gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Copper Nanocatalysts with Tunable Size Using Diblock Copolymer Solution Micelles (2010)

Self-assembled solution micelles prepared from polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) and polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP), have been employed as templates to synthesize copper nanocatalysts which are regarded as an excellent catalyst system for 1D nanomaterial synthesis. We have demonstrated that uniform-sized nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1 to 15 nm have been generated. We have revealed that nanocatalyst size can be rationally tailored by adjusting the interaction between copper precursors and ligands and metal sequestration time. Ordered arrays of copper nanocatalysts derived from depositing a monolayer of solution micelles exhibit excellent thermal stability and do not agglomerate during the thermal treatment at 850 °C, typical growth temperature for 1D nanomaterial using the chemical vapor deposition technique. High-density and aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes with uniform diameter have been synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition technique. The average diameter is 1.4 nm, which is on the same order of catalyst size, around 2.0 nm. The combination of tunable size and spacing with superb thermal stability and outstanding catalytic activity offered by this new copper nanocatalyst system will enable growth of high-yield 1D nanomaterials with controllable diameter and spacing consistently and reproducible properties. It also paves a new path to study the effect of nanocatalyst size on 1D nanomaterial synthesis and their properties.
Integrating sphere cold atom clock with cylindrical microwave cavity (2011)

The integrating sphere is used to generate the diffuse light for cooling atoms. The microwave field is produced in a cylindrical cavity on a TE011 mode. We have realized the microwave interrogation with the pulsed optically pumped (POP) scheme. The Ramsey fringe is demonstrated and some factors to affect the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast of the fringe are discussed. Optimization of the experimental parameters is still in progress.
[Study on appraisement and determination GHB levels in hair]. (2006)

Analysis of GHB in hair is suitable for investigation of GHB abuse in forensic toxicology and GHB level in segmental analysis compared with endogenous level of GHB may provide useful information about GHB administration.
Adaptive optics system performance approximations for atmospheric turbulence correction (1990)

Analysis of adaptive optics system behavior often can be reduced to a few approximations and scaling laws. For atmospheric turbulence correction, the deformable mirror (DM) fitting error is most often used to determine a priori the interactuator spacin.g and the total number of correction zones required. This paper examines the mirror fitting error in terms of its most commonly used exponential form. The explicit constant in the error term is dependent on deformable mirror influence function shape and actuator geometry. The method of least squares fitting of discrete influence functions to the turbulent wavefront is compared to the linear spatial filtering approximation of system performance. The author finds that the spatial filtering method overestimates the correctability of the adaptive optics system by a small amount. By evaluating fitting error for a number of DM configurations, actuator geometries, and influence functions, fitting error constants verify some earlier investigations. Limitations of the approximations and scaling laws are evaluated and compared to wave optics ground-to-space propagations. Results include determination of a multiplicative conversion factor of 1.06 that should be applied to the actuator spacing whenever the spatial filtering method is used for adaptive optics system performance analysis.
Feed Processing. VI. Comparison of Starea, Urea, and Soybean Meal as Protein Sources for Lactating Dairy Cows (1970)

l~ilk production, grain intake, body weight change, and the production and concentration of milk constituents were criteria to evaluate Starea (an intimate mixture of gelatinized starch and urea) as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows. Cows fed grain rations supplemented with either soybean meal or Starea (23% crude protein) consumed more grain and produced more milk containing more protein than cows fed the same grain ration supplemented with urea. Starea was approximately equal to soybean meal as a protein supplement for lactating cows.
An Improved Method for Real-Time and Online Corrosion Monitoring Using Coupled Multielectrode Array Sensors (2005)

Abstract Coupled multielectrode array sensors (MAS) may underestimate non-uniform corrosion rates in cases where the environment is not significantly corrosive because of possible internal electron flows on the most corroding electrode. An improved method was developed to derive the lower and upper bounding values for the non-uniform corrosion rate measured with the MAS probes. The lower boundary was measured when the electrodes of the MAS probe were at the natural coupling potential. The upper boundary was measured when the coupling potential of the MAS probe was raised to a value at which all electrodes are likely to be anodic. Under such raised coupling potential, possible internal electron flows within the most anodic electrode were stopped and their effects on the measured corrosion rate were eliminated.
Timed consistent network updates (2015)

Network updates such as policy and routing changes occur frequently in Software Defined Networks (SDN). Updates should be performed consistently, preventing temporary disruptions, and should require as little overhead as possible. Scalability is increasingly becoming an essential requirement in SDN. In this paper we propose to use time-triggered network updates to achieve consistent updates. Our proposed solution requires lower overhead than existing update approaches, without compromising the consistency during the update. We demonstrate that accurate time enables far more scalable consistent updates in SDN than previously available. In addition, it provides the SDN programmer with fine-grained control over the tradeoff between consistency and scalability.
Serine‐202 is the putative precursor of the active site dehydroalanine of phenylalanine ammonia lyase Site‐directed mutagenesis studies on the enzyme from parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i> L.) (1994)

To investigate the possible role of serine as a precursor of dehydroalanine at the active site of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, two serines, conserved in all known PAL and histidase sequences, were changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting mutant genes were subcloned into the expression vector pT7.7 and the gene products were assayed for PAL activity. Mutant PALMutS209A showed the same catalytic property as wild-type PAL, whereas mutant PALMutS202A was devoid of catalytic activity, indicating that serine-202 is the most likely precursor of the active site dehydroalanine.
Tellurene-a monolayer of tellurium from first-principles prediction (2016)

A two dimensional (2D) Group-VI Te monolayer, tellurene, is predicted by using the first-principles calculations, which consists of planner four-membered and chair-like six-membered rings arranged alternately in a 2D lattice. The phonon spectra calculations, combined with ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, demonstrate that tellurene is kinetically very stable. The tellurene shows a desirable direct band gap of 1.04 eV and its band structure can be effectively tuned by strain. The effective mass calculations imply that tellurene should also exhibit a relatively high carrier mobility, e.g. compared with MoS2. The significant direct band gap and the high carrier mobility imply that tellurene is a very promising candidate for a new generation of nanoelectronic devices.
The Measurement of Optical and Dielectric Properties of Materials (1988)

This paper reviews optical and dielectric measurement techniques developed over approximateiy seventeen years in the frequency range one MHz to 18,000 GHz. It is necessary to employ varieties of measurement techniques to cover this extensive range of frequencies and to cope with material problems such as absorption characterisitics, size, thickness, shape and temperature of specimens.
Dominant TCR Vα  usage by virus and tumor-reactive T cells with wide affinity ranges for their specific antigens (2002)

We have studied the TCR features and functional responses of three sets of human cytolytic T cell (CTL) clones, recognizing antigenic peptides presented by HLA-A2 and derived from the Epstein-Barr virus proteins BMLF1 and BRLF1 and from the melanoma protein Melan-A/MART-1. Within each set, a majority of clones used a recurrent V alpha region, even though they expressed highly diverse TCR beta chains and V(D)J junctional sequences. Functional assays and peptide/MHC multimer binding studies indicated that this restricted V alpha usage was not associated with the affinity/avidity of the CTL clones. The V alpha dominance, which may be a frequent feature of antigen-specific T cells, likely reflects a restricted geometry of TCR/peptide/MHC complexes, primarily determined by V alpha CDR.
Algorithm and Architecture Design of High-Quality Video Upscaling Using Database-Free Texture Synthesis (2014)

Because of real-time requirements and low hardware-cost constraints, conventional TV scalers can only employ basic interpolation technique and thus introduces some artifacts that degrade the viewing quality of the output sequences. In this paper, a low-complexity super-resolution (SR) algorithm, which can provide vivid output image with rich details and sharp edges, and its associated hardware architecture, is proposed. There are two main contributions in this paper. The first is the development of the database-free texture synthesis technique. With the fractal property of nature images, it is possible to find proper high-resolution patches in a low-resolution input image itself. Therefore, the texture synthesis can be performed without database to provide proper and rich details. In addition, a faithful reconstruction constraint is used to maintain the temporal consistency. The second contribution is the hardware architecture design of the database-free texture synthesis. Partial-sum reuse technique is developed to reduce 76% of computation in the texture synthesis, and a tile-based processing technique is proposed to dramatically reduce the on-chip memory and off-chip memory bandwidth requirements. Experimental results show that the proposed SR algorithm outperforms other ones with reasonable hardware cost, where 766k in gate count and 22 kB in on-chip SRAM are required to achieve full high-definition processing ability at the working frequency of 240 MHz. The results show that the proposed algorithm and architecture are able to provide high-quality output in real-time while solving the problems of zigzag and blurred effects caused by the conventional scalers.
Novel fluorescent 1,4-dihydropyridines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel fluorescent 1,4-dihydropyridinesVasu. Nair, Rick J. Offerman, and Gregory A. TurnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 26, 8283–8285Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00286a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00286a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Improvement of the cine‐CT based 4D‐CT imaging (2007)

An improved 4D-CT utility has been developed on the GE LightSpeed multislice CT (MSCT) and Discovery PET/CT scanners, which have the cine CT scan capability. Two new features have been added in this 4D-CT over the commercial Advantage 4D-CT from GE. One feature was a new tool for disabling parts of the respiratory signal with irregular respiration and improving the accuracy of phase determination for the respiratory signal from the Varian real-time positioning and monitoring (RPM) system before sorting of the cine CT images into the 4D-CT images. The second feature was to allow generation of the maximum-intensity-projection (MIP), average (AVG) and minimum-intensity-projection (mip) CT images from the cine CT images without a respiratory signal. The implementation enables the assessment of tumor motion in treatment planning with the MIP, AVG, and mip CT images on the GE MSCT and PET/CT scanners without the RPM and the Advantage 4D-CT with a GE Advantage windows workstation. Several clinical examples are included to illustrate this new application.
Side Chain Oxygenated Cholesterol Regulates Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis through Direct Sterol-Membrane Interactions (2008)

Side chain oxysterols exert cholesterol homeostatic effects by suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein maturation and promoting degradation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. To examine whether oxysterol-membrane interactions contribute to the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, we synthesized the enantiomer of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Using this unique oxysterol probe, we provide evidence that oxysterol regulation of cholesterol homeostatic responses is not mediated by enantiospecific oxysterol-protein interactions. We show that side chain oxysterols, but not steroid ring-modified oxysterols, exhibit membrane expansion behavior in phospholipid monolayers and bilayers in vitro. This behavior is non-enantiospecific and is abrogated by increasing the saturation of phospholipid acyl chain constituents. Moreover, we extend these findings into cultured cells by showing that exposure to saturated fatty acids at concentrations that lead to endoplasmic reticulum membrane phospholipid remodeling inhibits oxysterol activity. These studies implicate oxysterol-membrane interactions in acute regulation of sterol homeostatic responses and provide new insights into the mechanism through which oxysterols regulate cellular cholesterol balance.
Advance Motion Acquisition of an Actual Robot by Reinforcement Learning using Reward Change (2006)

Generally, a reward is given as the fixed value for the Reinforcement Learning process. However, as for a human being's training process, the reward could be changed according to the improvement of the process. Therefore, it is very interesting to study the Q-Learning process under the reward change. In this paper, Q-Learning is applied to an actual robot in order for advance motion acquisition. Results show that the Q-Learning process changes according to the reward change. Moreover, this paper clarifies how the robot obtains its optimal motion form under the learning process.
Anodic Photocurrents and Corrosion Currents on Passive and Active-Passive Metals (1989)

A photoelectrochemical study was made to compare Zr, Ti, Zn, Sn, Fe, and Cu in 1 N sulfuric acid and/or 1 N KOH. This group includes spontaneously passive, active-passive, and nonpassive metals. The apparent direct and indirect bandgaps and the flat-band potentials were measured for the anodic oxides of each metal. (The bandgaps and flat-band potentials can be used to identify the anodic oxide.) The corrosion currents and the photocurrents were compared. The photocurrent was generated by pulses of monochromatic light. Relationships are observed between the corrosion current and the photocurrent, notably for the formation of new oxides and the active-passive transition.
High Performance Low-Voltage Power MOSFETs with Hybrid Waffle Layout Structure in a 0.25μ Standard CMOS Process (2008)

This paper reports on a low-voltage CMOS power MOSFET layout technique, implemented in a 0.25 mum, 5-metal layers CMOS process that is suitable for high speed switching power devices. The proposed hybrid waffle (HW) layout technique organizes MOSFET fingers in a square grid (waffle) arrangement. It is designed to provide an effective trade-off between the width of diagonal source/drain metal and the active device area, allowing more effective optimization between switching and conduction losses. In comparison with conventional multi-finger (MF) layouts, the HW layout is found to exhibit a 30% reduction in overall on-resistance with 3.6 times smaller total gate charge for CMOS devices with a current rating of 1 A. Integrated DC-DC buck converters using HW push-pull output stages are found to have higher simulated power conversion efficiencies at switching frequencies beyond multi-MHz.
An Improved Procedure for Aromatic Cyanation (1994)

Abstract An effective method for conversion of aryl bromides to aryl cyanides is described. The procedure involves treatment of the aryl halide with zinc cyanide in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium (0).
Evidence for π−π Electron Donor−Acceptor Interactions between π-Donor Aromatic Compounds and π-Acceptor Sites in Soil Organic Matter through pH Effects on Sorption (2004)

Elucidation of molecular-level interactions controlling the sorption of organic compounds in soils is of major theoretical and practical interest. Sorption of pi-electron donor compounds, pentamethylbenzene (PMB), naphthalene (NAPH), and phenanthrene (PHEN), in a number of soils was found to increase with decreasing pH in the range of approximately pH 2.5-7. This behavior could not be attributed to pH-dependent alteration of the hydrophobic character of humic substances, pi-H-bonding, interaction with mineral surfaces, interaction with black carbons, solute coplanarity, or pH effects on solute activity coefficient. No significant effect of pH was observed for non-pi-donor hydrophobic compounds, whether planar or not: trans-1,2-dichlorocyclohexane (DCCH), hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. The opposite pH effect was observed for 2-nonanol and 2-nonanone, which are non-pi-donors, but capable of H-bonding. Also, no pH-dependent sorption was observed between the pi-donor PHEN and alumina, a model inorganic surface. We propose that the pi-donor solutes interact with pi-acceptor sites in soil organic matter (SOM), including aromatic rings with multiple carboxyl groups, aromatic amines, or heteroaromatic amines. The pi-acceptor ability of such aromatic moieties would increase with protonation. pi-pi Interactions between PMB, NAPH, and PHEN, and model SOM acceptors, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (NTA), and pyridine (PY) in methanol and methanol-water, were verified by the appearance of pH-dependent upfield 1H NMR chemical shifts induced by ring current effects. UV/vis spectra showed pH-dependent charge-transfer bands for various donors with NTA. No NMR shifts or charge-transfer bands were found for nondonor compounds paired with the model acceptors.
Fracture of an Expandable Metallic Stent Placed for Biliary Obstruction due to Common Bile Duct Carcinoma (2006)

We report our second case of fracture of a SMART self-expandable metallic stent (Cordis Endovascular, Warren, NJ) placed to treat biliary obstruction due to an unresectable common bile duct carcinoma. An 82-year-old man presented with jaundice. Computed tomography and ultrasonography on admission demonstrated a mass in the lower common bile duct. The mass was identified as a common bile duct obstruction. A SMART stent was inserted. Ten months after stent insertion, two additional SMART stents were inserted to relieve obstructive jaundice due to occlusion of the first stent. Fourteen months after insertion of the first stent, endoscopic examination revealed stenosis of the duodenum due to invasion of the common bile duct carcinoma, prompting us to perform a gastrojejunostomy 1 month later. Three months after gastrojejunostomy, the patient presented with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. A fracture of one of the stents was then discovered on plain X-ray films and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Two SMART stents were inserted simultaneously. In conclusion, we report the fracture of a SMART stent placed for common bile duct carcinoma. Fracture should be considered as a possible complication after metallic stent insertion.
Benzimidazole N-Oxides. IV. 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction with 1-Methylbenzimidazole 3-Oxide (1964)

1-Methylbenzimidazole 3-oxide reacted with phenyl isocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and methyl propiolate, at room temperature and with benzonitrile, phenyl isocyanide, and benzyne on heating to give 1-methyl-2-anilino-benzimidazole (II), II, dimethyl 1-methyl-2-benzimidazoloxalacetate, methyl α-formyl-1-methyl-2-benzimidazolacetate, 1-methl-2-benzamidobenzimidazole, II, 1-methyl-2-(ο-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole, respectively. Although the initial cycloadducts could not be isolated, these reactions can be best explained as occurring via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition.
The Selective GABA Reuptake Inhibitor Tiagabine for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2005)

The primary LOCF analysis was negative; however, results from the observed case and MMRM analyses suggest that tiagabine may be a useful treatment option for adult patients diagnosed with GAD. These findings warrant further evaluation in randomized clinical studies.
Implicit Surface Representations As Layers in Neural Networks (2019)

Implicit shape representations, such as Level Sets, provide a very elegant formulation for performing computations involving curves and surfaces. However, including implicit representations into canonical Neural Network formulations is far from straightforward. This has consequently restricted existing approaches to shape inference, to significantly less effective representations, perhaps most commonly voxels occupancy maps or sparse point clouds. To overcome this limitation we propose a novel formulation that permits the use of implicit representations of curves and surfaces, of arbitrary topology, as individual layers in Neural Network architectures with end-to-end trainability. Specifically, we propose to represent the output as an oriented level set of a continuous and discretised embedding function. We investigate the benefits of our approach on the task of 3D shape prediction from a single image; and demonstrate its ability to produce a more accurate reconstruction compared to voxel-based representations. We further show that our model is flexible and can be applied to a variety of shape inference problems.