gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro active catheter system with multi degrees of freedom (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new prototype model of serial-parallel type of active micro catheter (MAC) with two bending degrees of freedom. It is 4 Fr, 5 Fr and 6 Fr (1 Fr=1/3 mm) in diameter and consist of 3 active units incorporating SMA wires in lumina as the servo actuator. The bending motion, bending direction and bending angle of the MAC have been measured by application of electricity in air and in physiological saline solution. We also modeled this MAC. Experimental results show that the model of the MAC is reasonable for practical applications. By using simulators (conditions similar to a body cavity), we carried out the simulation experiments of "in vitro" and "in vivo". The experimental results indicate that the proposed MAC is applicable to intracavity operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indicators for injury surveillance (2000)

Accident and emergency department data should not be used as an injury surveillance indicator. While hospital inpatient data suffer from similar problems, an indicator based on a subset of the cases would meet the criteria for a good indicator. (non-author abstract)
Picosecond pulses (2 ps) from hybrid mode-locked AlGaAs QW lasers with integrated active waveguide cavities (1991)

Single ultrashort optical pulses (2 ps with 17.6 GHz repetition rate) have been generated with hybrid mode-locked monolithic GaAs/AlGaAs lasers at λ = 856 nm. Instead of an external cavity, long active waveguides were used as resonators with a roundtrip frequency of 5.9 GHz. Increasing the pump current in the waveguide far above transparency led to 10 ps pulses with a high peak power of 110 mW.
Robust optical flow estimation based on a sparse motion trajectory set (2003)

This paper presents an approach to the problem of estimating a dense optical flow field. The approach is based on a multiframe, irregularly spaced motion trajectory set, where each trajectory describes the motion of a given point as a function of time. From this motion trajectory set a dense flow field is estimated using a process of interpolation. A set of localized motion models are estimated, with each pixel labeled as belonging to one of the motion models. A Markov random field framework is adopted, allowing the incorporation of contextual constraints to encourage region-like structures. The approach is compared with a number of conventional optical flow estimation algorithms taken over a number of real and synthetic sequences. Results indicate that the method produces more accurate results for sequences with known ground truth flow. Also, applying the method to real sequences with unknown flow results in lower DFD, for all of the sequences tested.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase CD148-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Receptor Signal Transduction Is Associated with Reduced LAT and Phospholipase Cγ1 Phosphorylation (2001)

In this study, we investigate the role of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 in T-cell activation. Overexpression of CD148 in the Jurkat T-cell line inhibited activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation but not following stimulation through a heterologously expressed G protein-coupled receptor, the human muscarinic receptor subtype 1. Using a tetracycline-inducible expression system, we show that the TCR-mediated activation of both the Ras and calcium pathways was inhibited by expression of CD148 at levels that approximate those found in activated primary T cells. These effects were dependent on the phosphatase activity of CD148. Analysis of TCR-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation demonstrated that most phosphoproteins were unaffected by CD148 expression. However, phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1) and LAT were strikingly hypophosphorylated in CD148-expressing cells following TCR stimulation, whereas the phosphorylation levels of Slp-76 and Itk were modestly reduced. Based on these results, we propose that CD148 negatively regulates TCR signaling by interfering with the phosphorylation and function of PLCgamma1 and LAT.
Ensemble Models for Spoofing Detection in Automatic Speaker Verification (2019)

Detecting spoofing attempts of automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems is challenging, especially when using only one modeling approach. For robustness, we use both deep neural networks and traditional machine learning models and combine them as ensemble models through logistic regression. They are trained to detect logical access (LA) and physical access (PA) attacks on the dataset released as part of the ASV Spoofing and Countermeasures Challenge 2019. We propose dataset partitions that ensure different attack types are present during training and validation to improve system robustness. Our ensemble model outperforms all our single models and the baselines from the challenge for both attack types. We investigate why some models on the PA dataset strongly outperform others and find that spoofed recordings in the dataset tend to have longer silences at the end than genuine ones. By removing them, the PA task becomes much more challenging, with the tandem detection cost function (t-DCF) of our best single model rising from 0.1672 to 0.5018 and equal error rate (EER) increasing from 5.98% to 19.8% on the development set.
Statistics of collective human behaviors observed in blog entries (2009)

Collective human behaviors are analyzed using the time series of word appearances in blogs. As expected, we confirm that the number of fluctuations is approximated by a Poisson distribution for very-low-frequency words. A non-trivial scaling roperty is confirmed for more-frequent words. We propose a simple model that shows that the fluctuations in the number of contributors is playing the central role in this non-Poissonian behavior.
SUPER-GRIP: an expert system for grasping boxes (2003)

An expert system is developed which determines the best grasp configuration to pick up a rectangular box. This two-level system first chooses, from a predetermined set of grasps, the ones best suited for the task using a set of rules, and then computes a quality index for each possible configuration. The program is written in LISP and was tested for many different objects and situations. The grasps found are not necessarily optimal but are efficient since they are similar to the grasps a human would choose in the same situation. Because the program gives fast results and doesn't perform tedious computations, the best grip found can easily be used as a suboptimal solution or as a starting point for an optimizing program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy modeling of supercomputers and large-scale scientific applications (2013)

We derive models of time, power, and energy as a function of frequency and demonstrate that these models accurately reflect measurements of large, parallel, scientific applications. We then apply these models to explain how sensitive the various applications are to CPU frequency; to analyze the compute-boundedness (frequency sensitivity) of complete, production workloads running on three of the world's fastest supercomputers; to predict how changes in system power properties will impact applications; and to determine what CPU frequencies offer the best energy, EDP, and ED <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> P savings.
Deoxythymidine kinase in the staging of prostatic adenocarcinoma (1996)

The role of prostate-specific antigen in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma is still not fully ascertained. Its place in the monitoring of patients who have undergone radical treatment is without question but its role in the primary assessment of a lesion is a point of continuous discussion. This study reports the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 92 patients with different stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma prior to treatment; in the case of the localized lesions, this was based to a great extent on the findings at lymphadenectomy. Apart from PSA analysis, deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) analyses were also performed in an attempt to discover whether the latter could provide additional information about the tumor load in the different patient categories, viz. those with lymph node involvement (group 1), those with lymph node involvement but without distant metastases (group 2), and those with disseminated disease (group 3). The median PSA and dTK values in groups 1-3 were 6.5 micrograms/L and 2.7 U/microliter, 16 micrograms/L and 2.6 U/microL, and 90 micrograms/L and 7.8 U/microL, respectively. If the two analyses were used concomitantly, they could differentiate true localized disease from metastatic in approximately 92% of cases. The combination should prove of value in the primary assessment of a patient with a newly diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Lipoprotein Lipase Mediates the Uptake of Glycated LDL in Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Macrophages (2001)

The nonenzymatic glycation of LDL is a naturally occurring chemical modification of apolipoprotein (apo)-B lysine residues by glucose. Once glycated, LDL is only poorly recognized by lipoprotein receptors including the LDL receptor (LDL-R), the LDL-R-related protein (LRP), and scavenger receptors. Glycated LDL (gLDL) is a preferred target for oxidative modifications. Additionally, its presence initiates different processes that can be considered "proatherogenic." Thus, LDL glycation might contribute to the increased atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes and familial hypercholesterolemia. Here we investigate whether lipoprotein lipase (LPL) can mediate the cellular uptake of gLDL. The addition of exogenous LPL to the culture medium of human skin fibroblasts, porcine aortic endothelial cells, and mouse peritoneal macrophages enhanced the binding, uptake, and degradation of gLDL markedly, and the relative effect of LPL on lipoprotein uptake increased with the degree of apoB glycation. The efficient uptake of gLDL by LDL-R-deficient fibroblasts and LRP-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence of LPL suggested a mechanism that was independent of the LDL-R and LRP. In macrophages, the uptake of gLDL was also correlated with their ability to produce LPL endogenously. Mouse peritoneal macrophages from genetically modified mice, which lacked LPL, exhibited a 75% reduction of gLDL uptake compared with normal macrophages. The LPL-mediated effect required the association of the enzyme with cell surface glycosaminoglycans but was independent of its enzymatic activity. The uptake of gLDL in different cell types by an LPL-mediated process might have important implications for the cellular response after gLDL exposure as well as the removal of gLDL from the circulation.
Molecular characterization of meiotic recombination across the 140-kb multigenic <i>a1</i> - <i>sh2</i> interval of maize (2002)

The 140-kb a1-sh2 interval of the maize genome contains at least four genes ( a1 , yz1 , x1 , and sh2 ). Partial sequence analysis of two haplotypes has revealed many single nucleotide polymorphisms and InDel polymorphisms, including several large structural polymorphisms. The physical positions of 101 meiotic recombination breakpoints are not distributed uniformly across the interval and are instead concentrated within three recombination hot spots. Two of these recombination hot spots are genic ( a1 and yz1 ) and one is apparently nongenic. The x1 gene is not a recombination hot spot. Thus, these results suggest that not all hot spots are genes and indicate that not all genes are hot spots. Two of the 101 recombination events arose by means of either noncrossover events involving conversion tract lengths of at least 17 kb or double-crossover events. Only one recombination breakpoint mapped to the ≈80-kb distal portion of the a1-sh2 interval that contains large amounts of repetitive DNA including retrotransposons; in this region the ratio of genetic to physical distance is less than 0.5% of the genome's average. These results establish that the retrotransposon faction of the maize genome is relatively inert recombinationally.
Social and Heuristic Approaches to Credibility Evaluation Online (2010)

Journal Article Social and Heuristic Approaches to Credibility Evaluation Online Get access Miriam J. Metzger, Miriam J. Metzger 1Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew J. Flanagin, Andrew J. Flanagin 1Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryan B. Medders Ryan B. Medders 1Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 60, Issue 3, September 2010, Pages 413–439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01488.x Published: 19 August 2010
Characterizing and Predicting Spatial Nonuniformity in the Deep Reactive Ion Etching of Silicon (2006)

We present a way of predicting spatial nonuniformity in deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). In addition to well-known feature size or aspect-ratio-dependent etch (ARDE) nonuniformity, etch rate can vary between regions of the wafer, such that supposedly identical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabricated on that wafer may vary in performance or fail in use. Wafer- and die-scale uniformity may be improved by changing conditions in the etching chamber, but this usually compromises etching speed and may accentuate ARDE. An alternative approach is to lay out the patterns being etched so that they compete for reactants in a controlled way. We demonstrate a way of precharacterizing any DRIE tool plus associated recipes of operating parameters. Several test wafers are etched and measured, and simple data-fitting algorithms are run. The model constructed captures etch nonuniformity occurring over the diameter of a wafer plus variations caused by the localization of patterns within the wafer. Our technique models etch rate variation across experimental wafers with fitting errors of between 0.8 and 4.5% root-mean-square per wafer. Our model can then predict etch rate on a 1 mm lateral grid for any etched pattern. We envisage this method being integrated into computer-aided MEMS design systems.
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Telecommunications, Wireless Systems, and Mobile Computing (2014)

We all take the ubiquity of the Internet for granted: anyone, anywhere, anytime, any device, any connection, any app…but for how long? Is the future of the Internet really at stake? Discussions about control of the Internet, its architecture and of the applications running on it started more than a decade ago (Blumenthal and Clark, 2001). This topic is becoming more and more important for citizens, businesses and governments, across the world. In its original set-up, the architecture of the Internet did not favor one application over another and was based on the net neutrality principle (Wu, 2003). However, architectures should be understood an “alternative way of influencing economic systems” (Van Schewick 2010), but they should not be a substitute for politics (Agre, 2003). The architecture is laid down in standards and therefore discussions about the future of the Internet should also address the role of standards. This is what this paper aims to do.
Control of Fatty Acid Metabolism I. Induction of the Enzymes of Fatty Acid Oxidation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1969)

Escherichia coli grows on long-chain fatty acids after a distinct lag phase. Cells, preadapted to palmitate, grow immediately on fatty acids, indicating that fatty acid oxidation in this bacterium is an inducible system. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that cells grown on palmitate oxidize fatty acids at rates 7 times faster than cells grown on amino acids and 60 times faster than cells grown on a combined medium of glucose and amino acids. The inhibitory effect of glucose may be explained in terms of catabolite repression. The activities of the five key enzymes of beta-oxidation [palmityl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydrase, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase] all vary coordinately over a wide range of activity, indicating that they are all under unit control. The ability of a fatty acid to induce the enzymes of beta-oxidation and support-growth is a function of its chain length. Fatty acids of carbon chain lengths of C(14) and longer induce the enzymes of fatty acid oxidation and readily support growth, whereas decanoate and laurate do not induce the enzymes of fatty acid oxidation and only support limited growth of palmitate-induced cells. Two mutants, D-1 and D-3, which grow on decanoate and laurate were isolated and were found to contain constitutive levels of the beta-oxidation enzymes. Short-chain fatty acids (<C(8)) do not support growth of either the parent strain or the mutants D-1 and D-3. Evidence is also presented to show that decanoate is actively transported by the parent strain and by the mutants.
Polynomial representations of split-phase constants of gyromagnetic waveguides with electric and magnetic walls (1997)

Two classic circular waveguides met in the design of nonreciprocal Faraday rotation devices and waveguide junction circulators are the gyromagnetic ones with electric and magnetic walls. The purpose of this letter is to present some polynomial representations of the split-phase constants in the gyrotropy of each problem region and to compare the opening between the split branches for the two situations. A polynomial representation of the cutoff space of the lower split branch of the magnetic wall problem region is separately computed.
A structural fingertip model for simulating of the biomechanics of tactile sensation (2003)

Tactile performance of human fingertips is associated with activity of the nerve endings and sensitivity of the soft tissue within the fingertip to the static and dynamic skin indentation. The nerve endings in the fingertips sense the stress/strain states developed within the soft tissue, which are affected by the material properties of the tissues. The vibrotactile sensation and tactile performance are thus believed to be strongly influenced by the nonlinear and time-dependent properties of the soft tissues. The purpose of the present research is to simulate the biomechanics of tactile sensation. A two-dimensional model, which incorporates the essential anatomical structures of a finger (i.e. skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail), has been used for the analysis. The skin tissue is assumed to be hyperelastic and viscoelastic. The subcutaneous tissue is considered to be a nonlinear, biphasic material composed of a hyperelastic solid and an inviscid fluid phase. The nail and bone are considered to be linearly elastic. The advantages of the proposed fingertip model over the previous "waterbed" and "continuum" fingertip models include its ability to predict the deflection profile of the fingertip surface, the stress and strain distributions within the soft tissue, and most importantly, the dynamic response of the fingertip to mechanical stimuli. The proposed model is applied to simulate the mechanical responses of a fingertip under a line load, and in one-point (1PT) and two-point (2PT) tactile discrimination tests. The model's predictions of the deflection profiles of a fingertip surface under a line load agree well with the reported experimental data. Assuming that the mechanoreceptors in the dermis sense the stimuli associated with normal strains (the vertical and horizontal strains) and strain energy density, our numerical results suggest that the threshold of 2PT discrimination may lie between 2.0 and 3.0 mm, which is consistent with the published experimental data. The present study represents an effort to develop a structural model of the fingertip that incorporates its anatomical structure, and the nonlinear and time-dependent properties of the soft tissues.
The Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis and Progress Towards Gene Therapy (1999)

Advances in conventional therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) have led to a greatly improved mean survival of 30 years The cloning of the CF gene which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein has led to the development of novel treatment strategies including gene therapy The link between the defective gene product and the clinical pathogenesis of the disease remains unresolved.
Autonomous Local Vertical Determination for Guided Artillery Shells (1996)

Accurate local vertical (roll angle) estimates are required
for guided artillery shells in order to correctly implement
guidance commands. Although GPS and IMU data will
typically be merged in the navigation filter to estimate
local vertical as well as position and velocity, it is
desirable to estimate local vertical in the absence of GPS
data since this data will not be available at the start of
flight and could drop out or be corrupted during flight.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of
local vertical estimators which use only inertia1 sensors.
More specifically, we consider local vertical estimation
using gravity turn rate (flight path angle rate induced by
gravity) information obtained using only on-board
strapdown micromechanical gyros. A four state Kalman
filter has been developed and tested using a Monte Carlo
simulation and a typical micromechanical gyro error
budget. The choice of four states depends strongly on the
assumption that the spin rate of the navigation base will
by relatively low (a few Hz) throughout the flight. At
extremely low or extremely high spin rates, other filters
would be required and performance may be quite different.
Results were simulated for an Extended Range Guided
Munition (ERGM) she11 over a planar ballistic path with
a range of 6.4 nautical miles and a flight time of 60
seconds. It was found that local vertical can be acquired in
less than ten seconds and can be tracked to within an rms
error of less than ten degrees throughout the flight.
Versions of the filter based on both known and unknown
flight path angle rates were developed and tested. The
results indicate that both versions perform well, but that
the filter using known flight path angle rate tends to
produce smoother error histories. Robustness of the filter
was demonstrated in the presence of realistic disturbances.
Estimation with large roll gyro errors was considered
(biases as high as 0.5 rad/sec). An extended Kalman filter
was used to estimate roll gyro error in a five state filter
and retain good performance.