gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in severely brain-injured patients (1995)

These findings suggest that the estimated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is a useful substitute for the traditional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen when cerebral blood flow information is not available. In addition, with this parameter, the patient's metabolic status can be assessed more frequently than with cerebral blood flow studies. These measurements do not require special instrumentation and can be done in any intensive care setting.
Improvement of power efficiency of inductive links for implantable devices (2008)

This paper presents the analysis of inductive links for remote powering of implantable devices and a method to improve the power link efficiency by modifying the geometrical parameters of planar spiral inductors. The analysis of the inductive links includes a model for the inductors, which is more accurate for larger bandwidths. The corresponding equations for the power and voltage transfer functions in the inductive links are solved by using MATLABpsilas Symbolic Math Toolbox. These equations are verified in Agilent ADS, and the results perfectly match. Besides the analysis, a method to improve the power efficiency by changing the geometrical parameters of the spiral inductors is proposed.
Application-Specific Muscle Representations (2002)

The need to model muscles means different things to artistic and technical practitioners. Three different muscle representations are presented and the motivations behind their design are discussed. Each representation allows unique capabilities and operations to be performed on the model, yet the underlying mathematical foundation is the same for all. This is achieved by developing a data-fitting pipeline that allows samples that are generated from different data sources to be used in the guided construction of a B-spline solid. We show how B-spline solids can be used to create muscles from contour curves extracted out of medical images, digitized fibre sets from dissections of muscle specimens, and profile curves that can be interactively sketched and manipulated by an anatomical modeller.
Detecting changes in a dynamic environment for updating its maps by using a mobile robot (2002)

For mobile robots working in a dynamic environment, there is a great need for a global environment map that is updated frequently. In the paper, we propose a new method by which a mobile robot with an original environment map automatically detects changes in the environment and modifies the map into a new version. The changes are identified by performing robot localization and change detection alternatively at some planned observation positions. To deal with robot position errors caused by dead reckoning, available information on the original map and a local map recording already detected changes is utilized as much as possible. Simulation results show this method is efficient even for detecting large changes in a complex environment.
The sarcoglycan complex in skeletal muscle (2015)

In skeletal muscle, the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex forms a link between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix that is critical for muscle integrity. Within this complex resides the sarcoglycan subcomplex, which consists of four transmembrane glycoproteins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-sarcoglycan). During assembly, beta-sarcoglycan tightly associates with delta-sarcoglycan to form a functional core that then recruits gamma- and alpha-sarcoglycan to form the sarcoglycan complex. Together with sarcospan, the sarcoglycan complex binds other components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and integrates into the myofibre's membrane. Once integrated, the sarcoglycan complex plays a pivotal role in mechanically stabilising the sarcolemma as well as the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Additionally, the sarcoglycan complex undergoes chemical modifications in response to muscle contractions, thereby transducing mechanical information into a cellular signal. Mutations in the sarcoglycans induce limb girdle muscular dystrophy, and several animal models have been established to study the molecular biology and function of the sarcoglycan complex. This review discusses the role of the sarcoglycan complex in skeletal muscle and describes the functional deficiencies that lead to muscular dystrophies.
Soluble complement receptor 1 inhibits both complement and granulocyte activation during ex vivo hemodialysis. (1995)

Hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes results in both complement and granulocyte activation. We investigated the effects of soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1), a potent complement inhibitor, on both complement and granulocyte activation in an ex vivo model of dialysis. Measurements were made of complement activation (radioimmunoassay for C3a desArg) as well as granulocyte activation (flow cytometric measurements of reactive oxygen species production, granulocyte CD11b/CD18 (MAC-1) expression and CD62L (L-selectin) expression). sCR1 completely abolished the generation of plasma C3a desArg during ex vivo hemodialysis. Without sCR1, C3a desArg levels rose from 968 +/- 373 ng/ml to 4961 +/- 40 ng/ml by the end of the ex vivo procedure (p < 0.001). sCR1 also completely inhibited MAC-1 upregulation and L-selectin shedding from granulocytes during ex vivo hemodialysis. With sCR1 there was still a statistically significant increase in granulocyte reactive oxygen species production (from 2.42 +/- 0.1 fluorescence channels to 6.47 +/- 0.7 fluorescence channels, p < 0.01) but a 50% inhibition when compared with experiments without sCR1 (3.15 +/- 0.5 to 11.2 +/- 1.9, p < 0.01). We conclude that sCR1 completely abolishes complement activation and changes in granulocyte cell adhesion molecules during ex vivo hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes. sCR1 partially inhibits granulocyte reactive oxygen species formation.
Aerosol Vaccination against Newcastle Disease I. Studies on Particle Size (1976)

Studies revealed that the majority of particles emitted by three different aerosol generators were in the size ranges of 0.5-1 and 1-3 mum. In general, the smaller the aperture setting, the larger the total number of particles. The difference between the generators in number of particles emitted were not significant enough to produce appreciable difference in antibody titers obtained from vaccinated chickens. Antibody titers were higher in birds vaccinated with the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus than in birds vaccinated with the B-1 strain, although protection against challenge was approximately similar. Aerosol challenge was found as effective as intramuscular challenge.
An Effective Radiological Safety Program for Electron Linear Accelerators (1981)

An outline is presented of some of the main elements of an electron accelerator radiological safety program. The discussion includes types of accelerator facilities, types of radiations to be anticipated, activity induced in components, air and water, and production of toxic gases. Concepts of radiation shielding design are briefly discussed and organizational aspects are considered as an integral part of the overall safety program.
In-Situ Monitoring of Batch Crystallization by Ultrasound Spectroscopy (2000)

The possibility of using acoustic spectroscopy for the on-line and in-situ monitoring of particle size distributions and volume concentrations in batch crystallization processes is investigated. First, the acoustic technique is discussed, along with the evaluation of the involved model parameters. Second, for a seeded cooling crystallization of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) in a supersaturated aqueous solution, it is shown that both size and concentration of the growing crystals can be estimated simultaneously from measured acoustic attenuation spectra. The results are discussed in view of the potential application of this technique to real-time and in-situ monitoring and control of industrial processes.
THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF QUININE<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF QUININE1R. B. Woodward and W. E. DoeringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 5, 849Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01233a516https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01233a516research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4074Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of Resistive Vee Antennas for a Multi-Static Ground-Penetrating Radar (2005)

A resistive vee antenna (RVA) is a vee shape configuration of resistively loaded arms. A refined version of the RVA has been designed and implemented for use as an antenna in GPR systems, and its performance has been demonstrated in previous work (Kangwook Kim and Scott, W.R., Jr, 2004; Scott et al., 2004). We further improve the implementation of the RVA and demonstrate its use as an antenna in a multi-static GPR system, which is developed to study potential multi-static inversion algorithms.
Allelic Exclusion at the TCRδ Locus and Commitment to γδ Lineage: Different Modalities Apply to Distinct Human γδ Subsets (2004)

Expression of a beta-chain, as a pre-TCR, in T cell precursors prevents further rearrangements on the alternate beta allele through a strict allelic exclusion process and enables precursors to undergo differentiation. However, whether allelic exclusion applies to the TCR delta locus is unknown and the role of the gamma delta TCR in gamma delta lineage commitment is still unclear. Through the analysis of the rearrangement status of the TCR gamma, delta, and beta loci in human gamma delta T cell clones, expressing either the TCR V delta 1 or V delta 2 variable regions, we show that the rate of partial rearrangements at the delta locus is consistent with an allelic exclusion process. The overrepresentation of clones with two functional TCR gamma chains indicates that a gamma delta TCR selection process is required for the commitment of T cell precursors to the gamma delta lineage. Finally, while complete TCR beta rearrangements were observed in several V delta 2 T cell clones, these were seldom found in V delta 1 cells. This suggests a competitive alpha beta/gamma delta lineage commitment in the former subset and a precommitment to the gamma delta lineage in the latter. We propose that these distinct behaviors are related to the developmental stage at which rearrangements occur, as suggested by the patterns of accessibility to recombination sites that characterize the V delta 1 and V delta 2 subsets.
Limitations of concurrency in transaction processing (1985)

Given the pairwise probability of conflict p among transactions in a transaction processing system, together with the total number of concurrent transactions n, the effective level of concurrency E(n,p) is defined as the expected number of the n transactions that can run concurrently and actually do useful work. Using a random graph model of concurrency, we show for three general classes of concurrency control methods, examples of which are (1) standard locking, (2) strict priority scheduling, and (3) optimistic methods, that (1) E(n, p) ⩽ n(1 - p/2) n-1 , (2) E(n, p) ⩽ (1 - (1 - p) n )/p, and (3) 1 + ((1 - p)/p)ln(p(n - 1) + 1) ⩽ E(n, p) ⩽ 1 + (1/p)ln(p(n - 1) + 1). Thus, for fixed p, as n ↣ ∞), (1) E ↣ 0 for standard locking methods, (2) E ⩽ 1/p for strict priority scheduling methods, and (3) E ↣ ∞ for optimistic methods. Also found are bounds on E in the case where conflicts are analyzed so as to maximize E. The predictions of the random graph model are confirmed by simulations of an abstract transaction processing system. In practice, though, there is a price to pay for the increased effective level of concurrency of methods (2) and (3): using these methods there is more wasted work (i.e., more steps executed by transactions that are later aborted). In response to this problem, three new concurrency control methods suggested by the random graph model analysis are developed. Two of these, called (a) running priority and (b) older or running priority, are shown by the simulation results to perform better than the previously known methods (l)-(3) for relatively large n or large p, in terms of achieving a high effective level of concurrency at a comparatively small cost in wasted work.
Oxidation and Protection of Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides (2003)

Introduction Fundamentals of Oxidation of Metals Thermodynamics of Oxidation Oxidation Kinetics Disorder Features in Oxides Kinetics Oxidation of Alloys Selective Oxidation Internal Oxidation Oxidation Behavior of Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides Oxide Scale Formation Ti-Al-O Phase Diagram Oxide Scale Growth Effect of Alloying Elements Effect of Atmosphere Dissolution of Non-metals in the Subsurface Zone of Alloys Effect of Non-metal Dissolution on the Mechanical Properties Measures to Improve Oxidation Resistance Alloying Elements Pre-oxidation Coatings Summary and Outlook Referenced Literature and Further Reading
Molecular and Supramolecular Parameters Dictating the Thermoelectric Performance of Conducting Polymers: A Case Study Using Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (2015)

In this study, we investigated the impact of molecular and supramolecular structure of conducting polymers (CPs) on their thermoelectric properties. As a model system, poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) with different side-chain lengths were prepared through oxidative chemical polymerization and were recrystallized to a well-ordered lamellar structure, resulting in one-dimensional self-assembled nanofibers (evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV–vis spectroscopic measurements). Thermoelectric characterization was performed at different doping levels (precisely tuned by doping in the redox reaction with Ag+ and Fe3+ cations), and the highly doped samples exhibited the best performance for all studied polymers. By varying the length of the alkyl side chain, the supramolecular structure and consequently the electronic properties were varied. The highest electrical conductivity was measured for poly(3-butylthiophene), rooted in its densely packed structure. The established structure–property relationships, concerning the monotonous decrease of the electrical conductivity with the alkyl side chain length, highlight the importance of the supramolecular structure (interchain distance in this case). These findings may contribute to the rational design of organic thermoelectric materials.
Designing Multi-Target Drugs (2012)

Multi-target drug discovery (MTDD) is an emerging area of increasing interest to the drug discovery community. Drugs that modulate several targets have the potential for an improved balance of efficacy and safety compared to single targets agents. Although there are a number of marketed drugs that are thought to derive their therapeutic benefit by virtue of interacting with multiple targets, the majority of these were discovered accidentally. Written by world renowned experts, this is the first book to gather together knowledge and experiences of the rational discovery of multi-target drugs. It describes the current state of the art, the achievements and the challenges of the field and importantly the lessons learned by researchers to date and their application to future MTDD.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Isoforms of COP I Subunits (2000)

COP I-coated vesicles are involved in vesicular trafficking in the early secretory pathway. The COP I coat is composed of seven subunits, alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon-, and zeta-COPs. Evidence suggests, however, that there may be isoforms of the COP I subunits. In the present study, we identified homologs of gamma-COP (gamma2-COP; original gamma-COP is referred to as gamma1-COP in this paper) and of zeta-COP (zeta2-COP; original zeta-COP is referred to as zeta1-COP). gamma1- and gamma2-COPs, and zeta1- and zeta2-COPs share 80 and 75%, respectively, of amino acids. mRNAs for gamma2-COP and zeta2-COP are expressed ubiquitously, suggesting their fundamental role in cellular function. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that gamma2-COP and zeta2-COP are colocalized with beta-COP in the paranuclear cis-Golgi region. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicates that gamma1- and gamma2-COPs can directly, albeit promiscuously, interact with zeta1- and zeta2-COPs. Like gamma1-COP, gamma2-COP can form a complex with beta-COP in vivo. The gamma1-COP-containing and gamma2-COP-containing complexes can similarly interact with the cytoplasmic domain of p23. These results indicate that gamma2-COP and zeta2-COP can form a COP I-like complex in place of gamma1-COP and zeta1-COP, respectively, and suggest that the COP I complex and the COP I-like complex are functionally redundant.
Autonomous Intersection Management (2009)

Abstract : Artificial intelligence research is ushering in an era of sophisticated, mass-markettransportation technology. While computers can fly a passenger jet better than ahuman pilot, people still face the dangerous yet tedious task of driving. IntelligentTransportation Systems (ITS) is the field focused on integrating informationtechnology with vehicles and transportation infrastructure. Recent advances in ITSpoint to a future in which vehicles handle the vast majority of the driving task. Onceautonomous vehicles become popular, interactions amongst multiple vehicles will bepossible. Current methods of vehicle coordination will be outdated. The bottleneckfor efficiency will no longer be drivers, but the mechanism by which those driversactions are coordinated.Current methods for controlling traffic cannot exploit the superior capabilities of autonomous vehicles. This thesis describes a novel approach to managing autonomousvehicles at intersections that decreases the amount of time vehicles spendwaiting. Drivers and intersections in this mechanism are treated as autonomousagents in a multiagent system. In this system, agents use a new approach builtaround a detailed communication protocol, which is also a contribution of the thesis.In simulation, I demonstrate that this mechanism can significantly outperformcurrent intersection control technologytraffic signals and stop signs.This thesis makes several contributions beyond the mechanism and protocol.First, it contains a distributed, peer-to-peer version of the protocol for low-trafficintersections. Without any requirement of specialized infrastructure at the intersection,such a system would be inexpensive and easy to deploy at intersections whichdo not currently require a traffic signal. Second, it presents an analysis of the mechanismssafety, including ways to mitigate some failure modes.
Towards software-defined VANET: Architecture and services (2014)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have in recent years been viewed as one of the enabling technologies to provide a wide variety of services, such as vehicle road safety, enhanced traffic and travel efficiency, and convenience and comfort for passengers and drivers. However, current VANET architectures lack in flexibility and make the deployment of services/protocols in large-scale a hard task. In this paper, we demonstrate how Software-Defined Networking (SDN), an emerging network paradigm, can be used to provide the flexibility and programmability to networks and introduces new services and features to today's VANETs. We take the concept of SDN, which has mainly been designed for wired infrastructures, especially in the data center space, and propose SDN-based VANET architecture and its operational mode to adapt SDN to VANET environments. We also discuss benefits of a Software-Defined VANET and the services that can be provided. We demonstrate in simulation the feasibility of a Software-Defined VANET by comparing SDN-based routing with traditional MANET/VANET routing protocols. We also show in simulation fallback mechanisms that must be provided to apply the SDN concept into mobile wireless scenarios, and demonstrate one of the possible services that can be provided by a Software-Defined VANET.
Behavior Problems in Assisted Living Facilities (2003)

Assisted living facilities (ALFs) are caring for increasing numbers of residents with cognitive impairment and physical disorders, yet little is known about behavior problems in these facilities. In the present study, surveys were mailed to all ALFs (N = 2,221) in Florida, asking administrators or key staff to identify categories, frequency, and severity of behavior problems observed in their residents. Respondents (n = 612) identified resistance to staff assistance, wandering, verbal aggression, and psychiatric/emotional problems as the most frequent problems, and physical aggression was rated as the most difficult. Facility capacity was inversely related to the proportion of residents with behavior problems—that is, smaller ALFs had a higher proportion of residents exhibiting behavior problems. Results suggest that behavior problems in ALFs are similar to those in nursing homes but not as frequent. This is likely because of restrictions in ALF admission criteria and policies prohibiting the use of restraints thereby resulting in fewer residents with cognitive impairment.
Features identification and tracking for an autonomous ground vehicle (2013)

This thesis attempts to develop features identification and tracking system for an autonomous ground vehicle by focusing on four fundamental tasks: Motion detection, object tracking, scene recognition, and object detection and recognition. For motion detection, we combined the background subtraction method using the mixture of Gaussian models and the optical flow to highlight any moving objects or new entering objects which stayed still. To increase robustness for object tracking result, we used the Kalman filter to combine the tracking method based on the color histogram and the method based on invariant features. For scene recognition, we applied the algorithm Census Transform Histogram (CENTRIST), which is based on Census Transform images of the training data and the Support Vector Machine classifier, to recognize a total of 8 scene categories. Because detecting the horizon is also an important task for many navigation applications, we also performed horizon detection in this thesis. Finally, the deformable parts-based models algorithm was implemented to detect some common objects, such as humans and vehicles. Furthermore, objects were only detected in the area under the horizon to reduce the detecting time and false matching rate.