gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architectures for the Future Networks and the Next Generation Internet (2010)

This tutorial on latest advances in future networking architectures is designed for researchers, engineers and managers involved in future networking product strategies. Networking research funding agencies in USA, Europe, Japan, and other countries are encouraging research on revolutionary architectures that may or may not be bound by the restrictions of the current TCP/IP based Internet. We present an overview of a number of such research projects and activities in this direction. The topics covered include: Clean-Slate Research Programs, Internet 3.0, Virtualization, ID-Locator Separation, Content Centric Networking, OpenFlow, and Delay-tolerant networks.
Efficient receivers for SC-FDE with offset modulations (2012)

Offset QAM signals (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) allow good power-bandwidth trade-offs, making them good candidates for broadband wireless systems, especially when combined with SC-FDE schemes (Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization). However, FDE receivers designed for nonoffset modulations have poor performance when employed with offset modulations and even FDE receivers specially designed for offset modulations have poor performance when large offset QAM constellations are employed. This is especially serious for non-uniform constellations. In this paper we study the reason behind the poor performance of offset modulations with conventional FDE schemes and present pragmatic FDE receivers for offset modulations that have low complexity but allow excellent performance, even for large and highly non-uniform offset QAM constellations. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Palladium-Catalyzed Aryl−Aryl Cross-Coupling Reaction Using <i>ortho</i>-Substituted Arylindium Reagents<sup>†</sup> (2007)

A range of biaryl compounds (aryl-aryl, aryl-heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-heteroaryl) can be efficiently prepared by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between ortho-substituted triarylindium reagents and aryl halides. The triarylindium reagents are prepared by directed ortho-lithiation and transmetallation to indium from the corresponding benzene derivatives using various directed metallation groups (DMGs). The reaction proceeds smoothly in high yields and short reaction times with high atom economy (the three aryl groups attached to indium are efficiently transferred).
An Improved Catalytic Method for Alkoxyamine Synthesis – Functionalized and Biradical Initiators for Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization (2003)

Abstract Mn(salen)Cl was applied as a low‐cost catalyst for the formation of alkoxyamines from nitroxides and substituted styrenes. These “unimolecular initiators” for nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) were synthesized using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidine‐1‐oxyl and 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐azahexane‐3‐oxyl. Functionalized alkoxyamines were obtained from 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride and 4‐vinylbenzyl alcohol. The divinyl compound 1,2‐bis(4‐vinylphenyl)ethane was converted to an alkoxyamine monomer and to bisaminooxy compounds, which can be used as “biradical initiators” for NMRP. Formation of alkoxyamines using Mn(salen)Cl as the catalyst. magnified image Formation of alkoxyamines using Mn(salen)Cl as the catalyst.
Resümee und Ausblick (2000)

Den Anlaß für die vorliegende Studie bildete die Implementierung des Fortbildungsberufs „Kraftfahrzeug-Servicetechniker“, die von einem Forschungsteam des Instituts für Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung e.V. — ISF München, dem der Verfasser angehörte, wissenschaftlich begleitet wurde.
Predicting 4D Seismic Performance Using an Integrated Flow Model (1999)

Abstract Changes in reservoir geophysical attributes during the life of a reservoir can be predicted by calculating the attributes as a function of time. This paper describes the calculation of reservoir geophysical attributes using an integrated flow model for the following reservoir management scenarios: water injection into an undersaturated oil reservoir; gas injection into an undersaturated, light oil reservoir; gas cycling in a retrograde condensate reservoir; solvent injection into a volatile oil reservoir; and aquifer influx into a gas reservoir.
Using RFID technology in produce traceability (2008)

In recent years, food safety events occur because of epizooty. Many countries build food traceability systems to solve these problems. However, the current food traceability system must be executed by paper work and need a lot of manpower. It also cannot trace and track back the origin and destination of food. Due to the fact that RFID technology can trace object, therefore, it can solve these problems.

The research method integrates RFID technologies on the food produce traceability system. Using RFID technology will be easy to trace each object, not only for the goods lots. RFID technology can also record all events automatically and acquire the information about the food production by handhold devices.

The research result of this paper is providing an integrated tactility system for the entire food supply chain by RFID technology. The benefit of this research can trace the food production, and let consumers get the complete food production information to choose and buy the safety food.
A Recombinant Homotrimer, Composed of the α Helical Neck Region of Human Surfactant Protein D and C1q B Chain Globular Domain, Is an Inhibitor of the Classical Complement Pathway (2001)

The first step in the activation of the classical complement pathway by immune complexes involves the binding of the six globular heads of C1q to the Fc regions of IgG or IgM. The globular heads of C1q (gC1q domain) are located C-terminal to the six triple-helical stalks present in the molecule, each head being composed of the C-terminal halves of one A, one B, and one C chain. The gC1q modules are also found in a variety of noncomplement proteins, such as type VIII and X collagens, precerebellin, hibernation protein, multimerin, Acrp-30, and saccular collagen. In several of these proteins, the chains containing these gC1q modules appear to form a homotrimeric structure. Here, we report expression of an in-frame fusion of a trimerizing neck region of surfactant protein D with the globular head region of C1q B chain as a fusion to Escherichia coli maltose binding protein. Following cleavage by factor Xa and removal of the maltose binding protein, the neck and globular region, designated ghB(3), formed a soluble, homotrimeric structure and could inhibit C1q-dependent hemolysis of IgG- and IgM-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The functional properties of ghB(3) indicate that the globular regions of C1q may adopt a modular organization in which each globular head of C1q may be composed of three structurally and functionally independent domains, thus retaining multivalency in the form of a heterotrimer. The finding that ghB(3) is an inhibitor of C1q-mediated complement activation opens up the possibility of blocking activation at the first step of the classical complement pathway.
Location-based intelligence - modeling behavior in humans using GPS (2006)

This paper introduces the notion of location-based intelligence by tracking the spatial properties and behavior of a single civilian participant over a two-week study period using a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and displaying them on a geographic information system (GIS). The paper clearly shows the power of combining speed (S), distance (D), time (T) and elevation (E) data with the exact longitude and latitude position of the user. The issues drawn from the observation and the civilian's personal diary are useful in understanding the social implications of tracking and monitoring objects and subjects using GPS. The findings show that while GPS has been used in some very innovative ways, there are a plethora of ethical dilemmas associated with its use on civilians, even if they are requesting a given service and paying for its utilization. From the information recorded during the field observation, a number of inherent technical limitations in GPS were identified which add to the complexity of such related areas as law and commerce. In conclusion, while the benefits of GPS for specific applications is apparent, safeguards need to be put in place to ensure that information gathered by the GPS is not misused or abused. One can envisage that if the wrong hands obtain location information records for individual subscribers that the potential exposure and risk might be even greater than that of stolen credit cards.
Fall risk-assessment tools compared with clinical judgment: an evaluation in a rehabilitation ward (2008)

this study showed that clinical observation had a higher accuracy than two used falls risk-assessment tools. However it was significantly less sensitive implying that fewer patients who fell were correctly identified as being at risk.
Weight Loss in Older Persons: New Therapeutic Approaches (2007)

There is now a large body of evidence that weight loss in older persons not only increases mortality, but also increases the incidence of hip fracture, functional deterioration and institutionalization. Weight loss is a central component of frailty. There is evidence that it is not only muscle, but also fat loss that leads to these deleterious effects. The reasons why fat loss can be harmful in older persons are reviewed. There are four major causes of weight loss in older persons viz. anorexia, sarcopenia, cachexia and dehydration. This review concentrates on the major causes of anorexia and sarcopenia. In particular, the emergence of new medications such as selective androgen receptor molecules, antimyostatin analogues, megestrol acetate (nanocrystal formulation), and ghrelin agonists are reviewed. The potential role of anabolic steroids is also discussed.
Development of Adaptive Construction Structure by Variable Geometry Truss (2008)

As for one movable mechanism that enables to make a future adaptive structure, we focused the VGT, and examined the development of element technolgies and its applicability to moveable structures. VGT was equipped with flexible and intelligent functions, and various shapes could be created freely by contriving its arrangement and control. The structure was considered to have a very wide application to construction sturucture. This paper has proposed an example of an adaptive structure applying the VGT. The efficiency and the characteristics of the VGT could be grasped under the several conditions by a scale model of a Flowering Dome and a movable monument exhibited in EXPO. Application of the movable monumnet was the first big project since the VGT technology had been developed in the construction field. In the development of the monument, we considered quality and security of construction. As a result, safe and excellent continuous performance was achieved, and the monument received high praise from promoters and many visitors. The VGT was shown to be a very useful technology for such movable structures whose shape can be changed variably. In the future, with progressing and spreading of VGT technology, we will propose various applications. Finally, the author thanks all who supported the development and application of the VGT structure and a movable monument at Expo 2005.
Anti-latency agents to purge HIV reservoirs (2012)

The persistence of latent HIV-infected cellular reservoirs represents the major hurdle to virus eradication with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), since latently infected cells remain a permanent source of viral reactivation. HIV establishes a persistent infection in CD4+ T lymphocytes (and to a lesser extent in macrophages as well), creating a persistent reservoir consisting mainly of latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cell. Although pre- and post-integration latencies have been described in HIV-1, the reservoir that appears to be the major barrier to eradication is composed of latently infected cells carrying an integrated provirus that is transcriptionally silent.

It has been suggested that reactivation of the latent reservoirs could allow effective targeting and possible eradication of the virus. Immunoactivation therapy to reduce the latent pool of HIV by treatment with the anti-CD3 antibody OKT-3 alone or in combination with interleukin-2, substantially failed to significantly decrease the viral reservoir. Non-specific T-cell activation may induce high-level viral replication above a level that can be fully contained by ART, while increasing the susceptibility of uninfected cells.

Selective targeting of HIV provirus via agents that induce the expression of quiescent HIV, but have limited effects on the uninfected host cell is an alternate approach to attack latent HIV. Activation from latency to completion of the replication cycle should result in lytic cell death of CD4+ T cells. Multiple mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of proviral latency could be targeted to activate the latent virus. As examples of potentially useful agents, IL–7 can reactivate HIV–1 in latently infected cells in vitro through the induction of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signalling pathway. The use of different chemical compounds targeting the PKC signalling pathway (prostratin, bryostatin) has also been proposed as a means of reactivating viral reservoirs. Finally, HDAC blocking is an attractive potential means of inducing broad reactivation of HIV–1 reservoirs, and promising results have been achieved using the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat.
Fungicidal Activity Plus Reservoir Effect Allow Short Treatment Courses with Terbinafine in Tinea pedis (2008)

Terbinafine, a synthetic allylamine, exerts fungicidal activity against dermatophytes, the causative pathogens of tinea pedis. As proven in numerous clinical trials, tinea pedis can be effectively and safely treated by topical terbinafine. In fact, a 1-week application of terbinafine 1% cream eradicated fungal pathogens at least as effectively as 4-week treatment courses with topical azole derivative antifungals and showed lower relapse rates. A new innovative single-application formulation of terbinafine 1% in a film-forming solution produces a high concentration gradient on the skin surface and enables a prolonged (up to 13 days) exposure of the skin to terbinafine. High drug penetration into the skin results in an otherwise not obtained drug reservoir in the horny layer, the location of dermatophytes in tinea pedis. Although azole antimycotics can also effectively penetrate into the horny layer of the skin, short-term therapy might not be feasible due to its primarily fungistatic activity against dermatophytes. Thus, we conclude that the high efficacy of short-term treatment with terbinafine in patients with tinea pedis is possible due to its fungicidal activity coupled with a distinct reservoir formation in the upper layers of the epidermis.
Hydrogen diffusion and ion implantation in silicon carbide (2003)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been employed tostudy the spatial distributions resulting from mass transportby diffusion and ion implantation in single crystal siliconcarbide (SiC). By a systematic analysis of this data,fundamental processes that govern these phenomena have beenderived. The acceptor atoms Al and B are known to be electricallypassivated by H in SiC. By studying the thermally stimulatedredistribution of implanted deuterium (2H) in various acceptordoped structures, it is found that hydrogen forms complexeswith the doping atoms, and also interacts strongly withimplantation induced defects. A comprehensive understanding ofthe formation and dissociation kinetics of these complexes hasbeen obtained. The extracted effective capture radius for theformation of 2H-B complexes is in good agreement with thatexpected for a coulomb force assisted trapping mechanism. Thelarge difference of 0.9 eV in the extracted dissociationenergies for the 2H-Al and 2H-B complexes suggests that theatomic configurations of the two complexes are significantlydifferent. Furthermore, by studying the migration behavior of Hin the presence of built-in electric fields, it is concludedthat all of the mobile H is in the positive charge state inp-type SiC. A large number of implantations have been performed withrespect to ion mass, energy, fluence, and crystal orientation.The electronic stopping cross sections in the low velocityregime for ions with atomic numbers 1 ≤ Z1 ≤ 15have been extracted from the ion range distributions. Theydisplay both Z1-oscillations and a smaller than velocityproportional stopping for ions with Z1 ≤ 8, in agreementwith previous reports for other materials. Furthermore, thedegree of ion channeling in various major axial and planarchannels of the 6H and 4H-SiC crystal has been explored. Twotypes of ion implantation simulators have been developed. Onebased on a statistical, data-base approach, and one atomisticsimulator, based on the binary collision approximation (BCA).By fitting BCA simulated profiles to the experimental profiles,detailed information about the electronic stopping andimplantation induced damage is extracted. In addition, thevacancy-related damage caused by the implantations has beeninvestigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Twotypes of implantation induced positron traps have been isolatedand are tentatively identified as a Si vacancy (VSi) and a Si-Cdivacancy (VSiVC). The extension of detected VSi is in goodagreement with that predicted by BCA simulations, and forimplantations with heavier ions VSi are revealed at far greaterdepths than the mean projected ion range due to deeplypenetrating channeled ions.
Aperture Synthesis by Object Rotation in Coherent Imaging (1980)

Doppler processing is an established method for obtaining spatial resolution of objects which exhibit radial motion relative to an observing sensor. When applied to rotating objects, Doppler processing yields resolution in cross-range along an axis normal to both object rotation and line-of-sight axes. In this case, the cross-range resolution performance is dictated by the angular interval over which the data are observed and processed. This paper treats a tomographic extension of Doppler processing in the case of a rotating object (or a rotating planar array of point scatterers). It uses a stationary, continuous-wave (CW) irradiating source and sensor, co-located in the plane being imaged. The processing of data from a rotating object is shown to be equivalent to synthesizing an aperture which is a segment of a circle, however, processing over large angular rotations requires a focusing correction. Angular rotations up to and including 2π radians are considered. For this latter condition the system simulates an annular aperture which encloses the object. With this technique, high resolution may be obtained in all directions in the object plane without the use of a wideband signal, and equal point-objects separated by a quarter wavelength may be resolved. The imaging process provides high resolution for sparse arrays of objects of similar strength which are small in comparison to a wavelength. The imaging capability in the case of dense object arrays or large objects is limited and has a restricted dynamic range.
Pattern of neuropathic pain induced by topical capsaicin application in healthy subjects (2015)

Human experimental pain models are widely used to study drug effects under controlled conditions, but they require further optimization to better reflect clinical pain conditions. To this end, we measured experimentally induced pain in 110 (46 men) healthy volunteers. The quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery (German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain) was applied on untreated ("control") and topical capsaicin-hypersensitized ("test") skin. Z-transformed QST-parameter values obtained at the test site were compared with corresponding values published from 1236 patients with neuropathic pain using Bayesian statistics. Subjects were clustered for the resemblance of their QST pattern to neuropathic pain. Although QST parameter values from the untreated site agreed with reference values, several QST parameters acquired at the test site treated with topical capsaicin deviated from normal. These deviations resembled in 0 to 7 parameters of the QST pattern observed in patients with neuropathic pain. Higher degrees (50%-60%) of resemblance to neuropathic QST pattern were obtained in 18% of the subjects. Inclusion in the respective clusters was predictable at a cross-validated accuracy of 86.9% by a classification and regression tree comprising 3 QST parameters (mechanical pain sensitivity, wind-up ratio, and z-transformed thermal sensory limen) from the control sites. Thus, we found that topical capsaicin partly induced the desired clinical pattern of neuropathic pain in a preselectable subgroup of healthy subjects to a degree that fuels expectations that experimental pain models can be optimized toward mimicking clinical pain. The subjects, therefore, qualify for enrollment in analgesic drug studies that use highly selected cohorts to enhance predictivity for clinical analgesia.
The use of multi-frequency impedimetry for the monitoring of chronic wounds: the BIPPED clinical study (2015)

The number of people developing type II diabetes is verging on epidemic proportions in some countries. Along with an aging population, the incidence of chronic diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers is increasing and threatens to pose a problem for healthcare systems. A smart, wearable autonomous wound therapy and monitoring device is the goal of the Swan-iCare project, which involves 9 consortium members and is funded by the European commission under the FP7 program. The device is intended to shorten hospital stays by enabling patients to return home and have their wounds remotely monitored by the clinician. A miniaturized, bio impedance sensor system is among the sensors under development. In this paper we describe the promising preliminary results of a clinical study on the use of bio-impedance measurements to monitor the healing processes of diabetic foot ulcers.
The Utility of Phosphonium Ylides in HeterocyclicSynthesis: Synthesis of Pyridazinone and TetrahydrocinnolinoneDerivatives (1997)

The synthesis of pyridazinone and tetrahydrocinnolinone derivatives via the reaction of phosphonium ylides with different hydrazines is accomplished; reaction of a pyridazinone derivative with Wittig reagents is also achieved.
Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature (2012)

The need for novel antibiotics comes from the relatively high incidence of bacterial infection and the growing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics. Consequently, new methods for reducing bacteria activity (and associated infections) are badly needed. Nanotechnology, the use of materials with dimensions on the atomic or molecular scale, has become increasingly utilized for medical applications and is of great interest as an approach to killing or reducing the activity of numerous microorganisms. While some natural antibacterial materials, such as zinc and silver, possess greater antibacterial properties as particle size is reduced into the nanometer regime (due to the increased surface to volume ratio of a given mass of particles), the physical structure of a nanoparticle itself and the way in which it interacts with and penetrates into bacteria appears to also provide unique bactericidal mechanisms. A variety of techniques to evaluate bacteria viability, each with unique advantages and disadvantages, has been established and must be understood in order to determine the effectiveness of nanoparticles (diameter ≤ 100 nm) as antimicrobial agents. In addition to addressing those techniques, a review of select literature and a summary of bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms are covered in this manuscript.