gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and design of micromachined optical Söller collimators for lensless CCD-based fluorometry (2012)

To address the needs of medical diagnostics in resource-poor settings, it is necessary to develop low cost, simple and portable Point of Care detectors for integrated medical diagnostics. Previously, we have described a simple lensless fluorometer with sensitivity in the range of current ELISA plate readers. The key to the lensfree fluorometer is the uniform spatial distribution of light, which we achieved using a simple optical collimator based on a "stack of pinholes" (a stack of black PMMA plates with arrays of pinholes machined via laser) enabling the light to be collimated from the LED light source through the necessary wavelength filters and the assay's microfluidics directly onto the CCD without a lens. In this paper, we describe the optical principle for designing these Söller collimators for lensfree CCD-based fluorometry. The illuminating surface was modeled as a collection of differential areas emitting uniformly and spherically, and the intensity contribution of each emitting area was summed over the detector surface. To compute the final light intensity distribution from such a differential model we derived an integral equation to sum the individual intensity contributions from the two-dimensional emitting surface. The equation is for a single-hole collimator. Light intensity measurements were taken by placing a collimator with a particular aspect ratio (the ratio of hole length to diameter (L/d)) over the CCD image sensor and capturing an image. The resulting image is the 2D light intensity profile generated by the collimator. As the aspect ratio is increased the slope of the light intensity profile increases, corresponding to an increased degree of collimation. To test the model, the measured maximum and mean light intensities were compared with the theoretical predictions generated from the model. There was an agreement between the variation of the mean (R(2) = 0.990) and maximum (R(2) = 0.938) values of light intensities with aspect ratios based modeling. These profile measurements suggest an excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The integral equation presented here can be used to perfect the design of the optical Söller collimator. These results may lead to the development of more effective Söller collimators for lensfree CCD-based fluorometry for use in simple low cost lensfree optical detectors with the potential to enhance the accessibility and the quality of health care for underserved populations.
Identification of a signal necessary for initiation of reverse transcription of the hepadnavirus genome (1991)

Reverse transcription of the hepadnavirus genome initiates near the 3' end of the RNA template and has previously been shown to depend on sequences flanking the initiation site for DNA synthesis (C. Seeger and J. Maragos, J. Virol. 64:16-23, 1990). DNA synthesis leads to the covalent attachment of a protein to the 5' end of minus-strand DNA, and it is generally believed that this protein serves as the primer for reverse transcription. To examine priming in more detail, we have carried out a detailed genetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences at the origin of minus-strand DNA synthesis characterized in our earlier study. This mutational analysis has led to the identification of a short, four-nucleotide-long sequence as the signal for initiation of reverse transcription. This signal is a UUUC sequence motif flanking the position of the 5' end of minus-strand DNA, which alone is not sufficient for DNA synthesis, indicating that positional effects are also important to specify the origin of DNA synthesis.
Assessment of the protein quality of a new high-protein soybean cultivar by amino acid analysis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssessment of the protein quality of a new high-protein soybean cultivar by amino acid analysisConstantinos G. Zarkadas, Ziran. Yu, Harvey D. Voldeng, and Adolfo. Minero-AmadorCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 4, 616–623Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the relationship between s-methoprene and deformities in anurans. (2002)

Evidence that amphibian deformities are on the rise has prompted a number of researchers to question a variety of natural and man-made substances, including chemicals such as s-methoprene (trademark Altosid), an insect growth regulator applied to water bodies for mosquito control. Despite conclusions reached by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a considerable body of scientific evidence demonstrating that it is unlikely that s-methoprene or any of its degradation products are causing the high rates of deformities found in Minnesota and other states, concerns persist about potential negative impacts of s-methoprene on nontarget species, specifically anurans. Water analyses in field and laboratory conditions and a comparison of reported Altosid use with reported frog deformities in Minnesota demonstrate that a connection between frog deformities and Altosid use is unlikely. These results indicate that factors other than s-methoprene and its degradation products are contributing to the recent outbreak of frog deformities.
Das Fermi-Paradoxon (2009)

Leben irgendwo draußen im Universum aufzuspüren, wäre das spektakulärste Ereignis aller Zeiten. In Anbetracht des Alters und der gewaltigen Größe des Universums mit seinen Abermilliarden Sternen und Planeten wunderte sich Enrico Fermi darüber, dass bisher noch keine fremde, außerirdische Zivilisation Kontakt zu uns aufgenommen hat.
(E, Z)-2, 6-nonadien-1-al and (E)-2-nonen-1-al Present in Crushed Cucumbers are Natural Repellents for the American Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana) (1984)

The compounds (E, Z)-2,6-nonadien-l-al and (E)-2-nonen-l-al that are present in crushed cucumbers were found to repel 98% of American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L., when present at concentrations of 50 ppm in a test chamber.
Adaptive power control with MMSE multiuser detectors (2002)

Power control algorithms assume that the receiver structure is fixed and iteratively update the transmit powers of the users to provide them with an acceptable quality of service while minimizing the total transmitter power. Multiuser detection on the other hand optimizes the receiver structure with the assumption that the users have fixed transmitter powers. In this study, we combine the two approaches for a CDMA cellular system and propose an iterative and distributed power control algorithm which iteratively updates the transmitter powers and receiver filter coefficients of the users. We show that the algorithm converges to a minimum power solution for the powers, and an MMSE multiuser detector for the filter coefficients.
Design of an omega filter for a 200 kV electron microscope (1997)

An omega (Ω) filter has been designed to satisfy the following four constraints: (1) the dispersion at 200 kV is larger than 1 μm/eV, (2) the principal second-order aberration coefficients Aγγγ, Bγδδ are less than 1000 mm, (3) all of the inclination angles of the entrance and the exit faces of the sector magnets are within 0–45° (positive), and (4) the drift length between the first and the second magnet (or between the third and the fourth magnet) is less than the radius of the largest magnet. The latter two are practical requirements and are important for the experimental adjustment of the optical axis. The optimization of filter dimensions was made using a numerical electron trajectory method as follows: (1) The optical axis was found by calculating the central electron trajectories using a table of the fringing field distribution and a constant field strength inside the magnet. (2) The stigmatic focus condition was found by changing the inclination angles of the faces of the magnets. (3) The 18 secondary aberration coefficients [H. Rose, Optik 51, 15 (1978)] were numerically calculated. A three-dimensional trajectory calculation was made for the selected filter shape. A filter with a 1.3 μm/eV dispersion at 200 kV has been designed.
RAT BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE—TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR FORM— (1990)

Using an antiserum against the ring structure of rat brain natriuretic peptide (rat BNP), we have established a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rat BNP and elucidated its tissue distribution and molecular form. Rat BNP-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was detected in the highest amount in cardiac extracts (574.0 +/- 138.8 pmol/g in the atrium and 4.3 +/- 1.1 pmol/g in the ventricle). The secretory rate of rat BNP-LI from the perfused whole heart was 50.0 +/- 1.9 fmol/min, about 60% of which was maintained even after atrial removal. We also detected rat BNP-LI throughout the spinal cord (134-175 fmol/g), although no detectable amount was present (less than 100 fmol/g) in other tissues including the brain. High performance-gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with the RIA revealed that rat BNP with 45 amino acids is a major storage form as well as a secretory form of rat BNP-LI in the heart. The major component in the spinal cord was also rat BNP. These findings indicate that the tissue distribution and the processing pattern of rat BNP are different from those of atrial natriuretic peptide and porcine BNP, thereby suggesting the presence of complicated diversity of the natriuretic peptide system.
Regulation of Benzoate Degradation in <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. Strain ADP1 by BenM, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Activator (1998)

In Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1, benzoate degradation requires the ben genes for converting benzoate to catechol and the cat genes for degrading catechol. Here we describe a novel transcriptional activator, BenM, that regulates the chromosomal ben and cat genes. BenM is homologous to CatM, a LysR-type transcriptional activator of the cat genes. Unusual regulatory features of this system include the abilities of both BenM and CatM to recognize the same inducer, cis,cis-muconate, and to regulate some of the same genes, such as catA and catB. Unlike CatM, BenM responded to benzoate. Benzoate together with cis,cis-muconate increased the BenM-dependent expression of the benABCDE operon synergistically. CatM was not required for this synergism, nor did CatM regulate the expression of a chromosomal benA::lacZ transcriptional fusion. BenM-mediated regulation differs significantly from that of the TOL plasmid-encoded conversion of benzoate to catechol in pseudomonads. The benM gene is immediately upstream of, and divergently transcribed from, benA, and a possible DNA binding site for BenM was identified between the two coding regions. Two mutations in the predicted operator/promoter region rendered ben gene expression either constitutive or inducible by cis,cis-muconate but not benzoate. Mutants lacking BenM, CatM, or both of these regulators degraded aromatic compounds at different rates, and the levels of intermediary metabolites that accumulated depended on the genetic background. These studies indicated that BenM is necessary for ben gene expression but not for expression of the cat genes, which can be regulated by CatM. In a catM-disrupted strain, BenM was able to induce higher levels of catA expression than catB expression.
Degradation‐linked ubiquitin signal and proteasome are integral components of DNA double strand break repair: New perspectives for anti‐cancer therapy (2011)

Damaged DNA leads to genomic instability that causes many diseases such as cancer. Cells evolved the DNA damage response (DDR), which recognizes and efficiently repairs damaged DNA through the action of highly coordinated signalling mechanisms. Recently, a non-degradation-linked Lys(K)63-ubiquitin signal emerged as a signalling pathway essential for orchestration of the DDR after DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). How the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation system (UPS) coordinates DDR after DSBs is still poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence, suggesting the involvement of the degradation-linked K48-ubiquitin signal and the proteasome at the sites of DSBs. Based on this we propose the UPS as a central element in the orchestration of the DDR at the sites of DSBs. The suggested model is also discussed in the context of anti-cancer therapy.
Plaque growth while chewing sorbitol and xylitol simultaneously with sucrose flavored gum (1979)

In a recent study, sorbitol flavored chewing gum was found neither to increase nor decrease the normal rate of plaque formation, whereas high plaque scores were obtained with sucrose gum during 4 days of no mechanical tooth cleaning. The aim of the present study was to see if chewing sorbitol or xylitol flavored gum together with sucrose gum would affect the growth rate of plaque and whether chewing of xylitol flavored gum could reduce the amount of already formed plaque. Twenty-seven dental students refrained from mechanical oral hygiene measures from Monday to Friday morning for 3 weeks. The students were randomly divided into three groups. A three time crossed-over double-blind approach was used. During each test period one group chewed a combination of one piece sorbitol and one piece sucrose flavored gum five times per day, the second group correspondingly chewed xylitol and sucrose flavored gum, while the third group served as a no hygiene control group. After each test period the students in the control group chewed one piece of xylitol gum every 15 minutes for 2.5 hours. The participants started out each week with clean teeth and were at the end of each test period scored for visible plaque on the facial, mesial and lingual surfaces of their teeth. There was somewhat more plaque after 4 days of chewing sucrose-sorbitol and sucrose-xylitol gum combinations than after no oral hygiene alone. There was no difference between the two test treatments. The 2.5-hour chewing of xylitol flavored gum after the no oral hygiene period did not result in a reduction of the 4-day-old plaque.
Miniature multitarget sputtering system for the <i>in situ</i> x-ray study of high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> multilayer film growth (1994)

A miniature sputtering system equipped with mylar windows allowing for normal and grazing incidence x-ray studies to be performed in real time during film growth is described herein. The system incorporates multitarget sputtering guns which allow for the deposition of up to four different materials. In this way multilayer structures can be studied in situ without changing the substrate environment or alignment between layers.
An Intelligent Assistant for High-Level Task Understanding (2016)

People are able to interact with domain-specific intelligent assistants (IAs) and get help with tasks. But sometimes user goals are complex and may require interactions with multiple applications. However current IAs are limited to specific applications and users have to directly manage execution spanning multiple applications in order to engage in more complex activities. An ideal personal agent would be able to learn, over time, about tasks that span different resources. This paper addresses the problem of cross-domain task assistance in the context of spoken dialogue systems. We propose approaches to discover users' high-level intentions and using this information to assist users in their task. We collected real-life smartphone usage data from 14 participants and investigated how to extract high-level intents from users' descriptions of their activities. Our experiments show that understanding high-level tasks allows the agent to actively suggest apps relevant to pursuing particular user goals and reduce the cost of users' self-management.
Impedance electrodes positioned on proximal portions of limbs quantify fluid compartments in dogs (1991)

Body resistance and reactance to the conduction of an alternating electrical current were measured using electrodes attached to distal and proximal portions of limbs in anesthetized dogs. Body impedance was calculated from these measurements obtained at 30-min time intervals during a control period and after intravenous administration of 0.9% saline. Extracellular (ECW) and total body water (TBW) were determined by bromide and heavy water dilution techniques, respectively. Baseline impedance obtained from proximal electrodes was related to ECW (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001) and TBW (r = 0.80, P less than 0.02). After saline infusion, proximal electrodes detected a significant fall in impedance (P less than 0.001), whereas distal electrodes did not (P = 0.06). Furthermore, ECW and TBW could be estimated from the drop of proximal impedance after this bolus infusion (r = 0.82, P less than 0.02, and r = 0.86, P less than 0.01, respectively), but not from distal impedance measurements. Proximally placed impedance electrodes are superior to traditionally used distal electrodes for assessment of body fluid changes in the dog.
The Distributed Virtual Meeting Room Exercise (2005)

In this paper, we describe our research on distributed virtual meeting rooms. Starting point is our research on multi-party interaction, where the interaction may take place in real, augmented and virtual environments. Moreover, those that interact may be humans, human-controlled avatars, (semi-)autonomous agents, mobile robots, etc. In this paper the emphasis is on connecting meeting environments and transforming perceived and captured meeting activity into multimedia representations of that activity, including re-generation of activity in virtual reality, and making this re-generation perceivable in different, internet-connected, environments. This re-generation is useful for on-line meeting assistance, remote meeting participation and assistance, and for off-line access to meeting information.
Speech Perception with Mono- and Quadrupolar Electrode Configurations: A Crossover Study (2005)

More confined configurations reduced the longitudinal width of the electrical field, which was expected to enhance channel separation, but no improvement in word recognition was found. More research is needed to test confined configurations that have enhanced efficiency and to evaluate the fundamental effects of configuration on channel discriminability.
Sensorless brushless DC motor drive for air-conditioner compressor (2002)

Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) conventionally require position sensors to generate proper commutation instructions. Due to the high temperature environment, BLDCM in air-conditioner compressor requires a robust speed control without rotor position sensors. In this paper, a novel hybrid solution was presented to achieve reliable sensorless rotor position detection with relative concise and low cost circuit as well as little software expense. Experimental results shows that the schemes implemented are workable and the performance achieved are satisfactory.
Log Depth Circuits for Division and Related Problems (1986)

We present optimal depth Boolean circuits (depth $O(\log n)$) for integer division, powering, and multiple products. We also show that these three problems are of equivalent uniform depth and space complexity. In addition, we describe an algorithm for testing divisibility that is optimal for both depth and space.
A Framework for Predictive Web Prefetching at the Proxy Level using Data Mining (2008)

The intelligence of adapting to the needs of specific users has become a potential research area for web technologies amidst the problems like heterogeneous network connectivity, real-world distances, and congestion due to unexpected network demand. Web caching, one such adaptations, is a technology that helps to reduce the network usage and server loads and improve average latencies experienced by the user. Web latency would be further significantly reduced if proxy or Web server softwares could make predictions about the pages that a user is most likely to request next, while the user is viewing the current page, and prefetch their content. This technique is known as predictive web preftching. Both these techniques, along with the use of data mining mechanisms have been used in this paper for optimizing the access time for accessing web pages from a web server. In the proxy server, the proposed data mining based service would run in background mode. The service computes the web pages likely to be requested by the user, considering their past web access log history, using association rules and thus optimizing the access time.
Neointima formation after vascular stent implantation. Spatial and chronological distribution of smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation. (1994)

Intravascular stents have proved useful as angioplasty devices, but intimal hyperplasia after stent implantation remains an unsolved problem. In the present study, we analyzed the spatial and chronological distribution of proliferation and phenotypes of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rabbit aortas during the process of neointima formation after stent implantation (Gianturco's Z type) by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and myosin heavy chain isoforms (SM1, SM2, and SMemb). Stent implantation induced regional injury in the arterial wall. Medial SMCs then began to proliferate adjacent to the injured SMCs, maximally on day 4 (PCNA index in the media: 3.9 +/- 3.4% [mean +/- SD]), and were modulated to the embryonic phenotype (SMemb-positive and SM2-negative). They migrated into the intima and proliferated most frequently on day 7 (PCNA index in the intima: 20.3 +/- 5.5%) and subsequently led to fibrocellular neointima formation at 2 weeks and later. At 1 month after implantation and later, SMC proliferation was rare, and the phenotype of intimal SMCs was gradually returning to the adult type (SMemb-negative and SM2-positive). Thus, this stent implantation model demonstrates that the regional effect on arterial wall by stenting leads to neointima formation through transient and regional proliferation and migration of SMCs and their phenotypic modulations.
Identification of Cellulose Fibers Isolated from Reconstituted Tobacco (1976)

Abstract It is well known that the physicaI characteristics of natural fibers, particularly those of vegetable or cellulosic origin, can be controlled within well-defined limits by the chemicaI pulping methods and by the degree of refining to which they are subjected. It has been found that when such materials are subjected to a mild chemical treatment for the isolation of the cellulose, the isolated cellulose fiber, under microscopic analysis, has retained its physicaI identity despite the chemicaI exposures. This technique has been successfully applied to reconstituted tobacco as a means of identifying the source of the cellulose used in its manufacture. Not only can the source of the cellulose be determined as being from tobacco or wood, but the degree of refining to which these constituents were subjected prior to conversion into the reconstituted product can be easily ascertained. Photomicrographic proof for the validity of these statements is presented