gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of wheat–rye 1RS recombinants that break the linkage between the stem rust resistance gene <i>SrR</i> and secalin (2008)

Chromosome 1R of rye is a useful source of genes for disease resistance and enhanced agronomic performance in wheat. One of the most prevalent genes transferred to wheat from rye is the stem rust resistance gene Sr31. The recent emergence and spread of a stem rust pathotype virulent to this gene has refocused efforts to find and utilize alternative sources of resistance. There has been considerable effort to transfer a stem rust resistance gene, SrR, from Imperial rye, believed to be allelic to Sr31, into commercial wheat cultivars. However, the simultaneous transfer of genes at the Sec-1 locus encoding secalin seed storage proteins and their association with quality defects preclude the deployment of SrR in some commercial wheat breeding programs. Previous attempts to induce homoeologous recombination between wheat and rye chromosomes to break the linkage between SrR and Sec-1 whilst retaining the tightly linked major loci for wheat seed storage proteins, Gli-D1 and Glu-D3, and recover good dough quality characteristics, have been unsuccessful. We produced novel tertiary wheat-rye recombinant lines carrying different lengths of rye chromosome arm 1RS by inducing homoeologous recombination between the wheat 1D chromosome and a previously described secondary wheat-rye recombinant, DRA-1. Tertiary recombinant T6-1 (SrR+ Sec-1-) carries the target gene for stem rust resistance from rye and retains Gli-D1 but lacks the secalin locus. The tertiary recombinant T49-7 (SrR- Sec-1+) contains the secalin locus but lacks the stem rust resistance gene. T6-1 is expected to contribute to wheat breeding programs in Australia, whereas T49-7 provides opportunities to investigate whether the presence of secalins is responsible for the previously documented dough quality defects.
Initial ventilation through laryngeal tube instead of face mask in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is effective and safe (2009)

The LT-D is feasible and effective for airway management and ventilation when used by paramedics in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and can be recommended as the sole technique in such situations.
Inductive power transmission system with stabilized output voltage using local primary-and secondary-side control (2010)

In this paper, a primary and secondary series compensated inductive power transmission system with primary-side zero phase angle control and a loss-free clamp (LFC) circuit on the secondary-side is described. The effects of non-synchronous tuning are analyzed and intendet detuning is proposed to guarantee controllability. The functional principle of the LFC circuit, which is required for output voltage stabilization over a wide load range and varying magnetic coupling, is explained. Finally, theoretical results are verified experimentally.
Analysis of an Electromagnetic Boundary Layer Probe for Low Magnetic Reynolds Number Flows (1993)

Electromagnetic (EM) flow meters are used to measure volume flow rates of electrically conductive fluids (e.g., low magnetic Reynolds number flows of seawater, milk, etc.) in pipe flows. The possibility of using a modified form of EM flow meter to nonobtrusively measure boundary-layer flow characteristics is analytically investigated in this paper. The device, named an electromagnetic boundary layer (EBL) probe, would have a velocity integral-dependent voltage induced between parallel wall-mounted electrodes, as a conductive fluid flows over a dielectric wall and through the probe’s magnetic field. The Shercliff-Bevir integral equation, taken from EM flow meter theory and design, is used as the basis of the analytical model for predicting EBL probe voltage outputs, given a specified probe geometry and boundary layer flow conditions. Predictions are made of the effective range of the nonobtrusive EBL probe in terms of electrode dimensions, the magnetic field size and strength, and boundary layer velocity profile and thickness. The analysis gives expected voltage calibration curves and shows that an array of paired electrodes would be a beneficial feature for probe design. A key result is that the EBL probe becomes a displacement thickness meter, if operated under certain conditions. That is, the output voltage was found to be directly proportional to the boundary layer displacement thickness, δ1, for a given free stream velocity.
Thermoregulatory Responses of Runners following a Warm-Weather Road Race (2014)

Purpose: To quantify the skin temperature changes following intense exercise in warm-weather. Methods: Anterior thermal images and gastrointestinal temperature (TGI) from 20 male runners (mean±SD; 73.5 ± 10.9 kg) participating in a 11.2 km road race were collected before and immediately after the race. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and wind speed were recorded at the finish line. Infrared thermal images were divided into 11 distinct regions, superior torso (ST), inferior torso (IT), face (F), right forearm (RF), left forearm (LF), right upper arm (RUA), left upper arm (LUA), right thigh (RT), left thigh (LT), right lower leg (RLL) and left lower leg (LLL). Mean weighted anterior skin temperature (MWST) was calculated via approximation of body surface area. Paired samples t-tests were performed to compare pre- and post-race values. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between MWST and TGI. Results: Mean WBGT was 27.04 ± 1.20 °C. Mean wind speed was 1.38 ± 0.87 km/h. TGI significantly increased from pre- to post-race (pre: 37.18 ± 0.37 °C, post: 39.39 ± 0.73 °C, p<0.001). MWST decreased, approaching significance (pre: 30.46 ± 1.77 °C, post: 29.48 ± 0.95 °C, p=0.059). Mean skin temperature for ST (p=0.001), IT (p<0.001), RUA (p=0.015) and LUA (p=0.004) significantly decreased from pre-race values. There was no relationship between Post-TGI and Post-MWST (r=0.052, p=0.848). Conclusions: Despite a significant increase in TGI, skin temperature decreased compared to pre-race measures. ST, IT, RUA and LUA may represent the areas with the greatest potential for heat loss, given the air to skin temperature gradient.
Real‐time robust 3D object tracking and estimation for surveillance system (2013)

ABSTRACT We present a new 3D object tracking algorithm that supports multiple planar and nonplanar objects with real‐time processing speed and high accuracy. The main problem of object tracking algorithm is the limitation of the supporting type of target object, slow processing speed, and low tracking accuracy. Our algorithm provides high accuracy and real‐time performance while detecting not only planar objects but also nonplanar objects. The real‐time performance is accomplished by using Features from Accelerated Segment Test corner detection, region of interest, and parallel processing on a multicore processor. High accuracy is realized by using a scale‐invariant feature transform descriptor, random sample consensus, region of interest, and double robust filtering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Cloning of 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase in Loblolly Pine and the Roles of This Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Compression Wood (1997)

Two genomic sequences encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL; EC 6.2.1.12) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were cloned. Both sequences contained three introns and four exons with identical coding sequences predicting 537 amino acids. Two of the three introns in these two clones were different both in sequence and in length. Sequences of both 4CL clones were found in all nine megagametophyte DNAs tested, providing genetic evidence that these two 4CL genomic sequences are nonallelic genes. Our analyses suggest that there are at least two distinct, intron-containing 4CL genes, at least one of which is transcribed into 4CL mRNA in developing xylem tissue of loblolly pine. The levels of 4CL gene transcription in xylem were influenced by compressional stress, resulting in an elevated 4CL enzyme activity with 4-coumaric acid. 4CL enzyme activity with ferulic acid remained unchanged, whereas with caffeic acid it was significantly inhibited. Exogenously applied trans-cinnamic acid in the protein extracts from normal wood xylem caused inhibition of 4CL activity toward caffeic acid similar to that under compressional stress. The implications of this cinnamic acid-modulated effect on 4CL enzyme activities toward different substrates in regulating monolignol synthesis in xylem under compressional stress are discussed.
An Automated Flow Cytometric Micronucleus Assay for Human Lymphocytes (1992)

A new flow cytometric method is presented for scoring micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes after in vitro gamma-irradiation. Fifty to fifty-five hours after PHA-stimulation, the frequency of micronuclei per nucleus and the fraction of cells in the second cell cycle were measured using flow cytometry. All data were automatically analysed using our DAS-software package. Eight individual linear-quadratic dose response curves derived from five donors revealed inter- and intra-individual variabilities of all curve parameters. Since also an age dependence was found for spontaneous MN-frequencies and for the linear curve parameter, a combined linear-quadratic age-dose-effect model was used to fit the data. The 90% prediction intervals show that a reliable individual dose estimation for donors aged between 23 and 54 years cannot be achieved for exposures below 1 Gy.
Desalination by Membrane Distillation using Electrospun Polyamide Fiber Membranes with Surface Fluorination by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Fibrous membranes of poly(trimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA6(3)T) were fabricated by electrospinning and rendered hydrophobic by applying a conformal coating of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA) using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). A set of iCVD-treated electrospun PA6(3)T fiber membranes with fiber diameters ranging from 0.25 to 1.8 μm were tested for desalination using the air gap membrane distillation configuration. Permeate fluxes of 2-11 kg/m2/h were observed for temperature differentials of 20-45 °C between the feed stream and condenser plate, with rejections in excess of 99.98%. The liquid entry pressure was observed to increase dramatically, from 15 to 373 kPa with reduction in fiber diameter. Contrary to expectation, for a given feed temperature the permeate flux was observed to increase for membranes of decreasing fiber diameter. The results for permeate flux and salt rejection show that it is possible to construct membranes for membrane distillation even from intrinsically hydrophilic materials after surface modification by iCVD and that the fiber diameter is shown to play an important role on the membrane distillation performance in terms of permeate flux, salt rejection, and liquid entry pressure.
Interframe Predictive Coding of Images Using Hybrid Vector Quantization (1986)

The temporal and spatial redundancies of image sequences can be reduced by prediction and vector quantization, respectively. The robustness of the coder is increased through the use of a hybrid two-stage vector quantizer. The first stage is of the Linde-Buzo-Gray type. The second stage encodes the residual error of the first stage using a lattice vector quantizer.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Amino Acids. Part 19. 2‐Trifluoromethyl . alpha.‐Amino Acid Esters, Building Blocks for Trifluoromethyl‐ Substituted Ureas, Thioureas and Other Potential Biological Active Structures. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Translation of the Placenta Growth Factor mRNA is Severely Affected by a Small Open Reading Frame Localized in the 5′ Untranslated Region (1993)

The recently identified placenta growth factor gene (PIGF) code for a protein related to the vascular permeability factor (VPF). We present evidence indicating that expressing of this gene could be regulated at the post-transcriptional level. The region upstream to the coding region of PIGF mRNA contains a small open reading frame (ORF), potentially coding for a peptide of 15 amino acids. The translation of different constructs in reticulocyte and wheat germ lysates as well as in COS-1 and CV-1 cells indicates that this short region is a translational inhibitory element since mutations in its two potential initiator codons increase PIGF synthesis in vivo. Using RNAse protection assay, we demonstrate that the PIGF mRNAs obtained from human term placenta and JEG choriocarcinoma cell line have a complete 5' untranslated region and, consequently, also the above mentioned small ORF. Finally, the analysis of a bovine PIGF genomic clone reveals that this small ORF is strongly conserved with respect to both putative peptide sequences and distance from the PIGF coding region.
Analytical strategies for phosphoproteomics (2009)

Protein phosphorylation is a key regulator of cellular signaling pathways. It is involved in most cellular events in which the complex interplay between protein kinases and protein phosphatases strictly controls biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Defective or altered signaling pathways often result in abnormalities leading to various diseases, emphasizing the importance of understanding protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is a transient modification, and phosphoproteins are often very low abundant. Consequently, phosphoproteome analysis requires highly sensitive and specific strategies. Today, most phosphoproteomic studies are conducted by mass spectrometric strategies in combination with phospho-specific enrichment methods. This review presents an overview of different analytical strategies for the characterization of phosphoproteins. Emphasis will be on the affinity methods utilized specifically for phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide enrichment prior to MS analysis, and on recent applications of these methods in cell biological applications.
Zur Kenntnis der Triterpene. 190. Mitteilung. Eine stereochemische Interpretation der biogenetischen Isoprenregel bei den Triterpenen (1955)

Abstract The biogenetic isoprene rule in its application to the triterpenes is discussed from a stereochemical standpoint. On the basis of a well defined system of arbitrary assumptions a scheme has been developed leading from squalene to the formulae of the basic representatives of all known cyclic triterpene groups ‐ i.e. euphol, tirucallol, lupeol, taraxasterol, germanicol, β‐amyrin, taraxerol, friedelin, α‐amyrin, lanosterol ‐ in their full structural and configurational detail. This result is considered to support the squalene hypothesis of the biogenesis of cyclic triterpenes.
Factors Affecting the Sticking of Fine Iron Ores during Fluidized Bed Reduction. (1992)

Seven types of iron ores were reduced to iron phase in a laboratory fluidized bed at 900'C by N.-H, mixtures to examinethe influence of ore type, reducing potential, and sulfur potential on sticking phenomenon and iron morphology in the bed.
New technique of interlayer dielectric CMP with capping layer (2002)

A new technique of interlayer dielectric (ILD) planarization with chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been developed. The feature of this technique is to remove the step height more efficiently by making use of the polishing rate difference between two films deposited before CMP process. As compared to conventional process, the thickness of insulating layer before polishing can be reduced and the planarized surface can be obtained in shorter polishing time. This technique is one solution for CMP throughput and cost problem.
Communication Abstractions for Distributed Business Processes (2007)

Abstract. Languages for business process definition generally suffer from myopic approaches to capturing communication between distrib-uted processes. Effective communication between processes requires: support for conversations involving interrelated interactions spread over time; ability to select and group messages based on their content, regardless of format and transport technology; and resolving contention between processes or tasks for common sets of messages. This paper presents a set of communication abstractions that provide a “glue” between the process layer and the middleware. The paper also reports on an implementation of these abstractions and an experimental evaluation.
VEGF and endothelial guidance in angiogenic sprouting (2008)

The cellular actions of VEGF need to be coordinated to guide vascular patterning during sprouting angiogenesis. Individual endothelial tip cells lead and guide the blood vessel sprout, while neighbouring stalk cells proliferate and form the vascular lumen. Recent studies illustrate how endothelial DLL4/NOTCH signalling, stimulated by VEGF, regulates the sprouting response by limiting tip cell formation in the stalk. The spatial distribution of VEGF, in turn, regulates the shape of the ensuing sprout by directing tip cell migration and determining stalk cell proliferation.
Plasma nitrogen doping of ZnTe, Cd1−<i>x</i>Zn<i>x</i>Te, and CdTe by molecular beam epitaxy (1994)

The p-type doping of ZnTe, CdTe, and Cd1−xZnxTe (CZT) using a nitrogen dc plasma source during growth by molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. For ZnTe, doping levels as high as 1020 cm−3 were achieved. In CZT alloys, a progressive decrease of the maximum doping level is observed for decreasing Zn content. Using pulse doping methods, a doping level of p≊3×1018 cm−3 is obtained for a 12% Zn CZT layer. For CdTe layers, the highest level achieved is p≊1017 cm−3. The progressive acceptor compensation phenomenon is discussed with emphasis on the role of the lattice distortion on the nitrogen incorporation mechanisms.
GaN p-i-n photodetectors with an LT-GaN interlayer (2008)

Nitride-based p-i-n ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with a low-temperature (LT) GaN interlayer were proposed and fabricated. Compared with a conventional GaN p-i-n photodetector, it was found that both the dark current and ideality factor of the p-i-n photodetector with an LT-GaN interlayer became larger whereas the UV-to-visible rejection ratio became smaller because of the poor crystal quality of the LT-GaN interlayer. However, the responsivity of the GaN p-i-n photodetector with an LT-GaN interlayer was larger than that of the conventional GaN p-i-n photodetector under a high reverse bias because of the carrier multiplication effect and/or internal gain that originated from the defect levels.
Relation extraction from clinical texts using domain invariant convolutional neural network (2016)

In recent years extracting relevant information from biomedical and clinical texts such as research articles, discharge summaries, or electronic health records have been a subject of many research efforts and shared challenges. Relation extraction is the process of detecting and classifying the semantic relation among entities in a given piece of texts. Existing models for this task in biomedical domain use either manually engineered features or kernel methods to create feature vector. These features are then fed to classifier for the prediction of the correct class. It turns out that the results of these methods are highly dependent on quality of user designed features and also suffer from curse of dimensionality. In this work we focus on extracting relations from clinical discharge summaries. Our main objective is to exploit the power of convolution neural network (CNN) to learn features automatically and thus reduce the dependency on manual feature engineering. We evaluate performance of the proposed model on i2b2-2010 clinical relation extraction challenge dataset. Our results indicate that convolution neural network can be a good model for relation exaction in clinical text without being dependent on expert's knowledge on defining quality features.
Bone disease in liver transplant recipients. (1993)

Osteopenic bone disease with atraumatic fracturing is a major cause of morbidity in liver transplant recipients. The course of bone loss after transplantation is biphasic, consisting of an early phase with acute loss of bone followed by stabilization or even improvement in bone density. The pathophysiology of the osteopenia is poorly understood, and treatment is supportive. Osteonecrosis is a second, less common skeletal complication after liver transplantation, assumed to be related to the use of corticosteroids.
Evaluation of histone sequence and modifications by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (1993)

The histones, together with other specialized proteins and DNA, form the extraordinarily complex structure of chromatin. Electrospray ionization (ESI) permits the promotion of such protein species into the gas phase as intact, multiply charged molecular species. Mass spectrometry (MS), using a linear quadrupole mass filter, permits measurement of the relative molecular mass of these intact species with precision and accuracy. The latter are sufficient to evaluate variations in the primary structure of the histones and the type and extent of the natural and induced multiple covalent modifications. The locations of modifications are revealed by tandem mass spectrometry using tandem linear quadrupole or ion trap instruments on the intact species or the modified peptides derived by selective proteolysis. Experiments in applying this technique to histones from K562, a human-derived cell line, have demonstrated variations in the profile of modification through the normal cell cycle and in the presence of agents that inhibit enzymes responsible for reversal of the modification. The authors are currently testing the hypothesis that ESI-MS will permit the sensitive and selective identification of insult-induced modifications, distinguishing them from natural cell-cycle changes. This will be possible because ESI-MS reveals the full details of the profile of multiple posttranslational modificationsmore » of histones.« less
A randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of multi‐layer silicone foam dressings for the prevention of pressure injuries in high‐risk aged care residents: The Border III Trial (2018)

Pressure injuries are prevalent in highly dependent aged care residents. This study investigated the clinical effectiveness of the application of the Mepilex Border Sacrum and Mepilex Heel dressings to prevent the development of facility-acquired pressure injuries. A total of 288 recently admitted residents were enrolled from 40 Australian nursing homes into a randomised controlled trial. Residents randomised to standard care (n = 150) received pressure injury prevention as recommended by international guidelines. Residents randomised to the intervention (n = 138) received standard pressure injury prevention care and had dressings applied to their sacrum and heels. Participants were comparable on demographic and physiological parameters. More residents in the control group developed pressure injuries than in the intervention group (16 vs 3, P = 0.004), and they developed more pressure injuries in total than residents in the intervention group. The results represent a relative risk reduction of 80% for residents treated with the dressings and for every 12 patients that we treated we prevented one pressure injury. Based on our findings, we conclude that the use of the Mölnlycke Mepilex Border Sacrum and Mepilex Heel dressings confers a significant additional protective benefit to nursing home residents with a high risk of developing a facility-acquired pressure injury.