gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hip Hop as Social Commentary in Accra and Dar es Salaam (2012)

This paper looks at the use of African hip hop as social commentary in Accra, Ghana and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Hip hop is by its definition a tool of self-expression and self-definition, and is often used as a tool of resistance. Young artists are using the platform of hip hop to speak out on a host of social and economic issues. A transcontinental conversation is now happening with artists all over Africa and the Diaspora. This paper focuses on the hip hop communities in Accra, Ghana and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Both nations have hip hop communities in which socially conscious hip hop is marginalized. In addition, the histories of these two nations are linked by their histories as battlegrounds in the struggle for Pan Africanism, non-alignment, and socialist ideals. These factors have influenced the use of hip hop for social commentary in both cities. This examination of hip hop in Accra and Dar es Salaam reveals important conversations occurring around politics and economics, on both a national and international level. Hip hop artists and the youth they represent are an important component of any social or political struggle towards progress. This research contributes to the need to engage with African hip hop culture and understand its growing implications for Africa.
Multi-Bit Read and Write Methodologies for Diode-STTRAM Crossbar Array (2016)

Crossbar arrays using emerging non-volatile memory technologies such as Resistive RAM (ReRAM) offer high density, fast access speed and low-power. However the bandwidth of the crossbar is limited to single-bit read/write per access to avoid selection of undesirable bits. We propose a technique to perform multi-bit read and write in a diode-STTRAM (Spin Transfer Torque RAM) crossbar array. Simulation shows that the biasing voltage of half-selected cells can be adjusted to improve the sense margin during read and thus reduce the sneak path through the half-selected cells. In write operation, the half-selected cells are biased with a pulse voltage source which increases the write latency of these cells and enables to write 2-bits while keeping the half-selected bits undisturbed. Simulation results indicate biasing the half-selected cells by 700mV can enable reading as much as 512-bits while sustaining 512x512 crossbar with 2.04 years retention. The 2-bit writing requires pulsing by 50mV to optimize energy.
Rapid Solid-State-Precursor Synthesis of Crystalline Boron Nitride (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Solid-State-Precursor Synthesis of Crystalline Boron NitrideLin Rao and Richard B. KanerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 15, 3210–3211Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00093a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00093a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multidirectional and multiscale edge detection via M-band wavelet transform (1996)

In this correspondence, the problem of directional and multiscale edge detection is considered. Orthogonal and linear-phase M-band wavelet transform is used to decompose the image into MxM channels. These channels are then combined such that each combination, which we refer to as decomposition filter, results in zero-crossings at the locations of edges corresponding to different directions and resolutions, and inherently performs regularization against noise. By applying a zero-crossing detector on the outputs of the decomposition filters, edge maps of desired resolution and direction are obtained. In addition, with the application of the Teager's energy operator at the analysis stage, it is possible to obtain a reduction in unwanted zero-crossings. Final edge maps of images are obtained through simple combinations of directional edge maps.
Formulas for Bed-Load transport (1948)

In the following paper, a brief summary is first of all given of the results and interpretation of tests already made known in former publications of the Laboratory for Hydraulic Research and Soil Mechanics at the Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. After that, an attempt is made to derive an empirical law of bed-load transport based on recent experimental data. We desire to state expressly that by bed-load transport is meant the movement of the solid material rolling or jumping along the bed of a river; transport of matter in suspension is not included.
Contact Analysis of a Dry Friction Clutch System (2013)

The numerical simulation of the friction clutch system (pressure plate, clutch disc, and flywheel) during the full engagement period (assuming no slipping between contact surfaces) is carried out using finite element method. Two types of load condition considered affect on the clutch elements during the full engagement period are the contact pressure of diaphragm spring and the centrifugal force. The study of the pressure distribution between the contact surfaces and the factors affecting it is one of the fundamentals in the process of designing the friction clutch to obtain accurate estimation of the temperature distribution during the slipping period and the contact stresses during the full engagement period. The investigation covers the effect of the contact stiffness factor FKN on the pressure distribution between contact surfaces, stresses, and penetration. The penalty and augmented Lagrange algorithms have been used to obtain the pressure distribution between contact surfaces. ANSYS13 software has been used to perform the numerical calculation in this paper.
Observation of Flux Reversal in a Symmetric Optical Thermal Ratchet (2005)

We demonstrate that a cycle of three holographic optical trapping patterns can implement a thermal ratchet for diffusing colloidal spheres and that the ratchet-driven transport displays flux reversal as a function of the cycle frequency and the intertrap separation. Unlike previously described ratchet models, the approach we describe involves three equivalent states, each of which is locally and globally spatially symmetric, with spatiotemporal symmetry being broken by the sequence of states.
Specifying the Colour Appearance of a Real Room (2003)

In this study, an experiment was carried out to specify the colour appearance of a real room, which was painted with the same colour on four walls except the ceiling and floor. Two colour matching methods involving small colour patches were used to describe the colour appearance of different parts of one wall under two light sources (D65 and CWF). The results were used to model the size affecting colour appearance. It was found that there were changes of perceived lightness and chroma when the physical size of the same colour sample changed from a small colour patch to the wall of a room. However the perceived hue was unchanged when the physical size changed. These size effects were found to be independent of the matching methods and light sources used. Finally a model was derived.
Questions programmers ask during software evolution tasks (2006)

Though many tools are available to help programmers working on change tasks, and several studies have been conducted to understand how programmers comprehend systems, little is known about the specific kinds of questions programmers ask when evolving a code base. To fill this gap we conducted two qualitative studies of programmers performing change tasks to medium to large sized programs. One study involved newcomers working on assigned change tasks to a medium-sized code base. The other study involved industrial programmers working on their own change tasks on code with which they had experience. The focus of our analysis has been on what information a programmer needs to know about a code base while performing a change task and also on howthey go about discovering that information. Based on this analysis we catalog and categorize 44 different kinds of questions asked by our participants. We also describe important context for how those questions were answered by our participants, including their use of tools.
Rapid unconstrained fab model using a business intelligence tool: DM: Data management and data mining tools (2016)

Semiconductor FABs operate with dynamic demand and supply changes as compared to any other industry. The industry traditionally uses spreadsheet based capacity models as well as more sophisticated tools such as Advanced Planning & Scheduling and/or Discrete Event Simulation software. While spreadsheet models are great for simple scenarios, fab managers are increasingly relying more on non-spreadsheet engines. Non-spreadsheet methods are time consuming and typically take hours to prepare data and hours to run. If the results are not acceptable, the cycle repeats. This paper attempts to present a new approach in using a state-of-the-art business intelligence (BI) tool for solving one subset of the problem which is forecasting the flow of lots in the line using an unconstrained modeling approach. Combined with the power of BI tool with a minimal backend scripting we present an approach that runs a whole fab model for many months in single digit minutes.
Prognostic factors in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study (1990)

Abstract Two hundred fifty-three children with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who were treated uniformly with modified LSA2L2 therapy, were evaluated using univariate and recursive partition analyses to define clinical or biologic features associated with risk of treatment failure. Overall event-free survival (EFS) at 4 years was 43% (SE = 4%). Factors examined included white blood cell (WBC) level, age, gender, race (black v other), presence of a mediastinal mass, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, marked lymphadenopathy, hemoglobin level, platelet count, blast cell expression of antigens such as the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10), HLA-DR, and T-cell- associated antigens (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD7, CD5, and THY). Univariate analysis showed that age less than or equal to 5 or less than or equal to 7 years, WBC level less than 10, less than 25, less than 50 or less than 100 x 10(3)/microL, and blast cell expression of CD4, CD8, or CALLA were associated with significantly better EFS, while hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were associated with worse EFS. Recursive partitioning analysis showed that the most important single favorable prognostic factor was a WBC level less than 50 x 10(3)/microL and, for patients with WBC counts below this level, the most important predictor of EFS was blast cell expression of the pan-T antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody (MoAb), L17F12 (CD5). For patients with higher WBC levels, the most important predictor of EFS was blast cell expression of THY antigen. The recursive partitioning analysis defined three groups of patients with widely varied prognoses identified as follows: (1) those with a WBC count less than 50 x 10(3)/microL who lacked massive splenomegaly and had blasts expressing CD5 had the best prognosis (66%, SE = 7%, EFS 4 years, n = 84); (2) those with (b1) WBC counts less than 50 x 10(3)/microL with either massive splenomegaly or who had blasts lacking CD5 expression, or (b2) WBC counts greater than 50 x 10(3)/microL with expression of the THY antigen had an intermediate prognosis (39%, SE = 7% EFS at 4 years, n = 94); (3) those with WBC counts greater than 50 x 10(3)/microL and whose blasts lacked expression of THY antigen had the poorest outcome (EFS = 19% at 4 years, SE = 8%, n = 63). A three-way comparison of EFS according to these groupings showed significant differences among the three patient groups (P less than .001). The recursive partitioning was able to classify 241 (95%) of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for induction of autophagy during lumen formation <i>in vitro</i> (2004)

The molecular events regulating the elimination of cells to create a hollow lumen during tissue development are poorly understood. By using an in vitro morphogenesis model in which MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells form hollow acini-like structures, we have observed both caspase-mediated apoptosis and autophagy associated with cells that are lost during lumen formation. Here, we show that the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediates induction of autophagic processes associated with lumen formation. TRAIL is up-regulated during morphogenesis of MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells in 3D basement-membrane cultures and inhibition of TRAIL signaling during morphogenesis blocks the formation of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, treatment with exogenous TRAIL induces extensive autophagy in monolayer and 3D cultures. When combined with inhibition of caspase 3 activity (by Bcl-X(L) overexpression), inhibition of TRAIL-induced autophagy results in luminal filling. Thus, TRAIL regulates an autophagic program during acinar morphogenesis, which together with caspase-mediated apoptotic events, results in lumen formation during MCF-10A morphogenesis.
Spanload optimization for strength designed lifting surfaces (1988)

A computer program has been developed that optimizes spanloads with structural weight taken into account. The program optimizes the twist distribution to minimize a combination of wing drag and weight. The wing drag is based on a Trefftz plane induced drag analysis and on an empirical profile drag estimation. The wing weight is based on a simple beam model where weight is based on bending strength design for a critical condition spanload. The program can be used to analyze multiple non-planer lifting surface configurations with realistic constraints such as trim and material limitations.
Dimensional Jump in Quantum Error Correction (2014)

Topological stabilizer codes with different spatial dimensions have complementary properties. Here I show that the spatial dimension can be switched using gauge fixing. Combining 2D and 3D gauge color codes in a 3D qubit lattice, fault-tolerant quantum computation can be achieved with constant time overhead on the number of logical gates, up to efficient global classical computation, using only local quantum operations. Single-shot error correction plays a crucial role.
Differential Deactivation during Mentalizing and Classification of Autism Based on Default Mode Network Connectivity (2012)

The default mode network (DMN) is a collection of brain areas found to be consistently deactivated during task performance. Previous neuroimaging studies of resting state have revealed reduced task-related deactivation of this network in autism. We investigated the DMN in 13 high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 14 typically developing control participants during three fMRI studies (two language tasks and a Theory-of-Mind (ToM) task). Each study had separate blocks of fixation/resting baseline. The data from the task blocks and fixation blocks were collated to examine deactivation and functional connectivity. Deficits in the deactivation of the DMN in individuals with ASD were specific only to the ToM task, with no group differences in deactivation during the language tasks or a combined language and self-other discrimination task. During rest blocks following the ToM task, the ASD group showed less deactivation than the control group in a number of DMN regions, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus. In addition, we found weaker functional connectivity of the MPFC in individuals with ASD compared to controls. Furthermore, we were able to reliably classify participants into ASD or typically developing control groups based on both the whole-brain and seed-based connectivity patterns with accuracy up to 96.3%. These findings indicate that deactivation and connectivity of the DMN were altered in individuals with ASD. In addition, these findings suggest that the deficits in DMN connectivity could be a neural signature that can be used for classifying an individual as belonging to the ASD group.
Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy (2017)

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from a majority of cell types. Exosomes play a role in healthy and pathogenic intercellular interactions via the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA. The contents and effects of exosomes vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. Exosomes secreted from some cell types, including stem cells, carry biological factors implicated in the protection, regeneration and angiogenesis of damaged tissues. Due to these properties, exosomes have attracted attention as a novel vector for regenerative therapies. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool could have applications for the treatment of many disorders characterized by chronic tissue damage. Exosomes derived from stem cells could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus. The immunomodulatory and reparative properties of stem cell-derived exosomes could protect or even restore an early-stage type 1 diabetic patient's original islets from autoimmune destruction. Exosomes could also possibly suppress graft rejection of pancreatic islet transplants. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the treatment of diabetes mellitus using exosome-based therapies be further explored. Development of novel therapies using exosomes is slowed by a limited understanding of their mechanisms. This hurdle must be overcome to pave the way for clinical trials and ultimately the adaptation of exosomes as a therapeutic vector.
A system dynamics model integrating physiology and biochemical regulation predicts extent of crassulacean acid metabolism (<scp>CAM</scp>) phases (2013)

A system dynamics (SD) approach was taken to model crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) expression from measured biochemical and physiological constants. SD emphasizes state-dependent feedback interaction to describe the emergent properties of a complex system. These mechanisms maintain biological systems with homeostatic limits on a temporal basis. Previous empirical studies on CAM have correlated biological constants (e.g. enzyme kinetic parameters) with expression over the CAM diel cycle. The SD model integrates these constants within the architecture of the CAM 'system'. This allowed quantitative causal connections to be established between biological inputs and the four distinct phases of CAM delineated by gas exchange and malic acid accumulation traits. Regulation at flow junctions (e.g. stomatal and mesophyll conductance, and malic acid transport across the tonoplast) that are subject to feedback control (e.g. stomatal aperture, malic acid inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and enzyme kinetics) was simulated. Simulated expression for the leaf-succulent Kalanchoë daigremontiana and more succulent tissues of Agave tequilana showed strong correlation with measured gas exchange and malic acid accumulation (R(2) = 0.912 and 0.937, respectively, for K. daigremontiana and R(2) = 0.928 and 0.942, respectively, for A. tequilana). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to quantitatively identify determinants of diel CO2 uptake. The transition in CAM expression from low to high volume/area tissues (elimination of phase II-IV carbon-uptake signatures) was achieved largely by the manipulation three input parameters.
Machine Translation of the Korean-Jeju Language using the Copy Mechanism (2022)

본 논문에서 한글로 표기하는 특성상 제주어와 한국어에는 겹치는 어휘가 상당히 많다는 점에 집중하였고, 한국어-제주어의 단어 치환이라는 데이터 특성을 고려하여 복사 매커니즘을 이용한다. 복사매커니즘은 포인터 생성 네트워크를 사용했으며, 이는 입력 문장 또는 사전 내 단어를 선택하여 생성할지를 결정한다. 또 타겟 언어의 토큰을 우선순위로 선택하게 결정하며 이를 이용한 보상(reward)을 적용하였다. 데이터는 카카오브레인에서 구축한 JIT(Jejueo Interview Transcripts)를 이용하였고, BLEU를 통해 어절 단위 성능을 측정하였다. 한국어→제주어 실험은 검증 데이터는 47.85, 평가 데이터는 47.12를 보였고, 제주어→한국어 실험은 검증 데이터는 69.01, 평가 데이터는 68.54를 보였다.
Quasistatic and dynamic mechanical responses of load-bearing structural batteries for electric vehicles (2014)

We are in the process of developing multifunctional load-bearing structural batteries for electric vehicles (EVs). The battery system not only stores electricity for vehicle propulsion, but also reduces impact forces for the EVs getting into crash loading conditions functioning as a shock absorber, thus decreasing the impact shock to the vehicle occupants for increased safety. Our research focuses on two EV battery systems: Granular Battery Assembly (GBA) and Topologically Interlocked Battery Assembly (TIBA). In GBA, the term “Granular” originated from the recent findings on the granular mechanics. Parab et al. [1] demonstrated the fundamental mechanism of impact energy dissipation with the pulverization of a sand particle in the granular load chain, where the pulverized sand particle interrupted the transmission of impact loads and forced the rearrangement of the remaining grains. Our GBA research extended the concept of granular load chains to the battery cell arrangement with the use of “sacrificing cells” that effectively limit the impact load propagation speed, thus isolating the mechanical impact shock. In TIBA, our research focuses on the use of topologically interlocked materials (TIMs). Mather et al. [2] showed the basic mechanism behind TIMs, where the nonbonded platonic solids were assembled and kept their structural integrity by the neighboring solids. Upon impact, these solids rub against each other, thus dissipating energy by friction. Our TIBA research transformed the application of topological interlocking as a design principle for EV battery pack in such a way that truncated tetrahedra, as either battery cells or battery carriers, created TIBA, a multifunctional structural battery system that has both the capability to dissipate impact energy and resistance to fracture propagation. Following the numerical analysis, quasistatic and dynamic impact mechanical responses were examined in the experiment. In each analysis, the experimental behaviors of the battery systems were compared against the numerical results to confirm the validity of the numerical models. Furthermore, we added a “Base” model, which has neither GBA nor TIBA to reduce the impact force, in order for us to compare against the GBA and TIBA results and to examine the improvement that the two EV battery systems delivered. REFERENCES [1] Parab, N.D., Claus, B., Hudspeth, M.C., Black, J.T., Mondal, A., Sun, J., Fezzaa, K., Xiao, X., Luo, S.N., Chen, W. Experimental assessment of fracture of individual sand particles at different loading rates. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2014, 68, 8–14. [2] Mather, A., Cipra, R., Siegmund, T. Structural integrity during remanufacture of a topologically interlocked material. International Journal of Structural Integrity. 2012, 3(1), 61–78.