gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the LLR criterion based shortening design for LDPC codes (2016)

In shortening based coding design, a certain amount of known information bits (for instance, all 0 bits) will be inserted into each information packet for encoding and be removed before transmission. Since they are known, the decoder can assume a complete codeword in decoding, even those known bits are not delivered at all. Basically, shortening provides a framework to generate a set of more powerful codewords with shorter size and lower rate from one mother LDPC code. In this paper, a novel log-likelihood ratio (LLR) criterion is proposed to identify those shortening information indices for LDPC codes. Firstly, the LLR criterion is introduced to show how to determine the LLR reliability metric for each individual information bit via a simple noise-free decoding step. Then it is proposed to determine the shortened information indices based on the LLR ordering. The relationship between the proposed shortening scheme and the known approaches are highlighted as well. Finally, the irregular QC-LDPC codes in IEEE 802.11ac standard is utilized as an example to verify the proposed LLR criterion based shortening design. And our analysis unveils that the proposed shortening scheme provides an efficient shortening scheme for LDPC codes with lower computational complexity but better reliability performance.
Selective Lower Rim Reactions of 5,17-Upper Rim-Disubstituted Calix[4]arenes<sup>1</sup> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSelective Lower Rim Reactions of 5,17-Upper Rim-Disubstituted Calix[4]arenes1Shiv Kumar Sharma and C. David GutscheView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7, 2564–2568Publication Date (Web):April 5, 1996Publication History Received14 November 1995Published online5 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo952013ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo952013ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Conformation,Ethers,Organic reactions,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
In-Situ Growth of Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application as Novel Solar Cell and Amperometric Glucose Sensor Materials (2007)

Single-crystalline copper sulfide (beta-Cu2S) nanocrystals (NCs) were grown in situ on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by the solvothermal method. The morphology of the Cu2S NCs was varied from spherical particles (av size=4 nm) to triangular plates (av size=12 nm) by increasing the concentration of the precursors. The lattice matching between Cu2S and the MWCNTs would be an important factor in the growth of Cu2S NCs on the MWCNTs. The solar cells and the amperometric glucose sensors fabricated using these Cu2S-MWCNT hybrid nanostructures respond more sensitively than those using the Cu2S NCs (or MWCNTs) alone. The utilization of the active Cu2S NCs through direct binding with the conductive MWCNTs would lead to excellent performance of these nanodevices.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Color Vision and Color Formation in Dragonflies (2017)

Dragonflies are colorful diurnal insects with large compound eyes. Because they visually recognize conspecific and heterospecific individuals, their body color plays essential roles in ecology and reproductive biology. Here I introduce the recent topics of molecular mechanisms underlying color vision and color formation in dragonflies. Complex wing color polymorphism is recognized among the two closely related Japanese Mnais species, presumably due to stepwise character displacement to avoid interspecific mating. We discovered an extraordinary large number of visual opsin genes by RNA sequencing of 12 dragonfly species. Manual correction after de novo assembly was crucial for determining the exact number and sequence of opsin genes. Each opsin gene was differentially expressed between the adult and larva, as well as between dorsal and ventral regions of adult compound eyes, highlighting the behavior, ecology, and adaptation of aquatic larva to terrestrial adult. The repertoire of opsin genes differed among dragonfly species, plausibly involved in the diversity of the habitat and behavior of each species. We also found that sex-specific yellow-red color transition in red dragonflies is regulated by redox changes in ommochrome pigments, which unveils a previously unknown molecular mechanism underlying body color change in animals. Establishment of the methods of gene functional analyses in dragonflies is desired for future studies.
Hafting and Use of Bone and Antler Points from Ksar Akil, Lebanon (1987)

Le site de Ksar Akil (Liban) a livre la plus riche collection de pointes en os et en bois de cervide du Paleolithique superieur du Levant. L'etude presentee ici concerne l'utilisation de ces pointes comme armatures de jet. L'experimentation montre qu'elles pouvaient etre emmanchees selon divers procedes faisant intervenir divers materiaux tels que tendons ou resine. Le bois de cervide amortit mieux les chocs que l'os, il n'est donc pas etonnant qu'il ait ete le plus souvent choisi pour la fabrication des pointes de jet.
Multigene prognostic tests in breast cancer: past, present, future (2015)

There is growing consensus that multigene prognostic tests provide useful complementary information to tumor size and grade in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. The tests primarily rely on quantification of ER and proliferation-related genes and combine these into multivariate prediction models. Since ER-negative cancers tend to have higher proliferation rates, the prognostic value of current multigene tests in these cancers is limited. First-generation prognostic signatures (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, Genomic Grade Index) are substantially more accurate to predict recurrence within the first 5 years than in later years. This has become a limitation with the availability of effective extended adjuvant endocrine therapies. Newer tests (Prosigna, EndoPredict, Breast Cancer Index) appear to possess better prognostic value for late recurrences while also remaining predictive of early relapse. Some clinical prediction problems are more difficult to solve than others: there are no clinically useful prognostic signatures for ER-negative cancers, and drug-specific treatment response predictors also remain elusive. Emerging areas of research involve the development of immune gene signatures that carry modest but significant prognostic value independent of proliferation and ER status and represent candidate predictive markers for immune-targeted therapies. Overall metrics of tumor heterogeneity and genome integrity (for example, homologue recombination deficiency score) are emerging as potential new predictive markers for platinum agents. The recent expansion of high-throughput technology platforms including low-cost sequencing of circulating and tumor-derived DNA and RNA and rapid reliable quantification of microRNA offers new opportunities to build extended prediction models across multiplatform data.
Efficiency optimization of LLC resonant converters operating in wide input- and/or output-voltage range by on-the-fly topology-morphing control (2015)

This paper presents a control method for efficiency improvement of the LLC resonant converter operating with a wide input-voltage and/or output-voltage range by means of topology morphing, i.e., changing of power converter's topology to that which is the most optimal for given input-voltage and/or output-voltage conditions. The proposed on-the-fly topology-morphing control maintains a tight regulation of the output during the topology transitions, i.e., topology transitions are made without inducing noticeable output-voltage transients. The performance of the proposed topology morphing method is verified experimentally on an 800-W LLC dc/dc converter prototype designed for a 100-V to 400-V input-voltage range.
Mercaptoethylation. V. A New Synthesis of Ethylene Monothiolcarbonate (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercaptoethylation. V. A New Synthesis of Ethylene MonothiolcarbonateD. D. REYNOLDS, D. L. FIELDS, and D. L. JOHNSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 5122–5124Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01070a082https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plane wave deghosting of hydrophone and geophone OBC data (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Plane wave deghosting of hydrophone and geophone OBC dataAuthors: Richard BaleRichard BaleSchlumbergerGeco‐Prakla, UKhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820570 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820570FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByWave-equation multiple imaging (WeMi) — Swimming between the flagsThe Leading Edge, Vol. 35, No. 1Up‐down deconvolution and subsurface structure: theory, limitations and examplesYi Wang, Sergio Grion, and Richard Bale21 October 2010Wide-area imaging from OBS multiplesGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 74, No. 6Receiver function decomposition of OBC data: theoryGeophysical Journal International, Vol. 177, No. 3Separation of upgoing and downgoing wavefields using the boundary element method2 July 2002 | Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 136, No. 2 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Richard Bale, (1998), "Plane wave deghosting of hydrophone and geophone OBC data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 730-733. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820570 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biochemical Studies of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination XV. Fatty Acids in Growth, Sporulation, and Germination of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (1969)

The levels of fatty acids and their distribution were determined in cultures of Bacillus megaterium during growth, sporulation, and germination. Branched-chain pentadecanoates (br-C15) were the principal fatty acids of log-phase cells. Synthesis of branched-chain tetradecanoates (br-C14) during sporulation increased the relative proportion of these branched fatty acids in sporulating cells and in mature spores. The log-phase distribution was reestablished during outgrowth of the spore. The ratio of br-C15 to br-C14 could be radically altered by addition of their respective amino acid precursors, isoleucine and valine, without seriously affecting the sporulation process. The fatty acid composition of each of the purified phospholipids from log-phase cells was the same, indicating that each phospholipid receives a portion of the fatty acid pool present in the cell at the time of its synthesis. Similarly, the fatty acids of each of the spore phospholipids resembled those of the spore extract. Phospholipids accounted for two-thirds of the fatty acids of the log-phase but only one-third of those of the spore.
Listen to us before changing services (2013)

The health service is in the midst of unprecedented change as services shift towards the community, hospital departments and beds are closed, and some specialist services are centralised in units serving a larger population.
Pathological implications of cell cycle re-entry in Alzheimer disease (2010)

The complex neurodegeneration underlying Alzheimer disease (AD), although incompletely understood, is characterised by an aberrant re-entry into the cell cycle in neurons. Pathological evidence, in the form of cell cycle markers and regulatory proteins, suggests that cell cycle re-entry is an early event in AD, which precedes the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although the exact mechanisms that induce and mediate these cell cycle events in AD are not clear, significant advances have been made in further understanding the pathological role of cell cycle re-entry in AD. Importantly, recent studies indicate that cell cycle re-entry is not a consequence, but rather a cause, of neurodegeneration, suggesting that targeting of cell cycle re-entry may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, multiple inducers of cell cycle re-entry and their interactions in AD have been proposed. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding the pathological implications of cell cycle re-entry in AD.
Amplification of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in a colonic carcinoma. (1996)

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is the major factor responsible for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. This paraneoplastic syndrome has been described in association with a number of malignancies, but rarely with carcinoma of the colon. Moreover, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie PTHrP overexpression in tumors. Here we report a patient who presented with hypercalcemia 6 months after resection of a neuroendocrine colonic carcinoma (tumor I). At the time of admission, intact PTH was decreased, circulating PTHrP levels were elevated, and there was tumor recurrence (tumor II). Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections from tumor I did not stain for PTHrP, whereas cells from tumor II stained intensely positive. Southern blot analysis and differential PCR of genomic DNAs from tumor specimens and the patient's leukocytes demonstrated amplification of the PTHrP gene in tumor II. Moreover, staining for p53 protein was evident in tumor II, but not in tumor I, consistent with the presence of a mutant form of p53 and associated loss of tumor suppressor function in the recurrent tumor. PTHrP gene amplification was also detected in one of five other tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. These findings suggest that a potential mechanism contributing to PTHrP overexpression in malignancies is gene amplification, which could arise from increased genomic instability associated with the progressive stages of neoplasia.
Identifying Critical Non-Catalytic Residues that Modulate Protein Kinase A Activity (2009)

The suppressor residues provide new insights into kinase regulation, including allosteric effects on catalytic elements and altered protein-protein interactions. The suppressor mutations identified in this study also share overlap with mutations identified from an identical screen in the yeast PKA homolog Tpk2, demonstrating functional conservation for some residues. Some mutations were independently isolated several times at the same sites. These sites are in agreement with sites previously identified from multiple cancer data sets as areas where acquired somatic mutations led to cancer progression and drug resistance. This method provides a valuable tool for identifying residues involved in kinase activity and for studying kinase misregulation in disease states.
Identification of a <i>cis</i> -Acting Replication Element within the Poliovirus Coding Region (2000)

The replication of poliovirus, a positive-stranded RNA virus, requires translation of the infecting genome followed by virus-encoded VPg and 3D polymerase-primed synthesis of a negative-stranded template. RNA sequences involved in the latter process are poorly defined. Since many sequences involved in picornavirus replication form RNA structures, we searched the genome, other than the untranslated regions, for predicted local secondary structural elements and identified a 61-nucleotide (nt) stem-loop in the region encoding the 2C protein. Covariance analysis suggested the structure was well conserved in the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae. Site-directed mutagenesis, disrupting the structure without affecting the 2C product, destroyed genome viability and suggested that the structure was required in the positive sense for function. Recovery of revertant viruses suggested that integrity of the structure was critical for function, and analysis of replication demonstrated that nonviable mutants did not synthesize negative strands. Our conclusion, that this RNA secondary structure constitutes a novel poliovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE), is supported by the demonstration that subgenomic replicons bearing lethal mutations in the native structure can be restored to replication competence by the addition of a second copy of the 61-nt wild-type sequence at another location within the genome. This poliovirus CRE functionally resembles an element identified in rhinovirus type 14 (K. L. McKnight and S. M. Lemon, RNA 4:1569-1584, 1998) and the cardioviruses (P. E. Lobert, N. Escriou, J. Ruelle, and T. Michiels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11560-11565, 1999) but differs in sequence, structure, and location. The functional role and evolutionary significance of CREs in the replication of positive-sense RNA viruses is discussed.
Collagen-Like Glycoprotein BclS Is Involved in the Formation of Filamentous Structures of the Lysinibacillus sphaericus Exosporium (2014)

Lysinibacillus sphaericus produces mosquitocidal binary toxins (Bin toxins) deposited within a balloon-like exosporium during sporulation. Unlike Bacillus cereus group strains, the exosporium of L. sphaericus is usually devoid of the hair-like nap, an external filamentous structure formed by a collagen-like protein, BclA. In this study, a new collagen-like exosporium protein encoded by Bsph_0411 (BclS) from L. sphaericus C3-41 was characterized. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed that deletion of bclS resulted in the loss of the filamentous structures that attach to the exosporium basal layer and spread through the interspace of spores. In vivo visualization of BclS-green fluorescent protein (GFP)/mCherry fusion proteins revealed a dynamic pattern of fluorescence that encased the spore from the mother cell-distal (MCD) pole of the forespore, and the BclS-GFP fusions were found to be located in the interspace of the spore, as confirmed by three-dimensional (3D) superresolution fluorescence microscopy. Further studies demonstrated that the bclS mutant spores were more sensitive to wet-heat treatment and germinated at a lower rate than wild-type spores and that these phenotypes were significantly restored in the bclS-complemented strain. These results suggested novel roles of collagen-like protein in exosporium assembly and spore germination, providing a hint for a further understanding of the genetic basis of the high level of persistence of Bin toxins in nature.
Critical Atrial Site for Ablation of Pacing‐Induced Atrial Fibrillation in the Normal Dog Heart (1997)

These findings suggest that RFA at the mid-atrial septum prevents AF in the normal dog heart. This approach might also be successful in those clinical settings in which the atrial septum plays a critical role in the maintenance of sustained AF.
Physical vapor deposited AlN as scalable and reliable interconnect etch-stop ≤ 10nm node (2016)

Physical vapor deposited (PVD) AlN is introduced as a novel interconnect etch-stop layer. Superior dielectric etch selectivity is demonstrated over conventional silicon-based etch-stops, due to minimized impurity and high film density provided by PVD. This enables reduction of etch stop thickness, resulting in 5% capacitance reduction at 10nm node dimensions. Interface control and film treatments are optimized to improve reliability. PVD AlN is compatible with selective Co capping layer for electro-migration improvements. Control of film doping extends the film beyond 10nm technology node.
Taxane-Based Combinations As Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Early Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (2007)

The addition of a taxane to an anthracycline-based regimen improves the DFS and OS of high-risk EBC patients. The DFS benefit was independent of ER expression, degree of nodal involvement, type of taxane, age/menopausal status of patient, and administration schedule.
A novel aldose/aldehyde reductase protects transgenic plants against lipid peroxidation under chemical and drought stresses (2000)

Rapid accumulation of toxic products from reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with lipids and proteins significantly contributes to the damage of crop plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we have identified a stress-activated alfalfa gene encoding a novel plant NADPH-dependent aldose/aldehyde reductase that also exhibited characteristics of the homologous human enzyme. The recombinant alfalfa enzyme is active on 4-hydroxynon-2-enal, a known cytotoxic lipid peroxide degradation product. Ectopic synthesis of this enzyme in transgenic tobacco plants provided considerable tolerance against oxidative damage caused by paraquat and heavy metal treatment. These transformants could also resist a long period of water deficiency and exhibited improved recovery after rehydration. We found a reduced production of lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes in these transformed plants under different stresses. These studies reveal a new and efficient detoxification pathway in plants.