gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Definition H.264/AVC Intra-Frame Codec IP for Digital Video and Still Camera Applications (2006)

This paper presents a real-time high-definition 720p@30fps H.264/MPEG-4 AVC intra-frame codec IP suitable for digital video and digital still camera applications. The whole design is optimized in both the algorithm and architecture levels. In the algorithm level, we propose to remove the area-costly plane mode, and enhance the cost function to reduce hardware cost and to increase the processing speed while provide nearly the same quality. In the architecture design, in additional to the fast module implementation the process is arranged in the macroblock-level pipelining style together with three careful scheduling techniques to avoid the idle cycles and improve the data throughput. The whole codec design only needs 103 K gate count for a core size of 1.28times1.28mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and achieves real-time encoding and decoding at 117 and 25.5 MHz, respectively, when implemented by 0.18-mum CMOS technology
Cognitive Network Neuroscience (2015)

Network science provides theoretical, computational, and empirical tools that can be used to understand the structure and function of the human brain in novel ways using simple concepts and mathematical representations. Network neuroscience is a rapidly growing field that is providing considerable insight into human structural connectivity, functional connectivity while at rest, changes in functional networks over time (dynamics), and how these properties differ in clinical populations. In addition, a number of studies have begun to quantify network characteristics in a variety of cognitive processes and provide a context for understanding cognition from a network perspective. In this review, we outline the contributions of network science to cognitive neuroscience. We describe the methodology of network science as applied to the particular case of neuroimaging data and review its uses in investigating a range of cognitive functions including sensory processing, language, emotion, attention, cognitive control, learning, and memory. In conclusion, we discuss current frontiers and the specific challenges that must be overcome to integrate these complementary disciplines of network science and cognitive neuroscience. Increased communication between cognitive neuroscientists and network scientists could lead to significant discoveries under an emerging scientific intersection known as cognitive network neuroscience.
Impact of irritable bowel syndrome on patients?? lives: development and psychometric documentation of a disease-specific measure for use in clinical trials (2005)

The IBS-IS is a short, user-friendly instrument with excellent psychometric properties that has potential usefulness for clinical trials.
Locality aware peer assisted delivery: the way to scale internet video to the world (2007)

Internet video is one of the fast growing services. We survey the operation and the infrastructure that supports Internet video: the data center, the Internet, and the end user, and discuss issues that affect the global scalability of Internet video. We show that the client-server model cannot support large scale Internet video delivery, and the peer assisted Internet video service without locality awareness will quickly overrun the Internet backbone when the number of subscribers increases. We develop a locality aware peer assisted Internet video solution, and believe that it is the way to scale Internet video to the world.
Cross sectional retrospective study of prevalence of atopy among Italian military students with antibodies against hepatitis a virus (1997)

Indirect but important evidence is added to the working hypothesis as common infections acquired early in life because of the presence of many older siblings (among seronegative subjects) or because of unhygienic living conditions (among seropositive subjects) may have reduced the risk of developing atopy.
The Ribs: Anatomic and Radiologic Considerations (1999)

The ribs are essential structures of the osseous thorax and provide information that aids in the interpretation of radiologic images. Techniques for making precise identification of the ribs are useful in detection of rib lesions and localization of lung lesions. The big rib sign and the vertical displacement sign can be used to differentiate the right and left ribs on lateral chest radiographs. The clavicle, the xiphoid process, and the sternal angle may be used as anatomic landmarks for rib counting on computed tomographic scans. For rib counting on lateral chest radiographs, the sternal angle or the 12th rib may be used. Anatomic rib variants include developmental deformities, cervical rib, and short rib and may mimic true rib diseases. Detection of thoracic deformities such as funnel chest (pectus excavatum) and barrel-shaped thorax requires an awareness of the strong correlation between the transverse appearance of the thorax and costal shape. Shadows around the rib cage (eg, rib companion shadows, sharp lines along the lower margin of the ribs, rib overlying shadows) may mimic pleural and extrapleural disease on frontal chest radiographs. It is imperative that the radiologist be familiar with normal rib anatomy, normal rib variants, and the radiologic appearance of the ribs to prevent misdiagnosis.
DETECTION BY FLUORESCENCE OF PEROXIDES AND CARBONYLS IN SAMPLES OF ARACHIDONIC ACID (1982)

1 Products of lipid peroxidation were compared in two different grades of commercially-obtained arachidonic acid. 2 The less pure 90% sample was yellow in colour, had low reactivity with 2-thiobarbituric acid and diene conjugation but high u.v. fluorescence, whereas the 99% pure sample, which was clear in colour, showed a reverse pattern of oxidation products. 3 The significance of these findings is discussed.
Insulin-stimulated Activation of eNOS Is Independent of Ca2+ but Requires Phosphorylation by Akt at Ser1179 (2001)

Vasodilator actions of insulin are mediated by activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and subsequent production of NO. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt play important roles in insulin-signaling pathways leading to production of NO in vascular endothelium. Here we dissected mechanisms whereby insulin activates eNOS by using the fluorescent dye DAF-2 to directly measure NO production in single cells. Insulin caused a rapid increase in intracellular NO in NIH-3T3(IR) cells transiently transfected with eNOS. The stimulation of NO production by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was abrogated by pretreatment of cells with the calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Remarkably, in the same cells, insulin-stimulated production of NO was unaffected. However, cells expressing the eNOS-S1179A mutant (disrupted Akt phosphorylation site) did not produce detectable NO in response to insulin, whereas the response to LPA was similar to that observed in cells expressing wild-type eNOS. Moreover, production of NO in response to insulin was blocked by coexpression of an inhibitory mutant of Akt, whereas the response to LPA was unaffected. Phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1179) was observed only in response to treatment with insulin, but not with LPA. Interestingly, platelet-derived growth factor treatment of cells activated Akt but not eNOS. Results from human vascular endothelial cells were qualitatively similar to those obtained in transfected NIH-3T3(IR) cells, although the magnitude of the responses was smaller. We conclude that insulin regulates eNOS activity using a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism requiring phosphorylation of eNOS by Akt. Importantly, phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms that enhance eNOS activity can operate independently from Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms.
Synthesis of Furazane Conjugated New Heterocycles (2003)

An improved route for the synthesis of 3-(4-aminofurazane-3-yl)-1,2,4oxadiazole heterocycles using micro-wave irradiation is reported.The preparation of novel 4-(thiazol-4-yl)furazan-3-ylamine, 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)furazan-3-ylamine and, 4-(pyrazolidin-3-yl)furazan-3-ylamine heterocycles are described.Furazanes (1,2,5-oxadiazoles) have been reported to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological properties. 1 In particular, agrochemical applications of furazanes and their derivatives as herbicides, plant-growth regulators and pesticides have been described. 2Our biological screening revealed that
Validity Issues in the Use of Social Network Analysis with Digital Trace Data (2011)

There is an exciting natural match between social network analysis methods and the growth of data sources produced by social interactions via information technologies, from online communities to corporate information systems. Information Systems researchers have not been slow to embrace this combination of method and data. Such systems increasingly provide “digital trace data” that provide new research opportunities. Yet digital trace data are substantively different from the survey and interview data for which network analysis measures and interpretations were originally developed. This paper examines 10 validity issues associated with the combination of digital trace data and social network analysis methods, with examples from the IS literature, to provide recommendations for improving the validity of future research.
Control Stabilisation of an Islanded System with DFIG Wind Turbine (2006)

Distributed generation (DG) is often used to export power to the utility system. Loss of main supply can cause a severe loading mismatch between DG generation and load consumption. Consequently, the voltage and frequency of the islanded system will cross the allowable limit. Due to this fact, it is essential to control the voltage and frequency in the islanding mode of operation. In this paper, control stabilisation of an islanded system with a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine has been addressed. Wind DG produces variable output and is not capable to produce enough reactive power. Hence, it is imperative to develop better control system for the islanding operation of wind system. Voltage and frequency control strategies of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with energy storage for islanding operation have been developed. The investigation has been carried out through modeling of a doubly fed wind turbine and an energy storage system using SimPowerSystems tools of MATLAB. The simulations have been carried out in stand-alone operation of DFIG during various wind penetration.
e-service composition: supporting dynamic definition of process-oriented negotiation parameters (2002)

In the rapidly changing world of business-to-business (B2B) interaction, the e-service model triggers a new way to design and implement business services. While the capabilities required to implement a service stay constant, the set of companies providing these capabilities can change dynamically. Even when the companies stay the same, they may want to cover different roles at different times. Automating the negotiation processes between companies become crucial. We present a distributed negotiation system, which allows a service provider to dynamically subcontract aspects of its service to other providers and to determine the price to pay each. The system takes the description of the service in the form of a complete business workflow, together with a set of roles that participate in this workflow. Firstly, it decomposes the workflow into a set of process descriptions (projections) specialised for each possible subset of the roles involved in the original workflow. Each projection represents the view a potential subcontractor has over the workflow. The system then conducts a reverse combinatorial auction to allow subcontractors to offer to play a given set of roles, and fulfil the process associated with it in return for a payment.
Convertibles (2015)

Abstract A convertible bond is a bond with an option for the holder to exchange the bond into new shares of common stock of the issuing company under a specified conversion price and during a specified conversion period. Special types of convertibles include mandatory convertible bonds and LYON s.
Performance of Inversion, Accumulation, and Junctionless Mode n-Type and p-Type Bulk Silicon FinFETs With 3-nm Gate Length (2015)

We investigated the device performance of the optimized 3-nm gate length (LG) bulk silicon FinFET device using 3-D quantum transport device simulation. By keeping source and drain doping constant and by varying only the channel doping, the simulated device is made to operate in three different modes such as inversion (IM) mode, accumulation (AC) mode and junctionless (JL) mode. The excellent electrical characteristics of the 3-nm gate length Si-based bulk FinFET device were investigated. The subthreshold slope values (SS ~ 65 mV/decade) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL <; 17 mV/V) are analyzed in all three IM, AC, and JL modes bulk FinFET with |VTH| ~0.31 V. Furthermore, the threshold voltage (VTH) of the bulk FinFET can be easily tuned by varying the work function. This letter reveals that Moore's law can continue up to 3-nm nodes.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation: How Exon 19 and 21 Mutations Changed Our Understanding of the Pathway (2006)

The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. When patients whose tumors bear the sensitizing mutations are treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib or erlotinib, we witness response rates and durations never before reported, including complete responses. At the same time, the presence of EGFR mutations has raised numerous new questions, tantalizing data, and new challenges for treatment. This is particularly true as we try to generalize the findings in lung cancer to other malignancies. The indiscriminate use of gefitinib or erlotinib in the general lung cancer population results in meager survival benefit for patients. Similarly, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have limited activity in a variety of tumor types with EGFR overexpression. This has led to the question of whether EGFR remains a viable target in patients other than those whose tumors contain mutations, and whether the modest activity of cetuximab in colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer represents all that we can expect from inhibition of this pathway in the absence of mutation. Mechanisms of pathway activation other than mutation have been discovered in recent years, and include overexpression mediated by gene amplification or by amplification of a dinucleotide repeat in the EGFR promoter, mutation of an extracellular region on EGFR generating a mutant protein termed EGFRvIII, and enhanced signaling due to heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR family, particularly overexpression of HER2/HER3. The extent to which these paths to EGFR activation will confer sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors or to EGFR monoclonal antibodies is being explored. Thus far, published clinical data suggest that there is little room for the administration of gefitinib or erlotinib in the absence of EGFR mutations. The five articles in this edition of CCR Focus will address the various mechanisms of EGFR pathway activation and provide insight into the potential for translation into clinical relevance.
Diagnostic Value of Positron Emission Tomography for Detecting Breast Cancer (1998)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging method that employs radionuclide and tomography techniques. PET has high sensitivity for detecting breast cancer, both the primary tumor and axillary node metastasis. From June 1995 to November 1996 a total of 27 patients underwent breast operations based on PET results at Seoul National University Hospital. Whole-body PET images were obtained beginning 60 minutes after injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Regional scans were also obtained with transmission images. We compared the PET results with those from the physical examination and mammography. All cases were histologically confirmed. The diagnostic accuracy of PET was excellent for the primary tumor mass (97%) compared with that of the physical examination (78%) and mammography (67%). For axillary lymph node metastasis, PET had outstanding detection accuracy (96%) compared with the physical examination and mammography (74% and 60%, respectively). Whole-body PET scans made it possible to see all of the metastatic lesions at a glance in cases of metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. There was a probable correlation between the standard uptake value (SUV) and the number of axillary lymph node metastases, but in this study statistical significance was not proved because of the small number of cases. PET also could detect breast cancer in paraffin-augmented breasts. We concluded that PET is a highly sensitive, accurate diagnostic tool for breast cancer and that SUV, after more studies, could be used as an important prognostic factor.
Iterative MMSE multiuser interference suppression for coded dispersive CDMA wireless channels with multisensor receivers (2003)

A soft iterative multisensor array receiver for coded dispersive multiuser code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless uplink channels is proposed. The proposed scheme suppresses multiuser interference over a wide range of user signal powers, by iteratively exchanging soft information between a minimum mean square error (MMSE) multiuser demodulator and a bank of single-user decoders, feeding back the outputs of the latter to aid in soft multiuser multisensor MMSE-RAKE demodulation and subtractive interference cancellation. It displays remarkable near-far resistance, since it functions like a successive interference subtracter across iterations. The array responses are also obtained using soft-decoded feedback estimates and (temporal) pilot symbols, seeking neither to rely on the array geometry nor to estimate the directions from which users' signals arrive at the receiver. Simulation studies indicate that this scheme performs remarkably close to the single-user case with a two-sensor receiver array, and perfect channel state information, after four iterations; alternatively, it allows significant overload capability compared with conventional receivers, and suffers only a modest loss with estimated array responses.
Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Isolates from the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California (1999)

During 1994 and 1995, 157 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from patients with invasive disease were consecutively collected in the San Francisco Bay area to determine the frequency of antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing was performed according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards by the disk method and by broth microdilution. For comparison of susceptibility patterns, an additional 149 strains were randomly collected from patients with pharyngitis. For San Francisco County, 32% of the isolates from invasive-disease-related specimens but only 9% of the isolates from throat cultures from the same period were resistant to erythromycin (P = 0.0007). Alameda County and Contra Costa County had rates of resistance of </=10% from isolates from all cultures. When the data were analyzed by hospital, the San Francisco County Hospital had a statistically higher rate of erythromycin resistance (39%) among the strains from serious infections compared to those from other counties (P = <0. 0003). For tetracycline, high rates of resistance were observed in San Francisco County for both isolates from patients with invasive disease (34%) and pharyngitis (21%) in the same period. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, two clones, one at the San Francisco County Hospital and a second in the entire area, were identified. The latter clone exhibited resistance to bacitracin. Of 146 strains that were tested by microdilution, all were susceptible to penicillin. Clindamycin resistance was not seen among the erythromycin-susceptible strains, but two of the 39 erythromycin-resistant strains were also resistant to clindamycin. An additional 34 strains showed resistance to clindamycin when exposed to an erythromycin disk in the double-disk diffusion test, suggesting that the mechanism of erythromycin resistance is due to an erm gene. This study demonstrates a high rate of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline among S. pyogenes isolates in San Francisco County and shows that macrolide resistance is more common in strains from patients with invasive disease than in strains from those with pharyngitis.
Activity of glutathione synthesis enzymes in the rhesus monkey lens related to age: A model for the human lens (1986)

The low activity level of lenticular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase appears to be an evolutionary phenomenon restricted to higher primates. Rapid reduction with age of the activity of both enzymes (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase) required for glutathione synthesis in the human lens was demonstrated in an earlier study. The activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, the two enzymes responsible for glutathione synthesis, were determined in 39 lenses from the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) as a function of age. The ages ranged from 137 day old fetuses to a 34 year old monkey. Glutathione synthetase activity decreased 8-fold (units/g lens), 7-fold (units/mg soluble protein) and 2-fold (units/lens) over the age span studied. gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity decreased 3-fold (units/g lens), 4-fold (units/mg soluble protein) and less than 2-fold (units/lens) over the same age span. A small increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity (units/lens) from embryonic lenses to birth and one year of age was followed in later years by a decrease in activity. In adults, the overall ratio of glutathione synthetase activity to gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was 42:1 as compared to 77:1 for the human and 2:1 to 4:1 for common domestic species. The aging study data indicate that the rhesus monkey lenticular glutathione synthesis system appears to be a good model for the human lens enzymic system.
Hall Effect Measurement of Real and Reactive Power in a Faraday Machines Laboratory (1980)

Design details are given for a laboratory instrument which will measure real and reactive power using Hall effect transducers. The basic theory of these transducers is presented. Examples of transient operation are given. One particularly interesting result is the variation in real and reactive power to an induction machine as it makes the transition between motor and generator.
Microflocculation Assay for Gonococcal Antibody (1971)

An antigen suspension consisting of cholesterol-lecithin particles sensitized with an extract of gonococci was used in a flocculation assay for the detection of human antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. With culturally and clinically diagnosed cases of uncomplicated gonorrhea, sera from 70 (49.6%) of 141 males and 207 (79.0%) of 262 females were reactive in the assay. Sera from four (7.3%) of 55 males and 11 (5.4%) of 203 females, all presumed normal, were reactive. The assay utilized equipment available in most clinical and public health laboratories.