gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of dense Ba2YCu3O7−δ superconductor wire by molten oxide processing (1987)

Fabrication of high Tc ceramic superconductors by an oxide melting method in place of a conventional sintering method has been attempted. Using three different processes, i.e., melt drawing, melt spinning, or preform-wire melting, it is demonstrated that the Ba2YCu3O7−δ type superconductors can successfully be fabricated into a desired geometry such as wire and ribbon. Tc’s for R=0 were about 92 K. The density of the melt-processed compound was measured to be as high as 6.2 g/cm3, or ∼98% of the theoretical density 6.3 g/cm3 as compared to the value of 80–85% density for sintered samples. The increased density is likely to be responsible for the noted improvements in fracture resistance and in the Jc value of the melt-processed compound.
Voluntary feed intake. (1993)

A single 100-µg IV carbetocin is more effective than IV oxytocin infusion for maintaining adequate uterine tone and preventing postpartum bleeding in obese nulliparous women undergoing emergency cesarean delivery, both has similar safety profile and minor hemodynamic effect.
An almost communication-less approach to task allocation for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2008)

In this paper, we present a scalable, decentralized task allocation algorithm for a group of unknown number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are equipped with GPS receivers, synchronized clocks and radars with a finite, but known operating distance to identify neighbors. The algorithm assigns subgroups of UAVs, whose initial positions are randomly scattered in a bounded space, to a finite set of independent tasks. The key features of the proposed algorithm are: (1) the algorithm does not require any communication between the UAVs; (2) the task allocation is achieved in finite time. The analysis and results in the simplified 2D simulation environment respectively prove and verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm.
SOME STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CYSTOCARP IN CHAETANGIUM SACCATUM (LAM.) J. AG. (1938)

SOME STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CYSTOCARP IN CHAETANGIUM SACCATUM (LAM.) J. AG M. T. Martin, M.Sc, F.L.S. M. T. Martin, M.Sc, F.L.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings Linnean Society London, Volume 150, Issue 2, March 1938, Pages 117–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1938.tb00168.x Published: 09 April 2009
ChemInform Abstract: NITRO‐1.2.4‐TRIAZOLE (1970)

Abstract Durch Diazotierung der Amine (Ia) und (Ib) werden die Triazole (IIa) und (IIb) (58 bzw. 61% Ausbeute) dargestellt.
Numerical optimisation of slot parameters for a concentric array radial line slot antenna (1998)

Numerical slot design of a concentric array radial line slot antenna (CA-RLSA) with matching slots is proposed for small aperture antennas. In contrast to the previous design for large aperture RLSAs based upon continuous source model, parameters of discrete slots in the finite aperture are directly determined for uniform excitation. A remarkable efficiency of 85% and 82% is measured for 24 cm and 16 cm diameter antennas, respectively.
Absorption and Urinary Excretion of Peptides after Collagen Tripeptide Ingestion in Humans (2016)

Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is a collagen hydrolysate containing a high concentration of tripeptides with a Gly-X-Y sequence, such as Gly-Pro-Hyp. To test the effects of this preparation, we compared the absorption of peptides in humans after ingestion of a tripeptide fraction of CTP (CTP-100), a CTP preparation containing ca. 50% Gly-X-Y tripeptides (CTP-50), and a collagen peptide that did not contain tripeptides (CP). The postprandial levels of Gly-Pro-Hyp and Pro-Hyp in the plasma increased in those subjects who ingested CTP-100 and CTP-50, and were higher with greater Gly-Pro-Hyp ingestion. This demonstrated that collagen hydrolysates were efficiently absorbed when the collagen was ingested in the tripeptide form. Gly-Pro-Hyp and Pro-Hyp were also found in the urine after ingestion of CTP-100 or CTP-50. Similar to the results for the plasma concentration, the urinary excretion of Gly-Pro-Hyp and Pro-Hyp was also dependent on the amount of Gly-Pro-Hyp ingested. This indicates that ingested Gly-Pro-Hyp and generated Pro-Hyp were relatively stable in the body and were transported to the urine in the peptide form. The concentration of Hyp-Gly in the plasma was low after the ingestion of CP and CTP-100 but higher after the ingestion of CTP-50. Overall, our results suggest that tripeptides derived from collagen are absorbed efficiently by the body.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl Halides with Triethoxysilane:  Practical Synthetic Route to Aryltriethoxysilanes (2002)

[reaction: see text] The specific silylation of aryl iodides and bromides with triethoxysilane (EtO)(3)SiH in the presence of NEt(3) and a catalytic amount of [Rh(cod)(MeCN)(2)]BF(4) provides the corresponding aryltriethoxysilanes in high yield.
El mito de las privatizaciones en Chile (2005)

Sostiene el autor que las privatizaciones continuan siendo un tema central de la politica latinoamericana, y que los mismos argumentos sobre su eficiencia y necesidad se repiten en todos sus paises. Denuncia esto como una dependencia de las elites gobernantes latinoamericanas a “los requerimientos de la globalizacion”, y agrega que este no es solo un tema ideologico, pues las privatizaciones permiten comprar a bajo precio empresas de alta rentabilidad. Analiza luego la historia de la irrupcion en Chile de las privatizaciones, y sus consecuencias para la economia nacional, argumentando que estas constituyeron un instrumento fundamental del cambio de manos del poder tras el golpe de Estado de 1973, y que desde 1990 han sido una de las principales bases de lo que define como una democracia neoliberal.
Foreground Estimation and Hidden Markov Models for Tracking (2005)

We will give a short introduction to foreground/background estimation and Hidden Markov for tracking. More information about the topics can be found in the papers listed at the end. 1 Foreground estimation The objective is to extract the foreground and consequently also the background from a sequence of images. Problems facing us includes for example • long execution time, • slowly varying lighting conditions, • rapidly varying lighting conditions, and • what should be considered background. The image sequence may come from a video camera with 352 × 288 resolution color images running 20 frames per second. Let It: R 2 → R 3, t = 0,... n−1 be a sequence of n color images. We use the notation It = (I 1 t, I 2 t, I 3 t) to denote the different color channels when needed. In order to compute a feature at each location we can use convolution f j t (x, y) = Ij t ∗ h(x, y) = I j t (x − a, y − b)h(a, b)dadb, where h: R 2 → R is the filter mask. This gives a filter response at every point (x, y) ∈ R 2 and the statistical properties of these can be used to classify background and foreground. 1.1 Pixel based foreground estimation The Stauffer–Grimson [15] estimator is obtained by letting h = δ0,0 be the Dirac measure at the origin in which case I j t ∗ δ0,0 = I j t, i.e. that is the estimator is based on the individual pixel data. A simple solution would be to define a probability function at each point (x, y) ∈ R. Note that for digital images there are only a finite set of points in the definition set giving a finite set of probability functions. Thus, for a gray level image we will need to define probability functions px,y(a) like for example px,y(a) = 1 √ e
Predicting cisplatin and trabectedin drug sensitivity in ovarian and colon cancers (2008)

Molecular profiling of markers involved in the activity of chemotherapeutic agents can shed light on the successes and failures of treatment in patients and can also provide a basis for individualization of therapy. Toward those ends, we have used reverse-phase protein lysate microarrays to evaluate expression of protein components of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. Those pathways strongly influence the anticancer activities of numerous drugs, including those that are the focus here, cisplatin and ecteinascidin 743 (Et-743; Yondelis, Trabectedin). Cisplatin is generally more active in cell types deficient in NER, whereas Et-743 tends to be less active in those cells. We measured protein expression and sensitivity to those drugs in 17 human ovarian and colon cancer cell lines (13 of them from the NCI-60 panel) and five xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient cell types, each containing a different NER defect. Of the NER proteins giving reliable signals, XPF and XPG showed the highest correlations of protein expression with drug activity across all three tissue-of-origin groups. When we compared protein expression data with mRNA expression data from Affymetrix U133A chips, we found no consistent correlation between the two across the cell lines studied, which reinforces the conclusion that protein measurements can give more interpretable mechanistic information than can transcript measurements. The work reported here provides motivation for larger proteomic studies with more cell types focused on potential biomarkers in additional pharmacologically pertinent pathways.
Crystallization of Amino Acids on A 21-Well Circular PMMA Platform Using Metal- Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Crystallization (2013)

We describe the design and the use of a circular poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) crystallization platform capable of processing 21 samples in Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Crystallization (MA-MAEC). The PMMA platforms were modified with silver nanoparticle films (SNFs) to generate a microwave-induced temperature gradient between the solvent and the SNFs due to the marked differences in their physical properties. Since amino acids only chemisorb on to silver on the PMMA platform, SNFs served as selective and heterogeneous nucleation sites for amino acids. Theoretical simulations for electric field and temperature distributions inside a microwave cavity equipped with a PMMA platform were carried out to determine the optimum experimental conditions, i.e., temperature variations and placement of the PMMA platform inside a microwave cavity. In addition, the actual temperature profiles of the amino acid solutions were monitored for the duration of the crystallization experiments carried out at room temperature and during microwave heating. The crystallization of five amino acids (L-threonine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-serine and L-valine HCl) at room temperature (control experiment) and using MA-MAEC were followed by optical microscopy. The induction time and crystal growth rates for all amino acids were determined. Using MA-MAEC, for all amino acids the induction times were significantly reduced (up to ~8-fold) and the crystal growth rates were increased (up to ~50-fold) as compared to room temperature crystallization, respectively. All crystals were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and powder x-ray diffraction, which demonstrated that the crystal structures of all amino acids grown at room temperature and using MA-MAEC were similar.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Validation of Exonic Splicing Enhancers (2004)

Because deleterious alleles arising from mutation are filtered by natural selection, mutations that create such alleles will be underrepresented in the set of common genetic variation existing in a population at any given time. Here, we describe an approach based on this idea called VERIFY (variant elimination reinforces functionality), which can be used to assess the extent of natural selection acting on an oligonucleotide motif or set of motifs predicted to have biological activity. As an application of this approach, we analyzed a set of 238 hexanucleotides previously predicted to have exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) activity in human exons using the relative enhancer and silencer classification by unanimous enrichment (RESCUE)-ESE method. Aligning the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the public human SNP database to the chimpanzee genome allowed inference of the direction of the mutations that created present-day SNPs. Analyzing the set of SNPs that overlap RESCUE-ESE hexamers, we conclude that nearly one-fifth of the mutations that disrupt predicted ESEs have been eliminated by natural selection (odds ratio = 0.82 6 0.05). This selection is strongest for the predicted ESEs that are located near splice sites. Our results demonstrate a novel approach for quantifying the extent of natural selection acting on candidate functional motifs and also suggest certain features of mutations/SNPs, such as proximity to the splice site and disruption or alteration of predicted ESEs, that should be useful in identifying variants that might cause a biological phenotype.
Testing Semiconductor Memories: Theory and Practice (1998)

Memory modeling functional testing: reduced functional RAM chip model functional RAM chip testing functional ROM chip testing functional memory array testing functional memory board testing electrical testing: parametric testing dynamic testing on chip testing conclusions: address line scrambling various proofs software package.
The stat3/socs3a Pathway Is a Key Regulator of Hair Cell Regeneration in Zebrafish stat3/socs3a Pathway: Regulator of Hair Cell Regeneration (2012)

All nonmammalian vertebrates studied can regenerate inner ear mechanosensory receptors (i.e., hair cells) (Corwin and Cotanche, 1988; Lombarte et al., 1993; Baird et al., 1996), but mammals possess only a very limited capacity for regeneration after birth (Roberson and Rubel, 1994). As a result, mammals experience permanent deficiencies in hearing and balance once their inner ear hair cells are lost. The mechanisms of hair cell regeneration are poorly understood. Because the inner ear sensory epithelium is highly conserved in all vertebrates (Fritzsch et al., 2007), we chose to study hair cell regeneration mechanism in adult zebrafish, hoping the results would be transferrable to inducing hair cell regeneration in mammals. We defined the comprehensive network of genes involved in hair cell regeneration in the inner ear of adult zebrafish with the powerful transcriptional profiling technique digital gene expression, which leverages the power of next-generation sequencing ('t Hoen et al., 2008). We also identified a key pathway, stat3/socs3, and demonstrated its role in promoting hair cell regeneration through stem cell activation, cell division, and differentiation. In addition, transient pharmacological inhibition of stat3 signaling accelerated hair cell regeneration without overproducing cells. Taking other published datasets into account (Sano et al., 1999; Schebesta et al., 2006; Dierssen et al., 2008; Riehle et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2008; Qin et al., 2009), we propose that the stat3/socs3 pathway is a key response in all tissue regeneration and thus an important therapeutic target for a broad application in tissue repair and injury healing.
Inflammasomes as microbial sensors (2010)

Members of the Nod-like receptor family and the adaptor ASC assemble into multiprotein platforms, termed inflammasomes, to mediate the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. Recent studies have identified microbial and endogenous molecules as well as possible mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation.
Retinal Transdifferentiation Induced by NeuroD on Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells (2014)

The receptors for light in the vertebrate eye are photoreceptors of the retina. Photoreceptors are a group of light-sensitive receptor neurons which are terminal differentiated that do not divide and are not replaced if destroyed. The degenerative diseases of photoreceptors is a common cause of losing sight in retina. One of the treatment for retinal regeneration is to re-supply the type of cells that were damaged with neural progenitor cells or stem cells. The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer lies adjacent to photoreceptors that can reenter the cell cycle under certain trigger. This makes RPE as one of the stem cell sources to differentiate into neural progenitor cells or retinal precursor cells. In chick retina, the determination of the photoreceptor cell's fate may involve NeuroD, which is homologous to the drosophila proneural gene atonal. In addition, an overproduction of photoreceptor cells in the developing chick retina under retrovirus-driven NeuroD expression. In this study, The NeuroD gene was transfected into the RPE cells and some of the cells showed immunoreactivity for rhodopsin. The results demonstrate that RPE cells can be directed to photoreceptor fate and thus may be useful in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
President’s Address (1933)

Journal Article President’s Address Get access Arthur E Paul Arthur E Paul U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Chicago, Ill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 16, Issue 1, 15 February 1933, Pages 27–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/16.1.27 Published: 21 February 2020
The research of margin setting model based on improved BP neural network technology (2010)

The margin system is the exchange's first line defense against default risk. The margin setting model of stock index futures established adopts improved BP neural network technology, which utilizes Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the weight of BP neural network to expand the search space and enhance learning efficiency and accuracy of the network. Taking Hong Kong Hang Seng Index Future as the research object, and selecting prudent index (PI) and opportunity cost index (OCI) to compare and evaluate the predicted effect with traditional methods EWMA model and EVT-VaR method. Empirical study result shows that the prudent index of this model is the highest and the opportunity cost is relatively low, therefore, the model proposed has a better prediction effect.
Increased Numbers of ESAT-6- and Purified Protein Derivative-Specific Gamma Interferon-Producing Cells in Subclinical and Active Tuberculosis Infection (2000)

Numbers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells reactive to ESAT-6 antigen were increased in recent converters to purified protein derivative positivity and in tuberculosis patients but not in unvaccinated or Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy donors. ESAT-6-reactive IFN-gamma-producing cells in recent converters and tuberculosis patients recognized similar synthetic peptides. Thus, ESAT-6 is a potential candidate for use in detection of early, as well as active, tuberculosis and for control of the disease.
Automatic Colour Enhancement and Scene Change Detection of Digital Video (2003)

Basically digital video is a sequence of still images, displayed at a constant frame rate. Simplest adaptation of still image colour correction algorithm into the digital video is to use the same algorithm frame by frame in the video sequence. However, this kind of approach does not lead to satisfactory results. The sources of the problems are the temporal continuity of the video frames and different gradual transitions, for example editing effects and camera and object movement. Visual defects, which appear in the corrected video are for example flickering, hue changes, brightness changes and edit effect cancellations. These defects are the result of the still image algorithm, which has internally different kinds of thresholds, which adjust correction parameters. There are always small changes in the video sequence. The problems occur when there are small changes in the original video and the changes are still large enough for the correction algorithm to produce little differently corrected image. Even though the changes in the original video are unnoticeable, the changes in the corrected video may be visually noticeable. The temporal continuity of the correction must be made certain and solution is utilizing scene change detection. The object is to detect scene changes and assure that single scene is corrected without any large changes of the correction parameters. The original contrast enhancement and colour balance correction algorithms were based on the RGB-histograms and parameters calculated from the histograms, for example white and black points of the image. It is important that the scene change detection algorithm detects the changes, which results to the eventual changes of the actual correction parameters. In this work, the scene change detection is based on the wavelet transformed histograms. The wavelet coefficients of the histograms of the consecutive frames are compared to calculate difference of the frames. Also separate edit effect detection based on the histogram distribution movement is conducted. Overall result of the scene change detection module is a value between [0, 1], which represents the probability of the scene change. The final correction parameters are the combination of the parameters calculated from the current frame and the parameters used to correct previous frames, i.e. the correction parameters are adaptive recursive filtered before the correction is made. The probability of the scene change is used as an adaptive filter coefficient. If the probability is high then the weight of the parameters calculated from the current frame is significant. If the probability is low then the temporal continuity of the correction is assured by using larger weights for the parameters used in the previous frames. The still image algorithms may be used in the digital video if temporal continuity of the correction is ensured. The filtering of the correction parameters based on the scene change detection is proved to be workable solution. Visual tests of the application presented in this study
Automatic Classification of Location Contexts with Decision Trees (2006)

Abstract. Location contexts are geographic regions, with well defined bounda-ries, that can be used to characterize the context of the persons lying inside them. In this paper we describe a process that exploits the increasing availabil-ity of geographic data to automatically create and classify location contexts. The proposed process generates new geographic regions from a database of Points Of Interest through the use of spatial clustering techniques, and classifies them automatically using a decision tree based method. Some preliminary re-sults demonstrate the validity of this approach, while suggesting that a richer geographic database could produce location contexts of higher quality. 1