gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing RC tree delay in high speed ASICs through repeater insertion (2002)

One method of overcoming wire delay due to long resistive interconnect is to insert repeaters in the line. Analytical expressions describing a CMOS inverter driving an RC load have been integrated into a global optimization algorithm for inserting repeaters into RC trees. The timing model predicts results generally within 10% of SPICE. The global optimization method exhibits total delay improvements of up to 86% over typical cascaded buffer insertion methods. The repeater timing model, global insertion methodology and algorithm, and software implementation are summarized in this paper.
Modulation of cell growth by retinoids and their possible mechanisms of action. (1984)

Retinoids can enhance or inhibit anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth of many different cell types in vitro. The action is dependent on the concentration of the retinoid, the cell line, and culture conditions. Inhibition of cell growth by retinoids is accompanied by a reduction in ornithine decarboxylase activity and an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Whether the action on this enzyme is the cause or the effect of the restriction in G1 has yet to be determined. It is clear that retinoids can serve as growth-promoting agents of certain eukaryotic cells and should be included in tests to optimize cell culture conditions in serum-free medium. Retinoids can act synergistically with a large number of growth factors. Retinoids enhance the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to a variety of cell lines. These compounds increase the number of available receptor sites but do not have a marked effect on the affinity of EGF to its receptor. The enhancement of cell growth by retinoids may be due, at least in part, to this increase in EGF binding. The presence of retinoid-binding proteins does not correlate with the action of retinoids on cell growth, which indicates that these binding proteins are not essential in the modulation of cell growth in vitro. It remains to be established whether the influence of retinoids on cell growth is mediated by alterations in cell surface properties induced either directly by changes in, for example, physicochemical properties of the membrane or indirectly via the formation of retinylphosphate mannose intermediates.
Forensic Drug Testing For Opiates. V. Urine Testing for Heroin, Morphine, and Codeine With Commercial Opiate Immunoassays (1993)

Urine specimens collected after heroin, morphine, and codeine administration were tested by four commercial opiate immunoassays (TDx, CAC, ABUS, and EMIT) and GC/MS. Quantitative immunoassay results (morphine equivalents) were compared with results by GC/MS for total morphine, free morphine, or total codeine. Mean detection times for the broadly cross-reacting immunoassays (TDx, ABUS, and EMIT, 300 ng/mL cutoff) ranged from 15-44 hours following heroin and morphine administration and 33-54 hours following codeine administration. Detection times obtained with CAC (25 ng/mL cutoff) tended to be somewhat shorter as a result of the high selectivity of the antibody for free morphine. High correlations over a wide concentration range were obtained for TDx, CAC, and ABUS versus GC/MS, with specimens collected after heroin and morphine administration. EMIT showed a high correlation over a narrow concentration range (0-1000 ng/mL) with heroin and morphine specimens, but responses plateaued at higher concentrations. There was substantial variability in immunoassay responses with specimens collected after codeine administration. Generally, this study demonstrated that immunoassay responses for opiate urine testing can be used as a semi-quantitative guide for GC/MS confirmation; however, the presence of codeine increased variability and diminished the accuracy of the immunoassay response.
Structural Domains of DNA Mesojunctions (1995)

Holliday junctions are central intermediates in the process of genetic recombination. These DNA molecules contain four double helices that flank a central branch point, so that each of the four strands that constitute the junction is associated with two different helices. Previously, we have shown that such branched junctions are a special subset of the class of DNA molecules containing multiple strands, in which each strand is associated with two double helices [Du, S. M., Zhang, S., & Seeman, N. C. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 10955-10963]. Conventional branched molecules, such as the Holliday junction, contain helices whose axes can all be drawn to radiate from a central point. The other molecules of the class contain helices whose axes are circumferential about the central point. If all of the helices are circumferential, the molecule is called an antijunction; if the molecule contains a mixture of radial and circumferential helices, it is called a mesojunction. The properties of the molecule are a function of the even or odd nature of the number of helical half-turns in the circumferential helices. Previously, a four-strand antijunction and three-strand and four-strand mesojunctions containing three half-turns (16 nucleotide pairs) per helix were constructed and characterized. Here, we have attempted to construct the analogous molecules containing two half-turns (10 nucleotide pairs) in each helix. The three-strand mesojunction and the four-strand antijunction are not stable under conditions suitable for analysis. We have characterized the two four-strand mesojunctions that are stable by Ferguson analysis, thermal denaturation, and Fe(II)EDTA2- autofootprinting. In addition, we have characterized a four-strand mesojunction containing 14 nucleotide pairs in its circumferential helices and have shown that its favored conformer is different from that of a closely related molecule containing 16 nucleotide pairs in its circumferential helices.
Evaluation of the Error Rate for a Single-Pole Writing Head and Double-Layer Perpendicular Media. (1999)

The read/write performance of a thin-film single-pole head and a double-layer perpendicular disk was evaluated, including error rate testing. An AMR head with a track width of 1.4 μm was used as a reading head. The channel of the tester was a PR4ML with 8/9 endec. For the testing, readback waveform of the MR head was transformed into a suitable pulse shape with a differentiator for the testing. A D50 of 185 kFRPI and a PW50 of 130 nm were obtained with this equalization. A byte error rate of 10-6 was obtained at 310 kFRPI.
Study of SiC Application to Diesel Particulate Filter (Part 1): Material Development (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We studied the use of SiC porous material for diesel particulate filters. Crystallities of SiC grow into hexagonal plates during sintering,but their sizes have not been controllable yet. We developed a production process that makes the average pore diameter as desired in limiting the pore size distribution to a narrow range. Diesel particulate filters made of SiC greatly reduce pressure loss even when a large quantity of particulates accumulates as compared with conventional wall-flow type filter of cordierite of the same size. This enables particulate filter to be made smaller. The good thermal conductivity of SiC allows fast regeneration without a temperature spike, but its large coefficient of thermal expansion causes heat cracks during rig tests and engine bench tests. The rig tests showed that the heat cracking problem can be solved if the length and diameter are below a certain threshold for each. Thus, we developed a split-type of diesel particulate filter, which consists of a number of filter segments with a square section, and seal materials having good thermal conductivity, which are sandwiched between segments. And the split-type of diesel particulate filter can easily be adapted to each engine volume.</div>
Detection of Humoral Response Using a Recombinant Heat Shock Protein 70, DnaK, of<i>Mycoplasma haemofelis</i>in Experimentally and Naturally Hemoplasma-Infected Cats (2010)

Hemoplasmas is the trivial name given to a group of erythrocyte-parasitizing bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma. Of the feline hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemofelis is the most pathogenic, while "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" and "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" are less pathogenic. Shotgun libraries of fragmented M. haemofelis genomic DNA were constructed, and random colonies were selected for DNA sequencing. In silico-translated amino acid sequences of putative open reading frames were compared to mass spectrometry data from M. haemofelis protein spots identified as being immunogenic by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Three of the spots matched the predicted sequences of a heat shock protein 70 (DnaK) homolog, elongation factor Ts, and a fragment of phosphoglycerate kinase found during library screening. A full-length copy of the M. haemofelis dnaK gene was cloned into Escherichia coli and recombinantly expressed. Recombinant M. haemofelis DnaK was purified and then used in Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the humoral immune response during acute infection in cats experimentally infected with M. haemofelis, "Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum," or "Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis". The recombinant M. haemofelis DnaK ELISA also was used to screen clinical samples submitted for hemoplasma PCR testing to a commercial laboratory (n = 254). Experimentally infected cats became seropositive following infection, with a greater and earlier antibody response seen in cats inoculated with M. haemofelis than those seen in cats inoculated with "Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum" or "Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis," by both Western blotting and ELISA. Of the clinical samples, 31.1% had antibodies detected by the ELISA but only 9.8% were positive by PCR for one or more hemoplasmas.
CMOS-integrated geometrically tunable optical filters (2013)

We present a method for producing monolithically integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) optical filters with different and customer-specific responses. The filters are constituted by a Fabry–Perot resonator formed by two Bragg mirrors separated by a patterned cavity. The filter response can be tuned by changing the geometric parameters of the patterning, and consequently the cavity effective refractive index. In this way, many different filters can be produced at once on a single chip, allowing multichanneling. The filter has been designed, produced, and characterized. The results for a chip with 24 filters are presented.
A novel bacteriocin, thuricin 17, produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strain Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17: isolation and classification (2006)

Our work has characterized a bacteriocin produced by a plant growth promoting bacterium. This strain is previously reported to increase soya bean nodulation.
Bounded Risk-Sensitive Markov Game and Its Inverse Reward Learning Problem. (2020)

Classical game-theoretic approaches for multi-agent systems in both the forward policy learning/design problem and the inverse reward learning problem often make strong rationality assumptions: agents are perfectly rational expected utility maximizers. Specifically, the agents are risk-neutral to all uncertainties, maximize their expected rewards, and have unlimited computation resources to explore such policies. Such assumptions, however, substantially mismatch with many observed humans' behaviors such as satisficing with sub-optimal policies, risk-seeking and loss-aversion decisions. In this paper, we investigate the problem of bounded risk-sensitive Markov Game (BRSMG) and its inverse reward learning problem. Instead of assuming unlimited computation resources, we consider the influence of bounded intelligence by exploiting iterative reasoning models in BRSMG. Instead of assuming agents maximize their expected utilities (a risk-neutral measure), we consider the impact of risk-sensitive measures such as the cumulative prospect theory. Convergence analysis of BRSMG for both the forward policy learning and the inverse reward learning are established. The proposed forward policy learning and inverse reward learning algorithms in BRSMG are validated through a navigation scenario. Simulation results show that the behaviors of agents in BRSMG demonstrate both risk-averse and risk-seeking phenomena, which are consistent with observations from humans. Moreover, in the inverse reward learning task, the proposed bounded risk-sensitive inverse learning algorithm outperforms the baseline risk-neutral inverse learning algorithm.
Transmit Power Control Policies for Energy Harvesting Sensors With Retransmissions (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of finding outage- optimal power control policies for wireless energy harvesting sensor (EHS) nodes with automatic repeat request (ARQ)-based packet transmissions. The power control policy of the EHS specifies the transmission power for each packet transmission attempt, based on all the information available at the EHS. In particular, the acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) messages received provide the EHS with partial information about the channel state. We solve the problem of finding an optimal power control policy by casting it as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We study the structure of the optimal power policy in two ways. First, for the special case of binary power levels at the EHS, we show that the optimal policy for the underlying Markov decision process (MDP) when the channel state is observable is a threshold policy in the battery state. Second, we benchmark the performance of the EHS by rigorously analyzing the outage probability of a general fixed-power transmission scheme, where the EHS uses a predetermined power level at each slot within the frame. Monte Carlo simulation results illustrate the performance of the POMDP approach and verify the accuracy of the analysis. They also show that the POMDP solutions can significantly outperform conventional ad hoc approaches.
EUV Light Sources for Next-Gen Lithography (2018)

After a long period of development, sophisticated machines that generate streams of extreme-ultraviolet radiation from laser-produced plasmas are on the cusp of taking chip manufacturing to the next level.
WARNING (1985)

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics is a leading journal that focuses specifically on traumatic injuries to give you hands-on on coverage of a fast-growing field. You'll get articles that cover everything from the nature of injury to the effects of new drug therapies; everything from recommendations for more effective surgical approaches to the latest laboratory findings. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics is the official journal of the: Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs. (1991)

We conclude that high-dose cocaine possesses negative inotropic and potent type I electrophysiological effects. Sodium bicarbonate selectively reversed cocaine-induced QRS prolongation and may be a useful treatment of ventricular arrhythmias associated with slowed ventricular conduction in the setting of cocaine overdose.
Effect of E-5110, a novel non-steroidal anti-flammatory drug, on trimethadione metabolism as an indicator of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in beagle dog (1994)

1. We examined the effects of N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylidene pyrrolidin-2-one (E-5110), a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the pharmacokinetics of trimethadione (TMO) and characterized the P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of TMO in beagle dog. 2. In the E-5110-treated dog (50 mg/kg/day for 7 days: oral) the plasma half-life (t1/2) and the area under the curve (AUC) of TMO (4 mg/kg, i.v.) in vivo were decreased, and total body clearance (CL) was increased; the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was relatively unchanged. 3. Contents of P450 and b5, and the activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase in vitro were significantly increased compared with controls by repeated E-5110 treatment in dog. 4. Contents of CYP2B and 3A were increased by E-5110 pretreatment in dog. 5. TMO N-demethylation was inhibited by the anti-CYP2B and 3A IgG fractions in liver microsomes obtained from the E-5110-treated dog. 6. Results of both the in vivo and in vitro studies of the effects of E-5110 treatment in dog on TMO indicate that these effects may be attributed to the induction of CYP2B and 3A.
Transmembrane Voltage Changes Produced by Real and Virtual Electrodes During Monophasic Defibrillation Shock Delivered by an Implantable Electrode (1997)

ICD monophasic defibrillation shocks create large dynamically interacting areas of both negative and positive polarization.
HARP: Adaptive abort recurrence prediction for Hardware Transactional Memory (2013)

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) exposes parallelism by allowing possibly conflicting sections of code, called transactions, to execute concurrently in multithreaded applications. However, conflicts among concurrent transactions result in wasted computation and expensive rollbacks. Under high contention HTM protocol overheads can, in many cases, amount to several times the useful work done. Blindly scheduling transactions in the presence of contention is therefore clearly suboptimal from a resource utilization standpoint, especially in situations where several scheduling options exist. This paper presents HARP (Hardware Abort Recurrence Predictor), a hardware-only mechanism to avoid speculation when it is likely to fail. Inspired by branch prediction strategies and prior work on contention management and scheduling in HTM, HARP uses past behavior of transactions and locality in conflicting memory references to accurately predict conflicts. The prediction mechanism adapts to variations in workload characteristics and enables better utilization of computational resources. We show that an HTM protocol that integrates HARP exhibits reductions in both wasted execution time and serialization overheads when compared to prior work, leading to a significant increase in throughput (~30%) in both single-application and multi-application scenarios.
Mobile Phone Programming-Based on Mobile Sensor API for User Interface (2010)

Recently, it is a popular trend to incorporate sensors into personal consumer devices. This action provides more interaction with users and optimizes users’ experiences. For instance, the remote controller of Wii employs an accelerometer that enables players to simulate motions in real life. The ipod touch can automatically change the screen to display vertically or horizontally according to the placement of the device.\nAlso, various kinds of sensors are embedded in mobile devices to provide more services and functions. The usual types of mobile sensors include the accelerometer, ambient light sensor, magnetometer and rotation sensor. Besides, the mobile phone company Nokia has opened the access to the hardware to some extent and provided API for developers to access them conveniently. In this way, the users are able to not only enjoy the sensor-related services provided by the phone manufacturers, but also to run those sensor-based applications developed by individual developers.\nIn this final thesis, I programmed a sensor-controlled user interface by implementing the accelerometer inside the mobile device. The application is based on Java 2 ME platform and Java SDK emulator. A three-axis accelerometer and the mobile sensor API (JSR 256) are necessarily required for the mobile device to run the application. This user interface provides a means to switch the menu by the movement of the device, compared with the traditional approach of pressing a button.
LensTree: Browsing and Navigating Large Hierarchical Information Structures (2006)

This paper presents LensTree, a novel browsing and navigation tool for large hierarchical information structures. It enhances traditional indented lists by applying focus + context view to its design. LensTree dynamically changes the sizes of nodes to provide a focal area around the mouse pointer while keeping nodes in the peripheral area in smaller sizes as context. This enables it to display a larger hierarchy than traditional indented lists within the same screen area. Therefore scrolling and expanding/collapsing are less often used so that it is more efficient for performing browsing and navigation tasks. An informal user test was conducted and the users showed strong interest to LensTree's visual presentation. It suggested that this technique was worth further exploitation
Electrodeposition of NiW alloys into deep recesses (2001)

Pulse electrodeposition has been investigated as a general technique for the electrodeposition of nickel-tungsten alloys in deep recesses for MEMS. Ni-W exhibits an induced codeposition mechanism, where the Ni reaction rate enhances the codeposition of W. Electrodeposition of this alloy has been achieved into recesses of 500 micron deep. The challenges that have been encountered are those related to gas evolving side reactions, local pH rises, diffusional limitations of the soluble species and long times required for filling the recesses. Electrodeposition on cylinder electrodes at different rotation rates was also carried out in order to obtain data on composition of the alloy and current efficiency of the process, for different baths considered. These studies were carried out to examine the suitability of the bath for microstructure development and to describe better how the codeposition processes is affected by mass transport.
Increased vascular perfusion after administration of an omental lipid fraction. (1986)

Recently, it has been reported that a lipid material is present within the omentum which has potent angiogenic activity. In the report being presented herein, the omental material was injected intramuscularly in the area of a standardized wound and at a site distant from the wound. Control animals were injected in a comparable manner using saline solution. The omental lipid material resulted in increased vascular perfusion in the wound regardless of whether the material was injected locally or remotely as measured by in vivo nuclear imaging techniques using tagged erythrocytes labeled with Technetium (Tc-99m). The ability to demonstrate that an omental lipid fraction can cause increased vascular perfusion has become possible because the omental lipid material is abundant in supply and relatively simple to prepare in large quantities.
Surgical treatment of syringomyelia (1984)

The authors reviewed the clinical findings, radiological evaluation, and operative therapy of 39 patients with syringomyelia. Syringoperitoneal (SP) shunting was used in 15 patients and other procedures were used in 24 patients. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 1/2 to 12 years. During the period of this study, metrizamide myelography in conjunction with early and delayed computerized tomography scanning replaced all other diagnostic procedures in patients with syringomyelia. Preoperative accuracy for the two procedures was 87%. The most common symptoms were weakness (79%), sensory loss (67%), pain (38%), and leg stiffness (28%). Surgery was most effective in stabilizing or alleviating pain (100%), sensory loss (81%), and weakness (74%); spasticity, headache, and bowel or bladder dysfunction were less likely to be reversed. Approximately 80% of patients with idiopathic and posttraumatic syringomyelia and 70% of those with arachnoiditis improved or stabilized. Better results were obtained in patients with less severe neurological deficits, suggesting the need for early operative intervention. A higher percentage of patients had neurological improvement with SP shunting than with any other procedure, especially when SP shunting was the first operation performed. Patients treated with SP shunts also had the highest complication rate, most often shunt malfunction. These results indicate that SP shunting is effective in reversing or arresting neurological deterioration in patients with syringomyelia.