gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Advances in Copper-Nickel-Tin Spinodal Alloys (2013)

Abstract The unique metallurgy and microstructure of Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloys provide a combination of strength, toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance, suiting them for applications ranging from bearings, bushings, and friction surfaces in all sorts of machinery to electrical connectors and EMI shielding gaskets.
Inhibition of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase by Activators of AMP-activated Protein Kinase (2004)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy-sensing enzyme that is activated in response to cellular stress, is a critical signaling molecule for the regulation of multiple metabolic processes. AMPK has recently emerged as an attractive novel target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes because its activation increases fatty acid oxidation and improves glucose homeostasis. Here we show that pharmacological activation of AMPK by insulin-sensitizing drugs markedly inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), a proinflammatory mediator in endotoxic shock and in chronic inflammatory states including obesity-linked diabetes. AMPK-mediated iNOS inhibition was observed in several cell types (myocytes, adipocytes, macrophages) and primarily resulted from post-transcriptional regulation of the iNOS protein. AMPK activation in vivo also blunted iNOS induction in muscle and adipose tissues of endotoxin-challenged rats. Reduction of AMPK expression by small interfering RNA reversed the inhibitory effects of AMPK activators on iNOS expression and nitric oxide production in myocytes. These results indicate that AMPK is a novel anti-inflammatory signaling pathway and thus represents a promising therapeutic target for immune-inflammatory disorders.
Selective inhibition of binding of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1Ab toxin to cadherin-like and aminopeptidase proteins in brush-border membranes and dissociated epithelial cells from <i>Bombyx mori</i> (2007)

Binding analyses with denatured epithelial membrane proteins from Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) demonstrated at least two kinds of proteins, APNs (aminopeptidases N) and cadherin-like proteins, as possible receptors for the Cry1A class of Bt toxins. Two alternative models have been proposed, both based on initial toxin binding to a cadherin-like protein, but one involving APN and the other not. We have used two Bombyx mori strains (J65 and Kin), which are highly susceptible to Cry1Ab, to study the role of these two types of receptors on Cry1Ab toxin binding and cytotoxicity by means of the inhibitory effect of antibodies. BBMVs (brush-border membrane vesicles) of strain J65 incubated with labelled 125I-Cry1Ab revealed a marked reduction in reversible and irreversible binding when anti-BtR175 (a cadherin-like protein) was used for BBMV pre-treatment. By contrast, the anti-APN1 antibody specifically affected the irreversible binding, while the reversible binding component was not affected. This is the first time that binding of Cry1Ab to APN1 and to a cadherin-like protein from BBMVs in solution has been shown. Dissociated epithelial cells from the Kin strain were used to test the inhibitory effect of the antibodies on the cytotoxicity of Cry1Ab. Pre-incubation of the cells with the anti-BtR175 antibody conferred protection against Cry1Ab, but not the anti-APN1 antibody. Therefore our results seem to support the two models of the mode of action of Cry1Ab in Lepidoptera, depending on whether BBMVs or intact dissociated cells are used, suggesting that both pathways may co-operate for the toxicity of Cry1A toxins in vivo.
Reactions of Some Allylic and Propargylic Halides with Nucleophiles Analogous to Those Present in Proteins and Nucleic Acids (1971)

The relative alkylating capabilities of crotyl chloride, allyl bromide, and 1-bromo-2-butyne with respect to compounds containing thiol, imidazole, primary amino, and methylthio functions representative of those present in cysteine, histidine, lysine and methionine residues have been studied using 2-bromoacetophenone as the reference alkylating agent.
Behavioral segmentation of bank's Point-of-Sales using RF*M* approach (2010)

POSs (Point-of-Sale) are one of the major electronic payment systems in banking industry with more cost. The bank needs to know its customers behavior to find interesting segments to attract more transactions which results in the growth of its income and assets. The RFM (recency, frequency and monetary) analysis is a famous approach for extracting behavior of customers and is a basis for marketing and CRM (customer relationship management) processes, but is not aligned enough for banking context. So RF*M* is proposed in this article. It is used for both preprocess and segmentation phases. Segmentation based on the RF*M* helps us to achieve a better understanding of groups of customers. For segmentation, ULVQ (unsupervised learning vector quantization) algorithm along with thirteen clustering validation indices is applied to find more exact and understandable results.
Signal Communication between Molecular Switches (2001)

[structure: see text]. Efficient strategies for the communication of signals between molecules must be identified for the development of molecule-based nanoprocessors. We have demonstrated that photoinduced proton transfer can be exploited to implement intermolecular digital transmission. Light inputs operate a three-state molecular switch inducing the transfer of a proton to or from a two-state molecular switch. The signal transduction protocol of the two communicating molecular switches is equivalent to that of a sequential logic circuit incorporating three logic gates.
Plasma Concentrations of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Cardioembolic Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation. (1995)

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the level of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an indicator of atrial stretching, correlates with the formation of a thrombus in the left atrium during cardioembolic stroke with atrial fibrillation. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ANP and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) were measured in five age-matched groups including: 16 patients with acute cardioembolic stroke and atrial fibrillation (group 1), 26 patients with chronic cardioembolic stroke and atrial fibrillation (group 2), 27 patients with atrial fibrillation without previous stroke (group 3), 21 patients with acute lacunar stroke (group 4), and 27 healthy controls. The plasma ANP levels were higher in group 1, regardless of the stage, than those estimated at chronic stage in group 4 and in healthy controls. There were no stage-related differences between groups 1, 2 and 3. Plasma levels of ANP in group 2, a high risk group of cardioembolic stroke, were higher than in group 3, a low risk group. There was no correlation between plasma levels of ANP and mean blood pressure, pulse rate or plasma levels of TAT in any group. These results indicate that the determination of plasma ANP concentration is useful to distinguish a high risk patient from a low risk patient and also a cardioembolic stroke patient from a lacunar stroke patient. They also underscore the difficulties in recognizing left atrial thrombus formation by determining the plasma ANP concentration in cardioembolic stroke.
The relationship between proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation parameters and myocardial perfusion with acute coronary arterial occlusion and reperfusion. (1985)

Previous investigators have demonstrated that acute myocardial ischemia, whether followed by reperfusion or not, is associated with prolongation of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times T1 and T2. Heretofore, the relationship between the severity of ischemia and alterations of these relaxation times has not been assessed. In our studies, changes in T1 and T2 were compared with myocardial perfusion in dogs both before and during 30 and 60 min of coronary arterial occlusion. In addition, studies were performed to assess the impact of reperfusion on relaxation times after 30 and 60 min of coronary occlusion. In the reperfusion studies the relationship between myocardial relaxation times and flow during the preocclusion, occlusion, and the 15 min reperfusion periods were studied. In the occlusion-only preparations, there was a significant inverse relationship between the relaxation times and flow during occlusion. In the reperfusion preparations there was a significant direct relationship between T1 and T2 and flow during the period of reperfusion. There was no significant relationship between the relaxation times and flow during occlusion in groups that subsequently underwent reperfusion, and no relationship between T1 and T2 and preocclusion flow in either the occlusion-only or reperfusion groups. These data suggest that the proton relaxation times provide an indication of the severity of an ischemic insult. Since NMR images can be generated that are sensitive to differences in these relaxation parameters, NMR imaging may provide a means to assess noninvasively the severity of the myocardial ischemic insult.
Towards a semantic extraction of named entities (2003)

In this paper, we discuss the new challenges posed by the progression from information extraction to content extraction, as demonstrated by the ACE program. We explore whether traditional IE approaches are sufficient, and describe the adaptation of a generic IE system to this kind of application. Results suggest that a deeper level of processing is necessary to achieve excellent results in all areas, although rule-based systems can still produce results of a reasonable quality with a small amount of adaptation. In particular, the task of entity detection and tracking on texts of varying genre and quality is one of the most challenging. 1
Improved switching trategy for a single-phase brushless direct current motor and its impact: On motor efficiency (2017)

Advancing the turn-off angle of the phase current of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors is a common control practice to improve their behavior and efficiency (reduction of current peaks, copper losses, and breaking torques). This paper investigates a refined switching strategy for a single-phase BLDC motor with bifilar winding to increase the energy conversion efficiency of the system. In addition to advancing the phase current turn-off angle, the turn-on angle is delayed to improve the drive's performance and increase the efficiency even further. The focus is on sub-fractional horsepower single-phase BLDC motors with bifilar winding which, concerning this matter, have not drawn much attention in the literature yet. The findings of the paper show that the improved switching strategy can reduce current peaks, breaking torques, copper losses, and therefore increase efficiency.
An Edge-Sensing Generic Demosaicing Algorithm With Application to Image Resampling (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a new demosaicing algorithm that can be used for various sensor images captured by digital cameras equipped with various red-green-blue color filter arrays. Our algorithm enhances the universal demosaicing algorithm of Lukac et al by defining a new spectral interpolation model that exploits not only the information on the color of pixels but also the relative distance between neighboring pixels within an image. Moreover, we include an edge-detection model that makes our algorithm adaptive and reduces the presence of color shifts and artifacts. A series of tests has been made on images of the Kodak database, and our algorithm performs better than the universal demosaicing algorithm with regard to both subjective and objective evaluation. The versatility of our demosaicing algorithm is also highlighted through an application to the issue of color image resampling, and we obtain conclusive experimental results.
T lymphocytes of young and aged rats. II. Functional defects and the role of interleukin-2. (1982)

Splenic T lymphocytes of aged Lewis rats respond to Con A and PHA with diminished 3H-TdR uptake compared with splenic T lymphocytes of young Lewis rats. After immunization with allogeneic tumor cells, uptake of 3H-TdR in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures and T cell cytotoxicity against tumor target cells are significantly lower with spleen cells of aged rats compared with those of young rats. The culture of spleen cells of aged rats with Con A results in a diminished conversion of Ia-positive T cells from Ia-negative precursors compared with similar cultures of spleen cells of young rats. Spleen cells of both young and aged rats produce high amounts of IL-2 in response to Con A stimulation. "Old" T cells, however, bind relatively little IL-2, do not utilize it in culture, and do not respond to exogenous IL-2 with enhanced 3H-TdR uptake as do "young" T cells. In allogeneic MLTC, "old" T lymphocytes produce little IL-2 compared with "young" cells, and both "young" and "old" cells respond to exogenous IL-2 with enhanced 3H-TdR uptake and increased cytotoxic activity. The data suggest defects in the synthesis and/or recognition of IL-2 as well as defects in the regulation of Ia antigen expression may be responsible, in part, for the reduced T cell function in aged animals.
Heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells with relevance to diagnosis of vascular tumours. (1992)

A small panel of three reagents (factor VIII related antigen, CD31 (JC70) and CD34 (QBend 10)) should be used by diagnostic pathologists who want to show the presence of cells of endothelial origin in routine material.
SWAT모형을 이용한 수변완충지대 설치에 따른 장단기유출 특성 평가 (2010)

본 연구에서는 수변완충지대를 설치하므로써 발생할 수 있는 홍수유출과 같은 단기유출과 지하수유출을 포함하는 장기유출의 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며 수변완충지대의 크기와 적용식생인 상록수와 낙엽수에 따른 장단기 유출특성변화를 갑천유역의 회덕지점에 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 수변완충지대의 실험을 위한 적정규모인 100m와 상록수, 낙엽수를 각각 적용하였을 경우 지하수유출량은 상록수 5% 저감, 낙엽수 2% 저감 되었으며 80mm이상의 강우에 대한 단기(홍수)유출량은 상록수 11%, 낙엽수 2% 저감이 되는 것으로 나타났으며 상록수를 식재한 수변완충지대가 단기(홍수)유출을 줄이고 지하수유출을 늘려 수자원의 이용측면에서 유리한 것으로 나타났다.
A Novel Two-Dimensional Adaptive Dimming Technique of X-Y Channel Drivers for LED Backlight System in LCD TVs (2009)

In this paper, a novel two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive dimming technique with X-Y channels for light-emitting diode (LED) backlight system in LCD TVs is proposed. The proposed LED backlight has matrix-structured LED modules with row and column switches to control the brightness of individual division block. It shows local dimming effects such as reduced power consumption and high dynamic contrast ratio even with much less number of LED drivers than that of the conventional 2-D local dimming method. Therefore, low cost and compact design of LED drivers can be achieved. This paper also contains a new adaptive dimming algorithm and image manipulation technique for the proposed LED backlight system. The proposed dimming technique is verified by simulation and experimental results based on a RGB-LED backlight of a 32-in LCD TV.
The behaviour of minor and trace elements in coal in an argon plasma (1984)

The occurrence of the elements Co, U, Dy, Eu, Ba, Ti, Sr, I, Br, Mg, Cu, Na; V, AI, Mn, Cl and Ca in coal is reviewed. An experimental technique is described in which the concentration of these elements is reduced. The technique consists of treating the coal in an argon plasma, which is formed by injecting argon into a carbon arc through axial holes drilled in graphite electrodes. The coal samples are contained in graphite crucibles and thus the carbon activity is one. The rate and the mechanism of removal of these elements is reported. The concentration of the elements was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Inhibition of transfer and ribosomal RNA methylases by polyinosinate. (1973)

Summary Polyinosinate [poly(1)] inhibited transfer RNA methylases prepared from the cell-soluble fraction and the nucleolar fraction of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. Polyinosinate-cytidylate duplex, polyinosinate-cytidylate copolymer, and other homopolymers such as polycytidylate and polyadenylate showed very little effect. The mechanism of inhibition has been attributed to specific interactions between the single-stranded poly(I) and the methylating enzymes. Methylases of individual bases were differentially inhibited by poly(I), adenine methylase to the greatest extent and guanine methylases to the least. The methylation of bases of endogenous ribosomal precursor RNA in isolated nucleoli was also inhibited by poly(I), resulting in preferential inhibition of the methylation of adenine. The methylation of ribose moieties of ribosomal precursor RNA in isolated nucleoli has been detected in all 16 of the possible alkali-stable dinucleotide monophosphates by an improved method for resolution of these O 2′ -methyl dinucleoside monophosphate compounds. Poly(I) caused nonuniform inhibition of methylation of ribose moieties, although the pattern differed from the inhibition of base methylation. A potentially pervasive effect of poly(I) on cell metabolism and a potential rationale for use in cancer chemotherapy are hereby demonstrated.
Low-Temperature Solution-Grown CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals and Their Characterization (2016)

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) was recently introduced as a potentially high performance thin-film halide perovskite (HaP) material for optoelectronics, including photovoltaics, significantly more stable than MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3+). Because of the importance of single crystals to study relevant material properties per se, crystals grown under conditions comparable to those used for preparing thin films, i.e., low-temperature solution-based growth, are needed. We show here two simple ways, antisolvent-vapor saturation or heating a solution containing retrograde soluble CsPbBr3, to grow single crystals of CsPbBr3 from a precursor solution, treated with acetonitrile (MeCN) or methanol (MeOH). The precursor solutions are stable for at least several months. Millimeter-sized crystals are grown without crystal-seeding and can provide a 100% yield of CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals, avoiding a CsBr-rich (or PbBr2-rich) composition, which is often present alongside the perovskite phase. Further growth is demonstrated to be possible with crystal seeding. The crystals are characterized in several ways, including first results of charge carrier lifetime (30 ns) and an upper-limit of the Urbach energy (19 meV). As the crystals are grown from a polar aprotic solvent (DMSO), which is similar to those used to grow hybrid organic–inorganic HaP crystals, this may allow growing mixed (organic and inorganic) monovalent cation HaP crystals.
Chemoinformatic Identification of Novel Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-aspartate α-decarboxylase (2012)

L-aspartate α-decarboxylase (ADC) belongs to a class of pyruvoyl dependent enzymes and catalyzes the conversion of aspartate to β-alanine in the pantothenate pathway, which is critical for the growth of several micro-organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Its presence only in micro-organisms, fungi and plants and its absence in animals, particularly human, make it a promising drug target. We have followed a chemoinformatics-based approach to identify potential drug-like inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-aspartate α-decarboxylase (MtbADC). The structure-based high throughput virtual screening (HTVS) mode of the Glide program was used to screen 333,761 molecules of the Maybridge, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs databases. Ligands were rejected if they cross-reacted with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) decarboxylase, a human pyruvoyl dependent enzyme. The lead molecules were further analyzed for physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters, based on Lipinski's rule of five, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. This analysis resulted in eight small potential drug-like inhibitors that are in agreement with the binding poses of the crystallographic ADC:fumarate and ADC:isoasparagine complex structures and whose backbone scaffolds seem to be suitable for further experimental studies in therapeutic development against tuberculosis.
Parametric type classes (1992)

We propose a generalization to Haskell's type classes where a class can have type parameters besides the placeholder variable. We show that this generalization is essential to represent container classes with overloaded data constructor and selector operations. We also show that the resulting type system has principal types and present unification and type reconstruction algorithms.
Classifying seismic signals via RCE neural network (1990)

A discussion is presented of the use of a restricted coulomb energy (RCE) neural network to perform target recognition based on seismic signals. The training and testing patterns are the seismic signals of helicopters, tracked vehicles, and wheeled vehicles. It is found that the medium- and high-frequency parts of the seismic signal carry critical information for target recognition. A contrast-enhancement technique is applied to the medium- and high-frequency parts of the power spectrum to improve the performance of the system
Accelerated Life Testing of Electronic Revenue Meters (2008)

This document presents arguments that conclude that it is unethical to use somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for infertility treatment due to concerns about safety; the unknown impact of SCNT on children, families, and society; and the availability of other ethically acceptable means of assisted reproduction. This document replaces the ASRM Ethics Committee report titled, "Human somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning)," last published in Fertil Steril 2000;74:873-6.
The Determination of Antithrombin III and its Clinical Application (1979)

Abstract A preliminary study of antithrombin III levels in the blood of three groups of patients, women taking the contraceptive pill, patients on warfarin therapy and a group with a variety of non-vascular complaints, has been carried out using a newly developed automated method. No age or sex difference was found, but women on the contraceptive pill have a significantly lowered antithrombin III activity in the blood, and warfarin-treated patients have a significantly increased activity. It is suggested that, as antithrombin III acts as an inhibitor in the complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin systems and lowered activity predisposes to venous thrombosis, its measurement should be carried out in all those patients at risk in the post-operative phase.
HDAC6 Regulates Androgen Receptor Hypersensitivity and Nuclear Localization via Modulating Hsp90 Acetylation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2009)

The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) requires that under castration conditions, the androgen receptor (AR) remains active and thus nuclear. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a key role in androgen-induced and -independent nuclear localization and activation of AR. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is implicated, but has not been proven, in regulating AR activity via modulating Hsp90 acetylation. Here, we report that knockdown of HDAC6 in C4-2 cells using short hairpin RNA impaired ligand-independent nuclear localization of endogenous AR and inhibited PSA expression and cell growth in the absence or presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The dose-response curve of DHT-stimulated C4-2 colony formation was shifted by shHDAC6 such that approximately 10-fold higher concentration of DHT is required, indicating a requirement for HDAC6 in AR hypersensitivity. HDAC6 knockdown also inhibited C4-2 xenograft tumor establishment in castrated, but not in testes-intact, nude mice. Studies using HDAC6-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells showed that inhibition of AR nuclear localization by HDAC6 knockdown can be largely alleviated by expressing a deacetylation mimic Hsp90 mutant. Taken together, our studies suggest that HDAC6 regulates AR hypersensitivity and nuclear localization, mainly via modulating HSP90 acetylation. Targeting HDAC6 alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches is a promising new strategy for prevention and/or treatment of castration-resistant PCa.