gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Aspects of High Heat Flux Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer (1995)

This paper deals with potential nonlinear effects in nucleate boiling systems as a result of the behavior of individual nucleation sites on the heater surface. This requires detailed microscopic modeling of the surface. A computational model has been formulated for this purpose. The model addresses the three-dimensional transient conduction heat transfer process within the problem domain comprised of the macrolayer and heater. Hydrodynamic effects are represented through boundary conditions. Individual nucleation sites are activated or deactivated depending on the thermal conditions that prevail at the site. The model has been used to examine the behavior of sites on a realistic heater surface. The results indicate that significant spatial and temporal temperature variations can occur on the surface, and that thermal interactions among sites can result in some sites operating intermittently. Surface-averaged temperatures show nonlinear period-doubling behavior. A chaotic case was found. Qualitative comparisons are made to both local instantaneous temperature measurements and recent experiments that showed chaotic behavior. We believe that such nonlinear behavior is one of the reasons that mechanistic predictive capabilities for the boiling process have remained elusive.
Data center efficiency with higher ambient temperatures and optimized cooling control (2011)

Advances in server technology have resulted in the cost of acquiring server equipment trending down, while economies of scale in data centers have significantly reduced the cost of labor. This leaves the cost of the energy as the next target for optimization. Energy costs are driven by operating the IT equipment, the switchgear that provides uninterrupted power to the equipment, and in cooling the IT equipment. In a typical datacenter, almost 40% of the total power consumption is spent on cooling. In addition, cooling effectiveness is a first order factor in determining the lifespan of the data center. One of the emerging trends in the industry is to move datacenter operations to higher ambient temperatures with some Operators wanting to set supply air temperatures as high as 40°C while improving cooling system efficiency. This study will show that with optimized cooling control one could reduce the total cost of ownership at the datacenter level by optimizing the datacenter cooling budget while ensuring no performance loss at increased ambient temperature conditions. This paper describes a platform-assisted thermal management approach that uses new sensors providing server airflow and server outlet temperature to improve control of the data centers cooling solution. This data is also used as input to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for accurate predictive analysis and optimization of future change scenarios, thus increasing the data center efficiency and reducing power consumption. A key component of the study will be the use of computational fluid dynamics CFD analysis for optimizing the data center cooling system.
DSP-RAM: A logic-enhanced memory architecture for communication signal processing (2003)

In this paper a new parallel computational RAM (C/spl middot/RAM) architecture, called DSP-RAM, is proposed to speed up a class of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms in telecommunications. The proposed architecture integrates memory and single instruction stream, multiple data stream (SIMD) parallel processing into a single chip. Key elements of the architecture were designed to verify their cost in silicon area. A software simulator was written in C++ to evaluate the performance of DSP-RAM implementations of critical components in the ITU G.728 voice coding standard.
Push-to-Peer Video-on-Demand System: Design and Evaluation (2007)

We propose Push-to-Peer, a peer-to-peer system to cooperatively stream video. The main departure from previous work is that content is proactively pushed to peers, and persistently stored before the actual peer-to-peer transfers. The initial content placement increases content availability and improves the use of peer uplink bandwidth. Our specific contributions are: (i) content placement and associated pull policies that allow the optimal use of uplink bandwidth; (ii) performance analysis of such policies in controlled environments such as DSL networks under ISP control; (iii) a distributed load balancing strategy for selection of serving peers.
Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis: Transcriptional and Mutant Analysis Reveals a Role of an Oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenase Gene in the Cell Death Process (2005)

Hydrogen peroxide is a major regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) but little is known about the downstream genes from the H(2)O(2)-signaling network that mediate the cell death. To address this question, a novel system for studying H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana was used. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) reduced the catalase activity and caused endogenous accumulation of hydrogen peroxide that eventually triggered cell death. Microarray analysis with a DNA chip representing 21500 genes and subsequent comparison with other PCD-related expression studies revealed a set of new H(2)O(2)-responsive genes that were highly regulated in a common fashion during different types of PCD. These included an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and various oxidoreductases, the transcription factors Zat11, WRKY75 and NAM, proteasomal components, a heterologous group of genes with diverse functions, and genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Knockout lines of the oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase exhibited significantly reduced death symptoms and chlorophyll loss upon H(2)O(2)-induced cell death, indicating a role for this gene in the cell death network.
Advances in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. (2002)

The diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma are currently based on histopathologic features, site of involvement and stage of disease. Recent advances in techniques for detecting lesions and predicting their progression or recurrence are reviewed here. Adjuncts for detection of lesions and selection of biopsy sites include vital tissue staining (with toluidine blue) and exfoliative cytology. Advances in diagnosis and staging at the molecular level are expected to affect choice of treatment and patient outcomes. Oral health care providers should be aware of these advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.
가황 천연고무의 인장강도에 미치는 온도의 영향 (2001)

This study was related with the effect of elevated temperature on the tensile strength of edge-cut samples. There was a different tensile strength behavior of uncut samples and pre-cut samples under different test temperatures. Tensile strength of uncut sample decreases with increasing test temperature. When pre-cut size(C) is larger than critical cut size(C_(cr)), tensile strength of pre-cut specimen at 80℃ is higher than that of pre-cut specimen at room temperature (RT). Test specimens under 80℃ condition exhibited more secondary cracks at the crack tip region compared to room temperature conditions. However, secondary cracks of pre-cut specimens are not clearly developed at 110℃. Differences in tensile strength induced by different test temperature seem to be responsible for the strain-induced crystallization and micro-cracking patterns.
3D inversion of borehole to surface electromagnetic data in a multiple reservoirs survey (2014)

Summary There is a growing interest in developing innovative geophysical methods for monitoring hydrocarbon reservoirs. One emerging technique is based on using the borehole electric current transmitter and a grid of surface electric field receivers for detailed mapping of the subsurface resistivity of oil- and gas-producing fields. This method is often called Borehole to Surface Electromagnetic (BSEM) surveying. We introduce a rigorous method for 3D inversion of BSEM data based on the integral equation approach and adaptive regularization. We have applied our developed method to 3D inversion of a field BSEM dataset collected in a giant oilfield in Saudi Arabia. It was demonstrated that 3D inversion of the BSEM data can be effectively used for mapping and monitoring fluid distribution inside a reservoirs and imaging the oil-water contact.
Miniature LiTaO<inf>3</inf>X-Cut Strip Resonator (1983)

Abstract : Because of it's excellent Q and electromechanical coupling, Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) is an attractive material for new piezoelectric resonators which can not be realized by Quartz or Ceramics. Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), which is one of the family of LiTaO3, has not as good frequency temperature characteristics as LiTaO3 resonators. The area of industrial application for LiTaO3 is expanding rapidly. Examples of this are voltage controlled oscillators (VCXO) with a broad range of pullability, wide passband filters and SAW filters. Especially, SAW devices for IF filter of the TV set are industrialized widely. Besides the basic research for the study of LiTaO3 resonators were reported. Also, practical application of LiTaO3 for monolithic filter was reported. This paper reports the development of a miniature LiTaO3 X-Cut strip resonator enclosed in cylindrical can, which is presently used for wrist watch crystals.
Dipolar magnets and glasses: Neutron-scattering, dynamical, and calorimetric studies of randomly distributed Ising spins (1990)

We have measured the magnetic correlations, susceptibility, specific heat, and thermal relaxation in the dipolar-coupled Ising system ${\mathrm{LiHo}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$. The material is ferromagnetic for spin concentrations at least as low as x=0.46, with a Curie temperature obeying mean-field scaling relative to that of pure ${\mathrm{LiHoF}}_{4}$. In contrast, an x=0.167 sample behaves as a spin glass above its transition temperature, while an x=0.045 crystal shows very different glassy properties characterized by decreasing barriers to relaxation and nonexponential thermal relaxation as T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0. We find the properties of the x=0.045 system to be consistent with a single low-degeneracy ground state with a large gap for excitations. The x=0.167 sample, however, supports a complex ground state with no appreciable gap, in accordance with prevailing theories of spin glasses. The underlying causes of such disparate behavior are discussed in terms of random clusters as probed by neutron studies of the x=0.167 sample.
Analysis of rare variants in the CFH gene in patients with the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration. (2015)

The present study identified the presence of rare variants in the CFH gene in 16 (8.8%) of 180 patients with the CD subtype of AMD. The carriers of rare CFH variants displayed a significantly earlier age at onset than non-carriers (p=0.016). The rare missense variant p.Arg1210Cys was identified in two CD cases, but was not detected in 813 non-CD type AMD cases or in the 1,175 controls of our Dutch-German cohort. The current study suggests that the p.Arg1210Cys variant may be restricted to a subset of patients with the CD subtype of AMD. Detailed clinical phenotyping, including fluorescein angiography, of patients with AMD carrying the p.Arg1210Cys variant in other cohorts is required to confirm this finding.
A Survey on MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas (2006)

The application of directional antennas in the mobile devices of wireless ad hoc networks has the potential to increase the network connectivity and capacity. However, new solutions for medium access control (MAC) are needed. This pa-per provides a survey and overview of recently proposed MAC protocols for this scenario. We summarize problems specific to this setup and categorize proposed protocols.
Pathology interface for the molecular analysis of tissue by mass spectrometry (2016)

The Pathology Interface for Mass Spectrometry is designed to provide clinical access to IMS technology and deliver enhanced diagnostic value.
Inflammatory Response After Open Heart Surgery (2002)

In this study, we observed an immediate release of HSP70 into the circulation and a modulation of monocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression after CABG. TLR-4 and CD14 appear to be involved in an HSP70-mediated activation of innate immunity.
Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control (1998)

Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control, Second Edition continues to provide a solid foundation in dynamic modeling, analysis, and control of space vehicles featuring detailed sections covering the fundamentals of controlling orbital, attitude, and structural motions of space vehicles. A new Part 5 is a collection of advanced spacecraft control problems and their practical solutions obtained by applying the fundamental principles and techniques emphasized throughout the book.The textbook highlights a range of orbital maneuvering and control problems: orbital transfer, rendezvous, and halo orbit determination and control. Rotational maneuvering and attitude control problems of space vehicles under the influence of reaction jet firings, internal energy dissipation, or momentum transfer via reaction wheels and control moment gyros are treated in detail. It also covers the analysis and design of attitude control systems in the presence of structural flexibility and/or propellant sloshing. New topics include control moment gyros for agile imaging satellites, solar sail dynamics and control, solar sail missions for asteroid deflection, and attitude and orbit control of a large geostationary solar power satellite.This text requires a thorough knowledge of vector and matrix algebra, calculus, ordinary differential equations, engineering mechanics, and linear system dynamics and control. The first two chapters provide a summary of such necessary background material. Since some problems may require the use of software for the analysis, control design, and numerical simulation, readers should have access to computational software (i.e., MATLAB[registered]) on a personal computer. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
Impact of Long-Term Filter Cigarette Usage on Lung and Larynx Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study2 (1979)

A case-control study was conducted among 1.034 white male and female hospital patients with histologically proved lung cancer (Kreyberg type l) or larynx cancer. After adjustment for duration of the smoking habit, inhalation, and butt length, relative risks of developing lung or larynx cancer were consistently lower among long-term smokers of filter cigarettes than among smokers of nonfilter cigarettes, irrespective of quantity smoked. Relative risks in all groups declined with increased years of smoking cessation. The observed risk reduction among current smokers of filter cigarettes was consistent with that expected, considering that these persons had smoked the older high-tar nonfilter cigarettes for a large proportion of their lives.
The Operating Regime of Local Computations in Primary Visual Cortex (2009)

In V1, local circuitry depends on the position in the orientation map: close to pinwheel centers, recurrent inputs show variable orientation preferences; within iso-orientation domains, inputs are relatively uniformly tuned. Physiological properties such as cell's membrane potentials, spike outputs, and temporal characteristics change systematically with map location. We investigate in a firing rate and a Hodgkin-Huxley network model what constraints these tuning characteristics of V1 neurons impose on the cortical operating regime. Systematically varying the strength of both recurrent excitation and inhibition, we test a wide range of model classes and find the likely models to account for the experimental observations. We show that recent intracellular and extracellular recordings from cat V1 provide the strongest evidence for a regime where excitatory and inhibitory recurrent inputs are balanced and dominate the feed-forward input. Our results are robust against changes in model assumptions such as spatial extent and strength of lateral inhibition. Intriguingly, the most likely recurrent regime is in a region of parameter space where small changes have large effects on the network dynamics, and it is close to a regime of "runaway excitation," where the network shows strong self-sustained activity. This could make the cortical response particularly sensitive to modulation.
Zernike-based matrix model of deformable mirrors: optimization of aperture size (1993)

The actuator influence functions of a typical deformable mirror are expanded in a Zernike polynomial decomposition. This expansion is then extended to a matrix formalism that describes the modal operation of the mirror. The size of the aperture over which the Zernikes are defined affects the accuracy of the expansion. The optimum size of this aperture is found by minimizing the variance of the wave-front error.
Natural variability in forests of the Grand Canyon, USA (2002)

Aim Compare contemporary with pre‐fire‐disruption forest structures, assessing the influence of factors that caused ecological change and evaluating remote sites as relatively natural areas. Location Grand Canyon National Park contains the largest never‐harvested and long‐term ungrazed forest ecosystem in Arizona, providing valuable sites for measuring natural variability. However, anthropogenic disruption of natural fire regimes since Euro‐American settlement c. 1880 has led to changes in forest structure. Methods We compared species composition, tree structure, regeneration, and canopy cover on large (135–603 ha) ponderosa pine‐dominated study sites: (1) isolated points on the North Rim where some surface fires continued after 1880, (2) a higher‐elevation North Rim site where fire has been excluded and (3) a South Rim site, also without recent fire, with a paired Kaibab National Forest site. Forest tree structure prior to fire‐regime disruption was reconstructed with dendroecological techniques. Results Before fire exclusion, all sites had relatively low tree density (140–246 trees ha −1 ) dominated by large trees (basal area 9.1–28.5 m 2 ha −1 ), primarily ponderosa pine or pine/Gambel oak on the South Rim. Currently all sites are relatively dense (389–955 trees ha −1 , 14.1–41.3 m 2 ha −1 ) but patterns of species composition and regeneration differed substantially with fire regime and elevation. Regeneration at continued‐fire sites was primarily through sprouting species, Gambel oak and New Mexican locust, forming a shrubby midstorey under a relatively open pine canopy. In contrast, all fire‐excluded sites were dense with seed‐reproducing conifer species. Main conclusions Comparison of change caused by climate fluctuation, tree cutting, fire exclusion, livestock herbivory, and wildlife herbivory, suggests that fire regime alteration appears to have played the greatest role. The remote North Rim sites provide a close analogue to conditions prior to fire regime disruption, a contemporary example of the forest characteristics that might have been extant had recent human‐caused disruption of disturbance regimes and heavy resource extraction not occurred. They merit broader study of natural variability on a range of ecological variables in ponderosa pine ecosystems.
Dual HCl Thin Gate Oxidation Process (1982)

The continued need for reliability and quality is inherent in the building of semiconductor devices. Control and reproducibility of the breakdown strength and threshold voltage of the gate oxide insulator is a basic and necessary condition for achieving these results. Alkali ions have been found to be a major cause of surface potential instabilities, and the removal of these mobile ion species is very important in the building of strong silicon dioxide insulators. in particular has been found to be an effective gettering agent when used in small percentages during a thermally grown oxidation process. Further work has been done on the treatment of oxides with a high temperature anneal step using small percentages of and after an initial oxide has been grown. This leads to the two‐step treatment or dual cycle. Using the dual cycle a 56% increase in electric field breakdown has been achieved over a standard one‐step oxidation cycle in rupturing the thin oxide under a 20,000 square mil capacitor. Decreased defect density seen on large capacitors will result in a significant improvement in VLSI manufacturing.
Trigger-Based Mechanism of the Persistence of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Impact on the Efficacy of Catheter Ablation (2011)

In the PeAF patients with an IRAF, successful elimination of the IRAF triggers, in addition to pulmonary vein isolation, resulted in a successful CA. These results imply that such triggers play a major role in the AF persistence in these PeAF patients.
NEW CONCEPTS IN SPRAYING DISPERSANTS FROM BOATS (1985)

ABSTRACT A new approach to applying chemical dispersants from boats has been developed. The equipment has a greater swath width and, thus, greater coverage rates than existing technology. Coverage rates of 2½ square miles per day per boat are likely and four or more square miles per day is possible. The method utilizes high speed fans which create a focused air stream with maximum velocities of 90 miles per hour. Dispersant is injected into and propelled by the air stream. With the air stream acting as a carrier for the dispersant, the spraying of smaller volumes of concentrate dispersant or dilute dispersant over a wide swath width is made possible. The focused air stream and dispersant impacts the water surface in approximately a straight line. The water surface is gently agitated by the air stream and liquid impact. A dispersant fan sprayer has been built and tested statically on land and demonstrated offshore on a supply vessel while spraying water. Design parameters include fan size, air stream velocity, expected swath width, and concentrate (low volume) versus dilute (large volume) spraying.
Synthesis and properties of the copolymer of acrylamide with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (2003)

Abstract A cross‐linked copolymer of acrylamide (AM) with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) was prepared by solution polymerization. In this reaction, potassium persulfate (PPS) and N,N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) were used as initiator and cross‐linker, respectively. This copolymer, poly(acrylamide‐ co ‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMA), can absorb up to 1749 g/g of dry polymer in distilled water and 87 g/g of dry polymer in 0.9 wt % NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The PAMA also has excellent performance in absorbing pure alcohols. Its absorbencies in methanol and glycol are about 310 g/g and 660 g/g, respectively. The effects of various salt solutions on the swelling properties were studied systematically, and the relationship between the absorbency and the concentrations of the different salt solutions can be expressed as Q = kc n . Experimental results indicate that the absorbencies were stable at different water temperatures. The swelling rates of the copolymer in distilled water and a water/ethanol mixture ( V water : V alcohol = 1:1) were also investigated, and the results showed that PAMA could absorb 992 g of distilled water per gram of dry polymer and 739 g of water/ethanol mixture per gram of dry polymer in five minutes. The PAMA has such good water retention at higher temperatures that the swollen gel can retain 71.6 and 49.5% of the maximum absorbency after being heated for 9 hours at 60 and 80 °C, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3481–3487, 2003