gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of random background inhomogeneity on observer detection performance (1992)

Many psychophysical studies of the ability of the human observer to detect a signal superimposed upon a uniform background, where both the signal and the background are known exactly, have been reported in the literature. In such cases, the ideal or the Bayesian observer is often used as a mathematical model of human performance since it can be readily calculated and is a good predictor of human performance for the task at hand. If, however, the background is spatially inhomogeneous (lumpy), the ideal observer becomes nonlinear, and its performance becomes difficult to evaluate. Since inhomogeneous backgrounds are commonly encountered in many practical applications, we have investigated the effects of background inhomogeneities on human performance. The task was detection of a two-dimensional Gaussian signal superimposed upon an inhomogeneous background and imaged through a pinhole imaging system. Poisson noise corresponding to a certain exposure time and aperture size was added to the detected image. A six-point rating scale technique was used to measure human performance as a function of the strength of the nonuniformities (lumpiness) in the background, the amount of blur of the imaging system, and the amount of Poisson noise in the image. The results of this study were compared with earlier theoretical predictions by Myers et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 1279 (1990)] for two observer models: the optimum linear discriminant, also known as the Hotelling observer, and a nonprewhitening matched filter. Although the efficiency of the human observer relative to the Hotelling observer was only approximately 10%, the variation in human performance with respect to varying aperture size and exposure time was well predicted by the Hotelling model. The nonprewhitening model, on the other hand, fails to predict human performance in lumpy backgrounds in this study. In particular, this model predicts that performance will saturate with increasing exposure time and drop precipitously with increasing lumpiness; neither effect is observed with human observers.
Universal coil winding (1951)

A typical coil winding machine and the winding patterns derived from it are described. The various factors which influence the choice of the coil winding gear ratio are explained and analysed. The results are presented in a form suitable for slide rule computation. The detection of faults in winding machines is discussed and the paper includes a bibliography of the existing literature on universal coil winding.
Patterned Fluorescence Images with Indigo Precursors in Polymer Film (2013)

E-mail: jmk@hanyang.ac.kr (J.-M. Kim); lcw@hanyang.ac.kr (C. W. Lee)Received December 30, 2012, Accepted January 30, 2013Key Words : Fluorescence patterning, Precursor approach, Indigo, Polymer filmHerein, we report a new approach to the generation ofpatterned fluorescence images in polymer film using indigoprecursors as latent imaging materials. Fabrication of fluore-scence patterns is of great technological importance in avariety of fields including sensor, display and electronicindustries.
A medium detecting β-glucuronidase for the simultaneous membrane filtration enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliforms from drinking water (1992)

A medium for the single membrane enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliforms from potable water was developed by the modification of the standard UK membrane filtration medium. The medium, membrane‐Lactose Glucuronide Agar (m‐LGA), employs a chromogenic substrate for the detection of β‐glucuronidase activity and sodium pyruvate to enhance recovery of chlorine‐stressed coliforms. Escherichia coli identification was significantly improved on m‐LGA with 98.6% of presumptive isolates confirming. Recovery of coliforms from drinking water samples was also significantly improved.
A Study on the Sequence Impedance Modeling of Underground Transmission Systems (2014)

Power system fault analysis is commonly based on well-known symmetrical component method, which describes power system elements by positive, negative and zero sequence impedance. The majority of fault in transmission lines is unbalanced fault, such as line-to-ground faults, so that both positive and zero sequence impedance is required for fault analysis. When unbalanced fault occurs, zero sequence current flows through earth and groundwires in overhead transmission systems and through cable sheaths and earth in underground transmission systems. Since zero sequence current distribution between cable sheath and earth is dependent on both sheath bondings and grounding configurations, care must be taken to calculate zero sequence impedance of underground cable transmission lines. In this paper, EMTP-based sequence impedance calculation method was described and applied to 345㎸ cable transmission systems. Calculation results showed that detailed circuit analysis is desirable to avoid possible errors of sequence impedance calculation resulted from various configuration of cable sheath bonding and grounding in underground cable transmission systems.
Quinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. XXV.<sup>1</sup> Structure-Activity Relationships of Aminoalkyl-Substituted 1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-ones (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. XXV.1 Structure-Activity Relationships of Aminoalkyl-Substituted 1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-onesL. H. Sternbach, G. A. Archer, J. V. Earley, R. Ian Fryer, E. Reeder, N. Wasyliw, L. O. Randall, and R BanzgerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 815–821Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell-Based Proteome Profiling of Potential Dasatinib Targets by Use of Affinity-Based Probes (2012)

Protein kinases (PKs) play an important role in the development and progression of cancer by regulating cell growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Dasatinib (BMS-354825), a dual Src/Abl inhibitor, is a promising therapeutic agent with oral bioavailability. It has been used for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Most kinase inhibitors, including Dasatinib, inhibit multiple cellular targets and do not possess exquisite cellular specificity. Recent efforts in kinase research thus focus on the development of large-scale, proteome-wide chemical profiling methods capable of rapid identification of potential cellular (on- and off-) targets of kinase inhibitors. Most existing approaches, however, are still problematic and in many cases not compatible with live-cell studies. In this work, we have successfully developed a cell-permeable kinase probe (DA-2) capable of proteome-wide profiling of potential cellular targets of Dasatinib. In this way, highly regulated, compartmentalized kinase-drug interactions were maintained. By comparing results obtained from different proteomic setups (live cells, cell lysates, and immobilized affinity matrix), we found DA-2 was able to identify significantly more putative kinase targets. In addition to Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases, a number of previously unknown Dasatinib targets have been identified, including several serine/threonine kinases (PCTK3, STK25, eIF-2A, PIM-3, PKA C-α, and PKN2). They were further validated by pull-down/immunoblotting experiments as well as kinase inhibition assays. Further studies are needed to better understand the exact relevance of Dasatinib and its pharmacological effects in relation to these newly identified cellular targets. The approach developed herein should be amenable to the study of many of the existing reversible drugs/drug candidates.
Performance evaluation for imaging laser radars with focal plane array (2007)

Recent advances in lasers and optical detectors have made feasible the development of laser radar systems capable of providing real time images, one need regarding the growing interest on automatic target recognition applications. These imaging applications require the use of a focal plane array rather than a scan mechanism. In this paper we describe, from a new quantum point of view, the different contributions of signal and noise involved in incoherent laser radars systems based on a focal plane array in reception. This model allows evaluating the performance of these systems. A comparison with a real incoherent ladar is also given. (5 pages)
Design and stacking of an extremely thin chip-scale package (2004)

This paper presents a study on package design and package stacking for the extremely thin Chip Scale Package (etCSP) that has a cavity at the center of the laminate package substrate and lead free solder halls. A 0.5mm thick CSP technology was developed and presented at the ECTC 2002. Package reliability level was proven to be robust by the cavity substrate structure. It passed MRT IEDEC Level 1, 1000 cycles of TIC (-55C/125C), 1000 hrs of T/H (85C/85%RH), IOOOhrs of HTS (150C), and 96hrs of HAST (130C/85%RH). However, because the package was face down format and the solder balls were located along the encapsulation area, the VO count was less than 200 with 12 mm body size. In order to develop a stackable, high VO count base package with a moderate VO count package mounted on top, we studied a face up design for the devices having more than 250 VOs. It was found that a 12 or 13 mm CSP could have around 300 VOs by adopting a face op format, and the total mount height was 1.2 mm after the 2 packages were stacked. In this presentation, the stackable package design and its reliability level are discussed.
Polymere aus Nitrilen, 6. Anionische Polymerisation von Fumaronitril. Isomerisierung von Fumaronitril zu Maleonitril (1978)

Abstract The oligomer of fumaronitrile 3 , obtained by anionic polymerisation of fumaronitrile with butyllithium, is able to isomerise fumaronitrile to maleonitril. Kinetics and thermodynamics are examined and a model for the mechanism is proposed.
Effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment against Borrelia burgdorferi infection in mice (1994)

Although antimicrobial agents are effective therapy for early Lyme disease, optimal treatment schedules have not been conclusively established. The efficacy of various dosages of eight antibiotics used for borreliosis treatment was evaluated for C3H/HeNCrIBR mice, which reproducibly develop persistent infection, arthritis, and carditis when inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, and high-dose penicillin G effectively eliminated infection and disease. Oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and azithromycin failed to cure infected mice. There was a correlation between peak serum antibiotic concentrations in mice, as determined by agar well diffusion bioassays, and therapeutic levels in humans. When experimentally inoculated mice were treated at 1 week postinfection with ceftriaxone (16 mg/kg of body weight twice daily for 5 days) and monitored for up to 90 days, all treated mice were free of spirochetes and had no gross or histologic lesions. This antibiotic regimen at days 7 to 11 postinoculation eliminated the spirochetes so that there were no relapses during the 90-day observation period. For experimentally inoculated mice treated with ceftriaxone at 7 or 14 days postinfection, arthritis, carditis, and infection were eliminated. When treatment began at 30 and 90 days after inoculation, infection and active cardiac and arthritic lesions were eradicated; however, residual mild synovitis and vasculitis persisted in some mice. In comparison with inoculated, untreated mice, ceftriaxone therapy at 7, 14, 30, and 90 days postinfection abrogated the development of antibody titers against B. burgdorferi. Having the potential to determine the presence of the spirochete through culture and histologic lesions makes the B. burgdorferi-inoculated C3H mouse model a valuable adjunct in evaluating chemotherapeutic options for Lyme disease.
Feasibility of Use of Plastic Foams for Small Vessel Flotation Devices. (1976)

This report describes work performed to demonstrate the feasibility of using instantly deployable plastic foams to provide flotation for small vessels which are in a sinking condition. The ability to generate foams under fifteen feet of water was demonstrated. These foams provided sixty-one pounds of flotation/cubic foot of foam as originally generated. After twenty-four hours immersion under fifteen feet of water, the foams still provided fifty pounds of flotation per cubic foot. Non-burning solvent/pneumatogen systems were developed for the foams. The use of additives in the foam made it fire retardant. The capability to generate foams down to -10C (14F) was demonstrated. Below that temperature, the foam solution becomes too viscous to flow from the storage cylinder. Long-term storage tests are in progress.
Hyperelastic “bone”: A highly versatile, growth factor–free, osteoregenerative, scalable, and surgically friendly biomaterial (2016)

Despite substantial attention given to the development of osteoregenerative biomaterials, severe deficiencies remain in current products. These limitations include an inability to adequately, rapidly, and reproducibly regenerate new bone; high costs and limited manufacturing capacity; and lack of surgical ease of handling. To address these shortcomings, we generated a new, synthetic osteoregenerative biomaterial, hyperelastic "bone" (HB). HB, which is composed of 90 weight % (wt %) hydroxyapatite and 10 wt % polycaprolactone or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), could be rapidly three-dimensionally (3D) printed (up to 275 cm(3)/hour) from room temperature extruded liquid inks. The resulting 3D-printed HB exhibited elastic mechanical properties (~32 to 67% strain to failure, ~4 to 11 MPa elastic modulus), was highly absorbent (50% material porosity), supported cell viability and proliferation, and induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro over 4 weeks without any osteo-inducing factors in the medium. We evaluated HB in vivo in a mouse subcutaneous implant model for material biocompatibility (7 and 35 days), in a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model for new bone formation (8 weeks), and in a large, non-human primate calvarial defect case study (4 weeks). HB did not elicit a negative immune response, became vascularized, quickly integrated with surrounding tissues, and rapidly ossified and supported new bone growth without the need for added biological factors.
<i>m</i>‐Indolocarbazole Derivative as a Universal Host Material for RGB and White Phosphorescent OLEDs (2015)

The host materials designed for highly efficient white phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with power efficiency (PE) >50 lm W ‐1 and low efficiency roll‐off are very rare. In this work, three new indolocarbazole‐based materials (ICDP, 4ICPPy, and 4ICDPy) are presented composed of 6,7‐dimethylindolo[3,2‐ a ]carbazole and phenyl or 4‐pyridyl group for hosting blue, green, and red phosphors. Among this three host materials, 4ICDPy‐based devices reveal the best electroluminescent performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 22.1%, 27.0%, and 25.3% for blue (FIrpic), green ( fac ‐Ir(ppy) 3 ), and red ((piq) 2 Ir(acac)) PhOLEDs. A two‐color and single‐emitting‐layer white organic light‐emitting diode hosted by 4ICDPy with FIrpic and Ir(pq) 3 as dopants achieves high EQE of 20.3% and PE of 50.9 lm W −1 with good color stability; this performance is among the best for a single‐emitting‐layer white PhOLEDs. All 4ICDPy‐based devices show low efficiency roll‐off probably due to the excellent balanced carrier transport arisen from the bipolar character of 4ICDPy.
Recognition of mitochondria-targeting signals by a cytosolic import stimulation factor, MSF. (1994)

MSF, a mitochondrial import stimulation factor purified from rat liver cytosol, is an ATP-dependent precursor protein conformational modulator. As a step toward understanding the specificity of substrate recognition by MSF, various synthetic peptides were examined for their ability to induce MSF ATPase activity. The peptides corresponding to various mitochondria-targeting signal sequences elicited significant ATPase activity. MSF bound the synthetic mitochondrial signal peptides, and ATP hydrolysis caused dissociation of the peptides from MSF. Basic amino acid residues in the signal peptides seemed to be essential for recognition. Thus, MSF is a member of the polypeptide chain-binding protein family with unique recognition specificity and is distinct from the hsp70 family of proteins.
Tumor prevention by a xanthate compound in experimental mouse‐skin tumorigenesis (1989)

The antiviral and antitumoral compound tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609), which is an inhibitor of protein kinase C activation, has been used for tumor prevention in vivo. When applied chronically together with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the classic initiation-promotion mouse-skin model, D609 prevented tumor induction in a dose-dependent manner. At the concentration that inhibited tumor formation by 97%, no toxic effects were detected and the TPA-induced hyperplasia remained unaffected. As D609 failed to prevent the activity of a chronically applied carcinogen, it is concluded that the observed tumor prevention achieved with D609 is tumor-promotion-specific and is not due to killing of tumor cells.
On-die termination resistors with analog impedance control for standard CMOS technology (2003)

We have designed a new voltage-controlled resistor for the purpose of on-die termination in standard CMOS technology. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics show that this on-die termination resistor has good linearity across a wide range of gate bias, and is suitable for an analog impedance control technique using a feedback loop. The analog impedance control technique has the advantage of continuous impedance adjustment without interfering with normal data transmission and receiving operations. Experimental I-V characteristics show excellent linearity and are in good agreement with simulations. Measured resistance values are within ±5% over process, temperature, and across die variations.
Radiometer-on-a-chip: a path toward super-compact submillimeter-wave imaging arrays (2010)

A novel approach for submillimeter-wave heterodyne imaging arrays is presented in this paper. By utilizing diverse technologies such as GaAs membrane based terahertz diodes, wafer bonding, bulk Si micromachining, micro-lens optics, and CMOS 3-D chip architectures, a super-compact low-mass submillimeter-wave imaging array is envisioned. A fourwafer based silicon block for a working W-band power amplifier MMIC is demonstrated. This module drastically reduces mass and volume associated with metal block implementations without sacrificing performance. A path towards super compact array receivers in the 500-600 GHz range is described in detail.
3-D true-amplitude finite-offset migration; discussion and reply (1995)

Abstract In a very interesting paper Schleicher et al. discuss true-amplitude prestack depth migration of single-fold subsets of various 3-D geometries. In the following, I would like to make some remarks, and I would like to present other candidates for inclusion in the list of seismic measurement configurations.
Spatial Analysis in Archaeology (1978)

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Archaeological distribution maps: a quantified approach and associated problems 3. Point pattern analysis 4. Some models for settlement patterns 5. The distribution of single artefact types 6. The association between distributions 7. The relationship between sites and other features 8. Conclusion Appendix Index.
The selective catalytic conversion of cycloalkanes into cycloalkenes using a soluble rhenium polyhydride system (1983)

Selective catalytic dehydrogenation (up to 9 turnovers) of cycloalkanes CnH2n(n= 6, 7, and 8) to the corresponding cycloalkenes is achieved, under mild conditions (30–80 °C), using dilute (ca. 3 mM) solutions of the bis(phosphine) rhenium heptahydrides (Ar3P)2ReH7(Ar =p-F-;C6H4, Ph, and p-Me-C6H4) in the cycloalkane, with an olefin as the hydrogen acceptor.
Conserved sequence preference in DNA binding among recombination proteins: an effect of ssDNA secondary structure (1999)

Repetitive sequences have been proposed to be recombinogenic elements in eukaryotic chromosomes. We tested whether dinucleotide repeats sequences are preferential sites for recombination because of their high affinity for recombination enzymes. We compared the kinetics of the binding of the scRad51, hsRad51 and ecRecA proteins to oligonucleotides with repeats of dinucleotides GT, CA, CT, GA, GC or AT. Since secondary structures in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) act as a barrier to complete binding we measured whether these oligonucleotides are able to form stable secondary structures. We show that the preferential binding of recombination proteins is conserved among the three proteins and is influenced mainly by secondary structures in ssDNA.
A Multiple-category Classification Approach with Decision-theoretic Rough Sets (2012)

By considering the levels of tolerance for errors and the cost of actions in real decision procedure, a new two-stage approach is proposed to solve the multiple-category classification problems with Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets (DTRS). The first sta
Bacillus thuringiensis : Biology, Ecology and Safety (2000)

Characterisation. Natural Occurrence and Role in the Environment. Production and Formulation. Toxicity to Insects. Effects on Non-target Microbes and Invertebrates. Effects on Vertebrates. Persistence and Activity in the Environment. Insect and Environmental Factors Affecting Toxicity. Transmission and Dispersal. Effects in Combination with Other Insecticidal Agents. Gene Transfer. Transgenic Use of Bt Toxin Genes. Resistance. Conclusions: Safety and Risks. References. Appendices. Index.