gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics of shaped micro-actuators solved using the differential quadrature method (2004)

This study examined the dynamic characteristics of nonlinear electrostatic pull-in behavior for shaped actuators in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The natural frequencies of a fixed–fixed shaped beam vibrating around its statically deflected position were calculated using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The proposed model included the nonlinear interaction between the curved electrostatic field force and the shaped micro-beam, as well as the mid-plane stretching, axial residual stress and electrical field fringing effect. Very good agreement existed between the results simulated using the proposed model and the measured data. This work also investigated the micro-beam and electrode shape effect on the natural frequencies of the actuator system. Analytical results indicate that the variation in the micro-beam and the electrode shapes might not only influence the electrostatic field distribution but also significantly alter the dynamic characteristics of the micro-actuator. Analytical results demonstrate that the shaped micro-beam with curved electrode can increase the working voltage range approximately six times compared to the rectangular micro-beam and flat electrode.
Deletion of tumor necrosis factor death receptor inhibits amyloid β generation and prevents learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's mice (2007)

The tumor necrosis factor type 1 death receptor (TNFR1) contributes to apoptosis. TNFR1, a subgroup of the TNFR superfamily, contains a cytoplasmic death domain. We recently demonstrated that the TNFR1 cascade is required for amyloid beta protein (Abeta)-induced neuronal death. However, the function of TNFR1 in Abeta plaque pathology and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. We report that the deletion of the TNFR1 gene in APP23 transgenic mice (APP23/TNFR1(-/-)) inhibits Abeta generation and diminishes Abeta plaque formation in the brain. Genetic deletion of TNFR1 leads to reduced beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) levels and activity. TNFR1 regulates BACE1 promoter activity via the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway, and the deletion of TNFR1 in APP23 transgenic mice prevents learning and memory deficits. These findings suggest that TNFR1 not only contributes to neurodegeneration but also that it is involved in APP processing and Abeta plaque formation. Thus, TNFR1 is a novel therapeutic target for AD.
Formation of a bilayer film on gold substrates for connector applications: spectroscopic study of the deposition process (2005)

The formation of a film composed of two layers on gold substrates (evaporated and electrodeposited) is reported. The bilayer film is constituted of a monolayer of n-2-perfluorohexyl-ethanethiol (F6H2) molecules bound to the metal surface and a supernatant lubricant film (PFPE) in which F6H2 molecules are present. One- and two-step deposition modes of the bilayer film are considered and the corresponding films are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results confirm the formation of a monolayer in both processes used, but it appears that the quality of the bilayer film is better in the case of the one-step process. Furthermore, the lubricant film containing F6H2 has the potential of self-healing the metal/bilayer interface.
Development of surveillance technology and risk of abuse of economic information. Echelon report. PE 168.184/Vol 1/5 EN (1999)

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Requirement for Pax6 in corneal morphogenesis: a role in adhesion (2003)

The Pax6 transcription factor functions early during embryogenesis to control key steps in brain, pancreas, olfactory and ocular system development. A requirement for Pax6 in proper formation of lens, iris and retina is well documented. By examining the corneas of heterozygous Small eye (SEY) mice, this report shows that Pax6 is also necessary for normal corneal morphogenesis. In particular, the epithelial component of the postnatal and adult SEY (+/-) cornea is thinner owing to a reduction in the number of cell layers, despite a tenfold increase in the proliferative index and no change in TUNEL labeling. Ultrastructural views revealed large gaps between corneal epithelial cells and a change in the appearance of desmosomes, suggesting that adhesion abnormalities contribute to the corneal phenotype of SEY (+/-) mice. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence showed equivalent amounts and normal localization of E-cadherin in SEY (+/-) corneas, and the actin cytoskeleton appeared normal as judged by phalloidin staining. By contrast, the levels of desmoglein, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin were reduced in the SEY (+/-) cornea. In addition, the amount of keratin-12 mRNA and protein, the major intermediate filament, was reduced in SEY (+/-) corneal epithelium as shown by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Finally, the SEY (+/-) corneal epithelium adheres less well than wild-type when challenged with gentle rubbing using a microsponge. In conclusion, our results indicate that cellular adhesion is compromised in the SEY (+/-) corneal epithelium and suggests a role for Pax6 in the proper generation and maintenance of the adult cornea.
Speed learning on the fly (2015)

The practical performance of online stochastic gradient descent algorithms is highly dependent on the chosen step size, which must be tediously hand-tuned in many applications. The same is true for more advanced variants of stochastic gradients, such as SAGA, SVRG, or AdaGrad. Here we propose to adapt the step size by performing a gradient descent on the step size itself, viewing the whole performance of the learning trajectory as a function of step size. Importantly, this adaptation can be computed online at little cost, without having to iterate backward passes over the full data.
Styrenic surfmer in emulsion copolymerization of acrylic monomers. II. Copolymerization and film properties (1999)

Polymerizable styrenic surfactants (surfmers) and nonreactive analogs, have been applied in emulsion copolymerization of acrylic monomers in a seeded semibatch process. Stable core-shell latexes with low levels of coagulum and controlled particle size have been obtained; some of them, with either steric or electrosteric stabilization, display excellent stability to electrolytes, freeze–thaw cycles, and shear flocculation. In addition, the reactive surfactants lead to films with superior performance due to reduced migration of surfactant to the surface (contact angle measurements) and dimensional stability when the films are dipped in water, as well as less water uptake. Some differences also appear in particle morphologies. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4205–4217, 1999
Comparison of the effect of sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol and 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on cutaneous morphology, inflammation and tumor promotion in CD-1 mice (1988)

Since sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol mimics 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) by inducing ornithine decarboxylase activity and stimulating DNA synthesis in mouse epidermis [Smart, R.C., Huang, M.-T. and Conney, A.H. Carcinogenesis, 7, 1865 (1986)], we have investigated morphological changes induced by TPA and sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol in the epidermis and we have also examined sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol as a possible complete tumor promoter. It was determined that topical application of 2.5 or 10 mumol of sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity to about the same extent as the application of 1 or 2 nmol of TPA respectively. Therefore, these doses of TPA and sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol were used in most of our studies. Single or multiple application (2 X/week for 4 weeks) of 1, 2 or 5 nmol of TPA to the skin of CD-1 mice produced a dose-dependent increase in the number of epidermal non-cornified cell layers, epidermal thickness, leukocyte infiltration and intracellular edema. In contrast, neither single nor multiple application (2 X/week for 4 weeks) of 2.5 or 10 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol produced any of these responses. However, when 5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol was applied topically twice a day (10 mumol/day) for 5 days there was a significant increase in the number of epidermal non-cornified cell layers and epidermal thickness. The effects of TPA and sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol were compared using the mouse ear inflammation model. Application of TPA caused edema, but sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol had little or no effect. sn-1,2-Didecanoylglycerol was then evaluated as a complete tumor promoter utilizing the mouse skin two-stage model. CD-1 mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and then treated with 1 nmol TPA or 2.5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol twice a week for 28 weeks. A 28 weeks, 28% of the mice treated with TPA had developed tumors, while none of the mice treated with 2.5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol developed tumors. The data indicate that topical application of 2.5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol induced ornithine decarboxylase activity to the same extent as a tumor-promoting dose of 1 nmol TPA, but it did not cause morphological changes in the epidermis when applied once or when applied twice a week for 4 weeks and did not function as a complete tumor promoter when applied twice a week for 28 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Vision based topological Markov localization (2004)

In this paper we study the problem of acquiring a topological model of indoors environment by means of visual sensing and subsequent localization given the model. The resulting model consists of a set of locations and neighborhood relationships between them. Each location in the model is represented by a collection of representative views and their associated descriptors selected from a temporally sub-sampled video stream captured by a mobile robot during exploration. We compare the recognition performance using global image histograms as well as local scale-invariant features as image descriptors, demonstrate their strengths and weaknesses and show how to model the spatial relationships between individual locations by a Hidden Markov Model. The quality of the acquired model is tested in the localization stage by means of location recognition: given a new view or a sequence of views, the most likely location where that view came from is determined.
Antitumor activity of docetaxel (1997)

The mechanism of action, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, use in drug combinations, resistance profile, and toxicology of docetaxel are reviewed. Docetaxel acts by stabilizing microtubules--enhancing the rate and extent of tubulin polymerization, and inhibiting depolymerization. Docetaxel accumulates in tumor cells to a greater extent than paclitaxel and remains in the cells longer. This may explain why docetaxel is more cytotoxic and less schedule dependent than paclitaxel. Higher concentrations of paclitaxel than docetaxel are required to produce the same cytotoxic effect in many murine and human tumor cell lines. Docetaxel has shown cytotoxicity in 41% of tumor specimens, compared with 33% for paclitaxel. In vivo, docetaxel has substantial activity against a multitude of murine and human tumor models; in some cases, there was complete remission of advanced disease. Synergism occurs between docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, vinorelbine, methotrexate, and etoposide. Cross-resistance to docetaxel does not necessarily occur in cell lines that are resistant to other antineoplastic agents. In animal toxicology studies, docetaxel principally affected tissues with a high cell trun-over, such as hematopoietic tissue. An intermittent-dose regimen is preferable to allow for resolution of hematopoietic effects. Preclinical study results suggest that docetaxel may be effective against various tumors, whether it is given alone or in combination with other antineoplastic drugs.
Anti-L-Selectin Aptamers: Binding Characteristics, Pharmacokinetic Parameters, and Activity Against an Intravascular Target <i>In Vivo</i> (2000)

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications have been envisioned for aptamers, a class of oligonucleotide ligands that bind their target molecules with high affinity and specificity (Gold, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13581-13584, 1995). To identify parameters that are important for the in vivo activity of aptamers acting on intravascular targets, we have studied binding characteristics in vitro, pharmacokinetic parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats, and inhibitory activity in a SCID mouse/human lymphocyte model of lymphocyte trafficking for both 2'F pyrimidine 2'OH purine RNA and ssDNA anti-human L-selectin aptamers. The data indicate that aptamers with low nanomolar affinity are suitable candidates for use as in vivo reagents and that nonspecific binding to vascular cells is not an issue for efficacy. As is often observed for other reagents, plasma clearance is biphasic. Both the distribution phase and the clearance rate strongly affect in vivo activity. Pharmacokinetic parameters and in vivo activity are significantly improved by conjugating aptamers to a carrier molecule, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). Most active in vivo is 1d40, a 2'F pyrimidine 2'OH purine aptamer conjugated to 40 kDa PEG. At a dose of 5.4 nmol/kg body weight, its duration of effect (time to 50% inhibition) is 11.2 hours, and at 1 mg or 90 nmol/kg, its plasma clearance rate (CL) is 0.4 ml/min/kg. Its ED50 is estimated to be 80 pmol/kg in preinjection dose-response experiments, compared with 4 pmol/kg for the dimeric anti-L-selectin antibody DREG56. Further improvement of in vivo activity is expected from nucleotide modifications that increase resistance to nuclease digestion for aptamers where mass is not rate limiting for clearance. Because the relationship of clearance to conjugate molecular weight (MW) is not the same for all aptamers, it is advisable to determine the relationship at the outset of in vivo studies. In summary, the data suggest that properly formulated aptamers have the capacity to be effective therapeutic agents against intravascular targets.
Application of classical oscillator functions to the simultaneous determination of substrate optical constants and film thickness from ellipsometric measurements (1975)

A method is described whereby substrate optical constants, film refractive index and film thickness are simultaneously obtained from one set of ellipsometric measurements at various wavelengths of light performed on a film-covered metal surface. In this method the metal substrate's optical constants are represented by one of three functional forms: a modified free electron function, a free electron plus classical oscillator, and a sum of classical oscillators. Values of metal optical constants, film refractive index and film thickness so obtained agree well with independent determinations of these quantities.
Thermography in assessing coronary artery saphenous graft patency and blood flow (1982)

Infrared thermography has been used in 32 patients undergoing coronary artery saphenous bypass graft surgery in our department, in order to visualise graft patency and flow at the time surgery. 16 of these patients also had flow measurements with the use of electromagnetic flow meters to one or more of their grafts, which had already been thermographed in order to establish a correlation between the two methods. This study has confirmed that grafts which show good flow by means of electromagnetic flow meters also have a good pictorial graft patency and flow with infrared thermography.
Whole‐heart spiral simultaneous multi‐slice first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging (2018)

SMS spiral perfusion at MB factors 2, 3, and 4 produces high-quality perfusion images with whole-heart coverage in a clinical setting with high sampling efficiency.
Flexible Certificate Management for Secure HTTPS Client/Server Communication (2005)

Certificate management is a crucial element in PKI implementations, which includes certificate generation, distribution, storage, and revocation. Most of the existing research has been focusing on the security aspect or the functionality and the structure of certificate management systems. Very little has looked at the actual user requirements for the system and how users can use the system conveniently and practically, which is actually a very important factor for the whole security system to work properly and to be widely accepted. In this thesis we have designed a framework that provides a flexible certificate management for different security levels according to user requirements and situations, and with a user-friendly interface. A certificate management system CSA (Certificate Server Adapter) is implemented for HP OpenView Operations for Windows (OVO/Windows), which is a management software product provided by Hewlett-Packard. The CSA helps OVO/Windows to provide secure HTTPS client/server communication. Tests show that it offers a good enough security for all situations without compromise and, at the same time, the best convenience and flexibility are achieved. However, the CSA can be further improved to have a lifetime management of the created certificates, an enhanced user interface, and an API to plug-in other PKI solutions.
<i>In vivo</i>determination of the optical properties of muscle with time-resolved reflectance using a layered model (1999)

We have investigated the possibility of determining the optical coefficients of muscle in the extremities with in vivo time-resolved reflectance measurements using a layered model. A solution of the diffusion equation for two layers was fitted to three-layered Monte Carlo calculations simulating the skin, the subcutaneous fat and the muscle. Relative time-resolved reflectance data at two distances were used to derive the optical coefficients of the layers. We found for skin and subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses (l2) of up to 10 mm that the estimated absorption coefficients of the second layer of the diffusion model have differences of less than 20% compared with those of the muscle layer of the Monte Carlo simulations if the thickness of the first layer of the diffusion model is also fitted. If l2 is known, the differences are less than 5%, whereas the use of a semi-infinite model delivers differences of up to 55%. Even if l2 is only approximately known the absorption coefficient of the muscle can be determined accurately. Experimentally, the time-resolved reflectance was measured on the forearms of volunteers at two distances from the incident beam by means of a streak camera. The thicknesses of the tissues involved were determined by ultrasound. The optical coefficients were derived from these measurements by applying the two-layered diffusion model, and results in accordance with the theoretical studies were observed.
A New Series of Microscope Objectives* III Ultraviolet Objectives of Intermediate Numerical Aperture† (1950)

Paper II of this series demonstrates that spherical lens elements combined with spherical mirrors may provide well-corrected and achromatized ultraviolet microscope objectives. The present paper presents a further study of several types of catadioptric Schwarzschild systems which provide microscope objectives relatively easy to construct, convenient to use, and for which ultraviolet and visual range performance characteristics are not compromised. Several modifications with numerical apertures within the range 0.4 to 1.0 are presented.
Malaria pigment in leucocytes (1995)

Journal Article Malaria pigment in leucocytes Get access Wolfram G. Metzger, Wolfram G. Metzger 1International Research Laboratory, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon2Institut für Tropenmedizin, Engeldamm 62, 10179 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin G. Mordmüller, Benjamin G. Mordmüller 1International Research Laboratory, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon3Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter G. Kremsner Peter G. Kremsner ∗ 1International Research Laboratory, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon2Institut für Tropenmedizin, Engeldamm 62, 10179 Berlin, Germany ∗Address for correspondence: Peter G. Kremsner, Institut für Tropenmedizin, Engeldamm 62, 10179 Berlin, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 89, Issue 6, November-December 1995, Pages 637–638, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(95)90423-9 Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Received: 26 June 1995 Accepted: 28 July 1995 Published: 01 November 1995
An open-path, hand-held laser system for the detection of methane gas (2005)

We have developed an open-path hand-held gas detector incorporating a distributed feedback InGaAs laser diode at 1.65 µm. Incorporated into a hand-held transceiver unit, the emitted laser beam is backscattered from nearby surfaces, collected and focused onto an amplified InGaAs detector using a 150 mm diameter plastic Fresnel lens. At ranges of 4–5 m, a typical backscattered signal is tens of nanowatts of laser light. Applying second derivative wavelength modulation spectroscopy gives a sensitivity to methane of better than 10 parts per million over a one metre path length. A number of demonstration units have been fabricated and successfully evaluated by end users.
The airway inflammatory response in allergic asthma and its relationship to clinical disease (1995)

Endobronchial biopsy and lavage studies have revealed the presence of mast cell, eosinophil, T-lymphocyte and epithelial cell activation in asthma, along with the structural changes of tissue eosinophil infiltration, loss of superficial columnar ciliated epithelial cells and enhanced collagen deposition in the laminar reticularis. As these cellular and structural changes underlie the clinical features of asthma, i.e., symptom expression, variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and understanding of their induction and regulation is essential to the understanding of the asthmatic process. The acute airway response to allergen has been studied by the technique of local endobronchial allergen challenge with direct airway sampling in asthma. These studies identify allergen-mast cell interaction as the initial airway event, with mediator release inducing bronchoconstriction and enhancing vascular permeability. As preformed cytokines are present in mast cells, cytokine release from this cell population is likely to initiate the process of endothelial cell activation, with upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, and tissue cell recruitment. Subsequent cytokine elaboration from airway macrophages and T-lymphocytes will perpetuate this response while in chronic clinical disease T-lymphocytes, mast cells, matrix tissue, epithelial cells and eosinophils themselves are all likely to contribute to the cytokine pool within the airways and thus to the regulation of inflammatory cell migration and activation.
50W Power Device (PD) power in Power over Ethernet (PoE) system with input current balance in four-pair architecture with two DC/DC converters (2010)

A four-pair architecture of two DC/DC converters with input current balance control strategy in Power over Ethernet (PoE) system is proposed in this paper to get more power from Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE). The four-pair architectures' steady-state models are built to analyze the imbalance problem that exists in the structure. Two main circuit modules operate in parallel and the input current balance circuit is adopted to ensure the balance of both primary current, which can improve the output level and the current sharing performance. Finally, a 50 W 36-60 V-input 12 V-output prototype is built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the presented converter.