gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speciation of arsenic using solid phase extraction cartridges (2001)

Various solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were investigated for speciation of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(v)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Cartridges containing different types of sorbent materials were tested for arsenic retention and elution characteristics. Alumina cartridges were found to completely retain all the four target arsenic species, and are suitable for removal and preconcentration purposes. For speciation analysis, different arsenic species were separated on the basis of their selective retention on and elution from specific cartridges. DMA was retained on a resin-based strong cation exchange cartridge and eluted with 1.0 M HCl. MMA and As(v) were both retained on a silica-based strong anion exchange cartridge and sequentially eluted with 60 mM acetic acid (for MMA) and 1.0 M HCl [for As(v)]. As(III) was not retained on either cartridge and remained in solution. Arsenic species in solution and those eluted from the cartridges were subsequently quantified by using flow injection with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (FI-HGAFS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HGAAS). A detection limit of 0.05 microg L(-1) arsenic in water sample was achieved using HGAFS. An application of the method was demonstrated at a drinking water treatment facility. As(III) and As(v) species were determined in water at various stages of treatment. The method is suitable for routine determination of trace levels of arsenic in drinking water to comply with more stringent environmental regulations.
A flow model for joint action recognition and identity maintenance (2012)

We propose a framework that performs action recognition and identity maintenance of multiple targets simultaneously. Instead of first establishing tracks using an appearance model and then performing action recognition, we construct a network flow-based model that links detected bounding boxes across video frames while inferring activities, thus integrating identity maintenance and action recognition. Inference in our model reduces to a constrained minimum cost flow problem, which we solve exactly and efficiently. By leveraging both appearance similarity and action transition likelihoods, our model improves on state-of-the-art results on action recognition for two datasets.
Tolerance of RNA Interference Toward Modifications of the 5′ Antisense Phosphate of Small Interfering RNA (2007)

Bringing RNA interference (RNAi) under the control of light will allow the spacing, timing, and degree of gene expression to be controlled. We have previously shown that RNAi by small interfering (si) RNA can be modulated through randomly incorporated photolabile groups. Our and others interest is to find key locations on siRNA that can completely block RNAi until irradiation releases completely active siRNA. Some literature suggests that the 5' phosphate of the antisense strand of siRNA cannot be modified without completely blocking RNAi. We have examined this site as a potential switch for light control of RNAi and present evidence that siRNA modified at the 5' antisense phosphate can still cause RNAi, although not at the level effected by fully native siRNA. This contrasts with results from the literature, which suggest that modification of the 5' antisense phosphate will completely abrogate RNAi in siRNA. We have used mass spectrometry to identify and quantitate possible impurities that may be responsible for residual RNAi and show that they are present at 1% or less. Our results suggest that there is an inherent tolerance of the RNAi machinery toward modification of the 5' antisense phosphate.
Onboard science software enabling future space science and space weather missions (2003)

On the path towards an operational Space Weather System are science missions involving as many as 100 spacecraft (Magnetospheric Constellation, DRACO, 2010). Multiple spacecraft are required to measure the macro, meso, and micro scale plasma physics that underlies Geospace phenomena. To be feasible, however, multiple spacecraft missions must be no more costly to operate than single spacecraft missions are today. Furthermore, communication availability places severe constraints on an entire mission architecture and hampers the resolution, coverage, timeliness, and hence, usefulness of spacecraft data. To address some of these constraints, we have been studying the possibility of performing some science data processing functions on board a pathfinding mission in NASA's Solar-Terrestrial Probe Line, Magnetospheric Multi Scale (MMS, 2008). Our multi level approach to developing an onboard science analysis system for potential use onboard the MMS mission will enhance MMS science by improving sensor coverage and by returning to Earth high-resolution data that would otherwise be discarded or not generated. Results of our work using Space Physics data sets from previous missions illustrate our approach.
Burst error smoothing by using the outer loop power control in DS-CDMA systems (2004)

In this paper we propose an algorithm for reverse link outer loop power control in COMA systems to smooth burst errors. DS-CDMA systems require tight control of transmit power to obtain the required performance. In DS-CDMA systems, closed loop power control on the reverse link is executed the inner loop and the outer loop. The inner loop allows the mobile station to reach its current signal to interference ratio (SIR) target through using a sequence of power up/down commands. The outer loop dynamically adjusts the target SIR so that adequate performance in terms of frame error rate (FER), the truly quality measure, is achieved. The propagation conditions of different mobile stations are different. For this reason, the effectiveness of the inner loop is not the same for all users. In some cases, it always comes close to the target, while in others the variability could be quite significant. The outer loop compensates for such variability by adjusting the SIR targets so that all users obtain the same performance in terms of error rate. In this work, we propose an outer-loop power control algorithm using the leaky bucket (LB) scheme. The characteristics of the algorithm are based on the frame error count, which is increased or decreased by using the leaky bucket principle. The leaky bucket scheme is based on two parameters: T (bucket limit) and D (drip rate). We adaptively adjust step 5izes, T and D. The algorithm will be simulated to prove its advantages for outer-loop power control.
Properties and reactivity of some pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes of aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties and reactivity of some pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes of aromatic nitrogen heterocyclesHenrique E. Toma and John M. MalinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 5, 1039–1045Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50123a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50123a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views848Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance models for Noahnet (1988)

Noahnet is an experimental flood local area network with features such as high reliability and high performance. Noahnet uses a randomly connected graph topology with four to five interconnections per node and a flooding protocol to route messages. The purpose of this paper is to present two analytical performance models which we have designed to understand the load-throughput behavior of Noahnet. Both models assume slotted Noahnet operation and also assume that if k messages attempt transmission in a slot, the network gets divided into k partitions of arbitrary sizes - one partition for each message. First, we show that the average number of successful messages in a slot given k partitions of transmissions is ( M - k )/( N - 1), where N is the number of nodes in the network and M is the number of nodes out of N that participate in the flooding of k messages. This is an interesting result and is used in both models to derive the load-throughput equations. Each model is then presented using a set of assumptions, derivations of load-throughput equations, a set of plots, and the discussion of results. Models one and two differ in the way they account for retransmissions.
Distribution of Neisseria meningitidisSerogroup B Serosubtypes and Serotypes Circulating in the United States (2000)

Because the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NMSB) capsule is poorly immunogenic in humans, immunization strategies have focused on noncapsular antigens. Both PorA and to a lesser extent PorB are noncapsular protein antigens capable of inducing protective bactericidal antibodies, and vaccines based on the outer membrane protein (OMP) components of serogroup B meningococci have been shown to be effective in clinical trials. Multiple PorA antigens seem to be needed to prevent endemic meningococcal disease around the world, and a hexavalent PorA-based meningococcal vaccine has recently been developed in The Netherlands. To evaluate the distribution of NMSB PorA and PorB antigens in the United States, serosubtyping and serotyping were done on 444 NMSB strains isolated in the active surveillance areas of the United States (total population, 32 million) during the period 1992 to 1998. A total of 244 strains were isolated from sporadic cases of meningococcal disease, and 200 strains were isolated from an epidemic in Oregon. A panel of 16 mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with PorA and 15 monoclonal antibodies reactive with PorB were used. Among the NMSB isolates obtained from sporadic cases, the most prevalent serosubtypes were P1.7,16 (14.3%), P1.19,15 (9.8%), P1.7,1 (8.6%), P1.5,2 (7.8%), P1. 22a, 14 (7.8%), and P1.14 (5.3%) and the most prevalent serotypes were 4,7 (27.5%), 15 (16%), 14 (8.6%), 10 (6.1%), 1 (4.9%), and 2a (3.7%). A multivalent PorA-based OMP vaccine aimed at the six most prevalent serosubtypes could have targeted about half of the sporadic cases of NMSB disease that occurred between 1992 and 1998 in the surveillance areas. Twenty serosubtypes would have had to be included in a multivalent vaccine to achieve 80% coverage of strains causing sporadic disease. The relatively large number of isolates that did not react with murine monoclonal antibodies indicates that DNA sequence-based variable region typing of NMSB will be necessary to provide precise information on the distribution and diversity of PorA antigens and correlation with nonserosubtypeable isolates. The high degree of variability observed in the PorA and PorB proteins of NMSB in the United States suggests that vaccine strategies not based on OMPs should be further investigated.
Depression, Psychotropic Medication, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction (1996)

These data suggest that a history of dysphoria and a major depressive episode increase the risk of MI. The association between psychotropic medication use and MI is probably a reflection of the primary relationship between depression and MI.
Increasing Mammography Screening among African American Women in Rural Areas (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a church-based breast cancer screening education program on mammography attainment by African American women 40 years old and older in rural Alabama. The sample consisted of 192 women who volunteered to participate in the study through 13 African American churches in a rural, economically-depressed Alabama county. The design was quasi-experimental and had some features of community-based participatory research. Churches were randomly assigned to three groups (full program, partial program and control). The full program (group educational session plus an in-home visit from a Home Health Educator) positively affected mammography attainment (38% increase from baseline to Time 2). In addition, barriers to mammography attainment were reduced for women who had not obtained a mammogram by follow-up. Community-based participatory projects in collaboration with churches and cooperative extension programs have the potential to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer in rural areas.
Radioimmunoassay of Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin in Serum, Amniotic Fluid, and Urine (1973)

Abstract A method is described for measurement of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) by use of a double-antibody technique, for concentrations ranging from 2 ng/ml to 20 µg/ml. The cross-reactive characteristics of rabbit anti-human HCS serum No. CT 3399 from NIAMD are explored. A dilution plan is presented utilizing a standard curve from 0.75 to 80 ng/ml. Concentrations (mean and ranges) for HCS in maternal serum (evaluated every four weeks during pregnancy), umbilical cord serum, serum from babies, amniotic fluid, and urine are given.
Altered thrombus formation in von Willebrand factor–deficient mice expressing von Willebrand factor variants with defective binding to collagen or GPIIbIIIa (2008)

The role of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in thrombosis involves its binding to a number of ligands. To investigate the relative importance of these particular interactions in the thrombosis process, we have introduced mutations into murine VWF (mVWF) cDNA inhibiting VWF binding to glycoprotein (Gp) Ib, GPIIbIIIa, or to fibrillar collagen. These VWF mutants were expressed in VWF-deficient mice (VWF(-/-)) by using an hydrodynamic injection approach, and the mice were studied in the ferric chloride-induced injury model. Expression of the collagen and the GPIIbIIIa VWF-binding mutants in VWF(-/-) mice resulted in delayed thrombus growth and significantly increased vessel occlusion times compared with mice expressing wild-type (WT) mVWF (30 +/- 3 minutes and 38 +/- 4 minutes for the collagen and GPIIbIIIa mutants, respectively, vs 19 +/- 3 minutes for WT mVWF). Interestingly, these mutants were able to correct bleeding time as efficiently as WT mVWF. In contrast, VWF(-/-) mice expressing the GPIb binding mutant failed to restore thrombus formation and were bleeding for as long as they were observed, confirming the critical importance of the VWF-GPIb interaction. Our observations suggest that targeting the VWF-collagen or VWF-GPIIbIIIa interactions could be an interesting alternative for new antithrombotic strategies.
Evolving FROGS:?phase retrieval from frequency-resolved optical gating measurements by use of genetic algorithms (1999)

We present a new technique based on genetic algorithms for retrieving the electric field and the phase of ultrashort pulses from frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) traces. We have successfully applied a very basic genetic algorithm to the two most common beam geometries: polarization gate and second-harmonic generation (SHG). In the case of SHG FROG, the genetic algorithm returns a lower error than the standard iterative composite algorithm.
Property-tailorable PFCB-containing polymers for wavelength division devices (2006)

This paper demonstrates the application of property-tailorable perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers to the fabrication of arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) devices for use in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. This novel series of PFCB polymers exhibits low optical attenuation, high thermal stability, and tailorable refractive index, facilitating the design of high-performance photonic devices. The design, fabrication, and characterization of AWGs are reported in this paper. The fabricated devices show high thermal stability and low on-chip losses. Optimization of devices through the tailoring of material properties and fabrication process parameters is discussed. The successful fabrication of AWG highlights the potential of this material for other devices in photonic applications
Acute Systemic Inflammation Increases Arterial Stiffness and Decreases Wave Reflections in Healthy Individuals (2005)

This is the first study to show through a cause-and-effect relationship that acute systemic inflammation leads to deterioration of large-artery stiffness and to a decrease in wave reflections. These findings have important implications, given the importance of aortic stiffness for cardiovascular function and risk and the potential of therapeutic interventions with antiinflammatory properties.
Dual transmission filters for enhanced energy in mode-locked fiber lasers (2011)

We theoretically demonstrate that in a laser cavity mode-locked by a set of waveplates and passive polarizer, the energy performance can be increased by incorporating a second set of waveplates and polarizer in the cavity. The two nonlinear transmission functions acting in combination can be engineered so as to suppress the multi-pulsing instability responsible for limiting the single pulse per round trip energy in a myriad of mode-locked cavities. In a single parameter sweep, the energy is demonstrated to double. It is anticipated that further engineering and optimization of the transmission functions by tuning the eight waveplates, fiber birefringence, two polarizers and two lengths of transmission fiber can lead to further significant increases. Moreover, the analysis suggests a general design and engineering principle that can potentially realize the goal of making fiber based lasers directly competitive with solid state devices. The technique is feasible and easy to implement without requiring a new cavity design paradigm.
An Interview with Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad Prime Minister of Malaysia (1998)

(1998). An Interview with Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad Prime Minister of Malaysia. Journal of Global Information Technology Management: Vol. 1, The Asian Perspective, pp. 3-7.
Mechanisms underlying the basal forebrain enhancement of top‐down and bottom‐up attention (2013)

Both attentional signals from frontal cortex and neuromodulatory signals from basal forebrain (BF) have been shown to influence information processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). These two systems exert complementary effects on their targets, including increasing firing rates and decreasing interneuronal correlations. Interestingly, experimental research suggests that the cholinergic system is important for increasing V1's sensitivity to both sensory and attentional information. To see how the BF and top-down attention act together to modulate sensory input, we developed a spiking neural network model of V1 and thalamus that incorporated cholinergic neuromodulation and top-down attention. In our model, activation of the BF had a broad effect that decreases the efficacy of top-down projections and increased the reliance of bottom-up sensory input. In contrast, we demonstrated how local release of acetylcholine in the visual cortex, which was triggered through top-down gluatmatergic projections, could enhance top-down attention with high spatial specificity. Our model matched experimental data showing that the BF and top-down attention decrease interneuronal correlations and increase between-trial reliability. We found that decreases in correlations were primarily between excitatory-inhibitory pairs rather than excitatory-excitatory pairs and suggest that excitatory-inhibitory decorrelation is necessary for maintaining low levels of excitatory-excitatory correlations. Increased inhibitory drive via release of acetylcholine in V1 may then act as a buffer, absorbing increases in excitatory-excitatory correlations that occur with attention and BF stimulation. These findings will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underyling the BF's interactions with attention signals and influences on correlations.
Eliciting Public Values for Complex Policy Decisions (1990)

Several approaches exist to illuminate and clarify public values relevant for making public policy decisions. These include surveys, indirect and direct value elicitation, focus groups and public involvement. This paper describes a new approach, called the public value forum, which combines elements of focus groups and direct multiattribute value elicitation techniques. Two public value forums were conducted with selected members of the West German public to elicit values relevant for setting long term energy policies. The purposes of conducting the value forums were to examine the feasibility of eliciting values from laypeople and combining them with factual assessments of experts, to determine the extent to which values elicited formally conflict with values elicited informally, and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the public value forum. The results indicate that the public value forum is feasible, that the participants felt comfortable with the procedure and that they were eager to resolve inconsistencies between their intuitive judgments and the multiattribute models. There was substantial conflict between the formally and informally elicited values. However, the participants were able to resolve those conflicts in the course of the value forum, tending towards more moderate alternatives in the process. The public value forum provided useful information for the policy process and education for the participants. However, because it is expensive and time consuming, its main application may involve small samples of opinion leaders and stakeholder representatives, rather than large representative samples of the general public.
Antibodies to the N-terminus of calpactin II (p35) affect calcium binding and phosphorylation by the epidermal growth factor receptor in vitro (1988)

Calpactins I and II are related 39-kilodalton (kDa) proteins that interact with phospholipids and actin in a calcium-dependent manner and are substrates of tyrosine protein kinases. They contain a short amino-terminal tail attached to a 36-kDa core domain. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were raised to bovine calpactin II and used as site-specific probes of its structure and function. All of the antibodies reacted with native calpactin II and gave rise to a single band of 39 kDa among total cell protein displayed on Western blots. Most of the antibodies (9/14) reacted with determinants on the tail as shown by Western blots and competition with a synthetic tail peptide. Four antibodies reacted with determinants on the core and a 10-kDa tryptic fragment. Antibody-calpactin II complexes were tested for their ability to interact with lipid, actin, and Ca2+ and to serve as substrates of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine protein kinase. Whereas none of the antibodies had a detectable effect on actin binding, two anticore antibodies reduced calpactin's affinity for phospholipid. Ca2+-binding sites are known to reside within the core region, yet most antitail antibodies markedly increased the affinity of calpactin II for Ca2+, with four Ca2+-binding sites observed. Antitail antibodies either (i) abolished or (ii) greatly stimulated (10-fold) the phosphorylation of calpactin II by the EGF receptor. These results suggest that the interactions between calpactin II and Ca2+, phospholipid, or the EGF receptor are more complex than previously thought and can be modulated by interactions occurring in the tail.