gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of two doses of replacement growth hormone on the biochemical, body composition and psychological profiles of growth hormone-deficient adults (1997)

This study examined the effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), body composition and psychological profiles of GH-deficient adults. We assessed whether two doses of GH produced different effects on these variables and whether patients who, at the end of the study chose to remain on long-term GH replacement responded differently to those who chose to abandon therapy. Forty-two adults (aged 42.9 +/- 1.9 years (mean +/- S.E.M.)) with documented GH deficiency entered two studies (24 in study 1, 18 in study 2). Biochemical, body composition and psychological profiles were assessed at baseline, and after 6 months and 1 year. Psychological assessments were performed using well-established, independent, validated 'Quality of Life' questionnaires (Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB)). The study protocols differed only in the doses of growth hormone (0.024 mg/kg per day and 0.012 mg/kg per day respectively). Comparison between studies and between patients eventually continuing and abandoning GH therapy was performed. GH replacement was associated with significant changes in IGF-I levels (P < 0.001), body composition (P < 0.01) and self-perceived well-being (NHP, P < 0.01; PGWB, P < 0.01). The higher dose of GH produced a greater IGF-I response than the lower dosage (44.6 +/- 7.3 vs 26.2 +/- 3.6 nmol/l, P < 0.05), but no better psychological response (NHP, P = 0.22; PGWB, P = 0.23). Those deciding to continue replacement therapy did not respond differently to those choosing to abandon therapy with respect to IGF-I (P = 0.72), body composition (P = 0.38) and psychological assessment (NHP, P = 0.29; PGWB, P = 0.24). GH replacement in GH-deficient adults was associated with significant improvements in self-perceived well-being as well as changes in body composition and other variables. This improvement was similar at two different doses of replacement GH. Those patients electing to continue on long-term replacement did not achieve a demonstrably different psychological, body composition or biochemical benefit to those patients deciding to discontinue replacement.
ClearGrasp: 3D Shape Estimation of Transparent Objects for Manipulation (2019)

Transparent objects are a common part of everyday life, yet they possess unique visual properties that make them incredibly difficult for standard 3D sensors to produce accurate depth estimates for. In many cases, they often appear as noisy or distorted approximations of the surfaces that lie behind them. To address these challenges, we present ClearGrasp -- a deep learning approach for estimating accurate 3D geometry of transparent objects from a single RGB-D image for robotic manipulation. Given a single RGB-D image of transparent objects, ClearGrasp uses deep convolutional networks to infer surface normals, masks of transparent surfaces, and occlusion boundaries. It then uses these outputs to refine the initial depth estimates for all transparent surfaces in the scene. To train and test ClearGrasp, we construct a large-scale synthetic dataset of over 50,000 RGB-D images, as well as a real-world test benchmark with 286 RGB-D images of transparent objects and their ground truth geometries. The experiments demonstrate that ClearGrasp is substantially better than monocular depth estimation baselines and is capable of generalizing to real-world images and novel objects. We also demonstrate that ClearGrasp can be applied out-of-the-box to improve grasping algorithms' performance on transparent objects. Code, data, and benchmarks will be released. Supplementary materials available on the project website: https://sites.google.com/view/cleargrasp
Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Single Tablet for HIV-1 Infection Treatment (2012)

Stribild is the first single-tablet regimen for HIV-1 infection treatment containing an integrase inhibitor. It is expected to have a prominent place in the formularies of health plans providing care for individuals with HIV-1 infection.
Tangible interaction for conceptual architectural design (2003)

This work reports and experiments a tangible mixed reality system for architectural design usage scenarios, such as conceptual design, client brief or architectural design education. The system provides the means for an architect to intuitively interact with an augmented version of a real scale model, in normal working settings, where he can observe 3D virtual objects registered to the real ones. Intuitive tangible interfaces, implemented with paddles, are used to aid design and editing tasks in the mixed environment. By means of paddle gesturing recognition, it is possible to activate a menu, browse and choose menu options or pick, move, rotate and scale 3D virtual objects, within the scale model working area. To transport the user from augmented reality to a fully virtual environment (supporting real-time scene navigation, while in VR mode) and back, paddle gesturing recognition is also used. Complex architectural designs, described in the VRML 97 data format, can be imported into our system, which provides a platform, for testing now design concepts while seamlessly transporting the architect in a truly mixed reality environment: from reality (RE) to augmented reality (AR) and then through augmented virtuality (AV), towards a full virtual environment (VE), and back.
Interplay of the Static and Dynamic Restraints in Glenohumeral Instability (2002)

Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common, yet complicated orthopaedic disorder. During the past few years, basic science research has improved the understanding of the glenohumeral joint stabilizing systems. The current authors review new contributions specifically detailing study of the interplay between the static and dynamic restraints. Simulation of the shoulder muscles in a recent study also has manifested the powerful contribution of the joint reaction force to concavity-compression. Continued advances, such as these, will improve the understanding, and allow better outcome, in treatment of glenohumeral instability.
<i>In vitro</i>activities of new and established triazoles against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi (2005)

The in vitro activities of three new triazoles were determined and compared to those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 306 clinical isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cladophialophora carrionii, Coccidioides immitis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fusarium spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pseudallescheria boydii and Sporothrix schenckii. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by a broth macrodilution method of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M38-A procedure. Itraconazole (geometric mean MIC, 0.16-0.65 microg/ml), voriconazole (geometric mean MIC, 0.18-1.44 microg/ml), ravuconazole (geometric mean MIC, 0.18-1.09 microg/ml), and posaconazole (geometric mean MIC, 0.18-1.38 microg/ml), had relatively uniform values showing potent in vitro inhibitory activity against B. dermatitidis, C. carrionii, C. immitis, F. pedrosoi, H. capsulatum, and S. schenckii. The in vitro activity was variable with strains of P. boydii, P. lilacinus and Fusarium spp.
Muscle Diseases: The Muscular Dystrophies (2007)

Dystrophic muscle disease can occur at any age. Early- or childhood-onset muscular dystrophies may be associated with profound loss of muscle function, affecting ambulation, posture, and cardiac and respiratory function. Late-onset muscular dystrophies or myopathies may be mild and associated with slight weakness and an inability to increase muscle mass. The phenotype of muscular dystrophy is an endpoint that arises from a diverse set of genetic pathways. Genes associated with muscular dystrophies encode proteins of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, and the sarcomere and Z band, as well as nuclear membrane components. Because muscle has such distinctive structural and regenerative properties, many of the genes implicated in these disorders target pathways unique to muscle or more highly expressed in muscle. This chapter reviews the basic structural properties of muscle and genetic mechanisms that lead to myopathy and muscular dystrophies that affect all age groups.
The impact of intrinsic series resistance on MOSFET scaling (1987)

The intrinsic parasitic series resistance associated with the practical structure of a MOSFET is examined. The components considered include contact resistance, diffusion sheet resistance, spreading (injection) resistance, and accumulation layer resistance. The impact of the total resistance on MOSFET scaling is assessed, down to a channel length of 0.15 µm. The results show that, contrary to what has been claimed before, the transconductance and current of a MOSFET continue to increase as the channel length is miniaturized, although the degradation percentage-wise compared to an ideal device without series resistance continues to increase. Based on the degraded I-V characteristics and their effects on an inverter, it is shown here that for NMOS or PMOS digital circuits, the maximum degradation in speed due to series resistance is 20-35 percent compared to ideal scaling for the shortest channel considered. For CMOS circuits, the maximum degradation is reduced to 7-15 percent. In absolute terms, a loss of speed in either case due to miniaturization of channel length is not expected even down to 0.15 µm.
Rheological Comparison of Organogelators Based on Iron and Aluminum Complexes of Dodecylmethylphosphinic Acid and Methyl Dodecanephosphonic Acid (2009)

Organogels were prepared from a 1:3 molar ratio of metal/ligand complexes of iron(III) or aluminum(III) with methyl dodecanephosphonic acid or dodecylmethylphosphinic acid at a concentration of 10 mM in dodecane. Gelation occurs spontaneously upon dissolution of the solid complex. Dynamic oscillatory measurements over the temperature range of 100-150 degrees C indicate that these materials behave as living polymers. Both reptation and reversible chain scission contribute to stress relaxation. The phosphonate ester complex gels are stronger than the corresponding dialkylphosphinate complex gels. Even at 150 degrees C, the phosphonate ester complexes maintained significant structure. Zero-shear viscosity activation energies are in the range of 26.5-61.2 kJ/mol, comparable to that for typical polymer melts.
Characterising Across-Stack Optimisations for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are extremely computationally demanding, presenting a large barrier to their deployment on resource-constrained devices. Since such systems are where some of their most useful applications lie (e.g. obstacle detection for mobile robots, vision-based medical assistive technology), significant bodies of work from both machine learning and systems communities have attempted to provide optimisations that will make CNNs available to edge devices. In this paper we unify the two viewpoints in a Deep Learning Inference Stack and take an across-stack approach by implementing and evaluating the most common neural network compression techniques (weight pruning, channel pruning, and quantisation) and optimising their parallel execution with a range of programming approaches (OpenMP, OpenCL) and hardware architectures (CPU, GPU). We provide comprehensive Pareto curves to instruct trade-offs under constraints of accuracy, execution time, and memory space.
Trailblazing: A Hierarchical Approach to Percolation Scheduling (1993)

Percolation Scheduling (PS) is a system for performing parallelizing transformations for the VLIW and super-scalar cumputation models.
Jiminy: helping users to remember their passwords (2001)

This paper presents a novel approach to a familiar problem - that of helping users to choose better passwords, and to remember them. User identification and authentication is an essential aspect of our technologically advanced world, but the difficulty with remembering passwords is well known. This paper presents a mechanism for recording\npasswords for users by applying a very simple and well-known mechanism to conceal the passwords from casual intruders while facilitating retrieval of the passwords by the authorized user. A prototype implementation of the scheme, named Jiminy, has been developed. The prototype was evaluated with a small number of users. The results of the evaluation are presented here.
Novel Cluster and Monomer-Based GalNAc Structures Induce Effective Uptake of siRNAs in Vitro and in Vivo (2018)

GalNAc conjugation is emerging as a dominant strategy for delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides to hepatocytes. The structure and valency of the GalNAc ligand contributes to the potency of the conjugates. Here we present a panel of multivalent GalNAc variants using two different synthetic strategies. Specifically, we present a novel conjugate based on a support-bound trivalent GalNAc cluster, and four others using a GalNAc phosphoramidite monomer that was readily assembled into tri- or tetravalent designs during solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. We compared these compounds to a clinically used trivalent GalNAc cluster both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, cluster-based and phosphoramidite-based scaffolds show a similar rate of internalization in primary hepatocytes, with membrane binding observed as early as 5 min. All tested compounds provided potent, dose-dependent silencing, with 2-4% of injected dose recoverable from liver after 1 week. The two preassembled trivalent GalNAc clusters showed higher tissue accumulation and gene silencing relative to di-, tri-, or tetravalent GalNAc conjugates assembled via phosphoramidite chemistry.
A new mitochondrial disease associated with mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy. (1990)

A variable combination of developmental delay, retinitis pigmentosa, dementia, seizures, ataxia, proximal neurogenic muscle weakness, and sensory neuropathy occurred in four members of a family and was maternally transmitted. There was no histochemical evidence of mitochondrial myopathy. Blood and muscle from the patients contained two populations of mitochondrial DNA, one of which had a previously unreported restriction site for AvaI. Sequence analysis showed that this was due to a point mutation at nucleotide 8993, resulting in an amino acid change from a highly conserved leucine to arginine in subunit 6 of mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase. There was some correlation between clinical severity and the amount of mutant mitochondrial DNA in the patients; this was present in only small quantities in the blood of healthy elderly relatives in the same maternal line.
Cancer Cells in Transit: The Vascular Interactions of Tumor Cells (2009)

Metastasis is a highly regulated, multistep process in which cancerous cells shed from the primary tumor and enter the circulatory system, where they interact extensively with host cells before they lodge and colonize the target organ. The adhesive interactions of circulating tumor cells with platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells facilitate their survival and extravasation from the vasculature, thus representing critical kick-off events for the colonization of distant organs. This review presents our current mechanistic knowledge on vascular interactions of tumor cells, and it discusses biochemical and cell and molecular biology techniques used for the identification of novel receptor-ligand pairs mediating these interactions. This review brings together diverse observations about the contributions of key molecular constituents, including selectins, fibrin(ogen), and CD44, in one mechanistic interpretation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of adhesive interactions between tumor cells and host cells may provide guidelines for developing promising antimetastatic therapies when initiated early in the course of disease progression.
Immunocytochemical detection of extracellular annexin II in cultured human skin keratinocytes and isolation of annexin II isoforms enriched in the extracellular pool (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against trypsinized human skin epidermal cells and selected for their staining of the epidermal cells in a cell periphery pattern. One antibody, CP-1, immunoprecipitated a 36 kDa protein that was identified as annexin II heavy chain by microsequencing of a CNBr-generated peptide fragment from the antigen and by cross-identification with another anti-annexin II antibody. In addition to staining a broad cell periphery band in keratinocytes, CP-1 also detected annexin II outside and in between the top layer cells before cell permeabilization. Double-labeling of annexin II and F-actin revealed a distinct topographical relationship between the two, with intercellular annexin II flanked by the submembranously located actin of the juxta-positioned cells. Annexin II was isolated from cultured keratinocytes via immunoaffinity column chromatography in one step, using the same monoclonal antibody CP-1 and was found to be resolved into multiple isoforms when analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The predominant components of annexin II were basic, with pI of 6.5-8.5, and some of them formed disulfide-linked monomeric multimers under non-reducing conditions. Acidic annexin II isoforms with pI 5.4-5.8 were barely detectable among the total annexin II isolated but were selectively enriched in an extracellular pool created by 0.05% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dispersion of the cultured cells into single cell suspensions. Furthermore, they can be separated from the rest of annexin II by using a different elution condition. A 46 kDa protein, the identity of which is unclear, co-eluted with the acidic isoforms in the EDTA washes. These acidic isoforms, which co-eluted with the 46 kDa protein, are suspected of corresponding to the extracellular annexin II detected immunocytochemically.
Spiral junction termination (1997)

A new junction termination structure composed of a decreasing width spiral diffused resistor connecting anode and cathode region is presented. Leakage current through the spiral resistor results in optimized voltage distribution between the spiral turns which effectively reduces high electric field at the anode junction curvature. By circuit mode device modeling approach, the influence of several design parameters of importance on the breakdown properties were investigated. A major concern was shown to be the possibility of a premature reach-through between the spiral turns, resulting in increased leakage current and soft breakdown characteristics. A design with nonuniform spiral width and optimized spacing between the spiral turns is proposed, enabling almost ideal breakdown voltages with reduced spiral leakage current and eliminated reach-through between the spiral turns. Low susceptibility to oxide charges is confirmed by irradiation test, showing improvement of breakdown properties after irradiation. Further improvement in operation is obtained by a floating spiral structure due to spiral resistance limiting the increase of the multiplication induced current through the spiral. In comparison with common termination structures the spiral junction termination offers simple design and processing, close to ideal breakdown voltages and high reliability of operation.
Optimal buffer control during congestion in an ATM network node (2002)

The problem of optimal buffer space priority control in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network node is studied. The buffer of a transmission link is shared among the cells of several traffic classes waiting for transmission through the link. When the number of cells to be stored in the buffer exceed the available buffer space, certain cells have to be dropped. Different traffic classes have different sensitivities to cell losses. By appropriate selection of the classes of cells that are dropped in case of overflow, the more sensitive classes can be made to suffer smaller cell losses. Arriving cells might be blocked from entering the system or they may be dropped after they are already in the buffer. Depending on the control that is on the system, three classes of policies are distinguished. In each one, policies that schedule the buffer allocation in some optimal manner are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Exceptionally Potent Inducer of Cytoprotective Enzymes (2010)

The Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway controls a network of cytoprotective genes that defend against the damaging effects of oxidative and electrophilic stress, and inflammation. Induction of this pathway is a highly effective strategy in combating the risk of cancer and chronic degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration. An acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone) bearing two highly electrophilic Michael acceptors is an extremely potent inducer in cells and in vivo. We demonstrate spectroscopically that both cyano enone functions of the tricyclic molecule react with cysteine residues of Keap1 and activate transcription of cytoprotective genes. Novel monocyclic cyano enones, representing fragments of rings A and C of the tricyclic compound, reveal that the contribution to inducer potency of the ring C Michael acceptor is much greater than that of ring A, and that potency is further enhanced by spatial proximity of an acetylenic function. Critically, the simultaneous presence of two cyano enone functions in rings A and C within a rigid three-ring system results in exceptionally high inducer potency. Detailed understanding of the structural elements that contribute to the reactivity with the protein sensor Keap1 and to high potency of induction is essential for the development of specific and selective lead compounds as clinically relevant chemoprotective agents.
The impact of pensions on employment: a comparative analysis of the UK and Spain (2014)

El objetivo de esta investigacion es cuantificar y analizar para el Reino Unido y Espana la cantidad total de trabajo, directo e indirecto, que se necesita para producir la cesta de consumo que adquieren los jubilados con sus pensiones. Como consecuencia del cambio demografico producido en la mayoria de los paises desarrollados, se espera que la poblacion de edad mas avanzada continue aumentando en el futuro, de manera que el gasto en pensiones adquirira un mayor peso en la asignacion del factor trabajo durante los proximos anos. Utilizando metodologia Input-Output y datos del consumo de bienes y servicios procedentes de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares de Eurostat, primero calculamos el empleo necesario para satisfacer la demanda de los pensionistas y determinamos las principales causas de los cambios observados en el vector de trabajo total a traves de un analisis shift-share. Posteriormente desarrollamos cuatro simulaciones para estimar el numero de puestos de trabajo vinculados con las pensiones en 2030, cuando los modelos de pensiones del Reino Unido y Espana presenten mayores problemas de sostenibilidad al comenzar la jubilacion de los baby-boomers. En definitiva, este trabajo pretende ser una contribucion al debate actual sobre la viabilidad de los sistemas de pensiones en la UE, donde se defiende una posicion alternativa a la vision convencional, de manera que los ingresos asociados a las pensiones publicas no deberian ser considerados como una carga, sino mas bien como una fuente de empleo cuando una economia opera por debajo del nivel de pleno empleo.
RFID: Why the worry? (2006)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is seen as a promising yet costly solution to improving supply-chain and inventory challenges. But if you use RFID, what new auditing techniques will you also need? What new problems will you face? And why has RFID sparked a storm of controversy? The author discusses these issues and includes a useful checklist to help you implement RFID. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.