gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide derived from single source precursor chemistry under chimie douce conditions: formation pathway, defect chemistry and possible applications in thin film printing (2009)

A series of zinc complexes with oximate ligands is investigated for their suitability as precursors for zinc oxide in inkjet printing. The variation of hydrogen and alkyl groups in the side chains of the oximate framework (R1–ON–C2O2–R2) of the corresponding zinc complexes influences the decomposition temperature, and also important parameters such as solubility and wettability. Detailed investigations of the degradation mechanism reveal their behavior as excellent single source precursors for ZnO under very mild (chimie douce) conditions. Best results for the formation of zinc oxide thin films are obtained with solutions of [2-(methoxyimino)propanato]zinc in methoxyethanol. By calcincation well adherent (tensile strength of 1.95 (±0.95) MPa) nanocrystalline films of zincite are formed. This technique is applied for inkjet printing of ceramic layers on polyethylene-terephthalate thin films. Results of EPR spectroscopy studies on the ZnO nanoparticles are in accord with a core–shell model in which the grain particles of the core consist of vacancy centers which are electronically different from the surrounding shell of the ZnO nanoparticles.
Immunopathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (1992)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Recent advances have suggested that T cells play a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of RA. A variety of clinical trials using a number of monoclonal antibodies have confirmed the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells play a central role in propagating the disease. Moreover, these trials have suggested rational approaches for the treatment of RA in the future. Despite a comprehensive view of the immunopathogenic processes causing the manifestations of the disease, the underlying cause of RA remains unknown. Critical aspects of RA that might be important in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease remain to be delineated. These include the precise role of the association with gene products of the major histocompatibility complex and possibly the role of other genetic elements. In addition, there is no information concerning potential etiologic agents. Delineation of these issues should provide additional insight into RA and potential approaches to treatment and prevention.
Characterization of trabecular bone using the backscattered spectral centroid shift (2003)

Ultrasonic attenuation in bone in vivo is generally measured using a through-transmission method at the calcaneus. Although attenuation in calcaneus has been demonstrated to be a useful predictor for osteoporotic fracture risk, measurements at other clinically important sites, such as hip and spine, could potentially contain additional useful diagnostic information. Through-transmission measurements may not be feasible at these sites due to complex bone shapes and the increased amount of intervening soft tissue. Centroid shift from the backscattered signal is an index of attenuation slope and has been used previously to characterize soft tissues. In this paper, centroid shift from signals backscattered from 30 trabecular bone samples in vitro were measured. Attenuation slope also was measured using a through-transmission method. The correlation coefficient between centroid shift and attenuation slope was -0.71. The 95% confidence interval was (-0.86, -0.47). These results suggest that the backscattered spectral centroid shift may contain useful diagnostic information potentially applicable to hip and spine.
Silica functionalized with iodosobenzoate for the catalytic cleavage of reactive phosphates (1989)

R. A. Moss, Y. Chung, H. D. Durst and J. W. Hovanec, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1989, 1350 DOI: 10.1039/P19890001350
Denning behaviour of non-gravid wolves, Canis lupus (1996)

Trichinellosis is one of most neglected foodborne zoonoses worldwide. During <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> infection, the intestinal immune response is the first line of defense and plays a vital role in the host's resistance. Previous studies indicate that purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome are involved in the intestinal immune response in <i>T. spiralis</i> infection. However, the precise role of P2X7R and its effect on NLRP3 remains largely underdetermined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of P2X7R in the activation of NLRP3 in macrophages during the intestinal immune response against <i>T. spiralis</i> We found that <i>T. spiralis</i> infection upregulated expression of P2X7R and activation of NLRP3 in macrophages in mice. <i>In vivo</i>, P2X7R deficiency resulted in increased intestinal adult and muscle larval burdens, along with decreased expression of NLRP3/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in macrophages from the infected mice with <i>T. spiralis</i> In <i>In vitro</i> experiments, P2X7R blockade inhibited activation of NLRP3/IL-1β via NF-κB and thus reduced the capacity of macrophages to kill newborn larvae of <i>T. spiralis</i> These results indicate that P2X7R mediates the elimination of <i>T. spiralis</i> by activating the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway in macrophages. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the intestinal immune mechanism of <i>T. spiralis</i> infection.
Influence of Transendothelial Mechanisms on Microcirculation: Consequences for Reperfusion Injury after Free Flap Transfer. Previous, Current, and Future Aspects (2006)

The success of a free microvascular tissue transfer is based on a sufficient microanastomosis which meets the following requirements: a pedicle placed without kinking or twisting, good drainage, a well-defined recipient vessel, integrity of the endothelium, and duration of ischemia. The extent of skin and muscle necrosis increases significantly with increases in ischemia time. Reperfusion of ischemic tissue results in local and systemic damage associated with the release of oxygen free radicals, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and such endothelial hormones as endothelin-1, EDRF (endothelial-derived relaxing factor), thromboxane, complement, and cytokines. Ischemia-reperfusion disrupts the delicate balance that maintains homeostasis in the microcirculation. This review discusses the clinical and therapeutic aspects of such injury, concentrating on perioperative management in free flap transfer. It points out the possible influence of endothelin-1 on vasospasm at the site of anastomosis, and emphasizes the importance of the endothelium as a highly dynamic network. Finally, future diagnostic and therapeutical aspects are discussed.
High-Yielding One-Pot Synthesis of Glucose from Cellulose Using Simple Activated Carbons and Trace Hydrochloric Acid (2013)

High-yielding one-pot synthesis of glucose from cellulose and pentoses/hexoses from real biomass is achieved by using simple activated carbons and 0.012% HCl in water. Ball-milling cellulose and the carbon together created good physical contact between the solid substrate and solid catalyst before the reaction, selectively and drastically improving the depolymerization rate of cellulose to oligomers. Thus, our methodology overcomes a major obstacle in this type of reaction, namely, that the collision between a solid catalyst and a solid substrate is limited. Mechanistic studies have suggested that the active sites of the carbons are weakly acidic functional groups, in which vicinal carboxylic and phenolic groups synergistically work for the hydrolysis reaction.
Towards security in sharing data on cloud-based social networks (2011)

Nowadays, ubiquitous sensor devices such as mobile phones, laptops, GPSes, etc. allow one to access not only his own data but also others' on cloud servers. To enhance security, data is usually encrypted before sending to the servers. However, making use of others' ones encrypted data without decryption keys is very challenging. In this paper, we suggest a framework that allows users of cloud-based social networks to share their private data in a secure manner. In our framework, every user in a group has his own secret key to encrypt and decrypt data. The key will be revoked if the user leaves the group. Using proxy re-encryption schemes, the framework helps any user be able to access others' data in the same group.
Perfume‐containing polyurea microcapsules with undetectable levels of free isocyanates (2009)

Abstract Core‐shell polyurea microcapsules with a 40% fragrance load were prepared by interfacial polymerization of guanidine and a technical polyisocyanate prepolymer containing mainly the biuret trimer derived from hexamethylene di‐isocyanate (HDI). Residual free polyisocyanates were still present at a level slightly above 100 mg NCO functional group per kg as determined by liquid chromatography hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry of HDI and of its biuret trimer. This level was decreased by a factor of about 10 when the polymerization process was allowed to proceed for a longer time and by a factor of about 500 when guanidine or NaOH were added to the microcapsule suspension to act as scavengers. In these cases, polyisocyanate conversion was observed to proceed for about one month when the microcapsules were stored at room temperature before reaching a plateau at a level below 1 mg NCO/kg. Overall, ammonia was the most efficient polyisocyanate scavenger as no residual HDI biuret trimer and only less than 2 μg NCO/kg as HDI were detected at the end of the process, a level which had dropped below the limit of detection of 0.25 μg NCO/kg after about 40 days of aging at room temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Shibitong priscription on the acute gouty arthritis rats (2012)

Objective To observe the anti-inflammtory mechanism of Shibitong prscription on rats with acute gouty arthritis.Methods 40 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: blank group,model group,colchicine group,Shibitong high-dose group and low-dose group,8 rats in each group.Rat model of acute gouty arthritis was replicated by intra-articular injection of monosodium urate crystal suspension inside the ankle joint.Inflammation index and dysfunction index were observed after modeled 8 h and 72 h.IL-1β and IL-1R expression levels in serum and joint soft tissues were detected.Results The inflammation index and dysfunction index,expression levels of IL-1β and IL-1R in serum and joint soft tissues of the model group were higher than those of other groups(P0.05),and expression levels of IL-1β and IL-1R in joint soft tissues of the Shibitong high-dose group were higher than those of Shititong low-dose group(P0.05).Conclusion The inflammatory effects in rat with acute gouty arthritis can be improvement by treating Shibitong priscription and the Shibitong effects may be related with the decreased expression levels of IL-1β and IL-1R in serum and joint soft tissues.
An efficient grid-based RF fingerprint positioning algorithm for user location estimation in heterogeneous small cell networks (2014)

This paper proposes a novel technique to enhance the performance of grid-based Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprint position estimation framework. First enhancement is an introduction of two overlapping grids of training signatures. As the second enhancement, the location of the testing signature is estimated to be a weighted geometric center of a set of nearest grid units whereas in a traditional grid-based RF fingerprinting only the center point of the nearest grid unit is used for determining the user location. By using the weighting-based location estimation, the accuracy of the location estimation can be improved. The performance evaluation of the enhanced RF fingerprinting algorithm was conducted by analyzing the positioning accuracy of the RF fingerprint signatures obtained from a dynamic system simulation in a heterogeneous LTE small cell environment. The performance evaluation indicates that if the interpolation is based on two nearest grid units, then a maximum of 18.8% improvement in positioning accuracy can be achieved over the conventional approach.
Safe Autonomous Overtaking Maneuver based on Inter-Vehicular Distance Prediction and Multi-Level Bayesian Decision-Making (2018)

This paper describes the design of an overall Multi-Controller Architecture (MCA) for safe automated driving, under uncertainties in highway environment. This MCA combines the decision-making process, the path planning and the control algorithms. In order to ensure the safety and smoothness of the vehicle navigation, a decision-making strategy for handling lane change maneuvers is proposed by means of a robust Two-Sequential Level Bayesian Decision Network (TSLDN). The latter is utilized for the driving situation assessment, the decision-making and for safety verification of the current performed maneuver. Moreover, from actual navigation risk assessment standpoint, a dual-safety criterion combining an Extended Time-To-Collision (ETTC) and a novel Dynamic Predicted Inter-Distance Profile (DPIDP) is developed. The DPIDP is evaluated on-line as the actual distance between vehicles during lane changes maneuvers over an observed control horizon. Thanks to this proposed algorithm, a safety retrospection over the current maneuver risk could be carried out. In this way, the overall MCA described in this paper allows the best probabilistic decision to achieve the vehicle navigation task in hazardous situations while maximizing its safety. Several simulation results show the good performance of the overall proposed control architecture, mainly in terms of efficiency to handle probabilistic decision-making even for very risky/complex scenarios.
A Nuclear Protein, Synthesized in Growth‐Arrested Human Hepatoblastoma Cells, is a Novel Member of the Short‐Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family (1995)

We have described a protein (Hep27) [Donadel, G., Garzelli, C., Frank, R. & Gabrielli, F. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 195, 723-729] which is synthesized and accumulated in the nucleus of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells, following growth arrest induced by butyrate treatment. The synthesis of Hep27 is inhibited in cells that, released from the butyrate block, have resumed DNA synthesis. This report describes the cloning and the characterization of the cDNA coding for the Hep27 protein. The translation of the Hep27 cDNA predicts an amino acid sequence that can be aligned with those of the known short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes (SCAD) family. Both the recognition of enzymic functional domains and the similarity with the SCAD family of proteins of several amino acid blocks throughout the molecule, strongly suggest that this protein is a new member of the SCAD family. In agreement with its nuclear localization Hep27 has a region similar to the bipartite nuclear-targeting sequence. The study of Hep27 mRNA expression and protein synthesis suggests the existence of a regulation at the post-transcriptional level. The possible nuclear role of the Hep27 protein is discussed.
Use of Sol−Gel Chemistry for the Preparation of Cyanogels as Ceramic and Alloy Precursors (1996)

The reaction of aqueous solutions of K2PdCl4 and K3Co(CN)6 results in gellike polymeric materials, characterized by bridging cyanides between the central metals of the adducts. These materials tend to be rigid in nature but contain in excess of 95% water by weight. We refer to these novel transition metal based hydrogels as cyanogels. In contrast to classic inorganic hydrogels these materials are not based on an oxide network. Dehydration of the cyanogels results in amorphous xerogels which maintain the initial polymeric structure of the cyanogel. Thermal processing of gels containing palladium and cobalt centers under an inert atmosphere at temperatures between 200 and 500 °C, produces a new metastable material. Sintering between 500 and 1000 °C produces ferromagnetic alloys, while processing under oxygen in the same temperature region gives the ceramic mixed oxide material PbCoO2, having the delafossite structure.
ChemInform Abstract: IMIDAZOLECARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS OF 10H‐IMIDAZO(1,5‐A)PYRIDO(1,2‐D)PYRAZIN‐10‐ONE, A NOVEL RING SYSTEM (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Aminomethyl‐pyridinen (I) erhält man über die Zwischenstufen (II)‐(IV) die 2‐Mercapto‐imidazolcarbonsäureester (V) sowie die freien Säuren (VI).
Computer generated holography using a graphics processing unit (2006)

We have applied the graphics processing unit (GPU) to computer generated holograms (CGH) to overcome the high computational cost of CGH and have compared the speed of a GPU implementation to a standard CPU implementation. The calculation speed of a GPU (GeForce 6600, nVIDIA) was found to be about 47 times faster than that of a personal computer with a Pentium 4 processor. Our system can realize real-time reconstruction of a 64-point 3-D object at video rate using a liquid-crystal display of resolution 800x600.
Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells (2011)

The conventional in vitro assays for genotoxicity assessment of chemicals are characterised by a high false-positive rate, thus failing to correctly predict their in vivo genotoxic effects. This study aimed to identify the cellular mechanisms induced by the false-positive genotoxins quercetin, 8-Hydroxyquinoline and 17-beta oestradiol in comparison to true genotoxins and non-genotoxins, by combining in vitro phenotypic parameters with transcriptomics data from HepG2 cells. The effects of these compounds on the phosphorylation of H2AX, cell cycle distribution and whole genome gene expression following treatment for 12, 24 and 48 h were compared with the effects of true genotoxins [benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1] and non-genotoxins (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, cyclosporin A and ampicillin C). Quercetin induced similar phenotypic effects as true genotoxins and to some extent similar gene expression alterations. Different gene expression changes were also observed, including the up-regulation of DNA repair-related genes. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and 17-beta oestradiol showed no similarities to the true genotoxins at both the phenotypic and the transcriptomic level. In a classification approach, classifiers were selected to discriminate between genotoxins and non-genotoxins. Subsequent analysis for the false-positive compounds showed quercetin to be predicted as genotoxic and 8-hydroxyquinoline and 17-beta oestradiol as non-genotoxic. Our results support that transcriptomics analysis of compound effects in HepG2 leads to similar results with phenotypic analysis and provides additional mechanistic information. Therefore, combined evaluation of gene expression alterations and relevant functional end points using HepG2 cells may contribute to the better understanding of modes-of-action of chemicals and the correct evaluation of their genotoxic properties.
Rapamycin stimulates viral protein synthesis and augments the shutoff of host protein synthesis upon picornavirus infection (1996)

The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin blocks progression of the cell cycle at G1 in mammalian cells and yeast. We recently showed that rapamycin inhibits both in vitro and in vivo cap-dependent, but not cap-independent, translation. This inhibition is causally related to reduced phosphorylation and consequent activation of 4E-BP1, a repressor of the function of the cap-binding protein, eIF4E. Two members of the picornavirus family, encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus, inhibit phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. Since translation of picornavirus mRNAs is cap independent, inhibition of phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 could contribute to the shutoff of host protein synthesis. Here, we show that rapamycin augments both the shutoff of host protein synthesis and the initial rate of synthesis of viral proteins in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus.
Retrieval and analysis of a clinical total artificial heart (1986)

Examination by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray microanalysis of a clinical total artificial heart (TAH) implanted for 112 days revealed no evidence of calcification, pannus, or vegetative thrombus. A macroscopic thrombus was seen along the suture line in the right atrium but did not obstruct blood flow or valve function. Microscopic thrombi (less than 0.1 mm) and evidence of microemboli were observed on the pumping diaphragm using SEM. Characterization of selected polyetherurethane (PEU) samples from the pumping bladders and housing by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) revealed unexpected differences between postmortem retrieved ventricles. Although the origin of these differences could be traced back to batch-to-batch variations in the original PEU material (Biomer), the precise nature of the observed differences in chemical structure and/or composition is still unknown. Numerical comparison between pyrolysis mass spectra from PEU samples exposed to blood or tissue and unexposed samples from the same ventricles did not detect evidence of biodegradation. Continual improvements in fabrication and quality control should minimize surface imperfections and ensure polymer reproducibility; however, existing materials and design parameters appear to be adequate for continued clinical implantation.
The Multivariate Normal Distribution (1991)

Probability has applications in many areas of modern science, not to mention in our daily life. Its importance as a mathematical discipline cannot be overrated, and it is a fascinating and surprising topic in its own right. This engaging textbook with its easy-to-follow writing style provides a comprehensive yet concise introduction to the subject. It covers all of the standard material for undergraduate and first-year-graduate-level courses as well as many topics that are usually not found in standard texts, such as Bayesian inference, Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, and Chernoff bounds.
On the propagation of weak shock waves (1956)

A method is presented for treating problems of the propagation and ultimate decay of the shocks produced by explosions and by bodies in supersonic flight. The theory is restricted to weak shocks, but is of quite general application within that limitation. In the author's earlier work on this subject (Whitham 1952), only problems having directional symmetry were considered; thus, steady supersonic flow past an axisymmetrical body was a typical example. The present paper extends the method to problems lacking such symmetry. The main step required in the extension is described in the introduction and the general theory is completed in §2; the remainder of the paper is devoted to applications of the theory in specific cases. First, in §3, the problem of the outward propagation of spherical shocks is reconsidered since it provides the simplest illustration of the ideas developed in §2. Then, in §4, the theory is applied to a model of an unsymmetrical explosion. In §5, a brief outline is given of the theory developed by Rao (1956) for the application to a supersonic projectile moving with varying speed and direction. Examples of steady supersonic flow past unsymmetrical bodies are discussed in §6 and 7. The first is the flow past a flat plate delta wing at small incidence to the stream, with leading edges swept inside the Mach cone; the results agree with those previously found by Lighthill (1949) in his work on shocks in cone field problems, and this provides a valuable check on the theory. The second application in steady supersonic flow is to the problem of a thin wing having a finite curved leading edge. It is found that in any given direction the shock from the leading edge ultimately decays exactly as for the bow shock on a body of revolution; the equivalent body of revolution for any direction is determined in terms of the thickness distribution of the wing and varies with the direction chosen. Finally in §8, the wave drag on the wing is calculated from the rate of dissipation of energy by the shocks. The drag is found to be the mean of the drags on the equivalent bodies of revolution for the different directions.