gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of drift gas selection in complex sample analyses using a high performance drift tube ion mobility-QTOF mass spectrometer (2015)

A recently developed uniform-field high resolution ion mobility (IM) quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer is used for evaluating the utility of alternate drift gases for complex sample analyses. This study provides collision cross section comparison for 275 total pesticides including structural isomers in nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride drift gases. Furthermore, a set of small molecules and Agilent tune mix compounds were used to study the trends in experimentally derived collision cross section values in argon and the alternate drift gases. Two isomeric trisaccharides, melezitose and raffinose, were used to evaluate the effect of the drift gasses for mobility separation. The hybrid ion mobility Q-TOF mass analyzer used in this study consists of a low pressure uniform field drift tube apparatus coupled to a high resolution Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Conventionally, low pressure ion mobility instruments are operated using helium drift gas to obtain optimal structural information and collision cross-section (CCS) values that compare to theoretical CCS values. The instrument employed in this study uses nitrogen as the standard drift gas but also allows the utility of alternate drift gases for improved structural analysis and selectivity under certain conditions. The use of alternate drift gases with a wide range of polarizabilities allows the evaluation of mobility separation power in terms of induced dipole interactions between the drift gas and the analyte ions.
Identification of an Element Required for Acetylcholine Receptor-inducing Activity (ARIA)-induced Expression of the Acetylcholine Receptor ε Subunit Gene (1997)

Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR)-inducing activity (ARIA) is believed to be the trophic factor utilized by motoneurons to stimulate AChR synthesis in the subsynaptic area. Among the four AChR subunit genes, the epsilon subunit gene is strictly expressed in nuclei localized to the synaptic region of the muscle. To understand mechanisms of the regulation of synapse-specific transcription, we studied the promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the AChR epsilon subunit gene in response to ARIA. Transgenes containing the wild type or mutant 5'-flanking regions upstream of a luciferase gene were transfected in C2C12 muscle cells. The promoter activity of these transgenes was determined by assaying activity of expressed luciferase. Analyzing a combination of 5' deletion and site-directed mutants, we identified a 10-nucleotide element (position -55/-46), which was crucial for ARIA-induced expression from the epsilon subunit promoter. This element was named ARE for ARIA-responsive element. Mutation of ARE greatly diminished ARIA-induced transgene expression and deletion of ARE abolished completely the ARIA response. Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses revealed a DNA binding activity in muscle nuclear extract that interacted with ARE. Such interaction was enhanced by ARIA stimulation of muscle cells and appeared to be dependent on nuclear protein phosphorylation.
WEE1 Kinase As a Target for Cancer Therapy (2015)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.62.2290 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print July 27, 2015 PMID: 26215953 WEE1 Kinase As a Target for Cancer Therapy Sabine MuellerxSabine MuellerSearch for articles by this author , Daphne A. Haas-KoganxDaphne A. Haas-KoganSearch for articles by this author Show More University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.62.2290 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
2-2) Behavioral Teratogenicity of Methamphetamine (1991)

Pregnant Wistar rats were given daily subcutaneous administrations of methamphetamine (MAPT; varying doses ranging from 1.0 to 4.5 mg/kg) from days 7 to 20 of gestation and teratogenic effects have been determined. The teratogenic effects inducible with orally administered caffeine (90 mg/kg/day) for the same durations were used as the positive controls. MAPT doses greater than 2.0 mg/kg have suppressed the rate of maternal weight gain. Some of the offsprings (F1) of the prenatal MAPT treated groups had decreased growth rate and delayed development of physical characters and functional reflexes. The male offsprings of the MAPT treated groups had significant decreases in their spontaneous motor activity but had enhanced conditioned avoidance responses. However, the mating performances of these offsprings were not affected. These results indicated that prenatal exposure of MAPT may induce some behavioral teratogenicity in rats.
Catalytic Reaction Profile for Alcohol Oxidation by Galactose Oxidase (2001)

Galactose oxidase is a remarkable enzyme containing a metalloradical redox cofactor capable of oxidizing a variety of primary alcohols during enzyme turnover. Recent studies using 1-O-methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside have revealed an unusually large kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for oxidation of the alpha-deuterated alcohol (kH/kD = 22), demonstrating that cleavage of the 6,6'-di[2H]hydroxymethylene C-H bond is fully rate-limiting for oxidation of the canonical substrate. This step is believed to involve hydrogen atom transfer to the tyrosyl phenoxyl in a radical redox mechanism for catalysis [Whittaker, M. M., Ballou, D. P., and Whittaker, J. W. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 8426-8436]. In the work presented here, the enzyme's unusually broad substrate specificity has allowed us to extend these investigations to a homologous series of benzyl alcohol derivatives, in which remote (meta or para) substituents are used to systematically perturb the properties of the hydroxyl group undergoing oxidation. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) correlations over the steady state rate data reveal a shift in the character of the transition state for substrate oxidation over this series, reflected in a change in the magnitude of the observed KIE for these reactions. The observed KIE values have been shown to obey a log-linear correlation over the substituent parameter, Hammett sigma. For the relatively difficult to oxidize nitro derivative, the KIE is large (kH/kD = 12.3), implying rate-limiting C-H bond cleavage for the oxidation reaction. This contribution becomes less important for more easily oxidized substrates (e.g., methoxy derivatives) where a much smaller KIE is observed (kH/kD = 3.6). Conversely, the solvent deuterium KIE is vanishingly small for 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, but becomes significant for the 4-methoxy derivative (kH2O/kD2O = 1.2). These experiments have allowed us to develop a reaction profile for substrate oxidation by galactose oxidase, consisting of three components (hydroxylic proton transfer, electron transfer, and hydrogen atom transfer) comprising a single-step proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. Each component exhibits a distinct substituent and isotope sensitivity, allowing them to be identified kinetically. The proton transfer component is unique in being sensitive to the isotopic character of the solvent (H2O or D2O), while hydrogen atom transfer (C-H bond cleavage) is independent of solvent composition but is sensitive to substrate labeling. In contrast, electron transfer processes will in general be less sensitive to isotopic substitution. Our results support a mechanism in which initial proton abstraction from a coordinated substrate activates the alcohol toward inner sphere electron transfer to the Cu(II) metal center in an unfavorable redox equilibrium, forming an alkoxy radical which undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction by the tyrosine-cysteine phenoxyl free radical ligand to form the product aldehyde.
A Dramatic pH Effect Leads to a Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Dramatic pH Effect Leads to a Catalytic Asymmetric EpoxidationZhi-Xian Wang, Yong Tu, Michael Frohn, and Yian ShiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 8, 2328–2329Publication Date (Web):April 18, 1997Publication History Received30 December 1996Published online18 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo962392rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo962392rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1895Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Ethers,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
England (1956)

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Deterrence by Means of Mass Destruction (1974)

“If we recognize that deterrence can fail, and if we admit to ourselves the consequences of such a failure, then we see that greatly reducing the current degree of overkill is both possible and essential.” Dr. York proposes here some specific recommendations on how we might go about reducing the great overkill inherent in the present Soviet and U.S. forces.Herbert York, former director of Defense Research and Engineering of U.S. Department of Defense, former member of the General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and former Science Advisor to Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy, is now professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. This paper was presented to Pacem in Terris III, a colloquium sponsored by the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in October 1973, and is reprinted here in full with the permission of the Center and the author.
Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII (2007)

The crop protection industry has gone through remarkable change over the past ten years. There has been unprecedented merger and acquisition activity, with more than half of the top agricultural chemical companies from the mid-1990's no longer independently active. The company with the highest level of sales growth over the past decade was Nufarm; however, their success was based not on internal discovery of new active ingredients, but through acquisition of companies and products (1). During this same period, however, we also have experienced unprecedented innovation, most notably the introduction of genetically altered crops. As of last year, nearly 240 million acres of genetically modified (GM) crops were planted worldwide, taking a continually increasing market share from the more traditional chemical pesticides (2).
A clock distribution scheme for nonsymmetric VLSI circuits (2003)

The authors propose a clock distribution scheme that minimizes the difference in the length of clock lines, which is the foremost factor responsible for clock skew in a VLSI circuit. The scheme uses the hierarchy created by the clock buffers to parallelize the distribution of the clock signal. At each hierarchical level, an exhaustive search of paths with intelligent pruning is used to determine the optimal layout of clock lines at that level. Unlike other related work in this area, both delay and skew are taken into account in determining the layout.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RF interferometric wearable wrist pulse detection system (2017)

This study presents a novel wrist pulse detection system based on the variation of transmission coefficient ( ) of coupled resonators. Radiated signal from one resonator is modulated by the wrist pulse and transmitted to the other resonator. To improve sensitivity of the system, a radio‐frequency (RF) interferometer concept is employed and its validity is mathematically analysed. Full‐wave electromagnetic simulation is conducted with the wrist phantom model to predict the transmission coefficient between resonators. The peak level of the is around −10 dB and the resonance frequency shifts to higher frequency as the distance between the resonator and wrist increases. A prototype of the system is fabricated and tested to show sensitivity enhancement around the 2.4 GHz industry‐science‐medical (ISM) band. Experimental results reveal that the wrist pulse signal measured by the RF interferometer system is in exact coincidence with the reference finger sensor. Also, the sensitivity is enhanced about 23 dB with the RF interferometer system based on the measurement results.
Das Umwandlungsverhalten von Stählen mit 12 bis 14% Cr (1957)

Zeit‐Temperatur‐Umwandlung‐Schaubilder für isothermische und kontinuierliche Versuchsführung von Stählen mit 0,07 bis 2,07% C und 12 bis 14% Cr für überhöhte und übliche Austenitisierungstemperaturen. Einfluß des Kohlenstoffgehalts und der Austenitisierungstemperatur auf das Umwandlungsverhalten. Metallographische und dilatometrische Untersuchungen über den Ablauf der voreutektoidischen Karbidausscheidung und ihren Einfluß auf Perlit‐, Zwischenstufen‐ und Martensitumwandlung. Änderung der Karbidzusammensetzung bei isothermischer Perlitumwandlung. Nachweis der Zwischenstufenumwandlung.
AI-TEST-a real life expert system for electronic troubleshooting (a description and a case study) (2003)

AI-TEST is an expert system for functional fault detection and isolation in electronic equipment. Its main features include probabilistic diagnostic assessment and effective management of the testing process, including goal-oriented test evaluation and selection. Together with detailed documentation of the unit under test (UUT), AI-TEST essentially provides an intelligent electronic service manual that guides the user through the diagnostic process. Preliminary experience with AI-TEST for troubleshooting a dot-matrix printer is reported. Implementation issues are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human macrophage metalloelastase gene expression in angiogenesis and prognostic significance for gastric carcinoma (2007)

Objective The aim of this study is to clarify the role of HME in tumor angiogenesis, and to investigate the association between HME expression and disease progression and prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma. Methods Patients with primary gastric carcinoma who underwent surgical resection were followed up. HME expression in gastric carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for 65 archival paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. The relationship between HME, VEGF and MVD in gastric carcinoma tissue was analyzed. The prognostic significance of HME expression was assessed with Survival analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results In gastric carcinoma tissues, high-level expression of HME was significantly associated with hypovascular tumors （ P 〈0.01 ）. There is inverse correlation between expression of HME and VEGF （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Multivariate analysis about MVD indicated that HME and VEGF were both independent influence factors （ P 〈0.01 ）, moreover, HME expression may serve as a predictive indicator about MVD of tumor. High-level HME expression rate in the patients who died of cancer recurrence was much lower than the rate in those patients with over 5-years survival after surgery （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Survival analysis showed that high-level expression of HME was significantly correlated with longer survival time （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Multivariate analysis of prognosis indicated that HME expression and VEGF expression were all independent prognostic factors of gastric carcinoma （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion High-level expression of HME was significantly associated with hypovascular tumors and better prognosis. HME gene may serve as an effective indicator to predict MVD and prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Expressions of HME and VEGF were both closely related to tumor angiogenesis and prognosis.

Key words: 
Gastric cancer;  Human macrophage metalloelastase;  Vascular endothelial growth factor;  Prognosis
Bacteriophage Therapy of<i>Salmonella enterica:</i>A Fresh Appraisal of Bacteriophage Therapy (2009)

Phage therapy effectiveness has not yet been properly assessed.
Radical reduction of cyclic xanthates: Formation of alkenes and/or 1,3‐oxathiolanes from 1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thiones (1995)

Abstract AIBN‐initiated radical reactions of 5‐membered cyclic xanthates, 1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thiones, with tributyltin hydride are described. Alkenes are formed at 0.025 M concentration of tributyltin hydride, whereas a higher concentration (0.25 M) gives 1,3‐oxathiolanes. A mixture of alkene and 1,3‐oxathiolane is obtained by use of intermediate concentrations. Reactions of cis‐and trans‐4,5‐dialkyl‐1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thiones with tributyltin hydride afford E‐alkenes stereoselectively. For an application of this alkene formation reaction, geraniol has been converted to linalool silyl ether in good yield.
Role of the Thalamus in the Bilateral Regulation of Dopaminergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Basal Ganglia (1984)

In halothane-anaesthetized cats implanted with several push-pull cannulae the release of dopamine from nerve terminals and dendrites of the two nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways is shown to be asymmetrically or symmetrically regulated bilaterally when dopaminergic or GABAergic drugs are infused into one side of the nigra. Nigrothalamic GABAergic neurons may intervene in the asymmetrical regulation, as sagittal section of the thalamic massa intermedia blocks the contralateral effects induced by dopaminergic drugs. The role of thalamic nuclei in the bilateral regulation of dopamine and GABA release in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra is further demonstrated by studies showing that (1) electrical stimulation of thalamic motor nuclei induces bilateral asymmetrical changes in dopamine release resembling the changes evoked by unilateral sensory stimuli or stimulation of cerebellar nuclei; (2) electrical stimulation of intralaminar or some midline thalamic nuclei leads to bilateral (or contralateral) symmetrical changes in dopamine release, some of these effects being comparable to those induced by unilateral stimulation of the motor cortex; (3) unilateral lesions of motor or intralaminar thalamic nuclei reverse the changes in GABA release in the contralateral caudate nucleus or substantia nigra induced by unilateral infusion of muscimol into the nigra; and (4) unilateral infusion of GABA into thalamic motor nuclei induces bilateral symmetrical regulation of dopamine release in caudate nuclei by means of presynaptic facilitatory influences.
A strictly improved achievable region for multiple descriptions using combinatorial message sharing (2011)

We recently proposed a new coding scheme for the L-channel multiple descriptions (MD) problem for general sources and distortion measures involving `Combinatorial Message Sharing' (CMS) [7] leading to a new achievable rate-distortion region. Our objective in this paper is to establish that this coding scheme strictly subsumes the most popular region for this problem due to Venkataramani, Kramer and Goyal (VKG) [3]. In particular, we show that for a binary symmetric source under Hamming distortion measure, the CMS scheme provides a strictly larger region for all L>; 2. The principle of the CMS coding scheme is to include a common message in every subset of the descriptions, unlike the VKG scheme which sends a single common message in all the descriptions. In essence, we show that allowing for a common codeword in every subset of descriptions provides better freedom in coordinating the messages which can be exploited constructively to achieve points outside the VKG region.
Maximal symbolwise diversity in non-orthogonal space-time block codes (2002)

The general structure of non-orthogonal space-time block codes with arbitrary rate and number of antennas is investigated. Design principles are introduced, which guarantee that the increase in rate does not compromise performance.
Solving molecular structures using NMR and molecular mechanics: An undergraduate research project (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolving molecular structures using NMR and molecular mechanics: An undergraduate research projectErin L. Anderson , Du Li , and Noel L. Owen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 10, 846Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1992Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069p846RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Compressed Sensing for Energy-Efficient Wireless Telemonitoring of Noninvasive Fetal ECG Via Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (2012)

Fetal ECG (FECG) telemonitoring is an important branch in telemedicine. The design of a telemonitoring system via a wireless body area network with low energy consumption for ambulatory use is highly desirable. As an emerging technique, compressed sensing (CS) shows great promise in compressing/reconstructing data with low energy consumption. However, due to some specific characteristics of raw FECG recordings such as nonsparsity and strong noise contamination, current CS algorithms generally fail in this application. This paper proposes to use the block sparse Bayesian learning framework to compress/reconstruct nonsparse raw FECG recordings. Experimental results show that the framework can reconstruct the raw recordings with high quality. Especially, the reconstruction does not destroy the interdependence relation among the multichannel recordings. This ensures that the independent component analysis decomposition of the reconstructed recordings has high fidelity. Furthermore, the framework allows the use of a sparse binary sensing matrix with much fewer nonzero entries to compress recordings. Particularly, each column of the matrix can contain only two nonzero entries. This shows that the framework, compared to other algorithms such as current CS algorithms and wavelet algorithms, can greatly reduce code execution in CPU in the data compression stage.