gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipoxin A<sub>4</sub>Analogues Inhibit Leukocyte Recruitment to<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>:  A Role for Cyclooxygenase-2 and Lipoxins in Periodontal Disease (2000)

The potential involvement of the inducible cyclooxygenase isoform (COX-2) and the role of novel lipid mediators were investigated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Crevicular fluids from localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients contained prostaglandin (PG)E(2) and 5-lipoxygenase-derived products, leukotriene B(4), and the biosynthesis interaction product, lipoxin (LX)A(4). Neutrophils from peripheral blood of LJP patients, but not from asymptomatic donors, also generated LXA(4), suggesting a role for this immunomodulatory molecule in periodontal disease. To characterize host responses of interest to periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis was introduced within murine dorsal air pouches. In the air pouch cavity, P. gingivalis elicited leukocyte infiltration, concomitant with elevated PGE(2) levels in the cellular exudates, and upregulated COX-2 expression in infiltrated leukocytes. In addition, human neutrophils exposed to P. gingivalis also upregulated COX-2 expression. Blood borne P. gingivalis gave significant increases in the murine tissue levels of COX-2 mRNA associated with both heart and lungs, supporting a potential role for this oral pathogen in the evolution of systemic events. The administration of metabolically stable analogues of LX and of aspirin-triggered LX potently blocked neutrophil traffic into the dorsal pouch cavity and lowered PGE(2) levels within exudates. Together, these results identify PMN as an additional and potentially important source of PGE(2) in periodontal tissues. Moreover, they provide evidence for a novel protective role for LX in periodontitis, limiting further PMN recruitment and PMN-mediated tissue injury that can lead to loss of inflammatory barriers that prevent systemic tissue invasion of oral microbial pathogens.
Adult endomysial antibody-negative coeliac disease and cigarette smoking (2001)

A substantial minority of patients with otherwise typical coeliac disease are EMA negative, and most of these are IgA replete. The value of EMA as a screening tool is therefore limited. EMA status in untreated coeliac disease correlates strongly with cigarette smoking history: this may be of pathogenic significance, given the previously demonstrated association between smoking and the risk of coeliac disease.
A New Microphotometer* (1941)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. B. Vincent and R. A. Sawyer, "A New Microphotometer*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 31, 639-643 (1941) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Head and Neck Cancers, Version 2.2014 (2014)

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Head and Neck Cancers focuses on glottic laryngeal cancer, which is the most common type of laryngeal cancer and has an excellent cure rate. The lymphatic drainage of the glottis is sparse, and early stage primaries rarely spread to regional nodes. Because hoarseness is an early symptom, most glottic laryngeal cancer is early stage at diagnosis. Updates to these guidelines for 2014 include revisions to "Principles of Radiation Therapy" for each site and "Principles of Surgery," and the addition of a new section on "Principles of Dental Evaluation and Management."
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTOR AWARENESS IN AMERICAN INDIAN COMMUNITIES: THE STRONG HEART STUDY (2006)

Although overall risk factor awareness for heart disease was high, subgroups were identified who could benefit from culturally appropriate health education and other interventions to motivate health prevention actions, especially for smoking.
Properties and ion implantation of Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>N epitaxial single crystal films prepared by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1983)

High quality single crystal films of AlxGa1−xN have been grown on sapphire substrates using low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at 915 °C over the entire range of x. Electrical and optical properties of the layers were measured. Electrical compensation by Be+ and N+ implants in the layers was studied. Schottky barriers were fabricated and their current voltage characteristics were studied. We also report some initial results of a study of GaN growth kinetics.
CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATING COPOLYMERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION INTO NANOARCHITECTURES (2009)

Our research focuses on the characterization of the association and the properties in aqueous solution of nanostructures, particularly on nanotubes composed of amphiphilic alternating copolymers. These copolymers constitute a pH sensitive hydrophilic group (maleic anhydride) alternating with a hydrophobic group. To investigate the role of the nature of the hydrophobic groups on the association, the self-assembly of two different polymers are compared: poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (IMA) and poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA). It has been well reported that, at pH7, SMA forms stable nanotubes by association through a linear conformation due to H-bonding and pi-cation interactions. A theoretical approach was chosen to investigate and characterize the behavior of IMA chains at different pH values. To optimize IMA at different pH values, a complete conformational method was applied using both semiempirical and ab initio molecular modeling methods. The present paper will describe in detail the conformational analysis of IMA, the association among IMA chains to form nanotubes and discuss the influence of the nature of the hydrophobic group on the association. The theoretical prediction will also be compared to experiment (dynamic light scattering)
3-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2,7-diamines and Related 2-Urea Derivatives Are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the FGF Receptor-1 Tyrosine Kinase (2000)

A series of 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridine-2,7-diamines and related 2-ureas were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of the FGF receptor-1 tyrosine kinase. Condensation of 4,6-diaminonicotinaldehyde and substituted phenylacetonitriles gave intermediate naphthyridine-2,7-diamines, and direct reaction of the monoanion of these (NaH/DMF) with alkyl or aryl isocyanates selectively gave the 2-ureas in varying yields (23-93%). For the preparation of more soluble 7-alkylamino-2-ureas, a number of protecting groups for the 2-amine were evaluated (phthaloyl, 4-methoxybenzyl) following selective blocking of the 7-amine (trityl), but these were not superior to the (required) 2-tert-Bu-urea group itself. Direct alkylation of the anion of the (unprotected) 7-amino group with excess 4-(3-chloropropyl)morpholine in DMF gave low (10%) yields of the desired product, but alkylation of the 7-acetamido anion, followed by mild alkaline hydrolysis, raised this to 64%. 3-Phenyl analogues were nonspecific inhibitors of isolated c-Src, FGFR, and PDGFR tyrosine kinases, whereas 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) analogues were most effective against c-Src and FGFR, and 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) derivatives showed high selectivity for FGFR alone. A water-soluble (7-morpholinylpropylamino) analogue retained high FGFR potency (IC(50) 31 nM) and selectivity. Pairwise comparison of the 1, 6-naphthyridines and the corresponding known pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues showed little differences in potency or patterns of selectivity, suggesting that the 1-aza atom of the latter is not important for activity. A 7-acetamide derivative inhibited the growth of FGFR-expressing tumor cell lines and was particularly potent against HUVECs (IC(50) 4 nM). This compound was also a very potent inhibitor of HUVEC microcapillary formation (IC(50) 0.01 nM) and Matrigel invasion (IC(50) 7 nM) and showed significant in vivo antitumor effects in a highly vascularized mammary adenocarcinoma 16/c model at nontoxic doses. The compounds are worthy of further evaluation as antiangiogenesis agents.
Description of Stress-Strain Curves by Three Parameters (1943)

"A simple formula is suggested for describing the stress-strain curve in terms of three parameters; namely, Young's modulus and two secant yield strengths. Dimensionless charts are derived from this formula for determining the stress-strain curve, the tangent modulus, and the reduced modulus of a material for which these three parameters are given. Comparison with the tensile and compressive data on aluminum-alloy, stainless-steel, and carbon-steel sheet in NACA Technical Note No. 840 indicates that the formula is adequate for most of these materials" (p. 1).
Surface functionalized nanostructured ceramic sorbents for the effective collection and recovery of uranium from seawater (2016)

The ability to collect uranium from seawater offers the potential for a nearly limitless fuel supply for nuclear energy. We evaluated the use of functionalized nanostructured sorbents for the collection and recovery of uranium from seawater. Extraction of trace minerals from seawater and brines is challenging due to the high ionic strength of seawater, low mineral concentrations, and fouling of surfaces over time. We demonstrate that rationally assembled sorbent materials that integrate high affinity surface chemistry and high surface area nanostructures into an application relevant micro/macro structure enables collection performance that far exceeds typical sorbent materials. High surface area nanostructured silica with surface chemistries composed of phosphonic acid, phosphonates, 3,4 hydroxypyridinone, and EDTA showed superior performance for uranium collection. A few phosphorous-based commercial resins, specifically Diphonix and Ln Resin, also performed well. We demonstrate an effective and environmentally benign method of stripping the uranium from the high affinity sorbents using inexpensive nontoxic carbonate solutions. The cyclic use of preferred sorbents and acidic reconditioning of materials was shown to improve performance. Composite thin films composed of the nanostructured sorbents and a porous polymer binder are shown to have excellent kinetics and good capacity while providing an effective processing configuration for trace mineral recovery from solutions. Initial work using the composite thin films shows significant improvements in processing capacity over the previously reported sorbent materials.
Frequency control characteristics of a single-frequency fiber laser with an external light injection (2001)

Characteristics of a single-frequency erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) controlled by an external light source is investigated. The frequency control is achieved by cooperatively induced spatial hole-burning (SHB) formed by the interference between the lasing light and the external light. We evaluate the frequency stability of several cavity designs of the fiber laser and the frequency control characteristics in detail. Tunable operation as wide as 30 nm wavelength range with a good frequency stability is also demonstrated.
Effects of antiviral nucleoside analogs on human DNA polymerases and mitochondrial DNA synthesis (1994)

Inhibition constants were determined for 16 nucleoside analog triphosphates against human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon, and 7 nucleoside analogs were examined as inhibitors of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in human Molt-4 cells in culture. The results demonstrate no clear quantitative or qualitative correlation between inhibition of DNA polymerases, particularly mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, and the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in Molt-4 cell culture. Furthermore, the data indicate that inhibition of isolated DNA polymerases may not be predictive of in vitro or in vivo toxicity. Finally, it is not clear whether inhibition of mitochondrial DNA synthesis will be an accurate predictor of the potential in vivo toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogs.
HOSPITALITY ON THE FARM: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMS MODEL OF FARM TOURISM (2011)

In this paper the author discusses hospitality in the form of farm tourism, and uses the basics of systems theory to identify the various stakeholders involved in farm tourism. The main factors that are identified that have relevance to farm tourism are those that can be grouped under the following headings: physical, competitive, demographic and socio-cultural, economic, technological and politico-legal influences; together with the inputs (supply) of farm tourism, composed mainly of farmers; and the output (demand) side of the model, which comprises the services provided to guests, and the experiences guests have when visiting farms. This information is then used to create a model which is essentially a review of contemporary understanding of farm tourism, and to briefly discuss the various influences in the model, as well as their interrelationships.
Loosening of the porous coating in total knee replacement (1988)

We reviewed 40 cementless Porous Coated Anatomic knee replacements in 34 consecutive patients. The average follow-up was 12.9 months (range 6 to 36 months). At review, loose beads were identified in 23 knees, in 11 on the femoral side and in 16 on the tibial side (in five knees on both sides). One loose bead was adjacent to the patella. In four knees there were intra-articular beads. Radiolucent lines at the interface between bone and prosthesis were seen in 19 knees, in six on the femoral side and in 16 on the tibial side (in three knees on both sides). In relation to the tibial component loose beads were associated with a radiolucent line in all except one case. Progressive loosening with an increasing number of loose beads was seen in three knees. At this early stage of follow-up there was no correlation between the clinical results and the presence of loose beads.
Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α induce c‐<i>fos</i> gene expression in retinal muller cells in vivo (1991)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) are peptides that act at a common receptor and are mitogenic for immature astrocytes and trophic for developing brain neurons in vitro. However, a role for these growth factors in the mature nervous system has not been established. To investigate the actions of EGF and TGF alpha in the adult central nervous system (CNS) in vivo, the growth factors were injected into the vitreous cavity of adult male rabbits. After varying intervals, the retinas were examined for c-fos mRNA by Northern blot hybridization or Fos (and Fos-related antigen) protein by immunocytochemistry. EGF induction of c-fos mRNA occurs within 30 min and persists more than 4 hr. Fos nuclear immunostaining is induced selectively in nuclei of Muller cells by both EGF and TGF alpha. Fos-like immunoreactivity appears within 1 hr and persists more than 9 hr after EGF injection. These observations demonstrate that mature retinal Muller cells respond to exogenously applied EGF and TGF alpha in vivo, although the effect of the growth factors is not necessarily direct. The expression of c-fos and other immediate early genes provides a short-term marker that can be used to investigate the role of growth factors in normal retinal physiology and responses to injury.
Profiling of β-Lactam Selectivity for Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (2015)

Selective fluorescent β-lactam chemical probes enable the visualization of the transpeptidase activity of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) at different stages of bacterial cell division. To facilitate the development of new fluorescent probes for PBP imaging, we evaluated 20 commercially available β-lactams for selective PBP inhibition in an unencapsulated derivative of the D39 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Live cells were treated with β-lactam antibiotics at different concentrations and subsequently incubated with Bocillin FL (Boc-FL; fluorescent penicillin) to saturate uninhibited PBPs. Fluorophore-labeled PBPs were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorescence scanning. Among 20 compounds tested, carbapenems (doripenem and meropenem) were coselective for PBP1a, PBP2x, and PBP3, while six of the nine penicillin compounds were coselective for PBP2x and PBP3. In contrast, the seven cephalosporin compounds tested display variability in their PBP-binding profiles. Three cephalosporin compounds (cefoxitin, cephalexin, and cefsulodin) and the monobactam aztreonam exhibited selectivity for PBP3, while only cefuroxime (a cephalosporin) was selective for PBP2x. Treatment of S. pneumoniae cultures with a sublethal concentration of cefuroxime that inhibited 60% of PBP2x activity and less than 20% of the activity of other PBPs resulted in formation of elongated cells. In contrast, treatment of S. pneumoniae cultures with concentrations of aztreonam and cefoxitin that inhibited up to 70% of PBP3 activity and less than 30% of other PBPs resulted in no discernible morphological changes. Additionally, correlation of the MIC and IC50s for each PBP, with the exception of faropenem, amdinocillin (mecillinam), and 6-APA, suggests that pneumococcal growth inhibition is primarily due to the inhibition of PBP2x.
Anatomical Structure of the Cottonseed Coat as Related to Problems of Germination (1940)

Crop Production/Industries
Ultrasound waveform tomography with the second-order total-generalized-variation regularization (2016)

Ultrasound waveform tomography with the total-variation regularization could improve reconstructions of tumor margins, but the reconstructions usually contain unwanted blocky artifacts. We develop a new ultrasound waveform tomography method with a second-order total-generalized-variation regularization scheme to improve tomographic reconstructions of breast tumors and remove blocky artifacts in reconstruction results. We validate our new method using numerical phantom data and real phantom data acquired using our synthetic-aperture breast ultrasound tomography system with two parallel transducer arrays. Compared to reconstructions of ultrasound waveform tomography with modified total-variation regularization, our new ultrasound waveform tomography yields accurate sound-speed reconstruction results with significantly reduced artifacts.
Dual ion beam deposition of oxide, nitride, and carbide films (1989)

Compound films such as oxides, nitrides, and carbides have been prepared in a dual ion beam (DIB) deposition system, which contains an ionized cluster beam (ICB) source and an ionized gas beam (IGB) source. The characteristic of the DIB system and the properties of compound films such as SiOx, TiNx, and C were investigated. The ion current density distribution was measured at acceleration voltages from 0 to 10 kV by an array of Faraday cups at the substrate position. Uniform ion current distributions over 5-in. diam substrates have been obtained for ICB of Au, Cu, and Si and IGB of CH4, N2, and O2. The composition of SiOx films prepared by DIB approaches stoichiometric SiO2 with increasing oxygen ion current density. The crystalline structure of TiNx films changes gradually from TiN to Ti2N as the atomic flux ratio of (N/Ti) decreases. The Knoop hardness values of TiN and C films prepared at 200 °C are over 1700 and 3000 kg/mm2, respectively. Therefore the advantages of using the DIB deposition system for low-temperature compound film growth include control over film composition and crystalline structure with excellent physical properties. Ion irradiation during film growth by both metal and gas beams enhances chemical reaction kinetics on the substrate.
Automated processor specification and task allocation for embedded multicomputer systems: The packing-based approaches (2002)

This paper considers the coupled design problems of processor specification and task allocation for embedded multicomputer systems. A packing-based representation is proposed that allows the problems to be solved concurrently. An algorithm based on this representation is described that utilizes a new heuristic packing technique coupled with an incremental design advisor. This algorithm, named IDAT, was benchmarked against three baseline algorithms on a combination of real and synthetic test cases with respect to two figures of merit: hardware cost and run-time. The real test cases are based on commercially developed automotive electronic applications and the baseline algorithms represent a mixture of search, heuristic and simulated annealing approaches. For all test cases, the IDAT algorithm was found to generate near-optimal solutions with up to three orders of magnitude improvement in run-time compared to the baseline algorithms.
Parsing executive processes: Strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex (2000)

Event-related functional MRI and a version of the Stroop color naming task were used to test two conflicting theories of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function during executive processes of cognition. A response-related increase in ACC activity was present when strategic processes were less engaged, and conflict high, but not when strategic processes were engaged and conflict reduced. This is inconsistent with the widely held view that the ACC implements strategic processes to reduce cognitive conflicts, such as response competition. Instead, it suggests that the ACC serves an evaluative function, detecting cognitive states such as response competition, which may lead to poor performance, and representing the knowledge that strategic processes need to be engaged.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation for Therapeutic Lymphangiogenesis in a Mouse Secondary Lymphedema Model (2015)

ADSCs can restore the lymphatic vascular network in secondary lymphedema with increased collecting vessels.
Thermal Annealing in Hydrogen for 3-D Profile Transformation on Silicon-on-Insulator and Sidewall Roughness Reduction (2006)

A fast, effective process using hydrogen annealing is introduced to perform profile transformation on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and to reduce sidewall roughness on silicon surfaces. By controlling the dimensions of as-etched structures, microspheres with 1 /spl mu/m radii, submicron wires with 0.5 /spl mu/m radii, and a microdisk toroid with 0.2 /spl mu/m toroidal radius have been successfully demonstrated on SOI substrates. Utilizing this technique, we also observe the root-mean-square (rms) sidewall roughness dramatically reduced from 20 to 0.26 nm. A theoretical model is presented to analyze the profile transformation, and experimental results show this process can be engineered by several parameters including temperature, pressure, and time.
Performance Evaluation of an Fpga-Based Biochemical Simulator ReCSip (2006)

ReCSiP is an FPGA-based biochemical simulator to accelerate kinetic simulations of biochemical pathways. Biochemical models are described as a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Each equation in the model is called "rate law function", which represents the velocity of corresponding biochemical reaction mechanism. ReCSiP achieves high-throughput simulation with statically pipelined rate law function modules and numerical integration modules on an FPGA. This paper shows the basic structure of ReCSiP, and results of evaluation in 2 aspects: area and throughput. As the summary of evaluation, 1) about 64% of the total circuit area is occupied by floating-point arithmetic units, and 2) with an XC2VP70, ReCSiP at 90MHz can achieve 20times or more speedup compared to Intel's Pentium4 microprocessor at 3.2GHz