gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral sensitization of a sprayed ZnO thin film electrode by a new synthetic dye (2-imidazolin-5-one) in acetonitrile medium (1995)

A new tailor-made organic dye, namely 4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-m-methoxy-p-hydroxystyryl-1-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-one (subsequently referred to as 2-imidazolin-5-one) has been studied as a photosensitizer for its application in a photoelectrochemical cell. Highly n-doped polycrystalline thin ZnO films prepared by the spray pyrolysis method were used as photoelectrodes and hydroquinone as the supersensitizer for such investigations. The absorption spectrum of the adsorbed dye on a dry ZnO electrode was found to be drastically modified compared with that of dye in solution and this has been attributed to the strong interaction between dye and ZnO surface and the formation of J-aggregates due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The cyclic voltammogram of the dye at the platinum electrode exhibited a quasi-reversible anodic peak with formal redox potential EDD+/0=1.24 V versus SSCE. The flat band potential of the ZnO electrode in dye containing acetonitrile solution, Vfb=-0.62 V versus SSCE, was determined from the Mott-Schottky plots. The transient technique was used to monitor the response of a dye-coated ZnO electrode to monochromatic light. The photocurrent response of a dye-coated ZnO electrode was found to be extended well into the visible region. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) was found to be 3.4% at the excitation wavelength (480 nm) of the dye.
IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS WITH A MONOCLONAL ANTI-IL-2 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY IN LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS1 (1996)

The immunosuppressive effect of a monoclonal antibody (moAb), BT563, directed to the alpha-chain of the IL-2R (CD25), was analyzed in a prospective nonrandomized trial and a prospective randomized trial. Primary objectives were evaluation of the incidence of acute rejections and infections; secondary objectives were safety and tolerability of the moAb. A total of 28 patients were enrolled (phase II) to receive 10 mg/day of BT563 (12 days) as immunoprophylaxis in combination with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and low-dose steroids. Subsequently 32 patients were randomly assigned (phase III) to receive BT563 (10 mg/day) for 12 days or ATG (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days in addition to cyclosporine and low-dose steroids. No side effects of the BT563 treatment were noted. The actuarial survival was 82% at 12 months in the phase II trial and 92% at 12 months in both arms of the phase III trial. There was one acute rejection in the phase II trial. No acute rejections were noted in the BT arm of the phase III trial and 5 acute rejections were treated in the ATG arm. In the phase II trial 7 infectious episodes were observed, while one infection was seen in the BT arm and 7 in the ATG arm of the triple immunosuppression phase III trial. In all patients circulation of coated CD25+ lymphocytes was observed during BT563 treatment; there was no evidence of depletion or modulation of CD25+ cells. Mean serum levels of BT563 ranged from 1.6 to 7.6 microgram/ml throughout the therapy. An antimurine response was seen in 82% (phase II) and 100% (phase III) of the patients. Antirabbit antibodies were found in 56% of the patients treated with ATG. Analysis of the antimurine response specificity revealed in 56% blocking anti-isotypic antibodies and only in 3% of the patients an anti-idiotypic response. The data of the study presented suggest that therapy with an anti IL-2R moAb is at least equal to ATG application according to the incidence of acute rejections and infections.
World overview of building-integrated photovoltaics (1996)

There is a growing consensus that distributed photovoltaic (PV) power systems will be among those applications to first reach widespread commercialization in the generation of power on the utility grid. Chief among these distributed applications are PV power systems for individual buildings. Interest in the building integration of photovoltaics, where the PV modules actually become an integral part of the building, often serving as the exterior weathering skin, is growing worldwide. With reduced installation costs, improved aesthetics and all the benefits of distributed generation, building-integrated PV systems are a prime candidate for early market penetration. Product development is proceeding in three general areas: integral roof modules; roofing tiles and shingles; and integral modules for vertical facades. This paper covers residential and commercial applications with examples of the direct integration of PV elements into residential and commercial buildings using built examples from the US, Europe and Japan.
Inhibition of Octapeptide<i>N</i>-Myristoylation by Acyl Amino Acids and Acyl Alkanolamines (1997)

Several acyl amino acids and acyl alkanolamines were prepared and screened for their inhibition of octapeptide N-myristoylation and HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells. Of the 62 acyl derivatives tested, N-myristoyl-O-caproyl-L-serine, N-myristoyl-O-caproyl-D-serine and N-decanoyl-O-myristoyl-L-serine were found to be uncompetitive inhibitors of N-myristoylation, but did not prevent HIV-induced cytopathicity in MT-4 cells. However, other acyl derivatives such as N-3-hydroxymyristoyl ethanolamine, N-3-hydroxymyristoyl-D-serine and N-myristoyl-L-cysteine, which did not inhibit N-myristoylation, suppressed the cytopathicity in the infected cells. The acyl derivatives described here may serve as lead compounds for antiviral agents.
Effect of Residual Stresses on the Fracture of Ground Ceramics (1989)

Grinding induces resiual stresses and cracks at and near the surfaces of ceramic workpieces. The residual stresses in several ground ceramics are measured using the curvature method. Four‐point bend tests are conducted to measure the fracture strength of the ground specimens. A fracture mechanics analysis includes the measured residual stress to calculate the grinding‐induced surface crack size. It is shown that the residual stresses sometimes have a significant effect on the strength‐controlling flaw size.
A new generation of ORCA FPGA with enhanced features and performance (2002)

This paper describes the new AT&T Optimized Reconfigurable Cell Array (ORCA) 2CA and 2TA series of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Both series are based on the ORCA 2C/T architecture, but migrated to the advanced AT&T 0.35 /spl mu/ CMOS processes. These two processes are individually optimized for 5V and 3.3V operations. In addition, architectural innovations are incorporated into the new series to enhance both performance and functionality. These include: Efficient support of parallel multiplier Efficient support of synchronous single-port and dual-port memories Streamlined creation of large memory using port-enable control and internal tristate buffers Easy system integration with the 5V-tolerant input/output buffers, found on the 3.3V 2TA series. As the result, the ORCA 2CA/2TA arrays are significantly smaller and 15%/30% faster (PFU speed) than the corresponding 0.5 /spl mu/ 2C/T arrays.
Study of cryostructurization of polymer systems. IX. Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels filled with particles of crosslinked dextran gel (1992)

Abstract The influence of deformable disperse filler on rheological and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels (obtained by freezing–thawing of concentrated aqueous solutions of the polymer) was studied. Spherical particles of crosslinked dextran gel—the Sephadex beads of two types: G‐25 and G‐100—were used as filler. It was found that an increase in the filler concentration from 0 to 20 wt% produced and increase in the composite cryogel strength; the greater reinforcement effect was observed with large‐pore Sephadex beads into the cryogel matrix. An increase in the fraction of disperse phase also leads to an increase in fusion temperatures of these composites, such effect being determined mainly by the filler type. The filling of cryogels with G‐100 beads improves the thermostability of composite samples to a higher extent as compared with the use of G‐25 particles. Several possible reasons for the trends observed in rheological and thermal properties of Sephadexfilled PVA cryogels were revealed.
PURIFICATION AND RECOVERY OF INFECTIOUS VIRUS PARTICLES USING OSMOLYTE FLOCCULATION (2016)

Viral infectious diseases cause millions of deaths and severe illness all around the world affecting public health and economics. Viral vaccines are helping to fight against viral diseases, but current vaccines are expensive and unavailable, especially in poor and developing countries. When measuring the entire manufacturing processing, the downstream processing of vaccines is the major cost of production. Our goal for this research is to develop a low-cost alternative downstream processing platform for new vaccine manufacturing infrastructures. We have developed a novel osmolyte flocculation method for viral particles. To create a platform purification for several types of viral particles, we used two model viruses: porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Sindbis virus (SINV). PPV is a non-enveloped virus, one of smallest known mammalian viruses with a diameter of approximately 20 nm. The enveloped virus, SINV, has a size of 48-52 nm. Using mannitol osmolyte flocculation we demonstrated recovery for both viruses by diafiltration using a micropore membrane. This will allow easy scale-up to production scale and creates a low-cost platform. Our lab’s previous study showed that osmolyte flocculation was specific to viruses as compared to proteins which are present as the contaminants in the process. This preferential flocculation is due to the active hydrophobic surface differences on viruses and protein surfaces. We studied the effect of membrane pore size on the recovery of viruses and were able to achieve 60% recovery of infectious PPV using a 0.1 μm and 500 kDa pore size filters. Recovery of infectious SINV was 79% using 0.1 μm and 96% using 500 kDa pore size membrane filter. Increasing the concentration of virus results in enhanced recovery of infectious particles, but at high concentration, membrane pores can get blocked, causing membrane fouling. We also examined the purity of the recovered virus samples for DNA and protein contaminants. In conclusion, we have developed a novel purification process that was able to purify and recover infectious viral particles using large pore size filters, which can decrease overall processing costs.
Four-wave mixing wavelength conversion efficiency in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers measured to 65 nm of wavelength shift (1994)

The efficiency of broadband optical wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers is measured for wavelength shifts up to 65 nm using a tandem amplifier geometry. A quantity we call the relative conversion efficiency function, which determines the strength of the four-wave mixing nonlinearity, was extracted from the data. Using this quantity, gain requirements for lossless four-wave mixing wavelength conversion are calculated and discussed. Signal to background noise ratio is also measured and discussed in this study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Immunoglobulins acquire the ability to interact with DNA after chromatography on QAE-Sephadex]. (1986)

The composition of IgG isolated from normal human serum includes a significant amount of antibodies interacting with native DNA. This ability of antibodies is revealed only after anion-exchange chromatography, resulting in the division of IgG into two fractions, i.e., acid and alkaline immunoglobulins. The peculiarities of interaction of the both fractions with DNA and the specificity of this reaction were investigated. The IgG tested were shown to interact with native and denaturated DNA, dextran sulfate, poly-G and poly-I. The possibility of interaction of antibodies with the charged structures of the cell and their significance under normal and pathological conditions are discussed.
Immunogenicity of tumor cells inactivated by heat. (1977)

The recent increase in demand for performance‐driven and outcome‐based transportation planning makes accurate and reliable performance measures essential. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT), the total miles traveled by all vehicles on roadways, has been utilized widely as a proxy for traffic impact assessment, vehicle emissions, gasoline consumption, and crashes. Accordingly, a number of studies estimate VMT using diverse data sources. This study estimates VMT in the urban area of Bucheon, South Korea, by predicting the annual average daily traffic for unmeasured locations using spatial interpolation techniques (i.e., regression kriging and linear regression). The predictive performance of this method is compared with that of the existing Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) method. The results show that regression kriging could provide more accurate VMT estimates than the HPMS method and linear regression, especially with a small sample size. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Information system technology can improve customer service (1986)

Creative deployment of information system technologies can lead to new ways to differentiate products and services through customer service, while simultaneously strengthening customer ties.
MEASUREMENT OF SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF LASER GAUSSIAN BEAM BY SPECKLES DISPLACEMENT METHOD (2000)

WT5”BZ]The method of speckles displacement, a new attempt to test characters of space distribution of laser Gaussian beam, is presented. The diffraction formula and statistical law of optical fields are used to get the cross correlation function of intensities of laser speckles of the moved diffuse object. The position and size of the waist of the Gaussian beam are get. [WT5”HZ]
Fault tolerant data structures (2002)

The authors consider the tolerance of data structures to memory faults. They observe that many pointer-based data structures (e.g. linked lists, trees, etc.) are highly nonresilient to faults. A single fault in a linked list or tree may result in the loss of the entire set of data. They present a formal framework for studying the fault tolerance properties of pointer-based data structures, and provide fault tolerant versions of the stack, the linked list, and the dictionary tree.
OSTEOARTHRITIS and CARTILAGE Anti-inflammator y activity of chondroitin sulfate (1998)

Summary The pharmacokinetics of chondroitin sulfate (CS, Condrosulf ~, IBSA, Lugano, Switzerland) were investigated in rats and in healthy volunteers using CS tritiated at the reducing end and CS labeled withlZlI or 99mTc respectively. A rapid absorption of orally administered CS is observed in rats and in humans when the drug is dissolved in water. Lower and delayed absorption is observed when CS is administered in gastroresistant capsules. The absolute bio-availability is 15 and 12% for rats and humans respectively. The CS shows a tropism for cartilagineous tissues in rats and for knee tissues in humans as demonstrated by scintigraphic analysis with 99mTc-CS. Monomers, oligo and polysaccharides produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of CS appear in the blood and tissues together with native CS. The effects of partially depolymerized (m.m. 3 to 15 kD) and desulfated fractions on human leukocytes were investigated. CS and its fractions inhibit the directional chemotaxis induced by zymosan-activated serum, are able to decrease the phagocytosis and the release of lysozyme induced by zymosan and to protect the plasma membrane from oxygen reactive species. In rats the oral administration of CS significantly decreases granuloma formation due to sponge implants and cell migration and lysosomal enzyme release in carrageenan pleurisy. Compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen), CS appears to be more effective on cellular events of inflammation than on edema formation. It is noteworthy that CS is devoid of dangerous effects on the stomach, platelets and kidneys. In synovial fluid of patients requiring joint aspiration, treated orally for 10 days with CS (800 mg/day) the hyaluronate concentration and the intrinsic viscosity significantly increased, while collagenolytic activity, phospholipase A2 and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) decreased. These results give an insight into the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective actions demonstrated by this drug in a number of clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis.
Wave energy trapping and localization in a plate with a delamination (2012)

The research aims at an experimental approval of the trapping mode effect theoretically predicted for an elastic plate-like structure with a horizontal crack. The effect is featured by a sharp capture of incident wave energy at certain resonance frequencies with its localization between the crack and plate surfaces in the form of energy vortices yielding long-enduring standing waves. The trapping modes are eigensolutions of the related diffraction problem associated with nearly real complex points of its discrete frequency spectrum. To detect such resonance motion, a laser vibrometer based system has been employed for the acquisition and appropriate visualization of piezoelectrically actuated out-of-plane surface motion of a two-layer aluminum plate with an artificial strip-like delamination. The measurements at resonance and off-resonance frequencies have revealed a time-harmonic oscillation of good quality above the delamination in the resonance case. It lasts for a long time after the scattered waves have left that area. The measured frequency of the trapped standing-wave oscillation is in a good agreement with that predicted using the integral equation based mathematical model.
Live immerse video-audio interactive multimedia (2010)

The aim of the paper is to provide an insight of the progress made in 3D Holoscopic video technology. The paper will show an example of a coding technique based on 3D discrete cosine transform (DCT) which take full advantage of the data structure of 3D Holoscopic video. Various grouping of micro-images in a single 3D DCT computation is discussed.
[Environmental effects on the course of active rheumatism in a migrant Siberian population]. (2002)

The presence of the adaptation cryoglobulinemia syndrome aggravates the course of rheumatic fever and promotes its chronicity.
Effects of Noise Source Configuration on Directional Benefit Using Symmetric and Asymmetric Directional Hearing Aid Fittings (2007)

Although directional benefit is present in asymmetric fittings, the use of bilateral directional processing optimizes speech understanding in noise conditions in which the speech comes from in front of the listener and the noise sources are located to the side of or surround the listener. In situations in which the speech is located to the side of the listener, the use of directional processing on the ear adjacent to the speaker is likely to reduce speech audibility and thus degrade speech understanding.
Two-tone suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Extension of a stimulus-response relationship (1976)

Average discharge rate of single auditory-nerve fibers in cats was measured in response to one- and two-tone stimuli. One component (the ’’suppressor tone’’) of each two-tone stimulus was at a frequency (f2) which produced two-tone suppression at some stimulus levels. The other component (excitor tone) produced an increase in rate above the spontaneous rate when presented alone. Fractional response was defined as the driven rate to the two-tone stimulus divided by the driven rate to the excitor alone. Fractional response is thus a quantitative measure of the amount of suppression produced by a suppressor tone. A number of qualitative differences were found in the dependence of fractional response for f2≳CF and f2&lt;CF. For suppressor tone frequencies greater than CF, fractional response depends only on the ratio of suppressor to excitor levels (P2/P1) for a range of excitor levels (P1). For P1 large enough to drive a unit into saturation, fractional response increases with P1. For f2&lt;CF, however, fractional response is a monotonic decreasing function of P2 and P2/P1; it is also a monotonic decreasing function of P1 for P2/P1 fixed. Consistent with these results if the tone level ratio P2/P1 is fixed, rate is a monotonic increasing function of the overall level of a two-tone stimulus for f2≳CF; for f2&lt;CF, rate is typically a nonmonotonic function of overall level. For f2≳CF, slopes of (log) fractional response versus (log) P2/P1 curves are a monotonic decreasing function of suppressor frequency f2. For f2&lt;CF, on the other hand, slope does not depend on f2. If f2 is fixed, and excitor-tone frequency (f1) varied, fractional response decreases with f1 for f2≳CF; for f2&lt;CF, fractional response is independent of f1. Subject Classification: [43]65.42, [43]65.59.
Multihit two-dimensional charged-particle imaging system with real-time image processing at 1000 frames/s (2009)

A high-speed imaging system developed for two-dimensional counting of charged particles is presented. Microchannel plates coupled with a phosphor screen of a short emission lifetime (<1 micros) are used to visualize the two-dimensional positions of charged-particle impacts, and the image on the phosphor screen is captured with a 1 kHz complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (512x512 pixels). A multistage image intensifier consisting of the first and second generation devices was used to compensate for the low sensitivity of CMOS. The centers of gravity (COG) of individual light spots in each image frame are calculated in real time by a field programmable gate array circuit. The performance of this system is tested by time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TR-PEI) of NO using (1+1(')) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization via the A (2)Sigma(+) state with a femtosecond laser operated at 1 kHz. The new system enabled COG detection for more than ten particles in each frame at 1 kHz and achieved an extremely high degree of accuracy in the measurement of photoelectron angular distributions in TR-PEI.