gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compatibility in blends of two random copolymers having a common monomer segment (1986)

Miscibility in blends of random copolymers (A.,B1-:r),.,_ and (CyB1-y)111 can conveniently be displayed as domains in a Cartesian coordinate system in which the abscissa and ordinate represent the compositions of the respective copolymers. For the case in which the two copolymers have a common monomer unit (e.g., B) the isothermal boundary between domains of miscibility and immiscibility in a mean field treatment is determined by three segmental interaction parameters, XAB, XAC, and XBC, and the degrees of polymerization r1 and r2 of the copolymers. We have termed such representations "miscibility maps". The shape and size of the miscibility domain are determined by the relationships between these parameters, and the present study considers the various theoretical possibilities with interpretations based on intersegmental repulsion and/ or attraction. In addition, two experimental miscibility maps for blends of poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) with chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (regarded here as a random copolymer of vinyl chloride and 1,2-diÂ­chloroethylene units) and poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) were constructed by using as a criterion of miscibility the glass transition temperatures determined by scanning calorimetry. The boundary deiming the region of miscibility for the blend of poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) with chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) was elliptical and that for the poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) /poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blend was defined by a pair of hyperbolas. Segmental interaction parameters between the different monomer units were estimated from these data and good correlation was obtained between theoretical evaluations and experiment. In addition the experimental miscibility map obtained by Hall et al. for blends of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) was compared to the theoretical calculations.
The Ubiquinone-binding Site of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Succinate-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Is a Source of Superoxide (2003)

The mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a tetrameric iron-sulfur flavoprotein of the Krebs cycle and of the respiratory chain. A number of mutations in human SDH genes are responsible for the development of paragangliomas, cancers of the head and neck region. The mev-1 mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding the homolog of the SDHC subunit results in premature aging and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. It also increases the production of superoxide radicals by the enzyme. In this work, we used the yeast succinate dehydrogenase to investigate the molecular and catalytic effects of paraganglioma- and mev-1-like mutations. We mutated Pro-190 of the yeast Sdh2p subunit to Gln (P190Q) and recreated the C. elegans mev-1 mutation by converting Ser-94 in the Sdh3p subunit into a glutamate residue (S94E). The P190Q and S94E mutants have reduced succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activities and are hypersensitive to oxygen and paraquat. Although the mutant enzymes have lower turnover numbers for ubiquinol reduction, larger fractions of the remaining activities are diverted toward superoxide production. The P190Q and S94E mutations are located near the proximal ubiquinone-binding site, suggesting that the superoxide radicals may originate from a ubisemiquinone intermediate formed at this site during the catalytic cycle. We suggest that certain mutations in SDH can make it a significant source of superoxide production in mitochondria, which may contribute directly to disease progression. Our data also challenge the dogma that superoxide production by SDH is a flavin-mediated event rather than a quinone-mediated one.
Immunoglobulin A antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin in saliva from patients with pertussis (1990)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in 181 saliva samples obtained during various stages of pertussis from 112 patients were determined. Saliva samples obtained within 5 days after the onset of symptoms did not have detectable IgA antibodies against either of the two antigens. Of the samples obtained between 6 and 50 days after the onset of symptoms, 72% had antibodies against FHA but only 40% had antibodies against PT. With few exceptions, saliva samples obtained more than 50 days after the onset of symptoms contained antibodies against both antigens. In the 59 patients from whom paired saliva samples were obtained at intervals of 2 to 5 weeks, a significant increase in the geometric mean FHA antibody titers but not PT antibody titers occurred. However, increases that were fourfold or greater were observed against FHA in only 19 patients and against PT in 14 patients. Thus, IgA antibodies against FHA and PT in saliva develop during pertussis, and the importance of secretory IgA antibodies for protection against infection and disease should be investigated. Determination of these antibodies in paired saliva samples is, however, of little value for the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis.
Concepts for synthetic aperture sonar performance prediction and mission planning (2005)

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is an emerging technology capable of providing high resolution sea floor imaging. One remarkable property of SAS is that its azimuthal resolution is theoretically independent of range and wavelength. Consequently SAS is particularly well suited for classifying bottom mines at standoff ranges. SAS processing technology has matured sufficiently in the recent years that it is now being implemented in an entire new generation of platforms, including unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). In these applications it is desirable to have an efficient way of estimating SAS performance as a function of environmental and system parameters. Such a capability can serve as a tactical decision aid to optimize performance during a mission. It can also serve as a mission planning or post-mission analysis tool. A series of analytical engineering formulas is given for estimating SAS algorithm performance under various conditions. The formulas are simple in computation yet capable of capturing the most relevant physics. The aggregate of these formulas allows one to quickly estimate the overall system performance. This approach can be extended to provide the basis for a SAS mission planning capability. Concepts for a SAS mission planner are presented.
The Large Proteoglycans of the Human Intervertebral Disc (1995)

These results provide the first evidence that biosynthetic changes contribute to the age-related increase in the heterogeneity of the human disc proteoglycan population.
Secure transmission of sensitive data using multiple channels (2005)

Summary form only given. A new scheme for transmitting sensitive data is proposed, the proposed scheme depends on partitioning the output of a block encryption module using the Chinese Remainder Theorem among a set of channels. The purpose of using the Chinese Remainder Theorem is to hide the cipher text in order to increase the difficulty of attacking the cipher. The proposed scheme assumes the existence of a set of transmission channels between the sender and the receiver parties from which S channels are chosen using some selection criteria. The message is divided into as set of blocks of a size that is a multiple of the size of the underlying block cipher block size. The resulting N bit encrypted block is used as an N-bits integer. This integer remainders with respect to S selected relatively prime numbers are sent over the S selected channels. On the receiver side the inverse Chinese remainder is applied to get the encrypted blocks followed by a decryption operation to construct the original message. The theory, implementation and the security of this scheme are described in the paper.
A Single Point Mutation in 3-Deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate Synthase Is Responsible for Temperature Sensitivity in a Mutant Strain of Salmonella typhimurium (2000)

Salmonella typhimurium mutants conditionally deficient in 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO8P) synthase activity play a central role in our understanding of lipopolysaccharide function in enteric bacteria. The detailed characterization of KDO8P synthase from such a mutant, however, has not been previously reported. To address this issue KDO8P synthase from S. typhimurium AG701 and from a related temperature-sensitive strain (S. typhimurium AG701i50) have been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The enzyme from the temperature-sensitive strain has a single proline to serine substitution at position 145, leading to an increase in K(m) for both substrates, d-arabinose 5-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Analytical gel filtration and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that this enzyme also has an altered oligomeric state. These observations are rationalized through an examination of the structure of E. coli KDO8P synthase, which has 93% sequence identity to the enzyme from S. typhimurium.
Applying hidden Markov models to radar detection in clutter (1997)

Sea clutter amplitude is often modeled as a compound random variable Z=AX, where A is a positive valued random variable and X has a Rayleigh distribution. The K and discrete Rayleigh mixture distributions arise from this model using a gamma or discrete distribution, respectively, for A. In certain applications, successive values of A may be correlated. If this correlation is modeled as a finite Markov process, Z is described by a hidden Markov model (HMM). Amplitude only and phase coherent detection statistics are derived from the HMM models using locally optimal and likelihood ratio techniques, respectively. The performance of these algorithms are compared with CFAR and Doppler processors using radar data.
The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene is an expressed pseudogene (2002)

The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA).
Iron-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Splitting (2015)

Efficient electrochemical water splitting to hydrogen and oxygen is considered a promising technology to overcome our dependency on fossil fuels. Searching for novel catalytic materials for electrochemical oxygen generation is essential for improving the total efficiency of water splitting processes. We report the synthesis, structural characterization, and electrochemical performance in the oxygen evolution reaction of Fe-doped NiO nanocrystals. The facile solvothermal synthesis in tert-butanol leads to the formation of ultrasmall crystalline and highly dispersible FexNi1-xO nanoparticles with dopant concentrations of up to 20%. The increase in Fe content is accompanied by a decrease in particle size, resulting in nonagglomerated nanocrystals of 1.5-3.8 nm in size. The Fe content and composition of the nanoparticles are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, while Mössbauer and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses reveal a substitutional incorporation of Fe(III) into the NiO rock salt structure. The excellent dispersibility of the nanoparticles in ethanol allows for the preparation of homogeneous ca. 8 nm thin films with a smooth surface on various substrates. The turnover frequencies (TOF) of these films could be precisely calculated using a quartz crystal microbalance. Fe0.1Ni0.9O was found to have the highest electrocatalytic water oxidation activity in basic media with a TOF of 1.9 s(-1) at the overpotential of 300 mV. The current density of 10 mA cm(-2) is reached at an overpotential of 297 mV with a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec(-1). The extremely high catalytic activity, facile preparation, and low cost of the single crystalline FexNi1-xO nanoparticles make them very promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Catalytic, Enantioselective α-Additions of Isocyanides:  Lewis Base Catalyzed Passerini-Type Reactions (2005)

[reaction: see text] The generality of catalytic, enantioselective alpha-additions of isocyanides to aldehydes has been demonstrated (Passerini-type reactions). The catalytic system of silicon tetrachloride and a chiral bisphosphoramide (R,R)-1b provided high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities for the addition of tert-butyl isocyanide to a wide range of aldehydes (aromatic, heteroaromatic, olefinic, acetylenic, aliphatic). Aqueous workup afforded the alpha-hydroxy tert-butyl amides whereas a low-temperature methanol quench followed by basic workup afforded the alpha-hydroxy methyl esters. The reaction is also successful for other isocyanides, albeit with reduced enantioselectivity. Reaction conditions, particularly the rate of addition of the isocyanide was found to be crucial for good yields and high selectivities.
Predictive Suppression of Cortical Excitability and Its Deficit in Schizophrenia (2013)

Recent neuroscience advances suggest that when interacting with our environment, along with previous experience, we use contextual cues and regularities to form predictions that guide our perceptions and actions. The goal of such active "predictive sensing" is to selectively enhance the processing and representation of behaviorally relevant information in an efficient manner. Since a hallmark of schizophrenia is impaired information selection, we tested whether this deficiency stems from dysfunctional predictive sensing by measuring the degree to which neuronal activity predicts relevant events. In healthy subjects, we established that these mechanisms are engaged in an effort-dependent manner and that, based on a correspondence between human scalp and intracranial nonhuman primate recordings, their main role is a predictive suppression of excitability in task-irrelevant regions. In contrast, schizophrenia patients displayed a reduced alignment of neuronal activity to attended stimuli, which correlated with their behavioral performance deficits and clinical symptoms. These results support the relevance of predictive sensing for normal and aberrant brain function, and highlight the importance of neuronal mechanisms that mold internal ongoing neuronal activity to model key features of the external environment.
High Accuracy, Low-Invasive Displacement Sensor (HALIDS) (2013)

Sub-micron accuracy and precision in measuring unconstrained, spatial motion is pivotal in science and engineering. It imposes stringent requirements on the accuracy, reliability, and invasiveness of sensing devices (including lasers, lidar sensors, or optical scales). While the capabilities of these devices have seen dramatic improvements in the last decades, the needs for sub-micron accuracy, low-invasive sensors greatly outpace the available solutions. The root cause of measurement difficulties is a conflict between the very nature of motion (simultaneous translations and rotations relative to a chosen reference base) and the fundamental requirement of measurement accuracy known as the Abbe principle. Small and accurate Microsystems Technology based inertial sensors (accelerometer and gyroscopes) can alleviate, or at least significantly mitigate, many of the current difficulties. If contained in small Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and equipped with a wireless signal transmission, they can be placed on or very close to the objects whose motion is to be measured. Furthermore, as long as the IMU, its fixture, and some region of this object around the fixture can be considered as rigid, coordinate transformation rules facilitate converting signals measured by IMU into translations and rotations of any point in this rigid region. Consequently, a virtual 6-DOF sensor can be created. Its dimensions are infinitesimally small, and it can be “placed” anywhere within the above rigid region. In particular, it can be placed such that it is collinear with the displacements of the cutting tool or robot’s end effector, and satisfies the Abbe principle. We present a High Accuracy, Low-Invasive Displacement Sensor (HALIDS) for application in manufacturing and in engineering design. The sensor is capable of measuring simultaneously 6-degrees-of-freedom displacements of objects. Its short term resolution is down to 0.1 nanometer and accuracy better than 1 micron. The sensor can be built small, light and wireless. Results from experimental evaluation of two prototype versions are presented.
Transcatheter valve-in-ring implantation after failure of surgical mitral repair (2013)

These preliminary results suggest that TVIR is feasible, with low operative risk, and may provide short-term clinical and haemodynamic improvement in selected high-risk patients with failure of mitral ring annuloplasty.
Finding Topics in Dynamical Text: Application to Chat Line Discussions (2001)

The problem of analysing dynamically evolving textual data has recently arisen. An example of such data is the discussion appearing in Internet chat lines. In this paper a recently introduced method, termed complexity pursuit, is used to extract the topics of a dynamical chat line discussion. Experimental results demonstrate that meaningful topics can be found and also suggest the applicability of the method to query-based retrieval from a temporally changing text stream.
Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Paracoccus yeei</i> TT13, Isolated from Human Skin (2018)

<i>Paracoccus yeei</i> TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one 3.58-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. TT13 genome analysis indicated that this bacterium has denitrification potential.
Design techniques for multiple interconnected on-line data processors (1958)

The application of data-processing techniques to large-scale nation wide industries, such as the transportation industry, has resulted in the need for remoting of subscribers and for multiple data processors regionally located. These equipments form elements of a complete integrated data-processing system or network of systems to solve such problems as reservations control on a complete system basis for railroads and airlines. Early applications of digital data-processing equipment to solve the reservation problem were concerned with limited area problems. The improvement and extension of these systems to integrate the entire reservation-space problem has been a logical evolution.
Novel antigens for neurocysticercosis: simple method for preparation and evaluation for serodiagnosis. (1998)

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by infection with the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), is now recognized as a major cause of neurologic diseases in countries where the infection is endemic. Migration of persons from these countries is resulting in diagnosis and local transmission in nonendemic countries at increasing rates. In the present study, immunoblotting and an ELISA were carried out using antigens of T. solium cysticerci fractionated by isoelectric focusing and serum samples from patients with NCC, alveolar (AE) or cystic echinococcosis (CE), and other diseases. Immunoblot analysis revealed antigens fractionated by isoelectric focusing (pH 9.2-9.6) either from cyst fluid of T. solium cysticerci or from intact cysts had unique components (glycoproteins) highly specific and sensitive for detection of NCC exclusively. All confirmed NCC serum samples (53 of 53) recognized at least three major bands of 10-26-kD of fractions with pH 9.2-9.6 from either intact cysts or cyst fluid. These bands were not recognized by sera from patients with other parasitic diseases including AE (0 of 34), CE (0 of 36), or other heterologous parasitoses (0 of 77), patients with hepatoma (0 of 19) or sarcoidosis (0 of 11), or sera from healthy controls (0 of 29). The ELISA using the antigens showed the same sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of NCC (53 of 53) from other diseases (0 of 107) or healthy individuals (0 of 29). Both immunoblotting and the ELISA using the fractionated antigens readily differentiated all NCC from AE or CE in a blind test of 29 serum samples of persons with NCC, CE, and AE. Antigens fractionated from cyst fluid of T. solium cysticerci by a simple, single-step isoelectric focusing (pH 9.2-9.6) are highly specific and sensitive for differential serodiagnosis of NCC in immunoblotting and/or an ELISA.
A new model predictive torque control strategy with reduced set of prediction vectors (2018)

Major drawback of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is its high computational burden. This paper proposes a new optimal vector selection strategy that reduces the computational cost of FCS-MPC technique. Considering two-level voltage source inverters (2L-VSI) utilized as motor drives, proposed strategy reduces the number of active prediction vectors from six to three. Hence, cost function is evaluated only for four vectors (three active and one zero). Moreover, between the two possible zero vector configurations, the one which avoids switching of the maximum current carrying phase arm is selected. Proposed control strategy has been validated by detailed MATLAB/Simulink models. Required computation time for the control algorithm has been reduced by 30%. The dynamic performance of the drive is not degraded with the reduction of active prediction vectors. Compared to the classical FCS-MPC, proposed algorithm offers up to 28% switching loss reduction (9.9% in average) especially in the high torque - low speed region. Simulation models have been made available as open access.
Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Image (2017)

We consider the problem of dense depth prediction from a sparse set of depth measurements and a single RGB image. Since depth estimation from monocular images alone is inherently ambiguous and unreliable, to attain a higher level of robustness and accuracy, we introduce additional sparse depth samples, which are either acquired with a low-resolution depth sensor or computed via visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms. We propose the use of a single deep regression network to learn directly from the RGB-D raw data, and explore the impact of number of depth samples on prediction accuracy. Our experiments show that, compared to using only RGB images, the addition of 100 spatially random depth samples reduces the prediction root-mean-square error by 50% on the NYU-Depth-v2 indoor dataset. It also boosts the percentage of reliable prediction from 59% to 92% on the KITTI dataset. We demonstrate two applications of the proposed algorithm: a plug-in module in SLAM to convert sparse maps to dense maps, and super-resolution for LiDARs. Software and video demonstration are publicly available.