gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The lactone precursor in fresh milk fat: Identification of the hydroxy fatty acids (1967)

A series of hydroxy fatty acids was identified from a polar glyceride milk-fat fraction. These acids were identified as trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether methyl ester derivatives. Identification was achieved by mass spectral analysis and comparison of gas chromatographic retention times with authentic compounds. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the TMS ether methyl esters were obtained, and correlation of important ions for structural identifications were made. In addition, semiquantitative data are presented.
<i>orpk</i> mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization (2004)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) includes a group of disorders that are characterized by the presence of cysts in the kidney and other organs, including the pancreas. Here we show that in orpk mice, a model system for PKD that harbors a mutation in the gene that encodes the polaris protein, pancreatic defects start to occur at the end of gestation, with an initial expansion of the developing pancreatic ducts. Ductal dilation continues rapidly after birth and results in the formation of large, interconnected cysts. Expansion of pancreatic ducts is accompanied by apoptosis of neighboring acinar cells, whereas endocrine cell differentiation and islet formation appears to be unaffected. Polaris has been shown to co-localize with primary cilia, and these structures have been implicated in the formation of renal cysts. In the orpk pancreas, cilia numbers are reduced and cilia length is decreased. Expression of polycystin-2, a protein involved in PKD, is mislocalized in orpk mice. Furthermore, the cellular localization of beta-catenin, a protein involved in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling, is altered. Thus, polaris and primary cilia function are required for the maturation and maintenance of proper tissue organization in the pancreas.
MOS active attenuators for analog ICs and their applications to finite gain amplifiers (2002)

A MOS active summing voltage attenuator along with the voltage attenuator proposed before by the authors form a set of attenuators particularly useful in analog monolithic applications. The performance of a finite gain amplifier employing the MOS active attenuator is discussed. Large signal and small signal multiple input monolithic finite gain summing and subtracting amplifiers employing the attenuators are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of serum cardiac specific troponin‐I with creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB isoenzyme, tropomyosin, myoglobin and C‐reactive protein release in marathon runners: cardiac or skeletal muscle trauma? (1987)

Problems arise in distinguishing skeletal from cardiac muscle trauma on the basis of serum enzyme tests following severe muscle exercise. The contributions of cardiac and skeletal sources have been assessed in eleven marathon runners by measuring pre- and post-race serum levels of cardiac-specific myofibrillar troponin-I together with total creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, myoglobin, myofibrillar tropomyosin and C-reactive protein. Total creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, tropomyosin and myoglobin were significantly elevated above pre-race levels in all runners between 1 h and 128 h post-race. Neither mean cardiac troponin-I nor C-reactive protein was elevated post-race. Nine out of sixty-three samples fulfilled conventional positive criteria for cardiac muscle damage on the basis of combined creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels. Six runners had one or more positive samples. No samples had levels above twice the upper normal limit for either cardiac troponin-I or C-reactive protein. Correlation analysis of levels in each sample indicated skeletal and not cardiac muscle as the source of raised serum protein.
Irradiation of MIS Capacitors with High Energy Electrons (1966)

High-energy electron bombardment of Me-SiO2-Si and Me-Si3N4-Si capacitors has been investigated by means of C-V and G-V measurements. The bombardment usually results in the introduction of positive charge into the insulator. This effect is explained by a physical model which involves interaction of secondary electrons with the insulator lattice to generate electron-hole pairs and predominant trapping of holes in the insulator. Dependence of radiation sensitivity on initial surface state density, gate thickness, oxidation procedure, surface orientation, bombardment bias, and previous radiation history, as well as the annealing behavior was studied.
Doubly Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Bimodally Distributed Silver Nanoparticles (2012)

Growth of bimodally distributed silver nanoparticles using sequential physical vapour deposition (PVD) is reported. Growth conditions of nanoparticles are defined in the following three steps: In the first step, nanoparticles are grown at a heated substrate and then exposed to atmosphere, in the second step, nanoparticles are vacuum annealed and finally re-deposition of silver is performed in the third step. This special way of deposition leads to the formation of bimodally distributed nanoparticles. It has been investigated that by changing the deposition time, different sets of bimodally distributed nanoparticles can be grown. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of such bimodally distributed nanoparticles generates double plasmon resonance peaks with overlapped absorption spectra. Double plasmon resonance peaks provide a quick indication of the existence of two sets of nanoparticles. LSPR spectra of such bimodally distributed nanoparticles could be modeled with double Lorentz oscillator model. Inclusion of double Lorentz oscillator model indicates that there exist two sets of non-interacting nanoparticles resonating at different plasma frequencies. It is also reported that silver nanoparticles grown at a heated substrate, again attain the new shape while being exposed to atmosphere, followed by vacuum annealing at the same temperature. This is because of physisorption of oxygen at the silver surface and change in surface free energy. The re-shaping due to the adsorbed oxygen on the surface is responsible for bimodal size distribution of nanoparticles.
A patient with headache and increased intracranial pressure. (2008)

These 2 cases presented with acutely raised intracranial pressure and had characteristic CT and MRI changes.
Dynamic population mapping using mobile phone data (2014)

During the past few decades, technologies such as remote sensing, geographical information systems, and global positioning systems have transformed the way the distribution of human population is studied and modeled in space and time. However, the mapping of populations remains constrained by the logistics of censuses and surveys. Consequently, spatially detailed changes across scales of days, weeks, or months, or even year to year, are difficult to assess and limit the application of human population maps in situations in which timely information is required, such as disasters, conflicts, or epidemics. Mobile phones (MPs) now have an extremely high penetration rate across the globe, and analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of MP calls geolocated to the tower level may overcome many limitations of census-based approaches, provided that the use of MP data is properly assessed and calibrated. Using datasets of more than 1 billion MP call records from Portugal and France, we show how spatially and temporarily explicit estimations of population densities can be produced at national scales, and how these estimates compare with outputs produced using alternative human population mapping methods. We also demonstrate how maps of human population changes can be produced over multiple timescales while preserving the anonymity of MP users. With similar data being collected every day by MP network providers across the world, the prospect of being able to map contemporary and changing human population distributions over relatively short intervals exists, paving the way for new applications and a near real-time understanding of patterns and processes in human geography.
PVC in communications cable (1985)

Abstract PVC has a balance of properties that makes it the predominant material used in cable and wire for building applications. The primary reason PVC is used is to satisfy the need for fire resistance. Its electrical properties are adequate for nearly all communications applications in buildings.
PACC: a directive-based programming framework for out-of-core stencil computation on accelerators (2018)

We present a directive-based programming framework, i.e., the pipelined accelerator (PACC), to accelerate large-scale stencil computation on an accelerator device, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). PACC provides a collection of extended OpenACC directives to facilitate out-of-core stencil computation accelerated using temporal blocking. The proposed framework includes a source-to-source translator capable of generating an out-of-core OpenACC code from the PACC code, i.e., large data is automatically decomposed into smaller chunks that are processed using limited capacity device memory. The generated code is optimised using a temporal blocking technique to minimise CPU-GPU data transfer. Furthermore, the code is accelerated using a multithreaded pipeline engine that maximises data copy throughput and overlaps GPU execution and data transfer. In experiments, we applied the proposed translator to three stencil computation codes. The out-of-core performance for 107 GB data on an NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU with 12 GB memory reached 69.3 GFLOPS, which is 17% less than the in-core performance for 8 GB data. We believe that the proposed directive-based approach can be used to facilitate out-of-core stencil computation on a GPU.
Receiving System (1961)

A tracking horn-reflector antenna, a maser preamplifier (or standby parametric preamplifier), and a special FM demodulator were combined to form a low-noise receiving system which was used to achieve a high-quality voice circuit via the Echo I passive satellite. This paper describes the 2390-MC receiving system located at Holmdel, New Jersey.
Score based biometric template selection (2008)

A biometric identification procedure usually contains two stages: registration and authentication. Most biometric systems capture multiple samples of the same biometric trait (e.g., eight impressions of a person’s left index finger) at the stage of registration. As a result, it is essential to select several samples as templates. This paper proposes two algorithms maximum match scores (MMS) and greedy maximum match scores (GMMS) based on match scores for template selection. The proposed algorithms need not involve the specific details about the biometric data. Therefore, they are more flexible and can be used in various biometric systems. The two algorithms are compared with Random and sMDIST on the database of FVC2006DB1A, and the experimental results show that the proposed approaches can improve the accuracy of biometric system efficiently.
Total Synthesis of the Aspercyclides (2009)

Two different approaches to the eleven-membered biaryl ether lactones of the aspercyclide family are disclosed. The core regions of these highly strained targets, which are able to interfere with the binding of immunoglobulin E to its high affinity receptor, can either be forged by ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) or by a highly diastereoselective chromium-mediated Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction. Whereas the RCM approach turned out to be responsive to minor changes in the substitution pattern of the substrate, the NHK route is more generally applicable. The preparation of the required cyclization precursor 43 hinged on a palladium-catalyzed ortho-iodination reaction of 2-methylbenzoic acid, an efficient copper-catalyzed Ullmann coupling, and a Takai-Utimoto olefination as the key steps. Moreover, the esterification of the 2,6-disubstituted benzoic acid 34 with the sterically hindered secondary alcohol 37 was far from trivial. However, this and related transformations were accomplished by recourse to the corresponding acid fluorides, which provided excellent yields in cases in which the more commonly used acid chlorides or mixed anhydrides failed to afford any of the desired products.
ROAD AND DRIVER MONITORING SYSTEM (2014)

In this work we present a driver and road monitoring system capable of scaling to the number of drivers in any region without incurring the high costs of implementation, thus allowing for safer driving conditions and shorter accident response times.We propose the Smartphone Road Monitoring (SRoM) system that is capable of sensing road artifacts such as potholes and slippery roads.It is also capable of detecting aberrant driver behavior such as speeding and drifting.This system uses both the driver's smartphone and vehicle as the main source of information.The information is collected through crowdsourcing and processed by a base station giving faster and more accurate responses compared to current systems, to address road safety related events in a timely manner.SRoM aims to accommodate various levels of reporting based on the nature of hardware available to each driver.It also allows pedestrians to share media pertaining to each event.The collected data is made available to the public through an interactive map updated with the authenticated events.Our system also incorporates the use of the vehicle's On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) device that helps with sensing road safety and vehicle health status.The OBD system acts as a streaming black box which in case of an accident gives Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel a better idea of the victims' condition and the location of the accident and allows police a more accurate rendition of the events for insurance and litigation purposes.We implemented a prototype of the system including OBD adaptation to perform the task of safety monitoring.System evaluation of the prototype shows that the system can be easily implemented in real-life using current technologies at little cost.
Surfactant-Polymer Interaction for Improved Oil Recovery (2002)

The goal of this research was to use the interaction between a surfactant and a polymer for efficient displacement of tertiary oil by improving slug integrity, oil solubility in the displacing fluid and mobility control. Surfactant-polymer flooding has been shown to be highly effective in laboratory-scale linear floods. The focus of this proposal is to design an inexpensive surfactant-polymer mixture that can efficiently recover tertiary oil by avoiding surfactant slug degradation and viscous/heterogeneity fingering.
XLMR genes: Update 1994 (1994)

We provide a comprehensive list of all known forms of X-linked mental retardation. It comprises 127 entries, subdivided into 5 categories (syndromes, dominant disorders, metabolic disorders, neuromuscular disorders, and nonspecific mental retardation). Map location of 69 putative loci demonstrates several overlaps, which will only be resolved by more refined mapping or cloning of the respective genes. The ultimate goal of identifying all the genes on the X chromosome whose mutations cause mental retardation will require a concerted effort between clinical and molecular investigators.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Bis-Silylated Lithium Aryl Amidinates: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Gradual Transition of Coordination Mode from σ Toward π Originated by Crystal Packing Interactions (2008)

In this work nine lithium N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)amidinates−TMEDA complexes and the dimeric adduct of 2-ethylbenzonitrile lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide were synthesized and characterized. The later compound was found to be a kinetically stabilized intermediate in the amidinate formation. The solid state structures of the amidinates revealed several types of crystalline supramolecular structures, generated by the degree and nature of involvement of the amidinate π system in the intermolecular interactions. The π system was also found to play a significant role in the intramolecular bonding with the lithium atom. The π bonding is obtained at the expense of the σ bond, weakening it, while keeping the metal–ligand bond length almost invariable. This facile π interaction along with the Li−N σ-bond activation can imply that similar involvements of the π systems may take place in the salt metathesis reactions with these compounds.
Crystal Structure of the Ubiquitin-associated (UBA) Domain of p62 and Its Interaction with Ubiquitin (2011)

p62/SQSTM1/A170 is a multimodular protein that is found in ubiquitin-positive inclusions associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent findings indicate that p62 mediates the interaction between ubiquitinated proteins and autophagosomes, leading these proteins to be degraded via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. This ubiquitin-mediated selective autophagy is thought to begin with recognition of the ubiquitinated proteins by the C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of p62. We present here the crystal structure of the UBA domain of mouse p62 and the solution structure of its ubiquitin-bound form. The p62 UBA domain adopts a novel dimeric structure in crystals, which is distinctive from those of other UBA domains. NMR analyses reveal that in solution the domain exists in equilibrium between the dimer and monomer forms, and binding ubiquitin shifts the equilibrium toward the monomer to form a 1:1 complex between the UBA domain and ubiquitin. The dimer-to-monomer transition is associated with a structural change of the very C-terminal end of the p62 UBA domain, although the UBA fold itself is essentially maintained. Our data illustrate that dimerization and ubiquitin binding of the p62 UBA domain are incompatible with each other. These observations reveal an autoinhibitory mechanism in the p62 UBA domain and suggest that autoinhibition plays a role in the function of p62.
Professionalizing Legal Citation: The ALWD Citation Manual (2016)

There is widespread use of the Bluebook by practitioners, law reviews, and law schools. However, inconsistencies within the Bluebook as well as frequent new editions create problems for those trying to follow proper legal citation format or research previous case materials. Alternatively, the Association of Legal Writing Directors have created a new manual for use as a legal citation resource. This article expounds the benefits and advantages of using the ALWD rules of citation over the Bluebook.
Potential Role for a Carbohydrate Moiety in Anti-<i>Candida</i>Activity of Human Oral Epithelial Cells (2001)

Candida albicans is both a commensal and a pathogen at the oral mucosa. Although an intricate network of host defense mechanisms are expected for protection against oropharyngeal candidiasis, anti-Candida host defense mechanisms at the oral mucosa are poorly understood. Our laboratory recently showed that primary epithelial cells from human oral mucosa, as well as an oral epithelial cell line, inhibit the growth of blastoconidia and/or hyphal phases of several Candida species in vitro with a requirement for cell contact and with no demonstrable role for soluble factors. In the present study, we show that oral epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity is resistant to gamma-irradiation and is not mediated by phagocytosis, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide oxidative inhibitory pathways or by nonoxidative components such as soluble defensin and calprotectin peptides. In contrast, epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity was sensitive to heat, paraformaldehyde fixation, and detergents, but these treatments were accompanied by a significant loss in epithelial cell viability. Treatments that removed existing membrane protein or lipid moieties in the presence or absence of protein synthesis inhibitors had no effect on epithelial cell inhibitory activity. In contrast, the epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity was abrogated after treatment of the epithelial cells with periodic acid, suggesting a role for carbohydrates. Adherence of C. albicans to oral epithelial cells was unaffected, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety is exclusively associated with the growth inhibition activity. Subsequent studies that evaluated specific membrane carbohydrate moieties, however, showed no role for sulfated polysaccharides, sialic acid residues, or glucose- and mannose-containing carbohydrates. These results suggest that oral epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity occurs exclusively with viable epithelial cells through contact with C. albicans by an as-yet-undefined carbohydrate moiety.
An Empirically-Derived Question Taxonomy for Task-Oriented Tutorial Dialogue (2009)

Devising an expressive question taxonomy is a central problem in question generation. Through examination of a corpus of human-human task- oriented tutoring, we have found that existing question taxonomies do not capture all of the tutorial questions present in this form of tutoring. We propose a hierarchical question classification scheme for tutorial questions in which the top level corresponds to the tutor's goal and the second level corresponds to the question type. The application of this hierarchical classification scheme to a corpus of keyboard-to-keyboard tutoring of introductory computer science yielded high inter-rater reliability, suggesting that such a scheme is appropriate for classifying tutor questions in design-oriented tutoring. We discuss numerous open issues that are highlighted by the current analysis.
Antibodies causing thrombocytopenia in patients treated with RGD-mimetic platelet inhibitors recognize ligand-specific conformers of αIIb/β3 integrin (2012)

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)–mimetic platelet inhibitors act by occupying the RGD recognition site of αIIb/β3 integrin (GPIIb/IIIa), thereby preventing the activated integrin from reacting with fibrinogen. Thrombocytopenia is a well-known side effect of treatment with this class of drugs and is caused by Abs, often naturally occurring, that recognize αIIb/β3 in a complex with the drug being administered. RGD peptide and RGD-mimetic drugs are known to induce epitopes (ligand-induced binding sites [LIBS]) in αIIb/β3 that are recognized by certain mAbs. It has been speculated, but not shown experimentally, that Abs from patients who develop thrombocytopenia when treated with an RGD-mimetic inhibitor similarly recognize LIBS determinants. We addressed this question by comparing the reactions of patient Abs and LIBS-specific mAbs against αIIb/β3 in a complex with RGD and RGD-mimetic drugs, and by examining the ability of selected non-LIBS mAbs to block binding of patient Abs to the liganded integrin. Findings made provide evidence that the patient Abs recognize subtle, drug-induced structural changes in the integrin head region that are clustered about the RGD recognition site. The target epitopes differ from classic LIBS determinants, however, both in their location and by virtue of being largely drug-specific.
Seed and seedling management. (2006)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter discusses the genetic control of seed development and physiological maturity in brassicas. It also describes some examples of germination and vigour tests and highlights their importance in the reliable prediction of seed quality and seedling vigour in brassicas.