gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of the Human Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase Form 3 (FMO3) Related to Trimethylaminuria (2003)

Trimethylaminuria is a rare metabolic disorder that is associated with abnormal amounts of the dietary-derived trimethylamine. Excess unmetabolized trimethylamine in the urine, sweat and other body secretions confers a strong, foul body odor that can affect the individual's ability to work or engage in social activities. This review summarizes the biochemical aspects of the condition and the classification of the disorder into: 1) primary genetic form, 2) acquired form, 3) childhood forms, 4) transient form associated with menstruation, 5) precursor overload and 6) disease states. The genetic variability of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3) that is responsible for detoxication and deodoration of trimethylamine is discussed and put in context with other variant forms of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (forms 1-5). The temporal-selective expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase forms 1 and 3 is discussed in terms of an explanation for childhood trimethylaminuria. Information as to whether variants of the flavin-containing monooxygenase form 3 contributes to hypertension and/or other diseases are presented. Discussion is provided outlining recent bioanalytical approaches to quantify urinary trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide and plasma choline as well as data on self-reporting individuals tested for trimethylaminuria. Finally, trimethylaminuria treatment strategies and nutritional support are described including dietary sources of trimethylamine, vitamin supplementation and drug treatment and issues related to trimethylaminuria in pregnancy and lactation are discussed. The remarkable progress in the biochemical, genetic, clinical basis for understanding the trimethylaminuria condition is summarized and points to needs in the treatment of individuals suffering from trimethylaminuria.
Bis-Substituted Malonic Acid Hydroxamate Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Collagenase (MMP8) (1998)

Malonic acid hydroxamate derivatives bis-substituted at the methylene group were synthesized as potential nonpeptidic inhibitors of human neutrophil collagenase (MMP8). The presence of an aromatic residue both at the C2 malonic acid position and in the C-terminal tail for hydrophobic interactions with the surface-exposed S1 binding site and the S1' pocket of the enzyme, respectively, was found to be sufficient for submicromolar inhibition potencies. For optimal insertion of the aryl amide group into the hydrophobic S1' pocket, spacing of the C-terminal phenyl group by at least a 3C-chain was required. In view of these results the achiral indan-2, 2-dicarboxylic acid was used to mimic the 2-benzyl-2-methylmalonic acid residue, and its derivatization to the 3-phenylpropyl amide hydroxamate produced a potent, achiral, low-mass inhibitor of MMP8 (Ki = 0.3 microM), the binding mode of which was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Identification of Race-Specific Resistance in North American <i>Vitis</i> spp. Limiting <i>Erysiphe necator</i> Hyphal Growth (2011)

Race-specific resistance against powdery mildews is well documented in small grains but, in other crops such as grapevine, controlled analysis of host-pathogen interactions on resistant plants is uncommon. In the current study, we attempted to confirm powdery mildew resistance phenotypes through vineyard, greenhouse, and in vitro inoculations for test cross-mapping populations for two resistance sources: (i) a complex hybrid breeding line, 'Bloodworth 81-107-11', of at least Vitis rotundifolia, V. vinifera, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, V. labrusca, and V. aestivalis background; and (ii) Vitis hybrid 'Tamiami' of V. aestivalis and V. vinifera origin. Statistical analysis of vineyard resistance data suggested the segregation of two and three race-specific resistance genes from the two sources, respectively. However, in each population, some resistant progeny were susceptible in greenhouse or in vitro screens, which suggested the presence of Erysiphe necator isolates virulent on progeny segregating for one or more resistance genes. Controlled inoculation of resistant and susceptible progeny with a diverse set of E. necator isolates clearly demonstrated the presence of fungal races differentially interacting with race-specific resistance genes, providing proof of race specificity in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem. Consistent with known race-specific resistance mechanisms, both resistance sources were characterized by programmed cell death of host epidermal cells under appressoria, which arrested or slowed hyphal growth; this response was also accompanied by collapse of conidia, germ tubes, appressoria, and secondary hyphae. The observation of prevalent isolates virulent on progeny with multiple race-specific resistance genes before resistance gene deployment has implications for grape breeding strategies. We suggest that grape breeders should characterize the mechanisms of resistance and pyramid multiple resistance genes with different mechanisms for improved durability.
Modification of embolic‐PVA particles with MR contrast agents (2008)

We report the synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embolic particles modified with a clinically approved magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. PVA particles are used during transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) procedures and this minimally invasive technique is a widely employed treatment for inoperable tumors. The PVA particles are injected into tumor vessels and prevent blood flow which results in tumor attenuation. An accurate assessment of the endpoint of embolization is critical to successful TAE procedures. Recent reports suggest that 20% of endpoint determination of TAE procedures by angiographic techniques are erroneous. Real time, in vivo imaging of the embolic particles would overcome this limitation. The contrast-modified PVA particles described here show an 80% decrease in T(1) relaxation times compared to unmodified particles. Images of particles in capillary tubes of similar size to catheters used in TAE procedures are clearly visible by MRI.
Effect of randomness in the distribution of impurity ions on FET thresholds in integrated electronics (1975)

A model of the effect of random fluctuations in the number of impurity atoms in the depletion layer of a field-effect transistor (FET) is presented and analyzed. It is conducted that the range of space charge per unit area that must be anticipated on a chip containing N FET's each of area A is /spl Delta/S=q(2 ln N)/SUP 1/2/A/SUP -1/4/n~/SUP 1/2/. n~ is the doping level of the substrate.
Security issues and vulnerabilities in connected car systems (2015)

The Connected Revolution has reached the automotive industry and the Internet penetrates into the modern vehicles. Formerly acquiring data from a vehicle was the tool of Fleet Management Systems handling commercial vehicles. In the recent years connectivity began to appear in the passenger vehicles also. The first features were infotainment and navigation, having low security needs remaining far from the vehicular networks. Then telematics and remote control, such as keyless entry appeared and created a new security threat in the vehicle. The paper shows how the connected feature changes the vehicle and also presents vulnerabilities of each element to show the importance of cautious system security design.
Anti-Hermitian Plasmon Coupling of an Array of Gold Thin-Film Antennas for Controlling Light at the Nanoscale (2012)

Open quantum systems consisting of coupled bound and continuum states have been studied in a variety of physical systems, particularly within the scope of nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics. In the open systems, the effects of the continuum decay channels are accounted for by indirect non-Hermitian couplings among the quasibound states. Here we explore anti-Hermitian coupling in a plasmonic system for spatially manipulating light on the nanoscale. We show that by utilizing the anti-Hermitian coupling, plasmonic antennas closely packed within only $\ensuremath{\lambda}/15$ separations can be individually excited from the far field, which are otherwise indistinguishable from each other. This opens a new venue for the nanoscale lightwave control, wavelength multiplexing, and spectrum splitting.
Post Analysis Data Acquisition for the Iterative MS/MS Sampling of Proteomics Mixtures (2009)

The identification of peptides by microcapillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (microLC-MS/MS) has become routine because of the development of fast scanning mass spectrometers, data-dependent acquisition, and database searching algorithms. However, many peptides within the detection limit of the mass spectrometer remain unidentified because of limitations in MS/MS sampling speed despite the dynamic range and peak capacity of the instrument. We have developed an automated approach that uses the mass spectra from high resolution microLC-MS data to define the molecular species present in the mixture and directs the acquisition of MS/MS spectra to precursors that were missed in prior analyses. This approach increases the coverage of the molecular species sampled by MS/MS and consequently the number of peptides and proteins identified during the acquisition of technical or biological replicates using a simple one-dimensional chromatographic separation. The combination of a unique workflow and custom software contribute to the improved identification of molecular features detected in proteomics experiments of complex protein mixtures.
Quantum nondemolition measurement of photon number via optical Kerr effect in an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity (2008)

We theoretically investigate a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement with optical Kerr effect in an ultra-high-Q microtoroidal system. The analytical and numerical results predict that the present QND measurement scheme possesses a high sensitivity, which allows for detecting few photons or even single photons. Ultra-high-Q toroidal microcavity may provide a novel experimental platform to study quantum physics with nonlinear optics at low light levels.
Formation of the Geometrically Controlled Carbon Coils by Manipulating the Additive Gas (SF<sub>6</sub>) Flow Rate (2012)

Carbon coils could be synthesized using C2H2/H2 as source gases and SF6 as an incorporated additive gas under the thermal chemical vapor deposition system. The nickel catalyst layer deposition and then hydrogen plasma pretreatment were performed prior to the carbon coils deposition reaction. The flow rate and the injection time of SF6 varied according to the different reaction processes. Geometries of carbon coils developed from embryos to nanosized coils with increasing SF, flow rate from 5 to 35 sccm under the short SF6 flow injection time (5 minutes) condition. The gradual development of carbon coils geometries from nanosized to microsized types could be observed with increasing SF6 flow rate under the full time (90 minutes) SF6 flow injection condition. The flow rate of SF6 for the coil-type geometry formation should be more than or at least equal to the flow rate of carbon source gas (C2H2). A longer injection time of SF6 flow would increase the size of coils diameters from nanometer to micrometer.
New 4-arylaminopiperidines with antihypoxic and anticonvulsive activity. (1994)

Several new bioanalogues of (+/-)-N-methyl-N-(1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]piperidin++ +-4-yl) benzothiazol-2-amine (1, sabeluzole, CAS 104383-17-7) were prepared by reacting 1,2-epoxy-3-aryloxypropanes with 4-arylaminopiperidines. Some of these derivatives showed enhanced activity in the potassium cyanide hypoxia test and in the pentetrazol convulsion test in mice compared to 1.
Phosphatidylglucoside Exists as a Single Molecular Species with Saturated Fatty Acyl Chains in Developing Astroglial Membranes (2006)

We previously found that phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), a novel glycolipid expressed in HL60 cells, plays a role in forming signaling microdomains involved in cellular differentiation. Because cells contain minute levels of PtdGlc, pure PtdGlc is very difficult to isolate. Thus, its complete structure has never been assessed. To aid in analyzing PtdGlc, we generated a PtdGlc-specific monoclonal antibody, DIM21, by immunizing mice with detergent-insoluble membranes isolated from HL60 cells [Yamazaki, Y., et al. (2006) J. Immunol. Methods 311, 106-116]. DIM21 immunostaining of murine CNS tissues revealed stage- and cell type-specific localization of the DIM21 antigen during development, with especially high levels of expression in radial glia/astroglia. DIM21 immunostained cultured hippocampal astroglia in a punctate fashion. To characterize the structure of PtdGlc, we isolated DIM21 antigen from fetal brains. Using successive column chromatography, we purified two previously unrecognized glycolipids, PGX-1 and PGX-2, from embryonic day 21 rat brains. DIM21 reacted more strongly to PGX-2 than to PGX-1. Structural analyses with 600 MHz (1)H NMR, FT-ICR mass spectrometry, and GC revealed that PGX-1 is phosphatidyl beta-d-(6-O-acetyl)glucopyranoside and PGX-2 is phosphatidyl beta-d-glucopyranoside. The yields of PGX-1 and PGX-2 were approximately 250 +/- 150 and 440 +/- 270 nmol/g of dried brains, respectively. Surprisingly, both glycolipids were composed exclusively of C18:0 at the C1 position and C20:0 at the C2 position of the glycerol backbone. This saturated fatty acyl chain composition comprising a single molecular species rarely occurs in known mammalian lipids and provides a molecular basis for why PtdGlc resides in raftlike lipid microdomains.
Symmetric Multiprocessing on Programmable Chips Made Easy (2005)

Vendor-provided softcore processors often support advanced features such as caching that work well in uniprocessor or uncoupled multiprocessor architectures. However, it is a challenge to implement symmetric multiprocessor on a programmable chip (SMPoPC) systems using such processors. This paper presents an implementation of a tightly coupled, cache-coherent symmetric multiprocessing architecture using a vendor-provided softcore processor. Experimental results show that this implementation can be achieved without invasive changes to the vendor-provided softcore processor and without degradation of the performance of the memory system.
Covalent linkage of glucose oxidase on modified glassy carbon electrodes. Kinetic phenomena (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCovalent linkage of glucose oxidase on modified glassy carbon electrodes. Kinetic phenomenaC. Bourdillon, J. P. Bourgeois, and D. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 12, 4231–4235Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00532a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00532a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alexandrite-laser performance at high temperature (1982)

The performance of a flash-pumped alexandrite laser operating in a long-pulse mode has been characterized at temperatures from 34 to 310 degrees C. Laser gain and efficiency increased monotonically up to 225 degrees C, with a peak pulse energy there more than four times the value at 34 degrees C. The output wavelength also increased monotonically from the 34 degrees C value of 752 nm to a maximum of 790 am at 310 degrees C.
Understanding Thermoforming (2008)

You have accessUnderstanding ThermoformingMay 2008Understanding ThermoformingJames L. ThroneJames L. ThroneSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446418554.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2008Pages: I-XIIIPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-40796-1eISBN: 978-3-446-41855-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2008 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Electrochemical and Structural Studies on Microcrystals of the (C<sub>60</sub>)<i><sub>x</sub></i>(CTV) Inclusion Complexes (<i>x</i> = 1, 1.5; CTV = cyclotriveratrylene) (2001)

The electrochemical reduction of microcrystals of (C60)x(CTV) (x = 1, 1.5; CTV = cyclotriveratrylene) complexes adhered to electrode surfaces in contact with CH3CN (0.10 mol L-1 Bu4NClO4) results in initial formation of (C60-)x(CTV) which is followed by the liberation of the reduced fullerene anion from the CTV cavity. The released fullerene anion then reacts with the Bu4N+ electrolyte cation to form surface-confined (Bu4N)C60 species which can in turn be further reduced to solid-state and/or solution-phase multi-charged fullerene anions or oxidized to C60(solid). The expelled CTV diffuses from the surface of the electrode into the bulk solution to form (Bu4N+)(CTV) species. The peak potential for one-electron reduction of solid (C60)x(CTV) is positively shifted by about 50 mV (x = 1) or 80 mV (x = 1.5) relative to the value for pure C60 microcrystals. These and results with other supramolecular complexes available in the literature suggest that the contact area between host and guest molecules as well as the position of high electron density area of the host are important factors that stabilize the host−guest complexes during/after the addition of electrons to the fullerene. The improved crystal structure determination of (C60)(CTV)(toluene)0.5 using X-ray diffraction data at 173 K shows a two-dimensional close packed array of fullerenes with a third of these devoid of CTV.
Electrically alterable avalanche-injection-type MOS READ-ONLY memory with stacked-gate structure (1976)

Design theory and experimental results of the WRITE and ERASE properties of a rewritable and nonvolatile avalanche-injection-type memory are reported. The memory transistor has the stacked-gate structure of a floating gate and a control gate. The threshold-voltage shift of the transistor due to injected charge is controlled by applied potential on the control gate which reduces the avalanche breakdown voltage of the drain junction and accelerates electron injection into the floating gate. The writing time is about 20 µs for a single transistor and is less than 5 s for a fully decoded 2048-bit memory with appropriate duty cycles of programming pulses. Erasure of the memory is accomplished either by ultraviolet light irradiation onto the floating gate or by electric field emission of electrons from the floating gate to the control gate. Electrical erasing is theoretically analyzed and successfully compared with experimental results on the 2K bit memory. Memory retention is also investigated and a charge-escaping model is proposed.
Immobilized HIV‐1 Tat protein promotes gene transfer via a transactivation‐independent mechanism which requires binding of Tat to viral particles (2009)

Immobilized Tat promotes virus transduction by a transactiva- tion-independent mechanism, which requires binding of virus to Tat. Recombinant Tat or Tat fragments provide a new method to increase efficiency of retro- and lentiviral based gene transfer and gene therapy.
THE EFFECT OF A TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR ON ENDOTOXIN MORTALITY AND SPLENOCYTE MEDIATOR PRODUCTION IN THE NEONATAL RAT (1999)

Tyrosine kinases mediate cellular signal transduction to endotoxin. A class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the tyrphostins, have been shown to protect mice from endotoxin-induced lethality. Neonatal rats and mice have been shown to be uniquely susceptible to lethal endotoxic shock. In our study, the effect of a lipophilic tyrphostin, AG 556, on endotoxin-induced neonatal and adult mortality and in vitro neonatal splenic cell thromboxane (TxB2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO) production were examined. Neonatal rats (<24 h old) were administered tyrphostin (100 microg subcutaneous) 2 h before an approximate LD50 dose of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (.024 mg/kg/intracardiac). There was a significant decrease in mortality in the animals pretreated with 100 microg of tyrphostin (29% mortality in the treated group, n = 41 versus 53% in the vehicle control group, n = 40; p < .05). Also in adult rats tyrphostin (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) 2 h before endotoxin (10 mg/kg intravenous) significantly improved survival (50% drug treated versus 84% in control, n = 12/group; p < .05). Adherent neonatal splenic cell mediator production of TxB2, TNF-alpha, and NO (measured by nitrite) in tyrphostin pretreated splenic cells were compared with endotoxin-stimulated splenic cells in vitro. The studies (n = 4) demonstrate an increase (p < .05) in the production of TxB2, TNF-alpha, and NO in the endotoxin- (10 microg/mL) stimulated adherent splenic cells compared with basal. Tyrphostin pretreatment (10, 20, 50 microM) produced a dose-dependent decrease (p < .05) in endotoxin-stimulated TxB2 and TNF-alpha production. NO production was not significantly reduced. In conclusion, tryphostin appears to have a protective effect on mortality in both adult and neonatal rat endotoxic shock. Tyrphostin decreased specific mediator production in stimulated neonatal cells. Thus, inhibition of signal transduction pathways of endotoxin activation by tyrosine kinase inhibition may provide an effective approach to treat endotoxic shock in the neonate.