gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uniform leader election protocols for radio networks (2002)

A radio network is a distributed system with no central arbiter, consisting of n radio transceivers, henceforth referred to as stations. We assume that the stations are identical and cannot be distinguished by serial or manufacturing number. The leader election problem asks to designate one of the stations as leader. In this work, we focus on single-channel, single-hop radio networks. We assume that time is slotted and all transmissions occur at slot boundaries. In each time slot, the stations transmit on the channel with some probability until, eventually, one of the stations is declared leader. A leader election protocol is said to be uniform if, in each time slot, every station transmits with the same probability. In a seminal paper, Willard (1986) presented a uniform leader election protocol for single-channel single-hop radio stations terminating in log log n+o(log log n) expected time slots. It was open for more than 15 years whether Willard's protocol featured the same time performance with "high probability." One of our main contributions is to show that, unfortunately, this is not the case. Specifically, we prove that for every parameter f/spl isin/e/sup O(n)/, in order to ensure termination with probability exceeding 1-1/f, Willard's protocol must take log log n+/spl Omega/(/spl radic/f) time slots. The highlight of this work is a novel uniform leader election protocol that terminates, with probability exceeding 1-1/f, in log log n+o(log log n)+O(log f) time slots. Finally, we provide simulation results that show that our leader election protocol outperforms Willard's protocol in practice.
Single-shot two-dimensional spectroscopy (2006)

A new method of acquiring two-dimensional correlation spectra in a single-shot is presented. As a demonstration of the functionality of this spectrometer, the two-dimensional correlation spectrum of atomic rubidium is measured.
High reflectivity of silver extended down to 200 nm (2001)

Silver has the highest reflectance of all of the metals, but it tarnishes in the presence of sulfides, chlorides, and oxides in the atmosphere. Also, the silver reflectance is very low at wavelengths below 400 nm making aluminum more desirable mirror coating for the UV region. We have found a way to prevent silver tarnishing by sandwiching the silver layer between two thin layers of NiCrNx, and to extend the metal’s high reflectance down to 200 nm by depositing the (thin) Ag layer on top of Al. Thus, the uv is transmitted through the thin Ag layer below 400 nm wavelength, and is reflected from the Al layer underneath. This UV-shifted durable coating1 provides a valuable alternative to the aluminum coating for telescope mirror coatings where collection efficiency is an important consideration.
Real-time Functional Analysis of Inertial Microfluidic Devices via Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2016)

We report the application of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology that enables real-time functional analysis of sorting microparticles and cells in an inertial microfluidic device. We demonstrated high-speed, high-resolution acquisition of cross-sectional images at a frame rate of 350 Hz, with a lateral resolution of 3 μm and an axial resolution of 1 μm within the microfluidic channel filled with water. We analyzed the temporal sequence of cross-sectional SD-OCT images to determine the position and diameter of microspheres in a spiral microfluidic channel under various flow rates. We used microspheres with known diameters to validate the sub-micrometer precision of the particle size analysis based on a scattering model of spherical microparticles. An additional investigation of sorting live HT-29 cells in the spiral microfluidic channel indicated that the distribution of cells within in the microchannel has a close correspondence with the cells' size distribution. The label-free real-time imaging and analysis of microscale particles in flow offers robustness for practical applications with live cells and allows us to better understand the mechanisms of particle separations in microfluidic sorting systems.
Predictions of RNA secondary structure by combining homologous sequence information (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Synthesis and circular dichroism characterization of <scp>L</scp>‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid cyclic peptides (1978)

Abstract Several cyclic hemopeptides containing L ‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylix acid (Aze)—an imino acid homologous with proline but containing one less methylene group in its cyclic side chain—have been prepared. The peptides reported include (Aze) 2 , cyclo(Aze) 3 , and cyclo(Aze) 6 . The synthesis and spectral characterization of these cyclic peptides are described, and the results discussed in terms of the rigidity and steric constraints attributable to Aze‐containing peptides. CD spectra of these materials in several solvents are reported and compared with those of proline analogs; the similarity between the CD spectra of cyclo(Aze) 3 and cyclo (Pro) 3, is noted.
PM brushless drives with low-cost and low-resolution position sensors (2004)

PM brushless AC (BLAC) motor drive usually requires a high-resolution sensor, e.g. encoder, for rotor position detection. However, the encoder encounters problems such as high cost, low reliability, complicated installation and limited operation speed. To eliminate the encoder, a position estimation method using one or three low-cost and low-resolution Hall sensors is proposed for BLAC drive. A BLDC drive with a single Hall sensor is also presented. Both are experimentally investigated, with some particular problems being highlighted and solved.
Cardiac output using the saline-dilution impedance technique (1989)

The author discusses the basis for the indicator-dilution method and illustrates the use of saline to measure cardiac output accurately, along with the technique of electrical calibration of the dilution curve. He considers various indicators, showing why saline is the best for cardiac output measurements. He shows how to calibrate electrically the saline-dilution curve, and he describes two types of electrodes used to measure the curve. He cites the results of some verification studies, concluding that the advent of a catheter-tip, terapolar electrode array placed in the pulmonary artery and injection of the saline indicator into the right atrium using the same catheter, along with the electrical calibration technique, makes the saline-indicator method a serious contender for clinical use because of its high accuracy and low cost.
A new Raman microsampling technique (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new Raman microsampling techniqueGlen Franklin. Bailey, Saima. Kint, and James R. SchererCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 8, 1040–1044Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60252a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60252a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Active Visitor: Augmenting Libraries into Social Spaces (2018)

Apart from their definitive role in the preservation of the treasures of human thought, libraries offer scientific, educative and entertainment services to their visitors. With the competition rising every day from various different sources, traditional or not, like the Internet, libraries should elevate their services in order to retain their position in an everyday changing world. Our contribution to the field of digital systems for libraries is Active Visitor, a system that offers both AR and social services to the visitors of a library. The system was designed taking into account the user requirements of library personnel and visitors. Active Visitor aims at the engagement of a library visitor through advanced AR services that permit book annotation through a mobile app and the sharing of such information at broader communities through specific social services. The system implementation is based on current AR technologies in order to offer services to library visitors through their smartphones. However, it can support modern wearable technologies like AR glasses which is the next step to the human computer interaction technologies. In order to stress the strength of the proposed system towards users' satisfaction a quantitative and qualitative evaluation methodology is performed. Evaluation results suggest that the proposed system is an efficient attempt towards a system that transforms libraries into active digital social environments, while it offers a new avenue for additional revenue for libraries.
A true logarithmic analog-to-digital pipeline converter with 1.5 bit/stage and digital correction (2002)

High-resolution pipeline analog-to-digital converters usually employ digital correction techniques to relax the requirements of the flash comparators, thus improving the performance of the converter. This paper exploits the same used common digital techniques to the class of non-linear ADCs, and in the special case of a true logarithmic pipeline converter. While the logarithmic operation is achieved by replacing the linear operations of subtraction and multiplication by simple scaling operations, the use of digital error correction allows to achieve high resolution and high dynamic range. An example is given to illustrate the proposed technique.
Preparation and Characterization of Li[sub 1.05][Ni[sub 0.35]Co[sub 025]Mn[sub 0.4]]O[sub 2] as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Cells (2006)

A lithium insertion material was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The structural and electrochemical properties of the sample were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and the galvanostatic charge-discharge method. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns shows this compound as having the structure (; , and 14.279(3) Å in hexagonal setting). has a discharge capacity of in the voltage range 2.8-4.5 V vs , a stable capacity on cycling, and good rate capability in the current range 0.1-4.0 C. When the voltage range is increased to 2.8-4.8 V, it yields a capacity of , but exhibits a significant loss of capacity during cycling. The results indicate that this novel cathode material should be useful for lithium-ion cells because it has a lower cost than -containing cells, and high performance.
KCCA for different level precision in content-based image retrieval (2003)

Water management plays a major role in any city, but applying alternative strategies might be more or less feasible depending on the urban form and water demand. This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of implementing rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in American and European cities. To do so, two neighborhoods with a water-stressed Mediterranean climate were selected in contrasting cities, i.e., Calafell (Catalonia, Spain) and Ukiah (California, US). Calafell is a high-density, tourist city, whereas Ukiah is a typical sprawled area. We studied the life cycle impacts of RWH in urban contexts by using runoff modeling before (i.e. business as usual) and after the implementation of this system. In general, cisterns were able to supply >75% of the rainwater demand for laundry and toilet flushing. The exception were multi-story buildings with roofs smaller than 200m<sup>2</sup>, where the catchment area was insufficient to meet demand. The implementation of RWH was environmentally beneficial with respect to the business-as-usual scenario, especially because of reduced runoff treatment needs. Along with soil features, roof area and water demand were major parameters that affected this reduction. RWH systems are more attractive in Calafell, which had 60% lower impacts than in Ukiah. Therefore, high-density areas can potentially benefit more from RWH than sprawled cities.
Release of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans from proteoglycans in Chinese hamster ovary cells does not require proteolysis of the core protein. (1993)

The initial steps in the catabolism of cell-associated heparan sulfate proteolgycans in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are similar to what has been observed in other cells, cell surface proteoglycans are internalized and the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are released from core proteins and cleaved to small chains by intracellular heparanases. The mechanism of the release and cleavage reactions is unclear, since only intact proteoglycans and small, cleaved heparan sulfate chains are observed in pulse-chase experiments; however, it is thought that release of the glycosaminoglycans from core proteins precedes heparanas cleavage (Yanagishita, M., and Hascall, V. C. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9451-9454). The relationship between these two steps were examined with the proteoglycan synthesis mutant pgsE-606 (Bame, K. J., and Esko, J. D. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8059-8065), since the undersulfated heparan sulfate synthesized by the mutant is a poor substrate for heparanases. In addition to intact proteoglycans and small cleaved chains, a large glycosaminoglycan intermediate is present in pgsE-606 cells, suggesting that heparan sulfate is released from proteoglycans as large chains which are subsequently cleaved by heparanases. The catabolic intermediate in the mutant has been acted upon by heparanases, since it is smaller than the size of the heparan sulfate chains found on proteoglycans, raising the possibility that the glycosaminoglycans are first released from proteoglycans by an endoglycosidic cleavage of the chain before proteolysis of the core protein. To examine whether proteolysis of the core protein is required for endoglycosidic cleavage of the chain, heparan sulfate proteoglycans immobilized to Sepharose were incubated with CHO cell extracts in the presence of protease inhibitors. Heparan sulfate chains are released from the proteoglycans by heparanases in the cell extract, indicating that release of the glycosaminoglycans from core proteins is not a prerequisite for endoglycosidic cleavage of the chain. In addition, these studies indicate that there is a heparanase activity in CHO cells which can recognize and cleave sequences in the undersulfated heparan sulfate, but is unable to completely cleave the mutant glycosaminoglycan, suggesting that there may be multiple heparanase activities responsible for degrading the heparan sulfate chains.
Universal Distributed Estimation Over Multiple Access Channels With Constant Modulus Signaling (2010)

A distributed estimation scheme where the sensors transmit with constant modulus signals over a multiple access channel is considered. The proposed estimator is shown to be strongly consistent for any sensing noise distribution in the i.i.d. case both for a per-sensor power constraint, and a total power constraint. When the distributions of the sensing noise are not identical, a bound on their variances is shown to establish strong consistency. The estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal with a variance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AsV</i> ) that depends on the characteristic function of the sensing noise. Optimization of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AsV</i> is considered with respect to a transmission phase parameter for a variety of noise distributions exhibiting differing levels of impulsive behavior. The robustness of the estimator in the sense of degrading gracefully when the sensing noise deviates from the Gaussian distribution to impulsive sensing noise distributions such as those with positive excess kurtosis, or those that do not have finite moments is shown. The proposed estimator is favorably compared with the amplify and forward scheme under an impulsive noise scenario. The effect of fading and phase error at the sensors are shown to not affect the consistency of the estimator, but to degrade the asymptotic variance by terms that depend on the fading and phase error distributions. Simulations corroborate our analytical results.
Pupillometry in clinical psychophysiological diagnostics: methodology and proposals for application in psychiatry. (1992)

The change in pupillary reactions may be considered as an important parameter of the autonomic nervous system. By means of pupillometry, it became possible to measure both objectively and economically these reactions. The method of microprocessor-assisted "static" and light evoked "dynamic" pupillometry is demonstrated. A high reliability for the static variable of pupillometry was also evaluated. Variables measured during "static and dynamic" pupillometry were factor-analyzed. Four factors (static, dynamic, stimulus specific and restitution dependent) were obtained regardless of whether investigations were carried out in normals or in psychiatric patients. Examples of utilization of pupillometry in psychopharmacology and mental disorders are also described in this essay.
Mechanism of heptanol-induced uncoupling of cardiac gap junctions: a perforated patch-clamp study (1992)

The influence of heptanol on gap junctional and non-junctional membrane currents was studied in cultured neonatal rat heart cells using both the whole cell and perforated patch voltage-clamp method. With both methods, exposure to heptanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in the junctional current (dissociation constant = 0.54 and 1.20 mM for whole cell and perforated patch experiments, respectively). Heptanol-induced uncoupling was reversible. In the same concentration range, heptanol reduced all nonjunctional membrane ionic currents examined. This suggests that heptanol does not act specifically on gap junction channels but rather on the structure of the lipid membrane. This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that in monolayer cultures of neonatal rat heart cells fluorescence steady-state anisotropy decreased proportional with increasing the heptanol concentration in the bath. Single-channel conductances (gamma j) were identical with both recording methods (21 and 40-45 pS); heptanol did not alter gamma j. Under conditions of reduced junctional coupling induced by heptanol, junctional conductance (gj) displayed voltage sensitivity at values of gj at which no voltage sensitivity could be observed under control conditions. These results suggest that heptanol-dependent uncoupling was caused by a decrease in open probability of the gap junction channels.
INFORMATIVE RESOURCES IN SYSTEM OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF POINT-OF-SALE ENTERPRISES AND THEIR INTEGRATION TO THE WORLD MARKET (2010)

How a single cell gives rise to progeny with differing fates remains poorly understood. We examined cells lacking methyl CpG binding domain protein-2 (MBD2), a molecule that has been proposed to link DNA methylation to silent chromatin. Helper T cells from Mbd2(-/-) mice exhibit disordered differentiation. IL-4, the signature of a restricted set of progeny, is expressed ectopically in Mbd2(-/-) parent and daughter cells. Loss of MBD2-mediated silencing renders the normally essential activator, Gata-3, dispensable for IL-4 induction. Gata-3 and MBD2 act in competition, wherein each factor independently, and quantitatively, regulates the binary choice of whether heritable IL-4 expression is established. Gata-3 functions, in part, to displace MBD2 from methylated DNA. These results suggest that activating and silencing signals integrate to provide spatially and temporally restricted patterns of gene activity.
Chloroplast Biogenesis 34 (1981)

The fluorescence emission and excitation properties of protochlorophyll in etiolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons and primary bean (var. Red Kidney) leaves were characterized at 77 K. Contrary to previous studies, it appears that the short-wavelength protochlorophyll emission band consists of four fluorescent components, instead of only one nonphototransformable protochlorophyll. It was demonstrated that etiolated cucumber cotyledons synthesize and accumulate nontransformable protochlorophyll (E(440), F(630)) as well as short-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(433), F(633)), (E(444), F(636)), and (E(445), F(640)). Long-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(450), F(657)) is also formed. In this context, E refers to the Soret excitation maxima and F refers to the red emission maxima of the protochlorophylls.IN ETIOLATED BEAN LEAVES, THE CORRESPONDING SPECIES WERE: nontransformable protochlorophyll (E(440), F(630)), short-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophylls (E(441), F(633)), (E(442), F(636)), and (E(443), F(640)), and long-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(447), F(657)).
The Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Route to Fused Bi- and Tricyclic β-Lactams<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1996)

Staüdinger cycloaddition of activated acid chlorides to 1,3-ketoaldimines, prepared in quantitative yields from 1,3-ketoaldehydes and amino esters, gave in excellent yields cis-2-azetidinones, 6-8, having the adequate functionality to obtain fused bi- and tricyclic beta-lactams. Reaction of compounds 6 with LHMDS at low temperature gave a single diastereomer of fused bicyclic compounds with a carbapenam or carbacefam skeleton. Treatment of diastereomeric cis-2-azetidinones, 7/8, in analogous conditions resulted either in the exclusive cyclization of one of the two diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.m] (n = 5, 6; m = 5, 6) compounds, or in the cyclization of both diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.7] (n = 5, 6) 2-azetidinones. In all cases the cyclization step was totally stereoselective. Alternatively, trans-carbapenams and one example of a tricyclic system having a trans-2-azetidinone ring have been obtained by using longer reaction times and higher temperatures. Epimerization at C3 of the 2-azetidinone nucleus occurs in these reaction conditions to obtain a single diastereomer of the final products. This approach to fused policyclic 2-azetidinones is one of the scarce syntheses of this kind of compound making use of the aldol condensation.
Detection of D,L-Amphetamine, D,L-Methamphetamine, and Illicit Amphetamine Analogs Using Diagnostic Products Corporation's Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Radioimmunoassay* (1990)

Cross-reactivity with Diagnostic Products Corporation (DPC) amphetamine and methamphetamine radioimmunoassay (RIA) reagents was determined for amphetamine, methamphetamine, and a number of amphetamine analogs. Concentrations from 100 to 100,000 ng/mL were assayed. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) showed significant cross-reactivity for the amphetamine and methamphetamine reagents respectively. 4-Hydroxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), and N,N-dimethyl-MDA also showed significant cross-reactivity with the methamphetamine reagents, but less than MDMA. None of the other analogs showed a positive result with the amphetamine or methamphetamine reagents at even the highest concentration, although several did show measurable cross-reactivity. The L isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine showed substantially less cross-reactivity than the D forms to which the respective antibody systems are targeted.