gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Al-MCM-41@Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite and Its Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Dibenzothiophene (2018)

Mesoporous Al-MCM-41@Ag/TiO 2 nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by combining the sol-gel method and hydrothermal treatment, using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), AgNO 3 , and Vietnamese bentonite as precursors of Ti, Ag, and Si, respectively. The synthesized materials were well characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis/DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photodegradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under both UV and visible light irradiation. MCM-41@Ag/TiO 2 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of DBT reaching almost 100% conversions at 50°C after 2 h under UV and visible light irradiations. The significant enhanced degradation of DBT over Al-MCM-41@Ag/TiO 2 might be due to the synergy effects of high surface area of MCM-41, well-distributed TiO 2 anatase, and reduced electron-hole recombination rates due to the dispersion of Ag nanoparticles.
The Behaviour of Gallium During Jarosite Precipitation (2000)

The behaviour of gallium during the precipitation of jarosite-type compounds from Fe(SO4)1.5-M2SO4 solutions (where M is Na, K or NH4) was investigated. Gallium is readily precipitated in jarosite-type compounds and the extent of gallium precipitation increases as the Ga concentration of the solution increases. The Ga3+ ion replaces Fe3+ in the jarosite structure to form a nearly ideal solid solution series. The molar partitioning coefficient, (Ga/Ga+Fe)solid:(Ga/Ga+Fe)solution, is approximately one for the Na-, K- and NH4-jarosite species studied. Solution pH exerts a major influence on the amount of Ga-bearing jarosite formed, but has a lesser effect on the product composition. In particular, higher pH values slightly enhance the precipitation of Ga relative to Fe. Increasing ZnSO4 concentrations have a negligible effect on the amount of product formed or its Ga content. Longer retention times significantly increase the amount of precipitate formed, but have only a minor effect on the composition of the Ga-bearing sodium jarosite product. Increasing concentrations of Fe(SO4)1.5 in the presence of a constant Ga(SO4)1.5 concentration proportionally increase the amount of product and result in a consequential dilution of its Ga content. A comparison with previously published results for indium shows that both gallium and indium behave similarly during the precipitation of jarosite-type compounds.On a examiné le comportement du gallium lors de la précipitation de composés de type jarosite à partir de solutions de Fe(SO4)1.5-M2SO4 (où le M représente Na, K ou NH4). Le gallium est précipité facilement sous forme de composés de type jarosite. L'ampleur de la précipitation de gallium augmente avec l'augmentation de la concentration de Ga dans la solution. L'ion Ga3+ remplace le Fe3+ dans la structure de jarosite, formant une série de solutions solides presqu'idéales. Le coefficient de partition molaire, (Ga/Ga+Fe)solide:(Ga/Ga+Fe)solution, est approximativement un (1) pour les espèces étudiées de jarosite, -Na, -K et -NH4. Le pH de la solution exerce une influence majeure sur la quantité de jarosite porteuse de Ga formée, mais a un effet moindre sur la composition du produit. En particulier, des valeurs plus élevées de pH améliorent légèrement la précipitation du Ga par rapport au Fe. L'augmentation de la concentration de ZnSO4 a un effet négligeable sur la quantité de produit formée ou sur son contenu en Ga. Une plus grande durée de rétention augmente significativement la quantité de précipité formée, mais a seulement un effet mineur sur la composition du produit de jarosite de sodium porteur de Ga. L'augmentation de la concentration de Fe(SO4)1.5 en présence d'une concentration constante de Ga(SO4)1.5 augmente proportionnellement la quantité de produit et résulte en une dilution conséquente de son contenu en Ga. Une comparaison avec des résultats déjà publiés pour l'indium montre que l'indium et le gallium se comportent d'une façon similaire lors de la précipitation de composés de type jarosite.
A critical study of the Hopkinson pressure bar (1948)

Abstract The first part of this paper (§§ 1 to 9) contains a description of an electrical method for measuring the relation between pressure and time in experiments on high pressures of short duration. As in the method devised by Hopkinson, the pressure is applied normally to one end of a cylindrical steel bar, producing a stress pulse which gives rise to radial and longitudinal displacements in the bar. The radial displacement, or the longitudinal displacement at the end of the bar remote from the applied pressure, is used to produce a change in the capacity of a suitable condenser unit which is charged to a high potential and connected through a feed circuit and an amplifier to a double-beam cathode-ray oscillograph. The change in capacity of the condenser unit gives rise to a vertical deflexion of one of the beams of the oscillograph, the other beam being used for time-marking. At the appropriate instant, the two beams are traversed rapidly in a horizontal direction across the screen by a sweep circuit triggered by a switch on the pressure bar. By photographing the traces on the screen, an oscillogram , giving the variation with time of the displacement in the bar, is obtained, and from this record the variation of the applied pressure with time can be deduced. The second part of the paper (§§ 10 to 12) begins with a theoretical discussion of the propagation of extensional stress waves and pulses in a bar, using the exact equations due to Pochhammer and to Chree (§ 11), and also a less accurate wave equation due apparently to Love (§ 12). These investigations show that, owing to dispersion, a stress pulse is modified in its passage down the bar, the shorter waves lagging behind the longer ones. The theory provides a satisfactory explanation of certain features of the experimental results which are incompatible with elementary theory. It is found, for example, by the theory of group velocities, that a pulse whose initial duration is very short, becomes extended as it travels along the bar, its duration at distance x cm . from the origin being about 3.3x /isec. In the early stages of the disturbance, extending for the first 1.4x /tsec., only one dominant group exists; the later portion, extending over 1.9x sec., is com posed o f two dominant groups which give the characteristic pattern of two superposed oscillations. These conclusions are confirmed by experiment. The theory is used to discuss the errors in the experiments caused by the pressure bar itself, and it is shown that bars about 2 ft. long and 1 in. and 0.5 in. diameter can be used to measure pressures which last for about 20 and 10 /isec. respectively with an accuracy of about 2 to 3 % . T his was confirmed by experiments with bullet impacts and detonation waves in gaseous mixtures, in which the measured values of the pressure could be checked by calculation.
Leakage-based On-Chip Thermal Sensor for CMOS Technology (2007)

Thermal characterization of ICs and on-chip temperature monitoring have become key tasks in electronic engineering. In this paper, we present the design of an on-chip CMOS temperature sensor based on the temperature dependent characteristics of the subthreshold current. The proposed sensor achieves high accuracy sensing (0.56°C maximum error), wide temperature range (25-90°C), and extremely low area (0.010 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and power overhead (18 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> W). Our approach improves previous works on on-chip temperature sensors and is highly suitable for portable applications where temperature monitoring achieves great importance.
Efficient Power Management Circuit: Thermal Energy Harvesting to Above-IC Microbattery Energy Storage (2007)

An autonomous power generator unit includes 2 micropower sources and their associated management IC; a 1V miniature thermogenerator and RF power receiver are combined with a micropower DC-DC upconverter, power supply manager and microbattery charger, and a 5nW discharge monitor, to manage and store the harvested energy in a 30mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> above-IC deposited microbattery.
Flexible elastomer patch with vertical silicon nanoneedles for intracellular and intratissue nanoinjection of biomolecules (2018)

Vertically ordered arrays of silicon nanoneedles (Si NNs), due to their nanoscale dimension and low cytotoxicity, could enable minimally invasive nanoinjection of biomolecules into living biological systems such as cells and tissues. Although production of these Si NNs on a bulk Si wafer has been achieved through standard nanofabrication technology, there exists a large mismatch at the interface between the rigid, flat, and opaque Si wafer and soft, curvilinear, and optically transparent biological systems. Here, we report a unique methodology that is capable of constructing vertically ordered Si NNs on a thin layer of elastomer patch to flexibly and transparently interface with biological systems. The resulting outcome provides important capabilities to form a mechanically elastic interface between Si NNs and biological systems, and simultaneously enables direct imaging of their real-time interactions under the transparent condition. We demonstrate its utility in intracellular, intradermal, and intramuscular nanoinjection of biomolecules into various kinds of biological cells and tissues at their length scales.
Staggered oxide C<sup>4</sup>D structure with clocked source repeater (1973)

CCDs show promise for high density serial storage. A novel 2-phase C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> D shift register is described in which the charge storage barrier is produced by a staggered oxide structure
Tissue Microarray (TMA) Analysis of Normal And Persistent Chlamydophila Pneumoniae Infections (2006)

Background: Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection has been implicated as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis, however the mechanism leading to persistent infection and its role in the disease process remains to be elucidated. Methods: We validated the use of tissue microarray (TMA) technology, in combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC), to test antibodies (GroEL, GroES, GspD, Ndk and Pyk) raised against differentially expressed proteins under an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induced model of chlamydial persistence. Results: In the cell pellet array, we were able to identify differences in protein expression patterns between untreated and IFN-γ treated samples. Typical, large chlamydial inclusions could be observed in the untreated samples with all antibodies, whereas the number of inclusions were decreased and were smaller and atypical in shape in the IFN-γ treated samples. The staining results obtained with the TMA method were generally similar to the changes observed between normal and IFN-γ persistence using proteomic analysis. Subsequently, it was shown in a second TMA including archival atheromatous heart tissues from 12 patients undergoing heart transplantation, that GroEL, GroES, GspD and Pyk were expressed in atheromatous heart tissue specimens as well, and were detectable morphologically within lesions by IHC. Conclusion: TMA technology proved useful in documenting functional proteomics data with the morphologic distribution of GroEL, GroES, GspD, Ndk and Pyk within formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded cell pellets and tissues from patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis. The antibodies GroEL and GroES, which were upregulated under persistence in proteomic analysis, displayed positive reaction in atheromatous heart tissue from 10 out of 12 patients. These may be useful markers for the detection of persistent infection in vitro and in vivo.
Toll-like receptor 3 ligand attenuates LPS-induced liver injury by down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression on macrophages (2005)

This study demonstrates that pretreatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) significantly decreased the mortality and liver injury caused by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in C57BL/6 mice. Depletion of natural killer, natural killer T, and T cells did not change the protective effect of poly I:C on LPS/d-GalN-induced liver injury in vivo. However, depletion of macrophages abolished LPS/d-GalN-induced fulminant hepatitis, which could be restored by adoptive transfer of macrophages but not by transfer of poly I:C-treated macrophages. Treatment with poly I:C down-regulated the expression of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages and reduced the sensitivity of macrophages (Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice, or RAW264.7 cells) to LPS stimulation. Poly I:C pretreatment also impaired the signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Blockade of TLR3 with a TLR3 antibody abolished poly I:C down-regulation of TLR4 expression and LPS stimulation of TNF-alpha production in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that activation of TLR3 by its ligand, poly I:C, induced LPS tolerance by down-regulation of TLR4 expression on macrophages.
RNA Helicase p68 (DDX5) Regulates <i>tau</i> Exon 10 Splicing by Modulating a Stem-Loop Structure at the 5′ Splice Site (2011)

Regulation of tau exon 10 splicing plays an important role in tauopathy. One of the cis elements regulating tau alternative splicing is a stem-loop structure at the 5' splice site of tau exon 10. The RNA helicase(s) modulating this stem-loop structure was unknown. We searched for splicing regulators interacting with this stem-loop region using an RNA affinity pulldown-coupled mass spectrometry approach and identified DDX5/RNA helicase p68 as an activator of tau exon 10 splicing. The activity of p68 in stimulating tau exon 10 inclusion is dependent on RBM4, an intronic splicing activator. RNase H cleavage and U1 protection assays suggest that p68 promotes conformational change of the stem-loop structure, thereby increasing the access of U1snRNP to the 5' splice site of tau exon 10. This study reports the first RNA helicase interacting with a stem-loop structure at the splice site and regulating alternative splicing in a helicase-dependent manner. Our work uncovers a previously unknown function of p68 in regulating tau exon 10 splicing. Furthermore, our experiments reveal functional interaction between two splicing activators for tau exon 10, p68 binding at the stem-loop region and RBM4 interacting with the intronic splicing enhancer region.
Discrete roles and bifurcation of PTEN signaling and mTORC1-mediated anabolic metabolism underlie IL-7–driven B lymphopoiesis (2018)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) drives early B lymphopoiesis, but the underlying molecular circuits remain poorly understood, especially how Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5)-dependent and Stat5-independent pathways contribute to this process. Combining transcriptome and proteome analyses and mouse genetic models, we show that IL-7 promotes anabolic metabolism and biosynthetic programs in pro-B cells. IL-7-mediated activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) supported cell proliferation and metabolism in a Stat5-independent, Myc-dependent manner but was largely dispensable for cell survival or <i>Rag1</i> and <i>Rag2</i> gene expression. mTORC1 was also required for Myc-driven lymphomagenesis. PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and mTORC1 had discrete effects on Stat5 signaling and independently controlled B cell development. PI3K was actively suppressed by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) in pro-B cells to ensure proper IL-7R expression, Stat5 activation, heavy chain rearrangement, and cell survival, suggesting the unexpected bifurcation of the classical PI3K-mTOR signaling. Together, our integrative analyses establish IL-7R-mTORC1-Myc and PTEN-mediated PI3K suppression as discrete signaling axes driving B cell development, with differential effects on IL-7R-Stat5 signaling.
Image reconstruction in tomography using convex projections (1986)

The method of projections onto convex sets (POCS) has been widely used in image recovery and synthesis problems but it has never been used as an actual reconstruction algorithm in tomography. Yet POCS offers certain advantages over methods such as convolution backprojection or direct Fourier inversion. What are these advantages? First, POCS does not require a particular data gathering geometry (e.g., parallel beam or fan beam projections); it can be used with any arbitrary set of projection data. Second, POCS furnishes a systematic technique for incorporating a priori information about the image. It is interesting to note that when POCS is used in its most primitive mode, i.e., the only constraints are those imposed by the line-integral projections, it becomes the well-known ART algorithm. We describe how POCS is used to reconstruct images in tomography and present computer simulations to verify the feasibility of the procedure.
Determination of Blood Constituents in Chickens using the Dry Chemistry System (1991)

The dry chemistry system was applied to the blood chemical examination of chickens.
Role of glycosaminoglycans for binding and infection of hepatitis B virus (2007)

Many parts of the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of hepatocytes have been unravelled, but the attachment and entry process leading to infection is largely unknown. Using primary Tupaia hepatocyte cultures as an in vitro infection system, we determined that HBV uses cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as low-affinity receptor, because HBV infection was inhibited by heparin (IC50: 5 microg ml(-1)) or other higher-sulfated polymers, but not by lower-sulfated glycosaminoglycans, such as chondroitin sulfate. Pretreatment of primary hepatocytes with heparinase decreased viral binding and inhibited HBV infection completely. Interestingly, after preS1-dependent viral binding at 16 degrees C to the cell surface, subsequent infection could still be inhibited by HBV preS1-lipopeptides, but not by heparin any more, suggesting a shift of the virus to a high-affinity receptor. In summary, we suggest following multistep attachment process: in vivo, HBV is initially trapped within the liver in the space of Dissé by heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Thereafter, HBV binds via its preS1 attachment site and the N-terminal myristic acid to a yet unknown, high-affinity receptor that confers uptake in a yet unknown compartment.
Brain connectivity reflects human aesthetic responses to music (2016)

Humans uniquely appreciate aesthetics, experiencing pleasurable responses to complex stimuli that confer no clear intrinsic value for survival. However, substantial variability exists in the frequency and specificity of aesthetic responses. While pleasure from aesthetics is attributed to the neural circuitry for reward, what accounts for individual differences in aesthetic reward sensitivity remains unclear. Using a combination of survey data, behavioral and psychophysiological measures and diffusion tensor imaging, we found that white matter connectivity between sensory processing areas in the superior temporal gyrus and emotional and social processing areas in the insula and medial prefrontal cortex explains individual differences in reward sensitivity to music. Our findings provide the first evidence for a neural basis of individual differences in sensory access to the reward system, and suggest that social-emotional communication through the auditory channel may offer an evolutionary basis for music making as an aesthetically rewarding function in humans.
Estimating the Location of a Camera with Respect to a 3D Model (2007)

An algorithm is presented to estimate the position of a hand-held camera with respect to a 3d world model constructed from range data and color imagery. Little prior knowledge is assumed about the camera position. The algorithm includes stages that (1) generate an ordered set of initial model-to-image mapping estimates, each accurate only in a small region of the image and of the model, (2) refinement of each initial estimate through a combination of 3d-to-2d matching, robust parameter estimation, region growth, and model selection, and (3) testing the resulting projections for accuracy, stability and randomness. A key issue during stage (2) is that initially the model-to-image mapping is well-approximated by a 2d-to-2d transformation based on a local model surface approximation, but eventually the algorithm must transition to the 3d-to-2d projection necessary to solve the position estimation problem. The algorithm accomplishes this by expanding the region along the approximation surface first and then making a transition to expand fully in 3d. The overall algorithm is shown to effectively determine the location of the camera over a 100m x 100m area of our campus.
Using BDDs to verify multipliers (1991)

Bryant’s Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) [6] have been successfully used for verifying combinational circuits [12, 181. However, multiplier circuits are difficult to verify using BDDs since the size of the BDD representing multiplication grows exponentially in the number of input bits [6, 71. This paper presents a method for using BDDs to verify multipliers that avoids this exponential complexity. The method has been used to verify a 16 by 16 bit combinational multiplier, the C6288 circuit from the ISCAS85 benchmarks [5]. This is the only ISCAS85 benchmark circuit that could not be verified using the techniques described by Fujita et al. [12] and Malik et al. [la].
Development of a Free Space, LED Illuminated Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Setup (2017)

Free-space spectral domain optical coherence tomography has been demonstrated using an 8 mW ultra-bright 850 nm light-emitting diode with a 40 nm spectral width. The system detects longitudinal reflectivity of surface and sub-surface layers of optical elements to depths of a millimetre with high fidelity. Development stages included mathematical analysis of light interference by superposition of electric field phasors of reference and sample arms of a Michelson interferometer. A method by which depth-resolved reflectivity is acquired is described. A locally assembled Czerny Turner monochromator was aligned such that the interferometer output beam is dispersed into its spectral components before image re-construction. Calibration of the 2048-pixel detecting charge-coupled device line camera was performed using a Mercury vapour lamp with 8 spectral lines spanning from the ultra-violet to yellow region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Processing of interference fringe signals from spectral domain data is described and an analysis of variations in frequency of the interference fringe signal and threshold illumination with depth into the sample presented. A test of sensitivity of the depth imaging algorithm to low-amplitude signals is also reported.