gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miRNA-9 expression is upregulated in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice. (2013)

The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in the nervous system have an important function in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to determine the expression and cellular distribution of miRNA-9 in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 mutant mice at different time points (post-natal 95, 108 and 122 d). miRNA expression was evaluated by microarray analysis; differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. The cellular distribution of miRNA-9 was analyzed by in-situ hybridization. Microarray results indicated for the first time that various miRNAs were differentially expressed between the G93A-SOD1 mutant mice and the littermate control mice. miRNA-9 expression was upregulated at 95, 108, and 122 d as validated by microarray analysis, RT-qPCR, and ISH. ISH results also showed that the miRNA-9-positive cells mainly expressed in the cytoplasm were located in the dorsal horn and the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The majority of miRNA-9-positive cells were located in the ventral horn of the gray matter, the locus of neurodegeneration. These results indicated that the differential expression of miRNA-9 may have an important function in the pathogenesis of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice.
[Evaluation of the mastoid air cell system in healthy adults by three-dimensional volume rendering technique]. (2006)

关于乳突气房发育程度与慢性中耳疾病之间的关系一直存在争议，目前主要有两大学说：环境学说认为乳突气房的正常发育必须有一个正常的中耳黏膜环境，有中耳疾病的小儿乳突常气化不良；遗传学说则认为乳突气化由遗传因素决定，气化不良患者比较容易患各种急慢性中耳炎。本研究通过CT三维重建方法重建正常人乳突气房，并测量其容积，为进一步研究乳突气房发育与慢性中耳疾病之间的相关性提供临床资料，报道如下。
Virus purification, detection and removal (2014)

The biopharmaceutical industry has a growing demand and an increasing need to improve the current virus purification technologies, especially as more and more vaccines are produced from cell-culture derived virus particles. Downstream purification strategies can be expensive and account for 70% of the overall manufacturing costs. The economic pressure and purification processes can be particularly challenging when the virus to be purified is small, as in our model virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV). Our efforts are focused on designing an easy, economical, scalable and efficient system for virus purification, and we focused on aqueous two-phase systems. Industry acceptable standards for virus vaccine recovery can be as low as 30% due to demand of high final titer, virus transduction inhibitors and presence of empty or defective virus capsids as impurities. We have overcome these shortcomings by recovering a high 64% of infectious virus using an aqueous two-phase system. We used high molecular weight polymer and citrate salt to achieve a good yield and eliminated the major contaminant bovine serum albumin. Viruses are also studied for ensuring pure and safe drinking water. Low pressure microfiltrations are continuously being investigated for water filters as they allow high permeate flux and low fouling. Viruses such as PPV are small enough to pass through the microporous membranes. Control of viruses in water is crucial for public health and we have designed an affinity based membrane filter to capture virus. Nanofibers have a high surface to volume ratio providing a highly accessible surface area for virus adsorption. Chitosan an insoluble, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer was used for adsorbing trimer peptide WRW. About 0.2 μmoles of cysteine terminal WRW peptide was conjugated to amine terminal chitosan using maleimide conjugation chemistry. We achieved 90-99% virus removal from water adjusted to a neutral pH. The virus removal from affinity based chitosan was attributed to electrostatic and hydrophobic driven binding effect.
Patient support ICT tool for hypertension monitoring. (2012)

Detection of hypertension is traditionally a matter for the general practitioner, but an alternative detection scheme is home blood pressure measurement by patients, on patients' or doctors' decision. We designed and implemented a prototype software tool to provide information about hypertension, video instructions on correct home blood pressure measurement technique and a measurements diary. The system was developed using standard, software development methods and techniques. The program was developed for Danish-speaking patients. Usability (navigability, level and outcome of instructions, logical arrangement, level and focus of information, and program accessibility) was evaluated in a think-aloud test with test users performing specific, realistic tasks. The prototype provides written information about hypertension, written and video instructions on correct blood pressure measurement technique, and measurements diary functionality. All test users performed all tasks and rated navigability, level and outcome of instructions, logical arrangement, level and focus of information, and program accessibility high, and had positive attitudes towards the system. The components in the patient support tool can be used separately or in combination. The effects of video for home blood pressure measurement technique instruction remain unexplored.
Gene UL2 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encodes a Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (1989)

An insertion mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 has been constructed which carries the lacZ gene from Escherichia coli within the coding sequence of gene UL2, which is in the long unique region of the genome. In a one-step growth curve experiment this recombinant (called in 1601) grew as well as the wild-type (wt) parent virus, indicating that the UL2 gene is dispensable for growth in tissue culture. Analysis of in 1601 DNA with restriction endonucleases showed no detectable changes from the wt apart from the insertion. Extracts of cells infected with in 1601 possessed levels of viral DNA polymerase and alkaline exonuclease activities similar to those infected with the wt, but unlike the wt had negligible uracil-DNA glycosylase activity, suggesting strongly that the product of the UL2 gene is the uracil-DNA glycosylase. The sequence of the uracil-DNA glycosylase gene of E. coli was recently published, and the encoded amino acid sequence of this shows clear similarity to that of UL2, confirming our results.
Temporal Sequence of Cell Wall Disassembly in Rapidly Ripening Melon Fruit1 (1998)

The Charentais variety of melon (Cucumis melo cv Reticulatus F1 Alpha) was observed to undergo very rapid ripening, with the transition from the preripe to overripe stage occurring within 24 to 48 h. During this time, the flesh first softened and then exhibited substantial disintegration, suggesting that Charentais may represent a useful model system to examine the temporal sequence of changes in cell wall composition that typically take place in softening fruit. The total amount of pectin in the cell wall showed little reduction during ripening but its solubility changed substantially. Initial changes in pectin solubility coincided with a loss of galactose from tightly bound pectins, but preceded the expression of polygalacturonase (PG) mRNAs, suggesting early, PG-independent modification of pectin structure. Depolymerization of polyuronides occurred predominantly in the later ripening stages, and after the appearance of PG mRNAs, suggesting the existence of PG-dependent pectin degradation in later stages. Depolymerization of hemicelluloses was observed throughout ripening, and degradation of a tightly bound xyloglucan fraction was detected at the early onset of softening. Thus, metabolism of xyloglucan that may be closely associated with cellulose microfibrils may contribute to the initial stages of fruit softening. A model is presented of the temporal sequence of cell wall changes during cell wall disassembly in ripening Charentais melon.
Designs for a new, quick-response, latching electromagnetic valve (2005)

Fixed timing of cylinder valve events with respect to piston motion in an internal combustion engine results in a compromise between fuel economy, emissions, and torque. A variable valve timing, however, permits optimization of the balance between these output standards at different engine conditions. Automobile companies have designed and tested conventional solenoid-type engine valve actuators to achieve variable valve timing, but these designs have suffered the inherent problem of high energy consumption. This study introduces a new electromagnetic engine valve actuator that uses permanent magnets to latch the valve position and thereby reduce the consumption of power
Lower Critical Solution Temperatures of Aqueous Copolymers of <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide and Other <i>N</i>-Substituted Acrylamides (1987)

High polymers of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM) exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in phosphate buffered saline: above 31°C precipitation occurs, with minimal concentration dependence. Copolymers of NIPAAM with acrylamide (AAM), N-methyl acrylamide (NMAAM) and N-ethyl acrylamide (NEAAM) exhibited LCSTs elevated in proportion to their comonomer content. As expected acrylamide was the most effective at elevating the LCST of the copolymer formed. However, NEAAM was more effective than NMAAM. The reason for this is not clear. In contrast, copolymers of NIPAAM with N-t-butyl acrylamide (NTBAAM) exhibited LCSTs that were lowered as a linear function of the comonomer input ratio. Copolymers with N-n-butyl acrylamide (NNBAAM) displayed similar behavior up to 40% NNBAAM, but then the LCST dropped abruptly fron 17°C to below zero. The use of these copolymers in diagnostics and bioseparations is discussed.
The behavior of the acoustic distortion product, 2<i>f</i>1−<i>f</i>2, from the human ear and its relation to auditory sensitivity (1990)

The acoustic intermodulation distortion product 2f1-f2 (ADP) was measured in human subjects to investigate (1) the dependence of ADP level on stimulus parameters and (2) the relationship between ADP level and auditory sensitivity. The frequency ratio (f2/f1), at which ADP level is maximal, varies only slightly across frequency and subjects. The average optimal ratio is 1.225. Beyond the maximum, the ADP level declines with increasing f2/f1 ratio, at rates of up to 250 dB/oct. As the level of one stimulus is increased relative to the other, the ADP grows, saturates, and in most cases shows a bendover. Maximum distortion is generated when L 1 exceeds L 2. Growth rate and saturation point are dependent on which stimulus is incremented and on the level of the stationary stimulus. With optimal stimulus parameters (levels below 60 dB SPL; L 1 greater than L 2 by 15 dB; f2/f1 = 1.225), ADP levels are commonly 30 dB below L 2. Patterns of ADP level across frequency vary between subjects, but are repeatable within each subject. As the frequency of one or both of the stimuli is varied, changes in ADP level exhibit a broadly featured pattern with a fine structure superimposed upon it. This fine structure was compared with the features in the stimulus frequency emission spectrum in one subject. With appropriate stimulus parameters, half of our subjects show a statistically significant correlation across frequency, between ADP level and auditory sensitivity at the corresponding f1 frequency. Our results suggest that, with low levels of stimulation, ADP measurements could form the basis of an objective measure of cochlear function in human subjects.
Channel selection procedure using riemannian distance for BCI applications (2011)

This article describes a new algorithm to select a subset of electrodes in BCI experiments. It is illustrated on a two-class motor imagery paradigm. The proposed approach is based on the Riemannian distance between spatial covariance matrices which allows to indirectly assess the discriminability between classes. Sensor selection is automatically done using a backward elimination principle. The method is tested on the dataset IVa from BCI competition III. The identified subsets are both consistent with neurophysiological principles and effective, achieving optimal performances with a reduced number of channels.
A Well-Mixed Thermal Reactor System for Automotive Emission Control (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental well-mixed thermal reactor system called RAM was devised, tested, and applied to several different size research vehicles. Low emissions were obtained because of the thorough mixing and quick warmup of the system which was aided by flameholders. The study indicates that the RAM concept represents a significant improvement over previously proposed thermal reactor systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two versions of RAM were studied. One was operated fuel-rich to minimize NO<sub>x</sub> at the expense of fuel economy. The other was operated leaner and gave better fuel economy but less NO<sub>x</sub> control.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The best emission results obtained were 3.7 gm/mile CO, 0.08 hydrocarbons, and 0.72 NO<sub>x</sub>. The fuel economy debit was in the range of 17-22%. Better fuel economy, in the range of 10-17% debit, was obtained at NO<sub>x</sub> levels of 1.9 gm/mile.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Drivability was found to be good. Durability was not tested.</div>
La tolérance aux opiacés existe-t-elle dans le traitement de la douleur chronique? (1992)

La tolérance est un état qui se caractérise par la perte d’efficaité progressive d’une dose donnée d’opiacé lors d’une administration chronique. En situation expérimentale de laboratoire, la tolérance ainsi définie est un phénomène constant que l’on observe aussi bien sur des cultures de cellules isolées que sur des systèmes neuronaux ou sur l’animal entier soumis à des stimulations nociceptives aiguës répétitives n’induisant pas de lésion tissulaire. La situation est différente en clinique où la douleur relève de mécanismes plus complexes, est antérieure à l’administration d’opiacés, et où la survenue d’une tolérance n’a pas un caractère aussi tranché. Parmi les facteurs responsables de cette différence et analysés dans cet article, il y a: l’opiosensibilité de la douleur du patient, une variabilité des paramètres pharmacocinétiques et métaboliques et surtout les conséquences cellulaires de l’interaction morphine-récepteur. Il en découle des possibilités théoriques de traite et/ou de retarder la survenues de la tolérance.
Method for detection of simian immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibodies using a noncommercial antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1992)

A neutralization test (NT) using a noncommercial antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) growth in vitro was developed. The capture antibody was a mixture of purified macaque anti-SIV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a monoclonal antibody to SIV p27. Captured antigens were detected by using purified macaque anti-SIV IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The NT reliably and sensitively detected differences when various amounts of SIV were used with positive and negative control macaque sera. Dilutions of sequential sera from a macaque (Macaca nemestrina) that had been experimentally infected with SIV were tested for neutralizing antibody with 300 50% tissue culture infective doses of SIV. In this macaque, neutralizing activity and anti-SIV IgG levels in serum (detected by ELISA) increased with time after SIV inoculation, and high IgG titers were required in serum before neutralization occurred in vitro. This simple NT, which detects the presence of SIV serum neutralizing antibodies at a low cost, will be useful for investigating the role of neutralizing antibodies in the SIV-infected macaque model for AIDS.
Auslander's robot (2006)

AbstractIn a challenge to our notions of what constitutes live performance, Philip Auslander illustrates his discussion through the technology of the ‘chatterbot’. Auslander intimates that the ontological origin of the performer is not of primary importance when deciding whether or not a performance can be considered ‘live.’ To explore this crisis, I propose that we imagine a hypothetical machine, a theoretical construct inspired by Auslander's suggestion that machines are capable of live performance; this machine, ‘Auslander's Robot,’ can be built to demonstrate the theories that Auslander has outlined in his work on performance, presence, resistance, liveness, and the postmodern body. Such a construct may give us a deeper understanding of these theories and a deeper understanding of the nature of live performance. In each of these instances, we find that a distinction must be made regarding such terms when used in a technological context against a cultural context; sometimes these categories intersect. ...
Echocardiography in Mice (2011)

Murine models have been utilized with increasing frequency mainly due to availability of genetically engineered models. With advancement in high spatial and temporal resolution, echocardiography is used extensively for the evaluation of cardiovascular function in murine models of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the general applications and methods involved in echocardiography used to study mouse models for cardiovascular research, based on 20 years of experience in our laboratory. The goal of this article is to provide a practical guide to the use of echo techniques in mice to evaluate cardiac systolic and diastolic function.
Impedance Transformers and Matching Networks (2005)

Abstract Impedance transformers and matching networks are probably the most widely used building blocks in both passive and active radiofrequency (RF ) and microwave circuits, which can be found everywhere in various systems and applications. The transmission‐line technique is fundamental in the design of impedance transformers and matching networks at microwave frequencies, whatever distributed or lumped element platforms are used. This article presents the basic structures and electrical mechanisms of impedance transformers and matching networks as well as transmission‐line transitions, including typical balun structures. Properties and performances of various circuit elements are summarized, discussed, and compared. Popular examples are shown to highlight application aspects and technical features of practical impedance transformers and matching networks.
Tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of coeliac disease (1997)

Dieterich et al show that immunoprecipitation of human fibrosarcoma cell lysates (cell line HT1080) using the IgA fraction from serum samples of patients with coeliac disease results in a single protein band with a molecular weight of 85 kDa. Immunoprecipitation occurred exclusively with 25 coeliac disease serum samples, but with none of the 25 control samples. The 85 kDa antigen was cleaved with endoproteinase Asp-N, and after amino-terminal sequence analysis, the three cleavage products tested all yielded sequences that could be assigned to tissue transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13; tTG). In order to prove that tTG obtained from the fibrosarcoma cells binds to the endomysial antibody fraction of coeliac serum IgA, the authors performed indirect immunofluorescence with high titre coeliac disease serum samples on monkey oesophagus with or without prior incubation of those samples with a commercially available tTG extract (Sigma, Deisenhofer, Germany). Pretreatment with tTG almost completely abolished endomysial antibody labelling. Also, when the Sigma tTG was used as antigen in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 12 coeliac disease patient samples but none of the seven control serum samples displayed increased IgA immunoreactivity. Dieterich et al conclude they have identified tTG as the unknown endomysial autoantigen.
An Analysis of Neutropenia after the Administration of High-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin or Anti-D Immunoglobulin on Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Children: Age based Analysis (2013)

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decreased neutrophil count after the administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobuli n (IVIG) or anti-D immunoglobulin (anti-D Ig) to children with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In addition, post-treatment changes in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were also analyzed according to patient age. Methods: We retrospectively performed a chart review of 83 patients who had received IVIG or anti-D Ig to manage the decreased platelet count due to acute ITP. Pre- and post-treatment ANC were analyzed in the IVIG treatment group and anti-D Ig treatment group, and ANC were compared between each group. In addition, all the subjects were divided into two groups according to age: infantile group and other group, and ANC of these two groups were compared. Results: A decrease in ANC in just a day and recovering to its pre-treatment value on the 7th post-treatment day was observed for the IVIG treatment group. Especially, the decrease in ANC observed in the infantile group was found to recover in 14 days, whereas ANC recovery in the other group was seen within 2 days after the treatment. There was no statistically significant decrease in ANC in the anti-D Ig treatment group. Conclusion: IVIG used for childhood acute ITP caused a decrease in ANC more severely than with the administration of anti-D Ig. Subjects aged less than 12 months who were treated with IVIG for acute ITP showed more ANC decrease and needed longer time to recover normal ANC compared to those over 12 months of age.
Disease‐modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis – a review of approved medications (2015)

Based on current knowledge of risk-benefit of the approved MS medications, including factors influencing adherence, it is suggested that oral treatment with dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide should be preferred as a starting therapy amongst the first-line preparations for de novo RRMS. In the case of breakthrough disease on first-line therapy, or rapidly evolving severe RRMS, second-line therapy with natalizumab, fingolimod or alemtuzumab should be chosen based on careful risk-benefit stratification.
A projection approach for robust adaptive beamforming (1994)

It is well known that calibration errors can seriously degrade performance in adaptive arrays, particularly when the input signal-to-noise ratio is large. The effect is caused by the perturbation of the presumed steering vector from its optimal value. Although it is not as widely known, similar degradation occurs in sampled matrix inversion processing when the covariance matrix is estimated while the desired signal is present in the snapshot data. Under these conditions, performance loss is due to errors in the estimated covariance matrix and occurs even when the steering vector is known exactly. In the paper, a new method based of modification of the steering vector is proposed to overcome both the problems of perturbation and of sample covariance errors. The method involves projection of the presumed steering vector onto the observed signal-plus-interference subspace. An analysis is also presented illustrating that the sample covariance errors can be viewed as a particular type of perturbation error and a simple approximation is derived for the expected beamformer performance as a function of the number of data snapshots. Both analytical and experimental results are presented that illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>