gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardioselective Antiischemic ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel (K<sub>A</sub><sub>TP</sub>) Openers. 6. Effect of Modifications at C6 of Benzopyranyl Cyanoguanidines (1999)

The effect on potency and selectivity of modifications at the C6 position of the cardioprotective K(ATP) opener BMS-180448 (2) is described. Structure-activity studies show that a variety of electron-withdrawing groups (ketone, sulfone, sulfonamide, etc.) are tolerated for cardioprotective activity as measured by EC(25) values for an increase in time to the onset of contracture in globally ischemic rat hearts. Changes made to the sulfonamido substituent indicate that compounds derived from secondary lipophilic amines are preferred for good cardioprotective potency and selectivity. The diisobutyl analogue 27 (EC(25) = 0.04 microM) is the most potent compound of this series. The cardiac selectivity of 27 results from a combination of reduced vasorelaxant potency and enhanced cardioprotective potency relative to the potent vasodilating K(ATP) openers (e.g., cromakalim). The diisobutylsulfonamide analogue 27 is over 4 orders of magnitude more cardiac selective than cromakalim (1). These results support the hypothesis that the cardioprotective and vasorelaxant properties of K(ATP) openers follow distinct structure-activity relationships. The mechanism of action of 27 appears to involve opening of the cardiac K(ATP) as its cardioprotective effects are abolished by the K(ATP) blocker glyburide.
Plant sterols: factors affecting their efficacy and safety as functional food ingredients. (2004)

Plant sterols are naturally occurring molecules that humanity has evolved with. Herein, we have critically evaluated recent literature pertaining to the myriad of factors affecting efficacy and safety of plant sterols in free and esterified forms. We conclude that properly solubilized 4-desmetyl plant sterols, in ester or free form, in reasonable doses (0.8-1.0 g of equivalents per day) and in various vehicles including natural sources, and as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle, are important dietary components for lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and maintaining good heart health. In addition to their cholesterol lowering properties, plant sterols possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenicity, and anti-oxidation activities, and should thus be of clinical importance, even for those individuals without elevated LDL cholesterol. The carotenoid lowering effect of plant sterols should be corrected by increasing intake of food that is rich in carotenoids. In pregnant and lactating women and children, further study is needed to verify the dose required to decrease blood cholesterol without affecting fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoid status.
Empirical analysis of video multicast over WiFi (2011)

Video multicast service is becoming one of the most important applications over WiFi, due to the increasing popularity of WiFi for multimedia communication. On the one hand, energy efficient operation is required to WiFi technology due to the limited battery power of most WiFi-equipped devices. In this paper, we empirically study the video multicast operation, especially, along with power management operation in two aspects: (1) whether commercial WiFi devices correctly operate as defined in IEEE 802.11 standard and (2) what problem the standard-compliant operation can induce. From our experimental results, we first figure out that some of commercial WiFi devices do not follow the standard with respect to the power saving operation, and this noncompliance worsens interoperability. We also find that the standard-compliant operation may cause significant delay of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic, when video multicast coexists with VoIP. Through this experimental study, we provide the guidelines for energy-efficient video multicast service.
The high voltage nanosecond electric pulse generator based on a photoconductive semiconductor switch (2009)

A recently developed simulation algorithm based on the Shockley-Read-Hall model was used to describe the characteristics of the output pulses from the newly developed high voltage nanosecond electrical pulse generator (HVNEPG). The new HVNEPG was based on a semi-insulating Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) which was biased at high external electric field (26.7 KV/cm) and illuminated by a laser at the wavelength of 1.064 micrometer for 1 nanosecond. A pulsed power supply and a Blumlein-like transmission line with a small equivalent capacitance were employed in the new HVNEPG which resulted in high voltage low jitters output pulses and a significantly prolonged lifetime of the PCSS under high electric field. The good agreement between the model simulation and the experimental measurements leads to the conclusion that the PCSS was operated in a linear mode under a higher than critical electric field.
Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyrotaxanes: towards the control over a wide range of threaded α-cyclodextrins (2005)

This work focuses on the synthesis of polyrotaxanes with high molecular weight template poly(ethylene glycol) PEG (20 kg mol) having various and well-defined amounts of α-cyclodextrins (α-CD) per chain from 3 up to 125. is the complexation degree of the polyrotaxane defined to be the average number of cyclodextrin molecules per template chain. The usual route has been used for high values of , while sparsely complexed polyrotaxanes have been synthesized with an original one pot synthesis in water. Furthermore, a systematic study was carried out to understand and control the complexation degree of the polyrotaxane as a function of the complexation time, the temperature and the initial ratio of α-CD to template polymer. It has been shown that a high temperature thermal plateau leads to the formation of very sparsely complexed (low ) pseudo-polyrotaxanes for which, the threaded α-CD act like nuclei and generate a favourable driving force for the final complexation at lower temperature.
Motion estimation of a moving range sensor by image sequences and distorted range data (2005)

For a large scale object, scanning from the air is one of the most efficient methods of obtaining 3D data. In the case of large cultural heritage objects, there are some difficulties in scanning them with respect to safety and efficiency. To remedy these problems, we have been developing a novel 3D measurement system, the floating laser range sensor (FLRS), in which a rage sensor is suspended beneath a balloon. The obtained data, however, have some distortion due to the intra-scanning movement. In this paper, we propose a method to recover 3D range data obtained by a moving laser range sensor; this method is applicable not only to our FLRS, but also to a general moving range sensor. Using image sequences from a video camera mounted on the FLRS enables us to estimate the motion of the FLRS without any physical sensors such as gyros and GPS. At first, the initial values of camera motion parameters are estimated by perspective factorization. The next stage refines camera motion parameters using the relationships between camera images and the range data distortion. Finally, by using the refined parameter, the distorted range data are recovered. We applied this method to an actual scanning project and the results showed the effectiveness of our method.
Collection and analysis of microprocessor design errors (2000)

Research on practical design verification techniques has long been impeded by the lack of published, detailed error data. We have systematically collected design error data over the last few years from a number of academic microprocessor design projects. We analyzed this data and report on the lessons learned in the collection effort.
Identification of a High-Affinity Pyruvate Receptor in Escherichia coli (2017)

Two-component systems are crucial for signal perception and modulation of bacterial behavior. Nevertheless, to date, very few ligands have been identified that directly interact with histidine kinases. The histidine kinase/response regulator system YehU/YehT of Escherichia coli is part of a nutrient-sensing network. Here we demonstrate that this system senses the onset of nutrient limitation in amino acid rich media and responds to extracellular pyruvate. Binding of radiolabeled pyruvate was found for full-length YehU in right-side-out membrane vesicles as well as for a truncated, membrane-integrated variant, confirming that YehU is a high-affinity receptor for extracellular pyruvate. Therefore we propose to rename YehU/YehT as BtsS/BtsR, after "Brenztraubensäure", the name given to pyruvic acid when it was first synthesized. The function of BtsS/BtsR was also assessed in a clinically relevant uropathogenic E. coli strain. Quantitative transcriptional analysis revealed BtsS/BtsR importance during acute and chronic urinary-tract infections.
Measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin by five specialized spectrophotometers (CO-oximeters) in comparison with reference methods (1993)

We measured total hemoglobin (CtHb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in 100 patients' blood samples by using five specialized spectrophotometers (CO-oximeters)--IL 482 CO-Oximeter, Corning 2500 CO-oximeter, Radiometer OSM 3 Hemoximeter, Corning 270 CO-oximeter, and the AVL 912 CO-Oxylite--and compared the results with those obtained with the manual cyanmethemoglobin method and a gas-chromatographic (GC) method, respectively. For the CtHb measurements, the differences between the cyanmethemoglobin method and the CO-oximeters were not clinically important for any model. For the blood COHb measurements, the direction of the bias relative to GC was dependent on COHb concentration. In general, the CO-oximeters underestimated COHb concentration for COHb > 2.5% of total hemoglobin but overestimated COHb concentration for COHb < or = 2.5%. We conclude that all five CO-oximeters compared favorably with the reference methods for CtHb and for high concentrations of COHb. However, the inaccuracy of CO-oximeters for low-concentration (< or = 2.5%) COHb measurements may make these instruments unsuitable for some applications.
Ceramic and Glass‐Ceramic Packaging in the 1990s (1991)

A broad overview of packaging involving interconnecting, powering, protecting, and cooling semiconductor chips to meet a variety of computer system needs is presented. The general requirements for ceramics in terms of their thermal, mechanical, electrical, and dimensional control requirements are presented, both for high‐performance and low‐performance applications. Glass‐ceramics are identified as the best candidates for high‐performance systems, and aluminum nitride, alumina, or mullite are identified for low‐performance systems. Glass‐ceramic/copper substrate technology is discussed as an example of high‐performance ceramic packaging for use in 1990s. Lower‐dielectric‐constant ceramics such as composites of silica, borosilicate, and cordierite, with or without polymers and porosity, are projected as potential ceramic substrate materials by the year 2000.
'Lovable natives' and `tribal sisters': feminism, maternalism, and the campaign for aboriginal citizenship in New South Wales in the late 1930s (1998)

Discusses feminism, maternalism, and the campaign for Aboriginal citizenship in New South Wales, Australia in the late 1930s. Details on the relationship between Pearl Gibbs, a leader of the Aborigines Progressive Association, and a white activist, Joan Strack; Complexity of Strack's position as an activist for Aboriginal citizenship.
Oxidation and Antioxidation of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein and Plasma Exposed to 3-Morpholinosydnonimine and Reagent Peroxynitrite (1998)

As peroxynitrite is implicated as an oxidant for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in atherogenesis, we investigated this process using reagent peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, which produces peroxynitrite via generation of NO. and O2.-). LDL oxidation was assessed by the consumption of ubiquinol-10 (CoQ10H2) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH), the accumulation of cholesteryl ester hydro(pero)xides, the loss of lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp) residues, and the change in relative electrophoretic mobility. Exposure to ONOO- or SIN-1 resulted in rapid (<1 min) and time-dependent oxidation, respectively, of LDL's lipids and protein. Manipulating the alpha-TOH content by in vivo or in vitro means showed that when ONOO- or SIN-1 was used at oxidant-to-LDL ratios of <100:1 the extent of LDL lipid peroxidation increased with increasing initial alpha-TOH content. In contrast, in vivo enrichment with the co-antioxidant CoQ10H2 decreased LDL lipid peroxidation induced by SIN-1. At oxidant-to-LDL ratios of >200:1, alpha-TOH enrichment decreased LDL lipid peroxidation for both SIN-1 and ONOO-. In contrast to lipid peroxidation, altering the alpha-TOH content of LDL did not affect Trp or Lys loss, independent of the amounts of either oxidant added. Aqueous antioxidants inhibited ONOO--induced lipid and protein oxidation with the order of efficacy: 3-hydroxyanthranilate (3-HAA) > urate > ascorbate. With SIN-1, these antioxidants inhibited Trp consumption, while only the co-antioxidants ascorbate and 3-HAA prevented alpha-TOH consumption and lipid peroxidation. Exposure of human plasma to SIN-1 resulted in the loss of ascorbate followed by loss of CoQ10H2 and bilirubin. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited during this period, though proceeded as a radical-chain process after depletion of these antioxidants and in the presence of alpha-TOH and urate. Bicarbonate at physiological concentrations decreased ONOO--induced lipid and protein oxidation, whereas it enhanced SIN-1-induced lipid peroxidation, Trp consumption, and alpha-tocopheroxyl radical formation in LDL. These results indicate an important role for tocopherol-mediated peroxidation and co-antioxidation in peroxynitrite-induced lipoprotein lipid peroxidation, especially when peroxynitrite is formed time-dependently by SIN-1. The studies also highlight differences between ONOO-- and SIN-1-induced LDL oxidation with regards to the effects of bicarbonate, ascorbate, and urate.
Downhole Measurement of pH in Oil & Gas Applications by Use of a Wireline Tool (2003)

Abstract The giant Statoil-operated North Sea oil field Statfjord is currently far down its production decline curve. During 23 years of production 60% of the STOOIP has been recovered, and the remaining reserves are characterized by complex distributions of oil, water and gas. In order to obtain a cost-effective production of the remaining oil, an aggressive drilling and intervention programme is necessary. Future developments might also include a pressure blow down phase of the reservoir. Then large volumes of water will be produced to surface. So far the Statfjord Field has exhibited a fairly mild scale potential. Sulphate scale has been detected in several wells down hole, whereas carbonate scale when found is mainly above the down hole safety valve. Carbonate scale precipitation will be more severe in any future blow down phase with a lowering of the reservoir pressure. To improve carbonate scale prediction a "correct" down hole pH value is necessary. The prediction program will then be capable of performing a better tuning sequence and give more accurate predictions, refer references. Petrotech has developed a pH sensor system for downhole use. In 2002 Statfjord performed a field test of this system by running it in a well with a "single phase" fluid sampling chamber. The water sample captured down hole was used to get a lab measurement of the pH in the formation water at reservoir temperature and pressure. This sample was then flashed to standard conditions and a full water and gas analysis was performed. The results were used in the MultiScale software program to calculate a pH value. The results indicated good correspondence between the pH values obtained from the down hole sensor, the water sample and the pH value calculated with the scale prediction program.
Surgical anatomy for pelvic external fixation (2008)

Pelvic external fixators have a high rate of reported complications, most of which relate to pin placement. In this descriptive study, we analyzed the morphology of the ilium in cadaveric specimens and compared these with the measures obtained from normal human pelvic computer tomograph scans, and how these related to each of the three basic configurations of pin positioning for the external fixation of a pelvis: anterosuperior (Slätis type), anteroinferior (supra-acetabular), and subcristal. The irregular shape and size of the iliac wing and the abdominal wall overlying the pin's insertion site could hinder accurate placement of anterosuperior pins. Potential disadvantages of the use of anteroinferior pins was found related to the deep location of the anterior inferior iliac spine, interference with the hip flexion area, risk of hip joint penetration, and the variable obliquity of the ilium. As subcristal pins are positioned between two superficial bony landmarks of the iliac crest, our findings suggest that they are more likely to have a correct placement and avoid complications.
CT perfusion study of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the ICA (2010)

Objective First, to investigate hemedynamic changes in patients with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of ICA using CTP and, second to evaluate its potential value in identifying higher risk patients for TIA or stroke. Methods Twenty - five patients (21 men, 4 women; mean age, 56.72±11.07 years) with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the ICA underwent 64 - detector CTP. The patients were divided into three stenotic groups according to the NASCET criteria. The rCBV, rCBF, rTS and rTP were derived by the comparison between stenotic and contrlateral hemispheres and the data were analyzed by using the One - way ANOVA and Kruskal - Wallis test. Results (1) All the patients in occlusion group and 4 patients in high - grade group had abnormal perfusion characterized on TS and TP color maps. (2) No statistically significant difference in rCBV and rCBF was found among the three stenotic groups. (3)There were statistical significance in rTS and rTP of temporal lobe and basal ganglia region ( P <0. 05 ). (4)The gray matter and white matter of the anterior washeld regions and the gray matter of posterior washeld region had statistical significance among three stenotic groups ( P < 0. 05 ). However, only the rTS in the white matter of posterior wasbeld region had statistical significance among three stenotic groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion CTP may provide valuable information of the cerebral hemodynamic status in patients with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the ICA and identifying patients at higher risk for TIA or stroke.

Key words: 
CT perfusion;  Cerebral hemodynamie;  Internal carotid artery;  Stenosis;  Occlusion
Motivation for a near term gun launch to space demonstration and a variable inductance power supply concept to minimize initial demonstration costs (1993)

The history of the gun launch to space (GLTS) concept is briefly reviewed, along with recent progress and motivations for a near-term launch demonstration. A current multiplying reconfigurable inductor design is developed which could couple to an existing battery system to power a GLTS railgun demonstration at the 300-MJ muzzle energy level. The design is developed using proven approaches and performance levels, and it appears capable of reducing the power supply cost for an initial GLTS demonstration below that of a simple battery-charged inductor system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential of Flavonoid-Inspired Phytomedicines against COVID-19 (2020)

Flavonoids are widely used as phytomedicines. Here, we report on flavonoid phytomedicines with potential for development into prophylactics or therapeutics against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These flavonoid-based phytomedicines include: caflanone, Equivir, hesperetin, myricetin, and Linebacker. Our in silico studies show that these flavonoid-based molecules can bind with high affinity to the spike protein, helicase, and protease sites on the ACE2 receptor used by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to infect cells and cause COVID-19. Meanwhile, in vitro studies show potential of caflanone to inhibit virus entry factors including, ABL-2, cathepsin L, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, Mip-1α, TNF-α), and PI4Kiiiβ as well as AXL-2, which facilitates mother-to-fetus transmission of coronavirus. The potential for the use of smart drug delivery technologies like nanoparticle drones loaded with these phytomedicines to overcome bioavailability limitations and improve therapeutic efficacy are discussed.
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease (2005)

This article updates the 1994 American Heart Association scientific statement on cardiac rehabilitation. It provides a review of recommended components for an effective cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention program, alternative ways to deliver these services, recommended future research directions, and the rationale for each component of the rehabilitation/secondary prevention program, with emphasis on the exercise training component.
Effect of High-Frequency Current on Nerve and Muscle Tissue (1985)

The stimulus threshold for nerve and muscle tissue as a function of frequency for sinusoidal electrosurgical current below 1 MHz was shown to be a monotonically increasing value. There was no frequency below tissue destruction threshold values where excitable tissue cannot be stimulated if the cufrent intensity is great enough. This points out misconceptions concerning electrosurgical maneuvers prevalent since the early 20th century, and may help in understanding potential surgical hazard conditions.
Load balancing effect of inter-frequency handover with pilot power tuning in UTRAN (2005)

Load balancing is an important technique in radio resource management (RRM). In future, when several frequencies are required to cover an increasing number of users and an increasing amount of traffic, inter-frequency handover (IFHO) will perform an important role in load balancing between frequencies. Meanwhile, there is usually a geographic load imbalance in real networks and changing coverage by tuning the common pilot channel (CPICH) power can mitigate this geographic load imbalance. Using a dynamic WCDMA simulator, we evaluate RRM techniques combining IFHO and CPICH power tuning for load balancing and for achieving better performance. First, we compare the IFHO performances in terms of the IFHO trigger types. We show that the CPICH E/sub c//N/sub o/ (code energy divided by noise energy)-triggered IFHO can achieve 30-40 % downlink (DL) load decreases in a hotspot area. Next, we analyze the relation between the IFHO and CPICH power tuning, by comparing the effect of CPICH power tuning with and without the IFHO function and show its performance by using the simulator. Then, finally, we propose an example procedure to utilize the combination of IFHO and CPICH power tuning based on the revealed relation between them.