gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic Acid as an Anti-Angiogenic Shield in the Preovulatory Rat Follicle1 (2000)

Angiogenesis in the preovulatory follicle is confined to the theca cell layers, and penetration of capillaries through the basement membrane into the granulosa cell layers does not occur until after ovulation. However, elevated expression of the angiogenic growth factor (VEGF) has been reported in the cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte, which are expelled from the follicle during ovulation. This spatial and temporal discrepancy between VEGF expression and angiogenesis was studied here in the rat ovarian follicle, and we showed that cumulus cells secrete to the follicular fluid, in addition to VEGF, material with antiangiogenic activity that blocks endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and capillary formation in vitro. Hyaluronic acid produced by the cumulus cells can account for this antiangiogenic activity. Degradation of hyaluronic acid by hyaluronidase restored proliferation and migration of endothelial cells directed toward the cumulus. Inhibition of hyaluronic acid synthesis with 6-diazo-5-oxo-1-norleucine restored endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro, and it also resulted in early penetration of capillaries across the follicular basement membrane in vivo. These results support the role of hyaluronic acid produced by the cumulus cells as a high-molecular-weight, antiangiogenic shield that prevents premature vascularization of the preovulatory follicle by blocking endothelial cell migration and proliferation.
Classical MHC class I peptide presentation of a bacterial fusion protein by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) expanded in the presence of GM-CSF from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice process Gram-negative bacteria expressing the model antigen Crl-OVA for peptide presentation on MHC class I molecules. Here we show that presentation of OVA(257-264) processed by DC co-incubated with E. coli expressing Crl-OVA, which contains the Kb-binding OVA(257-264) epitope, occurs by a cytosolic MHC-I presentation pathway. First, we demonstrate the requirement for the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) by showing that DC from TAP1-/- mice co-incubated with E. coli expressing Crl-OVA did not result in Kb presentation of OVA(257-264). Second, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 abrogated presentation of OVA(257-264) on Kb when C57BL/6 DC phagocytosed and processed E. coli expressing Crl-OVA. Third, inhibiting protein synthesis using cycloheximide or blocking exocytosis of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum using brefeldin A abrogated presentation of OVA(257-264) processed from bacteria expressing Crl-OVA by C57BL/6 DC. Finally, peptide regurgitation and loading of OVA(257-264) on neighboring bystander Kb-expressing antigen-presenting cells after BALB/c (H-2d) DC phagocytosed E. coli expressing Crl-OVA could not be detected. Together, these data support a cytosolic MHC-I presentation pathway for OVA(257-264) processed from E. coli expressing Crl-OVA by bone marrow-derived DC.
Higher-Dimensional Types in the Mechanization of Homotopy Theory (2017)

Mechanized reasoning has proved effective in avoiding serious mistakes in software and hardware, and yet remains unpopular in the practice of mathematics. My thesis is aimed at making mechanization easier so that more mathematicians can benefit from this technology. Particularly, I experimented with higher-dimensional types, an extension of ordinary types with a hierarchy of stacked relations, and managed to mechanize many important results from classical homotopy theory in the proof assistant Agda. My work thus suggests higher-dimensional types may help mechanize mathematical concepts. Ki'hâihuà thuilí í'king ē'tàng pībián nńgthé kap ngē'thé tiong giâmtiōng ê tshò'ngōo, tsóng--sī tī sòoha̍k giánkiù si̍tbū iáu hántit iōng. Pún lūnbûn ê tsongtsí sī beh sú ki'hâihuà khah khuài hōo sòoha̍kka sú'iōng. Siôngsè lâi kóng, guá sú'iōng ko'uî luīhîng (higher-dimensional types), iā tsiūsī tī itpuann ê luīhîng tíngkuân ka'thiam to'kai'tsân ê kuanhē, tsiong kóotián tônglûn lílūn (classical homotopy theory) ê kuí'nā hāng tiōng'iàu ê sîngkó, tī tsìngbîng hú'tsōo kangkhū Agda lāi'té sūnlī ki'hâihuà. Guá ê giánkiù sîngkó hiánsī ko'uî luīhîng kiámtshái ē'tàng pangtsōo sòoha̍k khàiliām ê ki'hâihuà.
Simplified dual-lumen catheter design for simultaneous potentiometric monitoring of carbon dioxide and pH (1994)

A novel dual-lumen catheter electrode design suitable for the simultaneous measurement of PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) and pH in flowing blood is described. The probe is fabricated from a single segment of dual-lumen silicone rubber or polyurethane tubing that is impregnated with the proton ionophore tridodecylamine. The impregnation step imparts H+ permselectivity to both inner and outer walls of the tubing. By filling each lumen with a suitable buffer/electrolyte solution and Ag/AgCl reference electrode wire, simultaneous potentiometric detection of both PCO2 and pH is achieved. Careful optimization of incorporated proton carrier (tridodecylamine), plasticizer (o-nitrophenyl octyl ether), and lipophilic counteranion sites (tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) within the tubing walls yields catheter electrodes with resistance values of 10-20 M omega and relatively high stability in flowing blood. Results from continuous measurements of PCO2 and pH during long-term 30-65-h blood loop experiments demonstrate that, after an initial conditioning period, the catheter exhibits low drift rates (PCO2, 4.7 +/- 1.7 mV/30 h; pH, 1.4 +/- 0.5 mV/30 h) and yields continuously measured values in good agreement with those obtained on discrete samples with a commercial blood gas analyzer (PCO2, r2 = 0.997; pH, r2 = 0.915). In vivo evaluation of the catheter sensors, performed by implanting silicone rubber dual-lumen probes in the arteries of anesthetized dogs, indicates that the proposed catheter design can closely follow PCO2/pH changes induced in the animals during 6-13 h of continuous monitoring.
The Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase PARP-1 Is Required for Oxidative Stress-induced TRPM2 Activation in Lymphocytes (2008)

TRPM2 cation channels are widely expressed in the immune system and are thought to play a role in immune cell responses to oxidative stress. Patch clamp analyses suggest that TRPM2 channel activation can occur through a direct action of oxidants on TRPM2 channels or indirectly through the actions of a related group of adenine nucleotide 2nd messengers. However, the contribution of each gating mechanism to oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 activation in lymphocytes remains undefined. To better understand the molecular events leading to TRPM2 activation in lymphocytes, we analyzed oxidative stress-induced turnover of intracellular NAD, the metabolic precursor of adenine nucleotide 2nd messengers implicated in TRPM2 gating, and oxidative stress-induced TRPM2-mediated currents and Ca2+ transients in DT40 B cells. TRPM2-dependent Ca2+ entry did not influence the extent or time course of oxidative stress-induced turnover of NAD. Furthermore, expression of oxidative stress-activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) was required for oxidative stress-induced NAD turnover, TRPM2 currents, and TRPM2-dependent Ca2+ transients; no oxidant-induced activation of TRPM2 channels could be detected in PARP-deficient cells. Together, our results suggest that during conditions of oxidative stress in lymphocytes, TRPM2 acts as a downstream effector of the PARP/poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase pathway through PARP-dependent formation of ADP-ribose.
Uncertainty-based active learning with instability estimation for text classification (2012)

This article deals with pool-based active learning with uncertainty sampling. While existing uncertainty sampling methods emphasize selection of instances near the decision boundary to increase the likelihood of selecting informative examples, our position is that this heuristic is a surrogate for selecting examples for which the current learning algorithm iteration is likely to misclassify. To more directly model this intuition, this article augments such uncertainty sampling methods and proposes a simple instability -based selective sampling approach to improving uncertainty-based active learning, in which the instability degree of each unlabeled example is estimated during the learning process. Experiments on seven evaluation datasets show that instability-based sampling methods can achieve significant improvements over the traditional uncertainty sampling method. In terms of the average percentage of actively selected examples required for the learner to achieve 99% of its performance when training on the entire dataset, instability sampling and sampling by instability and density methods achieve better effectiveness in annotation cost reduction than random sampling and traditional entropy-based uncertainty sampling. Our experimental results have also shown that instability-based methods yield no significant improvement for active learning with SVMs when a popular sigmoidal function is used to transform SVM outputs to posterior probabilities.
Nitroglycerin metabolism in vascular tissue: role of glutathione S-transferases and relationship between NO. and NO2– formation (1993)

Nitroglycerin is a commonly employed pharmacological agent which produces vasodilatation by release of nitric oxide (NO.). The mechanism by which nitroglycerin releases NO. remains undefined. Recently, glutathione S-transferases have been implicated as important contributors to this process. They are known to release NO2- from nitroglycerin, but have not been shown to release NO.. The present studies were designed to examine the role of endogenous glutathione S-transferases in this metabolic process. Homogenates of dog carotid artery were incubated anaerobically with nitroglycerin, and NO. and NO2- production was determined by chemiluminescence. The role of glutathione S-transferases was studied by incubating homogenates with nitroglycerin in the presence of 1 mM GSH or 1 mM S-hexyl-glutathione, a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases. Homogenates released 163 pmol of NO./h per mg of protein from nitroglycerin, and 2370 pmol of NO2-/h per mg. Adding GSH decreased NO. production by 82% and increased NO2- production by 98%. S-Hexylglutathione inhibited glutathione S-transferase activity by 96% and decreased NO2- production by 78%, but had no effect on NO. release. A linear relationship between glutathione S-transferase activity and NO2- production was observed, whereas glutathione S-transferase activity and NO. release were unrelated. Western-blot analysis demonstrated that dog carotid vascular smooth muscle contained Pi and Mu forms of glutathione S-transferases, with a predominance of the former. Purified preparations of human Pi and rat Mu isoforms metabolized nitroglycerin only to NO2- and not to NO.. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that (1) glutathione S-transferases do not contribute to the bioconversion of nitroglycerin to NO., but instead act as a degradative pathway for nitroglycerin, and (2) the release of NO. from nitroglycerin is not dependent on the formation of NO2-.
Intraoperative identification of somato-sensory brain areas using optical imaging and standard RGB camera equipment – a feasibility study (2015)

Abstract Intraoperative Optical Imaging (IOI) is a neuro-imaging technique that allows the visualization of changes in optical properties of the brain cortex. Recent developments enhanced the method regarding the robustness under intraoperative conditions. However, the necessity of additional hardware still limits the use in the operating room (OR). Since modern surgical microscopes are potentially equipped with all required hardware for imaging, we investigated the possible use of such standard RGB camera for IOI. Measurements were performed on eight patients. Changes in optical properties of the cortical surface were acquired with a monochrome CCD camera (AxioCam MRm) and simultaneously with a standard RGB camera (Trio 610). Maps of cortical activity were calculated from the image data and the quality of these maps was assessed with a spatial signal-to-noise ratio. Activity maps calculated from AxioCam MRm data showed highest SNR in six out of eight patients. In two patients the activity map calculated from Trio 610 red channel performed best overall. The Trio 610 maps calculated from red channel data performed best in three out of eight cases like the activity maps calculated from green channel data, whereas the activity map calculated from blue channel data performed best in only two cases. If the color channel with the highest SNR is chosen in each patient for comparison to AxioCam MRm, the median of the SNR (SNR AxioCam /SNR B estColorChannel ) is 84 % (Quartile 1 (Q1): 78 %, Quartile 3 (Q3): 99%). Results reveal that the integration of the Intraoperative Optical Imaging method into the OR and surgical workflow can be further improved by using RGB camera equipment. A robust identification of somato-sensory areas seems possible. Due to the gain of information from different wavelength bands the need for intelligent evaluation algorithms is increased and should therefore be topic of future research.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Polythiol Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization (2011)

A simple methodology to prepare well-defined polythiol copolymers by RAFT polymerization was developed. A methacrylate monomer carrying a S-alkyl-O-ethyl xanthate moiety as thiol protecting group was prepared in two high yield steps. Polythiols were obtained by copolymerizing the functional methacrylate and subsequent aminolysis of the protecting groups. Model reactions and polymerizations showed that the S-alkyl-O-ethyl dithiocarbonate functionality is fully compatible with the RAFT polymerization of methacrylates and did not induce any side reactions. Functionalization of polythiol copolymers was done via thiol–ene addition, Michael addition and thiol–disulfide exchange. Thiol deprotection and functionalization were done in one pot for Michael addition and thiol–disulfide exchange. A complete conversion of thiol groups was observed for all three types of reactions, exemplifying the potential of polythiol copolymers for the preparation of functional materials.
Survey of pork, poultry, coffee, beer and pulses for ochratoxin A (1998)

Surveys have been carried out to estimate the levels of ochratoxin A in pork, poultry, coffee, beer and pulses. A total of 286 samples were analysed. The results show that compared with cereals and cereal products the contribution from the foods surveyed to the total intake of ochratoxin A by the Danish population must be considered to be of less importance.
Immune depression in polymicrobial sepsis: The role of necrotic (injured) tissue and endotoxin (2000)

These results collectively suggest that the response to devitalized tissue produced by cecal ligation may predispose the host to the induction of a suppressive macrophage phenotype. The subsequent exposure of these animals to microbial agents induces immune dysfunction, as well as mortality seen after such a polymicrobial septic challenge.
Flow-Induced Vibration Reduction in HDD by Using a Spoiler (2004)

To reduce the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of the head stack assembly (HSA) in the hard disk drive (HDD), we experimentally studied the spoiler, which is put between disks. This study was carried out using a laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) to measure the amplitude of the head slider vibration. We also measured the power consumption of the spindle motor. As parameters of the spoiler shape, the thickness and the length were selected. From the experimental result, these parameters effect significantly both the head's vibration and the power consumption. This result suggests that the flow rate reduction with the spoiler causes a reduction of the HSA's FIV, and the energy loss with the spoiler causes an increase of the power consumption. We defined the spoiler's FIV-reducing efficiency as a ratio of the amplitude reduction to the power consumption increase. The length change makes the peak value. This is caused by the fact that the FIV reduction becomes almost constant when the spoiler is longer than the carriage arm length inside disk region, although the spoiler length makes power consumption monotonically large.
Syntheses of 2-disubstituted-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-ylalkanoic acids. (1977)

A novel method of synthesizing 2-disubstituted-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-ylalkanoic acids (3) was studied. Dehydration of S-(α-benzoyl-β-ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 1-piperidinethiocarbonate (5a) in the presence of aqueous perchloric acid-acetic anhydride yielded 4-ethoxycarbonyl-methyl-5-phenyl-2-piperidino-1, 3-oxathiolium perchlorate (1a). Nucleophilic reaction of ammonia with 1a afforded 5-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4-phenyl-2-piperidinothiazole (2a). Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2a gave 3a as a hydrochloride. The acids (3) were also synthesized by the classical Hantzsch method. These alkanoic acids were evaluated as antiinflammatory agents on carrageenin-induced abscess in rat.
Design tools and reusable libraries for FPGA-based digital circuits (2003)

This paper suggests tools that provide significant improvements in the design and verification of FPGA-based digital circuits. These tools include reusable specifications of hardware components (modules) that have been proposed for two types of CAD environments; Xilinx ISE 5.x and Celoxica DK1. The components can be employed to implement both application-specific blocks from the selected area (mainly from the scope of combinatorial computations) and a number of interfaces that are very useful for interaction and data exchange with devices attached to a FPGA, such as LCD and touch panels, bus controllers, etc. The designed modules can be easily integrated into any application-specific digital system and used for visualizing the results, fast data transfer, debugging of internal sub-circuits, etc. They were constructed in such a way that their functionality can be either fixed or modifiable (both statically and dynamically). The latter capability was provided with the aid of reloadable RAM-based blocks. To illustrate the capabilities of the tools suggested, four design examples are discussed. Additional materials for this paper are available in the form of a number of tutorials and projects for FPGAs that can be accessed through the Internet.
`Static' in industry (1968)

`Static', better described as `contact electrification', is of much more frequent occurrence than is commonly supposed. The reasons for this and for the little notice that is taken of it are discussed below. It is becoming an ever-increasing nuisance in many branches of industry, and a short account is given of how it interferes, and of what can be done to combat it. A few simple lecture demonstrations are described which are designed to illustrate the industrial aspect. Part of our present ignorance of the subject is the indirect result of inadequate teaching of electrostatics a generation ago (as we now realize), together with the almost complete neglect of contact electrification by the universities. Some elementary errors which have confused the literature are discussed.
Dependence of intramolecular rotation in p-cyano-N,N-dialkylanilines on the twist angle. A fluorescence, UV absorption, and photoelectron spectroscopic study (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of intramolecular rotation in p-cyano-N,N-dialkylanilines on the twist angle. A fluorescence, UV absorption, and photoelectron spectroscopic studyWolfgang Rettig and Rolf GleiterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 22, 4676–4680Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100268a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100268a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Phase II, multicenter, open-label, non-randomized study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy NALIRINOX (5-FU/LV + oxaliplatin + nal-IRI) followed by chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer in a watch-and-wait program. (2022)

3612 Background: Despite optimal treatment sequence are still challenging, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with local rectal cancer (LRC), known as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), offers early treatment of micrometastases, with optimal exposure to systemic chemotherapy (CT) and rapid relief of local symptoms. In one hand, Nal-IRI has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of GI tumors. On the other hand, Watch and Wait (W&W) protocol is currently being imposed as an alternative to surgery in selected patients with LCR who achieve complete clinical response (cCR), offering the possibility of a rectum preservation strategy without the need to surgical intervention. Accordingly, TNT with NAC Nal-IRI, 5-FU, Oxaliplatin (NALIRINOX) could help to increase cCR rates in LRC treatment, allowing to enter W&W protocol. Methods: We performed a national, single arm, multicenter phase II study of patients with LRC treated with biweekly NAC NALIRINOX for 8 cycles followed by CRT. Main inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of LRC, good performance status and candidates for W&W protocol. Primary objective was the % of cCR rate obtained. Secondary objective was safety profile of NAC NALIRINOX combination. The first reassessment was carried out at 10 +/- 2 weeks after finish CRT, with digital rectal examination (DRE), pelvic MRI, CT body scan and rectoscopy. The results were evaluated and discussed by the multidisciplinary gastrointestinal Tumors Board (including Radiological Oncology, Medical Oncology, Surgery, Gastroenterology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Pathology Departments) If patient achieved cCR, was included in W&W protocol with close follow-up with the same tests. Results: 30 subjects with LRC were recruited between March 2019 and July 2020 (22 men and 8 women); 26 (86.7%) subjects received 8 NAC NALIRINOX cycles. 1 subject received only 1 cycle, 2 subjects received 3 cycles and 1 received 7 cycles. A total of 25 (83.3%) subjects were evaluated for either W&W or surgery after CRT. 10 of them (45.5%) underwent surgery: 5 (50%) Low anterior resection (LAR) and 4 (40%) Abdominoperineal resection (APR). Therefore, 12 (54.5%) obtained cCR after first reassessment and underwent W&W protocol surveillance. Regarding safety endpoint, 6 (20%) subjects reported at least one grade 3 CTCAE toxicity related to any of the NALIRINOX medications. Diarrhea was the most frequent (13.3%), followed by asthenia (3.3%) and decreased appetite (3.3%). All of them had been resolved. Conclusions: TNT with NAC NALIRINOX is a safe and effective therapeutic approach to increase cCR rates and enable to select patients with LRC for W&W protocols Clinical trial information: NCT04009876.