gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1 (2013)

Defining the virus-host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission, including the phenotypic requirements of viruses capable of establishing de novo infections, could be important for AIDS vaccine development. Previous analyses have failed to identify phenotypic properties other than chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and CD4+ T-cell tropism that are preferentially associated with viral transmission. However, most of these studies were limited to examining envelope (Env) function in the context of pseudoviruses. Here, we generated infectious molecular clones of transmitted founder (TF; n = 27) and chronic control (CC; n = 14) viruses of subtypes B (n = 18) and C (n = 23) and compared their phenotypic properties in assays specifically designed to probe the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection. We found that TF virions were 1.7-fold more infectious (P = 0.049) and contained 1.9-fold more Env per particle (P = 0.048) compared with CC viruses. TF viruses were also captured by monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1.7-fold more efficiently (P = 0.035) and more readily transferred to CD4+ T cells (P = 0.025). In primary CD4+ T cells, TF and CC viruses replicated with comparable kinetics; however, when propagated in the presence of IFN-α, TF viruses replicated to higher titers than CC viruses. This difference was significant for subtype B (P = 0.000013) but not subtype C (P = 0.53) viruses, possibly reflecting demographic differences of the respective patient cohorts. Together, these data indicate that TF viruses are enriched for higher Env content, enhanced cell-free infectivity, improved dendritic cell interaction, and relative IFN-α resistance. These viral properties, which likely act in concert, should be considered in the development and testing of AIDS vaccines.
Purification and characterization of a cam repressor (CamR) for the cytochrome P-450cam hydroxylase operon on the Pseudomonas putida CAM plasmid (1995)

The cytochrome P-450cam hydroxylase operon of Pseudomonas putida PpG1 (ATCC 17543) encodes proteins responsible for early steps of the degradation of D-camphor. Transcription of this operon is negatively controlled by the cam repressor (CamR), and the expression of camR is autoregulated. CamR was purified from Escherichia coli harboring an overproducing plasmid. The repressor forms a homodimer with a molecular mass of 40 kDa, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and gel filtration. CamR protected a specific DNA region from attack by DNase I. This region contains a palindromic operator of the cytochrome P-450cam hydroxylase operon and of the camR gene. Protection was inhibited by the addition of 60 microM D-camphor and also by certain camphor analogs and degradation products, including D-3-bromocamphor, adamantane, 2-adamantanone, 5-exo-hydroxycamphor, and 2,5-diketocamphane. These analogs and degradation products induced cytochrome P-450cam hydroxylase operon expression in vivo.
[Role of prostatic acid phosphatases in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate]. (1984)

On the basis of a series of 89 patients with a histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate and another population of 89 patients with prostatic hypertrophy, also confirmed histologically, the authors study the sensitivity and specificity of the radio-immunological estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase levels. Comparison is made of the performance of radio-immunological techniques with that of conventional techniques. As a general rule, the sensitivity of the test is very low, since amongst 39% of the prostatic carcinomas studied, the RI acid phosphatase level was below the upper limit of normal fixed at 3.2 ng/ml. By contrast, the degree of specificity is high, since amongst 96% of cases with abnormally high RI acid phosphatase levels, the diagnosis was indeed an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In terms of stages, sensitivity was found to be nil for minor stages T1 - T2 and of the order of 80% for advanced stages. This confirmed data from the literature. In the absence of bone metastases detectable radiologically or by isotope bone scan, an abnormally high RI acid phosphatase level is predictive of lymph node involvement in 90% of cases. By contrast, under the same conditions of bone investigations, a normal RI acid phosphatase level corresponds in 81% of cases with absence of lymph node involvement and in 19% with limited involvement. In patients with value which are normal or become normal under the influence of treatment, the prognosis is better than if such does not apply. Finally, figures given by radioimmunological estimation are much more specific than those obtained by traditional enzyme estimations.
Defending Critical Infrastructure (2006)

We apply new bilevel and trilevel optimization models to make critical infrastructure more resilient against terrorist attacks. Each model features an intelligent attacker (terrorists) and a defender (us), information transparency, and sequential actions by attacker and defender. We illustrate with examples of the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the US Border Patrol at Yuma, Arizona, and an electrical transmission system. We conclude by reporting insights gained from the modeling experience and many “red-team” exercises. Each exercise gathers open-source data on a real-world infrastructure system, develops an appropriate bilevel or trilevel model, and uses these to identify vulnerabilities in the system or to plan an optimal defense.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Semiconductor—Metal Nanoparticles: From Architecture to Function (2014)

Abstract Review: 125 refs.
Evaluation of Polyvinyl Acetate Dispersion as a Sustained Release Polymer for Tablets (2006)

Kollicoat SR 30D is a unique 30% aqueous dispersion of polyvinvyl acetate stabilized by polyvinyl-pyrrolidone intended for preparation of sustained release products. Detailed evaluation of this polymer dispersion as a sustained release coating for active pharmaceutical ingredients of two diverse classes of drugs was studied. A water insoluble drug (ibuprofen) and a water soluble drug (ascorbic acid) were selected as model active drugs. Ibuprofen was granulated using a GPCG-1 fluid bed processor prior to tableting, to improve the particle size and particle flow properties. In this process a 2(3) factorial design was implemented to evaluate the optimum process parameters such as spray rate, inlet air temperature and the inlet air velocity. The statistical model selected was Y(ijkl) = mu + tau(i) + beta(j) + theta(k) + (taubeta)ij + (betatheta)jk + (tautheta)ik + (taubetatheta)ijk + epsilon(ijkl). The factorial design showed that the spray rate, inlet air temperature, and inlet air velocity had a significant effect (p value <0.05) on the particle size. Significant improvement was observed in the flow properties of the granules. The granules were coated with Kollicoat SR30D dispersion using top spray method in the fluid bed processor. The dissolution studies showed that the release of ibuprofen decreased with an increase in the coating levels of Kollicoat SR 30 D. In the case of ascorbic acid, preparation of sustained release coated commercial granules was not possible due to the difficulty in coating a highly soluble drug particle. However, the coated granules when compressed into tablets showed some sustainability. Ibuprofen tablets manufactured with coated granules with a 15 g polymer for 300 g batch showed dissolution parameters of t50 and t90 at 4.2 hr and 7.5 hr, respectively. An approximate zero-type of release was observed when the polymer content was increased to 45 g for 300 g batch. Ascorbic acid tablets made with coated commercial granules having a total polymer content of 45 g per a 500 g batch showed an average dissolution t50 and t90 at 1.0 hr and 4.55 hr, respectively. When the total polymer content was increased to 60 g, per 500 g, the average dissolution t50 and t90 delayed to 1.40 hr and 7.20 hr, respectively.
[Effects of portal venous administration with allogenic cells on renal allograft survival in the rat]. (1989)

The effects of administration of donor lymphocytes via portal vein (PV) on capacity of alloreactivity and renal allograft survival were investigated in comparison with those of intra-venous (IV) administration in the rats. Orthotopic renal transplantations were performed from Brown-Norway (BN, RT-In) to Lewis (LEW, RT-11) male rats. Donor lymphocytes were prepared from BN or third party DA(RT-1a) rat spleens and lymph nodes and injected via PV or IV to LEW rats on the day of transplantation (day 0). Untreated LEW hosts rejected BN grafts at 7.8 +/- 0.6 days (n = 10). IV administration of 1 x 10(8) BN cells to LEW rats caused a slight prolongation of BN graft survival to 10.4 +/- 3.1 days (n = 9, p less than 0.05), whereas PV inoculation of the same number of BN cells further prolonged graft survival to 28.9 +/- 9.2 days (n = 9, p less than 0.01). This effect was antigen specific; the administration of 1 x 10(8) third party DA cells via PV to LEW rats did not prolong survival of BN graft (MST = 7.4 +/- 0.8, n = 6). Serum from tolerant recipients had significant antigen specific suppressor effect (70.6%) on the MLR proliferative reaction of LEW responder cells toward donor BN cells, but not third party DA cells. Spleen cells from these recipients did not show any suppressive effect. These results demonstrate that PV administration of donor lymphoid cells to recipients results in rapidly inducible and long-lasting immunologic tolerance specific to donor alloantigen, and that this tolerance is mediated by serum factor induced in hosts, but not by suppressor cells.
Theoretical Analysis of the Performance of the TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer The Effect of Density on Response (1988)

Abstract The flow field in the TSI aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) has been modeled numerically and particle trajectories have been calculated. The effects of varying physical parameters such as beam location, beam separation, and nozzle separation were studied. Values of these parameters were determined for a particular APS by comparing the calculated particle transit times with measured ones for polystyrene latex and polyvinyl toluene aerosols. This configuration was used to determine the effect of particle density on APS response and to generate correction factors permitting actual aerodynamic diameter to be determined from indicated aerodynamic diameter when particle density is known. Sensitivity studies show that the calculated correction factors will apply to any TSI APS manufactured and operated within the manufacturer's specifications.
Cell Microarray Technologies for High-Throughput Cell-Based Biosensors (2017)

Due to the recent demand for high-throughput cellular assays, a lot of efforts have been made on miniaturization of cell-based biosensors by preparing cell microarrays. Various microfabrication technologies have been used to generate cell microarrays, where cells of different phenotypes are immobilized either on a flat substrate (positional array) or on particles (solution or suspension array) to achieve multiplexed and high-throughput cell-based biosensing. After introducing the fabrication methods for preparation of the positional and suspension cell microarrays, this review discusses the applications of the cell microarray including toxicology, drug discovery and detection of toxic agents.
Computing the initial states of retimed circuits (1993)

Retiming is an optimization technique for sequential circuits which consists in modifying the position of latches relative to blocks of combinational logic in order to minimize the maximum propagation delay between latches or to meet a given delay requirement while minimizing the number of latches. If the initial state of the circuit is meaningful, one must compute an equivalent initial state for the retimed circuit after retiming. The authors present a simple linear time algorithm to compute a correct initial state for a retimed circuit that can be used whenever the initial state of the original circuit satisfies a simple condition. If this condition is not originally satisfied, it is shown how it can be automatically enforced by a logic synthesis tool with no need for user intervention.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography in neurosurgery (1982)

The authors' experience with the intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography during 21 neurosurgical procedures is reported. These procedures include neoplasm surgery in 18 cases, treatment of an arteriovenous malformation in one case, and ventricular catheter placement for hydrocephalus in two cases. In each of the neoplasm cases, the tumors were imaged just as well through the intact dura as on the brain surface itself. There were no cases in which the pathology could not easily be identified. The use of portable intraoperative ultrasonography in sterile coverings has proven to be extremely useful in localizing small subcortical neoplasms, as well as locating the solid and cystic portions of deep lesions. It has assisted in guiding needles for both biopsy and aspiration. It has also accurately identified and guided Silastic catheters during their placement in the ventricular system in cases of hydrocephalus. The authors have found real-time ultrasonography to be an important new tool in the operating room and will continue to rely on its imaging ability during selected procedures in the future.
Separation of bound from free hormone in radioimmunoassay of lutropin and follitropin. (1979)

A new technique in which polyethylene glycol is added to double-antibody assays of lutropin and follitropin eliminates the need for an incubation period during the separatory phase. After the antigen-first-antibody equilibrium reaction, the second antibody and polyethylene glycol (30 g/L final dilution) are added, the tubes are immediately centrifuged, each supernate is aspirated, and the precipitated antibody-bound hormone is counted. With this combined polyethylene glycol-second-antibody separatory method, the incubation time is shorter than the usual double-antibody separation procedure, but avoids the problem of high nonspecific precipitation, which occurs with polyethylene glycol alone. In addition, the combined separation technique allows the use of sera containing low titers of second antibody and use of smaller volumes of sera containing high titers of second antibodies, thus conserving second-antibody reagent.
Fourier Analysis of Digital STEM Images in the Study of Transparency in Human Cornea And Sclera (1988)

The structure of transparent human cornea is similar to that of the opaque human sclera, and they both consist of collagen fibers embedded in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.[1] This similarity in structure and composition, in contrast to a large difference in turbidity, presents an important question regarding the basis of transparency in the cornea. In general, a transparent structure permits most of the incident light to be transmitted, whereas an opaque structure scatters it. Scattering of an incident light wave occurs when the spatial fluctuations in the index of the refraction of the medium have dimensions close to the wavelength of visible light.[2] To analyze spatial fluctuations in cornea and sclera we have developed techniques based on Fourier analysis of digital STEM images. Fourier analysis allows direct quantitative measurements of the fluctuations in any signal. The signal is resolved into its constituent sinusoids or Fourier components. Amplitude, and frequency of each component are quantitatively obtained using the Fourier Transform (FT).
Inflammatory status and cartilage regenerative potential of synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis and chondropathy (2004)

OA synovial fibroblasts did not display a distinct activated inflammatory phenotype compared with NS cells. However, they did differ in their reduced ability to produce cartilage-like matrix. This difference may be an additional important factor contributing to OA pathogenesis.
Osage orange pigments. XVIII. Synthesis of osajaxanthone (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOsage orange pigments. XVIII. Synthesis of osajaxanthoneMelville L. Wolfrom, E. W. Koos, and Hattingadi B. BhatCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 4, 1058–1060Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01279a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01279a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Endogenous Ligand of α-1 Sodium Pump in Hypertensive Dahl Salt Sensitive Rats (2000)

P97 Dahl salt sensitive rats (DS), due to a mutation of α-1 subunit of Na/K ATPase (NKA), exhibit impaired pressure natriuresis and on a high NaCl diet retain Na and increase their blood pressure (BP). Recently, we demonstrated that mammalian tissues contain marinobufagenin (MBG), a bufodienolide with a high affinity to α-1 subunit of NKA. The present study investigated possible roles of MBG and another endogenous NKA inhibitor, ouabain (Ou) in hypertension which develops in DS on a high NaCl intake. Dahl salt resistant rats (DR; n=12) and DS (n=12) were put on an 8% NaCl diet for 4 weeks. In DS the excretion of Ou peaked at week 1 of NaCl loading (78±20 pmol vs. 6.4±1.1 pmol in baseline; P Bufo marinus toad for its ability of inhibit the NKA from rat kidney (which expresses only α-1 NKA) an the level of high- and low-affinity binding sites (Table). MBG acts as a selective inhibitor of ouabain-resistant α-1 NKA subunit, as one could expect from a putative natriuretic hormone. Our results sugest that in hypertensive DS, the α-1 ligand, MBG, is elaborated to promote natriuresis and contributes to the sustained BP elevation.
Very high critical current density of bronze-processed (Nb,Ti)/sub 3/Sn superconducting wire (2000)

From the viewpoint of fabricability, the Sn content in the bronze matrix of bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire is limited to below 15 wt%. This limitation results in a higher matrix-to-niobium ratio of bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire than other high-Sn-content wires, such as the tube-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire. This is a reason why the non-Cu critical current density (J/sub C/) of the bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire is lower than that of tube-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire. Therefore, increasing the Sn content in the bronze matrix and reducing the bronze ratio is the key to enhancing the non-Cu J/sub C/ of the bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire. A bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn superconducting wire with a Cu-16wt%Sn-0.2wt%Ti matrix was successfully fabricated on a production scale. The wire achieved a high non-Cu J/sub C/ of approximately 1000 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T and 4.2 K.
Spleen autotransplantation provides restoration of functional splenic lymphoid compartments and improves the humoral immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (1999)

After splenectomy, patients have an increased risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) or sepsis involving encapsulated bacteria such as pneumococcus. The value of spleen autotransplantation after splenectomy because of trauma has long been questioned. Much attention has been given to the restoration of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) function, which appeared to be similar to that of splenectomized individuals. The presence of specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies may enhance phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria by other parts of the MPS, as present in the liver. Therefore, in the present study we have evaluated the restoration of the humoral immune response after spleen autotransplantation, especially to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PPS). Wistar rats were divided into three groups which were operated as follows: splenectomy, splenectomy followed by autotransplantation, and sham operation. After 12 weeks the rats were vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Blood samples were taken after 3 days, 3 and 6 weeks for anti-PPS IgM and IgG ELISA against types 3, 4, 6, 9, 14 and 23. In addition, immunohistological studies were performed on the autotransplants. Significant antibody titre rises were found in a main proportion of the autotransplanted rats, comparable to sham-operated rats. Splenectomized rats showed as well a significantly lower increase in immunoglobulin levels, as significant differences in the proportion of rats showing a minimum two-fold increase of antibody level, considered to represent an adequate response. The titres were highest 3 days after vaccination. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated structurally functional autotransplants, including an intact marginal zone. Considering this significant anti- pneumococcal antibody response, spleen autotransplants can be expected to enable an improved humoral response to PPS, and to contribute to protection against OPSI after splenectomy.
The Effect of Mobile Platforms on Twitter Content Generation (2021)

The increased popularity of feature-rich mobile devices in recent years has enabled widespread consumption and production of social media content via mobile devices. Because mobile devices and mobile applications change context within which an individual generates and consumes microblog content, we might expect microblogging behavior to differ depending on whether the user is using a mobile device. To our knowledge, little has been established about what, if any, effects such mobile interfaces have on microblogging. In this paper, we investigate this question within the context of Twitter, among the most popular microblogging platforms. This work makes three specific contributions. First, we quantify the ways in which user profiles are effected by the mobile context: (1) the extent to which users tend to be either fully non-mobile or mobile and (2) the relative activity of the mobile Twitter community. Second, we assess the differences in content between mobile and non-mobile tweets (posts to the Twitter platform). Our results show that mobile platforms produce very different patterns of Twitter usage. As part of our analysis, we propose and apply a classification system for tweets. We consider this to be the third contribution of this work. While other classification systems have been proposed, ours is the first to permit the independent encoding of a tweet’s form, content, and intended audience. In this paper we apply this system to show how tweets differ between mobile and non-mobile contexts. However, because of its flexibility and breadth, the schema may be useful to researchers studying Twitter content in other contexts as well.