gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical and structural studies of Ge nanocrystals embedded in AlN matrix fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (1999)

We have fabricated Ge nanostructures buried in a matrix of AlN grown on Si(111) by pulsed laser deposition at the substrate temperature of 500 °C. The characterization of these structures was performed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. The HRTEM results show that the Ge islands are single crystal with a pyramidal shape. The average size of Ge islands was determined to be ∼15 nm, which could be varied by controlling laser deposition and substrate parameters. The Raman spectrum showed a peak of the Ge–Ge vibrational mode downward shifted up to 295 cm−1 which is caused by quantum confinement of phonons in the Ge dots. The photoluminescence of the Ge dots (size ∼15 nm) was blueshifted by ∼0.266 eV from the bulk Ge value of 0.73 eV at 77 K, resulting in a distinct peak at ∼1.0 eV. The transmission measurements carried out on different samples having Ge dot sizes of 7, 8, and 13 nm deposited on sapphire substrate showed the above band edge transitions of Ge, which were also blueshifted in accordance with the quantum confinement effect. The importance of pulsed laser deposition in fabricating novel nanostructures is emphasized.
Synthesis of homoadenosine-6'-phosphonic acid and studies of its substrate and inhibitor properties with adenosine monophosphate utilizing enzymes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of homoadenosine-6'-phosphonic acid and studies of its substrate and inhibitor properties with adenosine monophosphate utilizing enzymesAlexander Hampton, Florian Perini, and Peter J. HarperCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 9, 1730–1736Publication Date (Print):April 24, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 24 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00733a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00733a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
False alarms in a slit-scan flow system: causes and occurrence rates. Implications and potential solutions. (1979)

A slit-scan technique was developed as a basis for an automated prescreening system for gynecologic cytology. A flow system based on this technique was fabricated and tested and results indicated that false alarms (misclassification of objects or events from normal specimens as abnormal) are the greatest remaining obstacle to development of an automated prescreening instrument. A dual view correlation system was fabricated to provide exact image-contour correlation in flow and permit precise determination of causes and occurrence rates of false alarms. This paper presents data from correlation analyses of 23 normal cytologic specimens. Major causes of false alarms and their implications to automated prescreening are discussed. A technique that would eliminate the majority of false alarms in flow is presented.
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION: DETERMINANTS OF SPECIFICITY (1990)

I NTRODUCTION 189 A REPERTOIRE OF FRAMESHIFT M ODELS 190 Additions or Deletions Mediated by a Single Misalignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Mutations Mediated by Multiple Misalignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Frameshifts at Nicks: A Role for Misiigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 OUTLOOK 206
Office Surgery Incidents: What Seven Years of Florida Data Show Us (2008)

Plastic surgeons were responsible for an inordinate number of deaths and hospital transfers. Requiring physician board certification and physician hospital privileges would not seem to increase safety, because most physicians already have these credentials, and physicians without these credentials were not responsible for a disproportionate share of incidents. These data do not show an emergent hazard to patients from medically necessary office surgery. Liposuction under general anesthesia deserves continued scrutiny because deaths due to this procedure continue to occur and this procedure can be performed with dilute local anesthesia, with which no deaths were reported. Mandatory reporting of office incidents should be strongly supported, as well as reporting of incidents that occur after surgery in the hospital outpatient department and ambulatory surgery center. These data should be available for analysis after protecting patient confidentiality. A national debate needs to occur to determine how many deaths and injuries are acceptable from cosmetic procedures performed under general and intravenous anesthesia.
World Wide Wait: A Study of Internet Scalability and Cache-Based Approaches to Alleviate It (2003)

The Internet is growing rapidly in terms of both use and infrastructure. Unfortunately, demand is outpacing the capacity of the infrastructure, as evidenced by unacceptably long response times. To support current load and further growth, we must address this problem. Several caching strategies have been proposed in the literature; many have been implemented to improve the quality of service on the Web. In this paper, we identify the main causes of delay on the Web, and provide a review of the various caching strategies employed to mitigate these delays. We also survey the application of Operations Research/Management Science (OR/MS) techniques to caching on the Web. Finally, we identify several open OR/MS research problems related to Web caching.
Distributed object sharing for cluster-based Java virtual machine (2004)

of thesis entitled “Distributed Object Sharing for Cluster-based Java Virtual Machine” submitted by Fang Weijian for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in 2004 Java has already become one of the most popular programming languages since its debut. Recent advances in Java compilation and execution technologies have further pushed Java into the arena of high performance parallel and distributed computing. On the other hand, the computer cluster has gradually been accepted as a scalable and affordable parallel computing platform by both academia and industry in recent years. We were therefore inspired to design a cluster-based Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that can run unmodified multi-threaded Java applications on a computer cluster, where Java threads can be automatically distributed to different computer nodes to achieve high parallelism and leverage cluster-wide resources such as memory and network bandwidth. In a cluster-based JVM, the shared memory nature of Java threads calls for a global object space (GOS) that “virtualizes” a single Java object heap spanning the cluster to facilitate transparent distributed object sharing. The performance of the cluster-based JVM hinges on the GOS’s ability to minimize the communication and coordination overheads in maintaining the single object heap illusion.
Effect of the Somatostatin Analogue SMS 201–995 on ATP-Dependent Calcium Transport of Basolateral Vesicles from Human Duodenum (1987)

Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) were simultaneously prepared from surgically resected pieces of morphologically intact human duodenum with a modified Percoll gradient centrifugation method. Alkaline phosphatase was enriched 20-fold in BBMV, whereas (Na+ + K+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase was enriched 15-fold in BLMV. BBMV and BLMV were preincubated with 3 microM synthetic somatostatin-14 or 3 microM SMS 201-995 for 10 min at 5 degrees C. In BBMV calcium, sodium, D-glucose, L-alanine, and D-mannitol uptake was unaffected by somatostatin-14 and SMS 201-995. In BLMV we found two Ca++ transport systems: Na+/Ca++ exchange and ATP-driven Ca++ transport. Somatostatin-14 had no effect on either of the two transport mechanisms. SMS 201-995 had no effect on Na+/Ca++ exchange but significantly inhibited basolateral ATP-dependent Ca++ transport (-40% +/- 5%, p less than 0.005).
The Pretrial Discovery Process in Civil Cases: A Comparison of Evidence Discovery between China and the United States (2014)

This article compares and contrasts the pre-trial discovery mechanisms used in China and the United States, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Although both use similar discovery tools, like requests to inspect evidence and expert examination of the parties, their discovery systems vary greatly. Ultimately, China prefers that judges largely conduct discovery, that the parties mutually select expert witnesses, and that the primary objective is to determine the truth, even at the expense of finality. Conversely, the United States prefers a much more adversarial system, in which the parties collect the evidence, submit motions to the court, and select partisan expert witnesses. Unlike China, the United States also gives substantial weight to finality, prohibiting retrials at the appellate level, but permitting appellate review to ensure substantial justice is achieved. While the Chinese discovery system is efficient and fair, the burden on the Chinese judge to collect evidence is too great and threatens neutrality. To combat this, China should improve the parties’ ability to discover evidence. Conversely, although the U.S. system produces zealous advocacy and extensive information, the parties are plagued by lengthy and expensive discovery procedures. Consequently, the United States needs to minimize excessive discovery with judicially determined limits.
Synthesis of α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid from Isobutylene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid from IsobutyleneO. VOGLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 10, 1488–1489Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01104a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01104a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Targeted Testing and Augmentation Therapy: A Canadian Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2012)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) functions primarily to inhibit neutrophil elastase, and deficiency predisposes individuals to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Severe A1AT deficiency occurs in one in 5000 to one in 5500 of the North American population. While the exact prevalence of A1AT deficiency in patients with diagnosed COPD is not known, results from small studies provide estimates of 1% to 5%. The present document updates a previous Canadian Thoracic Society position statement from 2001, and was initiated because of lack of consensus and understanding of appropriate patients suitable for targeted testing for A1AT deficiency, and for the use of A1AT augmentation therapy. Using revised guideline development methodology, the present clinical practice guideline document systematically reviews the published literature and provides an evidence-based update. The evidence supports the practice that targeted testing for A1AT deficiency be considered in individuals with COPD diagnosed before 65 years of age or with a smoking history of <20 pack years. The evidence also supports consideration of A1AT augmentation therapy in nonsmoking or exsmoking patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 25% to 80% predicted) attributable to emphysema and documented A1AT deficiency (level ≤11 µmol⁄L) who are receiving optimal pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies (including comprehensive case management and pulmonary rehabilitation) because of benefits in computed tomography scan lung density and mortality.
Effect of Some Fabric and Sewing Conditions on Apparel Seam Characteristics (2013)

Many previous studies showed that seam appearance as well as performance depends on the interrelationship of fabrics, threads, and the stitch/seam selection and lastly on the sewing conditions, which include the needle size, needle thread tension, stitch density, and the appropriate operation and maintenance of the sewing machine. Present investigation elucidates the effect of blend composition, sewing thread size, and sewing needle parameters on garment seam characteristics (i.e., seam strength, seam strength efficiency, seam puckering, seam stiffness, and drape coefficient). The seam quality characterization is studied through the L9 orthogonal design methodology. In good quality apparels, compatibility of the seams with the functional requirement is very important for serviceability and life of the apparel. Reversibility as well as repairing of seams in the apparel is very limited in the condition of seam failure. Seam strength efficiency is higher for the uniform fiber matrix in the structure of fabrics. The polyester dominated suiting fabrics give minimum seam stiffness because polyester component has low flexural rigidity. The cotton dominated suiting fabrics have less seam puckering due to increase in fabric stiffness.
Locally Modulated Structures of Fluorite-Related Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Solid Solutions (1997)

Modulated structures formed in defect fluorite-type (Y2O3)1 − x(Nb2O5)x (0.21 ≤ x ≤ 0.27) solid solutions have been investigated by electron diffraction. [1{\bar 1}0] diffraction patterns showed a pair of diffuse spots in the [11{\bar 2}] direction at both sides of the ½½½ reciprocal-lattice point. The distance between the diffuse spots decreased from 0.064 to 0.045 Å−1 with increasing x from 0.21 to 0.27. High-resolution electron microscopy images revealed the existence of small domains with an antiphase structure. The two-dimensional antiphase structure projected on the (1{\bar 1}0) plane is described by compositional waves of Y3+/Nb5+ and O2−/vacancy and displacive waves of Y3+ + Nb5+ and O2− along the [11{\bar 2}] direction. The composition at cation sites is expressed by a sinusoidal wave with occupation changes between Y and 0.58Y + 0.42Nb. The occupational probability of O at anion sites is also expressed by a sinusoidal wave with occupation changes between 0.806 and 0.904. Amplitudes of the displacive waves for anions and cations were determined to be about 0.3 and 0.02 Å, respectively.
The SENEX Project: knowledge representation in molecular pathology. (1992)

SENEX is a computer program for students, educators, and research investigators in the domain of molecular pathology. The application allows an individual to ask a sequence of questions in a single interactive session, thereby facilitating the development and testing of several hypotheses in a short period of time. Graphical representations of molecules and molecular events help enable individuals to grasp spatial and functional relationships (and in the future, temporal relationships) among molecules, cellular compartments, and cell regions. Fairly simple but well-defined reasoning capabilities allow an individual to ask sophisticated questions and to predict novel molecular events or pathways. SENEX contains information about: 1) molecules and the motifs that impart function to these molecules; 2) molecular events; 3) cell-specific expression of genes; 4) disease processes. SENEX is being developed through object-oriented programming in a portable programming environment supported by COMMON LISP and the COMMON LISP INTERFACE MANAGER.
Bonding of Si3N4 Ceramics and an Fe-26Cr Alloy Using Titanium Foils and a Nickel Interlayer (1987)

LIPO showed less toxic effects in the HEI-OC1 cells compared to CDDP at anti-tumoral doses.
Direct Conversion of Haloarenes to Phenols under Mild, Transition-Metal-Free Conditions (2016)

A high-yielding and practical method for the synthesis of phenols from electron-deficient haloarenes and heteroarenes has been developed. The products are formed from acetohydroxamic acid as the hydroxide source via a novel SNAr reaction/Lossen rearrangement sequence. Notably, these reactions employ inexpensive and air-stable reagents, require no special handling, occur under mildly basic conditions, and form products in high yields in the presence of electrophilic and protic functionality. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by the high-yielding hydroxylation of two base-sensitive complex substrates.
Convenient Test Using a Combination of Chelating Agents for Detection of Metallo-β-Lactamases in the Clinical Laboratory (2007)

Although transmissible metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are a serious threat to beta-lactam antibiotic therapy, the CLSI currently does not recommend testing methods for the detection of MBLs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of double-disk tests (DDTs) by using disks containing a combination of the chelators 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and Tris-EDTA (TE) to detect MBLs. Sixteen isolates (4 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 1 Serratia marcescens isolate, 1 Aeromonas hydrophila isolate, 1 Aeromonas veronii isolate, 2 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum isolates, and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolate) producing IMP-1, IMP-1-like, IMP-18, GIM-1, SPM-1, VIM-2, VIM-2-like, and chromosomal MBLs and 20 isolates (7 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 3 Escherichia coli isolates, 5 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, 2 S. marcescens isolates, 1 Proteus mirabilis isolate, and 2 A. baumannii isolates) producing non-MBL carbapenemases, AmpC beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were tested. The DDT method was evaluated by using four types of chelator disks (TE, high-strength TE, MPA, and TE plus 20 microl of MPA [at various concentrations]) and the beta-lactams imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MEM), ertapenem (ERT), and ceftazidime (CAZ). DDTs with IPM and a TE disk supplemented with 1:320 MPA detected all MBLs and yielded no false-positive results. Some, but not all, MBL producers were detected in IPM-based tests involving the single chelator TE or MPA alone or by ERT- or CAZ-based tests. IPM-based tests with MPA concentrations other than 1:320 and all MEM-based tests had suboptimal sensitivities or specificities. DDT with IPM and a TE disk supplemented with 20 microl of 1:320 MPA appears to be convenient for the detection of MBLs in the clinical laboratory.
On the determination of redox potentials of highly reactive aromatic mono- and multications (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the determination of redox potentials of highly reactive aromatic mono- and multicationsMichael Dietrich and Juergen HeinzeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5142–5145Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts