gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are the health benefits of fish oils limited by products of oxidation? (2006)

Human clinical trials have shown that fish oils reduce the risk of a variety of disorders including CVD. Despite this, results have been inconsistent. Fish oils are easily oxidised and some fish oils contain higher than recommended levels of oxidised products, but their effects have not been investigated. Recent evidence indicates that dietary oxidised fats can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This review summarises findings from cellular, animal and human trials that have examined the effects of oxidised lipids and their potential to affect health outcomes, and proposes that oxidised products in fish oils may attenuate their beneficial effects. More research is required to determine the magnitude of negative effects of fish oil on health outcomes in clinical trials.
A low-complexity dynamic element matching DAC for direct digital synthesis (1998)

This paper presents and analyzes a new dynamic element matching technique for low-harmonic distortion digital-to-analog conversion. The benefit of this technique over the prior art is a significantly reduced hardware complexity with no reduction in performance. It is particularly appropriate for applications such as direct digital synthesis (DDS) in wireless communications systems, where low hardware complexity and low harmonic distortion are essential.
X-ray powder diffraction line profiles by Fourier synthesis (1992)

This work presents a new method of synthesizing the reflection profile, based on the calculation of Fourier coefficients of instrumental functions. The classification and construction of Fourier coefficients are effected, in a general way, from the analysis of the possible paths of beams in the diffractometer. Relationships were obtained which made it possible to synthesize the line profiles in different experimental conditions. The possibility of calculating the reflection profiles of a standard (annealed BaF2) without introducing varying profile parameters is shown. Better results in describing the reflection profiles have been obtained than by applying the Pearson VII function with varying profile parameters.
Expression of two variants of the human μ opioid receptor mRNA in SK‐N‐SH cells and human brain (1994)

A partial mu opioid receptor gene was isolated from a human genomic library using a mouse delta opioid receptor cDNA as a probe. Using information from this genomic clone and the published human mu receptor, MOR1, a cDNA was isolated from SK-N-SH mRNA that codes for a variant of the MOR1 mRNA, MOR1A. The presence of MOR1A is also shown in human brain using RT-PCR. MOR1A differs from MOR1 in that the 3' terminal intron has not been removed. An in-frame termination codon is found four amino acids after the 5' consensus splice site, making MOR1A eight amino acids shorter than MOR1. Both receptors show similar ligand binding and coupling to cAMP in CHO-K1 cells. The C-terminal differences between MOR1 and MOR1A could have effects on receptor coupling or receptor transport and localization.
Understanding interactions of <i>gastric inhibitory polypeptide</i> (GIP) with its G‐protein coupled receptor through NMR and molecular modeling (2007)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) is a 42-amino acid incretin hormone moderating glucose-induced insulin secretion. Antidiabetic therapy based on GIP holds great promise because of the fact that its insulinotropic action is highly dependent on the level of glucose, overcoming the sideeffects of hypoglycemia associated with the current therapy of Type 2 diabetes. The truncated peptide, GIP(1-30)NH2, has the same activity as the full length native peptide. We have studied the structure of GIP(1-30)NH2 and built a model of its G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). The structure of GIP(1-30)NH2 in DMSO-d6 and H2O has been studied using 2D NMR (total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), double quantum filtered-COSY (DQF-COSY), 13C-heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) experiments, and its conformation built by MD simulations with the NMR data as constraints. The peptide in DMSO-d6 exhibits an alpha-helix between residues Ile12 and Lys30 with a discontinuity at residues Gln19 and Gln20. In H2O, the alpha-helix starts at Ile7, breaks off at Gln19, and then continues right through to Lys30. GIP(1-30)NH2 has all the structural features of peptides belonging to family B1 GPCRs, which are characterized by a coil at the N-terminal and a long C-terminal alpha-helix with or without a break. A model of the seven transmembrane (TM) helices of the GIP receptor (GIPR) has been built on the principles of comparative protein modeling, using the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin as a template. The N-terminal domain of GIPR has been constructed from the NMR structure of the N-terminal of corticoptropin releasing factor receptor (CRFR), a family B1 GCPR. The intra and extra cellular loops and the C-terminal have been modeled from fragments retrieved from the PDB. On the basis of the experimental data available for some members of family B1 GPCRs, four pairs of constraints between GIP(1-30)NH2 and its receptor were used in the FTDOCK program, to build the complete model of the GIP(1-30)NH2:GIPR complex. The model can rationalize the various experimental observations including the potency of the truncated GIP peptide. This work is the first complete model at the atomic level of GIP(1-30)NH2 and of the complex with its GPCR.
Assessment of white for displays under dark- and chromatic-adapted conditions (2016)

This study aims to investigate the white perception of mobile display devices under dark-adapted and chromatic-adapted conditions. The white perception was modeled with error ellipses and bivariate Gaussian distributions. The dark-adapted white encompassed a rather large area centered around 7300 K, slightly above the Planckian locus. The chromatic-adapted whites were highly dependent on the ambient illuminant, and were not parallel to the Planckian locus. Combined, the white region encompassing 6179 to 7479 K in correlated color temperature and -0.0038 to 0.0144 in Duv was suggested. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for enhanced white appearance on mobile display devices.
Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Anti– <i>KRAS</i> -siRNA <i>In Vivo</i> Overcomes Therapy Resistance in Colon Cancer (2015)

The coupling of siRNA against KRAS to anti-EGFR antibodies provides a novel therapy approach for KRAS-mutated EGFR-positive cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide an innovative approach for cancer-specific siRNA application and for enhanced therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibody therapy and personalized treatment of cancer entities.
Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung einer feldeffektbasierten Biosensoranordnung mit integriertem Referenzsystem (2006)

One topic of the present work was the development of miniaturised reference electrodes. Different techniques like evaporation, electrochemical methods, pulsed laser deposition and thick-film technique were used for the fabrication of reference electrodes without inner electrolyte (so called quasi-reference electrodes). The stability of these electrodes was investigated in 3 M KCl solution. The best results were obtained with quasi-reference electrodes prepared by means of thick-film technique. The fluctuations of the potential were less than 5 mV over 1000 hours. Thick-film based reference electrodes were covered with KCl-containing pHEMA or agar as inner electrolyte. The agar membrane of some reference electrodes was additionally covered with different protective layers to reduce the leaching of chloride ions out of the membrane. As protective coatings Nafion, cellulose nitrate, PVC or a double layer with PCV and Nafion, or PVC and cellulose nitrate were used. The leaching of chloride ions out of the pHEMA took 10 times longer than it took in the case of agar. By covering the agar membrane with protective coatings the leaching of the chloride ions was significantly reduced. A second topic of the work was the optimisation of porous pH and penicillin sensors with an electrolyte-insulator-substrate (EIS)-structure. Porous silicon was used to improve the adhesion of the enzyme penicillinase in the pores of the substrate. For realising the insulating layer the surface of Si was thermal oxidised to SiO2 and Si3N4 as pH sensitive layer was deposited on top of the SiO2 by means of LPCVD. Compared with pH-sensors from previous works where SiO2 and Si3N4 were deposited by means of PECVD the pH-sensors in this work clearly showed improved long time stability. A third topic was the combination of the developed reference electrode with the optimised sensor. For this purpose, a "one chip" sensor including planar pH sensor and a thick-film reference electrode was developed. The chip with the integrated reference electrode and the pH sensor was successfully operated under static and under flow conditions.
Mechanical Aspects of the Canadian Generation IV Supercritical Water-Cooled Pressure Tube Reactor (2012)

Canada is developing a next generation (Gen IV) reactor, the Canadian Super-Critical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR), which has the potential of meeting all design goals of the Gen IV International Forum (GIF). These design goals include enhanced safety features (inherent safe operation and deploying passive safety features), improved economic and resource utilization (∼40% more efficient than current nuclear power generating stations, sustainable fuel cycle (will burn thorium, which is three times more abundant than uranium), enhanced sustainability, and greater proliferation resistance compared to the current fleets (i.e., Gen III and Gen III+) of reactors. The Canadian SCWR concept is a pressure-tube type reactor that uses supercritical water as a coolant, a separate low-pressure heavy water moderator, a high efficiency fuel channel that includes a zirconium alloy pressure and a ceramic zirconia insulator, and a direct steam power cycle. This paper presents the evolution of the Canadian SCWR core design, simplifications introduced in the design to deal with design challenges, and ongoing design activities.
Redox cycling of iron and lipid peroxidation (1992)

Mechanisms of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation depend on the presence or absence of preformed lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). Preformed LOOH are decomposed by Fe(II) to highly reactive lipid alkoxyl radicals, which in turn promote the formation of new LOOH. However, in the absence of LOOH, both Fe2+ and Fe3+ must be available to initiate lipid peroxidation, with optimum activity occurring as the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio approaches unity. The simultaneous availability of Fe2+ and Fe3+ can be achieved by oxidizing some Fe2+ with hydrogen peroxide or with chelators that favor autoxidation of Fe2+ by molecular oxygen. Alternatively, one can use Fe3+ and reductants like superoxide, ascorbate or thiols. In either case excess Fe2+ oxidation or Fe3+ reduction will inhibit lipid peroxidation by converting all the iron to the Fe3+ or Fe2+ form, respectively. Superoxide dismutase and catalase can affect lipid peroxidation by affecting iron reduction/oxidation and the formation of a (1:1) Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. Hydroxyl radical scavengers can also increase or decrease lipid peroxidation by affecting the redox cycling of iron.
Conformational Effects on Long‐Range Electron Transfer: Comparison of Oligo‐<i>p</i>‐phenylene and Oligo‐<i>p</i>‐xylene Bridges (2009)

Abstract Phototriggered intramolecular electron transfer across variable‐length oligo‐ p ‐phenylene and oligo‐ p ‐xylene bridges was investigated in seven molecules. For both types of bridges, charge transfer rates decrease exponentially with increasing number of spacer units. The distance decay parameter is 0.21 Å –1 for the phenylenes and 0.77 Å –1 for the xylenes. A simple analysis based on superexchange theory indicates that this difference is due to unequal electronic coupling between adjacent bridging units. On the basis of the experimental data, phenyl‐phenyl coupling is found to be roughly 7 times stronger than xylyl‐xylyl coupling. This difference in electronic coupling strengths can be explained satisfactorily on the sole basis of conformational effects. It is consistent with equilibrium torsion angles of 35–40° between two phenyls and 65–70° between two xylyls.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lipid Transport and Metabolism in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Cartilage (2013)

Cartilage is an avascular tissue and cartilage metabolism depends on molecule diffusion from synovial fluid and subchondral bone. Thus, nutrient availability is limited by matrix permeability according to the size and charge of the molecules. Matrix composition limits the access of molecules to chondrocytes, determining cell metabolism and cartilage maintenance. Lipids are important nutrients in chondrocyte metabolism and are available for these cells through de novo synthesis but also through diffusion from surrounding tissues. Cartilage status and osteoarthritis development depend on lipid availability. This paper reviews lipid transport and metabolism in cartilage. We also analyze signalling pathways directly mediated by lipids and those that involve mTOR pathways, both in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage.
The quantum key distribution(qkd) based security enhanced cloud data center connectivity. (2016)

The quantum encryption capable of creating encryption codes that unbreakable with key distribution schemes that can't be intercepted. The power of quantum entanglement can provide a way of instantaneous communication that non-interceptable. The quantum encryption method can be implemented together with scenarios of conventional encryption methods safely. The quantum cryptography will replace conventional key exchange mechanism by using the polarized photons using channels like optic fiber cables that can provide far secure communication. The present day data centers, which using for storing large amount of data, are connected with conventional cryptography and so it can be replaced with theoretically non-interceptable quantum cryptography mechanism as described in this paper. Obviously QKD will have uses in many areas of communication between remote data centers in cloud computing, defense networks etc.
Topical 0.5% Ketorolac vs 0.03% Flurbiprofen for Inhibition of Miosis During Cataract Surgery (1997)

Topical ketorolac is an effective inhibitor of miosis during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and provides a more stable mydriatic effect throughout the surgical procedure.
An Overview of Autogyros and The McDonnell XV-1 Convertiplane (2003)

This report and its lengthy appendix first reviews early autogyro history. The period from Juan de la Cierva's invention in the early1920s through to the U. S. Army Air Corps' choice, in 1943, of the helicopter instead of the more fully developed autogyro, is examined from a technical point of view. With this historical background in hand, simple aerodynamic technology for rotors, wings, propeller, and fuselages is provided for reference. The McDonnell XV-1 convertiplane development and its program are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on the wind tunnel and flight testing that was accomplished with two prototype aircraft in the early 1950s. The tip drive rotor system with its ingeniously designed hub was well suited to high speed rotorcraft. The configuration was conceived by Kurt Hohenemser and Fred Dubloff. Many photographs taken of the XV-1 stored at Fort Rucker are included in this report's appendix.
Inhibition of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>by a combination of chitosan and divergicin M35 (2009)

The antimicrobial activities of the class IIa bacteriocin divergicin M35 and several types of chitosan against Listeria monocytogenes were quantified by agar diffusion, critical micro-dilution, and viable count and observed by electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan depended on its molecular mass (MM) and the pH. Three chitosans with MM values of 2, 20, and 100 kDa and 87.4% degree of deacetylation (DDA) were chosen for further study, based on high anti-listerial activity at pH 4.5. Electron microscopy suggested that the mechanism of anti-listerial activity also varied with the MM. Low-MM chitosan appeared to inhibit L. monocytogenes by affecting cell permeability and growth, whereas medium- and high-MM chitosan may form a barrier on the cell surface that prevents entry of nutrients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2, 20, and 100 kDa chitosan and divergicin M35 against a divergicin-resistant strain of L. monocytogenes (LSD 535) were 2.5, 2.5, 0.625, and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. The combination of any of these 3 chitosans and divergicin M35 appeared to have an additive effect against L. monocytogenes, as determined by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. This study provides useful data for the development of chitosan films incorporating divergicin M35 for inhibiting L. monocytogenes in foods.
Adaptive array beamforming with robust capabilities under random sensor position errors (2005)

The problem of adaptive array beamforming with multiple-beam constraints in the presence of steering error caused by random sensor position errors is considered. First the statistical relationship between the random sensor position errors and the induced random phase perturbation is derived. Based on the result, a cost function consisting of terms which utilise a posteriori information owing to the received array data and a priori information owing to the probabilistic distribution of the resulting phase perturbation, respectively, is constructed. Then, an appropriate estimate of the actual phase angle vector associated with each of the desired signals can be obtained by performing a nonlinear optimisation problem. An implementation algorithm is further presented to solve iteratively the problem. Theoretical analysis regarding the convergence property of the iterative procedure is also investigated. Finally, several computer simulation examples are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
B7-1 Enhances Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Tumor Growth of a Poorly Immunogenic Murine Carcinoma (1995)

The B7-1 molecule expressed on antigen presenting cells is an important costimulatory molecule for T cell activation. It has been demonstrated that murine B7-1 can enhance host immunity and lead to tumor rejection via its costimulatory function. Here, we investigate how transfection of B7-1 into line 1, a poorly immunogenic murine lung carcinoma, affects the generation and function of different immune effector cells. Line 1 cells expressing B7-1 form tumors that grow at a slower rate than the parental line 1. Our studies have shown that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes present within the B7-1 expressing tumors are primarily composed of nonspecific killer cells with no specific cytotoxic T cells present. To determine if increased nonspecific killer cells could inhibit the tumor growth of line 1 in the presence of B7-1, we examined the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on the B7-1-transfected line 1 and the parental line 1. We found that B7-1 augments the NK- but not LAK-mediated killing against line 1 as measured in an in vitro 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. This enhancement could be blocked by CTLA-4 Ig. In vivo depletion of NK cells led to growth of the B7-1-transfected line 1 at the same rate as the parental line 1. These results suggest that in addition to its costimulatory role for T cell activation B7-1 could be an accessory molecule that intensifies NK-mediated cytotoxicity. This novel finding may provide a mechanism for the effect of B7-1 on tumors of low immunogenicity.
Quantum dash mode-locked lasers for millimeter wave signal generation and transmission (2010)

In this paper we present the remarkable characteristics of quantum dash mode-locked lasers and how they could be used for low phase noise signal generation, for high data rate wireless transmission and radar in the millimeter wave frequency range.
Power Electronic Technology in Wind Generation System of Variable Speed Constant Frequency (2009)

This paper summarizes the latest development of power electronic technology in wind generating system of variable speed-constant frequency (VSCF). Firstly, the typical structure, merits and demerits of general VSCF wind generating system are analyzed. The relative power electric technology and application in the direct-driven wind generating system and double-fed wind generating system, such as the full power converter, dual PWM converter, matrix converter, are introduced in detail. In addition, some new converters in VSCF wind generating system, such as rotor current controller, are also discoursed.
Tracking Exosomes in Vitro and in Vivo To Elucidate Their Physiological Functions: Implications for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanocarriers (2018)

Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by a variety of cell types and widely distributed in body fluids. With a lipid-bilayer membrane encapsulating genetic and proteomic information, exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. As newly emerged EVs, exosomes have gathered wide scientific and clinical research interest owing to their important functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, because some bioactive cargo, e.g., mRNA, miRNA, and proteins, is specifically sorted into exosomes from parent cells, noninvasive analysis of the molecular profiles of circulating exosomes may reveal potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, inherent features of stability, low immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and the ability to overcome natural barriers facilitate the potential for exosomes to serve as drug-delivery vehicles for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and regenerative medicine. In practice, the further investigation and application of exosomes requires accurate knowledge of their specific metabolic pathways in vitro and in vivo, such as their release from parent cells and uptake by recipient cells, tissue distribution, and body liquid levels. The establishment of exosomes tracking protocols can effectively solve this problem. Using cells or other enclosed vesicles as reference, exosomes labeling and tracking strategies first adopted fluorescence microscopy, following which bioluminescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography were also successively applied to investigate the exosomes function in realistic pathophysiological contexts. In this review, we first introduce the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, together with two other kinds of EVs, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, and then discuss their applications in the field of diagnosis and therapeutics. Subsequently, the latest developments of exosomes tracking techniques are reviewed. Finally, we present the remaining challenges and further perspectives in this exciting and promising field.
Biophysical and Endocrine-Metabolic Changes during Menopausal Hot Flashes: Increase in Plasma Free Fatty Acid and Norepinephrine Levels (1989)

Thermocutaneous, vascular, metabolic and hormonal changes were investigated during 11 hot flashes from 6 postmenopausal women. The first detectable change was an increase in finger blood flow with a concomitant enhancement of skin conductance. The increase in skin conductance was followed rapidly by a sharp rise in finger temperature. The main endocrine-metabolic changes associated with the above phenomena were a sharp increase in plasma free fatty acids (approximately 65%), norepinephrine (approximately 100%) and LH (approximately 20%) levels. Plasma glucose and cortisol tended to be increased but did not reach statistical significance; on the other hand, plasma insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine and dopamine remained unchanged.