gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear and modulates plasticity in the pathway from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala (2014)

Fearful experiences can produce long-lasting and debilitating memories. Extinction of the fear response requires consolidation of new memories that compete with fearful associations. Subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show impaired extinction of conditioned fear, which is associated with decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) control over amygdala activity. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances memory consolidation in both rats and humans, and pairing VNS with exposure to conditioned cues enhances the consolidation of extinction learning in rats. Here we investigated whether pairing VNS with extinction learning facilitates plasticity between the infralimbic (IL) medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). Rats were trained on an auditory fear conditioning task, which was followed by a retention test and 1 day of extinction training. Vagus nerve stimulation or sham-stimulation was administered concurrently with exposure to the fear-conditioned stimulus and retention of fear conditioning was tested again 24 h later. Vagus nerve stimulation-treated rats demonstrated a significant reduction in freezing after a single extinction training session similar to animals that received 5× the number of extinction pairings. To study plasticity in the IL-BLA pathway, we recorded evoked field potentials (EFPs) in the BLA in anesthetized animals 24 h after retention testing. Brief burst stimulation in the IL produced LTD in the BLA field response in fear-conditioned and sham-treated animals. In contrast, the same stimulation resulted in potentiation of the IL-BLA pathway in the VNS-treated group. The present findings suggest that VNS promotes plasticity in the IL-BLA pathway to facilitate extinction of conditioned fear responses (CFRs).
Knee menisci. Correlation between microstructure and biomechanics. (1986)

Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to define the microstructure of human knee menisci. Two structurally different regions were shown: a mesial part that included the innermost two thirds and a peripheral part formed by the remaining outer one third. The organization of collagen bundles of the mesial part demonstrated a radial pattern. Those of the peripheral part were larger and circumferential. The articular surfaces of the mesial part were lined by thinner bundles parallel to the surface, while the outer portion was covered by synovium. This structural organization suggested specific biomechanical functions: mainly compression mesially with tension peripherally and a direct translation of forces from the inner wedge-shaped part to the outermost region. The covering layer is well suited for surface to surface motion. Outward displacement of the menisci by the femoral condyles is resisted by solid anchorage of the peripheral circumferential fibers to the intercondylar bone. The resistance to such displacement would force the femoral condyles inwards. Such an organization of menisci has implications in knee joint stability and in the pathology of meniscal injuries.
Newly developed ternary (Ca, Sr, Ba) zirconate ceramic system for microwave resonators (1980)

Abstract In Ca, Sr-rich region with orthorhombic perovskite-type structure, successful results such as high dielectric Q (2000∼3000 at 11GHz), suitable dielectric constant, (29∼32) and widely adjustable temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (−50 to +50 ppm/°C) were obtained. It was also found that substitution of small amounts of Ti for Zr brings some decrease in temperature coefficient with increase in dielectric Q. Using above described ceramics in microwave integrated circuits oscillator with GaAs FET, a compensation for temperature dependence of circuit elements was well achieved within the value which corresponds to the deviation of oscillation frequency within ± 500KHz at 11.66GHz (−20∼+60°C).
Dynamic VM Dependability Monitoring Using Hypervisor Probes (2015)

Many current VM monitoring approaches require guest OS modifications and are also unable to perform application level monitoring, reducing their value in a cloud setting. This paper introduces hprobes, a framework that allows one to dynamically monitor applications and operating systems inside a VM. The hprobe framework does not require any changes to the guest OS, which avoids the tight coupling of monitoring with its target. Furthermore, the monitors can be customized and enabled/disabled while the VM is running. To demonstrate the usefulness of this framework, we present three sample detectors: an emergency detector for a security vulnerability, an application watchdog, and an infinite-loop detector. We test our detectors on real applications and demonstrate that those detectors achieve an acceptable level of performance overhead with a high degree of flexibility.
Epitaxial growth of superconducting niobium thin films by ultrahigh vacuum evaporation (1986)

A series of thin films of niobium have been grown on various orientations of single crystal sapphire by e-beam evaporation in an ultrahigh vacuum molecular beam epitaxy system. The films were grown at temperatures between 600 and 950 °C and at growth rates from 0.1 to 10 Å/s. The films were single-crystal as determined by both in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns and by Read photographs. The best films had rocking curve widths of the order of 1/10 of a degree. The superconducting transition temperature was measured as a function of film thickness and crystal orientation and ranged up to 9.35 K for a thick sample grown on [11̄02] sapphire.
kV-Class GaN-on-Si HEMTs Enabling 99% Efficiency Converter at 800 V and 100 kHz (2013)

kV-class GaN high electron mobility transistors built on low-cost Si substrate have been developed with proven switching performance. These devices show a blocking voltage >1200 V, low on-resistance <;0.19 Ω, and high switching speed >200 V/ns. A 3-kW 400 V:800 V hard-switched boost converter based on the GaN transistor achieves 99% efficiency at 100 kHz, well exceeding that of other competing semiconductors.
The impact of breastmilk on infant and child health. (2002)

Infant-formula-feeding is inferior to breastfeeding because human milk provides specific and non-specific factors that have long-term consequences for early metabolism and the development of disease. Human milk enhances the immature immunologic system of the neonate and strengthens host defense mechanisms against infective and other foreign agents. Some mechanisms that explain active stimulation of the infant's immune system by breastfeeding are the bioactive factors in human milk such as hormones, growth factors and colony stimulating factors, as well as specific nutrients. Human milk may reduce the incidence of disease in infancy because mammalian evolution promotes a survival advantage. In addition, factors in milk promote gastrointestinal mucosal maturation, decrease the incidence of infection, alter gut microflora, and have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Hormones, growth factors and cytokines in human milk may modulate the development of disease. Furthermore breastfed babies have reduced exposure to foreign dietary antigen. Following the termination of breastfeeding, there is evidence of ongoing protection against illness due to protective influences on the immune system mediated via human milk. Industry continues to attempt to improve infant formula with the addition of compounds such as fatty acids, oligosaccharides, nucleotides and lactoferrin. However, human milk has such far-reaching effects on the infant's immune response that optimal development depends heavily on its provision. All mothers should be encouraged and supported to continue breastfeeding for six months and beyond in order to promote the good health of their infants.
Cell Proliferation in the Bronchial Mucosa of Asthmatics and Chronic Bronchitics (1994)

In chronic inflammatory diseases, cells are recruited but may also derive from local proliferation. In normal bronchial epithelium, under 5% of cells are in cycle but in asthma and chronic bronchitis, proliferation may occur. Cycling cells can be identified by immunohistochemistry using PC10 monoclonal antibody (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, PCNA). We enumerated PCNA-positive cells (labeling index = LI) in bronchial biopsies of 11 healthy non-smokers (HNS), seven healthy smokers (HS), 30 non-smoking asthmatics (NSA), six smoking asthmatics (SA) and 18 chronic bronchitics (CB). Twenty non-small cell lung cancer patients were used as positive control subjects. Ciliated and secretory cells were PCNA-negative. Basal cells were PCNA-positive in one of the 11 HNS (LI = 0.18 +/- 0.60), none of the seven HS, two of the 30 NSA (LI = 0.05 +/- 0.20), two of the six SA (LI = 2.4 +/- 4.3) and 11 of the 18 CB (LI = 12 +/- 20). In smokers, PCNA positivity correlated with tobacco consumption (Rho = 0.62, p < 0.0008) and in patients with chronic bronchitis, with the degree of metaplasia (tau = 0.815, p < 0.0001). The submucosa of most subjects showed no PCNA immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that the bronchial mucosa of nonsmokers is not hyperproliferative, even in asthmatics. Tobacco smoking increases PCNA immunoreactivity, possibly leading to the metaplasia of chronic bronchitis.
Clinical phenotypes of asthma (2003)

The classic phenotype of IgE-mediated asthma starting in childhood is now clearly defined. However, many other phenotypes of asthma in childhood as well in adulthood are being recognized. In particular, asthma starting in adulthood and noneosinophilic asthma constitute an important part of the adult asthma population, and are still poorly defined. A precise definition of these asthma phenotypes is urgently needed because they are likely to be associated with different genotypes, responses to treatment, and prognoses.
Alterations in expression and function of signal-transducing proteins in tumor-associated T and natural killer cells in patients with ovarian carcinoma. (1996)

Tumor-associated lymphocytes (TALs) freshly isolated from patients with cancer usually manifest reduced proliferative and cytolytic functions. To determine whether alterations in signal transduction contribute to functional impairments seen in TALs, we purified populations of T and natural killer (NK) cells by negative selection from ascites of seven patients with ovarian carcinoma. The average purity was 84 +/- 5% for CD3(+) TALs and 77 +/- 10% for CD3(-)CD56(+)CD16(+) TALs. Expression of several signal transduction molecules, including the CD3-epsilon, CD3-zeta, and FcepsilonRI-gamma chains, p56(lck) protein tyrosine kinase, and phospholipase C-gamma1, was studied in these cells using Western blotting. A marked decrease in expression of zeta and FcepsilonRI-gamma associated with CD3 or FcgammaRIIIA was observed in T or NK cells obtained from TALs, as compared to T or NK cells purified from normal peripheral blood. Expression of CD3-epsilon, as assessed using flow cytometry, Western blotting, or ELISA was also reduced in purified TAL-T cells relative to that in normal peripheral blood T cells. Surface expression of CD3 on T cells and FcgammaRIIIA on NK cells obtained from TALs was significantly decreased in comparison to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs): the mean fluorescence intensity of CD3 was 277 +/- 18 for TAL-T (n = 7) versus 349 +/- 13 for PBL-T (n = 9) and that of CD16 was 58 +/- 1 for TAL-NK (n = 7) versus 385 +/- 55 for PBL-NK (n = 23) cells. These observations suggest a defect in assembly of T cell receptor and FcgammaRIIIA multicomponent transmembrane receptors, which are zeta and gamma dependent. In addition to alterations in expression, the function of these receptors was also modified, since cross-linking of CD3 on TAL-T and CD16 on TAL-NK cells with the respective monoclonal antibodies resulted in a pattern of protein phosphorylation that was distinct from that observed in normal PBLs. Expression of tyrosine kinase p56(lck) and its kinase activity were also depressed, while expression of phospholipase C-gamma1 appeared to be normal in most preparations of the TALs tested. In vitro proliferation of TAL-T in response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and TAL-NK cells to interleukin 2 were significantly depressed as was the ability to produce IFN-gamma. In contrast, TAL-T cells were able to produce interleukin 10 at levels similar to those secreted by normal PBLs. Thus, in TALs obtained from patients with advanced ovarian cancer, alterations in expression and activity of signaling molecules were associated with reduced cellular functions such as proliferation and production of certain cytokines.
Continuum perspective of bulk viscosity in compressible fluids (2017)

Kinetic theory and acoustic measurements have proven that the bulk viscosity associated with the expansion or compression effect cannot be ignored in compressible fluids except for monatomic gases. A new theoretical formula for the bulk viscosity coefficient (BVC) $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ is derived by the continuum medium methodology, which provides a further understanding of the bulk viscosity, i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ is equal to the product of the bulk modulus $K$ and the relaxation time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}=K\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ ). The continuum and kinetic theories present consistent results from macro- and microperspectives respectively, only differing in terms of a coefficient. The theoretical predictions of the BVC in diatomic molecules, such as $\text{N}_{2}$ , $\text{O}_{2}$ and CO, show good agreement with the experimental data over a wide range of temperature. In addition, the vibrational contributions to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ are controlled by a rapid exponential decrease at high temperatures, while at low temperatures a slow linear increase proceeds for the rotational cases. The relaxation time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ , collision number $Z$ , BVC $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ and ratio of bulk-to-shear viscosities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ in the vibrational mode are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than those in the rotational mode.
A single InP-on-SOI microdisk for high-speed half-duplex on-chip optical links (2012)

We demonstrate for the first time that a single compact, electrically contacted indium phosphide based microdisk heterogeneously integrated on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide can be used as both a high-speed modulator and photo detector. We demonstrate high-speed operation up to 10 Gb/s and present bit-error rate results of both operation modes.
La Poste Suisse, un “Champion National” (2000)

MIR
Electron-Impact Ionization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math> (1968)

In the first part of the paper, cross sections for the electron-impact ionization of the $2s$ and the $2p$, $m=0, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ states of atomic hydrogen have been calculated, using two forms, B. E. (i) and B. E. (ii), of the Born-exchange approximation. For the form B. E. (i), it is found that inclusion of exchange increases the cross section for the $2p(m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ transition, but decreases the cross sections for the $2s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ and $2p(m=0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ transitions. In the B. E. (ii) calculation, inclusion of exchange always decreases the cross sections. For the $2s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ transition Prasad's Born-exchange calculations are verified. In the second part, the binary collision approximation of Vainshtein has been applied to the $2s$ and the $2p$ ionization, and it is found that the Vainshtein approximation with its proper choice of effective charge does not agree with the Born-exchange approximation. A new expression for the exchange amplitude has been derived in the Vainshtein approximation. We have concluded by comparing the results of the Born, the Born-exchange, the Born-Ochkur, and the Vainshtein's approximations for the ionization of the $1s$, $2s$, and the $2p$ states of atomic hydrogen.
Torque Ripple Improvement for Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using an Asymmetric Flux Barrier Arrangement (2004)

An interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is a highly efficient motor and operates in a wide speed range; therefore, it is used in many industrial and home appliance applications. However, the torque ripple of synchronous motors such as the IPMSM and synchronous reluctance motor is very large. The variation of magnetic resistance between the flux barriers and teeth causes the torque ripple. In this paper, flux barriers are asymmetrically designed so that the relative positions between the outer edges of the flux barriers and the teeth do not correspond. As a result, torque ripple can be reduced dramatically.
TEM Observation of Defects Induced by Cu Contamination on Si(100) Surface (1988)

The behavior of a Si(100) surface defect induced by intentional Cu contamination was studied with transmission electron microscopy. After annealing at 1150°C for 1 hour in N 2 atmosphere, colony precipitates lying along (110) planes were observed only on the surface of the wafer. These precipitates were estimated to be Cu 6 Si-type silicides by the selected area diffraction pattern. During additional annealing in an oxidation atmosphere, stacking faults were formed from each of colony precipitates. This indicated that colony precipitates were the nucleus of oxidation-induced stacking faults.
The association between naltrexone compliance and daily supervision (2000)

Abstract Most studies investigating the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance as a treatment for illicit heroin use have reported poor patient compliance in taking naltrexone. A number of studies have, however, reported better compliance when patients receive family therapy, or when patients resided in a supportive family environment. These studies suggest that patient outcomes on naltrexone maintenance may be better if there is ongoing family support to continue naltrexone use. The current study investigated 6‐month outcome status in 300 illicit heroin users who commenced naltrexone maintenance in a community‐based out‐patient treatment programme. The study aimed to assess the relationship between vigilance of naltrexone supervision by salient others over the first 6 weeks of treatment and patient status at 6 months. Supervision of naltrexone at week 6 was a predictor of a patient's status at 6 months, with those receiving less supervision of 3–4 days more likely to have returned to heroin use or be assessed as ‘heroin use undetermined’. In contrast, patients who still received naltrexone supervision for 6 or 7 days per week at week 6 were more likely to be taking naltrexone or were naltrexone‐ and heroin‐free at 6 months. It is argued that since relapse to heroin use is a common occurrence, vigilant supervision of naltrexone dosing in a supportive environment may improve patient retention and reduce relapse. It is suggested that poor outcomes reported in many previous studies may reflect use of inadequate supportive frameworks that encourage naltrexone compliance.
Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2010)

our enrichment technology, based on the removal of normal cells, has been used on the peripheral blood of patients with head and neck cancer for which follow-up data were collected. If no CTCs were present, a statistically significant improved disease-free survival was observed in SCCHN. A blood test with such a prognostic capability could have important implications in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer.
Laser operation of a heterojunction bipolar light-emitting transistor (2004)

Data are presented demonstrating the laser operation (quasicontinuous, ∼200K) of an InGaP–GaAs–InGaAs heterojunction bipolar light-emitting transistor with AlGaAs confining layers and an InGaAs recombination quantum well incorporated in the p-type base region. Besides the usual spectral narrowing and mode development occurring at laser threshold, the transistor current gain β=ΔIc∕ΔIb in common emitter operation decreases sharply at laser threshold (6.5→2.5,β&gt;1).
X-ray powder diffraction data for [Co(NH <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>5</sub> Br]Br <sub>2</sub> (1996)

The X-ray powder diffraction pattern for the title compound is reported in the range 10<2θ<60°. The sample was purified by recrystallization and was indexed using the program DICVOL91 and TREOR90. Refined unit parameters for the orthorhombic system ( Pnma or Pn 2 1 a ) are: a =13.7098(8) Å, b =10.7153(7) Å, c =6.9473(4) Å, V =1020.59 Å 3 , Z =4, D x =2.50 g cm −3 . M 20 =49, F 30 =93(0.0075, 43).
Leukotriene B <sub>4</sub> Produces Hyperalgesia That Is Dependent on Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1984)

Leukotriene B4, at the same intracutaneous doses as bradykinin, reduced the nociceptive threshold in the rat paw. The mechanism of leukotriene B4-induced hyperalgesia was distinguished from that of the hyperalgesia elicited by prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin by its dependence on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and independence of the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid.
Antigenicity of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Passage Serially in Chick Embryo Cell Culture (1986)

This study deal with the proliferation and antigenicity of Nakayama NIH, JaGAr 01, Mie 44-1 and Beijing-1 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus grown in chick embryo cell cultures.1.High titered virus yields were obtained when the Nakayama-NIH, JaGAr 01 and Beijing-1 strains were passage through over serially 8 times in CE cell culture.2.The hemagglutinating (HA) activity of Nakayama NIH and Mie 44-1 strains grown in CE cell culture decreased markedly by treatment with 1.0%Tween 80, while that of 2 remaining strains were unaffected.3.Antigenic relationship among the 4 strains were checked by HI and NT tests, using mouse antiserum against inactivated vaccine.Antiserum of Nakayama NIH showed low NT and HI titers against JaGAr 01 and Beijing-1 strains, but was found no significant discrepancy against Mie 44-1 strain.4.Both Beijing-1 strain and JaGAr 01 strain showed high closs reaction by HI and NT tests and seemed to fall under the same immunotype.5.Inactivated vaccine of Nakayama NIH and Beijing-1 grown in CE cell culture were found to have the same level of potency against each homologous strains, compare to commercial mouse brain vaccine.