gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Flavedo of Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L.) during Fruit Development and Maturation (2004)

Changes in carotenoid content and composition and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes were analyzed in the flavedo of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, cv. Navelate) fruit during development and maturation. Lutein and all-E-violaxanthin were the major carotenoids in chloroplast-containing tissues. During fruit coloration, phytoene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and mainly (9Z)-violaxanthin progressively accumulated, and a large proportion of apocarotenoids was also found in the flavedo of full-colored fruits. We have cloned partial and full-length cDNAs corresponding to genes involved in early condensation and desaturase reactions [phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS)], coupled redox reaction (plastid terminal oxidase), cyclizations [beta-lycopene cyclase (beta-LCY) and epsilon-lycopene cyclase (epsilon-LCY)], hydroxylation [beta-carotene hydroxylase (beta-CHX)], and epoxidation [zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)] and analyzed their mRNA accumulation in the flavedo of fruits during development and ripening as compared with those of leaves. Collectively, the results indicated that PDS gene expression correlated with carotenoid content in developing fruit and that up-regulation of PSY and ZDS genes at the onset of fruit coloration would enhance the production of linear carotenes and the flux into the pathway. The shift from the beta,epsilon-branch to the beta,beta-branch of the pathway that originates the changes in carotenoid composition during fruit coloration may be explained by a down-regulation of epsilon-LCY and by the increase of the beta-CHX transcript.
The purification and properties of butyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase from <i>Peptostreptococcus elsdenii</i> (1971)

Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase prepared by a simple procedure from Peptostreptococcus elsdenii has a molecular weight of approx. 150000. The enzyme has FAD as its prosthetic group. The amino acid analysis is reported. This enzyme, like most of the corresponding mammalian ones, is green. The absorption band at 710nm can be abolished irreversibly by dithionite reduction and air reoxidation; it can be abolished reversibly by phenylmercuric acetate or potassium bromide. The enzyme as isolated appears to be a mixture of a green and a yellow form, both of which are active. This view is supported by the variable ;greenness' of different preparations and the biphasic curve obtained in anaerobic spectrophotometric titrations with dithionite. It can be calculated from the titration results that fully green enzyme would have a peak-to-peak absorption ratio (E(710)/E(430)) as great as 0.54. The green form is much less rapidly reduced by dithionite than the yellow form, but is nevertheless much more readily reduced by dithionite than the enzyme from pig liver. It is also more readily reoxidized by air and shows less tendency to form a semiquinone. Treatment with sodium borohydride produces an unusual reduced species that is probably the 3,4-dihydroflavin.
Solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of hexanal in hazelnuts as an indicator of the interaction of active packaging materials with food aroma compounds (2006)

Fatty foods are susceptible to lipid oxidation resulting in deterioration of product quality due to the generation of off-flavours. Hexanal is a good indicator of rancidity. Therefore, a method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection was developed to determine hexanal formation in hazelnuts during storage. Optimum conditions were as follows: carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane 75 microm fibre, extraction time 10 min, equilibrium time 10 min and equilibrium temperature 60 degrees C. The effect of oxygen scavengers on the oxidation process was also evaluated by measuring hexanal formation in hazelnuts stored with/without oxygen absorber sachets. Oxygen scavengers were shown to reduce oxidation; however, analysis of the sachet revealed that other volatile compounds from the headspace were also absorbed.
Synthesis of 4(5)‐substituted 2‐amino‐5(4)‐hydroxyimino‐5(4)<i>H</i>‐imidazoles and their transformation into the corresponding 3‐substituted 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles (1973)

Abstract Treatment of 4(5)‐phenyl(or alkyl)‐2‐aminoimidazoles with isoamyl nitrite in acetic acid afforded the corresponding 4(5)‐substituted 2‐amino‐5(4)‐hydroxyimino‐5(4) H ‐imidazoles which by heating in water were transformed into 3‐benzoyl(or acyl)‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles.
Improved Insulin Sensitivity and Resistance to Weight Gain in Mice Null for the <i>Ahsg</i> Gene (2002)

Fetuin inhibits insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in vitro, in intact cells, and in vivo. The fetuin gene (AHSG) is located on human chromosome 3q27, recently identified as a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Here, we explore insulin signaling, glucose homeostasis, and the effect of a high-fat diet on weight gain, body fat composition, and glucose disposal in mice carrying two null alleles for the gene encoding fetuin, Ahsg (B6, 129-Ahsg(tm1Mbl)). Fetuin knockout (KO) mice demonstrate increased basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IR and the downstream signaling molecules mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt in liver and skeletal muscle. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests in fetuin KO mice indicate significantly enhanced glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity. Fetuin KO mice subjected to euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp show augmented sensitivity to insulin, evidenced by increased glucose infusion rate (P = 0.077) and significantly increased skeletal muscle glycogen content (P < 0.05). When fed a high-fat diet, fetuin KO mice are resistant to weight gain, demonstrate significantly decreased body fat, and remain insulin sensitive. These data suggest that fetuin may play a significant role in regulating postprandial glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, and fat accumulation and may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other insulin-resistant conditions.
Machine Learning with partially labeled Data for Indoor Outdoor Detection (2019)

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of an hybrid/semi-supervised classification method for detecting the environment of an active mobile phone, based on both labeled and unlabeled cellular radio data. Precisely, we provide answers to the following question: what is the environment of the mobile user when it is/was experiencing a mobile service/application: indoor or outdoor? Implementing this method within the mobile network is interesting for mobile operators since it has low complexity, is less human intrusive (minimal intervention of mobile users) and more accurate. The semi-supervised classification algorithm learns to identify the environment using large and real collected 3GPP signals measurements. As compared to existing work, in addition to existing parameters used for classification, we propose to also use a radio metric called Timing Advance. It is computed within the mobile network. We empirically validate the innovative semi-supervised algorithm using new real-time radio measurements, with partial ground truth information, gathered daily, weekly, monthly, from indoor and outdoor locations and from multiple typical and diversified environments crossed by mobile users. The study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to the existing supervised classification methods including SVM and Deep Learning.
Phosphodiesterase-2 inhibitor reverses corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity and related behavioural changes via cGMP/PKG dependent pathway (2012)

Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is an enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to restrict intracellular signalling of these second messenger molecules. This study investigated how PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 affects the dysregulated glucocorticoid signalling in neuronal cells and regulates depressive behaviours after chronic stress in mice. We found that exposure of hippocampal neurons to corticosterone resulted in time- and concentration-dependent increases in PDE2 expression. These intriguing findings were confirmed in the hippocampal cell line HT-22. After corticosterone exposure for 24 h, HT-22 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase in mRNA levels for PDE2 subtypes, PDE2A1 and 2A3, as well as for the total PDE2A protein expression. Bay 60-7550 was found to reverse the cell lesion induced by corticosterone (50 μm). This neuroprotective effect was blocked by pretreatment with protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823, but not protein kinase A inhibitor H89, suggesting the involvement of cGMP-dependent signalling. Although Bay 60-7550 treatment for 24 h did not change the levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 (pERK) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), it down-regulated pERK at 2 h and up-regulated a CREB co-activator, CREB-binding protein, at 24 h. Both of these effects were blocked by KT 5823. Furthermore, Bay 60-7550 reversed corticosterone-induced down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels 24 h after corticosterone exposure. In behavioural testing, Bay 60-7550 produced antidepressant-like effects and reduced corticosterone levels in stressed mice, further supporting the involvement of a PDE2-dependent pathway in mediating Bay 60-7550's effect during stress hormone insults.
The Concept of the Level-Premium Whole Life Insurance Policy. Reexamined (1975)

The traditional concept of the level-premium whole life insurance policy is misleading. It has led to an explanation of the policy in terms of a divisible product with its components of decreasing protection and increasing savings. It suggests a divisible premium with one part used to pay for decreasing amounts of insurance protection and one part used to build a savings account. A more realistic explanation of the level-premium whole life insurance policy would appear to be one of an installment purchase agreement. Furthermore, level-premium whole life insurance is offered to the public as a means of obtaining tax-sheltered buildups of cash values with the implication that these tax-sheltered buildups are unique to life insurance. Arguments are presented to (1) show the faulty logic in the contention that levelpremium whole life insurance offers a unique tax-sheltered buildup of cash values and (2) demonstrate that level-premium whole life insurance, instead of offering favorable income tax treatment, is treated adversely. On several occasions, congressional committees have considered the concept of including as taxable income to the policyowner roughly the amount by which the cash value of his policy increases for the year in. excess of the premium paid for that year.' The motivation to tax cash,. value buildups in life insurance policies as ordinary income arises from. the successful manner in which life insurance salesmen and others have been able to sell the concept of life insurance as a tax-sheltered savings or investment medium. The attention in this paper is restricted to the need to reexamine (1) the traditional explanation of level-premium cash value life insurance, (2) the concept of cash value life insurance as a divided contract, one part decreasing death protection and the other part increasing savings, and (3) the illusion of a tax-free buildup of the cash values of a whole life policy. Robert I. Mehr is Professor of Finance at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. He is a past president of ARIA, a past director of the American Finance Association, a founder of the Risk Theory Seminar, the Pacific Insurance Conference, and the Interamerican Risk and Insurance Forum. This paper was presented at the 1974 annual meetings of the Risk Theory Seminar. This paper was submitted in June, 1974. ' See Charles E. McLure, Jr., The Income Tax Treatment of Interest Earned on Savings in Life Insurance, published by the Joint Economic Committee, 92nd Congress (1972).
Switching constraint-driven thermal and reliability analysis of Nanometer designs (2011)

As process technology continues to shrink, interconnect current densities continue to increase, making it ever more difficult to meet chip reliability targets. For microprocessors in the latest 32nm processes, interconnect wear-out via electromigration is as critical a design parameter, if not more so, as timing, power, and area, and must be planned for from the outset. This paper presents a true three-dimensional thermal analysis in order to accurately transform power dissipation into a temperature profile for more accurate reliability estimation at the level of interconnect metal, via resistors and device fingers. This enhancement to prior electromigration analysis flows was a critical enabling technology for deep sub-micron microprocessor design, and will prove only more essential as process technology continues to shrink, and electromigration constraints become ever more restrictive. In addition, the thermal analysis enabled better prediction of device reliability, which we can now calculate and measure the impact of, at the block-level.
Gram’s Stain Does Not Cross the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane (2015)

For well over a century, Hans Christian Gram's famous staining protocol has been the standard go-to diagnostic for characterizing unknown bacteria. Despite continuous and ubiquitous use, we now demonstrate that the current understanding of the molecular mechanism for this differential stain is largely incorrect. Using the fully complementary time-resolved methods: second-harmonic light-scattering and bright-field transmission microscopy, we present a real-time and membrane specific quantitative characterization of the bacterial uptake of crystal-violet (CV), the dye used in Gram's protocol. Our observations contradict the currently accepted mechanism which depicts that, for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, CV readily traverses the peptidoglycan mesh (PM) and cytoplasmic membrane (CM) before equilibrating within the cytosol. We find that not only is CV unable to traverse the CM but, on the time-scale of the Gram-stain procedure, CV is kinetically trapped within the PM. Our results indicate that CV, rather than dyes which rapidly traverse the PM, is uniquely suited as the Gram stain.
Information Theory and Anonymity (2002)

Abstract. There is an increasing concern about the protection of anonymity and privacy in electronic services. Many web sites store and process personal data of users in order to provide a better service. Users prefer not to give away personal information if this can be avoided. This paper introduces a model, based on Shannon’s definition of entropy, with which the degree of anonymity of a set of users grouped in several subsets can be quantified in an objective way. This model is applied to a practical case in which users are associated to profiles, and the degree of anonymity achieved by those users, is measured under different conditions. 1
Coulometric Titrations (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoulometric TitrationsF. A. LeiseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 10, 1607–1609Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60094a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Expression Analysis of the Autolysin Gene (<i>atl</i>) of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1998)

The bifunctional autolysin gene (atl) of Staphylococcus aureus was transcribed into a 4.1-kb transcript. The transcription initiation site was located at an adenine residue 33-nt upstream from the putative atl start codon. Analysis using a promoter-reporter plasmid showed that promoter activity increased during the exponential growth phase. The Tn551 insertion site of the autolysis-deficient mutant S. aureus RUSAL2 was located in the putative catalytic region of the glucosaminidase domain.
Automatic Identification-Enabled Traceability in Supply Chain Management (2008)

Traceability defined as the ability to trace dependent items within a model and access the identity and attribute of the physical supply chain's objects plays a vital role in the supply chain management (SCM). However, achieving end-to-end traceability across the supply chain is currently quite a challenge from a technical, a co-ordination and a cost perspective. To identify suitable traceability methods, possible automatic identification technology (Auto-ID) is clarified by analyzing alphanumerical codes, bar codes, and the radio frequency identification (RFID). Its purpose is to study the different requirements of traceability in the SCM, and to provide a general framework for the identification of the product whole lifecycle information. Furthermore, the architecture and information models of the traceability system, the relationship of the presented Auto-ID technologies and how the methods work are presented to address the different stages' requirements together with their advantages.
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Plant NADPH Oxidases (2006)

NADPH oxidases (NOX) catalyze the production of superoxides, a type of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The dramatic induction of ROS production by human NOX2 in activated blood phagocytic cells and its role in promoting pathogen killing has long motivated research in this area ([Babior et al., 2002][
Unified ${\mathscr H}_\infty$ Control to Suppress Vertices of Plant Input and Output Sensitivity Functions (2009)

This note presents a discrete-time H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller to attenuate effects of external disturbances introduced from both plant input and plant output. In this note, two stage control structure is constructed so that state variable dependent conventional controllers and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> loop shaping controllers are simultaneously utilized, which is a different approach from previous methods. For the loop shaping controller, a new weighting function derived from an open loop transfer function of fictitious state-feedback systems is proposed. Since the weighting function inherits implicit stability margins, sufficiently stable closed loop systems are designed, therefore well damped transient responses are achieved.
Multichannel Discriminative Detection of Explosive Vapors with an Array of Nanofibrous Membranes Loaded with Quantum Dots (2017)

The multichannel fluorescent sensor array based on nanofibrous membranes loaded with ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was created and demonstrated for the discriminative detection of explosives. The synergistic effect of the high surface-to-volume ratio of QDs, the good permeability of nanofibrous membranes and the differential response introduced by surface ligands was played by constructing the sensing array using nanofibrous membranes loaded with ZnS QDs featuring several surface ligands. Interestingly, although the fluorescence quenching of the nanofibrous membranes is not linearly related to the exposure time, the fingerprint of each explosive at different times is very similar in shape, and the fingerprints of the three explosives show different shapes. Three saturated vapors of nitroaromatic explosives could be reliably detected and discriminated by the array at room temperature. This work is the first step toward devising a monitoring system for explosives in the field of public security and defense. It could, for example, be coupled with the technology of image recognition and large data analysis for a rapid diagnostic test of explosives. This work further highlights the power of differential, multichannel arrays for the rapid and discriminative detection of a wide range of chemicals.
A 6.1 GS/s 52.8 mW 43 dB DR 80 MHz bandwidth 2.4 GHz RF bandpass &#x0394;&#x03A3; ADC in 40 nm CMOS (2010)

A 2.4 GHz 4th order BP ΔΣ ADC is presented. The feedforward topology uses Gm-LC resonators that can be calibrated in frequency. The quantizer is split in 6 interleaved comparators to relax speed. Clocked at 6.1 GHz, it achieves a DR of 43 dB in 80 MHz consuming 52.8 mW. Implemented in 40 nm CMOS, it achieves a FoM of 3.6 pJ/conv. step, which is to date the lowest published value for RF BP ADCs.
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Transport of Proteins as a Target for Therapeutic Drugs (2003)

Recruitment of cytoplasmic signaling proteins into the nucleus is an essential step in the activation of gene expression in response to an extracellular signal. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is mediated by the transport receptors of an importin beta family. Post-translational modifications and masking/unmasking of specific signal sequences responsible for nuclear import and export are important for the coordinated control of the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Malfunctioning of the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is profoundly involved in a number of diseases including cancer. Leptomycin B (LMB) is a Streptomyces metabolite that causes specific inhibition of the cell cycle of fission yeast and mammalian cells. The target molecule of LMB has been shown by genetic and biochemical analyses to be CRM1, a highly conserved protein in eukaryotes. CRM1 was shown to be a member of the importin beta family and a receptor for the nuclear export signal (NES) of proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells. LMB binds directly to CRM1, which results in dissociation of the NES from the nuclear export machinery containing CRM1. Thus, LMB serves as a potent tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and a potential therapeutic drug for diseases caused by mislocalization of regulatory proteins.