gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trailing-edge jet control of leading-edge vortices of a delta wing (1996)

The effect of using a trailing-edge jet to control the leading-edge vortices of a delta wing is investigated experimentally in a water towing tank facility. The Reynolds number, based on the freestream velocity and the root chord, is 9.8 X 103. Both static and dynamic (pitching-up) conditions are tested. For the dynamic cases, the wing is pitched from 10- to 45-deg angle of attack with pitch rates varied from 0.043 to 0.26. From the dye flow visualization, it is shown that a downward vectored trailing-edge jet can significantly delay the vortex breakdown on a delta wing. Strong asymmetric breakdown of the leading-edge vortices can be induced by arranging the vectored jet in an asymmetric configuration. Transient pitching motion delays the onset of the vortex breakdown. The initial delay is independent of the pitch rate. Also, the use of jet control is found to be effective for the dynamic cases. During the initial pitching-up period, the use of jet control has a dominant influence on the propagation of the vortex breakdown. In general, with jet control, the propagation of the vortex breakdown slows down. From instantaneous particle image velocimetry measurements, a quasiperiodic variation of the leading-edge vorticity field is detected before the vortex breakdown. This variation appears to relate to the strong interaction between the separating shear layer, the secondary vortex, and the primary vortex. Along the vortex axis, the velocity distribution changes from a jet-type profile to a wake-type profile, signifying the onset of vortex breakdown.
Silylated BODIPY dyes and their use in dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles with switchable emitting wavelengths for cellular imaging (2012)

Two silylated BODIPY derivatives were synthesized, characterized and used for the fabrication of the dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles. The fluorophores were covalently incorporated into the silica matrix to minimize any fluorophore leakage. The synthesized fluorophore-doped nanoparticles were stable in aqueous solution and monodisperse with diameters of 20-25 nm. By incorporating the two BODIPY dyes simultaneously at a controlled ratio, silica nanoparticles with switchable emitting wavelengths were achieved with a change in the excitation wavelength. Thus by using the dual-fluorophore-doped nanoparticles, two-color imaging was demonstrated with minimal background signal by employing an appropriate excitation light source and appropriate excitation/emission filter sets. Further, the surfaces of the dual-fluorophore-doped nanoparticles were functionalized with folic acid to allow for the recognition of HeLa cells which over-express the folate receptors.
Susceptibility Pattern and Molecular Type of Species-Specific <i>Candida</i> in Oropharyngeal Lesions of Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients (2004)

A study of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients was conducted over a period of 15 months. This study revealed that 75% of the HIV/AIDS patients had OPC. MIC testing revealed that 5% of the Candida isolates were fluconazole resistant. A correlation between CD4(+)-T-cell counts and development of OPC in HIV/AIDS patients was also observed. Molecular typing of C. albicans isolates showed that all were genetically unrelated.
NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHOROTHIOATES (1985)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Power-aware service-oriented architecture for wireless sensor networks (2005)

Integrating wireless sensor networks (WSNs) into the service-oriented architecture poses many research challenges. One of these challenges is how to apply Web services to the resource constrained WSNs in terms of communication and computation capabilities. Another research challenge is how to build power-aware service-oriented data streaming for WSNs. This paper addresses serviceability issues of WSNs using the Web services resource framework (WSRF) under the open grid service architecture (OGSA). It also addresses the issue of power efficiency for sensor application services that are built on WSRF and provides a query optimization mechanism at Web services level based on the Markov decision process (MDP). We use a work-in-progress project involving condition-based maintenance (CBM) as an industrial application show case.
Numerical investigation of breast tumour detection using multi-static radar (2003)

A breast cancer detection technique using multi-static radar is proposed. For the first time, images are produced using this technique, using backscatter data produced from an anatomically realistic 2D MRI-derived FDTD model of the breast. Successful detection of a 2 mm-diameter tumour is demonstrated, although clarity of detection is dependent on mitigating antenna mutual coupling and skin reflections.
EKXL: A Dynamic Poisson-Solver for Spherically-Convergent Inertial- Electrostatic Confinement Systems (1991)

The EKXL code is a 1-D radially-dependent Poisson-solver. It gives static solutions for potential and density distributions, given edge density specifications for these parameters. It is a 'point' model in that spatial variations of externally-imposed fields is possible, but spatial dependence of inter-particle interaction phenomena can not be accommodated as an integral part of code operations. KXL uses the same mathematical engine developed in the XL code and a series of intermediate steady-state solutions over time to reach the final steady-state condition for the given input parameters. Selected parameters, such as input current and the length of the time step, can be adjusted as the calculation proceeds. This method and some of the improvements discussed allow the code to reach much higher core densities than were possible with XL.
La información pública sobre estrategias en la empresa española: el caso asegurador (2003)

En la situacion actual de fluidez de informacion y de mercados muy pendientes de las expectativas, se hace necesaria para los inversores y usuarios de la informacion conocer las lineas estrategicas de las organizaciones empresariales
Experimental determination of phase velocity of perfluorocarbons: Applications to targeted contrast agents (2000)

Targeted acoustic contrast agents are designed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic diagnoses. We have previously developed a ligand targeted ultrasonic contrast system that is a lipid-encapsulated, liquid-perfluorocarbon emulsion. The emulsion particles are small (250 nm) and have inherently low echogenicity unless bound to a surface by a pretargeted ligand through avidin-biotin interactions. We have recently proposed a simple acoustic transmission line model that treats the emulsion particles as a thin layer over the targeted surface. In this model, the acoustic reflectivity of the sample increases for perfluorocarbons with smaller velocities of longitudinal sound or lower densities. In this study, we measure and report the velocity of longitudinal sound for 20 perfluorocarbons using a broadband phase spectroscopic approach for estimating phase velocities. Experimentally determined velocities ranged from 520+/-2 m/sec (perfluorohexane) to 705+/-5 m/s (perfluorodecalin). No measurable dispersion was observed over the useful bandwidth of 2 to 22 MHz. Increasing carbon backbone chain length and fluorine substitution with halogens of greater atomic weight increased the measured speed of sound. Our experimental data were consistent (R=0.87) with a published empirical model that predicts velocity as a function of molecular structure. These data provide a rational basis for optimizing targeted perfluorocarbon-based contrast agents and offer further insight into the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed enhancement of surface acoustic reflectivity.
Cantaloupe Production in California (2008)

California has two primary cantaloupe (or muskmelon; Cucumis melo L.) production areas: the southern desert valleys in Imperial and Riverside Counties and the San Joaquin Valley (Fresno, Kern, Kings, Merced, and Stanislaus Counties). Melons in the southern desert valleys
Antibiotic Resistance (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTAntibiotic ResistanceThe specter of antibiotic resistance has roused pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to seek new weapons to battle infectionsCELIA M. HENRYView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 10, 41–58Publication Date (Print):March 6, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 6 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n010.p041https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n010.p041newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Antibiotic resistance,Antimicrobial agents,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Membrane fragility: Fact or illusion? (1992)

Membranes are in wide use today as microsensors, vacuum windows, and lithography mask substrates. They are fragile and difficult to protect, however. We show that membrane strength, and thus process yield, are increased by a newly designed ‘‘skirted’’ membrane. This structure strengthens the attachment of membrane to support, reinforcing a region where fractures usually originate. The skirt design was applied to polysilicon membranes on glass supports, used for x-ray lithography mask blanks, and was shown to increase strength three times over polysilicon or silicon-rich nitride membranes on silicon supports, to an average of 1.5 GPa. More significantly, skirted polysilicon membranes exhibit fracture pressure differentials that are six times higher in the same comparison, having tremendous impact on process and application durability.
Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans Obtained for Other Indications (2013)

National Institutes of Health.
Vitreous as a Substrate for Vitreolysis (2009)

There is an increasing interest in the concept of using enzymes to induce vitreoretinal separation and/or modulate the structure of the vitreous as an aid to, or replacement for, mechanical vitrectomy. In order to understand how these enzymes work and to develop new and better therapeutics, knowledge of vitreous structure at a molecular and supramolecular level is key. The vitreous like many extracellular matrices has a composite structure with a network of collagen fibrils, that is essential for the gel structure, and a glycosaminoglycan network composed predominantly of hyaluronan that fills the spaces between the collagen fibrils and helps to inflate the matrix. The collagen fibrils are very resistant to proteolytic degradation so these do not make a good target for pharmacological vitreolysis, but degradation of the hyaluronan facilitates the dispersal of vitreous haemorrhage. The molecular mechanisms underlying postbasal vitreoretinal adhesion are poorly understood but it is likely that intermediary molecules that link cortical vitreous collagen fibrils to the inner limiting lamina play a major role. Furthermore, it is apparent that proteolytic enzymes such as plasmin fragment these linking molecules and thereby facilitate vitreoretinal disinsertion.
Creating and analyzing stereoscopic 3D graphical user interfaces in digital games (2013)

Creating graphical user interfaces (GUI) for stereoscopic 3D (S3D) games is a difficult choice between visual comfort and effect. We present a S3D Game GUI Design Space and a list of S3D-specific attributes that emphasizes integrating visually comfortable interfaces into the game world, story and S3D view. To showcase our approach, we created two GUI concepts and evaluated them with 32 users. Our results show quality improvements for a combination of bottom position and visual attachment for a menu. In a referencing interface, placing the reference near to the target depth significantly improved perceived quality, game integration, and increased presence. These results confirm the need to create S3D GUIs with perceptual constraints in mind, demonstrating the potential to extend the user experience. Additionally, our design space offers a formal and flexible way to create new effects in S3D GUIs.
Evaluation of the combined effect of breath hold and contrast enhancement on dosimetry in the thorax (2002)

Introduction: Contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CT) images of the lungs provide clearer tumour and nodal definition than that possible on a non-contrast planning CT. If the contrast diagnostic CT could be performed in treatment position and then utilised for Gross Tumour Volume (GTV) and Planning Target Volume (PTV) marking, clearer definition of tumour and nodal areas would result. A study was undertaken to determine the impact of using contrast enhanced diagnostic CT scans, on the treatment plan. This paper will present the results of the combined effect of breath hold and contrast enhancement on dosimetry. Methods: Ten consecutive patients, who presented to Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute (PMCI) requiring diagnostic CT scans, had planning CT scans immediately followed by contrast enhanced diagnostic CT scans, both performed in treatment position. The non-contrast scans were used for routine clinical planning, the contrast scans for comparison purposes. The techniques planned were anterior and posterior conformal beams, treated until spinal cord tolerance was reached, then oblique conformal beams, angled to avoid spinal cord. As per the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 50 (ICRU 50) guidelines, the nominated dose reference point was the isocentre. The variation in monitor units between contrast and non- contrast datasets was used to evaluate the combined effect of contour and inhomogeneity differences on dose. Results: For the study series the maximum variation in monitor units (MU) per fraction for a pair of beams between contrast and non-contrast plans was 11 MU, the average change was 5.4 MU per pair of beams per fraction. It must be noted that the sample number of ten is small and caution must be taken in drawing conclusions from this initial work. Conclusion: Based on this study, the effect of change in contour due to breath hold and change in inhomogeneity when contrast is present is small on the dose delivered to the isocentre point within the patient. (author abstract)
1.25 µm deep-groove-isolated self-aligned ECL circuits (1982)

IN THIS PAPER we report the characteristics of 1.25pm ECL circuits with maximum speed of 114ps ata power dissipation of 4.9mW. Such performance is achieved through the combination of properly designed bipolar devices and an advanced bpolar technology featuring self-ali ed polysilicon-base contact and deep-groove device isolation3-5 . The 1.25pm minimum feature size was defined using electron-beam lithography.
Regional Admittivity Spectra with Tomosynthesis Images for Breast Cancer Detection (2007)

Because the electrical properties of many breast tumors are different from those of surrounding, normal tissue, imaging these properties may provide useful diagnostic information. At the present time, X-ray mammography is the standard imaging modality used for breast cancer screening. The interpretation of EIT imaging is thus enhanced by its use together with x-ray mammography in the same geometry. This paper reports the ability of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to localize and distinguish cancers from normal tissues. These findings are confirmed by simultaneous, co-registered 3-D mammograms or tomosynthesis images and are verified with biopsy reports.
Calcium Orthophosphate Cements and Concretes (2009)

In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases form after mixing a viscous paste that after being implanted, sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with unreacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with newly forming bone), calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique for non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities and easy manipulation. Furthermore, reinforced cement formulations are available, which in a certain sense might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The concepts established by calcium orthophosphate cement pioneers in the early 1980s were used as a platform to initiate a new generation of bone substitute materials for commercialization. Since then, advances have been made in the composition, performance and manufacturing; several beneficial formulations have already been introduced as a result. Many other compositions are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into calcium orthophosphate cements and concretes, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting application, has been provided.
Dual-Energy Dual-Source CT With Additional Spectral Filtration Can Improve the Differentiation of Non–Uric Acid Renal Stones: An Ex Vivo Phantom Study (2011)

Our results showed better separation among different stone types when additional tin filtration was used on dual-energy DSCT. The increased spectral separation allowed a five-group stone classification scheme. Some overlapping between particular stone types still exists, including brushite and calcium oxalate.
Protection conferred by selenium deficiency against aflatoxin B1 in the rat is associated with the hepatic expression of an aldo-keto reductase and a glutathione S-transferase subunit that metabolize the mycotoxin. (1997)

Fischer 344 rats fed on a diet that is deficient in selenium are more resistant to the hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) than those fed on a selenium-sufficient diet. Hepatic cytosol from either selenium-deficient Fischer 344 rats or Hooded Lister rats possesses a marked increase in both reductase activity toward AFB1-dialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward AFB(1)-8,9-epoxide than hepatic cytosol from selenium-sufficient rats. The elevation in hepatic AFB1-aldehyde reductase (AFAR) activity in selenium-deficient animals is accompanied by an increase of 11- and 15-fold in the levels of AFAR protein in liver cytosol from Fischer 344 and Hooded Lister rats, respectively. The amount of AFAR protein in selenium-sufficient and -deficient Fischer rats was modulated by treatment with N-acetylcysteine; this antioxidant reduced basal expression of AFAR but did not modulate the relative overexpression of AFAR during selenium deficiency. The enhanced capacity to conjugate glutathione with AFB(1)-8,9-epoxide in selenium-deficient livers from Fischer 344 and Hooded Lister rats is associated with a 5- and 7-fold increase, respectively, in the hepatic levels of the AFB1-metabolizing alpha-class GSTA5 subunit. The elevated levels of AFAR and GSTA5 protein in the selenium-deficient animals coincided with increases in the steady-state levels of their mRNAs. In selenium-deficient Fischer 344 rats, AFAR and GSTA5 were both found to be expressed throughout the centrilobular and midzonal areas of the liver lobule but were essentially absent from periportal hepatocytes. The effect of selenium insufficiency is pleiotropic, and it was also noted that the theta-class GSTT1 is overexpressed 3- and 10-fold in livers of selenium-deficient Hooded Lister and Fischer 344 rats. Inasmuch as GSTT1 is responsible for the metabolic activation of dihaloalkanes, selenium deficiency may increase the susceptibility of rats to mutagens such as dichloromethane.
Regio- and stereoselective oxygenations by adult human liver flavin-containing monooxygenase 3. Comparison with forms 1 and 2 (1993)

The cDNA for the adult human liver flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3) (FMO3) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cDNA-expressed FMO3 was used to investigate the regio- and stereoselective N- and S-oxygenation of a number of tertiary amines and sulfides, respectively. For comparison, the N- and S-oxygenation of the same chemicals and drugs were examined with adult human liver microsomes from a normal healthy female donor and FMO1 from pig liver and FMO2 from rabbit lung. Both cDNA-expressed FMO3 and adult human liver microsomes N-oxygenated trifluoperazine or 10-(N,N-dimethylaminoalkyl)-phenothiazines with similar substrate specificities. The substrate specificity for FMO3 differed, however, from that of pig liver FMO1. Nucleophilic sulfur-containing compounds [i.e., thiobenzamide, (4-bromophenyl)-1,3-oxathiolane, and 2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole] were efficiently S-oxygenated by cDNA-expressed FMO3 and adult human liver microsomes. Stereoselective S-oxygenation of (+)- and (-)-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-oxathiolane and 2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole was therefore investigated. In general, the stereoselectivity observed for S-oxygenation in the presence of FMO3 was similar to that observed in the presence of adult human liver microsomes. In most cases examined, however, the stereoselectivity for S-oxygenation was quite distinct from that observed for pig liver FMO1. We conclude that FMO3 is the major form of FMO active in adult human liver. Because the stereoselectivity for X-oxygenation and the substrate specificity for tertiary amine N-oxygenation by cDNA-expressed FMO3 are distinct from those of pig liver FMO1, we conclude that the binding channel for each isoform is quite different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
All-in-one multifunctional optical microscope with a single holographic measurement (2008)

An all-purpose multifunctional optical microscope based on digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is proposed, which enables DHM to be practically suitable for bioimaging applications. With our simple suggested digital signal-processing scheme, we have demonstrated that various optical images, including pure amplitude, pure phase, dark-field, phase-contrast, and differential interference contrast images, can be obtained from a single DHM measurement. Because these images obtained with our method are essentially the same as those obtainable with conventional optical imaging instruments, biologists can easily analyze them with their previous knowledge and experience.