gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling of crude oil operations under demand uncertainty: A robust optimization framework coupled with global optimization (2011)

Abstract Scheduling of crude oil operations is an important component of overall refinery operations, because crude oil costs account for about 80% of the refinery turnover. The mathematical modeling of blending different crudes in storage tanks results in many bilinear terms, which transform the problem into a challenging, nonconvex, mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model. In practice, uncertainties are unavoidable and include demand fluctuations, ship arrival delays, equipment malfunction, and tank unavailability. In the presence of these uncertainties, an optimal schedule generated using nominal parameter values may often be suboptimal or even become infeasible. In this article, the robust optimization framework proposed by Lin et al. and Janak et al. is extended to develop a deterministic robust counterpart optimization model for demand uncertainty. The recently proposed branch and bound global optimization algorithm with piecewise‐linear underestimation of bilinear terms by Li et al. is also extended to solve the nonconvex MINLP deterministic robust counterpart optimization model and generate robust schedules. Two examples are used to illustrate the capability of the proposed robust optimization approach, and the extended branch and bound global optimization algorithm for demand uncertainty. The computational results demonstrate that the obtained schedules are robust in the presence of demand uncertainty. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2373–2396, 2012
Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of L-iyrosine Conjugates: a Model Study for the Brain Targeting using Large Neutral Amino Acid Transport System (2000)

We examined the relation ship between the charge of the amino or carboxylic function of a substrate and the substrate recognition by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport carrier, using the in situ brain perfusion technique. Glucose-coupled L-tyrosine (GcpY), which has a free carboxylic function, and 2-(L-tyrosylamide)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (Y-2DG), which has a free amino function were synthesized. The inhibitory effect of GcpY on [3 H]L-tyrosine uptake was larger than that of N-methly-L-phenylalanine or N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, whereas Y-2DG did not affect it. These results indicate that a free amino group is not required for recognition, provided that the modified amino group is able to take a positive charge. Steric factors appeared to be relatively unimportant.
Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for Diverse Visuomotor Skills (2018)

We propose a model-free deep reinforcement learning method that leverages a small amount of demonstration data to assist a reinforcement learning agent. We apply this approach to robotic manipulation tasks and train end-to-end visuomotor policies that map directly from RGB camera inputs to joint velocities. We demonstrate that our approach can solve a wide variety of visuomotor tasks, for which engineering a scripted controller would be laborious. In experiments, our reinforcement and imitation agent achieves significantly better performances than agents trained with reinforcement learning or imitation learning alone. We also illustrate that these policies, trained with large visual and dynamics variations, can achieve preliminary successes in zero-shot sim2real transfer. A brief visual description of this work can be viewed in https://youtu.be/EDl8SQUNjj0
Occluding Junctions in MDCK Cells: Modulation of Transepithelial Permeability by the Cytoskeleton (1982)

In MDCK cell monolayers the opening and resealing of occluding junctions can be induced by removal and restoration of calcium to the external medium. The overall changes in permeability of the occluding junctions in the monolayer can be monitored by the drop and recovery of the total transepithelial electrical resistance. We have investigated the effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on this process. When CB is added to sealed monolayers there is a gradual drop in the electrical resistance across the monolayer. This drop is accompanied by a slow disorganization of the microfilament pattern of these cells, including a disturbance of a ring of cortical microfilaments that is normally associated with the junctions. Cells in open monolayers treated with CB will not reseal and have an altered filament distribution. These cells do not have a continuous cortical ring. We have used a voltage scanning technique that uses a microelectrode to measure the resistance at selected points along the junction which surrounds a single cell. In untreated, closed monolayers, the junction is heterogeneous with alternating points of high and low conductance. In closed monolayers treated with CB, although there are low conductance points, we have observed an increased frequency of high conductance points that correlates with the change in the overall conductance. The frequency of high conductance points along the junction and the overall conductance both increase with time of exposure to CB. In an effort to understand the molecular basis for the permeability changes induced by EGTA and CB, we have looked for differences in the protein components of the cell membranes of open, closed, and CB-treated MDCK monolayers. This was done by radioiodinating the surface membrane proteins under control and experimental conditions that bring about permeability changes. No significant differences in the labeled protein patterns were found under these conditions. These results suggest that the permeability changes involve only a structural rearrangement of membrane components. In additions we have observed that about 36% of the surface label remains bound to the insoluble cytoskeletons obtained from cells in control and experimental conditions that alter the permeability of the tight junctions. The iodinated proteins attached to the CS include polypeptides with Mr of greater than or equal to 120K daltons as well as peptides with Mr = 56K, 50K, 36K, and 18K daltons.
Release of Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin from Biodegradable Polymer Coated Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds (2011)

In the current research slow release anticancer drug delivery system was prepared and drug release kinetics in vitro evaluated. Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) as carrier material and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as anticancer agent was used. DOX is an anthracycline drug commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. Unfortunately, its therapeutic potential is restricted cardiotoxicity and resistance developed by the tumor cells to the molecule after treatment. To prepare HAp-DOC composites, the porous bioceramic scaffolds were impregnated with doxorubicin in low vacuum conditions. 10% (HAp-10%PLA) and 20% (HAp-20%PLA) poly lactic acid and 20% (HAp-20%PCL) poly(e-caprolactone) solutions in dichloromethane were used to form the polymer coatings on the drug/bioceramic composites. In general there was a burst release observed from all the samples during the first 2 hours followed by a much reduced release profile. In the next 5 days the drug release from all the samples decreased in the following order: 20% PLA (from 56 ng/ml to 3 ng/ml), 20% PCL (from 196 ng/ml to 6 ng/ml), 10% PLA (from 497 ng/ml to 18 ng/ml). HAp-DOX composite without the polymer coating demonstrated the drug release reduction from 230 ng/ml to 13 ng/ml. The cumulative drug release was observed over 19 days.
Complex Formation of ICL670 and Related Ligands with Fe<sup>III</sup> and Fe<sup>II</sup> (2005)

Abstract The pFe values of the two ligands H 3 L x and H 3 L y in section 2.3 on page 4183 of the original article [1] are incorrect; the corresponding sentence with the correct values should read as follows: In general, the iron binding properties of H 3 L x and H 3 L y are indeed closely related: the pFe values [30] for H 3 L x and H 3 L y (total [L] = 10 μ M , total [Fe] = 1 μ M , pH = 7.4, H 2 O, I = 0.1 M ) are 23.5 and 22.6, respectively.
Specificity determinants for bacteriophage Hong Kong 022 integrase: analysis of mutants with relaxed core‐binding specificities (2000)

The integrase (Int) proteins encoded by bacteriophages HK022 and lambda catalyse similar site-specific integration and excision reactions between specific DNA regions known as attachment (att) sites. However, the Int proteins of HK022 and lambda are unable to catalyse recombination between non-cognate att sites. The att sites of both phages contain weak binding sites for Int, known as 'core-type' sites. Negatively acting nucleotide determinants associated with specific core sites (lambda B', HK022 B', HK022 C) are responsible for the barrier to non-cognate recombination. In this study, we used challenge phages to demonstrate that the lambda and HK022 Ints cannot bind to core sites containing non-cognate specificity determinants in vivo. We isolated mutants of the HK022 Int, which bind the lambda B' core site. Two mutants, D99N and D99A, have changed a residue in the core-binding (CB) domain, which may be directly contacting the core site DNA. We suggest that binding to the lambda B' site was accomplished by removing the negatively charged aspartate residue, which normally participates in a conflicting interaction with the G4 nucleotide of the lambda B' site. We showed that, although our mutants retain the ability to recombine their cognate att sites, they are unable to recombine lambda att sites.
Some Sufficient Conditions for Starlikeness and Convexity of Order (2013)

We derive certain sufficient conditions for starlikeness and convexity of order of analytic functions in the unit disk. Applications are indicated for the subordination results to electromagnetic cloaking.
Security protection and checking for embedded system integration against buffer overflow attacks via hardware/software (2006)

With more embedded systems networked, it becomes an important problem to effectively defend embedded systems against buffer overflow attacks. Due to the increasing complexity and strict requirements, off-the-shelf software components are widely used in embedded systems, especially for military and other critical applications. Therefore, in addition to effective protection, we also need to provide an approach for system integrators to efficiently check whether software components have been protected. In this paper, we propose the HSDefender (Hardware/Software Defender) technique to perform protection and checking together. Our basic idea is to design secure call instructions so systems can be secured and checking can be easily performed. In the paper, we classify buffer overflow attacks into two categories and provide two corresponding defending strategies. We analyze the HSDefender technique with respect to hardware cost, security, and performance. We experiment with our HSDefender technique on the simplescalar/ARM simulator with benchmarks from MiBench, an embedded benchmark suite. The results show that our HSDefender technique can defend a system against more types of buffer overflow attacks with less overhead compared with the previous work.
RETRACTED: Effective Condition for Purification of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nitric Acid (2009)

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Fe-Ni bimetallic catalysts supported by MgO using thermal chemical vapor deposition. A comparative study on the effect of nitric acid molarity and time duration of acid treatment on purification of multi-walled nanotubes was done. The studies revealed that for finding a suitable condition for purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, it is necessary to determine suitable molarity of acid and immersion time of the carbon nanotubes. It was found that 5 M of boiling nitric acid at 3 h leads to the highest removal of the impurities with the least destructive effect. Various analytical techniques such as: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the morphology, graphitization and quality of the carbon nanotubes.
Electrical and mechanical behavior of filled elastomers 2: The effect of swelling and temperature (2004)

Abstract In this work the effect of swelling and temperature on the resistivity of highly carbon black filled elastomers under strain is investigated. This work shows that swelling, even to a modest extent of less than 10%, causes a marked increase in the electrical resistivity. The effect of a linear expansion due to swelling is much more marked than an equivalent linear tensile extension on the electrical resistivity. The increase in electrical resistivity with swelling is also much greater than the increase due to a reduction in the volume fraction of the carbon black alone. The increase in resistivity depends somewhat upon the chemical nature of the swelling agent. There is a relatively small effect of temperature induced volume change on resistivity, contrasting markedly with the large effect of a volume increase due to swelling. These observations suggest that on swelling there is a preferential migration of the solvent to the rubber/filler interfaces. This will push the carbon black aggregates apart and lead to a dramatic increase in the resistivity across the interface. There are also indications that at elevated temperatures the filler/rubber interactions are reduced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2161–2167, 2004
Mid-Infrared Silicon Photonics (2013)

A mid-infrared silicon nanophotonic integrated circuit platform can have broad impact upon environmental monitoring, personalized healthcare, and public safety applications. Development of various mid-IR components, including optical parametric amplifiers, sources, modulators, and detectors, is reviewed.
A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Oral and Sublingual Cyproheptadine (2004)

Serum concentrations after sublingual cyproheptadine are significantly less than after oral administration. At these concentrations, the sublingual route is unlikely to be effective in treating serotonin syndrome.
Goblet Cell Derived RELM-β Recruits CD4+ T Cells during Infectious Colitis to Promote Protective Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation (2015)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and related food and waterborne pathogens pose significant threats to human health. These attaching/effacing microbes infect the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), causing severe diarrheal disease. Colonizing the intestinal luminal surface helps segregate these microbes from most host inflammatory responses. Based on studies using Citrobacter rodentium, a related mouse pathogen, we speculate that hosts rely on immune-mediated changes in IEC, including goblet cells to defend against these pathogens. These changes include a CD4+ T cell-dependent increase in IEC proliferation to replace infected IEC, as well as altered production of the goblet cell-derived mucin Muc2. Another goblet cell mediator, REsistin-Like Molecule (RELM)-β is strongly induced within goblet cells during C. rodentium infection, and was detected in the stool as well as serum. Despite its dramatic induction, RELM-β's role in host defense is unclear. Thus, wildtype and RELM-β gene deficient mice (Retnlb-/-) were orally infected with C. rodentium. While their C. rodentium burdens were only modestly elevated, infected Retnlb-/- mice suffered increased mortality and mucosal ulceration due to deep pathogen penetration of colonic crypts. Immunostaining for Ki67 and BrDU revealed Retnlb-/- mice were significantly impaired in infection-induced IEC hyper-proliferation. Interestingly, exposure to RELM-β did not directly increase IEC proliferation, rather RELM-β acted as a CD4+ T cell chemoattractant. Correspondingly, Retnlb-/- mice showed impaired CD4+ T cell recruitment to their infected colons, along with reduced production of interleukin (IL)-22, a multifunctional cytokine that directly increased IEC proliferation. Enema delivery of RELM-β to Retnlb-/- mice restored CD4+ T cell recruitment, concurrently increasing IL-22 levels and IEC proliferation, while reducing mucosal pathology. These findings demonstrate that RELM-β and goblet cells play an unexpected, yet critical role in recruiting CD4+ T cells to the colon to protect against an enteric pathogen, in part via the induction of increased IEC proliferation.
Verdade inconveniente (2008)

A onda verde, por enquanto, é muito mais ilusão do que realidade. Há muitos obstáculos a vencer para que as empresas se tornem, de fato, virtuosas
Characteristics of immobilized lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil of high concentration in reverse phase system (1989)

Candida rugosa lipase immobilized by adsorption on swollen Sephadex LH-20 could almost completely hydrolyze 60% (v/v) olive oil in isooctane. Kinetic analysis of the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction was found to be possible in this system. Amount of fatty acids produced was linearly proportional to the enzyme concentration of 720 microg/g wet gel. The specific enzyme activity was 217 units/mg protein at 60% (v/v) olive oil concentration. When the initial rate is plotted versus concentration of olive oil, this system did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Maximum activity was obtained at pH 7, but optimum temperature shifted towards higher one with the increase of olive oil concentration. Among the various chemical compounds tested, Hg(2+) and Fe(2+) inhibited the lipase seriously. As the concentration of olive oil increased, the rate of the hydrolysis also increased, but degree of the hydrolysis was observed to decrease. The supply of water from the inside of the gel to the surface of the gel was the main factor for the control of the rate of hydrolysis in batch hydrolysis. The immobilized lipase was used to hydrolyze olive oil two times. Achievement of chemical equilibrium took a longer time with the addition of water and the degree of hydrolysis decreased in the second consecutive trial. After the second hydrolysis trial, the gels were regenerated in a packed column first by eluting out both residual fatty acids around the gel particles and the accumulated glycerol with ethanol and then with 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7. The immobilized lipase on the regenerated gel showed the same hydrolysis activity as the original one.
Rosmarinic acid inhibits TCR‐induced T cell activation and proliferation in an Lck‐dependent manner (2003)

Lck is a T cell-restricted Src family protein tyrosine kinase that plays pivotal roles in TCR-mediated signaling. We aimed to identify novel agents that could disrupt the molecular interaction of the Src homology 2-domain of Lck (Lck SH2) with its binding partners, with the expectation that this would impair TCR signaling and generate immunosuppression. Large-scale screening of plant extracts indicated that rosmarinic acid (RosA) in extracts of Prunella vulgaris consistently inhibits the interaction between Lck SH2 and a peptide containing its consensus binding sequence (pYEEI). The inhibitory effect of RosA was specific for SH2 domains of Src family protein tyrosine kinase. RosA inhibited TCR-induced-Ca(2+) mobilization and IL-2 promoter activation but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin-induced IL-2 promoter activation, indicating its point of inhibition at the membrane proximal site of TCR signaling. Furthermore, RosA inhibited TCR-induced splenocyte proliferation as well as one-way MLR at an IC(50) of 25-50 microM and inhibited cytokine expression such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Here, we first report RosA as an inhibitor of TCR-signaling and subsequent T cell proliferation.
Acyl Transfer during Chromium Trioxide Oxidation in the Pregnane Series. Some Reactions of 5 β-Androstane-16,17-ketols<sup>1,2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyl Transfer during Chromium Trioxide Oxidation in the Pregnane Series. Some Reactions of 5 β-Androstane-16,17-ketols1,2C. H. Kuo, D. Taub, and N. L. WendlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 6, 1619–1624Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01041a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01041a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tightness and resolvability (1998)

We prove resolvability and maximal resolvability of topological spaces having countable tightness with some additional properties. For this purpose, we introduce some new versions of countable tightness. We also construct a couple of examples of irresolvable spaces.
Protecting unattended computers without software (2002)

In many environments, users log in to workstations and then leave them unattended. Rather than trying to stop users from doing what comes naturally, this paper suggests a simple, hardware-based system that can protect computers in such an environment from unauthorized use by people with physical access to the monitor and keyboard. Requirements for the system are described some design issues are discussed, and a sketch of a design for an initial prototype is provided, together with an assurance argument for it. A prototype implementing many of the concepts described has been built; two dozen copies of a second prototype are soon to be installed in an office environment.
Coronary Microembolization. (2003)

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a key event in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes and during coronary interventions. However, it does not always result in complete thrombotic occlusion of the entire epicardial coronary artery with subsequent acute myocardial infarction; in milder forms the result can be embolization of atherosclerotic and thrombotic debris into the coronary microcirculation. This review summarizes the available morphological evidence for coronary microembolization in patients who died from coronary artery disease, most notably from sudden death, and then goes on to address the experimental pathophysiology of coronary microembolization in animal models of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. Finally, the review presents the available clinical evidence for coronary microembolization in patients, highlights its key features (ie, arrhythmias, contractile dysfunction, infarctlets and reduced coronary reserve) and addresses its prevention by mechanical protection devices and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonism.
A Penetrating Tracheal Injury Caused by a Needlefish (2004)

Needlefish are characterized with their rigid, elongated jaws. They are frequently attracted by light at night and may inflict a wound by plunging their sharp beaks into anyone in their path. Therefore, the penetrating injury should be managed as a stab injury, and treatment is determined primarily by the location of the injury. We report on an unusual case of penetrating tracheal injury caused by a needlefish. This diving lobsterman was struck by a needlefish on his anterior neck and presented with extensive subcutaneous crepitus and hemoptysis on arrival at the emergency room. We successfully treated the patient with selective nonoperative management after a thorough physical examination and ancillary evaluation.