gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Route Planning For Capacitated Agricultural Machines Based On Ant Colony Algorithms. (2015)

In agricultural capacitated field operations, i.e. operations where material is transported into the field (e.g. seeding, spraying and fertilizing) or out of the field (harvest), a number of routes are needed for a primary unit to cover the entire field due to its capacity constraint. Hence, the operation of a primary unit must be carefully planned to improve the field operation efficiency. In this paper, an approach for the generation of optimal optimized route to be followed by primary units aimed at reducing the travelled nonworking distance is presented. The presented approach consists of two stages. The first stage is about the field geometrical representation where the field is split into parts; the headland area in which the machines can make turns, and field body that is the main cropping area. In geometrical sense, both of them are expressed as a geometrical map using geometrical primitives, such as point, line segment, and polygon. The field body is covered by a set of parallel straight field-work tracks that has two intersections with the field boundary. The second stage is to find the optimal route which is formulated as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). It was solved by implementing the ant colony algorithm combined with the Clarke-Wright savings algorithm. A case study is presented based on two fields; the results show that, by using the optimum routing generated, the non-working distance can be reduced in the range of 47.02% 49.76 %compared with the conventional work pattern.
GK 11: promising additional neuroprotective therapy for organophosphate poisoning. (1997)

Recent experiments with primates have demonstrated that treatment with atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam, even if administered immediately after organophosphate exposure, does not totally prevent neuronal brain damage. Using primates, we have studied, for the first time, the ability of GK-11 (gacyclidine), an antiglutamatergic drug in the process of agreement for human use, given as an additional therapy, to counteract the neuropathology due to organophosphate exposure that persists after classical treatment with oxime/atropine/benzodiazepine. We have also examined the recovery of the organophosphate-intoxicated primates. Male Cynomolgus monkeys were pretreated 1 hour before poisoning with pyridostigmine, then intoxicated with 8 LD50 of soman and immediately treated with the combination pralidoxime/atropine/diazepam. Some of the animals also received GK-11 at 0.01; 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.) 10 minutes after soman challenge. Recovery of the primates (reflexes, movements, feeding) and the neuropathological changes that occurred three weeks after intoxication (histological examinations and neuronal cell density measurement) were compared in GK-11-treated and control animals. At all doses tested, GK-11 prevented the neuronal rarefaction of the frontoparietal cortex that was observed in soman-intoxicated animals that received only oxime/atropine/diazepam. Moreover, the 0.01 mg/kg dose of GK-11 improved the early recovery of intoxicated primates from 1 day after intoxication. In the view of the most effective management of organophosphate intoxication that is currently available, GK-11 thus appears to be a promising additional neuroprotective therapy. This drug is presently being evaluated in a human clinical trial for a different neuroprotective indication.
A minimal parameter adaptive notch filter with constrained poles and zeros (2005)

A new algorithm is presented for adaptive notch filtering and parametric spectral estimation of multiple narrow-band or sine wave signals in an additive broadband process. The algorithm is of recursive prediction error (RPE) form and uses a special constrained model of proper infinite impulse response (IIR) with a minimal number of parameters. The convergent filter is characterized by highly narrow bandwidth and uniform notches of desired shape. For sufficiently large data sets, the algorithm approaches the Cramer-Rao bound in estimating the frequencies of the sine wave signals.
Design and Analysis of a Roller Follower Variable Valve Timing System (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A Variable Valve Timing system has been designed and rig tested for application on a high speed marine diesel engine. It has been demonstrated that inlet valve phasing is an appropriate way of reducing the flow of exhaust gas residuals, particularly at light loads, into the inlet manifold during valve overlap.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The system described controls the position of the roller follower by means of an eccentric to allow the inlet valve events to be retarded by up to 40° crank angle. A kinematic model has been constructed to examine the tappet motion, and comparisons are made with measured values. Modelling of the lubrication regime at the roller, cam and tappet contact points is presented, to examine the system wear characteristics. Roller follower speed is measured to examine the prevailing lubrication regime. Rig results show that the VVT system is reliable and that the desired phasing of the valve events is obtained.</div>
Control of nonlinear time-varying systems (1981)

Consider the time-varying nonlinear system of the form x(t) = f(x,t) + Σi=1 mui(t)gi(x,t), with f, g1,...,gm being l∞ vector fields on Rn+1. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for this system to be transformable to a time-invariant controllable linear system. In order to control the nonlinear system, we map to the linear system, choose a desired control there, and return to the nonlinear system by the inverse of the transformation.
Reversible Kinetic Analysis of Myc Targets <i>In vivo</i> Provides Novel Insights into Myc-Mediated Tumorigenesis (2006)

Deregulated expression of the Myc transcription factor is a frequent causal mutation in human cancer. Thousands of putative Myc target genes have been identified in in vitro studies, indicating that Myc exerts highly pleiotropic effects within cells and tissues. However, the complexity and diversity of Myc gene targets has confounded attempts at identifying which of these genes are the critical targets mediating Myc-driven tumorigenesis in vivo. Acute activation of Myc in a reversibly switchable transgenic model of Myc-mediated beta cell tumorigenesis induces rapid tumor onset, whereas subsequent Myc deactivation triggers equally rapid tumor regression. Thus, sustained Myc activity is required for tumor maintenance. We have used this reversibly switchable kinetic tumor model in combination with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to develop an unbiased strategy for identifying candidate Myc-regulated genes responsible for maintenance of Myc-dependent tumors. Consistent with known Myc functions, some Myc-regulated genes are involved in cell growth, cycle, and proliferation. In addition, however, many Myc-regulated genes are specific to beta cells, indicating that a significant component of Myc action is cell type specific. Finally, we identify a very restricted cadre of genes with expression that is inversely regulated upon Myc activation-induced tumor progression and deactivation-induced tumor regression. By definition, such genes are candidates for tumor maintenance functions. Combining reversibly switchable, transgenic models of tumor formation and regression with genomic profiling offers a novel strategy with which to deconvolute the complexities of oncogenic signaling pathways in vivo.
A sensitive enzyme immunoassay system of rat epidermal growth factor in biological fluids and tissue extracts (1989)

Rat epidermal growth factor was purified from rat submandibular glands to obtain specific antiserum for the establishment of an immunoassay system. Purified rat epidermal growth factor showed a single peak on reverse phase HPLC and a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at mol wt 5100 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and at mol wt 41,000 in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Antibody against rat epidermal growth factor showed cross-reactivities with mouse and human epidermal growth factors on soft agar-double immunodiffusion test. The established sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat epidermal growth factor had a high sensitivity (500 fg/tube), which made it possible to measure minute amounts of endogenous rat epidermal growth factor without pretreatment. Physiological concentrations of rat epidermal growth factor in rat biological fluids and tissues were determined. Species differences in physiological distributions of epidermal growth factor are discussed.
Role of neuropeptide-Y in episodic luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats: an excitatory component and opioid involvement (1993)

We tested the hypothesis that hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is an excitatory signal in the episodic secretion of LH in ovariectomized (ovx) rats and that the suppression of LH secretion that consistently follows intracerebroventricular administration of NPY is due to concurrent release of opioids or CRH, both previously shown to readily inhibit LH release. In the first experiment, ovx rats received continuous intraventricular infusion of either serum containing NPY antibodies (NPY-Ab) or normal rabbit serum (control) at dilutions of 1:5 or 1:1. NPY-Ab infusion at a 1:5 dilution significantly decreased mean plasma LH levels and LH pulse amplitude without affecting LH pulse frequency over a 3-h period of observation. However, infusion of relatively more concentrated NPY-Ab (1:1) markedly decreased not only mean plasma LH levels and LH pulse amplitude, but also the frequency of LH episodes. In the next experiment, we observed that intraventricular administration of NPY (0.2 nmol) suppressed LH release for 60 min. However, blockade of opiate receptors with iv infusion of naloxone (2 mg/h) before and after NPY injection completely counteracted the NPY-induced inhibition of LH release. On the other hand, prior blockade of the CRH receptors with alpha-helical CRH-(9-41) (25 or 100 micrograms/rat) was ineffective in reversing the inhibitory LH response of NPY (0.125 nmol). These results together with our previous demonstration of morphological communication between NPY and beta-endorphin neurons, show that suppression of LH by exogenous NPY in ovx rats may result from concurrent stimulation of opioids, primarily beta-endorphin. However, diminution of all parameters of episodic LH secretion by NPY-Ab affirms the notion that the NPY network is a physiologically important excitatory component of the hypothalamic pulse generator circuitry that regulates episodic LH secretion in rats.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Cyanide ‐ A Reagent for Umpolung. Part 16. Effect of Umpolung Moieties on the Diastereoselectivity of the Nucleophilic Acylation of α‐Chiral Carbonyl Compounds. (1989)

Abstract The title study is carried out using carbonyl compounds such as (II) and (VI) and acyl synthons of type (I) and (V) arising from umpolung of benzaldehyde.
Management of early inflammatory arthritis. (1992)

This text should be of interest to rheumatologists. It explores topics such as the role of bacterial antigens in inflammatory arthritis, genetic factors predicting persistent disease, markers of bone/collagen breakdown and the role of cytokines and their inhibitors in the therapy of arthritis.
Luminescence properties of nanophosphors: metal ion-doped sol-gel silica glasses * (2004)

Photoluminescence of xerogel and sol-gel SiO2 glasses doped with metal ions, metal complexes and semiconductor nanocrystals are investigated at 300 K and 10 K to clarify the optical properties and the electronic structures of nanophosphors. Sol-gel glasses doped with 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal ions exhibit a bright luminescence with various colours due to the 3LMCT transition associated with closed-shell molecular complex centres. Luminescence from rare earth(III) complexes doped in the same matrix serve as a sensitive probe to determine axial and chiral complex structures. Luminescence properties are investigated of doped semiconductors ZnS: Cu, Al dispersed as nanocrystalline green phosphors in xe-rogel with various lifetime components. The sol-gel silica-based phosphors are characterized by unusual valence states of the transition metal ions, stable centres in organic-inorganic hybrid hosts and the 500 ps lifetimes of D-A pairs due to spd hybridization effects in semiconductor nanocrystals. Key words: luminescence; sol-gel glass; nanocrystal; LMCT; phosphor 1.
Isoprenoid modification permits 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase to bind to membranes (1991)

The myelination-related enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), a relatively abundant protein in the CNS possesses the C-terminal isoprenylation consensus domain found in a small family that includes the ras oncoproteins and their relatives, some G-proteins, and nuclear lamins. We found that CNP, like these other proteins, is modified posttranslationally by an isoprenoid derived from mevalonic acid. It appears that only the smaller of the two CNP isoforms (CNP1) is isoprenylated, but similar modification of CNP2 cannot be excluded. Inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis by Lovastatin blocks the binding of newly synthesized CNP to cell membranes; binding is restored upon addition of mevalonate to the culture medium. This shows that isoprenylation is permissive for the well-known avid association of CNP with membranes.
Adiponectin gene expression is inhibited by β‐adrenergic stimulation via protein kinase A in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (2001)

Recently, it has been shown that the fat-derived factor adiponectin is downregulated in insulin resistance and obesity and that replenishment of this adipocytokine reverses insulin resistance in mice. Growing evidence, on the other hand, suggests that raised levels of catecholamines due to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system are an integral part in the development of insulin resistance. To clarify whether catecholamines might exert their insulin resistance-inducing effects at least partly via downregulation of adiponectin gene expression, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with isoproterenol, and adiponectin mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In fact, isoproterenol treatment reduced the level of adiponectin mRNA by about 75% in a dose-dependent fashion with significant inhibition detectable at concentrations as low as 10 nM isoproterenol. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of isoproterenol was almost completely reversed by pretreatment of 3T3-L1 cells with the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Moreover, the effects of isoproterenol could be mimicked by stimulation of stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding (G(S))-proteins with cholera toxin and adenylyl cyclase with forskolin. Thus, our results suggest that adiponectin gene expression is severely suppressed by beta-adrenergic agents via activation of a G(S)-protein-PKA-dependent pathway. The data support a possible role of adiponectin in catecholamine-induced insulin resistance.
Regularized iterative image interpolation and its application to spatially scalable coding (1998)

This paper presents a regularized iterative image interpolation algorithm, which can restore high frequency details in the original high resolution image. In order to apply the regularization approach to the interpolation procedure, we first present a two-dimensional separable image degradation model for a low resolution imaging system. According to the model, we propose a regularization based spatial image sequence interpolation algorithm and apply the proposed algorithm to a spatially scalable coding.
Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance par les fonds sociaux et la décentralisation (2001)

Bad governance undermines development. Two important types of World Bank support for local governance are social funds and broadly based support for governments committed to decentralizing responsibility and power to local governments and other local institutions. But there are concerns that these two approaches, which address different elements of governance, sometimes work at cross-purposes. A study was therefore commissioned to examine the interaction between social funds and decentralization in Bolivia and Honduras (advanced decentralization), Peru and Zimbabwe (some decentralization), and Cambodia, Malawi, and Zambia (little or no decentralization). This Note is based on the findings of the study.
Factors Predicting Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2005)

Over the past few years, two epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), have been developed for the treatment of patients with cancer. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these therapies occasionally demonstrate remarkable and durable activity. However, EGFR TKIs are active in only a small subset of patients. Responders are more often nonsmokers, of East Asian descent, and female, and have tumors with adenocarcinoma histology. In April 2004, two groups reported that a cluster of somatic mutations in the kinase domain of the EGFR are observed in the majority of NSCLCs that demonstrate remarkable responses to EGFR TKIs. These findings have been validated by other investigators and have revolutionized the manner in which clinicians are thinking about their utilization for the treatment of NSCLC. This review focuses on the clinical experience with EGFR TKIs, the present knowledge regarding the biology of EGFR mutations, the limitations of using EGFR mutational status to predict who will respond to EGFR TKIs, and the implications of this information on the use of these agents for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
A single high-affinity binding site for von Willebrand factor in collagen III, identified using synthetic triple-helical peptides (2006)

The essential event in platelet adhesion to the injured blood vessel wall is the binding to subendothelial collagen of plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that interacts transiently with platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha (GPIbalpha), slowing circulating platelets to facilitate firm adhesion through collagen receptors, including integrin alpha2beta1 and GpVI. To locate the site in collagen that binds VWF, we synthesized 57 overlapping triple-helical peptides comprising the whole triple-helical domain of collagen III. Peptide no. 23 alone bound VWF, with similar affinity to that of native collagen III. Immobilized peptide no. 23 supported platelet adhesion under static and flow conditions, processes blocked by an antibody that prevents collagen from binding the VWF A3 domain. Truncated and alanine-substituted peptides derived from no. 23 either strongly interacted with both VWF and platelets or lacked both VWF and platelet binding. Thus, we identified the sequence RGQOGVMGF (O is hydroxyproline) as the minimal VWF-binding sequence in collagen III.
Immunopositivity for Histone MacroH2A1 Isoforms Marks Steatosis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2013)

These data obtained in mice and humans suggest that both macroH2A1 isoforms may play a role in HCC pathogenesis and moreover may be considered as novel diagnostic markers for human HCC.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Catalysts: New Trends (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Circuit Design for mm-Wave IMPATT Oscillators (1970)

It is often required that a microwave source be of high power and fixed frequency and at the same time give low noise and be highly stable. Conventional coaxial circuits are somewhat impractical at millimetre wavelengths. The "hat" has been used with some success but its tuning characteristics are not readily understood, and so it is difficult to design for specific applications. A new coax-waveguide configuration has evolved which, it is believed, satisfies these requirements rather well in the 3-7 mm band, and it has accordingly been adopted for the power source of a path-length modulation transmitter. Results obtained have shown powers of 200 mw at 5% efficiency, temperature sensitivity as low as 300 kHz/ /spl deg/C, and external Q factor around 200.
Random key pre-distribution with transitory master key for wireless sensor networks (2009)

Many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) employ security schemes based on the symmetric encryption, which requires the establishment and management of cryptographic keys. This paper presents a new key management scheme based on Random Key Pre-Distribution. The novelty of the proposed approach is the introduction of a keyed transformation with a Transitory Master Key, which is exploited by the nodes in order to increase the number of different keys employed in the network. The presence of a larger pool of keys provides more robustness and connectivity than previously proposed Random Key Distribution schemes. Furthermore, random pre-distribution allows recovering secure communication also when the master key has been compromised.
Relation between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Granulocyte Elastase-α1-Proteinase Inhibitor Complexes in the Plasma of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (1989)

Patients with cystic fibrosis suffer from a chronic, progressively destructive bronchitis characterized by colonization of the airways by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell wall lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa may stimulate secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by monocytes/macrophages. We found elevated levels of TNF alpha (150 +/- 60 pg/ml), interleukin-1 alpha (144 +/- 205 pg/ml), and interleukin-1 beta (62 +/- 100 pg/ml) in plasma from 25 patients with cystic fibrosis. In patients with less advanced disease, elevated plasma levels of TNF alpha correlated with high levels of complexes between neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, suggesting that TNF alpha may be a mediator of neutrophil degranulation. TNF alpha, by its chemotactic effect on neutrophils, may also contribute to the massive influx of neutrophils into and around the bronchial tree. Our findings raise the questions whether in patients with cystic fibrosis TNF alpha acts as cachectin and whether it mediates the anorexia that often results in weight loss.
Kirkpatrick–Baez and Wolter X-Ray Focusing Optics (Review) (2019)

The principle of operation, the distinctive features and the possibilities of using Kirkpatrick–Baez and Wolter focusing X-ray optics are considered. Various optical schemes of Kirkpatrick–Baez optics (classical, confocal, and advanced) and various line ups of Wolter mirrors (“nested”, conical, and porous) are described. The possibilities and methods for eliminating optical aberrations are considered. Special attention is paid to the use of focusing optics in full-field X-ray microscopes and X-ray telescopes.
Effects of dignity therapy on self-esteem status and negative emotions of lung cancer patients (2015)

Objective
To explore the effects of dignity therapy on self-esteem status and negative emotions of lung cancer patients.


Methods
A total of 62 lung cancer patients were recruited and divided into experimental and control groups (n=31 each). The control group received routine care while the experimental group additional individualized dignity therapy. And the state self-esteem scale, self-rating anxiety and self-rating depression were used to evaluate the intervention outcomes.


Results
For both groups, the self-esteem status and negative emotions of the intervention group were significantly better than that those of the control group (self-esteem: 61.2±4.6 vs. 52.6±4.1, anxiety: 52.2±6.8 vs. 64.6±9.3, depression: 51.1±7.9 vs. 66.2±8.7, all P<0.05).


Conclusion
Dignity therapy can improve self-esteem status, decrease the levels of anxiety and depression level and boost quality of life for lung cancer patients.


Key words: 
Lung neoplasms; Emotion; Dignity therapy