gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation and analysis of an innovative digital charge amplifier for hysteresis reduction in piezoelectric stack actuators (2014)

Smart actuators are the key components in a variety of nanopositioning applications, such as scanning probe microscopes and atomic force microscopes. Piezoelectric actuators are the most common smart actuators due to their high resolution, low power consumption, and wide operating frequency but they suffer hysteresis which affects linearity. In this paper, an innovative digital charge amplifier is presented to reduce hysteresis in piezoelectric stack actuators. Compared to traditional analog charge drives, experimental results show that the piezoelectric stack actuator driven by the digital charge amplifier has less hysteresis. It is also shown that the voltage drop of the digital charge amplifier is significantly less than the voltage drop of conventional analog charge amplifiers.
Learning a Joint Manifold Representation from Multiple Data Sets (2010)

The problem we address in the paper is how to learn a joint representation from data lying on multiple manifolds. We are given multiple data sets and there is an underlying common manifold among the different data set. We propose a framework to learn an embedding of all the points on all the manifolds in a way that preserves the local structure on each manifold and, in the same time, collapses all the different manifolds into one manifold in the embedding space, while preserving the implicit correspondences between the points across different data sets. The proposed solution works as extensions to current state of the art spectral-embedding approaches to handle multiple manifolds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,4‐Cycloheptadienes and Bicyclo(3.2.1)octa‐2, 6‐dienes by Rhodium(II) N‐(p‐(tert‐Butyl)phenylsulfonyl)prolinate Catalyzed Reactions Between Vinyldiazomethanes and Dienes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: eighth official report--1991. (1991)

Less than 25 years since the first human-human heart transplantation, the worldwide experience exceeds 16,000 heart and 1600 lung transplantations from more than 200 centers. Excellent results in heart transplantation have been achieved in a wide variety of patients. During the past few years, lung transplantation has come of age. The specific indications for each technique continue to evolve. Although much progress has been made, it is hoped that future developments in immunosuppression will solve the problems of chronic rejection and decrease the risk of infections. On behalf of the Society, we would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each of the participants throughout the world who took the time and care to submit their data to the Registry. Through this compilation of the world's experience, the state of the art in thoracic transplantation may be shared with the transplant community. The extensive Registry data base will permit risk assessment of thoracic transplant recipients while avoiding the problems associated with small sample sizes. Each participant's continued diligence in providing follow-up reports on all recipients is essential for an accurate evaluation of the long-term prognosis of heart and lung transplantation.
Liquid Crystallinity and Other Properties in Complexes of Cationic Azo-Containing Surfactomesogens with Poly(styrenesulfonate) (2009)

A series of stoichiometric ionically bonded side-chain polymer complexes, constructed from poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and quaternary ammonium-functionalized azo-containing surfactomesogens (SMs) with hexyl and decyl spacers, were prepared under rigorous conditions and thoroughly dried, and their potential thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) properties were investigated. The SM series consists of eight differently substituted azobenzene cores with a range of polarities. In their Br-neutralized form, they are generally crystalline to high temperatures (those with an ethylamine linking group having very slow recrystallization kinetics). Only some of the complexes showed LC properties in unannealed form, while several others required exceedingly long annealing times at appropriate temperatures to reveal LC character, attributed to the semirigid PS backbone, relatively high molecular weight, and strong ionic interactions that greatly retard the kinetics of chain reorganization toward equilibrium. Among the decyl-spacer complexes, only the two with an ethylamine linking group appear intrinsically isotropic, whereas, among the hexyl-spacer complexes, just two revealed LC character. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the LC structure is generally of an effectively single-layer SmA type, but while the complexes based on SMs with nonpolar tails produce a classical SmA XRD pattern, those with polar tails produce one with a quasi-extinct or reduced intensity first-order diffraction peak. The former also have lamellar thicknesses that are ca. 5 Å less than the latter, in agreement with literature data for all-covalent polystyrene-based analogues and explained by greater mesogen interdigitation for those with nonpolar tails that thus lie in the alkyl spacer subplane. A model proposed to rationalize the apparent extinction of the first-order XRD peak relies on dipole−dipole interactions between the polar mesogens and the ion pairs that allow them to share the same subplane, thus halving the effective lamellar thickness. A study of photoinduced birefringence (PIB) in selected complexes, compared with a spacer-free complex, shows that the flexible spacer plays a significant role in reducing PIB stability.
Unenhanced Flow-Independent MR Venography by Using Signal Targeting Alternative Radiofrequency and Flow-Independent Relaxation Enhancement (2008)

The purpose of this study was to provide the initial description of the signal targeting using alternative radiofrequency and flow-independent relaxation enhancement (STARFIRE) technique and demonstrate clinical feasibility by imaging the deep and superficial veins of the lower extremities in a small cohort of healthy subjects and patients with peripheral venous disease. STARFIRE is a flow-independent technique for unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. An adiabatic inversion pulse is applied to all spins on alternative acquisitions followed by complex subtraction. Blood vessels appear bright with uniform suppression of fat and muscle signals. Following approval by the hospital institutional review board and with written, informed consent, six healthy patients and four with peripheral venous disease were studied. The results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of STARFIRE to depict the deep and superficial venous systems of the lower extremities, and suggest the need for addition clinical evaluation.
Analysis of Cell-Free Human α1 Integrin with a Monoclonal Antibody to the I-Domain: Detection in Ocular Fluid and Function as an Adhesion Substrate (2001)

The alpha1 beta1 integrin, an inserted (1) domain containing collagen receptor, is expressed in the cell surface membrane of normal and malignant cells, and may play a role in their migration through tissues or in metastatic spread. Here we report that a functional anti-human alpha1beta1 integrin monoclonal antibody (mAb) (1B3.1) directly and specifically binds plastic bound recombinant human alpha1 I-domain protein containing the collagen binding site. Detection was diminished by acidification of the I-domain protein but was enhanced by increasing concentrations of Mg2+ cation. Furthermore, we detected binding of the mAb to proteins from the ocular fluids of 6 patients, with the highest concentration, corresponding to 22.1 ng/ml of I-domain, found in a sample from the eye of a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, we found that both SKNSH neuroblastoma cells and virally transformed human T cells adhered specifically to plastic wells coated with either immobilized collagen IV or alpha1 I-domain. MAb I B3.1 inhibited adhesion to collagen IV but not to immobilized I-domain. These results suggest a novel function for cell free alpha1 I-domain as a substrate for cellular adhesion, which may have relevance in tumor spread in vivo.
A graphical analysis of the Schmitt trigger circuit (1982)

A graphical method for analyzing nonlinear circuits is developed. The method is applied to a common positive feedback example, and leads to a graph of the `voltage gain' of a Schmitt trigger circuit. The closed-form expressions for trip points and hysteresis are found and experimentally verified.
Water as the Next Commodity (2007)

Water is increasingly recognized as a commodity in its own right, as evidenced by the launching in 2006 of the first water index, World Water Index or WOWAX. For a number of factors ranging from the growth of the world population to global warming and potential extinction of lakes and seas, water is increasingly receiving the attention it deserves. Expensive techniques of adduction or desalination are put into place in those regions in the world where it is scarce and in great demand. Both in developed and developing countries, large capital investments are required to establish and maintain water systems that will altogether benefit populations and investors. The goal of this article is to illustrate the ways in which one can currently invest in water and to discuss the ineluctable emergence of water markets and water rights <b>TOPICS:</b>Commodities, mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, global, legal/regulatory/public policy
An Overview of Hierarchical Topic Modeling (2016)

Topic correlations are common in real-world textual information. However, classic topic modeling isn't able to model the correlations among topics because of a single distribution over topics in each document. Therefore, hierarchical topic modeling is designed to relax this restriction. In this paper, hierarchical topic modeling is summarized by analysis of existing studies, especially, two important representatives of hierarchical topic models and their extension are focused on. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to review the development of hierarchical topic modeling.
Energy‐Level Alignment at Organic/Metal and Organic/Organic Interfaces (2009)

Abstract In this Review, we summarize recent work on modeling of organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces. Some of the models discussed have a semiempirical approach, that is, experimentally derived values are used in combination with theory, and others rely completely of calculations. The models are categorized according to the types of interfaces they apply to, and the strength of the interaction at the interface has been used as the main factor. We explain the basics of the models, their use, and give examples on how the models correlate with experimental results. We stress that given the complexity of organic/metal and organic/organic interface formation, it is crucial to know the exact way in which the interface was formed before choosing the model that is applicable, as none of the models presented covers the whole range of interface interaction strengths (weak physisorption to strong chemisorption).
A Hybrid Approach for Solving Optimization Problems on Small Quantum Computers (2019)

Solving larger-sized problems is an important area of research in quantum computing. Designing hybrid quantumclassical algorithms is a promising approach to solving this. We discuss decomposition-based hybrid approaches for solving optimization problems and demonstrate them for applications related to community detection.
Communist Legislatures and Communist Politics (1982)

As long as communist parties have ruled nation-states, little attention has been devoted to their legislatures. A lack of emphasis upon legislative bodies in the study of communist politics has, at least until recently, been understandable; there have been, and still are, strong indications that legislatures in most communist states do not 'legislate' in the ordinary sense of the word. Where they come closest to doing so, in Yugoslavia and Poland, their activities appear to have an impact only at the periphery of 'rule-making'.
The Development and Maintenance of Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathic Pain Require Activation of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 1 (2014)

The ceramide-sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) rheostat is important in regulating cell fate. Several chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel (Taxol), involve pro-apoptotic ceramide in their anticancer effects. The ceramide-to-S1P pathway is also implicated in the development of pain, raising the intriguing possibility that these sphingolipids may contribute to chemotherapy- induced painful peripheral neuropathy, which can be a critical dose-limiting side effect of many widely used chemotherapeutic agents.We demonstrate that the development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain was associated with ceramide and S1P formation in the spinal dorsal horn that corresponded with the engagement of S1P receptor subtype 1 (S1PR(1))- dependent neuroinflammatory processes as follows: activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors (NFκB) and MAPKs (ERK and p38) as well as enhanced formation of pro-inflammatory and neuroexcitatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Intrathecal delivery of the S1PR1 antagonist W146 reduced these neuroinflammatory processes but increased IL-10 and IL-4, potent anti-inflammatory/ neuroprotective cytokines. Additionally, spinal W146 reversed established neuropathic pain. Noteworthy, systemic administration of the S1PR1 modulator FTY720 (Food and Drug Administration- approved for multiple sclerosis) attenuated the activation of these neuroinflammatory processes and abrogated neuropathic pain without altering anticancer properties of paclitaxel and with beneficial effects extended to oxaliplatin. Similar effects were observed with other structurally and chemically unrelated S1PR1 modulators (ponesimod and CYM-5442) and S1PR1 antagonists (NIBR-14/15) but not S1PR1 agonists (SEW2871). Our findings identify for the first time the S1P/S1PR1 axis as a promising molecular and therapeutic target in chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy, establish a mechanistic insight into the biomolecular signaling pathways, and provide the rationale for the clinical evaluation of FTY720 in chronic pain patients.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinoma (2011)

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods Six patients with parathyroid carcinoma who were treated in our hospital from 1997 to 2010 were analysed retrospectively. Results Patients showed hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone(PTH). All patients presented with temporary hypocalcemia after surgery. Parathyroidectomy and ipsilateral near-total thyroidectomy was performed in all patients. Frozen section established diagnosis in 5 patients. Routine histopathology combined with immuohistochemistry established the diagnosis in one patient. Conclusions Blood calcium,blood PTH,ultrasonography,CT and 99 Tcm-MIBI are helpful to diagnosis. The operative removal of parathyroid carcinoma with thyroid at the same side is a better radical treatment.

Key words: 
Parathyroid carcinoma; Diagnosis; Surgical treatment
Machine Learning for Social Multiparty Human--Robot Interaction (2014)

We describe a variety of machine-learning techniques that are being applied to social multiuser human--robot interaction using a robot bartender in our scenario. We first present a data-driven approach to social state recognition based on supervised learning . We then describe an approach to social skills execution—that is, action selection for generating socially appropriate robot behavior—which is based on reinforcement learning , using a data-driven simulation of multiple users to train execution policies for social skills. Next, we describe how these components for social state recognition and skills execution have been integrated into an end-to-end robot bartender system, and we discuss the results of a user evaluation. Finally, we present an alternative unsupervised learning framework that combines social state recognition and social skills execution based on hierarchical Dirichlet processes and an infinite POMDP interaction manager. The models make use of data from both human--human interactions collected in a number of German bars and human--robot interactions recorded in the evaluation of an initial version of the system.
Growth Hormone Therapy (2002)

The safe clinical practice of growth hormone(GH) replacement requires judgement of the overall GH status, however, there is no biological marker for this in adults. In addition, diverse actions of GH in healthy individuals render the assessment of optimal GH replacement difficult. As in other fields of clinical practice, strategies and protocols vary between centers, however, most physicians experienced in pituitary diseases agree that GH replacement should begin at low doses, and increased to the final maintenance dose. The adequacy replacement is best determined by combination of clinical response and serum IGF-I, level avoiding supraphysiological levels of this GH-dependent peptide. Actually, GH can reduce body fat and restore muscles, bones, and quality of life. Appropriate using of GH will elicit antiaging effects.
Tobacco <i>O</i>-Methyltransferases Involved in Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. The Different Caffeoyl-Coenzyme A/5-Hydroxyferuloyl-Coenzyme A 3/5-<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase and Caffeic Acid/5-Hydroxyferulic Acid 3/5-<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Classes Have Distinct Substrate Specificities and Expression Patterns (1999)

The biosynthesis of lignin monomers involves two methylation steps catalyzed by orthodiphenol-O-methyltransferases: caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferases (COMTs) and caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA 3/5-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs). Two COMT classes (I and II) were already known to occur in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and three distinct CCoAOMT classes have now been characterized. These three CCoAOMT classes displayed a maximum level of expression at different stages of stem development, in accordance with their involvement in the synthesis of lignin guaiacyl units. Expression profiles upon tobacco mosaic virus infection of tobacco leaves revealed a biphasic pattern of induction for COMT I, COMT II, and CCoAOMTs. The different isoforms were expressed in Escherichia coli and our results showed that CCoAOMTs and, more surprisingly, COMTs efficiently methylated hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters. COMT I was also active toward 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, indicating that COMT I that catalyzes syringyl unit synthesis in planta may operate at the free acid, CoA ester, or alcohol levels. COMT II that is highly inducible by infection also accepted caffeoyl-CoA as a substrate, thus suggesting a role in ferulate derivative deposition in the walls of infected cells. Tobacco appears to possess an array of O-methyltransferase isoforms with variable efficiency toward the diverse plant o-diphenolic substrates.
Staging laparoscopy using ALA‐mediated photodynamic diagnosis improves the detection of peritoneal metastases in advanced gastric cancer (2012)

This study demonstrated that SL with ALA-PDD improved the detection sensitivity for peritoneal metastases. ALA-PDD may be an important technique for the preoperative staging of advanced gastric cancer, and ALA-PDD will provide useful information for the selection of therapeutic modality.
THE ELASTIC BUCKLING STRENGTH OF SPHERICAL GLASS SHELLS (1963)

Abstract : The potential of spherical glass shells for deep submergence applications was explored by determining the hydrostatic collapse strength of 20 hemispheres of annealed Pyrex glass. The experimental collapse pressures, which ranged between 6700 and 43,250 psi, were adequately calculated using an empirical design equation for the elastic buckling strength of initially imperfect spheres. Maximum stress levels of about 300,000 psi were obtained in these tests. These results do not demonstrated the maximum compressive strength of Pyrex glass since each failure initiated in the elastic buckle range. The tests verify earlier calculations which indicated that spheres of Pyrex glass or of other ''bridgmanite'' materials have an outstanding strength-to-weight advantage over any other type hull using known materials. However, the long- term mechanical properties of glass in a marine environment must be evaluated before its potential for deep-submergence applications may be properly assessed.
Topical corticosteroid therapy for acute radiation dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study (2002)

We provide evidence that prophylactic and ongoing use of topical therapy with either topical corticosteroid or a dexpanthenol-containing emollient ameliorates, but does not prevent radiation dermatitis. Our data suggest, but do not prove, a benefit of a topical corticosteroid vs. a dexpanthenol-containing emollient. Further controlled studies with larger cohorts will be needed to determine optimal forms of topical therapy for radiation dermatitis.
Effects of corrosion on the electrical properties of conducted finishes for EMI shielding (2003)

A variety of combinations of fingerstock materials both before and after exposure to an accelerated atmospheric corrosion environment was tested. The following materials/finishes were tested during this study: 304 stainless steel, passivated, MIL STD QQ-P-35B; 1010 steel, electroplated bright tin, 0.0003 in. nominal coating thickness, ASTM B545; 1010 steel, electroplated nickel 0.0005 in. nominal coating thickness, ASTMB689; 1010 steel, electroless nickel, 0.0005 in. coating thickness; 1010 steel, zinc-plated, 0.0005 in. plating thickness with yellow chromate conversion coating; 1010 steel, zinc-plated, 0.0002 in. minimum zinc thickness, with blue-bright chromate conversion coating; electrogalvanized steel, 0.0007 in. zinc thickness, with yellow chromate conversion coating; steel with hot-dipped aluminum-zinc (55:45) coating, 0.0008 in. coating thickness; 5052 aluminum, with yellow chromate conversion coating; and 5052 aluminum, with clear chromate conversion coating, ASTM B449, class 3. Metal panels were mated with beryllium copper fingerstock to make the joints typical of computer enclosure doors and panels. The finishes on the beryllium copper were: electroplated bright tin; electroplated bright nickel; electroplated tin-lead (60:40); and bright dip (a thin chromated conversion coating). The transfer impedance of the joint was used to measure the electrical performance and then the corrosion resistance of the conductive finishes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>