gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network modeling of an aperture coupling between microstrip line and patch antenna for active array applications (1988)

An analytical method based on the aperture coupling theory and the derivation of the S-parameter matrix has been developed for modeling a microstrip line coupled to a microstrip patch antenna using a circular coupling aperture. Closed-form solutions were derived for scattering parameters of the coupling circuit. Input impedance and matching condition can be calculated from the equivalent six-port network. The theoretical results agree well with the measurements. The analysis should have many applications in active array and spatial power combining systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modified Clays for Waste Containment and Pollutant Attenuation (1997)

In this study, the use of organically modified clay to remove the high-strength organic pollutants in leachate as well as reduce its liquid flow was investigated. Various physical and chemical factors that may affect the suitability of using the modified clay in removing and retarding the movement of contaminants have been examined. These factors include the structural stability of the modified clay, soil and swelling properties, sorption capacity for nonpolar and polar organics at different pH solutions, and chemical permeants on clay permeability under different effective stresses. The uptake of eight organics (benzene, toluene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) by organoclay BB-40 is found to be significant and increases with an increase in their hydrophobicity. The hydraulic conductivities of organoclay BB-40 under an effective stress of 70 kN/m2 (∼10 psi) are 7 × 10−9 cm/s to tap water, 1.6 × 10−8 cm/s to landfill codisposal leachate, and 1.1 × 10−7 cm/s to synthetic leachate. The experimental results suggest that the use of organoclay as a liner material would provide a barrier with the ability to effectively remove dissolved organic contaminants, and to resist the flow of leachate.
Fate of Starch in Food Processing: From Raw Materials to Final Food Products (2010)

Starch, an essential component of an equilibrated diet, is present in cereals such as common and durum wheat, maize, rice, and rye, in roots and tubers such as potato and cassava, and in legumes such as peas. During food processing, starch mainly undergoes nonchemical transformations. Here, we focus on the occurrence of starch in food raw materials, its composition and properties, and its transformations from raw material to final products. We therefore describe a number of predominant food processes and identify research needs. Nonchemical transformations that are dealt with include physical damage to starch, gelatinization, amylose-lipid complex formation, amylose crystallization, and amylopectin retrogradation. A main focus is on wheat-based processes. (Bio)chemical modifications of starch by amylolytic enzymes are dealt with only in the context of understanding the starch component in bread making.
Optimum subband filter bank design and compensation in presence of quantizers (2002)

Optimum M-band subband codec structure in the presence of PDF-optimized quantizers is proposed. Using the polyphase decomposition of analysis/synthesis filter bank(FB), we derive the formula for mean square error(MSE) at the reconstructed output. We show that the optimum M-band FB structure can be designed by a suitable choice of a simple scalar compensator following each quantizer. Specific design examples have been developed for two different classes of filter banks, the paraunitary FB and the biorthogonal FB for the 2 channel case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential survival following trastuzumab treatment based on quantitative HER2 expression and HER2:HER2 dimerization in a clinic-based cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer (2007)

1025 Background: Women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that overexpress HER2 experience improved overall survival (OS) when treated with trastuzumab. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2 protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 gene amplification are the preferred methods of determining HER2 positivity. However, not all HER2 positive patients respond equally well to trastuzumab. We describe the identification of subgroups of HER2+ patients with distinct clinical outcomes based on their quantitative levels of HER2 expression and HER2:HER2 dimerization. Methods: 75 patients with MBC drawn from six oncology clinics in Japan were assayed for HER2 expression and HER2:HER2 dimerization using FFPE specimens by the eTag assay, a proximity-based assay designed to detect and quantify protein-protein dimers. All patients had MBC, were treated with at least one chemotherapy (CT) regimen prior to receiving trastuzumab, and had FFPE specimens available for testing. 33% had at least 3 metastatic sites. 88% were selected for treatment based on IHC and 12% based on FISH. 16% were treated with trastuzumab alone and 84% with trastuzumab plus CT. Median clinical follow-up was 26 months. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses were performed. Results: The most significant variables associated with OS were the presence of brain metastases and the total number of metastases. In the overall population, correcting for the confounding influence of number of metastases, KM analyses demonstrated that patients with higher HER2 expression survived significantly longer than patients with lower HER2 expression (HR for death = 0.36, p = 0.0036). This relationship was even more significant for HER2:HER2 dimers (HR = 0.29, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: In a clinic-based population of Japanese women with MBC treated with heterogeneous prior and concomitant (with trastuzumab) CT regimens, the quantitative levels of HER2 expression and HER2:HER2 dimerization identified subsets of patients within a population of pre-selected HER2+ patients with different probabilities of long-term survival following trastuzumab treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Loop induction variable canonicalization in parallelizing compilers (2002)

Loop induction variable canonicalization transforms a loop to use a single primary induction variable that is incremented by one at the end of each iteration. In this process, other induction variables in the loop, called secondary induction variables, are removed from the loop, with their original references expressed in terms of the primary induction variable, and their loop exit values assigned to them after the loop exit. This paper presents a simple and powerful approach to loop induction variable canonicalization in which the problem is broken up into a sequence of steps. The whole canonicalization process is integrated into a global optimizer that builds an SSA representation of the program, performs global optimizations and hands the optimized code on to other components in the compiler that perform loop and instruction level parallelization. By taking advantage of optimizations that will be performed later each step in the canonicalization process can be made small and efficient. By letting generic parts of the optimizer share in the work, the approach infuses generality into the solution and provides automatic coverage of a wide variety of forms of induction variable occurrences. A number of examples are given to show the effectiveness of the approach. We also provide a set of measurements that shows that the additional compile-time cost incurred due to implementing our approach is small.
Donnan-membrane effects in hyperfiltration of ternary systems (1975)

When aqueous solutions are forced through membranes by the application of pressure, as in hyperfiltration, the presence of a membrane-impermeable ion in the pressurized solution can markedly affect the transport of co-ions through the membrane. This effect is demonstrated experimentally with several types of membrane and found to be general. A simple model is developed to describe the observations. The model is an extension of Donnan's original equilibrium treatment to the non-equilibrium situation occurring in hyperfiltration.
Energy use of set-top boxes and telephony products in the U.S. (2001)

The goal of this investigation was to estimate the 1999 energy consumption of set-top boxes and telephony products in the U.S. residential sector. Results of this study will be used to identify new energy conservation opportunities and to align programs with those opportunities. We conducted a bottom-up analysis for set-top boxes and telephony products using our own power measurements and stock and usage estimates from secondary sources. The most common set-top boxes in U.S. homes in 1999 were analog cable boxes, digital cable boxes, wireless receivers, and game consoles. According to these measurements, analog cable boxes and wireless receivers draw between 10 and 15 watts, while digital cable boxes draw between 20 and 25 watts in both the Active and Standby modes. Video games used less than 2 watts in Standby mode, and about 8 watts when Active. We estimate that set-top boxes accounted for 0.7% of residential electricity use in 1999. Our investigation of telephony products included answering machines, cordless phones, cordless phone answering machine combination units, and mobile phone chargers. Answering machines, cordless phones, and combination units use between 2 and 3 watts in both the Active and Standby modes. Mobile phone chargers use about 1 watt in standby. We estimate that these telephony products account for 0.5% of U.S. residential electricity consumption. Together, set-tops and telephony constituted 1.2% of U.S. residential electricity consumption in 1999. Standby power use accounted for about 60% of this energy use. The combined total energy use of the products investigated for this study and those researched previously for this series of reports account for about 6.6% of residential electricity use in the U.S.
Exact two-level minimization of hazard-free logic with multiple-input changes (1995)

This paper describes a new method for exact hazard-free logic-minimization of Boolean functions. Given an incompletely-specified Boolean function, the method produces a minimum-cost sum-of-products implementation which is hazard-free for a given set of multiple-input changes, if such a solution exists. The method is a constrained version of the Quine-McCluskey algorithm. It has been automated and applied to a number of examples. Results are compared with results of a comparable non-hazard-free method (espresso-exact). Overhead due to hazard elimination is shown to be negligible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The acute and chronic toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to three freshwater invertebrates (1991)

Abstract The acute and chronic toxicities of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to adaphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia), a hydra (Hydra littoralis), and a midge (Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus) were examined. RDX concentrations at the solubility limit of the compound under specific test conditions (17.0 mg RDX/L, Ceriodaphnia dubia at 25°C; 32.3 mg RDX/L, Hydra littoralis at 22°C; and 29.2 mg RDX/L, Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus at 22°C) were not acutely toxic to any of the three tested invertebrates. In a 7-d survival and reproduction test with Ceriodaphnia dubia, RDX caused no significant effect on survival, but reduced reproductive success. The no-observed-effect concentration, lowest-observed-effect concentration, and chronic value for Ceriodaphnia dubia were 3.64, 6.01, and 4.68 mg/L, respectively. In an egg-to-egg life cycle test with Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus, survival, growth, egg production, and hatching success were unaffected by RDX. Although not statistically significant, reductions in emergence success were observed at concentrations as low as 6.78 mg/L.
Polynucleotide: Adenosine Glycosidase Activity of Immunotoxins Containing Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (2000)

Polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidases (rRNA N-glycosidases, EC 3.2.2.22, more commonly known as ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIP) are a numerous family of plant and bacterial enzymes, shown to release also adenine from DNA in vitro. They are well suited for the preparation of specifically toxic conjugates with several carriers, including monoclonal antibodies (immunotoxins). Here we show that (i) immunotoxins containing various PNAG (dianthin, gelonin, momordin I, PAP-S, PDS-2, ricin A-chain, saporin-L1, saporin-S6) all act on DNA; (ii) activity on DNA in vitro is less compromised by disulphide linkage to antibody than is inhibition of cell-free protein translation; and (iii) specific cytotoxicity of immunotoxin does not correlate with substrate specificity.
Thromboplastin (tissue factor) in plasma membranes of human monocytes (1985)

The synthesis of thromboplastin, a potent trigger of blood coagulation, can be induced in human peripheral blood monocytes. Indirect evidence suggests that newly synthesized thromboplastin becomes in part available on the cell surface. We have attempted to study the localization and availability of thromboplastin more directly by isolating plasma membranes from isolated human peripheral blood monocytes. The specific activities of the plasma membrane markers increased 16-22-fold in these preparations with a recovery of about 15%. The contamination by mitochondria, lysosomes, nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum was low as estimated by marker enzymes and electron microscopy. In both unstimulated and stimulated monocytes thromboplastin was largely recovered in this plasma membrane fraction, providing direct evidence for its membrane localization. Phospholipase C (E.C. 3.1.4.3) is a potent inactivator of thromboplastin through its hydrolysis of the phospholipids necessary for thromboplastin activity [Otnaess, Prydz, Bjørklid & Berre (1972) Eur. J. Biochem. 27, 238-243]. About 70% of the total membrane thromboplastin activity was inactivated when whole cells were treated with phospholipase C and the membranes subsequently isolated. Following stimulation to induce thromboplastin synthesis, the plasma membranes showed a shift in their relative content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine consistent with a transmethylation process.
OSS X.25 design for SONET (2002)

The technical specifications and requirements for the synchronous optical network (SONET) have been published in the CCITT's recommendations, and by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) and Bellcore. The SONET operations data networking criteria are consistent with the telecommunication management network (TMN) which provides communications paths for the SONET network element/operations system (NE/OS). An X.25 prototype circuit board is implemented. The protocol stack consists of the RS-232 in layer 1, the X.25 LAPB in layer 2, the packet layer protocol (PLP) in layer 3 and the TL1 command language in the application layer. The circuit boards are tested and used for OSS connections.
Murine monoclonal IgG3 to human colorectal tumor-associated antigens: enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by interleukin 2. (1989)

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAB) of the IgG3 subclass generated to colorectal tumor-associated glycolipids were assessed for enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by interleukin 2 (IL-2). Mononuclear cell preparations containing large granular lymphocyte effectors required only low doses of IL-2 (0.1-10 units/ml) and short exposure (3 h) for maximal enhancement of ADCC. Exposure of mononuclear cells for longer periods (1-6 days) to higher levels of IL-2 (100-1000 units/ml) resulted in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer N cells which were lytically active without antibody. A non-ADCC MAB of the IgG1 subclass showed no ADCC even after stimulation of effector cells with IL-2. Effector cells pretreated with IL-2 showed an enhanced rate of cytolysis of target cells in the presence of antibody. Pretreatment of effector cells with IgG3 MAB resulted in lower ADCC, but pretreatment of target cells or simultaneous addition of MAB and effectors to target cells gave higher levels. These results indicated that ADCC with murine IgG3 is enhanced by levels of IL-2 achievable in current patient trials. The combination of antibody and IL-2-boosted effector cells gives comparable levels of killing to lymphokine-activated killer cells but should not suffer from similar toxicity. The NR-Co-04 antibody in combination with lymphokine may prove effective in treating colon cancer, a disease for which both chemotherapeutic and current biological therapies suggest a need for improved forms of therapies.
PhhB, a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Homolog of Mammalian Pterin 4a-Carbinolamine Dehydratase/DCoH, Does Not Regulate Expression of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase at the Transcriptional Level (1999)

Pterin 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase is bifunctional in mammals. In addition to playing a catalytic role in pterin recycling in the cytoplasm, it plays a regulatory role in the nucleus, where it acts as a dimerization-cofactor component (called DCoH) for the transcriptional activator HNF-1alpha. A thus far unique operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains a gene encoding a homolog (PhhB) of the regulatory dehydratase, together with genes encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PhhA) and aromatic aminotransferase (PhhC). Using complementation of tyrosine auxotrophy in Escherichia coli as a functional test, we have found that the in vivo function of PhhA requires PhhB. Strikingly, mammalian DCoH was an effective substitute for PhhB, and either one was effective in trans. Surprisingly, the required presence of PhhB for complementation did not reflect a critical positive regulatory effect of phhB on phhA expression. Rather, in the absence of PhhB, PhhA was found to be extremely toxic in E. coli, probably due to the nonenzymatic formation of 7-biopterin or a similar derivative. However, bacterial PhhB does appear to exert modest regulatory effects in addition to having a catalytic function. PhhB enhances the level of PhhA two- to threefold, as was demonstrated by gene inactivation of phhB in P. aeruginosa and by comparison of the levels of expression of PhhA in the presence and absence of PhhB in Escherichia coli. Experiments using constructs having transcriptional and translational fusions with a lacZ reporter indicated that PhhB activates PhhA at the posttranscriptional level. Regulation of PhhA and PhhB is semicoordinate; both PhhA and PhhB are induced coordinately in the presence of either L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine, but PhhB exhibits a significant basal level of activity that is lacking for PhhA. Immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography showed that PhhA and PhhB form a protein-protein complex.
Implementation of an economic model at Gold Fields Limited (2006)

Cyest Corporation was contracted by Gold Fields Limited in 2003 to assist in the development of a prototype economic optimization model (EOM) using Microsoft Exceli?½. The rationale for the exercise was to develop a strategic planning tool to improve decision making. The success of this initiative resulted in Gold Fields commissioning a prototype i?½Mini EOMi?½ for all the South African operations to test economic viability and optimize the NPV of the life of mine reserve plans and projects. The i?½Mini EOMi?½ is a leaner version of the i?½big brotheri?½ EOM and uses the same costing and financial methodologies to generate the shaft and mine financial metrics from hard coded shaft production schedules. The i?½Mini EOMi?½ has allowed the quick generation of economics for a life of mine schedule allowing more time to optimize and test different production scenarios. Gold Fields have now commissioned Cyest Corporation to develop this into a robust enterprise wide economic model. This paper discusses briefly the rationale behind the i?½Mini EOMi?½ philosophy, how it has been implemented at Gold Fields and the way forward to achieving a robust enterprise-wide solution that integrates into all existing transactional and planning systems.
oPOSSUM: integrated tools for analysis of regulatory motif over-representation (2007)

The identification of over-represented transcription factor binding sites from sets of co-expressed genes provides insights into the mechanisms of regulation for diverse biological contexts. oPOSSUM, an internet-based system for such studies of regulation, has been improved and expanded in this new release. New features include a worm-specific version for investigating binding sites conserved between Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae, as well as a yeast-specific version for the analysis of co-expressed sets of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes. The human and mouse applications feature improvements in ortholog mapping, sequence alignments and the delineation of multiple alternative promoters. oPOSSUM2, introduced for the analysis of over-represented combinations of motifs in human and mouse genes, has been integrated with the original oPOSSUM system. Analysis using user-defined background gene sets is now supported. The transcription factor binding site models have been updated to include new profiles from the JASPAR database. oPOSSUM is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/oPOSSUM/
Quantitative Multiwavelength Constituent Measurements Using Single-Wavelength Photon Time-of-Flight Correction (1999)

A method to correct for spectral variations in multiwavelength responses using a photon time-of-flight measurement was investigated. A new approach is described where near-infrared spectra of various absorbing and scattering solutions are corrected for nonlinear variations in the measured attenuation. The spectral attenuation measured in a sample is related to the concentration of the analyte as well as the scattering from the medium. The dependence of the detected attenuation on the absorption and scattering at a single wavelength can be described by the steady-state diffusion approximation. With the use of the steady-state diffusion approximation, single-wavelength correction methodologies for multiwavelength responses were developed to refine constituent estimates in a scattering medium. The single-wavelength corrections examined the use of multiwavelength responses ratioed to the absorption and scattering determined at a single wavelength to reduce the scattering influence in the detected attenuations. The single-wavelength correction method improved constituent estimates in a variable medium. The correction utilized the absorption and scattering determined from processed time-resolved photon distributions at a single wavelength. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to obtain constituent absorption estimates from diffuse transmittance spectra of turbid samples. A 70% improvement over PLS-processed spectra was obtained with a combined single-wavelength absorption and scattering correction. In comparison to steady-state multiwavelength correction methods such as wavelength normalization, derivative spectroscopy, and multiplicative signal correction, the results demonstrate a significant improvement in estimates of the dye concentration. Results suggest a practical method to correct for scatter variations in multiwavelength responses for routine spectroscopic chemical analysis of turbid samples.