gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Airway Inflammation, and FEV <sub>1</sub> Decline in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2006)

Persistent RSV detection in patients with COPD is associated with airway inflammation and accelerated decline in FEV(1). Chronic RSV infection may be a novel therapeutic target to alter the natural history of COPD.
The Reflectivity of a Liquid Crystal Cell in a Surface Plasmon Experiment (1981)

Abstract This paper provides the mathematical background on which the previous paper entitled: Determination of the Surface Tilt Angle by ATR, is based. The algebra was considered too lengthy to be incorporated as an appendix to that paper.
Electrolytic Reductive Coupling (1964)

The electrolysis of concentrated solutions of acrylonitrile in aqueous tetraethylammonium p‐toluenesulfonate at lead or mercury cathodes and at controlled pH yields adiponitrile in virtually quantitative yields and at current efficiencies close to 100%. If the catholyte has acrylonitrile concentrations much below 10% or contains alkali metal cations, increasing quantities of propionitrile appear as by‐product. An explanation is offered for this shift in product distribution. Variations in laboratory cell design and supporting electrolyte composition are discussed.
Liquid‐crystalline silsesquioxanes (1991)

Abstract Liquid‐crystalline silsesquioxanes were synthesized by combining mesogens with spherical silsesquioxanes. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit smectic phases. Lateral connection of a mesogen results in a nematic phase. All phases are optical uniaxial positive, i.e. calamitic structures are favoured. LC‐silsesquioxanes represent a new group of liquid‐crystalline side‐chain polymers with backbones ranging from centrosymmetric cage like structures of siloxanes or heterosiloxanes to linear ladder structures. They can be considered as the link between the linear side‐chain polymers and surface treated silica or quartz.
Design, synthesis, and utility of fuctionalized nanoscale amphiphilic macromolecules for biomedical applications (2011)

Polymeric micelles are spherical assemblies of amphiphilic polymers widely studied for many biomedical applications. Nanoscale amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) are novel amphiphilic polymers composed of an alkylated sugar backbone covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In aqueous solution, AMs self-assemble to form 10-20 nm micelles with critical micelle concentrations as low as 100 nM, making them more stable than other common micelles. In addition, the basic structure of AMs has multiple points of modification such that the polymer can be modified and evaluated for virtually any application. This work highlights the promise of functionalized AMs as a novel, versatile biomaterial. Carboxy-terminated AMs were previously shown to inhibit highly oxidized low- density lipoprotein (hoxLDL) uptake in macrophage cells. To gain a mechanistic understanding of this inhibition, a series of AMs were designed and synthesized by modifying the basic polymer structure to evaluate several characteristics including: amphiphilicity, PEG chain length, anionic charge location, type of anionic charge, number of anionic charges, rotational motion of the anionic group, and PEG architecture. The optimal AM for inhibiting hoxLDL uptake was determined to be one with a rigid, rotationally-restricted carboxylic acid within the hydrophobic portion of the polymer. Building upon previous work that showed AMs deliver cargo intracellulary, a series of cationic polymers were designed and synthesized for nucleic acid delivery. The cationic moiety was added within the hydrophobic component of the AMs such that when the cationic portion complexed with anionic nucleic acids, the nucleic acids would be localized in the micellar interior. Three cationic AMs were evaluated with varying surface charges. The polymer with the highest surface charge was the most effective at complexing with and delivering small interfering RNA to U87 glioma cells. Finally, without modification, AMs are capable of water-solubilizing hydrophobic drugs. This property can be applied to hydrophobic fluorescent nanocrystals, which are useful for biological imaging. In the last chapter, AMs were utilized to water-solubilize white light-emitting nanocrystals without altering the emission properties of the nanocrystals. By modifying the polymer structure to incorporate functionalities that can coordinate to the surface of the nanocrystals, smaller, water-soluble assemblies that maintain white light-emission were obtained.
Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment for refractory hemolytic anemia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. (2003)

We administered rituximab monoclonal antibody to five patients suffering from a lymphoproliferative CD20-positive disease associated, at diagnosis or after starting treatment, with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). After treatment with rituximab we observed an improvement of AIHA in all cases, and, in one case, improvement of the autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with the AIHA. There were no relevant side effects.
The location of thunderstorms by radio direction-finding (1947)

The nature of the radiation from a lightning flash is discussed, and it is shown that the main source of inaccuracy in the crossed-loop cathode-ray types of direction-finder at present in use by the Meteorological Office is due to polarization errors. Various methods are then considered for improving the accuracy of thunderstorm location, and the conclusion is drawn that a cathode-ray direction-finder, using a spaced-aerial system and with brilliance modulation applied to the display tube, is likely to be more successful than other systems. A description is then given of a direction-finder, having greatly improved instrumental accuracy, which has been designed as an experimental tool for the development of the improved method of location.
The outcomes of navigation-assisted bone tumour surgery (2012)

We evaluated the oncological and functional outcome of 18 patients, whose malignant bone tumours were excised with the assistance of navigation, and who were followed up for more than three years. There were 11 men and seven women, with a mean age of 31.8 years (10 to 57). There were ten operations on the pelvic ring and eight joint-preserving limb salvage procedures. The resection margins were free of tumour in all specimens. The tumours, which were stage IIB in all patients, included osteosarcoma, high-grade chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, and adamantinoma. The overall three-year survival rate of the 18 patients was 88.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 75.4 to 100). The three-year survival rate of the patients with pelvic malignancy was 80.0% (95% CI 55.3 to 100), and of the patients with metaphyseal malignancy was 100%. The event-free survival was 66.7% (95% CI 44.9 to 88.5). Local recurrence occurred in two patients, both of whom had a pelvic malignancy. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 26.9 points at a mean follow-up of 48.2 months (22 to 79). We suggest that navigation can be helpful during surgery for musculoskeletal tumours; it can maximise the accuracy of resection and minimise the unnecessary sacrifice of normal tissue by providing precise intra-operative three-dimensional radiological information.
Towards cognitive image fusion (2007)

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Transcriptional regulation of heat shock genes. A paradigm for inducible genomic responses. (1992)

The heat shock response offers an ideal paradigm to understand how the cell recognizes and responds to acute and chronic exposures to environmental and physiological stress. Of the numerous inducible genomic responses, the heat shock response has contributed fascinating insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of adaptation, ranging from the regulation of heat shock gene expression to the function of stress proteins. The recent cloning of multiple heat shock transcription factor (HSF) genes in higher eukaryotes and studies on the biochemical and cellular properties of HSFs have revealed several novel features of the transcriptional response.
Induced activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in iron‐deficient barley roots: a possible role for phytosiderophore production (2000)

To isolate the genes involved in the response of graminaceous plants to Fe-deficient stress, a protein induced by Fe-deficiency treatment was isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots. Based on the partial amino acid sequence of this protein, a cDNA (HvAPT1) encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT: EC 2.4.2.7) was cloned from a cDNA library prepared from Fe-deficient barley roots. Southern analysis suggested that there were at least two genes encoding APRT in barley. Fe deficiency increased HvAPT1 expression in barley roots and resupplying Fe to the Fe-deficient plants rapidly negated the increase in HvAPT1 mRNA. Analysis of localization of HvAPT1-sGFP fusion proteins in tobacco BY-2 cells indicated that the protein from HvAPT1 was localized in the cytoplasm of cells. Consistent with the results of Northern analysis, the enzymatic activity of APRT in barley roots was remarkably increased by Fe deficiency. This induction of APRT activity by Fe deficiency was also observed in roots of other graminaceous plants such as rye, maize, and rice. In contrast, the induction was not observed to occur in the roots of a non-graminaceous plant, tobacco. Graminaceous plants generally synthesize the mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) in roots under Fe-deficient conditions. In this paper, a possible role of HvAPT1 in the biosynthesis of MAs related to adenine salvage in the methionine cycle is discussed.
International Comparison Program (2015)

Defines the International Comparison Program (ICP) as a worldwide statistical operation involving 199 countries producing internationally comparable price and volume measures for gross domestic product (GDP) and its component expenditures based on purchasing power parities (PPPs).
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping in Dynamic Scenes (2017)

The task of dynamic scene understanding is an open problem in computer vision with numerous applications in fields such as autonomous driving.Many modern three-dimensional reconstruction pipelines do not account for the presence of dynamic objects in the environment, or simply treat all measurement associated with such entities as noise.Moreover, many reconstruction pipelines which rely on stereo input are unable to effectively deal with the noise typically associated with estimating depth from stereo.We present a dense mapping system based on stereo cameras which is capable of robust operation in complex urban scenes.In addition to building a static map of its environment, the system also detects, tracks, and reconstructs the vehicles encountered within, while remaining memoryefficient thanks to a simple yet effective map pruning technique.
Chronic Oxaliplatin Resistance Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines (2006)

We hypothesize that induction of EMT may contribute to the decreased efficacy of therapy in chemoresistant CRC, as the tumor cells switch from a proliferative to invasive phenotype. Further understanding of the mechanisms of chemoresistance in CRC will enable improvements in chemotherapy for metastatic disease.
Wearable gesture control of agile micro quadrotors (2017)

Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have seen a surge of use in various applications due to its structural simplicity and high maneuverability. However, conventional control methods using joysticks prohibit novices from getting used to maneuvering quadrotors in short time. In this paper, we suggest the use of a wearable device, such as a smart watch, as a new remote-controller for a quadrotor. The user's command is recognized as gestures using the 9-DoF inertial measurement unit (IMU) of a wearable device through a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) cells. Our implementation also makes it possible to align the heading of a quadrotor with the heading of the user. Our implementation allows nine different gestures and the trained RNN is used for real-time gesture recognition for controlling a micro quadrotor. The proposed system exploits available sensors in a wearable device and a quadrotor as much as possible to make the gesture-based control intuitive. We have experimentally validated the performance of the proposed system by using a Samsung Gear S smart watch and a Crazyflie Nano Quadcopter.
Quantitative DNA Assay (Ploidy), Koilocytotic Changes and AgNOR Expression for Risk Estimation in Oral Leukoplakia (2014)

In this study, quantitative DNA estimation (DNA ploidy), AgNORs and koilocytotic changes were assessed in oral leukoplakia for risk categorization. Materials and methods: 50 cases of oral leukoplakias along with adequate controls were selected for the study. Quantitative DNA analysis was done by FACS scan. AgNORs were studied by silver staining method, koilocytotic changes and histopathology were studied in HE stained tissue sections. Results: Out of 50 cases, 45 cases (90%) were linked to traditional addiction of various forms and 5 cases (10%) were non-addicts. Histologically, there were 52% non dysplastic and 48% dysplastic cases. Out of these 50 cases, there were diploid, tetrapoid and aneuploid population including hypodiploid DNA content. The DNA index (DI), among these cases, were ranged from 0.22 (hypodiploid) to 2.12 (tetrapoid) (co-efficient of variation ranged from 0.39 to 18.43). The mean AgNOR count for smokers were 3.5 ± 2.058 whereas the mean AgNOR count for the betel quid group was 2.85 ± 1.47 and for khaini- gutka group was 3.67 ± 2.21. Less than 50% cases showed positivity for koilocytotic changes (20 out of 50 cases). Conclusion: The quantitative DNA (ploidy) study along with AgNORs can be considered dually as a prospective prognostic marker for cancer risk prediction in cases of oral leukoplakia. But koilocytotic changes for the HPV association as a marker for risk prediction in cases of oral leukoplakia is controversial and needs to be investigated on a large scale basis and follow up for a longer duration.
DeepCham: Collaborative Edge-Mediated Adaptive Deep Learning for Mobile Object Recognition (2016)

Deep learning techniques achieve state-of-the-art performance on many computer vision related tasks, e.g. large-scale object recognition. In this paper we show that recognition accuracy degrades when used in daily mobile scenarios due to context variations caused by different locations, time of a day, etc. To solve this problem, we present DeepCham - the first adaptive mobile object recognition framework that allows deep learning techniques to be used successfully in mobile environments. Specifically, DeepCham is mediated by an edge master server which coordinates with participating mobile users to collaboratively train a domain-aware adaptation model which can yield much better object recognition accuracy when used together with a domain-constrained deep model. DeepCham generates high-quality domain-aware training instances for adaptation from in-situ mobile photos using two major steps: (i) a distributed algorithm which identifies qualifying images stored in each mobile device for training, (ii) a user labeling process for recognizable objects identified from qualifying images using suggestions automatically generated by a generic deep model. Using a newly collected dataset with smartphone images collected from different locations, time of a day, and device types, we show that DeepCham improves the object recognition accuracy by 150% when compared to that achieved merely using a generic deep model. In addition, we investigated how major design factors affect the performance of DeepCham. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of DeepCham using an implemented prototype.
Introduction and Overview (1992)

Agriculture is the main source of income of the world’s poor. The greatest numbers of poor people, including the very poorest, live in the rural areas. It is not surprising that their livelihoods are linked to the efficiency and productivity of agriculture, whether or not they derive their incomes directly from it (World Bank, 1990).
Estimation of the Scatterer Distribution of the Cirrhotic Liver using Ultrasonic Image (1998)

In the B-mode image of the liver obtained by an ultrasonic imaging system, the speckled pattern changes with the progression of the disease such as liver cirrhosis. In this paper we present the statistical characteristics of the echo envelope of the liver, and the technique to extract information of the scatterer distribution from the normal and cirrhotic liver images using constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processing. We analyze the relationship between the extracted scatterer distribution and the stage of liver cirrhosis. The ratio of the area in which the amplitude of the processing signal is more than the threshold to the entire processed image area is related quantitatively to the stage of liver cirrhosis. It is found that the proposed technique is valid for the quantitative diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.
Reduction of residual noise using directional median filter (2011)

Most of speech enhancement systems suffer from annoying musical residual noise which significantly reduces the perception quality of enhanced speech. In this study, we aim at reducing the musical residual noise by a two-stage speech enhancement approach. At the first stage, a noisy speech signal is enhanced by a three-step speech enhancement system which is constituted of two-step noise reduction algorithm and Virag method. Hence the enhanced speech signal is post-processed by a directional-median filter to significantly reduce the amount of residual noise, while the harmonic spectra can be well maintained at an acceptable level. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of a speech enhancement system by reducing the quantity of residual noise.
Rayleigh-taylor instability: Numerical simulation and experiment (1992)

Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability at the pusher-fuel interface in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets may significantly degrade the thermonuclear burn. Direct three dimensional numerical simulation and experiments are used to investigate turbulent mixing due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability in simple situations. The results obtained help to construct a two-dimensional turbulence model which may be used to assess the combined effect of implosion asymmetry and small-scale turbulent mixing in ICF targets.
Relative immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens as targets for cytotoxic T-cell response. (1993)

To analyse the immunological mechanism of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the immunoreactivity of HBV-encoded antigens as a target for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was examined using recombinant vaccinia virus (RVV) expressing surface protein (S), precore/core protein (PC), and core protein (C) of HBV. C3H/He mice (H-2k) were inoculated with each RVV. Their spleen cells were then harvested and stimulated in vitro with the histocompatible transfectant, which stably expressed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), and used as effectors. As the targets, L cells (H-2k) infected with individual RVV were used. Cytotoxic test was performed with various combinations and ratios of effectors and targets. The reactivity of PC-primed effectors against PC-expressing targets was greatest with 71.4% specific lysis on average at an effector/target ratio of 12.5:1 among all the combinations. C-primed effectors against C-expressing target also revealed rather high cytotoxicity (specific lysis, 40.6% at an E/T ratio of 12.5:1). Furthermore, PC-primed and C-primed effectors showed a cross-reactivity to the targets expressing other nucleocapsid antigen, respectively. S-primed effectors showed less lytic activity against S-expressing targets (specific lysis, 18.4% at an E/T ratio of 12.5:1). The CTL responses were blocked by anti-CD8 and anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antibodies, but not by anti-CD4 or anti-MHC class II. These findings suggest that endogenously synthesized nucleocapsid antigen, especially PC, is a dominant target for the MHC class I-restricted CTL in H-2k mice and that this system may work as an efficient model to study immunopathogenesis of HBV infection.
From BCJR to turbo decoding: MAP algorithms made easier (2004)

In 1974 Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek and Raviv published the decoding algorithm based on a posteriori probabilities later on known as the BCJR, Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) or forward-backward algorithm. The procedure can be applied to block or convolutional codes but, as it is more complex than the Viterbi algorithm, during about 20 years it was not used in practical implementations. The situation was dramatically changed with the advent of turbo codes in 1993. Their inventors, Berrou, Glavieux and Thithimajshima, used a modified version of the BCJR algorithm, which has reborn vigorously that way. There are several simplified versions of the MAP algorithm, namely the log-MAP and the max-log-MAP algorithms. The purpose of this tutorial text is to clearly show, without intermediate calculations, how all these algorithms work and are applied to turbo decoding. A complete worked out example is presented to illustrate the procedures. Theoretical details can be found in the Appendix.
<i>Response</i> : Naloxone and Ischemic Neurologic Deficits in the Gerbil: Is There an Effect? (1982)

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A brief survey of current work on network attached peripherals (extended abstract) (1996)

Work on network-attached peripherals (NAPs) can be divided into essentially three areas --- device interfaces and protocols, multimedia use and mass storage use. This paper is an extended abstract reviewing some of the current work and provides references and WWW pointers to many of the projects. The impact of this technological advance on operating systems is discussed. The primary purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding of the advantages and pitfalls of NAPs and encourage further research in the design and use of network-attached peripherals and NAP-capable systems. An expanded form of this document is available on the web or from the author.