gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Implicit Path Enumeration and Model Checking Based WCET Analysis (2009)

In this paper, we present our new worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis tool for Java processors, supporting both implicit path enumeration (IPET) and model checking based execution time estimation. Even though model checking is significantly more expensive than IPET, it simplifies accurate modeling of pipelines and caches. Experimental results using the UPPAAL model checker indicate that model checking is fast enough for typical tasks in embedded applications, though large loop bounds may lead to long analysis times. To obtain a tool which is able to cope with larger applications, we recommend to use model checking for more important code fragments, and combine it with the IPET approach.
N-hydroxy amides. Part 5. Synthesis and properties of N-hydroxypeptides having leucine enkephalin sequences (1986)

In order to study the effects of the N-hydroxy amide group, N-hydroxyenkephalin analogues with the H-Tyr-(HO)X-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH sequence, where X = Gly, L-Ala, or β-Ala, have been synthesized. A 1H n.m.r. study indicates that the N-hydroxyenkephalins have a type I β-turn structure in dimethyl sulphoxide solution. From the interaction of (HO)Gly- and β-(HO)Ala-analogues with CuII it is suggested that the hydroxyamide function exerts a definite influence on the complexation. These N-hydroxy enkephalins are resistant to aminopeptidase M. A qualitative analgesia test shows that the (HO)Ala-analogue possesses a more lasting potency than that of Leu5-enkephalin, while having a comparable activity.
Multiple-Traverse Absorption Cell Design* (1961)

An approximate expression is derived for the length of a stigmatic final image in multiple-traverse cells of the John U. White type. The length of the final tangential image is, for a point source, ΔLT≈hb212R2(N-4N),where h is the height of the “rear” mirrors illuminated, b is the separation of the entrance and exit images, R is the common radius of curvature of the three spherical mirrors, and N is the number of traversals. Direct experimental measurements of image length for two sets of mirrors are in agreement with the calculated values. The results are discussed in terms of design parameters, and two new cells constructed in accordance with these principles are described.
Use of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment to Manage Compensated Trendelenburg Gait Caused by Sacroiliac Somatic Dysfunction (2010)

Gait dysfunctions are commonly encountered in the primary care setting. Compensated Trendelenburg gait is a gait dysfunction that was originally described in patients with weakness of ipsilateral hip abduction. This condition is thought to result from neuronal injury or myopathy. No treatment modalities currently exist for compensated Trendelenburg gait. The authors present a case in which osteopathic manipulative treatment may have improved a Trendelenburg gait dysfunction in a man aged 65 years with multiple sclerosis. Evidence of this improvement was obtained with the GaitMat II system for measuring numerous gait parameters. Based on the results reported in the present case, the authors propose that compensated Trendelenburg gait may arise from somatic dysfunction and may be corrected by osteopathic manipulative treatment.
Bispectrum estimation: A parametric approach (1985)

Higher order spectra contain information about random processes that is not contained in the ordinary power spectrum such as the degree of nonlinearity and deviations from normality. Estimation of the bispectrum, which is a third-order spectrum, has been applied in various fields to obtain information regarding quadratic phase coupling among harmonic components and non-Gaussianness of processes. Existing methods of bispectrum estimation are patterned after the conventional methods of power spectrum estimation which are known to possess certain limitations. The paper proposes a parametric approach to bispectrum estimation based on a non-Gaussian white noise driven autoregressive (AR) model. The AR parameter estimates are obtained by solving the third-order recursion equations which may be Toeplitz in form but not symmetric. It is shown that the method provides bispectral estimates that are far superior to the conventional estimates in terms of bispectral fidelity and that in the case of detecting phase coupling among sinusoids, the method provides significantly better resolution.
Psoriasis and susceptibility to other autoimmune diseases: an outline for the clinician (2013)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2% of the adult population. Common cutaneous manifestations include well-defined red plaques with a silvery-white scale, typically distributed ...
Dual (n+/p+) Polycide Gate Technology using Si-rich WSix to Exterminate Lateral Dopant Diffusion (1994)

We have developed a new technology to solve the device degradation of the dual-polycide-gate N+/P+ CMOS due to the lateral dopant diffusion in the silicide. This was realized by using a Si-rich WSix without any other process steps. With this technology, no significant threshold voltage shift was observed in PMOS even after 900°C annealing. This is because the grain growth of the excess Si in the WSix blocks the lateral dopant diffusion path.
A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, clinical trial of paroxetine in depressed outpatients (1989)

A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was carried out in outpatients suffering from major unipolar depressive disorder to assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of depression. The study lasted for six weeks. After a placebo washout period of 4 to 14 days patients took 20mg of paroxetine or matched placebo as a morning dose for one week; thereafter the dose of paroxetine could be titrated between 10 and 50mg/day. Patients were evaluated at baseline, weekly during the first four weeks of the study, and at the end of six weeks; patients who entered a six-week extension phase were evaluated at 9 and 12 weeks. Evaluations were carried out using HAMD (including ECDEU factors), MADRS, HSCL, Covi anxiety and Raskin depression scales, CGI, and a seven-point rating of global improvement. Adverse events and laboratory values were also recorded at each assessment. One hundred and eleven patients entered the study, and efficacy data were available for 102 of these (49 on paroxetine and 53 on placebo). Efficacy measurements demonstrated significantly greater clinical improvement with paroxetine than placebo after two weeks of treatment, and this became even more marked after six weeks. Patients who continued treatment for a further six weeks maintained their clinical improvement. When adverse events were examined, statistically significant differences between paroxetine and placebo were seen only for sweating, diarrhoea, nausea, and somnolence. No significant changes were seen in any of the laboratory parameters measured. If these results are confirmed in future studies, paroxetine will represent an important addition to the treatments available for depression.
Determination of tert-Butylhydroxytoluene by Flow Injection Analysis at Polymer Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes (1998)

A flow injection method for the determination of the antioxidant BHT using polymer modified electrodes in connection with amperometric detection is proposed. The procedure is based on the electrochemical oxidation at 0.700 V (vs. Ag/AgCl[3M NaCl]) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2). BHT is determined over the range 0.001–0.020 or 0.005–0.030 gL−1. Other analytical parameters, such as electrode working potential, flow rate, electrodeposited charge and solution pH were optimized. The proposed method was applied to the determination of BHT in electrical transformer and vegetable oils samples. The results were compared with the HPLC-UV detection standard technique.
3D BUILDING MODEL GENERATION FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER DATA USING 2D GIS DATA AND ORTHOGONAL POINT CLOUD PROJECTIONS (2005)

Human operators use an intuitive procedure of rotating laser scanner point clouds into specific projections when trying to understand the structure of buildings contained in the data. This procedure has been formalized and incorporated into an automatic building model reconstruction procedure. The method derives the building orientation from the analysis of height histogram bins. Using the orientation, orthogonal 2D projections of the point clouds are generated, where roof planes occur as lines of points. These lines representing planes are extracted by a line tracking algorithm. In subsequent processing steps, the lines are extended to planes, and the planes are analysed for deviations from rectangular shape. Two or more neighbouring planes are grouped to generate 3D building models. Existing 2D GIS data may be used in the process to provide a reliable segmentation of airborne laser scanner datasets and to generate hypothesis supporting the actual building reconstruction. The method of 3D building model generation based on airborne laser scanner data and 2D GIS data has been tested on a dataset containing 250 buildings of different complexity. The success rate of correctly modelled buildings was close to 100 % in simple regions with new-build residential buildings and dropped to below 50 % in rather complex inner city areas or industrial areas. 1.
Sequential Evaluation of Dogs Naturally Infected with<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>,<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>,<i>Ehrlichia equi</i>,<i>Ehrlichia ewingii</i>, or<i>Bartonella vinsonii</i> (1998)

Historically, disease manifestations in dogs seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing have been attributed to infection with either E. canis or Ehrlichia ewingii. A 1996 study by Dawson and colleagues provided PCR evidence that healthy dogs from southeastern Virginia could be naturally infected with Ehrlichia chaffeensis. This observation stimulated us to determine which Ehrlichia spp. infected sick dogs that were referred to our hospital from the same region. Based upon PCR amplification with species-specific primers, sick dogs seroreactive to E. canis antigens were determined to be infected with four Ehrlichia species: E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. equi, and E. ewingii. Coinfection with three Ehrlichia species (E. canis, E. ewingii, and E. equi) was documented for one dog. An additional canine pathogen presumed to be tick transmitted, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, was identified in 7 of 12 dogs. Importantly, our results indicate that in naturally infected dogs, E. chaffeensis can cause severe disease manifestations that are clinically and serologically indistinguishable from disease manifestations of E. canis or E. ewingii. In addition, our findings support the efficacy of doxycycline for treatment of E. canis, E. equi, and E. ewingii infections but indicate that, based upon the persistence of E. chaffeensis DNA for 1 year following treatment, E. chaffeensis infection in dogs may be more refractory to doxycycline treatment. Undetected coinfection with Bartonella may also complicate the evaluation of treatment efficacy while resulting in disease manifestations that mimic ehrlichiosis.
Stylized Facts of Patent Litigation: Value, Scope and Ownership (1997)

This paper investigates characteristics litigated patents by combining for first time information about patent case filings from U.S. district courts detailed data from the U.S. Patent Trademark Office. We construct a series indicators for factors which the theoretical literature suggests contribute to litigation: frequency disputes asymmetry stakes, structure information, costs. Compared to a random sample of U.S. patents from same cohorts technology areas, we find that more valuable patents and those with domestic owners are considerably more likely to be involved in litigation. Patents owned by individuals are at least as likely to be subject a case as corporate patents and litigation is particularly frequent in new technology areas. We interpret results with reference to theoretical models litigation settlement discuss what they suggest about effect patent litigation on incentives to invest in R&D
Activation of Salivary Secretion: Coupling of Cell Volume and [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> in Single Cells (1989)

High-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy and digital imaging of the fluorescent calcium indicator dye fura-2 were performed simultaneously in single rat salivary gland acinar cells to examine the effects of muscarinic stimulation on cell volume and cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Agonist stimulation of fluid secretion is initially associated with a rapid tenfold increase in [Ca2+]i as well as a substantial cell shrinkage. Subsequent changes of cell volume in the continued presence of agonist are tightly coupled to dynamic levels of [Ca2+]i, even during [Ca2+]i oscillations. Experiments with Ca2+ chelators and ionophores showed that physiological elevations of [Ca2+]i are necessary and sufficient to cause changes in cell volume. The relation between [Ca2+]i and cell volume suggests that the latter reflects the secretory state of the acinar cell. Agonist-induced changes in [Ca2+]i, by modulating specific ion permeabilities, result in solute movement into or out of the cell. The resultant cell volume changes may be important in modulating salivary secretion.
A bistable MOSFET-type metal-tunnel insulator-semiconductor switch (1981)

A new lateral bistable switching structure including an ultra-thin tunnel oxide is presented. The device has an S-type negative resistance characteristic similar to that of a thyristor. Switching between the two stable states is controlled by a MOS-type gate. The device exhibits linear gate control of the switching voltage, a property not shown by other thin-oxide switching structures. The gate can also be used to turn the device off because of variation in the holding current with gate bias.
Advanced Gas Chromatography - Progress in Agricultural, Biomedical and Industrial Applications (2012)

Progress in agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications' is a compilation of recent advances and developments in gas chromatography and its applications. The chapters cover various aspects of applications ranging from basic biological, biomedical applications to industrial applications. Book chapters analyze new developments in chromatographic columns, microextraction techniques, derivatisation techniques and pyrolysis techniques. The book also includes several aspects of basic chromatography techniques and is suitable for both young and advanced chromatographers. It includes some new developments in chromatography such as multidimensional chromatography, inverse chromatography and some discussions on two-dimensional chromatography. The topics covered include analysis of volatiles, toxicants, indoor air, petroleum hydrocarbons, organometallic compounds and natural products. The chapters were written by experts from various fields and clearly assisted by simple diagrams and tables. This book is highly recommended for chemists as well as non-chemists working in gas chromatography.
Shape memory gels made by the modulated gel technology (1997)

Shape memory gels based on interpenetrating only part of one gel network with another gel network have been synthesized. These gels consist of two parts: a control element, which is responsive to a designated environmental stimulus, and a nonresponsive substrate element. By designing the pattern in the gelation process, a variety of shapes are obtained including “spiral,” “square,” “fish,” “numbers,” “alphabets,” and “tube.” The change between two different shapes can be controlled by external stimuli such as temperature and is reversible. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1173–1178, 1997
Part II: 3-D object recognition and shape estimation from image contours using B-splines, shape invariant matching, and neural network (1994)

For pt. I, see ibid., p.1-12 (1994). This paper is the second part of a 3-D object recognition and shape estimation system that identifies particular objects by recognizing the special markings (text, symbols, drawings, etc.) on their surfaces. The shape of the object is identified from the image curves using B-spline curve modeling as described in Part I, as well as a binocular stereo imaging system. This is achieved by first estimating the 3-D control points from the corresponding curves in each image in the stereo imaging system. From the 3-D control points, the 3-D object curves are generated, and these are subsequently used for estimating the 3-D surface parameters. A Bayesian framework is used for classifying the image into one of c possible surfaces based on the extracted 3-D object curves. This is complemented by a neural network (NN) that recognizes the surface as a particular object (e.g., a Pepsi can versus a peanut butter jar), by reading the text/markings on the surface. To reduce the amount of training the NN has to undergo for recognition, the object curves are "unwarped" into planar curves before the matching process. This eliminates the need for templates that are surface shape dependent and results in a planar curve that might be a rotated, translated, and scaled version of the template. Hence, for the matching process we need to use measures that are invariant to these transformations. One such measure is the Fourier descriptors (FD) derived from the control points associated with the unwarped parent curves. The approach is tried on a variety of images of real objects and appears to hold great promise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electromagnons in Multiferroic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>YMn</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>TbMn</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2007)

Based on temperature dependent far infrared transmission spectra of YMn2O5 and TbMn2O5 single crystals, we report the observation of electric dipole-active magnetic excitations, or electromagnons, in these multiferroics. Electromagnons are found to be directly responsible for the steplike anomaly of the static dielectric constant at the commensurate--incommensurate magnetic transition and are the origin of the colossal magneto-dielectric effect reported in these multiferroics.
Clause Aggregation Using Linguistic Knowledge (1998)

By combining multiple clauses into one single sentence, a text generation system can express the same amount of information in fewer words and at the same time, produce a great variety of complex constructions. In this paper, we describe hypotactic and paratactic operators for generating complex sentences from clause-sized semantic representations. These two types of operators are portable and reusable because they are based on general resources such as the lexicon and the grammar.
Impact of cetane improvers on ignition delay times of several alternative biofuels (1996)

Biofuel technology could be approaching one of its greatest development milestones--being accepted as a standard item on new vehicle technology. In particular, the Partnership for a New Generation Vehicle (PNGV) lists the evaluation and possible utilization of alternative fuels as one of the technological focuses to be evaluated by the year 2000. Synergy 2010, Ford`s newest Taurus model concept car, includes the use of a 20:1 compression-ratio, compression-ignition (CI) engine as the preferred engine. The preferred fuels include diesel, gasoline, and methanol. Cetane improvers make methanol fuel practical with a 20:1 compression ratio engine such as that proposed with Synergy 2010 and are a key technology for biofuel success. CI engines have a high probability of becoming the preferred engines for PNGV vehicles since CI engines are 20% to 30% more efficient than spark-ignition engines. In addition, CI engines allow a wider range of viable biofuels to be used. This paper is on the impact of cetane improvers on methanol and other biofuels. Fuels are evaluated through ignition delay time studies in a constant volume combustor. Ignition delay times measured at several temperatures and with biofuels of different compositions provide much more data than conventional cetane numbers and provide anmore » understanding which is essential to engineer biofuels for the best possible performance in new engines. Ignition delay times are reported for several biofuels including mixtures containing biodiesel, methanol, and syrup.« less
Long‐Term Decay of the HIV‐1 Reservoir in HIV‐1–Infected Children Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2006)

To investigate the decay of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we measured HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 children who achieved and maintained suppression of plasma viremia up to 48 months after the initiation of HAART. Levels of intracellular unspliced and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA were used as markers of residual viral replication. During the first month of HAART, there were significant decays in levels of both plasma HIV-1 RNA and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA, yet unspliced HIV-1 RNA persisted in most of the children. Greater HIV-1 DNA decay during the first month of HAART correlated with a higher concomitant increase in CD4(+) cell counts (P=.028) and a smaller subsequent HIV-1 DNA decay (P=.0012). Furthermore, HIV-1 DNA decayed faster from 1 to 9 months of HAART (median half-life, 5 months) than during the subsequent follow-up period (median half-life, 30 months). Moreover, after 9 months of HAART, HIV-1 DNA tended to decay more slowly in children with detectable levels of unspliced HIV-1 RNA. These findings suggest that clearance of the viral reservoir in HAART-treated children may be influenced by immune repopulation and residual viral replication and may help in refining long-term treatment strategies.
Protocols for Slotted Liner Design for Optimum SAGD Operation (2009)

Abstract Slotted liners are used extensively in the majority of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations conducted in Western Canada due to their superior mechanical strength and integrity in contrast to other mechanical sand-control devices. These liners are required because of the generally poorly or unconsolidated nature of the majority of formations in which SAGD applications are conducted. These liners can have a variety of configurations with varying slot density, slotting patterns, slot apertures and slot internal geometries. The overall objective of a successful slotted liner design is to ensure that the liner allows the maximum production of bitumen and other fluids with a minimum pressure drop, while retaining the majority of the formation sand and preventing infill of the horizontal section of the well with solids and erosion and failure of downhole pumps and surface equipment. This paper describes a detailed lab test protocol which was successfully developed over a number years for the design and evaluation of slot geometry for SAGD applications, describes test procedures used and quantifies some of the major mechanisms discovered that lead to the plugging of slots. It has been found that in addition to grain size of the sand under consideration and slot geometry, that clay content of the formation, flow velocity, wetting phase type and pH play crucial roles in the plugging mechanism of slotted liners. Clay plugging at the top portion of the slots has been found to be the dominant damage mechanism. Introduction SAGD is being used extensively in Western Canada and other areas in the world as an effective and economic means for the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen reserves and represents the current primary technology for the exploitation of this large hydrocarbon resource(1-5).