gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An implementation and performance analysis of slave-side arbitration schemes for the ML-AHB BusMatrix (2007)

The slave-side arbitration is different from the master-side arbitration based on the request and grant signals. The slave-side arbitration uses the response signals of slave for arbitration. Also, the arbitration overhead of the slave-side arbitration is 10% smaller than that of the master-side arbitration. In this paper, we implement and analyze the slave-side arbitration schemes for the ML-AHB busmatrix. We implemented the ML-AHB busmatrixes with fixed priority, round robin and dynamic priority arbitration schemes. Our busmatrix implementation particularly reduces area and clock period by 17% and 19% respectively, compared with those of busmatrix of ARM by virtue of the masking mechanism. With the performance simulations, we observed that when there are few masters with long job length in a bus system, the dynamic priority based arbitration shows the maximum performance and in other cases the arbitration based on round robin shows the highest performance. In addition, the arbitration scheme with transaction based multiplexing shows higher performance than the same arbitration scheme with single transfer based switching in an application with frequent accesses to the long latency devices or memories such as SDRAM. The improvements of the arbitration scheme with transaction based multiplexing are 26%, 42% and 51%, respectively when the latency times of SDRAM are 1, 2 and 3 clock cycles.
Hybrid Carbon-Based Scaffolds for Applications in Soft Tissue Reconstruction (2011)

Current biomedical scaffolds utilized in surgery to repair soft tissues commonly fail to meet the optimal combination of biomechanical and tissue regenerative properties. Carbon is a scaffold alternative that potentially optimizes the balance between mechanical strength, durability, and function as a cell and biologics delivery vehicle that is necessary to restore tissue function while promoting tissue repair. The goals of this study were to investigate the feasibility of fabricating hybrid fibrous carbon scaffolds modified with biopolymer, polycaprolactone and to analyze their mechanical properties and ability to support cell growth and proliferation. Environmental scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and cell adhesion and cell proliferation studies were utilized to test scaffold suitability as a cell delivery vehicle. Mechanical properties were tested to examine load failure and elastic modulus. Results were compared to an acellular dermal matrix scaffold control (GraftJacket(®) [GJ] Matrix), selected for its common use in surgery for the repair of soft tissues. Results indicated that carbon scaffolds exhibited similar mechanical maximums and capacity to support fibroblast adhesion and proliferation in comparison with GJ. Fibroblast adhesion and proliferation was collinear with carbon fiber orientation in regions of sparsely distributed fibers and occurred in clusters in regions of higher fiber density and low porosity. Overall, fibroblast adhesion and proliferation was greatest in lower porosity carbon scaffolds with highly aligned fibers. Stepwise multivariate regression showed that the variability in maximum load of carbon scaffolds and controls were dependent on unique and separate sets of parameters. These finding suggested that there were significant differences in the functional implications of scaffold design and material properties between carbon and dermis derived scaffolds that affect scaffold utility as a tissue replacement construct.
Combining Multiple Artificial Neural Networks Using Random Committee to Decide upon Electrical Disturbance Classification (2007)

An ANN-based automatic classifier for power system disturbance waveforms was developed. Actual voltage waveforms were applied in the training process. Signals were processed in two steps: i) decomposition through wavelet transformation up to the 5th decomposition level; ii) the resultant wavelet coefficients are processed via PCA, reducing the input space of the classifier to a much lower dimension. The classification was carried out using a combination of six MLPs with different architectures: five representing the first to fifth-level details, and one representing the fifth-level approximation. The RPROP algorithm was applied for training the networks. Network combination was formed using random committee which builds an ensemble of randomized base classifiers. Experimental results with real data indicate that the random committee is clearly an effective way to improve disturbance classification accuracy when compared with the simple average and the individual models.
Improved Methods to Understand and Mitigate Stick-Slip Torsional Vibrations (2018)

Abstract In this paper, it will be shown how stick-slip vibration distributions can be used to evaluate drill string and parameter redesign options to mitigate stick-slip on the next well. It will also be shown how stick-slip vibration data can be used to estimate the time interval during which the bit is stuck when operating at or beyond full stick-slip. The torsional vibration example to be discussed in this paper is based on the distribution of stick-slip vibration data when downhole data is available, or alternatively using surface torque swing data. The operator's frequency-domain dynamic model relates torque swing at the surface to the variation in bit rotary speed, as a function of the drill string design and surface RPM. Linear relationships between this distribution function and several variables are investigated, including the critical torque swing at full stick-slip, rotary speed (RPM), and downhole torque. The operator drilled several wells in a vibrations-prone formation, and one well had extreme stick-slip vibrations whereas another well experienced minimal stick-slip as a result of limiter redesign. An understanding of the differences in the factors that led to the vibration reduction has been generalized into a procedure that can be applied to future wells. Although prediction of stick-slip in advance of drilling is difficult, with the benefit of data from one well it is possible to determine new parameters for a second well that will have significantly less stick-slip tendency. In a well in a different field, high frequency torsional measurements at the bit provided data illustrating the rotary speed swing of the bit stick-slip cycle, highlighting the duration of time that the bit was in the stuck condition. Results from the dynamic drill string torsional model have been compared with downhole data, and application of the dynamic model and some new relationships enable stuck time to be related to the drilling parameters. The variation in stored potential energy on each stick-slip cycle can also be calculated. These new understandings improve efforts to redesign relevant drilling parameters to mitigate stick-slip vibrations. Historically, prediction of stick-slip vibrations in advance of drilling has been fraught with challenges. Although we know what factors influence stick-slip, and what directional changes are required to mitigate this dysfunction, there is a need for a simple methodology to quantitatively determine the degree of dysfunction and the effects of one or more redesign parameters.
Rapid and Efficient Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Interconversions by <i>Carboxydothermus </i><i>hydrogenoformans</i> CO Dehydrogenase I on an Electrode (2007)

The Ni-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase I from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans adsorbed on a pyrolytic graphite “edge” electrode catalyzes rapid CO2/CO interconversions at the thermodynamic potential.
Pulse analysis of acoustic emission signals (1977)

A method for the signature analysis of pulses in the frequency domain and the time domain is presented. Fourier spectrum, Fourier transfer function, shock spectrum and shock spectrum ratio were examined in the frequency domain analysis and pulse shape deconvolution was developed for use in the time domain analysis. Comparisons of the relative performance of each analysis technique are made for the characterization of acoustic emission pulses recorded by a measuring system. To demonstrate the relative sensitivity of each of the methods to small changes in the pulse shape, signatures of computer modeled systems with analytical pulses are presented. Optimization techniques are developed and used to indicate the best design parameter values for deconvolution of the pulse shape. Several experiments are presented that test the pulse signature analysis methods on different acoustic emission sources. These include acoustic emission associated with (a) crack propagation, (b) ball dropping on a plate, (c) spark discharge, and (d) defective and good ball bearings. Deconvolution of the first few micro-seconds of the pulse train is shown to be the region in which the significant signatures of the acoustic emission event are to be found.
Rapamycin Reduces CCR5 Density Levels on CD4 T Cells, and This Effect Results in Potentiation of Enfuvirtide (T-20) against R5 Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 In Vitro (2007)

The CCR5 chemokine receptor plays a pivotal role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Several studies have suggested that CCR5 density levels in individuals are rate limiting for infection. In addition, CCR5 density levels influence the antiviral activity of the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20) against R5 strains. In the present study we demonstrate that rapamycin (RAPA), a drug approved for the treatment of renal transplantation rejection, reduces CCR5 density levels on CD4 T cells and inhibits R5 HIV-1 replication. In addition, RAPA increased the antiviral activity of T-20 against R5 strains of the virus in a cell-cell fusion assay and as shown by quantification of early products of viral reverse transcription. Median-effect analysis of drug interaction between RAPA and T-20 in infectivity assays using donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that the RAPA-T-20 combination is synergistic against R5 strains of HIV-1 and this synergy translates into T-20 dose reductions of up to approximately 33-fold. Importantly, RAPA effects on replication levels and T-20 susceptibility of R5 strains of HIV-1 were observed at drug concentrations that did not inhibit cell proliferation. These results suggest that low concentrations of RAPA may potentiate the antiviral activity of T-20 against R5 strains of HIV-1, which are generally present throughout the course of infection and are less sensitive to T-20 inhibition than are X4 strains.
Growing backwards: an inverted role for the shrimp ortholog of vertebrate myostatin and GDF11 (2011)

Myostatin (MSTN) and growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF11) are closely related proteins involved in muscle cell growth and differentiation as well as neurogenesis of vertebrates. Both MSTN and GDF11 negatively regulate their functions. Invertebrates possess a single ortholog of the MSTN/GDF11 family. In order to understand the role of MSTN/GDF11 in crustaceans, the gene ortholog was identified and characterized in the penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon. The overall protein sequence and specific functional sites were highly conserved with other members of the MSTN/GDF11 family. Gene transcripts of pmMstn/Gdf11, assessed by real-time PCR, were detected in a variety of tissue types and were actively regulated in muscle across the moult cycle. To assess phenotypic function in shrimp, pmMstn/Gdf11 gene expression was downregulated by tail-muscle injection of sequence-specific double-stranded RNA. Shrimp with reduced levels of pmMstn/Gdf11 transcripts displayed a dramatic slowing in growth rate compared with control groups. Findings from this study place the MSTN/GDF11 gene at the centre of growth regulation in shrimp, but suggest that, compared with higher vertebrates, this gene has an opposite role in invertebrates such as shrimp, where levels of gene expression may positively regulate growth.
FTIR Study of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Scrambling at Room Temperature over Copper Supported on ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>. 1 (1996)

An FTIR and quadrupole mass spectroscopic study of CO adsorption and oxidation with 16O2 and 18O2 on copper supported on ZnO and TiO2 is presented. The experimental results indicate that CO is adsorbed on the metallic particles dispersed on both oxides on two kinds of sites, on the normal terrace sites and on sites at the borderline of the particles. Moreover, on titania, a band at 2126 cm-1, assigned to CO adsorbed on isolated Cu atoms and/or on two-dimensional small clusters, is detected. A frequency shift of the bands of CO adsorbed on the metallic particles observed in the CO−O2 coadsorption experiments and the occurrence of a scrambling reaction between CO and 18O2 reveal that on all these samples, there are metallic sites which are able to adsorb at the same time oxygen atoms and carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide and carbonate-like species are formed: the asymmetric stretching frequencies of CO2 and the quadrupole mass spectroscopic analysis reveal that with 18O2, different isotopic molecular CO2's are formed, while the carbonate-like species have the same frequencies of those produced in 16O2. Moreover, these species are completely lacking in the absence of oxygen in the gas phase. The experimental results indicate that there are, on these samples, two independent pathways for the CO oxidation, a direct oxidation of CO at the surface of the metallic particles and an induced oxidation with the surface lattice oxygen species of the supports.
Analysis of new step-up and step-down 18-pulse direct asymmetric autotransformer-rectifiers (2005)

This paper presents four new step-up and step-down 18-pulse direct asymmetric autotransformer rectifiers. The converters are designed to operate with variable frequency power supplies (400-800Hz), while meeting tight harmonic, power factor and output voltage requirements. The analysis takes into consideration the total number of windings used to achieve the step-up and step-down voltage gain-which determines the autotransformer structure and performance-the relative size of the windings as well as the total KVA ratings, and the existence of secondary-side series windings-which impact the commutation process of the diode bridges. A complete modeling procedure of the autotransformers is additionally presented with closed form expressions for all winding currents. Experimental results obtained with laboratory prototypes are used to validate the correct operation and high-performance of the proposed autotransformer rectifier units, where the polygon and delta-polygon autotransformer rectifiers showed the best results.
Solvent-free γ-valerolactone hydrogenation to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran catalysed by Ru/C: a reaction network analysis (2013)

2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) is considered to be an attractive biomass based platform chemical with high potential as a biofuel compound and as a green solvent. 2-MTHF can be synthesised from bio-based levulinic acid (LA) and γ-valerolactone (GVL). Herein the optimum reaction conditions for the hydrogenation of GVL over Ru/C have been studied. A full conversion of GVL has been obtained under solvent free conditions with a maximum yield of 2-MTHF of 43%. The optimized conditions have been employed in a mechanistic study of the synthesis of 2-MTHF. Several side reactions have been investigated to explore the full reaction network of this heterogeneously catalysed system and to elucidate the factors influencing product selectivity. Additionally an efficient solvent-free hydrogenation reaction of LA into 2-MTHF could be achieved delivering 90% conversion of LA with a yield of 2-MTHF of 61% by removing water from the system in a two-step approach.
Automatic speech synthesis unit generation with MLP based postprocessor against auto-segmented phoneme errors (2003)

The work presented is about the postprocessor, which improves the performance of an automatic speech segmentation system by correcting the phoneme boundary errors. The proposed postprocessor reduces the range of errors in the auto labeled results that are ready to be used directly as synthesis unit. Starting from a baseline automatic segmentation system, our proposed postprocessor trains the features of hand labeled results using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) algorithm. Then, the auto labeled result combined with the MLP postprocessor determines a new phoneme boundary. For phonetically rich sentences, we have achieved 19.9% improvement for the frame accuracy, comparing with the performance of a conventional automatic labeling system. Also, we have reduced the absolute error about 28.6%.
Delay testing and failure analysis of ECL logic with embedded memories (2002)

Two delay testing techniques, 'weighted random pattern' (WRP) test for logic and 'algorithmic pattern generation at the tester' (APG @ TT) for embedded memories are discussed. Several performance fails detected with these test techniques, escaping prior tests, are presented and potential failure modes predicted. AC probing techniques used to replicate the fails during failure analysis are featured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“License to Kill” Reflects Joint Action of CD4 and CD8 T Cells (2013)

The spontaneous T-cell responses to the KIF20A cancer-associated antigen found by Tomita and colleagues among peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cancer, but not healthy people, involve both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Synthetic long peptides of KIF20A stimulate synergy between these two T-cell types to promote cancer cell killing.
Isolation of an antidermatophytic substance from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. (1988)

Dihydrotanshinone I was isolated from a Chinese crude drug "Danshen" (the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza) as an antidermatophytic substance against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. This compound inhibited the mycelial growth of six dermatophytes completely at a concentration as low as 1.56 to 6.25 μg/ml, depending on species, whereas its congener cryptotanshinone was found to be active only against T. tonsulans var. sulfureum at 100 μg/ml. Cryptotanshione, however, was as active as dihydrotanshinone I against four species of gram-positive bacteria at 0.195-50 μg/ml.
Significance of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2013)

Objective To detect and evaluate the significance of physical indicator,biochemical indicator and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods 132 NAFLD patients and 132 healthy individuals were recruited.Height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured.The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),fasting serum glucose (GLU),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC) and uric acid (UA) were detected.Serum TNF-α levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with NAFLD and controls.The correlation between NAFLD and serum TNF-α was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.The risk factors of NAFLD were analyzed by logistic regression models.Results BMI [(25.37 ± 3.29) kg/m2],WC [(84.33 ± 11.00) cm],SBP [(134.93 ± 19.32) mmHg],DBP [(82.50 ± 13.33) mmHg],the levels of ALT [(24.59 ± 16.01) U/L],AST [(23.88 ± 10.56) U/L],UA [(322.96 ± 95.57) μmol/L],triglyceride [(1.69 ± 0.96) mmol/L] in the NAFLD group were evidently higher than those in control group [23.11 ±2.23 kg/m2,(78.00 ± 6.67) cm,(122.73 ± 17.64) mmHg,(75.35 ± 11.52) mmHg,(15.62 ± 10.64) U/L,(19.79 ± 5.68) U/L,(287.91 ± 93.16) μmol/L,(1.23 ± 0.74) mmol/L,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01].Serum TNF-α levels in the NAFLD group [(2.78 ± 1.46) pg/ml] were evidently higher than those in control group [(2.17 ± 1.21) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.05] and positively correlated with NAFLD (r value was 0.185,P ＜ 0.01).The levels of TNF-α,BMI,WC,SBP,DBP,ALT,AST,UA and TG were significantly different between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05),but the levels of GLU and CHOL were not significantly different.Multivariate logistic regress results showed that the levels of TNF-α,BMI and TG were the risk factors of NAFLD with [OR (95％ CI) of 1.826 (1.708-2.664),1.689 (1.542-1.891) and 1.437 (1.127-1.737),respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The levels of TNF-α were significantly increased in NAFLD patients.These results suggest that TNF-α might play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Key words: 
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;  Tumor necrosis factor-α;  Body mass index
Effects of Ambroxol on Spontaneous or Stimulated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Harvested from Patients With or Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (1999)

We examined the effects of ambroxol on spontaneous or stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells prepared from 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched control subjects without COPD. The ROS produced by BAL cells were measured by the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method. The application of ambroxol into culture media containing BAL cells inhibited spontaneous and stimulated generation of ROS by BAL cells harvested from COPD patients and control subjects in an ambroxol concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that ambroxol may be a candidate agent for reducing oxidant stresses of airways in COPD.
Can We Identify the High-Risk Patients to Be Screened? A Genetic Approach (2007)

Our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to colorectal cancer expands each year. Patients with a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer have significantly increased risks for developing this malignancy over their lifetime. These risks can approach an 80 to nearly 100% likelihood of colorectal malignancy with some of the known cancer predisposition syndromes [Burt and Neklason: Gastroenterology 2005;128:1696-1716 and Rowley: Annu Rev Med 2005;56:539-554]. Although these inherited syndromes have a genetic basis, affected individuals are often initially seen by medical professionals outside the genetics realm. Gastroenterologists in particular have a key role in identifying patients at high risk for an inherited colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome and referring them on for directed genetics evaluation. In this review, we will focus on the presenting features and recommended screening and treatment protocols for six syndromes that predispose to colorectal carcinoma. The underlying genetic basis of each syndrome will be discussed, as well as specific guidelines for patient identification. Familial adenomatous polyposis will be covered first, followed by Lynch syndrome, attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis, MYH-associated polyposis, hereditary mixed polyposis, and hyperplastic polyposis. Other rare syndromes (the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes) will be summarized in table form. Finally, we will give some general guidelines for when to first suspect colorectal cancer syndromes, a summary of family history taking techniques that can be used in the primary care setting and a review of the referral, genetics appointment and postgenetics consultation process. Through this review, we hope to show that the identification of high-risk patients is possible, though sometimes difficult.
The New Nationalisms (1999)

Journal Article The New Nationalisms Get access Gillian Brock Gillian Brock The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 82, Issue 3, 1 July 1999, Pages 367–386, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist199982315 Published: 16 December 2014