gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure to release iron from transferrin in a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant pleiotropically defective in endocytosis. (1984)

A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant defective in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of several unrelated ligands (Robbins, A. R., S. S. Peng, and J. L. Marshall, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 96:1064-1071) failed to accumulate iron provided in the form of diferric transferrin. Analysis of the steps of the transferrin cycle indicated that binding and internalization of transferrin proceeded normally in mutant cells. However, the mutant appeared unable to dissociate iron from transferrin, as evidenced by release of diferric transferrin from the mutant versus apotransferrin from the parent. Uptake of ferric ions from the growth medium was enhanced in the mutant.
The <i>Drosophila sugarless</i> gene modulates Wingless signaling and encodes an enzyme involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis (1997)

We have identified and characterized a Drosophila gene, which we have named sugarless, that encodes a homologue of vertebrate UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for the biosynthesis of various proteoglycans, and we find that in the absence of both maternal and zygotic activities of this gene, mutant embryos develop with segment polarity phenotypes reminiscent to loss of either Wingless or Hedgehog signaling. To analyze the function of Sugarless in cell-cell interaction processes, we have focused our analysis on its requirement for Wingless signaling in different tissues. We report that sugarless mutations impair signaling by Wingless, suggesting that proteoglycans contribute to the reception of Wingless. We demonstrate that overexpression of Wingless can bypass the requirement for sugarless, suggesting that proteoglycans modulate signaling by Wingless, possibly by limiting its diffusion and thereby facilitating the binding of Wingless to its receptor. We discuss the possibility that tissue-specific regulation of proteoglycans may be involved in regulating both Wingless short- or long-range effects.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLASMA HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS, UDDER DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRODUCTION OF EARLY MAMMARY SECRETIONS IN TWIN‐BEARING EWES ON DIFFERENT PLANES OF NUTRITION (1987)

Ewes carrying twin fetuses were maintained during late pregnancy on a uniformly high plane (well fed), a uniformly low plane (underfed) or a low plane rising to a high plane (refed) of nutrition. The maternal plasma concentrations of hormones concerned with udder development, colostrum production and milk secretion were measured in samples obtained during the last 32 d before and the first 18 h after birth. Udder weights were derived from their linear dimensions, the yields of mammary secretions by hand milking during the first 18 h after birth and the transition from colostrum to milk was indicated by changes in the concentrations of lactose, lipid and immunoglobulin G. Underfeeding reduced prenatal udder development and colostrum accumulation and delayed the post-natal transition to milk secretion. Refeeding previously underfed ewes to a high plane during the last 5 d before birth had no effect on udder growth, but it did return the secretory functions of udder tissue to the levels observed in well-fed ewes. Nutritional effects on the plasma concentrations of insulin, placental lactogen, prolactin, cortisol and oestradiol-17 beta were small or absent. The relative changes in the plasma concentrations of growth hormone and insulin were such that the growth hormone: insulin ratio increased markedly during the last 11 d before birth in the underfed and refed ewes but not in the well-fed ewes. These differences in the growth hormone: insulin ratio were associated with greater increases in udder growth rate in the underfed and refed ewes than in the well-fed ewes. The plasma concentrations of progesterone decreased before birth in all ewes, but the decrease was delayed by underfeeding and refeeding rapidly overcame this effect. The slower progesterone withdrawal in the underfed ewes was associated with a delay in lactogenesis. It is concluded that the nutritionally induced changes in the growth hormone: insulin ratio and in the progesterone concentrations were the most likely endocrine determinants of the observed differences in the rates of mammogenesis and lactogenesis, respectively, but possible independent effects of substrate supply to the udder remain to be clarified.
Systems with uncertain input delay-design for robust stability and performance (1999)

A static state-feedback controller is designed for a system that includes an uncertain input delay and a conically-bounded state-dependent perturbation. The ultimate goal is to robustly stabilize the system with respect to all allowed delays and perturbations. In addition, the design seeks to satisfy a 2-norm constraint in the control input. The technique is based on satisfying sufficient conditions expressed as linear matrix inequalities (LMI). A Lyapunov-Razumikhin approach is employed in the stability analysis to produce one set of LMI, while the input constraint introduces another group of LMI. The method yields an analytical expression for a state-feedback gain matrix that stabilizes the closed-loop system for all uncertainties and satisfies the input constraints.
Feature extraction of temporal texture based on spatiotemporal motion trajectory (2002)

A framework and method are proposed to extract local features of a certain kind of naturally occurring, non-rigid motion pattern, referred to as temporal texture. To catch both the spatial and temporal features of this complex pattern, we focus on the surfaces of motion trajectories in spatiotemporal space derived from multiple frames of an image sequence, and represent the surfaces as a set of tangent planes of the surfaces. From the distribution of the tangent planes in local regions in time and space, spatial and temporal texture features are computed The features considered here include spatial arrangement of dominant contours, uniformity of velocity components, and trajectory run length. Experimental results show that the newly defined features have the capability of quantifying the features of complex motion patterns such as weather radar images.
A tool kit for molecular genetics of Kluyveromyces lactis comprising a congenic strain series and a set of versatile vectors (2009)

A set of different marker deletions starting with a ura3 derivative of the Kluyveromyces lactis type strain CBS2359 was constructed. After a first cross to obtain a strain with the opposite mating type that also carried a leu2 allele, continuous back-crosses were used to obtain a congenic strain series with different marker combinations, including deletions in KlHIS3, KlADE2 and KlLAC4. Enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were shown to behave very similarly to the original type strain and other K. lactis strains investigated previously. Moreover, a vector series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes flanked by loxP sites was constructed to be used as heterologous deletion cassettes in K. lactis, together with two plasmids for expression of Cre-recombinase for marker regeneration. To increase the frequency of homologous recombination, the Klku80 deletion was also introduced into the congenic strain series. A PCR-based method for determination of mating type is provided.
Recent results on the high intensity vertical multi-junction (VMJ) silicon solar cell (1995)

This paper discusses design features and characteristics of the vertical multi-junction (VMJ) silicon solar cell and presents recent test results. The VMJ cell is an integrally bonded, series-connected array of miniature vertical junction p+nn+ unit cells that are edge-illuminated. Its fabrication involves no photolithography and lends itself to low-cost volume production. The inherent high voltage and low series resistance output characteristics of the VMJ cell ensure high efficiencies at high solar intensities. High intensity flash testing data on an experimental 23 junction VMJ cell at 332 AM 1.5 suns intensity (33.2 W/cm2) with an efficiency of 19.2% is presented. This demonstrates its ability to operate efficiently at high solar intensities. Approximately 25% efficiency at 500 AM1.5 suns intensity is anticipated with on-going prototype development. The authors believe the VMJ cell technology provides technical and economic performances needed to make high concentration photovoltaics (HCPV) most cost-effective.
Vector bending sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings inscribed by an infrared femtosecond laser (2005)

A direction-sensitive bend sensor in standard single-mode fiber is demonstrated for the first time based on an axially-offset fiber Bragg grating, directly written by an infrared femtosecond laser.
Aggregation and Dispersion of Colloidal Suspensions by Inorganic Surfactants:  Effect of Chemical Speciation and Molecular Conformation (1997)

Polyphosphates are widely used as inorganic dispersants, but the mechanism of the dispersing is not well understood. In this study, the colloidal properties of fine alumina suspensions in water were studied at different pH conditions in the presence of linear chain polymetaphosphates. The chemical speciation and molecular conformation were probed using liquid and solid state 31P and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three regimes have been found: (i) Neutral pHlong-chain metaphosphates are partially anchored to the alumina surface. The negatively charged metaphosphate molecules extend from the particle surface to the solution to provide an effective electrosteric repulsion force that acts to disperse the colloidal particles. (ii) Low pHthe alumina particle surfaces hydrolyze and the dissolved species react with the surfactant to form amorphous aluminum phosphate gels. The reaction product causes bridging flocculation of the suspension. (iii) High pHpartial dissolution of alumina produces tetrahedrally bonded hydroxyaluminate anions, which induces the long-chain polymetaphosphates to dissociate into phosphate anions. Under these conditions, the metaphosphate no longer exhibits dispersion properties. A fundamental understanding of the particle−surfactant interactions in terms of adsorption, chemical reaction, and molecular conformation will provide insights for the rational design of more effective inorganic dispersants.
Transforming growth factor β<sub>1</sub> modulates angiotensin induced calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle (1995)

The modulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). [Ca2+]i in VSMC was measured using the fluorescent dye fura-2. When TGF beta 1 was applied 30s prior to Ang II, the Ang II-induced [Ca2+]i increase was significantly enhanced in VSMC from SHR (P < 0.05 compared to control), whereas after the preincubation with TGF beta 1 for 30 min, the Ang II-induced [Ca2+]i increase was significantly reduced in VSMC from both strains. Using the manganese-quenching technique, it was confirmed that short-term exposure to TGF beta 1 enhanced the Ang II-induced trans-plasma-membrane calcium influx in SHR. The inhibition of protein kinase C by calphostin C abolished the stimulatory effect of TGF beta 1 on the Ang II-induced [Ca2+]i increase. It is concluded that TGF beta 1 modulates the Ang II-induced calcium handling in VSMC.
Study of the virulence and cross-neutralization capability of recent porcine parvovirus field isolates and vaccine viruses in experimentally infected pregnant gilts (2007)

The pathogenicity of two recent German field isolates of Porcine parvovirus (PPV-27a and PPV-143a) and two vaccine viruses [PPV-NADL-2 and PPV-IDT (MSV)], which are used for the production of inactivated vaccines, was investigated by inoculation of pregnant sows at day 40 of gestation. Post-infection sera of these sows as well as antisera prepared in rabbits by immunization with the four above-mentioned PPV isolates and with the virulent strain PPV-Challenge (Engl.) were tested for their homologous and heterologous neutralization activities. All antisera had high neutralization activity against the vaccine viruses, the PPV-Challenge (Engl.) virus and PPV-143a, but much lower activity against PPV-27a. These results suggest that PPV-27a represents a new antigenic variant or type of PPV and vaccines based on the established vaccine viruses may not be fully protective against this field isolate. PPV-27a has been characterized based on the amino acid sequences of the capsid protein as a member of a new and distinct PPV cluster (Zimmermann et al., 2006). Interestingly, the homologous neutralizing antibody titres of the sera of all three pigs and both rabbits inoculated or immunized with PPV-27a were 100- to 1000-fold lower than the heterologous titres against any of the other viruses. The low homologous neutralizing antibody titres suggest a possible, yet undefined, immune escape mechanism of this PPV isolate.
Regulating immunity and inhibiting tumor growth by the recombinant peptide sPD-1-CH50. (2009)

Regulation of immune cells by sPD-1-CH50 has potential therapeutic value for the inhibition of invasion and growth of hepatoma.
Blood Transfusion and Immunomodulation :A Possible Mechanism (1993)

To induce an immunogenic response in vivo, an antigen-presenting (stimulator) cell must present both antigen-specific (class II MHC) and an accessory signal to the CD4 T cell. Failure to express the accessory signal has been shown in vitro to induce a state of specific unresponsiveness (anergy) in the T cell. We have shown that although stimulator cells in blood continue to express class II MHC molecules during refrigerated storage, their ability to present the accessory signal diminishes, reaching zero in all units tested by about 13 days. This implies that blood in excess of 2 weeks old should not alloimmunize but could induce some degree of immunosuppression. UV-B irradiation and, to a lesser extent, gamma-irradiation, were also shown to inhibit expression of the accessory signal by stimulator cells in blood.
Optimal Control of Distributed Computing Networks with Mixed-Cast Traffic Flows (2018)

Distributed computing networks, tasked with both packet transmission and processing, require the joint optimization of communication and computation resources. We develop a dynamic control policy that determines both routes and processing locations for packets upon their arrival at a distributed computing network. The proposed policy, referred to as Universal Computing Network Control (UCNC), guarantees that packets i) are processed by a specified chain of service functions, ii) follow cycle-free routes between consecutive functions, and iii) are delivered to their corresponding set of destinations via proper packet duplications. UCNC is shown to be throughput-optimal for any mix of unicast and multicast traffic, and is the first throughput-optimal policy for non-unicast traffic in distributed computing networks with both communication and computation constraints. Moreover, simulation results suggest that UCNC yields substantially lower average packet delay compared with existing control policies for unicast traffic.
Increasing Student Engagement and Attainment through the Implementation of Technology Enhanced Learning (2012)

Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) has emerged to be one of the latest "buzz" words, but within design and technology does "TEL" really have any significant impact upon improving students learning and subsequently their attainment? This article seeks to share aspects of some of the work recently undertaken by undergraduate trainee teachers from Edge Hill University during their professional teaching placements.
Leading Edge Vortex Flaps on Moderate Sweep Wings- UCAV, Flow Improvement at High Lift (2007)

There is a continuing need to explore and expand the design space for all categories of aircraft. With reference to UCAV’s and related HALE aircraft, stealth considerations impose sweep and taper constraints. At low speeds, high incidence is required for high CL. Flow may deteriorate and pitch-up may occur and this will limit the design capability. On flying wing type planforms, conventional means (stabilising tailplanes) are not usually available to prevent this type of behaviour. We have previously carried out a fair amount of work on Leading Edge Vortex Flaps (LEVF) on various configurations (moderate to high sweep), experimentally and theoretically. Such devices can be used in sympathy with the onset of separated (vortical) flow to turn a possibly major disadvantage into a distinct advantage. They can be used towards reducing drag or enhancing CLmax. The applicability is to Flying wings / oblique wings and conventional wings or where high lift may be limiting. Incorporation may be over the whole or part span. The LEVF could also be classed as part of the morphing scene. Some of the early ideas on LEVF may be relevant and could be adapted to conventional and unconventional UCAV wings. Incorporation on stealthy wings needs careful consideration. It may be that we are restricted to hinge-lines / break-lines over the upper surface. Over the years, we have developed a series of design and analysis methods that can be used with much more confidence when considering LEVF on UCAV type configurations. The techniques have proved easy to use. The design process is iterative and allows modifications to geometry and aerodynamic characteristics as required at any stage. Favourable characteristics of the configuration can be enhanced whereas those that are not beneficial can be minimised or avoided as the design progresses. We have considered two planforms, each applicable to high speed UAV/UCAV operation. One has straight swept LE (Λ=42.8, AR=3.71), the other has LE kink (Λ=54.5/34.6, AR=3.61). The latter is similar to current Blended Wing Body (BWB) concepts. Panel methods have been used to rapidly define the wing and LEVF geometries. The aerodynamic performance of the designed configuration has been verified using Euler analyses and good correlation has been obtained. Several avenues of further work and development have arisen.
Tackling soil diversity with the assembly of large, complex metagenomes (2014)

The large volumes of sequencing data required to sample deeply the microbial communities of complex environments pose new challenges to sequence analysis. De novo metagenomic assembly effectively reduces the total amount of data to be analyzed but requires substantial computational resources. We combine two preassembly filtering approaches--digital normalization and partitioning--to generate previously intractable large metagenome assemblies. Using a human-gut mock community dataset, we demonstrate that these methods result in assemblies nearly identical to assemblies from unprocessed data. We then assemble two large soil metagenomes totaling 398 billion bp (equivalent to 88,000 Escherichia coli genomes) from matched Iowa corn and native prairie soils. The resulting assembled contigs could be used to identify molecular interactions and reaction networks of known metabolic pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology database. Nonetheless, more than 60% of predicted proteins in assemblies could not be annotated against known databases. Many of these unknown proteins were abundant in both corn and prairie soils, highlighting the benefits of assembly for the discovery and characterization of novelty in soil biodiversity. Moreover, 80% of the sequencing data could not be assembled because of low coverage, suggesting that considerably more sequencing data are needed to characterize the functional content of soil.
Intralesional PV‐10 for in‐transit melanoma—A single‐center experience (2016)

Background and Objectives Patients with in‐transit melanoma metastasis have longer median survival than patients with distant metastatic disease. Furthermore, local disease control is an important endpoint for symptom management. The treatment of unresectable loco‐regional recurrence or in‐transit disease has been historically managed with a combination of treatments including surgery, radiotherapy, isolated limb infusion or perfusion as well as systemic therapies. Intralesional PV‐10 has been used at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre since 2010, and the current report presents a retrospective analysis of patient outcomes, reporting the response rates, durability of responses, and observed toxicities. Methods Records were analyzed retrieving details of 19 patients treated with PV‐10 over a 4‐year period from 2010 to 2014. Medical records were reviewed for these patients and data extracted. Results Nineteen patients with in‐transit melanoma were treated with intralesional PV‐10 between 2010 and 2014. Disease control (complete or partial response or disease stability) was achieved in 68% of patients with 26% having a complete response. This was achieved with minimal associated toxicity. Conclusions PV‐10 is an effective, durable, well‐tolerated treatment tool with an acceptable side effect profile for the management of unresectable in‐transit melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:380–384 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin superlattices and band-gap discontinuities: The (110) diamond<i>–</i>boron nitride interface (1988)

The recent progress in chemical-vapor deposition of diamond on a variety of substrates suggests that diamond may soon be incorporated into electronic devices. As a first step in the investigation of interfaces involving diamond, the linear augmented-plane-wave method is applied to calculate the electronic structure and band-edge discontinuities at the (110) interface of diamond and BN. The use of core levels in identifying the valence-band discontinuity is investigated. By studying N-layer/N-layer C/BN (110) superlattices with N=1, 3, and 5 it is found that three layers of each material are sufficient to give a central layer which has a core-level position nearly representative of the bulk. The calculated valence-band discontinuity is 1.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 eV, which (using the experimental band gaps of 5.5 eV for diamond and \ensuremath{\sim}6.2 for BN) leaves a conduction-band discontinuity of 0.7 eV. Due to the heteropolar potential in BN, the lowest conduction band at the interface is the X-point band in BN in spite of the smaller band gap of diamond. This study also shows that the average interstitial potentials in diamond and BN are nearly identical, which suggests another possibility for estimating band discontinuities from bulk quantities alone. The effects of strain at a diamond-on-BN heterojunction are discussed briefly.