gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic use of<i>Cannabis sativa</i>on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis (2008)

This paper aims to evaluate the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy using a systematic review of literature searched within electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, LILACS, and 'The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register'. Studies chosen were randomized clinical trials comprising all publications of each database until December 2006. From 12 749 initially identified papers, 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review, with demonstration of superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids compared with conventional drugs and placebo. The adverse effects were more intense and occurred more often among patients who used cannabinoids. Five meta-analyses were carried out: (1) dronabinol versus placebo [n=185; relative risk (RR)=0.47; confidence interval (CI)=0.19-1.16]; (2) Dronabinol versus neuroleptics [n=325; RR=0.67; CI=0.47-0.96; number needed to treat (NNT)=3.4]; (3) nabilone versus neuroleptics (n=277; RR=0.88; CI=0.72-1.08); (4) levonantradol versus neuroleptics (n=194; RR=0.94; CI=0.75-1.18); and (5) patients' preference for cannabis or other drugs (n=1138; RR=0.33; CI=0.24-0.44; NNT=1.8). The superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids was demonstrated through meta-analysis.
Incorporation of <scp>L</scp>‐[Methyl‐<sup>2</sup>H<sub>3</sub>]methionine and 2‐[Hydroxy‐<sup>18</sup>O]hydroxyethylphosphonic Acid into Fosfomycin in <i>Streptomyces fradiae</i>—An Unusual Methyl Transfer (1994)

A novel “methylation” takes place in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic fosfomycin: apparently a methyl group from L-methionine adds to phosphonoacetaldehyde (1) as “CH” to provide (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid (2). In contrast, (S)-adenosylmethionine transfers formally CH in a different manner.
Operating systems mechanisms for continuous media (1992)

Support for digital audio and video (continuous media) as part of the human/computer interface is an important direction for computer systems research. There are various ways to incorporate continuous media (CM) in computer systems; in the integrated approach, CM data is handled by user-level programs on general-purpose operating systems such as Unix or Mach. <p>Integrated CM applications handle data at high rates, with strict timing requirements and often in small "chunks". Conventional operating systems support for program execution and local communication may be non-optimal for such applications. In particular, conventional mechanisms for process scheduling and inter address space communication can add significant overhead for some CM programs. User/kernel interactions, by which user-level programs invoke system functions, are partly responsible for this overhead. <p>We describe new mechanisms for process scheduling and CM stream communication between virtual address spaces. These mechanisms, split-level scheduling and memory-mapped streams, reduce or eliminate user/kernel interactions by using user/kernel shared memory for exchanging scheduling and communication information. We demonstrate that, compared with conventional mechanisms for process scheduling and stream communication, these new mechanisms can reduce overhead by up to a factor of four
Time for the United States to join the party? Prospects for US ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (2012)

The re-election of President Obama in November 2012 once again raises the tantalising possibility that the United States (US) will finally become a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).1 The question is, following many dashed hopes in the past, will the US finally 'join the party' and, in common with the vast majority of the international community, subscribe to UNCLOS?
Analysis of the mechanism of copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the mechanism of copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydrideDavid J. T. Hill, James H. O'Donnell, and Paul W. O'SullivanCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 1, 9–17Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00143a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00143a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1236Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Endocannabinoid System: A New Molecular Target for the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (2008)

Tobacco addiction is one of the leading preventable causes of mortality in the world and nicotine appears to be the main critical psychoactive component in establishing and maintaining tobacco dependence. Several lines of evidence suggest that the rewarding effects of nicotine, which underlie its abuse potential, can be modulated by manipulating the endocannabinoid system. For example, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of cannabinoid CB(1) receptors reduces or eliminates many behavioral and neurochemical effects of nicotine that are related to its addictive potential. This review will focus on the recently published literature about the role of the endocannabinoid system in nicotine addiction and on the endocannabinoid system as a novel molecular target for the discovery of medications for tobacco dependence.
Current Status in Testing for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (2019)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries with almost 25% affected adults worldwide. The growing public health burden is getting evident when considering that NAFLD-related liver transplantations are predicted to almost double within the next 20 years. Typically, hepatic alterations start with simple steatosis, which easily progresses to more advanced stages such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. This course of disease finally leads to end-stage liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although clinical trials show promising results, there is actually no pharmacological agent approved to treat NASH. Another important problem associated with NASH is that presently the liver biopsy is still the gold standard in diagnosis and for disease staging and grading. Because of its invasiveness, this technique is not well accepted by patients and the method is prone to sampling error. Therefore, an urgent need exists to find reliable, accurate and noninvasive biomarkers discriminating between different disease stages or to develop innovative imaging techniques to quantify steatosis.
Structure and Regulation of the Murine Reduced Folate Carrier Gene (2004)

The upstream structure and regulation of the mouse reduced folate carrier (mRFC) gene was characterized. By 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay and DNA sequencing from mouse tissues and 7-15-day stage embryos, mRFC transcripts with four unique 5' noncoding exons, designated mRFC-a,-b,-c, and -d, were identified mapping over 6300 bp. The 5' noncoding exons were characterized by multiple transcription starts and, for form b, two alternate splice forms. mRFC transcript forms were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in mouse tissues and embryos and in L1210 leukemia and BNL CL.2 liver cell lines. The highest mRFC levels were detected in kidney and brain. mRFC-b and -c were the major transcript forms, with low levels of mRFC-a and -d. The 5'-flanking regions for exons a-d each exhibited promoter activity in reporter gene assays. mRFC transcripts and individual noncoding exons were measured in small intestine and kidney from mice fed folate-deficient or -replete diets. Mice fed the folate-deficient diet exhibited a significant (13.8-fold) increase in total mRFC transcripts and protein in the small intestine, reflecting increases in each of the mRFC-b, -c, and -d forms. Only minor changes in mRFC transcript levels or distributions were detected for kidney. Levels of folate-binding protein alpha were also increased in both small intestine and kidney in folate-deficient mice (91- and 2-fold, respectively). Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 3 were, likewise, elevated in intestine from folate-deficient mice (53- and 168-fold, respectively); however, there were no significant changes in kidney. Our results document the existence of four unique noncoding exons and promoters for mRFC and demonstrate a facile induction of mRNAs for mRFC and multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 3 in intestine in response to changes in dietary folate intake.
Über ungesättigte heterocyclische Siebenringsysteme mit aromatischen Eigenschaften, I. Mitteil.: Derivate des Aza‐tropilidens (1956)

Abstract Die Synthese eines Derivates des Aza‐cycloheptatriens („Azatropilidens”︁) wird beschrieben. Die Verbindung verhält sich nicht wie ein stark ungesättigtes aliphatisches, sondern eher wie ein aromatisches System.
Home Appliance Mashup System Based on Web Service (2010)

With the development of Network Appliance, more and more mechanisms about network control have been introduced to improve the performance and the user experience. Since the cost of web-based interfaces is considerably low, Web can be used to provide the infrastructure for the design of simple and user-friendly interfaces for household appliances. In this paper, we propose a new system which can share the home appliance abilities to Internet as Web Service. By our system, a lot of Web Based Network Appliance related applications can be developed easily and give end users more friendly, flexible control interfaces. Furthermore, functions of different appliances can be integrated to provide more complex service to user, which is named Home Appliance Mashup in this paper.
The history of behavioral neurology. (1993)

Although often considered to be a relatively new subdivision of neurology, behavioral studies actually have a long and colorful history. The events that led originally to a consideration of behavior as a neurologic subspecialty are outlined, followed by a listing of some of the major occurrences and key figures that have produced the considerable growth of behavioral neurology over the past two decades.
Network Service Header (NSH) (2018)

This document describes a Network Service Header (NSH) imposed on
packets or frames to realize Service Function Paths (SFPs). The NSH
also provides a mechanism for metadata exchange along the instantiated
service paths. The NSH is the Service Function Chaining (SFC)
encapsulation required to support the SFC architecture (defined in RFC
7665).
Silicon‐Nitrogen Heterocycles (1966)

Abstract Great progress has recently been made in the chemistry of the silicon‐nitrogen bond C. Eaborn : Organosilicon Compounds. Butterworths, London 1960, p. 339. R. Fessenden and J. S. Fessenden , Chem. Reviews 61 , 361 (1961). K. A. Andrianov, I. Haiduc, and L. M. Khananashvili , Uspekhi Khim. 32 , 563 (1963); Chem. Abstr. 59 , 8782 (1963). U. Wannagat, Advances inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 6 , 265 (1964). I. Haiduc : Westep do Chemii Nieorganicznych Zwiazkow Pierscieniowyrh. WPN, Warsaw 1964, Chap. 10 (in Polish). . Whereas attention was formerly concentrated on open‐chain silazanes and silylamines, growing interest is now being shown in the cyclic SiN compounds. A major factor which has contributed to the rapid development in this field is the need for better polymers and liquids for use above 350 °C Cf. E. G. Rochow , Chim. et Ind. 85 , 897 (1961). . The present article deals with monomeric cyclic compounds containing at least one silicon‐nitrogen bond in the ring, as well as the polycyclic compounds derived from these.
Development of Dirofilaria immitis third stage larvae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in micropore chambers implanted into surrogate hosts. (1985)

Groups of 100 third stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis recovered from Aedes aegypti were loaded into 250 microliters capacity micropore chambers (0.3 micron pore size) and implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice, jirds, cotton rats and ferrets. In all hosts 74-87% of larvae moulted by 74 hours, with less than 5% mortality. The fourth stage worms recovered at 74 hours were cultured in vitro in L-15 (Leibovitz) medium plus 20% foetal bovine serum with a dog sarcoma feeder cell line. After 96 hours cultivation, the larvae were comparable in size to those recovered from the dog 7 days post-infection (Orihel 1961). Chambers were also recovered from mice at intervals up to day 8. Larval survival at the longer times was approximately 90% and growth was similar to that reported for larvae in the dog. Incubation of third and fourth stage larvae in chambers with Trypan blue demonstrated that the gut is non-functional until the completion of the third moult.
Modulated release from drug delivery devices. (1993)

Modulated drug release devices are devices that are capable of adjusting drug output to meet a physiological need. Such devices can be broadly grouped as externally modulated and self-modulated. In the former case, an externally generated signal is applied to the device, which then adjusts drug output in response to the intensity of the signal. In the latter case, the changes in drug release are caused by changes in the environment surrounding the polymer and no external signal is necessary. Because of the real need for an improved treatment of diabetes, a significant portion of the research currently under way deals with the modulated release of insulin.
Altered small‐world brain functional networks in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2008)

In this study, we investigated the changes in topological architectures of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) were obtained from 19 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls during resting state. Brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding the correlation matrix between 90 cortical and subcortical regions and further analyzed by applying graph theoretical approaches. Experimental results showed that, although brain networks of both groups exhibited economical small-world topology, altered functional networks were demonstrated in the brain of ADHD when compared with the normal controls. In particular, increased local efficiencies combined with a decreasing tendency in global efficiencies found in ADHD suggested a disorder-related shift of the topology toward regular networks. Additionally, significant alterations in nodal efficiency were also found in ADHD, involving prefrontal, temporal, and occipital cortex regions, which were compatible with previous ADHD studies. The present study provided the first evidence for brain dysfunction in ADHD from the viewpoint of global organization of brain functional networks by using resting-state fMRI.
THE EVOLUTION OF SPONTANEOUS AND COHERENT RADIATION IN THE FREE ELECTRON LASER OSCILLATOR (1983)

An analysis of the free electron laser (FEL) oscillator start-up problem in the linear regime is presented. The model is spatially one dimensional, though many important three dimensional effects are included heuristically. The electron beam consists of pulses of arbitrary shape separated by approximately twice the radiation transit time. The small gain/pass approximation is employed in deriving an energy rate equation, which describes the evolution of the radiation pulses within the resonator. The wiggler field is assumed to occupy a portion of the finite Q resonator. In the energy rate equation, the spontaneous (incoherent) radiation term is represented by a source matrix, while the stimulated (coherent) radiation term is represented by a gain matrix. The effects of small variations in the mirror separation are investigated in the context of laser lethargy. Our analysis suggests possible methods which could substantially shorten the start-up times in FEL oscillators. Finally, our results are compared with the FEL oscillator experiments performed at Stanford University.
A Novel Method for Identifying Exact Sensor Using Multiplicative Noise Component (2013)

In this paper, we analyze and analytically describe the multiplicative deterministic noise component of imaging sensors in a novel way. Specifically, we show how to use the multiplicative nature of this component to derive a method enabling its estimation. Since this noise component is unique per sensor, consequently, the derived method is applied on digital image ballistics tasks in order to pinpoint the exact device that created a specific digital photo. Moreover, we enhance the method to be resistent to optical zoom and JPEG compression.
Pleiotropic Functions of Rho GTPase Signaling: A Trojan Horse or Achilles Heel for Breast Cancer Treatment? (2010)

Rho GTPase signaling is altered in human breast tumors, and elevated expression and activation of Rho GTPases correlate with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Here we review the evidence that Rho signaling functions as a key regulator of cell cycle, mitosis, apoptosis, and invasion during breast cancer growth and progression and discuss whether these pleiotropic actions enhance or limit the targetability of this network. We propose that depending on the stage and subtype of breast cancer, targeting Rho signaling may have chemopreventative, anti-tumor, and anti-metastatic efficacy. An understanding of how Rho signaling is perturbed in specific stages and subtypes of breast cancer and how it functions in the context of the complex in vivo environment during the stochastic process of tumor formation and progression are necessary in order to effectively target this signaling network for breast cancer treatment.
Profile of Circulating Levels of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Interleukin-6 in Colorectal Cancer Patients (1999)

Serum IL-1ra, induced systemically by a marked activation of the IL-6 network in cancer tissue, may be a potent index that evaluates disease progression of colorectal carcinoma. Decreased serum IL-1ra to IL-6 ratio may reflect the deterioration of the systemic anti-inflammatory response that is associated with aging, tumor-related malnutrition, or immunosuppression.
Surface Plasmon Studies of Thin Silver/Gold Bimetallic Films (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Plasmon Studies of Thin Silver/Gold Bimetallic FilmsTimothy T. Ehler and Lewis J. NoeCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 10, 4177–4179Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00010a088https://doi.org/10.1021/la00010a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of dermatomycoses with topically applied allylamines: naftifine and terbinafine (1990)

Two examples of antifungal drugs belonging to the newly developed class of drugs referred to as allylamines have been evaluated for their efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile when used topically in a 1% cream formulation for the treatment of dermatomycoses. These are naftifine (Exoderil) and terbinafine (Lamisil). Naftifine has been studied and is now used in a 1% gel as well, but this is not reviewed in this report. Both allylamines are very effective against a broad range of dermatophytes and yeasts causing tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, cutaneous candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor, and lead to mycological cure rates of 79–100% in the various indications. Both are well tolerated, rarely causing adverse events such as local irritation or burning at the site of application. Unique features of the drugs include their fungicidal action which has been shown by studies with terbinafine to allow short durations of treatment of 1–2 weeks and by studies with naftifine to be associated with anti-inflammatory activity. This new class of antifungal drugs appears to provide increased opportunity for successful treatment of dermatomycoses with topically applied formulations.
2′-fucosyllactose: an abundant, genetically determined soluble glycan present in human milk (2013)

Lactose is the preeminent soluble glycan in milk and a significant source of energy for most newborn mammals. Elongation of lactose with additional monosaccharides gives rise to a varied repertoire of free soluble glycans such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), which is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In infants, 2'-FL is resistant to digestion and reaches the colon where it is partially fermented, behaving as soluble prebiotic fiber. Evidence also suggests that portions of small soluble milk glycans, including 2'-FL, are absorbed, thus raising the possibility of systemic biological effects. 2'-FL bears an epitope of the Secretor histo-blood group system; approximately 70-80% of all milk samples contain 2'-FL, since its synthesis depends on a fucosyltransferase that is not uniformly expressed. The fact that some infants are not exposed to 2'-FL has helped researchers to retrospectively probe for biological activities of this glycan. This review summarizes the attributes of 2'-FL in terms of its occurrence in mammalian phylogeny, its postulated biological activities, and its variability in human milk.
Induction of Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells in Infarct Hearts by Gene Transfer of Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (2012)

GMT gene transfer induced cardiomyocyte-like cells in infarcted hearts.