gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrete negative refraction in photonic crystal waveguide arrays (2006)

We report a systematic analysis of anomalous refractive effects at interfaces between two photonic crystal waveguide arrays. Discrete negative refraction can be easily predicted from the sign of the coupling coefficient between adjacent waveguides, regardless of handedness of propagation.
Structural requirements for transformation of substrates by the (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine:delta 24(25)-sterol methyl transferase (1991)

The membrane-bound enzyme of microsomes obtained from sunflower embryos that catalyzes the bi-substrate transfer reaction whereby the methyl group of (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine is transferred to C-24 of the sterol side chain has been investigated. Optimal incubation conditions for assay of the microsomal (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine:sterol delta 24-methyl transferase (SMT) have been established for the first time. The microsomal preparation was found to catalyze the formation of a delta 24(28)-sterol and to be free of contaminating methyl transferase enzymes, e.g. those which form delta 23-24 methyl sterols (cyclosadol) and delta 25-24 beta-methyl sterols (cyclolaudenol) and other sterolic enzymes which might transform the acceptor molecule to metabolites which could compete in the assay with the test substrate. From a series of incubations with 27 sterol and sterol-like (triterpenoids) substrates of which 23 compounds possessed a 24,25-double bond, we observed a marked dependence on precise structural features and three-dimensional shape of the acceptor molecule in its ability to be transformed by the SMT. In contrast to the yeast SMT where cycloartenol fails to bind to the SMT and zymosterol is the best substrate for methylation, the sunflower SMT studied here utilizes cycloartenol preferentially to zymosterol and the other substrates. Of the chemical groups which distinguishes cycloartenol, a free 3 beta-OH,9 beta,19-cyclopropyl group, trimethylated saturated nucleus, and delta 24-double bond, only the nucleophilic centers at C-3 and C-24 were obligatory for substrate binding and methylation. Of the bent or flat conformations which cycloartenol may orient in the enzyme-substrate complex, our results indicate a selection for acceptor molecules which possess the shape that closely resembles the crystal state and solution orientation of cycloartenol which is now known to be flat rather than bent (Nes, W. D., Benson, M., Lundin, R. E., and Le, P. H. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 5759-5763).
Flat diversity antenna at 900 MHz for mobile telephone (2003)

A flat diversity antenna is proposed for mobile telephone using a disk-loaded monopole antenna and notch antenna arrays. The notch array designed as a turnstile antenna for receiving the magnetic field components is replaced by the disk of the disk-loaded monopole antenna. Since the electric field components are received by the disk loaded monopole antenna, this combination provides an energy density reception. A prototype of the flat diversity antenna is demonstrated, and the measured results of the input impedance characteristics and the radiation patterns are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Modification of Epitaxial Graphene: Spontaneous Grafting of Aryl Groups (2009)

The addition of nitrophenyl groups to the surface of few-layer epitaxial graphene (EG) by the formation of covalent carbon-carbon bonds changed the electronic structure and transport properties of the EG from near-metallic to semiconducting.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Rejection‐Wavelength Tuning of Photonic‐Bandgap Composites (2005)

Rejection-wavelength tuning is achieved by combining the mechanochromic response of photonic bandgap composites with the intrinsic electroactive properties of dielectric thin films. By straining the composite electrode, the photonic crystal interparticle lattice constant is varied in situ (see Figure). These simple-to-make films may find use in photonic devices that require a compact light-propagation controlling component.
Isolation and characterization of a Mr = 38,000 protein from differentiating smooth muscle cells. (1985)

In culture, vascular smooth muscle cells grow and form a confluent monolayer of cells. Under appropriate conditions, regions of the monolayer can be induced to draw away from the substrate and form multicellular nodules. The ultrastructure of the cells in the nodules appears to be similar to that of differentiated smooth muscle cells. The process of nodulation is associated with the synthesis of a unique protein whose molecular weight is estimated from gradient gel electrophoresis to be 38,000 (38-kDa Protein). The protein is secreted into the culture medium and can be detected either by metabolic labeling or by staining with Coomassie Blue. Partial purification of 38-kDa Protein was achieved using affinity chromatography. The protein is adsorbed to heparin-agarose, but not to gelatin-agarose. The concentration of 38-kDa Protein in nodular conditioned medium is estimated at 1.9 micrograms/ml and less than 0.01 microgram/ml in conditioned medium made from monolayer cells. The presence of 5% fetal bovine serum in the labeling medium does not affect 38-kDa Protein synthesis. Cross-reactivity with fibronectin was evaluated using polyvalent antibodies to 38-kDa Protein. The 38-kDa Protein is not antigenically related to fibronectin. Furthermore, we establish that the protein is not qualitatively influenced by the presence of ascorbate (50 micrograms/ml), beta-aminoproprionitrile fumarate (50 micrograms/ml) heparin (10 ng/ml), or fibronectin (20 micrograms/ml) in the culture medium. We find that the added components neither suppress 38-kDa Protein synthesis in nodular cultures nor enhance 38-kDa Protein synthesis in monolayer cultures. The 38-kDa Protein is not detected in either monolayer or nodular cell layers and appears to be a secreted protein. Its appearance in nodular conditioned medium during nodulation suggests a relationship with that process.
Opposing Effects of 15-Lipoxygenase-1 and -2 Metabolites on MAPK Signaling in Prostate (2002)

Human prostate tumors have elevated levels of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) and data suggest that 15-LOX-1 may play a role in the development of prostate cancer. In contrast, 15-LOX-2 expression is higher in normal rather than in tumor prostate tissue and appears to suppress cancer development. We recently reported that 13-(S)-HODE, the 15-LOX-1 metabolite, up-regulates the MAP kinase signaling pathway and subsequently down-regulates PPARgamma in human colorectal carcinoma cells. To determine whether this mechanism is applicable to prostate cancer and what the effects of 15-LOX-2 are, we investigated the effect of 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2, and their metabolites on epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling in prostate carcinoma cells. In PC3 cells, 13-(S)-HODE, a 15-LOX-1 metabolite, up-regulated MAP kinase while in contrast 15-(S)-HETE, a 15-LOX-2 metabolite, down-regulated MAP kinase. As a result, 13-(S)-HODE increased PPARgamma phosphorylation while a subsequent decrease in PPARgamma phosphorylation was observed with 15-(S)-HETE. Thus, 15-LOX metabolites have opposing effects on the regulation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway and a downstream target of MAP kinase signaling like PPARgamma. In addition to the EGF signaling pathway, the IGF signaling pathway appears to be linked to prostate cancer. 13-(S)-HODE and 15-(S)-HETE up-regulate or down-regulate, respectively, both the MAPK and Akt pathways after activation with IGF-1. Thus, the effect of these lipid metabolites is not solely restricted to EGF signaling and not solely restricted to MAPK signaling. These results provide a plausible mechanism to explain the apparent opposing effects 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 play in prostate cancer.
Liquid-chromatographic direct determination of phenylalanine and tyrosine in serum or plasma, with application to patients with phenylketonuria. (1982)

With this method, picomole amounts of phenylalanine and tyrosine can be rapidly separated and directly measured by absorbance at 206 nm. As little as 25 microliters of serum or plasma suffices. Plasma is deproteinized and 20 microliters of the supernate, representing 1.8 microliters of plasma, is applied to a reversed-phase column and eluted isocratically with a solution containing methanol and H3PO4, pH 2.4. The tyrosine and phenylalanine peaks appear at 6 and 10 min, respectively. We used the method to measure phenylalanine in plasma from six children with phenylketonuria.
Impulsive Noise Cancellation in Multicarrier Transmission (2005)

A parallel between Reed-Solomon codes in the complex field and multicarrier transmission using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is first presented. This shows that when the signal is sent over some channel composed of Gaussian plus impulsive noise, the impulsive noise can be removed by a procedure similar to channel decoding, using information carried by the "syndrome." This result is first derived in a simple situation (oversampled discrete multitone, additive channel), which is merely of theoretical interest. In any case, consecutive zeros, in the output of the OFDM modulator, do not correspond to real subcarriers. Pilot tones are transmitted for synchronization or channel-estimation purposes. These pilot tones are generally scattered among the information ones. Our approach is to use these pilot tones as syndromes, in order to correct impulsive noise. We show that the correction capacity is conditioned by the position of these pilot tones in the transmitted sequence. A protection subsystem based on hypotheses tests is introduced after the decoding operation in order to detect malfunctions of this decoder. The efficiency of this technique is corroborated with simulations in the slightly modified Hiperlan2 context. Other extensions are then provided in order to increase the practical usefulness of the method.
Automatic Walkthrough Utilizing Building Information Modeling to Facilitate Architectural Visualization (2008)

This paper presents a new system that supports automatic path planning for walkthrough in building models, using information retrieved from Building Information Modeling (BIM). It can automatically generate a path that explores all or part of the rooms in a building. During a real-time walkthrough, users will be able to follow the path while interactively controlling their viewing angles. That way, users can take guided tours while simultaneously looking around to examine the spaces. We expect the system to be useful in design review because BIM models of design can be easily brought into the system that allows reviewers to start walkthrough immediately and interactively. The significance of the work is that the system has potential applications for visualization of complex building design.
Proton Linkage in Formation of the Cytochrome c-Cytochrome c Peroxidase Complex: Electrostatic Properties of the High- and Low-Affinity Cytochrome Binding Sites on the Peroxidase (1994)

The electrostatic character of cytochrome c-cytochrome c peroxidase complex formation has been studied by potentiometric titration between pH 5.5 and 7.75. Potentiometric data obtained at ionic strength > or = 100 mM were adequately analyzed in terms of 1:1 complex formation while the simplest model capable of fitting similar data obtained at lower ionic strength involves the assumption of two inequivalent binding sites for the cytochrome on the peroxidase. The stability of cytochrome c binding at the high-affinity site is ca. three orders of magnitude greater than that observed for the low-affinity site and is optimal between pH 6.75 and 7. The electrostatic properties of the two binding sites are distinctly different because, at most values of pH, binding of cytochrome c to the high-affinity site results in proton release while binding of the cytochrome to the low-affinity site results in proton uptake. Furthermore, binding of the cytochrome to the low-affinity site appears to be least stable in the pH range where binding to the high-affinity site is optimal. Interestingly, the binding parameters derived from these measurements were independent of temperature, consistent with a substantial entropic contribution to complex stability. Ferricytochrome c binds to the peroxidase with a slightly greater affinity than does ferrocytochrome c, and no evidence for specific anion effects on complex stability was observed. At low ionic strength (< or = 50 mM) and high pH (7.75), the interaction of the two proteins is more complex and cannot be adequately analyzed in terms of the two-site model.
Zur Kenntnis cyclischer N,O‐Acetale des (±)‐Calycotomins und (±)‐Homocalycotomins (1966)

Abstract (±)‐Homocalycotomin liefert mit Carbonylverbindungen Tetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazine, die wie die aus (±)‐Calycotomin erhältlichen Oxazolidine durch Reaktion mit Nucleophilen zu 1,2‐substituierten Py‐Tetrahydro‐isochinolinen führen.
Frequency of the Hemochromatosis Gene (<i>HFE</i>) Variants in a Jordanian Arab Population and in Diabetics from the Same Region (2009)

Hereditary HFE-linked hemochromatosis is a frequent recessive disorder among individuals of northern European ancestry. The clinical characteristic of this disease is the gradual accumulation of iron in internal organs, which ultimately may lead to organ damage and death. Three allelic variants of HFE gene have been correlated with hereditary hemochromatosis: C282Y is significantly associated with hereditary hemochromatosis in populations of Celtic origin, H63D and S65C are associated with milder form of iron overload. In this study we performed mutation analysis to identify allele frequency of the three variants of HFE gene in Jordanian Arab population, to assess deviations of these frequencies from those detected elsewhere, and to determine if there is an increased frequency of these variants in a diabetic population (Type 2 diabetes) from the same area. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 440 individuals attending King Abdullah University Hospital for ambulatory services. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify exons 2 and 4 of the HFE gene then restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to detect the variants. There were neither homozygous nor heterozygous for C282Y variant. For the H63D variant, 0.68% were homozygous and 21.1% were heterozygous. For the S65C variant, there were no homozygous and 0.23% were heterozygous. Allelic frequencies were, 0%, 11.25%, and 0.11% for C282Y, H63D, and S65C, respectively. Our samples were subdivided into two categories of type 2 diabetic (89 cases) and controls (blood donors, 204 cases) and compared with regard to the H63D variant. Both groups did not have homozygous H63D variant. H63D heterozygous in diabetics were 23.60% and in blood donor controls 22.55%. Allelic frequency of the mutant H63D allele was 11.80% in diabetics and 11.27% for the blood donor controls. This is the first study to show the frequency of the three hemochromatosis gene variants in Jordan with the interesting finding of no C282Y allele detected in 440 samples. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in H63D variant frequency in type 2 diabetics as compared to controls.
Design of primer pairs for species-specific diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi using PCR (2012)

The objective of this study was to design and evaluate new primers for species-specific detection of L. infantum chagasi using PCR. Two combinations of primer pairs were established with the aim of obtaining specific amplification products from the L. infantum chagasi 18S rRNA gene. The combinations of the primer pairs and the respective sizes of the PCR products, based on the U422465 GenBank reference sequence of L. infantum chagasi, were: LCS1/LCS3 (259 bp) and LCS2/LCS3 (820 bp). It was concluded that the new PCR assays optimized using the primer pairs LCS1/LCS3 and LCS2/LCS3 were effective for specific detection of L. infantum chagasi, with analytical sensitivity to detect 1 pg/µL of DNA.
A broadband doubler with harmonic rejection in 90nm CMOS (2015)

In this paper, we present a broadband frequency doubler with harmonic rejection using 90nm CMOS process. The balanced frequency doubler adopts cascode topology with class C bias to maximize second order harmonic generation. An elliptic low pass filter is integrated inside the cascode structure to suppress the fourth and higher order harmonic power. The 3-dB bandwidth of this frequency doubler is from 42 to 90 GHz with 8 to 11 dB conversion loss under 5-dBm input drive.
Alteration of the Tumor Suppressor Gene p53 in a High Fraction of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (1995)

Our study revealed a clear progression of increased p53 alteration from untreated primary to hormone refractory disease (p < 0.00005).
APPLICATION OF THE ALL-PURPOSE TRAFFIC PROCESSOR (1975)

A microprocessor has been developed for use both in and outdoors for different levels of traffic control, such as isolated intersections, sub-areas and areas. A detailed description is given of the all purpose traffic controller 86 AD 190 which handles complex multiphase intersections up to 32 signal groups in different modes of operation. As a master controller 87 AD 146, the system performs coordination and supervision of a number of intersections in a sub-area. On area level the 83 AD 147 version of this system supervises and monitors a number of master controllers and their associated local controllers in different sub-areas. /TRRL/
Slow conductances in neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex in vitro and their role in slow excitability changes (1988)

1. The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of slow afterpotentials in large layer V neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex were studied in an in vitro slice preparation using intracellular recording and single-microelectrode voltage clamp. These properties were used to assess the role of afterpotential mechanisms in prolonged excitability changes. 2. The mean duration of a slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) was 13.5 s following 100 spikes evoked at 100 Hz. Its time course was best described by two exponential components, which decayed with time constants of several hundred milliseconds (the early sAHP) and several seconds (the late sAHP). The amplitude of both the early and late components were sensitive to membrane potential and raised extracellular K+ concentration [( K+]o). 3. The early sAHP was reduced when divalent cations were substituted for Ca2+, whereas the late sAHP was unaffected. We conclude that a Ca2+-mediated K+ conductance is responsible for much of the early sAHP. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), 1-s voltage-clamp steps were used to evoke slow AHPs or outward ionic currents. These AHPs and currents were abolished in Ca2+-free perfusate, but they had a maximum duration of only a few seconds. Thus the slowest outward currents we could observe during voltage clamp in TTX were responsible only for the early sAHP. 4. The possible role of an electrogenic Na+-K+ pump in the late sAHP was examined by applying ouabain to the slice. Ouabain did not reduce selectively the late sAHP, and its effect was best explained by a decrease in intracellular K+ concentration and an increase in [K+]o. 5. Muscarinic and beta-adrenergic agonists reduced or abolished the entire (early and late) sAHP. Neither type of agonist affected the Ca2+-dependent, apamin-sensitive medium-duration afterhyperpolarization (35). We conclude that both the Ca2+-mediated K+ conductance underlying the early sAHP and the Ca2+-independent mechanisms underlying the late sAHP are sensitive to at least two classes of transmitter agonists. 6. We focused on the muscarinic effects. When concentrations greater than 5 microM were employed, the entire (early and late) sAHP was replaced by a slow afterdepolarization (sADP). Muscarine reduced the sAHP directly by reducing the underlying outward ionic currents and indirectly by causing the sADP. The sADP was Ca2+-mediated, since it was abolished by Ca2+-free perfusate but not by TTX. 7. The ionic currents underlying the sAHP and the sADP influenced excitability for seconds following evoked repetitive firing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New Routes to Multicomponent Oxide Glasses (1971)

Abstract Multicomponent oxide glasses can be produced not only by melting methods but also by hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxide complexes with several metals. This requires temperatures only up to the transformation range of the glass in question, usually 500–600 °C. The process does not pass through the molten phase. It is possible to obtain glasses or polycrystalline substances, depending on the composition. The method is particularly suitable for the production of thin, transparent multicomponent oxide layers of almost any composition on substrates. Some of these layers provide protection against climatic attack or against oxidation.
Spectral voice conversion for text-to-speech synthesis (2002)

A new voice conversion algorithm that modifies a source speaker's speech to sound as if produced by a target speaker is presented. It is applied to a residual-excited LPC text-to-speech diphone synthesizer. Spectral parameters are mapped using a locally linear transformation based on Gaussian mixture models whose parameters are trained by joint density estimation. The LPC residuals are adjusted to match the target speakers average pitch. To study effects of the amount of training on performance, data sets of varying sizes are created by automatically selecting subsets of all available diphones by a vector quantization method. In an objective evaluation, the proposed method is found to perform more reliably for small training sets than a previous approach. In perceptual tests, it was shown that nearly optimal spectral conversion performance was achieved, even with a small amount of training data. However, speech quality improved with increases in the training set size.
Isolation and identification of <i>Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius</i> by 16S rDNA from mango juice and concentrate (2005)

Abstract In this study we investigate the spoilage of ultra high temperature UHT mango juice as well as a carbonated fruit juice blend to identify organisms contributing to the spoilage. The mango concentrate, the final product, as well as the other ingredients used during manufacturing, were tested for the presence of Alicyclobacillus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analyses. Microbiological examination of the mango pureé and spoiled fruit juices, using YSG agar [yeast extract 2 g, glucose 1 g, soluble starch 2 g, pH 3.7 (adjust with 2N H2SO4), H2O 1000 mL, bacto agar 15 g] incubated at 55 °C, detected sporeforming, acid dependent and thermotolerant bacteria. The hyper variable region of the 16S rDNA was amplified. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR fragments was determined using the ABI Prism 310 automated DNA sequencer and the collected sequencing data were analysed and compared with the non-redundant database using NCBI-BLAST. Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequences analyses. The results indicated that the mango purèe, as well as the final product of mango juice and the fruit juice blend, were positive for Alicyclobacillus. The preventative measures of low pH, pasteurization of mango juice and the subsequent use of aseptic packaging were not regarded as sufficient to prevent the outgrowth of Alicyclobacillus spoilage organisms.