gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement of Aryl-Substituted Pyrrole Derivatives (2010)

The relationship between the structures and light emission properties of five aryl-substituted pyrrole derivatives was studied during aggregation in THF-water mixtures. Only pentaphenylpyrrole clearly shows, however, an aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) phenomenon. On comparison of the optical properties and single-crystal structures of these pyrrole derivatives, it is suggested that the more twisted configuration which prevented parallel orientation of conjugated chromophores combined with the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) effect was the main cause of the AIEE phenomenon.
Ultrasonic pig for submarine oil pipeline corrosion inspection (2009)

This paper introduces the design and development of an ultrasonic pig used for submarine oil pipeline corrosion inspection. Structure and functions of the equipment, as well as ultrasonic data acquisition system and off-line signal processing method are presented. The pig adopts a train-like structure including driver cups, batteries, ultrasonic transducers and data acquisition unit, which can detect and locate the corrosion of inspected pipeline. The data acquisition system is designed based on a digital signal processor and field programmable gate arrays structure to sample, process and compress the ultrasonic data and then store them in a hard disk. The off-line signal analysis method adopts a non-phase delay peak extraction algorithm to accurately calculate the pipe wall thickness. According to the thickness of each detected point, an ultrasonic image is traced by false color image, and then the potential defects are recognized by using a 3 × 3 grids template and classified according to American Petroleum Institute Standard. Both experimental and engineering testing results show that the pig is of perfect performance and could inspect defects greater than 10 × 10 mm2 successfully.
Application of sampling methodologies to network traffic characterization (1993)

The relative performance of different data collection methods in the assessment of various traffic parameters is significant when the amount of data generated by a complete trace of a traffic interval is computationally overwhelming, and even capturing summary statistics for all traffic is impractical. This paper presents a study of the performance of various methods of sampling in answering questions related to wide area network traffic characterization. Using a packet trace from a network environment that aggregates traffic from a large number of sources, we simulate various sampling approaches, including time-driven and event-driven methods, with both random and deterministic selection patterns, at a variety of granularities. Using several metrics which indicate the similarity between two distributions, we then compare the sampled traces to the parent population. Our results revealed that the time-triggered techniques did not perform as well as the packet-triggered ones. Furthermore, the performance differences within each class (packet-based or time-based techniques) are small.
A missense mutation in the type II hair keratin hHb3 is associated with monilethrix (2005)

Monilethrix (MIM #158 000) is an autosomal dominant hair disorder that can cause scarring alopecia in affected individuals.1 Nail changes and keratosis pilaris of the skin of neck and arms have also been described. The hallmark hair abnormality in monilethrix is a beading of the hair shaft caused by periodic narrowing with the nodes separated by about 0.7 mm. The cause of the beading is unknown. The expression of monilethrix is variable.2 In mild cases, dystrophic hairs may be found only on the occiput, but severely affected individuals may suffer complete alopecia.

Most cases described so far are associated with mutations in the type II (basic) trichocyte keratin genes hHb1 and hHb6 .2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Both genes have a mutational hotspot in the region coding for the helix termination motif. Most mutations seem to affect the same residues—glutamic acids at positions 413 and 402.3,6,10,15 Mutations affecting the helix initiation motif have also been found.7 From the phenotype, it is apparent that hHb1 and hHb6 are major hair cortex keratins. A third type II trichocyte keratin, hHb3, is expressed in much the same pattern as hHb1.16 From this, it may be expected that mutations of hHb3 may cause monilethrix as well. However, mutations in this gene have so far not been described.

We analysed three patients suffering from monilethrix for the presence of mutations in hHb1 , hHb3 , and hHb6 . In one patient, we found a heterozygous missense mutation in hHb3 causing the substitution of a glutamic acid by a lysine at position 407 in the helix termination motif (E407K). This mutation corresponds to the E402K substitution in hHb1 and hHb6, clearly defining this particular residue as a trichocyte keratin …
Iron oxide dehydrogenation catalysts supported on magnesium oxide. Part 2.—Reduction behaviour (1991)

The reduction behaviour of iron oxide supported on magnesium oxide has been studied using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-field magnetic measurements. The catalysts, containing 1–6 wt.% Fe, were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation of a preshaped magnesium oxide support with organometallic complexes, such as, ammonium iron(III) citrate and ammonium iron(III) EDTA. In the fresh calcined catalyst the iron oxide is present as magnesium ferrite, MgFe2O4. With TPR two broad reduction peaks, reflecting the sequential reduction of Fe3+via Fe2+ to Fe0, were observed. High-field magnetic measurements enabled us to describe the reduction behaviour in detail. In the first reduction step, proceeding at ca. 630 K, MgFe2O4 is reduced to FeO partly via Fe3O4. A second reduction step at 750 K results in the formation of metallic iron. Part of the metallic iron has been found to be present in the form of superparamagnetic particles within the MgO support.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Novel Energy-Harvesting Thermoelectric Power Supply for Wireless Sensors (2006)

A prototype energy-harvesting thermoelectric generator (TEG) was designed and fabricated and it is being tested to provide power for wireless sensors used in the health monitoring (monitoring of temperatures, vibrations, strains, etc) of Navy shipboard machinery. TEGs are rugged, reliable, solid-state devices that convert heat directly into electricity without any moving parts. The TEGs designed in this project utilize the heat transfer between shipboard waste heat sources and ambient air to generate electricity. To satisfy the required small design volume of less than one cubic inch, Hi-Z Technology, Inc. (Hi-Z) is using its innovative Quantum Well (QW) thermoelectric technology that provides a factor of four increase in the conversion efficiency, and a large reduction in the design volume over the currently used bulk bismuth-telluride thermoelectics. QWs are nanostructured multi-layer thin films. These wireless sensors can be used to detect cracks, corrosion, impact damage, and temperature and vibration excursions as part of the Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) of the Navy ship machinery. The CBM of ship machinery can be significantly improved by automating the process with the use of self-powered wireless sensors. These power-harvesting TEGs can be used to replace batteries as electrical power sources and to eliminate tethered wires and cables, thus significantly reducing the installation and maintenance costs. The very first QW TEG module anywhere was just successfully tested (it produced electricity from heat). It remains to package this module with thermal insulation in the housing and heat sink, and to test this entire TEG device in a simulated thermal environment of a Navy gas turbine. Following this test, it is planned to attach this device to the surface of a gas turbine on a Navy ship and to test it in its actual environment, in conjunction with a wireless sensor. This power supply for wireless sensors can also be used in health monitoring of equipment in the nuclear and conventional power plants, process plants, and the monitoring of temperatures, vibrations and pressures of steam lines, etc. Hi-Z has chosen this small power supply as the first practical application of its emerging QW TEG technology. However, this technology can also be used on a much larger scale in, for example, recovering the waste heat from the exhaust of the truck and automobile engines, where the generated electricity can be used to eliminate the alternator and thus reduce the load on the engine, improve overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐HT Receptor Subtypes: Molecular and Functional Diversity (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular analysis of male-viable deletions and duplications allows ordering of 52 DNA probes on proximal Xq. (1988)

While performing a systematic search for chromosomal microdeletions in patients with clinically complex X-linked syndromes, we have observed that large male-viable deletions and duplications are clustered in heterochromatic regions of the X chromosome. Apart from the Xp21 band, where numerous deletions have been found that encompass the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, an increasing number of deletions and duplications have been observed that span (part of) the Xq21 segment. To refine the molecular and genetic map of this region, we have employed 52 cloned single-copy DNA sequences from the Xcen-q22 segment to characterize two partly overlapping tandem duplications and two interstitial deletions on the proximal long arm of the human X chromosome. Together with a panel of somatic cell hybrids that had been described earlier, these four rearrangements enabled us to order the 52 probes into nine different groups and to narrow the regional assignment of several genes, including those for tapetochoroidal dystrophy and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
Conflict-Free Accesses to Strided Vectors on a Banked Cache (2005)

With the advance of integration technology, it has become feasible to implement a microprocessor, a vector unit, and a multimegabyte bank-interleaved L2 cache on a single die. Parallel access to strided vectors on the L2 cache is a major performance issue on such vector microprocessors. A major difficulty for such a parallel access is that one would like to interleave the cache on a block size basis in order to benefit from spatial locality and to maintain a low tag volume, while strided vector accesses naturally work on a word granularity. In this paper, we address this issue. Considering a parallel vector unit with 2/sup n/ independent lanes, a 2/sup n/ bank interleaved cache, and a cache line size of 2/sup k/ words, we show that any slice of 2/sup n+k/ consecutive elements of any strided vector with stride 2/sup r/R with R odd and r /spl les/ k can be accessed in the L2 cache and routed back to the lanes in 2/sup k/ subslices of 2/sup n/ elements.
Rapid repair of injured gastric mucosa. (1984)

The morphology of the rat gastric mucosa superficially damaged by a 30-45 sec exposure to 100% ethanol caused over 99% of the luminal surface to be necrotic without extensive hemorrhage or hyperemia. However, this damaged area restituted or rapidly healed and the process was described. These findings were compared with in vitro gastric mucosae of bullfrogs and guinea pigs which were damaged with 1 or 1.25 M NaCl and allowed to restitute. The rat gastric mucosa showed evidence of cell migration within 5 min after ethanol damage and after 15 min as much as 50% of the denuded basement membrane was restituted. After 30 min about 75% of the mucosa was covered with cells and by 1 h there were only minor epithelial discontinuities. The in vitro frog mucosal restitution after hypertonic injury was slower and required 1-2 h to show appreciable cell migration and 4-6 h for completion of the repair process. Using chambered guinea pig gastric mucosa damaged with hypertonic NaCl restituted the necrotic surface almost as rapidly as the intact rat stomach necrotized with absolute ethanol. Since prostaglandin treatment did not prevent ethanol or hypertonic salt injury or affect the restitution process it was proposed that the term cytoprotection as it is generally used is not appropriate.
Integration of Single‐Crystal LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Thin Film on Silicon by Laser Irradiation and Ion Implantation– Induced Layer Transfer (2006)

Integration of high-quality ferroelectric thin films, e.g., LiNbO3, in planar device architectures on silicon substrates remains a technological challenge. The successful fabrication of a suspended micro-disk resonator structure (see figure) suggests that the method reported here—a combination of wafer bonding, ion implantation, and layer transfer induced by laser irradiation—may be useful in optoelectronic device applications.
Taxonomic Study of Lancefield Streptococcal Groups C, G, and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and Proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov. (1996)

Streptococcus dysgalactiae consists of at least five distinct subgroups on the basis of serogroups, biotypes, and hosts. A chemotaxonomic and phenotypic examination of 80 S. dysgalactiae strains representing the known diversity within this species and 49 reference strains representing all members of the streptococcal pyogenic species group revealed two subpopulations of strains within S. dysgalactiae. The name S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae is proposed for strains of animal origin. These strains belong to Lancefield serogroups C and L, are alpha-, beta-, or nonhemolytic, and do not exhibit streptokinase activity on human plasminogen or proteolytic activity on human fibrin. The name S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is proposed for human isolates. These strains belong to Lancefield serogroups C and G, are beta-hemolytic, and exhibit streptokinase activity on human plasminogen and proteolytic activity on human fibrin.
Structural and electrical properties of BKT rich Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-K0.5Na0.5NbO3 system (2013)

A new lead free (1−x) Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–(x) K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (BKT-KNN) system (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) with density of 94-97% is reported. Tetragonal structure of BKT-KNN is apparent for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06 with 1.02 ≤ (c/a) ≤ 1.012. Compositions with x ≥ 0.15 show orthorhombic structure (like KNN) and x = 0.08 & x = 0.10 are pseudocubic. Addition of KNN by a small amount (up to 4 mole %) is shown to improve piezoelectric properties, keeping the ferroelectric and dielectric values comparable to those of BKT. Optimized properties with d33 = 129 pC/N, kp = 29%, Pmax = 35 μC/cm2, Pr = 24 μC/cm2, ɛm = 4600, Tm = 370 °C and Td = 260 °C are observed for x = 0.03 sample. In the tetragonal range, a correlation between lattice distortion (c/a), piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and depolarization temperature Td is established. Decrease in c/a seems to result in easy poling by field and easy depoling by temperature, leading to an increase in d33 but a decrease in Td. A phase diagram for 1-xBKT-xKNN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) is proposed. It is shown that addition of more than 6 mole % of KNN leads to the lowering of Td (where the structure becomes tetragonal to pseudocubic) considerably, resulting into a shift in tetragonal- pseudocubic phase boundary towards lower temperature.
Using multi-agent potential fields in real-time strategy games (2008)

Bots for Real Time Strategy (Rts) games provide a rich challenge to implement. A bot controls a number of units that may have to navigate in a partially unknown environment, while at the same time search for enemies and coordinate attacks to fight them down. Potential fields is a technique originating from the area of robotics where it is used in controlling the navigation of robots in dynamic environments. Although attempts have been made to transfer the technology to the gaming sector, assumed problems with efficiency and high costs for implementation have made the industry reluctant to adopt it. We present a Multi-agent Potential Field based bot architecture that is evaluated in a real time strategy game setting and compare it, both in terms of performance, and in terms of softer attributes such as configurability with other state-of-the-art solutions. Although our solution did not reach the performance standards of traditional Rts bots in the test, we see great unexploited benefits in using multi-agent potential field based solutions in Rts games.
Synthesis of Polyphosphazenes with Sulfonimide Side Groups (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Polyphosphazenes with Sulfonimide Side GroupsMichael A. Hofmann, Catherine M. Ambler, Andrew E. Maher, Elena Chalkova, Xiangyang Y. Zhou, Serguei N. Lvov, and Harry R. AllcockView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Energy Institute, and Department of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 17, 6490–6493Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2002Publication History Received4 March 2002Revised19 June 2002Published online17 July 2002Published inissue 1 August 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020330zCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1415Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (42 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Fluoropolymers,Membranes,Nucleic acid structure,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Measuring System for Engine Exhaust Solid Particle Number Emission - Design and Performance (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A prototype solid particle counting system (SPCS) has been developed in Horiba. It measures the engine exhaust solid particle number emissions in real-time. The instrument is designed to follow the recommendation in the PMP proposal for solid particle number emissions measurement on Light-duty diesel vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two wide range continuous diluters, which were developed during this project, have been used as cold and hot diluters, respectively. The accuracy of the dilution ratio is normally ± 4% for the designed range. The instrument has low particle losses, and exhibits over 95% penetration for solid particles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The new instrument has functions such as, normal measurement, dilution ratio control, daily calibration for condensation particle counter (CPC), etc. These functions have been automated to make the instrument's operation simple.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The performance of the instrument was evaluated in different laboratories, and all measured parameters are above the minimum requirements recommended by the PMP. Consistent test results have been obtained.</div>
A Cost-Effective Method of Aerosolizing Dry Powdered Nanoparticles (2013)

The ability to produce nanoscale aerosols from dry powdered material is needed for studies of the toxicity and environmental transformation and fate of manufactured nanoparticles. Wet aerosol generation methods can alter particle chemistry, while dry methods often cannot produce truly nanoscale aerosols. We have developed a cost-effective dry dispersion technique for manufactured nanoparticles and have demonstrated its use with C60 fullerene, TiO2, and CeO2. The system disperses dry powders to create aerosols with mode diameters below 100 nm. Average mode and median diameters for each of the tested manufactured nanoparticles are 91 and 107 nm for C60, 65 and 77 nm for TiO2, and 40 and 43 nm for CeO2. All aerosols exhibit right-skewed unimodal distributions and irregular morphology. Aerosol mass concentrations produced by the dispersion system vary linearly with the mass of nanomaterial loaded into it and are of a magnitude appropriate for inhalation nanotoxicology studies. This work demonstrates the ability of a simple device to produce nanoscale aerosols from powdered engineered nanoparticles. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Imaging flash LIDAR for safe landing on solar system bodies and spacecraft rendezvous and docking (2015)

NASA has been pursuing flash lidar technology for autonomous, safe landing on solar system bodies and for automated rendezvous and docking. During the final stages of landing, from about 1 km to 500 m above the ground, the flash lidar can generate 3-Dimensional images of the terrain to identify hazardous features such as craters, rocks, and steep slopes. The onboard flight computer can then use the 3-D map of terrain to guide the vehicle to a safe location. As an automated rendezvous and docking sensor, the flash lidar can provide relative range, velocity, and bearing from an approaching spacecraft to another spacecraft or a space station. NASA Langley Research Center has developed and demonstrated a flash lidar sensor system capable of generating 16k pixels range images with 7 cm precision, at a 20 Hz frame rate, from a maximum slant range of 1800 m from the target area. This paper describes the lidar instrument and presents the results of recent flight tests onboard a rocket-propelled free-flyer vehicle (Morpheus) built by NASA Johnson Space Center. The flights were conducted at a simulated lunar terrain site, consisting of realistic hazard features and designated landing areas, built at NASA Kennedy Space Center specifically for this demonstration test. This paper also provides an overview of the plan for continued advancement of the flash lidar technology aimed at enhancing its performance to meet both landing and automated rendezvous and docking applications.