gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel simulated annealing: an adaptive approach (2002)

This paper analyses alternatives for the parallelization of the Simulated Annealing algorithm when applied to the placement of modules in a VLSI circuit considering the use of PVM on an Ethernet cluster of workstations. It is shown that different parallelization approaches have to be used for high and low temperature values of the annealing process. The algorithm used for low temperatures is an adaptive version of the speculative algorithm proposed in the literature. Within this adaptive algorithm, the number of processors allocated to the solution of the placement problem and the number of moves evaluated per processor between synchronization points change with the temperature. At high temperatures, an algorithm based on the parallel evaluation of independent chains of moves has been adopted. It is shown that results with the same quality of those produced by the serial version can be obtained when shorter length chains are used in the parallel implementation.
Reference Measurement Procedures for Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers: Definitions and Approaches With Focus on Amyloid β42 (2012)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasingly used in clinical settings, research and drug trials. However, their broad-scale use on different technology platforms is hampered by the lack of standardization at the level of sample handling, determination of concentrations of analytes and the absence of well-defined performance criteria for in vitro diagnostic or companion diagnostic assays, which influences the apparent concentration of the analytes measured and the subsequent interpretation of the data. There is a need for harmonization of CSF AD biomarker assays that can reliably, across centers, quantitate CSF biomarkers with high analytical precision, selectivity and stability over long time periods. In this position paper, we discuss reference procedures for the measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, especially amyloid β42 and tau. We describe possible technical approaches, focusing on a selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay as a candidate reference method for quantification of CSF amyloid β42.
The Physical Environment (2011)

This chapter describes the physical environment surrounding Wytham Woods by providing illustrations of the area. It analyses information gathered from the Environmental Change Network (ECN), and examines the location's topography, climate, geology and soils, and hydrology. It also briefly tackles the issue of pollution in the Woods due to acidification and the fertilizing effects of nitrogen deposition.
A Fast Intra-frame Prediction Algorithm Based on the Characteristic of Macro-block and 2D-histogram for H.264/AVC Standard (2007)

H.264/AVC is the newest video coding standard with high compression efficiency. But because it adopts the traveling algorithm to find the optimal mode for intra-frame prediction in the spatial field, it is quite complex and costs very long time to encode. In this paper, according to the ID-histogram algorithm, it is possible to select Intra 4x4 or Intra 16x16 mode for every macro-block before encode them. If choose the Intra 4 x4 mode, then use the fast prediction algorithm based on the characteristic of the macro- block itself to reduce the choices of the prediction directions from nine to three, thereby it improves the intra-frame coding efficiency. Experimental results show that without the variety of PSNR basically, the compression time is 32.8% less than the original algorithm, and increases 3.2% bits-rate on average. This algorithm is especially applicable for the high quality and complex image.
An Automatic Recording Spectroradiometer for Cathodoluminescent Materials* (1939)

An automatic recording spectrophotometer for the visible, especially adapted for the study of cathodoluminescent materials, is described. It consists of a demountable light source and an interrupter, a glass monochromator with compensation for the variation of the dispersion with wave-length, a photoelectric electron multiplier, a signal amplifier stabilized by negative feedback, and a motor drive amplifier controlling the deflection of the recording head. The wave-length scale is made linear by the introduction of a spiral cam of appropriate form. The system is distinguished by high sensitivity (usable for sources emitting one millilumen/cm2), high speed ( 114 minutes for a record), linear wave-length scale, high stability and easy adjustment.
Improvement of the positioning accuracy of a software-based GPS receiver using a 32-bit embedded microprocessor (2000)

This paper describes the improvement of the positioning accuracy of a GPS receiver, using software to apply the GPS to compact, hand-held devices. Differential GPS (DGPS) with a software FM demodulator, and a modified Kalman filter is proposed and applied to a GPS receiver. The positioning accuracy is, 35 m with a standalone GPS, 9 m with DGPS and 15 m with a Kalman filter. With both methods, the positioning accuracy is drastically improved to 2 m.
Use of error control coding and antenna diversity to improve performance of subband coding (2003)

The use of error control coding and diversity to improve the error performance of a portable radio system was investigated, along with their effect on the performance of a subband code operating at 16 kb/s. Use was made of the probability of dropping a speech frame and the perceptual quality of speech as the performance criteria. Use of two-branch diversity by means of predetection power selection is seen to result in about a 10-dB improvement over the no-diversity case. The channel encounters random errors caused by the additive white Gaussian noise. Time-varying multipath (Rayleigh) fading of the signal envelope below the Gaussian noise tends to cause long bursts. A 30-dB variation in the sensitivity of the segmental SNR to bit errors is seen, from the most significant to least significant bits. The slow fading nature of the portable channel and the structure of the radio system tend to make the errors highly bursty, and this results in error correction coding performing about 2.5-dB better than error detection coding. When the synchronization advantages of the error detection scheme are taken into account, this gain may be somewhat smaller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Nifuratel on Vaginal Bacteria: Could It Be a Good Candidate for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis? (2011)

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a shift of the physiological flora to a diverse spectrum of bacteria, where Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are the most important markers. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of nifuratel against G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, and lactobacilli was compared with that of the two currently used antibiotics metronidazole and clindamycin. Results suggest that nifuratel has a better spectrum of activity, being highly active against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae without affecting lactobacilli.
Innate immune response to encephalomyocarditis virus infection mediated by CD1d (2003)

CD1d-reactive natural killer T (NKT) cells can rapidly produce T helper type 1 (Th1) and/or Th2 cytokines, can activate antigen-presenting cell (APC) interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, and are implicated in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. The role of the CD1d system was assessed during infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV-D), a picornavirus that causes acute diabetes, paralysis and myocarditis. EMCV-D resistance depends on IL-12-mediated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. CD1d-deficient mice, which also lack CD1d-reactive NKT cells, were substantially more sensitive to infection with EMCV-D. Infected CD1d knockout mice had decreased IL-12 levels in vitro and in vivo, and indeed were protected by treatment with exogenous IL-12. IFN-gamma production in CD1d knockout mice was decreased compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice in response to EMCV-D in vitro, although differences were not detected in vivo. Treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody, to deplete NK cells, caused a marked increase in susceptibility of WT mice to EMCV-D infection, whereas CD1d knockout mice were little affected, suggesting that NK-cell-mediated protection is CD1d-dependent. Therefore, these data indicate that CD1d is essential for optimal responses to acute picornaviral infection. We propose that CD1d-reactive T cells respond to early immune signals and function in the innate immune response to a physiological viral infection by rapidly augmenting APC IL-12 production and activating NK cells.
Improvement of Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines by Introducing the Polyomavirus Early Region (1998)

To obtain high-titer recombinant retroviruses, we constructed plasmid pDL+, which carries the extended Psi region and the polyomavirus early region, including the replication origin and the early gene. Although pDL+ is useful for obtaining high-titer recombinant retroviruses, this vector plasmid is difficult to modify further for tissue-specific expression of foreign genes. To overcome this problem, the coding region of the polyomavirus early gene was expressed in the packaging cell lines. We modified the packaging cell lines, psi2 and PA317, by stably introducing the polyomavirus early gene, and established psiMP34 and psiMP37 from psi2, and PAMP51 from PA317. In the transient expression system using plasmids with and without the polyomavirus replication origin, the titers of recombinant retrovirus produced by these cell lines were 10-100 times higher than produced by the parent cell line and reached levels of 0.5-1.5 x 106 cfu/ml. Expression of the polyomavirus early gene in the packaging cell lines did not stimulate the production of replication-competent retrovirus. We also routinely established stable clones producing retrovirus titers over 1 x 10(7) cfu/ml from psiMP34 and PAMP51. We found that the activity of the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter is stimulated by the polyomavirus early region protein(s) in these cell lines. Therefore, increases titer can be expected to occur in all the retroviral vectors in which LTR promoter is used to transcribe the retroviral genome.
Protein kinase CK2: An enzyme with multiple substrates and a puzzling regulation (2019)

Protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase II) is a ubiquitous eukaryotic ser/thr protein kinase present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. CK2 is known to phosphorylate more than 100 substrates, many of which are involved in the control of cell division and in signal transduction. The review centers on the structure and function of CK2 α and β subunits and on the regulation of its activity, a topic that remains to be elucidated. An analogy is drawn between CK2 and the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks); both types of protein kinases share many substrates and are activated by regulatory subunits.
Monolithic multigigabit/s silicon decision circuit for applications in fibre-optic communication systems (1984)

A novel monolithic multigigabit/s Si integrated decision circuit for applications in fibre-optic systems is proposed. Circuit simulations are reported which demonstrate the performance at 2.24 Gbit/s if a fast Si bipolar technology with 2.5 μm design rules and pn-junction isolation is chosen.
Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Bulk Fe-Based Glassy Alloys Prepared by Copper Mold Casting (1995)

Bulk glassy Fe73Al5Ga2P11C5B4 alloys in cylindrical form with diameters of 0.5 and 1.0 mm were found to form by a copper mold casting method. The further increase in diameter causes the formation of coexistent glassy, Fe3(B, C), Fe2B and Fe3P phases for the 1.5 mmφ sample and coexistent Fe3(B, C), Fe2B and Fe3P phases for the 2.0 mmφ sample. It is to be noticed that the maximum thickness for glass formation is about 10 times larger than the largest thickness for Fe-based glassy alloys reported up to date. The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx) and heat of crystallization of the 1.0 mmφ glassy alloy are 732 K, 785 K and 3.76 kJ/mol, respectively. No appreciable difference in the thermal stability and magnetic properties is seen between the bulk glassy alloys and the melt-spun ribbon. The 1.0 mmφ glassy alloy has ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of 606 K and exhibits 1.26 T for saturation magnetization (Bs), 82 A/m for coercivity (Hc) and 0.38 for the ratio of residual magnetization to Bs at room temperature. The large ΔTx(=Tx−Tg) and large glass-forming ability can be obtained for the Fe-based alloy containing simultaneously the five solute elements. The effectiveness of the multiplication is presumably due to the combination of the following three effects; (1) the suppression of crystalline nuclei due to the increase in dense random packing density for the glassy structure containing P, C and B with significantly different atomic sizes, (2) the difficulty of atomic rearrangements for the precipitation of the Fe-metalloid compounds caused by the generation of Al-metalloid pairs with strongly attractive bonding nature, and (3) the decrease in the preferential precipitation tendency of Fe–B and Fe–C compounds by the dissolution of Ga which is immiscible to B and C and soluble to Fe.
In vitro anticancer activity of PI3K alpha selective inhibitor BYL719 in head and neck cancer. (2015)

BYL719, a PI3K alpha selective blocker, could be a promising factor in the treatment of head and neck cancer either as a single agent or in combination with dacomitinib.
Enhanced sedimentation in narrow tilted channels (1981)

The analysis of Acrivos & Herbolzheimer (1979) is extended to describe the sedimentation of dilute suspensions in tilted two-dimensional channels in which the spacing between the plates is small compared with their length. The theory assumes that the flow is laminar and that the suspension consists of monodisperse spherical beads having small particle Reynolds number. Expressions for the flow fields in the clearfluid region and in the suspension, as well as for the location of the interface separating these two regions, are obtained asymptotically in the limit of Λ [Gt ] 1 with $R\Lambda^{-\frac{1}{3}}\ll 1$ , where R and A are as defined in the previous work. The present analysis differs from that given earlier in that the aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of the height of the suspension to the channel width, is now taken to be O(A 1/3 ) rather than O(1) as was the case before. Under these conditions, the solution of the time-dependent equations leads to the surprising prediction that the clear-fluid layer which forms beneath the downward-facing plate attains a steady shape only along the lower portion of the channel while, in contrast, its thickness increases with time for locations along the channel that are above some critical point. Because of this transient behaviour, the well-known Ponder-Nakamura-Kuroda (PNK) formula overestimates the rate at which the top of the suspension region falls with time; however, the PNK results for the volumetric settling rate still hold under the conditions considered in this paper. It is shown that this discontinuity in the interface shape can be suppressed in continuous settling systems but only if the feed and withdrawal locations are chosen properly. Batch sedimentation experiments were conducted in a channel with parallel flat walls under the following sets of conditions: H 0 / b ≈ 90, 5° ≤ θ ≤ 45°, 0·01 ≤ c 0 ≤ 0·025, 1·7 × 10 7 < Λ < 3·5 × 10 7 , and 1·8 < R < 2·1, where θ is the angle of inclination of the vessel from the vertical, and c 0 is the initial volume fraction of solids in the suspension. The experimental observations were found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Resolution independent rendering of deformable vector objects using graphics hardware (2006)

No abstract available.
GestureCam: A Smart Camera for Gesture Recognition and Gesture-Controlled Web Navigation (2006)

Smart camera, or an intelligent camera, is an embedded vision system which captures and processes image to extract application-specific information in real time. Smart cameras are used in many applications such as automatic control systems, machine vision systems, automatic video surveillance systems and human computer interfaces. What makes a smart camera 'smart' is a special processing unit inside the camera which performs application specific information processing, for example, skin color detection and motion detection for surveillance purpose. The design of smart camera as an embedded system is challenging because on one hand video processing has insatiable demand for performance and power, and on the other hand embedded systems place considerable constraints on the design. We present our work in progress to build GestureCam, an FPGA-based smart camera that can recognize simple pre-defined head and hand gestures. As an application of the GestureCam, we present the design of a GestureBrowser, an extension to the Mozilla Firefox browser which uses the GestureCam to capture and recognize a user's head and hand gesture commands to control Web navigation. The GestureBrowser idea is a step further toward next generation natural human computer interaction. Also presented is a proof of concept work for the GestureBrowser idea, using a Webcam as image capture device
Internal Temperature Distribution in a Rolling Tire (1995)

Abstract A computer program is developed to calculate the internal temperature distribution in a rolling tire. The geometry of the tire cross section is transformed to simple computational domains by using a boundary‐fitted coordinate transformation method. A heat transfer equation in the tire is also transformed to be calculated in the computational domain. Heat generation rates are estimated from load, speed, contained air pressure, and a static stress and strain analysis. An unsteady two‐dimensional heat conduction equation is solved with heat convection and radiation boundary conditions. External surface temperature distributions are measured by an infrared camera system and the temperature of the contained air is measured by a thermocouple. The conductivities of various materials in the tire and various heat transfer coefficients along the tire boundary are given in an input file. Some internal temperatures measured by buried thermocouples in the actual tire are compared with the calculated temperatures.
On the Roth and Ruckenstein equations for the Guruswami-Sudan algorithm (2008)

In 2000 Roth and Ruckenstein proposed an extended key equation for solving the interpolation step in the Sudan decoding algorithm. Generalizing their idea, a sequence of key equations for the Guruswami-Sudan (GS) algorithm, which is able to list decode a Reed-Solomon code with arbitrary rate, is derived. This extension allows a reduction of the number of equations and therefore a reduction of the algorithmpsilas complexity. Furthermore, we indicate how to adapt the fundamental iterative algorithm for block Hankel matrices and thus solving the GS-interpolation step efficiently.
Digital matched filtering with pipelined floating point fast Fourier transforms (FFT's) (1975)

A special floating point arithmetic technique for fast Fourier transform (FFT) processors has been developed. The implementation of a high-speed pipeline FFT matched filter using the method employs significantly fewer components than a fixed-point processor with an equivalent performance level. The special floating point process avoids the nonlinear effects of fixed-point processors while achieving performance levels of traditional floating point arithmetic. Computer simulations were used to examine the performance of the system for linear FM pulse compression under a variety of conditions. In a specific case, with 8 bits plus sign quantization of the complex I- and Q-mantissa words in the processor and a 12-stage (4096-coefficient) FFT convolver, the mean square error (MSE) of the sidelobes relative to the peak from a single point target was less than -70 dB. Changes in waveform duration and sampling rate had negligible effect on the error level. This error characteristic can be treated as a computational or self noise, added to the input thermal noise of the radar receiver. Quantization artifacts or noise peaks which occur at levels consistent with the mantissa quantization are below levels (-50 dB for 8 bits plus sign) which would normally cause difficulty in an operational system.
Coronary endothelial injury after cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardioplegia is mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals. (1993)

Either the hydroxyl radical synthesis inhibitor deferoxamine or manganese superoxide dismutase preserves endothelium-dependent relaxation during crystalloid cardioplegia-reperfusion. Therefore, ischemic cardioplegia-reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction is at least partially mediated by the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.
Single-Component Sorption/Diffusion of Cyclic Compounds from Their Bulk Liquid Phase in H-ZSM-5 Zeolite (1997)

Single-component sorption/diffusion of cyclohexane, pyridine, benzene, toluene, aniline, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, n-propyl- and isopropylbenzenes, and mesitylene in H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 39.7) zeolite from their bulk liquid phase at 273−338 K has been measured volumetrically. The diffusivity and activation energy for the diffusion are found to be strongly influenced by the side groups attached to the benzene nucleus, polarity, critical molecular size, and configuration of sorbate molecules. However, the influence of configuration and/or flexibility (i.e., compressibility to the zeolite channel diameter) plays a vital role in controlling/deciding the penetration (or entry) and configurational diffusion (after penetration) of sorbate molecules in the zeolite channels. The influence of critical size and configuration of sorbate molecules, on their entry in the zeolite channel and also their configurational diffusion after sorption, can be explained by the shuttlecock−shuttlebox model for sorption/diffusion of bulky molecules in medium-pore zeolites. The influence is explained by taking into consideration the orientations in different conformations and compressibility in the movement in different directions of the sorbate molecules.
HUMIRA<sup>®</sup>Pen: a novel autoinjection device for subcutaneous injection of the fully human monoclonal antibody adalimumab (2007)

The HUMIRA (adalimumab) Pen is a novel, integrated, disposable autoinjection delivery system for the subcutaneous injection of adalimumab. Adalimumab is a biological disease modifier for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic debilitating diseases mediated by tumor necrosis factor. Sustaining long-term efficacy with a biological therapy is influenced by patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen, which is often affected by the route of drug administration. Self-administered injectables offer several advantages over intravenous injections (i.e., portability, convenience and flexible scheduling). In particular, patients with chronic, debilitating diseases may need a self-administered medication available in an easy-to-use and convenient delivery device that minimizes pain and facilitates adherence to therapy. The adalimumab Pen offers these benefits and recent evidence indicates that patients overwhelmingly prefer the adalimumab Pen to the prefilled syringe.
Characterization of a Functional GroEL <sub>14</sub> (GroES <sub>7</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> Chaperonin Hetero-Oligomer (1994)

Chaperonins GroEL and GroES form two types of hetero-oligomers in vitro that can mediate the folding of proteins. Chemical cross-linking and electron microscopy showed that in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), two GroES7 rings can successively bind a single GroEL14 core oligomer. The symmetric GroEL14(GroES7)2 chaperonin, whose central cavity appears obstructed by two GroES7 rings, can nonetheless stably bind and assist the ATP-dependent refolding of RuBisCO enzyme. Thus, unfolded proteins first bind and possibly fold on the external envelope of the chaperonin hetero-oligomer.