gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TWEAK/Fn14 Signaling Axis Mediates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Metabolic Dysfunction (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) through binding to its receptor fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) has been shown to regulate many cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, under both physiological and pathological conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that TWEAK is also a major muscle wasting cytokine. TWEAK activates nuclear factor-κB signaling and proteolytic pathways such as ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and caspases to induce muscle proteolysis in cultured myotubes. Fn14 is dormant or expressed in minimal amounts in normal healthy muscle. However, specific atrophic conditions, such as denervation, immobilization, and starvation stimulate the expression of Fn14 leading to activation of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling and eventually skeletal muscle atrophy. TWEAK also causes slow- to fast-type fiber transition in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that TWEAK diminishes mitochondrial content and represses skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation capacity. TWEAK mediates these effects through affecting the expression of a number of genes and microRNAs. In this review article, we have discussed the recent advancements toward understanding the role and mechanisms of action of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in skeletal muscle with particular reference to different models of atrophy and oxidative metabolism.
Fast PageRank Computation via a Sparse Linear System (2005)

Recently, the research community has devoted increased attention to reducing the computational time needed by web ranking algorithms. In particular, many techniques have been proposed to speed up the well-known PageRank algorithm used by Google. This interest is motivated by two dominant factors: (1) the web graph has huge dimensions and is subject to dramatic updates in terms of nodes and links, therefore the PageRank assignment tends to became obsolete very soon; (2) many PageRank vectors need to be computed according to different choices of the personalization vectors or when adopting strategies of collusion detection. In this paper, we show how the PageRank computation in the original random surfer model can be transformed in the problem of computing the solution of a sparse linear system. The sparsity of the obtained linear system makes it possible to exploit the effectiveness of the Markov chain index reordering to speed up the PageRank computation. In particular, we rearrange the system matrix according to several permutations, and we apply different scalar and block iterative methods to solve smaller linear systems. We tested our approaches on web graphs crawled from the net. The largest one contains about 24 millions nodes and more than 100 million links. Upon this web graph, the cost for computing the PageRank is reduced by 65% in terms of Mflops and by 92% in terms of time respect to the power method commonly used.
The U.S. Army Telemedicine Program: General Overview and Current Status in Southwest Asia (2006)

This paper presents and discusses the U.S. Army telemedicine support systems currently available to our deployed forces in Southwest Asia. Organization and structure of the support system are discussed, along with some of the business rules and policies developed for its use. Some of the lessons learned are directly applicable to any type of large-scale telemedicine deployment, civilian or military.
Location privacy in pervasive computing (2003)

As location-aware applications begin to track our movements in the name of convenience, how can we protect our privacy? This article introduces the mix zone-a new construction inspired by anonymous communication techniques-together with metrics for assessing user anonymity. It is based on frequently changing pseudonyms.
Mammalian microtubule P-body dynamics are mediated by nesprin-1 (2014)

Nesprins are a multi-isomeric family of spectrin-repeat (SR) proteins, predominantly known as nuclear envelope scaffolds. However, isoforms that function beyond the nuclear envelope remain poorly examined. Here, we characterize p50(Nesp1), a 50-kD isoform that localizes to processing bodies (PBs), where it acts as a microtubule-associated protein capable of linking mRNP complexes to microtubules. Overexpression of dominant-negative p50(Nesp1) caused Rck/p54, but not GW182, displacement from microtubules, resulting in reduced PB movement and cross talk with stress granules (SGs). These cells disassembled canonical SGs induced by sodium arsenite, but not those induced by hydrogen peroxide, leading to cell death and revealing PB-microtubule attachment is required for hydrogen peroxide-induced SG anti-apoptotic functions. Furthermore, p50(Nesp1) was required for miRNA-mediated silencing and interacted with core miRISC silencers Ago2 and Rck/p54 in an RNA-dependent manner and with GW182 in a microtubule-dependent manner. These data identify p50(Nesp1) as a multi-functional PB component and microtubule scaffold necessary for RNA granule dynamics and provides evidence for PB and SG micro-heterogeneity.
Preparation of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics from (1−x)BNLT-xBT Ceramics System (2007)

The preparation of Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics of lanthanum doped bismuth sodium tinanate (Bi 0.487 Na 0.487 La 0.017 TiO 3 : BNLT) and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 : BT) have been carried out in the system of (1−x)BNLT-xBT where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.0. The BNLT and BT powders were produced separately using conventional method and they were then mixed by following above ratios. Physical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were also observed. The optimum sintering temperatures of ceramics are in the range of 1100°C to 1150°C with a soaking time for 2 hours. The optimum conditions in terms of microstructure, physical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were found in the (1−x)BNLT-xBT ceramic with x = 0.2.
Recursive state estimation for a set-membership description of uncertainty (1971)

This paper is concerned with the problem of estimating the state of a linear dynamic system using noise-corrupted observations, when input disturbances and observation errors are unknown except for the fact that they belong to given bounded sets. The cases of both energy constraints and individual instantaneous constraints for the uncertain quantities are considereal. In the former case, the set of possible system states compatible with the observations received is shown to be an ellipsoid, and equations for its center and weighting matrix are given, while in the latter case, equations describing a bounding ellipsoid to the set of possible states are derived. All three problems of filtering, prediction, and smoothing are examined by relating them to standard tracking problems of optimal control theory. The resulting estimators are similar in structure and comparable in simplicity to the corresponding stochastic linear minimum-variance estimators, and it is shown that they provide distinct advantages over existing schemes for recursive estimation with a set-membership description of uncertainty.
High-Affinity Transport of Choline- <i>O</i> -Sulfate and Its Use as a Compatible Solute in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1999)

We report here that the naturally occurring choline ester choline-O-sulfate serves as an effective compatible solute for Bacillus subtilis, and we have identified a high-affinity ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system responsible for its uptake. The osmoprotective effect of this trimethylammonium compound closely matches that of the potent and widely employed osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Growth experiments with a set of B. subtilis strains carrying defined mutations in the glycine betaine uptake systems OpuA, OpuC, and OpuD and in the high-affinity choline transporter OpuB revealed that choline-O-sulfate was specifically acquired from the environment via OpuC. Competition experiments demonstrated that choline-O-sulfate functioned as an effective competitive inhibitor for OpuC-mediated glycine betaine uptake, with a Ki of approximately 4 microM. Uptake studies with [1, 2-dimethyl-14C]choline-O-sulfate showed that its transport was stimulated by high osmolality, and kinetic analysis revealed that OpuC has high affinity for choline-O-sulfate, with a Km value of 4 +/- 1 microM and a maximum rate of transport (Vmax) of 54 +/- 3 nmol/min. mg of protein in cells grown in minimal medium with 0.4 M NaCl. Growth studies utilizing a B. subtilis mutant defective in the choline to glycine betaine synthesis pathway and natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of whole-cell extracts from the wild-type strain demonstrated that choline-O-sulfate was accumulated in the cytoplasm and was not hydrolyzed to choline by B. subtilis. In contrast, the osmoprotective effect of acetylcholine for B. subtilis is dependent on its biotransformation into glycine betaine. Choline-O-sulfate was not used as the sole carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur source, and our findings thus characterize this choline ester as an effective compatible solute and metabolically inert stress compound for B. subtilis. OpuC mediates the efficient transport not only of glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate but also of carnitine, crotonobetaine, and gamma-butyrobetaine (R. Kappes and E. Bremer, Microbiology 144:83-90, 1998). Thus, our data underscore its crucial role in the acquisition of a variety of osmoprotectants from the environment by B. subtilis.
Complete resonance assignment for the polypeptide backbone of interleukin 1.beta. using three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy (1990)

The complete sequence-specific assignment of the 15N and 1H backbone resonances of the NMR spectrum of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (153 residues, Mr = 17,400) has been obtained by using primarily 15N-1H heteronuclear three-dimensional (3D) NMR techniques in combination with 15N-1H heteronuclear and 1H homonuclear two-dimensional NMR. The fingerprint region of the spectrum was analyzed by using a combination of 3D heteronuclear 1H Hartmann-Hahn 15N-1H multiple quantum coherence (3D HOHAHA-HMQC) and 3D heteronuclear 1H nuclear Overhauser 15N-1H multiple quantum coherence (3D NOESY-HMQC) spectroscopies. We show that the problems of amide NH and C alpha H chemical shift degeneracy that are prevalent for proteins of this size are readily overcome by using the 3D heteronuclear NMR technique. A doubling of some peaks in the spectrum was found to be due to N-terminal heterogeneity of the 15N-labeled protein, corresponding to a mixture of wild-type and des-Ala-1-interleukin 1 beta. The complete list of 15N and 1H assignments is given for all the amide NH and C alpha H resonances of all non-proline residues, as well as the 1H assignments for some of the amino acid side chains. This first example of the sequence-specific assignment of a protein using heteronuclear 3D NMR provides a basis for further conformational and dynamic studies of interleukin 1 beta.
Global site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of HIV envelope glycoprotein (2017)

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and the focus for design of an antibody-based HIV vaccine. The Env trimer is covered by ∼90N-linked glycans, which shield the underlying protein from immune surveillance. bNAbs to HIV develop during infection, with many showing dependence on glycans for binding to Env. The ability to routinely assess the glycan type at each glycosylation site may facilitate design of improved vaccine candidates. Here we present a general mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategy that uses specific endoglycosidases to introduce mass signatures that distinguish peptide glycosites that are unoccupied or occupied by high-mannose/hybrid or complex-type glycans. The method yields >95% sequence coverage for Env, provides semi-quantitative analysis of the glycosylation status at each glycosite. We find that most glycosites in recombinant Env trimers are fully occupied by glycans, varying in the proportion of high-mannose/hybrid and complex-type glycans.
Submarine cable infrastructure defense against terrorist aggression (2003)

This paper addresses the evolving subsea infrastructure protection environment, representing industry, governmental, and judicial positions on infrastructure defense. It also addresses preventing physical aggression risks to vulnerable underwater infrastructure by implanting new sensor suite developments and maritime surveillance considerations.
Flow‐induced reconfiguration of buoyant and flexible aquatic vegetation (2011)

Plant posture can play a key role in the health of aquatic vegetation, by setting drag, controlling light availability, and mediating the exchange of nutrients and oxygen. We study the flow‐induced reconfiguration of buoyant, flexible aquatic vegetation through a combination of laboratory flume experiments and theoretical modeling. The laboratory experiments measure drag and posture for model blades that span the natural range for seagrass stiffness and buoyancy. The theoretical model calculates plant posture based on a force balance that includes posture‐dependent drag and the restoring forces due to vegetation stiffness and buoyancy. When the hydrodynamic forcing is small compared to the restoring forces, the model blades remain upright and the quadratic law, F x ∝ U 2 , predicts the drag well ( F x is drag, U is velocity). When the hydrodynamic forcing exceeds the restoring forces, the blades are pushed over by the flow, and the quadratic drag law no longer applies. The model successfully predicts when this transition occurs. The model also predicts that when the dominant restoring mechanism is blade stiffness, reconfiguration leads to the scaling F x ∝ U 4/3 . When the dominant restoring mechanism is blade buoyancy, reconfiguration can lead to a sub‐linear increase in drag with velocity, i.e., F x ∝ U a with a < 1. Laboratory measurements confirm both these predictions. The model also predicts drag and posture successfully for natural systems ranging from seagrasses to marine macroalgae of more complex morphology.
Clinical Neuromythology IX — Pyramid sale in the bucket shop (1990)

The DATATOP project (Deprenyl And Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy Of Parkinsonism) is a 2-year inter-institutional study designed to test the hypothesis that, «the pathogenesis of nigral degeneration in [Parkinson's disease is] linked... to oxidative-mediated mechanisms of intrinsic and envrionmental origins»
The LIM and SH3 domain-containing protein, lasp-1, may link the cAMP signaling pathway with dynamic membrane restructuring activities in ion transporting epithelia (2000)

Lasp-1 is a unique LIM and src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing protein that was initially identified as a 40 kDa cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein in the HCl-secreting gastric parietal cell. Because cAMP is a potent stimulator of parietal cell acid secretion, we have hypothesized that changes in lasp-1 phosphorylation might be involved in the regulation of ion transport-related activities, perhaps by modulating interactions among cytoskeletal and/or vesicle-associated proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that the cAMP-dependent acid secretory agonist, histamine, induces a rapid, sustained rise in parietal cell lasp-1 phosphorylation and this increase in phosphorylation is closely correlated with the acid secretory response. In addition, elevation of intracellular cAMP concentrations appear to induce a partial redistribution of lasp-1 from the cell cortex, where it predominates along with the gamma-isoform of actin in unstimulated cells, to the beta-actin enriched, apically-directed intracellular canalicular region, which is the site of active proton transport in the parietal cell. Additional studies demonstrate that although lasp-1 mRNA and protein are expressed in a wide range of tissues, the expression is specific for certain actin-rich cell types present within these tissues. For example, gastric chief cells, which contain relatively little F-actin and secrete the enzyme, pepsinogen, by regulated exocytosis, do not appear to express lasp-1. Similarly, lasp-1 was not detected in pancreatic acinar cells, which secrete enzymes by similar mechanisms and also contain relatively low levels of F-actin. Lasp-1 also was not detectable in proximal tubules in the kidney, in gastrointestinal smooth muscle, heart or skeletal muscle. In contrast, expression was prominent in the cortical regions of ion-transporting duct cells in the pancreas and in the salivary parotid gland as well as in certain F-actin-rich cells in the distal tubule/collecting duct. Interestingly, moderate levels of expression were also detected in podocytes present in renal glomeruli and in vascular endothelium. In primary cultures of gastric fibroblasts, lasp-1 was present mainly within the tips of lamellipodia and at the leading edges of membrane ruffles. Taken together these results support the hypothesis that the lasp-1 plays an important role in the regulation of dynamic actin-based, cytoskeletal activities. Agonist-dependent changes in lasp-1 phosphorylation may also serve to regulate actin-associated ion transport activities, not only in the parietal cell but also in certain other F-actin-rich secretory epithelial cell types.
Zinc Deficiency in Pregnancy and Fetal - Neonatal Outcomes and Impact of the Supplements on Pregnancy Outcomes (2012)

Introduction: Zinc is one of the essential elements of body which has an important role in natural growth, development, and many biological performances. Zinc deficiency is a major health problem and pregnant women are at high risk Zinc deficiency during pregnancy has dangerous and irreparable effects such as growth impairment, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW), preeclampsia, prematur neurobehavioral development, delayed immune system development, and leads to increase of mortality rate. Therefore, the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy and fetal period, because of lasting effects of these periods are far more than other parts of life. Data gathered from human studies indicate that using zinc supplements have contradictory effects on pregnancy period and growth, survival and neurobehavioral development of the embryo, b supplements can also have beneficial effects on neonatal immune system and decrease of infants morbidity rate resulted from infectious diseases. Hence, focus on functional outcomes of using supplements such as rates of survival, congenital malformat neurobehavioral development, and also considerations on the micronutrients interferences are suggested for further research.
Recognition of Characters in Bookshelf Images using Automatic Dictionary Selection based on Estimated Degradation. (2000)

We developed an adaptive dictionary-selection method for recognizing low-quality characters in scene images. First, the environmental conditions of the input image are estimated using an initial dictionary. Then, a relevant dictionary from several dictionaries reflecting different environmental conditions is automatically selected based on the estimation and used for recognition. Experiments on characters in images of bookshelves showed that this method achieves a higher recognition rate (89.8%) than that using one fixed dictionary (76.4%). Furthermore, recognition accuracy improved from 89.8% to 95.2% when contextual postprocessing was used.
Formulating Microemulsion Systems for a Weathered Jet Fuel Waste Using Surfactant/Cosurfactant Mixtures (2000)

This paper identifies surfactant systems capable of forming middle phase microemulsions with a weathered jet fuel at Hill AFB, Utah. A series of batch studies was conducted to characterize the hydrophobicity of this light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) and to evaluate microemulsion systems for this LNAPL. The contaminant was found to be more hydrophobic than ordinary jet fuel, thus requiring cosurfactant and electrolyte addition to formulate middle phase microemulsions. Successful salinity (NaCl) and hardness (CaCl2) scans were conducted with one anionic surfactant, Aerosol OT (AOT), and three different cosurfactant systems—one alcohol (isobutanol), one hydrotrope (sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate or SMDNS), and two nonionic surfactants [POE[20] Nash, J. H. 1987. “Field Studies of in Situ Soil Washing”. OH, EPA, , US: Cincinnati. EPA/622/2-87/110 [Google Scholar] sorbitan monostearate or T-MAZ 60 and POE[20] Nash, J. H. 1987. “Field Studies of in Situ Soil Washing”. OH, EPA, , US: Cincinnati. EPA/622/2-87/110 [Google Scholar] sorbitan monooleate or T-MAZ 80]. Of the five systems which successfully microemulsified the LNAPL (versus 10 others evaluated), one was selected for implementation in a subsequent field demonstration.
Unrepeatered 2.4 Gbit/s transmission experiment over 250 km of step-index fibre using erbium power amplifier (1990)

An erbium power amplifier is used to give a system launch power in excess of +20 dBm. In conjunction with an FSK modulation technique this allows unrepeatered transmission over 250 km of step-index fibre with a loss of 50 dB and a total dispersion of 3930 ps nm−1.
Compensation for transmission losses based on one-way propagators in the mixed domain (2012)

ABSTRACT Most true-amplitude migration algorithms based on one-way wave equations involve corrections of geometric spreading and seismic Q attenuation. However, few papers discuss the compensation of transmission losses (CTL) based on one-way wave equations. Here, we present a method to compensate for transmission losses using one-way wave propagators for a 2D case. The scheme is derived from the Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation. The CTL scheme is composed of a transmission term and a phase-shift term. The transmission term compensates amplitudes while the wave propagates through subsurfaces. The transmission term is a function of the vertical wavenumbers of two adjacent heterogeneous screens. The phase-shift term is a Fourier finite-difference (FFD) propagator implemented in a mixed domain via Fourier transform. The transmission term can be flexibly incorporated into the conventional phase-shift migration algorithm, i.e., FFD, at every depth step. We analyze the effects of frequency, lateral velocity contrast, and vertical velocity ratio on the accuracy of the presented formulae. Numerical examples from a flat model and a fault model with lateral velocity variations are presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme for compensation of transmission losses.
Design and control of variable field permanent magnet motors (2019)

This is a survey paper focusing on permanent magnet motors with variable field capability. The synchronous motors, which have been applied to somewhat limited fields, have garnered attention as attractive electric drives. Due to a connection with rare‐earth magnet and power electronics‐based flexible control, current permanent magnet synchronous motors have achieved the best position in terms of high power and torque densities, high efficiency and flexible control capability. In order to satisfy the diverse demands of users, a motor is requested to ensure high‐efficiency operation at multiple operating points on the speed–torque plane. It is well recognized that maximum efficiency is attained under the condition that the copper loss is equal to the fixed loss, mainly composed of iron loss, at a given operating point. This is why permanent magnet synchronous motors should have the capability of adjusting the field excitation, similar to the direct current shunt motors. In this paper, recent trends of research and development of variable field permanent magnet motors are overviewed from the standpoint of design and control. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.