gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphogenetic and regulatory effects of mutations in the envelope proteins of an avian hepadnavirus (1991)

The envelope gene of the avian hepadnavirus, duck hepatitis B virus, was mutated in order to dissect the functions of the two major envelope proteins pre-S/S and S. Both envelope proteins were found to be required for virus particle assembly and secretion. The placement of stop codons after each of the first three AUG codons in the pre-S region allowed efficient translational initiation at downstream AUG codons to produce novel N-terminally truncated pre-S/S proteins. These proteins could substitute for pre-S/S protein in the production of enveloped virus production, but not in the production infectious virus. A mutant defective in myristylation of the pre-S/S protein produced reduced amounts of enveloped virus, and this virus was not infectious. Mutants defective in the pre-S/S protein accumulated high levels of covalently closed circular viral DNA (cccDNA) compared with the wild type or with a mutant defective in only the S protein. Hyperamplification of cccDNA resulted in high levels of viral RNA, consistent with the proposed role of cccDNA as the transcriptional template. Myristylation of the pre-S/S protein was not required for control of cccDNA amplification, and mutants that produced N-terminally truncated pre-S/S proteins displayed higher levels of cccDNA. We concluded that the pre-S/S protein, but not the S protein, is required for control of cccDNA amplification and persistent infection.
Nanoscale ionic materials based on hydroxyl-functionalized graphene (2013)

Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs) are novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials consisting of inorganic nanocore covalently attached with charged corona that is electrostatically coupled to oppositely charged canopy. In this study, graphene-based NIMs were prepared from hydroxyl-functionalized graphene (G-OH) that acquired via nitrene chemistry. The obtained G-OH-based NIM exhibited fluidity at its equivalence point (pH 6.3) at room temperature; in contrast, the graphene oxide (GO)-based NIM appeared as a black solid at its equivalence point because of the relatively low –OH density on GO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses revealed grafting densities for G-OH and GO-based NIMs of ca. one polymer chain per 21 and 94 graphene carbon atoms, respectively. Microstructure analyses indicated the even dispersion of graphene nanosheets in NIMs. Rheological properties of G-OH-based NIMs could be adjusted over a wide range through variation of the volume fractions of canopy (Jeffamine M-2070 polyetheramine). G-OH-based NIMs also showed different viscoelastic behaviours from that of a G-OH–canopy physical mixture with similar graphene content. Thermal analyses showed that the crystallization temperature of canopy in G-OH-based NIMs decreased compared to that in physical mixtures. Cold crystallization was apparent during the heating cycle for G-OH-based NIMs, which did not exist for the physical mixtures. Furthermore, G-OH-based NIMs showed even dispersion and months-long stability in water and many organic solvents, indicating its amphiphilic nature. The unique properties of graphene–NIMs hold great potential for applications employing graphene-based materials.
New Session Initiation Protocol Resource-Priority Header Namespaces for the Defense Information Systems Agency (2007)

This document creates additional Session Initiation Protocol Resource-
Priority header namespaces, to be IANA registered. This document
intends to update RFC 4412, as a Proposed Standard document if
published by the RFC-Editor.
An algebraic approach to line-drawing analysis in the presence of uncertainty (2003)

Following the work of K. Sugihara (1984), the authors represent the geometric constraints imposed by the line-drawing of a polyhedron as a set of linear equalities and inequalities. They, however, explicitly take into account the uncertainty in the vertex position. This allows the circumvention of the superstrictness of the constraints without deleting any constraints. For a given error bound, the condition whether a line-drawing is the correct projection of a polyhedron is reduced to linear programing, and the 3D shape recovery is reduced to optimization under linear constraints. The approach has been implemented, and examples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Synchronization of a chaotic optical system using control</title> (1993)

It has been demonstrated that two identical chaotic systems can be made to synchronize by applying small, judiciously chosen, temporal parameter perturbations to one of them [Y. C. Lai and C. Grebogi, Phys. Rev. E 47, 2357(1993)]. This idea is applied to a nonlinear optical ring resonator modeled by the Ikeda-Hammel-Jones-Maloney map. The average time to achieve synchronization and the effect of noise are also discussed.
The Vikramānkadevacarita: Mahākāvya. Edited by Shastri Murari Lal Nagar. (Princess of Wales Sarasvati Bhavana Series, No. 82.) pp. 12, 40, 326, 46. Benares: Government Sanskrit College, 1945, Rs. 2.12.0. (1948)

The Vikramānkadevacarita: Mahākāvya. Edited by Shastri Murari Lal Nagar. (Princess of Wales Sarasvati Bhavana Series, No. 82.) pp. 12, 40, 326, 46. Benares: Government Sanskrit College, 1945, Rs. 2.12.0. - Volume 12 Issue 2
Application of a Neural Network Whole Transcriptome–Based Pan-Cancer Method for Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Cancers (2019)

These results suggest that machine learning approaches incorporating multiple tumor profiles can more accurately identify the cancerous state and discriminate it from normal cells. SCOPE uses the whole transcriptomes from normal and tumor tissues, and results of this study suggest that it performs well for rare cancer types, primary cancers, treatment-resistant metastatic cancers, and cancers of unknown primary of origin. Genes most relevant in SCOPE's decision making were examined, and several are known biological markers of respective cancers. SCOPE may be applied as an orthogonal diagnostic method in cases where the site of origin of a cancer is unknown, or when standard pathology assessment is inconclusive.
Early Concepts of Number and Counting. (2004)

Before primitive man had grasped the concept of number, the written word or even speech, he was able to count. This was important for keeping track of food supplies, sending messages, trading between villages and even keeping track of how many animals were in their herd. Counting was done in various ways, but in all cases, the underlying principle was one-to-one correspondence. This correspondence between the objects being counted and their counting aid, enabled primitive man to make the first important steps towards an abstract counting system. Over time, and at varying places around the world different methods for counting arose. This paper surveys counting aids such as collections of pebbles, tally sticks and knotted strings, the use of the hand as a way of representing numbers, and counting with other parts of the body.
Differentially Private Continual Learning (2019)

Catastrophic forgetting can be a significant problem for institutions that must delete historic data for privacy reasons. For example, hospitals might not be able to retain patient data permanently. But neural networks trained on recent data alone will tend to forget lessons learned on old data. We present a differentially private continual learning framework based on variational inference. We estimate the likelihood of past data given the current model using differentially private generative models of old datasets.
Bandwidth aware load balancing and optimal bandwidth allocation techniques for Video-on-Demand systems (2010)

Video-on-Demand (VoD) systems are a category of adhoc multimedia services. To provide a quality oriented services to its users, a VoD system requires usage of various resources like bandwidth and disk space. As number of users increase the resources requirements do proportionally increase. Thus these resources are costly and important from QoS perspective. Hence efficient allocation and utilization of these resources are utmost important to enhance the performance of the VoD systems. This paper presents two novel strategies namely bandwidth aware load balancing and optimal bandwidth allocation.
Selection of Individual Automatic Heat Supply Unit of Ecomatic LLC (2015)

This investigation deals with the issues of resource-saving in buildings, to wit, power saving in heat supply systems. The IAHSU was considered as one of the solutions. The article gives an example of selecting an IAHSU for a 16-storey residential building and calculates the parameters required for making a HSU.
60 kW Electron Accelerator for a Paint-Curing Facility (1973)

Compared with radioactive isotopes, electron accelerators are very powerful sources of radiation. Due to the limited penetration depth of the electrons, these accelerators can only be applied for the radiation processing of surfaces or thin materials. Of special interest is the utilization of low-energy, high-power electron accelerators for the curing of paint coatings on wood, metal, and plastic surfaces. A paint-curing facility was built with a 600 keV electron accelerator with an output power of 60 kW. During the first year of continuous operation, important improvements were made in the entire process, particularly in developing suitable paint and maintaining a pure nitrogen atmosphere in the radiation chamber.
CELLULAR IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE NOD MOUSE (1989)

It is generally accepted that T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity contributes to the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes in humans and animals. Using spleen cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of human Type 1 diabetes, we have analyzed the subset of T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and investigated concanavalin A (Con A)-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and cell proliferation. NOD mice showed a higher percentage of Thy1.2+, L3T4+, and Lyt2+ T lymphocytes than did control ICR mice through the whole age examined. Spleen cells from a large majority of NOD mice were found to generate very low IL-2 production and cell proliferation in response to Con A. However, a few mice preserved their responsiveness to Con A. The following reasons may indicate that macrophage-mediated suppression participates in the deficient function of NOD spleen cells. (a) Macrophage depletion from NOD spleen cells retrieved Con A-induced IL-2 production. (b) Thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells containing many activated macrophages could completely suppress cell proliferation. (c) Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin reversed the suppression of IL-2 production by macrophages. (d) Conversely, exogenous prostaglandins could show the partial suppression of IL-2 production. These results suggest that activated macrophages suppress the response of NOD spleen cells to Con A mostly through prostaglandins. This impairment may contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Head Motion Controls for 3D Head Mounted Display Games (2014)

The established methods for 3D interaction with virtual environments in games are not ideally suited for use with consumer level head mounted displays. Research towards more suitable methods for 3D interaction often focuses on the use of highly specialized input devices that are not easily available to consumer audiences. As an alternative, this research examines and explores control schemes that rely primarily on the motion of a user’s head for interaction in virtual environments, requiring no input devices beyond a head mounted display itself. Control schemes for head motion in existing games and technology demonstrations are reviewed. Several head motion control schemes for travel in virtual environments are prototyped and refined through iterative user evaluation. This research shows how head motion controls can be designed to create 3D interfaces with the objectives of comfort and learnability.%%%%M.S., Digital Media  – Drexel University, 2014
<i>In vivo</i>Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Preinvasive Bronchial Lesions (2008)

Preliminary data suggest that autofluorescence bronchoscopy-guided OCT imaging of bronchial lesions is technically feasible. OCT may be a promising nonbiopsy tool for in vivo imaging of preneoplastic bronchial lesions to study their natural history and the effect of chemopreventive intervention.
Renal fibrosis is attenuated by targeted disruption of K <sub>Ca</sub> 3.1 potassium channels (2009)

Proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts is a hallmark of progressive renal fibrosis commonly resulting in chronic kidney failure. The intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (K(Ca)3.1) has been proposed to promote mitogenesis in several cell types and contribute to disease states characterized by excessive proliferation. Here, we hypothesized that K(Ca)3.1 activity is pivotal for renal fibroblast proliferation and that deficiency or pharmacological blockade of K(Ca)3.1 suppresses development of renal fibrosis. We found that mitogenic stimulation up-regulated K(Ca)3.1 in murine renal fibroblasts via a MEK-dependent mechanism and that selective blockade of K(Ca)3.1 functions potently inhibited fibroblast proliferation by G(0)/G(1) arrest. Renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice was paralleled by a robust up-regulation of K(Ca)3.1 in affected kidneys. Mice lacking K(Ca)3.1 (K(Ca)3.1(-/-)) showed a significant reduction in fibrotic marker expression, chronic tubulointerstitial damage, collagen deposition and alphaSMA(+) cells in kidneys after UUO, whereas functional renal parenchyma was better preserved. Pharmacological treatment with the selective K(Ca)3.1 blocker TRAM-34 similarly attenuated progression of UUO-induced renal fibrosis in wild-type mice and rats. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that K(Ca)3.1 is involved in renal fibroblast proliferation and fibrogenesis and suggest that K(Ca)3.1 may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.
The susceptibility of the vulnerable: some realities reassessed (2014)

Purpose – This intentionally short paper considers the wide range of interpretations of “vulnerability” since its 1979 adoption in disaster studies and proposes some necessary separation and re-categorisation of its current applications. Design/methodology/approach – The short history of the use of “vulnerability” in disasters studies is examined, contrasting present day contexts with those of its earliest use. Findings – “Vulnerability” is retained for its conventional place-based role, whilst superimposed social and political constraints are allocated to “susceptibility”, a term often used to define “vulnerability”; the two terms taking on equal mutually supportive roles. Separation of the two terms is supported by on example of their realities in war and post-war conditions, together with other examples not in contexts of war. Separation of terms suggests the issue of whether manifestation of vulnerability brings about additional personal susceptibility. Research limitations/implications – Implications are that both vulnerability and susceptibility may become better understood in disaster studies and its applications in the field. Practical implications – The media is seen as a possible eventual target for a published version of this short paper so that, in time, public as well as academic readership may be reached. Originality/value – Dissatisfaction occasionally expressed regarding uses of “vulnerability” has, so far, received little radical attention.
Identification of a Novel Bacterial Outer Membrane Interleukin-1Β-Binding Protein from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2013)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative opportunistic oral pathogen. It is frequently associated with subgingival biofilms of both chronic and aggressive periodontitis, and the diseased sites of the periodontium exhibit increased levels of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-1β. Some bacterial species can alter their physiological properties as a result of sensing IL-1β. We have recently shown that this cytokine localizes to the cytoplasm of A. actinomycetemcomitans in co-cultures with organotypic gingival mucosa. However, current knowledge about the mechanism underlying bacterial IL-1β sensing is still limited. In this study, we characterized the interaction of A. actinomycetemcomitans total membrane protein with IL-1β through electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The interacting protein, which we have designated bacterial interleukin receptor I (BilRI), was identified through mass spectrometry and was found to be Pasteurellaceae specific. Based on the results obtained using protein function prediction tools, this protein localizes to the outer membrane and contains a typical lipoprotein signal sequence. All six tested biofilm cultures of clinical A. actinomycetemcomitans strains expressed the protein according to phage display-derived antibody detection. Moreover, proteinase K treatment of whole A. actinomycetemcomitans cells eliminated BilRI forms that were outer membrane specific, as determined through immunoblotting. The protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli in both the outer membrane-associated form and a soluble cytoplasmic form. When assessed using flow cytometry, the BilRI-overexpressing E. coli cells were observed to bind 2.5 times more biotinylated-IL-1β than the control cells, as detected with avidin-FITC. Overexpression of BilRI did not cause binding of a biotinylated negative control protein. In a microplate assay, soluble BilRI bound to IL-1β, but this binding was not specific, as a control protein for IL-1β also interacted with BilRI. Our findings suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans expresses an IL-1β-binding surface-exposed lipoprotein that may be part of the bacterial IL-1β-sensing system.
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia as an Atypical Form of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2017)

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) causes lifelong hypercalcemia with features that overlap with typical primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The incompleteness of this overlap has led to divergent nomenclatures for FHH. I compare two nomenclatures. One sets FHH as an entity distinct from PHPT. The other groups FHH with PHPT but conditions FHH as atypical PHPT. I analyzed selected articles about calcium-sensing receptors, FHH, PHPT, CASR, GNA11, and AP2S1. FHH usually results from a heterozygous germline inactivating mutation of the CASR, and less frequently from mutation of GNA11 or AP2S1. The CASR encodes the calcium-sensing receptors. These are highly expressed on parathyroid cells, where they sense serum calcium concentration and regulate suppression of PTH secretion by serum calcium. Their mutated expression in the kidney in FHH causes increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium (hypocalciuria). Many FHH features are shared with PHPT and thus support FHH as a form of PHPT. These include a driver mutation expressed mainly in the parathyroid cells. The mutation causes a parathyroid cell insensitivity to extracellular calcium in vivo and in vitro, a right-shift of the set point for suppression of PTH secretion by calcium. Serum PTH is normal or mildly elevated; ie, it is not appropriately suppressed by hypercalcemia. Total parathyroidectomy causes hypoparathyroidism and durable remission of hypercalcemia. Some other features are not shared with PHPT and could support FHH as a distinct entity. These include onset of hypercalcemia in the first week of life, frequent persistence of hypercalcemia after subtotal parathyroidectomy, and hypocalciuria. The features supporting FHH as a form of PHPT are stronger than those favoring FHH as a distinct entity. Classifying FHH as an atypical form of PHPT represents compact nomenclature and supports current concepts of pathophysiology of FHH and PHPT. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Progressive Quality Jpeg2000 Image Transmission Over Noisy Channel (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
EVALUATION OF CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION OF APPLE BLOSSOMS AND SHOOTS WITH SAR INDUCERS, BIOLOGICAL AGENTS, A GROWTH REGULATOR, COPPER COMPOUNDS, AND OTHER MATERIALS (2002)

ISHS IX International Workshop on Fire Blight EVALUATION OF CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION OF APPLE BLOSSOMS AND SHOOTS WITH SAR INDUCERS, BIOLOGICAL AGENTS, A GROWTH REGULATOR, COPPER COMPOUNDS, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Electronic surface states and dielectric self-energy profiles in colloidal nanoscale platelets of CdSe (2014)

The electronic surface states and dielectric self-energy profiles in CdSe colloidal nanoscale platelets are explored by means of an original ab initio approach. In particular, we show how the different coatings deeply modify the quantum and dielectric confinement in CdSe nanoscale platelets. Molecular coating leads to an electronic band gap free of electronic surface states as well as an optimal surface coverage. The reduced blinking in CdSe nanoscale platelets is discussed. The theoretical method here proposed allows one to go beyond the popular empirical description of abrupt dielectric interfaces by explicitly describing the nanoplatelet surface morphology and polarisability at the atomic level. This theoretical study open the way toward more precise description of the dielectric confinement effect in any hybrid system exhibiting 2D electronic properties.
Combination of chemotherapy with dual antagonists and radiotherapy in the treatment of neoplastic disease (1971)

Abstract The theoretical justification for combination chemotherapy and for the combination of radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of neoplastic diseases is discussed, literature on the synthesis and biological activity of the ‘dual antagonist’ group of drugs is reviewed. Studies on the radiation‐potentiating effect of certain members of this group of drugs are reviewed, and prospects for therapeutic applications are discussed.
Fast Switching and Low Operating Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display With 3-D Polymer Network for Flexible Display (2017)

Vertical alignment liquid crystal (LC) cell driven by in-plane field with 3-D polymer network exhibited no pooling mura under an external mechanical pressure; however, the operating voltage of the device was increased, because the polymer network hinders field-induced reorientation of LC. In this paper, we adopted a modified cell structure in which a counter electrode on top substrate of the conventional mode is existed, to improve upon this drawback. The proposed device in which the polymer network is formed in bulk of vertically aligned LC layer shows a very fast response time of 2 ms (rise + decay), 57% reduction in operating voltage, and also keeps image quality although the cell is curved.
Automated feedback for fill in the gap programming exercises (2005)

Timely feedback is a vital component in the learning process. It is especially important for beginner students in Information Technology since many have not yet formed an effective internal model of a computer that they can use to construct viable knowledge. Research has shown that learning efficiency is increased if immediate feedback is provided for students. Automatic analysis of student programs has the potential to provide immediate feedback for students and to assist teaching staff in the marking process. This paper describes a fill in the gap programming analysis framework which tests students' solutions and gives feedback on their correctness, detects logic errors and provides hints on how to fix these errors. Currently, the framework is being used with the Environment for Learning to Programming (ELP) system at Queensland University of Technology (QUT); however, the framework can be integrated into any existing online learning environment or programming Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
OSS in China — New information about an old role (1994)

(1994). OSS in China — New information about an old role. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 75-96.