gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face Recognition Based on Polar Frequency Features (2005)

A novel biologically motivated face recognition algorithm based on polar frequency is presented. Polar frequency descriptors are extracted from face images by Fourier-Bessel transform (FBT). Next, the Euclidean distance between all images is computed and each image is now represented by its dissimilarity to the other images. A Pseudo-Fisher Linear Discriminant was built on this dissimilarity space. The performance of Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) descriptors, and a combination of both feature types was also evaluated. The algorithms were tested on a 40- and 1196-subjects face database (ORL and FERET, respectively). With 5 images per subject in the training and test datasets, error rate on the ORL database was 3.8, 1.25 and 0.2% for the FBT, DFT, and the combined classifier, respectively, as compared to 2.6% achieved by the best previous algorithm. The most informative polar frequency features were concentrated at low-to-medium angular frequencies coupled to low radial frequencies. On the FERET database, where an affine normalization pre-processing was applied, the FBT algorithm outperformed only the PCA in a rank recognition test. However, it achieved performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods when evaluated by verification tests. These results indicate the high informative value of the polar frequency content of face images in relation to recognition and verification tasks, and that the Cartesian frequency content can complement information about the subjects' identity, but possibly only when the images are not pre-normalized. Possible implications for human face recognition are discussed.
Bunyavirus Nucleoprotein, N, and a Non-structural Protein, NSS, Are Coded by Overlapping Reading Frames in the S RNA (1983)

It has been shown previously, by sequence analysis of the S RNA segment of snowshoe hare (SSH) bunyavirus, that two overlapping open reading frames in the viral complementary sequence code for proteins with molecular weights of 26.8 X 10(3) and 10.5 X 10(3) respectively. In addition to the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is coded by the S RNA, analyses of parental and reassortant bunyavirus-infected cell extracts have shown that the viral S RNA and M RNA species each code for non-structural proteins (NSS and NSM, respectively). In the present report, in vitro translation analyses of the S mRNA species recovered from virus-infected cells indicate that a single size class of mRNA directs the synthesis of N and NSS. Compositional analyses of selected tryptic peptides of N and NSS have provided proof that N is the product of the first open reading frame, and NSS the product of the second.
MENINGEAL WORM-INDUCED NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN BLACK-TAILED DEER (1977)

Neurologic disease attributable to Parelaphostrongylus tenuis was diagnosed in five black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) relocated from Oregon to Tennessee. Mortality occurred in the pre-release enclosure and in the release area. Infection with P. tenuis was considered the cause of an unsuccessful stocking attempt. In addition, neurologic disease was produced by experimental infection of a black-tailed x white-tailed deer hybrid. Clinical and pathologic findings were described for black-tailed and hybrid deer, and epizootiologic aspects of P. tenuis infections were discussed.
Energy Efficiency of Space and Polarization MIMO Communications With Packet Erasures Over Wireless Fading Channels (2014)

The transmit energy efficiency (EE) of space- polarization multiple-input multiple-output (SpPol-MIMO) architectures, dual-polarized MIMO architectures (DP-MIMO), and conventional co-polarized MIMO (CP-MIMO) schemes are compared for packet-based communication systems using full multiplexing without channel state information at the transmitter. We develop a closed-form approximation for assessing the EE of single-input single-output (SISO) and MIMO systems and show tradeoffs that exist between EE, spectral efficiency, modulation schemes, and packet designs. Using a hardware/software testbed, we also compare the EE among SISO, 2 × 2 CP-MIMO, 2 × 2 DP-MIMO, and 4 × 4 SpPol-MIMO architectures in frequency-selective MIMO channels. Emulation results from the testbed indicate that in the high SNR-regime, SpPol-MIMO provides the best EE performance in spatially uncorrelated channels, with EEs approximately four and two times better than SISO and 2 × 2 MIMO architectures, respectively. In Rician channels exhibiting either partial or high sAbstract-The transmit energy efficiency (EE) of space- polarization multiple-input multiple-output (SpPol-MIMO) architectures, dual-polarized MIMO architectures (DP-MIMO), and conventional co-polarized MIMO (CP-MIMO) schemes are compared for packet-based communication systems using full multiplexing without channel state information at the transmitter. We develop a closed-form approximation for assessing the EE of single-input single-output (SISO) and MIMO systems and show tradeoffs that exist between EE, spectral efficiency, modulation schemes, and packet designs. Using a hardware/software testbed, we also compare the EE among SISO, 2 × 2 CP-MIMO, 2 × 2 DP-MIMO, and 4 × 4 SpPol-MIMO architectures in frequency-selective MIMO channels. Emulation results from the testbed indicate that in the high SNR-regime, SpPol-MIMO provides the best EE performance in spatially uncorrelated channels, with EEs approximately four and two times better than SISO and 2 × 2 MIMO architectures, respectively. In Rician channels exhibiting either partial or high spatial correlation, DP-MIMO offers more than a 2× performance improvement relative to the other architectures at high SNR. At low SNR, SISO systems offer the best energy efficiency but also exhibit the lowest data rates. For all of the architectures, operating points are identified that provide near achievable data rates while operating at a local minimum in energy consumption.patial correlation, DP-MIMO offers more than a 2× performance improvement relative to the other architectures at high SNR. At low SNR, SISO systems offer the best energy efficiency but also exhibit the lowest data rates. For all of the architectures, operating points are identified that provide near achievable data rates while operating at a local minimum in energy consumption.
Scientific Computing (2018)

Heath 2/e, presents a broad overview of numerical methods for solving all the major problems in scientific computing, including linear and nonlinear equations, least squares, eigenvalues, optimization, interpolation, integration, ordinary and partial differential equations, fast Fourier transforms, and random number generators. The treatment is comprehensive yet concise, software-oriented yet compatible with a variety of software packages and programming languages. The book features more than 160 examples, 500 review questions, 240 exercises, and 200 computer problems. Changes for the second edition include: expanded motivational discussions and examples; formal statements of all major algorithms; expanded discussions of existence, uniqueness, and conditioning for each type of problem so that students can recognize good and bad problem formulations and understand the corresponding quality of results produced; and expanded coverage of several topics, particularly eigenvalues and constrained optimization. The book contains a wealth of material and can be used in a variety of one- or two-term courses in computer science, mathematics, or engineering. Its comprehensiveness and modern perspective, as well as the software pointers provided, also make it a highly useful reference for practicing professionals who need to solve computational problems.
Table of contents

1 Scientific Computing
2 Systems of Linear Equations
3 Linear Least Squares
4 Eigenvalues Problems
5 Nonlinear Equations
6 Optimization
7 Interpolation
8 Numerical Integration and Differentiation
9 Initial Value Problems for ODEs
10 Boundary Value Problems for ODEs
11 Partial Differential Equations
12 Fast Fourier Transform
13 Random Numbers and Simulation
New approaches for the design and the fabrication of pixelated filters (2017)

Multispectral or hyperspectral images allow acquiring new information that could not be acquired using colored images and, for example, identifying chemical species on an observed scene using specific highly selective thin film filters. Those images are commonly used in numerous fields, e.g. in agriculture or homeland security and are of prime interest for imaging systems for onboard scientific applications (e.g. for planetology).
Bilayer synergetic coupling double negative acoustic metasurface and cloak (2018)

In this paper, we propose a bilayer plate-type lightweight double negative metasurface based on a new synergetic coupling design concept, by which the perfect absorption, double negative bands, free manipulation of phase shifts with a 2π span and acoustic cloak can be successively realized. Firstly, the synergetic behavior between resonant and anti-resonant plates is presented to construct a bilayer unit in which each component respectively provides a pre-defined function in realizing the perfect absorption. Based on this bilayer structure, a double negative band with simultaneously negative effective mass density and bulk modulus is obtained, which, as a metasurface, can obtain continuous phase shifts almost completely covering a 2π range, thus facilitating the design of a three-dimensional (3D) acoustic cloak. In addition, based on this strong sound absorption concept, a two-dimensional (2D) omnidirectional broadband acoustical dark skin, covering between 800 to 6000 Hz, is also demonstrated through the proposed bilayer plate-type structure form. The proposed design concepts and metasurfaces have widespread potential application values in strong sound attenuation, filtering, superlens, imaging, cloak, and extraordinary wave steering, in which the attributes of strong absorption, double negative parameters or continuous phase shifts with full 2π span are required to realize the expected extraordinary physical features.
Effect of Bifidobacterium longum ingestion on experimental salmonellosis in mice (2004)

Results suggest that dietary supplementation with B. longum could provide benefits against enteric infection.
Civil contingencies (2004)

In this article, the author outlines the government proposals for effective responses to emergencies and major disasters. Partnership working is a major theme within this and therefore there will be implications for crime and disorder partnerships.
Optical Detection of <em>E. coli</em> Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors (2013)

A label-free optical biosensor based on a nanostructured porous Si is designed for rapid capture and detection of Escherichia coli K12 bacteria, as a model microorganism. The biosensor relies on direct binding of the target bacteria cells onto its surface, while no pretreatment (e.g. by cell lysis) of the studied sample is required. A mesoporous Si thin film is used as the optical transducer element of the biosensor. Under white light illumination, the porous layer displays well-resolved Fabry-Pérot fringe patterns in its reflectivity spectrum. Applying a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to reflectivity data results in a single peak. Changes in the intensity of the FFT peak are monitored. Thus, target bacteria capture onto the biosensor surface, through antibody-antigen interactions, induces measurable changes in the intensity of the FFT peaks, allowing for a 'real time' observation of bacteria attachment. The mesoporous Si film, fabricated by an electrochemical anodization process, is conjugated with monoclonal antibodies, specific to the target bacteria. The immobilization, immunoactivity and specificity of the antibodies are confirmed by fluorescent labeling experiments. Once the biosensor is exposed to the target bacteria, the cells are directly captured onto the antibody-modified porous Si surface. These specific capturing events result in intensity changes in the thin-film optical interference spectrum of the biosensor. We demonstrate that these biosensors can detect relatively low bacteria concentrations (detection limit of 10(4) cells/ml) in less than an hour.
The preparation of O-(formylmethyl)cellulose (1984)

A new aldehyde derivative of cellulose, O-(formylmethyl)cellulose was prepared by three methods. The first one is based on the base-catalysed elimination of nitromethane from O-(3-nitro-2-hydroxypropyl)cellulose obtained by the reaction of sodium nitrite in dimethylformamide with O-(3-iodo-2-hydroxypropyl)cellulose. The second process is a mild acid hydrolysis of O-(2,2-diethoxylethyl)cellulose formed through the alkylation of dry alkali cellulose by bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal. The principle of the third procedure is a periodate oxidation of O-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)cellulose, prepared from an O-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) derivative in an aqueous alkali solution. The procedure yields a mixed aldehydic derivative - O-(formylmethyl)-2,3-dialdehydocellulose. The application of these reactions to bead cellulose preserves its porosity as well as the spheric particle-shape even at the degree of substitution by formylmethyl groups up to 0.2.
Identification of Neurophysin Immunoreactivity in Hypothalamus by a Monoclonal Antibody to a Carcinoma Cell Surface Antigen (1990)

Mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) L6 identifies an antigen expressed on the cell surface of many different human carcinomas. While studying the binding activity of mAb L6 to intracerebral tumor xenografts of human lung carcinoma LX-1 cells in nude rats using immunohistological techniques, we observed that L6 can also bind to a cytoplasmic antigen expressed in the magnocellular component of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Double-labeling experiments with antisera to vasopressin and oxytocin confirmed the localization of L6 immunoreactivity within both peptide-containing cell groups. L6 immunoreactivity in Brattleboro rats (with genetic deletion in the vasopressin gene) was exclusively localized within oxytocin neurons. Oxytocin and vasopressin failed to block L6 staining which suggested that its target epitope resides within the neurophysin sequence, and this explanation was supported by the finding that adsorption of L6 with porcine neurophysin completely eliminated hypothalamic immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis of bovine neurophysin and human pituitary extracts identified L6-immunoreactive bands which corresponded to the position of neurophysin and pro-pressophysin, confirming that L6 immunoreactivity in hypothalamus is related to neurophysin. Thus, monoclonal antibody L6, which is highly reactive with a membrane antigen of human lung cancer cell line LX-1, recognizes a cytoplasmic epitope in hypothalamic neurons identified as neurophysin by immunohistochemistry and Western analysis.
Generator for Producing High Concentrations of Small Ions (1961)

An arrangement of a needle and a sonic orifice has been developed which is capable of converting the corona current into free small ions with 100% efficiency. Positive and negative ion concentrations of 1011 ions/cm3 in the sonic jet and total ion outputs of 1014/sec have been achieved using 2.5 cfm of free air at 30 psig through a116−in. orifice. Theoretical and experimental studies of the ion decay rate in the jet show that the concentrations drop off approximately as the square of the distance from the ionizer.
Bonding of benzo[a]pyrene to nitrogen heterocycles by anodic oxidation (1974)

Anodic oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene (I) in the presence of pyridine or 4-picoline results in the formation of the 6-(N-pyridinium) and 6-(N-picolinium) derivatives in high yield; the corresponding reaction using 1-methyl-imidazole also results in oxidative coupling but the methylimidazolium residue appears to be bonded to benzo[a]pyrene at C-1.
A Security-Preserving Compiler for Distributed Programs (2009)

We enforce information flow policies in programs that run at multiple locations, with diverse levels of security. We build a compiler from a small imperative language with locality and security annotations down to distributed code linked to concrete cryptographic libraries. Our compiler splits source programs into local threads; inserts checks on auxiliary variables to enforce the source control flow; implements shared distributed variables using instead a series of local replicas with explicit updates; and finally selects cryptographic mechanisms for securing the communication of updates between locations. We establish computational soundness for our compiler: under standard assumptions on cryptographic primitives, all confidentiality and integrity properties of the source program also hold with its distributed code, despite the presence of active adversaries that control all communications and some of the program locations. We also present performance results for the code obtained by compiling sample programs.
Proposed Treatment for Infants With Wolman Disease (1989)

Presently available information indicates that Wolman disease is due to a defect in a single lysosomal enzyme molecule, called acid lipase, esterase, or cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC3.1.1.13). Cells of the reticuloendothelial system, hepatocytes, adrenocortical, and presumably many other cells normally, contain a neutral esterase associated with their microsomes, which is not deficient in Wolman disease. Theoretically, catabolism of intracellular hydrophobic cholesterol (esters and triglycerides) should proceed normally in Wolman disease cells whenever the metabolic chain does not depend on lysosomal hydrolysis.
Capacitive Sensor for Active Tip Clearance Control in a Palm-Sized Gas Turbine Generator (2005)

The efficiency of a gas turbine has an inverse relationship to the clearance between the rotor blades and the casing. Recent efforts in miniaturization of micro gas turbine engines have created a new challenge in blade tip clearance measurement. This paper describes the development of a capacitive tip clearance measurement system, based on a synchronous detection of a phase-modulated signal, for a palm-sized gas turbine engine with an integral ceramic rotor piece. A surface modification of the ceramic compressor and rotor with conductive coating is utilized to create a novel configuration of a tip clearance probe. The probe capacitance varies by approximately 120 fF for a 100-/spl mu/m blade displacement. Periodic autocalibration is used to reduce the effects of temperature drift on the sensor output. The remaining measurement error drift of 1.5 fF//spl deg/C was caused by the temperature drift of the probe parasitic capacitor. The random uncertainty was between 1.9 and 6.9 /spl mu/m depending on the tip clearance gap.
Fuel-Efficient Centralized Coordination of Truck Platooning (2016)

The problem of how to coordinate a large fleet of trucks with given itinerary to enable fuel-efficient platooning is considered. Platooning is a promising technology that enables trucks to save significant amounts of fuel by driving close together and thus reducing air drag. A setting is considered in which a fleet of trucks is provided with transport assignments consisting of a start location, a destination, a departure time and an arrival deadline from a higher planning level. Fuel-efficient plans are computed by a centralized platoon coordinator. The plans consist of routes and speed profiles that allow trucks to reach their respective destinations by their arrival deadlines. Hereby, the trucks can meet on common parts of their routes and form platoons, resulting in a decreased fuel consumption. First, routes are computed. Then, all pairs of trucks that can potentially platoon are identified. Potential platoon pairs are identified efficiently by extracting features from the routes and processing these features. In the next step, two types of plans are computed for each vehicle: default and adapted plans. An adapted plan is such that the vehicle can meet another vehicle en route and platoon. We formulate a combinatorial optimization problem that combines these plans in order to achieve low fuel consumption. An algorithm to compute optimal solutions to this problem is developed. The optimization problem is shown to be NP-hard, which motivates us to propose a heuristic algorithm that can handle realistically sized problem instances. The resulting plans are further optimized using convex optimization. The method is evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations in a realistic setting. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can compute plans for thousands of trucks and that significant fuel savings can be achieved.
Biophysical Properties of Optogenetic Tools and Their Application for Vision Restoration Approaches (2016)

Optogenetics is the use of genetically encoded light-activated proteins to manipulate cells in a minimally invasive way using light. The most prominent example is channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which allows the activation of electrically excitable cells via light-dependent depolarization. The combination of ChR2 with hyperpolarizing-light-driven ion pumps such as the Cl(-) pump halorhodopsin (NpHR) enables multimodal remote control of neuronal cells in culture, tissue, and living animals. Very soon, it became obvious that this method offers a chance of gene therapy for many diseases affecting vision. Here, we will give a brief introduction to retinal function and retinal diseases; optogenetic vision restoration strategies will be highlighted. We will discuss the functional and structural properties of rhodopsin-based optogenetic tools and analyze the potential for the application of vision restoration.
Adaptive watermarking in the DCT domain (2002)

An adaptive watermarking technique is introduced in this work. A regional perceptual classifier is employed to assign a noise sensitivity index to each region. The watermark is inserted in the original image according to this index by using block DCT. The detection of the watermark is designed to achieve a desired false alarm probability.
A High Throughput Screen Identifies Nefopam as Targeting Cell Proliferation in β-Catenin Driven Neoplastic and Reactive Fibroproliferative Disorders (2012)

Fibroproliferative disorders include neoplastic and reactive processes (e.g. desmoid tumor and hypertrophic scars). They are characterized by activation of β-catenin signaling, and effective pharmacologic approaches are lacking. Here we undertook a high throughput screen using human desmoid tumor cell cultures to identify agents that would inhibit cell viability in tumor cells but not normal fibroblasts. Agents were then tested in additional cell cultures for an effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and β-catenin protein level. Ultimately they were tested in Apc1638N mice, which develop desmoid tumors, as well as in wild type mice subjected to full thickness skin wounds. The screen identified Neofopam, as an agent that inhibited cell numbers to 42% of baseline in cell cultures from β-catenin driven fibroproliferative disorders. Nefopam decreased cell proliferation and β-catenin protein level to 50% of baseline in these same cell cultures. The half maximal effective concentration in-vitro was 0.5 uM and there was a plateau in the effect after 48 hours of treatment. Nefopam caused a 45% decline in tumor number, 33% decline in tumor volume, and a 40% decline in scar size when tested in mice. There was also a 50% decline in β-catenin level in-vivo. Nefopam targets β-catenin protein level in mesenchymal cells in-vitro and in-vivo, and may be an effective therapy for neoplastic and reactive processes driven by β-catenin mediated signaling.