gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentose Metabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum MNF300 and in Cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 (1986)

SUMMARY: L-Arabinose is broken down by Rhizobium leguminosarum MNF300 via 2-oxoglutarate semialdehyde. Enzyme activities in cells grown on succinate, mannitol or arabinose indicated much greater modulation of arabinonate dehydratase, 2-keto-3-deoxyarabinonate dehydratase and 2-oxoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase than of arabinose dehydrogenase or of arabinono-γ-lactonase. In cowpea Rhizobium NGR234, all the enzymes of L-arabinose metabolism except L-arabinono-γ-lactonase were inducible. Assays for such enzymes in snake bean bacteroids indicated that L-arabinose did not reach the bacteroids in large quantities. The Tn5-induced mutant MNF3045 of R. leguminosarum was unable to grow on L-arabinose and accumulated L-arabinono-γ-lactone and L-arabinonate. Product accumulation and enzyme assays suggested that this mutant was defective in L-arabinonate dehydratase. It nodulated peas and the nodules fixed N2, indicating that the supply of L-arabinose is not essential for bacteroid function. Another Tn5-induced mutant of R. leguminosarum, MNF3041, lacked ribokinase and was unable to grow on D-ribose; this mutant was also able to nodulate peas and fix N2.
Whitney Award Lecture—1986: Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Hot Corrosion of Metals (1986)

Metals and alloys may experience accelerated oxidation when their surfaces are coated by a thin film of fused salt in an oxidizing gas. This mode of attack is called hot corrosion, and the most usual or dominant salt involved is sodium sulfate because of its high thermodynamic stability. The corrosive oxyanion fused salts exhibit an acid-base chemistry and are usually ionically conducting electrolytes, so that the corrosion attack must exhibit an electrochemical mechanism with certain characteristics analogous to aqueous atmospheric corrosion. Hot corrosion may involve fluxing of the protective oxides as either acidic or basic solutes in the fused salt. The thermodynamic phase stability can be described by high-temperature Pourbaix-type diagrams, and these can be used to interpret the basicity-dependent solubilities. Measured solubilities for NiO, Co3O4, Al2O3, Fe oxides, SiO2, and Cr2O3 in fused Na2SO4 at 1200 K exhibit remarkable agreement with the expected behavior and permit the calculation of activity coefficients for the acidic and basic solutes. Various transient electrochemical measurements have identified S2O72– (dissolved SO3) as the oxidizing agent that is reduced in hot corrosion attack. Electrochemical polarization studies of alloys in deep salt melts are discussed and compared with the local chemical changes observed for the polarization of a nonreactive Pt electrode. Mechanistic models for Types 1 and 2 hot corrosion are discussed.
Level-Successive Encoding for Digital Photography. (2003)

We propose a level-successive encoding scheme for the compression of continuous tone images. The compressed bit stream is partitioned into individual segments corresponding to successive bits and arranged in order of decreasing significance of the bits. Bit-plane scalability is achieved by recursively partitioning the image into an LSB bit-plane and remaining higher order bits and encoding the LSB bit-plane using the remaining bits as context. This allows the scheme to achieve excellent compression performance by exploiting both spatial and inter-level correlations. We compare the proposed scheme with a number of scalable and non-scalable lossless image compression algorithms to benchmark its performance. Results indicate that the level-embedded compression incurs only a small penalty in compression efficiency over conventional lossless schemes while offering the benefit of easy bit-plane scalability.
Comparison of budesonide and disodium cromoglycate for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. (1994)

The results suggest that nasally administered budesonide has greater efficacy than DSCG in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children.
A Review of Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware Communication Systems (2019)

Multiple neuromorphic systems use spiking neural networks (SNNs) to perform computation in a way that is inspired by concepts learned about the human brain. SNNs are artificial networks made up of neurons that fire a pulse, or spike, once the accumulated value of the inputs to the neuron exceeds a threshold. One of the most challenging parts of designing neuromorphic hardware is handling the vast degree of connectivity that neurons have with each other in the form of synaptic connections. This paper analyzes the neuromorphic systems Neurogrid, Braindrop, SpiNNaker, BrainScaleS, TrueNorth, Loihi, Darwin, and Dynap-SEL; and discusses the design of large scale spiking communication networks used in such systems. In particular, this paper looks at how each of these systems solved the challenges of forming packets with spiking information and how these packets are routed within the system. The routing of packets is analyzed at two scales: How the packets should be routed when traveling a short distance, and how the packets should be routed over longer global connections. Additional topics, such as the use of asynchronous circuits, robustness in communication, connection with a host machine, and network synchronization are also covered.
Hybrid gadolinium oxide nanoparticles combining imaging and therapy (2009)

The cytotoxicity of luminescent paramagnetic gadolinium oxide nanoparticles activated by harmless thermal neutron irradiation was evaluated on a luciferase coding gene transfected lymphome cells (EL4-Luc). Cellular uptake of nanoparticles was determined by fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging and by ICP-MS analyses while the metabolic activity of irradiated EL4-Luc cells was monitored by bioluminescence. The alteration of the irradiated cells depends both on neutron irradiation dose and on gadolinium content within cells. In addition to their dual modality imaging ability, the application of these multifunctional particles for neutron capture therapy can be envisaged.
Dissimilar Properties of Two Recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus Strains Displaying Salmonella FliC with Different Anchoring Motifs (2011)

Display of heterologous antigens on the cell surface is considered a useful technique for vaccine delivery by recombinant lactobacilli. In this study, two recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus derivatives displaying Salmonella flagellin (FliC) were constructed using different anchor motifs. In one instance, the FliC protein was fused to the C-terminal region of a cell envelope proteinase (PrtP) and was bound to the cell wall by electrostatic bonds. In the other case, the same antigen was conjugated to the anchor region of mucus binding protein (Mub) and was covalently associated with the cell wall by an LPXTG motif. These two recombinant L. acidophilus cell surface displays resulted in dissimilar maturation and cytokine production by human myeloid dendritic cells. The surface-associated antigen was highly sensitive to simulated gastric and small intestinal juices. By supplementation with bicarbonate buffer and soybean trypsin inhibitor, the cell surface antigen was protected from proteolytic enzymes during gastric challenge in vitro. The protective reagents also increased the viability of the L. acidophilus cells upon challenge with simulated digestive juices. These results demonstrate the importance of protecting cells and their surface-associated antigens during oral immunization.
공공디자인 가이드라인에 관한 고찰 (2015)

전라남도는 공공디자인 가이드라인을 설정하였는데 그 내용에는 공공디자인 가이드라인의 기본구상과 공공공간, 공공건축물, 도시 구조물, 가로시설물, 옥외광고물, 색채에 관한 지침을 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 전라남도의 공공디자인 가이드라인이 전라남도의 특성을 반영하여 적정하게 수립되었으며, 그 실행과 관련한 타당성을 분석한 후, 담양군 사례 연구를 통하여 담양군의 공공디자인의 실태와 현재 이용되고 있는 공공디자인의 시설물의 문제점을 파악하고, 향후 공공디자인 시설물을 설치할 때 고려해야 할 사항을 제안하고자 한다.
ChemInform Abstract: Isostructural η2‐Dihydrogen Complexes (Os(NH3)5(H2))n+ (n = 2, 3) and the Hydrogenation of Acetone. (1990)

Abstract The reduction of the Os(III) complex (I) in methanol or aqueous solution affords the dihydrogen complex (II).
Direct Observation of the Lorentzian Line Shape as Limited by Quantum Phase Noise in a Laser above Threshold (1969)

The quantum-phase-noise-limited Lorentzian power spectral densities of ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.88}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.12}$Te diode lasers were directly measured. Linewidths as narrow as 54 kHz were observed and quantitatively analyzed. The predicted inverse dependence of linewidth on laser power was also demonstrated. These results were obtained from the beat-note spectra produced by heterodyning the diode laser, operating cw at 10.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m, with a stable, single-frequency C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ gas laser.
The chemistry of dental cements (1978)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
The Preparation of Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid and its Methanol Complex. Some Reactions of Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid and its Methanol Complex. Some Reactions of Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid1B. PechererCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3827–3830Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a080Request reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (614 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@mSiO<sub>2</sub> core–shell nanocomposite capped with disulfide gatekeepers for enzyme-sensitive controlled release of anti-cancer drugs (2014)

Multifunctional nanocarriers based on the magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle core and bis-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxy phenyl) disulfide (R-S-S-R<sub>1</sub>) modified mesoporous silica shell (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@mSiO<sub>2</sub>@R-S-S-R<sub>1</sub>) were synthesized for cancer treatment through passive targeting and enzyme-sensitive drug release. Anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was used as the model cargo to reveal the release behavior of the system. The drug loading system (DOX-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@mSiO<sub>2</sub>@R-S-S-R<sub>1</sub>) retains the drug until it reaches the tumor tissue where glutathione reductase (GSH) can degrade the disulfide bonds and release the drug. Furthermore, the grafting amount of R-S-S-R<sub>1</sub> can be used to adjust the release performance. All the release behaviors fit the Higuchi model very well and the release kinetics are predominated by disulfide bond degradation and mesoporous structure. With good bioactivity and targeted release performance, the system could play an important role in the development of intracellular delivery nanodevices for cancer therapy.
A theoretical consideration of pattern space trajectory for gesture spotting recognition (2002)

We propose a new appearance-based feature for real-time gesture recognition from motion images. The feature is the shape of the trajectory caused by gesture, in pattern space defined by inner-product between patterns on frame images. It has three merits, (1) invariant for the target human man's position, size and lie, (2) gesture recognition without interpreting frame image contents, (3) no costly statistical calculation. And it gives us a theoretical guarantee about the effectiveness of several time-sequence matching methods using shapes in the eigenspace or results of position tracking. In this paper, we describe the properties of the gesture trajectory feature, and some experimental results in order to show its applicability to gesture recognition with a theoretical consideration.
<title>Photoresist as a recording material for holographic elements</title> (1993)

Photoresist, as one of the most important materials for recording holographic diffraction structures, is treated particularly from the point of view of a control of the development of the surface-relief profile of the grating groove. Primary attention is given to the formation of the desirable profile for the grating multiple beam splitter.
Collision Detection VLSI Processor for Highly-Safe Intelligent Vehicles Using a Multiport Content-Addressable Memory. (1999)

High-speed collision detection plays an essential role in a collision warning system for highly-safe vehicles. In collision detection, high computational power is required to perform matching operation between discrete points of obstacles and a vehicle. This paper presents design of a collision detection VLSI processor using content-addressable memories (CAMs) for parallel matching operation. The VLSI processor consists of identical CAMs and processing elements (PEs) for coordinate transformation. If they are fully utilized and the fixed computation time of the VLSI processor is given as a constraint, area minimization of the VLSI processor is attributed to minimization of the area-time product of the CAM and the PE. To reduce the area-time product of the CAM, a multiport CAM (MCAM) is proposed. Each word stored in the MCAM is shared between multiple matching units so that matching operation can be performed in parallel with multiple input words without increasing memory capacity. It is shown that the area of the VLSI processor using 4-port CAMs can be reduced to 43% in comparison with the area of the VLSI processor without them under a time constraint.
Genetic heterogeneity of migraine with and without aura in Danes cannot be explained by mutation in mtDNA nucleotide pair 11084 (2009)

Our result excludes a significant role of this mutation in the etiology of migraine in Denmark, and its absence in non-migraineurs supports that this mutation is rare in non-Japanese populations.
Semi-elliptical dipole antenna for RF energy scavenging (2015)

A method to miniaturize a planar semi-elliptical dipole antenna in the FM band (88-108 MHz), is presented. The proposed method modifies the antenna's structure, having dimensions of a roof tile (L = 432 mm × W = 345 mm), so that an array can be created. The first step was to use slots to meander the surface current path of the antenna lowering the resonating frequency and size. The second step involved using a passive matching network to further reduce the overall dimensions of the antenna with minimal loss. It was shown by using both slots and a matching circuit a size reduction of 0.311 × 0.251 was achieved with a bandwidth of 6% and a gain of 0 dBi at 100 MHz. This antenna can be used for RF energy scavenging applications.
Manipulation Of Lignin Biosynthesis To Maximize Ethanol Production From Populus Feedstocks (2012)

Our research focuses on transgenic strategies for modifying lignification to improve biomass quality, without leading to deleterious effects on plant performance. In order to accomplish this objective, we designed molecular strategies and selected appropriate transgenes for manipulating the expression of lignification-associated genes; we generated poplar engineered for altered lignin content and/or monomer composition, and field-tested them for fitness; we analyzed the impact of these transgenic strategies on metabolism in general and lignin biosynthesis in particular; and evaluated the ease with which cell wall deconstruction can be accomplished using both chemical and enzymatic means using wild-type and high syringyl poplar.
E = MC <sup>3</sup> (2009)

Modern enterprises must manage uncertain data for purposes of risk assessment and decisionmaking under uncertainty. The Monte Carlo approach embodied in the MCDB system of Jampani et al. is well suited for such a task. MCDB can support industrial strength business-intelligence queries over uncertain warehouse data. Moreover, MCDB's extensible approach to specifying uncertainty can also capture complex stochastic prediction models, allowing sophisticated ``what-if'' analyses within the DBMS. The MCDB computations can be highly CPU intensive, but offer the potential for massive parallelization. To realize this potential, we provide a new system, called MC3 (Monte Carlo Computation on a Cluster), that extends the MCDB approach to the map-reduce processing framework. MC3 can exploit the robustness and scalability of map-reduce, and can handle data stored in non-relational formats. We show how MCDB query plans over ``tuple bundles'' can be translated to sequences of map-reduce operations over nested data, and describe different parallelization schemes. We also provide and analyze several novel distributed algorithms for adding pseudorandom number seeds to tuple bundles. These algorithms ensure statistical correctness of the Monte-Carlo computations while minimizing the seed length. Our experiments show that MC3 can scale well for a variety of workloads.
<title>Incoherent Spatial Filtering</title> (1980)

During the past two decades, a number of methods have been proposed for performing bipolar spatial filtering operations with incoherent optical systems. These methods are conveniently categorized as to being based on geometrical optics or on diffraction optics. Some methods require a mechanical scanning of the input object, others are fully parallel in their operation. Still others are optically parallel, but employ an image plane scan to provide an electrical signal representation of the bipolar processed image. This paper reviews these methods and, to a limited extent, compares them.
In Vitro Biosynthesis of Diphthamide, Studied with Mutant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Resistant to Diphtheria Toxin (1984)

Diphthamide, a unique amino acid, is a post-translational derivative of histidine that exists in protein synthesis elongation factor 2 at the site of diphtheria toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2. We investigated steps in the biosynthesis of diphthamide with mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells that were altered in different steps of this complex post-translational modification. Biochemical evidence indicates that this modification requires a minimum of three steps, two of which we accomplished in vitro. We identified a methyltransferase activity that transfers methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine to an unmethylated form of diphthine (the deamidated form of diphthamide), and we tentatively identified an ATP-dependent synthetase activity involved in the biosynthesis of diphthamide from diphthine. Our results are in accord with the proposed structure of diphthamide (B. G. VanNess, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255:10710-10716, 1980).
Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes (2012)

Sepsis has been around since the dawn of time, having been described for more than 2000 years, although clinical definitions are recent. The consensus sepsis definitions have permitted worldwide epidemiological studies of sepsis to be conducted. We now recognize the common nature of sepsis and the consistency of its disease - particularly severe sepsis and septic shock. The incidence of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock continues to increase, and although Gram-positive bacterial pathogens remain the most common cause of sepsis, fungal organisms are increasing rapidly. We have made progress over the past half-century in identifying and treating patients with sepsis, and decreasing fatality rates reflect this progress. However, owing to the increasing incidence of sepsis, the number of people who die each year continues to increase. The mortality with sepsis, particularly related to treating organ dysfunction, remains a priority to clinicians worldwide and is deserving of greater public health attention.
Microseismic roof fall warning system development: field trials and commercial prototype fabrication. Volume I. Open file report (final) Aug 77-Dec 79 (1980)

A microseismic roof fall warning system was field tested in Western and Eastern coal mines in the United States to better define the capabilities and limitations of the microseismic method in predicting roof fall. Microseismic event and energy type data were obtained and documented for 23 coal roof falls. Field test results indicate that both the microseismic event and energy methods, as applied, have a high probability for successful application in a commercially practical roof fall warning system. Volume I contains details of the investigation.
Antiepileptics (2008)

Epilepsy is a condition of recurrent, paroxysmal seizures. The treatment of epilepsy is based on pharmacotherapy to suppress the seizure attacks, behavioral therapy to avoid seizure-initiating situations, and on surgical resection of the seizure focus. As yet no ideal and general treatment regime exists for epileptic patients, the therapy rather has to be adopted individually. With optimal usage of the aforementioned strategies, seizures can be fully controlled in about 70 – 80 % of patients; however, side effects often have to be accepted. Currently available anticonvulsants can be grouped into first-generation drugs, which were marketed before 1975, and new drugs, i.e., drugs which were marketed 1989 or later. Although since 1989 nine new drugs have been marketed, the progress made especially in treatment-resistant patients can be only considered incremental. Therefore, the need for new anticonvulsants which are effective in treatment-resistant patients and which are better tolerated still exists. The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Classification 1.2. Treatment of Epilepsy 1.3. Discovery Strategies for New Antiepileptic Drugs 2. Antiepileptic Drugs 2.1. Phenytoin 2.2. Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine 2.3. Valproic Acid 2.4. Ethosuximide and Trimethadione 2.5. Phenobarbital and Primidone 2.6. Benzodiazepines 2.7. New Drugs 2.8. Other Antiepileptic Drugs
Reaction of Alkynes with Iodine Monochloride Revisited (2003)

6-Exo-dig and/or 7-endo-dig iodocyclization reactions of functionalized acetylenic derivatives with ICl are disfavored in comparison with the corresponding electrophilic addition reactions providing regioselectively (E)-1-chloro-2-iodoethene derivatives. On the contrary, 6-endo-digand 5-exo-dig iodocyclizations of methyl ynoates with ICl seem to be favored in comparison with the corresponding electrophilic addition reactions.
Geometric total knee arthroplasty. A two-year follow-up study. (1976)

In a study of our experience with the first 119 geometric arthroplasties of the knee done at the Mayo Clinic, reported after a minimum follow-up period of two years, we noted that relief of pain was the primary goal in 84 per cent of the cases and this was achieved in the majority. The average total motion was relatively unchanged but it became more useful postoperatively.