gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal detection in fractional Gaussian noise (1988)

Several results related to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of fractional Brownian motion are presented to facilitate the study of signal detection in additive fractional Gaussian noise. This Hilbert space is completely characterized, and an alternative characterization for the restriction of this class of functions to a compact interval (0.T) is given. Infinite- and finite-interval whitening filters for fractional Brownian motion are also developed. The application of these results to the signal detection problem yields necessary and sufficient conditions for a deterministic or stochastic signal to produce a nonsingular shift when embedded in additive fractional Gaussian noise. A formula for the likelihood ratio corresponding to any deterministic nonsingular shift is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo retroviral gene transfer into human bronchial epithelia of xenografts. (2020)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disease in the Caucasian population with an incidence of approximately 1 in 2,500 live births. Pulmonary complications of CF, which are the most morbid aspects of the disease, are caused by primary abnormalities in epithelial cells that lead to impaired mucociliary clearance. One potential therapeutic strategy is to reconstitute expression of the CF gene in airway epithelia by somatic gene transfer. To this end, we have developed an animal model of the human airway using bronchial xenografts and have tested the efficiency of in vivo retroviral gene transfer. Using the LacZ reporter gene, we find the efficiency of in vivo retroviral gene transfer to be dramatically dependent on the regenerative and mitotic state of the epithelium. Within an undifferentiated regenerating epithelium in which 40% of nuclei labeled with BrdU, 5-10% retroviral gene transfer was obtained. In contrast, no gene transfer was noted in a fully differentiated epithelium in which 1% of nuclei labeled with BrdU. These findings suggest that retroviral mediated gene transfer to the airway in vivo may be feasible if the proper regenerative state can be induced.
Focal region characteristics of focused array antennas (1985)

The effects of focused aperture amplitude tapering, both direct and inverse, on axial forelobes and aftlobes are investigated. Taylor tapers give low sidelobes but high forelobes and aftlobes, plus a modest gain degradation. Inverse tapers give low forelobes and aftlobes but high sidelobes and large gain degradation. Uniform excitation gives comparable axial and transverse subsidiary lobes, and is probably the best choice. Focal shift, where the peak axial power density occurs between the aperture and the phase (geometric) focus, due to the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/R^{2}</tex> factor, is accurately calculated for a uniform square aperture. Since peak axial power density available from a focused aperture depends only on aperture size in wavelengths and on distance, these focal shift results allow system trade-offs to be made.
Wafer bonding using low temperature melting glass (2003)

Summary form only given. The two bonding substances investigated were BPSG TEOS and PSG glasses used in semiconductor manufacturing. Both substances can be deposited in an LPCVD furnace on either bare silicon or wafers covered by previously grown thermal oxides. BPSG TEOS (3% phosphorous, 3% boron) softens at 850 degrees C, and usable bonded wafers were achieved by bonding wafers at 950 degrees C, in oxygen or nitrogen, using a ramp-up/ramp-down procedure. PSG, formed by the reduction of POCl/sub 3/ gas, softens at a temperature of 900 degrees C, and usable bonded wafers were achieved by bonding wafers at 950 degrees C using times as short as one hour (no shorter times were tried). Wafers were assembled for bonding within 24 hours of deposition to avoid the creation of circular nonbonded areas caused by outgassing of moisture or dopant in the film. Spin on glass could be used to alleviate the outgassing problem, but in that case the minimum bonding temperature increases to 1100 degrees C. Bond quality was evaluated by destructive wafer separation and physical inspection of the bonded oxide and by grinding back the bonded wafer and assessing the strength of the bond with sonic treatment. Heat stressing was used to determine whether BPSG TEOS could be used to make bonded wafers capable of withstanding the rigors of the standard manufacturing process line. Bond reliability, dopant diffusion, induced bow, and wafer crystal slip were measured on bonded wafers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Properties of p-n heterojunction diode based on Ge2Sb2Te5 and its application for phase change random access memory (2009)

Heterojunction diodes are fabricated using p-type Ge2Sb2Te5 and low doped n-type silicon wafer. Rectification is observed with a ratio of forward-to-reverse current as high as 104 and 103 for crystal-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si junction and amorphous-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si junction, respectively. The approximate equilibrium energy-band diagrams for both crystal-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si heterojunction diodes and amorphous-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si heterojunction diodes are proposed to explain the properties of the p-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si heterojunction diode. Properties of a p-n heterojunction diode based on Ge2Sb2Te5 are proposed to apply in 0T1R cross-point structure array for reliable read operation and for decreasing the sneaking current.
Viewing and analyzing multimodal human-computer tutorial dialogue: a database approach (2003)

It is easier to record logs of multimodal human-computer tutorial dialogue than to make sense of them. In the 2000-2001 school year, we logged the interactions of approximately 400 students who used Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor and who read aloud over 2.4 million words. We discuss some difficulties we encountered converting the logs into a more easily understandable database. It is faster to write SQL queries to answer research questions than to analyze complex log files each time. The database also permits us to construct a viewer to examine individual Reading Tutor-student interactions. This combination of queries and viewable data has turned out to be very powerful, and we discuss how we have combined them to answer research questions.
Volumetric variation confinement: surface protective structure for high cyclic stability of lithium metal electrodes (2016)

A composite surface protective structure keeps Li metal from electrolyte attack and enables coulombic efficiency as high as 97–99%.
The determination of sorbitol (1957)

L. H. Adcock, Analyst, 1957, 82, 427 DOI: 10.1039/AN9578200427
<title>Analysis-based coding of image transform and subband coefficients</title> (1995)

Image coding requires an e ective representation of images to provide dimensionality reduction, a quantization strategy to maintain image quality, and nally the error free encoding of quantized coe cients.In the coding of quantized coe cients, Hu man coding and arithmetic coding have been used most commonly and are suggested as alternatives in the JPEG standard.In some recent w ork, zerotree coding has been proposed as an alternate method, that considers the dependence of of quantized coe cients from subband to subband, and thus appears as a generalization of the context-based approach often used with arithmetic coding.In this paper, we propose to review these approaches and discuss them as special cases of an analysis based approach to the coding of coe cients.The requirements on causality and computational complexity implied by arithmetic and zero-tree coding will be studied and other schemes proposed for the choice of the predictive coe cient c o n texts that are suggested by image analysis.
Synthesis of 1,1-di-tert-butylsilirane, the first silirane with no substituents on the ring carbons (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,1-di-tert-butylsilirane, the first silirane with no substituents on the ring carbonsPhilip Boudjouk, Eric Black, and Rajkumar KumarathasanCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 7, 2095–2096Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00053a005https://doi.org/10.1021/om00053a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views548Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of Tetrahydroquinoxalines as Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitors with Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain (2018)

The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins bind acetylated lysine residues on histone proteins. The four BET bromodomains-BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT-each contain two bromodomain modules. BET bromodomain inhibition is a potential therapy for various cancers and immunoinflammatory diseases, but few reported inhibitors show selectivity within the BET family. Inhibitors with selectivity for the first or second bromodomain are desired to aid investigation of the biological function of these domains. Focused library screening identified a series of tetrahydroquinoxalines with selectivity for the second bromodomains of the BET family (BD2). Structure-guided optimization of the template improved potency, selectivity, and physicochemical properties, culminating in potent BET inhibitors with BD2 selectivity.
Was ist Zivilcourage und wie entsteht sie? (2013)

Das „Jahrbuch zur Liberalismus-Forschung“ blickt mit diesem Band auf ein Vierteljahrhundert seit dem ersten Erscheinen im Jahre 1989 zurück. Das ist sicherlich im Vergleich mit manch anderem altehrwürdigen wissenschaftlichen Printmedium ein noch vergleichsweise „jugendliches Alter“, aber doch auch eine beachtliche Wegmarke. Es ist nicht Absicht der Herausgeber, dieses „Jubiläum“ groß zu feiern und umfangreiche Reflektionen über bisherige Entwicklungen und Leistungen anzustellen. Stattdessen will der 25. Band mit einer thematischen Vielfalt aufwarten, die das ganze Spektrum der historischen Liberalismus-Forschung abdeckt: So wird hier nicht nur der Schwerpunkt auf „Liberalismus und Zivilcourage“ gelegt, ein Thema, das auf das letztjährige Kolloquium zur Liberalismus-Forschung in Hannover aus Anlass der 175. Wiederkehr der „Göttinger Protestation“ zurückgeht. Daneben widmet ein ebenso thematisch wie methodisch bunter Reigen von Beiträgen dem Phänomen Liberalismus in allen Epochen vom frühen 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart.
Uptake and distribution of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols in human colonic epithelial cells in vivo. (1996)

Studies suggest that micronutrients such as the tocopherols, retinol, and the carotenoids have a chemopreventive action against colonic carcinogenesis and that they may be essential for the functioning and structural integrity of the gastrointestinal epithelium. In this study, we have determined the concentrations of tocopherols, retinol, and the carotenoids in human colonic epithelial cells using a noninvasive procedure developed in this laboratory (G.P. Albaugh et al., Int. J. Cancer, 52: 347-350, 1992). In subjects on a normal diet, almost all of these micronutrients were restricted to cells in the density range of rho 1.065-1.090 and rho 1.090-1.110. The lighter fraction (rho 1.033-1.064), representing the most senescent subpopulation, retained these micronutrients only when the subjects were on diets rich in vegetables. Cells isolated from subjects on their usual diets gave the following values expressed as ng/10(7) cells: alpha-tocopherol, 93-151; gamma-tocopherol, 152-280; retinol, 12-20; lutein, 4-18; cryptoxanthin, not detected; lycopene, 0-17; alpha-carotene, 3-7; and beta-carotene, 6-9. Peak responses in specific micronutrients following 5 days on a high carotenoid diet showed a lag period of at least 5 days, corresponding to the turnover rates of the epithelium itself. The evidence suggests that uptake of these micronutrients by the colonic mucosa occurs in the deep cryptal zone where the actively proliferating cells extract the nutrients from the systemic circulation.
Thermal and hydrothermal stability of SAPO-5 and SAPO-37 molecular sieves (1989)

The stability of the crystalline structure of SAPO-5 and SAPO-37 has been studied in a heating chamber from room temperature to 1 400 K. After template decomposition a lowering in crystal symmetry was observed for SAPO-37 but not for SAPO-5. The stability of the two SAPOs is very similar up to about 1 300 K in a dry or a water vapour-containing atmosphere. Below about 345 K in the presence of water, only SAPO-37 progressively loses its crystallinity simultaneously with a decrease in unit-cell parameter.
A General Synthesis of Cobalt(III) Complexes; A New Intermediate, Na<sub>3</sub>[Co(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]·3H<sub>2</sub>O (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA General Synthesis of Cobalt(III) Complexes; A New Intermediate, Na3[Co(CO3)3]·3H2OH. F. Bauer and W. C. DrinkardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 19, 5031–5032Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01504a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01504a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3969Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of in Vivo Growth Hormone Secretion by Leptin (1997)

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a recently discovered hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. Growth hormone (GH) secretion is markedly influenced by body weight being markedly suppressed in obesity and underweight. The aim of the present study was to study whether leptin can act as a metabolic signal connecting the adipose tissue with the growth hormone axis. We administered leptin antiserum (10 ul, i.c.v.) or normal rabbit serum (NRS; 10 ul, i.c.v.) to freely moving fed rats. Furthermore we assessed the effect of leptin administration (10 ug, i.c.v.) on fed and fasted rats. Spontaneous GH secretion was assessed over 6 hours with blood samples taken every 15 min. Administration of leptin antiserum led to a decrease in spontaneous GH secretion as assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) (168 ± 72 ng/ml/6h) in comparison to NRS-treated rats (813 ± 179 ng/ml/6 h, p < 0.01). While leptin administration (10 ug/rat; i.c.v.) to normal fed rats did not modify spontaneous GH secretion, leptin administration to fasted rats led to a reversal of the inhibitory effect exerted by fasting on GH secretion (AUC, 1650 ± 351 ng/ml.6 h vs77 ± 32 ng/ml/6 h, p < 0.01). This data suggests that leptin is a metabolic signal that regulates GH secretion.
Simulation of steady-state natural convection using CFD (2005)

This paper investigates the air flow and heat transfer over a heated vertical plate and in a differentiallyheated cavity using Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the influence of near wall mesh density on air flow and heat transfer for natural-convection. Benchmark models have been used for steady-state simulations of laminar and turbulent free-convection flow for different turbulence models. Results have been validated with experimental data (Tian et al, 2001) and analytical predictions (Ostrach, 1956). Appropriate meshing parameters and turbulence models were found which gave results which agreed well with the experiment and analytical data. Key words: CFD, free convection, buoyancy, turbulence, heat transfer, Nusselt number, cavity
Evolutionary mechanism as a template for protein engineering (2010)

The goal of a protein engineer is to adjust a protein to a specified new function. This is exactly what natural evolution has achieved many times. By studying evolutionary mechanisms, we can learn about ways to use the adaptability of proteins and to build new proteins. In fact, many techniques used in engineering are successfully mimicking evolutionary processes. We introduce the fundamental evolutionary mechanisms, take a closer look at duplication and fusion, recombination, and circular permutation and discuss their influence on protein engineering. Some important techniques are presented and illustrated with examples.
The APP-interacting protein FE65 is required for hippocampus-dependent learning and long-term potentiation (2009)

FE65 is expressed predominantly in the brain and interacts with the C-terminal domain of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). We examined hippocampus-dependent memory and in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) at the CA1 synapses with isoform-specific FE65 knockout (p97FE65(-/-)) mice. When examined using the Morris water maze, p97FE65(-/-) mice were impaired for the hidden platform task but showed normal performance in the probe test. To further discriminate the role of FE65 in acquisition and memory consolidation, we examined p97FE65(-/-) mice with temporal dissociative passive avoidance (TDPA) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC). p97FE65(-/-) mice showed impaired short-term memory for both TDPA and CFC when tested 10 min after training. After multiple TDPA training sessions, the crossover latency of some p97FE65(-/-) mice reached the cutoff value, but it significantly decayed in 8 d. At the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, p97FE65(-/-) mice showed defective early-phase LTP (E-LTP). These results demonstrate novel roles of FE65 in synaptic plasticity, acquisition, and retention for certain forms of memory formation.
Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in mice and healthy volunteers (2004)

Inhalation of aerosolized iso-osmotic xylitol was well-tolerated by naive and atopic mice, and by healthy human volunteers.
Deep inventory <i>time translation</i> to improve recommendations for real-world retail (2018)

Recommender systems are an important component in the retail industry, but the constantly renewed inventory of many companies makes it difficult to aggregate enough data to fully harness the benefits of such systems. In this paper, we describe a technique that significantly improves the accuracy of the recommendations, validated on a real store transaction history, by performing a time translation that maps out-of-stock items to similar items that are currently in stock using deep features of the products. This greatly reduces the dimension of the item-item interactions matrix while preserving all the dataset entries, which mitigates the sparsity of the dataset, and provides an original solution to the cold-start problem. We also improve the coverage at no accuracy cost by favouring less popular items within a small radius in the feature space while applying the time translation mapping. Finally, by modelling item-item rather that user-item correlations, we are able to update the recommendations for a given user in real-time, without re-training, as the user's history receives new entries.
Rapid Microwave Preparation of Highly Efficient Ce<sup>3+</sup>-Substituted Garnet Phosphors for Solid State White Lighting (2012)

Ce3+-substituted aluminum garnet compounds of yttrium (Y3Al5O12) and lutetium (Lu3Al5O12)—both important compounds in the generation of (In,Ga)N-based solid state white lighting—have been prepared using a simple microwave heating technique involving the use of a microwave susceptor to provide the initial heat source. Carbon used as the susceptor additionally creates a reducing atmosphere around the sample that helps stabilize the desired luminescent compound. High quality, phase-pure materials are prepared within a fraction of the time and using a fraction of the energy required in a conventional ceramic preparation; the microwave technique allows for a reduction of about 95% in preparation time, making it possible to obtain phase pure, Ce3+-substituted garnet compounds in under 20 min of reaction time. It is estimated that the overall reduction in energy compared with ceramic routes as practised in the lab is close to 99%. Conventionally prepared material is compared with material prepared using microwave heating in terms of structure, morphology, and optical properties, including quantum yield and thermal quenching of luminescence. Finally, the microwave-prepared compounds have been incorporated into light-emitting diode "caps" to test their performance characteristics in a real device, in terms of their photon efficiency and color coordinates.
Use of the Sucrose Gradient Method for Bacterial Cell Cycle Synchronization (2012)

Although many undergraduate and graduate Cell and Molecular Biology courses study the bacterial cell cycle and the mechanisms that regulate prokaryotic cell division, few laboratory projects exist for the enhanced study of cell cycle characteristics in a standard teaching laboratory. One notable reason for this lack of engaging laboratory projects is, although bacterial cells can be grown fairly easily, these cultured cells are in a variety of cell cycle states. As such, to study and understand the factors that regulate bacterial cell division in morphological, physiological, and even molecular respects, it is necessary to have bacterial cells in the same stage of its cell cycle. This matching can be performed by a procedure called cell cycle synchronization.
RESEARCH PROGRESS OF GAS DRILLING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA (2009)

The gas drilling can enhance the drilling rate greatly fast,favor the well deviation control.This paper summarized the newest research progress of gas drilling in China,including following several aspects:Considered each kind of influence of factor,revised the smallest gas injection rate;Strengthened the research on hole stabilization factor and the influence rule;Each kind of new technology used in well logging of the gas drilling,improved the well logging effect;The development and application of the air hammaer will be the development direction of gas drilling;The analysis of drilling rig(column)'s failure reasons and mechanism have provided the theory basis for the preventing and controlling measure.In addition,the paper has also carried on the forecast to the research direction of gas drilling in the future.