gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AGU to keep ExxonMobil sponsorship (2016)

Leaders of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) will continue corporate sponsorship with ExxonMobil. AGU’s board considered whether accepting funding from ExxonMobil would conflict with its sponsorship policy, which says the society will not accept funding from promoters of scientific misinformation or those that would damage the society’s reputation. ExxonMobil is under investigation for allegedly spreading misinformation for decades about the link between fossil-fuel use and human-caused climate change. The leadership of the professional society for earth and planetary scientists came under fire in February for accepting financial backing from ExxonMobil for AGU’s annual meeting. In a blog post, AGU President Margaret Leinen says ExxonMobil contributed $35,000 in 2015 for a student breakfast during the society’s fall meeting and that future sponsorship would not be declined. “If AGU cannot turn down a mere $35K from a high-profile disinformer like Exxon, then it is hard to imagine it ever adhering to its
Applications of Zr-Catalyzed Carbomagnesation and Mo-Catalyzed Macrocyclic Ring Closing Metathesis in Asymmetric Synthesis. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Sch 38516 (Fluvirucin B<sub>1</sub>) (1997)

The first enantioselective total synthesis of antifungal agent Sch 38516, also known as fluvirucin B1, is described. The synthesis includes a convergent asymmetric preparation of amine 17 and acid 18, which are then united to afford diene 62. Metal-catalyzed transformations play a crucial role in the synthesis of the latter moiety. Of particular note are the diastereo- and enantioselective Zr-catalyzed alkylations, a tandem Ti- and Ni-catalyzed process that constitutes a hydrovinylation reaction, and a Ru-catalyzed alcohol oxidation to afford carboxylic acid 18. The requisite carbohydrate 38 is synthesized in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective fashion. Optical purity of the carbohydrate moiety arises from the use of the asymmetric dihydroxylation method of Sharpless; diastereochemical control is achieved through a selective dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition with a readily available amine serving as the chiral auxiliary. Union of the appropriately outfitted carbohydrate 71 and diene 62 through an efficient and diastereoselective glycosylation is followed by a remarkably efficient Mo-catalyzed macrocyclization that proceeds readily at room temperature.
Testing Electrical Installations in Aircraft (1945)

MOST aircraft manufacturers would like to be able to check completely the functioning of all electrical installations while the aircraft is still in the rigging shop and without having to start the engines. Some tests, such as those for continuity of circuits and for “earths,” have for long been made at an early stage in the assembly; and much thought has, without doubt, gone on ways and means of increasing the amount of testing which can be done without running the engines.
Standardized chemical synthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin (2014)

Preparation of the toxin pyocyanin from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an exacting procedure. Pyocyanin is expensive to commercially purchase. The sellers do not give out the extraction procedure. Classically, pyocyanin preparation involves complicated multi-step P. aeruginosa culturing and solvent transfer extractions. The chemical synthesis first used (1979) has not been adequately described. We devised an easily reproducible protocol which consistently decreases the time taken for synthesis, extraction and purification of pyocyanin, and increases the pure pyocyanin proportion produced. Our procedure:•Involves more purification steps (chloroform/methanol/acidification/alkalinization).•Starts with a different pH (7.4 instead of 7), and lesser concentration of phenazine methosulfate; and retrenches a rotary evaporation step.•Removes 2 lyophilization steps, and entails different solvent proportions for thin layer chromatography. As we have extracted pyocyanin both from P. aeruginosa cultures, and via chemical synthesis; we know the procedural and product-quality differences. We endorse the relative ease, safety, and convenience of using the chemical synthesis described here. Crucially, our "naturally endotoxin-free" pyocyanin can be extracted easily without using infectious bacteria.
Tea Polyphenols Decrease Serum Levels of Prostate-Specific Antigen, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients and Inhibit Production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor <i>In vitro</i> (2009)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term supplementation with the active compounds in green tea on serum biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer. Twenty-six men with positive prostate biopsies and scheduled for radical prostatectomy were given daily doses of Polyphenon E, which contained 800 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and lesser amounts of (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (a total of 1.3 g of tea polyphenols), until time of radical prostatectomy. Serum was collected before initiation of the drug study and on the day of prostatectomy. Serum biomarkers hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were analyzed by ELISA. Toxicity was monitored primarily through liver function enzymes. Changes in serum components were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Cancer-associated fibroblasts were treated with EGCG, and HGF and VEGF protein and mRNA levels were measured. HGF, VEGF, PSA, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio decreased significantly during the study. All of the liver function tests also decreased, five of them significantly: total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. The decrease in HGF and VEGF was confirmed in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts in vitro. Our results show a significant reduction in serum levels of PSA, HGF, and VEGF in men with prostate cancer after brief treatment with EGCG (Polyphenon E), with no elevation of liver enzymes. These findings support a potential role for Polyphenon E in the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.
Comparative anticholinesterase potency of chiral isoparathion methyl (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparative anticholinesterase potency of chiral isoparathion methylSeungmin Ryu, Jing Lin, and Charles M. ThompsonCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1991, 4, 5, 517–520Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00023a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (460 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Assessment of Imaging Informatics for Precision Medicine in Cancer (2017)

<b>Objectives:</b> Precision medicine requires the measurement, quantification, and cataloging of medical characteristics to identify the most effective medical intervention. However, the amount of available data exceeds our current capacity to extract meaningful information. We examine the informatics needs to achieve precision medicine from the perspective of quantitative imaging and oncology. <b>Methods:</b> The National Cancer Institute (NCI) organized several workshops on the topic of medical imaging and precision medicine. The observations and recommendations are summarized herein. <b>Results:</b> Recommendations include: use of standards in data collection and clinical correlates to promote interoperability; data sharing and validation of imaging tools; clinician's feedback in all phases of research and development; use of open-source architecture to encourage reproducibility and reusability; use of challenges which simulate real-world situations to incentivize innovation; partnership with industry to facilitate commercialization; and education in academic communities regarding the challenges involved with translation of technology from the research domain to clinical utility and the benefits of doing so. <b>Conclusions:</b> This article provides a survey of the role and priorities for imaging informatics to help advance quantitative imaging in the era of precision medicine. While these recommendations were drawn from oncology, they are relevant and applicable to other clinical domains where imaging aids precision medicine.
The anatomy of the register file in a multiscalar processor (1994)

This paper presents the operation of the register file in the Multiscalar architecture. The register file provides the appearance of a logically centralized register file, yet is implemented as physically decentralized register files, queues, and control logic in a Multiscalar processor. We address the key issues of storage, communication, and synchronization required for successful design and discuss the complications that arise in the face of speculation. In particular, the hardware required to implement the register file is detailed, and software support to streamline the operation of the register file is described. Illustrative examples detailing important aspects of the operation of the register file and an evaluation of its effectiveness are provided.
Four serine proteinases expressed in <i>Manduca sexta</i> haemocytes (1999)

Several putative serine proteinases were detected in Manduca sexta larval plasma by labelling with radioactive diisopropyl fluorophosphate. To begin to identify and characterize such enzymes, a polymerase chain reaction was carried out using haemocyte cDNA as template and primers designed to amplify conserved sequences from serine proteinases. Four serine proteinase cDNA fragments were cloned. These were used as probes to screen an M. sexta larval haemocyte cDNA library to obtain full-length clones encoding haemocyte proteinases 1-4 (HP1, HP2, HP3 and HP4). HP1 and HP2 contain an aminoterminal 'clip' domain similar to those found in horseshoe crab clotting enzyme and clotting factor B and also in the Drosophila melanogaster proteinases snake and easter. HP3 and HP4 are most similar to proteinases from mammalian leucocytes. HP1 and HP2 are both present in plasma. HP1 is expressed in haemocytes (granular cells and oenocytoids) and not in fat body. HP2 is expressed in fat body and in granular haemocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids. After injection of larvae with bacteria, the level of HP2 mRNA decreased in haemocytes and increased in fat body.
Textural features corresponding to textural properties (1989)

Five properties of texture, namely, coarseness, contrast, business, complexity, and texture strength, are given conceptual definitions in terms of spatial changes in intensity. These conceptual definitions are then approximated in computational forms. In comparison with human perceptual measurements, the computational measures have shown good correspondences in the rank ordering of ten natural textures. The extent to which the measures approximate visual perception was investigated in the form of texture similarity measurements. These results were also encouraging, although not as good as in the rank ordering of the textures. The differences may be due to the complex mechanism of human usage of multiple cues. Improved classification results were obtained using the above features as compared with two existing texture analysis techniques. The application of the features in agricultural land-use classification is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temporal difference method for multi-step prediction: application to power load forecasting (2002)

The authors discuss a power load forecasting system based on a temporal difference (TD) method. The temporal difference method is a class of statistical learning procedure specialized for future prediction. The conventional back propagation (BP) has been successfully applied to power load forecasting in a one-to-one single-step prediction manner. The authors adopt a method which can gradually improve its prediction accuracy through the time evolution. In addition, a modified temporal difference (MTD) method which uses a different error function is evaluated and compared with the original one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Chronic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Injections on Secretion of Prolactin, Thyrotropin and Growth Hormone and on Growth Rate in Wether Lambs (1976)

In a series of experiments, wether lambs (beginning weight 20 to 30 kg) were chronically injected (subcutaneoulsy) with synthetic thyro-tropin-releasing hromone (TRH). The objectives were to examine pituitary prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to chronic TRH stimulation and subsequent treatment effects on growth rate and feed efficiency. The injection of TRH twice daily for 2 weeks (50 µg/injection) increased (P<.01) plasma concentrations of PRL and TSH but not GH on days 1, 7 and 14 of treatment. There was no difference between days 1, 7 or 14 in TSH or PRL secretion in response to TRH stimulation. Treatment with TRH was associated with a nonsignificant increase in nitrogen retention. Once weekly injections of TRH (1 mg) for 9 to 12 weeks increased the concentration of PRL and TSH in plasma on days 1, 30 and 60 of treatment. Plasma GH concentrations were higher (P<.05) in TRH treated lambs on day 1 and 30, but not on day 60. Chronic TRH treatment was associated with average daily gains which were 1.3 to 18.4% above saline injected controls. These differences, however, were not significant. In the final experiment, TRH (1 mg once weekly) treated lambs grew at a faster rate (.10>P>.05), were on feed 6 days less (P<.05) than controls, and their carcasses contained less (P<.05) marbling suggesting that TRH treatment did produce a significant growth effect which was associated with less deposition of intramuscular fat. These results demonstrate that PRL and TSH secretions were chronically elevated during chronic TRH injections into wether lambs. Secretion of GH in response to TRH was variable. The data also suggest that, using appropriate dose and method of administration, TRH may be a potential growth stimulant in lambs.
23. Seasonal Changes in the Radium-226 Distribution on the Southeastern USA Continental Shelf; Implications for Changing Submarine Groundwater Discharge (2007)

Enrichments of radium isotopes in coastal waters have served as indicators of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Because coastal waters exchange with the open ocean on a time scale of weeks to months, seasonal patterns of radium isotope distribution may be used to indicate changes in SGD through the year. Here I report the seasonal distributions of 226 Ra measured in surface waters of the continental shelf of southern USA. The study area encompassed most of the South Atlantic Bight. Activities of 226 Ra were highest off the coast of Georgia. In summer, these high activities extended throughout the study area; but during the spring and winter they decreased markedly off the coast of South Carolina. The primary source of excess 226 Ra (that is activities in excess of open ocean values) is SGD. Because the activities of 226 Ra in SGD vary little with season, the lower excess activities off South Carolina imply lower rates of SGD during the spring and winter.
Environmentally friendly method in reactive dyeing of cotton (1996)

The recipe for reactive dyeing of cotton can be divided into three steps: the pretreatment, the dyebath and the final rinse. The consumption of chemicals and water in the rinse has been found to be considerable: three quarters of the total COD discharge of the recipe have relations to auxiliary chemicals used and three quarters of the total water consumption have relation to the rinse. The improvement potential in the rinsing procedure were found to be considerable, and the newly developed recipe focuses on improvements in the rinse. Tests with the new recipe have documented that neutralization, detergents and complexing agents can be left out completely with no adverse effect on product quality. All recognized tests of fastness and shade have been performed and evaluated in cooperation with the dyehouses. More than 50 full-scale dyeing experiments have been carried out in jets, overflow and drum batch machines. The experiments include 25 different reactive dyestuffs, among these azo, anthrachinon, phtalocyanin and formazan dyestuffs, including both monoreactive and bireactive dyestuffs of which 15 had the vinyl sulfone as reactive group. The dyestuffs have been combined in 20 different recipes covering very light to very dark shades. Hot membrane filtration of the hot rinsing water has been investigated in parallel projects and it is documented that membrane filtration saves chemicals, water and production time, and also gives large energy savings in one new recipe.
Polarization of light on reflection by some natural surfaces (1968)

The polarization features of light reflected by soil, desert sand, white sand and water under different conditions of illumination with natural (unpolarized) and linearly polarized light have been investigated in three narrow spectral intervals (bandwidth similar 150 Å) centred on wavelengths 3975, 5000 and 6050 Å. A simple `rotating-analyser' type photoelectric reflectometer was used in the measurements. The data were acquired in computer compatible format to facilitate Fourier analysis of the photosignal. The degree of polarization and relative intensity variations have been determined from a knowledge of the Fourier coefficients. The polarization of light reflected by soil, desert sand and white sand exhibits pronounced wavelength dependence. There is over-all similarity in the behaviour of soil and desert sand. White sand shows a strong tendency to behave like an ideal diffuser (Lambert surface). The hypothesis of scattering of light by an `optically rough, locally smooth' surface has to be invoked to explain the reflection characteristics of an apparently smooth surface of water.
A Study of the Charlesworth Landslides near Glossop, North Derbyshire (1965)

LANDSLIDES ARE both numerous and conspicuous features of the southern Pennines but their distribution is largely restricted to the valley slopes eroded in the Carboniferous shales and sandstones (Fig. I). Their formation has been favoured because the Mersey and Derwent tributaries have eroded deep valleys with steep slopes in areas where massive sandstones overlie thick beds of less resistant shales, mudstones and flaggy sandstones. The instability of slope resulting from incision under these conditions appears to have been relieved by mass movement at various periods, but so far examination of these features has been confined to rather general comments or to work published only in abstracts. The Geological Survey has recorded the location of many landslides on official maps and offered some comment in the Memoirsl but the main contributions appear to be two unpublished theses by Margaret M. Bass andJ. Street.2 The present paper describes the morphology of two landslide areas at Cown Edge, Charlesworth, near Glossop. The associated landslide scars known locally as Coombes Rocks and Slack Edge (Fig. 2), were produced under comparable conditions and sufficient information is available to suggest the probable causes of the slope failure and the nature of the mechanism at work. An attempt has also been made by using palynological data, to determine the periods when slip movements occurred.3
Bitline Techniques With Dual Dynamic Nodes for Low-Power Register Files (2013)

Wide fan-in dynamic multiplexers are one of the critical circuits of read-out paths in high-speed register files. However, these dynamic gates have poor noise immunity, which is aggravated by their wide fan-in structure, and their high switching activity consumes significant power. We present new footer voltage feedforward domino (FVFD) and static-switching pulse domino (SSPD) designs for dynamic multiplexers. Both improve noise tolerance, and both reduce the switching power by limiting the voltage swing on the large bitline capacitance through the introduction of dual dynamic nodes. The FVFD technique is based on charge sharing, while SSPD employs a conditional pulse generator to achieve a limited-switching behavior. Adopting these dual dynamic node techniques, we implemented 32-word × 16-bits/word (0.5-Kb) 1-read, 1-write ported register files in a 1.2-V, 65-nm low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> CMOS process. Although the SSPD and FVFD techniques respectively require 2.4 and 1.4 times more area than the established single-keeper domino technique, comparative analysis through simulations and measurement results suggests that they can be advantageous in terms of both read power and noise immunity.
Ciguatoxin is a novel type of Na+ channel toxin. (1984)

Purified ciguatoxin at 0.1 to 10 ng/ml inhibits the net accumulation of neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine) by brain synaptosomes. This action is due to a stimulation of neurotransmitter release. The half-maximum effect of the toxin is observed at 0.62 ng/ml. The effect of ciguatoxin is completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin (K0.5 = 4 nM). Electrophysiological studies on neuroblastoma cells indicate that ciguatoxin induces a membrane depolarization which is prevented by tetrodotoxin and which is due to an action that increases Na+ permeability. Under appropriate conditions ciguatoxin creates spontaneous oscillations in the membrane polarization level and repeated action potentials. Ciguatoxin stimulates 22Na+ entry through the voltage-dependent Na+ channels of neuroblastoma cells and rat skeletal myoblasts when it is used in synergy with veratridine, batrachotoxin, pyrethroids, sea anemone, or scorpion toxins. The half-maximum effect of ciguatoxin on 22Na+ flux in the presence of veratridine occurs at a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. Stimulation of 22Na+ flux by ciguatoxin is abolished by tetrodotoxin. These results taken together indicate that ciguatoxin belongs to a new class of toxins acting on Na+ channels.
N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolylamine derivatives for the ultramicrodetermination of amines by mass fragmentography. (1977)

The fragmentation of 21 kinds of biochemically important amines after leading to N-trifluoracetyl-L-prolyl derivatives is investigated for the concurrent ultramicrodetermination or the selective identification of each amine. It was found that N-trifluoroacetyl L-prolylamine derivatives are useful for the concurrent determination of ultra microamounts (about 10-10 g level) of amines by mass fragmentography or the selective identification of amines by monitoring the each diagnostic peaks.