gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct ErbB-2–Coupled Signaling Pathways Promote Mammary Tumors with Unique Pathologic and Transcriptional Profiles (2007)

ErbB-2 overexpression and amplification occurs in 15% to 30% of human invasive breast carcinomas associated with poor clinical prognosis. Previously, we have shown that four ErbB-2/Neu tyrosine-autophosphorylation sites within the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor recruit distinct adaptor proteins and are sufficient to mediate transforming signals in vitro. Two of these sites, representing the growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2; Neu-YB) and the Src homology and collagen (Shc; Neu-YD) binding sites, can induce mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we show that transgenic mice bearing the two other ErbB-2 autophosphorylation sites (Neu-YC and Neu-YE) develop metastatic mammary tumors. A detailed comparison of biological profiles among all Neu mutant mouse models revealed that Neu-YC, Neu-YD, and Neu-YE mammary tumors shared similar pathologic and transcriptional features. By contrast, the Neu-YB mouse model displayed a unique pathology with a high metastatic potential that correlates with a distinct transcriptional profile, including genes that promote malignant tumor progression such as metalloproteinases and chemokines. Furthermore, Neu-YB tumor epithelial cells showed abundant intracellular protein level of the chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1alpha, which may reflect the aggressive nature of this Neu mutant mouse model. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of distinct Neu-coupled signaling pathways has an important impact on the biological behavior of Neu-induced tumors.
High-Efficiency On-Line Concentration Technique of Capillary Electrochromatography (2000)

With the coexistence of the mobile phase, the stationary phase, and the electric field in capillary electrochromatography, the chromatographic zone-sharpening effect and field-enhanced sample-stacking technique were utilized to improve detection sensitivity. By the former means, with less organic modifier in the sample solution compared to that in the mobile phase, the concentration factors of neutral solutes benzoin and mephenytion were 134 and 219, respectively. Through the latter one, without electrolyte in the sample solution, the detection sensitivity of propatenene with positive charge was improved by 1600 times. While with the combination of these two methods, improvement of over 17,000 times for the sensitivity of propatenene was obtained. By the combined means, the analysis of basic pharmaceutical compounds at concentrations of nanograms per milliliter by UV detection was realized. In addition, parameters that might affect the efficiency of on-line concentration were studied and equations that described the on-line concentration procedure were deduced.
AUTOMATED CHLORINE RESIDUAL CONTROL (1969)

Automated chlorination can be accomplished by a variety of control systems, each of which leaves some margin for error and unbalance. A new system refines accuracy and stability by employing techniques that lead to system performance characteristic of the linear control loop.
Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using layered double hydroxide derived adsorbents, a critical review (2018)

Arsenic pollution has become a worldwide environmental concern. Dangerous arsenic concentrations in natural waters threaten the health of millions of people, and this has received significant attention. Among the various technologies that have been developed for arsenic removal from water, the use of adsorption technology is considered to be a prevailing method, because the adsorption approach usually has high removal efficiency and the advantage of convenience of handling. In recent years, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have become prime candidates for arsenic removal, due to their hydrophilic nature and cationic layered structures. Research on arsenic removal using LDHs is mainly focused on (1) the influence of the synthesis method and composition of the LDH, (2) the influence of the particle size of the LDH, (3) the influence of the Mg/Al ratio in LDHs, (4) LDH-based hybrids and (5) the competition with other anions. This paper provides a review of the currently available literature focusing on arsenic removal using LDHs for the five parts mentioned above. In addition, based on this overview, a closing section will suggest research efforts for future work. It is expected that this review will provide a summary of the main research in this area, and will also shed light on the direction of future development.
An improved technique for selective etching of GaAs and Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As (1980)

An improved technique is described for selectively etching ’’windows’’ in GaAs crystals with Ga1−xAlxAs (0.30⩽x⩽ 0.80) epitaxial layers. A reduction factor of 10–50 in the sample preparation time is achieved with a good reproducibility.
Adaptive modal space control of flexible structures : Applications (1997)

Implementation of Adaptive Modal Space Control (AMSC) is examined. The technique is implemented for several test cases. First, modal space control is achieved for a dominant mode of a cantilever beam. Second, the effect of actuator location on control performance is studied. Finally, the parameter histories of the adaptive plant model and regulator are examined. The modes of the beam are reasonably well separated with the exception of a pair of modes which approximate the flutter condition of an aircraft wing. This structure has modes of concern from 0-150 Hz, requiring a relatively high-bandwidth (fast) controller. The structure also requires a high channel count sensor array to prevent spatial aliasing of the filtered response and control spillover. The controller demonstrates high bandwidth and good decoupling in the presence of a time varying system. Implementation issues regarding solution of system identification and recursive control law development are examined.
Ultrafast signal processing using semiconductor laser amplifiers (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Schnabel, W. Pieper, A. Ehrhardt, M. Eiselt, and H. G. Weber, "Ultrafast signal processing using semiconductor laser amplifiers," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Vol. 14 of 1993 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1993), paper PD4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Assessment of cavitation in artificial approximal dental lesions with near-IR imaging (2017)

Bitewing radiography is still considered state-of-the-art diagnostic technology for assessing cavitation within approximal carious dental lesions, even though radiographs cannot resolve cavitated surfaces but instead are used to measure lesion depth in order to predict cavitation. Clinicians need new technologies capable of determining whether approximal carious lesions have become cavitated because not all lesions progress to cavitation. Assessing lesion cavitation from near-infrared (NIR) imaging methods holds great potential due to the high transparency of enamel in the NIR region from λ=1300-1700-nm, which allows direct visualization and quantified measurements of enamel demineralization. The objective of this study was to measure the change in lesion appearance between non-cavitated and cavitated lesions in artificially generated lesions using NIR imaging modalities (two-dimensional) at λ =1300-nm and λ=1450-nm and cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) (thee-dimensional) λ =1300-nm. Extracted human posterior teeth with sound proximal surfaces were chosen for this study and imaged before and after artificial lesions were made. A high speed dental hand piece was used to create artificial cavitated proximal lesions in sound samples and imaged. The cavitated artificial lesions were then filled with hydroxyapatite powder to simulate non-cavitated proximal lesions.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase is critical for immune-mediated liver injury in mice (2001)

Concanavalin A (Con A) causes severe TNF-alpha-mediated and IFN-gamma-mediated liver injury in mice. In addition to their other functions, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma both induce the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS). Using different models of liver injury, NO was found to either mediate or prevent liver damage. To further elucidate the relevance of NO for liver damage we investigated the role of iNOS-derived NO in the Con A model. We report that iNOS mRNA was induced in livers of Con A-treated mice within 2 hours, with iNOS protein becoming detectable in hepatocytes as well as in Kupffer cells within 4 hours. iNOS-/- mice were protected from liver damage after Con A treatment, as well as in another TNF-alpha-mediated model that is inducible by LPS in D-galactosamine-sensitized (GalN-sensitized) mice. iNOS-deficient mice were not protected after direct administration of recombinant TNF-alpha to GalN-treated mice. Accordingly, pretreatment of wild-type mice with a potent and specific inhibitor of iNOS significantly reduced transaminase release after Con A or GalN/LPS, but not after GalN/TNF-alpha treatment. Furthermore, the amount of plasma TNF-alpha and of intrahepatic TNF-alpha mRNA and protein was significantly reduced in iNOS-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that iNOS-derived NO regulates proinflammatory genes in vivo, thereby contributing to inflammatory liver injury in mice by stimulation of TNF-alpha production.
Evaluation of Nonstarch Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharide Content of Different Soybean Varieties (<i>Glycine max</i>) by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Proteomics (2005)

A total of 832 samples of soybeans were screened by near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, to identify soybean samples with a lower content of oligosaccharides and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). Of these, 38 samples were identified on the basis of variation in protein content and agronomic value and submitted to high-resolution NIR spectroscopy. On the basis of the NIR data, 12 samples were further selected for chromatographic characterization of carbohydrate composition (mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and NSP). Their soluble proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Using partial least-squares regression (PLSR), it was possible to predict the content of total NSP from the high-resolution NIR spectra, suggesting that NIR is a suitable and rapid nondestructive method to determine carbohydrate composition in soybeans. The 2DE analyses showed varying intensities of several proteins, including the glycinin G1 precursor. PLSR analysis showed a negative correlation between this protein and insoluble NSP and total uronic acid (UA).
Laser Diode Made Single-mode by an Intracavity Photorefractive Crystal (2001)

A novel extended cavity arrangement for a laser diode is proposed. It uses a dynamic holographic filter made of a photorefractive crystal and a distant plane mirror. Single-mode operation has been achieved using a 810 nm diffraction limited laser diode. The time evolution of the laser spectrum from the initial multimode operation until the final single-mode steady state is presented. The holographic filter increases the current range over which the laser is single-mode.
Selective activation of the human tibial and common peroneal nerves with a flat interface nerve electrode (2013)

Estimated joint moments suggest that plantarflexion sufficient for propulsion during stance phase of gait and dorsiflexion sufficient to prevent foot drop during swing can be achieved, accompanied by a small but tolerable inversion or eversion moment.
The Hydrodynamic Interaction Effects between Two Barges on the Motion Responses (1987)

In this paper, a three dimensional singularity distribution method is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between two barges floating on a free surface of a deep water. The results show that the hydrodynamic interaction forces are important in the calculation responses of two barges floating in each other's vicinity. Furthermore the trends of hydrodynamic forces due to the motion of body itself are different from those of a single barged, and the motions of the seaward barge can sometimes exceed those of the seaward barged.
Turbulent drag reduction at moderate Reynolds numbers via spanwise velocity waves (2012)

Abstract The question whether large turbulent drag reduction can be achieved at the high values of Re typical of applications is addressed. Answering such question, either by experiments or DNS, is obviously challenging. For DNS, the problem lies in the tremendous increase of the computational cost with Re , that has to be appreciated in view of the need of carrying out an entire parametric study at every Re , owing to the unknown location of the optimal forcing parameters. In this paper we limit ourselves to considering an open‐loop technique based on spanwise forcing, the streamwise‐traveling waves introduced by [1], and explore via Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) how the drag reduction varies when the friction Reynolds number is increased from Re τ = 200 to Re τ = 2000. To achieve high Re while keeping the computational cost affordable, computational domains of reduced size are employed. We adopted special care to interpret results that are indeed still box‐size dependent, as well as strategies to compute the random errors and give the results an error bar. Our results indicate that still R = 0.29 can be obtained at Re τ = 2000 in the partial region of the parameter space studied. The maximum R is found to decrease as R ˜ Re τ −0.22 in the Reynolds range investigated. As most important outcome, we find that the sensitivity of R to Re becomes smaller when far from the low‐ Re optimum parameters: in this region, we suggest R ˜ Re τ −0.08 . (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Load balancing of multipath source routing in ad hoc networks (2003)

A load-balancing scheme has a significant effect on the performance of the multipath routing protocol, especially in an ad hoc network environment. In order to analyze the effect on the distribution of input traffic among multiple paths in MSR (multipath source routing), we first established a network queuing model that would incorporate the cross-traffic among these paths. We then considered the load balancing as an optimization problem. The solution to the optimization problem is interestingly in accordance with the heuristic equation proposed by Wang ICC'2001 (2001). Our simulation results show that MSR with load balancing is so effective that the end-to-end delay is decreased significantly while the network resource can be utilized more efficiently than that in DSR (dynamic source routing).
The Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions in the Task of Automatic Interpretation of Nominal Phrases and Compounds: A Cross-Linguistic Study (2008)

In this article we explore the syntactic and semantic properties of prepositions in the context of the semantic interpretation of nominal phrases and compounds. We investigate the problem based on cross-linguistic evidence from a set of six languages: English, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, and Romanian. The focus on English and Romance languages is well motivated. Most of the time, English nominal phrases and compounds translate into constructions of the form N P N in Romance languages, where the P (preposition) may vary in ways that correlate with the semantics. Thus, we present empirical observations on the distribution of nominal phrases and compounds and the distribution of their meanings on two different corpora, based on two state-of-the-art classification tag sets: Lauer's set of eight prepositions and our list of 22 semantic relations. A mapping between the two tag sets is also provided. Furthermore, given a training set of English nominal phrases and compounds along with their translations in the five Romance languages, our algorithm automatically learns classification rules and applies them to unseen test instances for semantic interpretation. Experimental results are compared against two state-of-the-art models reported in the literature.
GALS SoC interconnect bus for wireless sensor network processor platforms (2007)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new System-on-Chip bus designed for the application specific requirements of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) platforms. The bus is designed to support Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) systems. The bus is multi-rate with delay tolerance to support Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaled (DVFS) sub-systems. Unlike traditional buses, the sub-systems operate as peers, rather than as master-slaves. Lowpower features include clock gating when inactive and burst transfers. The bus supports up to 255 interconnected resources.
integrOmics: an R package to unravel relationships between two omics datasets (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distortion correction for digital cameras (2002)

This paper describes a method to correct lens distortion for digital cameras. A simple but effective distortion model using local spatial transformation will be used. In addition, the effect of effective focal length on the distortion model will be considered, and we will discuss how to introduce this factor to enhance the model. Finally we have some theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrating that the correction improves the accuracy of image stitching.
Effects of Iron on Activated Sludge Treatment (1973)

The importance of inorganic nutrients on activated sludge treatment has not been emphasized or studied extensively. Studies of the fundamentals of inorganic ions have been limited to nitrogen and phosphorus, yet basic microbiology has shown the importance of many other nutrients. Iron plays a major role in the oxidation-reduction reactions involved with the treatment of organic wastes and was the subject of this investigation. This work showed that insufficient iron in activated sludge treatment systems decreases the rate of organic metabolism and causes bulking conditions. Variations in other biological treatment parameters may be associated with iron or other inorganic nutrient limitation conditions.
Role of functionality in MDI‐based elastomer preparation (1994)

Abstract In our study of functionality, a control 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)‐based elastomer prepared from a linear polyester and a linear chain extender was compared to (1) those having functionality synthesized into the backbone of the polyester and (2) those having the functionality added as part of the chain extender package. A wide range of physical and mechanical properties of the finished elastomers were compared. The resultant information offers a strong basic understanding of the role of functionality in an MDI‐based polyester elastomer and also provides the complex chemical relationships involved in formulating a desired elastomer. This information will better enable the urethane researcher and manufacturer to pick and choose those attributes of elastomeric functionality that are necessary to fulfill their needs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of acetylacetone to prepare a prodrug of cycloserine (1980)

Several derivatives of cycloserine (1) were prepared and it was found that (R)-4-[(1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl)-amino]-3-isoxazolidinone (11), the condensation product of acetylacetone and cycloserine (1), was an efficacious prodrug of increased stability under aqueous conditions.
Microfluidic‐Based Generation of Size‐Controlled, Biofunctionalized Synthetic Polymer Microgels for Cell Encapsulation (2014)

Cell and islet microencapsulation in synthetic hydrogels provides an immunoprotective and cell-supportive microenvironment. A microfluidic strategy for the genaration of biofunctionalized, synthetic microgel particles with precise control over particle size and molecular permeability for cell and protein delivery is presented. These engineered capsules support high cell viability and function of encapsulated human stem cells and islets.
Effect of substituents upon melting points of linear polyesters (1955)

Abstract Melting points were determined for several series of linear polyesters containing substituents either in the acid or glycol unit. The number of substituents was progressively increased by preparing copolyesters containing both unsubstituted and substituted glycol or acid units. The following systems were studied: (1) Those with trimethylene and 2‐methyltrimethylene glycols show decreasing melting points as the number of methyl groups is increased, because they introduce tetrahedral asymmetry. If the structrual unit is relatively short, crystallinity is completely destroyed. (2) Those with trimethylene and 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene glycols show eutectic type melting point curves, since the substituent groups do not introduce asymmetry. The completely substituted polyesters have new crystal structures which give sharp X‐ray patterns. Those from short acids (C 2–4 ) have higher melting points than the unsubstituted polyesters, while the others have lower melting points. The polyesters with an odd number of chain atoms in the unit have higher melting points than the even ones. The ability to pack closely into the crystal lattice appears to be important, a view supported by melting points of certain polyesters of β,β‐dimethylgultaric acid. (3) Those with trimethylene and 2‐methylenetrimethylene glycols and sebacic acid give a eutectic type curve, because of the appearance of a new crystal structure. (4) Those with succinic and α‐methylsuccinic acids and decamethylene glycol give progressively decreased melting points, decreased breaks in heating curves, and an increasingly distorted lattice as the number of methyl groups is increased, because random “head‐to‐head” and “head‐to‐tail” polymerization makes the completely substituted polyester irregular. (5) The polyester of d ‐α,β‐dimethoxysuccinic acid and tetramethylene glycol is highly crystalline because the substituent groups are oriented in a regular manner. The meso ‐polyester did not crystallize because of more random orientation of substituents. Decamethylene d ‐tartrate similarly melts higher than the meso ‐tartrate.
Specificity for in vivo graft prolongation in gamma delta T cell receptor+ hybridomas derived from mice given portal vein donor-specific preimmunization and skin allografts (1997)

gamma delta TCR+ hybridoma cells prepared from mesenteric lymph node cells of animals receiving donor-specific immunization via the portal vein can adoptively transfer this increased graft survival to naive animals. Analysis of TCR gamma-chain junctional sequence diversity suggested that some 40 to 50% of the hybridomas expressed gamma-chain junctional sequence diversity and were stimulated to produce cytokines both by heat shock proteins and by minor histocompatibility Ag-specific irradiated peritoneal cells. The remaining gamma delta TCR+ hybridoma cells expressed TCR with a common gamma-chain junctional sequence and were stimulated to cytokine production by MHC-matched, but minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched (as well as matched), peritoneal cells, but not by heat shock proteins. We have compared the effectiveness of representative hybridomas expressing unique gamma-chain junctional sequences or common gamma-chain junctional sequences for prolongation of donor-specific or third-party (MHC-matched or MHC-mismatched) skin grafts. Our data show a good correlation between the specificity for stimulation for cytokine production in vitro and efficacy in graft prolongation assays in vivo. Hybridoma cells expressing unique gamma-chain junctional sequences that showed Ag-specific stimulation of cytokine production in vitro and skin graft survival in vivo augmented survival of third-party skin grafts if simultaneously transplanted with both Ag-specific and third-party skin grafts. Graft prolongation in vivo using cells from either population of gamma delta TCR+ hybridomas was decreased by infusion of anti-IL-10 mAb and abolished when both anti-IL-10 and anti-TGF-beta Abs were used together.