gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of colonic cancer by dietary phytic acid (1993)

Large differences exist between human populations in the frequency of colonic cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates that these differences are strongly influenced by country of residence, and a negative correlation has been found between the fiber content of the diet and frequency of colonic cancer. This has prompted the hypothesis that high-fiber diets are in some way protective. However, reanalysis of the dietary data provides equally strong support for the hypothesis that the protective element may be phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate). This heat- and acid-stable substance is present in high concentration in many food items, including cereal grains, nuts, and seeds. Phytic acid forms chelates with various metals and suppresses damaging iron-catalyzed redox reactions. Inasmuch as colonic bacteria have been shown to produce oxygen radicals in appreciable amounts, dietary phytic acid might suppress oxidant damage to intestinal epithelium and neighboring cells. Indeed, rapidly accumulating data from animal models indicate that dietary supplementation with phytic acid may provide substantial protection against experimentally induced colonic cancer. Should further investigations yield additional support for this hypothesis, purposeful amplification of dietary phytic acid content would represent a simple method for reducing the risk of colonic carcinogenesis.
Fluidically Switchable Metasurface for Wide Spectrum Absorption (2018)

Metasurfaces, owing to their attractive features, provide a wide range of potential applications. Electromagnetic absorbers based on metasurfaces have significantly improved responses compared to the earlier absorbers made from composite materials. Active metasurfaces, in contrast to the passive designs, can exhibit multifunctional characteristics without repeated fabrication. This paper presents a fluidically-reconfigurable active metasurface that provides switchable wide spectrum absorption. The proposed design is comprised of liquid-metal-encased dielectric substrates, sandwiched between the top resistive pattern and bottom ground plane. With precise control of the liquid metal flow, the structure can exhibit wide absorption bandwidth switching between two frequency regimes. Further, the proposed metasurface has a significant advantage of displaying polarization-insensitive behaviour, unlike the previous fluidically-reconfigured structures. The design has been investigated by illustrating surface current distributions and several parametric variations. Finally, the proposed structure was fabricated using laser etching, and experimentally validated. This work has paved the way towards the realization of reconfigurable metasurfaces with multifunctional characteristics, thus showing great potential in microfluidic technology for diverse applications.
Theoretical investigation of Vernier effect based sensors with hybrid porous silicon-polymer optical waveguides (2017)

A new combination of porous silicon and polymer optical waveguides is investigated for two different designs of Vernier effect based sensors for the surface detection of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) molecules. The hybrid structures studied consist of two cascaded micro-resonators for one and a micro-resonator cascaded with a Mach-Zehnder for the other. Because of its high specific surface and bio-compatibility, we use porous silicon to implement the waveguides in the sensing part of the sensor into which BSA molecules are grafted. Polymer waveguides are then used for the reference part of the sensor because of their low optical losses. We consider the opto-geometric parameters of both waveguides for single mode propagation. Finally, optimized designs, taking into account standard experimental wavelength shift measurement limitation, are presented for both structures. We demonstrate a theoretical Limit Of Detection (LOD) of 0.019 pg mm−2 and a sensitivity of 12.5 nm/(pg mm−2) with these hybrid sensors. To our knowledge, these values are lower by a factor of 8 for the LOD and higher by a factor of 200 for the sensitivity, as compared to state of the art Vernier effect biosensors.
Ionizing Radiation Induces Cellular Senescence of Articular Chondrocytes via Negative Regulation of SIRT1 by p38 Kinase (2009)

Radiotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of joint diseases, but limited information is available on the effects of radiation on cartilage. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms leading to cellular senescence in irradiated primary cultured articular chondrocytes. Ionizing radiation (IR) causes activation of ERK, in turn generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity. ROS activate p38 kinase, which further promotes ROS generation, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain ROS-p38 kinase signaling. The ROS inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and GSH, suppress phosphorylation of p38 and cell numbers positive for SA-beta-gal following irradiation. Moreover, inhibition of the ERK and p38 kinase pathways leads to blockage of IR-induced SA-beta-gal activity via reduction of ROS generation. Although JNK is activated by ROS, this pathway is not associated with cellular senescence of chondrocytes. Interestingly, IR triggers down-regulation of SIRT1 protein expression but not the transcript level, indicative of post-transcriptional cleavage of the protein. SIRT1 degradation is markedly blocked by SB203589 or MG132 after IR treatment, suggesting that cleavage occurs as a result of binding with p38 kinase, followed by processing via the 26 S proteasomal degradation pathway. Overexpression or activation of SIRT1 significantly reduces the IR-induced senescence phenotype, whereas inhibition of SIRT1 activity induces senescence. Based on these findings, we propose that IR induces cellular senescence of articular chondrocytes by negative post-translational regulation of SIRT1 via ROS-dependent p38 kinase activation.
Rapid Electromagnetic Rewarming of Cryopreserved Tissues Using Nano-Magnetoparticles: Feasibility Study (2008)

Cryopreservation and banking of biological cells and tissues have been widely utilized in scientific research and clinical applications. All practical cryopreservation protocols require biomaterials to survive two processes: cooling down to cryogenic storage temperature and the subsequent rewarming. Many investigations have shown that both cooling and rewarming rates are critical to the survival of cryopreserved cells, tissues, and organs [1]. Experimental evidence from a range of cell and organ model systems has suggested that better results may sometimes be obtained by rapid rewarming, particularly if the biomaterials have been cryopreserved via vitrification [2]. Unfortunately, the vitrification also introduces a new hazard — the formation of ice crystals during thawing the samples. By rewarming the vitrified biomaterials rapidly, it is possible to avoid recrystallization of the numerous micro ice nuclei formed during the cooling process [2]. For tissue samples with dimensions more than a few millimeters, the need for rapid rewarming precludes the use of the traditional approaches such as heat convection and conduction because the low thermal diffusivity of biomaterials prevents energy from conducting into the centre sufficiently quickly. Electromagnetic heating may be the only feasible method, which offers a significant advantage (i.e., heat is generated volumetrically) over conventional heating methods. However, for bulk tissue sample, the warming rate of tissue at the center of sample will inevitably be much less than that close to the surface. Such undesired results will lead to non-uniform heating, and may further result in thermal runaway, which is localized as exponential increase in temperature due to the temperature dependence of water’s dielectric properties [3]. In addition, for some cases, the warming rate of cryopreserved tissue by electromagnetic heating may still be not large enough. To solve the above problems, this study proposed an effective approach to perform rapid and uniform electromagnetic rewarming for cryopreserved bulk tissues through adjuvant use of nano-magnetoparticles. The principle of the present method is similar to that of electromagnetic induced nano-hyperthermia.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Grp78 Promoter by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2005)

TFII-I is a signal-induced multi-functional transcription factor that has recently been implicated as a regulatory component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. TFII-I acts through ER stress-induced binding to the ER stress element, which is highly conserved in promoters of ER stress-inducible genes such as Grp78/BiP. Interestingly, its tyrosine phosphorylation sites are required for its activation of the Grp78 promoter. Toward understanding the link between TFII-I, the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, and Grp78 activation, we discovered that Tg stress induces a dramatic increase of TFII-I phosphorylation at Tyr248 and localization of this form of TFII-I to the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis further reveals enhanced TFII-I binding to the Grp78 promoter in vivo upon ER stress. Previously, we reported that genistein, a general inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, could suppress ER stress induction of Grp78 by inhibiting complex formation on the ER stress element; however, the mechanism is not known. Consistent with TFII-I being a target of genistein suppression, we observed that genistein could suppress Tg stress-induced phosphorylation of TFII-I. We further demonstrate that c-Src, which is one of kinases identified to mediate phosphorylation of TFII-I at Tyr248, is activated by Tg stress and is able to stimulate the Grp78 promoter activity. Lastly, using stable cell lines with suppressed TFII-I levels, we show that TFII-I is required for optimal induction of Grp78 by ER stress. Our studies provide a molecular link that connects the c-Src tyrosine kinase transduction pathway to ER stress-induced transcriptional activation of Grp78 mediated by TFII-I.
Business Law Reform in the United States: Thinking Too Small? (2003)

Dean Johan Henning presents the South African experience with business entity reform as one part of a coordinated whole. It included, for example, government funding for business, tax reforms, accounting and securities changes. Henning says that these reforms, though multi-faceted, had a uniform purpose: to use small business as an engine to improve the economy and to move “historically and socially disadvantaged groups” into the mainstream of the economy and the society. These are noble goals and far reaching efforts, and a lot to ask of business entity reform. But because the South African experience was nonetheless successful by all counts, it is worth asking whether we could have—or have had—similar noble motives for business entity reform in the United States in the past decade. The efforts have proceeded on both state and federal levels, in response to many different motivations at many different times. Has the United States, nonetheless, somehow furthered a noble purpose even in this haphazard, piecemeal fashion? To answer this question, I will consider the United States' counterparts to Dean Henning's description of South African initiatives in three principal legal areas: business entity organization, federal income tax, and financial reporting and disclosure. Each area is a fundamental part of small business policy in the United States. Further, each of these areas had revolutionary developments in the 1990s. In substantive business entity law, we saw the creation of the limited liability company ("LLC") and limited liability partnership ("LLP"), and reform of corporation law to make it more consonant with the needs of closely-held businesses. In tax, we saw the development of the "check-the-box" rules for classification of entities for federal income tax purposes. Finally, in financial reporting and disclosure law, we saw important initiatives to simplify the tasks and ease the burdens on small businesses. In each area, I will review and attempt to reconstruct some of the evident policies. I conclude that in the attempt to provide alternatives for small businesses in the United States, there are now too many alternatives. Dean Henning urges to "think small, first." We have, perhaps, been thinking too small.
Contaminant degradation in water (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContaminant degradation in waterDavid F. OllisCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1985, 19, 6, 480–484Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00136a002https://doi.org/10.1021/es00136a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1387Altmetric-Citations417LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoimprint pattern transfer quality from specular x-ray reflectivity (2005)

Specular x-ray reflectivity is used for high precision measurements of the pattern height, residual layer thickness, and the line-to-space ratio for parallel line and space patterns fabricated with nanoimprint lithography. The line-to-space ratio is profiled vertically to reveal relative linewidth variations as a function of the feature height. These relative linewidth variations are quantified through an external measure of the average pitch to fully define the line shape profile or cross section. An excellent fidelity of the nanoimprint pattern transfer process is quantified by comparing the line shape profiles of the mold to the imprinted pattern.
Introducing blockchains for healthcare (2017)

Blockchains as a technology emerged to facilitate money exchange transactions and eliminate the need for a trusted third party to notarize and verify such transactions as well as protect data security and privacy. New structures of Blockchains have been designed to accommodate the need for this technology in other fields such as e-health, tourism and energy. This paper is concerned with the use of Blockchains in managing and sharing electronic health and medical records to allow patients, hospitals, clinics, and other medical stakeholder to share data amongst themselves, and increase interoperability. The selection of the Blockchains used architecture depends on the entities participating in the constructed chain network. Although the use of Blockchains may reduce redundancy and provide caregivers with consistent records about their patients, it still comes with few challenges which could infringe patients' privacy, or potentially compromise the whole network of stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate different Blockchains structures, look at existing challenges and provide possible solutions. We focus on challenges that may expose patients' privacy and the resiliency of Blockchains to possible attacks.
Drive-by downloads defense based on kernel level filtering (2012)

Recently, How to secure your browser out of malware attacks became the hottest topics on system security. According to the characteristics of Windows systems and drive-by download, this paper designed to eliminate drive-by malware installations present a browser-independent system architecture based on windows kernel file system filter driver and user-level hook technology. By Intercepting the user's download behavior, user-level module will get the file path information passed to the kernel-level file filter driver module, which can redirect all malicious program to a particular directory in which is to prevent the execution of any binary file. The capabilities of the design combining user-level modules and kernel-level modules can ensure the safety of the operation system. The experimental results present that our defense system has a good protection of the injection of malicious programs because of the fragile web browser and lower running overhead and little impacts to user.
siRNA-mediated down-regulation of survivin inhibits bladder cancer cell growth. (2004)

Survivin is recognized as a general target in cancer therapy because of its selective overexpression in the majority of tumors. In bladder cancer (BCa), its expression correlates with tumor grade, recurrence risk and survival. In this study, we compared the therapeutic efficiency of two survivin specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) constructs, SVV284 and SVV094, to inhibit the growth of five human BCa cell lines (EJ28, 5637, J82, RT112, RT4). In a period between 24 to 72 h after siRNA SVV284 transfection, EJ28 and 5637 showed a significant reduction (up to 47%) of viability. For both cell lines cell cycle analysis and quantitation of apoptosis revealed both a specific G2/M arrest and an induction of apoptosis, as well as the occurrence of multinucleated cells. The cell lines EJ28, 5637 and J82 exhibited a prolonged duplication time up to 1.4-fold at 72 h after treatment. Furthermore, in these three cell lines the mRNA and protein expression quantified by real time RT-PCR and ELISA was reduced by at least 50% and up to 99%, respectively. However, RT112 and RT4 cells did not show an effective down-regulation of survivin expression. In comparison to siRNA SVV284, the treatment with siRNA SVV094 exhibited less inhibitory effects on cell growth and survivin expression in all BCa cell lines tested. In summary, the results suggest that the anti-survivin siRNA treatment might represent a suitable therapeutic approach to selectively inhibit growth of BCa cells in addition to commonly applied therapy schemes.
Priority assignment in real-time active databases (2002)

Active databases and real-time databases have been important areas of research in the recent past. It has been recognized that many benefits can be gained by integrating active and real-time database technologies. However, there has not been much work done in the area of transaction processing in active real-time databases. This paper deals with an important aspect of transaction processing in active real-time databases, namely the problem of assigning priorities to transactions. In these systems, time-constrained transactions trigger other transactions during their execution. We present various policies for assigning priorities to parent, immediate and deferred transactions executing on a multiprocessor system and then evaluate the policies using simulation. The simulator has been validated by comparing to three sets of published results. Our new results demonstrate that dynamically changing the priorities of transactions depending on their behavior (triggering rules), yields a substantial improvement in the number of triggering transactions that meet their deadline.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fourier transform of a reversible linear sweep voltammogram (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier transform of a reversible linear sweep voltammogramSten O. EngblomCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 21, 2530–2538Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00045a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00045a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clearance of debris from the iris through the drainage angle of the rabbit's eye. (1978)

The fate of particulate material on entering the drainage angle of the rabbit's eye was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The infiltrate was produced by photocoagulation of the iris. Initially it consisted of plasma, connective tissue and cellular debris, fibrin, and red blood cells. Later, free melanin granules, polymorphs, macrophages, and iris clump cells were all seen to enter the drainage system. Native meshwork cells were found to be active phagocytes and began to degrade various components of the infiltrate within 2 hours of the formation of the iris lesions. Corneal endothelial cells, the cells which cover the iris pillars, and the adventitial cells of the ciliary body were less active but were also phagocytic.
A 28nm programmable and low power ultra-HD video codec engine (2014)

Video codec standards like H.264 and HEVC are driving the need for high computation and high memory bandwidth in current SOCs. On the other hand, portable devices like smartphones and tablets are driving the need to reduce power consumption for enhanced battery life. In this paper, we present a scalable H.264 Ultra-HD video codec engine that dissipates 9 mW of decode and 18 mW of encode power (for a typical HP H.264 1080p30 bit-stream) in 28 nm low power process technology node using various low power optimization techniques across architecture, design, circuit, software and systems.
[Simultaneous determination of catecholamines, serotonin, and their precursors and metabolites in body fluid by an HPLC system with multi-electrode electrochemical detector]. (1994)

We have developed two HPLC systems for the simultaneous determination of CA, 5-HT and their precursors and metabolites in human body fluid. One system consisted of two reversed-phase columns, a column switching device, a pair of electrodes for elimination of interferents and two sets of new electrochemical detectors with four electrodes. Using this system, adequate separation of peaks for 17 kinds of CA, 5-HT and their related metabolites in a standard solution required only 17 min. NE, MHPG, DOPAC, 5-HIAA, HVA and TRP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined without any pretreatment of the CSF samples. The concentrations of DOPAC, 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease than in the controls. The other system was developed for determination of CA acidic metabolites and 5-HIAA in human urine. This system consisted of a mixed-mode column (C18/anion) and 8-channel electrochemical detector with isocratic elution of citrate buffer. Detection limits, precision and analytical recoveries of this method were satisfactory for clinical use.