gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TriggerScope: Towards Detecting Logic Bombs in Android Applications (2016)

Android is the most popular mobile platform today, and it is also the mobile operating system that is most heavily targeted by malware. Existing static analyses are effective in detecting the presence of most malicious code and unwanted information flows. However, certain types of malice are very difficult to capture explicitly by modeling permission sets, suspicious API calls, or unwanted information flows. One important type of such malice is malicious application logic, where a program (often subtly) modifies its outputs or performs actions that violate the expectations of the user. Malicious application logic is very hard to identify without a specification of the "normal," expected functionality of the application. We refer to malicious application logic that is executed, or triggered, only under certain (often narrow) circumstances as a logic bomb. This is a powerful mechanism that is commonly employed by targeted malware, often used as part of APTs and state-sponsored attacks: in fact, in this scenario, the malware is designed to target specific victims and to only activate under certain circumstances. In this paper, we make a first step towards detecting logic bombs. In particular, we propose trigger analysis, a new static analysis technique that seeks to automatically identify triggers in Android applications. Our analysis combines symbolic execution, path predicate reconstruction and minimization, and inter-procedural control-dependency analysis to enable the precise detection and characterization of triggers, and it overcomes several limitations of existing approaches. We implemented a prototype of our analysis, called TriggerScope, and we evaluated it over a large corpus of 9,582 benign apps from the Google Play Store and a set of trigger-based malware, including the recently-discovered HackingTeam's RCSAndroid advanced malware. Our system is capable of automatically identify several interesting time-, location-, and SMS-related triggers, is affected by a low false positive rate (0.38%), and it achieves 100% detection rate on the malware set. We also show how existing approaches, specifically when tasked to detect logic bombs, are affected by either a very high false positive rate or false negative rate. Finally, we discuss the logic bombs identified by our analysis, including two previously-unknown backdoors in benign apps.
Graphene network on indium tin oxide nanodot nodes for transparent and current spreading electrode in InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (2011)

We report a device that combines indium tin oxide (ITO) nanodot nodes with two-dimensional chemically converted graphene (CCG) films to yield a GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) with interesting characteristics for transparent and current spreading electrodes for the potential use in the ultraviolet region. The current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescence output power performance showed that CCG network on ITO nanodot nodes operated as a transparent and current spreading electrode in LED devices.
From discovery to licensure, the Adjuvant System story (2016)

Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to improve their immunogenicity. Used for more than 80 years, aluminum, the first adjuvant in human vaccines, proved insufficient to develop vaccines that could protect against new challenging pathogens such as HIV and malaria. New adjuvants and new combinations of adjuvants (Adjuvant Systems) have opened the door to the delivery of improved and new vaccines against re-emerging and difficult pathogens. Adjuvant Systems concept started through serendipity. The access to new developments in technology, microbiology and immunology have been instrumental for the dicephering of what they do and how they do it. This knowledge opens the door to more rational vaccine design with implications for developing new and better vaccines.
Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering: The Effects of pH, Temperature and Ionic Strength on Gelation (2010)

Collagen gels have been widely studied for applications in tissue engineering because of their biological implications. Considering their use as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering, the main limitation has always been related to their low mechanical properties. During the process of in vitro self-assembly, which leads to collagen gelation, the size of the fibrils, their chemical interactions, as well as the resulting microstructure are regulated by three main experimental conditions: pH, ionic strength and temperature. In this work, these three parameters were modulated in order to increase the mechanical properties of collagen gels. The effects on the gelation process were assessed by turbidimetric and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Turbidity measurements showed that gelation was affected by all three factors and scanning electron images confirmed that major changes occurred at the microstructural level. Mechanical tests showed that the compressive and tensile moduli increased by four- and three-fold, respectively, compared to the control. Finally, viability tests confirmed that these gels are suitable as scaffolds for cellular adhesion and proliferation.
Enantioselective Radical Reactions: Stereoselective Aldol Synthesis from Cyclic Ketones (2007)

Radicalized aldols: Enones with a fixed s-cis geometry can undergo enantioselective radical reactions. The synthesis of aldol products derived from cyclic ketones in excellent yields and enantioselectivity demonstrates that s-cis-enones are excellent substrates for radical reactions. A tentative model to explain the stereochemical outcome of the reaction consists of nucleophilic radical addition to the si face (see picture).
Fat in Lactation Rations : Review (1980)

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of added fat in diets to maintain milk production and fat percent. Much of the earlier work which indicated that fat affects digestion negatively may not be applicable because of great differences in the nature of diets and fats fed and especially in total feed intake. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about interactions of fat, fiber, calcium, and rumen microorganisms if feeding of fat is to be maximized. The uniquely high acidity in the duodenum combined with detergent action of bile acids, lysolecithin, and fatty acids causes saturated fatty acids to be more digestible in ruminants than in nonruminants. Large quantities of added dietary fat increase concentrations in plasma of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride which increases their uptake by the mammary gland with inhibition of short chain fatty acid synthesis and consequent changes in milk fatty acid composition. In some cases, secretion of milk fat is increased. Current research and practice demonstrate that 3 to 5% fat may be added to diets for lactation to increase energy intake of high-producing cows and/or to reduce starch feeding, thereby increasing the ratio of forage to concentrate to prevent depression of milk fat.
Point by point femtosecond laser inscription of fibre and waveguide Bragg gratings for photonic device fabrication (2006)

We present a flexible and rapid method for the production of Bragg gratings in a range of optical waveguides such as optical fibres and direct laser-written waveguides in bulk media. Using a low repetition rate (1 kHz) femtosecond laser, Bragg grating structures can be written in a point-by-point fashion (where each laser pulse inscribes one period of the Bragg structure) in both passive and active media be they fibre (FBG) or waveguide (WBG) based. Furthermore it is possible to control parameters such as the amplitude and chirp of the Bragg periods to create arbitrary reflection and transmission profiles. This technique can be coupled with existing fibre, rib waveguide and direct write waveguide technologies to create a range of photonic devices such as channel splitters, frequency combs, and signal amplifiers and conditioners for all-optical photonic signal processing. In initial tests 3 frequencies filter combs and Bragg grating reflectors with -53 dB insertion loss were written at arbitrary wavelengths in non-sensitised single mode fibre (SMF-28e) with process times between 30 and 90 seconds. These gratings are highly stable and withstand annealing to 600°C.
Study on the Selective Hydrogenation of Butadiene in C<sub>4</sub>-Hydrocarbon Fraction (Part 2) (1973)

Selective hydrogenation of butadiene in C4-hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of carbon monoxide in order to remove the butadiene and to prevent the isomerization of 1-butene has been studied. The following results were obtained.(1) The sensitivities of metal-alumina catalysts to carbon monoxide varied in order of Fe>Pt>Co>Pd>Ni. The selectivities of butadiene hydrogenation in the presence of carbon monoxide were almost quantitative over Pd, Co and Ni catalysts and somewhat low over Pt catalyst. The order of the magnitude of prevention effects for 1-butene isomerization by carbon monoxide was Pd>Ni>Pt∼Co. Consequently, Pd-alumina was found to be most favorable catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of butadiene without 1-butene isomerization in the presence of carbon monoxide.(2) Reaction conditions over Pd-alumina catalyst were investigated. Higher pressure and carbon monoxide concentration were effective for the prevention of 1-butene isomerization. Complete removal of butadiene was possible in the lower range of the pressure and carbon monoxide concentration than the prevention of 1-butene isomerization. Higher temperature was preferable to raise hydrogenation activity, whereas lower temperature was desired to prevent 1-butene isomerization. Optimum temperature was found to be nearly in 100°C, and about 90% of residual 1-butene and the complete removal of butadiene were achieved simultaneously at this temperature.(3) The action of carbon monoxide to the Pd catalyst in the hydrogenation was reversible. The hydrogenation selectivity and residual 1-butene in the product varied rapidly by addition or removal of carbon monoxide.
Introduction of the glutamate receptor subunit 1 into motor neurons in vitro and in vivo using a recombinant herpes simplex virus (1997)

We developed and characterized a recombinant herpes simplex virus vector and used it to introduce the complementary DNA encoding glutamate receptor subunit 1 flip into postmitotic motor neurons. Infection of purified motor neurons in vitro with this vector resulted in selective, high-level expression of glutamate receptor subunit 1 immunoreactivity in nearly 100% of the neurons. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that the protein product of the glutamate receptor subunit 1 flip transgene assembles into functional alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor channels. Herpes simplex virus-glutamate receptor subunit 1 flip was introduced into spinal cord cells by direct injection into the ventral horn and selectively into motor neurons by sciatic nerve injection. High levels of expression were sustained for at least one week and were accompanied by changes in the ionic permeability of AMPA receptors in transgene-expressing neurons. Throughout the first week of infection, there was little evidence for toxicity. Herpes simplex virus provides a versatile tool for manipulating the glutamate receptor phenotype of postmitotic neurons and will permit study of the role of individual glutamate receptor subunits in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology.
Measurements of the Size Distribution of Aerosols Produced by Ultrasonic Humidification (1990)

Aerosol number and mass distributions produced by an ultrasonic room humidifier and an ultrasonic medical nebulizer were examined in a limited-scale study. Rapid droplet drying occurred at room humidities and under near saturated conditions. A model was tested describing the diameter of dried particles as a function of the dissolved mineral content of the water and the transducer frequency. Water containing 102 mg/L of dissolved minerals in a humidifier with a 1.6 MHz transducer produced droplets with a mass median diameter of 2.9 μm. The number median diameter of particles after drying was computed to be 0.11 μm. The distribution of particles in a nebulizer tube using a NaCl solution was shown to consist of a mixture of dried salt particles and droplets which included coagulated multiplets.
Low-power repeater insertion with both delay and slew rate constraints (2006)

In this paper, a novel repeater insertion algorithm is presented to minimize the power dissipation of interconnect trees under given timing budgets and slew rate constraints. In contrast to traditional bottom-up dynamic programming approaches, the proposed algorithm combines a Lagrangian relaxation framework and a graph-based search method to derive possible solutions in a top-down fashion. As a result, it is capable of analyzing repeater slew rates efficiently. In addition, our scheme incorporates accurate circuit models and is therefore able to capture the precise delay and slew rate information, leading to high-quality interconnect designs.We have applied our scheme to interconnects of different topologies and various timing and slew rate constraints. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in comparison with previous low-power repeater insertion schemes. Under tight timing constraints, our scheme can always derive repeater insertion solutions that meet both delay and slew rate requirements, whereas other schemes often fail. Under loose timing constraints, our algorithm achieves up to a 23% average power dissipation reduction for different interconnects specifications with shorter runtimes.
Predicting the effectiveness of queries and retrieval systems (2010)

We consider users' attempts to express their information needs through queries, or search requests and try to predict whether those requests will be of high or low quality. The second type of methods under investigation are those which attempt to estimate the quality of search systems themselves. Given a number of search systems to consider, these methods estimate how well or how poorly the systems will perform in comparison to each other. First, pre-retrieval predictors are investigated, which predict a query's effectiveness before the retrieval step and are thus independent of the ranked list of results. Such predictors base their predictions solely on query terms, collection statistics and possibly external sources. Twenty-two prediction algorithms are categorized and their quality is assessed on three different TREC test collections. A number of newly applied methods for combining various predictors are examined to obtain a better prediction of a query's effectiveness. Building on the analysis of pre-retrieval predictors, post-retrieval approaches are then investigated, which estimate a query's effectiveness on the basis of the retrieved results. The thesis focuses in particular on the Clarity Score approach and provides an analysis of its sensitivity towards different variables such as the collection, the query set and the retrieval approach. Adaptations to Clarity Score are introduced which improve the estimation accuracy of the original algorithm. The utility of query effectiveness prediction methods is commonly evaluated by reporting correlation coefficients, such as Kendall's Tau. Largely unexplored though is the question of the relationship between the current evaluation methodology for query effectiveness prediction and the change in effectiveness of retrieval systems that employ a predictor. We investigate this question by examining how the observed quality of predictors (with respect to Kendall's Tau) affects the retrieval effectiveness in two adaptive system settings: selective query expansion and meta-search. The last part of the thesis is concerned with the task of estimating the ranking of retrieval systems according to their retrieval effectiveness without relying on costly relevance judgments. Five different system ranking estimation approaches are evaluated on a wide range of data sets which cover a variety of retrieval tasks and test collections. It is shown that under certain conditions, automatic methods yield a highly accurate ranking of systems. Available online at http://www.cs.utwente.nl/~hauffc/phd/thesis.pdf.
Accuracy and clinical implications of seven 25-hydroxyvitamin D methods compared with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry as a reference (2008)

Standardization of methods for the quantification of 25(OH)D on a human-based sample panel by means of LCMS/MS would help to reduce the inter-method variability with respect to accuracy existing in 25(OH)D measurement considerably. However, there will still remain differences in the accuracy of methods utilizing sample purification before final quantification or immunological reaction when compared with those methods without separate sample purification.
Esterification of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Using 2-Chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine as a Condensing Agent (1983)

Abstract The reaction of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine (CDNP) with carboxylic acids and alcohols was examined, and it was found that CDNP was a useful condensing agent. Various esters were prepared in good yields.
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Therapy for Anemic Cancer Patients on Combination Chemotherapy (1993)

We conclude that rHuEPO is safe and effective for reversing anemia related to advanced cancer or to chemotherapy for cancer.
1,2,3‐Triazine, III Synthese von <i>N</i>‐Aminopyrazolen und deren Oxidation zu 1,2,3‐Triazinen. Molekülstruktur des 1,2,3‐Triazins (1985)

Abstract Die Oxidation der N ‐Aminopyrazole 4a – i liefert die 1,2,3‐Triazine 5a – i . Es werden Spektren und Reaktionen – wie Oxidation, Reduktion und Cycloadditionen – einiger 1,2,3‐Triazine 5 beschrieben. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse für 5a wird angegeben.
Study on the Expended-Enterprise Information Portal Based on the Role Control Theory (2010)

Adopting the role-based access control solution, this paper focuses on the study of access level, the most important part of the enterprise information portal. In this paper, the original RBAC model was modified, methods such as domain and permission levels are applied to simplify and improve the access control, reducing the computation; client-side cache is adopted to improve the performance of the access control system. Finally, this paper uses the development of the portal modules to increase information portal functions, so that the needs of different users can be met.
Behavioral and pharmacological description of oxaliplatin-induced painful neuropathy in rat (2006)

We describe an animal model of nociceptive sensory neuropathy induced by repeat intravenous administration of oxaliplatin in which treated animals partly reproduce the characteristic pain symptoms in oxaliplatin-treated patients. We tested the ability of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg oxaliplatin doses injected twice-weekly for four-and-a-half consecutive weeks to induce a nociceptive peripheral neuropathy in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The behavioral assessment revealed cold allodynia (10 degrees C) and hyperalgesia (4 degrees C) symptoms associated with a mechanical allodynia. The rats maintained a good general clinical status without motor dysfunction. The 2mg/kg oxaliplatin dose and the tail-immersion test in cold water (10 degrees C) were selected to compare pharmacological sensitivity between single administered drugs as morphine, lidocaine, carbamazepine, gabapentin and repeated administration of drugs as clomipramine, venlafaxine, calcium and magnesium solutions. Magnesium solution (90 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (7.5 mg/kg) administration induced an antinociceptive effect whereas gabapentin (300 mg/kg), clomipramine (2.5 mg/kg) and lidocaine (3 and 6 mg/kg) only induced an antiallodynic effect.
Energy Alternatives in Malaysia: An Option for Self-Reliance (1991)

In this article, a quantitative compilation of data on both the conventional energy supplies and the energy alternatives is presented. The data are essential for national energy planning purposes with respect to production strategy, energy conservation, and exploitation of untapped energy alternatives.
BIST linear generator based on complemented outputs (2003)

Autonomous linear finite state machines with both complemented and uncomplemented register outputs (mixed-output ALFSMs) have been investigated for their use as deterministic and pseudo-random test vector generators in a BIST scheme. The authors describe a method for deriving the feedback connections of the mixed-output ALFSM given a deterministic sequence of n n-bit wide test vectors. They also show that the state graph structure is preserved thus enabling the generation of maximum-length sequences if the characteristic polynomial of the connectivity matrix is primitive. An example is given to illustrate the synthesis method of a mixed-output ALFSM based test vector generator. A better solution is obtained compared to conventional uncomplemented output ALFSM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
End-to-End Learning of Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network for Stereo Matching (2019)

Deep neural networks have shown excellent performance in stereo matching task. Recently CNN-based methods have shown that stereo matching can be formulated as a supervised learning task. However, less attention is paid on the fusion of contextual semantic information and details. To tackle this problem, we propose a network for disparity estimation based on abundant contextual details and semantic information, called Multi-scale Features Network (MSFNet). First, we design a new structure to encode rich semantic information and fine-grained details by fusing multi-scale features. And we combine the advantages of element-wise addition and concatenation, which is conducive to merge semantic information with details. Second, a guidance mechanism is introduced to guide the network to automatically focus more on the unreliable regions. Third, we formulate the consistency check as an error map, obtained by the low stage features with fine-grained details. Finally, we adopt the consistency checking between the left feature and the synthetic left feature to refine the initial disparity. Experiments on Scene Flow and KITTI 2015 benchmark demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
TrialDB: A Web-based Clinical Study Data Management System AMIA 2003 Open Source Expo (2003)

Clinical Study Data Management Systems (CSDMSs) are a class of software that support centralized management of data generated during the conduct of clinical studies. Commercial CSDMSs include Oracle Clinical, ClinTrial and MetaTrial. Such systems, which are typically deployed at an institutional or organizational level, must accommodate diverse types of data from different clinical domains that is generated by different groups of clinical investigators. Large-scale CSDMSs typically employ a high-end database engine that is usually accessed over an intranet or the Internet using Web-based technologies. CSDMSs in institution-wide use for a variety of clinical domains are best served by entity-attribute-value (EAV) modeling for the clinical data: all the commercial CSDMSs that we are aware of use EAV design. However, de novo development of EAV databases for data management is a challenging task. A large body of generic metadata-driven code must be developed before a basic EAV application can be written. Clearly, the availability of pre-existing software with the requisite functionality would be very valuable. We will discuss the benefits of such software being in open-source form.