gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAPID DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (1994)

Recent advancements in biotechnology are rapidly altering the diagnostic procedures used in microbiologic analysis of foods. Biochemical identification tests have been miniaturized and automated, making them faster and more economical. Pathogenic bacteria that were previously isolated and identified after labor- and time-intensive enrichment and plating procedures can now be detected by measuring specific physicochemical changes resulting from their growth or metabolic activity. Nucleic acid and antibody-based assays are now used to rapidly and reliably detect pathogenic bacteria in foods. Nevertheless, foods offer unique challenges to the application of these techniques because of their complexity and variety, their interference with the rapid detection methods, and the need to detect pathogenic bacteria when they are present in foods at very low levels. Methods to sequester target pathogenic bacteria from interfering food components and to concentrate them in small volumes are needed to enable the efficient application of rapid detection and identification methods.
SAR by ILOEs: An NMR‐Based Approach to Reverse Chemical Genetics (2005)

Reverse chemical genetics is an emerging technique that makes use of small molecule inhibitors to characterize how a protein functions. In this regard, we have developed an NMR-based approach (SAR by ILOEs) that enables the identification of high affinity ligands for a given protein target without the need of a specific assay. Our approach is of general applicability and could result very powerful in reverse chemical-genetics studies, target validation, and lead discovery. We report a recent application on the design and synthesis of compounds that inhibit protein-membrane interactions.
Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB (2016)

Research in RBC transfusion medicine has significantly advanced the science in recent years and provides high-quality evidence to inform guidelines. A restrictive transfusion threshold is safe in most clinical settings and the current blood banking practices of using standard-issue blood should be continued.
Helplessness in early childhood: the role of contingent worth. (1995)

This article presents an expanded view of the bases of helpless reactions to failure. This view stems from recent findings of helplessness in young children. Previous formulations have stressed the attainment of invariant trait conceptions as a necessary condition for helplessness to occur and have suggested that children are relatively invulnerable to helplessness prior to this attainment. We review a series of studies documenting that key aspects of helplessness are present in preschool and early elementary school children (ages 4-7). We then propose a preliminary model in which (a) a general conception of self and (b) the notion of this self as an object of contingent worth are sufficient conditions for helplessness. We integrate this view with Dweck and Leggett's model of helplessness in older individuals, in which more differentiated trait conceptions play an important role.
Modulating and scanning the mode-lock frequency of an 800-MHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (1999)

An 800-MHz self-mode-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser has been developed whose mode-lock frequency can be robustly scanned and modulated. The laser is based on the three-element design of Ramaswamy-Paye and Fujimoto [Opt. Lett. 19, 1756 (1994)]. By translation and modulation of the position of the prismatic output coupler, the mode-lock frequency can be reliably scanned more than 1% and modulated at 80 Hz with a deviation of 2.5 kHz without interrupting the mode lock, changing the pulse length, or inducing significant amplitude modulation. An application in tunable high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy is also demonstrated.
A Fractal Dimensional Analysis on the Cloud Shape Parameters of Cumulus over Land (1998)

High-resolution Landsat thematic mapper image data were employed in the present study to estimate the influence of regional wind systems on the macrophysical properties of cumulus clouds, such as perimeter fractal dimension, orientation angle, and cloud-base height. As a case study, an image of cumulus clouds was chosen in which small- and large-sized clouds prevail over the land in the presence of local winds. Cloud extraction from backgrounds becomes difficult when the background comprises various brightnesses. Furthermore, the surface brightness of a cloud is not uniform when shadows appear on the surface. These effects contribute to errors in cloud extraction only using a simple threshold. To address these problems, technical improvements in processing, including the combination of clustering, dynamic threshold, and edge detection, are presented and shown to produce more accurate cloud outlines seen from the zenith direction. The clouds’ statistical area–perimeter relation was shown to confirm that the fractal dimension of the cumuli follows the double power law: two different perimeter fractal dimensions exist for larger clouds and for smaller clouds. Correspondence of the bending point (around 0.7 km2) in the area–perimeter relation with the bending point in the area–major axis relation was also demonstrated. Analysis of cloud orientation showed that larger clouds (>0.7 km2) indicate the approximate direction of the local wind, whereas smaller clouds do not show clear tendencies in their directions, suggesting that there is a difference in formation between larger and smaller clouds. These findings suggest that in the presence of horizontal local wind, larger clouds are likely to be formed by aggregation of smaller cloud cells (unicellular clouds) during the process of alignment to become long- and roll-shaped clouds (multicellular clouds). Uneven distribution of cloud-base height was also demonstrated in this study. Clouds with higher base levels are found to locate along the convergence zones of a sea breeze.
Human parechoviruses?biology and clinical significance (2000)

A new genus of the family Picornaviridae, Parechovirus, has recently been recognised on the basis of distinctive biological and molecular properties. In particular: parechoviruses exhibit characteristic effects on the host cell; cleavage of the capsid protein VP0, required for maturation of the virus particle in most other picornaviruses, does not occur; there is a unique extension, which is highly basic in character, to the N-terminus of the capsid protein VP3; and the 2A protein, in common with those of only two other known picornaviruses, is a homologue of a family of cellular proteins involved in the control of cell proliferation. The type member of the Parechovirus genus is a frequent human pathogen, formerly known as echovirus 22, which has been renamed human parechovirus 1. The genus also includes the closely related virus, human parechovirus 2 (formerly echovirus 23). Human parechoviruses generally cause mild, gastrointestinal or respiratory illness, but more serious consequences of infection, such as myocarditis and encephalitis have been reported. Most infections occur in young children. Ljungan virus, a newly identified virus of rodents, shares a number of molecular features with the human parechoviruses, raising important questions about the evolution of parechoviruses and their introduction into the human population.
Evaluation for Various Resource Allocation Methods for Multiuser-MIMO OFDMA Systems (2007)

A simple algorithm to select user-pair and allocate frequency band is proposed for multiuser-MIMO OFDMA systems. For sake of comparison, various resource allocation algorithms, such as max-throughput, best-fit, first-fit, and random-fit algorithm, are examined with regard to the system throughput, computational complexity, and fairness among the users. Computer simulation results show that the first-fit algorithm can achieve a large reduction of computation for resource allocation as well as good fairness among users, with only a small reduction of throughput.
Low-loss silica-on-silicon two-dimensional Fabry–Perot cavity based on holographic Bragg reflectors (2005)

We report on the demonstration of an integrated slab-waveguide-based concentric Fabry-Perot resonator that employs holographic Bragg reflectors as cavity mirrors. The cavity, produced in a low-loss silica-on-silicon slab waveguide by high-fidelity deep-ultraviolet photolithographic fabrication, exhibits a reflectivity-limited Q factor of approximately 10(5). Increasing the mirror's reflectivity will provide Q values similar to those of silica-based ring resonators, whereas the folded Fabry-Perot resonator design allows access to a substantially larger free spectral range by cavity shortening.
The Effects of Acetone, Ethanol, HEMA, and Air on the Stiffness of Human Decalcified Dentin Matrix (1996)

During resin-bonding procedures, dentin surfaces are treated with acidic conditioners to remove the smear layer and decalcify the surface to expose the collagen fibrils of the underlying matrix. These decalcified surfaces are then either air-dried or treated with dehydrating solvents, procedures which may modify the physical properties of the dentin matrix. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dehydration on the stiffness of the decalcified dentin matrix. Small (8 x 1.7 x 0.9 mm) beams of dentin were prepared from mid-coronal dentin of extracted human molars. The ends were covered with varnish for protection, and the specimens were placed in 0.5 M EDTA for 5 days to decalcify. The stiffness was measured by both the cantilever technique and by conventional stress-strain testing. Specimens tested by the cantilever technique were sequentially exposed to water, acetone, alcohol, HEMA, and glutaraldehyde. Specimens tested by conventional stress-strain testing were exposed either to water, acetone, or HEMA, or were allowed to air-dry. The results indicate that the stiffness of decalcified human dentin matrix is very low (ca. 7 MPa), if the specimens are wet with water. As they are dehydrated, either chemically in water-miscible organic solvents or physically in air, the stiffness increases 20- to 38-fold at low strains or three- to six-fold at high strains. These increases in modulus were rapidly reversed by rehydration in water. Exposure to glutaraldehyde also produced an increase in stiffness that was not reversible when the specimens were placed back in water.
Object-Oriented Color Matching by Image Clustering (1998)

An object-oriented color matching strategy depending on the image contents is proposed. Pictorial color image is segmented into different object areas with clustered color distributions. Euclidian or Mahalanobis color distance measures, and Bayesian decision rule based on maximum likelihood theory, are introduced to the segmentation. After the objects' segmentation, each clustered pixels are projected onto principal component space by Hotelling transform and the color mappings are performed for the principal components to be matched in between the individual objects of original and printed images.
A Variable Thickness Low Temperature Infra-Red CeH*,† (1950)

An infra-red absorption cell has been designed and constructed for use at low temperatures. This cell incorporates flat silver chloride windows and possesses a mechanism for varying the sample thickness with the cell in place. The present cell is satisfactory for use down to about liquid hydrogen temperatures but, with some minor changes, can be redesigned for use at lower temperatures.
A realistic approach to the capacity of cellular CDMA systems (2002)

The effects of imperfect power control and soft handoff on the capacity of DS-CDMA cellular systems are investigated. In our analysis, the approach is to employ appropriate models for signals and network configuration and derive analytical results. For power control error, the received signals at the cell site are modeled differently and the fitness of models are argued. In the other part, soft handoff effect in reducing forward-link capacity is studied based on a simplified cell model. The result of this study questions the improvement of system capacity due to soft handoff.
Spectral correlation of partially or fully developed speckle patterns generated by rough surfaces (1985)

The correlation between the intensities of partially or fully developed far-field speckle patterns of two different wavelengths is investigated, assuming Gaussian field amplitudes. The degree of spectral speckle correlation depends mainly on the standard deviation of the surface height distribution, the wavelength difference, the angle of incidence, and the number of independent scattering cells in the illuminated surface spot. It provides a simple way of performing noncontact surface-roughness measurements with a variable measuring range. The theory, which has so far been restricted to fully developed speckle patterns with circular field statistics, is extended to partially developed speckles. Assumptions about the circularity or noncircularity of the speckle patterns are not necessary. An experiment has been carried out to support the theoretical results.
Structural basis for regulation of bifunctional roles in replication initiator protein (2007)

DNA replication initiator protein RepE stringently regulates F plasmid replication by its two distinct molecular association states. A predominant dimer functions as an autogenous repressor, whereas monomers act as replication initiators, and the dimer requires actions of the DnaK molecular chaperone system for monomerization. The structure of the monomeric form is known, whereas the dimeric structure and structural details of the dimer-to-monomer conversion have been unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of the RepE dimer in complex with the repE operator DNA. The dimerization interface is mainly formed by intermolecular beta-sheets with several key interactions of charged residues. The conformations of the internal N- and C-terminal domains are conserved between the dimer and monomer, whereas the relative domain orientations are strikingly different, allowing for an efficient oligomeric transition of dual-functional RepE. This domain relocation accompanies secondary structural changes in the linker connecting the two domains, and the linker is included in plausible DnaK/DnaJ-binding regions. These findings suggest an activation mechanism for F plasmid replication by RepE monomerization, which is induced and mediated by the DnaK system.
Fax: Digital Facsimile Technology and Applications (1992)

Standards activities in fax group 3 facsimile group 4 facsimile scanning technology printing technology advanced coding of binary images coding gray scale and colour pictures fax test charts the fax market fax customer advice facsimile services the future for fax.
A Real-time Continuous Automatic Focus Algorithm for Digital Cameras (2006)

Most conventional continuous auto-focus algorithms appearing in the literature fail to address how to focus on a desired near object when there are multiple objects in the scene, especially in the presence of a high contrast background. The stability and responsiveness of these methods also hinge on hard-to-set thresholds. In this paper, a multiple-window, rule-based, continuous auto-focus method is presented which is capable of focusing on a desired object and deploys easy-to-set thresholds which control stability and responsiveness. This method has been implemented for real-time use on the Texas Instruments Digital Camera Development System powered by the DM320 media processor. Experimental results show that the method provides stable and responsive focusing suitable for both live preview and movie modes of digital still/video cameras
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Ring‐Opening Reaction of Epoxides with Nitric Oxide. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (1954)

for a national register of manuscripts has itENTHUSIASM self had a respectable history. Such a register or union catalog has been described as just the handmaiden to answer one of Clio's most pressing ulong-felt needs. Pertinent as it might be, the scope of this paper does not permit my establishing the historical setting for the present proposals that are being made by the Library of Congress. It will be possible only to tell you what these plans are. My paper, therefore, does not have a thesis; its burden is no more than a factual statement of what has recently been done. I have hesitated in using the term burden because of the connotation it may have. It certainly is no burden for me to discuss this topic of great (possibly overweening) interest to those of us at the Library of Congress who are engaged in the work of preserving manuscripts and making them available for use. While I have forsworn to recount the various earlier efforts of individuals and institutions to establish bibliographical control of manuscripts and will not comment upon the probable reasons why their plans failed, I should like to quote one plea, aptly expressed, for such a register as the Library of Congress is attempting to establish. In 1947 Theodore G. Blegen in a chapter called A Bid for Cooperation in his Grass Roots History said:
Submillimeter-wave detection with superconducting tunnel diodes (1992)

The review presents a theoretical framework for understanding submillimeter detection using an optical photodiode theory. Both gain and noise in the superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer are described in terms of mixing on a photodiode. The role of impedance matching in the proper design of an SIS mixer is described. A variety of methods for achieving good impedance match at submillimeter frequencies are presented. The state of the submillimeter SIS mixer art as practiced in a variety of laboratories is described and summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovery of Novel 2‐<i>N</i>‐Aryl‐Substituted Benzenesulfonamidoacetamides: Orally Bioavailable Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors with Marked Antitumor Activities (2012)

The discovery and optimization of a series of 2-N-aryl-substituted benzenesulfonamidoacetamides as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors are described. Pharmacophore exploration of hit compound AH-487 identified the optimal structure of N-heteroaryl-2-(4-methoxy-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phenylsulfonamido)acetamide as a potent antimitotic agent. Subsequent lead compounds 4b and 4c, with N-4-aminophenyl and N-1H-indol-5-yl substitutions at the acetamide position, respectively, were shown to induce cell-cycle arrest at the G(2) /M phase and lead to an accumulation of HeLa cells in the sub-G(1) phase. More significantly, these lead compounds (3c, 4b, and 4c) exhibit impressive cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells including P-glycoprotein-overexpressing MDR-positive cells, with potency greater than or equal to clinically studied benzenesulfonamide E7010. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that derivatives of AH-487 disrupt mitotic spindles by inhibiting microtubule polymerization and induce apoptosis via induction of Bcl-2 phosphorylation in tumor cells. The optimized leads 4b and 4c strongly inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a mouse xenograft model.
Preparative-scale enzymic synthesis of <scp>d</scp>-[14C]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (1978)

A procedure is described to prepare uniformly labelled D-[14C]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate enzymically from uniformly labelled D-[14C]glucose through the coupled reactions catalysed by hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) and 5-phosphoribulokinase (EC 2.7.1.19). All reagents utilized in the method are commercially available. The procedure is a reliable preparative-scale method for synthesizing the dibarium salt of D-[14C]ribulose 1,5-biphosphate with a specific radioactivity up to 7 mCi/mmol and a purity near 90%. The final product was free of other 14C-labelled sugars, sugar phosphate esters, Pi and nucleotides.
Effect of geometry on magnetic domain structure in Ni wires with perpendicular anisotropy: A magnetic force microscopy study (2008)

We investigated the magnetic domain structure of thermally evaporated nickel wires with perpendicular anisotropy as a function of width and geometry. Magnetic force microscope images revealed the presence of stripe domains, which tended to orient themselves either perpendicular or parallel to the edges of the wires. This is in agreement with the result of the minimization of the total magnetic energy of a wire near an edge, which predicts the minima of energy in these two particular cases. The general orientation of the stripes in wider wires can be manipulated by using an in-plane external field, but the stripe orientation in the vicinity of the edge stays unaffected. A rough edge forces the stripe domains to orient themselves perpendicular to the edge, rather than parallel to it. In narrow wires, the stripe domains are parallel to the edge, and the width of the domain increases as the width of the sample is decreased in order to fit an integer number of domains in the wire.
A MORPHOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM FOR SEPARATING OFF-TERRAIN POINTS FROM TERRAIN POINTS IN LASER SCANNING DATA (2005)

During the last decade various techniques have been proposed to extract the ground surface from airborne LIDAR data. The basic problem is the separation of terrain points from off-terrain points which are both recorded by the LIDAR sensor. In particular geometry driven filtering, detection or classification procedures are developed which use knowledge to find points, e.g. on buildings or vegetation. Depending on the application the off-terrain points are excluded from further processing, e.g. for DTM generation, or used, e.g. for building reconstruction. In this paper a new method is proposed to separate 3D off-terrain points from the terrain points. Morphological grayscale reconstruction plays the key role in the proposed algorithm to produce the bare ground. After a short description of morphological reconstruction an algorithm based on this technique is presented. Issues of the implementation of the morphological reconstruction algorithm are discussed and illustrated. Experiments are carried out with different LIDAR data sets, which point out the capacity of the process. 1.
A low power ZigBee baseband processor (2008)

This paper presents an IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) practicable baseband processor including transmitter and receiver. To estimate and compensate carrier phase error at baseband, the receiver allows full digital solution for carrier phase synchronization. An existing packet detecion algorithm for spread spectrum comunication system is used to estimate large carrier frequency offset. This paper also presents a new decision-feedback algorithm for residue phase error tracking. The proposed receiver achieves system performance as PER = 0.01 at SNR less than 5 dB, which is better than standard specifications. The baseband processor was implemented in simple hardware architecure and designed with low power technique. The chip is fabricated with the TSMC 0.18µm 1P6M CMOS technology with a gate count of 78 k. The area is 1.633 mm × 1.633 mm, and power consumption is about 1.7 mW at receiver mode under supply voltage of 1.8 V and operating frequency of 4 MHz.
PDZ domains: fundamental building blocks in the organization of protein complexes at the plasma membrane (1999)

PDZ domains have recently emerged as central organizers of protein complexes at the plasma membrane. Although new information about PDZ domains appears at a bewildering rate, we will attempt to distill a few general concepts that have emerged about their biology. These include the structural basis for specificity of their binding interactions and ideas about how they organize both small local protein complexes used for signal transduction (transducisomes) and larger two-dimensional complexes like cell junctions and plasma membrane domains.