gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discussion: medical illness and depression (2006)

T he comorbidity of medical and psychiatric illness presents many dilemmas for psychiatric diagnosis that have not been sufficiently taken into account in either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manu al of Mental Disorders IV -Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) or the Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) psychiatric section.These lexicons have not considered the confounds that arise with medical and psychiatric comorbidity.For example, vegetative signs of fatigue, change in appetite (increased or decreased), diminished libido, and sleep disturbances (either hypo or hypersomnia) can accompany medical illness, e.g., cardiac disease, or major affective disorders (MAD).DSM states that if a symptom can be attributable to a medical disease it cannot be enlisted to support a psychiatric diagnosis.Because it is so difficult to ascertain symptom attribution, the diagnosis of depression in the medically ill is significantly compromised with comorbidity.Symptom origin can be psychological, medical -somatic, pharmacological, mixed -or indeterminate.Comorbidity then means that there are two systems of diagnoses, two genres of medications to be considered, two disciplines of medical doctors, and two systems of patient care.Since depression is associated with making many medical illnesses worse it is essential that an attempt be made to diagnose this protean disease in the medical setting.For example, it has been shown that depressed patients with a Discussion: medical illness and depression
QMEAN: A comprehensive scoring function for model quality assessment (2007)

In protein structure prediction, a considerable number of alternative models are usually produced from which subsequently the final model has to be selected. Thus, a scoring function for the identification of the best model within an ensemble of alternative models is a key component of most protein structure prediction pipelines. QMEAN, which stands for Qualitative Model Energy ANalysis, is a composite scoring function describing the major geometrical aspects of protein structures. Five different structural descriptors are used. The local geometry is analyzed by a new kind of torsion angle potential over three consecutive amino acids. A secondary structure-specific distance-dependent pairwise residue-level potential is used to assess long-range interactions. A solvation potential describes the burial status of the residues. Two simple terms describing the agreement of predicted and calculated secondary structure and solvent accessibility, respectively, are also included. A variety of different implementations are investigated and several approaches to combine and optimize them are discussed. QMEAN was tested on several standard decoy sets including a molecular dynamics simulation decoy set as well as on a comprehensive data set of totally 22,420 models from server predictions for the 95 targets of CASP7. In a comparison to five well-established model quality assessment programs, QMEAN shows a statistically significant improvement over nearly all quality measures describing the ability of the scoring function to identify the native structure and to discriminate good from bad models. The three-residue torsion angle potential turned out to be very effective in recognizing the native fold.
A new two-stage global/local motion estimation based on a background/foreground segmentation (2002)

In video coding, the reduction of temporal redundancy is the key to achieving high performance. In the framework of sequence coding, motion estimation and compensation has been shown to be very efficient at removing temporal redundancy. The motion existing in a scene can be mainly seen as arising from local motions superimposed to the camera motion. A new two stage global/local motion estimation approach is presented. The global motion estimation only relies on the background information. It is based on a matching technique and the global motion model is chosen to be affine. Simulation results show significant improvements obtained with the proposed method compared to the usual methods.
Adjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer (2007)

Patients with stage II and III rectal cancer benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Studies of postoperative adjuvant therapy consistently demonstrate decreases in locoregional recurrence with the use of radiation therapy. The use of postoperative chemotherapy results in improved disease-free survival and overall survival in certain studies. Preoperative radiation therapy decreases locoregional recurrence and in one study demonstrated an improvement in survival. The addition of chemotherapy to preoperative radiation results in improved locoregional control, but not survival. Preoperative chemoradiation is the standard of care for patients with clinical stage II and III rectal cancer in the United States due to improved local recurrence, acute and late toxicity, and sphincter preservation compared with postoperative chemoradiation. Promising approaches include the incorporation of new chemotherapeutic and biologic agents into chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens; new radiation techniques, such as the use of intraoperative radiation therapy and an accelerated concomitant radiation boost; and gene and protein expression profiling, to better predict response to treatment and prognosis.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF AROYL AND ARENESULFONYL FLUORIDES FROM THE CORRESPONDING CHLORIDES USING ZINC FLUORIDE‐PYRIDINE SYSTEM (1978)

Convenient preparation of aroyl and arenesulfonyl fluorides in high yields was achieved by the reaction of the corresponding chlorides with zinc fluoride in pyridine.
Autoxidation of Human Hemoglobin: Kinetic Analysis of the pH-Profile. (1993)

The autoxidation reaction of human hemoglobin A was studied over the pH range of 5.3-10.4 in 0.1 M buffer at 37 degrees C. In the first-order plot, hemoglobin showed a biphasic reaction, which consisted of a rapid initial reaction and was followed by a slower second phase in the acidic or neutral pH range (5.3-8). However, this difference decreased with increase of pH of the solution and only a single-phase reaction was observed in alkali solutions above pH 8. For the kinetic analysis of the time course of the reaction, computer fitting was made to obtain curves as a function of time by a non-linear least squares method using a biphasic first-order equation with rate constants of kf and ks for the initial fast component reaction and for the slower second reaction, respectively. The parameter of the molar fraction (P) with a rate constant of kf was computed in the range of 0.45-0.55, which means that hemoglobin was autoxidized with half of the component via the reaction process with the initial rapid rate (kf) and the other half via the reaction with the following slower rate (ks). kf and ks thus obtained versus pH plot also indicated that (1) both rate constants increase markedly with increase in hydrogen ion concentrations, but (2) when pH > 8, kf becomes equal to ks with P = 1.0, and (3) there appears a rate minimum at pH 8-8.5, followed by a considerable elevation of the rate with increase in hydroxyl ion concentration. In order to examine these complicated pH-profiles, some mechanistic models were proposed for the autoxidation reaction of hemoglobin. Fitting of their rate equations as a function of pH was examined for the experimental rate constants kf and ks versus pH plot by the least squares method with use of a computer. Both pH-profiles could be best explained by the "acid-base catalyzed model." This revealed not only the catalytic role of hydrogen ions but also the involvement of hydroxyl ions and water molecules in the autoxidation reaction of human hemoglobin.
Microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum via its carboxyl-terminal 35 amino acids. (1994)

Rat microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase (msALDH) has no amino-terminal signal sequence, but instead it has a characteristic hydrophobic domain at the carboxyl terminus (Miyauchi, K., R. Masaki, S. Taketani, A. Yamamoto, A. Akayama, and Y. Tashiro. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:19536-19542). This membrane-bound enzyme is a useful model protein for studying posttranslational localization to its final destination. When expressed from cDNA in COS-1 cells, wild-type msALDH is localized exclusively in the well-developed ER. The removal of the hydrophobic domain results in the cytosolic localization of truncated proteins, thus suggesting that the portion is responsible for membrane anchoring. The last 35 amino acids of msALDH, including the hydrophobic domain, are sufficient for targeting of E. coli beta-galactosidase to the ER membrane. Further studies using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins suggest that two hydrophilic sequences on either side of the hydrophobic domain play an important role in ER targeting.
Coronary Laser Angioplasty: Developing the Optimum Laser Wavelength, Fiber Optics, and Catheter Design (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text TIMOTHY A. SANBORN, "Coronary Laser Angioplasty: Developing the Optimum Laser Wavelength, Fiber Optics, and Catheter Design," Optics & Photonics News 3(10), 14-15 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
OSPF: Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol (1998)

From the Publisher:
Written for TCP/IP network administrators, protocol designers, and network application developers, this book gives the most complete and practical view ever into the inner workings of Internet routing. The book focuses on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), a common TCP/IP routing protocol that provides robust and efficient routing support in the most demanding Internet environments. A methodical and detailed description of the protocol is offered and OSPF's role within the wider context of a TCP/IP network is demonstrated. 
Practical throughout, the book provides not only a theoretical description of Internet routing, but also a real-world look into how theory translates into practice. It shows how algorithms are implemented, and how the routing protocols function in a working network where transmission lines and routers routinely break down.
You will find clear explanations of such routing fundamentals as how a router forwards packets, IP addressing, CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), the routing table, Internet routing architecture, and the two main routing technologies: Distance Vector and link-state algorithms. OSPF is discussed in depth, with an examination of the rationale behind OSPF's design decisions and how it has evolved to keep pace with the rapidly changing Internet environment. OSPF topics covered by the book include the following:
OSPF areas and virtual links NBMA (Nonbroadcast multi-access) and Point-to-MultiPoint network segments OSPF configuration and management Interaction with other routing protocols OSPF cryptographic authentication OSPF protocol extensions, including the Demand Circuit extensions and the multicast extensions to OSPF (MOSPF) An OSPF FAQ

IP multicast and multicast routing are also discussed. Methods for debugging routing problems are explained, including a catalog of available debugging tools. The book also offers side-by-side comparisons of all the unicast and multicast routing protocols currently in use in the Internet. 
You will come away from this book with a sophisticated understanding of Internet routing and of the OSPF protocol in particular. Moreover, the book's practical focus will enable you to put this deeper understanding to work in your network environment.
Object Tracking for Laparoscopic Surgery Using theAdaptive Mean-Shift Kalman Algorithm (2011)

In this paper, we propose the adaptive mean-shift Kalman tracking algorithm based on the mean-shift algorithm and the Kalman filter for tracking a laparoscopic instrument in laparoscopic surgery. With an iterative update of the target candidate in the mean-shift process, the proposed algorithm has improved the tracking performance over a typical mean-shift algorithm. In addition, the Kalman filter is employed to enhance the chance of tracking accuracy, especially when the object disappears from the scene. We tested the tracking performance of our proposed algorithm through simulated videos and real laparoscopic surgery videos. From all experimental results, the proposed algorithm can locate the target object correctly even when the size and the shape of the target have been changed. In the difficult situation when the target is hiding behind an obstacle, this algorithm can still track the target object correctly after it comes out. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be applied to locate different types of laparoscopic instruments.
Efficient Localized Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

The location of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks plays an important role in most applications. In this paper, we address the localization problem by characterizing some sufficient conditions such that technical convenience for the collection of local information used for network localization can be enabled. The main contribution of this paper is as follows. Some latest research results on the graph rigidity theory are introduced and incorporated, and a feasible node localization scheme is presented. More specifically, a tree structure termed BN-tree is introduced to construct a localizable collaborative body. Especially, the localizable collaborative body can be constructed dynamically with the variety of the network topology. Simulation results, which show that the quality of localization is well bounded by the range of communication, are also provided to validate the proposed algorithm
Tetanus (1978)

DESPITE the willingness of physicians to provide tetanus toxoid boosters to patients with a wide variety of wounds, the disease produced by the neurotoxin liberated by<i>Clostridium tetani</i>continues to be a serious health problem. An estimated 50,000 people die annually from tetanus throughout the world.<sup>1</sup>In 1975, there were 102 cases, with 45 fatalities in the United States.<sup>2</sup> Physicians who frequently encounter patients with fresh wounds or who may be faced with a case of developing tetanus should be aware of both prophylactic immunization schedules and the treatment of patients with established tetanus. <h3>Prevention</h3> The major contribution the physician can make to reduction of morbidity and mortality from tetanus is prevention of the disease. Fortunately, it is completely preventable through adequate immunization and proper wound care. Tetanus occurs only in patients who have not had adequate primary immunization or who have not received adequate immunization boosters since
The genetics of primary open angle glaucoma (1997)

The advent of the discipline of molecular genetics over the past decade has led to a dramatic growth in our understanding of the genetics of a myriad of diseases. Ophthalmology has benefited greatly from this new technology, with significant advances in our knowledge about conditions as varied as aniridia and retinitis pigmentosa.1 2 Our understanding of the genetics of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) may not be as clear as with some other ophthalmic conditions but, nevertheless, there have been great advances since the last review about the genetics of glaucoma published in the BJO in 1980.3 At that time, our knowledge was based on a number of conflicting studies attempting to link human polymorphisms, such as the ability to taste phenyl thiocarbamide, with glaucoma.4 Nowadays, the positions of genes responsible for various forms of glaucoma have been localised, not just to individual chromosomes, but to specific small regions on those chromosomes. Recently, for the first time, a gene responsible for a specific form of POAG has been identified. This review aims to highlight and explain the important recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of POAG.

Primary open angle glaucoma, for the purpose of this review, refers to those cases of glaucoma in which there is not only no evident antecedent or related ocular disease but also the angle of the anterior chamber remains open at all times.5 The possibility of a genetic predisposition to glaucoma was first realised in 1842 when Benedict reported the occurrence of glaucoma in two sisters.6 Despite the intervening 150 years, our understanding of the genetics of POAG remains unclear. Certainly, most POAG pedigrees do not show a simple Mendelian pattern of inheritance. However, relatives of patients with glaucoma do run an increased risk of developing the condition …
A novel technique for long-term anomaly detection in the cloud (2014)

High availability and performance of a web service is key, amongst other factors, to the overall user experience (which in turn directly impacts the bottom-line). Exogenic and/or endogenic factors often give rise to anomalies that make maintaining high availability and delivering high performance very challenging. Although there exists a large body of prior research in anomaly detection, existing techniques are not suitable for detecting long-term anomalies owing to a predominant underlying trend component in the time series data.

To this end, we developed a novel statistical technique to automatically detect long-term anomalies in cloud data. Specifically, the technique employs statistical learning to detect anomalies in both application as well as system metrics. Further, the technique uses robust statistical metrics, viz., median, and median absolute deviation (MAD), and piecewise approximation of the underlying long-term trend to accurately detect anomalies even in the presence of intra-day and/or weekly seasonality. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique using production data and report Precision, Recall, and F-measure measure. Multiple teams at Twitter are currently using the proposed technique on a daily basis.
The Design of Radio Telescope Array Configurations using Multiobjective Optimization: Imaging Performance versus Cable Length (2004)

The next generation of radio telescope interferometric arrays requires careful design of the array configuration to optimize the performance of the overall system. We have developed a framework, based on a genetic algorithm, for rapid exploration and optimization of the objective space pertaining to multiple objectives. We have evaluated a large space of possible designs for 27-, 60-, 100-, and 160-station arrays. The 27-station optimizations can be compared to the well-known VLA case, and the larger array designs apply to arrays currently under design such as LOFAR, ATA, and the SKA. In the initial implementation of our framework we evaluate designs with respect to two metrics, array imaging performance and the length of cable necessary to connect the stations. Imaging performance is measured by the degree to which the sampling of the uv plane is uniform. For the larger arrays we find that well-known geometric designs perform well and occupy the Pareto front of optimum solutions. For the 27-element case we find designs, combining features of the well-known designs, that are more optimal as measured by these two metrics. The results obtained by the multiobjective genetic optimization are corroborated by simulated annealing, which also reveals the role of entropy in array optimization. Our framework is general, and may be applied to other design goals and issues, such as particular schemes for sampling the uv plane, array robustness, and phased deployment of arrays.
Herbicidal treatments for control of Cannabis sativa L. (1977)

Bone atrophy caused by stress-shielding may cause serious complications for the long-term fixation of hip stems. In particular, uncemented total hip arthroplasty is threatened by this problem, because the stems are usually larger and, as a consequence, stiffer than those of cemented implants. In the present study, the effects of fit and bonding characteristics of femoral hip stems were investigated, using the (nonlinear) finite element method in combination with adaptive bone remodeling theory to predict the bone density distribution in a bone or bone/implant configuration. Unknown parameters used in the theory, such as a reference equilibrium loading stimulus and a threshold (dead) zone of this stimulus, were established (triggered) by using the method to predict the density distributions in the natural femur and around fully coated uncemented implants. The computer simulation method can provide long term predictions of remodeling patterns around various implant configurations. Several cases were analyzed, whereby the coating conditions (fully, partly, or noncoated) and the fit characteristics (press fitted or overreamed) were varied. The computer predictions showed that partly coating can only significantly reduce bone atrophy relative to fully coated stems, when the coating is applied at a small region at the utmost proximal part of the stem. For smooth press-fit stems the predicted amount of bone loss (35 percent in the proximal medial region) was less than for a one-third proximally coated or a fully coated stem (50 to 54 percent predicted bone loss in the proximal medial region). The results showed that overreaming the femoral canal in the press fit case can have important effects. Distal overreaming gave reduced proximal atrophy. Proximal overreaming (or undersizing) resulted in a distal jam of the stem, a proximal "stress-bypass," and dramatic proximal bone loss (up to 90 percent).
<title>MIR fiber spectroscopy for minimal invasive diagnostics</title> (1995)

Prototypes of fiberoptic sensors for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, based on commercially available middle infrared (MIR)-fibers, are developed. Their use in the currently central field of medical diagnostics is demonstrated. The non-toxic, flexible MIR-fibers, transparent in the middle infrared region (from 4 mm to 16 mm), are used in these sensors as remote attenuated total reflection (ATR) elements. These sensors, in which FTIR spectrometer combined with remote fiberoptic sensors could be used in cancer diagnostics, glucose content measurements as well as in other areas of medical diagnostics, in which spectroscopic analysis of human tissues and human extra-cell liquids could be used for diagnostic purpose. The additional minimal invasive medical diagnostics in vivo will become possible in the future with such fiberoptic sensors.
Comparison of MRI and CT for Detection of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2004)

MRI may be as accurate as CT for the detection of acute hemorrhage in patients presenting with acute focal stroke symptoms and is more accurate than CT for the detection of chronic intracerebral hemorrhage.