gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of a Waveguide NbN-based 515 Mixer using a Tuning Circuit with Two Half-Wavelength Distributed Junctions for the 900-GHz Band (2002)

We designed a waveguide SIS mixer based on NbN for the 900-GHz band. The waveguide mixer block with an MgO substrate was designed using Hewlett Packard's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and uses a waveguide-to-microstip transition. Simulation by HFSS showed that a source impedance of around 60 12 can be achieved from 786 to 988 GHz by using an MgO substrate about 30 gra thick. The tuning circuit was proposed to reduce the current density of the NbN SIS junctions without impairing broadband operation; it consists of two half-wavelength distributed SIS junctions connected by a half-wavelength microstripline. Simulated mixer performance based on the experimental I-V curve of the NbN SIS junctions showed SSB receiver noise temperatures of below 150 K from 760 to 960 GHz, assuming a junction current density of 25 kA/cm2.
Time Course of Interferon Levels, Antiviral State, 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase and Side Effects in Healthy Men (1987)

The kinetics of the biologic response following a single intramuscular injection of 18 X 10(6) units of recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a (rHuIFN-alpha 2a) was investigated during 11 courses in 10 healthy individuals. Serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBM) samples were assayed for their biologic responsiveness to rHuIFN-alpha 2a by measuring both their 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase activity and their resistance to in vitro vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. A significant increase in 2-5A synthetase levels occurred at 6 h, and enzyme levels returned to baseline values between 96 and 104 h postinjection. Protection of PBMs from VSV infectivity began within 1 h and lasted up to 144 h postinjection. The clinical side effects induced by IFN administration and serum IFN levels were not parallel over time with the antiviral effects observed. This study defines the time course of the biologic response induced by rHuIFN-alpha 2a in healthy volunteers. A parallel time course between the induction of 2-5A synthetase activity and the development of the antiviral state in PBMs was demonstrated.
An improved methylation procedure for the analysis of complex polysaccharides including resistant starch and a critique of the factors which lead to undermethylation (1993)

Abstract Deficiencies in the widely used Hakomori method of methylation are described. Evidence is given that this method of linkage analysis often gives levels of undermethylation which hamper the detailed study of complex carbohydrates from plant cell walls. A modified method using sodium hydroxide as base is described which is capable of fully methylating polymers for which the Hakomori method generally fails and which does not promote the carbohydrate oxidation typical of a former procedure using this reagent. An explanation of its efficacy is advanced. Analyses of retrograded, α‐amylase‐resistant starches obtained by the modified method are reported.
Chiral Solvating Agents for Cyanohydrins and Carboxylic Acids (2010)

We have shown that a structure as simple as an ion pair of (R)- or (S)-mandelate and dimethylamminopyridinium ions possesses structural features that are sufficient for NMR enantiodiscrimination of cyanohydrins. Moreover, (1)H NMR data of cyanohydrins of known configuration obtained in the presence of the mandelate-dimethylaminopyridinium ion pair point to the existence of a correlation between chemical shifts and absolute configuration of cyanohydrins. Mandelate-DMAPH(+) ion pair and mandelonitrile form a 1:1 complex with an association constant of 338 M(-1) (DeltaG(0), -3.4 kcal/mol) for the (R)-mandelonitrile/(R)-mandelate-DMAPH(+) and 139 M(-1) (DeltaG(0), -2.9 kcal/mol) for the (R)-mandelonitrile/(S)-mandelate-DMAPH(+) complex. To understand the origin of enantiodiscrimination, the geometry optimization and energy minimization of the models of ternary complexes of (S)-mandelonitrile/(R)-mandelate/DMAPH(+) and (S)-mandelonitrile/(S)-mandelate/DMAPH(+) complexes was performed using DFT methodology (B3LYP) with the 6-31+G(d) basis set in Gaussian 3.0. Further, analysis of optimized molecular model obtained from theoretical studies suggested that (i) DMAP may be replaced with other amines, (ii) the hydroxyl group of mandelic acid is not necessary for stabilization of ternary complex and may be replaced with other groups such as methyl, (iii) the ion pair should form a stable ternary complex with any hydrogen-bond donor, provided its OH bond is sufficiently polarized, and (iv) alpha-H of racemic mandelic acid should also get resolved with optically pure mandelonitrile. These inferences were experimentally verified, which not only validated the proposed model but also led to development of a new chiral solvating agent for determination of ee of carboxylic acids and absolute configuration of aryl but not alkyl carboxylic acids.
[Study on PI3K inhibitor LY294002 for chemotherapeutic sensitization in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines]. (2010)

LY294002 can sensitize doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and may be a potential molecular therapeutic agent targeted at AKT signaling pathway in DLBCL.
Training Echo State Neural Network Using Harmony Search Algorithm (2017)

Echo State Networks (ESN) are a special form of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which allow for the black box modeling of nonlinear dynamical systems. A unique feature of an ESN is that a large number of neurons (the “reservoir”), whose synaptic connections are generated randomly, is used in such that only the connections from the reservoir to the output modified by learning. The computation of optimal weights can then be achieved by a simple linear regression in an offline manner. ESNs have been applied to a variety of tasks from time series prediction to dynamic pattern recognition with great success. In many tasks, however, an online adaptive learning of the output weights is required. Harmony Search (HS) algorithm shows good performance when the search space is large. Here we propose HS algorithm for training echo state network in an online manner. In our simulation experiments, the ESNs are trained for predicting of three different time series including Mackey-Glass, Lorenz chaotic and Rossler chaotic time series with four different algorithms including Recursive Least Squares (RLS-ESN), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-ESN), and our proposed methods (HS-ESN and HS-RLS-ESN). Simulation results show that HS-ESN is significantly the fastest algorithm for training ESN whereas can effectively meet the requirements of the output precision. HS-RLS-ESN algorithm firstly uses HS to close to solution region then it uses RLS to obtain less error. HS-RLS-ESN is slower than HS-ESN and faster than RLS-ESN, but its generality power is very close to RLS-ESN.
Hop-timing estimation for FH signals using a coarsely channelized receiver (1996)

This paper addresses new hop-timing (epoch) estimation schemes which employ a coarsely channelized preprocessor in order to suppress the frequency and phase dependence in random frequency-hopping (FH) signals. Coarse channelization implies a bank of filters, covering the total spread bandwidth of the FH signal, whose number is much smaller than the size of the candidate hop frequency set. Linear and nonlinear combinations of preprocessor outputs are explored and compared. It is found that post-processing, rather than the size of the filter bank alone, is the determining factor on estimation performance. Performance evaluation is presented via both extensive computer simulations and analytical lower bounds. Comparisons with existing optimal and suboptimal systems are also provided.
Production of Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies Against Hyphae from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (1995)

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced against hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus monosporum. The polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were raised in a rabbit by immunizing with hyphae. They were tested for their specificity by a dot-immunoblot assay (DIBA). After the third immunization, a distinct difference in the signal strength was observed between the antisera and the preimmune serum. The pAbs showed cross-reactions to a number of fungal species, both mycorrhizal and other. For the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mice were immunized intraperitoneally with hyphae. The resulting hybridoma cell culture supernatants were tested by an indirect immunolabeling procedure. For this purpose the hyphae were immobilized on silane-coated microscopic slides. The mAb 8A7 reacted with hyphae from all Glomus isolates tested so far. Cross-reactivities were not observed with hyphae from fungi of the family Acaulosporaceae, phytopathogenic fungi tested so far, or from spores from Glomus species.
Pharmacokinetics of probenecid in sheep (1985)

Six Merino ewes were given 1 g (27 g/kg) probenecid by the intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. After i.v. injection, the biological half-life was 1.55 h and apparent volume of distribution at the steady state (Vdss) 0.18 l/kg. Body clearance (ClB) and renal clearance (ClR) were 0.12 l/h/kg and 0.03 l/h/kg, respectively. Approximately 28% of unchanged probenecid was excreted in urine. Plasma probenecid concentrations after i.v., i.m. and s.c. injections were 133, 37, and 31 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 15 min; 76, 36, and 34 micrograms/ml at 1 h; and 43, 23 and 34 micrograms/ml at 2 h. The average bioavailability of probenecid given by i.m. and s.c. injection was 46% and 34%, respectively. However, after 2 h, probenecid plasma concentrations remained higher when it was given subcutaneously than when it was given intramuscularly. Urine output was correlated positively (P less than 0.05) with kel and ClB. Urine pH increased significantly (P less than 0.01) for the first 2 h, and then steadily declined over the subsequent 6 h. The results suggested that probenecid in sheep was rapidly eliminated because it was rapidly excreted in the normal but alkaline urine. Subcutaneous administration of probenecid in animals may be a useful alternative to oral or i.v. administration.
Combined effect of glycerol concentration and cooling velocity on motility and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa frozen in 0.5 ml straws (1990)

The interaction of glycerol concentrations of 0-10% and cooling rates from 1 to 1,500 degrees C/min with boar spermatozoa motility and acrosomal integrity (proportion of spermatozoa with normal apical ridge) was studied after thawing 0.5 ml straws at a constant rate. While increasing the glycerol concentration from 0 to 4% progressively improved motility, the percentage of spermatozoa with a normal apical ridge gradually decreased. The magnitudes of the respective changes depended on cooling rate. A peak value of 48.1% and rating 3.8 were obtained in semen protected with 4% glycerol, frozen at 30 degrees C/min. Increasing the glycerol levels above 6% resulted in a gradual decrease in motility. The proportion of spermatozoa with normal apical ridge was highest in semen protected with 0-1% glycerol after cooling at 30 degrees C/min (64.4% and 66.1%, respectively), but at these glycerol concentrations the percentage of motile spermatozoa was low. At the 30 degrees C/min cooling rate, the decline in the proportion of cells with normal apical ridge due to increasing the glycerol levels to 3 and 4% was relatively slow (57.3% and 49.4%, respectively). Cooling at 1 degrees C/min was detrimental to acrosomal integrity, which decreased with increasing glycerol concentration, in contrast to increasing motility, which even at its maximum, remained low. The direct plunging of straws into liquid nitrogen (1,500 degrees C/min) resulted in damaged acrosomes in all spermatozoa with the total loss of motility. Balancing motility and acrosomal integrity, freezing boar semen protected with 3% glycerol by cooling at 30 degrees C/min resulted in optimal survival for boar semen frozen in 0.5 ml French straws.
The role of EMMPRIN in T cell biology and immunological diseases (2015)

EMMPRIN (CD147), originally described as an inducer of the expression of MMPs, has gained attention in its involvement in various immunologic diseases, such that anti-EMMPRIN antibodies are considered as potential therapeutic medications. Given that MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of various disease states, it is relevant that targeting an upstream inducer would make for an effective therapeutic strategy. Additionally, EMMPRIN is now appreciated to have multiple roles apart from MMP induction, including in cellular functions, such as migration, adhesion, invasion, energy metabolism, as well as T cell activation and proliferation. Here, we review what is known about EMMPRIN in numerous immunologic/inflammatory disease conditions with a particular focus on its complex roles in T cell biology.
Simultaneous removal of NO/sub x/, SO/sub x/, and particulates from flue gas by a moving bed of copper oxide (1987)

This report describes a single-stage, continuous process for simultaneously removing 90% of the NO/sub x/, 90% of the SO/sub x/, and 99.9% of the particulate material from flue gas from coal-fired combustion sources. The process uses a novel contactor/filter with a moving-bed of copper oxide absorber-catalyst. The contactor/filter was tested at 400/degree/C for NO/sub x//SO/sub x/ removal, and at room temperature for particule removal. The inlet concentration levels were 3000 ppM SO/sub 2/, 500 ppM NO, and 11.5 g/Nm/sup 3/ (5 gr/scf) of fly ash, which correspond to combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal with 20% excess air. The system demonstrated 90% NO/sub x/, 90% SO/sub x/, and 99.9% particulate removal with a Cu/S ratio of 1.02, NH/sub 3//NO ratio of 0.92, gas-solid contact time of 0.52 seconds, catalyst utilization of 88%, and a total pressure drop of less than 1.5 kPa (6 in. of water). These results met the objectives of the program. 18 refs., 34 figs., 5 tabs.
Lane Change Behavior Modeling for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Surroundings Recognition (2011)

This paper describes an algorithm that determines the reference vehicle trajectory for autonomous lane changing maneuver. The algorithm employs potentially acquired on-board vehicle sensing signals like the velocity of each vehicle, the relative distance between vehicles as variables and estimates the positions of host and surrounding vehicles after finishing lane change maneuver. The lane change timing and reference lateral/longitudinal acceleration are derived theoretically and compared with the data which is obtained from human driver experiments carried out on driving simulator. The longitudinal and lateral accelerations are determined as the reference model. The paper describes algorithm details,following by simulation results which show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Increased Cholesterol Efflux in Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI)–Producing Macrophages as a Mechanism for Reduced Atherosclerosis in ApoAI <sup>(−/−)</sup> Mice (2001)

The concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) AI in the artery wall is thought to enhance cellular cholesterol efflux and protect against atherosclerosis. It has been shown that although macrophages do not make apoAI, they respond to it by increased cholesterol efflux. We hypothesized that macrophage production of apoAI would increase cholesterol efflux and reduce atherogenesis. In this study, we produced mice expressing human apoAI under the control of the macrophage-specific scavenger receptor-A promoter (mphi-AI). Human apoAI was detectable in the serum HDL fraction of mphi-AI transgenic mice at concentrations too low to affect serum cholesterol or HDL levels. Immunoblotting showed the presence of human apoAI in transgenic macrophage culture supernatants, mostly as lipoprotein-free protein, with a small component associated with HDL-like particles. Atherosclerosis studies using apoAI((-/-)) mice transplanted with mphi-AI bone marrow showed that in the absence of macrophage-derived apoE, local expression of apoAI reduced diet-induced lesions in the proximal aorta. Additionally, mphi-AI macrophages showed a 40% increase in cholesterol efflux compared with control macrophages. These data support the hypothesis that apoAI production by macrophages in the artery wall is protective against atherosclerosis. This protection is likely mediated by increased cholesterol efflux and decreased foam cell formation in vivo.
Designing pen-and-paper user interfaces for interaction with documents (2009)

Despite numerous predictions of the paperless office, knowledge work is still characterized by the combined use of paper and digital documents. Digital pen-and-paper user interfaces bridge the gap between both worlds by electronically capturing the interactions of a user with a pen on real paper. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: First, we introduce an interaction framework for pen-and-paper user interfaces consisting of six core interactions. This helps both in analyzing existing work practices and interfaces and in guiding the design of interfaces which offer complex functionality and nevertheless remain simple to use. Second, we apply this framework and contribute three novel pen-and-paper interaction strategies for creating hyperlinks between printed and digital documents and for tagging both types of documents.
Characterization of clinical grade CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells produced using automated CliniMACS prodigy system (2018)

These results demonstrate the feasibility of producing CAR T cells locally in a university hospital setting using automated cell processor for future clinical applications.
On-line recognition of UML diagrams (2002)

Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams are widely used by software engineers to describe the structure of software systems. Early in the software design cycle, software engineers informally sketch initial UML diagrams on paper or whiteboards. The information provided by these UML diagrams needs to be made available to computer assisted software engineering (CASE) tools. In order to smooth this transition from paper to electronic form, we have developed an online recognition system for UML diagrams. The system accepts input from an electronic whiteboard, a data tablet or a mouse. Efforts have been made to separate the domain-independent and domain-specific parts of the recognition system. The kernel of the system is retargetable, providing a general front end for online recognition of any glyph-based diagram notation. The kernel is extended with UML-specific routines for segmentation, recognition of glyphs, and recognition of glyph relationships.
Design, Analysis, and Optimization of an Acute Stroke Gait Rehabilitation Device (2016)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult physical disability, and rehabilitation and hospitalization costs for stroke are among the highest for all injuries. Current rehabilitation techniques are labor intensive and time consuming for therapists and difficult to perform effectively. Research suggests that starting rehabilitation during the acute or subacute stage of recovery results in better outcomes than therapy delivered in the chronic stage. To improve the gait rehabilitation process, robot-assisted gait rehabilitation has gained much interest over the past years. However, many robot-assisted rehabilitation devices have limitations; one of which is being bulky and complex to handle. Large and expensive devices that require special training to operate are less attractive to clinics and therapists, and ultimately less likely to be available to patients especially at the early stage of stroke. To address these limitations, this research proposes a new gait rehabilitation device called the linkage design gait trainer (LGT). The device is based on a walking frame design with a simple four-bar linkage “end-effector” mechanism to generate normal gait trajectories during general walking and exercise. The design of the four-bar linkage mechanism was optimized for a particular gait pattern. A prototype of the device was developed and tested. The kinematics of the device itself and gait kinematics with and without assistance from the device were recorded and analyzed using an optical motion capture system. The results show the linkage mechanism is able to guide the leg of the user during over ground walking. There were some differences in the hip (20.5 deg RMS) and knee (14.8 deg RMS) trajectory between the person walking with and without the device assistance. The study demonstrated the concept and feasibility of this novel gait training device.
A probabilistic approach to optimal robust path planning with obstacles (2006)

Autonomous vehicles need to plan trajectories to a specified goal that avoid obstacles. Previous approaches that used a constrained optimization approach to solve for finite sequences of optimal control inputs have been highly effective. For robust execution, it is essential to take into account the inherent uncertainty in the problem, which arises due to uncertain localization, modeling errors, and disturbances. Prior work has handled the case of deterministically bounded uncertainty. We present here an alternative approach that uses a probabilistic representation of uncertainty, and plans the future probabilistic distribution of the vehicle state so that the probability of collision with obstacles is below a specified threshold. This approach has two main advantages; first, uncertainty is often modeled more naturally using a probabilistic representation (for example in the case of uncertain localization); second, by specifying the probability of successful execution, the desired level of conservatism in the plan can be specified in a meaningful manner. The key idea behind the approach is that the probabilistic obstacle avoidance problem can be expressed as a disjunctive linear program using linear chance constraints. The resulting disjunctive linear program has the same complexity as that corresponding to the deterministic path planning problem with no representation of uncertainty. Hence the resulting problem can be solved using existing, efficient techniques, such that planning with uncertainty requires minimal additional computation. Finally, we present an empirical validation of the new method with a number of aircraft obstacle avoidance scenarios
Good medicine, good business, great leadership: the trust prescription for health care. (2008)

Gene expression profiling allows us to look into a tumor cell to see how genetic information is communicated and affects cell behavior. Data gathered during the development of the 70-gene assay (MammaPrint) set the stage for future assay development. Recently, a 21-gene assay (Oncotype DX) was recommended by ASCO and NCCN as a standard of care for newly diagnosed, stage 1 or 2, node-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients.
Why and how CARPE should be personal? (2005)

In this paper, the significance of modeling human personalities is analyzed for improving the value proposition of solutions for Capturing, Archiving and Retrieval of Personal Experiences (CARPE). Differences in human personalities have a significant and often an overriding impact on how raw events are linked and organized into threads of experiences. Recommendations and predictions are presented on how existing technologies and current research can be integrated for this purpose. The focus here is on the importance of using techniques for improving the quality of the experience thread formation from the raw stream of observation content and on harvesting personality information from analyzing the captured content. Personality models are used when clustering raw event content into such threads. The resulting threads will represent the subject's experience in view of the subjects' personality. The formations of the CARPE threads also contribute to the development of the personality. As a result, the real-life experience view of the subsequently built threads is further enhanced. Also discussed are ways of integrating various methods of building and integrating such models using personality profiling.