gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factorisation en matrices non négatives pour le filtrage collaboratif. (2006)

RÉSUMÉ. Les systèmes de filtrage collaboratif (FC) aident un utilisateur à trouver l'information qui l'intéresse à partir des jugements d'autres utilisateurs. Ces systèmes sont utilisés princi- palement par des sites Web pour faire des recommandations. En général, les systèmes de FC demandent aux utilisateurs de fournir des jugements sur des articles de leur choix, exprimés sous la forme d'une note, un réel positif borné. L'objectif d'un système est alors de compa- rer les goûts des utilisateurs afin de prédire les notes qui n'ont pas été fournies au système. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme pour effectuer ces prédictions, basé sur la méthode de réduction dimensionnelle appelée factorisation en matrices non négatives, connue en analyse d'images et de textes. Nous testons l'approche sur une tâche de recommandation de films, et montrons qu'elle possède des performances comparables à l'état de l'art. De plus, la méthode présente les avantages d'être très simple à implanter, de faible complexité, et permet d'identifier des groupes de films dont les notes sont corrélées entre les utilisateurs.
[(NHC)<sub>2</sub>Cu]X Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry at Low Catalyst Loadings (2008)

La click, c'est chic! A catalytic system based on an [(NHC)2Cu]X complex (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) was developed for the [3+2] cycloaddition of azides with alkynes under click conditions (see scheme). This system is broad in scope and highly efficient (turnover frequencies up to 5000 h−1) even at very low catalyst loadings (down to 40 ppm). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a specific precatalyst-activation pathway. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Budget Deficits (2008)

This article describes alternative measures of the federal budget deficit, discusses traditional and non-traditional channels through which deficits can affect the economy, and summarizes research on the effects of deficits on national saving and interest rates.
Specialization of Function Among Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: The <i>ALD2</i> and <i>ALD3</i> Genes Are Required for β-Alanine Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Abstract The amino acid β-alanine is an intermediate in pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. In contrast to bacteria, yeast derive the β-alanine required for pantothenic acid production via polyamine metabolism, mediated by the four SPE genes and by the FAD-dependent amine oxidase encoded by FMS1. Because amine oxidases generally produce aldehyde derivatives of amine compounds, we propose that an additional aldehyde-dehydrogenase-mediated step is required to make β-alanine from the precursor aldehyde, 3-aminopropanal. This study presents evidence that the closely related aldehyde dehydrogenase genes ALD2 and ALD3 are required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis via conversion of 3-aminopropanal to β-alanine in vivo. While deletion of the nuclear gene encoding the unrelated mitochondrial Ald5p resulted in an enhanced requirement for pantothenic acid pathway metabolites, we found no evidence to indicate that the Ald5p functions directly in the conversion of 3-aminopropanal to β-alanine. Thus, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ALD2 and ALD3 are specialized for β-alanine biosynthesis and are consequently involved in the cellular biosynthesis of coenzyme A.
Identification and Enrichment of α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Dihydrostilbene and Flavonoids from <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Leaves (2016)

To exploit Glycyrrhiza uralensis resources, we examined the bioactive constituents of G. uralensis leaves. Seven chemical components were isolated by repeat column chromatography, and using spectroscopic methods, their structures were determined to be a novel prenylated dihydrostilbene, α,α'-dihydro-3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-2,5'-diprenylstilbene (1); a methylated flavonoid, quercetin-3-Me ether (4); and 5 prenylated flavonoids: 5'-prenylquercetin (3), 8-[(E)-3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl]eriodictyol (7), 6-prenyleriodictyol (5), 5'-prenyleriodictyol (6), and 6-prenylquercetin-3-Me ether (2). Compounds 1-7 and their unprenylated counterparts, glycosides, and other related compounds (8-13) were quantitatively analyzed. Using a macroporous resin column, most of these compounds could be enriched in the 40% to 60% ethanol-eluted fractions. Compounds 1-7 showed strong radical scavenging activity toward DPPH, and most of them demonstrated greater inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than their unprenylated counterparts.
Mechanical Stress-Induced Orientation and Ultrastructural Change of Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional Collagen Lattices (1994)

The effect of tensile stress on the orientation and phenotype of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured in three-dimensional (3D) type I collagen gels was morphologically investigated. Ring-shaped hybrid tissues were prepared by thermal gelation of a cold mixed solution of type I collagen and SMCs derived from bovine aorta. The tissues were subjected to three different modes of tensile stress. They were floated (isotonic control), stretched isometrically (static stress) and periodically stretched and recoiled by 5% above and below the resting tissue length at 60 RPM frequency (dynamic stress). After incubation for up to four wk, the tissues were investigated under a light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained LM samples revealed that, irrespective of static or dynamic stress loading, SMCs in stress-loaded tissues exhibited elongated bipolar spindle shape and were regularly oriented parallel to the direction of the strain, whereas those in isotonic control tissues were polygonal or spherical and had no preferential orientation. In Azan-stained samples, collagen fiber bundles in isotonic control tissues were somewhat retracted around the polygonal SMCs to form a random network. On the other hand, those in statically and dynamically stressed tissues were accumulated and prominently oriented parallel to the stretch direction. Ultrastructural investigation using a TEM showed that SMCs in control and statically stressed tissues were almost totally filled with synthetic organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulums, free ribosomes, Golgi complexes and mitochondria, indicating that the cells remained in the synthetic phenotype. On the other hand, SMCs in dynamically stressed tissues had increased fractions of contractile apparatus, such as myofilaments, dense bodies and extracellular filamentous materials equivalent to basement membranes, that progressed with incubation time. These results indicate that periodic stretch, in concert with 3-D extracellular collagen matrices, play a significant role in the phenotypic modulation of SMCs from the synthetic to the contractile state, as well as cellular and biomolecular orientation.
Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reactions for the Synthesis of Aspartic Acid Derivatives from Chiral <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butanesulfinylimino Esters (2003)

Addition of ketene acetals to sulfinimines derived from homochiral N-tert-butanesulfinamide using various Lewis acids furnishes derivatives of aspartic acid in diastereomeric ratios up to 97:3. Following an easy removal of the N-tert-butanesulfinyl chiral auxiliary, optical active beta-amino esters are obtained.
Continuous terbutaline nebulization for the treatment of severe exacerbations of asthma in children. (1988)

Twelve children with severe asthma were treated in an intensive care unit with continuously nebulized terbutaline at doses between 1.0 and 12.0 mg/hour. All patients showed improvement in blood gases, pulse, and respiratory rates. None experience significant side effects. The duration of therapy ranged from 1 to 24 hours (mean = 8.3 hours), and all were able to leave the intensive care unit within one day. The use of continuously nebulized terbutaline appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe asthma in children in this limited experience.
Domain Adaptation: Learning Bounds and Algorithms (2009)

This paper addresses the general problem of domain adaptation which arises in a variety of applications where the distribution of the labeled sample available somewhat differs from that of the test data. Building on previous work by Ben-David et al. (2007), we introduce a novel distance between distributions, discrepancy distance, that is tailored to adaptation problems with arbitrary loss functions. We give Rademacher complexity bounds for estimating the discrepancy distance from finite samples for different loss functions. Using this distance, we derive novel generalization bounds for domain adaptation for a wide family of loss functions. We also present a series of novel adaptation bounds for large classes of regularization-based algorithms, including support vector machines and kernel ridge regression based on the empirical discrepancy. This motivates our analysis of the problem of minimizing the empirical discrepancy for various loss functions for which we also give novel algorithms. We report the results of preliminary experiments that demonstrate the benefits of our discrepancy minimization algorithms for domain adaptation.
The development of an SAR with small molecule inhibitors of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) (2008)

1236 Objectives: Synthesize and evaluate novel glutamate-urea (Glu-urea-X) heterodimers to develop a structure activity relationship (SAR) for small molecule inhibitors of PSMA as radiotracers for the detection of prostate cancer. Methods: The Glu-Urea-Lys moiety was employed as a building block for the synthesis of a series of Glu-urea-X heterodimers where X = ϵ-N-(o-I, m-I, p-I, , p-Br, o-Cl, m-Cl, p-Cl, p-F, H)-benzyl-Lys and ϵ-(p-I, p-Br, p-Cl, H)-phenyl ureido-Lys. The compounds were prepared by reaction of the free amine of the protected Glu-urea-Lys intermediate with the appropriate phenylisocyanates or via reductive alkylation with the desired substituted benzaldehyde derivatives. The affinities were determined by screening in a competitive binding assay. Results: Overall synthetic yields ranged from 20-60%. The benzyl lysine series showed a clear relationship between the nature of the halogen substituent and PSMA binding affinity. In the para substituted series the IC50 values followed the trend Cl >I = Br > >F = H. In addition, the binding affinity was influenced by the position of the halogen atom on the aryl ring (IC50 values p-I > o-I>> m-I). The nature of the halogen atom had little effect on the binding affinity in the para substituted phenylureido-Lys series (IC50 values Cl = I = Br = F = H). Conclusions: An SAR was established for two series of Glu-urea-X heterodimers by systematically substituting halogen atoms on the aryl ring. These data have led to the development of clinical candidates for the detection of prostate cancer.
Rehabilitation after critical illness: A randomized, controlled trial (2003)

A self-help rehabilitation manual is effective in aiding physical recovery and reducing depression. However, in those patients recalling delusional memories from the ICU, further psychological care may be needed to reduce the incidence of anxiety and PTSD-related symptoms.
Pentastarch may cause fewer effects on coagulation than hetastarch (1988)

Hetastarch, the currently marketed preparation of hydroxyethyl starch, affects coagulation by prolonging partial thromboplastin, prothrombin, and bleeding times; by lowering clotting proteins such as fibrinogen via hemodilution; by lowering clotting factor VIII (coagulant, von Willebrand antigen, and von Willebrand activity) to a greater degree than can be explained simply by hemodilution (i.e., presumably factor VIII affected by both hemodilutional plus additional, independent effects); and, finally, by shortening thrombin, reptilase, and urokinase-activated clot lysis times. Pentastarch, a new analog of hetastarch, was found to exert lesser effects on blood coagulation, despite its greater hemodiluting properties. When compared with hetastarch, pentastarch had little effect on factor VIII (except that due to hemodilution), shortened thrombin times to a significantly lesser degree, exerted no effect on the urokinase-activated clot lysis time, and did not prolong the bleeding time. Even when plasma hydroxyethyl starch levels were similar, pentastarch seemed to alter the results of coagulation assays to lesser degree than did hetastarch, which suggests the possibility of greater safety. Therefore, pentastarch may be a desirable drug, not only for leukapheresis, but also for plasma volume expansion in trauma and surgical patients who often have additional hemostatic abnormalities that place them at increased risk of hemorrhage.
Hardware implementation of a recursive digital filter for m.t.i. radar (1975)

The important features of the hardware implementation of a recursive digital filter for use with m.t.i. radar are described.The filter can operate with pulse widths of 0.8–6 μs, over a wide range of pulse-repetition frequencies, and can handle up to 512 range bins in multiples of 8. It is programmable to realise a 1st-, 2nd- or 3rd-order Butterworth or Chebyshev frequency response, by simply entering three appropriate binary coefficients into the system. Experimental results are included to verify the performance of the system.
User Experiences in ThrowIt: A Natural UI for Sharing Objects between Mobile Devices (2013)

The success of context-aware systems depends on intuitive user interface designs which facilitate communication between multiple devices. This paper presents Throw It, a natural user interface for sharing objects between mobile devices using gaze and hand gestures. For enabling gesture control, Throw It includes an off-the-shelf monochrome camera with infrared lights and a hand-held 6 degree of freedom sensor. To share an object, the user first locks their gaze on the object, then selects the object by doing a short 'grab' gesture, and finally, sends the object to another mobile device by doing a 'throwing' gesture. The mobile devices locate each other via a context server. According to the results of our user study, the idea of sharing digital objects using Throw It was found both useful and fascinating. However, sharing objects to many people at the same time raised security concerns.
Ultrasonic Backscatter and Transmission Parameters at the Os Calcis in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (2001)

Abstract Ultrasound technology has emerged as a new tool in the assessment of osteoporosis. Ultrasound parameters usually are measured in transmission; there is a potential for the analysis of backscattered signals to provide information on bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to explore a new technological development of the method, adding backscatter coefficient to transmission parameters, and to examine the appropriate thresholds to identify postmenopausal osteoporotic women. We examined 210 postmenopausal women (including 60 with osteoporotic fractures) and 30 healthy premenopausal controls. They had lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) evaluation at the os calcis, measured in transmission (broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA], speed of sound [SOS], ratio of transit time [dt] to BUA [dt/BUA], and “strength” index [STI]) and reflexion (broadband ultrasound backscattering [BUB]). The standardized CVs (sCVs) were between 2.27% and 3.40% for QUS measured in transmission and 4.41% for BUB. The odds ratio (OR) for fracture discrimination adjusted for age was 2.77 for hip BMD and between 1.6 and 2.9 for QUS. After adjustment for hip BMD, ORs were still highly significant for SOS, STI, and dt/BUA. According to hip BMD T score, prevalence of osteoporosis in our population was 39%. To detect the same prevalence, T scores ranged between −0.95 and −1.42 for QUS. QUS parameters have adequate ability to discriminate osteoporotic patients from controls. The World Health Organization (WHO) threshold for diagnosis of osteoporosis does not apply to this technology. The clinical utility of BUB at the os calcis, in addition to usual ultrasound parameters, is not yet proven. However, BUB evaluation, which does not require two transducers and may be implemented in conventional reflection mode systems, warrants further studies.
The Preparation of Some Ternary Oxides of the Platinum Metals<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Ternary Oxides of the Platinum Metals1,2John J. Randall and Roland WardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 11, 2629–2631Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01520a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01520a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1217Altmetric-Citations290LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Apparatus for Continuous Countercurrent Flow of Solids and Liquids (1993)

Abstract A contactor was developed to provide true countercurrent, continuous flow of gel spheres and liquid in a moving bed. To provide smooth and controlled movement of solids, the key features consisted of a common cross section for the moving bed and a small fluidized bed, a jet to form a slurry at the bottom of the moving bed, and a controlled flow of part of this slurry to the fluidized bed. A completely continuous pilot plant for preparation of nuclear fuel by a gel-sphere process was operated with three of these moving-bed fluidized-bed contactors. Different control procedures and good countercurrent washing results were demonstrated. Key Words: Moving bedLiquid–solids contactorCountercurrent flowParticulate washingGel process
Effect of topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 on Japanese children with atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, vehicle‐controlled exploratory trial (2015)

This exploratory study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of the topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 in Japanese children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. The present randomized, multicenter study included 62 patients who were treated with 0.05% E6005, 0.2% E6005 or vehicle ointment twice daily for 2 weeks. Safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed with a focus on the occurrence of adverse events and the whole blood concentrations of E6005 and its metabolite. Exploratory efficacy evaluations included assessments of lesion severity and pruritus score. The 2-week application of topical E6005 was safe and well tolerated with no cutaneous adverse events. The whole blood concentration of E6005 was quantified in only one subject receiving 0.2% E6005 treatment, while its major metabolite was undetectable. The 0.2% E6005 group showed a greater decrease in the severity score than the vehicle group (-45.94% vs -32.26%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the treatment success rate according to the investigator's global assessment of the total application sites was higher in the 0.2% E6005 group than in the vehicle group (34.4% vs 20.0%). Moreover, the 0.2% E6005 group showed a greater decrease in the pruritus score than the vehicle group (-37.5% vs -6.7%) in a predefined subpopulation. The efficacy of 0.05% E6005 treatment was comparable to that of vehicle treatment. These results suggest that topical 0.2% E6005 treatment is safe and effective in children with atopic dermatitis, although further large confirmatory clinical trials are warranted.
Distinct proliferative T cell clonotypes are generated in response to a murine retrovirus-induced syngeneic T cell leukemia: viral gp70 antigen-specific MT4+ clones and Lyt-2+ cytolytic clones which recognize a tumor-specific cell surface antigen. (1985)

After immunization of B6 mice with the syngeneic retrovirus-induced T cell leukemia/lymphoma FBL-3, two major tumor-specific proliferative T cell clonotypes were derived. T cell clones derived from long-term lines propagated by in vitro culture with irradiated tumor cells and syngeneic spleen cells were exclusively of the Lyt-2+ phenotype. Such clones were cytolytic, retained their proliferative phenotype indefinitely when expanded by repeated cycles of reactivation and rest, and recognized a tumor-specific cell surface antigen in association with class I MHC molecules. This tumor cell antigen was not present on nontransformed virus-infected cells. Class II MHC-restricted MT4+ clones specific for the viral antigen gp70 were derived from lymph node T cells of FBL-3 tumor-immune mice only by in vitro culture with purified Friend virus in the presence of syngeneic splenic APC. Once derived, however, such clones could be stimulated in the presence of FBL-3 tumor cells and syngeneic spleen cells, demonstrating the reprocessing of tumor-derived gp70 antigen by APC in the spleen cell population. In contrast, no reprocessing of the tumor cell surface antigen by splenic APC for presentation to the class I MHC-restricted T cell clones could be demonstrated. Evidence is presented that FBL-3 T leukemia/lymphoma cells function as APC for Lyt-2+ class I MHC-restricted clones, and that no concomitant recognition of Ia molecules is required to activate these clones. Both Lyt-2+ and MT4+ clones were induced to proliferate in the presence of exogenous IL2 alone, but this stimulus failed to result in significant release of immune interferon. In contrast, antigen stimulation of both clones resulted in proliferation as well as significant immune interferon release. Immune interferon production is not required for the generation of MHC-restricted cell-mediated cytolytic function.