gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A REARRANGEMENT TO FORM DIETHYL 1-CYANOETHYL PHOSPHATE (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA REARRANGEMENT TO FORM DIETHYL 1-CYANOETHYL PHOSPHATELuther A. R. Hall, C. Wayne Stephens, and John J. DrysdaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 7, 1768–1769Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01564a071RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (236 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Radical initiated Homopolymerization of 2-Octyl Acrylate (1993)

Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Madras-600 025 <em>Manuscript received 25 July 1991, revised 26 May 1992, accepted 7 January 1993</em> Radical initiated Homopolymerization of 2-Octyl Acrylate
Empirical Estimates and Observations of 0Day Vulnerabilities (2009)

We define a 0Day vulnerability to be any vulnerability, in deployed software, that has been discovered by at least one person but has not yet been publicly announced or patched. These 0Day vulnerabilities are of particular interest when assessing the risk to a system from exploit of vulnerabilities which are not generally known to the public or, most importantly, to the owners of the system. Using the 0Day definition given above, we analyzed the 0Day lifespans of 491 vulnerabilities and conservatively estimated that in the worst year there were on average 2500 0Day vulnerabilities in existence on any given day. Then using a small but intriguing set of 15 0Day vulnerability lifespans representing the time from actual discovery to public disclosure, we made a more aggressive estimate. In this case, we estimated that in the worst year there were, on average, 4500 0Day vulnerabilities in existence on any given day.
Low-Temperature Large-Scale Synthesis and Electrical Testing of Ultralong Copper Nanowires (2010)

Copper nanowires (NWs) with uniform diameters and lengths ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers have been prepared with high yield by a simple hydrothermal procedure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis data indicate that the copper nanowires are free of any contamination, while the electron diffraction (ED) analysis has revealed the nanowires to be single crystals. The nanowire growth mechanism has also been discussed. Hexadecylamine is the surface stabilizing agent in our method, while glucose facilitates formation of single-crystalline seeds on which the copper nanowires grow. The electrical properties of the as-synthesized copper NWs have also been investigated.
Hydriding Properties of Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials Prepared Chemically from a Homogeneous Phase* (1994)

Article Hydriding Properties of Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials Prepared Chemically from a Homogeneous Phase* was published on January 1, 1994 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 183, issue 1-2).
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Based Hidden Markov Model for Offline Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition (2017)

Recently, an effective segmentation-free approach via deep neural network based hidden Markov model (DNN-HMM) was proposed and successfully applied to offline handwritten Chinese text recognition. In this study, to further improve the modeling capability, we adopt deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to calculate the HMM state posteriors. First, on the frame basis, the DCNN-HMM can automatically learn the features from the raw image of the handwritten text line via the convolutional architecture rather than the handcrafted gradient features using in the DNN-HMM. Second, we examine several important factors of DCNN to the recognition performance, namely the kernel size, the number of blocks and convolutional layers. We also improve the language modeling by using more text data and high-order N-gram. Tested on ICDAR 2013 competition task of CASIA-HWDB database, the proposed DCNN-HMM could achieve a character error rate (CER) of 4.07%, yielding a relative CER reduction of 30.8\% over the DNN-HMM approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best published result of the segmentation-free approaches. Furthermore, we explain why DCNN-HMM is more effective than DNN-HMM via the visualization of feature learning and the error pattern analysis.
Well test performance (1991)

This revised book explores the engineering operations and tools involved with analyzing the production behavior of oil and gas wells. It discusses the effect of well size, reservoir data, and operating conditions on the production rate; practical advice on the hydraulic design of wells and how to analyze them with numerical methods, including examples of each procedure; utilization of well performance design; and artificial lift methods.
Some Unusual Hydrates of Quaternary Ammonium Salts (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Unusual Hydrates of Quaternary Ammonium SaltsD. L. Fowler, W. V. Loebenstein, D. B. Pall, and Charles A. KrausCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1140–1142Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations209LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue and isoform-selective activation of protein kinase C in insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats - effects of feeding (1999)

The mechanisms of insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat have not been clearly established but increased diacylglycerol-protein kinase C (DAG-PKC) signalling has been associated with decreased glucose utilisation in states of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to characterise tissue- and isoform-selective differences in DAG-PKC signalling in insulin-sensitive tissues from obese Zucker rats, and to assess the effects of feeding on DAG-PKC pathways. Groups of male obese (fa/fa, n=24) and lean (fa/-, n=24) Zucker rats were studied after baseline measurements of fasting serum glucose, triglycerides, insulin and oral glucose tolerance tests. Liver, epididymal fat and soleus muscle samples were obtained from fed and overnight-fasted rats for measurements of DAG, PKC activity and individual PKC isoforms in cytosol and membrane fractions. Obese rats were heavier (488+/-7 vs 315+/-9 g) with fasting hyperglycaemia (10.5+/-0.8 vs 7.7+/-0.1 mM) and hyperinsulinaemia (7167+/-363 vs 251+/-62 pM) relative to lean controls. In fasted rats, PKC activity in the membrane fraction of liver was significantly higher in the obese group (174+/-16 vs 108+/-12 pmol/min/mg protein, P<0.05) but there were no differences in muscle and fat. The fed state was associated with increased DAG levels and threefold higher PKC activity in muscle tissue of obese rats, and increased expression of the major muscle isoforms, PKC-theta and PKC-epsilon: e.g. PKC activity in the membrane fraction of muscle from obese animals was 283+/-42 (fed) vs 107+/-20 pmol/min/mg protein (fasting) compared with 197+/-27 (fed) and 154+/-21 pmol/min/mg protein (fasting) in lean rats. In conclusion, hepatic PKC activity is higher in obese rats under basal fasting conditions and feeding-induced activation of DAG-PKC signalling occurs selectively in muscle of obese (fa/fa) rats due to increased DAG-mediated activation and/or synthesis of PKC-theta and PKC-epsilon. These changes in PKC are likely to exacerbate the hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia associated with obesity-induced diabetes.
Generating Descriptive Visual Words and Visual Phrases for Large-Scale Image Applications (2011)

Bag-of-visual Words (BoWs) representation has been applied for various problems in the fields of multimedia and computer vision. The basic idea is to represent images as visual documents composed of repeatable and distinctive visual elements, which are comparable to the text words. Notwithstanding its great success and wide adoption, visual vocabulary created from single-image local descriptors is often shown to be not as effective as desired. In this paper, descriptive visual words (DVWs) and descriptive visual phrases (DVPs) are proposed as the visual correspondences to text words and phrases, where visual phrases refer to the frequently co-occurring visual word pairs. Since images are the carriers of visual objects and scenes, a descriptive visual element set can be composed by the visual words and their combinations which are effective in representing certain visual objects or scenes. Based on this idea, a general framework is proposed for generating DVWs and DVPs for image applications. In a large-scale image database containing 1506 object and scene categories, the visual words and visual word pairs descriptive to certain objects or scenes are identified and collected as the DVWs and DVPs. Experiments show that the DVWs and DVPs are informative and descriptive and, thus, are more comparable with the text words than the classic visual words. We apply the identified DVWs and DVPs in several applications including large-scale near-duplicated image retrieval, image search re-ranking, and object recognition. The combination of DVW and DVP performs better than the state of the art in large-scale near-duplicated image retrieval in terms of accuracy, efficiency and memory consumption. The proposed image search re-ranking algorithm: DWPRank outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithm by 12.4% in mean average precision and about 11 times faster in efficiency.
Synthesis of modified peptides (1999)

Abstract Several important hormones such as oxytocin, secretin, and LHRH are known to be peptidyl amides. In addition to these, other peptidyl amides such as indolicidin and the protegrins have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. The in vivo production of such compounds is via endogenous enzymatic cleavage of propeptides, making their synthesis by genetic engineering notoriously difficult. Furthermore, to facilitate the survival of synthetic peptidyl amides in vivo, an obvious defence against the action of carboxypeptidases is the N-alkylation of the carboxylic amide terminus. Such secondary amides would be expected to exhibit vastly different solubility and transport properties to primary amides, thus their chemical synthesis is of immense importance. The solid phase synthesis of peptidyl amides and peptidyl N-alkyl amides is centred around two main strategies: 1. Ammonolysis/aminolysis of resin-bound esters. 2. Use of resin-bound primary amines, which may in turn be chemically modified to generate novel secondary amine functionalized linkers for the synthesis of peptidyl N-alkyl amides. Early examples of the use of resin-bound amines for the solid synthesis of peptidyl amides involve the use of linkers such as benzhydrylamine or benzylamine. Following peptide assembly, these linkers require highly acidic (e.g. HF) mediated cleavage, and hence simultaneous removal of acid-labile sidechain protection groups occurs and may cause problems. Systematic modifications of these linker-resins by substitution with electron-donating substituents have resulted in the generation of numerous linker-resins with increased acid sensitivity. Notably, the 4-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenylaminomethyl) phenoxy derivatized (Rink) resin 1, which is cleavable by 95% v/v TFA, and the 5-(2-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylaminornethyl-3,5-dimethoxy)- phenoxyvaleric acid (PAL) linker 2 acidolysed by 75% v/v TFA. Greater acid lability has been achieved using the xanthenyl derivatized resin, 9-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)xanthen-3-yloxymethyl polystyrene (Sieber amide) resin 3, which besides being cleavable by 1% v/v TFA, holds the added advantage of readily undergoing reductive N-alkylation to afford resin-bound secondary amines for the synthesis of peptidyl N-alkyl amides. In addition to the method detailed below, a number of alternative approaches have recently been reported.
Seedless synthesis of patterned ZnO nanowire arrays on metal thin films (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn) and their application for flexible electromechanical sensing (2012)

The synthesis of high quality ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays on a range of conventional conductive substrates has important applications in LEDs, nanogenerators and piezotronics. In this paper, using ammonium hydroxide as the reactant, together with zinc nitrate hexahydrate, ZnO NW arrays have been grown on various patterned metal layers, such as Au, Ag, Cu and Sn, without pre-depositing a seed layer. The mechanism for this novel synthesis route has been discussed and the effect of parameters such as ammonia concentration and solution/container volume ratio on the nanowire growth has also been investigated. Preferentially selective nucleation and the subsequent growth of ZnO NW arrays was demonstrated on patterns of different metals without a ZnO seed. Electrical characterization was subsequently performed to reveal the characteristics of the contacts formed between the ZnO NWs and the underlying metal layer . Further demonstration of the as-fabricated ZnO NW arrays on flexible substrates as an electromechanical switch in response to externally applied strain exhibits the potential applications of the demonstrated seedless synthesis of patterned ZnO NW arrays in areas ranging from sensing, and energy harvesting to interfacing piezotronics with silicon based technologies.
A Study on Emotional Influence of Shapes of Care-Worker Support Robot (2003)

本研究では, 介護者支援ロボットの形状が被介護者に与える精神的影響に着目し, 介護者支援ロボットに適した形状について考察した。手法としては, アンケートを用い, 介護施設の職員, 利用者に対し調査を行った。
Radial Arm Saw Basics (1991)

Exploring the radial arm saw blades safety procedures pre-use procedures basic cuts adjusting the radial arm saw projects.
On the determination of series resistance and diode quality factor of solar cells (1976)

The series resistance and diode quality factor are used for evaluation of solar cell performance. These parameters are normally deduced from the terminal I-V characteristics under forward bias. The method produces a smaller series resistance and a larger value for diode quality factor than appropriate for the device when operating as a solar cell. It is suggested that the diode quality factor be determined from measured saturated photocurrent, open circuit voltage characteristics and the series resistance be measured with an r-f bridge or calculated from a measurement of the surface sheet resistance.
[ST-T segment alternans in ventricular tachycardia associated with inversion of the U wave in Prinzmetal angina during exercise test. Description of a clinical case]. (1990)

A case of ST segment alternans during effort angina is described. This is the seventh such case in the literature. Here the alternans appeared during a ventricular tachycardia. As with the other cases in literature, the alternans took place during an ischemic attack which affected the anterior wall.
A Proactive Routing Protocol for Multi-Channel Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (2006)

Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks consist of a collection of peer mobile nodes that form a network and are capable of communicating with each other without help from stationary infrastructure such as access points. The availability of low-cost, commodity network interface cards (NICs) has made the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol the de facto MAC protocol for wireless mobile ad-hoc net-works, even though it is not optimal. The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is designed to have stations share a single channel in a given network. However, many of the IEEE 802.11 physical (PHY) layer specifications define multiple channels and allow the simultaneous, non-interfering use of some of these channels. Therefore, multiple communications can occur at the same time, offering the opportunity to increase the effective network capacity. We present an innovative routing protocol that utilizes multiple channels to improve the performance of wireless ad-hoc networks. The basic idea of the protocol is to use multiple channels so that multiple useful transmissions can occur simultane-
High-quality 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP BH-DFB lasers with first-order gratings (1983)

High-quality 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP BH-DFB lasers have been demonstrated. The threshold current was 16 mA and the differential quantum efficiency was 25% per facet. A stable single-longitudinal-mode oscillation was obtained, both up to four times the threshold current and up to 85°C. These results are comparable or superior to reported results of Fabry-Perot BH lasers.
Effect of heat accumulation on the dynamic range of a gold nanorod doped polymer nanocomposite for optical laser writing and patterning (2007)

Even though gold nanorod doped dielectrics have been widely used for optical laser writing and patterning there has been no attempt to study the dynamic range of these nanocomposites, let alone exploring ways to improve this property. Here we study the dynamic range of a gold nanorod doped polyvinyl alcohol film for various laser spot sizes at two different laser pulse repetition rates and show that when a high repetition rate laser source is employed the dynamic range of the nanocomposite is severely limited due to accumulative heating inside the focal volume. This problem could be solved by silica-coating the nanorods inside the polymer matrix. This method does not compromise the high repetition rate of the laser writing source and yet retains the attractive flexible properties of the polymer matrix. The silica-coated gold nanorod doped polymer nanocomposite could be an attractive medium for future high-speed, high repetition rate pulsed laser writing and patterning applications.
Medical Board of California (1995)

passed sections, provided the exam is administered prior to December 31, 1994 and the Board determines that the exam is equivalent in scope and subject matter to the written exam last given in California.Candidates who begin the exam process by taking CLARB's exam
Fabrication of Green Lignin-based Flame Retardants for Enhancing the Thermal and Fire Retardancy Properties of Polypropylene/Wood Composites (2016)

Despite growing extensive applications, until now the poor thermal stability and flame retardancy properties of wood–plastic composites (WPC) remain effectively unsolved. Meanwhile, industrial lignin has emerged as a potential component for polymer composites due to many advantages including abundance, rich reactive functional groups, high carbon content and tailored capability for chemical transformations. Herein, we have fabricated one biobased flame retardant based on industrial lignin chemically grafted with phosphorus, nitrogen and copper elements, as the functional additive for the WPC. Compared with unmodified lignin (O-lignin), functionalized lignin (F-lignin) is more effective to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of WPC because of presence of the flame retardancy elements (P and N) and the catalytic effect of Cu2+ on the char-formation. The presence of F-lignin not only reduces the heat release rate, total heat release and slows down the combustion process but also decreases total smoke production rate during combustion. The char residue shows that it is the increased char residues and its continuous compact char formed during burning that are responsible for enhanced flame retardancy properties. This work suggests a novel green strategy for improving flame retardancy performance of WPC and promoting the utilization of industrial lignin.
NADPH oxidase and aging drive microglial activation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration following systemic LPS administration (2013)

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated with increasing motor dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in inflammation-mediated SN neurotoxicity. A comparison of control (NOX2(+/+) ) mice with NOX subunit gp91(phox) -deficient (NOX2(-/-) ) mice 10 months after LPS administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a 39% (P < 0.01) loss of TH+IR neurons in NOX2(+/+) mice, whereas NOX2(-/-) mice did not show a significant decrease. Microglia (Iba1+IR) showed morphological activation in NOX2(+/+) mice, but not in NOX2(-/-) mice at 1 hr. Treatment of NOX2(+/+) mice with LPS resulted in a 12-fold increase in NOX2 mRNA in midbrain and 5.5-6.5-fold increases in NOX2 protein (+IR) in SN compared with the saline controls. Brain reactive oxygen species (ROS), determined using diphenyliodonium histochemistry, was increased by LPS in SN between 1 hr and 20 months. Diphenyliodonium (DPI), an NOX inhibitor, blocked LPS-induced activation of microglia and production of ROS, TNFα, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Although LPS increased microglial activation and ROS at all ages studied, saline control NOX2(+/+) mice showed age-related increases in microglial activation, NOX, and ROS levels at 12 and 22 months of age. Together, these results suggest that NOX contributes to persistent microglial activation, ROS production, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration that persist and continue to increase with age.