gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) in colorectal tumours (1999)

We report the generation of 2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 2B12 and 3E6, suitable for the detection of human dUTPase in routinely processed paraffin sections by immunohistochemistry. Using these MAbs, we observed nuclear expression of dUTPase in the proliferation zones of normal colorectal mucosa as well as in hyperplastic polyps. Colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas revealed a wide spectrum of dUTPase expression, ranging from 5 to 63% (median 42%) and from 5 to 71% of tumour cells (median 42%) respectively. Non-parametric correlation of dUTPase expression with proliferation as determined by a Ki-67 antigen-specific MAb revealed a significant and moderately strong correlation between proliferation rate and dUTPase expression in adenomas, but not in adenocarcinomas. This finding was confirmed by double-labelling immunofluorescence. Unexpectedly, we found significantly lower levels of dUTPase expression in primary colorectal carcinomas without lymph-node metastases at the time of surgery (Dukes A and B stages) than in Dukes C carcinomas. While this observation requires confirmation in larger studies, it suggests that dUTPase expression may be a negative prognostic marker in colorectal carcinomas. Moreover, these reagents should prove useful in the context of attempts to develop dUTPase inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Since it has been demonstrated that dUTPase expression can mediate resistance to 5-fluorouracil, it is also possible that these MAbs may be helpful in identifying patients with colorectal carcinomas resistant to adjuvant chemotherapy using this and related compounds. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:614-617, 1999.
The molecular mechanisms of two common polymorphisms of drug oxidation-evidence for functional changes in cytochrome P-450 isozymes catalysing bufuralol and mephenytoin oxidation (1986)

Using the stereospecific metabolism of (+)- and (-)-bufuralol and (+)- and (-)-metoprolol as model reactions, we have characterized the enzymic deficiency of the debrisoquine/sparteine-type polymorphism by comparing kinetic data of subjects in vivo with their microsomal activities in vitro and with reconstituted activities of cytochrome P-450 isozymes purified from human liver. The metabolism of bufuralol in liver microsomes of in vivo phenotyped 'poor metabolizers' of debrisoquine and/or sparteine is characterized by a marked increase in Km, a decrease in Vmax and a virtual loss of the stereoselectivity of the reaction. These parameters apparently allow the 'phenotyping' of microsomes in vitro. A structural model of the active site of a cytochrome P-450 for stereospecific metabolism of bufuralol and other polymorphically metabolized substrates was constructed. Two cytochrome P-450 isozymes, P-450 buf I and P-450 buf II, both with MW 50,000 Da, were purified from human liver on the basis of their ability to metabolize bufuralol to 1'-hydroxy-bufuralol. However, P-450 buf I metabolized bufuralol in a highly stereoselective fashion ((-)/(+) ratio 0.16) as compared to P-450 buf II (ratio 0.99) and had a markedly lower Km for bufuralol. Moreover, bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation by P-450 buf I was uniquely characterized by its extreme sensitivity to inhibition by quinidine. Antibodies against P-450 buf I and P-450 buf II inhibited bufuralol metabolism in microsomes and with the reconstituted enzymes. Immunochemical studies with these antibodies with microsomes and translations in vitro of RNA from livers of extensive and poor metabolizers showed no evidence for a decrease in the recognized protein or its mRNA. Because the antibodies do not discriminate between P-450 buf I and P-450 buf II, both a decreased content of P-450 buf I or its functional alteration could explain the polymorphic metabolism in microsomes. The genetically defective stereospecific metabolism of mephenytoin was determined in liver microsomes of extensive and poor metabolizers of mephenytoin phenotyped in vivo. Microsomes of poor metabolizers were characterized by an increased Km and a decreased Vmax for S-mephenytoin hydroxylation as compared to extensive metabolizers and a loss of stereospecificity for the hydroxylation of S-versus R-mephenytoin. A cytochrome P-450 with high activity for mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation was purified from human liver. Immunochemical studies with inhibitory antibodies against this isozyme suggest the presence in poor-metabolizer microsomes of a functionally altered enzyme.
Transurethral Ureterorenoscopic Lithotripsy and Retrieval of Ureteric Calculi under Local Anaesthesia and Sedation (1990)

Under strict indications, ureterorenoscopic (URS) lithotripsy was used to treat ureteric calculi in 61 patients under local anaesthesia and sedation in a 2-year period ending November 1988. Assessments of success and discomfort of the procedure were made. Stone retrieval was accomplished in 48 patients (78% success rate) and a mean pain score of 6 was recorded in a scale from 0 to 10. It was concluded that performing URS under local anaesthesia is an acceptable alternative.
Sub-acute anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Leucas indica in Wistar albino rats (2015)

Newer anti-inflammatory drugs are still under intense investigation, especially from herbs. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Leucas indica could be used to treat sub-acute inflammatory conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate sub-acute anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Leucas indica in Wistar albino rats. Ten Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups as Controls, standard and three doses of the test drug viz 75, 150 & 300 mg/kg, orally respectively. The adsorbent sterilized cotton pellet (20±1 mg) was implanted subcutaneously. Drugs were administered once daily for 7 days and on 8th day rats were sacrificed. The mean weight of the cotton pellets (dry, wet and transudative) were weighed and compared between the groups. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Leucas indica showed significant sub acute anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg by cotton pellet induced granuloma pouch in Wistar albino rats compared to controls. Our study reveals that ethanolic extract of the leaves of Leucas indica has shown significant sub-acute anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats.
GROWTH HORMONE FACILITATES OVULATION INDUCTION BY GONADOTROPHINS (1988)

The addition of biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) to treatment with human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) significantly augmented the ovarian response in four patients treated for in-vivo and three patients treated for in-vitro fertilization who had previously been resistant to hMG. The amount, duration of treatment and daily effective dose of hMG were all reduced by growth hormone. This action of growth hormone offers a new approach to ovulation induction.
Extending sensor networks into the Cloud using Amazon Web Services (2010)

Sensor networks provide a method of collecting environmental data for use in a variety of distributed applications. However, to date, limited support has been provided for the development of integrated environmental monitoring and modeling applications. Specifically, environmental dynamism makes it difficult to provide computational resources that are sufficient to deal with changing environmental conditions. This paper argues that the Cloud Computing model is a good fit with the dynamic computational requirements of environmental monitoring and modeling. We demonstrate that Amazon EC2 can meet the dynamic computational needs of environmental applications. We also demonstrate that EC2 can be integrated with existing sensor network technologies to offer an end-to-end environmental monitoring and modeling solution.
Seamless Sub-Band Wavelength Conversion of Tb/s-Class CO-OFDM Superchannels (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate a sub-band wavelength conversion scheme based on four-wave mixing in high-nonlinear fiber for multiple Tb/s-class superchannel coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing networks. Combined with the wavelength selective switches in reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers, the overlapped spectra are efficiently relocated and almost seamlessly formed into a new superchannel with very little spectral efficiency degradation.
Caspase-7 deficiency protects from endotoxin-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and improves survival (2009)

Extensive apoptosis of leukocytes during sepsis and endotoxic shock constitutes an important mechanism linked to the excessive mortality associated with these disorders. Caspase inhibitors confer protection from endotoxin-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and improve survival, but it is not clear which caspases mediate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and mortality. We report here that the apoptotic executioner caspase-7 was activated in the splenocytes of LPS-injected mice, suggesting a role for caspase-7 in lymphocyte apoptosis. Indeed, caspase-7-deficient mice were resistant to LPS-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and were markedly protected from LPS-induced lethality independently of the excessive production of serum cytokines. These results reveal for the first time a nonredundant role for caspase-7 in vivo and identify caspase-7 inhibition as a component of the mechanism by which caspase inhibitors protect from endotoxin-induced mortality.
Ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production (2014)

Worldwide, ethylene is the most produced organic compound. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and a process has been developed for its conversion into liquid transportation fuels. Currently, commercial ethylene production involves steam cracking of fossil fuels, and is the highest CO2-emitting process in the chemical industry. Therefore, there is great interest in developing technology for ethylene production from renewable resources including CO2 and biomass. Ethylene is produced naturally by plants and some microbes that live with plants. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE), which uses α-ketoglutarate and arginine as substrates. EFE is a promising biotechnology target because the expression of a single gene is sufficient for ethylene production in the absence of toxic intermediates. Here we present the first comprehensive review and analysis of EFE, including its discovery, sequence diversity, reaction mechanism, predicted involvement in diverse metabolic modes, heterologous expression, and requirements for harvesting of bioethylene. A number of knowledge gaps and factors that limit ethylene productivity are identified, as well as strategies that could guide future research directions.
Probability Density Estimation over evolving data streams using Tilted Parzen Window (2008)

Probability density estimation is a very important technology which has been widely used in data mining and data analysis. In this paper, we generalize the traditional Parzen window method to data streams and propose a new method of tilted Parzen window (TPW) for probability density estimation. To adapt to the evolvement of the data streams, we use the tilted window size that is proportional to datapsilas arrival time instead of the fixed window size. Theoretical analysis shows that the tilted Parzen window method is a valid method for estimating the probability density function (pdf) for data streams. We also propose a new strategy for discarding the historical data in data streams. We prove that this strategy can describe the probability density changes more accurately than the conventional discarding strategy. Empirical results on synthetic data set demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of this method.
Regulated programmed lysis of recombinant <i>Salmonella</i> in host tissues to release protective antigens and confer biological containment (2008)

We have devised and constructed a biological containment system designed to cause programmed bacterial cell lysis with no survivors. We have validated this system, using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccines for antigen delivery after colonization of host lymphoid tissues. The system is composed of two parts. The first component is Salmonella typhimurium strain chi8937, with deletions of asdA and arabinose-regulated expression of murA, two genes required for peptidoglycan synthesis and additional mutations to enhance complete lysis and antigen delivery. The second component is plasmid pYA3681, which encodes arabinose-regulated murA and asdA expression and C2-regulated synthesis of antisense asdA and murA mRNA transcribed from the P22 P(R) promoter. An arabinose-regulated c2 gene is present in the chromosome. chi8937(pYA3681) exhibits arabinose-dependent growth. Upon invasion of host tissues, an arabinose-free environment, transcription of asdA, murA, and c2 ceases, and concentrations of their gene products decrease because of cell division. The drop in C2 concentration results in activation of P(R), driving synthesis of antisense mRNA to block translation of any residual asdA and murA mRNA. A highly antigenic alpha-helical domain of Streptococcus pneumoniae Rx1 PspA was cloned into pYA3681, resulting in pYA3685 to test antigen delivery. Mice orally immunized with chi8937(pYA3685) developed antibody responses to PspA and Salmonella outer membrane proteins. No viable vaccine strain cells were detected in host tissues after 21 days. This system has potential applications with other Gram-negative bacteria in which biological containment would be desirable.
EXAFS and XANES analysis of oxides at the nanoscale (2014)

Worldwide research activity at the nanoscale is triggering the appearance of new, and frequently surprising, materials properties in which the increasing importance of surface and interface effects plays a fundamental role. This opens further possibilities in the development of new multifunctional materials with tuned physical properties that do not arise together at the bulk scale. Unfortunately, the standard methods currently available for solving the atomic structure of bulk crystals fail for nanomaterials due to nanoscale effects (very small crystallite sizes, large surface-to-volume ratio, near-surface relaxation, local lattice distortions etc.). As a consequence, a critical reexamination of the available local-structure characterization methods is needed. This work discusses the real possibilities and limits of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis at the nanoscale. To this end, the present state of the art for the interpretation of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is described, including an advanced approach based on the use of classical molecular dynamics and its application to nickel oxide nanoparticles. The limits and possibilities of X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) to determine several effects associated with the nanocrystalline nature of materials are discussed in connection with the development of ZnO-based dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) and iron oxide nanoparticles.
Real-time holographic imaging with a bacteriorhodopsin film (1995)

We investigate the potential of high-resolution and large space–bandwidth product holographic lensless imaging by using bacteriorhodopsin film as a real-time material under He–Ne laser illumination. The imaging reflectivity is found to be linearly proportional to the reading light intensity when the hologram is under short laser pulse stimulation. The time response of the recording process is characterized by two exponentially increasing functions that are related to the intensity modulation of the illumination. An image resolution of 80 lines/mm and a space–bandwidth product of ~2 × 106 are obtained.
Effects of the new histamine H2-receptor antagonist N-ethyl-N'-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propyl] urea with potent gastric mucosal protective activity on acute gastric lesions and duodenal ulcers in rats. (1993)

The effects of KU-1257 (N-ethyl-N'-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propyl]urea, CAS 120958-90-9) on gastric lesions and duodenal ulcers in rats were compared with those of various antiulcer drugs. KU-1257 prevented the formation of gastric lesions induced by necrotizing agents. The ID50 values against 0.6 N HCl-induced gastric lesions were 18.6 mg/kg, p.o. and 6.0 mg/kg, i.p. The ID50 values against absolute ethanol- and 1% NH3-induced gastric lesions were 12.4 and 9.2 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Roxatidine acetate, troxipide and teprenone at doses of 100-200 mg/kg p.o. also significantly prevented the formation of gastric lesions by these necrotizing agents. Cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine had no protective effect against these gastric lesions even at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o. KU-1257, roxatidine acetate and famotidine inhibited acetylsalicylic acid- and water-immersion stress-induced gastric lesions. KU-1257, roxatidine acetate and famotidine inhibited mepirizole-induced duodenal ulcers, but not troxipide and teprenone. These results suggest that KU-1257 is more potent in the mucosal protective action than troxipide, teprenone, roxatidine acetate and other histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Sharing Space: The Presence of Other Bodies Extends the Space Judged as Near (2014)

The observed extension of the portion of space judged as near could represent a wider portion of "accessible" space, thus an advantage in the struggle to survive in presence of other potential competing individuals.
Bleeding Times in Rats Treated with Heparin, Heparin Fragments of High and Low Anticoagulant Activity and chemically Modified Heparin Fragments of Low Anticoagulant Activity (1990)

A template bleeding time study in the rat was undertaken to see if it is possible to correlate bleeding times with the molecular weight, anticoagulant activity or chemical composition of heparin or heparin-derived compounds. Heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa (PM-heparin) and from bovine lung (BL-heparin) as well as heparin fragments from these sources were compared. Heparin fragments of low anticoagulant activity were prepared by affinity chromatography on immobilized antithrombin as well as by chemical modification. A heparin fragment of high affinity for antithrombin (HA-fragment) caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in bleeding time while the corresponding heparin fragment with low affinity for antithrombin (LA-fragment) had a marginal and non-dose dependent effect on the bleeding time. Similar results were also obtained with PM-heparin with high and low affinity for antithrombin. A high anti-FXa activity was not always correlated with a marked bleeding tendency. Provided that a fragment was devoid of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) activity, it was not possible to provoke a bleeding time of 20 min or longer, although the compound was administered at a dose of 1,088 U/kg (anti-FXa activity). On the other hand, a N-acetylated chemically oversulphated heparin fragment, with a very low anti-FXa activity (1 U/mg) and with an APTT activity of 34 U/mg, caused a bleeding time of 20 min or longer in 70% of the animals after injection of the same number of APTT units, 1,088 U/kg. These data indicate that the APTT activity is a better and more sensitive indicator of the bleeding than is the anti-FXa activity.
Estimating effective model kernel widths for PSF reconstruction in PET (2011)

Point-spread function (PSF) reconstruction algorithms include a kernel describing the spatial distribution of a point source's detection probability. While PSF reconstruction often helps to improve the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of these iterative algorithms, in some cases it can also lead to effects such as hyper-resolution, edge-overshoot, and degraded resolving power. We believe such artifacts could be caused in part by a mismatch between how the physical PSF is measured and how it is employed in reconstruction. In essence, the contribution of the numerical component of the point spread due to the discretization of the image and projection operators is usually neglected. If it were accounted for, the effective model kernel width used for PSF reconstruction should be smaller than the physical kernel width by an amount comparable to the numerical point spread in order to give an accurate prediction of the total physical point spread in the data. We have developed an image-based technique for estimating the appropriate effective width by adjusting it to achieve the correct diameter of small but finite hot spots in reconstructed images, as a function of radial offset. We have implemented this technique on an integrated MR/PET system by imaging arrays of positron beams in air. We find that for our system the effective model kernel width necessary to give accurate reconstruction is 27% smaller than the full physical width near the center of the FOV. Results for positron beam imaging, arrays of conventional point sources, image quality phantoms, and clinical human imaging are shown. The issues of convergence and contrast vs. noise performance are also addressed.
Fabrication of hydrodynamic torque converter impellers by using the selective laser sintering method (2013)

Purpose – The main aim of the paper is the application of the selective laser sintering (SLS) method for fabrication of hydrodynamic torque converter (HTC) impellers. Design/methodology/approach – Establishing of assumptions for the impeller design process based on the HTC characteristics analysis, creation of the virtual solid model of HTC impellers, fabrication of HTC impellers by using the SLS method, investigation of the performance of HTC with fabricated impellers by using a test rig. Findings – The test results show that the SLS method can be successfully used for the fabrication of HTC impellers with 3D and flat blades. Research limitations/implications – The method application is limited to small diameters of HTC impellers depending on working area dimensions of SLS machine. Practical implications – The method can decrease the time and cost of fabrication of HTC impellers by using the SLS method. Originality/value – The application of the SLS method for fabrication of HTC impellers with 3D and flat blades.
Motor learning through the combination of primitives (2000)

In this paper we discuss a new perspective on how the central nervous system (CNS) represents and solves some of the most fundamental computational problems of motor control. In particular, we consider the task of transforming a planned limb movement into an adequate set of motor commands. To carry out this task the CNS must solve a complex inverse dynamic problem. This problem involves the transformation from a desired motion to the forces that are needed to drive the limb. The inverse dynamic problem is a hard computational challenge because of the need to coordinate multiple limb segments and because of the continuous changes in the mechanical properties of the limbs and of the environment with which they come in contact. A number of studies of motor learning have provided support for the idea that the CNS creates, updates and exploits internal representations of limb dynamics in order to deal with the complexity of inverse dynamics. Here we discuss how such internal representations are likely to be built by combining the modular primitives in the spinal cord as well as other building blocks found in higher brain structures. Experimental studies on spinalized frogs and rats have led to the conclusion that the premotor circuits within the spinal cord are organized into a set of discrete modules. Each module, when activated, induces a specific force field and the simultaneous activation of multiple modules leads to the vectorial combination of the corresponding fields. We regard these force fields as computational primitives that are used by the CNS for generating a rich grammar of motor behaviours.