gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
People counting using detection networks and self calibrating cameras on edge computing (2019)

The deep learning research is more and more focused on the development of specific application that are both effective and efficient, together with the software progress also the hardware research is starting to aim at building embedded devices able to run deep neural networks without using big servers. In this perspective this thesis, developed in Addfor, is aimed at building a software for people counting on an embedded device. The motivation for this choice is to obtain an autonomous and versatile software avoiding all the privacy issues. Regarding the hardware choice, two main edge devices has been considered, the Google Coral dev board and the NVIDIA Jetson nano, they are compared in terms of inference speed and flexibility using a lot of different neural networks. The results suggested the choice of the Jetson nano that is more powerful when it comes to perform inference with complex networks. In order to deploy neural networks on this device they also have to be optimized, so a specific optimization procedure has been carried out using the TensorRT library. The core of the project is the definition of a model that is able to detect and count a great number of people from a single high resolution image. The model is based on a convolutional neural network built to perform object detection, this means that the network is able to detect and localize multiple instances of specific objects in an image. Than it has been trained using a case-specific private dataset, provided by Addfor, consisting in indoor images of classrooms with an high average number of people. One of the main issues that has to be faced regards the number of people, it is way higher than the number of instances that a neural network is usually trained to detect, for this reason has been developed an algorithm than partitions the original images and reconstructs the final result merging the detection of partitioned images and eliminating the duplicates. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the project three computer vision problem are addressed: The computation of the vanishing point, that provides useful information on the room geometry enabling the use of contraints on the dimensions of the detected people. The computation of the optical flow, that is a technique used to find the zones where there is movement, in this way the useless part of the image are eliminated. The matching of multiple cameras, it is useful in case of rooms that needs the use of more than one camera, it aims at eliminating the part of the image that are seen from the other camera to improve the efficiency and avoid duplicates. The resulting software is able to detect people with a good accuracy of over 80% and considering only the people number it reaches an accuracy of more than 95%, the software is also able to perform an inference in less than 15 seconds and this value is lowered up to 10 seconds using the information provided by the optical flow and the matching.
Algebraic Relaxations and Hardness Results in Polynomial Optimization and Lyapunov Analysis (2012)

This thesis settles a number of questions related to computational complexity and algebraic, semidefinite programming based relaxations in optimization and control.
Degeneracy and Criticality from Emergent Frustration in Artificial Spin Ice (2013)

Although initially introduced to mimic the spin-ice pyrochlores, no artificial spin ice has yet exhibited the expected degenerate ice phase with critical correlations similar to the celebrated Coulomb phase in the pyrochlore lattice. Here we study a novel artificial spin ice based on a vertex-frustrated rather than pairwise frustrated geometry and show that it exhibits a quasicritical ice phase of extensive residual entropy and, significantly, algebraic correlations. Interesting in its own regard as a novel realization of frustration in a vertex system, our lattice opens new pathways to study defects in a critical manifold and to design degeneracy in artificial magnetic nanoarrays, a task so far elusive.
Hybrid Integrated Silicon Nitride–Polymer Optical Phased Array For Efficient Light Detection and Ranging (2021)

Silicon nitride (SiN) optical phased arrays (OPAs) have emerged as a potential alternative to their silicon counterparts, owing to their low nonlinearity, easy scalability, and low propagation loss. However, the development of SiN OPAs for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications has attracted less attention due to the low thermo-optic (TO) effect of SiN. Moreover, SiN OPAs are considered to be undesirable for transmitters in LiDAR systems because of the limited longitudinal tuning efficiency of SiN grating antenna. We present a hybrid integrated SiN-polymer OPA for realizing an efficient LiDAR. Owing to the large TO effect of polymer, the proposed OPA with polymeric phase modulators resolves the power dissipation drawback of the SiN devices. The polymeric modulators are integrated with a SiN power splitter and grating antenna, and the coupling loss is alleviated via a spot-size converter. Additionally, a steering angle magnifying lens is used to enhance the tuning efficiency of the antenna, expanding the longitudinal beam steering range. The prepared OPA transmitter equipped with the lens exhibits decent two-dimensional beam steering, featuring stable emission characteristics over a 12° × 30° field of view. With the transmitter, efficient time-of-flight based LiDAR is demonstrated to provide a detection range of 10 m under a peak optical power of 55 dBm. The proposed SiN-polymer OPA is highly anticipated to circumvent the challenges of conventional SiN counterparts and potentially spearhead the development of a prominent OPA platform for advanced LiDAR schemes.
Strong collision model for light-induced drift of multi-level atoms (1989)

The authors calculate the light-induced drift velocity of multi-level atoms in the strong collision approximation. The solution is presented in a general form which can be easily applied to various systems. Specific calculations of drift velocities are presented for the system Rb:Ar for the cases of single- and multi-frequency laser excitations. A calculation is also presented for the case of a white light excitation spectrum with a spectral dip, which could be caused by absorption of light by another substance in the vapour, for instance in stellar atmospheres.
Eurynomoe orientalis, a majid spider crab (Crustacea, Brachyura) new to Australia, and notes on E. granulosa (1970)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Notes on the Geographical Distribution and Host Preferences in the Order Siphonaptera. Part 8. New Taxa Described Between 1984 and 1990, with a Current Classification of the Order (1993)

An inventory of all new taxa erected in the order Siphonaptera between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 1990 is presented. This includes one subfamily, five tribes, one genus, five subgenera, and 158 species and subspecies. Taxon accounts include the names of authors and publication sources, as well as collection data. Where known, the depository of the primary type is also included. An extensive bibliography is given as well as an updated supraspecific classification for the entire order based on studies published during the last decade.
Synthesis of new organophosphorus‐substituted derivatives of functionalized propionates and their analogues (2008)

Abstract Nucleophilic or radical addition of trimethylsilyl esters of trivalent organophosphorus acids to various functionalized acrylates and their cyclic analogues is proposed as convenient methods for the synthesis of new 2‐trimethylsiloxycarbonyl‐substituted alkylphosphonites and their derivatives under mild conditions. Also the new functionalized derivatives of these phosphonites, including amino, amido, and amino acids fragments as well as certain properties of these compounds, are presented as important precursors of new organophosphorus‐substituted derivatives of functionalized propionates and their analogues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:418–428, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20446
Immune and Receptor Assays in Theory and Practice (1999)

INTRODUCTION RECEPTORS AT WORK RECEPTORS AND ANTIBODIES Origin and Relatedness Structure, Biosynthesis, and Interactions Biological, Biosynthetic, and Synthetic Alternatives RECEPTOR AND ANTIBODY PRODUCTION Cell Culture and Receptor Production Antigens, Haptens, and Immunogenicity Production of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Extraction, Purification, and Stabilization of Receptors and Antibodies MOLECULAR BASIS OF LIGAND-RECEPTOR INTERACTION The Molecular Recognition Process Kinetics of Ligand-Receptor Interactions Physical aspects of Ligand-Receptor Interactions Factors Influencing Ligand-Receptor Interactions IMMUNO- AND RECEPTOR-ASSAY DESIGN Competitive Versus Noncompetitive Assay Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous - Liquid Versus Solid Phase Assay Agglutination and Precipitation Assays Assays Using Labeled Reagents Market or Technology Driven Assay Design ANALYTICAL SIGNAL: GENERATION AND DETECTION Labels and Their Measurement Techniques of Labeling Tracer Purification and Stabilization Biosensors Instrumentation THE SAMPLE Insoluble Versus Soluble Analyte Matrix Effects Standardization ASSAY VALIDATION The Reference Method Specificity and Sensitivity Interferences DATA ANALYSIS, PROCESSING, AND, PRESENTATION The Dose-Response Curve Binding Data Reagent Stability Follow-Up Assay Validation
Optimized Diffusion‐Weighting Gradient Waveform Design (ODGD) formulation for motion compensation and concomitant gradient nulling (2018)

ODGD waveforms enable motion-robust diffusion MRI with reduced TEs, increased SNR, and reduced ADC bias compared to state-of-the-art waveforms in theoretical results, simulations, phantoms and in-vivo experiments.
Immunological determinants of nerve growth factor involved in p140<sup>trk</sup> (Trk) receptor binding (1994)

Monoclonal anti-NGF antibodies that specifically inhibit the biological activity of mouse beta-NGF were used to study the structural determinants involved in the interaction of NGF with its receptors gp75LNGFR and Trk. None of the three antibodies--N60, M15, and 27/21--showed any reactivity toward denatured NGF. Three experimental methods--radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and slot blots--detected no significant cross reactivity between the antibodies and BDNF or NT-3. RIA showed that M15 and N60 recognize the same or an overlapping antigenic site, but 27/21 recognizes a different epitope. Only 27/21, and not N60 or M15, immunoprecipitated beta-NGF crosslinked to LNGFR receptor. Thus, the epitope recognized by 27/21 does not overlap the LNGFR receptor binding site. N60, M15, and 27/21 all block binding of NGF to Trk in a manner consistent with competitive inhibition. Purified Fab fragments of N60 and M15 gave similar results to the intact antibodies. The other subunits present in the 7S complex of NGF, i.e. the alpha and gamma subunits, competitively inhibited binding of antibodies to beta-NGF. Only the gamma subunit inhibited phosphorylation of Trk and biological activity of beta-NGF. These findings suggest that the M15, N60, and 27/21 antibodies bind to a specific site on the surface of NGF where they competitively inhibit binding to the Trk NGF receptor. The region encompassing the N-terminus, the C-terminus, and the loop on the surface of beta-NGF containing residues 60-80 is proposed as important for binding to the Trk receptor.
An implementation of convolutional neural network on PCO classification based on ultrasound image (2017)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal endocrine disorder that infect many women in their reproductive cycle. It is a concern in a married couple because it is related fertility rate of women. One of the criteria for diagnosing PCOS are polycystic ovaries (PCO). Polycystic ovaries can be seen from the number and diameter of each follicle on ultrasound image. In previous studies, there are existing PCO classifications done automatically by the system using several methods. However, on those studies its feature extraction of the ultrasound image is still done manually. In this research, we propose a solution where the feature extraction is also done automatically using Convolutional Neural Network. CNN provide the best test performance with micro-average f1-score of 100% and an average of 76.36% on a 5-fold cross-validation.
A proposed new therapy of tumors deficient in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) (2008)

1531 The MTAP gene lies on 9p21 and is often homozygously deleted, along with p16, in tumors -- especially lung and pancreatic cancer, glioma, mesothelioma, and sarcoma (frequency of deletion is 30-75%). We describe a new, selective therapy of such tumors. MTAP cleaves methylthioadenosine (MTA), a by-product of polyamine synthesis, to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate, which are then converted to adenine nucleotides and methionine. Tumors deficient in MTAP may therefore be sensitive to starvation for purine nucleotides or methionine; thus prior proposals had been to treat such tumors with inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis or by depletion of serum methionine. In our novel therapy, MTA and a toxic adenine analog -- e.g., 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), 6-methylpurine (MeP), or 2-fluoroadenine -- are co-administered. The abundant adenine generated in normal (MTAP-positive) cells, from the supplied MTA, competitively blocks the adenine analog from conversion, by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), to its toxic mononucleotide. In MTAP-negative tumor cells, no adenine is produced; hence conversion of the analog to its mononucleotide is not blocked. As determined by clonogenic assay, this combination therapy (MTA plus adenine analog) rapidly kills MTAP-negative tumor cell lines (human lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, and leukemias) while MTAP-positive cells (either cell lines or human fibroblasts) proliferate robustly. Selectivity of this method has also been shown with MTAP-negative cells (breast or lung cancer) growing in co-culture with human fibroblasts; there is no sign of metabolic cooperation confounding the treatment. In mice, we have demonstrated that MTA can fully protect from even lethal doses of DAP or MeP. Adding an inhibitor of de novo purine synthesis (methotrexate or L-alanosine) produces synergistic killing of MTAP-negative cells; selectivity is maintained, since the supplied MTA blocks the toxicity of these two drugs, as well, by providing purines to MTAP-positive but not MTAP-negative cells. We have also shown that 5-fluorouracil (FU) and 6-thioguanine (TG) may be used with our method. Though neither FU nor TG is activated by APRT, the adenine produced from supplied MTA in MTAP-positive cells blocks conversion of these drugs to their toxic mononucleotides by competing for their common phosphoribose-donor, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. Use of MTA in combination with FU or TG, in the therapy of MTAP-negative tumors, may allow higher clinical doses of these drugs, thus improving therapeutic efficacy. Our method also works well with the toxic methionine analog, ethionine. The reason for selectivity is similar: the metabolic routes of methionine analogs are blocked in MTAP-positive, but not MTAP-negative cells, by the methionine derived from MTAP acting on the supplied MTA. This new selective therapy will now be studied in nude mice bearing MTAP-deficient human tumors.
Automated Usability Measurement of Arbitrary Desktop Application with Eyetracking (2012)

Nowadays in software development process more attention is paid to the final usability of the product. To achieve such usability we use various methods from user centered design up to the usability evaluation methods, requiring much attention from usability experts. The presense of these experts are needed both during capturing and analysing usability data, which eventually costs too much. We propose a tool for automated data capturing during user tests as well as a captured data analysis in order to evaluate the recorded interaction and guide the attention of software developers. Furthermore we provide a simple statistics of user tests as well as a means to browse recorded data with the interaction context extended with eye tracking data.
Studies of the ductile mode of cutting brittle materials (A review) (2013)

Theoretical and experimental studies of the ductile mode of cutting brittle materials (semiconductors, ceramics, and glass) have been considered. The ductile mode of cutting has been based on the implementation of high-pressure-induced phase transformations in a material machined that followed by a cutting of a transformed amorphous layer, which makes it possible to avoid cracking. Publications on studies of phase transitions in brittle materials in the course of the indentation, scratching, friction, and cutting have been reviewed. It has been shown that the cutting depth, cutting edge radius of a tool, chip thickness, tool cutting edge inclination, and crystallographic orientation of a material machined and diamond tool as well as a type of lubricoolant are the decisive factors in implementing the ductile mode of cutting
The amorphous FPGA architecture (2008)

This paper describes the Amorphous FPGA, an innovative architecture attempting to optimally allocate logic and routing resource on per-mapping basis. Designed for high performance, routability, and ease-of-use, it supports variable-granularity logic blocks, dedicated wide multiplexers, and variable-length bypassing interconnects with a symmetrical structure. Due to its many unconventional architectural features, the amorphous FPGA requires several major modifications to be made in the standard VPR placement/routing CAD flow, which include a new placement algorithm and a modified delay-based routing procedure. It is shown that, on average, an FPGA with the amorphous architecture can achieve a 1.35 times improvement in logic density, 9% improvement in average net delay, and 4% improvement in the critical-path delay for the largest 20 MCNC benchmark circuits over an island-style baseline
Monitoring of optical signals from constellation diagrams measured with linear optical sampling (2006)

Linear optical sampling detects samples of the electric field of an optical waveform using its interference with a train of sampling pulses. This unique ability allows statistical electric-field characterization, for example, the measurement of a constellation diagram in the complex plane. From such information, one can directly track impairments that affect the phase and, more generally, the electric field of a data-encoded telecommunication channel. Constellation diagrams of 10-Gb/s phase-shift-keyed (PSK) signals are measured using a waveguide implementation of linear optical sampling. The intensity and phase fluctuations of these signals are quantified in various situations typically met in optical networks. The properties of various data-modulation schemes for phase-shift keying are investigated, and the noise induced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) on the electric field is directly quantified. Finally, a direct measurement of the Gordon-Mollenauer nonlinear phase noise is performed.
Automation in Analytical Chemistry Gains Wide Acceptance (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomation in Analytical Chemistry Gains Wide AcceptanceRALPH H. MÜLLERCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 13, 101A–103APublication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online22 May 2012Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50155a805https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50155a805research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
No<sub>x</sub> emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant (1997)

The increase, in recent years, in the size and efficiency of gas turbines burning natural gas in combined cycle has occurred against a background of tightening environmental legislation on the emission of nitrogen oxides. The higher turbine entry temperatures required for efficiency improvement tend to increase NO x production. First-generation emission control systems involved water injection and catalytic reduction and were relatively expensive to operate. Dry low-NO x combustion systems have therefore been developed but demand more primary air for combustion. This gives added incentive to the reduction of air requirements for cooling the combustor and turbine blading. This paper reviews the various approaches adopted by the main gas turbine manufacturers which are achieving very low levels of NO x emission from natural gas combustion. Further developments, however, are necessary for liquid fuels.
Side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (2000)

Electroconvulsive therapy is extremely effective and is the fastest acting antidepressant treatment now available, although not necessarily limited to use with depression. Despite years of experience with this technique and its unparalleled successes, patients continue to be affected by mostly transient, but sometimes impairing side effects from memory problems and cardiovascular changes associated with ECT treatments. Nausea, headache, muscle aches, and other side effects that have been referenced in the literature and clinical experience will also be discussed in this review. Helpful literature with recommendations on minimizing the risks of these side effects and improving the tolerability of the electroconvulsive treatments will also be presented.
Clearing a Pile of Unknown Objects using Interactive Perception (2012)

We address the problem of clearing a pile of unknown objects using an autonomous interactive perception approach.Our robot hypothesizes the boundaries of objects in a pile of unknown objects (object segmentation) and verifies its hypotheses (object detection) using deliberate interactions.To guarantee the safety of the robot and the environment, we use compliant motion primitives for poking and grasping.Every verified segmentation hypothesis can be used to parameterize a compliant controller for manipulation or grasping.The robot alternates between poking actions to verify its segmentation and grasping actions to remove objects from the pile.We demonstrate our method with a robotic manipulator.We evaluate our approach with real-world experiments of clearing cluttered scenes composed of unknown objects.