gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coaxial current transformer for test and characterization of high-power semiconductor devices under hard and soft switching (2000)

The use of a coaxial current transformer (CCT) is an interesting choice for pulsed measurement of current through power devices during switching transients. The CCT is used to reflect current for convenient external measurement with minimal insertion impedance in the critical power circuit. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the CCT and explains how it can be integrated into test setups for both press-pack and module packages. Finite-element techniques are applied to the study of the CCT to obtain detailed electrical and magnetic characteristics. Current distribution in the primary and secondary circuits, flux densities, and insertion inductance and resistance are among the design information that can be obtained through finite-element analysis. Analytical and numerical results are obtained for the proposed CCT that is integrated in test setups for MOS turn-off thyristors (press-pack) and high-voltage insulated gate bipolar transistors (module) characterization.
Green Bank Enriches Farmers (1997)

Located 30.5 kilometers west to the cityof Hangzhou,Lin’an county boasts anecological environment paralleled by fewcounterparts in China.According to the latestaerial survey,71.3% of the whole area iscovered by forest,far greater than theaverage green coverage of the whole country.
Characterization of mutationally altered dihydropteroate synthase and its ability to form a sulfonamide-containing dihydrofolate analog (1979)

Among spontaneous mutants of Escherichia coli selected for resistance against sulfonamides, thermosensitive strains were found. These were shown to possess a changed dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15), which had a substantially higher Km value for its normal substrate, p-aminobenzoic acid, and an about 150-fold higher Km for sulfonamides. The mutationally changed dihydropteroate synthase was found to be thermosensitive by in vitro assays. The thermosensitivity was used as an enzyme marker to demonstrate the complex formation between 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pyrophosphorylmethyl pteridine and sulfonamides by partially purified dihydropteroate synthase. The formation of folate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pyrophosphorylmethyl pteridine and p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid by dihydropteroate synthase was found to be very sensitive to inhibition by sulfonamides and very inefficient with the mutationally changed enzyme.
Bone marrow angiogenesis in 400 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and primary amyloidosis. (2002)

BM angiogenesis progressively increases along the spectrum of plasma cell disorders, from the more benign MGUS stage to advanced myeloma, indicating that angiogenesis may be related to disease progression.
SMART-TV (2006)

K-nearest neighbors (KNN) is the simplest method for classification. Given a set of objects in a multi-dimensional feature space, the method assigns a category to an unclassified object based on the plurality of category of the k-nearest neighbors. The closeness between objects is determined using a distance measure, e.g. Euclidian distance. Despite its simplicity, KNN also has some drawbacks: 1) it suffers from expensive computational cost in training when the training set contains millions of objects; 2) its classification time is linear to the size of the training set. The larger the training set, the longer it takes to search for the k-nearest neighbors. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called SMART-TV (Small Absolute difference of Total Variation), that approximates a set of potential candidates of nearest neighbors by examining the absolute difference of total variation between each data object in the training set and the unclassified object. Then, the k-nearest neighbors are searched from that candidate set. We empirically evaluate the performance of our algorithm on both real and synthetic datasets and find that SMART-TV is fast and scalable. The classification accuracy of SMART-TV is high and comparable to the accuracy of the traditional KNN algorithm.
The quantum yield of bacteriorhodopsin (1990)

The conflicting reports on the quantum yield of the primary reaction in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin led us to reinvestigate the quantum yield under various experimental conditions. Quantitation of the molecules in the photocycle was done by measuring the number of molecules being in the M intermediate state 1 ms after laser flash excitation via determination of the absorption change at 602 nm. It was shown that this procedure provides to the lower limit of the quantum yield. A value of 0.64 ∓ 0.04 at pH 7.0 and room temperature (19°C) was obtained, independent from the wavelength of excitation in the range 500–600 nm and the ionic strength between 1 mM and 2 M salt.
[The epidemiology of escherichiosis in 2 agrarian regions]. (1990)

A study of the epidemiology of escherichiosis in two agricultural regions of the Ukraine revealed differences in the etiological structure in the limits of regions, points within a twelve-year period. It is concluded that continuous monitoring of serological pictures of pathogenic Escherichia is necessary.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of wound dressings in the prevention of surgical-site infections in surgical wounds healing by primary intention (2012)

No difference in surgical-site infection rates was demonstrated between surgical wounds covered with different dressings and those left uncovered. No difference was seen in pain, scar or acceptability between dressings.
A classification of multi-database languages (2002)

This paper defines a formal classification of multi-database languages into five levels of database integration with increasing degree of global control and decreasing degree of local autonomy. First, the fundamental interoperability mechanisms are identified for each of these levels. Their consequences on local autonomy as well as implementation drawbacks are discussed. Second, various multi-database languages are classified into these categories. In addition to COOL*, other proposals are analyzed, including SQL*Net, Multibase, Superviews, VODAK, Pegasus, and O*SQL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nicotinic Acid Receptor Agonists (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTNicotinic Acid Receptor AgonistsP. Douglas Boatman, Jeremy G. Richman, and Graeme Semple*View Author Information Arena Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (858) 453-7200. Fax: (858) 812-0520. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 24, 7653–7662Publication Date (Web):November 5, 2008Publication History Received18 July 2008Published online5 November 2008Published inissue 25 December 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm800896zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm800896zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3888Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agonists,Lipids,Reaction products,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Link Prediction in a Bipartite Network Using Wikipedia Revision Information (2012)

We consider the problem of link prediction in the bipartite network of Wikipedia. Bipartite stands for an important class in social networks, and many unipartite networks can be reinterpreted as bipartite networks when edges are modeled as vertices, such as co-authorship networks. While bipartite is the special case of general graphs, common link prediction function cannot predict the edge occurrence in bipartite graph without any specialization. In this paper, we formulate an undirected bipartite graph using the history revision information in Wikipedia. We adapt the topological features to the bipartite of Wikipedia, and apply a supervised learning approach to our link prediction formulation of the problem. We also compare the performance of link prediction model with different features.
An Unusual Sequence of Smectic Phases Formed by Members of the Homologous Series of 3-Fluoro-4-octyloxyphenyl 4-(5-Alkyl-2-thienyl)benzoates (1991)

Abstract Nine 4-(5-n-alkyl-2-thienyl)benzoic acids have been converted into esters by reaction with 3-fluoro-4-n-octyloxyphenol. The liquid crystal properties of these esters have been investigated by thermal optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. For the octyl and nonyl homologues the properties of the third smectic phase in the sequence SA-SC-S3-SE observed on cooling the isotropic liquid are unusual. The S 3 phase is orthogonal with unstructured layers corresponding with a second SA phase. The 4-(5-n-alkyl-2-thienyl)benzoic acids also form liquid crystals and, in addition to the SC phase shown by other homologues, the octyl-decyl compounds give rise to a second, unidentified smectic phase.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FAMOTIDINE FLOATING MATRIX TABLETS (2009)

The purpose of this research work was to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system of Famotidine. This study investigated utility of a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design and optimization process for floating tablet of famotidine with 5 replicates of center points. Amount of HPMC K4 (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl cellulose), amount of NaHCO3 and amount of citric acid were selected as the independent variables whereas total floating time (TFT), half life, % cumulative drug release at 10 hrs, and diffusion coefficients (n) were selected as dependent variables. The prepared tablets of famotidine were evaluated for dissolution study and found to follow zero order release kinetic. The responses were analyzed using ANOVA and the individual response parameters were evaluated using F test and polynomial equation was generated for each response using MLRA. The amount of HPMC K4 and amount of citric acid were found to significantly influence all response parameters selected whereas the amount of NaHCO3 has significant effect on TFT. Optimum amount of HPMC K4, NaHCO3, and citric acid is important in achieving good floating time and minimum floating lag time. It was clear from dissolution profiles that the tablets of batch F3, F7, and F12 exhibits initial burst phase during the first hour of dissolution. The burst phase was followed by a limited drug release for the rest of the period. The produced tablets exhibited good floating time and controlled drug release over a period of 12 h. The resultant data were critically analyzed to locate the composition of optimum formulations. All predicted values of response variables of optimized formulation demonstrated close agreement with the experimental data during optimization procedure.
Interpolating between types and tokens by estimating power-law generators (2005)

Standard statistical models of language fail to capture one of the most striking properties of natural languages: the power-law distribution in the frequencies of word tokens. We present a framework for developing statistical models that generically produce power-laws, augmenting standard generative models with an adaptor that produces the appropriate pattern of token frequencies. We show that taking a particular stochastic process -- the Pitman-Yor process -- as an adaptor justifies the appearance of type frequencies in formal analyses of natural language, and improves the performance of a model for unsupervised learning of morphology.
Employing attribute-based encryption in systems with resource constrained devices in an information-centric networking context (2017)

Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is considered to be one of the most promising ways to be enforce access control in Information-Centric Networking (ICN). As the Internet of Things (IoT) is being considered as one of the primary use cases for ICN it raises the question of the compatibility between IoT and ABE. An important part of the IoT is the resource constrained devices, for them there is a challenge to perform the computationally expensive operations required for ABE. In this paper we consider ABE in sensor networks and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of a system solution where the ABE operations are performed on the sensors. To properly discuss these concerns we have implemented two ABE schemes, a Single-authority ABE (SA-CP-ABE) scheme and a Multi-authority ABE (MA-CP-ABE) scheme. Results regarding the execution time, RAM usage, data overhead and battery consumption of these implementations on a sensor are presented. We conclude that it is possible, already today, to perform ABE on sensors for smaller policies. The main limitation in deploying ABE in sensors is the RAM size of the sensors.
Compression enhanced ejector refrigeration cycle for low-grade heat utilization (2003)

The adaptation of conventional and improved ejector (vapor compressor) refrigeration cycles for low-grade or waste heat utilization is discussed. The improved ejector cycle is achieved by compression enhancement of the inlet to the ejector. Thus, a proper combination of mechanical and thermal energies provides a wide range of design alternatives which should yield a competitive refrigeration system when a heat source is available. An overview of the systems is provided, covering its principle of operation, expected performance, design, optimization, and control. Special attention is given to modification of conventional system components. Experimentation with the system demonstrated its trouble-free operation with the expected performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The nature of donor conduction in <i>n</i>-GaN (1993)

Single crystal GaN thin films resulting from various deposition techniques are usually dominated by residual donors. To date, the true nature of this donor conduction is not known. Nitrogen vacancies, residual oxygen, and growth defects are cited as potential causes for the residual n-type conduction. In this communication we present the first systematic study of near conduction band edge states in n-type GaN samples deposited over basal plane sapphire substrates using low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Electron spin resonance, low temperature photoluminescence, and Van der Pauw–Hall measurements were used as the basis for our study. We concluded that the residual n-type conduction in GaN results from a band of delocalized donors.
Amorphous Mo–N and Mo–Si–N films in microelectromechanical systems (2005)

ABSTRACT Micromachining based on metallic structural material possesses several inherent advantages. Metallic thin films can be deposited at room temperature by various means. In microelectromechanical systems they can thus be fabricated on top of polymeric sacrificial materials. The sacrificial layer is finally removed in oxygen plasma either before or after wafer dicing with no need for wet processing. However, in metallic micromachining, it is not trivial to find materials and processes producing structural layers with well‐controlled and uniform mechanical characteristics. Amorphous alloys Mo–N and Mo–Si–N are investigated in this study for the purpose, showing properties superior to polycrystalline metals for microelectromechanical devices and systems applications.
Efficiency and power density potential of combustion-driven thermophotovoltaic systems using GaSb photovoltaic cells (2001)

The renewed interest in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion, based on recent progress in materials and photovoltaic (PV) cell technology, requires a new evaluation of the TPV efficiency and power density potential. In this paper, we address some important points in TPV system design. We proceed in three steps, analyzing 1) the thermodynamic limit, 2) an idealized, and 3) a realistic model, based on an extrapolation of the current state of technology. In a TPV system, the radiation converted to electricity is adapted to the spectral response of the PV cell. This can be achieved by different means, which are examined in detail. Broadband and selective radiators, and optical filters are considered. We focus on combustion driven systems using low bandgap GaSb PV cells. For a system containing GaSb cells and a radiator at 1500 K, we find a thermodynamic limit efficiency of 60.5% and an output power density of 3 W/cm/sup 2/. For an idealized system model, an efficiency of 34% and a power density of 2.2 W/cm/sup 2/ are determined. For a realistic system with a broadband radiator and a filter, 9% and 1.2 W/cm/sup 2/ are estimated; using a selective radiator without filter, 16% and 1 W/cm/sup 2/ are expected. Performance values of this order should be achievable with a sufficient development effort.
Reactions of Coal and Model Coal Compounds in Room Temperature Molten Salt Mixtures (1981)

A 2:1 AlCl3-pyridinium chloride molten salt solution was used as the reaction medium for the alkylation of diphenyl ethane and a bituminous coal by 2-propanol. Probably accompanying the room temperature Friedel-Crafts alkylation is a Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction. Completely deuterated 2-propanol did not react at all with the pyridinium ring indicating that the pyridinium, chloride serves to lower the temperature at which the AlCl3 is able to catalyse the reactions. The pyridinium chloride also catalyzes the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
First experience with the Impella Recover(R) LP 2.5 micro axial pump in patients with cardiogenic shock or undergoing high-risk revascularisation. (2006)

The Recover(R) LP 2.5 micro axial pump allows, via percutaneous approach, partial unloading of the left ventricle. The technique is, after design modifications, feasible and safe and results in haemodynamic improvement.
The superresolved brain (2015)

Physically enlarged neurons can be observed at high resolution with light microscopy [Also see Report by Chen et al. ]
Neutrophils, platelets, and inflammatory pathways at the nexus of sickle cell disease pathophysiology (2016)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe genetic blood disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, episodic vaso-occlusion, and progressive organ damage. Current management of the disease remains symptomatic or preventative. Specific treatment targeting major complications such as vaso-occlusion is still lacking. Recent studies have identified various cellular and molecular factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of SCD. Here, we review the role of these elements and discuss the opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
A single-chip, 1.6-billion, 16-b MAC/s multiprocessor DSP (2000)

An MIMD multiprocessor digital signal-processing (DSP) chip containing four 64-b processing elements (PE's) interconnected by a 128-b pipelined split transaction bus (STBus) is presented. Each PE contains a 32-b RISC core with DSP enhancements and a 64-b single-instruction, multiple-data vector coprocessor with four 16-b MAC/s and a vector reduction unit. PEs are connected to the STBus through reconfigurable dual-ported snooping L1 cache memories that support shared memory multiprocessing using a modified-MESI data coherency protocol. High-bandwidth data transfers between system memory and on-chip caches are managed in a pipelined memory controller that supports multiple outstanding transactions. An embedded RTOS dynamically schedules multiple tasks onto the PEs. Process synchronization is achieved using cached semaphores. The 200-mm/sup 2/, 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS chip operates at 100 MHz and dissipates 4 W from a 3.3-V supply.
Deciphering Diversity Indices for a Better Understanding of Microbial Communities (2017)

The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using cultureindependent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon- Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon- Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.
Toward Phonetic Intelligibility Testing in Dysarthria (1989)

The measurement of intelligibility in dysarthric individuals is a major concern in clinical assessment and management and in research on dysarthria. The measurement objective is complicated by the fact that intelligibility is not an absolute quantity but rather a relative quantity that depends on variables such as test material, personnel, training, test procedures, and state of the speaker. This paper reviews scaling procedures and item identification tests as they have been applied to dysarthric speech. Based in part on previous studies of speech of the hearing impaired, a profile has been designed to direct research on the acoustic or physiologic correlates of dysarthric intelligibility impairment. In addition, a word intelligibility test is proposed for use with dysarthric speakers. This test is designed to examine 19 acoustic-phonetic contrasts that are likely to (a) be sensitive to dysarthric impairment and (b) contribute significantly to speech intelligibility. Preliminary data from a sample of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are presented to illustrate the use of this test in the phonetic interpretation of intelligibility impairment.