gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemodiversity of Surface Flavonoids in Solanaceae (2005)

Several species of Nicotiana and Solanum and further members of the Solanaceae have been examined for their exudate flavonoids. Most of the aglycones are widespread flavonols, but rare and unusual flavonols were also found, e.g. in exudates of Physalis and Solanum species. Flavones occur throughout the family, but flavanones are rare. Our data are presented in comparison to previous results. The chemodiversity of the observed structures is discussed in relation to literature reports. Morphological and systematic aspects are briefly addressed.
Cross-layer interference minimization-oriented channel assignment in IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2011)

IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) are widely deployed nowadays in home and urban areas. To solve the problem of radio frequency scarcity, interference minimization-oriented channel assignment has been very much explored at PHY layer. However, the effect of time domain simultaneous transmission on the neighboring interference is rarely considered. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer channel assignment algorithm for newly deployed access point (AP) initial setting up in high-density WLANs. Compared to the conventional algorithms which only focus on PHY layer, our proposed algorithm jointly analyzes the time domain overlap from MAC layer and frequency domain overlap at PHY layer to minimize the neighboring interference, which is the fatal reason of network Quality of Service (QoS) reduction. We also modify the beacon frame to support real-time information collection for channel assignment. Simulation results are provided to validate the proposed cross-layer channel assignment algorithm.
Ultra‐Tuning of the Rare‐Earth fcu‐MOF Aperture Size for Selective Molecular Exclusion of Branched Paraffins (2015)

Abstract Using isoreticular chemistry allows the design and construction of a new rare‐earth metal (RE) fcu ‐MOF with a suitable aperture size for practical steric adsorptive separations. The judicious choice of a relatively short organic building block, namely fumarate, to bridge the 12‐connected RE hexanuclear clusters has afforded the contraction of the well‐defined RE‐ fcu ‐MOF triangular window aperture, the sole access to the two interconnected octahedral and tetrahedral cages. The newly constructed RE (Y 3+ and Tb 3+ ) fcu ‐MOF analogues display unprecedented total exclusion of branched paraffins from normal paraffins. The resultant window aperture size of about 4.7 Å, regarded as a sorbate‐size cut‐off, enabled a complete sieving of branched paraffins from normal paraffins. The results are supported by collective single gas and mixed gas/vapor adsorption and calorimetric studies.
Home Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes: Is It a Waste of Time? (1994)

A cross-sectional study to assess home glucose monitoring practices was conducted in 200 non-insulin-treated diabetic patients consecutively attending our hospital clinic. Of the 200, 97 (48%) patients (Group 1) regularly monitored urine (n = 74), blood (n = 19) or both (n = 4); 103 (52%) patients (Group 2) performed no home monitoring. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, duration of diabetes and type of treatment. The prevalence of diabetic complications was also closely comparable and only peripheral neuropathy differed between the groups, being more common in Group 1 (n = 12) than Group 2 (n = 4); p < 0.05. There was also no significant difference between the HbA1 concentration (mean +/- SD) in Group 1 (9.7 +/- 2.2%) and Group 2 (9.4 +/- 2.0%). The mean frequency of home monitoring was four tests weekly, but only 21 (22%) kept a written record and 60 (62%) would never alter their treatment on the basis of their results. Almost a third of patients could not interpret the results of monitoring or give the normal range of values. Home glucose monitoring, particularly of urine, is widely practised in Type 2 diabetes, at considerable overall expense. However, convincing evidence of its value in helping patients improve their blood glucose control or preventing the complications of the disease is lacking.
Disentangling semantics in language through VAEs and a certain architectural choice (2020)

We present an unsupervised method to obtain disentangled representations of sentences that single out semantic content. Using modified Transformers as building blocks, we train a Variational Autoencoder to translate the sentence to a fixed number of hierarchically structured latent variables. We study the influence of each latent variable in generation on the dependency structure of sentences, and on the predicate structure it yields when passed through an Open Information Extraction model. Our model could separate verbs, subjects, direct objects, and prepositional objects into latent variables we identified. We show that varying the corresponding latent variables results in varying these elements in sentences, and that swapping them between couples of sentences leads to the expected partial semantic swap.
Imperfect Information Dynamic Stackelberg Game Based Resource Allocation Using Hidden Markov for Cloud Computing (2016)

Existing static grid resource scheduling algorithms, which are limited to minimizing the makespan, cannot meet the needs of resource scheduling required by cloud computing. Current cloud infrastructure solutions provide operational support at the level of resource infrastructure only. When hardware resources form the virtual resource pool, virtual machines are deployed for use transparently. Considering the competing characteristics of multi-tenant environments in cloud computing, this paper proposes a cloud resource allocation model based on an imperfect information Stackelberg game (CSAM-IISG) using a hidden Markov model (HMM) in a cloud computing environment. CSAM-IISG was shown to increase the profit of both the resource supplier and the applicant. Firstly, we used the HMM to predict the service provider's current bid using the historical resources based on demand. Through predicting the bid dynamically, an imperfect information Stackelberg game (IISG) was established. The IISG motivates service providers to choose the optimal bidding strategy according to the overall utility, achieving maximum profits. Based on the unit prices of different types of resources, a resource allocation model is proposed to guarantee optimal gains for the infrastructure supplier. The proposed resource allocation model can support synchronous allocation for both multi-service providers and various resources. The simulation results demonstrated that the predicted price was close to the actual transaction price, which was lower than the actual value in the game model. The proposed model was shown to increase the profits of service providers and infrastructure suppliers simultaneously.
Antireflective Coatings for Glass and Transparent Polymers (2016)

Antireflective coatings (ARCs) are applied to reduce surface reflections. We review coatings that reduce the reflection of the surface of the transparent substrates float glass, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate. Three main coating concepts exist to lower the reflection at the interface of a transparent substrate and air: multilayer interference coatings, graded index coatings, and quarter-wave coatings. We introduce and discuss these three concepts, and zoom in on porous quarter-wave coatings comprising colloidal particles. We extensively discuss the four routes for introducing porosity in quarter-wave coatings through the use of colloidal particles, which have the highest potential for application: (1) packing of dense nanospheres, (2) integration of voids through hollow nanospheres, (3) integration of voids through sacrificial particle templates, and (4) packing of nonspherical nanoparticles. Finally, we address the remaining challenges in the field of ARCs, and elaborate on potential strategies for future research in this area.
CD8+ T-cell response to NY-ESO-1: relative antigenicity and in vitro immunogenicity of natural and analogue sequences. (2001)

We have shown previously that HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients can frequently develop a CTL response to the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1. In the present study, we have analyzed in detail the relative antigenicity and in vitro immunogenicity of natural and modified NY-ESO-1 peptide sequences. The results of this analysis revealed that, although suboptimal for binding to the HLA-A*0201 molecule, peptide NY-ESO-1 157-165 is, among natural sequences, very efficiently recognized by specific CTL clones derived from three melanoma patients. In contrast, peptides NY-ESO-1 157-167 and NY-ESO-1 155-163, which bind very strongly to HLA-A*0201, are recognized less efficiently. In agreement with previous data, substitution of peptide NY-ESO-1 157-165 COOH-terminal C with various other amino acids resulted in a significantly increased binding to HLA-A*0201 molecules as well as in an increased CTL recognition, although variable at the clonal level. Among natural peptides, NY-ESO-1 157-165 and NY-ESO-1 157-167 exhibited good in vitro immunogenicity, whereas peptide NY-ESO-1 155-163 was poorly immunogenic. The fine specificity of interaction between peptide NY-ESO-1 C165A, HLA-A*0201, and T-cell receptor was analyzed at the molecular level using a series of variant peptides containing single alanine substitutions. The findings reported here have significant implications for the formulation of NY-ESO-1-based vaccines as well as for the monitoring of either natural or vaccine-induced NY-ESO-1-specific CTL responses in cancer patients.
Fertility of Deep-frozen Maize (Zea mays L.) Pollen (1981)

On average, 50 per cent of maize pollen grains can be kept viable and almost 30 per cent remain fertile for up to a year when the water content on a fresh weight basis is reduced to about 30 per cent of the original and the pollen is stored at −76 or −196 °C. Over this period no significant difference was found between storage at either temperature.
Pharmacokinetic data of propranolol enantiomers in a comparative human study with (S)‐ and (R,S)‐propranolol (1989)

The pharmacokinetics of (S)-propranolol were compared after the oral administration of a 40 mg dose of the pure enantiomer and an 80 mg dose of a racemic mixture of (R,S)-propranolol. The results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of (S)-propranolol, as expressed by the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum concentration, is lower after 40 mg of the optically pure drug than after the racemic drug.
Estimation of Antagonistic Output Ratios Based on Force Distribution at End Effector of Limb (2016)

In this paper, a method is proposed to estimate the detailed muscular strength of a human limb. The detailed muscular strength discussed in this paper is not the strength produced by coordinated muscle actions but the joint torque generated by each muscle group classified according to its function. It is assumed that a human limb is modeled as a two-link manipulator actuated by three pairs of six muscle groups. Although the model theoretically derives the output force distribution at an end effector from the joint torques, the joint torques are not calculated directly from the distribution. The antagonistic ratios of the output forces at the end effector are introduced to solve this problem. However, the estimation results cannot be compared with actual values in a real environment because it is impossible to measure the output of only a certain muscle in a noninvasive way. Instead, simulations and experiments using a robotic arm demonstrate that the proposed method estimates the output ratios of muscle groups with a satisfactory accuracy.
Functional Liquid‐Crystalline Assemblies: Self‐Organized Soft Materials (2005)

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self-organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio-active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano-segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self-organized functional materials.
Introductory Talk (1971)

In this talk I shall try to outline the subject which will be discussed in detail by the succeeding speakers. I shall concentrate on ideas and I shall not attempt to present any definite results. The two sides to this problem are: (a) How much helium is there in the Universe? and (b) Where and how has it been produced? I shall sub-divide (a) and (b) into (a) (i) Direct observations (ii) Inferences from theories of stellar structure and evolution (b) (i) Helium production in stars (ii) Primeval helium production (iii) Production in other objects
3D-printed models optimize preoperative planning for pediatric cardiac tumor debulking (2018)

3D-printed cardiac tumor and anatomic models were effectively used to preoperatively plan two pediatric tumor debulkings. Both patients had tumors that were integrally involved with the coronary arteries. The 3D models helped devise a safe surgical strategy for maximal tumor debulking while protecting the coronary circulation.
Protein Crystal Processing Using a Deep-UV Laser (2003)

We propose a new protein crystal processing technique, pulsed UV laser soft ablation (PULSA). This is the first report on the successful processing of protein crystals using an optical light source without causing significant damage to the crystal. Photoablation without thermal degradation of the protein crystal structure was achieved using deep-UV laser pulses at a wavelength of 193 nm. The PULSA technique did not affect the quality of the crystals used for X-ray data collection. Moreover, complicated and precise processing of protein crystals, which is difficult using conventional mechanical tools, has been achieved using PULSA. This technique will undoubtedly be a powerful tool for processing protein crystals.
May antidepressant drugs worsen the conditions they are supposed to treat? The clinical foundations of the oppositional model of tolerance (2020)

In recent years there has been a considerable debate on antidepressant drugs. Continued drug treatment with antidepressant medications may stimulate processes that run counter to the initial acute effects of a drug. The oppositional model of tolerance may explain loss of treatment efficacy during maintenance treatment and the fact that some side effects tend to occur only after a certain time. These processes may also direct the illness into a treatment-unresponsive course, including manifestations of bipolar disorder or paradoxical reactions. When drug treatment ends, oppositional processes no longer encounter resistance, resulting in potential onset of new withdrawal symptoms, persistent post-withdrawal disorders, hypomania, and resistance to treatment if it is reinstituted. In all these cases, antidepressant medications may constitute a form of iatrogenic comorbidity, which increases chronicity and vulnerability to depressive episodes. Antidepressant medications are essential drugs for the treatment of major depressive episodes. They are less likely, however, to provide protection for relapse prevention. Current prescription practices need to be reformulated in light of consideration of vulnerabilities and adverse effects of treatment. The oppositional model of tolerance provides a conceptual framework for weighing all these elements in the individual case. The model does not appear to apply to all patients who undergo treatment with AD, but only to a part of them. Studying the variables that are associated with such occurrence in certain patients and not in others would be one of the most important tasks of current therapeutic research. Current diagnostic systems in psychiatry do not consider the iatrogenic components of psychopathology, and can be applied to only patients who are drug free. They are suited for a patient who no longer exists: most of the cases that are seen in psychiatric clinical practice receive psychotropic drugs and such treatment is likely to affect prognosis and treatment choices.
Enhanced Base Pairing and Replication Efficiency of Thiothymidines, Expanded-size Variants of Thymidine (2005)

Here we test the steric effects of added size on DNA base pairing and replication by the use of thiocarbonyl group replacements for natural nucleoside thymidine. The 2-thioT (2S) and 4-thioT (4S) nucleosides were reported previously, but their pairing specificity and replication fidelity were unknown. We find that 2S pairs with higher specificity than thymidine, and both 2S and 4S nucleoside triphosphates are replicated with higher efficiency than natural dTTP. The results indicate possible biotechnological uses for these analogues and have implications in the ongoing use of thionucleobases in cancer treatment.
Effects of geometric imperfections to the control of redundantly actuated parallel manipulators (2009)

The model-based control of robotic manipulators relies on an exact model of the manipulator. Redundantly actuated PKM posses the ability to exhibit internal prestress that does not affect its environment. This allows for a purposeful distribution of control forces, taking into account secondary tasks, such optimal force distribution, active stiffness, and backlash avoiding control. In the presence of kinematic uncertainties this feature can become a serious problem since then the control forces may be annihilated or even some of the intentional prestress components may interfere with the environment. The effect of such kinematic uncertainties and the application of standard model-based control schemes is analyzed in this paper. It is shown that, in the presence of model uncertainties, it leads to parasitic perturbation forces that can not be compensated by the controls. An amended version of the augmented PD and computed torque control scheme is proposed that removes the parasitic feedback forces.
Geranylgeranyltransferase I as a target for anti-cancer drugs (2007)

Posttranslational modification is critical for the function of the gene products of ras oncogenes, which are frequently mutated in cancer. Ras proteins are modified by farnesyltransferase (FTase), but many related small GTPases that also end in a CAAX motif (where C is cysteine, A is often an aliphatic amino acid, and X is any amino acid) are modified by a closely related enzyme known as geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I). Accordingly, inhibitors for both of these enzymes have been developed, and those active against FTase are in clinical trials. In this issue of the JCI, Sjogren et al. report the development of a mouse strain homozygous for a conditional allele of the gene that encodes GGTase-I (see the related article beginning on page 1294). They found that ablation of the GGTase-I-encoding gene in cells destined to produce lung tumors driven by oncogenic K-Ras resulted in delayed onset and decreased severity of disease, validating in a genetic model the theory that GGTase-I is a good target for anti-cancer drug development.
Symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted carboxy phthalocyanines as sensitizers for nanoporous<font>ZnO</font>films (2010)

The photoelectroectrochemical studies of water soluble octacarboxylated oxotitanium (OTiOCPc) , zinc (ZnOCPC) , hydroxyaluminium ((OH)AlOCPc) , dihydroxysilicon ((OH) 2 SiOCPc) , hydroxygallium (OHGaOCPc) and low symmetry zinc monocarboxy (ZnMCPc) phthalocyanines were performed. The dyes were adsorbed to nanoporous ZnO electrodeposited in the presence of eosin Y as structure directing agent (SDA) on FTO substrates by refluxing or soaking the films in a solution containing the dye of interest such that a full surface coverage was achieved. High external (IPCE) and internal (APCE) quantum efficiencies of up to 50.6% and 96.7% were achieved for the OTiOCPc complex. There was a lower overall cell efficiency for cells sensitized with phthalocyanines containing hydroxyl as axial ligand ZnO/(OH) 2 SiOCPc , ZnO/(OH)GaOCPc and (OH)AlOCPc because of strong aggregation on the surface of the electrodes. To further suppress dye aggregation, the zinc complex of a new monocarboxylated phthalocyanine sensitizer with bulky naphtho side groups (ZnMCPc) was employed. Among the studied sensitizers, ZnMCPc gave the highest overall cell efficiency of phthalocyanine electrodeposited on ZnO of η = 0.48%.
The acoustic reflection technique for non-invasive assessment of upper airway area (1991)

Non-invasive assessment of upper airway area by acoustic reflections has been developed in the last 12 yrs. The technique is based on the analysis of sound waves reflected from the airways. Measurement of the amplitudes of the reflections and their times of arrival at the sensing microphone permits construction of a plot of airway area vs distance from the microphone. We describe the theoretical foundations of the method and review the underlying assumptions. This is followed by a summary of the results of in vitro and in vivo validation studies, with particular attention to the reproducibility, accuracy and variability of the technique. The description of clinical and physiological applications of this technique includes detection of tracheal stenosis, demonstration of structural and functional abnormalities of the pharynx and glottis in patients with sleep apnoea, dichotomous response of the airway area to exercise, and airway vs parenchymal hysteresis. Finally, we comment on the future directions that might be investigated using this technique.