gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromachined Linear Brownian Motor: Transportation of Nanobeads by Brownian Motion Using Three-Phase Dielectrophoretic Ratchet (2008)

Nanosystems operating in liquid media may suffer from random Brownian motion due to thermal fluctuations. Biomolecular motors exploit these random fluctuations to generate a controllable directed movement. Inspired by nature, we proposed and realized a nano-system based on Brownian motion of nanobeads for linear transport in microfluidic channels. The channels limit the degree-of-freedom of the random motion of beads into one dimension, which was rectified by a three-phase dielectrophoretic ratchet biasing the spatial probability distribution of the nanobead towards the transportation direction. We micromachined the proposed device and experimentally traced the rectified motion of nanobeads and observed the shift in the bead distribution as a function of applied voltage. We identified three regions of operation; (1) a random motion region, (2) a Brownian motor region, and (3) a pure electric actuation region. Transportation in the Brownian motor region required less applied voltage compared to the pure electric transport.
SPECIAL COLOR ANALYSIS OF RUNWAY CONDITIONS (1975)

An investigation of the condition of the runway and taxiways at Thule Air Base has been conducted by interpretation of aerial color imagery. The aerial imagery was analyzed by using a photointerpretation console that has been designed to enhance subtle spectral differences caused by phenomena such as moisture and surface cracking. The results of the analysis indicate extensive cracking and possible runway deterioration. The aerial data delineate regions of cracking or depressions over the entire runway. These data agree well with the ground survey information available, and extend definition of deterioration regions to the entire runway surgace. In addition, the aerial data indicate subsurface moisture flow patterns across the runway area that correlate well with the regions of runway cracking.
Multiple-wavelength GaInAs-GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser array with extended wavelength span (2003)

The wavelength engineering of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) on a nonplanar substrate enables us to realize a multiwavelength VCSEL array. We are able to control the wavelength of both a cavity resonance and the gain peak of an active region, depending on patterned shapes. A main limiting factor in expanding the wavelength span in arrays is the offset between the gain peak and the resonant wavelength. In order to overcome this offset, we optimized a gain-cavity detuning to extend the wavelength span. A wavelength span of over 100 nm was obtained from a fabricated 12-channel array. The output power is over 1 mW, and threshold current is 0.65 ± 0.2 mA. We carried out the compensation of the threshold current-density variation by the precise control of oxide apertures in each element. In addition, we proposed a growth-pressure control in epitaxial growth on a patterned substrate for further extension of the lasing wavelength span. We demonstrated a 0.96-1.16-μm multiple-wavelength VCSEL array with highly strained GaInAs-GaAs QWs exhibiting a record wavelength span of 192 nm. These technologies would enable low-cost wideband wavelength division multiplexing data links.
Long-Term Ovarian Function in Sheep after Ovariectomy and Transplantation of Autografts Stored at −196 C**This work was supported by Medical Research Council Program Grant 8929853. (1999)

We have previously demonstrated that ovarian function and fertility can be preserved in sheep after castration by autotransplantation of cryopreserved strips of ovarian cortex. In the current experiments we have investigated the long term survival of such grafts by detailed measurements of ovarian function for a period of nearly 2 yr after autotransplantation. After ovariectomy and transplantation of frozen/thawed grafts, the concentrations of FSH and LH rose to castrate levels for about 14 weeks before falling gradually to reach near-normal levels at about 60 weeks. In the breeding season from October 1994 to March 1995, all ewes had 5-10 estrous cycles that were similar in length to those in the 4 control ewes. Luteal function as indicated by the progesterone concentration was identical before and 11 months after transplantation. In contrast, the basal concentrations of FSH and LH were persistently raised throughout the luteal phase, but showed a normal decline during the follicular phase. The concentration of inhibin A in ovarian venous plasma measured at the end of the experiment 22 months after transplantation was significantly lower than that in control ewes (mean +/- SE, 409 +/- 118 vs. 1914 +/- 555 pg/ml; P < 0.004). Transplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian tissue to SCID mice demonstrated that about 28% of primordial follicles survived the procedure. All of the ovaries transplanted into sheep contained large antral follicles and/or cysts, but very few primordial oocytes when recovered at autopsy after 22 months. These results demonstrate that despite a drastic reduction in the total number of primordial follicles, cyclical ovarian function is preserved in sheep after autotransplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian tissue and provide experimental confirmation that such a technique could provide a means of preserving fertility in women undergoing chemo- or radiotherapy for malignant disease.
Regulation of carbon utilization by sulfur availability in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (2002)

Different pleiotropic transcriptional regulators are known to function in the coordination of regulons concerned with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and iron metabolism, but how expression profiles of these different regulons are coordinated with each other is not known. The basis for the effects of cysB mutations on carbon utilization in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was examined. cysB mutations affected the utilization of some carbon sources more than others and these effects could be partially, but not completely, reversed by the inclusion of cysteine or djenkolate in the growth medium. Assays of transport systems and enzymes concerned with glucitol and alanine utilization showed that these activities were depressed in cysB mutants relative to isogenic wild-type strains, and cysteine or djenkolate present in the growth media partially restored these activities. Using transcriptional fusions to the fdo (formate dehydrogenase) and gut (glucitol) operons, it was shown that decreased expression resulted from defects at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, the effects of loss of CysB were much less pronounced under conditions of catabolite repression than in the absence of a catabolite-repressing carbon source, and cAMP largely reversed the effect of the loss of CysB. Comparable effects were seen for E. coli lacZ gene expression under the control of its own native promoter, and sulfur limitation in a cysB mutant depressed net cAMP production in a cAMP phosphodiesterase mutant. Adenylate cyclase thus appears to be responsive to sulfur deprivation. These observations may have physiological significance allowing carbon and sulfur regulon coordination during the growth of enteric bacteria in response to nutrient availability.
Vitamin D Receptors: Nature and Function (1986)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Asymmetric epoxidation of chromenes catalyzed by chiral pyrrolidine SalenMn(III) complexes with an anchored functional group (2008)

Abstract Chiral pyrrolidine SalenMn(III) complexes with an anchored functional group at the N aza ‐substituent in the pyrrolidine backbone were synthesized, and used as catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation of substituted chromenes. The complex 1 with an anchored imidazole as acceptor could effectively catalyze epoxidation of substituted chromenes in the absence of expensive additive 4‐phenyl pyridine N ‐oxide (PPNO) by the coordination of the anchored organic base to the central manganese ion. Complexes 2 and 3 with a quaternary ammonium salt unit at the N aza ‐substituent in the pyrrolidine backbone displayed higher activities than Jacobsen catalyst and the analogous complex 4 without anchored functional group in the aforementioned reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new error-locating polynomial for decoding of BCH codes (Corresp.) (1975)

We develop a new error-locating polynomial for BCH codes. This polynomial has a simple form and suggests a decoding procedure similar to Massey's step-by-step decoding.
Compressibility-structure relationship of globular proteins (1986)

The adiabatic compressibility, -beta s, of 11 globular proteins in water was determined by means of sound velocity measurements at 25 degrees C. All the proteins studied except for subtilisin showed positive -beta s values, indicating the large internal compressibility of the protein molecules. The intrinsic compressibility of proteins free from the hydration effect appeared to be comparable to that of normal ice. The compressibility data for 25 proteins, including 14 reported previously [Gekko, K., & Noguchi, H. (1979) J. Phys. Chem. 83, 2706-2714], were statistically analyzed to examine the correlation of the compressibility with some structural parameters and the amino acid compositions of proteins. It was found that -beta s increases with increasing partial specific volume and hydrophobicity of proteins. The helix element also seemed to be a dynamic domain to increase -beta s. Four amino acid residues (Leu, Glu, Phe, and His) greatly increased -beta s, and another four (Asn, Gly, Ser, and Thr) decreased it. Some empirical equations were derived for the estimation of the -beta s values of unknown proteins on the basis of their amino acid compositions. The volume fluctuations of proteins revealed by the compressibility data were in the range of 30-200 mL/mol, which corresponded to about 0.3% of the total protein volume. The conformational fluctuation seemed to enhance the thermal stability of proteins.
RAZLIKE U PREHRAMBENIM NAVIKAMA KOD UČENIKA UZRASTA 15-18 GODINA U ODNOSU NA SPOL NA PROSTORU OPĆINE TRAVNIK (2016)

Uvod: Pravilna prehrana je vaan faktor za unapreenje i ouvanje zdravlja
美国教师业一夜之间由“肥沃”变“贫瘠”——纽约市教师资格制度最新禁令侧记 (2009)

美国教师培养体制主要有两种路径，一种是传统路径，即基于大学教育学院的教师教育；另一种是选择性路径，即为非师范类大学的毕业生提供培训，鼓励他们从事教学工作。近年采，选择性路径在美国日渐盛行，已然成为取代传统的教师生成机制的重要路径，并受到美国联邦政府的支持。目前，美国已经有48个州开辟了这一路径，越来越多的人绕过传统路径，通过这一路径成为教师。在选择性路径中，“为美国而教”计划表现最为突出，对人们由此走上教师岗位也最为有效。
Evaluating performance of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks on intrusion detection data (2013)

This paper evaluates the performance of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNN) on classifying intrusion detection data. LSTM networks can learn memory and can therefore model data as a time series. LSTM is trained and tested on a processed version of the KDDCup99 dataset. A variety of suitable performance measures are discussed and applied. Our LSTM network structure and parameters are experimentally obtained within a series of experiments presented. Results finally show that LSTM is able to learn all attack classes hidden in the training data. Furthermore we learn that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the corresponding area-under-the-curve (AUC) value are well suited for selecting well performing networks.
Evolution of ferroelectricity in ultrafine-grained Pb5Ge3O11 crystallized from the glass (1977)

By controlled crystallization of the ferroelectric crystalline phase of Pb5Ge3O11 from the glass of the same composition, the evolution of ferroelectric behavior has been studied as a function of grain size. The large-grained material (≳1 μm) exhibits normal ferroelectric behavior. However, during the initial growth of grains of about 10-nm dimensions the polarization is unstable and no dielectric anomaly is observed. The behavior of this fine-grained material can be understood in terms of large dipolar clusters which can be frozen into ferroelectriclike order at low temperatures in the presence of an electric field, but which are too small to stabilize spontaneous ferroelectric order.
An Intelligent Assistant for Context-Aware Adaptation of Personal Communications (2007)

Personal communications are facing many challenges created by mobility and convergence in today's communication networks. People often find themselves interacting with their devices in attention-constrained environments and deal with a bewildering variety of communication services, devices and access technologies. Although context awareness seems to be the best answer to these challenges, most of the already developed context-aware solutions did not make their way to the consumer market because they focused on context provisioning (acquisition and modeling) and fell short from proposing concrete architectures for context-based adaptation of user communications. In this paper, we discuss the basic requirements for communication adaptation and we define the main characteristics of a communication session. Then, we propose INCA (intelligent network-based communication assistant) by describing its architecture and its behavior according to a previously defined reference scenario.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in HIV Prevention; Current Status and Future Directions: A Summary of the DAIDS and BMGF Sponsored Think Tank on Pharmacokinetics (PK)/Pharmacodynamics (PD) in HIV Prevention (2013)

Thirty years after its beginning, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is still raging around the world. According to UNAIDS, in 2011 alone 1.7M deaths were attributable to AIDS, and 2.5M people were newly infected by the virus. Despite the success in treating HIV-infected people with potent antiretroviral drugs, preventing HIV infection is the key to ending the epidemic. Recently, the efficacy of topical and systemic antiviral chemoprophylaxis (i.e., preexposure prophylaxis or "PrEP"), using the same drugs used for HIV treatment, has been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials. However, results from other trials have been inconsistent, especially those evaluating PrEP in women. These inconsistencies may result from our incomplete understanding of pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) at the mucosal sites of sexual transmission: the male and female gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. The drug concentrations used in these trials were derived from those used for treatment; however, we still do not know the relationship between the therapeutic and the preventive dose. This article presents the first comprehensive review of the available data in the HIV pharmacology field from animal models to human studies, and outlines gaps, challenges, and future directions. Addressing these pharmacological gaps and challenges will be critical in selecting and advancing future PrEP candidates and strategies with the greatest impact on the HIV epidemic.
cdma2000 reverse link: design and system performance (2002)

cdma2000 is a standard for the next generation wireless systems, supporting both voice and data. While maintaining complete backward compatibility with TIA/EIA/IS-95 systems, cdma2000 will provide a number of service enhancements. This paper analyzes the reverse link of the cdma2000 system, and compares the simulation results with laboratory test results.
Diagnosis-based risk adjustment for Medicare capitation payments. (1996)

Using 1991-92 data for a 5-percent Medicare sample, we develop, estimate, and evaluate risk-adjustment models that utilize diagnostic information from both inpatient and ambulatory claims to adjust payments for aged and disabled Medicare enrollees. Hierarchical coexisting conditions (HCC) models achieve greater explanatory power than diagnostic cost group (DCG) models by taking account of multiple coexisting medical conditions. Prospective models predict average costs of individuals with chronic conditions nearly as well as concurrent models. All models predict medical costs far more accurately than the current health maintenance organization (HMO) payment formula.
Polymorphisms of the Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1 Are Associated with Insulin Resistance with Evidence of Gene by Sex Interaction (2009)

Our data support an association between SCARB1 variants and insulin resistance, especially in women, with evidence of significant gene by sex interaction. These findings warrant further investigation in additional populations and prompt exploration of a role for SR-BI in the development of insulin resistance.
Hepatitis B virus X mutations occurring naturally associated with clinical severity of liver disease among Korean patients with chronic genotype C infection (2008)

Few reports have detailed mutation frequencies and mutation patterns in the entire X region according to clinical status. The aims of this study were to elucidate the relationships between mutation patterns and their frequencies in the X region and clinical status in a Korean cohort and determine specific X mutation types, related closely with liver disease progression. All X mutations were determined by direct sequencing in 184 patients with different clinical features. Mutation rates in the X region in patients with more severe liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.6%) or liver cirrhosis (4%) were always significantly higher than in patients with corresponding less severe forms, chronic hepatitis (2.9%) or asymptomatic carriers (2.1%), but no significant difference in mutation rates was found in terms of HBeAg serostatus. All five mutation types (V5M/L, P38S, H94Y, I127T/N, and K130M and V131I) affecting the six codons were found to be related significantly to clinical severity. Among these, two mutation types (V5M/L and K130M and V131I) were observed more frequently in HBeAg negative patients than in HBeAg positive patients. In conclusion, the results suggest that an accumulation of mutations in the X region contributes to disease progression in chronic patients, at least Korean patients with genotype C. Specific mutation types appears to be related more to severe liver diseases such as HCC or liver cirrhosis. In particular, a novel mutation type (V5M/L) discovered firstly during the present study was found to be associated significantly with HCC.
Synergistic cytotoxicity of Bcl-xL inhibitor, gossypol and chemotherapeutic agents in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells (2008)

Anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are overexpressed in 80% of non Hodgkin's lymphoma cells and are thought to play an important role in the resistance of lymphoma cells to current chemotherapeutic agents. Gossypol, an orally-active polyphenolic aldehyde derived from the cotton plant, has been known to have potential anti-neoplastic activity. Recently, gossypol was found to bind to the BH3 binding groove of Bcl-xL and with lesser affinity to Bcl-2. The present study was conducted to determine whether gossypol increases the sensitivity of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells to the actions of chemotherapeutic agents by potentiating treatment-induced apoptosis. The interactions observed between gossypol and chemotherapeutic drugs were analyzed using the median effect principle (CalcuSyn analysis). Our data showed that treatment of Ramos cells with gossypol not only induced cell arrest on the G(0)/G(1) phase, but also augmented apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by etoposide (VP-16), doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADM), vincristine (VCR), and paclitaxel (taxol). However, when gossypol was combined with cisplatin (DDP) an antagonistic effect was observed. Gossypol-induced cell cycle arrest was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin D1 in Ramos cells. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PARP) pathway is, at least in part, involved in the gossypol-induced apoptosis when combined with VP-16. These data indicate that single-agent gossypol is effective in inhibiting growth of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells in vitro and combination studies with certain secondary chemotherapeutic agents further demonstrate it's synergistic cytotoxicity. These findings support future preclinical and clinical studies of gossypol in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Induction of Oxidative Stress by Glutathione Depletion Causes Severe Hypertension in Normal Rats (2000)

Several recent studies have shown that certain forms of genetic or acquired hypertension are associated with oxidative stress and that animals with those types of hypertension respond favorably to antioxidant therapy. We hypothesize that oxidative stress may cause hypertension via (among other mechanisms) enhanced oxidation and inactivation of nitric oxide (NO). To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oxidative stress by glutathione (GSH) depletion by means of the GSH synthase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 30 mmol/L in drinking water) for 2 weeks. The control group was given drug-free drinking water. In parallel experiments, subgroups of animals were provided vitamin E-fortified chow and vitamin C-supplemented drinking water. The BSO-treated group showed a 3-fold decrease in tissue GSH content, a marked elevation in blood pressure, and a significant reduction in the urinary excretion of the NO metabolite nitrate plus nitrite, which suggests depressed NO availability. These characteristics were associated with a significant accumulation in various tissues of nitrotyrosine, which is the footprint of NO inactivation by reactive oxygen species. Administration of vitamin E plus vitamin C ameliorated hypertension, improved urinary nitrate-plus-nitrite excretion, and mitigated nitrotyrosine accumulation (despite GSH depletion) in the BSO-treated animals but had no effect in the control group. In conclusion, GSH depletion resulted in perturbation of the NO system and severe hypertension in normal animals. The effects of BSO were mitigated by concomitant antioxidant therapy despite GSH depletion, which supports the notion that oxidative stress was involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in this model.
Reduction of Consumptive Coagulopathy Using Porcine Cytomegalovirus-Free Cardiac Porcine Grafts in Pig-to-Primate Xenotransplantation (2004)

The use of PCMV-free cardiac grafts is beneficial in reducing the direct effects of PCMV activation in the graft (tissue damage) and the indirect effects of PCMV activation in the recipient (consumptive coagulopathy).
Sequence data for Clostridium autoethanogenum using three generations of sequencing technologies (2015)

During the past decade, DNA sequencing output has been mostly dominated by the second generation sequencing platforms which are characterized by low cost, high throughput and shorter read lengths for example, Illumina. The emergence and development of so called third generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio has permitted exceptionally long reads (over 20 kb) to be generated. Due to read length increases, algorithm improvements and hybrid assembly approaches, the concept of one chromosome, one contig and automated finishing of microbial genomes is now a realistic and achievable task for many microbial laboratories. In this paper, we describe high quality sequence datasets which span three generations of sequencing technologies, containing six types of data from four NGS platforms and originating from a single microorganism, Clostridium autoethanogenum. The dataset reported here will be useful for the scientific community to evaluate upcoming NGS platforms, enabling comparison of existing and novel bioinformatics approaches and will encourage interest in the development of innovative experimental and computational methods for NGS data.