gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmural myocardial deformation in the ischemic canine left ventricle. (1991)

The myocardium is a complex three-dimensional structure consisting of myocytes interconnected by a dense collagen weave that courses in different directions. Regional ischemia can be expected to produce complex changes in ventricular deformation. In the present study, we examined the effects of ischemia on two- and three-dimensional finite strains during acute transmural myocardial ischemia in 13 open-chest anesthetized dogs. In contrast to systolic deformation observed during the control period in which circumferential shortening exceeded longitudinal shortening, our results indicate that after 5 minutes of acute ischemia, end-systolic in-plane lengthening across the left ventricular wall occurs in approximately equal amounts in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. Along with these changes in extensional strains, there were significant negative transverse shearing deformations during ischemia. Myocardial ischemia also resulted in a loss of the normal end-systolic transmural gradients of shortening and thickening. Three-dimensional end-diastolic strains indicate that the left ventricular wall undergoes a significant passive reconfiguration that varies transmurally with lengthening in the epicardial tangent plane and wall thinning increasing from the epicardium toward the endocardium. The large systolic changes in shearing deformations with ischemia could potentially influence collateral blood flow and certainly indicate that uniaxial measurements of deformation in the ischemic myocardium, which do not account for shearing deformation, are incomplete and must be interpreted with caution. Moreover, normal transmural systolic gradients in deformation, which would be anticipated on geometric grounds, are lost during ischemia, implying that the material properties of ischemic tissue or the loading conditions imposed on the ischemic region by partially impaired adjacent myocardium vary transmurally.
CEA levels in patients with colorectal polyps (1975)

Abstract Preoperative plasma CEA levels were measured in 93 selected patients with histologically defined colorectal adenomata removed at fibroptic colonoscopy in order to determine whether CEA levels are elevated in patients with colonic polyps, or vary with different histologic patterns. None of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease, previous history of carcinoma, or evidence of liver disease. Fifteen percent of the patients had elevated CEA levels (≥2.5 ng/ml; Hansen method), and two‐thirds of these were between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml. Increased association of elevated CEA levels was noted with old age, villous adenomas (2‐to 4‐fold), and increased tumor size ((2.3‐cm diameter; 2‐fold), but not with foci of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ as such. One‐half (7/14) of the patients with elevated CEA levels showed the following: two patients had villous tumors with carcinoma in situ, one had a villous adenoma, two had mixed villous and tubular adenomas (with a high proportion of villous pattern), and two were subsequently shown to have carcinoma elsewhere in the colon. It is uncertain that the polyps were the source of the elevated circulating CEA levels; other factors including smoking and patient selection need to be considered. This preliminary study suggests that patients with colorectal adenomata and elevated circulating CEA may be at higher risk for the development of carcinoma. Further follow‐up studies of the malignant potential of the polyp‐bearing colon are essential.
A background comparator calibration technique for flash analog-to-digital converters (2005)

This paper presents a background calibration technique for trimming the input-referred offsets of the comparators in a flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without interrupting the ADC's normal operation. For a random-chopping comparator, the polarity of its offset is detected by observing the code density of its comparison results. Binary feedback is then used to digitally adjust the comparator's offset so that the offset is minimized. All calibration procedures are performed in the digital domain. The calibration performance is characterized by the converging speed of the feedback loop and the offset fluctuation due to the disturbance of the ADC's input. These two performance indexes of a background-calibrated comparator (BCC) are determined by three parameters: the probabilistic distribution of the ADC's input, the BCC's offset quantized step size, and the threshold of an internal bilateral peak detector. The offset fluctuation of a BCC can be drastically reduced by employing a windowing mechanism. The use of windowed BCCs in a flash ADC can introduce nonmonotonic-threshold (NMT) effects which include an increase in calibration settling time and an increase in /spl sigma/(V/sub OS/). The use of uncorrelated random chopping for neighboring BCCs can ensure the validity of offset detection and mitigate the NMT effects.
Wax: A benign hydrogen-storage material that rapidly releases H2-rich gases through microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition (2016)

Hydrogen is often described as the fuel of the future, especially for application in hydrogen powered fuel-cell vehicles (HFCV's). However, its widespread implementation in this role has been thwarted by the lack of a lightweight, safe, on-board hydrogen storage material. Here we show that benign, readily-available hydrocarbon wax is capable of rapidly releasing large amounts of hydrogen through microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition. This discovery offers a new material and system for safe and efficient hydrogen storage and could facilitate its application in a HFCV. Importantly, hydrogen storage materials made of wax can be manufactured through completely sustainable processes utilizing biomass or other renewable feedstocks.
ErbB family receptor inhibitors as therapeutic agents in breast cancer: Current status and future clinical perspective (2010)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cause of female cancer-related deaths, with more than one million new cases diagnosed per year throughout the world. With the recent advances in the knowledge of cellular processes and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the current focus of researchers and clinicians is to develop novel treatment strategies that can be included in the armamentarium against breast cancer. With the failure of endocrine-targeted therapy and the development of resistance to existing chemotherapy, the most explored pathway as next generation target for breast cancer therapy has been the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (ErbB-1)/herceptin-2 (HER-2) (ErbB-2) pathway. This review focuses on the rationale for targeting members of ErbB receptor family and numerous agents that are in use for inhibiting the pathway. The mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical trial data of the agents that are in use for targeting the EGFR/HER-2 pathway and the current status, thereof, have been discussed in detail. In addition, the future clinical trial promises these agents hold either as monotherapy or as combination therapy with conventional agents or with other antisignaling agents have been pondered, so as to provide better and more efficacious treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope Using Surface Acoustic Waves and Digital Image Processing (1984)

The operation of a scanning laser acoustic microscope which utilizes surface a coustic waves (currently a t 100 MHz) is described. The microscope has the capability to digitize both the acoustic i nformation and optical image and store them to disk for subsequent image processing. The image processing algorithms which take the acoustic displacement at the surface of the sample as input and invert the. wave equation to produce an acoustic image of either the wave number or velocity versus position is described. Test features (phantoms) composed of thin metal film structures of varying lateral dimensions and thickness have been fabricated on YZ lithium niobate SAW delay lines. These test samples have been used in the microscope and acoustic images of the known features have been acquired by the system.
Hemodynamic and Endocrine Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of Nifedipine (1989)

Although it is well known that calcium channel blockers can influence contraction of vascular smooth muscle, there is less knowledge on its effect on excitation contraction coupling in the endocrine glands and more specifically on insulin and glucagon release. In this study, nifedipine was administered in doses of 40 to 80 mg/day to 14 patients with essential hypertension, and its hemodynamic effects were evaluated by non‐invasive methods, and its effect on glucose metabolism by an arginine infusion test. Nifedipine produced a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, both after the first dose (30/12 mm Hg) and after 8 weeks of administration (19/12 mm Hg). There were no significant changes in cardiac output (5.1 to 4.9 L/min), muscle (2.4 to 3.2 mL/sec/min) or cutaneous basal flow (9.8 to 8.6 mL/100 mL) as measured non‐invasively by echocardiogram and by plethysmography. Insulin and glucagon release were evaluated by the arginine infusion test. Nifedipine produced a tendency towards an increase in glucagon release and a reduction in insulin release although these changes did not reach statistical significance. In this group of patients, nifedipine produced a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure, but no significant changes in insulin or glucagon plasma levels.
DART mass spectrometry and its applications in chemical analysis (2011)

Published data on the fundamental and applied aspects of DART mass spectrometry are surveyed. The DART ionization principles and the key parameters affecting the analytical characteristics of the method and the mass spectra of the determined compounds are considered. The advantages and drawbacks of DART mass spectrometry are discussed and the existing and prospective applications are outlined.
Interactive point-of-interest volume rendering visualization of PET-CT data (2008)

Due to the rapid advances in dual-modality PET-CT scanners, the access to and assimilation of critical information within these data are becoming extremely difficult with conventional 2D and even with sophisticated 3D visualization. In this study, we propose an integration of maximum intensity projection (MIP) and direct volume rendering (DVR) algorithms to provide a comprehensive solution for PET-CT visualization. In this process, interactive selection of a point-of-interest (POI) from fused-MIP of PET-CT is used to automate the image enhancements, such as transfer function generation, for subsequent DVR visualization used in further image diagnosis. Such automation can significantly ease the required manual image enhancements/manipulation that must be performed during image visualization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed volume rendering visualization scheme with its application to clinical PET-CT tumor studies.
Remedial Action Schemes Derived from Dynamic Security Assessment (2012)

Electric power is becoming more and more important in the modern world. Since most electric power utilizations should be supplied by the power transmission and distribution system, the security of power system is paid more and more heed to nowadays. All over the world, there are some trends to introduce the deregulated power system into the power system operation, and to increase the stability of electric power supply. As a result, making accurate predictions for the power system operating conditions is an important task for the current power system research. The research mainly interests in checking if the operating conditions are acceptable after contingencies. Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA) is proposed and studied under such context. One tool to implement the DSA is to create the Stability Indices (SI) system. The SI system is used to indicate the operating conditions for the power system. This master thesis project aims to develop the appropriate Remedial Actions Scheme (RAS) by using the SI system. The RAS is used against different instabilities. Firstly, all indices of the SI system are summarized. The summarization is based on theoretical study on to-date DSA researches. The indices of the SI system are able to predict power system operating conditions. They are also able to release the stress of DSA computing, and to reduce misclassification and failed-alarm. The SI system is computed by quantities of state variables from the components of the power system. Secondly, the functionalities of different remedial actions are clarified. Then, those remedial actions are used to develop the RAS. The RAS is developed according to the evaluation by the SI system. Using the SI system, different remedial actions are tested and evaluated. The results of evaluation are used to develop and categorize different RASs against different instabilities. After that, the RASs are analyzed, and qualities of RASs are ranked by the SI. In this way, more suitable RAS against each type of instability is developed. The results show the process of analysis is both fast and accurate. All analysis and evaluations are implemented by simulation software of PSS TMNETOMAC. The thesis has been implemented between cooperation of Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden and Energy Sector of Siemens AG in Germany.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties and Biological Activity of 3‐Pyridylamides of 4‐ Aryl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenoic (Aroylpyruvic) Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Changes of biomechanical properties of soft tissues in underwater corpse for postmortem interval estimation]. (2012)

The time-sequential changes of biomechanical property parameters of soft tissue in underwater corpses are significantly correlated with PMI and it could be a simple and quantitive new technology for estimating PMI. The specific heat capacity of the heat-eliminating medium around the corpses probably is one of the physical factors to influence algor mortis, autolysis, putrefaction and biomechanics properties.
The location of acid invertase activity and sucrose in the vacuoles of storage roots of beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>) (1979)

Vacuoles were isolated from freshly cut slices of the storage roots of beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and from slices that had been washed in aerated water for 1-3 days. The unique vacuolar location of betanin permitted the use of a correlative method to determine whether sucrose and acid invertase were located in the vacuoles. The specific content (the activity of the enzyme or amount of substrate per mg of protein) and the percentage recoveries for betanin, sucrose and acid invertase were determined for the different fractions obtained during the isolation of the vacuoles. For each fraction the specific content of betanin was plotted against those of sucrose and acid invertase. Similar correlative plots were drawn for the percentage recoveries. For both specific contents and percentage recoveries for correlation coefficients for sucrose and for acid invertase versus betanin were close to unity, and the lines passed near the origins. It is concluded that, in beetroot, most of the sucrose and much of the acid invertase are in the vacuoles. Measurements of vacuolar sucrose and acid invertase in beetroot slices washed for 1-3 days demonstrated an inverse relationship between sucrose content and acid invertase activity.
Tissue Distribution of the Death Ligand TRAIL and Its Receptors (2004)

Recombinant human (rh) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) harbors potential as an anticancer agent. RhTRAIL induces apoptosis via the TRAIL receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 in tumors and is non-toxic to nonhuman primates. Because limited data are available about TRAIL receptor distribution, we performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the expression of TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, the anti-apoptotic TRAIL receptor TRAIL-R3, and TRAIL in normal human and chimpanzee tissues. In humans, hepatocytes stained positive for TRAIL and TRAIL receptors and bile duct epithelium for TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R3. In brains, neurons expressed TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3 but no TRAIL. In kidneys, TRAIL-R3 was negative, tubuli contorti expressed TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, and TRAIL, and cells in Henle's loop expressed only TRAIL-R2. Heart myocytes showed positivity for all proteins studied. In colon, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, and TRAIL were present. Germ and Leydig cells were positive for all proteins studied. Endothelium in liver, heart, kidney, and testis lacked TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. In alveolar septa and bronchial epithelium TRAIL-R2 was expressed, brain vascular endothelium expressed TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R3, and in heart vascular endothelium only TRAIL-R3 was present. Only a few differences were observed between human and chimpanzee liver, brain, and kidney. In contrast to human, chimpanzee bile duct epithelium lacked TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R3, lung and colon showed no TRAIL or its receptors, TRAIL-R3 was absent in germ and Leydig cells, and vascular endothelium showed only TRAIL-R2 expression in the brain. In conclusion, comparable expression of TRAIL and TRAIL receptors was observed in human and chimpanzee tissues. Lack of liver toxicity in chimpanzees after rhTRAIL administration despite TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 expression is reassuring for rhTRAIL application in humans.
Serum Albumin Supplemented Medium for Long Term Cultivation of Mammalian Fibroblast Strains. (1964)

SummarySerially transferred hamster or human fibroblasts maintained on synthetic medium containing 10% calf serum could be carried through about 10 and about 50-70 cell generations respectively, before growth ceased. Addition of crystallized serum albumin to the medium to a concentration of 20 mg/ ml affected the growth potential so that in both cases over 100 cell generations could be obtained. The human fibroblasts after 95 cell generations showed no chromosomal abnormalities while in the hamster fibroblasts some deviation from the diploid number did occur. In neither case was there evidence of the evolution of improved growth properties that characterize established cell lines.
The A Priori in Contemporary Thought (1941)

The belief in the old type of a priori knowledge is gone. Cartesian innate ideas vanished with the severe criticism of Kant who held that only the form, not the content, of experience is known a priori. More recent criticism of Kant's a priori has taken place indirectly by way of the development of non-Euclidian geometries so that today there is no longer the belief that either the content or the form of experience is fixed and changeless or known with certainty a priori. But has the a priori phase of experience passed altogether? If not, what in recent thought has taken its place?
On the Portability of Applications in Platform as a Service (2019)

In recent years, the cloud hype has led to a multitude of different providers and offerings across the entire cloud market, from Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to Platform as a Service (PaaS) to Software as a Service (SaaS). Despite the high popularity, there are still a number of problems and deficiencies. In particular with PaaS, the advertised portability between different clouds is hampered by a heterogeneous, difficult to compare provider landscape, technological differences between providers, and the lack of common standards. Therefore, the selection of a suitable provider and a potential change between different providers may involve substantial (migration) costs. Thus, the thesis deals with the analysis and improvement of application portability in PaaS environments. In the course of this, obstacles over the typical life cycle of an application – from the selection of a suitable cloud provider, through the deployment of the application, to the operation of the application – are considered. As foundation for further investigations, an improved delimitation and conceptualization of PaaS through a categorization, the definition of a reference model, and the establishment of a knowledge database is presented. As it turns out, in particular the heterogeneous provider landscape in this area is an obstacle for the assessment and feasibility of application portability. To solve this problem, the thesis presents a decision support system for the selection and comparison of suitable cloud platforms. Based on the PaaS model, a heuristic is proposed which can identify potential partners by matching the technological software ecosystem of the providers with the requirements of an application or a user. With the help of this system, it is possible for a user to identify offerings that enable application portability. To validate the approach, a case study with a real-world application is conducted that is migrated to different cloud platforms. In this context, we also develop a suitable assessment framework for measuring migration efforts, which allows making the differences between compatible providers quantifiable. The application management interface of the providers is identified as a central effort factor of the migration. Despite the semantically identical use cases, different interfaces are used by the providers for the management of the application’s life cycle. Finally, to reduce the effort in this area, the thesis presents a unified interface for application deployment and management. In summary, the work provides evidence of application portability problems in PaaS environments and presents a framework for early detection and avoidance. In addition, the results of the work contribute to a reduction of lock-in effects by proposing a suitable standard for management interfaces.
THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PERFLUOROAZOETHANE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (1966)

not available
Color Correction Using a Still Camera for Images Projected onto a Light Colored Screen (2011)

Recently, projectors have become among the most common display devices not only for presentations at offices and in classes, but also for entertainment at home and in the theater. The use of mobile projectors expands applications to meetings in the field and presentation anywhere. Accordingly, projection is not always guaranteed to occur on a white screen, thereby introducing the possibility of some color distortion. In this article a general color correction method using a still camera as a convenient measuring device is proposed in order to match the colors between projections on white and light colored screens. The color correction is implemented using the proposed matrix which converts the input color to the resulting color appropriate for the colored screen. The proposed color correction matrix is estimated by linear regression using input digital values measured on the white and colored screens, thereby producing the same color on both the white and light colored screens. In addition, the calibration image contains information for nine steps in each color channel, enabling accurate construction of the transform matrix. In experimental results, the proposed method gives better color correction for both the objective and subjective evaluations than does a representative previous method.