gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Inhibitory Receptor IRp60 (CD300a) Is Expressed and Functional on Human Mast Cells (2005)

Mast cell-mediated responses are likely to be regulated by the cross talk between activatory and inhibitory signals. We have screened human cord blood mast cells for recently characterized inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells. We found that IRp60, an Ig superfamily member, is expressed on human mast cells. On NK cells, IRp60 cross-linking leads to the inhibition of cytotoxic activity vs target cells in vitro. IRp60 is constitutively expressed on mast cells but is down-regulated in vitro by the eosinophil proteins major basic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. An immune complex-mediated cross-linking of IRp60 led to inhibition of IgE-induced degranulation and stem cell factor-mediated survival via a mechanism involving tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphatase recruitment, and termination of cellular calcium influx. To evaluate the role of IRp60 in regulation of allergic responses in vivo, a murine model of allergic peritonitis was used in which the murine homolog of IRp60, LMIR1, was neutralized in BALB/c mice by mAbs. This neutralization led to a significantly augmented release of inflammatory mediators and eosinophilic infiltration. These data demonstrate a novel pathway for the regulation of human mast cell function and allergic responses, indicating IRp60 as a candidate target for future treatment of allergic and mast cell-associated diseases.
Fungal Cell Wall: Structure, Synthesis, and Assembly (1991)

Introduction. Chemical Composition of the Fungal Cell Wall. Chemical Differentiation of the Cell Wall. Cell Wall Structure. Fungal Glucans. Chitin and Chitosan. Glycoproteins. Cytological Basis of Wall Growth. Assembly of Cell Wall Components. Cell Wall Growth and Assembly.
Ref-1/APE1 Inhibition with Novel Small Molecules Blocks Ocular Neovascularization (2018)

Ocular neovascular diseases like wet age-related macular degeneration are a major cause of blindness. Novel therapies are greatly needed for these diseases. One appealing antiangiogenic target is reduction-oxidation factor 1–apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ref-1/APE1). This protein can act as a redox-sensitive transcriptional activator for nuclear factor (NF)-κB and other proangiogenic transcription factors. An existing inhibitor of Ref-1’s function, APX3330, previously showed antiangiogenic effects. Here, we developed improved APX3330 derivatives and assessed their antiangiogenic activity. We synthesized APX2009 and APX2014 and demonstrated enhanced inhibition of Ref-1 function in a DNA-binding assay compared with APX3330. Both compounds were antiproliferative against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs; GI50 APX2009: 1.1 μM, APX2014: 110 nM) and macaque choroidal endothelial cells (Rf/6a; GI50 APX2009: 26 μM, APX2014: 5.0 μM). Both compounds significantly reduced the ability of HRECs and Rf/6a cells to form tubes at mid-nanomolar concentrations compared with control, and both significantly inhibited HREC and Rf/6a cell migration in a scratch wound assay, reducing NF-κB activation and downstream targets. Ex vivo, APX2009 and APX2014 inhibited choroidal sprouting at low micromolar and high nanomolar concentrations, respectively. In the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model, intraperitoneal APX2009 treatment significantly decreased lesion volume by 4-fold compared with vehicle (P < 0.0001, ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests), without obvious intraocular or systemic toxicity. Thus, Ref-1 inhibition with APX2009 and APX2014 blocks ocular angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo, and APX2009 is an effective systemic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in vivo, establishing Ref-1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization.
Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)

In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyber Hate Speech on Twitter: An Application of Machine Classification and Statistical Modeling for Policy and Decision Making (2015)

The use of “Big Data” in policy and decision making is a current topic of debate. The 2013 murder of Drummer Lee Rigby in Woolwich, London, UK led to an extensive public reaction on social media, providing the opportunity to study the spread of online hate speech (cyber hate) on Twitter. Human annotated Twitter data was collected in the immediate aftermath of Rigby's murder to train and test a supervised machine learning text classifier that distinguishes between hateful and/or antagonistic responses with a focus on race, ethnicity, or religion; and more general responses. Classification features were derived from the content of each tweet, including grammatical dependencies between words to recognize “othering” phrases, incitement to respond with antagonistic action, and claims of well‐founded or justified discrimination against social groups. The results of the classifier were optimal using a combination of probabilistic, rule‐based, and spatial‐based classifiers with a voted ensemble meta‐classifier. We demonstrate how the results of the classifier can be robustly utilized in a statistical model used to forecast the likely spread of cyber hate in a sample of Twitter data. The applications to policy and decision making are discussed.
The Victim Culture (2005)

Sixty years after the end of the Second World War, the Nazi past has become a salient and divisive issue in Austrian politics. In May 2002, political parties debated the meaning of May 8th and proponents of diverging historical interpretations clashed in the streets of Vienna. Several weeks earlier, members of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) had condemned the revised edition of the Wehrmachtsausstellung, while Green and Social Democratic (SPÖ) politicians delivered opening speeches praising it. In November 2000, Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) and the head of the Green Party, Alexander Van der Bellen, publicly sparred over whether Austria was primarily a victim, as Schüssel claimed, or a perpetrator during the Second World War. Since the formation of the ÖVP-FPÖ coalition in February 2000, the battle lines in these and other historical debates have been clearly drawn, pitting the right (the FPÖ, the ÖVP, and the conservative press) against the left (the Greens, the SPÖ, and the liberal press), and members of all parties regularly accuse their opponents of using history for partisan political gain.
Synthesis of Novel Chiral Thiophene-, Benzothiophene- and Benzofuran-Oxazoline Ligands and their Use in the Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylation (2002)

Novel thiophene, benzothiophene and benzofuran-oxazoline ligands 6-11 containing a diphenylphosphino group at different positions of the heterocyclic skeleton have been prepared and used in the enantioselective allylation. The advantage of these new ligands is their easy accessibility and their high reactivity. The best results were obtained with ligand 9 to give the product 13 in 97.0% ee with 92% yield in 2 hours at 0 °C.
The effects of end part of winding on parasitic capacitances of induction motor fed by PWM inverter (2012)

Parasitic capacitances of motor play a very important role in analysis of bearing current of motor caused by PWM supply. In previous papers, parasitic capacitances generally were acquired from two-dimension symmetry model of motor. The effect of stator winding-end on coupling capacitance was ignored. In this paper, mechanism of common-mode voltage was introduced and equivalent circuit of common-mode of motor was proposed. Relationship between parasitic capacitances and bearing voltage was figured out. 2D and 3D Finite-Element model of motor were established based on geometric dimension of motor respectively which includes with winding-end treatment and not. It's found that length of extended straight part of stator winding and height of squirrel-cage ring are two main factors which can affect C sr dramatically. Optimized analysis of C sr based on the two factors was also carried out and optimized group of parameters had been obtained to make C sr achive the minimum value.
Through-wafer electrical interconnects by sidewall photolithographic patterning (2002)

This paper describes a new photolithography technique for patterning vertical surfaces using 45-degree reflective mirrors. The resolution is limited by diffraction and by surface scattering. Using this techniques, novel through-wafer interconnects have been demonstrated with high wiring density. At 320 nm wavelength, 50 /spl mu/m-wide vertical lines have been fabricated with 25 /spl mu/m line-width loss.
Studies on the feeding attractants for fishes and shells. VIII. Feeding attractants in chemical constituents from the mid-gut gland of squid for juvenile yellowtail. (1984)

The attraction indexes of the amino acids, the lipids, the volatile bases and the organic acids among nine kinds of chemical constituents were higher than those of the dummies used as control, while the indexes of the two former substances were also higher than those of the whole extract. In addition, the index of the amino acids was appreciably higher than that of the lipids. Further-more, in the four chemical constituents described above, the indexes of the amino acids and the lipids were higher at various concentrations than those of the dummies. In this context, it may be said that the amino acids and the lipids are the feeding attractants for juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Among a variety of combinations between one of the amino acids and the lipids, and noe of other consituents, only the combination of the amino acids and the betaines was higher in the index than the amino acids. This indicates that the betaines reinforce collaborately the attractive effect of the amino acids.
Liquid fuels from coal (1966)

Coal is converted by hydrogenation to a light crude oil that can be upgraded to gasoline. The pilot plant processes 3 tons of coal/day and produces 3.5 barrels crude oil/ton of coal. Pulverized coal is slurried in recycled oil and processed in a catalytic fluidized-bed reactor.
Limits on Fixed Broadband Devices for Interference-Free Operation in the DTV Spectrum (2007)

This paper examines the limits that must be imposed on single and multiple fixed cognitive broadband devices (BDs) transmitting simultaneously on multiple unused TV channels in order to avoid interference with the reception of licensed TV channels. Single and multiple fixed BDs are assumed to radiate 4W peak power relative to an isotropic source and transmit within 10 meters of the nearest digital television (DTV) set antenna. The power and separation limits are shown to depend on whether BDs are licensed, on whether mandated minimum front-end performance specifications for DTV sets are in place, and on the definition of an ldquounused channel.rdquo Short and long-term general conclusions are drawn regarding the maximum allowable directional power and regarding taboo channels for interference-free coexistence with DTV sets. It is shown that unlicensed BDs would result in the least efficient use of the available DTV spectrum because the ldquoworst caserdquo interference limits must be imposed in an unlicensed environment. The most efficient utilization of the DTV spectrum would be achieved if BDs were licensed and then allowed to migrate, together with DTV channels, into two blocks of contiguous channels, one for DTV and one for BDs.
TiO2 rutile–anatase core–shell nanorod and nanotube arrays for photocatalytic applications (2013)

Rutile and anatase mixed TiO2 is a promising material for photocatalytic applications. In this work, rutile–anatase core–shell nanotube (NT) and nanorod (NR) structures were fabricated directly on a fluorine doped SnO2 (FTO) glass substrate using a hydrothermal growing/etching and TiCl4 post-treatment method. A pure rutile phase NT/NR core was coated with a roughened anatase shell. The nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis reflectance and transmittance spectra. The photocatalytic capability was measured by investigating the speed of methyl blue degradation UV. The core–shell NT structure showed superior photocatalytic properties due to larger light absorbing areas, higher light trapping capability and enhanced charge separation efficiency.
A novel objective no-reference metric for digital video quality assessment (2005)

A novel objective no-reference metric is proposed for video quality assessment of digitally coded videos containing natural scenes. Taking account of the temporal dependency between adjacent images of the videos and characteristics of the human visual system, the spatial distortion of an image is predicted using the differences between the corresponding translational regions of high spatial complexity in two adjacent images, which are weighted according to temporal activities of the video. The overall video quality is measured by pooling the spatial distortions of all images in the video. Experiments using reconstructed video sequences indicate that the objective scores obtained by the proposed metric agree well with the subjective assessment scores.
Residual HIV-RNA Levels Persist for Up to 2.5 Years in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients on Potent Antiretroviral Therapy (2000)

The long-term response of 10 asymptomatic, antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients to potent combination antiretroviral therapy was characterized by monitoring levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and lymphoid tissue using highly sensitive HIV-1 RNA assays. Although plasma viral loads were continuously suppressed to levels below 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml for up to 2.5 years (60-128 weeks), HIV-1 RNA was still detectable at very low levels (1 to 49 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) in 25% of the samples. In corresponding PBMC specimens, residual HIV-RNA was detectable in as much as 91% of samples tested (1 to 420 HIV-1 RNA copies/microg total RNA). Similarly, HIV-1 RNA levels in lymphoid tissue also remained detectable at a high frequency (86%). A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between therapy-induced change in PBMC HIV-1 RNA levels and change in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (r2 = 0.69; p = 0.003). These findings support the concept that measurement of HIV-1 RNA in the easily accessible PBMC compartment is relevant for evaluating the potency of current and future antiretroviral therapies.
Development of a flow-cell alpha detector utilizing microencapsulated CsI:Tl granules and silicon PIN-photodiodes (2002)

A flow-cell detector was developed utilizing microencapsulated granular CsI:Tl and silicon PIN-photodiodes for gross alpha radiation quantification. The CsI:Tl scintillator was crushed and sieved to 63-90 and 90-125 /spl mu/m particle size and encapsulated with 10% (ratio of coating layer mass to particle mass) of parylene C polymer. The radiation detector consisted of a CsI:Tl flow-cell and two silicon PIN-photodiodes (PDs). Signals from the PDs were processed by charge-sensitive preamplifiers and shaping amplifiers, then digitized by a GaGe CompuScope 8012 A/PCI 12-bit dual-channel 50-MHz digital oscilloscope card residing in a Pentium III 450-MHz PC. The digitized signal was processed by a LabVIEW-based data-acquisition program for pulse-height and pulse-shape analyses in conjunction with a software-realized coincidence mode with a resolving time of 800 ns. By setting an appropriate region of interest (ROI) for alpha events in a dual parameter histogram, the spillover of beta events into alpha ROI was less than 3.9%. The initial detection efficiency for /sup 233/U was 8.8-19.5% and declined with time due to aqueous solution diffusing through the microencapsulant. The initial detection efficiency decreased with increased particle size, increased porosity, and increased contact time. The slow component of the detection efficiency "half-life" was measured to be 36 h when 1000 Bq mL/sup -1/ /sup 233/U in 0.1 HNO/sub 3/ solution circulated in a closed loop through the flow-cell at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min/sup -1/. The alpha minimum detectable concentration of a CsI:Tl flow-cell with approximate active volume of 0.075 ml was measured to be 12.4 Bq mL/sup -1/ for a 120-s count time.
INDO and MINDO/3 atom-in-molecule polarizabilities (1981)

The INDO and MINDO/3 finite-perturbation algorithms for computing the molecular static electric dipole polarizability tensor aM were applied to obtain a set of atom-in-molecule polarizability tensors ai useful for crystal lattice energy calculations. The decomposition of aM into the ai must yield symmetric tensors, and requires the invention of a scheme to assign bond moments for closed-ring atoms. The resulting ai depend on the molecular geometry and seem to describe local bonding effects rather well. They underrate the polarizability perpendicular to covalent bonds (because of a lack of polarization functions in the INDO and MINDO/3 basis set) but the MINDO/3 ai values are rather close to the atom polarizability tensors derived from experimental data by Applequist.
A New Heterogeneous Method of CLICK Reactions for Biological Conjugations (2010)

The simple and fast CLICK reaction, in which an azide is linked to an alkyne, has been used extensively to produce substances promptly and reliably. These reactions commonly require ascorbic acid and organic solvents, limiting opportune application. Substituting zinc amalgam for the acid provides a heterogeneous system in which the reductant can easily be separated from the desired product. This system of reduction also allows for the CLICK to occur in virtually aqueous solutions. Evidence of this successful practicality was obtained by CLICKing an azide labeled virus to an alkyne labeled fluorescein dye, using a copper II bathophenanthroline catalyst, Tris pH 8 buffer and zinc amalgam. The zinc amalgam was added to a solution of copper II bathophenanthroline to reduce the copper from copper II to the copper I needed for the CLICK. After the solution has been altered from a turquoise color to a deep shade of green, indicating the reduction, the virus in buffer and fluorescein in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were added. The product was verified by comparison to a successful ascorbate CLICK of identical substrates run on a protein gel.
suPAR, a soluble form of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth and invasion (2008)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its specific membrane receptor (uPAR) control extracellular matrix proteolysis, cell migration, invasion and cell growth in several cancers. The uPAR released from human cancers is detected in blood as soluble uPAR (suPAR). No information is available on the mechanism(s) of action of suPAR on prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth and invasion. In order to clarify this issue, we tested the effect of a treatment with the human recombinant suPAR (comprising amino acids l-303) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of DU145 cells, a PCa cell line expressing a potent autocrine uPA-uPAR signalling system. The results indicate that suPAR significantly inhibits cell growth, promotes apoptosis and decreases both migration and Matrigel invasion of DU145 cells. The mechanism of action of suPAR seems to be linked to a decrease of ERK and FAK activation. Cleavage of suPAR by chymotripsin reverses these effects. When added to the uPA-negative LNCaP cells, suPAR was ineffective; on the contrary, when LNCaP cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated plates in order to stimulate uPA expression, suPAR significantly decreased cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that suPAR can function as a potent molecule scavenger for uPA in human PCa cells characterized by high levels of uPA/uPAR as in DU145 cells, while it is ineffective in uPA-deficient LNCaP cells. The molecular mechanism(s) through which suPAR participates in the control of PCa progression may bear relevance for the long-term goal to identify new therapeutic targets aimed at silencing tumours in vivo.
Nicotinic acid transport by brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney (1981)

The transport of nicotinic acid was investigated in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit kidney. The imposition of a Na+ gradient (out to in) induced a transient stimulation of nicotinic acid uptake above its final equilibrium value. This stimulation was specific for Na+. The uptake of nicotinic acid by the brush border membranes represented transport into an internal space and occurred in the absence of significant nicotinic acid degradation. The Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of nicotinic acid was saturable, apparent Km = 0.3 mM. Uptake of nicotinic acid was inhibited by its two isomers: picolinic and isonicotinic acid. In contrast, pyridine derivatives with two carboxyl groups or an amide group in addition to the carboxyl group were without inhibitory effect. Evaluation of changes in membrane potential using the lipophilic cation triphenylmethylphosphonium demonstrated that conditions that transiently generated either an interior-positive or an interior-negative membrane potential failed to affect the Na+-dependent transport of nicotinic acid. These findings provide evidence of the existence on the luminal membrane of a Na+ gradient-dependent and electroneutral transport system for nicotinic acid.
Evolutionary Computation Theory (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Analyzing EA Dynamics, Selection-Only Models, Reproduction-Only Models, Selection and Reproduction Interactions, Representation, Landscape Analysis, Models of Canonical EAs, Application-Oriented Theories, Summary
Electret sensors, filters and MEMS devices: New challenges in materials research (2003)

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 85, NO. 4, 25 AUGUST 2003 443The views expressed in this article are those of the author and not ne c-essarily those of the organization. The author is in the Department of Science and Technology, Techno -logy Bhawan, New Delhi 110 016, India e-mail: mlg@alpha.nic.in 25. Porous carbon to store methane. www. acdlabs.com/webzine/ 24/24_2.html 26. Dagani, R., Crystal sponges. Mater. Chem. , 2002, 80 , 8. 27. Gao Xian Sheng, Biomass domestic cooking gas ifier stove for use in rural areas of developing countries. Advances in Thermochem i-cal Biomass Conversion (ed. Bridgwater, A. V.), Blackie Aca-demic, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 310 –313. 28. Singh, N. P., Ethanol as a bio -fuel option, Pr oceedings of Ethanol 2002, International Conference on Policy, Financing and Market Development Issues, Winrock International India, New Delhi, 2002. 29. Chaudhari, A. S., Ethanol production from sugar beet. Ethanol , 2002, 6, 8–9. 30. Rajvanshi, A. K., Potential of Briquettes from Farm Residues as Rural Energy Source. Chan ging Villages , 1985, 7, 16. 31. Lakshmikanthan, V., Tree Borne Oilseeds, Directorate of Non-Edible Oils and Soap Industry, KVIC, Bombay, 1978, p. 59. 32. Wealth of India – Raw Materials, National Institute of Science, CSIR, New Delhi, 2000, vol. 1, pp. 107 –111. ACK NOWLEDGEMENTS. I thank Drs S. P. Sukhatme, C. R. Bhatia and J. Srinivasan for valuable comments and sugge stions. Received 3 March 2003; accepted 17 July 2003