gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of the repressor gene of the Staphylococcus aureus lactose operon (1987)

The genes responsible for utilization of lactose in Staphylococcus aureus are organized as an inducible operon, with galactose 6-phosphate being the intracellular inducer. To clone the repressor gene of this operon, we constructed an integration vehicle carrying 1.9 kilobases (kb) of DNA sequences from a region upstream of the structural genes of the operon. Through integration and subsequent rescue of this plasmid, we were able to clone approximately 7 kb of staphylococcal chromosomal DNA. We have shown that the plasmid insert complemented lac constitutive mutants. This repressor activity was localized to a 1.8-kb DNA fragment and, through maxicell analysis, was shown to correlate with the presence of a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 32,000. Furthermore, a region between the repressor gene and the other genes of the operon was identified which, when carried on multicopy plasmids, resulted in expression of the operon in the absence of any exogenous induction. This region may represent an operator-type element capable of titrating repressor molecules away from chromosomal operator, allowing transcription of the operon in the absence of induction.
Simultaneous measurement of Ca2+, contraction, and potential in cardiac myocytes (1990)

A system is described that can simultaneously record cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), cell length, and either membrane potential or current in single cardiac myocytes loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator indo-1. Fluorescence is excited by epi-illumination with 3.8-microsecond flashes of 350 +/- 5 nm light from a xenon arc. Indo-1 fluoresence is measured simultaneously in spectral windows of 391-434 nm and 457-507 nm, and the ratio of indo-1 emission in the two bands is computed as a measure of [Ca2+]i for each flash. With cells loaded with the permeant acetoxymethyl ester of indo-1, quantitation of [Ca2+]i is not precise, owing to subcellular compartmentation of indo-1; however, the instrument would allow full quantitation if indo-1 free acid was introduced by microinjection. Simultaneously, cell length is measured on-line from the bright-field image of the cell. Because fluorescence collection is time gated during the brief flash, and red light (650-750 nm) is used for the bright-field image, cell length and [Ca2+]i measurements are obtained simultaneously without cross talk. Membrane potential or current can be recorded simultaneously with indo-1 fluorescence and cell length via standard patch-clamping techniques.
Modeling wind farms for power system stability studies (2004)

Wind energy conversion systems comprise mechanical and electrical equipment and their controls. Modeling these systems for power system stability simulation studies requires careful analysis of the equipment and controls to determine the characteristics that are important in the timeframe and bandwidth of such studies. Just as important, the characteristics must be reviewed to put aside factors that can be important for wind turbine/wind farm design but do not play a decisive role for the wind turbine/wind farm response from a system standpoint or whose characteristics are not relevant to the frequency range typical for power system stability performance. With this in mind, models of wind turbine units and wind farms are being developed for a commercial power system load flow and stability simulation package. All significant air-dynamical, mechanical, and electrical factors have been reviewed and are modeled appropriately. Load flow models allow aggregation of wind farms comprising tens to hundreds of wind turbine units and easy addition of an equivalent of the wind farm to the model of the existing system. Dynamic models represent different types of constant speed and variable speed technologies currently employed by manufacturers, with their controls.
A general model for hiding control flow (2010)

This paper proposes a general model for hiding control flow graph flattening in C programs. We explain what control flow graph flattening is and illustrate why it is successful as protection against static control flow analysis. Furthermore, we propose a scheme, complementary to control flow graph flattening, which does not leak any control flow graph information statically. Instead of relying on ad hoc security by using variable aliasing and global pointers to complicate data flow analysis of the switch variable, we try to base our security claims more on information theory, data flow, and cryptography. Our formal model is structured and extendable. Moreover, it can specify which minimum of information to hide from the program (e.g. a secret value or function) such that no control flow information is leaked. To express the robustness of our scheme we present some attacks and their feasibility. Finally, we sketch a few scenarios in which our solution could be deployed.
Determination of Methanol and Methyl <i>tert</i>-Butyl Ether in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy Using the CIRCLE® Cell and Multivariate Calibration (1993)

The feasibility of predicting concentrations of methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasolines from the mid-infrared absorption spectra was investigated. The C-O bond stretching band region was related to these oxygenated compounds' levels with the aid of multivariate statistics. The sample spectra were taken with the use of a circular internal reflectance (CIRCLE®) cell. With the use of partial least-squares (PLS) regression a model with 18 samples was built and used to predict a set of 10 gasolines with good agreement. Two additional samples prepared with other brands of gasoline were analyzed with the same model and no matrix effects were found.
Emerging equity markets in India: a case study (1998)

Defines the term “emerging market” and identifies the necessary preconditions which allow stock markets to develop: government commitment, market economy, a legal system and generally available education. Discusses some factors affecting equity market growth, e.g. economic and regulatory development/reform, legal and market structure reform, requirements for financial intermediaries, disclosure, accounting standards and education/training for participants in financial markets. Explains how these factors apply to India, giving statistical indicators for the economy and the Bombay Stock Exchange for 1991‐1995. Believes the prospects for foreign and domestic equity investment in India and other developing countries are good providing that they maintain a stable economy and an investor‐friendly environment
Aromatic-degrading Sphingomonas isolates from the deep subsurface (1995)

An obligately aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacterium (strain F199) previously isolated from Southeast Coastal Plain subsurface sediments and shown to degrade toluene, naphthalene, and other aromatic compounds (J. K. Fredrickson, F. J. Brockman, D. J. Workman, S. W. Li, and T. O. Stevens, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:796-803, 1991) was characterized by analysis of its 16S rRNA nucleotide base sequence and cellular lipid composition. Strain F199 contained 2-OH14:0 and 18:1 omega 7c as the predominant cellular fatty acids and sphingolipids that are characteristic of the genus Sphingomonas. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA sequence indicated that F199 was most closely related to Sphingomonas capsulata among the bacteria currently in the Ribosomal Database. Five additional isolates from deep Southeast Coastal Plain sediments were determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis to be closely related to F199. These strains also contained characteristic sphingolipids. Four of these five strains could also grow on a broad range of aromatic compounds and could mineralize [14C]toluene and [14C]naphthalene. S. capsulata (ATCC 14666), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (ATCC 29837), and one of the subsurface isolates were unable to grow on any of the aromatic compounds or mineralize toluene or naphthalene. These results indicate that bacteria within the genus Sphingomonas are present in Southeast Coastal Plain subsurface sediments and that the capacity for degrading a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds appears to be common among Sphingomonas species from this environment.
Influence of Respiration and Changes in Expiratory Pressure on Cerebral Haemoglobin Concentration Measured by near Infrared Spectroscopy (1996)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure the changes in concentration of cerebral oxy- and deoxygenated haemoglobin ([HbO2] and [Hb]) in six healthy adult volunteers spontaneously breathing against increased expiratory pressures (IEPs) between 0 and 20 cm H2O. During expiration, an increase in [HbO2] was recorded, accompanied by a smaller decrease in [Hb], producing a small increase in total cerebral haemoglobin concentration ([Hbsum]). The mean plus/minus SD change in [Hbsum] at the maximum 1EP of 20 cm H2O was 1.2 +/- 0.7 micromol L-1 (equivalent to 1.4%). Changes in [Hbsum] correlated with IEP level (r = 0.95) and changes in MABP (r = 0.96). The results suggest that homeostatic mechanism do not maintain cerebral blood volume or flow constant over the period of a single breath in normal adults.
An update on SIPHER (Scalable Implementation of Primitives for Homomorphic EncRyption) &#x2014; FPGA implementation using Simulink (2012)

Accelerating the development of a practical Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) scheme is the goal of the DARPA PROCEED program. For the past year, this program has had as its focus the acceleration of various aspects of the FHE concept toward practical implementation and use. FHE would be a game-changing technology to enable secure, general computation on encrypted data, e.g., on untrusted off-site hardware. However, FHE will still require several orders of magnitude improvement in computation before it will be practical for widespread use. Recent theoretical breakthroughs demonstrated the existence of FHE schemes [1, 2], and to date much progress has been made in both algorithmic and implementation improvements. Specifically our contribution to the Proceed program has been the development of FPGA based hardware primitives to accelerate the computation on encrypted data using FHE based on lattice techniques [3]. Our project, SIPHER, has been using a state of the art tool-chain developed by Mathworks to implement VHDL code for FPGA circuits directly from Simulink models. Our baseline Homomorphic Encryption prototypes are developed directly in Matlab using the fixed point toolbox to perform the required integer arithmetic. Constant improvements in algorithms require us to be able to quickly implement them in a high level language such as Matlab. We reported on our initial results at HPEC 2011 [4]. In the past year, increases in algorithm complexity have introduced several new design requirements for our FPGA implementation. This report presents new Simulink primitives that had to be developed to deal with these new requirements.
FMCW radar with broadband communication capability (2007)

The use of amplitude modulation to encode information onto an FMCW radar signal is proposed in this paper. This new technique, that has been named AM-FMCW communicating radar, provides a new channel for broadband communication by reusing the radar frequencies and without introducing any distortion in the radar functionality.
A Memristor SPICE Model Accounting for Synaptic Activity Dependence (2015)

In this work, we propose a new memristor SPICE model that accounts for the typical synaptic characteristics that have been previously demonstrated with practical memristive devices. We show that this model could account for both volatile and non-volatile memristance changes under distinct stimuli. We then demonstrate that our model is capable of supporting typical STDP with simple non-overlapping digital pulse pairs. Finally, we investigate the capability of our model to simulate the activity dependence dynamics of synaptic modification and present simulated results that are in excellent agreement with biological results.
Unusual Flexoelectric Effect in Two-Dimensional Noncentrosymmetric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>-Bonded Crystals (2009)

We find, with the use of the first-principles calculations, that the single-atom-thick sp2-bonded noncentrosymmetric crystals like boron-nitride (BN) sheet exhibit an unusual nonlinear electromechanical effect: they become strongly macroscopically polarized in a corrugated state (or it induces significant changes in an initially polarized state of a sheet like BC2N). The direction of the induced polarization is in a plane of the film and depends nonanalytically on the corrugation wave vector k. The magnitude of the polarization can reach very large values in spite of its quadratic dependence on atomic displacements due to BN sheets being able to tolerate very large mechanical strains, similar to carbon nanotubes, and this makes this general behavior of noncentrosymmetric bodies perturbed out of equilibrium quite unique. The effect may find various applications, in particular, in a new type of nanogenerators.
The genus Bifidobacterium for cancer gene therapy. (2002)

A fundamental obstacle in cancer gene therapy is the specific targeting of therapy to solid tumor; as yet, no systemic delivery system exists. Bifidobacterium longum, a strain of domestic bacteria that is non-pathogenic and anaerobic, selectively localized to and proliferated in solid tumors after systemic application. We propose a novel approach to cancer gene therapy in which anaerobic bacteria of the genus B longum are used to achieve tumor-specific gene delivery and enzyme-prodrug therapy.
A highly reconfigurable 65nm CMOS RF-to-bits transceiver for full-band multicarrier TDD/FDD 2G/3G/4G/5G macro basestations (2018)

This paper presents a 65nm 2-TX, 2-RX RF-to-bits basestation transceiver with 200MHz large-signal BW and 450MHz DPD synthesis/observation BW, and LO frequencies from 400MHz to 6GHz. For FDD operation the TRX supports a low-IF mode that meets the dynamic range requirements of GSM basestations. It provides full-band multicarrier (MC) operation in all TDD/FDD 3GPP bands for 2G/3G/4G/5G radios. The SoC includes an 8×16Gb/s SERDES interface, two receivers, two transmitters, and a digital pre-distortion (DPD) feedback RX (FBRX) (Fig. 9.3.1). The FBRX employs a “stitching” system that combines the outputs of both RX basebands to provide 450MHz of observation BW. Three PLLs provide the digital/converter/SERDES clocks, a calibration LO, and an RF LO that meets GSM TX phase-noise requirements. Digital interpolation, decimation, AGC, TX Power control, and calibrations are managed by an integrated ARM Cortex M3. Internal calibration timing is adaptable to support 3G/4G/5G subframe timing requirements. The SoC is a single-chip solution for TDD, and a two-chip set for FDD. GSM requires an external Lo for the RX. Power dissipation in the maximum BW mode (2T/2R/1FBRX, 450/200/450MHz, 0dB RF attenuation, 50% TX/RX duty cycle for TDD) is 4.1W for TDD and 6.6W for FDD.
Separation of sperm and vaginal cells based on ploidy, MHC class I -, CD45 -, and cytokeratin expression for enhancement of DNA typing after sexual assault (1999)

We were able to show that separation of sperm and vaginal cells using cell sorting with flow cytometry may be crucial when there is only a few sperm detectable after rape.
Modulation of mesenchymal stem cell actin organization on conventional microcarriers for proliferation and differentiation in stirred bioreactors (2012)

Tissue engineering applications require an appropriate combination of a cell population, biochemical factors and scaffold materials. In this field, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerge as an attractive cell population, due to their ready availability and their potential to be differentiated into various mesodermal cell types. Commercially available microcarriers have been recently recognized as an efficient tool for the propagation of such cells compared to traditional monolayer culture, enabling efficient scale-up and serving as a cell delivery system. The organization of actin as well as the induction of its effectors was previously shown to affect dramatically both proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in monolayer culture. To achieve mass scale production of differentiated cells derived from MSCs in scalable stirred bioreactors, this work aims at rationally screening microcarriers based on the characterization of actin organization. First, among the various supports tested, gelatin-based microcarriers were found to be most suitable for MSC expansion, due to their best-adapted actin organization compared to monolayer cultures. Secondly, the proper actin organization on Cultispher-S was closely linked to its ability to bind serum adhesion molecules enabling Rho GTPase activation. Finally, by modulating actin behaviour, it was feasible to efficiently guide MSC differentiation on microcarriers. Taken together, these results show that controlling actin behaviour is a good strategy toward mass scale sequential expansion followed by differentiation of MSCs in a microcarrier based bioreactor.
The effects of drilling parameters on the acoustic drilling signature of the squamous temporal bone: A categorical multivariate regressive analysis (2010)

This paper investigates the effects of drill speed, burr type, burr style, and stroke speed on the acoustics that are generated from a surgical drill when dissecting the squamous temporal bone region. Multivariate regression is used to analyse and predict the Mel frequency cepstrum of the audio that is generated during the procedure. It is seen that each of drilling parameters along with their higher order interaction terms has a significant affect on the acoustic drilling signature of the squamous temporal bone. Furthermore, it was established, for the first time, that a categorical multivariate regressive model could consistently predict the Mel frequency cepstrum of the squamous temporal bone with accuracy of 97.78% with only 2 seconds of audio training data. This represents a significant advance on previously reported work.
Optimization-Based Decision Support Software for a Team-in-the-Loop Experiment: Multilevel Asset Allocation (2014)

Motivated by the Navy's interest in decision support tools that augment planning activities within a maritime operations center (MOC), we have developed a multilevel resource allocation model that is capable of interacting with human planners to dynamically allocate hierarchically-organized assets to process interdependent tasks in order to accomplish mission objectives. The planning problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem of minimizing the overall difference between the human-specified desired task accuracy performance criteria and the expected performance outcomes, the latter being based on how well the assigned resources match the required resources, subject to a number of real-world planning constraints. To solve the resulting large-scale MINLP problem, we propose two methods: 1) a Lagrangian relaxation method that solves the multilevel asset allocation problem with a measure of sub-optimality in terms of an approximate duality gap and 2) a dynamic list planning heuristic algorithm that provides high-quality sub-optimal solutions rapidly (less than 10 s for the scenarios considered here). Finally, we verify our methods using realistic MOC planning scenarios, provide a comparative evaluation of the performance measures of the two proposed methods, and investigate the value of information via human-in-the-loop experiments.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Silicate Film and Its Application to OTFTs (2010)

Abstract not Available.
An Efficient Route to Alkyl Chlorides from Alcohols Using the Complex TCT/DMF (2002)

[reaction: see text] Efficient conversion of alcohols and beta-amino alcohols to the corresponding chlorides (and bromides) can be carried out at room temperature in methylene chloride, using 2,4,6-trichloro[1,3,5]triazine and N,N-dimethyl formamide. This procedure can also be applied to optically active carbinols.
Boosting Manifold Ranking for Image Retrieval by Mining Query Log Repeatedly (2014)

Manifold Ranking (MR) is one popular and successful technique for relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). However, existing MR methods have two main drawbacks. First, the affinity matrix used by MR is computed purely based on the visual features of images, which fails to accurately capture the semantic structure of image database. Second, the existing MR methods often suffer from the “cold start” problem where the feedback example set is quite small. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme that double exploits the query log in MR to address the drawbacks. In details, the correlation between each pair of database images is first estimated based on a query log, which serves to adjust the affinity matrix towards semantic structure. Then, the relevance score of each database image to the user’s query is further inferred from the query log, which could be used to produce more pseudo-labeled examples to handle the “cold start” problem. An empirical study shows that the proposed scheme is more effective than the state-of-the-art approaches.
Integrated aeroservoelastic tailoring of lifting surfaces (1988)

An approach to the integration of two design activities, structural design and active control design, for a highly idealized aeroservoelastic system is presented. The particular design goal for this study is the maximization of the stable airspeed envelope of an idealized model of an aeroservoelastic system through rational and systematic variation of structural and control design parameters. The steady-state linear quadratic regulator is used to model the control subsystem; the structural subsystem is assigned characteristic design parameters, such as shear center position. The application of the procedure described here produces optimally controlled structures with stability characteristics superior to those of open-loop and initial closed-loop designs.
Acute myeloid leukaemia as a cause of acute ischaemic heart disease. (2006)

Ischaemic heart disease is almost invariably the result of atherosclerotic degeneration of the coronary arteries. However, other causes of ischaemic heart disease should always be considered. Here we describe two patients with a classic presentation of ischaemic heart disease resulting from acute leukaemia. The pathophysiological mechanisms of acute leukaemia leading to ischaemic heart disease are discussed.