gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontologies on demand? : A description of the state-of-the-art, applications, challenges and trends for ontology learning from text (2006)

Ontologies are nowadays used for many applications requiring data, services and resources in general to be interoperable and machine understandable. Such applications are for example web service discovery and composition, information integration across databases, intelligent search, etc. The general idea is that data and services are semantically described with respect to ontologies, which are formal specifications of a domain of interest, and can thus be shared and reused in a way such that the shared meaning specified by the ontology remains formally the same across different parties and applications. As the cost of creating ontologies is relatively high, different proposals have emerged for learning ontologies from structured and unstructured resources. In this article we examine the maturity of techniques for ontology learning from textual resources, addressing the question whether the state-of-the-art is mature enough to produce ontologies ‘on demand’.
Syngeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells that are genetically modified to express factor VIII in platelets restores hemostasis to hemophilia A mice with preexisting FVIII immunity (2008)

Although genetic induction of factor VIII (FVIII) expression in platelets can restore hemostasis in hemophilia A mice, this approach has not been studied in the clinical setting of preexisting FVIII inhibitory antibodies to determine whether such antibodies would affect therapeutic engraftment. We generated a line of transgenic mice (2bF8) that express FVIII only in platelets using the platelet-specific alphaIIb promoter and bred this 2bF8 transgene into a FVIII(null) background. Bone marrow (BM) from heterozygous 2bF8 transgenic (2bF8(tg+/-)) mice was transplanted into immunized FVIII(null) mice after lethal or sublethal irradiation. After BM reconstitution, 85% of recipients survived tail clipping when the 1100-cGy (myeloablative) regimen was used, 85.7% of recipients survived when 660-cGy (nonmyeloablative) regimens were used, and 60% of recipients survived when the recipients were conditioned with 440 cGy. Our further studies showed that transplantation with 1% to 5% 2bF8(tg+/-) BM cells still improved hemostasis in hemophilia A mice with inhibitors. These results demonstrate that the presence of FVIII-specific immunity in recipients does not negate engraftment of 2bF8 genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells, and transplantation of these hematopoietic stem cells can efficiently restore hemostasis to hemophilic mice with preexisting inhibitory antibodies under either myeloablative or nonmyeloablative regimens.
Nanostructured self-assembly materials from neat and aqueous solutions of C18 lipid pro-drug analogues of Capecitabine—a chemotherapy agent. Focus on nanoparticulate cubosomes™ of the oleyl analogue (2011)

A series of prodrug analogues based on the established chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil, have been prepared and characterized. C18 alkyl and alkenyl chains with increasing degree of unsaturation were attached to the N4 position of the 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) base via a carbamate bond. Physicochemical characterization of the prodrug analogues was carried out using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, cross-polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. The presence of a monounsaturated oleyl chain was found to promote lyotropic liquid crystalline phase formation in excess water with a fluid lamellar phase observed at room temperature and one or more bicontinuous cubic phases at 37 °C. The bulk phase was successfully dispersed into liposomes or cubosomes at room and physiological temperature respectively. In vitro toxicity of the nanoparticulate 5-FCOle dispersions was evaluated against several normal and cancer cell types over a 48 h period and exhibited an IC50 of ∼100 μM against all cell types. The in vivo efficacy of 5-FCOle cubosomes was assessed against the highly aggressive mouse 4T1 breast cancer model and compared to Capecitabine (a water-soluble commercially available 5-FU prodrug) delivered at the same dosages. After 21 days of treatment, the 0.5 mmol 5-FCOle treatment group exhibited a significantly smaller average tumour volume than all other treatment groups including Capecitabine at similar dosage. These results exemplify the potential of self-assembled amphiphile prodrugs for delivery of bioactives in vivo.
Transdermal delivery of BA058, a novel analog of hPTHrP (1-34), with a short wear time patch in preclinical and clinical studies (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
The Subtype of GluN2 C-terminal Domain Determines the Response to Excitotoxic Insults (2012)

It is currently unclear whether the GluN2 subtype influences NMDA receptor (NMDAR) excitotoxicity. We report that the toxicity of NMDAR-mediated Ca(2+) influx is differentially controlled by the cytoplasmic C-terminal domains of GluN2B (CTD(2B)) and GluN2A (CTD(2A)). Studying the effects of acute expression of GluN2A/2B-based chimeric subunits with reciprocal exchanges of their CTDs revealed that CTD(2B) enhances NMDAR toxicity, compared to CTD(2A). Furthermore, the vulnerability of forebrain neurons in vitro and in vivo to NMDAR-dependent Ca(2+) influx is lowered by replacing the CTD of GluN2B with that of GluN2A by targeted exon exchange in a mouse knockin model. Mechanistically, CTD(2B) exhibits stronger physical/functional coupling to the PSD-95-nNOS pathway, which suppresses protective CREB activation. Dependence of NMDAR excitotoxicity on the GluN2 CTD subtype can be overcome by inducing high levels of NMDAR activity. Thus, the identity (2A versus 2B) of the GluN2 CTD controls the toxicity dose-response to episodes of NMDAR activity.
Intranasal Meperidine Titration for Postoperative Pain Relief (1993)

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study investigating the efficacy of intranasal meperidine as compared with intravenous (i.v.) administration for postoperative pain relief is described. The study was limited to the initial titration of pain relief during a 2-h period immediately after surgery. Sixty women having undergone a hysterectomy were studied. Initially and when complaining of a pain intensity > or = 40 on the 101-point numerical rating scale (NRS), 30 patients received 6 sprays (27 mg) meperidine intranasally and simultaneously 6 mL NaCl 0.9% i.v. (nasal group); another 30 patients received 6 sprays of NaCl 0.9% intranasally and 6 mL of a diluted meperidine solution (27 mg) i.v. (intravenous group). Patients already having a pain reduction < 40 on the 101-point NRS, received half of the above dose. Meperidine was repeated every 5 min until the patients were pain free or refused further analgesic. Before the onset of meperidine titration and at 5- to 10-min intervals for 2 h thereafter, pain was evaluated with a 101-point NRS and a verbal rating scale. Within 20 and 35 min the pain scores evaluated by the NRS and verbal rating scale decreased in the intravenous and nasal group to a median of zero. The total dose of meperidine was 76.5 mg (range, 40.5-135.0) in the intravenous group and 104.4 mg (range, 27-135.0) in the nasal group (P < 0.05). One patient in each group showed a brief decrease in arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation to < 90%. No patient complained of pain or burning in the nose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Targeting<i>Brucella melitensis</i>with polymeric nanoparticles containing streptomycin and doxycycline (2009)

Treatment and eradication of intracellular pathogens such as Brucella is difficult because infections are localized within phagocytic cells and most antibiotics, although highly active in vitro, do not actively pass through cellular membranes. Thus, an optimum strategy to treat these infections should address targeting of active drugs to the intracellular compartment where the bacteria replicate, and should prolong the release of the antibiotics so that the number of doses and associated toxicity can be reduced. We incorporated streptomycin and doxycycline into macromolecular nanoplexes with anionic homo- and block copolymers via cooperative electrostatic interactions among the cationic drugs and anionic polymers. The approach enabled simultaneous binding of both antibiotics into the nanoplexes, and their use resulted in an improvement in performance as compared with the free drugs. Administration of two doses of the nanoplexes significantly reduced the Brucella melitensis load in the spleens and livers of infected BALB/c mice. The nanoplexes were more effective than free drugs in the spleens (0.72-log and 0.51-log reductions, respectively) and in the livers (0.79-log and 0.42-log reductions, respectively) of the infected mice. Further research regarding the design of optimum nanoplex structures will be directed towards alterations in both the core and the shell properties to investigate the effects of the rates and pathways of entry into immune cells where the brucellae replicate.
An efficient, model-based CPU-GPU heterogeneous FFT library (2008)

General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is becoming popular in HPC because of its high peak performance. However, in spite of the potential performance improvements as well as recent promising results in scientific computing applications, its real performance is not necessarily higher than that of the current high-performance CPUs, especially with recent trends towards increasing the number of cores on a single die. This is because the GPU performance can be severely limited by such restrictions as memory size and bandwidth and programming using graphics-specific APIs. To overcome this problem, we propose a model-based, adaptive library for 2D FFT that automatically achieves optimal performance using available heterogeneous CPU-GPU computing resources. To find optimal load distribution ratios between CPUs and GPUs, we construct a performance model that captures the respective contributions of CPU vs. GPU, and predicts the total execution time of 2D-FFT for arbitrary problem sizes and load distribution. The performance model divides the FFT computation into several small sub steps, and predicts the execution time of each step using profiling results. Preliminary evaluation with our prototype shows that the performance model can predict the execution time of problem sizes that are 16 times as large as the profile runs with less than 20% error, and that the predicted optimal load distribution ratios have less than 1% error. We show that the resulting performance improvement using both CPUs and GPUs can be as high as 50% compared to using either a CPU core or a GPU.
Mapping on multi/many-core systems (2013)

The reliance on multi/many-core systems to satisfy the high performance requirement of complex embedded software applications is increasing. This necessitates the need to realize efficient mapping methodologies for such complex computing platforms. This paper provides an extensive survey and categorization of state-of-the-art mapping methodologies and highlights the emerging trends for multi/many-core systems. The methodologies aim at optimizing system's resource usage, performance, power consumption, temperature distribution and reliability for varying application models. The methodologies perform design-time and run-time optimization for static and dynamic workload scenarios, respectively. These optimizations are necessary to fulfill the end-user demands. Comparison of the methodologies based on their optimization aim has been provided. The trend followed by the methodologies and open research challenges have also been discussed.
Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through COX-2-independent pathway (2006)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme of arachidonic acid metabolism and exists as two distinct isoforms. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues, whereas COX-2 is inducibly expressed at the site of inflammation. Selective inhibitors of COX-2 have been developed and have been used as anti-inflammatory agents. Here, we show that a new-generation COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, inhibited experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Celecoxib, but not other COX-2 inhibitors such as nimesulid, prevented myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced EAE when administrated orally on the day of disease induction. Moreover, celecoxib inhibited EAE in COX-2-deficient mice, indicating that celecoxib inhibited EAE in a COX-2-independent manner. In celecoxib-treated mice, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production from MOG-specific T cells was reduced and MOG-specific IgG1 was elevated compared with vehicle-treated mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system and the expression of adhesion molecules, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and a chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1), were inhibited when mice were treated with celecoxib. These results suggest that celecoxib may be useful as a new additional therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.
Enantioselective Diels-Alder Reaction with an α-Chloronitrose Dienophile Derived from 5-O-Acetyl-2,3-isopropylidenedioxy-d-ribose (2000)

Crystalline 5-O-acetyl-2,3-isopropylidenedioxy-d-ribonolactone oxime (8) was synthesised from d-ribose in 40% overall yield. The chloronitroso dienophile 3b was obtained from 8 by oxidation with t-BuOCl and underwent asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction with cyclic and acyclic dienes 10-13 to give crystalline adducts 14a-17a in good yield and excellent enantiomeric excess (93-99%).
Eyelid Edema (2007)

Facial aesthetic surgeons are sometimes challenged by the predicament of diagnosing and managing patients with chronic eyelid edema. Herein we provide a brief review of some of the more common causes of pre- and postoperative eyelid edema, many of which have important systemic implications, and offer management suggestions.
Agonist-promoted Ubiquitination of the G Protein-coupled Receptor CXCR4 Mediates Lysosomal Sorting (2001)

Ligand-induced trafficking plays an important role in the physiologic regulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although numerous GPCRs are sorted to a degradative pathway upon prolonged stimulation, the molecular events leading to degradation are poorly understood. Here we report that the human immunodeficiency virus co-receptor CXCR4 undergoes rapid agonist-promoted degradation by a process involving endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits and subsequent sorting to lysosomes. Studies analyzing the sorting of various CXCR4 mutants revealed the presence of a degradation motif (SSLKILSKGK) in the carboxyl terminus of CXCR4. The first two serines as well as the dileucine motif were critical for agonist-induced endocytosis, whereas all three serines but not the dileucine were important in mediating degradation. Mutation of the three lysine residues had no effect on CXCR4 endocytosis yet completely inhibited receptor degradation. Because lysine residues represent potential sites of ubiquitination, we also examined the ubiquitination of CXCR4. Interestingly, CXCR4 was shown to undergo rapid agonist-promoted ubiquitination that was attenuated by mutation of the lysine residues within the degradation motif. These studies implicate a specific role for ubiquitination in sorting endocytosed GPCRs to lysosomes.
Recovery Unlimited (1959)

Journal Article Recovery Unlimited Get access Austin Smith, M.D. Austin Smith, M.D. President Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Association, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 16, Issue 11, 1 November 1959, Pages 577–580, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/16.11.577 Published: 01 November 1959
Organic chemistry of low-valent titanium (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTOrganic chemistry of low-valent titaniumJohn E. McMurryCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1974, 7, 9, 281–286Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50081a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50081a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1629Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-sensory inputs to angular path integration (2010)

Non-sensory (cognitive) inputs can play a powerful role in monitoring one's self-motion. Previously, we showed that access to spatial memory dramatically increases response precision in an angular self-motion updating task [1]. Here, we examined whether spatial memory also enhances a particular type of self-motion updating - angular path integration. "Angular path integration" refers to the ability to maintain an estimate of self-location after a rotational displacement by integrating internally-generated (idiothetic) self-motion signals over time. It was hypothesized that remembered spatial frameworks derived from vision and spatial language should facilitate angular path integration by decreasing the uncertainty of self-location estimates. To test this we implemented a whole-body rotation paradigm with passive, non-visual body rotations (ranging 40 degrees -140 degrees ) administered about the yaw axis. Prior to the rotations, visual previews (Experiment 1) and verbal descriptions (Experiment 2) of the surrounding environment were given to participants. Perceived angular displacement was assessed by open-loop pointing to the origin (0 degrees ). We found that within-subject response precision significantly increased when participants were provided a spatial context prior to whole-body rotations. The present study goes beyond our previous findings by first establishing that memory of the environment enhances the processing of idiothetic self-motion signals. Moreover, we show that knowledge of one's immediate environment, whether gained from direct visual perception or from indirect experience (i.e., spatial language), facilitates the integration of incoming self-motion signals.
State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications (2011)

This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices.
Strain‐induced crystallization II. Subsequent fibrillar‐to‐lamellar transformation (1976)

Abstract Part II discusses numerous examples of a morphological fibrillar‐to‐lamellar transformation that has reportedly been observed in stretched polymers upon additional thermal treatment (or TIC), Stretched polymers containing initially a typical fibrillar morphology for either crystallites in cold‐drawn polymers, crystallites induced by stretching, or simply non‐crystalline fibrils can yield a more or less lamellar morphology after the thermally‐induced transformation. There is no evidence of extended‐chain crystals present in either the original fibrils or the transformed lamellae; however, the extent of the transformation is strongly dictated by the annealing conditions and the stretch ratios, and therefore the local strains on tie molecules between the crystallites. Of particular interest is the observation of lamellar formation in conjunction with decreasing stress (or increasing length) during TIG under strain. This is in conflict with the generally expected stress increase if chain folding is presumed to occur during formation of lamellae, Consequently, it leads to the conclusion that lamellae form from prefolded structures during TIC. In the light of this surprising conclusion, available evidence on the presence of structure or non‐Gaussian chain segments in the amorphous state is also cited. Included are the most recent neutron scattering results from concentrated solutions of polystyrene.
The myth of the National Credit Act : mining law (2015)

There has been a recent spate of articles in the media regarding the seemingly pervasive issue of mine workers falling victim to loan sharks (also known as 'mashonisas' or 'stokvels'). In the wake of this, we might ponder whether our credit laws have been adequately institutionalised, not only from an enforcement perspective but from the broader perspectives of awareness, education, debt prevention, accountability and social responsibility.