gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SLADE: A Smart Large-Scale Task Decomposer in Crowdsourcing (2018)

Crowdsourcing has been shown to be effective in a wide range of applications, and is seeing increasing use. A large-scale crowdsourcing task often consists of thousands or millions of atomic tasks, each of which is usually a simple task such as binary choice or simple voting. To distribute a large-scale crowdsourcing task to limited crowd workers, a common practice is to pack a set of atomic tasks into a task bin and send to a crowd worker in a batch. It is challenging to decompose a large-scale crowdsourcing task and execute batches of atomic tasks, which ensures reliable answers at a minimal total cost. Large batches lead to unreliable answers of atomic tasks, while small batches incur unnecessary cost. In this paper, we investigate a general crowdsourcing task decomposition problem, called the Smart Large-scAle task DEcomposer (SLADE) problem, which aims to decompose a large-scale crowdsourcing task to achieve the desired reliability at a minimal cost. We prove the NP-hardness of the SLADE problem and propose solutions in both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. For the homogeneous SLADE problem, where all the atomic tasks share the same reliability requirement, we propose a greedy heuristic algorithm and an efficient and effective approximation framework using an optimal priority queue (OPQ) structure with provable approximation ratio. For the heterogeneous SLADE problem, where the atomic tasks can have different reliability requirements, we extend the OPQ-based framework leveraging a partition strategy, and also prove its approximation guarantee. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solutions through extensive experiments on representative crowdsourcing platforms.
A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of adalimumab in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (2011)

A significant reduction in HS severity was gained after 6 weeks. No long-term curative effect was uniformly seen.
Regulation of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce1</i> Operon (2005)

In the murine model of infection, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce1 operon mutant elicits an aberrant granulomatous response, resulting in uncontrolled replication and failure to enter a persistent state. In this study, we demonstrate that the mce1 genes can be transcribed as a 13-gene polycistronic message encompassing Rv0166 to Rv0178. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoblot analyses revealed that the mce1 genes and proteins are expressed during in vitro growth but are significantly down-regulated in intracellular bacilli isolated from murine macrophages. A homologue of the FadR subfamily of GntR transcriptional regulators, Rv0165c (designated Mce1R), lies upstream and is divergently transcribed from the operon. To investigate whether this gene plays a role in regulation of mce1 expression, we created an M. tuberculosis mce1R deletion mutant. There was no difference in expression of mce1 operon genes in Deltamce1R compared to expression in the wild type during logarithmic growth in vitro. However, in bacilli isolated from murine macrophages, expression of mce1 genes was significantly higher in Deltamce1R. In addition, overexpression of mce1R resulted in repression of the mce1 genes. These data demonstrate that Mce1R is a negative regulator that acts intracellularly to repress expression of the mce1 operon. We propose that Mce1R facilitates balanced temporal expression of the mce1 products required for organized granuloma formation, which is both protective to the host and necessary for the persistence of M. tuberculosis.
KDM4B protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction (2018)

Although significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation of in vitro adipogenesis, the physiological functions of epigenetic regulators in metabolism and their roles in obesity remain largely elusive. Here, we report that KDM4B (lysine demethylase 4B) in adipose tissues plays a critical role in energy balance, oxidation, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Loss of KDM4B in mice resulted in obesity associated with reduced energy expenditure and impaired adaptive thermogenesis. Obesity in KDM4B-deficient mice was accompanied by hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and pathological changes in the liver and pancreas. Adipocyte-specific deletion of <i>Kdm4b</i> revealed that the adipose tissues were the main sites for KDM4B antiobesity effects. KDM4B directly controlled the expression of multiple metabolic genes, including <i>Ppargc1a</i> and <i>Ppara</i> Collectively, our studies identify KDM4B as an essential epigenetic factor for the regulation of metabolic health and maintaining normal body weight in mice. KDM4B may provide a therapeutic target for treatment of obesity.
Inflammation and type one diabetes (2012)

Type one diabetes (T1D) is a complex T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, the defining feature of which is the destruction of the insulin-secreting beta- (β)- cell. Both genetic and environmental factors combine to precipitate disease, and the outcome of the pathological process is dependent on multiple inter-related factors. In this review, the mechanisms behind the initiation and propagation of the autoimmune response are analysed, and the contribution of differing T-helper (T(h)) subsets--in particular T(h)1- and T(h)17-related cytokines--to the disease process are discussed. An argument is then synthesized that proposes that the β-cell's response to stress and inflammation is the critical determinant in predicting disease outcome and that, immunologically, a delicate balance exists between regulation and inflammation at the site of islet infiltration. Strategies for disease intervention, therefore, will not only require the induction of T-cell tolerance by tipping the balance towards regulation but will also need to contain approaches that result in the scavenging of inflammatory mediators, in order to facilitate repair. Ultimately, given that clinical diabetes presents late in the autoimmune process, strategies for β-cell regeneration must now be addressed. There is thus a requirement for an increased, collaborative effort between stem cell biologists and immunologists in order to tailor an optimal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this debilitating disease.
Evidence for a Plastid Origin of Plant Ethylene Receptor Genes (2002)

Two genes in the newly complete genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 encode homologs of the ethylene hormone receptors of higher plants, and reanalysis of an ethylene-binding protein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 reveals a third homolog. Here,
Modulation of Type 1 Inositol (1,4,5)-Trisphosphate Receptor Function by Protein Kinase A and Protein Phosphatase 1α (2003)

Type 1 inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R1s) play a major role in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling. The InsP3R1s are phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), but the functional consequences of InsP3R1 phosphorylation and the mechanisms that control the phosphorylated state of neuronal InsP3R1s are poorly understood. In a yeast two-hybrid screen of rat brain cDNA library with the InsP3R1-specific bait, we isolated the protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha). In biochemical experiments, we confirmed the specificity of the InsP3R1-PP1alpha association and immunoprecipitated the InsP3R1-PP1 complex from rat brain synaptosomes and from the neostriatal lysate. We also established that the association with PP1 facilitates dephosphorylation of PKA-phosphorylated InsP3R1 by the endogenous neostriatal PP1 and by the recombinant PP1alpaha. We demonstrated that exposure of neostriatal slices to 8-bromo-cAMP, dopamine, calyculin A, or cyclosporine A, but not to 10 nM okadaic acid, promotes the phosphorylation of neostriatal InsP3R1 by PKA in vivo. We discovered that PKA activates and PP1alpha inhibits the activity of recombinant InsP3R1 reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. We found that phosphorylation of InsP3R1 by PKA induces at least a fourfold increase in the sensitivity of InsP3R1 to activation by InsP3 without shifting the peak of InsP3R1 bell-shaped Ca2+ dependence. Based on these data, we suggest that InsP3R1 may participate in cross talk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in the neostriatum and possibly in other regions of the brain.
<title>Low-cost low-power uncooled 120x160 a-Si-based microinfrared camera for law enforcement applications</title> (2001)

Low power and low cost are primary requirements for an imaging infrared camera serving law enforcement applications. These include handheld, vehicle and helmet mounted systems for search and surveillance applications. In this paper, a 120 X 160 amorphous silicon (a-Si) microbolometer-based uncooled infrared camera technology offering a low cost, low power solution to infrared surveillance for UGS applications is presented. A 120 X 160 micro infrared camera has been demonstrated which exhibits a noise equivalent temperature difference sensitivity approximately 50 mK using f/1 optics and approximately 80 mK using f/1.2 optics. This sensitivity has been achieved without the use of a thermoelectric cooler for array temperature stabilization thereby significantly reducing the power requirements.
A Hybrid Course Recommendation System by Integrating Collaborative Filtering and Artificial Immune Systems (2016)

This research proposes a two-stage user-based collaborative filtering process using an artificial immune system for the prediction of student grades, along with a filter for professor ratings in the course recommendation for college students. We test for cosine similarity and Karl Pearson (KP) correlation in affinity calculations for clustering and prediction. This research uses student information and professor information datasets of Yuan Ze University from the years 2005–2009 for the purpose of testing and training. The mean average error and confusion matrix analysis form the testing parameters. A minimum professor rating was tested to check the results, and observed that the recommendation systems herein provide highly accurate results for students with higher mean grades.
Caveolin-1 is required for fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) localization and function at the plasma membrane of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (2006)

Several lines of evidence suggest that lipid rafts are involved in cellular fatty acid uptake and influence fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) function. However, it remains unknown whether caveolae, a specialized raft type, are required for this mechanism. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and caveolin-1 knockout (KO) MEFs, which are devoid of caveolae, have comparable overall expression of FAT/CD36 protein but altered subcellular FAT/CD36 localization and function. In WT MEFs, FAT/CD36 was isolated with both lipid raft enriched detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) and detergent-soluble membranes (DSMs), whereas in cav-1 KO cells it was exclusively associated with DSMs. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that FAT/CD36 in WT MEFs was localized intracellularly and at the plasma membrane level while in cav-1 KO MEFs it was absent from the plasma membrane. This mistargeting of FAT/CD36 in cav-1 KO cells resulted in reduced fatty acid uptake compared to WT controls. Adenoviral expression of caveolin-1 in KO MEFs induced caveolae formation, redirection of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane and rescue of fatty acid uptake. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that caveolin-1 is necessary to target FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 may influence fatty acid uptake by regulating surface availability of FAT/CD36.
Enzymkatalysierte Cyanhydrin‐Synthese in organischen Lösungsmitteln (1987)

Eine weitgehende Zurückdrängung der chemischen zugunsten der enzymatischen Reaktion ist bei der Addition von Blausäure an Aldehyde gelungen. Diese Reaktion ergibt in Ethylacetat mit Mandelonitril‐Lyase („( R )‐Oxynitrilase”︁) die Cyanhydrine 3 mit bis zu 99% ee ; in H 2 O/EtOH wurden maximal 86% ee erreicht. magnified image
A novel plasmid-encoded phage abortive infection system from Lactococcus lactis biovar. diacetylactis (2006)

A 16-kb plasmid (pND859) was identified from Lactococcus lactis biovar. diacetylactis UK12922 which encodes phage resistance to the small isometric phage 712 when tested in L. lactis LM0230. The gene encoding phage abortive infection, designated abi-859, was localized on a 1.2-kb region which consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 846 bp preceded by a potential ribosome-binding site and a putative promoter region. A helix-turn-helix region typical of DNA-binding motifs was identified near the N-terminal of the abi-859 product, suggesting a possible interaction with the phage DNA.
Effect of Enteral Feeding on Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation and Fecal Bile Acid Profiles in the Rat (1993)

The preservation of colonic mucosal mass requires the presence of feces; thus, colonic hypoplasia develops with enteral feeding. Fermentable soy fiber may maintain fecal bulk and prevent mucosal atrophy. We therefore compared the effects of Enrich (containing soy fiber) with Ensure (fiber-free) on mucosal mass, fecal bile acids, and cell proliferation in the rat. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 20) were randomized into groups receiving either standard rat food, Enrich, or Ensure. After 4 weeks, rats were weighed and killed at intervals after administration of vincristine sulfate (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally), which was given to induce metaphase arrest within the intestinal crypts and to allow calculation of crypt cell production rate. Fecal free bile acids and neutral steroids were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Nucleic acid concentrations in the small and large intestine and crypt cell production rate in the small bowel were unaffected by diet. In the proximal large bowel, both enteral diets produced a marked reduction in crypt cell production rate to values only 5% to 7.5% of control values (p < .001). In the midcolon of rats fed Ensure, there was a similar reduction, but this hypoplastic effect was completely prevented by Enrich. Without an elevation in the lithocolic acid to deoxycholic acid ratio, secondary bile acid concentrations were increased in rats receiving Enrich (p < .05 to .01) but not in those receiving Ensure. Thus, fermentable soy fiber diets may prevent the midcolonic mucosal hypoplasia induced by enteral feeding.
Primary structure of a lambda Bence Jones protein (Os). (1989)

The primary structure of a human lambda type Bence-Jones protein Os was determined by analyzing amino acid sequence of the completely reduced and aminoethylated protein. Nineteen tryptic peptides covering 213 residues were isolated and 10 of these were completely sequenced. For the remaining peptides, only partial sequences or the amino acid composition were determined. All the tryptic peptides could be arranged in order on the basis of the above results and homology with other lambda chains of known sequences. The sequence of the variable region, which contains 109 residues, is homologous with those of proteins of subgroup V lambda I. The sequence of the constant region indicates that protein Os has Mcg(+), Kern(+) and Oz(-) as isotypic markers, in spite of having a unique residue at position 164.
Glass interposer for short reach optical connectivity (2016)

We propose a glass interposer containing femtosecond laser-scribed waveguides to interconnect silicon photonic chips. The glass interposer has an insertion loss of about 1.5 dB/cm, and simplifies alignment of silicon photonic chips. Our experiment shows that the insertion loss for the grating coupler/inscribed glass interface was only 0.5 dB higher than the estimated coupling loss of grating coupler to SMF. The 3 dB coupling degradation occurs after 5 µm of in-plane displacement between the laser-inscribed waveguide and the grating coupler.
Physiology (1948)

An idea of the discreteness of the efferent control via the cortex is given by the evidence reported by Chang, Ruch and Ward, who with fixed routine of stimulation were able to delimit cortical areas controlling separately a single muscle operating at the ankle of the monkey, or even single parts of a muscle. Although it is clear from the work of Sherrington himself on the instability of motor points on the cortex that no entirely rigid anatomic pathway is responsible for these results, it is equally clear that out of a combination of anatomic pathway and stimulation characteristics a . . .
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a single vesicle budding step involving clathrin and dynamin. (1996)

Strong evidence implicates clathrin-coated vesicles and endosome-like vacuoles in the reformation of synaptic vesicles after exocytosis, and it is generally assumed that these vacuoles represent a traffic station downstream from clathrin-coated vesicles. To gain insight into the mechanisms of synaptic vesicle budding from endosome-like intermediates, lysed nerve terminals and nerve terminal membrane subfractions were examined by EM after incubations with GTP gamma S. Numerous clathrin-coated budding intermediates that were positive for AP2 and AP180 immunoreactivity and often collared by a dynamin ring were seen. These were present not only on the plasma membrane (Takei, K., P.S. McPherson, S.L.Schmid, and P. De Camilli. 1995. Nature (Lond.). 374:186-190), but also on internal vacuoles. The lumen of these vacuoles retained extracellular tracers and was therefore functionally segregated from the extracellular medium, although narrow connections between their membranes and the plasmalemma were sometimes visible by serial sectioning. Similar observations were made in intact cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to high K+ stimulation. Coated vesicle buds were generally in the same size range of synaptic vesicles and positive for the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin. Based on these results, we suggest that endosome-like intermediates of nerve terminals originate by bulk uptake of the plasma membrane and that clathrin- and dynamin-mediated budding takes place in parallel from the plasmalemma and from these internal membranes. We propose a synaptic vesicle recycling model that involves a single vesicle budding step mediated by clathrin and dynamin.
Warm cache costing (2010)

Most modern RDBMS depend on the query processing optimizer's cost model to choose the best execution plan for a given query. Since the physical IO (PIO) is a costly operation to execute, it naturally has an important weight in RDBMS classical cost models, which assume that the data is disk-resident and does not fit in the available main memory. However, this assumption is no longer true with the advent of cheap large main memories.In this paper, we discuss the importance of considering the buffer-cache occupancy during optimization and propose the Warm Cache Costing (WCC) model as a new technique for buffer-pool aware query optimization. The WCC-model is a novel feedback optimization technique, based on the execution statistics by learning PIO-compensation (PIOC) factors. The PIOC factor defines the average percentage of a table which is cached in the buffer pool. These PIOC factors are used in subsequent query optimizations to better estimate the PIO, thus leading to better plans.These techniques have been implemented in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) database system. We have observed that they provide considerable improvements in query timings, in Decision Support environments and with almost negligible regression(if any) in other environments. This model enjoys the advantage of requiring no change to the buffer manager or other modules underlying the query processing layer and therefore is easy to implement. Also, since this model is part of an extensive feedback optimization architecture, other techniques using feedback optimization framework can be plugged in easily.
Dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles: non‐covalent interactions of bioactive compounds with dendrimers (2007)

This mini review highlights issues associated with the use of dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles. The review introduces dendrimers and summarizes findings on their use in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, this review is limited to examples wherein the drug is non-covalently associated with the dendrimer. Examples wherein the drug is covalently attached to the dendrimer are not discussed.
Left Atrial Appendage Remodeling After Lariat Left Atrial Appendage Ligation (2015)

Incomplete LAA ligation after Lariat is common. However, the remodeled LAA cavity is dramatically reduced. Diminished cavity size and tightening of the LAA orifice may play a role in the reduction of thrombus formation.
Molecular biology of iron acquisition in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

In recent years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanism and regulation of elemental iron transport in the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This organism employs two distinct iron-transport systems, depending on the bioavailability of the metal. In iron-replete environments, a low-affinity transport system (K(m) = 30 microM) is used to acquire iron. This system may also be used to acquire other metals including cobalt and cadmium. When environmental iron is limiting, a high-affinity (K(m) = 0.15 microM) iron-transport system is induced. Genetic studies in S. cerevisiae have identified multiple genes involved in both iron-transport systems. Cell-surface reductases, FRE1 and FRE2, provide ferrous iron for both systems. A non-ATP-dependent transmembrane transporter (FET4) has been identified as the main component of low-affinity transport. One gene identified to date as part of the high-affinity transport system is FET3, which shows high sequence and functional homology to multicopper oxidases. Accessory genes required for the functioning of this transport system include a plasma-membrane copper transporter (CTR1), an intracellular copper transporter (CCC2), and a putative transcription factor (AFT1). The mechanism by which these genes act in concert to ensure iron accumulation in S. cerevisiae presents an intriguing picture, drawing parallels with observations made in the human system almost 40 years ago.
Metal-Free, Visible-Light-Mediated Direct C–H Arylation of Heteroarenes with Aryl Diazonium Salts (2012)

Visible light along with 1 mol % eosin Y catalyzes the direct C-H bond arylation of heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts by a photoredox process. We have investigated the scope of the reaction for several aryl diazonium salts and heteroarenes. The general and easy procedure provides a transition-metal-free alternative for the formation of aryl-heteroaryl bonds.
Atlas of RNA sequencing profiles for normal human tissues (2019)

Comprehensive analysis of molecular pathology requires a collection of reference samples representing normal tissues from healthy donors. For the available limited collections of normal tissues from postmortal donors, there is a problem of data incompatibility, as different datasets generated using different experimental platforms often cannot be merged in a single panel. Here, we constructed and deposited the gene expression database of normal human tissues based on uniformly screened original sequencing data. In total, 142 solid tissue samples representing 20 organs were taken from post-mortal human healthy donors of different age killed in road accidents no later than 36 hours after death. Blood samples were taken from 17 healthy volunteers. We then compared them with the 758 transcriptomic profiles taken from the other databases. We found that overall 463 biosamples showed tissue-specific rather than platform- or database-specific clustering and could be aggregated in a single database termed Oncobox Atlas of Normal Tissue Expression (ANTE). Our data will be useful to all those working with the analysis of human gene expression.