gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathologic features of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) infected with aerosolized Yersinia pestis. (2008)

Since the anthrax attacks of 2001, the emphasis on developing animal models of aerosolized select agent pathogens has increased. Many scientists believe that nonhuman primate models are the most appropriate to evaluate pulmonary response to, vaccines for, and treatments for select agents such as Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), the causative agent of plague. A recent symposium concluded that the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) plague model should be characterized more fully. To date, a well-characterized cynomolgus macaque model of pneumonic plague using reproducible bioaerosols of viable Y. pestis has not been published. In the current study, methods for creating reproducible bioaerosols of viable Y. pestis strain CO92 (YpCO92) and pneumonic plague models were evaluated in 22 Indonesian-origin cynomolgus macaques. Five macaques exposed to doses lower than 250 CFU remained free of any indication of plague infection. Fifteen macaques developed fever, lethargy, and anorexia indicative of clinical plague. The 2 remaining macaques died without overt clinical signs but were plague-positive on culture and demonstrated pathology consistent with plague. The lethal dose of plague in humans is reputedly less than 100 organisms; in this study, 66 CFU was the dose at which half of the macaques developed fever and clinical signs (ED(50)), The Indonesian cynomolgus macaque reproduces many aspects of human pneumonic plague and likely will provide an excellent model for studies that require a macaque model.
Work Space Analysis and Walking Algorithm Development for A Radially Symmetric Hexapod Robot (2008)

The Multi-Appendage Robotic System (MARS) built for this research is a hexapod robotic platform capable of walking and performing manipulation tasks. Each of the six limbs of MARS incorporates a three-degree of freedom (DOF), kinematically spherical proximal joint, similar to a shoulder or hip joint; and a 1-DOF distal joint, similar to an elbow or knee joint. Designing walking gaits for such multi-limb robots requires a thorough understanding of the kinematics of the limbs, including their workspace. The specic abilities of a walking algorithm dictate the usable workspace for the limbs. Generally speaking, the more general the walking algorithm is, the less constricted the workspace becomes. However, the entire limb workspace cannot be used in a continuous, statically stable, alternating tripedal gait for such a robot; therefore a subset of the limb workspace is dened for walking algorithms. This thesis develops MARS limb workspaces in the knee up conguration, and analyzes its limitations for walking on planar surfaces. The workspaces range from simple 2D geometry to complex 3D volumes. While MARS is a hexapedal robot, the tasks of dening the workspace and walking agorthm for all six limbs can be abstracted to a single limb using the constraint of a tripedal, statically stable gait. Based on understanding the behavior of an individual limb, a walking algorithm was developed to allow MARS to walk on level terrain. The algorithm is adaptive in that it continously updates based on control inputs. Open Tech developed a similar algorithm, based on a 2D workspace. This simpler algorithm developed resulted in smooth gait generation, with near-instantaneous response to control input. This accomplishment demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a more sophisticated algorithm, allowing for inputs of all six DOF: x and y velocity, z velocity or walking height, yaw, pitch and roll. This latter algorithm uses a 3D workspace developed to aord near-maximum step length. The workspace analysis and walking algorithm development in this thesis can be applied to the further advancement of walking gait generation algorithms.
Determining locations of faults in distribution systems (1997)

The subject of estimating the locations of line faults has been of interest to electric power engineers for over twenty-five years. The majority of the work reported, has been aimed at finding the locations of transmission line faults. This paper presents a technique that estimates the location of a shunt fault in a distribution system which includes many 'laterals'. The method uses the fundamental frequency voltages and currents measured at the line terminal. Intermediate load taps and nonhomogeneity of the line are taken into account. An iterative approach is used for finding the location of the fault. The technique estimates the location of single-phase-to-ground, two-phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase and balanced three-phase faults. Some test results are also reported.
Generation of C‐terminally truncated amyloid‐β peptides is dependent on γ‐secretase activity (2002)

Aberrant production of amyloid-beta peptides by processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein leads to the formation of characteristic extracellular protein deposits which are thought to be the cause of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, inhibiting the key enzymes responsible for amyloid-beta peptide generation, beta- and gamma-secretase may offer an opportunity to intervene with the progression of the disease. In human brain and cell culture systems a heterogeneous population of amyloid-beta peptides with various truncations is detected and at present, it is unclear how they are produced. We have used a combination of surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) and a specific inhibitor of gamma-secretase to investigate whether the production of all amyloid-beta peptide species requires the action of gamma-secretase. Using this approach, we demonstrate that the production of all truncated amyloid-beta peptides except those released by the action of the nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase enzyme or potentially beta-site betaAPP cleaving enzyme 2 depends on gamma-secretase activity. This indicates that none of these peptides are generated by a separate enzyme entity and a specific inhibitor of the gamma-secretase enzyme should havethe potential to block the generation of all amyloidogenicpeptides. Furthermore in the presence of gamma-secretase inhibitors, the observation of increased cleavage of the membrane-bound betaAPP C-terminal fragment C99 by alpha-secretase suggests that during its trafficking C99 encounters compartments in which alpha-secretase activity resides.
FECG Extraction Based On BSS Of Sparse Signal (2008)

The Electrocardiograph (ECG) signal presents the sparseness. A new method is proposed in this paper for extracting the Fetal Electrocardiograph (FECG), which uses the Blind Source Separation (BSS) theory of Sparse Signal. Both the Wavelet Analysis method and a new Vanish Circle scheme are involved in this method to avoid the influence on the signal separation, because the ECG signals are not completed sparse signals. Some experiments show that this method is very effective for FECG.
On the decision regions of multilayer perceptrons (1990)

The capabilities of two-layer perceptrons are examined with respect to the geometric properties of the decision regions they are able to form. It is known that two-layer perceptrons can form decision regions which are nonconvex and even disconnected, though the extent of their capabilities in comparison to three-layer structures is not well understood. By relating the geometry of arrangements of hyperplanes to combinatorial properties of subsets hypercube vertices, certain facts concerning the decision regions of two-layer perceptrons are deduced, and examples of decision regions which can be realized by three-layer perceptrons but not by a two-layer form are constructed. The results indicate that the graduation in ability between two- and three-layer architectures is strict. The examples of nonconvex and disconnected decision regions illustrate that the two-layer perceptron is a more capable structure than was once supposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The pharmacokinetics of alcohol excretion in human perspiration. (1985)

The elimination of ethanol (ETOH) as a gas in human insensible perspiration (PAC) was investigated following the oral administration of 0.5 g/kg or 0.75 g/kg of alcohol. Simultaneous breath alcohol analysis (AAC) was also carried out for comparison purposes. To determine reproducibility, one subject experienced five trials at each dose over a period of six months, in addition to a single dose (0.5 g/kg) trial with five other subjects. All ETOH concentrations were determined by gas chromatography (GLC). A one-compartment open model with first order absorption and pseudo-zero-order elimination was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters. The average first order absorption rate constant (K alpha) and pseudo-zero-order elimination rate constant (beta) for ten trials in a single subject were: K alpha AAC = 1.60 h-1 and 1.39 h-1, beta AAC = 0.154 g/l/h and 0.192 g/l/h. K alpha PAC = 1.27 h-1 and 1.11 h-1, beta PAC = 0.109 g/l/h and 0.141 g/l/h for 0.5 g/kg and 0.75 g/kg ETOH, respectively. In all experiments, AAC was consistently higher than PAC during active absorption, with significantly higher (p less than 0.05) average peak concentration (Cmax) and shorter (p less than 0.05) average time to peak (tmax). However, during the later stages of elimination, AAC falls below PAC, with a significantly faster (p less than 0.05) elimination rate (beta). The data indicates that ETOH elimination via perspiration does not parallel the breath and that the pharmacokinetic parameters are significantly different.
Long-Term Erythropoietin Gene Expression from Transduced Cells in Bioisolator Devices (2003)

Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) is widely administered for long-term treatment of anemia associated with renal failure and other chronic diseases. The ability to deliver EPO by gene therapy would have clinical and economic benefit. We compared autologous and allogeneic transduced primary vascular smooth muscle cells for their ability to provide sustained EPO gene expression when encapsulated in TheraCyte devices implanted subcutaneously (SQ) or intraperitoneally (IP) in rats. Cells were transduced with retrovirus vector LrEpSN encoding rat EPO cDNA. Rats that received either autologous or allogeneic transduced cells showed elevated hematocrits (HCTs) ranging from 50 to 79% that were sustained for more than 12 months. The HCT of control rats remained at baseline (45.8%). Rats that received second SQ implants of either autologous or allogeneic cells showed elevations in hematocrit that were sustained for up to 12 months, suggesting the absence of immunological responses to transduced cells or implant material. All experimental groups had statistically significant elevated HCT (p < 0.001) when compared with controls. Both SQ and IP implantation were equally effective in delivering EPO long term. There were no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) or platelet (PLT) values between treated and control animals. Implantation of TheraCyte devices was well tolerated and histological evaluation of the devices up to 12 months after surgery revealed a high degree of vascularization and no evidence of host immune response. TheraCyte devices offer a simple and safe gene delivery system that provides sustained therapeutic gene expression, permit removal and implantation of new devices, and do not require immunosuppression of the host.
Glembatumumab vedotin, a conjugate of an anti-glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B mAb and monomethyl auristatin E for the treatment of melanoma and breast cancer. (2010)

Glembatumumab vedotin (CR-011-vc-MMAE) is a mAb-drug conjugate being developed by Celldex Therapeutics Inc for the treatment of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB)-expressing cancers. Glembatumumab is a fully human mAb directed against an extracellular domain of GPNMB expressed in human breast cancers and melanomas. Glembatumumab is conjugated to the potent microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E using a cathepsin cleavable valine-citrulline (vc) dipeptide linker. Glembatumumab vedotin has demonstrated potent antitumor activity in preclinical studies, including in GPNMB-expressing cell lines. In human melanoma xenograft mice, intravenous glembatumumab vedotin was associated with complete tumor regression without significant toxicity. In two phase I/II clinical trials, intravenous glembatumumab vedotin demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with breast cancer or melanoma. Skin rash was the most common toxicity reported, which may have been caused by the expression of GPNMB in healthy skin. Glembatumumab vedotin had a relatively short t(1/2) , prompting the evaluation of more frequent dosing schedules. Prospective, randomized clinical trials will likely be required to determine the therapeutic potential of glembatumumab vedotin in the treatment of breast cancer and melanoma.
Effects of 450°C Thermal Annealing Upon Oxygen Precipitation in B-Doped CZ Si Wafers (1986)

This study investigated effects of 450/sup 0/C pre-anneal upon oxygen precipitation during subsequent low (700/sup 0/C)-medium (950/sup 0/C) temperature two-step furnace anneals. Measurements were made on lightly B-doped CZ Si with low and high carbon concentrations, and on low carbon content medium and heavily B-doped CZ Si. Our oxygen precipitation rate and oxide precipitate morphology data show that both carbon and boron significantly affect oxygen precipitation rates and plate-like and polyhedral oxide precipitates coexist in wafers with low boron and carbon levels.
Design and synthesis of substituted imidazole and triazole<i>N</i>-phenylbenzo[<i>d</i>]oxazolamine inhibitors of retinoic acid metabolizing enzyme CYP26 (2008)

The design of N-phenylbenzo[d]oxazolamines as CYP26A1 inhibitors involved ligand docking experiments using molecular modeling (FlexX) and analysis of ligand interactions at the binding domain. The synthesis of the benzooxazol-2-yl-[phenyl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)phenyl]amines was achieved by cyclisation of the corresponding isothiocyanates with subsequent introduction of the haem-binding heterocycle. Triazole and tetrazole derivatives were also prepared for comparison with the lead imidazole derivative. The benzooxazol-2-yl-[phenyl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)phenyl]amines with small substituents in the phenyl ring were moderately potent CYP26A1 inhibitors (IC(50) 8 and 12 microM) and comparable with liarozole (IC(50) 7 microM).
Variation in Glucosinolates in Oriental Brassica Vegetables (1987)

Abstract The glucosinolates (GSs) were estimated in the normally eaten portions of 72 cultivars of Oriental brassica vegetables including mustard greens ( Brassica juncea L.), Chinese kale ( B. oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Bail.), Chinese cabbage ( B. rapa L. Pekinensis Group Bail.), pak choy ( B. rapa Chinensis Group Bail.), tendergreen ( B. rapa Perviridis Group Bail.), turnip ( B. rapa L. Rapifera Group Bail., B. narinosa Bail., and B. nipposinica Bail.). Variation in GS profiles was complex. There was variation in percentages of major GSs and total GS among B. juncea, B. oleracea , and the combination B. rapa plus narinosa and nipposinica and among four subspecific groups of rapa plus the two species closely related to rapa: narinosa and nipposinica. B. juncea had distinctively high proportions of allyl-GS, ranging from 81% to 94%, whereas B. oleracea had distinctively high proportions of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GS, ranging from 9% to 68%. Differences in GS profiles among the rapa groups, narinosa and nipposinica , were less distinctive. Cultivars of pak choy from China differed in percentages of three minor GSs from cultivars from Japan and elsewhere. There was also variation among cultivars of Chinese kale and between turnip foliage and roots.
Acute oxygen supply by infusion of hemoglobin solutions. (1975)

Preparations of 6% human hemoglobin have been investigated for 4 years. While the oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the left, the hemoglobin solution has been shown to deliver oxygen adequately to the tissues in animal studies. Intracorporeal fate has been investigated by 131-I tagging, and the hemoglobin has not been found to accumulate in the tissues. Intravascular half-life has varied between 1.5 and 3.5 hours.
Increase in Viscosity and Gel Formation of Fruit Juice by Purified Pectinesterase (1965)

The pectinesterase produced by Sclerotinia libertiana was purified by the column chromatography employing cation exchange resin Amberlite CG 50 and CM cellulose. The specific activity per mg protein was increased 266-fold. The homogeneity of the enzyme preparation was confirmed by ultracentrifugal analysis and starch zone electrophoresis. The purified pectinestrase was found to remarkably increase the viscosity of pectin solution and fruit juice, and, in a pectin solution of appropriate concentration (about 0.5~1 %) and some fruit juices, it finally formed the cosity thus increased and gel formed by the enzyme action did not change for a long time.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutations in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1970)

Improved methods for rearing and screening large numbers of flies permitted the recovery of 10 mutations exhibiting a reversible temperature-dependent adult paralysis among 1.1×106 flies tested. Of the 10 mutations, two were allelic to parats,two were alleles in a new locus, stoned (stn), and six fell into a third area, the shibire (shi) locus. Several of the shi alleles cause embryonic, larval and adult paralysis at 29° C as well as structural anomalies of various tissues. In addition to the ts mutations, several non-conditional mutations affecting adult movement were recovered.
Tryptophan content of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (1985)

The tryptophan content of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin was investigated. When the tryptophan content was determined by amino acid analysis after the hydrolysis of epsilon prototoxin with methanesulfonic acid containing 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole and by the spectrophotometric method with N-bromosuccinimide, the number of tryptophan residues was calculated at 1/mol of the protein. Cleavage of the prototoxin or the toxin with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of urea gave two new fragments on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was only a tyrosine residue as the new N-terminal amino acid after the cleavage of the prototoxin or the toxin with N-bromosuccinimide. The data showed that epsilon prototoxin or epsilon toxin contained only one tryptophan residue.
Protocol Oblivious Forwarding (POF): Software-Defined Networking with Enhanced Programmability (2017)

Software-defined networking separates the control and forwarding planes of a network to make it more programmable and application- aware. As one of the initial implementations of SDN, OpenFlow abstracts a forwarding device as a flow table and realizes flow processing by applying the "match-and-act" principle. However, the protocol-dependent nature of OpenFlow still limits the programmability of the forwarding plane. Hence, in this article, we discuss how to leverage protocol-oblivious forwarding (POF) to further enhance the network programmability such that the forwarding plane becomes protocol-independent and can be dynamically reprogrammed to support new protocol stacks seamlessly. We first review the development of OpenFlow and explain the motivations for introducing POF. Then we explain the working principle of POF, discuss our efforts on realizing the POF development ecosystem, and show our implementation of POF-based source routing as a novel use case. Finally, we elaborate on the first WAN-based POF network testbed that includes POF switches located in two cities in China.
Obtaining Triploid Muscat Grapes by in vitro Culture of Ovules and Embryos After Crossing Between Diploid and Tetraploid Cultivars (1993)

To breed new seedless grape cultivars we crossed 'Muscat of Alexandria' (2x) and its 4x mutant reciprocally and cultured the immature ovules and embryos in vitro. Ovules sampled 50 days after crossing could develop embryos on a liquid medium of half strength of MS supplemented with 2 ppm of IAA, 0.4 ppm of GA3 and 0.1 % of activated charcoal. After 55 days culture, normally developed embryos were obtained from 20 to 30 % of the ovules from 4x×2x and 50 to 70 % of those from 2x×4x. Embryos taken out from the cultured ovules were planted on an agar medium of MS or N&N for 55 to 65 days. Ten to twenty % of embryos from 2x×4x crossing grew to rooted plantlets successfully. They were proved to be triploid after the measurement of chromosome number. Embryos from 4x×x2x, however, could not grow to plantlets because of the failure of rooting.
Anionic Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide in the Presence of the Phosphazene Base Bu<sup><i>t</i></sup>P<sub>4</sub> – Kinetic Investigations Using In‐Situ FT‐NIR Spectroscopy and MALDI‐ToF MS (2003)

Abstract Fourier‐transform near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) fiber‐optic spectroscopy was successfully used to monitor the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO). Kinetic data are provided for the polymerization of EO with the sec ‐BuLi/Bu t P 4 initiating system under different reaction conditions. In addition, the influence of different initiators and reaction conditions on the polymerization of EO is investigated. Online monitoring using NIR spectroscopy reveals an unexpected induction period present in EO homopolymerizations as well as in the synthesis of PEO containing block copolymers with [Li/Bu t P 4 ] + counterions. The resulting polymers are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). A low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐ b ‐PEO) diblock copolymer was synthesized to gain more insight into the observed induction period by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐ToF MS) on samples taken during EO polymerization. The induction period is believed to be a result of different factors involved in the formation of active centers, for example, the break up of lithium alkoxide aggregates by the phosphazene base Bu t P 4 , and chain length effects. It depends on reaction temperature, concentration of the phosphazene base Bu t P 4 , as well as the structure of the initiator. SEC traces for EO homopolymerizations using different initiating systems at 50 °C. magnified image SEC traces for EO homopolymerizations using different initiating systems at 50 °C.
A recommendation for naming proteins in Neurospora (1996)

The issue of gene product names is important in as much as it promotes consistency within the literature and promotes accessibility of the Neurospora literature to readers more familiar with other organisms.
Ambient odor's effect on creativity, mood, and perceived health (1992)

In two sessions held 1 week apart, subjects completed a performance task involving creativity, four personality tests, and questionnaires concerning their mood, perceived health, and perceptions of the testing environment. In one session the testing room was scented with lemon, lavender or dimethyl sulfide (DMS); in the other session it was unscented. There were 15 women and 15 men in each odor conditon. Fewer health symptoms were reported in the lemon conditon on scented compared to unscented days. Subjects in the DMS group were in a less pleasant mood than those in the lavender group on both scented and unscented days; the order in which subjects were exposed to DMS played a role in the mood findings. There were no significant differences in feelings of arousal or control. The room was rated as smelling less pleasant on scented compared to unscented days by subjects in the DMS condition. Differences in creativity performance were not significant, but relationships emerged between personality traits and the effect of odor on task performance. These findings are discussed in terms of how associations and expectations concerning odors may play a role in odor's effect on humans.