gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametrically driven surface waves in viscoelastic liquids (1999)

When a container of liquid is subject to vertical sinusoidal oscillation, the free surface becomes unstable at a critical driving acceleration and gives rise to standing waves. Here, we consider containers of finite depth, neglect the influence of lateral boundaries, and perform a linear stability analysis for viscoelastic liquids. Floquet theory is applied to transform the linearized governing equations into a recursion relation for the temporal modes of the free surface deformation. In the absence of external forcing, the recursion relation yields the dispersion equation for free surface waves on viscoelastic liquids. In the presence of external forcing, the recursion relation is studied both numerically and analytically for the case where the polymer stresses are described by a single-mode Maxwell model. When surface tension forces are sufficiently strong relative to elastic forces, the numerical results show that the standing waves respond subharmonically to the driving frequency. However, the instability threshold increases less rapidly with the driving frequency than that for a Newtonian liquid of the same zero-shear viscosity. When elastic forces become sufficiently strong relative to surface tension forces, the standing waves can respond harmonically within certain ranges of the driving frequency if the product of the driving frequency and the liquid relaxation time is not too large or too small. Dramatic changes are seen in the behavior of the neutral stability curves, dispersion relations, and instability thresholds. In the case where the viscous boundary layer thickness is much less than the disturbance wavelength, the viscoelastic recursion relation is simplified to yield a Mathieu equation which is nonlocal in time. The method of multiple scales is then applied to determine the instability threshold analytically. The results of this study indicate that the behavior of parametrically driven surface waves is very sensitive to the liquid relaxation time, and suggest that such waves may serve as a useful tool for the measurement of rheological properties.
Mash1 efficiently reprograms rat astrocytes into neurons (2014)

To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mash1 and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examined astrocytes from 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and found that Brn2 was expressed, but Mash1 was not detectable. Thus, we hypothesized that Mash1 alone could be used to reprogram astrocytes into neurons. We transfected a recombinant MSCV-MASH1 plasmid into astrocytes for 72 hours, and saw that all cells expressed Mash1. One week later, we observed the changes in morphology of astrocytes, which showed typical neuronal characteristics. Moreover, β-tubulin expression levels were significantly higher in astrocytes expressing Mash1 than in control cells. These results indicate that Mash1 alone can reprogram astrocytes into neurons.
Urban wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation and flotation (1995)

In waste water treatment, the use of a physico-chemical process by flotation would present some advantages compared to a separation by settling. However like each physico-chemical process, a separation by flotation needs a chemical destabilization. We have studied the use of an electrochemical destabilization coupled to a process of flotation (DAF). This paper presents the results obtained on an urban waste water treated by electrocoagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF). To show the interest of coupling flotation and electrocoagulation, we have studied each process separately. Then we have combined the two processes. The role of each operation on pollution removal is presented. An effect of synergism between the two processes on the pollution abatement is shown. A reduction of 75% of the global COD is obtained. The results of the coupling are compared to the performance of an intensive treatment by flocculation-lamellar settler.
An islet in distress: β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (2010)

Over 200 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, a disorder of glucose homeostasis. The majority of these individuals are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It has traditionally been thought that tissue resistance to the action of insulin is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes. However, recent longitudinal and genome-wide association studies have shown that insulin resistance is more likely to be a precondition, and that the failure of the pancreatic β cell to meet the increased insulin requirements is the triggering factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. A major emphasis in diabetes research has therefore shifted to understanding the causes of β cell failure. Collectively, these studies have implicated a complex network of triggers, which activate intersecting execution pathways leading to β cell dysfunction and death. In the present review, we discuss these triggers (glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, amyloid and cytokines) with respect to the pathways they activate (oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress) and propose a model for understanding β cell failure in type 2 diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00021.x, 2010).
Improving Cyclability of 5 V Cathodes by Electrochemical Surface Modification (2004)

Abstract A simple electrochemical procedure is proposed for surface modification of cathode materials. A metal oxide-retaining layer deposited electrochemically on the electroactive material avoids its direct contact with the electrolyte. For 5 V cathodes, which are extremely oxidant at charged state, this action significantly enhances the cyclability. In addition, the own stability of the metal oxide-retaining layer deposited on the cathode surface has a significant effect on the cyclability, which can be enhanced by inducing a mechanical force during the electrodeposition process.
Real time imaging with the Sonic Window: A pocket-sized, C-scan, medical ultrasound device (2009)

The Sonic Window is a pocket-sized, C-scan ultrasound device designed to expand ultrasound into clinical settings and applications that have yet to benefit from its utility. The low component cost, compact form factor with integrated 2D transducer array, and an intuitive C-scan image format displayed directly over the anatomy of interest are what distinguish this device from conventional ultrasound systems. A prototype of the Sonic Window was designed and constructed consisting of a fully sampled 60 × 60 transducer array, custom integrated circuits (ICs) containing 3,600 front-end receive channels, a high-voltage transmit circuit, an off-the-shelf digital signal processor (DSP), and a liquid crystal display. The 2D transducer array was fabricated on one side of a 2-layer PCB and the front-end ICs were attached onto the other side using a flip-chip process. The front-end ICs acquire the data for one C-scan slice per transmit event and send digital data to the DSP, which uses the Direct-Sampled In-phase Quadrature (DSIQ) method for efficient beamforming. The prototype fits in a 6-cm × 15-cm × 3.5-cm enclosure containing a 1500 mAh rechargeable battery and weighs 6 oz. (170 g). It can form real-time C-scan images at 43 FPS with a 2-hour scan time on battery power. Real-time volume capture enables B-mode image formats as well as 3D imaging. Lateral resolution is approximately 0.75 mm and cystic contrast is 43 dB. Phantom target and in vivo images are presented to demonstrate the imaging capability of the device.
The presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate-stable Aβ dimers is strongly associated with Alzheimer-type dementia (2010)

The molecular pathways leading to Alzheimer-type dementia are not well understood, but the amyloid beta-protein is believed to be centrally involved. The quantity of amyloid beta-protein containing plaques does not correlate well with clinical status, suggesting that if amyloid beta-protein is pathogenic it involves soluble non-plaque material. Using 43 brains from the Newcastle cohort of the population-representative Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, we examined the relationship between biochemically distinct forms of amyloid beta-protein and the presence of Alzheimer-type dementia. Cortical samples were serially extracted with Tris-buffered saline, Tris-buffered saline containing 1% TX-100 and with 88% formic acid and extracts analysed for amyloid beta-protein by immunoprecipitation/western blotting. The cohort was divisible into those with dementia at death with (n = 14) or without (n = 10) significant Alzheimer-type pathology, and those who were not demented (n = 19). Amyloid beta-protein monomer in extracts produced using Tris-buffered saline and Tris-buffered saline containing 1% TX-100 were strongly associated with Alzheimer type dementia (P < 0.001) and sodium dodecyl sulphate-stable amyloid beta-protein dimer was detected specifically and sensitively in Tris-buffered saline, Tris-buffered saline containing 1% TX-100 and formic acid extracts of Alzheimer brain. Amyloid beta-protein monomer in the formic acid fraction closely correlated with diffuse and neuritic plaque burden, but was not specific for dementia. These findings support the hypothesis that soluble amyloid beta-protein is a major correlate of dementia associated with Alzheimer-type pathology and is likely to be intimately involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive failure.
Growth of BN by hot filament assisted electron beam deposition (1993)

Thin films of BN were deposited using an electron beam for evaporating boron and a hot filament for activating N2. The IR spectrum of the deposited film on Si substrates showed a strong absorption at 1097 cm-1 clearly indicating a cubic structure. Scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the polycrystalline nature of the films. Raman spectra of the films showed peaks at 1056 and 1304 cm-1, which are the characteristic Raman lines for cubic boron nitride.
Productivity and Some Properties of Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) against Human Rotavirus Compared with Rabbit IgG (1993)

Productivity and some properties of anti-Human Rotavirus (HRV) hen egg yolk antibody (IgY) were compared with those of anti-HRV rabbit serum antibody (IgG). The hens immunized with HRV (Wa strain, serotype 1 and Mo strain, serotype 3) were found to continuously to lay eggs without any change in the egg laying rate and the yolk of the eggs laid over a year showed a high level of neutralization titer against HRV. The production of anti-HRV IgY by a hen (one year) was at least 15 times (anti-Wa) and 120 times (anti-Mo) more effective than those by an immunized rabbit in the neutralization titer of the antibodies. The stability of anti-HRV IgY at temperature above 70 degrees C and low pH 2-3 was less than that of anti-HRV rabbit IgG. The temperature corresponding to the maximum of denaturation endotherm (Tmax) of IgY was 73.9 degrees C while that of rabbit IgG was 77.0 degrees C in the analysis by differential scanning calorimetry. This discrepancy in heat and acidic pH stability found between the two antibodies as discussed with regard to their protein structures.
EVALUATION OF A HALON 1301 SYSTEM FOR POSTCRASH AIRCRAFT INTERNAL CABIN FIRE PROTECTION (1976)

The use of a Halon 1301 fire-suppression system was evaluated in regard to increasing escape time during a ground crash situation with an internal cabin fire. Tests were conducted in a DC7 fuselage varying the exit configurations, and fire size at agent discharge. Smoke, temperature, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and Halon 1301 levels were continuously monitored during the tests at various locations throughout the cabin. A sampling system for collecting hydrogen fluoride (HF), Halon 1301's primary decomposition product, was used. Samples at four locations were taken every 30 seconds, for 5 minutes after discharge. The use of a curtain to inhibit the spread of HF was also examined. The results indicated that in order to minimize the HF concentrations, the fire should be extinguished when its size is as small as possible, and prior to the opening of cabin exits. In order to reduce HF concentrations, the cabin exits should be opened as soon as the fire is extinguished. The use of a curtain to partition the cabin greatly reduced the spread of HF from the fire zone to the protected section. Test results also indicated that a system malfunction causing Halon 1301 concentrations less than those needed to extinguish a fire could produce very high HF levels. Conversely, a deep-seated fire produced relatively small HF levels. (Author)
mTOR signaling regulates the processing of pre-rRNA in human cells (2011)

Signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin, complex 1 (mTORC1), positively regulates the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the synthesis of ribosomal proteins, thereby promoting the complex process of ribosome biogenesis. The major rRNAs are transcribed as a single precursor, which must be processed to create the 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNAs. We used a new non-radioactive labeling approach to study the effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, on rRNA synthesis. Rapamycin not only impaired synthesis of new 18S, 28S or 5S rRNA but also induced their decay. This prompted us to examine the effects of rapamycin on rRNA processing. We show that rapamycin also interferes with the processing events that generate 18S and 28S rRNA. rRNA transcription and processing occur in regions of the nucleus known as nucleoli. We find that the mTORC1 components raptor and mTOR are both present in nucleoli, where they may regulate rRNA maturation events. While rapamycin has no effect on overall nucleolar morphology or its proteome, it does induce loss of mTOR and raptor from them. These data show that mTORC1 is located in nucleoli where it acts to regulate events involved in ribosome biogenesis including the maturation of rRNA molecules.
Distributed Leader-Follower Navigation of Mobile robots (2005)

This paper presents a formated navigation based on the leader-follower approach. In this approach, the control law of the follower robot includes the states of the leader robot. This is a drawback for implementing the control laws on real mobile robots. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a new follower's control law, called the self-made follower input, in which the state of the leader robot is estimated by the relative equation between the leader and the follower robots in the discrete-time domain. On the other hand, a control law of the leader robot is designed with a chained system to track a given reference path. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is demonstrated in numerical simulation.
폐기물처리시설 관련 판례 검토 ― 대법원 2017. 11. 14. 선고 2017도7492 판결 및 2017. 10. 31. 선고 2017도9582 판결을 중심으로 ― (2018)

2017년 대법원의 판결 중 폐기물관리법상 폐기물처리시설에 관한 두 건의 판결을 주목해 볼만하다. 대법원 2017. 11. 14. 선고 2017도7492 판결과 대법원 2017. 10. 31. 선고 2017도9582 판결로 전자는 양벌규정의 적용과 관련하여 ‘폐기물처리시설을 설치·운영하는 자’ 관련 해석이, 후자는 폐기물처리시설 중 사업 부지만을 공매를 통하여 취득한 자가 이전 폐기물처리시설을 설치·운영하는 자의 권리·의무를 승계한다고 볼 수 있는지 여부가 문제된 사안이었다.
우선, 대법원 2017. 11. 14. 선고 2017도7492 판결은 폐기물처리시설을 설치·운영하는 회사의 전무가 “폐기물처리시설을 설치·운영하는 자”로써 폐기물처리법상 책임을 지는 자에 해당하는지 혹은 법인인 회사에 요구되는 것인지에 대한 쟁점이 兩罰규정과 관련하여 다루어졌다. 당해 판결은 원심의 양벌규정에 대한 그릇된 인식에 따른 오류를 바로 잡은 사건인바, 전반적으로 대법원의 판단은 적절한 것이었고, 다만, 양벌규정의 적용대상인 사용인의 범위와 관련하여 말단 사용인에 대하여만 책임을 전가하지 못하도록 하는 전향적인 판결 내지 입법이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
대법원 2017. 10. 31. 선고 2017도9582 판결은 사용종료된 폐기물처리시설의 敷地를 세무서의 체납처분에 의한 공매를 통하여 취득하여 소유하게 된 자가 그전 소유자인 폐기물처리업자의 권리의무를 승계하여야 하는지가 주된 쟁점이 되었다. 당해 사건에서는 사건에 적용될 시점의 폐기물관리법 제32조 제1항이 정하는 폐기물처리시설의 “양도”에 공매가 포함될 수 있는지 여부가 문제되었다. 대법원은 폐기물관리법이 일반적으로 양도와 경매, 공매를 구분하여 사용하여 왔고, 2010. 7. 23. 법률 제10389호로 폐기물관리법이 개정되면서 비로소 경매, 공매 등으로 폐기물처리시설을 인수한 자도 인수 전의 권리·의무를 승계한다는 점이 명시되었음을 근거로 이 사건 당시에는 “양도”에 공매는 포함되지 아니한다고 판단하였다. 당해 사건에서는 이른바 “법의 해석”에 대한 검토를 할 필요가 있다. 행정법규에서 사용되는 개념을 민사법에서와 같이 해석할 필요도 없고 그러해서 도 아니 된다는 점, 이 사건에 있어서는 공익적 측면을 고려하여 보면 양도의 개념을 공매까지 포함하는 것으로 넓혀 해석할 필요가 있다는 점, 이 사건 이후에 현행법 제33조 제2항으로서 “공매”에 대한 규정을 도입하긴 하였지만 그것은 양도개념에 공매가 포함될 수 없기 때문이 아니라 “사업”이 아닌 “재산”만을 이전 대상으로 하는 경우에도 허가 등을 하여야 하도록 할 필요성이 있어서였다는 점을 고려하여 보면, 대법원의 판결은 부적절한 면이 없지 않다. 다만, “사업”이 아닌 “재산” 즉, 부지만을 이전 대상으로 한 본건을 제32조 위반으로 처벌하기는 어렵고, 제32조가 아니라 제24조의 문제로 보아 무죄를 선고하는 것이 적절하였을 것이라는 점에서 피고인을 무죄라고 본 대법원의 판결은 결론적으로는 문제가 없는 판결이 되었다. 참고로, 사업장폐기물이 있음을 알고서도 싸게 매입한 피고인을 보호할 이유는 없다는 점에서 제24조(현재의 제17조)의 양도대상을 “사업”이 아닌 “재산”으로 개정함으로써 향후 피고인과 같은 자를 처벌할 수 있는 근거를 마련하는 것이 적절할 것이다.
The ApolloScape Open Dataset for Autonomous Driving and Its Application (2019)

Autonomous driving has attracted tremendous attention especially in the past few years. The key techniques for a self-driving car include solving tasks like 3D map construction, self-localization, parsing the driving road and understanding objects, which enable vehicles to reason and act. However, large scale data set for training and system evaluation is still a bottleneck for developing robust perception models. In this paper, we present the ApolloScape dataset [1] and its applications for autonomous driving. Compared with existing public datasets from real scenes, e.g., KITTI [2] or Cityscapes [3] , ApolloScape contains much large and richer labelling including holistic semantic dense point cloud for each site, stereo, per-pixel semantic labelling, lanemark labelling, instance segmentation, 3D car instance, high accurate location for every frame in various driving videos from multiple sites, cities and daytimes. For each task, it contains at lease 15x larger amount of images than SOTA datasets. To label such a complete dataset, we develop various tools and algorithms specified for each task to accelerate the labelling process, such as joint 3D-2D segment labeling, active labelling in videos etc. Depend on ApolloScape, we are able to develop algorithms jointly consider the learning and inference of multiple tasks. In this paper, we provide a sensor fusion scheme integrating camera videos, consumer-grade motion sensors (GPS/IMU), and a 3D semantic map in order to achieve robust self-localization and semantic segmentation for autonomous driving. We show that practically, sensor fusion and joint learning of multiple tasks are beneficial to achieve a more robust and accurate system. We expect our dataset and proposed relevant algorithms can support and motivate researchers for further development of multi-sensor fusion and multi-task learning in the field of computer vision.
Beginning DirectX 10 Game Programming (2007)

Discover the exciting world of game programming and 3D graphics creation using DirectX Beginning DirectX 10 Game Progmramming is an introductory guide to creating fantastic graphics, amazing creatures, and realistic worlds for games. Written specifically for the beginner programmer, the book uses step-by-step instructions to teach the basics of DirectX 10, introducing skills that can be applied to creating games for both PC and game console platforms. Youll start by learning how to install the DirectX SDK and how to get your first application up and running. From there youll be introduced to the 2D and 3D graphics components of DirectX allowing you to draw animated sprites and create 3D objects. Put your new skills to the test with a final, hands-on project that shows how to bring together everything youve learned. If you have a basic knowledge of C++ and 3D math concepts then you are ready to learn how to program amazing 3D game graphics with Beginning DirectX 10!
Marine floating concrete made with polystyrene expanded beads (1976)

Synopsis The performance of concrete containing expanded polystyrene beads was studied in the context of marine floating structures and compared with that of concrete containing perlite, the latter being an ultra-lightweight aggregate used for marine applications. It was found that, for an equal density of about 80% that of sea water, polystyrene concrete has a compressive strength that is 50% higher, a modulus of elasticity 100% higher, and a modulus of rupture 25% higher than those of perlite concrete. Furthermore, polystyrene concrete is much more resistant to sulphate solutions than perlite concrete even though it is less resistant than normal-weight concrete.
Plan recognition as planning (2009)

In this work we aim to narrow the gap between plan recognition and planning by exploiting the power and generality of recent planning algorithms for recognizing the set G* of goals G that explain a sequence of observations given a domain theory. After providing a crisp definition of this set, we show by means of a suitable problem transformation that a goal G belongs to G* if there is an action sequence ? that is an optimal plan for both the goal G and the goal G extended with extra goals representing the observations. Exploiting this result, we show how the set G* can be computed exactly and approximately by minor modifications of existing optimal and suboptimal planning algorithms, and existing polynomial heuristics. Experiments over several domains show that the suboptimal planning algorithms and the polynomial heuristics provide good approximations of the optimal goal set G* while scaling up as well as state-of-the-art planning algorithms and heuristics
Induction by pathogen, salt and drought of a basic class II chitinase mRNA and its in situ localization in pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) (2002)

Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that a pepper basic class II chitinase gene (CAChi2) is constitutively expressed in floral organs and root endodermis, but not in leaf, stem and fruit of pepper. Resistance of pepper leaves to Colletotrichum coccodes infection at a late growth stage was correlated with induction of beta-1,3-glucanase and PR-1 mRNA, but not of chitinase (CAChi2) mRNA. Transcriptional activation of the CAChi2 gene in pepper leaves occurred during anthracnose development. The CAChi2 transcripts were mainly localized in phloem cells of vascular tissues of pepper leaves infected with C. coccodes. The CAChi2 gene was also differentially induced in leaf and stem tissue by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), sodium chloride or drought. Strong accumulation of the CAChi2 transcripts occurred in pepper stem tissues due to high salt and drought, and also due to treatment with ABA. These results suggest involvement of the chitinase gene in protection of pepper plants against the pathogen, but also document cross talk with stress signals mediated by ABA, high salinity and drought.