gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On navigating between friends and foes (1991)

The problem of determining the optimal straight path between a planar set of points is considered. Each point contributes to the cost of a path a value that depends on the distance between the path and the point. The cost function, quantifying this dependence, can be arbitrary and may be different for different points. An algorithm to solve this problem using an extension of the Hough transform is described. The range of applications includes straight-line fitting to a set of points in the presence of outliers, navigation, and path planning. The proposed extended Hough transform can be tuned to equivalent to well-known robust least-squares techniques, and allows efficient, approximate M-estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TIGHT CLOSURES AND INFINITE INTEGRAL EXTENSIONS (1992)

All rings are commutative, Noetherian with identity and of prime characteristic p, unless otherwise specified. First, we describe the definition of tight closure of an ideal and the properties about the tight closure used frequently. The technique used here for the tight closure was introduced by M. Hochster and C. Huneke [4,5, or 6]. Using the concepts of the tight closure and its properties, we will prove that if R is a complete local domain and F-rational, then R is Cohen-Macaulay. Next, we study the properties of R, the integral closure of a domain in an algebraic closure of its field of fractions. In fact, if R is a complete local domain of characteristic p>0, then R is Cohen-Macaulay [8]. But we do not know this fact is true or not if the characteristic of R is zero. For the special case we can show that if R is a non-Cohen-Macaulay normal domain containing the rationals Q, then R is not Cohen-Macaulay. Finally we will prove that if R is an excellent local domain of characteristic p and F-ratiional, then R is Cohen-Macaulay.aulay.
The Schild regression in the process of receptor classification (1982)

The history and derivation of the Schild equation is reviewed as well as the conditions under which the intercept of a Schild regression (the pA2, an empirical quantity) can be considered to be an estimate of the equilibrium dissociation constant of the antagonist for the receptor (KB). This parameter is of value in the classification of receptors. To be considered competitive (and, therefore, to be described in molecular terms by a KB), an antagonist must produce parallel displacement of agonist concentration-response curves with no alteration in the maximal response and thereby yield unambiguous dose ratios of agonist which are independent of agonist concentration. These dose ratios (dr) then can be utilized in the Schild equation (log (dr = 1) = n . log [B] - log KB, where [B] is the molar concentration of antagonist) in the form of a regression of log (dr - 1) on log [B]. If the regression is linear and has a slope of unity, the blockade is consistent with simple competitive antagonism and the intercept can be considered an estimate of the KB. Experimentally, the slope is a parameter critical to the assessment of competitivity. While a slope significantly different from unity may indicate that an antagonist is not competitive, it also may indicate that nonequilibrium exist in the experimental procedures. The importance of uptake mechanisms for agonists, with regards to producing underestimations of antagonist potency, are reviewed along with a concise model by Furchgott which conveniently incorporates these concepts. The possible significance of Schild regression slopes less than 1 and greater than 1 are discussed along with caveats regarding Schild regressions with slopes of unity but erroneous estimates at KB. Short discussions of the use of selective agonists, experiments in vivo, and the assessments of receptor differences from estimates of KB also are given.
Some Guidelines for the Synthesis and Testing of Pulse Microstructure in Relation to Musical Meaning (1990)

Guidelines are suggested for synthesizing and testing musical microstructure, especially as applied to the composer's pulse. It is proposed that research in music microstructure use research equipment and acoustic methods not less stringent than those used for speech research. Musical considerations are discussed for how to test different parts of musical pieces appropriately.
Anode Properties of Cu-Coated Si Thick Film Electrodes Prepared by Electroless Deposition and Gas-Deposition (2010)

Thick film electrodes of Cu-coated Si particles were fabricated by an electroless deposition and a successive gas-deposition, and were evaluated their electrochemical properties as an anode of Li-ion battery. The discharge capacity and its retention at the 1000th cycle were 570 mAh g−1 and 61%. The excellent cycle life performance is attributed to an enhanced electrical conductivity due to the Cu-coating and a reversible conversion reaction between Li and Cu2O which was formed on the Cu surface. The high capacity retention is caused by a high fracture toughness of the coated Cu which can effectively relax a stress induced by volume expansion of Si as a buffer matrix.
Direct electro-optic sampling of a GaAs integrated circuit using a gain-switched InGaAsP injection laser (1986)

We demonstrate an electro-optic sampling system based on a gain-switched InGaAsP injection laser. The system has a temporal resolution of 18ps and is used for noninvasive probing of waveform internal to a GaAs monolithic integrated circuit operating at 2.4GHz.
Why is the measurement of jugular venous pressure discredited? (2003)

Every doctor should be able to make a probable diagnosis of congestive heart failure by clinical examination. The most revealing clinical sign is an elevated jugular venous pressure. The measurement of this pressure was introduced by Lewis in 1930 and refined and standardised by Borst and Molhuysen in 1952. Still, this method has fallen into disuse and is thought to be not very sensitive for diagnosing congestive heart failure. A study of the methods described in the literature reveals that variations in technique are responsible for great differences in normal values. It is argued that smaller elevations of jugular venous pressure can only be measured reliably by adhering strictly to the conditions put forward by Borst and Molhuysen. In this way the sensitivity will improve considerably. A plea is made for an intensive training in this method for doctors and medical students.
<i>In vivo</i> Target Modulation and Biological Activity of CHIR-258, a Multitargeted Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, in Colon Cancer Models (2005)

These studies provide evidence that biological activity of CHIR-258 in tumors correlates with efficacy and aids in the identification of potential biomarkers of this multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. CHIR-258 exhibits properties that make it a promising candidate for clinical development in a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies.
A balanced k-means algorithm for weighted point sets (2013)

The classical $k$-means algorithm for partitioning $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ into $k$ clusters is one of the most popular and widely spread clustering methods. The need to respect prescribed lower bounds on the cluster sizes has been observed in many scientific and business applications. In this paper, we present and analyze a generalization of $k$-means that is capable of handling weighted point sets and prescribed lower and upper bounds on the cluster sizes. We call it weight-balanced $k$-means. The key difference to existing models lies in the ability to handle the combination of weighted point sets with prescribed bounds on the cluster sizes. This imposes the need to perform partial membership clustering, and leads to significant differences. For example, while finite termination of all $k$-means variants for unweighted point sets is a simple consequence of the existence of only finitely many partitions of a given set of points, the situation is more involved for weighted point sets, as there are infinitely many partial membership clusterings. Using polyhedral theory, we show that the number of iterations of weight-balanced $k$-means is bounded above by $n^{O(dk)}$, so in particular it is polynomial for fixed $k$ and $d$. This is similar to the known worst-case upper bound for classical $k$-means for unweighted point sets and unrestricted cluster sizes, despite the much more general framework. We conclude with the discussion of some additional favorable properties of our method.
A new STI process based on selective oxide deposition [for CMOS logic] (2002)

A new shallow trench isolation (STI) process with a planarization concept based on a selective oxide deposition (SELOX) is presented. Different oxide growth rates on pad nitride and silicon result in good global planarity after the trench fill process. The straightforward concept of the SELOX process requires a minimum of process steps, making it particularly interesting for cost and throughput optimization in manufacturing. Electrical parameters are comparable to those achieved with common STI processes.
Biochemical and physiological basis for effects of controlled and modified atmospheres on fruits and vegetables (1986)

A literature review discusses the possible direct and indirect effects of controlled atmospheres (CA's) on the biochemical and physiological properties of fruits and vegetables during transport and storage. The effects specifically discussed are those associated with: respiratory metabolism; ethylene biosynthesis and action; chemical changes affecting product color, texture, flavor, and nutritional value; growth and development; physical injuries caused by bruising; water loss; and physiological disorders alleviated, aggravated, or induced by CA's. The role of CA's on controlling pathogens that promote postharvest decay also is discussed.(wz)
Multiple roles of divalent cation in the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase reaction. (1990)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity is absolutely dependent on the presence of a divalent cation in the reaction mixture. This requirement can be satisfied by either Mg2+, Co2+, or Mn2+. When Mg2+ is used, the reaction rate is inhibited by metal ligands, and this inhibition can be reversed by Zn2+. Reaction rates in Mg2+ are also stimulated by the addition of micromolar amounts of Zn2+. To examine the role of Zn2+ in terminal transferase catalysis we analyzed for Zn2+ in homogeneous recombinant human terminal transferase preparations and found that Zn2+ is not an intrinsic part of enzyme molecule. Analysis of Zn2+ binding to terminal transferase under equilibrium conditions shows about 0.3 g of atom of Zn2+/mol of enzyme, suggesting that Zn2+ forms an easily dissociable complex with the enzyme molecule. Kinetic analyses showed that the stimulatory effect of Zn2+ is observed in several buffer systems. Zn2+ increases the affinity of the enzyme for the initiator about 2-fold and decreases affinity for dATP more than 10-fold, resulting in an increase in the apparent Vmax of the reaction. Using a 3'-ended 2',3'-dideoxyoligonucleotide as an inhibitor demonstrates that the inhibitor has no effect on the reaction rate in the absence of Zn2+ but is competitive with respect to the initiator in the presence of Zn2+. These results suggest that Zn2+ is a positive effector for terminal transferase, interacting with oligonucleotide and enzyme near the initiator binding site. Binding of Zn2+ to the enzyme appears to induce conformational changes that greatly increase the Vmax of the reaction with a concomitant decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for dNTP.
Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) Following Adenovirus Vector COVID-19 Vaccination (2021)

This Science Brief provides information for health care professionals about Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT), also known as Vaccine-Induced Prothrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS). This is a rare adverse event following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines, including the AstraZeneca/COVISHIELD and Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines. This brief describes the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnostic work-up and treatment of VITT.
Panoramic Vision for Automotive Applications: From Image Rectification to Ambiance Monitoring and Driver Body Height Estimation (2011)

Nowadays, omnidirectional cameras are becoming more and more attractive for industrial applications.Since omnidirectional cameras have a large field of view, there is a great potential for novel applications in the automotive domain such as advanced driver assistance systems among others.This thesis presents a novel information system for a smart door.The smart car door consists of an actuated two-hinge kinematic along with a haptic support system which allows for situationdependent door opening to provide optimal space for ingress/egress in tight parking lots.The information system is based on an omnidirectional camera which is integrated with the sideview mirror to monitor the ambiance next to the car in its entirety.The information system generates 3D ambiance information from the surroundings to compute situation-dependent door opening paths in order to avoid collisions with obstacles.The information system also extracts approaching drivers and estimates their body heights to automatically pre-adjust the seat for a better ingress.This thesis focuses on the development of robust image processing algorithms for absolute body height estimation and on the generation of 3D ambiance information with a single omnidirectional camera.First, the field of omnidirectional cameras is introduced with particular focus on camera calibration and image rectification.The thesis presents the physical and mathematical properties of omnidirectional cameras and describes the underlying camera model to obtain perspective panoramic images.A calibration scheme is presented that estimates the parameters of the camera model using chessboard corners in calibration patterns.An extension to the calibration scheme is proposed that overcomes the previous manual selection of corners in existing calibration procedures.Instead, a robust extraction algorithm is presented that is able to detect chessboard corners in calibration images captured under different illumination conditions.Different projections -such as the spherical or cylindrical projection -are presented to transform original images into panoramic images.Additionally, a new measure -the pixel densityis proposed as a new tool to compare omnidirectional cameras and projections in terms of best utilization of sensor pixels in panoramic images.This way, optimal utilization of sensor pixels and, hence, optimal resolution in panoramic images can be obtained for any omnidirectional camera.It is also shown that the commonly used cylindrical projection is not suitable for some omnidirectional cameras.Next, the problem of absolute body height estimation of humans using a single omnidirectional camera is analyzed.A novel algorithm is proposed which estimates the absolute body height of approaching drivers in order to adjust the seat position for a better ingress in narrow parking situations.Body height estimation is realized as a two stage process: Driver extraction using a xiii
Deletion of beta 1 integrins in mice results in inner cell mass failure and peri-implantation lethality. (1995)

Integrin receptors for extracellular matrix receptors are important effectors of cell adhesion, differentiation, and migration in cultured cells and are believed to be critical effectors of these processes during development. To determine when beta 1 integrins become critical during embryonic development, we generated mutant mice with a targeted disruption of the beta 1 integrin subunit gene. Heterozygous mutant mice were normal. Homozygous loss of beta 1 integrin expression was lethal during early postimplantation development. Homozygous embryos lacking beta 1 integrins formed normal-looking blastocysts and initiated implantation at E4.5. However, the E4.5 beta 1-null embryos in situ had collapsed blastocoeles, and whereas the trophoblast penetrated the uterine epithelium, extensive invasion of the decidua was not observed. Laminin-positive endoderm cells were detected in the inner cell mass area, but endoderm morphogenesis and migration were defective. By E5.5 beta 1-null embryos had degenerated extensively. In vitro analysis showed that trophoblast function in beta 1-null peri-implantation embryos was largely normal, including expression of tissue-specific markers, and outgrowth on fibronectin- and vitronectin-coated, although not on laminin-coated substrates. In contrast, the inner cell mass region of beta 1-null blastocyst outgrowths, and inner cell masses isolated from beta 1-null blastocysts, showed highly retarded growth and defective extraembryonic endoderm morphogenesis and migration. These data suggest that beta 1 integrins are required for normal morphogenesis of the inner cell mass and are essential mediators of growth and survival of cells of the inner cell mass. Failure of continued trophoblast development in beta 1-null embryos after inner cell mass failure could be attributable to either an intrinsic requirement for beta 1 integrins for later stages of trophoblast development, or to the lack of trophic signals from the beta 1-null inner cell mass.
IT-Unterstützung von Planung und Kontrolle (1999)

Den Gegenstand dieses Kapitels bilden Möglichkeiten und Formen der Unterstützung von Planungs- und Kontrollaufgaben durch moderne Informationstechniken. Dafür sind zunächst zwei Abgrenzungen erforderlich,
Location-Information-Assisted Joint Spectrum Sensing and Power Allocation for Cognitive Radio Networks With Primary-User Outage Constraint (2015)

Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are expected to achieve 1000 times higher capacity compared with fourth-generation wireless networks. Thus, improving the spectrum efficiency (SE) is a crucial problem, which must be considered. Cognitive radio (CR) is considered an effective approach to alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem. In this paper, based on the location information of the primary transmitter (PT) and the CR network, we estimate the distance between the PT and the secondary transmitter (ST) and then propose a joint spectrum sensing and power allocation (JSS-PA) scheme to improve the SE of the CR network. In the JSS-PA scheme, we focus on jointly optimizing the sensing parameters and the transmit power of the secondary user (SU) such that the SE is maximized, whereas the primary user (PU) outage constraint is satisfied. When cooperative spectrum sensing is employed to detect the PU's status, we analyze two cooperative strategies, i.e., soft information fusion (SIF) and hard information fusion (HIF). Under the SIF strategy, the optimization of sensing and power (S-OSP) algorithm is proposed to maximize the SE. Under the HIF strategy, the optimization of thresholds (H-OT) algorithm is proposed, and then, the optimization of sensing and power (H-OSP) algorithm is proposed to find the optimal duration of local sensing, the optimal transmit power of the SU, and the optimal final decision threshold. Finally, we present the simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed JSS-PA scheme and discuss the effects of the optimal parameters on different schemes under SIF and HIF strategies.
Skewed X chromosome inactivation failed to explain the normal phenotype of a carrier female with <i>MECP2 </i>mutation resulting in Rett syndrome (2008)

Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene cause Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that exclusively affects girls. Females with the MECP2 mutations exhibit a broad spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from classical Rett syndrome to asymptomatic carriers, which can be explained by differences in X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Here, we report a family with a girl with Rett syndrome in whom a novel missense mutation in the MECP2 gene was transmitted through the maternal germ line. The carrier mother was asymptomatic and presented non-random XCI in the peripheral blood cells, which resulted in the X chromosome harboring the mutant allele that was predominantly active. Thus, the presence of non-random XCI in the peripheral blood cells did not provide an explanation for the normal phenotype of the carrier mother. This result suggests that mechanisms other than XCI may contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with MECP2 mutations.
Translation of non-standard codon nucleotides reveals minimal requirements for codon-anticodon interactions (2018)

The precise interplay between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is crucial for ensuring efficient and accurate translation by the ribosome. The insertion of RNA nucleobase derivatives in the mRNA allowed us to modulate the stability of the codon-anticodon interaction in the decoding site of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes, allowing an in-depth analysis of codon recognition. We found the hydrogen bond between the N<sup>1</sup> of purines and the N<sup>3</sup> of pyrimidines to be sufficient for decoding of the first two codon nucleotides, whereas adequate stacking between the RNA bases is critical at the wobble position. Inosine, found in eukaryotic mRNAs, is an important example of destabilization of the codon-anticodon interaction. Whereas single inosines are efficiently translated, multiple inosines, e.g., in the serotonin receptor 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> mRNA, inhibit translation. Thus, our results indicate that despite the robustness of the decoding process, its tolerance toward the weakening of codon-anticodon interactions is limited.
On processor coordination using asynchronous hardware (1987)

We investigate an asynchronous model of concurrent computations, where processors communicate by shared registers that allow atomic read and write operations (but do not support atomic test-and-set).
A Proof of Security of Yao’s Protocol for Two-Party Computation (2006)

Abstract. In the mid 1980s, Yao presented a constant-round protocol for securely computing any two-party functionality in the presence of semi-honest adversaries (FOCS 1986). In this paper, we provide a complete description of Yao’s protocol, along with a rigorous proof of security. Despite the importance of Yao’s protocol to the theory of cryptography and in particular to the field of secure computation, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an explicit proof of security has been published.
Exploring the Similarity/Dissimilarity measures for unsupervised IDS (2016)

This paper investigates various Similarity/Dissimilarity measures for Intrusion Detection Problem. In this paper we implemented an offline Anomaly based IDS using agglomerative and partition based clustering algorithms with selected Similarity/Dissimilarity measures. In unsupervised learning labeling the clusters is an important task. This paper employed two cluster labeling algorithms, SNC labeling algorithm and “labeling clusters using class representative objects”. This work is evaluated using KDDCup 99 dataset.