gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of pore fluids on the elastic properties of sandstone (1960)

Abstract Bulk compressibility, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 3 sandstones. Measurements were made on both dry and water saturated samples. Several runs were made on each sandstone to establish the statistical validity of the differences observed between the wet and dry samples. Bulk compressibility of wet sandstone was 10 to 30% greater than for dry. Young's modulus was 8 to 20% less for wet sandstone, and Poisson's ratio was 100% greater on one type of sandstone when wet and only slightly greater or about the same on wet samples of the others. A high clay content is believed to lead to a large effect of water on the elastic moduli of sandstone.
Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection After Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Single-Laboratory Validation (2007)

A method to quantify chondroitin sulfate in raw materials and dietary supplements at a range of about 5 to 100% (w/w) chondroitin sulfate has been developed and validated. The chondroitin sulfate is first selectively hydrolyzed by chondroitinase ACII enzyme to form un-, mono-, di-, and trisulfated unsaturated disaccharides; the resulting disaccharides are then quantified by ion-pairing liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The amounts of the individual disaccharides are summed to yield the total amount of chondroitin sulfate in the material. Single-laboratory validation has been performed to determine the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness, and linearity of the method. Repeatability precision for total chondroitin sulfate content was between 1.60 and 4.72% relative standard deviation, with HorRat values between 0.79 and 2.25. Chondroitin sulfate recovery from raw material negative control was between 101 and 102%, and recovery from finished product negative control was between 105 and 106%.
<title>Normalization and error estimation for biomedical expression patterns</title> (2001)

We describe methods for the analysis expression patterns based on a vector representation for intensities. Normalization for multiple experiments is iterative and is obtained by identifying a vector that optimally correlates expression patterns. Error estimates for intensities are obtained by analyzing deviations in expression relative to the correlation vector. A normalization method for applying corrections from spiked, two-color fluorescence measurements is also described.
Accumulative-based delay statistics for data synchronization algorithm wireless sensor network (2005)

As a premise of correct data fusion in the sensor network, data synchronization means that all the data reported by the sensors must be based on a same time benchmark, the data collected time and its order must be consistent with the real case. Because of the drift of the oscillator and the different initial start-up time, all the local clocks in the network are not synchronized, the data based on the local clock timestamp cannot by synchronized. A data synchronization algorithm was proposed based on accumulated delay static. A delay field was added in the packet header to record the total undergoing delay since the data were collected by the source node. The internal node would update the field based on the delay. When the sink received the packet, it could induce the collected time of the data with the total delay field and its clock. And all the data could be synchronized at the sink. It is proved that this algorithm can achieve ms level precision and is suited for the medial and low precision level application. Its communication overhead is almost zero compared with the general data synchronization algorithms.
Alleviation of Salt Stress in Cucumis Sativus L. Through Seed Priming with Calcium Chloride (2011)

IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) IJAR is a double reviewed monthly print journal that accepts research works from scholars, academicians, professors, doctorates, lecturers, and corporate in their respective expertise of studies.
Low Power Operation of Temperature-Modulated Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors (2018)

Mobile applications based on gas sensing present new opportunities for low-cost air quality monitoring, safety, and healthcare. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors represent the most prominent technology for integration into portable devices, such as smartphones and wearables. Traditionally, MOX sensors have been continuously powered to increase the stability of the sensing layer. However, continuous power is not feasible in many battery-operated applications due to power consumption limitations or the intended intermittent device operation. This work benchmarks two low-power, duty-cycling, and on-demand modes against the continuous power one. The duty-cycling mode periodically turns the sensors on and off and represents a trade-off between power consumption and stability. On-demand operation achieves the lowest power consumption by powering the sensors only while taking a measurement. Twelve thermally modulated SB-500-12 (FIS Inc. Jacksonville, FL, USA) sensors were exposed to low concentrations of carbon monoxide (0-9 ppm) with environmental conditions, such as ambient humidity (15-75% relative humidity) and temperature (21-27 °C), varying within the indicated ranges. Partial Least Squares (PLS) models were built using calibration data, and the prediction error in external validation samples was evaluated during the two weeks following calibration. We found that on-demand operation produced a deformation of the sensor conductance patterns, which led to an increase in the prediction error by almost a factor of 5 as compared to continuous operation (2.2 versus 0.45 ppm). Applying a 10% duty-cycling operation of 10-min periods reduced this prediction error to a factor of 2 (0.9 versus 0.45 ppm). The proposed duty-cycling powering scheme saved up to 90% energy as compared to the continuous operating mode. This low-power mode may be advantageous for applications that do not require continuous and periodic measurements, and which can tolerate slightly higher prediction errors.
Executive Control Function (2002)

This report reviews the state of the literature and opportunities for research related to "executive control function" (ECF). ECF has recently been separated from the specific cognitive domains (memory, language, and praxis) traditionally used to assess patients. ECF impairment has been associated with lesions to the frontal cortex and its basal ganglia-thalamic connections. No single putative ECF measure can yet serve as a "gold standard." This and other obstacles to assessment of ECF are reviewed. ECF impairment and related frontal system lesions and metabolic disturbances have been detected in many psychiatric and medical disorders and are strongly associated with functional outcomes, disability, and specific problem behaviors. The prevalence and severity of ECF deficits in many disorders remain to be determined, and treatment has been attempted in only a few disorders. Much more research in these areas is necessary.
XFEM FRAMEWORK FOR CUTTING SOFT TISSUE - Including Topological Changes in a Surgery Simulation (2010)

Currently, there are many approaches in computer graphics (CG) that deal with topological changes; some of these are non-interactive animations, unstable or not precise enough to medical applications. It has been found that the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is stable, accurate, with excellent performance and suitable for virtual surgery in real time; nevertheless, to maintain the provided advantages, the selection and creation of a set of CG methods is required that fulfill the requirements of the XFEM. We propose an embedded mapping method that enables the relation of the XFEM elements, with the visual and collision meshes, making the user interaction more dynamic. Furthermore, based on this new mapping method an interactive cutting algorithm is suggested considering a geometric analysis. The XFEM, as a core of our framework, efficiently simulates the topological changes consequently, making the interaction in real time possible, which will allow the creation of more complex simulations of higher impact in the medical area.
The pyramid teaching computer structures by computer structures (1975)

The content of the laboratory portion of a course on computer structures is given in syllabus form. Each succeeding level of the syllabus builds upon the preceding level to achieve increased understanding and depth of thought. The syllabus provides annotated examples of structures and projects for each level.
H2-Blocker Therapy and Necrotizing Enterocolitis for Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants (2006)

We thank Drs Lin, Su, and Chen for their interest in our article1 on H2-blocker therapy and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight infants. We agree that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that H2 blockers should never be considered for use in this population. It is clear that additional work is needed to identify and then validate the mechanism behind the possible link between H2-blocker exposure and NEC.

We are intrigued with the possible link between H2-blocker use, infection risk, and probiotics' …
Relative Contribution of Skin and Core Temperatures to Vasoconstriction and Shivering Thresholds during Isoflurane Anesthesia  (1999)

The results in anesthetized volunteers were virtually identical to those reported previously in unanesthetized subjects. In both cases, the cutaneous contribution to control of vasoconstriction and shivering was linear and near 20%. These data indicate that a proportionality constant of approximately 20% can be used to compensate for experimentally induced skin-temperature manipulations in anesthetized as well as unanesthetized subjects.
Access-Pattern-Aware On-Chip Memory Allocation for SIMD Processors (2008)

The number of cycles for each external memory access in Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processors is heavily affected by the access pattern, such as aligned, unaligned, or stride. We developed a high-performance dynamic on-chip memory-allocation method for SIMD processors by considering the memory access pattern as well as the access frequency. The access pattern and the access count for an array of a loop are determined by both code analysis and profiling, which are performed on a developed compiler framework. This framework not only conducts dynamic on-chip memory allocation but also generates optimized codes for a target processor. The proposed allocation method has been tested with several multimedia benchmarks including motion estimation, 2-D discrete cosine transform, and MPEG2 encoder programs.
HER2 Phosphorylation Is Maintained by a PKB Negative Feedback Loop in Response to Anti-HER2 Herceptin in Breast Cancer (2010)

Herceptin (trastuzumab) is used in patients with breast cancer who have HER2 (ErbB2)-positive tumours. However, its mechanisms of action and how acquired resistance to Herceptin occurs are still poorly understood. It was previously thought that the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin inhibits HER2 signalling, but recent studies have shown that Herceptin does not decrease HER2 phosphorylation. Its failure to abolish HER2 phosphorylation may be a key to why acquired resistance inevitably occurs for all responders if Herceptin is given as monotherapy. To date, no studies have explained why Herceptin does not abolish HER2 phosphorylation. The objective of this study was to investigate why Herceptin did not decrease HER2 phosphorylation despite being an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. We also investigated the effects of acute and chronic Herceptin treatment on HER3 and PKB phosphorylation in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Using both Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) methodology and conventional Western blot, we have found the molecular mechanisms whereby Herceptin fails to abolish HER2 phosphorylation. HER2 phosphorylation is maintained by ligand-mediated activation of EGFR, HER3, and HER4 receptors, resulting in their dimerisation with HER2. The release of HER ligands was mediated by ADAM17 through a PKB negative feedback loop. The feedback loop was activated because of the inhibition of PKB by Herceptin treatment since up-regulation of HER ligands and ADAM17 also occurred when PKB phosphorylation was inhibited by a PKB inhibitor (Akt inhibitor VIII, Akti-1/2). The combination of Herceptin with ADAM17 inhibitors or the panHER inhibitor JNJ-26483327 was able to abrogate the feedback loop and decrease HER2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the combination of Herceptin with JNJ-26483327 was synergistic in tumour inhibition in a BT474 xenograft model. We have determined that a PKB negative feedback loop links ADAM17 and HER ligands in maintaining HER2 phosphorylation during Herceptin treatment. The activation of other HER receptors via ADAM17 may mediate acquired resistance to Herceptin in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. This finding offers treatment opportunities for overcoming resistance in these patients. We propose that Herceptin should be combined with a panHER inhibitor or an ADAM inhibitor to overcome the acquired drug resistance for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Our results may also have implications for resistance to other therapies targeting HER receptors.
The gene encoded antimicrobial peptides, a template for the design of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs (2010)

Nisin A is the most widely characterized lantibiotic investigated to date. It represents one of the many antimicrobial peptides which have been the focus of much interest as potential therapeutic agents. This has resulted in the search for novel lantibiotics and more commonly, the engineering of novel variants from existing peptides with a view to increasing their activity, stability and solubility.The aim of this study was to compare the activities of nisin A and novel bioengineered hinge derivatives, nisin S, nisin T and nisin V. The microtitre alamar blue assay (MABA) was employed to identify the enhanced activity of these novel variants against M. tuberculosis (H37Ra), M. kansasii (CIT11/06), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (CIT05/03) and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) (ATCC 19698). All variants displayed greater anti-mycobacterial activity than nisin A. Nisin S was the most potent variant against M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii and M. avium subsp. hominissuis, retarding growth by a maximum of 29% when compared with nisin A. Sub-species variations of inhibition were also observed with nisin S reducing growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis by 28% and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by 19% and nisin T contrastingly reducing growth of MAP by 27% and MAC by 16%.Nisin S, nisin T and nisin V are potent novel anti-mycobacterial compounds, which have the capacity to be further modified, potentially generating compounds with additional beneficial characteristics. This is the first report to demonstrate an enhancement of efficacy by any bioengineered bacteriocin against mycobacteria.
The middle ground (1984)

The middle ground Contemporary politics thrives on confrontation: in the United States, Britain, and much of the West issues are polarised into black and white alternatives."Those who are not with me are against me" say our leaders, ignoring the possibility of conciliation and compromise.In public life these attitudes are damaging; in science they are disastrous.How welcome, therefore, is Sir Douglas Black's deceptively short book An Anthology of False Anti- theses.'Like Tiresias, he has foresuffered all: he has been professor of medicine at Manchester, chief scientist at the Department of Health, and president of the Royal College of Physicians of London, and is uniquely qualified to comment on the way medical issues are currently debated.Sir Douglas has collected a dozen or so examples of such arguments that are usually presented in either/or terms.Should medical research efforts be concentrated on applied rather than pure research?Is community care preferable to treatment in hospital?Should students be taught holistic rather than scientific medicine?Should resources be diverted from acute to chronic medicine?
Total Nutrient Admixtures: Theory and Practice (1995)

The use of total nutrient admixtures (TNA) has increased dramatically in both the clinical and home care setting since 1983. The popularity of these dosage forms rests in supplying all the nutrients in one container that meets the nutritional goals of the patient. In addition, TNA formulations obviate the need for either separate peripheral venous catheters or co-infusions into the primary venous line, thus simplifying this complex therapy. Moreover, the clinical benefits derived from this practice are related to a reduction in glucose-associated complications that assume particular importance in the acutely ill patient. Although much experience has been gained over the last 12 years, practice standards vary with the institution. Despite this, TNA therapy has been successful in the U.S. This paper attempts to delineate the important physicochemical variables that influence emulsion stability as they relate to clinical practice.
Asymmetric total synthesis of (–)-podophyllotoxin (1993)

E. J. Bush and D. W. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1200 DOI: 10.1039/C39930001200
The TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X Satellites (2007)

TerraSAR-X is a multi-role SAR Satellite with active phased array antenna technology which will be the backbone of the next German national radar Earth observation mission. With its large variety of different SAR imaging modes and its high operational flexibility, TerraSAR-X will ideally serve both the scientific community and users from the industrial sector. The innovative satellite system design is based on the rich experience from past German and European SAR space missions like X-SAR, SRTM, ERS 1&2 and Envisat combined with state-of-the-art Earth Observation Bus technology as used e.g. on the CHAMP and GRACE satellites. In a preparatory effort co-funded by the national agency DLR and its industrial partner EADS Astrium, the main new, performance critical SAR features of TerraSAR-X were thoroughly studied, and a sound market analysis was undertaken to define individual system requirements concerning image product characteristics and availability. The paper describes the TerraSAR-X system design and performance, with emphasis on the SAR instrument and SAR-relevant features of the satellite bus. SAR product performance relevant elements of the satellite system architecture are discussed in particular. Also the additional payloads flying on TerraSAR-X -the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging experiment (TOR) furnished by the GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and the Taser Communication Terminal (TCT) furnished by DTR with the industrial prime contractor Tesat - are briefly introduced. Moreover, a short description on the TanDEM-X mission is given to generate a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with an unprecedented accuracy.
Cellular concept and channel allocation (2004)

In the previous chapter we focused on propagation effects over the radio link between a base station and a mobile terminal. We noted there that most modern wireless systems are organized into geographic cells, each controlled by a base station. (Among the exceptions, as noted there, are small-area systems such as local-area wireless networks and personal-area networks, to be discussed in Chapter 12. Ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, not discussed in this book, are other examples of networks not necessarily involving the cellular concept.) We were thus implicitly discussing the propagation effects encountered in a single cell. In this chapter we introduce the cellular concept, showing how the use of cells can increase the capacity of a wireless system, allowing more users to communicate simultaneously.
Bioactive Fragment of Human IL‐1β [163‐171] Modulates the Immune Response to Synthetic Peptides of HIV (1997)

The activation of T helper cells specific for viral antigens is critical for antibody production and the generation of cytotoxic T cells during retroviral infection. In this study, we examined the effect of linking HIV peptides with a bioactive fragment of human interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (163-171) on the induction of immune response to the peptides. A panel of highly purified synthetic peptides representing defined regions of gp41, Gag and gp120 were used as antigens. Mouse spleen cells primed with the peptide conjugates produced greater proliferation on in vitro stimulation than spleen cells primed with peptide alone. In addition, antibody production as assessed by ELISA was observed after immunization with conjugated peptides but not with peptide alone, indicating B-cell activation. We also found that a high level of IgG2a antibody production correlated with a high level of IFN-gamma production. These findings favor the notion that IL-1beta plays an important role in immune responses. These observations support the formulation and design of synthetic vaccines against HIV using synthetic HIV peptides conjugated with immunomodulators. Such an approach may provide an effective vaccination against other infectious agents.
Theoretical Evidence of Dynamical Limitations in Practical Single-Stage PMD Compensators (2004)

Dynamical effects in polarization-mode dispersion compensators are investigated. A typical compensator can actually work in two different operating modes. Dynamic evolution of the input signal can require a continuous switch between these modes, producing significant performance degradation. We introduce a numerical procedure to simulate dynamical effects, which confirms the occurrence of critical configurations.
A language for writing code generators (1989)

Article Free Access Share on A language for writing code generators Author: C. W. Fraser AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims PLDI '89: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1989 conference on Programming language design and implementationJune 1989 Pages 238–245https://doi.org/10.1145/73141.74839Published:21 June 1989Publication History 26citation545DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads545Last 12 Months34Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF