gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cells Remodel the Brain following Traumatic Injury in Adult Mice (2004)

Neural stem cells have recently been shown to contribute to the cellular remodeling that occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Potential sources for these stem cells from within the brain include the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Using intraventricular injections of the fluorescent vital dye DiO in mice, we demonstrate that the subventricular zone population of stem cells can be reliably labeled and followed over time. By following these injections with a contralateral controlled cortical injury we demonstrate that cells from the subventricular zone migrate to the most proximally injured cortical areas. Using doublelabeling immunohistochemistry with anti-nestin, anti-GFAP, and anti-NeuN antibodies we demonstrate that labeled cells from the subventricular zone contribute primarily to the astroglial scar following injury. We do not observe any contribution to deeper areas of injury including the hippocampus. These data demonstrate that the subventricular zone contributes to brain remodeling following TBI, though neural stem cell sources outside the subventricular zone appear to play reparative roles as well.
Modeling the Statistical Idiosyncrasy of Multiword Expressions (2015)

The focus of this work is statistical idiosyncrasy (or collocational weight) as a discriminant property of multiword expressions. We formalize and model this property, compile a 2-class data set of MWE and non-MWE examples, and evaluate our models on this data set. We present a possible empirical implementation of collocational weight and study its effects on identification and extraction of MWEs. Our models prove to be more effective than baselines in identifying noun-noun MWEs.
An Object-oriented approach to managing model complexity (2011)

System dynamics is a methodology for improving the understanding and management of complex systems. Often these complex systems are large, and require a simulation model with a significant level of detail to represent them adequately. For large models like these, applying techniques and concepts from objectoriented software development can help manage incidental complexity – the complexity that arises from the implementation of the model, rather than from the system itself. This thesis introduces object-oriented concepts and techniques, like polymorphism, encapsulation, inheritance and interfaces and applies them to traditional stock and flow modeling. Finally a national model is developed with these object-oriented modeling techniques to explore how they influence the modeling process.
Highly Conductive Carbon‐Nanotube/Graphite‐Oxide Hybrid Films (2008)

Conductive hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT( films are prepared by a new and simple method. Thee graphite oxide nanoplatelet/carbon-nanotube hybrid films exhibit an extremely low square resistance. The SEM image shows the surface morphology, and reveals that one-dimensional carbon nanotubes form a conductive percolated network by covering the two-dimensional graphite oxide nanoplatelets.
Comparison of context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coders in video compression (2003)

A comparison of two context-modeling methods, CABAC and GRASP, is presented with regard to applications in video compression. Both context-based entropy coding methods are tested for various probability estimation techniques, for different sources, and for different quantization parameters by using the test model of the H.264/AVC video coding standard. Our experimental results show that GRASP provides a significant gain over CABAC, especially for intra frames coded at medium to high bit-rates.
First anodic-oxide GaAs m.o.s.f.e.t.s based on easy technological processes (1976)

It is shown that a new technology results in the first native-oxide m.o.s.f.e.t.s. Their electrical behaviour is described.
Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, in a tertiary referral centre in Kenya (2005)

The clinical features of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), in patients with and without HIV infection, were investigated in a tertiary referral centre in Kenya between 1997 and 1999. Although 186 cases were identified prospectively, the data analysis was restricted to the 91 (49%) cases who had pathological confirmation of Kaposi's sarcoma and documented HIV serostatus. Among these 91 subjects (58% of whom were male), the age-group holding the largest number of KS cases was that of individuals aged 31-40 years; most of the paediatric cases were aged 6-10 years. The ratio of HIV-seropositives to HIV-seronegatives was 8.5:1 for the adult cases and 0.9:1 for the paediatric. Of the signs and symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma seen at presentation, only peripheral lympadenopathy was found to be significantly associated with underlying HIV infection (P = 0.05). The median survival was 104 days. It is apparent that, as the HIV epidemic advances in regions of the world with endemic KS, the clinical presentation and natural history of the endemic KS are blending with those of the epidemic or AIDS-associated disease, leading to a reduction in the mean age of the cases and a nearly identical incidence in men and women. In regions of the world where patients have ready access to such chemotherapy, the impact of treatment with highly active antiretroviral drugs on the incidence and natural history of KS has been dramatic. It will be important to monitor the clinico-pathological features of KS in the developing world, as more active antiretroviral regimens become available in clinical practice there.
Innate Immune Induction of the Adaptive Immune Response (1999)

Ten years ago, nearly to the day, one of us (C.A.J.) wasasked by Jim Watson and John Inglis to write the introductory essay to the 54th annual Cold Spring HarborSymposium in Quantitative Biology. He agreed, with theproviso that he could write about anything he wanted to.That is how he came to write a paper called "Approaching the Asymptote: Revolution and Evolution in Immunology (Janeway 1989). It was the best lecture henever gave! In it, he predicted that there would bemolecules that were encoded in the germ line whichwould recognize the presence of molecules produced bybroad classes of pathogens, which he termed patternrecognition receptors (PRRs). He postulated that thesePRRs would recognize what are now called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and that the binding of the pathogen product to these PRRs would induceexpression of molecules that control the decision by naivelymphocytes to respond to antigen. These molecules arecalled costimulators and their induction is essential forinitiating an adaptive immune response. Expression ofthese molecules was proposed to be regulated by innateimmunity. This paper updates the original hypothesisproposed at the time of the 54th Cold Spring Harbormeeting with the progress made during the past 10 yearsin this area...
<i>X</i>Charts with Variable Sample Size (1994)

AbstractThe usual practice in using a control chart to monitor a process is to take samples of size n from the process every h hours. This article considers the properties of the X̄ chart when the size of each sample depends on what is observed in the preceding sample. The idea is that the sample should be large if the sample point of the preceding sample is close to but not actually outside the control limits and small if the sample point is close to the target. The properties of the variable sample size (VSS) X̄ chart are obtained using Markov chains. The VSS X̄ chart is substantially quicker than the traditional X̄ chart in detecting moderate shifts in the process.KeywordsDouble Sampling X̄ ChartShewhart Control ChartVariable Sampling Interval X̄ ChartVariable Sample Size X̄ Chart Additional informationNotes on contributorsAntonio F. B. CostaDr. Costa is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Production.
Inhibiting Action of Carbohydrates on the Growth of Fluorapatite Crystals (1999)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and fluorapatite (FAp) were synthesized in the presence of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, galactose and sucrose). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity of two FAp groups that were synthesized in the presence of glucose or sucrose decreased with the increase in carbohydrate content. In SEM photographs we found that the size of their crystals was small and the shape changed. However, FAp groups that were snythesized in the presence of fructose or galactose showed little change in their crystallinity and shape. Four carbohydrates had some influence on size, but not on shape or crystallinity when synthesizing HAp. These results suggest that glucose and/or sucrose has a chemical affinity to FAp and inhibits the growth of FAp crystals.
An Energy-Efficient CMOS Biophotometry Sensor With Incremental DT-∑Δ ADC Conversion (2018)

This paper presents a high-sensitivity incremental discrete time <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Σ</b> Δ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with variable clock and on-chip decimation for biophotometry sensing. A digital correlated double sampling (CDS) scheme is merged with the decimation filter for providing energy- and area-efficient mean to suppress low-frequency noise. Chopper modulation and differential sensing using a dummy photodiode along with charge transfer switches are used as well to allow for the detection of ultra low-input low fluorescence light, down to a few femttowatt, by suppressing the low-frequency noise of the <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Σ</b> Δ modulator and the dark current of the photodetector. A variable clock scheme is used across the sensor operating phases (namely the reset conversion phase and the signal conversion phase) to decrease the biosensor conversion time. To decrease illumination time and save the excitation light source energy, the biosensor uses a short sensing duty cycle of 1.2 ms (12%) for a sampling period of 10 ms. The proposed optoelectronic biosensor is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, consuming 56 μW from a 3.3/1.8-V supply voltage, while achieving a high signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 101 dB and a minimum detectable current of <; 100-fArms, within conversion time of 1.2 ms. The proposed biosensor presents a FOM of 0.73 pJ/conv., which is among the best reported performances compared to previous solutions.
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of<i>Phyllosticta</i>spp. (2013)

Four strains of Phyllosticta were selected to study their antimicrobial activities. The tested strains were identified as Phyllosticta capitalensis, P. citriasiana, and P. cordylinophila based on the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and morphologies. Initially, the fungal strains were cultured on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cultivated at 27°C for 3 weeks. After incubation, the fungal metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extracts were then concentrated using evaporation and subsequently used in antimicrobial activity assay. Our results showed that these fungal crude extracts could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but were not active against Aspergillus niger.
IoT-Based Prognostics and Systems Health Management for Industrial Applications (2016)

Prognostics and systems health management (PHM) is an enabling discipline that uses sensors to assess the health of systems, diagnoses anomalous behavior, and predicts the remaining useful performance over the life of the asset. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables PHM to be applied to all types of assets across all sectors, thereby creating a paradigm shift that is opening up significant new business opportunities. This paper introduces the concepts of PHM and discusses the opportunities provided by the IoT. Developments are illustrated with examples of innovations from manufacturing, consumer products, and infrastructure. From this review, a number of challenges that result from the rapid adoption of IoT-based PHM are identified. These include appropriate analytics, security, IoT platforms, sensor energy harvesting, IoT business models, and licensing approaches.
Untersuchungen über Polyfructosane LIII. Über das Kritesin und Hordeacin der Gerste (1958)

Abstract Das von H. H. Schlubach und E. Rathje 2) aus Gerstenähren gewonnene, dem Inulintyp zugehörige Kritesin konnte auch aus Gerstenhalmen isoliert werden. Aus den Mutterlaugen wurde ein weniger hochmolekulares Polyfructosan (Hordeacin) herausgearbeitet, das dem Phleintyp angehört. Es wurden also in dem gleichen Organ Polyfructosane beider Typen angetroffen. Die frühere Annahme, daß in den Ähren der Getreidearten Polyfructosane des Inulintyps, in den Halmen solche des Phleintyps gebildet werden, muß daher verlassen werden. Für das von W. N. Haworth und Mitarbeitern 4) beschriebene Gerstenpolyfructosan wird wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß ein Gemisch der beiden Verbindungen vorgelegen hat.
Development of Temporal Subtraction Method for Chest Radiographs by Using Pixel Matching Technique (2013)

A temporal subtraction image, which is obtained by subtraction of a previous image from a current one, can enhance interval changes on a chest radiograph by removal of most normal structures. However, subtraction artifacts, which tend to reduce its effectiveness in the detection of interval changes, were still included in the conventional method. In this study, we have developed a pixel matching technique to reduce artifacts in the temporal subtraction images. With this technique, the pixel value in a nonlinearly warped previous image is replaced by a pixel value within a kernel, which is closest to the pixel value on a current image. For evaluation of the proposed method, one hundred temporal subtraction images with a simulated nodule were used. When the kernel size of 3×3 was employed in the pixel matching technique, the misregistration artifacts decreased by 72%, and the contrast-to-noise ratio of the simulated lung nodules was increased by 5% in comparison with the conventional method. However, the area of the simulated nodule on the subtraction image decreased by 6%. Our results indicated that the pixel matching technique can enhance simulated nodules, with a substantial reduction of misregistration artifacts in comparison with conventional subtraction images. Therefore, we believe that the temporal subtraction method with the pixel matching technique would assist radiologists' diagnoses for detection of lung nodules in digital chest radiography.
Phenolic Acids in Foods:  An Overview of Analytical Methodology (2003)

Phenolic acids are aromatic secondary plant metabolites, widely spread throughout the plant kingdom. Existing analytical methods for phenolic acids originated from interest in their biological roles as secondary metabolites and from their roles in food quality and their organoleptic properties. Recent interest in phenolic acids stems from their potential protective role, through ingestion of fruits and vegetables, against oxidative damage diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancers). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as gas chromatography (GC) are the two separation techniques reviewed. Extraction from plant matrixes and cleavage reactions through hydrolysis (acidic, basic, and enzymatic) are discussed as are the derivatization reagents used in sample preparation for GC. Detection systems discussed include UV-Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemical, and fluorometric detection. The most common tandem techniques are HPLC/UV and GC/MS, yet LC/MS is becoming more common. The masses and MS fragmentation patterns of phenolic acids are discussed and tabulated as are the UV absorption maxima.
Src activates Abl to augment Robo1 expression in order to promote tumor cell migration (2010)

Cell migration is an essential step in cancer invasion and metastasis. A number of orchestrated cellular events involving tyrosine kinases and signaling receptors enable cancer cells to dislodge from primary tumors and colonize elsewhere in the body. For example, activation of the Src and Abl kinases can mediate events that promote tumor cell migration. Also, activation of the Robo1 receptor can induce tumor cell migration. However, while the importance of Src, Abl, and Robo1 in cell migration have been demonstrated, molecular mechanisms by which they collectively influence cell migration have not been clearly elucidated. In addition, little is known about mechanisms that control Robo1 expression. We report here that Src activates Abl to stabilize Robo1 in order to promote cell migration. Inhibition of Abl kinase activity by siRNA or kinase blockers decreased Robo1 protein levels and suppressed the migration of transformed cells. We also provide evidence that Robo1 utilizes Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases to induce cell migration. In addition, inhibition of Robo1 signaling can suppress transformed cell migration in the face of robust Src and Abl kinase activity. Therefore, inhibitors of Src, Abl, Robo1 and small GTPases may target a coordinated pathway required for tumor cell migration.
Highly Chemoselective and Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>Z</i>-Enol Silanes (2008)

Three-component nickel-catalyzed couplings of enals, alkynes, and silanes have been developed as a new entry to enol silanes. The enol silane and a trisubstituted alkene are both formed with >98:2 stereoselectivity, and the reaction tolerates a broad range of functionality including aldehydes, ketones, esters, free hydroxyls, and basic secondary amines. A mechanistic pathway involving the formation of a metallacycle that possesses an eta1 nickel O-enolate motif explains the high level of stereoselection.
Ultrasonic Determination of Transport Properties of Monatomic Gases at High Temperatures (1967)

An ultrasonic method has been used to determine experimentally the temperature and transport properties of monatomic gases. Both the sound velocity and the sound absorption were measured in helium up to 1300°K and argon up to 8000°K. The temperatures were calculated from the well-known theoretical temperature—sound velocity relation. The transport properties were calculated from the Stokes—Kirchoff expression for the sound absorption. The viscosity determinations agree with independent results of other investigators, thereby establishing the validity of this ultrasonic technique in determining transport properties of monatomic gases at high temperatures.
Boundary layer solutions for natural convection in porous media (1976)

An approximate solution is developed for natural convection in porous media resulting from localized heat sources. The method is applicable for moderate levels of convection. Results of the method compare well with those of other calculational methods and with experimental data. The solution for a spherical source can be used as an indirect method for the determination of permeability in some cases.
Investigation of triethylarsenic as a replacement for arsine in the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs (1988)

GaAs growth experiments have been performed with triethylarsenic (TEAs) to investigate its potential as a replacement for arsine, and to compare the effects on film properties of substituting ethyl for methyl groups in alkyl arsenic sources used in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Films were deposited over a wide range of growth conditions (Tg=550–750 °C, V/III=2–13), and data were obtained on film electrical and optical properties and variations in growth rate. Growth with TEAs yielded films with good surface morphology, low background doping levels (&lt;1015 cm−3) and 77 K mobilities of 13 000 cm2/V s. Although this represents a considerable improvement over films grown with trimethylarsenic, film properties still appear to be limited by unacceptably high levels of carbon incorporation. Experiments using triethylgallium as the group III source in place of trimethylgallium resulted in substantially reduced and nonuniform growth due to prereaction at the reactor walls.
Comparing Extracorporeal Knots in Laparoscopy using Knot and Loop Securities (2014)

Background: Laparoscopic knot tying is a basic surgical skill that has been practiced for centuries having their roots in fi shing and sailing.1-4 The advent of endoscopic surgery placed more challenges on the surgeons and this ever growing skills need to be acquired. Since endoscopic and arthroscopic knots must be delivered over a distance to a tissue with minimal access main-taining tension is more important than the knot confi guration chosen.5,6 The aim of this article review is to determine which hand tied knot confi guration and possibly, suture size, and suture type that would be safe in laparoscopic surgery. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed, Springerlink, Highwire press and search engines like Google and Yahoo. The following search terms were used: extracorporeal knot, arthroscopic knots, Roeder’s knot,
A novel, low-cost, high performance dissolved methane sensor for aqueous environments (2008)

A new method for in-situ detection and measurement of dissolved methane in aqueous media/environments with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM (3 sigma, and t90 approxiamtely 110s) and range (1-300 nM) is presented. The detection method is based on refractive index (RI) modulation of a modified PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) layer incorporating molecules of cryptophane-A [1] which have a selective and reversible affinity for methane [2]. The refractive index is accurately determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [3]. A prototype sensor has been repeatedly tested, using a dissolved gas calibration system under a range of temperature and salinity regimes. Laboratory-based results show that the technique is specific, sensitive, and reversible. The method is suitable for miniaturization and incorporation into in situ sensor technology.
ADE: Utility Driven Self-management in a Networked Environment (2007)

ADE, autonomic distributed environment, is a system which engages autonomic elements to automatically take an existing centralized application and distribute it across available resources. The autonomic elements provide self-management to handle the complexities associated with distribution, configuration, coordination and efficient execution of program components. The proposed approach models a centralized application in terms of an application graph consisting application components and then deploys the application components across the underlying utility - aware hierarchically organized distributed resources so that all constraints and requirements are satisfied and the system’s overall utility is maximized. Then, based on the observations obtained by the monitoring of the system resources, ADE redeploys the application graph to maintain maximized system utilization in spite of the dynamism and uncertainty involved in the system. One important aspect of ADE is that, the deployment decisions can be made based solely on locally available information and without costly global communication or synchronization. The proposed model is therefore decentralized and adaptive.