gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Beads for the Long-Term Release of Small Molecules (2014)

We report a simple method for preparing solid polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) beads, which provide effective barriers to diffusion and can be used for the multiple-day release of small molecules. Single-phase poly(allylamine) (PAH) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) mixtures were prepared at pH 11.6 (significantly above the effective pKa of PAH), where the PAH amine groups were deprotonated and therefore neutral. These mixtures were added dropwise into acid baths, whereupon the rapid acid diffusion into the polyelectrolyte droplets led to instant ionization of PAH amine groups and, thus, the formation of PEC beads (i.e., via phase inversion). In stark contrast to the PEC particles prepared through phase inversion in previous studies, which had (solvent-filled) capsule-like morphologies, these beads had solid internal structures. The solute permeabilities of these PEC matrices could be extensively tuned by air drying the beads, which led to the apparently-irreversible closure of pores. Thus, by tuning the drying conditions and polymer compositions used during bead preparation, a model small molecule (Fast Green FCF dye) was released over times ranging between 2 and 18 days.
Diagnosing network disruptions with network-wide analysis (2007)

To maintain high availability in the face of changing network conditions, network operators must quickly detect, identify, and react to events that cause network disruptions. One way to accomplish this goal is to monitor routing dynamics, by analyzing routing update streams collected from routers. Existing monitoring approaches typically treat streams of routing updates from different routers as independent signals, and report only the "loud" events (i.e., events that involve large volume of routing messages). In this paper, we examine BGP routing data from all routers in the Abilene backbone for six months and correlate them with a catalog of all known disruptions to its nodes and links. We find that many important events are not loud enough to be detected from a single stream. Instead, they become detectable only when multiple BGP update streams are simultaneously examined. This is because routing updates exhibit network-wide dependencies.
Simultaneous Hand Pose and Skeleton Bone-Lengths Estimation from a Single Depth Image (2017)

Articulated hand pose estimation is a challenging task for human-computer interaction. The state-of-the-art hand pose estimation algorithms work only with one or a few subjects for which they have been calibrated or trained. Particularly, the hybrid methods based on learning followed by model fitting or model based deep learning do not explicitly consider varying hand shapes and sizes. In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid algorithm for estimating the 3D hand pose as well as bone-lengths of the hand skeleton at the same time, from a single depth image. The proposed CNN architecture learns hand pose parameters and scale parameters associated with the bone-lengths simultaneously. Subsequently, a new hybrid forward kinematics layer employs both parameters to estimate 3D joint positions of the hand. For end-to-end training, we combine three public datasets NYU, ICVL and MSRA-2015 in one unified format to achieve large variation in hand shapes and sizes. Among hybrid methods, our method shows improved accuracy over the state-of-the-art on the combined dataset and the ICVL dataset that contain multiple subjects. Also, our algorithm is demonstrated to work well with unseen images.
Exploration of Pressure Field Around the Human Head During Speech (1939)

A single speaker in a seated position repeated a fifteen-second sample of connected speech, while r.m.s. pressure measurements were made in thirteen frequency bands, and at seventy-six positions, in different directions and distances. The results are applicable to intelligibility and microphone placement problems. They show, in general, the greater variation with direction at higher frequencies. Directivity due to the size of the mouth opening appeared to enter above 5600 cycles per second, the axis at these frequencies being about 45° below the horizontal, in front. Frequencies below 1000 cycles per second were found strongest directly downward from the lips, or nearly so. The power radiated in different directions has been calculated, and a summation gives a spectrum of the total speech power emitted by the mouth. It is proposed that similar spectra for other speakers may be obtained from pressure measurements at a single point, using the relations discovered for this speaker. The necessity for protecting a microphone used close to the mouth, from the puffs of air accompanying the speech, is demonstrated and explained.
Importance of trigger sensitivity to ventilator response delay in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure (1989)

We examined mechanisms of ventilator asynchrony and noncapture in a typical ventilator-dependent patient who failed numerous attempts at weaning. As trigger sensitivity was decreased within its usual range, a marked and progressive ventilator response delay occurred which was associated with erratic changes in functional residual capacity as well as dyspnea and tachypnea. This phenomenon varies among ventilators and underscores the importance of understanding technical differences between them. Appropriate ventilator selection is as important as mode selection when attempting to wean patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Treatment of acutepancreatitis in mice by PS-341 (2010)

：Objective To observe thetherapeutic effects of PS-341 in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)inmice.Methods SAP was induced by cerulin and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in mice.Thirty minbefore the administration of LPS,mice were treated with either PS-341 or vehicle.Serumamylase,C-reactive protein(CRP),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were assessed,and tissuemyeloperoxidase activity was measured.The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule1,P-selectin,E-selectin in pancreas was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR).The pancreatic tissue samples were examined pathologically.ResultsTreatment with PS-341 significantly protected mice by attenuating myeloperoxidaseactivity,pancreatic morphological changes in histological sections,and down-regulating themRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1,P-selectin,and E-selectin in pancreasas compared with vehicle-treated groups.Conclusion PS-341 may be a promising drug toprevent disease progression in SAP.
Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue (1993)

For upper-level undergraduate engineering courses in Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 4/e introduces the spectrum of mechanical behavior of materials, emphasizing practical engineering methods for testing structural materials to obtain their properties, and predicting their strength and life when used for machines, vehicles, and structures. With its logical treatment and ready-to-use format, it is ideal for upper-level undergraduate students who have completed elementary mechanics of materials courses.
Purification, characterization, and pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis pili. (1988)

Pilins composed of the alpha or beta pilins of Moraxella bovis strain Epp63 were purified, subjected to chemical or enzymatic cleavage, and the resulting fragments sequenced by automated Edman degradation. alpha Pilin was found to be a 155-amino-acid polypeptide with a single intramolecular disulfide bridge. The beta pilin amino acid sequence substantiated the previously reported structure derived from the beta pilin gene DNA sequence, and indicated that the alpha and beta pilins of this strain are approximately 70% homologous. DNA hybridization studies of genomic DNA from the alpha- and beta-piliated variants of strain Epp63 indicated that the expression of the two pilin types was governed by an oscillating mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement. The alpha and beta pili were evaluated serologically and found to exhibit approximately 50% shared antigenicity, indicating that regions of conserved and heterologous sequence specify both type-specific and crossreacting epitopes. The pathogenicity of the alpha- and beta-piliated variants was studied by ocular inoculation of calves eyes; beta-piliated organisms were significantly more infectious than alpha-piliated organisms, indicating that beta pili confer, or are associated with, a relative advantage during the first stages of ocular infection. Preliminary analysis of other M. bovis strains suggests that each strain produces two types of pilin, and that this property may be characteristic of the species.
Studies Directed to the Total Synthesis of ET 743 and Analogues Thereof:  An Expeditious Route to the ABFGH Subunit (2001)

[reaction: see text] In model studies directed to the total synthesis of Et743, a strategic S-C bond formation in systems 26 and 27 was demonstrated. It was further shown that Pictet-Spengler cyclization leading to spiro product 33 exhibits very high stereoselection.
Polar Coding for the Binary Erasure Channel With Deletions (2017)

We study the application of polar codes in deletion channels by analyzing the cascade of a binary erasure channel (BEC) and a deletion channel. We show how polar codes can be used effectively on a BEC with a single deletion, and propose a list decoding algorithm with a cyclic redundancy check for this case. The decoding complexity is O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log N), where N is the blocklength of the code. An important contribution is an optimization of the amount of redundancy added to minimize the overall error probability. Our theoretical results are corroborated by numerical simulations, which show that the list size can be reduced to one and the original message can be recovered with high probability as the length of the code grows.
A novel optical signal detecting and processing method for swarm robot vision system (2004)

Communication capability plays an important role in the robot swarm systems (RSS), especially when they are used as soldiers during a war. Free space optical (FSO) communication is one of the best ways to exchange information between the leader and the followers in the RSS under a bad electromagnetic condition. It can be integrated as a part of the robot vision system (RVS). Pulse position modulation (PPM) is one of the most often used modulation techniques for FSO communication. As avalanche photodiode (APD) detector has high gain, high sensitivity and high response speed, it is a likely candidate to detect laser signals to meet the demands of RVS. This paper discusses the characteristics of noises in the optical signal detecting and processing subsystem as the PPM signal is considered in the RVS. Based on the ability of achieving topical characteristics of signals of wavelet transform, this paper brings forward a novel method of processing the APD detecting signals based on wavelet analysis. The soft threshold /spl sigma//spl middot//spl radic/(2 log (n)/a) is used to process the empirical wavelet coefficients. A primary simulation experiment and some analysis results are given.
Signal Transduction in the Carnivorous Plant Sarracenia purpurea (Regulation of Secretory Hydrolase Expression during Development and in Response to Resources) (1997)

Carnivory in plants has developed as an evolutionary adaptation to nutrient-poor environments. A significant investment of the resources of a carnivorous plant is committed to producing the traps, attractants, and digestive enzymes needed for the carnivory. The cost:benefit ratio of carnivory can be improved by either maximizing the prey capture rate or by reducing the metabolic commitment toward carnivory. Using the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea, we have investigated whether the expression of the hydrolytic enzymes needed for digestion is regulated in response to the presence of prey. Expression of protease, RNase, nuclease, and phosphatase activities could be induced in the fluid of nonactive traps by the addition of nucleic acids, protein, or reduced nitrogen, suggesting that hydrolase expression is induced upon perception of the appropriate chemical signal. Hydrolase expression was also developmentally controlled since expression commenced upon opening of a trap, increased for several days, and in the absence of prey largely ceased within 2 weeks. Nevertheless, the traps remained competent to induce expression in response to the appropriate signals. These data suggest that in young traps hydrolase expression is developmentally regulated, which is later replaced by a signal transduction mechanism, and they demonstrate the ability of a carnivorous species to respond to the availability of resources.
Reduced complexity receiver based on MIMO systems (2006)

The VBLAST architecture has been proposed as an extremely spectral efficient tool for wireless communications. However, owing to the error propagation, the performance of VBLAST is constrained by the accuracy of the symbols recovered in the previous layer when the traditional detection successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm is applied. The performance of VBLAST depends on the performance of the first detected layer. So we proposed a new reduced complexity scheme that the first layer is detected with iterative method and others layers is detected using linear MMSE detection. The proposed algorithm reduces the error propagation, and the performance of the first detected layer is improved. Simulation result shows that the first detected layer may achieve about 1.5 dB gain at 10-3 error bit rate compared to MMSE-VBLAST. (4 pages)
Formalising living labs to achieve organisational objectives in emerging economies (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to indicate how Living Labs (LL) are organized and applied as part of the research mandate of the SAP Research Pretoria in South Africa. This will be done by exploring existing definitions of LLs. This is followed by the identification of four dimensions of living labs which is then used to evaluate three existing LLs to indicate the relevance for choosing a LL as methodology for doing the projects as well as the dimensions of LL within each LL at this research centre. This focus attention on the selection of stakeholders and the role they play in realising a LL concept within a project. It further discusses how the organisation's objectives are addressed via the LL approach, which has never been done before in SAP Research Pretoria. Last-mentioned includes aspects like the innovation process, and user involvement which focus on these as important criteria for a successful LL.
IDO Expression in Brain Tumors Increases the Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells and Negatively Impacts Survival (2012)

These clinical and preclinical data confirm that IDO expression increases the recruitment of immunosuppressive Tregs that lead to tumor outgrowth. In contrast, IDO deficiency decreases Treg recruitment and enhances T-cell-mediated tumor rejection. Thus, the data suggest a critical role for IDO-mediated immunosuppression in glioma and support the continued investigation of IDO-Treg interactions in the context of brain tumors.
Equipment assignment to multiple overhaul blocks in series systems (2002)

This paper covers the development of a heuristic method for grouping equipment into blocks for application of preventive maintenance overhauls within a series system, so as to minimize total maintenance‐related costs for the system. Previously, group technology (GT) concepts have not been applied to this problem, and this research investigated the applicability of such concepts to the block overhaul problem (specifically, the SLCA method was applied). Performance of the heuristic is analyzed with respect to runtime and solution quality.
Efficacy of the 5-HT1A Agonist Tandospirone Citrate in Improving Symptoms of Patients With Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2009)

Despite a considerable placebo effect, the benefits of tandospirone were shown in terms of improvement in abdominal symptom scores.
Unsteady aerodynamic simulation of static and moving bodies using scalable computers (1999)

Methods to accurately .solve the Navier-Stokes equations for geometrically complex problems that may involve relative motion between configuration components are discussed. General curvilinear structured grids are used to discretize the volume of space in the near vicinity to configuration surfaces. Off-body domain volumes are discretized with uniform Cartesian structured grids of varying levels of refinement. Off-body grid refinement is automatically adapted in response to body movement and estimates of solution error. Near-body and off-body grid components are organized into groups of equal size. Method scalability is discussed. A set of three-dimensional applications are given to demonstrate method attributes on scalable computers and advantages for solving this class of problems.
Effect of Capsaicin on the Body fat and Adipocyte in the Diet induced-obese Mice (2003)

As the obesity has been known to be related with the hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cerebral apoplexy, fatty liver, and other chronic diseases, recent researches have focused on the functional food materials and their anti-obesity activities. This study was performed to study the effects of vanilloid family capsaicin, major pungent ingredient of hot chillies and peppers, on anti-obesity activities. ICR male mice were fed one of the pellet diet, basal diet, and high fat diet with capsaicin (45 ㎍/day) solution for 5 days. Mice in the corresponding control groups were given water for 5 days. In results, capsaicin reduced body weights in any diet groups. Percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue in mice on the high fat diet with capcaicin were significantly lower compared with those in mice on the high fat diet with water. However, percent brown adipose tissue weight per body weight in mice on the high fat diet was not affected by capsaicin. Capsacin reduced the levels of s-triglyceride and s-total cholesterol in the pellet diet or high fat diet groups. There was no difference in the s-protein levels between the capsaicin group and the control water group. These data indicate that 1) orally administered casaicin has a reducing effect on the blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and 2) capsaicin has lowering effects on the body weight, percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue.
Phagocytosis of gelatin-latex particles by a murine macrophage line is dependent on fibronectin and heparin. (1981)

It has been suggested that fibronectin plays a role in clearing particles from the circulation by promoting binding to phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system. By use of a well-defined system to investigate the possible opsonic role of fibronectin, we have studied the uptake of gelatin-coated latex particles by a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1). Fibronectin promotes binding of gelatin-coated beads to these cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures. In both cases there is a requirement for heparin as a cofactor. Other glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates A and C, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) were inactive, whereas heparan sulfate was somewhat active. Proof that beads were actually endocytosed was obtained by electron microscopy, which showed beads internalized in membrane-bounded vesicles, and by immunofluorescence analyses, using antibodies to fibronectin to stain external beads. Two rapid assays for the opsonic activity of fibronectin were developed based on differential centrifugation of cell-associated beads and on the immunofluorescence procedure. Binding and endocytosis were time- and temperature-dependent and varied with the amount of gelatin on the beads and with the concentrations of fibronectin and heparin added, and could be inhibited by F(ab')2 antifibronectin. These studies provide a sound basis for a detailed analysis of the interaction of fibronectin with the cell surface and of its involvement in endocytosis.
Engagement of MHC-class II molecules by staphylococcal exotoxins delivers a comitogenic signal to human B cells (1991)

The staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) has been demonstrated to bind to monomorphic determinants on MHC-class II molecules. In this study, we have used TSST-1 to probe the role of MHC-class II molecules in the activation and differentiation of resting human B cells. Highly purified B cells were stimulated with TSST-1, alone or in combination with PMA or with anti-human IgM antibodies (anti-mu) and the resulting B cell proliferation and Ig production were monitored. On its own, TSST-1 failed to induce B cell proliferation or Ig production. However, TSST-1 synergized with PMA and with anti-mu in inducing B cell proliferation in the absence of any added T cells or T cell factors. TSST-1 did not induce or potentiate early activation events associated with anti-mu treatment such as phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ mobilization. Also, TSST-1 did not potentiate the capacity of anti-mu to induce the transcription of early activation genes such as c-myc. Finally, in contrast to its capacity to promote mitogen-trigered B cell proliferation, TSST-1 failed to induce the differentiation of B lymphocytes into Ig-secreting cells in the absence of added T cells. These results indicate that TSST-1 delivers a comitogenic signal to B cells via MHC-class II molecules that is distinct from signals delivered via surface mu and further strengthens the role of MHC-class II molecules as signal transducing structures.
Automatic pick-and-place of 40 microns objects using a robotic platform. (2009)

International audience
Digital Logic Design Principles (2000)

From the Publisher:
This book is an introduction on the principles of digital logic circuits. While providing coverage to the usual topics in combinational and sequential circuit principles, it also includes a chapter on the use of the hardware description language ABEL in the design of circuits using PLDs and a chapter on computer organization.
Microelectromechanical tunable filter with stablehalf symmetric cavity (1998)

A novel microelectromechanical tunable filter with a half symmetric cavity structure is described. The device exhibits a 3 dB linewidth of 0.27 nm, more than 70 nm tuning range under a voltage swing of 14 V and less than 0.9 dB insertion loss. The parameters of the optical cavity were tailored to efficiently couple 1550 nm light in and out of the devices using a singlemode fibre without any lenses. The structure exhibits a frequency response of 150 kHz at the 3 dB cutoff point.
Modeling of RF security system using smart antennas (2015)

This work establishes a state-of-the-art protective measure on how the smart antennas can be used effectively to curtail the activities of hackers/intruders on radio frequency signals. Hackers can scan confidential information/data belonging to organization, law enforcement and even interception of radio frequencies signals to the public usage. In this analysis, three antenna elements array have been used. (i) The first antenna elements was used for the transmission/reception (transceiver) of radio frequency signal. This transceiver also acts for remotely transmitting information signal virtual to mobile station. (ii) The two antenna elements at the mobile station is being used as descrambler against any illegitimate activities. Some of the imperative securities challenges covered in this work are secrecy, authentication, privacy, and attacks. In the choice of frequency bandwidth for the transmission of signal, IEEE standard 802.11 designed for wireless local area network system had been maintained.