gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Pressure MOCVD of Thin Fe Films on Carbon Fibers (2007)

Abstract Thin iron films grown on carbon fibers were prepared by atmospheric pressure (AP), metal‐organic (MO) CVD, which was conducted under pure hydrogen/argon atmospheres. Their crystalline structures and morphologies were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The film growth and structure, as a function of the deposition temperature, hydrogen gas flow rate, and precursor sublimation rate, were investigated. It was concluded that the optimum control of the three above mentioned process parameters was important and essential for obtaining high‐quality iron film. Based on these analyses and results, a possible deposition mechanism was proposed.
Synthesis of poly(ethyl acrylate) by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization in water catalyzed by Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2007)

Abstract Living radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate was achieved by single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization in water catalyzed by sodium dithionite. The plots of number‐average molecular weight versus conversion and ln[M] 0 /[M] versus time are linear, indicating a controlled polymerization. This method leads to the preparation of α,ω‐di(iodo)poly(ethyl acrylate) (α,ω‐di(iodo)PEtA) macroinitiator that can be further functionalized. The molecular weight distributions were determined using a combination of three detectors (TriSEC): right‐angle light scattering, a differential viscometer and refractive index. The method studied in this work represents a possible route to prepare well‐tailored macromolecules made of ethyl acrylate in environmental friendly reaction medium. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous report dealing with the synthesis of PEtA by any LRP approach in aqueous medium. Furthermore, the method described in this article was successfully applied in pilot scale reactions under industrial production conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 421–432, 2008
Transepithelial transport of putrescine across monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco- 2 (2001)

To study the transepithelial transport characteristics of the polyamine putrescine in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers to elucidate the mechanisms of the putrescine intestinal absorption. METHODS The transepithelial transport and the cellular accumulation of putrescine was measured using Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on permeable filters. RESULTS Transepithelial transport of putrescine in physiological concentrations (>0.5 mM) from the apical to basolateral side was linear. Intracellular accumulation of putrescine was higher in confluent than in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, but still negligible (less than 0.5%) of the overall transport across the monolayers in apical to b a s o l a t e r a l d i r e c t i o n . E G F e n h a n c e d putrescine accumulation in Caco-2 cells by four fold, as well as putrescine conversion to spermidine and spermine by enhancing the activity of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. However, EGF did not have any significant influence on putrescine flux across the Caco-2 cell monolayers. Excretion of putrescine from Caco-2 cells into the basolateral medium did not exceed 50 picomoles, while putrescine passive flux from the apical to the basolateral chamber, contributed hundreds of micromoles polyamines to the basolateral chamber. CONCLUSION Transepithelial transport of putrescine across Caco-2 cell monolayers occurs in passive diffusion, and is not influenced when epithelial cells are stimulated to proliferate by a potent mitogen such as EGF.
PHOTOSENSITISING ACTIVITY OF PHTHALOCYANINE DYES SCREENED AGAINST TISSUE CULTURE CELLS (1987)

Abstract. A series of phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes were screened for their ability to photosensitise murine embryonic fibroblasts or fibrosarcoma cells. Cells were cultured in the presence of the dyes for 24 h. following which they were irradiated with either room light or red light and cultured for a further 72‐h period. Eleven water‐insoluble Pc (including a free‐base Pc) and 6 water‐soluble sulfonated derivatives were screened in this fashion. Free base (H 2 ), copper (Cu), copper di‐. tri‐, tetra‐sulfonated (CuS 2 , CuS 3 . CuS 4 ), fiuoro chromium (FCr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), palladium tetra‐sulfonated (PdS 4 ). nickel (Ni) and nickel tetra‐sulfonated (NiS 4 )Pc dyes had no cytotoxic activity in these assays under conditions of either room‐light or red‐light exposure. Magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr) Pc dyes were highly toxic to cells, producing 0% survival at 72 h, following exposure to both light sources. In contrast, chloro aluminum (C1AI). chloro aluminum sulfonated (C1A1S) and dichloro tin (Cl 2 Sn) Pc dyes exhibited differential phototoxicity, producing total cell death following red‐light irradiation but no or little cytotoxic effect after exposure to room light, raising the possibility that these dyes might prove useful for photo‐dynamic therapy of cancer.
Increasing terminal (.omega.) chlorination of fatty acids by absorbing and aligning the reactants on alumina (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIncreasing terminal (.omega.) chlorination of fatty acids by absorbing and aligning the reactants on aluminaNorman C. Deno, Richard Fishbein, and Craig PiersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 5, 1451–1452Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00708a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00708a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the long-term efficacy and safety of an imidacloprid 10%/flumethrin 4.5% polymer matrix collar (Seresto®) in dogs and cats naturally infested with fleas and/or ticks in multicentre clinical field studies in Europe (2012)

The imidacloprid/flumethrin collar proved to reduce tick counts by at least 90% and flea counts by at least 95% for a period of at least 7-8 months in cats and dogs under field conditions. Therefore, it can be used as sustainable long-term preventative, covering the whole flea and tick season.
Vehicle Dynamics Approach to Driver Warning (2013)

This paper discusses a concept for enhanced active safety by introducing a driver warning system based on vehicle dynamics that predicts a potential loss of control condition prior to stability control activation. This real-time warning algorithm builds on available technologies such as the Electronic Stability Control (ESC). The driver warning system computes several indices based on yaw rate, side-slip velocity, and vehicle understeer using ESC sensor suite. An arbitrator block arbitrates between the different indices and determines the status index of the driving vehicle. The status index is compared to predetermined stability levels which correspond to high and low stability levels. If the index exceeds the high stability level, a warning signal (haptic, acoustic, or visual) is issued to alert the driver of a potential loss of control and ESC activation. This alert will remain in effect until the index is less than the low stability level at which time the warning signal will be terminated. A vehicle speed advisory algorithm is integrated with the warning algorithm to provide a desired vehicle speed of a vehicle traveling on a curve. Simulation results and vehicle tests were conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the warning algorithm.
Double Barreled Wet Colostomy: Initial Experience and Literature Review (2014)

Background . Pelvic exenteration and multivisceral resection in colorectal have been described as a curative and palliative intervention. Urinary tract reconstruction in a pelvic exenteration is achieved in most cases with an ileal conduit of Bricker, although different urinary reservoirs have been described. Methods . A retrospective and observational study of six patients who underwent a pelvic exenteration and urinary tract reconstruction with a double barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) was done, describing the preoperative diagnosis, the indication for the pelvic exenteration, the complications associated with the procedure, and the followup in a period of 5 years. A literature review of the case series reported of the technique was performed. Results . Six patients had a urinary tract reconstruction with the DBWC technique, 5 male patients and one female patient. Age range was from 20 to 77 years, with a medium age 53.6 years. The most frequent complication presented was a pelvic abscess in 3 patients (42.85%); all complications could be resolved with a conservative treatment. Conclusion . In the group of our patients with pelvic exenteration and urinary tract reconstruction with a DBWC, it is a safe procedure and well tolerated by the patients, and most of the complications can be resolved with conservative treatment.
The depressive situation (2013)

From a naturalistic perspective on mental illness, depression is often described in terms of biological dysfunctions, while a normative perspective emphasizes the lived experience of depression as a harmful condition. The paper relates a conceptual analysis of "depressive situation" to an analysis of the lived experience of depression. As such, it predominantly aims to specify depression as a harmful condition in lights of normative perspective on mental disorder, but partially refers to empirical research, i.e., naturalistic perspective on depression, to exemplarily stress on the methodological merits and limits of relating phenomenological considerations closer to empirical research. The depressive situation is further specified with an examination of the evaluative dynamics by which individuals meaningfully relate to themselves, others and the world. These evaluative dynamics emerge out of the interplay of pre-reflective and reflective processes, which are significantly altered in depression. Such alterations of the evaluative structure are inextricably intertwined with significant distortions of practical sense in depression. From a phenomenological perspective, these distortions of practical sense show in characteristic experiences of evaluative incoherence and impairments of agency. Finally, this paper focuses on an examination of "evaluative incapacity," which has the integrative potential to capture a range of typical changes of meaningful relatedness that determine the depressive situation.
Ultra-Wideband Chip Attenuator for Precise Noise Measurements at Cryogenic Temperatures (2010)

A 20-dB chip attenuator designed for cryogenic noise measurements from dc up to 40 GHz is presented. The chip is based on the use of temperature-stable tantalum-nitride thin-film resistors, a high thermal conductivity substrate such as crystal quartz (z-cut), and a suitable design that avoids inner conductor thermal heating, which is an important limiting factor for the precision of cryogenic noise measurements. A high-accuracy temperature sensor installed inside the attenuator module provides precise temperature characterization close to the chip location. The high thermal conductivity of the chip substrate in the designed attenuator assures a negligible temperature gradient between the resistive elements in the chip and the sensor, thus improving the measurement accuracy. The attenuator also shows an excellent electrical performance with insertion losses of 19.9 dB ± 0.65 dB and return losses better than 20.6 dB in the whole frequency range at 296 K. The insertion loss change when cooled to 15 K is less than 0.25 dB, which demonstrates its temperature stability.
Three-dimensional simulations of SEM imaging and charging (2001)

SEM based CD control and wafer inspection has an increasingly active role in the semiconductor industry. Current design rules require a CD control with a precision in the nanometer range. In order to achieve this precision, a complete model of the image formation mechanism is desirable. For this reason we present a three-dimensional simulation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The simulations include Monte Carlo electron scattering, charging in the substrate and electron ray-tracing in the column. We investigate some specific cases in CD-SEM metrology: We will describe the effect of scan orientation relative to the orientation of the imaged feature on the apparent beam width (ABW), the effect of magnification on contact imaging, and the effect of residue in resist trenches. Our results, regarding these examples, clearly indicate that a fully three-dimensional numerical simulation is needed to obtain an understanding of image formation and resolution limiting factors.
Towards a More Complete Picture: Dissimilatory Metal Reduction by Anaeromyxobacter Species (2004)

We investigate the physiological requirements of available Anaeromyxobacter isolates, and assess their distribution and abundance in the environment, including DOE sites. The performers on this project include Frank Loeffler (PI), Robert Sanford (Co-PI), Qingzhong Wu (postdoc), Sara Henry (graduate student) and Cornell Gayle (undergraduate student). Year-1 efforts focused on method and tool development to address the research objectives. First, we compared different analytical assays (based on fluorescent light emission and calorimetric methods) to quantify U(VI) in cultures of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C. The assays were optimized to reflect specific culture conditions, and we found that a laser-excited spectrofluorescence assay provided reproducible and accurate information on the amount of U(VI) reduced in bacterial cultures. To demonstrate the ability of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C to reduce U(VI), washed suspensions of fumarate-grown cells were prepared. These experiments confirmed that the rapid reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) depended on the presence of live cells, and no U(VI) reduction occurred in cell-free controls. Additional experiments explored the ability of three different Anaeromyxobacter strains to grow with the mineral hematite, an insoluble form of ferric iron, as electron acceptor. All strain grew equally well with soluble ferric iron (provided as ferric citrate) but distinct differences were observed between strains when grown with hematite. All strains tested shared a 16S rRNA gene similarity of >99.5%, suggesting that closely related strains may differ in their ability to access insoluble forms of ferric iron.
Hydroheteroarylation of Alkynes under Mild Nickel Catalysis (2006)

Nickel complexes having a bulky tri(sec-alkyl)phosphine ligand catalyze hydroheteroarylation of alkynes at 35 degrees C. Selective activation of an Ar-H bond over an Ar-CN bond of N-protected 3-cyanoindoles is achieved by a proper choice of ligand and/or an N-protecting group. The catalysis is applicable to a diverse range of heteroarenes to afford cis-hydroheteroarylation products in highly chemo- and stereoselective manners. Excellent regioselectivity is observed with unsymmetrical alkynes to give the corresponding heteroaryl-substituted ethenes having a larger substituent trans to an aryl group.
Deposition of Sr<sub>x</sub>La<sub>2-x</sub>CuO<sub>4-y</sub> Thin Films by Sputtering (1987)

Superconducting Sr x La 2- x CuO 4- y thin films were deposited on heated substrate by sputtering. Crystalline films were obtained by setting substrate temperature T c above 450°C. In this process, there were 2 peculiar features as follows; (1) deviation of film composition from that of target (such as Cu deficiency and excess of oxygen) and (2) change of target surface with an increase of the number of the deposition. Films of almost single phase of K 2 NiF 4 structure were obtained by adjusting film composition and T s above 550°C. Tc onset up to 42 K was obtained for as-deposited films, though its reproducibility was limited by the change of target.
Anticonvulsant Drugs. II. Some Acylureas<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnticonvulsant Drugs. II. Some Acylureas1M. A. Spielman, A. O. Geiszler, and W. J. CloseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 12, 4189–4191Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01192a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01192a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of VPN technology in gold insurance project based on WAN (2014)

Gold insurance project is one of twelve emphasis information construction. The province,city and county network is based on wide area net-work' VPN. The hospitals and drugstores that covered by the provincial medical insurance is join up by SSL VPN. The VPN technology application from discussion, project enacted and concrete implementation is a whole process of construction. This text presents VPN's technical feature,and expounds some kinds of VPN's techonlogy implementation.
Allosteric Effects of Nucleotide Cofactors on <i>Escherichia coli</i> Rep Helicase&DNA Binding (1992)

The Escherichia coli Rep helicase unwinds duplex DNA during replication. The functional helicase appears to be a dimer that forms only on binding DNA. Both protomers of the dimer can bind either single-stranded or duplex DNA. Because binding and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential for helicase function, the energetics of DNA binding and DNA-induced Rep dimerization were studied quantitatively in the presence of the nucleotide cofactors adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog AMPP(NH)P. Large allosteric effects of nucleotide cofactors on DNA binding to Rep were observed. Binding of ADP favored Rep dimers in which both protomers bound single-stranded DNA, whereas binding of AMPP(NH)P favored simultaneous binding of both single-stranded and duplex DNA to the Rep dimer. A rolling model for the active unwinding of duplex DNA by the dimeric Rep helicase is proposed that explains vectorial unwinding and predicts that helicase translocation along DNA is coupled to ATP binding, whereas ATP hydrolysis drives unwinding of multiple DNA base pairs for each catalytic event.
Paramagnetic Bis(1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene) Adducts of Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc (1994)

Treatments of activated magnesium and zinc, M*, in THF and of sonified bulk lithium in hexane with 1,4-dizerz-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (Bu'2DAB) afford [M(Bu‘2DAB)2] as triplet, ligand-centered biradicals in the solid state and at low temperature in solution (M = Mg (1) (previously studied using EPR), Zn (2)) or a ligand-centered radical ( = Li (3) (gav = 2.0034 in hexane, <z(14NX2) = 4.66 X 10™4 cm™1, a(‘HX2) = 4.90 X 10-4 cm-1, a(7Li) = 1.36X KHcm™* 1)). Reaction of M*/MH2 with Bul2DAB in THF also gives 1 and 2, as do the reactions of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 with 3, and the reaction of 1 with ZnCl2 affords 2. The room-temperature EPR spectrum of 2 displays two signals attributed to cation/anion ligand-centered radicals, [M(Bul2DAB)2]+[M(Bu'2DAB)2]™ (gav (1) = 2.0068, ú(14NX2) = 4.66 X 10-4 cm™1, a('HX2) = 6.23 X 10™4 cm™1,gav (2) = 2.0077, e(14NX2) = 4.66 X KH cm™1, a('HX2) = 6.23 X 10™4 cm™1). At low temperature a dipole-dipole-coupled spectrum is observed, affording a distance of 4.75 Á between the electrons each centered on a Bu‘2DAB ligand. In the solid state 1 and 2 have mm crystallographic\nsymmetry, with mainly angular distortions from regular tetrahedral geometry at the metal centers, M-N = 2.070(7), 2.067(7) A, (1), 1.999(4), 2.013(4) A, (2), N-M-N = 82.1(3), 82.4(3)° (1), 84.8(2), 84.7(2)° (2), whereas 3 has angular and bond distance tetrahedral distortions, in accordance with the metal center being bound by a radical anion bidentate ligand, Li-N(mean) = 1.995 A (N-Li-N = 88.3(3)°), and a neutral bidentate ligand, Li-N(mean) = 2.141 A (N-Li-N = 79.5(2)°). Crystal data (Mo , X = 0.710 69 A): 1, orthorhombic, space group Ibmm, a = 12.063(1) A, b = 14.266(2) A, c = 14.252(3) A, V = 2452.8(7) A3 45, Z = 4, R = 0.051; 2, orthorhombic, space group Ccmm, a = 12.388(3) A , b = 14.225(3) A, c = 13.705(1) A, V = 2415.2(8) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.036; 3,\nmonoclinic, space group P2\\/c, a = 11.671(7) A, b = 10.598(1) A, c = 20.026(1) A, ß = 104.60(3)°, V = 2397(2) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.056.
Sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a blind comparison study among seven laboratories (1994)

PCR is, in principle, a simple and rapid test for use in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, virtually no data are available on the reliability and reproducibility of the method. In order to assess the validity of PCR for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical samples, seven laboratories participated in a blinded study of 200 sputum, saliva, and water samples containing either known numbers of Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells or no added organisms. Each laboratory used its own protocol for pretreatment, DNA extraction, and detection of the amplification product. Insertion sequence IS6110 was the target for DNA amplification. Several participating laboratories reported high levels of false-positive PCR results, with rates ranging from 3 to 20% and with one extreme value of 77%. The levels of sensitivity also ranged widely among the different participants. A positive PCR result was reported for 2 to 90% of the samples with 10(3) mycobacteria. Although most participants did include control tests to check the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR, the sequence of operations from sample pretreatment to purification of DNA from bacteria was not always monitored adequately. During these procedures cross-contaminating DNA was introduced and/or bacterial DNA was lost. The results of the study show that the implementation of an effective system for monitoring sensitivity and specificity is required before the PCR can be used reliably in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.