gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current pharmacological management of anorexia in cancer patients. (1992)

Cancer cachexia is one of the most prevalent and devastating syndromes associated with advanced cancer. Its main clinical manifestation is profound anorexia. Progestational drugs have shown meaningful effects on appetite, food intake, and nutritional status in patients with advanced cancer and AIDS, and could be useful in managing anorexia. Corticosteroids also seem to produce increased appetite, but these effects are short-lived. Cyproheptadine, hydrazine sulfate, and cannabinoids also are being studied in the management of cancer-induced anorexia, but their role has not yet been clearly established. Future research should evaluate how the different drugs affect specific symptoms associated with cachexia.
Expression of Notch-1 and its ligand Jagged-1 in rat liver during liver regeneration (2004)

The Notch/Jagged signaling pathway is important for cellular differentiation and proliferation. Its dysfunction is associated with human pathologies in several tissues including liver. Point mutations in Jagged-1 gene are the cause for Alagille syndrome, associated with paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. To determine the putative role of the trans-membrane receptor Notch and its ligand Jagged-1 in liver regeneration, we investigated the expression of Notch and Jagged-1 in rat liver following 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Immunohistochemical staining of normal rat liver showed that Notch was expressed in hepatocytes, bile duct cells and endothelial cells, whereas Jagged-1 was expressed in bile duct cells and hepatocytes. Both Notch-1 and Jagged-1 proteins were upregulated in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy up to day 4. After partial hepatectomy, nuclear translocation of the intracellular cytoplasmic domain of Notch (NICD) increased and peaked within 15 minutes, indicating the activation of Notch. Expression of the Notch-dependent target gene (HES-1) expression increased within 30-60 minutes. Addition of recombinant Jagged-1 protein to primary cultures of hepatocytes stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Furthermore, injection of silencing RNA for Notch and Jagged-1 to livers 2 days before partial hepatectomy significantly suppressed proliferation of hepatocytes at days 2 to 4 of the regenerative response. In conclusion, Notch/Jagged signaling pathway is activated during liver regeneration and is potentially contributing to signals affecting cell growth and differentiation.
A high-valent oxomanganese dimer containing bridging and terminal inorganic phosphate ligands (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA high-valent oxomanganese dimer containing bridging and terminal inorganic phosphate ligandsJoseph E. Sarneski, Mary Didiuk, H. Holden Thorp, Robert H. Crabtree, Gary W. Brudvig, J. W. Faller, and Gayle K. SchulteCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 14, 2833–2835Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00014a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (419 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bias Correction For Paid Search In Media Mix Modeling (2018)

Evaluating the return on ad spend (ROAS), the causal effect of advertising on sales, is critical to advertisers for understanding the performance of their existing marketing strategy as well as how to improve and optimize it. Media Mix Modeling (MMM) has been used as a convenient analytical tool to address the problem using observational data. However it is well recognized that MMM suffers from various fundamental challenges: data collection, model specification and selection bias due to ad targeting, among others \citep{chan2017,wolfe2016}. In this paper, we study the challenge associated with measuring the impact of search ads in MMM, namely the selection bias due to ad targeting. Using causal diagrams of the search ad environment, we derive a statistically principled method for bias correction based on the \textit{back-door} criterion \citep{pearl2013causality}. We use case studies to show that the method provides promising results by comparison with results from randomized experiments. We also report a more complex case study where the advertiser had spent on more than a dozen media channels but results from a randomized experiment are not available. Both our theory and empirical studies suggest that in some common, practical scenarios, one may be able to obtain an approximately unbiased estimate of search ad ROAS.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Vascular Disease (1970)

Repeated high-pressure injection of saline into the arterial system via carotid cannula in normal, ether-anesthetized rats has been previously shown to produce acute necrotizing lesions in the renal vasculature. In this study administration of the vasodilator aminophylline prior to high-pressure injections led to similar lesions, produced in dilated, hyperdistended vessels, at far lower pressures than in control animals, demonstrating that neither vasoconstriction nor the absolute height of blood pressure is a critical determinant in production of lesions. In the second part of the study previous treatment with desoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-saline for 12 to 18 days rendered the renal vasculature abnormally prone to lesions after high-pressure injections, compared with normal rats so injected or those receiving a DOCA-saline regimen only. Glomerular lesions were more severe than can be explained on the basis of simple addition of the lesions resulting from high-pressure injections to those arising from DOCA administration. This increased susceptibility of the vasculature to elevated pressure is probably a function of focal alteration of vascular smooth muscle. These observations support the proposal that hypertensive vascular lesions occur in dilated, hyperdistended vessels and the glomeruli distal to them, the dilatation probably resulting from focal smooth muscle alteration with partial or complete loss of contractility.
Specific degradation of CRABP-II via cIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation induced by hybrid molecules that crosslink cIAP1 and the target protein (2011)

Manipulation of protein stability with small molecules is a challenge in the field of drug discovery. Here we show that cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II (CRABP-II) can be specifically degraded by a novel compound, SNIPER-4, consisting of (--)-N-[(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyryl]-L-leucine methyl ester and all-trans retinoic acid that are ligands for cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and CRABP-II, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SNIPER-4 induces cIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation of CRABP-II, resulting in the proteasomal degradation. The protein knockdown strategy employing the structure of SNIPER-4 could be applicable to other target proteins.
Tungsten Carbide Nanocrystal Promoted Pt/C Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction (2005)

Tungsten carbide nanocrystals on carbon (W2C/C) and tungsten carbide nanocrystals and Pt on carbon (Pt-W2C/C) composite electrocatalysts were prepared by the intermittent microwave heating (IMH) method and tested for the electroreduction of oxygen in the acidic media for the first time. The results revealed that the tungsten carbide nanocrystal promoted Pt/C electrocatalyst was very active for ORR with the onset potential of 1.0 V vs SHE at ambient temperature that is over 100 mV more positive compared with that of traditional Pt/C electrocatalyst. The kinetic parameters were determined. The exchange current densities at both high and low overpotential regions are two orders higher for ORR on Pt-W2C/C than that on Pt/C, showing a synergetic effect to improve the activity for ORR. The novel electrocatalysts show a poisoning resistant property toward methanol.
Generation of 15-μm radiation through intracavity solid-state Raman shifting in Ba(NO_3)_2 nonlinear crystals (1995)

An intracavity solid-state Ba(NO3)2 Raman shifter produces 1.535–1.556-μm radiation when pumped by a Nd3+:YAG laser operating at 1.318–1.338 μm. Raman beam cleanup and 48% energy conversion efficiency have been observed. Second Stokes lines at 1.82–186 μm were observed in the output at higher pump input energy levels. Diffraction-limited pulses of 0.25 J at 1.535–1.56 μm have been achieved.
Ultrasonic measurements of surface roughness (1993)

Pulsed ultrasound propagating in water was used at megahertz carrier frequencies (nominally 10-50MHz) to reflect and scatter from rough surfaces in the same way as light. We have considered noncontact ultrasonic techniques as complementary to optical techniques in several ways: (a) for specificapplications such as wet surfaces, (b) for rougher surfaces with average roughness, R(a) ≥ 0.1 µm, and (c) for (simultaneous) profilometry by time-of-flight measurements. Stylus and ultrasonic data are compared. An example of application to the manufacturing environment is for on-line, real-time sensor feedback and process control in the cutting or grinding of metals and ceramics.
Critical Evaluation of the Use of Laser Diffraction for Particle‐Size Distribution Analysis (2004)

Determination of soil particle‐size distribution (PSD) by sieving, hydrometer, and pipette methods as well as by laser diffraction (LD) suffers from inherent flaws, mainly due to the difficulty in defining the size of irregularly shaped particles. Therefore these methods yield only estimates of PSD. The objective of this study was to determine whether a functional relationship exists between the PSDs obtained by the combined sieve‐pipette method and those obtained by LD. Samples from 42 California soils were analyzed. For the LD measurements a Beckman–Coulter LS‐230 apparatus with a 750‐nm laser beam that measures particles in the range of 0.04 to 2000 μm was used, employing the Mie theory for the PSD calculations. Values of 1.5 and 0.2 for the real part and the imaginary term of the refractive index (RI), respectively, gave satisfactory results for the optical model calculations. Volume percentage of the clay‐size fraction obtained by LD was generally lower than mass percentage of the clay fraction derived by the pipette method. The opposite trend was noted for the silt‐size fraction. Coefficients of determination for the regression equations for the clay, silt, and sand fractions determined by the two methods were 0.702, 0.689, and 0.821, respectively. Good agreement between measured and calculated LD values for one size class was accompanied by poor agreement between measured and calculated values for the other. The LD method provides a continuous PSD curve, which enables a detailed data analysis and a flexible application of different particle‐size dependent classification systems.
M-mode echocardiography image and video segmentation based on am-fm demodulation techniques (2004)

A novel methodology to automatically segment all the walls present in M-mode echocardiography images in order to determine the ventricular chamber dimensions and wall thickness is proposed using amplitude-modulation frequency modulation (AM-FM) demodulation techniques. Preliminary results show method's capability to segment the left ventricular posterior wall and the left ventricular side of the interventricular septum. using these results three measurements are possible: left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness, left ventricular dimension (LVDD) at end-diastole and left ventricular dimension (LVSD) at end-systole.
Permeability of rayon based polymer composites (1992)

Several types of anomalous rayon based phenolic behavior have been observed in post-fired nozzles and exit cones. Many of these events have been shown to be related to the development of internal gas pressure within the material. The development of internal gas pressure is a function of the amount of gas produced within the material and the rate at which that gas is allowed to escape. The latter property of the material is referred to as the material's permeability. The permeability of two dimensional carbonized rayon based phenolic composites is a function of material direction, temperature, and stress/strain state. Recently significant differences in the permeability of these materials has been uncovered which may explain their inconsistent performance. This paper summarizes what is known about the permeability of these materials to date and gives possible implications of these finding to the performance of these materials in an ablative environment.
LES CRISTAUX LIQUIDES AU SERVICE DE LA SECURITE ROUTIERE (1976)

CET ARTICLE DECRIT UN MATERIEL QUI A DU ETRE REALISE POUR L'ETUDE DES NOUVEAUX DISPOSITIFS DE SIGNALISATION VARIABLE ET QUI PORTE LE NOM DE TACHYSOSCOPE. IL APPLIQUE UNE DES PROPRIETES DES CRISTAUX LIQUIDES. L'AUTEUR EN EXPOSE LE FONCTIONNEMENT ET MONTRE LES AVANTAGES DE CET APPAREIL.
A family of high-swing CMOS operational amplifiers (1989)

A family of high-swing CMOS operational amplifiers has been developed to maximize the available dynamic range with low supply voltages. Complementary differential pairs are used to achieve an almost rail-to-rail input common-mode voltage range. High linearity is obtained by summing currents so that the small-signal differential-mode voltage gain is constant over the entire input common-mode range. With a 5.0-V power supply, the total harmonic distortion is typically only 1% in a unity-gain configuration with a 4.5-V/sub p-p/ signal. The measured DC offset voltages versus input common-mode range track between the conventional and high-swing versions. These measurements suggest that the commonly feared crossover distortion may not be a problem when the current summation high-swing topology is used. The measured step response characteristics were excellent and exhibited no signs of phase mismatch crossover distortion for high-frequency signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Influence of Bolus to Infusion Delays on Plasma Tissue Plasminogen Activator Levels (2012)

Because of its short half life, TPA should be administered as a bolus followed by an immediate infusion. Bolus to infusion delays or interruptions in the infusion of TPA after the bolus may significantly impact serum TPA levels and may reduce the efficacy of thrombolysis. Protocols or administration regimens should be employed to prevent delays or interruptions in the infusion. When delays do occur, rebolusing of TPA may be needed to rapidly restore TPA to target levels.
Optical feature recognition (1995)

Abstract : Compared with digital image recognition technology optical feature recognition has faster speed and larger capacity for information processing, therefore it lies at the cutting edge of real time recognition technology trends. Here I will summarize the development of optical feature recognition and discuss physical models on Vander Lugt pairwise wave filter and joint interchangeable correlation recognition method, and introduce an optical-electrical real time correlation recognition system which utilizes spatial light modulator.(MM)
Evaluation of Free Thyroxine Methods in the Presence of Iodothyronine-Binding Autoantibodies* (1984)

Circulating iodothyronine-binding autoantibodies interfere with total T4 and T3 RIAs, giving falsely high or falsely low values depending on the assay separation method used. Direct serum free T4 (FT4) measurement should compensate for such abnormal binding if the method is free of artefact. We assessed 5 different FT4 methods in 12 patients with immunoglobulin binding of iodothyronines, with limited assessment of a sixth method in 2 subjects. Thyroid status was assessed clinically and by measurement of TSH and its response to TRH. T4 methods which use analog tracers, i.e. Amerlex, and Clinical Assays One-step FT4, gave spuriously high values in almost all hypothyroid and some euthyroid patients, due to immunoglobulin binding of the tracers used in these techniques. The kinetic indirect method (Corning Immunophase FT4) gave inappropriately high values in 4 of 6 hypothyroid patients. FT4 by equilibrium dialysis or by adsorption chromatography and RIA, accurately assessed thyroid status. These findings suggest that FT4 methods are valid in patients with circulating iodothyronine-binding immunoglobulins only if the free hormone fraction is physically separated from serum binding proteins before the assay procedure.
Behaviour of dimeric methylrhenium(<scp>vi</scp>) oxides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and its consequences for oxidation catalysis (2006)

Avoiding the use of toxic methyltin precursors to synthesize methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and its mono- and bis-peroxo derivatives, applicable as oxidation catalysts, dimethyl zinc might be considered a promising alternative alkylating agent. However, the methylrhenium(VI) dimers, formed as reduction products alongside MTO during the reaction of dimethyl zinc with Re2O7, are not as straightforwardly transformed into the epoxidation catalysts as MTO itself in the presence of excess H2O2. In the case of red (μ-oxo)bis[trimethyloxorhenium(VI)], the main reaction product with H2O2 is the catalytically inactive trimethyldioxorhenium(VII). In the case of bis[dimethyl(μ-oxo)oxorhenium(VI)], slow conversion to the monomeric mono- and bis-peroxo congenes of MTO occurs. Furthermore, part of the Re(VI) starting complex is transformed into inactive perrhenate. While bis[dimethyl(μ-oxo)oxorhenium(VI)] might be applied (also in a mixture with MTO) as an oxidation catalyst precursor, (μ-oxo)bis[trimethyloxorhenium(VI)] can be applied as a useful precursor for the synthesis of trimethyldioxorhenium(VII), which was previously only accessible by less convenient synthetic pathways.
Chemical and biologic properties of a protein-rich fraction of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. I. The in vitro murine lymphocyte response. (1977)

Butanol LPS preparations from three serotypes of Escherichia coli lose their ability to stimulate C3H/HeJ lymphocytes after the removal of a protein-rich fraction (LAP) by extraction with phenol. This loss of mitogenic activity for LPS nonresponder spleen cells is accompanied by an increase in equilibrium density of approximately 0.03 g/cm3 by each of the three lipopolysaccharides. The LAP preparations exhibited potent mitogenic activity for both LPS responder C3H/St and nonresponder C3H/HeJ lymphocytes. Each LAP produced an optimal response at approximately 10 µg/ml and each was toxic at a 10-fold higher concentration. Like LPS, LAP is mitogenic for congenitally athymic nude mice. Although LAP is isolated in association with LPS and shares certain of its biologic properties, the two B cell mitogens may be distinguished by several criteria. Of primary importance is the ability of LAP to stimulate LPS-nonresponder lymphocytes. In addition, these experiments demonstrate that the LAP-induced response by C3H/HeJ lymphocytes is not blocked by preincubation with high concentrations of LPS. The response to LAP by C3H/St spleen cells is not blocked by polymyxin B, an inhibitor of the lipid A-induced mitogenic response. Furthermore, such LAP activity is destroyed by mild alkaline hydrolysis under conditions that do not decrease LPS activity. Finally, we observed that the peak level of 3H-thymidine incorporation that results from stimulation with LPS is consistently lower than the level which is obtained with optimal LAP doses. The experiments presented here also demonstrate that isolated LAP and protein-free LPS can reassociate in vitro to generate an LPS-LAP complex with mitogenic activity for C3H/HeJ lymphocytes.
Can somatostatin prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis? Results of a randomized controlled trial (2004)

Somatostatin is useful in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis. Further studies must be designed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the drug and to determine the ideal administration route and dosage.
Coupling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to Gi protein in human reproductive tract tumors. (1996)

The signaling pathway by which GnRH acts in peripheral tumors is distinct from that in the anterior pituitary. We attempted to identify the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein (G protein) subtypes linked to GnRH receptor in the genital tract tumor membranes. Surgically removed ovarian carcinomas and uterine leiomyosarcomas were screened for GnRH receptor expression before plasma membrane isolation. The G alpha i was detected by immunoblotting of membrane extracts with specific antibody and pertussis toxincatalyzed ADP-ribosylation from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity was determined as a GnRH-sensitive membrane event using synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl in a spectrophotometric assay. Pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin, brought about ADP-ribosylation of an immunodetected G alpha i of 41 kDa in the GnRH receptor-positive tumor membrane. Incubation with a GnRH analog and GTP decreased the ADP-ribosylation activity in a dose-dependent manner; a half-maximal effect occurred with 30 nmol/L buserelin (P < 0.01). The apparent inhibition by GnRH of the ADP-ribosylation demonstrated that GnRH resolved the alpha-subunit of the Gi to GTP-bound form in the membranes. The action of GnRH was neutralized by a competitive antagonist, antide. Pretreatment of the membrane with the pertussis toxin completely inhibited GnRH-sensitive phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity (P < 0.01). These data demonstrate the coupling of GnRH receptor to Gi protein subfamily. The Gi which couples GnRH receptor to the effector may define the difference of responses by peripheral tumor and the anterior pituitary.
Performance testing of a concatenated RS-convolutional encoding scheme in AWGN and impulse noise channels (2003)

In this paper we present the simulation results of a concatenated Reed Solomon-convolutional encoder scheme. The structure proposed was designed with the purpose of being used in ADSL applications. RS (255,239) is used as the outer code, which is proposed by the ANSI T1E1.4 Standard Group. The role of the inner code is undertaken by a convolutional encoder, which protects the outer one from random errors, while the RS code is responsible for the correction of burst errors. The noise model used, AWGN, is generally accepted as the worst case for ADSL transmission. A burst impulsive noise was also simulated proving the correcting capabilities of the RS code. The paper is organized as follows: After the introduction, a description of the simulated system is given. Next, the simulation method is described. The results from the simulation are represented, and, finally, the conclusions and some proposals for the improvement of the system are given.