gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A protein residing at the subunit interface of the bacterial ribosome (1999)

Surface labeling of Escherichia coli ribosomes with the use of the tritium bombardment technique has revealed a minor unidentified ribosome-bound protein (spot Y) that is hidden in the 70S ribosome and becomes highly labeled on dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. In the present work, the N-terminal sequence of the protein Y was determined and its gene was identified as yfia, an ORF located upstream the phe operon of E. coli. This 12.7-kDa protein was isolated and characterized. An affinity of the purified protein Y for the 30S subunit, but not for the 50S ribosomal subunit, was shown. The protein proved to be exposed on the surface of the 30S subunit. The attachment of the 50S subunit resulted in hiding the protein Y, thus suggesting the protein location at the subunit interface in the 70S ribosome. The protein was shown to stabilize ribosomes against dissociation. The possible role of the protein Y as ribosome association factor in translation is discussed.
Adaptive window algorithm for aerial image stereo (2002)

Binocular stereo vision processes estimate 3D surfaces using a pair of images taken from different points of view. 3D surface characteristics are estimated by matching 3D image areas or features corresponding to the projections of same 3D points. The most classic area-based methods used cross correlation with a fixed window-size, but this technique presents a major draw-back: the computation of depth is generally prone to errors close to surface discontinuities. In this paper, we present our current results on aerial stereo images of urban areas from correlation-based algorithm, with an adaptive window-size constrained by an edge map extracted from the images. This technique is not used to refine an initial disparity map, but to create one with good discontinuities location.
Transition of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to micro‐invasive carcinoma is characterized by integration of HPV 16/18 and numerical chromosome abnormalities (2003)

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, II, and III) and cases of CIN III associated with micro-invasive cervical carcinoma (CIN III & mCA) were analysed for evidence of episomal or integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In parallel, numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 17, and X were determined in these lesions as indicators of genomic instability. HPV 16/18 DNA was present in 2 of 12 CIN I, 19 of 23 CIN II/III, and 10 of 12 CIN III & mCA. None of the CIN I and only two of the 19 HPV 16/18-positive solitary CIN II/III showed an integrated HPV pattern. However, all ten cases of HPV-positive CIN III & mCA showed this pattern. Transition of CIN II/III to CIN III & mCA therefore correlates strongly with viral integration (p<0.001). Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 23 of 31 HPV 16/18-positive lesions (14 solitary CIN I-III and nine CIN III & mCA) and 5 of 16 HPV-negative lesions. Nine of 21 HPV 16/18-positive solitary CIN I-III showed tetrasomy for all chromosomes tested, while trisomies for a single chromosome were seen in a further five of these HPV-positive lesions. In eight of ten HPV-positive CIN III & mCA, predominantly aneusomies and/or polysomies were detected. A significant correlation (p<0.02) was found between the chromosome copy number and the physical status of HPV, indicating that in its episomal form HPV induces genomic changes such as tetrasomies and single trisomies, while HPV integration correlates with aneusomies and polysomies, predominantly detected in CIN III & mCA. These data indicate that integration of HPV 16/18 DNA is a pivotal step in the transition of CIN to micro-invasive carcinoma.
Dynamic Allocation of Subcarriers and Transmit Powers in an OFDMA Cellular Network (2009)

This paper considers the problem of minimizing outage probabilities in the downlink of a multiuser, multicell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular network with frequency selective fading, imperfect channel state information, and frequency hopping. The task is to determine the allocation of powers and subcarriers for users to ensure that the user outage probabilities are as low as possible. We formulate a min-max outage probability problem and solve it under the constraint that the transmit power spectrum at each base station is flat. In particular, we obtain a subchannel allocation algorithm that has complexity <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> ) in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> , the number of users in the cell. We also consider suboptimal but implementable approaches with and without the flat transmit power spectrum constraint. We conclude that the flat transmit spectrum approach has merit, and warrants further study.
Mechanics of interfacial delamination under hygrothermal stresses during reflow soldering (2002)

Inherent voids or defects at the interface between die pad and plastic encapsulant become stress concentration sites when the IC package absorbs moisture or undergoes reflow soldering. If the stress intensity factor at the interfacial voids exceeds the critical fracture toughness of the pad-encapsulant interface, delamination occurs, eventually leading to popcorn cracking. In this paper, the mechanics of interfacial delamination under hygrothermal stress during solder reflow are discussed. A methodology for computation of the resultant total stress intensity factor due to the combined effects of hygro- and thermal stresses is presented. The methodology is then applied to study the effect of prebaking on delamination during solder reflow. To verify the methodology, a series of experiments was conducted in which several plastic IC packages were fabricated with a very small defect at the pad-encapsulant interface and preconditioning at 85/spl deg/C/85% RH for 168 hours. The packages were then prebaked at 150/spl deg/C for varying periods such as 30 minutes, 6.5 hours and 24 hours before being placed in varying high temperature environments in an oven. Oven temperatures ranged from 185/spl deg/C to 200/spl deg/C. The packages were then examined for delaminations by scanning acoustic microscopy. It was found that when the prebaking period was short, delamination occurred. The methodology developed was applied to predict the minimum period of prebaking required to avoid delamination during solder reflow. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and observed values.
Coupling of nitrogen vacancy centres in nanodiamonds by means of phonons (2013)

Abstract Realizing controlled quantum dynamics via the magnetic interactions between colour centres in diamond remains a challenge despite recent demonstrations for nanometre separated pairs. Here we propose to use the intrinsic acoustical phonons in diamond as a data bus for accomplishing this task. We show that for nanodiamonds the electron–phonon coupling can take significant values that together with mode frequencies in the THz range can serve as a resource for conditional gate operations. Based on these results, we analyse how to use this phonon-induced interaction for constructing quantum gates among the electron-spin triplet ground states, introducing the phonon dependence via Raman transitions. Combined with decoupling pulses this offers the possibility for creating entangled states within nanodiamonds on the scale of several tens of nanometres, a promising prerequisite for quantum sensing applications.
Smart Underwear for Diabetic Patients (2009)

In recent years, as the demand for health care and proper diet increases,
smart clothing with a built-in health care monitoring system is likely to
have a high demand rate in the market. As diabetes is increasing, the
smart wear for diabetic patients is necessary. Therefore, this study
suggested the design of the smart underwear for diabetic patients. This
smart underwear is able to monitor diabetic patients’ health condition and
glucose levels through the glucose sensor and biosensors. Sensed vital
signs are transmitted to a dedicated operating transmitter, PC, PDA, or
mobile phone. Patients are able to have real time information about their
health condition, including blood sugar levels. It allows patients to
determine their blood sugar level and manage their diet and/or medication.
As the market’s demand for medical information increases, this smart
underwear will provide a significant part of the answer for patients.
33.3: Contrast Enhancement of OLED Displays (2000)

Abstract A high contrast OLED display technology has been developed using Luxell's BlackLite™ technology integrated with UDC's transparent cathode structure. This structure demonstrates the potential of achieving an OLED display with low reflectivity, enhanced image clarity, reduced drive currents and enhanced display lifetime.
Design of Base-Discriminating Fluorescent Nucleoside and Its Application to T/C SNP Typing (2003)

We report a novel method for base detection using a base-discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleoside. We developed BDF probes containing methoxybenzodeazaadenine MDA and methoxybenzodeazainosine MDI, which give strong fluorescence only when the base on the complementary strand is cytosine and thymine, respectively. Thus, the MDA- and MDI-containing ODNs can be used as a very effective BDF probe for the detection of single base alterations, such as SNPs and point mutations. The present method using BDF probes is a very powerful tool for SNP typing that does not require any enzymes and time-consuming steps, and can avoid hybridization errors. In addition, a combination of MDA- and MDI-containing BDF probes facilitates the T/C SNP typing of a heterozygous sample.
Characterization of Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Catalyst Studies (1991)

The characteristics of diffuse reflectance (DR) infrared spectrometry for the study of adsorbed species were investigated. DR spectra of adsorbed CO on supported catalysts with a high surface area may be obtained at high signal-to-noise ratio with detection limits approaching 10 −6 monolayer coverage on the metal surface. Band intensities of adsorbed species as they appear in the Kubelka-Munk (KM) spectra are linear with surface coverage over a low coverage range but show a negative deviation from linearity at high coverage. This effect is due either to a nonlinear response of the KM function with analyte concentration or possibly to a change in the absorptivities of adsorbates with increasing coverage. Several factors affect band intensity reproducibility including: (1) gas equilibration in the sample, (2) baseline variations due to changes in the scattering coefficient, and (3) signal loss at elevated sample temperatures when a mercury-cadmium-telluride detector is used, because unmodulated radiation leads to conduction band or preamplifier saturation. Reproducibility between different catalyst samples is affected by sample packing and treatment history.
Studies in the Lauraceae, V. Some eastern Asiatic species of Beilschmiedia and related genera (1942)

A LARGE portion of the eastern Asiatic species of Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya from the herbaria of the Arnold Arboretum, Gray, and New York Botanical Garden has been on loan to Dr. Kostermans for several years. As there is no immediate prospect of its return, it has seemed advisable to gather together such material as is available at present and to attempt to place the mass of Chinese specimens from recent collections. The intention of this paper, therefore, is not to present a complete study of the genera involved but rather to make usable what specimens we have. Originally Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya and Endiandra only were to be considered, but on detailed study it proved desirable to propose a new combination in Dehaasia and a new genus, Lauromerrillia, Cryptocarya yielded a Chinese representative of the Indian genus Syndiclis. It goes without saying that in all probability some revision will be necessary when type material is available.
Overlay: woven roots. A cross-cultural art project : views and (re)views (2003)

Overlay: woven roots took place during September 2002 in Plettenberg Bay within the Roots and Rhythm: Eco and Sport Festival. The festival included a wide diversity of sport, cultural activities, musical performances, various art projects and a five-day Spring School. Our project focussed on the public context of land art.
Oxide defined TJS lasers in InGaAsP/InP DH structures (1979)

Transverse junction stripe lasers in the InGaAsP-InP systems have been fabricated by Zn diffusion through oxide windows into DH structures of InGaAsP/InP with all epitaxial layers n-type. The quaternary layer composition is such that room temperature laser emission is at 1.18 μm. TJS laser mode behavior with accompanying single longitudinal mode operation and kink-free light-output characteristics are seen at 77 K. As the temperature is increased, this behavior persists up to about 130 K, when parallel electron injection through the p-n junction in the InP layers becomes so large that, in parallel with the TJS laser filament, a normally operating DH laser filament starts operating. At higher temperatures only the latter is seen to operate.
High-dose paclitaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to anthracycline therapy: a European Cancer Center trial. (1995)

Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is a novel cytostatic agent that has shown interesting antitumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer. Depending on variable patient characteristics and amount and type of prior therapy, as well as the applied dose and schedule of paclitaxel, response rates have varied from 13% to 62%. However, optimal dose and schedule are still unknown. We studied a high-dose (250 to 300 mg/m2) 3-hour paclitaxel infusion schedule in a poor prognostic group of breast cancer patients who progressed or relapsed while taking anthracyclines. This regimen was given every 3 weeks. Twenty-one of the 36 patients studied had increased liver enzymes and 18 had documented liver metastases. The objective response rate was only 6%, but response rate by disease site indicated that soft tissue lesions responded in 30% of cases. For a better comparison with other reported data a uniform definition of "anthracycline refractory" is needed. Neuropathy, which was found to be dose limiting, and arthralgia/myalgia syndrome were the most frequently occurring toxicities. Both severe myelosuppression (and infections) and severe diarrhea and mucositis were reported more frequently in patients with liver dysfunction. As higher peak levels, increased areas under the concentration time curves, and longer times during which plasma concentrations were above the threshold level of 0.1 mumol/L were found in patients with elevated liver enzymes, a correlation with the observed toxicities is assumed. Further pharmacodynamic studies in such patients receiving a 3-hour infusion seem warranted.
Immune Response to a Transplantable Malignant Melanoma in Mice2 (1974)

Humoral immune response to the B16 melanoma in its syngeneic host, the C57BL/6J mouse, in volved production of complement-fixing, cytotoxic, and reaginic antibodies to B16 antigens. Lymphocytes that were stimulated to DNA synthesis when cultured with B16 antigens were present in the spleen and regional lymph nodes. Lymphocytes capable of inhibiting B16 growth in vitro were in the spleen but not in the regional lymph nodes during tumor growth; in contrast, lymphocytes of the regional nodes stimulated B16 growth in vitro. Serum collected during tumor growth converted from inhibitory to stimulatory the action of immune spleen lymphocytes on 816 growth. Macrophages in the tumor increased in number during tumor growth; histopathologic examination of the growing tumor revealed an early, transient, lymphocyte infiltrate and later macrophage involvement. The blood, spleen, and regional-node lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin decreased as the tumor grew. We concluded that absence of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the regional nodes, serum-mediated conversion of the effect of immune lymphocytes from inhibitory to stimulatory action on B16 growth, and anergy ofthymus-derived lymphocytes allowed the B16 tumor success over its host.
Growth and Blood Constituents of Immature New Hampshire Fowl Exposed to a Constant Temperature of 99°F. for 7 Days (1959)

The effect of high environmental temperatures on mortality, growth, feed consumption and thyroid weights of immature fowl fed ad libitum has been reported by Wilson and Plaister (1951) and Joiner and Huston (1957). In the studies presented here the effect on growth and blood serum sconstituents of 5-week old New Hampshire chicks maintained at a constant temperature of 99°F. for a 7-day period has been determined for both ad libitum and paired feeding regimens. METHODS The equipment used for these high temperature studies has been previously described (Squibb et al., 1954). The New Hampshire chicks used in these experiments were F1 female progeny from imported stock. The control birds were housed in all-wire cages in a room having a temperature of 70°F. The effects of an environmental temperature of 99°F. was studied under two feeding regimens: (1) ad libitum, and (2) paired. All birds were fed an imported mash containing …
An MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism (1997)

In the context of recent reports of increased brain size in autism, several possible mechanisms are considered in exploring the significance of a smaller relative size of the corpus callosum in autism.
Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are associated with enhanced expression of IL-1 cytokines in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis and in a murine model of filaggrin deficiency (2012)

AD(FLG) is associated with an increased SC IL-1 cytokine profile; this profile is also seen in a murine homologue of filaggrin deficiency. These findings might have importance in understanding the influence of FLG mutations on the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD and help individualize therapeutic approaches.
Estimating energy consumption for routing algorithms (2012)

Due to increased public discussion on global climate change and increased awareness of environmental issues in general, a variety of transport related strategies are being developed to reduce the energy consumption of road travel. Pre-trip journey planners and on-trip navigation systems are widely used to identify optimal routes. Travel time, trip distance and travel cost are usually used as criteria to search for the best route and suitable alternatives. However, energy use could also be used as a criterion in these systems to identify energy minimizing routes will be one measure to reduce fuel consumption. In order to identify these ”eco-friendly” routes, the energy consumption for each link of a network must be computed quickly and precisely. This paper presents an approach for calculating link energy consumption based on the actual power needed to overcome the driving resistance for each link using link travel speeds and v/c-ratios. The proposed method can be embedded in routing algorithms and be used as one component in the optimization of the route algorithm's generalized cost function.
Calculating Interval Forecasts (1993)

The importance of interval forecasts is reviewed. Several general approaches to calculating such forecasts are described and compared. They include the use of theoretical formulas based on a fitted probability model (with or without a correction for parameter uncertainty), various “approximate” formulas (which should be avoided), and empirically based, simulation, and resampling procedures. The latter are useful when theoretical formulas are not available or there are doubts about some model assumptions. The distinction between a forecasting method and a forecasting model is expounded. For large groups of series, a forecasting method may be chosen in a fairly ad hoc way. With appropriate checks, it may be possible to base interval forecasts on the model for which the method is optimal. It is certainly unsound to use a model for which the method is not optimal, but, strangely, this is sometimes done. Some general comments are made as to why prediction intervals tend to be too narrow in practice to encompass the required proportion of future observations. An example demonstrates the overriding importance of careful model specification. In particular, when data are “nearly nonstationary,” the difference between fitting a stationary and a nonstationary model is critical.
Systematic Chemical Mutagenesis Identifies a Potent Novel Apratoxin A/E Hybrid with Improved in Vivo Antitumor Activity (2011)

Apratoxins are cytotoxic marine natural products that prevent cotranslational translocation early in the secretory pathway. We showed that apratoxins downregulate receptors and growth factor ligands, giving a one-two punch to cancer cells, particularly those that rely on autocrine loops. Through total synthesis, we tested the effects of amino acid substitutions, including alanine scanning, on the downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and probed the stereospecificity of target engagement by epimerization of selected chiral centers. Differential effects on two types of secretory molecules suggest that the apratoxins' substrate selectivity with respect to inhibition of secretion may be tuned through structural modifications to provide tailored therapy. Our structure-activity relationship studies and medicinal chemistry efforts led to a potent inhibitor with in vivo efficacy in a colorectal tumor xenograft model without irreversible toxicity exerted by apratoxin A, demonstrating that this novel mechanism of action has therapeutic potential.
One hundred years of sickle cell disease (2010)

The first formal report of sickle cell disease occurred 100 years ago. This review traces the early historical reports, the evolution of understanding of the genetics, the molecular and chemical basis of sickle haemoglobin, and the advances made over the last 30-40 years in improving the management. Newborn screening and close follow-up, especially early in life, has significantly improved survival but these advances require resources and sophisticated infrastructure. In sub-Saharan Africa over 250 000 births annually suggest that these advances are unlikely to be implemented within the foreseeable future. Prevention of the disease where possible, could reduce the numbers of new patients allowing better facilities for the care of others. As the disease results from the inheritance of abnormal haemoglobin genes from both parents, it is eminently preventable. The unanswered question, whether genotype detection and counselling will influence reproductive decisions, is currently being addressed by a project in central Jamaica.