gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-based inverse rendering from a single view (2003)

This paper presents a method to estimate geometrical, photometrical, and environmental information of a single-viewed object in one integrated framework under fixed viewing position and fixed illumination direction. These three types of information are important to render a photorealistic image of a real object. Photometrical information represents the texture and the surface roughness of an object, while geometrical and environmental information represent the 3D shape of an object and the illumination distribution, respectively. The proposed method estimates the 3D shape by computing the surface normal from polarization data, calculates the texture of the object from the diffuse only reflection component, determines the illumination directions from the position of the brightest intensity in the specular reflection component, and finally computes the surface roughness of the object by using the estimated illumination distribution.
Resistance of melon to the carmine spider mite,<i>Tetranychus cinnabarinus</i>(Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae) (1987)

Abstract The resistance of 32 melon lines to Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) was studied in Israel. Average counts ten days after infestation, at the fourth-leaf stage, ranged from 3·5 to 57 mites per four leaf discs 1 cm in diameter; six lines had significantly low counts, ranging from 0·9 to 1·5 mites per four leaf discs. Fourteen of the lines were also tested at the flowering stage. No mites were found on two lines, and on a third line very few mites were observed. All three lines also had had significantly low mite counts at the fourth-leaf stage. The results suggest there is a definite variation among melon lines in resistance to mite infestation.
Neuromonitoring in Otology and Head and Neck Surgery (1992)

Basic principles of neurophysiologic recordings in the operating room, Donald H. York basic considerations in intraoperative monitoring working in the operating room, Gary P. Jacobson and Gene K. Balzer neuroanaesthetic techniques for intraoperative monitoring, Kirk Hogan intraoperative electromyographic recording, Richard Prass intraoperative facial nerve monitoring - ontology, neurotology, and skull base surgery, Jack M. Kartush and Kenneth Bouchard regional monitoring of the lower (ninth through twelfth) cranial nerves, Michael J. Lanser, et al recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery, Douglas L. Beck and Michael D. Maves physiology of the auditory system and recording of auditory evoked potentials, Aage R. Moller intraoperative auditory brainstem recording, Aage R. Moller intraoperative electocochleography, Mitchell K. Schwaber and James W. Hall III future challenges in intraoperative neural stimulation and recording, P R. Kileny and John K. Niparko.
Drug Repurposing in Chemical Genomics: Can We Learn from the Past to Improve the Future? (2012)

More needs to be done by the private sector to optimize the drug discovery and development pipeline. In addition, significant efforts should also be focused on the understanding of mechanism of diseases, on the characterization of unexplored biochemical pathways and on the validation of new protein targets. Chemical genomics, which uses chemical probes to help understand the complexity of biological systems at the gene and protein levels, has proven in recent years to be an important tool. Experimental and computational chemical genomic screenings have been used by the private sector and recently also by academia and non-profit institutions for drug repurposing or repositioning to find new indications for known drugs. A detailed overview of the current initiatives in drug repurposing, initiated by the major governmental funding agencies around the world is reported. The push towards greater efficiency is encouraging drug repurposing and other techniques in chemical genomics. Finding the best ways to improve translational research and accelerate the regulation of clinical phases means being able to launch safer drugs into the market faster.
Automated Peak Recognition from Photodiode Array Spectra in Liquid Chromatography (1989)

Abstract The use of multivariate computation techniques for the treatment of data from multi-wavelength photo diode-array detectors is an important step in computer-guided optimization strategies in HPLC. The treatment should provide the user with data on the identity and retention times of the individual solutes. These data are essential for those optimization strategies that can be classified as “interpretive”-methods, since peak recognition of both pure peaks and overlapping peak systems is a prerequisite for these methods. The peak recognition is based on comparison of spectra using their correlation coefficient. Three multivariate techniques used for deconvolution of overlapping peaks and determination of spectral information on the individual components are reviewed in this paper: Multi - component analysis, Target Factor Analyhsis and Iterative Target Transformation-Factor Analysis. The nature of the information and the quality of the results of the different multivariate techniques strongly influences the final result of the optimization procedure.
Control Theory (2004)

This fully revised and updated edition of Control Theory: a guided tour addresses recent developments in the field. It discusses how the rise of Hoo and similar approaches has allowed a combination of practicality, rigour and user interaction to be brought to bear on complex control problems and has helped bridge the gap between control theory and practice. The book also examines the effects of the rise of artificial intelligence techniques and the increasing availability of comprehensive software packages.
A circularly polarized waveguide narrow-wall slot array using a single layer polarization converter (2002)

A linearly polarized radar antenna made by a slot array on the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide has been widely used for shipborne applications. This paper proposes a circularly polarized waveguide narrow-wall slot array with a single layer dipole array mounted on it as a polarization converter. We can switch from linear polarization to circular polarization by mounting the dipole array in front of an existing linear polarization array. In a narrow-wall slot array, each slot has a different angle with respect to the waveguide axis to control the radiation power. This variation in the slot angle results in a large phase difference in the circularly polarized wave, when each dipole mounted on the inclined slot is designed to optimize the axial ratio of the element pattern and is making a constant angle with each slot. Grating lobes of -14 dB and -20 dB appear in the -35 dB Taylor distribution design of 1.2 m (47 elements) and 3.6 m (150 elements) in the 9.41 GHz band. The phase correction is realized by changing the angle between the slot and dipole though the axial ratio of the element in the boresight direction is degraded up to 4.0 dB in the worst case. The array pattern is still perfect circularly polarized. The level of the grating lobes after the phase control is about -18 dB and -26 dB for the circularly polarized antenna with 47 elements and 150 elements, respectively.
The Emerging Role of ACE Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease (1990)

Large clinical studies have established the therapeutic benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). In patients with hypertension, ACE inhibitors have been shown to lower blood pressure, with an excellent safety profile. They maintain or enhance the perfusion of vital organs and decrease or reverse cardiac hypertrophy without affecting myocardial contractility or conductivity. ACE inhibitors are safe to use in patients with coexisting conditions such as diabetes and asthma. They maintain or improve quality of life. As a consequence, ACE inhibitors are emerging as first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension. In the treatment of CHF, ACE inhibitors have been shown to improve symptoms and morbidity, and to decrease mortality in high-risk patients. The possible benefits of early use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of CHF are currently under investigation. Also of interest is the theoretical benefit that ACE-inhibitor therapy may have on CHF-related arrhythmias.
Pro-Apoptotic Apoptosis Protease–Activating Factor 1 (Apaf-1) Has a Cytoplasmic Localization Distinct from Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL (2000)

How Bcl-2 and its pro-survival relatives prevent activation of the caspases that mediate apoptosis is unknown, but they appear to act through the caspase activator apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). According to the apoptosome model, the Bcl-2-like proteins preclude Apaf-1 activity by sequestering the protein. To explore Apaf-1 function and to test this model, we generated monoclonal antibodies to Apaf-1 and used them to determine its localization within diverse cells by subcellular fractionation and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Whereas Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) were prominent on organelle membranes, endogenous Apaf-1 was cytosolic and did not colocalize with them, even when these pro-survival proteins were overexpressed or after apoptosis was induced. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed that Apaf-1 was dispersed in the cytoplasm and not on mitochondria or other organelles. After the death stimuli, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) precluded the release of the Apaf-1 cofactor cytochrome c from mitochondria and the formation of larger Apaf-1 complexes, which are steps that presage apoptosis. However, neither Bcl-2 nor Bcl-x(L) could prevent the in vitro activation of Apaf-1 induced by the addition of exogenous cytochrome c. Hence, rather than sequestering Apaf-1 as proposed by the apoptosome model, Bcl-2-like proteins probably regulate Apaf-1 indirectly by controlling upstream events critical for its activation.
Theoretical and experimental study of 10 Gb/s transmission performance using 1.55 μm LiNbO/sub 3/-based transmitters with adjustable extinction ratio and chirp (1999)

This paper has experimentally and theoretically investigated transmission performance depending on chirping and extinction ratio for a 10 Gb/s transmission system with the standard single-mode fiber. The transmission performance can be dramatically degraded or improved by adjusting chirp and extinction ratio in a 1.55 /spl mu/m LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator-based transmitter and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-pin diode receiver configuration. To estimate the transmission performance, bit error rate (BER) characteristics rather than eye-opening penalty (EOP) have been calculated by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with including the model of chirping and extinction ratio for the transmitter, and noise and intersymbol interference for the receiver. This simulation can predict the measured BER characteristics well enough to see interplaying between chirping and extinction ratio.
Evaluation of Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery Effects in Sandstone: Effects of the Temperature and pH Gradient (2012)

Recently, we proposed a chemical mechanism for the low-salinity enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effect, where change in pH was a key parameter. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of pH in the low-salinity water-flooding process in sandstones. We also try to relate the rate and size of the pH gradient to the low-salinity EOR potential at various temperatures. Static adsorption studies of basic material quinoline onto illite in the pH range of 3–8 showed that the adsorption was always higher in low-salinity water compared to high-salinity water, confirming that a decrease in salinity itself cannot be responsible for the wettability alteration in a low-salinity EOR process. In fact, previous work has shown that the adsorption and desorption processes of the organic material quinoline are mostly pH-controlled. Two reservoir and one outcrop sandstone cores were water-flooded successively with high-salinity–low-salinity–high-salinity brine at temperatures ranging from 40 to 130 °C, and pH and concentrations of Ca2+ and SO42– were recorded. In all cases, an increase in pH was observed as the injected fluid was switched from high-salinity brine to low-salinity brine and the pH decreased again to its initial value as the fluid was switched back to the high-salinity brine. Both the pH gradient and the rate of the pH gradient can be related to the desorption rate of Ca2+ from the clay surface, which is an exothermic process; i.e., the pH gradient and desorption rate decreased as the temperature increased. The presence of anhydrite in the rock material reduced the size of the pH gradient as well as the rate of desorption of Ca2+. The observed pH gradient in cleaned core material can be linked to the low-salinity EOR effect, and in that sense, the method can be used as a first screening test for possible low-salinity EOR potential.
Real-time sensor data validation for Space Shuttle Main Engine telemetry monitoring (1999)

Real-time validation of rocket engine sensor data improves mission safety and reduces flight operations and ground test costs. NASA Glenn Research Center, in partnership with Expert Microsystems, Inc., has developed an innovative sensor validation software application enabling real-time, automated sensor failure detection for all types of mission critical systems. This technology is broadly applicable to any aerospace or industrial control and safety system where: 0 Time-critical, closed-loop control or safety monitoring depend on sensor input; e Unexpected process interruptions due to sensor failures or false alarms are unsafe or uneconomical. Testing performed to date has verified that these sensor validation algorithms enable highly reliable real-time data validation for mission critical Space Shuttle Main Engine performance sensors, including the turbine discharge temperatures on both turbopumps. In this paper, we describe the current development status of the Sensor Validation System software and its application to the production of an on-line Space Shuttle Main Engine telemetry data monitoring system.
Effect of Copper Contents on Sulfur Poisoning of Copper Ion-Exchanged Mordenite for NO Reduction by NH3 (1995)

Deactivation of copper ion-exchanged mordenite (CuHM) catalysts with different copper contents by SO2 for NO reduction with NH3 was examined in a fixed bed flow reactor. A larger amount of deactivating agent deposits on the catalyst surface with the increase of copper contents under the same operating conditions. The deactivating agents deposited on the copper-exchanged mordenite catalysts were mainly (NH4)(2)SO4 and/or NH4HSO4 from the results of thermal analyses such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The formation of the ammonium salts largely depends on the reaction temperature and SO3 concentration generated from SO2 oxidation which is a reaction catalyzed primarily by copper ions on the catalyst surface. The catalytic activity and surface area of the deactivated catalysts are well-correlated with the sulfur content deposited on the catalyst surface, depending upon the reaction temperatures and its catalyst copper contents.
Next Generation of Active Underwear : Implementing Smart Textiles and Technologies (2015)

This report is a product from a master thesis project conducted at the Royal Institute of Technology during the spring of 2015. The project was performed at Innventia AB as a part of Exjobbsskolan which purpose is to create synergy between several master thesis projects. Information and insights from the different projects were exchanged within Exjobbsskolan which has been a support throughout the process. The project has also been executed in close collaboration with the client Björn Borg AB.The Björn Borg brand was established in the Swedish fashion market during the first half of the 1980s. Today Björn Borg has a strong position particularly in its largest product group underwear. A couple of years ago they started a new segment called Active Underwear which is underwear aimed for sports application. The demand for these is predicted to be high and the aim of the project was therefore to develop new innovative and sustainable concepts as well as a mapping of relevant textiles and technologies implementable in underwear.The textile and technology mapping resulted in a list of the current and upcoming possibilities within the smart textile and technology segment. The mapping also covered how to implement the technologies and recommendations in terms of which garment the certain technique is suitable in.The analysis of the market and the behavior of the customers showed that an added value is needed in order to make them change into specific underwear prior exercise. It also showed that comfort is the most important property of an underwear garment and that minimizing humidity level is essential in sports apparel.A tactile study of the fabrics used by Björn Borg and alternatives that are more environmentally friendly was conducted. This provided the insight that synthetic fibers are perceived as more sporty and cooler.The project resulted in male and female underwear including a sports bra made of a phase change material that enhances the thermo regulation and thereby the comfort. The underwear are also capable of monitoring heart rate using textile electrodes sewn into the ribbon. Additional concept packages for future inspiration containing several technologies were also created.
Influence of Selectivity on the Supramolecular Polymerization of AB-Type Polymers Capable of Both A·A and A·B Interactions (2008)

The supramolecular polymerization of two AB-type monomers capable of hydrogen-bond-mediated A x B heterocoupling and A x A homocoupling is discussed. The AB-type supramolecular polymerization is based on the strong interaction between self-dimerizing 2-ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) and 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridine (NaPy). In an effort to reduce the "self-stoppered" effect that is inherently present in these supramolecular polymerizations we used a novel ureido-pyrimidinone substituted with a dibutylamino group at the pyrimidinone ring. As a result of the substitution, the dimerization constant of the novel UPy unit is lowered compared to the previous UPy unit while the heterodimerization strength is retained. Unexpectedly, the increased selectivity toward heteroassociation not only influences the concentration-dependent degree of polymerization due to reduction of the "self-stoppered" effect but also has a pronounced effect on the ring-chain equilibrium by increasing the tendency to cyclize. In order to quantitatively explain our results, a model was developed that accurately predicts the degree of polymerization by taking into account homo- and heterodimerization as well as cyclization. Finally, molecular weight distributions for noncyclizing AB supramolecular polymerizations with and without a reversible A x A interaction are calculated. It is found that the molecular weight distribution becomes narrower when A x A interactions are present.
Whole Blood Gene Expression Profiles to Assess Pathogenesis and Disease Severity in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2013)

Blood RNA profiles of infants with RSV LRTI allow specific diagnosis, better understanding of disease pathogenesis, and assessment of disease severity. This study opens new avenues for biomarker discovery and identification of potential therapeutic or preventive targets, and demonstrates that large microarray datasets can be translated into a biologically meaningful context and applied to the clinical setting. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Pipelining Technique for Energy-Aware Datapaths (2005)

This paper presents a novel method to improve the energy awareness of the pipelined datapaths for varying throughputs. It activates the pipeline registers only when necessary; i.e. a data item can bypass the pipeline registers when the operation is free of race from the succeeding one, and when the glitch is minimal. Then, the clock pulses of the unused pipeline registers are gated to reduce the energy dissipation. Compared to the conventional clock gating approach, our proposed on-demand pipelining eliminates all redundant clock pulses whenever the peak datarate is not reached. Moreover, our method has a constant input-to-output latency for all operation modes, which significantly simplifies the integration tasks. In our simulations, the proposed on-demand pipelining saves up to 80% energy of conventional pipelined datapaths, and it can reduce about 34%/spl sim/39% energy dissipation of those with gated-clock only.
The Effect of Intraoperative Use of Esmolol and Nicardipine on Recovery After Ambulatory Surgery (2003)

The adjunctive use of the beta-adrenergic blocker esmolol to control the acute sympathetic responses during desflurane-based anesthesia provided a more rapid awakening from anesthesia, reduced the postoperative opioid analgesic requirement, and decreased the time to discharge home after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery.
Degradable and Comb-Like PEG-Based Copolymers by Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (2013)

Three cyclic ketene acetals, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO), and 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL), have been copolymerized with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and a small amount of acrylonitrile (or styrene) at 90 °C by nitroxidemediated radical ring-opening polymerization, as a convenient way to prepare degradable PEG-based copolymers for biomedical applications. MPDL was the best candidate, enabling high monomer conversions to be reached and well-defined PEG-based copolymers with adjustable amount of ester groups in the main chain to be synthesized, leading to nearly complete hydrolytic degradation (5% KOH aqueous solution, ambient temperature). The noncytotoxicity of the obtained copolymers was shown on three different cell lines (i.e., fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages), representing a promising approach for the design of degradable precursors for PEGylation and bioconjugation via the NMP technique.
Red Ginseng Extract Ameliorates Autoimmune Arthritis via Regulation of STAT3 Pathway, Th17/Treg Balance, and Osteoclastogenesis in Mice and Human (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation. Red ginseng is a steamed and dried Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, which has been used as alternative medicine for thousands of years. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of red ginseng extracts (RGE) on autoimmune arthritis in mice and humans and to delineate the underlying mechanism. RGE was orally administered three times a week to mice with arthritis. Oral administration of RGE markedly ameliorated clinical arthritis score and histologically assessed joint inflammation in mice with CIA. A significant reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation and a decrease in the number of Th17 cells were observed with RGE treatment. There was also a marked reduction in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis with treatment of RGE. The inhibitory effect of RGE on Th17 differentiation and osteoclastogenesis observed in mice was also confirmed in the subsequent experiments performed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our findings provide the first evidence that RGE can regulate Th17 and reciprocally promote Treg cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. Therefore, RGE can ameliorate arthritis in mice with CIA by targeting pathogenic Th17 and osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a novel therapy for treatment of RA.
Neuropathic Pain in a Patient with Porphyria. Case Report (2010)

Porphyria is one of the rare groups of enzymatic disorders that remain unknown by the great majority of health professionals. Upon recognizing this lack of knowledge about the disease, the level of stress and insecurity of the patient increases hindering adhesion to and continuity of the treatment.