gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Association between MPO-463 G/A Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme which is a member of the haem-peroxidase superfamily and plays a role in production of reactive oxygen species. The most common polymorphism in the promoter region of MPO gene is -463 G/A. It was shown that carrying the GG genotype means increased activity of the gene approximately 2-3-fold compared to GA and AA genotypes. It was found that hyperglycaemia, modified oxidized proteins and increased advanced glycosylated end products (AGE) are related to oxidative stress in diabetes. Under the hyperglycaemic conditions, production of reactive oxygen radical is elevated in smooth muscle endothelial cells, mesengial and tubular endothelial cells. Especially, elevated lipid oxidation plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as cardiovascular complications. We examined the MPO -463 G/A polymorphism by using the PCR-RFLP method in 145 type 2 diabetic patients and 151 healthy controls. We observed that the AA genotype and A allele were protective variants against type 2 diabetes and the GG genotype was a risk factor for diabetes. While we studied the relationship between genotypes and biochemical parameters, we found that patients with the A allele had decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL levels and body mass index. We suggest that the MPO gene has an important role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes because of the increased frequency of GG genotype, which is related to increased activity and oxidant capacity of MPO in the patients.
A Cost/Utility Analysis of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation versus Cast Immobilization for Acute Nondisplaced Mid-Waist Scaphoid Fractures (2006)

Compared with casting, open reduction and internal fixation is cost saving from the societal perspective ($5911 less per patient). When considering only direct costs, open reduction and internal fixation is cost-effective relative to other widely accepted interventions.
Mitochondrial association of myocilin, product of a glaucoma gene, in human trabecular meshwork cells (2007)

The trabecular meshwork (TM), an ocular tissue next to the cornea, is a major site for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow. Malfunctioning of this tissue is believed to be responsible for development of glaucoma, a major blinding disease. Myocilin is a gene directly linked to the most common form of glaucoma. Its protein product has been localized to both intra- and extra-cellular sites in TM cells. This study was to investigate the association of myocilin with mitochondria in TM cells. In vitro mitochondrial import assays showed that myocilin was imported to the TM mitochondria, targeting to mitochondrial membranes and/or the intermembrane space. The targeting was mediated mostly via the amino-terminal region of myocilin. When myocilin expression was induced either by treatment with dexamethasone or transfection with a myocilin construct, the mitochondrial membrane potential in TM cells, as assessed by JC-1 staining, was lowered. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot analyses confirmed that a portion of myocilin sedimented with the mitochondrial fractions. Upon anti-Fas treatment to provoke apoptosis, an increase of myocilin distribution in cytosolic fraction was observed, suggesting that myocilin was partially released from mitochondrial compartments. These results confirmed the association of myocilin with TM cell mitochondria and indicated that myocilin may have a proapoptotic role in TM cells.
Geographic Information Systems in Business (2005)

This book contains state-of-the-art research studies on the concepts, theory, processes, and real world applications of geographical information systems (GIS) in business. Its chapters are authored by many of the leading experts in applying GIS and geospatial science to business. This book utilizes a wide variety of approaches and methodologies including conceptual theory development, research frameworks, quantitative and qualitative methods, case studies, systems design, DSS theory, and geospatial analysis combined with point-of-sale. Since relatively little research has been published on GIS in business, this volume is pioneering and is the principal compendium of the latest research in this area. Geographic Information Systems in Business will impact not only the underlying definitions, concepts, and theories of GIS in business and industry, but its practice as well.
Quantified Risk Assessment of Shield Tunneling Effects on Urban Cement Concrete Pavement (2011)

When a shield machine is tunneling under an urban cement concrete road, the pavement settlements or deformation can be progressed into four stages: upheaval, subsidence, consolidation and subside. Therefore, it is inevitable that urban roads are often damaged and broke because of these incompatible settlements during the shield tunnel construction. It finally leads to many typical failures such as spall, fracture, pavement depression and faulting of slab ends in cement concrete pavements. So it needs to analyze these differently typical destructions and discuss risk loss in the whole life of roads. A quantified model of risk assessment is established on three parameters: the maximum settlement (Smax), pavement condition index (PCI) and risk loss (CR). And a case study is shown here to elucidate that the proposed model is useful for the risk assessment of damage conditions of cement concrete roads due to shield tunnel construction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide)−Poly(ε-caprolactone) Multiblock Copolymers (2003)

New poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)−poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multiblock copolymers were prepared by using the coupling reaction between the bischloroformates of carboxylated PLLA with PCL-diol in the presence of pyridine. All the copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and GPC and investigated further by using DSC, TGA, SAXD, WAXD, polarizing microscope, and Instron testing. The molecular weights of PLLA−PCL multiblock copolymers produced lay in the range 40 000−50 000. The multiblock copolymers produced exhibited only one melting peak, corresponding to the PLLA phase, even at a relatively high PCL content, whereas the PLLA−PCL−PLLA triblock copolymers had two melting peaks. The tensile moduli and strengths of the triblock copolymer were very high. On the other hand, the multiblock copolymers were flexible and elastic with relatively good mechanical properties. These copolymers behaved like thermoplastic elastomer due to the presence of physical cross-linking and strain recoveries of more than 95% at 100% strain. Degradation of the copolymers was investigated in PBS for up to 150 days. The random copolymer was found to be rapidly degraded, while the triblock and multiblock polymers were slowly degraded. The molecular weight of the multiblock copolymers decreased with time, but there were no significant changes in their chemical compositions. From 1H NMR studies, chain scission occurred in the PLLA blocks.
A Microlens Reactive Ion Etching Process Study on CMOS Image Sensor - Wen-Hao Lo (2018)

This paper is a preliminary attempt to evaluate the regulatory gap for Unmanned aerial system (UAS) operations in Sri Lanka and to propose improvements to the regulatory framework. Data were collected on the existing distribution of UAS usage in the country. A sample of users of UASs was surveyed to determine current and intended future use of UASs. Using UAS regulations applied elsewhere in the world and other scientific studies, a list of criteria was established. The relative importance of the established evaluation criteria was determined based on the perception of both UAS operators and a sample of the general public. Using the identified criteria and newly imposed UAS regulations in Sri Lanka, the regulatory gap analysis was performed to evaluate the regulatory performance.
A circular aperture antenna backed by a cavity (2003)

This paper presents a circular aperture antenna constructed using a triplate transmission line. The radiation characteristics are evaluated using the FDTD method. It is found that a circular cavity backing the aperture increases the radiation efficiency.
Printed Embedded Transducers: Capacitive Touch Sensors Integrated Into the Organic Coating of Metalic Substrates (2016)

We present the first realization of printed capacitive touch buttons and touch pads integrated into the organic coatings on sheet steel. The properties of coated sheet steel relevant for printing are discussed and compared with substrates, commonly used for printed electronics. Different designs and read-out methods for capacitive buttons on sheet steel have been screen printed and their sensitivity in dependence on design parameters is rated.
High-dose etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia in untreated first relapse: a study by the North American Marrow Transplant Group (1995)

Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To reduce the risk of relapse following BMT for patients with hematologic malignancy, our group developed a novel preparative regimen which combines high-dose etoposide with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (VPCyTBI). We now report the outcome of therapy with VPCyTBI followed by allogeneic BMT for 40 patients with AML in untreated first relapse. With the exception of increased stomatitis, the toxicity of this regimen was similar to that reported by others for CyTBI. Forty-four months after transplant the actuarial probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS), persistent or recurrent leukemia, and transplant related mortality were .29, .44, and .47 respectively. DFS was improved (P < .01) and risk of persistent or recurrent leukemia reduced (P = .005) among patients with significant (grade > or = 2) acute GVHD. Patients with 30% or more blasts on pre-BMT bone marrow examination were not at increased risk for persistent or recurrent leukemia. We conclude that VPCyTBI with allogeneic BMT is effective therapy for AML in untreated first relapse and that a randomized trial comparing this regimen with CyTBI is warranted.
A probabilistic model for network survivability in large scale failure scenarios (2012)

In this paper, we study the impact of time-varying large-scale failure scenarios on communication network infrastructure. Natural disasters such as earthquakes or nuclear explosions can cause such failures in the network. We model the impact of failure using deterministic and probabilistic failure models, and use simulations to evaluate the performance of a path restoration scheme in such scenarios. Different probabilistic scenarios are computed and discussed and compared to the deterministic method. Required restoration time in different probabilistic failure models is simulated and total number of restorable demands is calculated. The proposed approach can be used as a framework to evaluate required capacity and restoration time to refine restoration schemes for achieving better survivability levels.
[Detection and determination of acetone using semiconductor sensors]. (1989)

Investigations to examine not only the factors of influence on evaluation of acetone by self-prepared semiconductor gas sensors, but also to prove analytical properties, were carried out using different tools. A sensor temperature of 600 degrees C and a carrier gas flow-rate of 5 l/h were found to be suitable conditions for the measurement of flow-injection apparatus. The determination of 1 microliter-samples of aqueous solutions containing 1-700 g of acetone/l yielded deviations of 4 to 33%. Using a head space method, the working temperature of 370 degrees C led to a maximum sensor response, the detection limit ranged from 37.5 to 50 mg of acetone/l. After quantifying 5 microliters-sample solutions of 40-600 mg/l, results with an accuracy of 1 to 36% were obtained. The method showed the possibility of distinguishing concentrations of acetone below and above 40 mg/l according to physiological and pathological urinary values. The tests carried out on 100 human urine samples provide a good agreement with the Legal reference method for samples containing physiological or strong pathological amounts of ketone bodies, but not for those including traces and small amounts. False-positive results might be caused by a possible presence of ethanol in urine.
The Sizing Rules Method for CMOS and Bipolar Analog Integrated Circuit Synthesis (2008)

This paper presents the sizing rules method for basic building blocks in analog CMOS and bipolar circuit design. It consists of the development of a hierarchical library of transistor-pair groups as basic building blocks for analog CMOS and bipolar circuits, the derivation of a hierarchical generic list of constraints that must be satisfied to guarantee the function and robustness of each block, and the development of a reliable automatic recognition procedure of building blocks in a circuit schematic. Sizing rules efficiently capture design knowledge on the technology-specific level of transistor-pair groups. This reduces the effort and improves the resulting quality for analog circuit synthesis. Results of applications like circuit sizing, design centering, response surface modeling, or analog placement show the benefits of the sizing rules method.
Scheduling of Verticillium lecanii and Benomyl Applications to Maintain Aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) Control on Chrysanthemums in Greenhouses (1984)

A commercial formulation of Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas (Vertalec, Tate and Lyle, Reading, Great Britain) was evaluated to determine its efficacy in controlling the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette), on chrysanthemums in greenhouses, its persistence on chrysanthemum foliage, and the effect of benomyl foliar sprays on its activity. A single aqueous spray of Vertalec consistently and effectively controlled M. persicae. However, control of M. sanborni was inconsistent and commercially unacceptable. The half-life of conidia on chrysanthemum foliage at humidity levels ranging daily from ca. 65 to 90% RH was 4.18 ± 0.152 days. Viable spores were detected for as long as 2 weeks after treatment. Benomyl applied as a foliar spray inhibited Vertalec activity when the fungicide was applied 3 days before and immediately before Vertalec applications. Spray intervals of ∼7 days between a Vertalec application and a previous benomyl application appeared to have no deleterious effects on the bioaphicide.
Increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with medium term rheumatoid arthritis. (2001)

Our results suggest an accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with RA that is related mainly to lipid levels.
Development of a Clinical Research Agenda for Acute Kidney Injury Using an International, Interdisciplinary, Three-Step Modified Delphi Process (2008)

Research recommendations that are highly consistent across various stakeholder groups and between developed and developing countries have been produced. It is hoped that these recommendations will prove valuable in guiding future clinical and translational research in this area.
Compensated synchronous PI current controller in overmodulation range and six-step operation of space-vector-modulation-based vector-controlled drives (2002)

Overmodulation enhances the power utilization of the installed capacity of a voltage-source inverter. A space-vector strategy is used for constant-switching-frequency inverters. In order to achieve the overmodulation, a modified reference signal with nonuniform angular velocity is generated using a preprocessor. Such a reference wave produces low-frequency harmonics in currents. The presence of current harmonics restricts the bandwidth of the synchronous proportional plus integral current controller in the overmodulation range. A compensating current control is presented to allow for high-bandwidth current control in synchronous coordinates during overmodulation and six-step. The proposed scheme allows for an easy upgrade of a conventional vector control scheme to include overmodulation and, thus, reduce the design-to-market time.
Clinical course of essential thrombocythemia in 147 cases (1990)

The authors retrospectively analyzed the initial characteristics, treatment, and clinical course in 147 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Median age was 60 years and the M:F ratio was 0.69. At diagnosis, 53 patients were asymptomatic; 50 patients had functional symptoms (mainly vasomotor disturbances); 27 patients had large vessel thrombosis; 27 patients had a bleeding diathesis; and seven patients had both bleeding and thrombosis. The platelet count ranged from 0.7 to 2.92 × 1012/I. Forty-five of the 61 tested patients (61%) had prolonged bleeding time and/or platelet hypoaggregation. Three patients had in vitro spontaneous aggregation. No significant correlations were found between hemostatic findings and in vivo bleeding or thrombosis. The incidence of bleeding, however, was higher in patients with more than 2 × 1012/I platelets. Of 87 karyotypes performed with banding techniques, only four were abnormal. One hundred twenty-nine patients received one or more cytoreductive agents at diagnosis or during follow-up. Sixty patients received an antiaggregating agent. First-line therapy was radiophosphorus (32P) in 22 patients; busulfan in 35 patients; and hydroxyurea in 72 patients. Hydroxyurea required continuous maintenance therapy and had to be changed to another treatment in 12 of the initial responders because of inadequate control of thrombocythemia. During follow-up, 14 treated patients experienced one or several major thrombotic events. Two untreated patients also had major thrombosis. Only one major bleeding event was seen during follow-up. Median actuarial survival was 73.5% at 7 years and only one patient progressed to acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). These results suggest that large vessel thrombosis is the main complication of ET. It appears largely unpredictable in a given patient at diagnosis but can be largely prevented by the control of thrombocythemia. Because of the low incidence of side effects of treatment in this experience, the authors believe that cytoreductive therapy is indicated in most patients with ET, as long as a group of patients with very low risk of thrombosis is not defined in prospective studies.
The PsbQ Protein Is Required in Arabidopsis for Photosystem II Assembly/Stability and Photoautotrophy under Low Light Conditions (2006)

RNA interference was used to simultaneously suppress the expression of the two genes that encode the PsbQ proteins of Photosystem II (PS II) in Arabidopsis thaliana, psbQ-1 (At4g21280) and psbQ-2 (At4g05180). Two independent PsbQ-deficient plant lines were examined. These plant lines produced little detectable PsbQ protein. Under normal growth light conditions, the wild type and mutant plants were visually indistinguishable. Additionally, analysis of steady state oxygen evolution rates and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics indicated little alteration of photosynthetic capacity in the mutant plants. No loss of other PS II proteins was evident. Interestingly, flash oxygen yield analysis performed on thylakoid membranes isolated from the mutant and wild type plants indicated that the oxygen-evolving complex was quite unstable in the mutants. Furthermore, the lifetime of the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex appeared to be increased in these plants. Incubation of the wild type and mutant plants under low light growth conditions led to a significantly stronger observed phenotype in the mutants. The mutant plants progressively yellowed (after 2 weeks) and eventually died (after 3-4 weeks). The wild type plants exhibited only slight yellowing after 4 weeks under low light conditions. The mutant plants exhibited a large loss of a number of PS II components, including CP47 and the D2 protein, under low light conditions. Additionally, significant alterations of their fluorescence characteristics were observed, including an increased FO and decreased FV, yielding a large loss in PS II quantum efficiency (FV/FM). Analysis of QA- decay kinetics in the absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea indicated a defect in electron transfer from QA- to QB, whereas experiments performed in the presence of this herbicide indicated that the recombination rate between QA- and the S2 state was strongly retarded. These results indicate that the loss of the PsbQ protein induces significant changes in Photosystem II function, particularly in low light-grown plants, and that the PsbQ protein is required for photoautotrophic growth under low light conditions.
Debunking the 100X GPU vs. CPU myth (2010)

Recent advances in computing have led to an explosion in the amount of data being generated. Processing the ever-growing data in a timely manner has made throughput computing an important aspect for emerging applications. Our analysis of a set of important throughput computing kernels shows that there is an ample amount of parallelism in these kernels which makes them suitable for today's multi-core CPUs and GPUs. In the past few years there have been many studies claiming GPUs deliver substantial speedups (between 10X and 1000X) over multi-core CPUs on these kernels. To understand where such large performance difference comes from, we perform a rigorous performance analysis and find that after applying optimizations appropriate for both CPUs and GPUs the performance gap between an Nvidia GTX280 processor and the Intel Core i7-960 processor narrows to only 2.5x on average. In this paper, we discuss optimization techniques for both CPU and GPU, analyze what architecture features contributed to performance differences between the two architectures, and recommend a set of architectural features which provide significant improvement in architectural efficiency for throughput kernels.
Dry Etching of Polyimide in  O 2 ‐  CF 4 and  O 2 ‐  SF 6 Plasmas (1983)

The plasma etching of the type H Kapton polyimide film has been studied in a parallel plate reactor with two different gas mixtures; and . High etching rate (0.5–3 μm/min) has been obtained in both cases. At a pressure of 0.2 Torr an anomalous loading effect is observed which is attributed to the nitrogen released by the polyimide. The gaseous effluents from etching have been detected by mass spectrometry and indicate that both atomic oxygen and atomic fluorine are the main etchants of the polymer. A comparison with silicon etching in a plasma is made in order to give the main channels of the reaction scheme. XPS measurements of the polyimide surface before and after etching are consistent with the mass spectrometric observations.
A connectionist approach to multiple-view based 3-D object recognition (2002)

The authors propose a hierarchical approach to solving the surface and the vertex correspondence problems in multiple-view based 3-D object recognition systems. The proposed scheme is a coarse-to-fine search process, and a Hopfield network is employed at each stage. Compared with the conventional object matching schemes, the proposed technique provides a more general and compact formulation of the problem and a solution more suitable for parallel implementation. At the coarse search stage, the surface matching rates between the input image and each object model in the database are computed through a Hopfield network and used to select the candidates for further consideration. At the fine search stage, the object models selected from the previous stage are fed into another Hopfield network for vertex matching. The object model that has the best surface and vertex correspondences with the input image is finally singled out as the best matched model. Results of experiments using both line drawings and real range images to corroborate the proposed theory are also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>