gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control for Modular Multilevel Converter Based VSC-HVDC System (2011)

This paper investigated the capacitor voltage balancing problem of the modular multilevel converter(MMC) and the charge and discharge process of sub-module capacitors.The requirement to reduce the switching frequency of power electronic devices is not satisfied in the conventional capacitor voltage balancing control,since it results in high switching losses.To solve this problem,an optimized capacitor voltage balancing control for MMC based VSC-HVDC transmission system was proposed.The optimized voltage balancing control focuses on the sub-modules whose capacitor voltage exceeds the limits,while the switching states of the other sub-modules are maintained to some degrees by employing the maintaining factor.Therefore,the switching frequency of the power electronic device is reduced.The performance of the optimized capacitor voltage balancing control was evaluated with a time-domain simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulation results show that the optimized voltage balancing control,compared with the conventional one,can more significantly reduce the switching frequency of power device,without noticeablly increasing the capacitor voltage ripples.
The thermal conductivity of prosthetic sockets and liners (2007)

Elevated stump skin temperatures and the accompanying thermal discomfort are side effects of prosthesis use that may reduce amputee quality of life, particularly in hot or humid surroundings. Lower skin temperatures might be achieved through more effective heat transfer in the prosthesis, a process governed in part by the thermal conductivity of the sock, liner, and socket layers. To assess the thermodynamic properties of currently available components, an instrument capable of measuring the heat flux across a regulated temperature differential was developed. Experimental results show that the thermal conductivity ranged from 0.085 - 0.266 W/m x K for liner materials and from 0.148 - 0.150 W/m x K for socket materials. The results of this study demonstrate that the prescription of typical multi-layer prostheses constructed with the higher thermal conductivity materials might reduce temperature-related discomfort in patients.
In situ magnetoresistance measurements of a nanoconstricted nickel-iron film with in-plane configuration (2005)

A test element (TE) with an Ni-Fe point contact (PC) in planar configuration was fabricated using an etching process with a horizontal incidence ion beam. Successive in situ magnetoresistance (MR) measurements were carried out in the etching apparatus without breaking the vacuum to prevent the oxidation of the PC. The TE showed the MR ratio around 12%, which was much larger than an anisotropic MR ratio of the film. It showed low (high) resistance with a magnetic field direction of parallel (antiparallel) magnetic geometry of the pinned and free area.
An adaptive covariance inflation error correction algorithm for ensemble filters (2007)

Ensemble filter methods for combining model prior estimates with observations of a system to produce improved posterior estimates of the system state are nowbeing applied to a wide range of problems both in and out of the geophysics community. Basic implementations of ensemble filters are simple to develop even without any data assimilation expertise. However, obtaining good performance using small ensembles and/or models with significant amounts of error can be more challenging.Anumber of adjunct algorithms have been developed to ameliorate errors in ensemble filters. The most common are covariance inflation and localization which have been used in many applications of ensemble filters. Inflation algorithms modify the prior ensemble estimates of the state variance to reduce filter error and avoid filter divergence. These adjunct algorithms can require considerable tuning for good performance, which can entail significant expense. A hierarchical Bayesian approach is used to develop an adaptive covariance inflation algorithm for use with ensemble filters. This adaptive error correction algorithm uses the same observations that are used to adjust the ensemble filter estimate of the state to estimate appropriate values of covariance inflation. Results are shown for several low-order model examples and the algorithm produces results that are comparable with the best tuned inflation values, even for small ensembles in the presence of very large model error.
Hedgehog and retinoid signaling alters multiple myeloma microenvironment and generates bortezomib resistance (2016)

Interactions between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the BM microenvironment play a critical role in bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. However, the mechanisms involved in these interactions are not completely understood. We previously showed that expression of CYP26 in BM stromal cells maintains a retinoic acid-low (RA-low) microenvironment that prevents the differentiation of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Since a low secretory B cell phenotype is associated with BTZ resistance in MM and retinoid signaling promotes plasma cell differentiation and Ig production, we investigated whether stromal expression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP26 modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. CYP26-mediated inactivation of RA within the BM microenvironment prevented plasma cell differentiation and promoted a B cell-like, BTZ-resistant phenotype in human MM cells that were cocultured on BM stroma. Moreover, paracrine Hedgehog secretion by MM cells upregulated stromal CYP26 and further reinforced a protective microenvironment. These results suggest that crosstalk between Hedgehog and retinoid signaling modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. Targeting these pathological interactions holds promise for eliminating minimal residual disease in MM.
Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin heavy and light chains (1989)

A number of different protein kinases phosphorylate purified heavy chains or the 20-kDa light chain of smooth muscle myosin. The physiological significance of these phosphorylation reactions has been examined in intact smooth muscle. Myosin heavy chain was slightly phosphorylated (0.08 mol of phosphate/mol) under control conditions in bovine tracheal tissue. Treatment with carbachol, isoproterenol, or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate resulted in no significant change. In contrast, heavy chain was phosphorylated to 0.30 mol of phosphate/mol of heavy chain in tracheal smooth muscle cells in culture. This value increased significantly with ionomycin treatment. In control tissues, 9% of the light chain was monophosphorylated with 32P in the serine site phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase. Carbachol (0.1 microM) alone resulted in contraction and 42% monophosphorylated light chain with 32P only in the serine site phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase. Similarly, stimulation with histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or KCl resulted in 32P incorporation into only the myosin light chain kinase serine site. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (1 microM) alone resulted in 22% monophosphorylated light chain. However, only 25% of the 32P was in the myosin light chain kinase serine site, whereas 75% was in a serine site phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate plus carbachol resulted in 27% monophosphorylated light chain; 75% of the 32P was in the myosin light chain kinase serine site, with the remainder in the protein kinase C serine site. These results indicate that phorbol esters act to increase phosphorylation of myosin light chain by protein kinase C. However, receptor-mediated stimulation or depolarization leading to tracheal smooth muscle contraction results in phosphorylation of myosin light chain by myosin light chain kinase alone.
A time domain synthesized binary phase code sidelobe suppression filter based on genetic algorithm (2002)

THe binary phase coded waveform (BPCW) is widely used in tracking radars, while the sidelobe suppression filter (SSF) designing methods for BPCW are always limited to short codes such as the Barker code. A new kind of SSF based on time domain synthesis and genetic algorithm (GA) is presented. The filter can be used for various lengthened codes, including the m-sequence etc. Some simulation results of time domain synthesized SSF for the Barker codes and m-sequence codes are given, together with comments on the performance comparison of the new filter with some known filters.
<I>Ferritin</I> Gene Coding Sequences Are Conserved Among Eight Hard Tick Species (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (2004)

Eight complete cDNAs encoding for ferritins from the hard tick species Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Hemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) were obtained using the techniques of rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced amino acid sequences from these tick ferritin genes share high identities (84–98%) with those of two published tick ferritins. The sequences and positions of the iron-responsive element in the 5′-untranslated region of the cDNAs are highly conserved in ticks. Similar to other known animal ferritins, a ferroxidase center, consisting of seven conserved amino acid residues, was identified in the deduced tick ferritins. Sequence comparison indicates that these tick ferritin genes belong to the type of invertebrate cytosolic heavy chain homologue. Two separate phylogenetic analyses of ferritin amino acid sequences, one with 52 arthropod ferritin sequences and another one using 10 tick ferritins, suggested that ferritin is a suitable nuclear protein-encoding gene for tick phylogenetic reconstruction.
The Electrical Characteristics of Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications (2011)

The electrical characteristics of aluminum (Al) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film for high sensitivity humidity sensors are presented. The effects of Al doping concentration at at % on the Al doped ZnO thin film properties were investigated using current-voltage measurement. The optical and structural properties were characterized using photoluminescence (PL), scanning emission microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Parameter 0.6 at % Aluminum doped show high sensitivity and suitable for humidity sensor. PL show an emissions band with two peaks centered at about 380 nm (ultra-violet (UV)) and 600 nm (green) in a room temperature. The length of the nanorods increases as the doping concentration increases. XRD results show the intensity of the (002) peak decreased with the increasing of doping concentration.
Teaching behaviors in the attending-resident interaction. (1984)

A total of 949 interactions between residents and attending physicians in the ambulatory care center were analyzed in terms of defined categories of teaching behavior by using direct observation and the interactional analysis technique of educational research. Results showed that an interaction reflects team problem solving as the predominant teaching mode with the interaction being for the most part directed at the problems of the current patient. Hypothetical situations that broadened the discussion occurred in less than 20 percent of the interactions, and the attending physician rather than the resident virtually always initiated those teaching opportunities. Questioning and verbal expressions of positive, reinforcing behavior were used less often than might have been expected. Problems and opportunities in superimposing teaching goals upon an ambulatory clinical setting are explored in the discussion.
Deep Abstraction and Weighted Feature Selection for Wi-Fi Impersonation Detection (2017)

The recent advances in mobile technologies have resulted in Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices becoming more pervasive and integrated into our daily lives. The security challenges that need to be overcome mainly stem from the open nature of a wireless medium, such as a Wi-Fi network. An impersonation attack is an attack in which an adversary is disguised as a legitimate party in a system or communications protocol. The connected devices are pervasive, generating high-dimensional data on a large scale, which complicates simultaneous detections. Feature learning, however, can circumvent the potential problems that could be caused by the large-volume nature of network data. This paper thus proposes a novel deep-feature extraction and selection (D-FES), which combines stacked feature extraction and weighted feature selection. The stacked autoencoding is capable of providing representations that are more meaningful by reconstructing the relevant information from its raw inputs. We then combine this with modified weighted feature selection inspired by an existing shallow-structured machine learner. We finally demonstrate the ability of the condensed set of features to reduce the bias of a machine learner model as well as the computational complexity. Our experimental results on a well-referenced Wi-Fi network benchmark data set, namely, the Aegean Wi-Fi Intrusion data set, prove the usefulness and the utility of the proposed D-FES by achieving a detection accuracy of 99.918% and a false alarm rate of 0.012%, which is the most accurate detection of impersonation attacks reported in the literature.
Isolation and Culture of Bovine Embryonic Stem Cells (2013)

Isolation and culture of primary embryonic stem (ES) cell colonies are the first critical step towards establishment of stable ES cell lines. Here we introduce a novel method designated as "Separate and Seed" that contributes remarkably to efficient derivation of bovine primary ES cell colonies from blastocysts. The bovine ES cell colonies can self-renew to passage 10 with the growth factors bFGF and BIO. The bovine ES cells exhibit morphology typical of ES cells and express pluripotent molecular markers including Oct4, Nanog, SSEA1, SSEA4, and alkaline phosphatase (AP). These pluripotent markers may be used for the characterization of authentic bovine ES cell lines. Although continued efforts are required for improving long-term culture of bovine ES cells, this novel "Separate and Seed" method plus the growth factors bFGF and BIO provides an initial effective step that may eventually lead to the derivation of authentic bovine ES cells.
Gain of circularly polarised arrays composed of linearly polarised elements (1989)

The gain of circularly polarised (CP) array antennas realised by proper phasing of sequentially rotated linearly polarised (LP) elements is compared to that of arrays using CP elements and demonstrated by calculations for microstrip patch elements. When element spacing is large and array size is small, the advantages of LP elements are offset by the significant reduction in gain due to high cross polarised lobes in the diagonal planes. For large arrays of closely spaced elements, this gain loss reduces to a negligible amount. However, for spacings above a critical value of about 0.7 wavelengths, unacceptably high gain losses will be incurred.
Volatiles of wild strawberries, Fragaria vesca L., compared to those of cultivated berries, Fragaria .times. ananassa cv Senga Sengana (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatiles of wild strawberries, Fragaria vesca L., compared to those of cultivated berries, Fragaria .times. ananassa cv Senga SenganaTapani Pyysalo, Erkki Honkanen, and Timo HirviCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1979, 27, 1, 19–22Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60221a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60221a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1064Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Basic Dynamic Routing Problem and Diffusion (1978)

Diffusion theory has sometimes been successful in providing excellent approximate solutions to difficult queueing problems. Here we explore whether such methods can be used to analyze a basic dynamic routing strategy associated with a single idealized node in a data network. We analyze a dynamic routing policy where messages, or packets, that arrive at a certain node are routed to leave the node on the link having the shorter queue. In the model, message or packet arrivals are Poisson and the service time is exponentially distributed. We explore a heavy traffic diffusion method and we also discuss the limitations of an ad hoc approach to applying diffusion. For a node with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> outgoing queues we find, under the assumption of heavy traffic, the optimum dynamic strategy, in the sense of minimizing the average delay. When this optimum dynamic strategy is compared to a static strategy where the outgoing traffic is split among the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> queues, we find that the average delay for the dynamic system is better by a factor of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> .
Vulnerability analysis of a smart grid with monitoring and control system (2013)

Large scale power outage is typically the consequence of cascading failures propagated through a power system. To mitigate failure propagation, wide area monitoring and control system is introduced. However, as the physical system is tightly coupled with the cyber system, new threats are introduced due to possible cyber attacks and failures of the communication system.
Topics in Compressed Sensing (2009)

Compressed sensing has a wide range of applications that include error correction, imaging, radar and many more. Given a sparse signal in a high dimensional space, one wishes to reconstruct that signal accurately and efficiently from a number of linear measurements much less than its actual dimension. Although in theory it is clear that this is possible, the difficulty lies in the construction of algorithms that perform the recovery efficiently, as well as determining which kind of linear measurements allow for the reconstruction. There have been two distinct major approaches to sparse recovery that each present different benefits and shortcomings. The first, L1-minimization methods such as Basis Pursuit, use a linear optimization problem to recover the signal. This method provides strong guarantees and stability, but relies on Linear Programming, whose methods do not yet have strong polynomially bounded runtimes. The second approach uses greedy methods that compute the support of the signal iteratively. These methods are usually much faster than Basis Pursuit, but until recently had not been able to provide the same guarantees. This gap between the two approaches was bridged when we developed and analyzed the greedy algorithm Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (ROMP). ROMP provides similar guarantees to Basis Pursuit as well as the speed of a greedy algorithm. Our more recent algorithm Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP) improves upon these guarantees, and is optimal in every important aspect.
Nozzle Type Effect on Soybean Canopy Penetration (2009)

A spray track was designed and built to conduct replicated laboratory and field studies to compare different nozzle configurations on the ability of each to achieve lower canopy spray coverage. The objective was to determine which nozzle configurations might be more affective in preventing or controlling Asian Soybean Rust. Multiple nozzle types were compared in four laboratory trials and one field trial. Both single and double nozzle configurations were compared. Comparisons were at 187 and 140 L/ha with spraying speeds of 16 km/h. Orifice size and operating spray pressure for each nozzle were adjusted to maintain the desired spray droplet size of 200 to 300 microns VMD (ASABE S-572) at the calibrated flow rate of 2.5 L/m (187 L/ha at 16 km/h) or 1.9 L/m (140 L/ha at 16 km/h). A tank mix solution of water and non-ionic surfactant was used for each comparison to simulate a field spraying scenario. For the field trial, a fungicide was added to the solution to further simulate a field spraying scenario. Water Sensitive Paper was the collection medium and DropletScan was used to measure and compare volume median diameter (VMD), percent area coverage (PAC), and number of droplets per square centimeter (D/SC).
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody that Recognizes Apical Membrane of Frog Taste Cells (1998)

We established a hybridoma clone 1N1 that produced a monoclonal antibody to stain the apical portion of frog taste cells, by directly immunizing taste discs of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) without any dispersion procedure of the taste organ. The antibody stained discrete regions on the surface of the taste discs, but did not stain the epithelium sheet of the tongue devoid of taste discs. The antibody stained approximately 93% of the taste discs tested (172/184) derived from nine frogs, showing that distribution of the antigen was common to most of the taste discs. The following observations strongly suggested that the antibody recognized a certain antigen on the apical membrane of the taste cells. (i) The antibody selectively stained cross points of intermucus areas on the surface of the taste disc. Neither the mucus cells nor the wing cells that mainly cover the surface were stained with the antibody. (ii) Dispersed taste cells were prepared by calcium ion chelating and subsequently by collagenase treatment to avoid digestion of the antigen. The antibody stained the apical end of the taste cells.
Subcellular localization of an ATPase in anammox bacteria using proteomics and immunogold electron microscopy (2014)

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has received significant attention during optimization of waste-water treatment and constitutes an important pathway for the removal of bioavailable nitrogen from natural environments. Studies of key catabolic enzymes indicate that the anammox reaction takes place inside the anammoxosome, an organelle-like membranous compartment of anammox bacteria. The anammoxosome has also been suggested as a site for ATP synthesis. A lipid-based protein immobilization technique, previously used to identify proteins essential for the anammox reaction, was in this study used to select linear epitopes for antibodies specifically targeted against an identified ATPase. The approach of using proteomics and bioinformatics as tools for selecting antibody targets for immunolocalization provides an important alternative to traditional methods for selection of specific antibodies. Immunogold electron microscopy and statistical evaluations indicated that the antibodies against the ATPase were exclusively found associated with the anammoxosome membrane. This provides strong evidence for ATP synthesis by an intracellular proton motive force in anammox bacteria. Within prokaryotes, an ATP synthase associated with an intracellular compartment is a feature unique for anammox bacteria.