gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Level Structure of InAs Quantum Dots in Two-Dimensional Assemblies (2006)

The electronic level structure of colloidal InAs quantum dots (QDs) in two-dimensional arrays, forming a QD-solid system, was probed using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The band gap is found to reduce compared to that of the corresponding isolated QDs. Typically, the electron (conduction-band) ground state red shifts more than the hole (valence-band) ground state. This is assigned to the much smaller effective mass of the electrons, resulting in stronger electron delocalization and larger coupling between electron states of neighboring QDs compared to the holes. This is corroborated by comparing these results with those for InAs and CdSe nanorod assemblies, manifesting the effects of the electron effective mass and arrangement of nearest neighbors on the band gap reduction. In addition, in InAs QD arrays, the levels are broadened, and in some cases their discrete level structure was nearly washed out completely and the tunneling spectra exhibited a signature of two-dimensional density of states.
Brown Adipose Tissue and Seasonal Variation in Humans (2009)

Our study demonstrates a very strong seasonal variation in the presence of BAT. This effect is more closely associated with photoperiod than ambient temperature, suggesting a previously undescribed mechanism for mediating BAT function in humans that could now potentially be recruited for the prevention or reversal of obesity.
Augmented Reality and Deep Learning towards the Management of Secondary Building Assets (2019)

The retrieval of as-is information for existing buildings is a prerequisite for effectively operating facilities, through the creation or updating of Building/Asset Information Models (BIM/AIM), or Digital Twins. At present, many studies focus on the capture of geometry for the modelling of primary components, overlooking the fact that many recurring actions need to be conducted on assets inside buildings. Furthermore, highly accurate survey techniques like laser scanning need long offsite processing for object recognition. Performing such process on site would dramatically impact efficiency and also prevent the need to revisit the site in the case of insufficient/incomplete data. In this paper, an Augmented Reality (AR) system is proposed enabling inventory, information retrieval and information update directly on-site. It would reduce post-processing work and avoid loss of information and unreliability of data. The system has a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) AR interface that lets the technician interact handsfree with the real world and digital information contained in the BIM/AIM. A trained Deep Learning Neural Network operates the automatic recognition of objects in the field of view of the user and their placement into the digital BIM. In this paper, two uses cases are described: one is the inventory of small assets inside buildings to populate a BIM/AIM, and the second is the retrieval of relevant information from the AIM to support maintenance operations. Partial development and feasibility tests of the first use case applied to fire extinguishers, have been carried out to assess the feasibility and value of this system.
The networked video jukebox (1994)

The availability of low-cost compression/decompression (codec) hardware for video and audio has given us the opportunity to provide multi-media applications over data networks. The paper describes a particular system that the authors have built to demonstrate this capability. A video jukebox has been built using off-the-shelf computers connected over Ethernet. For wide area connectivity, SMDS attachment has been used. Combined video and audio clips can be selectively played on a PC equipped with low cost video and audio codec cards, using JPEG and ADPCM compression hardware. The data for these clips is retrieved in real time from a Unix workstation via the network. Following a description of the system design, the performance obtainable from a number of network configurations is shown from the results of the experiments conducted. These results show that the addition of real-time transport software on top of the standard Internet protocols allows one to provide video and audio clips with a system comprising standard off-the-shelf equipment. The quality of these clips is considered acceptable for many applications. The authors have quantified the capacity of the system in terms of the data rates and the number of users, and have identified which parts of the total system become bottlenecks as each of these parameters is increased. Solutions to overcoming these bottlenecks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidence for a Novel Cdc42GAP Domain at the Carboxyl Terminus of BNIP-2 (2000)

We recently identified BNIP-2, a previously cloned Bcl-2- and E1B-associated protein, as a putative substrate of the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase and showed that it possesses GTPase-activating activity toward Cdc42 despite the lack of homology to previously described catalytic domains of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). BNIP-2 contains many arginine residues at the carboxyl terminus, which includes the region of homology to the noncatalytic domain of Cdc42GAP, termed BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP homology (BCH) domain. Using BNIP-2 glutathione S-transferase recombinants, it was found that its BCH bound Cdc42, and contributed the GAP activity. This domain was predicted to fold into alpha-helical bundles similar to the topology of the catalytic GAP domain of Cdc42GAP. Alignment of exposed arginine residues in this domain helped to identify Arg-235 and Arg-238 as good candidates for catalysis. Arg-238 matched well to the arginine "finger" required for enhanced GTP hydrolysis in homodimerized Cdc42. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that an R235K or R238K mutation severely impaired the BNIP-2 GAP activity without affecting its binding to Cdc42. From deletion studies, a region adjacent to the arginine patch ((288)EYV(290) on BNIP-2) and the Switch I and Rho family-specific "Insert" region on Cdc42 are involved in the binding. The results indicate that the BCH domain of BNIP-2 represents a novel GAP domain that employs an arginine patch motif similar to that of the Cdc42-homodimer.
A New Model of Information Content for Semantic Similarity in WordNet (2008)

Information Content (IC) is an important dimension of assessing the semantic similarity between two terms or word senses in word knowledge. The conventional method of obtaining IC of word senses is to combine knowledge of their hierarchical structure from an ontology like WordNet with actual usage in text as derived from a large corpus. In this paper, a new model of IC is presented, which relies on hierarchical structure alone. The model considers not only the hyponyms of each word sense but also its depth in the structure. The IC value is easier to calculate based on our model, and when used as the basis of a similarity approach it yields judgments that correlate more closely with human assessments than others, which using IC value obtained only considering the hyponyms and IC value got by employing corpus analysis.
The association of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection? (1999)

The cause of grass sickness, an equine dysautonomia, is unknown. The disease usually results in death. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common clinical manifestation in all forms of the disease. It is generally thought that equine grass sickness (EGS) is caused by an ingested or enterically produced neurotoxin which is absorbed through the GI tract. Clostridium botulinum was first implicated as a causative agent when it was isolated from the GI tract of a horse with EGS in 1919. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that EGS results from toxicoinfection with C. botulinum type C: growth of the bacterium in the GI tract with production of toxin (BoNT/C). Ileum contents and faeces from horses with EGS were investigated for BoNT/C, and indirectly for the presence of C. botulinum type C, and compared with control samples from horses without EGS. BoNT/C was detected directly by ELISA in the ileum of 45% (13/29) of horses with EGS compared to 4% (1/28) of controls, and in the faeces of 44% (20/45) of horses with EGS compared to 4% (3/77) of controls. Levels of up to 10 Mlg toxin/g wet weight of gut contents were observed. The one control horse with detectable toxin in the ileum had been clinically diagnosed as having acute EGS, but this was not confirmed by histopathology. The organism was detected indirectly by assaying for BoNT/C by ELISA after enrichment in culture medium. C. botulinum type C was shown to be present in 48% (14/29) of ileum samples and 44% (20/45) of faecal samples from horses with EGS, compared with 7% (2/27) of ileum samples and 8% (6/72) of faecal samples from controls. These results support the hypothesis that EGS results from a C. botulinum type C toxicoinfection.
Genome Analysis of Osteosarcoma Progression Samples Identifies FGFR1 Overexpression as a Potential Treatment Target and CHM as a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene (2016)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, showing complex chromosomal rearrangements but with few known consistent changes. Deeper biological understanding is crucial to find new therapies to improve patient survival. We have sequenced the whole exome of two primary tumors (before and after chemotherapy), one metastatic tumor and a matched normal sample from two OS patients, to identify mutations involved in cancer biology. The metastatic samples were also RNA sequenced. By RNA sequencing we identified dysregulated expression levels of drug resistance- and apoptosis-related genes. Two fusion transcripts were identified in one patient (OS111); the first resulted in p53 inactivation by fusing the first exon of TP53 to the fifth exon of FAM45A. The second fusion joined the two first exons of FGFR1 to the second exon of ZNF343. Furthermore, FGFR1 was amplified and highly expressed, representing a potential treatment target in this patient. Whole exome sequencing revealed large intertumor heterogeneity, with surprisingly few shared mutations. Careful evaluation and validation of the data sets revealed a number of artefacts, but one recurrent mutation was validated, a nonsense mutation in CHM (patient OS106), which also was the mutation with the highest expression frequency (53%). The second patient (OS111) had wild-type CHM, but a downregulated expression level. In a panel of 71 clinical samples, we confirmed significant low expression of CHM compared to the controls (p = 0.003). Furthermore, by analyzing public datasets, we identified a significant association between low expression and poor survival in two other cancer types. Together, these results suggest CHM as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that warrants further investigation.
LEAKPROOF ASSEMBLY OF MODERATOR BLOCKS IN A NUCLEAR REACTOR (1961)

The moderator blocks are separated by a flat ring made of the same moderating material and machined so that its minimum Wigner growth applies perpendicularly to its flat surfaces. Corresponding grooves are cut into the ends of the blocks. (EURATOM)
Inflammatory back pain in ankylosing spondylitis: A reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria (2006)

A new set of criteria for IBP performed better than previous criteria in AS patients with established disease. A prospective study is needed to validate the diagnostic properties of the new candidate criteria set in patients with early disease.
Duffy‐null promoter heterozygosity reduces DARC expression and abrogates adhesion of the <i>P. vivax</i> ligand required for blood‐stage infection (2001)

The Duffy blood group antigen is an essential receptor for Plasmodium vivax entry into erythrocytes in a process mediated by the parasite ligand, the Duffy binding protein (DBP). Recently, individuals living in a malaria endemic region of Papua New Guinea were identified as heterozygous for a new allele conferring Duffy negativity, which results in 50% less Duffy antigen on their erythrocytes. We demonstrate that DBP adherence to erythrocytes is significantly reduced for erythrocytes from heterozygous individuals who carry one Duffy antigen negativity allele. These data provide evidence that emergence of this new allelic form of Duffy negativity is correlated with resistance against vivax malaria.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURALLY OCCURRING DIBENZOFURANS. PART 3. ON THE STRUCTURES OF THE RHODOMYRTOXINS (1983)

Abstract Die Synthese aus dem Biphenylderivat (I) bzw. dem Diol (IV) und anschließende Untersuchungen beweisen, daß es sich bei dem Abbauprodukt von Rhodomyrtoxin und w‐Rhodomyrtoxin (Metaboliten der Frucht von Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa Benth.) um die Verbindung mit der Struktur (III) handelt [RG: P1 (Cf , No.
<title>Reflectivity from multiple quantum well modulator with contrast ratio of 22:1 at 1.55 um</title> (1996)

We demonstrate the performance of InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well modulators for fiber access applications. On/off contrast ratios in reflectivity are 22:1 with a 10:1 level extending over a 26 nm bandwidth at 1.55 micrometers . The methodology to produce such devices is described within.
Heat‐shock proteins in autoimmune arthritis: A critical contribution based on the adjuvant arthritis model (1990)

Recognition of self protein epitopes, apart from those engaged in idiotypic network interactions and MHC restriction, is probably a physiological event in the normal functioning immune system. Furthermore T and B cells recognizing self antigens can be easily cloned from healthy individuals and sometimes be shown to confer autoimmune disease by passive transfer in the experimental situation. The issue is how potentially autoaggressive cells can become activated and how such activity can be contained safely. Experimentally, autoimmune disease can be evoked by immunization with autoantigens (encephalomyelitis, thyroiditis etc.) or with foreign antigens that feature antigenic relationships with self antigens (adjuvant arthritis). In both situations transfer of disease has been shown with cloned T cells of a single specificity. In addition, specific control of disease using the same cloned T cells has been achieved. Adjuvant arthritis has been illustrative in these respects. By means of specificity analysis of cloned T cells, a 65 kD heat shock protein of mycobacteria was identified as crucial in the disease. Immunization with this antigen has been found to prevent the development of disease, including forms elicited without mycobacterial involvement. Furthermore, vigorous immunological responses to HSP65 were found both in experimental animals and also in humans as a consequence of exposition to various infectious organisms. By their conserved nature HSPs have ample potential for dangerous mimicry. Recent evidence accumulated suggesting that the same HPS65 may be crucial in human chronic arthritis as well. Therefore it is hoped that extrapolation of the experimental findings to the human situation will help the development of specific means, either T cells or antigens, to control spontaneous autoimmune arthritis in man.
SFDR Improvement of a Coherent Receiver Using Feedback (2006)

A novel coherent optical receiver is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using a feedback technique capable of reducing the nonlinear distortion in a traditional receiver while retaining the signal to noise ratio. Up to 15 dB of SFDR improvement is obtained.
Screening for liver disease using non‐invasive biomarkers (FibroTest, SteatoTest and NashTest) in patients with hyperlipidaemia (2006)

A total of 2834 subjects were included: 1909 hyperlipidaemic patients and 925 blood donors (BD). Advanced fibrosis was identified by FT in 53/1909 (2.8%) hyperlipidaemic patients vs. 0/925 BD (0%) (P < 0.0001); advanced steatosis in 569/1893 hyperlipidaemic patients (30.1%) vs. 8/164 (4.9%) BD (P < 0.0001) and NASH in 132/1893 (7%) vs. 0/164 (0%), respectively (P < 0.0001). There was a highly significant and linear association between the number of metabolic syndrome factors and liver disease prevalence - the highest being for type 2 diabetics: advanced steatosis 66%, NASH 24% and advanced fibrosis 6%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of fibrosis, steatosis and NASH in hyperlipidaemic patients appears to be high (3%, 30% and 7%, respectively). Biomarkers could be useful for screening of advanced fibrosis and NASH in patients with several metabolic syndrome factors, to prevent liver mortality.
Nec-1 Protects against Nonapoptotic Cell Death in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury (2012)

Our findings suggest that the combined use of apoptosis and necroptosis inhibitors can provide additional cytoprotection in AKI. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that Nec-1 inhibits tubular kidney cell death and restores cell viability via a nonapoptotic mechanism.
The Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Channel Diffusers (1982)

Test results pertaining to the characteristics of single-stage centrifugal compressors with backswept impellers and channel-type diffusers are presented and analyzed to formulate major performance criteria influencing maximum diffusion capability. For any given stage, it was determined that stage surge (when triggered by diffuser stall), occurred near a constant mean stream velocity diffusion ratio between the impeller tip and diffuser throat. This diffusion ratio attained a maximum value of 1.8 for impeller tip Mach numbers less than unity, but was not unique for all stages, being more intimately coupled with throat blockage accumulation as a function of diffusion rate. This was identified by testing some vaned diffusers beyond the stall limit where rapid blockage accumulation precipitated an immediate decrease in channel diffuser and system static pressure recovery. The results of various experiments in the vaneless space are also described to illustrate the sensitivity of the vaneless space flow upon centrifugal compressor performance.
A Study on Sensitivity Analysis by PDF in T7F Model (2006)

The purpose of this study is to correct data on 3 intersection ranging from Kwangchun INT. to Nongsung INT. by the means of VTR recording and site survey and to measure the responsiveness of performance index by diversifying the platoon dispersion factor in signal progression simulation. The results are as follows : 1. The value of platoon dispersion factor was 0.28-0.33. The value in up stream is lower than that of in down stream even on the same intersection. 2. The platoon index showed big changes, though performance index didn't according to platoon dispersion factor. Therefore the value of platoon dispersion factor which is inner variable in T7F can be fixed for 0.34. 3. There was only little divergence in performance index changes according to platoon dispersion factor in designing the progression or T7F model.
Decoding prefix codes (2006)

Minimum-redundancy prefix codes have been a mainstay of research and commercial compression systems since their discovery by David Huffman more than 50 years ago. In this experimental evaluation we compare techniques for decoding minimum-redundancy codes, and quantify the relative benefits of recently developed restricted codes that are designed to accelerate the decoding process. We find that table-based decoding techniques offer fast operation, provided that the size of the table is kept relatively small, and that approximate coding techniques can offer higher decoding rates than Huffman codes with varying degrees of loss of compression effectiveness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression equations for the transfer functions of ANSI S3.5-1969 (1990)

Regression equations for the transfer functions displayed in Fig. 15 of ANSI Standard S3.5-1969 are reported. Predicted values are within 2.15 percentage points of the expected values for most inputs.
Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Minimal Residual Disease by Standardized <i>WT1</i> Assay to Enhance Risk Stratification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A European LeukemiaNet Study (2009)

Application of a standardized WT1 assay provides independent prognostic information in AML, lending support to incorporation of early assessment of MRD to develop more robust risk scores, to enhance risk stratification, and to identify patients who may benefit from allogeneic transplantation.
Low-dose exposure technique for 100-nm-diam hole replication in x-ray lithography (1998)

In this article, we describe a new exposure technique for printing hole patterns with diameters of 100 nm or below in x-ray lithography. By using mask patterns approximately twice the size of the required resist patterns, 100-nm-diam holes can be replicated with doses less than those required to clear a large exposed area (D0) with a 20–30 μm gap. A 540-nm-thick UVII-HS resist was used for the exposure experiment. With a proximity gap of 20 μm, a 100-nm-diam hole was replicated with a 200-nm-diam mask pattern by exposing it with 0.56 D0 dose. Both the experimental and the simulation results indicated that this technique provides a higher resolution and a larger exposure latitude compared to normal-dose exposure. In terms of mask biasing, this technique corresponds to the mask bias optimization at doses below D0.
Preventing Breast Implant Contamination in Breast Reconstruction (2016)

There is considerable heterogeneity in surgical practices aimed at preventing bacterial contamination in implant-based breast reconstruction. Surgeons may benefit from high-level studies designed to create standardized evidence-based practice guidelines.
Synthesis of <sup>3</sup>H labeled rifamycin L 105 (1983)

Abstract 3 H labeled rifamycin L 105, a potential new intestinal disinfectant, was synthesized according to the Wilzbach method with the aim of performing radiopharmacological studies.
SOCS1 is an inducible host factor during HIV-1 infection and regulates the intracellular trafficking and stability of HIV-1 Gag (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes the macromolecular machinery of the infected host cell to produce progeny virus. The discovery of cellular factors that participate in HIV-1 replication pathways has provided further insight into the molecular basis of virus-host cell interactions. Here, we report that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is an inducible host factor during HIV-1 infection and regulates the late stages of the HIV-1 replication pathway. SOCS1 can directly bind to the matrix and nucleocapsid regions of the HIV-1 p55 Gag polyprotein and enhance its stability and trafficking, resulting in the efficient production of HIV-1 particles via an IFN signaling-independent mechanism. The depletion of SOCS1 by siRNA reduces both the targeted trafficking and assembly of HIV-1 Gag, resulting in its accumulation as perinuclear solid aggregates that are eventually subjected to lysosomal degradation. These results together indicate that SOCS1 is a crucial host factor that regulates the intracellular dynamism of HIV-1 Gag and could therefore be a potential new therapeutic target for AIDS and its related disorders.