gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Control Systems: Theory, Hardware, Software (1985)

Introduction continuous-time control-system response characteristics linear systems and the sampling process discrete systems modeling discrete control analysis discrete transform analysis (approximations) principles of signal conversion digital-control-system implementation random porocesses in digital control systems finite word length and compensator approach cascade compensation - digitization (DIG) cascade compensation - direct (DIR) technique feedback compensation discrete state-space design methods discrete quantitative feedback technique modern discrete control theory discrete optimal control discrete estimation and stochastic control. Appendices.
Capacity Enhancement Using an Interference Limited Area for Device-to-Device Uplink Underlaying Cellular Networks (2011)

A new interference management strategy is proposed to enhance the overall capacity of cellular networks (CNs) and device-to-device (D2D) systems. We consider M out of K cellular user equipments (CUEs) and one D2D pair exploiting the same resources in the uplink (UL) period under the assumption of M multiple antennas at the base station (BS). First, we use the conventional mechanism which limits the maximum transmit power of the D2D transmitter so as not to generate harmful interference from D2D systems to CNs. Second, we propose a δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -interference limited area (ILA) control scheme to manage interference from CNs to D2D systems. The method does not allow the coexistence (i.e., use of the same resources) of CUEs and a D2D pair if the CUEs are located in the δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -ILA defined as the area in which the interference to signal ratio (ISR) at the D2D receiver is greater than the predetermined threshold, δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> . Next, we analyze the coverage of the δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -ILA and derive the lower bound of the ergodic capacity as a closed form. Numerical results show that the δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -ILA based D2D gain is much greater than the conventional D2D gain, whereas the capacity loss to the CNs caused by using the δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -ILA is negligibly small.
Dominant paternal transmission of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: A new case and review of 25 previously reported familial recurrences (2001)

The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by somatic and cognitive retardation, characteristic facial features, limb abnormalities, hearing loss, and other organ system involvement. The vast majority of cases (99%) are sporadic, with rare familial occurrences having been reported. Most individuals with CdLS do not reproduce as a result of the severity of the disorder. Maternal transmission has been well documented, as have several cases of multiple-affected children being born to apparently unaffected parents. Paternal transmission has rarely been reported. A case is reported here of a father with classic features of CdLS with a similarly affected daughter. A review of the reported familial cases of CdLS is summarized.
TRAFFIC AND HIGHWAY ENGINEERING. SECOND EDITION (1997)

This textbook, while intended primarily for use as an undergraduate text, can also serve as a reference for practicing transportation engineers and for students in graduate courses. The introductory chapters present material that will help students understand the basis for transportation, its importance in society, and the extent to which transportation pervades our daily lives. Later chapters present information about the basic areas in which transportation engineers work: traffic operations, planning, design, construction, and maintenance. The chapters are categorized into five parts: Part 1, Introduction; Part 2, Traffic Operations; Part 3, Transportation Planning; Part 4, Location, Geometrics, and Drainage; and Part 5, Materials and Pavements. The second edition reflects many changes that have occurred since the book was first published in 1988. Chapters have been added on safety and intersection design, and each chapter has been expanded and updated to reflect new methods, procedures, and technology. The number and variety of homework problems have been increased, and the chapters on highway capacity have been updated to reflect the new Highway Capacity Manual. Recent references in traffic, planning, design, materials, and pavements have been added. An appendix has been added that compares new geometric design standards and formulas in metric units. An index is provided.
Daclatasvir (2015)

Daclatasvir, when combined with sofosbuvir, is an effective agent to treat HCV genotype 3, with SVR rates above 90% for patients without cirrhosis who are treatment naïve or experienced. SVR rates for treatment-naïve or -experienced patients with cirrhosis are not as robust (58%-69%).
Spatially Distributed Naming Games (1998)

The paper investigates the dynamical properties of spatially distributed naming games. Naming games are interactions between two agents, a speaker and a hearer, in which the speaker identifies an object using a name. Adaptive naming games imply that speaker and hearer update their lexicons to become better in future games. By engaging in adaptive naming games, a coherent shared vocabulary arises through self-organisation in a population of distributed agents. When the agents are spatially distributed, diversity can be shown to arise, and changes, in population contact lead to language changes.
Role of SWI/SNF in acute leukemia maintenance and enhancer-mediated <i>Myc</i> regulation (2013)

Cancer cells frequently depend on chromatin regulatory activities to maintain a malignant phenotype. Here, we show that leukemia cells require the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex for their survival and aberrant self-renewal potential. While Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF, is known to suppress tumor formation in several cell types, we found that leukemia cells instead rely on Brg1 to support their oncogenic transcriptional program, which includes Myc as one of its key targets. To account for this context-specific function, we identify a cluster of lineage-specific enhancers located 1.7 Mb downstream from Myc that are occupied by SWI/SNF as well as the BET protein Brd4. Brg1 is required at these distal elements to maintain transcription factor occupancy and for long-range chromatin looping interactions with the Myc promoter. Notably, these distal Myc enhancers coincide with a region that is focally amplified in ∼3% of acute myeloid leukemias. Together, these findings define a leukemia maintenance function for SWI/SNF that is linked to enhancer-mediated gene regulation, providing general insights into how cancer cells exploit transcriptional coactivators to maintain oncogenic gene expression programs.
CELL POPULATION KINETICS OF AN OSTEOGENIC TISSUE · I (1963)

A study of the cell kinetics on the actively growing periosteal surface of the femur of rabbits aged 2 weeks has been continued. A single injection of tritiated thymidine was given and the rabbits killed from 1 hour to 4 days after injection. The grain count spectra of the different cell types, pre-osteoblast, osteoblast, and osteocyte, have been compared at different times after injection. The results showed evidence for the uptake of thymidine in nuclei which is not associated with cell division. A small percentage of osteoblasts was initially labeled at 1 hour and there was evidence that the majority of these had not divided by 3 or 4 days after injection. Some thymidine-labeled cells had also become osteocytes without division. Furthermore, it appeared that a considerable fraction of the initially labeled pre-osteoblasts did not divide. The S period for the pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts was measured using a double-labeled thymidine technique.
Microwave Blanching of Peaches (1977)

AbstractClingstone peaches were blanched by microwave energy to determine the rates of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase inactivation, heat penetration and freezing aptitude. The microwave blanched samples showed after six months' storage and thawing at room temperature, much less darkening of the tissue, off flavors and juice exudation than the unblanched ones
Medical errors in neurosurgery (2014)

Overall, the magnitude of medical errors in neurosurgery and the lack of focused research emphasize the need for prospective categorization of morbidity with judicious attribution. Ultimately, we must raise awareness of the impact of medical errors in neurosurgery, reduce the occurrence of medical errors, and mitigate their detrimental effects.
Magnetic domain structures in multilayered NiFe films (1979)

The coercivity of NiFe (80/20) films can be lowered by laminating several layers with nonmagnetic spacers. A reduction by a factor of 10 can be achieved with a simple bi-layer, regardless of spacer material, provided the spacer thickness is below a critical value. No further reduction is found for multilayers. Two peaks of Hc near thicknesses of 250Å and 1000Å for single layer films, associated with changes in domain structure, are suppressed by lamination. After a minimum spacer thickness (S) of 10–15Å, the domain walls in the separate layers no longer coincide but track closely, their separation depending on S. With S?100Å the layers switch independently, giving rise to multiple values of Hc.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, and Protein‐Binding Studies of Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridine Estradiol Conjugates (2007)

A new series of luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bipyridine estradiol conjugates [Ir(N-C)2(N-N)](PF6) (N-N = 5-(4-(17alpha-ethynylestradiolyl)phenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy-est, HN-C = 2-phenylpyridine, Hppy (1 a), 1-phenylpyrazole, Hppz (2 a), 7,8-benzoquinoline, Hbzq (3 a), 2-phenylquinoline, Hpq (4 a), 2-((1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)benzothiazole, Hbsb (5 a); N-N = 4-(N-(6-(4-(17alpha-ethynylestradiolyl)benzoylamino)hexyl)aminocarbonyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy-C6-est, HN-C = Hppy (1 b), Hppz (2 b), Hbzq (3 b), Hpq (4 b), Hbsb (5 b)) was synthesized, characterized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties studied. Upon photoexcitation, all the complexes displayed intense and long-lived emission in fluid solutions at 298 K and in low-temperature glass. The emission of complexes 1 a-3 a and 1 b-3 b was assigned to a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) (dpi(Ir)-->pi*(bpy-est and N-C-)) state mixed with some triplet intraligand ((3)IL) (pi-->pi*) (N-C- and N-N) character. However, the emissive states of the pq- and bsb- complexes 4 a, 4 b, 5 a, and 5 b showed substantial (3)IL (pi-->pi*) (pq-/bsb-) character. The lipophilicity of all the complexes was determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Upon binding to estrogen receptor alpha, all of these iridium(III) estradiol conjugates exhibited emission enhancement and lifetime extension, rendering them a novel series of luminescent probes for this receptor.
Seismic reservoir prediction using Bayesian integration of rock physics and Markov random fields: A North Sea example (2002)

Quantitative interpretation of seismic data for reservoir rock and fluid properties commonly relies on deterministic rock physics relations and may often neglect statistical variability or spatial correlation. Geostatistical methods, on the other hand, take into account spatial dependence but results are often obtained without properly formalizing rock physics relations between seismic measurements and rock and fluid properties. This paper presents a strategy for integrating deterministic rock physics relations and spatial, statistical representations within a Bayesian framework.
Multiple local optima in vector quantizers (Corresp.) (1982)

Two results are presented on vector quantizers meeting necessary conditions for optimality. First a simple generalization of well-known centroid and moment properties of the squared-error distortion measure to a weighted quadratic distortion measure with an input dependent weighting is presented. The second result is an application of the squared-error special case of the first result to a simulation study of the design of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</tex> bit per sample two- and three-dimensional quantizers for a memoryless Gaussian source using the generalized Lloyd technique. The existence of multiple distinct local optima is demonstrated, thereby showing that sufficient conditions for unique local optima do not exist for this simple common case. It is also shown that at least three dimensions are required for a vector quantizer to outperform a scalar quantizer for this source.
Dynamic amplifier for m.o.s. technology (1979)

This letter will demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the static operational amplifiers in switched-capacitor m.o.s. circuits by a simple group of switches that acts as a dynamic amplifier. The method is applicable to m.o.s. and c.m.o.s. active-filter circuits such as the ladder filter and biquad, and promises to save static power and chip area by eliminating static o.a.s, as well as reducing 1/f noise.
ElectricOIL discharge and post-discharge kinetics experiments and modeling (2007)

Laser oscillation at 1315 nm on the I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>) → I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>) transition of atomic iodine has been obtained by a near resonant energy transfer from O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) produced using a low-pressure oxygen/helium/nitric-oxide discharge. In the electric discharge oxygen-iodine laser (ElectricOIL) the discharge production of atomic oxygen, ozone, and other excited species adds levels of complexity to the singlet oxygen generator (SOG) kinetics which are not encountered in a classic purely chemical O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) generation system. The advanced model BLAZE-IV has been introduced in order to study the energy-transfer laser system dynamics and kinetics. Levels of singlet oxygen, oxygen atoms and ozone are measured experimentally and compared with calculations. The new BLAZE-IV model is in reasonable agreement with O<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>&Sgr;), and O atom, and gas temperature measurements, but is under-predicting the increase in O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) concentration resulting from the presence of NO in the discharge. A key conclusion is that the removal of oxygen atoms by NOX species leads to a significant increase in O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) concentrations downstream of the discharge in part via a recycling process, however there are still some important processes related to the NO<sub>X</sub> discharge kinetics that are missing from the present modeling. Further, the removal of oxygen atoms dramatically inhibits the production of ozone in the downstream kinetics.
Molecular Basis for the Recognition of Snurportin 1 by Importin β (2008)

The nuclear import of uridine-rich ribonucleoproteins is mediated by the transport adaptor snurportin 1 (SNP1). Similar to importin alpha, SNP1 uses an N-terminal importin beta binding (sIBB) domain to recruit the receptor importin beta and gain access to the nucleus. In this study, we demonstrate that the sIBB domain has a bipartite nature, which contains two distinct binding determinants for importin beta. The first determinant spans residues 25-65 and includes the previously identified importin alpha IBB (alphaIBB) region of homology. The second binding determinant encompasses residues 1-24 and resembles region 1011-1035 of the nucleoporin 153 (Nup153). The two binding determinants synergize within the sIBB domain to confer a low nanomolar binding affinity for importin beta (K(d) approximately 2 nm) in an interaction that, in vitro, is displaced by RanGTP. We propose that in vivo the synergy of Nup153 and nuclear RanGTP promotes translocation of uridine-rich ribonucleoproteins into the nucleus.
Anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine and its neural correlates in treatment-resistant bipolar depression (2014)

Anhedonia--which is defined as diminished pleasure from, or interest in, previously rewarding activities-is one of two cardinal symptoms of a major depressive episode. However, evidence suggests that standard treatments for depression do little to alleviate the symptoms of anhedonia and may cause reward blunting. Indeed, no therapeutics are currently approved for the treatment of anhedonia. Notably, over half of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder experience significant levels of anhedonia during a depressive episode. Recent research into novel and rapid-acting therapeutics for depression, particularly the noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine, has highlighted the role of the glutamatergic system in the treatment of depression; however, it is unknown whether ketamine specifically improves anhedonic symptoms. The present study used a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design to examine whether a single ketamine infusion could reduce anhedonia levels in 36 patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression. The study also used positron emission tomography imaging in a subset of patients to explore the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning ketamine's anti-anhedonic effects. We found that ketamine rapidly reduced the levels of anhedonia. Furthermore, this reduction occurred independently from reductions in general depressive symptoms. Anti-anhedonic effects were specifically related to increased glucose metabolism in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and putamen. Our study emphasizes the importance of the glutamatergic system in treatment-refractory bipolar depression, particularly in the treatment of symptoms such as anhedonia.
BF-7 Improved Memory Function and Protected Neuron from Oxidative Stress (2004)

Endogenously or exogenously generated oxidative stress impair organs, especially brain. Also, the oxidative stress appears to be a negative factor on normal brain function, like memory and cognition. Our result showed that BF-7, extracted from Bombyx mori, effectively diminished oxidative stress, leading to the protection of neuron from reactive oxygen species donated by . Clinical experiments showed that BF-7 significantly improved memory and cognitive functions of normal adults in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our results suggest that BF-7 play a role in the improvement of brain functions by removing oxidative stress, and provide therapeutic potential role of BF-7 to protect nervous system from oxidative damag.
Surfactant Replacement Therapy at Birth: Final Analysis of a Clinical Trial and Comparisons With Similar Trials (1988)

A randomized trial of surfactant replacement therapy at birth was conducted at the University of Rochester between June 1983 and November 1985. Thirty-four premature infants, 25 to 29 weeks' gestational age, received a preventilatory dose of a calf lung surfactant extract in saline prepared at the University of Rochester. A control group of 31 infants received a preventilatory dose of saline alone. The major finding of this trial is that a single preventilatory dose of calf lung surfactant extract reduces the severity of the respiratory distress syndrome during the first 24 hours of life. The beneficial effects, however, are not sustained in many infants and diminish after 24 hours of life. The survival rate was 71% in both the control and surfactant-treated groups. There was a lower incidence of pneumothorax in the surfactant-treated group. There were no differences in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, and intraventricular hemorrhage. No adverse effects of surfactant replacement therapy were identified. Results of this study suggest that multiple postventilatory doses of surfactant will be required for optimal therapy.
Effects of Microstructure on Stretch-flange-formability of 980 MPa Grade Cold-rolled Ultra High Strength Steel Sheets (2004)

Stretch-flange-formability is an important property for ultra high strength steel (UHSS) sheets for press-forming. In this study, microscopic deformation behaviors during punching and following stretch-flange-forming were investigated using three types of 980 MPa grade UHSS sheets with either two ferrite/martensite dual-phase structures or a martensite single-phase structure in order to clarify how the microstructure affects the stretch-flange-formability of UHSS sheets. The results of this investigation revealed following conclusions. Microscopic plastic-flow or micro-void density generated by punching is not the dominant factor of the stretch-flange-formability of UHSS sheets. During hole-expanding, cracks were mainly initiated at the fractured surface part and the cracks became longer and deeper from the punched surface with the increase of hole-expanding ratio. Deep cracking resistance in this process is important to improve the stretch-flange-formability. The existence of strain gradient induced by hole punching is considered to be one of the reason for the highest hole-expanding ratio of the martensite single phase steel. During hole-expanding, the micro-cracks propagate mostly along the phase interfaces in the dual-phase steel sheets in the case of poor stretch-flange-formability, while the micro-cracks are tend to propagate through ferrite and martensite phases in the case of high stretch-flange-formability. The analysis of the hardness of ferrite and martensite suggests that the difference in hardness is the dominant factor of the stretch-flange-formability of the dual-phase steel. In addition, the volume fractions of phases also influence the formability.
FPGA Implementation of an Improved Watchdog Timer for Safety-Critical Applications (2018)

Embedded systems that are employed in safety-critical applications require highest reliability. External watchdog timers are used in such systems to automatically handle and recover from operation time related failures. Most of the available external watchdog timers use additional circuitry to adjust their timeout periods and provide only limited features in terms of their functionality. This paper describes the architecture and design of an improved configurable watchdog timer that can be employed in safety-critical applications. Several fault detection mechanisms are built into the watchdog, which adds to its robustness. The functionality and operations are rather general and it can be used to monitor the operations of any processor based real-time system. This paper also discusses the implementation of the proposed watchdog timer in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This allows the design to be easily adaptable to different applications, while reducing the overall system cost. The effectiveness of the proposed watchdog timer to detect and respond to faults is first studied by analysing the simulation results. The design is validated in a real-time hardware by injecting faults through the software while the processor is executing, and conclusions are drawn.