gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image-based volume rendering (1999)

Volume rendering, a technique for visualizing 3D arrays of sampled data, is computationally very expensive. Interactive volume rendering of large volumes (over 10243) is in demand for such applications as biomedical simulation and geoscience. Existing software optimizations can barely meet the challenge of today's increasingly large datasets. Even the fastest workstations equipped with special hardware are quickly overwhelmed. So far, none of the current special-purpose volume rendering hardware designs achieve real-time frame rate for large volumes at an acceptable hardware cost. 
In this dissertation, we propose an image-based framework which avails the coherence between neighboring frames during navigation of a volume dataset. The previously fully volume rendered view is cached as a keyview or keyframe. When generating the current novel view, instead of ray-casting the whole image, rays are cast only through those pixels which represent previously hidden objects. When the novel view camera moves only slightly away from that of keyview, the ray-cast pixels occupy only a small percent of the current view. Consequently, this gives us potential for vast speedup over traditional volume rendering. The rest of the novel view is generated directly from the keyview through inexpensive image transformation. To achieve this, we first construct a geometric iso-surface model from the volume, where the iso-value is deducted from the input transfer function. We further texture-map the keyview onto the constructed geometric model through projective texture mapping and then project it to the novel view. We have explored separate algorithms optimized for several stages of the framework: an algorithm for generating levels-of-detail representation of regular volumes—for efficient and levels-of-detail iso-surface extraction—and two algorithms for high quality and efficient texture mapping featuring backward and forward processing orders. To accelerate the volume rendering of keyview, we have developed a group of methods for decomposing 3D volume rotation into shear transformations which lend themselves to a feasible hardware or parallel implementation. Even though these algorithms are designed within this framework, we have demonstrated that they can be extended to serve other numerous general applications. 
We have applied our framework to several practical navigation systems. We have achieved an average of a magnitude speedup over that of traditional volume rendering and obtained an interactive frame rate on a case study of a virtual colon navigation of a patient's 5123 colon data. We have also extended the framework to interactive rendering of other data types, such as height field terrain and photograph sequence, and demonstrated the effectiveness of these extensions.
Delay analysis of Ethernet passive optical networks with gated service (2008)

We analyze the mean packet delay in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) with gated service. For an EPON with a single optical network unit (ONU), we derive (i) a closed form delay expression for reporting at the end of an upstream transmission, and (ii) a Markov chain-based approach requiring the numerical solution of a system of equations for reporting at the beginning of an upstream transmission. Reporting at the beginning, which has not been previously examined in detail, achieves significantly smaller delays than reporting at the end of an upstream transmission for a small number of ONUs. Both of these analyses are fundamentally different from existing polling system analyses in that they consider the dependent switchover times of the EPON. We extend the analysis for reporting at the beginning of an upstream transmission to approximate the mean packet delay in an EPON with multiple ONUs and verify the accuracy of the analysis with simulations. Overall, our numerical results indicate that for utilizations up to ~75%, the mean packet delay is close to its minimum of four times the one-way propagation delay.
연구논문 : 일반화 관측기법을 이용한 T , G 리플의 영향력 감소를 위한 속도추정 알고리즘 (1999)

Generally, T.G(Tacho-generator, Tachometer) sensor is used widely for sensing the angular velocity in rotary machine. By limitation of T.G sensor`s structure, the sensed angular velocity include a periodic noise, and the noise is called as an electrical term. To reduce the effecting of the ripple, many kinds of filters are designed and installed, but there is necessary a trade off between response time and adapted frequency band. In this paper, we propose a generalized observer to estimate an angular velocity from the output signal of T.G sensor. The generalized observer is proposed firstly for continue systems, and it is applied to DC servo motor with T.G sensor. For simulation, we measure T.G signals at 60,400,570rpm respectively, and analysis those to obtain the resonance frequency of ripple by FFT method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed a1gorithm, we compare the results with those of a RC low frequency band filter.
A Deadlock Avoidance Approach for Nonsequential Resource Allocation Systems (2004)

The paper concentrates on the deadlock-avoidance problem for a class of resource allocation systems modeling manufacturing systems. In these systems, a set of production orders have to be executed in a concurrent way. To be executed, each step of each production order needs a set of reusable system resources. The competition for the use of these resources can lead to deadlock problems. Many solutions, from different perspectives, can be found in the literature for deadlock-related problems when the production orders have a sequential nature [sequential resource allocation systems (S-RAS)]. However, in the case in which the involved processes have a nonsequential nature [nonsequential resource allocation systems (NS-RAS)], the problem becomes more complex. In this paper, we propose a deadlock avoidance algorithm for this last class of systems. We also show the usefulness of the proposed solution by means of its application to a real system.
Acetaminophen in the Post-ischemia Reperfused Myocardium (2002)

Acetaminophen was administered acutely at the onset of reperfusion after 20 min of low-flow, global myocardial ischemia in isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts (Langendorff) to evaluate its influence in the postischemia, reperfused myocardium. Similarly prepared hearts were treated with vehicle or with uric acid (another phenol for comparison). Functionally, acetaminophen-treated hearts (0.35 mM) achieved significantly greater recovery during reperfusion. For example, left ventricular developed pressures at 40 min reperfusion were 38 +/- 3, 27 +/- 3, and 20 +/- 2 in the presence of acetaminophen (P < 0.05, relative to the other two groups), vehicle, and uric acid, respectively. Coronary perfusion pressures and calculated coronary vascular resistances, in the acetaminophen-treated hearts, were significantly lower at the same time (e.g., coronary perfusion pressures in the three groups, respectively, were 40 +/- 2 [P < 0.05], 51 +/- 3, and 65 +/- 12 mm Hg). Under baseline, control conditions, creatine kinase ranged from 12-15 units/liter in the three groups. It increased to 35-40 units/liter (P < 0.05) during ischemia but was significantly reduced by acetaminophen during reperfusion (e.g., 5.3 +/- 0.8 units/liter at 40 min). Oxidant-mediated chemiluminescence in all three treatment groups during baseline conditions and ischemia was similar (i.e., approximately 1.5-2.0 min for peak luminescence to reach its half maximal value). It took significantly more time during reperfusion for the oxidation of luminol in the presence of acetaminophen (>20 min, P < 0.05) than in its absence (3-8 min in uric acid- and vehicle-treated hearts). These results suggest that administration of acetaminophen (0.35 mM), at the onset of reperfusion, provides anti-oxidant-mediated cardioprotection in the postischemia, reperfused myocardium.
IBM Enterprise System/9000 clock system: A technology and system perspective (1992)

The minimization of system clock skew is critical to the overall performance of high-speed computer systems. This paper discusses the statistical clock skew calculation methodology employed in the analysis of the IBM Enterprise System/9000™ (ES/9000™) computer systems. Comparisons made to a worst-case design approach show the advantages of a statistical clock skew calculation and its use in the timing analysis of ES/9000 systems. Design techniques that aid in the minimization of system clock skew are discussed throughout this paper. While many details concerning these design techniques and the statistical clock skew calculation methodology are tutorial in nature and have been used in the design of past IBM high-end machines, it is hoped that this paper will give the reader a useful understanding of the major considerations affecting the clock system and its application to an ES/9000 system.
A Systematic Analysis of Automatic Speech Recognition: An Overview (2014)

Most high-flying and primary means of communication among humans is speech. Despite the researches and developments in the field of automatic speech recognition the accuracy of the said is still a research challenge. This paper reviews past work comparing modern speech recognition systems and humans to determine how far recent dramatic progress in technology has evolved towards the objective of human-like performance. An overview of sources of knowledge is introduced and the use of knowledge to create and verify hypotheses is discussed.
Yeast mitochondrial RNase P. Sequence of the RPM2 gene and demonstration that its product is a protein subunit of the enzyme. (1993)

We report here the sequence of the RPM2 gene which codes for the 105-kDa protein previously purified from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown by genetic techniques to be required for mitochondrial RNase P activity. The sequence predicts a primary translation product of 1202 residues with a molecular mass of 139 kDa and no obvious sequence similarity to any known protein in the data bases. There are 122 amino-terminal amino acids predicted by the gene that are not found in the purified protein, some of which may play a role in mitochondrial targeting of the protein. Antibodies raised against a trpE-105-kDa fusion protein recognize a 105-kDa protein in wild-type cells but not in cells carrying a disruption of the RMP2 gene. Immune, but not preimmune serum, immunoprecipitates the RNase P RNA and the mitochondrial RNase P activity. Thus, the 105-kDa protein forms a complex with RNase P RNA and is required for RNase P activity as predicted for a bona fide subunit of the enzyme.
Proteins antigenically related to methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli detected in a wide range of bacterial species (1993)

The four methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli, often called transducers, are transmembrane receptor proteins that exhibit substantial identity among the sequences of their cytoplasmic domains. Thus, antiserum raised to one of these proteins recognizes the others and might be expected to recognize related proteins in other bacteria. We used antiserum raised to the transducer Trg in immunoblot experiments to probe a wide range of bacterial species for the presence of antigenically related proteins. Such proteins were detected in over 20 different species, representing 6 of the 11 eubacterial phyla defined by analysis of rRNA sequences as well as one archaebacterial group. Species containing proteins antigenically related to the transducers of E. coli included members of all four subdivisions of the phylum in which E. coli is placed, members of four of the six subdivisions of spirochetes, and two gliding bacteria. These observations provide substantial support for the notion that methyl-accepting taxis proteins are widely distributed among the diversity of bacterial species.
The Total Synthesis of a Thebaine Analogue and of the Corresponding "Bentley Adduct" (1971)

We are reporting the synthesis of the thebaine analogue 6 in which the nitrogen atom has been translocated within the ethanamino bridge from position 17 to 16. This compound has been further transformed by successive Diels–Alder and Grignard reactions into the derivative 3.
Pharmacodynamic studies of amiodarone and its active N-desethyl metabolite. (1986)

Electrophysiologic effects of the N-desethyl metabolite of amiodarone have been postulated to explain differences between the effects of acute and chronic amiodarone administration. To compare the effects of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, each agent was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats, and the relationship between plasma drug concentrations, measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and changes in electrocardiographic intervals was observed. Both drugs produced concentration-related increases in QRS, QT, and QTc intervals. Desethylamiodarone altered these variables with a potency significantly greater than that of amiodarone after both single-dose and chronic (for 1 or 4 weeks) therapy. In contrast, chronic administration of amiodarone (but not of desethylamiodarone) produced concentration-related increases in RR and PR intervals. Some of the potency differences between these agents may have been due to greater myocardial concentration of desethylamiodarone as compared to amiodarone. These experiments suggest that desethylamiodarone has potentially important electrophysiologic effects, differing in some respects from those of the parent compound. The accumulation of desethylamiodarone in patients chronically treated with amiodarone may result in significant electrophysiologic changes.
Biological Concepts and Techniques in Toxicology (2006)

Introduction and Overview. NEW CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES. Toxicogenomics: Gene Expression Analysis and Computational Tools. Proteomics. The Potential of Metabonomics in Toxicology. Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships Using Chemodescriptors and Biodescriptors. Hormesis: A Key Concept in Toxicology. Chemical Risk Assessment. Toxicokinetics: Fundamentals and Applications in Drug Development and Safety Assessment. Validation of In Vitro Methods for Toxicology Studies. Chemical Mixtures Risk Assessment and Technological Advances. EXAMPLES APPLIED TO PROBLEMS. Risk-Based Approach to Foods Derived for Genetically Engineered Animals. Toxicology of Nanomaterials. The Biological Basis of Experimental Toxicity of Jet Propulsion Fuel-8. Drug Safety Toxicology. Statins and Toxicity. Inhalation Toxicology. Modern Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Human Forensic Toxicology
Building a real data warehouse for market research (2002)

This paper reflects the results of the evaluation phase of building a data production system for the retail research division of the GfK, Europe's largest market research company. The application specific requirements like end-user needs or data volume are very different from data warehouses discussed in the literature, making it a real data warehouse. In a case study, these requirements are compared with state-of-the-art solutions offered by leading software vendors. Each of the common architectures (MOLAP, ROLAP, HOLAP) was represented by a product. The result of this comparison is that all systems have to be massively tailored to GfK's needs, especially to cope with meta data management or the maintenance of aggregations.
Cost-effective switching fabrics with distributed control for scalable routers (2003)

This paper deals with scalable switching fabrics for high-performance routers with large numbers of ports for connecting external links operating at various speeds to arrive at aggregate rates up to multi-terabits per second. The proposed switching fabrics employ no centralized scheduling and consist of small routing units (RUs), which are interconnected by multistage-based connecting components (CCs) in accordance with grid structures, with routing decisions made by RUs and CCs individually in a simple, distributed manner. They are referred to as grid-oriented, multistage-connected RUs, dubbed GRM. With distributed routing, GMR enjoys good scalability and low hardware complexity. It is found, based on our extensive simulation, that GMR outperforms not only their crossbar counterparts for small sizes, but also their compatible designs aiming at large sized construction (built from multiple stages of small crossbars), despite its lower hardware complexity. Two types of chips are sufficient to permit any sized construction; one for RUs and another for CCs. The proposed switching fabrics are cost-effective, readily suitable for scalable routers.
Ambipolar Field Effect in Sb-Doped Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanoplates by Solvothermal Synthesis (2013)

A topological insulator is a new phase of quantum matter with a bulk band gap and spin-polarized surface states, which might find use in applications ranging from electronics to energy conversion. Despite much exciting progress in the field, high-yield solution synthesis has not been widely used for the study of topological insulator behavior. Here, we demonstrate that solvothermally synthesized Bi(2)Se(3) nanoplates are attractive for topological insulator studies. The carrier concentration of these Bi(2)Se(3) nanoplates is controlled by compensational Sb doping during the synthesis. In low-carrier-density, Sb-doped Bi(2)Se(3) nanoplates, we observe pronounced ambipolar field effect that demonstrates the flexible manipulation of carrier type and concentration for these nanostructures. Solvothermal synthesis offers an affordable, facile approach to produce high-quality nanomaterials to explore the properties of topological insulators.
An 80&#x00D7;60 range image sensor based on 10&#x00B5;m 50MHz lock-in pixels in 0.18&#x00B5;m CMOS (2010)

A lock-in pixel array based on a fast charge transfer pinned photo-detector for time-of-flight range imaging is presented. Distance measurements at 5-to-20 fps on a 6-to-3m range are reported with a linearity error lower than 0.7% and a repeatability of 5-to-16 cm, while the best achievable precision is 2.7 cm. A demodulation frequency up to 50 MHz is demonstrated with a contrast of 29.5%.
Metformin-induced anticancer activities: recent insights (2017)

Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug, and there is evidence among diabetic patients that metformin is a chemopreventive agent against multiple cancers. There is also evidence in human studies that metformin is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials that use metformin alone or in combination with other drugs are ongoing. In vivo and in vitro cancer cell culture studies demonstrate that metformin induces both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent genes/pathways that result in inhibition of cancer cell growth and migration and induction of apoptosis. The effects of metformin in cancer cells resemble the patterns observed after treatment with drugs that downregulate specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3 and Sp4 or by knockdown of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 by RNA interference. Studies in pancreatic cancer cells clearly demonstrate that metformin decreases expression of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes, demonstrating that one of the underlying mechanisms of action of metformin as an anticancer agent involves targeting of Sp transcription factors. These observations are consistent with metformin-mediated effects on genes/pathways in many other tumor types.
TGF-<i>beta</i> is a bidirectional modulator of cytokine receptor expression on murine bone marrow cells. Differential effects of TGF-<i>beta</i> 1 and TGF-<i>beta</i> 3. (1993)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), an immunomodulator, has inhibitory as well as stimulatory effects on bone marrow cells. In this study, we demonstrate that TGF-beta 1 also is a bidirectional modulator of CSF receptor expression on murine bone marrow cells. TGF-beta 1 up-regulated granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF receptor expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with a maximum up-regulation of 64% by 48 h at 20 ng/ml. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 down-modulated IL-3 and CSF-1 receptor expression by 54 and 55%, respectively, by 24 h. TGF-beta 1 did not affect G-CSF receptor expression, in agreement with its inability to affect G-CSF-induced proliferation. The CSF receptor modulation induced by TGF-beta 1 preceded its effects on CSF-stimulated proliferation. The effects of TGF-beta on CSF receptor expression were isoform dependent, thus TGF-beta 3 was a 10-fold more potent inhibitor of both IL-3-induced colony formation and IL-3 receptor expression than TGF-beta 1, whereas TGF-beta 1 was a more potent stimulator of GM-CSF-stimulated colonies and GM-CSF receptor expression than TGF-beta 3. Therefore, the ability of TGF-beta to modulate the CSF receptor density/cell and/or the actual number of progenitors expressing CSF receptors directly correlates with the multifunctional effects of TGF-beta in hematopoiesis.
Scheduling real-time transactions (1992)

with real-time requirements presents many new problems. In this paper we address several: How can we schedule transactions with deadlines? How do the real-time constraints affect concurrency control? How should overloads be handled? How does the scheduling of 1/0 requests affect the timeliness of transactions? How should exclusive and shared locking be handled? We describe a new group of algorithms for scheduling real-time transactions that produce serializable schedules. We present a model for scheduling transactions with deadlines on a single processor disk resident database system, and evaluate the scheduling algorithms through detailed simulation experiments.
Lactobacillus GG prevents recurrence of colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats after antibiotic treatment (2020)

Background and aims: Bacteroides vulgatus induces colitis in gnotobiotic HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) rats while broad spectrum antibiotics prevent and treat colitis in specific pathogen free (SPF) TG rats although disease recurs after treatment ends. Lactobacilli treat human pouchitis and experimental colitis. We investigated if Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L GG) can prevent colitis in TG rats monoassociated with B vulgatus and if L GG or Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP 299v) can treat established colitis in SPF TG rats and prevent recurrent disease after antibiotics were stopped.
Diagnosis and management of Lyme disease. (2012)

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. Transmission occurs primarily through the bite of an infected deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Identification of an erythema migrans rash following a tick bite is the only clinical manifestation sufficient to make the diagnosis of Lyme disease in the absence of laboratory confirmation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a two-tier serologic testing protocol using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay initially, followed by the more specific Western blot to confirm the diagnosis when the assay samples are positive or equivocal. The treatment of Lyme disease is determined mainly by the clinical manifestations of the disease. Doxycycline is often the preferred agent for oral treatment because of its activity against other tick-borne illnesses. Preventive measures include avoiding areas with high tick burdens, wearing protective clothing, using tick repellants (e.g., diethyltoluamide [DEET]), performing frequent body checks and bathing following outdoor activities, and instituting environmental landscape modifications (e.g., grass mowing, deer exclusion fencing) to reduce the tick burden. Although there is controversy regarding treatment of post-Lyme disease syndrome and chronic Lyme disease, there is no biologic or clinical trial evidence indicating that prolonged antibiotic therapy is of benefit.