gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neutronic feasibility study for LEU conversion of the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR). (1998)

A neutronic feasibility study for converting the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor from HEU to LEU fuel was performed at Argonne National Laboratory in cooperation with Brookhaven National Laboratory. Two possible LEU cores were identified that would provide nearly the same neutron flux and spectrum as the present HEU core at irradiation facilities that are used for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and for animal research. One core has 17 and the other has 18 LEU MTR-type fuel assemblies with uranium densities of 2.5g U/cm{sup 3} or less in the fuel meat. This LEU fuel is fully-qualified for routine use. Thermal hydraulics and safety analyses need to be performed to complete the feasibility study.
Neural Networks Hammerstein Model Identification Based On Particle Swarm Optimization (2008)

A new approach to nonlinear system identification using evolutionary neural networks and particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been proposed. Model in this approach consists of a static nonlinear function in series with a dynamic linear system, which has been referred to Hammerstein model. Neural Networks is used to approximate nonlinear function and PSO is resorted to find, the optimal values of the coefficients of the linear part and, the parameters of the nonlinear approximator. Chebychev's polynomials and Taylor's power series are also implemented as two conventional nonlinear function approximators. In this paper despite the other works only input- output data are used to parameters identification and we don't use any other intermediate signals. The simulation results show the effectiveness of NN with respect to latter approximators. Also, numerical example shows that PSO is well suited to deal with system identification problems.
Development of High Coercive Powder From the Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet Scrap (2004)

There have been many studies to recycle abandoned Nd-Fe-B magnets. Of these, some studied the conversion of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet scrap to bonded magnet powder. This conversion, however, has never been used in production yet. The present study aims to develop a highly coercive magnet powder for bonded magnets from Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet scrap. In general, the magnetic property of the powders is dramatically lost through crushing of the sintered magnet because of microstructural damage. The magnetic property of the powders is partly recovered by a heat-treatment due to the healing of microstructural damages. The coercivity of the powders could be fully restored by heat-treatment with a surface modifier such as DyF/sub 3/. Surface-morphology change and microstructural uniformity may lower the nucleation sites of reversed domains, which may be responsible for recovery of demagnetization loop squareness and an increase in /sub i/H/sub c/. An anisotropic powder obtained from the Nd-Fe-B magnet scrap exhibits B/sub r/=11.6 kG, /sub i/H/sub c/=13.3 kOe, and (BH)/sub max/=31.1 MGOe.
Separate Proliferation Kinetics of Fibroblast Growth Factor-Responsive and Epidermal Growth Factor-Responsive Neural Stem Cells within the Embryonic Forebrain Germinal Zone (2000)

The embryonic forebrain germinal zone contains two separate and additive populations of epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-responsive stem cells that both exhibit self-renewal and multipotentiality. Although cumulative S phase labeling studies have investigated the proliferation kinetics of the overall population of precursor cells within the forebrain germinal zone through brain development, little is known about when and how (symmetrically or asymmetrically) the small subpopulations of stem cells are proliferating in vivo. This has been determined by injecting timed-pregnant mice with high doses of tritiated thymidine ((3)H-thy) to kill any stem cells proliferating within the striatal germinal zone in vivo and then by assaying for neurosphere formation in vitro. Injections of 0.8 mCi of (3)H-thy given every 2 hr for 12 hr to timed-pregnant mice at E11, E14, and E17 resulted in significant depletions in the number of neurospheres generated by FGF-responsive stem cells at E11 and by EGF-responsive and FGF-responsive stem cells at E14 and E17. With increasing embryonic age, the depletions observed in the number of neurospheres generated in vitro in response to FGF2 after exposure to (3)H-thy in vivo decreased, suggesting there is an increase in the length of the cell cycle of FGF-responsive neural stem cells through embryonic development. The results suggest that the FGF-responsive stem cell population expands between E11 and E14 by dividing symmetrically, but switches to primarily asymmetric division between E14 and E17. The EGF-responsive stem cells arise after E11, and their population expands through symmetric divisions and through asymmetric divisions of FGF-responsive stem cells.
Acetonitrile Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Locate Double Bonds in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (1999)

A rapid method is presented for determining the location of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum of the chemical ionization reagent acetonitrile in an ion trap includes a m/z 54 ion, identified previously as 1-methyleneimino-1-ethenylium ion. We show that it reacts with double bonds of polyunsaturated FAME to yield a series of covalent product ions all appearing at (M + 54)+. Collisional dissociation of these ions yields diagnostic fragments, permitting unambiguous localization of double bonds. For methylene-interrupted and conjugated FAME, one of these fragments results from loss of the hydrocarbon end of the chain, while the other involves loss of the methyl ester. Major diagnostic-fragment ions for monoene and diene FAME occur as a result of cleavage adjacent to either allylic sites or double bonds in the original analyte and appear at one mass unit above the mass expected for homolytic cleavage. Fragmentation of polyene FAME yields major diagnostic ions resulting from cleavage between double bonds that appear one mass unit lower. The method is shown to produce highly characteristic spectra for FAME with 1 to 6 double bonds. Identification of double-bond position in highly unsaturated fatty acids is demonstrated in a mixture of unknown polyunsaturated FAME from an extract of cultured Y79 human retinoblastoma cells.
Chromosome Rearrangement and Diversification of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Revealed by the Type B (OSU18) Genome Sequence (2006)

The gamma-proteobacterium Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious human pathogens, and the highly virulent organism F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and less virulent organism F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) are most commonly associated with significant disease in humans and animals. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation for a low-passage type B strain (OSU18) isolated from a dead beaver found near Red Rock, Okla., in 1978. A comparison of the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica sequence with that of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain Schu4 (P. Larsson et al., Nat. Genet. 37:153-159, 2005) highlighted genetic differences that may underlie different pathogenicity phenotypes and the evolutionary relationship between type A and type B strains. Despite extensive DNA sequence identity, the most significant difference between type A and type B isolates is the striking amount of genomic rearrangement that exists between the strains. All but two rearrangements can be attributed to homologous recombination occurring between two prominent insertion elements, ISFtu1 and ISFtu2. Numerous pseudogenes have been found in the genomes and are likely contributors to the difference in virulence between the strains. In contrast, no rearrangements have been observed between the OSU18 genome and the genome of the type B live vaccine strain (LVS), and only 448 polymorphisms have been found within non-transposase-coding sequences whose homologs are intact in OSU18. Nonconservative differences between the two strains likely include the LVS attenuating mutation(s).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazolo(1,5‐a)indole Derivatives. Part 6. Preparation and Reaction of 3‐Oxo‐3H‐pyrazolo(1,5‐a)indole Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bacteriophage T4 Dda Helicase Translocates in a Unidirectional Fashion on Single-stranded DNA (1995)

The T4 bacteriophage Dda helicase is believed to be involved in early events in T4 DNA replication and has been shown to stimulate genetic recombination processes in vitro. Dda unwinds double-stranded DNA with 5' to 3' polarity but its ability to translocate on DNA has not been established. The DNA stimulated ATPase activity of Dda helicase has been used to probe translocation on single-strand DNA (ssDNA). Dda exhibits higher ATPase activity in the presence of poly(dT) than oligo(dT)16, indicating that Dda translocates on ssDNA. Oligonucleotides containing biotin/streptavidin blocks on the 5' or 3' end were used to probe directionality of translocation. The Kact (Km for DNA) for Dda ATPase activity was reduced in the presence of a streptavidin block on the 3' end, whereas a streptavidin block on the 5' end had only a small effect on the steady-state ATPase parameters. These results suggest that Dda translocates unidirectionally in a 5' to 3' manner and upon encountering the block remains bound to the oligonucleotide rather than sliding off the 3' end. The direction of translocation on ssDNA is consistent with the direction in which Dda unwinds duplex DNA and is not dependent on duplex structure.
Hairpins in a Haystack: recognizing microRNA precursors in comparative genomics data (2006)

The program RNAmicro is available as source code and can be downloaded from http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig/Software/RNAmicro.
On 3D Inverse Design of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers With Splitter Blades (1998)

In the design of centrifugal compressor impellers with splitter blades it is quite common to use the same blade shapes on the full and splitter blades with the splitters placed at the mid-pitch location. However, recent results using conventional design methodology have indicated that by moving the pitchwise location of the leading edge of the splitter it is possible to improve splitter performance. In this paper a 3D inverse design method is developed for the design of compressor impellers with splitters. In this design method the blades are designed subject to a specified distribution of the circulation on the full and splitter blades. The paper describes the choice of loading (or derivative of circulation with respect to meridional distance) and stacking condition to limit the complexity of the blade shape. Two different generic impellers are designed with different splitter leading edge location. The performance of these inverse designed impellers is then compared with the corresponding conventional impellers by using a 3D viscous code at design and off-design conditions.
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in COS cells transfected with immunoglobulin mu heavy chain cDNA. (1991)

The mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins are induced by the accumulation of incompletely assembled or malfolded proteins in the ER is poorly understood. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (BiP), one of the ER stress proteins, has often been detected in stable complexes with these accumulated proteins. We have transfected COS cells with an immunoglobulin (Ig) mu heavy chain expression plasmid. Expressed mu-chain accumulated in the cells and formed stable complexes with BiP. As a result, the synthesis of three ER stress proteins, BiP, the 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94/ERp99), and ERp72, was increased as were their mRNA levels. In addition, the degradation rate of BiP was increased, possibly because of its interaction with mu-chain. Cotransfection of the mu-chain plasmid with an Ig lambda light chain expression plasmid resulted in the appearance of mu-chain in the media in a covalent complex with lambda-chain. An intracellular consequence of this was a reduction in the levels of BiP.mu-chain complex, and a diminished stimulation in the synthesis of the ER stress proteins. These results suggest that the BiP.mu-chain complex in the ER may be involved in the signaling pathway for the induction of ER stress proteins and may represent one regulatory mechanism operating in differentiating B-lymphocytes.
Platinum-Catalyzed Reactions of Silacyclobutanes and 1,3-Disilacyclobutanes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlatinum-Catalyzed Reactions of Silacyclobutanes and 1,3-DisilacyclobutanesDonald R. Weyenberg and Lee E. NelsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 8, 2618–2621Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01019a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of Migration Inhibition Factor by Spleen Cells of Normal Rats upon Culture <i>in vitro</i> with Tumor Cells and Cells Expressing Endogenous Virus (1979)

Abstract Spleen cells from normal rats of W/Fu, Fischer, Sprague-Dawley, and BDIX strains produced migration inhibition factor (MIF) upon culture in vitro with puromycin-treated rat cell lines expressing leukemia viruses or endogenous C-type viruses. Brown Norway rats were almost invariably unreactive. The MIF reactivity of most normal rats did not appear to be due to environmental stimuli because germfree rats were also positive. There was no apparent age restriction for expression of MIF activity; spleen cells from 1-week-old rats produced detectable levels of MIF, and this reactivity was also found in the oldest tested rats, at 34 weeks of age. In addition to spleen cells, lymphoid cells from the blood, peritoneal cavity, and lymph nodes, but not thymus, also were able to produce MIF in response to tumor cells. When (C58NT)D tumor cells, which were routinely used as the stimulators of MIF production, were inoculated into W/Fu rats, the characteristics or extent of preexisting reactivity were not altered. However, spleen cells of most rats bearing progressively growing (C58NT)D tumors did not show a MIF response in vitro. MIF production by spleen cells was dependent upon the presence of macrophages. Spleen cells depleted of phagocytic and adherent cells were unable to produce MIF upon incubation by tumor cells; however, the MIF response could be restored by adding allogeneic or syngeneic macrophages to the depleted spleen cells. The helper role of macrophages in the generation of MIF by spleen cells did not appear to involve antigen presentation because direct contact between macrophages and the responder cells was not necessary, and soluble factor(s) released by macrophages could substitute for the macrophage helper function. The effector cells of MIF production were nonadherent, lacked detectable Fc receptors for IgG, and were resistant to lysis by anti-T cell serum plus complement. Because the MIF response was present in apparently normal rats, this appears to be an expression of natural immunity that may be analogous to natural killer cell activity.
Experimental Demonstration of ROADM Functionality on an Optical SCFDM Superchannel (2011)

In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) functionality on an orthogonal band multiplexed (OBM) single-carrier frequency-division-multiplexing (SCFDM) superchannel. As far as we know, this is the first time that ROADM functionality for individual band with frequency spacing of 10 GHz is realized.
Role of Electrolytes on Charge Recombination in Dye-Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> Solar Cell (1):  The Case of Solar Cells Using the I<sup>-</sup>/I<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> Redox Couple (2005)

Performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was investigated depending on the compositions of the electrolyte, i.e., the electrolyte with a different cation such as Li(+), tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA(+)), or 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium (DMPIm(+)) in various concentrations, with and without 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), and with various concentrations of the I(-)/I(3)(-) redox couple. Current-voltage characteristics, electron lifetime, and electron diffusion coefficient were measured to clarify the effects of the constituents in the electrolyte on the charge recombination kinetics in the DSCs. Shorter lifetimes were found for the DSCs employing adsorptive cations of Li(+) and DMPIm(+) than for a less-adsorptive cation of TBA(+). On the other hand, the lifetimes were not influenced by the concentrations of the cations in the solutions. Under light irradiation, open-circuit voltages of DSCs decreased in the order of TBA(+)> DMPIm(+) > Li(+), and also decreased with the increase of [Li(+)]. The decreases of open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) were attributed to the positive shift of the TiO(2) conduction band potential (CBP) by the surface adsorption of DMPIm(+) and Li(+). These results suggest that the difference of the free energies between that of the electrons in the TiO(2) and of I(3)(-) has little influence on the electron lifetimes in the DSCs. The shorter lifetime with the adsorptive cations was interpreted with the thickness of the electrical double layer formed by the cations, and the concentration of I(3)(-) in the layer, i.e., TBA(+) formed thicker double layer resulting in lower concentration of I(3)(-) on the surface of the TiO(2). The addition of 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in the presence of Li(+) or TBA(+) showed no significant influence on the lifetime. The increase of V(oc) by the addition of tBP into the electrolyte containing Li(+) and the I(-)/I(3)(-) redox couple was mainly attributed to the shift of the CBP back to the negative potential by reducing the amount of adsorbed Li cations.
Constructions and Attacks on Hash Functions (2019)

This paper presents a study about the construction models that are used to build hash functions. The study covers Merkle-Damgård, Sponge, HAIFA, Wide-Pipe, and Parallel-Tree constructions. Moreover, attacks on hash functions are also discussed in this paper. The major attacks on hash functions are presented with counter-attack methodology from the literature. This work helps the researchers in the area of cryptography hash functions to avoid any possibility of security threats in future designs.
Cardiac Pacemakers Step by Step: An Illustrated Guide (2003)

What is a Pacemaker?.Recording Pacemaker Activity.Fundamentals of Electricity.Ventricular Stimulation.Pacing Leads.Sensing-basic Concepts.Sensing-advanced Concepts.Basic Pacemaker Electrocardiography.Other Single Chamber Pacemakers.DDD Pacemakers-basic Functions.DDD Pacemakers-upper Rate Response.Atrioventricular Interval.Retrograde Ventriculoatrial Synchrony in Dual Chamber Pacemakers.All Dual Chamber Pacemakers Function in the DDD Mode.Types of Lower Rate Timing.Atrial Capture.Automatic Mode Switching.Pacemaker Radiography.Oversensing.Troubleshooting.Pacemaker Hemodynamics and Rate-adaptive Pacing.Pacemaker Tachycardias-Part 1.Pacemaker Tachycardias-Part 2.Treatment of Tachycardia.Pacemaker Interference.Biventricular Pacing.Pacemaker Follow-up.Conclusion.Text: overview of cardiac pacemakers.Index
Building a reliable mutable file system on peer-to-peer storage (2003)

This paper sketches the design of the Eliot File System (Eliot), a mutable file system that maintains the pure immutability of its peer-to-peer (P2P) substrate by isolating mutation in an auxiliary metadata service. The immutability of address-to-content bindings has several advantages in P2P systems. However mutable file systems are desirable because they allow clients to update existing files; a necessary property for many applications. In order to facilitate modifications, the file system must provide some atom of mutability. Since this atom of mutability is a fundamental characteristic of the file system and not the underlying storage substrate, it is a mistake to violate the integrity of the substrate with special cases for mutability. Instead, Eliot employs a separate, generalized metadata service that isolates all mutation and client state in an auxiliary replicated database. Eliot provides fine-granularity file updates with either AFS open-close or NFS-like consistency semantics. Eliot builds a mutable filesystem on a global resource bed of purely immutable P2P block storage.
Kernel Number Prediction in Maize under Nitrogen or Water Stress (2002)

Final kernel number in maize ( Zea mays L.) is closely associated with the physiological condition of the crop during the critical period bracketing silking. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a common underlying relationship between kernel number per plant (KNP) and plant growth rate (PGR) during that critical period when plant growth varies because of different abiotic stresses. A relationship between KNP and PGR obtained from a previous study of variation in plant density and incident radiation was used as reference. KNP and PGR were measured in experiments in which incident radiation per plant, nitrogen (N), and water availabilities were the experimental sources of variation. The equation fitted to the data obtained at different radiation levels explained 72% of the variation in the data obtained at different levels of N or water availability. Moreover, different models for each set of data did not provide a significantly better fit than a single model for the two sets of data combined. A common relationship between KNP and PGR was also obtained when N supply and water availability were variable. The relationship between KNP and PGR obtained for treatments in which PGR was varied through plant density and shading also could predict KNP for conditions in which PGR was affected by water and/or N deficiencies. The PGR during the critical period of kernel set is a good predictor of the capacity of the maize plant to set kernels under a wide range of environmental and management practices.
Gain clamping in L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a fiber Bragg grating (2002)

A gain-clamping technique for the long wavelength band (L-band) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is presented. It uses a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) on the input side of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to inject a portion of backward conventional band (C-band) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) back into the system. The use of a narrow-band (NB) FBG has shown a better performance in clamped-gain level and noise figure compared to a broad-band FBG. The amplifier gain for the NB FBG set up is clamped at 15.4 dB with a variation of less than 0.3 dB for an input power as high as 0 dBm.