gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF HUMAN ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES (2003)

These results suggest that, within articular cartilage, there are chondrogenic cells that exhibit a level of phenotypic plasticity that is comparable with that of MSCs. However, there was a difference in the expression of bone in the in vivo assay.
A relaxational extracting method for character recognition in scene images (2003)

An effective extraction algorithm for character recognition in scene images is developed. Character candidate regions are detected by an image segmentation method based on adaptive thresholding and by evaluating gray-level difference between adjacent regions. Character pattern candidates are obtained by associating the detected regions according to their positions and gray levels and evaluating the aspect ratio of the rectangle that circumscribes the associated regions. The character recognition process selects character pattern candidates with high similarities to any categories in a dictionary (high similarity patterns). Highly promising experimental results have been obtained using the method on 100 images acquired under uncontrolled lighting. This algorithm can be applied to read characters of any size and format under various lighting conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel <i>cis</i>-Acting Element in Promoters of Plant B-Type Cyclin Genes Activates M Phase–Specific Transcription (1998)

Plant B-type cyclin genes are expressed late in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Previously, we showed that the promoter of a Catharanthus roseus B-type cyclin, CYM, could direct M phase-specific transcription of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in synchronously dividing BY2 tobacco cells. In this study, we determined the regulatory elements contained within the CYM promoter by using a luciferase reporter gene. Mutational analysis showed that a 9-bp element is essential for M phase-specific promoter activity in synchronized BY2 cells. The CYM promoter contains three other sequences similar to this element. A gain-of-function assay demonstrated that when fused to a heterologous promoter, these elements are sufficient for M phase-specific expression; therefore, we named these elements M-specific activators (MSAs). We found MSA-like sequences in B-type cyclin promoters from tobacco, soybean, and Arabidopsis as well as in the promoters of two M phase-specific genes, NACK1 and NACK2, which encode tobacco kinesin-like proteins. Thus, MSA may be a common cis-acting promoter element that controls M phase-specific expression of cell cycle-related genes in plants.
Monumental Brasses in Northern Counties (1938)

Monumental Brasses in Northern Counties Get access H. C. Andrews, F.S.A. H. C. Andrews, F.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 174, Issue 11, 12 March 1938, Page 194, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/174.11.194c Published: 12 March 1938
Destruction of Definity® Microbubbles Used for Ultrasound Imaging and Drug Delivery (2004)

Microbubble based contrast agents improves medical ultrasound images. Destruction of contrast agent Definity® (Bristol Meyer-Squibb Imaging, North Ballerina, MA) is studied using broadband attenuation technique. Single-cycle ultrasound pulses are sent through a bubble suspension at different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) and pressure amplitudes. For each PRF, there is a critical pressure amplitude (~1.1–1.2MPa for 50, 100, 200 Hz PRFs studied), below which there is no evidence of bubble destruction. Above the critical pressure amplitudes the rate of destruction depends on PRF and pressure. But at high pressure amplitudes (e.g. 2.97 MPa) destruction becomes independent at higher PRFs.
100 Selective Oxygenation of <i>p</i>-Xylene to <i>p</i>-Tolualdehyde via Photoinduced Electron Transfer (2000)

The 100% selective oxygenation of p-xylene to p-tolualdehyde is initiated by photoinduced electron transfer from p-xylene to the singlet excited state of 10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium ion under visible light irradiation, yielding p-tolualdehyde exclusively as the final oxygenated product. The reason for the high selectivity in the photocatalytic oxygenation of p-xylene is discussed on the basis of the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism.
Sensor for measuring the atomic fraction in highly dissociated hydrogen (1995)

Atomic hydrogen is a very important constituent for a number of important processes. These include the removal of oxides from GaAs, the effective cleaning of oxides and hydrocarbons from Ge and Si surfaces, the chemical passivation and surface reconstruction of cleaned Si surfaces, the annealing of amorphous silicon, and the deposition of diamond films. Because the usual techniques for measuring the atomic fraction are either expensive and cumbersome to use or unsuitable for application to highly dissociated hydrogen, a specially designed sensor was developed. Sensor design is based on a diffusion tube with noncatalytic walls, having one end open to the atom source and a catalytic closure at the other end. The sensor is simple and inexpensive to fabricate, and determining atom density is straightforward. Sensor design also inhibits thermal runaway, which occurs when the atom density is high enough to impart enough recombination energy to the noncatalytic surface to substantially raise its temperature. While recombination coefficients for such surfaces are very low near room temperature, they increase nearly exponentially with temperature unless actively cooled. With the use of a straightforward calibration scheme to determine the variation in species fraction along the diffusion tube, the atomic fraction at the tube opening is determined. Design strategy, implementation considerations, and calibration method are presented. In addition, data obtained from an atomic hydrogen source are compared to relevant published data.
Encouraging women physicists (1969)

The note in the Secretary's column of the April issue of Physics Bulletin (p. 122) concerning the number of women Members of the Institute and Society inevitably leads one to ask what the Institute and Society is doing to encourage women physicists to join and to remain Members and, more importantly, what effort is being made to encourage more girls to study physics at school and to enter careers in the physical sciences and engineering. For women in permanent full time employment in the universities or in industry, the reasons for applying for Membership are the same as for their male colleagues and no special inducement need, or should, be offered.
The effects of organic acids, phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables (1983)

1. Non-haem iron absorption from a variety of vegetable meals was studied in parous Indian Women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method. 2. The studies were undertaken to establish whether Fe absorption could be correlatedwith the chemical composition of the foodstuff. 3. Addition of the following organic acids commonly found in vegetables, improved the geometric mean Fe absorption from a basic rice meal as follows: from 0·028 to 0·085 with 1 g citric acid, from 0·031 to 0·081 with 15 mg ascorbic acid, from 0·048 to 0·095 with 1 g L-malic acid, from 0·041 to 0·096 with 1 g tartaric acid. The only exception was oxalic acid; the addition of 1 g calciumoxalate to cabbage ( Brassica oleraceae ) was associated with some depression in Fe absorption from 0·320 to 0·195. 4. There was a marked inhibition of the geometric mean absorption when 500 mg tannic acid was added to a broccoli ( Brassica oleraceae ) meal (0·015 v . 0·297). Sodium phytate (2 g) caused a similar, though less profound inhibition (0·035 to 0·152). 5. When 3 mg ferrous sulphate was added to different vegetables the geometric mean absorption varied widely. Vegetables of low Fe bioavailability were wheat germ ( Triticum aestivum ) 0·007, aubergine ( Solanum melongena ) 0·007, butter beans ( Phaseolus lunatus ) 0·012, spinach ( Spinacea oleraceae ) 0·014, brown lentils ( Lens culinaris ) 0·024, beetroot greens ( Beta vulgaris ) 0·024 and green lentils ( Lens culinaris ) 0·032. In contrast, bioavailability was moderate or good with carrot ( Daucus carota ) 0·098, potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) 0·115, beetroot ( Beta vulgaris ) 0·185, pumpkin ( Cucurbita mixta ) 0·206, broccoli 0·260, tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) 0·224, cauliflower ( Brassica oleraceae ) 0·263, cabbage 0·320, turnip ( Brassica rapa ) 0·327 and sauerkraut 0·327. 6. All the vegetables associated with moderate or good Fe bioavailability contained appreciable amounts of one or more of the organic acids, malic, citric and ascorbic acids. 7. Poor Fe bioavailability was noted in vegetables with high phytate contents (e.g. wheat germ 0·007, butter beans 0·012, brown lentils 0·024 and green lentils 0·032). 8. The fact that a number of vegetables associated with low Fe-absorption turned bluish-black when Fe was added to them, suggested that the total polyphenol content in them was high. The vegetables included aubergine spinach, brown lentils, green lentils and beetroot greens. When the total polyphenol content in all the vegetables tested was formally measured, there was a significant inverse correlation (r 0·859, P < 0·001) between it and Fe absorption. The inverse correlation between the non-hydrolysable polyphenol content and Fe absorption was r 0·901 (P < 0·001). 9. The major relevance of these findings is the fact that the total absorption of non-haem-Fe from a mixed diet may be profoundly influenced by the presence of single vegetables with either marked enhancing or inhibiting effects on Fe bioavailability.
Legislative knowledge base systems for public administration (1991)

This paper looks at three aspects of the use of knowledge base systems which model provisions of legislation:
Reactions of Laser Ablated Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium Atoms with Oxygen Molecules in Condensing Argon (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Laser Ablated Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium Atoms with Oxygen Molecules in Condensing ArgonGeorge V. Chertihin and Lester AndrewsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 17, 6356–6366Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100017a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100017a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Delayed Closed-Loop Scheme for Stepping Motor Control (1976)

An efficient method for control of stepping motor speed and position, the delayed closed-loop (DCL) mode, is described. The new technique permits control of high-speed motor motion by means of a programmed speed-displacement characteristic. The method combines the static-speed control characteristic of the open-loop mode with the stable dynamic behavior of the closed-loop mode. Unlike other schemes for delayed closed-loop control, the present configuration features an extension of delay time to more than one step duration, significantly improving the velocity control. The phase angle can also be varied to ±180°, permitting adequate control of deceleration as well as acceleration. A stability analysis is made of the DCL control method. In an illustrative example, the technique is applied to control of the carriage drive on an experimental high-speed line printer.
Apolipoprotein E, Smooth Muscle Cells and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: the Potential Role of Impaired Cerebrovascular Aβ Clearance (2000)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is caused by the deposition of beta-amyloid (A beta) in Alzheimer disease brains. It also occurs isolated, representing a major cause for cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly. The E4 genotype of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a risk factor for CAA; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this genetic association is unknown. Various findings suggest that cerebrovascular A beta is derived from the soluble A beta contained in the cortical extracellular space or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates and surrounds small cortical or leptomeningeal vessels. CAA deposits are always intimately associated with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or SMC-derived pericytes. As we have previously reported, SMCs internalize A beta in vitro via a lipoprotein pathway involving ApoE and the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. Internalized A beta is subsequently located to lysosomes, suggesting its intracellular degradation. We show that A beta is internalized via multiple pathways, because class A and class B scavenger receptors are also colocalized to A beta-containing endosomes in SMCs, and A beta uptake is inhibited by various scavenger receptor antagonists. It has been recently shown for different cell types that the cellular uptake of ApoE is more efficient for the ApoE3 isoform when compared to ApoE4 and that this isoform-specific difference depends on the presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). HSPG is produced by SMCs and promotes A beta fibrillogenesis. We propose a pathogenetic model of CAA, in which the ApoE- and HSPG-mediated clearance of CSF-derived A beta peptides by SMCs protects the vascular extracellular matrix against critical A beta concentrations. Impairment of this pathway or its reduced efficiency in carriers of the ApoE4 genotype may increase the risk of developing CAA.
On multicollinearity in nonlinear econometric models with mis-specified error terms in large samples (2011)

The Cobb-Douglas model is a common occurrence in econometrics and other areas of research. Earlier results show that the consequence is more serious when a multiplicative error plagued data set is fitted with an additive error based model than vice-versa. In this study, involving large samples, we investigate the impact of multicollinearity in nonlinear econometric models with mis-specified error terms. .As it was in small samples, we observe that in large samples the above result and trend also hold in the presence of multicollinearity. It is also observed that the effect of multicollinearity is not purged by large sample size.

	 

	Key words: Cobb-Douglass model, mis-specified error terms, multicollinearity.
Multiple dictionary learning for blocking artifacts reduction (2012)

We present a structured dictionary learning method to remove blocking artifacts without blurring edges or making any assumption over image gradients. Instead of a single overcomplete dictionary, we build multiple subspaces and impose sparsity on nonzero reconstruction coefficients when we project a given texture sample on each subspace separately. In case the texture matches to the dataset with which the subspace is trained, the corresponding response will be stronger and that subspace will be chosen to represent the texture. In this manner we compute the representations of all patches in the image and aggregate these to obtain the final image. Since the block artifacts are small in magnitude in comparison to actual image edges, aggregation efficiently removes the artifacts but keep the image gradients. We discuss the choices of subspace parameterizations and adaptation to given data. Our results on a large dataset of benchmark images demonstrate that the presented method provides superior results in terms of pixel-wise (PSNR) and perceptual (SSIM) measures.
Identification and characterization of insulin-like growth factor receptors on adult rat cardiac myocytes: linkage to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation. (1992)

Cultured cardiac myocytes from adult Sprague-Dawley rats express both insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors and insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II/Man6P) receptors and respond to IGF-I with a dose-dependent accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate [Ins(1,4)P2]. Specific binding of [125I]IGF-I to isolated membranes from cultured cardiac myocytes amounted to 1-1.2%. Binding of [125I]IGF-I was inhibited by unlabeled IGF-I at nanomolar concentrations and insulin at much higher concentrations. These data suggest that IGF-I binds to its own receptor on rat cardiac myocytes. Competitive binding studies using isolated membranes from cardiac myocytes and [125I]IGF-II showed 2-4% specific binding. Binding of [125I]IGF-II was inhibited by IGF-II and much less potently by IGF-I and insulin. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 3637 (an IgG directed against the IGF-II/Man6P receptor) partially inhibited binding of [125I]IGF-II whereas nonimmune IgG did not. Affinity cross-linking studies with [125I]IGF-II and cardiac myocyte membranes and subsequent analysis of the ligand-receptor complex using SDS-PAGE and autoradiography showed a radiolabeled band of approximately 250 kilodalton (kDa). The formation of the [125I]IGF-II-receptor complex was inhibited by incubation with IGF-II and IgG 3637 but not by insulin or nonimmune IgG. Western blotting of protein extracts from cultured cardiac myocytes was performed using IgG 3637 and an immunoperoxidase technique for the visualization of the IGF-II/Man6P receptor protein. A specific band at 220 kDa under nonreducing conditions was detected on the blots, providing further evidence for the expression of the IGF-II/Man6P receptor by cardiac myocytes. The effect of IGFs on the accumulation of inositol phosphates was measured by HPLC analysis of perchloric acid extracts from myo-[3H]inositol-labeled cultured cardiac myocytes. IGF-I (50 ng/ml) stimulated the accumulation both of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,4)P2 after 30 sec by 43% and 63%. IGF-II (up to 500 ng/ml) had no significant effect on inositol phosphate accumulation under the same conditions. However, in the presence of millimolar concentrations of Man6P, IGF-II (500 ng/ml) also increased Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation by 59%. We conclude that cardiac myocytes from adult rats express IGF receptors and respond to IGFs with the accumulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,4)P2. This effect seems to be mediated by an IGF-I receptor-specific pathway.
Advances in Selective Area Laser Deposition of Silicon Carbide (2018)

Selective Area Laser Deposition (SALD) is a Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) technique which\nuses a scanning laser beam to produce solid material by locally decomposing a gas precursor. In\nthis work, a focused C02 laser beam strikes a substrate in the presence oftetramethylsilane\n(TMS) or diethylsilane (DES), producing silicon carbide objects with high density and no binder\nphase. Recent investigation has yielded growth rates up to 2.7mlnJmin in the beam area, and has\neliminated previously noted contamination ofthe optics by a byproduct which mass\nspectroscopy identifies as silicon dioxide. This paper reviews a cause of non-uniform growth and\ndelTIOnstrates the addition of hydrogen and reduced scan speeds to lTIake lTIultilayer parts. In\naddition, it presents a lTIethod for in-situ measurement of height of deposited material.
Pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) in critically ill patients (1997)

The liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) greatly reduces the acute and chronic side effects of the parent drug. The present study describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of AmBisome applied to 10 patients at a dose of 2.8 to 3.0 mg/kg of body weight and compares them to the pharmacokinetics observed in 6 patients treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate at the standard dose of 1.0 mg/kg. Interpatient variabilities of amphotericin B peak concentrations (Cmax) and areas under concentration-time curves (AUC) were 8- to 10-fold greater for patients treated with AmBisome than for patients treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate. At the threefold greater dose of AmBisome, median Cmaxs were 8.4-fold higher (14.4 versus 1.7 microg/ml) and median AUCs exceeded those observed with amphotericin B deoxycholate by 9-fold. This was in part explained by a 5.7-fold lower volume of distribution (0.42 liters/kg) in AmBisome-treated patients. The elimination of amphotericin B from serum was biphasic for both formulations. However, the apparent half-life of elimination was twofold shorter for AmBisome (P = 0.03). Neither hemodialysis nor hemofiltration had a significant impact on AmBisome pharmacokinetics as analyzed in one patient. In conclusion, the liposomal formulation of amphotericin B significantly (P = 0.001) reduces the volume of drug distribution, thereby allowing for greater drug concentrations in serum. The low toxicity of AmBisome therefore cannot readily be explained by its serum pharmacokinetics.
Variability of olfactory thresholds (1988)

It is well known from earlier studies that olfactory thresholds are extremely variable across subjects. The present study demonstrates that the major source of this variability is the fluctuation of any individual's threshold over time. Each of the three subjects gave 60 thresholds, two on each of 30 testing days and 20 each for three odorants: butanol, pyridine and β-phenylethylmethylethylcarbinol. The variability of each subject was of comparable magnitude to that encountered among large groups of subjects tested only once. In contrast, the mean thresholds of the three subjects were much alike. The outcome suggests that the extreme fluctuations of threshold from one test to another may tend to obscure real and stable average differences among subjects' olfactory keenness or dullness.
20-HETE and the kidney: resolution of old problems and new beginnings (1999)

The protean properties of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), vasoactivity, mitogenicity, and modulation of transport in key nephron segments, serve as the basis for the essential roles of 20-HETE in the regulation of the renal circulation and electrolyte excretion and as a second messenger for endothelin-1 and mediator of selective renal effects of ANG II. Renal autoregulation and tubular glomerular feedback are mediated by 20-HETE through constriction of preglomerular arterioles, responses that are maintained by 20-HETE inhibition of calcium-activated potassium channels. 20-HETE modulates ion transport in the proximal tubules and the thick ascending limb by affecting the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, respectively. The range and diversity of activity of 20-HETE derives in large measure from COX-dependent transformation of 20-HETE to products affecting vasomotion and salt and water excretion. Nitric oxide (NO) exerts a negative modulatory effect on 20-HETE formation; inhibition of NO synthesis produces marked perturbation of renal function resulting from increased 20-HETE production. 20-HETE is an essential component of interactions involving several hormonal systems that have central roles in blood pressure homeostasis, including angiotensins, endothelins, NO, and cytokines. 20-HETE is the preeminent renal eicosanoid, overshadowing PGE2 and PGI2. This review is intended to provide evidence for the physiological roles for cytochrome P-450-derived eicosanoids, particularly 20-HETE, and seeks to extend this knowledge to a conceptual framework for overall cardiovascular function.