gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of two types of bone-tendon-bone graft for ACL reconstruction (1995)

We measured the initial fixation strength of a new graft, bone-hamstring-bone (BHB), for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 79 porcine knees and compared it with that of the normal porcine ACL and of the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPB) graft. All specimens were subjected to ultimate load to failure and cyclic loading tests to assess the amount of graft slippage. The ultimate load to failure for the intact ACL was 1266 +/- 250 N, for the BPB graft 663 +/- 192 N and for the BHB graft 354 +/- 92 N (p < 0.01). After cycling to 235 N (the maximum load for all groups without failure) the average residual displacements after removal of the load for the ACL, BPB and BHB grafts were 0.031 +/- 0.013 cm, 0.078 +/- 0.033 cm, and 0.322 +/- 0.222 cm, respectively (p < 0.01). For the BHB graft the load to failure was less and the amount of graft slippage was more than for the BPB graft. Neither form of reconstruction was as strong as the intact ACL.
Automatic Segmentation of Pulmonary Nodules in CT Images (2007)

The accurate segmentation of pulmonary nodules lays the foundation for distinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary nodules. In this paper, a robust and automatic algorithm is proposed to segment lung nodules slice-by-slice in three dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) images. A nonparametric estimation method called Mean-Shift (MS) algorithm was applied to segmenting lung nodules. It is critical to set the proper bandwidth parameter in Mean-Shift algorithm. In this paper, a new bandwidth chosen method was presented. Imposing region-growing method and bandwidth selection theorem on extracting the initial smoothing bandwidth and multi-scale analyses and K-L divergence rule were used to determine the most proper bandwidth. And also, clustered using Mean-Shift in the nodule ROI defined by detection method was involved to get the accurate boundary. Moreover, this method was applied to clinical chest CT volumes containing 36 nodules (95 slices) and the proposed method segmented all of the nodules with only three false slices. Therefore, the approach presented can be consistently and robustly used to segment Ground Glass Opacity nodules, the nodules attached to lung walls and vessels and anisotropic nodules. The proposed method provides a powerful tool for automatic and accurate segmentation of nodules.
Synthesis and properties of biomimetic poly(<scp>L</scp>‐glutamate)‐<i>b</i>‐poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyllactoside)‐<i>b</i>‐poly(<scp>L</scp>‐glutamate) triblock copolymers (2004)

Abstract A novel class of biomimetic glycopolymer–polypeptide triblock copolymers [poly( L ‐glutamate)–poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyllactoside)–poly( L ‐glutamate)] was synthesized by the sequential atom transfer radical polymerization of a protected lactose‐based glycomonomer and the ring‐opening polymerization of β‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate N ‐carboxyanhydride. Gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses demonstrated that triblock copolymers with defined architectures, controlled molecular weights, and low polydispersities were successfully obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the triblock copolymers revealed that the α‐helix/β‐sheet ratio increased with the poly(benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate) block length. Furthermore, the water‐soluble triblock copolymers self‐assembled into lactose‐installed polymeric aggregates; this was investigated with the hydrophobic dye solubilization method and ultraviolet–visible analysis. Notably, this kind of aggregate may be useful as an artificial polyvalent ligand in the investigation of carbohydrate–protein recognition and for the design of site‐specific drug‐delivery systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5754–5765, 2004
Two Naturally Occurring Terpenes, Dehydrocostuslactone and Costunolide, Decrease Intracellular GSH Content and Inhibit STAT3 Activation (2011)

The main purpose of the present study is to envisage the molecular mechanism of inhibitory action of dehydrocostuslactone (DCE) and costunolide (CS), two naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones, towards the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We report that, in human THP-1 cell line, they inhibit IL-6-elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and its DNA binding activity with EC(50) of 10 µM with concomitant down-regulation of the phosphorylation of the tyrosine Janus kinases JAK1, JAK2 and Tyk2. Furthermore, these compounds that contain an α-β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and function as potent Michael reaction acceptor, induce a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration by direct interaction with it, thereby triggering S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Dehydrocostunolide (HCS), the reduced form of CS lacking only the α-β-unsaturated carbonyl group, fails to exert any inhibitory action. Finally, the glutathione ethylene ester (GEE), the cell permeable GSH form, reverts the inhibitory action of DCE and CS on STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. We conclude that these two sesquiterpene lactones are able to induce redox-dependent post-translational modification of cysteine residues of STAT3 protein in order to regulate its function.
Contraction stimulates translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin. (1995)

The acute effects of contraction and insulin on the glucose transport and GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation were investigated in rat soleus muscles by using a 3-O-methylglucose transport assay and the sensitive exofacial labeling technique with the impermeant photoaffinity reagent 2-N-4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis(D-mannose-4-y loxy)-2- propylamine (ATB-BMPA), respectively. Addition of wortmannin, which inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport (8.8 +/- 0.5 mumol per ml per h vs. 1.4 +/- 0.1 mumol per ml per h) and GLUT4 translocation [2.79 +/- 0.20 pmol/g (wet muscle weight) vs. 0.49 +/- 0.05 pmol/g (wet muscle weight)]. In contrast, even at a high concentration (1 microM), wortmannin had no effect on contraction-mediated glucose uptake (4.4 +/- 0.1 mumol per ml per h vs. 4.1 +/- 0.2 mumol per ml per h) and GLUT4 cell surface content [1.75 +/- 0.16 pmol/g (wet muscle weight) vs. 1.52 +/- 0.16 pmol/g (wet muscle weight)]. Contraction-mediated translocation of the GLUT4 transporters to the cell surface was closely correlated with the glucose transport activity and could account fully for the increment in glucose uptake after contraction. The combined effects of contraction and maximal insulin stimulation were greater than either stimulation alone on glucose transport activity (11.5 +/- 0.4 mumol per ml per h vs. 5.6 +/- 0.2 mumol per ml per h and 9.0 +/- 0.2 mumol per ml per h) and on GLUT4 translocation [4.10 +/- 0.20 pmol/g (wet muscle weight) vs. 1.75 +/- 0.25 pmol/g (wet muscle weight) and 3.15 +/- 0.18 pmol/g (wet muscle weight)]. The results provide evidence that contraction stimulates translocation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin.
Total Prion Protein Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid are Reduced in Patients with Various Neurological Disorders (2009)

We performed a study on levels of the total prion protein (PrP) in humans affected by different neurological diseases and assessed the influence of several factors such as age, gender, and disease severity on the cerebrospinal fluid PrP levels. PrP-ELISA technique was used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. 293 CSF samples of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease (CJD), Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy-bodies, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, generalized epileptic seizures, and meningitis and encephalitis in comparison to controls were analyzed. We found a significant reduction of CSF PrP levels in patients suffering from all neurodegenerative disorders analyzed. This group exhibited mean PrP values of 164 ng/ml while non-neurodegenerative disorder patients and healthy controls showed PrP levels of 208 ng/ml and 226 ng/ml, respectively. CSF levels correlated with disease severity in CJD, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia with Lewy-bodies. The finding of decreased PrP levels in the CSF of patients not only with CJD but also in other neurodegenerative disorders is intriguing. Age-, gender-, and genetic-specific factors might be involved in the PrP c regulation.
Undersampled phase shift ON-OFF keying for camera communication (2014)

In this paper, an optical camera communication system utilizing the under-sampled phase shift ON-OFF keying modulation is proposed to support non-flickering visible light communication. This system sends three types of light symbols through light emitting diode (LED) lamps, which are recorded by a camera. By employing a dual LED lamp with a designated mapping and framing method, the data rate can reach up to 3 times of the camera's frame rate. The experiment results show that the proposed camera communication system can achieve 150 bps error-free communications for a range up to 12 m.
TRIODE RF GUN FOR LINEAR ELECTRON ACCELERATORS (2004)

The paper describes a triode RF gun for electron internal injection into the accelerating cavity. An additional RF voltage is applied to the grid-cathode unit to optimize the bunch phase characteristics. The experimental results of the gun operation to a singlecavity pulsed accelerator ILU-10 with the energy of 5 MeV and average power of 50 kW at the frequency of 116.3 MHz are presented.
Recent Advances in Siloxane‐Based Aryl—Aryl Coupling Reactions: Focus on Heteroaromatic Systems (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Maize chloroplast DNA fragment encoding the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (1977)

In vitro linked transcription-translation of chloroplast DNA has been used to show that the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] is encoded by Zea mays chloroplast DNA. A BamHI-generated chloroplast DNA sequence cloned in Escherichia coli is shown to direct the in vitro synthesis of this protein identified as large subunit by its size, serological properties, and limited proteolytic digestion products.
Molar Absorption Coefficients for Bilirubins in Adult and Infant Serum with Determination of an Isosbestic Point (1972)

The molar absorption coefficient curve (ϵ-curve) for bilirubin in human sera is determined in a tetraborate buffer at pH=9.3 in the wavelength interval 430 to 600 nm by enrichment of adult and infant human sera with bilirubin in a solution of potassium cyanide in formamide (15). The curve in adults does not differ significantly (P> 0.1) from that obtained with sodium hydroxide as the main primary solvent for bilirubin; adult and infant sera (from the umbilical cord) give different ϵ-values (P< 0.01). The ϵ-curve for conjugated bilirubin is obtained by subtracting the absorbance of hemoglobin and turbidity from native sera with a high concentration of conjugated bilirubin. The coordinates for an isosbestic point is given (470 nm, ϵ=47.7 × 102m2mol−1). The ϵ-curve of oxyhemoglobin and the rules for turbidity as used in the calculations for conjugated bilirubin are given.
New approaches to treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. (1994)

Despite rapid progress in knowledge of the biology of hepatitis viruses, the ability to treat chronic infection is limited. In fact, interferon-alpha 2b is the only FDA-approved therapy for chronic HBV and chronic HCV. The authors report on the interferons and evolving therapies for chronic viral hepatitis and conclude with a discussion of liver transplantation.
Path-quality monitoring in the presence of adversaries (2008)

Edge networks connected to the Internet need effective monitoring techniques to drive routing decisions and detect violations of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However, existing measurement tools, like ping, traceroute, and trajectory sampling, are vulnerable to attacks that can make a path look better than it really is. In this paper, we design and analyze path-quality monitoring protocols that reliably raise an alarm when the packet-loss rate and delay exceed a threshold, even when an adversary tries to bias monitoring results by selectively delaying, dropping, modifying, injecting, or preferentially treating packets.
Towards automatic skill evaluation: Detection and segmentation of robot-assisted surgical motions (2006)

This paper reports our progress in developing techniques for "parsing" raw motion data from a simple surgical task into a labeled sequence of surgical gestures. The ability to automatically detect and segment surgical motion can be useful in evaluating surgical skill, providing surgical training feedback, or documenting essential aspects of a procedure. If processed online, the information can be used to provide context-specific information or motion enhancements to the surgeon. However, in every case, the key step is to relate recorded motion data to a model of the procedure being performed. Robotic surgical systems such as the da Vinci system from Intuitive Surgical provide a rich source of motion and video data from surgical procedures. The application programming interface (API) of the da Vinci outputs 192 kinematics values at 10 Hz. Through a series of feature-processing steps, tailored to this task, the highly redundant features are projected to a compact and discriminative space. The resulting classifier is simple and effective.Cross-validation experiments show that the proposed approach can achieve accuracies higher than 90% when segmenting gestures in a 4-throw suturing task, for both expert and intermediate surgeons. These preliminary results suggest that gesture-specific features can be extracted to provide highly accurate surgical skill evaluation.
DeviceVeil: Robust Authentication for Individual USB Devices Using Physical Unclonable Functions (2019)

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) supports a diverse and wide-ranging set of device types. To enable ease of use, USB devices are automatically detected and classified by common operating systems, without any authentication. This trust-by-default design principle can be easily exploited, and led to numerous attacks in the past (e.g., Stuxnet, BadUSB, BadAndroid), specifically targeting high-value organizations. Administrators' efforts to prevent these attacks may also be threatened by unscrupulous users who may insert any USB device, or malicious users (inside attackers) who may try to circumvent OS/kernel-enforced protection mechanisms (e.g., via OS replacement). The root causes of USB attacks appear to be the lack of robust authentication of individual USB devices and inadequate tamper-proofing of the solution mechanism itself. We propose DeviceVeil to address these limitations. To authenticate individual USB devices, we utilize the tamper-proof feature of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs); PUFs extract unique features from physical characteristics of an integrated circuit (IC) at a reasonable cost (less than 1 USD). To make our authentication mechanism robust, we implement it as a small hypervisor, and protect it by a novel combination of security technologies available in commodity PCs, e.g., Trusted Platform Module (TPM), customized secure boot, and virtualization support. The OS disk image with all user data is encrypted by a key sealed in TPM and can be decrypted by the hypervisor only. Customized secure boot allows the loading of the legitimate hypervisor and OS kernel only. The hypervisor enables pre-OS authentication to protect the trust-by-default OS from USB attacks. The chain of trust continues from power-on to the insertion of a USB device and disallows all illegitimate USB devices. DeviceVeil's PUF authentication takes about 1.7 seconds during device insertion.
B7-1 or B7-2 Is Required to Produce the Lymphoproliferative Phenotype in Mice Lacking Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (1999)

The costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 regulate T lymphocyte activation by delivering activating signals through CD28 and inhibitory signals through cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). The importance of CTLA-4-mediated inhibition was demonstrated by the uncontrolled T cell activation and lymphoproliferative disease that develops in CTLA-4-deficient (-/-) mice. To examine the role of B7 signaling in the activation of CTLA-4-deficient T cells, we bred CTLA-4(-/-) mice with mice lacking B7-1, B7-2, or both B7 molecules. The CTLA-4/B7-1(-/-) and the CTLA-4/B7-2(-/-) mice develop lymphoproliferation and enhanced T cell activation. Mice lacking CTLA-4, B7-1, and B7-2 have a normal life-span, and do not have lymphocytic infiltrates in any organs, or increased T cell activation. Therefore, the two B7 molecules have overlapping functions, since either B7-1 or B7-2 alone can cause the CTLA-4(-/-) phenotype. Elimination of both B7-1 and B7-2 from the CTLA-4- deficient mouse abrogates the lymphocyte activation and disease, and does not reveal evidence for additional stimulatory CD28 ligands. The CTLA-4(-/-) phenotype can be reproduced with anti-CD28 antibody in mice lacking CTLA-4, B7-1, and B7-2, but wild-type mice are unaffected by the same treatment. This suggests that the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 can overcome strong CD28-mediated signaling in vivo.
Modification of plant hormone levels and signaling as a tool in plant biotechnology (2009)

Plant hormones are signal molecules, present in trace quantities, that act as major regulators of plant growth and development. They are involved in a wide range of processes such as elongation, flowering, root formation and vascular differentiation. For many years, agriculturists have applied hormones to their crops to either increase the yield, or improve the quality of the commercial product. Nowadays, the knowledge of hormone biosynthesis, degradation and signaling pathways has allowed the utilization of biotechnological tools to further improve the main agricultural crops. Natural or artificial mutants, with impaired functioning of the corresponding genes, have been adopted because of their superior phenotype in specific agricultural traits. In addition, transgenic plants have been generated to regulate internal hormone levels, or their signaling pathways, resulting in some crops that have revolutionized agriculture.
Analysis of built-in speaker induced structural-acoustic vibration of Hard Disk Drives in notebook PC (2009)

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is expected to remain a good choice in many consumer electronics and portable devices due to its various advantages. Built-in devices, such as speakers, in notebook PC are one of the major vibration sources causing performance problems of HDD. The effects of air borne and structural borne oscillating forces, generating from speakers, acting on HDD are investigated by experiments and simulation. The effects of stiffness and damping ratio of HDD supporters in notebook PC are analyzed by verified FEM models.
The 60 HZ Performance of Superconducting Power Transmission Cables Rated for 333 MVA Per Phase (1984)

For the past year two 115 meter-long superconducting power transmission cables have been tested at Brookhaven. These cables are the culmination of about a decade of development and are the largest application of superconductivity to power engineering up to the present. Performance data for 60 Hz excitation up to 6000 A and 110 kV are given.
Estimates of multicarrier CDMA system capacity (1998)

As CDMA systems reach capacity, infrastructure providers are extending them by offering multicarrier capability. The capacity of an n-carrier CDMA system should be at least n times the capacity of a single-carrier system. We estimate the additional capacity that can be achieved by using carrier assignment disciplines. We produce the estimates from the CDMA System Static Simulator by preprocessing the simulator inputs and post-processing its outputs. The estimates are of capacities of multicarrier systems using simple carrier assignment disciplines, and of wideband CDMA systems. The latter estimates constitute an upper bound on the capacity of a multicarrier system with any carrier assignment discipline.
Transparency and Industry Stigmatization in Strategic CSR Communication (2018)

Researchers have become increasingly interested in the strategic value of transparency in corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication in recent years. However, transparency research in CSR communication is still scarce. In particular, little research has examined whether the effects of transparency may depend on contextual factors, such as whether an organization is associated with a stigmatized industry. Grounded on legitimacy theory, this experiment examined the effect of CSR messages on supportive communication intent, purchase intent, and skepticism. Results reveal a main effect of transparency on purchase intent and a main effect of stigmatization on skepticism. Most importantly, there was an interaction, such that a higher level of transparency reduced skepticism when a more stigmatized industry was involved. The results contribute to further contextualizing transparency and CSR research.
Types of Farming (1972)

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of three maps showing types of farming by dominant products within census divisions for 1961. The main map is accompanied by two smaller maps showing Ontario and Quebec as well as the Maritimes at a larger scale and in greater detail.
Stripline Bandpass Filter with Variable Physical Dimensions (1978)

A theory for the design of coupled-line bandpass filters has been derived. The filter comprises cascaded sections of two-port stepped coupled-line sections of length λ/4 and with individual wave impedance parameters within each λ/8 section. The design includes the possibility of altering the band-pass center frequency for a given length of the resonators. Narrow-band maximally flat or equal-ripple filter can be designed. The flexibility in filter length can be exploited for reducing space at low frequencies or for increasing the transmission line length-width ratio at high frequencies where the effect of end capacitance can be troublesome.
High-speed optical modulator for application in instrumentation (1990)

The design and characterization of the first integrated optic modulator for a commercial instrument application are described. Alternative forms of modulation, including direct laser current modulation and optical heterodyne techniques, are reviewed for the application, which requires modulation to 20 GHz. The advantages of an integrated optic modulator fabricated using titanium in-diffused lithium niobate are discussed. Performance tradeoffs between x-cut and z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ including bandwidth, modulation efficiency, bias point stability, and acoustic resonances are detailed. The x-cut device is found to give the best overall performance for this instrument application. Device reliability and testing, including temperature cycling, humidity, electrostatic discharge, mechanical shock, and vibration are described for complete packaged and pigtailed devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>