gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN TEMPERATURE. I. ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EIGHT SPECIES OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON<sup>1</sup> (1992)

ABSTRACT The influence of temperature on the biochemical composition of eight species of marine phytoplankton was investigated. Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heim‐dal, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and, Pavlova lutheri Droop (three of eight species studied) had minimum values of carbon and nitrogen quotas at intermediate temperatures resulting in a broad U‐shaped response in quotas over the temperature range of 10 to 25°C. Protein per cell also had minimum values at intermediate temperatures for six species. For T. pseudonana, P. tricornutum , and P. lutheri , patterns of variation in carbon, nitrogen, and protein quotas as a function of temperature were similar. Over all species, lipid and carbohydrate per cell showed no consistent trends with temperature. Only chlorophyll a quotas and the carbon: chlorophyll a ratios (θ) showed consistent trends across all species. Chlorophyll a quotas were always lower at 10°C than at 25°C. Carbon: chlorophyll a ratios (θ) were always higher at 10°C than at 25°C. We suggest that although θ consistently increases at lower temperatures, the relationship between temperature and θ ranges from linear to exponential and is species specific. Accordingly, the interspecific variance in θ that results from species showing a range of possible responses to temperature increases as temperature declines and reaches a maximum at low temperatures. High photon flux densities appear to increase the potential interspecific variance in the carbon: chlorophyll a ratio and therefore exacerbate these trends.
Preparation of Ruthenium Metal and Ruthenium Oxide Thin Films by a Low-Temperature Solution Process (2013)

Highly conductive ruthenium metal thin films and ruthenium oxide ones were prepared by a solution process at low temperature (e.g., 6.9 × 10^<-5> Ωcm at 300°C for Ru^0). Their structure and electric properties depend on the annealing conditions. The process allowed us to fabricate ruthenium electrodes on flexible substrates.
The annotation of RNA motifs (2002)

The recent deluge of new RNA structures, including complete atomic-resolution views of both subunits of the ribosome, has on the one hand literally overwhelmed our individual abilities to comprehend the diversity of RNA structure, and on the other hand presented us with new opportunities for comprehensive use of RNA sequences for comparative genetic, evolutionary and phylogenetic studies. Two concepts are key to understanding RNA structure: hierarchical organization of global structure and isostericity of local interactions. Global structure changes extremely slowly, as it relies on conserved long-range tertiary interactions. Tertiary RNA-RNA and quaternary RNA-protein interactions are mediated by RNA motifs, defined as recurrent and ordered arrays of non-Watson-Crick base-pairs. A single RNA motif comprises a family of sequences, all of which can fold into the same three-dimensional structure and can mediate the same interaction(s). The chemistry and geometry of base pairing constrain the evolution of motifs in such a way that random mutations that occur within motifs are accepted or rejected insofar as they can mediate a similar ordered array of interactions. The steps involved in the analysis and annotation of RNA motifs in 3D structures are: (a) decomposition of each motif into non-Watson-Crick base-pairs; (b) geometric classification of each basepair; (c) identification of isosteric substitutions for each basepair by comparison to isostericity matrices; (d) alignment of homologous sequences using the isostericity matrices to identify corresponding positions in the crystal structure; (e) acceptance or rejection of the null hypothesis that the motif is conserved.
A study of closed-loop application: WLCD-CDC for 32nm and beyond reticles (2011)

Optical lithography stays at 193nm with a numerical aperture of 1.35 for several more years before moving to EUV lithography. Utilization of 193nm lithography for 32nm and beyond forces the mask maker to produce complex mask designs and tighter lithography specifications which in turn make process control more important than ever. High yield with regards to chip production requires accurate process control. Critical Dimension Uniformity (CDU) is one of the key parameters necessary to assure good performance and reliable functionality of any integrated circuit. There are different contributors which impact the total wafer CDU: mask CD uniformity, resist process, scanner and lens fingerprint, wafer topography, etc. In this study the newly developed wafer level CD metrology tool WLCD of Carl Zeiss SMS is utilized for CDU measurements in conjunction with the CDC tool from Carl Zeiss SMS which provides CD uniformity correction. The WLCD measures CD based on proven aerial imaging technology. The CDC utilizes an ultrafast femto-second laser to write intra-volume shading elements (Shade-In Elements<sup>TM</sup>) inside the bulk material of the mask. By adjusting the density of the shading elements, the light transmission through the mask is locally changed in a manner that improves wafer CDU when the corrected mask is printed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the usage of these two tools in a closed loop process to optimize CDU of the mask before leaving the mask shop and to ensure improved intra-field CDU at wafer level. Main focus of the study is to investigate the correlation of applied attenuation by CDC and the resulting CD change, the impact of CDC process on CD linearity behavior and the correlation of WLCD data and wafer data. Logic and SRAM cells with features having designed line CD's at wafer level, ranging from 27nm to 42nm have been used for the study. The investigation provides evidence that the applied attenuation by CDC shows a linear correlation to CD change at wafer level measured with WLCD. Additionally, WLCD data shows that the CDC application does not impact the CD linearity for the tested feature range. The WLCD measurement data in turn show an excellent correlation to wafer print CD data indicating cost effective use case of closed loop WLCD/CDC application.
Optimization of Army-Navy/Portable Special Search (AN/PSS)-14 Operator Training (2006)

The research goal was to optimize Army-Navy/Portable Special Search (AN/PSS)-14 mine detector operator training duration and content. Results from training observations and analysis of Soldiers learning progression curves indicated that AN/PSS-14 operators who certified through the course were not adequately skilled. Results also showed that the operators learned little with regard to ground-penetrating radar (GPR) use and consequently were not confident in discriminating mines and clutter. The authors recommended a better understanding of GPR functionality and the teaching of target discrimination. Additional time needs to be spent on learning how to develop the spatial patterns (footprints) that different objects produce through metal detection and GPR signals. Training sessions need to be standardized and structured into the crawl-walk-run format with more "hands-on" experience. The Sweep Monitoring System needs to be used more fully. Instructors need to better provide prompt, consistent, and frequent performance feedback. We recommend more stringent quality control of mine simulants, controlled clutter in the mine lanes, burying of the test piece, and multiple grading standards (probability of detection, target discrimination, time standard) that are consistent and more accurate. Recommendations were integrated into a new program of instruction.
SAN FRANCISCO DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1961)

<h3>Mycosis Fungoides. Presented by Dr. Joseph N. Aaron and Dr. Donald D. Eddy (by invitation).</h3> Patient is a 49-year-old man with a 9-year history of a progressive skin eruption. In 1952 he developed a nonpruritic scaling eruption of the extremities. Over the next 3 years he had subsequent exacerbations of the eruption, with variable pruritus. In 1955 the eruption became generalized and psoriasiform and has continued unabated since that time. In 1959 he was treated with 10 superficial conventional x-ray spray treatments (100 kv., HVL 1 mm. al.) to a total of 750 r, with no improvement. In 1959 he developed large indurated plaques and nodules of the trunk and extremities, some of which have shown slight ulceration. Examination now shows a generalized scaly erythroderma with some purplish areas. There are many 2-10 cm. hyperkeratotic, verrucoid tumefactions present on trunk and extremities. The palms and soles show psoriasiform keratotic changes.
Effect of different labio‐lingual spaces in tray designs on the displacement of and pressure against a mobile tooth (2008)

The present study aimed to examine the effect of custom tray designs on the displacement of mobile tooth and local impression pressures during the impression procedure, using partially edentulous simulation models with six anterior teeth containing a mobile tooth prepared in previous studies. The custom trays were designed by altering the thickness of the respective spaces on the labial and lingual sides of the remaining tooth arch. In previous studies, the mobile tooth was displaced in the labial direction and local impression pressures of the mobile tooth were greater against the lingual side than the labial side for all custom tray designs. Furthermore, the custom trays perforated with holes on the lingual side were effective to reduce mobile tooth displacement, labial and lingual impression pressures against the mobile tooth, and the differences between them. Therefore, the present study was performed focusing on the labial and lingual thickness of spaces in custom tray designs. It was found that mobile tooth displacement, labial and lingual impression pressures against the mobile teeth and their differences were less in trays with spaces>3.0 mm thick on both the labial and lingual sides, but markedly greater in trays with a 1.5 mm-thick space on the labial side. These results indicate that the thickness of spaces on the labial side in the tray should not be reduced to prevent mobile tooth displacement.
The first order absolute moment in contour tracking (2002)

A procedure to outline contours automatically in temporal sequences of cardiovascular images is presented. The contour determined on the n/sup th/ frame of the sequence is used as the starting contour to determine the contour on the (n+1)/sup th/ frame. When given a starting contour standard edge detectors can efficiently locate only ideal discontinuities with step shape. First and second Gaussian derivatives, computed at points p/sub i/ of the starting contour, directly provide amplitude and direction of the vectors which join p/sub i/ to the respective points of the final contour. Conversely, if the discontinuity does not show an ideal profile with step shape, the computation of the Gaussian derivatives must be carried out at all points between the starting and the final contour. In the paper, a property of the first order absolute moment is exploited to develop a robust and efficient iterative procedure which can be used to locate discontinuities that do not show an ideal step profile.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF A GAMMA‐CARBOXYMETHYLTETRONIC ACID, (S)‐CARLOSIC ACID (1974)

Abstract Dimethyl‐(S)‐malat (I) reagiert mit Diketen in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin zum Acetessigester (II), der mit Kalium‐tert.‐butylat/tert.‐Butanol am Gefrierpunkt zum Dihydrofuranon (III) cyclisiert wird.
Ultrasonic shear-wave velocities in rocks subjected to simulated overburden pressure (1962)

Abstract Ultrasonic equipment has been developed to measure shear-wave velocities in small rock samples at hydrostatic pressures up to 2400 psi. Under certain optimum conditions dilatational wave velocities can also be determined. The method employs a beam of ultrasonic energy passing through a liquid in which a quarter-inch-thick parallel-sided sample of rock is rotated. From the laws of classical optics for the refraction and reflection of waves at boundaries between dissimilar media and the known velocity of sound in the liquid, the velocities in the sample may be calculated from a record of ultrasonic energy transmitted through the sample as a function of angle between the sample and the ultrasonic beam. Results obtained with this apparatus from samples of materials for which the velocity of waves has been published show good agreement with the latter. The variation of the velocity of shear waves in dry rocks with applied hydrostatic pressures up to 2400 psi have been measured for 7 sandstones, a chalk, and a limestone. The shear-wave velocities were found to increase with an increase of the applied pressure. For 5 of the sandstones the increase in velocity at high pressures approached the one-sixth power of the applied hydrostatic pressure predicted theoretically for a sphere pack model.
A novel clock recovery circuit for fully monolithic integration (1999)

This paper presents a novel clock recovery circuit that offers fully monolithic integration. The circuit consists of just the transistor gates of an exclusive OR for an edge-detector and a free-running T-type flip-flop for a high-Q oscillator. As the first proof of the concept, we assemble a circuit using discrete integrated circuits and confirm half-rate clock extraction from an nonreturn to zero data stream input. In order to examine feasibility of the circuit in practical use, we assemble a clock and data recovery circuit. The circuit exhibits stable operation with the bit-error rate of less than 1/spl times/10/sup -12/.
Abrogation of the non-specific toxicity of abrin conjugated to anti-lymphocyte globulin. (1981)

A covalent conjugate of abrin and anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG) was prepared in an endeavour to create a cytotoxic agent with specificity for human lymphoid cells. The AHLG--abrin conjugate was found to be around 10-fold better able to inhibit 3H-leucine uptake by the human lymphoblastoid cell line, Daudi, in tissue culture than was the control conjugate comprising abrin and normal IgG (nIgG). Both materials were less potent than native abrin. Galactose, which is known competitively to antagonize the binding of abrin to cells, strongly inhibited the toxicities of abrin and the nIgG--abrin conjugate whereas that of ALG--abrin was unimpaired. Thus, at least for Daudi cells in tissue culture, abrin can be made selectively toxic, by linkage to AHLG, towards cells bearing antigens to which the antibody moiety of the conjugate can attach.
Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha (E-SSA), an emerging satellite return link messaging scheme (2014)

This paper presents a return link multiple-access scheme that enables low terminal cost and high transmission efficiencies for systems such as large-scale vehicles, satellite-based telemetry service systems, or industrial supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These terminals have low power, small antennas, and deliver short messages, and no power control method has been practically feasible for them. The presented return link multiple-access scheme employs asynchronous Spread Spectrum Aloha (SSA) techniques combined with a transmission control mechanism based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator of the received signal in the forward link to dynamically identify the proper conditions in the channel. The hub demodulator employs successive interference cancelation (SIC) at the packet level with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The normalized channel utilization is close to 2 bits/s/Hz with packet loss ratios (PLRs) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .
Model-based estimation of facial expression parameters from image sequences (2002)

We present a model-based algorithm for the estimation of 3D motion and the analysis of facial expressions of a speaking person. A set of facial animation parameters based on the MPEG-4 standard is determined from two successive video frames using a hierarchical optical flow based method. The motion in the image plane is constrained by a 3D triangular B-spline model that defines shape, texture and facial expressions of an individual person. The computational requirement for this solution is low due to the linear structure of the algorithm.
Kappa opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig brain: Ultrastructural localization in presynaptic terminals in hippocampal formation (1996)

Physiological and pharmacological studies have suggested that kappa opioid receptors (KORs) may be located presynaptically in the guinea pig hippocampal formation. In the present study, KOR-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was examined by using a rabbit antibody raised against a synthetic peptide from the carboxyl terminus of a cloned rat kappa receptor (KT). The specificity of affinity-purified KT antibody was confirmed by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunolabeling of KORs expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and immunocytochemical preadsorption controls. Specificity also was demonstrated by the light microscopic distribution of KT-LI in sections through the forebrain and the pons, which was largely consistent with the distribution of KORs previously reported, and resembled that of immunoreactivity for dynorphin B, an endogenous ligand for KORs. Detailed analysis of the hippocampal formation revealed that KT-LI was located predominantly in thin processes in the granule cell and inner molecular layers of the dentate gyrus. A few KT-labeled processes were also present in stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 region and all layers of the CA3 region of the hippocampus. By electron microscopy, KT-LI was restricted to unmyelinated axons and axon terminals, and was associated with plasma membranes, large dense-core vesicles, and cytoplasmic surfaces of small vesicles. In the dentate gyrus, immunolabeled terminals formed asymmetric synapses with granule cell perikarya and large unlabeled dendrites. In the CA3 region of hippocampus, KT-LI was present in small unmyelinated axons. The results of this study 1) demonstrate the specificity of the KT antibody, 2) show that the distribution of KT labeling corresponds well with previous KOR and dynorphin localization in many regions, and 3) provide ultrastructural evidence that KORs are located presynaptically in the guinea pig hippocampal formation.
Experience with the R-RDOT out-of-Step Relay (1986)

A new out-of-step relaying concept has been previously reported. The concept involves augmaenting apparent resistance (R) measurement with rate-of-change of apparent resistance (Rdot) computation. The new R-Rdot relay thus has more intelligence for control decisions. This follow-up paper presents the following new information: large scale simulation results, including use of relay outputs for discrete supplemental control action; additional details on design and testing of the microprocessor based relay; and experience during an extensive monitoring period at Malin Substation on the Pacific AC Intertie. The relay is now energized for initiating controlled separations at several locations within the Western North American Power System.
Modified acrylamide copolymers based on β-cyclodextrin and twin-tail structures for enhanced oil recovery through host–guest interactions (2019)

Two kinds of copolymers with host–guest interaction were synthesized, showing great potential for enhanced oil recovery.
Ontology Design Patterns for bio-ontologies: a case study on the Cell Cycle Ontology (2008)

Bio-ontologies are key elements of knowledge management in bioinformatics. Rich and rigorous bio-ontologies should represent biological knowledge with high fidelity and robustness. The richness in bio-ontologies is a prior condition for diverse and efficient reasoning, and hence querying and hypothesis validation. Rigour allows a more consistent maintenance. Modelling such bio-ontologies is, however, a difficult task for bio-ontologists, because the necessary richness and rigour is difficult to achieve without extensive training. Analogous to design patterns in software engineering, Ontology Design Patterns are solutions to typical modelling problems that bio-ontologists can use when building bio-ontologies. They offer a means of creating rich and rigorous bio-ontologies with reduced effort. The concept of Ontology Design Patterns is described and documentation and application methodologies for Ontology Design Patterns are presented. Some real-world use cases of Ontology Design Patterns are provided and tested in the Cell Cycle Ontology. Ontology Design Patterns, including those tested in the Cell Cycle Ontology, can be explored in the Ontology Design Patterns public catalogue that has been created based on the documentation system presented ( http://odps.sourceforge.net/ ). Ontology Design Patterns provide a method for rich and rigorous modelling in bio-ontologies. They also offer advantages at different development levels (such as design, implementation and communication) enabling, if used, a more modular, well-founded and richer representation of the biological knowledge. This representation will produce a more efficient knowledge management in the long term.
Experimental Corneal Neovascularization (1985)

Sequential slit-lamp examinations and fluorescein angiograms were performed on adult rabbits to define the morphological and functional maturation of new intracorneal vessels induced by chemical cautery. The vasoproliferation induced by this injury began as vascular sprouts from the preexisting pericorneal vessels and continued until there were well formed vascular loops carrying blood to and from the cautery site. Many vessels, particularly venules, then regressed. As defined by the fluorescein angiograms and microscopic examination of tissue sections, the final loops were formed by muscularized vessels (arterioles) bringing blood to the cautery site, and unmuscularized vessels (venules) carrying blood back to the vessels at the corneoscleral limbus. The angiograms recorded during the evolution of these vessels suggest that intracorneal arterioles form when blood flow or pressure from a preexisting pericorneal arteriole induces muscularization in a previously undifferentiated sprout arising from a capillary or venule.
Don't tread on me: moderating access to OSN data with spikestrip (2010)

Online social networks rely on their valuable data stores to attract users and produce income. Their survival depends on the ability to protect users ’ profiles and disseminate it to other users through controlled channels. Given the sparse user adoption of privacy policies, however, there is increasing incentive and opportunity for malicious parties to extract these datasets for profit using automated “crawlers ” and “screen-scrapers. ” With the arrival of distributed botnets and low-cost hosted VMs, attackers can perform fast, distributed crawls that evade traditional detectors and rate limiters. We propose SpikeStrip, a server add-on that uses light-weight link encryption to isolate and rate limit crawlers. We experiment with real OSN data, and show that SpikeStrip successfully curtails sophisticated, distributed crawlers while imposing minimal server throughput overhead and inconvenience to end-users. 1