gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multipath congestion control in content-centric networks (2013)

Data communication across the Internet has significantly changed under the pressure of massive content delivery. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) rethinks Internet communication paradigm around named data retrieval, in contrast with the host-to-host transport model of TCP/IP. Content retrieval is natively pull-based driven by user requests, point-to-multipoint and intrinsically coupled with the availability of network storage. By leveraging the key features of CCN transport, in this paper we propose for the first time a congestion control mechanism realizing efficient multipath communication over content-centric networks. Our proposal is based on a Remote Adaptive Active Queue Management (RAAQM) at the receiver that performs a per-route control of bottleneck queues along the paths. We analyze the stability of the proposed solution and assess its performance by means of CCN packet-level simulations under random and optimal route selection.
Vibration Control of Elastic Systems (1988)

The feedback controllers for the active vibration control of elastic systems are developed using optimal regulator, optimal tracking, time optimal and noise observer algorithms. Using the modal analysis of the elastic systems, the effects of the actuator positions, the input weighting factor and the magnitude of the constraint of the actuator force are investigated.
Exclusionary Eminent Domain (2009)

This article explores the phenomenon of “exclusionary eminent domain”—the exercise of eminent domain that has the effect of excluding low-income households from an otherwise predominantly or entirely middle-class or wealthy neighborhood or locality—and assesses the case for a new state constitutional law doctrine limiting exclusionary eminent domain. An exclusionary eminent domain doctrine would be rooted in the public use clauses of state constitutions, and would result in the application of heightened review to the condemnations of low-income housing in a locality or neighborhood that otherwise has less than its fair share of such housing. An exclusionary eminent domain doctrine would promote full cost internalization by condemning localities, and hence deter excessive condemnations of low-income households and tend to reduce social costs from concentrated poverty.
Hydrophobic cell wall protein glycosylation by the pathogenic fungus <i>Candida albicans</i> (1994)

Cell surface hydrophobicity influences adhesion and virulence of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Previous studies have shown that cell surface hydrophobicity is due to specific proteins that are exposed on hydrophobic cells but are masked by long fibrils on hydrophilic cells. This observation suggests that hydrophobic cell wall proteins may contain little or no mannosylation. In the present study, the glycosylation levels of three hydrophobic cell wall proteins (molecular mass range between 36 and 40 kDa) derived from yeast cells were examined. One hydrophilic protein (90 kDa) was also tested. Various endoglycosidases (endoglycosidase F-N-glycosidase F, O-glycosidase, beta-mannosidase, N-glycosidase F), an exoglycosidase (alpha-mannosidase), and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid were used to deglycosylate the proteins. All four proteins were reactive to the lectin concanavalin A, demonstrating that they were mannoproteins. However, gel electrophoresis of the control and treated proteins revealed that mannosyl groups of hydrophobic proteins were less than 2 kDa in size, while the mannosyl group of the hydrophilic protein had a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. These results suggest that unlike many hydrophilic proteins, hydrophobic proteins may have low levels of glycosylation. Changes in glycosylation may determine exposure of hydrophobic protein regions at the cell surface.
Motion planning under uncertainty using iterative local optimization in belief space (2012)

We present a new approach to motion planning under sensing and motion uncertainty by computing a locally optimal solution to a continuous partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Our approach represents beliefs (the distributions of the robot’s state estimate) by Gaussian distributions and is applicable to robot systems with non-linear dynamics and observation models. The method follows the general POMDP solution framework in which we approximate the belief dynamics using an extended Kalman filter and represent the value function by a quadratic function that is valid in the vicinity of a nominal trajectory through belief space. Using a belief space variant of iterative LQG (iLQG), our approach iterates with second-order convergence towards a linear control policy over the belief space that is locally optimal with respect to a user-defined cost function. Unlike previous work, our approach does not assume maximum-likelihood observations, does not assume fixed estimator or control gains, takes into account obstacles in the environment, and does not require discretization of the state and action spaces. The running time of the algorithm is polynomial (O[n 6 ]) in the dimension n of the state space. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in simulation for holonomic and non-holonomic robots maneuvering through environments with obstacles with noisy and partial sensing and with non-linear dynamics and observation models.
Textural guidance cues for controlling process outgrowth of mammalian neurons (2008)

We explore textural cues as a mechanism for controlling neuronal process outgrowth in primary cultures of mammalian neurons. The work uses a form of decal transfer lithography to generate arrays of PDMS posts of various dimensions and spacings on glass substrates that are rendered growth-compliant by subsequent treatment with a protein activator. Hippocampal neurons plated on these substrates are used to determine how the posts direct process growth by acting as attachment points or guidance cues. Textural features varying over a large range, even as large as 100 microm in diameter, dramatically affect process growth. Indeed, two growth regimes are observed; at the smaller feature sizes considered, process branching strongly aligns (at right angles) along the post mesh, while neuronal outgrowth on the larger feature sizes elicits process wrapping. The latter behavior most strongly manifests in neurons plated initially at approximately 100 cells/mm(2), where the cells were able to form networks, while for isolated neurons, the cells exhibit poorer viability and development. Bag cell neurons from Aplysia californica also display regular growth patterns, but in this case are guided by contact avoidance of the posts, a behavior qualitatively different than that of the hippocampal neurons.
Fabrication and characterization of platinum nanocrystalline material grown by electron-beam induced deposition (1995)

The technique of electron-beam induced deposition allows three-dimensional structures to be generated on the nanometer scale. This is achieved in a scanning electron microscope equipped with a lithography attachment that enables separate position and time control for every pixel. By decomposing adsorbed molecules with the electron beam, structures are created on arbitrarily chosen substrates with nm precision under computer control. Deposits containing metallic nanocrystallites can be produced using organometallic precursor materials. The decomposition of cyclopentadienylplatinum (IV)-trimethyl (CpPtMe3) results in platinum single crystals with a 2 nm diameter embedded in a carbon-containing amorphous matrix. The metal content of deposits can be adjusted by choosing an appropriate acceleration voltage and beam current for deposition. The growth rate of deposits from CpPtMe3 is superior to that of frequently used organogold compounds. Tips can be deposited with growth rates up to 150 nm/s. This property is in favor of a higher throughput for nanofabrication. The deposition cross section for this precursor molecule is estimated at 1×10−16 cm2. The electrical resistivity of material deposited at room temperature is measured by a two-point technique and amounts to 1–100 Ω cm depending on the current employed for deposition. The technique is applied to generate fields of dot marks visible in the optical microscope for metrology purposes. These dot arrays can be fabricated on the surface of finished three-dimensional structures without additional treatments like resist deposition or development.
A Data-Driven Algorithm Integrating Clinical and Laboratory Features for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2014)

http://translationalmedicine.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/NEC/index.pl and smartphone application upon request.
Myocardial Bridging on MDCT (2007)

MDCT is an effective noninvasive method for the diagnosis of myocardial bridging because MDCT can show the length and the depth of the tunneled artery and the diameter and percentage of stenosis in the segments showing myocardial bridging in the systolic and diastolic phases. Moreover, MDCT is efficient in showing the presence of other coronary artery, myocardial, epicardial, and neighboring thoracic abnormalities.
Distinguishing influence-based contagion from homophily-driven diffusion in dynamic networks (2009)

Node characteristics and behaviors are often correlated with the structure of social networks over time. While evidence of this type of assortative mixing and temporal clustering of behaviors among linked nodes is used to support claims of peer influence and social contagion in networks, homophily may also explain such evidence. Here we develop a dynamic matched sample estimation framework to distinguish influence and homophily effects in dynamic networks, and we apply this framework to a global instant messaging network of 27.4 million users, using data on the day-by-day adoption of a mobile service application and users' longitudinal behavioral, demographic, and geographic data. We find that previous methods overestimate peer influence in product adoption decisions in this network by 300-700%, and that homophily explains >50% of the perceived behavioral contagion. These findings and methods are essential to both our understanding of the mechanisms that drive contagions in networks and our knowledge of how to propagate or combat them in domains as diverse as epidemiology, marketing, development economics, and public health.
Leveraging Cloud Computing in Geodatabase Management (2010)

In this work, we leverage Cloud computing technologies in scaling out data management in geographical databases. In particular, we tackle the issue of data indexing in parallel. First, spatial data is partitioned and indexed in a Hadoop MapReduce cluster. Two main partitioning strategies are evaluated: a) A linear-complexity method based on Zorder values, and b) An iterative algorithm based on X-means clustering. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are weighted in with relation to query performance. Second, interactive queries are processed from a local site using the index data structures built in the Cloud. We perform an experimental study on a real dataset of 110 million spatial objects representing property parcels in the United States. Our results support Cloud computing as an effective technology to cope up with huge datasets and, in particular, MapReduce parallel programming model in easing parallel processing implementations.
Learning robot soccer skills from demonstration (2007)

We seek to enable users to teach personal robots arbitrary tasks so that the robot can better perform as the user desires without explicit programming. Robot learning from demonstration is an approach well-suited to this paradigm, as a robot learns new tasks from observations of the task itself. Many current robot learning algorithms require the existence of basic behaviors that can be combined to perform the desired task. However, robots that exist in the world for long timeframes and learn many tasks over their lifetime may exhaust this basis set and need to move beyond it. In particular, we are interested in a robot that must learn to perform an unknown task for which its built in behaviors may not be appropriate. We demonstrate a learning paradigm that is capable of learning both low-level motion primitives (locomotion and manipulation) and high-level tasks built on top of them from interactive demonstration. We apply nonparametric regression within this framework towards learning a complete robot soccer player and successfully teach a robot dog to first walk, and then to seek and acquire a ball.
Effects of the Mycelial Extract of Cultured Cordyceps Sinensis on In Vivo Hepatic Energy Metabolism in the Mouse (1996)

Mice were given the extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) (200 mg/kg daily, p.o.) for 3 weeks. In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the liver were acquired at weekly intervals using a surface coil. From 1 to 3 weeks, a consistent increase in the ATP/inorganic phosphate ratio, which represents the high energy state, was observed in the Cs extract-treated mice. The intracellular pH of the Cs extract-treated mice was not significantly different from that of the control mice. No steatosis, necrosis, inflammation or fibrosis were observed in the liver specimens from Cs extract-treated mice.
REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH IN NANO CELLULOSE PREPARATION FROM DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC FIBERS (2014)

Lignocellulosic fibers have become the focus of intense interest in recent years. They have attracted the attention of scientists and technologies worldwide because of their tremen- dous advantages and now it is possible to isolate cellulose nanofibrils and nanowhiskers from various lignocellulosic wastes. Studies in this area have shown that both cellulose nanofibrils and nanowhiskers could be used as reinforcing fillers to improve mechanical and barrier prop- erties of different types of polymer systems which include rubbers, thermoplastics and thermo- sets. This review paper provides an overview of recent progress made in the area of nanocellulose and nanowhiskers preparation from various natural fibers. A thorough review of the various techniques being currently used for the isolation of cellulose nanofibers and nanowhiskers has been presented. Finally, the emerging applications of these materials in various fields including nanocomposite preparation have been presented.
Requirement of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase for epithelial cell migration activated by human macrophage stimulating protein. (1996)

Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a ligand for the RON receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Activation of RON in murine resident macrophages results in cell shape change and migration. We studied cell movement induced by MSP in different types of human epithelial cells and the possible role of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase in RON-mediated signal transduction. We observed specific and saturable binding of 125I-MSP to RON on several epithelial cell lines. In addition to activation and phosphorylation of RON, MSP also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the PI-3 kinase p85 subunit in a time-dependent manner, with a peak at 15 min. Moreover, phosphorylated RON formed a complex with PI-3 kinase in both HK-NOC keratinocyte and RON cDNA-transfected MDCK cells. An in vitro protein interaction assay confirmed that PI-3 kinase from a lysate of MSP-activated cells bound to pure RON protein. MSP, at a concentration range of 1 to 5 nM, induced migration of three epithelial cell lines. This effect was inhibited by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor for PI-3 kinase, with an IC50 of 10 nM. MSP-induced shape change in murine resident peritoneal macrophages was also abolished by wortmannin. These data suggest that activation of PI-3 kinase is required for MSP-induced epithelial cell migration. The stimulation by MSP of epithelial cell movement may have implications for tissue repair, wound healing, and tumor metastasis.
Aspirin and Salicylates Inhibit the IL-4- and IL-13-Induced Activation of STAT6 (2002)

Allergic diseases, including asthma, represent a major threat to human health. Over the three last decades, their incidence has risen in western countries. Aspirin treatment has been shown to improve allergic diseases, especially asthma, and the decreased use of aspirin has been hypothesized to contribute to the increase in childhood asthma. Because salicylate compounds suppress a number of enzymatic activities, and signaling through IL-4R participates in the development of allergic responses, we tested the effect of salicylates on IL-4 signal transduction. We found that treatment of cell lines and primary cells with aspirin and salicylates, but not acetaminophen, inhibited the activation of STAT6 by IL-4 and IL-13. This effect correlated with the inhibition of IL-4-induced CD23 expression. Although salicylates inhibited the in vivo activation of Janus kinases, their kinase activity was not affected in vitro by salicylates, suggesting that other kinases were involved in IL-4-induced STAT6 activation. Furthermore, we found that an Src kinase was involved in STAT6 activation because 1) Src kinase activity was induced by IL-4, 2) Src kinase activity, but not Janus kinase, was inhibited by salicylates in vitro, 3) cells expressing viral Src had constitutive STAT6 phosphorylation, and 4) cells lacking Src showed low STAT6 phosphorylation in response to IL-4. Because STAT6 activation by IL-4 and IL-13 participates in the development of allergic diseases, our results provide a mechanism to explain the beneficial effects of aspirin and salicylate treatment of these diseases.
Zinc and zinc ligands in human seminal plasma (1982)

The zinc binding properties of whole human seminal plasma and various fractions of split ejaculates were analysed with gel chromatographic and dialysis methods. The proportion of dialyzable zinc was strongly correlated to the zinc/fructose ratio in the seminal plasma, i.e. correlated to the relative contributions by the prostate and seminal vesicles, respectively. Zinc originates, however, almost entirely from the prostate gland. The non-diffusible zinc ligands thus seemed to originate from the seminal vesicles. This could also be confirmed in experiments with split ejaculates. The high molecular weight (HMW) zinc ligands from the seminal vesicles have also a higher affinity for zinc than the low molecular weight (LMW) ligands from the prostate. A redistribution of zinc therefore takes place after ejaculation. The HMW zinc ligands from the seminal vesicles were found to have an isoelectric point at 6.1-6.7, to be glucoproteins, and to have an apparent molecular weight of 250,000. The possible physiological implications of a redistribution of zinc after the ejaculation is discussed in view of the fact that zinc is of importance for many functional properties of the human spermatozoa.
Reflectance of conducting polypyrrole: Observation of the metal-insulator transition driven by disorder (1995)

By controlling the extent of disorder through electrochemical synthesis at reduced temperatures, conducting polypyrrole (PPy) can be obtained in the metallic regime, in the insulating regime, and in the critical regime of the disorder-induced metal-insulator (M-I) transition. We present the results of reflectance measurements (0.002--6 eV) of PPy carried out at room temperature on the metallic side and on the insulating side of the M-I transition. While the reflectance spectra obtained from samples on both sides of the M-I transition exhibit spectral features expected for a partially filled conduction band, the electronic states near the Fermi energy (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$) are different in the two regimes. The data obtained from metallic samples indicate delocalized electronic wave functions in the conduction band, whereas the spectral features which characterize the insulating regime indicate that the states near ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ are localized. Consistent with theoretical predictions for the metallic and insulating regimes, the optical conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}) and the real part of the dielectric function ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega}) each show different frequency dependences in the far infrared. In the metallic regime \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{1/2}$ for \ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}600 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega}) (>0) increases rapidly as \ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, as described by the ``localization-modified Drude model,'' leading to the conclusion that metallic polypyrrole is a disordered metal near the M-I transition. In contrast, the insulating regime is characterized as a Fermi glass as confirmed by \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{2}$ for \ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}600 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
A study on modes of rock failure under uniaxial compression (2014)

Rock failure is a serious problem in rock engineering. Rock failure modes are complex and difficult. A comprehensive study on rock failure modes at laboratory scale is very important. It helps to recognize the adequacy of the support designed on the basis of the nature of an engineering work. With due need, this paper analyzes the failure modes of rock under uniaxial compression test. The nature of the principal failure mode is changed from axial splitting and shearing along a single plane to multiple fracturing in the case of rock specimens as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) increases. Descriptions of different failure modes under UCS were presented below. It was found rock specimens generally fail through the rock materials in one or more extensional planes of the fracture development in brittle crystalline rock materials. It appears that there are different types of failure and it is for the microscopic discontinuities in rock samples but not for the variations in sample preparation or test process or end boundary conditions. This study makes it possible to determine whether the rock samples failed in tension or failed in shear or in coupling of tension. It is hypothesized that the mode the sample fails affects the strength of rock samples.
Improvement of imaging speed in fluorescent x‐ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation (2002)

Abstract Improving the speed of fluorescent X‐ray CT imaging using synchrotron radiation has been studied from the points of view of the imaging system and the processing algorithm. Regarding the imaging system, high‐speed imaging at 2 seconds per point with a dead time of about 6% has been realized by incorporating an electronic system which operates stably in the high count rate region. In addition, the amounts of computation and memory required have been reduced to about 1/100 of the levels realized up to now by improving the efficiency of the reconstruction algorithm. The quantitative properties of this system have been confirmed by tests with a physical phantom and the iodine distribution has been estimated in in vitro human thyroid images. These results indicate the implementability of in vivo fluorescent X‐ray CT instrumentation. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 33(2): 1–11, 2002
Measurement of Plasma Renin Activity with Use of HPLC-Electrospray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1999)

The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method allows sensitive and specific measurement of PRA. The higher activities measured with the RIA method highlight its potential for overestimation of PRA.