gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pump-probe experiments at 1064 nm in singlewall carbon nanotube suspensions (2000)

Singlewall carbon nanotube (SWNT) suspensions have been shown to be good optical limiters mainly because of their nonlinear scattering properties. In this paper, we report on a pump-probe experiment coupled with emission measurements for SWNT's in two solvents (water and chloroform). Time-resolved probe transmission with a pump at 1064 nm and a CW probe at 633 nm permits one to associate optical limiting with the formation of bubbles in the solvent, sublimation of the particles, and cavitation effects at high fluences. We show that the optical limiting behavior of SWNT's for nanosecond pulse duration is better in chloroform than in water due to different thermodynamic properties of the solvents.
Relativistic description of constituent quarks (2001)

In this paper we propose a formalism to remove the center of mass motion of the relativistic three-quark system in order to calculate not only one-body operators, but also two-body interactions. We employ various methods used in the past to remove the center of mass motion. We then calculate the masses of the nucleon and \ensuremath{\Delta} resonance with residual one-gluon, sigma meson, and pseudoscalar pion and eta meson exchange potentials. Magnetic moments, root mean square radii, pion-nucleon coupling constant, and the axial vector coupling constant are also calculated. The main purpose of the calculation is to study the effect of the removal of the center of mass motion and investigate the similarities and differences between a relativistic and nonrelativistic description of constituent quarks. The method projecting onto the total momentum $P=0,$ is found to give results consistent with experiments. It is also found that light quark mass and strong confinement are appropriate to reproduce the nucleon and \ensuremath{\Delta} masses in the relativistic approach.
Local Hough Transform for 3D Primitive Detection (2015)

Detecting primitive geometric shapes, such as cylinders, planes and spheres, in 3D point clouds is an important building block for many high-level vision tasks. One approach for this detection is the Hough Transform, where features vote for parameters that explain them. However, as the voting space grows exponentially with the number of parameters, a full voting scheme quickly becomes impractical. Solutions in the literature, such as decomposing the global voting space, often degrade the robustness w.r.t. Noise, clutter or multiple primitive instances. We instead propose a local Hough Transform, which votes on sub-manifolds of the original parameter space. For this, only those parameters are considered that align a given scene point with the primitive. The voting then recovers the locally best fitting primitive. This local detection scheme is embedded in a coarse-to-fine detection pipeline, which refines the found candidates and removes duplicates. The evaluation shows high robustness against clutter and noise, as well as competitive results w.r.t. Prior art.
Combined Heuristic Attack Strategy on Complex Networks (2017)

Usually, the existence of a complex network is considered an advantage feature and efforts are made to increase its robustness against an attack. However, there exist also harmful and/or malicious networks, from social ones like spreading hoax, corruption, phishing, extremist ideology, and terrorist support up to computer networks spreading computer viruses or DDoS attack software or even biological networks of carriers or transport centers spreading disease among the population. New attack strategy can be therefore used against malicious networks, as well as in a worst‐case scenario test for robustness of a useful network. A common measure of robustness of networks is their disintegration level after removal of a fraction of nodes. This robustness can be calculated as a ratio of the number of nodes of the greatest remaining network component against the number of nodes in the original network. Our paper presents a combination of heuristics optimized for an attack on a complex network to achieve its greatest disintegration. Nodes are deleted sequentially based on a heuristic criterion. Efficiency of classical attack approaches is compared to the proposed approach on Barabási‐Albert, scale‐free with tunable power‐law exponent, and Erdős‐Rényi models of complex networks and on real‐world networks. Our attack strategy results in a faster disintegration, which is counterbalanced by its slightly increased computational demands.
Shot Noise Suppression in Avalanche Photodiodes (2005)

We identify a new shot noise suppression mechanism in a thin (approximately 100 nm) heterostructure avalanche photodiode. In the low-gain regime the shot noise is suppressed due to temporal correlations within amplified current pulses. We demonstrate in a Monte Carlo simulation that the effective excess noise factors can be < 1, and reconcile the apparent conflict between theory and experiments. This shot noise suppression mechanism is independent of known mechanisms such as Coulomb interaction, or reflection at heterojunction interfaces.
Data Clustering: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications (2007)

Preface Part I. Clustering, Data and Similarity Measures: 1. Data clustering 2. DataTypes 3. Scale conversion 4. Data standardization and transformation 5. Data visualization 6. Similarity and dissimilarity measures Part II. Clustering Algorithms: 7. Hierarchical clustering techniques 8. Fuzzy clustering algorithms 9. Center Based Clustering Algorithms 10. Search based clustering algorithms 11. Graph based clustering algorithms 12. Grid based clustering algorithms 13. Density based clustering algorithms 14. Model based clustering algorithms 15. Subspace clustering 16. Miscellaneous algorithms 17. Evaluation of clustering algorithms Part III. Applications of Clustering: 18. Clustering gene expression data Part IV. Matlab and C++ for Clustering: 19. Data clustering in Matlab 20. Clustering in C/C++ A. Some clustering algorithms B. Thekd-tree data structure C. Matlab Codes D. C++ Codes Subject index Author index.
Graph convolutional network approach applied to predict hourly bike-sharing demands considering spatial, temporal, and global effects (2019)

Solving the supply-demand imbalance is the most crucial issue for stable implementation of a public bike-sharing system. This gap can be reduced by increasing the accuracy of demand prediction by considering spatial and temporal properties of bike demand. However, only a few attempts have been made to account for both features simultaneously. Therefore, we propose a prediction framework based on graph convolutional networks. Our framework reflects not only spatial dependencies among stations, but also various temporal patterns over different periods. Additionally, we consider the influence of global variables, such as weather and weekday/weekend to reflect non-station-level changes. We compare our framework to other baseline models using the data from Seoul's bike-sharing system. Results show that our approach has better performance than existing prediction models.
Trellis coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for digital video transmission (2002)

The combination of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and a coding scheme is seen as a promising broadcasting system to cope with the frequency-selective and time-variant channel. The first application of this technique using a convolutional coding scheme has been implemented within the framework of the Eureka DAB (digital audio broadcasting) project. It is shown how to double the existing spectrum efficiency of the system with the association of trellis-coded modulation and an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technique with the aim of offering the transmission capacity in a TV channel necessary for a high-quality video signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Surface Heterogeneity on the Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub>in Microporous Carbons (2012)

Carbon capture combined with utilization and storage has the potential to serve as a near-term option for CO(2) emissions reduction. CO(2) capture by carbon-based sorbents and CO(2) storage in geologic formations such as coal and shale both require a thorough understanding of the CO(2) adsorption properties in microporous carbon-based materials. Complex pore structures for natural organic materials, such as coal and gas shale, in addition to general carbon-based porous materials are modeled as a collection of independent, noninterconnected, functionalized graphitic slit pores with surface heterogeneities. Electronic structure calculations coupled with van der Waals-inclusive corrections have been performed to investigate the electronic properties of functionalized graphitic surfaces. With Bader charge analysis, electronic structure calculations can provide the initial framework comprising both the geometry and corresponding charge information required to carry out statistical modeling. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to determine the adsorption isotherms for a given adsorbent-adsorbate interaction at temperature/pressure conditions relevant to carbon capture applications to focus on the effect of the surface functionalities. On the basis of the current work, oxygen-containing functional groups were predicted to enhance CO(2) adsorption in microporous carbon materials in the absence of water vapor, and the hydrated graphite was found to hinder CO(2) adsorption.
VEKG: Video Event Knowledge Graph to Represent Video Streams for Complex Event Pattern Matching (2019)

Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a paradigm to detect event patterns over streaming data in a timely manner. Presently, CEP systems have inherent limitations to detect event patterns over video streams due to their data complexity and lack of structured data model. Modelling complex events in unstructured data like videos not only requires detecting objects but also the spatiotemporal relationships among objects. This work introduces a novel video representation technique where an input video stream is converted to a stream of graphs. We propose the Video Event Knowledge Graph (VEKG), a knowledge graph driven representation of video data. VEKG models video objects as nodes and their relationship interaction as edges over time and space. It creates a semantic knowledge representation of video data derived from the detection of high-level semantic concepts from the video using an ensemble of deep learning models. To optimize the run-time system performance, we introduce a graph aggregation method VEKG-TAG, which provides an aggregated view of VEKG for a given time length. We defined a set of operators using event rules which can be used as a query and applied over VEKG graphs to discover complex video patterns. The system achieves an F-Score accuracy ranging between 0.75 to 0.86 for different patterns when queried over VEKG. In given experiments, pattern search time over VEKG-TAG was 2.3X faster as compared to the baseline.
Valuation of Technology and Information for Reservoir Risk Management (2003)

Summary Reservoir risk management involves optimizing assets given inherent reservoir uncertainties and minimizing risk by reducing these accordingly. The decision to implement any reservoir management technology is usually based on some form of cost-benefit analysis. Consequently, the correct valuation of value-adding technology (often based on net present value, or NPV) becomes a significant part of a reservoir management process. This paper discusses techniques for the valuation of technology and information related to reservoir risk management. For demonstration purposes, these techniques are applied to valuation of real-time control and monitoring technologies in a reservoir with multiple uncertainties in its physical properties. Because of the presence of these uncertainties, value quantification requires a stochastic optimization of the reservoir production strategy, where the objective function includes a risk-aversion factor. By applying these techniques, one can generate a decision-making table that shows the benefit of implementing a technology at various confidence levels. One can then extend the analysis further to estimate the added value to the reservoir if the uncertainties were to be reduced (or even eliminated) by implementing appropriate monitoring technologies. This process enables quantification of the value of information and is useful in designing monitoring strategies.
Linear/Angular Displacement Interferometer For Wafer Stage Metrology (1989)

A dual measurement interferometer has been developed specifically for wafer stage metrology. The interferometer concurrently measures both linear and angular displacement. It is designed to conserve space, minimize stage mass, eliminate heat sources and provide high resolution and slew rate.
An optimized isolated 5V EDMOS in 55nm LPx platform for use in Power Amplifier applications (2016)

Power Amplifier (PA) modules are becoming more and more complex in modern wireless systems. In order to meet the efficiency/linearity design schemes such as Envelope elimination and restoration (EER) and Envelope tracking (ET) are increasingly becoming popular in PA applications. This paper describes an optimized isolated 5V EDMOS in 55nm Low Power extended (LPx) platform which is ideal for use in the bias modulator and controller of the PA module. Industry leading Rsp of 0.96 mohm-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for high voltage NMOS and 2.6 mohm-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the high voltage PMOS is reported. Drain to source breakdown voltages of 10.5V was achieved for these devices. Due to special considerations given to optimizing the CGD capacitance while maintaining the Rsp, high Johnson's figure of merit (fT*BVDS) of 536 GHz-V and 168 GHz-V were achieved for the NMOS and PMOS respectively.
5 WAYS to Build Lasting Interracial Friendships (1996)

Raleigh Washington, DD,is senior pastor of Rock of Our Salvation Evangelical Free Church in Chicago. He serves on the board of directors of Circle Urban Ministries and is vice president of racial reconciliation for Promise Keepers. Glen Kehrein, BA,founder and executive director of Circle Urban Ministries, is an active layman at Rock of Our Salvation Evangelical Free Church in Chicago. Community and economic development efforts and education are current focuses.
Controlled Clinical Trial of Prophylactic Human-Leukocyte Interferon in Renal Transplantation (1979)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of interferon prophylaxis against viral infections was conducted in renal-transplant recipients receiving standard immunosuprressive therapy with or without antithymocyte globulin. Interferon was administered for six weeks, beginning on the day of transplantation. Cytomegalovirus excretion began earlier and viremia was more frequent in placebo-treated than in interferon-treated patients. Cytomegalovirus viremia correlated with clinical syndromes was more frequent in recipients of antithymocyte globulin. In contrast, neither interferon nor antithymocyte globulin altered excretion of herpes simplex virus. Reversible leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in seven interferon recipients. Patient and graft survival were comparable in interferon and placebo groups. There preliminary results suggest that a six-week course of prophylactic interferon delays shedding of cytomegalovirus and decreases the incidence of viremia after transplantation. In contrast, antithymocyte globulin appears to increase the severity of infection from cytomegalovirus among these patients.
Discovery and Labeling of High-Affinity 3,4-Diarylpyrazolines as Candidate Radioligands for In Vivo Imaging of Cannabinoid Subtype-1 (CB<sub>1</sub>) Receptors (2008)

Imaging of cannabinoid subtype-1 (CB1) receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) is likely to be important for understanding their role in neuropsychiatric disorders and for drug development. Radioligands for imaging with PET are required for this purpose. We synthesized new ligands from a 3,4- diarylpyrazoline platform of which (-)-12a ((-)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-[(4-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenyl- 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine) was found to have high-affinity and selectivity for binding to CB1 receptors. (-)-12a and its lower affinity enantiomer ((+)-12a) were labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2 ) 20.4 min) using [11C]cyanide ion as labeling agent and evaluated as PET radioligands in cynomolgus monkeys. After injection of [11C](-)-12a, there was high uptake and retention of radioactivity across brain according to the rank order of CB1 receptor densities. The distomer, [11C](+)-12a, failed to give a sustained CB1 receptor-specific distribution. Polar radiometabolites of [11C](-)-12a appeared moderately slowly in plasma. Radioligand [11C](-)-12a is promising for the study of brain CB1 receptors and merits further investigation in human subjects.
Sofic systems and encoding data (1985)

Techniques of symbolic dynamics are applied to prove the existence of codes suitable for certain input-restricted channels. This generalizes the earlier work of Adler, Coppersmith, and Hassner on the same problem.
Mixing and noise in diffusion and phonon cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometers (1999)

We report a systematic, comprehensive set of measurements on the dynamics and noise processes in diffusion and phonon-cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers which will serve as ultralow noise detectors in THz heterodyne receivers. The conversion efficiency and output noise of devices of varying lengths were measured with radio frequency between 8 and 40 GHz. The devices studied consist of 100-Å-thin film Nb bridges connected to thick (1000 Å), high conductivity normal metal (Au) leads. The lengths of the devices studied range from 0.08 to 3 μm. For devices longer than the electron–phonon interaction length Le–ph≡Dτe–ph, with D the diffusion constant and τe–ph−1 the electron–phonon interaction rate, the hot electrons are cooled dominantly by the electron–phonon interaction, which in Nb is too slow for practical applications. If the device length is less than πLe–ph(≈1 μm at 4.2 K), then out diffusion of heat into the high conductivity leads dominates the cooling process. In this limit, the intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth is found to vary as L−2, with L the bridge length, as expected for diffusion cooling. The shortest device has an IF bandwidth greater than 6 GHz, the largest reported for a low-Tc superconducting bolometric mixer. The dominant component of the output noise decreases with frequency in the same manner as the conversion efficiency, consistent with a model based on thermal fluctuations. The noise bandwidth is larger than the gain bandwidth, and the mixer noise is low, ranging from 100 to 530 K (double sideband). The crossover from phonon dominated to diffusion dominated behavior is also demonstrated using noise thermometry measurements in the normal state. Scalar measurements of the device differential impedance in the intermediate state agree with a theoretical model which takes into account the thermal and electrical dynamics. We also present detailed comparisons with theoretical predictions of the output noise and conversion efficiency.
Reactions in monolayers: Base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis revisited (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions in monolayers: Base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis revisitedJamil Ahmad and K. Brian AstinCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 12, 1797–1799Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/la00102a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (366 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Role of protein kinase B in breast cancer (2006)

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that only about 20% of the familial clustering of breast cancer is explained by the known highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and BCRA2. We have set out to search for the genes for the remaining 80%. Twin studies indicate a predominant role of shared genes rather than a shared environment; the patterns of occurrence of breast cancer in families are consistent with a major polygenic component. Methods We have assembled a population based set of 5,000 breast cancer cases and 5,000 controls from the East Anglian population. We have simple clinical and epidemiological information, including family history, and samples of blood and paraffin embedded tumour. We have used association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, first with candidate genes and then in a genome-wide scan of 266,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, to search for the putative predisposing genes. We have as yet searched only for common variants (frequency >5%).
B Cell Reconstitution after Rituximab Treatment in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (2015)

The pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome is unclear. However, the efficacy of rituximab, a B cell-depleting antibody, in nephrotic syndrome suggests a pathogenic role of B cells. In this retrospective study, we determined by flow cytometry levels of B and T cell subpopulations before and after rituximab infusion in 28 pediatric patients with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. At baseline, patients had lower median percentages of transitional and mature B cells than age-matched healthy controls (P<0.001). Rituximab induced full depletion of B cells (<1% of lymphocytes). At 1 year, most patients exhibited complete total and mature B cell recovery, whereas memory B cell subsets remained significantly depleted. Total T cell concentration did not change with rituximab, whereas the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio tended to increase. Fourteen patients relapsed within 24 months, with a median follow-up of 11.2 months (interquartile range, 8-17.7 months). We observed no difference at baseline between nonrelapsing and relapsing patients in several clinical parameters and cell subset concentrations. Reconstitution of all memory B cell subpopulations, number of immunosuppressive drugs, and dose of tacrolimus during the last 4 months of follow-up were predictive of relapse in univariate Cox regression analysis. However, only delayed reconstitution of switched memory B cells, independent of immunosuppressive treatment, was protective against relapse in multivariate (P<0.01) and receiver operator characteristic (P<0.01 for percentage of lymphocytes; P=0.02 for absolute count) analyses. Evaluation of switched memory B cell recovery after rituximab may be useful for predicting relapse in patients with nephrotic syndrome.