gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Metrics (2014)

Computer Vision Metrics provides an extensive survey and analysis of over 100 current and historical feature description and machine vision methods, with a detailed taxonomy for local, regional and global features. This book provides necessary background to develop intuition about why interest point detectors and feature descriptors actually work, how they are designed, with observations about tuning the methods for achieving robustness and invariance targets for specific applications. The survey is broader than it is deep, with over 540 references provided to dig deeper. The taxonomy includes search methods, spectra components, descriptor representation, shape, distance functions, accuracy, efficiency, robustness and invariance attributes, and more. Rather than providing ‘how-to’ source code examples and shortcuts, this book provides a counterpoint discussion to the many fine opencv community source code resources available for hands-on practitioners.
Breaking the Silence: Protein Stabilization Uncovers Silenced Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the Fungus Aspergillus nidulans (2012)

The genomes of filamentous fungi comprise numerous putative gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of chemically and structurally diverse secondary metabolites (SMs), which are rarely expressed under laboratory conditions. Previous approaches to activate these genes were based primarily on artificially targeting the cellular protein synthesis apparatus. Here, we applied an alternative approach of genetically impairing the protein degradation apparatus of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans by deleting the conserved eukaryotic csnE/CSN5 deneddylase subunit of the COP9 signalosome. This defect in protein degradation results in the activation of a previously silenced gene cluster comprising a polyketide synthase gene producing the antibiotic 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)benzaldehyde (DHMBA). The csnE/CSN5 gene is highly conserved in fungi, and therefore, the deletion is a feasible approach for the identification of new SMs.
Coronary Thrombolysis with Human Single-Chain, Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (Pro-Urokinase) in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (1986)

Single-chain, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-urokinase), isolated from the conditioned medium of a human renal adenocarcinoma cell line, was administered to six patients with evolving myocardial infarction of less than 5 hours' duration and angiographically confirmed total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. The agent was infused intravenously at a rate of 40 mg over 60 minutes immediately followed in three patients by intracoronary infusion of 20 mg over 30 minutes. In four of the six patients complete reperfusion was obtained during intravenous administration and in one patient after 20 minutes of intracoronary infusion. One patient did not respond. The infusion caused significant changes in the fibrinogen level and generation of fibrinogen breakdown products in only one patient. Single-chain, urokinase-type plasminogen activator can induce clot-selective coronary thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Role of Phasic Dynamism of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Ischemic Preconditioning of the Canine Heart (2001)

Although ischemic stress, including ischemic preconditioning (IP), activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the relationship between p38 MAPK activation and the underlying cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection by IP is not verified in vivo. We examined the effects of the selective p38 MAPK inhibition on the cardioprotective effect of IP in the open-chest dogs. The coronary artery was occluded 4 times for 5 minutes, separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion (IP) followed by 90 minutes of occlusion and 6 hours of reperfusion. We infused SB203580 into the coronary artery during IP and 1 hour of reperfusion, during IP alone, and during sustained ischemia in the IP group. p38 MAPK activity markedly increased during IP but did not additionally increase at the onset of ischemia and was even attenuated at 15 minutes of sustained ischemia, and heat-shock protein (HSP) 27 was phosphorylated and translocated from cytosol to myofibril or nucleus without affecting total protein level at the onset of ischemia compared with the control group. SB203580 treatment (1 micromol/L) only during IP blunted the infarct size limitation by IP (37.3+/-6.3% versus 7.4+/-2.1% in the IP group, P:<0.01) and attenuated either phosphorylation or translocation of HSP27 during IP. Although the SB203580 treatment throughout the preischemic and postischemic periods had no significant effect on infarct size (33.3+/-9.4%) in this model, treatment with SB203580 only during ischemia partially mimicked the infarct size limitation by IP (26.8+/-3.5%). Thus, transient p38 MAPK activation during ischemic preconditioning mainly mediates the cardioprotection followed by HSP27 phosphorylation and translocation in vivo in the canine heart.
Complication Probability as Assessed from Dose-Volume Histograms (1985)

John T. Lyman, Complication Probability as Assessed from Dose-Volume Histograms, Radiation Research Supplement, Vol. 8, Heavy Charged Particles in Research and Medicine. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, May 1-3, 1985 (Nov., 1985), pp. S13-S19
El "non bis in idem". Incidencia en el derecho media ambiental (2000)

Treatment modalities for metastatic spine disease have significantly expanded over the last two decades. This expansion occurred in many different fields. Improvement in surgical techniques and instrumentation now allow the oncologic spine surgeons to effectively circumferentially decompress the neural elements without compromising stability. Percutaneous techniques, both vertebral augmentation and pre-operative endovascular embolization procedures, also greatly benefit patients suffering from spinal column metastasis. Imaging technology advances has contributed to better pre-operative planning and the development of highly conformational radiation techniques, thus permitting the delivery of high-dose radiation to tumors, while avoiding radiotoxicity to the spinal cord and other vital structures. These new developments, combined with evidence-based stability and disease-specific quality of life scores now allow not only better treatment, but also a solid foundation for high-quality research. Spine oncology literature currently suffers from a lack of high-quality evidence due to low prevalence of the disease and complex methodological issues. However, when following evidence-based medicine principles, which incorporate best available evidence, clinical expertise and patient preference, sound, evidence-based recommendations can be made regarding the abovementioned treatment modalities.
Registration using tomographic projection files (1999)

An algorithm has been developed and experimentally verified for tomographic registration--a patient positioning method using internal anatomy and standard external fiducial marks. This algorithm improves patient set-up and verification to an accuracy sufficient for tomotherapy. By implementation of this technique, the time-consuming reconstruction process is avoided. Instead, offsets in the x, y and z directions are determined directly from sinogram data by an algorithm that utilizes cross-correlations and Fourier transforms. To verify the efficiency and stability of the algorithm, data were collected on the University of Wisconsin's dedicated tomotherapy research workbench. The experiment indicates offset statistical errors of less than +/-0.8 mm for offsets up to 30 mm. With standard clinical techniques, initial patient offsets are expected to be less than 5 mm, so the 30 mm limitation is of no consequence. The angular resolution for the direction of patient translation is within the +/-2 degrees needed for tomotherapy.
Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions at Position 115 on the Fidelity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase (2000)

We compared the fidelity of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and two RT mutants, Y115F and Y115V. Although neither mutation had a large effect on the overall fidelity of the enzyme, both mutations altered the spectrum of mutations and the precise nature of the mutational hot spots. The effects of Y115V were greater than those of Y115F. When we compared the behavior of the wild-type enzyme with published data, we found that, in contrast to what has been published, misalignment/slippage could account for only a small fraction of the mutations we observed. We also found that a preponderance of the mutations (both transitions and transversions) resulted in the insertion of an A. Because we were measuring DNA-dependent DNA synthesis (plus-strand synthesis), this bias could contribute to the A-rich nature of the HIV-1 genome.
Ocular Factors Relevant to Anti-Glaucomatous Eyedrop-Related Keratoepitheliopathy (2003)

The usage of multiple anti-glaucomatous eyedrops induces keratoepitheliopathy by reducing the tear volume and the tear film stability. Carteolol may be used more safely for corneal epithelium.
Convenient Procedures for Human Hair Protein Films and Properties of Alkaline Phosphatase Incorporated in the Film (2004)

We have developed a novel method of extracting proteins from human hair in the absence of detergent called the "Shindai Method". Using the protein solution consisting of hard alpha-keratins and matrix proteins prepared by this method, we developed two procedures for preparing hair protein films. The protein solution was mixed with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), perchloric acid (PCA) or guanidine-HCl (GHA), and then exposed in distilled water. Light brown aggregates immediately formed (Pre-cast method). The other method is based on the same characteristics of the hair proteins to form protein aggregates. The protein was directly exposed to the solution containing TCA, PCA, GHA, HCl, H(2)SO(4) or acetate buffer (Post-cast method). The maximum yield was greater than 70%. These protein films were water-insoluble and mainly made up of alpha-keratins. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the fine surface of the protein films was composed of particles, filaments, and porous structures and the constitution was dependent on the preparation procedure used. When porcine intestine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was mixed with the hair protein solution in a Post-cast method using acetate buffer (pH 5), ALP was incorporated into the alpha-keratin films. The activity retained in the protein film was approximately 8% of the original level. The biochemical properties of the ALP activity in the film were similar to those of the native enzyme.
Purification of Interferon by Adsorption Chromatography on Controlled Pore Glass (1976)

Human fibroblast and mouse L929 cell interferons can be purified by adsoprtion to and subsequent elution from Controlled Pore Glass. Purification of 40 to 90-fold to specific activities of 1 to 5 times 10(6) units/mg of protein can be achieved in a single step, with good recovery of activity. Human leukocyte interferon does not bind to the glass and cannot be purified in this way.
Regulation of the Epithelial Mg2+ Channel TRPM6 by Estrogen and the Associated Repressor Protein of Estrogen Receptor Activity (REA) (2009)

The maintenance of the Mg(2+) balance of the body is essential for neuromuscular excitability, protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability, and numerous enzymatic systems. The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 6 (TRPM6) functions as the gatekeeper of transepithelial Mg(2+) transport. However, the molecular regulation of TRPM6 channel activity remains elusive. Here, we identified the repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA) as an interacting protein of TRPM6 that binds to the 6(th), 7(th), and 8(th) beta-sheets in its alpha-kinase domain. Importantly, REA and TRPM6 are coexpressed in renal Mg(2+)-transporting distal convoluted tubules (DCT). We demonstrated that REA significantly inhibits TRPM6, but not its closest homologue TRPM7, channel activity. This inhibition occurs in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, since REA has no effect on the TRPM6 phosphotransferase-deficient mutant (K1804R), while it still binds to this mutant. Moreover, activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-PMA potentiated the inhibitory effect of REA on TRPM6 channel activity. Finally, we showed that the interaction between REA and TRPM6 is a dynamic process, as short-term 17beta-estradiol treatment disassociates the binding between these proteins. In agreement with this, 17beta-estradiol treatment significantly stimulates the TRPM6-mediated current in HEK293 cells. These results suggest a rapid pathway for the effect of estrogen on Mg(2+) homeostasis in addition to its transcriptional effect. Together, these data indicate that REA operates as a negative feedback modulator of TRPM6 in the regulation of active Mg(2+) (re)absorption and provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of renal transepithelial Mg(2+) transport.
Infection control needs vigilance (1997)

As an infection control nurse I read Lord Gerry Fitt’s account of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Perspectives January 22) with great interest as it highlighted several important issues.
Dual sepic PWM switching-mode DC/DC power converter (1989)

A steady-state analysis and experimental results for a dual sepic pulse-width-modulated (PWM) DC/DC power converter for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation are presented. The converter is dual to a sepic converter, but it can also be derived from a forward converter by replacing one of its rectifier diodes with a coupling capacitor. The circuit acts as a step-down or step-up converter, depending on the value of the ON switch duty cycle. The transformerless version of the converter has a positive DC/DC voltage transfer function. Therefore, the circuit is suitable for distributed power systems. Design equations for all circuit components are derived. Experimental results measured at 100 kHz were in good agreement with theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New fabrication method of a star coupler by stacking polymer films (1988)

A new way to make a star coupler is described, fabricated by stacking polymer films and then sticking them together using a heat press. By this method, star couplers with square core cross sections can be produced easily. The five-port multimode planar star coupler, made on an experimental basis, has an output power variation of ~1 dB and an insertion loss of ~3.5 dB.
Visualizing multidimensional query results using animation (2007)

Effective representation of large, complex collections of information (datasets) presents a difficult challenge. Visualization is a solution that uses a visual interface to support efficient analysis and discovery within the data. Our primary goal in this paper is a technique that allows viewers to compare multiple <i>query results</i> representing user-selected subsets of a multidimensional dataset. We present an algorithm that visualizes multidimensional information along a space-filling spiral. Graphical glyphs that vary their position, color, and texture appearance are used to represent attribute values for the data elements in each query result. Guidelines from human perception allow us to construct glyphs that are specifically designed to support exploration, facilitate the discovery of trends and relationships both within and between data elements, and highlight exceptions. A clustering algorithm applied to a user-chosen ranking attribute bundles together similar data elements. This encapsulation is used to show relationships across different queries via animations that morph between query results. We apply our techniques to the MovieLens recommender system, to demonstrate their applicability in a real-world environment, and then conclude with a simple validation experiment to identify the strengths and limitations of our design, compared to a traditional side-by-side visualization.
Transposition of Allylic Alcohols into Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by Transition Metal Complexes (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransposition of Allylic Alcohols into Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by Transition Metal ComplexesRamalinga Uma, Christophe Crévisy, and René GréeView Author Information ENSCR, Laboratoire de Synthèses et Activations de Biomolécules, CNRS UMR 6052, avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 1, 27–52Publication Date (Web):November 28, 2002Publication History Received15 July 2002Published online28 November 2002Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0103165https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0103165research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6928Altmetric-Citations383LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Carbonyls,Catalysts,Isomerization,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Moving through the Phase Diagram: Morphology Formation in Solution Cast Polymer–Fullerene Blend Films for Organic Solar Cells (2011)

The efficiency of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells strongly depends on the multiscale morphology of the interpenetrating polymer-fullerene network. Understanding the molecular assembly and the identification of influencing parameters is essential for a systematic optimization of such devices. Here, we investigate the molecular ordering during the drying of doctor-bladed polymer-fullerene blends on PEDOT:PSS-coated substrates simultaneously using in situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and laser reflectometry. In the process of blend crystallization, we observe the nucleation of well-aligned P3HT crystallites in edge-on orientation at the interface at the instant when P3HT solubility is crossed. A comparison of the real-time GIXD study at ternary blends with the binary phase diagrams of the drying blend film gives evidence of strong polymer-fullerene interactions that impede the crystal growth of PCBM, resulting in the aggregation of PCBM in the final drying stage. A systematic dependence of the film roughness on the drying time after crossing P3HT solubility has been shown. The highest efficiencies have been observed for slow drying at low temperatures which showed the strongest P3HT interchain π-π-ordering along the substrate surface. By adding the "unfriendly" solvent cyclohexanone to a chlorobenzene solution of P3HT:PCBM, the solubility can be crossed prior to the drying process. Such solutions exhibit randomly orientated crystalline structures in the freshly cast film which results in a large crystalline orientation distribution in the dry film that has been shown to be beneficial for solar cell performance.
Yield and matching implications for static RAM memory array sense-amplifier design (2000)

The effects of MOS transistor mismatch upon sense-amplifier yield in synchronous static RAM memories is investigated. The matching characteristics of the two transistor layout styles are compared, a general formula is derived for calculating the statistical likelihood of the sense amplifier failing to read correct data given transistor size and input differential voltage, recommendations are made for optimizing size/speed/reliability trade-offs.
Oceanapiside, an Antifungal Bis-α,ω-amino Alcohol Glycoside from the Marine Sponge <i>Oceanapia</i> <i>p</i><i>hillipensis</i> (1999)

The structure of oceanapiside, an antifungal alpha, omega-bis-aminohydroxylipid glycoside from the temperate marine sponge Oceanapia sp., was elucidated by a combination of 2D NMR, chemical degradation/correlation, and MALDI MS-MS spectrometry. Oceanapiside exhibits antifungal activity against Candida glabrata at 10 micrograms/mL (MIC).
Imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridinium salts (1965)

Abstract 2‐Alkylamino‐ or arylaminopyridines react directly with α‐bromoketones to afford 1‐alkyl‐ or 1‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinium salts with substituents at position 2. Use of chloroacetaldoxime as the quaternizing agent yields (after hydrolysis) the imidazo‐[1,2‐a]pyridinium ion with no substituent at position 2. The earlier supposition that alkylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines occurs in position 1 has been shown to be correct. It has been pointed out that the 1‐substituted imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridinium system is but one of a group of aromatic heterocyclic systems isoelectronic with the quinolizinium system.
Controlling bi-anisotropy in infrared metamaterials using three-dimensional split-ring-resonators for purely magnetic resonance (2017)

We propose and demonstrate the strategy to control bi-anisotropic response in three-dimensional split-ring-resonators (3D-SRRs) array for purely magnetic resonance in the mid-infrared region. By using a metal-stress-driven self-folding method, inversion symmetry along a propagation axis of 3D-SRRs was controlled. The inversion symmetry of 3D-SRRs realized non-bi-anisotropic response of a magnetic resonant mode at around 10 μm in wavelength resulting in purely magnetic resonance with high transmission of 70%. Highly transparent purely magnetic artificial elements demonstrated in this study will be a key component for functional applications using artificial magnetism at the optical frequencies.