gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CDT mStar environment : Distributed Collaborative Teamwork in Action (1997)

This paper presents the mStar environment, which creates an environment for truly scalable distributed teamwork It can be and is being used on a daily basis for electronic meetings, distributed electronic education and daily work It creates a new teamwork environment which allows users to collaborate even if they are not present at the same physical location. The mStar environment includes: the multicast WhiteBoard - mWB, which allows for collaborative reviewing of text and images; mChat, which allows for text based group chat; mVote, which allows for distributed voting and mWeb for shared WWW objects. These are all desktop and IP-multicast based and symmetric. The mStar environment also includes mMOD, which is a VCR-like tool for recording and playback of teamwork sessions, and mTunnel, which is an application for handling IP-multicast traffic on narrow links in the network (such as ISDN/modem) and network segments that does not support IP multicast. It allows for scaling and transforming of the network based data in various ways.
LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A with potent chemo- and radio-sensitizing potential (2015)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a significant role in mitotic progression and cellular responses to DNA damage. While traditionally viewed as a tumor suppressor, inhibition of PP2A has recently come to attention as a novel therapeutic means of driving senescent cancer cells into mitosis and promoting cell death via mitotic catastrophe. These findings have been corroborated in numerous studies utilizing naturally produced compounds that selectively inhibit PP2A. To overcome the known human toxicities associated with these compounds, a water-soluble small molecule inhibitor, LB100, was recently developed to competitively inhibit the PP2A protein. This review summarizes the pre-clinical studies to date that have demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of LB100 via its chemo- and radio-sensitizing properties. These studies demonstrate the tremendous therapeutic potential of LB100 in a variety of cancer types. The results of an ongoing phase 1 trial are eagerly anticipated.
Effects of mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes on lysosomal enzyme activity (1983)

Changes in the activities of several lysosomal enzymes were studied during transformation of mouse spleen cells in vitro. The activity of beta-glucuronidase increased during culture in the presence of T or B-cell mitogens, and lymphoblasts contained higher levels of activity than did small, non-transformed lymphocytes. Moreover, lymphoblasts in well-transformed cultures had higher activities than those in poorly-transformed cultures. The activities of other lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase) also increased during mitogenic stimulation, but each at different rates, although aryl sulphatase was unaffected. Such differences may be of importance when lymphocytes are used for diagnosis of inherited lysosomal deficiency diseases.
An Intelligent Auction Scheme for Smart Grid Market Using a Hybrid Immune Algorithm (2010)

Smart Grid technology is recognized as a key component of the solution to challenges such as the increasing electric demand, an aging utility infrastructure and workforce, and the environmental impact of greenhouse gases produced during electric generation. This paper presents the application of a hybrid optimization algorithm for distributed energy resource (DER) management in Smart Grid operation. The approach emphasizes the advantages of using multiagent systems for profitable operation of a Smart Grid in the energy market. The trading strategy adopted for the auction process is a profit-maximizing adaptive bidding strategy based on risk and competitive equilibrium price prediction. The auctioneer manages the usage of DERs by receiving bids from buyers and asks from sellers. A hybrid-immune-system-based particle swarm optimization is used to minimize the fuel cost for generation assuming realistic market prices for power, distributed generator bids reflecting realistic operational costs, and load bids customized according to the consumers' priorities. The simulation results clearly indicate that the agent-based management is effective in coordinating the various DERs economically and profitably.
A fast VLSI adder architecture (1992)

An architecture for performing fixed-point, high-speed, two's-complement, bit-parallel addition by using the carry-free property of redundant arithmetic and a fast parallel redundant-to-binary conversion scheme is presented. The internal numbers are represented in radix-2 redundant digit form, and the inputs and the output of the adder are represented in two's-complement binary form. The adder operands are added first in a radix-2 redundant adder to produce the result in radix-2 digit (-1, 0, 1) form. This result is converted to two's-complement binary form using the parallel conversion scheme. The high-speed conversion for long words is achieved through the use of a novel sign-select operation. The proposed adder, referred to as the sign-select conversion adder, is faster than all previous high-speed two's-complement binary adders for large word lengths. The implementation is highly regular with repeated modules and is very well suited for VLSI implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Organic Liquid Fertilizer (Corn Steep Liquor) on Initial Growth and Rhizosphere of Tomato Plant. Analysis by Root Box Method. (2000)

Corn steep liquor (CSL) is an industrial waste from corn starch factories. It is a browncolored viscous liquid, which contains many kinds of organic materials and about 3% each of N, P2O5 and K2O. We examined the use of CSL as a liquid fertilizer. Calcium should be supplemented, because its calcium content is not enough for vegetable production. Tomato growth was possible through the application of the immature organic material but only if it was applied in small amounts frequently, within the decomposition ability of the soil. When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrations, plants grew normally : Shoot weight was about 80%, but the root weight was similar to inorganic liquid fertilizer application. Liquid fertilizer caused the change of root distribution : Both types of liquid fertilizer made the roots shallower than the basal dressing in the whole layer of the soil. This caused more water uptake in the surface layer of plant cultivated by liquid fertilizer. Organic liquid fertilizer made the root thicker than that of inorganic fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer application method is effective to reduce residual ions, especially for sulfate, calcium and magnesium, from the soil.
Mechanical aspects in the design of distribution switchgear (1979)

In an electrical distribution system, switchgear is necessary to control the flow of power either at the command of the operating personnel, or automatically under the discrimination of the protective system to disconnect an unhealthy section on the occurrence of a fault. Its function is thus purely electrical but its design, manufacture and reliability in service depends to a large extent on the correct application of mechanical engineering principles and practice
Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in SISO, MIMO, and Multiuser OFDM Systems (2005)

Relying on a kurtosis-type criterion, we develop a low-complexity blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We demonstrate analytically how identifiability and performance of this blind CFO estimator depend on the channel's frequency selectivity and the input distribution. We show that this approach can be applied to blind CFO estimation in multi-input multi-output and multiuser OFDM systems. The issues of channel nulls, multiuser interference, and effects of multiple antennas are addressed analytically, and tested via simulations.
Divergent Overlapping Transcripts at the <i>PET122</i> Locus in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

PET122 is one of three nuclear genes specifically required for translation of the mitochondrial mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence of 2,862 base pairs (bp) of yeast genomic DNA encompassing the PET122 locus shows very close spacing between the PET122 gene (254 codons) and two unidentified open reading frames, termed ORF2 and ORF3. ORF2 is encoded by the same strand of DNA as PET122 and is located 53 bp downstream of PET122, while ORF3 is encoded on the opposite strand and is located 215 bp upstream of PET122. Five transcripts, with sizes of 2.9, 2.3, 2.1, 1.5, and 1.4 kilobases (kb), are produced from this locus. The 2.1- and 1.4-kb transcripts encode ORF3, the 1.5-kb transcript encodes ORF2, and the 2.9- and 2.3-kb transcripts encode PET122. A particularly interesting feature of the ORF3-PET122-ORF2 transcription unit is a 535-base overlap between the 2.3-kb PET122 transcript produced from one strand and a 2.1-kb ORF3 transcript produced from the opposite strand. Similarly, the 2.9-kb PET122 transcript overlaps the 2.1-kb ORF3 transcript by more than 900 bases and the 1.5-kb ORF3 transcript by at least 200 bases. Hence, these pairs of transcripts are antisense to one another and have the potential to regulate, in an interdependent fashion, the posttranscriptional expression of ORF3 and PET122.
Bipolar sequences correlator and squarer for multiple-access systems (2008)

Significant performance gains are achieved in code-division multiple-access communication systems by including knowledge of user cross-correlations in the channel decoder metrics. Within these calculations, the sums of squares of cross-correlations between the bipolar spreading sequences appear frequently. In this contribution we present the hardware design of a correlator and a squarer for such bipolar sequences. Our focus is to explore the potential savings in the amount of hardware needed while maintaining a high speed design. We prove the mathematical concepts leading to such savings and describe our methodology to test the resulting designs for functionality. Both designs pass the tests.
Insulin and Proinsulin Conformation in Solution (1972)

The physical chemistry of the insulin molecule in solution is reviewed. The nature of the self-association behavior is such that at physiological concentration levels insulin must exist as a monomer even in the presence of zinc. Analysis of the data on the interaction between zinc and insulin in solution leads to the conclusion that the zinc insulin complex formed has a conformation very similar to the x-ray structure of crystalline zinc insulin. Conformational studies on insulin and proinsulin support the following structural model—the insulin portion of the proinsulin molecule is in the same conformation as the free insulin molecule. Finally, studies indicate that the α-NH2 group on the A1 glycine of insulin is very important for biological activity.
Effects of maternal separation on brain stress systems: Modulation by voluntary exercise in male rats (2013)

Early life stress (ELS) has been shown to predispose animals to anxiety- and depression-like behaviour in adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that repeated stress in adulthood dysregulates the hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin system. The current study examined the effects of maternal separation (MS), a well validated rodent model of ELS, on the expression of anxiety-like behaviour following the re-exposure to stress in adulthood. The pattern of Fos-expression in hypothalamic orexin neurons and stress sensitive brain regions was also characterised. Finally, this study examined whether the effects of this double-hit of stress could be reversed using a voluntary exercise intervention during early adulthood. Male rat pups (n=25) were removed from dams for 3hrs on postnatal days (PND) 2-14 (MS). Controls (C; n=25) remained undisturbed during this period except for weekly weighing. On PND 75, animals were randomly allocated to either a ‘stress’ (30min restraint stress) or ‘no stress’ condition (S or NS). A subset of MS animals (n=6) was allowed access to exercise wheels for 1hr/day from PND 40-70. Following this, all animals were behaviourally tested in the open field apparatus for 10mins. Two hours after initiation of restraint, animals were perfused and brains were processed for Fos-protein immunohistochemistry and co-labelled for orexin or tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH). Counts of Fos-positive neurons were made in the hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). MS-NS rats exhibited behaviour that was indistinguishable from C-NS rats. However, male MS-S rats exhibited decreased exploratory behaviour in the open field task compared to C-S rats. This was associated with a decrease in the percentage of Fos-positive orexin cells in the hypothalamus and reduced Fos-protein in the PVN, PVT and TH-positive VTA cells compared to C-S rats. Interestingly, the exercise intervention reversed the behavioural effects of MS following stress and normalized orexin cell and VTA-TH cell Fos-expression. In conclusion, MS resulted in altered open field behaviour and hypoactivation of the orexin system in response to adult stress. The current study indicates that changes in orexin system function may involve altered activity in stress-sensitive brain regions such as the VTA, PVN and PVT. Importantly, the behavioural and neural changes observed were reversed by voluntary exercise in early adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of stress-related disorders.
Survey on Fault Operation on Multilevel Inverters (2009)

This paper is related to faults that can appear in multilevel (ML) inverters, which have a high number of components. This is a subject of increasing importance in high-power inverters. First, methods to identify a fault are classified and briefly described for each topology. In addition, a number of strategies and hardware modifications that allow for operation in faulty conditions are also presented. As a result of the analyzed works, it can be concluded that ML inverters can significantly increase their availability and are able to operate even with some faulty components.
Scientific and Engineering Progress in CO2 Mineralization Using Industrial Waste and Natural Minerals (2015)

The issues of reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several leading large-scale CO2 mineralization methodologies from a technical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.
Fabrication of <scp> <scp>PMN</scp> </scp> – <scp> <scp>PZT</scp> </scp> Transparent Ceramics by Two‐Stage Sintering (2012)

Highly optically transparent ceramics of (1− x ) Pb ( Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 – x Pb ( Zr 0.53, Ti 0.47 ) O 3 ( PMN – PZT ) were fabricated by a two‐stage sintering method without La‐modification. The ceramics exhibited high optical transparency (64% at 1500 nm) for visible and near infrared wavelength. The ferroelectric domain and microstructure of PMN – PZT transparent ceramics prepared were also investigated. Fully dense microstructure was observed in all PMN – PZT transparent ceramic samples. Higher PMN containing compositions exhibited pyrochlore phase and relatively lower transparency for near infrared wavelengths. Fine and irregular fingerprint ferroelectric domains were observed in all PMN – PZT compositions except in the PMN – PZT 67/33 composition that had dense microstructure and pure perovskite phase. This PMN – PZT 67/33 composition exhibited the lowest transparency (40% at 1500 nm) with large‐scale macrodomain structure.
Hedging: principles, practices, and strategies for the financial markets (1990)

Identifying and Selecting the Basis. Analyzing the Basis. Adaptive Processes. Physical Hedging. Debt Hedging. Asset and Liability Management. Equity Hedging. Trading the Basis. Deliveries, Settlements, and Other Offsets. Options. Designing and Implementing a Program.
Rapid identification of metallo- and serine beta-lactamases (1994)

Simple methods to detect, identify, and differentiate metallo- and serine beta-lactamases were developed and used to differentiate enzymes produced by 17 clinical isolates of Xanthomonas maltophilia. All isolates exhibited beta-lactamase activity, and in 16 strains this was induced by imipenem. All but one isolate hydrolyzed imipenem (and meropenem), and in all cases this activity was inhibited by 1 mM EDTA. The metallo- and serine beta-lactamases in the cell extracts were distinguished on isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels by using the following procedures. (i) Cell lysates were preincubated with 83 mM EDTA prior to IEF and subsequent visualization with nitrocefin, and (ii) after IEF, the gels were overlaid with either 1 mM zinc sulfate or 100 microM BRL 42715 before staining with nitrocefin. Bands of beta-lactamase activity which were removed by BRL 42715 but unaffected by EDTA or zinc sulfate were categorized as serine beta-lactamases. Bands which were unaffected by BRL 42715 but inhibited by EDTA or enhanced by zinc sulfate were classified as metallo-beta-lactamases. By using this approach, seven metallo-beta-lactamases were differentiated with pI values of 4.8 (two strains), 5.5 (four strains), 5.7 (one strain), 6.0 (one strain), 6.4 (four strains), 6.6 (one strain), and 6.8 (three strains). The metallo-beta-lactamase band with a pI of 6.4 aligned with the recently characterized metallo-beta-lactamase from X. maltophilia 511. Heterogeneity was also observed for the serine beta-lactamases: 14 isolates elaborated serine beta-lactamase activity which focused with major bands with at least eight different pIs. The remaining three strains produced serine beta-lactamases which focused with five distinct bands with pIs of 6.4, 6.2, 5.7, 5.5, and 5.2. We conclude that X. maltophilia produces many types of metallo- and serine beta-lactamases distinguishable by these new methods and that the previously reported L-1 and L-2 enzymes are not solely representative of the beta-lactamases produced by this species.
Effective personalization based on association rule discovery from web usage data (2001)

To engage visitors to a Web site at a very early stage (i.e., before registration or authentication), personalization tools must rely primarily on clickstream data captured in Web server logs. The lack of explicit user ratings as well as the sparse nature and the large volume of data in such a setting poses serious challenges to standard collaborative filtering techniques in terms of scalability and performance. Web usage mining techniques such as clustering that rely on offline pattern discovery from user transactions can be used to improve the scalability of collaborative filtering, however, this is often at the cost of reduced recommendation accuracy. In this paper we propose effective and scalable techniques for Web personalization based on association rule discovery from usage data. Through detailed experimental evaluation on real usage data, we show that the proposed methodology can achieve better recommendation effectiveness, while maintaining a computational advantage over direct approaches to collaborative filtering such as the k-nearest-neighbor strategy.
Temporal logic inference for classification and prediction from data (2014)

This paper presents an inference algorithm that can discover temporal logic properties of a system from data. Our algorithm operates on finite time system trajectories that are labeled according to whether or not they demonstrate some desirable system properties (e.g. "the car successfully stops before hitting an obstruction"). A temporal logic formula that can discriminate between the desirable behaviors and the undesirable ones is constructed. The formulae also indicate possible causes for each set of behaviors (e.g. "If the speed of the car is greater than 15 m/s within 0.5s of brake application, the obstruction will be struck") which can be used to tune designs or to perform on-line monitoring to ensure the desired behavior. We introduce reactive parameter signal temporal logic (rPSTL), a fragment of parameter signal temporal logic (PSTL) that is expressive enough to capture causal, spatial, and temporal relationships in data. We define a partial order over the set of rPSTL formulae that is based on language inclusion. This order enables a directed search over this set, i.e. given a candidate rPSTL formula that does not adequately match the observed data, we can automatically construct a formula that will fit the data at least as well. Two case studies, one involving a cattle herding scenario and one involving a stochastic hybrid gene circuit model, are presented to illustrate our approach.
A new marker for osteoarthritis: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal approach (2004)

This study shows that CTX-II is associated with both the prevalence and the progression of radiographic OA at the knee and hip. Importantly, this association is independent of known clinical risk factors for OA and seems stronger in subjects with joint pain.
Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, or Both (2003)

Valsartan is as effective as captopril in patients who are at high risk for cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. Combining valsartan with captopril increased the rate of adverse events without improving survival.