gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•</sup><sup>-</sup> and OH<sup>•</sup> Formed in TiO<sub>2</sub> Aqueous Suspensions by Photocatalytic Reaction and the Influence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and Some Ions (2002)

We have investigated the effect of H2O2 on the behavior of O2•- and OH• produced in photocatalysis of aqueous TiO2 suspensions by means of luminol chemiluminescence probing and terephthalic acid fluorescence probing, respectively. The reduction of O2 by photoinduced conduction band electrons (e-) was increased by the addition of H2O2, since the consumption of photoinduced valence band holes (h+) in the oxidation of H2O2 caused the repression of e-−h+ recombination. After the end of the light irradiation, the amount of O2•- decreased based on the fractal-like kinetics at the heterogeneous surface of the TiO2 particle. The decay process might be caused by trapped h+, which cannot react with water and then remains on the TiO2 particle after the irradiation. The energy level of the trapped h+ was estimated to be above the redox potential of SCN-, since it could react with the adsorbed H2O2 and I- ions but not with other ions such as SCN-, Br-, and Cl-. The formation rate of OH• was increased by the addition of H2O2, indicating the direct reduction of adsorbed H2O2 on the TiO2 surface. The quantum efficiencies of the formation of O2•- and OH• were increased by 3.0 and 3.6 times by the addition of 0.2 mM H2O2.
CD34-deficient mice have reduced eosinophil accumulation after allergen exposure and show a novel crossreactive 90-kD protein (1996)

CD34 is expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, stromal cells, and on the surface of high-endothelial venules (HEV). CD34 binds L-selectin, an adhesion molecule important for leukocyte rolling on venules and lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes (PLN). We generated CD34-deficient mutant animals through the use of homologous recombination. Wild-type and mutant animals showed no differences in lymphocyte binding to PLN HEV, in leukocyte rolling on venules or homing to PLN, in neutrophil extravasation into peritoneum in response to inflammatory stimulus, nor in delayed type hypersensitivity. Anti-L-selectin monoclonal antibody (MEL-14) also inhibited these immune responses similarly in both CD34-deficient and wild-type mice. However, eosinophil accumulation in the lung after inhalation of a model allergen, ovalbumin, is several-fold lower in mutant mice. We found no abnormalities in hematopoiesis in adult mice and interactions between mutant progenitor cells and a stromal cell line in vitro were normal. No differences existed in the recovery of progenitor cells after 5-fluorouracil treatment, nor in the mobilization of progenitor cells after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment compared with wild-type animals. Surprisingly, although CD34 was not expressed in these mice, a portion of its 90-kD band crossreactive with MECA79 remained after Western blot. Thus, we have identified an additional molecule(s) that might be involved in leukocyte trafficking. These results indicate that CD34 plays an important role in eosinophil trafficking into the lung.
Learning to localize detected objects (2012)

In this paper, we propose an approach to accurately localize detected objects. The goal is to predict which features pertain to the object and define the object extent with segmentation or bounding box. Our initial detector is a slight modification of the DPM detector by Felzenszwalb et al., which often reduces confusion with background and other objects but does not cover the full object. We then describe and evaluate several color models and edge cues for local predictions, and we propose two approaches for localization: learned graph cut segmentation and structural bounding box prediction. Our experiments on the PASCAL VOC 2010 dataset show that our approach leads to accurate pixel assignment and large improvement in bounding box overlap, sometimes leading to large overall improvement in detection accuracy.
3D porous layered double hydroxides grown on graphene as advanced electrochemical pseudocapacitor materials (2013)

A 3D hybrid nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH)–graphene nanosheets (GNS) composite as a supercapacitor material has been fabricated by in situ deposition of LDH nanosheets on graphene oxide (GO) through a liquid phase deposition method. The results reveal that NiAl-LDH homogeneously grew on the surface of GNS as spacers to keep the neighboring sheets separate. Optimum effects could be achieved when feeding ratio, reaction time and temperature are tuned. The obtained porous GNS/NiAl-LDH composite exhibited high-capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 1255.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 755.6 F g−1 at 6 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, the composite exhibited excellent cycling performance with an increase of 6% capacitance compared with the initial capacitance after 1500 cycle tests. Such high specific capacitance, rate capability and exceptional cycling ability of the composite offered great promise in energy storage device applications.
Identification of Differential Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Adults (2013)

This work demonstrated that there were four distinct metabolic responses to the OGTT. Classification of subjects based on their response curves revealed an "at risk" metabolic phenotype.
Pulse interferences elimination and classification of on-line UHF PD signals for power transformer (2008)

Raw on-line monitoring PD data for transformers consist of true PD signals as well as several kinds of interference signals too. Among the interference signals, pulse type interference signals are the most difficult to eliminate. In this paper, we propose a set of practical pulse type interference signals elimination method for an on-line UHF PD monitoring system of a 500kV three-phase split type power transformer. That is noise sensor method and inter-phase antitheses method to exclude external pulse type interferences. The characteristic parameters from the pre-processed data in single cycle are extracted. The data are then classified with fuzzy clustering and grey clustering method to make further discrimination of all kinds of coincident pulse type interferences with true PD signals. At last, the classified PD signals are statistically analyzed with PRPD method, the evaluation on PD activities are then made based on the clustered PD data.
Evaluation of Ten Wild Nigerian Mushrooms for Amylase and Cellulase Activities (2011)

Amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. Ten different wild Nigerian mushrooms (Agaricus blazei, Agaricus sp., Corilopsis occidentalis, Coriolus versicolor, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces globulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Podoscypha bolleana, Pogonomyces hydnoides, and Nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. The results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good amylase and cellulase activities. With the incorporation of carboxymethyl-cellulose (a carbon source) into the culture medium, Agaricus blazei had the highest amylolytic activity of 0.60 unit/mL (at 25℃, pH 6.8). This was followed in order by P. tuber-regium and Agaricus sp. with 0.42 and 0.39 unit/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Maltose and sucrose supplementation into the submerged liquid medium made N. hygrophanus and P. hydnoides to exhibit very low amylase activities of 0.09 and 0.11 unit/mL, respectively. Introducing peptone (an organic nitrogen source) into the basal medium enhanced the ability of C. versicolor to produce a cellulase value of 0.74 unit/mL. Other organic nitrogen sources that supported good cellulase activities were yeast extract and urea. Sodium nitrate (inorganic nitrogen source) generally inhibited cellulase production in all mushrooms. The best carbon source was carboxymethyl-cellulose, which promoted very high cellulase activity of 0.67 unit/mL in C. versicolor, which was followed in order by P. tuber-regium, T. chypeatus, and C. occidentalis (p ≤ 0.05). Sucrose was the poorest carbon compound, supporting the lowest values of 0.01, 0.01, and 0.14 unit/mL in P. hydnoides, A. blazei, and Agaricus sp., respectively.
A metabonomic analysis of plasma from Zucker rat strains using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pattern recognition (2006)

Plasma obtained from three strains of Zucker rats was analysed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to obtain global metabolite profiles as part of a series of metabonomic investigations of animal models of diabetes. Samples were obtained from 20-week-old male wild-type Zucker lean, (fa/fa) obese and lean/(fa) animals and were analysed following protein precipitation, using acetonitrile, and derivatisation. Subsequent data analysis using principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) revealed differences between the plasma metabolite profiles of the three strains, with those of the Zucker lean and the lean/(fa) crosses being similar to each other whilst differing from the (fa/fa) obese strain.
Hybrid Si/TMD 2D electronic double channels fabricated using solid CVD few-layer-MoS2 stacking for V<inf>th</inf> matching and CMOS-compatible 3DFETs (2014)

Stackable 3DFETs such as FinFET using hybrid Si/MoS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> channels were developed using a fully CMOS-compatible process. Adding several molecular layers (3–16 layers) of the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD), MoS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> to Si fin and nanowire resulted in improved (+25%) I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,n</inf> of the FinFET and nanowire FET (NWFET). The PFETs also operated effectively and the N/P device V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> are low and matched perfectly. The proposed heterogeneous Si/TMD 3DFETs can be useful in future electronics.
Endothelium-dependent contractions to acetylcholine in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1986)

To study the mechanism of decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), rings of thoracic aorta with and without endothelium were taken from age-matched male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and suspended for isometric tension recording. Acetylcholine caused endothelium-dependent contractions in quiescent rings from SHR but not in those from WKY. These contractions were inhibited by atropine but not by hexamethonium and were prevented by inhibitors of phospholipase A2 or cyclooxygenase but not by inhibitors of prostacyclin synthetase, thromboxane synthetase, or leukotriene synthetase. Prostaglandin D2, E1, E2, and F2 alpha caused concentration-dependent contractions in rings without endothelium from both SHR and WKY; the responses to the highest concentration (10(-5) M) of the individual prostaglandins were comparable in both strains. Endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by high but not by low concentrations of acetylcholine were significantly depressed in SHR as compared with those in WKY (p less than 0.05). Indomethacin normalized endothelium-dependent relaxations in SHR. Thus, acetylcholine can activate muscarinic receptors that evoke endothelium-dependent contractions in the aorta of SHR but not in that of WKY. The contraction probably is mediated by a cyclooxygenase product(s) other than prostacyclin or thromboxane A2. The reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine in the SHR probably are not due to a decreased release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) but to the simultaneous release of endothelium-derived contracting substance(s).
Ocean food and energy farm project. Subtask No. 6: systems analysis. Volume 1. Overall economic analysis of the base line design. Final report (1976)

The Ocean Food and Energy Farm (OFEF) concept involves utilizing the energy from the sun and the nutrients residing in the oceans in large scale farming of the oceans to grow kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and marine animals. The initial systems analysis of the Ocean Food and Energy Farm is reported. A preliminary evaluation of the economic and technological feasibility of the concept is presented. Data and information needed for formulating an effective research and development strategy are also presented.
A self-supported, three-dimensional porous copper film as a current collector for advanced lithium metal batteries (2018)

3D porous Cu foil fabricated by the painting–alloying–dealloying method exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as a current collector for Li metal batteries.
Glycerol accumulation while recycling thin stillage in corn fermentations to ethanol (1990)

By successive recycling of the thin stillage in mashing and fermenting fresh corn, the glycerol content in each fermentation increased by about 0.4% and accumulated to a high of 2.1% in the beer of the fifth recycle. Glycerol concentration declined after the fifth recycle. The original fermentation contained 0.8% glycerol.
Recent western South Atlantic bottom water warming (2006)

Potential temperature differences are computed from hydrographic sections transiting the western basins of the South Atlantic Ocean from 60°S to the equator in 2005/2003 and 1989/1995. While warming is observed throughout much of the water column, the most statistically significant warming is about +0.04°C in the bottom 1500 dbar of the Brazil Basin, with similar (but less statistically significant) warming signals in the abyssal Argentine Basin and Scotia Sea. These abyssal waters of Antarctic origin spread northward in the South Atlantic. The observed abyssal Argentine Basin warming is of a similar magnitude to that previously reported between 1980 and 1989. The Brazil Basin abyssal warming is similar in size to and consistent in timing with previously reported changes in abyssal southern inflow and northern outflow. The temperature changes reported here, if they were to hold throughout the abyssal world ocean, would contribute substantially to global ocean heat budgets.
Na+ Tolerance and Na+ Transport in Higher Plants (2003)

Tolerance to high soil [Na(+)] involves processes in many different parts of the plant, and is manifested in a wide range of specializations at disparate levels of organization, such as gross morphology, membrane transport, biochemistry and gene transcription. Multiple adaptations to high [Na(+)] operate concurrently within a particular plant, and mechanisms of tolerance show large taxonomic variation. These mechanisms can occur in all cells within the plant, or can occur in specific cell types, reflecting adaptations at two major levels of organization: those that confer tolerance to individual cells, and those that contribute to tolerance not of cells per se, but of the whole plant. Salt-tolerant cells can contribute to salt tolerance of plants; but we suggest that equally important in a wide range of conditions are processes involving the management of Na(+) movements within the plant. These require specific cell types in specific locations within the plant catalysing transport in a coordinated manner. For further understanding of whole plant tolerance, we require more knowledge of cell-specific transport processes and the consequences of manipulation of transporters and signalling elements in specific cell types.
Candida albicans C3d receptor, isolated by using a monoclonal antibody (1988)

Pseudohyphae of Candida albicans possess a receptor for C3d, a fragment of the complement component C3. This receptor was partially purified by using a monoclonal antibody (CA-A) that previously had been shown to inhibit the binding of C3d to C. albicans pseudohyphae. Purified immunoglobulin G from ascites fluid (CA-A) was coupled to a cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose column, and an affinity-purified fraction (A2) from C. albicans pseudohyphae was obtained. This fraction inhibited rosetting of the EAC3d receptor by pseudohyphae and appeared to contain glycoprotein, since receptor activity could be removed when A2 was incubated with lectins specific for mannose and glucose. A2 was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and two polypeptides of approximately 60 and 70 kilodaltons (kDa) were consistently identified in reducing gels. The 60-kDa protein was identified as a glycoprotein by concanavalin A binding. A2 was further analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of three fractions obtained by HPLC, one containing the 60-kDa protein was found to have receptor activity. When analyzed by HPLC, this protein was found to contain mannose and glucose in approximately equal amounts. Both immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of pseudohyphae treated with CA-A identified A2 as a surface moiety. Thus, the C3d receptor of C. albicans, isolated with CA-A, is a glycoprotein of approximately 60 kDa.
Cholecystokinin antagonists (part 1): Antinociceptive, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of N-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-phenylureas and carboxamides. (2008)

The SAR optimization of the pyrazoline template resulted in novel 3-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-indole carboxamides and novel 3-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-phenylureas. These non-peptidal heterocyclic compounds have shown to bind as potent CCK1 selective and mixed CCK antagonists in a [(125)I]CCK-8 receptor binding assay. The best amides 3c and 3d of this series displayed an IC(50) of 20 and 25 nM for the CCK(1) receptor, respectively. The best ureidopyrazoline 4b and 4e of this series displayed an IC(50) of 20 and 25 nM, as a mixed CCK receptor antagonist. In the elevated x-maze an anxiolytic effect of the urea 4e was found from 10 μg/kg upwards for the mixed antagonist. In the despair swimming test, a model for testing antidepressants, both mixed and CCK(1) selective antagonists were found active as a modulator over a big range from from 10-500 μg/kg and the magnitude of the effects were comparable to desimipramine. The amides and the phenylureas enhanced significantly the analgesic effect of morphine over a wide dose range in mice.
Problems (1995)

G. A. Edgar, Peter J. Ferraro, Hugh Thurston, Wu Wei Chao, Piotr Zarzycki, Erwin Just, George Mackiw, Scott Coble, Daniel P. Moore, Thomas Jager, Paul Bracken, Chris Hill, John O. Kiltinen, Fred Galvin, Barry Cipra, A. R. Sourour, Rudolf Rupp, John Frohliger, Adam Zeuske, Michael Vowe, Murray S. Klamkin, Anchorage Math Solutions Group, Richard Holzsager, George Gilbert, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Jun., 1995), pp. 224-232
Recent Advances in the Quest for a New Insulation Gas with a Low Impact on the Environment to Replace Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas in High-Voltage Power Network Applications (2017)

The growing environmental challenge of electrical energy systems has prompted a substantial increase in renewable energy generation. Such generation systems allow for significant reduction of CO2 emissions compared with a traditional fossil fuel plant. Furthermore, several improvements in power systems network configuration and operation combined with new technologies have enabled reduction of losses and energy demand, thus contributing to reduction of CO2 emissions. Another environmental threat identified in electrical networks is the leaking of insulating sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas used in electrical gas insulated substations (GIS) and equipment. Because of its Global Warming Potential (GWP) of nearly 24,000 and its long life in the atmosphere (over 3000 years), SF6 gas was recognized as a greenhouse gas at the 1997 COP3; since then its use and emissions in the atmosphere have been regulated by international treaties. It is expected that as soon as an alternative insulating gas is found, SF6 use in high-voltage (HV) equipment will be banned. This paper presents an overview of the key research advances made in recent years in the quest to find eco-friendly gases to replace SF6. The review reports the main properties of candidate gases that are being investigated; in particular, natural gases (dry air, N2 or CO2) and polyfluorinated gases especially Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), Perfluorinated Ketones, Octafluorotetra-hydrofuran, Hydrofluoroolefin (HFOs), and Fluoronitriles are presented and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed with an emphasis on their dielectric properties (especially their dielectric strength), GWP, and boiling point with respect to the minimum operating temperature for HV power network applications.
Jean Wirtz, Métadiscours et déceptivité («Julien Torma vu par le Collège de Pataphysique»), Éd Peter Lang, coll. Sciences pour la communication, 1996 (1998)

Janssens Lysiane. Jean Wirtz, Métadiscours et déceptivité («Julien Torma vu par le Collège de Pataphysique»), Éd Peter Lang, coll. Sciences pour la communication, 1996. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 78, 1998. pp. 67-68.
Microarray expression profiling of human dental pulp from single subject (2008)

We report a microarray analysis, carried out by extraction of total RNA from specimens of healthy human dental pulp tissue. This approach represents a powerful tool in the study of human normal and pathological pulp, allowing minimization of the genetic variability due to the pooling of samples from different individuals.
Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis. The relationship between induction of cAMP and hemolysis. (1991)

Bordetella pertussis produces a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase (AC) that exists in several forms. Only one form of AC, of apparent 200 kDa, is a toxin that penetrates eukaryotic cells and generates uncontrolled levels of intracellular cAMP. Recombination studies in transposon Tn5-insertion mutants of B. pertussis and amino acid sequence homology with alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli suggested that AC toxin may also have a hemolytic activity. Here, we demonstrate that only the toxic form of B. pertussis AC possesses hemolytic activity. Immunoblotting of membranes from sheep erythrocytes throughout the process of cell lysis detects the presence and accumulation of only the 200-kDa form of B. pertussis AC. cAMP generation induced by AC toxin in sheep erythrocytes is immediate whereas appearance of hemolysis is delayed by about 1 h and requires a higher level of AC toxin activity. Addition of exogenous calmodulin to sheep erythrocyte incubation medium potentiates the hemolytic activity of AC toxin but blocks cAMP generation. Extracellular Ca2+ at mM concentrations is absolutely required for cAMP generation but not for hemolysis. However, binding of AC toxin to sheep erythrocytes in the absence of exogenous Ca2+ followed by reincubation of cells in a toxin-free buffer containing Ca2+ leads to an immediate rise in intracellular cAMP. Human erythrocytes bind AC toxin and generate cAMP but are resistant to lysis. These results show that binding of AC toxin to erythrocytes can cause both cAMP generation and hemolysis or only one of these depending on conditions applied and cell type used.