gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods of weighted combination for text field recognition in a video stream (2020)

Due to a noticeable expansion of document recognition applicability, there is a high demand for recognition on mobile devices. A mobile camera, unlike a scanner, cannot always ensure the absence of various image distortions, therefore the task of improving the recognition precision is relevant. The advantage of mobile devices over scanners is the ability to use video stream input, which allows to get multiple images of a recognized document. Despite this, not enough attention is currently paid to the issue of combining recognition results obtained from different frames when using video stream input. In this paper we propose a weighted text string recognition results combination method and weighting criteria, and provide experimental data for verifying their validity and effectiveness. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the use of such weighted combination is appropriate for improving the quality of the video stream recognition result.
Oxygen production using solid-state zirconia electrolyte technology (1991)

High purity oxygen is required for a number of scientific, medical, and industrial applications. Traditionally, these needs have been met by cryogenic distillation or pressure swing adsorption systems designed to separate oxygen from air. Oxygen separation from air via solid-state zirconia electrolyte technology offers an alternative to these methods. The technology has several advantages over the traditional methods, including reliability, compactness, quiet operation, high purity output, and low power consumption.
A Company/University Joint Venture to Build a Knowledge-Based System (1988)

A joint venture between a university-based research institute and a health insurance company to build a knowledge-based system to perform medical review of health insurance claims is described. In an early formal test, the system made appropriate decisions for approximately 70% of the claims. The remaining claims were referred to human reviewers in accordance with company policy. Forming a joint venture proved to be a reasonable cost alternative to distant and more expensive consultants. The article examines the impact of the differing cultures of the company and the university on the cohesion in the joint knowledge engineering group. It also examines the current literature on the development cycle for building knowledge-based systems as the framework for analyzing the events in this project, particularly the influence of the claims review task on system design. From another perspective, it examines participant roles in terms of shifts of attention among domain knowledge, knowledge representation, system performance, and the kinds of skills needed to improve the evolving system. The conclusion includes a series of recommendations that may assist other companies and universities setting up similar joint ventures.
The Newly Industrialising Countries of Asia (1992)

This book presents a comparative analysis of the Newly Industrialising Countries (NICS) of Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan) in the light of analytical debates in the development economics literature, the factors which explain their emergence, and their future in the increasingly hostile international economic environment of the 1990s. Revised and updated, this new edition takes into account the recent momentous changes that have hit the NICs, including the asian currency crisis.
Overview of electrochemical double layer capacitors (2002)

Electrochemical liquid double layer capacitors (ELCC) are energy storage devices with properties intermediate between batteries and electrolytic capacitors. The commercial success of carbon based ELCC is due to their low cost, extremely high cycle life, and wide range of operating temperatures. They are used mainly for power backup for electronic circuits where the properties mentioned above give ELCC advantages over rechargeable batteries. ELCC are a promising candidate for load leveling applications in electric vehicles and also pulse power applications. Nonaqueous electrolytes, such as organics, solid polymers, and inorganics offer higher energy densities due to the greater decomposition voltages. Advanced ELCC will likely use metal oxides or conductive polymers to provide higher energy and power densities than carbon based ELCC.
Narrow line high power picosecond pulse generation in a multicontact distributed feedback laser using modified Q switching (1993)

High power bandwidth-limited picosecond pulses with peak powers in excess of 200 mW have been generated using multicontact distributed feedback laser diodes for the first time. The pulses have widths typically less than 10 ps, time-bandwidth products of as little as 0.24, and can be generated on demand at generator limited repetition rates of up to 140 MHz.
Preparing porcelain surfaces for optimal bonding. (2008)

When placing an indirect restoration such as a porcelain veneer, inlay, or onlay, the intaglio surface is typically treated in some fashion to ensure optimal bonding to the resin-based adhesives and luting cements required to affix it to the tooth tissues. A variety of surface preparation techniques have been advocated, including the use of acids, particle abrasion, various adhesives, and chemical couplers such as silane. There is often equivocation in the literature regarding the effectiveness of these materials and surface preparation techniques. This article will attempt to make some sense of the various methodologies currently advocated for the treatment of porcelain surfaces before placement.
Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection (2003)

Abstract – Very dense arrays of micron-sized magnetic sensors combined with micron sensor spacing on a single chip can detect very small magnetic fields with high spatial resolution. These changes in magnetic fields are in the milligauss range, approximately 500 times less than Earth’s field, and are required for magnetic biosensors, non-destructive test/inspection/evaluation, precision position measurement, document validation and magnetic imaging applications. By using a silicon substrate for the sensor elements, the signal conditioning and logic capability of integrated circuits can be utilized to reduce size, weight and power while optimizing system performance when compared to a collection of sensors supplying raw signals to a processor. This integrated technique, also, reduces the effect of noise and greatly simplifies the sensor/signal-processing interface. Applications of these very dense and sensitive micro-arrays will be discussed during the presentation including its possible implications for
Prevalence and temporal stability of selected clostridial groups in irritable bowel syndrome in relation to predominant faecal bacteria (2006)

The differences in faecal bacterial population between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and control subjects have been reported in several studies. The aim of the present study was to compare the predominant and clostridial faecal microbiota of IBS subjects and healthy controls by applying denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and a recently developed multiplexed and quantitative hybridization-based technique, transcript analysis with the aid of affinity capture (TRAC). According to the results, the studied clostridial groups (Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium lituseburense and Clostridium leptum) represented the dominant faecal microbiota of most of the studied subjects, comprising altogether 29-87% of the total bacteria as determined by the hybridized 16S rRNA. The C. coccoides-E. rectale group was the dominant subgroup of clostridia, contributing a mean of 43% of the total bacteria in control subjects and 30% (constipation type) to 50% (diarrhoea type) in different IBS symptom category subjects. The proportion of the C. coccoides-E. rectale group was found to be significantly lower in the constipation-type IBS subjects than in the control subjects. DNA-based PCR-DGGE and RNA-based RT-PCR-DGGE analyses targeted to the predominant bacterial population showed considerable biodiversity as well as uniqueness of the microbiota in each subject, in both control and IBS subject groups. The RT-PCR-DGGE profiles of the IBS subjects further indicated higher instability of the bacterial population compared to the control subjects. The observations suggest that clostridial microbiota, in addition to the instability of the active predominant faecal bacterial population, may be involved in IBS.
On the reactivity of isoxazoles with Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub> (2004)

Abstract Ring opening with molybdenum hexacarbonyl of functionalized isoxazoles is a valuable synthetic process. Tetrazolopyridine 4 and pyrazolopyridine 9 were obtained from isoxazolopyridines 3 and 6 , respectively, whereas the isoxazole 14 gave ketone 16 through the intermediate 17.
A test of the subsidy–stability hypothesis: the effects of terrestrial carbon in aquatic ecosystems (2014)

Global change is altering the movement of materials across landscapes in ways that likely have major consequences for the functioning and stability of ecosystems. For example, the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems is increasing globally. This browning phenomenon is expected to alter the stability of recipient aquatic ecosystems, but theory provides contrasting predictions about the form and direction of this response. We created a gradient in terrestrial DOC supply by adding humic substances on weekly basis to 10 experimental ponds (10 6 L each) over a growing season. The manipulation of terrestrial DOC supply had strong effects on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the pond ecosystems. Light attenuation linearly increased with terrestrial DOC supply, which created a shading effect that negatively influenced whole‐pond gross primary production and respiration. Despite this, bacterial contributions to basal energy mobilization and respiration increased with terrestrial DOC supply indicating that aquatic food webs were subsidized by terrestrial inputs. After establishing the DOC gradient, we used dynamic linear models to test the subsidy–stability hypothesis by measuring the resilience and sensitivity of each pond to a pulse nutrient perturbation. We found that recovery from the perturbation decreased nonlinearly along a gradient in terrestrial DOC supply. Reciprocal transplant experiments indicated that owing primarily to its light attenuating properties and recalcitrant nature, terrestrial DOC diminished aquatic ecosystem stability by reducing nutrient turnover rates (NTR). Together, our results demonstrate that global‐change‐mediated alterations in the movement of material and energy between habitats can have unpredictable and dramatic impacts on the reliability of ecosystem services.
Transform-limited 14ps optical pulse generation with 15GHz repetition rate by InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator (1992)

A 15GHz optical pulse train with time-bandwidth product of 0.32 for soliton transmission was generated by a sinusoidally driven InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator, for the first time. By using the pulse compression effect caused by the nonlinear attenuation response to the applied voltage, a transform-limited optical pulse train with a width of 14 ps and a spectral width of 23GHz was successfully generated just using sinusoidal modulation, without using any electrical and optical resonators.
The evaluation of stylized facial expressions (2006)

Stylized rendering aims to abstract information in an image making it useful not only for artistic but also for visualization purposes. Recent advances in computer graphics techniques have made it possible to render many varieties of stylized imagery efficiently. So far, however, few attempts have been made to characterize the perceptual impact and effectiveness of stylization. In this paper, we report several experiments that evaluate three different stylization techniques in the context of dynamic facial expressions. Going beyond the usual questionnaire approach, the experiments compare the techniques according to several criteria ranging from introspective measures (subjective preference) to task-dependent measures (recognizability, intensity). Our results shed light on how stylization of image contents affects the perception and subjective evaluation of facial expressions.
Digital electronic controller for above knee leg prostheses (1988)

ABSTRACT A digital electronic controller scheme has been proposed to control the angle at knee and ankle joints in above knee ( A/ K) lower extremity prostheses during locomotion. The control strategy is based on close scrutiny of locomotion in normal human beings. Laboratory testing of the proposed sequential network confirmed the uniqueness of the controller in providing signals to get desired state of prostheses at every stage during swing phase of walking. The use of such a controller would relieve handicapped subjects of awkwardness during walking and there will not be unnecessary stress on the remaining part of an amputated limb. If successful in field testing such a controller can be mass-produced and would offer advantages of compactness, lightness and high efficiency. Apart from prosthetic devices the controller may find applications in robot arm movements
Molecular and crystal structure of a high-temperature polymorph of chitosan from electron diffraction data (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular and crystal structure of a high-temperature polymorph of chitosan from electron diffraction dataKarim Mazeau, William T. Winter, and Henri ChanzyCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 26, 7606–7612Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00104a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Testbed for ROADM and WXC Based Metro WDM Networks (2005)

A testbed for metro wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is realized and tested. The testbed contains a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) node, a 2x2 wavelength cross-connect (WXC) node, and two interconnected two-fiber bidirectional path protected switching ring networks (TF-BPSR). Both the ROADM and WXC node are bidirectional nodes, so they can select channels from the working and the protection ring networks simultaneously, and they support both protected and unprotected services. The ROADM node uses a flexible band tunable filter (FBTF) to drop a waveband from the input WDM signals and send the express channels directly to the output port. As a result, the physical impairment accumulated on the express channels can be minimized. It also has a modular structure, so additional modules can be cascaded to expand the capacity and functionality of the node without any interruption to current services. The WXC node is realized with interconnected ROADM modules that are comprised of wavelength selective switches (WSSes). Arbitrary wavelength or wavelength sets can be either dropped in the node or cross-connected in a non-blocking manner. Multiple services, such as OC-48 and OC-192 SONET signals, gigabit Ethernet streams carrying interactive movie signals, and live video broadcasting services, are carried in the network, dropped in the ROADM and WXC node, and switched between the two ring networks. The testbed is controlled by a websever based network management system that facilitates remote control and monitoring. Experiments demonstrate that the performance of the nodes and the testbed meets the requirement of the services.
Studies on Sustained Release II: in Vivo Performance of the Inert Matrix Sulfamethizole Tablet, Employing Polymethylmethacrylate (1986)

The in vivo performance of the developed sustained release preparation was assessed on eight subjects. Based upon urinary excretion rates, in vivo data supported previous in vitro dissolution test results. An overall release/excretion rate of 32.6 mg/hr was obtained. The blood levels were assayed for intact drug and were fit to a three exponential equation employing the program AUTOAN. First order release rate constant of 1.33 hr was calculated, but the fits were not very satisfactory Although the blood levels were in an acceptable range, it is concluded that a faster releasing dosage form would be more appropriate This might require however, switching to another dosage form.
Therapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Without Driver Alterations: ASCO and OH (CCO) Joint Guideline Update (2020)

All patients with nonsquamous NSCLC should have the results of testing for potentially targetable mutations (alterations) before implementing therapy for advanced lung cancer, regardless of smoking status recommendations, when possible, following other existing high-quality testing guidelines. Most patients should receive targeted therapy for these alterations: Targeted therapies against <i>ROS</i>-1 fusions, <i>BRAF</i> V600e mutations, <i>RET</i> fusions, <i>MET</i> exon 14 skipping mutations, and <i>NTRK</i> fusions should be offered to patients, either as initial or second-line therapy when not given in the first-line setting. New or revised recommendations include the following: Osimertinib is the optimal first-line treatment for patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (exon 19 deletion, exon 21 L858R, and exon 20 T790M); alectinib or brigatinib is the optimal first-line treatment for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions. For the first time, to our knowledge, the guideline includes recommendations regarding <i>RET, MET, and NTRK</i> alterations. Chemotherapy is still an option at most stages.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines.
Red photoluminescence in praseodymium-doped titanate perovskite films epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition (2006)

Intense red photoluminescence (PL) under ultraviolet (UV) excitation was observed in epitaxially grown Pr-doped Ca0.6Sr0.4TiO3 perovskite films. The films were grown on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and their epitaxial growth was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and reflected high-energy electron diffraction. The observed sharp PL peak centered at 610nm was assigned to the transition of Pr3+ ions from the D21 state to the H43 state. The PL intensity was markedly enhanced by postannealing treatments at 1000°C, above the film-growth temperature of 600 or 800°C. Because the excitation and absorption spectra are similar to each other, it was suggested that the UV energy absorbed by the host lattice was transferred to the Pr ions, resulting in the red luminescence.
Efficient Solar Water Splitting, Exemplified by RuO<sub>2</sub>-Catalyzed AlGaAs/Si Photoelectrolysis (2000)

Contemporary models are shown to significantly underestimate the attainable efficiency of solar energy conversion to water splitting, and experimentally a cell containing illuminated AlGaAs/Si RuO2/Ptblack is demonstrated to evolve H2 and O2 at record solar driven water electrolysis efficiency. Under illumination, bipolar configured Al0.15Ga0.85As (Eg = 1.6 eV) and Si (Eg = 1.1 eV) semiconductors generate open circuit and maximum power photopotentials of 1.30 and 1.57 V, well suited to the water electrolysis thermodynamic potential: H2O → H2 + 1/2O2; E°H2O = EO2 − EH2; E°H2O(25 °C) = 1.229 V. The E°H2O/photopotential matched semiconductors are combined with effective water electrolysis O2 or H2 electrocatalysts, RuO2 or Ptblack. The resultant solar photoelectrolysis cell drives sustained water splitting at 18.3% conversion efficiencies. Alternate dual band gap systems are calculated to be capable of attaining over 30% solar photoelectrolysis conversion efficiency.
Superior nano-mechanical properties of reduced graphene oxide reinforced polyurethane composites (2015)

RGO reinforced polymer composites with significantly enhanced nanomechanical properties useful for automobile, wind mill blade industries and also in hard and scratch-less coatings on automotive vehicles have been synthesized.
Rapid purification of a high-affinity plasminogen activator from human blood plasma by specific adsorption on fibrin/Celite. (1981)

A preparation of fibrin precipitated over a solid Celite (diatomaceous earth) matrix that selectively binds 50-70% of the plasminogen activator present in human blood plasma is described. Affinity chromatography of plasma on fibrin/Celite followed by gel filtration led to a 29,000-fold purification of the plasminogen activator. The activator, referred to as the high-affinity plasminogen activator, is characterized by its ability to be strongly adsorbed by fibrin. Smaller amounts of other plasminogen activators and essentially all plasminogen were not bound to fibrin. The high-affinity plasminogen activator is a single-chain unstable protease with a molecular weight of 65,000-70,000. The high-affinity plasminogen activator has a low specific activity (500 CTA units/mg) compared to tissue or urine plasminogen activators (100,000-200,000 CTA units/mg) (CTA, Committee on Thrombolytic Agents).
Transform feed for low sidelobe space-fed lens phased array antenna (2005)

This study explored the use of a two-dimensional transform feed to provide overlapped subarray illumination in an optically-fed active lens phased array. The feed forms a set of over-lapped subarray beams which illuminate the rear face of the array lens. The lens contains transmit/receive (T/R) modules (active lens) and/or phase shifters (passive lens) and front and rear face radiating elements. The multi-element transform feed is comprised of a beamforming network having N beamports and in series with each beamport is a time delay unit, phase shifter, and circulator. The feed time delay units and phase shifters provide wide bandwidth steering at the subarray level and frequency independent collimation of the subarray beams. A power divider provides the multiple beamport amplitude weights on transmit and an adaptive network sets the beamport amplitude and phase weights on receive. The summation of the beams at the rear face of the lens produces low sidelobe illuminations on receive and an efficient taper on transmit. A computer model was developed and has been used to perform design tradeoffs and to determine design parameter values.