gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulink-based MPSoC Design: New Approach to Bridge the Gap between Algorithm and Architecture Design (2007)

The rise of the abstraction level when designing the hardware (HW) and software (SW) parts of multiprocessor systems on chip (MPSoC) permits to master the growing complexity of these systems. However, it generates a huge gap between the concepts of system level specification and those used for implementation and synthesis of HW/SW MPSoC. This paper deals with the system level design for rapid prototyping of MPSoC starting from Matlab/Simulink specification. We propose a new approach to establish a bridge between the system level specification and the HW/SW architecture at the implementation level
Development of a New Backdrivable Actuator for Haptic Interfaces and Collaborative Robots (2016)

Industrial robots are most often position controlled and insensitive to external forces. In many robotic applications, however, such as teleoperation, haptics for virtual reality, and collaborative robotics, a close cooperation between humans and robots is required. For such applications, force sensing and control capabilities are required for stable interactions with the operator and environment. The robots must also be backdrivable, i.e., the robot must be able to follow user’s induced movements with the least possible resistance. High force efficiency is also desirable. These requirements are different from the design drivers of traditional industrial robots and call for specific actuators and reducers. Many such devices were proposed in the literature. However, they suffer from several drawbacks, offering either a limited reduction ratio or being complex and bulky. This paper introduces a novel solution to this problem. A new differential cable drive reducer is presented. It is backdrivable, has a high efficiency, and a potentially infinite reduction ratio. A prototype actuator using such a reducer has been developed and integrated on a test bench. The experimental characterization of its performance confirms its theoretical advantages.
Rule-based component development (2005)

Upon component design, there is a need to define rules regarding variability discovered during the development for business applications separately in order to increase extensibility and reusability of components. Component adaptation techniques through either interface wrapping or redefinition of the implementation class carry limitations in supporting the reuse of components. Consequently, designs which take future reusability of components into consideration during the component development process are very important. Within this research, we propose ACM (adaptable component model) for separating the stable and basic properties from variable properties. Also we propose new component architecture to include rule components defining the variable part. Also, reusability of components is verified through re-defining rules for application onto an insurance sales system.
Field emission electroluminescence on diamond and carbon nanotube films (2003)

Field emission electroluminescence (FEEL), observed during field emission from polycrystalline diamond films for the first time, is initiated at field emission currents above 1 μA. The electroluminescence spectra exhibit the main luminescence peak at 482 nm. Typically, the luminescence intensity increases with the emission current. Although the FEEL observed in diamond and carbon nanotube films is poorly understood, it seems to be related to certain types of defects in the films.
Higher-Order Chromatin Regulation and Differential Gene Expression in the Human Tumor Necrosis Factor/Lymphotoxin Locus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2012)

The three-dimensional context of endogenous chromosomal regions may contribute to the regulation of gene clusters by influencing interactions between transcriptional regulatory elements. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling on spatiotemporal enhancer-promoter interactions in the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/lymphotoxin (LT) gene locus, mediated by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-dependent chromatin insulators. The cytokine genes LTα, TNF, and LTβ are differentially regulated by NF-κB signaling in inflammatory and oncogenic responses. We identified at least four CTCF-enriched sites with enhancer-blocking activities and a TNF-responsive TE2 enhancer in the TNF/LT locus. One of the CTCF-enriched sites is located between the early-inducible LTα/TNF promoters and the late-inducible LTβ promoter. Depletion of CTCF reduced TNF expression and accelerated LTβ induction. After TNF stimulation, via intrachromosomal dynamics, these insulators mediated interactions between the enhancer and the LTα/TNF promoters, followed by interaction with the LTβ promoter. These results suggest that insulators mediate the spatiotemporal control of enhancer-promoter associations in the TNF/LT gene cluster.
A Straightforward Stereoselective Synthesis of <scp>d</scp>- and <scp>l</scp>-5-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexenylguanine (2001)

A novel and facile synthesis of 5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexenylguanine 1 is described. The key steps involve a Diels-Alder reaction of ethyl (2E)-3-acetyloxy-2-propenoate 2 as dienophile with Danishefsky's diene 3 to build up the six-membered ring skeleton, a Fraser-Reid reductive rearrangement of the adduct using LiAlH(4), and base-moiety introduction using a Mitsunobu reaction. Optically pure D- and L-1 were obtained via resolution of intermediate 7 with (R)-(-)-methylmandelic acid. The synthetic procedure toward racemic 1 consists of only five steps and has proven to be highly efficient toward the synthesis of cyclohexenyl nucleosides.
KEA: Practical Automatic Keyphrase Extraction (1999)

Keyphrases provide semantic metadata that summarize and characterize documents. This paper describes Kea, an algorithm for automatically extracting keyphrases from text. Kea identifies candidate keyphrases using lexical methods, calculates feature values for each candidate, and uses a machine-learning algorithm to predict which candidates are good keyphrases. The machine learning scheme first builds a prediction model using training documents with known keyphrases, and then uses the model to find keyphrases in new documents. We use a large test corpus to evaluate Kea's effectiveness in terms of how many author-assigned keyphrases are correctly identified. The system is simple, robust, and publicly available.
Ivermectin excretion by isolated functionally intact brain endothelial capillaries (2001)

1. Functionally intact brain endothelial capillaries were isolated from porcine brain. p-Glycoprotein was localized at the lumenal membrane of intact capillaries by immunohistochemistry using a murine monoclonal antibody and a secondary FITC fluorescent labelled anti-mouse IgG. Western blot staining of p-glycoprotein in isolated endothelial cells confirmed the immunohistochemistry. 2. Excretion of the fluorescent labelled anthelmintic drug Ivermectin (BODIPY-Ivermectin) was studied in the isolated brain endothelial capillaries. Drug accumulation in the capillary lumen was visualized by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy and was measured by image analysis. Secretion of BODIPY-Ivermectin into the capillary lumen exhibited characteristics of specific and energy-dependent transport. Steady state lumenal fluorescence intensity averaged 1.6 times cellular fluorescence and was reduced 3--4 times below cellular levels when metabolism was inhibited by NaCN. 3. BODIPY-Ivermectin secretion was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by unlabeled Ivermectin. In addition, lumenal but not cellular fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased when capillaries were incubated with PSC-833, Cyclosporin A or Verapamil, all inhibitors of p-glycoprotein. Conversely, unlabelled Ivermectin reduced the p-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated secretion of a fluorescent derivative of Verapamil, (BODIPY-Verapamil). 4. BODIPY-Ivermectin secretion was not affected in the presence of Leucotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), a potent inhibitor of multidrug resistance related protein (mrp)-mediated transport processes. In addition, excretion of Fluorescein-Methotrexate, an mrp-substrate, was not inhibited by Ivermectin. 5. Uptake experiments with isolated porcine brain capillary cells showing increased cellular uptake of BODIPY-Ivermectin in the presence of unlabelled drug or PSC-833 supported the findings of a Pgp interaction in intact capillaries. 6. The data are consistent with BODIPY-Ivermectin and Ivermectin being transported across the lumenal membrane of brain capillaries. For the first time Pgp-interaction of Ivermectin at the blood brain barrier is demonstrated on a cellular level in an intact vascular tissue.
High-temperature and Corrosion Behavior of Nitrate Nitrite Molten Salt Mixtures Regarding their Application in Concentrating Solar Power Plants (2015)

We deeply investigated the chemical reaction network of molten nitrate / nitrite salt mixtures at high temperatures (> 450 °C) and proved530 °C as maximum operating temperature of HITEC® in CSP application with potential for further temperature increase by implementation of technical measures. Particularly the level of oxide ion concentration and the gas atmosphere havesignificant effects on thermal stability and corrosion behavior. It could be shown that the corrosive depletion of standard steels is within technical limits up to the thermal stability limit of the salt mixture. Low chloride concentration of the melt is crucial for low corrosivity.
Active Phase Shifters for the Millimeter and Microwave Bands (2005)

Frequency agile, varactor controlled, Gunn active phase shifters for the microwave and millimeter wave bands are described. Demonstrated performance includes up to 160 degrees of continuous, electronically controlled active phase shifting at 47 GHz with 160 mw output and up to 320 degrees of phase shift at 94 GHz with 40 mw output.
A change-centric approach to compile configurable systems with #ifdefs (2016)

Configurable systems typically use #ifdefs to denote variability. Generating and compiling all configurations may be time-consuming. An alternative consists of using variability-aware parsers, such as TypeChef. However, they may not scale. In practice, compiling the complete systems may be costly. Therefore, developers can use sampling strategies to compile only a subset of the configurations. We propose a change-centric approach to compile configurable systems with #ifdefs by analyzing only configurations impacted by a code change (transformation). We implement it in a tool called CHECKCONFIGMX, which reports the new compilation errors introduced by the transformation. We perform an empirical study to evaluate 3,913 transformations applied to the 14 largest files of BusyBox, Apache HTTPD, and Expat configurable systems. CHECKCONFIGMX finds 595 compilation errors of 20 types introduced by 41 developers in 214 commits (5.46% of the analyzed transformations). In our study, it reduces by at least 50% (an average of 99%) the effort of evaluating the analyzed transformations by comparing with the exhaustive approach without considering a feature model. CHECKCONFIGMX may help developers to reduce compilation effort to evaluate fine-grained transformations applied to configurable systems with #ifdefs.
Investigation of SiO<sub>2</sub>-SiC Interface by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (2006)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM) reveals an atomically flat SiC surface after oxidation in either NO or dry O2 ambients. This reopens the question of the origin of the electronically active defects at the SiO2–SiC interface, whose density remains orders of magnitude higher than in the SiO2–Si interface. Capacitance-transient measurements, analysed in this paper, demonstrate that the dominant electronically active defects are in the oxide at tunneling distances from the SiC surface (near-interface traps). The HR TEM results cannot rule out that these traps are related to carbon/oxygen bonds or even nanometer-sized carbon clusters, which resolves the apparent inconsistency with the earlier experimental evidence of carbon accumulation at (or near) the SiO2–SiC interface.
CoR²Ds: Context-Rooted Rotatable Draggables for Tabletop Interaction (2005)

We present a new popup widget, called CoRDs (Context-Rooted Rotatable Draggables), designed for multi-user direct-touch tabletop environments. CoRDs are interactive callout popup objects that are visually connected (rooted) at the originating displayed object by a semi-transparent colored swath. CoRDs can be used to bring out menus, display drilled-down or off-screen ancillary data such as metadata and attributes, as well as instantiate tools. CoRDs can be freely moved, rotated, and re-oriented on a tabletop display surface by fingers, hands, pointing devices (mice) or marking devices (such as a stylus or light pen). CoRDs address five issues for interaction techniques on interactive tabletop display surfaces: occlusion, reach, context on a cluttered display, readability, and concurrent/coordinated multi-user interaction. In this paper, we present the design, interaction and implementation of CoRDs. We also discuss a set of current usage scenarios.
Status of Four-Junction Cell Development at Fraunhofer ISE (2017)

Four-junction solar cells are being developed for space applications as they promise higher efficiencies compared to the present GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction industry standard. There are multiple technological routes to achieve four-junction cells with the ideal bandgap combination of 1.9 eV, 1.4 eV 1.05 eV and 0.7 eV. This includes metamorphic growth concepts and direct semiconductor wafer bonded technology. All cell designs have their specific advantages and challenges. Therefore, at Fraunhofer ISE a plurality of different four-junction cell concepts is under investigation. The current status of the development and a discussion of so far achieved characteristics are presented in this work.
The psychology of social impact. (1981)

The author proposes a theory of social im- pact specifying the effect of other persons on an in- dividual. According to the theory, when other people are the source of impact and the individual is the target, impact should be a multiplicative function of the strength, immediacy, and number of other people. Fur- thermore, impact should take the form of a power func- tion, with the marginal effect of the Nth other person being less than that of the (N — l)th. Finally, when other people stand with the individual as the target of forces from outside the group, impact should be divided such that the resultant is an inverse power function of the strength, immediacy, and number of persons stand- ing together. The author reviews relevant evidence from research on conformity and imitation, stage fright and embarrassment, news interest, bystander interven- tion, tipping, inquiring for Christ, productivity in groups, and crowding in rats. He also discusses the unresolved issues and desirable characteristics of the theory.
The expression of cytokines, growth factors and ICAM‐1 in the healing of human cutaneous xenografts on nude mice (1997)

We postulate that wound healing is an orderly process mediated by a programmed expression of cytokines and growth factors. We suggest that these factors are produced in a consistent sequence, in regulated quantities and eliminated when their function is complete. We report here the results of studies on several cytokines, growth factors and the intercellular adhesion molecule expressed during the healing of grafts were visible clinically around 3-5 days post-graft and were completed by 4 weeks post-graft. During the 1st 2 weeks, we observed the following. (i) K-14 keratin was prominent throughout the entire epidermis. Thereafter it was limited to basal cell layers. (ii) Langerhans cells were not detectable with anti-human CD1a antibodies during the first week of healing but were clearly detectable 2 weeks post-graft. (iii) DOPA (dihydroxy phenylalanine) positive melanocytes gradually increased with time. The epidermis 21 to 28 days post-graft clinically and histologically seemed to be morphologically intact. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was clearly detected in some basal cells of the epidermis, especially in melanocytes and some keratinocytes during the early stage of healing. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) was detected in epidermis first in melanocytes and some keratinocytes shortly after grafting and again in the late stage of healing. It was also found in some dermal cells. Its expression coincided with keratinocyte proliferation and melanocyte migration. TGF-beta was strongly expressed in the epidermis and dermis after the first week post graft. (iv) ICAM-1 was transiently expressed only at the onset of healing. We previously reported that pro-opiomelanocortin and its derivatives MSH/ ACTH are expressed strongly during the healing of human xenografts. The 4 additional molecules which are the subject of this report all are expressed in healing human skin in a predictable sequence and quantity (intensity of stain). Together these data support our hypothesis that healing is a highly regulated process mediated by numerous cytokines.
Identification of proteolytic processing sites within the Gag and Pol polyproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (1993)

N-terminal amino acid sequencing, ion spray mass spectrometry, and cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates were used to identify the N and C termini of the mature Gag and Pol proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The Gag polyprotein encodes matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. The Gag-Pol polyprotein encodes, in addition to the above proteins, protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), dUTPase (DU), and integrase (IN). Secondary cleavage of RT at Trp-595-Tyr-596 of Pol yields a truncated form lacking the C-terminal RNase H domain. The observed and expected molecular masses of the viral proteins were in agreement, with three exceptions. (i) The molecular mass of MA was 14,735 Da, compared with a predicted mass of 14,649 Da, based on a single cleavage at Tyr-135-Pro-136 of Gag. The observed molecular mass is consistent with myristoylation of MA, which was confirmed by metabolic labeling of FIV MA with [3H]myristic acid. (ii) The N terminus of the NC protein is generated via cleavage at Gln-366-Val-367 of Gag, which predicts a mass of 25,523 for CA and 9,101 for the major form of NC. The observed mass of CA was 24,569, consistent with loss of nine C-terminal amino acids by a second cleavage of CA at Leu-357-Leu-358. Synthetic FIV protease accurately cleaved synthetic peptide substrates containing this site. (iii) The actual mass of NC (7,120 Da) was approximately 2 kDa smaller than the mass predicted by synthesis to the stop codon at the end of Gag (9,101 Da). Experiments are in progress to characterize additional cleavage(s) in NC.
건축물 화재성상 시뮬레이션을 위한 연소 확대 모델 개발 및 적용사례(I) (2011)

본 연구는 건축물 화재성상 시뮬레이션 개발을 위한 기초 연구 자료로서 건축물 화재시 높은 비중의 가연물과 좁은 이격거리로 인하여 화재 발생시 급격히 연소확대될 위험성이 높고, 개구분출화염이 건물 화재확산의 중요한 요인이나 이 분야에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이며, 또한 화재성상 예측시 기존 시뮬레이션에서 화재확산의 중요한 인자인 바람의 요소가 고려되지 않았다. 이에 대하여 개구분출 실물화재실험을 통하여 유풍시 개구분출화염에 기인한 수식을 도출하였으며, 이를 기반으로 향후 기존의 바람 인자를 고려하지 않은 화재성상 예측 시뮬레이션에 적용 가능성을 모색하여 국내 실정에 맞는 화재 성상 시뮬레이션 개발 구축에 대한 기초자료로 제시한다.
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher's disease: a systematic review (2006)

Although ERT for treating the 'average' Gaucher's disease patient exceeds the normal upper threshold for cost-effectiveness seen in NHS policy decisions by over ten-fold, some argue that since orphan drug legislation encouraged the manufacture of Cerezyme, and Gaucher's disease can be defined as an orphan disease, the NHS has little option but to provide it, despite its great expense. More information is required before the generalisability of the findings can be determined. Although data from the UK have been used wherever possible, these were very thin indeed. Nonetheless, even large errors in estimates of the distribution of genotype, genotype--phenotype associations, effectiveness and numbers of patients will not reduce the ICER to anywhere near the upper level of treatments usually considered cost-effective. Further research could help to clarify the many uncertainties that exist. However, although doing so will be of clinical interest, it is questionable whether, within the current pricing environment, such research would have any substantive impact on policy decisions. It is highly improbable that, whatever the findings of such research, the ICER could be brought down by the orders of magnitude required to make ERT an efficient use of health service resources. (The possible exception to this would be investigating the most efficient alternative treatment strategies for using ERT in a paediatric population only.) Moreover, if under equity considerations for orphan diseases the NHS feels it is important to provide this drug, regardless of its cost-effectiveness, then refining the precision of the ICER estimate also becomes superfluous.
Therapeutic Effects of Small-Particle Aerosols of Ribavirin on Parainfluenza (Sendai) Virus Infections of Mice (1976)

Small-particle aerosol administration of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) increased survival rates, extended the time to death, delayed lung pathology, and reduced pulmonary virus levels in Sendai virus-infected mice.
Ocular Manifestations of Ethambutol (1962)

Introduction Ethambutol* (2,2'-(ethylenediamino) di1-butanol) is an experimental drug which shows promise against resistant tubercle bacilli. It has been used experimentally in patients refractory to all other antituberculous medication. To date, 18 patients have been placed on the drug in various centers throughout the country. They received dosages varying from 60 to 100 mg. per kilogram body weight per day. Eight of these patients developed either mild or severe toxic amblyopia. The following case demonstrates the features of the ocular toxicity of ethambutol. Report of a Case The patient, a 49-year-old white male, was admitted on March 9, 1961, with tuberculosis resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH), and aminosalicylic acid (PAS). He has been known to have diabetes since April, 1960. The patient smokes 1½ packages of cigarettes a day and is a chronic alcoholic. The past history is otherwise negative. Physical Examination. —Vital signs were normal. The trachea was deviated to
Time-domain diffuse optics: towards next generation devices (2015)

Diffuse optics is a powerful tool for clinical applications ranging from oncology to neurology, but also for molecular imaging, and quality assessment of food, wood and pharmaceuticals. We show that ideally time-domain diffuse optics can give higher contrast and a higher penetration depth with respect to standard technology. In order to completely exploit the advantages of a time-domain system a distribution of sources and detectors with fast gating capabilities covering all the sample surface is needed. Here, we present the building block to build up such system. This basic component is made of a miniaturised source-detector pair embedded into the probe based on pulsed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) as sources and Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) or Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) as detectors. The possibility to miniaturized and dramatically increase the number of source detectors pairs open the way to an advancement of diffuse optics in terms of improvement of performances and exploration of new applications. Furthermore, availability of compact devices with reduction in size and cost can boost the application of this technique.
Some reactions of ethyl azidoformate with quinones (1977)

Ethyl azidoformate has been allowed to react with 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone under different thermolytic conditions. A variety of products involving addition, substitution, insertion, and molecular rearrangement have been observed. The nature and yields of these products under different conditions are discussed inrelation to the mechanisms proposed for these reactions.