gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of N,N-Bis(8-flavonmethyl)geranylamine Derivatives (2010)

Four N,N-bis(8-flavonmethyl)geranylamine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined from the results of 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The prelimilary cytotoxicity was evaluated on K562 and SMMC7721 cell lines by MTT assay. The results demonstrated that all compounds possessed antitumor actitity and compound 1c is the best among them with an IC50 value of 5.78 μmol/L or 3.85 μmol/L against K562 or SMMC7721 cell lines, respectively. The in vitro antitumor activities of compounds 1a and 1c against K562 were better than that of the commercial drug Melphalan. The interaction of compound 1c with herring sperm DNA was explored with ethidium bromide(EB) as a fluorescence probe. The result of the study on fluorescence quenching by DNAEB confirms the strong interaction of compound 1c with Herring Sperm DNA.
Sustained release of bupivacaine for post-surgical pain relief using core–shell microspheres (2014)

Core-shell polymer microspheres with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) shell were developed for sustained release of bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief after knee surgery. The PLLA-rich shell acted as a diffusion barrier, allowing linear release of bupivacaine in a goat model over an extended period of 2 weeks post-surgery. In vivo bupivacaine concentrations in the goat synovial fluid remained within therapeutic levels for the 2 weeks, whereas bupivacaine concentrations in the blood plasma remained safely below toxic levels. All animals survived until the end of the 28 day study, with no inflammation, infection or reduced mobility. Explantation at day 28 revealed some soft microsphere remnants in the para-patellar space of the knee joint. However, there was no damage to the articular surfaces, or interference with joint motion. Histological analysis of each knee compartment did not reveal any signs of osteoarthrosis or degeneration within the joints, and safranin-O staining showed intact cartilage surfaces with well-preserved proteoglycan content.
Studies of retrograde cardioplegia. I. Capillary blood flow distribution to myocardium supplied by open and occluded arteries. (1989)

This study defines the nutritive (i.e., capillary) distribution of blood cardioplegic solutions delivered via retrograde and antegrade techniques to muscle supplied by open and occluded coronary arteries where myocardial segments are in jeopardy of inadequate cardioplegic protection. Open-chest anesthetized dogs were studied by mixing radioactive microspheres (15 +/- 5 microns) with a blood cardioplegic solution and administering cardioplegia either into the coronary sinus or into the proximal aorta with the left anterior descending coronary artery open or occluded (30% +/- 2% area at risk). Nutritive flow (i.e., percentage of delivered 15 microns microspheres trapped in myocardial capillaries) during retrograde infusions averaged 65% versus 87% with antegrade cardioplegia (p less than 0.05). Retrograde and antegrade cardioplegic nutritive flow to all left ventricular regions was comparable with the left anterior descending coronary artery open (65 versus 82 ml/100 gm/min, p greater than 0.05), and both methods provided preferential hyperperfusion of subendocardial muscle (endocardial/epicardial ratios 1.6 and 1.5, respectively). Nutritive flow to muscle supplied by the occluded left anterior descending coronary artery was preserved better by retrograde than antegrade cardioplegia (35 versus 5 ml/100 gm/min, p less than 0.05). Preferential subendocardial hyperperfusion was maintained during retrograde cardioplegia (52 ml/100 gm/min, endocardial/epicardial ratio 1.6), but flow was redistributed away from subendocardial muscle with antegrade cardioplegia (less than 2 ml/100 gm/min, endocardial/epicardial, 0.29, p less than 0.05). Left ventricular flow was reduced markedly during retrograde infusion with the left anterior descending coronary artery open or occluded (23 and 12 ml/100 gm/min), but septal cooling was superior to antegrade cardioplegia (15 degrees +/- 1 degree C versus 20% +/- 3%, p less than 0.05) despite near-normal antegrade septal flow (the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated beyond the first septal branch). Right ventricular nutritive flow was only 7 ml/100 gm/min during retrograde coronary sinus perfusion and was maintained normally with antegrade cardioplegia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Star-P: High Productivity Parallel Computing (2004)

Star-P is an interactive parallel scientific computing environment. It aims to make parallel programming more accessible. Star-P borrows ideas from Matlab-P, but is a new development. Currently only a Matlab interface for Star-P is available, but STAR-P is not limited to being a parallel Matlab. It combines all four parallel Matlab approaches in one environment, as described in the parallel Matlab survey: embarrassingly parallel, message passing, backend support and compilation. It also integrates several parallel numerical libraries into one single easy-to-use piece of software. The focus of Star-P is to improve user productivity in parallel programming. We believe that Star-P can dramatically reduce the difficulty of programming parallel computers by reducing the time needed for development and debugging. To achieve productivity, it is important that the user interface is intuitive to the user. For example, a large class of scientific users are already familiar with the Matlab language. So it is beneficial to use Matlab as a parallel programming language. Additions to the language are minimal in keeping with the philosophy to avoid re-learning. Also, as a design goal, our system does not distinguish between serial data and parallel data.
Selective Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Enol Triflates, Acid Chlorides, and Dichloroarenes (2004)

Cheap, readily available, air stable, nontoxic, and environmentally benign iron salts such as Fe(acac)(3) are excellent precatalysts for the cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with alkenyl triflates and acid chlorides. Moreover, it is shown that dichloroarene and -heteroarene derivatives as the substrates can be selectively monoalkylated by this method. All cross-coupling reactions proceed very rapidly under notably mild conditions and turned out to be compatible with a variety of functional groups in both reaction partners. A detailed analysis of the preparative results suggests that iron-catalyzed C-C bond formations can occur via different pathways. Thus, it is likely that reactions of methylmagnesium halides involve iron-ate complexes as the active components, whereas reactions of Grignard reagents with two or more carbon atoms are effected by highly reduced iron-clusters of the formal composition [Fe(MgX)(2)](n) generated in situ. Control experiments using the ate-complex [Me(4)Fe]Li(2) corroborate this interpretation.
The role of the Badger (<i>Meles meles</i>) in rabies epizootiology and the implications for Great Britain (2002)

ABSTRACT The occurrence of a wildlife rabies epizootic in Britain remains a very unlikely event, but it is important to examine all the possible consequences of such an event. Here, I examine the possible role of the European Badger ( Meles meles ) in such an epizootic. The population density of Badgers in Britain is much higher than that in Europe, and appears to have increased substantially over the last decade or so. The population parameters and epizootiology of rabies in the Badger are reviewed in comparison with the Fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) and other species. Mustelids appear to be very susceptible to rabies, with the smaller mustelids becoming aggressive, although Badgers do not appear to show heightened aggression when infected. Badger populations on the continent become severely reduced when rabies arrives in the area, and circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that Badgers can easily transmit the virus. Preliminary models support the idea that the Badger could be a very significant secondary host, especially in the initial rabies outbreak. The population recovery rate of the Badger suggests that it is unlikely to become a primary host, although short‐term epizootics in the Badger population are likely. The potential for controlling rabies in the Badger is also examined.
Use of recombinant activated factor VII in a case of severe postpartum haemorrhage. (2006)

We describe the case of a 24 year old woman, affected by haemorrhagic shock due to post-partum uterine atony, who underwent an emergency hysterectomy with persistent postoperative bleeding, successfully treated with recombinant activated factor VII (Novoseven).
Machine-Learning Applications of Algorithmic Randomness (1999)

Most machine learning algorithms share the following drawback: they only output bare predictions but not the confidence in those predictions. In the 1960s algorithmic information theory supplied universal measures of confidence but these are, unfortunately, non-computable. In this paper we combine the ideas of algorithmic information theory with the theory of Support Vector machines to obtain practicable approximations to universal measures of confidence. We show that in some standard problems of pattern recognition our approximations work well. 1 INTRODUCTION Two important differences of most modern methods of machine learning (such as statistical learning theory, see Vapnik [21], 1998, or PAC theory) from classical statistical methods are that: ffl machine learning methods produce bare predictions, without estimating confidence in those predictions (unlike, eg, prediction of future observations in traditional statistics (Guttman [5], 1970)); ffl many machine learning ...
Piperidine Derivatives. XXIII. Certain Halogenated 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpiperidines and Related Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPiperidine Derivatives. XXIII. Certain Halogenated 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpiperidines and Related CompoundsS. M. McElvain and John C. Safranski Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3134–3138Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amino Acids and Peptides. IX. Phosphorus in Organic Synthesis. IV. Diphenyl Phosphorazidate. A New Convenient Reagent for the Peptide Synthesis (1974)

Preliminary investigations on the interaction between diethyl phosphorazidate and benzoic acid revealed that phosphoryl azides may be a convenient reagent for a modified Curtius reaction and the amide bond formation. Among phosphoryl azides, diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA) which was easily prepared by the action of sodium azide on diphenyl phosphorochloridate was chosen for the investigation on the racemization-free peptide synthesis. The Young test under various conditions proved that DPPA may be a new convenient reagent for the racemization-free peptide synthesis. The results are summarized in Tables.
The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk (2003)

Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis.
Effect of pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on rat liver. (1976)

One time i.p. injections of 5 -20 mg Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) effects the mitotic activity of rat liver cells during a time period of 24 hours to be 20 times higher than the normal mitotic rate. This, however, does not result in an measurable increase of cell numbers and cell volumes. Furthermore, total liver DNA, RNA, protein and dry-weight remain unchanged. The injection of 7 times 10 mg PCN also results in the elevation of the mitotic rate. Return of the elevated mitotic rate to base level takes 18 days from the time the last injection of PCN was administered. During this time the number and the average volume of liver cells increases by 28% and 30%, respectively. The dry weight of liver and tetraploid nuclei increase in number, whereas RNA- and protein content remains unchanged. All parameters have reached the base line after 4 - 6 weeks following the last injection of PCN. No histological changes were observed after multiple doses of PCN that cause hyperplasia and hypertrophy of liver tissue. Hypertrophy of liver cells follows the observed hyperplasia and therefore is not expected to be the cause of the hyperplastic processes.
63. The constitution of apocinchene and syntheses of its methyl and ethyl ethers (1935)

J. Kenner and F. S. Statham, J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 299 DOI: 10.1039/JR9350000299
<title>Lightweight SIP/SDP compression scheme (LSSCS)</title> (2001)

In UMTS new IP based services with tight delay constraints will be deployed over the W-CDMA air interface such as IP multimedia and interactive services. To integrate the wireline and wireless IP services, 3GPP standard forum adopted the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the call control protocol for the UMTS Release 5, which will implement next generation, all IP networks for real-time QoS services. In the current form the SIP protocol is not suitable for wireless transmission due to its large message size which will need either a big radio pipe for transmission or it will take far much longer to transmit than the current GSM Call Control (CC) message sequence. In this paper we present a novel compression algorithm called Lightweight SIP/SDP Compression Scheme (LSSCS), which acts at the SIP application layer and therefore removes the information redundancy before it is sent to the network and transport layer. A binary octet-aligned header is added to the compressed SIP/SDP message before sending it to the network layer. The receiver uses this binary header as well as the pre-cached information to regenerate the original SIP/SDP message. The key features of the LSSCS compression scheme are presented in this paper along with implementation examples. It is shown that this compression algorithm makes SIP transmission efficient over the radio interface without losing the SIP generality and flexibility.
Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in gemcitabine refractory advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a phase II study (2006)

Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) are active as first-line therapy against advanced pancreatic cancer. This study aims to evaluate the activity and tolerability of this combination in patients refractory to standard gemcitabine (GEM). A total of 33 patients (median age of 57) were included with locally advanced and metastatic evaluable diseases, who had progressed during or following GEM therapy. The GEMOX regimen consisted of 1000 mg m(-2) of GEM at a 100-min infusion on day 1, followed on day 2 by 100 mg m(-2) of oxaliplatin at a 2-h infusion; a cycle that was given every 2 weeks. All patients received at least one cycle of GEMOX (median 5; range 1-29). Response by 31 evaluable patients was as follows: PR: 7/31(22.6%), s.d. > or = 8 weeks: 11/31(35.5%), s.d. < 8 weeks: 1/31(3.2%), PD: 12/31(38.7%). Median duration of response and TTP were 4.5 and 4.2 months, respectively. Median survival was 6 months (range 0.5-21). Clinical benefit response was observed in 17/31 patients (54.8%). Grade III/IV non-neurologic toxicities occurred in 12/33 patients (36.3%), and grade I, II, and III neuropathy in 17(51%), 3(9%), and 4(12%) patients, respectively. GEMOX is a well-tolerated, active regimen that may provide a benefit to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after progression following standard gemcitabine treatment.
Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of c-<i>myc</i> Is Dependent on Direct Binding of Smad3 to a Novel Repressive Smad Binding Element (2004)

Smad proteins are the most well-characterized intracellular effectors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signal. The ability of the Smads to act as transcriptional activators via TGF-beta-induced recruitment to Smad binding elements (SBE) within the promoters of TGF-beta target genes has been firmly established. However, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in TGF-beta-mediated transcriptional repression are only recently being uncovered. The proto-oncogene c-myc is repressed by TGF-beta, and this repression is required for the manifestation of the TGF-beta cytostatic program in specific cell types. We have shown that Smad3 is required for both TGF-beta-induced repression of c-myc and subsequent growth arrest in keratinocytes. The transcriptional repression of c-myc is dependent on direct Smad3 binding to a novel Smad binding site, termed a repressive Smad binding element (RSBE), within the TGF-beta inhibitory element (TIE) of the c-myc promoter. The c-myc TIE is a composite element, comprised of an overlapping RSBE and a consensus E2F site, that is capable of binding at least Smad3, Smad4, E2F-4, and p107. The RSBE is distinct from the previously defined SBE and may partially dictate, in conjunction with the promoter context of the overlapping E2F site, whether the Smad3-containing complex actively represses, as opposed to transactivates, the c-myc promoter.
A Systematic Investigation of Polymer Binder Flexibility on the Electrode Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

The mechanical failure at the electrode interfaces (laminate/current collector and binder/particle interfaces) leads to particle isolation and delamination, which has been regarded as one of the main reasons for the capacity decay and cell failure of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Polymer binder provides the key function for a good interface property and for maintaining the electrode integrity of LIBs. Triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEG) moieties were incorporated into polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) to different extents at the molecular level. Microscratch tests of the graphite electrodes based on these binders indicate that the electrode is more flexible with 5 or 10% TEG in the polymer binders. Crack generation is inhibited by the flexible TEG-containing binder, compared to that of the unmodified PMAA-based electrode, leading to the better cycling performance of the flexible electrode. With a 10% TEG moiety in the binder, the graphite half-cell reaches a reversible capacity of >270 mAh/g at the 1C rate, compared to a value of ∼190 mAh/g for the unmodified PMAA binder.
Time-of-Flight Based Calibration of an Ultrasonic Computed Tomography System (2012)

The paper presents a novel method for calibration of measuring geometry and of individual signal delays of transducers in ultrasonic computed tomography (USCT) systems via computational processing of multiple time-of-flight measurements of ultrasonic (US) impulses. The positions and time-delay parameters of thousands of ultrasonic transducers inside the USCT tank are calibrated by this approach with a high precision required for the tomographic reconstruction; such accuracy cannot be provided by any other known method. Although utilising similar basic principles as the global positioning system (GPS), the method is importantly generalised in treating all transducer parameters as the to-be calibrated (floating) unknowns, without any a-priori known positions and delays. The calibration is formulated as a non-linear least-squares problem, minimizing the differences between the calculated and measured time-of-arrivals of ultrasonic pulses. The paper provides detailed derivation of the method, and compares two implemented approaches (earlier calibration of individual transducers with the new approach calibrating rigid transducer arrays) via detailed simulations, aimed at testing the convergence properties and noise robustness of both approaches. Calibration using real US signals is described and, as an illustration of the utility of the presented method, a comparison is shown of two image reconstructions using the tomographic US data from a concrete experimental USCT system measuring a 3D phantom, without and after the calibration.
Dysphagia: causes, assessment, treatment, and management. (2008)

Dysphagia, or difficulty in swallowing, is a condition with a strong age-related bias. Rates of dysphagia vary due to differences in method between studies; eg, clinical history of "swallowing difficulty," evidence of aspiration, or dysphagia confirmed by swallowing investigations. In general, the rate is lower in the community than in nursing home facilities. The management and treatment of dysphagia among geriatric patients is complicated by cognitive decline, lowered immunity, malnutrition, and end-of-life decisions. This article reviews the current assessment, treatment, and management techniques for dysphagia; covers new developments in research and pilot studies; and reviews the ethical issues related to treatment when prognosis is poor.