gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecology of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> spp. in Agricultural Systems (2004)

ABSTRACT Diverse populations of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria occur in agricultural fields and may directly and indirectly contribute to crop productivity. This paper describes recent advances in our understanding of the ecology of Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and how different subpopulations of these two genera can promote crop health. The abundance, diversity, and distribution of native populations and inoculant strains in agricultural fields have been characterized using a variety of methods. While native populations of these two genera occur abundantly in most agricultural soils, plant tissues are differentially colonized by distinct subpopulations. Multiple Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. can promote crop health in a variety of ways. Some populations suppress plant pathogens and pests by producing antibiotic metabolites, while others may directly stimulate plant host defenses prior to infection. Some strains can also stimulate nutrient uptake by plants, either by promoting rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses or by fixing atmospheric nitrogen directly. Despite a wealth of new information on the genetics and physiology of Bacillus and related species, a better understanding of the microbial ecology of these two genera must be developed. To this end, several important, but unanswered, questions related to the ecological significance and potential for managing the beneficial activities of these bacteria are discussed.
Spreading the load: mobile information and communications technologies and their effect on information overload (2005)

<br><b>Introduction.</b> We report on a small-scale research project which examined the impact of mobile technologies on the users' experience of information overload. The project focused on a group of worker who have had relatively little attention in both the mobile technology and information overload literatures: senior managers. <br><b>Method.</b> The case study approach was adopted, as complementary to an incremental approach to theory building. An inductive approach is adopted, in which data are collected and the findings are interpreted in the light of previous work. The case site was West Yorkshire Police Force in the UK where BlackBerry handhelds were being used by senior officers. <br><b>Analysis.</b> A semi-structured interview schedule was developed and applied in face-to-face interviews with the Senior Management Team and their secretaries. All interviews were recorded and the transcripts of the interviews analysed, using qualitative coding. <br><b>Results.</b> A conceptual model of the interactions and relationships among the key elements that drive and mediate the information flows and information behaviour within a complex organizational environment was developed. Managers' information behaviour and coping strategies were found to have changed since the introduction of mobile devices. Officers are more likely to deal with information received sooner, thereby resulting in less queuing of messages (although filtering strategies still prevail). Approximation (responding in a non-precise way) was also found to have increased. In this particular implementation, the mobile technology has not altered the information-pull behaviour of managers. <br><b>Conclusion.</b> The main finding is that personal information management is now distributed more evenly throughout the day. Thus, the technology has enabled officers to 'spread the load' and, in doing so, has helped to ease some of the pressures created by information overload.
Importance of Shank3 Protein in Regulating Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Expression and Signaling at Synapses (2011)

Shank3/PROSAP2 gene mutations are associated with cognitive impairment ranging from mental retardation to autism. Shank3 is a large scaffold postsynaptic density protein implicated in dendritic spines and synapse formation; however, its specific functions have not been clearly demonstrated. We have used RNAi to knockdown Shank3 expression in neuronal cultures and showed that this treatment specifically reduced the synaptic expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but did not affect the expression of other major synaptic proteins. The functional consequence of Shank3 RNAi knockdown was impaired signaling via mGluR5, as shown by reduction in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation induced by stimulation with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) as the agonist of mGluR5 receptors, impaired mGluR5-dependent synaptic plasticity (DHPG-induced long-term depression), and impaired mGluR5-dependent modulation of neural network activity. We also found morphological abnormalities in the structure of synapses (spine number, width, and length) and impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission, as shown by reduction in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC). Notably, pharmacological augmentation of mGluR5 activity using 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-benzamide as the positive allosteric modulator of these receptors restored mGluR5-dependent signaling (DHPG-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2) and normalized the frequency of mEPSCs in Shank3-knocked down neurons. These data demonstrate that a deficit in mGluR5-mediated intracellular signaling in Shank3 knockdown neurons can be compensated by 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-benzamide; this raises the possibility that pharmacological augmentation of mGluR5 activity represents a possible new therapeutic approach for patients with Shank3 mutations.
Use of binary file comparison tools in software release management (2002)

Software release management policy and technique can be significantly improved by providing configuration management personnel with the capability to independently verify that compiled modules are unchanged from the previous release. Typically, both compiling and linking processes embed various timestamps within binary compiled files, rendering conventional comparison tools useless for configuration management work. Being unable to perform such file matches wastes development effort by needlessly re-testing modules that have not changed at the object level, and risks not testing modules that have changed in some subtle way. The methodology of US Patent No 6236993 provides objective evidence that files containing embedded timestamps are identical without specifying the location, format or length of any specific timestamp within the file. The patented comparison method automatically recognizes and reconciles embedded tokens (e.g., timestamps) within binary compiled files.
Medical diagnostic system based on simultaneous multispectral fluorescence imaging (1994)

A multicolor fluorescence imaging system applied to medical diagnostics is described. The system presented simultaneously records four fluorescence images in different wavelength bands, permitting low-resolution spectroscopy imaging. An arithmetic function image of the four spectral images is constructed by a pixel-to-pixel calculation and is presented on a monitor in false-color coding. A sensitive detector is required for minimizing the excitation energy necessary to obtain an image and thus avoid side effects on the investigated tissue. Characteristics of the system of importance for the detector sensitivity as well as image quality are discussed. A high degree of suppression of ambient background light is reached with this system by the use of a pulsed laser as an excitation source together with gated detection. Examples of fluorescence images from tumors on the hind legs and in the brain of rats injected with Photofrin are given.
Predicting kinase substrates using conservation of local motif density (2012)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
[Determination of four biogenic amine metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography]. (2014)

This determination method is simple, efficient, accurate, and sensitive for the simultaneous detection of VMA, 5-HIAA, DOPAC, and HVA in urine.
Resistance to Low‐Temperature Degradation of Equimolar YO <sub>1.5</sub> –TaO <sub>2.5</sub> Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO <sub>2</sub> Ceramics in Air (2010)

A narrow range of composition exists along the ZrO 2 –YTaO 4 quasi‐binary in which the tetragonal phase can be retained on cooling. Ceramics within this region, corresponding to equimolar YO 1.5 and TaO 2.5 stabilizer concentrations, have been subject to accelerated testing for their susceptibility to moisture‐induced low‐temperature degradation (LTD) by annealing in air at 200°C. No low‐temperature transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phase was evident even after 400 h in the tetragonal YO 1.5 –TaO 2.5 –ZrO 2 ceramics, while 50% of tetragonal phase in a sintered 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 ‐doped ZrO 2 transformed into monoclinic after the same long‐term annealing. The results not only demonstrate the superiority in LTD of equimolar yttria–tantala‐doped zirconia (ZrO 2 ) but have important implications for the proposed mechanisms of LTD in polycrystalline ZrO 2 .
A Novel Δ<sup>3</sup>,Δ<sup>2</sup>-Enoyl-CoA Isomerase Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid-Derived Moiety of the Polyketide Ansatrienin A<sup>,</sup> (2000)

The side chain of the antifungal polyketide ansatrienin A produced by Streptomyces collinus contains a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHC) derived moiety. This CHC in the coenzyme A activated form (CHC-CoA) is derived from shikimic acid via a pathway in which the penultimate step is the isomerization of 2-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA to 1-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA. We have purified a 28 kDa 2-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA isomerase (ChcB) from S. collinus and cloned and sequenced the corresponding chcB gene. The predicted amino acid sequence of ChcB showed moderate sequence identity to members of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily of enzymes. The recombinant ChcB was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity using metal chelate chromatography. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that recombinant ChcB had wide substrate specificity and could catalyze a double bond isomerization using 2-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA (K(m) 116 +/- 68 microM, k(cat)( )()3.7 +/- 1.0 min(-)(1)), trans-3-hexenyl-CoA (K(m) 39 +/- 10 microM, k(cat)( )()12.8 +/- 1 min(-)(1)), and vinylacetyl-CoA (K(m) 156 +/- 34 microM, k(cat)( )()29 +/- 3 min(-)(1)) as substrates. ChcB activity in cell extracts of S. collinus SP1, an insertionally disrupted chcB mutant, was shown to decrease by more than 99% (as compared to the wild-type strain) using all three of these substrates. The S. collinus SP1 strain, unlike the wild-type strain, could not produce omega-cyclohexyl fatty acids but was still able to grow efficiently on methyl oleate as a sole carbon source. These observations demonstrate that the S. collinus ChcB is required for catalyzing the isomerization of 2-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA to 1-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA during CHC-CoA biosynthesis but not for degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. The chcB gene does not appear to be associated with the ansatrienin biosynthetic gene cluster, which has previously been shown to contain at least one gene known to be essential for CHC-CoA biosynthesis. This finding represents a notable exception to the general rule regarding the clustering of polyketide biosynthetic pathway genes.
Ultrafast Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Crystalline Microporous Aluminophosphate AlPO<sub>4</sub>-5 (2014)

Crystalline microporous materials have been typically synthesized by long-time hydrothermal treatment in a batch reactor, which suffers from drawbacks like frequent start-up and shut-down operations and low energy efficiency. The development of a continuous flow process for the synthesis of crystalline microporous materials is extremely challenging due to the slow crystallization of the microporous materials. In this work, we demonstrate the continuous flow synthesis of an important crystalline microporous aluminophosphate material, AlPO4-5. The continuous synthesis of AlPO4-5 was achieved by combining the seed-assisted method with a continuous flow reactor that could provide a much higher heating rate. The results showed that single phase AlPO4-5 was obtained after one-minute synthesis in the continuous flow reactor. A stable continuous process was maintained, because any hydrodynamic failure from the precipitation of the solid product could be minimized thanks to the ultrafast synthesis and the small particle size of the AlPO4-5 product. In addition, the reuse of the product from the continuous flow synthesis as a seed is demonstrated. This easily designed, efficient route can result in the significant cost and energy savings and thus has huge potential for the industrial-level production of AlPO4-5 crystals in the future.
A Comparison of the Self-Reported Problems of Alcoholics, Drug Dependent Persons, and Multiple Drug Dependent Persons at Admission (1991)

Four diagnostic groups of newly admitted patients to Eagleville Hospital's Inpatient Program (A-alcohol dependence only; A + D-primary alcohol dependence, with secondary drug dependence or abuse; D - drug dependence only; D + A-primary drug dependence, with secondary alcohol dependence or abuse) were compared with respect to their self-reported problems on the Substance Abuse Problem Checklist (SAPC). When statistical controls were exercised for sex and age in a threeway ANOVA, the four diagnostic groups evidenced more similarities than differences. Main effect results for diagnosis, independent of age and sex, indicated that multiple substance abusers (MSA's), the A + D and D + A patients, reported significantly more problems on the SAPC than did the single substance abusers (SSA's), the A only and D only patients. This result is believed to be due to the MSA group's greater willingness to report problems early in treatment than the SSA groups.
Ground-state dimers in excimer-forming bichromophoric molecules. 1. Bis(pyrenylcarboxy)alkanes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGround-state dimers in excimer-forming bichromophoric molecules. 1. Bis(pyrenylcarboxy)alkanesPeter Reynders, Wolfgang Kuehnle, and Klaas A. ZachariasseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 10, 3929–3939Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New skill learning paradigm using various kinds of neurons (2002)

Modeled from human neurons, various types of artificial neurons are developed and applied to control algorithm. In this paper, the weights and structure of feedforward neural network controller are updated using new skill learning paradigm which consists of supervisory controller, chaotic neuron filter and associative memory. The pattern of system nonlinearity along the desired path is extracted while supervisory controller guarantees stability in the sense of the boundedness of tracking error. Next the pattern is divided into small segments and encoded to bipolar codes depending on the existence of critical points. Comparing the encoded pattern with pre-stored neural parameters and pattern pairs through associative memory, the most similar one is obtained. Also, chaotic neuron filter is used to add perturbation to neural parameters when the training of feedforward neural network is not successful with the pre-stored parameters. Finally the memory is updated with new successful parameters and pattern pairs. Simulation is performed for simple two-link robot in case of the slight modification of desired trajectory.
Research on phase transition behavior of lutetium orthoborate LuBO<sub>3</sub> (2011)

Cerium-doped lutetium orthoborate LuBO3 : Ce crystal is a promising scintillator with excellent properties, but the single crystal is difficult to grow because of the phase transition. In this article, the reported high-temperature (HT) vaterite phase was proved to exist at a low temperature (below 1200°C). Moreover, the real HT phase of LuBO3 was identified for the first time. The observed HT phase structure of LuBO3 was isostructural with the hexagonal structure of YbBO3 with space group P6322(182). The temperature dependence of the lattice constant and unit cell of the above phase structures were also investigated. The relative stability of calcite phase of LuBO3 could associate with fitness of the radius of Lu3+ ion for the six-coordination structure.
Clinical Trials Update from the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Meeting: COMET, COMPANION, Tezosentan and SHAPE (2003)

Abstract This article continues a series of reports on recent research developments in the field of heart failure. Key presentations made at the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Update meeting, held in Strasbourg, France are described. The COMET study showed a 17% relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality with carvedilol compared with metoprolol tartrate. The COMPANION study, as previously reported, showed encouraging results for the use of cardiac resynchronisation and implantable defibrillator therapy in patients with heart failure, but further evidence is awaited. The results of a study on tezosentan suggest that lower doses of this endothelin antagonist may be clinically more effective with fewer adverse effects compared with higher doses. The SHAPE survey of heart failure awareness in Europe identified a need for further heart failure education amongst the public, patients, their carers and primary care physicians.
Novel V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites with High Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Toluene (2014)

In an effort to develop nanostructured photocatalysts to achieve high performance in heterogeneous photocatalysis, a novel composite V2O5/BiVO4/TiO2 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by using a sequentially hydrothermal and adhering method. The structural and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were comparatively characterized. The formed ternary nanojunctions were composed of TiO2 nanobelts and V2O5/BiVO4 nanorods which were self-assembled by smaller V2O5 and BiVO4 nanoparticles. Compared to pure TiO2 nanobelts and V2O5/BiVO4 nanorods, the V2O5/BiVO4/TiO2 composite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in decomposition of gaseous toluene under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). Electron spin resonance examination confirmed that the photoinduced active species (•OH and O2•–) were involved in the photocatalytic degradation of toluene. A detailed mechanism accounting for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the V2O5/BiVO4/TiO2 nanocomposite was proposed in terms of the energy band structures of the components. The rationally designed ternary nanojunctions could effectively enhance the photocatalytic performance by increasing photoinduced charge carriers through the charges separation across their multiple interfaces.
<i>In Vivo</i> Assessment of a Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Combining a Biodegradable Elastomeric Scaffold and Muscle-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Model (2009)

Limited autologous vascular graft availability and poor patency rates of synthetic grafts for bypass or replacement of small-diameter arteries remain a concern in the surgical community. These limitations could potentially be improved by a tissue engineering approach. We report here our progress in the development and in vivo testing of a stem-cell-based tissue-engineered vascular graft for arterial applications. Poly(ester urethane)urea scaffolds (length = 10 mm; inner diameter = 1.2 mm) were created by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Compound scaffolds were generated by reinforcing TIPS scaffolds with an outer electrospun layer of the same biomaterial (ES-TIPS). Both TIPS and ES-TIPS scaffolds were bulk-seeded with 10 x 10(6) allogeneic, LacZ-transfected, muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), and then placed in spinner flask culture for 48 h. Constructs were implanted as interposition grafts in the abdominal aorta of rats for 8 weeks. Angiograms and histological assessment were performed at the time of explant. Cell-seeded constructs showed a higher patency rate than the unseeded controls: 65% (ES-TIPS) and 53% (TIPS) versus 10% (acellular TIPS). TIPS scaffolds had a 50% mechanical failure rate with aneurysmal formation, whereas no dilation was observed in the hybrid scaffolds. A smooth-muscle-like layer of cells was observed near the luminal surface of the constructs that stained positive for smooth muscle alpha-actin and calponin. LacZ+ cells were shown to be engrafted in the remodeled construct. A confluent layer of von Willebrand Factor-positive cells was observed in the lumen of MDSC-seeded constructs, whereas acellular controls showed platelet and fibrin deposition. This is the first evidence that MDSCs improve patency and contribute to the remodeling of a tissue-engineered vascular graft for arterial applications.
Degradation of E2F by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: regulation by retinoblastoma family proteins and adenovirus transforming proteins. (1996)

E2F transcription factors are key regulators of transcription during the cell cycle. E2F activity is regulated at the level of transcription and DNA binding and by complex formation with the retinoblastoma pocket protein family. We show here that free E2F-1 and E2F-4 transcription factors are unstable and that their degradation is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Both E2F-1 and E2F-4 are rendered unstable by an epitope in the carboxyl terminus of the proteins, in close proximity to their pocket protein interaction surface. We show that binding of E2F-1 to pRb or E2F-4 to p107 or p130 protects E2Fs from degradation, causing the complexes to be stable. The increased stability of E2F-4 pocket protein complexes may contribute to the maintenance of active transcriptional repression in quiescent cells. Surprisingly, adenovirus transforming proteins, which release pocket protein-E2F complexes, also inhibit breakdown of free E2F. These data reveal an additional level of regulation of E2F transcription factors by targeted proteolysis, which is inhibited by pocket protein binding and adenovirus early region 1 transforming proteins.
Using Auditory Steady State Responses to Outline the Functional Connectivity in the Tinnitus Brain (2008)

Background: Tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception that is most likely generated in the central nervous system. Most of the tinnitus research has concentrated on the auditory system. However, it was suggested recently that also non-auditory structures are involved in a global network that encodes subjective tinnitus. We tested this assumption using auditory steady state responses to entrain the tinnitus network and investigated long-range functional connectivity across various non-auditory brain regions.