gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen catabolism in patients with type II and type IV hyperlipidemia. Effect of dietary and clofibrate treatment on laboratory findings. (1981)

Fibrinogen catabolism was studied by plasma fibrinogen chromatography and other methods in 99 subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia Types IIa, IIb, and IV, and in 24 control subjects with normal blood lipid values. Subjects with either a history of thromboembolic vascular disease or clinical evidence of atherosclerosis were excluded. Type II subjects (i.e., the combined group of Type IIa and IIb subjects) showed an elevation of plasma high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes, which is indicative of enhanced fibrin formation. They also showed an elevation of fibrinogen-first-derivative, which is indicative of fibrinogenolysis and increased plasma euglobulin activity. Subjects with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia showed similar findings to those of Type II except that high molecular weight fibrinogen complex concentration was normal. Subsequently, 36 patients received a fat-controlled, low cholesterol diet and were studied in a blind, random, crossover study of dietary vs clofibrate treatment. Although total cholesterol and triglyceride levels fell significantly during the treatment periods, chromatographic findings of abnormal plasma fibrinogen remained unchanged.
The brain tumor microenvironment (2011)

Abstract High‐grade brain tumors are heterogeneous with respect to the composition of bona fide tumor cells and with respect to a range of intermingling parenchymal cells. Glioblastomas harbor multiple cell types, some with increased tumorigenicity and stem cell‐like capacity. The stem‐like cells may be the cells of origin for tumor relapse. However, the tumor‐associated parenchymal cells such as vascular cells, microglia, peripheral immune cells, and neural precursor cells also play a vital role in controlling the course of pathology. In this review, we describe the multiple interactions of bulk glioma cells and glioma stem cells with parenchymal cell populations and highlight the pathological impact as well as signaling pathways known for these types of cell‐cell communication. The tumor‐vasculature not only nourishes glioblastomas, but also provides a specialized niche for these stem‐like cells. In addition, microglial cells, which can contribute up to 30% of a brain tumor mass, play a role in glioblastoma cell invasion. Moreover, non‐neoplastic astrocytes can be converted into a reactive phenotype by the glioma microenvironment and can then secrete a number of factors which influences tumor biology. The young brain may have the capacity to inhibit gliomagenesis by the endogenous neural precursor cells, which secrete tumor suppressive factors. The factors, pathways, and interactions described in this review provide a new prospective on the cell biology of primary brain tumors, which may ultimately generate new treatment modalities. However, our picture of the multiple interactions between parenchymal and tumor cells is still incomplete. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tariffs vs. Quotas over the Business Cycle (1991)

This paper extends the literature on tariffs vs. quotas by comparing their impacts in a world of macroeconomic shocks and trade account imbalances with fixed exchange rates. The effects of tariffs and quotas on output, prices, import volumes, and profits are compared both when business cycles originate in the importing country and when they start in the exporting country. In the former case the maintenance of a tariff reduces the domestic effect of a busi ness cycle by passing some of its effects through to exporters, while a quota contains the ef fects of such shocks within the importing economy. When business cycles originate in the ex porting country, most of the earlier conclusions are reversed. Countries wishing to minimize the disruptive impacts of domestic business cycles should choose tariffs rather than quotas as the primary tool of commercial policy, while those worried primarily about the domestic ef fects of foreign macroeconomic shocks should rely on quotas rather than tariffs.
Platelet adhesion studies on dipyridamole coated polyurethane surfaces (2003)

Surface modification of polyurethanes (PUs) by covalent attachment of dipyridamole (Persantin) is known to reduce adherence of blood platelets upon exposure to human platelet rich plasma (PRP). This effect was investigated in further detail. First platelet adhesion under static conditions was studied with four different biomaterial surfaces: untreated PU, PU immobilised with conjugate molecule 1, PU immobilised with conjugate molecule 2, and PU immobilised with conjugate molecule 3. In PU immobilised with 1 dipyridamole is directly linked to the surface, in PU immobilised with 2 there is a short hydrophilic spacer chain in between the surface and the dipyridamole, while conjugate molecule 3 is merely the spacer chain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterise platelet adhesion from human PRP under static conditions, and fluorescence imaging microscopy was used to study platelet adhesion from whole blood under flow. SEM experiments encompassed both density measurements and analysis of the morphology of adherent platelets. In the static experiments the surface immobilised with 2 showed the lowest platelet adherence. No difference between the three modified surfaces emerged from the flow experiments. The surfaces were also incubated with washed blood platelets and labeled with Oregon-Green Annexin V. No capture of Oregon-Green Annexin V was seen, implying that the adhered platelets did not expose any phosphatidyl serine at their exterior surface.
Ability of myeloma cells to secrete macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1<i>α</i> and MIP‐1<i>β</i> correlates with lytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma (2004)

Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta have been identified as candidates for multiple myeloma (MM)-derived bone-resorbing factors. To validate the clinical relevance of these observations, we investigated correlations between the ability of MM cells to secrete these chemokines and the extent of MM bone lesions as well as levels of biochemical bone markers in patients with MM. Patients with multiple bone lesions exhibited higher MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta secretion from MM cells along with elevated urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), without significant elevation of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) or osteocalcin compared with those with minimal bone lesions. MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta levels correlated positively with urinary Dpd and serum BALP but not with serum osteocalcin. These results provide further evidence for a causal role of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta in the development of lytic bone lesions, and suggest that MM cells suppress osteoblastic bone formation to cause an imbalance of bone turnover and development of destructive bone lesions.
Expression of Cytokine Genes during Pneumococcal and Nontypeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Acute Otitis Media in the Rat (2000)

Acute otitis media (AOM) elicits potent inflammatory responses from the cells of the middle ear mucosa as well as from infiltrating leukocytes. To explore host responses during experimental AOM induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), otomicroscopy findings and expression of cytokine genes in the middle ear were monitored up to 1 month postinoculation. The mucosa and infiltrating cells responded rapidly to the bacterial challenge. Otomicroscopically, AOM appeared 1 day after NTHi inoculation and 3 days after pneumococcus inoculation. Pneumococcal AOM was more severe than NTHi otitis, but in general, lower transcript levels were detected in pneumococcus-infected than in NTHi-infected animals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels peaked at 3 to 6 h for both pneumococcus-infected and NTHi-infected animals. IL-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-10 mRNA levels peaked at 6 h for NTHi otitis and 1 to 3 days for pneumococcal otitis. Comparing otomicroscopy with expression profiles, it would appear that the majority of cytokine mRNAs had passed their peak before the AOM diagnosis could be made clinically. Only transforming growth factor beta mRNA followed a slower time course, peaking very late and continuing expression even after the AOM was otomicroscopically resolved. IL-2 and IL-4 mRNAs were not detected in any animal at any time. Most of the investigated cytokines are very early markers for AOM and may be involved in initiation of inflammation, but they would be poor targets for pharmacological manipulation since their levels decline before clinical signs appear.
Surface Immobilized Protein Multilayers for Cell Seeding (2005)

Multilayer assemblies containing various cell-adhesive proteins such as gelatin, collagen IV, and laminin or polycations polylysine and poly(ethyleneimine) were immobilized on the polystyrene surface using the layer-by-layer technique based on hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macromolecules. The formation and stability of the assemblies and the adsorption of proteins from a serum containing cell-cultivation media onto their surfaces were observed in real time by Fourier transform infrared multiple internal reflection spectroscopy. The adhesion and growth of mouse embryonic stem cells line D3 were tested in polystyrene culture dishes coated with the assemblies. The cells were seeded in complete serum-containing media or in serum-free media and in the presence (non-differentiated) and/or absence (differentiated) of leukemia inhibitory factor. Proteins from serum-containing cell-cultivation media adsorbed rapidly onto positively charged surfaces. The cells grew best on surfaces coated with gelatin and collagen IV assemblies. There were no significant differences in the growth of the non-differentiated and differentiated cells in complete serum-containing media. When seeded in serum-free media, non-differentiated cells grew better than the differentiated ones. Particularly, polycation surfaces treated with glutaraldehyde promoted the growth of the non-differentiated cells and hindered the growth of the differentiated cells. The layer-by-layer deposition appears to be a practicable technique by which scaffolds for tissue engineering can be coated with biomolecular assemblies tailored to specific cells and applications.
Conditioning saliva for use in a microfluidic biosensor (2008)

This report details an approach to saliva conditioning for compatibility of raw patient samples with microfluidic immunoassay components, principally biosensor surfaces susceptible to fouling. Stimulated whole human saliva spiked with a small molecule analyte (phenytoin, 252 Da) was first depleted of cells, debris and high molecular weight glycoproteins (mucins) using membrane filtration. This process significantly reduced but did not eliminate fouling of biosensor surfaces exposed to the sample. An H-filter, which separates solutes from mixed samples based on their diffusion in laminar flow, was used to extract the analyte from the remaining large molecular weight species in the filtered saliva sample. Patient samples treated in this way retained 23% of the analyte with 97% and 92% reduction in glycoproteins and proteins, respectively, and resulted in 3.6 times less surface fouling than either untreated or filtered saliva alone. These sample conditioning steps will enable the use of fouling-sensitive detection techniques in future studies using clinical saliva samples.
Experiments of a Novel low on-resistance LDMOS with 3-D Floating Vertical Field Plate (2019)

A novel lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) with three-dimensional floating vertical field plate (3-D F-VFP) is proposed in this paper. The 3-D F-VFP LDMOS features a discrete pillar-type VFP array through the N-type drift region and the VFP pillars with the same distance from the source are connected to each other to realize the equal potential. In the off-state, the potential along the drift region are pinned by the series of equal-potential F-VFP rings and a new full-region depletion mode is introduced into the bulk of the device. Therefore, the highly doped drift region is depleted by the 3-D F-VFP, establishing a self-adaptive charge balance inside the drift region. In the on-state, the current flows through the gaps among all the F-VFP pillars, preventing the long current path and reducing the on resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> . A 3-D F-VFP LDMOS is experimentally implemented, which obtains a breakdown voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> of 630 V and a Ron of 344.8 Ω compared with 550 V and 722.5 Ω of the device without the F-VFP. The measured saturation current of the 3-D F-VFP LDMOS is more than 4.5 times of that of the device without F-VFP.
C60/<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis(1-naphthyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine:MoO3 as the interconnection layer for high efficient tandem blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2013)

The high efficient tandem blue fluorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the transparent interconnection layer (ICL) of fullerence (C<sub>60</sub>)/Molybdenum oxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>)-doped <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(1-naphthyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB) were presented. A stack consisting of 0.5 nm of LiF and 1 nm of Ca, which is located from C<sub>60</sub> to adjacent electron transporting layer is used as an electron injection layer. The experiment results indicate that the luminance of the tandem device is basically equal to that of the traditional single-unit device, but the current density of the tandem device is much less than that of the single-unit device under a same luminance. The current efficiency and the maximal power efficiency of tandem device with LiF/Ca/C<sub>60</sub>/NPB:MoO<sub>3</sub>/MoO<sub>3</sub>-based interconnection layer have been approximately enhanced by 250% and 126%, respectively. In addition, we also analyze that the mechanism of the efficiency enhancement is ascribed to the effective charge separation and transport of the ICL in tandem OLEDs.
Microbial Population Structures in the Deep Marine Biosphere (2007)

The analytical power of environmental DNA sequences for modeling microbial ecosystems depends on accurate assessments of population structure, including diversity (richness) and relative abundance (evenness). We investigated both aspects of population structure for microbial communities at two neighboring hydrothermal vents by examining the sequences of more than 900,000 microbial small-subunit ribosomal RNA amplicons. The two vent communities have different population structures that reflect local geochemical regimes. Descriptions of archaeal diversity were nearly exhaustive, but despite collecting an unparalleled number of sequences, statistical analyses indicated additional bacterial diversity at every taxonomic level. We predict that hundreds of thousands of sequences will be necessary to capture the vast diversity of microbial communities, and that different patterns of evenness for both high- and low-abundance taxa may be important in defining microbial ecosystem dynamics.
Some experiments on speech vector quantisation at variable low bit rate (1988)

Some experiments on the vector quantisation of the LPC coefficients of the speech signal are described which lead to a proposed method for reducing the average bit rate by reordering the codebook.
A 1Mb DRAM with 33MHz serial I/O ports (1986)

THIS PAPER WILL DESCRIBE a 1Mb image memory, 256k x 4 DRAM with 30ns bit rate serial I/O ports with special features for TV or VCR image display applications.
HER2 Therapy — An Abundance of Riches (2011)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a distinct subset of breast cancer characterized by overexpression of the HER2 protein. Clinically, HER2-positive tumors are associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor outcomes. With the introduction of trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, significant improvements in survival were observed in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and in patients with early-stage disease.1,2 Despite the practice-changing impact of trastuzumab and the substantial improvement in outcomes, patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer ultimately die from the disease.A number of strategies have been developed to deal with . . .
A 240 W push-pull GaAs power FET for W-CDMA base stations (2002)

A 240 W power FET for cellular base stations of a next generation system has been developed. The FET consists of four 60 W chips, which were fabricated by using our high efficiency and low distortion device technique, combined in a push-pull configuration. The developed FET achieved 240 W (53.8 dBm) output power, 11.2 dB linear gain and 54% power-added efficiency at 2.14 GHz. This is the highest output power device using GaAs FET technology.
Meeting Deepwater Challenges with High Performance Water Based Mud (2006)

Market forces and a declining trend in reserves dictate that operators are increasingly forced to drill exploratory wells in deeper offshore waters. Over the past decade, this activity has created a demand for new drilling fluids technologies to address the challenges faced in such hostile environments and several innovative approaches have evolved. The technical challenges faced by deepwater drilling fluids typically include pressure control problems owing to compressibility effects, hole cleaning issues, gas solubility, problems with in-situ gas hydrates and high potential for downhole losses owing to a narrow margin between ECD and formation breakdown. In the worst case this can lead to ultimate failure to meet the primary drilling objectives. Conventional invert emulsion fluids can be carefully managed to deliver on many of these applications and much has been made of the benefits of OBMs which exhibit less variance in measured viscosity under extremes of pressure and temperature. However, these options do not address the primary shortfalls derived from running OBM in deepwater, nor do they possess the environmental attributes sought by regulatory bodies and operators alike. This paper discusses the features and benefits of running a state of the art High Performance Water Based Mud (HPWBM) in combination with engineering excellence in deepwater. It includes detailed case histories of applications in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Australia and the Turkish Black Sea where the HPWBM was used as an alternative to OBM in some of the most technically challenging wells in environmentally sensitive drilling areas.
Deletion and Translocation Involving Chromosome 3(p14) in Two Tumorigenic Kaposi's Sarcoma Cell Lines (1996)

Future research should focus on the identification cytogenetic markers, thus facilitating generation of specific molecular probes for detecting neoplastic cells early in the disease process.
Acoustic Detection and Tracking of a Class I UAS with a Small Tetrahedral Microphone Array (2014)

Abstract : An analysis of detection and tracking performance for a Class I unmanned aircraft system (UAS) measured with a small tetrahedral microphone array was performed. Detection and tracking algorithms were implemented using beamforming and adaptive Kalman filters. The performance of a coherent energy-based detection algorithm implemented with a delay and sum beamforming algorithm was assessed using receiver operation characteristics (ROC) curves. Angle tracking was implemented using an adaptive Kalman filter with input from a filter and sum beamforming algorithm. For good signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR), the estimated azimuth angles had good agreement with ground truth data, but the estimated elevation angles were underestimated inaccurately by a scale factor.
Scatter Removal In Digital X-Ray Images By Combined Monte Carlo And Analytical Techniques (1989)

The scatter point spread function (PSF) is determined for various geometries in diagnostic two dimensional projection imaging, using Monte Carlo (MC) techniques designed to take into account polychromatic spectra (at 100 kVp) and multiple scattering directions and histories. With the knowledge of the primary photon fraction, a total normalized system PSF (primary plus scatter) is derived for each case using analytical and numerical techniques. Numerical Hankel transformation of the PSF profile provides a frequency domain filter that is inverted and applied to experimentally acquired images of a homogeneous lucite phantom matching the MC simulation geometry and technique. Frequency domain processing of the scatter degraded images, followed by inverse transformation, results in images with the scatter component accurately removed in most cases, except for a DC offset. A semi-analytic neural network derived PSF is also used on experimental images, demonstrating similar results as the MC derived filter with the added benefit of time efficient implementation on a case by case basis.
[Immunologic in vivo and in vitro studies on Echinacea extracts]. (1988)

Ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia roots were examined for immunological activity in the carbon clearance test with mice and in the granulocyte test. In the in vivo experiment all extracts, administered orally, were found to enhance phagocytosis significantly. These results correlate with the stimulation of phagocytosis in the in vitro granulocyte test. The lipophilic fractions of the extracts appeared to be more active than the polar fractions. All extracts were analyzed by HPLC in order to correlate the chemical constituents with the immunological activities.
A signal analysis algorithm for determining brain compliance non-invasively (2005)

Patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by hydrocephalus or brain injury have poor brain compliance or increased brain stiffness. The condition is commonly treated by a surgical diversion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. These inserted devices frequently fail and require replacement. Assessment of failed devices typically requires an invasive surgical procedure to implant an ICP sensor. Brain compliance can be determined non-invasively by comparing the intracranial pressure (ICP) waveform to the digital artery waveform. The ICP waveform is derived from a piezo sensor snugged into the external ear canal and worn as a headset. The digital artery waveform is derived from a stand pulse oximeter. Digital signal processing performed on sampled data from these two sensors shows a time-lag or phase relationship between the two waves which widens with worsening brain stiffness or compliance. An algorithm is presented that shows how these signals can be used to compute brain compliance. An instrument designed to calculate real-time brain compliance to aid healthcare professionals is described.