gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invisible invasion: potential contamination of Yellowstone hot springs by human activity (2002)

This report establishes a baseline inventory of microorganisms in acidic hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (YNP). The analysis is based on observations carried out over the past 25 years using light microscopy, DNA staining, and electron microscopy of environmental samples. The inventory, while incomplete in that not all organisms have been cultured or examined using genetic approaches, represents a study of several solfatara (acid sulfate) geyser basins in YNP. We found that the types of microorganisms in flowing springs had changed over time. In contrast, no such changes occurred in mixing pools. We solicited opinions of prominent YNP microbiologists to address the issue of change in the context of human cross-contamination of springs and to suggest sampling protocols. While the consensus is that research has not introduced exotic species, this explanation is always uncertain. The issues related to this uncertainty, including human cross-contamination, are discussed, and sampling methods designed to best preserve the springs for future investigations are described.
Regulation of RhoA GTP Hydrolysis by the GTPase-Activating Proteins p190, p50RhoGAP, Bcr, and 3BP-1 (1998)

The small GTP-binding protein RhoA becomes inactivated by hydrolyzing bound GTP to GDP through its intrinsic GTPase activity which is further stimulated by a family of Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Here we have compared the kinetics of interaction between recombinant RhoA and the RhoGAP domains of p190, p50RhoGAP, Bcr, and 3BP-1. The intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis by RhoA is relatively slow when compared to other Rho-family GTPases such as Cdc42 or Rac1 with a rate constant of 0.022 min-1, which can be further stimulated at least 4000-fold by p190 or p50RhoGAP. The RhoGAP domains of Bcr and 3BP-1, which were thought to be inactive toward RhoA, are also found capable of stimulating the GTPase activity of RhoA in a dose-dependent manner. The supreme catalytic activities of p190 and p50RhoGAP toward RhoA reside mostly in their lower Km values (1.79 and 2.83 microM, respectively) which correlate well with their binding affinity for GMP-PNP-bound RhoA (2.18 and 2. 47 microM, respectively), in contrast with Bcr and 3BP-1 which interact with the activated RhoA with much higher Km (89 microM). However, the mechanisms of catalysis by p190 and p50RhoGAP are distinct in at least three aspects: (1) p50RhoGAP displays an effect of product inhibition by binding to the GDP-bound form of RhoA with a Kd of 6 microM in comparison with the Kd for p190 of 33 microM; (2) the Km of p190 increases drastically upon the increase of salt and Mg2+ concentrations, conditions under which only modest changes of Km for p50RhoGAP are observed; and (3) p50RhoGAP remains partially active toward the effector domain mutants of RhoA, Y34K, and T37A, whereas p190 is completely inactive toward Y34K and T37A. These results suggest that there exists a unique mechanism of functional interaction between RhoA and individual RhoGAP which involves distinct structural determinants of the small G-protein to cause the apparent differences in kinetic properties.
Spike-free switched-capacitor circuits (1987)

A novel circuit technique is presented to prevent op-amps in switched-capacitor circuits from generating ‘spikes’ in the nonoverlapping period of clock phases. This technique is universal in that it is applicable to offset-compensated, parasiticand gain-insensitive amplifiers, integrators and sample/hold circuits. Experimental waveforms are also given to demonstrate its validity.
Water Content in Biodiesel, Diesel, and Biodiesel–Diesel Blends (2012)

Biodiesel has a higher affinity toward moisture content than petroleum diesel, and the water retaining capacity of biodiesel is higher than diesel. The water content in fuels can be classified in free, emulsionated, and soluble water. High water content in biodiesel and diesel can cause problems such as water accumulation and microbial growth in fuel tanks and transportation equipment. Currently, there is a lack of information on water absorbance in biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends. Experiments were conducted to determine the water absorbance of biodiesel and biodiesel–diesel fuel blends evaluating the temperature and blend ratio parameters. Soluble water in biodiesel ranged from (1500 to 1980) mg·kg–1 in the temperature range of (283.15 to 323.15) K, which was 10 to 15 times higher than diesel. Results also showed that, at constant relative humidities, biodiesel absorbed 6.5 times more moisture than diesel. The presence of free and/or emulsionated water in biodiesel and blends was determined through turbidity experiments.
Measurement of Spontaneous Oscillatory Magnetic Field of Guinea-Pig Smooth Muscle Preparation Using Pico-Tesla Resolution Amorphous Wire Magneto-Impedance Sensor (2011)

New measured results of spontaneous oscillatory bio-magnetic field generated from preparations of guinea-pig smooth muscle tissue are presented in this paper using the pico-Tesla MI sensor. It is confirmed that the changes in the bio-magnetic field activity precisely synchronized with extracellular electric activity for stomach musculature of the guinea-pig. It is, however, noteworthy that these two activities provide different biological information. A phase lag of around 2 s of the magnetic signal pulse against the extracellular electric signal pulse is newly found. It is also shown that Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> channel activity of the smooth muscle tissue (taenia caeci) can be evaluated using the MI sensor. Both electric and magnetic activities depend on the functionality of the living tissues. Therefore, the pico-Tesla MI sensor has the potential for non-invasive detection use in wide range of biology and medicine, including non-invasive evaluation use of the stem cells development.
A powerful EM analysis tool based on the FD-TD simulation method (1996)

Packaging and interconnects not only impact the functional characteristics (the ability and speed with which a given inpnt signal may be modified to some desired and appropriate output signal) of a product, but also how the product performs in any number of applications. These applications can range from military and automotive environments where mechanical integrity must be maintained as well as an ability to operate over a wide margin of temperature extremes. In power distribution appliactions impedance must be kept to a minimum; board layout and packaging have a significant impact in the impedance levels. Further, higher power densities, found in circuits which have increasing device and board densities, must be managed to prevent system failure.
E-commerce and the information market (2001)

article Share on E-commerce and the information market Authors: Varun Grover Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SCView Profile , James T. C. Teng Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SCView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 4April 2001 pp 79–86https://doi.org/10.1145/367211.367272Published:01 April 2001Publication History 62citation4,643DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations62Total Downloads4,643Last 12 Months237Last 6 weeks22 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Brain neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing hormone in mediating stress and anxiety (2010)

Neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) have been implicated not only in acute regulation of stress/anxiety-related behaviors, but adaptations and changes in these neuropeptide systems may also participate in the regulation of behavior and endocrine responses during chronic stress. NPY is an endogenous anxiolytic neuropeptide, while CRH has anxiogenic properties upon central administration. Changes in these neuropeptide systems may contribute to disease states and give us indications for putative treatment targets for stress/anxiety disorders as well as alcohol/drug dependence. In this review, we briefly present these two systems and review their involvement in mediating the responses to acute and chronic stressors, as well as their possible roles in the development and progression of stress/anxiety disorders. We suggest that neuropeptides may be attractive in treatment development for stress/anxiety disorders, as well as for alcohol/drug dependence, based on their specificity and activity following exposure to external challenges, i.e. stressors, and their differential adaptations during transition from an acute to a chronic stress exposure state.
Elasmoid scales of fishes as model in biomedical bone research (2012)

With growing incidence of bone disorders (such as osteoporosis), the demand for fast and reliable alternatives to existing screens based on mammalian bone is increasing. Cell culture-based models that currently are being used, have limited value in the study of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The dermal bone of fish scales offers an unprecedented and attractive model to study bone physiology, both in vivo and in vitro. The elasmoid scale of teleost fishes is of particular interest as it could stand as a model for direct bone formation as found in mammals and it has many advantageous traits: scales carry both bone-forming and bone-degrading cell populations, attached on their natural substrate, such that interactions between cell populations remain intact. The scale contains a collagen type-I matrix impregnated with apatites. Scales come in the hundreds per fish, are easily harvested and can be exposed in vitro for direct study of bone regulatory compounds. Scales are transparent allowing real-time visualization of cellular activities on either side of the scale. Removed scales are replaced quickly and the regeneration process strongly resembles osteogenesis as seen in early bone development. These advantages warrant more fundamental research on scales as models in biomedical bone research. We here address the state-of-the-art on development, structure and physiology of fish scales.
Comparison of assessment tools to score recovery of function after repair of traumatic lesions of the median nerve (2006)

In this paper the recovery after repair of the median nerve has been used to compare different assessment tools for evaluation of peripheral nerve function: touch (moving 2-point discrimination (2PD); Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament, motor (Medical Research Council (MRC) scale), combined motor and sensory (Dellon modification of the Moberg pick up test; Moberg Recognition test), and pain (visual analogue scale; pinprick-test). The mean (SD) age of our 28 patients was 28 (12) years. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 5 years, 2 months (2 years, 8 months). On the operated side three patients (11%) had a moving 2PD of less than 4 mm. The results of the moving 2PD were compared with those of the SW monofilaments, but with a poor correlation. The MRC score correlated well with opposition movement of the thumb and muscle wasting (p<0.01). We recommend a number of tests to evaluate (the chronological return of) peripheral nerve function.
Peroxidase-like catalytic activity of anion-exchange resins modified with metalloporphyrins in the dye formation reaction of N,N-diethylaniline with 4-aminoantipyrine by hydrogen peroxide. (1987)

In an attempt to develop a practically useful mimesis of peroxidase, the peroxidase-like catalytic activity of anion exchange resins (Amberlite IRA 900) modified with manganese, cobalt, iron, copper and zinc complexes of some porphyrins was examined in terms of the accelerating effect on dye formation in the following reaction. The evaluation of the activity was carried out by comparison of the effect obtained by using the resins with that obtained by using peroxidase.4-aminoantipyrine +N, N-diethylaniline + 2H2O2peroxidase→quinoid dye + 4H2OAmberlite IRA 900 modified with manganese-tetrakis (sulfophenyl) porphine was found to be the best among the resins tested.
Comparison of siRNA-induced off-target RNA and protein effects (2007)

The downregulation of many mRNAs has been observed through bioinformatic analysis of microarray results following transfection of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Many of these mRNA changes are due to the interaction of the siRNA guide strand with partially complementary sites and thus are considered "off-target" effects. To examine the mRNA:siRNA interactions important for off-target effects, we generated a panel of mRNA:siRNA combinations containing single and double mismatches, bulges, and noncanonical base-pairing interactions in the 9th, 10th, and 11th positions of two siRNA binding sites located in the 3' UTR of an integrated reporter gene. Approximately half of the mRNA:siRNA combinations containing mismatches in positions 9-11 result in a twofold or more mRNA decrease with varying degrees of protein knockdown. However, mRNA and protein analysis of the various mRNA:siRNA combinations reveals instances in which mRNA and protein levels do not correlate. Analysis of the resulting degradation products recovered from an imperfectly complementary siRNA interaction with an endogenous gene reveals a small fraction of products that map to the canonical siRNA cleavage site. Furthermore, downregulation of ARGONAUTE 2 (AGO2), the only AGO family protein known to catalyze canonical siRNA-mediated cleavage, did not significantly affect the degree of mRNA knockdown observed for one of the stably expressed reporters after transfection of an imperfectly complementary siRNA. These results indicate that although some degree of canonical siRNA cleavage can take place between a siRNA and an off-target transcript, most off-target mRNA reductions are likely attributable to AGO2-independent degradation processes.
Nonfasting Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Elderly Framingham Men and Women (1999)

Elevated nonfasting plasma tHcy levels are independently associated with increased rates of all-cause and CVD mortality in the elderly.
Free-radical chlorination of methyl cyclohexanecarboxylates. I. Stereochemistry of the chlorination step (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-radical chlorination of methyl cyclohexanecarboxylates. I. Stereochemistry of the chlorination stepCharles C. Price, Charles D. Beard, and Kenichi AkuneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 20, 5916–5921Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00723a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00723a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature Dependence of Structure on the <i>I-V</i> Curves of Superconducting Point Contacts (1971)

In addition to the structure at V=2Δ/ne (2Δ is the energy gap, n is an integer), we observe prominent structure on the I-V curves of superconducting point contacts at V≫2Δ/e. We have studied the temperature dependence of all the structure and find some features vary like Δ(T) and others vary linearly with T4. These variations are interpreted in terms of a simple equivalent circuit model of the point contact and indicate that all of the features for clean point contacts are related to the Josephson Effect.
2-Chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate (NSC-338947), a more selective DNA alkylating agent than the chloroethylnitrosoureas. (1986)

The novel chloroethylating agent 2-chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate (CIEtSoSo) has been shown to act like the chloroethylnitrosoureas (CIEtNu's) in its DNA damaging and cytotoxic effects in human cell lines and has similar activity to the CIEtNu's in the National Cancer Institute antitumor screening tests. Its simpler chemistry, however, suggests that it may alkylate DNA more selectively than do the CIEtNu's. The DNA base adducts produced in calf thymus DNA by CIEtSoSo have been compared to a representative, non-carbamoylating CIEtNu, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(cis-2-OH)cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two major modified base peaks were observed from the nitrosourea treated sample which have been subsequently identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography comparison of synthesized standards and by electron impact gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis to be 7-hydroxyethylguanine and 7-chloroethylguanine. In contrast only 7-chloroethylguanine was obtained from the CIEtSoSo treated DNA at equimolar doses. Thus CIEtSoSo was found to be more specific in its reaction with DNA in that it produced less variety of products than the nitrosourea, with no apparent generation of hydroxyethyl products, which are major side reactions of the CIEtNu's.
The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing (2020)

Abstract The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, etiological agent of recently named Coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19) by WHO, has caused more than 2, 000 deaths worldwide since its emergency in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, in December, 2019. The symptoms of COVID-19 varied from modest, mild to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the latter of which is generally associated with deregulated immune cytokine production; however, we currently know little as to the interplay between the extent of clinical symptoms and the compositions of lung immune microenvironment. Here, we comprehensively characterized the lung immune microenvironment with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 severe and 3 mild COVID-19 patients and 8 previously reported healthy lung controls through single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) combined with TCR-seq. Our data shows that monocyte-derived FCN1 + macrophages, whereas notFABP4 + alveolar macrophages that represent a predominant macrophage subset in BALF from patients with mild diseases, overwhelm in the severely damaged lungs from patients with ARDS. These cells are highly inflammatory and enormous chemokine producers implicated in cytokine storm. Furthermore, the formation of tissue resident, highly expanded clonal CD8 + T cells in the lung microenvironment of mild symptom patients suggests a robust adaptive immune response connected to a better control of COVID-19. This study first reported the cellular atlas of lung bronchoalveolar immune microenvironment in COVID-19 patients at the single-cell resolution, and unveiled the potential immune mechanisms underlying disease progression and protection in COVID-19. Highlights Immune microenvironment of SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs revealed by scRNA/TCR seq Increased inflammatory FCN1+ macrophages are replacing FABP4+ macrophages in the BALF from severe COVID-19 patients Highly expanded and functional competent tissue resident clonal CD8+ T cells in mild COVID-19 patients
Dung Beetles as Biological Control Agents for Gastrointestinal Parasites of Livestock (1973)

Herbage samples from a pasture plot free of dung beetles had 14.7 times more Ostertagia ostertagi (Stiles) larvae than samples from a plot which contained an increased dung beetle population of about 5-fold above the natural population. Herbage samples from a plot with the natural dung beetle population had 3.7 times as many larvae as samples from the plot containing the larger beetle population. The reduction in numbers of 0. ostertagi larvae available to grazing animals by the burying activity of the beetles was reflected in a similar reduction in the number of adults recovered from parasite-free calves which grazed the plots. The incidence and severity of parasite infections of livestock are greatest in the southeastern United States although losses are sustained in all parts of the country. Parasitism is essentially a problem of sanitation arising from the changing agricultural practices, which concentrate animals in increasingly smaller areas for more economical production. Such crowding augments the transmission potential of internal parasites by effectively concentrating the hosts and their parasites in the same small area. Control of gastrointestinal parasites of livestock through the years has been largely by costly chemotherapeutic agents. The prevention of parasite infections of livestock is primarily a problem of management based on the available knowledge of the parasite life cycles. It is logical to attempt to break the life cycle chain at its weakest link, which in most cases is the free-living stage. At present, however, there are no economical means of destroying parasite eggs and larvae on pasture and chemotherapeutic treatment of the host animal does not prevent reinfection. With the high stocking rates on pastures today, many fecal deposits remain on pasture surfaces for several months because the native dung beetles and other coprophagic organisms cannot cope with the increased feces production. A fecal deposit remaining on the pasture surface can be regarded as an incubator in which the larvae develop to the infective stage; as a shelter with a hard impervious outer covering baked by the sun; and as a reservoir for parasite larvae (Reinecke, 1970). The possible role of dung beetles in reducing the accessibility to livestock of the Received for publication 1 August 1972. infective stages of parasitic worms has been casually mentioned by several authors (Bornemissza, 1960; Halfftner and Matthews, 1966; Ferreira, 1967). Reinecke (1970) stated that a highly efficient form of biological control could result from the stimulation of dung beetles; however, data confirming the reduction of livestock parasitisms by these beetles are lacking. If contaminated feces were buried by dung beetles before the parasites reached the infective stage, the parasitism potential of a fecal deposit would be greatly minimized. This report describes a new approach for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of livestock, which involves rapid burial of feces from pasture surfaces by increasing the population of