gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring a Bacteriochlorin Building Block with Cationic, Amphipathic, or Lipophilic Substituents (2008)

Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of diverse medical indications owing to their strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, but their use has been stymied by lack of access to stable, synthetically malleable molecules. To overcome these limitations, a synthetic free base 3,13-dibromobacteriochlorin (BC-Br(3)Br(13)) has been exploited as a building block in the synthesis of diverse bacteriochlorins via Pd-mediated coupling reactions (Sonogashira, Suzuki, and reductive carbonylation). Each bacteriochlorin is stable to adventitious dehydrogenation by virtue of the presence of a geminal dimethyl group in each pyrroline ring. The target bacteriochlorins bear cationic, lipophilic, or amphipathic substituents at the 3- and 13- (beta-pyrrolic) positions. A dicarboxybacteriochlorin was converted to amide derivatives via the intermediate diacid chloride. A diformylbacteriochlorin was subjected to reductive amination to give aminomethyl derivatives. A set of 3,5-disubstituted aryl groups bearing lipophilic or amphipathic groups was introduced via Suzuki coupling. Altogether 22 free base bacteriochlorins have been prepared. Eight aminoalkylbacteriochlorins were quaternized with methyl iodide at two or four amine sites per molecule, which resulted in water solubility. Each bacteriochlorin exhibits a Q(y) absorption band in the range of 720-772 nm. The ability to introduce a wide variety of peripheral functional groups makes these bacteriochlorins attractive candidates for diverse applications in photomedicine including PDT in the NIR region.
A new approach to accelerate readout segmented EPI with compressed sensing (2019)

VASE RESOLVE is a new approach to further decrease the acquisition time of RO segmented acquisitions. Compared to RESOLVE with SMS, VASE RESOLVE additionally reduces the acquisition time by a factor of 2.
CORRESPONDENCE (1969)

Journal Article CORRESPONDENCE Get access ELIZABETH FIELD ELIZABETH FIELD Home Office Research Unit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 1969, Page 104, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a049193 Published: 01 January 1969
Preliminary design of a long-endurance Mars aircraft (1990)

The preliminary design requirements of a long endurance aircraft capable of flight within the Martian environment was determined. Both radioisotope/heat engine and PV solar array power production systems were considered. Various cases for each power system were analyzed in order to determine the necessary size, weight and power requirements of the aircraft. The analysis method used was an adaptation of the method developed by Youngblood and Talay of NASA-Langley used to design a high altitude earth based aircraft. The analysis is set up to design an aircraft which, for the given conditions, has a minimum wingspan and maximum endurance parameter. The results showed that, for a first approximation, a long endurance aircraft is feasible within the Martian environment. The size and weight of the most efficient solar aircraft were comparable to the radioisotope powered one.
Chicken Egg Antibodies for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Intestinal Diseases (1990)

Large quantities of specific egg antibodies can be produced with little effort by immunization of laying hens. Several antibody containing egg preparations were subjected to a tenacity test against digestive activity taking piglets with artificial jejunum fistulas as a model. Even with high doses of orally administered yolk lyophilisate no antibody activity could be found in the distal jejunum. The additional feeding of egg white, however, showed a significant protective effect on the yolks antibodies during the digestive act. No difference between egg white of immunized hens and egg white of unimmunized hens could be detected. Buffering the acidic gastric environment with sodium bicarbonate increased the antibody activity in the intestine by an average of 40%. Eggs administered in hot (70 degrees C) beef stock had higher antibody titers than eggs that were boiled for 4 minutes. Tenacity in antibodies fed in pellets was significantly lower than in powdered feed.
A Resposta Funcional e o Efeito Antiinflamatório do Exercício Físico na Insuficiência Cardíaca (2008)

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome clínica complexa que pode resultar de várias anormalidades estruturais e funcionais do coração. As principais manifestações clínicas da IC são a fadiga e a dispnéia, responsáveis pela intolerância ao exercício e pela diminuição da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida nesses pacientes. As alterações estruturais, funcionais e metabólicas dos sistemas músculo-esquelético, respiratório e nervoso, em conjunto com as alterações inflamatórias e o estresse oxidativo, relacionam-se à intolerância ao exercício. Experiências indicam que a prática regular de atividade física pode ser um eficiente agente terapêutico de auxílio ao tratamento da IC. Os benefícios dos programas de reabilitação cardíaca em pacientes com síndrome clínica de IC estão amplamente documentados na literatura científica internacional, cabendo destacar a melhora da capacidade para o exercício físico e para as atividades diárias, da qualidade de vida, do consumo de oxigênio, da mortalidade, da função ventricular esquerda, do estado pró-inflamatório e do estresse oxidativo.
Progress on molten carbonate fuel cell alternative cathodes. [LiFeO/sub 2/; Li/sub 2/MnO/sub 3/] (1986)

Li/sub 2/MnO/sub 3/ and LiFeO/sub 2/ have been developed to the point that they should perform well in a cell. The cathode microstructure is of critical importance in obtaining good performance with these materials whose resistances are higher than NiO. Several methods have been developed to provide the dual porosity materials for fabrication of the required cathode structure for cell testing.
Comparative spectroscopic study of the modification of cellulosic materials with different coupling agents (2000)

The reactions of two cellulosic materials (an industrial cellulosic by-product from a Kraft pulp mill facility and a reference material) with three coupling agents, used to improve compatibility between cellulosic reinforcements and thermoplastic matrices, were studied by diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A maleated polypropylene wax (Epolene E-43™) and two silanes (N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane) were used as coupling agents. The two cellulosic materials reacted in a similar way and the three coupling agents were covalently bonded to the cellulose. For the aminosilane, a reaction with cellulose involving a fraction of the amino groups was detected. A simple method, based on the analysis of the oxidation kinetics of treated and untreated materials, was developed to compare the degree of cellulose modification achieved by each coupling agent. The analysis revealed that a reduced fraction of the cellulose reactive groups was converted by esterification with the maleated polypropylene. However, when applied in the appropriate conditions, the two silanes converted most of such cellulose reactive groups. Finally, the reaction of cellulose with mixtures of coupling agents was studied. The aminosilane-treated cellulose reacted with the maleated polypropylene with formation of amide links. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 256–266, 2000
Cased Hole Exploration: Modern Pulsed Neutron Techniques for Locating By-Passed Hydrocarbons in Old Wells (1996)

Abstract Many Permian Basin fields are considered "mature", with some of these fields almost depleted and/or undergoing water or CO2: flooding. Operators are being faced with decisions to P&A or to recomplete in other zones, often with inadequate data. Unfortunately, many of these wells were logged before modem porosity logs were available. In other wells, for various reasons, the entire well was not logged. The integration of modem pulsed neutron technologies1 can. however, provide the operator with reservoir parameters from inside casing. For porosity, pulsed neutron systems can make a thermal neutron ratio porosity' (RPHI) similar in response to the compensated neutron. Pulse neutron systems can also be used to make a new type of porosity (IPHI) derived from gamma rays created by inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. IPHI is similar in response to an open hole density and can be crossplotted with RPHI to help identify lithology changes and differentiate tight zones from gas. The crossplotted porosity also helps compensate for lithology and gas effects, and to some extent for some variations in near wellbore environment. The crossplotted porosity can then be used with sigma and/or CATO2 to determine water saturation.
Position-Based Jamming for Enhanced Wireless Secrecy (2011)

Signal interference and packet collisions are typically viewed as negative factors that hinder wireless communication networks. When security is the primary concern, signal interference may actually be very helpful. Starting with a stochastic network model, we are able to show that packet collisions caused by jamming nodes can indeed be used effectively to attain new levels of secrecy in multiterminal wireless environments. To this effect, we propose a practical jamming protocol that uses the well-known request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) handshake of the IEEE 802.11 standard as a signaling scheme. Various jammer selection strategies are investigated depending on the position of source, destination, and jamming nodes. The goal is to cause as much interference as possible to eavesdroppers that are located in unknown positions, while limiting the interference observed by the legitimate receiver. To evaluate the performance of each strategy, we introduce and compute a measure for the secure throughput. Our results show that jamming can increase the levels of secrecy significantly albeit at a substantial cost in terms of energy efficiency.
Non-uniform sampling in wavelet subspaces (1999)

It is well known that the Shannon (1949) sampling theorem can be put into a wavelet context. But it has also been shown that for most wavelets, a sampling theorem for the associated subspaces exists. There is even a non-uniform sampling theorem as in the Shannon case. In general the bounds on the deviations from uniform are not as easy to specify in this case. No simple Kadec 1/4 theorem holds except in special cases (such as the Franklin case where the bound is 1/2). For a particular class, the Meyer (1990) wavelets, which are bandlimited but with a smooth spectrum, a similar bound is sometimes obtainable. Unfortunately, it is much smaller that 1/4.
Level of HER2/neu gene amplification as a predictive factor of response to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (2008)

To explore the clinical significance of the level of HER2/neu gene amplification in a homogenous cohort of 33 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and available tumor samples treated with a trastuzumab-based regimen, we retrospectively performed dual-color fluorescence in-situ hybridization test and correlated them for each patient with time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). We obtained values of HER2/chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) ratio ranging from 2.5 to 21 (median 7.2). At the Cox model there is indication that patients whose tumors have high-level HER2/CEP17 ratio have shorter TTP and OS than those with lower ratio, when treated with a trastuzumab-based regimen. Correlations do not reach the limits of statistical significance but no formal sample size calculation was performed due to the explorative nature of the study. If confirmed in larger cohorts of patients, HER2/CEP17 ratio could represent a reliable and economical predictor of response to trastuzumab-based therapy in MBC.
Handwritten music notation recognition using HMM &#x2014; a non-gestural approach (2010)

We investigate the recognition of handwritten musical notation using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). In a non-gestural approach, handwritten musical notation is entered naturally via a pen tablet as we would do using pen and paper. A sequence of observed ink patterns representing musical symbols is captured and used to construct different HMM models. The proposed approach exploits both global and local information derived from ink patterns which we have demonstrated the exploitation of this information via different features employed in different HMMs. The specificity and sensitivity measures of these different classification models are compared using unseen test sets. The experiment shows that using non-gestural method is a very good approach to obtain handwritten music notation input, as it is most natural and does not require user training. It is also shown that HMM is very suitable to be used as the classifier in this domain, showing very high recognition rates. Additionally, the experimental results also concluded that models from HMMs with more hidden states also outperform the HMM with a lesser number of hidden states since a larger model has more capacity. The results also suggest that HMMs offer flexibility in encoding useful knowledge in the models.
Effects of Radar Interference on LTE Base Station Receiver Performance (2013)

In response to proposals to introduce new radio systems into 3550–3650 MHz radio spectrum in the United States, the authors have performed measurements and analysis on effects of interference from a variety of radar waveforms to the performance of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) base station receiver. This work has been prompted by the possibility that LTE base station receivers may eventually share spectrum with radar operations in this spectrum range. The base station receiver that was tested used time division duplex (TDD) modulation. Radar pulse parameters used in this testing spanned the range of both existing and anticipated future radar systems in the 3100–3650 MHz spectrum range. LTE base station receiver data throughput rates, block error rates (BLER), and internal noise levels have been measured as functions of radar pulse parameters and the incident power level of radar pulses in the base station receiver. The authors do not determine the acceptability of radar interference effects on LTE base station performance. Rather, these data are presented for the use of spectrum managers and engineers who can use this information as a building block in the construction of frequency-and-distance separation curves for radar transmitters and LTE base station receivers, supporting possible future spectrum sharing at 3.5 GHz. Note: This report was reissued in May 2014 to correct the duty cycles of four radar interference waveforms that were misstated in the original version of this report. The error was due to a mistake in the equations on page 8, now corrected, in which a pulse repetition rate (PRR) variable was used instead of a pulse repetition interval (PRI) variable. The waveforms’ pulse widths, pulse repetition rates, and chirp bandwidths were correctly reported.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Diethylstilbestrol versus Tamoxifen in Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Cancer (1981)

Before the introduction of tamoxifen, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely considered to be the hormonal treatment of choice in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. We performed a randomized clinical trial of these two agents to determine their relative efficacy and toxicity. The trial involved 143 evaluable patients, of whom 99 had received no prior systemic therapy and 44 had received previous chemotherapy. The regression rates (complete plus partial) were higher in patients receiving DES (41 per cent) than in those receiving tamoxifen (33 per cent), but not significantly so (P = 0.37). In patients who had had no prior systemic therapy, the rates were 44 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively (P = 0.55), and in those who had had previous chemotherapy, 32 per cent vs. 23 per cent (P = 0.50). Analysis of the time until treatment failure for the two treatment groups showed no significant difference (medians: DES, 142 days; tamoxifen, 171 days). Toxicity was greater in patients receiving DES; nine of 74 patients (12 per cent) discontinued therapy solely because of adverse reactions. Since there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy and since tamoxifen was less toxic, tamoxifen appears to be the preferred agent.
Threshold Cryptography-based Group Authentication (TCGA) scheme for the Internet of Things (IoT) (2014)

Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm where the devices around us (persistent and non-persistent) are connected to each other to provide seamless communication, and contextual services. In the IoT, each device cannot be authenticated in the short time due to unbounded number of devices. Equally, it is difficult to get receipt of their authentication request at the same time. Therefore, secure, and efficient group authentication scheme is required that authenticates a group of devices at once in the context of resource constrained IoT. This paper presents novel Threshold Cryptography-based Group Authentication (TCGA) scheme for the IoT which verifies authenticity of all the devices taking part in the group communication. The proposed TCGA scheme is implemented for WIFI environment, and the result shows that TCGA scheme is lightweight, and alleviates the effect of battery exhaustion attack. This paper also presents time analysis, and formal security analysis of TCGA scheme which shows that the proposed TCGA scheme is safe from the replay, man-in-the-middle attack, and is scalable in nature.
Analysis of amino acid, fatty acid, and vitamin in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seeds. (1990)

잣종자의 영양분(營養分) 함량(含量)을 알기위하여 일반분석(一般分析), 아미노산(酸) 분석(分析), 지방산(脂肪酸) 분석(分析), 비타민 분석(分析)을 행하였다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約) 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반분석(一般分析)에서 잣종자에 함유(含有)된 수분(水分)은 4.4%, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 18.3%, 조지방(粗...
Ion Trap Collisional Activation of c and z<sup>•</sup> Ions Formed via Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Electron-Transfer Dissociation (2007)

A series of c- and z*-type product ions formed via gas-phase electron-transfer ion/ion reactions between protonated polypeptides with azobenzene radical anions are subjected to ion trap collision activation in a linear ion trap. Fragment ions including a-, b-, y-type and ammonia-loss ions are typically observed in collision induced dissociation (CID) of c ions, showing almost identical CID patterns as those of the C-terminal amidated peptides consisting of the same sequences. Collisional activation of z* species mainly gives rise to side-chain losses and peptide backbone cleavages resulting in a-, b-, c-, x-, y-, and z-type ions. Most of the fragmentation pathways of z* species upon ion trap CID can be accounted for by radical driven processes. The side-chain losses from z* species are different from the small losses observed from the charge-reduced peptide molecular species in electron-transfer dissociation (ETD), which indicates rearrangement of the radical species. Characteristic side-chain losses are observed for several amino acid residues, which are useful to predict their presence in peptide/protein ions. Furthermore, the unique side-chain losses from leucine and isoleucine residues allow facile distinction of these two isomeric residues.
Association of Genetic Ancestry with Breast Cancer in Ethnically Diverse Women from Chicago (2014)

Non-European genetic ancestry was associated with later stage at diagnosis in ethnic minorities. The relation between genetic ancestry and stage at diagnosis may be due to genetic factors and/or unmeasured environmental factors that are overrepresented within certain racial/ethnic groups.
The absorption spectra and the substantivity to cotton of Congo Red and related structures (1958)

F. H. Holmes, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 1166 DOI: 10.1039/TF9585401166
Ionospheric specification algorithms for precise GPS‐based aircraft navigation (2001)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is implementing an aircraft navigation scheme for the United States using the Global Positioning System (GPS) L 1 signal (1575.42 MHz). To achieve position accuracies of a few meters, sufficient to allow precision airfield approaches, it will be necessary to broadcast corrections to the direct GPS signal. A significant component of these corrections is the delay in the GPS signal introduced by its propagation through the ionosphere. Ionospheric delay corrections will be derived using a ground network of at least 24 dual‐frequency GPS receivers distributed across the continental United States. This network is part of the FAA's wide area augmentation system (WAAS) and will provide real‐time total electron content (TEC) measurements. We present a technique for converting these TECs into gridded vertical delay corrections at the GPS L 1 frequency, which will be broadcast to users every 5 min via geosynchronous satellite. Users will convert these delays to slant corrections for their own particular lines of sight to GPS satellites. To preserve user safety, estimates of the error in the user delay corrections will also be broadcast. However, the error algorithm must not resort to excessive safety margins as this reduces the expected accuracy, and thus utility, of the navigation system. Here we describe an error algorithm and its dependence on various factors, such as user location with respect to the WAAS ground network and ionospheric conditions.
Quantum speed limit for thermal states (2021)

Quantum speed limits are rigorous estimates on how fast a state of a quantum system can depart from the initial state in the course of quantum evolution. Most known quantum speed limits, including the celebrated Mandelstam-Tamm and Margolus-Levitin ones, are general bounds applicable to arbitrary initial states. However, when applied to mixed states of many-body systems, they, as a rule, dramatically overestimate the speed of quantum evolution and fail to provide meaningful bounds in the thermodynamic limit. Here we derive a quantum speed limit for a closed system initially prepared in a thermal state and evolving under a time-dependent Hamiltonian. This quantum speed limit exploits the structure of the thermal state and, in particular, explicitly depends on the temperature. In a broad class of many-body setups it proves to be drastically stronger than general quantum speed limits.
Discovery of selective small-molecule HDAC6 inhibitor for overcoming proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma (2016)

Multiple myeloma (MM) has proven clinically susceptible to modulation of pathways of protein homeostasis. Blockade of proteasomal degradation of polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) achieves responses and prolongs survival in MM, but long-term treatment with BTZ leads to drug-resistant relapse in most patients. In a proof-of-concept study, we previously demonstrated that blocking aggresomal breakdown of polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins with the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor tubacin enhances BTZ-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells in vitro. However, these foundational studies were limited by the pharmacologic liabilities of tubacin as a chemical probe with only in vitro utility. Emerging from a focused library synthesis, a potent, selective, and bioavailable HDAC6 inhibitor, WT161, was created to study the mechanism of action of HDAC6 inhibition in MM alone and in combination with BTZ. WT161 in combination with BTZ triggers significant accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and cell stress, followed by caspase activation and apoptosis. More importantly, this combination treatment was effective in BTZ-resistant cells and in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells, which have been shown to mediate MM cell drug resistance. The activity of WT161 was confirmed in our human MM cell xenograft mouse model and established the framework for clinical trials of the combination treatment to improve patient outcomes in MM.