gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simulation approach to evaluating design decisions in MapReduce setups (2009)

MapReduce has emerged as a model of choice for supporting modern data-intensive applications. The model is easy-to-use and promising in reducing time-to-solution. It is also a key enabler for cloud computing, which provides transparent and flexible access to a large number of compute, storage and networking resources. Setting up and operating a large MapReduce cluster entails careful evaluation of various design choices and run-time parameters to achieve high efficiency. However, this design space has not been explored in detail. In this paper, we adopt a simulation approach to systematically understanding the performance of MapReduce setups. The resulting simulator, MRPerf, captures such aspects of these setups as node, rack and network configurations, disk parameters and performance, data layout and application I/O characteristics, among others, and uses this information to predict expected application performance. Specifically, we use MRPerf to explore the effect of several component inter-connect topologies, data locality, and software and hardware failures on overall application performance. MRPerf allows us to quantify the effect of these factors, and thus can serve as a tool for optimizing existing MapReduce setups as well as designing new ones.
The Chemiluminescent Reactions of Ozone with Olefins and Organic Sulfides (1972)

Spectra from the chemiluminescent gas phase reactions at 0.5 torr, of ozone with ethylene, tetramethylethylene, trans-2-butene, and methyl mercaptan at room temperature are presented, and a summary of the general features of the emissions obtained from reaction in the gas phase of ozone with fourteen different olefins is given. The emitting species in the ozone—olefin reactions have been tentatively identified as electronically excited aldehydes, ketones, and α-dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction of ozone with hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethylsulfide produces sulfur dioxide in its singlet excited state.
Na<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>16</sub>: A New Molybdenum Tellurite with Second‐Harmonic Generating and Pyroelectric Properties. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Progress in Study of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (2011)

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is a novel kind of polyurethane prepared by reaction of cyclo-carbonates and amines without use of toxic isocyanates. NIPU has attracted increasing attention because of its improvements in porosity, water absorption, and thermal and chemical resistance over conventional polyurethanes. Their potential technological applications include chemical-resistant coating, sealants, foam, etc. In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the currently available literature on NIPU, we summarize recent progress in NIPU, and mainly discuss the syntheses of cyclo-carbonates oligomers, the reaction mechanism, and the preparation and application of different kinds of NIPU.
The storage and retrieval system for online news based on OWL (2005)

Semantic Web is getting popular to next Web environment. Additionally, ontology language research is also activating to represent semantic relation of resource in semantic Web. Specially, ontology languages as RDF and DAML+OIL appear on starting point of researches. But ontology language limited to describing characteristics of resource and to making a clear definition of relation of resource. So W3C suggest OWL at the next standard language for describing resource. OWL supplies the lack of representation for RDF and RDF schema. In this paper, we make ontology to implement online news retrieval system using OWL and we propose the structure of storing ontology document at the RDB. The structure support characters of OWL that are equivalent relationship, heterogeneous relationship, inverse relationship, union relationship and one of relationship between classes or properties. In this paper, we implement the storage and retrieval system for online news based on OWL to test our research
Use of a minimally invasive tubular retraction system for deep-seated tumors in pediatric patients (2011)

Obtaining surgical access to deep-seated, intraaxial tumors is challenging. In this small series of pediatric patients, the combination of the ViewSite tubular retractor and frameless neuronavigation facilitated the surgical approach. The combination of these technologies adds to the armamentarium to safely approach tumors in deep locations.
Lipoxins in asthma: potential therapeutic mediators on bronchial inflammation? (2004)

Arachidonic acid metabolism represents an important source of mediators with ambivalent actions. Among these, lipoxins (LXs) are the first agents identified and recognized as anti-inflammatory endogenous lipid mediators, which are involved in the resolution of inflammation and are present in the airways of asthmatic patients. Lipoxins result mainly from the interaction between 5 and 15-lipoxygenases (LO) and their levels are modulated by the degree of bronchial inflammation as well as by the long-term glucocorticoid treatments. In the airways, LX synthesis is higher in mild asthmatics than in severe asthmatics, whereas in vitro chemokine release inhibition by LXs is more effective in cells from severe asthmatics than from mild asthmatics. LipoxinA(4) effects on interleukin (IL)-8 released by blood mononuclear cells and on calcium influx in epithelial cells are mediated by the specific receptor ALX. Lipoxin generation by lung epithelial cells depends mainly on 15-LO activity. Mild asthmatics present higher 15-LOb expression at the epithelium level than severe patients, whereas the LX deficit in severe asthma is associated with an up-regulation of the 15-LOa expressions. Therefore, bronchial epithelial cells become a target for therapeutic intervention and LXs represent a potential therapeutic solution for bronchial inflammation resolution in asthma.
Glycerol reorientation during the conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. (1991)

Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) has the unique stereoconfiguration of 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphoryl-1'-sn-[3'-acylglycerol] (Brotherus, J., Renkonen, O., Herrmann, J., and Fischer, W. (1974) Chem. Phys. Lipids 13, 178-182) which differs from other known mammalian phospholipids that have the sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl configuration. This stereochemistry may contribute to its physiologic function. Here we describe studies using the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7 designed to determined how this unique stereoconfiguration occurs. These studies show that the stereoconfiguration of BMP produced from exogenous phosphatidylglycerol (PG) by RAW 264.7 cells has the expected stereoconfiguration of 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphoryl-1'-sn-[3'-acylglycerol]. Experiments using diacyl-sn-[2-3H]glycero-3-phosphoryl-sn-1'-[2-3H]glycerol demonstrate that this unique stereoconfiguration is not produced due to an oxidation/reduction mechanism involving the sn-2-glycerol carbon. When dioleoyl-sn-[1-14C]glycero-3-phosphoryl-rac-glycerol was converted to 14C-labeled BMP, the 14C label was found esterified to the phosphate moiety. These results suggest that a stereospecific enzyme is capable of reorienting the radiolabeled glycerol backbone of this PG substrate, effectively changing the stereochemistry of the lipid. We also show that this enzyme is stereoselective with regard to the base glycerol moiety of the substrate PG used. Finally, we propose a new pathway for the synthesis of BMP from PG.
Whole-Genome Transcriptional Analysis of Heavy Metal Stresses in <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> (2005)

The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and related stalk bacterial species are known for their distinctive ability to live in low-nutrient environments, a characteristic of most heavy metal-contaminated sites. Caulobacter crescentus is a model organism for studying cell cycle regulation with well-developed genetics. We have identified the pathways responding to heavy-metal toxicity in C. crescentus to provide insights for the possible application of Caulobacter to environmental restoration. We exposed C. crescentus cells to four heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, selenium, and uranium) and analyzed genome-wide transcriptional activities postexposure using an Affymetrix GeneChip microarray. C. crescentus showed surprisingly high tolerance to uranium, a possible mechanism for which may be the formation of extracellular calcium-uranium-phosphate precipitates. The principal response to these metals was protection against oxidative stress (up-regulation of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase sodA). Glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, glutaredoxins, and DNA repair enzymes responded most strongly to cadmium and chromate. The cadmium and chromium stress response also focused on reducing the intracellular metal concentration, with multiple efflux pumps employed to remove cadmium, while a sulfate transporter was down-regulated to reduce nonspecific uptake of chromium. Membrane proteins were also up-regulated in response to most of the metals tested. A two-component signal transduction system involved in the uranium response was identified. Several differentially regulated transcripts from regions previously not known to encode proteins were identified, demonstrating the advantage of evaluating the transcriptome by using whole-genome microarrays.
Design of fully printable and configurable chipless RFID tag on flexible substrate (2011)

Abstract This article presents the design and implementation of a chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on flexible substrate.The tag is designed based on the sympathetic oscillations of multiple LC (inductor–capacitor) circuits that possess distinct resonant frequencies. Information is encoded by controlling placement of these resonant frequencies. To trade off the readability and size of the tag, the optimizations including capacitor placements and different LC combinations are studied. The tag is then realized onto flexible polyimide substrate using toner‐transferring process. The detection system is also constructed and used to measure the proposed tag. The measurement results show that the tag can provide an excellent readability more than 20 cm reading range. In addition, this tag is fully printable and configurable, hence making it more feasible and considerably cheaper to be used. This tag can provide a meaningful approach toward the realization of ultralow‐cost RFID tags attached onto low‐value items. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:226–230, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26499
Effects of Clay Type and Content, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, and Electrolyte Concentration on Clay Dispersion and Soil Hydraulic Conductivity (1978)

Abstract The hydraulic conductivities and gradients along soil columns packed with montmorillonitic, vermiculitic, and kaolinitic soils adjusted to different levels of exchangeable sodium were determined at different salt concentrations. The data show that plugging of pores by dispersed clay particles is a major cause of reduced soil hydraulic conductivity for surface soils irrigated with sodic waters.
Highly Efficient Alkylation to Ketones and Aldimines with Grignard Reagents Catalyzed by Zinc(II) Chloride (2006)

A highly efficient alkylation to ketones and aldimines with Grignard reagents in the presence of catalytic trialkylzinc(II) ate complexes derived from ZnCl2 (10 mol %) in situ was developed. This simple Zn(II)-catalyzed alkylation could minimize the well-known but serious problems with the use of only Grignard reagents, which leads to reduction and aldol side products, and the yield of desired alkylation products could be improved.
<sup>29</sup>Si NMR studies on the mechanism of dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes with hydroxylic reagents in DMF The role of DMF (2005)

Interactions of DMF with hydrosilanes were studied by 29 Si NMR. New resonance signals were observed in the 29 Si NMR spectra of HMe 2 SiOSiMe 2 H and some (alkoxy)hydrosilanes for high ratios of concentrations [DMF]/[H-silane] at 25 °C. The intensities of new signals increased several times at 60 °C. It seems that these new resonances correspond to molecular complexes of DMF with hydrosilanes. The role of DMF in the mechanism of dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes with hydroxylic reagents in the presence of Zn(II) and Cd(II) halides (X = Cl, Br, I) is discussed. Some common features of the reaction mechanism with the mechanism of hydride transfer from the SiH bond to the carbenium ion are discussed.Key words: hydrosilanes, hydroxylic reagents, reaction mechanism of dehydrocoupling in DMF, 29 Si NMR.
Monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites caused by aeromonas hydrophila in a patient with liver cirrhosis (2019)

Aeromonas peritonitis is a rare, but serious infection, as associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, peritonitis in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and intestinal perforation. Here, we reported a case of monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The patient, a 57-year-old man who had a history of alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C-related Child- Pugh class C liver cirrhosis, was admitted to our hospital with fever, dyspnea and a localized wound pain over left ankle. Ascitic fluid analysis demonstrated that ascitic polymorphonuclear cell count was 30 cells/ mm<sup>3</sup>. Empirical antimicrobial treatment with a combination of ceftriaxone and clindamycin were administered. However, the patient died due to fatal septic shock on Day 3. His blood and ascites cultures were positive for A. hydrophila. The case report presents the diagnosis, management, and literature review of Aeromonas monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites.
Changes in Calcium Homeostasis during Aging and Alzheimer's Disease<sup>a</sup> (1989)

Several observations indirectly suggest that intracellular calcium regulation may be altered by aging and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, calcium homeostasis was examined directly in skin fibroblasts from Alzheimer's patients and compared to cells from normal young and elderly controls. Alterations in both bound and free calcium were noted; cells from Alzheimer's donors have higher levels of bound calcium but lower concentrations of free intracellular calcium when compared to cells from young and normal aged donors. These changes in calcium homeostasis may be physiologically significant, since processes that require transient elevations of intracellular free calcium, such as cell spreading, decline in the Alzheimer's cells. In summary, cultured skin fibroblasts from normal aged and Alzheimer's patients demonstrate deficits in calcium homeostasis and other metabolic processes when compared to cells from young donors.
Peptide Arrays for Enzyme Profiling (2009)

Enzymes are key molecules in signal transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 predicted human kinases, 250 proteases and 250 phosphatases is characterized so far. Peptide microarray-based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. Additionally, patterns of enzymatic activities could be used to fingerprint the status of cells or organisms. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimization of enzyme substrates. A comprehensive overview regarding enzyme profiling using peptide microarrays is presented with special focus on assay principles.
Visual Warning System for Workers’ Safety on Roadside Work Zones (2016)

Growing traffic on US roadways and the use of heavy machinery on road construction sites pose a critical safety threat to construction workers. This paper summarizes the design and development of a workers’ safety system using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) to specifically address the safety of workers in an active work zone around heavy machinery. The proposed system has dual objectives. The first objective is to improve worker safety by providing visual guidance to the operators of the construction vehicles. This visual guidance keeps the operators of the heavy machinery well informed about the whereabouts of workers in close proximity while the vehicle is in operation. The second objective of the proposed system is to improve the work zone traffic mobility by dynamically posting suitable speed limits and other warning messages on the DSRC equipped Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMSs). The PCMSs detect the workers’ presence in an active work zone and appropriately warn the drivers of passing vehicles. A prototype was developed and field tests were conducted to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The evaluation test results show that the system can successfully identify the presence of workers around a construction vehicle on an Android tablet with acceptable distance (1.5 – 2 m) and direction (15 – 20 degrees) accuracies. Furthermore, the test results show that a DSRC equipped PCMS can successfully post a suitable speed limit corresponding to the presence of workers in its vicinity.
Influence of solvent on the stability of silver(<scp>I</scp>)–olefin complexes (1977)

The stability constants of complexes of silver(I) with allyl alcohol, prop-2-en-1-ol, trans-but-2-en-1-ol, but-3-en-1-ol, pent-4-en-1-ol, and hex-5-en-1-ol have been determined in a number of solvents. The corresponding enthalpy and entropy changes have been evaluated. The stability constants depend on the solvent in the order propylene carbonate > water > methanol > ethanol [graphic omitted] acetonitrile, which is ascribed to competition between the unsaturated alcohol and the solvent. But-3-en-1-ol shows unexpectedly high stability constants in methanol, ethanol, and propylene carbonate which are ascribed, on the basis of entropy data, to chelate-ring formation; no chelation is obseved in water.
Wide Residual BLSTM Network with Discriminative Speaker Adaptation for Robust Speech Recognition (2016)

We present a system for the 4th CHiME challenge which significantly increases the performance for all three tracks with respect to the provided baseline system. The front-end uses a bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM)-based neural network to estimate signal statistics. These then steer a Generalized Eigenvalue beamformer. The back-end consists of a 22 layer deep Wide Residual Network and two extra BLSTM layers. Working on a whole utterance instead of frames allows us to refine Batch-Normalization. We also train our own BLSTM-based language model. Adding a discriminative speaker adaptation leads to further gains. The final system achieves a word error rate on the six channel real test data of 3.48%. For the two channel track we achieve 5.96% and for the one channel track 9.34%. This is the best reported performance on the challenge achieved by a single system, i.e., a configuration, which does not combine multiple systems. At the same time, our system is independent of the microphone configuration. We can thus use the same components for all three tracks.
Scan-based transition fault testing - implementation and low cost test challenges (2003)

The semiconductor industry as a whole is growing increasingly concerned about the possible presence of delay-inducing defects. There exist structured test generation and application techniques which can detect them, but there are many practical issues associated with their use. These problems are particularly acute when using low cost test equipment. In this paper, we describe an overall approach for implementing scan-based delay testing with emphasis on low-cost test.
Maize <i>rhm1</i> Resistance to <i>Bipolaris maydis</i> Is Associated with Few Differences in Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Global mRNA Profiles (2001)

The maize rhm1 mutant resists Bipolaris maydis, the causal agent of Southern corn leaf blight, by producing small necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorotic haloes. The rhm1 and wild-type lesions contain viable fungus in equal frequency, but fungal sporulation was markedly inhibited on rhm1. The levels of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins chitinase, PR1, and peroxidase differ little between rhm1 and wild type, with or without B. maydis inoculation. The global mRNA profiles surveyed revealed hundreds of cDNA fragments that were twofold or more induced or suppressed in rhm1 and wild-type plants following B. maydis inoculation. Nonetheless, between rhm1 and wild type, only 0.4 to 0.7% of the cDNA fragments were expressed differentially by twofold or more. Among the up-regulated genes in rhm1 was beta-glucosidase glu1, which prompted a test of whether rhm1 resistance depends upon the antimicrobial compound 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one or other hydroxamic acids whose glucosyl conjugates are preferred substrates for the Glu1 enzyme. Double mutants of rhm1 and bx1, a hydroxamic acid-deficient mutant, indicate that rhm1 resistance is hydroxamic acid independent. The rhm1 resistance presently appears to operate via a mechanism unlike those of previously described resistance genes.
Hydrophosphination of formaldehyde catalysed by tris-(hydroxymethyl)phosphine complexes of platinum, palladium or nickel (1993)

The addition of PH3 to formaldehyde to give P(CH2OH)3 is catalysed by a range of platinum-(IV), -(II) and -(0) compounds including Na2[PtCl6], K2[PtCl4], [PtCl2{P(CH2OH)3}2]2 and [Pt{P(CH2OH)3}4]·H2O 3. A large ratio of P(CH2OH)3 to Pt is present under the conditions in which the catalysis is operated and the hypothesis that a common platinum–P(CH2OH)3 complex is present under these conditions has been tested. It is shown that Na2[PtCl6] is reduced by 3 equivalents of P(CH2OH)3 to give [PtCl2{P(CH2OH)3}2]2, the same species that is formed upon addition of 2 equivalents of P(CH2OH)3 to K2[PtCl4]. Addition of 1 equivalent of P(CH2OH)3 to 2 gives [PtCl{P(CH2OH)3}]3Cl 4a while addition of 2 equivalents of P(CH2OH)3 to 2 gives an unstable species, tentatively assigned the five-co-ordinate structure [PtCl{P(CH2OH)3}4]Cl 5a. In the presence of further P(CH2OH)3, 5a decomposes smoothly to give a mixture of [PtH{P(CH2OH)3}4]Cl 3b, [P(CH2OH)4]Cl and the unusual bis(chelate) salts trans- and cis-[Pt{(HOCH2)2PCH2OP(CH2OH)2}2]Cl26a and 6b. A mechanism rationalising this reaction is presented. The pH of the reaction medium during the catalysis is ca. 9–10 and it is therefore concluded that [Pt{P(CH2OH)3}4]3a is the main platinum-containing species present during all the platinum catalysed reactions. It is shown that [Ni{P(CH2OH)3}4]18 and [Pd{P(CH2OH)3}4]19 are also catalysts for the hydrophosphination of formaldehyde and a general mechanism is suggested.
Evaluating biomechanical properties of murine embryos using Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography (2017)

Embryogenesis is regulated by numerous changes in mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment. Thus, studying embryonic mechanophysiology can provide a more thorough perspective of embryonic development, potentially improving early detection of congenital abnormalities as well as evaluating and developing therapeutic interventions. A number of methods and techniques have been used to study cellular biomechanical properties during embryogenesis. While some of these techniques are invasive or involve the use of external agents, others are compromised in terms of spatial and temporal resolutions. We propose the use of Brillouin microscopy in combination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure stiffness as well as structural changes in a developing embryo. While Brillouin microscopy assesses the changes in stiffness among different organs of the embryo, OCT provides the necessary structural guidance.