gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of performance and microbial ecology of sequencing batch reactor and membrane bioreactor treating thin-film transistor liquid crystal display wastewater (2008)

In Taiwan, a substantial amount of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) wastewater is produced daily due to an increasing production of the opto-electronic industry in recent years. The main components of TFT-LCD wastewater include dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), monoethanolamine (MEA), and tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which are recognized as non-or slow-biodegradable organic compounds and limited information is available regarding their biological treatablility. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term performance of two bioreactors, anaerobic-aerobic (A/O) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR), treating synthetic TFT-LCD wastewater containing DMSO, MEA, and TMAH with different loadings. For the A/O SBR, the influent wastewater was composed of 800 mg MEA/L, 430 mg DMSO/L, and 90 mg TMAH/L, respectively. After reaching steady-state, SBR was able to achieve more than 99% degradation efficiencies for the three compounds examined. For the case of aerobic MBR, the influent wastewater was composed of 550 mg MEA/L, 270 mg DMSO/L, and 330 mg TMAH/L, respectively, and degradation efficiencies for the three compounds achieved more than 99%. Although both different reactors shared similar and satisfactory degradation efficiencies for DMSO, MEA, and TMAH, the microbial ecology of these two reactors, as elucidated with molecular methods, was apparently different. The 16S rDNA-based cloning/sequencing results indicated that the dominant sequences retrieved from the aerobic MBR, including Hyphomicrobium denitrificans, Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii, Rhodobacter sp., and Methyloversatilis universalis, showed a clear linkage to their physiological properties of DMSO and TMAH degradation. On the other hand, Zoogloea sp., Chlorobium chlorochromatii, Agricultural soil bacterium, and Flavosolibacter ginsengiterrae were proliferated in the A/O SBR Run1, while Thiobacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Thauera aromatica and Azoarcus sp. became dominant in Run2. Furthermore, the sequences retrieved from different reactors were used to establish the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) fingerprint methodology for monitoring the dynamics of dominant degrading bacteria in the aerobic MBR treating TFT-LCD wastewater.
Dependence of collagen remodelling on α‐smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts (1994)

To study the relation between expression of the putative myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin and the remodelling of extracellular matrix, immunocytochemical, gel electrophoresis, and collagen gel contraction studies were performed on two human fibroblast subtypes. Double immunolabelling for total actins and alpha-smooth muscle (sm) actin as well as affinity labelling of filamentous and monomeric actins in gingival fibroblasts demonstrated that alpha-sm was colocalized in stress fibres and in regions with high levels of monomeric actin throughout the cytoplasm. alpha-sm comprised up to 14% of total cellular actin as assessed by 2D gel electrophoresis. Thirteen different gingival and seven different periodontal ligament fibroblast lines constitutively expressed on alpha-sm actin. These cells exhibited up to 60% inter-line variations of fluorescence due to alpha-sm actin and up to 70% and 45% inter-line variation in the rate of collagen gel contraction. Quantitative, single cell fluorimetry of alpha-sm actin immunoreactivity demonstrated a linear relation between gel contraction and alpha-sm actin (correlation coefficients of 0.71 for gingival and 0.61 for periodontal ligament cells), but there was no detectable relationship between total actin content and gel contraction. In contrast, flow cytometry demonstrated that 99% of the total gated cells from cell lines exhibiting rapid gel contraction showed alpha-sm actin staining above background fluorescence as compared to only 35% of cells with slow rates of gel contraction. Contracting collagen gels stained with FITC-phalloidin showed cells with well-developed stress fibres that were progressively more compact and elongated during the time of maximal gel contraction. To examine the dependence of gel contraction on assembly of monomeric actin into actin filaments, cells were electroporated in the presence of phalloidin or cytochalasin D. Collagen gels exhibited up to 100% inhibition of gel contraction that was dose-dependent. Gel contraction was inhibited 93% by electroinjection of cells with alpha-sm actin antibody prior to incubation, but the antibody did not inhibit actin assembly after attachment and spreading on substrates. These data indicate that gel contraction is dependent on alpha-sm actin expression and that alpha-sm actin is a functional marker for a fibroblast subtype that rapidly remodels the extracellular matrix.
Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of allyl halides with organotin reagents: a method of joining highly functionalized partners regioselectively and stereospecifically (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed cross coupling of allyl halides with organotin reagents: a method of joining highly functionalized partners regioselectively and stereospecificallyForrest K. Sheffy, J. P. Godschalx, and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 4833–4840Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00329a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2379Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Unp proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear protein. (1994)

The mouse Unp gene is related to TRE17, a human oncogene, but is not its mouse homolog. Unp is a ubiquitously expressed gene producing two related mRNAs. The protein product of Unp is localized in the nucleus. Expression of Unp from a highly active promoter results in tumorigenic transformation of NIH3T3 cells injected into athymic mice. Unp therefore encodes a novel nuclear oncoprotein.
Heat shock proteins in thermotolerance and other cellular processes. (1987)

Heat shock proteins appear to be causatively involved in the acquisition of thermotolerance in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes. Further, the enhanced synthesis of hsps may be necessary for some cellular responses to stress but not others. In prokaryotic cells the development of thermotolerance, as measured by cell survival, is dependent upon protein synthesis. However, in eukaryotes, enhanced hsp synthesis following an inducing stress and prior to a subsequent heat shock is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of thermotolerance as measured by colony-forming assays. The enhanced expression of hsps may be required for some mammalian cellular stress responses, such as the ability to reform both actin microfilament bundles and nucleolar morphology. These latter two thermotolerant responses have not been correlated with colony-forming ability. Future work should address the relationships between these various physiological responses to stress and determine if hsps function in some repair mode with regard to colony formation responses. Evidence is accumulating that hsps or their cognates may function in growth and differentiation in some manner as yet to be fully explained. Recent studies indicate that genes controlling cell division in E. coli may be linked to those of several stress regulons, and it would not be surprising to find a similar relationship in eukaryotes. At this time, it is important that studies investigating the role of hsps in stress and other cellular responses such as growth and differentiation define the specific gene (including its regulatory sequences) that encodes the protein being investigated, in order to avoid apparently contradictory and confusing reports of hsps expression.
Accumulation of Sulphite by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii as Affected by Phospholipid Fatty-acyl Unsaturation and Chain Length (1989)

Analyses were made of the fatty-acyl composition of phospholipids from each of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii grown aerobically. Residues of C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1 predominated in phospholipids from strains of the first yeast, while phospholipids from Z. bailii contained mainly C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 residues. S. cerevisiae NCYC 431, grown anaerobically in media supplemented with ergosterol and C14:1, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 or C20:1 fatty acids, contained phospholipids enriched with residues of the exogenously provided acid, to a greater extent with shorter chain than longer chain acids. A plot of the permeability coefficient for sulphite, derived from Woolf-Eadie plots, against the degree of unsaturation in phospholipids (expressed as delta mol-1 value) showed that the coefficient was greater the lower the degree of unsaturation in the phospholipids. A plot of the permeability coefficient against values for the mean fatty-acyl chain length divided by the delta mol-1 value, which is an approximation of the cross-section surface area of a phospholipid molecule, showed that the permeability coefficient tended to increase the greater the surface-area value.
Skull-closed autonomous development: WWN-6 using natural video (2012)

While a physical environment interacts with a human individual through the brain's sensors and effectors, internal representations inside the skull-closed brain autonomously emerge and adapt throughout the lifetime. By “skull-closed”, we mean that the brain inside the skull is off limit to all teachers in the external physical environment, except the brain's sensory ends and motor ends. We present the Where-What Network 6 (WWN-6), which has realized our goal of skull-closed autonomous development. This means that the human programmer is not allowed to handcraft the internal representations for any fixed extra-body concepts. For example, the meanings of specific values of the location or type concept are not known during the programming time. Such meanings emerge through associations imbedded in “postnatal” experience. This capability is especially challenging when one considers the fact that most elements in the sensory ends are irrelevant to the signals at the effector ends (e.g., many background pixels). How does each output (usually expressed in vector) in the effectors find its corresponding existing pattern in the correct patch of the sensory image? We outline this autonomous learning theory for the brain and present how the developmental program (DP) of WWN-6 enables the network to perform for attending and recognizing objects in complex backgrounds using natural video. The inputs to the agent (i.e., the network) are not artificially synthesized images as WWNs used before, but drawn from continuous video taken from natural settings where, in general, everything is moving.
Group Level Activity Recognition in Crowded Environments across Multiple Cameras (2010)

Environments such as schools, public parks and prisons and others that contain a large number of people are typically characterized by frequent and complex social interactions. In order to identify activities and behaviors in such environments, it is necessary to understand the interactions that take place at a group level. To this end, this paper addresses the problem of detecting and predicting suspicious and in particular aggressive behaviors between groups of individuals such as gangs in prison yards. The work builds on a mature multi-camera multi-target person tracking system that operates in real-time and has the ability to handle crowded conditions. We consider two approaches for grouping individuals: (i) agglomerative clustering favored by the computer vision community, as well as (ii) decisive clustering based on the concept of modularity, which is favored by the social network analysis community. We show the utility of such grouping analysis towards the detection of group activities of interest. The presented algorithm is integrated with a system operating in real-time to successfully detect highly realistic aggressive behaviors enacted by correctional officers in a simulated prison environment. We present results from these enactments that demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Evolving virtual contents with interactions in videos (2009)

With the development of multimedia analysis, virtual content insertion has been widely used and studied for the video enrichment and advertising. However, how to less-intrusively insert a virtual content into general videos with an attractive representation is a significant and challenging problem in the field of virtual content insertion. In this paper, we present a novel virtual content insertion system which inserts virtual contents into videos with evolved animations according to predefined behaviors based on the concept of evolutionary biology. The videos are considered as not only carriers of message conveyed by the virtual content but also the environment in which the lifelike virtual contents live. Thus, the inserted virtual content interacts with video contents and triggers the artificial evolution. The evolution process is divided into distinct yet dependent phases, in which the virtual content evolves its appearances and behaviors with the incremental interactions. In this way, the proposed system constructs a visually relevant connection between the inserted virtual content and the source videos to reduce the intrusiveness and increase the acceptability and the attractiveness simultaneously. User studies show that the augmented videos produced by the proposed system improve the audience's viewing experience to the original video content and engage viewers with the entertaining storyline.
Use of a Hydraulic Flush Reactor in a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process for Biodegradable Municipal Waste (2009)

Performance of a hydrolysis reactor in which the solids and liquid retention times were uncoupled to give enhanced solids retention and removal of hydrolysis products was evaluated for a feedstock of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW). The reactor was operated both alone and as part of a two-stage process in series with an anaerobic filter. Operating with a hydraulic flush to give hydraulic retention times (HRT) between 1.6 and 5.3 days, and a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days increased hydrolysis in comparison with a control reactor where HRT and SRT were equal. Overall biodegradability was low; however, with an effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) equivalent to ∼30% of the substrate biochemical methane potential (BMP). When operated as part of a two-stage process using effluent from the anaerobic filter as the flush liquor the characteristics of the system changed substantially with an increase in performance to an overall methane production of 0.22–0.24 L g−1 volatile solids (VS) added. This was achieved even when the maximum loading of 7.5 gVS L−1day−1 was applied. During acclimatization the first-stage hydrolytic reactor became methanogenic despite the short HRT, and was responsible for as much as 70% of the overall methane production. The system could not revert to single-stage operation after acclimatization, showing the continuing importance of the anaerobic filter. The combined system was robust, and could recover from major disturbances and step increases in loading without reduction in continuous methane production, indicating some potential for larger scale application in BMW disposal.
Vibration Based Wind Turbine Tower Foundation Design Utilizing Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction (2008)

Wind turbines have been used to generate electricity as an alternative energy source to conventional fossil fuels. This case study is for multiple wind towers located at different villages in Alaska where severe arctic weather conditions exist. The towers are supported by two different types of foundations; large mat or deep piles foundations. Initially, a Reinforced Concrete (RC) mat foundation was utilized to provide the system with vertical and lateral support. Where soil conditions required it, a pile foundation solution was devised utilizing a 30″ thick RC mat containing an embedded steel grillage of W18 beams supported by 20″–24″ grouted or un‐grouted piles. The mixing and casting of concrete in‐situ has become the major source of cost and difficulty of construction at these remote Alaska sites. An all‐steel foundation was proposed for faster installation and lower cost, but was found to impact the natural frequencies of the structural system by significantly softening the foundation system. The tower‐foundation support structure thus became near‐resonant with the operational frequencies of the wind turbine leading to a likelihood of structural instability or even collapse. A detailed 3D Finite‐Element model of the original tower‐foundation‐pile system with RC foundation was created using SAP2000. Soil springs were included in the model based on soil properties obtained from the geotechnical consultant. The natural frequency from the model was verified against the tower manufacturer analytical and the experimental values. Where piles were used, numerous iterations were carried out to eliminate the need for the RC and optimize the design. An optimized design was achieved with enough separation between the natural and operational frequencies to prevent damage to the structural system eliminating the need for any RC encasement to the steel foundation or grouting to the piles.
Oral acyclovir in acute herpes zoster. (1986)

Oral acyclovir at a dose of 800 mg five times daily for seven days was compared with placebo in a randomised double blind trial conducted at three centres in the United Kingdom. The study group comprised 205 elderly immune competent patients suffering from herpes zoster who were entered within 72 hours of the onset of rash. Acyclovir significantly reduced the times to arrest of new lesion formation (p = 0.005), loss of vesicles (p less than 0.001), and full crusting (p = 0.02) in those patients entered within 48 hours of the onset of rash. In addition, there was a significant reduction in pain during treatment with acyclovir as compared with placebo (p = 0.008). Of the patients with severe pain on entry, 40% (10/25) of those treated with acyclovir had no or only mild pain at the end of treatment, whereas in the placebo group all had residual moderate or severe pain (p less than 0.001). No clinically important adverse effects of acyclovir were reported. Oral acyclovir may modify acute herpes zoster and reduce pain.
Studies on the Accumulation of Orotic Acid by<i>Escherichia coli</i>K12 (1969)

More than 300 mg/liter of orotic acid was found to accumulate in the supernatants of the cultures of wild type strains of E. coli K12. The pyrimidine precursor was accumulated in a synthetic medium such as glucose-ammonium sulfate medium. The substance was isolated from the culture, crystallized, and identified as orotic acid. Orotic acid was excreted mainly during logarithmic phase of the bacterial growth. Yeast extract or nutrient broth stimulated bacterial growth, but suppressed orotic acid accumulation. E. coli strains other than K12 failed to accumulate orotic acid. The results suggest that the accumulation of orotic acid is specific to E. coli K12.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition results in synergistic anti-tumour activity with melphalan and tumour necrosis factor alpha-based isolated limb perfusions (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in regulating tumour blood flow and stimulating tumour angiogenesis. Inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME might induce an anti-tumour effect by limiting nutrients and oxygen to reach tumour tissue or affecting vascular growth. The anti-tumour effect of L-NAME after systemic administration was studied in a renal subcapsular CC531 adenocarcinoma model in rats. Moreover, regional administration of L-NAME, in combination with TNF and melphalan, was studied in an isolated limb perfusion (ILP) model using BN175 soft-tissue sarcomas. Systemic treatment with L-NAME inhibited growth of adenocarcinoma significantly but was accompanied by impaired renal function. In ILP, reduced tumour growth was observed when L-NAME was used alone. In combination with TNF or melphalan, L-NAME increased response rates significantly compared to perfusions without L-NAME (0-64% and 0-63% respectively). An additional anti-tumour effect was demonstrated when L-NAME was added to the synergistic combination of melphalan and TNF (responses increased from 70 to 100%). Inhibition of NO synthase reduces tumour growth both after systemic and regional (ILP) treatment. A synergistic anti-tumour effect of L-NAME is observed in combination with melphalan and/or TNF using ILP. These results indicate a possible role of L-NAME for the treatment of solid tumours in a systemic or regional setting.
Practical Dispersion: A Guide to Understanding and Formulating Slurries (1996)

Focusing upon practical dispersion, this study aims to assists personnel in preparing more stable dispersions and to provide a better understanding of secondary properties which result from various dispersed states. It avoids complex concepts and mathematics which confuse practical applications.
<title>Zero-spillover control of enclosed sound fields</title> (2001)

In designing a controller, one way to avoid energy spillover is to use what is called the zero spillover control scheme. Here, this scheme is studied for actively controlling sound fields inside an enclosure with a flexible boundary. Noise is transmitted into the enclosure through the flexible boundary, and piezoceramic patches, which are mounted on the flexible boundary, are used as actuators. Polyvinylidene fluoride sensors are used on the flexible boundary and microphone sensors are used inside and outside the enclosure. The locations of the sensors needed to construct a zero spillover controller are discussed along with other issues.