gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IT in medical practice: an exploratory case study in Denmark's publicly financed healthcare system (2001)

Medicine is under extreme and ongoing pressure to improve for the patient's benefit, while at the same time fiscal restraints demand cost control. The application of information technology, such as the electronic medical record and telemedicine, can potentially redefine the practice of medicine as a whole, and in particular the work of general practitioners (GPs). In this case study, we interviewed a GP about his use of and experiences with information technology (IT), telemedicine, and the internet. Findings indicate that while the quality of healthcare delivery might be positively affected by new IT and informatics, other costs (e.g., investment and time spent to manage the technology properly) might simply offset any potential economic gains. We also found that GPs can use the internet to find information not only about rare diseases, but also and as importantly, about the latest treatments for more common ones. It can also provide patients with pertinent information. The data also indicates that in order to reap the potential benefits of telemedicine for both patients and healthcare experts, we must address certain legal issues and improve data integration between hospitals and GPs. We discuss these findings and their potential impact upon Denmark's ongoing efforts to use IT and informatics more extensively in healthcare delivery, and outline implications for future research and practice.
The unique features of glycolytic pathways in Archaea (2003)

An early divergence in evolution has resulted in two prokaryotic domains, the Bacteria and the Archaea. Whereas the central metabolic routes of bacteria and eukaryotes are generally well-conserved, variant pathways have developed in Archaea involving several novel enzymes with a distinct control. A spectacular example of convergent evolution concerns the glucose-degrading pathways of saccharolytic archaea. The identification, characterization and comparison of the glycolytic enzymes of a variety of phylogenetic lineages have revealed a mosaic of canonical and novel enzymes in the archaeal variants of the Embden-Meyerhof and the Entner-Doudoroff pathways. By means of integrating results from biochemical and genetic studies with recently obtained comparative and functional genomics data, the structure and function of the archaeal glycolytic routes, the participating enzymes and their regulation are re-evaluated.
Noise Analysis of High-Gain, Low-Noise Column Readout Circuits for CMOS Image Sensors (2004)

The temporal read noise on the signal path of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensor is analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of high-gain column amplifiers in enhancing sensor sensitivity. The signal path examined includes a pixel source follower, a switched-capacitor, noise-cancelling, high-gain amplifier, and a sample-and-hold circuit in each column. It is revealed that the total random readout noise consists of a component due to noise charge sampled and held at the charge summation node of the amplifier and transferred to the output, and a direct noise component sampled at the sample-and-hold stage at the output of the column amplifier. The analysis suggests that the direct noise components can be greatly reduced by increasing the column amplifier gain, indicating that an extremely low-noise readout circuit may be achievable through the development of a double-stage noise-cancelling architecture.
Rapid solution of integral equations of scattering theory in two dimensions (1990)

The present paper describes an algorithm for rapid solution of boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions based on iteratively solving integral equations of scattering theory. CPU time requirements of previously published algorithms of this type are of the order n2, where n is the number of nodes in the discretization of the boundary of the scatterer. The CPU time requirements of the algorithm of the present paper are n43, and can be further reduced, making it considerably more practical for large scale problems.
Analysis of scanning probe used for simultaneous measurement of tunneling current and surface potential (1999)

The scanning probe microscope used for the simultaneous measurement of tunneling current and surface potential (TSM) is analyzed. Using an electric image method, the capacitance formed between the vibrating tip and plane sample is calculated, assuming that the vibrating tip is a sphere electrode with a radius r. The formula expressing the displacement current and the capacitance is obtained. The resolution of the TSM is discussed, and concluded that the lateral resolution of the displacement current mode is better than one fifth of the tip radius r, e.g., about 1 μm for r=5 μm. Finally, the distance between the tip and plane sample, and the tip radius were experimentally determined by comparing the theoretical relationship between the displacement current and the distance.
Mainstream Videoconferencing: A Developer's Guide to Distance Multimedia (1997)

From the Publisher:
Prepare yourself for the communications future! No longer relegated to the realm of science fiction, videoconferencing is now a reality and is destined to become all-pervasive within the next decade as a foundation of enhanced global communication. This eye-opening analysis offers clear explanations of both group videoconferencing and the emergence of desktop videoconferencing. Potential applications, such as everyday meetings, recruiting, tech support, manufacturing, classrooms, medical clinics, and entertainment, are all explored. The technological challenges and wizardry behind multipoint videoconferencing (with more than two sites communicating video, audio, and data simultaneously) are featured as well. For managers leading organizations into the future or technical professionals developing products for this rapidly emerging industry, Mainstream Videoconferencing will help you attain a thorough understanding of the underlying technology, evaluate and make full use of current and future videoconferencing systems, and create strategies on potential usage. For readers with a more technical background, the book includes a section containing a detailed look at the technology, as well as providing insight into what is required in addition to audio and video compression. Here you will find explanations of how digital teleconferencing has evolved from analog television, the telecommunications infrastructure and internets that must support videoconferencing, and basic algorithms for managing audio and video. One major chapter presents the International Telecommunications Union T.120 standard for multipoint data conferencing, and another explores the technological barriers to videoconferencing that are now beginning to come down.
MANGANESE STIMULATES ADHESION AND SPREADING OF MOUSE SARCOMA I ASCITES CELLS (1973)

Adhesion of Sarcoma I cells (SaI) to untreated or to serum-treated glass was examined by layering (51)Cr-labeled cells on the substrate for 20 min at 34 degrees C and determining the glass-bound radioactivity after the monolayers were rinsed. Adhesion to untreated glass proceeded in sodium chloride-imidazole-potassium medium (SIK) without added divalent cations, whereas SaI adhered maximally to the serum-coated substrate only in the presence of 50 microM or more Mn. Divalent Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, or Zn were inactive or minimally active. Mn-stimulated adhesion was sharply temperature dependent, reversible upon removal of Mn, and inhibited by Ca as well as by cytochalasin B, vinblastine, or tetracaine. Adhesion of SaI in SIK did not ensue when cells or the coated substrate were pretreated with Mn and washed in SIK before the adhesion assays. Microscope observations showed that Mn induced the formation of cell processes, ruffles, and veils, and that SaI spread on the uncoated or serum-coated substrate when exposed to Mn. Cells withdrew veils and processes and rounded up when postincubated in Mn-free medium. Formation of cell processes and spreading was inhibited by cytochalasin B, vinblastine, or tetracaine. Manganese-induced adhesion seems to require the participation of microtubules and microfilaments and may be mediated by an effect of Mn on Ca fluxes. The results support the role of cell processes and spreading in cell-to-substrate adhesion.
Advances in automatic gait recognition (2004)

Automatic recognition by gait is subject to increasing interest and has the unique capability to recognize people at a distance when other biometrics are obscured. Its interest is reinforced by the longstanding computer vision interest in automated non-invasive analysis of human motion. Its recognition capability is supported by studies in other domains such as medicine (biomechanics), mathematics and psychology, which continue to suggest that gait is unique. Further, examples of recognition by gait can be found in literature, with early reference by Shakespeare concerning recognition by the way people walk. Current approaches confirm the early results that suggested gait could be used for identification, and now on much larger databases. This has been especially influenced by the human ID at a distance research program with its wide scenario of data and approaches. Gait has benefited from the developments in other biometrics and has led to new insight particularly in view of covariates. As such, gait is an interesting research area, with contributions not only to the field of biometrics but also to the stock of new techniques for the extraction and description of objects moving within image sequences.
Watermarking H.264/AVC by Modifying DC Coefficients (2009)

This paper proposes a novel method of embedding a watermark in H.264 AVC video coding standard. The proposed method works in the transform domain by embedding the watermark in the residual DC values of the 4 times 4 intra-prediction blocks. The DC values that are to contain a watermark bit are chosen randomly. The set of random values that are used to select the DC values are considered to be a ldquokeyrdquo. This key is made available at the receiver side in order to extract the watermark. Experimental results show that the technique is transparent with minimal effect on the host video sequence. Further, since only the DC coefficients are utilized to contain the watermark, the embedded watermark is resistant to compression.
A Survey of Light Source Detection Methods (2003)

This paper provides an overview of the most prominent techniques for light source detection. The main goal of light source detection is to recover the location and intensity of light sources given a single image of a scene. The light source need not be visible in the image for most of the methods discussed in this paper. Twelve methods are examined starting with Ullman’s approach from 1975. Since then, a variety of techniques have been developed. Many of them are based on a number of assumptions that simplify the analysis. None of the current techniques are powerful enough to be used in any situation. For this reason a comparison of the approaches is also provided identifying the beneflts of each individual method.
Management Control (2nd Edition) (1982)

The behavioural aspects of management organisation are then included, before a major portion of the book that dealing with control processes and the reactions between controllers and the operations they affect is reached. Close analogies between the utilisation of electrical/mechanical controls and the inter-related responses of executives and others in charge of routines and processes are developed, using first, logical operators and later, Boolean algebra as the principal operands.
Controlled cycling extraction: Part i. performance of an experimental column (1971)

Abstract A 4‐in. diameter controlled cycling extractor using dual flow sieve trays was built and operated successfully on the test system water‐acetic acid‐methyl isobutyl ketone at realistic concentration levels and solute transfer in both directions. The most important parameters of industrial importance, the capacity and efficiency of the column, were studied in detail. Comparisons made with conventional operation show that the efficiency is at least 100% better, and capacity increases of 50% over the flooding point (in conventional operation) or higher are easily obtained. The practical and economic aspects of column operation are discussed. A transient model for a controlled cycling (CC) extractor using the concept of mixing stages was developed. The model predicts the increases in efficiency observed experimentally, and also gives an insight into the control aspects of the CC extractor.
Behavior of Sustained High-Current Arcs on Molten Alloy Electrodes during Vacuum Consumable Arc Remelting (1983)

Vacuum consumable arc remelting is a casting process carried out in a vacuum with the aim of remelting the consumable electrode in such a way that the new ingot has improved chemical and physical homogeneity. The power which causes the melting is supplied by a vacuum arc burning between the electrodes. In order to determine the furnace partitions of electrical power and current, experiments were conducted on molten-faced round electrodes. The quasi-steady melt rate was determined for both horizontally opposed 15-cm-diameter Ni electrodes and for vertically suspended 40-cm-diameter Inconel 718 electrodes. The cathode thermal power is directly proportional to the melt rate which, for the horizontally opposed electrode experiment, agrees to within 10 percent with the Ni breaker switch calorimetry measurements and with predictions from retarded potential analyzer plasma data. However, for the vertically suspended electrode experiments, the measured thermal power at the cathode is 50 percent higher than for nickel. When CO is introduced into the vertical alloy electrode system and electrode gap is increased, the cathode thermal power is reduced by approximately 50 percent. Furthermore, the electrode position measurements and observation of the ingot surface suggest that a concentrated arc is formed under these conditions.
LRP (2015)

Understanding the link patterns of networks is important for many tasks in link mining such as link prediction, friend recommendation, community detection and network evolution models. Recently, more and more models based on directed networks are present to formulate the underlying networks in various applications. However, most existing studies of link analysis are focused only in the undirected settings. In this paper, a theory of link formation named as Local Relative Position Theory (LRP) is proposed by analyzing the local structures to reveal the microscopic organizing principles of directed networks. Then a corresponding link prediction algorithm is proposed combing with existing microscopic mechanisms. Extensive experiments were applied on real world directed networks and the results testified the effectiveness of our link formation theory.
Latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty in the treatment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. (1990)

Stimulated skeletal muscle grafts have been proposed as a means to reinforce ventricular wall in the treatment of severe myocardial failure. Latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty was performed in 11 patients with advanced heart failure due to cardiomyopathy who were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV despite maximal medical therapy. There were no operative deaths. Eight patients were followed for a mean of 10.8 months. Two patients remain in muscle conditioning protocol. One patient died with latissimus dorsi ischemia and congestive heart failure. Four of the eight patients in long-term follow-up are in NYHA class I, three in class II, and one in class III. At 3 months of follow-up, rest radioisotopic left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 20.5 +/- 3.6% to 26.8 +/- 8.1% (p less than 0.01). Doppler-echocardiography demonstrated that left ventricular segmental wall shortening improved from 11.3 +/- 2.5% to 16.5 +/- 3.9% (p less than 0.01) and left ventricular stroke volume from 22.9 +/- 4.6 to 33.1 +/- 10 ml (p less than 0.01). Cardiopulmonary exercise test showed that maximal oxygen consumption during treadmill test increased from 14.8 +/- 3.7 to 18.2 +/- 3.3 ml/kg.min (p less than 0.05). At 6 months of follow-up, all the above values remained essentially unchanged. Furthermore, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was abolished without specific medical therapy in four patients. Thus, cardiomyoplasty improves left ventricular function, reverses congestive heart failure, and may improve long-term survival in severe cardiomyopathies.
Involvement of Transmembrane Domain Interactions in Signal Transduction by α/β Integrins (2004)

The alpha and beta subunits of alpha/beta heterodimeric integrins function together to bind ligands in the extracellular region and transduce signals across cellular membranes. A possible function for the transmembrane regions in integrin signaling has been proposed from structural and computational data. We have analyzed the capacity of the integrin alpha(2), alpha(IIb), alpha(4), beta(1), beta(3), and beta(7) transmembrane domains to form homodimers and/or heterodimers. Our data suggest that the integrin transmembrane helices can help to stabilize heterodimeric integrins but that the interactions do not specifically associate particular pairs of alpha and beta subunits; rather, the alpha/beta subunit interaction constrains the extramembranous domains, facilitating signal transduction by a promiscuous transmembrane helix-helix association.
Polypropylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blends: Morphology, crystal structure, optical, and mechanical properties (2008)

Abstract The morphology, crystal structure, crystallization behavior, optical, and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blended with metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) and Ziegler–Natta linear low‐density polyethylene (zLLDPE), with and without nucleating agents, were investigated. The correlation between the structures and optical properties was investigated. The addition of linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPEs), nucleating agents, and poly(ethylene‐ co ‐octene) (POE) had little influence on the crystal form of the iPP. The growth along the b axis was favorable in the presence of nucleating agents and LLDPEs. The LLDPEs led to much finer crystal morphologies, and the nucleating agents further prohibited spherulite formation; consequently, light scattering from the bulk crystalline structure was reduced. In all blends, biphase morphology was observed, and POE could improve the adhesion between the iPP and mLLDPE. After blending with LLDPEs, the haze and stiffness decreased, and the gloss increased. mLLDPE enhanced the toughness whereas zLLDPE had a slight influence on it. The nucleating agents decreased the haze, increased the gloss more, and ameliorated the stiffness; however, they changed the toughness little. POE increased the toughness of the blend significantly, accompanied by a much lower haze, higher gloss, and almost the same stiffness. When the concentration of 1,3 : 2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethyl‐benzylidene sorbitol) exceeded 0.25 wt %, the optical properties and mechanical properties leveled off. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Should Government Promote Design?<i>A Design Initiative for Economic Growth</i> (1993)

UNLIKE SOME OTHER major industrial powers—Japan and Germany, for instance—the US has never developed a national program for exploiting the economic potential of design excellence. After reviewing the history related to this state of affairs, William Hannon proposes a design‐promotion model, based on the Department of Agriculture's Cooperative Extension System, that could serve the diverse, and more region‐sensitive, design‐management needs of American industries and businesses.
Patterns of Recurrence After Surgery Alone Versus Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery in the CROSS Trials (2014)

Preoperative CRT in patients with esophageal cancer reduced LRR and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Recurrence within the radiation target volume occurred in only 5%, mostly combined with outfield failures.
Configural association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory, and amnesia (1989)

It is proposed that the hippocampal formation makes a unique contribution to memory by providing the neural basis for the initial acquisition and storage of configural associations among events. A distinction is made between two kinds of memory processes: a simple associative process, which does not depend on the hippocampal formation, and a configural associative process, which does. The simple associative system records the organism’s experiences as changes in the strength of associations between elementary stimulus events. The configural associative system combines the representations of elementary stimulus events to construct unique representations and allows for the formation of associations between these configural representations and other elementary representations. In the present paper, the results of two experiments designed to test predictions of our theory are described. We then illustrate how the theory can be applied to explain a wide range of impairments that have been observed when learning and memory tasks have been employed to assess the effect of hippocampal formation damage. These include tasks that measure place learning, recognition memory, latent inhibition, serial-compound conditioning, discrimination-reversal learning, and stimulus-selection processes. The relationship of our position to some other views of hippocampal function is discussed, and we conclude with suggestions for future research.
Analysis of antioxidant prenylflavonoids in different parts of Macaranga tanarius, the plant origin of Okinawan propolis (2014)

We found that different parts of M. tanarius contained antioxidant prenylflavonoids. In particular, not only the glandular trichome but also the leaf contained prenylflavonoids, which indicated that M. tanarius may be developed as a functional plant, because the leaves of this plant can be easily collected.
Standard-Compliant Multiview Video Coding and Streaming for Virtual Reality Applications (2016)

Virtual reality (VR) systems employ multiview cameras or camera rigs to capture a scene from the entire 360-degree perspective. Due to computational or latency constraints, it might not be possible to stitch multiview videos into a single video sequence prior to encoding. In this paper we investigate the coding and streaming of multiview VR video content. We present a standard-compliant method where we first divide the camera views into two types: Primary views represent a subset of camera views with lower resolution and non-overlapping (minimally overlapping) content which cover the entire 360-degree field-of-view to guarantee immediate monoscopic viewing during very rapid head movements. Auxiliary views consist of remaining camera views with higher resolution which produce overlapping content with the primary views and are additionally used for stereoscopic viewing. Based on this categorization, we propose a coding arrangement in which, the primary views are independently coded in the base layer and the additional auxiliary views are coded as an enhancement layer, using inter-layer prediction from primary views. The proposed system not only meets the low latency requirements of VR systems, but also conforms to the existing multilayer extensions of the High Efficiency Video Coding standard. Simulation results show that the coding and streaming performance of the proposed scheme is significantly improved compared to earlier methods.