gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of impedance spectroscopy in biochemistry and biophysics. (1996)

The present study is intended to demonstrate the application of impedance spectroscopy to two very different fields of biophysical research. The core component of our measuring setup is a self-constructed continuous wave impedance spectrometer together with special measuring chambers which are individually designed for the systems under investigation. We directed our attention towards: i) the investigation of solid supported lipid bilayers in general, especially systems which are suitable for protein reconstitution such as dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB) immobilized onto a gold electrode, precovered with a negatively charged monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Impedance spectroscopy allows to study the stability, the thickness and the electrode coverage of those artificial membranes as well as the observation of ion transport mediated by ionophores like gramicidin D incorporated into a DODAB-bilayer. ii) The characterization of the passive electrical properties of epithelial and endothelial cell monolayers in general and especially the determination of their transepithelial (transendothelial) electrical resistances as a measure for epithelial barrier function. From impedance spectra, as reported here, we are able to follow the formation and modulation of cell layer permeability to small ions.
Oligolignans in Norway spruce and Scots pine knots and Norway spruce stemwood (2004)

Abstract Oligolignans present in substantial amounts in Norway spruce and Scots pine knots were characterised. The hydrophilic knotwood substances were extracted and different chromatographic methods were applied to obtain fractions for analysis by GC, GC-MS, HR-EI-MS, LC-ESI-MS, NMR, and FTIR. β- O -4-Linked guaiacylglyceryl ethers of hydroxymatairesinol (Ia, Ib, Ic), secoisolariciresinol (II), lariciresinol (III), isolariciresinol (IV), lignan A (V), liovil (VI), conidendrin (VII), and pinoresinol (VIII) were identified in the spruce knotwood extract and β- O -4-linked guaiacylglyceryl ethers of nortrachelogenin (IX) and secoisolariciresinol (II) in the pine knotwood extract. The structures of allo-hydroxymatairesinol-4′-guaiacylglyceryl ether (Ia), hydroxymatairesinol-4-guaiacylglyceryl ether (Ib), hydroxymatairesinol-4′-guaiacylglyceryl ether (Ic), secoisolariciresisinol-4-guaiacylglyceryl ether (II), and lariciresinol-4′-guaiacylglyceryl ether (III) were determined via GC-MS, HR-MS, and 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses. The structures of (Ia), (Ic), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), and (IX) have not been reported earlier. Spruce stemwood, both heartwood and sapwood, also contained oligolignans in small amounts. In addition, some dilignans with four phenylpropanoid units were tentatively identified in the hydrophilic knotwood substances.
Improved approximation schemes for scheduling unrelated parallel machines (1999)

We consider the problem of scheduling n independent jobs on m unrelated parallel machines. Each job has to be processed by exactly one machine, processing job j on machine i requires p;j time units, and the objective is to minimize the makespan, i.e. the maximum job completion time. We focus on the caSe when n is fixed and develop a fully polynomial approximation scheme whose running time depends only linearly on n. In the second half of the paper we extend this result to a variant of the problem, where processing job j on machine i also incurs a cost of cij, and thus there are two optimization criteria: makespan and cost. We show that for any fixed m, there is a fully polynomial approximation scheme that, given values T and C, computes for any fixed E > 0 a schedule in O(n) time with makespan at most (1 + e)T and cost at most (1 + e)C, if there exists a schedule of makespan T and cost C.
Versatile Chromium-Doped Zinc Selenide Infrared Laser Sources (2010)

The atmospheric transmission windows of 2-5 and 8-12 µm, coupled with organic and other chemical absorption lines occurring throughout this middle-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength region give rise to a wide variety of medical, scientific, commercial and military applications.Communications, remote sensing, IR countermeasures, laser surgery and non-invasive imaging are just a few of the drivers of high-power solid-state mid-IR laser development.These laser sources must be versatile enough to operate in a variety of temporal modes from continuous wave (CW) all the way to ultrashort pulse while still being widely tunable for wavelength agility.All of this is required at ever increasing power output levels while conforming to size, weight and power consumption limitations under harsh operating environmental conditions.Chromium-doped zinc selenide (Cr 2+ :ZnSe) lasers operating in the 2-3 µm region are excellent candidates to help fill these vital roles.As a transition-metal doped II-VI chalcogenide, Cr 2+ :ZnSe has a number of positive advantages over existing laser sources.Development and power scaling of these lasers however, has been hampered by thermal issues which have so far limited the ability of these lasers to be applied to systems-level development.This work presents research into the nature and mitigation of these critical thermal issues in development of versatile Cr 2+ :ZnSe laser sources.Advanced models for thermal and laser performance are developed and used to design optimally configured laser systems.Among other advances for this material, >10 W CW output from a Cr 2+ :ZnSe oscillator and master-oscillator / power amplifier systems producing multi-watt, widely tunable power levels are demonstrated.v DedicationThis work is dedicated to two true friends: Saffar Arjmandi, my friend and partner-in-crime from whom I learned many valuable lessons, most of all what it means to soldier on in the face of adversity.
Photosynthetic <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Products and Activities of Enzymes Related to Photosynthesis in Bermudagrass and Other Plants (1971)

After a 5-second exposure of illuminated bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. ;Coastal') leaves to (14)CO(2), 84% of the incorporated (14)C was recovered as aspartate and malate. After transfer from (14)CO(2)-air to (12)CO(2)-air under continuous illumination, total radioactivity decreased in aspartate, increased in 3-phosphoglyceric acid and alanine, and remained relatively constant in malate. Carbon atom 1 of alanine was labeled predominantly, which was interpreted to indicate that alanine was derived from 3-phosphoglyceric acid. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, alkaline pyrophosphatase, adenylate kinase, pyruvate-phosphate dikinase, and malic enzyme in bermudagrass leaf extracts was distinctly higher than those in fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a reductive pentose phosphate cycle plant. Assays of malic enzyme activity indicated that the decarboxylation of malate was favored. Both malic enzyme and NADP(+)-specific malic dehydrogenase activity were low in bermudagrass compared to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The activities of NAD(+)-specific malic dehydrogenase and acidic pyrophosphatase in leaf extracts were similar among the plant species examined, irrespective of the predominant cycle of photosynthesis. Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase in C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle plant leaf extracts was about 60%, on a chlorophyll basis, of that in reductive pentose phosphate cycle plants.We conclude from the enzyme and (14)C-labeling studies that bermudagrass contains the C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle and that pyruvate-phosphate dikinase does not exist exclusively in C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle plants, and we propose that in C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle plants the transfer of carbon from a dicarboxylic acid to 3-phosphoglyceric acid involves a decarboxylation reaction and then a refixation of carbon dioxide by ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase.
Le système de VAI pour le contrôle du recuit après zingage : la technologie, les résultats, les avantages (1999)

Confrontées aux exigences de l’industrie automobile, les sociétés VOEST-ALPINE Stahl Linz GmbH (VASL) et VOEST-ALPINE Industrieanlagenbau GmbH (VAI) ont conjugué leurs efforts pour développer un système nouveau pour le contrôle du processus de recuit après zingage (souvent désigné par le terme anglais « galvannealing »). Ce système, qui fonctionne en boucle fermée, permet le contrôle en ligne de l’état de surface de la bande revêtue et de la teneur en fer dans la couche alliée. L’article présente la boucle de contrôle et les résultats obtenus avec ce système. Le contrôle continu de l’état de surface permet une réduction drastique de la longueur de bande non conforme aux spécifications et, de plus, une augmentation du rendement d’environ 2 %.
Cross-linked comb-shaped anion exchange membranes with high base stability (2014)

A unique one-step cross-linking strategy that connects quaternary ammonium centers using Grubbs II-catalyzed olefin metathesis was developed. The cross-linked anion exchange membranes showed swelling ratios of less than 10% and hydroxide conductivities of 18 to 40 mS cm(-1). Cross-linking improved the membranes' stability to hydroxide degradation compared to their non-cross-linked analogues.
ACCIDENT RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ADVANCED ATM (1999)

Safety is recognized as a key quality on which to select/design advanced ATM concepts, even when capacity and efficiency are the drivers of the development. The safety target is often described as equal or better in comparison with existing practice, allowing a large freedom in how safety is expressed or measured. In effect, new CNS/ATM concepts are typically accomplished without the use of feedback from appropriate safety assessments. ATM concept design teams try to realize capacity efficiency enhancements by exploiting new technology, changing human controller roles and introducing new procedures while relying on the established safety related indicators in ATM such as conflict rates and types, work load of human operators and failure rates and effects of technical systems. ZTM, however, is the result of complex interactions between multiple human operators, procedures and technical systems, all highly distributed.
Octacoordinate Chelates of Lanthanides. Two Series of Compounds (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOctacoordinate Chelates of Lanthanides. Two Series of CompoundsHerbert. Bauer, Joseph. Blanc, and Daniel L. RossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 23, 5125–5131Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01077a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1016Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (821 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structural similarities between the development-specific protein S from a gram-negative bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, and calmodulin. (1983)

During differentiation of Myxococcus xanthus, a large amount of protein S is produced and assembled on the surface of the myxospore by a process that specifically requires Ca2+. The gene for protein S has been cloned, and two tandemly repeated homologous genes have been found to be within a short distance of each other in the M. xanthus chromosome. We determined the DNA sequence of 3,692 bp encompassing both genes and deduced the amino acid sequences of the two gene products. The gene 1 (upstream) product and the gene 2 (downstream) product show extensive amino acid sequence homology (88%). However, from their structures, protein S was found to be produced from gene 2, indicating that gene 2 is specifically turned on during differentiation. The structure of protein S shows striking similarities with calmodulin: protein S is composed of four internally homologous domains. In particular, the first and the third domains, consisting of 38 residues each, show a high level of homology (79%), and the second and the fourth domains, consisting of 40 residues each, show homology of 65%. In the first and the third domains, there is a common sequence of nine residues, Glu (or Asp)-Asn-Asn-Thr-Ile-Ser-Ser-Val-Lys, which is highly homologous to one of the proposed Ca2+-binding sequences in bovine brain calmodulin, Asp-Gly-Asn-Gly-Thr-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys.
Dioxygen activation by a neutral β-diketiminato copper(i) ethylene complex (2001)

The synthesis and structure of two thermally stable neutral beta-diketiminato copper(I) olefin complexes are presented along with the structure of a Cu(II)2(mu-OH)2 dimer that results from the reaction of the Cu(I) ethylene complex with O2 via the proposed intermediacy of a Cu(III)2(mu-O)2 species.
Autoignition of Methanol and Ethanol Sprays under Diesel Engine Conditions (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Methanol and ethanol are being considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines. One of the key concerns with using alcohol fuels in diesel engines is their poor ignition quality. This work presents the ignition characteristics of methanol and ethanol examined under simulated diesel engine conditions in a constant-volume combustion vessel. The ignition characteristics of isooctane and normal hexadecane (cetane) measured under the same conditions are also included for reference.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results show that to obtain ignition delays and rates-of-pressure-rise suitable for current diesel engine designs, methanol and ethanol require in-cylinder temperatures of about 1100 K at the time of injection. The results also show that the ignition delays of the alcohol fuels are independent of the chamber pressure and are unaffected by the presence of 10% by volume of water in the fuel. Finally, in spite of large differences among the ignition delays of methanol, ethanol, isooctane, and cetane at lower temperatures, their ignition delays converge and reach a limiting value for temperatures above 1100 K. when ignition delay is defined as the time to recover the pressure loss from fuel evaporation.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Fluorides: Compounds Containing Carbon—Metal—Fluorine Fragments of d‐Block Metals (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cardio-pulmonary function in preascitic (hypoxemic) or normal broilers inhaling ambient air or 100% oxygen (2000)

We evaluated the influence of the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (HbO2) on the pulmonary arterial pressure in normal and preascitic (hypoxemic) broilers breathing ambient air or 100% O2. In Experiment 1, unanesthetized preascitic broilers (right:total ventricular weight ratios [RV:TV] = 0.32+/-0.02) breathing ambient air had initial values of 67% for HbO2 and 32 mm Hg for pulmonary arterial pressure. The HbO2 increased to > or =96.6% during inhalation of 100% O2; however, pulmonary arterial pressure was not reduced. In Experiment 2, anesthetized normal (RV:TV = 0.23; HbO2 = 88%) and preascitic broilers (RV:TV = 0.28; HbO2 = 76%) were compared. The groups did not differ in body weight or respiratory rate, but preascitic broilers had lower values for mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood and had higher values for pulmonary arterial pressure. Inhaling 100% O2 increased HbO2 to 99.9% in both groups; however, pulmonary arterial pressure remained higher in preascitic than in normal broilers, and the pulmonary vascular resistance was not reduced during 100% O2 inhalation. Cardiac output was higher in preascitic than in normal broilers before and after, but not during, 100% O2 inhalation. Mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance increased in the preascitic but not in the normal group during 100% O2 inhalation. Low coefficients of determination (R2) were obtained for linear regression comparisons of HbO2 vs. pulmonary arterial pressure in both experiments. Overall, acute reversal of the systemic hypoxemia in preascitic broilers had little direct impact on pulmonary hypertension, providing no evidence of hypoxemic or hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Instead, acute reversal of the systemic hypoxemia primarily increased the total peripheral resistance and normalized the mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. A sustained reduction in cardiac output theoretically should attenuate pulmonary hypertension, but this was not observed because of the overriding influence of sustained pulmonary vascular resistance.
Effect of Diet on In Vitro and In Vivo Rumen Lactate Disappearance Rate in Sheep2 (1976)

Four fistulated sheep were fed either chopped grass hay, hay plus two levels of lactic acid or a corn based concentrate diet in a 4 × 4 extra-period latin square design with 21 day experimental periods. Disappearance rates of infused lactic acid in an in vitro fermentation were measured on day 7, 11, 14 and 21 of each period. On day 15 of each period, lactate was infused into the rumen of sheep to measure in vivo disappearance rates. Both in vitro and in vivo disappearance rates were lower by at least 50% when the hay diet was fed compared to the hay plus lactic acid and concentrate diets. The in vitro disappearance rates of lactate in ruminal fluid from sheep fed hay, hay plus lactic acid (two levels) and concentrate were 19, 44, 57 and 127 mg/100 ml/hr, respectively, on the 21st day. In contrast, the in vivo lactate disappearance rates were 154, 486, 500 and 313 mg/100 ml/hr, respectively. The use of whole instead of strained ruminal contents as inocula resulted in in vitro treatment rankings similar to those obtained in vivo.
Evaluation of DHPLC analysis in mutational scanning of Notch3, a gene with a high G-C content (2000)

Notch3 mutations cause CADASIL, an increasingly recognized cause of subcortical ischemic stroke and vascular dementia in human adults. In the absence of any specific diagnostic criteria, CADASIL diagnosis is based on mutational scanning of Notch3, which is a large gene composed of 33 exons with a high G-C content. In this study we examined the sensitivity of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). First we established the theoretical optimal parameters, then we examined a large collection of amplicons in which we had previously identified distinct pathogenic mutations or polymorphisms. We further performed Notch3 mutational scanning in five patients suspected of CADASIL diagnosis in which previous scanning, including SSCP and heteroduplexes analysis, failed to detect any pathogenic mutation. DHPLC resolved 97% of mutations previously detected by sequencing and allowed identification of two novel pathogenic mutations: R607C and F984C. These data indicate that DHPLC is a sensitive screening method particularly suitable for epidemio-genetic screening of CADASIL. Hum Mutat 16:518–526, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cotton Rat Tumor Model for the Evaluation of Oncolytic Adenoviruses (2005)

Oncolytic human adenovirus (Ad) vectors exert their antitumor effect by replicating in and lysing tumor cells. These vectors are commonly evaluated in immunodeficient mice bearing human tumor xenografts. However, this model suffers because the mice are immunodeficient and are not permissive for human Ads. We have developed a cotton rat model to test the selectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of oncolytic Ad vectors. The cotton rat is a rodent species that is semipermissive for human Ads. We show that the cotton cancer rat cell line LCRT supports the replication of human Ad in tissue culture and that the cells are destroyed on virus replication. When injected subcutaneously, LCRT cells formed tumors in immunocompetent cotton rats, and the growth of these tumors was delayed by the injection of an oncolytic Ad vector. Replication of the Ad vector in the tumor was demonstrated by sampling tumor tissue and isolating infectious virus particles at various times after intratumoral injection of the virus. We propose that the cotton rat can be used as an animal model to evaluate oncolytic Ad vectors.
Do rules control power? GATT articles and arrangements in the Uruguay Round (1992)

Many complain and offer evidence that in recent years the GATT system has become more power-oriented, less stable, and less equitable. A concern to reverse this drift was one of the motives that brought the international community to agree to undertake the Uruguay Round. Rules control power, assumed the signers of the Punte del Este declaration, therefore elaborating and extending GATT rules would move the international community toward a fairer, more stable international trading system. Finger and Dhar contend that the opposite is true. Particularly in the 1980s, the elaboration and application of GATT rules has been an exercise in the application of economic and political power, not in its control. GATT rules, in theory, are there to limit national trade restrictions. Finger and Dhar contend that in fact things work the other way around: national practice comes first, and determines what the GATT rules mean. GATT's rules do not put limits on national practices, but provide international santion for these practices. Such rules are not part of the thereforelution but are part of the problem. Theirs is a situation-specific argument, say Finger and Dhar, not a generic one. Their target is not"rules", nor is it"GATT". Rather, it is the GATT rules.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) Phenocopy Due to a Cell Cycle Division 73 (<i>CDC73</i>) Variant (2020)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of parathyroid tumors, pituitary adenomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). MEN1 is caused by germline <i>MEN1</i> mutations in > 75% of patients, and the remaining 25% of patients may have mutations in unidentified genes or represent phenocopies with mutations in genes such as cell cycle division 73 (<i>CDC73)</i>, the calcium sensing receptor (<i>CASR)</i>, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (<i>CDKN1B)</i>, which are associated with the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1, and MEN4, respectively. Here, we report a heterozygous c.1138C>T (p.Leu380Phe) <i>CDC73</i> germline variant in a clinically diagnosed MEN1 patient, based on combined occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, and a PNEN. Characterization of the PNEN confirmed it was a neuroendocrine neoplasm as it immuno-stained positively for chromogranin and glucagon. The rare variant p.Leu380Phe occurred in a highly conserved residue, and further analysis using RNA-Scope indicated that it was associated with a significant reduction in <i>CDC73</i> expression in the PNEN. Previously, <i>CDC73</i> mutations have been reported to be associated with tumors of the parathyroids, kidneys, uterus, and exocrine pancreas. Thus, our report of a patient with PNEN and somatotrophinoma who had a <i>CDC73</i> variant, provides further evidence that <i>CDC73</i> variants may result in a MEN1 phenocopy.