gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some reflections and hypotheses on the pathophysiology of female urinary incontinence. (1997)

It is proposed that opening and closure of the proximal urethra and bladder neck are regulated by a battery of surrounding structures, the most important being the pubourethral-vesical ligaments, the suburethral vaginal wall, 'the hammock', the pubococcygeus muscles, the levator plate and the connective tissue which like glue connects these structures to each other. Inappropriate function in one of these structures can, to some extent, be compensated for by an improved function in another hereby maintaining continence. However, a significantly deteriorated function in the support of urethra--normally maintained by the pubourethral/pubovesical ligaments, the pubococcygeus muscles and suburethral vaginal wall--will result in pronounced stress incontinence. Severe defects in these structures can generally not be compensated for by exercises of the pelvic muscles. This is true, in particular, if there is also a defect function in the connective tissue which 'glues' the urogenital structures to each other. Under such circumstances surgical procedures have to be considered to alleviate the patients symptoms. What is said so far must not exclude the importance of recognizing the role of the internal urethral structures to maintain continence, in particular the quality of urethral muscles, connective tissue and vascularization. In some specific cases of mixed incontinence it can be speculated whether the urge symptom can be caused by an anatomical dysfunction causing the proximal urethra and the bladder neck to remain involuntarily open or to open promptly at even minor pressure provocations. If so distension of the bladder neck and proximal urethra may activate stretch receptors located here which will induce uninhibited detrusor contractions. The presence of estrogen receptors in many of the structures involved in preserving continence may explain the increased prevalence of dysfunctions in the urogenital tract in postmenopausal patients, in particular in those not on hormone replacement therapy.
Expression of the B7‐related molecule ICOSL by human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo (2003)

Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor known for its capability of interfering with effective antitumor immune responses. Costimulatory signals are of critical relevance in both the inductive and effector phases of immune responses. Inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOSL), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules related to CD80/CD86, regulates CD4 as well as CD8 T-cell responses via interaction with its receptor, ICOS, on activated T cells. We report the expression of ICOSL by glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), ICOSL protein and mRNA was expressed in 7 of 12 glioma cell lines. ICOSL expression is upregulated by the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has no such effect. Further, immunohistochemical analysis of human brain tumors demonstrates the expression of ICOSL in three of four tissue samples. ICOSL expression is functional in that a neutralizing ICOSL antibody (HIL-131) reduces Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels in cocultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes or T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) with glioma cells. However, ICOSL gene transfer into glioma cells does not alter their immunogenicity under primary or secondary alloreactive coculture assays.
Administration of Riboflavin Improves Behavioral Outcome and Reduces Edema Formation and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury (2005)

Previous studies have shown that administration of riboflavin, vitamin B2, significantly reduced edema formation following experimental stroke. The present study evaluated the ability of B2 to improve behavioral function, reduce edema formation, and limit glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression following frontal cortex contusion injury. Groups of rats were assigned to B2 (7.5 mg/kg) or saline (1.0 ml/kg) treatment conditions and received contusion injuries or sham procedures. Drug treatment was administered 15 min and 24 h following injury. Rats were examined on a variety of tests to measure sensorimotor performance (bilateral tactile removal test), and cognitive ability (acquisition of reference and working memory) in the Morris water maze. Administration of B2 following injury significantly reduced the behavioral impairments observed on the bilateral tactile removal test and improved the acquisition of both reference and working memory tests compared to saline-treated rats. The lesion analysis showed that B2 reduced the size of the lesion. Examination of GFAP expression around the lesion revealed that B2 significantly reduced the number of GFAP+ astrocytes. Edema formation following injury was also significantly reduced by B2 administration. These findings are the first to show that B2 administration significantly improved behavioral outcome and reduced lesion volume, edema formation, and the expression of GFAP following traumatic brain injury. These findings suggest that B2 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of TBI.
Use of 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation for decontamination of platelet concentrates (1989)

Transmission of viral diseases through blood products remains an unsolved problem in transfusion medicine. We have developed a psoralen photochemical system for decontamination of platelet concentrates in which platelets are treated with long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA, 320-400 nm) in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Bacteria, RNA viruses, and DNA viruses ranging in genome size from 1.2 x 10(6) daltons, encompassing the size range of human pathogens, were inoculated into platelet concentrates and subjected to treatment. This system inactivated 25 to 30 logs/h of bacteria Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, 6 logs/h of bacteriophage fd, 0.9 log/h of bacteriophage R17 and 1.1 logs/h of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in platelet concentrates maintained in standard storage bags. Platelet integrity and in vitro function before, immediately following photochemical treatment, and during prolonged storage after treatment, were evaluated by measuring: (1) extracellular pH; (2) platelet yields; (3) extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels; (4) platelet morphology; (5) platelet aggregation responsiveness; (6) thromboxane beta-2 (TXB-2) production; (7) dense body secretion; and (8) alpha granule secretion. These assays demonstrated that this photochemical inactivation system inactivated bacteria and viruses in platelet concentrates with minimal adverse effects on the in vitro function of platelets in comparison to untreated control concentrates maintained under current, standard blood bank conditions.
<i>OsPTF1</i>, a Novel Transcription Factor Involved in Tolerance to Phosphate Starvation in Rice (2005)

We report here on a novel transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain for tolerance to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation in rice (Oryza sativa). The gene is designated OsPTF1. The expression of OsPTF1 is Pi starvation induced in roots while constitutively expressed in shoots, as shown by northern-blot analysis. Overexpression of OsPTF1 enhanced tolerance to Pi starvation in transgenic rice. Tillering ability, root and shoot biomass, and phosphorus content of transgenic rice plants were about 30% higher than those of the wild-type plants in Pi-deficient conditions in hydroponic experiments. In soil pot and field experiments, more than 20% increase in tiller number, panicle weight, and phosphorus content was observed in transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants at low-Pi levels. In Pi-deficient conditions, transgenic rice plants showed significantly higher total root length and root surface area, which results in a higher instantaneous Pi uptake rate over their wild-type counterparts. Microarray analysis for transgenic plants overexpressing OsPTF1 has been performed to investigate the downstream regulation of OsPTF1.
Development of A Nonlinear Macromodel for Operational Amplifier (1982)

Computer-Aided Analysis of circuits require device models. Integrated circuits (ICs) are better analysed using their macromodels. Of the different ICs, operational amplifiers are frequently used in a variety of linear and nonlinear applications. A nonlinear macromodel for Op. Amp type μA741 is proposed in this paper. Developed model parameters are validated with the data sheet values and found satisfactory. A few applications of the use of the model are given. Macromodel results are compared with the experimental values in each case. Developed nonlinear model uses simple linear components and does not require additional software for large-signal analysis. It is developed for use with ECAP package but can be used with any other circuit analysis program as well.
Numerical methods for large eigenvalue problems (2002)

Over the past decade considerable progress has been made towards the numerical solution of large-scale eigenvalue problems, particularly for nonsymmetric matrices. Krylov methods and variants of subspace iteration have been improved to the point that problems of the order of several million variables can be solved. The methods and software that have led to these advances are surveyed.
Single-Step Scalable-Throughput Molecular Screening for Huntington Disease (2008)

This simple and scalable homogeneous assay may serve as a convenient, rapid, and accurate screen to detect the presence of pathologic expanded HD alleles in symptomatic patients.
Efficient direction and polarization estimation with a COLD array (1996)

This paper considers angle and polarization estimation by means of a cocentered orthogonal loop and dipole (COLD) array. We show that by using the COLD array, the performance of both angle and polarization estimation can be greatly improved, as compared to using a crossed dipole array. We present an asymptotically statistically efficient method of direction estimation (MODE) algorithm that can be used with the COLD array for both angle and polarization estimation of correlated (including coherent) or uncorrelated incident signals. Numerical examples are given to show the better estimation performance of the MODE algorithm than that of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and the noise subspace-fitting (NSF) algorithms.
Robust speech recognition with multi-channel codebook dependent cepstral normalization (MCDCN) (2005)

We address the issue of speech recognition in the presence of interfering signals, in cases where the signals corrupting the speech are recorded in separate channels. We propose to combine a trivial form of filtering with MCDCN, a multi-channel version of codebook dependent cepstral normalization, where the cepstra of the noise are estimated from the reference signals. We report on recognition experiments in a car where the speech signal is corrupted by radio talks or CD music played by the car speakers. Our approach allows relative word error rate reductions in the range of 70-90% compared to a no-compensation baseline, at a relatively low computational cost.
‘Covington' Sweetpotato Tolerance to Flumioxazin Applied POST-Directed (2014)

Field studies were conducted at Clinton, NC (2009, 2010), and Kinston, NC (2010), to determine ‘Covington' sweetpotato tolerance to flumioxazin applied after transplanting. Flumioxazin was directed to 25% of the sweetpotato vine beginning at the distal end (shoot tip), 25% of the vine beginning at the proximal end (crown), or to the entire vine (over-the-top) and was applied at 2 or 5 wk after transplanting (WAP). Applications made at 2 WAP resulted in 10 to 16% foliar necrosis at 3 WAP. Necrosis was transient and ≤ 2% by 6 WAP. Stunting injury at 6 WAP for flumioxazin applied at 2 WAP was greatest (12%) with the over-the-top application, followed by crown (5%), and shoot tip (1%) applications. Applications made at 5 WAP resulted in 35, 23, and 15% foliar necrosis at 6 WAP for over-the-top, crown, and shoot tip applications, respectively. By 12 WAP, stunting injury for all treatments was ≤ 3%. No. 1, jumbo, canner, and total marketable sweetpotato yield of the nontreated check was 36,670; 7,610; 7,170; and 51,450 kg ha −1 , respectively. No. 1 and total marketable sweetpotato yields were reduced when flumioxazin was applied at 2 or 5 WAP. No. 1 sweetpotato yield was reduced when flumioxazin was applied to the crown or over-the-top (27,240 and 28,330 kg ha −1 , respectively). Sweetpotato receiving flumioxazin applied to the shoot tip had similar no. 1 (31,770 kg ha −1 ) yields as the nontreated check, crown, and over-the-top applications. Total marketable sweetpotato yield was reduced by flumioxazin application to shoot tip, crown, and over-the-top (45,350; 40,100; 40,370 kg ha −1 , respectively). Neither flumioxazin application timing nor placement influenced either jumbo- or canner-grade sweetpotato yields. Currently, after-transplant applications of flumioxazin do not appear to be a suitable fit for POST weed control in North Carolina sweetpotato production systems.
A review on methods of preventing super cooling in phase change materials (PCMs) (2021)

A phase change material (PCM) is a substance which releases/absorbs sufficient latent heat of fusion at phase transition to provide useful heating/cooling. Hence, they act as excellent energy storage devices. In most of the PCMs, the phase transition happens at the solid-liquid interface. Hence, the phase transition temperature will be the melting point of the PCM. For a PCM to work efficiently, the difference between the melting temperature and solidification temperature should be as low as possible. However, in most of the PCMs, it is observed that solidification starts at a temperature much below the melting point. This phenomenon, known as sub-cooling, leads to significant loss in the storage/retrieval of latent energy which is undesirable. This paper reviews the various methods that has been investigated to overcome the problems associated with sub-cooling. The various methods discussed include – addition of appropriate nucleating agents of similar crystal structure as that of the PCM, cold finger technique and application of surface roughness on the walls containing the PCM, ultrasonic irradiation, application of dynamic pressure, cavitation and electrical means. Experiments conducted by researchers and their corresponding results have been discussed.This article is being retracted because it contains substantial overlap with a manuscript entitled “Nucleation triggering methods in supercooled phase change materials (PCM), a review”, published by Thermochimica Acta. AIP Publishing has a strong commitment to preserving the integrity of the scientific record, and given the extent of the overlap and the failure to properly credit the original source, this article has been retracted on August 16, 2021.
Evaluation of damage induced by electron beam irradiation to MOS gate pattern and method for damage-free inspection (2006)

We analyzed the electron-irradiation damage induced in wafers by SEM inspection, which uses SEM images of voltage contrast formed by the charges on the pattern due to the electron irradiation. MOS capacitors were selected as samples because of their characteristic sensitivity. We studied the effects of electron-beam energy and charging on a MOS-capacitor test element group. To determine flat-band voltage, density of created traps, and oxide fixed charges in the MOS capacitors before and after the irradiations of the capacitors by electron beams under various conditions, we measured high-frequency and quasi-static capacitance-voltage characteristics. We found that the higher-energy electron beam, whose electron range was larger than the thickness of the gate electrode, created traps at the interface between the silicon substrate and the gate dielectric. The flat-band voltage of the MOS capacitor was shifted by the created traps. Although these traps were created by the transmission of the electron beam into the dielectric, they were not created only by charging on the gate electrode; neither was an oxide fixed charge created in the MOS capacitor. Accordingly, for damage-free inspection of MOS devices, the electron-beam energy should be low enough that the electron range is smaller than the thickness of the gate electrode. On the other hand, the flat-band voltage did not shift owing to charging on the pattern surface during the electron irradiation. However, the gate dielectric was broken down by charging on the gate electrode at high voltage. Accordingly, for damage-free inspection, the charging voltage should be controlled so as not to break down the gate dielectric.
Flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose monopropellant using graphene microstructures (2016)

The control and enhancement of the combustion wave propagation velocities of solid monopropellants are very important for the development of low cost and efficient micro power systems such as microthrusters and thermal-to-electrical energy conversion devices. In this work, the flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose (NC) solid monopropellant using highly conductive graphene structures was demonstrated. Two different graphene structures, namely, graphene foam (GF) and graphene nano-pellets (GNPs), were studied. For the GNP-doped NC films, fuel layers 500 ± 30 μm thick were deposited and the doping concentrations were varied from 1% to 5% by mass. For the GF, the fuel loading ratio (%) and the foam density were varied to study their effect on the flame speed propagation behavior. Self-propagating combustion waves were observed, with average flame speed enhancements up to 8 times the bulk value. The flame speed enhancement, for both the GNPs and the GF, showed a parabolic trend as a function of their concentrations, and an optimum value for each case was determined. However, the flame speed enhancement, as a function of the GF density (for a fixed fuel loading ratio), showed a monotonic decreasing trend. Moreover, the reusability of the GF structures was also tested by re-depositing them with fuel after combustion. Similar flame speed enhancement was obtained using the fresh and the re-used GF structures.
A new tumor-associated antigen expressed on breast carcinomas, defined by monoclonal antibody BCA 227. (1991)

After immunization of mice with the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, we produced monoclonal antibody (mAb) BCA 227, which allowed us to characterize a new tumor-associated antigen. This molecule is strongly expressed by well differentiated mammary carcinoma cell lines and by some other tumor cell lines of epithelial origin. Immunohistological study of frozen sections of different tissues and tumors confirmed its expression by tumor cells of epithelial origin, particularly infiltrating duct carcinomas of the breast. The antigen is also expressed, to a lesser extent, by some normal epithelial cells. Its biochemical characterization revealed a Mr 71,000 protein without an N-linked sugar moiety. Six to 40 x 10(3) binding sites are present on breast tumor cell surfaces. Although mAb BCA 227, which was found to be of the IgG2a isotype, did not mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity with either human or mouse effector cells, a 50% inhibition of SK-BR5 tumor growth was obtained in nude mice, suggesting that another mechanism is responsible for this inhibition. Biodistribution studies of radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments of mAb BCA 227 in tumor-bearing nude mice showed a preferential localization in the tumor. All these data are in favor of the use of mAb BCA 227 as an immunodiagnostic tool for breast cancer.
MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY OF THE LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR GENE (1992)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine that has been identified and characterized in several laboratories by virtue of a number of different biological activities. LIF is encoded by a unique gene located at 11A1 in the mouse and at 22q12 in man. However, loci related to sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA have been detected and located elsewhere in the genome. The LIF gene from four mammalian species has been cloned and sequenced; the sequences are highly conserved within the coding regions and largely non-conserved within the non-coding regions. However, a number of non-coding segments displaying high interspecies similarity are evident; these are candidate control regions. Intriguingly, an exon corresponding to the 5' end of a variant LIF transcript in the mouse that encodes a potentially matrix-associated form of LIF is not conserved in the human, ovine and porcine genes. The promoter region of the LIF gene contains four well-conserved TATA elements, and two start sites of transcription have been identified. Three regions within the 5' flanking region have been identified as important for the function of the LIF promoter, including a candidate repressor sequence. The LIF gene is transcribed at only very low levels in normal tissues, but its expression can be increased by various stimuli.
Deposition of Alzheimer's ??-amyloid is inversely correlated with P-glycoprotein expression in the brains of elderly non-demented humans (2002)

Deposition of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in the brain occurs during normal ageing and is substantially accelerated in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Since Abeta is continuously produced in the brain, it has been suggested that a clearance mechanism should exist to prevent its accumulation and subsequent aggregation. Until now, little attention has been paid to the possible role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP binding cassette superfamily of transporter proteins, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A recent study demonstrated that Abeta40 and Abeta42 interact directly with P-gp. We therefore hypothesized that Abeta accumulation in the brain would correlate inversely with the degree of vascular P-gp expression. To study early pathogenetic factors that influence the deposition of Abeta, at routine autopsies, brain tissue samples were taken from 243 non-demented subjects who died between the ages of 50 and 91 years. Vascular P-gp expression and the number of Abeta40- and Abeta42-positive senile plaques were assessed immunohistochemically in the medial temporal lobe. In addition, the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes, as well as multiple drug resistance gene 1 ( ) polymorphisms (exon 2, G-1A; exon 21, G2677T/A; exon 26, C3436T), were also determined for each case. P-gp expression was not correlated with genotypes, but we found a significant inverse correlation between P-gp expression and the deposition of both Abeta40 and Abeta42 in the medial temporal lobe. Our results provide the first evidence in human brain tissue that the accumulation of Abeta may be influenced by the expression of P-gp in blood vessels, and suggest that P-gp may influence the elimination of Abeta from brain.
Building an interoperability API for Sky computing (2011)

The federation of Cloud resources can be treated at different levels of abstractions. In this paper we focus on application programming interfaces for building Cloud based applications using services from multiple Cloud providers. A full stack of APIs is proposed to decouple the development of a Cloud-based application from its deployment and execution. A particular attention is paid to the design of the interoperability API aiming to provide programming language interoperability and protocol syntax or semantic enforcements.
Anti-Personnel-Mine Detection by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2005)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is combined with a conventional mine prodder. A passively Q-switched Cr4+:Nd 3+:YAG Microchiplaser amplified in an Yb-fiber operates as laser source. The plasma emission is analyzed by application of neural networks.
Three-dimensional CT: real-time interactive volume rendering. (1996)

September 1996Three-dimensional CT: real-time interactive volume rendering.Authors: P T Johnson, D G Heath, D F Bliss, B Cabral, and E K FishmanAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 167, Issue 3https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.3.8751655 METRICS PDFotherformats