gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of the Circulating Lung Cancer Marker Lcap with a New Monoclonal Antibody Trd-L1 (1997)

Lung Cancer Associated Protein (LCAP) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein defined by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) DF-L1 prepared against a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Previous studies have demonstrated that LCAP circulates at elevated levels in patients with lung cancer. However, a suitable assay for monitoring LCAP levels has not been available. The present work describes the development of a double-determinant LCAP assay using MAb TRD-L1 as the capture antibody and MAb DF-L1 as the tracer. In 60 normal subjects, the mean LCAP level was 4.8 U/ml with 2 (3.3%) subjects having values > 12 U/ml (mean + 2SDS). By contrast, 37 of 67 (55.2%) patients with lung cancer had LCAP levels > 12 U/ml. Moreover, only 14 of 203 (6.9%) patients with benign lung disease had elevated levels. LCAP levels were most commonly elevated (62.7%) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and with advanced disease. These results indicate that LCAP as detected by MAb TRD-L1 is a potentially useful marker for the evaluation of patients with lung cancer.
FeN/AlN multilayer films for high moment thin film recording heads (1996)

Soft magnetic FeN films (H/sub c/<1 Oe) on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC and Si substrates were obtained by lamination with thin AlN interlayers. These laminated films exhibit significantly different magnetic properties when grown on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC substrates compared with those on silicon substrates. Vacuum-annealing at 300/spl deg/C decreases H/sub c/ of the films on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC whereas it increases that on Si. These results are correlated with the variation of the /spl gamma/'-Fe/sub 4/N phase in the films.
A Novel Water-Soluble Photoinitiator for the Acrylic Photopolymerization Type Resist System (1998)

A novel water-soluble photoinitiator, sodium 4-[2-(4-morpholino)benzoyl-2-dimethylamino]butylbenzenesulfonate (MBS), was synthesized by sulfonation of 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-butanone (BDMB) for “environmentally friendly” and “completely water-soluble” resist systems. MBS showed sufficient solubility in water and the same high sensitivity as BDMB. Novel water-soluble photopolymerization resist systems, composed of MBS, polyfunctional acrylate monomers, and water-soluble polymers, were also evaluated. Among the commercially available polyfunctional acrylate monomers, a trifunctional epoxy acrylate monomer from glycerol (DA-314) showed good solubility in water. The sensitivity of this resist system to irradiation of 365-nm UV light was 1.5 mJ/cm2 at 2-μm film thickness. Advantages of the resist are no need for any organic solvent or any alkaline developer. The chemistry of MBS was investigated by IR and photolysis. It was proved that the radical generation mechanism of MBS was the same as for BDMB.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses of the Cyclodextrin-Allyl Isothiocyanate Inclusion Complex in an Aqueous Solution (2000)

The decomposition of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in an aqueous solution was depressed in the presence of cyclodextrin (CD), it's suppression effect increasing in the order of none < beta-CD < alpha-CD. The results of kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the CD-AITC inclusion complexes showed that the inclusion process was mostly governed by an enthalpy change (delta H degree) rather than by an entrophy change (delta S degree), and that Van der Waals forces played a primary role int he inclusion. Steric factors were important for the reaction activity of AITC inclusion into the CD cavity, especially significant being the stereospecificity between the size of the CD cavity and the AITC molecule which is the main factor concerning it's activity. Our results suggest that the association stability and activity of the included AITC molecule are important factors in the suppression mechanism for CDs. Therefore, both these factors would make an alpha-CD-AITC system more advantageous than a beta-CD-AITC system, and the marked suppression effect of alpha-CD on the decomposition of AITC can be attributed to the formation of inclusion complexes in an aqueous solution.
Estrogen Inhibits Development of Yolk Veins and Causes Blood Clotting in Transgenic Medaka Fish Overexpressing Estrogen Receptor (2002)

We established three transgenic medaka fish lines overexpressing the medaka estrogen receptor under the constitutive medaka beta-actin promoter. The transgenic embryos became hypersensitive to estrogens (17 beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol), and failed to develop yolk veins while blood clots formed in the blood island within 3 days after exposure to the estrogens. The embryos developed normally if exposed to estrogen after an early neurula stage, suggesting that the sensitive stage is before neurulation. The developmental defects were recovered by incubation with an anti-estrogen, tamoxifen. These results indicate that activation of estrogen receptor caused the estrogen-induced developmental defects. Our results show that the transgenic embryos can be used to assay the blood clotting activity of estrogenic compounds in vivo.
Rapid Report (2001)

1. The aim of this study was to describe the time course of the response of human muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to a square wave increase in availability of amino acids (AAs) in plasma. We investigated the responses of quadriceps MPS to a approximately 1.7-fold increase in plasma AA concentrations using an intravenous infusion of 162 mg (kg body weight)(-1) h(-1) of mixed AAs. MPS was estimated from D3-leucine labelling in protein after a primed, constant intravenous infusion of D3-ketoisocaproate, increased appropriately during AA infusion. 2. Muscle was separated into myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions. MPS, both of mixed muscle and of fractions, was estimated during a basal period (2.5 h) and at 0.5-4 h intervals for 6 h of AA infusion. 3. Rates of mixed MPS were not significantly different from basal (0.076 +/- 0.008 % h(-1)) in the first 0.5 h of AA infusion but then rose rapidly to a peak after 2 h of approximately 2.8 times the basal value. Thereafter, rates declined rapidly to the basal value. All muscle fractions showed a similar pattern. 4. The results suggest that MPS responds rapidly to increased availability of AAs but is then inhibited, despite continued AA availability. These results suggest that the fed state accretion of muscle protein may be limited by a metabolic mechanism whenever the requirement for substrate for protein synthesis is exceeded.
Finding Endogenously Formed Communities (2013)

A central problem in data mining and social network analysis is determining overlapping communities (clusters) among individuals or objects in the absence of external identification or tagging. We address this problem by introducing a framework that captures the notion of communities or clusters determined by the relative affinities among their members. To this end we define what we call an affinity system, which is a set of elements, each with a vector characterizing its preference for all other elements in the set. We define a natural notion of (potentially overlapping) communities in an affinity system, in which the members of a given community collectively prefer each other to anyone else outside the community. Thus these communities are endogenously formed in the affinity system and are “self-determined” or “self-certified” by its members. We provide a tight polynomial bound on the number of self-determined communities as a function of the robustness of the community. We present a polynomial-time algorithm for enumerating these communities. Moreover, we obtain a local algorithm with a strong stochastic performance guarantee that can find a community in time nearly linear in the of size the community (as opposed to the size of the network). Social networks and social interactions fit particularly naturally within the affinity system framework – if we can appropriately extract the affinities from the relatively sparse yet rich information from social networks and social interactions, our analysis then yields a set of efficient algorithms for enumerating self-determined communities in social networks. In the context of social networks we also connect our analysis with results about (α, β)-clusters introduced by Mishra, Schreiber, Stanton, and Tarjan [22, 23]. In contrast with the polynomial bound we prove on the number of communities in the affinity system model, we show that there exists a family of networks with superpolynomial number of (α, β)-clusters.
Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals (2009)

Population stratification has long been recognized as a confounding factor in genetic association studies. Estimated ancestries, derived from multi-locus genotype data, can be used to perform a statistical correction for population stratification. One popular technique for estimation of ancestry is the model-based approach embodied by the widely applied program structure. Another approach, implemented in the program EIGENSTRAT, relies on Principal Component Analysis rather than model-based estimation and does not directly deliver admixture fractions. EIGENSTRAT has gained in popularity in part owing to its remarkable speed in comparison to structure. We present a new algorithm and a program, ADMIXTURE, for model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. ADMIXTURE adopts the likelihood model embedded in structure. However, ADMIXTURE runs considerably faster, solving problems in minutes that take structure hours. In many of our experiments, we have found that ADMIXTURE is almost as fast as EIGENSTRAT. The runtime improvements of ADMIXTURE rely on a fast block relaxation scheme using sequential quadratic programming for block updates, coupled with a novel quasi-Newton acceleration of convergence. Our algorithm also runs faster and with greater accuracy than the implementation of an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm incorporated in the program FRAPPE. Our simulations show that ADMIXTURE's maximum likelihood estimates of the underlying admixture coefficients and ancestral allele frequencies are as accurate as structure's Bayesian estimates. On real-world data sets, ADMIXTURE's estimates are directly comparable to those from structure and EIGENSTRAT. Taken together, our results show that ADMIXTURE's computational speed opens up the possibility of using a much larger set of markers in model-based ancestry estimation and that its estimates are suitable for use in correcting for population stratification in association studies.
A High Efficiency Coronagraph for Astronomical Applications (1988)

Direct detection of extra-solar planetary systems is one of a class of astronomical problems requiring a significant reduction of diffracted light within a few arcseconds of a bright point source. Traditional approaches to diffraction reduction control have included pupil plane apodization, which extracts enormous penalties in effective collecting area to obtain small angle performance, and coronagraphs, in which high efficiency requires extensive occultation of the central source giving up a valuable portion of the field of view. We have developed a hybrid, high efficiency, coronagraph which is optimized for diffraction reduction within a few Airy radii of a bright unresolved source. The coronagraph utilizes a graded, or apodized transmission mask to occult the central source. Theoretical models have shown that the mask renders the Lyot stop more efficient while allowing some transmission very close to the parent star. For targets near the parent star we have found that the coronagraphic efficiency remains virtually independent of radius even when transmission losses through the mask are taken into account. Instead of being used to reduce the wings of a focal plane diffraction pattern, apodization is used in this design to reduce the diffraction wings of the pupil plane image. With a more compact pupil plane image, the application of a Lyot stop becomes much more efficient resulting in greatly improved performance without the loss of a valuable portion of the field of view. Theoretical results will be presented as well as data from a breadboard experiment.
Fringing fields in a liquid crystal spatial light modulator for beam steering (2004)

Abstract Phase modulating spatial light modulators (SLMs) can be used to alter the shape of a laser wavefront to achieve a deflection or change in the shape of a laser beam. This paper reports the results of characterization, simulation and optimization of a one-dimensional liquid crystal (LC) SLM. The device has a large ratio between LC layer thickness and pixel pitch that results in a fringing field between pixels. In effect, the applied phase patterns will be lowpass filtered and the loss of high frequency components limits, for instance, the usable steering range. A method is presented where intensity measurements in the far field are used to determine how the phase modulation at the SLM is distorted. The inhomogeneous optical anisotropy of the device was determined by modelling the liquid crystal director distribution within the electrode-pixel structure. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were used to calculate the light propagation through the LC. The simulated phase distortion was compared with the experimental results. A voltage compensation scheme to improve the diffraction efficiency was developed utilizing the measured and simulated results. It is demonstrated that a modification of the voltage patterns can give a better realization of high frequency components in the phase distribution and an increase in maximum steering angle by a factor two.
Role Based Access Control in the ATLAS Experiment (2007)

The ATLAS experiment operates with a significant number of hardware and software resources. Their protection against misuse is an essential task to ensure a safe and optimal operation. To achieve this goal, the role based access control (RBAC) model has been chosen for its scalability, flexibility, ease of administration and usability from the lowest operating system level to the highest software application level. This paper presents the overall design of RBAC implementation in the ATLAS experiment and the enforcement solutions in different areas such as the system administration, control room desktops and the data acquisition software. The users and the roles are centrally managed using a directory service based on lightweight directory access protocol which is kept in synchronization with the human resources and IT databases.
Restoration of Posterior Aspect of Rhabdosphincter Shortens Continence Time After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy (2006)

Careful reconstruction of the posterior aspect of the rhabdosphincter markedly shortens time to continence.
Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Rodents in the United States (2000)

The recent identification of antibody to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs, sheep, and cattle and characterization of an HEV isolated from domestic pigs suggest animal reservoirs for this virus. To investigate whether rodents might be a natural reservoir of HEV, the prevalence of anti-HEV was determined among a variety of species throughout the United States. Serum samples were obtained from 806 rodents of 26 species in 15 genera. Anti-HEV prevalence was assessed by 2 EIAs (mosaic protein- and 55-kDa protein-based), which gave concordant results. The highest prevalence of antibody was found in the genus Rattus (59.7%; 166/278). Overall, rodents from urban habitats had a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HEV than did animals captured from rural areas. A high prevalence of anti-HEV was found in animals captured on mainland versus barrier islands. The results from this study provide convincing evidence of widespread HEV or HEV-like infection in rodents of the United States.
Irreducible analogs of mevaldic acid coenzyme A hemithioacetal as potential inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Synthesis of a carbon-sulfur interchanged analog of mevaldic acid pantetheine hemithioacetal (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreducible analogs of mevaldic acid coenzyme A hemithioacetal as potential inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Synthesis of a carbon-sulfur interchanged analog of mevaldic acid pantetheine hemithioacetalGordon C. Fischer, Rajesh H. Turakhia, and Cary J. MorrowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 12, 2011–2019Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00212a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00212a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FPGA-based Ultra-Low Latency HIL Fault Testing of a Permanent Magnet Motor Drive using RT-LAB-XSG (2008)

Presented is a real-time simulator of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on an FPGA card. Real-time simulation of PMSM drives enables thorough testing of control strategies and software protection routines and therefore allows rapid deployment of vehicular or industrial applications. The proposed PMSM model is a phase domain model with sinusoidal flux induction. A 3-phase IGBT inverter drives the PMSM machine. Both models are implemented on an FPGA chip, without any VHDL coding, with the RT-LAB real-time simulation platform of Opal-RT Technologies using a Simulink blockset called Xilinx System Generator (XSG). The paper explains various aspects of the design of the motor drive models in fixed-point representation in XSG, as well as simulation validation against a standard PMSM drive model built in Simulink. The PMSM drive, along with a open-loop test source for the pulse width modulation, is coded for an FPGA card. The model has user-selectable dead time, modulation index, source angle offset, and frequency. The PMSM drive is completed with various encoder models (quadrature, Hall effects and resolver). The overall model compilation and simulation is entirely automated by RT-LAB. The drive can also run in a closed loop with a controller executing on a CPU of a real-time simulator. The phase-domain PMSM drive model runs with an equivalent 10 nanosecond time step (100 MHz FPGA card) and has a latency of 300 nanoseconds (PMSM machine and inverter). The motor drive is directly connected to digital inputs and analog outputs with 1 microsecond settling time on the FPGA card and has a resulting total hardware-in-the-loop latency of 1.3 microseconds.
Frequency-hopping vernier clock generators for multiple clock domain SoCs (2004)

Proposed here is a new clock-distribution network for multiple clock domain SoCs, one that employs vernier clock generators. Although only one global-clock frequency is used, the clock frequency of individual IP cores can be varied. Furthermore, these variations can be conducted adaptively in fine increments under operating conditions, and clock signals can be stopped/restarted quickly (within a few cycles). These are important advantages for low-power sophisticated SoCs. This paper presents the vernier clock generator, the circuit which is key to making the clock-distribution network practical. A 1.0-GHz vernier clock generator employing a 90-nm CMOS technology is shown to successfully vary output from 0.5 to 1.0 GHz in 8 steps.
U.S. Department of Education Office of Inspector General Launches New DVD: 'Identity Theft: It's Not Worth it' (2007)

U.S. Department of Education Office of Inspector General Launches New DVD: 'Identity Theft: It's Not Worth it'
Tomato Plant Culture In the Field, Greenhouse, and Home Garden (1998)

The tomato is the second most widely grown vegetable crop in the world and the number one vegetable grown in home gardens in the U.S. Rich in Vitamins A and C, tomato fruit contains the antioxidant lycopene. A recent long-term medical study indicates that individuals who regularly consume fresh tomatoes or processed tomato products are less likely to develop certain forms of cancer than those who do not. Tomato Plant Culture: In the Field, Greenhouse, and Home Garden provides comprehensive factual information about tomato plant culture and fruit production, beneficial to plant scientists and commercial field and greenhouse growers as well as the home gardener. Data compiled focuses on the more recent literature, including information about the cultural characteristics of the plant; fruit production and related quality factors; and environmental and nutritional requirements for both field- and greenhouse-grown plants.
Hypoxia-Induced Epigenetic Regulation and Silencing of the <i>BRCA1</i> Promoter (2011)

Disruption of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor can be caused not only by inherited mutations in familial cancers but also by BRCA1 gene silencing in sporadic cancers. Hypoxia, a key feature of the tumor microenvironment, has been shown to downregulate BRCA1 at the transcriptional level via repressive E2F4/p130 complexes. Here we showed that hypoxia also drives epigenetic modification of the BRCA1 promoter, with decreased H3K4 methylation as a key repressive modification produced by the lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1. We also observed increased H3K9 methylation coupled with decreased H3K9 acetylation. Similar modifications were seen in the RAD51 promoter, which is also downregulated by hypoxia, whereas exactly opposite changes were seen in the promoter of the hypoxia-inducible gene VEGF. In cells containing the BRCA1 promoter driving a selectable HPRT gene, long-term silencing of the promoter was observed following exposure to hypoxic stress. Clones with silenced BRCA1 promoters were detected at frequencies of 2% or more following hypoxia, but at less than 6 × 10(-5) without hypoxia. The silenced clones showed decreased H3K4 methylation and decreased H3K9 acetylation in the BRCA1 promoters, consistent with the acute effects of hypoxic stress. Hypoxia-induced BRCA1 promoter silencing persisted in subsequent normoxic conditions but could be reversed by treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor but not with a DNA methylation inhibitor. Interestingly, treatment of cells with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) can cause short-term repression of BRCA1 expression, but such treatment does not produce H3K4 or H3K9 histone modification or BRCA1 promoter silencing. These results suggest that hypoxia is a driving force for long-term silencing of BRCA1, thereby promoting genome instability and tumor progression.
Device and service discovery in home networks with OSGi (2002)

We present an overview of the Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi/spl trade/) technology and its associated mechanisms for accessing devices. A technical description of work currently underway to map various industry device and service discovery protocols to OSGi is presented, followed by an illustrative usage case for a home networking environment. Finally, the authors describe the benefits OSGi discovery technology offers in home networking and discuss potential future work in this area.