gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new method to find the direction of radar signal (2002)

The new method is called single-channel electroscan quasi-monopulse direction finding (DF) technique. It adopts the electroscan to control the commutation of the directional beams to obtain the directional pulse amplitude (PA) information. The PA/sub 0/ from an omni-directional channel is taken as a reference. The process of the PA difference among the directional beams is based on constant difference PA principle. By consulting the RF-/spl Delta/PA-DOA (direction of arrival) table in the memory, the direction of radar signal is obtained. The advantages of the method are synthesized from multi-beam, PA comparison and electroscan DF techniques. Thus the system configuration is optimized, the cost is reduced and the performance is enhanced.
Patch Management Security (2005)

NORSK:\nDenne Master rapporten fokuserer på sikkerhetsaspektet ved installering av patcher,\nog vi foreslår en metodikk for å kunne sikre at denne prosessen blir utført uten tap av\nnoen av de implementerte sikkerhetsmekanismene.\nVi kan nesten hver dag observere på internet-siter at en av de største\nsoftwareleverandørene får mye kritikk for den store mengden av patcher de utgir, og\nfor den høye frekvensen av oppdagelse av sikkerhetsrelaterte sårbarheter i produktene\nderes. Generelt sett er det klart at økning av sårbarheter kan kunne føre til høyere\neksponering av systemene, og høyere eksponering fører til høyere sannsynlighet for at\nde blir angrepet. Dett er en av de mange grunnene til å implementere en Patch\nMangagement strategi som er tilpasset organisasjonen.\nMen prosedyrene i flere av de offentlige standardene omkring Patch Management\nstrategi fokuserer ikke nok på sikkerhet generelt. Hvis denne jobben blir utført uten å\nopprettholde sikkerheten, kan det føre til sårbare konfigurasjoner og svekke\nsikkerheten til systemene. Faktum er at antallet patcher øker hvert år, og hvis\ninstalleringen av disse medfører situasjoner som svekker sikkerheten kan dette føre til\nenda et område for utnyttelse av angripere og ondsinnede brukere.\nSpørsmålet var hvordan vi kunne tilpasse en metode som fokuserer på sikkerhet i\nPatch Management prosedyrene, og hvordan dette kunne ivareta sikkerheten under\nvurderingen om å installere patchene.\nAvgjørelsen var å tilføre et steg i Patch Management prosedyren. Dette steget\nfokuserer på å kartlegge sikkerhetsmekanismene basert på data innhentet fra tidligere\nsteg i Patch Management prosessen. Metoden som ble valgt var å utføre en\nundersøkelse for konnektivitet1 for alle sikkerhetsrelaterte mekanismer for systemene,\nog samle denne informasjonen for å utføre en kartlegging av disse mekanismenes\nkonnektivitet som en topologisk graf. Dette steget er støttet av våre metrikker for\nfastsetting av host-, og nettverksbaserte sikkerhetsmekanismer. For å samle\ninformasjon omkring undersøkelsen, er behovet for korrekte og pålitelige data fra de\ntidligere stegene essensielt, og til denne delen har vi også utviklet metrikker som\nomhandler registrering av utstyr og utførelse av sårbarhets scanning.\nTil slutt foreslår vi en forbedret Patch Management strategi som implementerer vår\nkonneketivitets-metodikk.
Novel ω-Conotoxins from Conus catus Discriminate among Neuronal Calcium Channel Subtypes (2000)

omega-Conotoxins selective for N-type calcium channels are useful in the management of severe pain. In an attempt to expand the therapeutic potential of this class, four new omega-conotoxins (CVIA-D) have been discovered in the venom of the piscivorous cone snail, Conus catus, using assay-guided fractionation and gene cloning. Compared with other omega-conotoxins, CVID has a novel loop 4 sequence and the highest selectivity for N-type over P/Q-type calcium channels in radioligand binding assays. CVIA-D also inhibited contractions of electrically stimulated rat vas deferens. In electrophysiological studies, omega-conotoxins CVID and MVIIA had similar potencies to inhibit current through central (alpha(1B-d)) and peripheral (alpha(1B-b)) splice variants of the rat N-type calcium channels when coexpressed with rat beta(3) in Xenopus oocytes. However, the potency of CVID and MVIIA increased when alpha(1B-d) and alpha(1B-b) were expressed in the absence of rat beta(3), an effect most pronounced for CVID at alpha(1B-d) (up to 540-fold) and least pronounced for MVIIA at alpha(1B-d) (3-fold). The novel selectivity of CVID may have therapeutic implications. (1)H NMR studies reveal that CVID possesses a combination of unique structural features, including two hydrogen bonds that stabilize loop 2 and place loop 2 proximal to loop 4, creating a globular surface that is rigid and well defined.
A new rheological method to measure fluidity change of blood during coagulation: Application to in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability of artificial materials (1985)

In order to attempt in vitro evaluation of antithrombogenecity for materials of artificial blood vessel tube, a new type of rheometer was developed. The rheometer originally consists of a cylindrical tube suspended from a torsion wire and filled with blood. The tube is excited in torsional oscillation and subsequent damped oscillation is observed. The apparatus can sensitively follow the change of fluidity during coagulation of blood. The damped oscillation curves during coagulation for fibrinogen - thrombin solution and blood put in a cylindrical tube made of the artificial material were measured. For fibrinogen - thrombin solution with lower fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, the values of logarithmic damping factor (LDF) during coagulation increased and then decreased through a maximum. For blood and fibrinogen-thrombin solution with the higher concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, LDF monotonously decreased with the progress of coagulation. With a glass tube, the decrease of LDF for whole blood taken without anticoagulant rapidly occurred within about 15 min after sampling, while, with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE; Goar tex) and polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) tubes, the decrease of LDF proceeds over 40-60 min. The present method is probably available for in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability or antithrombogenecity of artificial materials.
12 Gsample/s wavelength division samplinganalogue-to-digital converter (2000)

A 12 Gsample/s optoelectronic analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) based on wavelength division sampling and demultiplexing is presented. A wavelength-selective true-time-delay device generates a continuous-time 12 Gsample/s pulse train. The pulse train samples the analogue electrical signal in an electro-optic modulator. The samples are demultiplexed using a passive optical filter, and digitised using three 4 Gsample/s electronic digitisers.
Interaction of the Post-transition Metal Ions and New Macrocycles in Solution (1993)

Complexation of ions with four cryptands were studied by potentiometry and solution calorimetry in various weight percent methanol-aqueous solvent at 25C under free nitrogen atmosphere. The stabilities of the complexes were dependent on the cavity size of macrocycles. The ion stability constants are higher than those of ion. All the cryptands formed complexes having 1 : 1 (metal to ligand) mole-ratio except for (cryptand 1,2b: 3,5-benzo-9,14,17-trioxa-1,7-diazabicyclo-(8,5,5) heptadecane) and (cryptand 2,2b: 3,5-benzo-10,13,18,21-tetraoxa-1,7-diazabicyclo (8,5,5) eicosane) complexes. complex was a sandwitch type, and the complex showed two stepwise reactions. Thermodynamic parameters of the complex were , -7.28 Kcal/mol , and , -4.62 Kcal/mol , respectively, for 1 : 1 and 2: 1 mole-ratio. The sequences of the selectivity were increased in the order of $Hg^{2+}\;>Pb^{2+}\;>Cd^{2+}$ ion for macrocycles, and the -macrocycle has a selectivity for ion relative to ions. Thus, it is expected that the can be used as carrier for seperation of the post transition metals by macrocycles-mediated liquid membrane because is not soluble in water, and the difference of stability constants of the metal complexes with are large as compared with the other transition metal complexes. The studies indicated that the nitrogen atoms of cryptands have greater affinity to the post transition metal ions than the oxygen atoms, and that the planarities of the macrocycles were lost by complexation with the metal ions because of the perturbation of ring current of benzene molecule attached to macrocycles and counter-anions.
Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the gene encoding prepro‐polygalacturonasell of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1990)

PolygalacturonaseII of Aspergillus niger was fragmented using CNBr and the NH2-terminal fragment and another fragment were partially sequenced. The polygalacturonaseII (pgaII) gene was then isolated by using an oligonucleotide mixture based on the internal amino acid sequence as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the pgaII structural gene was determined. It was found that polygalacturonaseII is synthesized as a precursor having an NH2-terminal prepro-sequence of 27 amino acids. The cloned gene was used to construct polygalacturonaseII over-producing A. niger strains. PolygalacturonaseII was isolated from one such strain and was determined to be correctly processed and to be fully active.
Real-time observations of single bacteriophage λ DNA ejections <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

The physical, chemical, and structural features of bacteriophage genome release have been the subject of much recent attention. Many theoretical and experimental studies have centered on the internal forces driving the ejection process. Recently, Mangenot et al. [Mangenot S, Hochrein M, Rädler J, Letellier L (2005) Curr Biol 15:430-435.] reported fluorescence microscopy of phage T5 ejections, which proceeded stepwise between DNA nicks, reaching a translocation speed of 75 kbp/s or higher. It is still unknown how high the speed actually is. This paper reports real-time measurements of ejection from phage lambda, revealing how the speed depends on key physical parameters such as genome length and ionic state of the buffer. Except for a pause before DNA is finally released, the entire 48.5-kbp genome is translocated in approximately 1.5 s without interruption, reaching a speed of 60 kbp/s. The process gives insights particularly into the effects of two parameters: a shorter genome length results in lower speed but a shorter total time, and the presence of divalent magnesium ions (replacing sodium) reduces the pressure, increasing ejection time to 8-11 s. Pressure caused by DNA-DNA interactions within the head affects the initiation of ejection, but the close packing is also the dominant source of friction: more tightly packed phages initiate ejection earlier, but with a lower initial speed. The details of ejection revealed in this study are probably generic features of DNA translocation in bacteriophages and have implications for the dynamics of DNA in other biological systems.
Regulation of the Physical Characteristics of Titania Nanotube Aggregates Synthesized from Hydrothermal Treatment (2004)

Titania nanotube aggregates with different porosities were prepared from hydrothermal treatment on commercial TiO2 particles in NaOH followed by HCl washing. Pore structure analysis reflects that pores of smaller sizes are mainly contributed by the nanotubes while those of larger sizes are contributed by the interspace region of the aggregates. The hydrothermal treatment temperature, ranging within 110−150 °C, was shown to affect not only the extent of particle-to-sheet conversion, and thus the resulting structures of the nanotubes, but also the anatase-to-rutile transformation at high temperatures. The surface area of the nanotube aggregates increases with the treatment temperature to reach a maximum of ca. 400 m2/g at 130 °C, and then decreases with further increase of the temperature. In HCl washing, both the charge-removal rate and final state of the electrostatic charges on TiO2 affect the rolling of TiO2 sheets into nanotubes. This demonstrates that the nanotube structure can be regulated by adjusting the washing condition. Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 has been conducted to prove that the vast surface of the nanotube aggregates is accessible to the interacting molecules.
The effect of a green and blue monochromatic light combination on broiler growth and development (2004)

Previous reports have suggested that green light enhances broiler growth at an early age, whereas blue light enhances growth at older ages. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a switch in monochromatic light at 2 ages on growth and development of broilers. Male chicks (Anak, n = 640) were used. After hatch, chicks were weighed, wing-banded, and blocked into treatment groups. Chicks were grown in 1-m2 pens in 8 isolated light-proof rooms (20 birds/pen). The light treatments were (1) Control white (mini-incandescent lamps), 2) blue light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, 3) green LED lamps, 4) blue LED switching to green at 10 d of age, 5) blue LED switching to green at 20 d of age, 6) green LED switching to blue at 10 d of age, and 7) green LED switching to blue at 20 d of age. There were 8 pens for treatment 1, and 4 pens for each of the other treatments. The light schedule was 23L:1D, and intensity was 0.1 watts/m2. BW and feed consumption were recorded. Green light birds were significantly heavier at 4 d of age. Switching light at 10 d of age from green to blue caused a further increase in BW. This improved growth was maintained until the end of the experiment. Light switching from blue to green at 20 d of age also improved growth as compared with white light. Average feed efficiency and mortality rate did not differ between groups. No association was observed among light treatment, performance, and plasma triiodothyronine concentration. We suggest that green light stimulated growth of birds at early age, and shifting birds to a different light environment at 10 or 20 d of age might further stimulate growth.
Degradation Studies on Tubular Metal Supported SOFC (2009)

The stability of tubular metal supported SOFC has been studied as a function of current load, thermal cycles and interconnect-sealing concepts. Long term testing under applied current at 800ºC have been performed over 1000 hours on standard cells. Thermal cycles have been proven intensely (250 cycles) during over 700 hours. Major cause for degradation has been identified in terms of the anode interconnect-sealing design, which involves specific handling and machining of tubes and generation of initial submicron cracks. Cell microstructure seems stable after 1000 hours testing at 300 mA/cm2 and 800ºC.
BTN3A molecules considerably improve Vγ9Vδ2T cells-based immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

Given their recognized ability to kill acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are of growing interest in the design of new strategies of immunotherapy. We show that the Butyrophilin3A (BTN3A, CD277) subfamily is a critical determinant of Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-mediated recognition of human primary AML blasts <i>ex vivo</i>. Moreover, anti-BTN3A 20.1 agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can trigger BTN3A on AML blasts leading to further enhanced Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated killing, but this mAb had no enhancing effect upon NK cell-mediated killing. We show that monocytic differentiation of primary AML blasts accounts for their AminoBisphosphonate (N-BP)-mediated sensitization to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In addition, anti-BTN3A 20.1 mAbs could specifically sensitize resistant blasts to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells lysis and overcome the poor effect of N-BP treatment on those blasts. We confirmed the enhancement of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activity by anti-BTN3A 20.1 mAb using a human AML xenotransplantation mouse model. We showed that anti-BTN3A 20.1 mAb combined with Vγ9Vδ2 T cells immunotherapy could increase animal survival and decrease the leukemic burden in blood and bone marrow. These findings could be of great interest in the design of new immunotherapeutic strategies for treating AML.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarin-Based Inhibitors of NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) (2009)

The synthesis is reported here of two novel series of inhibitors of human NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), an enzyme overexpressed in several types of tumor cell. The first series comprises substituted symmetric dicoumarol analogues; the second series contains hybrid compounds where one 4-hydroxycoumarin system is replaced by a different aromatic moiety. Several compounds show equivalent or improved NQO1 inhibition over dicoumarol, both in the presence and in the absence of added protein. Further, correlation is demonstrated between the ability of these agents to inhibit NQO1 and computed binding affinity. We have solved the crystal structure of NQO1 complexed to a hybrid compound and find good agreement with the in silico model. For both MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells, dicoumarol shows the greatest toxicity of all compounds. Thus, we provide a computational, synthetic, and biological platform to generate competitive NQO1 inhibitors with superior pharmacological properties to dicoumarol. This will allow a more definitive study of NQO1 activity in cells, in particular, its drug activating/detoxifying properties and ability to modulate oncoprotein stability.
Experimental design and analysis for psychology (2009)

PRESS Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford
Metabolic and Bactericidal Effects of Targeted Suppression of NadD and NadE Enzymes in Mycobacteria (2014)

To address the problems of M. tuberculosis drug resistance and persistence of tuberculosis, new classes of drug targets need to be explored. The biogenesis of NAD cofactors was selected for target validation because of their indispensable role in driving hundreds of biochemical transformations. We hypothesized that the disruption of NAD production in the cell via genetic suppression of the essential enzymes (NadD and NadE) involved in the last two steps of NAD biogenesis would lead to cell death, even under dormancy conditions. In this study, we confirmed the hypothesis using a protein knockdown approach in the model system of Mycobacterium smegmatis. We showed that induced proteolytic degradation of either target enzyme leads to depletion of the NAD cofactor pool, which suppresses metabolic flux through numerous NAD(P)-dependent pathways of central metabolism of carbon and energy production. Remarkably, bactericidal effect was observed even for nondividing bacteria cultivated under carbon starvation conditions.
Epithelial cell guidance by self-generated EGF gradients (2012)

Cancer epithelial cells often migrate away from the primary tumor to invade into the surrounding tissues. Their migration is commonly assumed to be directed by pre-existent spatial gradients of chemokines and growth factors in the target tissues. Unexpectedly however, we found that the guided migration of epithelial cells is possible in vitro in the absence of pre-existent chemical gradients. We observed that both normal and cancer epithelial cells can migrate persistently and reach the exit along the shortest path from microscopic mazes filled with uniform concentrations of media. Using microscale engineering techniques and biophysical models, we uncovered a self-guidance strategy during which epithelial cells generate their own guiding cues under conditions of biochemical confinement. The self-guidance strategy depends on the balance between three interdependent processes: epidermal growth factor (EGF) uptake by the cells (U), the restricted transport of EGF through the structured microenvironment (T), and cell chemotaxis toward the resultant EGF gradients (C). The UTC self-guidance strategy can be perturbed by inhibition of signalling through EGF-receptors and appears to be independent from chemokine signalling. Better understanding of the UTC self-guidance strategy could eventually help devise new ways for modulating epithelial cell migration and delaying cancer cell invasion or accelerating wound healing.
[Changed levels of substance P and somatostatin in HIV-positive children]. (1993)

Substance P (sP) and Somatostatin (SOM), so as other neuropeptides can modulate neurologic and immunologic functions. sP has been described to enhance both in vitro and in vivo immunoglobulin synthesis. On the contrary, SOM has an inhibitory effect on the same activity. The modulating effect is more evident on IgA isotype. Hypergammaglobulinemia and in particular high levels of IgA is a common finding in pediatric AIDS and an imbalance among regulatory effects of neuropeptides might be suggested. In order to evaluate the plasma levels of sP in pediatric AIDS we studied 15 children with HIV infection (status P2), 10 seronegative children born to HIV positive mothers and 10 healthy children of the same age. All the HIV positive children had high plasma levels of IgG and IgA. The plasma level of sP was extremely higher in HIV positive children while no significant difference was found between seronegative children born to HIV positive mothers and healthy children. SOM was decreased in HIV positive children when compared to control groups but a significant difference was not reached. It might be supposed that HIV infection, through a dysregulation among neuropeptides interferes on immune functions and in particular on IgA synthesis. On the other hand it might be suggested that the imbalance between sP and SOM depends on the viral infection of immune cells since it has been demonstrated that SOM and other neuropeptide are synthesized by lymphoid tissue. Further studied relevance of neuropeptide disorders in pediatric AIDS.
Large-Scale Variability Characterization and Robust Design Techniques for Nanoscale SRAM (2009)

Continued increase in the process variability is perceived to be a major roadblock for future technology scaling. Its impact is particularly pronounced in large memory arrays due to both the utilization of minimum sized transistors and their extremely large data capacity. In order to enable the continued scaling of the next-generation embedded SRAM, the ability to monitor and characterize, on-chip, the variations in SRAM functionality and performance becomes critical for both gaining a deeper understanding of the sources of variability and for developing more robust circuits and topologies. This work presents a methodology to characterize, directly, the impact of process variability on the functionality of large SRAM-based cache memories - capable of collecting massive silicon data at little hardware and/or design overhead. In addition, a thorough investigation of various SRAM read stability and writeability metrics, including the proposed large-scale design metrics, is conducted to further understand the utility of each metric for SRAM yield prediction. The large-scale characterization methodology is validated on two different test chips, fabricated in an early commercial low-power 45nm CMOS process. This method can be easily extended to capture more than 6 standard deviations of parameter variations by increasing the SRAM array size, and therefore can serve as a valuable addition to the next-generation SRAM development vehicle.The enablement of future SRAM scaling will require technology and circuit co-design. The FinFET technology is particularly attractive for nanoscale SRAM design not only for its reduced &sigma;<sub>VTH</sub> and better control of the short channel effects (SCE), but also for the architectural flexibility enabled by its unique independently-gated (IG) operation. New bitcell designs are presented to take advantage of this IG operation in the form of a dynamic pass-gate feedback (PGFB). It is shown that the IG FinFET design using dynamic PGFB can both dramatically enhance the read stability of a 6-T SRAM cell and enable the practical design of a 4-T SRAM cell. While increased variability presents a formidable challenge for future SRAM scaling, the presented methodologies, both in testing and design, can facilitate its continuation.