gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigation of the crystallographic structure, anisotropic elastic response, and electronic properties of the major borides in Ni-based superalloys (2020)

In Ni-based superalloys, it is usually found that borides can strengthen the grain boundaries, thereby resulting in an increase in mechanical strength and high-temperature creep properties. Due to their importance and prevalence in Ni-based superalloys, this study employs first-principles methods to investigate the crystallographic structure, anisotropic elastic response, and electronic properties of the major borides, such as M2B, M5B3 and M3B2 (M: Cr, Mo, W), respectively, which is necessary for the assessment of complex mechanical responses of Ni-based superalloys. The results demonstrate that the studied borides are all thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Among the MxBy binary borides analysed, CrxBy exhibits the largest shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Vicker hardness values, and these properties increase with the increase of B contents. The studied borides display nearly isotropic elastic properties except for W5B3 and W3B2. The electronic structure analysis of MxBy shows that the strong hybridisation between M-d and B-p orbitals leads to these borides exhibiting higher theoretical hardness, and the overlapping peaks of M-d and B-p orbitals move to a lower energy area with the increase of B contents, which leads to the increase of shear and Young’s moduli of MxBy. Furthermore, for M3B2 borides, the Cr-B bonds and Cr–Cr bonds are much stronger than the W-B & Mo-B bonds, and W-W & Mo-Mo bonds, respectively, which leads to CrxBy yielding the largest values of elastic moduli.
Analyse of real and simulated tractrix of modern agricultural machines. (2017)

The camparision of simulated and real tractrices show that simulation software can depict tractrices for agricultural machinery with sufficient accuracy. ln the planning of field access roads the area requirement for maneuvering by the overhanging parts of machinery or attached implements can be simulated so that the location and size of this extra space, as weil as that for the running gear tracks, can be determined. ln this way provision can be made beforehand for sufficiently dimensioned load-bearing roadways and the right amount of additional free space overhangs for vehicle combination.
ORDER EMBEDDING OF A MATRIX ORDERED SPACE (2011)

Abstract We characterize certain properties in a matrix ordered space in order to embed it in a C * -algebra. Let such spaces be called C * -ordered operator spaces. We show that for every self-adjoint operator space there exists a matrix order (on it) to make it a C * -ordered operator space. However, the operator space dual of a (nontrivial) C * -ordered operator space cannot be embedded in any C * -algebra.
Conformational Analysis of Olefin−Carbene Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts (2009)

We settle a long-standing disagreement of DFT with experiment (both solution and gas phase) for the phosphine dissociation process in Grubbs metathesis catalysis. Our findings with the M06 functional provide further support to gas-phase experimental work, concluding that for the ring-closing metathesis of norbornene, the resting state is the alkylidene−olefin complex and the rate-determining step is the loss of norbornene as a ligand and generation of the 14-electron activated species. Comparing to recent solution NMR data on olefin−carbene Ru complexes relevant to olefin metathesis, we find that the M06 density functional leads to accurate predictions for the stability of conformers, ~0.5 kcal/mol better than is found by B3LYP. Using this methodology, we suggest that Piers and co-workers observed the cis-dichloro “down” isomer exclusively following the ring opening of acenaphthalene.
Streamline topology in the near wake of a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers (2007)

For the flow around a circular cylinder, the steady flow changes its topology at a Reynolds number around 6 where the flow separates and a symmetric double separation zone is created. At the bifurcation point, the flow topology is locally degenerate, and by a bifurcation analysis we find all possible streamline patterns which can occur as perturbations of this flow. We show that there is no a priori topological limitation from further assuming that the flow fulfils the steady Navier–Stokes equations or from assuming that a Hopf bifurcation occurs close to the degenerate flow. The steady flow around a circular cylinder experiences a Hopf bifurcation for a Reynolds number about 45–49. Assuming that this Reynolds number is so close to the value where the steady separation occurs that the flow here can be considered a perturbation of the degenerate flow, the topological bifurcation diagram will contain all possible instantaneous streamline patterns in the periodic regime right after the Hopf bifurcation. On the basis of the spatial and temporal symmetry associated with the circular cylinder and the structure of the topological bifurcation diagram, two periodic scenarios of instantaneous streamline patterns are conjectured. We confirm numerically the existence of these scenarios, and find that the first scenario exists only in a narrow range after the Hopf bifurcation whereas the second one persists through the entire range of Re where the flow can be considered two-dimensional. Our results corroborate previous experimental and computational results.
A Biomechanical Study of Torque and Accuracy of Halo Pin Insertional Devices* (1996)

The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the torque achieved with a variety of devices used for the insertion of halo pins. We found that equivalent devices from the same manufacturer did not reliably achieve the same torque, that the same device used by different surgeons did not reliably achieve the same torque, and that the devices achieved varying levels of accuracy and repeatability. The proportion of trials in which the achieved torque was within +/- 10 per cent of the intended torque averaged 64 per cent (range, less than 1 to 100 per cent). Our data suggest that the insertion of halo pins with use of most currently available torque-setting devices is an inherently inaccurate process.
Processing and characterisation of diamondlike carbon films (1997)

In nature, carbon has two crystalline allotropes, diamond and graphite, with vastly different properties. However, through chemical or physical vapour deposition (CVD or PVD) a third state, diamondlike carbon (DLC), can be synthesised at low temperatures. There are two kinds of DLC films, one with a relatively large amount (up to 50 at.-%) of hydrogen which is thus named hydrogenated DLC, or a-C: H, and the other essentially without hydrogen inclusion which is thus named non-hydrogenated DLC or a-C (amorphous carbon). There are two basic ways to synthesise a DLCcoating: one is to dissociate a hydrocarbon gas (methane, ethylene, butane, etc.), and the other is by sputtering of a graphite target. Unbalanced magnetron sputtering, arc ion plating, and microwave, cathodic arc, and plasma assisted CVD are examples of suitable processes. The advantages and limitations of these processing methods are discussed. Methods which are often used to characterise DLC coatings are briefly described; advantages, limitations, and important influences on results are also outlined, with emphasis on Raman, infrared, electron energy loss, and NMR spectroscopy.
MOCVD of Aluminum Oxide/Hydroxide onto Organic Self-Assembled Monolayers (1999)

We demonstrate the deposition of AlxOyHz onto hydroxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers. The layer structure is investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, spontaneous desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon spectroscopy. It is found that the organic self-assembled monolayer remains intact during deposition and the film thickness of the aluminum oxide and hydroxide films can be adjusted by varying the deposition time. The new aluminum hydroxide surface was used for a second self-assembly process with dodecanoic acid.
Innovative biosourced compatibilizers for carbon and white fillers in rubber compounds (2014)

This paper discusses rubber nanocomposites prepared via melt blending and based on the following nanofillers: organically modified clays (OC), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphitic nanofillers made by few layers of graphene (nanoG). Attention is focussed on structure of nanofillers and nanocomposites, filler networking, dynamic and quasi-static mechanical behavior of nanocomposites at medium and large strain. As rubber nanocomposites find their large scale application in tyre compounds, nanocomposites based on hybrid filler system, with a nanostructured filler such as carbon black (CB), are in particular examined. It is shown that ultimate dispersion of individual layers of nanofillers in the polymer matrix is achieved through the chemical modification of nanofillers. Low crystalline order in the interlayer space of a layered nanofiller (such as OC and nanoG) leads to easier delamination that can be as well achieved through the use of mechanical energy. Individual nanofiller layers and tubes give rise to filler networking at low nanofiller concentration, particularly in the presence of CB. Hybrid filler systems lead to nanocomposites initial moduli much higher than those calculated through the sum of initial modulus of composites containing either only CB or only the nanofiller. Interestingly, nanofillers enhance the matrix modulus by a multiplication factor that depends only on the nanofiller type and content, no matter if the matrix is a neat or a CB filled polymer. Furthermore, the filler-polymer interfacial area was found to be a parameter able to correlate the mechanical behavior of both a nano- (CNT) and a nanostructured (CB) fillers. By plotting values of the composite initial modulus vs the filler-polymer interfacial area, points due to CB, CNT and to the hybrid CB-CNT system lie on the same curve. CNT are able to promote the mechanical reinforcement of rubber matrices, in the absence and in the presence of a nanostructured filler such as CB, at low and high deformations, independently of the crosslinking system.
[Effects of simvastatin on vasa vasorum and aortic endothelial function in rats]. (2010)

Hyperlipidemia can impair the vasa vasorum and aortic endothelial function. Simvastatin increases VEGF and NO and promotes neogenesis of the vasa vasorum for the benefit of the aortic function.
Detecting Change Points in the Large-Scale Structure of Evolving Networks (2015)

Interactions among people or objects are often dynamic in nature and can be represented as a sequence of networks, each providing a snapshot of the interactions over a brief period of time. An important task in analyzing such evolving networks is change-point detection, in which we both identify the times at which the large-scale pattern of interactions changes fundamentally and quantify how large and what kind of change occurred. Here, we formalize for the first time the network change-point detection problem within an online probabilistic learning framework and introduce a method that can reliably solve it. This method combines a generalized hierarchical random graph model with a Bayesian hypothesis test to quantitatively determine if, when, and precisely how a change point has occurred. We analyze the detectability of our method using synthetic data with known change points of different types and magnitudes, and show that this method is more accurate than several previously used alternatives. Applied to two high-resolution evolving social networks, this method identifies a sequence of change points that align with known external ``shocks'' to these networks.
The Use of Aligned Silver Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates (2008)

Aligned Ag nanorod arrays have been fabricated on glass substrates using an oblique angle vapor deposition (OAD) method. The surface morphology and structure of the Ag rods were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Individual nanorods were found to be primarily cylindrical, albeit with irregularly shaped surface protrusions of the rods. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response as a function of nanorod length was investigated using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene as a probe molecule at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The enhancement factors reached a maximum of ∼5 × 108 as the nanorod length approached 868 nm and then decreased to ∼3 × 106 as the nanorod length increased further to 1900 nm. For the 868 nm nanorod array, signals collected over multiple spots within the same substrate resulted in a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10%, while an RSD of 15% was measured in signals collected from different substrates. When stored in a food vacuum bag, the substrates are stable with respect to SERS intensity for greater than 2 months. This study demonstrates that the OAD Ag nanorod arrays are highly sensitive, uniform, and stable SERS substrates that are suitable for a variety of surface chemical analysis applications.
Wine and health: a review and perspective (1996)

This review provides a summary of recent debates in the medical literature concerning the effects of alcohol, and wine in particular, on health. Following an initial discussion of wine and health in general, it addresses the subjects of cardiovascular disease, the blood, cancer, mothers and babies, the elderly, the brain and the nerves, headache, the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas, nutrition and weight, the internal milieu, toxins and other miscellanea. It concludes that, with only a few exceptions, moderate consumption of wine is harmless, and often beneficial.
The vagina of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases. (1991)

Proteinases were detected in the vagina of some patients with trichomoniasis, and in most cases the proteinases were complexed with IgG, which was precipitated by S. aureus. Patients without soluble proteinases in VWs also had antibody specifically to trichomonad proteinases, again demonstrating both the expression and immunogenic nature of the proteinases in vivo. The absence of soluble proteinases in normal women and in patients having other STD agents as well as the presence of proteinases in VWs of patients without other detectable STD pathogens reinforced the idea that the proteinases were of T. vaginalis parasite origin. The findings of this study indicate that proteinases may be important to the T. vaginalis-host interrelationship.
Evaluation of the Walking Pattern in Clubfoot Patients Who Received Early Intensive Treatment (2000)

The walking pattern in a group of nine adult male subjects who had received early intensive treatment for congenital clubfoot was evaluated and compared to the walking pattern in a control group of 15 adult healthy male subjects. All subjects were filmed with a five-camera video system as they walked across two force plates. A three-dimensional inverse dynamics approach was used to calculate average joint angles, moments, power, and work. The results showed that there were no differences in the joint angles between the two groups. The overall patterns of the joint moments were very similar in the two groups. However, analysis revealed a smaller ankle joint moment and larger knee and hip joint moments in those with clubfoot. It was concluded that the larger knee and hip joint moments served as compensation for the smaller ankle moment. The reduced ankle moment and work developed about the ankle joint in the clubfeet could possibly be owing to weaker plantar flexors. In conclusion, gait analysis can be an important tool when evaluating treatment for clubfoot. However, further investigation is needed to determine whether the higher hip and knee joint moments observed in subjects with clubfoot may lead to the development of knee or hip joint pathologies.
Immunochemical studies on blood groups. The combining site specificities of mouse monoclonal hybridoma anti-A and anti-B. (1985)

Mouse monoclonal hybridomas, five anti-blood group A, three anti-B, and one anti-AB, produced by various methods of immunization, have been characterized by quantitative precipitin tests and the fine structures of their combining sites have been mapped by oligosaccharide inhibition assays. The combining sites of antibodies of each specificity differed among themselves. Three of the five monoclonals were specific for difucosyl and two for monofucosyl A determinants. All but the anti-AB were strictly specific for blood group A or blood group B erythrocytes; all of the anti-A monoclonals gave essentially equivalent titers in hemagglutination tests with A1 and A2 erythrocytes except for a monoclonal anti-A prepared by immunization with a human gastric cancer cell line. The data provide additional evidence for the heterogeneity of the antibody response to the different antigenic determinants present on blood A and B substances and emphasize the importance of difucosyl determinants which comprise most of the determinants on the water-soluble blood group substances.
John Hanson of Mulberry Grove (1939)

Journal Article John Hanson of Mulberry Grove. By J. Bruce Kremer and John Hanson and the Inseparable Union: An Authentic Biography of a Revolutionary Leader, Patriot and Statesman. By Jacob A. Nelson Get access Beverley W. Bond, Jr. Beverley W. Bond, Jr. University of Cincinnati Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 26, Issue 2, September 1939, Pages 252–253, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897761 Published: 01 September 1939
Inducible Expression of B7-H1 (PD-L1) and Its Selective Role in Tumor Site Immune Modulation (2014)

Immune evasion is an important hallmark of cancer, and a better understanding of this mechanism is essential for the development of effective strategies against cancer. The B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway has been demonstrated as a major mechanism of immune evasion in tumor site, and its blockade therapy shows very encouraging results in clinical trials. Inducible B7-H1 expression in tumor microenvironment is complex, with multidimensional interactions and expression by different subsets of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Understanding these interactions and how tumors take advantage of this pathway can help us design future strategies for better therapeutic efficacy and to overcome resistances.
Viscous flow through pipes of various cross-sections (2007)

An interesting variety of pipe cross-sectional shapes can be generated, for which the Navier–Stokes equations can be solved exactly. The simplest cases include the known solutions for elliptical and equilateral triangle cross-sections. Students can find pipe cross-sections from solutions of Laplace's equation in two dimensions, and then plot the velocity distribution in the pipe. The total flow for a given pressure gradient and pipe area can be readily compared for different pipe shapes.
Safety of diagnostic ultrasound (2010)

The words ‘risk’ and ‘hazard’ are emotive terms when used commonly. They are sometimes used to imply that an action should be avoided so as to ensure that there are no risks involved. Strictly, hazard describes the nature of the threat (e.g. burning, electrocution) while the associated risk takes into account the potential consequences of the hazard (e.g. death, scarring) and the probability of occurrence. Ultrasound scanning is potentially hazardous, but the real questions are: ‘Is there any risk for the patient? And if so, what is the correct way to manage this risk?’ The purpose of this chapter is to explain the scientific basis informing the responses to these safety questions, and to describe the ways by which the enviable safety record of diagnostic ultrasound may be maintained.
Estimating the amount of hydrate and free gas from surface seismic (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Estimating the amount of hydrate and free gas from surface seismicAuthors: Christine EckerJack DvorkinAmos NurChristine EckerStanford University, Jack DvorkinStanford University, and Amos NurStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820496 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820496FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byNon-Fickian diffusion affects the relation between the salinity and hydrate capacity profiles in marine sedimentsComptes Rendus Mécanique, Vol. 341, No. 4-5Seismic evidence for gas hydrates in the North Makassar Basin, Indonesia6 June 2022 | Petroleum Geoscience, Vol. 10, No. 3 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Christine Ecker, Jack Dvorkin, and Amos Nur, (1998), "Estimating the amount of hydrate and free gas from surface seismic," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 566-569. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820496 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Stabilization of dry liposomes by carbohydrates. (1992)

Many organisms have adopted biochemical strategies that enable them to survive dehydration, a condition known as "anhydrobiosis". In addition to resistance to the deleterious effects of drying, anhydrobiotes are also resistant to a number of other adverse environmental conditions. Studies on the biochemistry of anhydrobiotes show a strong correlation between their ability to survive drying and the production of specific sugars, of which the most widely studied is trehalose. Studies of model systems show that direct interactions of trehalose with dry biological membranes, liposomes, and isolated proteins avoid the damaging events caused by drying. Cellular components are maintained in a physical state when dry that mimics the hydrated state. Although the presence of only two disaccharides, trehalose and sucrose, has been correlated with survival of drying under natural conditions, other molecules that achieve the same results may be effective.
NikR Mediates Nickel-Responsive Transcriptional Induction of Urease Expression in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2002)

The important human pathogen Helicobacter pylori requires the abundant expression and activity of its urease enzyme for colonization of the gastric mucosa. The transcription, expression, and activity of H. pylori urease were previously demonstrated to be induced by nickel supplementation of growth media. Here it is demonstrated that the HP1338 protein, an ortholog of the Escherichia coli nickel regulatory protein NikR, mediates nickel-responsive induction of urease expression in H. pylori. Mutation of the HP1338 gene (nikR) of H. pylori strain 26695 resulted in significant growth inhibition of the nikR mutant in the presence of supplementation with NiCl(2) at > or =100 microM, whereas the wild-type strain tolerated more than 10-fold-higher levels of NiCl(2). Mutation of nikR did not affect urease subunit expression or urease enzyme activity in unsupplemented growth media. However, the nickel-induced increase in urease subunit expression and urease enzyme activity observed in wild-type H. pylori was absent in the H. pylori nikR mutant. A similar lack of nickel responsiveness was observed upon removal of a 19-bp palindromic sequence in the ureA promoter, as demonstrated by using a genomic ureA::lacZ reporter gene fusion. In conclusion, the H. pylori NikR protein and a 19-bp operator sequence in the ureA promoter are both essential for nickel-responsive induction of urease expression in H. pylori.