gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Social Benefits from an Increase in Productivity in a Part of an Industry (1982)

Productivity often increases in a part of an industry while remaining unchanged in the rest of the industry. In assessing the social gain from a productivity increase in a part of an industry producing a tradeable commodity it is necessary to consider the relationships between the part of the industry affected, the industry in the rest of the country concerned and the industry in the rest of the world. In this paper an attempt to assess the social benefits of serrated tussock control on the tablelands of New South Wales is critically reviewed and found wanting. An analytical framework is outlined that is conceptually appropriate to that task, and to other situations where cost per unit of output is reduced in a part of an industry. The social gains from the control of serrated tussock on the New South Wales tablelands are recalculated. A discussion is also presented of some issues in the distribution of the gains from research.
Aharonov-Bohm effect in charge-density wave loops with inherent temporal current switching (2012)

We report evidence for Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations with temporal current switching at 5.1 and 79K by using charge-density wave (CDW) loops in TaS3 ring crystals. The periodicity of the AB oscillations is h/2e, and this is confirmed by employing four samples with different diameters. This means that sliding CDWs carry 2e charge quanta. We observe current switching between the two states, namely the high and low urrent states, as a result of the separation of field-dependent and time-dependent fluctuations. The probability distribution of the switching oscillates also with a period of h/2e. We discover that the bserved oscillations, which are a superposition of the current fluctuations and the switching behavior, have a period h/2e.
Elixir: Effective object-oriented program repair (2017)

This work is motivated by the pervasive use of method invocations in object-oriented (OO) programs, and indeed their prevalence in patches of OO-program bugs. We propose a generate-and-validate repair technique, called ELIXIR designed to be able to generate such patches. ELIXIR aggressively uses method calls, on par with local variables, fields, or constants, to construct more expressive repair-expressions, that go into synthesizing patches. The ensuing enlargement of the repair space, on account of the wider use of method calls, is effectively tackled by using a machine-learnt model to rank concrete repairs. The machine-learnt model relies on four features derived from the program context, i.e., the code surrounding the potential repair location, and the bug report. We implement ELIXIR and evaluate it on two datasets, the popular Defects4J dataset and a new dataset Bugs.jar created by us, and against 2 baseline versions of our technique, and 5 other techniques representing the state of the art in program repair. Our evaluation shows that ELIXIR is able to increase the number of correctly repaired bugs in Defects4J by 85% (from 14 to 26) and by 57% in Bugs.jar (from 14 to 22), while also significantly out-performing other state-of-the-art repair techniques including ACS, HD-Repair, NOPOL, PAR, and jGenProg.
The angiopoietin 1/angiopoietin 2 balance as a prognostic marker in primary glioblastoma multiforme (2008)

The results of the present study suggest that the ANGPT1/ANGPT2 balance has prognostic value in patients with primary GBMs. The authors' findings support the need for further studies of the feasibility of antiangiogenic therapy in primary GBMs, with a special focus on the normalization of tumor vasculature.
Influence of Respiratory Rate on Stroke Volume Variation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (2009)

Respiratory variations in stroke volume and its derivates are affected by RR, but caval index was unaffected. This suggests that right and left indices of ventricular preload variation are dissociated. At high RRs, the ability to predict the response to fluids of stroke volume variations and its derivate may be limited, whereas caval index can still be used.
Anion Stability in Stannylium, Oxonium, and Silylium Salts of the Weakly Coordinating Anion [C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>-1,2-{B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(μ-OCH<sub>3</sub>)]<sup>-</sup> (2001)

Reaction of [Ph3C]+[C6F4-1,2-{B(C6F5)2}2(μ-OCH3)]-, 1, with Bu3SnH gives the solvated stannylium ion [Bu3Sn(arene)]+[C6F4-1,2-{B(C6F5)2}2(μ-OCH3)]-, 2, as a light brown oil (δ 119Sn = 434 ppm). This material is thermodynamically stable toward transfer of the chelated OMe- anion to “Bu3Sn+” as evidenced by the reaction of free diborane C6F4-1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2 with 2 equiv of Bu3SnOMe. This reaction produces the stannyloxonium complex [(Bu3Sn)2OCH3]+[C6F4-1,2-{B(C6F5)2}2(μ-OCH3)]-, 3 (δ 119Sn = 277 ppm), which is stable at −60 °C. Upon warming, the cation in 3 undergoes decomposition to unidentified products, while the anion remains intact. Ion pair 2 reacts rapidly with ethereal HCl in CH2Cl2 to generate Bu3SnCl and the oxonium acid [(Et2O)2H]+[C6F4-1,2-{B(C6F5)2}2(μ-OCH3)]-, 4, isolated in 76% yield as a white, crystalline solid. Acid 4 is thermally stable in solution and was characterized crystallographically. The C2B2OMe core of the anion in 4 deviates from planarity due to intermolecular interactions in the crystal, in contrast to the structures found in other ion pairs with this anion. Reaction of 2 with anhydrous HCl gives the unsymmetrical MeOH adduct of C6F4-1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2, 5, which was separately synthesized by direct reaction of methanol with the free diborane. The anion [C6F4-1,2-{B(C6F5)2}2(μ-OCH3)]- is not stable in the presence of the triethylsilylium ion, generated from 1 and Et3SiH.
Spread-spectrum code acquisition in the presence of Doppler shift and data modulation (1990)

A spread-spectrum code acquisition technique for a direct-sequence (DS) system in the presence of Doppler effect and data modulation is investigated. Both the carrier-frequency offset and code-frequency offset due to severe Doppler effect are considered. The code-chip slipping during the correlation process caused by code-frequency offset can degrade the acquisition performance significantly. However, this issue can be alleviated by compensating code-frequency offset in an appropriate manner. Results are presented for the cases with and without data modulation. Coherent detection is considered when there is no data modulation. If data modulation is present, the authors partition the correlation time into subintervals and the integration results in these subintervals are square-law noncoherently combined for detection. The implementation of this code acquisition technique using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is described. The use of theoretical results to estimate the hardware complexity of an actual system is illustrated step by step, showing that implementation is feasible with existing technology. The tradeoff between hardware complexity and acquisition performance is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conversational interfaces for e-commerce applications (2000)

article Free Access Share on Conversational interfaces for e-commerce applications Author: Mark Lucente Soliloquy, Inc., New York, NY Soliloquy, Inc., New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 9Sept. 2000 pp 59–61https://doi.org/10.1145/348941.348988Published:01 September 2000Publication History 14citation1,405DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations14Total Downloads1,405Last 12 Months72Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Cyclic Polyolefins. XXI. Alkylcycloöctatetraenes and Alkylcycloöctatrienes from Cycloöctatetraene and Alkyllithium Compounds (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Polyolefins. XXI. Alkylcycloöctatetraenes and Alkylcycloöctatrienes from Cycloöctatetraene and Alkyllithium CompoundsArthur C. Cope and Harris O. Van OrdenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 1, 175–179Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01121a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01121a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulforaphane-induced Cell Death in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Is Initiated by Reactive Oxygen Species (2005)

We have shown previously that sulforaphane (SFN), a constituent of many edible cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, suppresses growth of prostate cancer cells in culture as well as in vivo by causing apoptosis, but the sequence of events leading to cell death is poorly defined. Using PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells as a model, we now demonstrate, for the first time, that the initial signal for SFN-induced apoptosis is derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure of PC-3 cells to growth-suppressive concentrations of SFN resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis. All these effects were significantly blocked on pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine and overexpression of catalase. The SFN-induced ROS generation was significantly attenuated on pretreatment with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitors, including diphenyleneiodonium chloride and rotenone. SFN treatment also caused a rapid and significant depletion of GSH levels. Collectively, these observations indicate that SFN-induced ROS generation is probably mediated by a nonmitochondrial mechanism involving GSH depletion as well as a mitochondrial component. Ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, in PC-3 cells offered significant protection against the cell death caused by SFN. In addition, SFN treatment resulted in an increase in the level of Fas, activation of caspase-8, and cleavage of Bid. Furthermore, SV40-immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Bid knock-out mice displayed significant resistance toward SFN-induced apoptosis compared with wild-type MEFs. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that SFN-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is initiated by ROS generation and that both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase cascades contribute to the cell death caused by this highly promising cancer chemopreventive agent.
Photoionization of molecular hydrogen (1978)

A theoretical formulation of diatomic photoionization is given in terms of an entirely body-frame Hund’s case b description. Within this formalism, the electronic wavefunctions for both the bound initial state and the free final state of photoionization are described with conventional configuration interaction wavefunctions expanded in a Gaussian basis. The Stieltjes imaging procedure is used to recover the continuum oscillator strength from the discrete eigenspectrum. The continuum oscillator strength is combined with variationally determined vibrational wavefunctions to yield model photoelectron spectra, specific v–v ionization cross sections, a photoion kinetic energy spectrum, dissociative ionization spectra, and a total photoionization spectrum. For a series of photon energies near threshold, cross sections from these calculations are compared with previous theoretical results and with recent experimental measurements.
STUDY OF THE COIL STRUCTURE FOR WIRELESS CHIP-TO-CHIP COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS (2013)

In this work, we propose a merged coil structure for wireless chip-to-chip communication technology. Using the proposed coil structure, the chip size can be reduced, and the transmitted power can be improved by approximately 5dB compared to typical coil structure. To verify the feasibility of the coil, an electromagnetic simulation and a schematic simulation are performed. The coil was implemented using 50-nm digital CMOS technology. From the experimental results, the feasibility was proved.
Ontology-based web site mapping for information exploration (1999)

Centralized search process requires that the whole collection reside at a single site. This imposes a burden on both the system storage of the site and the network traffic near the site. It thus comes to require the search process to be distributed. Recently, more and more Web sites provide the ability to search their local collection of Web pages. Query brokering systems are used to direct queries to the promising sites and merge the results from these sites. Creation of meta-information of the sites plays an important role in such systems. In this article, we introduce an ontology-based web site mapping method used to produce conceptual meta-information, the Vector Space approach, and present a serial of experiments comparing it with Naïve-Bayes approach. We found that the Vector Space approach produces better accuracy in ontology-based web site mapping.
Herpes simplex virus-infected human fibroblasts are resistant to and inhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity (1992)

We examined the ability of human anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to lyse autologous human fibroblasts infected with HSV. In contrast to HSV-infected human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells (LCL), which were lysed by HLA-restricted anti-HSV CTL, autologous fibroblasts infected with HSV were resistant to lysis. This resistance was not due to a lack of infectivity or production of HSV proteins since greater than 90% of the cells were infected and expressed abundant levels of viral proteins. HSV-infected human fibroblasts were also tested for susceptibility to lysis by alloantigen-specific CTL. Although allogeneic LCL and uninfected allogeneic fibroblasts were killed, human fibroblasts infected with HSV demonstrated a time-dependent resistance to lysis by alloantigen-specific CTL. HSV-infected human fibroblasts were not resistant to all forms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity since they were sensitive to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Although one may suspect that the resistance of HSV-infected human fibroblasts to anti-HSV CTL and alloantigen-specific CTL-mediated lysis was due to a lack of major histocompatibility complex expression, Confer et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3609-3613, 1990) previously demonstrated that incubation of human natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells with monolayers of human fibroblasts infected with HSV "disarmed" the killers in that they were unable to lyse sensitive target cells. We extend their results and show that incubation of anti-HSV CTL or alloantigen-specific CTL with uninfected fibroblasts did not affect their lytic activity, whereas CTL incubated with HSV-infected fibroblasts for 2 to 6 h rendered the CTL incapable of lysing their normally sensitive target cells. Indeed, human fibroblasts infected for merely 2 h with HSV were able to profoundly inhibit the cytotoxic activity of alloantigen-specific CTL. Thus, HSV-infected human fibroblasts are not inherently resistant to lysis by anti-HSV CTL or alloantigen-specific CTL, but rather contact of CTL with HSV-infected fibroblasts resulted in inactivation of the CTL. The inactivation of CTL appears to be HSV specific since incubation of alloantigen-specific CTL in sandwich assays with fibroblasts infected with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2 resulted in inactivation, whereas incubation of CTL with fibroblasts infected with adenovirus or vaccinia virus had no effect. Further, although incubation of alloantigen-specific CTL in sandwich assays with HSV-infected fibroblasts resulted in inhibition of CTL activity, exposure of CTL in Transwell cultures to cell-free supernatant from HSV-infected fibroblasts did not mediate this inhibitory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Resolution improvement in optical projection tomography by the focal scanning method (2010)

Optical projection tomography (OPT) requires the depth of field (DOF) of the lens to cover at least half of the sample. There is a trade-off between obtaining high resolution with a high-NA lens and obtaining large DOF with a low-NA lens. The DOF of a high-NA objective lens can be extended by scanning its focal plane through the sample. We call this extended DOF image a "pseudoprojection." Images reconstructed from these pseudoprojections have isometric resolution, which can be the same as the lateral resolution of the high-NA objective. The focal scanning method produces an over 10× improvement in OPT resolution.
Combination of multiple classifiers for handwritten word recognition (2003)

Due to large shape variations in human handwriting, recognition accuracy of cursive handwritten word is hardly satisfying using a single classifier. In this paper we introduce a framework to combine results of multiple classifiers and present an intuitive run-time weighted opinion pool combination approach for recognizing cursive handwritten words with a large size vocabulary. The individual classifiers are evaluated run-time dynamically. The final combination is weighted according to their local performance. For an open vocabulary recognition task, we use the ROVER algorithm to combine the different strings of characters provided by each classifier. Experimental results for recognizing cursive handwritten words demonstrate that our new approach achieves better recognition performance and reduces the relative error rate significantly.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman SpectroscopyMichael D. Morris and David J. WallanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 2, 182A–192APublication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 1 February 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50038a751RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Phase change mechanisms in Ge2Sb2Te5 (2007)

We study the phase transition from amorphous to face-centered-cubic (fcc) polycrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films. The transformation has the peculiar characteristic, still not well understood, of coexisting high transition rates at low annealing temperature (with grain growth velocities of the order of 1nm∕min at 140°C) and large activation energies (about 2–2.5eV). In this work all kinetic parameters governing the transition have been determined by in situ transmission electron microscopy analysis. They are thermally activated and consistently show large anomalies in the preexponential terms of transient and steady-state nucleation rates and grain growth rate. A possible explanation for these observations is described, based on a recently proposed atomic structure of the fcc Ge2Sb2Te5, characterized by a high level of disorder and distortion at the short range.
Evaluating the SwirlerTM nebulizer (1998)

The change from multi-use to single-use nebulizer systems could potentially result in greatly increased expense for aerosol ventilation imaging and a larger waste disposal problem. We have therefore investigated a new compact single-use nebulizer system, the Swirler (Amici), for ventilation lung imaging using 99Tcm-DTPA aerosol. Seventy-five patients requiring lung ventilation/perfusion imaging were studied. The ventilation imaging was assessed using three different fills: Group 1, 1000 MBq in 2 ml; Group 2, 1000 MBq in 4 ml; and Group 3, 2000 MBq in 4 ml. The nebulization times to give 1200 counts s-1 on the posterior ventilation image were similar for Groups 1 and 3 (mean 4 min) but slower for Group 2 (mean 6 min). Room contamination was very low when performed in a room with an extractor device. The mean room air contamination was 117.0 Bq l-1 min-1 for Group 1 amd 27.6 Bq l-1 min-1 for Group 2, comparable to previous nebulizers we have used. Dose rates measured at the surface of the lead shielded nebulizer were 6.8 microSv h-1 for 1000 MBq in 2 ml and 10.9 microSv h-1 for 2000 MBq in 4 ml. The mass median diameter (span) without the extension tubing was 1.39 microns (1.85) and with a small extension tube reduced to 1.11 microns (1.70). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of image quality showed good peripheral airways penetration of particles with no uninterpretable scans, comparable with other systems we have used. In practical terms, the device is much more compact than other systems and therefore generates a much smaller volume of waste. It is an easy device to use. However, when ventilating patients supine or erect, we found that it was necessary to use the small extension tube.