gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Distinct Pathways Leading to Nuclear Apoptosis (2000)

Apaf-1(-/-) or caspase-3(-/-) cells treated with a variety of apoptosis inducers manifest apoptosis-associated alterations including the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to nuclei, large scale DNA fragmentation, and initial chromatin condensation (stage I). However, when compared with normal control cells, Apaf-1(-/-) or caspase-3(-/-) cells fail to exhibit oligonucleosomal chromatin digestion and a more advanced pattern of chromatin condensation (stage II). Microinjection of such cells with recombinant AIF only causes peripheral chromatin condensation (stage I), whereas microinjection with activated caspase-3 or its downstream target caspase-activated DNAse (CAD) causes a more pronounced type of chromatin condensation (stage II). Similarly, when added to purified HeLa nuclei, AIF causes stage I chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation, whereas CAD induces stage II chromatin condensation and oligonucleosomal DNA degradation. Furthermore, in a cell-free system, concomitant neutralization of AIF and CAD is required to suppress the nuclear DNA loss caused by cytoplasmic extracts from apoptotic wild-type cells. In contrast, AIF depletion alone suffices to suppress the nuclear DNA loss contained in extracts from apoptotic Apaf-1(-/-) or caspase-3(-/-) cells. As a result, at least two redundant parallel pathways may lead to chromatin processing during apoptosis. One of these pathways involves Apaf-1 and caspases, as well as CAD, and leads to oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and advanced chromatin condensation. The other pathway, which is caspase-independent, involves AIF and leads to large-scale DNA fragmentation and peripheral chromatin condensation.
POLYURETHANE AS EROSION RESISTANT MATERIAL FOR HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADES (1965)

Abstract : The report covers the use of PO 655 polyurethane material as an erosion resistant boot for the protection of helicopter rotor blades. Two adhesive systems were used with the polyurethane boots, and tests were conducted on CH-34 and UH-1B/D main rotor blades to evaluate the survivability of the material in an abrasive environment.
R PheWAS: data analysis and plotting tools for phenome-wide association studies in the R environment (2014)

This R package is freely available under the Gnu Public License (GPL-3) from http://phewascatalog.org. It is implemented in native R and is platform independent.
Autonomous robotic monitoring of underground cable systems (2006)

Maintenance of distributed infrastructures requires periodic measurement of many physical variables at numerous locations. This task can potentially be accomplished with autonomous robotic mobile platforms. The challenges in realizing this vision include electromechanical design of the robot itself, integration of sensors able to estimate the physical properties of the infrastructure, and autonomous operation. This paper describes the electromechanical and sensing system design of the autonomous robot for the inspection of electric power cables. The multiprocessor distributed control architecture developed in this project allows real-time operation of multiple sensors and a possibility to switch between an autonomous mode of operation and a remote-controlled one. The diagnostic sensor array includes thermal, visual, dielectric, and acoustic sensors for the measurement of cable status. Laboratory tests demonstrate the ability of integrated sensors to measure parameters of interest with the resolution required by the application. Field tests in the underground cable system demonstrate the ability of the designed platform to travel along the cable, navigate typical obstacles, and communicate with the host computer
High voltage AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors with regrown In<sub>0.14</sub>Ga<sub>0.86</sub>N contact using a CMOS compatible gold-free process (2014)

We report the fabrication and characterization of high voltage AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs) with selectively regrown In0.14Ga0.86N contact using a CMOS compatible gold-free process. Device with the regrown InGaN contact with a gate-to-drain spacing LGD of 5 µm achieves an off-state breakdown voltage VBR of 800 V and on-state resistance Ron of 2 mΩ·cm2. The VBR achieved in this work is higher than those of gold-free GaN MOSHEMTs with gate-to-drain spacing LGD below 10 µm.
DISTRICT HEALTH MANAGEMENT CYCLE IN MALAYSIA (2016)

Background: Imbalance between needs, demands and resources are commonly seen in the public sector. Management team needs to manage the available resources in the best possible way to meet the health needs. This is decided by the District Health Management Team (DHMT) in the district health. The concept of District Health Management Cycle (DHMC) was initially introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its District Health Management Models as part of health sector reform initiatives. This review aim to discuss the principle and concept of DHMC in Malaysia. Methods: A literature review was conducted through online database such as Google Scholar and Pubmed to identify the current concept of DHMC. Related government documents on district health management was also identified and reviewed through official government websites. Initial keywords used are district health services and district health management. Then, combined keywords used are district health services in Malaysia and district health management in Malaysia. Finally, about 14 articles that are related were selected and reviewed. Logic framework for district management cycle and SWOT analysis was applied to highlight the internal factors (strength and weakness) and external factor (opportunity and threats) of district health management in Malaysia. Result: DHMC is a cycle involving situational analysis, planning, implementation, with continuous monitoring and eventually the evaluation. Situational analysis identified the current requirement of the district. Then district health plan will be carried out to get a clear picture of the range of inputs needed and how these inputs will be combined to achieve goals. Implementation is the process of carrying out the activity or intervention as well as using the resources without any interruption to the existing service delivery. Followed by monitoring, where it implies checking progress of District Health Plan. Finally, evaluation is a systematic way of reviewing at the implemented plan including the strengths and the shortfalls accounted during the entire process. District health management in Malaysia is not completely decentralized, therefore there are some different in its concept and principle. Conclusion: Healthcare system in Malaysia has some strength and threat. Some of the weaknesses are lack of human resources and top to down planning. The threat comes from internally such as resource constraints and externally due to social groups and political interference. District health management is the starting point of the district health service delivery. It aims to constantly balance the needs, and demands with the limited resources to improve the quality of health service.
Electrocatalytic O<sub>2</sub> Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Dendrimer-Encapsulated Pt Nanoparticles (2005)

Platinum dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) were prepared within fourth-generation, hydroxyl-terminated, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes using an electrochemical coupling strategy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electrochemical experiments confirmed that the Pt DENs were about 1.4 nm in diameter and that they remained within the dendrimer following surface immobilization. The resulting Pt DEN films were electrocatalytically active for the oxygen reduction reaction. The films were also robust, surviving up to 50 consecutive cyclic voltammograms and sonication.
A Wallable Macrodevice (1999)

The Cambridge Research Laboratory was founded in 1987 to advance the state of the art in both core computing and human-computer interaction, and to use the knowledge so gained to support the Company&apos;s corporate objectives. We believe this is best accomplished through interconnected pursuits in technology creation, advanced systems engineering, and business development. We are actively investigating scalable computing; mobile computing; vision-based human and scene sensing; speech interaction; computeranimated synthetic persona; intelligent information appliances; and the capture, coding, storage, indexing, retrieval, decoding, and rendering of multimedia data. We recognize and embrace a technology creation model which is characterized by three major phases: Freedom: The lifeblood of the Laboratory comes from the observations and imaginations of our research staff. It is here that challenging research problems are uncovered (through discussions with customers, through interactions with others in the Corporation, through other professional interactions, through reading, and the like) or that new ideas are born. For any such problem or idea, this phase culminates in the nucleation of a project team around a well-articulated central research question and the outlining of a research plan. Focus: Once a team is formed, we aggressively pursue the creation of new technology based on the plan.
Identification of the Putative Cytoplasmic Donor of a CMS System in <i>Brassica juncea</i> (1991)

Abstract Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction profiles of a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea and its maintainer line were compared and found to be markedly different. Comparison of cpDNA restriction profiles of fifty different species of genus Brassica and some allied genera showed that the cpDNA profiles of CMS lines were similar to that of B. tournefortii for twenty different restriction endonucleases. This CMS system is thus not of spontaneous origin as reported earlier, but is alloplasmic in nature. Comparison of restriction profiles of mtDNA of B. tournefortii and CMS lines revealed some differences which might either be due to changes in DNA pattern during the transfer, or, due to the cytoplasm coming from a B. tournefortii line different from the one used in this study.
A UNIFIED PEER-TO-PEER DATABASE FRAMEWORK FOR XQUERIES OVER DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTED CONTENT AND ITS APPLICATION FOR SCALABLE SERVICE DISCOVERY (2002)

In a large distributed system spanning administrative domains such as a Grid, it is desirable to maintain and query dynamic and timely information about active participants such as services, resources and user communities. The web services vision promises that programs are made more flexible and powerful by querying Internet databases (registries) at runtime in order to discover information and network attached third-party building blocks. Services can advertise themselves and related metadata via such databases, enabling the assembly of distributed higher-level components. In support of this vision, this thesis shows how to support expressive general-purpose queries over a view that integrates autonomous dynamic database nodes from a wide range of distributed system topologies.
Entity-Based Language Model Smoothing Approach for Smart Search (2018)

Smart search plays an important role in all walks of life, for example, according to business needs, accurate search of required knowledge from massive resources is an important way to enhance industrial intelligence. Smoothing of the language model is essential for obtaining high-quality search results because it helps to reduce mismatching and overfitting problems caused by data sparseness. Traditional smoothing methods lexically focus on the global corpus and locally cluster documents information without semantic analysis, which leads to deficiency of the semantic correlations between query statements and documents. In this paper, we propose an entity-based language model smoothing approach for smart search that uses semantic correlation and takes entities as bridges to build the entity semantic language model using a knowledge base. In this approach, entities in the documents are linked to an external knowledge base, such as Wikipedia. Then, the entity semantic language model is generated by using soft-fused and hardfused methods. A two-level merging strategy is also presented to smooth the language model according to whether a given word is semantically relevant to the document or not, which integrates the Dir-smoothing and JM-smoothing methods. Experimental results show that the smoothed language model more closely approximates the word probability distribution under the document semantic theme and more accurately estimates the relevance between query and document.
COLD-STORAGE PRESERVATION OF THE CANINE AND RAT PANCREAS PRIOR TO ISLET ISOLATION (1989)

Cold-storage preservation of the canine pancreas prior to islet isolation has previously been noted to reduce the intrasplenic islet autograft success rate; but the mechanism of this deleterious effect has not been determined. We undertook a study in both outbred dogs and Lewis (RT1-1) rats to determine the influence of cold-storage preservation interval, preservation solution, and flushing technique on islet yield and islet viability. The preservation solutions used were those that had proved most efficacious in preserving segmental canine pancreases--namely, the modifications of silica gel fractionated plasma (SGF-III and SGF-IV) and an hydroxyethylstarch/lactobionate solution (UW-1). In the first set of experiments, the traditional vascular flush was used; this was followed by storage at 4 degrees C. After brief periods of preservation (3 hr in the rat, 12 hr in the dog) there was a significant (P less than 0.006) reduction in islet yield. The reduced yields were similar with each solution tested, were made worse with increasing intervals of storage, and resulted in a significant reduction in autograft success rate. The second set of experiments examined the effect of using an intraductal flush prior to preservation, along with the effect of adding collagenase to the preservation fluid. Islet yields were maintained at control values in both animal models using preservation intervals of up to 24 hr. These islet yields produced auto- or isograft success rates similar to those obtained by transplanting freshly obtained tissue; verifying adequate islet viability. We recommend that a pre-storage ductal flush technique be used for cold-storage preservation of the pancreas prior to islet isolation and transplantation.
The Origin of the Thought-Pattern Which Survives in Baptism (1936)

THE ATTENTION of a number of scholars has in recent years been directed to survival of early thought-patterns in later religious ceremonies and cultural institutions. It is purpose of this article to trace one such pattern in a way more completely than it has yet been done. The ancient Babylonians believed that water was spermatozoa of gods. Its out-pouring each year over Babylonian alluvium fertilized earth and caused it to bring forth its fruits, thus giving life to all beings upon it. In order to secure this annual outpouring of divine life-giving fluid, liturgy of Babylonian spring-festivals depicted cohabitation of god of a city with his spouse; result was believed to be abundant outpouring of life-giving waters. The account of such a union with its outcome is recorded for us by Gudea, ruler of Lagash, about 2400 B. c. After describing in a realistic way details of divine marital union, and how in that union god poured out seed, he proceeds, the great water-courses that were low became like water that bowls will not hold; it stood in plantations; from Tigris and Euphrates it joyfully overflowed; whatever was needed for city and temple satisfactorily it caused to grow.' A tablet in Museum of University of Pennsylvania contains a similar myth concerning deities Enlil and Ninlil of Nippur. Perhaps that myth formed part of a liturgy for spring festival at Nippur. Enlil and Ninlil cohabit, as did Ningirsu and Bau at Lagash, and holy river, which had been dry, flowed again.2 Still another tablet found at Nippur records a similar myth concerning union of Enki and Ninhursag,-a myth original home of which must have been Eridu. Enki cohabited with goddess, who yielded to him unwillingly, after which fields were flooded. It is
Algorithmic Effects on the Diversity of Consumption on Spotify (2020)

On many online platforms, users can engage with millions of pieces of content, which they discover either organically or through algorithmically-generated recommendations. While the short-term benefits of recommender systems are well-known, their long-term impacts are less well understood. In this work, we study the user experience on Spotify, a popular music streaming service, through the lens of diversity—the coherence of the set of songs a user listens to. We use a high-fidelity embedding of millions of songs based on listening behavior on Spotify to quantify how musically diverse every user is, and find that high consumption diversity is strongly associated with important long-term user metrics, such as conversion and retention. However, we also find that algorithmically-driven listening through recommendations is associated with reduced consumption diversity. Furthermore, we observe that when users become more diverse in their listening over time, they do so by shifting away from algorithmic consumption and increasing their organic consumption. Finally, we deploy a randomized experiment and show that algorithmic recommendations are more effective for users with lower diversity. Our work illuminates a central tension in online platforms: how do we recommend content that users are likely to enjoy in the short term while simultaneously ensuring they can remain diverse in their consumption in the long term?
Analysis of various beamlet sizes for IMRT with 6 MV Photons (2003)

Application of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using multileaf collimation often requires the use of small beamlets to optimize the delivered radiation distribution. Small-beam dose distribution measurements were compared to dose distributions calculated using a commercial treatment planning system that models its data acquired using measurements from relatively large fields. We wanted to evaluate only the penumbra, percent depth-dose (PDD) and output model, so we avoided dose distribution features caused by rounded leaf ends and interleaf leakage by making measurements using the secondary collimators. We used a validated radiochromic film dosimetry system to measure high-resolution dose distributions of 6 MV photon beams. A commercial treatment planning system using the finite size pencil beam (FSPB) dose calculation algorithm was commissioned using measured central axis outputs from 4.0x4.0 to 40.0x40.0 cm2 beams and radiographic-film profile measurements of a 4.0x4.0 cm2 beam at twice the depth of maximum dose (dmax). Calculated dose distributions for square fields of 0.5x0.5 cm2, and 1.0x1.0 cm2, to 6.0x6.0 cm2, in 1.0x1.0 cm2, increments were compared against radiochromic film measurements taken with the film oriented parallel to the beam central axis in a water equivalent phantom. The PDD of the smaller field sizes exhibited behavior typical of small fields, namely a decrease in dmax with decreasing field size. The FSPB accurately modeled the depth-dose and central axis output for depths deeper than the nominal dmax of 1.5 cm plus 0.5 cm. The dose distribution in the build-up and penumbra regions was not accurately modeled for depths less than 2 cm, especially for the fields of 2.0x2.0 cm2 and smaller. Using the gamma function with 2 mm and 2% criteria, the dose model was shown to accurately predict the penumbra. While for single small beams the compared dose distributions passed the gamma function criteria, the clinical appropriateness of these criteria is not clear for a composite IMRT plan. Further investigation of the cumulative impact of the observed dose discrepancies is warranted. We speculate that the observed differences in the penumbra regions arise from some energy dependent artifact in the radiographic-film profiles used for commissioning. In the future, radiochromic film based commissioning might provide a more accurate data set for dose modeling.
39.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Ink‐jet Technology for Fabrication Processes of Flat Panel Displays (2003)

Abstract A Micro Liquid Process that enables us to pattern devices directly onto a substrate using liquid materials has been applied to the fabrication of flat panel displays. Ink‐jet printing has so far been the primary tool used in this process. The fabrications of LCD color filters, organic EL devices, organic TFTs and metal electrodes are introduced.
Benzotriazole-assisted synthesis of monoacyl aminals and their peptide derivatives (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzotriazole-assisted synthesis of monoacyl aminals and their peptide derivativesAlan R. Katritzky, Laszlo Urogdi, and Annie MayenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 7, 2206–2214Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00294a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00294a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views984Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pd‐Mediated Reactions of Epoxides (2011)

Abstract This review highlights the different reactions of epoxides induced by stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of palladium, except for hydrogenolysis procedures and reactions involving additions to α,β‐unsaturated epoxides. The proposed mechanisms are described, with some personal observations in some cases.
Dielectric ribbon waveguide: an optimum configuration for ultra-low-loss millimeter/submillimeter dielectric waveguide (1990)

Dielectric ribbon waveguide supporting the /sub e/HE/sub 11/ dominant model can be made to yield an attenuation constant for this mode of less than 20 dB/km in the millimeter/submillimeter-wavelength range. The waveguide is made with a high-dielectric-constant, low-loss material such as alumina or sapphire. It takes the form of thin dielectric ribbon surrounded by lossless dry air. A detailed theoretical analysis of the attenuation and field extent characteristics for the low-loss dominant /sub e/HE/sub 11/ mode along a ribbon dielectric waveguide was performed using the exact finite-element technique as well as two approximate techniques. Analytical predictions were then verified by measurements on ribbon guides made with rexolite using the highly sensitive cavity resonator method. Excellent agreement was found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inflammation‐induced transgene expression in genetically engineered equine mesenchymal stem cells (2016)

The results of the present study demonstrate that on demand transgene expression from the NFκB-responsive promoter using naturally occurring inflammatory cytokines can be induced in undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated equine MSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.