gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo monitoring of tissue pharmacokinetics of liposome/drug using MRI: Illustration of targeted delivery (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine if MnSO(4)/doxorubicin (DOX) loaded liposomes could be used for in vivo monitoring of liposome concentration distribution and drug release using MRI. In vitro results show that T(1) shortening correlates with MnSO(4) concentration. Using a temperature-sensitive liposome formulation, it was found that MnSO(4) release significantly shortened T(1). This feature, therefore, suggests that content release can also be measured with these MnSO(4)-loaded liposomes. The feasibility of monitoring this drug delivery and release-imaging agent was shown in a murine tumor model. Upon tumor heating, nonthermally sensitive liposomes selectively but heterogeneously accumulated in the tumor region. The thermally sensitive liposomes showed a clear pattern of accumulation at the periphery of the tumor, concordant with the release temperature of this formulation (39-40 degrees C). This liposome contrast agent has potential for use with hyperthermia by providing individualized monitoring of tissue drug concentration distribution during or after treatment. This would allow for: 1) modification of treatment variables to improve the uniformity of drug delivery, and 2) provide a means to select patients most likely to benefit from this liposomal drug treatment. Additionally, the drug-loading method used for this liposome is applicable to a wide range of drugs, thereby broadening its applicability. The method is also applicable to other liposomal formulations with triggered release mechanisms.
Association of IRS-1 with the insulin receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. Formation of binary and ternary signaling complexes in intact cells. (1993)

Insulin stimulates the formation of binary and ternary signaling complexes between the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3'-kinase, IRS-1, and the insulin receptor in vivo. Binary complex formation between IRS-1 and the PtdIns 3'-kinase occurs in intact cells and requires the tyrosyl phosphorylation IRS-1, as mutant insulin receptors which weakly phosphorylate IRS-1 in vivo do not mediate formation of IRS-1/PtdIns 3'-kinase complexes in transfected CHO cells. Association with IRS-1 involves as much as 70% of total cellular PtdIns 3'-kinase activity. Insulin also stimulates the formation of ternary signaling complexes, as both IRS-1 and the PtdIns 3'-kinase are present in anti-insulin receptor immunoprecipitates from insulin-stimulated cells. Overexpression of IRS-1 in CHO cells increases the amount of PtdIns 3'-kinase activity in alpha IR immunoprecipitates, and IRS-1 markedly increases the in vitro binding of p85 alpha and PtdIns 3-kinase activity to anti-receptor immunoprecipitates. The mechanism for this association is unknown, but appears to involve the binding of IRS-1/PtdIns 3'-kinase complexes to the insulin receptor. The formation of binary and ternary complexes between the insulin receptor, IRS-1 and the PtdIns 3'-kinase may play a critical role in transmission of the insulin signal.
Supercritical EthanolA Fascinating Dispersion Medium for Silica Nanoparticles (2007)

For the first time, the dispersion stability of silica nanoparticles has been investigated in high-temperature and high-pressure ethanol by measuring the hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient of the particles by means of dynamic light scattering. The silica nanoparticles remain stable in ethanol within a wide temperature range of 24-304 degrees C at 12.3 MPa, and they start to aggregate at T >or= 305 degrees C. Numerical analysis reveals that the net interparticle repulsive potential barrier decreases dramatically with increasing temperature due to the changes in the properties of the medium. We observed that particles remain highly stable in the nonpolar supercritical ethanol in the temperature regime 241-304 degrees C, where the DLVO potential barrier is only 5-2 k(B)T. The dispersion stability of silica nanoparticles at this low potential barrier in high-temperature and high-pressure ethanol, especially in the supercritical ethanol, is fascinating. The silica-ethanol system might be a unique and special example in the colloidal dispersions. Results suggest that silica nanoparticles may be used as a model colloid to investigate the colloidal transport phenomena in the supercritical ethanol.
Oxidation of zinc sulphide concentrate in a fluidised bed reactor - Part 2: The influence of experimental variables on the kinetics (2005)

The oxidation kinetics of a blend of zinc sulphide concentrates in a bench-scale fluidised bed reactor operated in batch regime was studied. The fractional conversion was determined by measuring the SO2 concentration in the exit gas using a chromatograph. The effects of the initial mass of the blend, airflow rate and temperature on fractional conversion were studied. The initial mass of the blend varied from 45 to 75 g, the airflow rate from 6 to 9 L/min and the temperature from 883 to 1213 K. The time for complete conversion was affected by the molar ratio of O2 to S fed into the reactor and by temperature. The oxidation reaction was controlled by surface chemical reaction of the unreacted core of the particles. The value of the activation energy, 87 kJ/mole, supports the contention that the reaction was chemically controlled.
Rootstock and interstock effects on deciduous fruit tree vigour, precocity, and yield productivity (1995)

Abstract Rootstocks have been used for propagating temperate fruit trees for more than 2000 years. Many of the rootstocks used, as well as providing a simple method of propagation, also affect scion growth, cropping, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. How rootstocks bring about their effects on scion growth and cropping is still not understood. This review describes and discusses some of the many rootstock effects on temperate fruit tree scion growth, vigour, and habit, as well as scion precocity and abundance of flowering and the propensity of flowers to set fruits. Finally rootstock effects on yield efficiency are considered.
Cyclosporine inhibits the renal response to L-arginine in human kidney transplant recipients. (1995)

To evaluate the association of cyclosporine (CsA)-related nephrotoxicity with nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin, the effects of L-arginine (LA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) infusions on renal hemodynamics in 5 normal volunteers and 12 renal transplant recipients were assessed. In normal humans, LA, but not BCAA, reduced mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance while increasing RPF and urinary nitrate (NO3-) excretion. Group 1 included six transplant recipients not on CsA; Group 2 subjects (N = 6) were receiving CsA. In both groups, mean arterial pressure declined during the infusion of LA (116 +/- 4 to 109 +/- 4 mm Hg; P < 0.001) but not BCAA (116 +/- 3 to 115 +/- 3; P = not significant). In Group 1, LA increased RPF 33 +/- 13% (329 +/- 48 to 436 +/- 77 mL/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.01) and GFR 37 +/- 16% (95 +/- 7 to 130 +/- 18 mL/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.01); renal vascular resistance declined 27 +/- 6%. In Group 2, LA did not affect renal hemodynamics. No changes occurred with BCAA in either group. LA increased urinary NO3-excretion by 27 +/- 17% in Group 1 (P < 0.05), but only by 16 +/- 13% in Group 2 (P = not significant). Urinary endothelin excretion was higher in Group 2 subjects (10.1 +/- 1.3 versus 5.3 +/- 0.8 pg/mL of GFR, P < 0.01). LA-induced renal vasodilation is associated with the increased urinary excretion of NO3-.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation in the Hippocampus Modifies Seizure Characteristics in Kindled Rats (2007)

Continuous HFS (130 Hz) in the hippocampus of epileptic rats modulates the characteristics of evoked AD in a way that reflects a reduction in excitability of the target region.
Changes in the mucous cells of the gills, buccal cavity and epidermis of the nine‐spined stickleback, <i>Pungitius pungitius</i> L., induced by transferring the fish to sea water (1982)

A histochemical analysis of mucous cells in the gills, buccal cavity and epidermis of the nine‐spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L., using alcian blue and PAS, showed that most cells contained more than one type of glycoprotein. In all regions, the cell content of sialylated glycoproteins increased, and of sulphated glycoproteins decreased during adaptation to sea water. The histochemical properties of the cuticle‐secreting cells in the epidermis were less easy to study, but it seems that their content of neutral glycoproteins increased and their content of acid glycoproteins decreased, during adaptation to sea water. Mucous cells were generally less common in seawater‐adapted animals, though in the epidermis of fish kept in sea water for 21 days, there were as many as in the freshwater controls. Sulphated glycoproteins may be more effective than others in freshwater osmoregulation for they are highly charged and could attract cations strongly. They may also help to combat bacterial and fungal infections, and perhaps these are less likely when laboratory fish are transferred to sea water.
Structural features of the α-type filaments of the inner root sheath cells of the guinea pig hair follicle (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural features of the α-type filaments of the inner root sheath cells of the guinea pig hair folliclePeter M. SteinertCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 23, 5045–5052Publication Date (Print):November 14, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00616a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00616a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The multiple window parameter transform (1992)

The multiwindow transform, an extension of parameter transform techniques that increase performance and scope by exploiting the long-range correlated information contained in multiple portions of an image, is presented. Multiple-window transforms allow the extraction of high-dimensional features with improvement in accuracy over conventional techniques while keeping linear to low-order-polynomial computational and space requirements with respect to image size and dimensionality of the features. Using correlated information provides a direct link between extracted features and supporting regions in the image. This, coupled with evidence integration techniques, is used to suppress noisy or nonexistent feature hypotheses. Parameter spaces are implemented as constraint satisfaction networks, where feature hypotheses with overlapping support in the image compete. After an iterative relaxation phase, surviving hypotheses have disjoint support, forming a segmentation of the image. Examples show the performance and provide insight about the behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diagnostic delay in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (2002)

Delay to diagnosis was studied in 313 consecutive patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). On average, patients with PNES were diagnosed 7.2 years after manifestation (SD 9.3 years). Younger age, interictal epileptiform potentials in the EEG, and anticonvulsant treatment were associated with longer delays. Other patient factors did not explain the great variability of the time to diagnosis, suggesting that physician factors contributed to delays.
Adsorption and Dissociation of O<sub>2</sub> on Pt−Co and Pt−Fe Alloys (2004)

Self-consistent periodic density functional theory calculations (GGA-PW91) have been performed to study the adsorption of O and O(2) and the dissociation of O(2) on the (111) facets of ordered Pt(3)Co and Pt(3)Fe alloys and on monolayer Pt skins covering these two alloys. Results are compared with those obtained on two Pt(111) surfaces, one at the equilibrium lattice constant and the other laterally compressed by 2% to match the strain in the Pt alloys. The absolute magnitudes of the binding energies of O and O(2) follow the same order in the two alloy systems: Pt skin < compressed Pt(111) < Pt(111) < Pt(3)Co(111) or Pt(3)Fe(111). The reduced activity of the compressed Pt(111) and Pt skins for oxygen can be rationalized as being due to the shifting of the d-band center increasingly away from the Fermi level. We propose that an alleviation of poisoning by O and enhanced rates for reactions involving O may be some of the reasons why Pt skins are more active for the oxygen reduction reaction in low-temperature fuel cells. Finally, a linear correlation between the transition-state and final-state energies of O(2) dissociation on monometallic and bimetallic surfaces is revealed, pointing to a simple way to screen for improved cathode catalysts.
Dielectric measurements of gas hydrate formation in water-in-oil emulsions using open-ended coaxial probes (1997)

The formation of gas hydrates in multiphase flow from oil-producing wells can cause severe problems such as agglomeration and clogging of pipelines. The formation of gas hydrates in emulsions gives rise to a change in the bulk permittivity, and hence dielectric spectroscopy is a potential technique for the detection of gas hydrates in emulsified systems. This paper presents a time domain system for permittivity measurements of emulsions. The permittivity was calculated by using a simple admittance model from reflection measurements from 10 MHz to 10 GHz with two different open-ended coaxial probes. Measurements on liquids with known permittivity were used to verify the sensitivity and reproducibility of the measurements. The formation of gas hydrates in a 60% water-in-oil emulsion was also monitored with the dielectric measurement system. During the formation of gas hydrates decreases in the relaxation time and the static and high-frequency permittivities were observed.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection in Complement Receptor 3-Deficient Mice (2000)

Complement receptor type 3 (CR3) present on macrophages is used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis as one of its major phagocytic receptors. In this study, we examined the in vivo significance of CR3-mediated phagocytosis on the pathogenesis of disease caused by M. tuberculosis. The outcome of tuberculous infection in mice deficient in the CD11b subunit of CR3 (CR3-/-) on a mixed 129SV and C57BL background and control wild-type counterparts was comparable with respect to survival, bacterial burden, granulomatous lesion development, and cytokine expression in the spleen and lungs. M. tuberculosis infection was also examined in CR3-/- mice on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds and was found to be similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the absence of CR3, M. tuberculosis is able to gain entry into host cells via alternative phagocytic receptors and establish infection. The data also indicate that absence of CR3 does not alter disease course in either the relatively resistant C57BL/6 or the relatively susceptible BALB/c strains of mice.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AS AN ALTERNATIVE PREOXIDANT FOR ENHANCING ALGAL COAGULATION – PILOT AND BENCH SCALE STUDIES (2008)

Pilot- and laboratory-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of permanganate preoxidation on the removal of algae removal by coagulation. Experimental results indicate that permanganate was capable of enhancing algal coagulation. An optimum permanganate dosage for algal coagulation was identified for pilot and laboratory tests. Permanganate caused cells to liberate extracellular organic matter at the cell surfaces, thereby improving cell aggregation and increasing algae removal. Calcium enhanced the permanganate preoxidation during algal coagulation.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells are superior to adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of limb ischemia (2011)

Oral Presentation: Session S31 - Genetic Determinants of Heart Disease, Gene and Cell Based Therapies, Basic Research: abstract no. 1489
Ubiquitinated proteasome inhibitor is a component of the 26 S proteasome complex (1992)

Western blot analysis, using a polyclonal antibody to the 240-kDa endogenous inhibitor of the 20 S proteasome, revealed that the inhibitor is a component of the 26 S complex. Although isolated inhibitor displayed a single 40-kDa band on SDS-PAGE, the antibody detected a 55-kDa component in the 26 S proteasome complex. Ubiquitin polyclonal antibody recognized the same 55-kDa component but did not react with free 40-kDa inhibitor subunit. Addition of purified 40-kDa inhibitor to a ubiquitin ligating system also generated the 55-kDa species. In crude erythrocyte extracts, most of the inhibitor migrated at 55 kDa in the presence of ATP but shifted to 40 kDa in the absence of ATP, consistent with removal of ubiquitin. It is suggested that ubiquitination of the inhibitor may be involved in regulating assembly and/or activity of the 26 S proteasome complex.
Topically administered fluorouracil in psoriasis (1972)

In 13 patients with psoriasis, fluorouracil at 5% concentration in ointment base was applied daily to psoriatic lesions under the occlusive dressings. The treated lesions became completely erosive at seven to nine trials, preceded by a burning sensation and accompanied by pain. A rapid epithelization was seen soon after stopping the fluorouracil treatment. Thus, all the patients showed a complete clearing of the lesions treated with the antimetabolite, and the psoriasis has not recurred during the observation period ranging from 6 to 13 months, except in a patient in whom small psoriatic lesions recurred after 11 months. The characteristic features of histological response of psoriatic lesions to fluorouracil was the destructive degeneration of the epidermal cells, mainly edema and vacuolated degeneration, leading to necrobiosis. No systemic toxicity was found in this series of patients.
Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry (2011)

We present a method for the determination of triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of oleaginous saltwater microalgae relevant for the production of biofuels, bioactive lipids, and high-value lipid-based chemical precursors. We describe a technique to remove chlorophyll using quick, simple solid phase extraction (SPE) and directly compare the intact TAG composition of four microalgae species (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nannochloropsis salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Tetraselmis suecica) using MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), ESI linear ion trap-orbitrap (LTQ Orbitrap) MS, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Direct MS analysis is particularly effective to compare the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition for triacylglycerols because oxidation can often degrade samples upon derivatization. Using these methods, we observed that T. suecica contains significant PUFA levels with respect to other microalgae. This method is applicable for high-throughput MS screening of microalgae TAG profiles and may aid in the commercial development of biofuels.
The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) (2020)

The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be envisaged as the dynamic interaction between four vicious feedback loops chained or happening at once. These are the viral loop, the hyperinflammatory loop, the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis loop, and the hypercoagulation loop. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 lights the wick by infecting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and downregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang-1-7)/Mas1R axis. The viral feedback loop includes evading the host's innate response, uncontrolled viral replication, and turning on a hyperactive adaptative immune response. The inflammatory loop is composed of the exuberant inflammatory response feeding back until exploding in an actual cytokine storm. Downregulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas1R axis leaves the lung without a critical defense mechanism and turns the scale to the inflammatory side of the RAS. The coagulation loop is a hypercoagulable state caused by the interplay between inflammation and coagulation in an endless feedback loop. The result is a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable state producing acute immune-mediated lung injury and eventually, adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Serum DNA as a tool for cancer patient management. (2003)

The study of serum or plasma DNA has opened new roads for translational research and new strategies for molecular diagnosis. Due to the similarities of alterations found in serum DNA and primary tumor, we can use this tool to calculate the risk of local or distant recurrence and its relationship with survival and its value in patient follow-up to evaluate response to therapy.
On the mechanism of titanium-tartrate catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation (1983)

Abstract
A Cryogenically Flexible Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Hydrogen Isotope Separation by Quantum Sieving (2013)

Pyrdine incorporation into the covalent organic framework COF-1 resulted in a highly dense packing structure in which the pyridine occupies the hexagonal pore space between the COF layers. This optimizes pore aperture for quantum sieving of hydrogen isotopes and introduces flexibility at cryogenic temperatures into the system. The separation factor (S) is about 10 at 22 K, which is the highest reported to date. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Elemene Injection Induced Autophagy Protects Human Hepatoma Cancer Cells from Starvation and Undergoing Apoptosis (2014)

Elemene, a compound found in an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promising anticancer effects against a broad spectrum of tumors. In an in vivo experiment, we found that apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR2, combined with elemene injection (Ele) for the treatment of H22 solid tumor in mice resulted in worse effectiveness than apatinib alone. Moreover, Ele could protect HepG2 cells from death induced by serum-free starvation. Further data on the mechanism study revealed that Ele induced protective autophagy and prevented human hepatoma cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Proapoptosis effect of Ele was enhanced when proautophagy effect was inhibited by hydroxychloroquine. Above all, Ele has the effect of protecting cancer cells from death either in apatinib induced nutrient deficient environment or in serum-free induced starvation. A combination of elemene injection with autophagy inhibitor might thus be a useful therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma.