gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiview-based computer-aided detection scheme for breast masses (2006)

In this study, we developed and tested a new multiview-based computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme that aims to maintain the same case-based sensitivity level as a single-image-based scheme while substantially increasing the number of masses being detected on both ipsilateral views. An image database of 450 four-view examinations (1800 images) was assembled. In this database, 250 cases depicted malignant masses, of which 236 masses were visible on both views and 14 masses were visible only on one view. First, we detected suspected mass regions depicted on each image in the database using a single-image-based CAD. For each identified region (with detection score > or = 0.55), we then identified a matching strip of interest on the ipsilateral view based on the projected distance to the nipple along the centerline. By lowering CAD operating threshold inside the matching strip, we searched for a region located inside the strip and paired it with the original region. A multifeature-based artificial neural network scored the likelihood of the paired "matched" regions representing true-positive masses. All single (unmatched) regions except for those either with very high detection scores (> or = 0.85) or those located near the chest wall that cannot be matched on the other view were discarded. The original single-image-based CAD scheme detected 186 masses (74.4% case-based sensitivity) and 593 false-positive regions. Of the 186 identified masses, 91 were detected on two views (48.9%) and 95 were detected only on one view (51.1%). Of the false-positive detections, 54 were paired on the ipsilateral view inside the corresponding matching strips and the remaining 485 were not, which represented 539 case-based false-positive detections (0.3 per image). Applying the multiview-based CAD scheme, the same case-based sensitivity was maintained while cueing 169 of 186 masses (90.9%) on both views and at the same time reducing the case-based false-positive detection rate by 23.7% (from 539 to 411). The study demonstrated that the new multiview-based CAD scheme could substantially increase the number of masses being cued on two ipsilateral views while reducing the case-based false-positive detection rate.
Hepatocyte Transplantation: Cell Sheet Technology for Liver Cell Transplantation (2017)

Tissue engineering using cell sheet technology provides the opportunity to create new therapeutic options for patients with various types of liver diseases.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T cell activation through nitrating LCK in mouse cancers (2018)

Potent immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment contribute to the resistance of aggressive human cancers to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. One of the main mechanisms for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to induce T cell tolerance is through secretion of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which nitrates tyrosine residues in proteins involved in T cell function. However, so far very few nitrated proteins have been identified. Here, using a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer and a syngeneic cell line model of lung cancer, we applied a nitroproteomic approach based on chemical derivation of 3-nitrotyrosine and identified that lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), an initiating tyrosine kinase in the T cell receptor signaling cascade, is nitrated at Tyr394 by MDSCs. LCK nitration inhibits T cell activation, leading to reduced interleukin 2 (IL2) production and proliferation. In human T cells with defective endogenous LCK, wild type, but not nitrated LCK, rescues IL2 production. In the mouse model of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by prostate-specific deletion of <i>Pten</i>, <i>p53</i>, and <i>Smad4</i>, CRPC is resistant to an ICB therapy composed of antiprogrammed cell death 1 (PD1) and anticytotoxic-T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) antibodies. However, we showed that ICB elicits strong anti-CRPC efficacy when combined with an RNS neutralizing agent. Together, these data identify a previously unknown mechanism of T cell inactivation by MDSC-induced protein nitration and illuminate a clinical path hypothesis for combining ICB with RNS-reducing agents in the treatment of CRPC.
Characterization of the humoral response induced by a peptide corresponding to variable domain IV of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E (1992)

A 30-amino-acid peptide corresponding to variable domain IV (VD IV) of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used to immunize mice. The resulting antisera (anti-KLH-VD IV sera) recognized all 15 serovars of C. trachomatis when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Probing of overlapping hexameric peptides representing VD IV with mouse anti-KLH-VD IV sera revealed that two main regions of the peptide were recognized by the antisera, the N terminus of the peptide, which contains B-complex-specific epitopes, and the middle region of the peptide, which contains a species-conserved domain. When used in an in vitro neutralization assay, these antisera were able to neutralize mainly serovars in the B complex. These data provide evidence that a linear peptide corresponding to VD IV can induce in vitro protection from C. trachomatis infectivity that is subspecies specific.
Polymer waveguide optical switch with <–40 dB polarisation independent crosstalk (1996)

A polymer waveguide thermooptic (2×2) switch is reported. It exhibits very low polarisation independent crosstalk of <–40 dB for either switching state with only 3 mW (‘cross’ state) and 20 mW (‘bar’ state) electrical power consumption at λ = 1.55 µm. Based on this switching element, a (4×4) switching matrix with a crosstalk of <–30 dB was fabricated.
Rapid Identification of Yeasts in Positive Blood Cultures by a Multiplex PCR Method (2001)

Yeasts are emerging as important etiological agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections. A multiplex PCR method was developed to rapidly identify clinically important yeasts that cause fungemia. The method amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region between the 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes and a specific DNA fragment within the ITS2 region of Candida albicans. With this method, C. albicans produced two amplicons, whereas other species produced only one. Through sequence analysis, the precise lengths of the PCR products were found to be as follows: C. glabrata (482 or 483 bp), C. guilliermondii (248 bp), C. parapsilosis (229 bp), C. albicans (218 or 219 and 110 bp), C. tropicalis (218 bp), Cryptococcus neoformans (201 bp), and C. krusei (182 bp). The PCR products could be effectively separated by disk polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method was used to test 249 positive blood cultures (255 isolates), from which the following species (strain number) were isolated: C. albicans (128), C. tropicalis (51), C. glabrata (28), C. parapsilosis (23), C. neoformans (9), C. krusei (5), C. guilliermondii (3), and other, minor species (8). The test sensitivity of the method was 96.9% (247 of 255 isolates). The eight minor species were either misidentified (one strain) or not identified (seven strains). From the time at which a positive bottle was found, the multiplex PCR could be completed within 8 h; the present method is simpler than any previously reported molecular method for the identification of blood yeasts.
Single Recessive Gene for Multiple Flowering in Summer Squash (2010)

Most summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L., produce one flower bud per leaf axil, whereas some genotypes can produce two or more. The former genotypes are referred to as single-flowering, whereas the latter are referred to as multiple-flowering. The objective was to determine the mode of inheritance of multiple flowering. The zucchini ‘True French’, which is single-flowering, was crossed with Accession 1777, a nearly isogenic line of this cultivar, which is multiple-flowering. Parental, filial, and back-cross plants were grown in pots in the greenhouse and each of their first 15 leaf axils was scored for the number of flower buds. Nearly all F 1 plants, regardless of the direction of the cross, and plants resulting from back-crossing to ‘True French’ were single-flowering. Approximately one-fourth of the F 2 plants, regardless of the direction of the cross, and half of the plants of the back-cross to 1777 produced two flowers at one or more leaf axils. These results indicate that the ability to produce more than one flower per axil is conferred by a single recessive gene, herewith designated multiple flowering , symbol mf .
Infections of the central nervous system (2012)

Abstract Chapter 28 discusses infections of the central nervous system, which include meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscess. These can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa; however, bacterial and viral causes predominate. Infection is generally acquired from an exogenous source and spreads to the central nervous system via the bloodstream. Penetrating injuries and trauma, including neurological procedures can be complicated by infection. In the case of brain abscess, bloodstream or spread from adjacent infected sites (middle ear, sinuses) are also important. All infections of the central nervous system are serious. Many infections, notably meningitis and brain abscess, will prove fatal unless diagnosed and treated promptly.
Electromagnetic scattering by an object buried in soil (1998)

This paper investigates the scattering of electromagnetic waves by an object buried in soil. We use the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to compute the scattered electric fields and power density on the soil surface, in the soil around the object, and in the object We consider a dielectric object, a metallic object, as well as a dielectric object with a thin metallic pin. We determine the effect of various parameters including the incident wave frequency, the object depth, the object dielectric properties, and the soil dielectric properties, on the scattered fields at various locations.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Modified Inorganic Polymers ‐ Precursors for the Synthesis of Multicomponent Ceramics (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) as sustainable feedstock for polyurethane production (2013)

A dream comes true: tailor-made polyethercarbonate polyols are synthesised from propylene oxide and CO2. Molecular weight and functionality of these polyethercarbonate polyols are controlled by the use of an appropriate alcohol starter enabling innovative applications as a polymer building block. Interestingly, the properties of the polyethercarbonate polyols can be adjusted in a wide range by tuning CO2 content and architecture. The feasibility of using such tailored polyethercarbonate polyols in the production of polyurethanes is demonstrated as a prime example for a novel CO2 utilization with industrial potential.
Adaptive optimal valve control for a resonance fluid actuator (2009)

In this article, an optimal control scheme for a piezo- hydraulic actuator exploiting resonance effects is presented. The proposed actuator relies its operation on the significant pressure built up in a fluid pipe during resonance. The actuator's piston houses a valve which rectifies the wave's motion into direct mechanical motion. The discretization of the partial differential equation from the compressible Navier - Stokes equations that captures the fluid - wave propagation leads to a state space description suitable for the development of control algorithms. The valve and piezo dynamics can be embedded in this model for examining the overall performance of the actuator. An optimal controller is designed to maximize the differential pressure across the piston leading to a bang-bang type of control input. The phase and pulse width of the control effort are adjusted based on an adaptive scheme using the gradient of the cost function. Simulation studies are offered for verifying the actuator's principle of operation. In comparison to a passive valve configuration this scheme offers a significant improvement measured by the generated blocking forces.
A self adaptive programming method with 5 mV accuracy for multi-level storage in FLASH (2003)

The presented multi-level storage memory system uses a self-adaptive method that improves the cell model with each successive program cycle, and accommodates cell variations and noise. An accuracy of 5 mV is achieved within eight cycles, which total 125 /spl mu/s. Algorithm control circuits occupy 1 mm/sup 2/ of area in a 0.5 /spl mu/m SSI FLASH process.
Bioresorbable Airway Splint Created with a Three-Dimensional Printer (2013)

anatomically specific for a given patient.
Synthesis of graft copolymers with polyamide grafts (1978)

Abstract Graft copolymers with polybutyramide (nylon‐4) grafts onto a polystyrene backbone were synthesized by reacting 2‐pyrrolidone, in the presence of some of its potassium salt, with a backbone chain fitted with randomly distributed acyllactam sites, which act as “promoters”. To achieve the same goal with a polyisoprene backbone the latter was first treated with some iodo isocyanate, and reacted thereafter with 2‐pyrrolidone. In the first case the samples obtained are the expected graft copolymers, whereas in the second case side reactions lead to crosslinks. It is noteworthy that the rate of 2‐pyrrolidone polymerization is increased when some salt (like KI) is present.
NOTES: The Cross-Sectional Area of Objects in a Hat Box (1970)

First Page
A mobile augmented reality game design approach for on product advertising (2015)

Despite AR's growing adaptation in marketing, very few studies have been found to evaluate its effectiveness in getting user acceptance. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a mobile Augmented Reality (AR) advertising application as a marketing strategy. A survey study had been carried out in order to investigate the potential of mobile AR games based application in marketing aspects. The application itself was assessed for the ease of use in playing with the games and user acceptance on the implementation of AR technology. Results showed that using AR application can encourage customers to visit the company's website. It also showed that the games are easy to play and able to encourage customers to buy the product again, in this case chocolate bar in order to get different types of games. This initial study showed that AR based applications could promote the sales performance of the product.
Energetics of bond-centered hydrogen in strained Si-Si bonds (1995)

The energetics of hydrogen incorporation into strained Si-Si bonds are examined using first-principles density-functional-pseudopotential calculations. It is found that an increase in the bond length of the initial Si-Si bond leads to a lower formation energy for the Si-H-Si configuration. A simple linear relationship, describing the change in formation energy as a function of the Si-Si bond length, is presented, which applies to bond-stretching as well as bond-bending distortions. The results are discussed in the context of hydrogen interaction with grain boundaries in polycrystalline silicon.
Describing Structure and Semantics of Graphs Using an RDF Vocabulary (2001)

The RDF Graph Modeling Language (RGML) is a W3C RDF vocabulary to describe graph structures, including semantic information associated with a graph. Viewing general graphs as Web resources, RGML defines graph, node, and edge as RDF classes and attributes of graphs (such as label and weight) as RDF properties. Some of these RDF properties establish relationships between graph, node, and edge instances. RDF Statements about graph elements involve subjects, predicates and objects. Subjects and predicates are RDF Resources, while objects are either RDF Resources or RDF Literals. RGML uses the XML Schema datatypes for RDF Literals. RGML can be easily combined with other RDF vocabularies, for example, to add Dublin Core properties. RGML is very useful for describing webgraphs (the structure of a web site), web collections, and sitemaps.
ChemInform Abstract: Decker Oxidation of 2‐Substituted N‐Alkylpyridinium Compounds. (1986)

Abstract Oxocy‐ cloalkenopyridinium‐Salze wie (Ia), (Ib) werden in NaOH spontan zu Betainen wie (II) hydrolysiert, die durch K 3 Fe(CN) 6 in guter Ausb. zu Gemischen von isomeren Carbonsäuren wie (III) und (IV) umgesetzt werden.
다언어 학습 시스템을 통한 웹 기반 한국어 교육 프로그램 -동경외국어대학 『TUFS 언어모듈』 개발 사례를 중심으로- (2006)

This study introduces the principles of the development and characteristics of the structure of TUFS Language a multilingual learning system developed by the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, and analyzes the peculiarities and utilities of the Korean Language Program. TUFS Language Modules have been developed for 17 languages, and each module for the 17 languages consists of Pronunciation Modules, Modules, Grammar Modules, and Vocabulary Modules. TUFS Language Modules adopted a cross-lingual functional syllabus for the Dialogue Module which is composed of 40 functions for each of the 17 target languages. The analysis of Korean program in TUFS Language Modules can be summarized as follows: First, the Korean Language Program in the multilingual learning system induces learners` learning motivation and enables the learners to study Korean from the point of view of contrastive linguistics. Second, the modular concept which is the principle of its development maximizes the effect of web-based materials, and allows learners to do autonomous leaning. Third, it makes it possible for learners to participate in active learning by providing learning models on the web. (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)
Web-based remote monitoring and control for process plants (2005)

There is a great deal of benefits for process plants to adopt the Internet to control systems. This contribution develops the systematic design methods for the design of remote monitoring and control over the Internet. In this paper, five essential design issues that arise from Web-related features of Internet-based remote control have been investigated: communication latency, network communication architecture, optimal control structure, Web-based user interface, and security aspects. Uniquely, novel network communication architecture and optimal control structure with time-delay compensator are implemented to deal with dynamic delays caused by the Internet traffic. A water tank control systems is used to demonstrate our design objective. The experimental results show that remote control systems over the Internet for the water tank can achieve ideal dynamic performance even in the presence of some Internet traffic delay if properly designed.
Automated software control (1977)

A time sharing system to provide development and quality assurance personnel a means of tracking the progress of software changes through the release cycle and to produce core image files for testing and release. The system consists of a command language, index sequential data base, assembler, binder and loader. The data base records those interrelations necessary to produce software systems from symbolic updates to source modules. It provides the developer a core image for testing that represents the appropriate quality level and current changes, and software control the means of constructing a release limited to those functions specified in the product schedule.
Laser Balloon Angioplasty: Theory And Techniques (1987)

Balloon angioplasty, while generally successful as a revascularization procedure, has the major drawbacks of abrupt reclosure and chronic restenosis. These problems may be related, at least in part, to a large thrombogenic surface and to abnormal blood flow patterns caused by disrupted vessel wall elements impinging on the lumen following angioplasty. Laser balloon angioplasty (LBA), a method whereby the vessel wall is heated during balloon inflation by a Nd-YAG laser coupled to an optical fiber terminating within the balloon, may help overcome these problems. The major effects of LBA appear to be a welding back of dissected flaps, reduction of the elastic recoil of the vessel wall, and destruction of smooth muscle cells within the wall, so that their exuberant cellular response to angioplasty is less likely to occur.
Amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of bovine type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (1984)

Evidence is presented that establishes the amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Complementary sets of overlapping peptides were generated primarily by tryptic digestion and by chemical cleavage at methionyl residues. The analysis was augmented by chemical cleavage at a single tryptophanyl residue and at three of the four aspartyl-proline bonds. Several large fragments generated by limited proteolysis contributed to the proof of structure. The subunit is a single chain of 400 residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 45 004. An amino-terminal segment of about 100 residues is believed to include the region responsible for oligomeric association. The remainder of the molecule consists of two tandem homologous domains, each of which is thought to bind a single molecule of cAMP. Comparison of the three domains with corresponding regions of the type I isozyme, of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein, and of cGMP-dependent protein kinase indicates extensive regions of homology and as much as 50% identity with the sequence of an internal segment of the type I isozyme.
RETRACTED: Schisandrin B Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Gallbladder Cancer Cells (2014)

Gallbladder cancer, with high aggressivity and extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the bile duct. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on gallbladder cancer cells and identify the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. We showed that Sch B inhibited the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose-, time -dependent manner through MTT and colony formation assays, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a dose-dependent manner through flow cytometry. Flow cytometry assays also revealed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in GBC-SD and NOZ cells. Western blot analysis of Sch B-treated cells revealed the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK-4. Moreover, this drug also inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice carrying subcutaneous NOZ tumor xenografts. These data demonstrated that Sch B induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.