gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Localization and in Situ DNA Damage by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nucleoside-diphosphate Kinase (2004)

Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mNdK) is a secretory protein, but the rationale behind secreting an enzyme involved in the maintenance of cellular pool of nucleoside triphosphates is not clearly understood. To elucidate the biological significance of mNdK secretion, we expressed mNdK fused to green fluorescent protein in HeLa and COS-1 cells. Interestingly, mNdK was detected in the nuclei of HeLa and COS-1 cells. Incubation of mNdK with nuclei isolated from HeLa and COS-1 cells led to in situ damage of chromosomal DNA. Surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated that mNdK binds supercoiled plasmid DNA lacking apurinic/apyrimidinic sites with a dissociation constant of 30 +/- 3.2 mum. Plasmid cleavage by mNdK was found to be dependent on the specific divalent metal ion and inhibited by a metal ion chelator. Moreover, the metal ion-dependent DNA cleavage by mNdK was mediated by superoxide radicals as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. The cleavage reaction was inhibited under nitrogen atmosphere confirming the necessity of molecular oxygen for DNA cleavage. In view of the findings that mNdK is secreted by intracellular mycobacteria and damages the nuclear DNA, it can be postulated that mNdK may cause cell death that could help in the dissemination of the pathogen.
Application of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems (2021)

The current wireless communication infrastructure has to face exponential development in mobile traffic size, which demands high data rate, reliability, and low latency. MIMO systems and their variants (i.e., Multi-User MIMO and Massive MIMO) are the most promising 5G wireless communication systems technology due to their high system throughput and data rate. However, the most significant challenges in MIMO communication are substantial problems in exploiting the multiple-antenna and computational complexity. The recent success of RL and DL introduces novel and powerful tools that mitigate issues in MIMO communication systems. This article focuses on RL and DL techniques for MIMO systems by presenting a comprehensive review on the integration between the two areas. We first briefly provide the necessary background to RL, DL, and MIMO. Second, potential RL and DL applications for different MIMO issues, such as detection, classification, and compression; channel estimation; positioning, sensing, and localization; CSI acquisition and feedback, security, and robustness; mmWave communication and resource allocation, are presented.
Teratogenic compounds of <i>Veratrum californicum</i> (Durand). V. Comparison of cyclopian effects of steroidal alkaloids from the plant and structurally related compounds from other sources (1968)

Abstract Cyclopamine, and its glycoside alkaloid X, along with jervine and veratrosine, induced cyclopian malformations in offspring born to ewes ingesting these compounds on the fourteenth day of gestation. Other steroidal alkaloids with somewhat similar structures and various other steroidal compounds including certain hormones and steroidal sapogenins did not induce the malformation.
Offline sketch parsing via shapeness estimation (2015)

In this work, we target at the problem of offline sketch parsing, in which the temporal orders of strokes are unavailable. It is more challenging than most of existing work, which usually leverages the temporal information to reduce the search space. Different from traditional approaches in which thousands of candidate groups are selected for recognition, we propose the idea of shapeness estimation to greatly reduce this number in a very fast way. Based on the observation that most of hand-drawn shapes with well-defined closed boundaries can be clearly differentiated from nonshapes if normalized into a very small size, we propose an efficient shapeness estimation method. A compact feature representation as well as its efficient extraction method is also proposed to speed up this process. Based on the proposed shapeness estimation, we present a three-stage cascade framework for offline sketch parsing. The shapeness estimation technique in this framework greatly reduces the number of false positives, resulting in a 96.2% detection rate with only 32 candidate group proposals, which is two orders of magnitude less than existing methods. Extensive experiments show the superiority of the proposed framework over stateof-the-art works on sketch parsing in both effectiveness and efficiency, even though they leveraged the temporal information of strok.
Ziegler–Natta catalysts on silica for ethylene polymerization (1991)

Abstract The amount of dibutylmagnesium (DBM) or triethylaluminum (TEAL) that reacted with silica at 55–60°C depended on the silica calcining temperature. Lower silica calcining temperatures resulted in more Mg or Al fixed to the silica surface, indicating greater amounts of DBM or TEAL reacting with the silica. The amount of the metal alkyls butyl(octyl) magnesium ethoxide, ethylaluminum dichloride, tri‐ n ‐hexylaluminum, and diethyl(ethyldimethylsilanolato) aluminum that reacted with 600°C calcined silica was also determined. The metal alkyl can react with the silica at two sites, a surface hydroxyl group and a siloxane group. The silica surface hydroxyl groups can be chemically converted to trimethylsilyl groups so that only the siloxane groups are available for attack. After the metal alkyl was reacted with silica, the resulting intermediate was treated with titanium tetrachloride to yield an ethylene polymerization catalyst in the presence of TEAL. When no metal alkyl was employed, titanium tetrachloride reacted only with the silica surface hydroxyl groups to yield a weakly active ethylene polymerization catalyst.
A statistical polishing pad model for chemical-mechanical polishing (2002)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has emerged as a critical technology for advanced integrated circuit fabrication. This paper presents for the first time a physical CMP model that includes the effects of polishing pad roughness and dynamic interaction between pad and wafer. Two new feature-scale polishing mechanisms based on asperity theory are proposed and investigated experimentally. a statistical asperity model is first introduced and applied to characterize surface roughness of polishing pads. The data is then used to calculate pad-wafer contact properties and predict feature-scale polishing rates. CMP experiments suggest that the time-dependent deformation of polishing pads and asperity-device interaction both affect planarization of device features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cross-talk Characteristics of a Hybrid Multi-core Fiber Transmission System Using Distributed Raman Amplification (2013)

We proposed a novel hybrid multi-core fiber transmission system using distributed Raman amplification. Cross-talk characteristics of the system were theoretically clarified. The cross-talk of a core increased with the Raman gain of the adjacent core.
Hosting services-linking the information warehouse to the information consumer (2002)

The warehouse and highway analogies of the information infrastructure address the storage and transport of information. To create information services for end-users, the infrastructure needs to address also the "retail" functions of ubiquitous availability, customer support, billing, advertising, and packaging the information in an easy-to-use form, accessible to the information consumers. This paper describes the concepts and functions of hosting services, designed to address these "retail" functions and fill the gaps between the raw information "mine", the information warehouse, and the information consumer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative pixel-wise measurement of myocardial blood flow: The impact of surface coil-related field inhomogeneity and a comparison of methods for its correction (2015)

This study demonstrates that surface coil-related field inhomogeneity can confound pixel-wise MBF quantification. Whilst a PD-based SCIC led to a more homogenous correction than a saturation recovery SSFP-based technique, this did not result in an appreciable difference in the differentiation of ischaemic from remote coronary territories and thus either method could be applied.
A 34 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ DRAM cell fabricated with a 1 /spl mu/m single-level polycide FET technology (1981)

Dynamic RAM test arrays have been fabricated using a single-level polycide FET technology and a cell layout in which the top electrode of a given cell storage capacitor is provided by the adjacent word line. This layout achieves the same density as the conventional double-polysilicon cell, and comparable performance is obtained using a low-resistance polycide word line. Hi-C implants in the storage region provide increased capacitance, better isolation, and reduced transient noise. Design and operation considerations for the cell and arrays are described and measured results are compared to the design values. A cell area of 34 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ is achieved using a scaled-down n-channel FET technology with a 22.5 nm gate oxide and 1 /spl mu/m minimum mask feature size.
On the possibility of positive-ion detection in gaseous TPCs and its potential use for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in <sup>136</sup>Xe (2018)

The neutralization of slow positive ions on solid surfaces can lead to the emission of secondary electrons in Auger-type processes. We discuss the possibility of harnessing such mechanisms to the detection of positive ions in gaseous TPCs. Applied to high pressure xenon, the proposed idea may enable reconstructing with high accuracy the topology of candidate neutrinoless double beta decay events of Xe-136 without sacrificing the energy resolution of pure Xe gas. Candidate secondary electron emitters are discussed, as well as the expected efficiencies, challenges and potential pitfalls.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Unusually Young Patients Who Consumed Venison (2001)

Although the occurrence of 3 unusually young patients with CJD who consumed venison suggested a possible relationship with CWD, our follow-up investigation found no strong evidence for a causal link. Ongoing CJD surveillance remains important for continuing to assess the risk, if any, of CWD transmission to humans.
Capability-based access control for multi-tenant systems using OAuth 2.0 and Verifiable Credentials (2021)

We propose a capability-based access control technique for sharing Web resources, based on Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and OAuth 2.0. VCs are a secure means for expressing claims about a subject. Although VCs are ideal for encoding capabilities, the lack of standards for exchanging and using VCs impedes their adoption and limits their interoperability. We mitigate this problem by integrating VCs into the OAuth 2.0 authorization flow. To this end, we propose a new form of OAuth 2.0 access token based on VCs. Our approach leverages JSON Web Tokens (JWT) to encode VCs and takes advantage of JWT-based mechanisms for proving VC possession. Our solution not only requires minimum changes to existing OAuth 2.0 code bases, but it also removes some of the complexity of verifying VC claims by relying on JSON Web Signatures: a simple, standardized, and well supported signature format. Additionally, we fill the gap of VC generation processes by defining a new protocol that leverages the OAuth 2.0 “client credentials” grant.
Sidney and RDS: an evaluation of two persistent storage systems (1999)

Comparative experimentation is increasingly important in computer science, but performing such experiments can be challenging. The paper presents a set of experiments that compare the performance of two persistent storage managers, and answer the question of whether the safer storage manager has performance comparable to the less safe one. This comparison was difficult for a number of reasons, among them: relatively few programs using either storage manager existed and no established benchmarks existed, and the two techniques are incompatible at the source code level, thus making a direct comparison impossible. In particular one storage manager used a malloc-and-free style of dynamic storage allocation, while the other used a high performance concurrent garbage collector. A number of approaches were used to overcome this difficulty. The most novel approach involved tracing the memory management of a production program that used the malloc-and-free based storage manager and then replaying the trace in an environment that allowed garbage collection and malloc-and-free to be compared. The study represents the most extensive study of a garbage collected persistent storage system to date.
Applications of MOS Transistors Operated in the Lateral Bipolar Mode in CMOS Technology (1982)

A bipolar-operated MOS is fully compatible with existing CMOS technologies. Its acceptable gain and excellent noise and matching properties allow interesting circuit schemes which enrich the analog potential of CMOS.
Integrated Cropping Systems for Weed Management (2009)

Summary Integrated cropping systems are gaining prominence on the Canadian Prairies. Research that documents weed management, crop production and economic benefits of single and combined optimal agronomic practices is on-going and is currently being adopted by forward-thinking and innovative growers. These weed management approaches have proven to be effective. There are however, plenty of opportunities to study and improve current systems at research and farm levels. The continued improvement, extension, uptake and feedback of these systems play a key role in increasing the viability, sustainability and competitiveness of our crop industry.
Localization of the site of ventricular preexcitation with body surface maps in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (1982)

Forty-nine patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, ages 7 weeks to 51 years, were studied with isopotential body surface maps during normal sinus rhythm, atrial pacing or induced atrial fibrillation. The location of the accessory pathway was determined by multicather electrophysiologic study or surgical ablation of the accessory pathway. When fusion was minimized and ventricular activation primarily controlled by a single accessory pathway, the distribution of positive and negative potentials on the anterior and posterior torso during QRS (observed at 40 msec) and the ST segment were an excellent index of the location of the site of the accessory pathway. The relationship between a specific sequence of QRS-T wave body surface maps and a specific preexcitation site was similar from patient to patient in the presence of marked differences in age, size, and different cardiac status due to structural congenital cardiac defects. The localization of the site of the accessory pathway using distributions too early in QRS (before 40 msec) was unreliable because the early distributions varied from patient to patient for the same preexcitation site; however, the potential distributions during the ST segment were both stable and consistent from patient to patient for the same preexcitation site. The presence of significant fusion of ventricular activation initiated via a single accessory pathway and the normal conduction system or via multiple accessory pathways complicated the interpretation of body surface distributions. Thus, one can predict accurately at least seven preexcitation sites by the combined use of QRS and ST-segment body surface maps.
An efficient ATM traffic generator for the real-time production of a large class of complex traffic profiles (2005)

This paper presents an advanced architecture for a traffic generator capable of producing ATM traffic streams according to fully general semi-Markovian stochastic models. The architecture employs a basic traffic generator platform and enhances it by adding facilities for “driving” the cell generation process through high-level specifications. Several kinds of optimization are employed for enhancing the software's speed to match the hardware's potential and for ensuring that traffic streams corresponding to models with a wide range of parameters can be generated efficiently and reliably. The proposed traffic generation procedure is highly modular. Thus, although this paper deals with ATM traffic, the main elements of the architecture can be used equally well for generating traffic loads on other networking technologies, IP-based networks being a notable example.
Optical Methods of Measurement: Wholefield Techniques (1999)

Waves deffraction phase evaluation methods detectors and recording materials holographic interferometry speckle metrology photoelasticity the Moire phenomenon
Association Between Performance Measures and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure (2007)

Current heart failure performance measures, aside from prescription of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker at discharge, have little relationship to patient mortality and combined mortality/rehospitalization in the first 60 to 90 days after discharge. Additional measures and better methods for identifying and validating heart failure performance measures may be needed to accurately assess and improve care of patients with heart failure.
Continuous Monitoring of Cardiac Rhythms in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients (2013)

Monitoring of cardiac rhythms is of major importance in the treatment of heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) implanted. A continuous surveillance of these rhythms could improve out-of-hospital care in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiac rhythms using available pump data only. Datasets (n = 141) obtained in the normal ward, in the intensive care unit, and during bicycle ergometry were analyzed in 11 recipients of a continuous flow LVAD (59.1 ± 9.7 years; male 82%). Tachograms and arrhythmic patterns derived from the pump flow waveform, and a simultaneously recorded ECG were compared, as well as heart rate variability parameters such as: the average heart beat duration (RR interval), the standard deviation of the beat duration (SDNN), the root-mean-square of the difference of successive beat durations (RMSSD), and the number of pairs of adjacent beat duration differing by >50 ms divided by the number of all beats (pNN50). A very good agreement of cardiac rhythm parameters from the pump flow compared with ECG was found. Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and extrasystoles could be accurately identified from the tachograms derived from the pump flow. Also, Bland-Altman analysis comparing pump flow with ECG indicated a very small difference in average RR interval of 0.3 ± 1.0 ms, in SSDN of 0.5 ± 2.7 ms, in RMSSD of 1.0 ± 5.6 ms, and in pNN50 of 0.3 ± 1.0%. Continuous monitoring of cardiac rhythms from available pump data is possible. It has the potential to reduce the out-of-hospital diagnostic burden and to permit a more efficient adjustment of the level of mechanical support.
Audit of motor weakness and premature catheter dislodgement after epidural analgesia in major abdominal surgery (2008)

In a quality improvement audit on epidural analgesia in 300 patients after major abdominal surgery, we identified postoperative lower leg weakness and premature catheter dislodgement as the most frequent causes of premature discontinuation of postoperative epidural infusion. Lower limb motor weakness occurred in more than half of the patients with lumbar epidural analgesia. In a second period monitoring 177 patients, lumbar catheter insertion was abandoned in favour of exclusive thoracic placement for epidural catheters. Additionally, to prevent outward movement, the catheters were inserted deeper into the epidural space (mean (SD) 5.2 (1.5) cm in Period Two vs 4.6 (1.3) cm in Period One). Lower leg motor weakness declined from 14.7% to 5.1% (odds ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.74) between the two periods. Similarly, the frequency of premature catheter dislodgement was reduced from 14.5% to 5.7% (odds ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.72). With a stepwise logistic regression model we demonstrated that the odds of premature catheter dislodgement was reduced by 43% for each centimetre of additional catheter advancement in Period Two. We conclude that careful audit of specific complications can usefully guide changes in practice that improve success of epidural analgesia regimens.
Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and C‐terminal fragments release histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells (1991)

1. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) seem to act on at least two receptor subtypes, Y1 and Y2. The Y1-receptor requires the whole C-terminally amidated NPY/PYY molecule whereas the Y2-receptor in addition recognizes C-terminal fragments of the two peptides. The present study was designed to elucidate whether NPY and related peptides were able to release histamine from isolated peritoneal mast cells of the rat. 2. NPY, NPY 15-36, NPY 22-36, NPY 26-36 and desamido-NPY evoked a concentration-dependent release of mast-cell histamine. The pEC15 values for NPY 15-36 and NPY 22-36 were higher, while the pEC15 value for NPY 26-36 was lower than that for NPY. At the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM), NPY and its C-terminal fragments released between 30 and 40% of the total histamine content. At the same concentration desamido-NPY released about 20%. 3. PYY and PYY 15-36 also evoked a concentration-dependent release of mast-cell histamine. PYY was more effective than PYY 15-36 since, at 0.1 mM, PYY released about 33%, while PYY 15-36 released about 15% of the total histamine content. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the Y1-receptor-selective agonist [Pro34]NPY were virtually inactive. 4. The effect profile of the NPY/PYY-related peptides suggests that they act on the mast cells by a mechanism that does not involve either of the receptor subtypes hitherto described. The kinetics of the NPY-evoked histamine release may suggest that positively charged amino acid residues of NPY/PYY release mast-cell histamine by a non-receptor mechanism, as has been suggested for substance P and other basic peptides.
A plan for a profitable 2014 (2014)

In my mind February is really the first month of the new year. Most of us use January to spend our last days on the beach and then we struggle to get going at work. But in February the holiday feeling has abandoned us and it is full throttle ahead. I hope that each of you are ready to tackle 2014 with new energy and loads of plans.