gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing the GX graphics accelerator architecture (1990)

A novel approach to acceleration is described whereby high-level graphics on entry-level workstations has become practical. In the GX, the host CPU functions as the intelligent controller and two large ASICs (application-specific ICs) supply hardwired graphics functions. An arbitrary quadrilateral is the GX's only geometric primitive. However, it can readily approximate circle and arc primitives with short line segments. In addition, the GX supports flat shading of images only when every pixel on a polygon is the same color or intensity. However, by breaking the object into many smaller objects (tessellation), each with its own color, users can obtain a visually acceptable approximation to Gouraud-shading techniques. A description is given of the frame buffer chip and its graphic attributes and of the transformation engine and cursor chip. The chips do not have the complex instructions found in CISC (complex-instruction-set-computer) processors; rather, they perform the equivalent of very complicated software subroutines. The high speed and scalable performance of the GX and its software interface are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and test of a scalable security processor (2005)

This paper presents a security processor to accelerate cryptographic processing in modern security applications. Our security processor is capable of popular cryptographic functions such as RSA, AES, hashing and random number generation, etc. With proposed Crypto-DMA controller, data gathering and scattering become flexible for security processing, using a simple descriptor-based programming model. The architecture of the security processor with its core-based platform is scalable and configurable for security variations in performance, cost and power consumption. Different number of data channels and crypto-engines can be used to meet the specifications. In addition, a DFT platform is also implemented for the design-test integration. The security processor has been fabricated with 0.18μm CMOS technology. The core area is 3.899mm x 2.296mm (525K gates approximately) and the operating clock rate is 83MHz.
Pulmonary edema: new insight on pathogenesis and treatment (2001)

Pulmonary edema is one of the most serious and life-threatening situations in emergency medicine. Lately it has become apparent that in most cases pulmonary edema is not caused by fluid accumulation but rather fluid redistribution that is directed into the lungs because of heart failure. Based on a series of recently published studies, we propose that often the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema is related to a combination of marked increase in systemic vascular resistance superimposed on insufficient systolic and diastolic myocardial functional reserve. This resistance results in increased left ventricular diastolic pressure causing increased pulmonary venous pressure, which yields a fluid shift from the intravascular compartment into the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli, inducing the syndrome of pulmonary edema. Therefore, the emphasis in treating pulmonary edema has shifted from diuretics (ie, furosemide) to vasodilators (ie, high-dose nitrates) combined with noninvasive positive airway pressure ventilation and rarely inotropes. New classes of drugs that are currently being investigated for treating decompensated heart failure such as natriuretic peptides, calcium promoters, and endothelin antagonist are also being assessed for treating pulmonary edema. This review will explore this new hypothesis put forward to explain the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema and the evolving management strategies.
High‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Medium Bandgap Polymer Donor and Narrow Bandgap Organic Semiconductor Acceptor (2016)

A nonfullerene polymer solar cell with a high efficiency of 9.26% is realized by using benzodithiophene-alt-fluorobenzotriazole copolymer J51 as a medium-bandgap polymer donor and the low-bandgap organic semiconductor ITIC with high extinction coefficients as the acceptor.
The anomalous skin effect and the optical properties of metals (1982)

The anomalous skin effect is treated classically using a convective derivative to describe non-local effects. This approach yields a simple and accurate means by which to evaluate the optical properties of a metal over the entire frequency range in which the anomalous skin effect is significant. Furthermore, it can cater for any mixture of specular and diffuse surface scattering. In the infrared and visible regions, where computational difficulties are encountered with the exact theories, the model provides a more complete description of the optical properties than the approximations presently in use.
3,7,7-Trimethyl-1-phenyl-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinolin-5-one (2003)

The title compound, C19H19N3O, crystallizes in the space group P\overline 1, with Z′ = 2. Weak C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions link the mol­ecules into ribbons.
Dynamic Model of a Piano Action Mechanism (2004)

While some attempts have been made to model the behaviour of the grand piano action (the mechanism that translates a key press into a hammer striking a string), most researchers have reduced the system to a simple model with little relation to the components of a real action. While such models are useful for certain applications, they are not appropriate as design tools for piano makers, since the model parameters have little physical meaning and must be calibrated from the behaviour of a real action. A new model for a piano action is proposed in this thesis. The model treats each of the five main action components (key, whippen, jack, repetition lever, and hammer) as a rigid body. The action model also incorporates a contact model to determine the normal and friction forces at 13 locations between each of the contacting bodies. All parameters in the model are directly measured from the physical properties of individual action components, allowing the model to be used as a prototyping tool for actions that have not yet been built. To test whether the model can accurately predict the behaviour of a piano action, an experimental apparatus was built. Based around a keyboard from a Boston grand piano, the apparatus uses an electric motor to actuate the key, a load cell to measure applied force, and optical encoders and a high speed video camera to measure the positions of the bodies. The apparatus was found to produce highly repeatable, reliable measurements of the action. The behaviour of the action model was compared to the measurements from the experimental apparatus for several types of key blows from a pianist. A qualitative comparison showed that the model could very accurately reproduce the behaviour of a real action for high force blows. When the forces were lower, the behaviour of the action model was still reasonable, but some discrepancy from the experimental results could be seen. In order to reduce the discrepancy, it was recommended that certain improvements could be made to the action model. Rigid bodies, most importantly the key and hammer, should be replaced with flexible bodies. The normal contact model should be modified to account for the speed-independent behaviour of felt compression. Felt bushings that are modelled as perfect revolute joints should instead be modelled as flexible contact surfaces.
Allelic Differences in the Relationship Between Proteasome Activity and MHC Class I Peptide Loading (1998)

MHC class I molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that play a pivotal role in the response to intracellular pathogens. The loading of MHC class I molecules with antigenic substrates takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This requires a functional TAP transporter, which translocates peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum from the cytosol. The generation of antigenic peptides from polypeptide precursors is thought to be mediated in the cytosol by the proteasome. Previously, we have demonstrated that inhibiting the proteasome with the specific covalent inhibitor lactacystin results in a direct reduction of peptide-loaded MHC class I molecules. This indicates that the proteasome is the limiting step in the MHC class I pathway. In this study we use isoelectric focusing to demonstrate that two related MHC class I alleles, HLA-A3 and HLA-A11, as well as HLA-B35 do not follow this behavior. In contrast to other class I alleles expressed by the same cells, these alleles are loaded with peptides and mature normally when proteasome activity is severely inhibited. Our observations highlight a new level of diversity in the MHC class I system and indicate that there are allele-specific differences in the linkage between proteasome activity and MHC class I peptide loading.
Portable Analyzer for Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water. Application of Rapid-Dropping Mercury Portable Analyzer for Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water. Application of Rapid-Dropping Mercury Electrode (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPortable Analyzer for Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water. Application of Rapid-Dropping Mercury Portable Analyzer for Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water. Application of Rapid-Dropping Mercury ElectrodeC. P. Tyler and J. H. KarchmerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 4, 499–502Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50164a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50164a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CT-Guided Stereotactic Surgery for Evacuation of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hematoma (1985)

During the last 3 years, 46 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were treated by CT-guided stereotactic surgery. Our present report is concerned with the evaluation of this procedure in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma, in terms of the rate of aspirated hematoma and follow-up study of patients. It is difficult to draw any definite conclusion about the operative indications. CT-guided stereotactic aspiration, however, can be evaluated as a less invasive and more definitive treatment of intracerebral hematoma in the basal ganglia and thalamus.
Effects of Alloying Elements on the Graphitization of Hypo-Eutectoid Steel (1979)

The graphitization reaction at subcritical temperatures has been studied on Fe-C alloy produced by carburizing pure iron and a number of hypo-eutectoid alloy steels containing alloying elements such as silicon, manganese, cobalt and nickel. The TTT relationship for subcritical graphitization resulted in the “C” curve, the nose of which was located at a temperature about 60°C lower than Ac1 of each steel. The more the elements such as silicon, cobalt and nickel which had a partition coefficient in cementite to ferrite smaller than unity, the shorter the incubation time of the graphitization. It was accordingly suggested that the elements in cementite affected the stability of cementite. The graphitization reaction in hypo-eutectoid alloy steels obeyed Johnson-Mehl’s equation and the reaction exponent n was a value close to 2.5, and the activation energies obtained from cross-cut method considering temperature dependency of the number of graphite nodules were 166 to 193 kJ/mol. On the other hand, graphite was found to grow along ferrite grain boundaries. From these results it was suggested that the rate-controlling process for growth of graphite was diffusion of iron along ferrite grain boundaries.
Network-based mimicry anomaly detection using divergence measures (2015)

To evade detection by network-based anomaly detectors, sophisticated attackers are trying to make their malicious traffic resemble legitimate traffic by running attacks through ports used on a daily basis (e.g., port 80 for HTTP). This mimicry traffic is potentially neglected by detectors. In this paper, we propose a Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence-based method for detecting anomalous traffic mimicking legitimate traffic. Our method firstly observes the port pair distribution of traffic flows, which is a novel statistical traffic feature proposed in this work. Secondly, our method computes the KL divergence between the port pair distributions of the current and previous time intervals. Our method starts to find anomalous flows when the KL divergence deviates from a specified threshold. We tested the performance of our method with traffic which was mixed by four synthetic mimicry anomalies and real-world backbone traffic. The results indicated that our method could precisely detect all synthetic anomalies. Furthermore, our method additionally revealed six real-world anomalies that were hidden in the testing backbone traffic.
The Interferon Regulatory Factor Family in Host Defense: Mechanism of Action (2007)

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family commands the entire type I interferon (IFN) system from induction of IFNs to diverse IFN responses, thereby providing a principal basis for host resistance against pathogens. However, the family has various additional roles. Regulating the development of the immune system, IRFs shape the establishment and execution of innate and adaptive immunity. IRFs also regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, thus playing a role in leukemia and other cancers. In addition, evidence indicates that IRFs confer antiviral mechanisms not directly ascribed to the IFN system. This review deals with the diverse roles of IRFs in host defense and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate target gene transcription.
Pubertal Development in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients Receiving Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors or Conventional Immunosuppression (2015)

In this retrospective analysis, sexual maturation ages and reproductive hormone levels were comparable in adolescent kidney transplant patients receiving low-exposure mTOR inhibitors and reduced CNI therapy or conventional CNI-based immunosuppression.
The Antimicrobial Removal Device: <i>A Microbiological and Clinical Evaluation</i> (1982)

A parallel study of blood cultured conventionally and following processing in an Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD) was conducted with patients suspected of being clinically bacteremic. Cultures yielded 205 isolates from 87 clinically bacteremic patients, of whom 28 were receiving antibiotics at the time their cultures were performed. Overall, ARD processing neither increased the isolation rate nor decreased the time interval required for detection of organisms compared with conventional processing. ARD processing was the only means of isolation of organisms from only seven of the 87 patients and three of the 28 receiving antibiotics, whereas conventional processing accounted for the only means of isolation of organisms from 17 of the 87 patients and nine of the 28 receiving antibiotics. ARD processing demonstrated no advantages over conventional processing of blood cultures.
Guided ultrasonic waves in long bones: modelling, experiment and<i>in vivo</i>application (2002)

Existing ultrasound devices for assessing the human tibia are based on detecting the first arriving signal, corresponding to a wave propagating at, or close to, the bulk longitudinal velocity in bone. However, human long bones are effectively irregular hollow tubes and should theoretically support the propagation of more complex guided modes similar to Lamb waves in plates. Guided waves are attractive because they propagate throughout the bone thickness and can potentially yield more information on bone material properties and architecture. In this study, Lamb wave theory and numerical simulations of wave propagation were used to gain insights into the expected behaviour of guided waves in bone. Experimental measurements in acrylic plates, using a prototype low-frequency axial pulse transmission device, confirmed the presence of two distinct propagating waves: the first arriving wave propagating at, or close to, the longitudinal velocity, and a slower second wave whose behaviour was consistent with the lowest order Lamb antisymmetrical (A0) mode. In a pilot study of healthy and osteoporotic subjects, the velocity of the second wave differed significantly between the two groups, whereas the first arriving wave velocity did not, suggesting the former to be a more sensitive indicator of osteoporosis. We conclude that guided wave measurements may offer an enhanced approach to the ultrasonic characterization of long bones.
A priori patient-specific collision avoidance in radiotherapy using consumer grade depth cameras (2017)

We successfully demonstrated a fast and low cost framework which can map an entire collision space a priori for a given patient during the time of simulation. All collisions can be avoided using polygon interference, but a polygon buffer may be required to account for geometric uncertainties of scanned objects.
Stationary frame harmonic reference generation for active filter systems (2003)

Harmonic reference generators for active power filter systems are commonly implemented in the synchronous reference frame, so that simple low or high pass filter functions can be used depending on the requirements of a particular application. High pass filters in particular are used when the reference generator is required to produce an "everything but the fundamental" target waveform. This paper presents a stationary frame notch filter equivalent to a high pass synchronous frame harmonic reference generator for such systems. The use of the stationary frame allows for quicker calculation of the reference generation in a discrete digital implementation, and also allows classical control techniques to be used to analyze the active filter system without requiring synchronous frame transformations of the outside system model. Both simulation (continuous and discrete) and experimental results showing the equivalency of the stationary and synchronous frame reference generation process are presented using both shift and delta operator based IIR digital filters.
Detecting And Tracking Vehicles In Airborne Videos (2012)

In this work, we present an automatic vehicle detection system for airborne videos using combined features. We propose a pixel-wise classification method for vehicle detection using Dynamic Bayesian Networks. In spite of performing pixel-wise classification, relations among neighboring pixels in a region are preserved in the feature extraction process. The main novelty of the detection scheme is that the extracted combined features comprise not only pixel-level information but also region-level information. Afterwards, tracking is performed on the detected vehicles. Tracking is performed using efficient Kalman filter with dynamic particle sampling. Experiments were conducted on a wide variety of airborne videos. We do not assume prior information of camera heights, orientation, and target object sizes in the proposed framework. The results demonstrate flexibility and good generalization abilities of the proposed method on a challenging dataset.
Optimizing deep bottleneck feature extraction (2013)

We investigate several optimizations to a recently published architecture for extracting bottleneck features for large-vocabulary speech recognition with deep neural networks. We are able to improve recognition performance of first-pass systems from a 12% relative word error rate reduction reported previously to 21%, compared to MFCC baselines on a Tagalog conversational telephone speech corpus. This is achieved by using different input features, training the network to predict context-dependent targets, employing an efficient learning rate schedule and varying several architectural details. Evaluations on two larger German and French speech transcription tasks show that the optimizations proposed are universally applicable and yield comparable gains on other corpora (19.9% and 22.8%, respectively).
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. I. Theory (2004)

ABSTRACT We present a migration velocity analysis (MVA) method based on wavefield extrapolation. Similarly to conventional MVA, our method aims at iteratively improving the quality of the migrated image, as measured by the flatness of angle‐domain common‐image gathers (ADCIGs) over the aperture‐angle axis. However, instead of inverting the depth errors measured in ADCIGs using ray‐based tomography, we invert ‘image perturbations’ using a linearized wave‐equation operator. This operator relates perturbations of the migrated image to perturbations of the migration velocity. We use prestack Stolt residual migration to define the image perturbations that maximize the focusing and flatness of ADCIGs. Our linearized operator relates slowness perturbations to image perturbations, based on a truncation of the Born scattering series to the first‐order term. To avoid divergence of the inversion procedure when the velocity perturbations are too large for Born linearization of the wave equation, we do not invert directly the image perturbations obtained by residual migration, but a linearized version of the image perturbations. The linearized image perturbations are computed by a linearized prestack residual migration operator applied to the background image. We use numerical examples to illustrate how the backprojection of the linearized image perturbations, i.e. the gradient of our objective function, is well behaved, even in cases when backprojection of the original image perturbations would mislead the inversion and take it in the wrong direction. We demonstrate with simple synthetic examples that our method converges even when the initial velocity model is far from correct. In a companion paper, we illustrate the full potential of our method for estimating velocity anomalies under complex salt bodies.
Low-latency modular packet header parser for FPGA (2012)

Packet parsing is the basic operation performed at all points of the network infrastructure. Modern networks impose challenging requirements on the performance and configurability of packet parsing modules, however the high-speed parsers often use very large chip area. We propose novel architecture of pipelined packet parser, which in addition to high throughput (over 100 Gb/s) offers also low latency. Moreover, the latency to throughput ratio can be finely tuned to fit the particular application.