gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FTIR and ESR Spectroscopic Studies of the Photopolymerization of Vinyl Ester Resins (2003)

The reaction kinetics during photopolymerization of bisGMA/styrene blends were investigated using FTIR and ESR spectroscopy. Increased styrene concentration reduced the polymerization rate of both methacrylate and styrene due to an increase in the termination rate and due to the stability of the styryl radical. Raised styrene concentrations also increased the final methacrylate conversion, but the final styrene conversion decreased because styrene plasticized the network, allowing methacrylate conversion to rise at higher styrene concentrations; however, the copolymerization did not proceed far enough to achieve increased conversions of styrene. The final concentration of radicals was reduced at higher styrene concentrations because of an increase in the bimolecular termination rate for networks with low cross-link densities. The proportion of styryl radicals trapped in the vitrified matrix was found to be markedly higher than the proportion predicted from the proportion of styrene monomer in the feed resin or from the copolymerization rate constants, due to the higher mobility of styrene relative to the methacrylate groups. Increased isothermal cure temperature resulted in a raised polymerization rate, increased conversion, and a decreased final concentration of radicals. This was attributed to the effects of an increase in the propagation rate and the bimolecular termination rate. The proportion of styryl radicals trapped in the vitrified matrix was found to increase with raised isothermal cure temperature because the fraction of styrene reacting increased relative to the methacrylate groups. The concentration of radicals released by photocleavage of the photoinitiator was sufficient to account for the increase in the concentration of radicals even after the sample entered the vitrification region.
Prechirp technique as a linear dispersion compensation for multi-gigabit long-span IM-DD optical transmission systems (2002)

A prechirp technique for linear dispersion compensation for intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) optical transmission systems has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. This technique is based on the predistortion technique in an optical transmitter. It is easily applied to the ordinary IM-DD optical transmitter which uses an external intensity modulator, because it requires only the addition of a small sinusoidal current modulation to a semiconductor laser diode. Allowable transmission fiber dispersion will be more than doubled with this technique. For example, allowable dispersion is expanded to over 11000 ps/nm dispersion at 2.5 Gb/s and 700 ps/nm at 10 Gb/s. The prechirp technique should be applicable to multi-gigabit transoceanic transmission systems in the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Age and evolution of the basement rocks in Thailand (2018)

This is the first volume in the English language to cover the entire range of the geology of Thailand since the joint Thai—US account by Brown et al. exactly 60 years ago. Over this period there has been a phenomenal growth in interest in this core area of SE Asia. This has been led by geologists in Thailand, but with important and highly significant input from geologists based elsewhere in Asia and in Europe, Australasia and North America. Some of that research was prompted by commercial considerations, since Thailand has important energy and mineral resources, while other research has sought to understand better the stratigraphic and structural history, including the plate-tectonic story which Thailand's rocks reveal. This new volume seeks to bring together all of this knowledge into a single accessible book; it is the work of an international team drawn from Thailand, Japan, Australia, USA, Canada, Germany and the UK.
Quantitation of neutrophil phagocytosis, using fluorescent latex beads. Correlation of microscopy and flow cytometry. (1981)

Phagocytic particle uptake was calculated from data obtained by microscopy and flow cytometry utilizing commercially available fluorescent beads of uniform (2 micrometer diameter) size. PMNs collected from a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient were incubated with the fluorescent beads in human plasma and gently washed in buffer to remove most of the extracellular beads. The cells were observed and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (sample size = 300 cells) and flow cytometry (sample size = 50,000 cells) to determine the percent phagocytic cells, number of beads per phagocytic cell, and beads per 100 PMNs. Correlation of these indices for microscopic and machine counts was in high agreement, with r values greater than 0.80. Since flow cytometry increases the sample size 500-fold above that attained by manual microscopic counts, the coefficient of variation is proportionately reduced. Unlike other automated techniques for phagocytosis such as the use of radiolabeled particles, flow cytometry yields information on the cell population such as percent of phagocytic cells and the distribution of intracellular fluorescent beads per cell as well as particle uptake. Thus the advantages of speed, greater statistical accuracy, and the ability to accumulate information on the cell population indicate that flow cytofluorometry has unique applications for the study of phagocytosis. Application of the technique to in vitro stimulation of blood neutrophil phagocytic uptake is included.
Lignin and Biomass: A Negative Correlation for Wood Formation and Lignin Content in Trees (2010)

Studies in populations of forest tree hybrids have shown a negative correlation of biomass growth (usually measured as wood volume) and lignin content ([Kirst et al., 2004][1]; [Novaes et al., 2009][2]). The control of growth and lignin appears to be highly regulated, implying that selection for
Light Chain– dependent Regulation of Kinesin's Interaction with Microtubules (1998)

We have investigated the mechanism by which conventional kinesin is prevented from binding to microtubules (MTs) when not transporting cargo. Kinesin heavy chain (HC) was expressed in COS cells either alone or with kinesin light chain (LC). Immunofluorescence microscopy and MT cosedimentation experiments demonstrate that the binding of HC to MTs is inhibited by coexpression of LC. Association between the chains involves the LC NH2-terminal domain, including the heptad repeats, and requires a region of HC that includes the conserved region of the stalk domain and the NH2 terminus of the tail domain. Inhibition of MT binding requires in addition the COOH-terminal 64 amino acids of HC. Interaction between the tail and the motor domains of HC is supported by sedimentation experiments that indicate that kinesin is in a folded conformation. A pH shift from 7.2 to 6.8 releases inhibition of kinesin without changing its sedimentation behavior. Endogenous kinesin in COS cells also shows pH-sensitive inhibition of MT binding. Taken together, our results provide evidence that a function of LC is to keep kinesin in an inactive ground state by inducing an interaction between the tail and motor domains of HC; activation for cargo transport may be triggered by a small conformational change that releases the inhibition of the motor domain for MT binding.
A direct approximation technique of log magnitude response for digital filters (1977)

A new direct approximation technique of log magnitude response for digital filters is presented in this paper. The facts that the log magnitude response of digital filters can be expanded into Fourier series and a fairly accurate cosine type log magnitude response can be realized by the elemental digital filter presented in this paper are used in the present technique. The system functions obtained by this method provide the best mean-square approximation to an arbitrarily prescribed log magnitude response. The resulting digital filters are realized in the cascade form of the elemental digital filters, and they give relatively low coefficient sensitivity. The elemental filter is recursive but its form is very simple. Its coefficients are easily obtained by the cepstrum of the impulse response which is the Fourier transform of the desired log magnitude response. This method is very powerful in the realization of digital filters for speech synthesis filters with complicated log magnitude responses.
Feature extraction in laser welding processes (2008)

There is a rapidly growing demand for laser welding in a wide variety of manufacturing processes ranging from automobile production to precision mechanics. Up to now, the high dynamics of the process has made it impossible to construct a camera based real time quality and process control. Since new pixel parallel architectures are existing, which are now available in systems such as the ACE16k, Q-Eye, and SCAMP-3 (P. Dudek et al., 2006), one has become able to implement a real time laser welding processing. In this paper we will propose a feature extraction algorithm, running at a frame rate of 10 kHz, for a laser welding process. The performance of the algorithm has been studied in detail. In particular, it has been implemented on an Eye-RIS v.1.1 system and has been applied to laser welding processes.
Measurement of triplet exciton diffusion in organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

A detailed investigation of the diffusion of triplet excitons in a layer of $N,{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-di-1-naphthalenyl-$N,{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-diphenyl-[$1,{1}^{\ensuremath{'}}:{4}^{\ensuremath{'}},{1}^{\ensuremath{''}}:{4}^{\ensuremath{''}},{1}^{\ensuremath{'''}}$-quaterphenyl]-$4,{4}^{\ensuremath{'''}}$-diamine (4P-NPD) incorporated in organic light-emitting diodes is presented. An appropriate method to measure the triplet diffusion length in fluorescent host materials is the spatial separation of the site of exciton generation from the site of radiative triplet decay by inserting a host spacer layer of varying thickness. However, cavity effects, the quenching and blocking of excitons at the boundaries of the spacer layer, and direct charge-carrier recombination in the sensing layer need to be taken into account. We use a specially designed layer stack, which excludes the influence of cavity effects on the measurements and a strongly quenching sensing layer, which ensures well-defined boundary conditions. The quenching of excitons by the sensing layer, the generation zone, and direct charge-carrier recombination are investigated experimentally and their influence on the extracted diffusion length are discussed. The significance of triplet-triplet annihilation in this analysis is estimated by a current-dependent evaluation. An analytic model for the dependence of the sensing layer emission on the spacer thickness is presented, which includes the important effects. By this means, we find a triplet diffusion length of $11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\text{ }\text{nm}$ in 4P-NPD.
Power reduction techniques for an OFDM burst synchronization core (2003)

The design of the synchronization circuitry constitutes a challenging task in the implementation of a OFDM modem for packet-oriented applications. This paper discusses the suitability and efficiency of low power techniques for the design of a burst-mode OFDM synchronization unit. The architecture and system-level simulations refer to the parameters defined for a HiperLAN/2 environment model. The target technology for the VLSI hardware realization is a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Histone Methylation Patterns Are Cell-Type Specific in Human Monocytes and Lymphocytes and Well Maintained at Core Genes (2008)

Different immune cells are expected to have unique, obligatory, and stable epigenomes for cell-specific functions. Histone methylation is recognized as a major layer of the cellular epigenome. However, the discovery of histone demethylases raises questions about the stability of histone methylation and its role in the epigenome. In this study, we used chromatin-immunoprecipitation combined with microarrays to map histone H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9Me2) patterns in gene coding and CpG island regions in human primary monocytes and lymphocytes. This chromosomal mark showed consistent distribution patterns in either monocytes or lymphocytes from multiple volunteers despite age or gender, but the pattern in monocytes was clearly distinct from lymphocytes of the same population. Gene Set Enrichment analysis, a bioinformatics tool, revealed that H3K9Me2 candidate genes are enriched in many tightly controlled signaling and cell-type specific pathways. These results demonstrate that monocytes and lymphocytes have distinct epigenomes and H3K9Me2 may play regulatory roles in the transcription of genes indispensable for maintaining immune responses and cell-type specificity.
Design and Implementation for Mobile Multimedia Terminal Based on DVB-IPDC (2009)

DVB-IPDC is a standard on IP-based mobile TV service platform for integration of current digital broadcasting network and mobile communications network to provide integrated digital media services.In essence,DVB-IPDC technical framework is composed of a series of application specifications.Based on the introduction of the technical framework,a design and implementation program of a mobile multimedia terminal is presented.The architecture of a prototype system is described briefly,and the key issues and business processes of the implementation are discussed and analyzed emphatically.Through the prototype system,the feasibility of the program can be confirmed.
Mesoporous FePO[sub 4] with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance as Cathode Materials of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2005)

is an attractive cathode material for lithium batteries, but its practical capacity is limited by the poor lithium intercalation∕deintercalation kinetics. In this paper, a mesoporous structure has been imported into to improve the kinetics by a modified surfactant template method. Electrochemical tests showed that mesoporous fired at with molar ratio 0.039 delivered at 0.1C and at 3C, which was higher than that of reported amorphous and crystalline . These results help to understand the role of mesostructure in electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Size-dependent magnetic and inductive heating properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles: scaling laws across the superparamagnetic size (2018)

An efficient heat activating mediator with an enhanced specific absorption rate (SAR) value is attained via control of the iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle size from 3 to 32 nm. Monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized via a seed-less thermolysis technique using oleylamine and oleic acid as the multifunctionalizing agents (surfactant, solvent and reducing agent). The inductive heating properties as a function of particle size reveal a strong increase in the SAR values with increasing particle size up to 28 nm. In particular, the SAR values of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (>16 nm) are strongly enhanced with the increase of ac magnetic field amplitude than that for the superparamagnetic (3-16 nm) nanoparticles. The enhanced SAR values in the ferromagnetic regime are attributed to the synergistic contribution from the hysteresis and susceptibility loss. Specifically, the 28 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit an enhanced SAR value of 801 W g-1 which is nearly an order higher than that of the commercially available nanoparticles.
A Structural Ceramic Diesel Engine-The Critical Elements (1987)

A structural ceramic diesel engine has the potential to provide low heat rejection and significant improvements in fuel economy. Analytical and experimental evaluations were conducted on the critical elements of this engine. The structural ceramic components, which included the cylinder, piston and pin, operated successfully in a single cylinder engine for over 100 hours. The potential for up to 8-11% improvement in indicated specific fuel consumption was projected when corrections for blow-by were applied. The ringless piston with gas squeeze film lubrication avoided the difficulty with liquid lubricants in the high temperature piston/cylinder area. The resulting reduction in friction was projected to provide an additional 15% improvement in brake specific fuel consumption for a multi-cylinder engine at light loads.
Scaling of Vorticity Flux and Entrance Length Effects in Zero-Net Mass-Flux Devices (2005)

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are used to examine the vorticity flux and slot entrance effects in zero-net mass-flux devices. The simulations allow us to extract a simple scaling law for the vorticity flux which provides insight into the relative importance of the various operational parameters. In addition to this, a semi-analytical model is proposed in order to determine the pressure loss across an orifice or slot for oscillatory flows. A key parameter in this model is the normalized entrance length and numerical simulations are used to determine the variation of this parameter with the jet Strouhal number.
Thermal Management of a Stacked-Die Package in a Handheld Electronic Device Using Passive Solutions (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Various passive thermal management schemes are discussed for a high power component in a handheld electronic device. The validated package and system thermal model based on JEDEC standards and a cell phone mock-up testing were used for the extensive analysis. Also the empirical data was collected to validate thermal improvement predicted by computational fluid dynamics analysis. By using the validated thermal model, the design cycle and time-to-market can be significantly reduced. </para>
Air deployment of satellite‐tracked drifters (1980)

Six free‐drifting buoys tracked by the Nimbus 6 satellite were successfully launched by C‐130 aircraft in a series of deployments during 1977–1979. The buoys were launched in Gulf Stream rings which had been identified with airborne XBT surveys and satellite infrared images. This is the first operational test of these air‐deployable buoys.
Progranmable Pneumatic Generator for Manipulation of Intrathoracic Pressure (1987)

The determination that blood can move during cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of imposed changes in intrathoracic pressure has led to the construction and testing of mechanical devices for increasing intrathoracic pressure fluctuations over those obtained by manual means. These mechanical systems have required high-pressure ventilation simultaneous with compression of the chest to augment blood flow. Their usefulness has been limited, however, because of the requirement for endotracheal intubation and complex devices. Similar systems have also been used to generate intrathoracic pressure changes timed to the cardiac cycle to aid the failing, but beating, heart. A system was developed that can produce high intrathoracic pressure without simultaneous ventilation by using a vest that is placed around the thorax. The vest contains a bladder that is rapidly inflated and deflated by the programmable pneumatic generator. Air flows into and out of the bladder by the proper sequencing of large-bore three-way and two-way solenoid valves that are connected in series. A microcomputer-based controller is used to sequence the valves. The programmable pneumatic generator inflates the bladder more rapidly and to higher pressures than previous systems. The programmable pneumatic generator has been used in studies of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (heart arrested) and circulatory assistance (heart beating, but function depressed).
Tailoring the exchange bias via shape anisotropy in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic exchange-coupled systems (2003)

The magnetic behavior of Fe lines on top of a continuous FeF${}_{2}$ antiferromagnetic layer was investigated as a function of the orientation of the lines with respect to the applied magnetic field and a unidirectional anisotropy established by field cooling. The orientational dependence of the asymmetric loop shift, called exchange bias, shows that the competition between shape and unidirectional anisotropies modifies the exchange bias and the coercivity. Remarkably, in certain cases, exchange bias can be observed even when the applied field is perpendicular to the unidirectional anisotropy. Numerical simulations with a coherent rotation model illustrate a rich phase diagram, which originates from the noncollinearity of the involved anisotropies. Using this phase diagram, exchange bias and coercivity can be predictably tailored. In particular, different preferred magnetization directions can be designed in separately patterned structures of the same sample with identical preparation and magnetic history.
Studies on the mechanism of action of the flavoenzyme lactate oxidase. Proton uptake and release during the binding of transition state analogs. (1977)

Oxalate and malonate have been found to bind to the flavoenzyme, lactate oxidase, in a two-step equilibrium process. The dissociation constant for the first step is of the order of lo power -2 M, and is independent of pH. The second step equilibrium is on the other hand directly proportional to [H+] due to the second forward step, which is a second order reaction involving proton uptake. The reverse of this step is a first order reaction involving proton release, and consequently is independent of pH. Simultaneous measurement of proton uptake and formation of the enzyme. oxalate complex show that the rate of proton uptake is coincident with the large spectral changes occurring on binding, with the stoichiometry of one proton uptake per equivalent of enzyme-bound flavin. These results give strong support to the concept that oxalate and malonate are transition state analogs of a carbanion form of the substrate, formed in an early step in the enzyme reaction mechanism. The enzyme base responsible for abstraction of the proton from the (α-carbon of the substrate is postulated to be the same one which is protonated (from the medium) in the second step of binding of oxalate and malonate, to form the transition state equivalent to that occurring with the substrate carbanion in catalysis. The pK of this group has been determined as 4.7, and is shifted to 8.2 and 9.8 on binding with malonate and oxalate, respectively. These pK shifts represent stabilizations of ~5 and ~7 kcal/mole of the enzyme inhibitor complexes. These findings offer strong support for the intermediate involvement of a substrate carbanion in catalysis.