gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New technologies in credit card authentication (2002)

A description is presented of a card for accessing information indirectly using only a bar code. An intelligent card reader is required to retrieve information regarding the cardholder. Magnetic stripe memories are sufficiently large to hold name, number, and about 50 b of reference information for signature verification. Signature verification using dynamic features has been realized with a higher accuracy than that achieved by visual inspection. It appears that a battery-powered single chip microprocessor card reader, and piezoelectric pad for recording the signature dynamics can be combined into a low cost unit. This unit could replace the present roller-printing device. The large number of these units which are required will reduce their cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bifunctional siRNA Combining TGF-β1 Silencing with RIG-I Activation in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Deregulated TGF-β signaling in pancreatic cancer promotes tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and a potent immunosuppressive network. A strategy for disrupting this tumor-promoting pathway is silencing TGF-β by siRNA. By introducing a triphosphate group at the 5' end of siRNA (ppp-siRNA), gene silencing can be combined with immune activation via the cytosolic helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a ubiquitously expressed receptor recognizing viral RNA. We validated RIG-I as a therapeutic target by showing that activation of RIG-I in pancreatic carcinoma cells induced IRF-3 phosphorylation, production of type I IFN, the chemokine CXCL10, as well as caspase-9-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Next, we generated a bifunctional ppp-siRNA that combines RIG-I activation with gene silencing of TGF-β1 (ppp-TGF-β) and studied its therapeutic efficacy in the orthotopic Panc02 mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Intravenous injection of ppp-TGF-β reduced systemic and tumor-associated TGF-β levels. In addition, it induced high levels of type I IFN and CXCL10 in serum and tumor tissue, systemic immune cell activation, and profound tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Treatment of mice with established tumors with ppp-TGF-β significantly prolonged survival as compared with ppp-RNA or TGF-β siRNA alone. Furthermore, we observed the recruitment of activated CD8(+) T cells to the tumor and a reduced frequency of CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Therapeutic efficacy was dependent on CD8(+) T cells, whereas natural killer cells were dispensable. In conclusion, combing TGF-β gene silencing with RIG-I signaling confers potent antitumor efficacy against pancreatic cancer by breaking tumor-induced CD8(+) T cell suppression.
Permeation and sorption in polynorbornenes with organosilicon substituents (1993)

Abstract Gas sorption properties, permeability coefficients, and diffusion coefficients of a series of norbornene polymers are presented. Introduction of the Si(CH 3 ) 3 group into the polynorbornene (PNB) backbone chain results in significant increases in glass transition temperature, permeability, and diffusion coefficient for a number of gases (H 2 , O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 ). The transport properties and sorption isotherms for poly(5‐trimethylsilyl norbornene) (PTMSNB) are very similar to those for poly(vinyltrimethyl silane) (PVTMS), which contains the same side‐chain group but differs from PTMSNB by the structure of its main chain. For another silicon‐containing polymer poly[5‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐disilabutyl) norbornene] (PDSNB) having a bulkier side‐chain group, the glass‐transition temperature is decreased in comparison with that of PNB, presumably owing to self‐plasticization. Both silicon‐containing norbornene polymers (PTMSNB and PDSNB) have permeability coefficients for “rapid” gases like H 2 or CO 2 of about 10 2 Barrer. The high values of the Langmuir sorption capacity C′ H for PTMSNB and PVTMS, as well as the high diffusivity and mobility of spin probes in these polymers, were attributed to a large free volume related to the bulky Si(CH 3 ) 3 groups attached directly to the main chain. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
INTRINSIC MATERIAL SCATTER IN FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION (1981)

Abstract The statistical nature of fatigue crack growth rate has been examined for G41400 steel exposed to different heat treatments and for different loading and environmental conditions. Techniques for determining the intrinsic value of the crack propagation rate are discussed. The intrinsic scatter due to the material has been evaluated and considered in terms of its effect on fatigue life prediction, both normal and log normal distributions of fatigue crack growth data being considered. It appears that the intrinsic material scatter in crack propagation rate is closely related to the scatter in total life.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in ordered sendust alloys single crystal. (1986)

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants, K1, of the Sendust alloys (7∼11 wt% Si, 4∼7 wt% Al, bal Fe) were determined as a function of the temperature between −196°C and 600°C by means of a torque magnetometer. The sign of K1 is negative at −196°C and the magnitude is fairly large (e.g., −3 × 104 erg/cm3) for the most alloys examined. However, with increasing temperature, K1 crosses zero and changes its sign from negative to positive. It should be noted here that the temperature at which K1 crosses zero, TK1=0, differs distinguishably and ranges from −140°C to 200°C for each alloy composition. For the central composition of the Sendust alloy (9.6 wt% Si, 5.7 wt% Al, bal Fe), TK1=0 was found to be room temperature. No sign change of K1 took place in the case of the 7.4 wt% Si, 4.1 wt% Al, bal Fe alloy. The compositions at which K1 becomes zero are strongly temperature dependent. With increasing temperature, the compositional line of K1=0 moves to the area with rich A1 and less Si concentration in the Fe-Si-Al ternary alloy system. Temperature dependence of K1 for these alloys were discussed in connection with the two components of K1 consist of long range and short range order term in D03 phase.
MIETTA — a framework for uniform and multilingual access to structured database and Web information (2000)

We describe a WWW-based information system called MIETTA, which allows uniform and multilingual access to heterogenous data sources in the tourism domain. The design of the search engine is based on a new crosslingual framework. The framework integrates a crosslingual retrieval strategy with a strategy using natural language techniques: information extraction and multilingual generation. The combination of information extraction and multilingual generation enables on the one hand, multilingual presentation of the database content, and on the other hand, free text crosslingual information retrieval of the structured data entries. We will demonstrate that the new framework is useful for domain specific and multilingual applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐propanoanthracen‐12‐ones Substituted at the Bridgehead. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spread of a Distinct Stx2-Encoding Phage Prototype among Escherichia coli O104:H4 Strains from Outbreaks in Germany, Norway, and Georgia (2012)

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 caused one of the world's largest outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Germany in 2011. These strains have evolved from enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) by the acquisition of the Stx2 genes and have been designated enteroaggregative hemorrhagic E. coli. Nucleotide sequencing has shown that the Stx2 gene is carried by prophages integrated into the chromosome of STEC O104:H4. We studied the properties of Stx2-encoding bacteriophages which are responsible for the emergence of this new type of E. coli pathogen. For this, we analyzed Stx bacteriophages from STEC O104:H4 strains from Germany (in 2001 and 2011), Norway (2006), and the Republic of Georgia (2009). Viable Stx2-encoding bacteriophages could be isolated from all STEC strains except for the Norwegian strain. The Stx2 phages formed lysogens on E. coli K-12 by integration into the wrbA locus, resulting in Stx2 production. The nucleotide sequence of the Stx2 phage P13374 of a German STEC O104:H4 outbreak was determined. From the bioinformatic analyses of the prophage sequence of 60,894 bp, 79 open reading frames were inferred. Interestingly, the Stx2 phages from the German 2001 and 2011 outbreak strains were found to be identical and closely related to the Stx2 phages from the Georgian 2009 isolates. Major proteins of the virion particles were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Stx2 production in STEC O104:H4 strains was inducible by mitomycin C and was compared to Stx2 production of E. coli K-12 lysogens.
Wet oxidation of acetic acid catalyzed by Co-Bi complex oxides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWet oxidation of acetic acid catalyzed by Co-Bi complex oxidesSeiichiro Imamura, Akihiro Hirano, and Nariyoshi KawabataCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1982, 21, 4, 570–575Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300008a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i300008a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Building a Better Backtrace: Techniques for Postmortem Program Analysis (2002)

After a program has crashed, it can be difficult to reconstruct why the failure occurred, or what actions led to the error. We propose a family of analysis techniques that use the evidence left behind by a failed program to build a time line of its possible actions from launch through termination. Our design can operate with zero run time instrumentation, or can flexibly incorporate a wide variety of artifacts such as stack traces and event logs for increased precision. Efficient demand-driven algorithms are provided, and the approach is well suited for incorporation into interactive debugging support tools
Association between resting heart rate and hypertension treatment in a general population (1999)

Epidemiologic studies have reported a relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in hypertensive subjects. In a representative sample (n = 1175) of women and men aged 35 to 64 years, we studied the associations between RHR and hypertension. RHR was associated with sex (P < .001), socioeconomic and marital status (P < .05), physical fitness (P < .001), smoking (P < .05), hypercholesterolemia (P < .01), body mass index (P < .01), blood pressure (P < .01), triglyceride levels (P < .01), glycemia (P < .05), hematocrit (P < .001 in men, not significant in women), and white blood cell count (P < .01). Logistic regression models adjusted for the above variables were developed with RHR coded as a polytomous outcome variable (RHR < 65/min; 65 < or = RHR < 75/min; 75 < or = RHR < 85/min; RHR > or = 85/min). Subjects unaware of their hypertension had significant adjusted odds ratios for high RHR categories [75 < or = RHR < 85/min: 2.11 (1.37 to 3.23), P < .001; RHR > or = 85/min: 4.71 (2.06 to 10.78), P < .001]. People treated for hypertension had nonsignificant odds ratios whatever the RHR categories. After adjustment for numerous risk factors, elevated RHR were associated with high blood pressure in unaware hypertensive subjects. The impact of antihypertensive drugs with different RHR lowering effects remains to be studied on a population basis.
Cyclodextrins in Polymer Synthesis: A “Green” Route to Fluorinated Polymers via Cyclodextrin Complexes in Aqueous Solution (2002)

Materials made from fluorinated poly(methacrylates) are outstanding due primarily to two special characteristics, hydrophobicity and lipophobicity. Typically, they show strong antifriction and antiadhesive properties. The established technical synthesis of fluoropolymers is preferentially carried out by radical polymerization techniques in aqueous emulsions in the presence of fluorinated surfactants, or in organic solvents with chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) acting as cosolvents. Tnhe demand for environmentally friendly production of various fluoropolymers by using smaller amounts of organic solvents and the abandonment of ozone layer destroying CFCs is a challenge for both industry and scientists. The homopolymerization of different fluorinated methacrylates and acrylates, and also their copolymerization with different kinds of suitable non-fluorinated winyl monomers such as styrene and stearyl methacrylate in water was easily achieved by the free-radical-inidiated polymerization of cyclodewtrin-monomer host-guest complexes in water without any added surfactant or cosolvent.
Congestion Control using Efficient Explicit Feedback (2009)

This paper proposes a framework for congestion control, called binary marking congestion control (BMCC) for high bandwidth-delay product networks. The basic components of BMCC are i) a packet marking scheme for obtaining high resolution congestion estimates using the existing bits available in the IP header for explicit congestion notification (ECN) and ii) a set of load-dependent control laws that use these congestion estimates to achieve efficient and fair bandwidth allocations on high bandwidth-delay product networks, while maintaining a low persistent queue length and negligible packet loss rate. We present analytical models that predict and provide insights into the convergence properties of the protocol. Using extensive packet-level simulations, we assess the efficacy of BMCC and perform comparisons with several proposed schemes. BMCC outperforms VCP, MLCP, XCP, SACK+RED/ECN and in some cases RCP, in terms of average flow completion times for typical Internet flow sizes.
Synthesis and Potent <i>In vitro</i> Activity of Novel 1<i>H</i>‐Benzimidazoles as Anti‐MRSA Agents (2012)

A new class of 1H-benzimidazolecarboxamidines was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities, including drug-resistant bacterial strains. The most potent compound (32) has the same ratio of anti-MRSA activity as Vancomycin (minimal inhibitory concentrations value 0.78 μg/mL). The mechanism of action for 1H-benzimidazolecarboxamidine appears to be different from existing antibacterial agents. These compounds have potential for development as a new class of potent anti-MRSA agent.
Compact camera module testing equipment with a conversion lens (2012)

Modified testing equipment for adjusting the back focal length of a compact camera module (CCM) is proposed. The advantages of this modified testing equipment which includes a conversion lens are that it saves on testing space, offers a smaller sized testing chart, as well as high speed chart changing, and variable object distances. The modified testing equipment can produce a test chart of 38.32 mm compared to an equivalent testing chart of 5000 mm with the conventional testing equipment. At the regular object distance of 2000 mm, both total track and testing chart size for the modified test equipment were 8.3% that of the conventional testing equipment. By using this testing equipment, the testing space can be shrunk significantly.
Inhibition of β-amyloid formation as a therapeutic strategy (1999)

A considerable body of evidence has accumulated in recent years implicating the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The highly hydrophobic Aβ can nucleate and form neurotoxic fibrils which are characteristic components of AD neuritic plaques. Three general strategies for preventing or slowing the Aβ-initiated cascade of events leading to AD are (1) block the downstream signalling pathways that result in cytotoxic responses to Aβ fibrils, (2) interfere with Aβ nucleation and fibrillogenesis, and (3) inhibit the proteolytic events that lead to Aβ generation. In this article, we provide a perspective on the current knowledge of the molecular basis of AD, discuss the advantages of the third therapeutic strategy, blocking Aβ production, and review the recent journal and patent literature describing compounds that work at this level. Finally, we will discuss the most pressing issues that need to be addressed in order to more effectively develop useful therapeutic agents that lower Aβ concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).
Bone apposition to a titanium-zirconium alloy implant, as compared to two other titanium-containing implants (2012)

Implants made of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) are widely and successfully used in dentistry. For certain indications, diameter-reduced Ti alloy implants with improved mechanical strength are highly desirable. The aim was to compare the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium (TiZr) and cpTi implants with a modified sandblasted and acid-etched (SLActive) surface and with a Ti6Al4V alloy that was sand-blasted and acid-washed. Cylindrical implants with two, 0.75 mm deep, circumferential grooves were placed in the maxilla of miniature pigs and allowed to heal for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Undecalcified toluidine blue-stained ground sections were produced. Surface topography, area fraction of tissue components, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined. All materials showed significantly different surface roughness parameters. The amount of new bone within the implant grooves increased over time, without significant differences between materials. However, BIC values were significantly related to the implant material and the healing period. For TiZr and cpTi implants, the BIC increased over time, reaching values of 59.38 % and 76.15 % after 2 weeks, and 74.50 % and 84.67 % after 8 weeks, respectively. In contrast, the BIC for Ti6Al4V implants peaked with 42.29 % after 2 weeks followed by a decline to 28.60 % at 8 weeks. Significantly more surface was covered by multinucleated giant cells on Ti6Al4V implants after 4 and 8 weeks. In conclusion, TiZr and cpTi implants showed faster osseointegration than Ti6Al4V implants. Both chemistry and surface topography might have influenced the results. The use of diameter-reduced TiZr implants in more challenging clinical situations warrants further documentation in long-term clinical studies.
Sensor‐Based Nitrogen Applications Out‐Performed Producer‐Chosen Rates for Corn in On‐Farm Demonstrations (2011)

Optimal N fertilizer rate for corn ( Zea mays L.) and other crops can vary substantially within and among fields. Current N management practices do not address this variability. Crop reflectance sensors offer the potential to diagnose crop N need and control N application rates at a fine spatial scale. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of sensor‐based variable‐rate N applications to corn, relative to constant N rates chosen by the producer. Fifty‐five replicated on‐farm demonstrations were conducted from 2004 to 2008. Sensors were installed on the producer's N application equipment and used to direct variable‐rate sidedress N applications to corn at growth stages ranging from V6 to V16. A fixed N rate chosen by the cooperating producer was also applied. Relative to the producer's N rate, sensors increased partial profit by $42 ha −1 ( P = 0.0007) and yield by 110 kg ha −1 ( P = 0.18) while reducing N use by 16 kg N ha −1 ( P = 0.015). This represents a reduction of approximately 25% in the amount of N applied beyond what was removed in the grain, thus reducing unused N that can move to water or air. Our results confirm that sensors can choose N rates for corn that perform better than rates chosen by producers.
Dodecyl sulfate-induced fast faradic process in nickel cobalt oxide–reduced graphite oxide composite material and its application for asymmetric supercapacitor device (2012)

In this contribution, we report a facile preparation method of nickel cobalt oxide–reduced graphite oxide (NiCo2O4–rGO) composite material. A fast Faradic process has been realized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-induced ultrasmall NiCo2O4 nanocrystals on rGO. As a result, this composite material gives a high specific capacitance of 1222 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 768 F g−1 at 40 A g−1, showing an outstanding rate capability. An asymmetric supercapacitor device with high energy and power densities has been successfully assembled based on NiCo2O4–rGO composite material and activated carbon. The optimized device shows a high energy density of 23.32 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 324.9 W kg−1. In addition, this asymmetric device shows good stability towards multistage current charge–discharge cycles.
A stakeholder analysis (2000)

This paper provides guidance on how to do a stakeholder analysis, whether the aim is to conduct a policy analysis, predict policy development, implement a specific policy or project, or obtain an organizational advantage in one's dealings with other stakeholders. Using lessons learned from an analysis of alcohol policy development in Hungary, it outlines issues to be considered before undertaking the stakeholder analysis concerning the purpose and time dimensions of interest, the time-frame and the context in which the analysis will be conducted. It outlines advantages and disadvantages of an individual or team approach, and of the use of insiders and outsiders for the analysis. It describes how to identify and approach stakeholders and considers the use of qualitative or quantitative data collection methods for estimating stakeholder positions, levels of interest and influence around an issue. A key message is that the process of data collection and analysis needs to be iterative; the analyst needs to revise and deepen earlier levels of the analysis, as new data are obtained. Different examples of ways of analyzing, presenting and illustrating the information are provided. Stakeholder analysis is a useful tool for managing stakeholders and identifying opportunities to mobilize their support for a particular goal. However, various biases and uncertainties necessitate a cautious approach in using it and applying its results.