gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Node Switching Rates of Switch-and-Examine Relaying in Rician and Nakagami-m Fading (2011)

Recently switch-and-examine relaying was proposed as a low complexity suboptimal alternative to opportunistic relaying. The main advantage of this system is its low switching rate. This can alleviate some practical implementation issues, for example, the corruption of the data signal by switching transients, as well as the switching overheads. Exact closed-form expressions for the switching rates of switch-and-examine systems operating with two or more relays under Rician and Nakagami-m fading are derived. The explicit dependence of the switching rate on the Doppler frequency of the fading is determined. The results indicate that the Rician and Nakagami-m fading cases do not show similar behaviours in their switching rates.
PHOTOLYSIS OF NITRATE ESTERS: PART I. PHOTONITRATION OF DIPHENYLAMINE (1962)

The photolysis of nitrate esters dissolved in benzene or ethanol or absorbed on filter paper occurred readily under illumination in the 265 mμ to 334 mμ spectral region. Equimolar amounts of 1,4;3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol-2,5-dinitrate and diphenylamine dissolved in absolute ethanol or benzene did not react in the dark at 25°. Irradiation of the nitrogen-purged solutions for 2 hours at 15° with a mercury arc followed by chromatographic separation yielded 2-nitro-, 4-nitro-, N-nitroso-, and 4-nitroso-diphenylamine together with about 4% unreacted diphenylamine and an unidentified mixture of more polar compounds. In a partial fractionation of the aromatic photoproducts approximately 80% of the original diphenylamine was recovered in the form of the monosubstituted derivatives which contained about 37% of the original ester nitrogen as C-nitro groups and 2 to 3% as C- and N-nitroso groups.Possible mechanisms of the photonitration are discussed.
High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on multimode fiber coated with an axisymmetric metal grating layer (2012)

This paper reports on a novel fiber surface plasmon-based sensor with a metal grating layer. Simulation results show that the sensor can achieve a maximum sensitivity of 13000nm/RIU in the refractive index range from 1.3 to 1.4.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient Synthesis of the μ Opioid Receptor Antagonists 14‐O‐Methyl‐ and 14‐O‐Ethylnaloxone and ‐naltrexone. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lipid A and Related Compounds. XXVIIII, Part XXVIII: Synthesis of Biologically Active N-Acylated L-Serine-Containing D-Glucosamine-4-phosphate Derivatives of Lipid A. (1993)

New N-acylated L-serine-containing non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated D-glucosamine derivatives structurally corresponding to lipid A disaccharide backbone were synthesized. Compound 4, 5 showed mitogenic activity.
The Political Kingdom of God as a Cause for Mormon-Gentile Conflict (1960)

One cause for the problems between Mormons and their Gentile neighbors in the early Church was the political kingdom of God. Early members of the Church of Jesus Christ felt a responsibility to establish a temporal kingdom in preparation for the kingdom Christ would establish at his second coming. Misunderstandings about the nature of the kingdom of God on earth between Church members and those outside the Church contributed to the persecutions and eventual expulsions from Missouri and Illinois as well as to the martyrdom of Joseph Smith. Those outside the Church suspected Church leaders of plotting to overthrow the government and set up a Mormon Church-State. Church members, however, visualized this process as a peaceful one, the government of the kingdom stepping in when other governments had failed of their own accord. The Council of Fifty, organized in 1844 by Joseph Smith in Nauvoo, was seen as the governing body of the political kingdom, but the secret nature of its meetings led to rumors and suspicion about its purposes. The dream of the political kingdom of God and the accompanying persecution continued when the Saints moved west and only ceased with the 1890 Manifesto, which ended the practice of plural marriage.
Identification and Characterization of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Gene Cluster Coding for Staphyloferrin A (2009)

Siderophores are key virulence factors that allow bacteria to grow in iron-restricted environments. The Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is known to produce four siderophores for which genetic and/or structural data are unknown. Here we characterize the gene cluster responsible for producing the prevalent siderophore staphyloferrin A. In addition to expressing the cluster in the heterologous host Escherichia coli, which confers the ability to synthesize the siderophore, we reconstituted staphyloferrin A biosynthesis in vitro by expressing and purifying two key enzymes in the pathway. As with other polycarboxylate siderophores, staphyloferrin A is biosynthesized using the recently described nonribosomal peptide synthetase independent siderophore (NIS) biosynthetic pathway. Two NIS synthetases condense two molecules of citric acid to d-ornithine in a stepwise ordered process with SfnaD using the delta-amine as a nucleophile to form the first amide followed by SfnaB utilizing the alpha-amine to complete staphyloferrin A synthesis.
An Objective Evaluation of Eyedrop Instillation in Patients With Glaucoma (2009)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00522600.
LRRK2 regulates autophagic activity and localizes to specific membrane microdomains in a novel human genomic reporter cellular model (2009)

Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) although LRRK2 function remains unclear. We report a new role for LRRK2 in regulating autophagy and describe the recruitment of LRRK2 to the endosomal-autophagic pathway and specific membrane subdomains. Using a novel human genomic reporter cellular model, we found LRRK2 to locate to membrane microdomains such as the neck of caveolae, microvilli/filopodia and intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In human brain and in cultured human cells LRRK2 was present in cytoplasmic puncta corresponding to MVBs and autophagic vacuoles (AVs). Expression of the common R1441C mutation from a genomic DNA construct caused impaired autophagic balance evident by the accumulation of MVBs and large AVs containing incompletely degraded material and increased levels of p62. Furthermore, the R1441C mutation induced the formation of skein-like abnormal MVBs. Conversely, LRRK2 siRNA knockdown increased autophagic activity and prevented cell death caused by inhibition of autophagy in starvation conditions. The work necessitated developing a new, more efficient recombineering strategy, which we termed Sequential insertion of Target with ovErlapping Primers (STEP) to seamlessly fuse the green fluorescent protein-derivative YPet to the human LRRK2 protein in the LRRK2 genomic locus carried by a bacterial artificial chromosome. Taken together our data demonstrate the functional involvement of LRRK2 in the endosomal-autophagic pathway and the recruitment to specific membrane microdomains in a physiological human gene expression model suggesting a novel function for this important PD-related protein.
18.3: An 8.67‐in. Foldable OLED Display with an In‐cell Touch Sensor (2015)

An 8.67‐inch foldable OLED display with an in‐cell touch sensor, in which metal‐mesh sensor electrodes are formed in a counter substrate of the display, is fabricated. The OLED display demonstrates normal operation after 10 5 folding operation with 5 mm as the radius of curvature.
OPERATION OF THE ADVANCE TRAFFIC INFORMATION CENTER (1995)

The Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept (ADVANCE) project has been underway for nearly three years. Numerous reports on the project have been presented at the Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) over the last few years. These reports have mainly dealt with global issues, such as status of the project and lessons learned with detailed technical issues have been presented in other forums. This paper covers the traffic-management portion of the ADVANCE project, in particular the operations of the traffic information center (TIC). ADVANCE is an operational test of the concept of dynamic route-guidance being conducted in northeastern Illinois. It will involve 75 vehicles outfitted with on-board navigation systems. A basic system has been implemented, tested, and continues to be upgraded.
Use of Software for Calculations of Earth Electrode by Empirical Formulas and by an Analytical Method (2008)

Very often a computer program is used to compute earth resistance and step and touch voltages of a grid earth electrode; the programs used for such calculations are computer coded formulas given in IEEE Std 80. To analyze the performance of an earth electrode, another type of software is used. Such a software uses a network representation of an earth electrode. A basic dc network consists of self and mutual resistances. This paper brings out the principle aspects of the two methods.
Recognition of poor quality words without segmentation (2002)

A method for recognition of poor quality documents is presented. The method is based on extraction of independent and robust features of 'objects' within a word without segmenting touching objects. A number of alternatives for each object are found. A lexical lookup method is used to verify the alternatives. The method has been applied to seven different poor quality facsimile messages in order to observe its effectiveness. The facsimile messages were first processed using a commercial OCR software and only the unrecognized words were selected and processed using the developed method. Different improvement rates were observed for the facsimile messages. The improvement ranged from 21.57% to 100%. The results obtained from these facsimile messages suggest that the developed method is capable of recognizing poor quality documents whilst avoiding segmentation of touching characters.
Next-Generation Crosswell EM Imaging Tool (2008)

Abstract A new crosswell electromagnetic (EM) tool, now in field test, provides unique means to remotely sense the resistivity between two wells without having to drill an intermediate well. The wells can be open hole or cased with fiberglass, nonmagnetic chromium steel, or ordinary magnetic carbon steel. This tool allows one to determine the resistivity distribution between wells spaced up to 1000 m apart. It is an induction measurement with a large magnetic field transmitter in one well and sensitive low-noise receivers in a second well. The transmitter generates a time varying field in the frequency range of 5 Hz to 1000 Hz. Since the transmitter and the receivers are not at a fixed position, the primary field cannot be cancelled as in conventional induction tools. Instead, the receiver senses the primary field of the transmitter combined with the secondary field produced by the formation between the wells. This secondary field increases with frequency of operation, formation conductivity and spacing between wells. In general, a high-frequency measurement with large formation effect is combined with a low-frequency effect to provide a geometry correction for the wells. Data from multiple transmitter and receiver positions are processed through a two-dimensional non-linear inversion algorithm to produce a resistivity image of the formation between the wells. A priori information about the formation as well as conventional well logs are used to constrain or improve the image. Although the performance of this technique is strongly dependent upon the specific problem, the resulting image can be used for detecting bypassed oil, or in a time-lapse application, it can be used to monitor the movement of a reservoir or of injected fluid. This paper presents the unique tool features, the survey planning process, and factors important for success as well as modeling and measurement examples. In addition, sensitivity to frequency and the starting model used as the initial step in processing the data to an image are examined.
Design and Analysis of Arm‐in‐Cage Experiments: Inference for Three‐State Progressive Disease Models with Common Periodic Observation Times (2007)

We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data.
Regulation of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in oocytes and early pre-implantation embryos (2004)

Epigenetic modifications of the genome, such as covalent modification of histone residues, ensure appropriate gene activation during pre-implantation development, and are probably involved in the asymmetric reprogramming of the parental genomes after fertilization. We investigated the methylation patterns of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3/K9), and the regulatory mechanism involved in the asymmetric remodeling of parental genomes during early preimplantation development in mice. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody that specifically recognizes methylated H3/K9 showed a very weak or absent methylation signal in the male pronucleus, whereas a distinct methylation signal was detected in the female pronucleus. This asymmetric H3/K9 methylation pattern in the different parental genomes persisted until the two-cell stage. However, de novo methylation of H3/K9 occurred and the asymmetry was lost during the four-cell stage. The unmethylated male pronucleus underwent de novo methylation when it was transferred into enucleated GV- or MII-stage oocytes, which suggests that histone H3 methylase is active before fertilization, but not afterwards, and that the asymmetric methylation pattern is generated by this change in methylase activity in the cytoplasm after fertilization. Thus, histone H3 is methylated only in the maternal chromosomes, which are present in the oocytes before fertilization, and is not methylated in the paternal chromosomes, which are absent. The maintenance of asymmetric H3/K9 methylation patterns in early embryos is an active process that depends on protein synthesis and zygotic transcription, as de novo methylation in the male pronucleus occurred when either protein synthesis or gene expression was inhibited by cycloheximide or alpha-amanitin, respectively. In addition, corresponding de novo methylation of H3/K9 and DNA occurred when the male pronucleus was transferred to an enucleated GV oocyte. Our results suggest that H3/K9 methylation is an epigenetic marker of parental genome origin during early preimplantation development.
Accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes (1988)

This review of Parkinson's disease and related disorders emphasizes the difficulties of distinguishing between variants of the parkinsonian syndrome. Characteristic clinical features may remain absent for many months, but accuracy of diagnosis may be improved by considering certain presenting symptoms and signs. The main characteristics of various parkinsonian syndromes are reviewed and their major distinguishing features are emphasized. Future improvement in the precision of clinical diagnosis, especially early in the course of parkinsonian syndromes, will depend on selecting out patients with Parkinson's disease using positive diagnostic criteria.
Engineering service negotiation and management functionality for the advanced intelligent network: an application of object-oriented technology (2002)

The author describes experiences in applying object-oriented (OO) techniques to prepare requirements for service negotiation and management (SN&M) operations support for the Advanced Intelligent Network release 1. First, there is a short description of SN&M, its mission, and constraints underlying the SN&M requirements-engineering effort. Second, the history and reasoning are given for the choice of OO technology for preparing the requirements. A more detailed example of SN&M functionality is used to provide the motivation for the discussion. Third, this example is used to discuss how OO technology was applied. Finally, some observations about applying OO technology to SN&M are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antagonistic lipopolysaccharides block<i>E. coli</i>lipopolysaccharide function at human TLR4 via interaction with the human MD-2 lipopolysaccharide binding site (2006)

Lipopolysaccharides containing underacylated lipid A structures exhibit reduced abilities to activate the human (h) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway and function as potent antagonists against lipopolysaccharides bearing canonical lipid A structures. Expression of underacylated lipopolysaccharides has emerged as a novel mechanism utilized by microbial pathogens to modulate host innate immune responses. Notably, antagonistic lipopolysaccharides are prime therapeutic candidates for combating Gram negative bacterial sepsis. Penta-acylated msbB and tetra-acylated Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides functionally antagonize hexa-acylated Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-dependent activation of hTLR4 through the coreceptor, hMD-2. Here, the molecular mechanism by which these antagonistic lipopolysaccharides act at hMD-2 is examined. We present evidence that both msbB and P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides are capable of direct binding to hMD-2. These antagonistic lipopolysaccharides can utilize at least two distinct mechanisms to block E. coli lipopolysaccharide-dependent activation of hTLR4. The main mechanism consists of direct competition between the antagonistic lipopolysaccharides and E. coli lipopolysaccharide for the same binding site on hMD-2, while the secondary mechanism involves the ability of antagonistic lipopolysaccharide-hMD-2 complexes to inhibit E. coli lipopolysaccharide-hMD-2 complexes function at hTLR4. It is also shown that both hTLR4 and hMD-2 contribute to the species-specific recognition of msbB and P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides as antagonists at the hTLR4 complex.
Comparative analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum genomes: a new perspective for the industrial production of amino acids (2017)

This is the first comprehensive comparative analysis of C. glutamicum genomes at the pan-genomic level. Whole genome comparison provides definitive evidence for classifying the members of this species. Identifying an aditional gdh gene in some C. glutamicum strains may accelerate further research on glutamate synthesis. Our proposed pipeline can provide a clear perspective, including the presumed ancestor, the strain breeding trajectory, and the genomic variations necessary to increase amino acid production in C. glutamicum.
<title>Optical transformer and collimator for efficient fiber coupling</title> (1997)

Efficient coupling of high power lasers to optical fibers is desired for many applications. An example of these applications is the medical market, where coherent optical power delivered through fibers is used to perform state-of- the-art surgery. We report an efficient method for coupling optical energy from a laser-diode bar to a fiber. This method uses a single surface collimator combined with a two- surface optical transformer. An array of corrector lenses was used to assure that the output of the collimator was appropriately incident on the transformer. Optical efficiency of the collimator, after AR coating, is about 85 percent. The gratin design of the transformer is based on 4- phase level binary optics blazed grating with minimum feature size of 1.5 micrometers . Test results indicate that all the design aspects of our collimator and optical transformer are as expected, and experimental data are well within theoretical expectations. The average tested diffraction efficiency of the optical transformer is as high as 72 percent for one surface. Considering standard 0.8 micrometers process, the efficiency of the transformer for one surface can increase to > 92 percent. To our knowledge, this is the first practical demonstration of the optical transformer concept. These results demonstrate a low-cost and reliable method for efficient coupling of high power laser arrays to fibers for medical and industrial applications.
Steric and Electronic Ligand Perturbations in Catalysis:  Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions Using<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetrical Phosphorus-Chiral (Bi)ferrocenyl Donors (2001)

Three series of P-chiral diphosphines based on ferrocene (1a-f, 2a-c) and biferrocenyl skeletons (3a-c), including novel ligands 1f and 3c, were employed in palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions. Steric effects imposed by the phosphine residues were studied using C2-symmetrical donors 1 (1 = 1,1'-bis(arylphenylphosphino)ferrocene with aryl groups a = 1-naphthyl, b = 2-naphthyl, c = 2-anisyl, d = 2-biphenylyl, e = 9-phenanthryl, and f = ferrocenyl), whereas para-methoxy- and/or para-trifluoromethyl substitution of the phenyl moieties in 1a enabled investigation of ligand electronic effects applying ferrocenyl diphosphines 2a-c. Ligands 3 (3 = 2,2'-bis- (arylphenylphosphino)-1,1'-biferrocenyls with aryl substituents a,c = 1-naphthyl (diastereomers) and b = 2-biphenylyl) allowed for comparison of backbone structure effects (bite angle variation) in catalysis. Linear and cyclic allylic acetates served as substrates in typical test reactions; upon attack of soft carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles on (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-ene-1-yl acetate the respective malonate, amine, or imide products were obtained in enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee. A crystal structure analysis of a palladium 1,3-diphenyl-eta 3-allyl complex incorporating ligand (S,S)-1a revealed a marked distortion of the allyl fragment, herewith defining the regioselectivity of nucleophile addition.