gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineralized Tissue Formation by BMP2-transfected Pulp Stem Cells (2009)

Previously, in vitro differentiation of odontoblasts was shown for dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp2). For this study, we hypothesized that such cells also show potential for mineralized tissue formation in vivo. DPSCs were transfected with Bmp2 and seeded onto a ceramic scaffold. These complexes were cultured in medium without dexamethasone, and thereafter placed subcutaneously in nude mice for 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Samples were evaluated by histology and real-time PCR for osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1. Results indicated that only the transfected DPSCs showed obvious mineralized tissue generation, and 12 weeks of implantation gave the highest percentage of mineralized tissue formation (33 +/- 7.3% of implant pore area). Real-time PCR confirmed these results. In conclusion, Bmp2-transfected DPSCs effectively show mineralized tissue formation upon ectopic implantation.
Classifier-Based Data Transmission Reduction in Wearable Sensor Network for Human Activity Monitoring (2020)

The recent development of wireless wearable sensor networks offers a spectrum of new applications in fields of healthcare, medicine, activity monitoring, sport, safety, human-machine interfacing, and beyond. Successful use of this technology depends on lifetime of the battery-powered sensor nodes. This paper presents a new method for extending the lifetime of the wearable sensor networks by avoiding unnecessary data transmissions. The introduced method is based on embedded classifiers that allow sensor nodes to decide if current sensor readings have to be transmitted to cluster head or not. In order to train the classifiers, a procedure was elaborated, which takes into account the impact of data selection on accuracy of a recognition system. This approach was implemented in a prototype of wearable sensor network for human activity monitoring. Real-world experiments were conducted to evaluate the new method in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and accuracy of human activity recognition. Results of the experimental evaluation have confirmed that, the proposed method enables significant prolongation of the network lifetime, while preserving high accuracy of the activity recognition. The experiments have also revealed advantages of the method in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms for data transmission reduction.
Raising Revenues for Charity: Auctions Versus Lotteries (2006)

We report an experiment conducted to gain insight into factors that may affect revenues in English auctions and lotteries, two commonly used charity fund-raising formats. In particular, we examine how changes in the marginal per capita return (MPCR) from the public component of bidding, and how changes in the distribution of values affect the revenue properties of each format. Although we observe some predicted comparative static effects, the dominant result is that lottery revenues uniformly exceed English auction revenues. The similarity of lottery and English auction bids across sales formats appears to drive the excess lottery revenues.
Oxidation of β‐Phenylethylamine by Both Types of Monoamine Oxidase: Examination of Enzymes in Brain and Liver Mitochondria of Eight Species (1981)

beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) was characterized as a substrate for type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in brain and liver mitochondria of eight species at different substrate concentrations. In all species, at 10.0 microM, PEA was almost specific for type B MAO. At 1000 microM, however, the amine was common for both types of MAO in rat brain and liver, human brain and liver, mouse brain, guinea pig brain and liver, and bovine brain, while it was specific for type B MAO in mouse liver, rabbit brain and liver, bovine liver, pig brain and liver, and chicken brain and liver. From the present study, when PEA is used as a type B substrate, it is recommended that the substrate concentration should be sufficiently low to avoid the effects of species and tissue differences.
Short Notices (1953)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access CHARLES JOHNSON CHARLES JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXVIII, Issue CCLXIX, October 1953, Pages 634-b–635, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXVIII.CCLXIX.634-b Published: 01 October 1953
Synthesis and Structure of a Stable Silylene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structure of a Stable SilyleneMichael Denk, Robert Lennon, Randy Hayashi, Robert West, Alexander V. Belyakov, Hans P. Verne, Arne Haaland, Matthias Wagner, and Nils MetzlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2691–2692Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5130Altmetric-Citations692LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perspectives on Utilizing Unique Features of Microfluidics Technology for Particle and Cell Sorting (2009)

Sample preparation is often the most tedious and demanding step in an assay, but it also plays an essential role in determining the quality of results. As biological questions and analytical methods become increasingly sophisticated, there is a rapidly growing need for systems that can reliably and reproducibly separate cells and particles with high purity, throughput and recovery. Microfluidics technology represents a compelling approach in this regard, allowing precise control of separation forces for high performance separation in inexpensive, or even disposable, devices. In addition, microfluidics technology enables the fabrication of arrayed and integrated systems that operate either in parallel or in tandem, in a capacity that would be difficult to achieve in macro-scale systems. In this report, we use recent examples from our work to illustrate the potential of microfluidic cell- and particle-sorting devices. We demonstrate the potential of chip-based high-gradient magnetophoresis that enable high-purity separation through reversible trapping of target particles paired with high-stringency washing with minimal loss. We also describe our work in the development of devices that perform simultaneous multi-target sorting, either through precise control of magnetic and fluidic forces or through the integration of multiple actuation forces into a single monolithic device. We believe that such devices may serve as a powerful "front-end" module of highly integrated analytical platforms capable of providing actionable diagnostic information directly from crude, unprocessed samples - the success of such systems may hold the key to advancing point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.
Data-adaptive polarization filters for multichannel geophysical data (1981)

Abstract The design of data-adaptive filters requires that the noise be defined, statistically or otherwise, by parameters which allow some means of separating the noise from the signal. We consider here multichannel data in which one knows only that the noise is less polarized than the signal in a unitary space. This description of the noise is not sufficient for designing filters which are optimum in any sense; consequently, the filters may require a number of changes in the parameters before a satisfactory design can be found. Once this design has been achieved, the filters can be used to enhance waveforms of arbitrary shape, requiring little prior knowledge of the spectral content or temporal features of the signal. In contrast to many other data-adaptive filters which give a scalar time-series output, the filters we describe here with vector time series input have an equal number of input and output channels. A number of examples of filtered magnetic and seismic data are given in order to emphasize the wide range of uses for the filters. Some suggestions for application of the filters to multichannel seismic data are given.
A Review on Generative Adversarial Networks: Algorithms, Theory, and Applications (2021)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have recently become a hot research topic; however, they have been studied since 2014, and a large number of algorithms have been proposed. Nevertheless, few comprehensive studies explain the connections among different GAN variants and how they have evolved. In this paper, we attempt to provide a review of the various GAN methods from the perspectives of algorithms, theory, and applications. First, the motivations, mathematical representations, and structures of most GAN algorithms are introduced in detail, and we compare their commonalities and differences. Second, theoretical issues related to GANs are investigated. Finally, typical applications of GANs in image processing and computer vision, natural language processing, music, speech and audio, the medical field, and data science are discussed.
Supramolecular latching system based on ultrastable synthetic binding pairs as versatile tools for protein imaging (2018)

Here we report ultrastable synthetic binding pairs between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and adamantyl- (AdA) or ferrocenyl-ammonium (FcA) as a supramolecular latching system for protein imaging, overcoming the limitations of protein-based binding pairs. Cyanine 3-conjugated CB[7] (Cy3-CB[7]) can visualize AdA- or FcA-labeled proteins to provide clear fluorescence images for accurate and precise analysis of proteins. Furthermore, controllability of the system is demonstrated by treating with a stronger competitor guest. At low temperature, this allows us to selectively detach Cy3-CB[7] from guest-labeled proteins on the cell surface, while leaving Cy3-CB[7] latched to the cytosolic proteins for spatially conditional visualization of target proteins. This work represents a non-protein-based bioimaging tool which has inherent advantages over the widely used protein-based techniques, thereby demonstrating the great potential of this synthetic system.
<i>Math1</i> : An Essential Gene for the Generation of Inner Ear Hair Cells (1999)

The mammalian inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibular organs, which are responsible for hearing and balance, respectively. The epithelia of these sensory organs contain hair cells that function as mechanoreceptors to transduce sound and head motion. The molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell development and differentiation are poorly understood. Math1, a mouse homolog of the Drosophila proneural gene atonal, is expressed in inner ear sensory epithelia. Embryonic Math1-null mice failed to generate cochlear and vestibular hair cells. This gene is thus required for the genesis of hair cells.
Ferrimagnetic Fe<sup>III</sup>−Mn<sup>III</sup> Zigzag Chain Formed by a New <i>mer</i>-Positioned Iron(III) Cyanide Precursor (2007)

A new cyanide-bearing molecular precursor, mer-[Fe(pzcq)(CN)(3)]- (1), and a zigzag chain, [Fe(pzcq)(CN)(3)][Mn(salen)].4H(2)O (2), were prepared and characterized in terms of structure and magnetism. Magnetic data reveal that intrachain antiferromagnetic couplings via cyanide ligands in 2 are clearly operating, resulting in a ferrimagnetic nature.
[Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease]. (2000)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Since the etiology of both diseases, is undetermined the causal therapy do not exist. Medical treatment has focused on nonspecific suppressions of the inflammatory process. There are four groups of IBD drugs: anti-inflammatory medicaments, immunomodulators, antidiarrheal agents, and biologic therapy. In a last year immunosuppressives become the very essential IBD drugs. Azathioprine is drug of choice for chronically active Crohn's disease; methotrexate become the second line immunosuppressive drug. It appears that anti-TNG monoclonal antibodies, cA2 (infliximab) may produce rapid control of active Crohn's disease and achieve tissue healing. Topically acting glucocorticosteroids are a safer than standard glicocorticosteroids in ileocolonic Crohn's disease. Cyclosporin is becoming a drug of choice in severely active ulcerative colitis. Anti-inflammatory agents, sulfasalazine and 5-ASA drugs are recommended in treatment mild and moderately active IBD and as maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis. Corticosteroids still have the main role in the treatment of active IBD. There is no convincing data for efficacy of corticosteroids as maintenance therapy.
Cycloaddition Reaction of 2,3-Disubstituted Oxiranes with Isocyanates by Highly Activated Catalyst; Ph4SbI–Bu3SnI (1986)

Abstract The combination of Ph4SbI and Bu3SnI proved to be a new excellent catalyst for effecting cycloaddition reaction of inactive 2,3-disubstituted oxiranes with isocyanates under neutral conditions, yielding oxazolidinones in high yields, while either of both metal iodides had no activity individually.
Using Model-Based “Learn and Confirm” to Reveal the Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics Relationship of Pembrolizumab in the KEYNOTE-001 Trial (2016)

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties played an important role in the early clinical development of pembrolizumab. Because analysis of data from a traditional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design revealed several critical uncertainties, a model-based approach was implemented to better understand these properties. Based on anticipated scenarios for potency and PK nonlinearity, a follow-up study was designed and thoroughly evaluated. Execution of 14,000 virtual trials led to the selection and implementation of a robust design that extended the low-dose range by 200-fold. Modeling of the resulting data demonstrated that pembrolizumab PKs are nonlinear at <0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks, but linear in the clinical dose range. Saturation of ex vivo target engagement in blood began at ≥1 mg/kg every 3 weeks, and a steady-state dose of 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks was needed to reach 95% target engagement, supporting examination of 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks in ongoing trials in melanoma and other advanced cancers.
Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the induction of tyrosinase in Coprinus macrorhizus. (1980)

The addition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and related glucose analogues to the cultures of Coprinus macrorhizus resulted in the induction of tyrosinase production and inhibition of fruiting body formation. The induction was inhibited by cycloheximide or high concentrations of glucose. Electrophoretic analyses revealed that tyrosinase, peroxidase, and tyrosinase inhibitors were present in crude mycelial extracts and that the production of an unusual tyrosinase isozyme was responsible for the enzyme induction.
Physostigmine in Mania (1978)

Seven men and one woman with primary affective disorder, mania, were given a slow intravenous infusion of physostigmine salicylate. In six patients, mood and thought content changed from mania toward depression as evaluated by either a visual analog mood scale or the Pettersen scale. Two other patients, who were the only predominantly irritable manics in the study, demonstrated little change in their hostility, although one became somewhat depressed. These findings are consistent with earlier reports of suppression of manic symptoms after physostigmine infusion in some but not all patients with mania. The pharmacologic mechanism of physostigmine reversal of manic symptoms may be the direct result of increased cholinergic activity or a result of the effect of increased cholinergic activity on other brain neurotransmitters.
Studying Protein kinases PKCζ and PKMζ with the Resonant Recognition Model. Implications for the study of Memory Mechanisms (2017)

PKMζ is a brain-specific protein kinase that has been suggested as playing a key role in memory consolidation mechanisms. It is identical to catalytic portion of another protein kinase, PKCζ. Lacking the regulatory end, PKMζ is several times more active than PKCζ. However, knowledge about PKMζ mechanisms in memory consolidation is patchy, and sometimes contradictory. The resonant recognition model (RRM) might shed some light in understanding PKMζ role on memory consolidation. This is the first attempt in literature to apply the RRM to the study of PKMζ and PKCζ. We obtained that PKMζ presents a spectral peak at the resonant recognition frequency of fRRM= 0.063 (likely, corresponding to the infrared frequency of 3190 nm) and another peak at f<sub>RRM</sub> =0.211(950 nm in the near infrared). Peak at f<sub>RRM</sub>= 0.063 is also shared by PKCζ, and the peak at f<sub>RRM</sub> =0.211 is similar to the one recently reported in literature for regulatory proteins. We hypothesize that irradiating with a weak light infrared source at these frequencies would modify long term potentiation results. Finally, a scheme for resonant interactions in PKMζ and PKCζ is proposed. <strong>Palabras claves:</strong> long term potentiation, protein kinases, resonant recognition model, bioinformatics.
Structural Diversity Based on Cyclopropane Scaffolds (2000)

[structure: see text] A practical and efficient route for the stereoselective conversion of easily accessible homoallylic alcohols to diastereomerically pure cis- and trans-disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopropanes has been developed. The diversity of structures that can be prepared and the simplicity of the overall sequence make this route ideal for extension to solid-phase synthesis techniques and ultimately combinatorial library generation.
Novel histamine H<sub>4</sub>receptor ligands and their potential therapeutic applications: an update (2014)

We demonstrate that the number of published patent applications reached a maximum in 2009 and showed some decrease in the last few years. On the other hand, the field is still very lively, reflected by the numerous publications on novel potential therapeutic applications. The favorable property profile of H4 ligands in development shows promise for the upcoming human clinical trials.
Physical basis of time series models for water table depths (2000)

The relationship between precipitation excess and water table depth can be described by empirical time series models such as transfer function noise models, autoregressive exogenous variable models (ARX), and threshold autoregressive self‐exciting open loop models. In this paper these models are interpreted in terms of the water balance of a soil column. A physically based ARX model is used to predict the effect of an intervention on the water table dynamics at two locations. It is shown that the physically based ARX model predicts the effect of interventions reasonably well.
The pore geometry of pharmaceutical coatings: statistical modelling, characterization methods and transport prediction (2020)

This thesis contains new methods for bridging the gap between the pore geometry of porous materials and experimentally measured functional properties. The focus has been on diffusive transport in pharmaceutical coatings used in controlled drug delivery systems, but the methods are general and can be applied to other porous materials and functional properties. Relatively large datasets are needed to train realistic models connecting the pore geometry and diffusive transport properties of porous materials. 3-D statistical pore models based on microscopy images of the coating material were in this thesis used to generate large sets of pore structures, in which diffusive transport was computed numerically. Characterization measures capturing important features of the pore geometry were developed and used as predictors of diffusive transport rates in multiplicative regression models. The characterization measures have been implemented in a freely available software, MIST. In Paper I, a Gaussian random field based pore model was developed and fitted to microscopy images of the coating material. Due to the large size of the data, the model was formulated using a Gaussian Markov random field approximation, which allows for efficient inference. A new method for solving linear equations with Kronecker matrices which reduced the complexity of the model fitting algorithm considerably was developed. The pore model was found to fit the microscopy images well. In Paper II, characterization measures that have been shown to provide good regression models for diffusive transport rates were developed further and implemented. Multiplicative regression models were fitted to pore structures from the model from Paper I, and the new methods were shown to give improved results. In Papers III and V characterization measures that capture a type of bottleneck effect which was observed in another set of microscopy images of the coating material (Papers III and IV), but which is not captured by existing methods, were invented. Pore structures with this type of bottleneck were generated using 3-D statistical pore models, and the new type of bottleneck was found to be an important determinant of diffusive transport rates when the regression models were fitted to simple pore structures (Paper V).
Advanced hybrid Li–air batteries with high-performance mesoporous nanocatalysts (2014)

Hybrid Li–air batteries fabricated with mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoflakes directly grown onto nickel foam and N-doped mesoporous carbon loaded onto a hydrophobic carbon paper, respectively, as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are found to exhibit the best reported cycle life.
Focused helium and neon ion beam induced etching for advanced extreme ultraviolet lithography mask repair (2014)

The gas field ion microscope was used to investigate helium and neon ion beam induced etching of nickel as a candidate technique for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography mask editing. No discernable nickel etching was observed for room temperature helium exposures at 16 and 30 keV in the dose range of 1 × 1015–1 × 1018 He+/cm2; however, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed subsurface damage to the underlying Mo-Si multilayer EUV mirror. Subsequently, neon beam induced etching at 30 keV was investigated over a similar dose range and successfully removed the entire 50 nm nickel top absorber film at a dose of ∼3 × 1017 Ne+/cm2. Similarly, TEM revealed subsurface damage in the underlying Mo-Si multilayer. To further understand the helium and neon damage, the authors simulated the ion–solid interactions with our EnvizION Monte-Carlo model, which reasonably correlated the observed damage and bubble formation to the nuclear energy loss and the implanted inert gas concentration, respectively. A critical nuclear energy density loss of ∼80 eV/nm3 and critical implant concentration of ∼2.5 × 1020 atoms/cm3 have been estimated for damage generation in the multilayer structure.