gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral hypertemporal feature extraction methods with applications to aquatic invasives target detection (2006)

In this dissertation, methods are designed and validated for the utilization of hyperspectral hypertemporal remotely sensed data in target detection applications. Two new classes of methods are designed to optimize the selection of target detection features from spectro-temporal space data. The first method is based on the consideration that all the elements of the spectro-temporal map are independent of each other. The second method is based on the consideration that the elements of the spectro-temporal map have some vicinal dependency among them. Methods designed for these two approaches include various stepwise selection methods, windowing approaches, and clustering techniques. These techniques are compared to more traditional feature extraction methods such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), spectral analysis, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The efficacies of the new methods are demonstrated within an aquatic invasive species detection application, namely discriminating waterhyacinth from other aquatic vegetation such as American lotus. These two aquatic plant species are chosen for testing the proposed methods as they have very similar physical characteristics and they represent a practical life target detection problem. It is observed from the overall classification accuracy estimates that the proposed feature extraction methods show a marked improvement over conventional methods. Along with improving the accuracy estimates, these methods demonstrate a capability to drastically reduce the dimensionality while retaining the desired hyperspectral hypertemporal features. Furthermore, the feature set extracted using the newly developed methods provide information about the optimum subset of the hyperspectral hypertemporal data for a specific target detection application, which makes these methods serve as tools to strategize more intelligent data collection plans.
Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea, in contrast to other Candida species, bind iC3b and C3d but not C3b (1985)

It was demonstrated that complement-coated sheep erythrocytes bind to Candida albicans cells grown in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium. Testing of purified complement components proved that iC3b and C3d were responsible for the reaction, whereas C3b and C3b-H reacted only slightly if at all. Binding occurred only to C. albicans and C. stellatoidea, not to other species pathogenic to humans. There was evidence of a lectinlike nature of the effect.
Unmasking of a proliferation-restraining activity of the anti-apoptosis protein EBV BHRF1. (1996)

The BHRF1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a structural and functional homolog of the Bcl-2 protein. Both BHRF1 and Bcl-2 proteins promote the survival of cells exposed to various apoptotic stimuli. This promotion of cell survival is associated with a block in proliferation. It is believed that the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptosis proteins contribute to oncogenesis merely by promoting cell survival. We have discovered that mutations within a regulatory domain of the BHRF1 protein not only suppress apoptosis induced by the tumor suppressor protein p53, but also permit efficient proliferation of cells that would otherwise undergo total apoptosis. These gain-of-function mutants of BHRF1 cooperate more efficiently with the E1a oncogene in transformation of primary rat kidney cells where E1A expression results in apoptosis. Our results suggest that such mutational inactivation of a proliferation-restraining activity in the BHRF1 gene may play a direct role in oncogenesis.
Microfabricated incandescent lamps (1991)

A silicon filament vacuum sealed incandescent light source has been fabricated using IC technology. The incandescent source consists of a heavily doped p(+) polysilicon filament coated with silicon nitride and enclosed in a vacuum sealed ( approximately 80-mT) cavity in the silicon chip surface. The filament is electrically heated to reach incandescence at a temperature near 1400 K. The power required to achieve this temperature for a filament 510 x 5 x 1 microm(3) is 5 mW yielding a total optical power of 250 microW with a peak distribution wavelength near 2.5 microm. The radiation emitted by this source approximately follows Lambert's cosine law. The energy conversion efficiency is 5%.
Amperometric Detection of Peroxides with Poly(anilinomethylferrocene)-Modified Enzyme Electrodes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric Detection of Peroxides with Poly(anilinomethylferrocene)-Modified Enzyme ElectrodesAshok. Mulchandani, Chia-Lin. Wang, and Howard H. WeetallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1, 94–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00097a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00097a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Glycoprotein gB Promotes Virus Entry In <i>Trans</i> Acting as the Viral Fusion Protein Rather than as a Receptor-Binding Protein (2013)

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoproteins gB and gH/gL are both necessary and sufficient for cell-cell fusion. However, it is not clear what roles these glycoproteins play in virus entry, whether acting directly in membrane fusion or in binding receptors. With other herpesviruses, it appears that gB is the fusion protein and is triggered by gH/gL, which, in some cases, binds receptors. However, for HCMV, there is published evidence that gB binds cellular ligands necessary to promote virus entry into or signaling of cells. Most mechanistic information on herpesvirus fusion proteins involves cell-cell fusion assays, which do not allow a determination of whether gB or gH/gL in the virion envelope must be oriented toward cellular membranes that contain receptors. Here, we showed that HCMV virions lacking gB were unable to enter normal cells but entered cells that expressed gB. Analyses of gB mutants lacking the cytoplasmic domain or with substitutions in putative "fusion loops" provided evidence that gB fusion activity was required for this "entry in trans." In gB-mediated entry in trans, gB is oriented toward the virion envelope that apparently lacks receptors, arguing against an essential role for gB in binding receptors or signaling molecules. In contrast, particles lacking gH/gL did not enter cells expressing gH/gL, apparently because gH/gL must be oriented toward cellular membranes (which have receptors). Coupled with our previous interference studies, in which gH/gL expressed in cells blocked HCMV entry, our findings here support the hypothesis that HCMV gH/gL binds cellular receptors before triggering gB, which acts as the fusion protein. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces major disease in neonates and immunosuppressed transplant patients. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV requires two membrane glycoproteins, gB and gH/gL, to enter host cells. However, it has not been clear how gB and gH/gL function in two steps of the HCMV entry pathway, i.e., (i) binding of cellular receptors and (ii) fusion of the virion envelope with cellular membranes. There are studies that suggest that HCMV gB is required for receptor binding and other studies suggesting that gH/gL is the receptor binding protein and gB is the fusion protein. Here, we show that HCMV virions lacking gB can enter cells that express gB in cellular membranes. In contrast, virus particles lacking gH/gL could not enter cells expressing gH/gL. Our study supports the hypothesis that gB is the fusion protein and gH/gL acts upstream of gB to bind receptors and then activate gB for fusion.
Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of novel benzodifuran semiconducting polymers (2012)

Abstract Two new semiconducting polymers poly{4,8‐bis(4‐decylphenylethynyl)benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]difuran} ( P1 ) and poly {4,8‐bis(4‐decylphenylethynyl)benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]difuran‐ alt ‐4,8‐bis(4‐decylphenylethynyl)benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophene} ( P2 ) have been synthesized. These polymers were tested in bulk heterojunction solar cells yielding power conversion efficiencies of 1.19% for P1 and 0.79% for P2 . The surface morphology of the solar cell devices indicated that both the polymers display a granular morphology with smoother films displaying higher power conversion efficiencies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Plasma Progesterone Levels During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy in Cows1 (1970)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in serum with a radioimmunoassay and progesterone was measured in plasma with a competitive protein binding assay throughout the cycle and early pregnancy in cows. Blood samples (162) were collected during five estrous cycles and five periods of early pregnancy from seven nonlactating dairy cows. LH concentrations as high as 100 ng/ml (range 7–100 ng/ml) were obtained 3 to 6 hr after the onset of estrus. Elevated levels lasted for 8 to 10 hr. LH was below 1 ng/ml during most of the 20 to 25 days following estrus in both pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The concentrations of progesterone in plasma reached a peak on day 14 in pregnant cows and on day 16 in nonpregnant cows. Progesterone concentrations were higher from days 10 to 14 in the pregnant cows than in the nonpregnant cows. The concentrations of serum LH and plasma progesterone were not associated during the estrous cycle or early pregnancy as determined by submitting the data to regression analyses.
The thermal dissociation of diphosphoros tetrafluoride and the formation of tetraphosphorus hexafluoride (1968)

D. Solan and P. L. Timms, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1540 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001540
Ada tool to framework interface for avionics integrated project support environments (2002)

It is pointed out that integrated project support environments (IPSEs) will be critical to the acquisition of future avionics systems. IPSEs provide an environment in which tools can work effectively together to support avionics system projects for the total software development life-cycle. The main strength of IPSEs includes interoperability and the portability of tools, databases, and personnel from one environment to another. This results in higher-quality avionics systems, on schedule and within cost, CAIS-A and PCTE+, two major IPSE interface standards, are being converged into a single interface standard. This standard, called the portable common interface set, (PCIS), is intended to be the backbone of future DoD IPSEs for the development of avionics systems. The motivation behind interface technology as it pertains to the development of avionics software is addressed. Some of the technical issues associated with the convergence of the CAIS-A and PCTE+ specifications to produce the PCIS are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Navigating and Annotating Semantically-Enabled Networks of People and Associated Objects (2008)

Social spaces such as blogs, wikis and online social networking sites are enabling the formation of online communities where people are linked to each other through direct profile connections and also through the content items that they are creating, sharing and tagging. As these spaces become bigger and more distributed, more intuitive ways of navigating the associated information become necessary. The Semantic Web aims to link identifiable objects to each other and to textual strings via relationships and attributes respectively, and provides a platform for gathering diverse information from heterogeneous sources and performing operations on such linked data. In this paper, we will demonstrate how this linked semantic data can provide an enhanced view of the activity in a social network, and how the Galaxy tool described in this work can augment objects from social spaces, by highlighting related people and objects, and suggesting relevant sources of knowledge.
Recent Developments on Future Antidepressant-related Serotonin Receptors (2018)

Conventional serotonin-enhancing antidepressants including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have shown effectiveness in the treatment of major depression, but their significant limitations such as slowness of action have led to intensive research efforts to develop new antidepressants. Increased synaptic neurotransmission of serotonin (5-hdroxytryptamine; 5-HT) through orchestration of stimulation and blockade of various subtypes of 5-HT receptors is involved in the mechanisms of action of SSRIs. Agonists at the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT4, and 5-HT6 receptors and antagonists at the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5- HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors have shown antidepressant properties in clinical and preclinical studies. However, paradoxical antidepressant-like effects of both agonists and antagonists at particular 5-HT receptors suggest the need to consider the neurochemical mechanisms of each 5-HT receptor subtype. Therefore, better knowledge of the involvement of individual 5-HT receptors in the mechanisms of action of currently used antidepressants as well as antidepressant effects of selective ligands of 5- HT receptor subtypes will provide opportunities for the development of future antidepressants with more rapid onset of action, fewer side effects, and better efficacy than SSRIs.
Directional control of cell motility through focal adhesion positioning and spatial control of Rac activation (2008)

Local physical interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) influence directional cell motility that is critical for tissue development, wound repair, and cancer metastasis. Here we test the possibility that the precise spatial positioning of focal adhesions governs the direction in which cells spread and move. NIH 3T3 cells were cultured on circular or linear ECM islands, which were created using a microcontact printing technique and were 1 microm wide and of various lengths (1 to 8 microm) and separated by 1 to 4.5 microm wide nonadhesive barrier regions. Cells could be driven proactively to spread and move in particular directions by altering either the interisland spacing or the shape of similar-sized ECM islands. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that focal adhesions assembled preferentially above the ECM islands, with the greatest staining intensity being observed at adhesion sites along the cell periphery. Rac-FRET analysis of living cells revealed that Rac became activated within 2 min after peripheral membrane extensions adhered to new ECM islands, and this activation wave propagated outward in an oriented manner as the cells spread from island to island. A computational model, which incorporates that cells preferentially protrude membrane processes from regions near newly formed focal adhesion contacts, could predict with high accuracy the effects of six different arrangements of micropatterned ECM islands on directional cell spreading. Taken together, these results suggest that physical properties of the ECM may influence directional cell movement by dictating where cells will form new focal adhesions and activate Rac and, hence, govern where new membrane protrusions will form.
Cationic, helical polypeptide-based gene delivery for IMR-90 fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells (2013)

Diblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly(γ-4-(((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)methyl)benzyl-L-glutamate) (PEG-<i>b</i>-PVBLG-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mediate gene delivery in hard-to-transfect cells like IMR-90 human fetal lung fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The PEG-<i>b</i>-PVBLG-8 contained a membrane-disruptive, cationic, helical polypeptide block (PVBLG-8) for complexing with DNA and a hydrophilic PEG block to improve the biocompatibility of the gene delivery vehicle. The incorporation of PEG effectively reduced the toxicity of the helical PVBLG-8 block without dramatically compromising the polymer's ability to destabilize membranes or form complexes with DNA. PEG-<i>b</i>-PVBLG-8 copolymers with low (n = 76) and high (n = 287) degrees of polymerization (n) of the PVBLG-8 block were synthesized and evaluated for gene delivery. PEG-<i>b</i>-PVBLG-8 diblock polymers with a high degree of polymerization have a greater transfection efficiency and lower toxicity in IMR-90 cells than the commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. The usefulness of PEG-<i>b</i>-PVBLG-8 was further demonstrated via the successful transfection of hESCs without a measured loss in cell pluripotency markers.
Recent Advances in Studies on Milk Oligosaccharides of Cows and Other Domestic Farm Animals (2013)

Human mature milk and colostrum contain 12-13 g/L and 22-24 g/L of milk oligosaccharides respectively, and the structures of least 115 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been characterized to date. By way of comparison, bovine colostrum collected immediately post partum contains only around 1 g/L of oligosaccharides, and this concentration rapidly decreases after 48 h. It was recently recognized that HMOs have several biological functions, and this study area has become very active, as illustrated by a recent symposium, but it appears that advances in studies on the milk oligosaccharides of domestic farm animals, including cows, have been rather slow compared with those on HMOs. Nevertheless, studies on bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) have progressed recently, especially in regard to structural characterization, with the development of methods termed glycomics. This review is concerned with recent progress in studies on the milk oligosaccharides of domestic farm animals, especially of BMOs and bovine glycoproteins, and it discusses the possibility of industrial utilization in the near future.
Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease (2007)

These findings demonstrate an association between antecedent statin use and neurofibrillary tangle burden at autopsy. Additional study is needed to examine whether statin use may be causally related to decreased development of Alzheimer disease-related neuropathologic changes.
[Expression of Epstein-Barr virus A73 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and its subcellular location]. (2003)

EBV-A73 gene expresses widely in NPC tissue from Guangdong region and its encoding protein can stably express in cytoplasm of epithelial cell in vitro,suggesting A73 is highly correlated with the occurrence and development of NPC, and A73 gene may take part in the signal conduction related to epithelial oncogenesis as a signal molecule.
Dynamic model and control algorithm of HVAC system for dynamic wireless charging EV application (2013)

In recent years, there have been increased interests and demands on electrical vehicles (EVs) as one of the green technologies. In order to overcome the critical issues of the batteries on EV introduction, we introduce the new concept of EV charging method, called On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> ). This technology utilizes the inductive power transmission principle, so that the EV can be charged while the vehicle is in motion or stationary. In this paper the brief operating method on the OLEV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> is introduced. Like other EV applications, the vehicle requires to have properly designed heating, cooling, and air-conditioning system. Also minimizing the power consumption of the power electronics inside the vehicle, and meeting customers' perspective on the cooling and heating performance is important, and thus it is necessary develop a proper sets of dynamic models and control algorithms for Heating Ventilation Air-Conditioning (HVAC) linked together with the other required system operation, such as the power drive and wireless charging on this system. Based on the operation conditions, an intelligent control algorithm of HVAC system is developed considering important parameters such as dynamic power supply condition from the powered road, pick up power capacity and battery state of charge (SOC) level in view of driving distance. Hierarchical algorithmic decision process of heating and cooling operation based upon the available energy storage within the vehicle, instantaneous and accumulated on-road power supply, and controlling the air conditioning compressor speed, is developed and discussed in order to maximize the customers' satisfaction.
<i>Ellipsometry and Polarized Light</i> (1978)

Preface. 1. The polarization of light waves. 2. Propagation of polarized light through polarizing optical systems. 3. Theory and analysis of measurements in ellipsometer systems. 4. Reflection and transmission of polarized light by stratified planar structures. 5. Instrumentation and techniques of ellipsometry. 6. Applications of ellipsometry. Appendix. Author index. Subject index.
Pt-based nanowires as electrocatalysts in proton exchange fuel cells (2012)

Platinum (Pt)-based nanowires can give excellent performance as electrochemical catalysts in low-temperature proton exchange fuel cells (PEFCs). Several preparation methods have been developed for this kind of application. In this paper, we review the development history of Pt-based nanowires for low-temperature fuel cells, focusing on the preparation method from the early template technique for the polycrystalline nanowires to the simple wet chemical approaches for preparing single crystal ones today. The limitations and future developments are also discussed. Copyright , Oxford University Press.
Topical administration of adrenergic receptor pharmaceutics and nerve growth factor (2010)

Topical application of nerve growth factor (NGF) and adrenergic receptor pharmaceutics are currently in use for corneal ulcers and glaucoma. A recent interest in the neuroprotective abilities of NGF has led to a renewed interest in NGF as a therapeutic for retinal and choroidal diseases. NGF can promote cell proliferation through actions of the TrkA receptor or promote apoptosis through receptor p75(NTR). This understanding has led to novel interest in the role of NGF for diseases of the posterior eye. The role of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists for treatments of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and their potential mechanisms of action, are still under investigation. This review discusses the current knowledge and applications of topical NGF and adrenergic receptor drugs for ocular disease.