gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A view of telecommunications network evolution (2002)

While deployment of new network technologies has not been steady over the years, it is useful to take a long-term view of how major new telecommunications infrastructures evolve. Since the beginning of this decade, we have witnessed the emergence of new generations of three major communication networks. This article addresses the market conditions, technology innovations, and services driving the need for intelligent all-optical, 3G wireless, and QoS-based packet networks. Market forces such as traffic and subscriber growth, equipment cost reduction, and new technology penetration have a deep impact on network buildouts. Technology innovations abound, especially in the optical domain. For example, Raman amplification, pure optical switches, and tunable lasers have had a major impact on the architecture of optical networks. Many key services, such as streaming audio and high-quality image transfer, were not possible using wireless access because of its limited bandwidth and performance. With 3G wireless technology, a true mobile Internet will become a reality. Businesses have shied away from the use of the public Internet because of service quality. Thanks to advances in MPLS and service intelligence, this is expected to change. For each type of network, we survey the key factors shaping its evolution and implications on network architectures.
Automated engineering and design using personal computers (1989)

The authors present an overview of certain CAD (computer-aided design) and CAE (computer-aided engineering) programs and the software application packages developed for use within Fluor Daniel, Inc. The application packages are based on point-of-entry data capture and use a relational database to share data for many different applications. Two application packages are discussed. The first, ILG (instrument loop generation), encompasses the full range of instruments, control systems, and associated wiring. It consists of a family of compiled dBASE III programs, and its purpose is to manipulate engineering data. ILG readily accepts changes throughout the design cycle. The second package, the master application software package, is similar to ILG, except that it interfaces directly with AutoCAD and transfers data between drawings and databases. Whereas ILG handles only data related to instrumentation the master application package handles data related to all aspects of the plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An ultrasonic method for studying elastic moduli as a function of temperature (1969)

Ultrasonic method is used to determine the elastic moduli of materials used in components of high-temperature nuclear reactors. An ultrasonic, pulse-echo technique determines the velocity of sound waves propogating in a heated region of rod-shaped specimens. From these velocities, the elastic moduli are calculated.
A new pandemic influenza A(H1N1) genetic variant predominated in the winter 2010 influenza season in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore (2010)

Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is of global health concern and is currently the predominant influenza virus subtype circulating in the southern hemisphere 2010 winter. The virus has changed little since it emerged in 2009, however, in this report we describe several genetically distinct changes in the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. These variants were first detected in Singapore in early 2010 and have subsequently spread through Australia and New Zealand. At this stage, these signature changes in the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins have not resulted in significant antigenic changes which might make the current vaccine less effective, but such adaptive mutations should be carefully monitored as the northern hemisphere approaches its winter influenza season.
Linear stability analysis of capillary instabilities for concentric cylindrical shells (2011)

Abstract Motivated by complex multi-fluid geometries currently being explored in fibre-device manufacturing, we study capillary instabilities in concentric cylindrical flows of $N$ fluids with arbitrary viscosities, thicknesses, densities, and surface tensions in both the Stokes regime and for the full Navier–Stokes problem. Generalizing previous work by Tomotika ( $N= 2$ ), Stone & Brenner ( $N= 3$ , equal viscosities) and others, we present a full linear stability analysis of the growth modes and rates, reducing the system to a linear generalized eigenproblem in the Stokes case. Furthermore, we demonstrate by Plateau-style geometrical arguments that only axisymmetric instabilities need be considered. We show that the $N= 3$ case is already sufficient to obtain several interesting phenomena: limiting cases of thin shells or low shell viscosity that reduce to $N= 2$ problems, and a system with competing breakup processes at very different length scales. The latter is demonstrated with full three-dimensional Stokes-flow simulations. Many $N\gt 3$ cases remain to be explored, and as a first step we discuss two illustrative $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow} \infty $ cases, an alternating-layer structure and a geometry with a continuously varying viscosity.
Performance analysis of time frequency slicing (2011)

Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) is described in an informative annex of the DVB-T2 standard. It is able to bundle multiple (non-adjacent) standard RF channels into one big virtual channel that offers increased frequency diversity and robustness. Theoretically TFS requires a single receiver tuner only, because the tuner hops between the different channels. This naturally leads to certain dependencies within the framing structure of DVB-T2, which also influenced the development of the normal non-TFS operation of this standard. Therefore, this paper gives a brief introduction to TFS and its realization within DVB-T2, which has been heavily discussed during the DVB-T2 development. Furthermore, simulation results and theoretical analysis show the potential gains and limits of TFS.
Optimal Control of Wake Up Mechanisms of Femtocells in Heterogeneous Networks (2012)

We study, in this work, optimal sleep/wake up schemes for the base stations of network-operated femto cells deployed within macro cells for the purpose of offloading part of its traffic. Our aim is to minimize the energy consumption of the overall heterogeneous network while preserving the Quality of Service (QoS) experienced by users. We model such a system at the flow level, considering a dynamic user configuration, and derive, using Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), optimal sleep/wake up schemes based on the information on traffic load and user localization in the cell, in the cases where this information is complete, partial or delayed. Our results quantify the energy consumption and QoS perceived by the users in each of these cases and identify the tradeoffs between those two quantities. We also illustrate numerically the optimal policies in different traffic scenarios.
Aportes del trabajo social en los "cursos de preparación a la jubilación": una experiencia en Andalucía (2006)

Aportes del trabajo social en los cursos de preparacion a la jubilacion: una experiencia en Andalucia
Broadband plasmonic device concentrating the energy at the nanoscale: The crescent-shaped cylinder (2010)

A new strategy has been proposed recently to design broadband plasmonic nanostructures capable of a significant nanofocusing of light. Applying a singular conformal transformation to a thin slab of metal, a cylinder with a crescent-shaped cross section is obtained. In this study, the corresponding theory is derived analytically and different physical insights are provided to analyze the broadband light harvesting and nanofocusing properties of this device. The optical response of the crescent is deduced by solving the metal-slab problem. The nanostructure is shown to exhibit a continuous absorption cross section which redshifts for thin crescents due to a decrease of the surface plasmon velocity. The field enhancement induced by the nanostructure is also derived analytically. The nanofocusing performance is shown to result from a balance between dissipation losses and surface-plasmons velocity. This implies a strong dependence of the field enhancement on the frequency and the crescent geometry. Numerical simulations have also been performed to investigate the effect of radiative losses when the structure dimension becomes comparable to the wavelength. Radiative damping makes the absorption cross section saturate at the level of the physical cross section. The field enhancement decreases with the size of the device. The crescent structure is shown to be quite robust to radiation losses, which opens perspectives for applications such as single-molecule detection.
Artificially ambiguous genetic code confers growth yield advantage (2004)

A primitive genetic code is thought to have encoded statistical, ambiguous proteins in which more than one amino acid was inserted at a given codon. The relative vitality of organisms bearing ambiguous proteins and the kinds of pressures that forced development of the highly specific modern genetic code are unknown. Previous work demonstrated that, in the absence of selective pressure, enforced ambiguity in cells leads to death or to sequence reversion to eliminate the ambiguous phenotype. Here, we report the creation of a nonreverting strain of bacteria that produced statistical proteins. Ablating the editing activity of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase resulted in an ambiguous code in which, through supplementation of a limited supply of isoleucine with an alternative amino acid that was noncoding, the mutant generating statistical proteins was favored over the wild-type isogenic strain. Such organisms harboring statistical proteins could have had an enhanced adaptive capacity and could have played an important role in the early development of living systems.
Abnormal diastolic filling patterns in chronic heart failure—relationship to exercise capacity (1992)

Abnormal patterns of diastolic ventricular filling are well recognized in chronic heart failure, but their relationship to the severity of heart failure is not known. The present study evaluates the relationship of diastolic filling indices to the severity of heart failure and to exercise capacity. In 40 patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischaemic left ventricular impairment, exercise capacity was measured as peak oxygen consumption (V02max) by progressive treadmill exercise. Left ventricular function was assessed by M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic indices. Peak aortic velocity correlated weakly with V02max (R = +0.38, P<0.05). VO2max did not correlate with other systolic indices, including mean aortic acceleration, time to peak velocity, or isovolumic contraction time. V02max correlated with the mitral inflow E/A ratio (R=−0.57, P<0.005) and with the Doppler estimate of isovolumic relaxation time (R= −0.48, P<0.01). Two distinct patterns of diastolic filling were observed: subjects with mild-to-moderate heart failure (N YHA grade II, V02max 15–20 ml. kg−1. min−1) had abnormally low E/A ratios and long isovolumic relaxation times, whereas those with severe heart failure (NYHA grade III-IV, V02max <12 ml. kg−1. min−1) had abnormally high E/A ratios and short isovolumic relaxation times. Different patterns of abnormal diastolic filling with different degrees of severity of heart failure may explain some of the previous controversy as to the prevalence of abnormal diastolic function in chronic heart failure. Exercise capacity in chronic heart failure appears more closely related to abnormalities of diastolic filling pattern than to indices of systolic function.
HIV-1 Gag co-opts a cellular complex containing DDX6, a helicase that facilitates capsid assembly (2012)

To produce progeny virus, human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) Gag assembles into capsids that package the viral genome and bud from the infected cell. During assembly of immature capsids, Gag traffics through a pathway of assembly intermediates (AIs) that contain the cellular adenosine triphosphatase ABCE1 (ATP-binding cassette protein E1). In this paper, we showed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) that these Gag-containing AIs also contain endogenous processing body (PB)-related proteins, including AGO2 and the ribonucleic acid (RNA) helicase DDX6. Moreover, we found a similar complex containing ABCE1 and PB proteins in uninfected cells. Additionally, knockdown and rescue studies demonstrated that the RNA helicase DDX6 acts enzymatically to facilitate capsid assembly independent of RNA packaging. Using IEM, we localized the defect in DDX6-depleted cells to Gag multimerization at the plasma membrane. We also confirmed that DDX6 depletion reduces production of infectious HIV-1 from primary human T cells. Thus, we propose that assembling HIV-1 co-opts a preexisting host complex containing cellular facilitators such as DDX6, which the virus uses to catalyze capsid assembly.
Seasonal affective disorder (1989)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) appears to be a disturbance of circadian rhythm caused by desynchronization between the solar clock and the human biologic clock during seasons of short photoperiods. The supplemental bright light of phototherapy resynchronizes the disturbed rhythm; however, a comprehensive theory to explain the mechanism of phototherapy is lacking. Future research on the action of melatonin and serotonin and the photochemical effect of light in relation to possible circadian rhythm disorders should help us to better understand and treat not only SAD but other conditions such as jet lag, premenstrual syndrome, eating disorder, and carbohydrate-craving obesity.
<title>Spectroellipsometric characterization of SIMOX with a very thin Si layer</title> (1996)

Spectroellipsometric characterization of SIMOX (Si, Separated by IMplanted OXygen) with very thin top Si layer is presented. The measured spectra of (Psi) and (Delta) were analyzed with the model Air/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/top-Si/embedded SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/c-Si, and are explained well by the use of the established table values of dielectric constants < (epsilon) > of Si and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and taking account of the thickness fluctuation in the embedded SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer with an appropriate thickness distribution function. Model dielectric functions are also applied to < (epsilon) > of the top Si layer to detect the size effect. It was found that the < (epsilon) > of top Si layer with thickness down to 4.3 nm is exactly the same as that of the single crystal silicon.
Non-asbestos insulation testing using a plasma torch (2000)

Insulation obsolescence issues are a major concern for the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM). As old sources of raw materials disappear, new sources must be found and qualified. No simple, inexpensive test presently exists for predicting the erosion performance of a candidate insulation in the full-scale motor, Large motor tests cost million of dollars and therefore can only be used on a few very select candidates. There is a need for a simple, low cost method of screening insulation performance that can simulate some of the different erosion environments found in the RSRM. This paper describes a series of erosion tests on two different non-asbestos insulation formulations, a KEVLAR(registered) fiber-filled and a carbon fiber-filled insulation containing Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber as the binder. The test instrument was a plasma torch device. The two main variables investigated were heat flux and alumina particle impingement concentration. Statistical analysis revealed that the two different formulations had very different responses to the main variable. The results of this work indicate that there may be fundamental differences in how these insulation formulations perform in the motor operating environment. The plasma torch appears to offer a low-cost means of obtaining a fundamental understanding of insulation response to critical factors in a series of statistically designed experiments.
Fast, robust message forwarding for inter-vehicle communication netw (2006)

In previous papers, the authors presented the link layer for a communications architecture for reliable adaptive vehicular ad hoc networks (CARAVAN). This robust space division multiplexing protocol mitigates the threat of a variety denial of service attacks on the inter-vehicle communication (IVC) network. However, this type of protocol tends to produce larger multi-hop message latencies than carrier sense link layer protocols, such as the one proposed in the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) IVC standards. This paper presents physical layer specification and network layer protocol for CARAVAN, which address this drawback. The physical layer is split into two frequency bands with radio ranges that are selected based on the requirements of the messages carried in each band. The network protocol includes message forwarding rules and a method that leverages the benefits of varying radio ranges to speed delivery of a-periodic messages. The results of simulation studies demonstrate that with these new features, CARAVAN produces message propagation latencies that are analogous to or better than less secure, currently proposed IVC protocols
Future Nanomedicine for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2014)

Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) are largely palliative until the joints become totally dysfunctional and prosthetic replacement becomes necessary. Effective methods are needed for diagnosing OA and monitoring its progression during its early stages, when the effects of therapeutic drugs or biological agents are most likely to be effective. Theranostic nanosomes and nanoparticles have the potential to noninvasively detect, track and treat the early stages of OA. As articular cartilage does not regenerate once it is degraded, cell-based treatments aided by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle tracking are attractive future treatment modalities for the later stages of OA progression, when significant cartilage replacement is needed. This article will describe the current and future translational approaches for the detection and noninvasive treatment of degenerative OA.
Sensitivity to Interferon is Conferred by Amino Acid Substitutions in the NS5A Region (1995)

We have previously demonstrated that sensitivity to interferon is different among hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies simultaneously detected in same individuals and that interferon-resistant HCV quasispecies are selected during the treatment. To determine the genetic basis of their resistance to interferon, HCV genotype-lb was obtained from serum of three patients before and during interferon therapy, and their full-length nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined. Comparison of the pairs of interferon-resistant and interferon-sensitive HCV isolates in respective individuals demonstrated clusters of amino acid differences in the COOH-terminal half of the NS5A region (codon 2154-2383), which contained a common unique amino acid difference at codon 2218. Additional sequence data of the COOH-terminal half of the NS5A region obtained from six interferon-resistant and nine interferonsensitive HCV confirmed the exclusive existence of missense mutations in a 40 amino acid stretch of the NS5A region around codon 2218 (from codon 2209 to 2248) in interferonsensitive HCV. On the other hand, this region of interferonresistantHCV was identical to that of prototypeHCV genotype-lb (HCV-J, HCV-JTa, or HC-J4). We designated this region as the interferon sensitivity determining region. Thus,HCV genotype-lb with the prototype interferon sensitivity determining region appears to be interferon-resistant strains. The specific nature of these mutations might make
Carbohydrate binding specificity of the B-cell maturation mitogen from Artocarpus integrifolia seeds. (1994)

Artocarpin, a mannose-specific lectin, is a homotetrameric protein (M(r) 65,000) devoid of covalently attached carbohydrates and consists of four isolectins with pI in the range 5-6.5. Investigations of its carbohydrate binding specificity reveal that among monosaccharides, mannose is preferred over glucose. Among mannooligosaccharides, mannotriose (Man alpha 1-3[Man alpha 1-6]Man) and mannopentaose are the strongest ligands followed by Man alpha 1-3Man. Extension of these ligands by GlcNAc at the reducing ends of mannooligosaccharides tested remarkably improves their inhibitory potencies, while substitution of both the alpha 1-3 and alpha 1-6 mannosyl residues of mannotriose and the core pentasaccharide of N-linked glycans (Man alpha 1-3[Man alpha 1-6]Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc) by GlcNAc or N-acetyllactosamine in beta 1-2 linkage diminishes their inhibitory potencies. Sialylated oligosaccharides are non-inhibitory. Moreover, the substitution of either alpha 1-3 or alpha 1-6 linked mannosyl residues of M5Gn or both by mannose in alpha 1-2 linkage leads to a considerable reduction of their inhibitory power. Addition of a xylose residue in beta 1-2 linkage to the core pentasaccharide improves the inhibitory activity. Considering the fact that artocarpin has the strongest affinity for the xylose containing hepasaccharide from horseradish peroxidase, which differs significantly from all the mannose/glucose-specific lectins, it should prove a useful tool for the isolation and characterization of glycoproteins displaying such structure.
How fast is fast enough? (2013)

Although advances in touchscreen technology have provided us with more precise devices, touchscreens are still laden with latency issues. Common commercial devices present with latency up to 125ms. Although these levels have been shown to impact users' perception of the responsiveness of the system [16], relatively little is known about the impact of latency on the performance of tasks common to direct-touch interfaces, such as direct physical manipulation.
Role Of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate As A Cavity Cleanser In Amalgam Restorations In Relation To Immediate Post - Operative Sensitivity (2003)

It is extremely important to prevent post-operative sensitivity following placement of amalgam restoration. An attempt had been made by conducting a study in 27 patients (having 30 class I and/or class II lesions) for post-operative sensitivity after amalgam restorations by using CHX as a cavity cleanser in one group and distilled water in another for toilet of the cavity. There was a significant remarkable reduction in post-operative sensitivity where CHX was used as cavity cleanser. Hence CHX should be routinely advocated as a cavity cleanser. Moreover it is also very effective in prevention of dental caries primarily due to its action on mutans streptococci.