gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical SPLITT fractionation in the diffusion mode operating as a dialysis-like system devoid of membrane. Application to drug-carrying liposomes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical SPLITT fractionation in the diffusion mode operating as a dialysis-like system devoid of membrane. Application to drug-carrying liposomesShulamit. Levin and Galia. TawilCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 17, 2254–2261Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00065a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00065a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decision-making analysis of 10kV to 20kV distribution network transformation (2010)

With the characteristics of the long duration and many influencing factors, this paper proposed a new decision-making analysis method by using the dynamic multi-objective decision-making analysis model. The optimal scheme, that can be met both economic and technical demands of the 10kV to 20kV step-up transformation projects, was obtained. In the final application example, the method this paper proposed proved its practical significance to some extent.
Regulation of Nuclear DNA Replication by the Chloroplast in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (1974)

The experiments described in this paper implicate chloroplast protein synthesis in the regulation of nuclear DNA replication. The inhibition of nuclear DNA replication in the lower eukaryote, Chlamydomonas reinhardi strain 21gr, was examined after growth of cells with a series of antibiotics (streptomycin, neamine, spectinomycin, cleocin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin) each of which has a known effect upon chloroplast RNA or protein synthesis in this organism. Each antibiotic inhibited nuclear DNA replication at drug concentrations at which there was little or no inhibition of adenine incorporation into chloroplast DNA. That chloroplast DNA was replicating under these conditions rather than merely being repaired, was shown first by the high incorporation rates and second by a (14)N-(15)N density transfer experiment in which chloroplast DNA doubled in the presence of streptomycin, while no incorporation into nuclear DNA was detected. A small DNA peak, Component III, located between nuclear and chloroplast DNA's in CsCl gradients, possibly mitochondrial, was more pronounced in DNA from antibiotic-inhibited cultures than from controls.
Oxygen–Nitrogen Separation (2013)

Abstract This article outlines briefly the current status of material design, module design, process and system design, and commercial applications of membrane air separation. In particular, efforts were made to collect the latest experimental data available in the scientific literature. As a result of the literature search, it was found that investigation of various polyimides has been dominating in the material design of polymers, while development of mixed‐matrix membranes has been attempted to combine advantageous features of inorganic and polymeric materials. Module designs are mostly based on hollow fiber and spiral‐wound modules. Economic optimization is the criteria for the process and system design. Applications are mainly in the production of oxygen‐enriched air and nitrogen gas. Production of high purity oxygen from air has not yet been achieved commercially. This review is focused on polymeric and polymer‐related membranes for air separation. Therefore, only limited information is given on inorganic membrane materials that are based on oxygen ion transport mechanism, for example, perovskite.
[DNA degradation and repair in human laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells after combined exposure to vitamin B12b and ascorbic acid]. (2001)

The formation and accumulation of DNA fragments containing no more than 23,000 pairs of bases were observed under exposure of human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cells (Hep-2) to "chemical nuclease", oxycobalamin (vitamin B12b) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The obtained DNA damages were repaired more slowly than those induced by gamma-irradiation in the dose adequate to the level of DNA damages. DNA reparation was not revealed after washing the cells from vitamin B12b and ascorbic acid, and in the course of cell incubation with ascorbic acid. Vitamin B12b and ascorbic acid separately did not induce degradation of DNA. DNA damages induced by "chemical nuclease" action precede the cell death observed later.
A NEW METHOD OF MEASURING THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD* (1956)

A bstract This paper describes the measurement of the Earth's total magnetic field by a determination of the frequency of free precession around this field of the protons in a sample of water. The angular frequency of precession, ω, is related to the field F by the relationship ω=γ p F where γ p is the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton. A bottle of water is magnetised in a direction approximately at right angles to the earth's field, by passing a current through a coil wound around the bottle. The current is switched off rapidly, leaving the magnetic moment vector to precess around the earth's field direction, inducing in the coil a small alternating voltage. This voltage is amplified and its frequency measured by means of a counter. The accuracy of measurement of the total field is estimated at ± 0.5γ. In addition to the total field value, the form of the signal voltage contains information on the field gradient across the sample. Simple theory, experimental details and results are given.
Potential Purine Antagonists. XX. The Preparation and Reactions of Some Methylthiopurines<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Purine Antagonists. XX. The Preparation and Reactions of Some Methylthiopurines1C. Wayne Noell and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 22, 5997–6007Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01531a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01531a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Wood Burial and Submersion on Decomposition: Implications for Reducing Carbon Emissions (2010)

Gemstone Team Carbon Sinks
Acoustic-energy shaping of meltable metals (1977)

Containerless shaping technique is applicable to machining metals technology. Process improves quality of melted metals by reducing introduction of impurities from container walls or floor.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in directed evolution (2012)

Over the past 20 years, directed evolution has been seen to be the most reliable approach to protein engineering. Emulating the natural selection algorithm, ad hoc enzymes with novel features can be tailor-made for practical purposes through iterative rounds of random mutagenesis, DNA recombination and screening. Of the heterologous hosts used in laboratory evolution experiments, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become the best choice to express eukaryotic proteins with improved properties. S. cerevisiae not only allows mutant enzymes to be secreted but also, it permits a wide range of genetic manipulations to be employed, ranging from in vivo cloning to the creation of greater molecular diversity, thanks to its efficient DNA recombination apparatus. Here, we summarize some successful examples of the use of the S. cerevisiae machinery to accelerate artificial evolution, complementing the traditional in vitro methods to generate tailor-made enzymes.
Boosting servo bandwidth (2002)

The resonant frequency of a disk drive actuator arm is greatly increased if the coil is stiffened by thin wide plates. The paper shows that side effects with such plates are negligible, yet a doubling of servo bandwidth is possible.
Hepatocyte cryopreservation: is it time to change the strategy? (2010)

Liver cell transplantation presents clinical benefit in patients with inborn errors of metabolism as an alternative, or at least as a bridge, to orthotopic liver transplantation. The success of such a therapeutic approach remains limited by the quality of the transplanted cells. Cryopreservation remains the best option for long-term storage of hepatocytes, providing a permanent and sufficient cell supply. However, isolated adult hepatocytes are poorly resistant to such a process, with a significant alteration both at the morphological and functional levels. Hence, the aim of the current review is to discuss the state of the art regarding widely-used hepatocyte cryopreservation protocols, as well as the assays performed to analyse the post-thawing cell quality both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of studies agree upon the poor quality and efficiency of cryopreserved/thawed hepatocytes as compared to freshly isolated hepatocytes. Intracellular ice formation or exposure to hyperosmotic solutions remains the main phenomenon of cryopreservation process, and its effects on cell quality and cell death induction will be discussed. The increased knowledge and understanding of the cryopreservation process will lead to research strategies to improve the viability and the quality of the cell suspensions after thawing. Such strategies, such as vitrification, will be discussed with respect to their potential to significantly improve the quality of cell suspensions dedicated to liver cell-based therapies.
Deep RNA Sequencing Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Myocardial Noncoding RNAs in Failing Human Heart and Remodeling With Mechanical Circulatory Support (2014)

The myocardial transcriptome is dynamically regulated in advanced heart failure and after LVAD support. The expression profiles of lncRNAs, but not mRNAs or miRNAs, can discriminate failing hearts of different pathologies and are markedly altered in response to LVAD support. These results suggest an important role for lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of heart failure and in reverse remodeling observed with mechanical support.
Thermal Oxidative Stability Test Methods for JPTS Jet Fuel. (1979)

Various samples of Thermally Stable Jet Fuel (JPTS) produced in accordance with military specification MIL-T-25524, were tested for thermal oxidative stability using the Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester (JFTOT). Two of the fuel samples had marginal thermal stability and provided data needed for the proposed substitution of the JFTOT for the ASTM-CRC Fuel Coker. Over 130 samples of JPTS fuel, submitted for fuel specification compliance test, were tested for thermal oxidative stability using the JFTOT in lieu of the Fuel Coker. The JFTOT, in conjunction with the Alcor Mark 8A Tube Deposit rater, was found to be suitable for the use with JPTS fuels. (Author)
DUV water immersion technology extends linearity: first results from the new 65nm node CD metrology system LWM500 WI (2005)

The increased requirements on reticles for the 65nm technology node with respect to CD homogeneity and CD mean to target requirements call for a metrology system with adequate measurement performance. We report on the new water immersion technique and the system concept of the worlds first optical CD metrology system based on this technology. The core of it is a new DUV immersion objective with a NA of 1.2, using illumination at a wavelength of 248nm. The largest challenge of the water immersion technology was the fluid handling. The key compo-nents, a water injection and removal unit, developed by MueTec, solve this issue. To avoid contaminations the purified DI water is micro-filtered. An environmental chamber guarantees extremely stable measurement conditions. The advantages of optical CD measurements in transmitted light compared to CD-SEM is shown. With this system, already installed, excellent results for short- and longterm repeatability for both linewidth and contact measurements were achieved on COG, KrF HT and ArF HT masks. The linearity range of the system is extended down to 220nm. A comparison of CD measurements between the different tool generations such as the Leica LWM250/270 DUV at 248nm with a NA of 0.9 is shown. An outlook on the future potentials of optical mask CD metrology finalises this report.
An element in the 3??? untranslated region of human LINE-1 retrotransposon mRNA binds NXF1(TAP) and can function as a nuclear export element (2002)

Export of unspliced mRNA to the cytoplasm is required for the replication of all retroviruses. In simian type D retroviruses, the RNA export is mediated by the constitutive transport element (CTE) that binds the cellular nuclear export factor 1, NXF1(TAP). To search for potential cellular RNA substrates for NXF1, we have set up an in vitro selection procedure, using an RNA library expressed from total human genomic DNA. A sequence that was isolated most frequently as independent clones exhibits extensive homology to the 3' untranslated region of expressed LINE1 (L1) retrotransposons. This region, termed L1-NXF1 binding element (L1-NBE) bears no structural resemblance to the viral CTE, but binds NXF1 as strongly as CTE, based on gel mobility shift competition assays. A deletion analysis of the NXF1 protein reveals that CTE and L1-NBE have different, but overlapping, binding domains on NXF1. Placed in an intron, L1-NBE is capable of mediating nuclear export of lariat RNA species in Xenopus laevis oocytes and of an unspliced HIV-1 derived RNA in human 293 cells, suggesting that it may function as a nuclear export element for the intronless L1 mRNA.
Enzyme‐immobilized reactors for rapid and efficient sample preparation in <scp>MS</scp> ‐based proteomic studies (2012)

Proteolysis is a key step in proteomic studies integrated with MS analysis but the conventional method of in-solution digestion is limited by time-consuming procedures and low sensitivity. Furthermore, obtaining reliable peptide maps and meaningful sequence data using MS analysis requires not only the separation of the digested peptides but also strictly defined proteolysis conditions. Recently, various immobilized-enzyme reactors have been developed for highly efficient proteolysis in MS-based proteomic analysis. This review focuses on the proteolysis step using protease-immobilized reactors and rapid analysis of protein sequences. We describe the preparation of enzyme reactors by several techniques and protein digestion under unusual conditions. Analysis of posttranslational modifications by enzyme reactors prepared using our immobilization method is presented as a model application. Analysis systems using immobilized-enzyme reactors are expected to become useful tools for proteomic studies and diverse applications in biotechnology.
Generating Simulations of Motion Events from Verbal Descriptions (2014)

In this paper, we describe a computational model for motion events in natural language that maps from linguistic expressions, through a dynamic event interpretation, into three-dimensional temporal simulations in a model. Starting with the model from We model the distinction between path-and manner-motion in an operational semantics, and further distinguish different types of manner-of-motion verbs in terms of the mereo-topological relations that hold throughout the process of movement. From these representations, we generate minimal models, which are realized as three-dimensional simulations in software developed with the game engine, Unity. The generated simulations act as a conceptual "debugger" for the semantics of different motion verbs: that is, by testing for consistency and informativeness in the model, simulations expose the presuppositions associated with linguistic expressions and their compositions. Because the model generation component is still incomplete, this paper focuses on an implementation which maps directly from linguistic interpretations into the Unity code snippets that create the simulations.
Hybrid Inferential Modeling for Vapor Pressure of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Oil Production (2013)

In gas and oil production processes, both the true vapor pressure (TVP) and the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) are important and, yet, difficult-to-measure physical properties. Many upstream process units, such as floating roof tanks, have specifications given in terms of the TVP. Careful estimation and control in terms of the RVP will ensure that no extra gas other than necessary is removed from high-valued oil. Laboratory analyses alone are not effective for this purpose because they are time-consuming and involve large time delays. On the other hand, online analyzers are expensive and difficult to install and maintain. In this paper, we propose a hybrid inferential sensor based on a combination of the modified vapor pressure equation proposed by Korsten [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2000, 39, 813–820] and a partial least-squares (PLS) model. With only one measurement of temperature and pressure at an equilibrium state, Korsten’s vapor pressure equation is able to produce a rough estimate of the vapor pressure curve, and PLS is utilized to model the residuals resulting from this simple Korsten model. An industrial case study is reported to show that the proposed method gives an improved model with the average error of less than 4%.
Bioinspired Catecholic Copolymers for Antifouling Surface Coatings (2013)

We report here a synthetic approach to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate)-polydopamine diblock (PMMA-PDA) and triblock (PDA-PMMA-PDA) copolymers combining mussel-inspired catecholic oxidative chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). These copolymers display very good solubility in a range of organic solvents and also a broad band photo absorbance that increases with increasing PDA content in the copolymer. Spin-cast thin films of the copolymer were stable in water and showed a sharp reduction (by up to 50%) in protein adsorption compared to those of neat PMMA. Also the peak decomposition temperature of the copolymers was up to 43°C higher than neat PMMA. The enhanced solvent processability, thermal stability and low protein adsorption characteristics of this copolymer makes it attractive for variety of applications including antifouling coatings on large surfaces such as ship hulls, buoys, and wave energy converters.
A Host-Vector System for an Arthrobacter Species (1988)

An efficient host-vector system has been developed for an industrial strain of Arthrobacter sp. (NRRL B3728)used for glucose isomerase production. Protoplasts of Arthrobacter were generated by treating the cells with 0.5 mg lysozyme ml(-1) for 60 min in a solution containing 0.5 M-sucrose. Around 30% of the protoplasts regenerated on agar containing 0.5 M-sodium succinate as osmotic stabilizer. Three hybrid vectors, PBL2100, pCG1100 and pCG2100, were constructed by combining the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322, a kanamycin- resistance gene from pNCAT4 and a cryptic plasmid from either Brevibacterium lactofermentum NCIB 9567 or Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIB 10026. These vectors transformed the protoplasts and expressed the kanamycin-resistance gene for screening. They contain a number of unique restrictions sites for cloning of foreign DNA. The transformation frequency of this system was 10(5)-10(6) transformants per micrograms of input plasmid and ws constant up to 5 micrograms of DNA. the probability of a plasmid transforming a plasmid transforming a protoplast was in the range 10(-5)-10(-6). The copy number of pBL2100 was around 5 per cell and those of pCG1100 and pCG2100 were around 33 per cell. Deletion mutants were generated from pCG2100. One of them, pCG2120, was able to transform protoplasts of strain NRRL B3728. Plasmids pBL2100 and pCG2100 were structurally stable in cells of NRRL B3728 but could not be maintained in non-selective medium. They segregated at a rate of 12.2 and 2.2% per generation respectively.
<i>Candida albicans</i>Yeast and Germ Tube Forms Interfere Differently with Human Monocyte Differentiation into Dendritic Cells: a Novel Dimorphism-Dependent Mechanism To Escape the Host's Immune Response (2004)

The ability of Candida albicans to convert from the yeast (Y) form to mycelial forms through germ tube (GT) formation is considered a key feature of the transition of the organism from commensalism to virulence. We show here that human monocytes cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after phagocytosis of Y forms did not differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs); they retained CD14, did not acquire CD1a, and were unable to express the maturation markers CD83 and CCR7. Moreover, they did not produce IL-12p70 but secreted IL-10. In addition, they spontaneously expressed high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA transcripts and were able to induce proliferation of alloreactive memory but not naïve T lymphocytes. Conversely, monocytes that had phagocytosed GT forms differentiated into mature CD83+ and CCR7+ DCs; however, there was no up-regulation of CD40, CD80, and major histocompatibility complex class II, irrespective of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In addition, these cells were unable to produce IL-12 even after LPS stimulation, but they were not functionally exhausted, as shown by their capacity to express TNF-alpha and IL-8 mRNA transcripts. These cells were able to prime naïve T cells but not to induce their functional polarization into effector cells. These data indicate that phagocytosis of Y and GT forms has profound and distinct effects on the differentiation pathway of monocytes. Thus, the differentiation of human monocytes into DCs appears to be tunable and exploitable by C. albicans to elude immune surveillance.