gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Formation of Integral Asymmetric Composite Membranes of Polystyrene<i>‐block‐</i>Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) on a Nonwoven (2012)

Abstract The formation of an integral asymmetric membrane composed of a cylinder‐forming polystyrene ‐block‐ poly(2‐vinylpyridine) on a nonwoven by using solvent casting followed by solvent/nonsolvent exchange (phase inversion) is reported for the first time. The influence of parameters such as solvent composition, evaporation time of the solution‐cast block copolymer film before phase inversion, and immersion bath temperature is demonstrated. The optimized membranes are characterized in terms of stimuli‐responsive water flux properties. The morphologies of the membranes as well as of the bulk of the block copolymer are imaged by scanning force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. magnified image
Membrane-bound phosphatases in Escherichia coli: sequence of the pgpB gene and dual subcellular localization of the pgpB product (1988)

The phosphatidyl glycerophosphate B phosphatase of Escherichia coli has a multiple substrate specificity and a peculiar dual subcellular localization in the envelope. Its phosphatidyl glycerophosphate phosphatase activity is higher in the cytoplasmic membrane, while phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activities are higher in the outer membrane. The DNA sequencing of the pgpB gene revealed a protein of 251 amino acids which had at least five hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions. About 37 hydrophilic residues in the middle of the sequence had considerable homology with the C-terminal conserved region of the ras family genes in eucaryotes. A protein of 28,000 daltons was expressed from the pgpB gene under a tac promoter in a runaway replication plasmid. This overproduced protein also revealed the dual subcellular localization.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress Toward the Total Synthesis of Bafilomycin A<sub>1</sub>: Stereoselective Synthesis of the C15—C25 Subunit by Additions of Nonracemic Allenylzinc Reagents to Aldehydes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast light, slow light and left-handed light (2005)

The propagation of light in dispersive media is a subject of fundamental as well as practical importance. In recent years attention has focused in particular on how refractive index can vary with frequency in such a way that the group velocities of optical pulses can be much greater or much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum, or in which the refractive index can be negative. Treating these topics at an introductory to intermediate level, Fast Light, Slow Light and Left-Handed Light focuses on the basic theory and describes the significant experimental progress made during the past decade. The book pays considerable attention to the fact that superluminal group velocities are not in conflict with special relativity and to the role of quantum effects in preventing superluminal communication and violations of Einstein causality. It also explores some of the basic physics at the opposite extreme of very slow group velocities as well as stopped and regenerated light, including the concepts of electromagnetically induced transparency and dark-state polaritons. Another very active aspect of the subject discussed concerns the possibility of designing metamaterials in which the refractive index can be negative and propagating light is left-handed in the sense that the phase and group velocities are in opposite directions. The last two chapters are an introduction to some of the basic theory and consequences of negative refractive index, with emphasis on the seminal work carried out since 2000. The possibility that "perfect" lenses can be made from negative-index metamaterials-which has been perhaps the most controversial aspect of the field-is introduced and discussed in some detail.
Macromolecular prodrugs. IXX. Kinetics of hydrolysis of benzyl dextran carbonate ester conjugates in aqueous buffer solutions and human plasma. (1991)

Benzyl carbonate esters of dextran with varying degrees of substitution have been synthesized. The kinetics of the hydrolytic cleavage of the carbonate ester bond in aqueous solution within the pH range 0.44-10.46 (37 degrees C) has been investigated. The degradation reactions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and a rate expression encompassing hydrogen ion-, hydroxide ion- and water-catalyzed hydrolysis of the dextran conjugates was derived. No influence of the degree of substitution on the reaction rates was observed. In alkaline solution a slightly enhanced lability of trifluorethyl benzyl carbonate ester compared to the benzyl dextran carbonate esters was observed, indicating a lack of any significant intramolecular catalytic effect in the hydrolysis of the dextran esters. Almost identical rates of liberation of benzyl alcohol were found in 80% human plasma and aqueous buffer of pH 7.4, indicating the lack of enzyme-mediated cleavage of the dextran carbonate ester bond.
Analyses of<i>Passiflora</i>Compounds by Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques (2014)

Passiflora is one of the 27 genera of the Passifloraceae family. Some Passiflora species are known by their edible fruits, which have a distinct flavor and aroma that favor their in natura consumption and their applicability in the food industry. Also, Passiflora leaves have therapeutical properties, such as the widely known anxiolytic and sedative effects. The quality control and the assessment of the compounds responsible for the Passiflora properties can be done by several chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, such as planar chromatography (TLC and HTPLC), liquid chromatography (HPLC and UHPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The aim of this article is to review the analytical techniques used for the evaluation of the different compounds present in each part of a Passiflora plant, exploring the leaves, the fruits with their rinds and seeds, and other Passiflora parts, such as nectar and callus culture compositions, as well as to compare stability tests on several Passiflora products.
Home, Sweet Home: Children, Family/Domestic Violence and Homelessness (2003)

Domestic Violence Children's Counseling Service (DVCCS) has been working with this group of children, aged 3 to 18 years of age to provide individual counseling, support and group work. The program also gives information to parents about how witnessing domestic violence impacts children and suggests ways that parents can assist them.
Fair micropayment system based on hash chains (2005)

Micropayment schemes usually do not provide fairness, which means that either the customer or the merchant, or both, can cheat each other and gain a financial advantage by misusing the protocols. This paper proposes an efficient hash chain-based micropayment scheme, which is an offline, prepaid scheme that supports simpler divisibility of digital coins. In the execution of payment protocol, the customer's disbursement and the merchant's submittal are performed step by step, whoever cannot gain addition profits even if he breaks off the transaction. The hash chain can also be used for transactions with different merchants. Unlike other micropayment schemes, e.g., PayWord, no public-key operation is required, which improves the efficiency. The scheme also provides restricted anonymity.
HDR scene detection and capturing strategy (2011)

Existing high dynamic range(HDR) imaging acquisition techniques are limited to the skill of the end user and offline. We propose an algorithm to detect HDR scene and suggest optimal exposure sets for a given scene.
Two techniques of measurement of the delayed hypersensitivity skin test response for the assessment of bacterial host resistance (1985)

Abstract We evaluated 2 methods for measuring the delayed hypersensitivity skin test response and related the data to clinical outcome in 586 subjects. Individual intradermal injections of 5 recall antigens and a saline control ( Candida , mumps, PPD, trichophytin, and Varidase ® ) were used in one arm. A specially designed device that applied, simultaneously, 7 antigens and a glycerin control (tetanus, diphtheria, strep antigen, old TB, Candida , Trichophytin, and Proteus mirabilis ) was used at a separate site. Mean diameters of induration were recorded at 24 and 48 hours. Sepsis was defined as a bacteremia or an abscess identified at surgery or autopsy. Regression analysis of the sums of the mean diameters of induration of the first skin test response obtained by each of the 2 methods showed a positive correlation between the individual antigen technique and the multitest technique (n=1508, X=0.29Y+1.6, r 2 = 0.633, p <0.0001). Anergy to the individual antigen technique (n=155) was associated with a sepsis rate of 34% and a mortality of 38% compared with 7% sepsis and 3% death rates in reactive patients (n=281, p <0.0001). Similarly, anergy (n=281) to the 7 multitest antigens was associated with a 26% sepsis rate and 23% mortality compared to 5% sepsis and 5% mortality in the reactive subjects (n=242, p <0.0001). Despite the different antigens used in the 2 methods, both gave similar correlations between the delayed hypersensitivity skin test response (DTH) skin test score and sepsis—individual antigen technique: sepsis = 33.1 − 7.9 * ln(DTH score) r 2 = −0.89, p <0.001; multitest technique: sepsis = 27.4 − 7.0 * ln(DTH score) r 2 = −0.79, p <0.001. Patient acceptance of both tests was equal. Both techniques of assessing the DTH response demonstrated a close association with bacterial sepsis, and are useful tools for assessing host resistance in surgical patients.
Methodology for in-process determination of residual water in freeze-dried products. (1992)

The integrity of freeze-dried biological products after reconstitution, as well as their stability during storage, is often more sensitive to small variations in residual moisture level than traditional low molecular weight drugs. Susceptibility to over-drying has also been documented for biological products. This places additional demands on the quality of in-process monitoring to achieve the desired level of residual water. This discussion is a critical overview of methodology for in-process moisture determination, including product temperature measurement, comparative pressure measurement, pressure rise, and residual gas analysis. Advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed.
Immunogenic properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 capsular polysaccharide (1986)

The immunoprotective activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 cell surface preparations and purified capsular polysaccharide was tested in mice. The 50% protective dose (PD50), expressed as capsular polysaccharide content, was 2 ng for cell surface preparations and 50 ng for purified capsular polysaccharide. Both preparations lost their immunoprotective activity after alkali treatment. Immune sera were raised in rabbits immunized with cell surface preparations. The precipitating and hemagglutinating capacity of these antisera was tested against either purified capsular polysaccharide or alkali-treated capsular polysaccharide. No difference was observed between the reactivity of the antisera against each antigen. The protective activity of these sera was tested on mice in passive transfer experiments, before and after absorption with either purified capsular polysaccharide or alkali-treated capsular polysaccharide. The sera lost their protective activity after absorption with purified capsular polysaccharide and after absorption with alkali-treated capsular polysaccharide. These experiments show that the difference in immunoprotective activity of cell surface preparations, purified capsular polysaccharide, and alkali-treated capsular polysaccharide is not due to a difference in their antigenic determinants. Cell surface preparations and purified capsular polysaccharide were fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B and by ultracentrifugation on cesium chloride density gradients. Three forms of capsular polysaccharide have been characterized. (i) A form of capsular polysaccharide with a very high protective activity (PD50 = 2 ng) that copurified with protein and lipopolysaccharide and was characterized by a low coefficient of distribution (Kd = 0.20) and a low density (1.5 to 1.6 g/cm3). (ii) A form of capsular polysaccharide with an intermediate protective activity (PD50 = 50 ng), contamined by less than 3% protein and 1% lipopolysaccharide, with a Kd of 0.35, and a density of 1.7 to 1.8 g/cm3. (iii) A nonimmunoprotective capsular polysaccharide obtained after alkali treatment of either cell surface preparations or purified capsular polysaccharide. The Kd of these fractions varied from 0.20 to 0.90 and their density from 1.7 to 1.8 g/cm3.
Microwave Absorber Based on Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymer Thin Film (2009)

Silver nanoparticle-embedded poly(vinyl alcohol) films are fabricated through a simple in situ process. The nanocomposite films are a few hundred nanometers thick with silver concentrations below 10% and the nanoparticles 5-10 nm in diameter. These films are shown to exhibit appreciable microwave absorption in the 8-12 GHz range; the return and insertion losses are found to be sensitive to the nanoparticle content.
Plasma lipids and urinary excretion of catecholamines in man during experimentally induced emotional stress, and their modification by nicotinic acid (1968)

33 male volunteers were studied in the morning after fasting overnight. 11 (the control group) were allowed to sit comfortably for three consecutive 2-hr periods, no stressors or treatment being introduced. The remaining 22 were divided into two groups, each being exposed to standardized, emotional stressors during the second of the three 2-hr periods. The subjects in one of these groups were each given a total dose of 3 g of nicotinic acid during the first 3 hr of the experiment, whereas the other group received no treatment. Stress was accompanied and followed by increased levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides in arterial plasma, by an increase in catecholamine excretion, and a rise in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No such increases were seen in the control group. The stress-induced rise in free fatty acids was inhibited by nicotinic acid, and the triglyceride rise was turned into a fall. The stressor-induced increase in catecholamine excretion was not significantly affected by nicotinic acid, neither were the increases in heart rate and blood pressure. The hypothesis is discussed, from a qualitative as well as a quantitative viewpoint, that there is a direct relationship between the increased concentration of free fatty acids accompanying emotional stress in man and the eventual development of the stress hyperlipoproteinemia.
Changes in Gastrointestinal Hormones and Leptin After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (2011)

Changes from baseline were evident for all GI hormones and leptin; some differences were evident soon after surgery (ghrelin, leptin), whereas others were maintained long term (GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin, leptin). In response to a short-term stimulus, protein suppressed ghrelin and fat potently stimulated GLP-1 and PYY. Future work in this area is warranted.
Identification of a high concentration of <i>scyllo</i>‐inositol in the brain of a healthy human subject using <sup>1</sup>H‐ and <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR (1998)

The peak at 3.35 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum characteristic for scyllo-inositol may be a marker for cerebral pathology, although it has a well-known constant concentration relative to myo-inositol. Such a peak was observed with an intensity at least 300% above normal in the brain of a healthy volunteer. The scyllo-inositol signal was assigned based on the detection of a corresponding peak at 74.5 ppm in the 13C-NMR spectrum and on the demonstration of singlet characteristics of the proton signal. The presence of substantial brain concentrations of scyllo-inositol suggests that scyllo-inositol metabolism may be regulated independently from myo-inositol and that such concentrations are compatible with normal health.
Administrative responsibilities of the coach (1995)

Examines the administrative responsibilities of a coach in Greece. Uses personal experiences, review of literature and interviews to obtain data for this study. Finds that coaches in Greece usually give emphasis on the acquisition of technical knowledge. Recommendations focus on the necessity of the five functions of management (planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling) to the effectiveness of the team.
Zooplankton Grazing in a Eutrophic Lake: Implications of Diel Vertical Migration (1985)

During summer and fall, depth profiles of zooplankton community grazing were determined in situ during day and night in the Schohsee, a small eutrophic lake. Labeled algae of two different sizes were mixed with the natural suspension of phytoplankton in a grazing chamber. A small blue—green alga (Synechococcus, I μm) was labeled with 3 2 P; a larger green alga (Scenedesmus, 4—15 μm)was labeled with 1 4 C. Grazing and vertical migration of zooplankton were strongly coupled. During summer, grazing in the upper 5 m was negligible during day but strong at night. Hence, algae grow relatively unimpeded by grazing during daytime but are harvested at night. Vertical and diel differences in grazing rates disappeared when the vertical migration ceased in fall. Selectivity of grazing was controlled by the zooplankton species composition. Eudiaptomus showed a strong preference for Scenedesmus (electivity index D = 0.9). Daphnia showed a slight preference for Scenedesmus, but Ceriodaphnia preferred Synechococcus. Cyclopoid copepodites did not ingest the small blue—green. Because Daphnia and Eudiaptomus were dominant, grazing rates on larger cells were usually higher than grazing rates on the small cells. Negative electivity indices for Scenedesmus occurred only when the biomass of large crustaceans was extremely low (near the surface, during day). Zooplankton biomass was the main factor controlling both vertical and seasonal variations in grazing. Highest grazing rates (65%/d) were measured during fall when zooplankton abundance was high. Differences between day and night in the grazing activity per unit biomass were not statistically significant. Laboratory experiments showed considerable losses of tracer from preserved animals, and loss rates differed for the two radioisotopes. Because such differential losses can produce substantial errors in the results, it was necessary to process the samples on the boat immediately after collection, without preservation.
16-channel parallel optical interconnect demonstration with an InGaAs/InP MQW modulator array (1990)

A 4 × 4 planar array of MQW surface modulators driven by standard high-speed CMOS has been demonstrated in an experimental parallel-interconnect system. Transition times were fast enough for 100 Mbit/s operation and the potential exists to increase array dimensions to include hundreds of devices and transmission rates to many Gbit/s.
The regulation of ciliary beat frequency by ovarian steroids in the guinea pig Fallopian tube: interactions between oestradiol and progesterone (2011)

Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured in slice preparations of the Fallopian tube fimbria, using videomicroscopy with a high-speed (500 Hz) camera in guinea pigs that were treated with β-oestradiol benzoate (βE2B) and medroxy progesterone (mPRG). In non-ovulating guinea pigs at 4 weeks of age, the CBF of the fimbria was high (17.8 Hz). In sexually mature guinea pigs (12-16 weeks of age) with constant ovulation, the CBF varied from 12 Hz to 16 Hz. The in vivo administration of both ICI-182,780 (a blocker of βE2 receptors) and mifepristone (a blocker of PRG receptors) induced high CBF (17.4 Hz). The administration of βE2B at a low (3.2 mg/kg/day) or high (32 mg/kg/day) dose decreased the CBF to 14.5 Hz or 11 Hz, respectively. ICI-182,780 abolished the βE2B-induced changes in CBF and decreased CBF to 12 Hz. The administration of mPRG (6.4 mg/kg/day) decreased CBF to 12.5 Hz. Mifepristone abolished this mPRG-induced decrease in CBF and maintained the CBF at 15 Hz. However, administering both βE2B and mPRG increased CBF to 17.5 Hz, suggesting that βE2B inhibits mPRG actions and vice versa. To confirm the interactions between βE2B and mPRG, we administered both βE2B and mPRG to guinea pigs that were pretreated for 1.5 days with either mPRG (6.4 mg/kg/day) or βE2B (3.2 mg/kg/day). Prior treatment with βE2B or mPRG prevented the increase in CBF that was otherwise by βE2B plus mPRG, and maintained the CBF at 14.5 Hz or 13 Hz, respectively. The administration of βE2B plus mPRG still induced the expression of PRG receptors, indicating that the highest CBF is not the result of no expression of the receptors. In the beating cilia of the fimbria, the signals that are activated by the βE2 and PRG receptors are proposed to antagonize each other in regulating the frequency.
Comment on ’’Clustering of water on hydrated protons in a supersonic free jet expansion’’ (1976)

First Page
Thin film planar waveguide sensor for liquid phase absorbance measurements (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThin film planar waveguide sensor for liquid phase absorbance measurementsMichael D. DeGrandpre, Lloyd W. Burgess, Patricia L. White, and Don S. GoldmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 18, 2012–2017Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00217a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00217a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic potential of TGF-β inhibition in chronic renal failure (2007)

Chronic kidney diseases are emerging as a worldwide public health problem. The progression of kidney diseases closely correlates with the accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been identified as a key mediator of kidney matrix accumulation. Overexpression of TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors was observed in a variety of renal diseases in both animals and humans. Given its crucial role in fibrotic kidney disease, TGF-beta has been recently considered as a possible target in the management of chronic renal diseases. This review discusses the role of TGF-beta in renal fibrosis and provides an overview of the strategies that, when interfering with TGF-beta expression and signalling, could be employed as new renoprotective treatments.