gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Inherited Predisposition to Breast Cancer (2005)

The known breast cancer predisposing genes account for only about 20% of inherited susceptibility. Epidemiological analyses suggest that much of the remaining 80% is explained by the combined effect of many individually weak genetic variants, rather than by further rare, highly penetrant mutations. In the near term, identification of variants may indicate new pathways or mechanisms in breast cancer development. The polygenic model implies a wide distribution of risk in the population. In the longer term, it may be possible to construct individual risk profiles to guide public health interventions. The search for genetic variants has so far proved difficult. A key unanswered question is the "genetic architecture" of predisposition-that is, strong or weak alleles, common or rare. We describe a genome-wide scan designed to provide a first-pass answer to this question.
The wireless local loop (1997)

In telephony, the loop is defined as the circuit connecting a subscriber's station (e.g., telephone set) with the line terminating equipment in a central office (a switch in the telephone network). The trunks start from the central office in the loop; they break down into several smaller bundles of circuits after moving away from the central office. These circuits are eventually separated into individual drops for the residential homes. The cost of the loop tends to be dominated by the residential side. (It is typically referred to as the "expensive last km"). This statement is particularly true for rural areas. The International Telecommunications Union's (ITU) projection indicates that 150 million new telephone lines will need to be installed in developing countries by the year 2000. As a result, telecommunication operators are looking to wireless technology to replace part of the hard-wire infrastructure. Wireless local loop (WLL) technology is being considered because the radio systems can be rapidly developed, easily extended and are distance insensitive. The WLL eliminates the wires, poles and ducts essential for a wired network.
Inflammatory cells as well as epithelial cells in nasal polyps express vascular endothelial growth factor (2000)

In nasal polyps (NPs), locally secreted growth factors are involved in the remodelling of the epithelium and extracellular matrix but little is known concerning vessel remodelling. The in situ expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in NPs and control nasal mucosa (CM) were evaluated and in vitro secretion of VEGF from primary human cultures of nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) was quantified. VEGF expression was evaluated in NP (n=14) and CM (n=6) after immunolabelling. In supernatants from HNECs cultured at air/liquid interface, VEGF was quantified by immunoassay, under baseline conditions and after transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) stimulation. In HNEC lysates, VEGF and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were detected using Western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction respectively. VEGF positivity was more frequent in inflammatory cells in NPs (14 of 14) than in CM (three of six) (p<0.05) and in the epithelium in NPs (six of 14) than in CM (two of six) (nonsignificant). Under baseline conditions, the VEGF concentration in HNEC culture medium increased from day 2 to 4, then decreased and became undetectable. VEGF concentrations increased significantly after TGF-beta1 stimulation. In HNEC lysates, VEGF and VEGF mRNA were detected on days 4 and 14 of culture. It was concluded that vascular endothelial growth factor is intensely expressed in situ in nasal polyps, mainly in inflammatory cells but also in epithelial cells. Human nasal epithelial cells are able to secrete in vitro vascular endothelial growth factor. Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulates this secretion. This suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor, inducing oedema and angiogenesis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Magnetic properties and anisotropy constant of goethite single crystals at saturating high fields (2010)

The applied fields in previous studies of goethite's magnetic properties were often not sufficiently high to reach reversible magnetization behaviour of the hard magnetic iron oxide (α-FeOOH). Existing data of its magnetic anisotropy constant are fairly scattered that hampers the further development of more elaborate models of remanence acquisition, magnetic susceptibility behaviour or trends in microcoercivity. Classic rock magnetic properties (magnetization of remanence Mr, saturation magnetization Ms and coercive force Bc) and the first anisotropy constant K on six goethite natural crystals have been determined at room and low temperature using hysteresis up to 9 T. After a detailed analysis of the magnetic properties of the samples, a mean value of K = 90 ± 20 Jm−3 has been evaluated at room temperature and K = 210 ± 40 Jm−3 at 5 K for pure goethite.
Combustion Chamber Deposits from Base Fuel and Commercial IVD Detergent Packages (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We are interested in learning how commercial intake valve detergents contribute to combustion chamber deposits (CCD) in modern vehicles run for higher mileage. It is appealing to use short mileage (&lt;5,000 miles) tests to evaluate the CCD performance of gasoline. However, the ability to extrapolate CCD performance to higher mileage (≥10,000 miles) is uncertain because of changes in CCD formation processes. For this reason, CCD from base fuel and a commercial IVD detergent package were generated in duplicate 10,000 mile tests using four 1996 model-year vehicles. The detergent package used a polyalkylamine detergent combined with a synthetic carrier fluid and achieved 94% intake valve deposit (IVD) reduction averaged across the four vehicles tested. The CCD weights were found to be variable between repeat tests but, when pooled across the four vehicle fleet, the CCD weights were found to be statistically the same for both the additized fuel and the base fuel. The aromatic carbon, hydrogen and organic oxygen levels in the CCD were the same for base and additized fuel when pooled across the 4-car fleet and the chemical analysis results were virtually identical between repeat tests. These results indicate that changes in the CCD formation mechanism are not responsible for CCD weight variability between repeat tests. These results also indicate that little of the hydrocarbon components of the detergent and synthetic carrier fluid are incorporated into the CCD under the conditions of the 10,000 mile test. Higher nitrogen levels are measured in the CCD from additized fuel and the nitrogen-containing head group of the polyalkylamine detergent is the likely source for the higher nitrogen levels. Other engine tests using the same detergent/carrier fluid combination and treat rate (655 wppm) gave comparable IVD reductions and little or no change in CCD weights or chemical compositions relative to base fuel. In contrast, a similar polyalkylamine detergent combined with a mineral oil carrier fluid (1,373 wppm), decreased IVD but increased CCD and altered the deposit's chemical composition relative to base fuel.</div>
Compact Balanced Tries (1992)

this paper could be extended in different ways: a compact representation for multidimensional data and a probabilistic analysis of the NIL-pointers, in both cases of random keys and of alphanumeric keys. References
Capillary Behavior in Porous Solids (1941)

Knowledge of the theory underlying the behavior of mixtures of fluids inreservoir rocks is essential to the proper solution of certain types ofproblems in petroleum production, but is as yet incompletely developed. Theobject of this paper is to show the application of well establishedthermodynamic and physical principles to these problems, and thus to assist inthe development of the basic theory. For convenience the problems to beconsidered here may be divided into two groups:Static problems, involving only the static balance between capillary forcesand those due to the difference in densities of the fluids; i.e., gravitationalforces.Dynamic problems, involving analysis of the motion of mixtures of immisciblefluids in porous media under the influence of forces due to gravity, capillarity, and an impressed external pressure differential. Capillary Equilibrium in Sands Under this heading the static type of problem will be discussed and the resultsof experimental investigations on the capillary properties of unconsolidatedsands will be presented. Although the discussion of this section is, in asense, prefatory to the treatment of problems of mixture flow, the conceptsdeveloped here have considerable intrinsic importance apart from theirapplication to flow problems. For, it is reasonable to postulate that thereservoir fluids are, owing to their long existence in undisturbed mutualcontact prior to exploitation, in substantial equilibrium. It follows thattheir distribution in the reservoir at the time of tapping should be entirelypredictable from the theory of capillary equilibrium, provided certainexperimentally measurable properties of the reservoir rock are known. Knowledgeof the distribution of the several fluids in the reservoir is, of course, helpful in the estimation of reserve, and in other problems. It is to be emphasized that throughout the discussion of capillary statics itis assumed that the fluids are in equilibrium from the capillary standpoint.Thus, water, where it is referred to as being in a reservoir, will beunderstood to be interstitial water, present at the time of drilling thereservoir, commonly termed "connate" water. The theory developed here is perfectly general for any porous solid, whether acarefully prepared unconsolidated sand or a natural sandstone from an oilreservoir. At present, however, only problems involving clean, unconsolidatedsands can be made to yield numerical solutions, since only such sands have beenadequately investigated experimentally. Experimental evaluation of thepertinent properties of natural reservoir rocks will permit the extension ofthe numerical treatment to problems involving these materials. We shall nowconsider in some detail the static equilibrium of fluid mixtures in poroussolids; that is, the manner in which the reservoir fluids are distributedvertically when the forces due to capillarity are just balanced by those due togravitation. T.P. 1223
Quantitative ultramicro-scale immunoenzymic method for measuring Ig antigenic determinants in single cells. (1978)

The Fluoro Ultra Micro Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (FUMELIA) allows one routinely and quantitatively to measure a few thousand antigenic determinants on single cells. Highly purified Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase has been coupled to specific antibodies. By use of the Parafilm microcuvette techniuqe, the activity of the antibody-conjugated beta-galactosidase is assayed with a conventional spectrophotofluorometer. Attempts were undertaken to sensitize FUMELIA even further, so as to be able to detect a very few antigenic sites. It seems that even in its present state of development FUMELIA is more sensitive for the quantitation of cell-associated antigens than are techniques in which radiolabeled reagents are used. The potential of FUMELIA is illustrated by the quantitative measurement of membrane-bound immunoglobulins on single lymphocytes. It could be shown that T-cells as well as C-cells can synthesize Ig antigenic determinants. Thus it seems likely that T-cell receptors will, after all, be found to be immunoglobulins.
Effect of hydroxyurea on the rheological properties of sickle erythrocytes in vivo (1989)

We have monitored the rheological effects of hydroxyurea (HU) on erythrocytes obtained from two patients with severe sickle cell anemia who were enrolled in a therapeutic trial of this drug. Erythrocyte membrane stability and whole cell and membrane deformability of red cells from treated and untreated patients and normal controls were determined in room air using an ektacytometer--a laser viscodiffractometer. The percentage of dense cells was quantitated by centrifugation on a discontinuous Stractan density gradient. F reticulocytes (FR), absolute F reticulocytes (AFR), and F cells (FC) were determined by single-cell radial immunolgic assays. After 1 year of treatment with HU, there was a significant increase in the level of hemoglobin (Hb) F, FR, AFR, and FC. The degree of anemia remained the same, but there was significant increase in the mean cell volume (MCV) and a significant decrease in the mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC). Whole cell deformability improved by twofold, but membrane stability remained within normal limits. The hydration status of sickle erythrocytes improved as was indicated by a change toward normal in gradient osmotic ektacytometry, an increase in RBC K+ content, a decrease in percent of dense cells, and a decrease in the MCHC. The data indicate that, in addition to its effect on the production of Hb, F, HU has a salutary effect on whole cell deformability and on the hydration status of sickle erythrocytes. Determination of the rheological properties of erythrocytes may be of value in monitoring the response to HU.
Reactions of Atoms and Free Radicals in Solution. II. The Non-Isomerization of Free Alkyl Radicals in Solution (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Atoms and Free Radicals in Solution. II. The Non-Isomerization of Free Alkyl Radicals in SolutionM. S. Kharasch, Stephen S. Kane, and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 2, 526–528Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01847a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01847a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polo kinase: the choreographer of the mitotic stage? (1996)

The regulation of protein function through phosphorylation is fundamental in controlling cell cycle progression. To date, most attention has focused on the cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) 1 (for review see reference 21). However, whereas the p34^(cdc)-cyclin B complex appears to regulate the mitotic "state" and in this way changes the overall organization of the cell, members of another conserved serine/threonine kinase family appears to be able to control the dynamics of cellular architecture. These are the polo-like kinases (plks) which orchestrate several mitotic events including the formation of the bipolar spindle, and at least in some organisms, the process of cytokinesis. It appears that in some of its roles the plk cooperates with p34^(cdc2) and indeed recent work (15) has suggested that one plk can help maintain the mitotic state by phosphorylating the cdc25 phosphatase that activates p34^(cdc2).
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with Ex Vivo RNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells—An Update (2020)

Over the last two decades, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been studied extensively as active immunotherapy in cancer treatment and has been proven safe in all clinical trials both with respect to short and long-term side effects. For antigen-loading of dendritic cells (DCs) one method is to introduce mRNA coding for the desired antigens. To target the whole antigenic repertoire of a tumor, even the total tumor mRNA of a macrodissected biopsy sample can be used. To date, reports have been published on a total of 781 patients suffering from different tumor entities and HIV-infection, who have been treated with DCs loaded with mRNA. The majority of those were melanoma patients, followed by HIV-infected patients, but leukemias, brain tumors, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinomas, pancreatic cancers and several others have also been treated. Next to antigen-loading, mRNA-electroporation allows a purposeful manipulation of the DCs' phenotype and function to enhance their immunogenicity. In this review, we intend to give a comprehensive summary of what has been published regarding clinical testing of ex vivo generated mRNA-transfected DCs, with respect to safety and risk/benefit evaluations, choice of tumor antigens and RNA-source, and the design of better DCs for vaccination by transfection of mRNA-encoded functional proteins.
An efficient way to find the side effects of procedure calls and the aliases of variables (1979)

Article Free Access Share on An efficient way to find the side effects of procedure calls and the aliases of variables Author: John P. Banning Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California and Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale, California Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California and Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims POPL '79: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languagesJanuary 1979 Pages 29–41https://doi.org/10.1145/567752.567756Online:01 January 1979Publication History 161citation871DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations161Total Downloads871Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Characterization and monitoring of tool wear in ultrasonic metal welding (2014)

This paper presents some preliminary results in characterizing, understanding and monitoring tool wear in micro ultrasonic metal welding, which has recently been adopted for lithium-ion battery manufacturing. As a result of a lack of effective tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems, tool replacement, including horn and anvil, constitutes a major part of the production costs. But it is very challenging to accurately identify tool conditions and develop TCM systems due to the complexity of the process mechanism and tool geometry. This study characterizes the tool wear through measuring and comparing four anvils at different wear stages with a high-resolution metrology system. In addition, tool wear formation is investigated by using high-speed imaging to analyze the relative vibration of the metal sheets and tools during welding. Finally the relationship between tool condition and online monitoring signals is established using statistical models and an online model updating scheme is proposed under the Bayesian framework.
2-step multiplexing channel interleaver for W-CDMA mobile radio (2002)

The 3/sup rd/-generation mobile radio system will require high-quality data transmission and multimedia services. Channel coding and interleaving techniques are very important in achieving high-quality data transmission and multiplexing techniques are also important in realizing multimedia services. On the other hand, wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) is a promising radio access standard for the 3/sup rd/-generation mobile radio system. This paper proposes a new multiplexing channel interleaver structure that satisfies the above requirements for W-CDMA mobile radio systems and evaluates the performance of the proposed scheme by computer simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can provide sufficient interleaving gain while achieving a very efficient coding/multiplexing scheme while keeping the increase in hardware complexity to a minimum.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: diagnosis and management. (2001)

Increased awareness that changes in sleeping habits and daytime behaviour may be attributable to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has led many patients to seek both information and definitive treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide information to dentists that will enable them to identify patients who may have OSAS and to assist these patients in making informed decisions regarding treatment options. In patients who have identifiable anatomic abnormalities of the maxilla and mandible resulting in a narrow pharyngeal airway, orthognathic surgery appears to be an excellent treatment option.
Effect of Prophage W on the Propagation of Bacteriophages T2 and T4 (1968)

Studies have been undertaken to determine whether the temperate phage omega present in Escherichia coli strain W is responsible for the inability of this strain to act as a host for T2 and T4. E. coli WS, cured of phage omega, was sensitive to T2 and T4. Lysogenation of E. coli C and WS with phage omega resulted in loss of ability to plate T2 and T4. However, E. coli K-12 lysogens still served as hosts for the T -even phage. Two of three WS lysogens studied resembled strain W at the biochemical level. They converted about 30% of infecting T2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to acid-soluble fragments and limited macromolecular synthesis to a few minutes after infection. The third lysogen did not degrade phage DNA, and nucleic acid and protein synthesis continued for some time, although no phage production occurred. It is concluded that phage omega plays a role in the restriction of virulent phage but that it is not the only factor involved. Since acid solubilization was not observed in all cases of phage omega-mediated restriction of T -even phage, a hypothesis for the restriction has been proposed which is based on an alteration in the cell envelope after lysogenation with phage omega.
Risk Factors and Post-Resection Independent Predictive Score for the Recurrence of Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2016)

Several tumor, virological and biochemical factors were associated with a higher cumulative risk of HCC recurrence after resection. PRIPS was derived for more accurate risk assessment. Regardless of the HBV DNA level, antiviral treatment should be given to patients before resection to reduce the risk of recurrence.