gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Degradation of Aminosilica Adsorbents Relevant to Postcombustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2011)

Coal-fired power plant flue gas exhaust typically contains 3–10% oxygen. While it is known that the monoethanolamine (MEA) oxidative degradation rate is a critical parameter affecting liquid amine absorption processes, the effect of oxygen on the stability of solid amine adsorbents remains unexplored. Here, oxidative degradation of aminosilica materials is studied under accelerated oxidizing conditions to assess the stability of different supported amine structures to oxidizing conditions. Adsorbents constructed using four different silane coupling agents are evaluated, three with a single primary, secondary, or tertiary amine at the end of a propyl surface linker, with the fourth having one secondary propylamine separated from a primary amine by an ethyl linker. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, it was found that both amine type and proximity had a significant effect on oxidative degradation rates. In particular, the supported primary and tertiary amines proved to be stable to the oxidizing conditions used, whereas the secondary amines degraded at elevated treatment temperatures. Because secondary amines are important components of many supported amine adsorbents, it is suggested that the oxidative stability of such species needs to be carefully considered in assessments of postcombustion CO2 capture processes based on supported amines.
Chymase in exocytosed rat mast cell granules effectively proteolyzes apolipoprotein AI-containing lipoproteins, so reducing the cholesterol efflux-inducing ability of serum and aortic intimal fluid. (1996)

Degranulated mast cells are present in human fatty streaks. Chymase in granules released from degranulated rat serosal mast cells, i.e., in granule remnants, proteolyzes human high density lipoprotein3 (HDL3), and so reduces its ability to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells in vitro. In this study we found that remnant chymase, by proteolyzing human serum and human aortic intimal fluid, prevents these two physiologic fluids from effectively inducing cholesterol efflux from cultured macrophage foam cells. Inhibition was strongest when remnants were added to apolipoprotein AI (apoAI)-containing lipoproteins; the remnants had no effect on the weaker efflux produced by apoAI-deficient serum. Western blot analysis showed that granule remnants degrade apoAI in serum and in internal fluid. When released from remnants, chymase lost its ability to proteolyze HDL3 in the presence of serum. Thus, remnant chymase (but not isolated chymase) was able to resist the natural protease inhibitors present in serum and in intimal fluid. The results imply participation of exocytosed mast cell granules in foam cell formation in atherogenesis.
Toxicity, mutagenicity and transport in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>of three popular DNA intercalating fluorescent dyes (2015)

We have compared the toxicity, mutagenicity and transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of three DNA-intercalating fluorescent dyes widely used to stain DNA in gels. Safety data about ethidium bromide (EtBr) are contradictory, and two compounds of undisclosed structure (Redsafe and Gelred) have been proposed as safe alternatives. Our results indicate that all three compounds inhibit yeast growth, with Gelred being the most inhibitory and also the only one causing cell death. EtBr and Gelred, but not Redsafe, induce massive formation of petite (non-respiratory) mutants, but only EtBr induces massive loss of mitochondrial DNA. All three compounds increase reversion of a chromosomal point mutation (lys2-801(amber) ), with Gelred being the most mutagenic and Redsafe the least. These dyes are all cationic and are probably taken by cells through non-selective cation channels. We could measure the glucose-energized transport of EtBr and Gelred inside the cells, while uptake of Redsafe was below our detection limit. We conclude that although all three compounds are toxic and mutagenic in the yeast system, Redsafe is the safest for yeast, probably because of very limited uptake by these cells.
Cross-talk between signaling pathways leading to defense against pathogens and insects. (2008)

In nature, plants interact with a wide range of organisms, some of which\nare harmful (e.g. pathogens, herbivorous insects), while others are beneficial\n(e.g. growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and predatory\nenemies of herbivores). During the evolutionary arms race between plants\nand their attackers, primary and secondary immune responses evolved to\nrecognize common or highly specialized features of microbial pathogens\n(Chisholm et al., 2006), resulting in sophisticated mechanisms of defense.
A Multimedia Tool to Develop Learner Autonomy (2001)

Abstract In our paper we present a multimedia tool which is based on our assumption that computers are much better suited in language learning to act in an organising and structuring capacity rather than to take up a role as a learning machine. READERS was developed jointly by a team of researchers from the universities of Essen and Wuppertal headed by Bernd Rüschoff (the editor of the present volume) and Dieter Wolff. It is a multimedia programme designed to help university students—not necessarily language students—with the difficult business of understanding texts in a foreign language. In the paper we will first describe the project in more general terms embedding it into the underlying learning psychological and pedagogic concepts. We will then look at the software in more detail, starting out from its structure and then dealing with the different modules which comprise the tool. The paper ends with a short technical description; we also discuss the problems which we have encountered until now.
An autonomous approach to the mountain-clustering method (2002)

This paper presents an autonomous approach to the clustering algorithm based on a mountain function proposed by Yager and Filev (1994). It intends to answer the parameter selection problem and attenuate the effects of the granularity of the griding in algorithm's performance using a cluster reallocation procedure. The solving of those problems has greatly enhanced the possibility of achieving an autonomous mountain-clustering process. The proposed clustering approach is explained in detail and examples of its performance are analyzed.
Glass integrated optics circuit for 148/155- and 130/155-μm-wavelength division multiplexing and 1/8 splitting (1994)

We demonstrate the integration, in a single glass substrate, of a 1.48/1.55-µm-wavelength multiplexer and a 1.30/1.55-µm-wavelength multiplexer followed by a 1/8 splitter by using potassium- and silver-double-ion-exchange processes. The wavelength multiplexers are based on nonsymmetric three-port Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and symmetrical Y junctions are used for achromatic splitting. The facet-to-facet excess loss in both the 1.48/1.55-µm multiplexer and in the integrated 1.30/1.55-µ m multiplexer and 1/8 splitter is less than 2.7 dB. The device can be used, in connection with an erbium-doped fiber, in future wavelength division multiplexing subscriber networks in which amplification is needed in the 1.55-µm-wavelength region.
11p13-15 is a specific region of chromosomal rearrangement in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas. (1990)

In a cytogenetic analysis of 9 gastric and lower esophageal adenocarcinomas, we detected nonrandom rearrangements involving the region 11p13-15 in 8, thus identifying for the first time a specific chromosomal lesion in these tumors. In addition, rearrangements involving 3p21, translocations among the D group chromosomes, and i(5p) were each observed in more than half of the cases. The overall pattern of aberrations encountered in adenocarcinomas of gastric and lower esophageal origin was similar, suggesting that the tumors arising at these anatomical sites are biologically related. We also encountered cytogenetic evidence for gene amplification in the form of homogeneously staining regions and double-minute chromosomes in primary as well as metastatic lesions, which is consistent with amplification of a number of cellular oncogenes in these tumors detected by others and us at the molecular level. These cytogenetic findings are discussed in relation to nonrandom chromosome abnormalities and gene amplification reported in other types of adenocarcinoma.
HIGH-ORDER TRANSVERSE CAVITY MODES IN HETEROJUNCTION DIODE LASERS (1970)

A refined theoretical model predicts the modal content in the plane perpendicular to the junction for heterojunction injection lasers. It gives good agreement with observed far-field patterns. Because high-order modes are favored, lasers with a wide optical cavity sandwiched between two heterojunctions have a beam width at least double that of single-heterojunction lasers. In a thin cavity which supports but one mode, the increased confinement of the double heterojunction broadens the beam to about 40° at half-power.
Immunohistochemistry of neurone specific enolase with gamma subunit specific anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies. (1993)

The use of synthetic peptides from defined regions of a molecule as immunogenes provides antibodies of high specificity. These monoclonal antibodies to NSE are ideally suited for immunohistochemical studies and they should be particularly useful in histopathology as they react with epitopes which are resistant to formalin fixation and wax embedding.
The Effect of Fibrin Clots and Clot-Bound Thrombin on the Development of Platelet Procoagulant Activity (1995)

We tested different types of clot for their ability to provoke procoagulant activity in platelets: normal clots from platelet poor plasma (des AABB- or fibrin II clots), similar clots in which the adsorbed thrombin has been inhibited by hirudin, and clots obtained by the action of two snake venom enzymes that release only fibrinopeptide A (des AA- or fibrin I clots). Analogous clots from fibrinogen solutions were also tested. In platelet rich plasma (PRP), where platelet coagulant phospholipids (PCP) are rate limiting for thrombin generation, the addition of any type of clot enhances the generation of thrombin thus it induces the appearance of PCP. Clots containing active adsorbed thrombin are the most potent ones in this respect. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels do not increase in the course of the thrombin generation so the platelets are not damaged in the process. Non-centrifugable PCP could be demonstrated to appear during the process, so the production of procoagulant phospholipid microparticles must be part of the mechanism. Membrane transbilayer phosphatidyl serine movement (flip-flop) can not be demonstrated in PRP as the activated platelets are caught in the emerging clot. In order to demonstrate flip-flop, we tried to investigate the influence of clots on washed platelets. However, contrary to platelets in a plasma milieu, isolated platelets are damaged by fibrin clots, especially in the presence of thrombin, as can be judged from the appearance of LDH. We conclude that, in PRP, clots induce the appearance of PCP from platelets by vesiculation, possibly accompanied by flip-flop and that thrombin accelerates the process but is not an absolute requirement.
Electronic excitations: density-functional versus many-body Green’s-function approaches (2002)

Electronic excitations lie at the origin of most of the commonly measured spectra. However, the first-principles computation of excited states requires a larger effort than ground-state calculations, which can be very efficiently carried out within density-functional theory. On the other hand, two theoretical and computational tools have come to prominence for the description of electronic excitations. One of them, many-body perturbation theory, is based on a set of Green's-function equations, starting with a one-electron propagator and considering the electron-hole Green's function for the response. Key ingredients are the electron's self-energy \ensuremath{\Sigma} and the electron-hole interaction. A good approximation for \ensuremath{\Sigma} is obtained with Hedin's $\mathrm{GW}$ approach, using density-functional theory as a zero-order solution. First-principles $\mathrm{GW}$ calculations for real systems have been successfully carried out since the 1980s. Similarly, the electron-hole interaction is well described by the Bethe-Salpeter equation, via a functional derivative of \ensuremath{\Sigma}. An alternative approach to calculating electronic excitations is the time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT), which offers the important practical advantage of a dependence on density rather than on multivariable Green's functions. This approach leads to a screening equation similar to the Bethe-Salpeter one, but with a two-point, rather than a four-point, interaction kernel. At present, the simple adiabatic local-density approximation has given promising results for finite systems, but has significant deficiencies in the description of absorption spectra in solids, leading to wrong excitation energies, the absence of bound excitonic states, and appreciable distortions of the spectral line shapes. The search for improved TDDFT potentials and kernels is hence a subject of increasing interest. It can be addressed within the framework of many-body perturbation theory: in fact, both the Green's functions and the TDDFT approaches profit from mutual insight. This review compares the theoretical and practical aspects of the two approaches and their specific numerical implementations, and presents an overview of accomplishments and work in progress.
Diversity, Activity, and Evolution of CRISPR Loci in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> (2007)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are hypervariable loci widely distributed in prokaryotes that provide acquired immunity against foreign genetic elements. Here, we characterize a novel Streptococcus thermophilus locus, CRISPR3, and experimentally demonstrate its ability to integrate novel spacers in response to bacteriophage. Also, we analyze CRISPR diversity and activity across three distinct CRISPR loci in several S. thermophilus strains. We show that both CRISPR repeats and cas genes are locus specific and functionally coupled. A total of 124 strains were studied, and 109 unique spacer arrangements were observed across the three CRISPR loci. Overall, 3,626 spacers were analyzed, including 2,829 for CRISPR1 (782 unique), 173 for CRISPR2 (16 unique), and 624 for CRISPR3 (154 unique). Sequence analysis of the spacers revealed homology and identity to phage sequences (77%), plasmid sequences (16%), and S. thermophilus chromosomal sequences (7%). Polymorphisms were observed for the CRISPR repeats, CRISPR spacers, cas genes, CRISPR motif, locus architecture, and specific sequence content. Interestingly, CRISPR loci evolved both via polarized addition of novel spacers after exposure to foreign genetic elements and via internal deletion of spacers. We hypothesize that the level of diversity is correlated with relative CRISPR activity and propose that the activity is highest for CRISPR1, followed by CRISPR3, while CRISPR2 may be degenerate. Globally, the dynamic nature of CRISPR loci might prove valuable for typing and comparative analyses of strains and microbial populations. Also, CRISPRs provide critical insights into the relationships between prokaryotes and their environments, notably the coevolution of host and viral genomes.
Deposition of superconducting YBaCuO thin films by pseudospark ablation (1990)

Thin YBaCuO films have been deposited on ZrO2(Y) and SrTiO3 substrates by a novel ablation method, using a pulsed intense electron beam generated by a pseudospark source. Films with zero resistance around 85 K were grown at substrate temperatures of 820 °C with high reproducibility. X-ray analysis indicates highly textured growth on both substrates. Jc values were 6×106 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 1.1×105 A/cm2 at 77 K. Because of the high simplicity of the deposition system and the variety of changeable parameters it represents an interesting alternative to existing laser ablation methods.
All-Optical Signal Processing WITH Nonlinear Resonant Devices (2006)

All-optical signal processing is of high interest in view of potential applications in long-haul high-speed communication networks. One of the key techniques is based on active or passive nonlinear Bragg gratings with and without a tapering of the bandgap. Applications envisaged are all-optical switches, limiters, and isolators. For wavelength conversion, four-wave mixing (FWM) can be used, and resonant field enhancement is exploited to improve the conversion efficiency. We investigate the isolating properties of active and passive nonlinear Bragg gratings, and we discuss FWM in passive Bragg gratings and nonlinear ring resonators. For an InP-based micro-ring resonator we report a measured record efficiency of -32.6 dB for an on-chip pump power of 13.3 dBm
Some Research Toward The Development Of A Hologram Laser Beam Corrector-Collimator For Use In A Satellite Data Link (1986)

Some initial research results are reported toward developing holographic optical elements for use as beam corrector-collimators for diode laser arrays in an inter-satellite data link. Holograms have been made in 649F emulsions with 633 nm radiation from a He-Ne laser under conditions which simulate a hologram made in an IR-sensitive emulsion with a diode laser. Such holograms have been copied into dichromated gelatin emulsions with 488 nm radiation from an Ar + laser. The copies have shown up to 94% efficiency when reconstructed as optical elements at 633 nm. Some difficulties in obtaining efficient holograms that do not introduce significant wave-front aberrations are discussed and possible solutions described.
Whist (1945)

Whist Get access H. A. H. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 189, Issue 1, 14 July 1945, Page 16, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/189.1.16e Published: 14 July 1945
Why Not Try a Plugboard (1954)

In recent years, a very large proportion of the man-hours expended in designing and constructing new digital computers has been devoted to machines that are programmed. By we mean a machine in which all of the instructions and operands are contained interchangeably in storage. In contrast, we may consider an machine as one in which operands and a bare minimum of instructions for subroutine control are contained in and the bulk of the instructions are wired into plugboards. The net result of the emphasis on internally programmed computers has been that many of the computing fraternity seem to be accepting the belief that this is the only kind of machine to use for computing. To illustrate the extent to which this belief has gone, in the First Glossary of Programming Terminology issued for the Association for Computing Machinery, the word is not even listed. It is merely mentioned under the heading of storage as a device that holds information, but its use as a simple and very powerful means of replacing coded instructions certainly has not been emphasized. This is perhaps true because the only externally programmed machines available are combinations of accounting machines and cannot really be considered as computers. To date, with one exception, no large plugboard machine properly designed from the beginning as a computer has been available.
A highly efficient interleaved DC-DC converter using coupled inductors in gaas technology (2009)

This paper presents a high power efficiency DC-DC buck converter in Gallium Arsenide technology targeting integrated power amplifier modules. The buck converter adopts an interleaved structure with negatively coupled inductors. Analysis of the effect of coupling on the steady state and transient response of the converter is given. The coupling factor is selected to achieve a maximum power efficiency for a given duty cycle with a minimum penalty on current ripple performance. The DC-DC converter is implemented in 0.5 mum GaAs pHEMT process and occupies 2.7times2.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> without the output network. It converts 4.5 V input to 3.3 V output for 1 A load current under 250 MHz switching frequency with a power efficiency of 86.1%.
Development of in vitro Fertilized Feline Embryos in a Modified Earle's Balanced Salt Solution: Influence of Protein Supplements and Culture Dishes on Fertilization Success and Blastocyst Formation. (1998)

The effects of protein supplements and culture dish type on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development in culture were examined in the domestic cat. In Experiment I, follicular oocytes were fertilized and cultured in either 1) modified Earle's balanced salt solution, designated MK-1, supplemented with one of the following: 10% human serum (HS), 10% FCS or 0.4% BSA, or 2) Medium 199 (M-199) supplemented with 10% FCS. Fertilization rates were lower (P < 0.01) in MK-1 + BSA (74.4%), MK-1 + FCS (56.1%), and M-199 + FCS (51.4%) than in MK-1 + HS (94.7%). A greater (P < 0.01) percentage of blastocysts was obtained in MK-1 + HS (50.0%) than in other treatment groups (range, 4.3-17.2%). In Experiment II, the effect of dish type (tissue culture dish, TCD, versus suspension culture dish, SCD) on embryo development was evaluated in MK-1 supplemented with either HS or BSA. Significantly higher proportions of IVF-derived embryos developed to blastocysts at 120 and 144 hr post-insemination, respectively, when cultured in HS/SCD (47.2 and 71.7%) than in BSA/SCD (11.4 and 27.3%) or BSA/TCD (10.4 and 25.0%). At 120 hr post-insemination, there was a lower (P < 0.01) percentage of blastocysts in HS/TCD (22.2%) than in HS/SCD. In Experiment III, six embryos per cat were transferred to the uterine horns of 17 recipients at 144 hr after hCG treatment. Five of 7 recipients which received late morulae cultured in MK-1 + BSA (SCD) for 120 hr became pregnant (71.4%). Eight of 10 recipients which received early blastocysts cultured in MK-1 + HS (SCD) for 120 hr became pregnant (80.0%). We conclude that MK-1 containing HS is highly beneficial for overcoming the in vitro developmental block of IVF-derived feline embryos and increasing the success rate of IVF/ET.
Molecular species of Schiff bases derived from o-hydroxyaromatic aldehydes. III. Schiff bases of pyridoxal and its analogs with unsaturated amino acids. (1979)

The analyses of the electronic absorption spectra and the band assignments to the molecular species were carried out on the methanol solutions of the Schiff bases of pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxal N-methochloride (PLM), and related aromatic aldehydes with α, β-, β, γ-, and γ, δ-unsaturated amino acids and their methyl esters. The Schiff bases of PL with propargylglycine, allylglycine, and vinylglycine had spectra similar to those with a saturated amino acid, showing the unsaturated bond is not conjugated with the azomethine bond. In neutral and alkaline solutions of the Schiff bases of PLM with esters of alanine, propargylglycine, and allylglycine, 2-4% of the Schiff bases was deprotonated at the α-carbon atom, forming a quinoid species absorbing at 500 nm. With ester of vinylglycine, a species absorbing at 534 nm was formed, indicating the quinoid structure with an extended conjugation. It is suggested from the spectral analysis of the Schiff bases of methyl dehydrovalinate that in species protonated at the phenolate or the azomethine the molecule is not planar and the planarity is achieved through the metal chelation.