gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Control of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter INFLUENCE OF THE VAGUS NERVES (1974)

We performed studies in the opossum to define the influence of the vagi in the control of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function. Bilateral vagotomy caused transient sphincter hypertension which was prevented by phentolamine and by atropine. Stimulation of the peripheral end of vagus, after bilateral cervical vagotomy, caused relaxation of the LES over a wide range of frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation. The relaxation was less marked at the lower frequencies of stimulation, and atropine treatment did not enhance this relaxation. In other experiments, atropine treatment reversed the rise in gastric (fundic) pressure with the vagal stimulation, but atropine did not enhance the degree of LES relaxation. Stimulation of the central end of the vagus caused an increase in LES pressure due to a centrally mediated reflex; the efferents for this motor response were not present in the vagi, as the reflex contraction persisted after bilateral vagotomy. The LES contraction with the stimulation of the vagal afferents was antagonized by phentolamine as well as by atropine. These studies suggest that: (a) the vagi do not mediate any cholinergic excitatory influences to the LES and the vagal influence of the sphincter is entirely inhibitory; (b) the vagi carry afferent fibres for a centrally mediated neural reflex which contracts the LES, but the efferent path of this reflex arc does not lie in the vagi.
Wide-range tuning of polymer microring resonators by the photobleaching of CLD-1 chromophores (2004)

We present a simple and effective method for the postfabrication trimming of optical microresonators. We photobleach CLD-1 chromophores to tune the resonance wavelengths of polymer microring resonator optical notch filters. A maximum wavelength shift of -8.73 nm is observed. The resonators are fabricated with a soft-lithography molding technique and have an intrinsic Q value of 2.6 x 10(4) and a finesse of 9.3. The maximum extinction ratio of the resonator filters is -34 dB, indicating that the critical coupling condition has been satisfied.
Delivery of high-stability optical and microwave frequency standards over an optical fiber network (2003)

Optical and radio frequency standards located in JILA and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) laboratories have been connected through a 3.45-km optical fiber link. An optical frequency standard based on an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (with an instability of 4 10 14 at 1 s) has been transferred from JILA to NIST and simultaneously measured in both laboratories. In parallel, a hydrogen maser-based radio frequency standard (with an instability of 2.4 10 13 at 1 s) is transferred from NIST to JILA. Comparison between these frequency standards is made possible by the use of femtosecond frequency combs in both laboratories. The degradation of the optical and rf standards that are due to the instability in the transmission channel has been measured. Active noise cancellation is demonstrated to improve the transfer stability of the fiber link.
Lens-based theory of the Lau effect (2000)

A new theoretical model of the Lau effect is presented. The transmittance of a diffraction grating can be expressed in an equivalent form as the sum of transmittances of thin cylindrical lenses. Therefore it is possible to explain the Lau effect on the basis of the well-known imaging properties of lenses. According to the given approach, the Lau fringes are created by overlapped images of the first grating that are formed by a set of lenses corresponding to the second grating in the setup. The theory leads to an exhaustive description of the Lau-effect parameters. In particular, one can indicate the shape of the Lau fringes and localize planes of the fringes dependent on the axial distance between gratings and their periods.
Purification and Characterization of CobT, the Nicotinate-mononucleotide:5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole Phosphoribosyltransferase Enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (1997)

We report the purification and biochemical characterization of the cobalamin biosynthetic enzyme nicotinate-mononucleotide:5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase (CobT) from Salmonella typhimurium. cobT was overexpressed and the protein purified to approximately 97% homogeneity. NH2-terminal sequence analysis confirmed that the protein encoded by cobT was purified. Homogeneous CobT catalyzed the synthesis of N1-(5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. The identity of high performance liquid chromatography-purified product was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. CobT activity was optimal at 45 degrees C and pH 10.0. The apparent Km for nicotinate mononucleotide was 680 microM; the apparent Km for 5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole was less than 10 microM. CobT used nicotinamide mononucleotide as a ribose phosphate donor. CobT phosphoribosylated alternative base substrates including benzimidazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, imidazole, histidine, adenine, and guanine in vitro. The resulting ribotides were incorporated into cobamides that were differentially utilized by methionine synthase (EC 2.1.1.13), ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.7), and 1,2-propanediol dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.28) in vivo. The lack of base substrate specificity by CobT may explain the inability to isolate mutants blocked in the synthesis of 5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole in this bacterium.
Selenium-Bifidobacterium longum as a delivery system of endostatin for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and selective regression of solid tumor (2009)

Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) as a delivery system for endostatin was shown to have definite antitumor effects. Moreover, it was found that the enrichment of selenium was able to enhance the immunity of mice. In order to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of B. longum carrying pBV22210-endostatin (B. longum-En) enriched with selenium (Se-B. longum-En), we determined the biochemical characteristics of Se-B. longum-En. We then investigated its effect on macrophage activity, as well as its inhibitory effect on the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in vitro and the antitumor effects on murine hepatic (H22) tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that Se-B. longum-En exhibited similar biochemical characteristics to that of wild-type B. longum, i.e., Se-B. longum-En strongly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis in rats and inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, Se-B. longum-En showed a definite inhibitory effect of tumor growth when H22 tumor-bearing mice were fed through oral or tail vein delivery. These results suggested that Se-B. longum is able to retain the advantages of wild-type B. longum and be used as a novel gene delivery system for liver cancer gene therapy.
A study of the effects of heat treatment on the physical properties of the carbon black Vulcan 3 (1986)

The changes which occur in the properties of the carbon black Vulcan 3 upon heat treatment in argon at temperatures up to 2700 °C have been investigated. Two important regions of change have been identified as samples are heated to progressively higher temperatures. A change in the polar properties and wettability of the surface, which occurs during pretreatment at temperatures between 1000 and 1150 °C, is inferred from changes in the shape of the water adsorption isotherms and the enthalpies of immersion in water. An enhancement of the surface area, calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm, was observed for samples heated to temperatures between 1035 and 1050 °C. This previously unreported effect has been attributed to the removal of surface complexes creating a limited porosity. An increase in the crystallographic ordering of the carbon, which is demonstrated by changes in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, the surface area and the enthalpies of immersion in n-hexadecane, occurs between 1100 and 2000 °C. Ageing of graphitised carbon samples due to exposure to the atmosphere or to water vapour was observed and may be an important consideration in the use of graphitised carbon blacks as reference adsorbents.
Extracting multi-modal dynamics of objects using RNNPB (2005)

Dynamic features play an important role in recognizing objects that have similar static features in colors and or shapes. This paper focuses on active sensing that exploits dynamic feature of an object. An extended version of the robot, Robovie-IIs, moves an object by its arm to obtain its dynamic features. Its issue is how to extract symbols from various kinds of temporal states of the object. We use the recurrent neural network with parametric bias (RNNPB) that generates self-organized nodes in the parametric bias space. The RNNPB with 42 neurons was trained with the data of sounds, trajectories, and tactile sensors generated while the robot was moving/hitting an object with its own arm. The clusters of 20 kinds of objects were successfully self-organized. The experiments with unknown (not trained) objects demonstrated that our method configured them in the PB space appropriately, which proves its generalization capability.
Vision and touch are automatically integrated for the perception of sequences of events (2006)

The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the integration of sequences of visual and tactile events. Subjects were presented with sequences of visual flashes and tactile taps simultaneously and instructed to count either the flashes (Session 1) or the taps (Session 2). The number of flashes could differ from the number of taps by +/-1. For both sessions, the perceived number of events was significantly influenced by the number of events presented in the task-irrelevant modality. Touch had a stronger influence on vision than vision on touch. Interestingly, touch was the more reliable of the two modalities-less variable estimates when presented alone. For both sessions, the perceptual estimates were less variable when stimuli were presented in both modalities than when the task-relevant modality was presented alone. These results indicate that even when one signal is explicitly task irrelevant, sensory information tends to be automatically integrated across modalities. They also suggest that the relative weight of each sensory channel in the integration process depends on its relative reliability. The results are described using a Bayesian probabilistic model for multimodal integration that accounts for the coupling between the sensory estimates.
Motion analysis and segmentation through spatio-temporal slices processing (2003)

This paper presents new approaches in characterizing and segmenting the content of video. These approaches are developed based upon the pattern analysis of spatio-temporal slices. While traditional approaches to motion sequence analysis tend to formulate computational methodologies on two or three adjacent frames, spatio-temporal slices provide rich visual patterns along a larger temporal scale. We first describe a motion computation method based on a structure tensor formulation. This method encodes visual patterns of spatio-temporal slices in a tensor histogram, on one hand, characterizing the temporal changes of motion over time, on the other hand, describing the motion trajectories of different moving objects. By analyzing the tensor histogram of an image sequence, we can temporally segment the sequence into several motion coherent subunits, in addition, spatially segment the sequence into various motion layers. The temporal segmentation of image sequences expeditiously facilitates the motion annotation and content representation of a video, while the spatial decomposition of image sequences leads to a prominent way of reconstructing background panoramic images and computing foreground objects.
New approaches to the development of adenoviral dendritic cell vaccines in melanoma. (2010)

Considerable research in the field of immunotherapy for melanoma has demonstrated that this tumor type can be responsive to therapeutic immune activation strategies. In early clinical trials, vaccine strategies using dendritic cells (DCs) and adenovirus (Ad) vectors (AdVs) were safe and immunogenic, and induced clinical responses in a minority of patients. Research from the past several years has yielded an improved mechanistic understanding of DC biology, AdV effects on DCs and the crosstalk that occurs between antigen-loaded DCs and specific lymphocyte subsets. This knowledge base is being combined with technological advances in cytokine delivery, AdV design and in vivo DC targeting. These developments are leading to novel AdV-transduced DC-based therapeutic modalities that may further advance melanoma immunotherapy. Interactions between AdVs and DCs, initial clinical trial results, and new developments in DC engineering and in AdV biology are reviewed.
Changes in thermal properties of isotactic polypropylene with different additives during aging process (2014)

Polymer degradation is a change in the properties of a polymer under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light, humidity or chemicals. These changes may be undesirable, such as changes during use, or desirable, as in biodegradation or deliberately lowering the molecular weight of a polymer. A series of composites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has been obtained by the melt intercalation by introducing certain additive into the molten polymer matrix using a twin-screw extruder. The effect of additives (multi-wall carbon nanotubes as nanofiller, montmorillonites, pigments) on the process of isotactic polypropylene degradation, thermal stability, the characteristic temperatures (of melting and crystallization) during the aging process were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A additives affect the degradation mechanism and consequently change thermal stability of iPP (the most stable are samples with addition of carbon nanotubes). The additives also affect the crystallization of polypropylene and thus the crystallization temperature and crystallinity index of the base material.
MRI of cells and mice at 1 and 7 Tesla with Gd‐targeting agents: when the low field is better! (2011)

Tumor cells were targeted with Gd-loaded/LDL (low density lipoproteins) adducts consisting of ca 300 Gd(III) amphiphilic complexes incorporated in the lipophilic LDL particles. The long reorientational time of the Gd(III) complex in the supramolecular adduct yielded a relaxivity peak at ca 1 T, whereas its relaxivity at 7 T was 5 times less. The field-dependent relaxivity markedly affected the signal enhancement attainable at the two magnetic fields. As tumor cells showed up-regulation of LDL transporters, B16 melanoma cells were labeled with the Gd-loaded/LDL adduct. Each cell contained ca 2 × 10(9) Gd atoms. Upon dispersion of 5000 labeled cells in 1 μl of agar, signal intensity (SI) enhancements of about 30 and 7% were observed at 1 and 7 T, respectively. The results obtained on cellular systems were confirmed in vivo upon the administration of Gd-loaded/LDL particles to C57 mice bearing a transplanted melanoma (B16) tumor. From the herein reported results, one may conclude that, for slowly moving Gd complexes, it is possible to obtain in vivo sensitivity enhancements at 1 T several times higher than that attained at high fields.
Self-Assembly of Small Gold Colloids with Functionalized Gold Nanorods (2006)

We present a general strategy to stabilize gold nanorod suspensions with mono- and bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to attach a controlled number of nanoparticles or biomolecules. Characterization by gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical dark-field microscopy show the specific binding of functionalized nanorods to their target while avoiding nonspecific binding to substrates, matrices, and other particles. Such nanorods are well suited for self-assembly of nanostructures and single-molecule labeling.
A Framework of Truck Overload Intelligent Monitoring System (2011)

In this paper, we propose a systematic framework of truck overload intelligent monitoring system under the concept of internet of things (IOT) to solve the truck's ever-increasing serious overload problem in China. First the overviews of general concept of IOT and its Chinese version, Sensing China, are introduced to provide the background information. Next, the serious truck overload problem in China is explained in details including data summary of casualties and monetary cost caused by overload. Then, to solve the problem, we design a framework of intelligent system which can monitor truck's load information in real time. The proposed system includes the weight sensors installed in vehicles, wireless transformation device sending data to the GPS installed in driver's cab, and remote control terminal to receive and process the information sent by the GPS. The suggested system provides an effective approach to prevent truck overload during the transportation.
Leading-Edge Endwall Suction and Midspan Blowing to Reduce Turbomachinery Losses (2010)

A turbine cascade flow control scheme was implemented to simultaneously mitigate secondary fiowfield losses using leading-edge endwall suction and spanwise profile losses using vortex generator jet blowing. A proof-of-concept study was performed with a faired cylinder protruding normal from a flat plate. The application of endwall leading-edge suction eliminated the horseshoe-vortex system from the symmetry plane and reduced the total pressure losses by ~20%. A similar control scheme was then implemented in a turbine cascade. The high-lift turbine blades were equipped with discrete vortex generator jets to maximize loading while maintaining a separation-free flow. At Re Cx = 25, 000, the wake total pressure losses were dominated by the profile losses (no vortex generator jets). Total pressure data showed that endwall suction eliminated the horseshoe-vortex system but had minimal impact on the wake total pressure losses at both Re Cx = 25, 000 and 50,000. Simultaneous application of vortex generator jets and leading-edge suction, with matching mass flow rates, reduced the wake losses by 68 % at low Re Cx· The horseshoevortex system was shown to play a secondary role to the passage vortex in total-pressure-loss generation near the endwall.
<i>Nucleotide sequence of the</i>fabE gene and flanking regions containing a bent DNA sequence of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the fabE gene and flanking regions containing a bent DNA sequence of Escherichia coli Get access Shuji Muramatsu, Shuji Muramatsu Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya UniversityChikusa-ku Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takeshi Mizuno Takeshi Mizuno * Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya UniversityChikusa-ku Nagoya 464, Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, 25 May 1989, Page 3982, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.10.3982 Published: 25 May 1989 Article history Received: 12 April 1989 Published: 25 May 1989
A broadband wireless packet technique based on coding, diversity, and equalization (1998)

The choice of an air interface technique to enable broadband wireless communications has been the subject of extensive research. This article describes an air interface for 2 Mb/s wireless mobile packet data services. The key enabling technique is a reduced-complexity broadband equalizer which provides a delay spread tolerance of up to 50 μs. The proposed air interface emphasizes high packet throughput, robust performance, low packet overhead, and low-cost low-power VLSI implementation.
pH-Responsive Reversibly Swellable Nanotube Arrays (2009)

We demonstrate a technique for synthesizing substrate-bound arrays of submicrometer-sized reversibly swellable tubes by using porous templates. The sacrificial template approach allows straightforward control over the tube length, diameter, and lateral arrangement of the resultant surface-bound nanotubes. We also explored methods for varying the tube opening structure by altering the pore shape at the surface of the template. A specific PEM system composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) was chosen as the building block for the nanotube arrays because of its ability to undergo pH-triggered swelling-deswelling transitions. The activation of this transition results in dramatic changes in the length and diameter of the nanotubes as characterized in situ via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH-driven reversible swelling-deswelling and nanoporosity behavior observed with planar films and nanotubes of this PEM system is a direct consequence of the breaking and reforming of ionic cross-links.
Studies on Antibacterial Peptide. XVII. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Cyclic &alpha;-Acylpentapeptides related to Colistin. VI (1983)

Four kinds of α-acyl-Lys-cyclo (-Lys-Thr-Lys-D-Leu-) were synthesized to investigate the relationship between the chemical structure and the antibacterial activities by acylation of the corresponding cyclic pentapeptides. Acyl chlorides of (+)-6-methyloctanoic acid (a component of colistin) and three kinds of other organic acid were employed as acylating agents. It was proved that the α-(±)-3, 7-dimethyloctanoyl-Lyscyclo (-Lys-Thr-Lys-D-Leu-) in them shows the strongest antibacterial activities, and that these compounds have stronger antibacterial activities against gram-negative bacteria than the corresponding liner acylpentapeptides.
High-speed CMOS I/O buffer circuits (1992)

Very high-speed off-chip data rates have been difficult to achieve in CMOS technologies. An all-CMOS set of I/O buffer circuits, which use current-mode and impedance matching techniques, capable of transmitting off-chip at 1-Gb/s data rates is described. The circuits are also compatible with voltage-mode signal levels for ECL input and MOS output circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses, Second Edition (2014)

The Art of Game Design guides you through the design process step-by-step, helping you to develop new and innovative games that will be played again and again. It explains the fundamental principles of game design and demonstrates how tactics used in classic board, card and athletic games also work in top-quality video games.

Good game design happens when you view your game from as many perspectives as possible, and award-winning author Jesse Schell presents over 100 sets of questions to ask yourself as you build, play and change your game until you finalise your design.

This latest third edition includes examples from new VR and AR platforms as well as from modern games such as Uncharted 4 and The Last of Us, Free to Play games, hybrid games, transformational games, and more.

Whatever your role in video game development an understanding of the principles of game design will make you better at what you do. For over 10 years this book has provided inspiration and guidance to budding and experienced game designers - helping to make better games faster.