gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of cyclosporins by Tolypocladium niveum strains (1990)

Nine strains of Tolypocladium niveum (= inflatum) were compared for their production of cyclosporins. Two of the strains, which were originally from the parental NRRL 8044 strain, were among the lower producers, while seventeen Tolypocladium strains belonging to seven other species produced no detectable cyclosporins. Variable cyclosporin production was observed initially. Once extraction and quantitation methods had been established, spore inoculum density and cultural morphology and carbon and nitrogen sources were found to be among the variables affecting cyclosporin production. Cyclosporin A was identified by cochromatography by using high-performance liquid chromatography, and cyclosporins A, B, and C were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy; all three compounds exhibited biological activity. They were routinely produced as a mixture in the ratio 7:1:2 in T. niveum UAMH 2472, which was selected on the basis of single-spore isolate total cyclosporin production and was used for most studies. This strain routinely produced total cyclosporin levels of 150 to 200 mg.liter-1 after 12 days of growth on a 2% sorbose-1% vitamin assay Casamino Acids medium.
The Future for Antidepressants: Treatment of Pain (1987)

Antidepressant drugs have been used successfully in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. Clinical trials have supported the use of these drugs for pain and the depression that often accompanies pain syndromes. Although the exact mechanisms of action have not been clearly elucidated, it has been suggested that these agents have analgesic properties independent of their antidepressant effect on mood and behavior. Pain patients without concomitant depression experienced pain relief with antidepressant therapy; these patients represent the most convincing evidence that antidepressant drugs have a direct analgesic effect. Studies presented in this paper support the clinical efficacy of antidepressant medications in the treatment of patients suffering from headaches (migraine, tension, and mixed types), diabetic neuropathy, arthritis, and facial pain. These data also suggest that antidepressant drugs may be effective in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia, back pain, and pain from mixed etiologies; however, data for these pain syndromes are less clear, and, thus, further testing is required.
Decreased Bax expression by mucosal T cells favours resistance to apoptosis in Crohn's disease (2001)

Regulation of Bcl-2 family protein expression differs between circulating and mucosal T cells, probably underlying diverse survival potentials. In CD LPT, a low Bax expression and a high Bcl-x(L)/Bax ratio favour resistance to apoptosis and may contribute to the chronicity of inflammation.
Using MATHCAD in Teaching Power Engineering (2005)

Students typically use small calculators or personal computer applications such as MATLAB or MATHCAD to perform basic electrical engineering calculations. From the experience of teaching several power engineering courses, the author noted that when using computer software to solve problems, students tend to lose the meaning of the equations, concentrating solely on typing variables and numbers. Some programs are especially inviting for making this error. MATLAB, for instance, does not use any built-in units of measurement, leaving the management of such units to the user. The user's attention shifts from the problem to the units. Although not as powerful and fast as MATLAB, MATHCAD, on the other hand, has a great potential to help students better understand introductory courses. There are two most important features. First, the screen appearance of the equations matches as closely as possible to the traditional form of the equations and helps the students to become familiar with the concepts. Although a bit difficult to type, the equations written in their natural form help avoid errors. A second feature, the use of built-in measurement units, is particularly helpful because the students can concentrate on the meaning of what they learn and know the transformation will be done properly. A technique for representing magnetization curves in MATHCAD (and the corresponding calculations) is also presented. The technique allows for a computer simulation of "graphical calculations" traditionally used in electrical machine design. The class-related experience has shown that even the simple examples presented in This work could prove to be difficult for students, especially when choosing a programming language to help with the calculations.
Clinical evidence supporting the use of an activated clinoptilolite suspension as an agent to increase urinary excretion of toxic heavy metals (2009)

Abstract: Effective treatment of chronic illness resulting from the long-term buildup of heavy metals in the body, such as chelation therapy, presents numerous clinical challenges, including undesirable side effects and unpredictable efficacy. Use of a naturally occurring zeolite, clinoptilolite, to remove these toxic substances may offer an efficacious and safe alternative to the traditional approaches. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of activated clinoptilolite suspended in water (ACS) to remove heavy metals from the body through urinary excretion without the undesirable removal of physiologically important electrolytes. The protocol utilized two treatment groups, each consisting of eleven healthy men aged 36 to 70 years. Volunteers were given a commercially available version of the study substance for seven days (Group 1) and 30 days (Group 2) and urine samples were collected at specified time points in the study. Changes in urinary concentration of the heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and compared to the baseline. Also, serum samples were obtained from five individuals in each group and serum electrolytes were measured prior to and after taking the product. Participants in both groups had increased concentrations of heavy metals in the urine with the peak excretion at around day 4. No clinically significant alterations in serum electrolyte levels were seen at either seven or 30 days on ACS. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the daily use of an activated clinoptilolite suspension represents a potentially safe and effective way to remove toxic heavy metals from the body through increased urinary excretion without removing clinically detrimental amounts of vital electrolytes. Keywords: zeolite, clinoptilolite, heavy metals, toxins, atomic absorption spectroscopy
mRNA Secondary Structures Fold Sequentially But Exchange Rapidly In Vivo (2010)

RNAs adopt defined structures to perform biological activities, and conformational transitions among alternative structures are critical to virtually all RNA-mediated processes ranging from metabolite-activation of bacterial riboswitches to pre-mRNA splicing and viral replication in eukaryotes. Mechanistic analysis of an RNA folding reaction in a biological context is challenging because many steps usually intervene between assembly of a functional RNA structure and execution of a biological function. We developed a system to probe mechanisms of secondary structure folding and exchange directly in vivo using self-cleavage to monitor competition between mutually exclusive structures that promote or inhibit ribozyme assembly. In previous work, upstream structures were more effective than downstream structures in blocking ribozyme assembly during transcription in vitro, consistent with a sequential folding mechanism. However, upstream and downstream structures blocked ribozyme assembly equally well in vivo, suggesting that intracellular folding outcomes reflect thermodynamic equilibration or that annealing of contiguous sequences is favored kinetically. We have extended these studies to learn when, if ever, thermodynamic stability becomes an impediment to rapid equilibration among alternative RNA structures in vivo. We find that a narrow thermodynamic threshold determines whether kinetics or thermodynamics govern RNA folding outcomes in vivo. mRNA secondary structures fold sequentially in vivo, but exchange between adjacent secondary structures is much faster in vivo than it is in vitro. Previous work showed that simple base-paired RNA helices dissociate at similar rates in vivo and in vitro so exchange between adjacent structures must occur through a different mechanism, one that likely involves facilitation of branch migration by proteins associated with nascent transcripts.
An Analysis of Collaborative Visualization Processing of Text Information for Developing e-Learning Contents (2009)

The purpose of this study was to explore procedures and modalities on collaborative visualization processing of text information for developing e-Learning contents. In order to investigate, two research questions were explored: 1) what are procedures on collaborative visualization processing of text information, 2) what kinds of patterns and modalities can be found in each procedure of collaborative visualization of text information. This research method was employed a qualitative research approaches by means of grounded theory. As a result of this research, collaborative visualization processing of text information were emerged six steps: identifying text, analyzing text, exploring visual clues, creating visuals, discussing visuals, elaborating visuals, and creating visuals. Collaborative visualization processing of text information came out the characteristic of systemic and systematic system like spiral sequencing. Also, another result of this study, modalities in collaborative visualization processing of text information was divided two dimensions: individual processing by internal representation, social processing by external representation. This case study suggested that collaborative visualization strategy has full possibility of providing ideal methods for sharing cognitive system or thinking system as using human visual intelligence.
MODIST: transparent model checking of unmodified distributed systems (2009)

MODIST is the first model checker designed for transparently checking unmodified distributed systems running on unmodified operating systems. It achieves this transparency via a novel architecture: a thin interposition layer exposes all actions in a distributed system and a centralized, OS-independent model checking engine explores these actions systematically. We made MODIST practical through three techniques: an execution engine to simulate consistent, deterministic executions and failures; a virtual clock mechanism to avoid false positives and false negatives; and a state exploration framework to incorporate heuristics for efficient error detection.

We implemented MODIST on Windows and applied it to three well-tested distributed systems: Berkeley DB, a widely used open source database; MPS, a deployed Paxos implementation; and PACIFICA, a primary-backup replication protocol implementation. MODIST found 35 bugs in total. Most importantly, it found protocol-level bugs (i.e., flaws in the core distributed protocols) in every system checked: 10 in total, including 2 in Berkeley DB, 2 in MPS, and 6 in PACIFICA.
Fast Sweeping Methods for Eikonal Equations on Triangular Meshes (2007)

The original fast sweeping method, which is an efficient iterative method for stationary Hamilton–Jacobi equations, relies on natural ordering provided by a rectangular mesh. We propose novel ordering strategies so that the fast sweeping method can be extended efficiently and easily to any unstructured mesh. To that end we introduce multiple reference points and order all the nodes according to their $l^p$‐metrics to those reference points. We show that these orderings satisfy the two most important properties underlying the fast sweeping method: (1) these orderings can cover all directions of information propagating efficiently; (2) any characteristic can be decomposed into a finite number of pieces and each piece can be covered by one of the orderings. We prove the convergence of the new algorithm. The computational complexity of the algorithm is nearly optimal in the sense that the total computational cost consists of $O(M)$ flops for iteration steps and $O(M{\rm log}M)$ flops for sorting at the predetermined initialization step which can be efficiently optimized by adopting a linear time sorting method, where M is the total number of mesh points. Extensive numerical examples demonstrate that the new algorithm converges in a finite number of iterations independent of mesh size.
MedSynDiKATe--design considerations for an ontology-based medical text understanding system. (2000)

MedSynDiKATe is a natural language processor for automatically acquiring knowledge from medical finding reports. The content of these documents is transferred to formal representation structures which constitute a corresponding text knowledge base. The general system architecture we present integrates requirements from the analysis of single sentences, as well as those of referentially linked sentences forming cohesive texts. The strong demands MedSynDiKATe poses to the availability of expressive knowledge sources are accounted for by two alternative approaches to (semi)automatic ontology engineering.
Two Jasmonoid Glucosides and a Phenylvaleric Acid Glucoside from<i>Perilla frutescens</i> (1996)

Three new glucosidic constituents (1–3) were isolated from the methanolie extract of Perilla frutescens. Two of these compounds (t and 2) were jasmonoid glucosides and were determined to be 5’-β-D-glueopyranosyloxyjasmonic acid and 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-epi-2-isocucurbic acid, respectively. The other one (3) was a new glucoside of phenylvaleric acid that was elucidated to be 3-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-5-phenylvaleric acid. Its aglycone was also found for the first time in nature.
A detailed comparison of current docking and scoring methods on systems of pharmaceutical relevance (2004)

A thorough evaluation of some of the most advanced docking and scoring methods currently available is described, and guidelines for the choice of an appropriate protocol for docking and virtual screening are defined. The generation of a large and highly curated test set of pharmaceutically relevant protein-ligand complexes with known binding affinities is described, and three highly regarded docking programs (Glide, GOLD, and ICM) are evaluated on the same set with respect to their ability to reproduce crystallographic binding orientations. Glide correctly identified the crystallographic pose within 2.0 A in 61% of the cases, versus 48% for GOLD and 45% for ICM. In general Glide appears to perform most consistently with respect to diversity of binding sites and ligand flexibility, while the performance of ICM and GOLD is more binding site-dependent and it is significantly poorer when binding is predominantly driven by hydrophobic interactions. The results also show that energy minimization and reranking of the top N poses can be an effective means to overcome some of the limitations of a given docking function. The same docking programs are evaluated in conjunction with three different scoring functions for their ability to discriminate actives from inactives in virtual screening. The evaluation, performed on three different systems (HIV-1 protease, IMPDH, and p38 MAP kinase), confirms that the relative performance of different docking and scoring methods is to some extent binding site-dependent. GlideScore appears to be an effective scoring function for database screening, with consistent performance across several types of binding sites, while ChemScore appears to be most useful in sterically demanding sites since it is more forgiving of repulsive interactions. Energy minimization of docked poses can significantly improve the enrichments in systems with sterically demanding binding sites. Overall Glide appears to be a safe general choice for docking, while the choice of the best scoring tool remains to a larger extent system-dependent and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
SUCCESSFUL THERAPY OF NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE BY IMPLANTATION OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE (1987)

In a patient with a lysosomal storage disorder, not involving the CNS, repeated implantations of human amniotic sheets have proved to provide a successful approach to enzyme replacement therapy. Implantation of pure epithelial cells, separated from the other cell types of the amnion, might markedly improve the procedure, avoiding some risks of host-versus-graft rejection.
Secure Workflow Execution in Grid Environments (2009)

This paper presents a complete workflow security system for Grid Environments. It offers a high level of security, including access control for complex workflows, for various types of operations. This novel architecture also performs complex analyses for incompatible roles and policies at the workflow level. It also keeps track of previous actions and computes a security level for each enlisted user. Workflows are received in a slightly modified BPEL format, which ensures a certain degree of compatibility with a normal BPEL engine, but at the same time offers a simple description regarding the security information which must be transmitted. The novel format, derived from BPEL, represents the secure workflow model, a new standard capable of securely describing a workflow. The result of this work is a fast, modifiable and easy to integrate security system.
Engineering applications of acoustics (1989)

Written to be compatible with a companion text, Fundamentals of acoustics (Wiley, 1982), which covers the basics and math concepts. For seniors and first-year graduate students who need a detailed, engineering design guide to acoustics applications written from an applied science and engineering bas
Poem (1972)

that women begin to wear scarves for softness around the face when they are old.
Linear Estimation in an Unknown Quasi-Stationary Environment (1971)

Linear estimation under a minimum mean-square-error criterion in a quasi-stationary environment is considered. A generalized form of the Widrow-Hoff algorithm is employed for the estimation. Performance is measured by the excess error over the minimum meansquare error. A Gaussian assumption is used to determine this performance and determine simple bounds. The transient solution for the algorithm is investigated and a convergence rate determined. These results are used to optimize the algorithm parameters and bound the performance as a function of the environmental rate of change. The Robbins-Monro algorithm for finding the root of a linear regression function suggests the use of fixed step size stochastic approximation algorithms to solve more general quasi-stationary estimation problems.
<b>Induced expression of the new cytokine, activin A, in human monocytes: inhibition by glucocorticoids and retinoic acid</b> (1996)

The capacity of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), glucocorticoids or all-trans-retinoic acid to modulate production of activin A by human monocytes was studied. It was shown that GM-CSF stimulated monocytes to accumulate activin A RNA after as few as 4 hr of incubation, reaching a peak of stimulation at approximately 16 hr of incubation. The activin A transcripts accumulated in the monocytes after stimulation with only 5 U/ml of GM-CSF and reached a maximum plateau level of expression between 25 and 50 U/ml of GM-CSF. Biologically active activin A molecules were detected in the conditioned media by a bioassay, performed both in the absence and presence of a neutralizing antiserum for activin A. Accumulation of bioactive activin A in conditioned medium of monocyte cultures was detected after 24 hr of incubation with GM-CSF and high levels of activin A were maintained for 72 hr. The production of the dimeric beta A beta A in these monocytes was further confirmed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for activin A. In contrast to the stimulatory effect of GM-CSF, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone or all-trans-retinoic acid at 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-5) M inhibited the constitutive expression of activin A and greatly suppressed the GM-CSF-stimulated production. Thus, the expression of activin A is modulated in monocytes by different agents. These observations may imply new roles for activin A at sites of inflammation where monocytes accumulate.
The Role of the Physical and Occupational Therapist in Caring for the Victim of Alzheimer's Disease (1986)

The threats that dementia present to us as caregivers center mainly on the lack of predictability of the client's day-to-day responses and the overwhelming sense of loss of a meaningful life as victims regress before our eyes without any sense of hope for cure. The goals of our care must be focused on maintaining as high a quality of life as possible for as long as possible. Interventions are outlined and suggestions are made to help communicate through catastrophic reactions, depression and confusion. The methods of validation therapy are suggested to be superior to reality therapy in communicating acceptance and support for the demented patient who will never again know reality as we know it.
Effect of cyclosporin A on the induction and activation of B memory cells by thymus‐independent antigens in mice (1983)

The effect of cyclosporin A on the induction and activation of B memory cells by thymus-independent (TI) antigens was investigated. Studies were carried out in C57BL/6 mice, a strain in which TI.1 trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and TI.2 dinitrophenyl-(DNP)-Ficoll antigens can elicit a secondary response. Evidence is presented that cyclosporin A does not adversely affect the primary or secondary response to TNP-LPS. In contrast, this fungal metabolite prevents the triggering of virgin B lymphocytes and TNP-LPS-induced memory cells by DNP-Ficoll. Cyclosporin A does not interfere with the generation of hapten-specific B memory cells by TNP-LPS or DNP-Ficoll. These findings are discussed in terms of B cell lineages leading to antibody-forming cell precursors and memory cells.
The Theory of Economic Change. By B. S. Keirstead. Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada. 1948. Pp. xi, 386. (1950)

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Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of carbohydrate species (1999)

This review article is concerned with the recent developments in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of carbohydrates. The literature shows that CE possesses impressive potential in the analysis of carbohydrates. On the other hand, CEC has just started to show promise in the analysis of carbohydrates. Advances in separation and detection approaches of derivatized and underivatized carbohydrates are discussed based on the available literature. In addition, important applications are illustrated.
Angiogenic biomarkers for prediction of early preeclampsia onset in high-risk women (2013)

Two-stage sampling screening protocol utilizing sFlt1 and sEng is promising for prediction of preeclampsia diagnosed before 34 weeks. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.