gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-throughput hybrid optical maskless lithography: all-optical 32-nm node imaging (2005)

We analyze the performance and process latitudes of a high-throughput, all-optical lithography method that addresses the requirements of the 32-nm node. This hybrid scheme involves a double exposure and only a single photomask. The first exposure forms dense gratings using maskless immersion interference lithography. These regular grating patterns are then trimmed in a second exposure with conventional projection lithography. While the highest resolution features are formed with interference imaging, the trimming operation requires significantly lower resolution. We have performed lithography simulations examining a number of representative 32-nm node patterns; both one-dimensional and two-dimensional. The results indicate that 32-nm node lithography requirements can be met using a hybrid optical maskless (HOMA) approach. Trim photomasks can be two to three generations behind the fine features, while the trim projection tools can be one to two generations behind the fine features. This hybrid optical maskless method has many of the benefits of maskless lithography without the severe throughput challenge of currently proposed maskless technologies.
Hysteresis and eddy currents compensation in current transformers (2001)

In the paper a digital technique for improving the accuracy of instrument current transformers is presented. Since the exciting current can be considered as the main error source, its evaluation can allow the compensation of its detrimental effects to be obtained. The exciting current required by the transformer in every kind of steady state operation can be determined by simply acquiring the secondary current, provided that the examined CT has been preliminarily identified. A simple scalar model for the CTs magnetic core, taking into account saturation as well as hysteresis and eddy currents phenomena, has been implemented in a software compensation routine. This allows us to improve the accuracy in the reproduction of the primary current, in the case of both sinusoidal and distorted current waveforms (provided that DC components are not present). Many experimental tests, under different practical situations, have been performed. The results clearly show that the proposed technique is able to significantly reduce, in comparison with traditional methods, the errors introduced by current transformers.
Human Cumulus Cells Molecular Signature in Relation to Oocyte Nuclear Maturity Stage (2011)

The bi-directional communication between the oocyte and the surrounding cumulus cells (CCs) is crucial for the acquisition of oocyte competence. We investigated the transcriptomic profile of human CCs isolated from mature and immature oocytes under stimulated cycle. We used human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays to perform an extensive analysis of the genes expressed in human CCs obtained from patients undergoing intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. CC samples were isolated from oocyte at germinal vesicle, stage metaphase I and stage metaphase II. For microarray analysis, we used eight chips for each CC category. Significance analysis of microarray multiclass was used to analyze the microarray data. Validation was performed by RT-qPCR using an independent cohort of CC samples. We identified differentially over-expressed genes between the three CC categories. This study revealed a specific signature of gene expression in CCs issued from MII oocyte compared with germinal vesicle and metaphase I. The CC gene expression profile, which is specific of MII mature oocyte, can be useful as predictors of oocyte quality.
The making of a gradient: IcsA (VirG) polarity in <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (2001)

The generation and maintenance of subcellular organization in bacteria is critical for many cell processes and properties, including growth, structural integrity and, in pathogens, virulence. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which the virulence protein IcsA (VirG) is distributed on the bacterial surface to promote efficient transmission of the bacterium Shigella flexneri from one host cell to another. The outer membrane protein IcsA recruits host factors that result in actin filament nucleation and, when concentrated at one bacterial pole, promote unidirectional actin-based motility of the pathogen. We show here that the focused polar gradient of IcsA is generated by its delivery exclusively to one pole followed by lateral diffusion through the outer membrane. The resulting gradient can be modified by altering the composition of the outer membrane either genetically or pharmacologically. The gradient can be reshaped further by the action of the protease IcsP (SopA), whose activity we show to be near uniform on the bacterial surface. Further, we report polar delivery of IcsA in Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, suggesting that the mechanism for polar delivery of some outer membrane proteins is conserved across species and that the virulence function of IcsA capitalizes on a more global mechanism for subcellular organization.
A continuous cold atomic beam interferometer (2015)

We demonstrate an atom interferometer that uses a laser-cooled continuous beam of 87Rb atoms having velocities of 10–20 m/s. With spatially separated Raman beams to coherently manipulate the atomic wave packets, Mach–Zehnder interference fringes are observed at an interference distance of 2L = 19 mm. The apparatus operates within a small enclosed area of 0.07 mm2 at a bandwidth of 190 Hz with a deduced sensitivity of 7.8×10−5 rad/s/Hz for rotations. Using a low-velocity continuous atomic source in an atom interferometer enables high sampling rates and bandwidths without sacrificing sensitivity and compactness, which are important for applications in real dynamic environments.
Mononuclear phagocyte function in head and neck cancer. Chemotactic responsiveness of blood monocytes in correlation between histologic grade of the tumor and infiltration of these cells into the tumor area (1984)

The chemotactic responsiveness of peripheral monocytes and the acid-phosphatase activity of tumor-infiltrating macrophages, as well as the ultrastructural appearance, were studied in 40 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The chemotactic responsiveness was found to be decreased in carcinoma patients, and this value appeared to be positively correlated in individual patients with the number of tumor-infiltrating macrophages, as well as with the histologic grade of the tumor. Patients with poorly differentiated malignancies showed impaired monocyte chemotactic responsiveness and low numbers of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Macrophages present in the parenchyma of the tumor showed a weak and diffuse pattern of acid phosphatase activity. The acid phosphatase activity of stromal macrophages was much stronger and distributed in foci. Electron microscopic examination of the parenchymal macrophages revealed low numbers of lysosomes and the presence of tumor cell debris in the cytoplasm of the cell, without any sign of a surrounding phagosomal membrane. Together with the weak cytochemical reactivity, this probably indicates the poor functional state of the phagocyte when infiltrated in the parenchyma of the tumor. Low molecular weight factors derived from the tumor are known to decrease chemotactic responsiveness of peripheral monocytes. The poor functional state of the macrophages infiltrated within tumor parenchyma might be explained by assuming that a high concentration of such factors in the near vicinity of malignant cells causes toxic effects in macrophages.
Optimizing receiver configurations for resolution of equivalent dipole polarizabilities in situ (2005)

Equivalent dipole polarizabilities are a succinct way to summarize the inductive response of an isolated conductive body at distances greater than the scale of the body. At any time lag or frequency, an equivalent dipole polarizability response is comprised of nine parameters: six specifying an equivalent dipole polarizability matrix (which is symmetric) and three specifying the apparent location of the body center. Smith and Morrison have given equations for calculating uncertainties in equivalent dipole polarizability and position based on analysis of an iterative linearized inversion. Here, the root mean squared uncertainty in polarizability is weighted and summed over a number of control points and minimized using an evolutionary algorithm for a number of instrument designs. Three families of designs are presented: single-transmitter systems for use on a two-dimensional grid of positions with negligible error in relative instrument location, two-transmitter systems for use on a line of positions with negligible error in relative instrument location, and three-transmitter systems for stand alone use. Results for the one- and two-transmitter systems are strongly degraded by errors in instrument position, whereas the three-transmitter systems are insensitive to instrument positioning errors.
Development and Structure/Property Relationship of New Electron Accepting Polymers Based on Thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3-<i>g</i>]thieno[3,2-<i>c</i>]quinoline-4,10-dione for All-Polymer Solar Cells (2015)

Several electron accepting polymers having weak accepting–strong accepting (WA-SA) and strong accepting–strong accepting (SA-SA) monomer alternation were synthesized for studies of structure/property relationship in all-polymer solar cells. Two kinds of cyclic amide monomers, 4,10-bis(2-butyloctyl)-thieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[3,4-g]thieno-[3,2-c]isoquinoline-5,11-dione (TPTI) and 5,11-bis(2-butyloctyl)-thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3-g]thieno[3,2-c]quinoline-4,10-dione (TPTQ), were synthesized as weak accepting monomers (WA). Difluorinated TPTQ (FTPTQ) and well-known perylene diimide (PDI) monomers were synthesized as strong electron accepting monomers (SA). By using 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) as a cosolvent, the morphology of the polymer blended films can be finely tuned to achieve better ordering toward face-on mode and favorable phase separation between electron donor and acceptor, resulting in significant enhancement of short circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). The fluorination in the TPTQ unit reduced the dipole moment of the D–A complex and gave a negative effect on a polymer system. PFP showed worse electron accepting property with lower electron mobility than PQP. It is reasoned that the internal polarization plays an important role in the design of electron accepting polymers. As a result, PQP having TPTQ monomer exhibited the best photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.52% (Voc = 0.71 V, Jsc = 8.57 mA/cm2, FF = 0.58) at a weight ratio of PTB7-Th:PQP = 1:1, under AM 1.5G.
Precipitation of Te and Pb in PbTe Crystals (1962)

Precipitation rates of Te and Pb in supersaturated PbTe crystals have been studied in the temperature range from 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The experimental results are interpreted as evidence that the dislocation and its interacting field may be considered as a simple cylinder sink with an effective capture radius $R$. The activation energy associated with precipitation was found to be 0.88 ev. Thermoelectric power measurements were used to monitor the precipitation process in $p$-type PbTe. Precipitation is shown to be a simple means for controlling the carrier concentration in nonstoichiometric crystals displaying retrograde solubility in their phase diagrams. From Hall data on near intrinsic crystals, the intrinsic carrier concentration and resistivity for PbTe are estimated to be ${n}_{i}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{i}=0.2$ ohm cm.
Cryopreservation of Alkaloid-Producing Cell Cultures of Periwinkle (<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>) (1984)

A procedure for cryogenic storage of alkaloid producing cell lines of periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., has been developed. The procedure differs from established cryopreservation protocols in several aspects. Specifically, 4-day-old suspension subcultures of three cell lines were precultured in nutrient media supplemented with 1 molar sorbitol for 6 to 20 hours. The cells were then incubated in nutrient media with 1 molar sorbitol plus 5% DMSO in an ice bath for 1 hour and, thereafter, were frozen in this solution at a cooling rate of 0.5 degrees C per minute to -40 degrees C prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). After rapid thawing in a 40 degrees C water bath, the regrowth of LN stored cells was achieved by transferring them without washing onto filter paper discs over nutrient media solidified with agar for a period of 4 to 5 hours. The filter paper discs with the cells were then transferred to fresh media of the same composition for regrowth. The viability immediately after thawing as evaluated by the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method was about 60% of controls. Suspension cultures established from LN stored cells retained the capability for alkaloid synthesis and accumulation.
cis-Hydroxylation of a Synthetic Steroid Intermediate with Iodine, Silver Acetate and Wet Acetic Acid (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTcis-Hydroxylation of a Synthetic Steroid Intermediate with Iodine, Silver Acetate and Wet Acetic AcidR. B. Woodward and F. V. Brutcher Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1, 209–211Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01534a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01534a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3500Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in the development of the Nested High Voltage Generator (2002)

The Nested High Voltage Generator (NHVG) is a high voltage accelerator/power supply topology which can potentially satisfy a variety of requirements for a compact, reliable inexpensive DC accelerator in the 0.25-10 MeV range. Applications for this technology include the generation of high voltage, high current pulsed electron beams for microwave generation, the sterilization of medical products, the curing of polymers, and the sterilization of medical waste. This technology has recently been demonstrated in an accelerator which has operated at 500 kV with an electron beam in a 36 inch long, 17 inch diameter device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Anti</i>tags: Nanostructured Tools for Developing SERS‐Based ELISA Analogs (2010)

Antitags are reported. These materials bring together two or more metallic nanoparticles by using a dithiolated organic molecule and contain antibodies on the surface to function as antigen-specific recognition elements. The linker position leads to a behavior characteristic of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In conjunction with a surface containing capture antibody, antitags can be used to detect antigens with sensitivities approaching those of the widely used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
DSP chips and total processing load of FFT analysis (1997)

The paper presents a 128 bit DSP chip architecture which allows a triadic instruction set for minimizing code expansion, with 32 bit opcode and 32 bit addresses. In this instruction set the MAC instruction which takes two operands multiplies and accumulates in a destination address, the GOTO instruction which shifts left the contents of the three addresses, the IF-THEN-ELSE instruction which compares two operands and goes to the third address upon satisfaction and the ROUND instruction which converts floating point to integer are emulated and their timings found to be: MAC, 30 microseconds, GOTO, 20 microseconds, lF-THEN-ELSE, 20 microseconds and ROUND, 24 microseconds. The processing load involved in using the chip for real-time FFT is discussed. (5 pages)
Initial evaluation of human monoclonal anti-lipid A antibody (HA-1A) in patients with sepsis syndrome (1990)

HA-1A, a human monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody that binds specifically to the lipid A domain of endotoxin, was administered to septic patients to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of the antibody. Thirty-four patients received a single infusion of either 25 mg, 100 mg, or 250 mg, and were followed clinically for 14 to 21 days after treatment. HA-1A serum levels were measured before infusion and frequently after infusion with a radiometric assay. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model was fit to the measured serum levels, and accurately described the changes in HA-1A level over time in each dose group (r2 = .99). The mean +/- SEM apparent volume of distribution of HA-1A was 48.5 +/- 4.5 ml/kg, and the mean serum clearance was 2.8 +/- 0.4 ml/kg.h. The mean serum half-life of HA-1A was 15.9 +/- 1.5 h. The mean serum level one hour after a 100-mg dose was 33.2 +/- 2.4 micrograms/ml, and the mean concentration 24 h later was 9.1 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml. The dose administered and presence of Gram-negative bacterial infection did not significantly influence the volume of distribution or serum clearance. No adverse reactions to HA-1A were observed, and no antibodies against HA-1A were detected in any patient. These data indicate that the pharmacokinetics of HA-1A are well described by a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and that HA-1A is safe and nonimmunogenic in patients with sepsis.
Sinus Pericranii (1998)

Sinus pericranii is an anomalous extracranial vascular malformation that is in continuity with the intracranial dural venous sinuses. Five case reports, three congenital and two traumatic, are described. Clinical management, including evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment, is discussed. Awareness of this entity by plastic surgeons will allow for earlier diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, resulting in decreased risk of complications.
Synthesis of High‐Molecular‐Weight Tulipalin‐A‐Based Polymers by Simple Mixing and Heating of Comonomers (2011)

Abstract The preparation of a polymer based on Tulipalin A with degradable ester linkages and high glass transition temperature with good processability, and solubility in various organic solvents is reported. The reaction was performed by mixing Tulipalin A and 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) at high temperatures (70 °C and above) in the entire composition range without any initiator. The polymerization mechanism is found to be different from mere thermal initiation at high temperature. It was a combination of ionic and radical mechanism as proved by different methods. Microstructure analysis was done by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The reactions were also tuned for different structures with varied properties by adding either the radical trapping agent or radical generators in the system. magnified image
Improved Elementary Cell GaAs Power FET Structure (1980)

An improved design for the elementary cell of X-band power GaAs FETs is described. It includes: a buffer layer, a graded doping profile, an offset recessed gate structure, a multifinger high density gate structure and via holes. Furthermore, three different types of source interconnections for the interdigitated cell will be compared.
Biomedical research (1985)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Droplet-based microfluidic system for multicellular tumor spheroid formation and anticancer drug testing (2010)

Creating multicellular tumor spheroids is critical for characterizing anticancer treatments since it may provide a better model than monolayer culture of tumor cells. Moreover, continuous dynamic perfusion allows the establishment of long term cell culture and subsequent multicellular spheroid formation. A droplet-based microfluidic system was used to form alginate beads with entrapped breast tumor cells. After gelation, the alginate beads were trapped in microsieve structures for cell culture in a continuous perfusion system. The alginate environment permitted cell proliferation and the formation of multicellular spheroids was observed. The dose-dependent response of the tumor spheroids to doxorubicin, and anticancer drug, showed multicellular resistance compared to conventional monolayer culture. The microsieve structures maintain constant location of each bead in the same position throughout the device seeding process, cell proliferation and spheroid formation, treatment with drug, and imaging, permitting temporal and spatial tracking.
Low delay FIR filter banks: design and evaluation (1994)

The subject of this paper is the design of low and minimum delay, exact reconstruction analysis-synthesis systems based on filter banks. It presents a time domain approach to the problem of designing FIR filter banks with adjustable reconstruction delays. It is shown that using a time domain formulation for the analysis-synthesis systems, the system delay can be considered to be relatively independent of the length of the analysis and synthesis filters. After a summary of the time domain analysis and design framework, the design of low and minimum delay systems is considered in detail. Several design examples are provided in the paper to demonstrate the performance of the design algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>