gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Alkaline Earth, Transition, and Heavy Metal Cations by Hydrous Oxide Gels of Iron and Aluminum (1976)

Abstract Freshly precipitated Fe and Al gels (points of zero change at pH 8.1 and 9.4, respectively) strongly specifically adsorb divalent cations from 1 M NaNO 3 solution. Adsorption from a mixed solution of eight divalent cations (each 0.125 × 10 ‐3 M ) in suspensions of freshly precipitated Fe and Al gels (0.093 M with respect to Fe or Al) was measured as a function of pH in 1 M NaNO 3 . The selectivity sequence (lower pH = greater selectivity) for the retention of the alkaline earth cations by Fe gel was Ba > Ca > Sr > Mg, but for the Al gel was Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba. The selectivity sequence (Figures in parentheses indicate pH ± 0.2 for 50% retention) for the Fe gel was: Pb (3.1) > Cu(4.4) > Zn(5.4) > Ni(5.6) > Cd(5.8) > Co(6.0) > Sr(7.4) > Mg(7.8), whereas the sequence for the Al gel was: Cu(4.8) > Pb(5.2) > Zn(5.6) > Ni(6.3) > Co(6.5) > Cd(6.6) > Mg(8.1) > Sr(9.2). Significant adsorption occurred even when the extent of cation hydrolysis was much < 1%, and invariably occurred at a pH lower than that for hydroxide precipitation. Although the adsorption‐pH sequences are related to cation hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitation pH values, the relationship is far from perfect, as is evidenced by the different sequences for the two gels. On aging of the Al gel in the presence of alkaline earth cations, the retention of Mg increased, while that of Ca, Sr, and Ba decreased. This result was thought to result from the structural incorporation of some Mg and the exclusion of the other cations.
Traveling through space-time (2012)

Digital photos are estimated to be generated and uploaded to social image websites (e.g. Flickr) in the amount of 375 petabytes annually [Tueld et al.], and plenty of these photos are annotated with the creation time/date in EXIF information. Among these photos, a large number of images are geo-tagged (e.g. GPS and landmark names) to indicate where the photo was taken. Moreover, several public databases composed of pictures captured by live cameras at various locations are available on the internet. Therefore, it has become a crucial task to enable an intuitive and efficient way for users to browse large-scale photos in space and time.
Artificial Intelligence in Use by Multimodal Fusion (2019)

The explosion of artificial intelligence (AI) methods present many opportunities for future technology, while at the same time, there are some unresolved challenges. One example is the ability to explain, reproduce, and leverage AI methods for practical applications. AI, along with many other pattern recognition and information fusion techniques can augment a user in decision making. However, when difficult decisions arise, contextual knowledge can help discern the merits of the results. In this paper, we highlight the ability of AI to support “usable” man-machine support as for methods that support data at rest, data in use, and data in motion (RUM). An example is shown for deep multi modal image fusion in support of simultaneous tracking and identification.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted Cyclopentenes by an <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of 1,3-Diketones (2007)

The enantioselective synthesis of α,α-disubstituted cyclopentenes using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis is reported. This desymmetrization reaction proceeds via a chiral enol generated in situ from the combination of an enantiopure azolium salt and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. This reactive enol undergoes addition to one of two enantiotopic ketones to afford an optically active β-lactone after the intermediate carbinol is involved in an internal acylation event to release the carbene catalyst. In the substrates where R = aryl, a decarboxylation occurs immediately after lactone formation to produce the quaternary center-containing cyclopentene products in up to 96% ee. When the R group is alkyl, the β-lactones are isolated in moderate yield and high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
DNA fragmentation induced in lymphocytes by gamma irradiation or dexamethasone: inhibition by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC), potentiated by zinc. (1995)

Apoptosis is a process of physiological cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, loss of membrane asymmetry and cell lethality. In the present study, apoptosis induced in thymocytes by dexamethasone or gamma irradiation is evaluated by flow cytometry, gel electrophoresis and other techniques. Treatment of thymocytes with DTC or zinc shows that these products can inhibit radiation- or dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Moreover, a synergistic effect is observed by using associations of both products (5 microM DTC + 50 microM ZnSO4): ZnSO4 potentiates the effect of DTC at concentrations for which the molecules used separately show a low efficacy. These results indicate that DNA fragmentation induced by dexamethasone or irradiation in thymocytes share some identical mechanisms.
Initial point selection and validation in PS-InSAR using integrated amplitude calibration (2005)

SAR amplitude calibration is performed prior to the selection of potential Persistent Scatterers (PS) to avoid amplitude variations due to sensor characteristics and viewing geometry. As only the interferometric phases of a small percentage of the radar pixels in an image is used in the PS-InSAR analysis, it is investigated if this time and storage space consuming step can be omitted. We present an integrated method which does not perform amplitude calibration explicitly, but integrates it into the PS point selection procedure for validation purposes by evaluating the hypothesis that a point would have been selected if all images were calibrated beforehand. Its performance assessment is based on coherent phase behavior of the selected potential PS and indicates that empirical calibration validation is an alternative for calibrating full images based on physical sensor parameters. I. INTRODUCTION Persistent Scatterer (PS) (1) InSAR is based on a network of point scatterers with a non-random phase behavior in time. As their interferometric phase contributions due to deformation are obscured by other effects, their identification is based on the amplitude behavior in time. For an unbiased selection of potential PS, a preceding SAR calibration is performed to isolate the amplitude observations corresponding with phys- ical PS properties from amplitude variations due to viewing geometry and sensor characteristics. Since the amount of PS is generally a small percentage of the full image and only their interferometric phase observations are used in the PS- InSAR analysis, the necessity of calibrating full images can be questioned. This study investigates the integration of amplitude calibration in the selection procedure of potential PS as a validation tool to determine if the potential PS would have been selected if the SAR images were calibrated beforehand.
The Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member Mcl-1 Promotes T Lymphocyte Survival at Multiple Stages (2008)

T lymphocyte development and function are tightly regulated by the intrinsic death pathway through members of the Bcl-2 family. Genetic studies have demonstrated that the Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 is an important anti-apoptotic protein in the development of multiple cell types including T lymphocytes. However, the expression pattern and anti-apoptotic roles of Mcl-1 in T lymphocytes at different developmental stages remain to be fully determined. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of Mcl-1 in different populations of T cells at the single-cell level and found that Mcl-1 protein is constitutively expressed in all T cell populations and up-regulated upon TCR stimulation. We then investigated the role of Mcl-1 in the survival of these different populations by conditionally deleting Mcl-1 at various T cell stages. Our results show that Mcl-1 is required for the survival of double-negative and single-positive thymocytes as well as naive and activated T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Mcl-1 functions together with Bcl-xL to promote double-positive thymocyte survival. Thus, Mcl-1 is a critical anti-apoptotic factor for the survival of T cells at multiple stages in vivo.
Rous sarcoma virus variants that encode src proteins with an altered carboxy terminus are defective for cellular transformation (1985)

The src gene of Rous sarcoma virus (v-src) and its cellular homolog, the c-src gene, share extensive sequence homology. The most notable differences between these genes reside in the region encoding the carboxy terminus of the src proteins. We constructed mutations within the 3' end of the v-src gene to determine the significance of this region to the transforming potential of the v-src protein, pp60v-src. The mutants CHdl300 and CHis1511 contain mutations that alter the last 23 amino acids of pp60v-src, whereas the mutant CHis1545-C contains a linker insertion that alters the last 11 amino acids of pp60v-src, and the mutant CHis1545-H contains a linker insertion that results in a 9-amino-acid insertion at position 415. Plasmids bearing each of these mutations were unable to transform chicken cells when introduced into these cells by DNA transfection. In addition, the structurally altered src proteins encoded by the mutants had much-reduced levels of tyrosine protein kinase activity in vivo, as measured by autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the 34,000-Mr cellular protein, and in vitro, as determined by measuring the level of pp60src autophosphorylation. These data indicate that the carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences play an important role in maintaining the structure of the catalytic domain of pp60v-src. In contrast, the transfection of chicken cells with plasmid DNA containing a chimeric v-c-src gene resulted in morphological cell transformation and the synthesis of an enzymatically active hybrid protein. Therefore, the carboxy-terminal sequence alterations observed in the c-src protein do not alone serve to alter the functional activity of a hybrid v-c-src protein appreciably.
Accurate estimation of sinusoidal parameters in an harmonic+noise model for speech synthesis (1999)

A spoken dialog interface of a mobile office robot is described. To realize robust speech recognition in noisy office environments, a microphone array system and a technique of switching multiple speech recognition processes with different dictionaries are introduced. To realize flexible and natural dialog, task dependent semantic frames and keeping track of attentional state of dialog are used. The system is implemented on a real mobile robot and evaluated with sample dialogs.
Development of a Wearable Mechatronic Elbow Brace for Postoperative Motion Rehabilitation (2015)

This thesis describes the development of a wearable mechatronic brace for upper limb rehabilitation that can be used at any stage of motion training after surgical reconstruction of brachial plexus nerves. The results of the mechanical design and the work completed towards finding the best torque transmission system are presented herein. As part of this mechatronic system, a customized control system was designed, tested and modified. The control strategy was improved by replacing a PID controller with a cascade controller. Although the experiments have shown that the proposed device can be successfully used for muscle training, further assessment of the device, with the help of data from the patients with brachial plexus injury (BPI), is required to improve the control strategy. Unique features of this device include the combination of adjustability and modularity, as well as the passive adjustment required to compensate for the carrying angle.
Neural networks in multivariate calibration (1998)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Evaluation of single cell oil (SCO) from a tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 as a potential feedstock for biodiesel (2012)

Single cell oils (SCOs) accumulated by oleaginous yeasts have emerged as potential alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. As lipid accumulation is species and substrate specific, selection of an appropriate strain is critical. Five strains of Y. lipolytica, a known model oleaginous yeast, were investigated to explore their potential for biodiesel production when grown on glucose and inexpensive wastes. All the strains were found to accumulate > 20% (w/w) of their dry cell mass as lipids with neutral lipid as the major fraction when grown on glucose and on wastes such as waste cooking oil (WCO), waste motor oil (WMO). However, amongst them, Y. lipolytica NCIM 3589, a tropical marine yeast, exhibited a maximal lipid/biomass coefficient, YL/X on 30 g L-1 glucose (0.29 g g-1) and on 100 g L-1 WCO (0.43 g g-1) with a high content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids similar to conventional vegetable oils used for biodiesel production. The experimentally determined and predicted biodiesel properties of strain 3589 when grown on glucose and WCO, such as density (0.81 and 1.04 g cm-3), viscosity (4.44 and 3.6 mm2 s-1), SN (190.81 and 256), IV (65.7 and 37.8) and CN (56.6 and 50.8) are reported for the first time for Y. lipolytica and correlate well with specified standards. Thus, the SCO of oleaginous tropical marine yeast Y. lipolytica NCIM 3589 could be used as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
Graphene Sheet/Porous NiO Hybrid Film for Supercapacitor Applications (2011)

We report the preparation of a nickel-foam-supported graphene sheet/porous NiO hybrid film by the combination of electrophoretic deposition and chemical-bath deposition. The obtained graphene-sheet film of about 19 layers was used as the nanoscale substrate for the formation of a highly porous NiO film made up of interconnected NiO flakes with a thickness of 10-20 nm. The graphene sheet/porous NiO hybrid film exhibits excellent pseudocapacitive behavior with pseudocapacitances of 400 and 324 F g(-1) at 2 and 40 A g(-1), respectively, which is higher than those of the porous NiO film (279 and 188 F g(-1) at 2 and 40 A g(-1)). The enhancement of the pseudocapacitive properties is due to reinforcement of the electrochemical activity of the graphene-sheet film.
Novel Targets for the Development of Anti-Herpes Compounds (2007)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) are members of the Herpesviridae family. HSV infections have been known since ancient times and are one of the most common communicable diseases in humans. Although infections are often subclinical, HSV can cause mild to severe diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients. Herpes simplex viruses establish latency in the nuclei of neuronal cells and may reactivate, with or without symptoms, throughout the host's lifetime. Over one third of the world's population suffer from recurrent HSV infections several times a year and are thus capable of transmitting HSV by close personal contact. There are few drugs licensed for the treatment of HSV infections. Most target the viral DNA polymerase, and indeed acyclovir remains the reference treatment some thirty years after its discovery! Extensive clinical use of this drug has led to the emergence of resistant viral strains, mainly in immunocompromised patients. This highlights the crucial need for the development of new anti-herpes drugs that can inhibit infection by both wild-type viruses and drug-resistant strains. Over the last few years, significant efforts have been made to set up a range of strategies for the identification of potential new anti-viral drugs. One alternative is to develop drugs with different mechanisms of action. The present article reviews potential viral and cellular targets that are now known to be involved in HSV infection and for which specific inhibitors with anti-HSV activity, at least in cell culture, have been identified.
Estimating recreation demand for Lake Erie charterfishing. (1990)

Following the identification of the problem statement and objectives, chapter II holds forth a theoretical model for a recreation demand model.This recreation demand model is developed drawing conceptual basis from the Household Production Theoretic works of Becker (1965, 19711; Lancaster (1966); M athur (1974), andMuellbauer (1974).Then a discussion dealing w ith the operationalization of the theoretical ly developed recreation demand model follows.Chapter III discusses the procedures related to the collection of prim ary data for this study, and narrates a descriptive analysis of the data. Results of analysis isdiscussed in chapter IV.Prior to the presentation of the empirical results, a Likelihood Ratio test-the appropriate statistical test of significance for various models is briefly discussed.Then the results from various recreational demand models, starting with the basic Travel Cost Model, the recent model of McConnell and Strand, the full Gorman specification of recreation demand model, and a modified McConnell & Strand-Gorman specification are analysed.These results describe the implications of parameter estimates: elasticiticities: value ol human time for recreation, and measures of consumer's surplus.Summary and conclusions drawn from all the findings are reported in chapter V.
Alteration of Myocardial Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and Na+–Ca2+ Exchanger Expression in Human Left Ventricular Volume Overload (2007)

MR patients showed wide variations in SERCA/NCX protein expression. Myocardial protein levels of SERCA were significantly lower in the MR population. Moreover, a correlation between BNP, cytokines (IL-6, TNFalpha) and the expression of SERCA/NCX proteins was observed.
The gene for a human microfibril-associated glycoprotein is commonly deleted in Smith-Magenis syndrome patients (1995)

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a clinically recognizable multiple congenital anomaly&sol;mental retardation syndrome associated with deletion of chromosome 17p11.2. Here we report the identification of a novel gene encoding a human microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MFAP4), which has been mapped to the SMS region. A full-length cDNA corresponding to this gene has been sequenced, and reveals a coding region of 255 amino acids. MFAP4 has a fibrinogen-like domain and shares a high level of sequence homology to a fragment of a bovine 36 kDa microfibril-associated glycoprotein. The N-terminus of the protein bears an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence that serves as the ligand motif for cell surface receptor integrin. These structural features of MFAP4 suggest that it is an extracellular matrix protein involved in cell adhesion or intercellular interactions. Deletion analysis has been conducted on 31 SMS patients by polymerase chain reaction and Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrids retaining the del(17)(pll.2) chromosome or by fluorescence <it>in situ</it> hybridization. The MFAP4 locus is deleted in 30 of 31 SMS patients. Thus, the function of this gene must be considered in the pathogenesis of SMS. Given our previous hypothesis that SMS is a contiguous gene syndrome, complete and exhaustive definition of the critical deletion interval and a thorough phenotype-genotype correlation is required to demonstrate the role and importance of the <it>MFAP4</it> gene in SMS.
Longitudinal, Quantitative Assessment of Amyloid, Neuroinflammation, and Anti-Amyloid Treatment in a Living Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Enabled by Positron Emission Tomography (2007)

We provide the first evidence for the capability of a high-resolution positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging system in quantitatively mapping amyloid accumulation in living amyloid precursor protein transgenic (Tg) mice. After the intravenous administration of N-[11C]methyl-2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole (or [11C]PIB for "Pittsburgh Compound-B") with high-specific radioactivity, the Tg mice exhibited high-level retention of radioactivity in amyloid-rich regions. PET investigation for Tg mice over an extended range of ages, including longitudinal assessments, demonstrated age-dependent increase in radioligand binding consistent with progressive amyloid accumulation. Reduction in amyloid levels in the hippocampus of Tg mice was also successfully monitored by multiple PET scans along the time course of anti-amyloid treatment using an antibody against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). Moreover, PET scans with [18F]fluoroethyl-DAA1106, a radiotracer for activated glia, were conducted for these individuals parallel to amyloid imaging, revealing treatment-induced neuroinflammatory responses, the magnitude of which intimately correlated with the levels of pre-existing amyloid estimated by [11C]PIB. It is also noteworthy that the localization and abundance of [11C]PIB autoradiographic signals were closely associated with those of N-terminally truncated and modified Abeta, AbetaN3-pyroglutamate, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Tg mouse brains, implying that the detectability of amyloid by [11C]PIB positron emission tomography is dependent on the accumulation of specific Abeta subtypes. Our results support the usefulness of the small animal-dedicated PET system in conjunction with high-specific radioactivity probes and appropriate Tg models not only for clarifying the mechanistic properties of amyloidogenesis in mouse models but also for preclinical tests of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AD.
Clinical Results for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder in theTexas Medication Algorithm Project (2004)

The ALGO intervention package during 1 year was superior to TAU for patients with MDD based on clinician-rated and self-reported symptoms and overall mental functioning.
Performance Improvement of File Operations on OverlayFS for Containers (2018)

Server consolidation with virtualization is a popular method to address the issue of a large amount of power consumption of inter-connected computers in data centers. The more computers are consolidated, the more energy is saved. However, highly consolidating, wherein many servers are consolidated into one physical computer, results in large performance decline. Especially, I/O performance is severely decreased as reported. In this work, we focus on Docker, a popular container-based virtualizing system, and OverlayFS. OverlayFS is widely recognized method for improving I/O performance in Docker. First, we evaluate the performance of file operations on OverlayFS. In particular, we focus on the performance of file writing involving copy_up and show that the performance is severely low. Second, we investigate the performance and behavior the filesystem during copy_up and demonstrate that synchronization is the most important issue. Third, we discuss a method for improving the performance by disabling this synchronization. Fourth, we evaluate the improving method and show that the method can significantly improve the writing performance with copy_up by 680 times at most.
Heterotransplantation of Human Craniopharyngiomas in Athymic “Nude” Mice (1979)

Surgical biopsies from 2 human craniopharyngiomas were transplanted subcutaneously into 6 athymic "nude" mice. Morphologically characteristic craniopharyngiomas grew in 5 of these animals. In 4 animals growth was sufficient to allow transplantation into a second generation of animals. In all, 11 craniopharyngiomas were present at autopsy in the 14 animals into which the tumors had been transplanted. The tumors that grew in the animals had the same adamantinomatous architecture, epithelial nests, and keratinized nodules that were present in the original surgical sample and that are characteristic of human craniopharyngiomas. It may be possible to study growth characteristics and therapeutic sensitivities of human craniopharygniomas growing in "nude" mice.