gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COOH-Terminal-Modified Interleukin-3 Is Retained Intracellularly and Stimulates Autocrine Growth (1989)

Autocrine growth due to dysregulated growth factor production may have a role in the development of neoplasia. Whether autocrine growth is stimulated by growth factor secretion in an autocrine loop or by intracellular binding of the growth factor to a receptor has been unclear. The carboxyl-terminus coding sequence for murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) was extended with an oligonucleotide encoding a four-amino acid endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells became growth factor-independent when the modified IL-3 gene was introduced by retroviral gene transfer, despite lack of secretion of the modified IL-3. Hence autocrine growth can occur as a result of the intracellular action of a growth factor and this mechanism may be important in neoplastic and normal cells.
Patients' Global Ratings of Their Health Care Are Not Associated with the Technical Quality of Their Care (2006)

Vulnerable elders' global ratings of care should not be used as a marker of technical quality of care. Assessments of quality of care should include both patient evaluations and independent assessments of technical quality.
Paper Microfluidics for Cell Analysis (2018)

Paper microfluidics has attracted much attention since its first introduction around one decade ago due to the merits such as low cost, ease of fabrication and operation, portability, and facile integration with other devices. The dominant application for paper microfluidics still lies in point-of-care testing (POCT), which holds great promise to provide diagnostic tools to meet the ASSURED criteria. With micro/nanostructures inside, paper substrates provide a natural 3D scaffold to mimic native cellular microenvironments and create excellent biointerfaces for cell analysis applications, such as long-term 3D cell culture, cell capture/phenotyping, and cell-related biochemical analysis (small molecules, protein DNA, etc.). This review summarizes cell-related applications based on various engineered paper microdevices and provides some perspectives for paper microfluidics-based cell analysis.
Deep Learning Based Fault Correction in 3D Measurements of Printed Circuit Boards (2018)

The inspection of printed circuit boards shifted from regular inspections based on two-dimensional images to sophisticated inspections using three-dimensional images. Light-based three-dimensional measurement systems tend to produce defects in the measured surface of the electrical components. A new method is proposed and tested to use deep neural network models to detect and repair such defects reliable. The neural network uses masked convolution to predict valid three-dimensional data based on damaged three-dimensional data and a set of two-dimensional images of the scene. The neural model is trained using an advanced online learning system, taking data from and feeding results to multiple inspection systems at the same time. The proposed method is tested with real data and different defects recorded on inline inspection systems. The benefits and drawbacks of this method are discussed and an outline for future work is given.
Towards Sustainable Cloud Computing: Reducing Electricity Cost and Carbon Footprint for Cloud Data Centers through Geographical and Temporal Shifting of Workloads (2012)

Cloud Computing presents a novel way for businesses to procure their IT needs. Its elasticity and on-demand provisioning enables a shift from capital expenditures to operating expenses, giving businesses the technological agility they need to respond to an ever-changing marketplace. The rapid adoption of Cloud Computing, however, poses a unique challenge to Cloud providers—their already very large electricity bill and carbon footprint will get larger as they expand; managing both costs is therefore essential to their growth. This thesis squarely addresses the above challenge. Recognizing the presence of Cloud data centers in multiple locations and the differences in electricity price and emission intensity among these locations and over time, we develop an optimization framework that couples workload distribution with time-varying signals on electricity price and emission intensity for financial and environmental benefits. The framework is comprised of an optimization model, an aggregate cost function, and 6 scheduling heuristics. To evaluate cost savings, we run simulations with 5 data centers located across North America over a period of 81 days. We use historical data on electricity price, emission intensity, and workload collected from market operators and research data archives. We find that our framework can produce substantial cost savings, especially when workloads are distributed both geographically and temporally—up to 53.35% on electricity cost, or 29.13% on carbon cost, or 51.44% on electricity cost and 13.14% on carbon cost simultaneously.
The Repeated Evaluation Technique (RET). A method to capture dynamic effects of innovativeness and attractiveness (2005)

Innovativeness is defined as ‘originality by virtue of introducing new ideas’. Thus, innovative designs often break common visual habits and are evaluated as relatively unattractive at first sight (Leder & Carbon, 2005). In most empirical studies, attractiveness is measured only once. These measures do not capture the dynamic aspects of innovation. This paper presents a dynamic procedure, the Repeated Evaluation Technique (RET), that improves the validity of attractiveness evaluations. RET simulates time and exposure effects of everyday life. Using RET, we investigated the appreciation of different car designs varying in innovativeness and curvature. While the mere exposure theory (Zajonc, 1968) would predict a general increase of liking in increasing exposure, RET revealed dissociate effects depending on innovativeness. Only innovative designs showed an increase in attractiveness. Low innovative designs were rated as being relatively attractive in the beginning, but did not profit from elaboration due to RET. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XCIV. Scattering of electrons and holes by charged donors and acceptors in semiconductors (1955)

Abstract The problem of determining the time of relaxation due to scattering of electrons and holes by charged impurity donors and acceptors in semiconductors is reconsidered in an effort to derive formulae more exact and general than those due to Conwell, Weisskopf, and other authors.
Integrated transport layer security: end-to-end security model between WTLS and TLS (2002)

WAP is a set of protocols that optimizes standard TCP/IP/HTTP/HTML protocols, for use under the low bandwidth, high latency conditions often found in wireless networks. But, end-to-end security is not supported unless a WAP gateway is operated by the content provider. We propose the ITLS mechanism to solve the WAP security problem. The goal of ITLS is to prohibit the WAP gateway from having a plain text message assuming the gateway doesn't belong to the content provider. In ITLS, the security partner of a Web server is not a gateway but a client, the client encrypts twice for the Web server and the gateway in the order named. To support these functions, IniCertificate and IntClientKeyExchange message types are added in ITLS handshake protocol, application data encryption and decryption rules are modified. It is one drawback that ITLS enabled mobile devices might have more loads than WTLS because of encryption and decryption.
Use of viscoelastic substance in ophthalmic surgery&nbsp;&mdash; focus on sodium hyaluronate (2008)

Among viscoelastic substances, sodium hyaluronate has become the most popular for intraocular surgeries since the introduction of Healon((R)) (sodium hyaluronate 1%, 4 x 10(6) daltons) in 1979. This review focuses on the recent development of a new generation of sodium hyaluronate agents with new rheologic properties and the relevant new techniques used in cataract, glaucoma, corneal, and vitreoretinal surgeries. The introduction of sodium hyaluronate agents with different rheologic properties has improved the safety and reliability of intraocular surgeries. Although there have been numerous studies reporting the effectiveness of viscoelastic substances in intraocular surgeries, rigorous validation by multi-center randomized control trials is lacking in many cases. At present, no single viscoelastic agent is most suitable to all of the various intraocular surgical techniques. Therefore, ophthalmologic surgeons should keep up with recent developments of viscoelastic agents and relevant surgical techniques for better patient care.
Compositional and Black Oil Reservoir Simulation (1995)

Abstract This paper describes a three-dimensional, three-phase reservoir simulation model for black oil and compositional applications. Both IMPES and fully implicit formulations are included. The model's use of a relaxed volume balance concept effectively conserves both mass and volume and reduces Newton iterations. A new implicit well rate calculation method improves IMPES stability. It approximates wellbore crossflow effects with high efficiency and relative simplicity in both IMPES and fully implicit formulations. Multiphase flow in the tubing and near-well turbulent gas flow effects are treated implicitly. Initial saturations are calculated as a function of water-oil and gas-oil capillary pressures which are optionally dependent upon the Leverett J function or initial saturations may be entered as data arrays. A normalization of the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves is used to calculate these terms as a function of rock type and grid block residual saturations. Example problems are presented, including several of the SPE Comparative Solution problems and field simulations.
Field observations of the fluid‐granular boundary layer under near‐breaking waves (1992)

Numerous synchronized time series from video cameras, pressure sensors, current meters, and hot film anemometers on natural beaches show that boundary layer development under the crest of near‐breaking waves can be idealized as a process composed of three distinct regimes here referred to as streaking, roiling, and pluming. The roiling and pluming regimes fail to develop under the trough. As a consequence, there is a pronounced asymmetry in instantaneous sand transport and boundary layer phenomena between the wave crest and trough. However, laboratory waves with field scale periods and wave heights over thin sand beds do not exhibit this crest‐trough boundary layer asymmetry, indicating that a critical element of similitude is absent in laboratory experiments. We suggest that wave induced boundary ventilation is responsible.
Plasma membrane perturbations of KB3 cells induced by the bleomycin-iron complex. (1990)

The effect of the anticancer drug bleomycin on acyl chain order of KB cell membranes was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence polarization spectroscopies using respectively, the 5-doxyl stearic acid spin probe and the 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and the 1-[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescent probes. Measurements of the order parameter, S, by the two techniques showed a perturbation of the plasma membrane fluidity with bleomycin-iron, while no effect was observed with bleomycin or iron alone. A kinetic study of the location of the 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescent probe into the cell was followed by fluorescence microscopy. Lipid peroxidation measurements were also performed using isolated unsaturated lipids, intact cells, or isolated plasma membranes whose purity was checked by electronic microscopy. These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
Brain Network Dysfunction in Late-Life Depression (2013)

As a common psychiatric disorder in the growing geriatric population, late-life depression (LLD) has a negative impact on the cognitive, affective, and somatic domains of the lives of the elderly individuals. Accumulating evidence from the structural and functional imaging studies on LLD supports a "network dysfunction model" rather than a "lesion pathology model" for understanding the underlying biological mechanism in this mental disorder. In this work, we used network dysfunction model as a conceptual framework for reviewing recent neuroimaging findings in LLD. Our focus was on 4 major neurocircuits that have been shown to be involved in LLD: default mood network, cognitive control network, affective/frontolimbic network, and corticostriatal circuits. Findings of LLD-related gray and white matter structural abnormalities and resting-state and task-based functional changes were discussed for each network separately. We extended our review by summarizing the latest works that apply graph theory-based network analysis techniques for testing alterations in whole-brain network properties associated with LLD.
Mutations affecting sexual development in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. (1975)

Although zygospore (mature zygote) formation in P. blakeslleeanus occurs in liquid glucoseglutamate medium, morphological observations are made more easily when cultures are grown on 1-mm-thick agar medium. Zygophores (sexually differentiated hyphae) develop prior to physical contact in crosses of (plus) and (minus) wild types. Zygophores interlock upon contact and then undergo six successive morphological changes to become a zygospore. Mutants with abnormal carotene synthesis exhibit aberrant sexual behavior. Some zygospores do form in crosses of carA mutants and wild types. Only paired zygophores form in crosses of wild type(plus) with car-42(minus), a beta-carotene-accumulating mutant. Zygophores form only on (minus) in crosses of wild type(plus) with carB(minus), carR(minus), carAcarR(minus), and carBcarR(minus) mutants, and only on (plus) in crosses of car-43(plus) with wild type(minus), car-42(minus), and carA(minus) mutants. Zygophores do not form in crosses of car-43(plus) with carB(minus), carR(minus), carAcarR(minus), and carBcarR(minus) mutants. These observations demonstrate that each mating type makes a chemical messenger that stimulates zygophore development in the opposite mating type.
Murine Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognize an Epitope in an EBNA-1 Fragment, but Fail to Lyse EBNA-1–expressing Mouse Cells (1998)

Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for epitopes within eight of the nine Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-encoded latency-associated proteins have been recovered from EBV-infected human subjects by restimulation of lymphocytes in vitro. However, human class I-restricted CTL responses capable of recognizing EBNA-1 expressing cells were not detected in these studies. We have raised a murine CTL line that recognizes an epitope within EBNA-1 by immunizing mice with a vaccinia virus encoding a COOH-terminal EBNA-1 fragment. This novel CTL line was used to investigate whether the epitope (positions 509-517 in EBNA-1, presented through Kd) was presented to CTL by mouse cells expressing full-length EBNA-1 or a deletion mutant of EBNA-1, lacking the Glycine-Alanine (Gly-Ala)-rich region. Cells expressing full-length EBNA-1 are not lysed by the CTL line, whereas cells expressing the Gly-Ala deletion mutant are recognized. These results suggest that epitopes from full-length EBNA-1 are poorly presented, and that the Gly-Ala-rich region is responsible for this phenomenon. The inefficient presentation of EBNA-1-derived epitopes may explain the absence or rarity of EBNA-1-specific CTLs in vivo, a strategy that may allow EBV to maintain persistence within the immunocompetent host without being eliminated by CTLs.
Ring-Expanded (“Fat”) Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues Exhibit Potent in Vitro Activity against <i>Flaviviridae</i> NTPases/Helicases, Including Those of the West Nile Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Japanese Encephalitis Virus (2003)

A series of ring-expanded ("fat") heterocycles, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues (RENs) containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine ring system (9, 14, 15, 18, 24-26, 28, 31, and 33) and imidazo[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazepine ring systems (30b, 30c, 32, and 34), have been synthesized as potential inhibitors of NTPases/helicases of Flaviviridae, including the West Nile virus (WNV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). An amino-terminal truncated form of human enzyme Suv3(delta1-159) was also included in the study so as to assess the selectivity of RENs against the viral enzymes. The analogues of RENs included structural variations at position 1 of the heterocyclic base and contained changes in both the type of sugar moieties (ribo, 2'-deoxyribo, and acyclic sugars) and the mode of attachment (alpha versus beta anomeric configuration) of those sugars to the heterocyclic base. The target RENs were biochemically screened separately against the helicase and ATPase activities of the viral NTPases/helicases. A number of RENs inhibited the viral helicase activity with IC50 values that ranged in micromolar concentrations and exhibited differential selectivity between the viral enzymes. In view of the observed tight complex between some nucleosides and RNA and/or DNA substrates of a helicase, the mechanism of action of RENs might involve their interaction with the appropriate substrate through binding to the major or minor groove of the double helix. The REN-5'-triphosphates, on the other hand, did not influence the above unwinding reaction, but instead exerted the inhibitory effect on the ATPase activity of the enzymes. The activity was found to be highly dependent upon the low concentration levels of the substrate ATP. At concentrations >500 microM of RENs and the ATP concentrations >10 times the Km value of the enzyme, a significant activation of NTPase activity was observed. This activating effect underwent further dramatic enhancement (>1000%) by further increases in ATP concentration in the reaction mixture. A tentative mechanistic model has been proposed to explain the observed results, which includes an additional allosteric binding site on the viral NTPases/helicases that can be occupied by nucleoside/nucleotide-type molecules such as RENs.
Sensor-Assisted Codebook-Based Beamforming for Mobility Management in 60 GHz WLANs (2015)

The potential to provide multi-gbps throughput has made 60 GHz communication an attractive choice for next-generation WLANs. Due to highly directional nature of the communication, a 60 GHz link faces frequent outages in the presence of mobility. In this work, we present a sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam width adaptation and beam switching to address the mobility challenges in 60 GHz WLANs. First, we show that by combining antenna element selection with codebook design, it is possible to generate a multilevel codebook that can cover different beam forming directions with many possible beam widths and directive gain. Second, we propose that accelerometer and magnetometer sensors which are commonly available on mobile devices can be used to better account for mobility, and perform near-real time beam width adaptation and beam switching. We evaluate the sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam forming with trace-driven simulations using real mobility traces. Numeric evaluation shows that such beam forming can maintain the connectivity over 84% of the time even in presence of high device mobility.
Temperature Dependence of the Ideality Factor of Ba<sub>1-x</sub>K<sub>x</sub>BiO<sub>3</sub>/Nb-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> All-Oxide-Type Schottky Junctions (1998)

Current-voltage measurements were performed on Ba 1- x K x BiO 3 /Nb-doped SrTiO 3 (BKBO/STO:Nb) all-oxide-type Schottky junctions in the temperature range of 30 to 300 K. The relative permittivity ε r ( E , T ) of undoped SrTiO 3 (110) was measured as a function of both temperature and electric field. An anomalous increase in ideality factor n ( T ) and decrease in zero-bias barrier height Φ b0 ( T ) with decreasing temperature were observed and were analyzed using the interfacial layer model with a thin insulating interfacial layer present between metal contact (BKBO) and semiconductor interface (STO:Nb). The increase in n ( T ) at low temperature can be explained by taking into account the temperature dependence of the permittivity of the depletion layer (STO:Nb). The effect of the electric field dependence of the permittivity of STO:Nb on n ( T ) is also discussed using an approximate electric field dependence, ε r ( T , E )= b /( a + E 2 ) 1/2 , where a and b are constants.
Bacterial fimbriae activate human peripheral blood monocytes utilizing TLR2, CD14 and CD11a/CD18 as cellular receptors (2002)

Bacterial fimbriae are associated with a specific adherence factor, adhesin, in their microbial etiology. Porphyromonas gingivalis, as an anaerobic Gram-negative periodontopathogenic organism, is known to possess fimbriae on its cell surfaces. In this study, we demonstrated that P. gingivalis fimbriae and an active synthetic peptide composed of residues 69 - 73 of thefimbrial subunit protein, ALTTE, induced IL-6 mRNA expression and cytokine production, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, and NF-kappaB activation in human peripheral blood monocytes. P. gingivalis fimbriae and ALTTE also induced IL-6 production via human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD14, and CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) molecules on human monocytes. These results suggest that P. gingivalis fimbriae and these degraded peptides may play an important role in the inflamed gingival and periodontal tissues seen in the development and progression of periodontal diseases.
Towards a Design Space Exploration Tool for MPSoC Platforms Designs: A Case Study (2014)

The deployment of an application onto a multicore archi- tecture is often a long and difficult process. This is due to the fact that the characteristics of both the architecture and the application are taken into account late in the development process. It's therefore necessary to have tools pruning the solution space efficiently and accurately. In order to define such a tool, this work defines the basic metrics and step for a design space exploration ("DSE") flow. To this end our proposal have been tested and validated for a space application that requires both a high computing power and an architecture compatible with the space constraints. The results obtained are promising and have shown the viability of the approach.
Self-Assembled DNA Nanopores That Span Lipid Bilayers (2013)

DNA nanotechnology excels at rationally designing bottom-up structures that can functionally replicate naturally occurring proteins. Here we describe the design and generation of a stable DNA-based nanopore that structurally mimics the amphiphilic nature of protein pores and inserts into bilayers to support a steady transmembrane flow of ions. The pore carries an outer hydrophobic belt comprised of small chemical alkyl groups which mask the negatively charged oligonucleotide backbone. This modification overcomes the otherwise inherent energetic mismatch to the hydrophobic environment of the membrane. By merging the fields of nanopores and DNA nanotechnology, we expect that the small membrane-spanning DNA pore will help open up the design of entirely new molecular devices for a broad range of applications including sensing, electric circuits, catalysis, and research into nanofluidics and controlled transmembrane transport.