gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TMR and squeeze at gigabit areal densities (1992)

The track misregistration (TMR) required to achieve gigabit areal densities is calculated for a set of components based on the average bit error rate for a file. The average error rate is a statistical average, based on the TMR of the file, of the on-track and off-track error rate. The on-track and off-track error rates are dependent on squeeze from adjacent tracks. In this analysis, the average error rate is calculated using measured error rate profiles of the center track. For a file average soft error rate of 1*10/sup -6/, the results show, for a particular head/disk combination designed for gigabit recording and operating at a linear density of 158 kbpi, that a track pitch of 4.0 mu m (3.35 ktpi) can be achieved with a TMR of 0.635 mu m. Obtaining this TMR value in a file is one of the challenges to recording of 1 Gb/in/sup 2/ in magnetic storage products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance evaluation of professional service supply chain based upon DEA & AHP models (2008)

With the increasing demand of professional service, producer services have become increasingly important in the China economy. The research of supply chain especially formed in the process of professional services outsourcing is gaining more and more attention. However, there has been little research to date on service supply chain. It is necessary to understand whether the lessons learned in the product supply chain can be directly extrapolated to service supply chain. In this paper, firstly with the literature review of service supply chain, we conclude three views of service supply chain, and we give the definition of service supply chain based upon the perspective of professional services outsourcing. Then we proposed a professional service supply chain model, analyzed the traits of the service supply chain, and established a comprehensive performance evaluation system for the service supply chain based upon DEA and AHP models. At last the approaches are demonstrated with a simulation case.
Characterization of the Relationship between Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin and Hemagglutination in<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (1999)

To determine whether a relationship exists between biofilm formation and hemagglutination in Staphylococcus epidermidis, 20 skin isolates and 19 prosthetic valve endocarditis isolates were characterized for biofilm formation, hemagglutination, and the presence of a 357-bp polymerase chain reaction product within icaA. A strong association existed between biofilm formation, which has been linked to strains that produce polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), and hemagglutination. Strains that produced biofilm were significantly (P<.001) more likely to mediate hemagglutination (16 biofilm-positive/hemagglutination-positive strains and 19 biofilm-negative/hemagglutination-negative strains) within the 39 clinical strains tested. In addition, Staphylococcus carnosus TM300, a biofilm-negative, hemagglutination-negative strain, carrying the ica operon-containing plasmid pCN27, produced significant biofilm on glass and mediated hemagglutination (>/=1/128). It was concluded that production of PIA and hemagglutination are strongly associated and that PIA, at least in part, mediates hemagglutination in S. epidermidis.
Capacity of multi-antenna block-fading channels (1999)

We determine the performance limits of a multiple transmit and receive antenna system over a fading channel. We assume a frequency-flat block-fading additive white Gaussian noise channel with delay constraint, transmit-power constraint, and perfect channel-state information available at both transmitter and receiver. The delay constraint is met by assuming that a code word spans a finite number of channel realizations. The relevant performance limits are the information outage probability and the "delay-limited" (or "non-ergodic") capacity. We show that the optimum coding scheme is obtained as the concatenation of an optimal code for the unfaded AWGN channel with an optimal beamformer. Numerical results show that very high rates are achievable without the need of deep interleaving.
SODIUM PICOSULPHATE COMPARED WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION FOR LARGE BOWEL LAVAGE: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED TRIAL (1996)

Mechanical efficiency, patient acceptability and minimal biochemical perturbation are important factors in the choice of lavage solution for bowel preparation. This prospective randomised trial of 59 patients compared a polyethylene glycol bowel lavage solution (Klean Prep) to a sodium picosulphate solution (Picolax) considering their efficacy from both colonoscopists' and radiologists' points of view, patient acceptibility, and plasma biochemical changes. The sodium picosulphate solution was more acceptable to patients than the polyethylene glycol, and resulted in significantly less nausea and vomiting (p = 0.0025), and far fewer consumption difficulties (p < 0.0001). Mean plasma biochemical changes were significantly different for magnesium (p < 0.001), chloride (p < 0.01) and potassium (p < 0.02). Because neither lavage solution displayed a marked advantage for the colonoscopist or radiologist, and sodium picosulphate was more acceptable to patients, sodium picosulphate is the preferred solution for bowel preparation. The changes in plasma biochemistry values are unlikely to cause clinical problems.
Acousto-optic control and modulation of optical coherence by electronically synthesized holographic gratings (1990)

We introduce a new technique to modify the coherence properties and the far-field intensity distributions of optical fields. Use is made of a combination of Bragg diffraction and Raman–Nath diffraction in an acousto-optic deflector. The high-frequency Bragg grating in the deflector is phase modulated by a synthetic low-frequency Raman–Nath regime grating that has a structure of an optimized phase-only computer-generated hologram. We demonstrate, e.g., electronic control of the state of spatial coherence of light, Gaussian to flat-top conversion, and the generation of arrays of equally intense but mutually incoherent light spots.
Specific gravity and other properties of wood and bark for 156 tree species found in North America (2009)

This paper reports information for the estimation of biomass for 156 tree species found in North America for use in national forest inventory applications. We present specific gravities based on average green volume as well as 12 percent moisture content volume for calculation of oven-dry biomass. Additional information is included on bark thickness, bark voids, and bark percentages by species and green and dry weight of wood and bark. Note: Values in Table 5 were corrected on Feb. 10, 2010. See page 35 of this publication.
Complex Correlation Measure: a novel descriptor for Poincaré plot (2009)

Hence, CCM can be used as an additional Poincaré plot descriptor to detect pathology.
<title>Holographic recording properties in thick films of ULSH-500 photopolymer</title> (1998)

The photopolymer holographic recording materials, ULSH-500, based upon cationic ring-opening polymerization, has been further optimized for recording in an increased film thickness of 200 micrometers . The dynamic range attained, at least M/# equals 16, is substantially greater than previously reported, while concurrently the inherent low transverse shrinkage and high sensitivity characteristics of the material have been retained. Dynamic range or cumulative grating strength, (Sigma) (eta) <SUB>i</SUB><SUP>0.5</SUP>, has been determined from co-locationally recorded peristrophic and angle multiplexed plane-wave gratings which exhibit low diffraction efficiencies between about 0.1 and 0.2%. Good Bragg selectivity consistent with the imaged thickness and sinc<SUP>2</SUP> function behavior is observed for the multiplexed holograms, and both the angular response and the diffraction efficiency are stable without the need for post-imaging fixing procedures. Sensitivity is in the range of 1 to 10 cm/mJ, and the refractive index modulation achievable during consumption of the accessible dynamic range is n<SUB>1</SUB> equals 1.3 X 10<SUP>-2</SUP> at the read wavelength of 514.5 nm.
Corrosion of Magnesia-chrome Brick by Smelting Reduction Slag with Iron Bath (2013)

Effects of FeO content(0,5%,10%,and 15% in mass,respectively) in lab-synthesized smelting reduction slag with iron bath and test temperature( 1 450,1 500,1 550,and 1 600 ℃) on corrosion amount and microstructure of fused rebonded magnesia- chrome brick with 26. 02 mass% of Cr2O3 were researched by rotary cylinder method. The results show that:(1) the corrosion amount of magnesia- chrome brick by slag without FeO is higher than that by the slag with 5% FeO,and the corrosion amount increases when FeO content increases from 5% to 15%;(2) the test temperature is one of the important factors affecting the slag corrosion resistance of magnesia- chrome brick,and the corrosion of smelting reduction slag to brick increases with the temperature rising.
A New Algorithm to Reduce Inappropriate Therapy in the S‐ICD System (2015)

A new algorithm that uses correlation of the existing complex to previous complexes reduced TWOS episodes by approximately 40%. The algorithm has potential for a clinically meaningful decrease in inappropriate shocks.
Counting of Single Protein Molecules at Interfaces and Application of This Technique in Early-Stage Diagnosis (1998)

The fluorescence-based detection and counting of single protein molecules after specific binding to antibodies at interfaces is presented. A diode laser was used as the excitation source. The unspecific binding at the interface has been reduced to a level of only 0.1% of the maximum signal level. At present, the detection limit of this molecule-counting process is in the range of 10(-17) mol/L, and the dynamic range of the signal corresponds to 7 orders of magnitude of antigen concentration, but these values are not limiting. As a preliminary application in early-stage diagnosis, we have investigated the detection of a single cardiac actin molecule in human plasma, which is of interest in myocardial infarction diagnosis.
Counteracting Effects of Renal Solutes on Amyloid Fibril Formation by Immunoglobulin Light Chains (2001)

In primary (light chain-associated) amyloidosis, immunoglobulin light chains deposit as amyloid fibrils in vital organs, especially the kidney. Because the kidney contains high concentrations of urea that can destabilize light chains as well as solutes such as betaine and sorbitol that serve as protein stabilizers, we investigated the effects of these solutes on in vitro amyloid fibril formation and thermodynamic stability of light chains. Two recombinant light chain proteins, one amyloidogenic and the other nonamyloidogenic, were used as models. For both light chains, urea enhanced fibril formation by reducing the nucleation lag time and diminished protein thermodynamic stability. Conversely, betaine or sorbitol increased thermodynamic stability of the proteins and partially inhibited fibril formation. These solutes also counteracted urea-induced reduction in protein thermodynamic stability and accelerated fibril formation. Betaine was more effective than sorbitol. A model is presented to explain how the thermodynamic effects of the solutes on protein state equilibria can alter nucleation lag time and, hence, fibril formation kinetics. Our results provide evidence that renal solutes control thermodynamic and kinetic stability of light chains and thus may modulate amyloid fibril formation in the kidney.
Population based epidemiology and prognosis of mesothelioma in Leeds, UK (2008)

<h3>Introduction:</h3> Malignant mesothelioma is a fatal neoplasm, which is rapidly increasing in incidence throughout Western Europe. To date there have been no studies reporting on the natural history and interventional practices on a comprehensive unselected population, as opposed to reports from referral institutions or compensation claimants. We present a population based study capturing data on all patients with mesothelioma presenting within a defined geographical area over a 4 year period in the UK. <h3>Method:</h3> Data of all cases occurring in Leeds with a population of 750 000 were collected retrospectively from 2002 to 2003 and prospectively from 2004 to 2005. All patients’ hospital records and the Trust histology database were reviewed, as well as coroner’s reports on all patients with a post mortem diagnosis of mesothelioma. <h3>Results:</h3> Over the 4 year study period, there were a total of 146 cases in Leeds; 77% were male. Median age was 74 years (range 36–93). Median survival from diagnosis was 8.9 months. 92% and 8% had histological or cytological confirmation, respectively. 85% had documented evidence of definite or probable exposure to asbestos. 110/146 (75%) had symptomatic pleural effusions at presentation. Twice the number of patients (42 vs 17) were managed with surgical rather than bedside pleurodesis and these had a lower recurrence rate (14% vs 47%; p = 0.02). 122 patients had video assisted thoracoscopic surgery/cutting CT biopsies or chest drains. 73/122 (60%) had prophylactic radiotherapy to these sites. There were seven cases (5%) of tract invasion by tumour and six of these had received prophylactic radiotherapy. Median time to seeding was 174 days. 92/146 (63%) had a performance status of 2 or better at diagnosis but only 54/146 were considered fit for chemotherapy. Of these, 28 (52%) declined chemotherapy; the overall uptake of chemotherapy or entry into a trial was 18%. No patient had radical surgery. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> This comprehensive population based audit has shown that the median age at presentation of malignant mesothelioma is increasing and baseline performance status and survival is worse than in selected series. 37% of patients were considered suitable for palliative chemotherapy but less than 20% accepted this offer. Thorascopic pleurodesis appears to be associated with fewer recurrences. The role of prophylactic radiotherapy to chest drain and biopsy sites needs reappraisal.
Effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rotavirus SA11 (1984)

Rotavirus SA11, suspended in tryptose phosphate broth with 2.5 mg of rhodamine B per ml, was aerosolized (Collison nebulizer) into a rotating drum, and the aerosols were held at 20 +/- 1 degree C with the desired relative humidity (RH). An all-glass impinger with tryptose phosphate broth was used to collect 1-min (5.6-liter) samples of air from the drum. The virus was found to survive best at medium (50 +/- 5%) RH, where its half-life was nearly 40 h. The half-life of the virus at the low (25 +/- 5%) RH level was about 9 h. Even at 72 h of aerosol age, 45 and 21% of the infectious virus remained detectable in the air at the medium and low RH levels, respectively. The high (80 +/- 5%) RH level was found to be the least favorable to the survival of the virus, since 50% of the infectious virus became undetectable within 2 h of aerosolization. In a separate experiment at the midrange RH, 3% of the infectious virus was detectable in the drum air after 223 h (9 days) of aerosol age. Rotaviruses could, therefore, survive in air for prolonged periods, thus making air a possible vehicle for their dissemination.
Liquisolid tablets: a novel approach for drug delivery (2010)

Liquisolid system is a novel concept of drug delivery via oral route. This technique is applied to water insoluble drugs and lipophilic drugs to sustain their release. Formulation and manufacture of the liquisolid tablets is quite simple method according to new mathematical model described by Spireas et al. It involves dissolving the drug in suitable non-volatile solvent and then adding this liquid medication to the mixture of carrier and coating materials. Mixing of this will lead to liquisolid system which is subjected to tabletting by direct compression. Increase in dissolution rate and in turn improvement in bioavailability is observed in case of poorly water soluble drugs. However, sustained effect is achieved in case of water soluble drugs. By use of this technique, liquid medications such as solutions or suspensions of water insoluble drugs in suitable non-volatile liquid vehicles can be easily converted into powder with acceptable flow properties and compression behavior using suitable powder excipients. Keywords: Dissolution enhancement, Drugs formulation, Drug release, Liquisolid tablets.
Darstellung und IR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Siloxysilanolen (1982)

Abstract Die Darstellung von Siloxanolen der Typen (RMe 2 SiO) 3 SiOH, (Me 3−n Ph n SiO)(Me 3 SiO) 2 SiOH, (PhMe 2 SiO) n (Me 3 SiO) 3−n SiOH und Me 3−n (R′Me 2 SiO) n SiOH (n = 1−3) wird beschrieben. Die Bandenlage der OH‐Valenzschwingung in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff sowie deren Verschiebung Δ ν bei Assoziation mit Tetrahydrofuran und Diethylether wurden gemessen. Die Lage der OH‐Bande und die Δ ν ‐Werte werden durch n und die Substituenten beeinflußt. Die Δ ν ‐Werte korrelieren mit den σ*‐Konstanten der Substituenten R. In den Siloxanolen (XCH 2 Me 2 SiO) 3 SiOH (X = Cl, Br, Ph) und Me 3−n (PhMe 2 SiOSiMe 2 O) n SiOH (n = 1−3) erfolgt intramolekulare Wechselwirkung zwischen der Hydroxygruppe und den π‐Elektronen der Phenylsubstituenten bzw. den freien Elektronenpaaren der Halogenatome.
Poverty, Agricultural Intensification, and the Environment (The Distinguishedl Lecture) (1994)

As the world's population increases by almost 100 million people each year during the next two to three decades-the largest annual population increase in history- agricultural intensification, i.e. production of more food on land already being cultivated, is a must. There is little scope for increasing cultivated land in Asia, North Africa, and Central America, while in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, physical and technological constraints are likely to restrain large-scale conversion of potentially cultivable land [Dram and Hojjati (1994)]. Agricultural intensification is already the main source of increased food production. I Intensive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation technology, in combination with higher-yielding crop varieties, has led to enough food being produced in the world such that if it were evenly distributed, no one would go hungry. Global food production per capita increased from about 260 kilograms (kgs) in 1950 to about 350 kgs in the early 1990s [FAD (1992)]. In developing countries the corresponding increase was from 170 kgs to 250 kgs.
Facile Au catalyst loading on the inner shell of hollow SnO<sub>2</sub>spheres using Au-decorated block copolymer sphere templates and their selective H<sub>2</sub>S sensing characteristics (2014)

Hollow SnO2 spheres functionalized by Au catalysts were synthesized via the use of Au-decorated block copolymer (Au-BCP) sphere templates. Uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles on BCP spheres were prepared by the infiltration of Au precursors into polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) spheres. A thin SnO2 layer was coated on the Au-BCP spheres using RF sputtering at room temperature without morphological deformation of the spheres. The Au nanoparticles were uniformly transferred from the Au-BCP spheres to the inner shells of the hollow SnO2 spheres followed by decomposition of BCP spheres. The Au-loaded hollow SnO2 spheres exhibited a superior H2S sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 17.4 at 5 ppm) with remarkably selective characteristics with a minor response (Rair/Rgas < 2.5 at 5 ppm) toward other interfering gases. Our results pave the way for a new catalyst loading method using Au-BCP spheres for the uniformly distributed Au NPs on the SnO2 layers.
Synthesis of γ-Valerolactone by Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Levulinic Acid over Ru/C Catalyst (2009)

Ru/C catalyst was used in hydrogenation of levulinic acid to produce γ-valerolactone. The conversion rate and the selectivity of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone with Ru/C as catalyst were higher than those with Pd/C, Raney nickel, and Urushibara nickel. The optimum preparation conditions of γ-valerolactone by hydrogenation of levulinic acid catalyzed by Ru/C were as follows: temperature at 130 °C, hydrogen pressure at 1.2 MPa, dosage of catalyst at 5.0% (based on the mass fraction of levulinic acid), the solvent being methanol, and a reaction time of 160 min. The conversion rate of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone was found to be 92%, and the selectivity of γ-valerolactone was 99%. The surface structure variations of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD and XPS. Furthermore, the reaction pathway for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid was proposed.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Structure‐ and Shape‐Controlled Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieve Nanomaterials (2006)

Abstract Highly uniform single‐crystal Na‐OMS‐2 (OMS: octahedral molecular sieve), pyrolusite, and γ‐MnO 2 nanostructures with an interesting 3D urchinlike morphology have been successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method based on a mild and direct reaction between sodium dichromate and manganese sulfate. The crystal phases, shapes, and tunnel sizes of the manganese dioxide nanostructures can be tailored. Reaction temperature, concentrations of the reactants, and acidity of the solution play important roles in controlling the synthesis of these manganese dioxides. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that the nanomaterials obtained are constructed of self‐assembled nanorods. X‐ray diffraction and TEM results indicate that the constituent manganese dioxide particles are single‐crystalline materials. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and magnetic studies imply that chromium cations may be incorporated into the framework and/or tunnels of the manganese dioxides. A mechanism for the growth of manganese dioxides with urchinlike architectures is proposed.
Evaluation of Metalloendopeptidase Lys-N Protease Performance under Different Sample Handling Conditions (2010)

Trypsin, the most widely used enzyme in proteomics, has a few caveats as it does not perform well under certain harsh sample handling conditions and creates relatively short peptides less amenable to, for instance, electron transfer dissociation. There is, thus, room for improvement using alternative proteases. Here, we evaluate the performance of such an alternative protease, the metalloendopeptidase Lys-N, in sample preparation for proteomic analyses under various experimental conditions. The experimental parameters we evaluated were protein-to-protease ratio, incubation time, temperature, and several concentrations of denaturing modifiers often used in proteomics sample handling. Our data reveal that Lys-N is still very efficient under some very harsh (denaturing) conditions (e.g., 8 M urea, 80% acetonitrile) and at temperatures as low as 4 degrees C and up to 80 degrees C but severely hampered by guanidine hydrochloride and methanol. These rather unique features make Lys-N a good candidate for a variety of applications, such as membrane proteomics and possibly H/D exchange mass spectrometry. Additionally, we show that Lys-N is capable of, in contrast to trypsin or Lys-C, cleaving adjacent to mono- and dimethylated lysines, making it a good candidate for targeted epigenetic analysis of for instance histones.
Sequence Similarity Searching Using the BLAST Family of Programs (2000)

Abstract Database sequence similarity searching is carried out thousands of times each day by researchers worldwide. This unit describes the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) family of sequence similarity search programs. It compares basic and advanced searches, discusses the BLAST algorithm, and presents the variety of databases that can be searched. Examples of various BLAST searches (e.g., BLASTP, BLASTX, BLASTN) are included. The unit also includes a discussion of different search strategies, such as filtering repeats and low‐complexity regions, and tips for analyzing genomic DNA, mRNA, and short sequences. Two unit appendices detail the BLAST parameters and sequence identifier syntax.