gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Writing Systems of the World (1980)

This study confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2-infected cats living in close contact with infected owners. Despite cats' susceptibility to COVID-19, the risk of severe infection in these animals is low, as evidenced by the lack of clinical signs in positive cats.
Accurate Time-Linked Data Acquisition System field deployment and operational experience (2001)

The Accurate Time-Linked Data Acquisition System (ATLAS) became fully operational on the Long-term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) turbine at Bushland, Texas in May of 2000. In the LIST configuration, one data acquisition unit is mounted on the rotor and two additional acquisition units are mounted near the base of the turbine. All communication between the rotor unit and the ground is via telemetry. Data acquisition on all three units is synchronized (within +/- 1 microsecond) by slaving the units to universal time with the Sandia-developed Programmable Accurate Time Synchronization Module. A total of 74 channels of instrumentation is monitored by the three acquisition units. Data acquisition occurs at a 30 Hz rate for a continuous data throughput of over 35,000 bits per second, resulting in over 2 GB of ASCII data per day. Implementation of the system is discussed and operational experience is reviewed.
Plasma sources using long linear microwave field applicators: main features, classification and modelling (1995)

Microwave plasma sources using elongated field applicators that extend over distances large in comparison with the free-space wavelength are in demand for many applications, mainly for the processing of large surfaces of materials that can be moved transversely with respect to the applicator. Various long applicators have been presented in the literature but no unified description is available to assist the potential user in selecting the one best suited for his or her particular needs. This paper is intended to meet this need. All applicators of this kind provide an electromagnetic wave from which originates the electric field sustaining the discharge. However, they differ in some essential aspects which reflect on their performance and on the modelling of the resulting plasma. We propose to classify these applicators first into two main categories according to the way the power flows to the plasma: (i) transmission-line applicators; and (ii) antenna applicators. Then, in each category, we need to distinguish two possible wave characters: travelling and standing. This leaves us with four systems to examine. For each of these systems, we briefly approach discharge modelling, mainly to examine the longitudinal distribution of plasma properties and establish guidelines for the methodical design and operation of these plasma sources. Finally, we evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the four systems.
Passive Immunity of Progeny from Broiler Breeders Vaccinated with Oil-Emulsion Bacterin Against Salmonella Enteritidis (2008)

Young poultry are very susceptible to Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections because of the absence of complete intestinal flora colonization and an immature immune system. This study evaluated the role of passive immunity on the resistance of young birds against early infections caused by SE. The progeny of broiler breeders vaccinated with an oil-emulsion bacterin was compared to the progeny of unvaccinated birds. Efficacy was determined by challenging birds at 1 and 14 days of age with SE Nal Spc strain, phage type 4. After challenge at 1 day of age, the progeny of vaccinated birds presented a significantly lower number (log10) of SE Nal Spc reisolation (P < 0.05) in liver (2.21), spleen (2.31), and cecal contents (2.85) compared with control groups (2.76, 3.02, and 6.03, respectively). The examination of the internal organs, 3 days after infection, revealed that 28% of the birds (7/25) from vaccinated breeders were positive, whereas 100% (25/25) of the chicks derived from unvaccinated birds were positive. Birds challenged at 14 days of age presented a lower number of positive samples compared with those challenged at 1 day of age, and the progeny of vaccinated birds presented statistically lower numbers (log10) of colony-forming units/ml of SE Nal Spc only in the cecal contents compared with nonvaccinated breeder progeny (2.11 vs. 2.94). Age seems to influence the susceptibility of birds to SE infections: in control groups, the number of positive birds at 14 days of age (9/25) was lower when compared with the group infected at 1 day of age (25/25). The number of positive fecal samples of the progeny of vaccinated birds was significantly lower (36) than those of the control group (108) after challenge at 1 day of age. Unchallenged progeny of vaccinated birds presented passive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) up to 21 days of age. On the other hand, antibodies of the control group were detected by ELISA 14 days after challenge. These results show a significant contribution of breeder vaccination by increasing the resistance of the progeny against early SE infections. However, the bacteria were not completely eliminated, suggesting that additional procedures are needed to effectively control SE infections.
Reaction of Cyclic Thioureas with 2‐Benzylidenecycloalkanones (1987)

Abstract BF 3 . OEt 2 ‐catalyzed reaction of cyclic thioureas ( 1 ) with 2‐benzylidenecycloalkanones ( 2 ) afforded tricyclic 1,3‐thiazines ( 3, 4 ). The progress of the reactions was found to depend on the ring size of both 1 and 2 .
Automating Transliteration of Cuneiform from Parallel Lines with Sparse Data (2017)

Cuneiform tablets appertain to the oldest textual artifacts and are in extent comparable to texts written in Latin or ancient Greek. The Cuneiform Commentaries Project (CPP) from Yale University provides tracings of cuneiform tablets with annotated transliterations and translations. As a part of our work analyzing cuneiform script computationally with 3D-acquisition and word-spotting, we present a first approach for automatized learning of transliterations of cuneiform tablets based on a corpus of parallel lines. These consist of manually drawn cuneiform characters and their transliteration into an alphanumeric code. Since the Cuneiform script is only available as raster-data, we segment lines with a projection profile, extract Histogram of oriented Gradients (HoG) features, detect outliers caused by tablet damage, and align those features with the transliteration. We apply methods from part-of-speech tagging to learn a correspondence between features and transliteration tokens. We evaluate point-wise classification with K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM); sequence classification with a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and a Structured Support Vector Machine (SVM-HMM). Analyzing our findings, we reach the conclusion that the sparsity of data, inconsistent labeling and the variety of tracing styles do currently not allow for fully automatized transliterations with the presented approach. However, the pursuit of automated learning of transliterations is of great relevance as manual annotation in larger quantities is not viable, given the few experts capable of transcribing cuneiform tablets.
Formation of multinucleated giant cells from human monocyte precursors. Mediation by a soluble protein from antigen-and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. (1982)

Multinucleated giant cells are associated with granulomas arising from immunological and nonimmunological inflammatory reactions. They are an integral part of the host immune response to chronic infectious diseases. In the present study we have demonstrated that human lymphocytes when stimulated by specific antigens of T cell mitogens produce a soluble factor that causes peripheral blood monocytes to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells in vitro. Production of the giant cell factor by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes correlates with the existence of cell-mediated immunity to specific antigen. Monocyte-depleted blood lymphocytes, but not purified blood monocytes, produce the giant cell factor when cultured with antigens or T cell mitogens. Gel filtration and physiochemical studies indicate that the lymphocyte-derived giant cell factor is a heat-labile protein of approximately 60,000 mol wt. These findings suggest that multinucleated giant cells in granulomas may be formed by fusion of circulating monocytes in response to the release of a 60,000-mol wt protein from antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes.
Jozef Deleu: Viyāhapannatti (Bhagavaī): the fifth anga of the Jaina canon. (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Werken uitgegeven door de Faculteit van de Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, 151<sup>e</sup> Afl.) 359 pp. Brugge: ‘ De Tempel’, 1970. Bel. fr. 890. (1971)

Jozef Deleu: Viyāhapannatti (Bhagavaī): the fifth anga of the Jaina canon. (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Werken uitgegeven door de Faculteit van de Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, 151e Afl.) 359 pp. Brugge: ‘ De Tempel’, 1970. Bel. fr. 890. - Volume 34 Issue 3
Mapping genome-wide transcription factor binding sites in frozen tissues (2013)

The enhanced reproducibility, robustness, and sensitivity of the dry pulverization method, in addition to the ease of implementation and scalability, makes ChIP-seq in primary tissues a widely accessible assay.
Dry Cells Containing Various Aromatic C-Nitroso Compounds as Cathode Materials (1958)

Many aromatic C‐nitroso compounds when coupled with a magnesium anode and a magnesium bromide electrolyte result in dry cells with practical features. The discharge characteristics of these cells are dependent on the particular aromatic C‐nitroso compound used as a cathode. Magnesium‐p‐nitro‐sodimethylaniline dry cells operate at a flat voltage level between 1.3 and 1.4 v and give greater watt‐minute capacities per unit of weight and volume than general purpose commercial Leclanché dry cells containing African manganese dioxide on a number of tests.
Self-adjusting constrained random stimulus generation using splitting evenness evaluation and XOR constraints (2009)

Constrained random stimulus generation plays significant roles in hardware verification nowadays, and the quality of the generated stimuli is key to the efficiency of the test process. In this work, we present a linear dynamic method to guide random stimulus generation by SAT solvers. A splitting simplified Min-Distance-Sum evaluation method and an XOR sampling strategy are integrated in the self-adjusting random stimulus generation framework. The evenness of the split groups is evaluated to find out some uneven parts. Then, random partial solutions for the uneven parts and random XOR constraints for the other inputs are added into constraints to get better distributed stimuli. Experimental results show that our method can evaluate the evenness as well as more complex formulae for stimulus generation, and also confirm that the self-adjusting method can improve the fault coverage ratio by more than 17% averagely with the same number of stimuli.
Molecular predictors of gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer (2011)

Gemcitabine is one of the most used anti-neoplastic drugs with documented activity in almost all major localizations of cancer. In pancreatic cancer treatment, gemcitabine occupies a prominent place as a first line chemotherapy, partly because of the paucity of other efficacious chemotherapy options. In fact, only a minority of pancreatic cancer patients display a response or even stability of disease with the drug. There are currently no clinically applicable means of predicting which patient will derive a clinical benefit from gemcitabine although several proposed markers have been studied. These markers are proteins involved in drug up-take, activation and catabolism or proteins that define the ability of the cell to undergo apoptosis in response to the drug. Several of these markers are reviewed in this paper. We also briefly discuss the possible role of stem cells in drug resistance to gemcitabine.
Conductivity Modulation Effect in High Voltage N-Channel Schottky Injection FETs (1989)

In this paper, the conductivity modulation effect in high voltage (570V) n-channel Schottky Injection FET (SINFET) is analyzed. The conductivity modulation effect, which is dependent on the Schottky barrier characteristics and the device structure, is evaluated in terms of the onset voltage for conductivity modulation. Results show that the onset voltage for conductivity modulation of the drift region increases with increasing drift region length and Schottky contact width, but decreases with increasing drift region dose. Finally, a comparison of the DC and switching performance of the LDMOST, various types of LIGBTs, and SINFET devices is given.
Very low cost testers: Opportunities and challenges (2001)

Prudent application of design-for-testability guidelines can yield designs that don't require all the expensive features of traditional automated test equipment. The authors describe how the VLSI design and semiconductor test communities can cooperate to greatly reduce testing costs.
<title>Fast algorithm for subpixel-accuracy image stabilization for digital film and video</title> (1998)

This paper introduces a novel method for subpixel accuracy stabilization of unsteady digital films and video sequences. The proposed method offers a near-closed-form solution to the estimation of the global subpixel displacement between two frames, that causes the misregistration of them. The criterion function used is the mean-squared error over the displaced frames, in which image intensities at subpixel locations are evaluated using bi-linear interpolation. The proposed algorithm is both faster and more accurate than the search-based solutions found in the literature. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to the spatio-temporal differentiation and surface fitting algorithms, as well. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is designed so that it is insensitive to frame-to-frame intensity variations. It is also possible to estimate any affine motion between two frames by applying the proposed algorithm on three non-collinear points in the unsteady frame.
Annotating patient clinical records with syntactic chunks and named entities: the Harvey Corpus (2016)

The free text notes typed by physicians during patient consultations contain valuable information for the study of disease and treatment. These notes are difficult to process by existing natural language analysis tools since they are highly telegraphic (omitting many words), and contain many spelling mistakes, inconsistencies in punctuation, and non-standard word order. To support information extraction and classification tasks over such text, we describe a de-identified corpus of free text notes, a shallow syntactic and named entity annotation scheme for this kind of text, and an approach to training domain specialists with no linguistic background to annotate the text. Finally, we present a statistical chunking system for such clinical text with a stable learning rate and good accuracy, indicating that the manual annotation is consistent and that the annotation scheme is tractable for machine learning.
Binding of tumor necrosis factor alpha to activated forms of human plasma alpha 2 macroglobulin. (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that human plasma alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is a latent binding glycoprotein for human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Human recombinant 125I-TNF-alpha was incubated for 2 hours (37 degrees C) with purified native alpha 2M and with alpha 2M that was modified by reaction with methylamine or various proteinases. 125I-TNF-alpha/alpha 2M complexes were detected by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after autoradiography or by liquid chromatography on Superose-6. 125I-TNF-alpha bound strongly but noncovalently to alpha 2M-plasmin and alpha 2M-methylamine. There was minimal binding of 125I-TNF-alpha to native alpha 2M, alpha 2M-trypsin, or alpha 2M-thrombin. A 10(6) molar excess of porcine heparin did not reduce the binding of 125I-TNF-alpha to alpha 2M-methylamine or alpha 2M-plasmin. alpha 2M-plasmin or alpha 2M-methylamine added to human plasma or serum preferentially bound 125I-TNF-alpha in the presence of native alpha 2M. 125I-TNF-alpha also bound to 'fast' alpha-macroglobulins in methylamine-reacted human, rat, mouse, swine, equine, and bovine plasma. However, TNF-alpha, preincubated with either alpha 2M-plasmin or alpha 2M-methylamine, remained a potent necrogen for cultured L929 cells. Purified 125I-TNF-alpha/alpha 2M-plasmin complex injected intravenously in CD-1 mice rapidly cleared from the circulation, unless the alpha 2M-receptor pathway was blocked by coinjection of excess alpha 2M-trypsin. These findings demonstrate that alpha 2M is a latent plasmin-activated binding glycoprotein for TNF-alpha and that TNF-alpha/alpha 2M-plasmin complexes can be removed from the circulation by the alpha 2M-receptor pathway. This suggests that alpha 2M may be an important regulator of the activity and distribution of TNF-alpha in vivo.
New mesogenic compounds with unconventional molecular structures 1,2-Phenylene and 2,3-naphthylene bis[4-(4-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoates] and related compounds (1993)

Abstract DSC and X-ray studies on a series of 1,2-phenylene bis[4-(4-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoates] are presented. The phases were shown to be classical nematic and/or smectic by their continuous miscibilities with reference mesophases. The layer spacings in the smectic A phase measured as a function of the alkyl chain length revealed that the mean tilt angle of the linear three-ring part of the molecule to the layer normal is about 37° and that the molecular core is V-shaped with an angle of about 70° between the two out-stretched benzoate legs. This molecular model accounts for the effects of a methyl group introduced into the 3- or 4-position of the 1,2-phenylene moiety on the mesomorphic properties. Both the nematic and smectic A properties are markedly promoted by replacement of the 1,2-phenylene group by the 2,3-naphthylene group. The phases exhibited by the less-elongated series of 2,3-naphthylene bis(4-alkoxybenzoates) are also nematic and/or smectic A, but are now monotropic. The formation of stable smectic A and metastable B phases by a series of 1,2,3-tris[4-(4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)benzoyloxy]benzenes is described.
Acid-Induced Cold Gelation of Globular Proteins:  Effects of Protein Aggregate Characteristics and Disulfide Bonding on Rheological Properties (2004)

The process of cold gelation of ovalbumin and the properties of the resulting cold-set gels were compared to those of whey protein isolate. Under the chosen heating conditions, most protein was organized in aggregates. For both protein preparations, the aggregates consisted of covalently linked monomers. Both types of protein aggregates had comparable numbers of thiol groups exposed at their surfaces but had clearly different shapes. During acid-induced gelation, the characteristic ordering caused by the repulsive character disappeared and was replaced by a random distribution. This process did not depend on aggregate characteristics and probably applies to any type of protein aggregate. Covalent bonds are the main determinants of the gel hardness. The formation of additional disulfide bonds during gelation depended on the number and accessibility of thiol groups and disulfide bonds in the molecule and was found to clearly differ between the proteins studied. However, upon blocking of the thiol groups, long fibrillar structures of ovalbumin contribute significantly to gel hardness, demonstrating the importance of aggregate shape.
The Development of the α-Particle Emitting Radionuclides <sup>212</sup>Bi and <sup>213</sup>Bi, and Their Decay Chain Related Radionuclides, for Therapeutic Applications (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Development of the α-Particle Emitting Radionuclides 212Bi and 213Bi, and Their Decay Chain Related Radionuclides, for Therapeutic ApplicationsSindre Hassfjell and Martin W. BrechbielView Author Information Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1002 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 7, 2019–2036Publication Date (Web):June 7, 2001Publication History Received8 November 2000Published online7 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000118yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000118yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1309Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Cancer therapy,Cells,Peptides and proteins,Tumors Get e-Alerts
Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord Stroma-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

As the collection and isolation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) require invasive and often undesirable procurement procedures, investigators have begun to seek alternative sources of human MSC including the umbilical cord stroma. Here we describe the noninvasive isolation, culture, and basic characterization of human umbilical cord stroma-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCS-MSCs). Although some technical and observational variations exist between laboratories, there has been a relatively common consensus regarding the immunological and functional characteristics of hUCS-MSCs. Successful in vitro and in vivo differentiation to several lineages makes these cells an invaluable stem cell source, deserving further testing as a cellular therapy or other applications in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the isolation and culture of hUCS-MSCs still need better clarification to ultimately build an optimal standard procedure among laboratories, tissue banks, and clinics.