gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of six probiotic strains on immune function<i>in vitro</i> (2011)

There is considerable interest in the strain specificity of immune modulation by probiotics. The present study compared the immunomodulatory properties of six probiotic strains of different species and two genera in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) model in vitro. Live cells of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus casei Shirota, L. rhamnosus GG, L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 and L. reuteri NCIMB 11951) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3 and B. bifidum MF 20/5) were individually incubated with PBMC from seven healthy subjects for 24 h. Probiotic strains increased the proportion of CD69+ on lymphocytes, T cells, T cell subsets and natural killer (NK) cells, and increased the proportion of CD25+, mainly on lymphocytes and NK cells. The effects on activation marker expression did not appear to be strain specific. NK cell activity was significantly increased by all six strains, without any significant difference between strains. Probiotic strains increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α to different extents, but had no effect on the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 or TNF-β. The cytokines that showed strain-specific modulation included IL-10, interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. The Lactobacillus strains tended to promote T helper 1 cytokines, whereas bifidobacterial strains tended to produce a more anti-inflammatory profile. The results suggest that there was limited evidence of strain-specific effects of probiotics with respect to T cell and NK cell activation or NK cell activity, whereas production of some cytokines was differentially influenced by probiotic strains.
An overview of intimal hyperplasia. (1990)

Many hypotheses have been postulated for the development of intimal hyperplasia in vein and prosthetic grafts. In these hypotheses, the central theme seems to be endothelial injury, but not always denuding injury. As we progress into the biologic era with more sophisticated research tools, the study of the endothelial cell may give us the answers to the problem of intimal hyperplasia. In addition, the leukocyte is still a relatively unknown entity and further modification of their function may hold promise.
Connectionism Theory and Practice (1992)

Abstract This is the third volume in the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science Series. It is based on a conference that was held in 1990, which was sponsored by the Cognitive Science Program and Linguistics Department of Simon Fraser University. Over the last decade, there has emerged a paradigm of cognitive modeling that has been hailed by many researchers as a radically new and promising approach to cognitive science. This new paradigm has come to be known by a number of names, including “connectionism”, "neural networks", and "parallel distributed processing", (or PDP). This method of computation attempts to model the neural processes that are thought to underlie cognitive functions in human beings. Unlike the digital computation methods used by AI researchers, connectionist models claim to approximate the kind of spontaneous, creative and somewhat unpredicatable behavior of human agents. However, over the last few years, a heated controversy has arisen over the extent to which connectionist models are able to provide successful explanations for higher cognitive processes. A central theme of this book reviews the adequacy of recent attempts to implement higher cognitive processes in connectionist networks.
Studies of host response to orthopedic implants and biomaterials. (1999)

The use of implanted biomaterials in orthopedic surgery has increased rapidly during the past two decades. Total joint replacement of the hip or knee joint has become common treatment; at the same time, an increasing number of fractures are treated with osteosynthesis. The original Charnley low-friction arthroplasty of the hip is still widely used and gives in large series excellent results. Aseptic loosening of this arthroplasty has been thought to be due to wear debris of the methylmethacrylate used for fixation of the implants, or to debris generated from wear of the polyethylene socket. To date, many different materials have been tried in order to reduce wear and generation of macrophage irritating submicron sized particles, or to provide more biocompatible components. However, trials to improve the methylmethacrylate cement or to invent better polyethylenes have often failed. Diamond coating of the metallic components seems promising: there is less wear and diamond is very biocompatible in bulk and small particulate form. Biodegradable implants have also been found useful in treating fractures. Bioactive bioabsorbable materials may also make possible a tissue engineering approach and can be used as carriers for selected drugs and cytokines. Because many promising materials and designs have failed in clinical use, extensive theoretical and experimental testing is mandatory before introducing new materials and implants in a clinical setting.
A Chemical Exchange System for Isotopic Feed to a Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Separation Plant (1989)

Abstract A process has been developed to provide isotopic feed to a nitric oxide isotope distillation plant. Central to the process is the isotopic chemical exchange of NO and nitric acid in countercurrent flows in a 3-in. diameter packed column. An isotopically depleted stream of NO is reenriched to natural isotopic abundances by the exchange and is recycled as feed back to the distillation columns. Makeup NO is generated in another column from sulfur dioxide and nitric acid. Multistage gas purifiers reduce condensible impurities in the nitric oxide below 10 ppm. The process operates unattended at flow rates of 0.5 to 2 mol/min. The new NO recycle-enrichment and generation processes have successfully provided the feedstock for the NO isotope separation columns for over 6 years.
Malonamides as New Extractants for Nuclear Waste Solutions (1991)

Abstract A new class of extractants has been investigated: pentaalkylpropane diamides. Due to their chelating effect on metallic cations, they extract trivalent actinides such as Am3+ and Cm3+ from acidic nitrate nuclear waste solutions. These solvents are completely incinerable and do not generate large amounts of waste. A review is provided of their chemical properties, leading to the choice of the proper molecule. The results of a bench-scale experiment performed in a mixer-settler battery are presented.
META-PROBE™: A new generation photothermal system for thin metal films characterization (1999)

A new photothermal system designed for the metrology and characterization of thin metal films is described. This system employs a new technology based on the precise scanning of the thermal-wave field by varying the pump-probe beam offset distance. The resulting set of photomodulated reflectance signal amplitude and phase offset scans recorded at multiple modulation frequencies is processed using an appropriate theoretical model to obtain the parameters of the wafer under study.
Circulating and localized immune complexes in experimental mycoplasma-induced arthritis-associated ocular inflammation (1992)

Ocular deposits of immune complexes are believed to contribute to the anterior segment inflammations observed in association with the human arthritides. Arthritis-related ocular inflammations may be reproduced in animals by infection with certain species of mycoplasma. To evaluate the role of immune complexes in the production of ocular lesions, we studied their involvement in the rodent model of experimental arthritis-associated ocular inflammation induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with viable concentrates of M. arthritidis and monitored for the production of related circulating and intraocular immune complexes. Circulating immune complexes were monitored by antigen capture systems, and localized intraocular complexes were identified by indirect immunohistochemistry. Polyacrylamide gel immunoblot analysis of captured complexes confirmed the antigen(s) involved as proteins derived from M. arthritidis. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed localized complexes containing mycoplasma antigens within the ciliary-iris vasculature. Concentrations of the generated complexes diminished rapidly over a 30-day period. While complex deposits within ocular tissues could represent a contributing cause to the localized anterior segment inflammation reported in this rodent model, secondary challenge with viable M. arthritidis, which reproduced high concentrations of intraocular and circulating immune complexes, failed to elicit any ocular response.
Cellulose composite aerogel for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding (2015)

An ultra-light, conductive green composite aerogel with an open and highly porous structure was produced for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding.
Evidence against correlations between nuclear decay rates and Earth-Sun distance (2008)

We have reexamined our previously published data to search for evidence of correlations between the rates for the alpha, beta-minus, beta-plus, and electron-capture decays of 22Na, 44Ti, 108Agm, 121Snm, 133Ba, and 241Am and the Earth-Sun distance. We find no evidence for such correlations and set limits on the possible amplitudes of such correlations substantially smaller than those observed in previous experiments.
Hot-carrier-degradation characteristics for fluorine-incorporated nMOSFET's (1990)

Fluorine was implanted into the polysilicon gate and diffused into the gate oxide by annealing at 1000 degrees C. Transconductance (g/sub m/) for the devices with high dosages of fluorine implantation decreased linearly in stress time, while g/sub m/ for devices without fluorine and with low implantation dosages decreased by almost the square root of stress time. Device lifetime, defined as 10% g/sub m/ reduction, for devices implanted with high dosages of fluorine was shorter at high drain voltage stress than that for those without or with low dosage of fluorine, but longer at low voltage stress. As to the relationship between device lifetime and substrate current, the fluorine-incorporated device had higher critical energy to create interface traps by hot-carrier injection than the device without fluorine. High-temperature annealing in hydrogen ambient increased device degradation. However, the fluorine incorporation had the advantage of hot-carrier immunity for the hydrogen annealing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical-inducible gene expression systems for plants-a review† (1998)

Chemical-inducible expression systems, or ‘gene switches’, provide an opportunity for the temporal, spatial and quantitative control of genetically engineered traits. This review describes molecular and chemical aspects of several gene switches which have appeared in the literature and a novel unpublished system. Molecular components from plant, bacterial, fungal, insect and mammalian sources have all been utilised to develop gene switches. A brief description of the underlying principle of each approach and some detail of how they perform in transgenic plants is given. Although gene switch systems have utility for fundamental and applied research, particular reference is given to those systems with potential for application in agriculture. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo measurement of mid-infrared light scattering from human skin (2013)

Two mid-infrared light sources, a broadband source from a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and a pulsed Quantum Cascade (QC) Laser, are used to measure angle-resolved backscattering in vivo from human skin across a broad spectral range. Scattering profiles measured using the FTIR suggest limited penetration of the light into the skin, with most of the light interacting with the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. Scattering profiles from the QC laser show modulation patterns with angle suggesting interaction with scattering centers in the skin. The scattering is attributed to interaction of the laser light with components such as collagen fibers and capillaries in the dermis layer of the skin.
Structural Nature and Functions of Transfer Factors (1993)

Transfer factors are molecules that "educate" recipients to express cell-mediated immunity. This effect is antigen-specific. The most consistent effects of transfer factors on the immune system are expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity and production of lymphokines such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is probably identical to gamma-interferon in response to exposure to antigen. Transfer factors bind to antigens in an immunologically specific manner. This discovery has enabled us to isolate individual transfer factors from mixtures that contain several transfer factors. This reactivity probably explains the specificity of individual transfer factors, and it has provided a method for purification of individual transfer factors to apparent homogeneity. The purified materials are immunologically active and antigen-specific. They have molecular weights of approximately 5,000 Da and appear to be composed entirely of amino acids. Transfer factors appear to offer a novel means of molecular immunotherapy for certain patients with defective cell-mediated immunity.
Repurposing Mebendazole as a Replacement for Vincristine for the Treatment of Brain Tumors (2017)

The microtubule inhibitor vincristine is currently used to treat a variety of brain tumors, including low-grade glioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Vincristine, however, does not penetrate well into brain tumor tissue, and moreover, it displays dose-limiting toxicities, including peripheral neuropathy. Mebendazole, a Food and Drug Administration-approved anthelmintic drug with a favorable safety profile, has recently been shown to display strong therapeutic efficacy in animal models of both glioma and medulloblastoma. Importantly, appropriate formulations of mebendazole yield therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain. Mebendazole has been shown to inhibit microtubule formation, but it is not known whether its potency against tumor cells is mediated by this inhibitory effect. To investigate this, we examined the effects of mebendazole on GL261 glioblastoma cell viability, microtubule polymerization and metaphase arrest, and found that the effective concentrations to inhibit these functions are very similar. In addition, using mebendazole as a seed for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) COMPARE program revealed that the top-scoring drugs were highly enriched in microtubule-targeting drugs. Taken together, these results indicate that the cell toxicity of mebendazole is indeed caused by inhibiting microtubule formation. We also compared the therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and vincristine against GL261 orthotopic tumors. We found that mebendazole showed a significant increase in animal survival time, whereas vincristine, even at a dose close to its maximum tolerated dose, failed to show any efficacy. In conclusion, our results strongly support the clinical use of mebendazole as a replacement for vincristine for the treatment of brain tumors.
Probleme der Blutgerinnung. 4. Mitteilung. β‐Heparin, ein neuer, blutgerinnungshemmender Mucoitinschwefelsäureester (1951)

Abstract Aus den Nebenprodukten der Heparinherstellung konnte eine bis jetzt noch nicht beschriebene blutgerinnungshemmend wirkende Substanz isoliert werden, die wir als β‐Heparin bezeichnen. Sie unterscheidet sich vom bekannten Heparin vor allem dadurch, dass sie als Aminozucker nicht Glucosamin, sondern Galaktosamin enthält.
SVC: selector-based view composition for web frameworks (2010)

We present Selector-based View Composition (SVC), a new programming style for web application development. Using SVC, a developer defines a web page as a series of transformations on an initial state. Each transformation consists of a selector (used to select parts of the page) and an action (used to modify content matched by the selector). SVC applies these transformations on either the client or the server to generate the complete web page. Developers gain two advantages by programming in this style. First, SVC can automatically add Ajax support to sites, allowing a developer to write interactive web applications without writing any JavaScript. Second, the developer can reason about the structure of the page and write code to exploit that structure, increasing the power and reducing the complexity of code that manipulates the page’s content. We introduce SVC as a stateless, framework-agnostic development style. We also describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a prototype, consisting of a PHP extension using the WebKit browser engine [37] and a plugin to the popular PHP MVC framework Code Igniter [8]. To illustrate the general usefulness of SVC, we describe the implementation of three example applications consisting of common Ajax patterns. Finally, we describe the implementation of three post-processing filters and compare them to currently existing solutions. 1
The Education of a Senator: Everett McKinley Dirksen (1999)

The Education of a Senator: Everett McKinley Dirksen. By Everett McKinley Dirksen. Foreword by Howard H. Baker, Jr. (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998. Pp. li, 256. Cloth, $29.95.) Everett Dirksen is a genuine political icon. A major player in the nation's public life for over thirty years, he ranks historically with the likes of Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Robert LaFollette, and Robert Taft. Yet it was not until 1995, that a scholarly account of his career appeared in the form of Edward and Frederick Schapsmeiers' Dirksen of Illinois: Senatorial Statesman, and much of that was based upon an unpublished autobiography tentatively titled So You Want To Be A Senator? Now at last Dirksen's interpretation of his own remarkable life and career has been made available. Sadly, he did not have the time before his death in 1969, for a complete exposition of his life, and this book finishes with his election to the Senate in 1950. Structured chronologically, it is a mix of autobiography, anecdotes, and political insights. Perhaps most striking is the tone of the writing that reveals a surprisingly artistic person whose worldview was unfailingly optimistic. This theme is especially clear in the recitation of his rise to public prominence. Beginning as one of several children of working class German immigrants in Pekin, Illinois, he became almost a case study of what used to be called the American Dream. Through hard work, study, an ability to speak, and a willingness to take chances he managed to progress first to a successful local business, then subsequently to the Pekin city council, to Congress (1933-1949), and finally to the United States Senate (19511969). In Dirksen's account there was an almost Calvinist predestination in his ultimate election to the Senate, or at the very least, it was the realization of what he understood to be the central theme of his adult life. At no time does he dwell upon the negative. For instance, he passes over with humor the very real threats to himself and his family as German-Americans during World War I, by attributing them chiefly to his mother's stubborn refusal to take down the honored picture of Kaiser Wilhelm II! He is equally nonchalant about the risks of his military service. Enlisting four months before the United States entered the war, he was later commissioned a lieutenant in France and endured gas attacks, artillery barrages, and the almost suicidal hazards of being a spotter in a balloon, all of which he describes without great emotion. Similarly, he treats in a relatively light-hearted manner the onset of eye disease in the late 1940s that came close to blinding him and led to his leaving Congress. …
[Development of reconstruction techniques of the anterior skull base after tumor excision]. (1996)

183 benign and malignant tumors of the anterior cranial base were operated in the department of neurosurgery at Ste Anne's hospital, from June 1982 to December 1993. The bone defect was repaired first with bone sheets taken from the inner table of the cranial flap. Then allografts of irradiated bone and madreporic coral blocks were used as reconstruction material. Since January 1992, no bone reconstruction was performed; the anterior base was just covered with a sheet of Vicryl Composit Mesh (VCM) which was secured bilateraly on the pterion, the temporalis pars squamosa and around the ethmoid defect. This sheet of VCM reinforces the dural plane, which is always lined with a pediculated galea flap. These technical changes and evolution were motivated by: i/- a desire to simplify the surgical technique: ii/- the risk of transmission of viral diseases such as Creutzfeld Jacob disease by allografts, iii/- the frequency of splits and/or falls of madreporic coral grafts. Whatever the material, the infection risks were identical: 8% of subcutaneous and/or deep suppurations, 5% of post-operative meningitis. One patient presented with a transient clinical rhinorrhea.
Optimal graph constraint reduction for symbolic layout compaction (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Optimal graph constraint reduction for symbolic layout compaction Authors: Peichen Pan View Profile , Sai-keung Dong View Profile , C. L. Liu View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993Pages 401–406https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164950Published:01 July 1993Publication History 3citation291DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads291Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteeReaderPDF
Structural analysis of leukotriene C<sub>4</sub>isomers using collisional activation and 157 nm photodissociation (2007)

The fragmentation of 5-hydroxy-6-glutathionyl-7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid [leukotriene C4 or LTC4 (5, 6)] and its isomeric counterpart LTC4 (14, 15) were studied by low and high-energy collisional induced dissociation (CID) and 157 nm photofragmentation. For singly charged protonated LTC4 precursors, photodissociation significantly enhances the signal intensities of informative fragment ions that are very important to distinguish the two LTC4 isomers and generates a few additional fragment ions that are not usually observed in CID experiments. The ion trap enables MSn experiments on the fragment ions generated by photodissociation. Photofragmentation is found to be suitable for the structural identification and isomeric differentiation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and is more informative than low or high-energy CID. We describe for the first time the structural characterization of the LTC4 (14, 15) isomer by mass spectrometry using CID and 157 nm light activation methods.
Multiple-symbol detection for orthogonal modulation in CDMA system (2001)

We investigate in this paper the performance of orthogonal modulations with noncoherent multiple-symbol detection (MSD). It is shown that for uncoded systems, the asymptotic error performance of the MSD is almost as good as that of the ideal coherent detector. The application of MSD to the CDMA IS-95 reverse link, which represents a coded system, is also considered. The simulation results show that the MSD receiver is about 0.5 dB better than the conventional symbol-by-symbol detector in both the additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channels. Finally, reduced-complexity MSD receivers with little performance degradation are also presented in this paper.