gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Becoming an entrepreneur: A participant's perspective (2000)

A single case study of a student was elaborated upon to illustrate the process of change through education. By choosing to study a graduate who had minimal background preparation and minimal interest in entrepreneurship before the education programme, the researchers have attempted to address some of the limits of change possible through entrepreneurship education. A structured interview was used to provide the initial ‘before and after’ account, after which extended and repeated probing was employed as the primary tool for exploring the personal development process involved. The case history was then used as a basis for developing a model of personal development required to make the transition from non-entrepreneur to entrepreneur. This case study was further intended to illustrate some of the relative merits of conducting in-depth case analysis over survey research in the domain of entrepreneurship education. Without in-depth case studies of individuals it is hard to know how much entrepreneurship programmes can change individuals. The possibility remains that entrepreneurship programmes just take potential entrepreneurs and give them a few more tools. Case studies of the change process can provide educators with a more complete understanding not only of what changes are possible within the confines of an education programme, but also of what programme interventions are more likely to produce the desired changes.
Isomeric Cyclic Disilanediyl Dimethylhydrazines (1998)

Hydrogen-rich isomeric cyclosilazanes are preparedas single-source precursors for silicon nitrideby reaction of 1,1- and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyloxy]disilane, Tf−SiH2−SiH2−Tf. The molecular structure of N,N‘-bis(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrasilapiperazine (1) indicates peripheral Me2N → SiH2 dative bonding.
Assembly of MreB Filaments on Liposome Membranes: A Synthetic Biology Approach (2011)

The physical interaction between the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane is essential in defining the morphology of living organisms. In this study, we use a synthetic approach to polymerize bacterial MreB filaments inside phospholipid vesicles. When the proteins MreB and MreC are expressed inside the liposomes, the MreB cytoskeleton structure develops at the inner membrane. Furthermore, when purified MreB is used inside the liposomes, MreB filaments form a 4-10 μm rigid bundle structure and deform the lipid vesicles in physical contact with the vesicle inner membrane. These results indicate that the fibrillation of MreB filaments can take place either in close proximity of deformable lipid membrane or in the presence of associated protein. Our finding might be relevant for the self-assembly of cytoskeleton filaments toward the construction of artificial cell systems.
A novel method of encapsulating and cultivating adherent mammalian cells within collagen microcarriers (2007)

A novel method of preparing collagen microcarriers was developed and used to entrap adherent cells for cell culturing. This new technique involved seeding of cells in micro gel beads comprised of collagen fibrils dispersed in alginate. The gel beads were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to remove alginate and the resulting microspheres, about 300-500 microm in diameter, contained evenly distributed collagen fibrils which provided a 3D biomimetic environment for cell growth. The applicability of this microencapsulating system was demonstrated by its ability to support the growth of C2C12 myoblast cells. When seeded and cultured within the 3D collagen microcarriers, the population of C2C12 cells entrapped within the microcarriers increased by 1.5 folds in 7 days after inoculation. This encapsulation technique is potentially useful for culturing cells and especially useful for adherent cells that require a 3D fibrillar collagen environment.
Responses of human visual cortex to uniform surfaces (2004)

Surface perception is fundamental to human vision, yet most studies of visual cortex have focused on the processing of borders. We therefore investigated the responses of human visual cortex to parametric changes in the luminance of uniform surfaces by using functional MRI. Early visual areas V1 and V2/V3 showed strong and reliable increases in signal for both increments and decrements in surface luminance. Responses were significantly larger for decrements than for increments, which was fully accounted for by differences in retinal illumination arising from asymmetric pupil dynamics. Responses to both sustained and transient changes of illumination were transient. Signals in early visual cortex scaled linearly with the magnitude of change in retinal illumination, as did subjects' subjective ratings of the perceived brightness of the stimuli. Our findings show that early visual cortex responds strongly to surfaces and that perception of surface brightness is compatible with brain responses at the earliest cortical stages of processing.
Rosemary Extract and Essential Oil as Drink Ingredients: An Evaluation of Their Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antioxidant Properties (2021)

<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. (rosemary) is in high demand in the food and drink industries due to its distinct organoleptic properties. With the aim of evaluating the rosemary leaves as drink ingredients, both the essential oil and alcoholic (38%, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) extract were studied in terms of chemical composition, genotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. GC-MS analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in the essential oil were eucalyptol (40.1%), camphor (12.4%), and α-pinene (12.9%). LC-MS analysis revealed gallocatechin and rosmarinic acid as the main extract ingredients. Both the essential oil and the extract were not genotoxic (Ames test) against TA98 and TA100 at the dilutions of 5% and 90%, respectively; those dilutions were selected as the maximum possible ones in the drink industry. Their activity was investigated against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and Adenovirus 35. Both were effective against Adenovirus and <i>A. niger</i>, even the essential oil at 5% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>). The extract at dilutions of 25-90% had more pronounced activity against tested bacteria than the essential oil at the dilutions of 5-100%; the essential oil at the dilution of 5% inhibited <i>S. aureus</i> growth. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid decolorization assay, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Both exhibited good antioxidant activity, but rosemary essential oil was far more effective than the extract. Our results demonstrate that rosemary essential oil and extract are safe and have beneficial biological properties. Therefore, they could serve as health-promoting ingredients in the drink industry.
Numerical Simulation of Barite Sag in Pipe and Annular Flow (2017)

With the ever increasing global energy demand and diminishing petroleum reserves, current advances in drilling technology have resulted in numerous directional wells being drilled as operators strive to offset the ever-rising operating costs. In as much as deviated-well drilling allows drillers to exploit reservoir potential by penetrating the pay zone in a horizontal, rather than vertical, fashion, it also presents conditions under which the weighting agents can settle out of suspension. The present work is categorized into two parts. In the first part, governing equations were built inside a two-dimensional horizontal pipe geometry and the finite element method utilized to solve the equation-sets. In the second part, governing equations were built inside a three-dimensional horizontal annular geometry and the finite volume method utilized to solve the equation-sets. The results of the first part of the simulation are the solid concentration, mixture viscosity, and a prediction of the barite bed characteristics. For the second part, simulation results show that the highest occurrence of barite sag is at low annular velocities, nonrotating drill pipe, and eccentric drill pipe. The CFD approach in this study can be utilized as a research study tool in understanding and managing the barite sag problem.
Non-Uniformity Induced Artifacts in Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (1983)

Changes of gamma camera uniformity due to choice of flood source configuration and camera head orientation, and influence of these changes on the reconstructed image, have been analysed using phantom measurements. The transfer of defects in the projection data to the reconstructed image has also been investigated using computer simulations. The results indicate that the use of gamma cameras for emission computed tomography will impose higher demands on gamma camera uniformity than conventional scintigraphy.
To Be Bernoulli or to Be Gaussian, for a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (2014)

We introduce a method that automatically selects appropriate RBM types according to the visible unit distribution. The distribution of a visible unit strongly depends on a dataset. For example, binary data can be considered as pseudo binary distribution with high peaks at 0 and 1. For real-value data, the distribution can be modeled by single Gaussian model or Gaussian mixture model. Our proposed method selects appropriate RBM according to the distribution of each unit. We employ the Gaussian mixture model to determine whether the visible unit distribution is the pseudo binary or the Gaussian mixre. According to this distribution, we can select a Bernoulli-Bernoulli RBM(BBRBM) or a Gaussian-Bernoulli RBM(GBRBM). Furthermore, we employ normalization process to obtain a smoothed Gaussian mixture distribution. This allowed us to reduce variations such as illumination changes in the input data. After experimentation with MNIST, CBCL and our own dataset, our proposed method obtained the best recognition performance and further shortened the convergence time of the learning process.
Organization of Photosystem I Polypeptides (Identification of PsaB Domains That May Interact with PsaD) (1995)

PsaA and PsaB are homologous integral membrane-proteins that form the heterodimeric core of photosystem i (PSI). We used subunit-deficient PSI complexes from the mutant strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to examine interactions between PsaB and other PSI subunits. Incubation of the wild-type PSI with thermolysin yielded 22-kD C-terminal fragments of PsaB that were resistant to further proteolysis. Modification of the wild-type PSI with N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin and subsequent cleavage by thermolysin showed that the lysyl residues in the 22-kD C-terminal domain were inaccessible to modification by N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin. The absence of PsaE, PsaF, PsaI, PsaJ, or PsaL facilitated accumulation of 22-kD C-terminal fragments of PsaB but did not alter their resistance to further proteolysis. When the PsaD-less PSI was treated with thermolysin, the 22-kD C-terminal fragments of PsaB were rapidly cleaved, with concomitant accumulation of a 16-kD fragment and then a 3.4-kD one. We mapped the N termini of these fragments by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and the C termini from their positive reaction with an antibody against the C-terminal peptide of PsaB. The cleavage sites were proposed to be in the extramembrane loops on the cytoplasmic side. Western blot analyses showed resistance of PsaC and PsaI to proteolysis prior to cleavage of the 22-kD fragments. Therefore, we propose that PsaD shields two extramembrane loops of PsaB and protects the C-terminal domain of PsaB from in vitro proteolysis.
Crystal structures of hen egg-white lysozyme complexes with gadolinium(III) and gadolinium(III)-<i>N</i>-acetyl-<scp>d</scp>-glucosamine (1979)

Analysis at 0.25 nm resolution of the crystal structures of lysozyme-Gd(III) and lysozyme-Gd(III)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNac), prepared by diffusion methods, show that there are two main binding positions for Gd(III), one of which is close to glutamic acid-35 and the other close to aspartic acid-52. The two sites are 0.36 nm part. There is no evidence for the weak binding of Gd(III) to any of the eight other carboxy groups of lysozyme. In the presence of Gd(III), the binding of GlcNac is similar to that observed for the binding of the beta-anomer in subsite C. There are numerous small conformational changes in the protein on binding (Gd(III) and the sugar, and these have been quantified to a first approximation by real-space refinement. These changes are similar in both structures, and involve, among other small movements, shifts of one of the disulphide bridges by up to 0.05 nm. The movement of residues 70--74 observed in the binary complex of lysozyme-GlcNac [Perkins, Johnson, Machin & Phillips (1978) Biochem. J. 173-617] is not observed in the ternary complex of lysozyme-Gd(III)-GlcNac. The nature of the lysozyme-Gd(III) complex is discussed in the light of evidence from other crystallographic studies and n.m.r. solution studies. Preliminary findings for a lysozyme-Gd(III) complex prepared by co-crystallization methods are reported.
Phosphorene FETs &#x2014; Promising transistors based on a few layers of phosphorus atoms (2015)

This paper reviews the emergence and progress of phosphorene FETs, all within about a year. In such a short time, back-gated FETs evolved into top-gated FETs, gate length was reduced to the sub-micron range, passivation by high-k dielectrics or hexagonal boron nitride was demonstrated with temporal, thermal and mechanical stability, ohmic contact was achieved down to cryogenic temperatures, and cutoff frequencies was pushed above 10 GHz. These and other attractive characteristics of phosphorene promise the phosphorene FET to be a viable candidate for current-generation flexible electronics as well as future-generation ultra-thin-body low-power-consumption high-speed and high-frequency transistors.
Recombinant human natural autoantibodies against GPIIb/IIIa inhibit binding of autoantibodies from patients with AITP (1998)

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is caused by autoantibodies predominantly against platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX. Naturally occurring autoantibodies have been described against a variety of autoantigens; it has been suggested that perturbation of their regulation may be associated with autoimmune diseases. Using a combinatorial Fab phagemid library from an individual immunized with human RhD+ red blood cells, we evaluated the presence of natural anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies as well as their relation to AITP-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies. Selection on native GPIIb/IIIa and characterization of positive clones by inhibition studies against murine monoclonal anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies and by DNA analysis revealed the presence of two distinct recombinant anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies, which partially inhibited binding of affinity-purified platelet-associated autoantibodies from 8/12 AITP patients. Our results demonstrated that GPIIb/IIIa-specific Fab directed against conformational epitopes within the GPIIb/IIIa complex may be cloned from the genome of an individual immunized with RhD+ red blood cells, who was not affected by AITP. The partial inhibition of binding of platelet-associated autoantibodies from AITP patients to GPIIb/IIIa by the recombinant anti-GPIIb/IIIa phage clones suggests recognition of closely related antigenic epitopes. These phage clones may represent down-regulated, potentially pathological autoantibodies and could be used as new tools for investigation of AITP.
Optical Proximity Correction Methodology to Counteract Mask Error Effects in Sub-0.25 µm Lithography Generations (1998)

A new methodology for optical proximity correction design is required for sub-0.25 µm device generation, to predict and counteract mask error effects. We applied a new concept of virtual mask technology to design an optical proximity correction (OPC), which involves adding a small dummy mask pattern on a simulation mask layout, to realize mask error effect. The aerial image simulation results for the new methodology suggested a totally different type of OPC. Experimental results were more accurately predicted by the new methodology than the old methodology. For 0.25 µm features hammerhead OPC shows much improved results of intra-field CD uniformity of 20 nm, of 3 sigma, and wide usable process window of 14% exposure latitude and 0.8 µm depth of focus, compared with serif OPC that was selected by the old methodology. This new methodology with virtual mask technology will be applied to sub-0.25 µm generations.
Controlling contamination in Mo/Si multilayer mirrors by Si surface capping modifications (2002)

The performance of Mo/Si multilayer mirrors (MLMs) used to reflect UV (EUV) radiation in an EUV + hydrocarbon (NC) vapor environment can be improved by optimizing the silicon capping layer thickness on the MLM in order to minimize the initial buildup of carbon on MLMs. Carbon buildup is undesirable since it can absorb EUV radiation and reduce MLM reflectivity. A set of Mo/Si MLMs deposited on Si wafers was fabricated such that each MLM had a different Si capping layer thickness ranging form 2 nm to 7 nm. Samples from each MLM wafer were exposed to a combination of EUV light + (HC) vapors at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron in order to determine if the Si capping layer thickness affected the carbon buildup on the MLMs. It was found that the capping layer thickness had a major influence on this 'carbonizing' tendency, with the 3 nm layer thickness providing the best initial resistance to carbonizing and accompanying EUV reflectivity loss in the MLM. The Si capping layer thickness deposited on a typical EUV optic is 4.3 nm. Measurements of the absolute reflectivities performed on the Calibration and Standards beamline at the ALS indicated the EUV reflectivity of the 3 nm-capped MLM was actually slightly higher than that of the normal, 4 nm Si-capped sample. These results show that he use of a 3 nm capping layer represents an improvement over the 4 nm layer since the 3 nm has both a higher absolute reflectivity and better initial resistance to carbon buildup. The results also support the general concept of minimizing the electric field intensity at the MLM surface to minimize photoelectron production and, correspondingly, carbon buildup in a EUV + HC vapor environment.
Supercritical and real gas Brayton cycles operating with mixtures of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons (2012)

Closed Brayton gas and supercritical cycles operating with mixtures of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, in particular mixture with a low content (5–15%) of benzene, were studied. Totally, supercritical cycles and condensation cycles were looked at and a comparison was made with pure carbon dioxide cycles with a minimal temperature around 40–50 °C (typical minimum temperatures of air cooled radiators). First and second law cycle efficiencies were considered and analysed. Critical point calculations of several mixtures were performed by means of an accurate model for the thermodynamic properties and compared with experimental data from literature. For the cycle calculations, a simpler model with classical mixing rules was used because the results were in sufficient agreement. The cycles operating with mixtures showed lower maximum pressures and higher cycle efficiencies compared to the pure carbon dioxide cycles. Taken into account, the high global warming potential of fluorinated fluids and the high flammability and high volume expansion ratios of comparable Rankine toluene cycles, mixtures of carbon dioxides and hydrocarbons exposed promising features.
Convergence of two repressors through heterodimer formation of androgen receptor and testicular orphan receptor-4: A unique signaling pathway in the steroid receptor superfamily (1999)

The androgen receptor (AR) binds to androgen response elements and regulates target genes via a mechanism involving coregulators. Here we demonstrate that the AR can interact with the testicular orphan receptor-4 (TR4) and function as a repressor to down-regulate the TR4 target genes by preventing the TR4 binding to its target DNA. Interestingly, the heterodimerization of AR and TR4 also allows TR4 to repress AR target gene expression. Simultaneous exposure to both receptors therefore could result in bidirectional suppression of their target genes. Together, these data demonstrate that the coupling of two different receptors, through the heterodimerization of AR and TR4, is a unique signaling pathway in the steroid receptor superfamily, which may facilitate further understanding of the complicated androgen action in prostate cancer or libido.
Office Practice at Burdett College (1934)

Abstract Under the proper direction and condition, there is nothing a school can do which will so effectively help the future beginner in business to eliminate that “lost” period, as work in an up-to-date office practice department.
Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endocrine Progenitors to Islet-like Cells Using a Dialysis Suspension Culture System (2021)

The production of functional islet-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising strategy for the therapeutic use and disease modeling for type 1 diabetes. However, the production cost of islet-like cells is extremely high due to the use of expensive growth factors for differentiation. In a conventional culture method, growth factors and beneficial autocrine factors remaining in the culture medium are removed along with toxic metabolites during the medium change, and it limits the efficient utilization of those factors. In this study, we demonstrated that the dialysis suspension culture system is possible to reduce the usage of growth factors to one-third in the differentiation of hiPSC-derived endocrine progenitor cells to islet-like cells by reducing the medium change frequency with the refinement of the culture medium. Furthermore, the expression levels of hormone-secretion-related genes and the efficiency of differentiation were improved with the dialysis suspension culture system, possibly due to the retaining of autocrine factors. In addition, we confirmed several improvements required for the further study of the dialysis culture system. These findings showed the promising possibility of the dialysis suspension culture system for the low-cost production of islet-like cells.
Fundamentals of quality assessment of molecular amplification methods in clinical diagnostics. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Scientific Division Committee on Molecular Biology Techniques. (1998)

The increasing interest in molecular biology diagnostics is a result of the tremendous gain of scientific knowledge in genetics, made possible especially since the introduction of amplification techniques. High expectations have been placed on genetic testing, and the number of laboratories now using the relevant technology is rapidly increasing--resulting in an obvious need for standardization and definition of laboratory organization. This communication is an effort towards that end. We address aspects that should be considered when structuring a new molecular diagnostic laboratory, and we discuss individual preanalytical and analytical procedures, from sampling to evaluation of assay results. In addition, different means of controlling contamination are discussed. Because the methodology is in constant change, no general standards can be defined. Accordingly, this publication is intended to serve as a recommendation for good laboratory practice and internal quality control and as a guide to troubleshooting, primarily in amplification techniques.