gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photo-nanoimprinting using SOFT (sample on flexible thruster) stage (2005)

In the photo-nanoimprinting, the base layer thickness decreases with imprint pressure and imprint time; however, the decreasing speed becomes very slow when the polymer thickness is below several hundred nm. The simple idea for resulting in thin base layer is supplying enough small amount of polymer (i.e., small droplet(s) or thin film). In the droplets system, a mold is soaked with the polymer by capillary action. The soaking action results air evacuation and the soaking time limits the process speed as presented in Chen et al. (2004). In the thin film system, no soaking time is required but it is quite difficult to bring a mold in full contact with the polymer so as not to catch air since the surfaces of the mold and the polymer are uneven. To solve the problem, we developed a novel sample stage, which equips wafer warp function, compatible to such a thin initial polymer thickness.
Roles for ClpXP in regulating the circadian clock in <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> (2018)

In cyanobacteria, the KaiABC posttranslational oscillator drives circadian rhythms of gene expression and controls the timing of cell division. The Kai-based oscillator can be reconstituted in vitro, demonstrating that the clock can run without protein synthesis and degradation; however, protein degradation is known to be important for clock function in vivo. Here, we report that strains deficient in the ClpXP1P2 protease have, in addition to known long-period circadian rhythms, an exaggerated ability to synchronize with the external environment (reduced "jetlag") compared with WT strains. Deletion of the ClpX chaperone, but not the protease subunits ClpP1 or ClpP2, results in cell division defects in a manner that is dependent on the expression of a dusk-peaking factor. We propose that chaperone activities of ClpX are required to coordinate clock control of cell division whereas the protease activities of the ClpXP1P2 complex are required to maintain appropriate periodicity of the clock and its synchronization with the external environment.
Large granular lymphocytes or “Pit cells” from rat liver: isolation, ultrastructural characterization and natural killer activity (1987)

Considerable numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were isolated from rat liver by a simple method consisting of sinusoidal lavage at elevated (50 cm water column) perfusion pressure. This method gave a yield comparable with the enzymatic dissociation method commonly used for the isolation of nonparenchymal liver cells, but was shorter in time and had the advantage of avoiding the potentially harmful effects of the dissociating enzymes. The isolated LGL were highly cytotoxic against YAC-1 lymphoma cells and this cytolytic activity was blocked by treatment of the effector cells with an antibody against natural killer cells (anti-asialo GM1). We characterized the hepatic LGL as nonphagocytic, nonadherent, peroxidase-negative and acid phosphatase-positive cells which could be enriched in the low-density fraction of a Percoll gradient. At the light microscopic level, they showed characteristic azurophilic granules which corresponded to strongly osmiophilic granules with a specific morphology in electron microscopy. It is concluded that these LGL are identical to the "pit cells" which were formerly described by electron microscopy in situ as normal components of the liver sinusoids and which are easily recognized by their fine structure. It is also proposed that the liver may represent one of the major natural killer organs.
Wigner algebra as a tool for the design of achromatic optical processing systems (2000)

Achromatic optical processing systems can perform a variety of operations with temporally incoherent (polychromatic) light, without color blurring. The system design is a complicated task, since usually the scale at the output depends on the wavelength. The design goal is to eliminate this scale dependence as well as two other wavelength- dependent defects. Such a goal is generally achieved by modifying lens design procedures. Here we do it in a different manner. Specifically, we resort to matrix algebra, applied to the Wigner distribution function. The resulting Wigner matrix includes elements that characterize wavelength- dependent parameters of the optical systems. Such a characterization provides a clear insight into what is needed to reduce the wavelength dependence, and indeed achieve the achromatization of the systems. This design approach is valid with either wave optics or geometrical optics. The basic principles and specific design examples of achromatic optical Fourier transformers and Fourier processing systems with low chromatic aberrations over the entire visible spectrum are presented. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)02311-4)
Acoustic shaping - Application to space based construction (2000)

Previous work has shown” the formation 6f solid particles into thin walls of specified shape using a resonant acoustic field in microgravity. Here these results are summarized, and extended to study the qualitative effects of liquid addition and melting/ solidification in the acoustic field. Pure liquid forms into sheets, even in the 1 -g environment, due to the static pressure differences in the resonant chamber; however these sheets exhibit instabilities, and shatter into droplets. Stable thin walls are formed from liquid with suspended powder in l-g. With some adjustment of the frequency, the use of processes involving heating, cooling and phase changes are seen to be feasible. The implications of these findings to non-contact manufacturing and construction in space are discussed. INTRODUCTION The focus of this effort is on constructing complex shapes from raw materials using an acoustic field. A long-term goal is to develop construction technology, where materials obtained from lowgravity environments such as the moon or‘asteroids are used to provide the bulk of construction material for space operations. Non-contact, flexible fabrication of components, in this context, would provide an enabling technology for the human exploration and habitation in space. Today the cost of launching payloads into low Earth orbit ranges from $6000 to $25000 per kilogram. Even if this cost comes down to $4000 per kilogram, as projected today, most concepts for developing industry in Space remain infeasible. Space-based manufacturing techniques, using materials derived from low-gravity environments and supplying space-based markets, would provide a long-term solution to this problem. Acoustic shaping deals with the issue of manufacturing components in microgravity with minimal requirements for heavy machinery. Experiments to-date by our group have demonstrated that stable walls of specified shape can be formed, along or parallel to nodal surfaces of a resonant acoustic field, in micro-gravity. Results from flight tests and ground tests show that Copyright 01999 by the authors. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. with permission. the concept of acoustic shaping can be applied to various types of materials, including solid spheres, low-density foam particles, porous organic particles, micron-scale powder, hollow aluminum spheres, and hollow aluminum oxide spheres. Most recently, experiments mixing liquids into the process have shown encouraging results.
E-Peptides Control Bioavailability of IGF-1 (2012)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent cytoprotective growth factor that has attracted considerable attention as a promising therapeutic agent. Transgenic over-expression of IGF-1 propeptides facilitates protection and repair in a broad range of tissues, although transgenic mice over-expressing IGF-1 propeptides display little or no increase in IGF-1 serum levels, even with high levels of transgene expression. IGF-1 propeptides are encoded by multiple alternatively spliced transcripts including C-terminal extension (E) peptides, which are highly positively charged. In the present study, we use decellularized mouse tissue to show that the E-peptides facilitate in vitro binding of murine IGF-1 to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with varying affinities. This property is independent of IGF-1, since proteins consisting of the E-peptides fused to relaxin, a related member of the insulin superfamily, bound equally avidly to decellularized ECM. Thus, the E-peptides control IGF-1 bioavailability by preventing systemic circulation, offering a potentially powerful way to tether IGF-1 and other therapeutic proteins to the site of synthesis and/or administration.
Anomaly Detection Using an Ensemble of Feature Models (2010)

We present a new approach to semi-supervised anomaly detection. Given a set of training examples believed to come from the same distribution or class, the task is to learn a model that will be able to distinguish examples in the future that do not belong to the same class. Traditional approaches typically compare the position of a new data point to the set of "normal" training data points in a chosen representation of the feature space. For some data sets, the normal data may not have discernible positions in feature space, but do have consistent relationships among some features that fail to appear in the anomalous examples. Our approach learns to predict the values of training set features from the values of other features. After we have formed an ensemble of predictors, we apply this ensemble to new data points. To combine the contribution of each predictor in our ensemble, we have developed a novel, information-theoretic anomaly measure that our experimental results show selects against noisy and irrelevant features. Our results on 47 data sets show that for most data sets, this approach significantly improves performance over current state-of-the-art feature space distance and density-based approaches.
Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit, Second Edition (2009)

If your job requires investigating compromised Windows hosts, you must read Windows Forensic Analysis.-Richard Bejtlich, Coauthor of Real Digital Forensics and Amazon.com Top 500 Book ReviewerThe Registry Analysis chapter alone is worth the price of the book.-Troy Larson, Senior Forensic Investigator of Microsoft's IT Security GroupI also found that the entire book could have been written on just registry forensics. However, in order to create broad appeal, the registry section was probably shortened. You can tell Harlan has a lot more to tell.-Rob Lee, Instructor and Fellow at the SANS Technology Institute, coauthor of Know Your Enemy: Learning About Security Threats, 2EAuthor Harlan Carvey has brought his best-selling book up-to-date to give you: the responder, examiner, or analyst the must-have tool kit for your job. Windows is the largest operating system on desktops and servers worldwide, which mean more intrusions, malware infections, and cybercrime happen on these systems. Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit, 2E covers both live and post-mortem response collection and analysis methodologies, addressing material that is applicable to law enforcement, the federal government, students, and consultants. The book is also accessible to system administrators, who are often the frontline when an incident occurs, but due to staffing and budget constraints do not have the necessary knowledge to respond effectively. The book's companion DVD contains significant new and updated materials (movies, spreadsheet, code, etc.) not available any place else, because they are created and maintained by the author. Best-Selling Windows Digital Forensic book completely updated in this 2nd EditionLearn how to Analyze Data During Live and Post-Mortem InvestigationsDVD Includes Custom Tools, Updated Code, Movies, and Spreadsheets!
Authentication platform for seamless handover in heterogeneous environments (2005)

This work tackles the hot issue of user handover from one network to another, or generally from one Radio Access Technology (RAT) to another, in a 4G heterogeneous mobile and wireless environment without the interruption of an ongoing service (seamless handover) with user authentication support. This paper proposes an authenticated seamless handover mechanism and describes the authentication platform for two network environments: an operator with both GPRS and WLAN networks (the user performs a vertical handover). Two different WLAN operators (the user performs a horizontal handover).
Electrothermal analysis of spin-transfer-torque random access memory arrays (2013)

Spin Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for fast, scalable, high-density, nonvolatile memory in nanometer technology. However, relatively high write current density and small volume of the memory device indicate the possibility of significant self-heating in the STTRAM structure. This article performs a critical analysis of the self-heating induced temperature variations in STTRAM. We perform a 3D finite volume method based study to characterize self-heating effect in a single cell. The analysis is extended for STTRAM arrays by developing a computationally efficient RC compact model based thermal analyzer. The analysis shows that self-heating can results in considerable increase in both steady-state value and transient change in temperature of individual cells. The effect is less pronounced at the array level and depends on the activity level, that is, number of active cells within an array size. The analysis further illustrates that self-heating negatively impacts electrical reliability metrics namely, read margin and detection accuracy; degrades cell performance; and modulates energy dissipation.
Susceptibility of members of the family Legionellaceae to thermal stress: implications for heat eradication methods in water distribution systems (1986)

To ascertain the feasibility of heat inactivation as an eradication method applicable to all members of the family Legionellaceae, we tested the heat resistance of 75 isolates which represented 19 members of this family of organisms. The ranges of thermal death times at 60, 70, and 80 degrees C were 1.3 to 10.6, 0.7 to 2.6, and 0.3 to 0.7 min, respectively. These data suggest that the method of heat eradication will be effective against all members of the family Legionellaceae.
Effect of Drying Methods with the Application of Vacuum Microwaves on the Bioactive Compounds, Color, and Antioxidant Activity of Strawberry Fruits (2009)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of vacuum-microwave drying (240, 360, and 480 W) in the production process of dehydrated strawberry and to compare and contrast the quality of these dehydrated strawberries in terms of their polyphenol compounds, concentration of some heat liable components, and color to that of freeze-dried, convective, and vacuum-dried strawberry. Thus, the effect of vacuum-microwave drying and other drying methods on the antioxidant activity of berries was evaluated. Whole fresh and dried fruits were assessed for phenolics (anthocyanins, flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonols), ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity (all parameters were calculated on a dry matter basis). Analysis of data shows that ellagic acid and flavanol changes were affected by drying techniques and cultivar. Drying destroyed anthocyanins, flavanols, and ascorbic acid, and there was a significant decrease in antioxidant activity. The most striking result was that conventional and vacuum drying decreased antioxidant activity in both cultivars, whereas contradictory results were found for vacuum-microwave processed strawberry. This study has demonstrated that vacuum-microwave drying, especially at 240 W, can produce high-quality products, with the additional advantage of reduced processing times, compared to other processes such as freeze-drying.
Minimization of area in low-resistance MOS switches (2002)

Several different layout schemes that are useful for implementing low resistance switches with MOS transistors are discussed and characterized. A comparison of the area required for implementing a switch with a standard alternating bar approach is made with layouts using waffle structures, serpentine structures, and modified waffle structures. Analytical design equations for these non-conventional geometries are introduced. The comparisons show that in typical processes, area reductions of over 40% are readily achievable with the modified waffle structures.
Elecciones costarricenses: lucha por la continuidad (2010)

Las elecciones costarricenses de febrero de 2010 auguran el triunfo del gobernante Partido Liberacion Nacional (PLN) y de su candidata Laura Chinchilla. Sin embargo, la popularidad del presidente Arias muestra algunos signos de deterioro que podrian afectar el resultado electoral. Hace unos meses, la ventaja de la candidata oficialista era mas amplia y esta reduccion esta asociada con una campana negativa de sus adversarios y con el deterioro de un gobierno activista en el logro de objetivos controvertidos, como el tratado de libre comercio con EEUU.

La campana no ha girado sobre temas ideologicos o economicos, sino sobre la situacion de la inseguridad ciudadana, terreno donde el mismo Arias ha admitido que esta en deuda con el pais. Esta situacion ha sido aprovechada principalmente por el candidato libertario Otto Guevara, quien ofreciendo mano dura y �cero tolerancia� ha dado un salto en las encuestas y logra entre un 23% y 30% de respaldo, mientras Chinchilla permanece en el 45%. Los partidos Accion Ciudadana y Socialcristiano no logran superar la barrera del 20% .La sorpresa de Guevara ha residido en una habil articulacion del malestar, utilizando una estrategia populista de identificacion con el temor y la ansiedad del ciudadano.

El otro gran fenomeno de estos comicios lo protagoniza la probable continuacion del esquema multipartidista, dada la tendencia (38%) de los votantes a emitir su voto por diferentes partidos en la eleccion presidencial y en la parlamentaria. De nuevo, Costa Rica debera afrontar los problemas de la gobernanza con un gobierno dividido.
Molecular Recognition of Adenine, Cytosine, and Uracil in a Single-Stranded RNA by a Natural Polysaccharide:  Schizophyllan (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMolecular Recognition of Adenine, Cytosine, and Uracil in a Single-Stranded RNA by a Natural Polysaccharide: SchizophyllanKazuo Sakurai and Seiji ShinkaiView Author Information Chemotransfiguration Project Japan Science and Technology Corporation Kurume Research Center Building, 2432 Aikawa Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 18, 4520–4521Publication Date (Web):April 21, 2000Publication History Received3 January 2000Published online21 April 2000Published inissue 1 May 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0000145https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0000145rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1869Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Carbohydrates,Genetics,Mixtures,Noncovalent interactions Get e-Alerts
Ecrash: debugging without core dumps (2006)

How to use backtrace and a custom library to debug your embedded applications. Embedded Linux does a good job of bridging the gap between embedded programming and high-level UNIX programming. It has a full TCP stack, good debugging tools and great library support. This makes for a feature-rich development environment. There is one downside, however. How can you debug problems that occur out in the field? On full-featured operating systems, it's easy to use a core dump to debug a problem that occurs in the field. On non-embedded UNIX systems, when a program encounters an exception, it outputs all of its current state to a file on the filesystem. This file is usually called core. This core file contains all the memory the program was using at the time the failure occurred. This allows for post-mortem investigation to diagnose the exception. Typically, on embedded Linux systems, there is no (or very little) persistent disk storage. On all of the systems on which I have worked, there is more RAM than persistent storage. So, getting a core dump is impossible. This article describes some alternatives to core dumps that will allow you to perform post-mortem debugging. Programs can fail for reasons other than exceptions. Programs can deadlock, or they can have run-away threads that use up all system resources (memory, CPU or other fixed resources). It also would be beneficial to generate some kind of persistent crash file under these situations.
Wide-bandwidth high-frequency electro-optic modulator based on periodically poled LiNbO3 (2001)

We propose a high-frequency traveling-wave integrated electro-optic modulator based on a periodically poled LiNbO3. The traveling velocity of the optical wave and the electrical wave velocity in the waveguide can be quasimatched due to the periodic structure. Using this design, a modulation frequency of several hundred GHz can be realized. Wide-bandwidth modulation is also achievable by employing an aperiodic domain grating.
Selection of Evodiamine as a Novel Topoisomerase I Inhibitor by Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Hit Optimization of Evodiamine Derivatives as Antitumor Agents (2010)

Human topoisomerase I (TopoI) is recognized as a valuable target for the development of effective antitumor agents. Structure-based virtual screening was applied to the discovery of structurally diverse TopoI inhibitors. From 23 compounds selected by virtual screening, a total of 14 compounds were found to be TopoI inhibitors. Five hits (compounds 1, 14, 20, 21, and 23) also showed moderate to good in vitro antitumor activity. These novel structures can be considered as good starting points for the development of new antitumor lead compounds. Hit 20 (evodiamine) was chosen for preliminary structure-activity relationship studies. Various groups, including alkyl, benzoyl, benzyl and ester, were introduced to the indole nitrogen atom of evodiamine. The substituted benzoyl groups were found to be favorable for the antitumor activity and spectrum. The 4-Cl benzoyl derivative, compound 29u, was the most active one with IC(50) values in the range 0.049-2.6 μM.
Designing an NFS-based mobile distributed file system for ephemeral sharing in proximity networks (2004)

This paper addresses the need Cor ephemeral file sharing in proximity networks and explores the necessary requirements that a mobile distributed file system (M-DFS) should satisfy in order to operate properly under typical conditions of such networks.. We chose an M-DFS design based on the widely deployed NFS because of its ease of portability, lightweight model and its use in the past as a basis for building distributed file systems. To identify NFS shortcomings in proximity networks using B luetooth and 802.11, we measured its performance under various bandwidth and delay combinations, network disconnections, low signal reception zones and in the presence of packet loss. Based on our observations, we present some proposals for the design of an M-DFS suitable for ephemeral sharing and describe a possible prototype implementation using an NFS loopback server approach.