gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated usage of distributed sources for energy cost saving in micro-grid (2011)

The integration of renewable energy generation into the electric grid is difficult, because of the source intermittency and inconsistency with energy usage. This situation can be improved through a system with energy-storage devices and distributed generators that not only mitigates fluctuations in generation and supply, but also reduces cost. In this paper we present application of energy source control and distributed generator planning in a small micro-grid system to improve energy usage efficiency and cost reduction. The optimized planning strategy is obtained using optimum energy storage and generation scheduling. Three scheduling methods, using real-time actual electricity usage and price, one-day-ahead prediction values and Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods are tested and their performances are compared. Results show that significant cost saving could be achieved with proper planning and coordination of various energy supply sources.
A VHDL standard package for logic modeling (1990)

A package facility that enables designers to write models intuitively, without being forced to work with the underlying complexity and verboseness of the base VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language), is described. The VHDL environment handles all technology-dependent calculations automatically and drops in the lookup tables and utility function code as appropriate. In addition, the VHDL package facility automatically inserts the bus-resolution function where required, avoiding any need for the hardware designer to code or see this complex function. The package conforms strictly to the IEEE 1076-1987 specification and is therefore portable to a wide range of VHDL environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic linkage of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa to the type VII collagen gene. (1992)

Generalized mutilating recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is characterized by extreme skin fragility owing to loss of dermal-epidermal adherence. Immunohistochemical studies have implicated type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils, in the etiology of RDEB. In this study, we demonstrate genetic linkage of the type VII collagen gene and the generalized mutilating RDEB phenotype. We first identified a Pvull polymorphic site by digestion of an amplified product of the type VII collagen gene, which was shown to reside within the coding region. Genetic linkage analysis between this marker and the RDEB phenotype in 19 affected families which were informative for this polymorphism showed no recombination events, and gave a maximum lod score of 3.97 at a recombination fraction (theta) of 0, demonstrating that this DNA region is involved in this form of RDEB. These data provide strong evidence that the type VII collagen gene, which has also been linked with the dominant form of the disease, harbors the mutation(s) causing the generalized mutilating form of RDEB in these families, thus underscoring the major functional importance of type VII collagen in basement membrane zone stability.
Ineffectiveness of zinc gluconate nasal spray and zinc orotate lozenges in common-cold treatment: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2006)

We contend that it is unethical to introduce any potentially permanent anosmia-inducing agent such as zinc or other heavy metals into the interior of the nose in a manner that could result in contact with the olfactory region to treat a temporary discomfort such as a common cold or allergy. We found no reason to recommend intranasal zinc gluconate or zinc orotate lozenges in treating common colds.
Designing a List for Word Squares (1996)

In "Bottom Up!" in the February 1993 Word Ways, Eric Albert asserts that searching for word squares with or without a computer is faster if the search is made bottom-up. In "Which Way to the Square?" in the May Word Ways, Richard Sabey contradicts this assertion; he finds that for 8x8 squares from the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (OSPD) top-down is considerably faster.
Carbonylation of Dinitrotoluene to Dimethyl Toluenedicarbamate; High Efficiency of Phosphorus Acids as Promoters for the Palladium‐Phenanthroline Catalytic System (2005)

Abstract Phosphorus acids are excellent promoters for the palladium‐phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene to 2,4‐toluenedicarbamate. For the first time, all intermediate nitrocarbamates and aminocarbamates have been independently synthesized and their amount after every catalytic reaction precisely quantified. An extensive optimization of all experimental variables has been carried out. The best acids are phenylphosphonic and 4‐tolylphosphonic acids. The addition of 2,2‐dimethoxypropane as an internal drying agent is highly beneficial. The addition of an amine derived from the starting dinitroarene increases both rate and selectivity of the carbonylation reaction. The complexes [Pd(Phen) 2 ] [SbF 6 ] and [Pd(Phen) 2 ][BAr F 4 ] [Ar F =3,5‐(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] have been prepared for the first time. The latter displays a markedly higher solubility than all other [Pd(Phen) 2 ] 2+ complexes. The effect of several possible promoters has also been investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a 77.6% selectivity in dicarbamate was obtained when working at a molar ratio dinitrotoluene/Pd=2920. At the end of the reaction, the dicarbamate spontaneously precipitates out of the solution in high yields upon cooling, with no inclusion of the acid promoter or of phenanthroline. 2,6‐Dinitrotoluene can also be efficiently carbonylated to the corresponding dicarbamate.
Some Techniques for Sensitive Magnetic Measurements Using Superconducting Circuits and Magnetic Shields (1967)

A new superconducting circuit has been used in a sensitive magnetic susceptibility apparatus to detect changes in magnetic susceptibility as small as 10−10 cgs/g in a 104 Oe field, and in a low field magnetometer with which magnetic fields as low as 5×10−7 Oe have been measured. A low field superconducting shield for testing sensitive magnetometers has been developed and used to provide stable magnetic fields of less than 10−6 Oe, maintained stably for as long as six days. The measured attenuation of externally applied axial field changes is shown to be a factor of about 31 per shield radius. The stability of the persistent field of a Nb-25% Zr superconducting solenoid, observed over an 8 h period, indicated an average drift in the persistent solenoid field of less than one part in 1010/sec. Also, the attenuation of various high field magnetic shields of Nb-25% Zr foil was measured.
The Danish Cell Project - Part 2: Verification of Control Approach via Modeling and Laboratory Tests (2007)

This paper presents a two prong approach to the validation of the cell controller being developed for advanced grid management in the presence of significant renewable and distributed generation embedded within distribution networks. A laboratory with configurable distributed generation sources, utility load simulators, wind turbine simulators, and high speed frequency and voltage compensators is used for physically validating the operation of the controller. The controls are then embedded within a network modeling and simulation tool for validating the operation of the controller against physical lab experiments. Once the software simulation and lab experiments provide consistent results, the solution can be scaled up for field deployment.
COBRA: Contrastive Bi-Modal Representation Algorithm (2020)

There are a wide range of applications that involve multi-modal data, such as cross-modal retrieval, visual question-answering, and image captioning. Such applications are primarily dependent on aligned distributions of the different constituent modalities. Existing approaches generate latent embeddings for each modality in a joint fashion by representing them in a common manifold. However these joint embedding spaces fail to sufficiently reduce the modality gap, which affects the performance in downstream tasks. We hypothesize that these embeddings retain the intra-class relationships but are unable to preserve the inter-class dynamics. In this paper, we present a novel framework COBRA that aims to train two modalities (image and text) in a joint fashion inspired by the Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) and Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) paradigms which preserve both inter and intra-class relationships. We empirically show that this framework reduces the modality gap significantly and generates a robust and task agnostic joint-embedding space. We outperform existing work on four diverse downstream tasks spanning across seven benchmark cross-modal datasets.
Fast Adaptation in Generative Models with Generative Matching Networks (2016)

Despite recent advances, the remaining bottlenecks in deep generative models are necessity of extensive training and difficulties with generalization from small number of training examples. We develop a new generative model called Generative Matching Network which is inspired by the recently proposed matching networks for one-shot learning in discriminative tasks. By conditioning on the additional input dataset, our model can instantly learn new concepts that were not available in the training data but conform to a similar generative process. The proposed framework does not explicitly restrict diversity of the conditioning data and also does not require an extensive inference procedure for training or adaptation. Our experiments on the Omniglot dataset demonstrate that Generative Matching Networks significantly improve predictive performance on the fly as more additional data is available and outperform existing state of the art conditional generative models.
Steering vector errors and diagonal loading (2004)

Diagonal loading is one of the most widely used and effective methods to improve robustness of adaptive beamformers. The authors consider its application to the case of steering vector errors, i.e. when there exists a mismatch between the actual steering vector of interest and the presumed one. More precisely, the problem addressed is that of optimally selecting the loading level with a view to maximising the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in the presence of steering vector errors. First, an expression is derived for the optimal loading for a given steering vector error and it is shown that this loading is negative. Next, random steering errors are considered and the optimal loading is averaged with respect to the probability density function of the steering vector errors, yielding a very simple expression for the average optimal loading. Numerical simulations attest to the validity of the analysis and show that diagonal loading with the derived optimal loading factor provides a performance close to optimum.
Transducer‐based evaluation of tremor (2016)

The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society established a task force on tremor that reviewed the use of transducer-based measures in the quantification and characterization of tremor. Studies of accelerometry, electromyography, activity monitoring, gyroscopy, digitizing tablet-based measures, vocal acoustic analysis, and several other transducer-based methods were identified by searching PubMed.gov. The availability, use, acceptability, reliability, validity, and responsiveness were reviewed for each measure using the following criteria: (1) used in the assessment of tremor; (2) used in published studies by people other than the developers; and (3) adequate clinimetric testing. Accelerometry, gyroscopy, electromyography, and digitizing tablet-based measures fulfilled all three criteria. Compared to rating scales, transducers are far more sensitive to changes in tremor amplitude and frequency, but they do not appear to be more capable of detecting a change that exceeds random variability in tremor amplitude (minimum detectable change). The use of transducer-based measures requires careful attention to their limitations and validity in a particular clinical or research setting. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
<title>Interfaces for emergent semantics in multimedia databases</title> (1998)

In this paper, we introduce our approach to multimedia database interfaces. Although we deal mainly with image databases, most of the ideas we present can be generalized to other types of data. We argue that, when dealing with complex data, such as images, the problem of access must be redefined along different lines than text databases. In multimedia databases, the semantics of the data is imprecise, and depends in part on the user's interpretation. This observation made us consider the development of interfaces in which the user explores the database rather than querying it. In this paper, we give a brief justification of our position and present the exploratory interface, which we have developed for our image database El Nino.
Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnancy (2017)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to mother-to-child transmission during the perinatal period remains an important global health problem. Despite standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine in neonates, up to 8.5% of newborns still acquire HBV infection. Thus, management of chronic HBV during pregnancy and strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission are important steps in eradicating or reducing the global burden of chronic HBV infection. To date, the management of HBV infection in pregnancy still needs careful attention because of some controversial aspects, including the influence of pregnancy on the course of HBV replication, safety of antiviral prophylaxis with nucleus(t)ide analogs, postpartum flares of hepatitis after delivery, and the safety of breastfeeding. In this review, we highlight these important issues of preventive strategies in the perinatal period.
Publisher's Note (2010)

Dr. Dorothy Pringle has completed her time as editor-in-chief of this journal. She would now like some time to herself and time with her family. In predictable fashion, she has prepared her successor well, and we can build on her work and her reputation in the years to come. We will sorely miss her.
One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer (2014)

A facile and one pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles with narrow size distributions using silver nitrate and a copolymer 1 from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and mono-(1H-triazolylmethyl)-2-methylacryl-β-cyclodextrin acting as reductant and stabilizer without using any additional reducing agent is reported. The reduction was carried out in aqueous solution under pH neutral conditions at room temperature. The results of dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy show adjustable particle sizes from 30-100 nm, due to variation of silver nitrate concentration, the polymeric reducing and stabilisation agent concentration or reaction time. The spherical structure of the silver nanoparticles has been confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the nanoparticles have also been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy. The formed spherical particles are stable in aqueous medium at room temperature over a period of several weeks. Furthermore the changes in the optical properties of the nanoparticles due to thermo induced volume phase transition behavior of the thermoresponsive cyclodextrin containing polymer 1 have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy.
The effect of link protein on proteoglycan aggregate structure. An electron microscopic study of the molecular architecture and dimensions of proteoglycan aggregates reassembled from the proteoglycan monomers and link proteins of bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. (1984)

Proteoglycan monomer and link protein were prepared from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. Proteoglycan aggregates were reassembled from proteoglycan monomers and hyaluronic acid in the presence or in the absence of link protein at pH 7 and at pH 5. The proteoglycan solutions were spread on nitrocellulose films and examined by electron microscopy. At pH 7, the aggregates formed in the presence of link protein showed dramatic differences in their dimensions, compared with the link protein-free aggregates. The link protein-containing aggregates were five times longer and contained three times as many monomers per aggregates. The mean distance between monomers was twice as long and the spacing between monomers was more regular in the link protein-containing aggregates. Essentially the same differences between link protein-free and link protein-containing proteoglycan aggregates were observed at pH 5. These results show that link protein increases proteoglycan aggregate size by facilitating the binding of more monomers to hyaluronic acid and influences the spacing of monomers along hyaluronic acid chains.
Software Verification and Validation Technologies and Tools (2019)

Software quality matters-more than ever. Software has become the most crucial infrastructure in this century. All businesses is software businesses because they based their operations and services in the Internet of Things, business intelligence (BI), artificial intelligence, cloud computing, social networks, and so forth. Classic IT and embedded systems are converging toward ubiquitous software. Systems will be connected and thus increasingly missing critical. The digital transformation across industries depends on systems performing according to their requirements and needs. This importance of software quality has grown considerably over recent years.
Manifestation of Berry's Phase in Metal Physics (1999)

It is shown that in crystals the semiclassical quantization condition for energy levels of electrons in the magnetic field depends on Berry's phase. When the electron orbit links to the band-contact line of the metal (i.e., surrounds it), Berry's phase is nonzero and the quantization condition differs from that commonly used. This result is closely analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm's effect provided the band-contact line plays the role of the infinitely thin ``solenoid'' with the fixed ``magnetic flux.'' The predicted effect must manifest itself in oscillation phenomena for a number of metals.
Catalyst Study of the Knoevenagel Condensation. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalyst Study of the Knoevenagel Condensation.Franklin S. Prout, Ata A. Abdel-Latif, and Marwan R. KamalCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1963, 8, 4, 597–599Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60019a037https://doi.org/10.1021/je60019a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1115Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Markov Clustering (MCL) based thread grouping and thread selection (2009)

Computing workload distribution is indispensable for resource sharing, cycle stealing and other modes of interaction in distributed systems and grids. Computations should be arranged to adapt the capacity variation of system resources. Although computational migration is the essential mechanism for move computing tasks around, the decision making of which task should be relocated is even more critical, especially when multithreaded parallel programs are involved. Multiple threads might be treated as a partial workload and moved together. Based on thread similarity and the Markov cluster algorithm (MCL), this paper proposes a novel thread grouping algorithm, Markov cluster grouping (MCG), to classify threads into hierarchical thread groups, some of which can be picked by the proposed thread selection scheme, Markov cluster selection (MCS) for load distribution. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the grouping algorithm for parallel workload distribution.
Familial Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism): Craniofacial and psychological characteristics (1985)

Most reported cases of Sotos syndrome are sporadic, but autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns have been suggested. Ascertainment of a two-generation family through a 7-year-old proposita with a learning disability allowed the relatively unbiased study of two affected relatives. Developmental delay was not pronounced in the patient's mother or sister; craniofacial characteristics at variance with the characteristic description included acrocephaly and maxillary prominence. Steepness of the anterior cranial base angle and protrusion of the middle and lower face, shown in all three patients by cephalometric radiographs, deserve further evaluation as diagnostic criteria.
Erratum: ‘‘Wind-instrument reflection function measurements in the time domain’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. <b>99</b>, 2370–2381 (1996)] (1996)

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Transcription profiles of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at different temperatures (2003)

Applying microarray technology, we have investigated the transcriptome of the small bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at three different temperature conditions: 32, 37 and 32 degrees C followed by a heat shock for 15 min at 43 degrees C, before isolating the RNA. From 688 proposed open-reading frames, 676 were investigated and 564 were found to be expressed (P < 0.001; 606 with P < 0.01) and at least 33 (P < 0.001; 77 at P < 0.01) regulated. By quantitative real-time PCR of selected mRNA species, the expression data could be linked to absolute molecule numbers. We found M.pneumoniae to be regulated at the transcriptional level. Forty-seven genes were found to be significantly up-regulated after heat shock (P < 0.01). Among those were the conserved heat shock genes like dnaK, lonA and clpB, but also several genes coding for ribosomal proteins and 10 genes of unassigned functions. In addition, 30 genes were found to be down-regulated under the applied heat shock conditions. Further more, we have compared different methods of cDNA synthesis (random hexamer versus gene-specific primers, different RNA concentrations) and various normalization strategies of the raw microarray data.
GABA in the Endocrine Pancreas (2004)

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a principal nonpeptidal neurotransmitter with a well-characterized role as an inhibitor of neuronal firing in the CNS ([Cherubini et al., 1991][1]; [Thomas-Reetz and De Camilli, 1994][2]). GABA is also found in other tissues, such as the endocrine pancreas ([Thomas-