gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage: Results of a full-scale field demonstration (1997)

A porous reactive wall was installed in August, 1995, to treat mine drainage flowing within an aquifer at the Nickel Rim mine site, near Sudbury, Ontario. The reactive mixture was designed to maximize removal of metals and acid generating capacity from the groundwater by enhancing sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation. The installed structure, composed of a mixed organic substrate, is 15 meters long, 3.6 meters deep and the flow path length (wall width) is 4 meters. Results of sampling nine months after installation, indicate that sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation is occurring. Comparing the chemistry of water entering the wall to treated water exiting the wall nine months after installation: SO{sub 4} concentrations decrease by >50% (from 2400-4800 mg/L to 60-3600 mg/L), Fe concentrations decrease by >95% (from 260-1300 mg/L to 1.0-40 mg/L), pH increased from 5.8 to 7.0 and alkalinity increased from 0-60 mg/L to 700-3200 mg/L as CaCO{sub 3}. After passing through the reactive wall, the net acid generating potential of the aquifer water was converted from acid producing to acid consuming.
Longitudinal Electrooptic Effects and Photosensitivities of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films (1989)

The feasibility of storing and reading high‐density optical information in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films depends on both the longitudinal electrooptic coefficients and the photosensitivities of the films. This paper describes the methods used to measure the longitudinal electrooptic effects and the photosensitivities of the films. The results of these measurements were used to evaluate a longitudinal quadratic electrooptic R coefficient, a longitudinal linear electrooptic r c coefficient, and the wavelength dependence of the photosensitivity of a composition of PZT polycrystalline thin film. The longitudinal electrooptic R and r c coefficients are about an order of magnitude less than the transverse R and r c coefficients of bulk ceramics of similar compositions. This is attributed to clamping of the film by the rigid substrate. The large birefringence of the films after poling (>10 −2 ) suggests that the optic axes of the films are preferentially oriented normal to the film surface. The techniques used in this paper for evaluating the photosensitivities of thin films are based on measuring the photocurrent generated rather than the reduction in coercive voltage (as in bulk ceramics) when the film is exposed to light. The thin film photosensitivities appear to be significantly higher than those of bulk ceramics of similar compositions. The high photosensitivities coupled with the substantial longitudinal electrooptic coefficients combine to establish the feasibility of using PZT or PLZT thin films for optical information storage applications.
Infection of human T lymphotropic virus-I-specific immune T cell clones by human T lymphotropic virus-I. (1986)

Human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-specific T cell lines were established and cloned. K5, an OKT8+ clone bearing multiple proviral integration sites, retained its HTLV-I-specific cytotoxicity and a normal dependence on interleukin 2 (IL-2), indicating that there is a finite number of transforming integration sites. R2, an OKT4+ HTLV-I-infected clone, initially mounted a proliferative response to HTLV-I; but then its IL-2-independent proliferation increased and the antigen specificity was lost. All HTLV-I-infected clones tested including K7, another OKT8+ transformed cytotoxic clone that had lost its reactivity, expressed comparable levels of T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR-beta) messenger (m)RNA. Although clones K5 and K7 had different functional properties, they had the same rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that they had the same clonal origin. These data indicate that HTLV-I-specific T cells retain their immune reactivity for variable periods of time following infection, but then usually lose it; in some cases, however, no alteration in function can be detected. The data also suggest that different consequences can take place in the same clone depending on the pattern of retroviral infection.
Using first-class contexts to realize dynamic software updates (2011)

Applications that need to be updated but cannot be easily restarted must be updated at run-time. We evaluate the reflective facilities of Smalltalk with respect to dynamic software and the state-of-the-art in this field. We conclude that while fine for debugging, the existing reflective facilities are not appropriate for dynamically updating production systems under constant load. We propose to enable dynamic updates by introducing first-class contexts as a mechanism to allow multiple versions of objects to coexist. Object states can be dynamically migrated from one context to another, and can be kept in sync with the help of bidirectional transformations. We demonstrate our approach with ActiveContext, an extension of Smalltalk with first-class contexts. ActiveContext eliminates the need for a system to be quiescent for it to be updated. ActiveContext is realized in Pinocchio, an experimental Smalltalk implementation that fully reifies the VM to enable radical extensions. We illustrate dynamic updates in ActiveContext with a typical use case, present initial benchmarks, and discuss future performance improvements.
Antibody-dependent alternative pathway killing of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1984)

The bactericidal activities of human complement and human antibody directed against specific Haemophilus influenzae type b cell surface determinants were investigated. Strain Eagan, a laboratory isolate, and strain Kn, a clinical isolate, were used as the test organisms and gave qualitatively similar results. In the absence of antibody, both isolates were resistant to killing by 60% agammaglobulinemic serum (AGS) containing normal complement levels. The addition of affinity-purified immunoglobulin G anticapsular antibody was bactericidal with 15% AGS as the complement source. Bactericidal activity was also demonstrated with this antibody when the complement source was AGS-Mg-EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid], C2-deficient human serum (alternative complement pathway), or AGS in which factor D and properdin had been selectively inactivated (classical pathway). Immunoglobulin G fractions from a human serum pool or from serum from an adult who had recovered from H. influenzae type b (Kn) sepsis were absorbed to remove anticapsular antibody. The absorbed fractions containing noncapsular antibodies also activated complement-dependent bactericidal activity. But, in contrast to the results with anticapsular antibody, noncapsular antibodies did not elicit alternative pathway bactericidal activity. Incubation of cells of H. influenzae type b in C2-deficient serum or AGS-Mg-EGTA did not cause complement consumption (total hemolytic complement and C3). The addition of immunoglobulin G anticapsular antibody (but not noncapsular antibody) increased consumption of total complement and C3, paralleling the results of the bactericidal assays. These studies demonstrated an absolute requirement for anticapsular antibody in alternative pathway activation and killing of H. influenzae type b.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultra-low-power 2.4 GHz Colpitts oscillator based on double feedback technique (2013)

This paper presents an oscillator design technique for low-power applications. The circuit is based on the common-gate Colpitts oscillator with additional positive feedback provided by an inductive gate degeneration. This technique decreases the required transconductance to start-up oscillations, which makes possible to reduce the power consumption. Two prototypes were designed in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The first one presents an oscillating frequency of 2.52 GHz with a phase noise of −122.5 dBc/Hz at a 3 MHz offset frequency and consumes 120.8 μW. The other oscillator has a power consumption of 1 mW and oscillates at 2.38 GHz with a phase noise of −132.7 dBc/Hz at a 3 MHz offset.
Aeroloads and Secondary Flows in a Transonic Mixed-Flow Turbine Stage (1993)

A numerical simulation of a transonic mixed-flow turbine stage has been carried out using an average passage Navier–Stokes analysis. The mixed-flow turbine stage considered here consists of a transonic nozzle vane and a highly loaded rotor. The simulation was run at the design pressure ratio and is assessed by comparing results with those of an established throughflow design system. The three-dimensional aerodynamic loads are studied as well as the development and migration of secondary flows and their contribution to the total pressure loss. The numerical results indicate that strong passage vortices develop in the nozzle vane, mix out quickly, and have little impact on the rotor flow. The rotor is highly loaded near the leading edge. Within the rotor passage, strong spanwise flows and other secondary flows exist along with the tip leakage vortex. The rotor exit loss distribution is similar in character to that found in radial inflow turbines. The secondary flows and nonuniform work extraction also tend to redistribute a nonuniform inlet total temperature profile significantly by the exit of the stage.
Switched reluctance motors with segmental rotors (2002)

The magnetic design of switched reluctance motors is examined and an alternative design presented in which the rotor is made from a series of discrete segments. Single-phase machines are initially examined and design rules established. Predictions of airgap force density are presented as a function of electric loading and compared with toothed rotor equivalents. It is shown that much greater force densities are theoretically possible with the segmental design. The authors then proceed to apply the concepts developed to a three-phase configuration, which shows particular advantages. Measured test results from a three-phase machine are presented and compared with a conventional switched reluctance motor of the same dimensions, revealing both the advantages and disadvantages of the segmental rotor configuration.
Room-Temperature Construction of Mixed-Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots with High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield (2018)

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are attractive potential materials for high-performance optoelectronics because of their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), narrow emission widths, and tunable optical band gap. Hot injection is considered as a common method and is widely used for the preparation of the QDs. However, it suffers from the problems of time consumption and high cost for the mixed-halide CsPb(XY)3 (XY is a combination of Cl and Br or Br and I) QDs because of its cumbersome preparation of precursors with different halide proportions. Here, the mixed-halide CsPb(XY)3 QDs were synthesized by a simple and efficient way of mixing the single-halide CsPbX3 (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, and I) QDs stock solutions at room temperature. By modulating the ratio of stock solutions precisely, the cubic crystal structure of mixed-halide CsPb(XY)3 QDs are obtained undergoing anion-exchange and lattice reconstruction processes. The room-temperature construction of QDs showed excellent properties of bright PL with the emission peaks tunable over the entire visible light spectra, a narrow full width at half-maximum , and high PLQY, which compare favorably with the QDs prepared by the conventional hot-injection method. Furthermore, backlight light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using the mixed-halide QDs cooperated with a commercial 365 nm PL emitting InGaN chip. The QD-assisted LEDs presented the pure and bright emission, as well as the long-term stability (∼3600 h) under an average relative humidity of 60%.
The Combustion Process in a DI Diesel Hydraulic Free Piston Engine (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In a free piston engine the piston is neither connected to a crankshaft mechanism nor to any other kinematic system. Instead the piston movement is determined by the free forces that act upon it. This difference between the kinematic principle of the crankshaft engine and the free piston principle has a significant influence on the combustion process.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper the combustion process in a free piston engine is described on the basis of experiments. The experimental data were obtained from measurements on the free piston engine that has been developed by the Dutch company Innas.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This article discusses the influence of the free piston principle on cold start, ignition delay, heat release, heat transfer, indicated efficiency and emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the optimum point the engine has an indicated efficiency of 51%, a NOx emission of 6 gr/kWhi and a soot emission corresponding to a Bosch Filter Number of less than 0.5. The combustion process of the free piston engine is furthermore characterised by a nearly constant volume combustion process.</div>
Adenovirus type 2 VAI RNA transcription by polymerase III is blocked by sequence-specific methylation (1991)

Sequence-specific methylation of the promoter and adjacent regions in mammalian genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II leads to the inhibition of these genes. So far, RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes have not been investigated in depth. We therefore studied methylation effects on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed VAI gene of adenovirus type 2 DNA. The VAI gene contains 20 5'-CG-3' dinucleotides, of which 4 (20%) can be methylated by HpaII (5'-CCGG-3') and HhaI (5'-GCGC-3'). Three of these 5'-CG-3' sequences are located close to the internal regulatory region of the VAI segment. An unmethylated, a 5'-CCGG-3'- and 5'-GCGC-3'-methylated, and a 5'-CG-3'-methylated pUC18 construct containing the VAI and VAII regions were transfected into mammalian cells. In many experiments, an inactivating effect of 5'-CCGG-3' and 5'-GCGC-3' DNA methylation on the VAI region was not observed. In contrast, methylation of all 20 5'-CG-3' sequences in the VAI region by a CpG-specific DNA methyltransferase from Spiroplasma species did interfere with VAI transcription. Transcription of the VAI- and VAII- and of the VAI-containing constructs was also shown to be inhibited in an in vitro cell-free transcription system after the constructs had been methylated at the 5'-CCGG-3' and 5'-GCGC-3' sequences or at all 5'-CG-3' sequences. When an oligodeoxyribonucleotide which carried the internal control block A of the VAI region was methylated at three 5'-CG-3' sequences, the formation of a complex with HeLa nuclear proteins was abrogated. The results presented support the notion that the VAI gene transcribed by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III is also inactivated by methylation of the decisive 5'-CG-3' sequences.
An adaptive, memory-efficient and fast algorithm for Huffman decoding and its implementation (2009)

This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm for Huffman decoding and its implementation based on Single-side Growing Huffman Coding approach which provides a memory efficient and highspeed decoding algorithm. The search time of the proposed algorithm for finding a symbol is [CL/4] where CL is the code length of the corresponding symbol. This algorithm is applied for MP3 decoding. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is applicable to all applications using Huffman decoding.
Dynamics of Nd : YAG laser annealing of silicon on sapphire (1979)

Epitaxial and polycrystalline silicon layers on sapphire have been annealed with Q-switch pulses from a Nd : YAG laser irradiated on the Si surface. Time-resolved optical reflectivity measurements have been performed. The annealing process is shown to be induced by melting and subsequent epitaxial regrowth. The best results were obtained if the whole Si layer was melted, thus allowing the (11̄02) oriented sapphire substrate to act as a seed for recrystallization. In this case commercially available Si-on-sapphire (SOS) wafers with additional Si implantation as well as polycrystalline layers of low-pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) Si on sapphire could be epitaxially regrown. The same material deposited on amorphous SiO2 did not show epitaxial regrowth, however an increase in size of randomly orientated grains from 60 nm to 1 μm could be achieved.
Immobilized DNA Aptamers as Target-Specific Chiral Stationary Phases for Resolution of Nucleoside and Amino Acid Derivative Enantiomers (2004)

Recently, we described the use of a DNA aptamer as a new target-specific chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the separation of oligopeptide enantiomers (Michaud, M.; Jourdan, E.; Villet, A.; Ravel, A.; Grosset, C.; Peyrin, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 8672). However, from a practical point of view, it was fundamental to extend the applicability of such target-specific aptamer CSP to the resolution of small (bioactive) molecule enantiomers. In this paper, immobilized DNA aptamers specifically selected against D-adenosine and L-tyrosinamide were used to resolve the enantiomers by HPLC, using microbore columns. At 20 degrees C, the adenosine enantioseparation was similar to that classically reported with imprinted CSPs (approximately 3.5) while a very high enantioselectivity was observed for the tyrosinamide enantiomers (the nontarget enantiomer was essentially nonretained on the CSP). The influence of temperature on solute binding and chiral discrimination was analyzed. The binding enthalpic contributions were determined from linear van't Hoff plots. Very large DeltaH values were obtained for the target enantiomers (-71.4 +/- 0.7 kJ/mol for D-adenosine and -139.4 +/- 2.0 kJ/mol for L-tyrosinamide). Such values were consistent with the formation of a tight complex between these analytes and the aptamer CSPs. This work demonstrates that target-specific aptamer CSPs constitute a powerful tool for the resolution of small (bioactive) molecule enantiomers.
Some Relations between the Chemical Constitution of Cibacron Dyes and their Dyeing Characteristics (1960)

The early history of the reactive dyes and the requirements for practical application are discussed. The structural elements of Cibacron reactive dyes are indicated, and the dyeing properties of such dyes of the azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine groups are correlated with their chemical constitution. Reference is made to the advantage of using a special detergent for washing off reactive dyeings produced with phthalocyanine derivatives.
<i>Autoxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Plasma</i> (1956)

A correlation has been made in human plasma between autoxidation as determined manometrically, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids as determined spectrophotometrically. From this it is possible to formulate an empirical curve by which one may estimate the total polyethenoid acids in less than 1 milliliter of human plasma. The procedure has the advantage that it is quick and simple, but the limitation that it does not give direct information about the individual polyunsaturated fatty acids. Submitted on February 24, 1956
A design of Twin VQ audio-codec for personal communication systems (2002)

An improved design for a transform-domain weighted interleave vector quantization (Twin VQ) audio-codec is proposed that is applicable to personal communication systems. Twin VQ is a low-bit-rate audio-coding method that achieves high-quality under error-free conditions, at less than 64 kbit/s. To make this method applicable to wireless systems, which have a higher bit-error rate due to inferior transfer conditions, the Twin VQ coding algorithm has been improved. About 90% of Twin VQ encoded bits were found to be insensitive to channel errors, so using the BS-FEC method, error protection is weighted to the sensitive bits. Subjective evaluation tests showed that Twin VQ with BS-FEC maintains good quality over, high bit-error-rate channels.
Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic Concentrations in Soil Underneath CCA-Treated Wood Structures (2003)

Abstract Soils below nine structures (decks and foot bridges) in Florida were examined to evaluate potential impacts from chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a common wood preservative. Eight of the nine structures were confirmed to have been treated with CCA. Soils collected were evaluated for arsenic, chromium, and copper concentrations as well as pH, volatile solids content and particle size distribution. Two types of soil samples were collected: a soil core and surface soil samples (upper 2.5 cm). One soil core was collected from below each deck and one control core was collected from an area removed from one of the structures. Eight or nine surface soil samples were collected in a grid-like fashion from beneath each structure. Equal numbers of surface control samples were collected from areas away from the structures. Metal concentrations were elevated in both the soil cores and surface samples collected from below the CCA-treated structures. Core samples showed elevated concentrations of metals at depths up to 20 cm. The arithmetic mean concentrations of arsenic, chromium, and copper in the 65 surface soil samples collected from below CCA-treated structures were 28.5 mg/kg, 31.1 mg/kg, and 37.2 mg/kg, respectively, whereas the mean concentrations of arsenic, chromium, and copper in the control samples were 1.34 mg/kg, 8.62 mg/kg, and 6.05 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic concentrations exceeded Florida's risk-based soil cleanup target level (SCTL) for residential settings in all 65 surface soil samples. The industrial setting SCTL was exceeded in 62 of the 65 samples. Keywords: chromated copper arsenate CCA treated wood soil contamination arsenic chromium copper heavy metals
Fair multi-branch locking of several locks (1997)

Intravenous administration of pefloxacin 400 mg twice daily rapidly decontaminated the bowel from Gram-negative bacilli in ten healthy volunteers. The faecal concentrations of enterococci and yeasts did not change significantly. Further, pefloxacin did not facilitate colonization of the bowel by a highly resistant challenge strain (Klebsiella pneumoniae, MIC = 56 mg/l). The diffusible faecal concentration of pefloxacin was between 110 and 260 mg/l in all samples from day 3 of treatment onwards. It is concluded that parenteral administration of pefloxacin is very effective for decontamination of the bowel from Gram-negative bacilli and provides reliable prophylaxis against colonization of the bowel by highly resistant Gram-negative bacilli ingested with food.
A new 'gravity-flow' nipple for feeding infants with congenital cleft palate. (1983)

Infants with congenital cleft palate are generally unable to suck a regular nipple because the free flow of air through the cleft via the nose immediately decompresses the negative pressure of sucking. For many years, infants with cleft palate have usually been fed by depositing formula directly into the pharynx with a short rubber tube attached to the end of a bulb syringe, or with a medicine dropper, or with some makeshift modification of a nipple. A nipple has been designed which when attached to a squeezable plastic bottle (Figure) uses the same gravity-flow principle as the bulb syringe method, yet is more aesthetically appealing, is more readily accepted by the mother, and is so similar in appearance to the usual nipple and bottle that the feeding technique is easily understood and mastered.