric model in favor of a physical model to estimate the point spread function (PSF). Experimental results indicate that the approach taken is feasible and robust.
A Novel 1.5V DC Offset Cancellation CMOS Down Conversion Mixer (2005)

This paper presents a novel DC offset cancellation mixer for a direct conversion receiver. The proposed mixer is designed in a TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.5V for 2.1 GHz applications. The extra feedback circuitry is used to cancel the DC offset; common mode feedback (CMFB) is used for active load. The designed mixer has a conversion gain of 33 dB, NF of 3.9 dB and -13 dBm of IIP3. The DC offset is observed as 2%. Moreover, the proposed mixer consumes only 5.4 mA of current.
Changing faces: Visual and non‐visual coding processes in face recognition (1982)

Two experiments examined the effect of recognition accuracy and latency of changing the view of faces between presentation and test. In Expt 1, all the faces were unfamiliar to the subjects. Faces at test were either unchanged, or changed in angle (e.g. full face to 3/4), expression (e.g. smiling to unsmiling) or both. Unchanged faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than faces with a change in angle or expression which were in turn better than faces with both changed. In Expt 2, half the faces were highly familiar to the subjects, and at test unfamiliar and familiar faces were either unchanged or changed in both angle and expression. Unfamiliar faces were recognized more slowly and less accurately if changed at test, while familiar faces were recognized more slowly though no less accurately if change (though performance was effectively at ceiling). Familiar faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar, though false positive rates and rejection latencies were similar for familiars and unfamiliars. The results are discussed in terms of the combination of information from "pictorial', "structural', and "semantic' and "name' codes.
Towards Providing Enhanced 911 Emergency Service in IP Telephony (1999)

Emergency service is a critical service provided in the public switched telephone network. With the increasing demand to introduce IP Telephony, the issue of providing 911 service in the new environment will arise. In this paper, we address the issue of emergency 911 service in the TCP-UDP/IP network architecture that supports enhanced emergency features. We identify the functionalities needed in this environment. In particular, we outline a Location Resolution Protocol that is needed for the infrastructure; further, we describe various components in the E911-IP environment, and present a conceptual view on how the service can be provided when the Location Resolution Protocol is coupled with other existing and proposed protocols. In addition, we present the call initialization processing steps in the new environment.
Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of γ-AlOOH and γ-Al_2O_3 nanosheets (2012)

γ-AlOOH nanosheets were successfully prepared via microwave hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 30 min,by using Al(NO3)3·9H2O,urea as raw materials and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as surfactant respectively.The morphology-contained γ-Al2O3 can be obtained though the thermal decomposition of γ-AlOOH precursors at 600℃ for 2h.The as-prepared products were characterized by SEM,TEM,SAED and XRD etc.Finally,γ-Al2O3 nanosheets were used to adsorb Congo red from water solution.The experimental results shown that γ-AlOOH nanosheets about 1 μm long,30nm thick can be obtained by using the microwave hydrothermal method.The morphology-contained γ-AlOOH nanosheets were obtained after a thermal decomposition process,and nanometer-size holes appear on the surface of the nanosheets.γ-Al2O3 nanosheets are powerful in the removal of Congo red pollutant from waste water.
Radio direction-finding by the cyclical differential measurement of phase (1947)

This paper introduces a new general type of direction-finding and beacon system in which an appreciable reduction of the usual site errors is achieved by the use of aerial structures of wide aperture, the ambiguity normally associated with such systems being resolved by the manner in which the aerials are connected.Practical forms of the new system generally consist of a circularly disposed array of vertical aerials which are cyclically connected, singly or in groups, by a process of electronic commutation to a receiving device. The basic principle can best be appreciated by considering a single vertical aerial connected to a receiver and caused to move continuously along a circular path in the horizontal plane at a uniform rate. The motion of the aerial would impose a phase modulation on any received signal, and the horizontal direction of arrival of the signal could be determined if this modulation could be related to the law of motion of the aerial.Several types of direction-finder using the same basic principle are possible; these are outlined and classified. The practical and theoretical advantages of the system are discussed, and two directionfinders, one for use in the very-high-frequency band, the other in the high-frequency band, are described.The paper is confined to an account of the more important aspects of the subject, attention being paid to the fundamental requirements of the system and the means whereby they are met in practice. The mechanism whereby site errors are suppressed is outlined, and a comparison with the orthodox Adcock types of direction-finder is made, in which it is shown that, just as a phase-modulation communication system has certain inherent superiorities over an amplitudemodulation system, so the method of phase comparison has similaradvantages over other forms of direction-finder.
Structural Polypeptides of Type 12 Human Adenovirus (1982)

Similarities in the trypsin sensitivity of certain polypeptides of adenovirus types 5 and 12 (Ad5 and Ad12) have been used to identify some capsid polypeptides of Ad12. One of the polypeptides suggested to be the IIIa of Ad12 has proved to be the major structural phosphoprotein as in the case of Ad5.
Spin-Dependent Transport in Molecular Tunnel Junctions (2004)

We present measurements of magnetic tunnel junctions made using a self-assembled-monolayer molecular barrier. Ni-octanethiol-Ni samples were fabricated in a nanopore geometry. The devices exhibit significant changes in resistance as the angle between the magnetic moments in the two electrodes is varied, demonstrating that low-energy electrons can traverse the molecular barrier while remaining spin polarized. An analysis of the voltage and temperature dependence of the data suggests that the spin-polarized transport signals can be degraded by localized states in the molecular barriers.
Current understanding of herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme (2008)

In this article evidence summarizing our present understanding of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is reviewed. The numbers of circulating bone marrowderived CD34+ stem cells, including the subset that differentiates into skin antigen-presenting cells, known as Langerhans’ cells (LCs), are increased in patients with HAEM. During their circulation through a HSV-infected site, these cells become infected and sustain viral DNA fragmentation. The DNA fragments are subsequently deposited at distant skin sites where the HSV genes are expressed. Viral DNA polymerase (Pol) is the major gene product expressed in most (70–75%) HAEM lesions. Viral gene expression triggers the recruitment of HSV-specifi c CD4+ Th1 cells that respond to viral antigens by producing IFN-γ. Pol also induces a skin infl ammatory response that is based on molecular mimicry and upregulation/activation of the transcription factor SP-1 and its target genes TGF-β and Hsp27. This response is amplifi ed by IFN-γ and is associated with the autoreactive T-cell recruitment to the skin. Recently, a new variant of HAEM that follows stem cell transplants in patients with hematological malignancies was also described. Use of PCR to measure HSV DNA and immunohistochemistry for a HAEM profi le (antibodies to Pol, IFN-γ, SP-1, TGF-β and Hsp27) provide a differential diagnosis of HAEM and should preferentially be performed early after lesion onset (days 3–10). Prophylactic antiviral chemotherapy, notably with acyclovir or valacyclovir, inhibits HSV reactivation and prevents HAEM development.
Polymer-Enriched 3D Graphene Foams for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Graphene foams (GFs) are versatile nanoplatforms for biomedical applications because of their excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, the brittleness and inflexibility of pristine GF (pGF) are some of the important factors restricting their widespread application. Here, a chemical-vapor-deposition-assisted method was used to synthesize 3D GFs, which were subsequently spin-coated with polymer to produce polymer-enriched 3D GFs with high conductivity and flexibility. Compared to pGF, both poly(vinylidene fluoride)-enriched GF (PVDF/GF) and polycaprolactone-enriched GF (PCL/GF) scaffolds showed improved flexibility and handleability. Despite the presence of the polymers, the polymer-enriched 3D GF scaffolds retained high levels of electrical conductivity because of the presence of microcracks that allowed for the flow of electrons through the material. In addition, polymer enrichment of GF led to an enhancement in the formation of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) compounds when the scaffolds were exposed to simulated body fluid. Between the two polymers tested, PCL enrichment of GF resulted in a higher in vitro mineralization nucleation rate because the oxygen-containing functional group of PCL had a higher affinity for Ca-P deposition and formation compared to the polar carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond in PVDF. Taken together, our current findings are a stepping stone toward future applications of polymer-enriched 3D GFs in the treatment of bone defects as well as other biomedical applications.
MetaMIS: a metagenomic microbial interaction simulator based on microbial community profiles (2016)

Abstract Background The complexity and dynamics of microbial communities are major factors in the ecology of a system. With the NGS technique, metagenomics data provides a new way to explore microbial interactions. Lotka-Volterra models, which have been widely used to infer animal interactions in dynamic systems, have recently been applied to the analysis of metagenomic data. Results In this paper, we present the Lotka-Volterra model based tool, the Meta genomic M icrobial I nteracticon S imulator (MetaMIS), which is designed to analyze the time series data of microbial community profiles. MetaMIS first infers underlying microbial interactions from abundance tables for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and then interprets interaction networks using the Lotka-Volterra model. We also embed a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity method in MetaMIS in order to evaluate the similarity to biological reality. MetaMIS is designed to tolerate a high level of missing data, and can estimate interaction information without the influence of rare microbes. For each interaction network, MetaMIS systematically examines interaction patterns (such as mutualism or competition) and refines the biotic role within microbes. As a case study, we collect a human male fecal microbiome and show that Micrococcaceae , a relatively low abundance OTU, is highly connected with 13 dominant OTUs and seems to play a critical role. MetaMIS is able to organize multiple interaction networks into a consensus network for comparative studies; thus we as a case study have also identified a consensus interaction network between female and male fecal microbiomes. Conclusions MetaMIS provides an efficient and user-friendly platform that may reveal new insights into metagenomics data. MetaMIS is freely available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/metamis/ .
Collecting Fecal Samples for Microbiome Analyses in Epidemiology Studies (2015)

Having standardized method of collecting and storing stable fecal samples will allow future investigations into the role of gut microbiota in chronic disease etiology in large population studies.
Norepinephrine Release in Medial Amygdala Facilitates Activation of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis in Response to Acute Immobilisation Stress (2005)

Activation of the brain noradrenergic system during stress plays an important integrative function in coping and stress adaptation by facilitating transmission in many brain regions involved in regulating behavioural and physiological components of the stress response. The medial amygdala (MeA) has been implicated in modulation of stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and MeA is a target of innervation from brainstem noradrenergic neurones. However, it is not known whether, and to what extent, activation of the ascending noradrenergic innervation of MeA might modulate stress-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. In the first experiment in this study, we measured extracellular norepinephrine (NE) levels in MeA using in vivo microdialysis. The concentration of NE in dialysate samples collected in MeA was elevated by more than three-fold over baseline in response to acute immobilisation stress, providing evidence of a possible modulatory role for NE in the MeA during stress. This potential role was then assessed in the second experiment by measuring changes in the elevation of plasma ACTH concentration induced by acute immobilisation stress immediately following bilateral microinjections of alpha1- or beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists directly into MeA. Compared to vehicle-injected controls, the alpha1-receptor antagonist benoxathian dose-dependently and significantly attenuated the ACTH response to acute stress, whereas combined beta1/beta2-receptor blockade in MeA had only a modest effect. These results indicate that MeA does play a role in the stress response, and support the hypothesis that stress-induced activation of NE release in MeA, acting primarily through alpha1 receptors, facilitates activation of the HPA axis in response to acute stress.
Purification of nanogram-range immunoprecipitated DNA in ChIP-seq application (2017)

This study provides comparative data on commercial DNA purification reagents applied to nanogram-range immunopreciptated ChIP DNA and evidence for the importance of storage conditions of low nanogram-range purified DNA. We verified consistent high performance of a subset of the tested reagents. These results will facilitate the improvement of ChIP-seq methodology for low-input applications.
FlexiDC:A Flexible Platform for Database Conversion (2018)

Database conversion is a process to transfer data from one database to another along with its structure. Since there are many database systems created by organization or individuals, such systems can be in diverse types such as Access, Oracle and MySql. The progression in technology requires some systems to be upgraded to a newer system (e.g., adding new records' structures, changing platform) or migrated (e.g., adapting to a newer version of a system). In order to work with different types of database, a common platform is needed to do data integration or conversion due to their heterogeneity and platform diversity. This paper presents a computerized tool, namely FlexiDC, which is implemented using Java programming language to provide a single platform for database conversion. This platform uses Oracle as a working platform that allows records from various formats and types of databases to be integrated and manipulated before producing a single or multiple databases. Novelties of this work are column level conversion and flexible changing of data type. Therefore, the cost and time to deal with any database enhancement, migration, integration, conversion and new development can be reduced in order to accommodate with the changing requirements in the existing databases.