gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gettering of Cu by microcavities in bonded/ion-cut silicon-on-insulator and separation by implantation of oxygen (1999)

Microcavities formed by H+ and He+ implantation and subsequent annealing are effective gettering sites for transition metal impurities in silicon. However, gettering in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials is quite different from that in silicon. In this work, we investigate the gettering of Cu to these microcavities in silicon, separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) and bonded/ion-cut SOI wafers. Our data indicate that He+ implantation in the high dose regime (0.2–1×1017 cm−2) creates a wide band of microcavities near the projected range without causing blistering on the sample surface. On the other hand, the implantation dose of H+ needed for stable microcavity formation is relatively narrow (3–4×1016 cm−2), and this value is related to the projected range. The different behavior of H and He in silicon is discussed and He implantation is more desirable with regard to impurity gettering. Cu is implanted into the surface region of the Si and SOI samples, followed by annealing at 700 and 1000 °C. Our results indicate that the microcavities can effectively getter a high dose of Cu (2.5×1015 cm−2) at 700 °C in bulk Si wafer, but higher temperature annealing is needed for the effective gettering in SIMOX. Gettering of Cu by the intrinsic defects at or beneath the buried oxide interface of the SIMOX is observed at 700 °C, but no trapped impurities are observed after 1000 °C annealing in the samples in the presence of microcavities. Almost all of the 1×1014 cm−2 Cu implanted into the Si overlayer of the bonded/ion-cut SOI diffuse through the thermally grown oxide layer and are captured by the cavities in the substrate after annealing at 1000 °C.
Design of a Concurrent Agent-Oriented Language (1994)

This paper describes the concurrent agent-oriented language AgentSpeak. AgentSpeak can model distributed autonomous agents, situated in dynamic environments, that are reactive as well as proactive towards the environment. Agents are organized into agent families offering certain services to other agents. Services are realized through the execution of an associated Plan. Each agent will also be associated with a Database. Some of the services, and a portion of the database could be public; i.e. available outside the agent. Therefore it follows that the remainder of the database, the remaining services and all of the plans will be private to the agent-family. The language supports and extends concurrent object-oriented language features such as synchronous and asynchronous messages and has well developed group communication primitives. 1 Introduction Both the Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) community and the Object-Based Concurrent Programming (OBCP) community have been inve...
[Applied anatomy of the perforating branches artery and its distally-based flap of sural nerve nutrient vessels]. (2005)

Distally-based sural nerve, small saphenous vein, and nutrient vessels of fascia skin have the same origin. Rotation point of flap is 3.0 cm to the cusp of lateral malleolus, when the distally-based flap is pedicled with the terminal branch of peroneal artery. Rotation point of flap is close to the cusp of lateral malleolus, when the distally-based flap is pedicled with the heel lateral artery.
Media and Young Children's Learning (2008)

Electronic media, particularly television, have long been criticized for their potential impact on children. One area for concern is how early media exposure influences cognitive development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular, is associated with poorer cognitive development and lower academic achievement. The authors point out that producers and parents can take steps to maximize the positive effects of media and minimize the negative effects. They note that research on children's television viewing can inform guidelines for producers of children's media to enhance learning. Parents can select well-designed, age-appropriate programs and view the programs with their children to maximize the positive effects of educational media. The authors' aim is to inform policymakers, educators, parents, and others who work with young children about the impact of media, particularly television, on preschool children, and what society can do to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs.
Quadrupole mass spectrometry in combination with lithium ion attachment for sampling at atmospheric pressure: possible coupling to supercritical fluid chromatography (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuadrupole mass spectrometry in combination with lithium ion attachment for sampling at atmospheric pressure: possible coupling to supercritical fluid chromatographyToshihiro. FujiiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 7, 775–778Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00031a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00031a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
台湾爱乐《卡门》首演 (2009)

美国著名喜剧演员W.C.费尔得斯（W.C.Fields，1880～1946）曾经说过，要搞演出，“绝对不要和动物或小孩一起工作”。虽然他指的不一定是歌剧这个范畴，也从来没到访台湾，这一句话却在台北爱乐制作的《卡门》中，引起很大的反响。
Effect of Carbonate on Hydroxyapatite Solubility (2010)

Carbonate is present in biological apatites (BAp) (enamel, dentine, bone, and pathological calcifications) by substitution at phosphate and hydroxide sites, tending to increase its solubility in comparison with pure hydroxyapatite (HAp). The role of solution carbonate, however, is poorly understood. Using the solid titration method, it was found that the apparent solubility of HAp increased greatly with an increase in pCO2, and was sensitively-dependent at low values. No other phase was formed at the end point except HAp, and in particular no dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) was found. However, no carbonate was detected in the end-point solid except for a small amount at pH ∼ 7.4, pCO2 = 0.01−1.0 bar. The implications of these results need further investigation, bearing as they do on a central topic in oral chemistry.
GaAs Nanoneedle Photodetector Monolithically Grown on a (111) Si Substrate by MOCVD (2009)

P-n junction GaAs nanoneedle photodetectors are monolithically grown on a (111) Si substrate by MOCVD with CMOS compatibility. A linear response of the photocurrent to the irradiance can be obtained under room temperature operation.
Task scheduling based on probabilistic constraint propagation for distributed workflow enactment (2004)

Several architectures for decentralized workflow enactment have been proposed to improve workflow execution through cooperation of geographically distributed agents. To our knowledge, none of them solves the problem of dynamic task scheduling in trans-organizational relations, which are characterized by a Iimitcd ubservability of the global workflow execution state, due to confidentiality reasons. We present a new distributed dynamic scheduling approach for workflow execution in an inter-enterprise context, based on the multi-agent paradigm. We usc three types of agents: proactive agents for supervision, reactive agents for resource management and mobile agents for task execution. Apart from essential task constraints that are propagated as probability values, the state of one participant’s workflow instance is hidden from business partners. We implemented the methodology in a multi-agent test bed and executed a number of randomly generated wormows. Results show that the optimal schedule is found in a large majority of tcst runs, in spite of limited observability.
Using mRNA expression profiling to determine anticancer drug efficacy (2001)

Pharmacogenomics is a fast-growing field of investigations that aims to further elucidate the inherited nature of interindividual differences in drug disposition and effects, with the ultimate goal of providing a stronger scientific basis for selecting the optimal drug therapy. Providing the right drug for the right patient is an important problem in the treatment of cancer. This is mainly due to the lack of information about the sensitivity of the tumor for a specific treatment modality, such as either chemotherapy or radiation treatment. This presentation highlights two approaches to identify responsiveness to treatment. Both approaches are based on the identification of expression profiles. The first approach concentrates on drug resistance and the second on the signaling pathways leading up to the death of the cell. Both approaches provide expression profiles; however, the more dynamic expression profiling as used to determine the signaling in damage cells promises to be a better determinant for the pharmacogenomic changes in expression profiles and, consequently, a potential better determinant for drug efficacy.
MPEG4 face modeling using fiducial points (2002)

We present an approach for modeling a person's face for model-based coding (MPEG4) which will cater to very low bit-rate video-conferencing applications. This approach is performed entirely automatically. We utilize two views of a person's face, and the fiducial points defined on a generic facial model, to modify the generic model into a 3D individual model of a face. To deform the generated individual facial model for tracking the expression of a face over time, a new method named the layered force spreading method (LFSM) is proposed which makes the animation of facial expressions looks more natural. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated using a real facial image.
Induction of the Alternative NF-κB Pathway by Lymphotoxin αβ (LTαβ) Relies on Internalization of LTβ Receptor (2011)

Several tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family members activate both the classical and the alternative NF-κB pathways. However, how a single receptor engages these two distinct pathways is still poorly understood. Using lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) as a prototype, we showed that activation of the alternative, but not the classical, NF-κB pathway relied on internalization of the receptor. Further molecular analyses revealed a specific cytosolic region of LTβR essential for its internalization, TRAF3 recruitment, and p100 processing. Interestingly, we found that dynamin-dependent, but clathrin-independent, internalization of LTβR appeared to be required for the activation of the alternative, but not the classical, NF-κB pathway. In vivo, ligand-induced internalization of LTβR in mesenteric lymph node stromal cells correlated with induction of alternative NF-κB target genes. Thus, our data shed light on LTβR cellular trafficking as a process required for specific biological functions of NF-κB.
New perspectives for asthma treatment: Anti‐leukotriene drugs (1999)

Leukotrienes are synthesized by different cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are the most important leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Pharmacologically, there are two different ways of blocking the action of leukotrienes: inhibiting their production by blocking 5-lipoxygenase or its activating protein, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), (inhibitors) or by blocking their receptors (antagonists). The available antagonists are, for the moment, directed against the one receptor demonstrated to play a role in asthma symptoms, CysLT1, and they act in a competitive way. The only marketed 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor is zileuton (Zyflo). CysLT1 antagonists, currently on the pharmaceutical market in some countries, are zafirlukast (Accolate), pranlukast (Ultair, Onon), and montelukast (Singulair). Undoubtedly, drugs acting on leukotrienes constitute a new pharmacologic class in the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of asthma. From the pediatric point of view, montelukast is currently the most interesting drug of the group to date because of published trials in patients as young as 6 yr of age. At present, zafirlukast is only approved for use in patients 12 yr of age and older, although we understand that applications are likely to extend the age range into childhood shortly. However, more experience is necessary to establish a definite place for both leukotrienes in the step-by-step asthma treatment. New comparative studies (with sodium cromoglycate and inhaled steroids), which will probably be published in the near future, as well as studies on the use of montelukast in the treatment of children under 6 yr of age will add crucial information to our knowledge, and help to identify an appropriate use in the therapeutic algorithm. Montelukast will not be a substitute for inhaled corticosteroids or beta-agonists, although it may act as a 'sparing drug' (which might help tapering of steroids in some instances). Its role in exercise-induced asthma seems promising. Although its more widespread use could highlight low-frequency adverse effects, its apparent excellent tolerability is an additional advantage for the drug. Patients' preference for a twice-daily dosage over the inhaled medication, resulting in a better compliance, is relatively well established, at least for zafirlukast in adults, and these findings can probably be extended to montelukast, which only requires once-daily dosing in children.
A New PMU-Based Fault Detection/Location Technique for Transmission Lines With Consideration of Arcing Fault Discrimination—Part II: Performance Evaluation (2004)

The theory and algorithms of the proposed technique have been presented in Part I of this two-paper set. In Part II of this two-paper set, the proposed technique is evaluated by considerable simulation cases simulated by the Matlab/Power system Blockset simulator. For the proposed fault detector, the trip time achieved can be up to 3.25 ms and the average value of trip times is about 8 ms for both permanent and arcing faults on transmission lines. For the proposed fault locator, the accuracy can be up to 99.99% and the error does not exceed 0.45%. Moreover, the proposed arcing fault discriminator can discriminate between arcing and permanent faults within four cycles after fault inception. It has proven to be an effective tool to block reclosing on the permanent faults in the computer simulations. The simulation results also demonstrate that the presented extended discrete Fourier transform algorithm eliminates effectively the error caused by exponentially decaying dc offset on fundamental and harmonic phasor computations. Finally, a test case using the real-life measured data proves the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Obtaining Cellulose Nanofibers with a Uniform Width of 15 nm from Wood (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTObtaining Cellulose Nanofibers with a Uniform Width of 15 nm from WoodKentaro Abe, Shinichiro Iwamoto, and Hiroyuki YanoView Author Information Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 10, 3276–3278Publication Date (Web):September 5, 2007Publication History Received5 June 2007Revised17 July 2007Published online5 September 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm700624phttps://doi.org/10.1021/bm700624pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10183Altmetric-Citations725LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Fibers,Nanocomposites,Nanofibers,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of proteinaceous Inhibitor of Lipase from Wheat Flour (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and Characterization of proteinaceous Inhibitor of Lipase from Wheat FlourHisanori Tani, Hifumi Ohishi, and Kenji WatanabeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 11, 2382–2385Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00047a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00047a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interaction between Caveolin-1 and the Reductase Domain of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase (1998)

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is targeted to caveoli through interaction with caveolin-1 (cav-1). cav-1 binding to a consensus site in the eNOS oxygenase domain is proposed to antagonize calmodulin (CaM) binding and thereby inhibit eNOS nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. To study the mechanism, we examined how cav-1 scaffolding domain peptide (amino acids 82-101; cav-1P) would affect NO synthesis, NADPH oxidation, cytochrome c reduction, and ferricyanide reduction by full-length eNOS or its isolated oxygenase and reductase domains. Cav-1P equivalently inhibited NO synthesis and NADPH oxidation by full-length eNOS in a manner reversible by CaM but did not affect NADPH-independent NO synthesis by full-length eNOS or its oxygenase domain, indicating inhibition required the reductase domain. Similar concentrations of cav-1P inhibited cytochrome c reduction by full-length eNOS or the reductase domain (amino acids 492-1205) in a CaM-reversible manner, indicating cav-1P interaction with reductase or full-length eNOS are equivalent. Ferricyanide reduction was unaffected by cav-1P in all cases. Immunoblotting showed that full-length eNOS, eNOS oxygenase, and eNOS reductase all bound to an immobilized glutathione S-transferase-cav-1 fusion protein. Thus, cav-1 interacts independently with both oxygenase and reductase domains of eNOS. The reductase interaction occurs independent of a cav-1 binding motif, is CaM-reversible, and is of sufficient affinity to match cav-1P inhibition of NO synthesis by full-length eNOS. We propose that cav-1 binding to eNOS reductase compromises its ability to bind CaM and to donate electrons to the eNOS heme, thereby inhibiting NO synthesis.
The effect of a well on the flow of a nearby stream (1941)

In many irrigation‐districts where the supplies of surface‐water from a stream nave been entirely appropriated, pumping from wells has been resorted to in order to supplement the surface‐supply. Where the pumps are near a stream that has a flow during the irrigation‐season, either because of normal ground‐water flow or because of return flow from surface‐water irrigation, the pumping is likely to diminish the stream‐flow. Conversely, diversions of water from a stream may diminish the supply of wells that were formerly supplied indirectly by seepage from the stream, but the problem involved is of a different nature than its converse and will not be discussed here.
A computer assisted method for the determination of restriction enzyme recognition sites (1978)

A computer program has been developed which aids in the determination of restriction enzyme recognition sequences. This is achieved by cleaving DNAs of known sequence with a restriction endonuclease and comparing the fragmentation pattern with a computer-generated set of patterns. The feasibility of this approach has been tested using fragmentation patterns of 0X174 DNA produced by enzymes of both known and unknown specificity. Recognition sequences are predicted for two restriction endonucleases (BbvI and SfaNI) using this method. In addition, recognition sequences are predicted for two other new enzymes (PvuI and MstI) using another computer-assisted method.