gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance measurement for parallel and distributed programs: a structured and automatic approach (1989)

Novel approaches are presented for designing performance measurement systems for parallel and distributed programs. The first approach involves unifying performance information into a single, regular structure that reflects the structure of programs under measurement. The authors define a hierarchical model for the execution of parallel and distributed programs as a framework for the performance measurement. A complete different levels of detail in the hierarchy. The second approach is based on the development of automatic guidance techniques that can direct users to the location of performance problems in the program. Guidance information from such techniques supplies facts about problems in the program and provides possible answers for the further improvement of program efficiency. A performance measurement system, called IPS, has been developed as a prototype of the authors' model and design. Some of the test results from IPS are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
梦里星光 BMW X3雪地体验记 (2007)

一款车型要延续生命,靠的不仅是上乘的品质,更重要的是品牌精神与诚信,它会将这种车款在人们心中的位置牢牢占据,让人们在梦里也会喊出它的名字……配置提升迅速,品质延续 BMW 经典Off-Road 依旧不理想,都市多功能车优势不在于此
Top-Down Approach for the Direct Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparins Using LC-FT-MS (2012)

Low molecular heparins (LMWHs) are structurally complex, heterogeneous, polydisperse, and highly negatively charged mixtures of polysaccharides. The direct characterization of LMWH is a major challenge for currently available analytical technologies. Electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful tool for the characterization complex biological samples in the fields of proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics. LC-MS has been applied to the analysis of heparin oligosaccharides, separated by size exclusion, reversed phase ion-pairing chromatography, and chip-based amide hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). However, there have been limited applications of ESI-LC-MS for the direct characterization of intact LMWHs (top-down analysis) due to their structural complexity, low ionization efficiency, and sulfate loss. Here we present a simple and reliable HILIC-Fourier transform (FT)-ESI-MS platform to characterize and compare two currently marketed LMWH products using the top-down approach requiring no special sample preparation steps. This HILIC system relies on cross-linked diol rather than amide chemistry, affording highly resolved chromatographic separations using a relatively high percentage of acetonitrile in the mobile phase, resulting in stable and high efficiency ionization. Bioinformatics software (GlycReSoft 1.0) was used to automatically assign structures within 5-ppm mass accuracy.
Polysaccharides of the Genus <i>Bacillus</i> Cross-Reactive with the Capsular Polysaccharides of <i>Diplococcus pneumoniae</i> Type III, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b, and <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Group A (1973)

We studied 174 strains of the genus Bacillus for cross-reacting antigens to the capsular polysaccharides of groups A and C meningococcus, types I and III pneumococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Cross-reactions were detected by immunodiffusion in agarose gel by using type-specific antisera and confirmed by absorption and inhibition experiments. Of 20 Bacillus pumilis strains, six had an antigen cross-reacting with group A meningococcal polysaccharide. Other cross-reactions included one strain of B. pumilis with H. influenzae type b, one of B. cereus var. mycoides with pneumococcus type III, and one of B. alvei with both type b and SIII polysaccharides. These cross-reacting antigens are polysaccharides of vegetative cells and may be extracellular in location. Because these bacilli have antigens cross-reacting with the virulence factors of pyogenic bacteria, they may, as normal flora, be an antigenic stimulus for "natural" serum anti-capsular antibodies to the type b Haemophilus and group A meningococcus polysaccharides.
Studies on the Vanadium-Catalyzed Nonoxidative Depolymerization of Miscanthus giganteus-Derived Lignin (2013)

Lignin samples isolated from Miscanthus giganteus using organosolv processes were treated with vanadium catalysts that were previously developed in our group. We demonstrate that the catalyst with high β-O-4′ bond-cleaving activity in dimeric lignin models was also effective in depolymerizing actual lignin. Molecular weight-lowering was evidenced by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), whereas 2D NMR experiments showed that β-O-4′ linkages were selectively cleaved in the degradation process, just as in the case of lignin models. Monophenolic degradation products were also formed, and the individual molecules were identified and quantified by GC/MS.
Chemical analysis of deposits formed on the reactor walls during silicon and metal gate etching processes (2006)

One major challenge in plasma etching processes for integrated circuit’s fabrication is to achieve wafer-to-wafer repeatability. This requires an excellent control of the plasma chamber wall conditions. For gate etching processes this is achieved by cleaning the interior surfaces of the plasma chamber with appropriate plasma chemistries after each wafer is etched. This strategy relies on the knowledge of the chemical composition of the layer coated on the reactor walls after the etching process. However, this is generally not the case and the chemical nature of this layer varies significantly with the etching conditions. In particular, the chemical nature of the coatings formed on the reactor walls during gate etching processes, which require up to seven successive etching steps in different plasma chemistries, has never been investigated in detail. In addition, the introduction of metals and high k in the gate stack can lead to types of coatings on the reactor walls. In the present article, we have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to monitor the chemical nature of the layers coated on the reactor walls after each step of silicon gate patterning steps. The results are compared to a metal (TiN) gate etching process, which includes nine different etching steps.
Using Microsoft Windows Media Player 11 (2006)

Windowsi¾ Media Player 11 is the latesti¾ update to Microsoft'si¾ popular digital media player program. WMP11 offers a giant step forward in features and ease-of-use, and many critics are calling it the best media player software available today.With all its new features and functions, how do you use WMP11 to do what you need to do? How do you rip songs to your hard drive, or burn music CDs, or watch DVDs and downloaded videos? And what other new features are included?Those questions and more are answered in the newi¾ Digital Shortcuti¾ Using Windows Media Player 11, from best-selling author Michael Miller.i¾ Using Windows Media Player 11i¾ is a detailed how-to guide for WMP11 -- the kind of instruction manual that users wish would have come with the program.Readers will learn how to use WMP11 to:- Organize their digital music libraries- Play back digital music and movies- Create custom playlists- Edit the information stored on music metadata tags- Rip music from CDs to hard disk- Burn custom music CDs- Sync their music to a portable music player- Organize and display digital photos- Purchase and download music from Microsoft's new URGE music service Everythingi¾ youi¾ needi¾ toi¾ knowi¾ abouti¾ the new Windows Media Player 11 is described in this Digital Shortcut. Using Windows Media Player 11 isi¾ thei¾ ideali¾ guidei¾ fori¾ newi¾ WMP usersi¾ --i¾ ori¾ fori¾ anyonei¾ consideringi¾ thei¾ upgrade!
Surgical site infection (2013)

Objective: To assess the post operative wound complication after open cholecystectomy for uncomplicated Cholelithiasis. Design: Cross sectional descriptive. Setting: Surgical unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan. Patients: 223 patients underwent elective open cholecystectomy January 2011 to July 2012. Results: 90% patients had normal healing (grade 0 or I) ,7.5% had minor complications (grade II or III), 2.5% patients had major complication (grade IV or V) recorded during hospital stay. On follow-up in out-patient department 81%patients found to have normal healing (grade 0 or I), 15% patients had minor complications (grade II or III) and 4% patients had major complications (grade IV or V). There was an increase noted in wound grades during follow up for surgical site infections as compared to their record during hospital stay. Conclusions: Southampton wound scoring system is a useful tool for detection of surgical site infection and standardization. Auditing of surgical site infection by Southampton wound scoring will help the patient, surgical team and sterilization protocol to be improved.
Conflict-free access for streams in multimodule memories (1995)

Address transformation schemes, such as skewing and linear transformations, have been proposed to achieve conflict-free access for streams with constant stride. However, this is achieved only for some strides. In this paper, we extend these schemes to achieve this conflict-free access for a larger number of strides. The basic idea is to perform an out-of-order access to a stream of fixed length. This stream is then stored in a local memory and used in subsequent instructions. This mode of operation is suitable for vector processors and for processors with decoupled access. The scheme and mode of operation proposed produce the largest possible number of conflict-free strides. Memory systems with any ratio between the number of memory modules and memory latency are considered. The hardware for address calculations and access control is described and shown to be of similar complexity as that required for access in order.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atlanta, revised Atlanta, and Determinant-based classification – application in a cohort of Portuguese patients with acute pancreatitis (2015)

Recent classifications proved to be more accurate in predicting important clinical outcomes in patients with AP.
Characterization of the immunosuppressive effects of nitric oxide in graft vs host disease. (1993)

The generation of nitric oxide (.N = O) during in vitro assays involving lymphocyte-macrophage interaction can result in profound inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. The present study examined whether .N = O synthesis plays a role in the suppression observed in immune function assays during graft vs host disease (GvHD). By using a parent to F1 model to induce GvHD (C57BL/6J to C57BL/6J x DBA 2J F1), a mild but transient increase in serum NO2- plus NO3- levels was observed on day 12 after inoculation. Resident peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice with GvHD demonstrated enhanced .N = O synthesis in response to LPS, compared with control F1 peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, when splenocytes from GvHD mice were cultured with Con A or LPS enhanced supernatant NO2- levels were observed, compared with control F1 mice. Addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA), a competitive inhibitor of .N = O synthesis, resulted in decreased NO2- levels and greatly enhanced proliferation in response to Con A. Addition of NMA to LPS-stimulated cultures did not enhance proliferation, perhaps as the result of the paucity of B cells in the GvHD population. LPS-induced .N = O synthesis by GvHD splenocytes was blocked by anti-IFN-gamma mAb, whereas Con A-induced .N = O synthesis was relatively unaffected by similar concentrations of anti-IFN-gamma mAb, suggesting different mechanisms of induction of .N = O synthesis. A proliferative response of splenocytes from mice with GvHD to third-party alloantigen was not detectable, even in the presence of NMA. The suppression observed when splenocytes from GvHD animals were added to control TNP-modified self cultures was partially reversed in the presence of NMA. These results demonstrate that .N = O synthesis in both splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage populations from GvHD mice is enhanced, revealing that in vivo priming of macrophages for .N = O synthesis occurs during GvHD. Some, but not all, in vitro tests of immune function by using GvHD splenocytes are suppressed by the generation of .N = O.
Glutamate protects neuromuscular junctions from deleterious effects of β-amyloid peptide and conversely: An in vitro study in a nerve-muscle coculture (2014)

Murine models of Alzheimer's disease with elevated levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide present motor axon defects and neuronal death. Aβ1-42 accumulation is observed in motor neurons and spinal cords of sporadic and familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor neurons are highly susceptible to glutamate, which has a role in ALS neuronal degeneration. The current study investigates the link between Aβ and glutamate in this neurodegenerative process. Primary rat nerve and human muscle cocultures were intoxicated with glutamate or Aβ. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) mean size and neurite length were evaluated. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) was investigated by using MK801. Glutamate and Aβ production were evaluated in culture supernatant. The current study shows that NMJs are highly sensitive to Aβ peptide, that the toxic pathway involves glutamate and NMDAR, and that glutamate and Aβ act in an interlinked manner. Some motor diseases (e.g., ALS), therefore, could be considered from a new point of view related to these balance disturbances.
The Influence of Drying on Quantitative Laser Fluorescence and Optical Pathlengths in Incipient Natural Caries Lesions (2004)

Drying effects in 14 natural lesions were studied with quantitative light-induced fluorescence and optical pathlength spectroscopy. Results were compared with clinical judgments of the lesion surface and microradiographical characterizations of the lesions. Relative fluorescence and average pathlength decreased as a function of drying time with a decay time ranging from 35.5 to <1 min. Depth and mineral loss correlated with average pathlength total changes (r = -0.79/-0.60, respectively) and poorly with total fluorescence changes (r approximately = 0.3). The decay time of the drying process for the relative fluorescence correlated well with a theoretical model based on water diffusion in lesion and surface layer, but only for large decay times. Clinical judgments could not be related to the surface layer properties or the changes in the average pathlength, but were weakly related to the changes in the relative fluorescence. We conclude that (i) fluorescence effects are mostly due to the screening by the lesion of the fluorescence from the dentin and enamel-dentin junction; (ii) water evaporation in lesions conforms to the diffusion laws only in large lesions with low surface layer penetrability; (iii) the evaporation process is controlled by the surface layer only for small surface penetrabilities (approximately 0.1 vol% microm(-1)).
Glycolate formation catalyzed by spinach leaf transketolase utilizing the superoxide radical (1980)

A homogeneous preparation of transketolase was obtained from spinach leaf; the specific enzyme activity was 9.5 mumolo of glyceraldehyde-3-P formed (mg of protein)-1 min-1, when xylulose-5-P and ribose-5-P were used as the donor and acceptor, respectively, of the ketol residue. Transketolase catalyzed the formation of glycolate from fructose-6-P coupled with the O2- -generating system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase. The addition of superoxide dismutase (145 units) or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid (Tiron) (5 mM), both O2- scavengers, to the reaction system inhibited glycolate formation 72 and 58%, respectively. The reacton was not inhibited by catalase. Mannitol, an .OH scavenger, and beta-carotene and 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1O2 scavengers, showed little or no inhibitory effects. The rate of glycolate formation catalyzed by the transketolase system was measured in a coupled reaction with a continuous supply of KO2 dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, used as an O2- -generating system. The optimum pH of the reaction was above pH 8.5. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between transketolase and O2-, determined by the competition for O2- between nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and transketolase, was 1.0 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. Transketolase showed an inhibitory effect on the O2- -dependent reduction of NBT only if the reaction mixture was previously incubated with ketol donors such as fructose-6-P, xylulose-5-P, or glycolaldehyde. The results suggest the possibility that transketolase catalyzes O2- -dependent glycolate formation under increased steady-state levels of O2- in the chloroplast stroma.
P-selectin increases angiotensin II-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis via platelet activation (2016)

Platelet activation is important in hypertension‑induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. P-selectin expression significantly (P<0.05) increases when platelets are activated during hypertension. Although P‑selectin recruits leukocytes to sites of inflammation, the role of P‑selectin in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether platelet‑derived P‑selectin promotes hypertensive cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. P‑selectin knockout (P‑sel KO) mice and wild‑type (WT) C57BL/6 littermates were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) at 1,500 ng/kg/min for 7 days and then cross‑transplanted with platelets originating from either WT or P‑sel KO mice. P‑selectin expression was increased in the myocardium and plasma of hypertensive mice, and the P‑sel KO mice exhibited significantly (P<0.05) reduced cardiac fibrosis. The fibrotic areas were markedly smaller in the hearts of P‑sel KO mice compared with WT mice, as assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. In addition, α‑smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) expression levels were decreased in the P‑sel KO mice, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Following platelet transplantation into P‑sel KO mice, the number of Mac‑2 (galectin‑3)‑ and TGF‑β1‑positive cells was increased in mice that received WT platelets compared with those that received P‑sel KO platelets, and the mRNA expression levels of collagen I and TGF‑β1 were also increased. The results from the present study suggest that activated platelets secrete P‑selectin to promote cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in Ang II‑induced hypertension.
Preparation and X-Ray Data of Compounds Formed in Divalent Metal Chloride-Aluminum Chloride Fused Salt Systems (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and X-Ray Data of Compounds Formed in Divalent Metal Chloride-Aluminum Chloride Fused Salt SystemsRoger F. Belt and Harvey ScottCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 12, 1785–1788Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50022a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (379 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A relevancy knowledge model of analogical reasoning (1992)

The computer advisory system could improve patient management by reducing the time spent receiving ineffective treatment. This has implications for both patient time and clinical costs.
Sublingual versus injective immunotherapy in grass pollen allergic patients: a double blind (double dummy) study (1996)

The discrepancies observed could be interpreted as a consequence of different mechanisms of actin of the two therapies or to the lack of close relationships between the clinical and the objective parameters which were considered here.
Polymer−Enzyme Conjugates Can Self-Assemble at Oil/Water Interfaces and Effect Interfacial Biotransformations (2004)

Native water-soluble enzymes were transformed into interface-binding enzymes via conjugation with hydrophobic polymers, thus enabling interesting interfacial biocatalysis between immiscible chemicals at oil/water interfaces. Such interfacial biocatalysis demonstrated a significantly improved catalytic efficiency as compared to traditional biphasic reactions with enzymes contained in the bulk aqueous phase. Particularly, polystyrene-conjugated beta-galactosidase showed a catalytic efficiency that was more than 145 times higher than that of the native enzyme for a transgalactosylation reaction. It is believed that the improved accessibility of the biocatalysts to chemicals held in both phases across the interface is the key driver for the enhancement of enzyme activity.
GRAIL Seeks Out Genes Buried in DNA Sequence (1991)

When the Human Genome Project achieves its ultimate goal, supposedly around 2005, biologists will have in hand the exact sequence of all 3 billion nucleotides arrayed along the human chromosomes. But they have never been entirely sure how they will read the language of the long string of As, Gs, Ts, and Cs. How will they even be able to pick out the genes, which account for a mere 5% of the genome, from the mass of letters in between Now Edward Ubergacher, a biophysicist-turned-computational-biologist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has come one step toward providing an answer: a new artificial intelligence program, called GRAIL, that can pick out the coding regions of genes in a long stretch of sequence data. So far, the Oak Ridge team has analyzed 5 million bases of DNA. One year ago, even 6 months ago, it was virtually impossible to go into human genomic sequence and find genes by computer with any reliability. Now we can go in and find 90% of the genes very quickly. GRAIL can be used on a PC, not a supercomputer, and it provides an answer almost instantly.
Decision trees for error concealment in video decoding (2003)

When macro-blocks are lost in a video decoder such as MPEG-2, the decoder can try to conceal the error by estimating or interpolating the missing area. Many different methods for this type of post-processing concealment have been proposed, operating in the spatial, frequency, or temporal domains, or some hybrid combination of them. In this paper, we show how the use of a decision tree that can adaptively choose among several different error concealment methods can outperform each single method. We also propose two promising new methods for temporal error concealment.