gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Origin and Development of Embryoids in Suspension Cultures of Carrot (Daucus carota) (1974)

In suspension cultures of carrot, embryoids are initiated at or near the surface of characteristic cellular aggregates (embryogenic clumps) and are released from these aggregates as free-floating structures capable of further development into plantlets. Embryoid development is promoted by transfer from a medium containing 2,4-D to one from which it is omitted. The structure of the embryogenic clumps, in these two media, has been studied by the thin section technique involving fixation in glutaraldehyde and embedding in glycol methacrylate. The superficial cells of the clumps are clearly marked off from the central cells and contain large starch grains, a large central nucleus, abundant cytoplasm and a number of vacuoles. It is from individual superficial cells that the embryoids are seen to arise in the 2,4-D omitted medium but it has not been possible to distinguish, in advance of embryogeny, such cells from within the superficial cell layers. The fragmentation of the proliferating clumps in 2,4-D containing medium and the release of embryoids into the 2,4-D omitted medium is promoted by some of the superficial cells becoming free of starch and undergoing pronounced enlargement. A sequence of segmentations leading from single superficial cells of the clumps to globular embryoids has been traced. This differs from that reported to occur during early embryogeny from the egg cell of carrot. The resemblance to zygote embryogeny is closer from the late globular stage of embryoid development; embryoids then differ from zygotic embryos in their shorter suspensors. Attention is drawn to the initiation of additional embryoids from the epidermis of some of the embryoids developing in culture.
Expression, purification, and characterization of the cGMP‐dependent protein kinases Iβ and II using the baculovirus system (1995)

Detailed studies of differences in distinct cGMP kinase isoforms are highly dependent on expression of large amounts of these enzyme isoforms that are not easily purified by conventional methods. Here cGMP-dependent protein kinases, the type I beta soluble form from human placenta, and the type II membrane-associated form from rat intestine, were each expressed in a baculovirus/Sf9 cell system and purified in milligram amounts by affinity chromatography. The expressed recombinant proteins displayed characteristics like those of their native counterparts. cGK I beta was expressed as a 76 kDa protein predominantly found in the cytosol fraction, whereas cGK II was expressed as an 86 kDa protein predominantly associated with the membrane fraction. The apparent Ka and Vmax of cGMP for activation of cGK I beta were 0.5 microM and 3.4 mumol/min/mg, and for cGK II were 0.04 microM and 1.8 mumol/min/mg.
The Measurement of the Turgor Pressure and the Water Relations of Plants by the Pressure-bomb Technique (1972)

Journal Article The Measurement of the Turgor Pressure and the Water Relations of Plants by the Pressure-bomb Technique Get access M. T. TYREE, M. T. TYREE Botany School, University of CambridgeEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. T. HAMMEL H. T. HAMMEL Physiological Research Laboratory, Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92037 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 1972, Pages 267–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/23.1.267 Published: 01 February 1972 Article history Received: 18 June 1971 Published: 01 February 1972
Learning from Twitter Hashtags: Leveraging Proximate Tags to Enhance Graph-Based Keyphrase Extraction (2012)

In the micro-blogging service Twitter, the sparseness of text messages is an enormous obstacle in extracting key phrases from tweets. However, regardless of the sparseness in text, tweets include an abundant number of links in the form of hash tags. This paper investigates the possibility of leveraging hash tags in tweets to enhance the graph-based key phrase extraction. By using an auxiliary set of tweets found in hash tags, we show that we can improve extracting key phrases from tweets by augmenting the graph with a wider knowledge context. Specifically, we propose two different approaches for choosing the best hash tags links to use for enhancing graph-based key phrase extraction by either using a frequency approach or a hybrid approach that uses multiple methods for cleverly choosing the best hash tags. Experiments on the proposed approaches showed an improvement in the range of 9% to 37% over the case of ignoring the hash tag links.
Analyzing and modeling process balance for sub-threshold circuit design (2007)

This paper describes the strong effects on sub-threshold digital circuit operation of the ratio of PMOS and NMOS current in a given process. We define the concept of process balance/imbalance as describing this ratio and explain the impact ofdifferent circuit and environmental parameters on processbalance. Many of these characteristics are best understood by the degree to which they increase or further decrease process balance. We also propose a model that provides accurate estimation of the effects of process balance that is useful for understanding the impact of process variations and the appropriate types of circuits to use for sub-threshold operation in a given process.
Convention européenne des droits de l'Homme, cultes reconnus et liberté de religion (2004)

La Convention europeenne des droits de l'homme respecte la liberte des Etats membres d'organiser leurs rapports avec les cultes. De nombreux arrets ont montre la volonte de la Cour de rester neutre a l'egard des differents systemes de relations Eglise-Etat. C'est une attitude qui se justifie, mais qui est parfois excessivement prudente. Cependant, si la Cour ne se prononce pas sur l'organisation des cultes dans les divers Etats, elle tient legitimement a en controler les consequences. Ainsi la promotion de la liberte religieuse par la jurisprudence de la Cour conduit a une certaine uniformisation des politiques etatiques en la matiere. Sous l'influence de la Convention, les Etats, qu'ils soient confessionnels, laiques ou mixtes, progressent dans le respect de la pluralite des cultes. Mais l'apprentissage de la liberte confessionnelle est encore loin d'etre achevee.
Adeno-Associated Virus Site-Specific Integration Is Mediated by Proteins of the Nonhomologous End-Joining Pathway (2009)

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV 2) is the only eukaryotic virus capable of site-specific integration; the target site is at chromosome 19q13.4, a site termed AAVS1. The biology of AAV latency has been extensively studied in cell culture, yet the precise mechanism and the required cellular factors are not known. In this study, we assessed the relative frequencies of stable site-specific integration by characterization of cell clones containing integrated AAV vectors. By this assay, two proteins involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), DNAPKcs and ligase IV, exhibit differential effects on AAV site-specific integration. DNAPKcs is not required; its presence increases the frequency of junction formation indicative of site-specific integration, but seems to reduce the ratio of site-specific integration to random integration (i.e., the latter is even more enhanced). In contrast, site-specific integration is significantly reduced relative to random integration in cells deficient in ligase IV expression. Furthermore, we show that single-stranded AAV vectors are better substrates for site-specific integration than are self-complementary AAV vectors; the absence of DNAPKcs did not affect the targeted integration of these double-stranded AAV vectors. Together, these data suggest that NHEJ proteins participate in site-specific integration, and indicate a role for the single-stranded form of AAV DNA in targeted integration.
HER2 <sup>YVMA</sup> drives rapid development of adenosquamous lung tumors in mice that are sensitive to BIBW2992 and rapamycin combination therapy (2009)

Mutations in the HER2 kinase domain have been identified in human clinical lung cancer specimens. Here we demonstrate that inducible expression of the most common HER2 mutant (HER2(YVMA)) in mouse lung epithelium causes invasive adenosquamous carcinomas restricted to proximal and distal bronchioles. Continuous expression of HER2(YVMA) is essential for tumor maintenance, suggesting a key role for HER2 in lung adenosquamous tumorigenesis. Preclinical studies assessing the in vivo effect of erlotinib, trastuzumab, BIBW2992, and/or rapamycin on HER2(YVMA) transgenic mice or H1781 xenografts with documented tumor burden revealed that the combination of BIBW2992 and rapamycin is the most effective treatment paradigm causing significant tumor shrinkage. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung tumors treated with BIBW2992 and rapamycin combination revealed decreased phosphorylation levels for proteins in both upstream and downstream arms of MAPK and Akt/mTOR signaling axes, indicating inhibition of these pathways. Based on these findings, clinical testing of the BIBW2992/rapamycin combination in non-small cell lung cancer patients with tumors expressing HER2 mutations is warranted.
Microvascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease: a computer-assisted intravital microscopy study (2002)

The conjunctival microcirculation of 18 homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) patients during steady-state, painful crisis, and postcrisis conditions was recorded on high-resolution videotapes using intravital microscopy. Selected videotape sequences were subsequently coded, frame-captured, studied, and blindly analyzed using computer-assisted image analysis protocols. At steady-state (baseline), all SCD patients exhibited some of the following morphometric abnormalities: abnormal vessel diameter, comma signs, blood sludging, boxcar blood flow phenomenon, distended vessels, damaged vessels, hemosiderin deposits, vessel tortuosity, and microaneurysms. There was a decrease in vascularity (diminished presence of conjunctival vessels) in SCD patients compared with non-SCD controls, giving the bulbar conjunctiva a "blanched" avascular appearance in most but not all SCD patients during steady-state. Averaged steady-state red cell velocity in SCD patients was slower than in non-SCD controls. During painful crisis, a further decrease in vascularity (caused by flow stoppage in small vessels) and a 36.7% +/- 5.2% decrease in large vessel (mostly venular) diameter resulted. In addition, the conjunctival red cell velocities either slowed significantly (6.6% +/- 13.1%; P <.01) or were reduced to a trickle (unmeasurable) during crisis. The microvascular changes observed during crisis were transient and reverted to steady-state baseline after resolution of crisis. When combined, intravital microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis (computer-assisted intravital microscopy) represent the availability of a noninvasive tool to quantify microvascular abnormalities in vascular diseases, including sickle cell disease. The ability to identify and relocate the same conjunctival vessels for longitudinal studies uniquely underscores the applicability of this quantitative real-time technology.
Evolutionary consequences of intra-patient phage predation on microbial populations (2014)

The impact of phage predation on bacterial pathogens in the context of human disease is not currently appreciated. Here, we show that predatory interactions of a phage with an important environmentally transmitted pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, can modulate the evolutionary trajectory of this pathogen during the natural course of infection within individual patients. We analyzed geographically and temporally disparate cholera patient stool samples from Haiti and Bangladesh and found that phage predation can drive the genomic diversity of intra-patient V. cholerae populations. Intra-patient phage-sensitive and phage-resistant isolates were isogenic except for mutations conferring phage resistance, and moreover, phage-resistant V. cholerae populations were composed of a heterogeneous mix of many unique mutants. We also observed that phage predation can significantly alter the virulence potential of V. cholerae shed from cholera patients. We provide the first molecular evidence for predatory phage shaping microbial community structure during the natural course of infection in humans.
Hardware/software co-design language compatible with VHDL (2002)

This hardware/software (hw/sw) codesign language (CDL) is a small subset of ANSI/ISO Ada. It has existed since 1980 when VHDL was initiated and is contained in IEEE 1076 VHDL-1993 with only minor differences. The objective is to design core processors using available Ada compilers on any PC. It is used as hardware description language (HDL) using Boolean expressions or alternative gate-level implementations, and to program tests and utility tools as required.
A unified theory for elastic wave propagation in polycrystalline materials (1984)

We have developed a unified approach to solve for the attenuation and phase velocity variations of elastic waves in single-phase, polycrystalline media due to scattering. Our approach is a perturbation method applicable for any material whose single-crystal anisotropy is not large, regardless of texture, grain elongation, or multiple scattering. It accurately accounts for the anisotropy of the individual grains. It is valid for time-harmonic waves with all ratios of grain size to wavelength. It uses an autocorrelation function to characterize the geometry of the grains, and thereby avoids coherent artifacts that occur if the grains are assumed to have symmetrical shapes and suggests new methods for characterizing distributions of grains that are irregularly shaped. We have carried out numerical calculations for materials that are untextured and equiaxed, and have cubic-symmetry grains and an inverse exponential spatial autocorrelation function. These calculations agree with the previous calculations which are valid in the Rayleigh, stochastic, and geometric regions, and show the transitions between these regions. The complex transition between the Rayleigh and stochastic regions for longitudinal waves, and the severe limitations of the stochastic region for grains with fairly large anisotropy are of particular interest.
Adams' Lameness in Horses (1987)

This fifth edition represents a detailed review of the development, cause, diagnosis, and treatment of lameness in horses. The book includes descriptions of the anatomy, physical features and radiographic examination procedures, as well as nutrition, and the development of diseases.
53.1: Active‐Matrix Color Displays Using Electrophoretic Ink and Color Filters (2002)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the first research prototypes of 5.0” diagonal QVGA active‐matrix driven microencapsulated electrophoretic displays that utilize color filter arrays to produce color images. We report on the performance of the electrophoretic ink material and the color filter used in the display, and discuss the method by which the display was integrated to within required tolerances. The color display exhibits “paper‐like” optics, in that the brightness and saturation of the optical states are largely independent of viewing or illumination conditions.
Dynamic hierarchical caching in large-scale distributed file systems (2003)

A simple method for constructing dynamic heirarchies on a file-by-file basis is described. The results of a trace-driven simulation of a dynamic hierarchical file system are presented. A reduction in server traffic of a factor of more than two for shared files compared with a flat scheme is obtained, without a large increase in client access time. Low-overhead techniques for maintaining cache consistency by detecting missed cache invalidation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Separation of isotopes by oscillatory flow (1988)

In 1978, Paiva [Nature 271, 434 (1978)] accomplished separation of gases by use of the ‘‘Taylor diffusion’’ which occurs in slow steady pipe flow. Results of Chatwin [J. Fluid Mech. 71, 513 (1975)], Watson [J. Fluid Mech. 133, 233 (1983)], and Kurzweg, Howell, and Jaeger [Phys. Fluids 27, 1046 (1984)] demonstrate that Taylor diffusion occurs also in the case of oscillatory pipe flow. A generalization of Paiva’s separation process to oscillatory flow is presented and possible advantages of such an implementation are explored.
2-Phenyl-4(5)-[[4-(pyrimidin-2- yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]imidazole. A Highly Selective Antagonist at Cloned Human D<sub>4</sub> Receptors (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXT2-Phenyl-4(5)-[[4-(pyrimidin-2- yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]imidazole. A Highly Selective Antagonist at Cloned Human D4 ReceptorsAndrew Thurkauf, Jun Yuan, Xi Chen, Xiao Shu He, Jan W. F. Wasley, Alan Hutchison, Kristine H. Woodruff, Robin Meade, Diane C. Hoffman, Hilary Donovan, and Deborah K. Jones-HertzogView Author Information Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 1, 1–3Publication Date (Web):January 3, 1997Publication History Received9 September 1996Published online3 January 1997Published inissue 1 January 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960637mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960637mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Assays,Chemical structure,Phenyls,Receptors Get e-Alerts
THE E FFECT O F D IVORCE O N I NFANT MORTALITY I N A R EMOTE A REA O F BANGLADESH (2001)

Summary. The process of divorce is usually lengthy and hazardous, and can start quarrels that can lead to the abuse of women and their children. This study examines the effects of divorce on neonatal and postneonatal mortality of babies born before and after divorce in Teknaf, a remote area of Bangladesh. The longitudinal demographic surveillance system (DSS) followed 1762 Muslim marriages in 1982–83 for 5 years to record divorce, deaths of spouse, emigration and births. It recorded 2696 live births during the follow-up period, and their survival status during infancy. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of divorce on neonatal and postneonatal mortality, controlling for maternal age at birth, parity, sex of the child and household economic status. The odds of neonatal and postneonatal deaths among babies born after divorce or less than 12 months before mothers were divorced were more than double the odds of those born to mothers of intact marriages. The odds of postneonatal deaths were two times higher among babies born more than 12 months before divorce happens than their peers. The high mortality of infants born before and after mothers were divorced may reflect how abusive marriage and divorce increase the vulnerability of women and children in rural Bangladesh. Divorce and abuse of women are difficult and intractable social and health problems that must be addressed.
The Feature-Based Modeling of Standard Tooth in a Dental Prosthetic Database (2005)

This paper presents a feature-based approach that creates standard teeth models in database to provide the topological construction of the model for dental CAD. The approach arises from the basic idea that every tooth has its individual features and can be implemented in three steps. In the first step, the features on teeth are defined according to the oral anatomy. In the second step, Nurbs surfaces are applied so that the forms of standard teeth can be represented via establishing the topological relationship of features. Here, these feature-based surfaces have the capability of being local controlled that guarantees the accuracy of dental design. In the last step, feature curves are presented to describe the topological construction of dental ridges and grooves. Through these curves, the occlusal surface can be changed globally, simplifying dental design. It is finished with the establishment of standard database composed of 28 standard models constructed by feature-based surfaces and feature curves.
Enhanced hybridization labeling signals in Southern blotted DNAs fractionated with voltage gradient gel electrophoresis (1998)

An enhancement of hybridization labeling signals is demonstrated in Southern blotted DNAs, fractionated by voltage gradient gel electrophoresis. This enhancement is due to a reduced thickness of each single nucleic acid band in the gel as a consequence of the gradient effect, corresponding to an increased concentration of DNA per unit area.
A cross-sectional validation study of using NERDS and STONEES to assess bacterial burden. (2009)

All chronic wounds are colonized by micro-organisms. Although the presence of bacteria is not necessarily harmful, and may be beneficial in some instances, accurate evaluation of wound-related bacterial damage and infection is crucial. A cross-sectional validation study involving 112 patients was conducted to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of clinical assessment variables individually and in combination to determine the presence and quantity of bacteria in the wound. The average age of study participants was 66 years (range 33 to 95 years) and most had leg (44) and foot (68) ulcers of approximately 6 months' duration. Wounds were evaluated using a mnemonic developed to evaluate the presence or absence of clinical signs of critical colonization (NERDS) or infection (STONEES) and results compared to semi-quantitative swab cultures. Wounds with debris, increased exudate, and friable tissue were found to be five times more likely to have scant or light bacterial growth; whereas, wounds with elevated temperature were eight times more likely to have moderate or heavy bacterial growth. When combining any three clinical signs, the sensitivity was 73.3% for scant or light and 90% for moderate and heavy bacterial growth and the specificity was 80.5% and 69.4%, respectively. Considering the importance of this clinical diagnosis, studies to examine the predictive validity of these assessment variables and culture results are warranted.
An analytical algorithm for calculation of spectral distributions of x‐ray tubes for quantitative x‐ray fluorescence analysis (1985)

Abstract Fundamental parameter methods for quantitative x‐ray fluorescence analysis require a knowledge of the spectral distributions of x‐ray tubes used for sample excitation. The theoretical models for the calculation of the spectral distributions include a number of parameters which are not known with sufficient accuracy. Also, spectral distributions have been measured for only a few x‐ray tubes operated at 45–50 kV. We have developed an algorithm for calculating x‐ray tube spectral distributions by utilizing extensive electron microprobe data obtained under various operating conditions with a Si(Li) detector. The algorithm includes the calculation of the continuum and the ratio of the characteristic line(s) to the underlying continuum intensity at the wavelength of the characteristic line(s).