gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative role of neem seed extract, moringa leaf extract and imidacloprid in the management of wheat aphids in relation to yield losses in Pakistan (2017)

Wheat being staple food of Pakistan is constantly attacked by major wheat aphid species, Schizaphis graminum (R.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.). Due to concern on synthetic chemical use in wheat, it is imperative to search for alternative environment- and human- friendly control measures such as botanical pesticides. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative role of neem seed extract (NSE), moringa leaf extract (MLE) and imidacloprid (I) in the management of the aphid as well as the yield losses parameters in late planted wheat fields. Imidacloprid reduced significantly aphids infestation compared to the other treatments, hence resulting in higher yield, particularly when applied with MLE. The percentages of yield increase in I+MLE treated plots over the control were 19.15-81.89% for grains per spike, 5.33-37.62% for thousand grain weight and 27.59-61.12% for yield kg/ha. NSE was the second most effective control measure in suppressing aphid population, but the yield protected by NSE treatment over the control was comparable to that by imidacloprid. Population densities of coccinellids and syrphids in the plots treated with NSE-2 were higher than those treated with imidacloprid in two out of three experiments during 2013-14. Low predator density in imidacloprid-treated plots was attributed to the lower availability of prey aphids. The efficacy of NSE against aphids varied depending on degree of synchronization among the application timing, the activity of aphids, crop variety and environmental conditions. Despite that, we suggested NSE to be a promising alternative botanical insecticide compared to the most commonly recommended imidiacloprid. Further studies should consider the side effects of biopesticides on non-target organisms in order to provide better management practices in the field.
The application of Josephson junctions to computer storage and logic elements and to magnetic measurements (1976)

The dc and ac Josephson effects and the behavior of the current‐voltage characteristics of Josephson junctions are briefly reviewed. The Josephson junction cryotron is described. Two cryotrons have been incorporated into a NDRO memory cell with a switching time of 80ps, a power‐delay product of 10−16J, and an area of 900μm2. DRO memory cells involving the storage of a single flux quantum have estimated switching speeds of 50ps and a dissipation in continuous operation of 40nW. Latching logic elements with a switching time of 200ps and a power‐delay product of 5fJ have been built. Non‐latching devices and the flux shuttle are described. The use of dc and rf SQUIDS in conjunction with flux transformers for magnetic measurements is discussed. Presently achieved sensitivities are: magnetic field, 10−15THz−1/2, magnetic field gradient, 10−13Tm−1Hz−1/2; magnetic susceptibility, 2×10−11 e.m.u. for 1cm3 at 10−1T; voltage, 10−15VHz−1/2. The highest energy resolution reported for a SQUID‐transformer combination is 8×10−30 JHz−1 in a frequency range from 2×10−2Hz to 1kHz. At lower frequencies the noise power spectrum is 1/f. The performance of the computer and measuring devices is compared with that of conventional (non‐superconducting) devices.
Robust estimators for the fixed effects panel data model (2007)

The presence of outlying observations in panel data can affect the classical estimates in a dramatic way. Nevertheless, the common practice seems to disregard the problem. The aim of this work is to study robust regression techniques in the fixed effects linear panel data framework. Robustness of the procedures is investigated by means of breakdown point computations and simulation experiments. A distinction between outlying blocks and cells in a panel is made. To show the potential of robust panel data methods, an empirical example on the response of the private sector behaviour to fiscal policy is presented.
A 18 Mb/s BiCMOS disk drive data separator (2002)

A high-performance BiCMOS data separator IC has been created with a 1.5 GHz NPN FT, 2 mu m EXAR modular CMOS process. Equivalent performance to bipolar implementations have been achieved at one half of the die size and nearly one quarter of the power. A versatile N2000 EXAR process and cell library was used for this design. The process features a well-characterized cell library containing nearly all required cells. Minimal cell design or adaption was necessary. The addition of two mask layers for buried layer and p base allows the inclusion of both an npn transistor and a lateral pnp device. There are 16 mask steps used. The process has two levels of metal and dual poly for interconnection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PTA1, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affecting pre-tRNA processing. (1992)

We have identified an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, PTA1, that affects pre-tRNA processing. PTA1 was initially defined by a UV-induced mutation, pta1-1, that causes the accumulation of all 10 end-trimmed, intron-containing pre-tRNAs and temperature-sensitive but osmotic-remedial growth. pta1-1 does not appear to be an allele of any other known gene affecting pre-tRNA processing. Extracts prepared from pta1-1 strains had normal pre-tRNA splicing endonuclease activity. pta1-1 was suppressed by the ochre suppressor tRNA gene SUP11, indicating that the pta1-1 mutation creates a termination codon within a protein reading frame. The PTA1 gene was isolated from a genomic library by complementation of the pta1-1 growth defect. Episome-borne PTA1 directs recombination to the pta1-1 locus. PTA1 has been mapped to the left arm of chromosome I near CDC24; the gene was sequenced and could encode a protein of 785 amino acids with a molecular weight of 88,417. No other protein sequences similar to that of the predicted PTA1 gene product have been identified within the EMBL or GenBank data base. Disruption of PTA1 near the carboxy terminus of the putative open reading frame was lethal. Possible functions of the PTA1 gene product are discussed.
"Schurmann-polynomials - roots and offsprings": Their impact on today's pattern recognition (2003)

Jurgen Schurmann died on January 19, 2001, much too early, at the age of 66 years. He was a grand pioneer in the field of pattern recognition and a tireless source and trigger of sophisticated theoretical ideas and their transformations into high performance recognition products which are spread all over the world. For this reason, the programme committee of the 2002 "International Workshop on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition" (IWFHR-8) has decided to dedicate this event to this extraordinary senior scientist of pattern recognition. In honour and in memory of this vivid, dynamic and creative man, we want to reflect the essence of his oeuvre; gained during a life-long quest to find a way - as he would put it - "from pixel to meaning". This paper is focused on the following questions: Who was this man? What were his scientific roots? What was his basic contribution? What are the offsprings of his work? What impetus did he give to the scientific community?.
2003上半年“病毒界”的十二“杀手” (2003)

2003年已经过去大半，这半年中发生了太多太多的事情，那么你想不想知道“病毒界”都发生了哪些事呢？这次小特就根据瑞星公司的《中国大陆地区2003上半年电脑病毒疫情报告》为大家带来2003上半年“病毒界”的消息。
Effects of prostacyclin infusion in uremic patients: Hematologic and hemodynamic responses (1981)

The effects of sequential prostacyclin infusions at 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min for 1 hr were determined in six patients with chronic renal failure. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in a dose-dependent fashion from 74 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 70 +/- 4, 66 +/- 5, and 55 +/- 5 during the 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min infusions, respectively; systolic blood pressure was not affected by prostacyclin. The fall in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a progressive rise in heart rate from 77 +/- 3 to 91 +/- 4 bpm and lowering of body temperature from 36.7 +/- 0.1 to 36 +/- 0.2 degrees. The threshold concentration of adenosine diphosphate that evoked reversible and irreversible platelet aggregation increased progressively from 1.2 to 2.8 and from 2.8 to 6 microM, respectively, during the prostacyclin infusions. Prostacyclin infusions had no effect on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or platelet count, but template bleeding time increased (not statistically significantly) from 5.8 to 12.3 min. In three of six patients, the 8 ng/kg/min infusion was terminated prematurely due to nausea, vomiting, and/or hypotension. We conclude that platelet aggregability can be inhibited in patients with chronic uremia by infusing 4 ng/kg/min prostacyclin without causing untoward side effects. When infused at hemodynamically tolerable doses, prostacyclin might serve as an in vivo inhibitor of platelet aggregation during hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass.
Lack of association between polymorphisms of catalase, copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2001)

The polymorphism of catalase, Cu/Zn SOD and EC-SOD genes were not related to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The eNOS Glu298Asp variant was associated with plasma VLDL-containing lipoproteins but not with macroangiopathy in diabetic male patients. The findings do not support the notion that the polymorphisms of the key antioxidative enzymes could be amongst the factors that explain the high prevalence of macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Genetic Risk Factor for Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (2007)

We have discovered a variant associated with susceptibility to periodic limb movements in sleep. The inverse correlation of the variant with iron stores is consistent with the suspected involvement of iron depletion in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Proline/Pipecolinic Acid-Promoted Copper-Catalyzed <i>P</i>-Arylation (2006)

We have developed a convenient and efficient approach for P-arylation of organophosphorus compounds containing P-H. Using commercially available and inexpensive proline and pipecolinic acid as the ligands greatly improved the efficiency of the coupling reactions, so the method can provide an entry to arylphosphonates, arylphosphinates and arylphosphine oxides.
Physiologic assessment of botulinum toxin effects in the rat larynx (1998)

The rat laryngeal model is suitable for assessing BT effects. In addition, the three physiological variables provided useful and reliable measures of laryngeal function. It is the authors' intention to use the rat laryngeal model to further examine the physiological and histological effects of BT with the goal of developing new methods for the treatment of patients with SD and other focal dystonias.
Phosphorylation States of Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) Determine the Regulatory Role of MAP2 in Microtubule Dynamics (1997)

Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of microtubule-stabilizing activities of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was examined using optical microscopy. MAP2, purified from mammalian brain, was phosphorylated by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) or cyclin B-dependent cdc2 kinase. Using PKA, 15 mol of phosphoryl groups was incorporated per mole of MAP2, but about 70% of the phosphates was distributed to the projection region. Using cdc2 kinase, 7-10 mol of phosphoryl groups was incorporated per mole of MAP2, and more than 60% of the phosphates was distributed to the microtubule-binding region. Both types of phosphorylation similarly reduced binding activity of MAP2 onto microtubules. Direct observation of individual microtubules using dark-field microscopy showed that interconversion between the polymerization phase and the depolymerization phase was repeated in both unphosphorylated and PKA-phosphorylated MAP2. In cdc2 kinase-phosphorylated MAP2, however, the phase transition from depolymerization to polymerization occurred with difficulty, with the result being that the half-life of individual microtubules was as short as in the absence of MAP2. Examination of spontaneous polymerization of microtubules using dark-field microscopy showed that the microtubule-nucleating activity of MAP2 was reduced by PKA-dependent phosphorylation and was completely abolished by cdc2 kinase-dependent phosphorylation. These observations show that cdc2 kinase-dependent phosphorylation inhibits both the microtubule-stabilizing activity and the microtubule-nucleating activity of MAP2, while PKA-dependent phosphorylation affects only the microtubule-nucleating activity of MAP2.
Listening to tailor-made notched music reduces tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related auditory cortex activity (2009)

Maladaptive auditory cortex reorganization may contribute to the generation and maintenance of tinnitus. Because cortical organization can be modified by behavioral training, we attempted to reduce tinnitus loudness by exposing chronic tinnitus patients to self-chosen, enjoyable music, which was modified ("notched") to contain no energy in the frequency range surrounding the individual tinnitus frequency. After 12 months of regular listening, the target patient group (n = 8) showed significantly reduced subjective tinnitus loudness and concomitantly exhibited reduced evoked activity in auditory cortex areas corresponding to the tinnitus frequency compared to patients who had received an analogous placebo notched music treatment (n = 8). These findings indicate that tinnitus loudness can be significantly diminished by an enjoyable, low-cost, custom-tailored notched music treatment, potentially via reversing maladaptive auditory cortex reorganization.
The Efficacy of Generating Three Independent Anti-HIV-1 siRNAs from a Single U6 RNA Pol III-Expressed Long Hairpin RNA (2008)

RNA Interference (RNAi) effectors have been used to inhibit rogue RNAs in mammalian cells. However, rapidly evolving sequences such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) require multiple targeting approaches to prevent the emergence of escape variants. Expressed long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) have recently been used as a strategy to produce multiple short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to highly variant sequences. We aimed to characterize the ability of expressed lhRNAs to generate independent siRNAs that silence three non-contiguous HIV-1 sites by designing lhRNAs comprising different combinations of siRNA-encoding sequences. All lhRNAs were capable of silencing individual target sequences. However, silencing efficiency together with concentrations of individual lhRNA-derived siRNAs diminished from the stem base (first position) towards the loop side of the hairpin. Silencing efficacy against HIV-1 was primarily mediated by siRNA sequences located at the base of the stem. Improvements could be made to first and second position siRNAs by adjusting spacing arrangements at their junction, but silencing of third position siRNAs remained largely ineffective. Although lhRNAs offer advantages for combinatorial RNAi, we show that good silencing efficacy across the span of the lhRNA duplex is difficult to achieve with sequences that encode more than two adjacent independent siRNAs.
Guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (1985)

Forward light scattering by the thermally excited guided acoustic modes of an optical fiber produce numerous narrow lines not predicted by the usual theory of Brillouin scattering. Optical heterodyne detection has been used to resolve the scattering spectrum which begins at about 20 MHz and extends to the detection limit. A simple theory quantitatively accounts for the frequencies, polarizations, and intensities of the components. The light scattering from these modes constitutes a thermal-noise source in optical fibers that may prove significant in other experiments.
Synthesis of functional catechols as monomers of mussel-inspired biomimetic polymers (2018)

A Mannich reaction was developed to synthesize functional catechols as a facile route to catecholic polymers with versatile bioinspired properties.
The Motion Picture Theater: Planning—Upkeep (1949)

A new book carrying the above title and published by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers was announced in December, 1948. Motion picture exhibitors, purchasing agents, and theater architects will find a wealth of valuable information in its thirty-eight articles and 427 pages on the technical aspects of motion picture theater planning, construction, maintenance, modernization, and theater television. — Copies are available from the Society at .00, postage paid within the United States, except that copies sold in New York City are subject to an additional ten-cent city sales tax. Copies shipped outside the continental United States or its possessions are .50, postage paid.
The <i>HAT2</i> gene, a member of the HD‐Zip gene family, isolated as an auxin inducible gene by DNA microarray screening, affects auxin response in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

The plant hormone, auxin, regulates many aspects of growth and development. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of auxin are largely unknown. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the primary responses to auxin, we analyzed the expression of genes in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for 15 min. We identified a single gene that is downregulated early, and 29 genes that are upregulated early. Several types of typical transcription factors are identified as early upregulated genes, suggesting that auxin signals are mediated by a master set of diverse transcriptional regulators. Of the genes that responded to auxin, the expression of the homeobox gene, HAT2, was induced rapidly. Furthermore, we show that the expression of HAT2 is induced by auxin, but not by other phytohormones. To analyze the function of HAT2 in the plant's response to auxin, we generated 35S::HAT2 transgenic plants. These produced long hypocotyls, epinastic cotyledons, long petioles, and small leaves, which are characteristic of the phenotypes of the auxin-overproducing mutants, superroot1 (sur1) and superroot2 (sur2). On the other hand, 35S::HAT2 plants showed reduced lateral root elongation, and reduced auxin sensitivity compared to wild-type plants. Together with the results of RNA blotting and biochemical analyses, these findings suggest that HAT2 plays opposite roles in the shoot and root tissues in regulating auxin-mediated morphogenesis.
Comparative roles of the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence present in the Bordetella pertussis adhesins pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin (1992)

Pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), proteins present on the surface of the gram-negative organism Bordetella pertussis, have been shown to contain the putative cell-binding sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and to promote eukaryotic cell attachment. The attachment of epithelial cells to purified pertactin and the entry of B. pertussis into human HeLa cells are both inhibited by an RGD-containing peptide derived from the pertactin sequence. In contrast, an RGD-containing peptide derived from the FHA sequence has no effect on either the attachment of epithelial cells to purified FHA or the entry of B. pertussis into HeLa cells. Staphylococcus aureus organisms coated with pertactin or FHA, purified from B. pertussis, enter HeLa cells more efficiently than S. aureus cells coated with bovine serum albumin. The pertactin-enhanced entry of S. aureus is inhibited by 75% in the presence of the RGD peptide from pertactin, whereas the RGD peptide derived from FHA has no effect on the increased entry promoted by the pertactin-coated or by the FHA-coated S. aureus. These results indicate that the active uptake of B. pertussis by certain mammalian cells may be mediated by the interaction of the RGD site found in pertactin with eukaryotic cell surface receptors.
Fiber-Optic Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing With Very High Measurand Resolution Over Long Range Using Coherent OTDR (2009)

We describe a novel fiber-optic technique for measuring distributed strain and temperature that uses a coherent optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) with a precisely frequency-controlled light source. Using this technique, we achieved temperature measurements in an 8-km-long fiber with a resolution of 0.01degC and a spatial resolution of one meter. This temperature resolution is two orders of magnitude better than that provided by the Brillouin based sensing technique.
Edge Breakdown in 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes (2004)

We report suppression of edge breakdown in mesa-structure SiC avalanche photodiodes (APDs) by employing a 10/spl deg/ sidewall bevel. These devices exhibit low dark currents, <10 pA for a 160-/spl mu/m-diameter device, at the onset of avalanche gain. Two-dimensional raster scans of both beveled and nonbeveled devices, fabricated from the same wafer, show the photocurrent as a function of position and illustrate the spatial properties of avalanche gain in SiC APDs.
Production of recombinant immunotherapeutics for anticancer treatment (2013)

Cancer is one of the most important health problems because many cases are difficult to prevent. Cancer still has unknown mechanisms of pathogenesis, and its capacity to produce temporary or permanent damage, besides death, is very high. Although many anticancer therapies are available, finding a cure for cancer continues to be a difficult task. Thus, many efforts have been made to develop more effective treatments, such as immunotherapy based on a new class of tumor-specific products that are produced using recombinant DNA technology. These recombinant products are used with the main objectives of killing the tumor and stimulating immune cells to respond to the cancer cells. The principal recombinant products in anticancer therapy are immunostimulants, vaccines, antibodies, immunotoxins and fusion proteins. This review focuses on the general aspects of these genetically engineered products, their clinical performance, current advances and future prospects for this type of anticancer therapy.
Derivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XXXII. The Synthesis of Azulenes via the Interactions of Arylacetylenes with Sulfenyl Halides. Part 1. 1,2,3-Triphenylazulene<sup>1,a,b,c</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XXXII. The Synthesis of Azulenes via the Interactions of Arylacetylenes with Sulfenyl Halides. Part 1. 1,2,3-Triphenylazulene1,a,b,cSteven J. Assony and Norman KharaschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 5978–5982Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts