gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erasure coding for cloud storage systems: A survey (2013)

In the current era of cloud computing, data stored in the cloud is being generated at a tremendous speed, and thus the cloud storage system has become one of the key components in cloud computing. By storing a substantial amount of data in commodity disks inside the data center that hosts the cloud, the cloud storage system must consider one question very carefully: how do we store data reliably with a high efficiency in terms of both storage overhead and data integrity? Though it is easy to store replicated data to tolerate a certain amount of data losses, it suffers from a very low storage efficiency. Conventional erasure coding techniques, such as Reed-Solomon codes, are able to achieve a much lower storage cost with the same level of tolerance against disk failures. However, it incurs much higher repair costs, not to mention an even higher access latency. In this sense, designing new coding techniques for cloud storage systems has gained a significant amount of attention in both academia and the industry. In this paper, we examine the existing results of coding techniques for cloud storage systems. Specifically, we present these coding techniques into two categories: regenerating codes and locally repairable codes. These two kinds of codes meet the requirements of cloud storage along two different axes: optimizing bandwidth and I/O overhead. We present an overview of recent advances in these two categories of coding techniques. Moreover, we introduce the main ideas of some specific coding techniques at a high level, and discuss their motivations and performance.
2-[<sup>125</sup>I]Iodomelatonin Binding Sites in Hamster Brain Membranes: Pharmacological Characteristics and Regional Distribution* (1988)

Studies in a variety of seasonally breeding mammals have shown that melatonin mediates photoperiodic effects on reproduction. Relatively little is known, however, about the site(s) or mechanisms of action of this hormone for inducing reproductive effects. Although binding sites for [3H]melatonin have been reported previously in bovine, rat, and hamster brain, the pharmacological selectivity of these sites was never demonstrated. In the present study, we have characterized binding sites for a new radioligand, 2-[125I]iodomelatonin, in brains from a photoperiodic species, the Syrian hamster. 2-[125I]Iodomelatonin labels a high affinity binding site in hamster brain membranes. Specific binding of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin is rapid, stable, saturable, and reversible. Saturation studies demonstrated that 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binds to a single class of sites with an affinity constant (Kd) of 3.3 +/- 0.5 nM and a total binding capacity (Bmax) of 110.2 +/- 13.4 fmol/mg protein (n = 4). The Kd value determined from kinetic analysis (3.1 +/- 0.9 nM; n = 5) was very similar to that obtained from saturation experiments. Competition experiments showed that the relative order of potency of a variety of indoles for inhibition of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding site to hamster brain membranes was as follows: 6-chloromelatonin greater than or equal to 2-iodomelatonin greater than N-acetylserotonin greater than or equal to 6-methoxymelatonin greater than or equal to melatonin greater than 6-hydroxymelatonin greater than or equal to 6,7-dichloro-2-methylmelatonin greater than 5-methoxytryptophol greater than 5-methoxytryptamine greater than or equal to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine greater than N-acetyltryptamine greater than serotonin greater than 5-methoxyindole (inactive). Compounds known to act at serotonergic, adrenergic, or dopaminergic receptors were either inactive or relatively ineffective as compared to melatonin. These results suggest that 2-[125I]iodomelatonin is a selective, high affinity probe for identifying melatonin receptor binding sites in rodent brain.
Donor-Derived Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation (2013)

Advances in surgical technique, immunosuppression and antimicrobial prophylaxis have resulted in significantly reduced morbidity and mortality following organ transplantation. As a result, transplantation is currently considered the definitive therapy for individuals with end-organ failure. Despite these advances, unexpected transmission of infections from the donor to the recipient remains a rare complication of transplantation; when it does occur, the event is frequently associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1,2).
Organocatalytic Oxidation. Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Ketones and Iminium Salts (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTOrganocatalytic Oxidation. Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Ketones and Iminium SaltsO. Andrea Wong and Yian Shi*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 9, 3958–3987Publication Date (Web):July 1, 2008Publication History Received14 February 2008Published online1 July 2008Published inissue 10 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068367vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068367vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13566Altmetric-Citations453LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Organic reactions,Salts Get e-Alerts
Highly-reliable ferroelectric memory technology with bismuth-layer structured thin films (Y-1 family) (2002)

A highly-reliable ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) which ensures retention of data written at a low voltage of 2.5 V and humidity resistance for 10 years under a high temperature of 70/spl deg/C has been successfully developed for the first time. These excellent characteristics have been attained by a newly developed ferroelectric material with mixed superlattice crystal of Y-1 family and a integration technology which makes the use of pl-SiN passivation possible.
Purification of a protein from serum of cattle with hepatic lipidosis, and identification of the protein as haptoglobin (1992)

A protein that has 2 subunits with molecular weight of 35,000 and 23,000 was detected in serum of cattle with hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver). The protein was purified from serum obtained from a cow with fatty liver, and was identified as haptoglobin, which is known to have hemoglobin-binding capacity and to be an acute-phase protein. To assess the relevance of haptoglobin in fatty liver, cattle were classified in 3 groups (healthy control, haptoglobin-positive, and haptoglobin-negative); liver triglyceride content and several serum biochemical variables were evaluated for the 3 groups. Compared with the control and haptoglobin-negative cattle, haptoglobin-positive cattle had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher liver triglyceride content, serum bilirubin concentration, and aspartate transaminase activity. Serum haptoglobin concentration was high in slaughter cattle (27 of 40 cattle tested), particularly in cows (20/28).
<i>p</i>-Terphenyls with Cytotoxic Activity toward Sea Urchin Embryos (1985)

Journal Article p-Terphenyls with Cytotoxic Activity toward Sea Urchin Embryos Get access Akio Kobayashi, Akio Kobayashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Takemoto, Akira Takemoto Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koichi Koshimizu, Koichi Koshimizu Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuyoshi Kawazu Kazuyoshi Kawazu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 3, 1 March 1985, Pages 867–868, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10866816 Published: 01 March 1985 Article history Received: 27 August 1984 Published: 01 March 1985
Tertiary structural constraints on protein evolutionary diversity: templates, key residues and structure prediction (1990)

The pattern of residue substitution in divergently evolving families of globular proteins is highly variable. At each position in a fold there are constraints on the identities of amino acids from both the three-dimensional structure and the function of the protein. To characterize and quantify the structural constraints, we have made a comparative analysis of families of homologous globular proteins. Residues are classified according to amino acid type, secondary structure, accessibility of the sidechain, and existence of hydrogen bonds from sidechain to other sidechains or peptide carbonyl or amide functions. There are distinct patterns of substitution especially where residues are both solvent inaccessible and hydrogen bonded through their sidechains. The patterns of residue substitution can be used to construct templates or to identify 'key' residues if one or more structures are known. Conversely, analysis of conversation and substitution across a large family of aligned sequences in terms of substitution profiles can allow prediction of tertiary environment or indicate a functional role. Similar analyses can be used to test the validity of putative structures if several homologous sequences are available.
Discuss the Relationship Between Electromagnetic Radiation and Inductive Current (2004)

Electromagnetic wave radiation could induce electricity on the surface of metal, or induce current in the guided missile linker with badness shielding. These would endanger the safety of the electricity detonated weapon. This article discussed the relationship of the inductive current, the lever of electromagnetic field, and the loop circuit impedance by some test date concisely.
Correspondence (1934)

May I be permitted to reply to a number of criticisms levelled against me in Dr. Brailsford's article on Spondylolisthesis (November 1933). On p. 699, I am criticised for stating that spondylolisthesis is more common in the labouring than in the upper classes. In that belief I am in good company.
Predicting Prostate Biopsy Results Using a Panel of Plasma and Urine Biomarkers Combined in a Scoring System (2016)

Background: Determining the need for prostate biopsy is frequently difficult and more objective criteria are needed to predict the presence of high grade prostate cancer (PCa). To reduce the rate of unnecessary biopsies, we explored the potential of using biomarkers in urine and plasma to develop a scoring system to predict prostate biopsy results and the presence of high grade PCa. Methods: Urine and plasma specimens were collected from 319 patients recommended for prostate biopsies. We measured the gene expression levels of UAP1, PDLIM5, IMPDH2, HSPD1, PCA3, PSA, TMPRSS2, ERG, GAPDH, B2M, AR, and PTEN in plasma and urine. Patient age, serum prostate-specific antigen (sPSA) level, and biomarkers data were used to develop two independent algorithms, one for predicting the presence of PCa and the other for predicting high-grade PCa (Gleason score [GS] 7). Results: Using training and validation data sets, a model for predicting the outcome of PCa biopsy was developed with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.87. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 87% and 63%, respectively. We then developed a second algorithm to identify patients with high-grade PCa (GS 7). This algorithm's AUROC was 0.80, and had a PPV and NPV of 56% and 77%, respectively. Patients who demonstrated concordant results using both algorithms showed a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 93% for predicting high-grade aggressive PCa. Thus, the use of both algorithms resulted in a PPV of 90% and NPV of 89% for predicting high-grade PCa with toleration of some low-grade PCa (GS <7) being detected. Conclusions: This model of a biomarker panel with algorithmic interpretation can be used as a "liquid biopsy" to reduce the need for unnecessary tissue biopsies, and help to guide appropriate treatment decisions.
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of pain in laboratory rodents and rabbits (1992)

The data concerning the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and evidence for their efficacy in laboratory rats and mice are reviewed. This information is then extrapolated to clinical situations and dose rates that take account of ulcerogenic side effects are recommended. NSAIDs have the potential to be a very useful group of analgesics and should always be considered when attempting to provide pain relief in laboratory animals.
Divisions over the international division of labour (1984)

Interpretations of the new international division of labour can be divided between those which emphasise the sphere of exchange, those which focus on the sphere of production, and those which are based on an analysis of the circuits of capital in the internationalization of capital. This article reviews these different approaches to the NIDL and discusses their implications for socialist strategies
A low-noise amplifier with automatic gain control and anticlipping control in CMOS technology (1992)

A CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) with two variable gain ranges of 6 and 9 dB is presented. Variable gain is realized by using linearized MOS resistive circuits (MRCs) as voltage-controlled resistors. One of these resistors is located in the feedback loop of a transresistance output stage and the other is in the bias current generator of the transconductance input stage. Using compatible lateral bipolar transistors (CLBTs) in the fully differential transconductance input stage, the circuit takes advantage of the linear dependence of transconductance on bias current. The equivalent noise is 14 nV/ square root Hz and free from 1/f noise in the voice band. The circuit was integrated in a 2- mu m CMOS process and has an active area of 0.8 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of resveratrol in experimental and clinical non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2014)

The prevalence of obesity and related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited. Alternative treatment options are therefore intensively sought after. An interesting candidate is the natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) that activates adenosinmonophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and silent information regulation-2 homolog 1 (SIRT1). In addition, RSV has known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we review the current evidence for RSV-mediated effects on NAFLD and address the different aspects of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis with respect to free fatty acid (FFA) flux from adipose tissue, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, inadequate FFA β-oxidation and additional intra- and extrahepatic inflammatory and oxidant hits. We review the in vivo evidence from animal studies and clinical trials. The abundance of animal studies reports a decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation, liver weight and a general improvement in histological fatty liver changes, along with a reduction in circulating insulin, glucose and lipid levels. Some studies document AMPK or SIRT1 activation, and modulation of relevant markers of hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation and oxidation status. However, AMPK/SIRT1-independent actions are also likely. Clinical trials are scarce and have primarily been performed with a focus on overweight/obese participants without a focus on NAFLD/NASH and histological liver changes. Future clinical studies with appropriate design are needed to clarify the true impact of RSV treatment in NAFLD/NASH patients.
Retinoid X receptor heterodimerization and developmental expression distinguish the orphan nuclear receptors NGFI-B, Nurr1, and Nor1. (1996)

NGFI-B, Nurr1, and Nor1 are three closely related orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. These receptors can bind to DNA as monomers and exhibit constitutive transcriptional activity. Moreover, two of the receptors, NGFI-B and Nurr1, have previously been shown to form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Such heterodimers as well as complexes formed between RXR and the all-trans retinoic acid receptor bind to DNA response elements composed of direct repeats spaced by five nucleotides (DR5). However, whereas retinoic acid receptor can inhibit ligand-dependent RXR activation, NGFI-B and Nurr1 allow efficient RXR activation through DR5 elements and thus define a distinct pathway for vitamin A signaling. In this study we demonstrate that the most recently identified member of the subfamily, Nor1, shows similar monomer DNA-binding and constitutive transactivation properties as NGFI-B and Nurr1. In contrast, however, Nor1 is unable to promote RXR signaling due to its inability to form heterodimers with RXR. To begin to understand the physiological implications of these functional differences we used in situ hybridization to compare the distribution of Nor1, NGFI-B, and Nurr1 messenger RNAs during different developmental stages. The receptors are expressed in both distinct and overlapping patterns, predominantly in the central nervous system. Notably, Nurr1 is expressed in the prenatal ventral midbrain in a region that gives rise to dopaminergic neurons. Nor1 is also expressed during embryonic development, and all three receptors show a complex distribution in the postnatal brain. Furthermore, Nor1 colocalizes with NGFI-B in the adrenal glands and thymus, two tissues in which NGFI-B has been suggested to be functionally important. These data may indicate redundancy between members of the NGFI-B/Nurr1/Nor1 subfamily and could explain why no phenotypic disturbances have yet been found in mice in which the NGFI-B gene has been inactivated.
Performance of the Selfhealing Network protocol with random individual link failure times (2002)

The Selfhealing Network (SHN) is a parallel asynchronous distributed protocol which organizes the pool of spare links in a network into the pattern of k-shortest link disjoint paths between any two nodes of the network. A report is presented on the behavior of the SHN protocol when presented with a random series of individual fiber failures, as opposed to a 'guillotine' (i.e. simultaneous) model of a cable cut. The most significant results are: (a) verification of the protocol under complex failure stimuli, and (b) a finding of predeployment effects which reduce the elapsed outage time of most individual paths when failures occur in a time-distributed manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Provenance in Agent-Mediated Healthcare Systems (2006)

People are increasingly cooperating to share electronic information and techniques throughout various industries. In healthcare applications, data (a single patient's healthcare history), workflow (procedures carried out on that patient), and logs (a recording of meaningful procedural events) are often distributed among several heterogeneous and autonomous information systems. Understanding a patient's treatment history can help healthcare providers make treatment decisions. Provenance-aware applications can facilitate this process by tracing events, event dependencies, and provider decisions across various healthcare institutions
Two conserved serines in the nuclear localization signal flanking region are involved in the nuclear targeting of human lamin A. (1995)

The nuclear lamins are karyophilic proteins located at the nucleoplasmic surface of the inner nuclear membrane. We have constructed mutants immediately N-terminal to the nuclear localization signal of human lamin A to identify sites regulating the nuclear transport of the protein. Using an in vitro transport assay, we determined the short-term kinetics of nucleocytoplasmic transport of wild type and mutant proteins. The double mutation of two putative protein kinase C sites (serine 403/404-->alanine) reduced the rate of nuclear import for the mutant protein. Inhibition of phosphorylation in wild type lamin A by the specific protein kinase C inhibitors 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) and staurosporine or treatment with acid or alkaline phosphatase decreased the nuclear import of the protein. We suggest that transport of human lamin A into the nucleus is regulated by phosphorylations of protein kinase C sites in the sequence N-terminal to the nuclear localization signal.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5-Arylfuro(2,3-d)pyrimidines as Novel Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors. (1999)

A series of about fifty novel 5-arylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) arising from different species. Weak enzyme inhibition was observed for most of the compounds, with only a few reaching IC50 values less than 30 microM. With regards to antibacterial and anti-malarial potency, only seven compounds showed a modest in vitro activity against some bacteria strains and only three products proved significantly active against P. falciparum.
On the use of multi-tone for the measurement of noise power ratio distortion in RF circuits (2008)

This paper is aimed to propose a noise power ratio (NPR) measurement method with fewer tones than traditionally used. Accurate measurement of NPR distortion is achieved by averaging distortion power measured at the notch frequency excited by multi-tone signals with different random phases. Automatic measurement software is developed to perform all NPR measurement procedures. Measurement results show that the variance is below 0.4 dB after averaging 100 NPR distortions excited by 60-tone. Compared to the NPR measurement results obtained by a more-typical 10000-tone stimulus, the measurement error is 0.23 dB using only 60-tone signals with average.
Electric vehicle design, racing and distance to empty algorithms (2013)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.