gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and performance of Cu-based anode-supported SOFC (2014)

Tubular SOFCs were produced by extrusion of the supporting anode composed by GDC10 and Cu oxides. A 10 Î¼m thin GDC10 electrolytic layer and the LSF20:GDC10 cathode were deposited by dip-coating and the complete cell was co-sintered in one step. Thanks to the optimization of the composition and the employment of Li2O as sintering aid, the densification of the electrolyte was accomplished more than 500Â°C below the sintering temperature of GDC10. The cell had a maximum OCV of 0.54 V and the highest measured power density was 8.98 mW cm-2 with a peak power density projected to be 27.5 mW cm-2.\n
A predictive in vitro risk assessment platform for pro-arrhythmic toxicity using human 3D cardiac microtissues (2021)

Cardiotoxicity of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxicants can be severe, even life threatening, which necessitates a thorough evaluation of the human response to chemical compounds. Predicting risks for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death accurately is critical for defining safety profiles. Currently available approaches have limitations including a focus on single select ion channels, the use of non-human species in vitro and in vivo, and limited direct physiological translation. We have advanced the robustness and reproducibility of in vitro platforms for assessing pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts in 3-dimensional microtissues. Using automated algorithms and statistical analyses of eight comprehensive evaluation metrics of cardiac action potentials, we demonstrate that tissue-engineered human cardiac microtissues respond appropriately to physiological stimuli and effectively differentiate between high-risk and low-risk compounds exhibiting blockade of the hERG channel (E4031 and ranolazine, respectively). Further, we show that the environmental endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) causes acute and sensitive disruption of human action potentials in the nanomolar range. Thus, this novel human 3D in vitro pro-arrhythmic risk assessment platform addresses critical needs in cardiotoxicity testing for both environmental and pharmaceutical compounds and can be leveraged to establish safe human exposure levels.
Gut feeling: MicroRNA discriminators of the intestinal TLR9–cholinergic links (2015)

The intestinal tissue notably responds to stressful, cholinergic and innate immune signals by microRNA (miRNA) changes, but whether and how those miRNA regulators modify the intestinal cholinergic and innate immune pathways remained unexplored. Here, we report changes in several miRNA regulators of cholinesterases (ChEs) and correspondingly modified ChE activities in intestine, splenocytes and the circulation of mice exposed to both stress and canonical or alternative Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) oligonucleotide (ODN) aptamer activators or blockers. Stressful intraperitoneal injection of saline, the anti-inflammatory TLR9 agonist mEN101 aptamer or the inflammation-activating TLR9 aptamer ODN 1826 all increased the expression of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-targeting miR-132. In comparison, mEN101 but neither ODN 1826 nor saline injections elevated intestinal miR-129-5p, miR-186 and miR-200c, all predicted to target both AChE and the homologous enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In cultured immune cells, BL-7040, the human counterpart of mEN101, reduced AChE activity reflecting inflammatory reactions in a manner preventable by the TLR9 blocking ODN 2088. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory BL-7040 TLR9 aptamer caused reduction in nitric oxide and AChE activity in both murine splenocytes and human mononuclear cells at molar concentrations four orders of magnitude lower than ODN 1826. Our findings demonstrate differential reaction of cholinesterase-targeting miRNAs to distinct TLR9 challenges, indicating upstream miRNA co-regulation of the intestinal alternative NFκB pathway and cholinergic signaling. TLR9 aptamers may hence potentiate miRNA regulation that enhances cholinergic signaling and the resolution of inflammation, which opens new venues for manipulating bowel diseases.
Using String Distances for Test Case Prioritisation (2009)

Test case prioritisation aims at finding an ordering which enhances a certain property of an ordered test suite. Traditional techniques rely on the availability of code or a specification of the program under test. In this paper, we propose to use string distances on the text of test cases for their comparison and elaborate a prioritisation algorithm. Such a prioritisation does not require code and can be useful for initial testing and in cases when code is difficult to instrument. We also briefly report on preliminary results of an experiment where the proposed prioritisation technique was compared with random permutations and four classical string distance metrics were evaluated.
Cospectral analysis of high frequency signal loss in eddy covariance measurements (2007)

Abstract. The cospectra of momentum (M), sensible heat (H), latent heat (LE), and carbon dioxide (Fc) fluxes measured by eddy covariance (EC) over a shortgrass steppe are calculated for over 800 time intervals spanning a range of wind, surface heating, evaporative, and photosynthetic conditions. The power spectrum of the vertical wind clearly shows that the inertial subrange is not sufficiently captured. The cospectra of the different fluxes show that the lack of measurement resolution in the high frequency results in a loss of flux, especially as stability approaches neutral. A procedure is outlined to use statistics from the cospectrum to estimate the amount of high-frequency flux that remains unmeasured for each time interval. The greatest loss of flux was for H (14% on average for 0>z/L>0.001 where z/L is the dimensionless stability), consistent with other studies which indicate temperature fluctuations actively produce turbulence at high frequencies. LE and Fc showed less than half as much loss of flux as H. This differential loss of flux has direct implications for addressing energy balance closure in EC studies, as well as reconciling biases of fluxes measured by EC with the Modified Bowen Ratio technique. It is recommended that the cospectra of fluxes be examined while setting the height of instrumentation in order to insure that high frequency eddies are resolved.
A Fast Radial Scanned Near-Field 3-D SAR Imaging System and the Reconstruction Method (2014)

This paper presents a near-field 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system for which the 2-D aperture is radially scanned. Compared to the current SAR imaging systems, the proposed system has several advantages such as quick data collection, full 360° inspection of target, and simple image formation processing. However, in radial scan, the samples do not fall on a Cartesian grid, which prevents us from using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to form SAR image without calling for interpolation. In this paper, the 2-D nonuniform FFT (NUFFT) is used for dealing with the problem. After 2-D NUFFT of the radial sampled data, the 3-D reflectivity image can be efficiently reconstructed by using the 3-D version of the range migration algorithm. The Stolt mapping has been implemented implicitly by another 1-D NUFFT to reduce the artifacts caused by the conventional interpolation processing. In addition, to alleviate the data sampling burden, a compressed 2-D slow-time sampling strategy is also discussed. Finally, the proposed Rad-SAR system and the imaging method are demonstrated using near-field wideband simulation data.
Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Heteroaromatic Taxanes (1996)

The asymmetric syntheses of heteroaromatic 3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-azetidinones 12-16 via chiral ester enolate-imine cyclocondensation chemistry are described. The azetidinones contain heteroaromatic moieties which, in certain cases, contribute to a decrease in enantioselectivity due to possible alternate coordinations in the transition states. The (3R,4S)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-heteroaryl-2-azetidinones were subsequently converted to the heteroaromatic taxanes 31-36 and 43-45. Conformational analyses of the 3'-(2-pyridyl) analogue 31 and 3'-(2-furyl) analogue 43 indicate they have solution conformational preferences virtually identical to paclitaxel and docetaxel. Heteroaromatic N-acyl paclitaxel analogues 47-51 were prepared from N-debenzoylpaclitaxel via Schotten-Baumann acylation. The majority of the 14 analogues displayed good to excellent activity in a microtubule assembly assay in comparison to paclitaxel. The analogues were also tested for cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma cells. 3'-Dephenyl-3'-(2-pyridyl)paclitaxel (31), 3'-dephenyl-3'-(2-furyl)paclitaxel (34), N-BOC-3'-dephenyl-3'-(2-furyl)paclitaxel (43), 3'-dephenyl-3'-(2-furyl)-N-(hexanoyl)paclitaxel (44), and N-debenzoyl-N-(3-furoyl)paclitaxel (51) were found to be more cytotoxic than paclitaxel against this cell line. 3'-Dephenyl-3'-(4-pyridyl)paclitaxel (33) and N-debenzoyl-N-(2-furoyl)paclitaxel (50) displayed cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma cells similar to paclitaxel.
The Proper Formulation (1998)

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to specify the adequacy conditions for a complete account of truth, to suggest that these desiderata are satisfied by the deflationary conception known as ‘minimalism’, and to make sure that this proposal is not confused with various superficially similar views, such as Tarski's and the redundancy/performative account. The axioms of the minimal theory are all the propositions of the form, ‘&lt;p&gt; is true ↔ p’—at least, those that do not fall foul of the ‘liar’ paradoxes. It is argued that this theory—weak as it is—is nevertheless strong enough to account for the conceptual utility of truth, and to explain the facts in which truth is a constituent. Moreover, the single unattractive feature of the theory—its infinite list‐like character—is not mitigated by accounts of truth in terms of reference or substitutional quantification. Thus, the chapter goes some way towards justifying the minimalist conception—the view that the minimal theory is the theory of truth, to which nothing more should be added.
Complement-Dependent Stimulation of Normal Lymphocytes by Immune Complexes (1978)

Normal rabbit lymphocytes were stimulated to proliferate in vitro by antibody-antigen complexes. Stimulation was dependent upon C activity. Heat-inactivation or zymosan-treatment of the serum used in culture caused a 75 to 100% loss of responsiveness to the complexes. Serum-free culture or cultures with less than 1% serum supported only low levels of stimulation, but responsiveness reappeared proportionally with increased serum concentration. The low level dose-dependent responses seen in the absence of active C may have been due to C carried over with the cells or to stimulation independent of C. Aggregated rabbit gamma-globulin tested over a broad dose range failed to stimulate normal lymphocytes more than minimally whether or not C was present. Stimulation with immune complexes was sustained by C4-deficient guinea pig serum, indicating participation of the alternative C pathway. Normal rabbit lymphocytes from peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node proliferated in response to rabbit antibody-antigen complexes. Normal thymocytes were consistently unresponsive to the complexes.
Comparison of Ileum Microflora of Pigs Fed Corn-, Wheat-, or Barley-Based Diets by Chaperonin-60 Sequencing and Quantitative PCR (2005)

We have combined the culture-independent methods of high-throughput sequencing of chaperonin-60 PCR product libraries and quantitative PCR to profile and quantify the small-intestinal microflora of pigs fed diets based on corn, wheat, or barley. A total of 2,751 chaperonin-60 PCR product clones produced from samples of ileum digesta were examined. The majority (81%) of these clones contained sequences independently recovered from all three libraries; 372 different nucleotide sequences were identified, but only 14% of the 372 different sequences were recovered from all three libraries. Taxonomic assignments of the library sequences were made by comparison to a reference database of chaperonin-60 sequences combined with phylogenetic analysis. The taxa identified are consistent with previous reports of pig ileum microflora. Frequencies of each sequence in each library were calculated to identify taxa that varied in frequency between the corn, barley, and wheat libraries. The chaperonin-60 sequence inventory was used as a basis for designing PCR primer sets for taxon-specific quantitative PCR. Results of quantitative PCR analysis of ileum digesta confirmed the relative abundances of targeted taxa identified with the library sequencing approach. The results of this study indicate that chaperonin-60 clone libraries can be valid profiles of complex microbial communities and can be used as the basis for producing quantitative PCR assays to measure the abundance of taxa of interest during experimentally induced or natural changes in a community.
Action of grignard reagents and dialkylcadmiums on alkylquinolinium and alkylisoquinolinium salts. A relation between the basic strength of anions and their orientation in nuclear substitution reactions (1954)

W. Bradley and S. Jeffrey, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2770 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002770
Ghrelin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with female metabolic syndrome in Chinese population (2008)

The polymorphisms within GHSR might be a genetic risk factor for metabolic syndrome in women.
Streaming metal plasma generation by vacuum arc plasma guns (1998)

We have developed several different embodiments of repetitively pulsed vacuum arc metal plasma gun, including miniature versions, multicathode versions that can produce up to 18 different metal plasma species between which one can switch, and a compact high-duty cycle well-cooled version, as well as a larger dc gun. Plasma guns of this kind can be incorporated into a vacuum arc ion source for the production of high-energy metal ion beams, or used as a plasma source for thin film formation and for metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. The source can also be viewed as a low-energy metal ion source with ion drift velocity in the range 20–200 eV depending on the metal species used. Here we describe the plasma sources that we have developed, the properties of the plasma generated, and summarize their performance and limitations.
Syntheses of DL-α-Lipoic Acid (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of DL-α-Lipoic AcidLester J. Reed and Ching-I NiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 416–419Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01607a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views909Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of β-Arrestins (2002)

beta-arrestins (betaarrs) are two highly homologous proteins that uncouple G protein-coupled receptors from their cognate G proteins, serve as adaptor molecules linking G protein-coupled receptors to clathrin-coat components (AP-2 complex and clathrin), and act as scaffolding proteins for ERK1/2 and JNK3 cascades. A striking difference between the two betaarrs (betaarr1 and betaarr2) is that betaarr1 is evenly distributed throughout the cell, whereas betaarr2 shows an apparent cytoplasmic localization at steady state. Here, we investigate the molecular determinants underlying this differential distribution. betaarr2 is constitutively excluded from the nucleus by a leptomycin B-sensitive pathway because of the presence of a classical leucine-rich nuclear export signal in its C terminus (L395/L397) that is absent in betaarr1. In addition, using a nuclear import assay in yeast we showed that betaarr2 is actively imported into the nucleus, suggesting that betaarr2 undergoes constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In cells expressing betaarr2, JNK3 is mostly cytosolic. A point mutation of the nuclear export signal (L395A) in betaarr2, which was sufficient to redistribute betaarr2 from the cytosol to the nucleus, also caused the nuclear relocalization of JNK3. These data indicate that the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of betaarr2 controls the subcellular distribution of JNK3.
A Refreshable and Portable E-Braille System for the Blind and Visually Impaired (2020)

The objective of this research is to design an affordable Braille tactile display that is wearable, refreshable, and portable. The device is intended to be used as an output device that can playback stored media. It can be also incorporated with current Braille reading technologies. The device will control both the electrical and mechanical stimulations to optimize the sensation and ensure extended use of the device. This work is concerned mainly with the mechanical aspects of the design. This research proposed the development of a finger-wearable, scanning-style electric stimulation based (electrotactile) Braille display with sensing and adaptive rendering/actuation functions for assisting the BVI. E-Braille technology will allow the BVI to perform important tasks such as reading, writing, typing in Braille, printing text, browsing the Internet, engaging in on-line conversations, and perceiving graphics. Combined with the Cyber-Infrastructure network technology, E-Braille will allow the BVI to access more text, books and libraries anytime and anywhere. Additionally, the proposed E-Braille will provide a tool for collaborative research in the biomedical field involving psychophysicists, neurocytologists, electrochemists, and cognitive scientists. E-Braille will fill a gap in portable and adaptive "seeing" rehabilitation technology by providing the BVI with a fast, refreshable, and individualized electronic Braille tactile display. The proposed E-Braille system will dramatically enhance the lives of millions of the BVI by providing them with unprecedented access to information and communication at an affordable price and using the state-of-the-art sensing technology.
Volumetric 3D Display for Radiation Therapy Planning (2008)

In current clinical practice, radiation therapy planning (RTP) has often been treated as a two-dimensional (2D) problem, mainly due to the limitations in visualization technology available to date. The slice-by-slice display format makes it difficult to visualize the path of radiation beam not perpendicular to the axis of the CT slices. This discourages consideration of treatment plans that utilize radiation beam out of the transverse plane. Human body anatomical structures are inherently three-dimensional (3D) objects, and tumors and tissues/organs involved in the RTP are all of 3D shapes. A clear understanding of 3D spatial relationships among these structures, as well as the anatomic impact of 3D dose distributions, is essential for designing and evaluating radiation therapy plans. We have recently made an important breakthrough in the high-resolution volumetric 3D display technology and have made an initial attempt to apply it to RTP applications. By "volumetric 3D display", we mean that each "voxel" in the displayed 3D images is located physically at the (x, y, z) spatial position where it is supposed to be, and emits light from that position to form real 3D images in the eyes of viewers. We have demonstrated the feasibility of our system design by building full-scale prototypes and achieved a multi-color, large display volume, true volumetric 3D display system with a high resolution of over 10 million voxels in a portable design. This type of true 3D display system is able to present a 3D image of a patient's anatomy with transparent skin, providing both physiological and psychological depth cues to oncologists in perceiving and manipulating radiation beam configuration in true 3D fashion, thus offering a unique visualization tool to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and speed of the RTP process. The volumetric 3D display technology holds promise to significantly enhance the accuracy, safety, and speed of RTP procedures. Such an "understanding at a glance" capability is necessary to keep the clinicians from becoming bogged down in details, as he/she would be if provided only with conventional 2D display of CT slices with overlaid isodose lines. The main focus of this paper is to provide technical details on the volumetric 3D display system we developed, and present some initial results on its capability of displaying true 3D images. While the system design framework of applying such technology into RTP is introduced, its full scale clinical applications to RTP is still an ongoing effort and will be reported later in other publications.
A high performance digital receiver for home-built nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (2002)

The design and construction of a high-performance, low-cost, and easy to assemble quadrature digital receiver for a home-built nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer is described. Critical synchronization and timing issues are considered and solutions are discussed. The performance of the receiver is compared to that of a modern commercial NMR spectrometer. Advantages of this system include excellent passband flatness and delay flatness, very sharp filter cutoff, high dynamic range, bandwidths up to 30 MHz, and perfect balance between the quadrature channels with no component matching or adjustment.
Effects and mitigation of multipath on GPS/Galileo (2007)

A conventional method to mitigate multipath errors in GNSS receivers is the strobe correlator, which achieves discriminator function shaping by combining two different narrow-correlator discriminators [1] [2]. The method performs a good performance when the difference in delays of direct and reflected signal is biggish in GPS scenario. Nevertheless, the performance of the method is not so good for Galileo scenario. The advent of the European navigation system Galileo has made it an exigent requirement to develop the receiver that can track Galileo signals as well as GPS signals. So, a better way should be groped for to mitigate both GPS and Galileo multipath errors. In the paper, a novel multipath mitigation scheme, named Early-Late Strobe Correlator (ELSC), was presented for both GPS and Galileo signals. By the Matlab simulation to the method, multipath errors could be mitigated effectively by using ELSC, especially to Galileo signals. The experiment results show that more excellent performances can be obtained by adopting ELSC presented in the paper with respected to the strobe correlator, although this will result in a more complex structure of discriminators.