gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterisation of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger produced by solid-state fermentation (2011)

In this work, glucoamylase was produced by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. Its molecular mass was estimated as 118.17 kDa by electrophoresis. The partially purified enzyme had an optimum pH range of 4.5-5.0 and an optimum temperature of 60 °C, with average activity 152.85 U mL-1. Thermal and pH stability assays with the crude extract showed that more than 60 % of the activity remained at pH 4.6 and 60 °C, even after an exposition to these conditions longer than 24 h. Yet, after purification, the enzyme was stable at these for at least 4 h, which indicated that its purification for use in starch saccharification was inadvisable. K M and Vmax were 0.34 mg mL-1 and 160.22 U mL-1, respectively.
In-duct humidification system development for the LIMB demonstration project (1988)

Two keys to an operable humidification system are the atomizer design and the atomizer arrangement within the duct. The atomizer must produce a spray of extremely small droplets in order to achieve complete evaporation in the short residence times available in most ducts. The atomizers must also be installed in such a way as to prevent droplet impingement on the duct walls, minimize the ash deposition on the atomizer tip, and maximize the mixing between the spray and flue gas. Good mixing is essential to maximize SO{sub 2} removal and to ensure complete evaporation. A full-scale demonstration of LIMB technology will be conducted on the 105 MW, Unit 4 Boiler at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station in Lorain, Ohio. This paper presents the results of a project to develop a humidification system for the full-scale demonstration.
Structural Analysis of Nucleic Acids by Precise Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis: I. Methodology1 (1992)

A method to convert the conventional denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis into a highly reproducible experimental system was developed. It was based on the following experimental findings; (i) dyes, which are small molecules, do not exhibit mobility changes attributed to their conformational change while nucleic acids do; and (ii) most of the mobility shifts caused by experimental fluctuations could be cancelled by normalizing the mobility of a sample with respect to the corresponding one of a dye. The method involves co-migration of internal reference dyes with samples (nucleic acids), and computer-aided data processing, allowing us to obtain the relative mobility of nucleic acids with respect to a dye throughout the denaturing gradient. The overall pattern of the relative mobilities thus obtained, named the normalized mobility profile (NMP), corresponded well to conformational changes of a macromolecule induced by denaturing effects. This method provides us with objective data without using internal macromolecular references, which not only guarantees the precision but also extends the range of application of the denaturing gradient method.
Interactions between Activin-Like Kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor and its inhibitors and the construction of a Docking Descriptor-Based QSAR model (2012)

In this study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate both the binding site and interactions of 61 inhibitors with activin-like kinase-5 (ALK5) receptor. A MD simulation was performed on the receptor to obtain receptor conformation in a water environment. Docking analysis revealed that hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions play important roles in ALK5-inhibitor complex. These interactions were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, to study receptor conformation stability, a second MD simulation on complex was performed in an aqueous environment. Radius of gyration for complex showed that the ALK5 conformation did not change in the presence of the inhibitor. 134 descriptors emerging from docking and molecular structure were calculated and the most feasible ones were used in quantitative structure -activity relationships (QSAR). The LS-SVR (least squares support vector regression) gave reliable model with Q² = 0.837 and R = 0.917. Finally, the types of interactions and properties of the descriptors were used to propose new inhibitors.
A novel complex of a phenolic derivative with insulin: Structural features related to the T → R transition (1996)

The structure of a symmetric T3R3f insulin hexamer, complexed with 4-hydroxybenzamide, has been determined using X-ray crystallographic techniques. Data were measured from six crystals grown in microgravity to a resolution of 1.4 A and the structure has been refined including the contributions from hydrogen atoms. The crystals are isomorphous with T3R3f complexes of phenolic derivatives as well as with uncomplexed forms. Unlike the structures of complexes with phenol, m-cresol, resorcinol, 4'-hydroxyacetanilide, and methylparaben, which bind one phenolic derivative molecule per R- or Rf-state monomer, two molecules of 4-hydroxybenzamide are bound by each Rf-state monomer. The presence of the second guest molecule results in an extensive hydrogen bonding network, mediated by water molecules, between the T- and Rf-state trimers and adds stability to the formation of the hexamer. The only access to these second sites is through three symmetry-related, narrow channels that originate on the surface of the T-state trimer. Although the conformation of the backbone atoms of the monomers is nearly identical to that of other T3R3f hexamers, significant changes are observed in the conformations of side chains in the vicinity of the second binding site. The side chain of the T-state A11 Cys residue, which forms a disulfide bond to A6 Cys in the same monomer, is observed in two discrete conformations; two discrete conformations are also present for the entire A8 Thr residue in the Rf-state monomer. A procedure is also described for an alternate method of interframe scaling and merging intensity data from an image plate detector.
Human babesiosis: European aspects (1980)

Journal Article Human babesiosis: European aspects Get access P.C.C. Garnham P.C.C. Garnham Department of Zoology—Imperial College, Ascot, Berks, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 74, Issue 2, 1980, Pages 153–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(80)90232-1 Published: 01 January 1980
Monte-Carlo planning for unit control in StarCraft (2012)

This paper presents an application of Monte-Carlo planning (MCPlan) to controlling units in a RTS game StarCraft. We apply an ε - greedy algorithm to model the opponent in a simulation for improving MCPlan's performance. Experimental results are provided at the end of this paper, which show the potential of MCPlan in this domain.
Schistosoma mansoni: cercaricidal effects of cedarwood oil and various of its components. (1992)

Cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni exposed to cedarwood oil show early phases of the penetration response before they succumb to the toxic effects of the oil. The toxic effect is also seen when cercariae are exposed to certain components of the oil followed by exposure to a known penetration stimulant, linolenic acid, which accelerates the inactivation of the organism. It is postulated that the process of penetration which results in the disruption of the cercarial glycocalyx alters physiological processes related to osmoregulation. This may increase the absorption of the toxic substances in cedarwood oil by the organisms.
Vanadium(III) and Vanadium(V) Amine Tris(Phenolate) Complexes (2005)

The coordination chemistry of amine tris(phenolate) ligands around V(III) and V(V) is described for the first time. Three amine tris(phenolate) ligands were employed featuring different steric and electronic influence exerted by the phenolate substituents in the ortho and para positions being either t-Bu, Me, or Cl. V(III) complexes of all ligands (1-3) were readily obtained by reaction between the ligand precursors and VCl3(THF)3 in the presence of triethylamine. The complexes obtained were pentacoordinate, a THF ligand completing the coordination sphere of the metal, which was found to be of almost perfect TBP geometry, as revealed by crystallography. V(V) oxo complexes of all the ligands (4-6) were readily obtained by a reaction between the ligand precursors and VO(OPr)3. The oxo complexes of the alkyl-bearing ligands (4 and 5) could also be synthesized by the air oxidation of the corresponding V(III) complexes (1 and 2); however, the attempted air oxidation of the V(III) complex bound to the electron-poor ligand (3) did not yield the corresponding oxo complex 6. 1H NMR and crystallographic analysis of complexes 4 and 5 supported their TBP structures. Complex 6, on the other hand, was found to be composed of a TBP complex (6a) and an octahedral complex (6b) in equilibrium, the octahedral complex being more stable at lower temperatures. An X-ray structure of 6b revealed a mononuclear oxo complex, the sixth coordination site being occupied by an aqua ligand to which two THF molecules are H-bonded. Complexes 4-6 catalyze the epoxidation of olefins by t-BuOOH, albeit slowly. These complexes may thus be considered as structural and functional models of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase enzymes.
VIII.—NEW BOOKS (1973)

VIII.—NEW BOOKS Get access Experience and Theory. Edited by LAWRENCE FOSTER and the late J. W. SWANSON. London: Duckworth, 1971. Pp. xii+160. £2.75. R. KIRK R. KIRK University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXXXII, Issue 325, January 1973, Pages 153–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXXXII.325.153 Published: 01 January 1973
A Review of Phosphorus- Containing Flame Retardants (1996)

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants include red phosphorus, inorganic phosphates, organophosphorus compounds and chlorophosphorus compounds. These are reviewed showing chemical structure and major applica tions. U.S., Western Europe and Japanese producers are given along with their trade names. Intumescent phosphorus systems and compounds are discussed.
Cryptocurrencies: an unconventional challenge to the AML/CFT regulators? (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to look closely at the phenomenon of the cryptocurrencies such as and bitcoin to identify their potential vulnerabilities to money laundering and financing of terrorism. It also explores their specific characteristics relevant to ML/FT risks. Design/methodology/approach – Using digicash and bitcoin protocols as primary cases for centralized and decentralized cryptocurrencies we analyse their characteristics against cash and cashless payments. We also draw on “bundle of attributes” that may define their attractiveness for common public or criminals. Findings – Our research shows that characteristics of the cryptocurrencies are unlikely to make them popular among the consumers, as demand for anonymity seems to be overrated. Cryptocurrencies can also be classified as payment instrument rather than private currencies; therefore their embededdness in the financial system minimizes the ML/FT risks. Research limitations/implications – Some decentralized cryptocurrencies operate within informal communities. Therefore, relations within these communities are constantly evolving and need to be monitored further. Practical implications – The paper provides an insight into the mechanics and classification of cryptocurrencies as payment instruments. Place of cryptocurrencies within the broader payment ecosystem defines their potential vulnerabilities to being abused by the criminals. Originality/value – The paper fills the gap in research on cryptocurrencies as payment instruments rather than private currencies and also provides an overview of their relevance for the Anti-money laundering and combating financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime.
Gamma-Ray Induced Absorption Band at 770 nm in Pure Silica Core Optical Fibers (1984)

The effects of the drawing conditions, OH content and irradiation temperature on radiation-induced optical absorption bands in step-index fibers with pure silica cores clad with silicone or F-doped silica have been investigated. A loss peak was induced at 770 nm in silicone-clad fibers with both low and high OH-content silica cores, but the loss peak occurred at 630 nm in F-doped silica-clad fibers under γ-ray irradiation. The drawing conditions affected the growth of the loss peak in both silicone-clad and F-doped silica-clad fibers. The 770 nm band decreased under γ-ray irradiation exceeding 100 Gy at room temperature but did not decrease at 77 K. Radiation hardening was produced in the 770 nm band by γ-ray irradiation at room temperature or by room temperature annealing after irradiation at 77 K. The loss peaks at 770 nm and 630 nm in the two kinds of fiber are discussed in relation to the differences in the cladding materials.
Threshold-based power allocation algorithms for down-link switched-based parallel scheduling (2007)

In this paper, we propose threshold-based power allocation algorithms for a recently proposed down-link switched based parallel scheduling (SBS) scheme and we present their performance results via computer simulations. As its name indicates it, the system re-allocates the extracted excess signal to noise ratio (SNR) from some acceptable users to unacceptable users among the scheduled users. After the power allocation process, the unacceptable users can reach acceptable SNRs and as such the number of effective acceptable users with an acceptable SNR threshold among the scheduled users is increased without any additional down-link transmit power. Some selected numerical results, show that the proposed power allocation algorithms offer a certain improvement in average spectral efficiency (ASE) and an increase in the average number of effective acceptable users. Although the average bit error rate (BER) performance degrades especially when the average SNR is close to the SNR threshold, this average BER performance still meets the average BER requirement.
High prevalence of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in comparison to islet cell antibodies in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1996)

To elucidate the clinical significance of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD Ab) compared to islet cell antibodies (ICA) in recent-onset and long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined GAD Ab and ICA in 29 recent-onset and 85 long-standing patients with IDDM. GAD Ab was detected by a radioimmunoassay kit using purified pig brain GAD as an antigen. The prevalence of GAD Ab in the recent-onset diabetic patients was 55.2%, slightly lower than that of ICA (65.5%). In contrast, the prevalence of GAD Ab in long-standing diabetic patients was 42.4%, which was significantly higher than that of ICA (23.5%) (p < 0.01). GAD Ab were consistently detected in approximately 40% of patients with long-standing disease, while ICA decreased according to duration of disease. The GAD Ab titer in ICA-positive patients (mean +/- SD, 1588.2 +/- 6755.1; range, 6-38574) was significantly higher than that in ICA-negative patients (mean +/- SD, 13.4 +/- 17.9; and range, 5-72 units) (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that GAD Ab are more useful than ICA to know participation of immune disorders in long-standing patients with IDDM.
655Val and 1170Pro ERBB2 SNPs in Familial Breast Cancer Risk and BRCA1 Alterations (2007)

Human ERBB2 presents several SNPs. One of these, Ile655Val, introduces a structural change in the transmembrane region of ERBB2 and has been the focus of debate over its potential role as a susceptibility marker for breast cancer risk. Another SNP, Ala1170Pro, introduces a structural change in the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of the protein, but its clinical and biological importance remains undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rare alleles of both SNPs and the risk of developing breast cancer, BRCA1 alterations and clinical-pathological features of Caucasian breast cancer patients with familial history of breast/ovarian cancer. The originality of the present paper is that it is the only specifically focusing on the relationship between ERBB2 SNPs and familiarity/BRCA1 characteristics. A consecutive series of 628 patients with first diagnosis of breast cancer and 169 healthy people had DNA analyzed for both SNPs. Genotypic or allelic frequencies of ERBB2 SNPs in breast cancer patients were similar than in controls. The variant allele 655Val was significantly associated with younger age (p=0.009) particularly associated with patient family history of breast cancer (p=0.02). The 655Val allele was also more commonly found in invasive, while the variant 1170Pro in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Furthermore, this last SNP seems to be strictly associated with the presence of BRCA1 polymorphisms. In conclusion, these findings point to the existence of an association of ERBB2 allelic variants at both loci with specific breast tumor phenotypes and to the need of deeply investigate different gene SNPs association for risk defining.
Intracellular multiplication of Legionnaires' disease bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) in human monocytes is reversibly inhibited by erythromycin and rifampin. (1983)

We have previously reported that virulent egg yolk-grown Legionella pneumophila, Philadelphia 1 strain, multiplies intracellularly in human blood monocytes and only intracellularly under tissue culture conditions. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of erythromycin and rifampin on L. pneumophila-monocyte interaction in vitro; erythromycin and rifampin are currently the drugs of choice for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. The intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila is inhibited by erythromycin and rifampin, as measured by colony-forming units, whether the antibiotics are added just before or just after infection of monocytes with L. pneumophila, or 2 d after infection when L. pneumophila is in the logarithmic phase of growth in monocytes. Intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila is inhibited by 1.25 microgram/ml but not less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml erythromycin and 0.01 microgram/ml but not less than or equal to 0.001 microgram/ml rifampin. These concentrations of antibiotics are comparable to those that inhibit extracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila under cell-free conditions in artificial medium; the minimal inhibitory concentration is 0.37 microgram/ml for erythromycin and 0.002 microgram/ml for rifampin. Multiplication of L. pneumophila in the logarithmic phase of growth in monocytes is inhibited within 1 h of the addition of antibiotics. Intracellular bacteria inhibited from multiplying by antibiotics are not killed. By electron microscopy, the bacteria appear intact within membrane-bound vacuoles, studded with ribosomelike structures. L. pneumophila multiplying extracellularly on artificial medium is killed readily by relatively low concentrations of erythromycin and rifampin; the minimal bactericidal concentration is 1 microgram/ml for erythromycin and 0.009 microgram/ml for rifampin. In contrast, L. pneumophila multiplying intracellularly is resistant to killing by these concentrations of erythromycin and rifampin or by concentrations equal to or greater than peak serum levels in humans. Extracellular L. pneumophila in stationary phase is also resistant to killing by erythromycin and rifampin. These findings, taken together with our previous work, indicate that, in vivo, L. pneumophila is resistant to killing by erythromycin and rifampin. Inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication in monocytes by antibiotics is reversible; when the antibiotics are removed from infected monocyte cultures after 2 d, L. pneumophila resumes multiplication. This study indicates that patients with Legionnaires' disease under treatment with erythromycin and rifampin require host defenses to eliminate L. pneumophila, and that inadequate host defenses may result in relapse after cessation of therapy.
Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer (2016)

Recent success of immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade in several malignancies has established the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Cancers use multiple mechanisms to co-opt the host-tumor immune interactions, leading to immune evasion. Our understanding of the host-tumor interactions has evolved over the past few years and led to various promising new therapeutic strategies. This article will focus on the basic principles of immunotherapy, novel pathways/agents, and combinatorial immunotherapies.
Latent Virus Reactivation Risk and Biological Drugs: Chronic Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Disorders (2013)

Psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, widely distributed in the population and induced by several environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Different therapies are currently used to treat these diseases. Since these pathologies are characterized by an altered production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and biological therapy is based on the development of monoclonal antibodies or recombinant proteins against these molecules, this therapy represents an important option. Nevertheless, it was recently reported that biological agents have been associated with serious life-threatening infections. This article aims to summarize literature data on viral reactivation risk that clinicians need to take into account when selecting the most appropriate biological therapy for such patients.
Epitaxial deposition of GaAs and GaAsP on Ge substrates (1978)

The successful deposition of GaAsP epitaxial layers on (001) -Ge substrates is reported. The Tietjen and Amick vapor-phase epitaxial technique is applied without modification. Hence the deposition can be transferred to technical production. Autodoping, i.e., the incorporation of Ge atoms in the epitaxial layer, was suppressed by choosing adequate back-surface passivation layers and by proper control of the epitaxial program steps. Evidence for the suppression of autodoping was given by carrier concentration measurements and by photoluminescence spectroscopy of GaAs layers on Ge substrates. The latter revealed no signs of Ge acceptors in the GaAs epitaxial layers, which means the concentration of Ge must be lower than at least 5×1014 cm−3. Based on this result the deposition of GaAs1−xPx on Ge substrates was studied with x?0.38 as an aim. After having attained an acceptable state of progress the layers were tested by zinc diffusion to get p-n junctions and light-emitting diodes. Commercial GaAsP samples were simultaneously subjected to the same treatment for control. We finally succeeded in producing diodes emitting red light with a dominant band-to-band peak of 15 nm width at room temperature.
E-Class - a multimedia and Web based distance learning system (2005)

In this paper, we present the development of a multimedia system for the real-time delivery of online courses. The system provides the instructor with a real-life environment to teach in a manner similar to a classroom. The instructor's video, audio, hand-writing, drawing and slide presentations are synchronized and streamed, and at the same time the students can view the lectures online in a simulated classroom environment. One of the main strengths of this system is that the instructor's lectures can be archived for future usage by the students. The students can interrupt the teacher and are also given the opportunity to ask questions.