gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of Martian middle atmosphere tides observed by the Mars Climate Sounder (2015)

Abstract The increased local time coverage retrieved from the Mars Climate Sounder on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter enables the direct extraction of thermal tides in the Mars middle atmosphere. Using temperature profiles from Mars years 30 to 32, we studied the latitudinal and seasonal variations in the tides and stationary planetary waves with zonal wave numbers s = 1–3. The amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide exhibits strong semiannual variations in both the equatorial region and the middle latitudes of Southern Hemisphere. The migrating semidiurnal tide (SW2) shows clear semiannual variations in the equatorial region and the middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere but an annual variation in the Southern Hemisphere. The spatial and temporal correlations between the SW2 amplitude and the density‐scaled opacity of both the water ice and dust in the equatorial region may provide a possible explanation for the tidal forcing of SW2. Three Kelvin modes with zonal wave numbers 1–3 (DE1–DE3) have significant seasonal variations in the equatorial region. DE1 appears to have a semiannual variation, whereas DE2 and DE3 have clear annual variations. Herein, for the first time, we have extracted the westward propagating diurnal tide with s = 2 and 3 and semidiurnal tide with s = 1 in the Mars middle atmosphere using observational data. All three waves have asymmetric latitudinal distributions, which should correspond to their possible excitation source, i.e., nonlinear interactions between stationary planetary waves and migrating tides.
Achromatic holographic optical elements for coupling laser diode to single mode fiber (2002)

A key barrier to market penetration of optics into the electronic marketplace for a wide range of applications is cost. One of the advantages of computer generated holograms is the low fabrication cost based on VLSI processing technology. In addition, as further investment is made and the technology advances, CGH fabrication technology will follow that investment/learning curve to achieve further cost reduction. In this presentation, the design of a new low cost computer generated hologram for coupling a laser diode to single mode fiber will be presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach to the synthesis of substituted 2(1<i>H</i>)‐quinolinones (1991)

Abstract A new synthetic approach for the preparation of substituted 2(1 H )‐quinolinones 5 from readily available anilines has been developed. The four step procedure resulted in the synthesis of a variety of substituted 2(1 H )‐quinolinones in good yields and under mild reaction conditions.
Wave Propagation in a Medium with a Progressive Sinusoidal Disturbance (1961)

A recent paper by Simon derives approximate results, employing only three space harmonics, for the propagation characteristics of an electromagnetic wave traveling in a medium possessing a progressive sinusoidal disturbance. A rigorous result is presented here for this same problem, taking into account all of the space harmonics; also, a sufficiency condition for the convergence of this solution is discussed. This sufficiency condition is not satisfied in a particular case treated by Simon. It is shown that his analysis of this case is in error, and that the total field is singular there. The singular nature of the field is associated with "supersonic" effects in the medium containing the progressive disturbance.
EVALUATION OF HARMONIC MOTION ELASTOGRAPHY AND ACOUSTO-OPTIC IMAGING FOR MONITORING LESION FORMATION BY HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND (2012)

Malignant or benign tumors may be ablated with high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This technique, known as focused ultrasound surgery (FUS), has been actively investigated for decades, but slow to be implemented and difficult to control due to lack of real‐time feedback during ablation. Two methods of imaging and monitoring HIFU lesions during formation were implemented simultaneously, in order to investigate the efficacy of each and to increase confidence in the detection of the lesion. The first, Acousto‐Optic Imaging (AOI) detects the increasing optical absorption and scattering in the lesion. The intensity of a diffuse optical field in illuminated tissue is mapped at the spatial resolution of an ultrasound focal spot, using the acousto‐optic effect. The second, Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI), detects the changing stiffness in the lesion. The HIFU beam is modulated to force oscillatory motion in the tissue, and the amplitude of this motion, measured by ultrasound pulse‐echo techniques, is influenced by the stiffness. Experiments were performed on store‐bought chicken breast and freshly slaughtered bovine liver. The AOI results correlated with the onset and relative size of forming lesions much better than prior knowledge of the HIFU power and duration. For HMI, a significant artifact was discovered due to acoustic nonlinearity. The artifact was mitigated by adjusting the phase of the HIFU and imaging pulses. A more detailed model of the HMI process than previously published was made using finite element analysis. The model showed that the amplitude of harmonic motion was primarily affected by increases in acoustic attenuation and stiffness as the lesion formed and the interaction of these effects was complex and often counteracted each other. Further biological variability in tissue properties meant that changes in motion were masked by sample‐to‐sample variation. The HMI experiments predicted lesion formation in only about a quarter of the lesions made. In simultaneous AOI/HMI experiments it appeared that AOI was a more robust method for lesion detection.
Participation of sulfur occurred during the Mitsunobu reaction: synthesis of novel isodideoxythionucleosides (1998)

Novel isodideoxythionucleosides have been synthesized from our versatile intermediate, L-4-thioarabitol derivative 5 using the Mitsunobu reaction as a key step. It is found that the sulfur atom of the 4-thiofuranose derivative takes part in the Mitsunobu reaction.
Intravenous uridine treatment antagonizes hypoglycaemia‐induced reduction in brain somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity (1986)

By means of radioimmunoassay procedures, cholecystokinin-(CCK) and somatostatin-(SRIF) like immunoreactivity have been studied in the dorsal hippocampal formation and in the frontoparietal cortex of the male rat in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, leading to an isoelectric EEG pattern. It has been demonstrated that severe hypoglycaemia of 40-min-duration produces a disappearance of SRIF but not of CCK-like immunoreactivity in both cortical regions. It was found that an i.v. injection of uridine but not of saline could significantly counteract the disappearance of SRIF-like immunoreactivity induced by severe hypoglycaemia in both cortical areas. Uridine did not by itself change plasma glucose levels. It is suggested that uridine may prevent release and/or increase synthesis of cortical SRIF peptides in severe hypoglycaemia, possibly due to an action on the metabolism (e.g. by enhancing the resynthesis of phosphatidyl inositol) within the tissue of the cerebral cortex and/or on putative pyrimidine binding sites in the brain controlling SRIF synthesis and/or release. It is possible that uridine in this way may improve recovery of neuronal function within SRIF-immunoreactive neurons of the cerebral cortex after severe hypoglycaemia (which also may be true in other states of reduced metabolic support). These findings suggest a possibility to use uridine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Status epilepticus.
Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers Spun from DNA‐Stabilized Dispersions (2004)

Abstract The fabrication of single‐walled carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers containing (salmon) DNA has been demonstrated. The DNA material has been found to be adequate for dispersing relatively large concentrations (up to 1 % by weight) of carbon nanotubes. These dispersions are better suited for fiber spinning than previously studied dispersions based on conventional surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The DNA‐containing fibers were less conductive than the fibers based on SDS, but they were significantly stronger. Considerably increased conductivity was obtained by thermally annealing the CNT/DNA fibers, a process accompanied by a loss in mechanical strength. Smaller improvements in conductivity could be introduced by annealing the carbon nanotubes before fiber production, with no alteration of the fiber mechanical properties. Those CNT/DNA fibers that were mechanically strong and conductive also exhibited good electrochemical behavior and useful capacitance values (up to 7.2 F g –1 ).
Photochemical reactivity of keto imino ethers. VI. Type I rearrangement and (2 + 2) photocycloaddition to the carbon-nitrogen double bond of 2-oxazolin-4-ones (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactivity of keto imino ethers. VI. Type I rearrangement and (2 + 2) photocycloaddition to the carbon-nitrogen double bond of 2-oxazolin-4-onesRonald M. Rodehorst and Tad H. KochCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 25, 7298–7304Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00858a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00858a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface patterns from block copolymer self-assembly (2008)

It is widely recognized that further extension of optical lithography to even smaller dimensions will be accompanied by rapid increasing cost and difficulty. There is growing interest in devising alternative patterning methods that will support the evolution of microelectronics to the 10nm length scale. Block copolymer lithography, which uses self-assembled microdomains of block copolymers in thin films, can provide arrays of periodic patterns of 10–50nm length scales with a simple process and low cost. While this capability is attractive, the periodic nature of the microdomain patterns places significant restrictions on how block copolymer lithography can be practically implemented. In this review, the authors survey materials and methods for carrying out the controlled assembly of block copolymers in thin films for surface patterning applications. After a brief introduction to block copolymers and their phase behavior, the authors discuss ordering of block copolymer in thin films based on four different thickness categories. Approaches to directed self-assembly are reviewed along with the limitations and challenges of block copolymer lithography. Finally the authors note the circumstances that make it an opportune time to resolve the remaining technological issues facing block copolymer lithography and to demonstrate its utility as an adjunct to traditional photolithography.
Statistical Results on Control Variables with Application to Queueing Network Simulation (1982)

The development and application of control variables for variance reduction in the simulation of a wide class of closed queueing networks is discussed. These networks allow multiple types of customers, priorities and blocking. Alternative methods of generating confidence intervals from independent replications of a simulation are investigated. A result is given which quantifies the loss in variance reduction caused by the estimation of the optimum control coefficients. This loss is an increasing function of the number of control variables. Good variance reduction is obtained providing that the number of control variables remains small.
Targeted gene transfer into ependymal cells through intraventricular injection of AAV1 vector and long-term enzyme replacement via the CSF (2014)

Enzyme replacement via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been shown to ameliorate neurological symptoms in model animals with neuropathic metabolic disorders. Gene therapy via the CSF offers a means to achieve a long-term sustainable supply of therapeutic proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) by setting up a continuous source of transgenic products. In the present study, a serotype 1 adeno-associated virus (AAV1) vector was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle in adult mice to transduce the gene encoding human lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A (hASA) into the cells of the CNS. Widespread transduction and stable expression of hASA in the choroid plexus and ependymal cells was observed throughout the ventricles for more than 1 year after vector injection. Although humoral immunity to hASA developed after 6 weeks, which diminished the hASA levels detected in CSF from AAV1-injected mice, hASA levels in CSF were maintained for at least 12 weeks when the mice were tolerized to hASA prior of vector injection. Our results suggest that the cells lining the ventricles could potentially serve as a biological reservoir for long-term continuous secretion of lysosomal enzymes into the CSF following intracerebroventricular injection of an AAV1 vector.
The births of five Spanish babies from cryopreserved donated oocytes (2003)

With the freezing/thawing technique used, oocyte survival was high ( approximately 90%). The pregnancy rate with frozen oocytes was similar to that obtained using fresh oocytes from donors ( approximately 50%).
Management of Vocal Process Granuloma (2005)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vocal process grnauloma is a relatively rare disease caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux, vocally abusive behavior and endotracheal intubation etc. However, management of these diseases is not clearly identified except for intubation ganuloma untill now. We analyzed 58 cases of vocal process granuloma with the exception of post-intubation cases, and investigated treatment modality. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty-eight cases were analyzed in this study. All cases were classified as remarked above. These patients were treated by medical treatment such as PPI (proton-pump inhibitor), H2-blocker, prokinetics, steroid inhalant, Botox injection and voice therapy. RESULTS: Contact granuloma was healed in 62.5% using mainly voice therapy, and additionally, prokinetics and PPI or H2 blocker. Reflux granuloma healed in 73.8% using mainly pokinetics and PPI or H2 blocker. Botox injection was applied in 2 refractory cases of contact granuloma. All of 2 cases were healed after Botox injection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that voice therapy and Botox injection are effective additional treatment modalities in refractory cases
CATHODIC POLYMERIZATION OF VALINE N-CARBOXY ANHYDRIDES(NCA’S) (1986)

Abstract Valine N-carboxy anhydrides(NCA’s) were very smoothly polymerized with electrogenerated bases(EGB) to give the polyvalines in high yields.
Logarithmic-periodic contiguous-channel microwave multiplexers (2003)

The applicability of logarithmic-periodic principles to the design of microwave multiport networks is discussed. It is demonstrated, in particular, how such principles can be put to use in solving microwave multiplexing problems. The practicability of the approach is illustrated with the help of two five-channel contiguous-band multiplexer designs and an experimental realization of one of these circuits covering most of C- and X-band. The experimental circuit is believed to represent the first successfully implemented and reported logarithmic-periodic microwave multiport circuit. It is noted that the solutions achieved with the technique considered exhibit excellent physical realizability and can be readily adapted to accommodate specific bandwidth requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SMALL SCALE PROPERTIES IN THE MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER (1974)

Fluctuating velocity and temperature data collected from instruments mounted at three levels on the R/V ACANIA were analyzed. The structure of atmospheric turbulence was examined on the basis of spectral distributions of wind and temperature fluctuations over the ocean. The results of this study were utilized to determine the validity of present formulations and prediction techniques for the momentum flux and the temperature-structure parameter over water.
Repression of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1971)

Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated in which the synthesis of the following, normally repressible enzymes of aromatic biosynthesis was constitutive: 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetases (phe and tyr), chorismate mutase T-prephenate dehydrogenase, and transaminase A. In the wild type, DAHP synthetase (phe) was multivalently repressed by phenylalanine plus tryptophan, whereas DAHP synthetase (tyr), chorismate mutase T-prephenate dehydrogenase, and transaminase A were repressed by tyrosine. DAHP synthetase (tyr) and chorismate mutase T-prephenate dehydrogenase were also repressed by phenylalanine in high concentration (10(-3)m). Besides the constitutive synthesis of DAHP synthetase (phe), the mutants had the same phenotype as strains mutated in the tyrosine regulatory gene tyrR. The mutations causing this phenotype were cotransducible with trpA, trpE, cysB, and pyrF and mapped in the same region as tyrR at approximately 26 min on the chromosome. It is concluded that these mutations may be alleles of the tyrR gene and that synthesis of the enzymes listed above is controlled by this gene. Chorismate mutase P and prephenate dehydratase activities which are carried on a single protein were repressed by phenylalanine alone and were not controlled by tyrR. Formation of this protein is presumed to be controlled by a separate, unknown regulator gene. The heat-stable phenylalanine transaminase and two enzymes of the common aromatic pathway, 5-dehydroquinate synthetase and 5-dehydroquinase, were not repressible under the conditions studied and were not affected by tyrR. DAHP synthetase (trp) and tryptophan synthetase were repressed by tryptophan and have previously been shown to be under the control of the trpR regulatory gene. These enzymes also were unaffected by tyrR.
Spontaneous Lipid Nanodisc Fomation by Amphiphilic Polymethacrylate Copolymers (2017)

There is a growing interest in the use of lipid bilayer nanodiscs for various biochemical and biomedical applications. Among the different types of nanodiscs, the unique features of synthetic polymer-based nanodiscs have attracted additional interest. A styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer demonstrated to form lipid nanodiscs has been used for structural biology related studies on membrane proteins. However, the application of SMA polymer based lipid nanodiscs is limited because of the strong absorption of the aromatic group interfering with various experimental measurements. Thus, there is considerable interest in the development of other molecular frameworks for the formation of polymer-based lipid nanodiscs. In this study, we report the first synthesis and characterization of a library of polymethacrylate random copolymers as alternatives to SMA polymer. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the ability of these polymers to form lipid bilayer nanodiscs through the fragmentation of lipid vesicles by means of light scattering, electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and solution and solid-state NMR experiments. We further demonstrate a unique application of the newly developed polymer for kinetics and structural characterization of the aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (also known as amylin) within the lipid bilayer of the polymer nanodiscs using thioflavin-T-based fluorescence and circular dichroism experiments. Our results demonstrate that the reported new styrene-free polymers can be used in high-throughput biophysical experiments. Therefore, we expect that the new polymer nanodiscs will be valuable in the structural studies of amyloid proteins and membrane proteins by various biophysical techniques.
Trifluoromethylated Pyrimidines Starting from b-Trifluoroacetyl-lactams, -lactone and -cyclanone (1994)

A synthesis of trifluoromethylated pyrimidines from beta-trifluoroacetyl-lactams and -benzolactams is accomplished by reaction with benzamidine as bis-nucleophile. This condensation is also extended to cyclic trifluoromethylated 1,3-diketones and 3-aroyl-2-pyrrolidinones.
Unequally Spaced Longitudinal Data with AR(1) Serial Correlation (1991)

This paper discusses longitudinal data analysis when each subject is observed at different unequally spaced time points. Observations within subjects are assumed to be either uncorrelated or to have a continuous-time first-order autoregressive structure, possibly with observation error. The random coefficients are assumed to have an arbitrary between-subject covariance matrix. Covariates can be included in the fixed effects part of the model. Exact maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters are computed using the Kalman filter to evaluate the likelihood, which is then maximized with a nonlinear optimization program. An example is presented where a large number of subjects are each observed at a small number of observation times. Hypothesis tests for selecting the best model are carried out using Wald's test on contrasts or likelihood ratio tests based on fitting full and restricted models.
Yeast NPI46 encodes a novel prolyl cis-trans isomerase that is located in the nucleolus. (1994)

We have identified a gene (NPI46) encoding a new prolyl cis-trans isomerase within the nucleolus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein encoded by NPI46 was originally found by us in a search for proteins that recognize nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) in vitro. Thus, NPI46 binds to affinity columns that contain a wild-type histone H2B NLS but not a mutant H2B NLS that is incompetent for nuclear localization in vivo. NPI46 has two domains, a highly charged NH2 terminus similar to two other mammalian nucleolar proteins, nucleolin and Nopp140, and a COOH terminus with 45% homology to a family of mammalian and yeast proline isomerases. NPI46 is capable of catalyzing the prolyl cis-trans isomerization of two small synthetic peptides, succinyl-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide and succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide, as measured by a chymotrypsin-coupled spectrophotometric assay. By indirect immunofluorescence we have shown that NPI46 is a nucleolar protein. NPI46 is not essential for cell viability.