gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPARK: A smart parametric online RWA algorithm (2007)

The large potential bandwidth available in wavelength-division multiplexed optical networks makes this technology of crucial importance for satisfying the ever increasing capacity requirements of the next-generation Internet. In this scenario, the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem that concerns deter- mining the optical paths and wavelengths to be used for connection establishment in a wavelength-routed network, is still one of the most important open issues. In this paper we propose a new on- line dynamic grooming-capable RWA heuristic scheme working on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks as a multistage selection process. The proposed algorithm is transparent with respect to the presence of wavelength converters, achieves very low connection rejection ratios with minimal computational complexity and is appropriate for the modern multilayer optical circuit and wavelength switched networks with sparse wavelength conversion capability.
Utilization of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources by <i>Streptomyces kanamyceticus</i> for Kanamycin Production (1973)

To select a suitable synthetic medium for kanamycin production, we tested a number of carbon and nitrogen compounds for their effect on growth of Streptomyces kanamyceticus ATCC 12853 as well on kanamycin production. Galactose was found to be the most suitable carbon source, though dextrin, soluble starch, and potato starch gave moderate yields. Sodium nitrate and glycine were adequate nitrogen sources for kanamycin production. There was, however, no direct relation between the growth of the organism and antibiotic formation. The pH of the medium might be an important factor for kanamycin formation, as media giving high kanamycin yields showed an alkaline pH without exception.
Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Diseases: Introduction and Overview (1985)

Without question, diarrhoeal diseases constitute one of the greatest causes of morbidity and death on a global scale. To an increasingly recognized extent, they are caused by an expanding array of microbial products or "toxins'. The symposium focuses on microbial products that alter normal bowel function either by augmenting secretory pathways or by selectively destroying mucosal cells or pathways, thus leading to an imbalance in the concert of normal absorptive function that results in diarrhoea. An understanding of normal intestinal physiology is thus the key to unraveling the specific actions of microbial toxins. In many instances, the microbial toxins are themselves providing unique pharmacological tools with which to dissect normal intestinal function. Specifically, families of enterotoxins are reviewed that appear to cause secretion through the recognized second messengers of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP as well as cyclic nucleotide-independent and calcium-dependent pathways. Potential "third messengers' such as the protein kinases, through which one or more of the second messengers may act, are also considered. We examine cytotoxins that alter the orchestrated function of specialized regions of intact intestinal mucosa by selectively impeding or killing certain cells, so leading to small intestinal or colonic pathology and contributing to diarrhoea. We also consider a wide range of recognized bacterial and parasitic agents and their enterotoxic products. In some instances, these toxins may strikingly resemble our own endogenous humoral regulators or hormones. At this point, the possible roles of viruses or other transmissible genome products in this area await further clarification. Finally, we examine pharmacological and immunological approaches to attacking the toxins themselves or the deranged physiology they cause, in order to approach the control of the potentially devastating diseases of diarrhoea.
Pulse duration and wavelength effects on the optical limiting behavior of carbon nanotube suspensions (2001)

We investigate pulse duration and wavelength effects on the optical limiting behavior of single-wall carbon nanotubes suspended either in chloroform or in water. The principal optical limiting effect in carbon nanotube suspensions is nonlinear scattering that is due to heat transfer from particles to solvent, leading to solvent-bubble formation and to sublimation of carbon nanotubes. We report on nonlinear transmittance measurements for pulse durations ranging from 3 to 100 ns and for wavelengths from 430 to 1064 nm. The dependence of optical limiting behavior on pulse duration and wavelength is analyzed and discussed in terms of nonlinear mechanisms.
RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing (2000)

The RBMY gene family is found on the Y chromosome of all mammals, and microdeletions are strongly associated with infertility in men. RBMY expresses RBM only in the nuclei of germ cells, whereas its X chromosome homologue, RBMX, expresses hnRNP G ubiquitously. We show here that RBM, hnRNP G and a novel testis-specific relative, termed hnRNP G-T, interact with Tra2beta, an activator of pre-mRNA splicing that is ubiquitous but highly expressed in testis. Endogenous hnRNP G and Tra2beta proteins are associated in HeLa nuclear extracts. RBM and Tra2beta co-localize in two major domains in human spermatocyte nuclei. Phosphorylation enhanced the interaction and reduced competing RNA binding to the interaction domains. Incubation with the protein interaction domain of RBM inhibited splicing in vitro of a specific pre-mRNA substrate containing an essential enhancer bound by Tra2beta. The RNA-binding domain of RBM affected 5' splice site selection. We conclude that the hnRNP G family of proteins is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and infer that RBM may be involved in Tra2beta-dependent splicing in spermatocytes.
Xenon lamps (1980)

Xenon lamps are the most important discharge lamps, with a primarily continuous spectral energy distribution. It matches in the visible natural daylight very closely. The intense continuum of the xenon arc discharge is mainly generated by free electrons recombining to the densely packed excited energy levels of the xenon atom closely below the ionisation limit. Xenon lamp designs include aircooled short-arc, air and watercooled long-arc types for continuous operation as well as flashtubes and pulsed lamps, in a large variety of sizes, shapes and power ratings. Principal applications are for motion picture projection, amateur and professional photography, solar simulation for material testing, in the graphic arts industry, and for numerous technological and scientific purposes.
Krüppel-like Factor 4 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Morphology and Polarity (2012)

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a vital role in regulating cell lineage differentiation during development and maintaining epithelial homeostasis in the intestine. In normal intestine, KLF4 is predominantly expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells. It has been identified as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. KLF4 knockout mice demonstrated a decrease in number of goblet cells in the colon, and conditional ablation of KLF4 from the intestinal epithelium led to altered epithelial homeostasis. However, the role of KLF4 in differentiated intestinal cells and colon cancer cells, as well as the mechanism by which it regulates homeostasis and represses tumorigenesis in the intestine is not well understood. In our study, KLF4 was partially depleted in the differentiated intestinal epithelial cells by a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase. We found a significant increase in the number of goblet cells in the KLF4-deleted small intestine, suggesting that KLF4 is not only required for goblet cell differentiation, but also required for maintaining goblet cell numbers through its function in inhibiting cell proliferation. The number and position of Paneth cells also changed. This is consistent with the KLF4 knockout study using villin-Cre [1]. Through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and statistical analysis, we found that a stem cell and/or tuft cell marker, DCAMKL1, and a proliferation marker, Ki67, are affected by KLF4 depletion, while an enteroendocrine cell marker, neurotensin (NT), was not affected. In addition, we found KLF4 depletion altered the morphology and polarity of the intestinal epithelial cells. Using a three-dimensional (3D) intestinal epithelial cyst formation assay, we found that KLF4 is essential for cell polarity and crypt-cyst formation in human colon cancer cells. These findings suggest that, as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, KLF4 affects intestinal epithelial cell morphology by regulating proliferation, differentiation and polarity of the cells.
Clathrin-coated pit-mediated receptor internalization. Role of internalization signals and receptor mobility. (1993)

Most signals controlling receptor-mediated endocytosis have been identified by alteration of sequences present in receptors normally internalized via clathrin-coated pits. In the present work we have reconsidered the factors that control internalization the other way around: i.e. by introducing potential internalization sequences in complement receptor 1 (CR1) which does not preferentially associate with clathrin-coated pits. The analysis of the internalization efficiency of NPxY related motifs generated by substituting His2010 and/or Glu2015 by either Phe or Tyr indicates that FxNPxY is the stronger promoter of endocytosis and that the signal efficiency depends on the presence of aromatic residues (including a tyrosine) at both ends of the -xNPx- motif. Moreover, CR1-tyr (substitution of Glu2015 for Tyr) internalization was superposable to that of a receptor composed of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CR1 fused to the intracytoplasmic tail of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (including the FxNPxY motif) (CR1-LDL). When analyzed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, the surface mobility of CR1-LDL was decreased as compared with that of either CR1-tyr or CR1-wt, despite a similar association with clathrin-coated pits. The role of receptor mobility in internalization was confirmed by the observation that CR1-tl, with a deletion of the cytoplasmic tail, was more mobile and more efficiently internalized than CR1-wt.
Esterification of Condensed Tannins and Their Impact on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) (2013)

Reported is a study evaluating the potential of esterified tannins as plastic additives in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Tannin esterification using anhydrides was investigated as a route to synthesize tannin esters possessing varying ester chain length and degree of substitution (DS). Esterification decreased the tannin UV absorbance, predominately in the UVB region. However, tannin materials with longer ester chain lengths exhibited melt behaviors suitable for processing in plastics. On compounding into PLA, tannin hexanoate esters lowered the PLA glass transition by 5–6 °C. Shorter chain length tannin esters had a reduced effect on PLA polymer properties. The PLA flexural properties were significantly altered with stiffness decreases of up to 15% depending on ester chain length and loading. Artificial weathering of modified the PLA samples suggests the presence of tannin esters may confer a protection role to PLA on extended exposure. Overall, results suggest scope for the use of tannin esters possessing longer ester chain length as plastic additives.
10m/500Mbps WDM visible light communication systems (2012)

A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) visible light communiction (VLC) system employing red and green laser pointer lasers (LPLs) with directly modulating data signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. With the assistance of preamplifier and adaptive filter at the receiving sites, low bit error rate (BER) at 10 m/500 Mbps operation is obtained for each wavelength. The use of preamplifier and adaptive filter offer significant improvements for free-space transmission performance. Improved performance of BER of <10(-9), as well as better and clear eye diagram were achieved in our proposed WDM VLC systems. LPL features create a new category of good performance with high-speed data rate, long transmission length (>5m), as well as easy handling and installation. This proposed WDM VLC system reveals a prominent one to present its advancement in simplicity and convenience to be installed.
Systems Approach to Packaging Design for Automotive Catalytic Converters (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper addresses the packaging design for monolithic cordierite ceramic converters to meet the new, stringent durability requirements of the 1990's, while minimizing warranty cost for the automaker. These objectives are best met by using a systems approach during the early phases of packaging design, i.e. by examining design interactions between the ceramic monolith, alumina coating, ceramic mat or wiremesh mounting material with seals, stainless steel can, heatshields, and associated peripheral components. Failure of any one of these components can prove detrimental to converter durability. In this paper we take advantage of overall understanding of the observed failure modes and individual component behavior, and present new data for optimizing the total converter durability through initial design. In particular, the impact of symmetric gas entry, monolith contour, clamshell anisotropy, mount density, stiffener ribs, and heatshield insulation on total durability is highlighted.</div>
Synthesis and structural study of arylidene thiazolidine and benzothiazine compounds (2003)

Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of some 5-arylidene-3-(2-biphenyl-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)- and 3-(4-bromo-benzyl)-4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-ones, 5-arylidene-3-(4-chloro-benzyl)-4-thioxo- and 4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ones and 2-arylidene-6-benzoyl-amino- or 6-amino-4 H -benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-ones are described. These arylidene thiazolidines and benzothiazines compounds were prepared by Knoevenagel condensation with benzaldehydes.
The development of a nucleus staining fluorescent probe for dynamic mitosis imaging in live cells (2015)

A low-toxicity nucleus staining fluorescent probe, , was developed for real time mitosis imaging in live cells. was identified by unbiased high-throughput imaging-based screening of a new xanthone library (AX). Unlike the conventional Hoechst dye, the low toxicity of allows long term monitoring of cell division over more than one cell cycle.
The Eukaryotic-Type Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Stk Is Required for Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Staphylococcus epidermidis (2011)

Our study identifies Stk as an important regulator of biofilm formation and virulence of S. epidermidis, with additional involvement in purine metabolism and the bacterial stress response.
Osteochondral allograft transplantation in cartilage repair: Graft storage paradigm, translational models, and clinical applications (2015)

The treatment of articular cartilage injury and disease has become an increasingly relevant part of orthopaedic care. Articular cartilage transplantation, in the form of osteochondral allografting, is one of the most established techniques for restoration of articular cartilage. Our research efforts over the last two decades have supported the transformation of this procedure from experimental "niche" status to a cornerstone of orthopaedic practice. In this Kappa Delta paper, we describe our translational and clinical science contributions to this transformation: (1) to enhance the ability of tissue banks to process and deliver viable tissue to surgeons and patients, (2) to improve the biological understanding of in vivo cartilage and bone remodeling following osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in an animal model system, (3) to define effective surgical techniques and pitfalls, and (4) to identify and clarify clinical indications and outcomes. The combination of coordinated basic and clinical studies is part of our continuing comprehensive academic OCA transplant program. Taken together, the results have led to the current standards for OCA processing and storage prior to implantation and also novel observations and mechanisms of the biological and clinical behavior of OCA transplants in vivo. Thus, OCA transplantation is now a successful and increasingly available treatment for patients with disabling osteoarticular cartilage pathology.
The influence of thermal reaction and microbial transformation on the odour of human urine (2013)

ABSTRACT The typical stale urine odour is the consequence of thermal or bacterial degradation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, equipped with a multi‐sniffing port for olfactive evaluation (GC‐MS‐O), was performed to analyse an organic extract of boiled urine originating from seven male donors. This analysis stressed the importance of guaiacol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐ and ‐6‐methyl phenol, 4‐vinyl‐guaiacol, indole, skatole and vanillin in urine malodour. Analysis of the headspace of the highly volatile compounds showed the occurrence of trimethylamine, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. However, odour artefacts such as pyrazines, acetyl thiazole and sugar degradation products were formed during the boiling process and represented important background noise. In parallel, fermented urine samples were judged by sniffing to be more characteristic of a urine smell, due to the presence of methional, phenol, p ‐cresol and α ‐androstenol. The two urine‐isolated Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia fergusonii and Morganella morganii (urease positive), were particularly efficient at increasing urine pH and generating phenol, p ‐cresol, indole, dimethyl sulfide and trimethylamine after 3 days of incubation of sterile male urine at 37 °C. Streptococcus agalactiae produced a high level of α ‐androstenol, whereas Micrococcus luteus CIP 103664 and isolated anaerobic bacteria did not produce any malodours. Analytical comparisons between boiled and fermented aged urine revealed that incubation of sterile urine with a bacterial mixture of E. fergusonii , Enterococcus faecalis , Citrobacter koseri , S. agalactiae and M . morganii produced a representative aged urine odour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation Exposure at Chest CT: A Statement of the Fleischner Society (2003)

The introduction of helical single-detector row computed tomography (CT) and, more recently, multi-detector row CT has greatly increased the clinical indications for CT. Correspondingly, CT examinations now account for greater than one-half of the radiation dose due to medical procedures in the population of North America. The level of CT radiation dose, especially in the pediatric population, is of concern to radiologists, medical physicists, government regulators, and the media. This review addresses this problem with particular reference to radiation dose in chest CT. Specifically it outlines the topics of measurement units used to quantify radiation exposure, factors affecting CT scanner dose efficiency, scanner settings that determine the administered radiation dose, and radiation dose reduction in chest CT. A table of reference dose values is provided. Given the wide variation documented in chest CT radiation exposure, the authors suggest that reference standards be promoted to minimize excessive CT radiation exposure. In addition, further research into the complex relationship between radiation exposure, image quality, and diagnostic accuracy should be encouraged in order to establish the minimum radiation dose necessary to provide adequate diagnostic information for standard clinical questions.
Cytokines across the Night in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without Fibromyalgia (2010)

The symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are consistent with cytokine dysregulation. This has led to the hypothesis of immune dysregulation as the cause of this illness. To further test this hypothesis, we did repeated blood sampling for cytokines while patients and matched healthy controls slept in the sleep lab. Because no one method for assaying cytokines is acknowledged to be better than another, we assayed for protein in serum, message in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and function in resting and stimulated PBLs. We found no evidence of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation. Instead, in line with some of our earlier studies, we did find some evidence to support a role for an increase in interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Although the changes were small, they may contribute to the common complaint in CFS patients of disrupted sleep.
Concomitant ion effects on isotope ratio measurements with liquid sampling – atmospheric pressure glow discharge ion source Orbitrap mass spectrometry (2018)

With liquid sampling glow discharge-Orbitrap MS, isotope ratio and precision performance improves with rejection of concomitant ion species.
Microfibril-associated Glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1) Binds to the Pepsin-resistant Domain of the α3(VI) Chain of Type VI Collagen (1997)

The interactions of type VI collagen have been investigated, using solid phase binding assays, with two components of the fibrillin-containing microfibrils, the elastin-binding protein, MAGP-1 and its structural relative MAGP-2. Both native and pepsin-treated forms of type VI collagen specifically bound to MAGP-1 but not to MAGP-2. Pepsin type VI collagen was shown to block the binding of MAGP-1 to native type VI collagen indicating that the major MAGP-1-binding site was in the triple-helical region of the molecule. MAGP-1 was found not to bind to collagens I, III, and V. Affinity blotting of pepsin-treated type VI collagen showed that MAGP-1 binding was specific for the collagenous domain of the alpha3(VI) chain. Decorin and biglycan were found not to inhibit the interaction of pepsin-treated type VI collagen with MAGP-1, indicating that its binding site on the collagen is not close to that for the proteoglycans. Reduction and alkylation of disulfide bonds in MAGP-1 did not destroy its type VI collagen-binding properties, indicating that the binding site was likely to be in the cysteine-free, N-terminal domain of MAGP-1. Interestingly, the interaction of MAGP-1 with type VI collagen was inhibited by tropoelastin, suggesting that the binding sites for tropoelastin and type VI collagen may be in the same domain of MAGP-1. A peptide, corresponding to amino acids 29-38 of MAGP-1, was found to inhibit the interactions of MAGP-1 with type VI collagen and tropoelastin. The results suggest that the peptide may contain the binding sequences for both type VI collagen and tropoelastin, and thus that these two proteins may share the same binding site on MAGP-1. The interactions of MAGP-1 with type VI collagen and tropoelastin were both determined to be of moderately high affinity, with Kd values of 5.6 x 10(-7) M and 2.6 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The findings indicate that MAGP-1 may mediate a molecular interaction between type VI collagen microfibrils and fibrillin-containing microfibrils, structures which are often found in close proximity to each other in a wide range of extracellular matrices.
Confidential and Secure Broadcast in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless sensor networks need broadcast for operations such as software updates, network queries, and command dissemination. Alongside ensuring authenticity of the source and data, keeping the broadcast data secret is vital in certain applications such as battlefield control, emergency response, and natural resource management. In this paper we propose and prototype a mechanism for ensuring confidentiality and authenticity of broadcast data in single-hop networks, and discuss possible extensions to multi-hop settings. Our scheme uses known low-complexity symmetric encryption techniques for confidentiality, while changing the encryption key on a per-packet basis in a verifiable but non-forgeable way to ensure authenticity. Message integrity, freshness, and semantic security are also provided, and the broadcast data can be dynamic and incrementally processed. We incorporate our security scheme into Deluge, the de facto network programming protocol in TinyOS, and quantify the cost in terms of broadcast data transfer time and node memory space on a TelosB mote based platform.