gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Improving and Standardizing Vascular Research on Arterial Stiffness (2015)

M uch has been published in the past 20 years on the use of measurements of arterial stiffness in animal and human research studies. This summary statement was commissioned by the American Heart Association to address issues concerning the nomenclature, methodologies, utility, limitations, and gaps in knowledge in this rapidly evolving field. The following represents an executive version of the larger online-only Data Supplement and is intended to give the reader a sense of why arterial stiffness is important, how it is measured, the situations in which it has been useful, its limitations, and questions that remain to be addressed in this field. Throughout the document, pulse-wave velocity (PWV; measured in meters per second) and variations such as carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV; measured in meters per second) are used. PWV without modification is used in the general sense of arterial stiffness. The addition of lowercase modifiers such as "cf" is used when speaking of specific segments of the arterial circulation.
Human adenovirus type 9-induced rat mammary tumors (1991)

Following subcutaneous inoculation of newborn Wistar-Furth rats with human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9), 16 of 16 female and 0 of 11 male rats developed mammary tumors. Tumor-positive animals usually developed tumors in multiple glands. Histopathological analyses indicated that three general categories of tumor could be identified. Mammary fibroadenomas were the most common tumor type encountered, but phyllodeslike tumors and solid sarcomas were also frequently found. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques established that benign fibroadenomas were derived from mammary fibroblasts (collagen type I- and vimentin-positive cells) and that malignant tumors were derived from myoepithelial cells (collagen type IV-, vimentin-, and muscle-specific actin-positive cells). The fact that mammary tumors were limited to female rats suggested that female hormones are essential for tumor growth and development. In this regard, ovariectomy of Ad9-infected female rats prevented tumor development, while subsequent diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment elicited tumor formation. In addition, Ad9-infected and castrated male rats which received DES also developed mammary tumors. Established male mammary tumors regressed when DES treatment was stopped and reappeared after DES treatment was resumed. Together, these results indicate that estrogen is required for both initiation and maintenance of Ad9-induced mammary tumors. Southern blot analysis of high-molecular-weight tumor DNA showed that mammary tumor cells contained single or multiple integrated copies of the entire Ad9 genome. RNase protection experiments established that estrogen receptor as well as Ad9 E1a and E4 mRNAs were expressed in mammary tumors, but Ad9 E3 and, surprisingly, E1b mRNAs were not expressed at detectable levels.
InP crystal growth on planar SiO2 substrates (1985)

Orientation-controlled InP microcrystals are grown on planar SiO2 substrates by reacting molten In thin films with vaporized phosphorus in a closed system. Indium phosphide crystals having a (111) texture of about 7 μm in size, grow at the periphery of the In islands when the substrate is heated at 500 °C under a phosphorus vaporizing temperature of 330 °C. When the In thin films are triangularly patterned, the in-plane 〈110〉 crystal direction is aligned parallel to the pattern edges by the capillary force effect between the In liquid and InP crystal.
Long-optical-path scanning mechanism for optical coherence tomography (2003)

A new scanning mechanism for changing long optical paths is proposed. This mechanism consists of corner reflectors arranged equally upon a disk and an outer mirror. Rotating the 120-mm disk causes a long-optical-path change in each reflector with a near linearity of more than 40 mm. An optical coherence tomography system is described that confirms the usefulness of the proposed mechanism. Its operating characteristics and accuracy are evaluated by analysis and experiment. The deviation of the optical-path change is less than 1.52% at a reflector rotation angle of +/-10 degrees. A high-speed lock-in amplifier is utilized for fundamental measurements of glass samples.
Locus-specific and activity-independent gene repositioning during early tumorigenesis (2008)

The mammalian genome is highly organized within the cell nucleus. The nuclear position of many genes and genomic regions changes during physiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and disease. It is unclear whether disease-associated positioning changes occur specifically or are part of more global genome reorganization events. Here, we have analyzed the spatial position of a defined set of cancer-associated genes in an established mammary epithelial three-dimensional cell culture model of the early stages of breast cancer. We find that the genome is globally reorganized during normal and tumorigenic epithelial differentiation. Systematic mapping of changes in spatial positioning of cancer-associated genes reveals gene-specific positioning behavior and we identify several genes that are specifically repositioned during tumorigenesis. Alterations of spatial positioning patterns during differentiation and tumorigenesis were unrelated to gene activity. Our results demonstrate the existence of activity-independent genome repositioning events in the early stages of tumor formation.
Phonetic categorization in auditory word perception. (1980)

To investigate the interaction in speech perception of auditory information and lexical knowledge (in particular, knowledge of which phonetic sequences are words), acoustic continua varying in voice onset time were constructed so that for each acoustic continuum, one of the two possible phonetic categorizations made a word and the other did not. For example, one continuum ranged between the word dash and the nonword tash; another used the nonword dask and the word task. In two experiments, subjects showed a significant lexical effect--that is, a tendency to make phonetic categorizations that make words. This lexical effect was greater at the phoneme boundary (where auditory information is ambiguous) than at the ends of the condinua. Hence the lexical effect must arise at a stage of processing sensitive to both lexical knowledge and auditory information.
New Approach for Calculating Position Domain Integrity Risk for Cycle Resolution in Carrier Phase Navigation Systems (2010)

A new theoretical approach is described to quantify position-domain integrity risk for cycle ambiguity resolution problems in satellite-based navigation systems. It is typically conservatively assumed that all incorrectly fixed cycle ambiguities cause hazardously large position errors. While simple and practical, this conservative assumption can unnecessarily limit navigation availability for applications with stringent requirements for accuracy and integrity. In response, a new method for calculating the integrity risk for carrier phase navigation algorithms is developed. In this method we evaluate the impact of incorrect fixes in the position domain and define tight upper bounds on the resulting navigation integrity risk. Furthermore, a mechanism to implement this method with partially-fixed cycle ambiguity vectors is also derived. The improvement in navigation availability using the new method is quantified through covariance analysis performed over a range of error model parameters.
Maximum likelihood estimation in convex hull models (1990)

Abstract In this paper we consider models involving the convex hull operation of the parameter and the noise i.e. Yi = CH(A, XX). Then we generalize the basic models to ANOVA models; i.e. Yij=CH(A∪Bj,Xij). In some cases the consistent estimators for the J U new parameters are derived. Assuming the existence of density forrandom convex sets, we derive the likelihood for the convex hull model. We then find the maximum Likelihood Estimators for the parameters. Examples for some random convex sets with finite dimensional distributions are derived to show how good these estimators are. Keywords: Random convex setsconvex hullmaximum likelihood
THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZYL IODIDES<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZYL IODIDES1GUIDO H. DAUB and RAYMOND N. CASTLECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 10, 1571–1574Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01375a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01375a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inference of Reversible Languages (1982)

A famdy of efficient algorithms for referring certain subclasses of the regular languages from fmtte posttwe samples is presented These subclasses are the k-reversible languages, for k = 0, 1, 2, .... For each k there is an algorithm for finding the smallest k-reversible language containing any fimte posluve sample. It ts shown how to use this algorithm to do correct identification m the ILmlt of the kreversible languages from posmve data A reversible language is one that Is k-reverstble for some k __ 0. An efficient algonthrn is presented for mfernng reversible languages from posmve and negative examples, and it is shown that it leads to correct identification m the hmlt of the class of reversible languages. Numerous examples are gtven to dlustrate the algorithms and their behawor Categories and
Multi-Agent Meeting Scheduling: Preliminary Experimental Results (1996)

We view meeting scheduling as a distributed task where each agent knows its user&apos;s preferences and calendar availability in order to act on behalf of its user. Although we may have some intuitions about how some parameters could affect the meeting scheduling efficiency and meeting quality, we run several experiments in order to explore the tradeoffs between different parameters. Our experiments show how the calendar and preference privacy affect the efficiency and the meeting joint quality under different experimental scenarios. The results show how the meeting scheduling performance is more stable and constant when agents try to keep their calendar and preference information private. We believe that these parameters play a key role in the distributed meeting scheduling task, specially if we are interested in building distributed systems with truly autonomous and independent agents where there is not a fixed control agent. Introduction In our daily life, meeting scheduling is a natura...
Current Perspectives and Potential of Probiotics to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter in Poultry (2020)

Poultry has been one of the major contributors of <i>Campylobacter</i> related human foodborne illness. Numerous interventions have been applied to limit <i>Campylobacter</i> colonization in poultry at the farm level, but other strategies are under investigation to achieve more efficient control. Probiotics are viable microbial cultures that can establish in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the host animal and elicit health and nutrition benefits. In addition, the early establishment of probiotics in the GIT can serve as a barrier to foodborne pathogen colonization. Thus, probiotics are a potential feed additive for reducing and eliminating the colonization of <i>Campylobacter</i> in the GIT of poultry. Screening probiotic candidates is laborious and time-consuming, requiring several tests and validations both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The selected probiotic candidate should possess the desired physiological characteristics and anti-<i>Campylobacter</i> effects. Probiotics that limit <i>Campylobacter</i> colonization in the GIT rely on different mechanistic strategies such as competitive exclusion, antagonism, and immunomodulation. Although numerous research efforts have been made, the application of <i>Campylobacter</i> limiting probiotics used in poultry remains somewhat elusive. This review summarizes current research progress on identifying and developing probiotics against <i>Campylobacter</i> and presenting possible directions for future research efforts.
Multipath-rejecting GPS antennas (1999)

Multipath interference limits the speed and accuracy of determining position by differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) techniques. A geodetic surveyor for example, requires multipath interference rejection of about 36+20log/sub 10/sin/spl epsiv/ dB, where /spl epsiv/ is the elevation angle of the satellite being observed. Signal processing in a GPS receiver cannot satisfy this requirement. A receiving antenna is required that can sufficiently reject signals arriving from below the horizon. Available antennas have inadequate rejection, and brute-force methods of improving them, e.g., by enlarging their ground-planes, are impractical. A compact, ground-planeless, dual-band GPS antenna with improved multipath rejection has been designed and field-tested. This antenna resembles a vertical post rather than a horizontal platter; within its 0.1-m diameter, 0.4-m tall randome is a vertical array of turnstile elements. In field tests, a three-element array antenna rejected multipath better than a 0.5-m diameter ground-plane antenna by an average of 5 dB. A five-element array antenna appears superior to a 0.9-m diameter ground-plane antenna.
Distance education and on-line universities (2002)

Focuses on distance education in general, and online universities in particular. It argues that online universities have to cooperate with commercial service providers to disseminate lectures to a wide audience, and that this cooperation requires new techniques with regard to the registration, validation and certification of the parties involved, such as professors, service providers and students. As a possible solution, the paper also proposes an extension of a technique named DiRK (Distributed Registration and Key distribution) that has been proposed previously. The technique can be used in a conferencing system, e.g. the Internet Multicast Backbone (MBone), to handle participants' registration, validation and key distribution in a decentralized and fully distributed way. DiRK is being prototyped in a session registration tool (SRT) for the MBone, and the SRT will serve as a starting-point to develop similar tools that can be used in distance education to set up and run online universities.
Laser drilling of blind holes in FR4/glass (1998)

In the last two years, laser drilled microvias have become the dominant method for producing blind vias smaller than 150 mm, with over 100 laser drilling machines with a variety of laser types installed worldwide. Only a few of these systems have been qualified for drilling blind holes in standard glass reinforced FR4. Details a production line at Siemens AUT LP in Karlsruhe, Germany, involving the successful evaluation, introduction, and full production of laser drilling of FR4/glass. An ESI 5100 with Ultraviolet Nd:YAG laser operating at 355nm was chosen for all copper structuring and all microvias less than 150 mm in diameter in thin materials, and a TEA CO2 laser was chosen for thicker constructions, where at least 250 mm holes were required. Production has been running since November 1996. Details the process modifications, design rules, qualified materials, reliability tests, and production experiences.
Dynamic data flow analysis of C programs (2003)

A description of a dynamic data-flow analysis method for C programs is given. The method extends the work of J.C. Huang (IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol.SE-5, no.3, p.226, 236, 1979) to array elements, struct variables, pointers, and dynamic variables. A different approach is used for the analysis of subroutines. For most kinds of variables, a full set of operations is permitted, and for pointer variables, pointer arithmetic, and pointer-array notation interchanging is allowed. The method can be used as the basis for a tool for detecting anomalies in C programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed Design of RFID Network for Large-Scale RFID Deployment (2006)

It is no doubt that RFID technology is of very widespread applications. With RFID deployment scales-up, its application becomes more and more network-centric. The design of RFID network hence plays a critical role for successfully deploying large-scale applications. This is especially true when the tagged object is on item-level. This paper discusses issues that should be considered in design of RFID network; analyzes the potential impacts of different RFID network design on the existing enterprise network; presents a distributed design of RFID network for large-scale deployment. The paper also quantifies packet size of RFID data based on EPC serialized number; analyzes bandwidth requirement of RFID traffic for the diversified number of readers to illustrate the necessity of the distributed design, which authors believe are helpful for the earlier adopters of RFID technology, and may ignite more researchers and pioneering practitioners involving R&D along this direction. As a case study, the paper presents a cost-effective, sound and efficient RFID network design for retail.
Determination of blood glucose using an oxidase-peroxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen (1969)

Manual and automated methods for the determination of blood glucose have been devised using an oxidase/peroxidase system, with dl adrenaline, a non-carcinogen, as oxygen acceptor. The manual technique employs a stable single solution protein precipitant and the other reagents used are also stable. The automated methods are operated at 40/hr sample speed and washover between samples, over a very wide concentration range, is negligible.
Luminescent Ionic Transition‐Metal Complexes for Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (2012)

Higher efficiency in the end-use of energy requires substantial progress in lighting concepts. All the technologies under development are based on solid-state electroluminescent materials and belong to the general area of solid-state lighting (SSL). The two main technologies being developed in SSL are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but in recent years, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have emerged as an alternative option. The luminescent materials in LECs are either luminescent polymers together with ionic salts or ionic species, such as ionic transition-metal complexes (iTMCs). Cyclometalated complexes of Ir(III) are by far the most utilized class of iTMCs in LECs. Herein, we show how these complexes can be prepared and discuss their unique electronic, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Finally, the progress in the performance of iTMCs based LECs, in terms of turn-on time, stability, efficiency, and color is presented.
Performing mathematical operations using high-index acoustic metamaterials (2018)

The recent breakthrough in metamaterial-based optical computing devices (2014 Science 343 160) has inspired a quest for similar systems in acoustics, performing mathematical operations on sound waves. So far, acoustic analog computing has been demonstrated using thin planar metamaterials, carrying out the operator of choice in Fourier domain. These so-called filtering metasurfaces, however, are always accompanied with additional Fourier transform sub-blocks, enlarging the computing system and preventing its applicability in miniaturized architectures. Here, employing a simple high-index acoustic slab waveguide, we propose a highly compact and potentially integrable acoustic computing system and demonstrate its proper functioning by numerical simulations. The system directly performs mathematical operation in spatial domain and is therefore free of any Fourier bulk lens. Such compact computing system is highly promising for various applications including high throughput image processing, ultrafast equation solving, and real time signal processing.
Liquid Chromatographic Assay for the Separation of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA by Using Uv and UV Diode-Array Detectors and Hydroxylapatite Column (1995)

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, using UV and UV diodearray (DA) detection, is reported for the separation of single-stranded (s.s.) and double-stranded (d.s.) DNA molecules. Commercially available calf thymus DNA was used as the standard, to develop and optimize necessary analytical procedures and chromatographic parameters. Bio-Gel® hydroxylapatite was used as the column packing and the sorbed polynucleotides on the column matrix were separated by using an ionic strength gradient system consisting of phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. The stationary phase was stable and proved sufficiently reliable in the separation and resolution of s.s. and d.s. DNA molecules in the standard. Pointedly, the DA detector was more sensitive to the analytes than the UV detector. The response of both detectors was higher for the s.s. DNA compared to the d.s. DNA. Minimum quantification limits (MQL) for the s.s. DNA molecules by the DA and UV detectors were, respectively, 0.10 and 0.50 μ. in 10 μ injections. The corresponding value for the d.s. DNA, using both detectors, was 1.0 μ. The plot log (μ of DNA) vs absorbance (mAU) was linear for the d.s. DNA. The MQL, using both detectors, was 0.10 μ in 10 μ injection volume. Extension of the method to separate the viral DNA molecules showed some promise. However, problems associated with sample purity and homogeneity, peak characterization, quantification of the analytes etc. were encountered and these drawbacks are discussed.