gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear Drive Systems and their Related Technologies. Development of Magnetically Suspended Linear Pulse Motor for Contactless Direct Drive in Vacuum Chamber Robot. (1995)

In the semiconductor manufacturing industries, the demand for semiconductor wafer processes in an ultra-high vacuum chamber is increasing in connection with development of more highly integrated circuits. This may impose severer restrictions on wafer transfer robot with regard to contamination of the vacuum environment. In the severest case, a robot mechanism without use of lubricant, generation of dust particle and release of gases will be necessary. One of advantage methods for realizing such mechanism is to drive robot arm directly without mechanical contact by means of magnetic suspention techniques. For example, it is considered to employ a linear motor and magnetic bearings which are hermetically enclosed in a box-like casing.In this paper, a magnetically suspended linear pulse motor (LPM) is proposed as contactless direct drive mechanism of vacuum chamber robot. Here the major problem is a marked lowering of thrust caused by a broad air gap which must be arranged between stator teeth and mover ones in consideration of the wall thickness of the motor casing. So the LPM is designed to be composed of a pair of flat-type stators and a ladder-like robot arm corresponding to the floating mover so that it can be compensated for the resultant decrease of the ratio of thrust to mover mass. The validity of this approach is examined by the static thrust measurements for a tested LPM, and confirmed through the experiments on the robot arm transfer with a magnetic suspention system.
Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of sputter deposited (111), (100) and random-textured Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>(PZT) thin films (1999)

Abstract Highly textured PZT(111), PZT(001/100) and random PZT films have been grown on Pt and RuO2 bottom electrodes by means of an in-situ, multimagnetron reactive sputtering process with three metal targets (Pb, Zr, Ti). The orientation was varied with the bottom electrode/PZT initial interlayer deposition conditions. Series of 300 nm thick films with varying composition x have been prepared. The Ti and Zr ratio was changed by adjusting the powers of the corresponding targets. The lead content was self stabilized by the process at the deposition temperature of 570°C. Polarization, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were studied. Coercive field, built-in electric field and unswitchable polarization for Ti-rich compositions have been determined by polarisation hysteresis loops.
A Universal Formulation of Sequential Patterns (1999)

This paper proposes a universal formulation of sequential patterns, which unies and generalizes most of the previously proposed formulations such as the generalized patterns proposed by Srikant and Agrawal and episode discovery approach taken by Manilla et al. There are two novel concepts in our proposed formulation. First is the directed acyclic graph representation of the structural and timing constraints of sequential patterns. Second, our approach supplies several dierent ways in which support of a pattern can be dened, each of which can be suitable in specic applications, depending on the user&apos;s perception. We show that by choosing specic combinations of structural constraints, timing constraints, and support counting methods, our formulation can be made identical to most of the existing formulations. The algorithm used to discover these universal sequential patterns is based on a modication of the GSP algorithm proposed by Srikant and Agrawal. Some of these modications are made to take care of the newly introduced timing constraints and pattern restrictions, whereas some modications are made for performance reasons. In the end, we present an application, which illustrates the deciencies of current approaches that can be overcome by the proposed universal formulation. 1
ChemInform Abstract: QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS WITH A LABILE N((+))‐C‐BOND AS DRUG PRECURSORS (1981)

Abstract In folge des stark angewachsenen Interesses an der chemischen Modifizierung von Arzneimitteln zur Bildung sogenannter "precursor"‐Verbindungen, die im Organismus aufgenommen, abgebaut und als Ausgangsverbindung ausgeschieden werden, werden quartäre Alkoxy‐ und Acyloxyderivate verschiedener medizinisch wirksamer Stoffgruppen, die tertiären Stickstoff enthalten, hergestellt, z.B. die Verbindungen (III) aus dem Benzilsäureester (I) durch Umsetzung mit dem Brommethylether (II).
An integrated network for agricultural management applications (2002)

Modern concepts on methods and techniques for the management and control of agricultural systems-such as greenhouse and animal live stocks-claim for the use of computer systems. Tasks like climate, irrigation and nutrient supply must be controlled, in an economically way, to produce the best crop/living conditions. To comply with these objectives, it is necessary to apply adequate control actions as the result of an integrated system that co-ordinates each action according with specific combination of different sensor inputs. Moreover, this control must be often performed from a remote site. This paper describes the design and implementation of an integrated network that links several communications platforms, as different as controller area network (CAN), wireless technology and Transfer Control Protocol-Internet Protocol (TCP-IP). The main goal is to develop a system that guarantees a low-cost, high performance and flexible distributed control system with an increased functionality. The user interacts with this distributed control system using a transparent and intuitive graphical user interface, (GUI) accessible from remote places.
Cavity-QED treatment of scattering-induced free-space excitation and collection in high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>whispering-gallery microcavities (2012)

Whispering-gallery microcavity lasers possess ultralow thresholds, whereas convenient free-space optical excitation and collection suffer from low efficiencies due to their rotational symmetries. Here we analytically study a three-dimensional microsphere coupled to a nanosized scatterer in the framework of quantum optics. It is found that the scatterer is capable of coupling light in and out of the whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) without seriously degrading their high-$Q$ properties, while the microsphere itself plays the role of a lens to focus the input beam on the scatterer and vice versa. Our analytical results show that (1) the high-$Q$ WGMs can be excited in free space, and (2) over $50%$ of the microcavity laser emission can be collected within less than ${1}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. This coupling system holds great potential for low-threshold microlasers free of external couplers.
GoWeb: a semantic search engine for the life science web (2009)

GoWeb's combination of classical Web search with text-mining and ontologies is a first step towards answering questions in the biomedical domain. GoWeb is online at: http://www.gopubmed.org/goweb.
Short Time Fourier Transform Probability Distribution for Time-Frequency Segmentation (2006)

Taking as signal model the sum of a non-stationary deterministic part embedded in a white Gaussian noise, this paper presents the distribution of the coefficients of the short time Fourier transform (STFT), which is used to determine the maximum likelihood estimator of the noise level. We then propose an automatic segmentation algorithm of the real and imaginary parts of the STFT based on statistical features, which is an alternative to the spectrogram segmentations considered as image segmentations. Examples of segmented time-frequency space are presented on a simulated signal and on a dolphin whistle
Extraction of actinides using <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>′, <i>N</i>′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA): a thermodynamic study (2006)

Summary The effect of temperature on the extraction behaviour of Am(III), Pu(IV) and U(VI) from nitric acid medium was studied employing N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) in n -dodecane. The two-phase equilibrium constants (log K ′ ex ) were calculated and compared with those of other extractants proposed for actinide partitioning, viz. octyl-(phenyl)- N , N -diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) and N , N , N ′, N ′-dimethyl dibutyl tetradecyl malonamide (DMDBTDMA). Thermodynamic parameters, viz. Δ G , Δ H and Δ S for the extraction of actinides by TODGA were also compared with those of CMPO and DMDBTDMA. These studies indicate that the extraction processes of Am(III) and U(VI) are enthalpy driven whereas entropy factor counteracts the extraction. However, in the case of Pu(IV), the extraction process is enthalpy as well as entropy favoured. Role of diluent on the loading of Nd(III) in 0.1 M TODGA has also been investigated.
Effects of Release Factor 1 on in Vitro Protein Translation and the Elaboration of Proteins Containing Unnatural Amino Acids (1999)

An in vitro protein synthesizing system was modified to facilitate the improved, site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins via readthrough of mRNA nonsense (UAG) codons by chemically misacylated suppressor tRNAs. The modified system included an S-30 extract derived from Escherichia coli that expresses a temperature-sensitive variant of E. coli release factor 1 (RF1). Mild heat treatment of the S-30 extract partially deactivated RF1 and improved UAG codon readthrough by as much as 11-fold, as demonstrated by the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into positions 25 and 125 of HIV-1 protease and positions 10 and 22 of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase. The increases in yields were the greatest for those amino acids normally incorporated poorly in the in vitro protein synthesizing system, thus significantly enhancing the repertoire of modified amino acids that can be incorporated into the proteins of interest. The substantial increase in mutant protein yields over those obtained with an S-30 extract derived from an RF1 proficient E. coli strain is proposed to result from a relaxed stringency of termination by RF1 at the stop codon (UAG). When RF1 levels were depleted further, the intrinsic rate of DHFR synthesis increased, consistent with the possibility that RF1 competes not only at stop codons but also at other mRNA codons during peptide elongation. It thus seems possible that in addition to its currently accepted role as a protein factor involved in peptide termination, RF1 is also involved in functions that control the rate at which protein synthesis proceeds.
The Synthesis of Phencyclidine and Other 1-Arylcyclohexylamines (1965)

Various 1-arylcyclohexylamines were synthesized for evaluation as central nervous system depressants. The compounds were prepared by several procedures. 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, the first compound of this type synthesized, was prepared from 1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile by replacement of the cyano group by phenyl using phenylmagnesium bromide. These compounds were tested for cataleptoid activity and antitonic extensor properties.
Induction of early apoptosis marker by morphine in human lung and breast carcinoma cell lines. (2003)

We have investigated whether morphine and codeine, potent analgesic compounds most commonly used as cancer pain relievers, show tumor-specific cytotoxic activity and whether they can induce apoptosis or necrosis by monitoring the stainability with Annexin V and propidium iodide with fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Both opioids showed higher cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (lung carcinoma A549, mammary gland carcinoma MCF7, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60) than against three normal human cells (periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF, gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC). Morphine produced the major part of the apoptotic cell populations and the minor part of the necrotic cell populations in A549 and MCF7 cells, more effectively than codeine. In addition, morphine increased the activity of mitochondrial Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in HL-60 cells, but decreased the MnSOD activity in A549 and MCF7 cells. The apoptosis-inducing activity of opioids may provide new strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer.
Use of tensor product splines in magnet optimization (1999)

Variational metrics and other direct search techniques have proved useful in magnetic optimization. At least one technique used in magnetic optimization is to first fit the data of the desired optimization parameter to the data. If this fit is smoothly differentiable, a number of powerful techniques become available for the optimization. The author shows the usefulness of tensor product splines in accomplishing this end. Proper choice of augmented knot placement not only makes the fit very accurate, but allows for differentiation. Thus the gradients required with direct optimization in divariate and trivariate applications are robustly generated.
Applied Usage of Yeast Spores as Chitosan Beads (2014)

In this study, we present a nonhazardous biological method of producing chitosan beads using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells cultured under conditions of nutritional starvation cease vegetative growth and instead form spores. The spore wall has a multilaminar structure with the chitosan layer as the second outermost layer. Thus, removal of the outermost dityrosine layer by disruption of the DIT1 gene, which is required for dityrosine synthesis, leads to exposure of the chitosan layer at the spore surface. In this way, spores can be made to resemble chitosan beads. Chitosan has adsorptive features and can be used to remove heavy metals and negatively charged molecules from solution. Consistent with this practical application, we find that spores are capable of adsorbing heavy metals such as Cu(2+), Cr(3+), and Cd(2+), and removal of the dityrosine layer further improves the adsorption. Removal of the chitosan layer decreases the adsorption, indicating that chitosan works as an adsorbent in the spores. Besides heavy metals, spores can also adsorb a negatively charged cholesterol derivative, taurocholic acid. Furthermore, chitosan is amenable to chemical modifications, and, consistent with this property, dit1Δ spores can serve as a carrier for immobilization of enzymes. Given that yeast spores are a natural product, our results demonstrate that they, and especially dit1Δ mutants, can be used as chitosan beads and used for multiple purposes.
Generalized Hilbert transform and its applications in geophysics (2003)

The Hilbert transform (HT) has been used in seismic data processing and interpretation for many years. A well-known application of HT is seismic complex-trace analysis using instantaneous phase, frequency, and amplitude (Taner et al. 1979). We present a new generalized Hilbert transform (GHT), which has many advantages over the traditional HT—particularly robustness to noise and variety of applications.
Synthesis of 3-Phenyl and 5-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone via Rhodium Catalysed Carbonylation of Allylamines (1996)

Abstract The Rh4(CO)12 catalysed reaction with CO and H2 of 1-phenyl- and 3-phenyl allylamine gives 5-phenyl- and 3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone respectively, in good yield. A reasonable reaction pathway of the carbonylation reaction is presented.
Dynamics of Phosphoinositides in Membrane Retrieval and Insertion (2003)

The phosphoinositides PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are concentrated in plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells, and excluded from endosomes, whereas PtdIns(3)P is formed in these latter intracellular membranes and is apparently excluded from the plasma membrane. The logic of this asymmetric disposition is now revealed by the nature of the effector proteins that selectively bind these lipids through specific modules and by the processes that they catalyze. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 has a role in directing exocytosis, in addition to many other signaling events, whereas PtdIns(4,5)P2 directs endocytosis through its ability to anchor several coat proteins to the plasma membrane. Remarkably, the elimination of PtdIns(4,5)P2 from forming endosomes may be required for membrane fission to occur. Thus membrane insertion and retrieval can be regulated by plasma membrane concentrations of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(4,5)P2, whereas PtdIns(3)P directs the downstream trafficking and recycling of intracellular membranes through its attraction of proteins that catalyze these processes. The phosphoinositides thereby control many cell features that depend upon protein sorting, including the composition of the plasma membrane itself, which in turn determines the cell's responses to its environment.
A COMPARISON OF BRILLIANT BLUE G, TRYPAN BLUE, AND INDOCYANINE GREEN DYES TO ASSIST INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING DURING MACULAR HOLE SURGERY (2011)

Brilliant blue G was comparable with TB in optimizing visual and functional outcomes, while it was similar to ICG in ease of internal limiting membrane peeling.
Some Designs and Applications for Packaged Amplifiers Using Subminiature Tubes (1947)

Design and construction details of d.c. and a.c. amplifier packages using subminiature tubes are given. In addition, applications to control and measurement circuits are shown. The purpose of these amplifiers is to decrease the time lost in the construction and repair of complicated electronic equipment for biophysical and other experiments.
Improving the alkalophilic performances of the Xyl1 xylanase from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. S38: Structural comparison and mutational analysis (2005)

Endo-beta-1,4-xylanases of the family 11 glycosyl-hydrolases are catalytically active over a wide range of pH. Xyl1 from Streptomyces sp. S38 belongs to this family, and its optimum pH for enzymatic activity is 6. Xyn11 from Bacillus agaradhaerens and XylJ from Bacillus sp. 41M-1 share 85% sequence identity and have been described as highly alkalophilic enzymes. In an attempt to better understand the alkalophilic adaptation of xylanases, the three-dimensional structures of Xyn11 and Xyl1 were compared. This comparison highlighted an increased number of salt-bridges and the presence of more charged residues in the catalytic cleft as well as an eight-residue-longer loop in the alkalophilic xylanase Xyn11. Some of these charges were introduced in the structure of Xyl1 by site-directed mutagenesis with substitutions Y16D, S18E, G50R, N92D, A135Q, E139K, and Y186E. Furthermore, the eight additional loop residues of Xyn11 were introduced in the homologous loop of Xyl1. In addition, the coding sequence of the XylJ catalytic domain was synthesized by recursive PCR, expressed in a Streptomyces host, purified, and characterized together with the Xyl1 mutants. The Y186E substitution inactivated Xyl1, but the activity was restored when this mutation was combined with the G50R or S18E substitutions. Interestingly, the E139K mutation raised the optimum pH of Xyl1 from 6 to 7.5 but had no effect when combined with the N92D substitution. Modeling studies identified the possible formation of an interaction between the introduced lysine and the substrate, which could be eliminated by the formation of a putative salt-bridge in the N92D/E139K mutant.
Using APL as a preprocessing selector from large VSAM files (1984)

This paper will explain an APL system to access large VSAM files (Virtual Storage Access Method) [1] using the VSAM keys and alternate indices and will compare this system with a standard system for report generation. In late 1981 the bank installed an IBM 4341 and changed APL's operating system from MVS/T50 (Multipie Virtual Storage/Time Sharing Option, [2] to VM/CMS (Virtual Machine Conversational Monitor System) [3].
Asynchronous Iterative Water-Filling for Gaussian Frequency-Selective Interference Channels (2008)

This paper considers the maximization of information rates for the Gaussian frequency-selective interference channel, subject to power and spectral mask constraints on each link. To derive decentralized solutions that do not require any cooperation among the users, the optimization problem is formulated as a static noncooperative game of complete information. To achieve the so-called Nash equilibria of the game, we propose a new distributed algorithm called asynchronous iterative water-filling algorithm. In this algorithm, the users update their power spectral density (PSD) in a completely distributed and asynchronous way: some users may update their power allocation more frequently than others and they may even use outdated measurements of the received interference. The proposed algorithm represents a unified framework that encompasses and generalizes all known iterative water-filling algorithms, e.g., sequential and simultaneous versions. The main result of the paper consists of a unified set of conditions that guarantee the global converge of the proposed algorithm to the (unique) Nash equilibrium of the game.
Cyclic Peptides with a Phosphinic Bond as Potent Inhibitors of a Zinc Bacterial Collagenase (1994)

A series of cyclic peptides containing a phosphinic bond were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of a zinc bacterial collagenase from Corynebacterium rathaii. Among this series of pseudopeptides of different sizes of cycles, only two molecules Ia (cyclo[Gly-Pro-Phe psi(PO2CH2)-Gly-Pro-Ahx]) and Va (cyclo[beta Ala-Pro-Phe psi (PO2CH2)Gly-Pro-Ahx]) were found to be rather potent inhibitors of this protease, with Ki values of 120 and 90 nM, respectively. Besides the influence of the peptide ring size, this study suggests that both the stereochemical and the conformational properties of the pseudophenylalanine residue in these cyclic peptides may determine their potency. Interestingly, the kinetic analysis for the binding of the cyclic peptide inhibitors Ia and Va to the collagenase, as compared to a linear parent compound, reveals that the lower potency of the cyclic peptides is mostly the consequence of a lower rate constant for association to the enzyme. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cyclic phosphinic peptides and on their activities as inhibitors of a zinc protease.
Study on LED Color Mixing for Stage Lighting Based on Locus Fitting of Blackbody (2018)

Aiming at overcoming the defects of basic lighting color rendering for LED stage lighting, this paper establishes a new mixing light method with RGBW four-color mixing model. Compared with traditional tricolor light mixing model, it uses the mixing light of white as the fourth input, with the three-basic color of red, green and blue to obtain a new mixing method. Then the original coefficients of RGBW are optimized after adjusting the two parameters of relative spectral power distribution and illuminance of mixing light for locus fitting of blackbody. Finally, better color rendering of white light can be acquired. By the MATLAB simulation and field testing, experimental results have shown that the proposed method will achieve ideal LED lighting performance, which is convenient for color management of lighting control system in modern theatre.