gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent graphical user interface design utilizing multiple fuzzy agents (2000)

A novel approach for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of human–computer interactions through an intelligent graphical user interface (GUI) is presented in this paper. It is demonstrated that through monitoring the user's actions, the system can determine the intents of the user, transforming the deduced intentions into system actions. Understanding of the user's implicit actions can reduce the burden on the user in terms of required explicit commands. Hence, a human friendlier computer system is built. One method to assess the effectiveness of the user interface enhancements is by reduction in the number of operations performed by the user in achieving a specific goal while using the GUI. The enhanced graphical user interface described in this paper is a conventional GUI enhanced with an intelligent control module. The intelligent component is composed of a group of software agents that cooperate and compete to control the system. A computer mouse is used as the input device, through which the user performs a number of clicks and drag-and-drop tasks, while selecting and moving objects on the computer screen. The intelligent module monitors the movements and states of the mouse and the cursor, and aids the user based on the multiple agents’ determinations of the user's sub-goals. Experimental results are presented, where human subjects achieved specific goals using the GUI, with and without the intelligent control module. Initial experiments have confirmed that the novel technique is a feasible approach for designing an effective and efficient intelligent GUI, as it reduces the amount of work required from the human user who is interacting with the computer.
A high–quality color printing technology by electrophotography (1987)

Abstract Although color printing technology has actively been developed, the technology to satisfy the tone levels and resolution (the main factors in an image quality), printing speed and stability has not been established. This paper attempts to obtain a high‐quality color printing with high speed and high stability. First, the effects of the tone levels and resolution on the image quality were examined. To find their best combination, evaluation experiments were carried out by using various values of the tone levels and resolutions. The results show that a high‐quality image requires a resolution greater than 6 dots/mm and a tone level greater than 32. Second, it was confirmed that electrophotography with an elliptical laser beam scanning is superior to that with a conventional circular laser beam scanning in the tone level and stability. Experiments were done on the former with the conditions which satisfy the forementioned values, by employing the submatrix‐type dither. As a result, a high‐quality image with a resolution of 6 dots/mm and a tone level of 49 was obtained. Samples processed in this technology show that an image has no false contour and no roughness, that the forede‐scribed conditions for a high‐quality image are justified, and that this technology can be realized.
Assessment of alternating air mattresses using a time-based interface pressure threshold technique. (1998)

Laboratory evaluation techniques for support surfaces have centered largely around interface pressure (IP) measurement, typically analyzing discrete maximum and minimum levels, or calculating the average pressure. Nowadays, alternating pressure air mattresses (APAMs) are used increasingly for the prevention and treatment of pressure sores. Pressure relief (PR) provided by an APAM is time-varying. A computerized system that measures IP, air pressure, and pressure-time characteristics of dynamic support surfaces has been developed for performance assessment. Using this system, IP was recorded continuously and the durations of pressures below three thresholds (30, 20, and 10 mmHg) were calculated automatically. Fifteen sound volunteers were used to evaluate the pressure-relieving characteristics of four APAMs, including one overlay. Results indicated significant differences (p < 0.001) between products when durations below 20 and 10 mmHg thresholds were analyzed, showing some devices were only capable of momentarily relieving pressure. Maximum contact pressures on the sacrum were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) on devices where inflation pressure was adjusted according to the body mass of the subject. With further clinical validation, this tool could assist in the selection of alternating surfaces of any description.
Examination of reproductive aging milestones among women who carry the FMR1premutation (2007)

Possible molecular mechanisms to explain the non-linear repeat size risk for ovarian insufficiency are discussed.
Reversible Weight Change of Acceptor‐Doped BaTiO <sub>3</sub> (1981)

The oxygen vacancy concentration of BaTiO 3 doped with acceptors (Cr to Ni) is determined gravimetrically as a function of the O 2 partial pressure during and after annealing at 700° to 1300°C. The oxygen vacancy concentration of these materials is larger than that of undoped and donor‐doped BaTiO 3 . The oxygen vacancies are doubly ionized and they compensate the acceptors of lower valence. Both the vacancy concentration and the valence of the acceptor dopants depend on the annealing conditions. The electronic energy levels of the acceptors within the BaTiO 3 band gap are derived from the gravimetric measurements. The electrical properties of the acceptor‐doped ceramics are favorable for base‐metal‐electrode multilayer capacitors, which require sintering in reducing atmospheres.
An improved method for 3D shape estimation using cascade of neural networks (2017)

This paper tackles the problem of estimating 3D human poses from given 2D landmarks, which is still an ill-posed problem. The existing works have successfully applied Active Shape Model approach to estimate 3D human poses, but the error is still high. In this paper, we propose an improved method by using the cascade of neural networks to make the estimated shape more alike to the ground truth shape in two steps: (i) Creating the initial estimated 3D shape using existing methods. (ii) Making estimated shape more accuracy by using the cascade of neural networks. Compared to existing works, our method shows a significant improvement.
Biomimetic Oculomotor Control (2001)

Oculomotor control in a humanoid robot faces similar problems as biological oculomotor systems, that is, capturing targets accurately on a very narrow fovea, dealing with large delays in the control systems, the stabilization of gaze in the face of unknown perturbations of the body, selective attention, and the complexity of stereo vision. In this article, we suggest control circuits to realize three of the most basic oculomotor behaviors and their integration: the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response (VOR–OKR) for gaze stabilization, smooth pursuit for tracking moving objects, and saccades for overt visual attention. Each of these behaviors and the mechanism for their integration were derived with inspiration from computational theories as well as behavioral and physiological data in neuroscience. Our implementations on humanoid demonstrate good performance of oculomotor behaviors, which proves to be a viable strategy to explore novel control mechanisms for humanoid robotics. Conversely, insights gained from our models have been able to directly influence views and provide new directions for computational neuroscience research.
Algebraic method for blind recovery of punctured convolutional encoders from an erroneous bitstream (2012)

To enhance the quality of transmissions, all digital communication systems use error-correcting codes. By introducing some redundancy in the informative binary data stream, they allow one to better withstand channel impairments. The design of new coding schemes leads to a perpetual evolution of the digital communication systems and, thus, cognitive radio receivers have to be designed. Such receivers will be able to blind estimate the transmitter parameters. In this study, an algebraic method dedicated to the blind identification of punctured convolutional encoders is presented. The blind identification of such encoders is of great interest, because convolutional encoders are embedded in most digital transmission systems where the puncturing principle is used to increase the code rate to reduce the loss of the information data rate because of the redundancy introduced by the encoder. After a brief recall of the principle of puncturing codes and the construction of the equivalent punctured code, a new method dedicated to the blind identification of both the mother code and the puncturing pattern is developed when the received bits are erroneous. Finally, case studies are presented to illustrate the performances of our blind identification method.
The signals of FGFs on the neurogenesis of embryonic stem cells (2010)

These lines of evidence delineated the roles of FGF downstream signals in the early neural differentiation of ES cells.
Novel dual direction PNP with self-bias ring structure (2014)

A novel voltage rating adjustable dual direction PNP ESD clamp with self-bias ring structure is proposed and demonstrated for better isolation performance in this work. In comparison to conventional structure, measurements exhibit that the latch-up (LU) immunity are enhanced by more than 2.5X, and the leakage current level is simultaneously suppressed by more than 20X.
Chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms (1981)

Reactions and reaction rates reactions with a simple kinetic form reversible and concurrent reactions consecutive reactions - the steady state and other approximations consecutive mechanisms - intermediates and numerical solutions deduction of reaction mechanisms transition state theory and microscopic reversibility chain reactions and oscillating reactions reactions in solution extrakinetic probes of mechanism reactions at extreme rates.
A Patent Panacea? The Promise of Corbinized Claim Construction (2010)

A patent's claims define the scope of a patent-holder's right to exclude others.Because patent infringement actions often hinge on how a court construes claim terms, the interpretative approach that a court uses has a significant effect on the scope ofpatent rights.This article examines claim construction through the lens of contract law.In theory, the Federal Circuit has explicitly rejected the application of contract interpretation principles to claim construction, despite historical acceptance of the patent-contract analogy.In practice, however, the Federal Circuit applies the theory of contract interpretation espoused by Samuel Williston, a theory that focuses on the text of the document itself Unfortunately, this approach has resulted in a claim construction jurisprudence that lacks certainty and divides the judiciary.Accordingly, this article argues that courts should construe patent claims by following the theory of contract interpretation outlined by Williston's rival, Arthur Corbin-a theory that values substance over form.If applied in the patent context, this theory would expand the quality of sources used to interpret a claim and mitigate the problems spawned by the use of a Willistonian approach.In light of these advantages, Corbinized claim construction offers a doctrinal solution to the problems plaguing the Federal Circuit's current claim construction jurisprudence.
The Role of Wall Ca2+ in the Regulation of Wall Extensibility During the Acid-induced Extension of Soybean Hypocotyl Cell Walls (2005)

We examined the acid-facilitated yielding properties of cell walls of soybean hypocotyls and the effects of Ca(2+) upon the properties by stress-strain analyses using glycerinated hollow cylinders (GHCs) from the elongating regions of the hypocotyls. Stress-extension rate curves of native GHCs showed characteristic changes with pH, all indicating the existence of yield threshold tension (y) as well as wall extensibility (phi), i.e. a downward shift of y and an increase in phi with wall acidification. The acid-induced downward shift of y was inhibited by boiling of GHCs. In contrast, a considerable increase in phi with acidification remained even after boiling. This indicates that phi consists of two components, i.e. heat-sensitive and heat-resistant, both being pH sensitive. A Ca(2+) chelator (Quin 2) dramatically increased phi at a neutral pH. Subsequent addition of Ca(2+) or ruthenium red suppressed the chelator-induced increase in phi. These findings suggest that wall Ca(2+) plays an important role in the regulation of wall extensibility during the acid-induced wall extension by reacting with carboxyl groups of wall pectin.
Extracting Main Content of Webpage to Enhance Adaptively Rendering for Small Screen Size Terminals (2015)

In order to solve the problem that the small size screen mobile terminals have difficulty in accessing the existing web resources, this paper presented an adaptive transformation method based on extracting main content of webpage to enhance adaptively rendering for small size screen terminals. Our proposed method is based on atoms nodes' internal feature information to extract the main contents by text density junction link density. Experimental results demonstrated that our adaptive transformation method is not dependent on specific software and webpage templates, and it enhanced the web content adaptation on the small size screen terminals.
pH dependence of chlorophyll states, protein structures and function of the PSII membranes (2003)

The effect of varying pH on the photosystem II (PSII) membrane was studi ed using absorption and steady-state fluorescerce spectroscopy, and using a variable fluorescence technique. pH vari ati ons induced signi ficant changes in tbe chlorq>hyll states of tbe PSII merrbrane, but no effect was seen 01 the chiorophyll fluorescence parameter F:IF~. For acidic pHconditions, protein stn.ctures of the PSII rrembrane were slightly altered, whil st at alkali ne pH levels, large changes in the protei n structure of the PSII merrbrane were detected. The results indicate that tbe microenvi roorrent around Cys in tbe PSII merrbrane is very susceptible to aIkaline pH condi tims, and that in tbe acid (4 ::s; pH 7) regions, pH variation has no effect on tbe protein structures of the PSII reacti 01 center (RC).
Energy-efficient cooperative communication for data transmission in wireless sensor networks (2010)

It is a practical challenge to provide reliable and efficient communication for data transmission in wireless sensor networks. To recover from packet losses, conventional approaches tried to use retransmission or FEC mechanisms. However, these mechanisms may introduce excessive energy overhead for reliability guarantee. By exploiting the wireless broadcast nature and the node overhearing capability, we propose a novel cooperative communication scheme EECC to improve data transmission performance for wireless sensor networks. In this scheme, cooperative reply is performed at each hop by the best-suited node elected from those that have successfully overheard the transmitted packet. EECC is not a routing protocol but rather works as an augment to minimize the impact of packet losses on network performance. Extensive analytical and experimental results confirm that our scheme is very effective in improving both energy efficiency and end-to-end delay for data transmission in lossy networks.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis for Methyl 2‐Benzyloxyphenylacetate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low Latency Coding: Convolutional Codes vs. LDPC Codes (2012)

This paper compares the performance of convolutional codes to that of LDPC block codes with identical decoding latencies. The decoding algorithms considered are the Viterbi algorithm and stack sequential decoding for convolutional codes and iterative message passing for LDPC codes. It is shown that, at very low latencies, convolutional codes with Viterbi decoding offer the best performance, whereas for high latencies LDPC codes dominate - and sequential decoding of convolutional codes offers the best performance over a range of intermediate latency values. The "crossover latencies" - i.e., the latency values at which the best code/decoding selection changes - are identified for a variety of code rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6) and target bit/frame error rates. For sequential decoding, both blockwise and continuous resynchronization procedures are used to allow the decoder to recover the correct path. The results indicate that sequential decoding substantially extends (beyond what is possible with Viterbi decoding) the range of latency values over which convolutional codes prove advantageous compared to LDPC block codes.
Reconstruction Using the Saddle Prosthesis Following Excision of Primary and Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors (1995)

From 1988 to 1991, 17 patients with malignant periacetabular tumors underwent limb-sparing surgery and reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis. There were 8 patients with primary malignant lesions (Group 1), and 9 patients with metastatic or systemic tumor involving the periacetabular pelvis (Group 2). All resections included excision of the acetabulum. Patients ranged in age from 24 to 76 years (average, 59.8 years). Local control was achieved in all patients. Wide margins were obtained in all patients with primary pelvic tumors. Functional outcomes were rated as follows excellent (10), good (2), fair (1), and poor (4). Three patients, all of whom had pulmonary metastasis before surgery, died within 8 months of surgery. Of the remaining 14 patients, 5 patients died between 6 and 28 months after the index procedure. At the end of the followup period, 9 patients were still alive (6 in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2), with a followup period ranging from 15 to 62 months (average, 33.4 months). The overall results for surviving patients were 7 excellent and 2 good results, with no fair or poor results.
Energy-Efficient and Delay-Guaranteed Workload Allocation in IoT-Edge-Cloud Computing Systems (2019)

Edge computing has recently emerged as an extension to cloud computing for quality of service (QoS) provisioning particularly delay guarantee for delay-sensitive applications. By offloading the computationally intensive workloads to edge servers, the quality of computation experience, e.g., network transmission delay and transmission energy consumption, could be improved greatly. However, the computation resource of an edge server is so scarce that it cannot respond quickly to the bursting computation requirements. Accordingly, queuing delay is un-negligible in a computationally intensive environment, e.g., a computing environment consists of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In addition, the computation energy consumption in edge servers may be higher than that in clouds when the workload is heavy. To provide QoS for end users while achieving green computing for computing systems, the cooperation between edge servers and the cloud is significantly important. In this paper, the energy-efficient and delay-guaranteed workload allocation problem in an IoT-edge-cloud computing system are investigated. We formulate a delay-based workload allocation problem which suggests the optimal workload allocations among local edge server, neighbor edge servers, and cloud toward the minimal energy consumption as well as the delay guarantee. The problem is then tackled using a delay-base workload allocation (DBWA) algorithm based on Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty theory. The theoretical analysis and simulation results have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposal for energy efficiency and delay guarantee in an IoT-edge-cloud system.
Evaluation of Intragastric pH in Acutely Ill Patients (1979)

• The effect of various modalities on maintaining a high intragastric pH in acutely ill patients was evaluated. Twelve patients with one or more organ system failures had the effect of nasogastric suction, intragastric antacid instillation, and intravenous cimetidine administration on intragastric pH determined by an indwelling, intragastric pH probe. Each therapeutic modality was administered for 12 hours and the order of performance randomized. Nasogastric suction was associated with a constant intragastric pH of < 2.0. Mean intragastric pH with cimetidine administration was significantly higher than with antacid administration and consistently > 5.0. If low intragastric pH represents susceptibility to acute mucosal lesions, cimetidine therapy was more effective than antacids in the doses and frequency of administration used in this study in maintaining a high intragastric pH, and it may be effective in preventing stress ulcer formation. (<i>Arch Surg</i>114:511-514, 1979)
Nucleotide sequence of the type C3 staphylococcal enterotoxin gene suggests that intergenic recombination causes antigenic variation (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin type C3 (entC3) was determined. This gene contains 798-base-pair open reading frame that encodes a protein of 266 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis suggests that staphylococcal enterotoxin type C3 is synthesized in a precursor form that is processed to yield a mature extracellular form of 238 amino acid residues (molecular weight, 27,438). The entC3 gene is closely related to the gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin type C1, with 98% nucleotide sequence identity. Sequence comparisons between the entC3, entC1, and entB genes suggest that an ancestral entC1-like gene was formed by recombination between the entC3 and entB genes.
ePortfolios in Arts Learning and Assessment (2006)

Digital media and information systems present the opportunity to capture, store and manage multiple forms of evidence (visual/aural/kinaesthetic) about artistic product and processes that are compatible with the more personal, qualitative meanings with which artistic practice is concerned. This suggests new possibilities for better assessment of learning that combines evidence of learning in these modes, with existing textual and numerical measures. EPortfolio's that provide digital means of capture, storage and reviewing of assessment data are being tested in many locations throughout the world (see for example the eportfolio consortium: http://eportconsortium.org/DesktopDefault.aspx). While the interest in the use of this technology for assessment is growing in proportion to the availability of software and hardware and enthusiasm of the users there is an urgent need to examine the implications at a theoretical level alongside technical and practical use.