gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible knockout of GRP78/BiP in the hematopoietic system suppresses Pten-null leukemogenesis and AKT oncogenic signaling (2011)

Traditionally, GRP78 is regarded as protective against hypoxia and nutrient starvation prevalent in the microenvironment of solid tumors; thus, its role in the development of hematologic malignancies remains to be determined. To directly elucidate the requirement of GRP78 in leukemogenesis, we created a biallelic conditional knockout mouse model of GRP78 and PTEN in the hematopoietic system. Strikingly, heterozygous knockdown of GRP78 in PTEN null mice is sufficient to restore the hematopoietic stem cell population back to the normal percentage and suppress leukemic blast cell expansion. AKT/mTOR activation in PTEN null BM cells is potently inhibited by Grp78 heterozygosity, corresponding with suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway by GRP78 knockdown in leukemia cell lines. This is the first demonstration that GRP78 is a critical effector of leukemia progression, at least in part through regulation of oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling. In agreement with PI3K/AKT as an effector for cytosine arabinoside resistance in acute myeloid leukemia, overexpression of GRP78 renders human leukemic cells more resistant to cytosine arabinoside-induced apoptosis, whereas knockdown of GRP78 sensitizes them. These, coupled with the emerging association of elevated GRP78 expression in leukemic blasts of adult patients and early relapse in childhood leukemia, suggest that GRP78 is a novel therapeutic target for leukemia.
2‐Aryl‐2‐[1‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)]‐1,3‐dithianes as Versatile Building Blocks for the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Drugs (1995)

Abstract An efficient access to chiral, non racemic arylbutanols 1a – c (ee>98%) as drug intermediates is described. Thioacetalization of substituted benzaldehydes 3a – c with 1,3‐propanedithiol gave 2‐aryl‐1,3‐dithianes 4a – c . Lithiation of 4a – c followed by reaction with racemic, (R)‐ or (S)‐propylene oxide, respectively, gave racemic, (R)‐ or (S)‐hydroxyalkyldithianes 5a – c in high yields. Subsequent desulfurization with tributyltin hydride (TBTH) resulted in almost quantitative formation of the arylbutanols 1a – c . Ketols 6 were obtained by hydrolysis of the hydroxyalkyldithianes 5a .
Analysis of Rare Earth Mixtures by Recording Spectrophotometer (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Rare Earth Mixtures by Recording SpectrophotometerD. C. Stewart and Dorothy. KatoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 2, 164–172Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60134a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60134a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constrained types for object-oriented languages (2008)

X10 is a modern object-oriented language designed for productivity and performance in concurrent and distributed systems. In this setting, dependent types offer significant opportunities for detecting design errors statically, documenting design decisions, eliminating costly run-time checks (e.g., for array bounds, null values), and improving the quality of generated code.
Betahistine-induced vascular effects in the rat cochlea. (1993)

Betahistine (BH) has been used widely to treat cochlear disorders, such as tinnitus and Meniere's disease. The mechanism of action of BH in the cochlea is assumed to be based on its histamine-like effect on H1 receptors in the cochlear vasculature, leading to an increased cochlear blood flow (CBF). Recently it has been shown that BH can strongly affect H3 heteroreceptors (a novel histamine receptor subclass) in the periphery, via an autonomic ligand. This mechanism may also contribute to the BH effects on CBF. This study was to validate BH effects in the cochlear vasculature and to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of this drug in the inner ear vasculature. We assessed the effects of BH on CBF with the laser Doppler flowmeter in 23 rats and concluded that BH affects vascular conductivity in the cochlea in a dose-dependent fashion; betahistine diffuses through the round window, but does not have access to vascular receptors or ligands once in the labyrinthine fluids; and the H1 receptors mediate the systemic and peripheral vascular effects of BH, whereas the cochlear effect involves cholinergic receptors.
Increasing Cropping System Diversity Balances Productivity, Profitability and Environmental Health (2012)

Balancing productivity, profitability, and environmental health is a key challenge for agricultural sustainability. Most crop production systems in the United States are characterized by low species and management diversity, high use of fossil energy and agrichemicals, and large negative impacts on the environment. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification would promote ecosystem services that would supplement, and eventually displace, synthetic external inputs used to maintain crop productivity. To test this, we conducted a field study from 2003-2011 in Iowa that included three contrasting systems varying in length of crop sequence and inputs. We compared a conventionally managed 2-yr rotation (maize-soybean) that received fertilizers and herbicides at rates comparable to those used on nearby farms with two more diverse cropping systems: a 3-yr rotation (maize-soybean-small grain + red clover) and a 4-yr rotation (maize-soybean-small grain + alfalfa-alfalfa) managed with lower synthetic N fertilizer and herbicide inputs and periodic applications of cattle manure. Grain yields, mass of harvested products, and profit in the more diverse systems were similar to, or greater than, those in the conventional system, despite reductions of agrichemical inputs. Weeds were suppressed effectively in all systems, but freshwater toxicity of the more diverse systems was two orders of magnitude lower than in the conventional system. Results of our study indicate that more diverse cropping systems can use small amounts of synthetic agrichemical inputs as powerful tools with which to tune, rather than drive, agroecosystem performance, while meeting or exceeding the performance of less diverse systems.
Development of motion data description language for robots based on eXtensible Markup Language - realization of better understanding and communication via networks (2003)

To realize the ubiquitous robot and software avatar society in the near future, the concept of the MotionMedia contents sharing platform is proposed. MotionMedia is defined as a physical communication medium, that includes the actual motion of robots or physical end-effectors, as the fifth medium following audio, text, image, and video. MotionMedia should be valuable to realize better understanding and communication between humans via broadband networks through the support of advanced communication media. To share MotionMedia contents, especially motion data, a motion data modeling and formulation system for human-type robots based on eXtensible Markup Language (MotionXML) is developed. MotionXML leads to specifications to convey and reproduce robot motion via networks. It allows the same set of motion data to be shared by robots that have different structures and control interfaces. An application program interface (MotionAPI) as a common access interface for MotionXML is also developed. It allows application developers to handle MotionXML easily and to develop applications more rapidly.
Simple General-Model Pseudopotential (1972)

We propose a simple general-model pseudopotential, which is in good agreement with the real potential of metal ions, especially in the range q<~2kF.Received 25 April 1972DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.105©1972 American Physical Society
Speeding up the Xbox recommender system using a euclidean transformation for inner-product spaces (2014)

A prominent approach in collaborative filtering based recommender systems is using dimensionality reduction (matrix factorization) techniques to map users and items into low-dimensional vectors. In such systems, a higher inner product between a user vector and an item vector indicates that the item better suits the user's preference. Traditionally, retrieving the most suitable items is done by scoring and sorting all items. Real world online recommender systems must adhere to strict response-time constraints, so when the number of items is large, scoring all items is intractable.
GeoRoute: an interactive graphics system for routeing and scheduling over street networks (2003)

The system components, computer configuration, and databases of a multi-purpose graphical tool for applications requiring a network representation of streets in urban and rural areas are described. The underlying data structure is adapted to routeing and scheduling problems for various types of delivery and public works vehicles requiring information about street-to-street connectivity, one-way streets, street types, and illegal turns at intersections. GeoRoute includes the functions required to keep the geographical database up-to-date, locate items on the street network, automatically and/or interactively generate optimized vehicle routes, and produce color maps using standard plotting devices. The street database is stored using an original street segment coding scheme; links are exploded when required for maps or displays. This structure allows large urban networks to be treated globally on standard personal computers running MS-DOS. GeoRoute is being used in a variety of situations, including trip planning for transit customers (based on both planned and real-time schedules), route optimization for armored cars, milk pick-up in rural areas, and public works planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive oxygen species as mediators of organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or hemorrhagic shock: potential benefits of resuscitation with Ringerʼs ethyl pyruvate solution (2002)

Reactive oxygen species are reactive, partly reduced derivatives of molecular oxygen. Important reactive oxygen species in biological systems include superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Peroxynitrite, is another important species in biological systems. A variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes can generate reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells. An extensive body of experimental evidence from studies using animal models supports the view that reactive oxygen species are important in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion syndromes, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This view is further supported by data from clinical studies that correlate biochemical evidence of reactive oxygen species-mediated stress with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis in patients. Ethyl pyruvate, a simple derivative of pyruvic acid, has been shown to be efficacious in several animal models of critical illness, and warrants further evaluation in this regard.
Comparing gesture recognition accuracy using color and depth information (2011)

In human-computer interaction applications, gesture recognition has the potential to provide a natural way of communication between humans and machines. The technology is becoming mature enough to be widely available to the public and real-world computer vision applications start to emerge. A typical example of this trend is the gaming industry and the launch of Microsoft's new camera: the Kinect. Other domains, where gesture recognition is needed, include but are not limited to: sign language recognition, virtual reality environments and smart homes. A key challenge for such real-world applications is that they need to operate in complex scenes with cluttered backgrounds, various moving objects and possibly challenging illumination conditions. In this paper we propose a method that accommodates such challenging conditions by detecting the hands using scene depth information from the Kinect. On top of our detector we employ a dynamic programming method for recognizing gestures, namely Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Our method is translation and scale invariant which is a desirable property for many HCI systems. We have tested the performance of our approach on a digits recognition system. All experimental datasets include hand signed digits gestures but our framework can be generalized to recognize a wider range of gestures.
Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism (2019)

The human gut is inhabited by a complex and metabolically active microbial ecosystem. While many studies focused on the effect of individual microbial taxa on human health, their overall metabolic potential has been under-explored. Using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data in 1,004 twins, we first observed that unrelated subjects share, on average, almost double the number of metabolic pathways (82%) than species (43%). Then, using 673 blood and 713 faecal metabolites, we found metabolic pathways to be associated with 34% of blood and 95% of faecal metabolites, with over 18,000 significant associations, while species showed less than 3,000 associations. Finally, we estimated that the microbiome was involved in a dialogue between 71% of faecal, and 15% of blood, metabolites. This study underlines the importance of studying the microbial metabolic potential rather than focusing purely on taxonomy to find therapeutic and diagnostic targets, and provides a unique resource describing the interplay between the microbiome and the systemic and faecal metabolic environments.
Polymerisation von Propen und Buten mit einem chiralen Zirconocen und Methylaluminoxan als Cokatalysator (1985)

Ein neuer, löslicher Ziegler‐Natta‐Katalysator ermöglicht die Herstellung von isotaktischem Polypropylen, das einen höheren Isotaktizitätsgard aufweist als Polymere, die technisch mit Heterogenkatalysatoren produziert werden. Ferner kann damit isotaktisches Polybuten erhalten werden. Zur Katalyse werden das chirale, starre Zirconocen‐Derivat 1 und Methylaluminoxan 2 verwendet. Die Polymerisationsaktivität ist bemerkenswert hoch. magnified image
Making databases secure with TRUDATA technology (2003)

Trusted database (TRUDATA) technology injects multilevel security (MLS) policy enforcement features and assurances into existing relational database management system (DBMS) products. TRUDATA technology consists of a data model, a security policy model, system architecture, and implementation approach which, together, define a trusted MLS DBMS. The result of applying TRUDATA technology to existing baseline products with suitable characteristics is a trusted DBMS targeted at the B1 and B2 evaluation classes of DOD5200.28-STD as interpreted for DBMSs. By combining a view-based security model and by altering slightly the relational DBMS products without abandoning existing applications investments, the first implementation substantiates the protection and performance capabilities of TRUDATA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quality of Service: A Survey of Patient Satisfaction from a Self-paid Physical Examination Program (2014)

Background: Understanding the needs and satisfaction of participants can improve the quality of service of a physical examination program. Methods: This study recruited participants from a self-paid physical checkup program at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Data on the quality of service, needs, and satisfaction of participants were collected from the participants through both interviews and questionnaires. Results: For the 2001 and 2011 surveys, participants recruited for the study were satisfied with the program [759 (89.9%) and 785 (90.1%), respectively]. Most examinations were regarded as necessary, particularly those for gastroenteroscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal echonography for cancer screening. However, dental and physical examinations and HIV screening were regarded as the least important. Participants wished for bone density testing, breast imaging, and echonography to be included in the program. In addition, participants wanted to receive their health reports earlier. Reasons for participation in the program were aging, feelings of poor health, and requests by family members. Participants agreed that physicians and consultants were competent (94% and 89%), and that their privacy was good (92%); more than half did not consider to be re-examined by other health institute. Participants also agreed that history taking (92%), health consultation (98%), and scheduling of return visits (93%) were necessary. There was a high association (97%) between the participants' satisfaction and their willingness to return for the next physical examination. Conclusions: Satisfaction with the quality of service of a physical examination program would bring the return and recommendation to the program.
Phospholipid Bilayers as Biomembrane-like Barriers in Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Films (2007)

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer was created on the surface of an exponentially growing poly(glutamic acid)/poly(lysine) (PGA/PLL) layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte film. The lipid bilayer decreased the surface roughness of the polyelectrolyte film. The layer-by-layer construction of the polyelectrolyte film could be continued on the top of the DPPC layer. The lipid bilayer, however, formed a barrier in the interior of the polyelectrolyte film, which blocked the diffusion (a prerequisite for exponential growth) of the polyelectrolytes. Thus, a new growth regime started in the upper part of the polyelectrolyte film, which was added to embed the DPPC bilayer. The structure and the dynamics of the DPPC bilayer on the polyelectrolyte film surface remained similar to that of its hydrated multibilayers, except that the phase transition became wider. In the case of embedded DPPC bilayers, in addition, the phase-transition temperature also decreased. This is the result of interactions with the nonconcerted movements of the barrier-separated lower and higher parts of the polyelectrolyte film. Gramicidin A (GRA) as a model of lipid-soluble peptides and proteins was successfully incorporated into such DPPC films. The DPPC films, either with or without GRA, were remarkably stable; as many heating-cooling cycles to measure phase transition could be carried out without visible alterations as wanted.
Axial Mixing of Liquid in Packed Bubble Columns and Perforated Plate Columns of Large Diameter (1978)

In many cases bubble columns are used for gas-liquid-reactions. Their construction is very simple, but it is difficult to precalculate their optimal design. The simplist form of a bubble column is a vertical tube in which a gas distributor is placed at the bottom; packed or plate bubble columns are also used. The gas bubbles rise through the liquid phase, which may flow through the column either cocurrent or countercurrent to the gas. As a result of the short residence time of the gas bubbles in the liquid phase, bubble column reactors are preferred for reactions which require a short gas and a long liquid reaction time. Therefore the residence time distribution of the liquid phase is a characteristic factor for the design of the reactor. The dependence of the residence time distribution upon the column diameter has to be known for any scale-up of bubble columns. The residence time
Entropy-based receiver for detection of random signals (2003)

An entropy-based statistic is derived for detecting correlated signals in additive white noise. The basic idea behind the approach is that under a constant-energy constraint, the entropy of a received process attains its maximum when the process is white and drops when it becomes correlated. When no signal is present, the test statistic is asymptotically distributed as a central chi-square, which can be used to determine the threshold for a constant false-alarm rate. Computer results are present to demonstrate the receiver performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Limitation of Optical Enhancement in Ultra-thin Solar Cells Imposed by Contact Selectivity (2018)

Ultra-thin crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell suffers both from poor light absorption and minority carrier recombination at the contacts resulting in low contact selectivity. Yet most of the research focuses on improving the light absorption by introducing novel light trapping technique. Our work shows that for ultra-thin absorber, the benefit of optical enhancement is limited by low contact selectivity. Using simulation we observe that performance enhancement from light trapping starts to saturate as the absorber scales down because of the increase in probability of the photo-generated carriers to recombine at the metal contact. Therefore, improving the carrier selectivity of the contacts, which reduces the recombination at contacts, is important to improve the performance of the solar cell beyond what is possible by enhancing light absorption only. The impact of improving contact selectivity increases as the absorber thickness scales below 20 micrometer (μm). Light trapping provides better light management and improving contact selectivity provides better photo-generated carrier management. When better light management increases the number of photo-generated carriers, better carrier management is a useful optimization knob to achieve the efficiency close to the thermodynamic limit. Our work explores a design trade-off in detail which is often overlooked by the research community.