gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping of odor-related neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb by high-resolution 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. (1982)

The spatial distribution of odor-induced neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb, the first relay station of the olfactory pathway, is believed to reflect important aspects of chemosensory coding. We report here the application of high-resolution 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography to the mapping of spatial patterns of metabolic activity at the level of single neurons in the olfactory bulb. It was found that glomeruli, which are synaptic complexes containing the first synaptic relay, tend to be uniformly active or inactive during odor exposure. Differential 2-deoxyglucose uptake was also observed in the somata of projection neurons (mitral cells) and interneurons (periglomerular and granule cells). This confirms and extends our previous studies in which odor-specific laminar and focal uptake patterns were revealed by the conventional x-ray film 2-deoxyglucose method due to Sokoloff and colleagues [Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., DesRosiers, M. H., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. D., Sakurada, O. & Shinohara, M. (1977) J. Neurochem. 28, 897--916]. Based on results obtained by the two methods, it is suggested that the glomerulus as a whole serves as a functional unit of activity. The high-resolution results are interpreted in terms of the well-characterized synaptic organization of the olfactory bulb and also serve to illustrate the capability of the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique to map metabolic activity in single neurons of the vertebrate central nervous system.
From Web usage statistics to Web usage analysis (2003)

The World Wide Web has become a major source of information that can be turned into valuable knowledge for individuals and organisations. In the work presented, we are concerned with the extraction of meta-knowledge from the Web. In particular, knowledge about Web usage which is invaluable to the construction of Web sites that meet their purpose and prevent disorientation. Towards this goal, we propose the organisation of the users of a Web site into groups with common navigational behaviour (user communities). We view the task of building user communities as a data mining task, searching for interesting patterns within a database. The database that we use in our experiments consists of access logs collected from the Web site of the Advanced Course on Artificial Intelligence 1999. The unsupervised machine learning algorithm COBWEB is used to organise the users of the site, who follow similar paths, into a small set of communities. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the communities that are generated through this process. For this purpose, we use a simple metric to identify the representative navigational behaviour for each community. This information can then be used by the administrators of the site to re-organise it in a way that is tailored to the needs of each community. The proposed Web usage analysis is much more insightful than the common approach of examining simple usage statistics of the Web site.
Transform Skip Mode Fast Decision Method for HEVC Encoding (2014)

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) 부호화 기술은 기존 기술을 더욱 정교하게 하고 많은 새로운 부호화 기법을 채택한 결과, 기존 비디오 부호화 표준인 H.264/AVC 대비 약 2배정도 압축률 향상을 이루었다. HEVC에 채택된 새로운 부호화 기술 중 하나인 변환을 생략하고 양자화만을 수행하는 변환생략 부호화 방법은, 특히 컴퓨터로 생성된 인공영상 또는 이와 유사한 성질을 갖는 영상영역의 부호화 시 큰 압축률 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 하지만 입력 영상의 전체 또는 국부적인 성질을 미리 알 수 없기 때문에, 변환생략 필요 여부를 매번 판별하여야 한다. 즉, 변환수행 혹은 변환생략 각 경우의 율-왜곡 비용을 산출하여 부호화모드를 결정하려면 연산복잡도가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 잔차신호의 주파수적 특성을 고려하여, 변환생략의 율-왜곡 산출 여부에 대한 고속 판별 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법을 적용할 경우, <TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX> 변환 블록 부호화 시간의 약 27.1%를 절감할 수 있으며, 이때 저하되는 율-왜곡 성능은 평균적으로 약 0.03% (BDBR)에 불과하다. HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) fine-tuned many existing coding tools and adopted also many new coding techniques. As a result, HEVC has accomplished about 2 times of compression efficiency enhancement compared to the existing video coding standard of H.264/AVC. One of the newly adopted tools in HEVC is the transform skip scheme which performs quantization without transform. This technique improves coding efficiency especially with computer-generated images. However, the unavailability of global or local properties of general video signals demands encoder to decide whether performing transform or not for each TU (Transform Unit). The necessity of computing rate-distortion costs for this decision is one reason to increase encoder complexity. In this paper, a fast transform skip mode decision method is proposed, which is based on the fast decision of rate-distortion cost calculation for transform skip mode, by considering frequency characteristics of residual signal. The proposed method can reduce <TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX> TU encoding time by about 27.1% with only about 0.03% consequential decrement in BDBR.
First demonstration of CdSe as a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water under UV and visible light (2008)

CdSe nanoribbons show catalytic activity for photochemical hydrogen evolution from aqueous Na2S/Na2SO3 solution under irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light.
Selective metal-catalyzed autoxidation of 2-arylpropionaldehydes. An improved synthesis of ibuprofen (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective metal-catalyzed autoxidation of 2-arylpropionaldehydes. An improved synthesis of ibuprofenD. P. Riley, D. P. Getman, G. R. Beck, and R. M. HeintzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2, 287–290Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00378a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00378a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High‐linoleic oils from five species of japanese plants (1981)

Abstract Oils extracted from the achenes of Boehmeria longispica Steud., B. spicata Thunb., and B. nivea Gaud. var. concolor Makino (Urti‐caceae) and those from the seeds of Tricyrtis affinis Makino and Hosta longipes Matsum. (Liliaceae) were surveyed for their charac‐teristics and fatty acid composition. All the oils contained linoleic acid in high levels (80.2–83.5%) as determined by gas liquid chro‐matography of the derived methyl esters.
Hydrogen Storage Properties in (LiNH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>−LiBH<sub>4</sub>−(MgH<sub>2</sub>)<i><sub>X</sub></i> Mixtures (<i>X</i> = 0.0−1.0) (2008)

We have recently reported the synthesis and properties of a novel hydrogen storage composition comprised of a 2:1:1 molar ratio of three hydride compounds: lithium amide (LiNH2), lithium borohydride (LiBH4), and magnesium hydride (MgH2). This new ternary mixture possesses improved hydrogen (de)sorption attributes (relative to the individual compounds and their binary mixtures), including facile low-temperature kinetics, ammonia attenuation, and partial reversibility. Comprehensive characterization studies of its reaction pathway revealed that these favorable hydrogen storage properties are accomplished through a complex multistep hydrogen release process. Here, we expound on our previous findings and determine the impact of MgH2 content on the resulting hydrogen storage properties by examining a series of (LiNH2)2−LiBH4−(MgH2)X reactant mixtures (i.e., 2:1:X molar ratio) where X = 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0. Specifically, we characterize each starting composition (after ball-milling) using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) and find that addition of MgH2 facilitates a spontaneous milling-induced reaction, introducing new species (Mg(NH2)2 and LiH) into the hydride composition. We additionally measure the relative hydrogen and ammonia release amounts for each mixture using temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD−MS) and find that ammonia liberation is suppressed for increasing values of X (<0.1 wt % NH3 for X = 1). Kinetic hydrogen desorption data reveal a low-temperature reaction step (centered at ∼160 °C) for all MgH2-containing samples which grows in intensity for larger values of X (up to ∼4.0 wt % H2 for X = 1). Finally, we characterize desorbed samples to investigate the dependence of X (MgH2 amount) on the resulting distribution of observed product phases. These data are used to understand how MgH2 contributes to and impacts the low- and high-temperature hydrogen release events through comparing theoretical (based on the previously proposed reaction set) and observed desorption data for these reactions.
Cloning and characterization of the tetracycline resistance determinant of and several promoters from within the conjugative transposon Tn919 (1988)

Tn919 is a 15- to 16-kilobase (kb) tetracycline resistance conjugative transposon that was originally isolated from Streptococcus sanguis FC1. The tetracycline resistance determinant (tet) was found on a 4.2-kb HindII fragment by in vitro deletion analysis. This fragment was subcloned to a pWV01 origin capable of directing replication in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus lactis, and expression was observed in all three genera. In all cases, expression was weaker when only the 4.2-kb cloned fragment rather than the full transposon was present. The resistance gene is of the streptococcal tetM class and codes for a protein of approximately 70 kilodaltons. The restriction map resembles that of the tetM gene of Tn1545 (P. Martin, P. Trieu-Cuot, and P. Courvalin, Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7047-7058, 1986), which codes for a protein of 72.5 kilodaltons. A number of transposon-derived promoter-bearing fragments were also cloned and sequenced. These closely resemble the consensus sequence of E. coli and B. subtilis promoters. Fusion experiments with a truncated lacZ gene indicate the possibility of an open reading frame for one of the promoters.
Recent developments in high-level synthesis (1997)

We survey recent developments in high level synthesis technology for VLSI design. The need for higher-level design automation tools are discussed first. We then describe some basic techniques for various subtasks of high-level synthesis. Techniques that have been proposed in the past few years (since 1994) for various subtasks of high-level synthesis are surveyed. We also survey some new synthesis objectives including testability, power efficiency, and reliability.
Age-related differences in recovery of blood flow and metabolism after cerebral ischemia in swine. (1991)

We tested two hypotheses: 1) that cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and evoked potentials recover to preischemic values at 120 minutes of reperfusion more completely in 1-2-week-old piglets than in 6-10-month-old pigs after complete ischemia; and 2) that recovery of cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and electrical function in piglets and pigs at 120 minutes of reperfusion is better after incomplete than after complete ischemia. During 30 minutes of ischemia produced by intracranial pressure elevation, cerebral blood flow determined by the microspheres technique was decreased to 0-1 ml/min/100 g with complete ischemia, to 1-10 ml/min/100 g with severe incomplete ischemia, or to 10-20 ml/min/100 g with moderate incomplete ischemia. During reperfusion after complete ischemia, both piglets and pigs demonstrated hyperemia but delayed hypoperfusion occurred in more brain regions in pigs, oxygen consumption returned to preischemic values in piglets but not in pigs (70 +/- 10% of preischemic values), and evoked potentials recovered better in piglets than in pigs (24 +/- 4% and 9 +/- 4% of preischemic values, respectively). Both piglets and pigs had fewer brain areas with hyperemia and hypoperfusion and improved oxygen consumption and electrical function during recovery from incomplete than from complete ischemia. We speculate that piglets tolerate complete ischemia better than pigs because of decreased reperfusion injury and that both groups recover better from incomplete than complete ischemia because of improved substrate supply during ischemia.
CONTROL DE EMISIONES Y OLORES EN LA INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIA (1998)

La industria dedicada al sector alimentario puede clasificarle basicamente en los siguientes subsectores: - Fabricacion de pan y sucedaneos. - Tostado y torrefaccion de cafe. - Manipulacion de grano. - Fermentacion. - Elaboracion y tratamiento del pescado y de la carne. - Tratamiento de la carne. - Elaboracion de la alimentacion ahumada. En el transcurso de los ultimos anos, la fabricacion de pan ha sufrido una transformacion en su proceso que ha producido la emision de etanol generado en el horno de coccion en las operaciones de fermentacion de la levadura del pan. La cantidad de etanol formado depende del tipo de pasta empleada. Asi, en aquellos procesos donde se utilizan grandes cantidades de levadura que tienen un tiempo de fermentacion grande, se produciran altas concentraciones de etanol. En los hornos de pan que utilizan gas natural, los vapores de etanol se mezclan con los productos de la combustion y son emitidos por la misma fuente de evacuacion de gases.
Fasting blood glucose: an underestimated risk factor for cardiovascular death. Results from a 22-year follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men. (1999)

Fasting blood glucose values in the upper normal range appears to be an important independent predictor of cardiovascular death in nondiabetic apparently healthy middle-aged men.
Frequent <i>FGFR3</i> mutations in urothelial papilloma (2002)

Activating point mutations in the FGFR3 gene occur frequently in low-grade and low-stage bladder carcinomas, whereas they are rare in high-grade carcinomas. This study investigates the incidence of FGFR3 mutations in 12 urothelial papillomas and 79 pTaG1 tumours which were regraded according to the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification system, resulting in 62 papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNs-LMP) and 17 low-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (LG-PUCs). FGFR3 mutation analysis of 21 ovarian Brenner tumours was also performed. Seventy-seven cases were detected with a mutation in the FGFR3 gene. The mutations were exclusively found in bladder neoplasms. In urothelial papilloma, generally considered a benign lesion, 9/12 (75%) mutations were found. This report is the first to describe a genetic defect in urothelial papilloma. A comparable percentage of mutations was found in PUNs-LMP (85%) and LG-PUCs (88%). No mutations were found in matched normal DNA from bladder tumour patients. The mean follow-up was 5.78 years (range 0.21-17.60 years). Five patients developed high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma from 2.5 to 12 years after first diagnosis. Two patients died of bladder cancer. The mean number of recurrences (recurrence rate) per year was 0.03, 0.21, and 0.46, respectively, for papilloma, PUN-LMP, and LG-PUC. Urothelial papilloma is a rare lesion with a benign natural behaviour compared with PUN-LMP and LG-PUC of the bladder, but from a molecular perspective, papillomas should be classified together with all well-differentiated urothelial neoplasms.
Content-Based Compressive Sensing (2018)

Compressive sensing (CS)provides an alternative to Shannon/Nyquist sampling theorem by performing signal acquisition and compression simultaneously when the signals are sparse or compressible in certain basis. However, the classical random CS strategy heavily relies on the sparsity of signals under acquisition and fails to reconstruct the signals when they are not sparse. In this paper, we propose an approach to sensing signals based on their content information to reduce the sensing rate and get rid of the sparsity requirement. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for both sparse and non-sparse images.
Structural Correlates of PPAR Agonist Rescue of Experimental Chronic Alcohol-Induced Steatohepatitis (2012)

Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are insulin sensitizers that have anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant effects. We previously showed that PPAR agonists can restore hepatic insulin responsiveness in chronic ethanol-fed rats with steatohepatitis. Herein, we furthered our investigations by characterizing the histological and ultrastructural changes mediated by PPAR agonist rescue of alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. Adult male Long Evans rats were pair fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks. After 3 weeks on the diets, rats were treated with vehicle, or a PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, or PPAR-γ agonist twice weekly by i.p. injection. Ethanol-fed rats developed steatohepatitis with disordered hepatic chord architecture, mega-mitochondria, disruption of the RER, increased apoptosis, and increased 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NTyr) immunoreactivity. PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ agonists reduced the severity of steatohepatitis, and restored the hepatic chord-like architectural, mitochondrial morphology, and RER organization, and the PPAR-δ agonist significantly reduced hepatic HNE. On the other hand, prominent RER tubule dilation, which could reflect ER stress, persisted in ethanol-exposed, PPAR-γ treated but not PPAR-δ treated livers. The PPAR-α agonist exacerbated both steatohepatitis and formation of mega-mitochondria, and it failed to restore RER architecture or lower biochemical indices of oxidative stress. In conclusion, improved hepatic insulin responsiveness and decreased inflammation resulting from PPAR-δ or PPAR-γ agonist treatments of alcohol-induced steatohepatitis are likely mediated by enhanced signaling through metabolic pathways with attendant reductions in ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Vorticity and Incompressible Flow (2001)

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical theory of vorticity and incompressible flow ranging from elementary introductory material to current research topics. While the contents center on mathematical theory, many parts of the book showcase the interaction between rigorous mathematical theory, numerical, asymptotic, and qualitative simplified modeling, and physical phenomena. The first half forms an introductory graduate course on vorticity and incompressible flow. The second half comprises a modern applied mathematics graduate course on the weak solution theory for incompressible flow.
Characterization of an artificial bifunctional enzyme, beta-galactosidase/galactokinase, prepared by gene fusion (1987)

An artificial bifunctional enzyme, beta-galactosidase/galactokinase, has been prepared by gene fusion. The hybrid protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose followed by phosphorylation of galactose. The protein has been purified using DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-400 Superfine. The configuration of the hybrid protein is mainly tetrameric but also higher aggregates can be detected. The monomer Mr is 160,000 as judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the native Mr has been calculated to be 600,000-650,000 from gel filtration experiments. beta-Galactosidase/galactokinase has different thermostability curves, pH/activity profiles and Km values as compared with the native enzymes. By using a third enzyme, galactose dehydrogenase, which competes with galactokinase for the galactose formed by beta-galactosidase, substrate channeling can be detected. This proximity effect becomes even more pronounced in an assay mixture containing poly(ethylene glycol).
Propagating Surface Plasmon Resonance on Microhole Arrays (2010)

Metallic thin films patterned with micrometer size triangle or hole arrays present plasmonic properties when excited in the Kretschmann configuration, that are improved in comparison to conventional thin film surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These optical properties can be tuned by varying the physical aspects of the microplasmonic structures. Triangles and microhole arrays were prepared with modified nanosphere lithography (NSL) using latex spheres of 0.65, 0.82, 1.0, 1.5, or 3.2 microm in diameter. This allowed the preparation of triangles with edge lengths between 275 to 2000 nm and microhole arrays of various periodicities, diameters, and hole depths. These microstructures were studied to understand the relationship between the physical aspects and the optical properties, such as the sensitivity, working refractive index range, spectral width of the plasmonic peaks, spectral noise, and refractive index resolution. Microhole arrays with a hole diameter equal to half the periodicity were found to combine the advantages of both localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on nanoparticles and SPR on a thin film. These microhole arrays exhibited high sensitivity to refractive index (>3000 nm/RIU), sensitivity to monolayer formation (2-fold improvement compared to thin films), and excellent refractive index resolution (10(-6) RIU). Finally, a biosensor for the detection of 10 nM of immunoglobulin G (IgG) exhibited a greater response with microplasmonic materials compared to conventional thin Au films. Hence, these novel plasmonic materials exhibit a strong potential as an SPR sensing platform. They can be implemented on existing instrumentation and use detection protocols developed for current SPR sensors.
Montmorillonite reduces crystallinity of poly‐l‐lactic acid scaffolds to accelerate degradation (2019)

Poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) is considered as a potential bone scaffold material because of good biocompatibility and bioabsorbability, whereas too slow degradation rate limits its application. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) was introduced into PLLA scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering to accelerate degradation by reducing crystallinity. To be specific, MMT was a layered silicate with large surface area and aspect ratio, which provided nucleation site for the crystallization of PLLA molecular chain along their surface during the sintering process. As the surface of MMT plate was randomly oriented in the matrix, the growth direction of crystallite was also random, which interrupted the orderly crystallization, thus decreasing the overall crystallinity of PLLA. As a result, the crystallinity of PLLA scaffolds was decreased from 32.3% to 27.4% when introducing 4.5% MMT. Accordingly, weight loss was increased from 0.83% to 7.25% after immersing for 4 weeks. Besides, the tensile strength and modulus of the scaffolds increased by 44.1% and 66.9% because of the change of fracture mode from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. In addition, the scaffolds also demonstrated good hydrophilic property and cell compatibility.