gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biofortification of Trace Elements in Food Crops for Human Health (2012)

Micronutrient deficiencies have been reported in food crops worldwide. Several macro- and micronutrients are essential for human health. However, among these elements, the trace elements zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), iodine (I), selenium (Se), and cobalt (Co) are limiting in the diets of much of the world's population. According to United Nations estimates, about 1 billion people, especially woman and children, are suffering from malnutrition of trace elements, especially in Africa, Asia, and South America. Improving bioavailability of these elements in food crops is an important strategy to overcome trace-element deficiencies in food crops and improving human health. Genetic variability in micronutrient contents in the grain of crops such as rice, corn, wheat, barley, soybean, and dry bean is widely reported in the literature. Hence, use of genetic variability among crop species and genotypes within species is an important strategy to achieve biofortification of grain of staple food crops. Other practices that can be adopted to improve bioavailability of essential elements in food crops are adopting appropriate agronomic practices, such as adequate rate, effective sources, and effective methods of fertilizer application. Use of biotechnology is also feasible to biofortification of staple food crops. Planting indigenous and traditional food crop species with high nutritive value is another important strategy to improve trace elements in human food.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of a rigid high spin-density polymer with piperidine-N-oxyl pending groups (1990)

4-Isocyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl was prepd. and polymd. to give a high-spin polymer having magnetic susceptibility obeying the Curie law. [on SciFinder (R)]
Synthesis of (+)-Zaragozic Acid C (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (+)-Zaragozic Acid CErick M. Carreira and J. Du BoisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10825–10826Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2370Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Radiographic joint space width in the fingers of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of less than one year's duration (2006)

In patients with early RA, MCP and PIP JSW is significantly associated with sex and height. In studies of RA in which JSW measurements are included as an outcome, these differences may need to be accounted for in the analysis.
Processor-in-the-Loop Simulations Applied to the Design and Evaluation of a Satellite Attitude Control (2014)

Processor-in-the-Loop Simulations Applied to the Design and Evaluation of a Satellite Attitude Control
A new class of light-fast oxonol dyes: organic-glass forming salts of oxonol anions and 4,4′-bipyridinium cations (2005)

Light-fastness of anionic oxonol dyes as measured in noncrystalline solid films was markedly improved by introducing 4,4′-bipyridiniums as counter cations.
Multi-sensor, high speed autonomous stair climbing (2003)

Small, tracked mobile robots designed for general urban mobility have been developed for the purpose of reconnaissance and/or search and rescue missions in buildings and cities. Autonomous stair climbing is a significant capability required for many of these missions. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a new set of estimation and control algorithms that increase the speed and effectiveness of stair climbing. We have developed: (1) a Kalman filter that fuses visual/laser data with inertial measurements and provides attitude estimates of improved accuracy at a high rate; and (2) a physics based controller that minimizes the heading error and maximizes the effective velocity of the vehicle during stair climbing. Experimental results using a tracked vehicle validate the improved performance of this control and estimation scheme over previous approaches.
Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of ATiO<inf>3</inf>, ATa<inf>2</inf>O<inf>6</inf>, AWO<inf>4</inf> (A = Ni, Mg, Co) ceramics (2009)

Microwave dielectric properties of ATiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , ATa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> and AWO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (A = Ni, Mg, Co) ceramics were investigated based on the structural characteristics of oxygen octahedra. ATiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (trigonal ilmenite), ATa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> (tetragonal tri-rutile) and AWO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (monoclinic wolframite) ceramics have A- and B-site oxygen octahedra with the different sharing type. Quality factor (Qf) of the specimens was affected by the sharing types of oxygen octahedra. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) of the specimens was decreased with increasing of octahedral distortion per molar volume. The dielectric constant (K) of the specimens was dependent on the dielectric polarizabilities and cations bond valence between octahedral cations and oxygen ion.
Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (1999)

Although laparotomy with resection remains the treatment of choice for most patients who require surgery for intestinal Crohn's disease, mounting evidence supports the safety and efficacy of less traditional approaches and procedures (ie, laparoscopy, stricture-plasty). In contrast to the approach to intestinal disease, many centers are advocating a more aggressive operative approach to perianal Crohn's disease. Over the past few years, restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has emerged as the operation of choice for most patients requiring surgery for ulcerative colitis. As experience with the operation grows, patient selection, technical features, and management of postoperative complications are being more clearly defined and optimized.
Plant-Derived Leading Compounds for Chemotherapy of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) Infection – An Update (1998 – 2007) (2008)

The high number of citations of the previous review on anti-HIV compounds from plants published in 1998 in Planta Medica indicates the importance of natural products research in the battle against HIV. Therefore, we have decided to write an update of our previous review paper, this time covering the time span 1998 - 2007. The following antiviral chemical classes are discussed in detail: alkaloids, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, proteins, quinones/xanthones, tannins and terpenes. If available, chemical structures, antiviral activity and selectivity, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship are presented.
Effects of Food Supplementation, Song Playback, and Temperature on Vocal Territorial Behavior of Carolina Wrens (1988)

Abstract We found both the song rate and the rate of song-type change of male Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in winter were positively correlated with ambient temperature. When the effect of temperature was controlled statistically, food supplementation significantly increased both the song rate and the rate of song-type change. Song playback did not significantly increase either song rate or rate of song-type change, however. Because foraging and singing are mutually exclusive behaviors in Carolina Wrens, the increase in vocal territorial behavior associated with warmer temperatures and food supplementation may reflect a decrease in the time required for foraging. The rate of vocal territorial behavior in winter may be more dependent on the amount of food available to wrens than on the presence of intruders.
Deep Learning for Image Denoising: A Survey (2018)

Since the proposal of big data analysis and Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), the deep learning technology has received a great deal of attention and has been widely applied in the field of imaging processing. In this paper, we have an aim to completely review and summarize the deep learning technologies for image denoising proposed in recent years. Morever, we systematically analyze the conventional machine learning methods for image denoising. Finally, we point out some research directions for the deep learning technologies in image denoising.
The earlier the colonization by mutans streptococci, the higher the caries prevalence at 4 years of age (1988)

Seventy‐eight 4‐year‐old children, examined earlier for the presence of mutans streptococci at 4‐month intervals from 15 months of age, were recalled for recording of dental caries and salivary sampling. The saliva samples were analysed for the presence of mutans streptococci, including the species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and lactobacilli. The results showed that the earlier the mutans streptococci had been detected in the children, the higher the caries experience. Eighty‐nine percent of the children colonized at 2 years of age had experienced caries and had a mean dfs of 5.0 compared with 25% of the non‐colonized 4‐year‐olds with a mean dfs of 0.3. S. mutans was the predominant species. S. sobrinus was usually found in combination with S. mutans , except in 2 children where S. sobrinus was the only species detected. More children with multiple species had higher numbers of total mutans streptococci and a tendency to higher caries prevalence than children with only S. mutans.
Two Essential Light Chains Regulate the MyoA Lever Arm To Promote <i>Toxoplasma</i> Gliding Motility (2015)

Tissue dissemination and host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma are pivotal to their pathogenesis. Central to these processes is gliding motility, which is driven by an actomyosin motor, the MyoA glideosome. Others have demonstrated the importance of the MyoA glideosome for parasite motility and virulence in mice. Disruption of its function may therefore have therapeutic potential, and yet a deeper mechanistic understanding of how it works is required. Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent phosphorylation and the direct binding of Ca(2+) to the essential light chain have been implicated in the regulation of MyoA activity. Here we identify a second essential light chain of MyoA and demonstrate the importance of both to Toxoplasma motility. We also investigate the role of Ca(2+) and the MyoA regulatory site in parasite motility and identify a potential mechanism whereby binding of a divalent cation to the essential light chains could stabilize the myosin to allow productive movement.
An improved synthesis algorithm for multiplexor-based PGA's (1992)

The authors address the problem of synthesis for a popular class of programmable gate array architectures, the multiplexer-based architectures. They present improved techniques for minimizing the number of basic blocks used to implement a combinational circuit. One source of improvement is the use of if-then-else DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) as subject graphs along with BDDs (binary decision diagrams). An important contribution is a very fast algorithm which always gives a match for a function onto the basic block of the architecture, when one exists. Results obtained on a number of benchmark examples are given. >
Virulence of a Legionella anisa strain associated with Pontiac fever: an evaluation using protozoan, cell culture, and guinea pig models (1990)

Legionella anisa and the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis were isolated from an indoor fountain implicated as the infectious reservoir in an outbreak of Pontiac fever. We evaluated the ability of this strain of L. anisa to multiply in cultures of an amoeba (H. vermiformis), a ciliated protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis), and human mononuclear cells and to infect guinea pigs. These bacteria multiplied in the culture of H. vermiformis but failed to infect guinea pigs or the cultures of T. pyriformis and human mononuclear cells. These findings suggest that some Legionella spp. may multiply only in specific protozoan hosts. The inability of this strain of L. anisa to multiply in human phagocytic cells may be related to the development of Pontiac fever rather than pneumonic legionellosis in exposed individuals. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the ability of legionellae to infect certain host cells can be correlated to differences in human disease.
A Family of Remote Center of Motion Mechanisms Based on Intersecting Motion Planes (2013)

If a part of a mechanism is restrained to rotate about a point not physically belonging to it, the mechanism is called a remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanism. The RCM mechanisms are generally designed especially for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS) systems, for which great progress has been made in recent years. An RCM mechanism type synthesis method is proposed in this paper by generalizing the intersection of motion planes. The existence of such motion planes is the fundamental feature of the classic Sarrus mechanism, for instance. The basic principle of the type synthesis method is to combine some typical planar mechanisms where their respective motion planes are free to tilt. Hence, the intersection line varies as the planes tilt. There is one invariant point on this intersection line, however, and this is the RCM point. The proposed method is used to design a class of spatial RCM mechanisms. And the kinematic characteristics of them are presented in this paper. In particular, several fully parallel two degree-of-freedom (DOF) RCM mechanisms and a 1-DOF RCM mechanism are considered in detail. Two spatial 3-DOF overconstrained RCM mechanisms are also obtained by the proposed method.
Automated EJB client code generation using database query rewriting (2003)

Enterprise JavaBean (hereafter EJB) technology has been widely adopted in software industry to develop Web information systems. However, most of EJB applications are reengineered from legacy database applications. This means that legacy SQL statements need to be translated into EJB client code. Since many methods in Enterprise Beans can be regarded as view definitions of the underlying database, the EJB client code generation can be mapped to the problem of query rewriting using views. This paper addresses the automatic generation of EJB client code using query rewriting.
Automatic zooming mechanism for capturing clear moving object image using high definition fixed camera (2017)

High definition (HD) camera is widely used in surveillance systems. An HD camera with optical zoom is useful for monitoring a large area. However, it is inconvenient for a user to manually control the optical zoom for a long time. To exploit the functionality and extend the application domains of a HD camera, the zooming should be controlled automatically. Therefore, an automatic zooming mechanism is proposed in this paper. When the number of an object is small in the field of view (FOV) of the camera and an object is moving through the FOV, the zoom is controlled for capturing the object as clear as possible. A clear object image is useful for related image-based services, such as face recognition. In order to achieve the above goal, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), temporal image differencing, a CamShift tracking method, and a Kalman filter are utilized for object detection and tracking. Then, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to learn and determine a suitable value for adjusting the zoom. According to the experimental study of the prototype, the results show that the proposed mechanism is useful to capture the clear images of moving objects in a practical environment. A face detection algorithm is also used to demonstrate the feasibility of the captured clear images.
Near-Infrared Cu–In–Se-Based Colloidal Nanocrystals via Cation Exchange (2018)

We developed a three-step colloidal synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) active Cu–In–Se (CISe)-based nanocrystals (NCs) via a sequential partial cation exchange realized in one pot. In the first step, binary highly copper deficient Cu2–xSe NCs were synthesized, followed by a partial cation exchange of copper to indium ions, yielding CISe NCs. This reaction allows for a precise control of the composition of the resulting NCs through a simple variation of the ratio between guest-cation precursors and parent NCs. To enhance the stability and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the NCs, a subsequent ZnS shell was grown in the third step, resulting in CISeS/ZnS core/shell particles. These core/shell hetero-NCs exhibited a dramatic increase in size and a restructuring to trigonal pyramidal shape. The shell growth performed at a relatively high temperature (250 °C) also led to anion exchange, in which sulfur replaced part of selenium atoms close to the surface of the NCs, forming alloyed CISeS core structure. This efficient anion exchange is rarely reported for I–III–VI-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, we demonstrated that at higher reaction temperature, it is possible to obtain In-rich CISeS/ZnS NCs whose emission was shifted to the visible region. Therefore, a careful tuning of the reaction parameters, such as the Cu:Se and Cu:In ratios, temperature, and time, enables a distinct control over the size and composition of the NCs while maintaining their crystal structure. By varying the size of the CISeS/ZnS NCs from 9 to 18 nm, the PL spectra could be tuned, covering a wide NIR range with maxima from 990 to 1210 nm. Thus, in these experiments, we demonstrated a clear dependence of the optical properties of these materials on their size and extended the PL range of CISe-based NCs further to the infrared part of the spectrum. The results obtained might be important not only to elucidation of fundamentals of ion exchange reactions but also may provide a general preparative approach to a wide variety of copper chalcogenide-based NCs with well-controlled size, shape, composition, and even crystal structure.
Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 (Tet1) Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase (Ogt) for Target Gene Repression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2013)

As a member of the Tet (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins that can convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC), Tet1 has been implicated in regulating global DNA demethylation and gene expression. Tet1 is highly expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and appears primarily to repress developmental genes for maintaining pluripotency. To understand how Tet1 may regulate gene expression, we conducted large scale immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of endogenous Tet1 in mouse ES cells. We found that Tet1 could interact with multiple chromatin regulators, including Sin3A and NuRD complexes. In addition, we showed that Tet1 could also interact with the O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and be O-GlcNAcylated. Depletion of Ogt led to reduced Tet1 and 5hmC levels on Tet1-target genes, whereas ectopic expression of wild-type but not enzymatically inactive Ogt increased Tet1 levels. Mutation of the putative O-GlcNAcylation site on Tet1 led to decreased O-GlcNAcylation and level of the Tet1 protein. Our results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation can positively regulate Tet1 protein concentration and indicate that Tet1-mediated 5hmC modification and target repression is controlled by Ogt.
From Paraphrase Database to Compositional Paraphrase Model and Back (2015)

The Paraphrase Database (PPDB; Ganitkevitch et al., 2013) is an extensive semantic resource, consisting of a list of phrase pairs with (heuristic) confidence estimates. However, it is still unclear how it can best be used, due to the heuristic nature of the confidences and its necessarily incomplete coverage. We propose models to leverage the phrase pairs from the PPDB to build parametric paraphrase models that score paraphrase pairs more accurately than the PPDB's internal scores while simultaneously improving its coverage. They allow for learning phrase embeddings as well as improved word embeddings. Moreover, we introduce two new, manually annotated datasets to evaluate short-phrase paraphrasing models. Using our paraphrase model trained using PPDB, we achieve state-of-the-art results on standard word and bigram similarity tasks and beat strong baselines on our new short phrase paraphrase tasks.
Wavelength division multiplexer with photoinduced Bragg gratings fabricated in a planar-lightwave-circuit-type asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer on Si (1996)

A planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC)-type wavelength division multiplexer with photoinduced Bragg gratings is successfully fabricated on Si. The Bragg gratings are formed in the arms of an asymmetric four-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). We demonstrate that signals with three wavelengths can be demultiplexed to three output ports. Heaters are used to compensate for the phase error in the MZI and to switch the output ports. An insertion loss at a Bragg wavelength of 1534.78 nm can be changed from 1.5 to about 19 dB by controlling the heater, indicating that photoinduced Bragg gratings are useful for expanding PLC functions.
Farmation of Sodium Zeolite Type A from Kaolin Minerals Using Sodium Hydroxide (1967)

結晶度の異なる数種のカオリン鉱物およびアロフェンからのA型ゼオライトの生成の過程をX線回折および電子顕微鏡法によって研究した。すべてのカオリン鉱物およびアロフェンは常圧下において水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で処理すると,最終的にはヒドロキシソーダライトに変化する。これらの構造変化はつぎのような過程をとる。カオリン鉱物アロフェン → 無定形状態 → Na-A型ゼナライト ↓ ヒドロキシーダライトNa-A型ゼナライトの生成は水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の濃度,水酸化ナトリウム量,処理温度および処理時間に依存するが,もとのカオリン鉱物の結晶度の低いほど,A型ゼオライトは生成しやすい。結晶度の低いカオリン鉱物およびアロフェンを用いることによって,これらの構造を無定形にする前処理をまったく行なうことなしに,Na-A型ゼオライトを合成することが可能である。
Discrepancies in serological tissue typing revealed by DNA techniques (1988)

DNA techniques were applied to typing a population of renal patients in order to assess the number of discrepancies between this technique and the serological technique. Five patients had been given an incorrect type by serology, and in 22 instances allogenotypes were found where previously there had been a serological blank. DNA typing was also able to determine allogenotypic subtypes that correlated with DR antigens difficult to split by serology and to determine allogenotypic subtypes correlating with DR antigens not known to have a split by serology. Whereas DNA typing provided a result first time of testing on all but 3 patients, the average number of serological testings for each patient was 1.9.