gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Belinostat Represses Survivin Expression through Reactivation of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Receptor II Leading to Cancer Cell Death (2011)

Survivin is a cancer-associated gene that functions to promote cell survival, cell division, and angiogenesis and is a marker of poor prognosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis and re-expression of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. In association with increased expression of the tumor suppressor gene transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGFβRII) induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat, we observed repressed survivin expression. We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in survivin down-regulation by belinostat downstream of reactivation of TGFβ signaling. We identified two mechanisms. At early time points, survivin protein half-life was decreased with its proteasomal degradation. We observed that belinostat activated protein kinase A at early time points in a TGFβ signaling-dependent mechanism. After longer times (48 h), survivin mRNA was also decreased by belinostat. We made the novel observation that belinostat mediated cell death through the TGFβ/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Induction of TGFβRII with concomitant survivin repression may represent a significant mechanism in the anticancer effects of this drug. Therefore, patient populations exhibiting high survivin expression with epigenetically silenced TGFβRII might potentially benefit from the use of this histone deacetylase inhibitor.
Chronic Treatment With the Cannabinoid 1 Antagonist Rimonabant Altered Vasoactive Cyclo-oxygenase-Derived Products on Arteries From Obese Zucker Rats (2010)

To investigate the effect of chronic cannabinoid 1 antagonism on vascular prostanoid production, obese Zucker rats were treated with rimonabant (10 mg/kg per day) during 20 weeks and then vascular and endothelial reactivity were assessed in aortic rings by analyzing response to phenylephrine and acetylcholine. The presence of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors (SC-560 and NS-398, respectively) and the enzyme immunoassay revealed lower PGI2 production by aortic rings from obese rats with rimonabant able to restore such response toward levels found in the lean animals. The treatment also reduced TXB2 but did not alter its participation on acetylcholine-induced relaxation as the TP receptor antagonist ICI-192,605 revealed. Those effects were associated with an enhancement of cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression without affecting p38MAPK phosphorylation. Obese rats also exhibited higher nitric oxide plasma concentrations and greater inducible nitric oxide synthase participation on vascular phenylephrine-induced response without changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression. Although rimonabant reduced such alteration, the values were still higher than those found in lean rats. Finally, rimonabant was also able to reduce tumor necrosis factor-α produced by adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. These results highlight a crosstalk among cannabinoids and cyclo-oxygenase-derived products in the vasculature of obese animals.
A Gap Between Total Prostate-specific Antigen and the Sum of Free Prostate-specific Antigen Plus α1-Antichymotrypsin-Prostate-specific Antigen in Patients with Prostate Carcinoma but not in Those with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (1999)

Aproximately 70–90% of the total serum prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) in serum is complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), whereas 10–30% of t-PSA is not bound to serum proteins and is called free PSA (f-PSA). The determination of f-PSA and the calculation of the ratio of free to total PSA has proven to be a promising tool for differentiating between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), because the ratio is lower in PCa than in BPH (1)(2). Although the determination of ACT-PSA would have the analytical advantage of measuring the major and not the minimal portion and the clinical advantage of measuring the portion of serum PSA apparently directly related to PCa (3)(4)(5), overrecovery problems related to interferences with the ACT-cathepsin G complex for ACT-PSA assays are obstructive to accurate ACT-PSA measurement (6). Thus, it is generally assumed that the sum of f-PSA plus ACT-PSA yields t-PSA, whereas the small amounts of PSA being bound to other proteins such as α1-antitrypsin and protein C may be neglected. However, there is no information concerning whether the occurrence of minor forms of PSA is different between patients with PCa and those with BPH. We have now studied this problem by using a reliable ACT-PSA assay.

t-PSA, f-PSA, and ACT-PSA were measured on an ES immunoanalyzer (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH). The principle of the tests is based on the one-step (for t-PSA; cat. no. 1555332) and/or two-step (for f-PSA, cat. no. 1776444; for ACT-PSA, a research assay) sandwich technique. For the determination of t-PSA, samples (calibrators, patient samples, and control materials) are incubated together with biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-t-PSA antibody (mAb M10) solution and horseradish peroxidase-labeled mouse anti-PSA conjugate in streptavidin-coated plastic tubes. For the determination of f-PSA and ACT-PSA, the newly developed assay, samples …
Determination of hair cell metabolic state in isolated cochlear preparations by two-photon microscopy (2007)

Currently there is no accepted method to measure the metabolic status of the organ of Corti. Since metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are expected to play a role in many different hearing disorders, here for the first time we employ two-photon metabolic imaging to assess the metabolic status of the cochlea. When excited with ultrashort pulses of 740-nm light, both inner and outer hair cells in isolated murine cochlear preparations exhibited intrinsic fluorescence. This fluorescence is characterized and shown to be consistent with a mixture of oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The location of the fluorescence within hair cells is also consistent with the different mitochondrial distributions in these cell types. Treatments with cyanide and mitochondrial uncouplers show that hair cells are metabolically active. Both NADH and Fp in inner hair cells gradually become completely oxidized within 50 min from the time of death of the animal. Outer hair cells show similar trends but are found to have greater variability. We show that it is possible to use two-photon metabolic imaging to assess metabolism in the mouse organ of Corti.
Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of rabies virus variants involved in human rabies: implications for postexposure prophylaxis. (2000)

SHBRV strains have unique characteristics that may explain their exceptional association with human rabies but have little bearing on their lethality in mice. The pathogenicity of a particular virus, rather than its antigenic makeup, determines the outcome of immunization.
The synthesis of carbon nanotubes on silicon nanowires by thermal chemical vapor deposition (2010)

In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on the silicon nanowires substrate with different thickness of Ni catalyst layer at temperatures 900°C using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to study their effects on surface morphology and field emission characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image was used to observe the surface morphology and structural properties, and Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the structural changes caused by different catalyst thickness. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate that catalyst thickness can effectively vary the field emission current of CNTs. Obvious changes in the surface density and morphology of CNTs caused by the variation of catalyst thickness can be clearly seen, which attributed to the grain size effect and thus an increase in emission current. The emission characteristics of CNTs were found to be dependent on the diameter of carbon nanotubes. Compared with CNTs grown on the different thickness of catalyst, CNTs grown on silicon nano wires with Ni catalyst of 7.5nm exhibit the largest field emission current.
Wireless performance improvement using an embedded balanced dipole antenna in laptop computer considering platform noise impact (2008)

Balanced antenna was proposed to improve the wireless communication performance by reducing platform noise. The concept was implemented and demonstrated using a balanced antenna design and ceramic balun. Platform noise reduction was achieved up to 5 dB and 11 dB for broadband noise and narrowband noise respectively. It is promising to improve the throughput and range by employing the balanced antenna in laptop computer.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Droplet Formation in a Cross-Flow Microchannel (2014)

It has been well established that droplets could be produced by various microchannels in many research and application areas. In this paper, we experimentally study the formation of droplets by flow focusing of two immiscible liquids in cross-flow microchannels. The used microchannels are featured by width of 100 µm and depth of 60 µm, which are fabricated with poly-dimethylsiloxane. The process of droplet formation is described in detail by changing the parameters which control the droplet size and generation rate. Different characteristic regimes are achieved over a large range of flow rates. We also numerically simulate the behaviors of droplets in the tested microfluidic device. The variation tendency of droplet formation frequency with different flow rates and transport properties of the continuous and dispersed phases are illustrated. The important parameters resulted from different flow conditions and configurations at the junctions and flow focusing section are also presented.
Emerging Piglet Models of Neonatal Short Bowel Syndrome (2014)

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a growing problem in the human neonatal population. In infants, SBS is the leading cause of intestinal failure, the state of being unable to absorb sufficient nutrients for growth and development. Neonates with SBS are dependent on long-term parenteral nutrition therapy, but many succumb to the complications of sepsis and liver disease. Research in neonatal SBS is challenged by the ethical limits of studying sick human neonates and the heterogeneous nature of the disease process. Outcomes in SBS vary depending on residual intestinal anatomy, intestinal length, patient age, and exposure to nutrition therapies. The neonatal piglet serves as an appropriate translational model of the human neonate because of similarities in gastrointestinal ontogeny, physiological maturity, and adaptive processes. Re-creating the disease process in a piglet model presents a unique opportunity for researchers to discover novel insights and therapies in SBS. Emerging piglet models of neonatal SBS now represent the entire spectrum of disease seen in human infants. This review aims to contextualize these emerging piglet models within the context of SBS as a heterogeneous disease. We first explore the factors that account for SBS heterogeneity and then explore the suitability of the neonatal piglet as an appropriate translational animal model. We then examine differences between the emerging piglet models of neonatal SBS and how these differences affect their translational potential to human neonates with SBS.
Linearizing mechanisms in conventional tomographic imaging (1978)

Implicit in the concept of conventional tomography and in any attempt to characterize the tomographic process by a modulation transfer function is the assumption that the tomographic process is linear. A Fourier decomposition approach and an analysis of nonlinear contributions to the integrated tomographic image intensity are used in this paper to establish the validity of this assumption and to determine the mechanisms by which the tomographic process is effectively linearized.
A Kinase Domain-truncated Type I Receptor Blocks Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-induced Signal Transduction in C2C12 Myoblasts (1997)

Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily bind the transmembrane serine/threonine kinase complex consisting of type I and type II receptors. Their intracellular signals are propagated via respective type I receptors. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, induces ectopic bone formation when implanted into muscular tissues. Two type I receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB) have been identified for BMP-2. We have reported that BMP-2 inhibits the terminal differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and converts their differentiation pathway into that of osteoblast lineage cells (Katagiri, T., Yamaguchi, A., Komaki, M., Abe, E., Takahashi, N., Ikeda, T., Rosen, V., Wozney, J. M., Fujisawa-Sehara, A. and Suda, T. (1994) J. Cell Biol. 127, 1755-1766). In the present study, we examined the involvement of functional BMP-2 type I receptors in signal transduction in C2C12 cells, which expressed mRNA for BMPR-IA, but not for BMPR-IB in Northern blotting. TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) mRNA was also expressed in C2C12 cells. Subclonal cell lines of C2C12 that stably expressed a kinase domain-truncated BMPR-IA (DeltaBMPR-IA) differentiated into myosin heavy chain-expressing myotubes but not into alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells, even in the presence of BMP-2. In contrast, the differentiation of the DeltaBMPR-IA-transfected C2C12 cells into myotubes was suppressed by TGF-beta1, as in the parental C2C12 cells. BMP-2 did not efficiently suppress the mRNA expression of muscle-specific genes such as muscle creatine kinase, MyoD, and myogenin, nor did it induce the expression of ALP mRNA in the DeltaBMPR-IA-transfected C2C12 cells. In contrast, TGF-beta1 inhibited mRNA expression of the muscle-specific genes in those cells. When wild-type BMPR-IA was transiently transfected into the DeltaBMPR-IA-transfected C2C12 cells, a number of ALP-positive cells appeared in the presence of BMP-2. Transfection of wild-type BMPR-IB or TbetaR-I failed to increase the number of ALP-positive cells. These results suggest that the BMP-2-induced signals, which inhibit myogenic differentiation and induce osteoblast differentiation, are transduced via BMPR-IA in C2C12 myoblasts.
Responsivity and Noise of Self-Mixing Photodetection Schemes (2011)

Responsivity and noise properties of the self-mixing (SM) detection process are analyzed. Starting with the photodiode and SM laser scheme as a detector of weak optical echoes from remote targets, we find equivalence to a coherent homodyne detection of the returning signal. In particular, in the VIS-NIR wavelength range, echoes can be detected down to about -90 dB of relative amplitude, typically. Then we consider the laser-diode voltage self-mixing (LV-SM) detection and find it is also a coherent homodyne scheme, though noise performance is limited by shot-noise of the bias current and by the relatively small signal supplied as an output. Theoretical results are finally compared to recent experimental data, finding a substantial agreement and confirming that the LV-SM is an attractive alternative to conventional photo-detection, especially for THz waves and other spectral ranges where good low-noise detectors may be difficult to employ.
Synthesis and characterization of poly‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysine with controlled low molecular weight (1997)

Abstract N ‐Carboxy‐( N ϵ ‐benzyloxycarbonyl)‐ L ‐lysine anhydride (Z‐ L ‐lysine NCA) was polymerized in dimethylformamide with triethylamine, diethylamine or hexylamine as initiator, at varying molar ratios of NCA to initiator (M/I ratio). After removal of the protecting Z‐group the resulting poly‐ L ‐lysine was characterized with 1 H NMR and MALDI TOF MS. Both diethylamine‐ and hexylamine‐initiated polymerization yielded poly‐ L ‐lysine in which the initiators were incorporated at the carboxylic end of the polymer. This indicates that the NCA polymerization occurred exclusively via nucleophilic attack of the initiator on the monomer. On the other, hand, when triethylamine was used as the initiator, poly‐ L ‐lysine was obtained in which no triethylamine‐derived end group could be detected by MS. These polymer chains are most likely end‐capped with an N ‐acyl‐2,5‐dioxopiperazine group at the carboxylic end of the polymer. Incorporation of diethylamine and hexylamine allowed determination of the degree of polymerization (DP) of the obtained polymers by 1 H NMR. The DP depended linearly on the M/I ratio, for both diethylamine and hexylamine, with higher DPs for the diethylamine‐initiated poly‐ L ‐lysine at equal M/I ratio.
Morphological characterization of different human cervical mucus types using light and scanning electron microscopy (2003)

Mucus from the lumen of the cervix appears to be a morphologically heterogeneous entity. It contains different types of secretions, the proportions of which vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The different mucosal types show different types of crystallization, different patterns of ultrastructure (probably related to the arrangement of the glycoprotein network) and are produced in different secretory zones of the crypts in the cervix.
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between dapagliflozin, a novel sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, and metformin, pioglitazone, glimepiride or sitagliptin in healthy subjects (2010)

Dapagliflozin can be co-administered with pioglitazone, metformin, glimepiride or sitagliptin without dose adjustment of either drug.
Ultraviolet analysis of benzoyl peroxide-initiated styrene polymerizations and copolymerizations. 1 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltraviolet analysis of benzoyl peroxide-initiated styrene polymerizations and copolymerizations. 1Luis H. Garcia Rubio, N. Ro, and R. D. PatelCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 10, 1998–2005Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00140a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00140a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strong Spin-Orbit Splitting on Bi Surfaces (2004)

Using first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission, we show that the spin-orbit interaction leads to a strong splitting of the surface-state bands on low-index surfaces of Bi. The dispersion of the states and the corresponding Fermi surfaces are profoundly modified in the whole surface Brillouin zone. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to a proposed surface charge density wave on Bi(111) as well as to the surface screening, surface spin-density waves, electron (hole) dynamics in surface states, and to possible applications to the spintronics.
The Leading Role of Association in Framework Modification of Highly Siliceous Zeolites with Adsorbed Methylamine (2006)

Affinity index (AT value), adsorption heat, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 13C and 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopies were used to study the interaction of highly siliceous MFI-, FAU-, and FER-type zeolites with adsorbed methylamine (MA). Compared with the data for methanol, the much higher AT values and adsorption heats, and significant changes in XRD patterns, 29Si MAS NMR spectra, and FTIR spectra for the zeolites after adsorption of MA, revealed a strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the perfect framework of the zeolites and the adsorbed MAs. This interaction results from the fact that the H atom of the amine group attacks the [Si-O] framework to form a Si-OHN bond, which leads to the appearance of Si-N bonds in the zeolites at 323 K. Therefore, the zeolite framework can be modified with MA under mild conditions. The highly siliceous MFI zeolite and the H-ZSM-5 zeolite with SiO2/Al2O3=31:1 were modified with MA and investigated by temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. The modified zeolites exhibited greatly enhanced basic properties in comparison with those of the raw materials. The influence of defects in the zeolite on the adsorption and the interaction with MA is discussed.
Insulin Pump Safety Meeting: Summary Report (2009)

Diabetes Technology Society convened a panel of insulin pump experts in Bethesda, Maryland, on November 12, 2008, at the request of the Food and Drug Administration. The group consisted of physicians, nurses, diabetes educators, and engineers from across the United States. The panel members (1) discussed safety features of insulin pump therapy and (2) recommended adjustments to current insulin pump design and use to enhance overall safety. Software and hardware features of insulin pumps were analyzed from engineering, medical, nursing, and pump-user perspectives. The meeting was divided into four sections: (1) Engineering Safety-Designing Software and Hardware for Insulin Pump Therapy; (2) Patient Safety-Selecting Patients and Clinical Settings for Insulin Pump Use; (3) Clinical Safety-Determining and Delivering Insulin Dosages Using Insulin Pump Therapy; and (4) Personal Experiences-A Panel Discussion about Insulin Pump Safety. Six aspects of insulin pump technology were noted to present potential safety problems: (1) software, (2) wireless communication, (3) hardware, (4) alarms, (5) human factors, and (6) bolus-dose calculation. There was consensus among meeting participants that insulin pump therapy is beneficial in patients of all ages and that insulin pump safety must be assured through careful regulation.
A survey of the optimal power flow literature (1991)

A survey is presented of publications in the fields of optimal power flow and dispatching. It suggests a classification of methods based on the choice of optimization techniques. The survey is summarized in a single flow-chart-type figure, which indicates the relationship between methods, their chronology, and their popularity. This figure is based on a compilation of over three hundred publications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Corticosteroids Prevent Early Deterioration in Patients with Moderately Severe <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (1990)

Oral corticosteroids prevent early deterioration and increase exercise tolerance in patients with moderately severe AIDS-related P. carinii pneumonia.