gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parental cancer and the family (2010)

There is a large population of families for whom cancer may pose special challenges and for whom assessment of needs and referral to resources are essential.
Photoinduced Charge Separation Promoted by Ring Opening of a Piperazine Radical Cation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPhotoinduced Charge Separation Promoted by Ring Opening of a Piperazine Radical CationLucian A. Lucia, David G. Whitten, and Kirk S. SchanzeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3057–3058Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received17 November 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953865zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953865zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Charge recombination,Charge transfer,Light absorption,Metal to ligand charge transfer Get e-Alerts
Card sorting: current practices and beyond (2008)

Card sorting was originally developed by psychologists as a method to the study of how people organize and categorize their knowledge. As the name implies, the method originally consisted of researchers writing labels representing concepts (either abstract or concrete) on cards, and then asking participants to sort (categorize) the cards into piles that were similar in some way. After sorting the cards into piles, the participants were then asked to give the piles a name or phrase that would indicate what the concepts in a particular pile had in common.
Development of New Cationic Surfactant "AG" and application for Hair Conditioners. (1996)

本研究では我々が新しく開発したC 12 A 4G (AG) を配合したヘアーコンディショナーの有用性, 特徴性能を評価すると共にC 12 A 4Gの毛髪への吸着挙動, 特徴性能発現メカニズムを界面化学的に解析した。C 12 A 4Gは汎用の4級塩と異なりカチオン性基としてグアニジノ基を持ち, 抱水能強化のため4つのメチレン基を中間鎖としてアミドーメチレン基を組み込んだラウロイル基を持つアミドグアニジン型カチオン活性剤の名称である。C 12 A 4G及びこれを配合のヘアーコンディショナー処理毛は特に低湿度で優れた保湿性を示した。また, C 12 A 4G配合のコンディショナーはすすぎ時に今までになく髪をなめらかにするという大きな特徴を示し, 残存感も得られるため消費者は十分ダメージケア効果を想起できるものであった。これらの特徴はC 12 A 4Gの分子構造及びセチルアルコールとの会合体に由来する。今回C 12 A 4Gの毛髪への吸着挙動を明らかにし, DSC, ESRを用いこの会合体を解析した。その結果, C 12 A 4Gは毛髪に高吸着性を示すこと, 及びその会合体は汎用の4級塩の場合より抱水能に優れることが示唆された。さらにC 12 A 4Gは安全性も良好であり, 近い将来4級塩に代わる原料として極めて有望である。
Cell Death Mechanisms and Their Implications in Toxicology (2010)

Necrotic cell death was long regarded as the ultimate consequence of chemical toxicity and was thought to result from simple cell failure because of toxic interference with vital cell functions. Introduction of the novel concept of programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, has changed this view dramatically. This development has been further stimulated by the characterization of several other genetically PCD modalities, such as autophagy and pyroptosis. Like apoptosis, these modes of cell death are governed by complex signaling networks, containing "switches" responsible for cross talk between them. Recruitment or repression of these cell death signaling networks by foreign chemicals can lead to acute as well as chronic toxicity. In many instances, such effects of toxicants are mediated by disruption/modulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis or increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria or other intracellular compartments. Caspases, calpains, lysosomal proteases, and endonucleases are the main executioners of cell death, and they often co-operate during the execution stage of apoptosis. Finally, dead or dying cells are recognized and engulfed by phagocytes to prevent inflammation and associated tissue damage. Defective macrophage engulfment and degradation of cell corpses may also result from toxicity and can contribute to both the inflammatory response and dysregulation of tissue homeostasis. Hence, the cell death and phagocytosis regulatory networks offer a multitude of targets for toxic chemicals.
CYCLIC AMINOACYLOINS. RING-SIZE LIMITATION OF TRANSANNULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN N AND C<sub>CO</sub> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCYCLIC AMINOACYLOINS. RING-SIZE LIMITATION OF TRANSANNULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN N AND CCONelson J. Leonard, Richard C. Fox, Michinori Oki, and Stefano ChiavarelliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 630–631Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a105https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gas to Liquids: Beyond Fischer Tropsch (2013)

Abstract The oil and gas industry has long sought ways of converting difficult to transport natural gas into easily transported liquids, especially from remote locations where local opportunities to market natural gas are limited. In recent years, interest in Gas To Liquids (GTL) has expanded beyond such "stranded" gas because of a widening spread between the market value of natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids even in locations with mature natural gas markets such as the USA. The Fischer Tropsch (FT) process is a well-known and established method of producing hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas; for some, it has become synonymous with GTL. This paper points out that commercial and near commercial alternatives to the FT process exist and may be commercially superior in somesettings. The focus is on technologies that have been successfully piloted. Available alternatives to FT are primarily natural gas to methanol and methanol derivatives. Methanol synthesis is one of the most mature industrial processes and methanol annual production volume ranks among the top three products in the petrochemical industry. Traditionally, methanol has been primarily a precursor to formaldehyde and acetic acid. In recent years, methanol has achieved added importance as an precursor to olefins and motor fuels, including direct blending into the gasoline pool, and also as a precursor to many motor fuel products such as gasoline and MTBE, a gasoline additive still very important outside the U.S., and DME, a diesel fuel substitute. Natural gas to ethanol, ammonia, and ammonia derivatives will also be considered.
A seismic reference model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath China from surface wave dispersion (2016)

Using data from more than 2000 seismic stations from multiple networks arrayed throughout China (CEArray, China Array, NECESS, PASSCAL, GSN) and surrounding regions (Korean Seismic Network, F-Net, KNET), we perform ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across the entire region and earthquake tomography across parts of South China and Northeast China. We produce isotropic Rayleigh wave group and phase speed maps with uncertainty estimates from 8 to 50 s period across the entire region of study, and extend them to 70 s period where earthquake tomography is performed. Maps of azimuthal anisotropy are estimated simultaneously to minimize anisotropic bias in the isotropic maps, but are not discussed here. The 3D model is produced using a Bayesian Monte Carlo formalism covering all of China, extending eastwards through the Korean Peninsula, into the marginal seas, to Japan. We define the final model as the mean and standard deviation of the posterior distribution at each location on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid from the surface to 150 km depth. Surface wave dispersion data do not strongly constrain internal interfaces, but shear wave speeds between the discontinuities in the crystalline crust and uppermost mantle are well determined. We design the resulting model as a reference model, which is intended to be useful to other researchers as a starting model, to predict seismic wave fields and observables and to predict other types of data (e.g. topography, gravity). The model and the data on which it is based are available for download. In addition, the model displays a great variety and considerable richness of geological and tectonic features in the crust and in the uppermost mantle deserving of further focus and continued interpretation.
Iron reduction by psychrotrophic enrichment cultures (1999)

Psychrotrophic (<20°C) enrichment cultures from deep Pacific marine sediments and Alaskan tundra permafrost reduced ferric iron when using organic acids or H2 as electron donors. The representative culture W3-7 from the Pacific sediments grew fastest at 10°C, which was 5-fold faster than at 25°C and more than 40-fold faster than at 4°C. Fe(III) reduction was also the fastest at 10°C, which was 2-fold faster than at 25°C and 12-fold faster than at 4°C. Overall, about 80% of the enrichment cultures exhibited microbial Fe(III) reduction under psychrotrophic conditions. These results indicated that microbial iron reduction is likely widespread in cold natural environments and may play important roles in cycling of iron and organic matter over geological times.
Effect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria (1997)

Estimations of the bacterial content of air can be more easily made now than a decade ago, with colony formation the method of choice for enumeration of airborne bacteria. However, plate counts are subject to error because bacteria exposed to the air may remain viable yet lose the ability to form colonies, i.e., they become viable but nonculturable. If airborne bacteria exhibit this phenomenon, colony formation data will significantly underestimate the bacterial populations in air samples. The objective of the study reported here was to determine the effect of aerosolization on viability and colony-forming ability of Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella planticola, and Cytophaga allerginae. A collision nebulizer was used to spray bacterial suspensions into an aerosol chamber, after which duplicate samples were collected in all-glass impingers over a 4-h period. Humidity was maintained at ca. 20 to 25%, and temperature was maintained at 20 to 22 degrees C for each of two replicate trials per microorganism. Viability was determined by using a modified direct viable count method, employing nalidixic acid or aztreonam and p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT). Cells were stained with acridine orange and observed by epifluorescence microscopy to enumerate total and viable cells. Viable cells were defined as those elongating in the presence of antibiotic and/or reducing INT. CFU were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar and R2A agar. It was found that culture techniques did not provide an adequate description of the bacterial burdens of indoor air (i.e., less than 10% of the aerosolized bacteria were capable of forming visible colonies). It is concluded that total cell count procedures provide a better approximation of the number of bacterial cells in air and that procedures other than plate counting are needed to enumerate bacteria in aerosol samples, especially if the public health quality of indoor air is to be estimated.
TALE-PvuII Fusion Proteins – Novel Tools for Gene Targeting (2013)

Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) consist of zinc fingers as DNA-binding module and the non-specific DNA-cleavage domain of the restriction endonuclease FokI as DNA-cleavage module. This architecture is also used by TALE nucleases (TALENs), in which the DNA-binding modules of the ZFNs have been replaced by DNA-binding domains based on transcription activator like effector (TALE) proteins. Both TALENs and ZFNs are programmable nucleases which rely on the dimerization of FokI to induce double-strand DNA cleavage at the target site after recognition of the target DNA by the respective DNA-binding module. TALENs seem to have an advantage over ZFNs, as the assembly of TALE proteins is easier than that of ZFNs. Here, we present evidence that variant TALENs can be produced by replacing the catalytic domain of FokI with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. These fusion proteins recognize only the composite recognition site consisting of the target site of the TALE protein and the PvuII recognition sequence (addressed site), but not isolated TALE or PvuII recognition sites (unaddressed sites), even at high excess of protein over DNA and long incubation times. In vitro, their preference for an addressed over an unaddressed site is > 34,000-fold. Moreover, TALE-PvuII fusion proteins are active in cellula with minimal cytotoxicity.
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers—The Issue of Dendritic Purity or Polydispersity (1997)

Abstract Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is used to analyze in detail the structure of the first five generations of the poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with 4–64 end groups. Although the reaction sequence to prepare these dendrimers is highly optimized, an accumulation of statistical defects is observed at higher generations. A simple statistical simulation allows the assignment of all peaks in the deconvoluted spectrum and the determination of yields for each side reaction in the formation of each generation. The fifth generation of the poly(propylene imine) dendrimer containing amine end groups, which is formed after 248 consecutive reaction steps, possesses a dendritic purity of approx. 20%, which corresponds to a polydispersity of approximately 1.002. The defects in the divergent growth patterns of dendrimers are compared to those observed in the Merrifield synthesis of polypeptides.
Near-Infrared Emitting Polymer Nanogels for Efficient Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping (2012)

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been widely used to predict the metastatic spread of primary tumor to regional lymph nodes in clinical practice. In this research, a new near-infrared (NIR)-emitting polymer nanogel (NIR-PNG) having a hydrodynamic diameter of about 30 nm, which is optimal for lymph node uptake, was developed. The NIR-emitting polymer nanoprobes were designed and synthesized by conjugating IRDye800 organic dye to biodegradable pullulan-cholesterol polymer nanogels. The NIR-PNG nanoprobes were found to be photostable compared with the IRDye800-free dye at room temperature. Upon intradermal injection of the NIR-PNG into the front paw of a mouse, the nanoprobes entered the lymphatic system and migrated to the axillary lymph node within 2 min. The NIR fluorescence signal intensity and retention time of NIR-PNG in the lymph node were superior to the corresponding properties of the IRDye800-free dye. A immunohistofluorescence study of the SLN resected under NIR imaging revealed that the NIR-PNG nanoprobes were predominantly co-localized with macrophages and dendritic cells. Intradermal injection of NIR-PNG nanoprobes into the thigh of a pig permitted real-time imaging of the lymphatic flow toward the SLN. The position of the SLN was identified within 1 min with the help of the NIR fluorescence images. Taken together, the experimental results demonstrating the enhanced photostability and retention time of the NIR-PNG provide strong evidence for the potential utility of these polymer probes in cancer surgery such as SLN mapping.
Mammalian origins of replication (1992)

It has been almost twenty-five years since Huberman and Riggs first showed that there are multiple bidirectional origins of replication scattered at approximately 100 kb intervals along mammalian chromosomal fibers. Since that time, every conceivable physical property unique to replicating DNA has been taken advantage of to determine whether origins of replication are defined sequence elements, as they are in microorganisms. The most thoroughly studied mammalian locus to date is the dihydrofolate reductase domain of Chinese hamster cells, which will be used as a model to discuss the various methods of investigation. While several laboratories agree on the rough location of the 'initiation locus' in this large chromosomal domain, different experimental approaches paint different pictures of the mechanism by which initiation occurs. However, a variety of new techniques and synchronizing agents promises to clarify the picture for this particular locus, and to provide the means for identifying and isolating other origins of replication for comparison.
Human-iPSC-Derived Cardiac Stromal Cells Enhance Maturation in 3D Cardiac Microtissues and Reveal Non-cardiomyocyte Contributions to Heart Disease (2020)

Cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are functionally immature, but this is improved by incorporation into engineered tissues or forced contraction. Here, we showed that tri-cellular combinations of hiPSC-derived CMs, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and cardiac endothelial cells also enhance maturation in easily constructed, scaffold-free, three-dimensional microtissues (MTs). hiPSC-CMs in MTs with CFs showed improved sarcomeric structures with T-tubules, enhanced contractility, and mitochondrial respiration and were electrophysiologically more mature than MTs without CFs. Interactions mediating maturation included coupling between hiPSC-CMs and CFs through connexin 43 (CX43) gap junctions and increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Scaled production of thousands of hiPSC-MTs was highly reproducible across lines and differentiated cell batches. MTs containing healthy-control hiPSC-CMs but hiPSC-CFs from patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy strikingly recapitulated features of the disease. Our MT model is thus a simple and versatile platform for modeling multicellular cardiac diseases that will facilitate industry and academic engagement in high-throughput molecular screening.
Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology for Trace Contaminant Control in Aircraft and Spacecraft (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel approach to vehicle airborne contaminant removal based on UV illumination of the photoactive semiconductor TiO<sub>2</sub> (titania) at room temperature is described. This paper describes fundamental surface chemistry measurements, prototype development, and theoretical models needed for practical application of the technology. The process of incorporating this information into the design of effective air-purifiers for cabin air applications is described.</div>
3.1.1.2 Feed Processing and Handling DL2 Final Report (2006)

This milestone report is the deliverable for our Feed Processing and Handling project. It includes results of wet biomass feedstock analysis, slurry pumping information, fungal processing to produce a lignin-rich biorefinery residue and two subcontracted efforts to quantify the amount of wet biomass feedstocks currently available within the corn processing and paper processing industries.
Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis—The Selectivity Challenge (2016)

Here, the N<sub>2</sub> molecule is particularly inert; the N–N triple bond is one of the most stable in all of chemistry, and in addition, the molecule has no dipole moment and a very low polarizability.
Transmission performance of adaptively modulated optical OFDM signals in multimode fiber links (2005)

A novel optical signal modulation concept of adaptively modulated optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (AMOOFDM) is proposed and numerical simulations of the transmission performance of AMOOFDM signals are undertaken in unamplified multimode fiber (MMF)-based links using directly modulated distributed feedback lasers (DMLs). It is shown that 28 Gb/s intensity modulation and direct-detection AMOOFDM signal transmission over 300-m MMFs is feasible in unamplified DML-based links having 3-dB bandwidths of 150MHz/km. In addition, AMOOFDM is less susceptible to modal dispersion and variation in launching conditions when compared with existing schemes.
Fast three-dimensional random access multi-photon microscopy for functional recording of neuronal activity (2007)

The dendritic processes of neurons have been shown to possess active and dynamic properties that give them the ability to modulate synaptic integration and shape individual synaptic responses. Effectively studying these properties at multiple locations on a live neuron in highly light scattering brain tissue requires an imaging/recording mechanism with high spatio-temporal resolution as well as optical sectioning and random access site selection capabilities. Our lab has made significant steps in developing such a system by combining the spatial resolution and optical sectioning ability of advanced imaging techniques such as confocal and multi-photon microscopy with the temporal resolution and random access capability provided by acousto-optic laser scanning. However, all systems that have been developed to date restrict fast imaging to two-dimensional (2D) scan patterns. This severely limits the extent to which many neurons can be studied since they represent complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. We have previously demonstrated a scheme for fast 3D scanning which utilizes a unique arrangement of acoustooptic deflectors and does not require axial movements of the objective lens. We have also shown how, when used with the ultra-fast laser pulses needed in multi-photon microscopy, this scheme inherently compensates for the spatial dispersion which would otherwise significantly reduce the resolution of acousto-optic based multi-photon microscopy. We have now coupled this scanning scheme to a modified commercial research microscope and use the combined system to effectively image user-defined sites of interest on fluorescent 3D structures with positioning times that are in the low microsecond (μs) range. The resulting random-access scanning mechanism allows for functional imaging of complex 3D structures such as neuronal dendrites at several thousand volumes per second.
The Arithmetic Mean (1978)

In the statistician's world arithmetic is rarely simple and a desk or pocket calculator is often needed. But many problems are easier than one thinks and this chapter will show the way.
Non-isoprenoid long chain phenols (1979)

J. H. P. Tyman, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1979, 8, 499 DOI: 10.1039/CS9790800499