gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling arbitrary photon-added or photon-subtracted squeezed states is in the same complexity class as boson sampling (2015)

Boson sampling is a simple model for nonuniversal linear optics quantum computing using far fewer physical resources than universal schemes. An input state comprising vacuum and single-photon states is fed through a Haar-random linear optics network and sampled at the output by using coincidence photodetection. This problem is strongly believed to be classically hard to simulate. We show that an analogous procedure implements the same problem, using photon-added or -subtracted squeezed vacuum states (with arbitrary squeezing), where sampling at the output is performed via parity measurements. The equivalence is exact and independent of the squeezing parameter, and hence provides an entire class of quantum states of light in the same complexity class as boson sampling.
Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates:  An Asymmetric Claisen Surrogate (2004)

[reaction: see text] The combination of catalytic palladium(0) and Trost ligand provides an effective catalyst for the rearrangement of allyl beta-ketoesters. The mechanism of the transformation involves formation of pi-allyl palladium intermediates which undergo enantioselective attack by ketone enolates. Decarboxylation of beta-ketocarboxylates allows regiospecific generation of enolates under extremely mild conditions.
Antiprotozoan Drugs (2009)

Abstract Parasitic diseases caused by unicellular protozoa account for a huge burden of morbidity, mortality and economic deprivation across the globe. Current drugs for the treatment of such infections, particularly malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, are inadequate and new therapies are being sought. A review of currently available therapies for protozoal infections of medical importance is presented. Potential new treatments in the drug development pathway are also discussed. There are no registered vaccines available for any protozoal diseases, and only in the case of malaria are there candidate vaccines that have passed beyond Phase I clinical trials. Key concepts Understand the worldwide problem of parasitic protozoa and how they cause disease. Understand the range of treatments available and which is best for a specific disease. Understand the range of antimalarials available and their basic history. Understand the limited treatment options available against other coccidian parasites such as Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium . Understand the therapies available for trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Understand the new therapies against parasitic protozoa currently under development. Understand the various options available in the design and development of vaccines against malaria and other parasitic protozoa.
An anycast-based P2P routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

With the increasing popularity of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), it becomes a challenge to integrate peer-to-peer (P2P) technique into MANETs efficiently. This paper proposes to integrate anycast routing technique to mobile P2P networks to reduce overhead and optimize query lookup service. We propose a novel anycast-based mobile P2P routing protocol for MANETs, called AMPP, which integrates Chord and anycast routing protocol at the network layer in highly dynamic MANETs. Our simulation results show that integrating anycast routing technique to mobile P2P network can reduce query lookup cost and improve network performance.
OX40 costimulation can abrogate Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cell‐mediated suppression of antitumor immunity (2009)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immunological tolerance that is one of the main obstacles to overcome for improving antitumor immunity. Recently, the Treg has been shown to constitutively express OX40 (CD134), which is a member of the TNF-receptor family that is transiently expressed on effector T cells after TCR triggering, and through which the signal enhances effector T-cell proliferation and memory T-cell development. However, little is known about the role of OX40 costimulation to Tregs in tumor immunology. Here we show that OX40 signaling modulates the function of naturally occurring Tregs in vitro and in vivo. Foxp3 expression on Tregs was reduced by OX40 costimulation, but not by IL-2 stimulation. Tregs suppressed the proliferation of naïve CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells after TCR triggering, in contrast, OX40 costimulated Tregs that reduced Foxp3 expression reversed the suppressive function. In addition, Tregs inhibited the proliferation of TCR-stimulated (primed) CD4(+) T cells and naïve CD8(+) T cells after TCR-mediated activation, however, Tregs with OX40 costimulation lost their suppressive function. Interestingly, Tregs minimally suppressed the proliferation or the cytokine secretion of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells after Ag-restimulation. Furthermore, Tregs suppressive function to the antitumor effect was reversed by OX40 costimulation in vivo. Our data indicate that, in addition to controlling effector T-cell function, OX40 costimulation directly controls Treg-mediated suppression in tumor immunity.
Alternative Non‐Immune F(ab')<sub>2</sub>‐Mediated Immunoglobulin Binding to Group C and G Streptococci (1983)

We tested 140 bacterial strains representing 19 different species for binding of purified radiolabelled F(ab')2 fragments prepared by pepsin digestion of polyclonal and monoclonal human IgG. Both polyclonal and monoclonal F(ab')2 fragments showed positive binding to group C and G streptococci with maximum uptake levels of 50% and 85%. Binding was obtained both with fresh bacteria and with organisms stabilized by heat treatment. F(ab')2 fragments of two human IgG1 myeloma proteins with anti-staphylolysin specificity showed a similar binding pattern. IgG present in normal human serum inhibited the uptake of F(ab')2 fragments, whereas albumin and fibrinogen and purified Fc fragments prepared by papain digestion of polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgG1 did not show such capacity. Fourteen human myeloma proteins representing IgA, IgM and the four IgG subclasses were tested for inhibiting capacity. Reactivity was noted with at least one myeloma protein within each IgG subclass but not with IgA or with IgM monoclonal proteins. Normal rabbit serum was as inhibitory as normal human serum, whereas dog serum was less reactive. These data demonstrate that group C and G streptococci carry a heat-stable surface component interacting with the F(ab')2 portion of the IgG molecule. The results suggest that the reactive site on the immunoglobulin molecule may reside in the more constant part of the variable domain. This new reactivity is different from the previously known non-immune reaction involving the IgG Fc portion. This alternative non-immune reactivity is analogous to but distinct from the alternative protein A reaction in Staphylococcus aureus.
[A new lymph node imaging agent--99mTc-polyphase liposome oleatis (99mTc-plo)]. (1988)

A new lymph node radio-imaging agent, technetium-99m polyphase liposome oleatis (99mTc-plo), has recently been developed. Polyphase liposome oleatis was labelled with radionuclide by stannous chloride method. The labelled rate was 90% or more as technically identified by thin layer chromatography, external gamma-camera imaging and radioautography. In animal experiment, 0.2-0.3 ml (0.2 mci) of the 99mTc-plo was injected subcutaneously into the toes web of rats. After half an hour, the regional lymph nodes of popliteal fossa were visualized very clearly. The imaging figures may keep their distinct shadow up to 24 hours. The tested rabbits were sacrificed 10 hours after 99mTc-plo injection for detecting various kinds of tissue and organ with a scintillation counter. The regional lymph nodes revealed the highest uptake rate of the new agent, 12,116; 1,303; 1,615 times higher than that of the adjacent muscles, liver and spleen, respectively. In clinical experiment, 0.2-0.3 ml (0.5-0.8 mci) of the 99mTc-plo was injected subcutaneously into the toes web of patients. Half an hour later, the lymph nodes of inguinal, external iliac and common iliac regions appeared in sequence. If the new agent is injected perianally, the internal iliac lymph nodes will be seen. No side effect was observed in both types of experiment. This new agent has been tried in rats, rabbits and dogs with similar positive results. The new lymph node imaging technique is simple, safe, reliable and reproducible. This agent, being directed toward the lymph nodes and possessing affinity to cancer cells, is expected to be supplementary method to CT and B-ultrasonography for detecting lymphoid malignancy and lymph node metastasis.
Access Flow Measured During Hemodialysis (1996)

Hemodialysis accesses must supply adequate blood flow to perform hemodialysis and maintain access patency. Access flow (QA) is not measured routinely during hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether access flow changes during hemodialysis and to determine which factors correlate with QA. The authors measured hemodialysis access flow by ultrasound dilution (QA-T) (Transonic HD01 hemodialysis monitor; Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY) and duplex ultrasound, with time-domain correlation (QA-S) (Philips CVI Phillips Medical Systems, Santa Ana, CA) hourly, in 19 patients during hemodialysis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (Fresenius automated blood pressure cuff) and cardiac output (CO) (Transonic hemodialysis monitor; Transonic Systems, Inc.) also were measured sequentially. Using duplex ultrasound, access flow was unchanged. However, it fell 132 +/- 137 ml/m (p < 0.05) by ultrasound dilution in hr 4. Cardiac output fell 586 +/- 840 ml/ m (p < 0.05), and MAP fell 11.9 +/- 13.0 mmHg (p < 0.01). There were small positive correlations between CO and QA (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.32, QA-T; r = 0.27, QA-S; p < 0.05), and between CO and MAP (r = 0.35; p < 0.01). In conclusion, access flow, CO, and MAP decreased modestly during hemodialysis. Further studies are necessary to see if access flow is similar off dialysis, and whether in-line access flow measurements can decrease access thrombosis.
Integrated tool support in object-based environments (2002)

A view-based composition mechanism suited to specifying cooperating environments in terms of groups of previously specified tools is presented. It is argued that this form of composition is more suited to database-centered environments than conventional channel-based composition techniques for the reuse of tools in tool configurations. The composition model, related ideas, limitations and possible extensions to the idea are discussed. An example from the domain of software engineering, where such a mechanism can prove useful, is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional and molecular evidence for P2X receptors in LLC-PK<sub>1</sub>cells (1998)

Extracellular ATP affects a wide variety of cells via purinergic membrane receptors. One class of purinergic receptors, P2X, consists of ATP-gated, calcium-permeable, cation-selective channels. We performed whole cell patch-clamp studies, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) measurements, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine whether P2X receptors are expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. First, in patch-clamp studies, 100 microM ATP depolarized the cell membrane and increased the whole cell conductance of LLC-PK1 cells. This response was dose dependent and inhibited by 100 microM suramin, a P2 receptor antagonist. The ATP-induced conductance was cation selective but did not discriminate between Na+ and K+. ADP, alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP had no effect on the whole cell conductance. Next, 10 microM ATP caused a rapid rise in [Ca2+]i in LLC-PK1 cells. This effect of ATP was inhibited by the absence of extracellular calcium and by suramin but not by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. ADP and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP had little or no effect on [Ca2+]i. Finally, RT-PCR produced a 330-bp fragment from LLC-PK1 cell RNA, whose sequence was 80% identical to the rat P2X1 receptor. We conclude that LLC-PK1 cells express purinergic receptors of the P2X class, which mediate depolarization and calcium entry when activated.
Optimization of blended virtual and actual metrology schemes (2012)

There are two competing costs that occur in off line semiconductor processing metrology. One is the cost of operating the metrology tool, and the other is the loss in terms of processing cost and yield due to the time lapse between the occurrence and the correction of a process fault. Virtual metrology (VM) is an alternative scheme which takes data produced by the processing tool in real time (e.g. plasma etching data during isolation trench formation) and predicts an outcome of the wafer (e.g. critical dimension of the trench) utilizing an empirical model. Although VM prediction quality is not as good as that of conventional metrology, it produces an immediate, low cost prediction for each wafer going through a process. In real life, we envision that practical metrology schemes will involve a synergistic blend of VM and actual metrology, the latter being used for the needed periodic recalibration of the VM empirical model. In this work, we formulate the costs associated with Type I and Type II errors that result from a blended metrology scheme, and propose a general framework that can be used to quickly lead to the optimal design of such schemes given the characteristics of the process in question. We also explore the effects of a faulty process (by means of mean shift) on the cost analysis.
Holistic processing as a hallmark of perceptual expertise for nonface categories including Chinese characters (2012)

Holistic processing has been associated with perceptual expertise in different domains involving faces, cars, fingerprints, musical notes, English words, etc. Curiously Chinese characters are regarded as an exception, as indicated by reduced holistic processing found for experts with the Chinese writing system as compared with novices. We revisit the issue and examine one type of holistic processing, the obligatory attention to all parts of an object, using the composite paradigm from face perception literature. Chinese readers (experts) and non-Chinese readers (novices) matched the target halves of two characters while ignoring the irrelevant halves. We introduced differential response deadlines for experts and novices in order to match their performance level and to avoid ceiling performance for experts. Both experts and novices showed holistic processing, irrespective of the character structure (left-right or top-bottom) or presentation sequence (sequential or simultaneous matching). Experts' holistic processing also showed some sensitivity to the amount of experience with the characters, as it was larger for characters than noncharacters in some situations. Novices, however, did not show a systematic difference, suggesting that their effects were more related to their inefficient decomposition of a novel, complex pattern into parts. The current results, together with other recent findings of holistic processing for English words and musical notes, indicate that the development of holistic processing is not restricted to faces and objects. Instead it may be a general marker of expertise across a wider domain of visual discrimination than previously thought, including alphabetic and nonalphabetic writing systems.
Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization. VI. Synthesis and screening of polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) with varying reactivity in high solids styrene?butyl acrylate?acrylic acid emulsion polymerization (1997)

Several polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) have been used in the semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. Three of the (anionic) surfmers (sodium 11-crotonoyl undecan-1-yl sulfate, sodium 11-methacryloyl undecan-1-sulfate, and sodium sulfopropyl tetradecyl maleate) were prepared in house with purities between 53 and 82%. Physicochemical properties such as the critical micelle concentration, the adsorption isotherm, and the specific adsorption area were determined. The surfmers were then used with constant addition profiles in semicontinuous reactions, and the instantaneous conversions of the main monomers determined. The particle size, amount of coagulum, surface tension, and stability against electrolyte solutions of the latices were evaluated. Films were cast of some of the latices, and the visual appearance and water adsorption were assessed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 183–1820, 1997
Role of ADP‐ribosylation in endothelial signal transduction and prostacyclin production (1992)

ADP-ribosylation of proteins by the enzymatic transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD has been implicated in a number of biological processes. We report that inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation, most notably the novel inhibitor of arginine specific cellular mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase, meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) as well as nicotinamide, L-arginine methyl ester (LAME) and guanyltyramine, inhibit histamine-induced endothelial production of inositol phosphates, release of arachidonic acid and production of prostacyclin (PGI2). Those same responses were unaffected by MIBG when triggered by thrombin or leukotriene C4. These findings suggest that ADP-ribosylation serves a role in histamine-induced production of prostacyclin and imply differences in transduction pathways employed by the different agonists.
The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation (2006)

Bacterial DNA (bactDNA) is present in blood and ascitic fluid (AF) in a third of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, but whether this phenomenon represents episodes of bacterial translocation (BT), strictly considered when culture of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are positive, remains unknown. This study assessed the relationship between bactDNA detection in biological fluids and MLNs and went on to investigate the local and systemic inflammatory status according to its presence. Cirrhosis was induced in rats by ingestion of CCL4. A subgroup of five animals with cirrhosis received norfloxacin (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. MLNs and ascitic and pleural fluids were collected at laparotomy and cultured; samples were collected for identification of bactDNA and measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). BactDNA was detected in MLNs in 12 of 19 animals (63.1%), corresponding in seven cases to culture-positive MLNs, and in five to culture-negative MLNs. BactDNA was detected in biological fluids in 11 of 19 animals (57.9%), and in all cases the same bacteria spp. detected in samples was present in MLNs. BactDNA was not detected in any biological sample from animals receiving norfloxacin. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and NO were similar in culture-positive and culture-negative/bactDNA-positive samples, and significantly higher than those observed in animals with culture-negative/bactDNA-negative MLNs, animals with cirrhosis that were receiving norfloxacin, and controls. In conclusion, the presence of bactDNA in biological fluids in rats with cirrhosis constitutes a marker of BT, and it is associated with a marked inflammatory response, independent of the result of the culture.
Adaptive beamforming for coherent signals and interference (1985)

In this paper we introduce a new adaptive array beam-former able to work well even when the desired signal and the interference are coherent. The present adaptive beamformers fail to operate in these cases. The results of simulations support the theoretical predictions.
Characteristics of the Specific Bacterium Associated With Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) (1977)

The infective stage juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) carry a specific bacterium in the lumen of their pharynx and intestine. The bacterial cells are large, motile, peritrichously flagellated, gram negative, non-sporeforming rods. They are released by the infective-stage juveniles after they reach the hemolymph of susceptible insects. Additional cultural and biological characteristics of the specific bacterium are presented.
The role of complement in the induction of antibody responses. (1983)

To determine the effect of complement on the normal antibody response to T cell-dependent antigens, we immunized normal and C4 deficient guinea-pigs with bacteriophage phi X 174. Following primary immunization with a standard dose (2 X 10(9) PFU/Kg) given intravenously. C4 deficient guinea-pigs produced less antibody than normal guinea-pigs and were unable to maintain measurable antibody levels. Following secondary immunization, antigen clearance of C4 deficient guinea-pigs was delayed and the subsequent antibody response was identical to their primary response without amplification or isotype switch. Increased antigen dose and administration of antigen in adjuvants into footpads improved the responses but did not make them normal. The primary and secondary responses became essentially normal, however, when small amounts of normal guinea-pig serum were given to the deficient animals at the time of the primary (but not the secondary) immunization. We postulate that the contribution of complement to the mature humoral immune response is related to activation of C3. Our data show that antigen initiates a primary immune response. The resultant antigen-antibody complexes interact with complement and are then non-specifically trapped by C3 receptors on dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Thus, antigen is selectively accumulated within the lymphoid organs and in turn 'captures' antigen specific B cells by interaction of the trapped antigen with antigen specific sIg. The approximation of specific lymphoid cells, macrophages and antigen permits generation of specific memory cells and ensures prompt, mature antibody response on subsequent antigen exposure.
Feature based prediction of the perceived and aesthetic properties of visual textures (2008)

Abstract—Texture is an essential factor for human aesthetic perception. We investigate the relationship between computational texture features and the perceived and aesthetic properties of visual textures, obtained from a psychological experiment. We use linear feature selection and neural networks to extract a set of 8 texture features which are capable of predicting 6 perceived and aesthetic properties. Index Terms—texture, perception, aesthetics, feature selection. I.
Control Strategies for Dynamic Systems: Design and Implementation (2001)

Modeling dynamic systems analysis methods for dynamic systems analogue control system performance analogue control system design analogue control system components digital control systems digital control systems performance digital control system design digital control system components advanced design techniques and controllers applied control methods for fluid power systems. Appendices: useful mathematical formulas Laplace transform table general Matlab commands answers to selected problems.
Process scheduling for performance estimation and synthesis of hardware/software systems (2002)

The paper presents an approach to process scheduling for embedded systems. Target architectures consist of several processors and ASICs connected by shared busses. We have developed algorithms for process graph scheduling based on list scheduling and branch and bound strategies. One essential contribution is in the manner in which information on process allocation is used in order to efficiently derive a good quality or optimal schedule. Experiments show the superiority of these algorithms compared to previous approaches like critical path heuristics and ILP based optimal scheduling. An extension of our approach allows the scheduling of conditional process graphs capturing both data and control flow. In this case a schedule table has to be generated so that the worst case delay is minimized.