gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HOXB7: a key factor for tumor-associated angiogenic switch. (2001)

We had demonstrated previously a functional bridge between altered homebox (HOX) gene expression and tumor progression through HOXB7 transactivation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Here, we have studied whether HOXB7, in addition to basic fibroblast growth factor, may induce other genes directly or indirectly related to neoangiogenesis and tumor invasion. Parental, beta-galactosidase-transduced, and HOXB7-transduced SkBr3 cell lines were examined for the expression of several growth factors and growth factor receptors involved in the proliferative and angiogenic processes. Vascular endothelial growth factor, melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-related oncogenene alpha, interleukin-8, and angiopoietin-2 were up-regulated by HOXB7 transduction. The exception was angiopoietin-1 expression that was abrogated. Additional analyses included the expression levels of enzymes such as matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and heparanase, capable of proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membranes. Results showed an induction of only MMP-9. The functional implication of such a finding was tested using an in vitro coculture assay in a three-dimensional matrix. A delay of differentiation with persistent nests of proliferating cells was found in endothelial cells cocultured with HOXB7-transduced SkBr3 cells. Tumorigenicity of these cells has been evaluated in vivo. Xenograft into athymic nude mice showed that SkBr3/HOXB7 cells developed tumors in mice, either irradiated or not, whereas parental SkBr3 cells did not show any tumor take unless mice were sublethally irradiated. Comparison of tumor nodules for vascularization by CD-31 and CD-34 immunostaining revealed an increased number of blood vessels in tumors expressing HOXB7. Together, the results indicate HOXB7 as a key factor up-regulating a variety of proangiogenic stimuli. Thus, HOXB7 gene or protein is a target to aim at to inhibit tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, considering the number and the redundancy of proangiogenic molecules that should be targeted one by one to theoretically achieve the same effect.
Intracellular calcium and calmodulin link brain‐derived neurotrophic factor to p70S6 kinase phosphorylation and dendritic protein synthesis (2009)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 kinase (S6K) pathway plays an important role in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mediated protein synthesis and neuroplasticity. Although many aspects of neuronal function are regulated by intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and calmodulin (CaM), their functions in BDNF-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and protein synthesis are largely unknown. Here, we report that BDNF, via TrkB-dependent activation of mTOR, induces sustained phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr389 and Thr421/Ser424. BDNF-induced phosphorylation at Thr389 was dependent on PI3 kinase but independent of ERK-MAPK. The previously identified MAPK phosphorylation site at Thr421/Ser424 required both PI3K and MAPK in BDNF-stimulated neurons. Furthermore, we found that the reduction in [Ca(2+)](i), but not extracellular calcium, blocked the BDNF-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K at both sites. Inhibition of CaM by W13 also blocked p70S6K phosphorylation. In correlation, W13 inhibited BDNF-induced local dendritic protein synthesis. Interestingly, sustained elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) by membrane depolarization antagonized the BDNF-induced p70S6K phosphorylation. Finally, the BDNF-induced p70S6K phosphorylation did not require the increase of calcium level through either extracellular influx or PLC-mediated intracellular calcium release. Collectively, these results indicate that the basal level of intracellular calcium gates BDNF-induced activation of p70S6K and protein synthesis through CaM. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Function for NF-kB in neuronal survival: Regulation by atypical protein kinase C (1999)

Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) has been intensely studied in the past several years due to its role as an inducible regulator of inflammation, apoptosis, transformation, and oncogenesis. Recently, increasing evidence supports a role for NF-kB in regulation of anti-apoptotic gene expression and promotion of cell survival (May and Ghosh [1999] Science 284:272-273). Studies in the past 5 years have provided evidence that NF-kB regulates neuronal survival as well. Moreover, atypical protein kinase (aPKC) has been shown to play a novel role in modulating the NF-kB pathway. In this review, I focus on neurons and the factors that contribute to regulation of NF-kB via aPKC.
<title>Performance and reliability of ultrathin reoxidized nitrided oxides fabricated by rapid thermal processing</title> (1991)

In this paper we report a systematic and comprehensive study of the chemical and electrical properties of rapid thermally nitrided (RTN) and reoxidized nitrided (RTO) thin oxides and reliability of MOSFETs with these materials as gate dielectrics. The chemical properties of the RTN oxides are studied using AES and VFIR techniques. The nitridation mechanism is discussed and a model is proposed to explain the widely reported nitrogen and oxygen distribution in RTN oxides. Electrical properties of RTN oxides such as dielectric constant conduction mechanism fixed charge and interface state density charge trapping and hot electron and radiation hardness are investigated and are correlated with their chemical characteristics. Post nitridation anneals were performed on the nitrided oxides in 02 d N2 ambients. Charge trapping and hot electron and radiation hardness of the resulting films are studied and compared. Finally the MOSFETs with reoxidized nitrided oxides as gate dielectrics are fabricated and their performance and reliability are studied. 1.
Rare variant of apolipoprotein E (Arg136-->Cys) in a subject with normal lipid values. (2002)

During the screening of apolipoprotein (apo) E gene polymorphism with PCR and subsequent restriction analysis, we have identified a female carrier with a mutant allele Arg136-->Cys. This proband had normal lipid parameters and no history of coronary artery disease (CAD). We did not confirm the previously described connection between apo E Arg136-->Cys mutation and elevated lipid levels. In the case of this mutation, other factors (environmental and/or genetic) are important for the development of lipid metabolism disorders.
Self- and Directed Assembly of Hexaruthenium Macrocycles (1999)

Rigid terpyridine-based building blocks allow easy access to large polymetallomacrocycles (see picture) through a self-assembly process. Such routes are envisioned to provide one-step methods to higher order motifs and facilitate the creation of precisely organized, metal-based networks for new energy storage devices.
Viscosities of Acetate or Chloride-Based Ionic Liquids and Some of Their Mixtures with Water or Other Common Solvents (2010)

For the temperature range (80 to 120) °C, viscosity data are reported for imidazolium-based ionic liquids 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Omim][Cl], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Hmim][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Emim][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Emim][Ac], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Bmim][Ac], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [Bmim] [N(CN)2]. Acetate-based ionic liquids have considerably lower viscosities than the corresponding chloride-based ILs. At 25 °C, viscosity data are reported for binary mixtures of [Bmim][Ac] with diluents water, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), and ethylene glycol. Even a small concentration of diluent very much reduces the viscosity of an ionic liquid.
The involvement of the transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) in the maintenance of mechanical and cold hyperalgesia in persistent inflammation (2009)

This study investigated the role of TRPA1 in the development and maintenance of mechanical and cold hyperalgesia in persistent inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in mice. The intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of CFA induced a long lasting (28 days) hyperalgesia for both mechanical and thermal (cold) stimuli. The intraperitoneal (i.p., 30-300 mg/kg), intraplantar (i.pl., 100 microg/site) or intrathecal (i.t., 10 microg/site) injection of the TRPA1 selective antagonist HC-030031 significantly reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia evaluated by the von Frey hair test. The effect of HC-030031 was evidenced on the day after CFA injection and was kept throughout the test. However, the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 10 microg/site) injection of HC-030031 did not interfere with CFA-induced hyperalgesia. Treatment with HC-030031 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) completely inhibited the noxious cold hyperalgesia induced by tetrafluoroethane in mice that received CFA. The pre-treatment with the TRPA1 oligonucleotide antisense (AS-ODN, i.t.) consistently prevented both mechanical and cold hyperalgesia. Interestingly, both TRPA1 protein expression and mRNA were over-expressed in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice treated with CFA, an effect that was fully prevented by the pre-treatment with the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. Collectively, the present results showed that TRPA1 present at either peripheral or spinal sites play a relevant role in the development and maintenance of both mechanical and cold hyperalgesia during CFA-induced inflammation. Thus, TRPA1 selective antagonists represent promising candidates to treat hyperalgesia in persistent inflammatory states.
Monocyte-mediated Tumoricidal Activity via the Tumor Necrosis Factor–related Cytokine, TRAIL (1999)

TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a molecule that displays potent antitumor activity against selected targets. The results presented here demonstrate that human monocytes rapidly express TRAIL, but not Fas ligand or TNF, after activation with interferon (IFN)-gamma or -alpha and acquire the ability to kill tumor cells. Monocyte-mediated tumor cell apoptosis was TRAIL specific, as it could be inhibited with soluble TRAIL receptor. Moreover, IFN stimulation caused a concomitant loss of TRAIL receptor 2 expression, which coincides with monocyte acquisition of resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. These results define a novel mechanism of monocyte-induced cell cytotoxicity that requires TRAIL, and suggest that TRAIL is a key effector molecule in antitumor activity in vivo.
Effects of IV and ICV Hypocretin-1 (Orexin A) in Hypocretin Receptor-2 Gene Mutated Narcoleptic Dogs and IV Hypocretin-1 Replacement Therapy in a Hypocretin-ligand-deficient Narcoleptic Dog (2003)

Hypocretin-1 administration, by central and systemic routes, does not improve narcoleptic symptoms in Hcrtr2 mutated Dobermans. Systemic hypocretin-1 hardly crosses the blood-brain barrier to produce therapeutic effects. The development of more centrally penetrable and longer lasting hypocretin analogs will be needed to further explore this therapeutic pathway in humans.
Facilitating Smart-Girl: Feminist Pedagogy in Service Learning in Action (2008)

Feminist disability studies pedagogy encourages instructors to strive for "universally designed" (UD) objects and instruction, while tempering that with feminist analyses of intersectionality. Because each individual has varying experiences of privilege and oppression, in terms of disability, race, class, gender, sexuality, nationality, religion, etc., "one size does (not) fit all" all of the time—which counters the pretense of UD. A pedagogical goal should be to discover who is excluded from particular social and physical privileges, expanding and creating access within the classroom. Those employing universal design strategies must incorporate tools to account for cultural barriers in addition to those listed above, including disabilities and impairments that have yet to be considered in particular arenas of access and accommodation. This article outlines a few of these potential barriers and suggests techniques for creating a more welcoming and accessible environment in one's classroom and department.
A New Approach to Alum Recovery (1978)

Detailed here is an investigation of alum recovery from treatment plant sludge by liquid‐ion exchange. Sponsored by the AWWA Research Foundation, the study has shown promising results on a laboratory scale, indicating that the method is both technically and economically feasible. A prototype for plant‐scale testing is planned for 1979.
Studies on the Formation and Incorporation of Streptolidine in the Biosynthesis of the Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotic Streptothricin F (2002)

Streptothricin F (STF, 1) is a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lavendulae. Studies were conducted to address the formation and timing of incorporation of the arginine-derived base streptolidine (4) during the biosynthesis of 1. [guanidino-(13)C]Streptolidine (10) was prepared by modification of an established method and used in whole-cell incorporation experiments. Analysis of the purified STF by (13)C NMR revealed a 1.9% enrichment of the guanidino carbon, confirming 4 as an advanced precursor to 1 and supporting proposals that 1 is assembled via a convergent biosynthetic pathway. To identify advanced intermediates in the conversion of L-arginine to 4, (2S,3R)-[guanidino-(13)C]capreomycidine (32) was prepared from oxazolidine aldehyde (18) via 1,1-dimethylethyl (4R,1'S)-4-(1',3'-diaminopropyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinecarboxylate (30). Treatment of 30 with Br(13)CN yielded the corresponding diprotected amino alcohol, which was readily converted to 32. The STF isolated from whole-cell incorporation experiments with 32 showed no significant (13)C enrichment at the guanidino carbon. These results suggest that 32 may be an enzyme-bound intermediate, unable to enter the cell, or is not a precursor to STF.
A Drosophila protein homologous to the human p70 Ku autoimmune antigen interacts with the P transposable element inverted repeats. (1994)

P transposable elements in Drosophila are mobilized via a cut-and-paste mechanism. This mode of transposition requires repair of both a double-strand break at the donor DNA site and gapped DNA at the target site. Biochemical studies have identified a cellular non-P element-encoded DNA binding protein, termed the inverted repeat binding protein (IRBP), that specifically interacts with the outer half of the 31-bp terminal inverted repeats. Protein sequence information was used to isolate cDNA clones encoding IRBP. Sequence analysis shows that IRBP is related to the 70-kDa subunit of the human Ku autoimmune antigen. The mammalian Ku antigen binds free DNA termini and has been implicated in immunoglobulin VDJ recombination, DNA repair, and transcription. In addition, Ku is the DNA binding subunit of the double-strand DNA-dependent protein kinase. Cytogenetic mapping indicates that the IRBP gene maps to chromosomal position 86E on the right arm of the third chromosome.
In Papyro Comparison of TMM (edgeR), RLE (DESeq2), and MRN Normalization Methods for a Simple Two-Conditions-Without-Replicates RNA-Seq Experimental Design (2016)

In the past 5 years, RNA-Seq has become a powerful tool in transcriptome analysis even though computational methods dedicated to the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data are yet to be standardized. It is, however, now commonly accepted that the choice of a normalization procedure is an important step in such a process, for example in differential gene expression analysis. The present article highlights the similarities between three normalization methods: TMM from edgeR R package, RLE from DESeq2 R package, and MRN. Both TMM and DESeq2 are widely used for differential gene expression analysis. This paper introduces properties that show when these three methods will give exactly the same results. These properties are proven mathematically and illustrated by performing <i>in silico</i> calculations on a given RNA-Seq data set.
Copolymerization of Ethylene Carbonate and .epsilon.-Caprolactone Using Samarium Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization of Ethylene Carbonate and .epsilon.-Caprolactone Using Samarium ComplexesWilliam J. Evans and Hideo KatsumataCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 14, 4011–4013Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00092a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00092a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Categories: New Resources, New Solutions (1980)

There is a complicated variety of services for separated children. So much so that some would deny that a set of children’s services with any unifying features actually exists; especially since the disappearance of the former children’s departments. Yet the difficulties in discerning the precise boundaries of the ‘child care system’ may well be a mark of progress. We take this view because we believe that the problems which give rise to the long-term separation of children are usually complex. In turn, they require complicated solutions, many of which can only be found in a combination of responses from different individuals and organisations. Indeed, we are tempted to conclude that one of the impediments to better services is undue simplification. This appears in many guises, but especially in the kinds of categories commonly employed in this field. Social and administrative categories are, of course, necessary, and we have already argued for improved forms of classification. But when these categories are few in number, and when they are conceived as mutually exclusive, we are in danger of thinking too narrowly and too rigidly. This is liable to obscure the actual needs of children and their families and to lead to an inflexible use of available resources.
Continuous Mixing of Fine Particles (1995)

Abstract The efficiency of reactors fed with particulate mixtures is often reduced by segregation of solids. Placing continuous mixers directly ahead of a reactor may be a solution to this problem. The performance of such mixers can be monitored for appropriate binary solids systems with an optical in‐line measuring system. The tracer concentration (SiC or Irgalite) in Al(OH) 3 was registered with high time resolution, thus making possible an extended statistical analysis of mixing processes using the power density spectrum. Experimental mixers with a maximum ‐throughput of 300 kg/h were fed with a fluctuating tracer concentration and the variance reduction ratios were determined. A model was developed that takes into account feeding constancy, residence time distribution and the limited homogeneity of particulate mixtures. Diagrams for continuous solids mixing processes are derived therefrom. They demonstrate the importance of high‐accuracy feed‐rate control.
The Condensation of Pyrroles with Bromine. A Self-Oxidation and a New Type of Displacement Reaction<sup>1,2</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Condensation of Pyrroles with Bromine. A Self-Oxidation and a New Type of Displacement Reaction1,2Alsoph H. Corwin and Paul ViohlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 7, 1137–1146Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01235a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01235a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) Integrated Payload for the Mars Polar Lander Mission (1998)

The Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) integrated payload for the Mars Polar Lander will be launched in January 1999, with a scheduled landing on Mars' south-polar layered deposits in December 1999. Over the course of its 90-day nominal mission during the martian southern spring and summer seasons, it will make in situ measurements that will provide new insights into the behavior and distribution of martian volatiles, MVACS consists of four major instrument systems: a surface stereo imager (SSI), which will acquire multispectral stereo images of the surface and atmosphere; a 2-m robotic arm (RA), which will dig a O.5-m deep trench and acquire surface and subsurface samples that will be imaged by a focusable robotic arm camera (RAC), which will take close-up images of surface and subsurface samples at a spatial resolution of 21 micron; a meteorology package (MET), which will make the first measurements of surface pressure, temperature, and winds in Mars' southern hemisphere and employ a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer to measure the water-vapor concentration and isotopic composition of CO2 in the martian atmosphere; and a thermal and evolved gas analyzer (TEGA), which will use differential scanning calorimetry and TDL-evolved gas analysis to determine the concentrations of ices, adsorbed volatiles, and volatile-bearing minerals in surface and subsurface soil samples. The unique in situ measurements made by MVACS at its high-latitude landing site will define a number of important aspects of the physical, isotopic, and chemical nature of the martian near-surface and subsurface environment that will be valuable in better understanding Mars meteorites and returned samples, as well as in the search for martian resources that could be utilized by humans.
Probability of a Laser Illuminating a Space Object (2003)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Polymerization with organoboron compounds (1966)

Abstract In the presence of organoboron compounds, free‐radical polymerization of vinyl monomers can proceed in spite of the presence of excess of typical radical inhibitors. The concept of free radical–organoboron complex formation is introduced to explain the unique role of organoboron compounds in such a polymerization system.