gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tn 5 Transposase Active Site Mutants (2002)

Tn5 transposase (Tnp) is a 53.3-kDa protein that is encoded by and facilitates movement of transposon Tn5. Tnp monomers contain a single active site that is responsible for catalyzing a series of four DNA breaking/joining reactions at one transposon end. Based on primary sequence homology and protein structural information, we designed and constructed a series of plasmids that encode for Tnps containing active site mutations. Following Tnp expression and purification, the active site mutants were tested for their ability to form protein-DNA complexes and perform each of the four catalytic steps in the transposition pathway in vitro. The results demonstrate that Asp-97, Asp-188, and Glu-326, visible in the active site of Tn5 crystal structures, are absolutely required for all catalytic steps. Mutations within a series of amino acid residues that are conserved in the IS4 family of transposases and retroviral integrases also impair Tnp catalytic activity. Mutations at either Tyr-319 or Arg-322 reduce both hairpin resolution and strand transfer activity within protein-DNA complexes. Mutations at Lys-333 reduce the ability of Tnps to form protein-DNA complexes, whereas mutations at the less strongly conserved Lys-330 have less of an effect on both synaptic complex formation and catalytic activity.
Reduction of trial-to-trial variability in functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals by accounting for resting-state functional connectivity (2013)

The reduction of trial-to-trial variability (TTV) in task-evoked functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals by considering the correlated low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations that account for the resting-state functional connectivity in the brain is investigated. A resting-state session followed by a task-state session of a right hand finger-tapping task has been performed on five subjects. Significant ipsilateral and bilateral resting-state functional connectivity has been detected at the subjects' motor cortex using the seed correlation method. The correlation coefficients obtained during the resting-state are used to reduce the TTV in the signals measured during the task sessions. The results suggest that correlated spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations contribute significantly to the TTV in the task evoked fNIRS signals.
Quality of service provision and capacity expansion through extended‐DSA for 5G (2016)

Abstract 5G systems are expected to advance on a number of aspects compared with current systems, for example, providing a 1000 times higher capacity, a much lower latency and improved quality of user experience. This paper presents the vision and approach followed by the H2020 project SPEED‐5G. The approach is based on densification of small cells, exploitation of Multi‐RAT, development of new resource management techniques and a more efficient use of spectrum. A novel 5G system architecture is proposed based on the Network Slicing paradigm, which enables a highly flexible, scalable and backwards compatible architecture. A core aspect is the definition of a new MAC layer that facilitates Multi‐RAT access and allows prioritising and allocating traffic across heterogeneous access technologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Candle Burning at Both Ends (2005)

SUMMARY A formerly married gay man speaks up for the feminine in both women and men and examines gay men's feelings about bisexual men from the standpoint of gender roles and concerns about male identity. Although eschewing dichotomous existence, he reflects on earlier married life and his love and respect for women, and concludes that the road not taken is still visible from another road and still has its attractions and value.
Parzen-window network intrusion detectors (2003)

Network intrusion detection is the problem of detecting anomalous network connections caused by intrusive activities. Many intrusion detection systems proposed before use both normal and intrusion data to build their classifiers. However, intrusion data are usually scarce and difficult to collect. We propose to solve this problem using a novelty detection approach. In particular, we propose to take a nonparametric density estimation approach based on Parzen-window estimators with Gaussian kernels to build an intrusion detection system using normal data only. To facilitate comparison, we have tested our system on the KDD Cup 1999 dataset. Our system compares favorably with the KDD Cup winner which is based on an ensemble of decision trees with bagged boosting, as our system uses no intrusion data at all and much less normal data for training.
Cell Cycle Regulation of E2F Site Occupation in Vivo (1996)

DNA-binding E2F complexes have been identified throughout the mammalian cell cycle, including the transcriptionally inactive complexes with pocket proteins, which occur early in the prereplicative G1 phase of the cycle, and the transactivating free E2F, which increases in late G1. Here, a regulatory B-myb promoter site was shown to bind with high affinity to free E2F and to E2F-pocket protein complexes in an indistinguishable way in vitro. In contrast, in vivo footprinting with NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated E2F site occupation specifically in early G1, when the B-myb promoter is inactive. These observations indicate that a novel mechanism governs E2F-DNA interactions during the cell cycle and emphasize the relevance of E2F site-directed transcriptional repression.
Regression Test Selection Techniques for Test-Driven Development (2011)

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is characterized by repeated execution of a test suite, enabling developers to change code with confidence. However, running an entire test suite after every small code change is not always cost effective. Therefore, regression test selection (RTS) techniques are important for TDD. Particularly challenging for TDD is the task of selecting a small subset of tests that are most likely to detect a regression fault in a given small and localized code change. We present cost-bounded RTS techniques based on both dynamic program analysis and natural-language analysis. We implemented our techniques in a tool called Test Rank, and evaluated its effectiveness on two open-source projects. We show that using these techniques, developers can accelerate their development cycle, while maintaining a high bug detection rate, whether actually following TDD, or in any methodology that combines testing during development.
Satellite-sensor calibration verification with the cloud-shadow method (1998)

An atmospheric-correction method appropriate for high-spatial-resolution sensors that uses cloud-shaded pixels together with pixels in a neighboring region of similar optical properties is described. This cloud-shadow method uses the difference between the total radiance values observed at the sensor for these two regions, thus removing the nearly identical atmospheric radiance contributions to the two signals (e.g., path radiance and Fresnel-reflected skylight). What remains is largely due to solar photons backscattered from beneath the sea to dominate the residual signal. Normalization by the direct solar irradiance reaching the sea surface and correction for some second-order effects provides the remote-sensing reflectance of the ocean at the location of the neighbor region, providing a known ground target spectrum for use in testing the calibration of the sensor. A similar approach may be useful for land targets if horizontal homogeneity of scene reflectance exists about the shadow. Monte Carlo calculations have been used to correct for adjacency effects and to estimate the differences in the skylight reaching the shadowed and neighbor pixels.
Modulating impact of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone on the maturation and function of hematopoietic cells (2011)

hCG hormone is a naturally occurring, immune-modulating agent, which is highly expressed during pregnancy and causes improvements of some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Little is known about its immune-modulating effects. This study in MNCs of women who received hCG as preconditioning prior to IVF demonstrates that hCG increases anti-inflammatory IL-27 expression and reduces inflammatory IL-17 expression. In addition, we found increased IL-10 levels and elevated numbers of Tregs in peripheral blood of women after hCG application. Rejection of allogeneic skin grafts was delayed in female mice receiving hCG. We conclude that hCG may be useful for the induction of immune tolerance in solid organ transplantation.
Arbeitsplatzprojektion für den Bielefelder Arbeitsmarkt bis 1990 (1982)

Die regionale Arbeitsplatzprojektion soll über die Konsequenzen des sektoralen Strukturwandels für den Arbeitsmarkt Bielefeld Auskunft geben. Aufgrund der Problematik kleinräumiger Projektionen können die Ergebnisse nur wesentliche Tendenzen und eine mögliche Bandbreite der Beschäftigungsveränderungen liefern. Die Bandbreite ergibt sich aus der Übertragung verschiedener nationaler Prognosen der sektoralen Beschäftigung (223) sowie aus verschiedenen Annahmen über die Standorteinflüsse, die die regionale Beschäftigungsentwicklung betreffen.
Small signal stability analysis of renewable source connected power system and identification of oscillatory modes using wavelet transform (2015)

This paper analyzes the impact of integration of solar PV and wind power generation on small signal stability of the power system. Standard benchmark IEEE 09 bus system is used for study. The impact has been analyzed by replacing the conventional synchronous generator with solar photo-voltaic generation (SPVG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines separately. The effect of varying penetration level of solar and wind power is also investigated. Eigenvalue analysis is used to compute the frequency and damping factor of oscillatory components that arise due to small disturbances. The oscillatory modes are identified using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), a spectral analysis technique. Power spectral density and time frequency curves are used to extract hidden frequency information from the signal. The different cases have simulated in MATLAB based PSAT, wavelet, and time frequency signal analysis toolboxes.
Regulation of physiological and pathological Th1 and Th2 responses by lactoferrinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin: Structure, Function, and Applications, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. (2006)

In recent years, Lf has gained increasing interest as a result of its protective effects against a variety of diseases. While iron binding and interactions with mammalian receptors and microbial components are the best described mechanisms of action, recent studies have provided evidence that Lf properties may be related to immunoregulatory effects on Th1/Th2 cell activities. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that Lf is able to stimulate the differentiation of T cells from their immature precursors through the induction of the CD4 antigen. Studies performed under nonpathogenic conditions have shown distinct results with regard to the ability of Lf to support the proliferation and differentiation of Th cells into the Th1 or the Th2 phenotype. In addition, Lf plays different roles in diseases by affecting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in a manner dependent on the host's immune status. Thus, Lf could cause a Th1 polarization in diseases in which the ability to control infection or tumor relies on a strong Th1 response. Lf may also reduce the Th1 component to limit excessive inflammatory responses. Finally, Lf may provide protection against Th1- or Th2-induced diseases, such as autoimmune or allergic diseases, through correction of the Th1/Th2 imbalance.
A novel digital frequency multiplier (1986)

This paper presents a digital frequency multiplier having many features not yet found together in existing multipliers. Its acquisition time is within one period of the input signal and it can follow the input frequency over more than three decades. The relative frequency error on its synchronized output signal is independent of the multiplication factor N and is noncumulative. The maximum value of this error is given by f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</inf> /f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> where f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</inf> is the input frequency and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> a master clock frequency. This represents a decrease in the error value by a factor N over many existing digital frequency multipliers.
Genetic Engineering of Industrial Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2011)

Genetic engineering has been successfully applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains for different purposes: extension of substrate range, improvement of productivity and yield, elimination of by-products, improvement of process performance and cellular properties, and extension of product range. The potential of genetically engineered yeasts for the massive production of biofuels as bioethanol and other nonfuel products from renewable resources as lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates has been recognized. For such applications, robust industrial strains of S. cerevisiae have to be used. Here, some relevant genetic and genomic characteristics of industrial strains are discussed in relation to the problematic of the genetic engineering of such strains. General molecular tools applicable to the manipulation of S. cerevisiae industrial strains are presented and examples of genetically engineered industrial strains developed for the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass are given.
Separation of human X and Y spermatozoa by free‐flow electrophoresis (1988)

Free-flow electrophoresis is a fast and promising method for gamete separation. Pretreated seminal plasma-free human spermatozoa were injected continuously as a fine stream into the buffer medium of the separation chamber flowing perpendicular to the forces of an electrical field, which separated the spermatozoa according to their differences in electrophoretic mobility. For characterization of the two classes of spermatozoa before and after separation, quinacrine mustard staining was used to identify the Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa carrying the fluorescent body (F-body). Human spermatozoa moved toward the anode and were separated into two main peaks. The faster moving fraction contained nearly 80% Y-bearing spermatozoa and the slower peak consisted mainly of pure X-bearing spermatozoa. Whereas sperm viability as determined by eosin staining was nearly unchanged, sperm motility was reduced after free-flow electrophoresis.
Placebo-Controlled Study of the D<sub>4</sub>/5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Antagonist Fananserin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia (1999)

The results of this study do not support the prediction that a selective D4 antagonist associated with strong 5-HT2A antagonism will exhibit an antipsychotic effect.
<title>Optomechanical scanners for passive millimeter-wave imaging</title> (2000)

This paper describes the design and development of a novel reflective lens for use at millimeter and microwave frequencies. This lens uses twist-polarization techniques and effectively simulates a refractive lens of index 3 in a cheap, light-weight structure consisting of two wire grid polarizers and a Faraday rotator. This paper also discusses how a high-sped rotary scanning mechanism can be used to produce a linear scan pattern again using twist-polarization techniques. This linear scanner employs a wire grid polarizer in the form of a roof prism, a Faraday rotator or quarter wave plate and a rotating disc inclined with respect to its axis of rotation. Through multiple reflections the original conical scan is cancelled in one direction while it is doubled in the other direction to form a linear scan pattern.
Evaluation of optoacoustic conversion efficiency of light-absorbing films for optoacoustic transmitter applications (2011)

Light-absorbing films have been utilized as optoacoustic transmitters for all optical ultrasound transducers. For these thin-film transmitters, however, optoacoustic conversion efficiencies (OCEs) and the output pressures have not been evaluated over a broadband and high frequency range. Here, we characterized such optoacoustic performance with high precision by using optical microring ultrasound detectors (OMUDs) under a plane wave configuration. We obtained ultrasound pulses minimizing diffraction-induced signal distortion, while maintaining broadband spectral information up to 100 MHz owing to the detector wideband response. In order to find an efficient thermal transfer medium for optoacoustic generation, we compared the OCEs and the output pressures for various polymers. Finally, a 2-D gold nanostructure with the polymer layer was characterized over the broadband frequency range.
Über die Reaktion von 6‐Amino‐thiopyranthionen‐(2) mit Aminen (1973)

Abstract Primäre Amine reagieren mit 6‐Amino‐thiopyranthionen‐(2) 1 oder deren S‐Methylderivaten 2 unter Ringumwandlung zu 1‐substituierten 6‐Amino‐pyridinthionen 6 . Mit Hydroxylamin gelangt man so zu 2‐Aminopyridin‐N‐oxiden, mit Hydrazin zu 1,2‐Diaminopyridinthionen‐(2), die mit salpetriger Säure Desaminierung, mit Ameisensäure eine Umlagerung zu 2‐Amino‐6‐rhodanopyridinen erleiden. Anilin reagiert nur mit 2 zu isolierbaren 6‐Aminothiopyron‐2‐iminen 3 , die sich ebenfalls zu Pyridinthionen umlagern lassen. Sekundäre Amine liefern mit 1 2‐Amino‐6‐mercapto‐pyridine 14 .
Mapping the literature of radiation therapy (2013)

The knowledgebase of radiation therapy draws heavily from the fields of oncology, radiology, medical physics, and nursing. Discipline-specific publications are not currently well covered by major indexing services, and those wishing to conduct comprehensive literature searches should search multiple resources.
A Benchmark and Baseline for Language-Driven Image Editing (2020)

Language-driven image editing can significantly save the laborious image editing work and be friendly to the photography novice. However, most similar work can only deal with a specific image domain or can only do global retouching. To solve this new task, we first present a new language-driven image editing dataset that supports both local and global editing with editing operation and mask annotations. Besides, we also propose a baseline method that fully utilizes the annotation to solve this problem. Our new method treats each editing operation as a sub-module and can automatically predict operation parameters. Not only performing well on challenging user data, but such an approach is also highly interpretable. We believe our work, including both the benchmark and the baseline, will advance the image editing area towards a more general and free-form level.
Deregulated Expression of c- in Megakaryocytes of Transgenic Mice Increases Megakaryopoiesis and Decreases Polyploidization (1996)

Platelets, essential for vascular integrity and hemostasis, fragment from polyploid megakaryocytes, characterized by their endomitotic cell cycle. We studied the influence of overexpression of c-myc oncogene on megakaryopoiesis and endomitosis in vivo, using transgenic mice carrying c-myc fused to the estrogen receptor under the control of the platelet factor 4 (PF4) megakaryocyte-specific promoter. The rationale behind this strategy was to obtain controlled overexpression of an active c-Myc, depending on the estrogen level in the mouse circulation. Analysis of these transgenic mice revealed that the bone marrow of female transgenic mice or of estrogen-injected male transgenic mice, but not of age-matched transgenic males nor nontransgenic females, contained frequent immature myeloid cells and an increased number of megakaryocytes. Deregulated expression of c-Myc shifted the normal ploidy profile of megakaryocytes due to a significant increase in proliferating megakaryocytes and a decrease in the fraction of ploidizing cells. These transgenic mice represent a novel in vivo model for a Myc-induced myeloproliferative disorder which can be controlled.
Numerical Calculation of the Fluid Dynamics of Drop-on-Demand Jets (1984)

A numerical method that makes use of the complete incompressible flow equations with a free surface is discussed and used to study an impulsively driven laminar jet. Flow behavior dependence upon fluid properties (characterized by a Reynolds number over Weber number nondimensionalization) is compared for drop integrity purposes. Several variations of square wave pressure history applied at a nozzle inlet are discussed in relation to drop velocities produced and structure of ejected drops. Timewise development of flow both interior and exterior to the nozzle is illustrated through computed contour sequences.
Comparison of post‐hatch holding time and subsequent early performance of broiler chicks and Turkey poults (1993)

Abstract 1. The effect of a holding period, lasting up to 48 h post‐hatch, on early growth and mortality rate was studied in broiler chicks and turkey poults. 2. After 48 h of food and water deprivation, birds of both species lost about a tenth of their initial post‐hatch weight. Weight loss was more marked in poults subjected to heat stress. Thus, duration of the holding period adversely affected early growth. 3. During the 48‐h holding period, the relative weight of residual yolk decreased in both species by approximately half of its weight in the just hatched chicks and poults. Relative yolk size was much higher in poults than in broilers. 4. On day 1 weight loss was attributed to degradation of the yolk sac, whereas on day 2 only about two‐thirds of the loss could be attributed to residual yolk. Body composition of newly‐hatched broiler chicks did not differ from those held for 24 h despite shortages of energy. However, after 48 h body fat content was markedly reduced compared to newly‐hatched or 24‐h‐old birds. 5. Irrespective of access to food, the relative size of the gastrointestinal tract increased with holding time in both species, reflecting its importance. 6. It was concluded that post‐hatch birds deprived of food and water for 48 h face a severe shortage of energy, causing alterations in body composition. This in turn adversely affects early growth and increases mortality rate under heat stress.
Pyrolytic Reactions of Carbohydrates. Part IV. Anhydro‐Sugar Formation and Transglycosylation in the Thermal Reactions of Various Glucose Derivatives (1969)

Abstract The formation of levoglucosan and 1,6‐anhydroglucofuranose in the thermal decomposition of glucose derivatives, such as methyl and phenyl glucosides and oligosaccharides was studied. It was found that the cleavage of glucosidic linkages in general involves both transglycosylation and hydrolysis. Some conclusions relating to the thermal stability of the various glucosides were drawn and the mechanisms of the reaction are discussed.
Escherichia coli Antibody: A Screening Test for Immunodeficiency (1974)

Six patients suffering from recurrent chest infections were found to lack antibodies to a pooled antigen obtained from six different serotypes of commensal Escherichia coli bacteria. All had normal serum IgG concentrations, but five subsequently benefited from regular gammaglobulin injections. We suggest that the absence of such E. coli antibodies usually indicates a clinically significant defect in antibody production. This simple screening test is of use in the diagnosis of primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders.