gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Syntheses of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakisaryl- and Tetrakisalkylporphyrins (1996)

Three significant modifications to existing methods for the preparation of the important 5,10,15,20-tetrakisarylporphyrins have improved isolated yields, simplified work-up and made large-scale synthesis feasible.Two teuakisalkylporphyrins were also produced.A two-stage approach using hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid as second stage oxidant gave good yields but for ease of isolation and convenience in worldng on a large scale, the one-pot approach is preferred.No one method appears to be suitable for all such tetrak~arylporphyrins and, for best yields, the method of preparation needs to be chosen carefully.Application of statistical opthisation techniques (factorial two design and simplex operation) led to considerably enhanced yields for the one-pot method.For one of the two-stage modifications, significant amounts of chlorins were observed, sometimes of such magnitude as to make it suitable as a method for their preparation.
Mouseless (2010)

In this short paper we present Mouseless - a novel input device that provides the familiarity of interaction of a physical computer mouse without actually requiring a real hardware mouse. The paper also briefly describes hardware and software implementation of the prototype system and discusses interactions supported.
Large area GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge multijunction solar cells for space applications (2002)

Towards an ultimate objective of lower cost, large area multijunction cells for space applications, we report the demonstration of high efficiency GaInP/sub 2//GaAs solar cells on germanium substrates, and highly uniform cell results from a multiwafer MOVPE reactor. A peak efficiency of 24.2% (AM0, 28/spl deg/C) has been achieved for dual-junctions grown on Ge. Further, the degree of MOVPE layer uniformity required for large area cells has been demonstrated with multiwafer growths on 3 inch diameter GaAs substrates. In addition to this experimental dual-junction result, we present modeling for the next step of this cell technology a triple junction GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge cell.
Change-Point Detection in Time-Series Data by Direct Density-Ratio Estimation (2009)

Change-point detection is the problem of discovering time points at which properties of time-series data change. This covers a broad range of real-world problems and has been actively discussed in the community of statistics and data mining. In this paper, we present a novel non-parametric approach to detecting the change of probability distributions of sequence data. Our key idea is to estimate the ratio of probability densities, not the probability densities themselves. This formulation allows us to avoid non-parametric density estimation, which is known to be a difficult problem. We provide a change-point detection algorithm based on direct density-ratio estimation that can be computed very efficiently in an online manner. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments using artificial and real datasets.
Transplanted Si films on arbitrary substrates using GaN underlayers (2000)

We demonstrate that Si layers overgrown on GaN/sapphire substrate structures can be transferred onto host substrates by using the technique of laser-induced metallization of GaN at the GaN/sapphire interface via the reaction GaN=Ga+1/2N2. This may allow the grafting of films of Si onto substrates such as glass or plastic for microelectronic applications. We examine the debonding mechanism and propose that it occurs due to pressures of the order of a few thousand atmospheres generated with the release of nitrogen from the GaN metallization reaction.
Inhalable Lactose-Based Dry Powder Formulations of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (2009)

In the FTIR scan, all characteristic peaks of lactose and LMWH were observed, suggesting that there was no strong interaction between lactose and LMWH. Although the aerodynamic diameter of the formulation (DPI-2) that was sieved through 170- and 230-mesh screens was similar to that of the formulation (DPI-1) sieved through 120- and 170-mesh screens, the particle sizes of the two formulations were significantly different. Dry powder formulations of LMWH were better absorbed compared to an inhalable solution of LMWH. One of the dry powder formulations (DPI-2) produced an almost 1.5-fold increase in the relative bioavailability (41.6%) compared to the liquid formulation of LMWH (32.5%). Overall, the data presented here suggest that lactose does not adversely affect the physical-chemical characteristics of the drug, and that lactose can be used as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of LMWH.
Remote Healthcare Monitoring System Architecture using Sensor Networks (2008)

Ubiquitous processing is impacting several applications affecting our lives. In this paper we propose a remote health care monitoring system that uses sensor networks to extend the coverage of medical application to underserved area. We delineate the challenges that face researchers in this area. In addition, the paper describes the general architecture and proposes a MAC scheme for healthcare sensor networks (MACH) that adapts channel provisioning based on the information criticality. MACH enables emergency traffic to meet its quality of service (QoS) requirements. Performance evaluation using analytical modeling shows that our proposed MAC give preference to emergency traffic which is crucial for medical applications.
Seeing Double: A Diplopic Aesthetic in Experience and Performance (2013)

This investigation uses an autoethnographic approach to investigate the author's personal, phenomenological experience of diplopia, double vision, in order to apply the lived condition to an aesthetic form in performance. Using Kuppers's notion of a “crip aesthetic,” this piece re-functions a potential aspect of disability, the condition of diplopia, as a way of opening up discourses of multiplicity in art and performance. The author also calls for others to integrate non-normative body states into their art praxis.
Beyond the Reductionist Thinking-Doing (2008)

Drawing upon Castoriadis’ work, modernity is conceived to emerge as a conflict and mutual contamination between the two great projects of the West, the project of freedom, which has been pursued by different social movements as individual and social autonomy, and the project of the unlimited expansion of "rational mastery" over the world, which has been pursued by the institutions of capitalism as a ceaseless economic growth, associated to a ceaseless scientific and technological development. Both these projects have been emerged within a reductionist logic-ontology, which presupposes the determinacy and the identity-unity of being, and which thereby posits an imperative upon the Western thinking-doing: to provide a rational foundation of its projects – of freedom and of "rational mastery". As en epoch, postmodernity is defined by the retreat from the project of autonomy and by the increasing domination and globalization of the project of (pseudo-)rational (pseudo-)mastery. As an intellectual current, it has deconstructed the reductionism of modernity and thereby relativezed its political and socioeconomic projects, falling however into a political embarrassment and into the principle of "anything goes".
Seed Longevity of 41 Weed Species Buried 17 Years in Eastern and Western Nebraska (1996)

Seed of 41 economically important weed species of the Great Plains region of the United States were buried 20 cm deep in soil in eastern and western Nebraska in 1976. The 41 species consisted of 11 annual grass, 14 annual broadleaf, 4 biennial broadleaf, and 12 perennial broadleaf species. Weed seeds were exhumed annually for germination tests the first 9 yr, then after 12 and 17 yr. Germination percentages at the two burial locations averaged over 0, 1 to 4, 5 to 8, and 9 to 17 yr of burial were 57, 28, 9, and 4% for annual grass; 47, 26, 16, and 11 % for annual broadleaf; 52, 49, 44, and 30 % for biennial broadleaf; 36, 18, 13, and 8% for perennial broadleaf; and 47, 26, 16, and 10% for all 41 weed species, respectively. Biennial broadleaf weeds showed the greatest seed germination over years. Annual grass weeds showed less seed germinability over 17 yr of burial than annual broadleaf weeds and perennial broadleaf weed species were intermediate. Weed seed germinability in soil was greater in the reduced rainfall and more moderate soil temperatures of western Nebraska than in the greater rainfall and more fluctuating soil temperatures of eastern Nebraska. The greatest seed survival among the 41 weed species was shown by common mullein, which had 95% germination after 17 yr of burial in western Nebraska. Decay rates of individual weed species in soil will be of most value to weed scientists, agriculturalists, and modelers evaluating past or designing future weed management systems.
Phase migration effects in moving target localization using switched MIMO arrays (2015)

Time division multiplexing in multiple input multiple output (TDM MIMO) antenna configurations can be used to generate large virtual apertures to increase the angular resolution of a stationary radar. However, in case of moving targets the switching delays introduce a significant target range migration from pulse to pulse that will lead to a defocussing of the virtual array. Previous work primarily focused on the geometrical structure of the final array, but effects and severity of degradation are also strongly influenced by the switching order of transmit and receive antennas, altering the temporal order of virtual elements. We present four switching schemes, discuss the differences of their impact on moving target localization and propose a switching technique, supported by real-world measurements, to compensate for motion-induced phase errors.
Trisection wide spectral band fiber dispersion compensation (1992)

A trisection fiber dispersion compensation technique has been demonstrated experimentally by a spliced trisection fiber with a dispersion value of less than 0.02 ps/nm-km over the wavelength band 1520-1560 nm. The technique provides a practical means to produce a transmission fiber with very low dispersion over a prescribed finite wavelength range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-area IR negative luminescent devices (2003)

Negative luminescent (NL) devices, which to an IR observer appear colder than they actually are, have a wide range of possible applications, including for use as IR sources in gas sensing systems and as thermal radiation shields in IR cameras. Additionally these devices can be used as calibration sources for very large IR focal plane arrays and have many potential advantages over conventional calibration sources, including high speed operation and low power consumption. For many of these applications a large area device which displays as large area device which displays as large as possible apparent temperature range is required. However, under reverse bias significant currents are required to reduce the carrier concentrations to the levels needed for maximum dynamic range. We have therefore used a novel micromachining techniqe to fabricate integrated optical concentrators in InSb/InAlSb and HgCdTe NL devices. Smaller area diodes can then be used to achieve the same absorption and the required currents are thus reduced. To fabricate the concentrators, spherical resist masks are first produced by resist reflow. Inductively coupled plasma etchign is then used to alternatley etch the resist mask and the semiconductor, with oxygen and methane/hydrogen respectively, producing concentrators with almost parabolic profiles. Recent results from large area medium wavelength devices with integrated optical concentrators are presented, together with a description of the continuing optimization of the process and progress towards the fabrication of large area long wavelength devices.
A Study on the Folk Costume of the Scandinavia (1998)

Scandinavia consists of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Lapland, all linked by historical and geographical ties. In this respect, the objective of this research was to clarify the folk costume of the Scandinavia. Scandinavia many skilled handicrafts are practised, such as leatherwork, silverwork and embroidery. The most popular colours are yellow, blues, reds, greens and white. For women the costume consist of a blouse with a bodice, skirt and apron, over which is worn a jacket or shawl, accompanied by a headdress. Their accessories may be jewellery, belts, kerchiefs and separate pockets. For the men, the costume is a shirt, trousers or breeches, worn with a waistcoat and jacket, neck scarf, and topped with a hat or cap. And the Lapps, both men and women, wear woollen shirts beneath their blue-skirted tunics, and blue trousers. It is one of the most ancient of the costumes worn in western Europe, due to its total suitability to their way of life.
Ex vivo analysis of HCV-specific CD8+ T cell antiviral efficacy using a novel immunological model (2011)

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play an important role in the outcome (elimination versus persistence) and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Due to the lack of a suitable model, it is currently unclear whether and to what extent HCV-specific CD8+ T cells are able to exert direct antiviral efficacy. To address this important issue we utilized a novel immunological model based on a subgenomic HCV-replicating cell line stably transduced with the HLA-A2 gene (Huh7A2HCV) (Gastroenterology 2009). In this study, we compared the antiviral efficacy of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells to CMV-, EBV- and Flu-specific CD8+ T cells of the same patient. PBMCs from 15 chronically HCV infected patients were analyzed for virus-specific CD8+ T cells by tetramer staining and co-cultured with Huh7A2HCV cells pulsed with the respective peptides at a (E: T) ratio of 2: 1 for 72h. Inhibition of HCV RNA replication was measured by a decrease in luciferase activity.
Free PSA isoforms and intact and cleaved forms of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in serum improve selection of patients for prostate cancer biopsy (2007)

Clinicians currently use simple cut-points, such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >or=4 ng/ml, to decide whether to recommend further work-up for prostate cancer (PCa). As an alternative strategy, we evaluated multivariable models giving probabilities of a PCa diagnosis based on PSA and several circulating novel biomarkers. We measured total PSA, free PSA (fPSA), fPSA subfractions (single-chain fPSA-I and multichain fPSA-N), total human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) and full-length and cleaved forms of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in pretreatment serum from 355 men referred for prostate biopsy. Age and total PSA were combined in a "base" regression model to predict biopsy outcome. We then compared this base model to models supplemented by various combinations of circulating markers, using concordance index (AUC) to measure diagnostic discrimination. PCa prediction was significantly enhanced by models supplemented by measurements of suPAR fragments and fPSA isoforms. Addition of these markers improved bootstrap-corrected AUC from 0.611 for a cut-point and 0.706 for the base model to 0.754 for the full model (p=0.005). This improved diagnostic accuracy was also seen in subanalysis of patients with PSA 2-9.99 ng/ml and normal findings on DRE (0.652 vs. 0.715, p=0.039). In this setting, hK2 did not add diagnostic information. Measurements of individual forms of suPAR and PSA isoforms contributed significantly to discrimination of men with PCa from those with no evidence of malignancy.
A review of engineering workstations: These powerful computers are to the engineer what word processors are to the secretary: No panacea, hut an important aid (1984)

Reviews the current capabilities and range of applications of computer aided engineering (CAE) workstations, particularly for integrated circuit design. The limitations of the current system, particularly the need for more intelligent tools and the weakness of the workstations ability to support testing and debugging are examined.
Maresin 1 biosynthesis during platelet–neutrophil interactions is organ-protective (2014)

Unregulated acute inflammation can lead to collateral tissue injury in vital organs, such as the lung during the acute respiratory distress syndrome. In response to tissue injury, circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates form to augment neutrophil tissue entry. These early cellular events in acute inflammation are pivotal to timely resolution by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a previously undescribed biosynthetic route during human platelet-neutrophil interactions for the proresolving mediator maresin 1 (MaR1; 7R,14S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid). Docosahexaenoic acid was converted by platelet 12-lipoxygenase to 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin, which was further transformed by neutrophils to MaR1. In a murine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, lipid mediator metabololipidomics uncovered MaR1 generation in vivo in a temporally regulated manner. Early MaR1 production was dependent on platelet-neutrophil interactions, and intravascular MaR1 was organ-protective, leading to decreased lung neutrophils, edema, tissue hypoxia, and prophlogistic mediators. Together, these findings identify a transcellular route for intravascular maresin 1 biosynthesis via platelet-neutrophil interactions that regulates the extent of lung inflammation.
STUDIES ON SCRUB TYPHUS (TSUTSUGAMUSHI DISEASE) (1948)

Antigenic differences among strains of R. tsutsugamushi are sufficiently great that vaccines prepared from certain strains fail to induce resistance in mice to infection with other strains. Although the results of cross-vaccination tests indicate varying degrees of relationship between a number of the strains, there is no correlation between source of the rickettsia and antigenic pattern of the agent.
Enzymatic Degradability of Poly(lactide):  Effects of Chain Stereochemistry and Material Crystallinity (1996)

Polylactide (PLA) stereocopolymers with (l) repeat unit contents of 75%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 94%, and 95% were prepared from mixtures of (l)-/(d)-lactide and (l)-/meso-lactide. Compression molding of these products gave amorphous films which, for (l) contents ≥90%, were also annealed above Tg to crystallize. Analyses by differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray scattering gave information on the crystalline order of PLA films. For identical (l) contents, stereocopolymers of (l)-/(d)-lactide had higher crystallinities than those from (l)-/meso-lactide. PLA films were incubated with proteinase K (from Tritirachium album), and the enzyme-catalyzed film weight loss rates were measured. Film crystallinity, chain stereochemical composition, and repeat unit sequence distribution were analyzed as independent variables affecting film enzymatic hydrolysis. Amorphous films from (l)/(d)-lactide copolymerizations with (l) compositions ranging from 80% to 95% exhibited film weight loss rates that were almost identical. Also, amorphous PLA films prepared from (l)-/meso-lactide copolymers for (l) contents of 80−95% showed a similar invariability in weight loss rates. It was concluded that proteinase K has a high degree of tolerance for (d) repeat units. Amorphous PLA films from (l)-lactide/meso-lactide copolymerizations had weight loss rates which were about 43% slower than amorphous PLA films from (l)-/(d)-lactide copolymerizations. These results were analyzed considering differences in chain stereosequence distributions. Proteinase K showed an extraordinarily high sensitivity to film crystalline order. For example, the decrease in the film weight loss rate due to crystalline order for a 95% (l) (l)-/(d)-lactide stereocopolymer was 93%.
Paraquat depresses the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme expressed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture (1991)

The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in cell lysate of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after a 24-hour incubation with 10(-3) and 10(-4)M of paraquat (PQ) was decreased. However, LDH released into the culture medium of HUVEC during the 24-hour incubation with PQ was not increased. Many investigators show that the change in serum ACE activity reflects the impairment of vascular endothelial cells. We showed in this report that ACE was decreased even at an early stage of endothelial injury induced by PQ, when LDH release is not yet increased.
High-Performance VLSI Architecture of Decision Feedback Equalizer for Gigabit Systems (2006)

This brief addresses the design of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for gigabit throughput rate. It is well known that the feedback loop in a DFE limits an upper bound of the achievable speed. For a L-tap feedbackward filter (FBF) and M-pulse amplitude modulation, Parhi (1991) and Kasturia and Winters (1991) reformulated the FBF as a (M) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> -to-1 multiplexer. Due to the reformulation, the overhead of extra adders and extra multiplexers are as large as (M) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> . The required hardware overhead should be more severe when the DFE is implemented in parallel. In this brief, we propose two new approaches to implement the DFE when gigabit throughput rate is desired. The first approach is partial pre-computation scheme, which can trade-off between hardware complexity and computational speed. The second approach is two-stage pre-computation scheme, which can be applied to higher speed applications. In the later case, we can reduce the hardware overhead to about 2(M) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(-L/2)</sup> times of [1], [2], and the iteration bound is (log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> W+2)/(L/2+1)+(log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> M) multiplexer-delays, where W is the wordlength of weight coefficient of a FBF. We demonstrate the proposed architectures by apply it to the 10 Gbase-LX4 optical communication systems
Elements of adaptive wavelet image compression (2002)

The adaptive wavelet image compression (AWIC) algorithm is a fast, simple wavelet-based image compression technique that follows the classical paradigm of image transformation, quantization, and entropy encoding. A key component of AWIC is a technique of channel symbol definition that provides greatly reduced Huffman table encoding costs, allowing optimal Huffman codewords to be generated and used for each level of the wavelet transformed image. Further optimizations for compression performance were achieved through empirical studies.