gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modélisation du fonctionnement hydrique des plantes. Application au calcul de la transpiration du caféier. (1998)

L'utilisation de maquettes informatiques a permis le développement du modèle "HYDRO" de simulation du fonctionnement hydrique des plantes. Les informations topologiques et géométriques des maquettes servent à calculer l'interception de la lumière à l'échelle de chaque feuille, les transferts turbulents au sein de la végétation, les résistances stomatiques et le bilan d'énergie des feuilles et, enfin, les flux de sève dans la plante et les potentiels hydriques en résultant. L'intégration de ces calculs dans les modèles HYDRO en fait un modèle beaucoup plus complet que les modèles classiques existants et permet de prendre en compte les rétroactions entre, d'une part, les potentiels hydriques et la température des feuilles et, d'autre part, les résistances stomatiques et la transpiration des feuilles. Le modèle a été validé à partir de mesures effectuées dans une plantation de caféiers (#Coffea arabica#) au Costa Rica. Le modèle a ensuite été utilisé pour simuler l'effet de l'ombrage d'un arbre de couverture (#Erythrina poeppigiana#) sur la transpiration des caféiers.
Intramolecular <i>O</i>-Glycoside Bond Formation (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular O-Glycoside Bond FormationKarl-Heinz Jung, Matthias Müller, and Richard R. SchmidtView Author Information Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 12, 4423–4442Publication Date (Web):November 21, 2000Publication History Received14 August 2000Published online21 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990307khttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990307kresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2974Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Post-translational modification,Precursors,Reaction products,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Multiple invariant system design for fault-tolerant real-time applications (2002)

Multiple invariant design technique can be used for writing parallel programs to enhance performance and achieve fault tolerance. Essentially, a system can have multiple invariants, ranging from strong ones to weak ones. After a change in the system state (due to client requests, environmental changes, processor failures, and so on), the system is allowed to converge to a state that satisfies a weaker invariant with the convergence time being minimal. When the strong invariant of the system is satisfied, the system operates at peak performance. If the system is in a state that satisfies a weaker invariant, then it will operate correctly but perhaps at a reduced performance. The performance is restored by establishing the strong invariant in various ways, such as using a background process for periodic or on demand maintenance. We apply this model to fault tolerant real time transaction processing systems. The system consists of multiple servers accessing a shared state space and should satisfy the following properties: fail-stop processor failures at any point of execution should be tolerated; and whenever a high priority task interrupts the current execution, the system should switch immediately to the new task without affecting data integrity in the shared state space. These goals are achieved by using multiple invariant data structures. We discuss the multiple invariant system design concept and multiple invariant data structures. A set of rules that facilitate the design of the multiple invariant data structures are derived. Some example data structures are used to illustrate this design technique.
Phase II Study of Carboplatin and Pemetrexed for the Treatment of Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Carboplatin/pemetrexed is a well-tolerated regimen with activity in platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC; further testing of this regimen in platinum-sensitive EOC patients is warranted.
Will healthcare take tobacco addiction seriously? Using policy to drive practice. (2001)

Despite being the leading preventable cause of disability, death, and economic burden on society, tobacco-use detection and treatment is yet to be taken as seriously as the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases or other addictive behaviors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol/substance abuse, and mammography screening). This paper outlines the process of intervening at the policy level to incorporate tobacco-use screening and treatment in health practice. The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) call for new measures presented a window of opportunity. The NCQA report card (the Health Plan Employer Data Information Set [HEDIS]) is the most widely used and influential performance measure in managed care. Consequently, a 6-month process consisting of an expert panel review of research evidence and consensus building was initiated. Two measures were submitted to NCQA: (1) a primary measure based on chart review of tobacco-use screening and treatment implementation and (2) an adjunctive measure of population prevalence of tobacco use and physician advice to quit, based on a self-report survey of members. HEDIS eventually accepted the second measure. The mixed results, potential impact on societal disease burden and cost savings, and the lessons learned from the process are discussed.
A 0.2–1.45-GHz Subsampling Fractional- $N$ Digital MDLL With Zero-Offset Aperture PD-Based Spur Cancellation and In Situ Static Phase Offset Detection (2017)

A digital fractional-N subsampling multiplying delay-locked loop is proposed in this paper. A zero phase-offset latch-based aperture phase detector is introduced in a reference spur cancellation loop to precisely cancel any static phase offset (SPO) between the injected reference and the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) phases. An in situ detection scheme is employed to directly measure this phase offset accurately by obviating the requirement of a high-speed off-chip measurement setup. Moreover, a mathematical expression is derived for the calculation of reference spur generated from a given SPO. A uniformly distributed switched capacitor-based DCO frequency tuning achieves highly linear gain. The chip prototype is fabricated in a 1.2-V supply, 65-nm LP CMOS technology and covers an output frequency range of 0.2-1.45 GHz while occupying a core area of 0.054 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measured phase noise at 1.4175 GHz is -95 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, which is 9 dB lower than in phase-locked loop mode of operation.
The Future of Microelectronics and Photonics and the Role of Mechanics and Materials (1998)

The emergence of, and progress in, microelectronics and photonics have revolutionized telecommunications, information science and engineering in the 20th century. Microelectronics and photonics have tremendous implications for industry, employment, strategic positioning, and even for the future organization of society. On the other hand, mechanical and materials engineering is perceived as the most traditional, routine, old-fashioned branch of engineering which has little in common with the advanced, sophisticated and exciting high-technology world. However, microelectronics and photonics have their foundation in materials, structures and manufacturing technologies. All the basic functions performed by electronic circuits and photonic devices are highly dependent on the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of the materials used and the reliability of the structures. In this overview, we discuss the major trends in microelectronics, photonics, and some other areas of high technology engineering, with the emphasis on the role of mechanics and materials in the state-of-the-art and progress of this high technology. We assess which of the new and emerging technologies are most promising, and what challenges a mechanical-and-materials engineer is likely to encounter in connection with these technologies.
Preservative activity and in vivo percutaneous penetration of butylparaben entrapped in liposomes. (1986)

Butylparaben (BP) was added to liposomes prepared by the hydration method from egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), cholesterol, and dicetylphosphate in a molar ratio of 4 : 2 : 1 for the purpose of antimicrobial preservation. Most of the BP was entrapped in liposomes near the polar surface of the lipid bilayers, and rapid equilibrium was observed in its distribution between liposomes and the outer aqueous phase.The antimicrobial activities of liposomes containing BP were studied qualitatively against eight kinds of microorganisms. Although the liposome suspension without BP (empty liposomes) had no effect on the microorganisms, liposome suspensions with BP showed antimicrobial activities. The preservative effect was roughly proportional to the free cencentration (not the total concentration) of BP.Percutaneous penetration of liposomes containing BP after topical application was studied in vivo in guinea pigs by autoradiography. 14C-BP in liposomes as observed to penetrate into the body, but no difference was found in its distribution pattern in comparison with that after administratoin as an ointment. On the other hand, 14C-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, a marker of egg PC, remained on the skin surface and was scarcely detected in the body, suggesting that the percutaneous penetration of liposomes themselves did not occur.
What happens to a trust when you get divorced? : trusts (2012)

Where a trust becomes (or may become) embroiled in a divorce or separation, delicate issues can arise not only for the divorcing spouses or civil partners, but also for trustees. Trustees are likely to need specialist independent advice at the earliest stage, and divorcing or separating spouses will require guidance on how trust assets should be treated. Taxation, structuring, reputational, and enforcement issues may also have to be addressed.
TGF-beta suppresses IFN-gamma induction of class II MHC gene expression by inhibiting class II transactivator messenger RNA expression (1997)

Recently, a non-DNA binding protein, class II transactivator (CIITA), has been shown to be required for constitutive and IFN-gamma-inducible class II MHC transcription. The cytokine TGF-beta inhibits IFN-gamma-induced class II MHC expression at the transcriptional level. In this study, we provide evidence that TGF-beta blocks IFN-gamma-induced CIITA mRNA accumulation. TGF-beta down-regulates class II MHC and CIITA mRNA accumulation in human astroglioma and fibrosarcoma cell lines, but TGF-beta does not destabilize the CIITA message, suggesting an effect at the transcriptional level. In cells that stably overexpressed CIITA, leading to a constitutive class II MHC-positive phenotype, the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on class II MHC was abrogated, but the cells remained responsive for expression of TGF-beta-inducible genes. Cell lines that possessed defects in TGF-beta signaling also became refractory to inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced CIITA and class II MHC expression. Our data indicate that TGF-beta suppresses IFN-gamma-induced class II MHC expression by inhibiting accumulation of CIITA mRNA.
The IEEE 1451.4 proposed standard (2001)

The measurement community is best served by transducers with integrated identification and data. The work in the IEEE group and in the involved companies has brought plug and play to the measurement community. This has helped the transition to larger systems with more transducers and simultaneously introduced a new level of quality into the measurements. The author encourages both users and transducer manufacturers alike to participate in the discussions of the standard to ensure that the upcoming IEEE standard meets their needs.
Design of Medical Devices That Meet Contradictory Requirements (2011)

Background: Today vitally important medical devices are expected to meet diverse and increasingly stringent requirements, in order to ensure their dependability in scenarios which can be life-critical. These requirements can often be contradictory in nature, presenting additional challenge to the designer.
A Database Model for Drilling Data Storage (1994)

ABSTRACT The main motivation for storing drilling data is to use them for post-analysis and efficient planning. Conventional drilling data storage systems often exhibit two major shortcomings that make such use difficult: In the first place, the data is often stored with depth as the primary key. Such a depth-based storage strategy may cause loss of valuable data if the depth is miscalculated at the time of recording, or when there is no steady depth progression. It also makes it difficult to analyse situations where the depth is set backwards due e.g. to sidetracking or to drilling of cement. Another problem is the amount of data collected during a drilling operation. This soon becomes unmanageable if there is no structured way of extracting information from such data. This paper outlines a database model for drilling data storage, which aims at providing a high degree of data availability for efficient post-analysis. It also suggests an organisational model that should be adhered to in order to utilise the database efficiently.
Production of Al-Si Master Alloy by Aluminothermic Reduction of Silica in Molten Cryolite (2007)

The influence of the production parameters on the production of an Al-Si master alloy has been investigated by aluminothermic reduction of silica in molten cryolite. Kaolin was employed in molten cryolite as primary sources of silica and alumina. The effect of parameters such as reduction time, kaolin, silica and alumina contents on the silicon reduction coefficient in molten cryolite has been studied. The results indicate that the silicon content of the alloy increases by increasing the reaction time and silica content (up to 8 wt% in molten cryolite) and decreases by increasing the alumina and undissolved silica content of the bath. Kaolin appears to have no effect on the silicon reduction coefficient KSi but increases the reaction rate.
Identification of Nonepithelial Multipotent Cells in the Embryonic Olfactory Mucosa (2009)

Olfactory mucosal (OM) tissue, a potential source of stem cells, is currently being assessed in the clinic as a candidate tissue for transplant-mediated repair of spinal cord injury. We examined the ability of embryonic rat OM tissue to generate stem cells using culture conditions known to promote neural stem cell proliferation. Primary spheres formed that proliferated and exhibited two main morphologies: (a) CNS neurosphere-like (OM-I) and (b) small, tight spheroid-like (OM-II). The OM-I spheres expressed the neural stem cell marker nestin but also markers of peripheral glia, neurons, and connective tissue. Further studies demonstrated the presence of multipotential mesenchymal-like stem cells within OM-I spheres that differentiated into bone, adipose, and smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the OM-II spheres contained mainly cytokeratin-expressing cells. Immunolabeling of rat olfactory tissue with Stro-1, CD90, and CD105 showed the presence of multipotent mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria, whereas cytokeratin was expressed by the epithelial cells of the olfactory epithelium. In addition, a comparable pattern of immunoreactivity was detected in human tissue using Stro-1 and cytokeratin, suggesting the presence of similar cells in this tissue. The identification of a nonepithelial multipotent cell in the OM may explain the varied reports on olfactory stem cell differentiation capacity in vitro and in vivo and illustrates the cellular complexity of this tissue as a potential source of stem cells for transplantation and translation to the clinic.
Architectural editing: determining the fate of newly synthesized membrane proteins. (1989)

Many integral membrane proteins exist on the plasma membrane as part of multicomponent complexes. In addition to correctly transporting newly synthesized proteins from their site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, the cell must possess mechanisms to ensure that the complexes expressed on the cell surface are accurately assembled. The cell appears to accomplish this feat by superimposing a set of constraints on the newly synthesized membrane proteins whereby the structure and state of assembly of the protein determine its intracellular fate. These processes impose a dramatic level of post-translational regulation on the expression of surface membrane protein complexes. By and large, the cell uses these mechanisms to dispose of, or "edit out," newly synthesized proteins that are not correctly assembled or folded. This review will describe current views of the processes of architectural editing, with an emphasis on the regulation of cell surface expression of the multicomponent T-cell antigen receptor complex.
Hindered Rotation in an <i>o</i>-Substituted Acetophenone (1972)

In the substituted acetophenone 2, rotation is so restricted that the n.m.r. absorption of the methyl ketone is a broad band in several solvents at room temperature. At 90° this absorption becomes a sharp singlet, while at −60° it separates into two sharp peaks of unequal intensity. At −60° the n.m.r. absorption of the quaternary methyl groups of 2, 3, and 11 all show line broadening which is attributed to slowed rotation of these meshed vicinal methyl groups.
A Population-Based Descriptive Atlas of Invasive Pneumococcal Strains Recovered Within the U.S. During 2015–2016 (2018)

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has greatly decreased since implementation in the U.S. of the 7 valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2000 and 13 valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to predict phenotypic traits (serotypes, antimicrobial phenotypes, and pilus determinants) and determine multilocus genotypes from 5334 isolates (~90% of cases) recovered during 2015-2016 through Active Bacterial Core surveillance. We identified 44 serotypes; 26 accounted for 98% of the isolates. PCV13 serotypes (inclusive of serotype 6C) accounted for 1503 (28.2%) isolates, with serotype 3 most common (657/5334, 12.3%), while serotypes 1 and 5 were undetected. Of 305 isolates from children <5 yrs, 60 (19.7%) were of PCV13 serotypes 19A, 19F, 3, 6B, and 23F (58/60 were 19A, 19F, or 3). We quantitated MLST-based lineages first detected during the post-PCV era (since 2002) that potentially arose through serotype-switching. The 7 predominant emergent post-PCV strain complexes included 23B/CC338, 15BC/CC3280, 19A/CC244, 4/CC439, 15A/CC156, 35B/CC156, and 15BC/CC156. These strains accounted for 332 isolates (6.2% of total) and were more frequently observed in children <5 yrs (17.7%; 54/305). Fifty-seven categories of recently emerged (in the post PCV7 period) putative serotype-switch variants were identified, accounting for 402 isolates. Many of these putative switch variants represented newly emerged resistant strains. Penicillin-nonsusceptibility (MICs > 0.12 μg/ml) was found among 22.4% (1193/5334) isolates, with higher penicillin MICs (2-8 μg/ml) found in 8.0% (425/5334) of isolates that were primarily (372/425, 87.5%) serotypes 35B and 19A. Most (792/1193, 66.4%) penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were macrolide-resistant, 410 (34.4%) of which were <i>erm</i> gene positive and clindamycin-resistant. The proportion of macrolide-resistant isolates increased with increasing penicillin MICs; even isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC = 0.06 μg/ml) were much more likely to be macrolide-resistant than basally penicillin-susceptible isolates (MIC < 0.03 μg/ml). The contribution of recombination to strain diversification was assessed through quantitating 35B/CC558-specific bioinformatic pipeline features among non-CC558 CCs and determining the sizes of gene replacements. Although IPD has decreased greatly and stabilized in the post-PCV13 era, the species continually generates recombinants that adapt to selective pressures exerted by vaccines and antimicrobials. These data serve as a baseline for monitoring future changes within each invasive serotype.
Effect of Ta <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> , Nb <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> , and HfO <sub>2</sub> Alloying on the Transformability of Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO <sub>2</sub> (1990)

The addition of Ta 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , and HfO 2 enhanced the transformability of Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized tetragonal ZrO 2 polycrystal (Y‐TZP), which was indicated by an increase in phase transformation temperatures and fracture toughness of Y‐TZP. Comparison of the alloying effects of these oxides on the transformability and crystal structure of Y‐TZP suggested that an alloying oxide which increases the c/a axial ratio (tetragonality) of TZP also increases the transformability. Empirical equations to predict the tetragonality are proposed. Calculated tetragonalities showed good agreement with measured values in the systems ZrO 2 ‐Y 2 O 3 ‐Ta 2 O 5 , ‐Nb 2 O 5 , and ‐HfO 2 .
Cytokeratin peptide SFGSGFGGGY mimics <i>N</i> -acetyl- <i>beta</i> -D-glucosamine in reaction with antibodies and lectins, and induces in vivo anti-carbohydrate antibody response. (1994)

Recently, we found that human anti-GlcNAc mAbs reacted with keratin from human skin and recognized specific peptide epitopes of human cytokeratin 14. Our data demonstrate that anti-keratin Ab responses in mice might be driven by Ags bearing terminal O-linked GlcNAc residues. To determine if mouse anti-GlcNAc mAbs recognized peptide epitopes of keratin, several mouse anti-GlcNAc mAbs were reacted with a panel of overlapping synthetic decapeptides of the entire amino acid sequence of human cytokeratin 14 in the ELISA. Results of the ELISA demonstrated that three mAbs, HGAC 54, HGAC 78, and 101.4.1, expressed maximal binding activity to keratin peptide B1 with the amino acid sequence SFGSGFGGGY. In addition, we found that mouse anti-cytokeratin 14 mAb CKB-1 recognized the same peptide and expressed anti-GlcNAc activity as well. Keratin peptide B1 was shown to react not only with anti-GlcNAc mAbs but also with several lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin, Datura stramonium lectin, Lycopersicon esculentum lectin, Solanum tuberosum lectin, and lectin from Wisteria floribunda. Reaction of the lectins with solid-phase keratin peptide B1 was inhibited by soluble GlcNAc and was not inhibited by glucose demonstrating specificity of binding. Using a panel of 24 synthetic keratin B1 peptides, each with a single amino acid substitution, we found that aromatic-aromatic and hydrophobic interactions were the major driving forces in the stabilization of the peptide-protein complexes. Finally, we demonstrated that immunization of BALB/c mice with peptide B1 conjugated to BSA induced an anti-GlcNAc Ab response. Results of our experiments indicated that certain peptides may express functional activity similar to GlcNAc and induce in vivo anti-carbohydrate Ab responses.