gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS/PSEUDOLITE/SDINS INTEGRATION APPROACH FOR KINEMATIC APPLICATIONS (2002)

This paper discusses the introduction of pseudolites (ground-based GPS-like signal transmitters) in existing integrated GPS/INS systems in order to provide higher availability, integrity and accuracy in a local area. Even though integrated GPS/INS systems can overcome inherent drawbacks of each component system (line-ofsight requirement for GPS, and INS errors that grow with time), performance is nevertheless degraded under adverse operational circumstances. Some typical examples are when the duration of satellite signal blockage exceeds an INS bridging level, resulting in large accumulated INS errors that are not able to be calibrated by GPS. Such a scenario is unfortunately a common occurrence for certain kinematic applications. To address such shortcomings, both pseudolite/INS and GPS/pseudolite/INS integration schemes are proposed here. Typically the former is applicable for indoor positioning where the GPS signal is unavailable for use. The latter would be appropriate for system augmentation when the number and geometry of visible satellites is not sufficient for accurate positioning or attitude determination. This paper describes some technical issues concerned with implementing these two integration schemes, including the measurement model, and the appropriate Kalman filter for GPS and pseudolite carrier phase measurements. In addition, geometric analyses and the results from the processing of simulated measurements, as well as field experiments, are presented in order to characterize the system performance. It has been established that the GPS/PL/INS and PL/INS integration schemes would make it possible to ensure centimeter level positioning accuracy even if the number of GPS signals is insufficient, or completely unavailable.
Power and polarization beam-splitters, mirrors, and integrated interferometers based on air-hole photonic crystals and lateral large index-contrast waveguides (2006)

Air hole 2D photonic crystals (PhC) and air slots have been used in association with semiconductor ridge waveguides to produce highly compact beam-splitters (less than 10 microm x10 microm) for power or polarization separators and mirrors. An efficiency of 99 % (in both 2D and 3D formulations) has been obtained for the power beam-splitter using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations - and around 95 % has been measured experimentally for structures realized in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. In the polarization splitter, an extinction ratio as large as 11 dB was also reached experimentally. Examples of combinations of these elements in the form of interferometers are also presented.
Pulse Width Control for Precise Positioning of Structurally Flexible Systems Subject to Stiction and Coulomb Friction (2004)

Pulse width control refers to the use of a control law to determine the duration of fixed-height force pulses for point-to-point position control of a plant that is subject to mechanical friction, including stiction. The use of constant-gain pulse width control laws for precise positioning of structurally flexible plants subject to stiction and Coulomb friction is analyzed. It is shown that when the plant is a simple two-mass system subject to stiction and Coulomb friction, a position error limit cycle can result. Sufficient conditions for stability and self-sustained oscillation of this closed-loop system are derived. The sufficient conditions for stability are used to determine conditions on the plant parameters and the control gain that guarantee closed-loop stability and thus limit-cycle-free operation and zero steady-state position error. The analysis methods that are introduced are demonstrated in applications to the control of the position of the end-effector of an industrial robot.
Simulation study of multiple intelligent vehicle control using stochastic learning automata (1997)

An intelligent controller is described for an automated vehicle planning its trajectory based on sensor and communication data received. The intelligent controller is designed using a stochastic learning automaton. Using the data received from on-board sensors, two automata (for lateral and longitudinal actions) are capable of learning the best possible actions to avoid collisions. The system has the advantage of being able to work in unmodeled stochastic environments. Computer simulation is a way to test the effectiveness of the learning automata method because the system becomes highly complex because of the presence of a large number of vehicles. Simulations for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control of a vehicle using this method provide encouraging results. Multiple vehicle simulations are also given, and the resulting complexity is discussed. The analysis of the situations is made possible by the study of the interacting reward-penalty mechanisms in individual vehicles. Simple scenarios consisting of multiple vehicles are defined as collections of discrete states, and each state is treated as a game of automata. The definition of the physical environment as a series of discrete state transitions associated with a &quot;stationary automata environment&quot; is the key to this analysis and to the design of the intelligent controller. The aim is to obtain the necessary and sufficient rules for state transitions to reach the goal state.
Mutants (<i>ompA</i>) Affecting a Major Outer Membrane Protein of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1978)

Seventy independent mutants have been analyzed affecting a major protein, polypeptide II, of the outer cell envelope membrane from Escherichia coli K12. They were classified as nonsense mutants of the amber type (20%), mutants most likely of the missense type possessing the protein at normal concentrations (9%), and mutants either missing the protein or harboring it at much reduced concentrations for unknown reasons (71%). Forty of the mutants were analyzed genetically and all were found to map at or near ompA, the structural gene for protein II. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of envelopes from such mutants revealed an unusual heterogeneity of the protein which on such patterns appeared as at least 12 well separated spots, and the majority of these is due to artifacts of the method but apparently specific for this protein. In no case was a polypeptide fragment found in envelopes from the nonsense mutants. The results are discussed regarding two different phages which use the protein as a receptor and concerning the biosynthetic incorporation of the protein into the outer membrane.
Arabidopsis <i>cop8</i> and <i>fus4</i> Mutations Define the Same Gene That Encodes Subunit 4 of the COP9 Signalosome (1999)

The pleiotropic constitutive photomorphogenic/deetiolated/fusca (cop/det/fus) mutants of Arabidopsis exhibit features of light-grown seedlings when grown in the dark. Cloning and biochemical analysis of COP9 have revealed that it is a component of a multiprotein complex, the COP9 signalosome (previously known as the COP9 complex). Here, we compare the immunoaffinity and the biochemical purification of the COP9 signalosome from cauliflower and confirm its eight-subunit composition. Molecular cloning of subunit 4 of the complex revealed that it is a proteasome-COP9 complex-eIF3 domain protein encoded by a gene that maps to chromosome 5, near the chromosomal location of the cop8 and fus4 mutations. Genetic complementation tests showed that the cop8 and fus4 mutations define the same locus, now designated as COP8. Molecular analysis of the subunit 4-encoding gene in both cop8 and fus4 mutants identified specific molecular lesions, and overexpression of the subunit 4 cDNA in a cop8 mutant background resulted in complete rescue of the mutant phenotype. Thus, we conclude that COP8 encodes subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome. Examination of possible molecular interactions by using the yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that COP8 is capable of strong self-association as well as interaction with COP9, FUS6/COP11, FUS5, and Arabidopsis JAB1 homolog 1, the latter four proteins being previously defined subunits of the Arabidopsis COP9 signalosome. A comparative sequence analysis indicated that COP8 is highly conserved among multicellular eukaryotes and is also similar to a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome.
Antitumor activity of 1-beta-D-arainofuranosylcytosine hydrochloride. (1961)

Summary1-β-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine hydrochloride has been shown to be active against recently transplanted and established Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma and L-1210 leukemia in mice. This nucleoside was inactive at the same dose per kilogram of body weight in tumor-bearing rats.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype analysis in apparently healthy anti‐ HCV‐positive Parisian blood donors (1996)

Among the sampled population, an HCV prevalence rate of 0.26 percent was found, with the five most common European genotypes causing the infections. Four new subtypes were discovered. Correlation between genotype and risk factors was not apparent, but links with age, sex, and ethnic origin emerged.
VITAMIN K in Health and Disease (2009)

Vitamin K: Past, Present, Future Essential for normal blood coagulation, possible roles in bone, vascular, and tumor metabolism, and a nutrient critical to the health of the newborn infant -- these are just some of the many health-promoting aspects of Vitamin K. Vitamin K in Health and Disease navigates the exciting research venues that have opened
Investigating the use of Different Visual Cues to Improve Social Presence within a 360 Mixed Reality Remote Collaboration* (2019)

In this paper, we investigate the social aspects and effects of various visual cues in a 360 panorama-based Mixed Reality remote collaboration system. We conducted a series of user studies using a prototype system to compare the effects of different combinations of visual cues including hand gestures, ray pointing and drawing in a remote collaborative task. We found that adding ray pointing and drawing can enhance the social aspects of a remote collaborative experience and also can lower the required task mental effort. We discuss the findings and suggest directions for future research.
Synthesis and Modification of Clinoptilolite (2017)

Clinoptilolite is a natural mineral with exceptional physical characteristics resulting from its special crystal structure, mainstreamed into a large zeolite group called heulandites. An overall view of the research related to the synthesis, modification and application of synthetic clinoptilolite is presented. A single phase of clinoptilolite can be hydrothermally synthesized for 1-10 days in an autoclave from various silica, alumina, and alkali sources with initial Si/Al ratio from 3.0 to 5.0 at a temperature range from 120 to 195 °C. Crystallization rate and crystallinity of clinoptilolite can be improved by seeding. The modification of clinoptilolite has received noticeable attention from the research community, since modified forms have specific properties and therefore their area of application has been broadening. This paper provides a review of the use of organic compounds such as quarter alkyl ammonium, polymer, amine and inorganic species used in the modification process, discusses the processes and mechanisms of clinoptilolite modification, and identifies research gaps and new perspectives.
Design for testability using register-transfer level partial scan selection (1995)

No abstract available.
A predictive model for the excess gibbs free energy of fully dissociated electrolyte solutions (2010)

Abstract In this work, we show that the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and vapor pressure of aqueous electrolyte solutions can be successfully predicted through combining the Pitzer‐Debye‐Hückel model for long‐range interactions and the modified COSMO‐SAC model for short‐range interactions. This method contains only a small number (13) of universal parameters to describe various types of interactions between different species, such as ions, hydrogen‐bonding species, and non‐hydrogen bonding species. This approach does not require any pair interaction parameters between species and does not contain any ion specific parameter other than the element radius. We have examined this method for the properties of three types of systems, including a single salt in water, mixture salts in water, and a single salt in solvent mixtures containing water and alcohols. The predicted results are found to be in good agreement with those from experiments over wide ranges of concentration and temperature. This model is, in principle, applicable to all types of electrolyte solutions and is especially useful for property estimation for cases when no experimental data are available. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study (2020)

The duration of SARS-CoV-2 is significantly longer in stool samples than in respiratory and serum samples, highlighting the need to strengthen the management of stool samples in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and the virus persists longer with higher load and peaks later in the respiratory tissue of patients with severe disease.
MPEG interlaced video transcoding for a networked video browsing system (2004)

This paper proposes a transcoding technique with low computational complexity, by means of eliminating high order DCT coefficients. Although the computational complexity of the DCT coefficient reduction technique is very low, this technique induces severe drift errors and produces poor-quality blockish pictures; artifacts are especially noticeable in interlaced video. Therefore, we propose a fast transcoding method of interlaced video which can reduce these artifacts. Our technique detects problem blocks, and allocate them with higher order DCT coefficients into the new MPEG stream. As a result of using our proposed technique, experiments show that artifacts caused by drift errors are mostly reduced, and the computational complexity is very low. Only 4.1% of all the luminance blocks are detected as problem blocks. Hence, most blocks are filled with the minimum set of DCT information required in the transcoded stream. Moreover, we develop a networked video browsing system by using our proposed transcoding method to play multiple streams in a client viewer, simultaneously.
Effect of 25‐OH‐vitamin D on fracture healing in elderly rats (1998)

To investigate the effect of 25-OH-vitamin D supplements (calcidiol) on fracture healing in the elderly, an experimental model with 15 18-month-old female Wistar rats was designed. An experimental fracture in the middle third of both femora of each rat was made. Then the rats were randomly assigned to two groups: one group was subcutaneously treated with 25-OH-vitamin D during all healing processes, and the other group (the control group) was not. After 5 weeks of healing, the animals were killed and both femora were extracted. Blood samples were collected before fracture and at death to determine the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D. All bones that were extracted were subjected to a torsion test to assess healing; a significantly greater maximum shear force before failure was supported in the treated group (p < 0.01). Moreover, a positive correlation (p < 0.01; r=0.55) was found between blood levels of 25-OH-vitamin D at death and the mechanical strength of the callus. Thus, the administration of 25-OH-vitamin D after the experimental fracture significantly improved the mechanical strength of the fractured bone. If similar results are found in the human, then treatment with 25-OH-vitamin D after the occurrence of a fracture would be a good way to improve fracture healing in the elderly.
Improving bacterial blight resistance of‘6078′, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular marker‐assisted selection (2001)

Abstract Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X00) , is one of the most devastating diseases of rice world‐wide; it is also a serious problem of hybrid rice production in China. In this study, a molecular marker‐assisted introgression of Xa21 , a gene highly resistant to a broad spectrum of Xoo strains, from ‘IRBB21’ was performed to improve the BB resistance of‘6078′, a new restorer line with high yielding potential. The entire process took one generation of crossing followed by three generations of backcrossing and one generation of selfing. The presence of Xa21 in each generation was determined by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pathogen inoculation. Recombinations between Xa21 and flanking markers were identified by PCR analysis. Background selection was conducted in BC 1 F 1 and BC 2 F 1 using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers detecting a total of 129 polymorphic bands between‘6078’ and ‘IRBB21′. The individual selected in BC 3 F 2 , or‘6078′( Xa21 ), carried a fragment of less than 3.8 cM from the donor line in the Xa21 region on chromosome 11, and about 98.8% of the genetic background from the recurrent parent. The results showed that‘6078′( Xa21 ) had the same level and spectrum of BB resistance as the donor parent ‘IRBB21′, while maintaining the agronomic performance and combining ability of the original 6078. A significant increase in BB resistance was also achieved in the hybrid using 6078( Xa21 ) as the restorer line.
DocBook-Based Literate Programming (2001)

Despite the increasing availability of evidence in transfusion medicine literature, this evidence does not automatically find its way into practice. This is also applicable to patient blood management (PBM). It may concern the lack of implementation of effective new techniques or treatments, or it may apply to the (over)use of techniques and treatments (e.g. inappropriate transfusions) that have proven to be of limited benefit for patients (low-value care) and could be abandoned (de-implementation). In PBM literature, the implementation of restrictive transfusion thresholds and the de-implementation of inappropriate transfusions are described. However, most implementation strategies were not preceded by the identification of relevant barriers, and the used strategies were not often supported by literature on behavioural changes. In this article, we describe implementation vs de-implementation, highlight the current situation of (de)implementation in PBM and describe a systematic approach for (de)implementation illustrated by an example of a PBM de-implementation study regarding '(cost-) effective patient blood management in total hip and knee arthroplasty'. The systematic approach used for (de)implementation is based on the implementation model of Grol, which consists of the following five steps: the detection of improvement goals, a problem analysis, the selection of (de)implementation strategies, the execution of the (de)implementation strategy and an evaluation. Based on the description of the current situation and the experiences in our de-implementation study, we can conclude that de-implementation may be more difficult than expected as other factors may play a role in effective de-implementation compared to implementation.
A Novel Technique for Low Latency Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

This paper proposes a brand new medium access control (MAC) protocol specifically designed for wireless sensor network applications that require low data latency. Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices and its main application is environmental monitoring. The proposed protocol uses novel techniques to offer a low end-to-end data transmission latency from the furthest away nodes to the sink in a unique working-cycle while offering a low-duty-cycle operation. Key features of this protocol include a synchronised sleep schedule to reduce control overhead along with a mechanism to avoid overhearing unnecessary traffic and elude collisions.
cAMP and purinergic P<sub>2y</sub>receptors upregulate and enhance inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein in vivo (1997)

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and purinergic P2y receptor agonists upregulate inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) but inhibit Escherichia coli endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cytokine-mediated upregulation of iNOS in cultured cells. We examined the effects of cAMP and P2y receptor agonists on the iNOS system in vivo. Intratracheal administration of dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg), a P2y receptor agonist [2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (MeS-ATP), 5 mg/kg], or LPS (0.6 mg/kg) to rats 2 h before bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) increased iNOS mRNA (competitor-equalized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and iNOS protein (Western blot) in rat alveolar macrophages compared with the effects of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (0.5 ml it). At equal levels of upregulation of iNOS mRNA, 1) LPS, but not DBcAMP or MeS-ATP, upregulated nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and 2) iNOS protein and formation of NO were greater in alveolar macrophages from LPS- and MeS-ATP-treated rats than from DBcAMP-treated rats. Administration of DBcAMP or MeS-AMP 15 min before LPS did not inhibit LPS-induced alveolar macrophage-derived iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, and NO. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC, 5 mg/kg it) inhibited LPS-induced iNOS mRNA but did not affect upregulation of iNOS mRNA produced by the other agonists. We conclude that an LPS-dependent and -independent pathway of iNOS mRNA induction exists in vivo. The former is activated by IPS and most cytokines, is associated with upregulation of NF-kappa B and inhibited by DETC, and elicits an inflammatory response. The latter, activated by DBcAMP and MeS-ATP, is not associated with upregulation of NF-kappa B, inhibition by DETC, or activation of inflammation. The two systems are additive in vivo rather than antagonistic. Speculatively, if the LPS-independent iNOS pathway exists in humans, the iNOS in tissues from patients taking drugs affecting cAMP or P2y receptors may be iatrogenic rather than pathogenetic in origin.
In Vivo Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Phosphorylation of the α Subunit of Wheat Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (2000)

The regulation of protein synthesis is a critical component in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. A major mechanism of translational control in response to diverse abiotic and biotic stress signals involves the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha). The pathway has been demonstrated in all eukaryotes except plants, although components of a putative plant pathway have been characterized. To evaluate the in vivo capability of plant eIF2alpha to participate in the translation pathway, we have used vaccinia virus recombinants that constitutively express wheat eIF2alpha and inducibly express the eIF2alpha dsRNA-stimulated protein kinase, PKR, in BSC-40 cells. Activation of PKR in cells expressing wild-type wheat eIF2alpha resulted in an inhibition of cellular and viral protein synthesis and an induction of cellular apoptosis correlating with phosphorylation of eIF2alpha on serine 51. Expression of a nonphosphorylatable mutant (51A) of plant eIF2alpha reversed the PKR-mediated translational block as well as the PKR-induced apoptosis. A direct interaction of the plant proteins with the mammalian translational initiation apparatus is supported by coimmunoprecipitation of wild-type plant eIF2alpha and the 51A mutant with mammalian eIF2gamma and the localization of the plant proteins in ribosome fractions. These findings suggest that plant eIF2alpha is capable of interacting with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B within the context of the eIF2 holoenzyme and provide direct evidence for its ability to participate in phosphorylation-mediated translational control in vivo.