gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and structural characterization of a homoleptic bismuth aryl thiolate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural characterization of a homoleptic bismuth aryl thiolateDavid A. Atwood, Alan H. Cowley, Robert D. Hernandez, Richard A. Jones, Lora L. Rand, Simon G. Bott, and Jerry L. AtwoodCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 13, 2972–2974Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00065a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00065a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cyclosporine before PCI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2015)

In patients with anterior STEMI who had been referred for primary PCI, intravenous cyclosporine did not result in better clinical outcomes than those with placebo and did not prevent adverse left ventricular remodeling at 1 year. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and NeuroVive Pharmaceutical; CIRCUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01502774; EudraCT number, 2009-013713-99.).
Assembly of 6<sup>3</sup>,6<sup>6</sup>-Pillared Metal−Organic Bilayers and Diamondoid Lattices Using Molecular Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Ring Dimers as Secondary Building Units (2006)

The lithium aryloxide [4-Br-2,6-Me2C6H2OLi] forms solvated molecular Li2O2 ring dimers in both 1,4-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane solutions, as determined by NMR spectroscopic and cryoscopic studies. In turn, the geometry of these aggregates controls the architectures of the resulting extended networks upon crystallization from these solvent systems. Specifically, the tetrasolvated dimers act as novel tetrahedral or trigonal nodes to produce the unprecedented 63,66 pillared bilayer polymer [{(ArOLi)2·(μ-diox)2}·{(ArOLi)2·(diox)·(μ-diox)1.5}]∞ (2) and the three-dimensional diamondoid framework [(ArOLi)2·(μ-dioxol)2]∞ (3). The structure of 2 is particularly noteworthy, being composed of two fused hexagonal sheets to form an interrupted diamondoid net.
Polysaccharides in Oral Drug Delivery — Recent Applications and Future Perspectives (2009)

The oral route of drug delivery is the largest, the oldest and the fastest growing segment of the overall drug delivery market. Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for drug administration, because it represents the least invasive route. Further, oral dosage forms are easy to administer and typically come along with the highest patient compliance. However, there are only very few drugs that can be directly administered to the patient without excipients. Moreover, most of the orally administered drugs need to be adequately formulated to be delivered by means of single- or multiple-unit dosage forms. In drug formulations excipients have to fulfill very different requirements. They are used as simple filling materials, to increase the solubility and/or bioavailability of the active drug, to ease manufacturing of a dosage form, to achieve a certain release profile from the final formulation or to enhance the stability of the final drug product. Polysaccharides represent a very important group of excipients. Particularly cellulose, starch and their derivatives have become standard excipients during the last decades. In the future the number of polysaccharide-based excipients is assumed to further increase. The present chapter gives an overview of the historical use of polysaccharide excipients and an outlook on some future applications.
Biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of titania and titania-based materials (2014)

Titania, one of the most important metal oxides, is extremely useful in a broad range of applications due to its unique physical/chemical properties as well as good biocompatibility. Inspired by the exquisite biomineralization process in nature, biomimetic and bioinspired methods which utilize biomolecules and their mimics as the inducers have been evolved as a novel protocol for facile, efficient synthesis of titania and titania-based materials. Compared to the most commonly employed sol–gel, hydrothermal methods, the biomimetic and bioinspired methods are often conducted under much milder conditions (aqueous solution, neutral or near neutral pH, ambient temperature and pressure). In this review, the representative advances have been highlighted for the biomimetic mineralization of titania and titania-based materials over the past decades. According to the types of inducers, the biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of titania with noncrystalline and crystalline phase via proteins, designed peptides and their mimics have been reviewed. Moreover, the synthesis of titania-based materials through this biomimetic and bioinspired strategy coupled with self-assembly or bioadhesion has also been presented. This review may shed light on the exploration of a green, controllable platform for synthesis of diverse kinds of inorganic materials.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2011)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and, thus, it is frequently found in individuals who have central obesity or diabetes. Insulin resistance and excess adiposity are associated with increased lipid influx into the liver and increased de novo hepatic lipogenesis, promoting hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Defects in lipid utilization via mitochondrial oxidation and lipid export may also contribute to hepatic lipid build-up. Adipocytokine alterations, lipotoxicity from saturated fatty acids and fructose have been all been implicated in causing hepatocyte injury in NAFLD through pathways involving oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clinically, NAFLD is commonly asymptomatic and frequently detected incidentally by blood liver function tests or imaging performed for other reasons. Subjects with NAFLD have a higher mortality rate than the general population and are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the future. Histologically, NAFLD occurs as a spectrum from mild hepatic steatosis only, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by hepatocellular injury and inflammation, to cirrhosis. A diagnosis of NASH with associated fibrosis heralds a more significant prognosis as it is more likely to progressive to cirrhosis with complications of hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the diagnosis of NASH requires a liver biopsy, however, serum based markers of hepatocyte apoptosis such as cytokeratin-18 fragments offer promise as accurate non-invasive diagnostic tests. Treatment of NAFLD revolves around addressing concomitant metabolic risk factors and improving insulin resistance through weight loss measures and exercise. Insulin sensitizing agents such as pioglitazone and anti-oxidant agents such as vitamin E show some promise in improving liver histology in patients with NASH, however, the long-term benefit of these medications has not been demonstrated.
Targeting of a Germ Cell-specific Type 1 Hexokinase Lacking a Porin-binding Domain to the Mitochondria as Well as to the Head and Fibrous Sheath of Murine Spermatozoa (1998)

Multiple isoforms of type 1 hexokinase (HK1) are transcribed during spermatogenesis in the mouse, including at least three that are presumably germ cell specific: HK1-sa, HK1-sb, and HK1-sc. Each of these predicted proteins contains a common, germ cell-specific sequence that replaces the porin-binding domain found in somatic HK1. Although HK1 protein is present in mature sperm and is tyrosine phosphorylated, it is not known whether the various potential isoforms are differentially translated and localized within the developing germ cells and mature sperm. Using antipeptide antisera against unique regions of HK1-sa and HK1-sb, it was demonstrated that these isoforms were not found in pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, condensing spermatids, or sperm, suggesting that HK1-sa and HK1-sb are not translated during spermatogenesis. Immunoreactivity was detected in protein from round spermatids, condensing spermatids, and mature sperm using an antipeptide antiserum against the common, germ cell-specific region, suggesting that HK1-sc was the only germ cell-specific isoform present in these cells. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE suggested that all of the sperm HK1-sc was tyrosine phosphorylated, and that the somatic HK1 isoform was not present. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that HK1-sc was associated with the mitochondria and with the fibrous sheath of the flagellum and was found in discrete clusters in the region of the membranes of the sperm head. The unusual distribution of HK1-sc in sperm suggests novel functions, such as extramitochondrial energy production, and also demonstrates that a hexokinase without a classical porin-binding domain can localize to mitochondria.
Early Treatment with Intranasal Neostigmine Reduces Mortality in a Mouse Model of<i>Naja naja</i>(Indian Cobra) Envenomation (2014)

Objective. Most snakebite deaths occur prior to hospital arrival; yet inexpensive, effective, and easy to administer out-of-hospital treatments do not exist. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be therapeutic in neurotoxic envenomations when administered intravenously, but nasally delivered drugs could facilitate prehospital therapy for these patients. We tested the feasibility of this idea in experimentally envenomed mice. Methods. Mice received intraperitoneal injections of Naja naja venom 2.5 to 10 times the estimated LD50 and then received 5 μ L neostigmine (0.5 mg/mL) or 5 μ L normal saline by nasal administration. Animals were observed up to 12 hours and survivors were euthanized. Results. 100% of control mice died. Untreated mice injected with 2.5× LD50 Naja naja died at average 193 minutes after injection, while 10 of 15 (67%) of treated mice survived and were behaviorally normal by 6 hours (P < 0.02). In the 5× LD50 group, survival was prolonged from 45 minutes to 196 minutes (P = 0.01) and for 10× LD50 mice, survival increased from 30 to 175 minutes (P < 0.02). Conclusion. This pilot suggests that intranasal drugs can improve survival and is the first direct demonstration that such an approach is plausible, suggesting means by which treatment could be initiated before reaching the hospital. Further investigation of this approach to neurotoxic and other types of envenomation is warranted.
Raman Scattering by Polaritons in Presence of Electron Plasma in GaAs (1969)

The effects of electron plasma and magnetic field on the polaritons in GaAs are studied by Raman scattering at small angles.Received 23 December 1968DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.282©1969 American Physical Society
Silicone Transfer during Microcontact Printing (2003)

Microcontact printing (μCP) is a widely used method to make miniaturized patterns on surfaces. In this work, the issue of the possible transfer of stamp material from the stamp to the substrate during stamping was addressed. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used to stamp Milli-Q water or buffer on substrates of SiOx, TiO2, and Au. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were used to measure and characterize the substrate before and after stamping to detect the possible transfer of stamp-related material to the substrates. Both the XPS and the ToF-SIMS analyses show that silicone-related material is transferred from flat stamps and that even more material is transferred from patterned stamps. Interestingly, a UV/ozone treatment (essentially oxidation of the surface) of the stamps before inking and stamping significantly reduces the silicone transfer. Two application examples are used to illustrate the importance of silicone transfer to the substrates during μCP: water condensation patterns and supported lipid bilayer formation.
Monoclonal antibody recognition and function of a DnaK (HSP70) epitope found in gram-negative bacteria (1993)

The isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MAb 2G5) specific for the bacterial DnaK (HSP70) protein is described. The 2G5 MAb was initially selected because of its ability to bind to DnaK under denaturing conditions. Isotype analyses indicated that 2G5 was an immunoglobulin G2a. Dose-response Western blot (immunoblot) experiments with purified but unconcentrated 2G5 permitted detection of 10 ng of pure DnaK protein. The DnaK epitope was determined by Western blot analysis of a series of truncated DnaK fragments overproduced in Escherichia coli using 5' and 3' dnaK-deleted expression plasmids. The epitope mapped to a 22-amino-acid region spanning DnaK residues 288 and 310. Phylogenetic distribution of the epitope was examined by Western blot analysis of a wide variety of bacterial species and indicated that the epitope was uniquely present in gram-negative organisms. The proximity of the epitope to the presumed DnaK ATP-binding pocket suggested that MAb binding might inhibit DnaK ATPase activity. In vitro analysis supported this prediction and demonstrated that MAb-mediated inhibition of ATPase activity was antibody specific and occurred at stoichiometric molar ratios of MAb to DnaK. Possible mechanisms to explain the ability of the 2G5 MAb to inhibit DnaK activity are discussed.
Case study of a CSEM false positive—Orphan Basin, Canada (2013)

Inversion of a CSEM survey over a seismically mapped prospect in the Orphan Basin shows high vertical resistivity in the prospective fault block. The combination of high resistivity with low acoustic impedance below the target horizon was interpreted to indicate hydrocarbon presence, but a well found no hydrocarbons and low vertical resistivity. Detailed analysis of the well logs shows that the high vertical resistivity seen on the CSEM inversions was caused by thin, carbonate-cemented layers with very high resistivity that was underestimated by the vertical resistivity log. Probabilistic rock physics modeling of the depth interval around the target reservoir shows that, while the observed vertical resistivity is consistent with the well outcome (wet reservoir), it is more supportive of hydrocarbon bearing reservoir. For this prospect, properties of the non-net have introduced an ambiguity that results in a false positive despite having an accurate estimate of vertical resistivity.
lncRNA KIAA0125 functions as a tumor suppressor modulating growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin pathway (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in all races worldwide in recent years. The survival of the CRC patients is mostly affected by the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Thus, the current challenge is to find sensitive and reliable biomarkers in early screening of CRC. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that lncRNA KIAA0125 was downregulated in colorectal tissues and cells. The functional study demonstrated that overexpression of KIAA0125 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion whereas the reversal effects were seen in silencing experiment. Besides, KIAA0125 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC. Our findings suggested that KIAA0125 may act as an oncosupressor gene and could be considered as a potential diagnosis biomarker in CRC.
Extremely Narrow Violet Photoluminescence Line from Ultrathin InN Single Quantum Well on Step‐Free GaN Surface (2012)

An ultrathin (one monolayer thick) InN single quantum well (SQW) formed on a step-free GaN surface shows very sharp violet PL emission. The size (16 μm in diameter) is large enough for state-of-the-art nanotechnology to handle. Longer wavelength emissions, such as green and red, are expected by increasing the thickness of the SQW through the utilization of the quantum size effect.
Is L-Lactate a Novel Signaling Molecule in the Brain? (2015)

In the brain, L-lactate is produced by both neurons and astrocytes. There is no doubt that neurons use L-lactate as a supplementary fuel although the importance of this energy source is disputed. Irrespective of its caloric value, L-lactate might also have a signaling role in the brain. Here, we review several current hypotheses of L-lactate mediated signaling. Some proposed mechanisms require L-lactate entry into the neurons leading to a shift in ATP/ADP ratio or redox state. Others postulate interaction with either known receptor HCA1 (GPR81) or a novel, yet unidentified receptor. We argue that the sensitivity of any such mechanism has to match the concentration range of extracellular L-lactate, which is less than ~1.5 mmol/L under physiologic conditions. From that point of view, some of the proposed mechanisms require supraphysiologic levels of L-lactate and could be engaged during ischemia or seizures when L-lactate concentration rises dramatically. Currently, we do not know whether L-lactate production in the brain occurs in microdomains, which might create higher than average local concentrations. Nevertheless, it is clear that in the brain, as in the peripheral tissues, L-lactate is not only used as a source of energy but also acts as a signaling molecule.
Solar energy is here, but it's not yet Utopia (1976)

The shift to solar energy, which is becoming competitive as a result of rising energy prices, could bring in a new economic revolution. Federal funds, now going to large corporations, should also be going to independent inventors and innovative entrepreneurs. Local zoning to protect ''sun rights'' and tax incentives to encourage solar installations will require little capital investment. Present solar systems are, in general, able to provide only secondary sources of power. As natural gas and heating oil become inaccessible, and resistance electric heating becomes prohibitively expensive, construction for solar heating will become feasible. ''Passive'' solar heating through architectural design and ''active'' heating systems using collectors could provide the third of the National energy demand that is used for space and water heating. Problems of comfort and aesthetics are under study to improve the attractiveness of solar energy investment. Efforts are being made to improve the Btu's per dollar through the use of cheaper materials, improved design efficiency, and the union of solar collectors with heat pumps. (DCK)
The triple helix: a potential mechanism for gene regulation. (1985)

Nature has provided the cell with an exquisite recognition mechanism in the ability of oligoribonucleotide polypyrimidine sequences to specifically bind to native duplex DNA polypurine X polypyrimidine stretches in a sequence specific fashion. This binding does not require DNA strand separation, since the oligoribonucleotide inserts into the DNA major grove where sequence-specific determinants are recognized. Thus far, there is no evidence in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes that this specificity plays a role in regulation of nucleic acid functions. Current understanding of prokaryotic transcription regulatory mechanisms is fairly detailed and appears to exclude this possibility. Our understanding of regulation of eukaryotic transcription is less advanced; possible sites for transcriptional inhibition by triple helix formation in eukaryotes include polypyrimidine stretches involved in termination of tRNA transcripts and premature termination of SV40 late mRNA transcripts.
Time frequency signal analysis of ground vehicle acoustic signatures (2002)

The acoustic signatures of various types of ground vehicles are recorded during each vehicle's transit past a stationary microphone located just above ground level and the acoustic data are analysed using the short time Fourier transform. The spectrogram for each transiting vehicle exhibits a primary set and a secondary set of harmonic lines in the time-frequency domain that can be used for classification purposes. The frequency of each harmonic line varies with time due to the acoustical Doppler effect. The variation with time of the instantaneous frequency of the strongest harmonic line is used to estimate the speed, ground distance at the closest point of approach to the microphone, and engine-firing rate of the vehicle.
Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype (1999)

In this article I will discuss the possible use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for training students to improve their accents in a foreign language.Principles of good language training as well as the limits of the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and how to deal with them will be discussed first.I will then use the example of the Carnegie Mellon FLUENCY system to show concretely how such a system may function.Prosody training as well as phonetics will be emphasized.Finally, I will underscore the importance of having a system that adapts to the user, again using the FLUENCY system as an example.