gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformation-Insensitive Ambipolar Charge Transport in a Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Co-polymer Containing Acetylene Linkages (2014)

A new donor–acceptor organic semiconducting co-polymer (PDPP-TAT) containing acetylene linkages based on dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (tDPP) has been synthesized and compared with a tDPP-based co-polymer (PDPP-TVT) containing vinylene linkages. The sp-hybridized carbons in the acetylene linkages result in favorable overlap of the electron wave functions of the tDPP units along the main chain. Further, the π-conjugation of PDPP-TAT was found to be highly insensitive to the chain conformation, in contrast to that of PDPP-TVT. As a result, PDPP-TAT provides favorable charge transport for electrons as well as holes, and enables facile charge transport in amorphous and tie-molecular regions connecting its crystalline domains. PDPP-TAT exhibits ambipolar characteristics with a high electron/hole mobility ratio (μe/μh) of ∼0.3 in field-effect transistors, whereas PDPP-TVT exhibits unipolar characteristics with a μe/μh value that is a factor of 30 lower. Our results demonstrate that the conformation sensitivity of charge transport is a vital factor in the electrical performances of actual organic transistor devices.
Live <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> Is Essential for the Inhibitory Effect on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Interleukin-8 Expression (2004)

The mechanism of the apparent anti-inflammatory action of probiotic organisms is unclear. Lactobacillus reuteri is effective in inhibiting colitis in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice. Nerve growth factor (NGF), in addition to its activity on neuronal cell growth, has significant anti-inflammatory effects in several experimental systems in vitro and in vivo, including a model of colitis. Our experiments were designed to explore the mechanism of effect of L. reuteri in the human epithelial cell lines T84 and HT29 on cytokine and NGF synthesis and IL-8 response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Epithelial cells were cultured for various times with live and killed L. reuteri and examined by reverse transcription-PCR for NGF, IL-10, and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 expression. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular IL-8 and secreted product. Western blotting and confocal microscopy were used to determine the effects on IkappaB and NF-kappaB, respectively. Live but not heat-killed or gamma-irradiated L. reuteri upregulated NGF and dose dependently inhibited constitutive synthesis by T84 and HT29 cells of IL-8 and that induced by TNF-alpha in terms of mRNA and intracellular and secreted protein. Similarly, L. reuteri inhibited IL-8 synthesis induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. L. reuteri required preincubation and adherence for effect, inhibited translocation of NF-kappaB to the nuclei of HeLa cells, and prevented degradation of IkappaB. Neither cellular lysates nor media supernatants had any effect on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8. The conclusion is that L. reuteri has potent direct anti-inflammatory activity on human epithelial cells, which is likely to be related to the activity of ingested probiotics. L. reuteri also upregulates an unusual anti-inflammatory molecule, NGF, and inhibits NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus.
Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Processes: Evaluation of Three Synthesis Routes of DMC (2015)

This paper suggested multicriteria based evaluation tool to assess the sustainability of three different reaction routes to dimethyl carbonate: direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol, transesterification of methanol and propylene carbonate, and oxidative carbonylation of methanol. The first two routes are CO 2 ‐based and in a research and development phase, whereas the last one is a commercial process. The set of environmental, social, and economic indicators selected were renewability of feedstock, energy intensity, waste generation, CO 2 balance, yield, feedstock price, process costs, health and safety issues of feedstock, process conditions, and innovation potential. The performance in these indicators was evaluated with the normalized scores from 0 to +1; 0 for detrimental and 1 for favorable impacts. The assessment showed that the transesterification route had the best potential toward sustainability, although there is still much development needed to improve yield. Further, the assessment gave clear understanding of the main benefits of each reaction route, as well as the major challenges to sustainability, which can further aid in orienting development efforts to key issues that need improvement. Finally, it was concluded that a multicriteria analysis such as the one presented in this paper was a viable method to be used in the process design stage.
Conformational difference of T cell antigen receptors revealed by monoclonal antibodies to mouse V beta 5 T cell receptor for antigen determinants (1991)

The mAb MR9-4 and MR9-8 react with T cells expressing the V beta 5.1 and -5.2 chains of the TCR. T cells expressing V beta 5.1 TCR were stained by both antibodies with similar surface fluorescence intensity. For the T cell clones and hybridomas expressing V beta 5.2 TCR, staining intensity with MR9-8 varied from negative to comparable to that stained with the anti-pan V beta 5 mAb MR9-4, whereas every V beta 5-positive T cell can be activated with either MR9-4 or -9-8 mAb, suggesting a differential binding affinity of MR9-8 mAb to V beta 5 TCR molecules. Analysis of J beta segment and V alpha chain usage in the V beta 5-positive T cell hybridomas revealed that a differential binding of MR9-8 mAb to the V beta 5.2 chain is not dependent on either the J beta segment usage or the associating V alpha chain alone. These results suggest that the differential binding of MR9-8 mAb to V beta 5.2 TCR is due to the conformational change of the V beta chain created by a combination of the V alpha (possibly J alpha) and D beta-J beta segment associating with the V beta 5.2 chain.
Simplified Method for Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Foods (1988)

Abstract A simplified method, based on the same principles as the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method for determining total dietary fiber (TDF) (43.A14-43.A20), has been tested on 12 food samples which had been used in other collaborative studies. TDF values obtained in our laboratory for these 2 methods were in good agreement (y = 0.96x + 0.39; r = 0.999). The simplified method uses a single incubation period and only 1 enzyme (amyloglucosidase), and thus yields smaller blank and ash corrections but a higher protein correction.
Tetracyanoethylene Oxide. III. Mechanism of the Addition to Olefins<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetracyanoethylene Oxide. III. Mechanism of the Addition to Olefins1William J. LinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 16, 3665–3672Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01094a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01094a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Necrotizing enterocolitis mortality in the United States, 1979-85. (1989)

The Multiple Cause of Death Mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed to describe epidemiologic characteristics and trends in deaths related to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among infants in the United States from 1979 to 1985. The average annual mortality rate (multiple cause mortality) for NEC was 13.1 deaths per 100,000 live births. NEC annual mortality rates decreased significantly during the study period for White and Black infants, male and female infants, and infants in the Northeast, North Central, and South regions. Black infants were approximately three times more likely to die from NEC than White infants, and the NEC infant mortality rate was highest in the South.
Effect of Blood Sampling, Processing, and Storage on the Measurement of Complement Activation Biomarkers (2015)

The results from this study thus provide crucial guidelines for future investigations using complement biomarkers to define the role of complement system in disease.
Biological Removal of Sulphate from Industrial Effluents and Concomitant Production of Sulphur (1989)

Sulphate wastes, such as sulphate-rich industrial effluents or waste gypsum, present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been evaluated for the treatment of these wastes. In this process, sulphate is converted to H2S when a carbon source, such as molasses is added. A complete mix reactor was used for sulphate reduction to H2S, which was subsequently stripped off in a closed system with either CO2 or nitrogen as carrier gas. The H2S in turn is oxidized to elemental sulphur in the sulphur production stage when it is brought into contact with a ferric solution. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. Strontium, which is present in waste gypsum, is removed partially in the anaerobic stage, and completely in the aerobic stage. It is shown that sulphate wastes can be treated by the biological sulphate process for the production of reusable water and/or the recovery of valuable by-products such as elemental sulphur, sodium bisulphide and heavy metals.
Theoretical analysis of magnetic wall decoupling method for radiative antenna arrays in ultrahigh magnetic field <scp>MRI</scp> (2015)

ABSTRACT Radiative antenna techniques, e.g., dipole and monopole, have been proposed for radiofrequency (RF) coil array designs in ultrahigh field MRI to obtain stronger B 1 field and higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) gain in the areas deep inside human head or body. It is known that element decoupling performance is crucial to SNR and parallel imaging ability of array coil and has been a challenging issue in radiative antenna array designs for MR imaging. Magnetic wall or induced current elimination (ICE) technique has proven to be a simple and effective way of achieving sufficient decoupling for radiative array coils experimentally. In this study, this decoupling technique for radiative coil array was analyzed theoretically and verified by a simulation study. The decoupling conditions were derived and obtained from the theory. By applying the predicated decoupling conditions, the isolation of two radiative elements could be improved from about − 8 dB to better than − 35 dB. The decoupling performance has also been validated by current distribution along the radiative elements and magnetic field profiles in a water phantom. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 183–190, 2015
Learning Semantic Representations of Users and Products for Document Level Sentiment Classification (2015)

Duyu Tang, Bing Qin, Ting Liu. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Novel Consecutive-Pilot Design for Phase Noise Suppression in OFDM System (2009)

In this paper, a novel consecutive-pilot design is proposed to suppress phase noise (PHN) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The estimation of PHN is performed by a cross-correlation between the received and locally generated pilots in frequency-domain. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can effectively ameliorate the impairment due to PHN, at the cost of acceptable additional transmission bandwidth and low implementation complexity.
On the DNA binding protein II from Bacillus stearothermophilus. I. Purification, studies in solution, and crystallization. (1983)

DNA binding protein II from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been purified as a single species from the nonribosomal cell fraction by a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The protein occurs in solution as a tetramer and is able to bind to 30 S, 50 S, and 70 S ribosomal particles. Circular dichroism studies show that the protein has approximately 45% alpha-helix. The secondary structure of the Bacillus protein is considerably more resistant to the effects of increasing temperature and urea concentration than the homologous protein (NS1 and NS2) from Escherichia coli. Proton magnetic resonance experiments show that the protein has a well folded, compact tertiary structure. The DNA binding protein has been crystallized from several precipitants as monoclinic needles and triclinic plates. The monoclinic form diffracts to at least 3.5 A and oscillation data from the native crystals have been collected. The protein is able to bind to both single- and double-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Upon binding, several changes occur in the protein NMR spectrum which may be used for further analysis of the mechanism of interaction.
Novel method for rapid monitoring of lipid oxidation by FTIR spectroscopy using disposable IR cards (2003)

Abstract A new FTIR approach was investigated for assessing edible oil oxidative stability with the use of polymer IR (PIR) cards as sample holders. This approach allows oil oxidation to be monitored at moderate temperatures owing to the fairly rapid rate at which unsaturated oils oxidize on the PIR cards. To assess the FTIR/PIR card method, pure TAG—triolein, trilinolein, and trilinolenin—were loaded onto cards and placed in a chamber where warm air (55°C) flowed over them continuously to facilitate oxidation. At periodic intervals, individual cards were removed and their FTIR spectra scanned, after which they were replaced in the aeration chamber. All spectra were normalized to compensate for variations in PIR card path lengths or oil loadings, and for each card the initial spectrum recorded ( t =0) was subtracted from all subsequent spectra taken over time to produce differential spectra. With the use of a peak‐find algorithm, the absorbance minimum in the cis region (3017–3000 cm −1 ) and the absorbance maxima in the hydroperoxide (3550–3200 cm −1 ), isolated trans (977–957 cm −1 ), and conjugated trans regions (995–983 cm −1 ) were measured in the differential spectra and plotted as a function of time. For all three TAG, the loss of cis double bonds was linearly related to the development of hydroperoxides and isolated trans bonds for much of the oxidation process, whereas for the polyunsaturated TAG a similar relationship also existed for conjugated trans species. Based on experimentally determined hydroperoxide (ROOH) absorbance slope factor (0.06 mAbs/PV), ROOH absorbance changes were converted to PV, allowing direct PV monitoring as a function of time using the PIR cards. Trilinolenin, trilinolein, and triolein attained a PV of 100 mequiv/kg oil after, 43,98, and 2889 min, respectively, their relative reaction rates being similar to ratios published in the literature. The assessment of the FTIR/PIR card method using TAG indicates that it may be a practical and rapid means of oxidizing lipids and tracking their oxidative state in terms of PV so as to provide a measure of their oxidative stability.
SIFT-Realistic Rendering (2013)

3D localization approaches establish correspondences between points in a query image and a 3D point cloud reconstruction of the environment. Traditionally, the dataBase models are created from photographs using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques, which requires large collections of densely sampled images. In this paper, we address the question how point cloud data from terrestrial laser scanners can be used instead to significantly reduce the data collection effort and enable more scalable localization. The key change here is that, in contrast to SfM points, laser-scanned 3D points are not automatically associated with local image features that could be matched to query image features. In order to make this data usable for image-Based localization, we explore how point cloud rendering techniques can be leveraged to create virtual views from which dataBase features can be extracted that match real image-Based features as closely as possible. We propose different rendering techniques for this task, experimentally quantify how they affect feature repeatability, and demonstrate their benefit for image-Based localization.
On the Vector Model for Almost Closed Shells (1934)

cumulative effect, probably successive electron impacts.Somewhat similar but less pronounced differences in the spectrum Ar II have been attributed by Druyvesteyn6 to excitation by electron impact from the neutral atom at low current, and to excitation from the singly charged ion at high current.We can only speculate as to the stages in the present case when the full spectrum appears, but it is possible, from the appearance of the full spectrum in type B stars, that the first stage is a dissociation, and the second ionization and excitation from a neutral oxygen atom in the ground state or one of the two low metastable states.Cumulative processes would be favored by high current, and the absence of certain multiplets at low current may be attributed to failure to excite their initial states in a single act from the neutral molecule as the starting point.At the same time it is difficult to see why a 2G and a 2D term of almost identical value, based on the same state of the core 0 + +, should have such different excitation properties, and, with a less well analysed spectrum, one might be tempted to suppose that the term analysis was at fault.Irrespective of the explanation, the present work serves to emphasize that in seeking to find a standard distribution of intensities in a spectrum such as 0 II,4 the state and degree of dissociation of the molecules has to be taken into account, as well as the factors important in the case of a monatomic gas.Miss D. Scott obtained the spectra with sources (1) and ( 2), and Lock- row's plates were kindly lent by Professor 0. S. Duffendack, whose inter- est in this work is gratefully acknowledged.
Recombinant vs. plasma‐derived products, especially those with intact VWF, regarding inhibitor development (2006)

The development of inhibitors in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with haemophilia A is correlated with a variety of endogenous and exogenous risk factors. It is still controversial whether recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) products pose a higher risk for inhibitor development than plasma-derived (pd) FVIII concentrates, particularly with intact von Willebrand factor (VWF). A systematic review on the epidemiology of inhibitors in haemophilia A investigated the influence of different FVIII products on inhibitor formation. Patients treated with a single pd product had a lower cumulative incidence (0-12.4%) than those treated with a single recombinant concentrate (36.0-38.7%) independent of disease severity, study size, or inhibitor testing frequency. However, this analysis does not take into account the heterogeneity of the study populations. A study investigating the effects of different variables on inhibitor development in PUPs was started 13 years ago by the Paediatric Committee of the German, Austrian and Swiss Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. This prospectively conducted study revealed a slight difference (P = 0.08) in terms of type of concentrate. In the group of severe haemophiliacs treated with pdFVIII concentrate (n = 57), 12 patients developed an inhibitor (21%), whereas 17 of 47 patients receiving rFVIII (36%) were affected by this complication. This observation was substantiated by retrospective Italian and French analyses. These results, as well as hypothetical considerations, indicate that there is a body of evidence that FVIII products with VWF may be less immunogenic in PUPs. However, in order to provide more evidence a well-designed randomized study is needed.
Electrochemical Studies of Carbon Dioxide and Sodium Formate in Aqueous Solutions (1988)

Protonated species such as H3O+ must be minimized in order to obtain favorable conditions for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide or sodium formate in aqueous solutions. Nearly neutral electrolytes that do not function as effective proton donors or acceptors provide an extra 0.3 V potential window for cathodic reactions between the RHE potential and the actual reduction of water molecules. Investigations of NaCOOH on 30 different electrode materials show that the electrochemical reactions of formate are controlled mainly by the adsorption of HCO2- on the electrode surface. Appreciable formate adsorption occurs only for Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au. Evidence for CO2 reduction was observed on precious metals and their alloys such as Pt, Ir, Pd, Pt-Ru alloy and Ru-Ir alloy. The catalytic activity found for precious metals in nearly neutral electrolytes may reflect their favorable adsorption of both carbon dioxide molecules and formate ions.
Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated up-regulation of gastrin receptors and growth of mouse colon tumor in vivo by proglumide, a gastrin receptor antagonist. (1987)

We have recently demonstrated that gastrin stimulates growth of mouse colon cancer (MC-26) in vivo by regulation of gastrin receptors (GR). In the present study, we have tested the effect of proglumide (PGL), a GR antagonist, on the trophic and GR-regulatory effects of gastrin on MC-26 tumors. Four groups of 12 mice each were inoculated with 5 X 10(4) MC-26 cells and given injections of either normal saline (control), pentagastrin (PG), PGL, or both PG + PGL for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, body, tumor, fundic, and colon weights were noted and GR measured. Two types of specific gastrin-binding sites were found on tumor cell membranes of control mice, one with high binding affinity (Kd = less than 1.0 nM) and low capacity (GR), and the other with a very high capacity and a low affinity (Kd = greater than 0.1 microM) (type 2 gastrin-binding sites). Only the type 1 GR were observed on the fundic mucosal and colon membranes. PG treatment resulted in a significant weight increase of the tumors with an up-regulation of only type 1 GR. On the other hand, PG had no significant effect on fundic mucosal and colonic GR levels, but caused a significant increase in fundic mucosal weights. PGL completely inhibited both the trophic and GR up-regulatory effects of PG on tumors, but incompletely reduced the PG-stimulated fundic mucosal weight gain, indicating differential sensitivity of tumor and normal tissues to PGL. PGL, in the absence of PG, was slightly trophic for normal fundic mucosa, but had no effect on MC-26 tumors and normal colon. The one striking effect of PGL, in the presence of PG, was the significant lowering of the binding affinity of type 1 GR for gastrin on both the tumor and normal gastrointestinal tissues. This effect may be another mechanism by which PGL interferes with the actions of PG on MC-26 tumors and fundic mucosa of mice.