gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed Clearance of Viral Load and Marked Cytokine Activation in Severe Cases of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Virus Infection (2010)

The slower control of viral load and immunodysregulation in severe cases mandate the search for more effective antiviral and immunomodulatory regimens to stop the excessive cytokine activation resulting in ARDS and death.
Hand image segmentation using sequential-image-based hierarchical adaptation (2002)

Two methods to extract a moving target region from a series of images are presented. Pixel value distributions for both the target object and background region are estimated for each pixel with roughly extracted moving regions. Using the distributions, stable target extraction is performed. In the first method, the distributions are approximated with Gaussian distribution functions and the probability of a pixel being associated with the target object is calculated. In the second method, a Markov random field model is applied to perform region segmentation on regularized input images using the estimated pixel value distributions. The texture parameters for the target object region can be calculated from the estimated pixel value distributions. Experimental results obtained by these two methods using hand motion images are presented.
SPE3, Which Encodes Spermidine Synthase, Is Required for Full Repression Through NREDIT in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

We previously identified a transcriptional regulatory element, which we call NRE(DIT), that is required for repression of the sporulation-specific genes, DIT1 and DIT2, during vegetative growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Repression through this element is dependent on the Ssn6-Tup1 corepressor. In this study, we show that SIN4 contributes to NRE(DIT)-mediated repression, suggesting that changes in chromatin structure are, at least in part, responsible for regulation of DIT gene expression. In a screen for additional genes that function in repression of DIT (FRD genes), we recovered alleles of TUP1, SSN6, SIN4, and ROX3 and identified mutations comprising eight complementation groups of FRD genes. Four of these FRD genes appeared to act specifically in NRE(DIT)mediated repression, and four appeared to be general regulators of gene expression. We cloned the gene complementing the frd3-1 phenotype and found that it was identical to SPE3, which encodes spermidine synthase. Mutant spe3 cells not only failed to support complete repression through NRE(DIT) but also had modest defects in repression of some other genes. Addition of spermidine to the medium partially restored repression to spe3 cells, indicating that spermidine may play a role in vivo as a modulator of gene expression. We suggest various mechanisms by which spermidine could act to repress gene expression.
Pd(0) Catalyzed Hydrostannation of Conjugated Dienes. A Facile and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)-2-Alkenylstannanes (1992)

Abstract Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalyzes the hydrostannation of conjugated dienes. The reaction proceeds highly regio- and stereoselectively to give (Z)-2-alkenyltributylstannanes. This method is convenient for the stereoselective synthesis of allyltin compounds.
Timely immunization subverts the development of peripheral nonresponsiveness and suppresses tumor development in simian virus 40 tumor antigen-transgenic mice. (1994)

Tolerance to tumor cell-expressed molecules and selection of cells that evade immune surveillance during tumor progression create effective barriers to immunotherapy. We investigated the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to simian virus 40 (SV40) tumor (T/t) antigen in two lineages of transgenic mice bearing the same rat insulin promoter-SV40 T/t antigen (RIP Tag) hybrid gene. RIP1-Tag2 mice, which express Tag as embryos, are tolerant to Tag, whereas RIP1-Tag4 mice, which express the transgene in pancreatic islet beta cells several weeks after birth and develop insulinomas, can be immunized to generate active Tag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as determined by in vitro assays. Indeed, RIP1-Tag4 mice immunized with Tag by SV40 infection prior to the time of endogenous transgene expression also mount an effective in vivo cellular immune response to the Tag-expressing pancreatic beta cells, and Tag-induced tumor growth is significantly delayed (up to 1 year). However, after the transgene is expressed, RIP1-Tag4 mice are unable to mount a tumor-inhibiting response upon immunization, although Tag-specific cytotoxic T cells can still be demonstrated in vitro. Our data suggest that Tag-specific T cells are rendered unresponsive in vivo in RIP1-Tag4 mice and that the establishment of this unresponsiveness to Tag can be prevented by SV40 immunization only before the onset of the transgene expression. In the older, successfully immunized mouse, decreased immune surveillance and selection of cells with down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I expression most likely set the stage for insulinoma development.
Synthesis of 4-Methyldienoates Using a Vinylogous Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons Reagent. Application to the Synthesis of Trichostatic Acid (2010)

The utility of the unsaturated phosphonate 1 as a vinylogous Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent was explored in reactions with aldehydes affording 4-methyldienoate esters. Factors that affect E/Z selectivity were studied. A simplified synthesis of trichostatic acid 3 was accomplished to demonstrate utility of this reagent.
Targeting HIV-1 Gag into the Defective Ribosomal Product Pathway Enhances MHC Class I Antigen Presentation and CD8+ T Cell Activation (2008)

The main source for endogenous peptides presented by the MHC class I (MHC-I) pathway are de novo-synthesized proteins which are degraded via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Different MHC-I Ag pools can be distinguished: first, short-lived defective ribosomal products, which are degraded in concert with or shortly after their synthesis, and, second, functional proteins that enter the standard protein life cycle. To compare the contribution of these two Ag sources to the generation of MHC-I-presented peptides, we established murine cell lines which express as a model Ag the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein fused to ubiquitin (Ub) carrying the epitope SIINFEKL (SL). Gag was expressed either in its wild-type form (UbMGagSL) or as a variant UbRGagSL harboring an N-end rule degron signal. Although UbRGagSL displayed wild-type protein stability, its inherent defective ribosomal products rate observed after proteasome shutdown was increased concomitant with enhanced presentation of the SL epitope. In addition, UbRGagSL induces enhanced T cell stimulation of SL-specific B3Z hybridoma cells as measured in vitro and of adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic OT-1 T cells in vivo. Furthermore, an elevated frequency of SL-specific T cells was detected by IFN-gamma ELISPOT after immunization of naive C57BL/6 mice with UbRGagSL/EL4 cells. These results further underline the role of the defective ribosomal product pathway in adaptive immunity.
Development of insulin-producing cells from primitive biologic precursors (2009)

Although tremendous progress has been made in differentiating stem cells into insulin-producing cells, there is still more research needed to produce a fully functional adult beta cell.
Argentina: Responsabilidad del Gestor de Bancos de Datos (2006)

En el caso de bancos electrónicos de datos de índole jurídica donde hay memorización y transmisión de resúmenes o extractos de pronunciamientos judiciales, dictamenes administrativos etc, se puede afectar a los intereses de los autores de la documentación de primer grado cuyo contenido puede haber sido tergiversado, pero también pueden verse perjuidicados los usuarios en su legítima expectativa de acceder a información correcta ya sea porque los sumarios son incompletos o inexactos o por la trasmisión tardía de los informes.
Rheological behavior and self-healing of hydrogen-bonded complexes of a triblock Pluronic<sup>®</sup> copolymer with a weak polyacid (2017)

Hydrogen-bonded polymer complexes (HBPCs) form upon association of macromolecules via multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The transient nature of their hydrogen bonding enables their responsiveness to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and solvents or external fields. Here, hydrogen-bonded assemblies were obtained via the complexation of a triblock copolymer Pluronic® F127, with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). Various rheological material functions of PMAA/F127 complexes, including dynamic properties, relaxation modulus, and shear viscosity, were characterized using steady torsional, oscillatory shear, step strain, compressive squeeze, and capillary flows. The structure of the HBPCs involves agglomerates of the hydrogen-bonded complexes, i.e. nanoclusters, connected by hydrogen bonding interactions. The strengths of the hydrogen bonds in the HBPCs could be manipulated via the exposure of these complexes to aqueous solutions at different pH levels and/or cosolvent concentrations, resulting in changes in the elasticity and viscosity of the HBPCs. Especially the ionization degree, the resultant ratio of the polyacid to F127, and the development of micro- and nanoscale porosity played significant roles in the manipulation of the rheological behavior of the HBPCs. Under low pH conditions, the PMAA/F127 HBPCs could be extruded from capillary dies with relatively small diameters (800–1500 μm) and high length over diameter ratios (40–60). Upon exit from capillary dies, the extrudates preserved their shape, albeit exhibiting flow instabilities and the associated bulk distortions at high shear rates. Under low pH conditions, the generalized Maxwell model described the relaxation modulus in the linear regime, and the Kaye-Bernstein, Kearsley and Zapas model was effective in the prediction of the shear viscosity of the HBPC. The self-healing behavior of PMAA/F127 complexes was demonstrated and linked to the pH-controllable hydrogen-bonding interactions between PMAA and F127.
Eigenvector-based spatial filtering for reduction of physiological interference in diffuse optical imaging (2005)

Diffuse optical imaging is an effective technique for noninvasive functional brain imaging. However, the measurements respond to systemic hemodynamic fluctuations caused by the cardiac cycle, respiration, and blood pressure, which may obscure or overwhelm the desired stimulus-evoked response. Previous work on this problem employed temporal filtering, estimation of systemic effects from background pixels, or modeling of interference signals with predefined basis functions, with some success. However, weak signals are still lost in the interference, and other complementary methods are desirable. We use the spatial behavior of measured baseline signals to identify the interference subspaces. We then project signals components in this subspace out of the stimulation data. In doing so, we assume that systemic interference components will be more global spatially, with higher energy, than the stimulus-evoked signals of interest. Thus, the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues of an appropriate correlation matrix form the basis for an interference subspace. By projecting the data onto the orthogonal nullspace of these eigenvectors, we can obtain more localized response, as reflected in improved contrast-to-noise ratio and correlation coefficient maps.
Real-time motion supression in TOF range images (2010)

Object movement influences distance reliability of 3D TOF cameras and thus affects subsequent processing task in a negative way. This paper proposed a simple motion suppression method for objects moving on a conveyor belt, which can be easily implemented into a FPGA. Due to the hardware implementation real-time performance is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is working effectively.
Co-lethality studied as an asset against viral drug escape: the HIV protease case (2010)

This article was reviewed by Arcady Mushegian, Shamil Sunyaev and Claus Wilke.
Femtosecond pulse phase measurement by spectrally resolved up-conversion: application to continuum compression (1992)

The authors have developed an extension of the usual cross-correlation method in order to get the amplitude and phase of a femtosecond light pulse. This is done by analyzing the spectra of the upconverted pulse obtained by mixing the initial pulse with the reference pulse delayed with different times. The theory is worked out in closed form for Gaussian pulses and then checked with simulations for arbitrary fields. It is shown that the phase derivative of any probed pulse can be directly recovered in the limit where the reference is narrowband. This technique is used to measure the chirp induced at the output of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire oscillator. This technique is then applied to the determination of the exact pulse shape of a 21-fs compressed continuum at 770 nm using, as a reference, the initial fundamental 65-fs pulse at 620 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adoptive chemoimmunotherapy of murine leukemia with helper T lymphocyte clones. (1987)

Antigen-specific syngeneic noncytolytic helper T lymphocyte clones were investigated for their ability to mediate successful adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of mice with established RBL5 tumors. Clone B10, specific for the viral coat m.w. 70,000 glycoprotein, could be rapidly activated in situ after local transfer with intact tumor cells in syngeneic hosts to produce a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. For ACIT, mice bearing 5-day-old tumors received cyclophosphamide followed by transfer of resting helper T lymphocyte clones with or without exogenous interleukin 2 (rIL-2). A single injection of clone B10 was effective in ACIT when followed by a short course of exogenous rIL-2. Alternatively, repeated injections of resting clone were also effective without exogenous rIL-2, suggesting that the major role for rIL-2 was prolongation of clone survival in vivo rather than activation of other effector cells. Clone F12, specific for a component of fetal calf serum, was not effective in ACIT either with or without rIL-2, even when administered under conditions known to result in clone activation. Thus, antigen-specific helper T lymphocyte clones are capable of activation and promotion of antitumor responses after adoptive transfer.
A new approach to all pairs shortest paths in planar graphs (1987)

An algorithm is presented for generating a succinct encoding of all pairs shortest path information in a directed planar graph G with real-valued edge costs but no negative cycles. The algorithm runs in Ο(pn) time, where n is the number of vertices in G, and p is the minimum cardinality of a subset of the faces that cover all vertices, taken over all planar embeddings of G. Linear-time algorithms are presented for various subproblems including that of finding an appropriate embedding of G and a corresponding face-on-vertex covering of cardinality Ο(p), and of generating all pairs shortest path information in a directed outerplanar graph.
A software-based real-time MPEG-2 video encoder (2000)

Dedicated hardware previously has been required to perform real-time MPEG-2 video encoding. However, with increases in clock frequency and the introduction of video-specific instruction sets, general-purpose processors can now approximate the function and performance of single-function hardware. In this paper, we describe a software-only MPEG-2 (MP@ML) video encoder implemented on a personal computer using an Intel/sup TM/ Pentium(R) III processor. This encoder is capable of real-time operation while consuming less than 70% of the processor. The main contribution of this work is a set of algorithmic simplifications that significantly reduces the computational load of the encoding process while only slightly degrading the subjective video quality compared to encoders that are more exhaustive.
Phospholipid Flippase Activities and Substrate Specificities of Human Type IV P-type ATPases Localized to the Plasma Membrane (2014)

Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are believed to translocate aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytoplasmic leaflets of cellular membranes. The yeast P4-ATPases, Drs2p and Dnf1p/Dnf2p, flip nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled phosphatidylserine at the Golgi complex and nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled phosphatidylcholine (PC) at the plasma membrane, respectively. However, the flippase activities and substrate specificities of mammalian P4-ATPases remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established an assay for phospholipid flippase activities of plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPases using human cell lines stably expressing ATP8B1, ATP8B2, ATP11A, and ATP11C. We found that ATP11A and ATP11C have flippase activities toward phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine but not PC or sphingomyelin. By contrast, ATPase-deficient mutants of ATP11A and ATP11C did not exhibit any flippase activity, indicating that these enzymes catalyze flipping in an ATPase-dependent manner. Furthermore, ATP8B1 and ATP8B2 exhibited preferential flippase activities toward PC. Some ATP8B1 mutants found in patients of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1), a severe liver disease caused by impaired bile flow, failed to translocate PC despite their delivery to the plasma membrane. Moreover, incorporation of PC mediated by ATP8B1 can be reversed by simultaneous expression of ABCB4, a PC floppase mutated in PFIC3 patients. Our findings elucidate the flippase activities and substrate specificities of plasma membrane-localized human P4-ATPases and suggest that phenotypes of some PFIC1 patients result from impairment of the PC flippase activity of ATP8B1.
Functional Significance of Shade-Induced Leaf Senescence in Dense Canopies: An Experimental Test Using Transgenic Tobacco (2006)

Canopy photosynthesis models have predicted an optimal leaf area index (LAI; leaf area per unit surface area) and leaf nitrogen distribution at which whole‐plant carbon gain per unit N is maximized. In this study we experimentally tested these models, using transgenic PSAG12‐IPT tobacco (SAG; Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants with delayed leaf senescence and therefore a greater LAI and more uniform N distribution than the wild type (WT). In a competition experiment, the increased density of surrounding WT plants caused a greater reduction in dry mass of mature SAG target plants than in that of WT target plants, indicating negative effects of delayed leaf senescence on performance at high canopy density. Vegetative SAG plants achieved a lower calculated daily carbon gain than competing WT plants because the former retained leaves with a negative carbon gain in the shaded, lower part of the canopy. Sensitivity analyses showed that the carbon gain of SAG plants would increase if these lower leaves were shed and the N reallocated from these leaves were used to form additional leaf area at the canopy top. This strategy, which is adopted by the WT, is most advantageous because it results in the shading of competing neighbors.
George P. Gross (2019)

George P. Gross, 94, died on Oct. 13, 2018, in Chatham, New Jersey. “George was a research associate for Exxon for more than 30 years, focusing on cleaner-burning fuels and receiving patents for his work. He was a US Navy veteran of World War II and served as a navigation officer aboard the USS Topeka. In his youth, George was active as a Boy Scout, attending the first National Jamboree and attaining the Eagle Scout rank. He remained active in Scouting with his sons, as a leader in both Troops 71 and 77 in Westfield, New Jersey. As a Scout leader, he taught young men to become active citizens who grew up to contribute to their community and beyond. George had a lifelong passion for nature and outdoor activities such as bird watching and hiking.”—family of George Gross Most recent title: Research associate, Exxon Education: PhD, chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Restricted Access to Exam Grades on the Web by HIP (2007)

Virtual learning is a new idea that has attained a new form with the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet. One of the issues in the field of E-learning is the way of announcing exams' grades. In this paper, a new method is introduced for restricting public access to exams' grades on the web by using a new HIP (Human Interactive Proofs) system. In this method, the picture of a multiple-choice or short answer question from the exam is shown and the students are asked to answer it for accessing the grades. Since the picture of the question is viewed the computer cannot answer it. On the other hand, only students of that course can answer the question and have access to grades because of the professional nature of the question. This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
Tool path optimisation for flank milling ruled surface based on the distance function (2009)

This paper deals with optimised tool path generation for five-axis flank milling using signed point-to-surface distance function. The main idea is that the geometrical deviations between the design surface and the machined surface are minimised by fine tuning the cutter locations. Based on the tangency conditions in envelope theory, the analytic representation of the envelope surface of a cutter undergoing five-axis motion is first obtained. Then the geometrical deviations between the envelope surface (i.e. machined surface) and the design surface are calculated. Optimisation of the five-axis tool path is modeled as the fine tuning of the initial cutter locations under the minimum zone criterion recommended by ANSI and ISO, which requires minimisation of the maximum geometrical deviation between the design surface and the envelope surface. Using the signed point-to-surface distance function, tool path optimisation for finish milling is formulated as a constrained optimisation problem. Based on the first-order Taylor approximation of the signed distance function, two sequential approximation algorithms for the Minimax and Least Square optimisations are developed. Numerical examples, in which a conical tool is chosen as a special case of flank machining ruled surface, verify the proposed strategy.
Display and Analysis of Flow Cytometric Data (1980)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
A Novel Method of MOSFET Series Resistance Extraction Featuring Constant Mobility Criteria and Mobility Universality (2010)

A method of MOSFET series resistance extraction is established in this paper. The core of this method relies on the constant mobility criteria, while for different gate lengths, it preserves the shape of universal mobility curves in the high-vertical-field regime. Consequently, the series resistance of a MOSFET can be extracted in an analytical and self-consistent manner, achieved without the knowledge of the gate oxide thickness, channel length, channel doping, or channel stress. Reasonable values of extracted series resistance are demonstrated in a wide range of gate length. Technology computer-aided design simulation further corroborates the validity of the proposed method, particularly for devices with heavily doped source/drain extensions. The constant mobility criteria with respect to the bulk charge linearization coefficient are also verified.