gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Optimization of Word Alignment and Epenthesis Generation for Chinese to Taiwanese Sign Synthesis (2006)

This work proposes a novel approach to translate Chinese to Taiwanese sign language and to synthesize sign videos. An aligned bilingual corpus of Chinese and Taiwanese Sign Language (TSL) with linguistic and signing information is also presented for sign language translation. A two-pass alignment in syntax level and phrase level is developed to obtain the optimal alignment between Chinese sentences and Taiwanese sign sequences. For sign video synthesis, a scoring function is presented to develop motion transition-balanced sign videos with rich combinations of intersign transitions. Finally, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is employed for sign video synthesis based on joint optimization of two-pass word alignment and intersign epenthesis generation. Several experiments are conducted in an educational environment to evaluate the performance on the comprehension of sign expression. The proposed approach outperforms the IBM Model 2 in sign language translation. Moreover, deaf students perceived sign videos generated by the proposed method to be satisfactory.
Formal Techniques for Protocol Specification and Verification (1979)

Certain formal approaches, such as transition techniques and reachability analysis, show promising results when applied to protocol specification and verification.
The Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 cytoplasmic carboxy terminus is essential for B-lymphocyte transformation; fibroblast cocultivation complements a critical function within the terminal 155 residues (1995)

Recombinant Epstein-Barr viruses (EBVs) were made with mutated latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) genes that express only the LMP1 amino-terminal cytoplasmic and six transmembrane domains (MS187) or these domains and the first 44 amino acids of the 200-residue LMP1 carboxy-terminal domain (MS231). After infection of primary B lymphocytes with virus stocks having small numbers of recombinant virus and large numbers of P3HR-1 EBV which is transformation defective but wild type (WT) for LMP1, all lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) that had MS187 or MS231 LMP1 also had WT LMP1 provided by the coinfecting P3HR-1 EBV. Lytic virus infection was induced in these coinfected LCLs, and primary B lymphocytes were infected. In over 200 second-generation LCLs, MS187 LMP1 was never present without WT LMP1. Screening of over 600 LCLs infected with virus from MS231 recombinant virus-infected LCLs identified two LCLs which were infected with an MS231 recombinant without WT LMP1. The MS231 recombinant virus could growth transform primary B lymphocytes when cells were grown on fibroblast feeders. Even after 6 months on fibroblast feeder layers, cells transformed by the MS231 recombinant virus died when transferred to medium without fibroblast feeder cells. These data indicate that the LMP1 carboxy terminus is essential for WT growth-transforming activity. The first 44 amino acids of the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain probably include an essential effector of cell growth transformation, while a deletion of the rest of LMP1 can be complemented by growth on fibroblast feeder layers. LMP1 residues 232 to 386 therefore provide a growth factor-like effect for the transformation of B lymphocytes. This effect may be indicative of the broader role of LMP1 in cell growth transformation.
11.2: Scanning Backlight for Mobile Displays (2007)

Abstract The first realization of a scanning backlight for mobile displays is reported. This employs seven individually lit segments to reduce motion blur caused by the sample and hold effect. Optimal driving conditions result in a major improvement of motion portrayal on mobile liquid crystal displays.
THE EFFECT OF ANTITRANSPIRANT ON GROWTH AND WATER UPTAKE OF SWEET PEPPER PLANTS: EXPERIMENTS AND EMPIRICAL MODELLING (2006)

ISHS III International Symposium on Models for Plant Growth, Environmental Control and Farm Management in Protected Cultivation (HortiModel 2006) THE EFFECT OF ANTITRANSPIRANT ON GROWTH AND WATER UPTAKE OF SWEET PEPPER PLANTS: EXPERIMENTS AND EMPIRICAL MODELLING
Activity and evaluation of additives to improve the scratch‐resistance of coating surfaces (1993)

Paint‐films are very susceptible towards contact with hard object, i.e. they are subject to marring and scratching.
Synthesis of SrCeO3, BaCeO3, SrZrO3 and BaZrO3 and their Reaction with CO2 (1993)

in which A = Sr or Ba, were investigated. The methods which have been used are: thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, simultaneous thermogravimetry - differential thermal analysis, and high temperature X-ray diffraction.
SPIN HALL EFFECT (2009)

A review of the phenomenology of the Spin Hall Effect and related phenomena originating from the coupling between spin and charge currents by spin-orbit interaction is presented. The physical origin of various effects in spin-dependent scattering is demonstrated. A previously unknown feature of spin transport, the swapping of spin currents, is discussed.
Overexpression in bacterial and identification in infected cells of the pseudorabies virus protein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP18.5 (1991)

The ICP18.5 gene (UL28) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is a member of a well-conserved gene family among herpesviruses and is thought to play a role in localization of viral glycoproteins. We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the entire pseudorabies virus (PRV) ICP18.5 open reading frame in Escherichia coli as a Cro-ICP18.5 fusion protein. Rabbit antiserum against Cro-ICP18.5 immunoprecipitated a 79-kDa protein from PRV-infected cells as well as a 79-kDa protein from in vitro translation of a T7 RNA polymerase transcript of the ICP18.5 gene. ICP18.5 could be detected in infected cells by 2 h postinfection. Analysis by indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that ICP18.5 became associated with the nucleus. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that ICP18.5 synthesized during a pulse-chase experiment appeared in the nuclear fraction with time and was stable for at least 2.5 h after synthesis. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that ICP18.5 was synthesized as a monomer during a 2-min pulse labeling but formed faster sedimenting complexes which were sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. The majority of ICP18.5 appeared in complexes with an antigenically unrelated 70-kDa protein. Immunoblot analysis of total infected-cell extracts using polyvalent anti-ICP18.5 serum demonstrated that a 74-kDa cellular protein in addition to the 79-kDa ICP18.5 was detected. This cellular protein was present at similar levels in uninfected cells and in PRV-infected cells at least 12 h into the infectious cycle.
Role of remanent domain structure and cubic anisotropy in the reorientation phase transition of ultrathin Ag/Fe/Ag(001) epitaxial films (1997)

We have performed a detailed ex situ magneto-optical investigation into the magnetic properties of wedged ultrathin epitaxial Ag/Fe/Ag(001) films as a function of both temperature and Fe thickness. The Fe thickness dependent reorientation phase transition (RPT) of the magnetic easy direction from out-of-plane to in-plane has been studied at various temperatures in the range 2--180 K. By using the polar Kerr effect and the Cotton-Mouton effect in reflection we were able to probe simultaneously the out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization components. We report the thermally activated formation of an out-of-plane domain structure at remanence:mat low temperatures the structure can only nucleate for small perpendicular anisotropy, i.e., close to the RPT Fe thickness; at higher temperatures nucleation is possible for Fe thicknesses well below the RPT thickness. We also report that the bulk cubic anisotropy term, ${\mathrm{K}}_{1}$, changes sign in the vicinity of the RPT Fe thickness. Consequently, we are able to delineate an Fe thickness-temperature phase diagram which identifies at least one point in (Fe thickness, temperature) space where the RPT coincides with vanishing ${\mathrm{K}}_{1}$. The identification of such a point is a necessary step towards the realization of a two-dimensional Heisenberg magnet.
Impact of the use of different skinfold calipers for the analysis of the body composition (2003)

With the advances in the studies of body composition, it has been observed that several factors can interfere with the estimates of relative body fat using the skinfold thicknesses method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the use of different skinfold calipers for the analysis of body composition by skinfold thicknesses measurements. Two hundred and fifty nine male subjects (23.3 ± 2.9 years) took part of the study. Nine skinfold thicknesses were measured (abdominal, subscapular, suprailiac, triceps, biceps, midaxillary, chest, medial calf, and thigh) using the Lange (USA) and the Cescorf (Brazil) calipers with accuracy of 1.0 and 0.1 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found in the comparison between the two calipers on all the investigated skinfold thicknesses (1.8 to 31.0%) with highest values obtained by the Lange caliper (p < 0.01). When these values were applied to four different predictive equations, developed by different researchers, the body fat estimate was significantly modified (p < 0.01), resulting in differences of 5.2 to 6.9%. Results indicate that the use of different skinfold calipers may maximize the errors of estimation produced by different predictive equations used for the analysis of body composition.
Per-Layer Optimization in Multiuser MIMO Systems with Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (2007)

In this letter, we investigate the application of Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) in the downlink of multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where multiple antennas are located at all the transceivers. Based on the criterion of maximum system sumcapacity, a per-layer optimization scheme is proposed, in which the subchannel ordering and transceiver filters design are generated. In the proposed scheme, the successive character of THP can be fully exploited, so that both the minimum cost of interference suppression and the maximum power and diversity gains can be implemented, and hence, the system sumcapacity can be improved effectively.
PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATION IN ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF ROLLING BEARING (2007)

Morlet 小浪是合适的提取机械差错信号的推动部件。并且因此，它的连续小浪变换(享特威) 成功地在差错诊断的地里被使用了。在享特威的规模选择的原则被讨论。基于基因算法，为母亲小浪的波形参数的优化策略作为优化目标与小浪熵被建议。基于优化波形参数，小浪由易到难的试题程序被用来分析信号和真实 AE 滚动适用表明的模仿的声学的排放(AE ) 。结果显示建议方法有用、有效改进享特威的质量。
Homonoia: When your Car Reads your Mind (2017)

This paper aims to shed light on the possibility of applying brain waves as a mean to understand the driver's mood while on his/her everyday commutes. While there are several studies that document the relationship between brain waves and mood, none have progressed to apply it on vehicles. We experimented the use of EEG sensors to detect brain waves and recorded several correlations that could prove to be useful. After understanding the driver's mood only through a passive approach, the car could suggest ways in which it could improve or compliment the driver's mood. This could also open up a whole level of danger diversion features in cars, if both the car and the EEG sensor are integrated well enough.
Experimental Extracorporeal Photopheresis Inhibits the Sensitization and Effector Phases of Contact Hypersensitivity via Two Mechanisms: Generation of IL-10 and Induction of Regulatory T Cells (2008)

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is used to treat immune-mediated diseases including transplant rejection and graft-vs-host-disease. An experimental murine model of ECP utilizing contact hypersensitivity (CHS) revealed that ECP inhibits the sensitization of CHS and induces regulatory T cells (Treg). In this study, we find that ECP inhibits not only the sensitization but also the effector phase of CHS, although Treg only inhibited sensitization. IL-10 was determined to be a critical component of the effector phase inhibition and also a driving force in developing Treg. Thus, we propose that the inhibition of the effector phase of CHS by ECP is a process that does not require Treg but may be mediated via enhanced IL-10 as suggested by the use of IL-10-deficient mice. This suggests that ECP has at least two mechanisms of action, one inhibiting the effector phase of CHS and one generating Treg, which in turn can inhibit CHS sensitization and is responsible for the transferable protection. Together, this may help explain the clinical benefits of ECP in prophylactic, acute, and therapeutic settings.
A Brief History of Endoscopy, Laparoscopy, and Laparoscopic Surgery (1997)

The ideas that form the framework for laparoscopic surgery were initially reported over a century ago. However, the introduction of the technique into the field of general surgery has been a relatively recent development. Laparoscopic surgery owes much of its history to the development of endoscopie technique. Early physicians such as the Arabian, Albukasim (936–1013 A.D.), and later in 1805, the Frankfurt-born physician, Phillip Bozzini, were among the first to develop methods to examine body orifices. Throughout the mid 1800's, several scientists attempted to construct endoscope-like instruments. The first effective opentube endoscope was developed in 1853 by Desormeaux. This instrument was used to examine the urethra and the bladder. In the late 1800's, other physicians including Kussmaul and Nitze refined the original endoscopie models and began utilizing their new tools in their medical practice. Laparoscopy or endoscopically examinining the peritoneal cavity was first attempted in 1901 by George Kelling who called this examining procedure "Celioscopy". In the early 1930's, the first reports of laparoscopic interventions for nondiagnostic purposes were published. Initial procedures included lysis of abdominal adhesions and diagnostic biopsies of abdominal organs under direct visualization. Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, laparoscopy became a vital part of gynecological practice. Despite these technological advances, it was not until after 1986, following the development of a video computer chip that allowed the magnification and projection of images onto television screens, that the techniques of laparoscopic surgery truly became integrated into the discipline of general surgery. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed on a human patient was done in 1987 by the French physician Mouret. The rapid acceptance of the technique of laparoscopic surgery by the general population is unparalleled in surgical history. It has changed the field of general surgery more drastically and more rapidly than any other surgical milestone. This paper examines the history behind this exciting surgical technique.
Purification and Characterization of Intracellular α-Glucuronidase from<i>Aspergillus niger</i>5–16 (1992)

Two kinds of α-glucuronidases, CM-I and CM-II, were purified from a cell-free extract of Aspergillus niger 5–16. Molecular weights of both CM-I and CM-II were 130,000 by SOS–PAGE, and 150,000 by gel filtration. The optimum temperature and pH for both enzyme reactions were 60°C and 4.8. Both en-zymes were stable up to 50°C, and between pHs 4.5 to 7.0 for 1 hr. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, sodium dodecyl sulfate, monoiodoacetic acid, and N-bromosuccinimide. The Km of CM-I toward glucuronosyl-xylotriose and 4-O-methyl-glucuronosyl-xylotriose were 0.77 and 0.37, and those of CM-II were 0.82 and 0.47 mM, respectively. The Vmax of CM-I toward glucuronosyl-xylotriose and 4-0-methyl-glucuronosyl-xylotriose were 5.20 and 1.42, and those of CM-II were 17.1 and 4.68μmol of glucuronic acid formed/min/mg of protein, respectively.
Comparative Development and Merozoite Production of Two Isolates of Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula in Cultured Cells (2000)

C. A. Speer, J. P. Dubey, D. E. Mattson, Comparative Development and Merozoite Production of Two Isolates of Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula in Cultured Cells, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 86, No. 1 (Feb., 2000), pp. 25-32
Reducing Water Loss in Developing Countries Using Performance-Based Service Contracting (2008)

A major challenge facing water utilities in the developing world is reducing water loss caused by leakage, theft, and improper billing. The difference between the amount of water put into the distribution system and that billed to consumers is known as Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The worldwide cost of NRW is conservatively estimated at $15 billion/year. More than a third of losses occur in the developing world, where some 45 million
Learning performance of frequency-modulation digital neural network with on-chip learning (2002)

New digital architecture of the frequency-based multilayer neural network (MNN) with on-chip learning is proposed. As the signal level is expressed by the frequency, synaptic multiplier is replaced by a simple frequency converter. Furthermore, the neuron unit using a voting circuit as the nonlinear adder gives better a nonlinear activating function. The backpropagation algorithm is modified for on-chip learning. The proposed MNN architecture was implemented on field programmable gate arrays and various experiments were conducted to test the performance of the system. The experimental results show that the proposed neuron has a very good nonlinear function owing to the voting circuit. The learning behavior of the proposed MNN was also tested by experiments, which show that the proposed MNN has good learning performance and generalization capabilities.
Phase II trial of recombinant beta interferon in advanced colorectal cancer. (1987)

Betaseron is a genetically altered recombinant beta interferon with in vitro properties equivalent to those of native beta interferon. Nineteen patients with measurable advanced colorectal carcinoma who had no previous chemotherapy were given 30 X 10(6) IU Betaseron by iv push on Days 1-5 and 8-12 of each 28-day cycle. One of 17 evaluable patients had a complete response after nine courses of treatment which has been sustained greater than 9 months. The overall response rate was 6% (95% confidence limits, 0%-18%). Treatment was well tolerated with toxic effects consisting of fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea and vomiting, and transient mild granulocytopenia and liver function abnormalities. All toxic effects were World Health Organization (WHO) grade less than or equal to 2. No interferon neutralizing antibody activity was detected. Phase I and preclinical data support further investigation of Betaseron with dose escalation to tolerance for individual patients, as well as investigation of concomitant therapy with 5-fluorouracil, in an attempt to improve the observed response rate in colorectal cancer.
The President'S Letter … (1957)

The President'S Letter … Get access Charles B. Wade, Jr. Charles B. Wade, Jr. 1personnel manager of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 7, Issue 1, March 1957, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1957.tb00247.x Published: 07 February 2006
NAD‐Linked <scp>l</scp>(+)‐Lactate Dehydrogenase from the Strict Aerobe <i>Alcaligenes eutrophus</i> (1983)

The L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) of Alcaligenes eutrophus catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of pyruvate and a few other 2-oxoacids. The Km values for NADH, NAD, pyruvate and L(+)-lactate are 0.075 mM, 0.130 mM, 0.820 mM and 7.10 mM, respectively. The reaction follows a rapid equilibrium ordered bi-bi mechanism and involves the formation of a dead-end EBQ complex. The competitive inhibition of pyruvate reduction caused by NAD (with respect to NADH) is regarded to be of physiological importance. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by oxaloacetate, oxalate and to a less extent by oxamate. Oxaloacetate was found to be the most powerful inhibitor of the enzyme and exerts an almost complete inhibition of the reduction of pyruvate and some 2-oxoacids at concentrations of 1 microM and less. At 0.1 microM oxaloacetate the inhibition of pyruvate reduction is about 90%. The kinetics of pyruvate reduction in the presence of oxaloacetate is characterized by a burst phase followed by a decreased steady-state velocity. During the burst phase, which lasts from several seconds to some minutes, the enzyme undergoes transition to a less active enzyme form. The inhibition studies revealed the lactate dehydrogenase to be a hysteretic enzyme, due to its slow response to the ligand. The characteristics of the transient were examined. The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase from A. eutrophus by oxaloacetate is considered to be of great physiological importance, allowing its function only at a low oxaloacetate concentration and consequently at high NADH/NAD ratios.
On scale independence for querying big data (2014)

To make query answering feasible in big datasets, practitioners have been looking into the notion of scale independence of queries. Intuitively, such queries require only a relatively small subset of the data, whose size is determined by the query and access methods rather than the size of the dataset itself. This paper aims to formalize this notion and study its properties. We start by defining what it means to be scale-independent, and provide matching upper and lower bounds for checking scale independence, for queries in various languages, and for combined and data complexity. Since the complexity turns out to be rather high, and since scale-independent queries cannot be captured syntactically, we develop sufficient conditions for scale independence. We formulate them based on access schemas, which combine indexing and constraints together with bounds on the sizes of retrieved data sets. We then study two variations of scale-independent query answering, inspired by existing practical systems. One concerns incremental query answering: we check when query answers can be maintained in response to updates scale-independently. The other explores scale-independent query rewriting using views.
Materials growth for InAs high electron mobility transistors and circuits (2004)

High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with InAs channels and antimonide barriers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Both Si and Te were successfully employed as n-type dopants. Sheet resistances of 90–150 Ω/□ were routinely achieved on a variety of heterostructures with nonuniformities as low as 1.5% across a 75 mm wafer. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the InAs channels are in tension, coherently strained to the Al(Ga)Sb buffer layers. Atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that the surfaces are relatively smooth, with rms roughness of 8–26 Å over a 5×5 μm2 area. These results demonstrate that the growth of InAs HEMTs has progressed to the point that the fabrication of circuits should be feasible.
Development of NPP Advanced Main Control Room (2000)

This paper briefly describes the overview of advanced main control rooms of the nuclear power plant (mostly for PWR) in the world, such as N 4, system 80 +, APWR and ABWR. Then analyzes the design research of advanced Main Control Room to be incorporated in the new generation of Chinese nuclear power plant with computerized reactor protection system, control system, CRT display and operation.
Microcin 15m from Escherichia coli: mechanism of antibiotic action (1982)

It has been previously established that a high proportion of enterobacteria isolated from the intestinal content of humans, mostly Escherichia coli strains, secrete into the culture media antibiotic substances of low molecular weight, which have been called microcins. It was also found that the synthesis of these antibiotics is determined by plasmids. In this paper, a method for the purification of microcin 15m is described, and experimental data are given on the mechanism of its action. The data indicate that this action is based mainly on the inhibition of the first enzyme of the methionine biosynthetic pathway, homoserine-O-transsuccinylase, a similar way to the allosteric inhibition caused by this amino acid.