gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2014)

This systematic review of non-industry sponsored RCTs could not determine a difference between intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab for deaths, All SSAEs, or specific subsets of SSAEs in the first two years of treatment, with the exception of gastrointestinal disorders. The current evidence is imprecise and might vary across levels of patient risks, but overall suggests that if a difference exists, it is likely to be small. Health policies for the utilisation of ranibizumab instead of bevacizumab as a routine intervention for neovascular AMD for reasons of systemic safety are not sustained by evidence. The main results and quality of evidence should be verified once all trials are fully published.
Yield learning and the sources of profitability in high technology manufacturing and process development (2004)

A numerical model that identifies the high-leverage variables associated with profitability in high technology manufacturing is presented. Varying the parameters of the model demonstrates that a rapid yield-learning rate determines profitability more than any other factor does. Factors such as ramping up to production early, adding factory capacity, maximizing quality, and increasing the robustness of product designs all yield diminishing returns. The model also suggests the preparations in the early stages of process development are the key to successful yield learning.
IntAct: an open source molecular interaction database (2003)

IntAct provides an open source database and toolkit for the storage, presentation and analysis of protein interactions. The web interface provides both textual and graphical representations of protein interactions, and allows exploring interaction networks in the context of the GO annotations of the interacting proteins. A web service allows direct computational access to retrieve interaction networks in XML format. IntAct currently contains approximately 2200 binary and complex interactions imported from the literature and curated in collaboration with the Swiss-Prot team, making intensive use of controlled vocabularies to ensure data consistency. All IntAct software, data and controlled vocabularies are available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact.
Evolution of alkaline phosphatase in marine species of Vibrio (1981)

The evolution of alkaline phosphatase was studied in marine species of Vibrio. Two antisera prepared against purified alkaline phosphatases from Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio harveyi were used to estimate the amino acid sequence divergence of this enzyme in 51 strains belonging to nine species. The methods used were the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique and the Ouchterlony double-diffusion procedure. There was a high degree of congruence between the measurement of the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and the percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid homology of the different organisms relative to both reference strains (correlation coefficient of -0.89) as well as between the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (correlation coefficient of 0.92) relative to V. splendidus. These findings supported the view that the evolution of marine species of Vibrio is primarily vertical and that horizontal evolution (involving genetic exchange between species), if significant, is restricted to a minor fraction of the bacterial genome.
Management of truncal acne vulgaris: current perspectives on treatment. (2006)

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common disorders encountered by dermatologists in the clinical setting. Although it is well recognized that the back and chest may be affected in many patients, little data exist regarding the prevalence, grading, and treatment of truncal acne vulgaris. Results of clinical studies suggest that as with facial acne vulgaris, combination therapy is optimal. This article discusses clinical challenges related to the management of truncal acne vulgaris, a system for rating disease severity, and recommendations regarding the use of topical and systemic therapies.
Automatically extracting structure and data from business reports (1999)

A considerable amount of clean semistructured data is internally available to companies in the form of business reports. However, business reports are untapped for data mining, data warehousing, and querying because they are not in relational form. Business reports have a regular structure that can be reconstructed. We present algorithms that automatically infer the regular structure underlying business reports and automatically generate wrappers to extract relational data.
A comprehensive approach for the development of modular software architecture description languages (2005)

Research over the past decade has revealed that modeling software architecture at the level of components and connectors is useful in a growing variety of contexts. This has led to the development of a plethora of notations for representing software architectures, each focusing on different aspects of the systems being modeled. In general, these notations have been developed without regard to reuse or extension. This makes the effort in adapting an existing notation to a new purpose commensurate with developing a new notation from scratch. To address this problem, we have developed an approach that allows for the rapid construction of new architecture description languages (ADLs). Our approach is unique because it encapsulates ADL features in modules that are composed to form ADLs. We achieve this by leveraging the extension mechanisms provided by XML and XML schemas. We have defined a set of generic, reusable ADL modules called xADL 2.0, useful as an ADL by itself, but also extensible to support new applications and domains. To support this extensibility, we have developed a set of reflective syntax-based tools that adapt to language changes automatically, as well as several semantically-aware tools that provide support for advanced features of xADL 2.0. We demonstrate the effectiveness, scalability, and flexibility of our approach through a diverse set of experiences. First, our approach has been applied in industrial contexts, modeling software architectures for aircraft software and spacecraft systems. Second, we show how xADL 2.0 can be extended to support the modeling features found in two different representations for modeling product-line architectures. Finally, we show how our infrastructure has been used to support its own development. The technical contribution of our infrastructure is augmented by several research contributions: the first decomposition of an architecture description language into modules, insights about how to develop new language modules and a process for integrating them, and insights about the roles of different kinds of tools in a modular ADL-based infrastructure.
Extrusion technology and its application in food processing: A review (2020)

Extrusion technology is gaining increasing popularity in the global agro-food processing industry, which employs mixing, forming, texturing and cooking to develop a novel food product. Extrusion cooking is a high-temperature short-time (HTST) process which inactivates enzymes and reduces microbial contamination. Extrusion cooking is mostly preferred, as it has high productivity and significant nutrient retention as compared to conventional cooking. The extrusion technology has become an important technique in food processing industries with its numerous advantages over other processing methods. It is one of the cost effective method and offers a platform for processing of different products from various food groups by modifying minor or major ingredients and processing conditions. Extrusion technology is applied in food processing industry for the development of variety of snacks, pasta, breakfast cereals, pet foods, supplementary foods and other textured foods. It is an economical technology for incorporating food processing by-products and residue back into the food stream. The versatility of extrusion technology makes it convenient for development of nutritionally rich fortified products and value added products with combination of different inexpensive raw materials. Extruded products have less moisture content, longer shelf life and are microbiologically safe. The variability of the product and high quality, productivity of the new foods and minimal processing time are the advantages of this technology.
Clonal karyotypic aberrations in enchondromas. (1992)

Enchondromas, benign cartilaginous tumors arising within the medullary cavity of bone, are frequently difficult to differentiate from their malignant counterpart. In this study, cytogenetic analysis was performed on seven cases of solitary enchondroma. Normal karyotypes were observed in five cases. Clonal abnormalities were detected in two cases. An isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 6 characterized one case, and t(12;15)(q13;q26) in addition to random numerical and structural abnormalities such as telomeric association was observed in the other case. An i(6p) and structural rearrangements involving 12q13 previously have been described in chondrosarcoma. Our findings suggest that similar clonal karyotypic abnormalities exist in benign and malignant cartilaginous neoplasms.
Graphic Design for Electronic Documents and User Interfaces (1991)

1. Introduction. 2. Layout. 3. Typography. 4. Symbolism. 5. Color. 6. Visualizing Knowledge: Charts, Diagrams, and Maps. 7. Screen Design for User Interfaces. 8. A Comparison of Graphical User Interfaces. 9. Appendices. 10. Acknowledgments. 11. Bibliography. 12. Index. 13. Authors. 14. Bibliography. 0201543648T04062001
Dual use architecture for innovative lidar and free space optical communications (2017)

An innovative and effective architecture for lidar systems is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme can also be easily exploited for optical communications. In particular, the system includes an innovative lidar software-defined architecture based on optically coherent detection, overcoming current drawbacks of time of flight incoherent systems. The experiments demonstrate the ability to perform long range detection resorting to the waveform compression on the continuous wave approach, obtaining a range resolution of 15 cm with a sensitivity of -95 dBm. Beside the bulk implementation, the system has been also implemented in a photonic integrated circuit using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible silicon on insulator technology with an extremely reduced footprint of 1.5 mm×3.5 mm. The testing of the integrated device confirms the effectiveness of this proof-of-concept realization.
IgE-dependent cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes (1991)

These studies demonstrate the IgE-dependent production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by circulating blood monocytes. IL-1 beta production was demonstrated biologically as the stimulation of proliferation of the cloned IL-1-dependent murine T cell line D10.G4.1 in the presence of a submitogenic concentration of PHA. In a representative experiment, 3H-thymidine uptake increased from 57826 cpm in the presence of supernatants obtained from unstimulated cells to 200774 cpm with supernatants from monocytes stimulated by IgE/alpha IgE immune complexes. By ELISA, IgE complexes increased IL-1 beta production from 0.54 +/- 0.06 ng (per 10(6) monocytes) to 2.60 +/- 0.62 ng (p less than 0.01; mean of eight experiments) and TNF-alpha production from 0.17 +/- 0.10 ng to 3.00 +/- 0.54 ng (p less than 0.01; mean of four experiments). No IL-1 alpha secretion was observed. RNA hybridization analysis demonstrated that IL-1 beta production represented de novo synthesis of the cytokine. Stimulated RNA production was observed after a minimal 1/2-h incubation and was maximal at 2 h. The IgE-dependent secretion of these pro-inflammatory cytokines by mononuclear phagocytic cells may contribute to the inflammation characteristic of allergic responses.
[The COX regression analysis on the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS]. (2004)

In the treatment of SARS, GCS seems to be effective. An appropriate dose and a right time of application decrease the risk of death. The use of GCS in SARS patients with comorbidities should be with caution.
Validation and Comparison of Seven Mortality Prediction Models for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2016)

Four clinically derived, inpatient, HF mortality models exhibited similar performance, with C statistics near 0.70. Three other models, 1 developed in electronic health record data and 2 developed in administrative data, also were predictive, with C statistics from 0.76 to 0.80. Because every model performed acceptably, the decision to use a given model should depend on practical concerns and intended use.
Electrophysiological and Endocrinological Aspects of Aging in the Rat Pineal Gland (1986)

Previous morphological and biochemical studies point to an age-dependent loss of pineal gland function. In order to investigate the possible alterations of electrical activity of aged rat pineal glands, electrophysiological recordings in 3- and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were undertaken at both daytime and nighttime. Extracellularly recorded action potentials were characterized according to discharge frequency and serum melatonin levels were determined concomitantly. Significant differences in the frequency distributions between young adult and old rats were found to occur at nighttime, with a shift towards lower frequencies in old animals. Serum melatonin levels were reduced significantly in old rats and the characteristic nocturnal peak was attenuated. These results demonstrate a distinct decrease of pineal electrical and secretory activity with advancing age, which may contribute to an age-dependent decline of neuroendocrine capacity.
Unusual C-6 Lithiation of 2-Chloropyridine-Mediated by BuLi−Me<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>OLi. New Access to 6-Functional-2-chloropyridines and Chloro-bis-heterocycles (2000)

The reaction of 2-chloropyridine with alkylithium generally results in nucleophilic addition leading to the loss of chlorine atom while exclusive directed ortho metalation is obtained using LDA. Herein it is shown that the BuLi-Me(2)N(CH(2))(2)OLi (BuLi-LiDMAE) superbase promotes an unprecedented regioselective C-6 lithiation. The method was successfully applied to the preparation of potentially useful chlorinated pyridinic and bis-heterocyclic synthons.
Plant Growth Promoters Isolated from a Marine Bacterium Associated with<i>Palythoa</i>sp (1998)

Abstract The fermentation broth of bacterial strain A108, isolated from tissues aseptically excised from Palythoa sp., was found to exhibit plant growth promotion activity in an agrochemical screen employed in our laboratory. Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification yielded three compounds, cyclo[L-(4-hydroxyprolinyl)-L-leucine], cyclo[L-(4-hydroxyprolinyl)-D-leucine], and cyclo[L-(4-hydroxyprolinyl)-L-phenylalanine]. All three compounds stimulated plant growth. Two of the three diketopiperazines are previously known compounds associated with drought resistance and growth promotion in rice seedlings; a similar function for Palythoa spp. is hypothesized. Cyclo[L-(4-hydroxyprolinyl)-L-phenylalanine] is the only one of the three previously isolated from a marine source.
Acardius Anceps with Evidence of Intrauterine Vascular Occlusion: Report of a Case and Discussion of the Pathogenesis (1991)

An acardiac anomaly (holoacardius anceps) showed advanced development of the head and lower body parts in the absence of all thoracic and upper abdominal viscera. Large vascular anastomoses in the vertebral canal formed the only blood supply to the head. The two-vessel umbilical cord of the acardius contained calcified mural thrombi in both vessels. Severe fetal hydrops resulted in an exceptionally large birth weight of 3720 g. Fibroblasts from the acardius showed chromosomal mosaicism. The surviving co-twin was remarkable for a widely patent ductus artenosus, unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia, and a normal chromosome complement. The circumscribed absence of organ development in the thorax and upper abdomen of the acardius and the vascular anatomy with thrombosis of the umbilical vessels suggest that an occlusion of thoracic and abdominal vessels was significant in the development of this acardiac malformation and should be considered as a possible pathogenetic mechanism in similar cases of acardia.
Rules of the game (2016)

By deciphering the rules of protein structure, David Baker has learned how to one-up nature and design new medicines and materials.
Supraspinal interactions resulting from experimental dorsal column stimulation (1975)

Experiments were performed on rhesus monkeys to examine the hypothesis that stimulation with dorsal column electrodes of the type implanted clinically could alter the responses evoked in supraspinal nuclei through pathways in the ventral quadrant of the spinal cord. Dorsal column stimulation did produce changes in responses evoked in supraspinal nuclei; this effect could not be ascribed to a conduction block in ascending pathways. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of the dorsal column stimulator need not be dependent on interactions in the dorsal horn.
Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds of <i>Argyreia Nervosa</i>, <i>Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,</i> and <i>Ipomoea Purpurea</i> in Poland (2013)

Abstract Recently, there are important changes in recreational drug use. The aim of the present study was to analyse reports published on a recreational web site by drug users who ingested seeds of plants belonging to the Convolvulaceae family and to compare them with available medical case reports. We have also included reports describing the effects induced by “druids fantasy,” which is a new drug allegedly containing the same alkaloid as the seeds of A. nervosa. Our search reveals the reoccurrence of recreational use of I. tricolor and violacea (morning glory), which had not been reported in medical literature since 1968. We have also found that drug users are experimenting with other species, such as I. purpurea, whose psychoactive properties are unknown. Symptoms and doses reported by drug users were comparable with the few available medical case reports. The most worrying symptom was suicidal ideation reported by two subjects who ingested A. nervosa and Ipomoea seeds. Effects induced by druids fantasy were comparable with the effects induced by A. nervosa and various Ipomoea species. The ingestion of seeds was frequently associated with taking drugs such as cannabis and hashish, although other combinations, for example with dextromethorphan, were also reported.
Identification of Alkyl Dimethylbenzylammonium Surfactants in Water Samples by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Ion Trap LC/MS and LC/MS/MS (2001)

A novel methodology was developed for the determination of alkyl (C12, C14, and C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride or BAC, Chemical Abstract Service number: 8001-54-5) in water samples. This method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using polymeric cartridges, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) detection, equipped with an electrospray interface in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved for three BAC homologues by using a C18 column and a gradient of acetonitrile/10 millimolar aqueous ammonium formate. Total method recoveries were higher than 71% in different water matrices. The main ions observed by LC/MS were at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 304, 332, and 360, which correspond to the molecular ions of the C12, C14, and C16 alkyl BAC, respectively. The unequivocal structural identification of these compounds in water samples was performed by LC/MS/MS after isolation and subsequent fragmentation of each molecular ion. The main fragmentation observed for the three different homologues corresponded to the loss of the toluyl group in the chemical structure, which leads to the fragment ions at m/z 212, 240, and 268 and a tropylium ion, characteristic of all homologues, at m/z 91. Detection limits for the methodology developed in this work were in the low nanogram-per-liter range. Concentration levels of BAC--ranging from 1.2 to 36.6 micrograms per liter--were found in surface-water samples collected downstream from different wastewater-treatment discharges, thus indicating its input and persistence through the wastewater-treatment process.
Identification of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) as a novel target for JUN-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma (2009)

Tumor-bone marrow microenvironment interactions in multiple myeloma (MM) are documented to play crucial roles in plasma-cell growth/survival. In vitro coculture of MM cells with osteoclasts supported cell survival and significantly down-regulated JUN expression. JUN expression in myeloma cells from late-stage and high-risk MM was significantly lower than in plasma cells from healthy donors, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering MM, and low-risk MM; patients with low-JUN-expressing MM cells had earlier disease-related deaths. JUN overexpression in MM cells induced cell death and growth inhibition and up-regulated expression of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), whose low expression also carried unfavorable clinical implications. EGR-1 knockdown in MM cells abrogated JUN overexpression-induced MM cell death and growth inhibition, indicating that EGR-1 acts directly downstream of JUN. JUN modulates myeloma cell apoptosis through interacting with EGR-1, which down-regulates Survivin and triggers caspase signaling. Importantly, high JUN or EGR-1 expression was associated with improved outcome in Total Therapy 3, in which bortezomib is given throughout therapy, versus Total Therapy 2, in which bortezomib is given only at relapse. Consistently, JUN or EGR-1 knockdown in cultured MM cells enhanced their resistance to bortezomib, demonstrating the crucial role of low JUN/EGR-1 expression in MM resistance to bortezomib.
High efficiency GaAs/Ge monolithic tandem solar cells (1988)

Two-terminal monolithic tandem cells consisting of a GaAs solar cell grown epitaxially on a Ge solar cell substrate are very attractive for space power applications. Tandem cells of GaAs grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on thin Ge were investigated to address both higher efficiency and reduced weight. Two materials growth issues associated with this heteroepitaxial system, autodoping of the GaAs layers by Ge and diffusion of Ga and As into the Ge substrate, were addressed. The latter appears to result in information of an unintentional p-n junction in the Ge. Early simulator measurements gave efficiencies as high as 21.7% for 4 cm/sup 2/ GaAs/Ge cells, but recent high-altitude testing has given efficiencies of 18%. Sources of errors in simulator measurements of two-terminal tandem cells are discussed. A limiting efficiency of about 36% for the tandem cell at AMO was calculated. Ways to improve the performance of present cells, primarily by increasing the I/sub sc/ and V/sub oc/ of the Ge cell, are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>