gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling issues in a shipping system (1996)

We describe the application of simulation and statistical analyses to the improvement of a shipping and distribution system supporting a component-fabrication plant and two automotive assembly plants interconnected by truck lines and railroads. These analyses enabled managers to determine the number and location of loading docks required, optimize the inventory level and distribution of racks (containers) circulating throughout this shipping system, determine the sizes of turnaround areas for truck and rail cargo at each plant, and predict annual truck and rail shipping volumes and costs.
Midkine Is an Autocrine Activator of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in 3T3-L1 Cells (2007)

Mitotic clonal expansion is believed to be necessary for 3T3-L1 adipocyte formation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a mitogenic signaling protein, is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation during the proliferative phases of adipogenesis. We hypothesize that this signaling protein plays a key role in mitotic clonal expansion and differentiation. Here we determined that the adipocyte differentiation cocktail containing isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI) induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation indirectly through the synthesis of an autocrine/paracrine factor. We further determined that the factor has heparin binding properties and identified the factor as midkine, a pleiotrophic growth factor previously associated with neuronal development and oncogenesis. Recombinant midkine induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and stimulated the proliferation of postconfluent 3T3-L1 cells. Midkine neutralizing antibodies inhibited differentiation-induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation as well as adipogenesis. These results show that MDI-induced synthesis and release of midkine explains the delayed activation of STAT3 during adipogenesis and that the midkine-STAT3 signaling pathway plays a necessary role in mitotic clonal expansion and differentiation.
Determination of Allyl Groups in Polyallyl Ethers and Esters (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Allyl Groups in Polyallyl Ethers and EstersH. M. Boyd and J. R. RoachCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 3, 158–159Publication Date (Print):March 25, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60003a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60003a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
60-W, near-TEM 00 , cw diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG laser (1993)

We report the scaling considerations, design details, and experimental results for an efficient, high-power, diode-pumped laser. This Nd:YAG laser produces a cw output power of 60 W in a near-diffraction-limited beam (i.e., M<SUP>2</SUP> < 1.3). In multimode operation, the laser produces an output power of 92 W. The optical-to-optical efficiency is 26% for TEM<SUB>00</SUB> operation and 44% for multimode operation (based on the diode output power). The near- diffraction-limited average power in Q-switched operation is 40 W at a repetition rate 10 kHz. Polarized output powers of 40 W and extinction ratios of 40:1 have also been obtained for cw TEM<SUB>00</SUB> operation.
Promoter region of the human CRE-BP1 gene encoding the transcriptional regulator binding to the cyclic AMP response element. (1990)

Genomic clones containing the 5'-terminal portion of the human CRE-BP1 gene that encodes transcriptional regulator binding to the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) were isolated. Multiple transcriptional start sites in the promoter region were identified by nuclease S1 mapping and primer extension analysis. By DNase I footprinting with use of purified transcription factor Sp1 and nuclear extracts prepared from HeLa cells, 11 Sp1-binding sites, two CCAAT sequences, two CREs, and three unknown factor recognition elements were found. Transfection of chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids containing various deletions of the promoter into CV-1 cells indicated that the region between nucleotides -50 and 90, which contained three Sp1-binding sites and one CRE, was sufficient for basal promoter activity. These results suggest that multiple sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins may control the expression of the CRE-BP1 gene, although Sp1 seems to be important for the basal promoter activity.
Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of sulfathiazole residues in honey. (1983)

Sulfathiazole residues were extracted from honey by homogenizing samples in acetone, filtering, and then evaporating the acetone under nitrogen at 40 degrees C. The remaining extract was transferred to a separatory funnel with 1N HCl and ethyl ether. An aliquot of the retained acid layer was screened by using the Bratton-Marshall reaction. If the test was positive, the remaining portion was analyzed directly through a mu Bondapak phenyl column monitored by a UV detector at 254 nm. The mobile phase was potassium phosphate monobasic in 10% acetonitrile adjusted to pH 3.0. Time for elution was 13 min. Average recoveries were 78% at the 0.1 ppm spiking level and 68% at the 1.0 ppm level. The minimum detectable amount was 0.06 ppm based on a spiked sample extract.
Three pools of plasma membrane cholesterol and their relation to cholesterol homeostasis (2014)

When human fibroblasts take up plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), its cholesterol is liberated in lysosomes and eventually reaches the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it inhibits cholesterol synthesis by blocking activation of SREBPs. This feedback protects against cholesterol overaccumulation in the plasma membrane (PM). But how does ER know whether PM is saturated with cholesterol? In this study, we define three pools of PM cholesterol: (1) a pool accessible to bind 125I-PFO*, a mutant form of bacterial Perfringolysin O, which binds cholesterol in membranes; (2) a sphingomyelin(SM)-sequestered pool that binds 125I-PFO* only after SM is destroyed by sphingomyelinase; and (3) a residual pool that does not bind 125I-PFO* even after sphingomyelinase treatment. When LDL-derived cholesterol leaves lysosomes, it expands PM's PFO-accessible pool and, after a short lag, it also increases the ER's PFO-accessible regulatory pool. This regulatory mechanism allows cells to ensure optimal cholesterol levels in PM while avoiding cholesterol overaccumulation.
Towards high-capacity quantum communications by combining wavelength- and time-division multiplexing technologies (2018)

Optical communication systems are able to send the information from one user to another in light beams that travel through the free space or optical fibers, therefore how to send larger amounts of information in smaller periods of time is a long term concern, one promising way is to use multiplexing of photon's different degrees of freedoms to parallel handle the large amounts of information in multiple channels independently. In this work, by combining the wavelength and time division multiplexing technologies, we prepare a multifrequency mode time bin entangled photon pair source at different time slots by using four wave mixing in a silicon nanowire waveguide, and distribute entangled photons into 3 time by 14 wavelength channels independently, which can significantly increase the bit rate compared with the single channel systems in quantum communication. Our work paves a new and promising way to achieve a high capacity quantum communication and to generate a multiple photon nonclassical state.
Aided eyes (2010)

Our eyes collect a considerable amount of information when we use them to look at objects. In particular, eye movement allows us to gaze at an object and shows our level of interest in the object. In this research, we propose a method that involves real-time measurement of eye movement for human memory enhancement; the method employs gaze-indexed images captured using a video camera that is attached to the user's glasses. We present a prototype system with an infrared-based corneal limbus tracking method. Although the existing eye tracker systems track eye movement with high accuracy, they are not suitable for daily use because the mobility of these systems is incompatible with a high sampling rate. Our prototype has small phototransistors, infrared LEDs, and a video camera, which make it possible to attach the entire system to the glasses. Additionally, the accuracy of this method is compensated by combining image processing methods and contextual information, such as eye direction, for information extraction. We develop an information extraction system with real-time object recognition in the user's visual attention area by using the prototype of an eye tracker and a head-mounted camera. We apply this system to (1) fast object recognition by using a SURF descriptor that is limited to the gaze area and (2) descriptor matching of a past-images database. Face recognition by using haar-like object features and text logging by using OCR technology is also implemented. The combination of a low-resolution camera and a high-resolution, wide-angle camera is studied for high daily usability. The possibility of gaze-guided computer vision is discussed in this paper, as is the topic of communication by the photo transistor in the eye tracker and the development of a sensor system that has a high transparency.
Railgun performance enhancement from distribution of energy feeds (1995)

Both simple and complex railgun simulation codes predict improved railgun performance when the electrical energy feed points are distributed along the length of the rail pair. The work reported is an experimental investigation to measure and quantify this enhancement for a 25 mm square-bore railgun using a solid metal armature. A test-bed railgun was designed to accept power feed at the breech and at any down bore location. The gun was powered by a 4.8 MJ capacitor bank that consists of 12 independently triggered modules. A test series that includes 16 shots with peak currents between 410 and 620 kA and projectile exit velocities between 2.3 and 3.0 km/s was completed for this study. This paper describes the railgun, the test series, and the data reduction techniques used to compare performance between breech fed and distributed energy feed point configurations. The compiled results support the theoretical prediction that a distributed energy feed railgun is more efficient than the simple breech fed configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Type‐1 interferons contribute to the neuroinflammatory response and disease progression of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease (2016)

Type-1 interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines with a critical role in the initiation and regulation of the pro-inflammatory response. However, the contribution of the type-1 IFNs to CNS disorders, specifically chronic neuropathologies such as Parkinson's disease is still unknown. Here, we report increased type-1 IFN signaling in both post mortem human Parkinson's disease samples and in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model. In response to MPTP, mice lacking the type-1 IFN receptor (IFNAR1(-/-) ) displayed decreased type-1 IFN signaling, an attenuated pro-inflammatory response and reduced loss of dopaminergic neurons. The neuroprotective potential of targeting the type-1 IFN pathway was confirmed by reduced neuroinflammation and DA cell death in mice treated with a blocking monoclonal IFNAR1 (MAR-1) antibody. The MPTP/MAR-1 treated mice also displayed increased striatal dopamine levels and improved behavioural outcomes compared to their MPTP/IgG controls. These data, implicate for the first time, a deleterious role for the type-1 IFNs as key modulators of the early neuroinflammatory response and therefore the neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. GLIA 2016;64:1590-1604.
Mash-o-matic (2006)

Web applications called mash-ups combine information of varying granularity from different, possibly disparate, sources. We describe Mash-o-matic, a utility that can extract, clean, and combine disparate information fragments, and automatically generate data for mash-ups and the mash-ups themselves. As an illustration, we generate a mash-up that displays a map of a university campus, and outline the potential benefits of using Mash-o-matic. Mash-o-matic exploits superimposed information (SI), which is new information and structure created in reference to fragments of existing information. Mashomatic is implemented using middleware called the Superimposed Pluggable Architecture for Contexts and Excerpts (SPARCE), and a query processor for SI and referenced information, both parts of our infrastructure to support SI management. We present a high-level description of the mash-up production process and discuss in detail how Mash-o-matic accelerates that process.
The Bacterial Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide Causes Rapid Inappropriate Excitation in Rat Cortex (1999)

There is mounting evidence that inflammation and associated excitotoxicity may play important roles in various neurodegenerative disorders, such as bacterial infections, Alzheimer's disease, AIDS dementia, and multiple sclerosis. The immunogen E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) has been widely used to stimulate immune/inflammatory responses both systemically and in the CNS. Here, we show that exposure of parietal cortical slices from adult rats to LPS triggered very rapid (<2.5 min) and sustained releases of the neurotransmitters glutamate and noradrenaline, and of the neuromodulator adenosine. The responses to LPS declined rapidly following removal of the LPS and exhibited no tachyphylaxis to repeated exposures to LPS. The detoxified form of LPS had no effect. LPS-evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline, but not of glutamate or adenosine, appears to be partly due to the released glutamate acting at ionotropic receptors on the noradrenergic axons present in the cortical slices. LPS appears to release glutamate, which then acts at non-NMDA receptors to remove the voltage-sensitive Mg2+ block of NMDA receptors, thus permitting NMDA receptors to be activated and noradrenaline release to proceed. It seems possible that rapid, inappropriate excitation may occur in the immediate vicinity of gram-negative bacterial infections in the brain. If similar inappropriate excitations are also triggered by those immunogens specifically associated with Alzheimer's disease (beta-amyloid), AIDS dementia (gp120 and gp41), or multiple sclerosis (myelin basic protein), they might explain some of the acute, transient neurological and psychiatric symptoms associated with these disorders.
Electrostatics, Principles, Problems and Applications (1987)

Historical background and elementary theory: Historical background. Fundamental definitions. Orders of magnitude. Summary of electrostatic equations in uniform fields. Gauss's law - the electric field due to an assembly of charges. Electrification of solids and liquids: Contact and frictional charging. Corona charging. Charging by capture of small particles. Induction charging. Double-layer charging. References. Measurements and instrumentation: Introduction. Potential dividers and resistance probes. Electrometers and electrostatic voltmeters. Field meters and non-contacting voltmeters. Charge measurement - the Faraday cup. Measurement of the charge and mobility of individual particles. Field and potential probes. The use of the Kerr and Pockels effect for measurement of electric fields. Capacitance meters. Measurement of resistance and resistivity. Energy of electrostatic sparks. Electrostatics in gas filtration: Introduction. Electrostatic precipitation. Electron beam desulphurisation and denitrisation. Electrostatically enhanced cyclone separators. Electrostatic scrubbers and granular bed filters. Electrostatically enhanced fabric filters. Appendix. Miscellaneous applications: Electrostatic atomisation. Electrostatic spray coating. Electrostatic separation. Electrokinetic phenomena in liquids. Dielectrophoresis. Applications of the corona discharge. Electrodynamic containment and control of particles. Applications of electromechanical forces. Electrostatic copying. Electrostatics and the textile industry. Electrostatic crystals. Electrostatic generators. Hazards and problems: Fire and explosion hazards. Electrostatic sparks. Non-electrostatic sparks. Electrostratic eliminators. Antistatic agents. Electrostatic problems in the electronics industry. Adhesion. Appendix. Theory: Fundamental laws of electrostatics. Capacitance and capacitors. Polarisation. Identification of field lines and equipotentials. Electric field and potential by solution of Laplace's equation. Earnshaw's theorem. Corona discharge theory. Appendix. Index.
The I.M.O.G.E.N .E. Machine: Some Hardware Elements (1991)

The goal of the I.M.O.G.E.N.E. project is to define a real time graphics system. We focus on true real time display, images being computed at frame rate, i.e 50 (or 60) times a second. The I.M.O.G.E.N.E. machine uses no frame buffer. We use a massive object parallelism; the graphics module is made of a large number of object-processors, each one handling one graphics primitive at pixel rate in raster-scan order. Shading computations are made in a deferred shading processor using Phong's method. After a brief presentation of Object-Oriented Architectures,we present new details about the hardware implementation of our Object Processors, and describe for the first time the shading processor.
Test tools for the Year 2000 challenges (2002)

A successful conversion strategy for the Year 2000 problem should include an effective testing strategy that involves the use of automated tools. The paper first identifies the testing problems for the Year 2000 challenges and then presents a test tool classification based on the key stages of the test process. Commercial lest tools for the Year 2000 challenge are then reviewed. It is identified that the problem of synchronized testing is not assisted by any of the surveyed test tools. Also, the test planning, test case design, and test result analysis stages of the test process are in need of more test tools.
Image segmentation by Jensen-Shannon divergence. Application to measurement of interfacial tension (2002)

We present an entropic edge-detection method based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence, applied to grey level histograms obtained by sliding a window over an image. For every pixel in the image, we calculate the elements of a divergence matrix and a direction matrix, via spline approximation. Based on these estimated matrices, a new technique for thinning and linking unconnected edge pixels is also described. The global method is found to be an excellent technique for image segmentation. For example, it is very robust against noise, and it is specially appropriate in the interfacial tension measures obtained by means of contour images of liquid drops. Results show that the global method described give a better performance than other existing methods used in this field.
Support Placement for Machine Tools Using Stiffness Model (2015)

The support stiffness model and the stiffness tuning technique are applied to a practical situation. The support stiffness model is integrated with finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the rocking vibration mode. The support stiffness of a machining center prototype is calculated based on the support stiffness model. The stiffness tuning technique is used to determine the placement of support structures in the simulation. The calculated support stiffness is integrated into a three dimensional model as springs. Rocking vibration modes are obtained from simulations by using the support stiffness model. To compare the results, a simulation without the support stiffness model is conducted. An experiment is also conducted on the same machining center that is used in the simulation. Without the support stiffness model, the difference between the experimental and simulation natural frequencies was above 19%. In contrast, the difference is under 10% when the support stiffness model is included. The experimental and the simulation results were in good agreement with respect to the rocking vibration modes. These results demonstrate that incorporating the support stiffness model into finite element analysis increases the calculation accuracy of the rocking-vibration-mode natural frequencies. Consequently, the support stiffness model and the stiffness tuning technique are effective for designing the support systems of machine tools.
Constitutively Active Lck Kinase in T Cells Drives Antigen Receptor Signal Transduction (2010)

T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and coreceptor ligation is thought to initiate signal transduction by inducing activation of the kinase Lck. Here we showed that catalytically active Lck was present in unstimulated naive T cells and thymocytes and was readily detectable in these cells in lymphoid organs. In naive T cells up to approximately 40% of total Lck was constitutively activated, part of which was also phosphorylated on the C-terminal inhibitory site. Formation of activated Lck was independent of TCR and coreceptors but required Lck catalytic activity and its maintenance relied on monitoring by the HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex to avoid degradation. The amount of activated Lck did not change after TCR and coreceptor engagement; however it determined the extent of TCR-zeta phosphorylation. Our findings suggest a dynamic regulation of Lck activity that can be promptly utilized to initiate T cell activation and have implications for signaling by other immune receptors.
High efficient sprite coding with directional spatial prediction (2002)

Sprite is an efficient and concise method for the representation of a background video object, which is typically compressed with the MPEG-4 object-based coding technique. Due to the property of a background video object, a sprite image often comprises many flat and texture-correlation regions. In order to fully exploit spatial redundancy, the paper proposes an idea of utilizing directional spatial prediction to improve sprite coding. In general, the generated sprite is not a rectangular image. Since traditional spatial prediction techniques have difficultly dealing with those contour blocks, a padding technique is first proposed to fill transparent regions in contour blocks by considering both the correlation of pixels within a block and the correlation among neighboring blocks. Then every block is encoded by the INTRA coding technique developed in H.26L. Experimental results show that the propose sprite coding scheme outperforms the MPEG-4 object-based coding by up to 3.0 dB at low bit rates. Furthermore, the proposed scheme essentially extends directional spatial prediction from frame-based coding to arbitrary shape object coding.