gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site of Action of Low Dose Ketoconazole on Androgen Biosynthesis in Men* (1983)

Ketoconazole inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in men, but the exact site of its action on the androgen pathway remains to be established. To examine this question, we measured several steroids in the androgen and glucocorticoid pathways in normal men before and after receiving either a single dose of 200 mg ketoconazole or placebo in a cross-over randomized trial. Total and free plasma testosterone fell to levels 60% below basal within 4-8 h (P less than 0.02 in all) and then returned to control concentrations by 24 h after drug administration. The transient alterations of plasma testosterone correlated well with ketoconazole blood levels, which peaked at 2 h and fell exponentially thereafter. A compensatory increase in plasma LH at 24 h in the drug but not placebo group was consistent with the decrease in plasma testosterone. The levels of plasma androstenedione paralleled those of testosterone in the ketoconazole-treated subjects. In marked contrast, plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased at 4-8 h (all P less than 0.02) before returning to basal values at 24 h. This rise in precursor with fall in product steroid implicated an effect of ketoconazole on the C17-20 lyase enzyme. This conclusion was supported by the highly significant increase in the ratio of plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione observed between 2 and 24 h after drug administration. The effect of ketoconazole at this dose level appeared relatively specific, since no decrements in plasma cortisol or 11-desoxycortisol were found. During chronic administration of 200 mg ketoconazole daily, decrements of plasma testosterone 2-4 h after drug administration were minimal and documented only by paired comparisons within subjects but not by unpaired tests between normal men and men receiving drug. The lack of major effects on testosterone levels long term at this dosage probably explain why few androgen-related side effects with this drug were previously reported. Ketoconazole, therefore, represents another compound with relatively selective effects on a cytochrome P-450-mediated steroid hydroxylation step, namely that involved with C17-20 lyase.
Handwritten address interpretation using word recognition with and without lexicon (2002)

This paper describes an address interpretation system developed for determining the nine-digit ZIP code in mail pieces containing handwritten addresses. The system consists of 1) skew and slant correction, 2) line segmentation, 3) recognition of ZIP code field using context-free strategies, 4) recognition of street number field, 5) recognition of the PO Box field (if valid), and 6) evaluation of the recognition performance using all "bha" address images. In the evaluation test, the error rate of street line recognition was 1.45% with 40.14% accept rate and 1.62% with 40.71% accept rate when the National ZIP+4-database was used for street name lexicon generation or consistency check of ZIP Code and PO Box number.
Basal cell carcinoma of the nasolabial fold: an apparently ‘benign’ tumour that often needs complex surgery (2006)

We have observed that BCC on the nasolabial fold, despite presenting with better clinical and histological features, needed more complicated surgery. In our opinion, this location warrants a particular attention and further prospective studies should be made to corroborate our findings.
[Antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory effects of berberine]. (1989)

Berberine sulfate (Ber) 40 and 80 mg/kg ig reduced the purging effects of castor oil or Cassia angustifolia leaf in mice, but did not affect the gastrointestinal transport function of Chinese ink in normal mice. Ber 60 mg/kg ig significantly inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by ip 0.7% acetic acid in mice. Ber 20 and 50 mg/kg sc markedly inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine 100 micrograms/0.1 ml ic in rats. Ber 4 and 8 mg/kg sc produced obvious inhibition in the xylene-induced swelling of mouse ear. The anti-inflammatory effects were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that the antidiarrheal effect of Ber is relative to its restriction against exudative inflammation to a certain extent.
Compressed sensing of multiview images using disparity compensation (2010)

Compressed sensing is applied to multiview image sets and inter-image disparity compensation is incorporated into image reconstruction in order to take advantage of the high degree of inter-image correlation common to multiview scenarios. Instead of recovering images in the set independently from one another, two neighboring images are used to calculate a prediction of a target image, and the difference between the original measurements and the compressed-sensing projection of the prediction is then reconstructed as a residual and added back to the prediction in an iterated fashion. The proposed method shows large gains in performance over straightforward, independent compressed-sensing recovery. Additionally, projection and recovery are block-based to significantly reduce computation time.
The Road Travelled: After Main‐Group Elements as Transition Metals (2018)

Abstract Since the latter quarter of the twentieth century, main group chemistry has undergone significant advances. Power's timely review in 2010 highlighted the inherent differences between the lighter and heavier main group elements, and that the heavier analogues resemble transition metals as shown by their reactivity towards small molecules. In this concept article, we present an overview of the last 10 years since Power's seminal review, and the progress made for catalytic application. This examines the use of low oxidation state and/or low coordinate group 13 and 14 complexes towards small molecule activation (oxidative addition step in a redox based cycle) and how ligand design plays a crucial role in influencing subsequent reactivity. The challenge in these redox based catalytic cycles still centres on the main group complexes’ ability to undergo reductive elimination, however considerable progress in this field has been reported via reversible oxidative addition reactions. Within the last 5 years the first examples of well‐defined low valent main group catalysts have begun to emerge, representing a bright future ahead for main group chemistry.
Compensating seismic amplitude for transmission losses in the overburden (1994)

We develop a transmission amplitude compensation that corrects seismic data for gross transmission losses in the overburden, regardless of the depth of the anomalies. It is a three-stage process and is based in reflection tomography. First the RMS amplitude of unstacked seismic data is measured within time-windows. Next, a tomographic inversion decomposes the amplitudes into transmission-loss factors along ray-paths of wave propagation. This decomposition generates a transmission loss map that is finally used to predict amplitude loss and to compensate the seismic data accordingly.
Progress Toward JAK1-Selective Inhibitors (2015)

The discovery of the JAK-STAT pathway was a landmark in cell biology. The identification of these pathways has changed the landscape of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. The two first (unselective) JAK inhibitors have recently been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of myelofibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis and many other JAK inhibitors are currently in clinical development or at the discovery stage. Research groups have demonstrated the different roles of JAK member and the therapeutic potential of targeting them selectively. JAK1 plays a critical and potentially dominant role in the transduction of γc cytokine (γc = common γ chain) and in IL-6 signaling. In this review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art research that evokes JAK1 selective inhibition.
<title>Synthetic jet actuators for flow control</title> (1999)

The synthetic jet actuator is a novel means of applying flow control that lends itself to incorporation into micro- electro-mechanical systems. Experimental and computational studies of the flow generated by this actuator are presented and discussed. The synthetic jet is seen to resemble a steady turbulent jet. Self-similarity is, however, achieved closer to the orifice in the case of the synthetic jet, and this is consistent with the observation from the numerical simulations that a main vortex is trapped close to the orifice. This main vortex merges with the secondary vortex that is generated at the circumference of the orifice during each cycle of oscillation of the actuator membrane. The effect of synthetic jets on wake flows and flames has also been examined. Preliminary results of these investigations suggest that synthetic jets can significantly reduce drag and enhance mixing.
Resonant Microcantilevers for the Determination of the Loss Modulus of Thin Polymer Films (2011)

The increasing interest in polymer materials creates the need for accurate tools to characterize their mechanical properties. Due to energy dissipation in polymers during deformation, these materials exhibit viscoelastic behavior. Accurate determination of these viscoelastic properties and, more specifically, viscous losses, remains challenging and mainly unknown for thin polymer films. In this paper, a straightforward method to determine the loss modulus of organic materials using resonating microcantilevers has been developed. The extracted results for polyisobutylene show the variation of viscous losses over a large range of frequencies (7-350 kHz).
The role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in mobilization and transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor and stem cells . (1995)

The article provides a review of the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for mobilization and transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor and stem cells. Recombinant gene technology has permitted the production of highly purified material for therapeutic use in humans. Progenitor cells can be assessed using semisolid and liquid culture assays or direct immunofluorescence analysis of cells expressing CD34. This antigen is found on lineage-determined hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as on more primitive stem cells with extensive self-renewal capacity. Administration of G-CSF during steady-state hematopoiesis or following cytotoxic chemotherapy leads to an increase of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the peripheral blood. The level of circulating CD34+ cells post-chemotherapy is greater compared with G-CSF administration during steady state. On the other hand, CD34+ cells harvested post-chemotherapy contain a smaller proportion of more primitive progenitor cells (CD34+/HLA-DR- or CD34+/CD38-) compared with G-CSF treatment alone. Independent of the mobilization modality, the amount of previous cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy adversely affects the yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells. While continuous subcutaneous administration of G-CSF between 5 and 16 micrograms/kg bodyweight is preferred, additional dose-finding studies may be helpful to optimize current dose schedules. Adhesion molecules like L-selectin, VLA (very late antigen)-4 and LFA (leukocyte function antigen)-1 are likely to play a role in mobilization, since these antigens are expressed on CD34+ cells from bone marrow in different densities compared with blood-derived CD34+ cells collected following G-CSF-supported cytotoxic chemotherapy. It is also relevant for transplantation that during G-CSF-enhanced recovery post-chemotherapy, peripheral blood is enriched with a greater proportion of CD34+ cells expressing Thy-1 in comparison with CD34+ cells from bone marrow samples obtained on the same day or before the mobilization therapy was started. The early nature of the CD34+/Thy-1+ cells is very likely since this phenotype has been found on stem cells from human fetal liver and bone marrow and on cord blood cells. As a result, G-CSF-mobilized blood stem cells provide rapid and sustained engraftment following high-dose therapy, including myeloablative regimens. Positive selection of CD34+ cells as well as ex vivo expansion using different cytokines are currently being investigated for purging and improvement of short-term recovery post-transplantation. Future developments include the use of blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells for somatic gene therapy. The availability of growth factors has been an important prerequisite for the development of these new avenues for cell therapy.
The slab geometry laser - Part II: Thermal effects in a finite slab (1985)

This paper presents two methods for calculating the thermally induced stress, focusing, and depolarization in a pumped zigzag-slab solid-state laser. A computer program capable of detailed calculations of thermal effects in the general case is described. An approximate analysis of slab thermal effects in many cases allows calculation of these effects without use of the computer model directly. The analysis predicts that slabs of square cross section can be designed to have low depolarization and thermal focusing compared to Nd:YAG laser rods.
Hot-Carrier Degradation Phenomena in Lateral and Vertical DMOS Transistors (2004)

The hot-carrier degradation behavior of both a lateral and a vertical integrated DMOS transistor is investigated in detail by the analysis of the electrical data, charge pumping measurements and two-dimensional device simulations. Upon hot-carrier stress, two different, and competing degradation mechanisms are present: channel electron mobility reduction due to interface trap formation, and injection and trapping of hot holes in the accumulation region of the transistor. It will be shown that the latter mechanism is absent in the vertical DMOS.
Infrared Imager Requirements for Breast Cancer Detection (2007)

Infrared imaging was introduced into medicine in the late 1950s, early studies suggested there were applications of the technology in areas as diverse as detection of breast cancer and malfunctions of the nervous system, however the early instrumentation was not sensitive enough to detect the subtle changes in temperature needed to accurately detect and monitor disease. In recent years the sensitivity of infrared instruments has greatly improved. In this paper the bioheat transfer equation is solved for a simplified model of a female breast and a cancerous tumor in order to quantify the minimum size of a tumor or the maximum depth of a certain sized tumor that a modern state-of-the-art imager can detect. Finite Element simulations showed that current state-of-the-art imagers are capable of detecting 3 cm tumors located deeper than 7 cm from the skin surface and tumors smaller than 0.5 cm can be detected if they are close to the surface of the skin.
Oxidized LDL potentiates LPS-induced transcription of the chemokine KC gene (1996)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to modulate the expression of multiple gene products associated with inflammation in several different cell types including mononuclear phagocytes. The reported effects vary dramatically, however, depending upon cell type, stimulus, and degree of LDL oxidation. In the present report, oxidized LDL has been found to markedly potentiate expression of the KC chemokine gene in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Pretreatment of elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages with oxidized LDL but not native LDL produced a significant enhancement of LPS-induced KC mRNA expression, whereas levels of IP-10 mRNA, another CXC chemokine, were altered in opposite fashion. The alteration in KC mRNA expression was dependent upon the dose, exposure time, and extent of LDL oxidation. Oxidized LDL selectively prolonged the expression of KC mRNA. Surprisingly this was not a consequence of altered mRNA stability, but rather of prolonged transcription. These effects on KC gene transcription were in marked contrast to previous reports demonstrating inhibitory effects of oxidized LDL on LPS-induced macrophage chemokine expression. Thus extensively oxidized LDL acts on the transcriptional control process in macrophages in both positive and negative fashion on separate members of the same gene family.
Beam-Generated Beam—Plasma System (1963)

The generation of a plasma as a result of passing a magnetically focused cylindrical electron beam thorugh a neutral gas is treated. It is theoretically shown on the basis of a particle diffusion model and has been experimentally verified that a certain minimum critical pressure is required for the beam to generate a plasma. For gas pressures in excess of this critical pressure, the equilibrium plasma density is greater than would be expected only from ionizing collisions between primary beam electrons and neutral gas molecules. This increased plasma density is associated with the generation of microwave noise.
Stripe Patterns Formed on a Glass Surface during Droplet Evaporation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStripe Patterns Formed on a Glass Surface during Droplet EvaporationEiki Adachi, Antony S. Dimitrov, and Kuniaki NagayamaCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 4, 1057–1060Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00004a003https://doi.org/10.1021/la00004a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3900Altmetric-Citations366LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RESOLVING CRUDE-OIL EMULSIONS (1992)

The production and refining of crude oils uses a range of chemical additives to remove the emulsified water associated with the oils. The subject of crude oil emulsion treatment is one which was first discussed in Chemistry and Industry nearly 50 years ago, when Lawrence described his involvement in the chemical demulsification of fuel oil emulsions in support of the war effort. A subsequent report provided more mechanistic evidence on the origins of stability in crude oil emulsions, and the role particular chemicals played in their treatment. These topics will be reviewed in the light of a further 30 years of crude oil emulsion research and demulsification chemical development. (author).
Serotonergic drugs and spinal cord transections indicate that different spinal circuits are involved in external urethral sphincter activity in rats (2006)

Lower urinary tract function is regulated by spinal and supraspinal reflexes that coordinate the activity of the urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter (EUS). Two types of EUS activity (tonic and bursting) have been identified in rats. This study in urethane-anesthetized female rats used cystometry, EUS electromyography, spinal cord transection (SCT) at different segmental levels, and analysis of the effects of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) and antagonist (WAY100635) drugs to examine the origin of tonic and bursting EUS activity. EUS activity was elicited by bladder distension or electrical stimulation of afferent axons in the pelvic nerve (pelvic-EUS reflex). Tonic activity evoked by bladder distension was detected in spinal cord-intact rats and after acute and chronic T8-9 or L3-4 SCT but was abolished after L6-S1 SCT. Bursting activity was abolished by all types of SCT except chronic T8-9 transection. 8-OH-DPAT enhanced tonic activity, and WAY100635 reversed the effect of 8-OH-DPAT. The pelvic-EUS reflex consisted of an early response (ER) and late response (LR) when the bladder was distended in spinal cord-intact rats. ER remained after acute or chronic T8-9 and L3-4 SCT, but was absent after L6-S1 SCT. LR occurred only in chronic T8-9 SCT rats where it was enhanced or unmasked by 8-OH-DPAT. The results indicate that spinal serotonergic mechanisms facilitate tonic and bursting EUS activity. The circuitry for generating different patterns of EUS activity appears to be located in different segments of the spinal cord: tonic activity at L6-S1 and bursting activity between T8-9 and L3-4.
Red Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Dynamics of Cytoplasmic Calcium Ions (2013)

We see red (and yellow and green): Probe 1 was developed for the visualization of cytoplasmic Ca2+, a pivotal second messenger in many biological responses. The new probe is suitable for multicolor imaging for the simultaneous detection of metal ions or proteins and is superior to the existing red fluorescent probe Rhod-2 for the monitoring of cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillation in cultured cells (see fluorescence images of cells with 1 (top) and Rhod-2 (bottom)). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
HERG K+ channel, a regulator of tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation. (2002)

The human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) encodes K+ channel identified as a molecular target for mutations underlying some forms of the long Q-T syndrome, a lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Recent studies revealed that HERG is abundantly expressed in a variety of tumor cells. Yet, the role of HERG in tumor cells had remained unclear. Here, we show that HERG conductance markedly promotes H2O2-induced apoptosis of various tumor cells, whereas HERG expression facilitates the tumor cell proliferation caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand (TNF-alpha). Immunostaining and immunocoprecipitation reveal coexpression of HERG and TNF receptor 1 on the cytoplasmic membrane, which is correlated with greater activities of nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in HERG-expressing tumor cells. Our data suggest that HERG K+ channel is a regulator of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis and provide a potential new target for cancer therapy.
Integrin Alpha 9 Blockade Suppresses Lymphatic Valve Formation and Promotes Transplant Survival (2016)

Lymphatic valvulogenesis is critically involved in transplant rejection. Itga-9 targeting may offer a new and effective strategy to interfere with the immune responses and promote graft survival.