gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro methylation of the promoter and enhancer of Pro alpha 1(I) collagen gene leads to its transcriptional inactivation (1991)

We created pCOL-KT, a plasmid construct in which the promoter/enhancer of human Pro alpha 1(I) gene is linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene. The Pro alpha 1(I) promoter/enhancer in pCOL-KT was methylated in vitro and tested for transcriptional activity by transient expression analysis. Methylation of the construct with bacterial methylases reduced transcriptional activity about 25-fold. Site-specific methylation of eight potential canonical sites of eukaryotic methylation within the promoter greatly reduced transcriptional activity. Chromatin conformation of the transfected pCOL-KT DNA was analyzed by nuclease sensitivity. Although both methylated and unmethylated transfected DNA had increased susceptibility to DNase I compared with the endogenous gene, the methylated transfected DNA showed increased resistance to nuclease when compared with unmethylated transfected DNA, indicating that the methylation of the DNA alters the chromatin conformation. We also tested the ability of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line that does not express type I collagen to support transcription from an exogenously added Pro alpha 1(I) promoter/enhancer. The transformed cell line is able to support transcription from the Pro alpha 1(I) promoter/enhancer. Treatment of the transformed cell line with 5-azacytidine, a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation, resulted in transcriptional activation of the Pro alpha 1(I) gene. These findings, along with the extreme methylation sensitivity of the Pro alpha 1(I) promoter and enhancer, suggest that DNA methylation may be an important mechanism of transcriptional inactivation of interstitial collagen genes.
A guide to filter paper and cellulose powder chromatography. (1952)

A guide to filter paper and cellulose powder chromatography , A guide to filter paper and cellulose powder chromatography , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Inflammatory Mediators Hold the Key to Dendritic Cell Suppression and Tumor Progression (2011)

Cancer has long been considered a disease that is associated with immune tolerance. Its connection with inflammation initially appears paradoxical. During the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that immune infiltrates form an integral part of tumor and critically contribute to its development and progression. In the tumor milieu, a variety of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines (IL- 6, IL-10, VEGF, TGFβ, M-CSF and GM-CSF), chemokines (CCL20 and CXCL8), hormones (prostanoids like PGE2), reactive oxygen species and cellular constituents (gangliosides), are continuously produced. These mediators represent a critical interface between immune and neoplastic compartments. Not only do they continuously support tumor survival and expansion, but suppress the function of immune cells, notably, dendritic cells - the powerful antigen presenting cells that are crucial for induction of tumor-specific immune responses. This review summarizes such a dual role of inflammatory factors and discusses the controversies associated with specific mediators including IL-10, GM-CSF and ROS in tumor and immune modulation. Identifying the inflammatory signature of cancer patients hence represents a critical task for individualized immunotherapy in the future.
Intermolecular Addition Reactionsof <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ions (Part I) (2009)

This review highlights the advances in the literature up to July 2008 on the intermolecular reactions of acyclic and cyclic N-acyliminium ions. This is an update of an earlier review in 2000 on this topic and does not include intramolecular addition reactions to N-acyliminium ions which was recently reviewed. This review is presented in two parts, with the first part dealing with acyclic and pyrrolidinone-based N-acyliminium ions. Part II continues with other five-membered heterocyclic derivatives and higher systems.
High-speed InGaAsP/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator with high optical power handling capacity (1992)

The high-speed and static characteristics at high optical intensity of an InGaAsP/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator at 1.53μm are investigated. When considering wavelength and device length, and allowing a bandwidth in excess of 20GHz and 2V drive voltage, the authors found that the static and large-signal dynamic performances do not change with 5.6 dBm of coupled optical power. This is the highest optical power level that an electroabsorption modulator (bulk or MQW) has ever been reported to handle without degradation.
Requirement for p27<sup>KIP1</sup> in Retinoblastoma Protein-Mediated Senescence (2001)

In vivo and in vitro evidence indicate that cells do not divide indefinitely but instead stop growing and undergo a process termed cellular proliferative senescence. Very little is known about how senescence occurs, but there are several indications that the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is involved, the most striking being that reintroduction of RB into RB(-/-) tumor cell lines induces senescence. In investigating the mechanism by which pRb induces senescence, we have found that pRb causes a posttranscriptional accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1) that is accompanied by an increase in p27(KIP1) specifically bound to cyclin E and a concomitant decrease in cyclin E-associated kinase activity. In contrast, pRb-related proteins p107 and p130, which also decrease cyclin E-kinase activity, do not cause an accumulation of p27(KIP1) and induce senescence poorly. In addition, the use of pRb proteins mutated in the pocket domain demonstrates that pRb upregulation of p27(KIP1) and senescence induction do not require the interaction of pRb with E2F. Furthermore, ectopic expression of p21(CIP1) or p27(KIP1) induces senescence but not the morphology change associated with pRb-mediated senescence, uncoupling senescence from the morphological transformation. Finally, the ability of pRb to maintain cell cycle arrest and induce senescence is reversibly abrogated by ablation of p27(KIP1) expression. These findings suggest that prolonged cell cycle arrest through the persistent and specific inhibition of cdk2 activity by p27(KIP1) is critical for pRb-induced senescence.
The reverse bias requirement for pin diodes in high power switches and phase shifters (2002)

A key design and cost parameter in a high-power p-i-n diode application is the selection of the applied DC reverse bias voltage. Up to now, this voltage has been chosen either by conservatively using the magnitude of the peak RF voltage or by empirical trials to determine a possible lower level. An exploration is made of the reverse bias requirement for a p-i-n diode operating in a high-power RF and microwave environment. It is demonstrated that the minimum reverse bias voltage is equivalent to the p-i-n diode's self-generated DC voltage under similar RF conditions. An expression for this voltage was developed and experimentally verified that will assist the design engineer in more accurately selecting an appropriate minimum value for the applied reverse bias voltage setting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supraglottal Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Adductor Type Spasmodic Dysphonia With Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hyperfunction (1998)

Patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (SD) often exhibit both glottal and supraglottal hyperfunction. Based on the hypothesis that a "ventricular muscle" may contribute to the hyperfunction in these cases, eight patients with adductor type SD were treated with bilateral injection of botulinum toxin type A into the ventricular folds. Four weeks after injection, ventricular fold hyperfunction was absent in all cases. Number of voice breaks, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, and shimmer were significantly improved. Voice range profiles of the speaking voice were significantly extended in dynamic and frequency range. Side effects were a breathy phonation and mild swallowing difficulties without aspiration for about 1 week. Patients' self-rating concerning strangled and breathy voicing demonstrated an interval of acceptable voice quality between 1 week and 4 months after injection in all cases. Results suggest that supraglottal injection in patients with SD of both glottal and supraglottal hyperfunction, as a new approach, can normalize supraglottal activity and improve glottal voicing. Based on our experience with other patients with adductor type of SD, this injection technique is as efficient as injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle. Nevertheless, it remains to be proved that a pathologic ventricular muscle activity is addressed by this technique or if it is based on spreading to the thyroarytenoid muscle.
Air Data Sensor Fault Detection with an Augmented Floating Limiter (2018)

Although very uncommon, the sequential failures of all aircraft Pitot tubes, with the consequent loss of signals for all the dynamic parameters from the Air Data System, have been found to be the cause of a number of catastrophic accidents in aviation history. This paper proposes a robust data-driven method to detect faulty measurements of aircraft airspeed, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. This approach first consists in the appropriate selection of suitable sets of model regressors to be used as inputs of neural network-based estimators to be used online for failure detection. The setup of the proposed fault detection method is based on the statistical analysis of the residual signals in fault-free conditions, which, in turn, allows the tuning of a pair of floating limiter detectors that act as time-varying fault detection thresholds with the objective of reducing both the false alarm rate and the detection delay. The proposed approach has been validated using real flight data by injecting artificial ramp and hard failures on the above sensors. The results confirm the capabilities of the proposed scheme showing accurate detection with a desirable low level of false alarm when compared with an equivalent scheme with conventional “a priori set” fixed detection thresholds. The achieved performance improvement consists mainly in a substantial reduction of the detection time while keeping desirable low false alarm rates.
Metal Phenolates as Polymerization Catalysts (2012)

Abstract Phenolates represent versatile ligand scaffolds capable of stabilizing a large variety of both oxophilic metal centers and late transition elements. Over the past 50 years, they have played a prominent role in the rise of discrete metal complexes employed to promote, initiate and/or catalyze a variety of controlled homogeneous polymerization reactions. This chapter features a selection of the most remarkable metal phenolate complexes used in the polymerization of olefins, styrene and dienes, cyclic esters and (meth)acrylates. Coordination‐insertion polymerization reactions are emphasized, but other types of mechanisms are also treated. Specifically highlighted are catalytic systems where the phenolate ligands have proved valuable ancillaries, to provide either exceptional stability to active species and to generate highly productive catalysts, and/or to control the polymerization reactions, imparting a unique capacity to obtain polymers with tailored macromolecular features: molecular weights and their dispersion, (co)monomer distribution and regio/stereoselectivity.
The synthesis, characterization and properties of bovine serum albuminmicrospheres carrying 8-phenylamine-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (2019)

As a novel drug carrier, protein microsphere has advantages in high efficiency, low toxicity, clear target direction, controllable release, easy degradation etc. In the paper, the Bovine Serum Albumin microspheres carrying 8-phenylamine-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as drug alternatives were synthesized by emulsifying-crosslinking method. Its shape and size were characterized through scanning electron microscope. And the recovery of ANS, encapsulation efficiency of microspheres, ANS loading rate and the cumulative release percentage were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Smooth surface of microsphere particle with 2-10 μm in size for empty microspheres and 2-14 μm for carrying ANS microspheres were observed under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Encapsulation efficiency of microspheres is 88.34%, and the ANS loading rate is 5.49%. ANS release kinetics in vitro was also detected and it was found that the release curve is more in line with Korsemyer-Peppas Model: lnQ=0.115lnt ± 3.857 (R2=0.99067).
Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Is Required for Murine Melanoma Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

Tumor development is a multistep process in which both genetic and epigenetic events cooperate for the emergence of a malignant clone. The possibility that endogenous retroviruses promote the expansion of a neoplastic clone by subverting immune surveillance has been proposed, but remained elusive. Here we show that knocking down-by RNA interference-an endogenous retrovirus spontaneously induced in the B16 murine melanoma results in the rejection of the tumor cells in immunocompetent mice, under conditions where control melanoma cells grow into lethal tumors. The knockdown does not modify the transformed phenotype of the cells, as measured both in vitro by a soft agar assay and in vivo by tumor cell proliferation in immunoincompetent (X-irradiated and severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Tumor rejection can be reverted upon adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells from control melanoma-engrafted mice, as well as upon reexpression of the sole envelope gene of the endogenous retrovirus in the knocked down cells. These results show that endogenous retroviruses can be essential for a regulatory T-cell-mediated subversion of immune surveillance and could be relevant to human tumors where such elements-and especially their envelope gene-are induced.
Correcting Smartphone orientation for accelerometer-based analysis (2013)

A method was developed for rotating a Smartphone accelerometer coordinate system from an offset to a predetermined three-dimensional position to improve accelerometer-based activity identification. A quaternion-based rotation matrix was constructed from an axis-angle pair, produced via algebraic manipulations of the gravity acceleration components in the device's body-fixed frame of reference with the desired position of the vector. The rotation matrix is constructed during quiet standing and then applied to all subsequent accelerometer readings thereafter, transforming their values in this new fixed frame. This method provides a consistent accelerometer orientation between people, thereby reducing Smartphone orientation variability that can adversely affect activity classification algorithms.
Post-fabrication phase trimming of Mach–Zehnder interferometers by laser annealing of germanium implanted waveguides (2017)

We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication based phase errors. The effective index change of the optical mode is 0.19 in our measurement, which is approximately an order of magnitude improvement compared to previous work with similar excess optical loss. Our measurement results suggest that a phase accuracy of 0.078 rad was achievable with active feedback control.
A combinational feature selection and ensemble neural network method for classification of gene expression data (2004)

Abstract Background Microarray experiments are becoming a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis, as they have the potential to discover gene expression patterns that are characteristic for a particular disease. To date, this problem has received most attention in the context of cancer research, especially in tumor classification. Various feature selection methods and classifier design strategies also have been generally used and compared. However, most published articles on tumor classification have applied a certain technique to a certain dataset, and recently several researchers compared these techniques based on several public datasets. But, it has been verified that differently selected features reflect different aspects of the dataset and some selected features can obtain better solutions on some certain problems. At the same time, faced with a large amount of microarray data with little knowledge, it is difficult to find the intrinsic characteristics using traditional methods. In this paper, we attempt to introduce a combinational feature selection method in conjunction with ensemble neural networks to generally improve the accuracy and robustness of sample classification. Results We validate our new method on several recent publicly available datasets both with predictive accuracy of testing samples and through cross validation. Compared with the best performance of other current methods, remarkably improved results can be obtained using our new strategy on a wide range of different datasets. Conclusions Thus, we conclude that our methods can obtain more information in microarray data to get more accurate classification and also can help to extract the latent marker genes of the diseases for better diagnosis and treatment.
The Minnesota Arrowhead Country. Compiled by workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Minnesota. American Guide Series. (Chicago: Albert Whitman and Company, 1941. xxi + 231 pp. Maps, illustrations, and appendices. $2.50.) (1942)

The Minnesota Arrowhead Country. Compiled by workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Minnesota. American Guide Series. (Chicago: Albert Whitman and Company, 1941. xxi + 231 pp. Maps, illustrations, and appendices. $2.50.) Nelson Vance Russell Nelson Vance Russell Carleton College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 29, Issue 2, September 1942, Pages 289–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/29.2.289 Published: 01 September 1942
Offset dual-patch antenna microstrip (1993)

The characteristics of aperture-coupled dual-patch rectangular microstrip antennas with an air gap between the substrates supporting the two patches are studied experimentally. It is demonstrated that further improvement in input SWR bandwidth can be obtained by offsetting, or allowing a horizontal displacement for, the upper patch with respect to the lower patch. Measurements on gain and radiation patterns are also presented.
It's only pixels, badges, and stars: On the economic value of reputation on Airbnb (2016)

Abstract: Trust is a crucial prerequisite for peer-to-peer rental and sharing. Therefore, platform operators such as Airbnb have implemented a host of trust-building mechanisms, user interface (UI) artefacts, and reputation systems. While the role of reputation systems for establishing trust is well-understood, little is known about how reputation actually translates into tangible economic value. In this paper, we thus consider the economic value of trust artefacts on Airbnb by quantifying price effects of common reputation features from a signalling theory perspective. Our analysis is based on a large-scale dataset from 86 German cities and hedonic price modelling. We find that index signals such as the hosts’ rating scores, duration of membership, and Superhost status provide economic value. Moreover, also conventional signals such as accommodation photographs consistently translate into price premiums. We discuss implications for platform operators, users, and the general design of IS artefacts intended to facilitate peer-to-peer platform interactions.
Two cases of Seborrheic Dermatitis treated by Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture Therapy (2012)

Abstract Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture Therapy on Seborrheic Dermatitis Methods : An author treated distillation of Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharm acopuncture(0.8cc) on both LI20(Yenoghyang), SI18(Gwollyo), ST7(Hagwan) of patient’s spots on the face suitable for acupuncture and examined variation of two Seborrheic Dermatitis cases Results : The Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture Therapy was effect ive on amelioration of symptoms like flare, pricking and itching sense in Seborrheic Dermatitis Conclusions : The above result indicate that Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmaco puncture Therapy has an effect on Seborrheic Dermatitis, and an author consider that continuou s clinical study will be needed in other Pharmacopuncture and Korean medical treatmentKey words : Seborrheic Dermatitis; Hwangryunhaedok-tang; Pharmacopuncture T herapy ⓒ 2012 the Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngolo gy & Dermatology Society. This is an Open Access journal distributed under the terms of t he Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/license/by-nc/3.0/) which permits u nrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Blackouts, Restoration, and Islanding: A System Resilience Perspective (2020)

The resilience (or resiliency) of a system is characterized by its resistive, anticipative, absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities when facing adverse events. Resilience is an umbrella term that goes beyond related concepts like robustness and protection, redundancy and fallback options, or reliability. A system is considered resilient when it can provide a high level of service, even after highimpact, low-probability events. For every system, resilience regarding a specific event can be analyzed by studying the system's performance over time.
Mixed Lutetium Iodide Compounds (2008)

In this paper we present initial results on mixed LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -YI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -GdI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> scintillators for gamma and neutron detection. The scintillation properties were investigated and compared to the results obtained for the binary compositions. Small samples, few millimeters in size, were tested. Under X-ray excitation each crystal exhibits bright green emission in the 425 to 750 nm spectral range. The exact peak position depends slightly on the material composition. The emission is due to d-f transitions on the Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion. The scintillation under gamma excitation is fast and decays with about 30 ns time constant. The rise time varies slightly and it can be as fast as 0.5 ns. The light output of the investigated samples varied from 115,000plusmn13,000 ph/MeV for LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> to 68,000plusmn8,000 ph/MeV for LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -YI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> composition. The energy resolution at 662 keV was difficult to estimate since the samples lacked in crystal quality. LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -GdI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> composition was also tested for the detection of thermal neutrons from a moderated <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source. The neutron peak appears at 81 keV when compared to 60 keV peak in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am spectrum recorded under the same conditions. The light output per a single detected neutron is about ~6,350 photons.