gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyl free radical is not the main active species in site-specific DNA damage induced by copper (II) ion and hydrogen peroxide (1989)

Site-specific DNA damage by Cu(II) plus H2O2 was investigated by a DNA-sequencing technique. Cu(II) plus H2O2 induced strong DNA cleavage even without piperidine treatment. Piperidine-labile sites were induced frequently at thymine and guanine residues and rarely at adenine residue. A Cu(I)-specific chelating agent, bathocuproine, inhibited the DNA damage. Neither ethanol nor mannitol inhibited it. Of alcohols, tertbutyl alcohol, having relatively low reactivity to hydroxyl free radical, inhibited the DNA damage most strongly. Sodium azide and 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane completely inhibited cleavages at residues of the bases other than guanine. Tris inhibited the DNA damage. The enhancing effect of D2O on DNA damage was not observed. ESR studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) showed that the hydroxyl radical adduct of DMPO was formed during the reaction of Cu(II) with H2O2, and that the addition of sodium formate produced the CO2- radical adduct of DMPO more efficiently than expected. ESR studies showed that the nitroxide radical was formed from 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone in the presence of Cu(II) plus H2O2, indicating the formation of singlet oxygen or its equivalent. The effects of scavengers on DNA damage have considerable correlation with the effects of scavengers on the nitroxide radical production and DMPO.OH formation. The results suggest that the main active species causing DNA damage are more likely copper-peroxide complexes, with similar reactivity to singlet oxygen and/or hydroxyl radical rather than hydroxyl free radical.
Application of the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing to LC filter tuning (2001)

The paper discusses and compares the application of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing methods to LC filter tuning. Specifically, the paper is concerned with the application and implementation of these methods for the development of a fast microprocessor-based automatic antenna tuning unit, providing the facility to adapt to changes in load impedance, temperature or environment. A number of simulations were carried out to evaluate the relative performance of these algorithms. Finally, experimental results are presented where the simulated annealing algorithm was used to control a commercial impedance matching device in real time.
Attitude stabilization of a rigid spacecraft using momentum wheel actuators operating in a failure mode (1992)

In this paper, we demonstrate that, in fact, two momentum wheel actuators can be used to control the attitude of a rigid spacecraft and that arbitrary reorientation maneuvers of the spacecraft can be accomplished in a specific sense. The complete spacecraft dynamics cannot be stabilized to an equilibrium attitude. However, the spacecraft equations are small time locally controllable in a reduced nonlinear sense. The reduced spacecraft dynamics cannot be asymptotically stabilized to an equilibrium attitude using a time-invariant continuous feedback control law, but a discontinuous feedback control strategy is constructed which asymptotically stabilizes an equilibrium attitude of the spacecraft. Consequently, arbitrary reorientation of the spacecraft can be accomplished using this discontinuous feedback control strategy.
A Phenotypic Profile of the Candida albicans Regulatory Network (2009)

Candida albicans is a normal resident of the gastrointestinal tract and also the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans. It last shared a common ancestor with the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae over 300 million years ago. We describe a collection of 143 genetically matched strains of C. albicans, each of which has been deleted for a specific transcriptional regulator. This collection represents a large fraction of the non-essential transcription circuitry. A phenotypic profile for each mutant was developed using a screen of 55 growth conditions. The results identify the biological roles of many individual transcriptional regulators; for many, this work represents the first description of their functions. For example, a quarter of the strains showed altered colony formation, a phenotype reflecting transitions among yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal cell forms. These transitions, which have been closely linked to pathogenesis, have been extensively studied, yet our work nearly doubles the number of transcriptional regulators known to influence them. As a second example, nearly a quarter of the knockout strains affected sensitivity to commonly used antifungal drugs; although a few transcriptional regulators have previously been implicated in susceptibility to these drugs, our work indicates many additional mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. Finally, our results inform how transcriptional networks evolve. Comparison with the existing S. cerevisiae data (supplemented by additional S. cerevisiae experiments reported here) allows the first systematic analysis of phenotypic conservation by orthologous transcriptional regulators over a large evolutionary distance. We find that, despite the many specific wiring changes documented between these species, the general phenotypes of orthologous transcriptional regulator knockouts are largely conserved. These observations support the idea that many wiring changes affect the detailed architecture of the circuit, but not its overall output.
The role of <i>E. coli</i> single‐stranded DNA binding protein in DNA metabolism (1984)

Abstract Single‐stranded DNA binding proteins have been known for some time to be crucial in many DNA metabolic reactions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite a wealth of studies on these proteins we still do not understand their biochemical mechanism of action. Recent studies of the Escherichia coli single stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) are beginning to provide some insight into how this and similar proteins might function.
An Easy to Deploy Street Light Control System Based on Wireless Communication and LED Technology (2013)

This paper presents an intelligent streetlight management system based on LED lamps, designed to facilitate its deployment in existing facilities. The proposed approach, which is based on wireless communication technologies, will minimize the cost of investment of traditional wired systems, which always need civil engineering for burying of cable underground and consequently are more expensive than if the connection of the different nodes is made over the air. The deployed solution will be aware of their surrounding's environmental conditions, a fact that will be approached for the system intelligence in order to learn, and later, apply dynamic rules. The knowledge of real time illumination needs, in terms of instant use of the street in which it is installed, will also feed our system, with the objective of providing tangible solutions to reduce energy consumption according to the contextual needs, an exact calculation of energy consumption and reliable mechanisms for preventive maintenance of facilities.
Cutoff tailorability of heterojunction terahertz detectors (2003)

Heterojunction interfacial work function internal photoemission (HEIWIP) detectors provide an interesting approach to the development of quantum detectors for the terahertz range. In this letter, the cutoff frequency/wavelength variation of HEIWIP detectors having different Al fractions in AlGaAs/GaAs structures is experimentally verified, and a model is presented for designing the structures. A key feature of HEIWIP responsivity is the ability to cover a broad frequency range in a single detector with cutoff tailorability by adjusting the Al fraction in the barrier regions. Extending the response to lower frequencies by the use of AlGaAs emitters and GaAs barriers is also discussed.
Optimization of a simple, automatable extraction method to recover sufficient DNA from low copy number DNA samples for generation of short tandem repeat profiles. (2005)

A one-step sample digestion followed by sample concentration/purification minimized sample loss and maximized amplification input. Moreover, this methodology can be easily adapted for automation. Implementation of this protocol, due to the numerous potential sources of LCN DNA samples, will enhance the recovery of biological evidence from crime scenes and may be a source of database profiles.
Automatic layout synthesis for FIR filters using a silicon compiler (2002)

A silicon compiler for finite impulse response (FIR) filters is presented. The synthesis system takes as inputs only filter specifications and processing word lengths, and generates the FIR filter mask patterns in a few minutes. The system consists of two programs: an FIR filter design program to determine FIR filter coefficients at the minimal filter order to meet design objectives, and a module generator to generate mask patterns according to optimal parameters obtained by the filter design program. For describing layout structures correctly and easily, the module generator provides graphical layout description tools, and includes mechanisms to permit designing the structures before leaf-cells are completed. Layouts for several filters which have been successfully generated in a short time are described. A system-generated single-chip VLSI chrominance-luminance separator for NTSC composite TV signals using four FIR filters is shown. >
Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Bacterium <i>Aeromonas</i> sp. CB101 (2010)

Abstract Two new indole alkaloids, arsindolines A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with six known indole alkaloids, were isolated from a marine‐derived bacterium strain CB101, identified as Aeromonas sp. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, and their antitumor activities were evaluated by SRB and MTT methods.
Exciton localisation in InGaAsN and GaAsSbN observed by near-field magnetoluminescence and scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) (2004)

The authors present measurements of photoluminescence spectra and imaging of the sharp emission lines which result from the radiative recombination of excitons trapped in compositional fluctuations in dilute nitride epitaxial layers and quantum wells, using low-temperature near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Both weak and strong localisation (i.e. quantum-dot-like emission) are observed for samples of GaAsN and InGaAsN, with little difference depending on the presence or absence of In. Localisation energies are in the range 10–60 meV. Zeeman splitting and diamagnetic shifts are observed in the near-field magneto-photoluminescence, and from these effects the size (r=3–17 nm), composition fluctuations (Δy ∼0.5%) and density (100–1000 μm−3) of the compositional clusters are determined. Using two-dimensional NSOM images, the authors observe a strong lateral inhomogeniety for the GaAsN epilayers resulting from nitrogen clustering. A one-dimensional compositional modulation along the [110] direction is also observed for a GaAsSbN quantum well on the length scale of 100 nm. Transmission electron micrographs confirm the existence of these spatial nonuniformities. Time-resolved spectroscopy has also been carried out on one of the samples reported here (In0.08GaAsN0.03). Pump-and-probe photoluminescence experiments provide the following time constants: the exciton relaxation time to the ground states of the localisation regions is found to be ∼40–70 ps as the emission varies from high to low energy, and the time for depopulation of these localised states is 2–4 ns.
One-Step Fabrication of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells Using a Convenient Tape Calendering Method (2020)

The present paper reports the preparation of multilayer protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) using a single sintering step. The success of this fabrication approach is due to two main factors: the rational choice of chemically and mechanically compatible components, as well as the selection of a convenient preparation (tape calendering) method. The PCFCs prepared in this manner consisted of a 30 µm BaCe0.5Zr0.3Dy0.2O3–δ (BCZD) electrolyte layer, a 500 μm Ni–BCZD supporting electrode layer and a 20 μm functional Pr1.9Ba0.1NiO4+δ (PBN)–BCZD cathode layer. These layers were jointly co-fired at 1350 °C for 5 h to reach excellent gas-tightness of the electrolyte and porous structures for the supported and functional electrodes. The adequate fuel cell performance of this PCFC design (400 mW cm−2 at 600 °C) demonstrates that the tape calendering method compares well with such conventional laboratory PCFC preparation techniques such as co-pressing and tape-casting.
MR angiography with an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide blood pool agent (1997)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of a dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) as a blood pool contrast agent for thoracic and abdominal MR angiography. Abdominal and thoracic MR angiography was performed in six healthy volunteers using two-dimensional and three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequences before and after intravenous administration of USPIO. Doses ranged from 1.1 to 2.6 mg Fe/kg. Flip angle was varied from 20 to 60 degrees. Subjective image quality, analysis of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and blood T1 relaxation times were measured. USPIO significantly lowered the T1 of blood (from 1,210 ms precontrast to 159 ms postcontrast at a dose of 2.6 mg Fe/kg) (P < .01). Image quality on coronal fast three-dimensional breath-hold SPGR images of the abdomen increased with increasing dose and was maximum at the highest dose, producing an aortic SNR of 9.6 compared to 1.8 precontrast. Axial two-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) aortic SNR was reduced significantly from 13 on precontrast to 6 on the postcontrast images at the highest dose (P < .05) due to T2* shortening effects. There was little flip angle dependence on image quality. Due to the T1 shortening effect and long intravascular half-life, USPIO improved visualization of vascular anatomy using three-dimensional fast SPGR imaging. The echo time must be minimized to minimize signal loss from T2* shortening effects. The blood pool distribution of USPIO is useful for equilibrium-phase MR angiography.
The 357 Data Collection System for Circulation Control (1965)

The 357 Data Collection System for Circulation ControlInstallation of an IBM 357 Data Collection System in circulation control appears warranted when: (1) shared .time is available on a computer;(2) most circulation is done from one point; and (3) more than $2,500 is being spent annually on filing, card pulling, and preparation of overdue notices.Questionnaires were sent to sixty medium-sized college and university libraries to determine how many institutions meet these prerequisites.Forty-two of forty-seven respondents have access to computers, twenty-three do all of their circulating of books from a single point, and thirty are spending more than $2,500 annually on circulation record-keeping.Thus, a majority ~f the libraries polled could feasibly make use of the system. .
An Offset-Tolerant Dual-Reference-Voltage Sensing Scheme for Deep Submicrometer STT-RAM (2015)

Due to the increased process variation and reduced supply voltage in deep submicrometer technology nodes, an offset-tolerant sensing scheme has become essential. However, most offset-tolerant sensing schemes suffer from inherent performance degradation owing to multiple-stage sensing. In this paper, a dual V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> sensing scheme (DVSS) that selectively uses an optimal V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> between V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref+</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref-</sub> is proposed. This scheme is tolerant to process variations, and can be used as a spin-transfer-torque random access memory. Because of no additional sensing stage, the offset-tolerant sensing is achieved without sacrificing the performance. The optimal V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> is selected after fabrication, and the calibrated switch control bit, which contains V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> selection information, is stored permanently in an on-chip nonvolatile latch. Monte Carlo HSPICE simulation results, using an industry-compatible 45-nm model parameters, show that the proposed DVSS achieves a read yield of 98.24% for 32 Mb (6.1 sigma) with 2× faster sensing speed and 1.5× lower read energy per bit compared with the state-of-the-art offset-tolerant sensing scheme.
An Identity-Based Key Management Framework for Personal Networks (2007)

Personal networks and PN federations are new networking paradigms that merge concepts from ad hoc, P2P and wireless networks, built around user's needs. Even though they are a promise of a practical achievement of ubiquitous computing, managing security associations in these frameworks proves to be a challenge. We present in this paper a security architecture, including a uniform personal namespace using crypto-based identifiers and a key management scheme based on identity-based cryptography. We also provide an evaluation of our scheme, in terms of computation complexity, communication cost and security.
Novel palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of organic halides by chloroform and alkali (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of organic halides by chloroform and alkaliVladimir V. Grushin and Howard AlperCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 10, 3846–3850Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00034a016https://doi.org/10.1021/om00034a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1498Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FGFR1–WNT–TGF-β Signaling in Prostate Cancer Mouse Models Recapitulates Human Reactive Stroma (2013)

The reactive stroma surrounding tumor lesions performs critical roles ranging from supporting tumor cell proliferation to inducing tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, it is critical to understand the cellular components and signaling control mechanisms that underlie the etiology of reactive stroma. Previous studies have individually implicated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer progression and the initiation and maintenance of a reactive stroma; however, both pathways are frequently found to be coactivated in cancer tissue. Using autochthonous transgenic mouse models for inducible FGFR1 (JOCK1) and prostate-specific and ubiquitously expressed inducible β-catenin (Pro-Cat and Ubi-Cat, respectively) and bigenic crosses between these lines (Pro-Cat × JOCK1 and Ubi-Cat × JOCK1), we describe WNT-induced synergistic acceleration of FGFR1-driven adenocarcinoma, associated with a pronounced fibroblastic reactive stroma activation surrounding prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) lesions found both in in situ and reconstitution assays. Both mouse and human reactive stroma exhibited increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling adjacent to pathologic lesions likely contributing to invasion. Furthermore, elevated stromal TGF-β signaling was associated with higher Gleason scores in archived human biopsies, mirroring murine patterns. Our findings establish the importance of the FGFR1-WNT-TGF-β signaling axes as driving forces behind reactive stroma in aggressive prostate adenocarcinomas, deepening their relevance as therapeutic targets.
Chemistry and physics of a single atomic layer: strategies and challenges for functionalization of graphene and graphene-based materials (2011)

Graphene has attracted great interest for its superior physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties that enable a wide range of applications from electronics to nanoelectromechanical systems. Functionalization is among the significant vectors that drive graphene towards technological applications. While the physical properties of graphene have been at the center of attention, we still lack the knowledge framework for targeted graphene functionalization. In this critical review, we describe some of the important chemical and physical processes for graphene functionalization. We also identify six major challenges in graphene research and give perspectives and practical strategies for both fundamental studies and applications of graphene (315 references).
Why indigenous university students are doing so well (2014)

After the Second World War, Aboriginal men across Australia seized employment opportunities on the many new infrastructure projects in rural areas. As soon as they could, they brought their families with them. Life in shacks and sheds around country towns was harder than on the missions but at least their kids had access to better education. Within a few years, whole families moved into larger towns and then, from the late 1950s, to the cities. Standard secondary education became a possibility.
Tungsten carbides and W-C phase diagram (2006)

The crystal structures of the tungsten monocarbide δ-WC and the disordered lower carbide β-W2C are studied. Using magnetic susceptibility measurements, the hexagonal carbide δ-WC is shown to be stable from 300 to 1200 K. The sequence of phase transformations associated with β-W2C ordering is analyzed. The temperature and composition stability limits of the cubic carbide γ-WC1−x are evaluated, and the first data are presented on the variation of its lattice parameter with composition. An optimized W-C phase diagram is proposed which takes into account detailed structural and phase-equilibrium data for tungsten carbides.
Comparison of LiV3 O 8 Cathode Materials Prepared by Different Methods (1996)

Lithium trivanadate, , can be prepared in a finely dispersed form by dehydration of aqueous lithium vanadate gels. Two methods of dehydration, both easily adaptable to large‐scale production, are described in this work: freeze drying and spray drying. After heat‐treatment of the dried gels (xerogels) to remove loosely bound water they show a high capacity for lithium insertion, approaching four additional lithium per formula unit, and good reversibility as electrode materials for high energy density lithium cells. How the heat‐treatment temperature influences the crystal structure is demonstrated as well as the electrochemical properties of the vanadium oxide.