gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing the Effects of Conjugation Path on the Electronic Transmission through Single Molecules Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2005)

A systematic study of the relationship between the molecular structure of a series of thiol end-capped oligo-phenylenevinylenes (OPVs) and the coherent electronic transmission at the single molecule level was measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This reveals a significant change in the electronic transparency of various OPV derivatives due to the insertion of a methylene spacer group or due to nitro group substitution. Apparently, changes in the conjugation path through the central benzene ring from para to meta substitution does not have a profound effect on the electronic transparency of the molecules.
Big Data in Shipbuilding (2014)

Recent strides in data analytics have uncovered interesting and actionable correlations across many different industries. Organizations are finding opportunities for making more intelligent business decisions by enhancing data with new insights and sources of information. In many cases these insights are gleaned through deeper analytics of existing data. The relatively large amount of information generated through the shipbuilding enterprise, coupled with rapidly advancing methods for optimizing data capture, points to a rapid convergence on exploiting data analytics for enhanced business decision making. An ad-hoc working group was formed consisting of multiple US shipyards with broad representation across the NSRP to investigate opportunities to leverage modern data analytics.
Autoimmune and virus-induced demyelinating diseases. A review. (1978)

Patterns of demyelination are described in several autoimmune and virus-induced demyelinating diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system. Myelin can be destroyed by injuries that affect either the myelin-supporting cells and/or the myelin lamellae. After destruction of the supporting cells, the related disintegrating sheaths are stripped off axons by invading phagocytes. Virus-induced cytolysis can occur with or without participation of immune responses, as demonstrated in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy, respectively. Autoimmune demyelination is characterized by disintegration of myelin sheaths in periventular, mononuclear cell infiltrates. Myelin lamellae rather than the myelin-supporting cells are the target of the allergic reaction. The lamellae are lysed in focal areas when in contact with presumably sensitized mononuclear cells. The damaged sheaths are then removed in a nonspecific manner by invading macrophages that strip the myelin remnant off the axons. This sequence of changes is best revealed in experimental and human autoimmune demyelination of peripheral nerves, ie, allergic neuritis and idiopathic polyneutris (the Guillain-Barré syndrome). Autoimmune demyelination triggered by virus infection is described in Marek's disease and postinfectious Theiler's virus myelitis. Changes in canine distemper are discussed with reference to both autoimmune and virus-induced demyelination. The observations are compared with lesions in multiple sclerosis, the most common human demyelinating disease of unknown etiology.
Software Reflexion Models: Bridging the Gap between Source and High-Level Models (1995)

Software engineers often use high-level models (for instance, box and arrow sketches) to reason and communicate about an existing software system. One problem with high-level models is that they are almost always inaccurate with respect to the system&apos;s source code. We have developed an approach that helps an engineer use a high-level model of the structure of an existing software system as a lens through which to see a model of that system&apos;s source code. In particular, an engineer defines a high-level model and specifies how the model maps to the source. A tool then computes a software reflexion model that shows where the engineer&apos;s high-level model agrees with and where it differs from a model of the source. The paper provides a formal characterization of reflexion models, discusses practical aspects of the approach, and relates experiences of applying the approach and tools to a number of different systems. The illustrative example used in the paper describes the application of refle...
Characterization of apoptosis induced by protein kinase C inhibitors and its modulation by the caspase pathway in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (2000)

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL;M3) is a unique form of acute myelogenous leukaemia characterized by t(15;17) translocation. The induction of apoptosis via inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) has been recently viewed as a promising tool for the eradication of several malignant disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two different protein kinase C inhibitors, Gö6976 and safingol, on the induction of apoptosis in the APL cell line NB4 and its all trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant variant NB4.306. The effect of the PKC inhibitors on leukaemic cells obtained from three APL patients was also studied. We also evaluated the possible involvement of the caspases in apoptosis induced by PKC inhibitors. Significant time- and concentration-dependent apoptotic changes were demonstrated using Gö6976 and safingol. In addition, our results demonstrated that the caspases were involved in the apoptosis induced by the PKC inhibitors. In conclusion, our study illustrates that the PKC inhibitors Gö6976 and safingol induce apoptosis in APL and hence could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
A Methodology for the Reversible Solubilization of Fullerenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Methodology for the Reversible Solubilization of FullerenesYi-Zhong An, George A. Ellis, Argimiro L. Viado, and Yves RubinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6353–6361Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Classifying web search queries to identify high revenue generating customers (2012)

Traffic from search engines is important for most online businesses, with the majority of visitors to many websites being referred by search engines. Therefore, an understanding of this search engine traffic is critical to the success of these websites. Understanding search engine traffic means understanding the underlying intent of the query terms and the corresponding user behaviors of searchers submitting keywords. In this research, using 712,643 query keywords from a popular Spanish music website relying on contextual advertising as its business model, we use a k‐means clustering algorithm to categorize the referral keywords with similar characteristics of onsite customer behavior, including attributes such as clickthrough rate and revenue. We identified 6 clusters of consumer keywords. Clusters range from a large number of users who are low impact to a small number of high impact users. We demonstrate how online businesses can leverage this segmentation clustering approach to provide a more tailored consumer experience. Implications are that businesses can effectively segment customers to develop better business models to increase advertising conversion rates.
Synthesis and characterization of vesicles stabilized by polymerization of isocyano functions (1987)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 10063.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Neutralizing antibody responses drive the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope during recent HIV infection (2005)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) can rapidly escape from neutralizing antibody responses. The genetic basis of this escape in vivo is poorly understood. We compared the pattern of evolution of the HIV-1 env gene between individuals with recent HIV infection whose virus exhibited either a low or a high rate of escape from neutralizing antibody responses. We demonstrate that the rate of viral escape at a phenotypic level is highly variable among individuals, and is strongly correlated with the rate of amino acid substitutions. We show that dramatic escape from neutralizing antibodies can occur in the relative absence of changes in glycosylation or insertions and deletions ("indels") in the envelope; conversely, changes in glycosylation and indels occur even in the absence of neutralizing antibody responses. Comparison of our data with the predictions of a mathematical model support a mechanism in which escape from neutralizing antibodies occurs via many amino acid substitutions, with low cross-neutralization between closely related viral strains. Our results suggest that autologous neutralizing antibody responses may play a pivotal role in the diversification of HIV-1 envelope during the early stages of infection.
Foreign Governmental Control of Multinational Corporations Marketing in the United States (1974)

It seems appropriate to begin this discussion of foreign governmental control of multinational corporations marketing in the United States by briefly reviewing the structure of the petroleum industry and the historical events leading to the Arab oil embargo.
Spatiotemporal Gene Expression Targeting with the TARGET and Gene-Switch Systems in <i>Drosophila</i> (2004)

Targeted gene expression has become a standard technique for the study of biological questions in Drosophila . Until recently, transgene expression could be targeted in the dimension of either time or space, but not both. Several new systems have recently been developed to direct transgene expression simultaneously in both time and space. We describe here two such systems that we developed in our laboratory. The first system provides a general method for temporal and regional gene expression targeting (TARGET) with the conventional GAL4-upstream activator sequence (UAS) system and a temperature-sensitive GAL80 molecule, which represses GAL4 transcriptional activity at permissive temperatures. The second system, termed Gene-Switch, is based on a GAL4-progesterone receptor chimera that is hormone-inducible. We have used both systems for simultaneous spatial and temporal rescue of memory dysfunction in the rutabaga ( rut ) memory mutant of Drosophila . In this protocol, we provide guidelines for the use of these two novel systems, which should have general utility in studying Drosophila biology and in using the fly as a model for human disease.
Probabilistic Verifiers: Evaluating Constrained Nearest-Neighbor Queries over Uncertain Data (2008)

In applications like location-based services, sensor monitoring and biological databases, the values of the database items are inherently uncertain in nature. An important query for uncertain objects is the probabilistic nearest-neighbor query (PNN), which computes the probability of each object for being the nearest neighbor of a query point. Evaluating this query is computationally expensive, since it needs to consider the relationship among uncertain objects, and requires the use of numerical integration or Monte-Carlo methods. Sometimes, a query user may not be concerned about the exact probability values. For example, he may only need answers that have sufficiently high confidence. We thus propose the constrained nearest-neighbor query (C-PNN), which returns the IDs of objects whose probabilities are higher than some threshold, with a given error bound in the answers. The C-PNN can be answered efficiently with probabilistic verifiers. These are methods that derive the lower and upper bounds of answer probabilities, so that an object can be quickly decided on whether it should be included in the answer. We have developed three probabilistic verifiers, which can be used on uncertain data with arbitrary probability density functions. Extensive experiments were performed to examine the effectiveness of these approaches.
UNILATERAL BLINDNESS OCCURRING DURING ANESTHESIA FOR NEUROSURGICAL OPERATIONS (1954)

SUDDEN unilateral blindness can appear during general anesthesia. In the eight cases reported in this paper the blindness followed neurosurgical procedures. These clinical cases and a series of experiments on monkeys corroborate the theories promulgated by previous authors on the etiology of this occurrence, that it is due to inadvertent application of pressure to the orbital contents. All the patients in this series underwent operation at the Mayo Clinic during a 12-year period, from 1940 to February, 1952. No cases have occurred other than those reported, and none have appeared during other types of surgery. Each patient had a lesion which required a suboccipital or posterior cervical approach. The patient either sat or lay prone with the face cushioned on a wellpadded headrest. Intratracheal nitrous oxide and ether anesthesia was employed in every case. In spite of prolonged surgical procedures (two to six hours), the brachial blood pressure fell below
<i>Zoogloea ramigera</i>: A phylogenetically diverse species (1993)

Comparative sequence analysis of in vitro amplified 16S rRNA genes from three strains of Zoogloea ramigera demonstrated that they are phylogenetically quite diverse. Based on the 16S rRNA studies and on chemotaxonomic data from the literature it is now evident that Z. ramigera strain I-16-M (ATCC 19623, WS 1610), the former type strain, belongs to the alpha subclass of Proteobacteria, whereas the two other strains, ATCC 19544T (neotype strain) and ATCC 25935, are members of the beta subclass. Therefore, Z. ramigera strain I-16-M (ATCC 19623) has to be excluded from the genus Zoogloea since it does not belong to the same proteobacterial subclass as the type strain of the species Z. ramigera. Differences in their 16S rRNA sequences, in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties indicate that Z. ramigera strains ATCC 19544 and ATCC 25935 should be placed in different species.
Heterogeneous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform mRNA and receptor mRNA expression in human glomeruli, and the identification of VEGF148 mRNA, a novel truncated splice variant (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates increased vascular permeability and endothelial mitogenesis, and may orchestrate normal glomerular permselectivity and proteinuria. Distinct isoforms result from differential gene splicing. VEGF binds to two cell surface tyrosine-kinase receptors, KDR (kinase domain region) and Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1). The latter also exists in a soluble form (sFlt), which is inhibitory. We have studied patterns of VEGF-isoform and VEGF-receptor expression in isolated single normal human glomeruli. mRNA from 190 glomeruli (from 20 individuals) was harvested on to magnetic beads, and nested reverse transcription-PCR was performed using primers for the VEGF isoforms and VEGF receptors. Simultaneous nested reverse transcription-PCR for CD45 was conducted in order to exclude leucocyte contamination. Unexpected products were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Multiple patterns of glomerular VEGF mRNA isoform expression were identified. Most frequently (58%), all three common forms were expressed. VEGF(189) (i.e. 189-amino-acid form of VEGF) was expressed in 63%, VEGF(165) in 85% and VEGF(121) in 84% of glomeruli. Two unexpected PCR products were also identified: 18% of glomeruli expressed VEGF(145), and 27% of glomeruli expressed a new truncated VEGF splice variant, VEGF(148), lacking exon 6, the terminal part of exon 7 and exon 8. Multiple patterns of VEGF-receptor expression were also identified, the most common being expression of all three isoforms (28%). Overall, KDR was seen in 59% of glomeruli, Flt-1 in 45% and sFlt in 57%. Thus the expression of VEGF within normal glomeruli is complex and variable, with inter- and intra-individual variation. Furthermore, sFlt appears to be the co-dominant form of VEGF receptor expressed within glomeruli, suggesting that, in healthy individuals, a degree of VEGF autoregulation is the norm. The physiological importance of VEGF(148) remains to be confirmed.
Mucosal flora in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - an overview. (2009)

The intestinal flora harbors varies pathogens. Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene), Enterococci (endocarditis), Enterobacteriaceae (sepsis), Bacteroides (abscesses) are present in the large intestine of every healthy person in high concentrations. These bacteria are, however, separated from the colonic wall by an impenetrable mucus layer and are tolerated by the host. This separation is disturbed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where bacteria adhere to the mucosa and invade epithelial cells with concomitant inflammatory response. This chronic bowel inflammation can not subside as long as the mucus barrier remains defective. The inflammatory response interferes with the state of tolerance to the intestinal bacteria and leads to characteristic changes in the biostructure of the faecal microbiota. These changes in the biostructure of faecal microbiota are specific for active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) and can be longitudinally monitored. The reason for the defect of the mucus barrier in IBD patients is unclear. Epidemiologic studies indicate a negative role of western lifestyle and foods and document the rise in the incidence of IBD in the industrialized countries during the 20(th) century. In parallel to this, detergents were introduced in households and emulsifiers were increasingly added to food. The cleaning effect of these on the colonic mucus has to be investigated. The present contribution summarizes new data on the biostructure of the intestinal microbiota.
Of Marriage, Morals and Civility (2003)

George Whetstone’s An Heptameron of Civill Discourses (1582) tells the story of an English traveller in Italy, nicknamed Cavaliero Ismarito or ‘the wan-dring Knight’, who arrives at a palace about ten miles from Ravenna.1 It is Christmas, he is offered a warm welcome, and Signor Philoxenus, the lord of the castle, invites him to join in the company’s feasting and entertainment. Philoxenus’ sister, Madona Aurelia, is crowned the queen of the revels, and the subject of their entertainment, a ‘civill contention’, is ‘whether Mariage or the single lyfe, is the worthyer’ (sig. C2v). On the sixth day of his stay, Ismarito is introduced to the library of his host, which is said to come ‘very neare in excellencie, to the famous Lybrarie of Cosmos de Medicis in Florence: who imitated in his Monument, Ptolomey, surnamed Philodelphus: who had the seventie Interpreters of the Jewes, to translate the Sacred Bible, into the Egiptian Language: and with great dyllygence, soughte to have the severall Coppyes of all Bookes’ (sig. R4v).2 Philoxenus’ library is a model of humanist learning, containing theological texts which ‘cleared the mister of Ignoraunce, and unmasked the deceiptes of the superstitious Monkes, Friers & c.’, medical texts informing him ‘what meate and Medicine, agreede with his nature’, texts of civil law, military textbooks such as Vegetius’ De rei Militari, historical chronicles, and texts on cosmography and heraldry. Ismarito’s most detailed attention is reserved for those books which bear witness to his host’s civility:
Advanced superconducting gradiometer/Magnetometer arrays and a novel signal processing technique (1975)

Recent developments in superconducting magnetic gradiometer technology have led to the construction of advanced ultrasensitive gradiometer/magnetometer arrays. Details of construction techniques and data showing operational capabilities are presented. The most recent of the gradiometer/magnetometer arrays simultaneously measures five independent spatial gradients of the magnetic field and three vector components of the magnetic field. The measured signals from this array are subjected to a novel signal processing technique which provides detailed information about the magnetic signal source.
Data communications for business (1994)

Data Communications and the World of Business. Data Communication Basics. Data Communications Hardware. Data Transmission. Protocols, Protocol Analysis and Error Analysis Standards. Microcomputers. Using Local Area Networks for Communication within a Department or Building. Network Systems and Internetwork Connectivity. The Communications Services. Wide Area Networks. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Data Communications Network Management. Data Communications Systems' Reliability and Security.
Synthesis of γ-oxyprotoporphyrin IX and pterobiline (biliverdin IX<sub>γ</sub>) (1981)

The γ-meso-hydroxy-derivative of protopor-phyrin IX has been synthesised by condensation of a bis(formylpyrroly) ketone and a dispyrrolylmethane; the iron complex underwent oxidative ring-opening to give biliverdin IXγ(ptrobiline), the blue -green butterfly pigment, thus providing a modle for its biosynthesis.
Modified method for synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds and their real elemental composition (2008)

Modified technique for synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds by exploding a charge of high explosives in a water shell is described. Reducing agents are introduced into water. Their use enables solution of a number of problems: the carbon content of nanodiamonds is raised from 90 to 96 wt %, the content of incombustible admixtures is dramatically diminished from 3 to 0.1 wt %, and the yield of detonation nanodiamonds becomes two times higher. A new method for determining the elemental composition is described and the oxidation of nanodiamonds under heating in the presence of atmospheric oxygen is analyzed.
C-peptide and zinc delivery to erythrocytes requires the presence of albumin: implications in diabetes explored with a 3D-printed fluidic device (2015)

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) must administer insulin exogenously due to the destruction of their pancreatic β-cells. Endogenous insulin is stored in β-cell granules along with C-peptide, a 31 amino acid peptide that is secreted from these granules in amounts equal to insulin. Exogenous co-administration of C-peptide with insulin has proven to reduce diabetes-associated complications in animals and humans. The exact mechanism of C-peptide's beneficial effects after secretion from the β-cell granules is not completely understood, thus hindering its development as an exogenously administered hormone. Monitoring tissue-to-tissue communication using a 3D-printed microfluidic device revealed that zinc and C-peptide are being delivered to erythrocytes by albumin. Upon delivery, erythrocyte-derived ATP increased by >50%, as did endothelium-derived NO, which was measured downstream in the 3D-printed device. Our results suggest that hormone replacement therapy in diabetes may be improved by exogenous administration of a C-peptide ensemble that includes zinc and albumin.