gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient caching of temporary files (2002)

Caching has emerged as an important method of improving the performance of distributed file systems. May researchers have shown that network traffic, server load and file access times can all be significantly reduced by caching files on the client. The authors propose to improve cache performance by increasing flush times for temporary files and performing directory operations of temporary files on the client since temporary files have unique features that allow it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multimedia data broadcasting strategies (2001)

Data broadcasting in support of multimedia applications requires efficient use of bandwidth resources in order to maximize the availability of playout content. A broadcast architecture has been specified by the Digital Video Broadcasting consortium to allow service providers to multiplex data, using various protocols, into an MPEG-2 transport stream. This architecture, however, has not specified how to optimize the use of the broadcast channel. This article discusses certain strategies, based on test and measurement, that have been implemented to maximize the use of the broadcast channel (satellite and cable) for supporting multimedia applications.
Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenations of <i>N</i>-Pyruvoyl-(<i>S</i>)-proline Esters (1987)

Abstract Asymmetric catalytic hydrogenations of the entitled compounds were carried out over palladium on charcoal in various solvents to afford N-[(S)-lactoyl]-(S)-proline esters with a d.e.(=diastereoisomeric excess) of up to 59%. The stereochemistry of the catalytic hydrogenation was explained by the “chelation mechanism.” And the effects of temperature and bulkiness of the ester groups on the asymmetric induction were also described.
Activation of protein kinases and inhibition of protein phosphatases play a central role in the regulation of exocytosis in mouse pancreatic beta cells. (1994)

The mechanisms that regulate insulin secretion were investigated using capacitance measurements of exocytosis in single beta cells maintained in tissue culture. Exocytosis was stimulated by voltage-clamp depolarizations to activate the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels that mediate Ca2+ influx into the beta cell. Under basal conditions, the exocytotic responses were small despite large Ca2+ currents. The exocytotic responses were dramatically increased (10- to 20-fold) by conditions that promote protein phosphorylation, such as activation of protein kinases A and C or inhibition of protein phosphatases. The stimulation of secretion was not due to an enhancement of Ca2+ influx and both peak and integrated Ca2+ currents were largely unaffected. Our data indicate that exocytosis in the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cell is determined by a balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. They further suggest that although Ca2+ is required for the initiation of exocytosis, modulation of exocytosis by protein kinases and phosphatases, at a step distal to the elevation of Ca2+, is of much greater quantitative importance. Thus an elevation of Ca2+ may represent a permissive rather than a decisive factor in the regulation of the insulin secretory process.
Recent advances in optimized geophysical survey design (2010)

Abstract Survey design ultimately dictates the quality of subsurface information provided by practical implementations of geophysical methods. It is therefore critical to design experimental procedures that cost effectively produce those data that maximize the desired information. This review cites recent advances in statistical experimental design techniques applied in the earth sciences. Examples from geoelectrical, crosswell and surface seismic, and microseismic monitoring methods are included. Using overdetermined 1D and 2D geoelectrical examples, a minor subset of judiciously chosen measurements provides a large percentage of the information content theoretically offered by the geoelectrical method. In contrast, an underdetermined 2D seismic traveltime tomography design study indicates that the information content increases almost linearly with the amount of traveltime data (source-receiver pairs) considered until the underdeterminancy is reduced substantially. An experimental design study of frequency-domain seismic-waveform inversion experiments reveals that a few optimally chosen frequencies offer as much subsurface information as the full bandwidth. A nonlinear experimental design for a seismic amplitude-versus-angle survey identifies those incidence angles most important for characterizing a reservoir. A nonlinear design example shows that designing microseismic monitoring surveys based on array aperture is a poor strategy that almost certainly leads to suboptimal designs.
Identification of antigen‐specific B cells by concurrent monitoring of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization and antigen binding with microwell array chip system equipped with a CCD imager (2009)

B cells are very heterogeneous, consisting of more than 10(9) B-cell clones with distinct specificities for antigens in each individual. To identify single B cells with antigen specificity, we have been developing cell microarray technology using microwell array chips whose microwells each capture a single B cell. Using microwell array chips, we detected antigen-specific B cells by monitoring antigen-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization with a CCD scanner (MAC-CCD system) or the binding of fluorescence-labeled antigen to cells with a confocal laser scanner. We retrieved target cells from the chip, cloned immunoglobulin genes, and produced antigen-specific antibodies. However, these methods present some difficulties: the former technique could not detect cells whose frequency was less than 0.05% and the latter one took a long time to identify the objective cells although it could detect cells at a frequency of 0.01%. Here, we have combined the advantages of these two methods. Monitoring antigen-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilizations and the binding of fluorescence-labeled antigens simultaneously with a MAC-CCD system enabled us to detect rapidly, antigen-specific B cells whose frequency was less than 0.01% with high efficiency. Our system provides a superior screening system for antigen-specific B cells and extends the horizons of multiparameter single-cell analysis in heterogeneous cell populations.
LocaWard: A security and privacy aware location-based rewarding system (2013)

The proliferation of mobile devices has driven the mobile marketing to surge in the past few years. Emerging as a new type of mobile marketing, mobile location-based services (MLBSs) have attracted intense attention recently. Unfortunately, current MLBSs have a lot of limitations and raise many concerns, especially about system security and users' privacy. In this paper, we propose a new location-based rewarding system, called LocaWard, where mobile users can collect location-based tokens from token distributors, and then redeem their gathered tokens at token collectors for beneficial rewards. Tokens act as virtual currency. The token distributors and collectors can be any commercial entities or merchants that wish to attract customers through such a promotion system, such as stores, restaurants, and car rental companies. We develop a security and privacy aware location-based rewarding protocol for the LocaWard system, and prove the completeness and soundness of the protocol. Moreover, we show that the system is resilient to various attacks and mobile users' privacy can be well protected in the meantime. We finally implement the system and conduct extensive experiments to validate the system efficiency in terms of computation, communication, energy consumption, and storage costs.
Effect of Lignin Incorporation and Reactive Compatibilization on the Morphological, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of ABS Resin (2012)

In order to develop the potential application of industrial alkali lignin, its acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites were fabricated via melt blending in the absence/presence of a compatibilizer. The lignin can uniformly disperse in the ABS matrix with number-average dispersed-phase domains of sub-micron scale, ranging from 150–250 nm, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy reveals that strong intermolecular interactions, mainly hydrogen bonding, were responsible for their good interfacial compatibility. Rheological behaviors show that the presence of lignin restricts to some extent the relaxation of polymer chains without affecting the processing properties of ABS resin. The presence of lignin increases storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g) of ABS. Incorporating small amounts of lignin, e.g. 5 wt%, can produce ABS composites with enhanced tensile strength and modulus, while higher loading of lignin will reduce mechanical properties. The latter, however, can be improved by reactive compatibilization.
Intake and Nutritional Quality of Different Types of Onions by Lambs (2014)

Onions (Allium cepa) may reduce some nutritional deficiencies in ruminants. In addition, onions reportedly contain L-cysteine which may bind with the toxic compound in bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata) to create a less toxic compound. We compared intake, nutritional quality, and L-cysteine levels among the types of onions. Red, yellow, or white onions were fed to Rambouillet lambs in individual pens in April, July, and November. A fourth treatment only received the basal diet of alfalfa (control). Intake was monitored daily. Weights were taken at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Packed cell volume was measured in each feeding trial to assess anemia. During the April trial, serum metabolite levels, that are indicative of toxicosis, were also measured. Intake of onions and alfalfa were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Packed cell volume was lower (P < 0.05) for lambs fed alfalfa alone in April, but was similar among all treatments in July and November. L-cysteine levels were undetected when measured in April. Serum metabolite levels remained within normal levels. Nutritional quality was also similar among types of onions. Lambs readily consumed onions and avoided toxicosis even when onions made up 100% of the diet.
Watching Nanocrystals Grow (2009)

In situ transmission electron microscopy has revealed unprecedented detail in the growth of platinum nanocrystals.
Assay and properties of acetone carboxylase, a novel enzyme involved in acetone-dependent growth and CO2 fixation in Rhodobacter capsulatus and other photosynthetic and denitrifying bacteria (1997)

The photosynthetic bacterium <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> is able to grow, in the presence of carbon dioxide, under anaerobic (photosynthetic) conditions with the solvents acetone or butanone as carbon source. The carboxylation of acetone to form acetoacetate is the most likely initial step in acetone metabolism. This paper describes an assay for acetone carboxylation, in which fixation of radiolabeled carbon dioxide from NaH<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>3</sub> is measured in the presence of acetone, ATP, magnesium ions and acetyl-CoA. Acetone carboxylase activity was specifically induced by growth of <i>R. capsulatus</i> on acetone or butanone and was associated with a high-molecular-mass protein complex containing two major polypeptides, of 70 and 85 kDa. Partial purification of the activity was achieved by FPLC ion-exchange chromatography, which confirmed that the 70 and 85 kDa proteins were subunits of the enzyme and suggested that at least one additional protein (60 kDa) may be associated with carboxylase activity. N-terminal sequences of the two major subunits were not significantly similar to any other carboxylases in the databases and neither contained covalently bound biotin, indicating that the enzyme represents a novel type of carboxylase. Acetone carboxylase activity was also demonstrated in cell-free extracts of acetone-grown <i>Rhodomicrobium vannielii</i> and the denitrifying bacterium <i>Thiosphaera pantotropha</i>.
Short Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Repair of Uncomplicated Groin Hernia Using Polyester Anatomical Mesh Without Fixation (2017)

<i>Background:</i> Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of groin hernia can be performed with or without mesh ﬁxation. Fixation can result in postoperative pain or paresthesia due to nerve entrapment. Compared to polypropylene mesh, polyester anatomical mesh (Parietex<sup>®</sup>, Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA) has a special configuration to fit the posterior inguinal anatomy. Also, the polyester-based chemistry and the rapidly absorbable biological coating increase the hydrophilicity of the mesh, which is thought to result in a fast and intimate tissue ingrowth that may obviate the need for fixation. <i>Patients and Methods:</i> Laparoscopic TEP repair using Parietex<sup>®</sup> anatomical mesh without ﬁxation was performed for 60 patients presenting with 63 uncomplicated groin hernias. <i>Results:</i> All patients were males with a mean age of 44.7±14.75 years. There were 60 (95.3%) primary, 3 (5%) bilateral inguinal and 2 (3.3%) femoral hernias. The mean operative time was 64.8±22.6 minutes. There were no major operative complications or conversions to transabdominal preperitoneal or open repair. In the early postoperative period, 54 patients (90%) had mild or no pain. Nine patients (15%) developed minor postoperative complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.1±0.3 days and the mean time of return to normal daily activities and to work was 2.6±0.64 and 7.15±1.13 days respectively. No patient developed chronic groin pain, mesh-related complications or recurrences during the study period. Ninety one percent of patients described their satisfaction with surgery as good or excellent. <i>Conclusion:</i> laparoscopic TEP repair of uncomplicated groin hernia using Parietex<sup>®</sup> anatomical mesh without fixation is safe and does not increase the risk of hernia recurrence.
The invariant theory of isotropic turbulence (1940)

The statistical theory of isotropic turbulence, initiated by Taylor (3) and extended by de Kármán and Howarth (2), has proved of value in attacking problems associated with the decay of turbulence. In its application to such hydro-dynamical problems, the theory falls into two parts, a kinematical part and a dynamical part. The kinematical aspect consists in setting up correlations between velocity components, or their derivatives, at two arbitrary points in the fluid, and reducing the form of the tensor thus obtained in accordance with the severely restrictive assumption of isotropic turbulence; the success of de Kármán and Howarth's investigations is largely attributable to their improved treatment of this purely kinematical problem. The dynamical part then consists in applying the implications of the equations of continuity and motion to the functions defining the correlation tensors, in order to obtain information concerning their functional dependence on time and on the displacement between the two points for which the correlations are computed.
Use of a perceptually‐regulated test to measure maximal oxygen uptake is valid and feels better (2013)

A maximal, perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRETmax) whereby participants control the intensity according to preset ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may induce more positive affective responses than a conventional 'experimenter controlled' incremental ramp test (Iramp). The authors aimed to assess (1) if a PRETmax could be used to measure VO(2max) and (2) if affective responses differed between the PRETmax and Iramp. Sixteen participants (age 20.5, s=1.2 y) completed a PRETmax which required them to adjust the resistance on a recumbent cycle ergometer to correspond to prescribed RPEs of 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 and an Iramp. Both tests ended with volitional exhaustion. Affect was recorded every minute throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS). There was no difference (P>0.05) between VO(2max) measured by PRETmax (43.5, s=4.1 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and Iramp (44.3, s=4.9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). Participants reported feeling significantly less negative (P<0.001) throughout the PRETmax compared to Iramp (average mean difference FS = 1.4, s=0.1). The PRETmax has application in situations where the direct measurement of VO(2max) is required and the affective responses of the individual are considered to be important.
Prognostic Factors in Node-Negative Breast Cancer (2002)

In large studies with extended follow-up periods, tumor size, tumor grade, cathepsin-D, Ki-67, S-phase fraction, mitotic index, and vascular invasion showed a significant association with survival outcome measures in patients with early-stage node-negative breast cancer. Because of technical difficulties and variations in the measurement of many of these factors, tumor size and tumor grade remain the only markers that currently have broad clinical usefulness for this patient group.
Catalytic hydrocracking of phenanthrene over NiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts and metal-loaded Y-zeolites. (1990)

The preliminary experiments on hydrocracking of phenanthrene were carried out at a reaction temperature of 400°C for 1h, with an initial hydrogen pressure of 7Mpa. Three kinds of metal-ion exchanged Y-zeolites (NiH-Y, FeH-Y, LaH-Y) and H-Y zeolite were prepared and their catalytic behaviors were investigated. Two commercial catalysts (NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3) were used as references. It was found that NiH-Y zeolite had the highest hydrocracking activity and conversion of phenanthrene reached 81%. At the same time, comparatively high yields of alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes were attained. H-Y and LaH-Y zeolites both gave similar results, attaining comparatively low conversion of 46%. FeH-Y zeolite showed lower activity but higher selectivity toward formation of partially hydrogenated phenanthrene. The order of conversion of phenanthrene and the yields of benzenes and naphthalenes were as follows: NiH-Y>H-Y≈LaH-Y>NiMo/Al2O3≈ CoMo/Al2O3>FeH-Y. The results of the present study showed that Ni-loaded Y-zeolite has a high potential for the production of fine chemicals from hydrocracking of phenanthrene.
The role of nanostructures and quantum dots in detectors and solar cells for radiation hardened space applications (2006)

Highly efficient IR detectors and photo-voltaic solar cells that incorporate nanotechnology composed of nanostructures and nanoparticles (including quantum dots) will play an important role in advanced photonic space applications. While the development of Si-based solar cells has successfully evolved into an efficient and economical technology these devices are predicted to soon reach their theoretical 29% limit efficiency. Alternative organic/polymer solar cells and IR detectors incorporating quantum dots and various nanoparticle or nanostructure materials are emerging which are expected to eventually outperform current state-of-the-art detectors and solar cell devices. By tailoring the QD design wavelength-optimized detectors and detector arrays operating over the UV-IR range can be realized. Specific examples for achieving near-IR photovoltaic and photoconductive detectors with high quantum efficiencies are presented along with brief examples of empirical data reported for assessing the radiation resistance of QD nanocrystalline devices for application in space environments.
Regional distribution of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease. (1990)

Several epidemiological studies have reported that the regional distribution of body fat is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related mortality. Although these associations are well established, the causal mechanisms are not fully understood. Numerous studies have, however, shown that specific topographic features of adipose tissue are associated with metabolic complications that are considered as risk factors for CVD such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and changes in the concentration of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The present article summarizes the evidence on the metabolic correlates of body fat distribution. Potential mechanisms for the association between body fat distribution, metabolic complications, and CVD are reviewed, with an emphasis on plasma lipoprotein levels and plasma lipid transport. From the evidence available, it seems likely that subjects with visceral obesity represent the subgroup of obese individuals with the highest risk for CVD. Although body fat distribution is now considered as a more significant risk factor for CVD and related death rate than obesity per se, further research is clearly needed to identify the determinants of body fat distribution and the causal mechanisms involved in the metabolic alterations. It appears certain, however, that an altered plasma lipid transport is a significant component of the relation between body fat distribution and CVD.
Automating path analysis for building causal models from data: first results and open problems (1993)

Path analysis is a generalization of multiple linear regression that builds models with causal interpretations. It is an exploratory or discovery procedure for finding causal structure in correlational data. Recently, we have applied path analysis to the problem of building models of AI programs, which are generally complex and poorly understood. For example, we built by hand a path-analytic causal model of the behavior of the Phoenix planner. Path analysis has a huge search space, however. If one measures N parameters of a system, then one can build O(2N2) causal models relating these parameters. For this reason, we have developed an algorithm that -heuristically searches the space of causal models. This paper describes path analysis and the algorithm, and presents preliminary empirical results, including what we believe is the first example of a causal model of an AI system induced from performance data by another AI system.
Isourea-mediated preparation of dehydro amino acids (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsourea-mediated preparation of dehydro amino acidsMarvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 15, 3131–3132Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01303a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01303a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts