gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically small antenna tuning techniques (2009)

Cognitive radio systems require antennas and microwave components to be actively tuned for different parts of the frequency spectrum. In this paper results of a study of three antenna tuning techniques are presented here. The first tunable antenna is a liquid crystal (LC) tuned microstrip patch antenna operating in the 2 GHz range. The simulated tuning range is 8% while the measurements showed a range of 3.8%. Losses in the LC material at these frequencies give rise to antenna efficiencies ranging from 25% to around 7% when the LC is in the unbiased state. The second antenna is a reconfigurable PIFA which is able to cover 7 frequency bands by controlling the combination of 4 MEMS switches mounted on the radiator. The third antenna is a dual-port antenna which is comprised of two capacitive-fed plates sharing one lower-band patch, operating for 5 mobile phone bands.
<title>A Real-Time Video Tracking System</title> (1979)

Real-time pattern recognition as applied to 2-D imagery has been limited to trivial or near trivial algorithms due to the severe constraints on processing speed and information bandwidth. Object identification and tracking applications of pattern recognition at video rates is a problem of wide interest, with previous attempts limited to very simple threshold or correlation (restricted window) methods. New high-speed algorithms together with fast digital hardware have produced a system for missile and aircraft identification and tracking that possesses an "intelligence" that far exceeds previously implemented real-time tracking capabilities. Adaptive statistical clustering and projection based classification algorithms are applied in real time to identify and track objects that change in appearance through complex and nonstationary background/foreground situations. Fast estimation and prediction algorithms combine linear and quadratic estimators to provide speed and sensitivity. Weights are determined to provide a measure of confidence in the data and resulting decisions. Strategies based on maximizing the probability of maintaining track are developed. This paper emphasizes the theoretical aspects of the system and discusses the techniques used to achieve real-time implementation.
The effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of liquid iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide and bromine trifluoride (1989)

The electrical conductivities of the pure liquids iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide and bromine trifluoride have been measured at temperatures up to 177 °C and pressures to 100 MPa (1 kbar). In all cases the conductivity increased with pressure at constant temperature. At constant density, the conductivity always increased with temperature, but the behaviour at constant pressure was more complex; ICl and IBr showed conductivity maxima, and the other liquids had negative temperature coefficients of conductivity. These variations are attributed mainly to corresponding displacements in self-ionisation equilibria of the type AB ⇌ A++ B–(where the ions produced may be solvated by the molecular substance). Attempts to account for the measured pressure coefficients using a model based on the Born equation for the free energy of solvation were only qualitatively successful. Better agreement could be obtained if it was assumed that the charges in these liquids are delocalised over a volume containing ca. 100 molecules, as has previously been suggested by Ludwig et al. It is also likely that a part of the increase in conductivity with pressure observed for liquid iodine is due to an increase in the mobility of I– with pressure.
Reactions with Aziridines, XXXII[1]. Mechanistic Aspects in Nucleophilic Opening of Three‐Membered Rings. Alcoholyses of Activated Aziridines (1986)

Abstract Nucleophilic ring opening of three‐membered rings is discussed in terms of leaving group basicity. Reactions of activated (weakly basic leaving groups) 2,2‐dimethylaziridines 5 and 2‐phenylaziridines 6 with alcohols ROH are studied with reference to the site selectivity of ring opening and competing side‐reactions. Abnormal opening (at the substituted carbon) of 5 proceeds in neutral ROH without catalyst when the activation is strong (tosyl) whilst no reaction or mainly carbonyl attack is observed with weak activation (CONHAr). NaClO 4 catalyzes the abnormal opening of 5. EtO − gives exclusively normal opening of 5 whilst, in contrast to the literature, MeO − gives also a substantial amount of abnormal ether. Attack on 6 always occurs at both positions with the predominance of the abnormal reaction being greater for MeO − than for EtO − . These reactions are considered S N 2 with steric and benzylic differentiation between normal and abnormal attack depending on the size of ROH. Acid catalyzed openings of 5 and 6 proceed exclusively abnormally in the ether‐forming reaction as well as in side‐reactions. Competition experiments and increase of the side‐reactions with the size of ROH demonstrate a deceleration of the ether‐forming reaction with the size of ROH. Obviously, the side‐reactions originate from a carbenium ion whilst the ethers are mainly formed by a borderline mechanism. R(‐)6b and acidic MeOH give only 8% racemization in the abnormal ether. An order of activation is proposed for activated aziridines under acid catalysis (double activation).
Approximated Correlation Matrix and Pulse Prediction for Fast Algebraic Code-Excited LPC Speech Coders (2006)

With reducing computational complexity, an approximated correlation matrix of the vocal impulse response is proposed in algebraic-code-excited linear prediction (ACELP) coders. By exploring statistical characteristics, we only need to calculate a small portion of correlation coefficients before ACELP search procedure. If we further combine a pulse position prediction algorithm, we can reduce the arithmetic complexity in pre-computing autocorrelation matrix and the number of pulse position combinations with imperceptible degradation in speech quality performance. The proposed scheme can be applied to all ACELP coders such as ITU G.729 and G.723.1
Serodiagnosis of Invasive Amebiasis Using a Recombinant Entamoeba histolytica Protein (1991)

One hundred eight serum samples from 106 patients were examined by Western blot analysis for the presence of antibodies to a recombinant fusion protein containing the sequence of the newly described serine-rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP). Among patients with invasive amebiasis from Durban, Republic of South Africa; San Diego, Calif; Mexico City, Mexico; and St Louis, Mo, 53 (82%) of 65 had antibodies to SREHP. In contrast, only one patient (2%) of 43 without acute invasive amebiasis had antibodies to SREHP. The predictive value of a positive test for anti-SREHP antibodies in the detection of acute invasive amebiasis was most marked when analyzed in the patients from Durban, where 11 (92%) of 12 patients who were seropositive for SREHP had acute invasive amebiasis vs 17 (65%) of 26 patients who had a positive serologic diagnosis as determined by agar gel diffusion. The use of a serologic test based on the recombinant SREHP fusion protein may be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of acute invasive amebiasis in endemic regions.
Simple synthesis of enolate complexes of titanocene and zirconocene. Molecular structure of Cp2Ti(OC2H3)2 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple synthesis of enolate complexes of titanocene and zirconocene. Molecular structure of Cp2Ti(OC2H3)2M. David Curtis, S. Thanedar, and W. M. ButlerCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 12, 1855–1859Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00090a013https://doi.org/10.1021/om00090a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Placental bed biopsies in placental abruption (1992)

Vascular malformations in association with placental abruption may be the result of trophoblastic invasion and could be the site of vessel rupture. Further descriptive and comparative studies are needed.
Boron‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

A metal-free electrocatalyst has been developed by doping carbon nanotubes with electron-deficient boron. The good performance in the oxygen reduction reaction originates from the enhanced O2 chemisorption and effective utilization of π electrons in the conjugated carbon from the boron doping, as revealed by DFT calculations.
A finesse-enhanced Er-doped-fiber ring resonator (1991)

A two-coupler-type Er-doped-fiber ring resonator that compensates for the round-trip optical loss by optical amplification is proposed. Also proposed is a mode-filtered heterodyne method for resonant-linewidth measurements which does not demand narrow-linewidth light sources, but uses the beat noise between two uncorrelated lights filtered by the resonator passband. With this method, a finesse >or=500 and a resonant linewidth <or=17 kHz were confirmed from the Er-doped fiber ring resonator. The ring resonator was operated as a high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer.<<ETX>>
Location and time based reminder system on Android mobile device (2016)

The increase of human activities has lead to the need for an activity reminder system. Nowdays, a mobile device has become a daily communication device. An activity reminder system that runs on a mobile device is more advantageous because the user does not need any additional device. Mobile device can be accessed anytime and anywhere. In this paper, an activity reminder system based on location and time has been proposed. The reminder system uses the venue on Foursquare and Google map. By using this reminder system, a notification will be given to the user when the user's location is detected either near the venue or when the time in is close to the time of the activity.
Dose Equivalent Measurement for Thermal Neutrons and Gamma Rays with a Small BGO Scintillator Connected to an Optical Fibre (1991)

Journal Article Dose Equivalent Measurement for Thermal Neutrons and Gamma Rays with a Small BGO Scintillator Connected to an Optical Fibre Get access T. Matsumoto T. Matsumoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 35, Issue 4, 1 April 1991, Pages 241–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080954 Published: 01 April 1991
Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography Employing <i>p-</i>(Carboxyethyl)calix[<i>n</i>]arenes as Running Buffer Additives (1997)

Calixarenes, a class of macrocyclic phenolic compounds with a basket-like shape, are used as capillary electrophoresis reagents for separations of native and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The p-(carboxyethyl)calix[n]arenes reported herein are a series of charged, moderately water soluble macrocyclic molecules that can form complexes with neutral molecules. Electrokinetic chromatographic separations are based on the differential distribution of molecules between a running buffer phase, which is transported by electroosmotic flow, and an electrophoretically mediated calixarene. The size of the calixarene influences separation performance, illustrating the importance of cavity size and geometry in the complexation process. p-(Carboxyethyl)calix[7]arene provides the best efficiency (>10(5) plates/m) and selectivity in these studies. The influences of pH, organic solvent, and field strength on elution range, capacity factors, efficiency, and selectivity are also reported. In general, capacity factors are rather low, but the high charge-to-mass ratios of certain calixarenes produce relatively wide elution ranges. Molecular modeling data and solubility data are used to interpret the observed selectivity.
Evaluation of Phenytoin Dosage Regimens Based on Genotyping of CYP2C Subfamily in Routinely Treated Japanese Patients††Financial support: This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS). (2005)

Two research groups have reported the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 on the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin in Japanese epileptic patients. We measured the plasma phenytoin concentrations at steady-state in 20 routinely treated Japanese patients, and evaluated the usefulness of genotyping the CYP2C subfamily in predicting plasma concentrations and determining the dosage regimens of phenytoin. The plasma phenytoin concentrations predicted by genotypes of the CYP2C subfamily were well correlated with the observed concentrations in some patients, but not in some patients. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) in individual patients, which were obtained from population estimates according to Bayes' theorem, showed considerable interindividual variability even among patients with the same genotype. In addition, we assessed the effect of plasma protein binding on the residual interindividual variability in the clearance of phenytoin; however, there was no significant correlation between the unbound fraction and the intrinsic metabolic activity (Vmax/Km). These findings suggested that the mechanism responsible for the large variability in the clearance of phenytoin is not completely resolved, and that we should not overestimate the usefulness of genotyping the CYP2C subfamily in determining the dosage regimens of the drug.
Concentration of Cocaine and Metabolites in Plasma of Humans Following Intravenous Administration and Smoking of Cocaine (1992)

Plasma was obtained from 10 human subjects at various intervals after administration of two rapid doses of cocaine, either intravenously or by smoking, and multiple doses by smoking and intravenously. The plasma was analyzed for COC and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME). Plasma concentrations of COC were found to be dose-dependent. For patients receiving two successive doses of COC intravenously (IV) or by smoking (SM), the average half-life of COC was found to be between 38 and 39 minutes, regardless of the dose or route of administration. Considerable interindividual variation was observed. Multiple doses of both SM and IV COC were administered to three patients in a manner consistent with COC abuse. The maximum COC concentration observed was 1.2 mg/L following a total administration of 316 mg of COC over 90 min. Analysis of BE and EME confirmed that BE is the principle metabolite of COC in blood. All COC was accounted for by BE. EME, when present, did not exceed 5% of the BE concentration.
Minerals Handbook 1988–89 (1988)

A statistical handbook covering over 46 minerals with the latest figures and prices. The data covered includes world reserves, mine and refining production, secondary production, reserve/production ra
Development of Rule-Based Classifiers for Rapid Stability Assessment of Wide-Area Post-Disturbance Records (2009)

The paper proposes a systematic scheme for building compact and transparent fuzzy rule-based classifiers for rapid stability assessment; the classifiers are initialized by large accurate decision trees (DTs). The approach starts by selecting strategic monitoring buses where phasor measurement units (PMUs) are placed to capture wide-area response signals in real-time operation. These measurements are processed in the time and frequency domains for extracting selected decision features such as the peak spectral density of the angle, frequency and their dot product evaluated over the grid areas. These so-called wide-area severity indices (WASI) are reliable time-varying stability indicators that form the basis of an effective classification system. Large-size DTs are used to generate initial accurate classification boundaries for decision making as early as 1 s or 2 s after fault clearing. From the DT classification boundaries, fuzzy membership functions (MFs) are developed and the corresponding fuzzy rule base is formulated parsimoniously by eliminating redundant MFs and rules using a similarity measure. The resulting fuzzy-rule classifiers are successfully tested for system-wise and area-wise contingencies based on a large database of detailed simulations of the Hydro-Quebec grid and are further confirmed on actual measurements recorded with existing wide-area measurements (WAMS).
Chapter 13. Carbohydrates (1984)

J. Thiem, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1984, 81, 311 DOI: 10.1039/OC9848100311
Regulation of inflorescence architecture by cytokinins (2014)

In flowering plants, the arrangement of flowers on a stem becomes an inflorescence, and a huge variety of inflorescence architecture occurs in nature. Inflorescence architecture also affects crop yield. In simple inflorescences, flowers form on a main stem; by contrast, in compound inflorescences, flowers form on branched stems and the branching pattern defines the architecture of the inflorescence. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the regulation of inflorescence architecture by cytokinin plant hormones. Results in rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana show that although these two species have distinct inflorescence architectures, cytokinins have a common effect on inflorescence branching. Based on these studies, we discuss how cytokinins regulate distinct types of inflorescence architecture through their effect on meristem activities.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of a New Set of 2-Arylpyrazolo[3,4-<i>c</i>]quinoline Derivatives as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2000)

In a recent paper (Colotta et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 1158-1164) we reported the synthesis and adenosine receptor binding activity of two sets of 2-aryl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (A and B) some of which were potent and selective A(1) or A(3) antagonists. In this paper the synthesis of a set of 2-arylpyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ones 1-10, 4-amines 11-18, and 4-amino-substituted derivatives 19-35 are reported. The binding activity at bovine A(1) and A(2A) and human cloned A(3) adenosine receptors showed that (i) the substituent on the appended 2-phenyl ring could be used to modulate A(1) and A(3) affinity, (ii) the 4-amino group was necessary for A(1) and A(2A) binding activity, and (iii) a nuclear or extranuclear C=O proton acceptor at position 4 yielded potent and selective A(3) antagonists. These results are in agreement with those of the previously reported series A and B suggesting a similar adenosine receptor binding mode. In particular, the A(3) nanomolar affinity of 1-8, 31-33, and 35 confirms the hypothesis of the presence in the N-6 region of the adenosine A(3) subtype of a proton donor able to bind to a C=O proton acceptor at position 4.
Study on the degradation of carbon materials for electrocatalytic applications (2014)

Kohlenstoffmaterialien sind unentbehrlich in Energiespeicher- und Energieumwandlungs-systemen, da sie eine hohe elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit aufweisen, in einer großen strukturellen Vielfalt existieren und relativ niedrige Kosten verursachen. Obwohl die Anwendung von Kohlenstoffmaterialien aufgrund ihrer Vielseitigkeit zu einer gesteigerten Effektivität in elektrochemischen Anwendungen geführt hat, liefert sie bei den gewünschten Betriebsbedingungen durch die auftretende Kohlenstoffkorrosion noch nicht ihre maximale Effizienz. Thermodynamisch kann Kohlenstoff in wässrigem Milieu oberhalb von einem elektrochemischen Potential von 0.2 V - relativ zur reversiblen Wasserstoffelektrode (RHE) - elektrochemisch oxidiert werden. Daher ist die Zersetzung von Kohlenstoff sehr wahrscheinlich, wenn es als Elektrodenmaterial für die Sauerstoffentwicklung in der Wasserelektrolyse oberhalb von 1.23 V verwendet wird. Diese Doktorarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Untersuchung der elektrochemischen und thermisch oxidativen Degradation von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (CNTs). Es ist bekannt, dass die Seitenwände von CNTs besonders inert sind, wohingegen die offenen Enden und Defektstellen die aktiven Zentren für elektrochemische Reaktionen darstellen. Diese einzigartige Struktur der CNTs könnte die hohe Aktivität und Stabilität in elektrochemischen Anwendungen beeinflussen. In dieser Arbeit wurde die elektrochemische Oxidation von CNTs bei hohem anodischen Potential durchgeführt, bei dem sowohl Sauerstoffentwicklung als auch Kohlenstoffoxidierung gleichzeitig stattfinden. Für die thermische Oxidation wurden die CNTs bei einer hohen Temperatur behandelt, bei der die Verbrennung des Kohlenstoffs einsetzt. Die morphologischen und strukturellen Veränderungen während der oxidativen Zersetzung der CNTs wurden mittels Elektronenmikroskopie, Raman- und Infrarotspektroskopie verfolgt. Die Wirkung der Kohlenstoffzersetzung auf das elektrochemische Verhalten wurde mittels zyklischer Voltammetrie, linearer Voltammetrie und elektrochemischer Impedanz-Spektroskopie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Degradation von CNTs über die oxidative Entfernung von amorphem Kohlenstoff verläuft. Anschließend werden die graphitischen Wände angegriffen und in der Folge Defekte erzeugt. Bei der Oxidation von CNTs entsteht eine Vielzahl an sauerstoffhaltigen funktionellen Oberflächenspezies, deren Bildung einen Grenzwert erreicht, was zu einer Passivierung führt. Die Ergebnisse können den Weg für die Verwendung von kohlenstoffbasierten Katalysatoren in elektrochemischen Anwendungen, wie Wasserspaltung, regenerative Brennstoffzellen und Metall-Luft Batterien ebnen.
Growth and characterization of 3C–SiC and 2H–AlN/GaN films and devices produced on step-free 4H–SiC mesa substrates (2007)

While previously published experimental results have shown that the step-free (0 0 0 1) 4H–SiC mesa growth surface uniquely enables radical improvement of 3C–SiC and 2H–AlN/GaN heteroepitaxial film quality (>100-fold reduction in extended defect densities), important aspects of the step-free mesa heterofilm growth processes and resulting electronic device benefits remain to be more fully elucidated. This paper reviews and updates recent ongoing studies of 3C–SiC and 2H–AlN/GaN heteroepilayers grown on top of 4H–SiC mesas. For both 3C–SiC and AlN/GaN films nucleated on 4H–SiC mesas rendered completely free of atomic-scale surface steps, TEM studies reveal that relaxation of heterofilm strain arising from in-plane film/substrate lattice constant mismatch occurs in a remarkably benign manner that avoids formation of threading dislocations in the heteroepilayer. In particular, relaxation appears to occur via nucleation and inward lateral glide of near-interfacial dislocation half-loops from the mesa sidewalls. Preliminary studies of homojunction diodes implemented in 3C-SiC and AlN/GaN heterolayers demonstrate improved electrical performance compared with much more defective heterofilms grown on neighbouring stepped 4H–SiC mesas. Recombination-enhanced dislocation motion known to degrade forward-biased 4H–SiC bipolar diodes has been completely absent from our initial studies of 3C–SiC diodes, including diodes implemented on defective 3C–SiC heterolayers grown on stepped 4H–SiC mesas.