gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Short N-Terminal Peptide Motif on Flavivirus Nonstructural Protein NS1 Modulates Cellular Targeting and Immune Recognition (2010)

Flavivirus NS1 is a versatile nonstructural glycoprotein, with intracellular NS1 functioning as an essential cofactor for viral replication and cell surface and secreted NS1 antagonizing complement activation. Even though NS1 has multiple functions that contribute to virulence, the genetic determinants that regulate the spatial distribution of NS1 in cells among different flaviviruses remain uncharacterized. Here, by creating a panel of West Nile virus-dengue virus (WNV-DENV) NS1 chimeras and site-specific mutants, we identified a novel, short peptide motif immediately C-terminal to the signal sequence cleavage position that regulates its transit time through the endoplasmic reticulum and differentially directs NS1 for secretion or plasma membrane expression. Exchange of two amino acids within this motif reciprocally changed the cellular targeting pattern of DENV or WNV NS1. For WNV, this substitution also modulated infectivity and antibody-induced phagocytosis of infected cells. Analysis of a mutant lacking all three conserved N-linked glycosylation sites revealed an independent requirement of N-linked glycans for secretion but not for plasma membrane expression of WNV NS1. Collectively, our experiments define the requirements for cellular targeting of NS1, with implications for the protective host responses, immune antagonism, and association with the host cell sorting machinery. These studies also suggest a link between the effects of NS1 on viral replication and the levels of secreted or cell surface NS1.
A visual language for a sketch-based UI prototyping tool (1999)

We describe the design of the visual language for SILK 2.0, a sketch-based tool for prototyping user interfaces. The new SILK visual language has been designed to allow user interface designers to quickly prototype the behavior of a user interface. This includes behavior that depends on the state of certain UI elements and the ability to create "sketchy" components to be reused in other sketches.
Dynamically stabilized indirect current controlled SPWM boost type 3-phase rectifier (2003)

Near-sinusoidal-waveform currents of unity power factor can be obtained from the sinusoidal PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) rectifier using indirect current control. It is shown that the indirect current control must compensate dynamically for LdI/dt or else the stability region is very restricted. When correctly compensated, the dynamic indirect current controller can operate arrays of identical bridge rectifier modules in parallel and/or in series to augment the power ratings. By evenly staggering the phase shifts of the triangular carrier to each module in the arrays, switching harmonics can be eliminated. High-quality waveforms can be synthesized with slow switching devices such as GTOs (gate-turn-offs) and even force-commutated thyristors. Switching losses are also reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Video Acceleration Magnification (2017)

The ability to amplify or reduce subtle image changes over time is useful in contexts such as video editing, medical video analysis, product quality control and sports. In these contexts there is often large motion present which severely distorts current video amplification methods that magnify change linearly. In this work we propose a method to cope with large motions while still magnifying small changes. We make the following two observations: i) large motions are linear on the temporal scale of the small changes, ii) small changes deviate from this linearity. We ignore linear motion and propose to magnify acceleration. Our method is pure Eulerian and does not require any optical flow, temporal alignment or region annotations. We link temporal second-order derivative filtering to spatial acceleration magnification. We apply our method to moving objects where we show motion magnification and color magnification. We provide quantitative as well as qualitative evidence for our method while comparing to the state-of-the-art.
40 Gb/s distortion mitigation and DSP-based equalisation (2007)

Different aspects of electronic distortion equalization at 40 Gbit/s are highlighted: from the experimental assessment of analog equalizer circuits to the estimation of the digital processing effort in DSP based equalisation schemes. (4 pages)
Basics of employment law: understanding and dealing with adverse employment actions and discrimination in the workplace. (2005)

In the present setting of fiscal and other constraints placed upon the business world during economically challenging times, there exists both intentional and unintentional opportunities for unfair and illegal treatment of employees. Hospitals and other health care facilities or organizations are not immune. In fact, given the demographics of our field and the general "graying" of our colleagues, a disproportionately higher number of perfusionists reside within the age-protected guidelines established by both federal and state law. Not coincidentally, the pressures on hospitals to stay solvent in the presence of decreasing reimbursement and declining revenues may well create a prescription for unfair treatment of employees. This article will explain the basic concepts of the protections afforded employees by law with regard to freedom from harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Matters related to the hostile workplace environment; age, sex, and race discrimination; and adverse employment actions will be explained and illustrated by applicable case law. In this regard, it is intended that this article will enhance the opportunity for perfusionists to be cognizant of both the express and implied behaviors (both verbal and nonverbal) that may be detrimental to an employment situation, as well as to be cognizant of some of the remedies at law available regarding adverse employment circumstances.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected patients awaiting liver transplantation: Genes involved in tumor progression (2004)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. The present study aimed to investigate the genes involved in viral carcinogenesis and tumor progression in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCC. To accomplish this, we performed the analysis of hepatic gene expression in HCV-infected liver recipient patients with stages of disease ranging from early cirrhosis with preserved volume and function to late cirrhosis with diminished volume and function with and without HCC. We found consistent differences between the gene expression patterns in HCV-HCC and those of early HCV-cirrhosis, late HCV cirrhosis, and normal control livers. The expression patterns in HCC were also readily distinguished between early and advanced HCC tumor stages. Moreover, we found different gene expression patterns between early cirrhosis and late cirrhosis. In conclusion, these findings confirm the presence of multiple molecular alterations during HCV-HCC hepatocarcinogenesis and, clinically, indicate the possibility for identifying prognostic factors associated with HCC progression in liver transplant patients waiting for a donor and/or posttransplantation recurrence.
High-power, high-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator based on periodically-poled LiNbO3 (1996)

We report a high-power, high repetition rate, pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on the nonlinear optical material periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The OPO had maximum outputs of 2 W and 0.6 W at signal (1.54 μm) and idler (3.45 μm) wavelengths, respectively. The pulse repetition rate was varied over 5-32 kHz, and the device was tuned over 2.8 - 4.8 μm (idler) and 1.72-1.37 μm (signal).
Both Influenza-Induced Neutrophil Dysfunction and Neutrophil-Independent Mechanisms Contribute to Increased Susceptibility to a Secondary<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Infection (2006)

Since secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infections greatly increase the mortality of influenza infections, we determined the relative roles of neutrophil-dependent and -independent mechanisms in increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae during influenza infection. Mice infected with influenza for 6 days, but not 3 days, showed a significant increase in susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection compared to mice not infected with influenza. There was significant neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of S. pneumoniae-infected mice regardless of whether or not they were infected with influenza for 3 or 6 days. Depletion of neutrophils in these mice resulted in increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae in both the non-influenza-infected mice and mice infected with influenza for 3 days but not in the mice infected with influenza for 6 days, indicating that a prior influenza infection of 6 days may compromise neutrophil function, resulting in increased susceptibility to a S. pneumoniae infection. Neutrophils from the lungs of mice infected with influenza for 3 or 6 days exhibited functional impairment in the form of decreased phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in response to S. pneumoniae. In addition, neutrophil-depleted mice infected with influenza for 6 days were more susceptible to S. pneumoniae than neutrophil-depleted mice not infected with influenza, indicating that neutrophil-independent mechanisms also contribute to influenza-induced increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae. Pulmonary interleukin-10 levels were increased in coinfected mice infected with influenza for 6 days but not 3 days. Thus, an influenza infection of 6 days increases susceptibility to S. pneumoniae by both suppression of neutrophil function and by neutrophil-independent mechanisms such as enhanced cytokine production.
Density-functional theory and NiO photoemission spectra (1993)

The generalization of the local-density-approximation method for the systems with strong Coulomb correlations is proposed, which restores the discontinuity in the one-electron potential as in the exact density functional. The method is based on the model-Hamiltonian approach and allows us to take into account the nonsphericity of the Coulomb and exchange interactions. The calculation scheme could be regarded as a first-principle method due to the absence of adjustable parameters. The method was applied to the calculation of the photoemission (x-ray photoemission spectroscopy) and bremsstrahlung isochromat spectra of NiO.
An introduction to the global positioning system and its applications (1994)

The global positioning system (GPS) was declared operational for civilian users in December 1993. Although this declaration may have political importance, it is likely to have little impact on the ever increasing numbers of civilian users. Of more significance is the final completion of the operation constellation of satellites in March or April this year. The developments in the applications of GPS, over the last 10 years, have progressed at a far higher rate than the realisation of the constellation. This short paper aims to briefly introduce the basic principles of measurement with GPS, review the current status of the system and provide an overview of some of the many possible applications of this revolutionary positioning system. >
Hidden curve removal for free form surfaces (1990)

This paper describes a hidden curve algorithm specifically designed for sculptured surfaces. A technique is described to extract the visible curves for a given scene without the need to approximate the surface by polygons. This algorithm produces higher quality results than polygon based algorithms, as most of the output set has an exact representation. Surface coherence is used to speed up the process. Although designed for sculptured surfaces, this algorithm is also suitable for polygonal data.
Coupling Ion Mobility Separations, Collisional Activation Techniques, and Multiple Stages of MS for Analysis of Complex Peptide Mixtures (2002)

An ion trap/ion mobility/quadrupole/collision cell/time-of-flight mass spectrometer that incorporates a differentially pumped orifice-skimmer cone region at the back of the drift tube has been developed for the analysis of peptide mixtures. The combined approach allows a variety of strategies to be employed for collisionally activating ions, and fragments can be monitored by subsequent stages of mass spectrometry in a parallel fashion, as described previously (Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 2737). Here, we describe the overall experimental approach in detail. Applications involving different aspects of the initial mobility separation and various collisional activation and parallel sequencing strategies are illustrated by examining several simple peptide mixtures and a mixture of tryptic peptides from beta-casein. Detection limits associated with various experimental configurations and the utility for analysis of complex systems are discussed.
Resolution of Aortic Atherosclerotic Infiltration in the Rabbit by Phosphatide Infusion. (1957)

SummaryIntermittent intravenous infusion of a phosphatide emulsion into 2 series of previously hypercholesteremic rabbits appeared to effect a marked resolution of their atherosclerotic infiltration and cholesterol deposit as judged by the findings in paired, untreated animals.
Laparoscopic Ligation of a Leaking Cystic Duct (1991)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has rapidly become an acceptable surgical technique. Indeed it may become the preferred method for cholecystectomy, with the open method reserved for complicated cases. Early series of LC have shown a mortality rate of 0-1%, comparing favorably to the open method. However, complications such as bile duct injury, cystic duct leaks, and biliary collections may be more frequent. We report the first case of cystic duct leakage after LC successfully managed by subsequent laparoscopic ligation.
Aminoluciferins as Functional Bioluminogenic Substrates of Firefly Luciferase (2011)

Firefly luciferase is widely used as a reporter gene in assays to study gene expression, gene delivery, and so on because of its extremely high signal-to-noise ratio. The availability of a range of bioluminogenic substrates would greatly extend the applicability of the luciferin-luciferase system. Herein, we describe a design concept for functional bioluminogenic substrates based on the aminoluciferin (AL) scaffold, together with a convenient, high-yield method for synthesizing N-alkylated ALs. We confirmed the usefulness of ALs as bioluminogenic substrates by synthesizing three probes. The first was a conjugate of AL with glutamate, Glu-AL. When Glu-AL, the first membrane-impermeable bioluminogenic substrate of luciferases, was applied to cells transfected with luciferase, luminescence was not observed; that is, by using Glu-AL, we can distinguish between intracellular and extracellular events. The second was Cy5-AL, which consisted of Cy5, a near-infrared (NIR) cyanine fluorescent dye, and AL, and emitted NIR light. When Cy5-AL reacted with luciferase, luminescence derived from Cy5 was observed as a result of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from AL to Cy5. The NIR emission wavelength would allow a signal to be observed from deeper tissues in bioluminescence in vivo imaging. The third was biotin-DEVD-AL (DEVD = the amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Val-Asp), which employed a caspase-3 substrate peptide as a switch to control the accessibility of the substrate to luciferase, and could detect the activity of caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. This generalized design strategy should be applicable to other proteases. Our results indicate that the AL scaffold is appropriate for a range of functional luminophores and represents a useful alternative substrate to luciferin.
Nanostructured integrated electron source (1998)

Additive nanolithography with electron-beam induced deposition is applied to generate a nanostructured integrated field emission electron source. The source is built into a lithographically fabricated pattern of connecting lines on a chip. Current stabilizing resistors are integrated in to the connecting lines with the deposition technique. Field emission microscope investigation of deposited supertips proves that a confined emission is delivered from conducting tips into a beam divergence angle of ±7°. The reduced brightness of the deposited supertips is evaluated. A tenfold higher reduced brightness is observed if compared to conventional Schottky field emitters.
Passive respiratory mechanics in newborns and children. (1984)

When the Hering-Breuer reflex is used to relax the respiratory muscles, the passive compliance (Crs), resistance (Rrs), and time constant (Trs) of the respiratory system can be measured from the subsequent expiration. We used this method to assess 22 newborns with respiratory illness. Passive expirations were also recorded in 6 paralyzed, ventilated children. Using a simple slide valve, airway occlusion pressure was measured from a face mask or endotracheal tube, and expiratory flow was measured from a pneumotachygraph. In all subjects, there was a linear function of expiratory flow versus its integral, volume; by extrapolating the linear function to zero flow and zero volume (i.e., initial volume at time zero) Crs, Rrs, and Trs could be calculated; Crs was significantly reduced in mechanically ventilated versus spontaneously breathing infants, and Rrs was significantly higher in intubated versus extubated infants. During passive expiration in newborns, inspiration occurred at a volume above passive functional residual capacity. The passive expiratory flow-volume technique is simple, noninvasive, and appears to provide accurate measurements of respiratory mechanics in the newborn and in paralyzed children.
Deep learning in finance and banking: A literature review and classification (2020)

Abstract Deep learning has been widely applied in computer vision, natural language processing, and audio-visual recognition. The overwhelming success of deep learning as a data processing technique has sparked the interest of the research community. Given the proliferation of Fintech in recent years, the use of deep learning in finance and banking services has become prevalent. However, a detailed survey of the applications of deep learning in finance and banking is lacking in the existing literature. This study surveys and analyzes the literature on the application of deep learning models in the key finance and banking domains to provide a systematic evaluation of the model preprocessing, input data, and model evaluation. Finally, we discuss three aspects that could affect the outcomes of financial deep learning models. This study provides academics and practitioners with insight and direction on the state-of-the-art of the application of deep learning models in finance and banking.
Bulk Inversion in FinFETs and Implied Insights on Effective Gate Width (2005)

Relative values of on-state current in undoped-body double-gate (DG) and triple-gate (TG) FinFETs are examined via three-dimensional numerical device simulations. The simulation results reveal significant bulk inversion in the fin bodies, which limits the benefit of the third (top) gate in the TG FinFET and which negates the utility of the commonly defined effective gate width (W/sub eff/=2h/sub Si/+w/sub Si/). Even the concept of W/sub eff/ for the TG FinFET is invalidated, but the proper W/sub eff/ for the DG FinFET is defined. Physical insights attained from the simulations further solidify our notion, based previously on gate layout-area inefficiency, that the third gate is neither desirable nor beneficial.
Fast fabrication of super-hydrophobic surfaces on polypropylene by replication of short-pulse laser structured molds (2010)

A new two-step method, facilitating the rapid generation of super-hydrophobic surface structures via parallel laser processing followed by a replica generation by injection molding is reported. A self-made fused silica-based diffractive optical element (DOE) is applied to distribute the laser energy into a 25×25 dot matrix. This DOE is used as a transmission mask for surface ablation of metal molds, applying short-pulse UV laser pulses. In a subsequent process step, replicas of the processed stamp are produced by variothermal injection molding, enabling the mass production of the surface pattern on plastics parts. The resulting topography facilitates a super-hydrophobic behavior of the fabricated components.
Wheat Oxophytodienoate Reductase Gene<i>TaOPR1</i>Confers Salinity Tolerance via Enhancement of Abscisic Acid Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging     (2013)

The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are classified into the two subgroups OPRI and OPRII. The latter proteins participate in jasmonic acid synthesis, while the function of the former ones is as yet unclear. We describe here the characterization of the OPRI gene TaOPR1, isolated from the salinity-tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar SR3. Salinity stress induced a higher level of TaOPR1 expression in the seedling roots of cv SR3 than in its parental cultivar, JN177. This induction was abolished when abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis was inhibited. The overexpression of TaOPR1 in wheat significantly enhanced the level of salinity tolerance, while its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis alleviated root growth restriction in the presence of salinity and oxidants and raised the sensitivity to ABA. In Arabidopsis, TaOPR1 promoted ABA synthesis and the ABA-dependent stress-responsive pathway, partially rescued the sensitivity of the Arabidopsis aba2 mutant defective in ABA synthesis to salinity, and improved the activities of reactive oxygen species scavengers and the transcription of their encoding genes while reducing malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels. TaOPR1 did not interact with jasmonate synthesis or the jasmonate signaling pathway. Rather than serving purely as an antioxidant, we believe that TaOPR1 acts during episodes of abiotic stress response as a signaling compound associated with the regulation of the ABA-mediated signaling network.
Inducible expression of RbAp46 activates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent apoptosis and suppresses progressive growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. (2004)

These results revealed a novel proapoptotic activity for RbAp46 via the JNK pathway and demonstrated that induction of RbAp46 expression inhibits progressive growth of tumor grafts in vivo.
Evidence of structural phase transitions in superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Rb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">W</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1982)

In the hexagonal tungsten bronze ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, the ordering of the vacancies of the Rb sites has been observed by neutron diffraction measurements. This ordering is the cause of the resistivity anomaly observed by Stanley et al. Another type of structural transition has also been found for the samples with $x<0.25$. The results give support to the speculated correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and a structural phase transition.
A Review of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2010)

Although chemotherapy is the main current treatment of this subtype of breast cancer, new agents such as PARP inhibitors, which show promise in the treatment of TNBC, are currently in clinical trials.