gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress and magnetic properties in high moment FeN thin films (1996)

Single layer FeN films with low coercivity and low residual stress were prepared on Corning 0211 glass and Si substrates using rf diode sputtering without postannealing. Substrates and a small amount of nitrogen in the film had a significant effect on the magnetic properties and residual stress of FeN films. The residual stress in the pure Fe films showed tensile characteristics due to thermal stress. The stress decreased with increasing N2/Ar flow ratio and passed a zero point at a flow rate ratio of ∼3.5%, accompanied with a low coercivity. The stress changed to compressive with further increasing nitrogen in the lattice. The tensile-to-compressive transition in residual stress can be explained by the increase in lattice constant in FeN films. The lattice constant increased with increasing nitrogen flow during deposition, which was probably due to more nitrogen incorporation in the bcc Fe lattice.
Interpolation Revisited to Digital Cameras (2007)

We present improved practical color filter array interpolation methods that use color correlation for use in digital cameras.Cost-effective digital cameras use a single-chip image sensor and subsequent interpolation processing to produce full-color images.Therefore,many type of sophisticated algorithms have been proposed to create high quality images.Their complicated algorithms make it difficult,however,for them to be implemented in digital cameras due to limited computing capacity or available processing time.Although existing interpolation methods that use a directional color correlation are very cost-effective,they result in color artifact on the edge of color boundaries.We propose two algorithms to resolve this problem.One is a constrained color correlation method that is achieved by adding constrained conditions.The other is the precious color correlation methods that uses a nonlinear filter.The proposed methods can eliminate the artifact regardless of any color correlation of the images.Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of these methods.
Social coping strategies associated with quality of life decrements among psoriasis patients (2001)

How patients cope with the social aspects of psoriasis is associated with their quality of life.
Routing and protection in GMPLS networks: From shortest paths to optimized designs (2003)

Shortest path algorithms such as shortest path first (SPF) and constrained shortest path first (CSPF) are widely used in online traffic engineering where connections need to be set up one at a time as connection requests arrive sequentially. We propose an approach, called design-based routing (DBR), whereby optimized paths computed offline are used to guide online path setups. Offline path computation in generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks does not pose a significant challenge since optical core or metro networks typically consist of a few dozen to hundreds of nodes compared to hundreds to more than one thousand nodes in pure data networks. DBR takes advantage of available demand information based on customer prescriptions, traffic projections, and historical measurements to build an approximate traffic demand matrix for path optimization. By means of simulation, we perform comparative evaluations of opaque GMPLS networks under static and dynamic connections with different protection modes. The results indicate that DBR outperforms SPF and CSPF under a wide range of operating conditions and is robust to inaccuracies in the estimation of the traffic demand matrix. We then construct routing schemes with resource management and online measurement. The simulation results indicate that resource management provides an effective way to mitigate greed inherent in CSPF, and online measurement provides an effective way to improve DBR performance when the traffic demand information used in the design of DBR paths is different from the actual traffic demand.
Use of Emersion as a Zebra Mussel Control Method (1993)

Data are presented indicating that dewatering of fouled structures or source water drawdown is potentially efficacious for zebra mussel control. These strategies can expose mussels to lethal desiccation or freezing. Zebra mussels survive emersion < 3 days at temperatures greater than or equal 25 deg C (77 deg F) regardless of relative humidity (RH). However, as emersion tolerance increases exponentially with decreasing temperature and increasing RH, dewatering or drawdown is best applied during warm, dry summer months. Emersion tolerance was greatly reduced (LT1OO < 10-40 hr) (estimated time for 99.9 percent sample mortality) at a lethal temperature of 35 deg C (95 deg F), which suggested that injection of heated air into dewatered structures would increase the mortality rate among emersed mussels. Freezing temperatures greater than or equal-3 deg C (27 deg F) caused rapid mussel mortality (LT100 greater than or equal 24 hr); thus, dewatering of mussel fouled structures when air temperatures are subfreezing shows promise as a mussel-fouling control strategy.
[Reversal effect of Ys-96, a bisbenzylisoquinoline, on adriamycin or vincristine resistance in human cancer cells in vitro]. (1998)

The drug resistance of MCF-7/Ad or KBv200 could be essentially reversed by Ys-96 at a concentration of 1.00 mumol/L.
Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matching (2019)

The deep multi-view stereo (MVS) and stereo matching approaches generally construct 3D cost volumes to regularize and regress the output depth or disparity. These methods are limited when high-resolution outputs are needed since the memory and time costs grow cubically as the volume resolution increases. In this paper, we propose a both memory and time efficient cost volume formulation that is complementary to existing multi-view stereo and stereo matching approaches based on 3D cost volumes. First, the proposed cost volume is built upon a standard feature pyramid encoding geometry and context at gradually finer scales. Then, we can narrow the depth (or disparity) range of each stage by the depth (or disparity) map from the previous stage. With gradually higher cost volume resolution and adaptive adjustment of depth (or disparity) intervals, the output is recovered in a coarser to fine manner. We apply the cascade cost volume to the representative MVS-Net, and obtain a 23.1% improvement on DTU benchmark (1st place), with 50.6% and 74.2% reduction in GPU memory and run-time. It is also the state-of-the-art learning-based method on Tanks and Temples benchmark. The statistics of accuracy, run-time and GPU memory on other representative stereo CNNs also validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Optimization of phthalic/maleic anhydride‐endcapped PET oligomers using response surface method (2013)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from off‐grades of industrial manufacturers was partially and thoroughly depolymerized in order to synthesize PET oligomers and bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), respectively. Design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied for optimization of samples. Effects of reaction time, volume of glycol, catalyst concentrations, and particle size of off‐grade PET were investigated. The optimal conditions to synthesize PET oligomers (3–8 repeating units) were glycol/PET molar ratio of 1, a weight ratio (catalyst to PET) of 0.5 wt%, using granule‐shape. On the other hand, a reaction time of 180 min, a weight ratio (catalyst to PET) of 0.25 wt%, and glycol/PET molar ratio of 5 were obtained as the suitable conditions of BHET production. Then, endcapped PET oligomers, as a compatibilizer for preparing PET nanocomposites, were produced via reaction between maleic anhydride/phthalic anhydride (MA/PhA) composition. The combination of reaction time of 106 min and PhA/MA molar ratio of 0.85 produced the best results based on d ‐spacing and peak shift of nanocomposite samples. Moreover, the reaction of MA and BHET from glycolyzation of PET was successfully performed at 160°C and 190°C for 8 h. The optimum conditions were compared with a synthesized PET. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:417–429, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Estimation of Automobile Components Reliability Using Warranty Repair Data Comprising Early Failures (2019)

Purpose: Warranty repair data often comprise infant mortality data caused by defects designed into or built into a component. This paper proposes a method of estimating automotive component reliability using field warranty repair data that comprise early failure data.BR Methods: Standard actuarial method is used to analyze field warranty data collected under a two-dimensional warranty policy. The two-dimensional warranty policy have both the time and mileage warranty periods and it is typical in the automobile industry in Korea and United States. An iterative method of discriminating early failures from the warranty repair data and estimating component reliability is proposed.BR Results: An estimating method for component reliability using warranty repair data comprising early failure data is developed and an example provided to illustrate the proposed estimation method.BR Conclusion: Methods of estimating automobile component reliability using the two- dimensional warranty data that comprises early failure data are provided.
Reliable detection of episodes in event sequences (2004)

Suppose one wants to detect "bad" or "suspicious" subsequences in event sequences. Whether an observed pattern of activity (in the form of a particular subsequence) is significant and should be a cause for alarm, depends on how likely it is to occur fortuitously. A long enough sequence of observed events will almost certainly contain any subsequence, and setting thresholds for alarm is an important issue in a monitoring system that seeks to avoid false alarms. Suppose a long sequence T of observed events contains a suspicious subsequence pattern S within it, where the suspicious subsequence S consists of m events and spans a window of size w within T. We address the fundamental problem: is a certain number of occurrences of a particular subsequence unlikely to be fortuitous (i.e., indicative of suspicious activity)? If the probability of fortuitous occurrences is high and an automated monitoring system flags it as suspicious anyway, then such a system will suffer from generating too many false alarms. We quantify the probability of such an S occurring in T within a window of size w, the number of distinct windows containing S as a subsequence, the expected number of such occurrences, its variance, and establishes its limiting distribution that allows to set up an alarm threshold so that the probability of false alarms is very small. We report on experiments confirming the theory and showing that we can detect bad subsequences with low false alarm rate.
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Plays Important Role in Immune Response (2003)

Activation of macrophages leads to the secretion of cytokines and enzymes that shape the inflammatory response and increase metabolic processes. This, in turn, results in increased production of reactive oxygen species. The role of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), an important enzyme in cellular oxygen metabolism, was examined in activated peritoneal elicited macrophages (PEM) and in several inflammatory processes in vivo. LPS and TNF-alpha induced SOD-1 in PEM. SOD-1 induction by LPS was mainly via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 activation. Transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-1 demonstrated a significant increase in the release of TNF-alpha and of the metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 from PEM. Disulfiram (DSF), an inhibitor of SOD-1, strongly inhibited the release of TNF-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 from cultured activated PEM. These effects were prevented by addition of antioxidants, further indicating involvement of reactive oxygen species. In vivo, transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-1 demonstrated a 4-fold increase in serum TNF-alpha levels and 2-fold stronger delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction as compared with control nontransgenic mice. Conversely, oral administration of DSF lowered TNF-alpha serum level by 4-fold, lowered the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly inhibited adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats. The data suggest an important role for SOD-1 in inflammation, establish DSF as a potential inhibitor of inflammation, and raise the possibility that regulation of SOD-1 activity may be important in the treatment of immune-dependent pathologies.
Metrology of etched quartz and chrome embedded phase shift gratings using scatterometry (1995)

Metrology of etched quartz and chrome embedded phase shift gratingsusing scatterometrySusan M. Gaspar Wilson, S. Sohail H. Naqvi, John R. McNeilCenter for High Technology MaterialsThe University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New Mexico 87131Herschel M. MarchmanAT&T Bell LabsMurray Hills, New Jersey 07974Blame JohsJ.A. Woollam Co., Inc.650 J. Street, Suite 39Lincoln, Nebraska 68508Roger H. FrenchDuPont Central Science and EngineeringWilmington, Delaware 19880Franklin D. KalkDuPont Photomasks, Inc.100 Texas AvenueRound Rock, Texas 78664
A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File (2011)

A primary aim of root canal treatment is to completely clean and shape the root canal system. Various instruments are available for endodontic instrumentation. Although rotary systems do prepare many canals without major procedural errors, they do not address canal types with long-oval or flat cross sections. A newly developed self-adjusting file (SAF) was designed to address the shortcomings of traditional rotary files by adjusting itself to the canal cross section. This instrument consists of a compressible opened NiTi tube that, on placement into a root canal, will exert pressure against the canal Wall. The SAF is used in an in-and-out motion powered by a handpiece and under constant irrigation. The aim of this review was to describe instrument design, usage parameters and features of Self Adjusting File. How to cite this article: Adıgüzel Ö. A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File. Int Dent Res 2011;1:18-25. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Low-frequency chimeric yeast artificial chromosome libraries from flow-sorted human chromosomes 16 and 21. (1993)

Construction of chromosome-specific yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries from sorted chromosomes was undertaken (i) to eliminate drawbacks associated with first-generation total genomic YAC libraries, such as the high frequency of chimeric YACs, and (ii) to provide an alternative method for generating chromosome-specific YAC libraries in addition to isolating such collections from a total genomic library. Chromosome-specific YAC libraries highly enriched for human chromosomes 16 and 21 were constructed. By maximizing the percentage of fragments with two ligatable ends and performing yeast transformations with less than saturating amounts of DNA in the presence of carrier DNA, YAC libraries with a low percentage of chimeric clones were obtained. The smaller number of YAC clones in these chromosome-specific libraries reduces the effort involved in PCR-based screening and allows hybridization methods to be a manageable screening approach.
A New Continuous Multimodal Musical Controller Using Wireless Magnetic Tags (1999)

We describe a new kind of musical interface based on magnetic tagging technology that can turn essentially any object into a continuous controller with both contact and noncontact degrees of freedom. Our system responds to magnetically-coupled resonant tags (simple inductor/capacitor combinations or magnetostrictor strips) that are within range of the reader (8-2 feet, depending on the tag). The ID of the tag is defined by the centerfrequency of the resonance and the breadth of the reader's frequency sweep, allowing up to roughly 30 independent objects to be distinguished simultaneously by our current system, without the need for anticollision procedures. The reader produces a serial data stream that updates the parameters of all detected tags 30 times per second. These include the center frequency, resonance width, and integrated coupling amplitude for each detected tag. The latter provides an indication of the tag's distance from the reader and their mutual orientation, enabling continuous noncontact control. Tactile parameters may also be acquired by making the resonance frequency parametric with pressure. We demonstrate the musical possibilities of such an interface via mapping software that assigns different continuous musical behavior to an array of 13 toylike objects, enabling performance through their manipulation.
Role of IRS-1-GRB-2 complexes in insulin signaling. (1994)

GRB-2 is a small SH2- and SH3 domain-containing adapter protein that associates with the mammalian SOS homolog to regulate p21ras during growth factor signaling. During insulin stimulation, GRB-2 binds to the phosphorylated Y895VNI motif of IRS-1. Substitution of Tyr-895 with phenylalanine (IRS-1F-895) prevented the IRS-1-GRB-2 association in vivo and in vitro. The myeloid progenitor cell line, 32-D, is insensitive to insulin because it contains few insulin receptors and no IRS-1. Coexpression of IRS-1 or IRS-1F-895 with the insulin receptor was required for insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in 32-D cells, while expression of the insulin receptor alone was sufficient to mediate insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and activation of p21ras and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The Shc-GRB-2 complex formed during insulin stimulation is a possible mediator of p21ras and MAP kinase activation in IRS-1-deficient 32-D cells. Interestingly, IRS-1, but not IRS-1F-895, enhanced the stimulation of MAP kinase by insulin in 32-D cells expressing insulin receptors. Thus, IRS-1 contributes to the stimulation of MAP kinase by insulin, probably through formation of the IRS-1-GRB-2 complex at Tyr-895. Our results suggest that the Shc-GRB-2 complex and the activation of p21ras-dependent signaling pathways, including MAP kinase, are insufficient for insulin-stimulated mitogenesis and that the essential function(s) of IRS-1 in proliferative signaling is largely unrelated to IRS-1-GRB-2 complex formation.
Chemotherapy Delivery Issues in Central Nervous System Malignancy: A Reality Check (2007)

In this article, we review drug delivery across the BBB, as well as blood-tumor and -cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, and mechanisms to increase drug delivery to CNS and CSF tumors. Because of the difficulty in treating CNS tumors, innovative treatments and alternative delivery techniques involving brain/cord capillaries, choroid plexus, and CSF are needed.
Enhanced Acoustic Energy Harvesting Using Coupled Resonance Structure of Sonic Crystal and Helmholtz Resonator (2013)

An acoustic energy harvester using a coupled resonance structure of a sonic crystal resonator and an electromechanical Helmholtz resonator with a piezoelectric composite diaphragm is proposed to enhance energy harvesting. Due to acoustic resonance coupling between the sonic crystal resonator and the Helmholtz resonator, the coupled resonance structure has a larger acoustic pressure magnification than each individual resonator structure. Consequently, the stronger vibration of the diaphragm and the higher harvesting efficiency are obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed harvester exhibits ∼23 and ∼262 times higher maximum harvesting efficiencies than the sonic crystal resonator and the Helmholtz resonator structure, respectively.
Case Note: Continuous Disclosure, Misleading and Deceptive Conduct in the Corporations Act - ASIC v Fortescue and Forrest (2011)

The case of ASIC v Fortescue and Forrest is discussed to arrive at a better understanding of the nature of the obligations of disclosure of the company and its executives and officers and the objective nature of the information to be disclosed in the Corporations Act. The key findings of the case and its relevance to future judgments are highlighted.
Electrodeposition of catalytic and magnetic gold nanoparticles on dendrimer–carbon nanotube layer-by-layer films (2012)

Magnetic and catalytic gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited through potential pulse on dendrimer-carbon nanotube layer-by-layer (LbL) films. A plasmon absorption band at about 550 nm revealed the presence of nanoscale gold in the film. The location of the Au nanoparticles in the film was clearly observed by selecting the magnetic force microscopy mode. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the electrochemical synthesis of magnetic Au nanoparticles. In addition to the magnetic properties, the Au nanoparticles also exhibited high catalytic activity towards ethanol and glycerol oxidation in alkaline medium.
Noise Conscious Training of Non Local Neural Network Powered by Self Attentive Spectral Normalized Markovian Patch GAN for Low Dose CT Denoising (2021)

The explosive rise of the use of Computer tomography (CT) imaging in medical practice has heightened public concern over the patient's associated radiation dose. On the other hand, reducing the radiation dose leads to increased noise and artifacts, which adversely degrades the scan's interpretability. In recent times, the deep learning-based technique has emerged as a promising method for low dose CT(LDCT) denoising. However, some common bottleneck still exists, which hinders deep learning-based techniques from furnishing the best performance. In this study, we attempted to mitigate these problems with three novel accretions. First, we propose a novel convolutional module as the first attempt to utilize neighborhood similarity of CT images for denoising tasks. Our proposed module assisted in boosting the denoising by a significant margin. Next, we moved towards the problem of non-stationarity of CT noise and introduced a new noise aware mean square error loss for LDCT denoising. The loss mentioned above also assisted to alleviate the laborious effort required while training CT denoising network using image patches. Lastly, we propose a novel discriminator function for CT denoising tasks. The conventional vanilla discriminator tends to overlook the fine structural details and focus on the global agreement. Our proposed discriminator leverage self-attention and pixel-wise GANs for restoring the diagnostic quality of LDCT images. Our method validated on a publicly available dataset of the 2016 NIH-AAPM-Mayo Clinic Low Dose CT Grand Challenge performed remarkably better than the existing state of the art method. The corresponding source code is available at: https://github.com/reach2sbera/ldct_nonlocal.
Evolution of a Histone H4-K16 Acetyl-Specific DNA Aptamer (2009)

We report the in vitro selection of DNA aptamers that bind to histone H4 proteins acetylated at lysine 16. The best aptamer identified in this selection binds to the target protein with a K(d) of 21 nM and discriminates against both the nonacetylated protein and histone H4 proteins acetylated at lysine 8. Comparative binding assays performed with a chip-quality antibody reveal that this aptamer binds to the acetylated histone target with similar affinity to a commercial antibody but shows significantly greater specificity (15-fold versus 2400-fold) for the target molecule. This result demonstrates that aptamers that are both modification and location specific can be generated to bind specific protein post-translational modifications.