gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of VEB-1, a Novel Class A Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoded by an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Integron Gene (1999)

A clinical isolate, Escherichia coli MG-1, isolated from a 4-month-old Vietnamese orphan child, produced a beta-lactamase conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In a disk diffusion test, a typical synergistic effect between ceftazidime or aztreonam and clavulanic acid was observed along with an unusual synergy between cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The gene for VEB-1 (Vietnamese extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned and expressed in E. coli JM109. The recombinant plasmid pRLT1 produced a beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.35 and conferred high-level resistance to extended-spectrum (or oxyimino) cephalosporins and to aztreonam. Vmax values for extended-spectrum cephalosporins were uncommonly high, while the affinity of the enzyme for ceftazidime and aztreonam was relatively low. blaVEB-1 showed significant homology at the DNA level with only blaPER-1 and blaPER-2. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence showed that VEB-1 is a class A penicillinase having very low levels of homology with any other known beta-lactamases. The highest percentage of amino acid identity was 38% with PER-1 or PER-2, two uncommon class A extended-spectrum enzymes. Exploration of the genetic environment of blaVEB-1 revealed the presence of gene cassette features, i.e., (i) a 59-base element associated with blaVEB-1; (ii) a second 59-base element just upstream of blaVEB-1, likely belonging to the aacA1-orfG gene cassette; (iii) two core sites (GTTRRRY) on both sides of blaVEB-1; and (iv) a second antibiotic resistance gene 3' of blaVEB-1, aadB. blaVEB-1 may therefore be the first class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that is part of a gene cassette, which itself is likely to be located on a class 1 integron, as sulfamide resistance may indicate. Furthermore, blaVEB-1 is encoded on a large (> 100-kb) transferable plasmid found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae MG-2 isolated at the same time from the same patient, indicating a horizontal gene transfer.
The Pultrusion Process for Continuous Automated Manufacture of Engineered Composite Profiles (1997)

Pultrusion has become a process of considerable importance among the reinforced plastics processing options. The characteristics of the process that have allowed successful applications in every market segment are the tremendous versatility of both the profile geometric and material composition designs and the processing enhancements available. In addition there are many finished product design features that are the exclusive domain of this process such as the production of multiple-cell hollows, unlimited length capability, and the highest aligned fiber volume achievable of any of the processing options. In the competition for applications, however, the bottom line is often cost effectiveness, and it is here that the pultrusion process's continuous manufacturing environment is unparalleled. Yet the pultrusion process has limitations as well that must be recognized to avoid misapplications. The objective of this chapter is to provide engineers, designers, and end users with the background necessary for consideration of pultrusion as a low-cost method of product manufacture to satisfy composite engineering objectives.
Compact planar microstripline branch-line and rat-race couplers (2003)

Both branch-line and rat-race couplers are easily realized using planar circuit technology as they employ only transmission lines without additional components. However, as the electrical lengths of the transmission line elements are either 90/spl deg/ or 270/spl deg/, such couplers consume a significant amount of circuit area. This paper shows the development of branch-line and rat-race couplers that use artificial transmission lines (ATLs) in place of conventional transmission lines resulting in significant size reduction. As the ATLs are constructed entirely from microstriplines, the couplers are easily fabricated using conventional printed-circuit processes. The design formulas developed for the ATLs are explicit. Full-wave simulation and experimental results were used to confirm the design approach for hybrids operating at 1.8 GHz. The frequency response of the proposed hybrids is similar to conventional hybrids.
Operation of digital optical transmission systemwith minimal degradation due topolarisation mode dispersion (1995)

The probabilty of BER degradation above 10-9 is evaluated theoretically as the quality parameter for examining the robustness of an optical transmission system incorporating an EDFA to fibre polarisation mode distortion (PMD). Provided that there is an existing power margin, a significantly reduced sensitivity to PMD is achieved by detuning the decision level of the optical receiver from the optimum for zero PMD.
Phytochemicals in Teas and Rosemary and Their Cancer-Preventive Properties (1994)

Our laboratories, among many others, have been long interested in the isolation and identification of food phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The extensive work in extraction, isolation, analysis, and identification resulted in detection of several phytochemicals from leaves of teas and rosemary that have high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. Studies of the effects of a fraction of green tea polyphenols, an extract of leaves of rosemary and the pure phytochemicals on the carcinogenic process in short-term animal studies (biochemical markers) and long-term animal tumor studies indicate that they have potent inhibitory effects on biochemical marker changes associated with tumor initiation and promotion, and anticarcinogenic activity in several animal models. In this chapter, methods for the isolation and identification of phytochemicals in teas and rosemary and their inhibitory effects on carcinogenic processes are discussed and reviewed.
Synthesis and characterization of a monoruthenium(III)-substituted Dawson polyoxotungstate derived by Br2 oxidation of the 1∶2 complex of ruthenium(II) and [α2-P2W17O61]10−. The reactivity of cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] as a ruthenium source (2001)

Synthesis and characterization of the monoruthenium(III)-substituted Dawson polyoxotungstate K7[α2-P2W17O61RuIII(H2O)]·19H2O 2, expected to be an effective homogeneous oxidation catalyst precursor, is described. The reaction products of cis-[RuIICl2(DMSO)4] as the ruthenium source with mono-lacunary Dawson polyoxotungstate have been examined. By 5 h reaction of cis-[RuIICl2(DMSO)4] with K10[α2-P2W17O61] in ice-cooled, HCl-acidic aqueous solution, a water-soluble 1 ∶ 2-type diamagnetic ruthenium(II) complex, with formula K18[RuII(DMSO)2(P2W17O61)2]·35H2O 1, was unexpectedly obtained as an analytically pure, homogeneous tan-colored solid, in which two DMSO molecules are coordinated to the ruthenium(II) atom. By Br2 oxidation of 1, the 1 ∶ 1-type paramagnetic complex 2 was obtained as a black crystalline solid. Characterization of 1 and 2 has been carried out with complete elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA), FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption and 31P and 183W NMR spectroscopies, as well as 1H and 13C NMR for 1.
An adaptive annotation approach for biomedical entity and relation recognition (2016)

In this article, we demonstrate the impact of interactive machine learning: we develop biomedical entity recognition dataset using a human-into-the-loop approach. In contrary to classical machine learning, human-in-the-loop approaches do not operate on predefined training or test sets, but assume that human input regarding system improvement is supplied iteratively. Here, during annotation, a machine learning model is built on previous annotations and used to propose labels for subsequent annotation. To demonstrate that such interactive and iterative annotation speeds up the development of quality dataset annotation, we conduct three experiments. In the first experiment, we carry out an iterative annotation experimental simulation and show that only a handful of medical abstracts need to be annotated to produce suggestions that increase annotation speed. In the second experiment, clinical doctors have conducted a case study in annotating medical terms documents relevant for their research. The third experiment explores the annotation of semantic relations with relation instance learning across documents. The experiments validate our method qualitatively and quantitatively, and give rise to a more personalized, responsive information extraction technology.
Effect of Leucaena based hedge row intercropping on forage crops (2011)

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of Leucaena based hedge row intercropping on forage crops viz. Napier bajra hybrid (PBN-233, perennial), maize (J-1006) + cowpea (Cowpea-88) and Berseem (BL-10) + Rye grass (Rye grass No.1). The three varieties of Leucaena viz. K-8 (L. leucocephala), K-156 (L. diversifolia) and K-743A (L. leucocephala x L. diversifolia) were grown between the rows of forage crops. The results confirm that there was no effect of Leucaena varieties on the total production of forage crops as the effect of different sources were found nonsignificant for the yield of forage crops except for the Berseem + Rye grass combination. However, K-8 performed best giving 19.70 and 2.20 tonnes/ha of green and dry biomass yield respectively with Berseem + Rye grass combination. It also gave better results in comparison to control proving that such silvipastoral system is likely to improve the quality and quantity of forage/fodder crops and will simultaneously improve the social and economic status of the farmers also.
Theory of electrical breakdown in air-the role of metastable oxygen molecules (1992)

A theory is given of electrical breakdown in air for non-uniform electric fields. It is proposed that space-charge effects tend to make the electric field in the streamer column uniform at a value of E/N for which effective ionization and attachment rates are equal (E is the electric field and N the gas number density). It is also proposed that a1 Delta g metastable states of molecular oxygen, produced in the pre-breakdown corona and streamer processes, have a dominant role in determining E/N in the streamer channel, because of their ability to detach electrons from O2- ions and thus reduce the effective attachment coefficient. Assuming an effective value of alpha /N=10-22 cm2 ( alpha being the ionization coefficient) at E/N=20 Td, predictions of breakdown fields in dry air and humid air are in fair agreement with experimental results for rod-rod breakdown with electrode spacings of from 0.5 m to 2.5 m. The effect of the metastables is to reduce the breakdown field applicable to plane parallel electrodes by a factor of about 6. It is predicted that 1% water vapour in air increases breakdown fields by about 11%. A breakdown criterion is derived defining the critical E/N for breakdown in terms of electron transport coefficients and metastable rate constants.
The molecular skin pathology of familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (2010)

Familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (FPLCA) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with chronic itching and skin lichenification. In lesional skin, there are apoptotic basal keratinocytes and deposits of amyloid material on degenerate keratin filaments in the upper dermis. The genetic basis of FPLCA involves mutations in the OSMR and IL31RA genes but the disease pathophysiology is not fully understood. In this study, we identified new pathogenic heterozygous missense mutations in the OSMR gene (p.Val631Leu and p.Asp647Tyr) in two Dutch FPLCA families. We then compared gene expression profiles between FPLCA lesional skin (n = 4) and site-matched control skin (n = 6). There was twofold or greater upregulation of 34 genes and downregulation of 43 genes. Most changes in gene expression (verified by quantitative RT-PCR) reflected alterations in epidermal differentiation and proliferation consistent with lichenification, but we also noted a reduction in several interfollicular keratinocyte stem cell markers in FPLCA skin. Differences in gene expression were also noted for proteins involved in apoptosis and nerve conduction. Collectively, this study expands the molecular basis of FPLCA and provides new insight into the skin pathology of this condition.
iSCSI performance over RDMA-enabled network (2006)

Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Adenosine Inhibits Choline Kinase Activity and Decreases the Phosphorylation of Choline in Striatal Synaptosomes (1988)

The main objective of these studies was to determine whether adenosine inhibits choline kinase in rat striata, leading to a decreased incorporation of choline into phosphorylcholine, a mechanism that may mediate seizure-induced increases in the levels of free choline in brain. Incubation of particulate and soluble fractions of striatal synaptosomes with adenosine or its metabolically stable analogues significantly inhibited enzyme activity. The inhibition was noncompetitive versus choline and competitive versus MgATP. Inhibitor constants for adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, and 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine at the MgATP site were 94, 49, and 207 microM, respectively; these values were less than the Michaelis constant for MgATP (340 microM). To determine whether adenosine altered the phosphorylation of choline in an intact preparation, synaptosomes were incubated with [3H]choline in the presence or absence of adenosine or its analogues and the amount of [3H]-phosphorylcholine formed from the [3H]choline taken up was measured. All compounds tested significantly reduced the synthesis of [3H]phosphorylcholine. Results suggest that following seizures or hypoxia, when levels of adenosine increase and the concentration of ATP decreases, inhibition of choline phosphorylation may be manifest, resulting in increased levels of free choline in brain.
Hypoglycemic Effect of <i>Aloe vera</i> Gel on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Experimental Rats (2004)

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the presence of hypoglycemic activity in the alcoholic extract of Aloe vera gel. Effects of oral administration of A. vera extract at a concentration of 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight on (a) normal fasted rats, (b) oral glucose-loaded rats, and (c) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have been studied. A. vera extract maintain the glucose homeostasis by controlling the carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.
[Lung injury in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and measurement of immunoreactive neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-protease inhibitor in blood]. (1991)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to develop through slowly progressing lung injury, in which fibrosis occurs as a result of abnormal repair processes. Lung injury in emphysema, in which the normal extracellular matrix is destroyed, is considered to occur mainly because of protease-antiprotease imbalance. In order to examine whether the pathogenesis of IPF involves the proteolytic mechanism of enzymes as in emphysema, concentrations of plasma neutrophil elastase and serum alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in patients with IPF, and compared with the levels in patients with emphysema and in normal individuals. In some patients with IPF, the blood concentration of neutrophil elastase was much higher than normal and the degree of imbalance between neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-protease inhibitor was significantly great than in patients with emphysema. In these patients, many years had passed since the onset of the disease, the number of leukocytes and neutrophils and the concentration of LDH in peripheral blood were significantly higher than normal, and the concentration of CEA-II was slightly increased. These data suggest that chronic, massive lung injury had occurred. The blood concentration of neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-protease inhibitor ratio may be useful in assessing the degree of lung injury.
Enhancement of erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by light fractionation (2006)

Erythrosine-mediated PDT of S. mutans biofilms can be further enhanced by fractionation of the applied light dose.
Transforming growth factor- <i>beta</i> and IL-1 <i>beta</i> act in synergy to enhance IL-6 secretion by the intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6. (1993)

Intestinal epithelial cells are a potentially important source for a number of cytokines that may modulate the immune response at the intestinal mucosa. We have recently begun to study the mechanisms that regulate IL-6 production by intestinal epithelial cells using the nontransformed crypt-like rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 as a model. Culture of the IEC-6 cells with human rIL-1 beta resulted in an enhanced secretion of IL-6 by the cells. RT-PCR analysis of IL-1 beta-treated cells showed an enhanced level of IL-6 mRNA at 4 h, suggesting that IL-1 beta enhanced IL-6 gene expression. In a previous study, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) was also found to enhance IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 cells and because both IL-1 beta and TGF-beta may be present in inflamed mucosal tissue, the effect of adding both cytokines together was next investigated. Culture of the IEC-6 cells with both TGF-beta 1 and IL-1 beta resulted in a synergistic enhancement of IL-6 secretion that was seen even at high levels of both TGF-beta and IL-1 beta. IL-6 mRNA levels from cells treated with both TGF-beta 1 and IL-1 beta were also determined to be enhanced when compared to that of cells treated with IL-1 beta or TGF-beta 1 only, as determined by RT-PCR analysis. Pretreatment of the IEC-6 cells with TGF-beta 1 for 2 or 3 days before addition of the IL-1 beta induced the IEC-6 cells to differentiate and become more sensitive to stimulation by IL-1 beta. Subsequent experiments determined that TGF-beta enhanced the capacity of the IEC-6 cells to bind labeled IL-1 beta indicating that TGF-beta may have enhanced the expression of IL-1 receptors on the cells. These results suggest that the intestinal epithelial cell may represent an important source of IL-6 in inflammatory responses at the intestinal mucosa and that TGF-beta could potentiate this function.
RING HEAD RECORDING MECHANISMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OBLIQUELY ORIENTED MEDIA (1991)

Recording mechanisms and characteristics have been investigated by computer simulation on an obliquely oriented medium whose easy magnetization direction is in the neither perpendicular nor longitudinal direction. It has been shown that the magnetization direction in the inside of the medium is fixed by the leading head field but the magnetization transition is formed around the trailing edge. The demagnetizing field in the obliquely oriented medium is weak not only at a low density but also at a high density, because the anti-parallel magnetization mode is formed. Besides, the distribution of the oblique component of a ring head field is sharper than those of the longitudinal and perpendicular components. Therefore the much better recording performances are obtained comparison with longitudinal magnetic recording.
Test of the Equivalence Principle Using a Rotating Torsion Balance (2008)

We used a continuously rotating torsion balance instrument to measure the acceleration difference of beryllium and titanium test bodies towards sources at a variety of distances. Our result Deltaa(N),(Be-Ti)=(0.6+/-3.1)x10(-15) m/s2 improves limits on equivalence-principle violations with ranges from 1 m to infinity by an order of magnitude. The Eötvös parameter is eta(Earth,Be-Ti)=(0.3+/-1.8)x10(-13). By analyzing our data for accelerations towards the center of the Milky Way we find equal attractions of Be and Ti towards galactic dark matter, yielding eta(DM,Be-Ti)=(-4+/-7)x10(-5). Space-fixed differential accelerations in any direction are limited to less than 8.8x10(-15) m/s2 with 95% confidence.
Morphologic Change and Astrocyte Response to Unilateral Spinal Cord Compression in Rabbits (2004)

In myelopathy, unilateral compression of the spinal cord in cases of disc herniation would be expected to produce Brown-Séquard syndrome. However, a transverse lesion syndrome occurs in most clinical cases. In order to reveal the mechanism by which unilateral compression induces transverse damage to the spinal cord, damage of the gray and white matter in each half of the spinal cord were evaluated quantitatively to determine the density of GFAP-positive astrocytes. The cervical spinal cord in rabbits was unilaterally compressed with a small screw. The area of each half of the damaged cord and the density of GFAP-positive astrocytes of the compressed and contralateral halves were investigated one week after the surgery. No apparent paralysis was observed during the period of observation. As the compression increased, the area of the compressed half of the spinal cord decreased significantly compared to the contralateral half. The densities of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the gray matter and the anterior funiculus increased significantly in the compressed half. There were no significant differences in the densities at the lateral and dorsal funiculi between the compressed and contralateral halves. The tissue damage in the gray matter of the compressed half was markedly higher. No significant difference between the two halves in damage was seen in the lateral funiculus, where in the lateral pyramidal and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts are found. These findings provide evidence of the mechanistic basis for the spinal cord damage that leads to transverse lesion syndrome in unilateral compression myelopathy.
Morphological study of acoustic liposomes using transmission electron microscopy (2009)

Sonoporation is achieved by ultrasound-mediated destruction of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) microbubbles. For this, UCAs must be tissue specific and have good echogenicity and also function as drug carriers. Previous studies have developed acoustic liposomes (ALs), liposomes that encapsulate phosphate buffer solution and perfluoropropane (C(3)F(8)) gas and function as both UCAs and drug carriers. Few studies have examined the co-existence of gas and liquid in ALs. This study aims to elucidate AL structure using TEM. The size, zeta potential and structure of ALs were compared with those of two other UCAs, human albumin shell bubbles (ABs; Optison) and lipid bubbles (LBs). ABs and LBs encapsulate the C(3)F(8) gas. Particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering. The zeta potential was determined by the Smoluchowski equation. UCA structure was investigated by TEM. ALs were approximately 200 nm in size, smaller than LBs and ABs. ALs and LBs had almost neutral zeta potentials whereas AB values were strongly negative. The negative or double staining TEM images revealed that approximately 20% of ALs contained both liquid and gas, while approximately 80% contained liquid alone (i.e. nonacoustic). Negative staining AB images indicated electron beam scattering near the shell surface, and albumin was detected in filament form. These findings suggest that AL is capable of carrying drugs and high-molecular-weight, low-solubility gases.