gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium‐enhanced off‐resonance contrast angiography (2007)

We describe a novel physical basis and methodology for gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRA, which we call "off-resonance contrast angiography" (ORCA). Unlike standard contrast-enhanced (CE) MR angiography (MRA), ORCA contrast depends not on T(1) but on Gd-induced shifts in intravascular resonance frequency due to the bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) effects of Gd. The method was tested at 3 Tesla in phantoms with a range of dilutions of Gd-DTPA and ultrasmall iron oxide contrast agent (CA). With the use of ORCA, complete background suppression was obtained without image subtraction. As a result, catheters filled with various Gd dilutions proved to be highly conspicuous in ORCA projection images. This feature may make ORCA particularly attractive for passive catheter tracking during MR-guided endovascular procedures. Gd-induced intravascular frequency shifts were measured in human subjects and found to be in the expected range. ORCA was used to create angiograms of forearm veins that were comparable in quality to standard CE-MRA. In addition, ORCA images of the extracranial carotid bifurcation were successfully acquired during intravenous contrast administration. However, significant technical restrictions also exist, including a dependence on vessel orientation with respect to B(0), and sensitivity to static field inhomogeneities. Further study is needed to determine the practicality and potential clinical utility of this method.
Effects of physicochemical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles on cellular uptake (2011)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been used as a source of zinc, an essential trace element in food industry and also widely applied to various cosmetic products. However, there are few researches demonstrating that the cellular uptake behaviours of ZnO with respect to the physicochemical characteristics such as particle size and surface charge in human cells. In this study, we evaluated the cellular uptake of ZnO with two different sizes (20 and 70 nm) and different charges (positive and negative). Human lung epithelial cells were exposed to ZnO for a given time, and then the uptake amount of ZnO was measured with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results showed that the smaller sized ZnO could more easily enter the cells than the larger sized ZnO. In terms of surface charge, positively charged ZnO showed high cellular uptake compared to ZnO with negative charge. The internalization pathway of positively charged ZnO nanoparticles was determined to be primarily related to the energy-dependent endocytosis. It is, therefore, concluded that the particle size and surface charge of ZnO nanoparticles are critical factors influencing on their cellular uptake. Understanding the cellular uptake behaviours of nanoparticles with respect to physicochemical properties may be important to predict their toxicity potential on human.
HAVE SCREWDRIVER, WILL STEAL. (1994)

A CAR IS STOLEN EVERY 20 SECONDS IN THE UNITED STATES; AND AS THE THIEVES WILL TESTIFY, IT COULDN'T BE SIMPLER.
Purification and properties of a chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum autolysates (1995)

A chitinase (EC. 3.2.1.14) from autolysed culture filtrate of Penicillium oxalicum was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band in SDS gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is an acidic protein with a pI of 4.5 and has a molecular weight of 54,900 as estimated from SDS gel electrophoresis and 21,500 from gel filtration. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 45 degrees C and in a pH range between 4.0 and 6.0. The Km was 2.5 mg ml-1 for colloidal chitin, Hg2+ and Ag+ were effective inhibitors. The viscosimetric study carried out using carboxymethyl chitin as substrate revealed the endotype action of this enzyme.
Diffractive coupling in gold nanoparticle arrays and the effect of disorder (2009)

Two-dimensional arrays of gold nanoparticles with a periodicity commensurate with the wavelength of resonant excitation of localized plasmons have been shown to exhibit a strong long-range interaction between particles. We investigate experimentally the effect of varying the degree of disorder in the geometrical arrangement from a periodic to a disordered lattice with constant occupancy. We also investigate the effect of disorder arising from variations in particle size for a regular lattice, and the effect this has on the broadening of the spectral line shape is discussed. A coupled dipole model is used to describe the observed spectral features.
A New Self-Condensation Product of Biacetyl<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Self-Condensation Product of Biacetyl1aRobert Shapiro, John Hachmann, and Renee WahlCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 8, 2710–2712Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01346a528https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01346a528research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Don't Ask, Don't Tell, but Benzodiazepines Are Still the Leading Treatments for Anxiety Disorder (2002)

Article AbstractModern guidelines for psychopharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders have evolved from recommending GABAergic (gammaaminobutryic acid) benzodiazepines to recommending serotonergic agents for first-line use. This trend, along with adverse publicity about the dependence potential of benzodiazepines, might lead one to suspect that benzodiazepines, once prominent in the 1980s but now generic and often disparaged, must have significantly declined in use. Not so. In fact, benzodiazepines are still more widely prescribed than antidepressants for the treatment of anxiety disorders (Table 1), and alprazolam is the single most commonly prescribed agent for mood and anxiety disorders(Table 2).
NASCUP: Nucleic Acid Sequence Classification by Universal Probability (2015)

Motivated by the need for fast and accurate classification of unlabeled nucleotide sequences on a large scale, we developed NASCUP, a new classification method that captures statistical structures of nucleotide sequences by compact context-tree models and universal probability from information theory. NASCUP achieved BLAST-like classification accuracy consistently for several large-scale databases in orders-of-magnitude reduced runtime, and was applied to other bioinformatics tasks such as outlier detection and synthetic sequence generation.
Distributed Detection of Node Replication Attacks in Sensor Networks (2005)

The low-cost, off-the-shelf hardware components in unshielded sensor-network nodes leave them vulnerable to compromise. With little effort, an adversary may capture nodes, analyze and replicate them, and surreptitiously insert these replicas at strategic locations within the network. Such attacks may have severe consequences; they may allow the adversary to corrupt network data or even disconnect significant parts of the network. Previous node replication detection schemes depend primarily on centralized mechanisms with single points of failure, or on neighborhood voting protocols that fail to detect distributed replications. To address these fundamental limitations, we propose two new algorithms based on emergent properties (Gligor (2004)), i.e., properties that arise only through the collective action of multiple nodes. Randomized multicast distributes node location information to randomly-selected witnesses, exploiting the birthday paradox to detect replicated nodes, while line-selected multicast uses the topology of the network to detect replication. Both algorithms provide globally-aware, distributed node-replica detection, and line-selected multicast displays particularly strong performance characteristics. We show that emergent algorithms represent a promising new approach to sensor network security; moreover, our results naturally extend to other classes of networks in which nodes can be captured, replicated and re-inserted by an adversary.
A Proposal of a New Dielectric Resonator Construction for MIC's (1983)

A compact and high-temperature-stable dielectric resonator having no shielding metal walls nor a conventional frequency tuning screw is described. This resonator consists of a high epsilon/sub r/ dielectric resonator element mounted on a low-loss dielectric mount, a dielectric disk with thin metal film fixed on the resonator element, and a microstrip line substrate on which to mount the constituents. The resonant frequency tuning is made by trimming the metal film on the disk. The TE/sub 01delta/ -mode resonant frequencies are analyzed through dielectric waveguide model application. Less than 1-percent analytical error is presented in comparison with the experimental data for a practical resonator. The frequency tuning limit by metal film trimming is about 7 percent. The unfoaded Q value of 2700 at 8.8 GHz and a 4.4-ppm/deg frequency temperature coefficient are obtained.
Primer ID Validates Template Sampling Depth and Greatly Reduces the Error Rate of Next-Generation Sequencing of HIV-1 Genomic RNA Populations (2015)

Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized sequencing strategies, it suffers from serious limitations in defining sequence heterogeneity in a genetically diverse population, such as HIV-1 due to PCR resampling and PCR/sequencing errors. The Primer ID approach reveals the true sampling depth and greatly reduces errors. Knowing the sampling depth allows the construction of a model of how to maximize the recovery of sequences from input templates and to reduce resampling of the Primer ID so that appropriate multiplexing can be included in the experimental design. With the defined sampling depth and measured error rate, we are able to assign cutoffs for the accurate detection of minority variants in viral populations. This approach allows the power of NGS to be realized without having to guess about sampling depth or to ignore the problem of PCR resampling, while also being able to correct most of the errors in the data set.
Proposed vertical-type amorphous-silicon field-effect transistors (1984)

Novel amorphous-silicon field-effect transistors (a-Si FET's) with a vertical channel have been proposed and demonstrated for the first time. The channel length of the new FET's is not limited by the photoetching process and thus can be reduced a great deal. Prototype FET's with a channel length of 1 µm had an on-off current ratio of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> and the on-resistance was proportional to the channel length, so far as it was longer than 1 µm.
Preparation of Biodiesel Fuel and Glycerol by Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil (2003)

A research was made of the reaction of transesterification of cottonseed oil,using KOH as catalysts.Through orthogonal analysis of parameters in a four-factor and three-level test,the optimum conditions obtained for the transesterification are molar ratio of methanol to oil 6∶1,usage amount of KOH catalyst 1.1% and reaction temperature 45℃.The unreacted methanol was separated by atmospheric distillation and recycled to reuse for reaction.The reovery of glycerol is conducted by vacuum distillation.The properties of biodiesel fuel has a similar specification to diesel fuel from petroleum.
Implications of modified simplified hybrid process on CIGS devices and minimodules (2008)

The simplified hybrid (SH) process is the platform on which EPV Solar will develop a cost effective CIGS module manufacturing process. We have already implemented the SH process in our large area deposition system. In this report optimization of the Na access to the absorber layer was done by controlling the Cr underlayer thickness. In addition, CIGS process parameters have been modified to get a more uniform layer attaining good efficiency throughout the substrate at lower temperature. This helped us to make minimodule using our existing equipment design. Post-CIGS treatments of samples to passivate the surface before CdS chemical bath deposition have improved our earlier samples. However, this has been found to be less beneficial for newly processed samples reducing the overall processing steps. A textured ZnO window layer deposited on the buffer layer increased device J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</inf> by 5% by reducing reflectance of incident light.
Nursing service management standards : research (2000)

The nursing service manager is responsible and accountable for quality nursing service management to facilitate optimal attainment of the goals/objectives and outcomes within the context and scope of health service delivery of the health care organisation. Quality nursing service management needs to he evaluated against a set of standards in this regard. Standards for nursing service management were formulated in 1987, revised and published in 1992, tested/utilised and exposed to further refinement/revision in 1999. The purpose of this research was therefore to revise existing nursing service standards and this was achieved by means of an exploratory and descriptive longitudinal research design over a period of 12 years. It is recommended that these standards be utilised as a self-evaluation instrument by nursing service managers and that the quality of nursing service management in South African health services be evaluated against these standards.
Die verpleegdiensbestuurder is verantwoordelik en aanspreeklik vir gehalte-verpleegdiensbestuur om optimale bereiking van doelwitte/doelstellings en uitkomste binne die konteks en omvang van gesondheidsdienslewering in 'n gesondheidsdiens te fasiliteer. Die gehalte van verpleegdiensbestuur behoort aan die hand van gestelde standaarde beoordeel te word. Standaarde vir verpleegdiensbestuur is in 1987 geformuleer, hersien en gepubliseer in 1992, getoets/benut en aan verdere verfyning/hersiening in 1999 onderwerp. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om bestaande standaarde vir verpleegdiensbestuur te hersien en hierdie doelstelling is by wyse van 'n verkennende beskrywende longitudinale navorsingsontwerp oor 'n tydperk van 12 jaar uitgevoer. Daar word aanbeveel dat hierdie standaarde as 'n self-evalueringsinstrument deur verpleegdiensbestuurders benut word en dat die gehalte van verpleegdiensbestuur in Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsdienste aan die hand van hierdie standaarde beoordeel word.
Directed biosynthesis of new indolmycins. (1981)

Tryptophan in a concentration of 0.4 microgram/ml increased the production of indolmycin by 37%. The lipophilic character of indolmycin was reduced via directed biosynthesis by substituting the aromatic ring system with a methoxy or hydroxy group in the 5-position of the antibiotic. This substitution was achieved by the addition of the corresponding tryptophan and indole precursors to a growing culture of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 12648. The more hydrophilic indolmycin derivatives displayed a moderate increase in antimicrobial activity as compared to indolmycin, but did not markedly change the Gram-positive/Gram-negative ratio of activity. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that additives substituted in the 6-position were not incorporated into the molecule. Antibiotic titer was reduced by addition of the modified precursors, especially in the case of the precursors substituted in the 6-position.
Measurement of the Statistical Distribution of Gaussian and Laser Sources (1965)

Received 18 November 1965DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.912©1965 American Physical Society
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (1986)

Abstract This article describes the principles and applications of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It provides information on the instrumentation typically used in the AES, including an electron gun, an electron spectrometer, a secondary electron detector, and an ion gun. The article also describes experimental methods and limitations of the AES, including elemental detection sensitivity, electron beam artifacts, sample charging, spectral peak overlap, high vapor pressure samples, and sputtering artifacts.
Vial bottle mouth defect detection based on machine vision (2015)

In order to achieve vial bottle mouth defect detection, this paper proposes a vial bottle mouth defect detection scheme based on machine vision. The scheme is mainly using machine vision software HALCON to study. Firstly, the noise in the bottle mouth image is removed by filtering. Secondly, separating target and background by threshold segmentation. Then, extracting the edges through the edge detection, and finally to the bottle mouth defect identification. Test results show that this method is rapid and efficient for vial bottle mouth defect detection, which has the advantages of high precision and stability.
Recent Advances in Doppler Color Flow Imaging (1987)

カラードップラー心エコー図の最近の進歩と臨床応用について解説した. 本法は通常の断層心エコー図に重ねて, 心臓の任意の断面の血流速度分布図を実時間に動画として表示するもので, 心臓超音波検査の信頼性と領域を飛躍的に高めた. 特に従来の心エコー図で表示が困難な逆流性弁膜症, 左右短絡のある先天性心疾患にその威力が証明されているが, さらに肥大型心筋症の狭窄部位や, 虚血性心疾患の左室内血流分布・心室中隔破裂・冠動脈血流・大動脈解離の診断など, あらゆる心疾患に広く応用されている. また本法と連続波ドップラー法と組合わせて, 狭窄の圧較差の計測・肺動脈圧の推定を行うなど, 従来の心カテーテル検査のすべての情報を無侵襲で, より簡単に得られるようになった. 類似の情報は高速CTやMRIでも得られるが, 本法は比較的に安価な装置で, bedsideで誰でも容易に施行できる点で優れており, 今後長く臨床心臓病学の分野で役立つと思われる. 将来の進歩に関しては, より速い血流のartefactのない記録・血流量の表示・より安価・小型で, 診察机の上における程度の装置の開発, 冠動脈血流診断の実用化などが期待される.
Dosimetric evaluation of compensator intensity modulation-based stereotactic body radiotherapy for Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (2015)

The delivery technique with compensator intensity modulation-based SBRT was evaluated. Concerning target motion, this is thought to be more robust and safer than SBRT for early-stage NSCLC.
A population genomic approach to map recent positive selection in model species (2008)

Based on nearly complete genome sequences from a variety of organisms data on naturally occurring genetic variation on the scale of hundreds of loci to entire genomes have been collected in recent years. In parallel, new statistical tests have been developed to infer evidence of recent positive selection from these data and to localize the target regions of selection in the genome. These methods have now been successfully applied to Drosophila melanogaster, humans, mice and a few plant species. In genomic regions of normal recombination rates, the targets of positive selection have been mapped down to the level of individual genes.
Short Notices (1959)

Short Notices Get access ESMOND WRIGHT ESMOND WRIGHT University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXIV, Issue 291, April 1959, Page 359, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXIV.291.359 Published: 01 April 1959
Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Intake Is Associated With Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity (1994)

Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption in healthy men and women is associated with enhanced insulin-mediated glucose uptake, lower plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in response to oral glucose, and a higher HDL-cholesterol concentration. The changes in glucose and insulin metabolism may contribute to the lower risk of coronary heart disease described in light-to-moderate drinkers.
Possible role of lymphocytes in glucocorticoid-induced increase in trabecular bone mineral density (2014)

Treatment with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids is associated with osteoporosis. Many of the treated patients are postmenopausal women, who even without treatment have an increased risk of osteoporosis. Lymphocytes have been shown to play a role in postmenopausal and arthritis-induced osteoporosis, and they are targeted by glucocorticoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms behind effects of glucocorticoids on bone during health and menopause, focusing on lymphocytes. Female C57BL/6 or SCID mice were therefore sham-operated or ovariectomized and 2 weeks later treatment with dexamethasone (dex), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen, or vehicle was started and continued for 2.5 weeks. At the termination of experiments, femurs were phenotyped using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and high-resolution micro-computed tomography, and markers of bone turnover were analyzed in serum. T and B lymphocyte populations in bone marrow and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Dex-treated C57BL/6 mice had increased trabecular bone mineral density, but lower cortical content and thickness compared with vehicle-treated mice. The dex-treated mice also had lower levels of bone turnover markers and markedly decreased numbers of spleen T and B lymphocytes. In contrast, these effects could not be repeated when mice were treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen. In addition, dex did not increase trabecular bone in ovariectomized SCID mice lacking functional T and B lymphocytes. In contrast to most literature, the results from this study indicate that treatment with dex increased trabecular bone density, which may indicate that this effect is associated with corticosteroid-induced alterations of the lymphocyte populations.
Purification and Characterization of Extracellular and Intracellular Glutamine Synthetases from Mycobacterium bovis BCG (2001)

Slow-growing pathogenic mycobacterium species, including Mycobacterium bovis BCG, secrete a large amount of glutamine synthetase into culture media. Extracellular and intracellular glutamine synthetases were purified from M. bovis BCG. While the native molecular weights of both glutamine synthetases were estimated to be 370.2 kDa, those of the subunits were 61.7 kDa, indicating that the native forms were composed of 6 subunits. The enzymes showed a hhigh thermal stability and high degree of sequence similarity with the glutamine synthetase from M. tuberculosis in the N-terminal amino acid sequence. Western blotting analysis indicated that the antibodies prepared against both the extracellular and intracellular enzymes exhibited common antigen determinants.