gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position Sensitive Gamma Ray Detectors Using Resistive Charge Division Readout (1977)

The analysis of an orthogonal strip, two-dimensional position sensitive high purity germanium gamma ray detector is discussed. Position sensitivity is obtained by connecting each electrode strip on the detector to a resistor network and the ends of the network to charge sensitive preamplifiers. The difference of the voltage pulses at the output of each preamplifier is proportional to the position at which the charge entered the resistor network and the sum of the voltage pulses is proportional to the energy of the detected gamma ray. The results of the analysis of the energy and spatial signal noise show that the position resolution is proportional to the square root of the filter amplifier's output pulse time constant and that for energy measurement the resolution is maximized at the filter amplifier's noise corner time constant. The electronic noise filtering system and experimental noise measurement results are presented.
CMOS-only sensors and manipulators for microorganisms (2002)

Microelectronics holds the promise to bring to biology the advantages of miniaturization for carrying out highly automated experiments, under software control, with increased speed and low cost. This paper describes an essential building block for this scenario: a method for the stable levitation and independent motion of microorganisms in a liquid and their precise displacement by means of an electronic programmable device.
A Look at Hybrid Insurance Products with Long-Term Care Insurance (2007)

The AARP Public Policy Institute, formed in 1985, is part of the Policy and Strategy Group at AARP. One of the missions of the Institute is to foster research and analysis on public policy issues of importance to mid-life and older Americans. This publication represents part of that effort. The views expressed herein are for information, debate, and discussion, and do not necessarily represent official policies of AARP.
Long‐Term Antimicrobial Effect of Silicon Nanowires Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles (2010)

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs), as a novel one-dimensional semiconducting nanomaterial, are attracting increasing interest in recent years. The synthesis of SiNWs with in situ grown silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (SiNWs@AgNPs) is reported and the highly effective and long-term antibacterial activity of this novel nanostructure is demonstrated (see Fig.). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimum Waveforms for Correlation Detection in the Sonar Environment: Noise-Limited Conditions (1968)

Sonar systems currently in use and under development attempt to discover the presence of an underwater target by transmitting an acoustic pulse and detecting the echo with a correlation receiver. This receiver correlates its input with time and frequency translates of a stored reference waveform, usually the same as the transmitted waveform. Owing to the presence of random multipath, there is usually not a single echo, but a multiplicity of echoes with random attenuations, time delays, and frequency shifts. Under these conditions, the detection capability of the correlation receiver is shown to be dependent upon the transmitted and reference waveforms. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimum waveforms under a maximum signal-to-noise ratio criterion with an energy constraint are derived. A technique for finding waveforms that satisfy only a necessary condition is demonstrated, but it is conjectured that it produces the optimum waveforms. Conjectured optimum waveforms are derived for selected examples, and their performance compared to that of some conventional waveforms.
THE AUTOSOMAL TRISOMIES (1964)

Several striking chromosomal abnormalities have been found since 1959. When a particular chromosome is in triplicate rather than in a normal pair, the condition is called trisomy. With each of the trisomies identified in man—trisomy 13–15, trisomy 17–18, and trisomy 21–22—the clinical syndrome is so distinct that it is often recognized in the birth room or nursery.
Nutritional Manipulation of Primate Retinas, V: Effects of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and<i>n</i>–3 Fatty Acids on Retinal Sensitivity to Blue-Light–Induced Damage (2011)

After long-term xanthophyll deficiency, L or Z supplementation protected the fovea from blue light-induced damage, whereas adequate n-3 fatty acid levels reduced the damage in the parafovea.
Relationship of San Miguel Sea Lion Virus to Other Members of the Calicivirus Group (1978)

San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) is indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema virus (VEV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) in its morphology and in possessing a single capsid polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 65 X 10(3). Neutralization tests readily differentiate the three viruses, but immunodiffusion tests show that SMSV is closely related serologically to VEV but not to FCV. Although the RNAs of the three caliciviruses have similar base compositions, homology tests show that SMSV is closely related to VEV but is not related to FCV. Tryptic peptide maps of the single major polypeptide comprising the capsid of each virus also show that SMSV and VEV are more closely related to each other than to FCV.
The precision manufacture and registration of masks for vacuum evaporation (1969)

An apparatus is described which enables a set of six masks to be repeatedly registered with a substrate in a high-vacuum environment with an accuracy to ±1 μm. Details are given of the mask manufacture, which involves preferential etching techniques to produce high definition patterns. An analysis is made of the registration errors to be expected.
Activation of Integrin αIIbß3 by Modulation of Transmembrane Helix Associations (2003)

Transmembrane helices of integrin alpha and beta subunits have been implicated in the regulation of integrin activity. Two mutations, glycine-708 to asparagine-708 (G708N)and methionine-701 to asparagine-701, in the transmembrane helix of the beta3 subunit enabled integrin alphaIIbbeta3 to constitutively bind soluble fibrinogen. Further characterization of the G708N mutant revealed that it induced alphaIIbbeta3 clustering and constitutive phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. This mutation also enhanced the tendency of the transmembrane helix to form homotrimers. These results suggest that homomeric associations involving transmembrane domains provide a driving force for integrin activation. They also suggest a structural basis for the coincidence of integrin activation and clustering.
Application of Gene Targeting to Designed Mutation Breeding of High-Tryptophan Rice   (2011)

Site-directed mutagenesis via gene targeting (GT) based on homologous recombination is the ultimate mutation breeding technology because it enables useful information acquired from structural- and computational-based protein engineering to be applied directly to molecular breeding, including metabolic engineering, of crops. Here, we employed this rationale to introduce precise mutations in OASA2--an α-subunit of anthranilate synthase that is a key enzyme of tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa)--via GT, with subsequent selection of GT cells using a Trp analog. The expression level of OASA2 in plants homozygous and heterozygous for modified OASA2 was similar to that of nontransformants, suggesting that OASA2 transcription in GT plants was controlled in the same manner as endogenous OASA2, and that GT could lead to a lower risk of gene silencing than in conventional overexpression approaches. Moreover, we showed that enzymatic properties deduced from protein engineering or in vitro analysis could be reproduced in GT plants as evidenced by Trp accumulation levels. Interestingly, mature seeds of homozygous GT plants accumulated Trp levels 230-fold higher than in nontransformants without any apparent morphological or developmental changes. Thus, we have succeeded in producing a novel rice plant of great potential nutritional benefit for both man and livestock that could not have been selected using conventional mutagenesis approaches. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of directed crop improvement by combining precision mutagenesis via GT with a knowledge of protein engineering.
Isolation, characterization, and quantitative measurement of serum .ALPHA.1-acid glycoprotein in cattle. (1989)

Bovine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was purified from pooled normal bovine sera by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. Bovine alpha 1AG had a molecular weight of 42,000 +/- 2,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4S. It contained 26.6% carbohydrate. Gel isoelectric focusing revealed a microheterogeneity with 7 to 8 bands in a pI range of 3.2 to 3.7. It migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region upon immunoelectrophoresis. Single radial immunodiffusion was developed for the quantitative measurement of bovine alpha 1AG in serum. The mean serum value of alpha 1AG in 152 healthy Holstein cattle (1-12 years old) was 283.2 +/- 82.3 micrograms/ml. Elevated values (cut-off value = 450 micrograms/ml) were observed in cattle with traumatic pericarditis (100%), arthritis (100%), mastitis (91%), pneumonia (70%), and mesenteric liponecrosis (43%).
A Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks (II): Evaluation of Validity and Agreement among Risk Managers (2001)

A deliberative method for ranking risks was evaluated in a study involving 218 risk managers. Both holistic and multiattribute procedures were used to assess individual and group rankings of health and safety risks facing students at a fictitious middle school. Consistency between the rankings that emerged from these two procedures was reasonably high for individuals and for groups, suggesting that these procedures capture an underlying construct of riskiness. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with their groups' decision-making processes and the resulting rankings, and these reports were corroborated by regression analyses. Risk rankings were similar across individuals and groups, even though individuals and groups did not always agree on the relative importance of risk attributes. Lower consistency between the risk rankings from the holistic and multiattribute procedures and lower agreement among individuals and groups regarding these rankings were observed for a set of high-variance risks. Nonetheless, the generally high levels of consistency, satisfaction, and agreement suggest that this deliberative method is capable of producing risk rankings that can serve as informative inputs to public risk-management decision making.
(S)-9-Fluorenylmethyl-L-cysteine, a useful HF-stable derivative for peptide synthesis (1986)

M. Ruiz-Gayo, F. Albericio, E. Pedroso and E. Giralt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1501 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001501
A zero switching loss matrix converter (2002)

A low loss bidirectional switch set is proposed for a matrix power converter. The proposed switch is able to turn on at zero current and turn off at zero voltage to achieve almost zero loss and soft switching. Hence, a simple hysteretic current control can now be applied directly to a matrix power converter without adding any additional snubber circuit and worrying about the short circuit problem. Hence, hardware implementation of the matrix power converter becomes very simple. Moreover, efficiency of the converter can be greatly increased without sacrificing its dynamic performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stem cells and regenerative medicine — future perspectives (2012)

Stem cell research has expanded at an exponential rate, but its therapeutic applications have progressed much more slowly. Currently, the research focuses on understanding embryonic, adult, and inducible pluripotent stem cells. Translation of adult stem cell research has established a definitive benefit that is greater than that of the current standard of care in the field of cardiovascular medicine. The future of stem cell research and therapy will continue to provide novel avenues of diagnostics, therapeutics, and tissue regeneration. Here we discuss a brief history of stem cell research as it transitioned from the 20th to the 21st century. We address lessons learned in the first decade of the new millennium that could help guide others to translate research into therapy across disciplines. Finally, we highlight future goals and challenges that must be overcome and offer some perspective on the bright future of stem cell research and therapy.
Reductive lithiation mediated anionic cyclizations and [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive lithiation mediated anionic cyclizations and [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangementsChris A. Broka and Tong ShenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8, 2981–2984Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00190a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical and structural characterization of W(CO)5OPPh2NPPh3. A novel tungsten carbonyl complex containing a phosphine oxide ligand derived from the bis(triphenylphosphine)nitrogen(1+) cation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical and structural characterization of W(CO)5OPPh2NPPh3. A novel tungsten carbonyl complex containing a phosphine oxide ligand derived from the bis(triphenylphosphine)nitrogen(1+) cationDonald J. Darensbourg, Magdalena Pala, Debra Simmons, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 19, 3537–3541Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00239a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00239a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Presence and location of TP53 mutation determines pattern of CDKN2A/ARF pathway inactivation in bladder cancer. (1998)

Transformation and immortalization require the inactivation of key cell cycle regulatory genes. We examined 19 bladder cancer cell lines derived from 17 patients for alterations in TP53, RB1, CDKN2A, and ARF. Twelve cell lines had a mutation in exons 5-11 of TP53 and, with only one exception, a concomitant loss of RB1 protein expression. Another group of seven cell lines had a wild-type TP53 gene or a mutation in exons 1-4 of TP53 and concomitant alterations in both CDKN2A and ARF in every case. This demonstrates the requirement, in all but one line, for inactivation of both the CDKN2A/RB1 and ARF/TP53 pathways in bladder cancer cell lines and provides the first evidence for potential differences in the penetrance of mutations in the transactivation and DNA-binding domains of TP53.
Surgery of Marfan's syndrome and related conditions of the aortic root (annulo-aortic ectasia) (1972)

The surgical treatment of 14 patients with annulo-aortic ectasia and aortic valve regurgitation secondary to cystic medial necrosis is presented. Resection of the aneurysm and replacement with a tubular graft, and aortic valve replacement with a rigid prosthesis, are advocated for definitive treatment. Eighty-six per cent of the patients survive and are doing well six months to four and a half years after surgery.
A Dual-Gate-Controlled Single-Electron Transistor Using Self-Aligned Polysilicon Sidewall Spacer Gates on Silicon-on-Insulator Nanowire (2004)

A dual-gate-controlled single-electron transistor was fabricated by using self-aligned polysilicon sidewall spacer gates on a silicon-on-insulator nanowire. The quantum dot formed by the electric field effect of the dual-gate structure was miniaturized to smaller than the state-of-the-art feature size, through a combination of electron beam lithography, oxidation, and polysilicon sidewall spacer gate formation processes. The device shows typical MOSFET I-V characteristics at room temperature. However, the Coulomb gap and Coulomb oscillations are clearly observed at 4 K.
Properties of mouse CD40: the role of homotypic adhesion in the activation of B cells via CD40 (1994)

Stimulation of human B cells via CD40 is known to induce their homotypic aggregation. We show here that anti-mouse CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) also induce B cells to form large, spherical, extremely stable clusters. This clustering is markedly enhanced by co-stimulation with either interleukin-4 (IL-4) or anti-immunoglobulin (Ig). The aggregation is slow in onset, and is largely (but not completely) abrogated by anti-LFA-1 mAb, but not by mAb directed against other potentially important adhesion molecules on B cells. Anti-LFA-1 mAb also partially suppressed DNA synthesis induced by anti-CD40, but not by other B cell mitogens, suggesting that clustering is an important component of B cell activation via CD40. This concept is supported by analyses of the phenotype of clustered B cells: the cells within clusters express higher levels of various activation markers, and also more of them are in cell cycle than non-clustered cells. These results therefore suggest that CD40 stimulation may either induce B cells to secrete soluble factors which act in an autocrine way to promote B cell activation, or that clustering generates cell contact-mediated signals which are important in the activation cascade.
Tailoring 3D cell culture templates with common hydrogels (2018)

3D cell culture aims at reconciliating the simplicity of in vitro models with the human like properties encountered in vivo. Soft permeable hydrogels have emerged as user-friendly materials to grow cells in more physiological conditions. With the intent on turning these homogeneous substrates into biomimetic templates, we introduce a generic solution compatible with the most biologically relevant and often frail materials. Here we take control of the chemical environment driving generic radical reactions to craft common gels with patterned light. In a simple microreactor, we harness the well-known inhibition of radicals by oxygen to enable topographical photopolymerization. Strikingly, by sustaining an oxygen rich environment, we can also induce hydrogel photo-scission which turns out to be a powerful and generic subtractive manufacturing method. We finally introduce a flexible patterned functionalization protocol based on available photo-linkers. Using these common tools on the most popular hydrogels, we tailored soft templates where cells grow or self-organize into standardized structures. The platform we describe has the potential to set a standard in future 3D cell culture experiments.
A Videodisc Recorder for Broadcast Use (1993)

Videotape recorders (VTRs) have been in the mainstream of recording equipment for broadcast use. However, due to the recent advances in recording technology, a rewritable videodisc recorder (VDR) using magneto-optical media has become acceptable for broadcasting. The videodisc recorder maintains a unique status as a recording system, with the distinct advantage of instant access on a noncontact recording medium. This article discussses the recording system and applications of the VDR.
Activity and attenuation recovery from activity dataonly in emission computed tomography (2006)

We describe the continuous and discrete mathematical models for Emission Computed Tomography (ECT) and the need for attenuation correction. Then we analyse the problem of retrieving the attenuation directly from the emission data, nonuniqueness and its consequences. We present the existing and new approaches for solving the problem. Methods are compared and illustrated by numerical simulations. The presentation focuses on Positron Emission Tomography, but we also discuss the extensions to Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography.
Herstellung und Charakterisierung dünner Gatedielektrika auf Germanium (2003)

[no abstract]
AgBF<sub>4</sub>-Impregnated Poly(vinyl phenyl ketone):  An Ethylene Sensing Film (2004)

Incorporation of silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF4) into poly(vinyl phenyl ketone) (PVPK) renders the photoluminescent polymer responsive to ethylene. Polymer films prepared with a 2:1 ratio of Ag+ ions to polymer acetophenone groups responded with a quench of photoluminescence. Conditioned films showed a luminescence quench that was proportional to ethylene concentration before saturation occurred. Stern-Volmer analysis of the photoluminescence response suggested the presence of sites that were accessible and sites that were inaccessible to ethylene. Perturbations in polymer-metal interactions were monitored with infrared spectroscopy, revealing changes upon Ag+ incorporation, polymer film conditioning, and exposure to ethylene.
Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann Cell Origin and Role of Tumor Environment (2002)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent dominantly inherited genetic diseases of the nervous system. NF1 encodes a tumor suppressor whose functional loss results in the development of benign neurofibromas that can progress to malignancy. Neurofibromas are complex tumors composed of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells. Through use of a conditional (cre/lox) allele, we show that loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell lineage is sufficient to generate tumors. In addition, complete NF1-mediated tumorigenicity requires both a loss of NF1 in cells destined to become neoplastic as well as heterozygosity in non-neoplastic cells. The requirement for a permissive haploinsufficient environment to allow tumorigenesis may have therapeutic implications for NF1 and other familial cancers.