gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Historical observations during a recent chemical trip to Europe (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHistorical observations during a recent chemical trip to EuropeC. A. Browne Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1940, 17, 2, 53Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1940Published inissue 1 February 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/ed017p53RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (9 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Spectrum Sensing for DMB-T Systems Using PN Frame Headers (2008)

Spectrum sensing for the China digital television terrestrial broadcasting system is considered in this paper. The spectrum sensing algorithms utilize PN sequences embedded in the frame headers to perform spectrum sensing. A theoretical lower bound on the misdetection probability for each spectrum sensor presented in this paper is derived. The performances of the proposed spectrum sensing algorithms are demonstrated by computer simulation for the multipath Rayleigh fading and steady state multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results show that the misdetection probability evaluated by computer simulations is close to the lower bound on the misdetection probability for a steady state multipath Rayleigh channel. When the probability of false alarm is 0.01 and a 50 ms of sensing time is used, a misdetection probability equal to 0.1 is achieved when the signal to noise power ratio is -16 dB, -18.8 dB, and -18 dB for modes 1, 2, and 3 in the multipath Rayleigh fading channel, respectively.
A Requests Bundling DRAM Controller for Mixed-Criticality Systems (2017)

We design a novel DRAM controller that bundles and executes memory requests of hard real-time applications in consecutive rounds based on their type to reduce read/write switching delay. At the same time, our controller provides a configurable, guaranteed bandwidth for soft real-time requests. We show that there is a fundamental trade-off between the latency guarantee for hard real-time requests and the bandwidth provided to soft requests. Finally, we compare our approach analytically and experimentally with the current state-of-the-art real-time memory controller for single-rank DRAM devices, which applies type reordering at the level of DRAM commands rather than requests. Our evaluation shows that for tasks exhibiting average row hit ratios, or for which computing a row hit guarantee might be difficult, our controller provides both smaller guaranteed latency and larger bandwidth.
GENECOUNTING: haplotype analysis with missing genotypes (2002)

A general algorithm is described for haplotype analysis of unrelated individuals with missing genotypes. It can handle problems involving multiple polymorphic markers with missing data.
Cationic amphiphilic calixarenes to compact DNA into small nanoparticles for gene delivery (2014)

Cationic amphiphilic calixarenes with longer alkyl chains are less cytotoxic and their virus-sized DNA nanoparticles exhibit higher transfection efficiency.
A temporal database with data dependencies: A key to computer integrated manufacturing (1996)

A temporal database scheme with data dependencies is proposed which supports complex tasks, such as version control and configuration management in computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). This architecture adds functionality to the CIM database, thereby reducing the programming effort required outside the database. The database correctness is maintained even after introducing engineering changes. A case study shows that the proposed scheme also supports automated decision making for shopfloor control.
A review on mitochondrial restorative mechanism of antioxidants in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological conditions (2015)

Neurodegenerative diseases are intricate in nature because of the involvement of the multiple pathophysiological events including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease explained by extracellular amyloid β deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction displays significant role in the pathophysiological processes of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction involves alterations in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex activities, oxidative stress, opening of permeability transition pore, and enhanced apoptosis. Various bioenergetics and antioxidants have been tried or under different investigational phase against AD and other neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) because of their complex and multiple site of action. These mitochondrial-targeting bioenergetics and antioxidant compounds such as coenzyme Q10, idebenone, creatine, mitoQ, mitovitE, MitoTEMPOL, latrepirdine, methylene blue, triterpenoids, SS peptides, curcumin, Ginkgo biloba, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with potential efficacy in AD have been identified. Present review is intent to discuss mitochondrial restorative mechanisms of these bioenergetics and antioxidants as a potential alternative drug strategy for effective management of AD.
Multiphase optofluidics on an electro-microfluidic platform powered by electrowetting and dielectrophoresis (2014)

For diverse material phases used on an electro-microfluidic (EMF) platform, exploiting the electro-optical properties of matter in varied phases is essential to reap the benefits of the optofluidic capabilities of that platform. Materials in the four fundamental phases--solid-phase dielectric layer, liquid-phase droplet, gas-phase bubble, and plasma-phase bubble microplasma--have been investigated to offer electrically tunable optical characteristics for the manipulation of fluids on an EMF platform. Here we present an overview of the basic driving mechanisms for electrowetting and dielectrophoresis on the EMF platform. Three optofluidic examples occurring in multiple phases are described: solid optofluidics--liquid and light regulation by electrowetting on a solid polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) dielectric layer; liquid optofluidics--transmittance and reflectance modulation with formation of particle chains in a liquid droplet; and gas and plasma optofluidics--ignition and manipulation of a bubble microplasma by liquid dielectrophoresis. By combining the various materials possessing diverse electro-optical characteristics in separate phases, the EMF platform becomes an ideal platform for integrated optofluidics.
Solubilization and localization of triolein in phosphatidylcholine bilayers: a 13C NMR study. (1981)

Cosonicated mixtures of egg phosphatidylcholine and small amounts (less than 5% wt/wt) of triolein have been studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The 50.3-MHz 13C NMR spectrum of vesicles preparations containing 90% isotopically substituted [1-13C]triolein showed two carbonyl resonances at chemical shift values that indicate hydrogen bonding of H2O molecules with the carbonyl groups. The extent of hydration, estimated from the chemical shift values that indicate hydrogen bonding of H2O molecules with the chemical shift values (173.07 ppm and 172.39 is approximately 50%. The data suggest that the triolein is located in the bilayer with the three carbonyl groups at the aqueous interface. The acyl chains are extended toward the bilayer interior, with a conformation of the glyceryl region such that the primary (alpha) carbonyls are closer to the aqueous medium than is the secondary (beta) carbonyl. Thus, triolein is present in the bilayer in an orientation appropriate for enzymatic hydrolysis, with the second substrate (H2O) in close proximity to the hydrolytic site, and with a conformation that could explain, in part, enzymatic specificity for hydrolysis at the alpha position. Spectra of vesicles containing greater than or equal to 3% triolein showed two additional carbonyl peaks characteristic of pure (neat) triolein. This allowed a determination of the maximum solubility (approximately 2.8%) of surface-oriented triolein in the bilayer phase. Beyond this limit all excess triolein partitions into a separate oil phase.
First class approach (1993)

Describes how a large service organisation, Post Office Counters Ltd, has applied total quality principles to the development of customer care initiative. Reviews the organisation′s approach to customer care and details its customer charter, a complete package which comprised training for staff and a series of service commitments. Discusses how the customer charter fits in with the government′s recently imposed Citizen′s Charter. Outlines two keys for achieving total quality.
Ordered Macroporous Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinels as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries (2009)

Abstract not Available.
<i>Phleum pratense</i> alone is sufficient for allergen‐specific immunotherapy against allergy to Pooideae grass pollens (2009)

Extensive T and B cell cross-reactivity was observed towards the allergens of the Pooideae grasses, and the degree of B cell cross-reactivity was independent of the number of species included in the extract mixes. This implies that treatment with pollen extract of just one Pooideae species will affect the allergic responses caused by any of the temperate grasses in this subfamily.
Emission test report. Field test of carbon injection for mercury control, Camden County municipal waste combustor (1993)

EPA conducted a parametric testing project to evaluate the use of powdered activated carbon for removing volatile pollutants from municipal waste combustor (MWC) flue gas. The testing was conducted at the spray dryer absorber/electrostatic precipitator (SD/ESP)-equipped MWC in Camden County, New Jersey. The primary test objectives were to evaluate the effect of carbon type, carbon feed rate, carbon feed method, and ESP operating temperature on emissions of mercury (Hg) and chlorinated dioxins and furans (CDD/CDF), and to assess the impact of carbon injection on the particulate matter control performance of the ESP. Secondary objectives were to examine the impact of carbon injection on emissions of other metals and volatile organic compounds (VOC). The test results indicate that carbon injection upstream of an SD/ESP could achieve high levels (greater than 90%) of Hg and CDD/CDF reduction. Key system operating parameters are carbon feed rate, carbon feed method, and ESP temperature. No detrimental impacts on ESP performance were identified. The study also found that carbon injection does not have a significant impact on emissions of the other metals examined or of VOC.
Acceleration sensitivity compensation in high performance crystal oscillators (1978)

Two approaches to achieving reduced acceleration sensitivity of crystal oscillators are discussed. The first involves electronic compensation within the frequency control loop. The second utilizes two resonators of comparable acceleration sensitivity to compensate each other. Problems encountered in matching and tuning the resonators are discussed, as well as orientation symmetry of the frequency deviation patterns. Results on frequency stability which reflect an improved static sensitivity are presented.
Detecting DGA malware traffic through behavioral models (2016)

Some botnets use special algorithms to generate the domain names they need to connect to their command and control servers. They are refereed as Domain Generation Algorithms. Domain Generation Algorithms generate domain names and tries to resolve their IP addresses. If the domain has an IP address, it is used to connect to that command and control server. Otherwise, the DGA generates a new domain and keeps trying to connect. In both cases it is possible to capture and analyze the special behavior shown by those DNS packets in the network. The behavior of Domain Generation Algorithms is difficult to automatically detect because each domain is usually randomly generated and therefore unpredictable. Hence, it is challenging to separate the DNS traffic generated by malware from the DNS traffic generated by normal computers. In this work we analyze the use of behavioral detection approaches based on Markov Models to differentiate Domain Generation Algorithms traffic from normal DNS traffic. The evaluation methodology of our detection models has focused on a real-time approach based on the use of time windows for reporting the alerts. All the detection models have shown a clear differentiation between normal and malicious DNS traffic and most have also shown a good detection rate. We believe this work is a further step in using behavioral models for network detection and we hope to facilitate the development of more general and better behavioral detection methods of malware traffic.
Deconvolution approach to terrain scattered interference mitigation (2003)

Terrain scattered interference or hot clutter is a problem in radar ECCM, especially for airborne radar with low sidelobe antennas and conventional adaptive sidelobe cancellation. A deconvolution approach is proposed to mitigate terrain scattered interference. This approach is based on obtaining an estimate of the complex multipath impulse response from a short time interval in the received signals. The impulse response estimate is then convolved with a direct path reference signal to generate an estimate of the received terrain scattered interference signal. This interference signal estimate is then subtracted from the received main beam signal to generate a main beam signal with mitigated terrain scattered interference.
CNN Based Hashing for Image Retrieval (2015)

Along with data on the web increasing dramatically, hashing is becoming more and more popular as a method of approximate nearest neighbor search. Previous supervised hashing methods utilized similarity/dissimilarity matrix to get semantic information. But the matrix is not easy to construct for a new dataset. Rather than to reconstruct the matrix, we proposed a straightforward CNN-based hashing method, i.e. binarilizing the activations of a fully connected layer with threshold 0 and taking the binary result as hash codes. This method achieved the best performance on CIFAR-10 and was comparable with the state-of-the-art on MNIST. And our experiments on CIFAR-10 suggested that the signs of activations may carry more information than the relative values of activations between samples, and that the co-adaption between feature extractor and hash functions is important for hashing.
Breakdown voltages of germanium plane-cylindrical junctions (1965)

The breakdown voltages of planar n-p diodes in germanium have been found to be consistently lower than those on mesa diodes having the same impurity gradient and junction depth. The measurements were made on circular diodes having a radius of ten mils and junction depths ranging from three-quarter micron to one micron. The lowering of the breakdown voltage in the planar diodes is accounted for by the geometry of the n-p junction. The diffused layer takes the form of an oblate spheroid and the breakdown voltage is determined by the curvature of the junction at the edge of the diode. Since the diameter of the diodes is much greater than the junction depth the oblate spheroid has been approximated by a flat junction with cylindrical edges, and the theoretical values for the breakdown voltage of the cylindrical region have been computed using Miller's ionization data and the solution to Poisson's equation in cylindrical coordinates. The results of the computation show that for shallow junctions ≤ 10 µ the breakdown voltage of the cylindrical region is considerably smaller than Miller's value for body breakdown, and for a junction depth of 0.1 microns the breakdown voltage can be reduced by an order of magnitude. The measured values of breakdown voltage on planar diodes are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
HMG box-activating factors 1 and 2, two HMG box transcription factors that bind the human Ig heavy chain enhancer (1996)

We present the isolation of two cDNAs that encode distinct, yet related, proteins that bind the HE2 region of the human Ig heavy chain (IgH) enhancer. Designated HMG box-activating factors (HAF) 1 and 2, the two proteins are new members of the HMG box family of DNA binding proteins. Both are potent transcription activators when expressed 1) as GAL4 fusions targeted to promoters containing GAL4 operators, or 2) as intact proteins targeted to minimal promoters containing binding sites derived from the IgH enhancer. HAF-1 and HAF-2 mRNAs are apparently expressed in both B cells and non-B cells. However, activity generated by the isolated HE2 region in B cells is dependent on both an intact HAF-1/HAF-2 binding site and at least one additional site that has been reported previously to bind a B cell-restricted protein. Our results suggest a collaborative role for either or both HAF-1 and HAF-2 in establishing the B cell activity of the human IgH enhancer.
Presence and Toxicity of 2,4-D Herbicide in Coral Galaxea fascicularis of Java Coast, Indonesia (2007)

The increasing use of herbicides in agriculture sectors have received great attention with respect to their potential toxic effect on reef-building corals of Indonesia. One chlorinated compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetat (2,4-D), has been widely used as a herbicide and has become a substantial environmental pollutant. Contamination of 2,4-D was assessed in stressed or dead coral tissues of Gal area fascicul arts from the coastal waters of Java Sea. Controlled tolerance experiment testing 2,4-D was performed on this coral. The effects of 2,4-D on coral mortality were investigated. Comparison of the residue levels in coral tissues showed that the highest presence of 2,4-D concentrations was detected in a sample collected from Jepara coastal waters. While small amounts of a contaminant 2,4-D can still lead to detectable in West Java and East Java coastal waters. Contamination of 2,4- D was not found in coral samples collected from Karimunjawa islands. The toxicity of 2,4-D on corals showed that short duration (48 h) laboratory test demonstrated dramatic effects on sloughing and death of coral. The LC50.96 was determined to be 18.82 mg L’ 2,4-D. These results demonstrated the possibility that 2,4-D herbicide could act and lead to coral mortality in the Java coastal waters
Comparison of thrombin and ristocetin in the interaction between von Willebrand factor and platelets (1983)

It is known that the antibiotic ristocetin exposes the platelet membrane receptor for factor VIII/von Willebrand glycoprotein (FVIII/vWF). Recent reports suggest that low concentrations of thrombin also cause platelet membrane receptors to become available for FVIII/vWF. As a consequence, the suspicion has been raised that thrombin provides similar or equivalent activity in vivo to that observed for ristocetin under in vitro conditions. In this study, we quantitated the extent to which thrombin promotes the binding of FVII/vWF to platelets and determined whether or not this interaction initiates or complements platelet aggregation. With ristocetin present, the amount of 125I-FVIII/vWF that became platelet-bound correlated closely with the onset, rate, and extent of platelet aggregation. In contrast, at every thrombin concentration tested, the amount of 125I- FVIII/vWF that specifically bound to platelets was about 6% of that observed with ristocetin. Significantly, FVIII/vWF did not augment the rate of aggregation of platelets in response to thrombin or initiate platelet aggregation when subaggregating doses of thrombin were used. These observations indicate that the minimal association that occurs between FVIII/vWF and the platelet membrane in the presence of thrombin does not correlate with platelet aggregation and therefore is not analogous to the effects of ristocetin. Whether the low level of binding relates to another process, such as platelet-endothelial interactions, remains unknown.
Direct Effect of Corticosterone upon Insulin Secretion Studied by Three Different Techniques (1979)

The immediate effect of corticosterone upon insulin secretion rates estimated by three different techniques (perfusior of isolated rat pancreas and perifusion or incubation of isolated islets of Langerhans) was studied for one hour. Three corticosterone concentrations were used: 0.02, 0.2 or 20 mg/l. With 4.2 mmol/l glucose, corticosterone did not affect insulin secretion, whereas, with a stimulating glucose concentration (16.7 mmol/l), insulin secretion was inhibited by the three corticosterone concentrations tested during incubation experiments, and by only the two physiological ones (0.02 and 0.2 mg/l) during islets perifusion and pancreas perfusion experiments. Moreover the inhibitory effect appeared more rapid with perifused islets than perfused pancreas, where only the second insulin secretory phase was disturbed.
In situ hybridization detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus persistent infection and viral RNA distribution in laboratory rats (1994)

Digoxigenin-labelled Hantaan specific cDNA probes were used in this study for in situ hybridization detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) virus persistent infection and viral RNA distribution in naturally infected laboratory rats. Of 98 rats, 88 displayed positive hybridization signals in one or more of their tissues. Viral RNA was mainly localized in the cytoplasm with granular staining and distributed in hepatocytes, to some extent in myocardial cells, reticuloendothelial cells of lymphatic tissues, respiratory epithelial cells of lung, renal tubular cells, neurons and blood serum. Viral RNA was shown to have higher positive rate in livers than in other tissues and the rate was also higher than that of viral antigens and serum antibody in the same group of rats in our early report. This results indicated that HFRS virus persistent infection rate in laboratory rats was much higher than previously known, and only in part of viral RNA positive rats, could viral antigens and antibody be detected.
AGGREGATION OF SOIL PARTICLES BY ALGAE<sup>1</sup> (1973)

SUMMARY Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (Indiana University Number 252 ), Nostoc commune Vaucher (I.U. 584), and Oscillatoria prolifica (Grev.) Gomont (I.U. 1270) were grown separately on Peoria loess soil material to measure their effects on the water stability of soil aggregates. Each alga significantly (10% LSD) increased the percentage of soil aggregates after 6 weeks of incubation as compared with the soil without algae. Oscillatoria, Chlorella , and Nostoc increased water stability of aggregates >74 μ in diameter by 3.4, 1.1, and 0.6% , respectively. Nostoc and Oscillatoria produced measurable water stable aggregates in the 1000–2000 μ diameter range ; Chlorella formed them in the 500–1000 μ range, while the control soil showed no aggregates >295 μ.