gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding for a Write-Once Memory (1984)

A write-once memory (WOM) is a binary storage medium in which the individual bit positions can be changed from the 0 state to the 1 state only once. Examples of WOMs are paper tapes, punched cards, and, most importantly, optical disks. For the latter storage medium, the l's are marked by a laser that burns away a portion of the disk. In a recent paper, Rivest and Shamir showed that it is possible to update or rewrite a WOM to a surprising degree, and that the total amount of information which can be stored in an JV-position WOM in many write/read "generations" or "stages" can be much larger than N. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> In this paper we extend their results in several directions. Let C(T, N) be the total number of bits of information that can be stored in an N-position WOM using T write/read generations. We consider the four cases that result when the writer (encoder) and/or reader (decoder) know the state of the memory at the previous generation. For three of these cases, when either the encoder and/or decoder knows the previous state, we show that C(T, N) ∼ N log(T + 1), with T held fixed, as A→∞. For the remaining case, when neither the encoder nor the decoder knows the previous state, we show that C(T, N) < N Π <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (6 In 2) ≈AT (2.37) and that this bound can be approached arbitrarily closely with T, N sufficiently large.
Power Managed Packet Switching (2007)

High power dissipation in packet switches and routers is fast turning into a key problem, owing to increasing line speeds and decreasing chip sizes. To address this issue, we introduce and develop the notion of a power-managed input-queued (PMIQ) switch in this paper. A PMIQ switch is an input-queued switch with an additional hierarchy of control to regulate the power dissipated by the switch. We formulate the joint scheduling and power management problem for a PMIQ switch as a dynamic program (DP). Leveraging intuition gained from provable structural properties of the optimal solution to the DP, we propose the power-aware switch scheduling (PASS) switch management policy. PASS dynamically selects the rate/speed at which the switch operates, in conjunction with the switch configuration, as a function of the backlogs of the input buffers. PASS can easily be tuned to tradeoff high power consumption for larger queuing delays. Experimental results show that PASS yields an attractive power-delay tradeoff relative to the benchmark maximum weight matching (MWM) scheduler. The low computational complexity of PASS makes it amenable to implementation in large, high-speed switches.
On the Scaling Laws of Dense Wireless Sensor Networks: The Data Gathering Channel (2005)

We consider dense wireless sensor networks deployed to observe arbitrary random fields. The requirement is to reconstruct an estimate of the random field at a certain collector node. This creates a many-to-one data gathering wireless channel. In this note, we first characterize the transport capacity of many-to-one dense wireless networks subject to a constraint on the total average power. In particular, we show that the transport capacity scales as /spl Theta/(log(N)) when the number of sensors N grows to infinity and the total average power remains fixed. We then use this result along with some information-theoretic tools to derive sufficient and necessary conditions that characterize the set of observable random fields by dense sensor networks. In particular, for random fields that can be modeled as discrete random sequences, we derive a certain form of source/channel coding separation theorem. We further show that one can achieve any desired nonzero mean-square estimation error for continuous, Gaussian, and spatially bandlimited fields through a scheme composed of single-dimensional quantization, distributed Slepian-Wolf source coding, and the proposed antenna sharing strategy. Based on our results, we revisit earlier conclusions about the feasibility of data gathering applications using dense sensor networks.
Performance and principle of operation of GaAs ballistic FET (1983)

This paper reports the first successful Monte Carlo particle simulation of submicron GaAs FETs of practical interest. The unsubstrated FET of a self-alignment type, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N_{d}=7 \times 10^{16}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L_{g}=0.25</tex> µm, and the channel thickness of 0.1µm shows <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I_{ds}, g_{m}</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{T}(=g_{m}/2</tex> πC <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ) of 3.3mA/20µm, 600mS/mm, and 160GHz, respectively. The FiT shows virtually no difference in the performances between 77K and 300K operations. Principle of operation of this high-performance FET has been made clear. The results on submicron GaAs FETs having 1) an undoped GaAs substrate 2) a hot-electron-injecting source structure, 3) a Permeable Base Transistor type structure, and 4) different doping densities are also reported.
Adaptive Virtual Surround Sound Rendering System for an Arbitrary Listening Position (2008)

In general a head-related-transfer-function-based virtual sound system inherently generates a sweet spot, and a listener positioned outside the sweet spot cannot feel the surround sound effect well. A novel virtual sound rendering method is presented which allows the listener located at an arbitrary position to obtain a good impression of surround sound by using two-channel loudspeakers only. This smart virtual sound rendering system consists of a listener position tracking system with infrared and ultrasonic sensors, and an adaptive virtualizer algorithm optimized for the listener position. Based on this new method, a TV viewer at an arbitrary position can enjoy good surround sound by the simple push of a button on a remote controller.
Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia and myosin isoform distribution (1998)

Because resistance exercise (REx) and bed-rest unloading (BRU) are associated with opposing adaptations, our purpose was to test the efficacy of REx against the effects of 14 days of BRU on the knee-extensor muscle group. Sixteen healthy men were randomly assigned to no exercise (NoEx; n = 8) or REx (n = 8). REx performed five sets of leg press exercise with 80-85% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) every other day during BRU. Muscle samples were removed from the vastus lateralis muscle by percutaneous needle biopsy. Myofiber distribution was determined immunohistochemically with three monoclonal antibodies against myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (I, IIa, IIx). MHC distribution was further assessed by quantitative gel electrophoresis. Dynamic 1-RM leg press and unilateral maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) were determined. Maximal neural activation (root mean squared electromyogram) and rate of torque development (RTD) were measured during MVC. Reductions (P < 0.05) in type I (15%) and type II (17%) myofiber cross-sectional areas were found in NoEx but not in REx. Electrophoresis revealed no changes in MHC isoform distribution. The percentage of type IIx myofibers decreased (P < 0.05) in REx from 9 to 2% and did not change in NoEx. 1 RM was reduced (P < 0.05) by 9% in NoEx but was unchanged in REx. MVC fell by 15 and 13% in NoEx and REx, respectively. The agonist-to-antagonist root mean squared electromyogram ratio decreased (P < 0.05) 19% in REx. RTD slowed (P < 0.05) by 54% in NoEx only. Results indicate that REx prevented BRU-induced myofiber atrophy and also maintained training-specific strength. Unlike spaceflight, BRU did not induce shifts in myosin phenotype. The reported benefits of REx may prove useful in prescribing exercise for astronauts in microgravity.
Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Polymers by Polymerization of Methacrylate- or Acrylate-Substituted Oxotitanium Clusters with Methyl Methacrylate or Methacrylic Acid (2002)

Inorganic−organic hybrid polymers were prepared by radical polymerization of methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate with 0.5−2 mol % of the (meth)acrylate-substituted oxotitanium clusters Ti6O4(OEt)8(OMc)8 (OMc = methacrylate), Ti6O4(OPr)8(OAcr)8 (OAcr = acrylate), and the new clusters Ti4O2(OPri)6(OOCR)6 (OOCR = methacrylate or acrylate). A small cluster proportion is sufficient for an efficient cross-linking of the polymers. Glassy (PMMA) or powdery polymers (PMA) were obtained. With an increasing proportion of cluster, the surface area of the PMA powders increased considerably. The obtained hybrid polymers exhibit a higher thermal stability than the parent polymers because the thermal depolymerization is inhibited or at least retarded. The swelling index of cluster-cross-linked PMMA in organic solvents correlates with the cluster proportion. Small-angle scattering investigations showed that Ti6O4(OPr)8(OAcr)8 in PMMA and PMA and Ti4O2(OPri)6(OMc)6 in PMA is more evenly distributed than Ti4O2(OPri)6(OMc)6 in PMMA. In the latter polymer, the clusters appear to aggregate and to exhibit a kind of discotic structure. Size and/or shape of the clusters and the number of polymerizable surface groups per cluster play a small but significant role in the fine-tuning of the polymer structure and the properties of the hybrid polymers.
Review: <i>Biochemistry of Plants and Animals</i>, by M. Frank Mallette, Paul M. Althouse, and Carl O. Clagett (1961)

Book Review| May 01 1961 Review: Biochemistry of Plants and Animals, by M. Frank Mallette, Paul M. Althouse, and Carl O. Clagett Biochemistry of Plants and AnimalsM. Frank MallettePaul M. AlthouseCarl O. Clagett P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (5): 301. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439608 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Biochemistry of Plants and Animals, by M. Frank Mallette, Paul M. Althouse, and Carl O. Clagett. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 1961; 23 (5): 301. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439608 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Proof-of-Concept of a SDN Based mmWave V2X Network for Safe Automated Driving (2019)

Conventional wisdom to enhance driving safety of automated vehicles focuses on the massive deployments of intelligent sensors, which generate enormous amount of data. As the solution of 5G era, creating a highly connected vehicular network is considered more reliable to guarantee the driving safety because single vehicle is prone to estimation error with blocked vision. Millimeter- wave, which is one of the key enablers of 5G, is promising to provide multi-gigabit ultra-high data rate and millisecond-level ultra-low latency data transmission. At the same time, software defined networking (SDN), which has proved its ability of dynamic resource management in wired networks, attracts us to extend its advantages into the vehicular environment. In this paper, we enumerate the benefits of mmWave and SDN on the vehicular network. In order to highlight their benefit on driving safety, we propose an architecture of SDN- based mmWave V2X network for HD dynamic map reception and distribution, i.e., cooperative perception. In addition, a proof-of-concept (PoC) is practically conducted in an outdoor environment to validate the performances of the proposed system.
The X-ray scanning microanalyser (1959)

The chemical microanalysis of a surface by the Castaing technique is carried out by exciting characteristic X-ray emission from a selected point, located optically under a stationary electron beam about 1 μ in diameter. In many cases, the speed of working is greatly increased by the use of a scanning technique, which enables the surface distribution of a given element to be presented visually as an image on a cathode-ray tube screen. For quantitative analysis of a selected feature, accurate positioning of the beam may be carried out by reference to this image, or to a similar image showing topographical detail. The method has been applied to elements of atomic number 12 and above, in metallurgical, biological and mineralogical specimens.
Sequential geophysical and flow inversion to characterize fracture networks in subsurface systems (2017)

Subsurface applications, including geothermal, geological carbon sequestration, and oil and gas, typically involve maximizing either the extraction of energy or the storage of fluids. Fractures form the main pathways for flow in these systems, and locating these fractures is critical for predicting flow. However, fracture characterization is a highly uncertain process, and data from multiple sources, such as flow and geophysical are needed to reduce this uncertainty. We present a nonintrusive, sequential inversion framework for integrating data from geophysical and flow sources to constrain fracture networks in the subsurface. In this framework, we first estimate bounds on the statistics for the fracture orientations using microseismic data. These bounds are estimated through a combination of a focal mechanism (physics‐based approach) and clustering analysis (statistical approach) of seismic data. Then, the fracture lengths are constrained using flow data. The efficacy of this inversion is demonstrated through a representative example.
Influence of Carotenoids and Pulps on the Color Modification of Blood Orange Juice (2000)

ABSTRACT: The causes of color modification in blood orange juice due to the heating concentration process were investigated. A Not From Concentrate (NFC) juice and a Reconstituted From Concentrated (RFC) juice, arising from the same stock of pigmented oranges, appeared very different in color although they had the same content of anthocyanins. CIE (Commision Internationale des Enclarages)‐Lab measurements showed a slight decrease of L* and a* values and a very large increase of b* and hue values in RFC juice. Different distribution of carotenoids between serum and pulps and modification of pulp size appeared to be responsible for color modification.
Omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6–11 years (2011)

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent asthma in children aged 6–11 years, based upon the evidence submission from Novartis Pharmaceutical UK Ltd to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The manufacturer’s submission was generally considered to be of good quality. The submission was based primarily on a preplanned subgroup IA-05 EUP (European Union Population) from the IA-05 trial, with outcomes including the number of clinically significant (CS) and clinically significant severe (CSS) exacerbations. Omalizumab therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the rate of CS exacerbations, but the reduction in the rate of CSS exacerbations was not statistically significant. The benefit in terms of CS exacerbations was achieved mainly in patients with more than three exacerbations per year at baseline. The manufacturer found no previous published cost-effectiveness studies of omalizumab in children aged 6–11 years, so their de novo economic evaluation formed the basis of the submitted economic evidence. The economic model was considered appropriate for the decision problem. The results from the model indicated that omalizumab in addition to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone did not appear cost-effective in either the overall population or a subgroup of patients hospitalised in the year prior to enrolment, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £91,169 and £65,911 per quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. These findings were found to be robust across a wide range of alternative assumptions through one-way sensitivity analyses. The guidance issued by NICE states that omalizumab is not recommended for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6–11 years.
Rituximab Dose-Escalation Trial in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2001)

Rituximab has significant activity in patients with CLL at the higher dose levels. Severe first-dose reactions were uncommon in patients with CLL, even with high circulating lymphocyte counts, but were frequent in patients with other mature B-cell leukemias in which CD20 surface expression is increased. Efficacy of rituximab was also significant in this group of patients.
Computed Tomography of the Spinal Canal (1976)

The value of computed tomography (CT) in cases of spinal dysraphism, spinal canal narrowing and widening, and spinal bony abnormalities is discussed. With further experience, CT may become a valuable modality for the diagnosis of spinal diseases.
THE CLINICAL TRIAL OF A NEW HYPOTENSIVE AGENT, "FUSARIC ACID (5-BUTYLPICOLINIC ACID)": THE PRELIMINARY REPORT (1971)

Fusaric acid (5-butylpicolinic acid) was found to be a potent inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase in vitro and in vivo. The depression of the levels of endogenous norepinephrine was demonstrated in brain, heart, spleen and adrenal glands of the rat. This compound showed a consistent hypotensive effect in experimental animals, also. This study was conducted to prove the hypotensive activity of this compound in humans, for the purpose of testing whether or not this compound could be a unique antihypertensive drug in clinical medicine.
Transferring Thin Film GaN LED Epi-Structure to the Cu Substrate by Chemical Lift-Off Technology (2011)

In this paper, a patterned sacrificial layer structure comprised of 3 μ m-wide SiO 2 narrow strips and 3 μ m spacing between strips fabricated on sapphire substrate was proposed. The structure was used not only to improve GaN epilayer quality, but also as a sacrificial layer structure. The GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) covered by the Cu substrate was fabricated after the GaN epitaxy layer was grown on the sapphire by lateral epitaxial overgrowth. Chemical etching using hydrofluoric acid was conducted to remove the aforementioned SiO 2 strips, and hence transform them into narrow tunnels. The GaN LEDs with the Cu substrate detached from the sapphire substrate after interface strain was increased, which demonstrates that n-side-up vertical GaN LEDs could be more easily obtained using chemical lift-off technology without laser damage compared with the laser lift-off technique.
Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence studies on the interaction between Protein L and kappa light chain (1997)

Conference Abstract| February 01 1997 Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence studies on the interaction between Protein L and kappa light chain Jennifer A. BECKINGHAM; Jennifer A. BECKINGHAM *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Stephen P. BOTTOMLEY; Stephen P. BOTTOMLEY *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Roger J. HINTON; Roger J. HINTON #Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Brian SUTTON; Brian SUTTON +The Randall Institute, Kings College London, 26–29 Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michael G. GORE Michael G. GORE *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (1): 38S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025038s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Jennifer A. BECKINGHAM, Stephen P. BOTTOMLEY, Roger J. HINTON, Brian SUTTON, Michael G. GORE; Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence studies on the interaction between Protein L and kappa light chain. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1997; 25 (1): 38S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025038s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: Immunoglobulin Ig, nuclear magnetic resonance NMR, dissocation constant Kd This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Acid-Sensitive Two-Pore Domain Potassium (K<sub>2</sub>P) Channels in Mouse Taste Buds (2004)

Sour (acid) taste is postulated to result from intracellular acidification that modulates one or more acid-sensitive ion channels in taste receptor cells. The identity of such channel(s) remains uncertain. Potassium channels, by regulating the excitability of taste cells, are candidates for acid transducers. Several 2-pore domain potassium leak conductance channels (K(2)P family) are sensitive to intracellular acidification. We examined their expression in mouse vallate and foliate taste buds using RT-PCR, and detected TWIK-1 and -2, TREK-1 and -2, and TASK-1. Of these, TWIK-1 and TASK-1 were preferentially expressed in taste cells relative to surrounding nonsensory epithelium. The related TRESK channel was not detected, whereas the acid-insensitive TASK-2 was. Using confocal imaging with pH-, Ca(2+)-, and voltage-sensitive dyes, we tested pharmacological agents that are diagnostic for these channels. Riluzole (500 microM), selective for TREK-1 and -2 channels, enhanced acid taste responses. In contrast, halothane (< or = approximately 17 mM), which acts on TREK-1 and TASK-1 channels, blocked acid taste responses. Agents diagnostic for other 2-pore domain and voltage-gated potassium channels (anandamide, 10 microM; Gd(3+), 1 mM; arachidonic acid, 100 microM; quinidine, 200 microM; quinine, 100 mM; 4-AP, 10 mM; and TEA, 1 mM) did not affect acid responses. The expression of 2-pore domain channels and our pharmacological characterization suggest that a matrix of ion channels, including one or more acid-sensitive 2-pore domain K channels, could play a role in sour taste transduction. However, our results do not unambiguously identify any one channel as the acid taste transducer.