gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Biology of the Cell (2007)

For nearly a quarter century Molecular Biology of the Cell has been the leading cell biology textbook. This tradition continues with the new Fifth Edition, which has been completely revised and updated to describe our current, rapidly advancing understanding of cell biology. To list but a few examples, a large amount of new material is presented on epigenetics; stem cells; RNAi; comparative genomics; the latest cancer therapies; apoptosis (now its own separate chapter); and cell cycle control and the mechanics of M phase (now integrated into one chapter). The hallmark features of Molecular Biology of the Cell have been retained, such as its consistent and comprehensive art program, clear concept headings, and succinct section summaries. Additionally, in response to extensive feedback from readers, the Fifth Edition now includes several new features. It is now more portable. Chapters 1-20 are printed and Chapters 21-25, covering multicellular systems, are provided as PDF files on the free Media DVD-ROM which accompanies the book.* And for the first time, Molecular Biology of the Cell now contains end-of-chapter questions. These problems, written by John Wilson and Tim Hunt, emphasize a quantitative approach and the art of reasoning from experiments, and they will help students review and extend their knowledge derived from reading the textbook. The Media DVD-ROM, which is packaged with every copy of the book, contains PowerPoint® presentations with all of the figures, tables and micrographs from the text (available as JPEGs too). Also included is the Media Player, which plays over 125 movies—animations, videos, and molecular models—all with voice-over narration. A new reader-friendly feature is the integration of media codes throughout the text that link directly to relevant videos and animations. The Media DVD-ROM holds the multicellular systems chapters (21-25) of the text as well. By skillfully extracting the fundamental concepts from this enormous and ever-growing field, the authors tell the story of cell biology, and thereby create a coherent framework through which readers may approach and enjoy this subject that is so central to all of biology. * There is also a reference edition of Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (ISBN 978-0-8153-4111-6) that contains Chapters 1-25 entirely in printed format.
Power-down structures for BIST (2002)

The author discusses how power-down test structures use a separate test power supply to allow the associated test circuitry to power-down when not being tested. These structures are specially designed to self-isolate from the host circuit when power is removed from Tvdd. This action will increase reliability by removing auxiliary circuit elements used for test from the host design during normal operation and decrease power consumption.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development and Characterization of Liposomal Tumor Necrosis Factor (Tnf) (1995)

Free and liposomal formulations of caprylated TNF-SAM2, a TNF mutant, were evaluated in both a canine model for TNF-induced hypotension and in the murine Meth A sarcoma model for efficacy. The liposomal formulations consisted of caprylated TNF-SAM2 either bound to the outer leaflet of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) or encapsulated in multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Whereas systemic administration of parental TNF-a to anesthesized mongrel dogs resulted in acute shock with a precipitous fall in systemic arterial pressure (SAP), the SUV-TNF-SAM2 resulted in no net hypotension. Both the free and liposomal-TNF-SAM2 elicited a hyperdynamic response with tachycardia and elevated cardiac output and SAP, which was not observed with parental TNF-a. Two tail-vein injections of these formulations were administered 4–5 days apart to BALB/c mice in which Meth A sarcoma cells were previously implanted subcutaneously or intradermally. Free TNF-SAM2 at 4 × 10 U/mouse caused highly significani tumor control compared to PBS on days 5 and 12; however, substantial toxicity (-24% lethality; was observed at this level. The liposomal formulations of caprylated TNF-SAM2 demonstratec significant tumor control at all dose levels (up to 8 × 10 U/mouse) on day 12 (p<0.025) wit! either no or reduced lethality (0–15%); the tumor responses were comparable to those with fret TNF-SAM2. We conclude that the liposomal caprylated-TNF-SAM2 formulations exhibit; therapeutic index superior to that of free parental TNF-a or free TNF-SAM2.
My Authentication Album: Adaptive Images-Based Login Mechanism (2012)

We present the design and user study of an adaptive authentication mechanism based on recognition of user-custom images. The mechanism relies on memorizing the custom images on each primary login, and adaptively increasing the authentication difficulty upon failures (suspected impersonation attempts). The constant memorization of the images allows fallback authentication by recognizing all/most of the user’s custom images. Our mechanism can be used for multiple authentication scenarios; in particular, it can provide effective phishing protection for primary and/or fallback web login. The mechanism features quick authentication times and low guessing probabilities.
Scene labeling with LSTM recurrent neural networks (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of pixel-level segmentation and classification of scene images with an entirely learning-based approach using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks, which are commonly used for sequence classification. We investigate two-dimensional (2D) LSTM networks for natural scene images taking into account the complex spatial dependencies of labels. Prior methods generally have required separate classification and image segmentation stages and/or pre- and post-processing. In our approach, classification, segmentation, and context integration are all carried out by 2D LSTM networks, allowing texture and spatial model parameters to be learned within a single model. The networks efficiently capture local and global contextual information over raw RGB values and adapt well for complex scene images. Our approach, which has a much lower computational complexity than prior methods, achieved state-of-the-art performance over the Stanford Background and the SIFT Flow datasets. In fact, if no pre- or post-processing is applied, LSTM networks outperform other state-of-the-art approaches. Hence, only with a single-core Central Processing Unit (CPU), the running time of our approach is equivalent or better than the compared state-of-the-art approaches which use a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Finally, our networks' ability to visualize feature maps from each layer supports the hypothesis that LSTM networks are overall suited for image processing tasks.
Oligo(<i>p</i>‐phenylene vinylene)s as a “New” Class of Piezochromic Fluorophores (2007)

Cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives can display piezochromic fluorescence. This rare and desirable effect is achieved by balancing π–π and aliphatic interactions in these molecules through the variation of electron density in the central ring and the length of peripheral aliphatic tails. This leads to fluorophores which can adopt different supramolecular structures and as a result can change their solid-state emission characteristics upon compression.
Icare<sup>&reg;</sup> rebound tonometers: review of their characteristics and ease of use (2018)

The rebound tonometer has a unique mechanism for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) and has become popular worldwide due to its ease of use. The most notable advantages are the lack of an air-puff and need for topical anesthesia, ease of operation and transport, and the ability to use it with children. Four rebound tonometers (Icare<sup>®</sup> TA01i, Icare PRO, Icare HOME, and Icare ic100) are currently available for clinical examination. It is important to understand the characteristics of each tonometer and select the most appropriate one because the IOP values and the purpose of measurement are different. In this review, with the goal of improving the understanding of a range of tonometers, the issues with each device are discussed.
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations from vicinal surfaces—a new approach to surface diffusion measurements (1985)

A simple extension of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillation technique to vicinal surfaces provides a means of studying surface diffusion during molecular beam epitaxial growth. The basis of the method is described and some preliminary results for Ga diffusion during the growth of GaAs films with (001) 2×4 and 3×1 reconstructed surfaces are presented.
The Right UHF RFID Tags for Libraries – Criteria, Concern and Issues (2011)

In the logistics industry, UHF RFID has been widely deployed. Information and guidelines on the selection of the right tags for the different logistics applications are abundant. However, when it comes to the library arena where the use of UHF RFID is just in its infancy stage, such information is relatively scarce and sporadic. While the tag selection criteria for the logistics industry may also be applied to the library field, there are indeed fundamental differences between library business and logistics operation that libraries must take the initiative to formulate their own selection checklist. <br/>In this chapter, the Run Run Shaw Library at the City University of Hong Kong (<i>hereafter the CityU HK Library, or the Library</i>), attempts to share its experience on tag selections based on the research and studies that it has performed in the past few years. The pilot test on the use of UHF RFID in a selected small collection in the CityU HK Library has proved to be successful and the Library is now planning for large-scale implementation of the technology for its entire collection to improve overall service efficiency. As the collection contains over one million items, selecting the right tags that are reliable and sustainable in the long term is crucial. Research and studies in this regard therefore continue through (i) naturalistic evaluation and tests of different tags purchased or borrowed from the suppliers, and (ii) peer discussion with other libraries and UHF RFID practitioners in different occasions such as seminars and conferences and (iii) review of related literature. <br/>By providing an overview of the different criteria, concerns and issues that the CityU HK Library has come across when evaluating different UHF RFID tags, the authors intend to create a momentum for more discussions to go on which for sure will benefit all who are also interested in deploying UHF RFID in their libraries.
Myc Recruits P-TEFb to Mediate the Final Step in the Transcriptional Activation of the cad Promoter (2002)

The c-Myc protein is up-regulated in many different types of cancer, suggesting that a detailed understanding of Myc function is an important goal. Our previous studies have focused on determining the mechanism by which Myc activates transcription using the target gene cad as an experimental model. Previously, we found that Myc activates cad transcription at a post-RNA polymerase II recruitment step and that the Myc transactivation domain interacts with a number of cdk-cyclin complexes. We now extend these studies to determine the role of these cyclin-cdk complexes in Myc-mediated transactivation. We have found that cyclin T1 binding to Myc localizes to the highly conserved Myc Box I, whereas cdk8 binding localizes to the amino-terminal 41 amino acids of the Myc transactivation domain. We showed that recruitment of cdk8 is sufficient for activation of a synthetic promoter construct. In contrast, the ability of Myc to activate transcription of the cad promoter correlates with binding of cyclin T1. Furthermore, recruitment of cyclin T1 to the cad promoter via a Gal4 fusion protein or through protein-protein interaction with the HIV-1 Tat protein can also activate cad transcription. These results suggest that Myc activates transcription by stimulating elongation and that P-TEFb is a key mediator of this process.
Recovery of ego-motion using region alignment (1997)

A method for computing the 3D camera motion (the ego-motion) in a static scene is described, where initially a detected 2D motion between two frames is used to align corresponding image regions. We prove that such a 2D registration removes all effects of camera rotation, even for those image regions that remain misaligned. The resulting residual parallax displacement field between the two region-aligned images is an epipolar field centered at the FOE (Focus-of-Expansion). The 3D camera translation is recovered from the epipolar field. The 3D camera rotation is recovered from the computed 3D translation and the detected 2D motion. The decomposition of image motion into a 2D parametric motion and residual epipolar parallax displacements avoids many of the inherent ambiguities and instabilities associated with decomposing the image motion into its rotational and translational components, and hence makes the computation of ego-motion or 3D structure estimation more robust.
Skipping-oriented partitioning for columnar layouts (2016)

As data volumes continue to grow, modern database systems increasingly rely on data skipping mechanisms to improve performance by avoiding access to irrelevant data. Recent work [39] proposed a fine-grained partitioning scheme that was shown to improve the opportunities for data skipping in row-oriented systems. Modern analytics and big data systems increasingly adopt columnar storage schemes, and in such systems, a row-based approach misses important opportunities for further improving data skipping. The flexibility of column-oriented organizations, however, comes with the additional cost of tuple reconstruction. In this paper, we develop Generalized Skipping-Oriented Partitioning (GSOP), a novel hybrid data skipping framework that takes into account these row-based and column-based tradeoffs. In contrast to previous column-oriented physical design work, GSOP considers the tradeoffs between horizontal data skipping and vertical partitioning jointly. Our experiments using two public benchmarks and a real-world workload show that GSOP can significantly reduce the amount of data scanned and improve end-to-end query response times over the state-of-the- art techniques.
Mechanism of Action of Mycophenolate Mofetil (1995)

Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug which is rapidly converted to mycophenolic acid (MPA), a potent and reversible uncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). In the de novo purine synthesis pathway, IMPDH is the first of two enzymes responsible for the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to guanosine monophosphate (GMP), which is normally converted to GDP, GTP, and dGTP. IMPDH is not involved in the salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis. It has been proposed that, since lymphocytes are relatively independent of the salvage pathway of nucleotide biosynthesis, MPA treatment should reduce guanine nucleotide pools in lymphocytes. Measurements show that MPA causes a reduction of GTP and dGTP in lymphocytes but not neutrophils. The consequences of the reduction in guanine nucleotides in lymphocytes, such as the inhibition of DNA synthesis, and GTP-dependent metabolic events, is discussed.
New Methoxylated Fatty Acids from the Caribbean Sponge <i>Callyspongia </i><i>f</i><i>allax</i> (2001)

The saturated 2-methoxylated fatty acids 2-methoxytetradecanoic acid (1), 2-methoxypentadecanoic acid (2), and 2-methoxyoctadecanoic acid (3) as well as the Delta6 monoenoic methoxylated fatty acids (6Z)-2-methoxy-6-tetradecenoic acid (4), (6Z)-2-methoxy-6-pentadecenoic acid (5), and (6Z)-2-methoxy-13-methyl-6-tetradecenoic acid (7) were identified for the first time in nature in the phospholipids from the Caribbean sponge Callyspongia fallax. These findings expand the occurrence of 2-methoxylated fatty acids to C14-C15 chain lengths and establish new fatty acid biosynthetic possibilities for marine organisms. The novel methoxylated fatty acids could have originated from the phospholipids of a bacterium in symbiosis with the sponge.
Human Angiogenic Cell Precursors Restore Function in the Infarcted Rat Heart: A Comparison of Cell Delivery Routes (2008)

Human ACPs, delivered via intramyocardial or intracoronary injection, engrafted into damaged cardiac tissue and improved cardiac function within 4 weeks through effects on scar morphology and blood vessel formation.
Improved Nucleophilic Displacements in N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone as a Solvent (1989)

Abstract The nucleophilic displacement reactions of 2- and 4- halogenonaphthalic-1,8, anhydrides and the N-imides, of 4,7- dichloroquinolines, the alkylation of lithio alkynes, the methylation of ethyl or methyl diacetylacetate and a variety of related reactions are greatly facilitated in N-methylpyrrolidinone as aprotic solvent.
Regulation of pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion by RhoC GTPase and Caveolin-1 (2005)

Cav-1 expression inhibits RhoC GTPase activation and subsequent activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in primary PC cells thus restricting migration and invasion. In contrast, loss of cav-1 expression leads to RhoC-mediated migration and invasion in metastatic PC cells.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis and Treatment (1993)

One of the marvels of the host immune response is its response to antigenic foreign substances by manufacturing proteins that bind tenaciously to their targets. These proteins are antibodies or immunoglobulins produced in vast diversity during an individual's lifetime. By virtue of this process, the mammalian host possesses the innate ability to mount an initial response to antigens to which there has been no prior experience and to develop an even more effective response on reexposure to these same substances. This capacity to distinguish self from nonself is one of the most basic aspects of the cellular and humoral arms of the immune response and is one of the primary means by which the host combats infection caused by many different types of pathogens. In this context, antibodies have long been recognized as a critical component of host defenses and are capable of binding to invading microbes and microbial toxins.
Active flutter suppression for two-dimensional airfoils (1989)

Active flutter suppression for a two-dimensional typical airfoil in an incompressible flow is studied in this paper. The root loci of the systems described by three aerodynamical models, each with a single feedback variable, are first investigated to obtain a physical understanding of these systems. Practical systems that include actuator and gust models are considered next, using linear-quadratic regulator theory. Reduced-order models are constructed using a sequence of truncations based on the modal cost analysis, and modal truncation is examined for several weightings of the cost function. The resulting increases in the performance index and the closed-loop poles are then calculated for each truncation. The essential feedback modes and their associated gains for flutter suppression are determined using this analysis. For a reasonable degree of control, these reduced-order models are sufficiently robust.
Unified Theory for Gel Electrophoresis and Gel Filtration (1970)

Unified theory for gel electrophoresis and gel filtration: The behavior of macromolecules in gel filtration and gel electrophoresis may be predicted from Ogston's model for a random meshwork of fibers. This model has been generalized to apply to nonspherical molecules and to several gel types. The model provides equations for inter-relationships between mobility, partition coefficient, gel concentration, and molecular radius; it gives a non-Gaussian distribution of pore sizes as a function of gel concentration. The theory defines conditions for optimal separation and optimal resolution in gel filtration and gel electrophoresis. The difference in resolving power between the two fractionation methods is accounted for by the fact that gel filtration is a form of partition chromatography.
Packing Irregular Objects in 3D Space via Hybrid Optimization (2018)

Abstract Packing problems arise in a wide variety of practical applications. The basic problem is that of placing as many objects as possible in a non‐overlapping configuration within a given container. Problems involving irregular shapes are the most challenging cases. In this paper, we consider the most general forms of irregular shape packing problems in 3D space, where both the containers and the objects can be of any shapes, and free rotations of the objects are allowed. We propose a heuristic method for efficiently packing irregular objects by combining continuous optimization and combinatorial optimization. Starting from an initial placement of an appropriate number of objects, we optimize the positions and orientations of the objects using continuous optimization. In combinatorial optimization, we further reduce the gaps between objects by swapping and replacing the deployed objects and inserting new objects. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method with experiments and comparisons.
GaAs/AlGaAs optical synaptic interconnection device for neural networks (1989)

A GaAs/AlGaAs optical synaptic interconnection device for neural networks is reported for the first time to our knowledge. This device consists of a light-emitting-diode array, an interconnection matrix, and a photodiode array, which are integrated into a hybrid-layered structure on a GaAs substrate. The device structure and characteristics are reported in detail. The fabricated device can simulate a 32-neuron system. Experimental results of the Hopfield associative memory with three stored vectors are also described.
Phytochemical analysis and biological screening of leaf and twig extracts fromKunzea ericoides (2005)

Kunzea ericoides is a member of the Myrtle group of tea trees. Leaf and twig material of K. ericoides was extracted with different solvents to afford terpene (including the essential oil), flavonoid and lipid classes (but no alkaloid class), which were subsequently screened for antibacterial, antitumour, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Differences were observed in the biological activity for the chemical classes tested, and in general, the leaf extracts were comparatively more bioactive than the twig extracts. The leaf lipid extract was the most bioactive fraction, exhibiting antibacterial, antitumour and antiinflammatory activity. Thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of each extract revealed previously identified phytochemicals that may be responsible for the observed bioactivities.
DOUBLE PERIODIC COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT HANDED TRANSMISSION LINE BASED LEAKY WAVE ANTENNA BY SINGULAR PERTURBATION METHOD (2012)

The paper proposes a Composite Right/Left Handed double periodic transmission line structure with both inductance and capacitance loaded. The structure exhibits leaky wave radiation and hence can be considered for leaky wave antenna (LWA) applications. We have theoretically obtained dispersion characteristics using Singular perturbation method. Also, the radiation efficiency has been obtained for different modulation indices. A novel leaky wave radiation has been obtained below the left handed passband with narrow bandwidth. The proposed structure has been fabricated on FR4 substrate and measured. The simulated and measured results seem to be in good agreement.
Fuels for Internal-Combustion Engines (1985)

This chapter contains sections titled: Petroleum Fuels, Gaseous Fuels, Nonpetroleum Fuels, Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines, Detonation Characteristics of Fuels for S-I Engines, Alcohol Fuels, Effect of Fuel Composition on Preignition, Miscellaneous Properties of Fuels for S-I Engines, Effect of Fuel on Power and Efficiency of S-I Engines, Fuels for Diesel Engines, Unconventional Fuels