gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection in Children with Compromised Immune Function (1986)

For 10 winters, 608 children five years old or younger who were hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were prospectively studied to evaluate the relation between their immune status and the severity of their infection. Forty-seven had been immunocompromised by chemotherapy, steroid therapy, or a primary immunodeficiency disorder. Among the immunocompromised children, those receiving chemotherapy for cancer and those with immunodeficiency disease had more severe RSV disease, with pneumonia occurring at all ages, and a higher mortality rate. Children receiving long-term steroid therapy did not appear to have more severe clinical manifestations than normal children. Viral shedding, however, was significantly greater and more prolonged in the children receiving steroid therapy, and particularly in those receiving chemotherapy or with an immunodeficiency disease. Giant-cell pneumonia was documented in one child with leukemia. Over half the immunocompromised children acquired the RSV infection nosocomially. These findings indicate that children receiving chemotherapy for cancer and those with immunodeficiency disease are at risk for complicated or fatal infections from RSV and should be considered for antiviral and other therapies as they become available. Efforts should also be made to protect compromised children if hospitalization cannot be avoided.
A Beginner’s Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Analysis (2013)

The following paper discusses exploratory factor analysis and gives an overview of the statistical technique and how it is used in various research designs and applications. A basic outline of how the technique works and its criteria, including its main assumptions are discussed as well as when it should be used. Mathematical theories are explored to enlighten students on how exploratory factor analysis works, an example of how to run an exploratory factor analysis on SPSS is given, and finally a section on how to write up the results is provided. This will allow readers to develop a better understanding of when to employ factor analysis and how to interpret the tables and graphs in the output.
Relationship between new and return consultations and workload in general practice. (1998)

General practitioners (GPs) in Tayside, with higher weekly surgery workloads, tended to have a greater proportion of return consultations compared with GPs with smaller workloads. By reducing the number of return consultations, GPs could have a notable effect on their workload and alleviate the, oft-quoted, stress induced by the perceived increase in demand for patient care.
Rho family GTPases control entry of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> into epithelial cells but not intracellular motility (1999)

Shigella flexneri, an invasive bacterial pathogen, promotes formation of two cytoskeletal structures: the entry focus that mediates bacterial uptake into epithelial cells and the actin-comet tail that enables the bacteria to spread intracellularly. During the entry step, secretion of bacterial invasins causes a massive burst of subcortical actin polymerization leading the formation of localised membrane projections. Fusion of these membrane ruffles leads to bacterial internalization. Inside the cytoplasm, polar expression of the IcsA protein on the bacterial surface allows polymerization of actin filaments and their organization into an actin-comet tail leading to bacterial spread. The Rho family of small GTPases plays an essential role in the organization and regulation of cellular cytoskeletal structures (i.e. filopodia, lamellipodia, adherence plaques and intercellular junctions). We show here that induction of Shigella entry foci is controlled by the Cdc42, Rac and Rho GTPases, but not by RhoG. In contrast, actin-driven intracellular motility of Shigella does not require Rho GTPases. Therefore, Shigella appears to manipulate the epithelial cell cytoskeleton both by Rho GTPase-dependent and -independent processes.
Adaptive storage-automatic data selection and storage in a harmonics power logger (1994)

This paper discusses a data compression method acceptable to the market place. It is intelligent in its application of limited storage without a loss of significant information. A typical example of how it works in practice in the power measurement industry is presented.
Modelling sarcomeric cardiomyopathies in the dish: from human heart samples to iPSC cardiomyocytes (2015)

One of the obstacles to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of human cardiomyopathies has been poor availability of heart-tissue samples at early stages of disease development. This has possibly changed by the advent of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) from which cardiomyocytes can be derived in vitro. The main promise of hiPSC technology is that by capturing the effects of thousands of individual gene variants, the phenotype of differentiated derivatives of these cells will provide more information on a particular disease than simple genotyping. This article summarizes what is known about the 'human cardiomyopathy or heart failure phenotype in vitro', which constitutes the reference for modelling sarcomeric cardiomyopathies in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. The current techniques for hiPSC generation and cardiac myocyte differentiation are briefly reviewed and the few published reports of hiPSC models of sarcomeric cardiomyopathies described. A discussion of promises and challenges of hiPSC-modelling of sarcomeric cardiomyopathies and individualized approaches is followed by a number of questions that, in the view of the authors, need to be answered before the true potential of this technology can be evaluated.
6‐Vinylfulven (1963)

Abstract 6‐Vinylfulvene II has been prepared (a) by the action of hydrochloric acid on 1‐hydroxymethyl‐ spiro ‐[2,4]‐hepta‐4,6‐diene (I), (b) by condensation of cyclopentadiene with acroleine at − 15° C using sodium ethylate as base.
Supporting Self-Organization with Logical-Clustering Towards Autonomic Management of Internet-of-Things (2015)

One of the challenges for autonomic management in Future Internet is to bring about self-organization in a rapidly changing environment and enable participating nodes to be aware and respond to changes. The massive number of participating nodes in Internet-of-Things calls for a new approach in regard of autonomic management with dynamic self-organization and enabling awareness to context information changes in the nodes themselves. To this end, we present new algorithms to enable self-organization with logical-clustering, the goal of which is to ensure that logical-clustering evolves correctly in the dynamic environment. The focus of these algorithms is to structure logical-clustering topology in an organized way with minimal intervention from outside sources. The correctness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a scalable IoT platform, MediaSense. Our algorithms sanction 10 nodes to organize themselves per second and afford high accuracy of nodes discovery. Finally, we outline future research challenges towards autonomic management of IoT.
IRM: Integrated File Replication and Consistency Maintenance in P2P Systems (2009)

In peer-to-peer file sharing systems, file replication and consistency maintenance are widely used techniques for high system performance. Despite significant interdependencies between them, these two issues are typically addressed separately. Most file replication methods rigidly specify replica nodes, leading to low replica utilization, unnecessary replicas and hence extra consistency maintenance overhead. Most consistency maintenance methods propagate update messages based on message spreading or a structure without considering file replication dynamism, leading to inefficient file update and hence high possibility of outdated file response. This paper presents an Integrated file Replication and consistency Maintenance mechanism (IRM) that integrates the two techniques in a systematic and harmonized manner. It achieves high efficiency in file replication and consistency maintenance at a significantly low cost. Instead of passively accepting replicas and updates, each node determines file replication and update polling by dynamically adapting to time-varying file query and update rates, which avoids unnecessary file replications and updates. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of IRM in comparison with other approaches. It dramatically reduces overhead and yields significant improvements on the efficiency of both file replication and consistency maintenance approaches.
Subspace-based blind and semi-blind channel estimation for OFDM systems (2002)

This paper proposes a new blind channel estimation method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The algorithm makes use of the redundancy introduced by the cyclic prefix to identify the channel based on a subspace approach. Thus, the proposed method does not require any modification of the transmitter and applies to most existing OFDM systems. Semi-blind procedures taking advantage of training data are also proposed. These can be training symbols or pilot tones, the latter being used for solving the intrinsic indetermination of blind channel estimation. Identifiability results are provided, showing that in the (theoretical) situation where channel zeros are located on subcarriers, the algorithm does not ensure uniqueness of the channel estimation, unless the full noise subspace is considered. Simulations comparing the proposed method with a decision-directed channel estimator finally illustrates the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Depth and focused image recovery from defocused images for cameras operating in macro mode (2007)

Depth From Defocus (DFD) is a depth recovery method that needs only two defocused images recorded with different camera settings. In practice, this technique is found to have good accuracy for cameras operating in normal mode. In this paper, we present new algorithms to extend the DFD method to cameras working in macro mode used for very close objects in a distance range of 5 cm to 20 cm. We adopted a new lens position setting suitable for macro mode to avoid serious blurring. We also developed a new calibration algorithm to normalize magnification of images captured with different lens positions. In some range intervals with high error sensitivity, we used an additional image to reduce the error caused by drastic change of lens settings. After finding the object depth, we used the corresponding blur parameter for computing the focused image through image restoration, which is termed as "soft-focusing". Experimental results on a high-end digital camera show that the new algorithms significantly improve the accuracy of DFD in the macro mode. In terms of focusing accuracy, the RMS error is about 15 lens steps out of 1500 steps, which is around 1%.
Preparation and characterization of the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 1:1 molecular compound. (1977)

Physico-chemical properties of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 1:1 molecular compound were investigated by DSC, X-ray diffraction patterns and I.R. spectroscopy. The phase diagram of the binary system was drawn and the possible nature of bonding between the components was briefly discussed.
Binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator to lysine, lysine analogs, and fibrin fragments (1989)

Human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) consists of five domains designated (starting from the N-terminus) finger, growth factor, kringle 1, kringle 2, and protease. The binding of t-PA to lysine-Sepharose and aminohexyl-Sepharose was found to require kringle 2. The affinity for binding the lysine derivatives 6-aminohexanoic acid and N-acetyllysine methyl ester was about equal, suggesting that t-PA does not prefer C-terminal lysine residues for binding. Intact t-PA and a variant consisting only of kringle 2 and protease domains were found to bind to fibrin fragment FCB-2, the very fragment that also binds plasminogen and acts as a stimulator of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation. In both cases, binding could completely be inhibited by 6-aminohexanoic acid, pointing to the involvement of a lysine binding site in this interaction. Furthermore, the second site in t-PA involved in interaction with fibrin, presumably the finger, appears to interact with a part of fibrin, different from FCB-2.
Transmission and accumulation of CTL escape variants drive negative associations between HIV polymorphisms and HLA (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 amino acid sequence polymorphisms associated with expression of specific human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles suggest sites of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated selection pressure and immune escape. The associations most frequently observed are between expression of an HLA class I molecule and variation from the consensus sequence. However, a substantial number of sites have been identified in which particular HLA class I allele expression is associated with preservation of the consensus sequence. The mechanism behind this is so far unexplained. The current studies, focusing on two examples of "negatively associated" or apparently preserved epitopes, suggest an explanation for this phenomenon: negative associations can arise as a result of positive selection of an escape mutation, which is stable on transmission and therefore accumulates in the population to the point at which it defines the consensus sequence. Such negative associations may only be in evidence transiently, because the statistical power to detect them diminishes as the mutations accumulate. If an escape variant reaches fixation in the population, the epitope will be lost as a potential target to the immune system. These data help to explain how HIV is evolving at a population level. Understanding the direction of HIV evolution has important implications for vaccine development.
Bootstrapping Semantic Parsers from Conversations (2011)

Conversations provide rich opportunities for interactive, continuous learning. When something goes wrong, a system can ask for clarification, rewording, or otherwise redirect the interaction to achieve its goals. In this paper, we present an approach for using conversational interactions of this type to induce semantic parsers. We demonstrate learning without any explicit annotation of the meanings of user utterances. Instead, we model meaning with latent variables, and introduce a loss function to measure how well potential meanings match the conversation. This loss drives the overall learning approach, which induces a weighted CCG grammar that could be used to automatically bootstrap the semantic analysis component in a complete dialog system. Experiments on DARPA Communicator conversational logs demonstrate effective learning, despite requiring no explicit meaning annotations. 1
Argon Concentration in Tungsten Films Deposited by dc Sputtering (1970)

The relative argon concentrations of dc-sputtered tungsten films were determined as a function of argon pressure, target-to-substrate voltage, substrate bias, and target-to-substrate distance, for both the diode and triode configurations. The results for films sputtered in the diode mode support Winters and Kay’s conclusions that the adsorption mechanism is due to entrapment of energetic neutral argon atoms. This model, however, does not. apply for all the argon content in films sputtered in the triode mode. An additional mechanism resulting in a greater entrapment of argon is proposed, namely, the entrapment of low energy argon ions originating from the supporting glow discharge. Measurements of the argon content of the tungsten films were determined using the rf spark-source mass spectrograph.
Effect of glassy carbon pretreatment on background double-layer capacitance and adsorption of neutral organic molecules (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of glassy carbon pretreatment on background double-layer capacitance and adsorption of neutral organic moleculesGlen W. Hance and Theodore. KuwanaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 131–134Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00128a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood B cells from normal individuals by activated T cells increases the efficiency of hybridoma generation (1993)

Peripheral blood B cells from normal individuals have been less than ideal as a resource for "fusible" cells for the generation of human hybridoma antibodies. In vitro stimulation of normal peripheral blood B cells by CD4+ T cells (HUT 78) that had been activated by a solid phase anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) was investigated to see if differentiation of B cells would result in an increased pool of B cells that could be immortalized. A comparison of the rate of successful fusion, an estimation of the frequency of the fusible cells from the input peripheral blood, and the amount of immunoglobulin secreted both in vitro, prior to fusion, and by the resulting clones in two different in vitro immunization protocols, with and without activated T cells indicated that inclusion of the activated T cells provided the necessary help to drive the B cells to a fusible state. Stimulation by activated T cells improves the efficiency of generating B cell hybrid clones from peripheral blood 10-fold compared to in vitro immunization with antigen alone.
Neural cell adhesion molecules, neuronal development and lead toxicity. (1994)

The major families of neural cell recognition molecules and the mechanisms by which they regulate neural development are described. The role of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) isoforms in organizing tissue structure and pattern is discussed in detail and their degree of sialylation is proposed to regulate the intimacy of cell-cell interaction, including that of synapse formation. The ability of chronic low level lead to impair normal NCAM sialylation pattern during postnatal development is discussed and this is suggested to perturb synapse selection procedures in a manner which may account for subsequent learning deficits in the adult rodent. In support of this proposal, change in hippocampal NCAM sialylation is demonstrated to occur in the synapse-specific isoform during the acquisition and consolidation of a passive avoidance response in the adult rat.
A New Approach to Multi-objective Virtual Machine Placement in Virtualized Data Center (2013)

In this paper, a virtual machine placement model to maximize resource utilization, balance multi-dimensional resources use and minimize communication traffic simultaneously within the data center is proposed. The multi-objective problem is simplified by employing average valued inequality and positional constraints. The improved genetic algorithm with local heuristic method and elitism strategy is developed to solve the problem. The simulation results show that performance gains in all aspects can be achieved by the proposed model and algorithm compared to the existing algorithms.
Nitric Oxide and the Paranasal Sinuses (2008)

The discovery within the paranasal sinuses for the production of nitric oxide (NO) has altered the traditional explanations of sinus physiology. This review article reports the ongoing investigation of sinus physiology beginning with the discovery of NO gas production in the paranasal sinuses that occurred in 1995, and the impact that finding has had both in the basic science and clinical arenas. It was shown that healthy paranasal sinus epithelium expresses an inducible NO synthase that continuously generates large amounts of NO, a pluripotent gaseous messenger with potent vasodilating, and antimicrobial activity. This NO can be measured noninvasively in nasally exhaled breath. The role of NO in the sinuses is likely to enhance local host defense mechanisms via direct inhibition of pathogen growth and stimulation of mucociliary activity. The NO concentration in a healthy sinus exceeds those that are needed for antibacterial effects in vitro. In patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and in cystic fibrosis, nasal NO is extremely low. This defect NO generation likely contributes to the great susceptibility to chronic sinusitis in these patients. In addition, the low-nasal NO is of diagnostic value especially in PCD, where nasal NO is very low or absent. Intriguingly, NO gas from the nose and sinuses is inhaled with every breath and reaches the lungs in a more diluted form to enhance pulmonary oxygen uptake via local vasodilation. In this sense NO may be regarded as an "aerocrine" hormone that is produced in the nose and sinuses and transported to a distal site of action with every inhalation.
Composite events for network event correlation (2003)

With the increasing complexity of enterprise networks and the Internet, event correlation is playing an increasingly important role in network as well as integrated system management systems. Even though the timing of events often reveals important diagnostic information about event relationships and should therefore be represented in event correlation rules or models, most extant approaches lack a formal mechanism to define complex temporal relationships among correlated events. In this paper, we discuss the formal use of composite events for event correlation and present a composite event specification approach that can precisely express complex timing constraints among correlated event instances, for which efficient compilation and detection algorithms have been developed in Mok et al., (1997). A Java implementation of this approach, called Java Event Correlator (JECTOR), is described, and some preliminary experimental results of using JECTOR in an experimental network management environment are also discussed in the paper.
Enzymatic Syntheses and Applications of Fluorescent Cyclic Dinucleotides (2020)

Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) play important roles in regulating biofilm formation, motility and virulence. In eukaryotic cells, theses bacterial CDNs are recognized as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger an innate immune response. We report the photophysical analyses of a novel group of enzymatically synthesized emissive CDN analogues comprised of two families of isomorphic ribonucleotides. The highly favorable photophysical features of the CDN analogues, when compared to their non-emissive natural counterparts, are used to monitor in real time the dinucleotide cyclase-mediated synthesis and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-mediated hydrolysis of homodimeric and mixed CDNs, providing effective means to probe the activities of two classes of bacterial enzymes and insight into their biomolecular recognition and catalytic features.