gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Cancellation of Intersymbol Interference for Data Transmission (1981)

In this paper, we analyze a technique for accurately detecting transmitted data symbols contained in a modulated signal that has been degraded by a linear dispersive channel and additive Gaussian noise. The approach uses an adaptive equalizer which provides preliminary decisions to an adaptive canceller. The canceller output is used to remove the interference from an adaptive matching filter, resulting in the desired signal. Channel equalization attempts to invert the channel transfer function, while avoiding excessive noise enhancement. However, cancellation (as used in echo cancellers), attempts to generate a replica of the interfering signal and subtract it from the actual received signal containing the sum of the desired signal and interference. The cancellation approach, unlike equalization, offers the possibility of removing interference without enhancing the level of noise already present in the received waveform. Simulation results for transmission over practical channels show significant improvement of linear cancellation over both linear forward and decision-feedback equalization.
A calibration technique for SAR ADC based on code density test (2015)

A foreground calibration for successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is introduced in this paper. This calibration system is based on the fact that capacitor mismatch can result in the discontinuity of output code density. In the calibration mode, a triangular signal with a small swing generated on chip is input and the Calibration Controller utilizes a data comparator and a SAR logic to trim the MSB capacitors based on the result of code density test. A MATLAB behavioral simulation with 30 times Monte Carlo is done when the calibration method is applied in a 10-bit SAR ADC. Simulation results show that the mean values of the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) are improved to 63.24 dB and 70.61 dB from 53.61 dB and 59.23 dB, respectively.
A Novel Type of Liquid Crystals Based on Axially Fluorinated Cyclohexane Units (1998)

Decidedly higher clearing temperatures and often also broader mesophases are exhibited by axially fluorinated cyclohexane derivatives 1 and 2 relative to their nonfluorinated analogues. A convenient method for the multigram synthesis of 1 and 2, which represent a promising new type of liquid crystals with positive or negative dielectric anisotropy, is presented.
Collaborative network outage troubleshooting with secure multiparty computation (2013)

Troubleshooting network outages is a complex and time-consuming process. Network administrators are typically overwhelmed with large volumes of monitoring data, like SMTP and NetFlow measurements, from which it is very hard to separate between actionable and non-actionable events. In addition, they can only debug network problems using very basic tools, like ping and traceroute. In this context, intelligent correlation of measurements from different Internet locations is essential for analyzing the root cause of outages. However, correlating measurements across domains raises privacy concerns and hence is largely avoided. A possible solution to the privacy barrier is secure multi-party computation (MPC), that is, a set of cryptographic methods that enable a number of parties to aggregate private data without revealing sensitive information. In this article, we propose a distributed mechanism based on MPC for privacy-preserving correlation of NetFlow measurements from multiple ISPs, which helps in the diagnosis of network outages. We first outline an MPC protocol that can be used to analyze the scope (local, global, or semi-global) and severity of network outages across multiple ISPs. Then we use NetFlow data from a medium-sized ISP to evaluate the performance of our protocol. Our findings indicate that correlating data from several dozens of ISPs is feasible in near real time, with a delay of just a few seconds. This demonstrates the scalability and potential for real-world deployment of MPC-based schemes. Finally, as a case study we demonstrate how our scheme helped analyze, from multiple domains, the impact that Hurricane Sandy had on Internet connectivity in terms of scope and severity.
Effects of Branching and Crystallization on Rheology of Polycaprolactone Supramolecular Polymers with Ureidopyrimidinone End Groups (2011)

The rheology of supramolecular polycaprolactone polymers with two ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) end groups and unimer molecular weights between 600 and 4000 was compared with that of branched tri- and tetrafunctional analogs. Above the melting point of polycaprolactone, the previously observed(1) low-frequency plateau in storage and loss moduli during oscillatory frequency sweep of lower molecular weight bifunctional unimers was shown to persist up to 130−170 °C, where it gradually disappeared but reappeared upon slow cooling. Even though they are supramolecularly cross-linked, the tri- and tetrafunctional materials showed no plateau. This counterintuitive behavior was further investigated with optical microscopy, WAXS, and DSC experiments, which indicated that the plateau is closely connected to the presence of crystalline domains in the lower molecular weight fraction of bifunctionalized unimers. Because the formation of crystallites is prevented by branching, and because the network formed by the tri- and tetrafunctional unimers has a short lifetime, the branched materials do not show a low-frequency plateau.
Correlation Between Corneal and Total Wavefront Aberrations in Myopic Eyes (2003)

Due to the lack of correlation between corneal and total wavefront aberrations in most of the higher order aberrations, measurement of corneal aberrations are of limited use for representation of the optical quality of the human eye, especially after corneal laser surgery. Corneal aberrations and optical elements within the eye are optically balanced. As a consequence, ideal customized ablations must take both corneal and total wavefront aberrations into consideration.
Low-energy laser treatment and exercise for chronic low back pain: double-blind controlled trial. (1990)

Twenty patients with chronic low back pain were enrolled in a randomized double-blind trial to test the efficacy of low-energy laser biostimulation combined with exercise. Ten patients received low-energy gallium-arsenide laser treatment, and ten received placebo laser treatment. Both groups were also placed on an active exercise program. Visual analogue and disability pain scores were assessed pretreatment and one month posttreatment and showed significant (p less than .02) improvements in both groups, but no relative advantage was found for either group. Objective parameters using computerized triaxial measurements of range of motion, isometric torque, and isodynamic velocity were also performed before and after treatment. There were significant improvements in objective parameters in both the laser and placebo groups, but no relative advantage accrued to either group. Under the conditions of this study, low-energy laser stimulation plus exercise did not provide a significant advantage over exercise alone.
A Comparative Study of Arterial and Venous Blood Acetate Concentration in Cows Fed Different Diets Close to Parturition (1992)

Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal artery and a jugular vein two weeks before expected calving, one to five days after calving and three weeks after calving of cows which were fed either a high roughage or a low roughage diet from four weeks before to 14 weeks after calving. The mean venous acetate concentration ranged from about half to three-quarters of the arterial concentration. No differences were observed at any time between concentrations of acetate in either the arterial or venous blood of the cows on the different diets.
Joint wavelet transform and vector quantization for speech coding (2002)

A new scheme for speech compression is presented using both discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and vector quantization (VQ). This method named discrete wavelet vector transform quantization (DWVTQ) is a coding system in which the speech signal is transformed into wavelet coefficients corresponding to different frequency bands which are vector quantized separately. The proposed implementation uses product code structure for each frequency band. The bit assignment of vector codes is adapted taking into account both the statistics of the wavelet coefficients and the fact that the human ear is less sensitive in the high-frequency bands. Vector quantization design procedures for discrete wavelet transformed speech and simulation results are presented. These results show the efficiency of DWVTQ over discrete wavelet scalar transform quantization (DWSTQ) of the transformed speech, and improvement of the optimal bit allocation in comparison to uniform bit allocation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constitutive expression of osteoclast-stimulating activity by normal clonal osteoblast-like cells: effects of parathyroid hormone and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1992)

Osteoblasts are known to produce osteoclast-stimulating activity (OSA). The aim of the current study was to relate the expression of OSA to the osteoblastic phenotype and examine its regulation by calciotropic hormones. The study was performed with the normal osteoblastic cell clone CRP 10/30 and the preosteoblastic clone CRP 4/7. OSA was determined with the well described isolated osteoclast pit assay, using sperm whale dentine as substrate. In contrast to previous studies, the assay was carried out at pH 7.36, rather than at pH 6.4 or 6.9. The results indicate that over 24 h, CRP 10/30 cells produce constitutively OSA, which compared to controls corresponds to an about 7-fold increase in resorption pits. There was considerably less activity expressed by either CRP 4/7 cells or fibroblasts. OSA proved to be heat labile, and its mol wt was estimated to be over 10 kilodaltons. While PTH-(1-34) did not influence the synthesis of OSA, the number of pits formed by osteoclasts incubated with medium conditioned by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]-treated CRP 10/30 cells was increased 3-fold above baseline values. A similar increase was obtained with 1.25-(OH)2D3 added directly to CRP 10/30-conditioned medium. These results could not be duplicated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 added to either control medium or medium conditioned by CRP 4/7 cells or fibroblasts. The present study shows that normal clonal bone cells synthesize constitutively OSA, which is not regulated by PTH or 1,25-(OH)2D3. Furthermore, the results suggest that the synthesis of bone cell-derived OSA is limited to cells expressing the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Finally, CRP 10/30-conditioned medium appears to permit 1,25-(OH)2D3 to function on osteoclasts.
VLSI implementation of a hardware-optimized lattice reduction algorithm for WiMAX/LTE MIMO detection (2010)

This paper presents the first ASIC implementation of an LR algorithm which achieves ML diversity. The VLSI implementation is based on a novel hardware-optimized LLL algorithm that has 70% lower complexity than the traditional complex LLL algorithm. This reduction is achieved by replacing all the computationally intensive CLLL operations (multiplication, division and square root) with low-complexity additions and comparisons. The VLSI implementation uses a pipelined architecture that produces an LR-reduced matrix every 40 cycles, which is a 60% reduction compared to current implementations. The proposed design was synthesized in both 130μm and 65nm CMOS resulting in clock speeds of 332MHz and 833MHz, respectively. The 65nm result is a 4× improvement over the fastest LR implementation to date. The proposed LR implementation is able to sustain a throughput of 2Gbps, thus achieving the high data rates required by future standards such as IEEE 802.16m (WiMAX) and LTE-Advanced.
Hybrid Feature-Based Diffeomorphic Registration for Tumor Tracking in 2-D Liver Ultrasound Images (2013)

Real-time ultrasound image acquisition is a pivotal resource in the medical community, in spite of its limited image quality. This poses challenges to image registration methods, particularly to those driven by intensity values. We address these difficulties in a novel diffeomorphic registration technique for tumor tracking in series of 2-D liver ultrasound. Our method has two main characteristics: 1) each voxel is described by three image features: intensity, local phase, and phase congruency; 2) we compute a set of forces from either local information (Demons-type of forces), or spatial correspondences supplied by a block-matching scheme, from each image feature. A family of update deformation fields which are defined by these forces, and inform upon the local or regional contribution of each image feature are then composed to form the final transformation. The method is diffeomorphic, which ensures the invertibility of deformations. The qualitative and quantitative results yielded by both synthetic and real clinical data show the suitability of our method for the application at hand.
A Periodate-Cleavable Linker for Functional Proteomics under Slightly Acidic Conditions: Application for the Analysis of Intracellular Aspartic Proteases (2012)

Specific elution of captured proteins greatly improves the quality of proteomic data obtained from pull-downs by avoiding signals from nonspecific proteins, thus allowing more sensitive identification of target proteins. This is important in activity-based proteomics or drug target identification. However, commonly used chemically cleavable linkers can only be cleaved at close to neutral pH, which prevents them from being used for proteins binding only at lower pH when no cross-linking is applied. On the other hand, elution of common acid-cleavable labels can also coelute proteins bound by ionic interactions. Here, we report the synthesis and application of a label readily cleavable by mild oxidation at moderately acidic pH for the noncovalent labeling and pull-down of intracellular aspartic proteases. Using specific release, target proteins cathepsin D and napsin A were identified from human kidney with much higher confidence and without any nontarget hits.
Session Clustering Using Mixtures of Proportional Hazards Models (2008)

Emanating from classical Weibull mixture models we propose a framework for clustering survival data with various proportionality restrictions imposed. By introducing mixtures of Weibull proportional hazards models on a multivariate data set a parametric cluster approach based on the EM-algorithm is carried out. The problem of non-response in the data is considered. The application example is a real life data set stemming from the analysis of a world-wide operating eCommerce application. Sessions are clustered due to the dwell times a user spends on certain page-areas. The solution allows for the interpretation of the navigation behavior in terms of survival and hazard functions. A software implementation by means of an R package is provided. (author´s abstract)
Chemically defined media and the culture of mammalian preimplantation embryos: historical perspective and current issues (2003)

Considerable advances in media development for the culture of preimplantation mammalian embryos have been made since mouse embryos were first cultured and successfully transferred to foster mothers. The purpose of this review is to detail the history of the development of chemically defined media for the culture of preimplantation embryos. Two approaches have been used to determine the composition of chemically defined media: the 'back-to-nature' approach and 'let the embryo choose' or empirical optimization approach. Recent developments, including the supplementation of media with amino acids and the use of sequential media for the extended culture of preimplantation embryos, are critically assessed. Importantly, it is recognized that even the best media currently used are not optimal and inevitably cause imbalances and stress to the embryos. Consequently, preimplantation embryos must adapt to the culture environment in order to survive. The adaptations to stress that occur when embryos are placed in a chemically defined environment are reviewed. The implications of these various stresses on the patterns of gene expression in the early embryo and their potential long-term effects are also emphasized. The scientific and ethical issues raised by the commercialization of human embryo culture media are briefly addressed.
Hope in the Heartland: Chapter 11 Dispositions in Indiana and Southern Illinois, 1990-1996 (1999)

Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code' is under attack.Critics complain that the Chapter 11 process takes too long and yields paltry results.'However, this Article's view is more circumscribed.While Chapter 11 can be used abusively, nothing inherent in its provisions necessitates abusive results.Indeed, if properly used, Chapter 11 is a potent vehicle to achieve positive economic results not otherwise obtainable in our legal system.Such assertions, however, are essentially empirical.In the abstract, the provisions of Chapter 11 seek to 1. Bankruptcy Code, I I U.S.C. 101-1330 (1994).2. A typical complaint is found in the National Bankruptcy Review Commission's Report: [Tihe great majority of Chapter II debtors lack any genuine prospect for reorganization, i.e. fundamentally, business viability [which] is measured in terms of a consistent generation of cash revenue in excess of cash disbursed does not exist.Debtors are not required to make any showing of viability to file Chapter 11 (and the Commission has not proposed the imposition of such a requirement).At the same time, a moribund business generally has little to lose by seeking relief in bankruptcy.By filing under Chapter 11, the debtor gets the immediate benefit of the automatic stay, retains control of the business, and is under no requirement to pay creditors or file a plan promptly.Chapter II thus lures many small business debtors who have no realistic hope of confirming a plan.
Review and Evaluation of Rate Data for Gas Phase Reactions of the N-H System, (1971)

While a number of recent reviews of rate data have been undertaken, there is not a current review of data relating to the N-H system. Reaction rate data for gas phase reactions between species containing nitrogen and hydrogen have been compiled and reviewed. Where sufficient data are available from a number of sources a suggested best-fit reaction rate constant has been derived. Data for these reactions are summarized graphically and discussed separately with general features of the available data noted and needed experimental extensions of the data emphasized. Available data for all reactions considered in the review are tabulated. Motivation for the review is the concurrent experimental investigation of ammonia decomposition using a high temperature flow reactor being developed. (Author)
The Metabolic Profile Test: Its Practicability in Assessing Feeding Management and Periparturient Diseases in High Yielding Commercial Dairy Herds. (2002)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability of using the metabolic profile test (MPT) as a preventive tool for periparturient disease of dairy cows. The MPT was assessed in 79 dairy herds with high incidence of periparturient disease and 76 healthy herds of cows producing more than 8,500 kg 305-day milk yield. The changes in metabolic profiles were also assessed in 17 dairy herds at two times, the first at high incidence of periparturient disease and the second after reduced incidence and improved feeding management. In the herds with high incidence of periparturient disease, low blood values of hematocrit, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, calcium and magnesium were observed in the dry period. These values correctly diagnosed malnutrition as the cause of periparturient diseases. Following feeding management changes, there was a low incidence of periparturient disease and the metabolic profiles were normal showing that feeding management had improved. We concluded that the MPT is a useful tool for assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases of dairy cows.
Gene therapy of brain tumor with endostatin (2004)

Malignant brain tumors are the most vascularized tumors. Despite multimodal treatment approaches, the prognosis remains dismal. Angiogenesis and vascular proliferation are particularly important in the growth and progression of malignant brain tumors and are used as indicators of the degree of malignancy. The continued growth of a brain tumor is dependent on its angiogenic potential. Antiangiogenesis therapy may offer novel strategies for brain tumor therapy. Treatment with Semliki Forest virus-mediated endostatin inhibited the angiogenesis associated with established brain tumors. Gene therapy with endostatin delivered via Semliki Forest virus may be a candidate for the development of a new treatment for brain tumors.
A framework for load control in 3/sup rd/ generation CDMA networks (2002)

In this paper we present a theoretical framework for load control in third-generation CDMA systems and discuss its application with a few examples. Starting with the general transmission model we derive a unified description of resource consumption and system load for the uplink and for the downlink. The basic resources in a CDMA system are the total received power in the uplink and the total transmitted power in the downlink. It turns out that very similar relations can be found for the uplink and for the downlink. In addition to the well-known formulation of the uplink noise rise we introduce the novel concept of downlink power rise to define the system load in the downlink. The impacts of intrinsic system attributes such as loss of orthogonality in the downlink and variable data rate transmission are studied. Moreover, it is shown how the load control theory can be applied to admission control, random access control and dynamic scheduling in UMTS.
The plasticity of the human brain and human potential (1988)

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Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-eluorobenzenethiol and Its Conversion Into Different Heterocycles (1987)

Abstract Heterocycles containing fluorine possess a variety of biological applications and are useful drugs. 5-Fluorouracil and 5-fluorotryptamine are effective drugs used in the treatment of cancer.