gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Transmission: A New Spectrum-Reuse Friendly Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Transmission System (2012)

This paper introduces a new transmission system—“Cloud Transmission (Cloud Txn)” for terrestrial broadcasting or point-to-multipoint multimedia services. The system is based on the concept of increasing the reception robustness, and using the spectrum more efficiently. As such, the system is designed to be robust to co-channel interference, immune to multipath distortion, and is highly spectrum reuse friendly. It can increase the spectrum utilization significantly (3 to 4 times) by making all terrestrial RF channels in a city/market available for broadcast service. The system has the robustness required for providing mobile, pedestrian and indoor reception. It can be used for both small and large cell applications. The receiver is simple and energy efficient. The proposed system is scalable and can be implemented progressively, i.e., providing an easy transition from the traditional systems to the new Cloud Txn system. It can also coexist with the existing DTV systems and their newer versions, such as DVB-T2 or Super Hi-Vision systems.
In vivo T-cell immune response against anaplastic lymphoma kinase in patients with anaplastic large cell lymphomas. (2006)

The presence of an anti-ALK effector/memory lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of ALK-positive patients indicates an in vivo antigenic challenge. Thus, ALK is a lymphoma-associated antigen suitable for immune interventions. The high number of anti-ALK memory CD8 T cells present in patients' PBMC may represent a valid source of activated CTL suitable for cancer cell lysis.
II História de uma pescadeira (1994)

«Ser mulher é ser trabalhadeira.» «Nasci em Rio da Gândara em 1917. A minha mãe teve oito filhos. Eu fui a terceira. O meu pai era pescador e pobre. A minha mãe era filha de um lavrador de Fundo da Vila. Casaram em 1912. A minha mãe tinha oito irmãos, todos vivos. A minha falecida avó não dividiu a casa (a propriedade familiar), e, como a minha mãe não herdou, teve que casar com um pobre, um pescador. O dote da minha mãe foi um pequeno terreno para construir uma casa, em Rio da Gândara. Depoi...
Effects of Molecular Composition of Natural Organic Matter on Ferric Iron Complexation at Circumneutral pH (2014)

Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for ferric iron (Fe[III]) complexation by well-characterized humic substances (HS) from various origins were determined by a competitive ligand method with 5-sulfosalicylic acid at circumneutral pH (6.0-8.0) and an ionic strength of ∼0.06 M. The measured Fe binding properties including conditional stability constants and complexation capacities ranged over more than 2 orders of magnitude, depending on the origin and the particular operationally defined fraction of HS examined. Statistical comparison of the complexation parameters to a range of chemical properties of the HS indicated a strong positive correlation between Fe(III) complexation capacity and aromatic carbon content in the HS at all pHs examined. In contrast, the complexation capacity was determined to be up to a few orders of magnitude smaller than the concentration of carboxylic and phenolic groups present. Therefore, specific functional groups including those resident in the proximity of aromatic structures within the HS are likely preferable for Fe(III) coordination under the conditions examined. Overall, our results suggest that the concentration of dissolved Fe(III) complexes in natural waters is substantially influenced by variation in HS characteristics in addition to other well-known factors such as HS concentration and nature and concentration of competing cations present.
Preliminary results from a phase 1/2 study of INCB024360 combined with ipilimumab (ipi) in patients (pts) with melanoma. (2014)

3010 Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that is overexpressed in cancers and induces immune tolerance by suppressing T-cell responses. INCB024360, a potent, selective IDO1 inhibitor, was generally well tolerated as monotherapy up to 700 mg BID. Preclinical data support anti-tumor synergy for INCB024360 when administered with antibody antagonists to checkpoint receptors. Methods: This is an ongoing dose-escalation study of INCB024360 combined with ipi (3 mg/kg IV q 3 wks x 4) in pts with metastatic melanoma. Enrollment in 2 cohorts (300 mg BID, 25 mg BID) is complete. Toxicity, ORR (irRC), Duration of Response (DoR), and OS were evaluated. The DLT evaluation period was 8 wks andassessments for response were every 9 wks. Results: Seven pts were enrolled at 300 mg BID. When 5 pts developed clinically significant ALT elevations after 30–76 days on treatment, enrollment was stopped. ALT elevations were reversible with corticosteroids and treatment discontinuation. Six of 7 pts had evaluable on-study scans prior to discontinuation and all showed irSD. Time to subsequent therapy was >90 days in all 7 pts and >180 days in 4 of 7 pts. Enrollment was restarted at 25 mg BID (n=8), where 1 pt with progression of prior extensive liver metastases had a DLT (G3 AST elevation). Immune-related AEs (irAEs) were generally G1/2 and manageable with continued dosing or temporary dose interruption; 1 pt each discontinued for G3 colitis and G3 salivary amylase elevation. Six of 8 pts had tumor reduction by the 1st evaluation. Confirmed disease control rate was 75% (6/8). Three pts had confirmed irPR (2 occurred by the 1st or 2nd scan); DoR was 179, 148, and >127 (ongoing) days. Three pts had irSD for 116, >173 (ongoing), and >187 (ongoing) days. Pharmacodynamic effects at 25 mg BID were similar to those that were sufficient in preclinical models to achieve maximal therapeutic effect. A 50 mg BID cohort is enrolling. Conclusions: INCB024360 25 mg BID with ipi was generally well tolerated and irAEs previously observed with ipi were reversible with appropriate management. Tumor response and duration data suggest the potential for enhanced melanoma patient outcomes compared to ipi monotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01604889.
Von Willebrand factor levels predict clinical outcome in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (2011)

In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension vWF levels correlate with liver function and HVPG and independently predict clinical outcome.
Generating Personalized Recipes from Historical User Preferences (2019)

Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Shuyang Li, Jianmo Ni, Julian McAuley. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Adenocarcinoma in a Koff Urinary Ileal Diversion (2017)

The use of an ileal conduit as a means of treatment for bladder cancer or dysfunction is widely used and understood. However, long term surveillance of that conduit has not been strongly established and set forth as a means of screening. We present a 76yo female with a history of neurogenic bladder secondary to paraplegia who underwent the formation of a "Koff" pouch as a conduit. Nineteen years later she presents with hematuria and was found to have adenocarcinoma originating in her conduit.
A Modified EVM SNR Estimation Method for QAM OFDM Systems in AWGN Channel (2006)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important parameter in many receivers to improve their performance. In this paper, we develop a modified Error Vector Magnitude (mEVM) SNR estimation algorithm for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) systems in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels. At first mEVM is introduced for QPSK modulation. We also generalize the idea to 16- and 64-QAM modulation using two groups of selected data: data representing a specific single constellation point and data belonging to a group (up to 4) of neighboring constellation points. Criteria used to measure its performance are the SNR estimation accuracy compared to the actual SNR, the variance of the estimation and the mean square error (MSE). Computer simulations show that the proposed estimator for both types of data selection at SNR values of practical interest for each modulation type is highly accurate and reliable for OFDM systems, outperforming previously published generic QPSK SNR estimators. Finally the impact of the channel estimation method used to improve signal's reception, on the SNR estimation accuracy is examined.
The structure of dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin molecules alone and bound to antigen (2013)

A dual-specific, tetravalent immunoglobulin G-like molecule, termed dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™), is engineered to block two targets. Flexibility modulates Fc receptor and complement binding, but could result in undesirable cross-linking of surface antigens and downstream signaling. Understanding the flexibility of parental mAbs is important for designing and retaining functionality of DVD-Ig™ molecules. The architecture and dynamics of a DVD-Ig™ molecule and its parental mAbs was examined using single particle electron microscopy. Hinge angles measured for the DVD-Ig™ molecule were similar to the inner antigen parental mAb. The outer binding domain of the DVD-Ig™ molecule was highly mobile and three-dimensional (3D) analysis showed binding of inner antigen caused the outer domain to fold out of the plane with a major morphological change. Docking high-resolution X-ray structures into the 3D electron microscopy map supports the extraordinary domain flexibility observed in the DVD-Ig™ molecule allowing antigen binding with minimal steric hindrance.
Numerical analysis of propagation and impedance matching in 2D photonic crystal waveguides with finite length (2002)

A novel way of approaching wave propagation in two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal guides with finite length is presented. It is shown that the main propagation features can be captured by borrowing simple concepts of propagation in transmission lines and combining them with other concepts taken from the theory of periodic structures.
Can diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging help differentiate stroke from stroke-like events in MELAS? (2000)

The precise mechanism of neurological symptoms in patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is still controversial. The diffusion weighted MR findings at the acute phase of a neurological event in MELAS are described and the pathophysiology of stroke-like lesion in the light of diffusion changes is discussed. Brain MRI was performed 2 days after the sudden onset of cortical blindness in a 25 year old patient with MELAS. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images showed multifocal cortical and subcortical hyperintensities located bilaterally in the frontobasal and the temporo-occipital lobes. Diffusion weighted images showed normal to increased apparent diffusion coefficient values in the acute left temporooccipital lesion and increased values in the older stroke-like lesions. These diffusion weighted findings support the metabolic rather than the ischaemic pathophysiological hypothesis for stroke-like episodes occurring in MELAS. Normal or increased apparent diffusion coefficient values within 48 hours of a neurological deficit of abrupt onset should raise the possibility of MELAS, especially if conventional MR images show infarct-like lesions.
Influence of patient age on the serum PSA concentration. An important clinical observation. (1993)

Although PSA is a most valuable tool for the practicing physician, it lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for detecting early prostate cancer to be the perfect tumor marker. The parameters PSAD and PSA velocity are useful attempts to make PSA a better tumor marker, but they likewise are not always reliable on an individual basis. There is now evidence from several investigations that the serum PSA concentration in healthy men without clinical evidence of prostate cancer increases with advancing age. This is primarily attributable to the concomitant increase in prostate size over the same time period. As a result, age-specific reference ranges have been determined and have the potential to make PSA a more sensitive tumor marker for men less than 60 years of age and a more specific tumor marker for men beyond 60 years of age. If one utilizes the age-specific reference ranges for serum PSA, it appears that PSAD can be eliminated as a parameter in the diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected of having prostate cancer. Thus, a new algorithm utilizing age-specific reference ranges has been developed.
The Value of Routine Microbial Investigation in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (1997)

The use of microbiologic investigations in routine clinical practice, their value in guiding antibiotic prescription, and their influence on outcome were prospectively studied in 113 consecutive adults who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Blood cultures were performed in 78.7% of cases, protected specimen brushing in 95.5%, and bronchoalveolar lavage in only 45.1%. No causative agent was identified in 13 episodes (11.5%), and results of microbial tests directed a change in therapy in 43 (38.0%). Bronchoscopic results revealed inadequate initial selection of antibiotic therapy in 27 cases (23.9%) and led to a change in antibiotic treatment. Inadequate initial selection was still associated with a significantly greater increase in related mortality than adequate initial therapy (37.0% versus 15.4%, p < 0.05), although the change in therapy permitted clinical resolution in 17 (62.9%) of these 27 episodes, and 10 patients were discharged alive. Bronchoscopic results also permitted the reduction of the antibiotic spectrum in seven episodes (6.1%). This study suggests that in patients with VAP, bronchoscopic results are frequently associated with changes in antibiotic therapy. Nevertheless, our findings also emphasize the critical importance of an appropriate early antibiotic therapy.
Genetic variants of myeloperoxidase and lung cancer risk (2000)

The cytochrome P450 family of enzymes is responsible for many of the initial metabolic conversions of procarcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke to reactive metabolites. However, other enzyme-based systems such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) may also be involved in this metabolic process. MPO is a phase I metabolic enzyme that has a polymorphic region upstream of the gene that appears to reduce transcriptional activity. The polymorphic G→A nucleotide base shift negates the binding region for the general transcription factor SP1. Thus, individuals with the variant allele may be provided with a protective effect due to decreased metabolic conversion of carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke. This study has investigated the hypothesis that individuals with the variant allele may be at a reduced risk for lung cancer. Our results demonstrate that the protective effects of the MPO variant allele reduced overall lung cancer risk in Caucasians by 48% (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.90, P = 0.02). There was a 72% protective effect (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.61, P < 0.05) evident in men but not in women. Additionally, in younger individuals (<61 years) there was a statistically significant 72% reduction in risk (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.69, P < 0.05) but not in older individuals. A protective effect was observed for current smokers (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.58, P < 0.05) but not in former smokers and those who had never smoked. These data demonstrate that there is a reduction in lung cancer risk associated with a variant allele of MPO that is evident in men, younger individuals and current smokers.
Inflammatory Responses of Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Induced by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C via Stimulation of Mononuclear Cells (2003)

To elucidate the pathological roles of staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) in bovine staphylococcal mastitis, a histopathological analysis of SEC-inoculated mammary glands was performed. SEC-inoculated mammary glands exhibited interstitial inflammation, and the leukocytes that migrated into the gland were predominantly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In the gland cistern tissues dissected from SEC-inoculated mammary glands, epithelial cellular degeneration was observed. We also investigated the physiological effects of SEC on PMN in vitro. PMN migration was induced by culture supernatant of SEC-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (S-PBMC sup) but not by that of nonstimulated PBMC (N-PBMC sup). The concentration of interleukin-8 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in S-PBMC sup than N-PBMC sup, and a significantly (P < 0.05) higher mRNA expression of growth-regulated oncogenes was detected in SEC-stimulated PBMC than in nonstimulated PBMC. Milk PMN collected from SEC-inoculated mammary glands produced more than 2 times the amount of superoxide at 1 day postinoculation (dpi) than at 0 dpi in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). PMN cultured with S-PBMC sup for 24 h also produced significantly (P < 0.05) larger amounts of superoxide than those cultured with N-PBMC sup in the presence of PMA. Moreover, S-PBMC sup induced the long-time survival of PMN. These results indicate that SEC induces the activation of PMN via the stimulation of mononuclear cells.
T-Cell Accumulation and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted Upregulation in Adipose Tissue in Obesity (2007)

Obesity is associated with increased accumulation of T cells and macrophages in AT, which may play important roles in obesity-related disease by influencing preadipocyte/adipocyte functions. RANTES is an adipokine that is upregulated in AT by obesity in both mice and humans.
Public Input Provision in an Optimal Income Tax Model (2001)

This paper derives and examines the provision rule for public inputs within a two-class framework of optimal income taxation. If income redistribution policies must be designed under a self-selection constraint because the ability of any particular worker is private information, public input provision is used as a means of relaxing this constraint. This use of public inputs for helping income redistribution entails a deviation from the first-best provision rule. The resultant inefficiency is due to the impact of public input provision on the wage differential between workers with different abilities.
Recovery of Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) Plants as Affected by Glyphosate (1987)

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out during 1982/83 and 1983/84 seasons at Experimental Farm of National Research Centre at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, to study the reversal effect of glyphosate induced phytotoxicity on growth and yield and its components of faba bean by the application of growth factors, i.e., growth regulators, amino acids and nutrient elements at different concentrations. A split plot design with four replications was used in both seasons. The obtained results indicated clearly that: Glyphosate at the two higher doses exhibited varying degrees of phytotoxic symptoms and reduced all the faba bean plant characters except the number of branches/plant. GA 3 alone or in a mixture with cytokinin reversed the phytotoxic effect of the glyphosate herbicide on decreasing the plant height. Cytokinin at 4/1000, phenylalanine and tryptophan at both levels, as well as GA 3 at 50 ppm, reversed the phytotoxic effect of the glyphosate herbicide on decreasing the dry weight/plant cytokinin at 4/1000, tryptophan at both concentrations, as well as, phenylalanine at 500 ppm, reversed the phytotoxic effect of the glyphosate herbicide on decreasing the number and dry weight of pods, seed yield per plant and per ha.
Per-VM page cache partitioning for cloud computing platforms (2016)

Cloud computing has become popular for shared hosting of third-party applications. A cloud platform may multiplex virtual machines running different customer applications onto a single physical server, raising the potential for performance interference between such applications. In particular, when a hypervisor shares the file system page cache between virtual machines, as is common in Linux environments, it is possible for one VM to impact the performance seen by other co-located VMs. To address this drawback and improve performance isolation, we design a page cache which is partitioned by VMs. Such a design provides the ability to control fine-grained caching parameters such as cache size and eviction policies individually. Furthermore, the deterministic cache allocation and partitioning provides improved performance isolation among VMs. We provide dynamic cache partitioning by using utility derived from the miss-ratio characteristics. We implement our page cache architecture in the Linux kernel and demonstrate its efficacy using disk image files of virtual machines and different types of file access patterns by applications. Experimental results show that the utility-based partitioning can reduce the cache size by up to an order of magnitude while increasing cache hit ratios by up to 20%. Among other features, the per-file page cache has fadvise integration, a scan-resistant eviction algorithm (ARC) and reduced lock-contention and overhead during the eviction process.
Calibration of Raman-Based Method for Estimation of Carbon Nanotube Purity (2003)

The set of samples with a calibrated nanotube content has been prepared by mixing pure HipCO nanotubes and an amorphous carbon. The samples have been studied by a Raman‐based method for purity estimation, based on a measurement of the tangential Raman mode shift depending on the laser power density applied. The nanotube content values estimated by the Raman‐based method have coincided well with the preset ones. The model of a homogeneous two‐component medium was used to describe a thermal conductivity of the mixed samples.
Improving Digestibility of Soy Flour by Reducing Disulfide Bonds with Thioredoxin (2008)

The Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) of trypsin and chymotrypsin contain disulfide bonds. Glycinin, the major storage protein in soybeans also contains disulfide bonds. Treatment of soy white flour with a NADP-thioredoxin system (NTS) effectively reduced disulfide bonds in soy flour and increased protein digestibility by trypsin and pancreatin as measured by the pH stat method. Treatment of soy flour with NTS increased the digestibility compared to soy white flour by 29.3 and 60.6% for trypsin and pancreatin, respectively. NTS-treated soy flour had similar digestibility by trypsin to autoclaved soy flour and casein, but digestibility by pancreatin was less than autoclaved soy flour and casein. The degree of reduction by NTS was highly correlated to the degree of hydrolysis (DH) by trypsin (R(2) = 0.93) and pancreatin (R(2) = 0.99). The DH of NTS-treated soy flour by trypsin is reflective of both inactivation of trypsin inhibitors and overall protein digestibility while pancreatin hydrolysis is reflective of only overall protein digestibility.
Waveform design with stopband and correlation constraints for cognitive radar (2010)

One of the main objectives of cognitive radar is to adapt the spectrum of transmit waveforms to certain needs, such as avoiding reserved frequency bands or narrowband interferences. Besides spectral requirements, good correlation properties of the transmit waveforms are also desired in specific applications, such as range compression. Moreover, practical hardware constraints usually require the transmit waveforms be unimodular (i.e. only phase-modulated). In this paper, we propose a new algorithm named SCAN (stopband cyclic algorithm new) to design unimodular sequences with spectral power suppressed in arbitrary bands and with low correlation sidelobes as well. The SCAN algorithm, which starts from random initializations, can generate many sequences possessing similarly good properties. Furthermore, the SCAN algorithm is based on FFT (fast Fourier transform) operations and thus is computationally efficient, which facilitates long-sequence design and real-time waveform update.