gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and performance analysis using extended fuzzy-timing Petri nets for networked virtual environments (2000)

Despite their attractive properties, networked virtual environments (net-VEs) are notoriously difficult to design, implement, and test due to the concurrency, real-time and networking features in these systems. Net-VEs demand high quality-of-service (QoS) requirements on the network to maintain natural and real-time interactions among users. The current practice for net-VE design is basically trial and error, empirical, and totally lacks formal methods. This paper proposes to apply a Petri net formal modeling technique to a net-VE-NICE (narrative immersive constructionist/collaborative environment), predict the net-VE performance based on simulation, and improve the net-VE performance. NICE is essentially a network of collaborative virtual reality systems called the CAVE-(CAVE automatic virtual environment). First, we introduce extended fuzzy-timing Petri net (EFTN) modeling and analysis techniques. Then, we present EFTN models of the CAVE, NICE, and transport layer protocol used in NICE: transmission control protocol (TCP). We show the possibility analysis based on the EFTN model for the CAVE. Then, by using these models and design/CPN as the simulation tool, we conducted various simulations to study real-time behavior, network effects and performance (latencies and jitters) of NICE. Our simulation results are consistent with experimental data.
Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity, Scarvenging of Superoxide and Inhibition of Hyaluronidase Activity by 6- [(Z) -8-Pentadecenyl] Salicylic Acid Derivatives (1995)

Cashew nuts are widely eaten, and the juice made from them is a popular healthy drink. In this study 6- [(Z) -8-pentadecenyl] salicylic acid (1) (anacardic acid monoene) was isolated from the shell oil of Indonesian cashew nuts. From this acid, 19 derivatives were synthesized by epoxidation, methylation and/or reduction of functional groups on the aromatic ring. These derivatives were examined for their use as whitening agents which inhibit Tyrosinase activity and hyaluronidase activity, and as scarvengers of superoxide. Compounds (1 b), (4 a), (4 b), (5 a) and (5 b) derived from (1) were found to be inhibited by 7883 % in tyrosinase activity, by 9698 % in hyaluronidase activity. Scavenging activity of superoxid was 6885 %.
What you Sculpt is What you Get (2016)

We present a method for fabricating prototypes of interactive computing devices from clay sculptures without requiring the designer to be skilled in CAD software. The method creates a "what you sculpt is what you get" process that mimics the "what you see is what you get" processes used in interface design for 2D screens. Our approach uses clay for modeling the basic shape of the device around 3D printed representations, which we call "blanks", of physical interaction widgets such as buttons, sliders, knobs and other electronics. Each blank includes 4 fiducial markers uniquely arranged on a visible surface. After scanning the sculpture, these fiducial marks allow our software to identify widget types and locations in the scanned model. The software then converts the scan into a printable prototype by positioning mounting surfaces, openings for the controls and a splitting plane for assembly. Because the blanks fit in the sculpted shape, they will reliably fit in the interactive prototype. Creating an interactive prototype requires about 30 minutes of human effort for sculpting, and after scanning, involves a single button click to use the process.
Effect of Radial Displacement of Lens on Response of Focused Ultrasonic Transducer (2007)

A lens-focused single-element transducer designed for high-resolution medical imaging requires a high ratio of radius of curvature to source radius. Therefore, classical models neglecting the radial contribution may not be accurate. The objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of radial displacement to the pressure response of the transducer, both in terms of focal spot and pulse response characteristics. To achieve this objective, two finite element method calculations (FEM) were performed (commercial atila® software), namely those for free and clamped radial displacements. A propagation code adapted to an axisymmetric transducer geometry was implemented to compare the radiated fields, and FEM results for the transducer surface were used as inputs to obtain the radiated fields. Subsequently, the differences between the results of the two calculations results were determined. However, it was demonstrated that the radial displacements slightly affect the propagated field and can therefore be neglected in realistic transducer designs. Moreover, the effects of lens acoustic properties were studied for realistic configurations in terms of resolution and sensitivity to obtain an optimal ultrasound image quality.
Modulatory effects of static magnetic fields on blood pressure in rabbits (2001)

Acute effects of locally applied static magnetic fields (SMF) on pharmacologically altered blood pressure (BP) in a central artery of the ear lobe of a conscious rabbit were evaluated. Hypotensive and vasodilator actions were induced by a Ca(2+) channel blocker, nicardipine (NIC). Hypertensive and vasoconstrictive actions were induced by a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The hemodynamic changes in the artery exposed to SMF were measured continuously and analyzed by penetrating microphotoelectric plethysmography (MPPG). Concurrently, BP changes in a central artery contralateral to that of the exposed ear lobe were monitored. SMF intensity was 1 mT and the duration of exposure was 30 min. A total of 180 experimental trials were carried out in 34 healthy adult male rabbits weighing 2.6-3.8 kg. Six experimental procedures were chosen at random: (1) sham exposure without pharmacological treatment; (2) SMF exposure alone; (3) decreased BP induced by a single intravenous (iv) bolus injection of NIC (100 microM/kg) without SMF exposure; (4) decreased BP induced by injection of NIC with SMF exposure; (5) increased BP induced by a constant iv infusion of L-NAME (10 mM/kg/h) without SMF exposure; (6) increased BP induced by infusion of L-NAME with SMF exposure. The results demonstrated that SMF significantly reduced the vasodilatation with enhanced vasomotion and antagonized the reduction of BP via NIC-blocked Ca(2+) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, SMF significantly attenuated the vasoconstriction and suppressed the elevation of BP via NOS inhibition in vascular endothelial cells and/or central nervous system neurons. These results suggest that these modulatory effects of SMF on BP might, in part, involve a feedback control system for alteration in NOS activity in conjunction with modulation of Ca(2+) dynamics.
Self-occlusion robust 3D human pose tracking from monocular image sequence (2012)

Pose tracking technique has great potential for many applications such as marker-free human motion capture system, Human Computer Interactions (HCI), and video surveillance. Though many methods are introduced during last decades, self-occlusion - one body part is occluded by another one - is still considered one of the most difficult problems for 3D human pose tracking. In this paper, we propose a self-occlusion state estimation method. A MRF (Markov Random Field) is used to model the occlusion state which represents the pairwise depth order between two human body parts. A novel estimation method is proposed to infer a body pose and an occlusion state separately. HumanEva dataset is used for testing the proposed method. In order to evaluate and quantify how often the occlusion state changes, we label the ground truth of occlusion state.
Hybrid localization using UWB and inertial sensors (2008)

In this paper we propose a hybrid localization system combining an Ultra-Wideband localization system with inertial sensors. Algorithms for dead reckoning as well as the fusion of data provided by the UWB system and the inertial sensors are presented. Finally experimental results are shown.
Genetically Modified Bacterial Strains and Novel Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Shuttle Vectors for Constructing Environmental Libraries and Detecting Heterologous Natural Products in Multiple Expression Hosts (2004)

The enormous diversity of uncultured microorganisms in soil and other environments provides a potentially rich source of novel natural products, which is critically important for drug discovery efforts. Our investigators reported previously on the creation and screening of an Escherichia coli library containing soil DNA cloned and expressed in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector. In that initial study, our group identified novel enzyme activities and a family of antibacterial small molecules encoded by soil DNA cloned and expressed in E. coli. To continue our pilot study of the utility and feasibility of this approach to natural product drug discovery, we have expanded our technology to include Streptomyces lividans and Pseudomonas putida as additional hosts with different expression capabilities, and herein we describe the tools we developed for transferring environmental libraries into all three expression hosts and screening for novel activities. These tools include derivatives of S. lividans that contain complete and unmarked deletions of the act and red endogenous pigment gene clusters, a derivative of P. putida that can accept environmental DNA vectors and integrate the heterologous DNA into the chromosome, and new BAC shuttle vectors for transferring large fragments of environmental DNA from E. coli to both S. lividans and P. putida by high-throughput conjugation. Finally, we used these tools to confirm that the three hosts have different expression capabilities for some known gene clusters.
HIV type 1 Gag virus-like particle budding from spheroplasts of <i>Saccharomyces</i> <i>cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Expression of retroviral Gag protein in yeast has previously shown Gag targeting to the plasma membrane but little or no production of Gag virus-like particles (VLPs). Here we show that, after removal of the cell wall, the expression of HIV type 1 Gag protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts allowed simultaneous budding of VLPs from the plasma membrane. Our data show that (i) the VLPs released from yeast spheroplasts were spherical and had morphological features, such as membrane apposed electron-dense layers, characteristic of the immature form of HIV particles; (ii) the VLPs were completely enclosed in the plasma membrane derived from yeast, which is denser than that of higher eukaryotic cells; (iii) the VLP Gag shells remained intact after treatment of nonionic detergent; and (iv) the VLPs were released soon after removal of the cell wall and accumulated up to 300 microg/liter of culture. Our results also show that VLP production was abolished by amino acid substitution of the Gag N-terminal myristoylglycine and impaired when Gag C-terminal deletions were extended beyond the nucleocapsid domain. These results were consistent with those obtained previously in higher eukaryotic expression systems, suggesting that similar Gag domains were used for VLP assembly. We suggest that the system described here offers significant advantages for studying host factors required for VLP budding. The system also may be available for production of vector virus-free VLPs for practical applications such as vaccine development.
Intracerebral Implantation of Ionic Synthetic Hydrogels: Effect of Polar Substrata on Astrocytosis and Axons (1992)

In previous studies, hyperporous synthetic hydrogels of poly(glyceryl methacrylate) or p(GMA), containing bioadhesive substrates of collagen, were implanted into rat cerebral tissue in order to provide systems of oriented guidance channels for directing the growth of the scar and axons /28/. In the present study, ionic p(GMA)-collagen hydrogels containing polar chemical groups, either basic amino groups or acidic carboxyl groups, were evaluated for their tolerance and their effects on the brain scarring response and axonal reactivity after long-term implantation in the cerebral cortex. In all animals, the implants were well tolerated. Although both types of gels influenced the astroglial reaction near the bioimplant, hydrogels carrying carboxyl groups had the strongest influence on the elongation, the direction and the organization of astrocytic processes so that a glial matrix could form in regions of the gel. Extracellular material (e.g. reticulin) was also deposited into the gels carrying carboxyl groups. Although cortical nerve fibers in the surrounding tissue showed a regenerative response, extending onto or into the matrices, this behavior seemed to depend more on the organization of the astrocytic scar imposed by the gel than on the type of gel. We conclude that matrices carrying negatively charged groups influence favorably the astrocytosis and the deposition of connective tissue, and that this approach represents a new avenue in attempting to modulate the brain scar formation.
Characterization of clusters in rare earth-doped fibers by transmission measurements (1995)

We show theoretically that the absorption saturation behavior of clustered rare earth-doped fibers depends strongly on the percentage and/or the size of the clusters, which can form the basis for a simple diagnostic tool. When applied to published transmission measurements in Er-Al-P-doped fibers, this technique indicates low percentages of clusters in fibers co-doped with P and/or Al. In Nd-doped fibers with no co-dopants, it shows the presence of a high percentage of large clusters. Estimates of the time constant and strength of the cross relaxation process in Nd and Er clusters are inferred from these measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tetramethylsilane Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Mono‐substituted Aromatic Compounds: Gas‐phase Trimethylsilylation (1996)

The tetramethylsilane (TMS) chemical ionization (CI) spectra of the mono-substituted aromatics studied contain M+· and adduct [M+(CH3)3Si]+ ions. Abundant M+· ions are observed in compounds with electrondonating groups and are attributed to charge-exchange reactions of reactant ions in the TMS CI plasma. The stability of adduct ions in the halobenzenes was found to increase from fluorobenzene to iodobenzene. A collision-induced dissociation study of the [M+(CH3)3Si]+ ions of these compounds has been carried out to gain an insight into the site of adduction
소나무와 굴참나무 임분의 토양 환경요인과 토양 이산화탄소 방출의 계절적 변화 (2016)

본 연구는 유사한 입지에서 생육한 소나무와 굴참나무 임분의 토양 이산화탄소(CO₂)와 이들 방출에 영향을 미치는 환경요인인 토양 온도, 토양 수분, 토양 pH, 전기전도도, 토양 유기탄소 농도 등을 2015년 3월부터 2016년 2월까지 1년 동안 조사하였다. 토양 CO₂ 방출량의 월별 변화는 두 임분 사이에 차이가 있어 하절기인 6월과 7월의 경우, 굴참나무 임분이 소나무 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 타 계절은 차이가 없었다. 연 평균 토양CO₂ 방출량의 경우, 굴참나무 임분이 2.27±0.22 μmol m-2 s-1로 소나무 임분의 1.63±0.12 μmol m-2 s-1 에 비해높게 나타났으며, 연 평균 토양 온도와 토양 수분함량도굴참나무 임분이 소나무 임분에 비해 높았다. 토양 환경요인 중 토양 온도와 토양 CO₂ 방출량은 지수함수 관계(P<0.05)가 있었으며, Q10 값의 경우, 굴참나무 임분이3.35로 소나무 임분 2.72에 비해 높아 토양 온도 상승 시, 굴참나무 임분의 토양 CO₂ 방출량이 소나무 임분에 비해 더 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.
COLORANTS THE COSMETICS FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS (2011)

Colorants are mainly used to impart a distinctive appearance to the pharmaceutical dosage forms. There are many types of pharmaceutical formulations which need to be colored such as tablets, tablets coatings, capsules (hard gelatin, soft gelatin), liquid orals, tooth pastes, ointments and salves etc. The purpose of coloring varies with different formulations. Coloring may be required to increase the aesthetic appearance or to prolong the stability or to produce standard preparations or for identification of a particular formulation. Color psychology says that, the color of the product may also influence the efficacy of therapy. Thus, the prime priority of colorants is to increase the aesthetic appearance of the product, so we can say that the colorants are the cosmetics for the pharmaceutical formulations. The classification of various colorants including FD&C categories, the lists of colorants and their uses, the description about major colorants widely used in the formulations was discussed here in detail. In many regions around the world there is a distinction between colors that may be used in drugs and those for food use. This review also discusses the Status of color additives based on Code of Federal Regulations, The international regulatory status, Coloring systems for various dosage forms, Colorant blending, Handling precautions, Safety, Stability and Storage data of various colorants. Legislations, which govern the usage of colorants, include European Union Legislation and United States Legislation.
American Cronyism: How Executive Networks Inflated the Corporate Bubble (2003)

“Shareholder value” was the sacred mantra of American business in the 1990s. But creating shareholder value can be a fickle undertaking and corporate executives often followed the lead of their colleagues. The result was a contagion of questionable business practices that resulted in the creation of a corporate bubble—and its implosion.
Multiplexing Video on Multiuser Broadcast Channels (2008)

We propose a framework to address the problem of broadcasting a multiplicity of video sequences over a multiuser broadcast channel. The approach is intended to be general, without assumptions about specific video-coding or modulation techniques. However, we do assume the channel is Gaussian and exhibits quasi-static Rayleigh fading. Under the proposed framework, the algorithms seek to minimize the total distortion of multiple sequences broadcast simultaneously. To suit different applications, both greedy and long-term distortion metrics are considered. A salient aspect of this work is support for real-time video transport, hence delay and buffer constraints need to be accounted for. Under these constraints, the algorithms compute a jointly optimal source-rate and transmit-power allocation for all users under a power constraint. It turns out that problem can be formulated efficiently as a geometric program, which can be solved in different ways. In particular, we investigate a class of primal-dual convex algorithms. The complexity of the optimization is seen to scale well with the number of users. For the purpose of comparison, an orthogonal multiplexing scheme is also considered. Numerical results with H.264-coded video show that significant coding gains can be obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF CUBANE DERIVATIVES. I. SYNTHESES AND SPECTRA OF MONO‐ AND 1,4‐DISUBSTITUTED CUBANES (1976)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Ketal (I) entsteht durch saure Hydrolyse zum entsprechenden Keton (Ausbeute 82%) und nach der Methode von Luh und Stock die Dicarbonsäure (II), die nach bekannten Methoden in die Derivate (IIIb) übergeht.
Creatine and cyclocreatine treatment of human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts: 31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies (1998)

Creatine (Cr) and cyclocreatine (cyCr) have been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of human and murine tumours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumour effect of these molecules in relation to drug accumulation, energy metabolism, tumour water accumulation and toxicity. Nude mice carrying a human colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T) with a creatine kinase (CK) activity of 2.12 units mg(-1) protein were fed Cr (2.5% or 5%) or cyCr (0.025%, 0.1% or 0.5%) for 2 weeks and compared with controls fed standard diet. Cr concentrations of 2.5% and 5% significantly inhibited tumour growth, as did 0.1% and 0.5% cyCr. In vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after 2 weeks of treatment showed an increase in [phosphocreatine (PCr)+phosphocyclocreatine (PcyCr)]/nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) with increasing concentrations of dietary Cr and cyCr, without changes in absolute NTP contents. The antiproliferative effect of the substrates of CK was not related to energy deficiency but was associated with acidosis. Intratumoral substrate concentrations (measured by 1H-MRS) of 4.8 micromol g(-1) wet weight Cr (mice fed 2.5% Cr) and 6.2 micromol g(-1) cyCr (mice fed 0.1% cyCr) induced a similar decrease in growth rate, indicating that both substrates were equally potent in tumour growth inhibition. The best correlant of growth inhibition was the total Cr or (cyCr+Cr) concentrations in the tissue. In vivo, these agents did not induce excessive water accumulation and had no systemic effects on the mice (weight loss, hypoglycaemia) that may have caused growth inhibition.
Investigations on anticorrosive, thermal, and mechanical properties of conducting polyurethanes with tetraaniline pendent groups (2018)

This article describes the synthesis of conducting hybrid polyurethanes from novel tetraaniline‐diol as Gly‐TAni (glycidol with TAni). A new diol Gly‐TAni has been synthesized in a simple process using tetraaniline (TAni) and glycidol via SN2 reaction in a single‐step process. The asymmetric diol (Gly‐TAni) and polyols (PTMEG and TMP) were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate at OH:NCO ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain ―NCO terminated hybrid conducting polyurethanes. These were subjected for curing under atmospheric moisture to obtain conducting polyurethane‐urea coatings. The conducting coatings showed considerable enhancement in thermal and mechanical stabilities. All these conducting coatings films showed excellent corrosion resistance (on mild steel electrode) with an increase in the percentage of Gly‐TANi (5 to 15 wt%). The films of these hybrid polyurethanes containing pendent tetraanilines showed good surface conductivity in the range of 3.69 × 10 −4 to 2.21 × 10 −3 S/cm. The electrochemical investigation showed 2 single electron oxidation and 2 single reductions reversibly, centred around tetraaniline segments present in the polymer.
Inhibition of mammary gland lactose secretion by colchicine and vincristine (1978)

The possible role of microtubules in milk production was examined in mammary gland slices from lactating guinea pigs. Colchicine, 10(-5)-10(-4) M, depressed lactose secretion within 15 min, maintaining maximal inhibition over 2.5 h, accompanied by retention of lactose within the slices. In colchicine dose-response studies (2 h, 10(-8)-10(-5) M), secretion was depressed 22% by 10(-5) M, whereas tissue lactose increased with dose up to +25% at 10(-5) M. Lactose synthesis was inhibited 3-19% without correlation to colchicine concentration. In another study, incubation with 10(-5) M lumicolchicine yielded one-third less inhibition of secretion than 10(-5) M colchicine with no increase in tissue lactose. Both drugs depressed synthesis 31%. Lactose secretion showed a negative correlation with 10(-7)-10(-4) M vincristine yielding a maximal 66% inhibition at 10(-4) M, whereas tissue retention showed a linear increase with concentration up to 151% of control at 10(-4) M. Effects on synthesis were sporadic. These data suggest that microtubules have a role in facilitating the transport and/or secretion of lactose and perhaps other milk components.
Effect of .GAMMA.-Oryzanol on Experimental Liver Cirrhosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). (1992)

The inhibitory effect of γ-Oryzanol on liver cirrhosis induced by a high-fat diet in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was investigated. Eight-week-old SHRs were fed a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet with γ-Oryzanol for 3 months, Lipogenic liver cirrhosis was induced in the animals fed the high-fat diet only. In contrast, supplementation of the diet with γ-Oryzanol suppressed liver cirrhosis and hyperlipidemia in the supplemented group. This study suggests that γ-Oryzanol is very effective against lipogenic liver cirrhosis in the SHR, an animal which possesses natural abnormalities in lipid metabolism.