gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cell-based therapies (2011)

Allotransplantation of natural killer (NK) cells has been shown to be a key factor in the control and cure of at least some hematologic diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia or pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. These results support the idea that stimulation of NK cells could be an important therapeutic tool in many diseases, and several such approaches are now in clinical trials, sometimes with conflicting results. In parallel, recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing NK-cell maturation and activity show that NK-cell effector functions are controlled by complex mechanisms that must be taken into account for optimal design of therapeutic protocols. We review here innovative protocols based on allotransplantation, use of NK-cell therapies, and use of newly available drug candidates targeting NK-cell receptors, in the light of fundamental new data on NK-cell biology.
Research on service-oriented architecture-based data mining system (2012)

This paper analyzes the characteristics of data mining, and service-oriented architecture(SOA), based on a distributed heterogeneous environment, SOA-based data mining system framework, the use of heterogeneous data integration ontology and the privacy policy ontology applications the domain privacy protection semantic data integration, the use of the center data mining ontology and data mining service quality evaluation body to help the users to dynamically select the applicable data mining services, and further discussion of the system development process and user process.
Up-conversion in Er3+:Y2O3 Nanocrystals Pumped at 808nm (2004)

Er 3 + ion-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals were prepared by coprecipitation synthesis technique. Visible emissions at 650, 540, and 523nm have been observed under excitation at 808nm. Comparing with the stokes emission characteristics of the nanocrystals pumped at 488nm, the up-conversion mechanisms excited at 808nm have been investigated in detail. Excitation power dependent behaviors of the up-converted emission intensities indicate that a two-photon excited state absorption process is responsible for the S3∕24(H11∕22)→I15∕24 transition while a no-resonant energy transfer I9∕24+I11∕24→I9∕24+I13∕24 principally performs the red up-conversion of the F9∕24→I15∕24 transition.
The Role of the Exopolyphosphatase PPX in Avoidance by Neisseria meningitidis of Complement-mediated Killing (2010)

The complement system is critical for immunity against the important human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. We describe the isolation of a meningococcal mutant lacking PPX, an exopolyphosphatase responsible for cleaving cellular polyphosphate, a polymer of tens to hundreds of orthophosphate residues found in virtually all living cells. Bacteria lacking PPX exhibit increased resistance to complement-mediated killing. By site directed mutagenesis, we define amino acids necessary for the biochemical activity of meningococcal PPX, including a conserved glutamate (Glu(117)) and residues in the Walker B box predicted to be involved in binding to phosphate. We show that the biochemical activity of PPX is necessary for interactions with the complement. The relative resistance of the ppx mutant does not result from changes in structures (such as capsule, lipopolysaccharide, and factor H-binding protein), which are known to be required for evasion of this key aspect of host immunity. Instead, expression of PPX modifies the interaction of N. meningitidis with the alternative pathway of complement activation.
Ultimedia Manager: Query By Image Content and its applications (2002)

IBM Almaden Research Center's project on Query By Image Content (QBIC) is studying means to retrieve images from large image databases using image contents such as color, texture, shape and layout. In this paper, we describe the beta version of the PC-based Ultimedia Manager product, which is based on QBIC technology. We outline the product philosophy and give a demonstration of the current version. The product is expected to be announced soon, together with an OEM offering of the QBIC search and query engine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plug-in privacy for Smart Metering billing (2010)

Traditional electricity meters are replaced by Smart Meters in customers' households. Smart Meters collects fine-grained utility consumption profiles from customers, which in turn enables the introduction of dynamic, time-of-use tariffs. However, the fine-grained usage data that is compiled in this process also allows to infer the inhabitant's personal schedules and habits. We propose a privacy-preserving protocol that enables billing with time-of-use tariffs without disclosing the actual consumption profile to the supplier. Our approach relies on a zero-knowledge proof based on Pedersen Commitments performed by a plug-in privacy component that is put into the communication link between Smart Meter and supplier's back-end system. We require no changes to the Smart Meter hardware and only small changes to the software of Smart Meter and back-end system. In this paper we describe the functional and privacy requirements, the specification and security proof of our solution and give a performance evaluation of a prototypical implementation.
Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. (1982)

In this direct colorimetric procedure, serum triglycerides are hydrolyzed by lipase, and the released glycerol is assayed in a reaction catalyzed by glycerol kinase and L-alpha-glycerol-phosphate oxidase in a system that generates hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is monitored in the presence of horseradish peroxidase with 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone as the chromogenic system. The high absorbance of this chromogen system at 510 nm affords useful results with a sample/reagent volume ratio as low as 1:150, and a blank sample measurement is not needed. A single, stable working reagent is used; the reaction is complete in 15 min at room temperature. The standard curve is linear for triglyceride concentrations as great as 13.6 mmol/L. Average analytical recovery of triglycerides in human sera is 100.1%, and within-run and between-run precision studies showed CVs of less than or equal to 1.6 and less than or equal to 3.0%, respectively. The method is suitable for automation.
Inhibitory Activities of Gatifloxacin (AM-1155), a Newly Developed Fluoroquinolone, against Bacterial and Mammalian Type II Topoisomerases (1998)

We determined the inhibitory activities of gatifloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus topoisomerase IV, Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, and HeLa cell topoisomerase II and compared them with those of several quinolones. The inhibitory activities of quinolones against these type II topoisomerases significantly correlated with their antibacterial activities or cytotoxicities (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.926 for S. aureus, r = 0.972 for E. coli, and r = 0.648 for HeLa cells). Gatifloxacin possessed potent inhibitory activities against bacterial type II topoisomerases (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 13.8 microg/ml for S. aureus topoisomerase IV; IC50 = 0.109 microg/ml for E. coli DNA gyrase) but the lowest activity against HeLa cell topoisomerase II (IC50 = 265 microg/ml) among the quinolones tested. There was also a significant correlation between the inhibitory activities of quinolones against S. aureus topoisomerase IV and those against E. coli DNA gyrase (r = 0.969). However, the inhibitory activity against HeLa cell topoisomerase II did not correlate with that against either bacterial enzyme. The IC50 of gatifloxacin for HeLa cell topoisomerase II was 19 and was more than 2,400 times higher than that for S. aureus topoisomerase IV and that for E. coli DNA gyrase. These ratios were higher than those for other quinolones, indicating that gatifloxacin possesses a higher selectivity for bacterial type II topoisomerases.
A transactional activity model for organizing open-ended cooperative activities (2002)

The authors propose a transactional activity model (TAM) for specification and management of open-ended cooperative activities. In contrast to each of the extended transaction models which focus more on a formal template for data processing patterns in an application, the activity model contains a set of formal templates, namely activity patterns, for capturing patterns of object interactions in an application. Using TAM, users may form new activity patterns by combining components of different existing patterns using activity pattern refinement and activity pattern composition mechanisms that include splitting and joining of activities. In TAM, activity histories are used to study the correctness of activity execution and activity restructuring through refinement, composition, split, or join.
Electron spin resonance studies of fluoroalkyl radicals in solution. II. Adducts to fluoroolefins (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance studies of fluoroalkyl radicals in solution. II. Adducts to fluoroolefinsKuang S. Chen, Paul J. Krusic, and Jay K. KochiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 20, 2030–2035Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100613a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100613a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Yet another MicroArchitectural Attack: (2007)

MicroArchitectural Attacks (MA), which can be considered as a special form of Side-Channel Analysis, exploit microarchitectural functionalities of processor implementations and can compromise the security of computational environments even in the presence of sophisticated protection mechanisms like virtualization and sandboxing. This newly evolving research area has attracted significant interest due to the broad application range and the potentials of these attacks. Cache Analysis and Branch Prediction Analysis were the only types of MA that had been known publicly. In this paper, we introduce Instruction Cache (I-Cache) as yet another source of MA and present our experimental results which clearly prove the practicality and danger of I-Cache Attacks.
Approaches to the development of medications for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence (2007)

The evidence supports the rationale that pharmacotherapies to decrease methamphetamine use, or reduce craving during abstinence may be developed from altering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methamphetamine or its effects on appetitive systems in the brain.
<title>Application of CCDs to digital x-ray mammography</title> (1994)

The development of CCDs for use in dental radiology is now well established and provides a base technology for the development of mammography screening detectors. Techniques for overcoming the critical issues of image quality and detection area are discussed and include a 20 line pair/mm resolution capability.
Automated fabrication of photopatterned gelatin hydrogels for organ-on-chips applications (2018)

Organ-on-chip platforms aim to improve preclinical models for organ-level responses to novel drug compounds. Heart-on-a-chip assays in particular require tissue engineering techniques that rely on labor-intensive photolithographic fabrication or resolution-limited 3D printing of micropatterned substrates, which limits turnover and flexibility of prototyping. We present a rapid and automated method for large scale on-demand micropatterning of gelatin hydrogels for organ-on-chip applications using a novel biocompatible laser-etching approach. Fast and automated micropatterning is achieved via photosensitization of gelatin using riboflavin-5'phosphate followed by UV laser-mediated photoablation of the gel surface in user-defined patterns only limited by the resolution of the 15 μm wide laser focal point. Using this photopatterning approach, we generated microscale surface groove and pillar structures with feature dimensions on the order of 10-30 μm. The standard deviation of feature height was 0.3 μm, demonstrating robustness and reproducibility. Importantly, the UV-patterning process is non-destructive and does not alter gelatin micromechanical properties. Furthermore, as a quality control step, UV-patterned heart chip substrates were seeded with rat or human cardiac myocytes, and we verified that the resulting cardiac tissues achieved structural organization, contractile function, and long-term viability comparable to manually patterned gelatin substrates. Start-to-finish, UV-patterning shortened the time required to design and manufacture micropatterned gelatin substrates for heart-on-chip applications by up to 60% compared to traditional lithography-based approaches, providing an important technological advance enroute to automated and continuous manufacturing of organ-on-chips.
Goethes praktische Theaterarbeit (1996)

Eine eigentümlich reziproke Beziehung schien zwischen dem Theaterpraktiker und dem Dramatiker G. zu walten. Es ist ein nicht zu übersehendes biographisches Faktum, daß in Zeiten intensiver Theaterarbeit die dramatische Produktion weitgehend zum Erliegen kam, während sie bei theatraler Abstinenz geradezu aufblühte. G.s Dramen waren immer wieder dem Verdacht geringer Bühnentauglichkeit ausgesetzt, obgleich er sich von einer ausschließlich literarischen Dramatik, die sich nicht zugleich auch an den Erfordernissen des Theaters orientierte, immer wieder distanzierte. Gegenüber David Joseph Veit bekannte er: »Man muß wissen, wie viel unangenehme Teile dazu gehören, bis ein Ganzes angenehmen Effekt macht. Kurz: so wie die Leute reden und schreiben, das heißt meistenteils, ein Stück als Zuschauer schreiben. Hinter die Bühne muß man; man muß die Maschinen und die Leitern kennen« (Veit an Rahel Levin, 19.10. 1794).
Current trends in targeting the hormonal regulation of appetite and energy balance to treat obesity (2010)

With the eruption of the obesity pandemic over the past few decades, much research has been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the human body regulates energy balance. These studies have revealed several mediators, including gut/pancreatic/adipose hormones and neuropeptides that control both short- and long-term energy balance by regulating appetite and/or metabolism. These endogenous mediators of energy balance have been the focus of many anti-obesity drug-development programs aimed at either amplifying endogenous anorexigenic/lipolytic signaling or blocking endogenous orexigenic/lipogenic signaling. Here, we discuss the efficacy and safety of targeting these pathways for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity.
Mechanism by which the lectin actinohivin blocks HIV infection of target cells (2009)

Various lectins have attracted attention as potential microbicides to prevent HIV transmission. Their capacity to bind glycoproteins has been suggested as a means to block HIV binding and entry into susceptible cells. The previously undescribed lectin actinohivin (AH), isolated by us from an actinomycete, exhibits potent in vitro anti-HIV activity by binding to high-mannose (Man) type glycans (HMTGs) of gp120, an envelope glycoprotein of HIV. AH contains 114 aa and consists of three segments, all of which need to show high affinity to gp120 for the anti-HIV characteristic. To generate the needed mechanistic understanding of AH binding to HIV in anticipation of seeking approval for human testing as a microbicide, we have used multiple molecular tools to characterize it. AH showed a weak affinity to Man alpha(1-2)Man, Man alpha(1-2)Man alpha(1-2)Man, of HMTG (Man8 or Man9) or RNase B (which has a single HMTG), but exhibited a strong and highly specific affinity (K(d) = 3.4 x 10(-8) M) to gp120 of HIV, which contains multiple Man8 and/or Man9 units. We have compared AH to an alternative lectin, cyanovirin-N, which did not display similar levels of discrimination between high- and low-density HMTGs. X-ray crystal analysis of AH revealed a 3D structure containing three sugar-binding pockets. Thus, the strong specific affinity of AH to gp120 is considered to be due to multivalent interaction of the three sugar-binding pockets with three HMTGs of gp120 via the "cluster effect" of lectin. Thus, AH is a good candidate for investigation as a safe microbicide to help prevent HIV transmission.
<title>Double dispersion from dichromated gelatin volume transmission gratings</title> (1991)

The use of volume transmission gratings in a wavelength multiplexer can offer significant advantages over surface relief gratings in terms of efficiency and uniformity of response to different polarizations. The authors consider a double pass through the volume transmission grating obtained by placing a mirror behind the grating. This doubles the device dispersion while maintaining good peak diffraction efficiency (>90%) and polarization independence. The authors report the design compromise and fabrication of such volume gratings, produced in dichromated gelatin, targeted to efficiently cover reduced wavelength ranges in either the 1300 or 1500 nm telecommunications window. The experimental performance is described for a range of mirror backed gratings.
Extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis (CCC540) (2014)

In this study a simple protocol was developed for purifying phycocyanin (PC) from <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (CCC540) by using ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by a single step chromatography by using DEAE-Cellulose-11 and acetate buffer. Precipitation with 65 % ammonium sulphate resulted in 80 % recovery of phycocyanin with purity of 1.5 (A<sub>620</sub>/A<sub>280</sub>). Thro1ugh chromatography an 80 % recovery of phycocyanin with a purity of 4.5 (A<sub>620</sub>/A<sub>280</sub>) was achieved. In SDS_PAGE analysis, the purified PC showed the presence of two subunit α (16 kD) and β (17 kD).
Customer Clustering Based on Customer Purchasing Sequence Data (2017)

Customer clustering has become a p riority for enterprises because of the importance of customer relat ionship management. Customer clustering can imp rove understanding of the composition and charact eristics of customers, thereby enabling the creation of appropriate marketing strategies for each customer group. Previously, different customer clustering approaches have been proposed according to data type, namely customer profile data, customer value data, customer transaction data, and customer purchasing sequence data. This paper considers the customer clustering problem in the context of customer purchasing sequence data. However, t wo major aspects distinguish this paper fro m past research: (1) in ou r model, a customer sequence contains itemsets, which is a more realistic configuration than previous models, which assume a customer sequence would merely consist of items; and (2) in our model, a customer may belong to mult iple clusters or no cluster, whereas in existing models a customer is limited to only one cluster. The second difference implies that each cluster discovered using our model represents a crucial type of customer behavior and that a customer can exhibit several types of behavior simultaneously. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted through a retail data set, and the results show that the clusters obtained by our model can provide more accurate descriptions of customer purchasing behaviors.
Covid-19: FDA approves Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in record time (2021)

FDA approves Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine
Effective Jet Properties for the Estimation of Turbulent Mixing Noise Reduction by Water Injection (2007)

A one-dimensional control volume formulation is developed for the determination of jet mixing noise reduction due to water injection. The analysis starts from the conservation of mass, momentum and energy for the control volume, and introduces the concept of effective jet parameters (jet temperature, jet velocity and jet Mach number). It is shown that the water to jet mass flow rate ratio is an important parameter characterizing the jet noise reduction on account of gas-to-droplet momentum and heat transfer. Two independent dimensionless invariant groups are postulated, and provide the necessary relations for the droplet size and droplet Reynolds number. Results are presented illustrating the effect of mass flow rate ratio on the jet mixing noise reduction for a range of jet Mach number and jet Reynolds number. Predictions from the model show satisfactory comparison with available test data on supersonic jets. The results suggest that significant noise reductions can be achieved at increased flow rate ratios.
Fabrication of Silver Vanadium Oxide and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Nanowires for Electrochromics (2008)

Silver vanadium oxide (SVO) and V2O5 nanowires have been hydrothermally synthesized. The as-made nanowires are over 30 microm long and 10-20 nm in diameter. The nanowires have a layered structure with a d-spacing of 1.07 nm. The nanowires can be fabricated into free-standing and flexible sheets by suction filtration. The electrical conductivity of the SVO nanowires is 0.5 S/cm, compared to 0.08 S/cm for the V2O5 nanowires. The Li ion diffusion coefficient in the SVO nanowires was 7 times higher than that in the V2O5 nanowires. An electrochromic device was fabricated from the SVO nanowires that displayed a color-switching time of 0.2 s from the bleached state (green) to the colored state (red-brown) and 60% transmittance contrast.
Preparation and Characterization of Thin Films of SiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> on Gold Substrates for Surface Plasmon Resonance Studies (2006)

We report here on the fabrication and characterization of stable thin films of amorphous silica (SiO(x)) deposited on glass slides coated with a 5 nm adhesion layer of titanium and 50 nm of gold, using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The resulting surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). AFM analysis indicates that homogeneous films of silica with low roughness were formed on the gold surface. The deposited silica films showed excellent stability in different solvents and in piranha solution. There was no significant variation in the thickness or in the SPR signal after these harsh treatments. The Au/SiO(x) interfaces were investigated for their potential applications as new surface plasmon resonance sensor chips. Silica films with thicknesses up to 40 nm allowed visualization of the surface plasmon effect, while thicker films resulted in the loss of the SPR characteristics. SPR allowed further the determination of the silica thickness and was compared to ellipsometric results. Chemical treatment of the SiO(x) film with piranha solution led to the generation of silanol surface groups that have been coupled with a trichlorosilane.