gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 90-kilodalton peptide of the heme-regulated eIF-2.alpha. kinase has sequence homology with the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein (1987)

Highly purified preparations of the heme-controlled eIF-2 alpha (eukaryotic peptide initiation factor 2 alpha subunit) kinase of rabbit reticulocytes contain an abundant 90-kilodalton (kDa) peptide that is immunologically cross-reactive with spectrin and that modulates the activity of the enzyme [Kudlicki, W., Fullilove, S., Read, R., Kramer, G., & Hardesty, B. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9695-9701]. The amino-terminal sequence of the 90-kDa protein has a high degree of similarity with the known amino-terminal sequences of the Drosophila 83-kDa heat shock protein (20 out of 22 residues) and with other related heat shock proteins. The amino acid sequence of a tryptic phosphopeptide isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography from the eIF-2 alpha kinase associated 90-kDa protein after phosphorylation by casein kinase II is shown to be identical with a 14 amino acid segment of the known sequence of the Drosophila 83-kDa heat shock protein. Results of hydrodynamic studies indicate a highly elongated structure for the reticulocyte protein, characteristic of a structural protein. Additional structural similarities between the eukaryotic heat shock proteins, the reticulocyte eIF-2 alpha kinase associated 90-kDa peptide, and spectrin are discussed.
Dependence of central airway resistance on frequency and tidal volume: a model study (1986)

The resistance of a hollow cast of human central airways was measured during true sinusoidal airflow oscillations over a wide range of frequencies (0.5–40 Hz) and for various flow amplitudes up to 8 l/s. Pressure and flow were measured in the trachea with high-performance transducers, digitized and averaged over 100 cycles. Data were studied at two points in the flow cycle: at peak inspiratory and expiratory flows and in the two neighborhoods around zero flow where airway resistance (Rv approximately equal to o) was taken as the average slope of the pressure-flow (P-V) curve in each zone. When data obtained near peak flow were plotted in terms of dimensionless pressure drop vs. peak Reynolds number (Rem) and compared with steady-state data, we found no difference up to 2 Hz as previously reported (Isabey and Chang, J. Appl. Physiol. 51: 1338–1348, 1981), a slight decay in pressure drop between 4 and 8 Hz, a frequency-dependent increase in peak flow resistance at high frequencies (10–40 Hz) governed by the Strouhal number alpha 2/Rem beyond alpha 2/Rem = 0.5. On the other hand RV approximately equal to o was found to increase relative to steady state as local acceleration increases, e.g., as peak flow increases at a fixed frequency; this differs from the classical linear theory of oscillatory flow in a long straight tube. To explain these results, we had to use, as in our previous study, an alternative expression for the Strouhal number, i.e., epsilon = L X A X (dV/dt)/V2 (where L and A are the length and cross-sectional area of the trachea and V is a constant flow range over which resistance around flow reversal was computed), which accurately reflects the ratio of local acceleration [d(V/A)/dt)] to convective acceleration [(V/A)2/L] in developing branching flow. Finally, to delineate the regions of dominance of each of the dimensionless parameters, we compiled frequency-tidal volume diagrams for peak flows as well as for reversal. Epsilon, which is negligible near peak flows, appeared to govern the oscillatory P-V relationship near flow reversal in a transitional region of the diagram located between regions of steadiness, or moderate unsteadiness, and a region of dominant unsteadiness governed by alpha.
Ensemble (2010)

Ensemble is a system that uses a collection of trusted personal devices to provide proximity-based authentication in pervasive environments. Users are able to securely pair their personal devices with previously unknown devices by simply placing them close to each other (e.g., users can pair their phones by just bringing them into proximity). Ensemble leverages a user's growing collection of trusted devices, such as phones, music players, computers and personal sensors to observe transmissions made by pairing devices. These devices analyze variations in received signal strength (RSS) in order to determine whether the pairing devices are in physical proximity to each other. We show that, while individual trusted devices can not properly distinguish proximity in all cases, a collection of trusted devices can do so reliably. Our Ensemble prototype extends Diffie-Hellman key exchange with proximity-based authentication. Our experiments show that an Ensemble-enabled collection of Nokia N800 Internet Tablets can detect devices in close proximity and can reliably detect attackers as close as two meters away.
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response by eIF2Bδ Isoforms (2010)

Cells respond to a variety of stresses, including unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), by phosphorylating a subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2, eIF2α. eIF2α phosphorylation inactivates the eIF2B complex. The inactivation of eIF2B not only suppresses the initiation of protein translation but paradoxically up-regulates the translation and expression of transcription factor ATF-4. Both of these processes are important for the cellular response to ER stress, also termed the unfolded protein response. Here we demonstrate that cellular response resulting from eIF2α phosphorylation is attenuated in several cancer cell lines. The deficiency of the unfolded protein response in these cells correlates with the expression of a specific isoform of a regulatory eIF2B subunit, eIF2Bδ variant 1 (V1). Replacement of total eIF2Bδ with V1 renders cells insensitive to eIF2α phosphorylation; specifically, they neither up-regulate ATF-4 and ATF-4 targets nor suppress protein translation. Expression of variant 2 eIF2Bδ in ER stress response-deficient cells restores the stress response. Our data suggest that V1 does not interact with the eIF2 complex, a requisite for eIF2B inhibition by eIF2α phosphorylation. Together, these data delineate a novel physiological mechanism to regulate the ER stress response with a large potential impact on a variety of diseases that result in ER stress.
IL-4 increases IL-2 production by T cells in response to accessory cell-independent stimuli (1991)

Freshly prepared, highly purified T cells from naive mice failed to produce IL-2 in response to soluble anti-CD3 antibody or to Con A and produced only small amounts of IL-2 in response to anti-CD3 coated on the surface of microwells. IL-2 production in response to soluble anti-CD3 or to Con A required the addition of accessory cells. By contrast, the addition of IL-4 strikingly enhanced the production of IL-2 by plate-bound anti-CD3-stimulated T cells in the absence or the presence of added accessory cells. Furthermore, anti-IL-4 mAb inhibited IL-2 production by anti-CD3-stimulated T cells, which indicates that endogenously produced IL-4 was important in IL-2 production by T cells to plate-bound anti-CD3. The capacity of IL-4 to enhance and of anti-IL-4 to inhibit IL-2 production in response to plate-bound anti-CD3 was also observed with both unstimulated T cells and with T cells that had been previously stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. When activated T cells were restimulated with anti-CD3, the effect of IL-4 in enhancing IL-2 production was detectable within 6 to 8 h after restimulation. The effect of IL-4 on IL-2 production was not due to prolongation of survival or to enhanced proliferation of T cells. Northern blot analysis showed that T cells treated with anti-CD3 plus IL-4 had more than 10-fold more IL-2 mRNA than did T cells treated with anti-CD3 plus anti-IL-4; this was observed within 6 h of stimulation under certain circumstances. The increased level of IL-2 mRNA by IL-4 was achieved without any change in message half-life, suggesting that IL-4 enhances transcriptional activation of the IL-2 gene in such cells. These results lead to the conclusion that IL-4 has a critical role in IL-2 production in response to accessory cell-independent stimuli (plate-bound anti-CD3 antibody), although it is not essential to IL-2 production in response to accessory cell-dependent stimuli (soluble anti-CD3 and Con A).
Seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in South Korea (2007)

The seroprevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic health check-up adult subjects in 2005 decreased to 59.6% from 66.9% in 1998, probably as a result of the improvement of socioeconomic status and hygiene.
Field distortion characterization using linewidth or pitch measurement (1995)

Field distortion in steppers and mask pattern generators can be a serious source of placement errors, which subsequently translate to overlay errors if different steppers/masks (with different distortion) are used in different layers of wafer printing. Such distortion is often determined using an expensive coordinate measuring system (e.g., Leica LMS2020 optical metrology system) which may not be readily available. We describe a simple and inexpensive technique for measuring field distortion using readily available instruments. The essence of the technique is to build up a pattern using multiple exposures with different portions of the field overlapped in the complete pattern, so that the resulting linewidth or pitch variation across the field gives the difference between the field distortion and a shifted field distortion. We can then reconstruct the field distortion by measuring the linewidth/pitch. We have applied this technique to two optical steppers, and have shown that the reconstructed field distortion agrees well with the direct LMS2020 measurement.
Blockade of SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling inhibits pancreatic cancer progression in vitro via inactivation of canonical Wnt pathway (2008)

Extra-pancreatic metastasis is a difficult problem for surgical intervention in pancreatic cancer. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was considered to have an important role in this process. We hypothesized it may contribute to the pancreatic cancer progression through influencing canonical Wnt pathway. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional role of CXCR4 in the progression of pancreatic cancers and explore the possible mechanism. To this end, the relation between CXCR4 and clinical characteristics was analysed. shRNA against CXCR4 was applied to disrupt the SDF-1/CXCR4 signal transduction pathways in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results showed that overall survival in the case of patients positive for CXCR4 expression was significantly lower than that in the case of patients negative for CXCR4 expression. Notably, in vitro studies we observed that the abrogation of CXCR4 could obviously influence the pancreatic cancer cell phenotype including cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and also inhibit the TOPflash activity. In addition, Wnt target genes and mesenchymal markers such as Vimentin and Slug were also inhibited in CXCR4 knockdown cells. Collectively, these data reported here demonstrate CXCR4 could modulate the canonical Wnt pathway and perhaps be a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer progression.
The Icelandic Langspil (1988)

Some of the elements of Icelandic traditional music and its uniqueness are explained, and information about the traditional Icelandic instrument called the langspil is provided.
Sentence Compression as a Component of a Multi-Document Summarization System (2006)

We applied a single-document sentence-trimming approach (Trimmer) to the problem of multi-document summariza-tion. Trimmer was designed with the in-tention of compressing a lead sentence into a space consisting of tens of char-acters. In our Multi-Document Trimmer (MDT), we use Trimmer to generate multiple trimmed candidates for each sentence. Sentence selection is used to determine which trimmed candidates provide the best combination of topic coverage and brevity. We demonstrate that we were able to port Trimmer easily to this new problem. We also show that MDT generally ranked higher for recall than for precision, suggesting that MDT is currently more successful at finding relevant content than it is at weeding out irrelevant content. Finally, we present an error analysis that shows that, while sentence compressions is making space for additional sentences, more work is needed in the area of generating and se-lecting the right candidates. 1
Change Detection by Frequency Decomposition: Wave-Back (2005)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration of ubiquinone-10 (Q10), at rest, in human skeletal muscle and blood plasma before and after a period of high-intensity training with or without Q10 supplementation. Another aim was to explore whether adenine nucleotide catabolism, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial function were affected by Q10 treatment. Seventeen young healthy men were assigned to either a control (placebo) or Q10-supplementation (120 mg/day) group. Q10 supplementation resulted in a significantly higher plasma Q10/total cholesterol level on Days 11 and 20 compared with Day 1. There was no significant change in the concentration of Q10 in skeletal muscle or in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria in either group. Plasma hypoxanthine and uric acid concentrations increased markedly after each exercise test session in both groups. After the training period, the postexercise increase in plasma hypoxanthine was markedly reduced in both groups, but the response was partially reversed after the recovery period. It was concluded that Q10 supplementation increases the concentration of Q10 in plasma but not in skeletal muscle.
Magnetocapacitance effect in nonmultiferroic YFeO3 single crystal (2012)

YFeO3 single crystal displays two relaxor-like dielectric relaxations, one at low temperature (170 − 300 K) and one at high temperature (370 − 520 K), which are attributed to the activation of electrons and oxygen vacancies, respectively. Above the temperature at which electrons are activated, the sample displays a large magnetocapacitance effect. Comparison of the impedance Cole-Cole plots measured with and without applied magnetic field reveals that the occurrence of magnetocapacitance effect is accompanied with an increasing in DC conductivity under magnetic field after the activation of electrons, which is explained by the enhancement of electron jumping in Fe2+-O-Fe3+ chains by magnetic field. Thus the magnetocapacitance effect in YFeO3 single crystal can be explained by the combination of the Maxwell-Wagner space charge effect and/or magnetoresistance effect, depending on the frequency range.
Practical in-place merging (1988)

We present a novel, yet straightforward linear-time algorithm for merging two sorted lists in a fixed amount of additional space. Constant of proportionality estimates and empirical testing reveal that this procedure is reasonably competitive with merge routines free to squander unbounded additional memory, making it particularly attractive whenever space is a critical resource.
On the Dynamics of the Error Floor Behavior in (Regular) LDPC Codes (2010)

It is shown that dominant trapping sets of regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, so-called absorption sets, undergo a two-phased dynamic behavior in the iterative message-passing decoding algorithm. Using a linear dynamic model for the iteration behavior of these sets, it is shown that they undergo an initial geometric growth phase which stabilizes in a final bit-flipping behavior where the algorithm reaches a fixed point. This analysis is shown to lead to very accurate numerical calculations of the error floor bit error rates down to error rates that are inaccessible by simulation. The topology of the dominant absorption sets of an example code, the IEEE 802.3an (2048,1723) regular LDPC code, are identified and tabulated using topological relationships in combination with search algorithms.
Includes: Cyclic Neutropenia, Severe Congenital Neutropenia (2011)

Summary Disease characteristics. ELANE-related neutropenia includes congenital neutropenia and cyclic neutropenia, both of which are primary hematologic disorders characterized by recurrent fever, skin and oropharyngeal inflammation (i.e., mouth ulcers, gingivitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis), and cervical adenopathy. Infectious complications are generally more severe in congenital neutropenia than in cyclic neutropenia. In congenital neutropenia, omphalitis immediately after birth may be the first sign; in untreated children diarrhea, pneumonia, and deep abscesses in the liver, lungs, and subcutaneous tissues are common in the first year of life. After 15 years with granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment, the risk of developing myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia AML is approximately 15%-25%. Cyclic neutropenia is usually diagnosed within the first year of life based on approximately three-week intervals of fever and oral ulcerations and regular oscillations of blood cell counts. Cellulitis, especially perianal cellulitis, is common during neutropenic periods. Between neutropenic periods, affected individuals are generally healthy. Symptoms improve in adulthood. Cyclic neutropenia is not associated with risk of malignancy or conversion to leukemia.
Development of expression systems for the production of recombinant human serum albumin using the <i>MOX</i> promoter in <i>Hansenula polymorpha </i>DL‐1 (2001)

To optimize the secretory expression of recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) under the control of methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL-1, we analyzed several parameters affecting the expression of HSA from the MOX promoter. Removal of the 5'-untranslated region derived from HSA cDNA in the expression cassette led to at least a fivefold improvement of HSA expression efficiency at the translational level. With the optimized expression cassette, the gene dosage effect on HSA expression was abolished and thus, a single copy of the expression vector integrated into the MOX locus became sufficient for the maximal expression of HSA. Northern blot analysis revealed that the levels of HSA transcript did not increase any further upon increasing copy number. The mox-disrupted (mox Delta) transformant was constructed, in which the genomic MOX gene was transplaced with the HSA expression cassette, to examine the effect of the methanol oxidase-deficient phenotype of the host on HSA expression. The mox Delta transformant showed higher levels of HSA production in shake-flask cultures than the MOX wild-type transformant, especially at low concentrations of methanol and a twofold higher specific HSA production rate in fed-batch fermentation with an abrupt induction mode. The native prepro signal sequence of HSA secreted in H. polymorpha was correctly processed and the mature recombinant protein had a pI value identical to that of the authentic HSA. Our results suggest that the H. polymorpha expression systems developed in this study are suitable for large-scale production of recombinant albumin.
Dual Frequency Ultrasonic Fluid Flowmeter (1968)

Ultrasonic transit time or phase delay flowmeters measure the difference in the time required for an acoustic wave to travel a fixed distance upstream vs downstream. The mechanical or electronic transposition switches introduce noise and limit the frequency response. The system to be described eliminates the need for transposition by the use of two different frequencies propagated continuously in opposite directions. Time resolution of the order of 10−10 sec and frequency response in the kilohertz range are readily attained.
Design and Fabrication of the Single Polepiece Magnetic Electron Lens of Truncated Cone Polepiece Shape (2011)

The magnetic electron objective lens is of a great importance which limit the resolving power of the electron microscope. The present work investigates the objective focal properties of a single polepiece magnetic electron lens of truncated cone polepiece shape of the selected geometrical dimensions for practical applications. The lens has been fabricated consist of cast shield made of mild steel combined with exciting isolated cooper coil of 500 turns. The theoretical and experimental results presented the magnetic flux density distribution and the objective focal properties of the lens, in mode of operation when the direction of incident electrons beam facing the lens back plate of the lens. Moreover, the theoretical and experimental results are in a good agreements. Keywords: electron optics, magnetic lens fabrication, design of magnetic lens, objective properties, low voltage scanning electron microscope.
OXYGENATION OF THE HUMAN PANCREAS DURING PRESERVATION BY A TWO-LAYER (UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SOLUTION/PERFLUOROCHEMICAL) COLD-STORAGE METHOD (1992)

KURODA, YOSHIKAZU; FUJINO, YASUHIRO; MORITA, AKIO; TANIOKA, YASUKI; KU, YONSON; SAITOH, YOICHI Author Information
Metagenomic analysis of bacterial infections by means of high-throughput DNA sequencing (2011)

DNA sequencing technology has undergone a remarkable and continuous improvement in recent years. The so-called 'high-throughput DNA sequencers' can determine hundreds of megabases of DNA sequences per run. We have been applying these new sequencers to the analysis of infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections. We review the efficacy of these sequencers, mainly based on our own experiences. The approach described here can be viewed as a metagenomic analysis of infectious diseases. The approach is in principle a method that does not depend on the type of target pathogens, so that it is possible to analyze various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, with a single common protocol. Applying this novel approach to cases in which infectious diseases are suspected because of environmental evidence, but the causative agent has not been identified, may lead to the discovery of unknown, novel pathogens. Also, the approach enables us to conduct an unbiased analysis of dynamics of the pathogen and associated microbiota in human specimens during the course of infectious diseases.
Unique Solution for Fracture Isolation Resolves Breakthrough Challenges in Horizontal Slim Hole Well (2008)

Abstract A mature well in a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia was no longer producing and was sidetracked in a workover operation to regain production. This paper describes the usage of swellable packers to isolate a detrimentally water producing fracture encountered during drilling of a 3-7/8" slim hole horizontal in a naturally fractured carbonate reservoir. No means of open hole/slim hole isolation were available prior to the introduction of swellable packers. The packers were successfully run and the well was brought into production at good rates and low water cut.
Experiments and simulation of the growth of droplets on a surface (breath figures) (1991)

Detailed experiments are reported of the growth of droplets when water vapor condenses from a saturated carrier gas onto a hydrophobic plane substrate. We have investigated the effects of the carrier-gas flow velocity, the nature of the gas, the experimental geometry, and heat transfer through the substrate. Individual drops grow according to a power law with exponent \ensuremath{\mu}=1/3. At high flow velocities, the temperature of the substrate can rise significantly, which lowers the condensation rate and leads to lower apparent growth-law exponents. A self-similar regime is reached when droplets interact by coalescences. The coalescences continuously rescale the pattern, produce spatial correlations between the droplets, and accelerate the growth, leading to a power law with an exponent ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{0}$=3\ensuremath{\mu}. The experiments are compared to predictions of scaling laws and to simulations.