gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Linear Steady-State Treatment of Enzymatic Chains. General Properties, Control and Effector Strength (1974)

A theoretical analysis of linear enzymatic chains is presented. By linear approximation simple analytical solutions can be obtained for the metabolite concentrations and the flux through the chain for steady-state conditions. The equations are greatly simplified if the common kinetic constants are expressed as functions of two parameters, i.e. the thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the “characteristic time”. Three cardinal terms are proposed for the quantitative description of enzyme systems. The first two are the control strength and the control matrix; these indicate the dependence of the flux and the metabolite concentrations, respectively, on the kinetic properties of a given enzyme. The third is the effector strength, which defines the dependence of the velocity of an enzyme on the concentration of an effector; it expresses the importance of an effector. By linear approximation simple analytical expressions were derived for the control strength, the control matrix and the mass-action ratios. The effector strength was calculated for two cases: for a competitive inhibitor and for allosteric effectors according to the Monod (1965) model. The influence of an effector on the concentrations of the metabolites was considered.
The Moral Problem (1994)

1. What is the Moral Problem? 2. The Expressivist Challenge. 3. The Externalist Challenge. 4. The Humean Theory of Motivation. 5. An Anti-Humean Theory of Normative Reasons. 6. How to Solve the Moral Problem.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Effects of Tumor Support or Suppression (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exhibit a marked tropism towards site of tumors. Many studies have reported that tumor progression and metastasis increase by MSCs. In contrast, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress growth of tumors. MSCs contribute to tumor growth promotion by several mechanisms: (1) transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts; (2) suppression of immune response; (3) promotion of angiogenesis; (4) stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); (5) contribution to the tumor microenvironment; (6) inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis; and (7) promotion of tumor metastasis. In contrast to the tumor-promoting properties, MSCs inhibit tumor growth by increasing inflammatory infiltration, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing Wnt signaling and AKT signaling, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which MSC mediates tumor support or suppression and then the possible tumor-specific therapeutic strategies using MSCs as delivery vehicles, based on their homing potential to tumors.
Study of platelet adhesion in patients with uncomplicated hypertension (1996)

These findings provide further evidence that there is a significant, albeit weak, platelet activation in hypertensive patients compared with normal subjects.
Estimation Model for Magnetic Properties of Stamped Electrical Steel Sheet (2011)

Less deterioration in magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets in the process of stamping out iron-core are necessary in order to maintain its performance. First, the influence of plastic strain and stress on magnetic properties was studied by test pieces, in which plastic strain was added uniformly and residual stress was not induced. Because the influence of plastic strain was expressed by equivalent plastic strain, at each equivalent plastic strain state the influence of load stress was investigated. Secondly, elastic limit was determined about 60% of macroscopic yield point (MYP), and it was found to agree with stress limit inducing irreversible deterioration in magnetic properties. Therefore simulation models, where beyond elastic limit plastic deformation begins and magnetic properties are deteriorated steeply, are proposed. Besides considered points in the deformation analysis are strain-rate sensitivity of flow stress, anisotropy under deformation, and influence of stress triaxiality on fracture. Finally, proposed models have been shown to be valid, because magnetic properties of 5mm width rectangular sheets stamped out from non-oriented electrical steel sheet (35A250 JIS grade) can be estimated with good accuracy. It is concluded that the elastic limit must be taken into account in both stamping process simulation and magnetic field calculation.
Ambipolar charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (2006)

A model describing charge transport in disordered ambipolar organic field-effect transistors is presented. The basis of this model is the variable-range hopping in an exponential density of states developed for disordered unipolar organic transistors. We show that the model can be used to calculate all regimes in unipolar as well as ambipolar organic transistors, by applying it to experimental data obtained from ambipolar organic transistors based on a narrow-gap organic molecule. The threshold voltage was determined independently from metal insulator semiconductor diode measurements. An excellent agreement between theory and experiment is observed over a wide range of biasing regimes and temperatures.
A MONITOR FOR LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVITY IN LIQUID STREAMS (1956)

A continual monitor for low-activity water streams is described.The monitor automatically collects constant-volume samples of the water, evaporates the samples to dryness, and presents the residues to two scintillation counters.It can reliably detect, within ten minutes, an alpha activity of 5.2 x 10-11 curie/ml, a beta activity of 7.3 x 10-9 curie/ml, and/or a gamma activity of 3.3 x 10-9 curie/mI.
Influence of P-glycoprotein inhibition on the distribution of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline over the blood-brain barrier (2004)

The distribution of the antidepressant drug nortriptyline (NT) and its main metabolite E-10-hydroxy-nortriptyline (E-10-OH-NT) across the blood-brain barrier was considered in relation to inhibition of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Rats received NT in doses of 25 mg/kg orally, 10 mg/kg i.p. or 25 mg/kg i.p. Half the rats were treated with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) (200 mg/kg) 2 h prior to NT administration, and the other half served as a control group. NT and the metabolite were extracted from brain and serum by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed by HPLC with UV-detection. The brain to serum ratio of NT was increased in the CsA treated groups (22.3-26.8) compared with the control groups (16.5-22.7), the difference being statistically significant in two of the three experiments (p<0.05). Increased brain-serum ratios were also found for E-10-OH-NT, but the differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that inhibition of P-gp by CsA increases the accumulation of NT in the brain. Administration of the antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), which is a P-gp substrate, instead of CsA did not exert any measurable influence on the blood-brain ratio of NT concentrations. In conclusion, the results show that drug-drug interaction at P-gp may influence the intracerebral NT concentration, but apparently, a major inhibition of P-gp is necessary to attain a measurable effect.
Efficient ticket routing by resolution sequence mining (2008)

IT problem management calls for quick identification of resolvers to reported problems. The efficiency of this process highly depends on ticket routing---transferring problem ticket among various expert groups in search of the right resolver to the ticket. To achieve efficient ticket routing, wise decision needs to be made at each step of ticket transfer to determine which expert group is likely to be, or to lead to the resolver.
Sweet Peptides and Proteins (1991)

Preliminary results of a two-pronged approach to the delineation of the mode of sweetener-receptor binding are reported. First, the results of an extensive program based on N- and C-terminal extension of potently sweet dipeptides are described. It can be concluded that the receptor has a small space that can accomodate an additional small D-amino acid residue at the site facing the N-terminus of sweet aspartyl dipeptides. It can also be concluded that there probably exists a spatial barrier at the site facing the C-terminal part of the sweet peptides. Second, the primary structure of the sweet protein monellin was unambiguously determined by a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and comparative tryptic digest mapping of synthetic and natural products. It is proposed that knowledge of monellin structure will allow design of novel peptide sweeteners and will aid in determining the mode of sweetener-receptor binding.
Synergistic Effect of Neutral Protease and Clostripain on Rat Pancreatic Islet Isolation (2015)

Clostripain had a strong synergistic effect with ChNP, but not with TL. Therefore, ChNP and CP, in combination with collagenase derived from the same bacteria, may effectively increase the isolation efficiency without affecting the quality of islets.
Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Bacillithiol: A Unique Low‐Molecular‐Weight Thiol amongst Low G + C Gram‐Positive Bacteria (2011)

The full monty: The recently discovered thiol cofactor bacillithiol (BSH), its biosynthetic precursors, and its symmetrical disulfide are prepared in two ways. The fosfomycin resistance protein (FosB) is shown to be a BSH-utilizing enzyme. It displays bacillithiol-S-transferase activity with a strong preference for BSH over L-cysteine as its thiol substrate. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Antibacterial Action of a Condensed Tannin Extracted from Astringent Persimmon as a Component of Food Addictive Pancil PS-M on Oral Polymicrobial Biofilms (2016)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against polymicrobial (PM) biofilms of a condensed tannin extracted from astringent persimmon (PS-M), which is contained in refreshing beverages commercially available in Japan. Salivary PM biofilms were formed anaerobically on glass coverslips for 24 and 72 h and were treated for 5 min with sterilized deionized water (DW), 0.05 and 0.2 wt% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and 0.5-4.0 wt% PS-M solution. The colony forming units (CFU/mL) were determined and morphological changes of the biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CFUs were lower in all PS-M and CHX groups compared to the DW group. PS-M exerted a dose-dependent effect. PS-M (1.53 × 10(7)) at a dose of 4.0 wt% had the same effect as 0.2 wt% CHX (2.03 × 10(7)), regardless of the culture period. SEM revealed the biofilm structures were considerably destroyed in the 4.0 wt% PS-M and 0.2 wt% CHX. These findings indicate that the antibacterial effects of PS-M, a naturally derived substance, are comparable to those of CHX. PS-M may keep the oral cavity clean and prevent dental caries and periodontal disease related to dental plaque, as well as systemic disease such as aspiration pneumonitis.
Absorptive Hydrogen Scavenging for Enhanced Aromatics Yield During Non‐oxidative Methane Dehydroaromatization on Mo/H‐ZSM‐5 Catalysts (2018)

Addition of Zr metal particles to MoC<sub>x</sub> /ZSM-5 in interpellet mixtures (2:1 weight ratio) resulted in maximum single-pass methane conversion of 27 % for dehydroaromatization at 973 K (in significant excess of the equilibrium prescribed circa 10 % conversion at these conditions) and a concurrent 1.4-5.6-fold increase in aromatic product yields due to circumvention of thermodynamic equilibrium limitations by absorptive H<sub>2</sub> removal by Zr while retaining cumulative aromatic product selectivity. The absorptive function of the polyfunctional catalyst formulation can be regenerated by thermal treatment in He flow at 973 K, yielding above-equilibrium methane conversion in successive regeneration cycles. H<sub>2</sub> uptake experiments demonstrate formation of bulk ZrH<sub>1.75</sub> on hydrogen absorption by Zr at 973 K. Cooperation between absorption and catalytic centers distinct in location and function enables circumvention of persistent thermodynamic challenges in non-oxidative methane dehydrogenation.
Simulation Environment for Machine Vision Based Aerial Refueling for UAVs (2009)

The design of a simulation environment is described for a machine vision (MV)-based approach for the problem of aerial refueling (AR) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using the USAF refueling method. MV-based algorithms are implemented within the proposed scheme to detect the relative position and orientation between the UAV and the tanker. Within this effort, techniques and algorithms for the visualization the tanker aircraft in a virtual reality (VR) setting, for the acquisition of the tanker image, for the feature extraction (FE) from the acquired image, for the feature matching (FM) of the features, for the tanker-UAV pose estimation (PE) have been developed and extensively tested in closed-loop simulations. Detailed mathematical models of the tanker and UAV dynamics, refueling boom, turbulence, wind gusts, and tanker's wake effects, along with the UAV docking control laws have been implemented within the simulation environment. This paper also presents the results of a study relative to the use of passive markers versus feature extraction for the problem of estimating in real time the UAV-tanker relative position and orientation vectors.
Effects of profile deformations on fiber bandwidth (1979)

Any deviation of the refractive-index profile of an optical fiber from its optimum shape dramatically lowers the fiber bandwidth. In this paper we study the influence on bandwidth of a number of refractive-index deformations commonly encountered in preform manufacture. The deformations include sinusoidal ripples near the fiber axis, a central dip, and a departure from optimum shape near the core-cladding boundary. We also consider a deformation in the shape of a sinusoidal half-period whose length covers one fifth of the core radius. Placing this bulge deformation at five different radial positions between the axis and the core-cladding interface we investigate how the position of an index deformation affects the bandwidth on the assumption that all modes are equally excited. It is demonstrated that the theoretically realizable bandwidth of about 11,000 MHz.km is reduced to several hundred MHz.km for many of these deviations. Comparison is made with an experimentally measured profile.
Copolymerization of ethene and dimethanooctahydronaphthalene with aluminoxane containing catalysts (1992)

Abstract With homogeneous catalysts on the basis of chiral metallocenes and methylaluminoxane it has become possible to polymerize cyclic olefins like cyclobutene, cyclopentene, norbornene, or dimethanonaphthalene (DMON). No ring opening reaction occurs. The crystalline polycycloalkenes show extremely high melting points between 400 and 600°C. Copolymers of DMON with ethene are amorphous. They have molecular weights between 50000 and 150000 and high glass transition points up to 160°C. These copolymers could be used as materials for optical discs and fibers.
Performance of packet reservation MAC protocols for wireless networks (2002)

Wireless packet-switched communications will be one of the important technologies for future mobile data networks. This paper presents performance analysis on wireless MAC protocols in which the transmission of wireless packets is reserved through contention-based access. Compared with other pure contention-based protocols, this type of protocol is suitable for wireless networks with bursty packet arrival, e.g., wireless ATM, or wireless LAN, for the reason that the carrier-sensing function cannot be efficiently implemented and the pure random access mechanism without carrier-sensing produces a very poor performance. The proposed analysis is based on simulation and the result shows that the efficiency of the protocol varies with different network parameters. The result also gives guidelines for optimizing the network performance, e.g., the control of the number of packets reserved in each request, the adjustment of signaling time-slots to the data time-slots ratio, and the adjustment of the threshold for rejecting a packet reservation request.
Coronary Vasoconstriction in Superoxide-Pretreated Rat Heart. Increase by Nitroglycerin and Decrease by NO Synthase Inhibitors. (1995)

Isolated rat hearts were perfused with a O2--generating system consisting of purine plus xanthine oxidase for 15 or 20min. After the O2- pretreatment, washout (performed with normal Krebs solution) produced significant elevation of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). After 20min O2- pretreatment, administration of 4μM nitroglycerin or 1μM sodium nitroprusside, which are nitric oxide (NO) donors, enhanced the elevation of CPP. Conversely, 100μM nitro-L-arginine or 10μM NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, which are NO synthase inhibitors, immediately induced vasorelaxation in O2--pretreated hearts. Thus, it was suggested that NO, a physiological vasodilator, paradoxically augments constriction of the coronary arteries, in O2--pretreated rat heart.
Applications of collision dynamics in quadrupole mass spectrometry (1998)

Some applications of collision dynamics in the field of quadrupole mass spectrometry are presented. Previous data on the collision induced dissociation of ions in triple quadrupole mass spectrometers is reviewed. A new method to calculate the internal energy distribution of activated ions directly from the increase in the cross section for dissociation with center of mass energy is presented. This method, although approximate, demonstrates explicitly the high efficiency of transfer of translational to internal energy of organic ions. It is argued that at eV center of mass energies, collisions between protein ions and neutrals such as Ar are expected to be highly inelastic. The discovery and application of collisional cooling in radio frequency quadrupoles is reviewed. Some previously unpresented data on fragment ion energies in triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry are shown that demonstrate directly the loss of kinetic energy of fragment ions in the cooling process. The development of the energy loss method to measure collision cross sections of protein ions in triple quadrupole instruments is reviewed along with a new discussion of the effects of inelastic collisions in these experiments and related ion mobility experiments.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse (2010)

Abstract This unit details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using intact proteins or peptides from the two major myelin proteins: proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Detailed materials and methods required for the purification of both PLP and MBP are also described. A protocol for isolating CNS‐infiltrating lymphocytes in EAE mice is included. Modifications of the specified protocols may be necessary for efficient induction of active or adoptive EAE in other mouse strains. Curr. Protoc. Immunol . 88:15.1.1‐15.1.20. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A preliminary study on the potential of Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize building-dust microbiomes (2020)

There is a growing awareness of the importance of indoor microbiomes for human health. Given their complexity, these microbiomes can only be adequately surveyed using high throughput sequencing techniques. Oxford Nanopore's MinION is the newest third generation sequencing technology on the market. With its many advantages such as portability, user friendliness, simplicity, speed of sequencing and long read length, the technology is now an actual contender to established sequencing platforms. MinION's main disadvantage is a relatively low read accuracy compared to several other platforms, although this is constantly improving. The present study, which appears to be the first of its kind, provides the results of a preliminary analysis of the microbial communities in indoor environments based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, using both the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinIOn and the Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencers. At the level of family and above, there was no significant difference between the microbial compositions as revealed by the two platforms. However, at the genus, and particularly at the species level, the ONT MinION reported greater taxonomic resolution than Illumina MiSeq.
微孔的形成：微孔的需求狂飙，CO2激光一路领先 (2001)

由于大量小型和复杂的电子用品如手提电话、便携式数字工具和笔记本电脑的应用,PCB工业正在经历高密度互连的需求阶段.这种HDI的大量需求在市场中的直接反应是微孔被广泛地应用于许多多层基板及传统的PCB中.例如1998年应用微孔的板只占整个多层PCB市场的4%,而到2007年,预期这个市场比重将增长到接近30%.(见图1)
Valuation of Corporate Intellectual Property Assets Using Options Pricing Theory and Discounted Cash Flow: A Comparison of Two Popular Methods (2001)

Many have described the use of Options Pricing Theory, notably the Black-Scholes Options pricing formula, to compute values of intellectual property assets 123 . When combined with market data, this methodology is becoming increasingly popular 4567 . A comparison of the results from this method with the results from the more traditional discounted cash flow (DCF) method of computing values of intellectual property assets has not yet been reported. This study compares the results of these two methods by comparing calculated results for identical sample IP assets and varying one input at a time. Under some defined scenarios, the two methods produce very similar results, while under other defined scenarios, the results obtained from the two methods are quite divergent.
The Slice Overlay Assay: A Versatile Tool to Study the Influence of Extracellular Signals on Neuronal Development (2002)

We have developed a technique that allows characterization and identification of extracellular signals that regulate various aspects of neuronal differentiation. In this in vitro assay, dissociated cells isolated from the developing cerebral wall are labeled and cultured over organotypic cortical slices. We have used this slice overlay assay to identify some of the extracellular cues that regulate differentiation and patterning of axons and dendrites in the cerebral cortex. This assay can be easily adapted to identify factors that control other aspects of neuronal development, such as proliferation and survival, and can also be used to evaluate the role of extracellular signals in the development of nonneural tissues.
Issues in the Design of a Toolkit for Supporting Multiple Group Editors (1993)

A great interest has developed in recent years in building tools that allow people to collaborate on work without the need for physical proximity. One such class of tools, group editors, allows collaborators to view and edit a shared document simultaneously from their workstations. Building group editors, however, requires solving non-trivial problems such asproviding adequate response time for edit operations and yet ensuring consistency with concurrent updates, and providing adequate per-user undo facilities. We have implemented a toolkit, called DistEdit, for building new interactive group editors and for converting existing single-user editors into group editors with minimal changes to their code. The toolkit allows di erent users to use their favorite editors (e.g., Xedit, Gnu Emacs) to edit a shared le and observe each others&apos; changes as they occur. The toolkit provides ne-grain concurrency control, fault-tolerance, synchronization of views, and support for per-user undo. We describe the detailed design and implementation of the DistEdit toolkit and report our experiences in converting several editors, including Gnu Emacs and Xedit, to group editors using the toolkit.