gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Endoplasmic Reticulum Molecular Chaperone BiP Is an Autoantigen for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Prevents the Induction of Experimental Arthritis (2001)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common, crippling human autoimmune disease. Using Western blotting and tandem mass spectroscopy, we have identified the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, a 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, as a possible autoantigen. It preferentially stimulated increased proliferation of synovial T cells from patients with RA but not from patients with other arthritides. Mice with established collagen- or pristane-induced arthritis developed IgG Abs to BiP. Although BiP injected in CFA failed to induce arthritis in several strains of rats and mice, including HLA-DR4(+/-)- and HLA-DR1(+/+)-transgenic animals, it completely inhibited the development of arthritis when given i.v. 1 wk before the injection of type II collagen arthritis. Preimmunization with BiP suppressed the development of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats in a similar manner. This is the first report of a mammalian chaperone that is an autoantigen in human RA and in experimental arthritis and that can also prevent the induction of experimental arthritis. These findings may stimulate the development of new immunotherapies for the treatment of RA.
Nonlinear Model-Based Control of an Experimental Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination System (2009)

This work focuses on the design and implementation of a nonlinear model-based control system on an experimental reverse-osmosis (RO) membrane water desalination system to address large set-point changes and variations in feedwater salinity. A dynamic nonlinear lumped-parameter model is derived using first-principles, and its parameters are computed from experimental data to minimize the error between model predictions and experimental RO system response. This model then is used as the basis for the design of a nonlinear control system, using geometric control techniques. The nonlinear control system is implemented on the experimental RO system, and its set-point tracking and disturbance rejection capabilities are successfully evaluated.
Disposition of propofol between red blood cells, plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits (2000)

The disposition of propofol in the blood and brain of New Zealand rabbits was studied in three groups of six rabbits. One group received a single anaesthetic dose; a second group received a 1-h infusion; and a third group was studied after the rabbits were judged to have recovered from a 1-h infusion. There was a high concentration of propofol in the red blood cell fraction and in the brain, however, the red blood cell concentration largely exceeded the one found in the brain in all groups of animals. This is consistent with the high fat solubility of diisopropylphenol. The possible effects of propofol sequestered in red blood cells is discussed.
Design of Following Controller for Autonomous Vehicle Based on Leader-Follower Strategies (2016)

In order to solve the problem of the error system in the following control of autonomous vehicle,the following controller is designed based on Leader-follower strategies. The kinematic modeling is done.Leader-follower model is used to describe the following structure and L-φ method is used to build error system. The speed controller for the follower is designed to achieve the objectives. Finally,the simulation is done by Matlab,the results show that the controller can make the error converge to zero so that it can achieve its goal.
A Silent but Mighty River: The Costs of Women’s Economic Migration (2008)

I nterregional and international migration is occurring at a faster rate today than at any other point in history, and currently there are an estimated 175 million people living outside their country of birth, approximately 49 percent of whom are women (IOM 2005). Women's involvement across all forms of migration is growing, both in terms of the number of female migrants and in the role women play in utilizing migration strategies to improve the economic well-being of the family. For instance, the majority of persons trafficked are women, and women account for about 70 percent of the estimated 25 million persons internally displaced by conflict (Alicea and Toro-Morn 2004; IOM 2005). Increasingly, women are also exercising career and economic choices that involve movement from rural to urban areas and also to other countries. Emergent labor shortages in richer countries-which are linked to improved options for women in those countries, with more women opting out of jobs with low status and undesirable hours-have resulted in the specific targeting of women workers from poorer countries. In some countries women make up the greatest percentage of migrant workers; for example, the majority of workers migrating from the Philippines to the Middle East are women (IOM 2005). Set against realignments in world politics, facilitated by globalization, and fueled by social and personal factors, the migration of women workers also reflects new directions for women's agency. For example, as an increasing number of women take on the lead-migrant role "A silent but mighty river," a phrase inspired by the 2006 State of World Population Report (UNPF 2006), describes the global impact of a growing female migrant workforce, otherwise termed the feminization of migration.
Intramolecular Homolytic Substitution with Amidyl Radicals:  A Free-Radical Synthesis of Ebselen and Related Analogues (1997)

Irradiation of a water-cooled benzene solution of pyridine-2-thioneoxycarbonyl (PTOC) imidate esters 9 derived from N-butyl-2-(benzylseleno)benzamide (6, R = Bu), 2-(benzylseleno)-N-hexylbenzamide (6, R = Hex), N-benzyl-2-(benzylseleno)benzamide (6, R = Bn), and 2-(benzylseleno)-N-cyclohexylbenzamide (6, R = c-Hex) with a 250-W low-pressure mercury lamp affords the corresponding 1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (1) in yields of 81-91% (R = primary alkyl) and 45% (R = c-Hex). Presumably, these transformations involve formation of amidyl radicals 2 which undergo subsequent intramolecular homolytic substitution at the selenium atom with expulsion of a benzyl radical. PTOC imidate esters derived from 2-(benzylseleno)benzanilide (6, R = Ph) and 2-(benzylseleno)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (6, R = t-Bu) were unable to be prepared in this manner. 1,2-Benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (1, R = Ph, Hex, i-Pr, t-Bu) could also be prepared in 76-85% yield by reaction of the corresponding 2,2'-diselenobis(benzamide) (15) with benzoyl or tert-butyl peroxide. The mechanisms of these transformations are discussed.
Word Relation Autoencoder for Unseen Hypernym Extraction Using Word Embeddings (2018)

Lexicon relation extraction given distributional representation of words is an important topic in NLP. We observe that the state-of-theart projection-based methods cannot be generalized to handle unseen hypernyms. We propose to analyze it in the perspective of pollution, that is, the predicted hypernyms are limited to those appeared in training set. We propose a word relation autoencoder (WRAE) model to address the challenge and construct the corresponding indicator to measure the pollution. Experiments on several hypernymlike lexicon datasets show that our model outperforms the competitors significantly.
Windfall (1988)

It's been cold lately.The trees have been shaking when the wind blows from the North.The brown leaves that still hang on vibrate noisily?a few fall.The ones that fell two months ago are still piled beside my house, waiting for rain to rot them.
The Mode of Ligand Recognition by Two Peptide:MHC Class I-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (1999)

The Ig superfamily members TCR and B cell receptor (BCR) share high structural and amino acid homology, yet interact with Ags in a distinct manner. The overall shape of the TCR ligand is rather constant, with the variation coming from the MHC polymorphism and the peptide heterogeneity. Consequently, the TCR alpha- and beta-chains form a relatively flat ligand-binding site that interacts with the peptide:MHC (pep:MHC) ligand in a fixed diagonal orientation relative to the MHC alpha-helices, with the alpha- and beta-chains of the TCR contacting the N and C termini of the pep:MHC complex, respectively. By contrast, the shape of BCR ligands varies dramatically, and the BCR exhibits much greater variability of the Ag-binding site. The mAbs 25-D1.16 (D1) and 22-C5.9 (C5), specific for the OVA-8:H-2Kb complex, allowed us to directly compare how TCR and BCR approach the same ligand. To that effect, we mapped D1 and C5 footprints over the OVA-8:H-2Kb complex. Using peptide variants and mutant MHC molecules, we show that the D1 and C5 contacts with the OVA-8:Kb complex C terminus overlap with the TCR beta-chain footprint, but that this footprint also extends to the regions of the molecule not contacted by the TCR. These studies suggest that D1 and C5 exhibit a hybrid mode of pep:MHC recognition, in part similar to that of the TCR beta-chain and in part similar to the conventional anti-MHC Ab.
Effects of nutrition on neuro-endocrine stress responses (2007)

The effects of orexigenic peptides on the HPA axis are incompatible with the phenomenon of blunted HPA axis activity in states of low energy available, while the fact that some anorexigenic peptides activate the HPA axis might point to a permissive role. In conclusion, current data insufficiently explain negative HPA axis modulation by low glucose levels.
The Effect of Bupivacaine Skull Block on the Hemodynamic Response to Craniotomy (1996)

The placement of pointed cranial pins into the periosteum is a recognized acute noxious stimulation during intracranial surgery which can result in sudden increases in blood pressure and heart rate, causing increases in intracranial pressure. A skull block (blockade of the nerves that innervate the scalp, including the greater and lesser occipital nerves, the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves, the auriculotemporal nerves, and the greater auricular nerves) may be effective in reducing hypertension and tachycardia. Twenty-one patients were allocated in a prospective, double-blind fashion to a control group or a bupivacaine group. After a standardized induction and 5 min prior to head pinning, a skull block was performed. Patients in the control group received a skull block of normal saline, while the bupivacaine group received a skull block with 0.5% bupivacaine. Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and end-tidal isoflurane were recorded at the following times: 5 min after the induction of anesthesia, during performance of the skull block, during head pinning, and 5 min after head pinning. Significant increases in SAP of 40 +/- 6 mm Hg, DAP of 30 +/- 5 mm Hg, MAP of 32 +/- 6 mm Hg, and HR of 22 +/- 5 bpm occurred during head pinning in the control group, while remaining unchanged in the bupivacaine group. These results demonstrate that a skull block using 0.5% bupivacaine successfully blunts the hemodynamic response to head pinning.
Monitoring functional arm movement for home-based therapy after stroke (2005)

The goal of this project is to develop a means for individuals with stroke to practice arm movement therapy at home with remote monitoring. We previously developed a Web-based system for repetitive movement training (Java Therapy). This paper describes a new input device for the system that measures and assists in naturalistic arm movement, as well as software enhancements. The new input device is an instrumented, adult-sized version of Wilmington robotic exoskeleton (WREX), which is a five degrees-of-freedom orthosis that counterbalances the weight of the arm using elastic bands. To test the ability of the new device (Training-WREX or "T-WREX") to measure and assist in functional arm movements, we measured five chronic stroke subjects' movement ability while wearing the orthosis without gravity balance compared to wearing the orthosis with gravity balance. T-WREX's gravity balance function improved a clinical measure of arm movement (Fugl-Meyer Score), range of motion of reaching movements, and accuracy of drawing movements. Coupled with an enhanced version of Java Therapy, T-WREX will thus provide a means to assist functional arm movement training at home, either over the Web in real-time, or stand-alone with periodic communication with a remote site.
Probing the Binding Sites of Antibiotic Drugs Doxorubicin and N-(trifluoroacetyl) Doxorubicin with Human and Bovine Serum Albumins (2012)

We located the binding sites of doxorubicin (DOX) and N-(trifluoroacetyl) doxorubicin (FDOX) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumins (HSA) at physiological conditions, using constant protein concentration and various drug contents. FTIR, CD and fluorescence spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyse drug binding sites, the binding constant and the effect of drug complexation on BSA and HSA stability and conformations. Structural analysis showed that doxorubicin and N-(trifluoroacetyl) doxorubicin bind strongly to BSA and HSA via hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts with overall binding constants of K(DOX-BSA) = 7.8 (± 0.7) × 10(3) M(-1), K(FDOX-BSA) = 4.8 (± 0.5)× 10(3) M(-1) and K(DOX-HSA) = 1.1 (± 0.3)× 10(4) M(-1), K(FDOX-HSA) = 8.3 (± 0.6)× 10(3) M(-1). The number of bound drug molecules per protein is 1.5 (DOX-BSA), 1.3 (FDOX-BSA) 1.5 (DOX-HSA), 0.9 (FDOX-HSA) in these drug-protein complexes. Docking studies showed the participation of several amino acids in drug-protein complexation, which stabilized by H-bonding systems. The order of drug-protein binding is DOX-HSA > FDOX-HSA > DOX-BSA > FDOX>BSA. Drug complexation alters protein conformation by a major reduction of α-helix from 63% (free BSA) to 47-44% (drug-complex) and 57% (free HSA) to 51-40% (drug-complex) inducing a partial protein destabilization. Doxorubicin and its derivative can be transported by BSA and HSA in vitro.
Ultraviolet‐B‐induced stress and changes in gene expression in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>: role of signalling pathways controlled by jasmonic acid, ethylene and reactive oxygen species (1999)

ABSTRACT Treatment with supplementary UV‐B resulted in decreases in transcripts of the photosynthetic genes Lhcb and psbA and concomitant increase in transcripts of two pathogen‐related genes, PR‐1 and PDF1·2 , in Arabidopsis thaliana . UV‐B exposure caused increases in jasmonic acid (JA) levels and ethylene production. UV‐B treatment of jar1 and etr1‐1 mutants, which are insensitive to JA and ethylene, respectively, showed that the increase in PR‐1 transcripts was dependent on ethylene and PDF1·2 transcripts on both JA and ethylene. In contrast, the down‐regulation of photosynthetic transcripts was independent of both compounds. Previous studies have indicated a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the UV‐B‐induced down‐regulation of the photosynthetic genes and up‐regulation of PR‐1 genes. Here we have shown that ROS are also required for the UV‐B‐induced up‐regulation of PDF1·2 genes. The results indicate that the effects of UV‐B on the three sets of genes are mediated through three distinct signal transduction pathways which are similar, but not identical, to pathways initiated in response to pathogen infection. In addition, the increased sensitivity of both jar1 and etr1‐1 mutants to UV‐B radiation, as compared with wild‐type plants, indicated that intact JA and ethylene signal pathways are required for defence against UV‐B damage.
3D Out‐of‐Plane Rotational Etching with Pinned Catalysts in Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon (2011)

Abstract Pinned structures in conjunction with shaped catalysts are used in metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) of silicon to induce out‐of‐plane rotational etching. Sub‐micro‐ and nanostructures are fabricated in silicon, which include scooped‐out channels and curved subsurface horns, along with vertically oriented thin metal structures. Five different etching modes induced by catalyst and pinning geometry are identified: 1) fully pinned–no etching, 2) rotation via twist, 3) rotation via delamination, 4) in‐plane bending, and 5) swinging. The rotation angle is roughly controlled through catalyst geometry. The force and pressure experienced by the catalyst are calculated from the deformation of the catalyst and range between 0.5–3.5 μN and 0.5–3.9 MPa, respectively. This is a new, simple method to fabricate 3D, heterogeneous sub‐micro‐ and nanostructures in silicon with high feature fidelity on the order of tens of nanometers while providing a method to measure the forces responsible for catalyst motion during MACE.
Selectivities in pure and mixed supercritical fluid solvents (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivities in pure and mixed supercritical fluid solventsJoseph M. Dobbs and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 7, 1476–1482Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00067a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00067a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Amino-Crotylsilylation of Achiral Acetals and Aldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines and Functionalized Pyrrolidines (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Amino-Crotylsilylation of Achiral Acetals and Aldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines and Functionalized PyrrolidinesJames S. Panek and Nareshkumar F. JainCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2674–2675Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Conservation, Regulation, Synteny, and Introns in a Large-scale <i>C. briggsae–C. elegans</i> Genomic Alignment (2000)

A new algorithm, WABA, was developed for doing large-scale alignments between genomic DNA of different species. WABA was used to align 8 million bases of Caenorhabditis briggsae genomic DNA against the entire 97-million-base Caenorhabditis elegans genome. The alignment, including C. briggsae homologs of 154 genetically characterized C. elegans genes and many times this number of largely uncharacterized ORFs, can be browsed and searched on the Web (http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/ approximately kent/intronerator). The alignment confirms that patterns of conservation can be useful in identifying regulatory regions and rarely expressed coding regions. Conserved regulatory elements can be identified inside coding exons by examining the level of divergence at the wobble position of codons. The alignment reveals a bimodal size distribution of syntenic regions. Over 250 introns are present in one species but not the other. The 3' and 5' intron splice sites have more similarity to each other in introns unique to one species than in C. elegans introns as a whole, suggesting a possible mechanism for intron removal.
In vivo tear-film thickness determination and implications for tear-film stability (1998)

Tear-film thickness is an important parameter that varies among individuals. These variations correlate with differences in tear-film stability.
Chemical Conversion of a trans-Activation Responsive RNA-Binding Fragment of HIV-1 Tat Protein into a Site-Specific Crosslinking Agent (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Conversion of a trans-Activation Responsive RNA-Binding Fragment of HIV-1 Tat Protein into a Site-Specific Crosslinking AgentZhuying Wang and Tariq M. RanaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 20, 5438–5444Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00125a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00125a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Targeting the Affluent Consumer (1988)

Marketing to America's affluent consumers is no easy task. However, there is a significant segment of high‐income consumers who are rarely prospected. Here's how to target these hidden achievers.