gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Freshness Level of Beef Using Nanocomposite Gas Sensors in Electronic nose (2019)

In this paper, an electronic nose comprising an array of polymer and functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube composite gas sensors was developed for monitoring the freshness level of beef in order to prevent people from consuming unhealthy meat. The three types of nanocomposite sensors were tested with various volatile organic compounds in static system. The sensors show a good response to ammonia produced mainly from the beef spoilage. Accordingly it is suitable for detecting the spoilage of beef. The results reveal that nanocomposite gas sensors made of polyaniline (PANI)/ SWNTs-COOH show the highest sensitivity to ammonia. The raw beef was prepared into pieces and kept at room temperature for 5 days. The beef samples were monitored with e-nose day after day to know the meat spoilage and the diurnal freshness of beef could be discriminated by using principal component analysis (PCA). In conclusion, this electronic nose system has the potential to be applied in the real detection of freshness level.
Heparin inhibits proliferation of fetal vascular smooth muscle cells in the absence of platelet‐derived growth factor (1986)

Proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the pulmonary arteries and aortas of fetal calves is inhibited by heparin in vitro. This effect is reversible and dose dependent. Comparisons with effects of other polysaccharides indicate that only extensively sulfated polysaccharides inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells but that specific structural features of heparin are required to achieve maximum effect. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography of medium containing fetal calf serum reduces the ability of that medium to promote growth of smooth muscle cells from fetal pulmonary arteries, suggesting that heparin may remove soluble growth factors in serum. However, inhibition of fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin is identical in media supplemented either with serum prepared from fetal calf plasma, in which platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is not detectable, or with fetal calf serum, which contains relatively abundant PDGF (114 pg/ml). Thus, inhibition of fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin is not mediated solely by decreased availability or activity of exogenous PDGF. These studies suggest that morphogenesis of the smooth muscle investment of the pulmonary arteries could be regulated by local production of heparin-like inhibitors of smooth muscle cell growth.
Hyaluronic Acid-Filled Mammary Implants (1994)

Lin, Kant M.D.; Bartlett, Scott P. M.D.; Matsuo, Kiyoshi M.D.; LiVolsi, Virginia A. M.D.; Parry, Carolyn M.D.; Hass, Brian M.D.; Whitaker, Linton A. M.D.; Maxwell, G. Patrick M.D.
A communication architecture for high-speed networking (2002)

The horizontally oriented protocol structure (HOPS) is proposed. The horizontal structure, coupled with a small number of layers, eliminates unnecessary replication and processing of functions and lowers the unnecessary interprocess communication burden of the protocol execution-for example, unnecessary error detection for voice packets in integrated applications and unnecessary error detection in multiple layers for data applications are eliminated, the overhead associated with multi-peer-to-peer connection to multilayer architecture is substantially reduced, etc. The proposed architecture lends itself more naturally to full parallel implementation. Parallelism offers the potential of increased protocol processing rates, reduction in processing latency, and further reduction in processing overhead; and with the advances in VLSI, full parallel implementation becomes more and more feasible. The scheme also features selective functionality, which permits the protocol to easily adjust itself to the kind of performance demanded by the network-application requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-invasive monitoring of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for pharmacological drug profiling in children and adolescents. (2015)

This thesis describes the potential role of non-invasive measurement of pharmacokinetics (pk) and pharmacodynamics (pd) in the research and development of central nervous system (cns) stimulants or depressants for children and adolescents. First, we evaluated the feasibility of using saliva as an alternative to plasma in two studies on psychostimulants (caffeine and methylphenidate). Second, neuropsychological and neurophysiological functions were measured longitudinally using the NeuroCart, a battery of tests developed at the Centre for Human Drug Research (chdr, Leiden, The Netherlands) that includes non-invasive tests for alertness, visuomotor coordination, motor control, memory, and subjective drug effects. Using a non-invasive approach, age-dependent differences in alcohol pk and pd were evaluated between healthy adolescents and adults. This thesis concludes with the report of two clinical trials that were designed to evaluate age-appropriate formulations of sedative drugs that have the potential for use in children.
Sulphur Compounds and some Uncommon Esters in Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) (1996)

Forty-three sulphur-containing constituents were found in a pentane extract of the durian fruit (Durio zibethinus Murr., Bombacaceae). Amongst them, 22 are new compounds. They belong to dialkyl di- and trisulphides, 3-(alkylthio)- and 3-(alkyldithio)-butan-1-ols, 1,1-bis(alkylthio)alkanes and 1-(alkylthio)-1-(alkyldithio)alkanes, trithiolanes, tetrathiolanes and S-alkyl thioesters. In addition, the ethyl (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)- and (E,E)-deca-2,4-dienoates, ethyl (3Z,6Z)-decadienoate and the ethyl (E,Z,Z)- and (E,E,Z)-decatrienoates contribute significantly to the fruity aspect of the unusual flavour. Some olfactive evaluations of the synthesised constituents are described.
A unifying framework for compressed pattern matching (2003)

We introduce a general framework which is suitable to capture an essence of compressed pattern matching according to various dictionary based compressions, and propose a compressed pattern matching algorithm for the framework. The goal is to find all occurrences of a pattern in a text without decompression, which is one of the most active topics in string matching. Our framework includes such compression methods as Lempel-Ziv family, (LZ77, LZSS, LZ78, LZW) (J. Ziv and A. Lempel, 1978), byte-pair encoding, and the static dictionary based method. Technically, our pattern matching algorithm extends that for LZW compressed text presented by A. Amir et al. (1996).
Electrically controllable multiple, active, computer-generated hologram (1997)

The multiple, active, computer-generated hologram (MACH) is a novel device combining the attributes of electrically controllable diffraction gratings and computer-generated holograms. The version discussed here consists of a surface relief transmitting structure immersed in a nematic liquid crystal and sandwiched between two, planar indium tin oxide electrodes. Under control of a single applied voltage, the device can selectively generate any one of a number of desired, uncorrelated optical wave fronts. The device principles are discussed and experimental results presented. There is a brief discussion of the relative merits of the MACH and electrically addressed spatial light modulators.
NCN Chelated Organoantimony(III) and Organobismuth(III) Phosphinates and Phosphites: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity (2010)

Abstract The reaction of the organoantimony and organobismuthoxides [LSbO] 2 ( 1 ) and [LBiO] 2 ( 2 ), where L = [2,6‐(Me 2 NCH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] – , with phenylphosphinic acid in a 1:4 molar ratio gave the molecular organoantimony and organobismuth phosphinates LM[OP(H)(O)(Ph)] 2 [M = Sb ( 3 ), Bi ( 4 )]. Similarly, the reaction of 1 and 2 with H 3 PO 3 gave the secondary phosphites LM[OP(H)(O)(OH)] 2 [M = Sb ( 5 ), Bi ( 6 )] or the fully deprotonated phosphite {LM[O 2 P(H)(O)]} 2 [M = Sb ( 7 ), Bi ( 8 )] depending on whether the molar ratio of the starting materials was 1:4 or 1:2. The syntheses of novel mixed phosphinate‐phosphite LSb[OP(H)(O)(OH)][OP(H)(O)(Ph)] ( 9 ), phosphonate‐phoshinate LSb[OP( t Bu)(O)(OH)][OP(H)(O)(Ph)] ( 10 ) and phosphonate‐phosphite LSb[OP( t Bu)(O)(OH)][OP(H)(O)(OH)] ( 11 ) compounds are also described. While the organoantimony compounds 3 , 5 and 7 are stable in solution, the organobismuth congeners showed only limited stability in solution and underwent a redox process involving to the reduction of the bismuth ions, and oxidation of the phosphorus ions from the +III to +V oxidation state. The reaction pathway associated with the redox process was studied with the system bismuth oxide 2 + Ph 2 P(O)(H), which gave compound LBi[OP(O)(Ph) 2 ] 2 ( 14 ) as a result of the oxidation of the phosphorus ion. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H, 13 C and 31 P NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The solid‐state molecular structures of compounds 3 , 5a {LM[O 2 P(H)(O)][(HO) 2 P(H)(O)]} and 7 were determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Natural language programming of industrial robots (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a method to use written natural language instructions to program assembly tasks for industrial robots. In our application, we used a state-of-the-art semantic and syntactic parser together with semantically rich world and skill descriptions to create high-level symbolic task sequences. From these sequences, we generated executable code for both virtual and physical robot systems. Our focus lays on the applicability of these methods in an industrial setting with real-time constraints.
Monoclinic‐to‐Tetragonal Phase Transformation in a Ceramic Rare‐Earth Orthoniobate, LaNbO <sub>4</sub> (1997)

The monoclinic‐to‐tetragonal phase transformation in LaNbO 4 has been investigated by X‐ray diffraction and dilatometry. Based on the experimental results and theoretical concerns (Landau theory and thermodynamics), it is suggested that this transformation is second order in nature.
Nevus of large spindle and/or epithelioid cells (Spitz's nevus) (1978)

• By now it is well recognized that there is a benign melanocytic nevus, common in the young and common enough in adults, that has histological features that are confusable with those of malignant melanoma. The anomaly is usually referred to as benign juvenile melanoma, sometimes as Spitz's nevus, and, by some histopathologists, as spindle and epithelioid cell nevus. All the histological subtleties and variations of the condition are still not fully appreciated and some of them are still being misinterpreted as those of malignant melanoma. We herewith present a study designed to clarify the issues and offer firm criteria for histological differentiation of the nevus in point from malignant melanoma. We also suggest a new name for it and supporting arguments therefor. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>114:1811-1823, 1978)
Parallel Processing Techniques for Estimating Pitch Periods of Speech in the Time Domain (1969)

A computational algorithm for estimating pitch periods of speech in the time domain is presented, and two recent modifications of the algorithm are discussed in detail. The algorithm and its modifications have been found to be relatively accurate and efficient in tests on real and synthetic speech.
ELEMENTAL SELENIUM REACTIONS WITH 4-PICOLINE (1991)

Abstract A study of the reaction of the elemental selenium with 4-picoline is reported. The process was carried out at the boiling point of the 4-picoline under argon. After removing unreacted solids, the reactions products were identified by means of GC and GC-MS. The following products have been identified: 1.2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethane, 1,2-(4-pyridyl)-ethene. 4-methyl-2-(4-pyridyI)methylpyridine, 4-[2-(4-methyl)-pyridyl)]-2-(4-pyridyl)methylpyridine, 1-[2-(4-methyl)pyridyl]-l.2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethane, 1-[3-(4-methyl)-pyridyl]-l,2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethane, l-hydroseleno-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethane and I-hydroperseleno-1.2-di-(4-pyridyl)-ethane.
Cobalt-mediated Reduction of C=N Bond. Synthesis of Methyl <i>N</i>-<i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonyl-1-phenylglycinate Catalyzed by Bis (dioximato)cobalt–Quinine Complexes (1986)

Abstract Reduction of C=N bond mediated by cobalt complxes was facilitated by the electron withdrawing substituents on the substrate. Catalytic hydrogenation of methyl N-p-toluenesulfonyl-1-imino-1-phenylacetate in the presence of quininiun salt afforded the corresponding N-tosyl amino ester in good yields.
Determination of the Activity of Lipoxygenase (Lipoxidase) (1979)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Substrate Methods Based on Oxygen Uptake Methods Based on Formation of Conjugated Dienes Determination of Hydroperoxides Methods of Analysis Based on Coupled Oxidation Determination of Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes by Electrophoresis Insoluble Lipoxygenase Distinguishing Between Lipoxygenase and Heme Proteins General Recommendations
Lidocaine Local Anesthesia for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery (1990)

Forty-five patients were evaluated during knee arthroscopy performed using local anesthesia produced by lidocaine with epinephrine to determine the dose-response relationship for operative analgesia. Serum lidocaine concentrations were also measured. Patients were randomized prospectively to receive 20 mL of 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% lidocaine with epinephrine intraarticularly. Intraoperative discomfort was measured by verbal response on an 11-point linear pain scale. Pain scores were significantly higher in patients receiving 0.5% lidocaine during the first 45 min of surgery (P = 0.03). After 45 min, pain scores continued to be higher in the 0.5% lidocaine group than in the 1.0% or 1.5% groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Ninety-four percent of patients in the 1.5% lidocaine group were willing to repeat this anesthetic technique for surgery compared with 83% of those in the 1.0% lidocaine group and 75% of those in the 0.5% lidocaine group (P greater than 0.05). The duration of postoperative analgesia was similar in all groups. Serum lidocaine concentrations before and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after instillation of lidocaine were highest in the 1.5% lidocaine group with a peak concentration of 278 ng/mL. No patient had symptoms of lidocaine toxicity. We recommend that lidocaine concentrations of 1.0% or 1.5% be used when 20 mL is instilled intraarticularly for knee arthroscopy based on patient comfort and absence of lidocaine toxicity.
A New Reverse Wormlike Micellar System:  Mixtures of Bile Salt and Lecithin in Organic Liquids (2006)

We report a new route for forming reverse wormlike micelles (i.e., long, flexible micellar chains) in nonpolar organic liquids such as cyclohexane and n-decane. This route involves the addition of a bile salt (e.g., sodium deoxycholate) in trace amounts to solutions of the phospholipid lecithin. Previous recipes for reverse wormlike micelles have usually required the addition of water to induce reverse micellar growth; here, we show that bile salts, due to their unique "facially amphiphilic" structure, can play a role analogous to that of water and promote the longitudinal aggregation of lecithin molecules into reverse micellar chains. The formation of transient entangled networks of these reverse micelles transforms low-viscosity lecithin organosols into strongly viscoelastic fluids. The zero-shear viscosity increases by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and it is the molar ratio of bile salt to lecithin that controls the viscosity enhancement. The growth of reverse wormlike micelles is also confirmed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on these fluids.
Human alpha galactosidase and alpha 1,2 fucosyltransferase concordantly inhibit xenoreactivity of NIH 3T3 cells with human serum. (2003)

Although alpha galactosidase and alpha 1,2 fucosyltransferase had different biochemical properties, they could inhibit the expression of Gal alpha 1,3 Gal synergistically, leading to stronger resistance of xenograft against cytolysis.
Analysis of Soil FTIR/ATR Spectral Data using Wavelet Analysis to Determine Soil Nitrate Content (2004)

Wavelet analysis was applied to soil FTIR/ATR spectral data in order to predict nitratecontents. Two experiments were conducted. One consisted of artificially adding known amounts ofnitrate, carbonate, and humic acid. Nitrate concentrations for this experiment varied from 0 to 1000ppm N03. Results indicated that wavelet analysis was able to decompose the spectra to allow foridentification of the nitrate peak from other interfering peaks such as carbonate and humic acid. Thevolume of the nitrate peak for each sample was correlated to nitrate concentration. Results indicatedcorrelation coefficients in the range of 0.98 to 0.99 with standard errors varying from 11.4 to 24.5ppm N03. In order to determine the ability of wavelet analysis to distinguish nitrate peaks in actualfield conditions with low nitrate concentrations, an experiment involving adding nitrate to Capay claysoil in the field in the presence of interfering compounds such as carbonate and humic acid wasconducted. Nitrate concentrations varied from approximately 0 to 130 ppm N03. Results indicatedthat wavelet analysis was able to distinguish the nitrate peak from adjacent and overlapping peaks due to carbonate and other compounds. R2-values ranged from 0.93 for pooled data to 0.99 forindividual experiments with standard errors ranging from 8 to 2 ppm N03, respectively.
Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of cis-diammineplatinum .alpha.-pyridone blue in aqueous solution. Comparison with other platinum blues (1979)

The spectral, redox, and chemical properties of cis-diammineplatinum a-pyridone blue (PPB),\n[Pt2(NH3)4(CsH40N)2]2(N03)5-H20, in aqueous solution have been studied and compared with those of other blue platinum\ncomplexes. The extinction coefficient of the blue chromophore is a sensitive function of the anions present and of the temperature.\nThe approximately axial electron spin resonance spectrum is characterized by g values of 2.38 and 1.976, very similar to\nthose reported from single-crystal ESR studies. Extensive ’95Pt hyperfine interactions indicate that PPB maintains its oligomeric\nstructure upon initial dissolution in water. The decomposition of PPB in solution has been monitored by intensity losses\nwith time in both the blue absorption band and the ESR signal. The concomitant decrease observed indicates the correspondence\nof the blue chromophore with the unpaired spin. Oxidative titrations of PPB show a linear decrease in ,4680 and ESR signal\nintensity with the addition of 3 equiv of ceric ion per tetramer. The chemical characteristics of PPB in solution are compared\nto those of platinum acetamide blue (PAB), cis-diammineplatinum uracil blue (PUB), and the newly characterized cisdiammineplatinum\nhypoxanthine green (PHG), the first reported platinum purine “blue”. The results establish the similarity\nin their chemical composition and electronic structure. The electronic spectra exhibit broad absorption bands in the region\n590-720 nm. These blue chromophores also depend upon the anions present. The ESR spectrum of PUB is strikingly similar\nto that of PPB, although of lower absolute signal intensity. This result may be due to spin-spin coupling since PUB is shown\nto be a longer chain oligomer. Both PHG and PAB exhibit a weak ESR transition. Oxidative titrations using ceric ion of PAB\nand PHG monitored spectrophotometrically show that 1.75 e-/Pt is required for the complete loss of blue color; this result is\nconsistent with oxidation to platinum(lV) from the initial platinum formal oxidation state of 2.25. Classical reductive titrations\nof the cis-diammineplatinum blues to platinum mttal further support the oxidation-state assignment of 2.25. Gel electrophoresis\nof the cis-diammineplatinum blues, assuming the identical charge per monomeric unit, indicates the length of the oligomers\nto increase in the series PPB < PHG < PUB. These studies demonstrate that blue platinum complexes share the properties\nof mixed valency and oligomeric structure.
Improving the biocompatibility of in vivo sensors via nitric oxide release (2006)

The continuous, real-time monitoring of clinically important analytes (e.g., PO2, PCO2, pH, K+, Na+, glucose, and lactate) is of great importance to human health care. Despite considerable efforts spanning several decades, the use of in vivo sensors clinically remains limited due to inadequate biocompatibility. The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as an effective inhibitor of platelet and bacterial adhesion has opened a new direction of research related to designing the next generation of in vivo sensors. In this Highlight article, recent progress in designing more biocompatible in vivo sensors is described, with a particular focus on preparing interfaces that resist biofouling via controlled NO release.
Fractionating Soybean Storage Proteins Using Ca <sup>2+</sup> and NaHSO <sub>3</sub> (2006)

ABSTRACT: Individual soybean storage proteins have been identified as having nutraceutical properties, especially β‐conglycinin. Several methods to fractionate soy proteins on industrial scales have been published, but there are no commercial products of fractionated soy proteins. The present study addresses this problem by using calcium salts to achieve glycinin‐rich and β‐conglycinin‐rich fractions in high yields and purities. A well‐known 3‐step fractionation procedure that uses SO 2, NaCl, and pH adjustments was evaluated with CaCl 2 as a substitute for NaCl. Calcium was effective in precipitating residual glycinin, after precipitating a glycinin‐rich fraction, into an intermediate fraction at 5 to 10 mM CaCl 2 and pH 6.4, eliminating the contaminant glycinin from the β‐conglycinin‐rich fraction. Purities of 100%β‐conglycinin with unique subunit compositions were obtained after prior precipitation of the glycinin‐rich and intermediate fractions. The use of 5 mM SO 2 in combination with 5 mM CaCl 2 in a 2‐step fractionation procedure produced the highest purities in the glycinin‐rich (85.2%) and β‐conglycinin‐rich (80.9%) fractions. The glycinin in the glycinin‐rich fraction had a unique acidic (62.6%) to basic (37.4%) subunit distribution. The β‐conglycinin‐rich fraction was approximately evenly distributed among the β‐conglycinin subunits (30.9%, 35.8%, and 33.3%, for α', α, and β subunits, respectively). Solids yields and protein yields, as well as purities and subunit compositions, were highly affected by pH and SO 2 and CaCl 2 concentrations.