gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and treatment of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances of induced urethral obstruction in the cat. (1977)

Blue light irradiation has been clinically proven to reduce the symptoms of psoriasis vulgaris, a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 2% - 3% of the world’s population. This dermatological condition is characterized by hyperproliferation and disturbed differentiation of keratinocytes, which is evident in lesional areas as thick flaky skin. The lesional areas also exhibit sustained inflammation, induced by immune cells, such as T cells and dendritic cells, infiltrating the affected skin. Blue light reduces the proliferation of keratinocytes and increases their differentiation in a wavelength and fluence dependent manner. Also, it induces apoptosis in T cells and suppresses the activation of dendritic cells. These effects can explain the symptom reduction after treatment. But, the efficacy shown in the clinical studies could be further improved by having a deeper understanding on the underlying mechanism of this therapeutic approach and optimizing the treatment regimens currently used. Diverse findings have been published in different studies of blue light therapy for psoriasis describing large, little or no therapeutic effect. These results may be due to variances in the main treatment parameters of the implemented protocols, i.e. fluence, intensity, and length of treatment. Computational methods can provide a suitable platform to investigate the complex interactions leading to the management of psoriasis by blue light therapy and optimize the treatment protocols. Here, we explore in silico the underlying mechanism of blue light irradiation of psoriatic skin and predict the outcome of a wide range of therapeutic regimens with varying fluence, intensity, and length of treatment. The computational model is defined by a set of ordinary differential equations describing the time evolution of keratinocytes as they move vertically through the layers of the epidermis. The results of our simulations suggest that the temporary decrease in the severity of psoriasis can be explained by the transient decline in the proliferative capacity of keratinocytes. However, it is still unclear how the effects of blue light on the immune system contribute to the reduction of psoriasis symptoms. Simulations implemented for several combinations of treatment parameters predict that high efficacy is achieved by protocols with long duration and high fluence levels, regardless of the chosen intensity. These predictions provide general guidelines for treatment. Our in silico approach constitutes a framework for testing diverse hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of blue light therapy and designing effective strategies for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris.
SAbDab: the structural antibody database (2013)

Structural antibody database (SAbDab; http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/sabdab) is an online resource containing all the publicly available antibody structures annotated and presented in a consistent fashion. The data are annotated with several properties including experimental information, gene details, correct heavy and light chain pairings, antigen details and, where available, antibody-antigen binding affinity. The user can select structures, according to these attributes as well as structural properties such as complementarity determining region loop conformation and variable domain orientation. Individual structures, datasets and the complete database can be downloaded.
Parkin genetics: one model for Parkinson's disease (2004)

The genetic epidemiology of late-onset idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 'parkin-proven' parkinsonism (AR-JP) are limited. The clinical phenotype, prognosis and treatments are similar although PD is prevalent while AR-JP is rare. Molecular genetic and functional analysis suggests the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity of parkin, and the ubiquitin-proteosomal pathway, is central to disease pathogenesis. Herein, we compare and contrast PD and AR-JP and discuss the implications of recent data about parkin's genomic organization, regulation and function.
Generative model for abandoned object detection (2009)

This paper proposes an algorithm for abandoned object detection based on generative model of low level features. First, suspected blobs are detected by foreground detection and pixel variance thresholding. Then several low level features on blobs are calculated to remove false alarms, which include pixel variance over time, edge intensity score, edge variance over time, foreground completeness, histogram contrast with respect to surrounding background, bag color model and priors of height and width. The last two features are used as threshold. For other features, their log probability ratio between distributions on positive examples and negative ones are tted by sigmoid function. At last, the fitted log probability ratios are weighted to construct a classifier. The algorithm has been verified in 29 challenging scenes and produces very low false alarms and missing detection.
Processing and circuit design enhance a data converter's radiation tolerance (1988)

Radiation-hard CMOS/SOS processing was applied to a novel comparator-invertor circuit design to develop 6- and 8-bit parallel circuits featuring high-speed operation, low power consumption, and total-dose radiation tolerance up to 1 Mrad(Si). The heart of the radiation tolerant ADC design is a novel CMOS autozero comparator. The autozero function serves to eliminate any comparator offset. The comparator design is also tolerant of voltage threshold variations associated with total-dose radiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All-optical switching in a 200-m twin-core fiber nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer (1991)

All-optical switching is demonstrated in a 200-m-long fiber nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The only stabilization mechanism used is passive enclosure of the interferometer. Stable operation is obtained by using a twin-core fiber. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of use of fiber nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometers for ultrafast switching and pipeline logic.
ANALYSIS OF BATCH CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES (1985)

The analysis of batch crystallization processes normally requires the consideration of the time-dependent, batch conservation equations (e.g., population, mass, and energy balances), together with appropriate nucleation and growth kinetic equations. The solution of these integro-differential equations is relatively difficult, even by numerical techniques. This review outlines the advances that have been made in the experimental techniques and data analyses which can be used to study the crystallization kinetics and the crystal size distribution (CSD) in batch suspension crystallizers. Several simple and useful methods are discussed which include characterization of CSD maximum, cumulative CSD approach, SSBCR crystallizer, thermal response technique, maximum allowable growth rate, and desupersaturation curve technique.
Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries. (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) is an endothelial-cell-specific mitogen; as such, its role in angiogenesis has been studied extensively. VEGF/VPF may also serve as a local, endogenous regulator of large-vessel endothelial cell integrity. Surprisingly, however, VEGF/VPF expression in normal and/or atherosclerotic vessels has not been previously characterized. Accordingly, we studied normal human arteries and veins as well as atherosclerotic and restenotic human coronary arteries for evidence of VEGF/VPF expression. VEGF/VPF was detected immunohistochemically in sections of normal human aorta, mammary artery, and saphenous vein. Moreover, VEGF/ VPF expression was identified in 32 (97%) of 33 pathological coronary arterial specimens; the extent of VEGF/VPF staining was graded as moderate to strong in 21 of the 32 (66%) positive specimens. VEGF/VPF double immunostaining and in situ hybridization demonstrated that smooth muscle cells constitute the principal cellular source of VEGF/VPF. VEGF/VPF immunostaining among primary atherosclerotic lesions localized predominantly to the extracellular matrix. In restenotic specimens, VEGF/VPF immunostaining was more prominently cellular, particularly among proliferating smooth muscle cells. Although VEGF/VPF expression was observed in areas of macrophage infiltration, double immunostaining failed to localize VEGF/VPF to macrophages in these foci; instead, double immunostaining clearly identified CD45RO-positive cells as responsible for VEGF/VPF expression in such areas. No correlation could be demonstrated between VEGF/VPF immunostaining and extent of vasa vasorum. These findings thus establish that postnatal VEGF/VPF expression is a feature of normal human arteries and veins and is often extensively expressed in arteries narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque. VEGF/VPF expression in the wall and/or plaque of medium to large vessels suggests a role for VEGF/VPF other than promoting angiogenesis. This role may involve maintenance and repair of luminal endothelium.
Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria (1998)

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 14:113-118 (1998) - doi:10.3354/ame014113 Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria Rachel T. Noble*, Jed A. Fuhrman University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, AHF 107, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA *E-mail: noble@usc.edu A new nucleic acid stain, SYBR Green I, can be used for the rapid and accurate determination of viral and bacterial abundances in diverse marine samples. We tested this stain with formalin-preserved samples of coastal water and also from depth profiles (to 800 m) from sites 19 and 190 km offshore, by filtering a few ml onto 0.02 μm pore-size filters and staining for 15 min. Comparison of bacterial counts to those made with acridine orange (AO) and virus counts with those made by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed very strong correlations. Bacterial counts with AO and SYBR Green I were indistinguishable and almost perfectly correlated (r2 = 0.99). Virus counts ranged widely, from 0.03 to 15 × 107 virus ml-1. Virus counts by SYBR Green I were on the average higher than those made by TEM, and a SYBR Green I versus TEM plot yielded a regression slope of 1.28. The correlation between the two was very high with an r2 value of 0.98. The precision of the SYBR Green I method was the same as that for TEM, with coefficients of variation of 2.9%. SYBR Green I stained viruses and bacteria are intensely stained and easy to distinguish from other particles with both older and newer generation epifluorescence microscopes. Detritus is generally not stained, unlike when the alternative dye YoPro I is used, so this approach may be suitable for sediments. SYBR Green I stained samples need no desalting or heating, can be fixed with formalin prior to filtration, the optimal staining time is 15 min (resulting in a total preparation time of less than 25 min), and counts can be easily performed at sea immediately after sampling. This method may facilitate incorporation of viral research into most aquatic microbiology laboratories. Virus · Epifluorescence · SYBR Green I · Marine ecology Full text in pdf format NextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 14, No. 2. Publication date: February 13, 1998 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 1998 Inter-Research.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Review (2012)

Energy is one of the most important topics on the international environment and development agenda. The sun is the largest energy source of life while at the same time it is the ultimate source of most of renewable energy sources. Solar energy can be used to generate electricity in a direct way with the use of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Photovoltaic is defined as the generation of electricity from light. The technology of photovoltaic cells was developed rapidly over the past few decades. Nowadays the efficiency of the best crystalline silicon cells has reached 24% for photovoltaic cells under laboratory conditions and for that used in aerospace technology and about 14-17% overall efficiency for those available commercially while modules costs dropped to below 4$ per watt peak (4$/WP). The present paper presents a review for the work that has been achieved during the recent years in the field of PV systems, with emphasis on technologies, performance and economics. The review also includes PV modeling and simulation. A comparative study between different PV technologies as well as performance and economics has been done. In addition, the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for PV system was focused, to maximize its performance. Finally, some general guidelines are given for selection of PV systems and the parameters that need to be considered.
Laser cooling delivers a Bose–Einstein condensate (2018)

The new, faster path to condensation could vastly speed up some quantum experiments.
Signal-induced ubiquitination of Ikappa Balpha by the F-box protein Slimb/beta -TrCP (1999)

Signal-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha targets this inhibitor of NF-kappaB for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, thus allowing NF-kappaB to enter the nucleus to turn on its target genes. We report here the identification of an IkappaB-ubiquitin (Ub) ligase complex containing the F-box/WD40-repeat protein, beta-TrCP, a vertebrate homolog of Drosophila Slimb. beta-TrCP binds to IkappaBalpha only when the latter is specifically phosphorylated by an IkappaB kinase complex. Moreover, immunopurified beta-TrCP ubiquitinates phosphorylated IkappaBalpha at specific lysines in the presence of Ub-activating (E1) and -conjugating (Ubch5) enzymes. A beta-TrCP mutant lacking the F-box inhibits the signal-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Furthermore, Drosophila embryos deficient in slimb fail to activate twist and snail, two genes known to be regulated by the NF-kappaB homolog, Dorsal. These biochemical and genetic data strongly suggest that Slimb/beta-TrCP is the specificity determinant for the signal-induced ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha.
Impact of Nucleation Density on Thermal Resistance near Diamond-Substrate Boundaries (1997)

Existing theory cannot account for the experimentally-observed thermal boundary resistance between deposited layers and substrates at room temperature. This is due to microstructural disorder in the deposited film within tens of nanometers of the interface. This work develops a model for the resulting thermal resistance near diamond-substrate interfaces, where the best deposition processes continue to yield high concentrations of amorphous inclusions and nanocrystalline material. The model relies on phonon transport theory and a novel subdivision of the near-interfacial region, which shows that the resistance is governed by the number of diamond nucleation sites per unit substrate area, i.e. The nucleation density. The predictions are consistent with experimental data for diamond-silicon interfaces and indicate that the resistance reaches a minimum for a nucleation density near 10{sup 10} cm{sup {minus}2}. This work facilitates the development microstructures that benefit more strongly from the excellent thermal-conduction properties of diamond.
Cation Exchange Selectivity Coefficient Values on Smectite and Mixed‐Layer Illite/Smectite Minerals (2009)

Sodium‐K, Na‐Ca, Na‐Mg, and Na‐Sr exchange isotherms were performed at a total Cl concentration of about 0.005 mol L −1 on the fine fraction (<2 μm) of MX80 montmorillonite, mixed‐layer illite smectite minerals (IS), and clayey stones from European underground research laboratories. The derived selectivity coefficients for Na‐K, Na‐Ca, Na‐Mg, and Na‐Sr were found to vary very significantly as a function of the exchanger composition. A model was built to reproduce the data, taking into account the change of selectivity coefficient as a function of the exchanger composition of smectite. Model parameters were fitted using data from the present study and data from the literature obtained on smectite minerals. The addition of parameters for cation–anion pairs was found to improve the fitting results. The model was then successfully tested to reproduce published cation‐exchange features on natural clayey materials and soils suspended in fresh or saline water. Finally, it is shown that the simple combination of this smectite exchange model with a previously published illite exchange model is quite successful although perfectible in reproducing exchange data on IS.
Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Persons (2002)

Retinopathy is independently associated with poorer cognitive function in middle-aged persons without stroke, suggesting that cerebral microvascular disease may contribute to the development of cognitive impairment.
The Removal of Hard Scales From Geothermal Wells: California Case Histories (2000)

Abstract The Geothermal Industry’s largest remedial budgetary cost involves the removal of scale from its existing completions. From it’s inception forty years ago, the geothermal industry has tried many different systems and applications for the removal of very hard scale from their injection and production wells. Today the most widely used and accepted method for hard scale removal has been the use of a workover rig utilizing a bit and scraper. This method, although partially effective, does not fully address the impediment of scale in the well conduit – a bit and scraper simply cannot remove what it cannot reach. In addition, with the advent of high alloy materials to combat the corrosion effects of these scales, along with pressure depleted formations, this method is proving to be inadequate as it can cause severe damage to the expensive wellbore tubulars. This paper reviews and discusses several case histories of a newly developed technique for removing these very hard geothermal scales.
The quasi-optical reflection circulator: progress in theory and millimeter-wave experiments (1994)

The circulator, directing transmitted and received signals with little loss, based on the nonreciprocal gyro- magnetic principle of electron magnetic resonance, has been an essential component of radars and other microwave systems since feasibility was first demonstrated' with a 10-G112 Faraday-rotation device in 1952.
Serological response of bovines to combined vaccine containing foot and mouth disease virus, rabies virus, Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens. (2001)

Five groups of ten animals were vaccinated with a combined vaccine containing foot and mouth disease (FMD), rabies, Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens and individual component vaccines containing FMD, rabies, Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens, respectively. Serological response of the calves was assayed on days 21 and 90 post vaccination. There was no significant variation in the serological response elicited by individual component vaccines and combined vaccine containing all four antigens.
SOLAR SORPTION REFRIGERATOR (2003)

A new environmentally friendly solar refrigerator is developed, in which a physical adsorption and chemical reactions are used simultaneously for a heat and cold generation. A solar/gas-electrical refrigerator is made of a solar collector, adsorbed natural gas vessel (ANG), or electric heater, and compact refrigeration system, which consists of two small adsorbers with heat pipe heat recovery system. An active carbon fiber “Busofit” saturated with metal chlorides is used as a sorbent bed and ammonia is used as a working fluid. This refrigerator applies a solar energy and methane gas burner, or electrical heater as a back up. The goal of this work is the experimental determination of the main refrigerator parameters using solar/gas (electrical) high temperature source of energy and air/water as a low temperature source of energy to cool and heat air/ water.
On the Role of Myosin-II in Cytokinesis: Division of<i>Dictyostelium</i>Cells under Adhesive and Nonadhesive Conditions (1997)

We have investigated the role of myosin in cytokinesis in Dictyostelium cells by examining cells under both adhesive and nonadhesive conditions. On an adhesive surface, both wild-type and myosin-null cells undergo the normal processes of mitotic rounding, cell elongation, polar ruffling, furrow ingression, and separation of daughter cells. When cells are denied adhesion through culturing in suspension or on a hydrophobic surface, wild-type cells undergo these same processes. However, cells lacking myosin round up and polar ruffle, but fail to elongate, furrow, or divide. These differences show that cell division can be driven by two mechanisms that we term Cytokinesis A, which requires myosin, and Cytokinesis B, which is cell adhesion dependent. We have used these approaches to examine cells expressing a myosin whose two light chain-binding sites were deleted (DeltaBLCBS-myosin). Although this myosin is a slower motor than wild-type myosin and has constitutively high activity due to the abolition of regulation by light-chain phosphorylation, cells expressing DeltaBLCBS-myosin were previously shown to divide in suspension (Uyeda et al., 1996). However, we suspected their behavior during cytokinesis to be different from wild-type cells given the large alteration in their myosin. Surprisingly, DeltaBLCBS-myosin undergoes relatively normal spatial and temporal changes in localization during mitosis. Furthermore, the rate of furrow progression in cells expressing a DeltaBLCBS-myosin is similar to that in wild-type cells.
Neural network modeling of dynamical systems (2002)

A recurrent backpropagation neural network suitable for modelling dynamical systems is analyzed. It is shown that the weight matrices of the neural network model determine, with reasonable accuracy, the impulse response of the modelled dynamical system. By analyzing this impulse response with the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), one can obtain state-space representation of the original system. Simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>