gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetically Controlled Layer‐by‐Layer Stacking of Metal Oxide 2D Nanosheets (2017)

An efficient chemical way to finely control the layer-by-layer stacking of inorganic nanosheets (NS) is developed by tuning the type and composition of intercalant ion, and the reaction temperature for restacking process. The finely controlled stacking of NS relies on a kinetic control of the self-assembly of NS in the presence of coordinating organic cations. A critical role of organic cations in this assembly highlights the importance of the appropriate activation energy. Of prime importance is that a fine-control of the interstratification of 2D NS is highly effective not only in tailoring its pore structure but also in enhancing its electrode activity. The present study clearly demonstrates that the kinetically controlled restacking of NS provides a facile and powerful method to tailor their stacking number and functionality.
Imaging of Membrane Lipids in Single Cells by Imprint-Imaging Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2003)

A new method for identification and localization of organic molecules in biological samples is described. The method involves making an imprint of a biological sample on a silver (Ag) surface and subsequent analysis of the imprint by imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Using this method, detection of unfragmented, Ag cationized molecules at a spatial resolution of <0.5 microm is possible. We have used the method to study the spatial distribution of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in blood cells adhering to a glass surface. The TOF-SIMS images show that cholesterol is preferentially located in the plasma membrane, whereas the phosphocholine shows highest concentration in the nuclear membrane. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy images show that the amount of transferred material during the imprinting process can be controlled by varying the imprinting pressure and pretreatment of the cell substrate prior to imprinting.
Physico-chemical properties of surface-modified polymers (1995)

Contact angle, electrokinetic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements have been used to study the surface properties of flame- and oxygen plasma-pretreated polypropylene/ ethylenepropylene-diene monomer rubber (PP-EPDM) blends and of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers grafted with carboxyl group-containing monomers. The contact angles of pure test liquids (water, methylene iodide, and ethylene glycol) were used to calculate the dispersive and polar components of the surface free energy according to Owens and Wendt, and the acid-base parameters according to Van Oss and co-workers. In addition, the acid-base properties of the differently pretreated polymers could be evaluated quantitatively by measuring the zeta potential vs. the pH in a 10-3 mol/l KCI solution. The zeta potential measurements show that oxygen plasma-treated PP-EPDM and grafted EVA indicate an acidic surface character, whereas the flame-treated PP-EPDM blends possess both acidic and basic surface groups. The basic surface character of flame-treated PP-EPDM injection-moulded sheets could be enhanced by the presence of sterically hindered amine light stabilizers in the blend. This increase in the basic surface character was not only proved by zeta potential measurements, but also by the contact angle method according to Van Oss and co-workers. These results correlate with an increase of the oxygen content in the surface region and the occurrence of nitrogen-containing functional groups detected by XPS. The plasma-treated surface region of PP-EPDM blends contained an increased amount of carboxyl group-containing species (O=C-O). Flame-treated surfaces with additional light stabilizers in the blend indicated an increased concentration C-OH groups together with protonated nitrogen in the surface region. It was found that the adhesion strength of water-based primers was higher at these surfaces. A general interrelation between the acidic and basic parameters determined by zeta potential measurements, on the one hand, and the acidic and basic parameters determined by contact angle measurements, on the other hand, could not be found. A direct correlation was found between the increasing acidic character of EVA grafted with different amounts of carboxyl group-containing monomers and the decrease in the receding contact angle.
Peripheral nerve regeneration through bioresorbable and durable nerve guides. (1996)

We compared reinnervation of target organs after sciatic nerve resection and repair by tubulization with biodurable tubes of silicone and teflon, or bioresorbable nerve guides of collagen and poly(L-lactide-co-6-caprolactone) (PLC) leaving a 6 mm gap in different groups of mice. All tubes were of 1 mm inside diameter and thin-walled (50 to 250 microm). Functional reinnervation was assessed by noninvasive methods to determine recovery of sweating, sensory and motor functions in the hindpaw repeatedly during 5 months postoperation. PLC guides allowed faster and higher levels of reinnervation for the four functions tested than collagen and silicone tubes, while teflon tubes gave the lowest levels of recovery. Regenerative reinnervation by thin nociceptive and sudomotor fibers was higher than by large sensory and alphamotor fibers in all groups. Resorbable tubes promoted regeneration in a higher proportion of mice than durable tubes. In cases with effective regeneration the nerve cable was multifascicular, with mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltrates and a thin newly formed perineurium. The number of myelinated fibers was higher in PLC and silicone tubes than in collagen and teflon tubes. There was only minimal inflammatory reaction within the remnants of collagen tubes, but not in the other materials. PLC tubes of slow reabsorption rate seem useful for repairing long gaps in injured nerves.
Identification of a polypeptide growth inhibitor from bovine mammary gland. Sequence homology to fatty acid- and retinoid-binding proteins. (1987)

A polypeptide growth inhibitor purified from bovine mammary gland (mammary-derived growth inhibitor) has been shown to reversibly inhibit proliferation of mammary carcinoma cells at concentrations of about 10(-10) M. The carrier of inhibitory activity has been identified biochemically as an about 13-kDa polypeptide and chemically by elucidating the amino acid sequence. No homology to any of the hitherto structurally investigated growth inhibitors (transforming growth factor beta, interferons) has been observed. The data revealed extensive sequence homology of mammary-derived growth inhibitor to a family of low molecular mass hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins, among them a fatty acid-binding protein from rat heart, myelin P2, a differentiation associated protein in adipocytes (p422) and the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein. Interaction with as yet unknown hydrophobic ligands might play a functional role in the mechanism of growth inhibition excerted by mammary-derived growth inhibitor.
Conventional Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop is an Adaptive Complex Filter (2014)

Despite the wide acceptance and use of the conventional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL), no transfer function describing its actual input-output relationship has been developed so far. Arguably, the absence of such transfer function has hampered the application of SRF-PLL as a filter or controller inside the closed-loop control systems. In this paper, the transfer function describing the actual input-output relationship of the conventional SRF-PLL is presented. Using this transfer function, it is shown that the conventional SRF-PLL is a first-order adaptive complex bandpass filter. The accuracy of this transfer function is confirmed through numerical results.
Automatic Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization With Dual Gamma Correction (2018)

We propose automatic contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) for image contrast enhancement. We automatically set the clip point for CLAHE based on textureness of a block. Also, we introduce dual gamma correction into CLAHE to achieve contrast enhancement while preserving naturalness. First, we redistribute the histogram of the block in CLAHE based on the dynamic range of each block. Second, we perform dual gamma correction to enhance the luminance, especially in dark regions while reducing over-enhancement artifacts. Since automatic CLAHE adaptively enhances contrast in each block while boosting luminance, it is very effective in enhancing dark images and daylight ones with strong dark shadows. Moreover, automatic CLAHE is computationally efficient, i.e., more than 35 frames/s at 1024 × 682 resolution, due to the independent block processing for contrast enhancement. Experimental results demonstrate that automatic CLAHE with dual gamma correction achieves good performance in contrast enhancement and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual quality and quantitative measures.
Striated membranous structures in human hearts. An ultrastructural study. (1976)

Straited membranous structures (SMS), which consisted of sheets or ribbons of 130 to 220 A in thickness, showed variable patterns of periodic substructure, and resembled SMS described in renal and ocular tissues in various diseases, were found in extracellular locations in a) mitral valve (2 patients) and tricuspid valve (1 patient) of 2 patients with mitral valvular prolapse, b) mitral valve and femoral artery of 1 patient with Marfan's syndrome and prolapsed mitral valve, and c) myocardium (2 patients) and thickened endocardium (3 patients) of 3 patients with congenital heart disease associated with muscular obstruction to right ventricular outflow. Striated membranous structures measured up to several microns in diameter, often were highly folded and convoluted, and sometimes appeared circular in outline. Some SMS measured from 130 to 150 A in thickness and had indistinct edges and poorly defined periodicity. The majority of SMS, however, had greater thicknesses, in the range of 200 A, and a periodicity characterized by alternating light and dark bands with a spacing that varied from 100 to 160 A. The structures were associated with thickened basement membranes, elastic fibers, and membrane-bound bodies of the type thought to be involved in elastogenesis. Evidence available suggests that SMS results from an unusual pattern of arrangement of a component, possibly Type IV collagen, of basement membrane material.
Wheat gluten elasticity: a similar molecular basis to elastin? (1984)

Wheat Gluten protein Secondary structure Elasticity
Dimensional differences for evaluating the quality of footwear fit (2004)

Very few standards exist for fitting products to people. Footwear is a noteworthy example. This study is an attempt to evaluate the quality of footwear fit using two-dimensional foot outlines. Twenty Hong Kong Chinese students participated in an experiment that involved three pairs of dress shoes and one pair of athletic shoes. The participants' feet were scanned using a commercial laser scanner, and each participant wore and rated the fit of each region of each shoe. The shoe lasts were also scanned and were used to match the foot scans with the last scans. The ANOVA showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among the four pairs of shoes for the overall, fore-foot and rear-foot fit ratings. There were no significant differences among shoes for mid-foot fit rating. These perceived differences were further analysed after matching the 2D outlines of both last and feet. The point-wise dimensional difference between foot and shoe outlines were computed and analysed after normalizing with foot perimeter. The dimensional difference (DD) plots along the foot perimeter showed that fore-foot fit was strongly correlated (R(2) > 0.8) with two of the minimums in the DD-plot while mid-foot fit was strongly correlated (R(2) > 0.9) with the dimensional difference around the arch region and a point on the lateral side of the foot. The DD-plots allow the designer to determine the critical locations that may affect footwear fit in addition to quantifying the nature of misfit so that design changes to shape and material may be possible.
Cooperative agents in distributed indexing and retrieval (2002)

In this paper, a distributed index mesh based on cooperative agents is proposed for distributed searching and retrieval on the Internet. The technique results from adopting several extensions to the whois++/CIP centroid technology. The extensions result mainly from including weighted terms in the exported index objects. Weights are computed using well-known information retrieval techniques. The query routing algorithm enables an efficient traversal of the index mesh even considering a pessimistic approach. The proposed system is a good starting point for effective Internet document searching.
Diels-Alder Reaction of Furfural Derivatives and Its Application (1982)

Diels-Alder reaction between furan derivatives (1, 15a-d, and 21) and dienophiles (2 and 14) was examined with the intention of constructing the non-tryptamine moiety of yohimbine.
The dynamic effect of flux ropes on Rayleigh-Bénard convection (1979)

The interaction between magnetic fields and convection in a fluid heated from below is investigated in an axisymmetric cylindrical geometry. When R m , the magnetic Reynolds number, is large the field is concentrated into a thin rope on the axis of the cylinder. For weak magnetic fields a larger Rayleigh number is necessary to produce a flux rope than that needed for infinitesimal convection. For larger total fluxes, however, the opposite is true and the system is subcritically unstable to steady motions. The results are contrasted with those found by Busse (1975) for the corresponding two-dimensional roll problem.
Point-of-Care Coagulation Testing for Assessment of the Pharmacodynamic Anticoagulant Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (2014)

This investigation was carried out with already available point-of-care testing (POCT) systems for coagulation parameters to evaluate the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of the time- and concentration-dependent anticoagulant effects of the direct oral anticoagulants rivaroxaban and dabigatran.The whole blood prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and activated clotting time (ACT) were determined using the GEM PCL Plus coagulation system. Whole blood PT was also measured on the CoaguCheck XS instrument. In addition, PT and aPTT values were obtained in citrated plasma using the PT reagent Neoplastin Plus and the STA APTT reagent. Drug concentrations of rivaroxaban and dabigatran were determined with a chromogenic anti-Xa assay and the hemoclot assay, which are reported to have good agreement with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry measurements. POCT was performed in 27 consecutive patients who received rivaroxaban 10, 15, or 20 mg once daily and in 15 patients receiving dabigatran 110 or 150 mg twice daily. Blood samples were collected predose and 2 hours after observed drug intake at steady state.Two hours after observed rivaroxaban administration, the whole blood PT measured on the GEM PCL Plus was prolonged by an average of 64.5% in comparison with predose levels. Less differentiation was observed for rivaroxaban when the PT was measured on the CoaguCheck XS instrument or in plasma (prolongation of 24.1% and 36.8%, respectively). After 2 hours observed dabigatran administration, the whole blood aPTT was comparable with plasma values and was prolonged by 23.5% in comparison with trough values. Significant concentration-dependent prolongations of the activated clotting time were observed to different extents for both direct anticoagulants.Direct oral anticoagulants display variable ex vivo effects on different POCT-assays. POCT for aPTT is sensitive to increased concentrations of dabigatran, whereas the PT-POCT assessed with test systems such as the GEM PCL Plus may be helpful to measure the pharmacodynamic anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban in emergency clinical situations.
Towards studies of organizational behaviour with greater local relevance (2007)

Theories of organizational behaviour mostly originated in North America. In testing their applicability elsewhere, attention must be given to differences in local environments and in the values of local employees. Within Latin America, the prevalence of high collectivism and power distance are particularly important. Employees' attachment to their organization has been shown to differ within collectivistic cultures. The argument is illustrated by two Latin American studies. Firstly, the ways in which managers handle work events within Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Chile and Argentina are compared. Secondly, cross-national work problems of employees from these countries are surveyed. The results emphasize the need to rake account of variability within the region, and the need to use measures that capture locally important issues.
Vertical Transistor with Ultrathin Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectric (2009)

Nanoscale vertical thin-film transistors (VTFTs) are fabricated employing a new ultrathin silicon nitride (SiNx) gate dielectric for applications in high-resolution active matrix flat panel electronics. Illustrated are the cross-section schematic and SEM image of a 500 nm channel length VTFT with a 50 nm thick SiNx gate dielectric. The device demonstrates excellent gate control with gate leakage as low as 0.1 nA cm−2.
Molecular detection of p16 promoter methylation in the serum of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2001)

This result indicates that promoter methylation present in the tumors of esophageal SCC patients can be detected in the serum of the same patient and that this approach can potentially be used for the screening and monitoring of the disease.
Metallization technology of SiC power module in high temperature operation (2018)

We investigated a new metallization layer has both functions in high temperature reliability with Ag sinter joining and in high temperature adhesion with insulating resin. As a result, it was found that CoW metallization layer works effectively from above two perspectives. Initial shear strength of sintered Ag joints on CoW plated layer was about 46 MPa, which is better joint strength than that of Au or Ag plated layer. Furthermore, the shear strength of insulating resin on a CoW plated layer was about 21 MPa at 225 °C, which is almost the same adhesion strength as that of Ni or Ni/Au plated layer.
Efficient provenance storage over nested data collections (2009)

Scientific workflow systems are increasingly used to automate complex data analyses, largely due to their benefits over traditional approaches for workflow design, optimization, and provenance recording. Many workflow systems employ a simple dependency model to represent the provenance of data produced by workflow runs. Although commonly adopted, this model does not capture explicit data dependencies introduced by "provenance-aware" processes, and it can lead to inefficient storage when workflow data is complex or structured. We present a provenance model, extending the conventional approach, that supports (i) explicit data dependencies and (ii) nested data collections. Our model adopts techniques from reference-based XML versioning, adding annotations for process and data dependencies. We present strategies and reduction techniques to store immediate and transitive provenance information within our model, and examine trade-offs among update time, storage size, and query response time. We evaluate our approach on real-world and synthetic workflow execution traces, demonstrating significant reductions in storage size, while also reducing the time required to store and query provenance information.
Application Placement on a Cluster of Servers. (2004)

The APPLICATION PLACEMENT PROBLEM (APP, for short) arises in hosting platforms: clusters of servers that are used for hosting large, distributed applications such as Internet services. Hosting platforms imply a business relationship between an entity called the platform provider and a number of entities called the application providers. The latter pay the former for the resources on the hosting platform, in return for which, the former provides guarantees on resource availability for the applications. This implies that a hosting platform should host only applications for which it has sufficient resources. The objective of the APP is to maximize the number of applications that can be hosted on the platform while satisfying their resource requirements. The complexity of the APP is studied here, with the following results. The general APP is NP-hard; indeed, even restricted versions of the APP may not admit polynomial-time approximation schemes. However, several significant variants of the online version of the APP admit efficient approximation algorithms.
A Configurable Distributed Data Analytics Infrastructure for the Industrial Internet of things (2019)

Executing analytics functionalities over data from highly distributed data sources and data streams is at the very core of the vast majority of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. State of the art streaming engines provide the means for high performance analytics over high velocity IIoT streams, yet they still need significant programming and customization efforts when deployed in heterogeneous industrial environments. This paper introduces a configurable engine for distributed data analytics for IIoT applications. The engine leverages the performance of state of the art data streaming middleware platforms, which it augments with a set of digital models for configuring DDA operations. As such the introduced engine reduces the effort needed to implement and deploy distributed data analytics in IIoT environments. The engine is available as open source software and has been validated in a various real-life IIoT applications in different environments.
A trial method for assessing the adequacy of acupuncture treatments. (1998)

This method of assessing adequacy grouped 15 controlled clinical trials of acupuncture according to their average scores. The method may not be reliable in other situations because adequacy scores were inconsistent, possibly indicating problems with the scale. Modifications for making the scale more reliable are suggested.
Thermal Analysis and Design Optimization of Multilayer Insulation for Reentry Aerodynamic Heating (2002)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
The Effect of Neighboring Charges on the Helix Forming Ability of Charged Amino Acids in Proteins (1975)

It has been found that the fraction of glutamic acid residues which are helical in proteins is larger than might be expected from the experimentally determined value of the helical stability constants of glutamic acid. In order to understand this difference, the effect of neighboring charged side chains on the glutamic acid residues in proteins of known structure is examined. It is found that a positively charged side chain four residues away from a glutamic acid greatly enhances its probability to be helical. Similar results are obtained for aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, and histidine.