gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Alleles of the Gene Encoding Surface Antigen P22 in 25 Strains of Toxoplasma gondii (1994)

A group of 25 strains of Toxoplasma gondii (4 mouse-virulent strains and 21 mouse-avirulent strains) were tested by immunoblot with 4 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against surface antigen P22. Parasite lysates from only 12 strains were recognized by all 4 MAbs, while lysates from the remaining 13 strains (all avirulent) were not recognized by any of the 4 MAbs. Strains not recognized by the 4 MAbs were found to express an altered form of the P22 antigen. Sequencing of the P22 genes from 10 strains revealed only 2 alleles. One allele is identical to the gene from the virulent RH strain. The second allele carries 5 single nucleotide substitutions and an insertion of a GGT triplet when compared to the allele from the RH strain. Four of the 5 nucleotide changes result in amino acid substitutions and the triplet insertion results in an extra glycine residue. Four of the single base changes also result in restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). RFLP analysis of the P22 gene revealed only 2 patterns among the 25 strains. The allele of the P22 gene correlated with reactivity of the 4 MAbs to lysates of each strain. However, the allele of the P22 gene did not correlate with the virulence of each strain for mice.
Bromination of Norbornene: the Question of Bromonium Ions <i>vs</i>. 6,1-Hydride Shift (1971)

The reaction of norbornene (1) with bromine has been re-investigated and found to give in addition to bromonortricyclene (2) and 2-exo-bromonorbornane (20) a complex mixture of dibromides of which five (15–19) have been isolated and identified. These dibromides have been found to be kinetically controlled products of ionic addition. Apparently dibromide 15 is also formed to some extent in carbon tetrachloride by a radical mechanism. The product composition from the bromine addition has been compared with that of the analogous chlorination and bromofluorination reactions. Degradation of the 2-exo,3-endo-dibromonorbornane from bromination of 5,6- 14 C-norbornene has shown that this dibromide is formed by two ionic routes: (a) from a bromonium ion 14 (or its equivalent), and (b) from the cation 12 formed by 6,1-hydride shift. Improvements have been made in the first and final steps of the standard norbornene degradation method.
Low-Complexity Welch Power Spectral Density Computation (2013)

This paper presents a low-complexity algorithm and architecture to compute power spectral density (PSD) using the Welch method. The Welch algorithm provides a good estimate of the spectral power at the cost of high computational complexity. We propose a new modified approach to reduce the computational complexity of the Welch PSD computation for a 50% overlap. In the proposed approach, an N/2-point FFT is computed, where N is the length of the window and is merged with the FFT of the previous N/2-point to generate an N-point FFT of the overlapped segment. This requires replacing the windowing operation as a convolution in the frequency domain. Fortunately, the frequency-domain filtering requires a symmetric 3-tap or 5-tap FIR filter for raised cosine windows. The proposed method needs to compute ( L+1) N/2-point FFTs instead of L N-point FFTs, where L is the number of overlapping segments. In the proposed novel merged FFT approach, the even samples are computed exactly, while the odd samples require a shift by a half-sample delay and are estimated using a bidirectional fractional-delay filter. The complexity reduction comes at the cost of slight performance loss due to the approximation used for the implementation of the fractional-delay filter. The performance loss is about 8% using fractional-delay filter with 2 multipliers. A novel architecture is presented based on the proposed algorithm. The proposed architecture not only consumes 33% less energy compared to the original method but also reduces the latency by about 44% for 8 overlapping segments. Further a low-complexity architecture is presented to compute a special case of the short-time Fourier transform based on the proposed PSD computation algorithm.
Elevated Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) during Pregnancy and Risk of Postpartum Depression (PPD) (2010)

Higher midpregnancy pCRH was not associated with an increased risk of PND or PPD.
A web-based tool for principal component and significance analysis of microarray data (2005)

The tool can be used on-line or downloaded at http://lgsun.grc.nia.nih.gov/ANOVA/
Labile proteins accumulated in damaged hair upon permanent waving and bleaching treatments. (2003)

We previously found that certain hair proteins were soluble by means of a partial extraction method. In this study, we demonstrate that the amount of soluble proteins internally formed in permed and bleached hair, labile proteins, is a useful index for hair damage assessment. Compared to tensile property changes, this index rose in widely dynamic ranges as the time of either permanent waving or bleaching treatments increased. The amount of labile proteins was much larger than that of proteins eluted into perming and bleaching lotions. However, the labile proteins showed electrophoretic profiles similar to those of the eluted proteins. These results suggest that a portion of the stable proteins in normal hair was transformed into labile proteins upon permanent waving and bleaching treatments. Consequently, permed and bleached hair tends to release the resultant labile proteins.
MWCNT/Nafion/Lead Ionophore Modified Electrode for The Detection of Trace Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Coastal Seawater (2021)

Abstract Lead ions in coastal seawater will be enriched in marine organisms, further to endanger human health, so it is essential to conduct detection with high-sensitivity and high-selectivity for lead ions concentration in seawater. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/Nafion/lead ionophore electrode modification materials have been prepared therefore to obtain modified glassy carbon electrodes by a coating method. In order to define trace levels of Pb 2+ , differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was used. Moreover, the experimental conditions i.e. accumulation potential, concentration, pH, accumulation time were in optimized condition. Thereby, results show that the peak current which was obtained in the range of 3~100 μg·L − 1 for Pb 2+ have a linear relationship with concentration corresponded, with the detection limits of 1.2 μg·L − 1 for Pb 2+ . The modified electrode was used to determine the Pb 2+ content in the coastal seawater of the Maowei Sea, and the recovery rate was between 90.4%~104.7%, which provided a novel approach of detection to define trace Pb 2+ in seawater.
A Novel Precise Step-Shaped Soft-Start Technique for Integrated DC-DC Converter (2007)

The advantages of this novel precise step-shaped soft- start technique for integrated dc-dc converter are not only owning excellent constant peak current limiting capacity for any load conditions to diminish initial inrush current powerfully but also solving the over-voltage or drop-voltage problem during the changing between the start-up mode and normal operation. Furthermore, the on-chip design for this technology reduces the numbers of the external I/O pin to decrease the cost of the converter. Therefore, this novel soft-start technique is more available and smoother for integrated dc-dc converter than the conventional soft-start technique.
Adaptive arrays in airborne MTI radar (1976)

The ability of an AMTI (airborn moving target indication) radar to reject clutter is often seriously degraded by the motion of the radar. An adaptive receiving array can compensate for platform motion and provide excellent AMTI performance. Scattering from aircraft structure can also distort antenna patterns and reduce AMTI capability. The technique described here can adapt the element weights to compensate for near-field scatterers and element excitation errors. Another important advantage is the ability to null out discrete active interference sources without significantly degrading AMTI performance.
Broadband hybrid organic/CuInSe<sub>2</sub> quantum dot photodetectors (2018)

A broadband hybrid photodetector was obtained by combining the ultraviolet detection of spiro-OMeTAD and near-infrared detection of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> QDs.
From networked control systems to cloud control systems (2012)

The concept of cloud control systems is discussed in this paper, which is an extension of networked control systems (NCSs). With the development of Internet of Things (IOT), the technology of NCSs has played a key role in IOT. At the same, cloud computing is developed rapidly, which provides a perfect platform for huge mass data processing, controller design and performance assessment. Cloud control will give new contribution to the control theory and applications in the near future.
Auto-locating and fix-propagating for HTML validation errors to PHP server-side code (2011)

Checking/correcting HTML validation errors in Web pages is helpful for Web developers in finding/fixing bugs. However, existing validating/fixing tools work well only on static HTML pages and do not help fix the corresponding server code if validation errors are found in HTML pages, due to several challenges with dynamically generated pages in Web development. We propose PhpSync, a novel automatic locating/fixing tool for HTML validation errors in PHP-based Web applications. Given an HTML page produced by a server-side PHP program, PhpSync uses Tidy, an HTML validating/correcting tool to find the validation errors in that HTML page. If errors are detected, it leverages the fixes from Tidy in the given HTML page and propagates them to the corresponding location(s) in PHP code. Our core solutions include 1) a symbolic execution algorithm on the given PHP program to produce a single tree-based model, called D-model, which approximately represents its possible client page outputs, 2) an algorithm mapping any text in the given HTML page to the text(s) in the node(s) of the D-model and then to the PHP code, and 3) a fix-propagating algorithm from the fixes in the HTML page to the PHP code via the D-model and the mapping algorithm. Our empirical evaluation shows that on average, PhpSync achieves 96.7% accuracy in locating the corresponding locations in PHP code from client pages, and 95% accuracy in propagating the fixes to the server-side code.
Nitric oxide synthase activity and progesterone release by isolated corpora lutea of rabbits in the early and mid-luteal phases of pseudopregnancy are modulated differently by prostaglandin E-2 and prostaglandin F-2alpha via adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C (2000)

By examining in vitro the effects of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) and prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF-2alpha) induced in the corpora lutea (CL) of pseudopregnant rabbits, we have demonstrated that these prostaglandins modulate luteal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and progesterone production differently, depending on the age of the CL. On CL obtained on day 4 of pseudopregnancy (day-4), PGE-2 was found to depress NOS total activity to 13% of control and to significantly increase basal progesterone secretion by 61%, while PGF-2alpha had no effect. On day-9 CL, PGE-2 was ineffective, but PGF-2alpha caused a 2.5-fold increase of NOS activity and a marked decrease in progesterone production. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the regulatory actions of PGE-2 in vitro are mediated via the adenyl cyclase/protein kinase A (PKA) second messenger system, while the PGF-2alpha-induced luteolytic effects on day-9 CL depend upon activation of the phospholipase C/protein kinase C (PKC) system. The different responsiveness of day-4 and day-9 CL to PGE-2 and PGF-2alpha could depend on receptor availability for these two prostaglandins, even if other cellular mechanisms cannot be excluded. The present study supports a functional role for NOS in regulating the steroidogenic capacity of rabbit CL, and reveals a novel interaction between a stimulatory G-protein-coupled receptor and PKC/PKA-mediated signal transduction modulating NOS activity.
AFM13: a first-in-class tetravalent bispecific anti-CD30/CD16A antibody for NK cell-mediated immunotherapy (2015)

Monoclonal antibodies against CD20 molecule have been leading the revolution of lymphoma treatment. In addition to monoclonal antibodies against CD20 and CD30, novel agents of immunotherapeutics in clinical development are being developed and are rapidly migrating to clinical application. One area of active development is NK cell activators, such as AFM13. This review will highlight the latest development of AFM13 as the first-in-class tetravalent bispecific anti-CD30/CD16A antibody for NK cell-mediated immunotherapy.
Far UV-C radiation: An emerging tool for pandemic control (2022)

Far UV-C, informally defined as electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 230 nm, has characteristics that are well-suited to control of airborne pathogens. Specifically, Far UV-C has been shown to be highly effective for inactivation of airborne pathogens; yet this same radiation has minimal potential to cause damage to human skin and eye tissues. Critically, unlike UV-B, Far UV-C radiation does not substantially penetrate the dead cell layer of skin (stratum corneum) and does not reach germinative cells in the basal layer. Similarly, Far UV-C radiation does not substantially penetrate through corneal epithelium of the eye, thereby preventing exposure of germinative cells within the eye. The most common source of Far UV-C radiation is the krypton chloride excimer (KrCl*) lamp, which has a primary emission centered at 222 nm. Ozone production from KrCl* lamps is modest, such that control of indoor ozone from these systems can be accomplished easily using conventional ventilation systems. This set of characteristics offers the potential for Far UV-C devices to be used in occupied spaces, thereby allowing for improved effectiveness for inactivation of airborne pathogens, including those that are responsible for COVID-19.
Toward the domestication of microelectronics (1985)

The great challenge for computer science in this decade is to make computers usable by everyone. Computers, long viewed as a dehumanizing force, will become the most powerful means of personal creative expression and communication ever known.
High-throughput identification of protein localization dependency networks (2010)

Bacterial cells are highly organized with many protein complexes and DNA loci dynamically positioned to distinct subcellular sites over the course of a cell cycle. Such dynamic protein localization is essential for polar organelle development, establishment of asymmetry, and chromosome replication during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle. We used a fluorescence microscopy screen optimized for high-throughput to find strains with anomalous temporal or spatial protein localization patterns in transposon-generated mutant libraries. Automated image acquisition and analysis allowed us to identify genes that affect the localization of two polar cell cycle histidine kinases, PleC and DivJ, and the pole-specific pili protein CpaE, each tagged with a different fluorescent marker in a single strain. Four metrics characterizing the observed localization patterns of each of the three labeled proteins were extracted for hundreds of cell images from each of 854 mapped mutant strains. Using cluster analysis of the resulting set of 12-element vectors for each of these strains, we identified 52 strains with mutations that affected the localization pattern of the three tagged proteins. This information, combined with quantitative localization data from epitasis experiments, also identified all previously known proteins affecting such localization. These studies provide insights into factors affecting the PleC/DivJ localization network and into regulatory links between the localization of the pili assembly protein CpaE and the kinase localization pathway. Our high-throughput screening methodology can be adapted readily to any sequenced bacterial species, opening the potential for databases of localization regulatory networks across species, and investigation of localization network phylogenies.
Sodium Borohydride as a Reducing Agent for Preparing Ninhydrin Reagent for Amino Acid Analysis (1978)

Sodium borohydride, in place of stannous chloride or titanous chloride, is effective in the preparation of the ninhydrin reagent for automated amino acid analysis. The reagent, coupled with dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, a very stable ninhydrin solution which did not form precipitates in the flow lines of the analyzer.
Lotus LADM Based Self-Decontaminating Surfaces (2007)

Recent events have lead to new concerns about biowarfare, bioterrorism, chemical warfare and chemical terrorism. Because of the potential range of agents that could be used, a non-specific decontamination system is desirable. Of particular interest are materials whose surfaces have been modified to be self-decontaminating and self-regenerating. Other beneficial attributes are that the surfaces be self-cleaning and very light weight. We have developed superhydrophobic coating materials. We have also developed Light Activated Decontamination Materials, LADM, that produce singlet oxygen. In addition novel sporicidal compounds were synthesized having thiolate functionality. Our approach simultaneously addresses surface modification, self-cleaning, and sporicide. To form our LADM coatings, a scaffold polymer was bonded to the surface of fibers. Then photo-active agents were grafted to this scaffold polymer. This increased the available photo-active agents >1000 fold. These photo-active agents absorb visible light and transfer the energy to oxygen in the air to generate singlet oxygen, which has been shown to destroy chemical and biological agents. Singlet oxygen was also expected to destroy spores. Self-cleaning surfaces rely on the Lotus effect in which water is suspended upon a hydrophobic surface with air gaps between different segments of the hydrophobic material. The droplet is supported on the raised portions with air gaps below large portions of the droplet. To render the surface superhydrophobic, or self-cleaning, we bonded short fibers to the surface through flocking. By controlling the flocking process, we could control the fiber height and spacing. These two factors have been shown to be important to generating the Lotus effect. This was not be sufficient to render the surface superhydrophobic. However, by modifying the surface further with fluorochemical or long chain alkanes, we were able to convert the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic.
Diode Laser-Driven Microthrusters: A New Departure for Micropropulsion (2002)

We developed an entirely new type of orientation thruster for micro- and nanosatellites. The laser plasma thruster is based on the recent commercial availability of diode lasers with sufficient brightness and 100 % duty cycle to produce a repetitively pulsed or continuous vapor or plasma jet on a surface in vacuum. A low-voltage semiconductor switch can drive the laser. A lens focuses the laser diode output on the ablation target, producing a miniature jet that provides the thrust. Single-impulse dynamic range is nearly five orders of magnitude, and the minimum impulse bit is 1 nN/s in a 100-„s pulse. Even with diffraction-limited focusing optics, at least 0.5-W optical power is needed to produce thrust from selected ablator materials. Thrust-to-power ratio Cm is 50 to 100 „N/W and specific impulse Isp is 200–500 s with a 1-W laser, depending partially on the illumination mode. Transmission and reflection (R) illumination modes are discussed. R mode gives about 50 % better Isp and two times better Cm. Improved results are anticipated from higher laser power in the reflection mode. The prototype engine we are developing is intended to provide lifetime on-orbit steering for a 5-kg satellite, as well as reentering it from low Earth orbit. Nomenclature A = area of output facet B = beam brightness, Wm¡2 sterrad¡1
Speech processing systems (1964)

Upcoming systems — analyzing, code converting, and synthesizing speech sounds — will revolutionize communication both between individuals and between machines
Tachykinin regulation of basal synovial blood flow (1997)

1. Experiments were performed to investigate the role of endogenously released tachykinins in the regulation of blood flow to the rat knee joint. Synovial perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging, which permitted spatial measurement of relative changes in perfusion from control (pre drug administration), expressed as the percentage change. Most experiments were performed on the exposed medial aspect of the knee joint capsule. 2. Neither the selective tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, FK888, nor the selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, SR48968, significantly influenced synovial blood flow at doses of 10(-12), 10(-10) and 10(-8) mol. However, topical co-administration of these agents produced significant dose-dependent reductions in basal synovial perfusion of 6.3 +/- 4.6 and 12.0 +/- 3.4 and 19.9 +/- 2.6%, respectively; n = 29. The non-selective tachykinin NK1/NK2 receptor antagonist, FK224, also produced significant (at 10(-10) and 10(-8) mol), but less potent, reductions in perfusion of 5.3 +/- 4.0, 8.4 +/- 2.2 and 5.9 +/- 2.8%, respectively; n = 25. 3. Topical administration of the alpha 1-, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine elicited a 31.3 +/- 6.2% increase in blood flow which was substantially reduced to 10.4 +/- 3.8% by co-administration of the FK888 and SR48968 (both at 10(-8) mol; n = 8-13), suggesting that normally there is sympathetic vasoconstrictor "tone' which is opposed by the vasodilator action of endogenous tachykinins. 4. One week after surgical interruption of the nerve supply to the knee joint, co-administration of FK888 and SR48968 (both at 10(-8) mol) now produced slight vasodilatation (6.7 +/- 4.6%; n = 9) which did not differ significantly from vehicle treatment. Depletion of tachykinins from sensory nerve fibres by systemic capsaicin administration also resulted in abolition of the vasoconstrictor effect of FK888 and SR48968 (both at 10(-8) mol), with these agents only producing a slight vasodilatation (2.5 +/- 5.3%; n = 6). 5. By use of a near infra-red laser source it was possible to image knee joint perfusion transcutaneously, the overlying skin being left intact. In this more physiological situation, close intra-arterial injection of the combination of FK888 and SR48968 (both at 10(-8) mol) again elicited vasoconstriction (48.8 +/- 16.2% reduction in blood flow; n = 4). 6. These results indicate that endogenous tachykinins may be continuously released from sensory fibers innervating the joint. Basal release of tachykinins could therefore be an important physiological influence opposing sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone.
Methane Dry Reforming at High Temperature and Elevated Pressure: Impact of Gas-Phase Reactions (2013)

Catalytic dry reforming over a platinum-based catalyst is described experimentally and numerically in a laboratory pilot-plant flow reactor. The results reveal that coking in the upper part of the catalyst bed and at the entrance of the reactor occurs, depending on the composition of the reaction mixture and the respective temperature. To a significant extent, gas-phase reactions play a role as being the cause for the observed coking behavior in the reforming of methane in the presence of carbon dioxide at high temperatures of 1123–1273 K and at 20 bar. Hydrogen addition can inhibit coke formation better than water addition. The reactor is modeled by a one-dimensional description of the reacting field using elementary-step reaction mechanisms of up to 4238 gas-phase reactions among 1034 species and 58 heterogeneous reactions among 8 gas-phase species and 14 surface-adsorbed species. The study leads an optimized positioning of the catalyst in a technical reformer tube.