gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically active synthetic peptides as probes of embryonic development: a competitive peptide inhibitor of fibronectin function inhibits gastrulation in amphibian embryos and neural crest cell migration in avian embryos. (1984)

We describe a new method for analyzing embryonic events dependent on a specific peptide recognition signal. A short, specific amino acid sequence in fibronectin has been implicated as a recognition site in fibronectin-mediated interactions. Fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin is competitively inhibited by certain synthetic peptides, including the decapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro, which appears to contain the cell recognition sequence. We found that this peptide inhibited both amphibian gastrulation and avian neural crest cell migration in vivo, as well as the attachment and migration of neural crest cells in vitro. These processes are major cell migratory events previously suggested to involve fibronectin. Negative controls included another conserved fibronectin peptide from the collagen-binding region containing the sequence Cys-Gln-Asp-Ser-Glu-Thr-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr and another peptide. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic peptides directed at recognition sites in extracellular proteins as probes of morphogenetic processes, and they provide further support for the hypothesis that fibronectin is involved in gastrulation and neural crest cell migration.
Point defects analysis of zinc oxide thin films annealed at different temperatures with photoluminescence, Hall mobility, and low frequency noise (2010)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films annealed at different temperatures were studied with photoluminescence (PL), electrical resistivity, Hall mobility, and 1/f noise spectroscopy. Relatively high electrical conductivity and carrier concentration in sample annealed at 400 °C suggested the presence of ZnO interstitials. Rapid reduction in electrical conductivity and carrier concentration upon increasing the annealing temperature suggested that ZnO interstitials could be eliminated by high temperature annealing. Presence of G-R noise in sample annealed at 400 °C indicated high level of electron trapping activities. Density of Zn vacancies acting as electron traps was estimated by Lorentzian fitting on the G-R noise. PL spectra exhibiting dominant green emission in all samples suggested the presence of Zn vacancies in high concentration. Yellow-orange emission in PL in samples annealed at 600 °C and below indicated the presence of O interstitials, while the same emission in samples annealed at higher temperatures were ascribed to Si impurities diffused from the substrate. Sharp reduction in mobility and surge in Hooge’s parameter in sample annealed at 700 °C implied high level of electron scattering due to large extrinsic Si impurities. Gradual rise in green-yellow emission and electron concentration as annealing temperature increased from 500 to 700 °C were ascribed to the gradual formation of O vacancies.
Tele-assistance in chronic respiratory failure patients: a randomised clinical trial (2008)

Chronic respiratory patients requiring oxygen or home mechanical ventilation experience frequent exacerbations and hospitalisations with related costs. Strict monitoring and care have been recommended. The aim of the present study was to primarily evaluate reduction in hospitalisations and, secondly, exacerbations, general practitioner (GP) calls and related cost-effectiveness of tele-assistance (TA) for these patients. A total of 240 patients (101 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were randomised to two groups: an intervention group entered a 1-yr TA programme while controls received traditional care. No anthropometric and clinical differences were found between groups both in baseline and in mortality (18% for TA, 23% for controls). Compared with controls, the TA group experienced significantly fewer hospitalisations (-36%), urgent GP calls (-65%) and acute exacerbations (-71%). Only COPD patients, as a separate group, had fewer hospitalisations, emergency room admissions, urgent GP calls or exacerbations. Each patient referred to staff a mean+/-sd 36+/-25 times. After deduction of TA costs, the average overall cost for each patient was 33% less than that for usual care. In chronic respiratory failure patients on oxygen or home mechanical ventilation, a nurse-centred tele-assistance prevents hospitalisations while it is cost-effective. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group seems to have a greater advantage from tele-assistance.
Review of Imprinted Polymer Microrings as Ultrasound Detectors: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization (2015)

Detectors play a vital role in ultrasound sensing and imaging applications. With the rapid development of photoacoustic imaging technology in recent years, novel ultrasound detectors based on optical methods have gained increased attention, among which the imprinted polymer microring is a representative one. This review covers the device design, fabrication, and characterization, with an emphasis on how the imprinting-based fabrication methodology benefits the device performance, which further facilitates photoacoustic imaging and sensing applications. By carefully designing and fabricating the imprint mold, the imprinted polymer microring has a quality factor on the order of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 780 nm. The device has advantages such as wide acoustic bandwidth response from dc to 350 MHz at −3 dB, low noise equivalent detectable pressure, wide acceptance angle, and so on. The polymer microring has been successfully employed in applications such as photoacoustic imaging and real-time terahertz pulse detection.
Low-Loss DC-100 GHz Suspended Microstrip Lines on Micromachined SiGe BiCMOS BEOL Technology (2016)

A new class of low-loss transmission lines implemented on the BEOL of a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented and experimentally demonstrated up to 100 GHz. The approach consists in a monolithic microstrip line suspended on an air cavity by means of two novel structural solutions. With respect to a conventional transmission line in the same technology, an attenuation loss reduction of up to 3 dB/cm has been reached at 60 GHz.
Klotho RNAi induces premature senescence of human cells via a p53/p21 dependent pathway (2006)

Klotho has recently emerged as a regulator of aging. To investigate the role of Klotho in the regulation of cellular senescence, we generated stable MRC-5 human primary fibroblast cells knockdown for Klotho expression by RNAi. Downregulation of Klotho dramatically induces premature senescence with a concomitant upregulation of p21. The upregulation of p21 is associated with cell cycle arrest at G1/S boundary. Knockdown of p53 in the Klotho attenuated MRC-5 cells restores normal growth and replicative potential. These results demonstrate that Klotho normally regulates cellular senescence by repressing the p53/p21 pathway. Our findings implicate Klotho as a regulator of aging in primary human fibroblasts.
TableSeer: Automatic Table Extraction, Search, and Understanding. (2009)

1Signatures on file in the Graduate School. iii Tables are ubiquitous with a history that pre-dates that of sentential text. Au-thors often report a summary of their most important findings using tabular structure in documents. For example, scientists widely use tables to present the latest experimental results or statistical data in a condensed fashion. Along with the explosive development of the digital library and internet, tables have become a valuable information source for information seeking and data analysis. Interest in and use of table data necessitates table indexing and search. However, current search engines do not support table search. The difficulty of automatically extracting tables from un-tagged documents, the lack of a universal table metadata specification, and the limitation of the existing ranking schemes make the table search problem challenging. Effectively and efficiently searching table data becomes an urgent demand.
Move Over ANOVA (2004)

Repeated-measures ANOVAs continue to be used widely for the analysis of repeated-measures data, despite risks to interpretation. Mixed-effects models use all available data, can properly account for correlation between repeated measurements on the same subject, have greater flexibility to model time effects, and can handle missing data more appropriately. Their flexibility makes them the preferred choice for the analysis of repeated-measures data.
Stress-induced curvature engineering in surface-micromachined devices (1999)

Residual stress and stress gradients play an important role in determining equilibrium shape and behavior of various Si surface-micromachined devices under applied loads. This is particularly true for system having large-area plates and long beams where curvature resulting from stress can lead to significant deviations from stress-free shape. To gain better understanding of these properties, we have measured the equilibrium shapes of various structures built on the MCNC MUMPs using an interferometric profiler. The structures were square plates and long beams composed of various combinations of polysilicon an oxide layers. Some of the structures had additional MUMPs metal layer on top, while on others in-house chromium-gold stacks of varying thickness have been deposited. Temperature dependence of the curvature was measured for some plates. We have used these data in conjunction with simple models to significantly improve the performance of our micromachined devices. While for some structures such as large area reflectors the curvature had to be minimized, it could be advantageously exploited by others, for example vertical actuators for self-assembly.
Cry Woolf! Checkmating the Stalingrad gambit : the law (2010)

Recent court pronouncements have highlighted a disturbing approach to litigation that is burgeoning in South Africa. A Stalingrad gambit is being adopted, where a litigant uses every stratagem available to oppose, obstruct, or delay the efficient and effective determination of matters - a kind of ''scorched earth'' policy that is designed to exhaust the opponent rather deal with the merits of the case. Experience shows that the current system gives many opportunities to a party to litigation to exercise power to wear down an opponent, rather than obtain a final result.
Hypoxia-specific tumor imaging with 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside. (2005)

(18)F-FAZA shows superior biokinetics and is, thus, a promising PET tracer for the visualization of tumor hypoxia. This study also verified a hypoxia-specific uptake mechanism for (18)F-FAZA in murine tumor models.
Methylcrotonyl-CoA and geranyl-CoA carboxylases are involved in leucine/isovalerate utilization (Liu) and acyclic terpene utilization (Atu), and are encoded by liuB/liuD and atuC/atuF, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to grow on acyclic monoterpenes (citronellol, citronellate, geraniol and geranylate), and on other methyl-branched compounds such as leucine or isovalerate. The catabolic pathway of citronellol (Atu, acyclic terpene utilization) enters that of leucine/isovalerate (Liu, leucine and isovalerate utilization) at the level of methylcrotonyl-CoA. Key enzymes of the combined pathways are geranyl-CoA carboxylase (GCase) and methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCase). In this study, isovalerate-grown cells specifically expressed MCase (apparent molecular mass of the biotin-containing subunit, 74 kDa) only, and the GCase biotin-containing subunit (71 kDa) was not detected. Citronellol- or citronellate-grown cells produced both carboxylases. Biotin-dependent proteins were purified from crude extracts by avidin-affinity chromatography, and assigned to the corresponding coding genes by trypsin fingerprint analysis. The two subunits of MCase corresponded to liuB/liuD (PA2014/PA2012) of the P. aeruginosa genome database, and atuC/atuF (PA2888/PA2891) encoded GCase subunits. This finding is contrary to that reported by others. The identified genes are part of two separate gene clusters [liuRABCDE (PA2011-PA2016) and atuABCDEFGH (PA2886-PA2893)] that are thought to encode most of the genes of the Atu and Liu pathways.
Astrocyte process growth induction by actin breakdown (1992)

cAMP analogues such as dibutyryl cAMP (dBcAMP) have been shown to induce the formation of processes in cultured primary astrocytes. We observe that the processes form by elongation as well as the previously reported retraction of cytoplasm around cytoskeletal elements. The most prominent cytoskeletal change that occurs in response to dBcAMP is a rearrangement of actin filaments characterized by a loss of cortical F-actin staining and the appearance of actin filament staining at the tips of the processes. If cortical actin filaments are disrupted with dihydrocytochalasin B, processes form that are similar to those induced by dBcAMP suggesting that the disruption of the cortical actin network is the pivotal step in process formation. Reorganization of the actin filament network in response to cAMP is accompanied by a decrease in phosphate incorporation into the regulatory light chain of myosin (MLC). Two selective inhibitors of MLC kinase (MLCK), ML-9 and KT5926, as well as a calmodulin antagonist (W7), which would also inhibit MLCK activation, all induce astrocytic process growth implicating MLCK as a control point in process initiation. We also found that dBcAMP and ML-9 both cause a decrease in the phosphate content of actin depolymerizing factor, suggesting that this protein and myosin light chain are the effectors of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and process growth.
Statistical analysis of high-density oligonucleotidearrays: a multiplicative noise model (2002)

We present a new method for GeneChip analysis, based on a statistical model with multiplicative noise. We demonstrated that this method yields results superior to those obtained by the Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5.0 software and to those obtained by the model-based method of Li and Wong (Li and Wong, 2001). The present method eliminates the hard-to-interpret negative expression indices, and the binary 'presence' calls (present or absent) are replaced by the statistical significance (p-value) of gene expression. We have found that thresholding the p-values at the (0.1)(16)-level produces about the same number of 'present' calls as the AMS software. By testing our method on a pair of replicate GeneChips (hybridized with the same cRNA), we found that 95.6% of data points lie within the 1.25-fold interval. In other words, our method had a 4.4% type I error rate at the 1.25-fold level. The error rate of the LW method was 15%, and that of the AMS method was 29%. There were no points outside the 2-fold interval with the present method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of another experiment with multiple replicates shows that this reduction of variance is not accompanied by a corresponding reduction of signal. On the contrary, the signal-to-noise ratio (as measured by the distribution of F-statistics) of the present method is on average 3.4-times better than that of AMS, and 1.4-times better than that of Li and Wong.
High‐throughput packed‐bed microreactors with in‐line analytics for the discovery of asphaltene deposition mechanisms (2014)

Understanding asphaltene nanoaggregation kinetics is a key to predicting the deposition in pure quartz‐grain porous media. High‐throughput quartz packed‐bed microreactors (μPBRs) were, therefore, designed to provide mechanistic insights by merging oilfield chemistry and microchemical systems. In‐line UV‐Vis spectroscopy and pressure transducer were used to characterize the stable packing of quartz particles with porosity of ∼40% and permeability of ∼5.5 × 10 −13 m 2 . Temperature (25.0–90.0°C), n ‐heptane composition (50.0–80.0 vol %), and n ‐alkane ( n ‐C 5 to n ‐C 9 ) were all observed to influence asphaltenes deposition in the porous media, and reduced dispersion was obtained in the damaged packed‐bed by estimating dispersion coefficients and the Bodenstein number. Deposition by mechanical entrapment dominated the mechanism in all scenarios, as discovered by the simplified Kozeny–Carman and Civan's permeability‐porosity relationships. The results could aid in the design of remediations that minimize production losses of considerable economic magnitude. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 3534–3546, 2014
Polymer‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. I. A preliminary study of catalyst synthesis (1994)

Abstract Polymer‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts based on various polymer carriers were synthesized by different methods, including (1) loading TiCl 4 directly onto the polymer supports; (2) loading TiCl 4 onto the polymer supports modified by magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ); (3) loading TiCl 4 onto the polymer supports modified by Grignard reagent (RMgCl); and (4) loading TiCl 4 onto the polymer supports modified by magnesium alkyls (MgR 2 ). The activity and kinetic features of the catalysts for ethylene polymerization were examined. Among the combinations tested, the best was found to be TiCl 4 / n ‐Bu 2 Mg.Et 3 Al/poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (92:8), which produced a catalyst of very high activity for ethylene polymerization. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Charts of fetal size: 4. Femur length (1994)

We have constructed a new size chart for fetal femur length taking into consideration the increasing variability with increasing gestational age. We have compared our chart with other published data, and believe that the differences seen may be largely due to methodological differences.
High-order-dispersion control for the amplification and compression of femtosecond laser pulses. (1996)

In this thesis many aspects of Chirped-Pulse Amplification (CPA) laser systems are addressed, including pulse duration, contrast, efficiency, compactness, and user-friendliness. A fundamental problem in ultrafast optics--namely, the compensation of high-order dispersion from an optical fiber--is solved, and we design a pulse compressor based on Carpenter prisms or 'grisms.' With this new compressor we demonstrate the first sub-picosecond CPA system with a fiber stretcher, whose compression factor of 750 is the largest obtained in a single-stage fiber-grating compressor. For ultrashort pulse production, an aberration-free stretcher-compressor system is designed to yield high-contrast, near-perfect compression of sub-50-fs pulses. We show that aberration-free stretchers and compressors utilizing identical gratings will be unable to support ultrashort pulses. However, the uncompensatable fourth-order dispersion of a matched-grating system can be eliminated by choosing compressor gratings with a different groove density than the stretcher gratings. Other system designs based on grisms, chirped gratings, and hybrid grating-prism combinations are shown to be useful in the production of short pulses in compact, efficient systems. Finally, we show that in the limit of strongly chirped pulses, nonlinear optical effects in the time domain are exactly equivalent to linear, stationary effects in the spectral domain. We propose a pulse-shaping system for CPA which will facilitate the production of ultrahigh-contrast pulses in the presence of nonlinearities.
Genetic and Cell Biological Characterization of the Vaccinia Virus A30 and G7 Phosphoproteins (2005)

The vaccinia virus proteins A30 and G7 are known to play essential roles in early morphogenesis, acting prior to the formation of immature virions. Their repression or inactivation results in the accumulation of large virosomes, detached membrane crescents, and empty immature virions. We have undertaken further study of these proteins to place them within the context of the F10 kinase, the A14 membrane protein, and the H5 phosphoprotein, which have been the focus of previous studies within our laboratory. Here we confirm that both A30 and G7 undergo F10 kinase-dependent phosphorylation in vivo and recapitulate that modification of A30 in vitro. Although the detached crescents observed upon loss of A30 or G7 echo those seen upon repression of A14, no interaction between A30/G7 and A14 could be detected. We did, however, determine that the A30 and G7 proteins are unstable during nonpermissive tsH5 infections, suggesting that the loss of A30/G7 is the underlying cause for the formation of lacy or curdled virosomes. We also determined that the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the Cts11 virus is due to mutations in two codons of the G7L gene. Phenotypic analysis of nonpermissive Cts11 infections indicated that these amino acid substitutions compromise G7 function without impairing the stability of either G7 or A30. Utilizing Cts11 in conjunction with a rifampin release assay, we determined that G7 acts at multiple stages of virion morphogenesis that can be distinguished both by ultrastructural analysis and by monitoring the phosphorylation status of several viral proteins that undergo F10-mediated phosphorylation.
Ein allgemeiner Ansatz für die modulare Synthese von Polyketid-Bausteinen durch die Hydroxy-gesteuerte Nitriloxid-Cycloaddition nach Kanemasa (2001)

Von leicht zugänglichen Verbindungen einfach und in einer Stufe zu allen möglichen Polypropionat-Diastereomeren! Die gezeigte allgemeine Methode zur diastereoselektiven Synthese von syn-, anti- und Methylketon-Aldolprodukten basiert auf einer MgII-vermittelten, Hydroxy-gesteuerten Nitriloxid-Cycloaddition. Die freie Hydroxygruppe des Cycloaddukts eröffnet viele Möglichkeiten zum raschen Aufbau von komplexen Polyketiden. TBS=tBuMe2Si. Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Beitrag sind im WWW unter http://www.angewandte.de zu finden oder können beim Autor angefordert werden. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Characterization of backfilling strategies for parallel job scheduling (2003)

Although there is wide agreement that backfilling produces significant benefits in scheduling of parallel jobs, there is no clear consensus on which backfilling strategy is preferable e.g. should conservative backfilling be used or the more aggressive EASY backfilling scheme; should a first-come first-served (FCFS) queue-priority policy be used, or some other such as shortest job first (SF) or expansion factor (XF); In this paper we use trace-based simulation to address these questions and glean new insights into the characteristics of backfilling strategies for job scheduling. We show that by viewing performance in terms of slowdowns and turnaround times of jobs within various categories based on their width (processor request size), length (job duration) and accuracy of the user's estimate of run time, some consistent trends may be observed.