gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Ligand, Structural, and Topological Diversity:  Isomerism in Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Coordination Polymers (2007)

Two new metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn(p-BDC)(m-bix)0.5][Zn(p-BDC)(m-bix)]·H2O (1) and [Zn(p-BDC)(m-bix)] (2) (p-BDC = terephthalate, m-bix =1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), were synthesized and characterized structurally. Both of the MOFs feature the interpenetrated two-dimensional (2D) → three-dimensional (3D) network motifs. In particular, complex 1 represents the second example of intertwining of different 2D coordination motifs, and complex 2 shows a 3-fold parallel interpenetrated framework. In addition, the spectroscopic, thermal, and fluorescence properties of complexes 1 and 2 are investigated.
Signal processing with vertically-integrated resonant tunneling diodes (2002)

Molecular-beam epitaxy was used to vertically integrate up to five InGaAs/InAlAs resonant tunneling structures. Devices processed from this heterostructure have five negative differential resistance (NDR) regions in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. One NDR region comes from the ground-state-transmission resonance in each tunneling structure. It is shown how the unique sawtooth-like I-V characteristics of this vertically integrated diode can be used for signal processing applications such as frequency multiplication, parity bit generation, and multilevel logic. An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter that is based on the vertically integrated diode is described. Simulations of this type of A/D converter show that it is capable of digitizing input signals with the digital output changing at a 30-GHz rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal and adaptive reduced-rank STAP (2000)

This paper is concerned with issues and techniques associated with the development of both optimal and adaptive (data dependent) reduced-rank signal processing architectures. Adaptive algorithms for 1D beamforming, 2D space-time adaptive processing (STAP), and 3D STAP for joint hot and cold clutter mitigation are surveyed. The following concepts are then introduced for the first time (other than workshop and conference records) and evaluated in a signal-dependent versus signal independent context: (1) the adaptive processing "region-of-convergence" as a function of sample support and rank, (2) a new variant of the cross-spectral metric (CSM) that retains dominant mode estimation in the direct-form processor (DFP) structure, and (3) the robustness of the proposed methods to the subspace "leakage" problem arising in many real-world applications. A comprehensive performance comparison is conducted both analytically and via Monte Carlo simulation which clearly demonstrates the superior theoretical compression performance of signal-dependent rank-reduction, its broader region-of-convergence, and its inherent robustness to subspace leakage.
Sequence specificity of the hammerhead ribozyme revisited; the NHH rule (1998)

The sequence specificity of hammerhead ribozyme cleavage has been re-evaluated with respect to the NUH rule. Contrary to previous reports it was found that substrates with GAC triplets were also cleaved. This was established in three different sequence contexts. The rate of cleavage under single turnover conditions was between 3 and 7% that of cleavage 3' of GUC. Specificity of cleavage of substrates containing a central A in the cleavable triplet can be described as NAH, where N can be any nucleotide and H any nucleotide but G. As cleavage 3' of NCH triplets has recently been described, the NUH rule can be reformulated to NHH.
Di- and tetrafunctional initiators for the living ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization of strained cyclic olefins (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDi- and tetrafunctional initiators for the living ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization of strained cyclic olefinsWilhelm Risse, David R. Wheeler, Louis F. Cannizzo, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 8, 3205–3210Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00198a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00198a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Truncated SNAP-25 (1–197), Like Botulinum Neurotoxin A, Can Inhibit Insulin Secretion from HIT-T15 Insulinoma Cells (1998)

We and others have previously shown that insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas express high levels of SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa), a 206-amino acid t-SNARE (target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) implicated in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. In the present study, we show that SNAP-25 is required for insulin secretion by transient transfection of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) into insulin-secreting HIT-T15 cells. Transient expression of BoNT/A cleaved the endogenous as well as overexpressed SNAP-25 proteins and caused significant reductions in K+ and glucose-evoked secretion of insulin. To determine whether the inhibition of release was due to the depletion of functional SNAP-25 or the accumulation of proteolytic by-products, we transfected cells with SNAP-25 proteins from which the C-terminal nine amino acids had been deleted to mimic the effects of the toxin. This modified SNAP-25 (amino acids 1-197) remained bound to the plasma membrane but was as effective as the toxin at inhibiting insulin secretion. Microfluorimetry revealed that the inhibition of secretion was due neither to changes in basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels nor in Ca2+ influx evoked by K(+)-mediated plasma membrane depolarization. Electron microscopy revealed that cells transfected with either BoNT/A or truncated SNAP-25 contained significantly higher numbers of insulin granules, many of which clustered close to the plasma membrane. Together, these results demonstrate that functional SNAP-25 proteins are required for insulin secretion and suggest that the inhibitory action of BoNT/A toxin on insulin secretion is in part caused by the production of the plasma membrane-bound cleavage product, which itself interferes with insulin granule docking and fusion.
Cell lines from larvae of Aedes (Stegomyia) Malayensis colless and Aedes (S) pseudoscutellaris (Theobald) and their infection with some arboviruses (1974)

Abstract The establishment of 2 cell lines from first stage larvae of the mosquitoes, Aedes malayensis and Aedes pseudoscutellaris is described. The cells of the A. malayensis line are diploid while those of A. pseudoscutellaris are predominantly polyploid. West Nile and Japanese B encephalitis viruses produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the A. malayensis cells. Both these viruses and Dengue-2 virus also produced a cytopathic effect in the A. pseudoscutellaris cells. There was some evidence that the CPE was influenced by the nature of the container. A. malayensis cells of early subcultures grown in Falcon plastic flasks formed large syncytia while those of later subcultures infected under identical conditions produced only small syncytia. Cells of the A. malayensis line grown on glass did not show any cytopathic response in early subcultures, but in cells of higher subcultures grown on glass, the viruses produced a definite CPE presenting as degenerate clumps of cells and floating single cells. It is suggested that the different result is due to continual adaptation of the cells to the culture conditions in the early stages. Cells of the A. pseudoscutellaris line, following infection with viruses formed syncytia, clearly visible on plastic surfaces, but less obvious on glass. An unadapted strain of Dengue-2 in infected human serum produced syncytia in the cells, but did not produce any plaques in a stable line in pig kidney cells. The infected cultures recovered after some days and formed healthy monolayers. Such cells were subcultured without showing any cytopathic response, but continued to produce virus.
Winding of single-walled carbon nanotube ropes: An effective load transfer (2007)

The strength of single-walled carbon nanotube ropes is enhanced by a factor of 6 via a winding procedure. A stepwise structure seen at a load-strain profile is explained based on an intermittent fracture mechanism.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of new pyrrolo[2,3- <i>d</i> ] pyrimidine derivatives as Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2012)

In this study, the synthesis and potential enzyme interactions of new Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives along with their inhibitory activity against SFK enzymes such as Fyn, Lyn, Hck, and c-Src were reported. The results indicated that compounds were slightly active of tested SFK enzymes in comparison with PP2 for Fyn, A-419259 for Lyn and CGP77675 for c-Src. Compound N-((2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanamide (5) was identified as a non-selective slight inhibitor against Fyn, Lyn and c-Src. However, compounds did not show any inhibitory effects on Hck. Docking studies were performed to analyze the binding mode of compounds against SFKs. The best interaction was obtained between compound 5 and the active site of Fyn and c-Src enzymes in comparison with reference compounds PP2 and CGP77675, respectively.
4‐methoxy substituted trityl groups in 6‐<i>O</i> protection of cellulose: Homogeneous synthesis, characterization, detritylation (1996)

Abstract The reaction of cellulose with methoxy‐substituted triphenylmethyl chlorides under homogeneous conditions in the presence of pyridine was carried out with the aim to develop new protective groups for cellulose simply introducable and completely removable under mild conditions. The obtained cellulose ethers dissolve well in solvents such as N , N ‐dimethylformamide, N , N ‐dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4‐dioxane and tetrahydrofuran and show a high 6‐ O selectivity. The study proves that the speed of tritylation as well as of detritylation increases in the order unsubstituted trityl/monomethoxytrityl/dimethoxytrityl/trimethoxytrityl. The substituent distribution of the methoxy‐substituted triphenylmethyl ethers of cellulose was determined by means of 13 C NMR spectroscopy of the polymers and by high‐performance liquid chromatography after chain‐degradation. Since the methoxy substituted trityl groups were introduced faster and removed easier than the unsubstituted trityl group, they are, therefore, useful tools for a regioselective synthesis of 2,3‐functionalized cellulose derivatives.
Understanding program performance using temporal vertical profiles (2005)

Modern programming languages support a rich set of features that provide significant software engineering benefits. However, these features often degrade performance and require complex and multilayered runtime systems. These runtime systems interact with the application, making it harder to understand and tune overall system performance. Thus, understanding the performance of modern systems requires profiling information spanning all levels of the execution stack, such as the hardware, operating system, virtual machine, and application. 
In this work we introduce a methodology, called temporal vertical profiling, that enables this level of understanding. We illustrate the efficacy of this approach by providing deep understanding of performance problems of a number of Java applications running on a virtual machine with vertical profiling support. Even with our methodology, this task is labor intensive. To alleviate this problem, we present techniques to automate parts of the temporal vertical profiling approach. 
Our methodology is based on the reasoning about relationships between the temporal traces of performance metric values measured in the various subsystems on all layers of a computer system. We show how to automate important steps of our methodology: Our trace alignment technique aligns traces obtained from separate runs so that one can reason across the traces; and our correlation-based ranking and causality-based filtering techniques sift through hundreds of metrics to find ones that have a bearing on a performance anomaly of interest. We implemented these techniques in our temporal vertical profiling infrastructure and were able to significantly speed up the search for the causes of bad performance. 
By incorporating temporal vertical profiling into a programming environment, programmers will be able to understand how their programs interact with the underlying abstraction levels, from application server, virtual machine, and operating system, all the way down to the hardware.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STEROIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BURSA FABRICII IN CHICK EMBRYOS<sup>1</sup> (1961)

The effects of various androgen-like steroids on the development of the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus and spleen were studied in chick embryos. Varying doses of the hormones, ranging from 0.05 mg. to 1.5 mg., were injected in oil solution into the albumin portion of developing eggs on the 5th day of incubation. Autopsies were performed on the 19th day of incubation. Of the compounds tested, dihydrotestosterone proved to be the most active in terms of inhibiting the development of the bursa, using the degree of reduction of the tissue weight as the criterion of activity. Several of the other less potent compounds were grouped in the order of decreasing activity as follows: a) androsterone, androstane-3,17-dione, b) 19-nortestosterone, testosteronecyclo- pentyl-propionate, methylandrostenediol, and c) testosterone. An attempt was made to relate the relative activities of these compounds in causing bursal inhibition to their structural configurations. For example, those androgens with a completely reduced steroid nucleus were shown to be the most active. The development of the thymus and spleen was not affected by any of the compounds at the doses employed.
Carbon–carbon bond formation in the dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel-catalysed reaction between Grignard reagents and allylic alcohols (1968)

C. Chuit, H. Felkin, C. Frajerman, G. Roussi and G. Swierczewski, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1604 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001604
Multiple 16QAM signals generation at 40Gbit/s using a novel transmitter (2009)

We propose a scheme of multiple 16QAM signals generation at 40 Gbit/s using a novel transmitter. The scheme is based on a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) and a following phase modulator (PM). We demonstrate the proposed transmitter by VPI simulation and three types of 16QAM signals are obtained, which shows the feasibility of the transmitter. In order to further investigate the transmission performance, the generated 16QAM signals are transmitted through 80-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and detected by a coherent receiver and error free performance is achieved.
Analysis of chromosomal changes in serous ovarian carcinoma using high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization: Potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease (2006)

The mechanism of drug resistance in cancer is multifactorial, and the accumulation of multiple genetic changes may lead to drug-resistant phenotypes. This study sought to determine characteristic genetic changes in chemoresistant serous ovarian carcinomas using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and identified genomic aberrations that could be used as predictive markers of chemoresistant disease. Seventeen primary ovarian tumors from optimally debulked stage IIIc serous ovarian carcinoma patients were analyzed using aCGH. Ten patients had chemoresistant disease (progression within 12 months of initial chemotherapy), whereas seven patients had chemosensitive disease (no recurrence for more than 36 months). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to select chromosomal aberrations that could help distinguish chemoresistant disease from chemosensitive disease. In 17 tumors, frequent increases in DNA copy number were seen on 1p36.33, 3q26.2, 8q24.3, 10q26.3, 12p11.21, 20q13.33, and 21q22.3, and frequent losses were observed on 4p12, 5q13.2, 7q11.21, 8p23.1, 14q32.33, Xq13.3, and Xq21.31. The gains on 5p15.33 and 14q11.2, and losses on 4q34.2, 4q35.2, 5q15, 8p21.1, 8p21.2, 11p15.5, 13q14.13, 13q14.2, 13q32.1, 13q34, 16q22.2, 17p11.2, 17p12, and 22q12.3 were more frequent in chemoresistant disease. The losses on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 had the largest areas under the curve (AUC 0.90 and 0.85, respectively). The most reliable combination of chromosomal aberrations for detecting chemoresistant disease was the loss on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 (AUC 0.950). Our findings suggest that these chromosomal aberrations are potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease in patients with serous ovarian carcinomas.
Gas Chromatography/Matrix Isolation/Infrared Spectroscopy: An Evaluation of the Performance Potential (1979)

The performance potential of a matrix-isolation GC/IR system is evaluated. The discussion covers design objectives, components, and the ultimate performance which should be achievable. Improved design of sample-deposition systems should lead to identifiable IR spectra from nanogram amounts of organic compounds collected from capillary column gas chromatographs.
Modern Augmented Reality: Applications, Trends, and Future Directions (2022)

Augmented reality (AR) is one of the relatively old, yet trending areas in the intersection of computer vision and computer graphics with numerous applications in several areas, from gaming and entertainment, to education and healthcare. Although it has been around for nearly fifty years, it has seen a lot of interest by the research community in the recent years, mainly because of the huge success of deep learning models for various computer vision and AR applications, which made creating new generations of AR technologies possible. This work tries to provide an overview of modern augmented reality, from both application-level and technical perspective. We first give an overview of main AR applications, grouped into more than ten categories. We then give an overview of around 100 recent promising machine learning based works developed for AR systems, such as deep learning works for AR shopping (clothing, makeup), AR based image filters (such as Snapchat's lenses), AR animations, and more. In the end we discuss about some of the current challenges in AR domain, and the future directions in this area.
Optimization techniques on Riemannian manifolds (1995)

The techniques and analysis presented in this paper provide new methods to solve optimization problems posed on Riemannian manifolds.A new point of view is offered for the solution of constrained optimization problems.Some classical optimization techniques on Euclidean space are generalized to Riemannian manifolds.Several algorithms are presented and their convergence properties are analyzed employing the Riemannian structure of the manifold.Specifically, two apparently new algorithms, which can be thought of as Newton's method and the conjugate gradient method on Riemannian manifolds, are presented and shown to possess, respectively, quadratic and superlinear convergence.Examples of each method on certain Riemannian manifolds are given with the results of numerical experiments.Rayleigh's quotient defined on the sphere is one example.It is shown that Newton's method applied to this function converges cubically, and that the Rayleigh quotient iteration is an efficient approximation of Newton's method.The Riemannian version of the conjugate gradient method applied to this function gives a new algorithm for finding the eigenvectors corresponding to the extreme eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix.Another example arises from extremizing the function tr Θ T QΘN on the special orthogonal group.In a similar example, it is shown that Newton's method applied to the sum of the squares of the off-diagonal entries of a symmetric matrix converges cubically.
Prototyping and simulation tools for user/computer dialogue design (1980)

The design and development of user interfaces to interactive computer systems is enhanced by permitting designers to easily express their design concepts in concrete, comprehensive, and comprehensible working models. A set of prototyping and simulation tools has been developed to be used as an integral part of the specification and design process. These include an interactive display building utility and a syntax-driven interactive dialogue controller. The display builder is used to develop initial conceptual snapshots of system display appearance at selected points in the user/system dialogue. The dialogue controller interprets a grammatical description of input tools and system logic, using predrawn and dynamically constructed displays to simulate the external appearance of the desired end system.
Statistical Pruning for Near-Maximum Likelihood Decoding (2007)

In many communications problems, maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding reduces to finding the closest (skewed) lattice point in N-dimensions to a given point xisin C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> . In its full generality, this problem is known to be NP-complete. Recently, the expected complexity of the sphere decoder, a particular algorithm that solves the ML problem exactly, has been computed. An asymptotic analysis of this complexity has also been done where it is shown that the required computations grow exponentially in N for any fixed SNR. At the same time, numerical computations of the expected complexity show that there are certain ranges of rates, SNRs and dimensions N for which the expected computation (counted as the number of scalar multiplications) involves no more than N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> computations. However, when the dimension of the problem grows too large, the required computations become prohibitively large, as expected from the asymptotic exponential complexity. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that, for large N, offers substantial computational savings over the sphere decoder, while maintaining performance arbitrarily close to ML. We statistically prune the search space to a subset that, with high probability, contains the optimal solution, thereby reducing the complexity of the search. Bounds on the error performance of the new method are proposed. The complexity of the new algorithm is analyzed through an upper bound. The asymptotic behavior of the upper bound for large N is also analyzed which shows that the upper bound is also exponential but much lower than the sphere decoder. Simulation results show that the algorithm is much more efficient than the original sphere decoder for smaller dimensions as well, and does not sacrifice much in terms of performance