gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Natural IgM Production from Liver B Cells by Exogenous IL-18 Improves the Survival of Burn-Injured Mice Infected with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2006)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterium of postburn infection. In the present study we investigated the immune mechanism of susceptibility to this type of postburn infection and also examined the efficacy of IL-18 treatment. C57BL/6 mice were challenged with P. aeruginosa on day 7 after burn injury. Although the burn-injured mice showed a poor survival rate after bacterial challenge, they retained their IFN-gamma production. The burned mice showed lower serum IgM levels and a poor IgM response following P. aeruginosa challenge in comparison with the sham mice, whereas IL-18 treatment after burn injury (alternate day injections for 1 wk) greatly improved the serum IgM levels, which are P. aeruginosa-independent natural IgM before bacterial challenge, thereby increasing the survival rate after the challenge. IL-18 treatment also induced specific IgM to P. aeruginosa in the sera 5 days after bacterial challenge in the burned mice. Interestingly, CD43(+)CD5(-)CD23(-)B220(dim) cells, namely B-1b cells, increased in the liver after the IL-18 treatment and were found to actively produce IgM in vitro without any additional stimulation. Furthermore, the IL-18 treatment up-regulated the neutrophil count and the C3a levels in the blood as a result of the increased IgM level, which may thus play a critical role in the opsonization and elimination of any invading bacteria. IL-18 treatment for the burned mice and their resultant natural IgM production were thus found to strengthen the host defense against P. aeruginosa infection.
Phase<scp>I</scp>and<scp>II</scp>metabolism and<scp>MRP</scp>2‐mediated export of bosentan in a<scp>MDCKII</scp>‐<scp>OATP1B1‐CYP3A4‐UGT1A1‐MRP2</scp>quadruple‐transfected cell line (2013)

These in vitro data indicate that bosentan is a substrate of UGT1A1. Moreover, the efflux transporter MRP2 mediates export of bosentan and most likely also of bosentan glucuronide in the cell system. Taken together, cell lines simultaneously expressing transport proteins and metabolizing enzymes represent additional useful tools for the investigation of the interplay of transport and metabolism of drugs.
HIV Protease Inhibitors Impact on Apoptosis (2008)

HIV protease inhibitors are the backbone of HIV therapy. In addition to blocking intracellular HIV protease and dramatically decreasing viral burden, the protease inhibitors also regulate apoptosis. A growing body of data has confirmed the immunomodulatory effects of HIV protease inhibitors which block CD4+ and CD8+ T cell death in models of HIV infection. The mechanism of this apoptosis inhibition is still under active investigation and supported by several proposed hypothesis for how they alter the fate of the cell. More recently, the anti-apoptotic effects of the HIV protease inhibitors has been extended to the non-HIV, non-immune cell, whereby protease inhibitors prevent apoptosis, and disease, in animal models of sepsis, hepatitis and stroke. Interestingly, when HIV protease inhibitors are used at supra-therapeutic concentrations, they exert pro-apoptotic effects. This has been demonstrated in a number of tumor models. Although it is unclear how HIV protease inhibitors can induce apoptosis at increased concentrations, future research will define the targets of the immunomodulation and reveal the full clinical potential of this intriguing class of drugs.
Recognizing Personal Locations From Egocentric Videos (2016)

Contextual awareness in wearable computing allows for construction of intelligent systems, which are able to interact with the user in a more natural way. In this paper, we study how personal locations arising from the user's daily activities can be recognized from egocentric videos. We assume that few training samples are available for learning purposes. Considering the diversity of the devices available on the market, we introduce a benchmark dataset containing egocentric videos of eight personal locations acquired by a user with four different wearable cameras. To make our analysis useful in real-world scenarios, we propose a method to reject negative locations, i.e., those not belonging to any of the categories of interest for the end-user. We assess the performances of the main state-of-the-art representations for scene and object classification on the considered task, as well as the influence of device-specific factors such as the field of view and the wearing modality. Concerning the different device-specific factors, experiments revealed that the best results are obtained using a head-mounted wide-angular device. Our analysis shows the effectiveness of using representations based on convolutional neural networks, employing basic transfer learning techniques and an entropy-based rejection algorithm.
Foundations of Binocular Vision: A Clinical Perspective (2000)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Binocular Vision: Why Do We Have Two Eyes? Chapter 2: Visual Direction. Chapter 3: Fusion and Correspondence. Chapter 4: The Horopter. Chapter 5: Alternatives to Fusion. Chapter 6: Binocular Summation. Chapter 7: Stereopsis. Chapter 8: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology. Chapter 9: Development of Binocular Vision. Appendix A: Viewing the Stereograms In This Book.
Grid Edge Control: A new approach for volt-var optimization (2016)

A new approach to achieving volt-var control through the use of fast-acting distributed hybrid power electronics devices at the grid edge is proposed. It is shown that there is a missing layer of control at the grid edge which the conventional approaches do not address. Through field demonstration of 91, 10 kVAR devices on a 13 kV, 6 MW feeder, up to 5% CVR, 72% reduction in voltage volatility, 80% reduction in voltage unbalance and feeder level dynamic var control using the proposed grid edge control is presented.
The Q121 PC-1 Variant and Obesity Have Additive and Independent Effects in Causing Insulin Resistance (2001)

PC-1 is a membrane glycoprotein that impairs insulin receptor function. Its K121Q polymorphism is a genetic determinant of insulin resistance. We investigated whether the PC-1 gene modulates insulin sensitivity independently of weight status (i.e. both in nonobese and obese individuals). Nondiabetic subjects [164 males, 267 females; age, 37 ± 0.6 yr, mean ± sem; body mass index (BMI), 32.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2], who were subdivided into 220 nonobese (BMI ≤ 29.9) and 211 obese, were studied. Although subjects were nondiabetic by selection criteria, plasma insulin concentrations during oral glucose tolerance test were higher (P < 0.05) in Q allele-carrying subjects (K121Q or Q121Q genotypes), compared with K121K individuals, in both the nonobese and obese groups. Insulin sensitivity, measured by euglycemic clamp in a representative subgroup of 131 of 431 randomly selected subjects, progressively decreased (P < 0.001) from nonobese K121K [n= 61; glucose disposal (M) = 34.9 ± 1.1 μmol/kg/min] to nonobese Q (n = 21; M = 29.9 ± 2.0), obese K121K (n = 31, M = 18.5 ± 1.2), and obese Q (n = 18, M = 15.5 ± 1.2) carriers. The K121Q polymorphism was correlated with insulin sensitivity independently (P < 0.05) of BMI, gender, age, and waist circumference. In conclusion, the Q121 PC-1 variant and obesity have independent and additive effects in causing insulin resistance.
Flow Field Measurements of Paraelectric, Peristaltic, and Combined Plasma Actuators Based on the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) (2004)

The EHD approaches tested in the past included drag reduction from the ion wind associated with atmospheric corona discharges, but the induced velocity was small, of the order of one meter per second, and the drag reduction effect weak 5, 6 . In this paper, we extend previous results to document with Pitot tube measurements the flow fields associated with both paraelectric and peristaltic plasma actuators, and with a combination of both in which paraelectric flow acceleration provides a boost to increase the peristaltic plasma flow velocity. We have found that the flow field of the plasma actuators can be modeled as a classical Glauert wall jet, and have compared the plasma actuator flow field to that of the Glauert wall jet. In addition to documenting these EHD flow fields, we report on exploratory research designed to improve the electrode configuration of both peristaltic and paraelectric plasma actuators, and to make the induced flow velocities laminar rather than turbulent. Finally, we report tests made on a 25x25 cm panel covered with plasma actuator electrode strips to determine the effects on the actuator plasma of water spray, walking on the actuator panel, and direct contact (touching) with the panel while energized. The development of the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) 7, 8 has made it possible to install on the wings and fuselage of aircraft mechanically robust glow discharge plasma actuators that require only a few watts per linear foot. These actuators can provide, through Lorentzian collisions, a purely electrohydrodynamic (EHD) coupling between the electric field in the plasma and the neutral gas in the boundary layer
A new research agenda for business segmentation (2002)

Since its conception over 60 years ago by Frederick in 1934, the concept of segmentation has gained increasing importance, in both the consumer and the business domains. Examination of research within the latter domain indicates that, although considerable amounts of research have been carried out, these efforts appear to focus on sub‐areas of segmentation such as the development of segmentation bases and models, at the expense of a more strategic view. This not only has resulted in a diffused understanding of the subject‐matter but also is posited to have slowed the progress of theory development and research in business segmentation. Presents a comprehensive conceptualisation of business segmentation in the form of an integrating framework of business segmentation, aimed at raising new research agendas which could lead to a better understanding of existing gaps between theory and implementation and better recommendations to practitioners and assisting further development of theory in business segmentation.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy for Metal Deposition Studies (1999)

Electrolytic metal deposition, particularly from aqueous solution, provides the basis for a number of indispensable industrial applications such as metal winning and refining, metal plating for corrosion protection, and surface finishing. Circuit board manufacturing in microelectronics, in particular, has renewed interest in the research of metal deposition. In addition to its industrial significance, electrodeposition is also of principal interest in regard to its fundamentals, such as, the investigation of electrocrystallization phenomena.
Recent Advances in Bacteriophage Based Biosensors for Food-Borne Pathogen Detection (2013)

Foodborne diseases are a major health concern that can have severe impact on society and can add tremendous financial burden to our health care systems. Rapid early detection of food contamination is therefore relevant for the containment of food-borne pathogens. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as microbiological and biochemical identification are time-consuming and laborious, while immunological or nucleic acid-based techniques require extensive sample preparation and are not amenable to miniaturization for on-site detection. Biosensors have shown tremendous promise to overcome these limitations and are being aggressively studied to provide rapid, reliable and sensitive detection platforms for such applications. Novel biological recognition elements are studied to improve the selectivity and facilitate integration on the transduction platform for sensitive detection. Bacteriophages are one such unique biological entity that show excellent host selectivity and have been actively used as recognition probes for pathogen detection. This review summarizes the extensive literature search on the application of bacteriophages (and recently their receptor binding proteins) as probes for sensitive and selective detection of foodborne pathogens, and critically outlines their advantages and disadvantages over other recognition elements.
Radar interferometry: limits and potential (1993)

The contribution of radar interferometry to the field of digital terrain modeling is important because this technique offers specific features which optical instruments cannot attain. However, the complexity of the height restitution and the accuracy of the result strongly depend on the orbital geometry at the time of the data takes. The present study aims at assessing the potential of a given image pair with regard to interferometry and at automatically reducing the phase ambiguity intrinsic to such processing. Particular applications of differential interferometry are also discussed in order to estimate their requirements and prepare future experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CCK receptor antagonist L-365,260 potentiated electroacupuncture analgesia in Wistar rats but not in audiogenic epileptic rats. (1994)

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) has been shown to be a neuropeptide with potent anti-opioid activity. Previous studies have shown that central administration of nanogram dose of CCK-8 totally abolished morphine analgesia in the rat, an effect mediated by CCK-B receptor in central nervous system. In the present study CCK-B antagonist L-365,260 was injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) to Wistar rats to see its effect on the analgesic effect induced by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation. A marked potentiation of EA-induced analgesia was observed. The degree of potentiation depends on the frequency of EA used, with a rank order of 100 Hz > 15 Hz = 2/15 Hz > > 2 Hz. In a strain of rat with acoustically evoked epileptic seizure (P77PMC rats), an extra-ordinarily strong analgesic effect was produced in response to 100 Hz EA stimulation, which was similar to that in Wistar rats pre-treated with L-365,260. However, L-365,260 was not effective in potentiating EA analgesia in P77PMC rats. The results suggest that (1) high frequency EA is more likely to increase the release of CCK-8 in CNS as compared to low frequency EA, and (2) P77PMC rats may have a functional defect of the central CCK neurons in the nature of either a low CCK content or a reduced rate of release of CCK-8 in the CNS.
Setting Up of the Wollongong Women’s Centre (2002)

I n the late 1970s representatives of eleven groups of Illawarra women met to discuss the need for a place that provided feminist services to women. Other cities had such places ... Sydney and Newcastle … but Wollongong had nothing. One of the things we did was liaise with some of those people and find out they set their centres up. The setting up of the Wollongong Women’s Centre in Stewart Street, Wollongong was a remarkable effort on the part of an energetic group of disparate (and sometimes desperate) women. It took just a year from the thought to the reality – April 1979 to April 1980, and this year was packed with activity from individuals, small groups and the larger body. Now I’ve learnt something tonight, the Working Women’s Charter group had probably been thinking about for it a bit longer, but I’m going to talk about when those eleven groups got together.
Characteristics of a Saturated 18.9-nm Tabletop Laser Operating at 5-Hz Repetition Rate (2004)

We report the characteristics of a saturated high-repetition rate Ni-like Mo laser at 18.9 nm. This table-top soft X-ray laser was pumped at a 5-Hz repetition rate by 8-ps 1-J optical laser pulses impinging at grazing incidence into a precreated Mo plasma. The variation of the laser output intensity as a function of the grazing incidence angle of the main pump beam is reported. The maximum laser output intensity was observed for an angle of 20/spl deg/, at which we measured a small signal gain of 65 cm/sup -1/ and a gain-length product g/spl times/l>15. Spatial coherence measurements resulting from a Young's double-slit interference experiment show the equivalent incoherent source diameter is about 11 /spl mu/m. The peak spectral brightness is estimated to be of the order of 1/spl times/10/sup 24/ photons s/sup -1/ mm/sup -2/ mrad/sup -2/ within 0.01% spectral bandwidth. This type of practical, small scale, high-repetition soft X-ray laser is of interest for many applications.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Automatic Object Detection on Aerial Images (2016)

We are witnessing daily acquisition of large amounts of aerial and satellite imagery. Analysis of such large quantities of data can be helpful for many practical applications. In this letter, we present an automatic content-based analysis of aerial imagery in order to detect and mark arbitrary objects or regions in high-resolution images. For that purpose, we proposed a method for automatic object detection based on a convolutional neural network. A novel two-stage approach for network training is implemented and verified in the tasks of aerial image classification and object detection. First, we tested the proposed training approach using UCMerced data set of aerial images and achieved accuracy of approximately 98.6%. Second, the method for automatic object detection was implemented and verified. For implementation on GPGPU, a required processing time for one aerial image of size 5000 × 5000 pixels was around 30 s.
Phototriggered protein syntheses by using (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl-caged aminoacyl tRNAs (2016)

The possibility of spatiotemporally photocontrolling translation holds considerable promise for studies on the biological roles of local translation in cells and tissues. Here we report caged aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) synthesized using a (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl (DEACM)-cage compound. DEACM-caged aa-tRNA does not spontaneously deacylate for at least 4 h in neutral aqueous solution, and does not bind to the elongation factor Tu. On irradiation at ∼405 nm at 125 mW cm(-2), DEACM-aa-tRNA is converted into active aa-tRNA with a half-life of 19 s. Notably, this rapid uncaging induced by visible light does not impair the translation system. Translation is photoinduced when DEACM-aa-tRNA carrying a CCCG or a CUA anticodon is uncaged in the presence of mRNAs harbouring a CGGG four-base codon or a UAG amber codon, respectively. Protein synthesis is phototriggered in several model systems, including an in vitro translation system, an agarose gel, in liposomes and in mammalian cells.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Antithrombin III (1991)

Three monoclonal antibodies identified as D8, B11 and C5 of different specificities have been produced against human antithrombin III (AT). The apparent dissociation constants (Kd app) of the AT-antibody interaction were determined by ELISA method: Kd app (D8) = 2.4 nmole, Kd app (B11) = 13 nmole, Kd app (C5) = 24 nmole. All three antibodies reacted with isolated AT on immunoblots obtained with "native" PAGE. The D8 antibody also reacted with plasma and serum AT while B11 antibody reacted with serum thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes as well.
The design, fabrication, and testing of corrugated silicon nitride diaphragms (1994)

Silicon nitride corrugated diaphragms of 2 mm/spl times/2 mm/spl times/1 /spl mu/m have been fabricated with 8 circular corrugations, having depths of 4, 10, or 14 /spl mu/m. The diaphragms with 4-/spl mu/m-deep corrugations show a measured mechanical sensitivity (increase in the deflection over the increase in the applied pressure) which is 25 times larger than the mechanical sensitivity of flat diaphragms of equal size and thickness. Since this gain in sensitivity is due to reduction of the initial stress, the sensitivity can only increase in the case of diaphragms with initial stress. A simple analytical model has been proposed that takes the influence of initial tensile stress into account. The model predicts that the presence of corrugations increases the sensitivity of the diaphragms, because the initial diaphragm stress is reduced. The model also predicts that for corrugations with a larger depth the sensitivity decreases, because the bending stiffness of the corrugations then becomes dominant. These predictions have been confirmed by experiments. The application of corrugated diaphragms offers the possibility to control the sensitivity of thin diaphragms by geometrical parameters, thus eliminating the effect of variations in the initial stress, due to variations in the diaphragm deposition process and/or the influence of temperature changes and packaging stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Orthant Based Proximal Stochastic Gradient Method for $\ell_1$-Regularized Optimization (2020)

Sparsity-inducing regularization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning applications, ranging from feature selection to model compression. In this paper, we present a novel stochastic method -- Orthant Based Proximal Stochastic Gradient Method (OBProx-SG) -- to solve perhaps the most popular instance, i.e., the l1-regularized problem. The OBProx-SG method contains two steps: (i) a proximal stochastic gradient step to predict a support cover of the solution; and (ii) an orthant step to aggressively enhance the sparsity level via orthant face projection. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, e.g., Prox-SG, RDA and Prox-SVRG, the OBProx-SG not only converges to the global optimal solutions (in convex scenario) or the stationary points (in non-convex scenario), but also promotes the sparsity of the solutions substantially. Particularly, on a large number of convex problems, OBProx-SG outperforms the existing methods comprehensively in the aspect of sparsity exploration and objective values. Moreover, the experiments on non-convex deep neural networks, e.g., MobileNetV1 and ResNet18, further demonstrate its superiority by achieving the solutions of much higher sparsity without sacrificing generalization accuracy.
CLINICAL ENDPOINTS FOR THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2016)

Ophthalmologists and retina specialists now have a wide range of assessments available for the functional and anatomic characterization of GA in patients with age-related macular degeneration. To date, studies have been limited by their unimodal approach, and we recommend that future studies of GA use multimodal imaging. We also suggest strategies for the optimal functional testing of patients with GA.
Physician-driven management of patient progress notes in an intensive care unit (2010)

We describe fieldwork in which we studied hospital ICU physicians and their strategies and documentation aids for composing patient progress notes. We then present a clinical documentation prototype, activeNotes, that supports the creation of these notes, using techniques designed based on our fieldwork. ActiveNotes integrates automated, context-sensitive patient data retrieval, and user control of automated data updates and alerts via tagging, into the documentation process. We performed a qualitative study of activeNotes with 15 physicians at the hospital to explore the utility of our information retrieval and tagging techniques. The physicians indicated their desire to use tags for a number of purposes, some of them extensions to what we intended, and others new to us and unexplored in other systems of which we are aware. We discuss the physicians' responses to our prototype and distill several of their proposed uses of tags: to assist in note content management, communication with other clinicians, and care delivery.