gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabricating Microarrays of Functional Proteins Using Affinity Contact Printing (2002)

Ein Stempel voller Antikörper: Durch Kombination von Affinitätsreinigung und Mikrokontaktdrucken lassen sich parallel in hoher Auflösung Anordnungen von Antikörpern erstellen. Die Reihen mit Dimensionen von 100 bis hinab zu 3 μm werden mit planaren Affinitätsstempeln gebildet, die ihre Muster durch sanfte Lithographietechniken erhalten haben. Die fluoreszenzmikroskopische Aufnahme zeigt Anti-Huhn- und Anti-Ziegen-Antikörper, die auf diese Weise durch einen Stempel auf ein Glassubstrat aufgetragen wurden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.org or from the author. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z18619_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Superconductor bearings, flywheels and transportation (2011)

This paper describes the present status of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and of bulk superconducting magnet devices, their use in bearings, in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) and linear transport magnetic levitation (Maglev) systems. We report and review the concepts of multi-seeded REBCO bulk superconductor fabrication. The multi-grain bulks increase the averaged trapped magnetic flux density up to 40% compared to single-grain assembly in large-scale applications. HTS magnetic bearings with permanent magnet (PM) excitation were studied and scaled up to maximum forces of 10 kN axially and 4.5 kN radially. We examine the technology of the high-gradient magnetic bearing concept and verify it experimentally. A large HTS bearing is tested for stabilizing a 600 kg rotor of a 5 kWh/250 kW flywheel system. The flywheel rotor tests show the requirement for additional damping. Our compact flywheel system is compared with similar HTS–FESS projects. A small-scale compact YBCO bearing with in situ Stirling cryocooler is constructed and investigated for mobile applications. Next we show a successfully developed modular linear Maglev system for magnetic train operation. Each module levitates 0.25t at 10 mm distance during one-day operation without refilling LN2. More than 30 vacuum cryostats containing multi-seeded YBCO blocks are fabricated and are tested now in Germany, China and Brazil.
Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins on growth of <i>Bifidobacterium bifidus</i> in milk (2002)

Abstract The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins in milk using neutrase on the growth of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium bifidus was evaluated by estimation of microbial growth, acidity, viscosity and flavour production. A significant increase in the growth of B bifidus was observed in neutrase‐hydrolysed milk. The setting time of bifidus‐cultured milk was advanced by about 12 h at 5% degree of hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins prior to cultivation also significantly increased the viscosity of the product. An approximately 60% increase in viscosity of the product was observed in neutrase‐hydrolysed milk. Production of steam‐volatile monocarbonyls as an indication of development of flavour was also higher in neutrase‐hydrolysed milk. The concentration of steam‐volatile monocarbonyls was 2.47 µmol per 100 ml in neutrase‐hydrolysed milk but only 1.84 µmol per 100 ml in control milk at the setting point of the curd. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced Nanomaterials in Multimodal Imaging: Design, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications (2010)

The biomedical applications of nanoparticles in molecular imaging, drug delivery, and therapy give rise to the term “nanomedicine” and have led to ever‐growing developments in the past decades. New generation of imaging probes (or contrast agents) and state of the art of various strategies for efficient multimodal molecular imaging have drawn much attention and led to successful preclinical uses. In this context, we intend to elucidate the fundamentals and review recent advances as well as to provide an outlook perspective in these fields.
Using Direct Cache Access Combined with Integrated NIC Architecture to Accelerate Network Processing (2012)

As network speed continues to grow, new challenges of network processing are emerging. In this paper, we first study the overheads and interactions among the different steps of networking from a hardware perspective and point out that I/O and related memory have become the main bottlenecks of performance promotion. Then based on the analysis, we show that conventional optimizing solutions are insufficient due to architecture limitations. Motivated by the studies, we propose an improved Direct Cache Access (DCA) scheme combined with Integrated NIC architecture, which includes innovative architecture, optimized data transfer scheme and improved cache policy. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution improves about 26.3% network bandwidth and reduces 42.8% and 14.3% cycles on average for receiving and transmitting respectively. Also I/O and memory traffics are significantly decreased. Moreover, we investigate the I/O and cache behaviors for network processing and present some conclusions about the DCA method.
Photoconductors Utilized in TV Camera Tubes (1987)

This article surveys the various photoconductors currently used in beam‐scanned and Vidicon‐type television tubes. The chemical, physical, and electronic characteristics of the photoconductors are described, as well as the way they are utilized in the camera tube to produce a television signal. The various materials discussed are selenium, antimony trisulfide, lead oxide, cadmium selenide, zinc cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, and silicon, all of which have been used as the basis for these photoconductors.
Insights into the fine architecture of the active site of chicory fructan 1‐exohydrolase: 1‐kestose as substrate vs sucrose as inhibitor (2007)

* Invertases and fructan exohydrolases (FEHs) fulfil important physiological functions in plants. Sucrose is the typical substrate for invertases and bacterial levansucrases but not for plant FEHs, which are usually inhibited by sucrose. * Here we report on complexes between chicory (Cichorium intybus) 1-FEH IIa with the substrate 1-kestose and the inhibitors sucrose, fructose and 2,5 dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol. Comparisons with other family GH32 and 68 enzyme-substrate complexes revealed that sucrose can bind as a substrate (invertase/levansucrase) or as an inhibitor (1-FEH IIa). * Sucrose acts as inhibitor because the O2 of the glucose moiety forms an H-linkage with the acid-base catalyst E201, inhibiting catalysis. By contrast, the homologous O3 of the internal fructose in the substrate 1-kestose forms an intramolecular H-linkage and does not interfere with the catalytic process. Mutagenesis showed that W82 and S101 are important for binding sucrose as inhibitor. * The physiological implications of the essential differences in the active sites of FEHs and invertases/levansucrases are discussed. Sucrose-inhibited FEHs show a K(i) (inhibition constant) well below physiological sucrose concentrations and could be rapidly activated under carbon deprivation.
An inhibitor of the EGF receptor family blocks myeloma cell growth factor activity of HB-EGF and potentiates dexamethasone or anti–IL-6 antibody-induced apoptosis (2003)

We previously found that some myeloma cell lines express the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) gene. As the proteoglycan syndecan-1 is an HB-EGF coreceptor as well as a hallmark of plasma cell differentiation and a marker of myeloma cells, we studied the role of HB-EGF on myeloma cell growth. The HB-EGF gene was expressed by bone marrow mononuclear cells in 8 of 8 patients with myeloma, particularly by monocytes and stromal cells, but not by purified primary myeloma cells. Six of 9 myeloma cell lines and 9 of 9 purified primary myeloma cells expressed ErbB1 or ErbB4 genes coding for HB-EGF receptor. In the presence of a low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration, HB-EGF stimulated the proliferation of the 6 ErbB1+ or ErbB4+ cell lines, through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT (PI-3K/AKT) pathway. A pan-ErbB inhibitor blocked the myeloma cell growth factor activity and the signaling induced by HB-EGF. This inhibitor induced apoptosis of patients'myeloma cells cultured with their tumor environment. It also increased patients' myeloma cell apoptosis induced by an anti-IL-6 antibody or dexamethasone. The ErbB inhibitor had no effect on the interaction between multiple myeloma cells and stromal cells. It was not toxic for nonmyeloma cells present in patients' bone marrow cultures or for the growth of hematopoietic progenitors. Altogether, these data identify ErbB receptors as putative therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma.
Anticancer treatment of endostatin gene therapy by targeting tumor neovasculature in C57/BL mice. (2000)

Antiangiogenesis strategy has been widely recognized as a viable approach to fight cancer. Considering the high cost and inconvenience of protein therapy of endostatin (ES), which is a potent antiangiogenic protein, we attempted to explore the inhibitory effect of ES gene therapy on tumor growth and metastasis. In this experiment, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing C57/BL mice were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of ES gene therapy and its impairment of tumor neovasculature. The data showed that the ectopic ES in circulation expressed by intramuscular administration of formulated ES-encoding plasmid DNA significantly suppressed primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in LLC-bearing C57/BL mice. Hence, our results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ES gene therapy on angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth and metastasis.
<title>Characteristics of liquid-crystal spatial light modulators with different photosensitive layers</title> (1998)

Light-addressed spatial light modulators with various photosensitive layers have been investigated using both holographic and projection techniques. The ways of reaching the compromise between high resolution and high speed of the device have pointed out.
Generalizing from a few environments in safety-critical reinforcement learning (2019)

Before deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need to be confident they will perform safely in novel situations. Ideally, we would expose agents to a very wide range of situations during training, allowing them to learn about every possible danger, but this is often impractical. This paper investigates safety and generalization from a limited number of training environments in deep reinforcement learning (RL). We find RL algorithms can fail dangerously on unseen test environments even when performing perfectly on training environments. Firstly, in a gridworld setting, we show that catastrophes can be significantly reduced with simple modifications, including ensemble model averaging and the use of a blocking classifier. In the more challenging CoinRun environment we find similar methods do not significantly reduce catastrophes. However, we do find that the uncertainty information from the ensemble is useful for predicting whether a catastrophe will occur within a few steps and hence whether human intervention should be requested.
Experimental Study for Momentum Transfer in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator (2008)

The momentum-transfer performance of a plasma actuator was investigated experimentally for the effects of ambient-gas pressure, ambient-gas species, and electrode configuration. For measurement of the momentum-transfer performance, the force exerted by the actuator, in addition to the induced velocity, was measured; the consistency between both measurement methods was demonstrated. Results showed that the ambient-gas pressure under which a plasma actuator operates has a considerable effect on the momentum-transfer performance. In fact, the performance does not decrease in a linear manner with decreasing ambient-gas pressure; rather, it initially increases and then decreases. The chemical species of the ambient gas also has a considerable effect on the momentum-transfer performance. The momentum transfer in air is greater than that in nitrogen gas at pressures of less than 1 atm, which suggests a considerable contribution of oxygen molecules in the air. The momentum-transfer performance in carbon dioxide gas is slightly greater than that in nitrogen gas for pressures of less than 1 atm, although they are comparable at 1-atm pressure. Furthermore, the electrode configuration was found to strongly affect the momentum-transfer performance of the plasma actuator. In particular, a mesh-type electrode can improve the performance markedly, compared with the performance of a tape electrode with similar thickness, in an ambient-gas pressure of 1 atm. However, the performance difference attributable to the electrode configuration is greatly reduced with a decrease in the ambient-gas pressure; for example, it almost disappears at pressures of less than approximately 50 kPa.
Reductive pyrolysis for the determination of aqueous sulfur compounds with a helium microwave-induced plasma (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive pyrolysis for the determination of aqueous sulfur compounds with a helium microwave-induced plasmaJorge S. Alvarado and Jon W. CarnahanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 22, 3295–3298Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00070a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00070a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mast cell tryptase: a review of its physiology and clinical significance (2004)

Mast cells, which are granulocytes found in peripheral tissue, play a central role in inflammatory and immediate allergic reactions. beta-Tryptase is a neutral serine protease and is the most abundant mediator stored in mast cell granules. The release of beta-tryptase from the secretory granules is a characteristic feature of mast cell degranulation. While its biological function has not been fully clarified, mast cell beta-tryptase has an important role in inflammation and serves as a marker of mast cell activation. beta-Tryptase activates the protease activated receptor type 2. It is involved in airway homeostasis, vascular relaxation and contraction, gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and intestinal transport, and coagulation. Serum mast cell beta-tryptase concentration is increased in anaphylaxis and in other allergic conditions. It is increased in systemic mastocytosis and other haematological conditions. Serum beta-tryptase measurements can be used to distinguish mast cell-dependent reactions from other systemic disturbances such as cardiogenic shock, which can present with similar clinical manifestations. Increased beta-tryptase levels are highly suggestive of an immunologically mediated reaction but may also occur following direct mast cell activation. Patients with increased mast cell beta-tryptase levels must be investigated for an allergic cause. However, patients without increased mast cell tryptase levels should be investigated if the clinical picture suggests severe anaphylaxis.
Hypothetisches Beispiel Eines Automatisierten Arbeitsablaufs im Geschäftsstellenkreis Eines Konzerns (1959)

Die Einführung eines neuen Systems des automatisierten Arbeitsablaufs im Verwaltungsbereich einer Unternehmung muß sorgfältig vorbereitet werden. Ohne klare Kenntnis der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen, die unter den gegebenen Verhältnissen für eine Automatisierung bestehen, ist die Gefahr gegeben, daß das neue System scheitert oder nicht den erwarteten Erfolg bringt. Um einen Mißerfolg zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, den gesamten automatisierten Arbeitsablauf in Form eines konstruierten Beispiels, das die einzelnen Arbeitselemente zu einem zwangsläufigen Arbeitsablauf zusammenfügt, gedanklich vorwegzunehmen. Dieser Entwurf eines automatisierten Arbeitsablaufs muß von bestimmten Daten ausgehen, und zwar einmal von der gegebenen Unternehmungsstruktur und zum anderen von der Verwendung bestimmter elektronischer Rechenanlagen. Nur wenn diese Daten die Grundlage bilden, kann das Ergebnis des Gedankenexperiments für den gegebenen Fall etwas aussagen. Sofern das unter Berücksichtigung dieser Daten konstruierte Beispiel einen erfolgversprechenden Weg erkennen läßt, wird es die entscheidende Grundlage für den Entschluß bilden, einen automatisierten Arbeitsablauf im Verwaltungsbereich der Unternehmung einzuführen.
REGULATION OF PLATELET FUNCTIONS BY P2 RECEPTORS (2005)

The main role of blood platelets is to ensure primary hemostasis, which is the maintenance of vessel integrity and cessation of bleeding upon injury. While playing a major part in acute arterial thrombosis, platelets are also involved in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. ADP and ATP play a crucial role in platelet activation, and their receptors are potential targets for antithrombotic drugs. The ATP-gated cation channel P2X(1) and the two G protein-coupled ADP receptors, P2Y(1) and P2Y(12), selectively contribute to platelet aggregation and formation of a thrombus. Owing to its central role in the growth and stabilization of a thrombus, the P2Y(12) receptor is an established target of antithrombotic drugs such as clopidogrel. Studies in P2Y(1) and P2X(1) knockout mice and selective P2Y(1) and P2X(1) antagonists have shown that these receptors are also attractive targets for new antithrombotic compounds. The potential role of platelet P(2) receptors in the involvement of platelets in inflammatory processes is also discussed.
ACHIEVING WORLD-CLASS END-USER COMPUTING (1993)

Given the amount of money companies spend on end-user computing (EUC) and the impact local area networks have had on organizations, it is essential for companies to develop better practices for managing the EUC environment. Clear domains of responsibility for IS and users may be the key to forming a true partnership and forging a world-class EUC environment.
Counting individual sulfur atoms in a protein by ultrahighresolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Experimental resolution of isotopic fine structure in proteins (1998)

A typical molecular ion mass spectrum consists of a sum of signals from species of various possible isotopic compositions. Only the monoisotopic peak (e.g., all carbons are 12C; all nitrogens are 14N, etc.) has a unique elemental composition. Every other isotope peak at approximately integer multiples of approximately 1 Da higher in nominal mass represents a sum of contributions from isotope combinations differing by a few mDa (e.g., two 13C vs. two 15N vs. one 13C and one 15N vs. 34S, vs. 18O, etc., at approximately 2 Da higher in mass than the monoisotopic mass). At sufficiently high mass resolving power, each of these nominal-mass peaks resolves into its isotopic fine structure. Here, we report resolution of the isotopic fine structure of proteins up to 15.8 kDa (isotopic 13C,15N doubly depleted tumor suppressor protein, p16), made possible by electrospray ionization followed by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass analysis at 9.4 tesla. Further, a resolving power of m/Deltam50% approximately 8,000,000 has been achieved on bovine ubiquitin (8.6 kDa). These results represent a 10-fold increase in the highest mass at which isotopic fine structure previously had been observed. Finally, because isotopic fine structure reveals elemental composition directly, it can be used to confirm or determine molecular formula. For p16, for example, we were able to determine (5.1 +/- 0.3) the correct number (five) of sulfur atoms solely from the abundance ratio of the resolved 34S peak to the monoisotopic peak.
Novel Poly (vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nano Cellulose Fibrils Isolated from Plants by Mechanochemical Treatment (2012)

The objective of this study was to reinforce biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with nano cellulose fibrils generated from poplar and cotton through mechanochemical treatment. A method used a combination of acid and alkali treatment to obtain cellulose from poplar and cotton. The cellulose of both fibers was further processed by grinder treatment. PVA/nano cellulose composite was prepared successfully by an immersion method. The cellulose nanofibers and nanocomposite films were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile testing machine, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). SEM showed the diameter of the cellulose was range between 30-100 nm and exhibited a high aspect ratio of over 1500. The mechanical properties of PVA were improved significantly and the two plant nanofibers had the similarly reinforcing effects in the matrix. Cellulose nanofibers as a future resource have tremendous potential since they are one of the most abundant organic resources on the earth.
Dynamics of mycobacterial HSP65-induced T-cell cytokine expression during oral tolerance induction in adjuvant arthritis (2002)

Objective. To investigate whether oral administration of mycobacterial heat‐shock protein 65 (HSP65) during adjuvant arthritis (AA) induces regulatory cells and cytokines.
Improved blood sample processing for PCR. (1992)

To simplify our procedure for blood sample processing for PCR, we introduced a simpler, shorter, and more cost-effective method for the separation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and DNA extraction for amplification with Taq polymerase. By this method, blood samples are processed in two simple 15-min steps: (1) separation of PBLs from whole blood by red blood cell lysis with the Roche Specimen Washing Solution, and (2) DNA extraction by heat-detergent treatment of separated PBLs. This new method is simpler than the standard Ficoll-Hypaque method for PBLs separation and Proteinase K digestion for DNA extraction. It is not inhibitory to DNA amplification and it allows effective processing of blood samples even after prolonged storage (as long as 8 days) at room temperature.