gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties of food gums as related to their water binding capacity and to soy protein interaction (1995)

Water binding capacity and hydration time of several food gums were measured by the Baumann method. Xanthan gum was by far the best water binder (232 mL/g) followed by guar gum (40 mL/g) and sodium alginate (25 mL/g). Propylene glycol alginate and locust bean gum (LBG) were the poorest water binders (15 and 11.6 mUg). Hydration time ranged from 50 min for sodium alginate to 3500 min for guar gum. A good correlation was obtained between the consistency coefficient of gum dispersion and the imbibed water fraction calculated from Baumann measurements. Soy protein (20 g/kg) showed synergism with xanthan and guar gum (1.5 or 3 g/kg) as shown by the increase of the consistency coefficients of mixed systems over the expected values from 81 to 139%. For the xanthan gum and soy protein systems, yield stress was greatly enhanced too. The interaction between locust bean gum and soy protein changed from antagonism at 20 g/kg soy protein and 1 g/kg LBG to synergism for 1.5 and 3 g/kg gum concentration. When soy protein interacted with a blend (1:1) of xanthan and guar, the synergistic increase in the consistency coefficient and yield stress was also apparent. However, soy protein showed an antagonistic interaction with the blend xanthan/LBG (2 g/kg) as it decreased gel properties of the system.
The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation (1987)

This book presents summaries of the current information on subtopics in dosimetry of ionizing radiation; each accompanied by an extensive reference list.
Influence of length on cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 <i>in vitro</i> and subcutaneous tissue of rats <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are single- or multi-cylindrical graphene structures that possess diameters of a few nanometers, while the length can be up to a few micrometers. These could have unusual toxicological properties, in that they share intermediate morphological characteristics of both fibers and nanoparticles. To date, no detailed study has been carried out to determine the effect of length on CNT cytotoxicity. In this paper, we investigated the activation of the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in vitro and the response in subcutaneous tissue in vivo to CNTs of different lengths. We used 220 nm and 825 nm-long CNT samples for testing, referred to as "220-CNTs" and "825-CNTs", respectively. 220-CNTs and 825-CNTs induced human monocytes in vitro, although the activity was significantly lower than that of microbial lipopeptide and lipopolysaccharide, and no activity appeared following variation in the length of CNTs. On the other hand, the degree of inflammatory response in subcutaneous tissue in rats around the 220-CNTs was slight in comparison with that around the 825-CNTs. These results indicated that the degree of inflammation around 825-CNTs was stronger than that around 220-CNTs since macrophages could envelop 220-CNTs more readily than 825-CNTs. However, no severe inflammatory response such as necrosis, degeneration or neutrophil infiltration in vivo was observed around both CNTs examined throughout the experimental period.
Amount and Size of Ice Crystals in Frozen Samples as Influenced by Hydrocolloids (1988)

Measurement of the heat of fusion of frozen hydrocolloid-water solutions and of ice cream mix by differential scanning calorimetry indicated that hydrocolloids, when incorporated at a concentration of 2% (wt/wt) or less, cause only a small reduction (usually less than 3%) in the amount of ice formed. Based on the microscopic appearance of the ice cream mix, with and without gelatin, it was concluded that gelatin at a concentration of .28% (wt/wt) does not have a significant effect on: 1) the amount of ice that forms in ice cream mix, 2) the size and shape of the ice crystals existing soon after freezing, or 3) the rate at which recrystallization of ice occurs during a 2-wk period at -15 -+ 2C. It would appear likely that gelatin exerts a desirable influence on the sensory texture of frozen desserts by some mechanism other than control of ice crystal size or altering the amount of ice formed.
CoNLL-2012 Shared Task: Modeling Multilingual Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes (2012)

The CoNLL-2012 shared task involved pre-dicting coreference in English, Chinese, and Arabic, using the final version, v5.0, of the OntoNotes corpus. It was a follow-on to the English-only task organized in 2011. Un-til the creation of the OntoNotes corpus, re-sources in this sub-field of language process-ing were limited to noun phrase coreference, often on a restricted set of entities, such as ACE entities. OntoNotes provides a large-scale corpus of general anaphoric coreference not restricted to noun phrases or to a spec-ified set of entity types, and covers multi-ple languages. OntoNotes also provides ad-ditional layers of integrated annotation, cap-turing additional shallow semantic structure. This paper describes the OntoNotes annota-tion (coreference and other layers) and then describes the parameters of the shared task in-cluding the format, pre-processing informa-tion, evaluation criteria, and presents and dis-cusses the results achieved by the participat-ing systems. The task of coreference has had a complex evaluation history. Potentially many evaluation conditions, have, in the past, made it difficult to judge the improvement in new algorithms over previously reported results. Having a standard test set and evaluation pa-rameters, all based on a resource that provides multiple integrated annotation layers (parses, semantic roles, word senses, named entities and coreference) and in multiple languages could support joint models, and should help ground and energize ongoing research in the task of entity and event coreference. 1
Prognostic System for Power Modules in Converter Systems Using Structure Function (2017)

This paper proposes an on-board methodology for monitoring the health of power converter modules in drive systems, using vector control heating and structure function to check for degradation. It puts forward a system that is used on-board to measure the cooling curve and derive the structure function during idle times for maintenance purposes. The structure function is a good tool for tracking the magnitude and location of degradation in power modules. The ability to keep regular track of the actual degradation level of the modules enables the adoption of preventive maintenance, reducing or even eliminating altogether the appearance of failures during operation, significantly improving the availability of the power devices. The novelty in this work is the complete system that is used to achieve degradation monitoring, combining the heating technique and the measurement without additional power components except the measurement circuit which can be integrated into the gate drive board and the challenges encountered. Experimental results obtained from this show that it is possible to implement an on-board health monitoring system in converters which measures the degradation on power modules.
Development of Docetaxel-Loaded Vitamin E TPGS Micelles: Formulation Optimization, Effects on Brain Cancer Cells and Biodistribution in Rats (2012)

The particle size of the docetaxel-loaded TPGS micelles ranged between 12 and 14 nm. Docetaxel formulated in the TPGS micelles of high, moderate and low drug-loading levels achieved lower IC(50) values compared with Taxotere after 24-h incubation with C6 glioma brain cancer cells. The TPGS has much lower critical micelle concentration than most phospholipids in micellar formulation, which can be an efficient drug carrier across the blood brain-barrier with high drug encapsulation efficiency, cell uptake, cytotoxicity and desired biodistribution of the formulated drug.
Multiwall Boron Carbonitride/Carbon Nanotube Junction and Its Rectification Behavior (2007)

Theoretical calculations have predicted that the band gap of boron carbonitride (BCN) nanotubes can be tailored over a wide range by chemical composition rather than by geometrical structure. The following attempts toward the fabrication of BCN nanotube devices should be of great importance both to further understand their electronic properties and to develop their prospective applications for nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. Here, the direct synthesis of massive BCN/C nanotube junctions has been realized via a bias-assisted hot-filament chemical vapor deposition method. The electrical transport measurements of individual nanotube junctions were performed on a conductive atomic force microscopy. It is found that the BCN/C nanotube junction shows a typical rectifying diode behavior.
Quantitative phase microscopy with off-axis optical coherence tomography (2014)

We have developed a modality for quantitative phase imaging within spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on using an off-axis reference beam. By tilting the propagation of the reference beam relative to that of the sample beam, a spatially varying fringe is generated. Upon detection of this fringe using a parallel spectral domain scheme, the fringe can be used to separate the interference component of the signal and obtain the complex sample field. In addition to providing quantitative phase measurements within a depth resolved measurement, this approach also allows elimination of the complex conjugate artifact, a known limitation of spectral interferometry. The principle of the approach is described here along with demonstration of its capabilities using technical samples.
Using semantic web approach in augmented audio reality system for museum visitors (2004)

In this paper, we describe our work in progress on the reasoning module of ec(h)o, an augmented audio-reality interface for museum visitors utilizing spatialized soundscapes and a semantic web approach to information. We used ontologies to describe the semantics of sound objects and represent user model. A rule-based system for selecting sound object uses semantic description of objects, visitor's interaction history and heuristics for continuity of the dialogue between user and the system.
Static Prediction of Loop Iteration Counts Using Machine Learning to Enable Hot Spot Optimizations (2013)

In general, program execution spends most of the time in a small fraction of code called hot spots of the program. These regions where optimization would be most beneficial are mainly composed of loops and must be identified to enable hot spot optimizations. Consequently, identifying hot spots involves determining loop iteration counts arising at run-time of the program, which is often not knowable in advance at run-time and even less statically knowable at compile time of the application by using only static analyses. In this paper we present a sophisticated approach using machine learning techniques to automatically generate heuristics that provide the compiler with knowledge of this run-time behavior, hence yielding more precise heuristics than those generated by pure static analyses. Our experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our approach and show the general applicability to a wide range of programs with different behavior as we have used 175 programs of 12 benchmark suites in total from different real-world application domains for our experiments. Among others, our approach eliminates the need for manual annotations of run-time information, which automates and facilitates the development of complex software, thus improving the software engineering process.
Federated search engines and the development of library systems (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent history of library systems with a view to illustrating the impact of federated search systems on reinvigorating the role of the library system. Design/methodology/approach A narrative account of the impact of digital library technologies on the function of library systems, together with an outline of how larger principles such as “openness” and “proprietorialness” determine the success or failure of digital information products. Findings It was found that the present role of the library system is significantly different from its earlier purpose, and that innovative and visionary responses to the challenges of networked information services have helped reinvent its function. Research limitations/implications Some of the ideas in this paper may be worthy of consideration as evidence of the broader research principles underlying the success or failure of digital information products. Practical implications The insights in this piece may clarify for the practitioner the present and future role of the systems division within the larger framework of the academic library. Originality/value This paper attempts to create a coherent narrative for a number of otherwise unrelated library developments.
Interpretation of movement assessment results for identification of later problems in children born less than 1000g (1999)

The population of children at preschool and school who were <1000g at birth is rapidly increasing. Research suggests this population of children display a range of movement difficulties. In fact a number of reports draw attention to the incidence of difficulties at school experienced by more than 50% of these children despite cognitive evaluations which indicate they are within the normal range for age.1 These movement problems range from what some describe as clumsiness due to poor balance, general inco-ordination, difficulties with handwriting and poor performance in sport.2,3 Meanwhile for the more neurologically defined problem of cerebral palsy (CP) the incidence is between 5 and 10%4,5 in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) children. The identification of CP in infants born at or near term and with a more appropriate birthweight is normally within the first 4–12 months. In the children who are very or extremely low birthweight however, early identification and classification of neurologically based motor dysfunction is often difficult due to poor general health or early frailty until at least 8 months.6 Furthermore less discrete movement difficulties or delays in the motor development of ELBW infants/children is even more difficult to discriminate from normal variations. The aim of this study was to explore the presentation of movement problems in 2, 4, and 9 year old children who were <1000g at birth and, to identify characteristics of early motor development which may be helpful in the diagnosis of problems which could adversely affect later performance and self esteem.
Angiogenesis as a Prognostic Indicator of Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: a Prospective Study (1997)

An evaluation of tumor angiogenesis may be useful in the postsurgical staging of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma and in identifying subsets of patients who may benefit from different postsurgical treatments.
On the validity of little-known species of Scalpellidae (Crustacea, Cirripedia) collected by the "Campagnes Scientifiques du S.A.S. Prince de Monaco", from North Atlantic (2004)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Efficacious 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I Inhibitors in the Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model (2009)

Cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway have been implicated in the development of diabetes and obesity. The reduction of cortisone to cortisol is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11beta-HSD1). 2,4-Disubsituted benzenesulfonamides were identified as potent inhibitors of both the human and mouse enzymes. The lead compounds displayed good pharmacokinetics and ex vivo inhibition of the target in mice. Cocrystal structures of compounds 1 and 20 bound to human 11beta-HSD1 were obtained. Compound 20 was found to achieve high concentrations in target tissues, resulting in 95% inhibition in the ex vivo assay when dosed with a food mix (0.5 mg of drug per g of food) after 4 days. Compound 20 was efficacious in a mouse diet-induced obesity model and significantly reduced fed glucose and fasted insulin levels. Our findings suggest that 11beta-HSD1 inhibition may be a valid target for the treatment of diabetes.
Determinants of success in service industries: a PIMS‐based empirical investigation (1993)

Attempts to determine the key strategic variables that lead to superior financial as well as competitive performance. Investigates the effects of strategic variables on service provider′s risk levels. Suggests that integrating forward, having a relatively larger market share, sharing customers with other business units in the firm, having strong service image, and being in a market with a small number of competitors positively influences market share.
CARP: Handling Silent Data Errors and Site Failures in an Integrated Program and Storage Replication Mechanism (2009)

This paper presents CARP, an integrated program and storage replication solution. CARP extends program replication systems which do not currently address storage errors, builds upon a record-and-replay scheme that handles nondeterminism in program execution, and uses a scheme based on recorded program state and I/O logs to enable efficient detection of silent data errors and efficient recovery from such errors. CARP is designed to be transparent to applications with minimal run-time impact and is general enough to be implemented on commodity machines. We implemented CARP as a prototype on the Linux operating system and conducted extensive sensitivity analysis of its overhead with different application profiles and system parameters. In particular, we evaluated CARP with standard unmodified email, database, and web server benchmarks and showed that it imposes acceptable overhead while providing sub-second program state recovery times on detecting a silent data error.
Real-Time PCR for Dihydrofolate Reductase Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>Isolates (2004)

Mutations in the dhfr gene of Plasmodium vivax (pvdhfr) are associated with resistance to the antifolate antimalarial drugs. Polymorphisms in the pvdhfr gene were assessed by hybridization probe technology on the LightCycler instrument with 134 P. vivax-infected blood samples from Turkey (n = 24), Azerbaijan (n = 39), Thailand (n = 16), Indonesia (n = 53), and travelers (n = 19). Double mutations (S58R and S117N) or quadruple mutations (F57L/I, S58R, T61M, and S117N) in the pvdhfr genes were found in all Thai samples (100%). pvdhfr mutant-type alleles were significantly more common in samples from travelers (42%) than in those from patients from Indonesia (5%). Surprisingly, the pvdhfr single-mutation allele (S117N) was identified at a high frequency in parasites from Turkey and Azerbaijan (71 and 36%, respectively), where sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is not recommended for the treatment of P. vivax malaria by the World Health Organization and the Malaria National Programs.
Determination of Efficacy of Reflexology in Managing Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (2014)

Background. The restricted usage of existing pharmacological methods which do not seem to provide the treatment of diabetic neuropathy may lead to exploring the efficacy of a complementary therapy. In this context, this paper was devoted to evaluate the efficacy of foot reflexology. This health science works on the hypothesis that the dysfunctional states of body parts could be identified by observing certain skin features and be rectified by stimulating certain specific areas mapped on feet. Method. Subjects (N = 58) with diagnosed diabetic neuropathy were randomly distributed into reflexology and control groups in which both group patients were treated with ongoing pharmacological drugs. Reflexology group patients were additionally treated holistically with the hypothesis that this therapy would bring homeostasis among body organ functions. This was a caregiver-based study with a follow-up period of 6 months. The outcome measures were pain reduction, glycemic control, nerve conductivity, and thermal and vibration sensitivities. The skin features leading to the detection of the abnormal functional states of body parts were also recorded and analyzed. Results. Reflexology group showed more improvements in all outcome measures than those of control subjects with statistical significance. Conclusion. This study exhibited the efficient utility of reflexology therapy integrated with conventional medicines in managing diabetic neuropathy.
SHIP Down-Regulates FcεR1-Induced Degranulation at Supraoptimal IgE or Antigen Levels (2005)

Cross-linking of the IgE-loaded high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonR1) by multivalent Ags results in mast cell activation and subsequent release of multiple proinflammatory mediators. The dose-response curve for FcepsilonR1-mediated degranulation is bell-shaped, regardless of whether the IgE or the Ag concentration is varied. Although overall calcium influx follows this bell-shaped curve, intracellular calcium release continues to increase at supraoptimal IgE or Ag concentrations. As well, overall calcium mobilization adopts more transient kinetics when stimulations are conducted with supraoptimal instead of optimal Ag concentrations. Moreover, certain early signaling events continue to increase whereas degranulation drops under supraoptimal conditions. We identified SHIP, possibly in association with the FcepsilonR1 beta-chain, as a critical negative regulator acting within the inhibitory (supraoptimal) region of the dose-response curve that shifts the kinetics of calcium mobilization from a sustained to a transient response. Consistent with this, we found that degranulation of SHIP-deficient murine bone marrow-derived mast cells was not significantly reduced at supraoptimal Ag levels. A potential mediator of SHIP action, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, did not seem to play a role within the supraoptimal suppression of degranulation. Interestingly, SHIP was found to colocalize with the actin cytoskeleton (which has been shown previously to mediate the inhibition of degranulation at supraoptimal Ag doses). These results suggest that SHIP, together with other negative regulators, restrains bone marrow-derived mast cell activation at supraoptimal IgE or Ag concentrations in concert with the actin cytoskeleton.
An Integrated Toolbox for Image Registration, Fusion and Classification (2005)

In this paper we present a suite of new image processing tools for the GRASS Geographic Information System. New modules are suggested to support improved and semi-automated geocoding of vertical imagery. The ortho-rectification procedures have been extended to rectify oblique imagery from digital hand-held cameras for rendering purposes. Multi- and hyperspectral image analysis has been implemented to derive landuse/landcover maps at subpixel resolution. Image fusion with the Brovey transform is shown. We finally show high performance SMAP image classification on an openMosix cluster.
PDF Forms Using Acrobatand LiveCycle Designer Bible (2009)

This comprehensive guide to creating fillable forms with the latest release of Adobe Acrobat is packed with real-world insights and techniques gained from daily use of Adobe Acrobat and Adobe LiveCycle Designer under business deadline situations. Youll get step-by-step instructions that show you how to easily create and implement interactive PDF forms using both Adobe Acrobat and Adobe LiveCycle Designer.