gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Unsupervised Speech Recognition and Synthesis with Quantized Speech Representation Learning (2020)

In this paper we propose a Sequential Representation Quantization AutoEncoder (SeqRQ-AE) to learn from primarily unpaired audio data and produce sequences of representations very close to phoneme sequences of speech utterances. This is achieved by proper temporal segmentation to make the representations phoneme-synchronized, and proper phonetic clustering to have total number of distinct representations close to the number of phonemes. Mapping between the distinct representations and phonemes is learned from a small amount of annotated paired data. Preliminary experiments on LJSpeech demonstrated the learned representations for vowels have relative locations in latent space in good parallel to that shown in the IPA vowel chart defined by linguistics experts. With less than 20 minutes of annotated speech, our method outperformed existing methods on phoneme recognition and is able to synthesize intelligible speech that beats our baseline model.
Multiplicative properties of Atiyah duality (2004)

Let M n be a closed, connected n-manifold.Let M -τ denote the Thom spectrum of its stable normal bundle.A well known theorem of Atiyah states that M -τ is homotopy equivalent to the Spanier-Whitehead dual of M with a disjoint basepoint, M + .This dual can be viewed as the function spectrum, F (M, S), where S is the sphere spectrum.F (M, S) has the structure of a commutative, symmetric ring spectrum in the sense of [7], [12] [9].In this paper we prove that M -τ also has a natural, geometrically defined, structure of a commutative, symmetric ring spectrum, in such a way that the classical duality maps of Alexander, Spanier-Whitehead, and Atiyah define an equivalence of symmetric ring spectra, α : M -τ → F (M, S).We discuss applications of this to Hochschild cohomology representations of the Chas-Sullivan loop product in the homology of the free loop space of M .
Functional expression and sites of gene transcription of a novel α subunit of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor in rat brain (1990)

Two alpha subunits of the GABAA receptor in rat brain have been identified by molecular cloning. The deduced polypeptide sequences share major characteristics with other chemically gated ion channel proteins. One polypeptide represents the rat homologue of the alpha 3 subunit previously cloned from bovine brain, while the other polypeptide is a yet known subunit, termed alpha 5. When coexpressed with the beta 1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes the receptors containing the alpha 5 subunit revealed a higher sensitivity to GABA than receptors expressed from alpha 1 + beta 1 subunits or alpha 3 + beta 1 subunits (Ka = 1 microM, 13 microM and 14 microM, respectively). The alpha 5 subunit was expressed only in a few brain areas such as cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and olfactory bulb granular layer as shown by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Since the mRNA of the alpha 5 subunit was colocalized with the alpha 1 and alpha 3 subunits only in cerebral cortex and in the hippocampal formation the alpha 5 subunit may be part of distinct GABAA receptors in neuronal populations within the olfactory bulb.
A Web content serving utility (2004)

Utility computing allows users, or customers, to utilize advanced technologies without having to build a dedicated infrastructure. Customers can use a shared infrastructure and pay only for the capacity that each one needs. Each utility offers a specific information technology service, delivered on a pay-as-you-go model. This paper describes the design and development of a content-serving utility (CSU) that provides highly scalable Web content distribution over the Internet. We provide a technology overview of content distribution and a summary of the CSU from a customer perspective. We discuss the technical architecture underlying the service, including topics such as physical infrastructure, core service functions, infrastructure management, security, and usage-based billing. We then focus on the key issues affecting the performance and capacity of both the service infrastructure and the customer Web sites it supports.
Cooperative Control of Ion and Molecular Recognition by Molecular Assembling (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCooperative Control of Ion and Molecular Recognition by Molecular AssemblingTatsuya Nabeshima, Takayoshi Takahashi, Takeshi Hanami, Akihiro Kikuchi, Tohru Kawabe, and Yumihiko YanoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 12, 3802–3803Publication Date (Web):May 20, 1998Publication History Received4 March 1998Published online20 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980406ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980406irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Complexation,Ions,Mixtures,Noncovalent interactions,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Acrylodan-conjugated Cysteine Side Chains Reveal Conformational State and Ligand Site Locations of the Acetylcholine-binding Protein (2004)

We undertook cysteine substitution mutagenesis and fluorophore conjugation at selected residue positions to map sites of ligand binding and changes in solvent exposure of the acetylcholine-binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis, a nicotinic receptor surrogate. Acrylodan fluorescence emission is highly sensitive to its local environment, and when bound to protein, exhibits changes in both intensity and emission wavelength that are reflected in the degree of solvent exclusion and the effective dielectric constant of the environment of the fluorophore. Hence, cysteine mutants were generated based on the acetylcholine-binding protein crystal structure and predicted ligand binding sites, and fluorescence parameters were assayed on the acrylodan-conjugated proteins. This approach allows one to analyze the environment around the conjugated fluorophore side chain and the changes induced by bound ligand. Introduction of an acrylodan-cysteine conjugate at position 178 yields a large blue shift with alpha-bungarotoxin association, whereas the agonists and alkaloid antagonists induce red shifts reflecting solvent exposure at this position. Such residue-selective changes in fluorescence parameters suggest that certain ligands can induce distinct conformational states of the binding protein, and that mutually exclusive binding results from disparate portals of entry to and orientations of the bound alpha-toxin and smaller acetylcholine congeners at the binding pocket. Labeling at other residue positions around the predicted binding pocket also reveals distinctive spectral changes for alpha-bungarotoxin, agonists, and alkaloid antagonists.
Capacity of wireless ad-hoc networks under ultra wide band with power constraint (2005)

In this paper, we study how the achievable throughput scales in a wireless network with randomly located nodes as the number of nodes increases, under a communication model where (i) each node has a maximum transmission power W/sub O/ and is capable of utilizing B Hz of bandwidth and (ii) each link can obtain a channel throughput according to the Shannon capacity. Under the limit case that B tends to infinity, we show that each node can obtain a throughput of /spl theta/(n/sup (/spl alpha/-1)/2/) where n is the density of the nodes and /spl alpha/ > 1 is the path loss exponent. Both the upper bound and lower bound are derived through percolation theory. In order to derive the capacity bounds, we have also derived an important result on random geometric graphs: if the distance between two points in a Poisson point process with density n is non-diminishing, the minimum power route requires a power rate at least /spl Omega/(n/sup (1-/spl alpha/)/2/). Our results show that the most promising approach to improving the capacity bounds in wireless ad hoc networks is to employ unlimited bandwidth resources, such as the ultra wide band (UWB).
Magnetic reaction (1992)

I found Keith McLauchlan's article (January, p41) on environmental magnetic fields most interesting as a report on the effects of fields on free radical chemistry. As a report on the dangers of such fields, however, the article is fatally flawed in the lack of even order-of-magnitude figures on the size of such effects.
Identification of minimum air flow design for a desktop computer using CFD modeling (2002)

This paper reports the results of CFD analysis to cool the 30-W socketed CPU of a desktop computer with minimum air flow rate and minimum heat sink size. This was achieved using only the fan in the power supply for all air movement in the chassis. A duct was employed to direct the air flow over the CPU and then to the inlet air vents of the power supply. Use of this duct allowed more than 10/spl deg/C reduction of the CPU case temperature, relative to a unducted design. The CFD analysis results were confirmed by experiment, and the predicted CPU case temperatures agreed within /spl plusmn/2.9/spl deg/C of the experimental values for the ducted cases. This paper describes the methodology of CFD analysis for the heat sink/duct design, and describes experimental procedures to validate the predictions.
"Helium Spots": Caused by a Diapiric Magma from the Upper Mantle (1978)

"Helium spots," where a significant amount of helium is present in the soil [up to 350 parts per million with a high (3)He to (4)He ratio of (8.90 +/- 0.31) x 10(-6)], have been found along the fault zone formed by the 1966 Matsushiro swarm earthquakes. The formation of the "helium spots" and the occurrence of the earthquakes are interpreted as the results of a diapiric uprise of a magma approximately 1 kilometer in diameter.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Treatment of Cardiac Disease (2006)

The ischemia-induced death of cardiomyocytes results in scar formation and reduced contractility of the ventricle. Several preclinical and clinical studies have supported the notion that cell therapy may be used for cardiac regeneration. Most attempts for cardiomyoplasty have considered the bone marrow as the source of the "repair stem cell(s)," assuming that the hematopoietic stem cell can do the work. However, bone marrow is also the residence of other progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Since 1995 it has been known that under in vitro conditions, MSCs differentiate into cells exhibiting features of cardiomyocytes. This pioneer work was followed by many preclinical studies that revealed that ex vivo expanded, bone marrow-derived MSCs may represent another option for cardiac regeneration. In this work, we review evidence and new prospects that support the use of MSCs in cardiomyoplasty.
Recent progress in deep end-to-end models for spoken language processing (2017)

End-to-end models (or sequence-to-sequence models) based on deep neural networks have recently become popular within the machine learning community. These techniques are also increasingly used in automatic speech recognition as an alternative to the state-of-the-art, hybrid HMM-DNN (hidden Markov model, deep neural network) system. The end-to-end systems contain a purely neural architecture that eliminates the need of any time alignment between the input acoustic feature vector sequence and output phone sequence. In this paper, we present progress within the IBM Watson Multimodal Group on end-to-end models for spoken language processing. We present our work on two types of end-to-end models applied to speech-to-text and keyword search tasks, namely, 1) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based on connectionist temporal classification loss, and 2) attention-based encoder–decoder RNNs. We present results on several languages (such as Pashto, Mongolian, Javanese, Amharic, Guarani, Dholuo, Igbo, and Georgian) from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity funded Babel Program. We also present a detailed analysis of some salient characteristics of these models compared with the state-of-the-art HMM-DNN hybrid systems, and also discuss future challenges in using such models for spoken language processing.
Proposal maps driven MCMC for estimating human body pose in static images (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of estimating human body pose in static images. This problem is challenging due to the high dimensional state space of body poses, the presence of pose ambiguity, and the need to segment the human body in an image. We use an image generative approach by modeling the human kinematics, the shape and the clothing probabilistically. These models are used for deriving a good likelihood measure to evaluate samples in the solution, space. We adopt a data-driven MCMC framework for searching the solution space efficiently. Our observation data include the face, head-shoulders contour, skin color blobs, and ridges; and they provide evidences on the positions of the head, shoulders and limbs. To translate these inferences into pose hypotheses, we introduce the use of 'proposal maps', which is an efficient way of consolidating the evidence and generating 3D pose candidates during the MCMC search. As experimental results show, the proposed technique estimates the human 3D pose accurately on various test images.
SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (2002)

The ground penetrating radar geophysical method is a rapid, high-resolution tool for non-invasive investigation. Ground penetrating radar records microwave radiation that passes through the ground and is returned to the surface. The radar waves propagate at velocities that are dependent upon the dielectric constant of the subsurface, and reflections are caused by changes in the dielectric constant that are due to changes in the subsurface medium. A transmitter sends a microwave signal into the subsurface, and the time it takes energy to return to the surface relates to the depth at which the energy was reflected. Thus, interpretation of this reflected energy yields information on structural variation of the near subsurface. Ground penetrating radar transmitters operate in the megahertz range, and the choice of source signal peak frequency helps to determine the expected depth of penetration and resolution. Data are most often collected along a survey profile, so that plots of the recorded signals with respect to survey position and travel-time can be associated with image of geologic structure as a function of horizontal position and depth. Ground penetrating radar can be collected fairly rapidly and initial interpretations can be made with minimal data processing, making the use of ground penetrating radar for shallow geophysical investigation quite cost effective.
Messunsicherheit in der Kunststoffanalytik (2017)

You have accessMessunsicherheit in der KunststoffanalytikOct 2017Messunsicherheit in der KunststoffanalytikBruno Wampfler, Samuel Affolter, Axel Ritter, Manfred SchmidBruno Wampfler, Samuel Affolter, Axel Ritter, Manfred Schmidhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453159.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: I-XXIIIPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-45286-2eISBN: 978-3-446-45315-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Communication coverage for independently moving robots (2012)

We consider the task of providing communication coverage to a group of sensing robots (sensors) moving independently to collect data. We provide communication via controlled placement of router vehicles that relay messages from any sensor to any other sensor in the system under the assumptions of 1) no cooperation from the sensors, and 2) only sensor-router or router-router communication over a maximum distance of R is reliable. We provide a formal framework and design provable exact and approximate (faster) algorithms for finding optimal router vehicle locations that are updated according to sensor movement. Using vehicle limitations, such as bounded control effort and maximum velocities of the sensors, our algorithm approximates areas that each router can reach while preserving connectivity and returns an expiration time window over which these positions are guaranteed to maintain communication of the entire system. The expiration time is compared against computation time required to update positions as a decision variable for choosing either the exact or approximate solution for maintaining connectivity with the sensors on-line.
Association of p72 tyrosine kinase with Stat factors and its activation by interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1994)

Hematopoietic cytokines, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), induce the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of hematopoietic lineage cells. These cytokines activate the Jak/Stat-mediated signal transduction pathway that is important in the biologic activities of these cytokines. In this study, we showed that hematopoietic cytokines, such as IL-3, IL-6, and G-CSF, all induced tyrosine-phosphorylation of Stat family proteins and Stat-associated 150-kD and 72-kD molecules in hematopoietic lineage cell lines. Furthermore, we showed that the 72-kD molecule had tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine kinase activity of the 72-kD molecule was enhanced by the stimulation through an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130, that was shared among the receptors for the IL-6-related cytokine subfamily, such as leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, IL-11, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Because 72-kD tyrosine kinase was distinct from Syk, Tec, and Btk and coimmunoprecipitated with anti-Stat antiserum, we termed it Stat- associated 72-kD tyrosine kinase (p72sak). p72sak may directly activate Stat family proteins or other signal transducing molecules for IL-3, G- CSF, and the IL-6-related cytokine subfamily.
The Synthesis of Three AMP‐Analogues: <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐(6‐Aminohexyl)‐adenosine 5′‐Monophosphate, <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐(6‐Aminohexyl)‐adenosine 2′,5′‐Bisphosphate, and <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐(6‐Aminohexyl)‐adenosine 3′,5′‐Bisphosphate and Their Application as General Ligands in Biospecific Affinity Chromatography (1974)

Phosphorylation of 6‐chloropurine riboside with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus trichloride gave a mixture of the two isomers, 6‐chloropurine‐riboside 2′,5′‐bisphosphate and 6‐chloropurine‐riboside 3′,5′‐bisphosphate. Reaction with 1,6‐diaminohexane followed by resolution of the isomeric mixture on a Dowex 1‐X2 column yielded N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 2′,5′‐bisphosphate and N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 3′,5′‐bisphosphate. The inhibition of several NADP + ‐dependent and NAD + ‐dependent dehydrogenases by N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 2′,5′‐bisphosphate, N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 3′,5′‐bisphosphate and N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 5′‐monophosphate was examined. These three AMP‐analogues were attached to Sepharose 4B by the cyanogen bromide method and the binding of several NAD(P) + ‐dependent enzymes were investigated. NADP + ‐dependent enzymes were bound to Sepharose substituted with N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 2′,5′‐bisphosphate, whereas NAD + ‐dependent enzymes were not bound under the same conditions. Conversely, when N 6 ‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐adenosine 5′‐monophosphate was used as the immobilised ligand only the NAD + ‐dependent enzymes were bound, as well as glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase showing weak affinity. These observations strongly suggest that these two immobilised analogues represent true biospecific and group‐specific adsorbents. The enzymes were eluted with their complementary nucleotides, NAD(H) and NADP(H). These techniques were utilised to purify several NADP + ‐dependent enzymes from a crude Candida utilis extract by chromatography on the new biospecific adsorbent.
Saint-Claude (2001)

Identifiant de l'operation archeologique : 3987001 Date de l'operation : 2000 (FP) La campagne 2001 a poursuivi l’etude des deux chapelles funeraires. Les peintures murales du XVe s. de la chapelle de Claude Venet ont ete relevees a l’echelle 1:1 afin de preciser un etat archeologique de la peinture. Son exploitation permettra l’etude du processus d’elaboration technique du decor peint. Dans un second temps, ce travail pourrait guider la restauration des peintures et permettra d’en proposer u...
The Biology of Bone Grafting (2005)

Many approaches are used to repair skeletal defects in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, and bone grafting is involved in virtually every procedure. The type of bone graft used depends on the clinical scenario and the anticipated final outcome. Autogenous cancellous bone graft, with its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, remains the standard for grafting. However, the high incidence of morbidity during autogenous graft harvest may make the acquisition of grafts from other sources desirable. The clinical applications for each type of bone graft are dictated by the structure and biochemical properties of the graft. An elegant cellular and molecular cascade follows bone transplantation. Bone graft incorporation within the host, whether autogenous or allogeneic, depends on many factors: type of graft (autogenous versus allogeneic, vascular versus nonvascular), site of transplant, quality of transplanted bone and host bone, host bed preparation, preservation techniques, systemic and local disease, and mechanical properties of the graft.
Evaluation of Optical Radiation Hazards (1973)

Methodology for the evaluation of potential optical radiation hazards .has been developed in response to the increasing use of high radiance optical sources, such as lasers, compact arc lamps, tungsten-halogen lamps, and electronic flash lamps. Recent biological investigations of injury from ultraviolet radiation and studies of chorioretinal injury from high radiance sources permit a realistic ocular hazard evaluation. Safe exposure criteria that may be readily applied to practical situations have been developed from the available biological data and from experience with occupational hazards. Hazard evaluation techniques, hazard data, and general control measures are provided for a number of commonly encountered ultraviolet, visible, and infrared sources.