gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channelized hotelling observer performance for penalized-likelihood image reconstruction (2004)

What type of regularization method is optimal for penalized-likelihood image reconstruction when the imaging task is signal detection based on a channelized Hotelling (CHO) observer? To answer such questions, one would like to have a simple analytical expression (even if approximate) for the performance (SNR) of the CHO observer given different reconstruction methods. Bonetto, Qi, and Leahy (IEEE T-NS, Aug. 2000) derived and validated one such expression for penalized-likelihood (aka MAP) reconstruction and the Signal Known Exactly (SKE) problem using linearizations and local shift-invariance approximations. This paper describes a further simplification of the analytical SNR expression for the more general case of a Gaussian-distributed signal. This simplification, based on frequency-domain decompositions, greatly reduces computation time and thus can facilitate analytical comparisons between reconstruction methods in the context of detection tasks. It also leads to the very interesting result that regularization is not essential in this context for a large family of linear observers.
Dynamic Load Balancing in Hierarchical Parallel Database Systems (1996)

Programme 1 - Architectures paralleles, bases de donnees, reseaux et systemes distribues. Projet Rodin
Properties of chemical vapor infiltration diamond deposited in a diamond powder matrix (1994)

Densifying nonmined diamond powder precursors with diamond produced by chemical vapor infiltration is an attractive approach for forming thick diamond deposits that avoids many potential manufacturability problems associated with predominantly chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. We have developed two techniques: electrophoretic deposition and screen printing, to form diamond powder precursors on substrates. We then densify these precursors in a hot filament assisted reactor. Analysis indicates that a hot-filament-assisted chemical vapor infiltration process forms intergranular diamond deposits with properties that are to some degree different from predominantly hot-filament-assisted CVD material.
Sex-Specific Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain (2010)

Genomic imprinting results in preferential gene expression from paternally versus maternally inherited chromosomes. We used a genome-wide approach to uncover sex-specific parent-of-origin allelic effects in the adult mouse brain. Our study identified preferential selection of the maternally inherited X chromosome in glutamatergic neurons of the female cortex. Moreover, analysis of the cortex and hypothalamus identified 347 autosomal genes with sex-specific imprinting features. In the hypothalamus, sex-specific imprinted genes were mostly found in females, which suggests parental influence over the hypothalamic function of daughters. We show that interleukin-18, a gene linked to diseases with sex-specific prevalence, is subject to complex, regional, and sex-specific parental effects in the brain. Parent-of-origin effects thus provide new avenues for investigation of sexual dimorphism in brain function and disease.
A new synthesis of 4-substituted isoquinolines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthesis of 4-substituted isoquinolinesDavid E. Minter and Michael A. ReCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2653–2655Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Method for semiconductor process optimization using functional representations of spatial variations and selectivity (2002)

The authors present a methodology for determining the optimal equipment settings for a processing step based on experiment designs and model-based optimization. The proposed method for semiconductor process optimization uses two-layered models. The first layer involves creating a spatial model-one for each film of interest-of the etch results. The second layer maps the coefficients of the spatial models to equipment settings. All this is done before any optimization scheme is employed. The process engineer then may optimize the etch process by maximizing coefficients which contribute to the desired maximum etch rate, while minimizing coefficients which contribute to nonuniformity. He also may minimize coefficients which represent undesired etches, and thus obtain etch selectivity. The results of a study of a plasma-assisted silicon nitride etch step are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atherosclerotic lesions in humans. In situ immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune mediated response. (1989)

The immunophenotypical features of the cellular infiltrates in different types of human atherosclerotic lesions, including diffuse intimal thickening as a potential but controversial precursor lesion, have been examined using monoclonal antibodies. Special emphasis is put on monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and their possible interactions. Immuno-double staining techniques have been employed to study these aspects. T lymphocytes and macrophages were detected in diffuse intimal thickening, fatty streaks, and atheromatous plaques. In some lesions a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes was found, whereas in other lesions mixtures of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells and T helper/inducer cells were found in ratios varying from 1:1 to 4:1. A substantial number of T cells and macrophages was considered to be immunoactivated because of the expression of HLA-DR and, to a lesser extent, of I12 receptor molecules. The activation was particularly evident at sites of close cell-to-cell contact between monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes. These observations suggest that a specific in situ immune mediated hypersensitivity reaction is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
Hollow-cone Foucault imaging method (2019)

A hollow-cone Foucault (HCF) imaging method using Lorentz microscopy was developed. Hollow-cone illumination was realized by using deflectors above the specimen and an inclined electron beam circulating with respect to the optical axis. The advantage of the HCF method, having the bright and dark-field modes, is that it can simultaneously visualize both magnetic domains and magnetic domain walls under the in-focus condition. Furthermore, schlieren images, obtained under the specific inclination angle of the illumination beam by adjusting the angle between the bright-field and dark-field modes, can qualitatively visualize the electromagnetic fields in spaces around the specimen.
Efficient phenol removal of wastewater from phenolic resin plants using crosslinked cyclodextrin particles (2006)

Abstract Removal of phenolic compounds from a raw industrial wastewater from phenolic resin processing, of which the components are phenol (8.9 wt%), m ‐ and p ‐cresols (0.33 wt%), and xylenols (0.044 wt%), was carried out by using crosslinked cyclodextrin particles as a sorbent. A series of sorbents was prepared by varying the combination of cyclodextrin (CyD), β‐CyD, γ‐CyD, Mix‐CyD (α‐CyD:β‐CyD:γ‐CyD:dextrin = 30:10:10:50 wt/wt), the crosslinker, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or toluene‐2,6‐diisocyanate, and their molar ratio in the reaction batch. The removal of the phenolic compounds from raw industrial wastewater was an instantaneous process and was completed within about 5 min. The best removal efficiency was obtained by the crosslinked β‐CyD with HDI in a 1:8 molar ratio or the crosslinked Mix‐CyD with HDI, also in a 1:8 molar ratio. The prepared sorbents were efficiently regenerated by elution of the adsorbed phenols from the crosslinked polymers with methanol. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Distributed agile: Component-based user acceptance testing (2016)

Testing is conducted at multiple levels during the development of software. User Acceptance Testing conforms that the software meets user's criteria. In this paper, User Acceptance Testing is automatically conducted based on acceptance criteria. The acceptance criteria are written in the form of Given-When-Then Template. These acceptance criteria are broken down into steps and numbered. The dependencies among the steps are determined as Given->When->Then. Henceforth, the steps are arranged in a dependency graph. This graph further leads to the creation of a decision table in which the outcome of one step leads to the outcomes of its dependent steps. The decision table forms the basis of generation of a binary weighted dependency tree. This tree becomes the means to form test coverage (number of combinations to test) which forms the basis of generation of acceptance test cases.
Changes in end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension following sodium bicarbonate administration: Correlation with cardiac output and haemoglobin concentration (1995)

An intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) forms excess CO2, resulting in an immediate increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2). We hypothesized that the time until PETCO2 reached a maximum, and the magnitude of the increase in PETCO2 are influenced by cardiac output and haemoglobin concentration, respectively. To test this hypothesis, we examined changes in PETCO2 following an intravenous administration of NaHCO3 at different levels of cardiac output and haemoglobin concentration. We administered 0.2 mmol.kg-1 of 8.4% NaHCO3 into the vena cava in 15 anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation of 20 breaths per min. Cardiac output was increased by dopamine infusion, and decreased by blood withdrawal under halothane anaesthesia. Haemoglobin concentrations were changed by haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch. When control measurements were taken, time-max (the time until the increase in PETCO2 reached a maximum) was 4 +/- 0.2 breaths-time, and delta CO2-max (the magnitude of the increase in PETCO2) was 0.90 +/- 0.04 kPa (6.6 +/- 0.3 mmHg). Cardiac output was inversely correlated with time-max (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001), while it revealed a poor correlation with delta CO2-max. Haemoglobin concentration showed a significant correlation with delta CO2-max (r = 0.736, P < 0.005), but not with time-max. We concluded that the time course and the magnitude of changes in PETCO2 following intravenous administration of NaHCO3 reflect changes in cardiac output and haemoglobin concentration, respectively.
A Multimedia Information System for IC Failure Analysis (1993)

An object-oriented approach for constructing an IC failure analysis system environment named Multi-ICFA is described. The MultiICFA enables the failure analyst to manage IC analysis information, which consists of video, graphical plot, film, image, and text description, through a user interface. In this paper, the characteristics of failure analysis in an IC device are described and a process of failure analysis, which is currently used by an IC manufacturer, is given. The architecture of the MultiICFA is outlined, which focuses on modelling and management of data. An object-oriented approach to design is adopted in the implementation of the system. The goal of the system is to enable the failure analyst to formulate event-driven queries through the user interface in order to display the test results of faulty IC devices.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Electrical and Optical Properties of Cd <sub>2</sub> SnO <sub>4</sub> Films (1993)

Cd2SnO4 (CTO) films prepared by radio-frequency reactive sputtering from a Cd-Sn alloy target in Ar-O2 mixtures have been found to be a n-type degenerate semiconductor in which oxygen vacancies provide the donor states and free carrier concentration is up to 4.46× 1026 / m3. The films were annealed at temperature up to 500° C in stable Ar flow. Large Burstein shift has been observed in the visible transmission spectra. Photoluminescence spectrum measurement indicates the intrinsic optical gap of crystalline CTO is about 2.156eV. Analysis of electrical and optical data on CTO films before and after heat treatment leads to a calculated optical band gap in the range of 2.37-2.64eV and an effective mass 0.22-0.48 of the free electron mass.
Occurrence and Characterization of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC) in Retail Ready-to-Eat Foods in China (2015)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that potentially causes infant and adult diarrhea. The occurrence and characteristics of EPEC in retail ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have not been thoroughly investigated in China. This study aimed to investigate EPEC occurrence in retail RTE foods sold in the markets of China and to characterize the isolated EPEC by serotyping, virulence gene analyses, antibiotic susceptibility test, and molecular typing based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). From May 2012 to April 2013, 459 RTE food samples were collected from retail markets in 24 cities of China. E. coli in general, and EPEC specifically, were detected in 144 (31.4%) and 39 (8.5%) samples, respectively. Cold vegetable in sauce was the food type most frequently contaminated with EPEC (18.6%). Of 39 EPEC isolates, 38 were atypical EPEC (eae+) and 1 was typical EPEC (eae+bfpA+) by multiplex PCR assays. The virulence genes espA, espB, tir, and iha were detected in 12, 9, 2, and 1 of 39 isolates, respectively, while genes toxB, etpD, katP, and saa were not detected. O-antigen serotyping results showed that among 28 typeable isolates, the most common serotype was O119, followed by O26, O111, and O128. Many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (64.1%; 25/39), ampicillin (48.7%; 19/39), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (48.7%; 19/39). ERIC-PCR indicated high genetic diversity in EPEC strains, which classified 42 strains (39 isolates and 3 reference strains) into 32 different profiles with a discrimination index of 0.981. The findings of this study highlight the need for close surveillance of the RTE foods at the level of production, packaging, and storage to minimize risks of foodborne disease.
Characteristics of a DC-DC Converter Using a Thin Film Microtransformer and a Microinductor (1994)

A thin-film microtransformer and a microinductor were fabricated, using photolithographic techniques for all processes. The microtransformer and microinductor are the same size, 3.5×3.9×0.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and both have a layered structure with circular spiral windings between the upper and lower CoFeSiB films. The microtransformer and microinductor were mounted on a primary controlled forward converter, and the converter was operated at high frequencies between 6 and 10 MHz with a load resistance of 51 Ω; an output voltage of 1.9 V was obtained for an input voltage of 6 V. This result is important as a first step toward developing a microconverter in which transformers, inductors, capacitors, and rectifier diodes are integrated monolithically.
Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for CD44 (2013)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells express high levels of CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein receptor for hyaluronic acid. We found that a humanized mAb specific for CD44 (RG7356) was directly cytotoxic for leukemia B cells, but had little effect on normal B cells. Moreover, RG7356 could induce CLL cells that expressed the zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) to undergo caspase-dependent apoptosis, independent of complement or cytotoxic effector cells. The cytotoxic effect of this mAb was not mitigated when the CLL cells were cocultured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or hyaluronic acid or when they were stimulated via ligation of the B-cell receptor with anti-µ. RG7356 induced rapid internalization of CD44 on CLL cells at 37 °C, resulting in reduced expression of ZAP-70, which we found was complexed with CD44. Administration of this mAb at a concentration of 1 mg/kg to immune-deficient mice engrafted with human CLL cells resulted in complete clearance of engrafted leukemia cells. These studies indicate that this mAb might have therapeutic activity, particularly in patients with CLL that express ZAP-70.
A General Framework for Multi-vehicle Cooperative Localization Using Pose Graph (2017)

When a vehicle observes another one, the two vehicles' poses are correlated by this spatial relative observation, which can be used in cooperative localization for further increasing localization accuracy and precision. To use spatial relative observations, we propose to add them into a pose graph for optimal pose estimation. Before adding them, we need to know the identities of the observed vehicles. The vehicle identification is formulated as a linear assignment problem, which can be solved efficiently. By using pose graph techniques and the start-of-the-art factor composition/decomposition method, our cooperative localization algorithm is robust against communication delay, packet loss, and out-of-sequence packet reception. We demonstrate the usability of our framework and effectiveness of our algorithm through both simulations and real-world experiments using three vehicles on the road.
Detection of Anions by Normal Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Cationic-Coated Substrates (2003)

The use of normal Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of cationic-coated silver and gold substrates to detect polyatomic anions in aqueous environments is examined. For normal Raman spectroscopy, using near-infrared excitation, linear concentration responses were observed. Detection limits varied from 84 ppm for perchlorate to 2600 ppm for phosphate. In general, detection limits in the ppb to ppm concentration range for the polyatomic anions were achieved using cationic-coated SERS substrates. Adsorption of the polyatomic anions on the cationic-coated SERS substrates was described by a Frumkin isotherm. The SERS technique could not be used to detect dichromate, as this anion reacted with the coatings to form thiol esters. A competitive complexation method was used to evaluate the interaction of chloride ion with the cationic coatings. Hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions play significant roles in the selectivity of the cationic coatings.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Hydroxyl-Directed C−H Olefination Enabled by Monoprotected Amino Acid Ligands (2010)

A novel Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho-C-H olefination protocol has been developed using spatially remote, unprotected tertiary, secondary, and primary alcohols as the directing groups. Mono-N-protected amino acid ligands were found to promote the reaction, and an array of olefin coupling partners could be used. When electron-deficient alkenes were used, the resulting olefinated intermediates underwent subsequent Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative intramolecular cyclization to give the corresponding pyran products, which could be converted into ortho-alkylated alcohols under hydrogenolysis conditions. The mechanistic details of the oxidative cyclization step are discussed and situated in the context of the overall catalytic cycle.
DrugScore <sup>CSD</sup> Knowledge-Based Scoring Function Derived from Small Molecule Crystal Data with Superior Recognition Rate of Near-Native Ligand Poses and Better Affinity Prediction (2005)

Following the formalism used for the development of the knowledge-based scoring function DrugScore, new distance-dependent pair potentials are obtained from nonbonded interactions in small organic molecule crystal packings. Compared to potentials derived from protein-ligand complexes, the better resolved small molecule structures provide relevant contact data in a more balanced distribution of atom types and produce potentials of superior statistical significance and more detailed shape. Applied to recognizing binding geometries of ligands docked into proteins, this new scoring function (DrugScore(CSD)) ranks the crystal structures of 100 protein-ligand complexes best among up to 100 generated decoy geometries in 77% of all cases. Accepting root-mean-square deviations (rmsd) of up to 2 angstroms from the native pose as well-docked solutions, a correct binding mode is found in 87% of the cases. This translates into an improvement of the new scoring function of 57% with respect to the retrieval of the crystal structure and 20% with respect to the identification of a well-docked ligand pose compared to the original Protein Data Bank-based DrugScore. In the analysis of decoy geometries of cross-docking studies, DrugScore(CSD) shows equivalent or increased performance compared to the original PDB-based DrugScore. Furthermore, DrugScore(CSD) predicts binding affinities convincingly. Reducing the set of docking solutions to examples that deviate increasingly from the native pose results in a loss of performance of DrugScore(CSD). This indicates that a necessary prerequisite to successfully resolving the scoring problem with a more discriminative scoring function is the generation of highly accurate ligand poses, which approximate the native pose to below 1 angstroms rmsd, in a docking run.
<i>Escherichia coli:</i> The Fecal Coliform (1977)

The use of Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal pollution and the significance of its presence in surface waters was reviewed. A minidefinition which identifies this organism at least 95 percent of the time was proposed. Membrane filtration and most probable number methods for the enumeration of E. coli were discussed.
Detection of Cancerous and Non-cancerous Skin by using GLCM Matrix and Neural Network Classifier (2015)

Day by day the use of image processing is increasing. Now a days image processing is the part and parcel of medical science. By image processing many types of cancer are easily detected. Skin cancer is one of them. In this paper the proposed method detects two types of skin one is cancerous skin and another is affected but not cancerous skin. Skin cancers are most common cancer in human. Skin cancers are curable cancer after early detection. The system can distinguish cancerous skin and non-cancerous skin based on some values of features. Some value extracted from Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). GLCM features include Contrast, Correlation, Energy, Entropy and Homogeneity.