gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Suitable for Molecular Monitoring of Schistosome-Infected Snails in Field Laboratories (2012)

We previously described loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni DNA in infected snails. In the present study, we adapted the LAMP assay for application in field laboratories in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Isolation of DNA was simplified by blotting snail tissue (extracted in NaOH/sodium dodecyl sulfate) onto treated membranes, which enabled preservation at ambient temperatures. A ready-mix of LAMP reagents, suitable for shipment at ambient temperature and storage in minimal refrigeration, was used. Local survey teams without experience in molecular biology acquired operational expertise with this test within a few hours. Fifty-four field-caught snails were tested locally by LAMP and 59 were tested at similar conditions in Jerusalem. The LAMP results were consistent with those of a polymerase chain reaction; only four samples showed false-negative results. Results indicate that LAMP assays are suitable for detection of S. haematobium and S. mansoni in low-technology parasitology laboratories in which schistosomiasis elimination activities are undertaken.
Host-Residual Invariant NK T Cells Attenuate Graft-versus-Host Immunity (2005)

Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells have an invariant TCR-alpha chain and are activated in a CD1d-restricted manner. They are thought to regulate immune responses and play important roles in autoimmunity, allergy, infection, and tumor immunity. They also appear to influence immunity after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we examined the role of iNKT cells in graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection in a mouse model of MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation, using materials including alpha-galactosylceramide, NKT cells expanded in vitro, and Jalpha18 knockout mice that lack iNKT cells. We found that host-residual iNKT cells constitute effector cells which play a crucial role in reducing the severity of GVHD, and that this reduction is associated with a delayed increase in serum Th2 cytokine levels. Interestingly, we also found that host-residual iNKT cause a delay in engraftment and, under certain conditions, graft rejection. These results indicate that host-residual iNKT cells attenuate graft-vs-host immunity rather than host-vs-graft immunity.
Intronic MicroRNA (miRNA) (2006)

Nearly 97% of the human genome is composed of noncoding DNA, which varies from one species to another. Changes in these sequences often manifest themselves in clinical and circumstantial malfunction. Numerous genes in these non-protein-coding regions encode microRNAs, which are responsible for RNA-mediated gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded regulatory RNAs capable of interfering with intracellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with complete or partial complementarity, are useful for the design of new therapies against cancer polymorphisms and viral mutations. Currently, many varieties of miRNA are widely reported in plants, animals, and even microbes. Intron-derived microRNA (Id-miRNA) is a new class of miRNA derived from the processing of gene introns. The intronic miRNA requires type-II RNA polymerases (Pol-II) and spliceosomal components for their biogenesis. Several kinds of Id-miRNA have been identified in C elegans, mouse, and human cells; however, neither function nor application has been reported. Here, we show for the first time that intron-derived miRNAs are able to induce RNA interference in not only human and mouse cells, but in also zebrafish, chicken embryos, and adult mice, demonstrating the evolutionary preservation of intron-mediated gene silencing via functional miRNA in cell and in vivo. These findings suggest an intracellular miRNA-mediated gene regulatory system, fine-tuning the degradation of protein-coding messenger RNAs.
Shutdown of an acute T cell immune response to viral infection is mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein Bim (2003)

We used mutant Fas-deficient (lpr) or Bim-deficient mice to investigate the role of the death receptor and Bcl-2-regulated apoptotic pathways in terminating a physiological T cell response to herpes simplex virus infection. In WT and lpr mice CD8+ antigen-specific T cells were deleted after viral clearance. In contrast, the immune response was not terminated in Bim-deficient mice despite viral clearance, and CD8+ antigen-specific T cells accumulated in the spleen. Thus, Bim is dispensable for viral clearance but is necessary for the death of activated T cells when immune responses are terminated. These findings have implications for the therapeutic manipulation of immune responses to infections and immunization.
Journeys of the imagination? The cultural tour route revealed. (2004)

This chapter investigates cultural tour participants' experiences. It specifically addresses the extent to which participants' images of their destinations change or remain unaltered after their visit, and whether satisfaction from a tour can be linked to the degree of informal learning gained about the route. The empirical research employed route mapping to elicit information about tour members' knowledge before and after touring. Data were based on a survey of 110 respondents in Dublin Airport in Ireland, from 23-30 September 1999. A multi-method approach combined qualitative and quantitative techniques in the analyses of the route maps, and triangulated the findings with those from focused interviews and participant observation. The study found that tourists' images changed in magnitude as the tour had enforced already well-defined images. It concludes that the potential for tour members to interact with host communities, lies not only with the tourists themselves, but also with destination image intermediaries and tourism policy makers.
CdS:Mn nanocrystals passivated by ZnS: Synthesis and luminescent properties (2004)

Synthesis and characterization of highly luminescent ZnS-passivated CdS:Mn (CdS:Mn/ZnS) core/shell structured nanocrystals are reported. Mn-doped CdS core nanocrystals are produced ranging from 1.5 to 2.3 nm in diameter with epitaxial ZnS shell of wider band gap via a reverse micelle process. UV irradiation-stimulated photo-oxidation of the ZnS shell results in formation of sulfate (ZnSO(4)) as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which increases the photoluminescence emission intensity and subsequent photostability. Luminescent relaxation lifetime data present two different decay components, consisting of slow decay emission from the Mn center and a fast decay emission from a defect-related center. The impact of the density of surface defect states upon the emission spectra is discussed.
ROLE OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE IN THE FERMENTABLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM MALT MASHES* (1994)

The cause of the high glucose to maltose ratio in sorghum malt worts was studied. Mashing temperature and pH strongly affected both the amount of glucose and the proportion of glucose relative to total fermentable sugars. The relative proportion of glucose was higher when mashing was performed. at pH 4.0, close to the pH optimum for sorghum alpha-glucosidase, than at the natural pH of the mash (pH 6.0–5.5). Mashing according to the EBC procedure using an enzymic malt extract with pre-cooked malt insoluble solids producing a wort containing maltose and glucose in an approximately 4:1 ratio, whereas mashing with a malt extract without pre-cooking the malt insoluble solids resulted in a wort with approximately equal amounts of maltose and glucose. Both treatments gave the same quantity of total fermentable sugars and amount of wort extract. Sorghum alpha-glucosidase was confirmed to be highly insoluble in water. All or virtually all activity was associated with the insoluble solids. Hence, it appears that the high amount of glucose formed when sorghum malt is mashed conventionally is due to alpha-glucosidase activity. Pre-cooking the malt insoluble solids inactivates the alpha-glucosidase, preventing the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose.
Trace amounts of murine immunoglobulin in affinity purified leukocyte interferon alpha are not immunogenic. (1992)

Human leukocyte-derived interferon alfa-n3 (Alferon N Injection) is purified to very high specific activity over a murine immunoaffinity column specific for human interferon alpha. Trace amounts of murine immunoglobulin copurify with the interferon alfa-n3. Three populations of individuals were studied for the development of human anto-murine antibodies (HAMA), that is, normal donors, Condylomata acuminata patients receiving interferon alfa-n3, and Condylomata acuminata patients receiving placebo. High and variable endogenous levels of HAMA were observed in all three populations. The same relative increase in HAMA was seen in the placebo as in the interferon alfa-n3 treatment groups. The data demonstrate that intralesional injection of the interferon alfa-n3 did not induce the development of HAMA.
Rate of reduction of ruthenium(III) complexes by chromium(II) and vanadium(II) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate of reduction of ruthenium(III) complexes by chromium(II) and vanadium(II)William G. Movius and Robert G. LinckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 9, 2677–2683Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00712a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00712a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dissociative ionization of small molecules in intense laser fields (1993)

With the development of high power, subpicosecond lasers, it has become possible to study the process of multielectron dissociative ionization of small molecules at intensities in excess of 1014 W cm-2. At such intensities the conventional multiphoton approach is too complex and the field ionization model becomes more attractive. This article reviews the experimental results obtained to date and indicates how certain aspects of the process, namely the mode of multiple ionization, the thresholds for multiple ionization, the charge symmetry of the fragment ion production and their peaked angular distributions, can be explained in terms of a field ionization, Coulomb explosion model. However, a more sophisticated approach is undoubtedly required to explain the lack of variation of fragment ion kinetic energies with laser risetime, the variation of kinetic energies with laser wavelength and the molecule specificity of the process.
PROTECCION CONTRA RADIACTIVIDAD EN ALIMENTOS (1988)

ARTICULO DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE COMUNICACION DE LA CIENCIA (CUCC) SOBRE LA PROTECCION CONTRA RADIACTIVIDAD EN ALIMENTOS, ELABORADO POR LA BIOLOGA CARMEN SANCHEZ.
Prototype of multiphase modular-multilevel-converter with 2 MW power rating and 17-level-output-voltage (2004)

A versatile prototype converter system of the new modular-multilevel converter (M/sup 2/LC) family is introduced. The new concept stands out due to its stringent modular construction as well as its extremely good control characteristics. This new M/sup 2/LC concept is well suitable for a wide range of high voltage applications. The basic working principle as well as the static and dynamic behaviour is explained in detail on a single-phase AC/AC-converter enabling four-quadrant operation. The M/sup 2/LC-family has already been introduced and examined for applications like traction converters, operating directly on the power line, and network interties [Marquardt, R et al., 2003 and Lesnicar, A et al., 2002]. With this prototype converter system, the characteristics of various different M/sup 2/LC-topologies can be investigated, including single or three phase DC/AC converters as well as multiphase AC/AC converters. The prototype converter has been designed in such a way that its configuration can be quickly changed between wide ranges of topologies. A flexible control system has been implemented, which is capable of controlling up to 32 IGBTs per converter arm, independently. Next to the presentation of the converter and its control system, measurement results are presented including converter operation.
Dual-Axis Electromagnetic Scanning Micromirror Using Radial Magnetic Field (2006)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement results of a dual-axis electromagnetic scanning micromirror utilizing radial magnetic field. The scanner is comprised of a gimbaled single-crystal-silicon micromirror with a single turn electroplated metal coil, assembled passively above a concentric permanent magnet assembly. Proposed scanner utilizes the radial magnetic field rather than using the magnetic field oriented 45 ° to the horizontal and vertical scan axes to achieve a biaxial magnetic actuation[ 1,2]. Forced actuation of the gimbal and resonant actuation of the micromirror provide slow vertical scan and fast horizontal scan respectively. A dual-axis scanner with maximum scan angle of 16.1 °, mirror size of 1.5 mm in diameter, and resonant frequency of 19.7kHz is reported.
Implementation of medical information bus (MIB) at LDS Hospital (1988)

Medical Information Bus (MIB) is a standard designed to allow different medical instrument manufacturers to transmit data from their instruments to a host computer. The authors felt that such a system, if developed without any field experience and feedback from end users, might be impractical. Therefore, they developed and implemented an MIB system using IV pumps. The MIB standard at that time was used for the system development. After a few trials and design modifications based on the user feedback, a system was designed to collect data from IV pumps. The system includes device communication controllers as the pump-MIB interface and a master communication controller capable of communicating with up to 254 devices in one unit as the host interface. The MIB host system software on a Charles River Data Systems micromini and host system was modified to acquire data for HELP, the hospital information system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutation of lasA and lasB reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa invasion of epithelial cells (2003)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen implicated in a variety of devastating conditions. Its flexibility as a pathogen is attributed to a myriad of virulence factors and regulatory elements that respond to prevailing environmental conditions. ExoS and ExoT are type III secreted effector proteins, regulated by the transcriptional activator ExsA, that can inhibit invasion of epithelial cells by cytotoxic strains of P. aeruginosa. This study sought to understand why invasive strains, which can secrete both ExoS and ExoT, still invade epithelial cells. The results showed that LasA and elastase (LasB), which are regulated by the Las and Rhl quorum-sensing systems, modulated P. aeruginosa invasion. Mutation of lasA and/or lasB reduced P. aeruginosa invasion, which was not fully restored by extracellularly added LasB, P. aeruginosa conditioned medium containing LasA and LasB, or EGTA pretreatment of cells. This indicated that protease effects on invasion involved factors additional to tight junction disruption and subsequent alterations to cell polarity. Upon mutation of lasA and/or lasB, steady-state levels of ExoS and ExoT were increased in culture medium of P. aeruginosa grown under conditions stimulatory for these toxins. The increase in ExoS was significantly correlated with reduced invasion. In vitro experiments showed that purified LasB degraded recombinant ExoS. Taken together, these studies suggest a mechanism by which invasive strains can synthesize inhibitors of invasion, ExoS and ExoT, yet still invade epithelial cells. By this mechanism, LasA and LasB decrease the levels of the toxins directly or indirectly, and thus reduce inhibition of invasion.
Generation of Thiyl Radicals by the Photolysis of 5-Iodo-4-thiouridine (2005)

The photochemistry of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-5-iodo-4-thiouridine (3) in deoxygenated 1:1 CH(3)CN-H(2)O pH 5.8 (phosphate buffer) solution has been studied by means of steady-state and nanosecond laser flash photolysis methods. Under steady-state irradiation (lambda > or = 334 nm), the stable photoproducts were iodide ion, 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-4-thiouridine (4), and two disulfides. The disulfides were the symmetrical bis-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-5-iodo-4-thiouridine) (5) and unsymmetrical 6, which contains both 4-thiouridine and 5-iodo-4-thiouridine residues. The formation of the dehalogenated photoproduct suggests that C(5)-I bond cleavage is a primary photochemical step. Attempts to scavenge the resulting C(5)-centered radical by suitable addends, bis-(N-alpha-acetyl)cystine-bis-N-ethylamide or benzene, were unsuccessful. Analysis of the photoproducts formed under these conditions showed that the S-atom is the reactive center. The photoproduct 4, obtained by irradiation of 3 in CD(3)CN-H(2)O, followed by reversed-phase HPLC isolation using nonlabeled eluents, did not contain deuterium. An analogous experiment performed in CH(3)CN-D(2)O gave deuterated product 4-d with 88% of the deuterium incorporated at C(5). Transient absorption observed upon laser excitation (lambda= 308 nm) of 3 was assigned to the 4-uridinylthiyl radical on the basis of the similarity of this spectrum with that obtained upon laser photolysis of the disulfide: bis-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-4-thiouridine) 14. On the basis of the results of steady-state and laser photolysis studies, a mechanism of the photochemical reaction of 3 is proposed. The key mechanistic step is a transformation of the C(5)-centered radical formed initially by C(5)-I bond cleavage into a long-lived S-centered radical via a 1,3-hydrogen shift. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the long-lived S-centered radical is the most stable radical derived from the 4-thiouracil residue.
Clinical Efficacy of Carbamazepine in Affective, Schizoaffective, and Schizophrenic Disorders (1989)

The therapeutic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) were evaluated in 103 patients with affective disorders, 54 with schizophrenic disorders, and 26 with schizoaffective disorders by a multi-institutional open study. The rate of marked and moderate improvement was 72.8% in affective disorders, 54.6% in schizophrenic disorders, and 61.5% in schizoaffective disorders. Symptom items of the Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Group rating scale for mania showed significant improvement in the patients with affective disorders as well as in those of the other two groups. In the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale as applied to patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorders, symptom items related to affect and emotion showed significant improvement. The antimanic efficacy of CBZ was also noted in many poor responders to lithium. Side-effects were observed in 82 patients (44.8%), and abnormal laboratory findings in 37 patients (44.8%), and abnormal laboratory findings in 37 patients. The present study seems to confirm the usefulness of CBZ for the treatment of affective disorders and in some cases, of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.
Dynamic clock calibration via temperature measurement (2009)

We study a clock calibration problem for an ultra-low power timer on a sensor node platform. When the sensor is put into sleep mode, this timer is the only thing left running, so power consumption is extremely low. However, this power savings comes at the expense of loss in timing accuracy, which can result in unnecessary energy consumption from two unsynchronized devices trying to communicate. The speed of the timer is dependent on the ambient temperature. Because this dependence can be measured off-line, one way to improve timing accuracy is to periodically wake the processor up to take temperature measurements, and use these measurements in combination with the local clock ticks to obtain a more accurate estimate of the elapsed real time. The goal of this work is to dynamically schedule a limited number of temperature measurements in a manner most useful to improving the accuracy of the timer. We present a stochastic control formulation to solve this problem.
Antigenic Polypeptide Complex from the Melvin Strain of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> : Isolation and Properties (1979)

An antigenic complex has been isolated in a highly purified from from the Melvin strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The complex has a molecular weight of 9.3 x 10(6) and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to consist of several subunits; the most predominant had the following molecular weights: 110,000, 94,000, 68,000, a smear containing (52,000, 48,000, and 44,000), 42,000, 36,000, 29,000, 28,000, 26,000, and 12,000 comprising 89% of the total protein. With the exception of the subunit of molecular weight 110,000, no change in the content or the mobility of other subunits was observed when beta-mercaptoethanol was omitted from the denaturation solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis of the complex showed a predominance of hydrophobic amino acids. These data implicated noncovalent interactions between the subunits. When the cells were labeled with fluorescamine it was possible to obtain a fluorescent complex with identical properties. Among several buffers used for the isolation of the complex, 0.2 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 7.5) gave maximum yield with low amounts of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid; the choice of the buffer for column chromatography did not seem to make any difference. The high protein content and low amounts of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid are characteristic properties of the complex.
Increased circulating levels of soluble Fas ligand are correlated with disease activity in patients with fibrosing lung diseases (2002)

Although further studies need to be performed on a large number of patients with histologically proven IPF or CVD-IP, it would seem that serum sFasL levels may reflect the activity of IPF and CVD-IP.