gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Six-Arm Star Poly(δ-valerolactone)-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers (2005)

Novel amphiphilic six-arm star diblock copolymers based on biocompatible and biodegradable poly(delta-valerolactone) (PVL) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) were synthesized by a two-step process. First, the hydrophobic star-shaped PVL with hydroxyl terminated functional groups was synthesized using a multifunctional alcohol, dipentaerythritol (DPE), as the initiator and fumaric acid as the catalyst. The amphiphilic six-arm star copolymer of poly(delta-valerolactone)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), (PVL-b-MePEG)(6), was then synthesized by coupling the hydroxyl terminated six-arm PVL homopolymer with alpha-methoxy-omega-chloroformate-poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG-COCl). (1)H NMR and GPC analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of star-shaped copolymers with predicted compositions and narrow molecular weight distributions. DSC analysis revealed that the glass transition temperatures of the star PVL homopolymers with M(n) between 5000 and 49 000 are not dependent on their molecular weights, whereas the melting temperatures of both the PVL homopolymers and the amphiphilic (PVL-b-MePEG)(6) copolymers increase with an increase in the PVL molecular weight. Micelles were prepared from the (PVL-b-MePEG)(6) copolymers via the dialysis method and found to have effective mean diameters ranging from 10 to 45 nm, depending on the copolymer composition. In addition, the (PVL-b-MePEG)(6) copolymers having lower PVL content were found to form micelles with a narrow monomodal size distribution, whereas the copolymers having higher PVL content tended to form aggregates with a bimodal size distribution. The noncytotoxicity of the copolymers was also confirmed in CHO-K1 fibroblast cells using a cell viability assay, indicating that the (PVL-b-MePEG)(6) copolymers are suitable for biomedical applications such as drug delivery.
Pivot‐shift test: Analysis and quantification of knee laxity parameters using a navigation system (2009)

Lachman, drawer, and pivot-shift (PS) tests are important in the assessment of ACL reconstruction. The goal of this work was to analyze the reliability of the PS test using a navigation system, identifying a set of new quantitative parameters and evaluating their clinical relevance. Eighteen patients that underwent anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction were included. The new dynamic parameters were: anteroposterior translation of the medial and lateral compartments and the joint center and internal/external and varus/valgus rotations of the joint. For each parameter we measured the peaks and the areas obtained during the test. Intratester repeatability, comparisons of pre- and postoperative laxities, and correlations between the PS peaks and the corresponding peaks obtained with standard static tests were evaluated. Areas, peaks, and static laxity outcomes were compared, grouping patients according to the preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. The PS test was reliable in identifying the surgical reconstruction. Correlation analysis showed good coefficients both for pre- and postoperative values. Patients with IKDC grade "D" had larger areas during the PS compared to patients with grade "C". Our analysis is helpful for characterizing patient-specific laxity and surgical performance, thus highlighting the clinical relevance of the PS test.
New Books: The Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances. By F. Russell Bichowsky and Frederick D. Rossini (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Books: The Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances. By F. Russell Bichowsky and Frederick D. RossiniC. J. WestCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1937, 41, 2, 333Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/j150380a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (98 KB) Get e-Alerts
Human Renal Carcinoma Line Transfected With Interleukin-2 and/or Interferon   Gene(s): Implications for Live Cancer Vaccines (1993)

Continuous local delivery of cytokines via transfer of cytokine genes into tumor cells for use as live cancer vaccines is a novel strategy for manipulation of host-mediated antitumor immune response in patients with advanced RCC.
Prazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. (1985)

Prazosin, an antagonist of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, has been found to suppress the clinical and histological expression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the Lewis rat. Suppression was more significant in females than in males and was a dose-dependent phenomenon. Analysis of the effect of other adrenergic receptor antagonists supports the conclusion that the suppressive effect of prazosin is a consequence of blockade of the alpha 1-receptor since treatment with either the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine or the beta-antagonist propranolol exacerbated the disease, whereas treatment with the long-acting mixed alpha 1/alpha 2-antagonist phenoxybenzamine had some suppressive activity. Treatment with prazosin was also able to suppress clinical and histological signs of EAE in animals sensitized by adoptive transfer with activated spleen or lymph node cells. Whether prazosin acts through altering vascular permeability or the immune response, or both, remains to be determined.
Microwave curing of composite structures at HEPHAISTOS Experimental Centre (HEC) (2008)

The use of microwave heating and processing in the composite field shows new approaches on the process interaction, e.g. for the fibre materials, precursors, resin systems, lay-up preparation with direct consequences on the adjustable material properties. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) materials can be heated volumetrically with microwaves, offering the opportunity of very high heating rates and improved mechanical performance. In comparison to conventional heating where the heat transfer is diffusive and depends on the thermal conductivity of the material, the microwave field penetrates the material and acts as an instantaneous heat source at each volumetric point of the structure. The HEPHAISTOS microwave systems have been the first overmoded resonators to be designed on a modular hexagonal applicator concept originally at 30 GHz. This concept for obtaining highly homogeneous fields was refined by simulations and industrialized in 2002 from mm-wave technology to a highly energy efficient industrial microwave technology at 2.45 GHz to meet low component costs. The technology has been patented world-wide and licensed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe to the company of Votsch, Reiskirchen in Germany. Several HEPHAISTOS systems have been built since 2005 and successfully tested in-house Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe or at the applicant site. The technology offers a maximum effort using autoclave-less fabricating methods which are currently under development in the aviation and supplier industry. In December 2007 the HEPHAISTOS Experimental Centre (HEC) has been opened up to demonstrate and test the technology for interested companies. As well the development for continuous HEPHAISTOS systems will be worked out as the HEPHAISTOS-CA3 system, being currently the largest microwave chamber system in the world (70001 volume) is equipped first time with a throughput capability. Process developments for CFRP structures and other application are continuously proceeding.
Low Complexity Moving Target Parameter Estimation for MIMO Radar Using 2D-FFT (2017)

In multiple-input multiple-output radar, to localize a target and estimate its reflection coefficient, a given cost function is usually optimized over a grid of points. The performance of such algorithms is directly affected by the grid resolution. Increasing the number of grid points enhances the resolution of the estimator but also increases its computational complexity exponentially. In this paper, two reduced complexity algorithms are derived based on Capon and amplitude and phase estimation (APES) to estimate the reflection coefficient, angular location, and Doppler shift of multiple moving targets. By exploiting the structure of the terms, the cost function is brought into a form that allows us to apply the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and reduce the computational complexity of estimation. Using low resolution 2D-FFT, the proposed algorithm identifies suboptimal estimates and feeds them as initial points to the derived Newton gradient algorithm. In contrast to the grid-based search algorithms, the proposed algorithm can optimally estimate on- and off-the-grid targets in very low computational complexity. A new APES cost function with better estimation performance is also discussed. Generalized expressions of the Cramér-Rao lower bound are derived to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Methods for Collision-Free Navigation of Multiple Mobile Robots in Unknown Cluttered Environments (2014)

Navigation and guidance of autonomous vehicles is a fundamental problem in robotics, which has attracted intensive research in recent decades. This report is mainly concerned with provable collision avoidance of multiple autonomous vehicles operating in unknown cluttered environments, using reactive decentralized navigation laws, where obstacle information is supplied by some sensor system. Recently, robust and decentralized variants of model predictive control based navigation systems have been applied to vehicle navigation problems. Properties such as provable collision avoidance under disturbance and provable convergence to a target have been shown; however these often require significant computational and communicative capabilities, and don't consider sensor constraints, making real time use somewhat difficult. There also seems to be opportunity to develop a better trade-off between tractability, optimality, and robustness. The main contributions of this work are as follows; firstly, the integration of the robust model predictive control concept with reactive navigation strategies based on local path planning, which is applied to both holonomic and unicycle vehicle models subjected to acceleration bounds and disturbance; secondly, the extension of model predictive control type methods to situations where the information about the obstacle is limited to a discrete ray-based sensor model, for which provably safe, convergent boundary following can be shown; and thirdly the development of novel constraints allowing decentralized coordination of multiple vehicles using a robust model predictive control type approach, where a single communication exchange is used per control update, vehicles are allowed to perform planning simultaneously, and coherency objectives are avoided.
Paleoecologic and Biostratigraphic Models for Pleistocene Through Miocene Foraminiferal Assemblages of the Gulf Coast Basin (1993)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Stator flux oriented asynchronous vector modulation for AC-drives (2002)

A vector modulation strategy (stator flux-oriented asynchronous vector modulation, of SFAVM) for voltage stiff pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-inverters in three-phase AC drives is presented. Switching between the voltage vectors is achieved on the basis of a desired trajectory for the state flux vector, which determines the airgap torque of the AC machine. This strategy with constant switching periods and duty cycles proportional to the voltage amplitude makes it possible to operate with a one-dimensional look-up table, conventional digital control schemes with constant sampling periods, and full synchronization between controllers and the switching process in the PWM-inverter. The fundamental current component can be obtained directly by sampling twice in each switching period without filtering, and the controller sampling period can be half the switching period, which makes it possible to exploit the maximum torque bandwidth of the AC drive. SFAVM is suited for fully digital fast response control of AC drives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mode-locking via dissipative Faraday instability (2016)

Emergence of coherent structures and patterns at the nonlinear stage of modulation instability of a uniform state is an inherent feature of many biological, physical and engineering systems. There are several well-studied classical modulation instabilities, such as Benjamin-Feir, Turing and Faraday instability, which play a critical role in the self-organization of energy and matter in non-equilibrium physical, chemical and biological systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate the dissipative Faraday instability induced by spatially periodic zig-zag modulation of a dissipative parameter of the system-spectrally dependent losses-achieving generation of temporal patterns and high-harmonic mode-locking in a fibre laser. We demonstrate features of this instability that distinguish it from both the Benjamin-Feir and the purely dispersive Faraday instability. Our results open the possibilities for new designs of mode-locked lasers and can be extended to other fields of physics and engineering.
Accelerated aging system for prognostics of power semiconductor devices (2010)

Prognostics is an engineering discipline that focuses on estimation of the health state of a component and the prediction of its remaining useful life (RUL) before failure. Health state estimation is based on actual conditions and it is fundamental for the prediction of RUL under anticipated future usage. Failure of electronic devices is of great concern as future aircraft will see an increase of electronics to drive and control safety-critical equipment throughout the aircraft. Therefore, development of prognostics solutions for electronics is of key importance. This paper presents an accelerated aging system for gate-controlled power transistors. This system allows for the understanding of the effects of failure mechanisms, and the identification of leading indicators of failure which are essential in the development of physics-based degradation models and RUL prediction. In particular, this system isolates electrical overstress from thermal overstress. Also, this system allows for a precise control of internal temperatures, enabling the exploration of intrinsic failure mechanisms not related to the device packaging. By controlling the temperature within safe operation levels of the device, accelerated aging is induced by electrical overstress only, avoiding the generation of thermal cycles. The temperature is controlled by active thermal-electric units. Several electrical and thermal signals are measured in-situ and recorded for further analysis in the identification of leading indicators of failures. This system, therefore, provides a unique capability in the exploration of different failure mechanisms and the identification of precursors of failure that can be used to provide a health management solution for electronic devices.
The Space Campout (2009)

The space campout is a thinly veiled representation of the detection of ballistic missiles in their midcourse phase. It has a certain whimsy that I like, and it sounds nicer. Two astronauts were camping out in the Shuttle. Happy hour was approaching, but their block of ice had disappeared. This was a 1−m 3 block from which they chipped the ice that would cool their drinks. The astronauts hoped to find it quicklyâwithin the next 20 minutes. So they pulled out their pads and pencils to design an infrared device to detect and locate the precious chunk of hard water. If they succeed, it will surely be the fastest infrared in space! We will assume that the Shuttle altitude, h, is 1000 km, that is, 1 Mm. It is in circular orbit around the Earth. The block is probably at the same altitude, but that cannot be assumed. We can assume that the block does not go higher. We will also assume that it separated from the Shuttle at a differential velocity. Figure 3.1 illustrates the geometry.
APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN BIOMEDICINE (2012)

(Ionic liquids) ILs have unique properties compared with conventional solvents, opening a wide range of application as solvents and catalysts. ILs' cytotoxicity extend their application in biomedicine by acting as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. This article reviews the current research advances of ILs' biomedical application from the following four aspects: solvents, catalysts, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. By introducing ILs' interesting structures and their corresponding unique properties, this review concludes the current state-of-art of ILs biomedical applications. We also try to point out the ILs issues and solutions for more potential applications in biomedicine.
Diesel Passenger Vehicles - Can They Meet Air Quality Needs and Climate Change Goals? (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A conversion to light-duty diesel vehicles is considered one pathway for reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. However, expanding diesel's market share could have significant public health consequences. This paper evaluates the environmental tradeoffs of diesel passenger vehicles, and suggests that a rapid conversion to light-duty diesel vehicles could yield carbon emission savings within the decade of up to 4 percent versus the base case. While significant reductions in criteria emissions appears technologically possible, it will likely require that diesels incorporate two exhaust control systems and utilize reformulated diesel fuel or alternative fuels. Finally, we suggest that diesel manufacturers must address other evolving public health concerns, including emissions of ultrafine particles and toxics, before expanding the market share of the diesel powerplant.</div>
Diltiazem at reperfusion reduces neutrophil accumulation and infarct size in dogs with ischaemic myocardium (1991)

Diltiazem given during reperfusion reduces infarct size by a mechanism that includes an inhibition of neutrophil accumulation in the post-ischaemic myocardium.
DynamicMaps (2015)

We present a novel system for browsing through a very large set of images according to similarity. The images are dynamically placed on a 2D canvas next to their nearest neighbors in a high-dimensional feature space. The layout and choice of images is generated on-the-fly during user interaction, reflecting the user's navigation tendencies and interests. This intuitive solution for image browsing provides a continuous experience of navigating through an infinite 2D grid arranged by similarity. In contrast to common multidimensional embedding methods, our solution does not entail an upfront creation of a full global map. Image map generation is dynamic, fast and scalable, independent of the number of images in the dataset, and seamlessly supports online updates to the dataset. Thus, the technique is a viable solution for massive and constantly varying datasets consisting of millions of images. Evaluation of our approach shows that when using DynamicMaps, users viewed many more images per minute compared to a standard relevance feedback interface, suggesting that it supports more fluid and natural interaction that enables easier and faster movement in the image space. Most users preferred DynamicMaps, indicating it is more exploratory, better supports serendipitous browsing and more fun to use
The molecular biology of plant DNA viruses (1985)

Abstract Two major groups of plant DNA viruses have been described in the literature: the double‐stranded cauli‐moviruses and the single strand geminiviruses. The genomes of viruses from both groups have peculiar properties that reveal unexpected features in either the replication or expression of their genomes. For example, cauliflower mosaic virus appears to replicate through a mechanism involving the reverse transcription of viral RNA, similar to steps described for the replication of animal retrovirus and hepatitis B‐group virus genomes. Viral genomes from both groups have been entirely sequenced and the anatomy of the genomes deduced from the sequence data shows fundamental differences in genome organization. Viron DNA in caulimoviruses is double‐stranded, but only one strand is a sense or coding strand and is transcribed in plants. Although virion DNA in geminiviruses is single‐stranded, both the virion strand and its complement are sense strands and presumably transcribed in plants. While caulimovirus genomes are composed of a single DNA component, geminivirus genomes are composed of one or two components, depending on the virus.
Heuristic algorithms for joint configuration of the optical and electrical layer in multi-hop wavelength routing networks (2002)

An efficient and general graph-theoretic model (the wavelength-graph (WG)) has been proposed which enables solution of the static routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problems in multihop wavelength routing (WR) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks simultaneously, and-as a unique feature-it optimises the optical layer jointly with the electrical one. Based on the proposed WG model the problem has been formulated as an integer linear program (ILP), solved by stochastic algorithms improved by simple heuristics. The topology of the physical layer, the type of each node (e.g., OADM, OXC or EXC), the number of available wavelengths per link and the capacity of each wavelength-channel are assumed given with the aggregated traffic demand of each node-pair. The output of the optimisation is the system of wavelength paths, light paths and semi-light paths. The objective of the optimisation is to reduce resource usage at upper (electrical) layers, subject to the constrained amount of capacity of each wavelength and a limited number of wavelengths. Although the problem to be solved is NP-hard, all methods proposed give a result in a very short time.
Comparative Toxicity of 3-Trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to Larval Lampreys and Eleven Species of Fishes (1962)

The tolerances of larval lampreys, rainbow trout, and 10 species of warmwater fishes to 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), a selective lamprey larvicide, were determined in three dilution waters of different physical and chemical characteristics. Differential toxic effects of the chemical to larval lampreys and test fishes varied broadly with the species of fish. Smallmouth bass and other centrarchids were most tolerant of the chemical; walleye, yellow perch, bullheads, and white suckers were most susceptible. The toxicity of TFM to both lampreys and fishes diminished as the conductivity and alkalinity of the dilution water increased. The differential action of the chemical was retained in all waters, however.