gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface modification and functionalization of carbon nanotube with some organic compounds (2013)

In this work the surface modification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. CNTs were firstly treated by acid mixture H2SO4/HNO3 to introduce the carboxylic group onto the surface of CNTs. This carboxylic group was used as reaction precursor in the functionalization. Two functional groups, dodecylamine (DDA) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APTES), were successfully covalently attached to CNTs. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The CNTs attached to the organofunctional moieties have greater versatility for further utilization in different application fields such as biology, nanocomposites, solar energy, etc.
Toward industrial production of isoprenoids in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Lessons learned from CRISPR‐Cas9 based optimization of a chromosomally integrated mevalonate pathway (2017)

Escherichia coli has been the organism of choice for the production of different chemicals by engineering native and heterologous pathways. In the present study, we simultaneously address some of the main issues associated with E. coli as an industrial platform for isoprenoids, including an inability to grow on sucrose, a lack of endogenous control over toxic mevalonate (MVA) pathway intermediates, and the limited pathway engineering into the chromosome. As a proof of concept, we generated an E. coli DH1 strain able to produce the isoprenoid bisabolene from sucrose by integrating the cscAKB operon into the chromosome and by expressing a heterologous MVA pathway under stress-responsive control. Production levels dropped dramatically relative to plasmid-mediated expression when the entire pathway was integrated into the chromosome. In order to optimize the chromosomally integrated MVA pathway, we established a CRISPR-Cas9 system to rapidly and systematically replace promoter sequences. This strategy led to higher pathway expression and a fivefold improvement in bisabolene production. More interestingly, we analyzed proteomics data sets to understand and address some of the challenges associated with metabolic engineering of the chromosomally integrated pathway. This report shows that integrating plasmid-optimized operons into the genome and making them work optimally is not a straightforward task and any poor engineering choices on the chromosome may lead to cell death rather than just resulting in low titers. Based on these results, we also propose directions for chromosomal metabolic engineering.
Data Preprocessing and Starting Model Preparation for 3D Inversion of Marine CSEM Surveys (2008)

The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) method has been evolving into a geophysical imaging tool for increasingly complex geological settings. At the same time, 3D inversion algorithms for arbitrary survey layouts demand improved data quality compared to standard processing. Using a state-of-the-art survey acquired in the fall of 2007, we present a processing sequence starting from time-domain electromagnetic data acquired by seabed receivers to providing frequency domain data input and data weights for advanced processing. This includes determination and/or quality control of receiver orientation and time synchronization, and we show the quality of azimuthal receiver data to be adequate to be included in future inversions. Further, navigation data are adapted to a discretized grid upon determining the seafloor bathymetry. For missing or inadequate coverage from seismic surveys, the bathymetry can be extrapolated from navigation data with a spline-based algorithm, which is also described. It has proven beneficial, both in computational time and for recovering a meaningful model, to obtain a starting model for a full 3D inversion scheme by inverting reference receivers using a global, simulated annealing scheme, the result of which is imprinted onto the seafloor.
PATHWAYS OF GLUCOSE CATABOLISM IN <i>BACILLUS SUBTILIS</i> (1963)

Goldman, Manuel (The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) and Harold J. Blumenthal. Pathways of glucose catabolism in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 86:303-311. 1963.-Under aerobic conditions, resting cells of Bacillus subtilis Marburg C4 catabolized 60 to 70% of glucose by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the remainder by the hexose monophosphate pathway; under anaerobic conditions, the percentages were 70 to 80 and 20 to 30, respectively. These estimates, based on two different radio-isotopic procedures, were the same whether the cells were grown in a glucose medium containing a complex, organic nitrogen source (C cells) or a simple inorganic nitrogen source (S cells). In C cells, respiration was inhibited by fluoride, whereas S cells were relatively insensitive to this influence. Factors such as the initial concentration of inorganic phosphate or glucose during growth, and the concentration of inorganic phosphate or even the presence of fluoride during glucose utilization by resting cells, had no major effects on the pathways of glucose catabolism. From an examination of the isotopic distribution in an isolated intermediate, lactic acid, it seems unlikely that the radioisotopic estimates were influenced by such other factors as participation of an Entner-Doudoroff pathway, extensive randomization of C(1) activity into other positions of the hexose molecule, or extensive CO(2) fixation.
An incremental mechanism for schema evolution in engineering domains (2003)

The authors focus on one class of schema revisions necessitated by a very basic phenomenon: a given individual object evolves into a family of objects which are similar to it in many ways. This is commonly called the version problem. In theoretical terms, one can handle the above schema change in the standard, object-oriented database models by the interposition of suitable abstractions into the existing type lattice. There are practical and engineering difficulties with such schema changes. The authors propose an incremental mechanism called instance inheritance which is well suited to handling the schema changes without the attendant practical costs. The authors formally characterize this augmentation to the standard database models, and show examples of its applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Écoulements pulsés dans les tuyaux viscoélastiques. Application a l'étude de la circulation sanguine (1974)

Afin d'avoir une meilleure compréhension de la transmission d'ondes artificielles superposées à l'écoulement pulsé sanguin dans les artères, il est présenté un modèle théorique de la propagation des ondes de pression dans un fluide visqueux incompressible. Ce fluide est contenu dans un tuyau viscoélastique (isotrope, homogène et soumis à des contraintes statiques). On en néglige, dans une première approche, les mouvements azimutaux. Dans cette analyse, la linéarisation des équations de la dynamique du fluide et du mouvement de la paroi (considérée comme une membrane mince) est effectuée en supposant que l'amplitude des ondes artificielles est petite. Cette hypothèse permet de négliger non seulement les termes convectifs dans les équations de l'hydrodynamique mais aussi les non-linéarités dans les relations contraintes-déformations de la paroi. On obtient ainsi une équation transcendante, valable dans une large gamme de fréquences et longueurs d'onde, qui traduit les propriétés de dispersion et d'atténuation des ondes dans le système considéré. Dans le cas des grandes longueurs d'onde par rapport au rayon du tube (supposé purement élastique dans un premier temps) cette équation de dispersion est analysée numériquement et les résultats sont confrontés aux conclusions de précédents travaux théoriques. Un accent particulier est porté sur l'influence des paramètres tensions longitudinales et azimutales statiques sur la dispersion et l'atténuation des deux modes propres du système.
Novel Synthesis of 1-(1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro-<i>s</i>-indacen-4-yl)-3-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-furan-2-sulfonyl]urea, an Anti-inflammatory Agent (2003)

Abstract A novel synthesis of the anti-inflammatory agent 1-(1,2,3,5,6,7- hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)-3-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-furan-2-sulfonyl] urea 1 is described. Sulfonamide 5 was prepared starting from ethyl 3-furoate 2. Key steps were a one-pot sulfonylation with chlorosulfonic acid in methylene chloride followed by pyridinium salt formation and reaction with phosphorus pentachloride to provide ethyl 2-(chlorosulfonyl)-4-furoate 7. This sulfonyl chloride was treated with ammonium bicarbonate to form sulfonamide 8, followed by treatment with excess methyl magnesium chloride to provide 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-furan-2-sulfonamide 5. 4-Isocyanato-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacene 16 was prepared from indan in five steps. The formation of the desired sulfonyl urea was carried out both with the isolated isocyanate 16 and via an in situ method.
More evidence that fusion works (1975)

Some results from laser-driven implosion experiments are described. Some neutron yield measurements are given along with computer simulation diagrams of imploding targets. (MOW)
Plasma Proteome Profiles Associated with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome and the Early Onset of Metabolic Syndrome in a Pig Model (2013)

Obesity and related diabetes are important health threatening multifactorial metabolic diseases and it has been suggested that 25% of all diabetic patients are unaware of their patho-physiological condition. Biomarkers for monitoring and control are available, but early stage predictive biomarkers enabling prevention of these diseases are still lacking. We used the pig as a model to study metabolic disease because humans and pigs share a multitude of metabolic similarities. Diabetes was chemically induced and control and diabetic pigs were either fed a high unsaturated fat (Mediterranean) diet or a high saturated fat/cholesterol/sugar (cafeteria) diet. Physiological parameters related to fat metabolism and diabetes were measured. Diabetic pigs' plasma proteome profiles differed more between the two diets than control pigs plasma proteome profiles. The expression levels of several proteins correlated well with (patho)physiological parameters related to the fat metabolism (cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, NEFA) and diabetes (Glucose) and to the diet fed to the animals. Studying only the control pigs as a model for metabolic syndrome when fed the two diets showed correlations to the same parameters but now more focused on insulin, glucose and abdominal fat depot parameters. We conclude that proteomic profiles can be used as a biomarker to identify pigs with developing metabolic syndrome (prediabetes) and diabetes when fed a cafeteria diet. It could be developed into a potential biomarkers for the early recognition of metabolic diseases.
DC Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Utilizing the High T<sub>c</sub> Step-Edge Junction (1991)

An artificial step-edge junction for developing the high T c weak links is presented. The step-edge junction is fabricated by using the step edge of the double layer of the epitaxial YBaCuO films. The dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) made of the junction shows a clear voltage-vs-flux ( V -Φ) relation up to T =81.3 K. The voltage modulation depth Δ V of the V -Φ relation is Δ V =1.6 µV at T =77 K. A preliminary experiment shows that the magnetic-flux noise of the SQUID at T =77 K is, at most, Φ n =4.4×10 -4 Φ 0 /√Hz at f =10 Hz. These results show the promising properties of the step-edge junction for the weak link of high T c superconductors.
Avant-propos (2015)

C e numro thmatique est la concrtisation d'un travail entam il y a deux ans et demi lors d'un sminaire de recherche intitul Le temps en pratiques : reprsenter les dynamiques en SHS 1 . Une premire tape dont il s'est progressivement mancip pour gagner en qualit tout en affinant son ambition. Un travail dont le point de dpart est la conviction en l'imprieuse ncessit pour les chercheurs de bnficier d'espaces o discuter de notions, thories et concepts qui traversent et dpassent les clivages disciplinaires et thmatiques. Alors que la recherche en sciences sociales contemporaine est travaille par un processus d'hyperspcialisation et d'injonction l'empirisme 2,
Synthetic Studies of Complex Immunostimulants from <i>Quillaja saponaria</i>:  Synthesis of the Potent Clinical Immunoadjuvant QS-21A<sub>a</sub><sub>pi</sub> (2006)

QS-21 is one of the most promising new adjuvants for immune response potentiation and dose-sparing in vaccine therapy given its exceedingly high level of potency and its favorable toxicity profile. Melanoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, HIV-1, and malaria are among the numerous maladies targeted in more than 80 recent and ongoing vaccine therapy clinical trials involving QS-21 as a critical adjuvant component for immune response augmentation. QS-21 is a natural product immunostimulatory adjuvant, eliciting both T-cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses with microgram doses. Herein is reported the synthesis of QS-21A(api) in a highly modular strategy, applying novel glycosylation methodologies to a convergent construction of the potent saponin immunostimulant. The chemical synthesis of QS-21 offers unique opportunities to probe its mode of biological action through the preparation of otherwise unattainable nonnatural saponin analogues.
The 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene pathway in preclinical models of cardiovascular disease (2010)

Leukotrienes (LTs) derived from 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity are most widely known for their actions during acute inflammation and asthma. 5-LO/LT pathway involvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis has come to the forefront based on provocative human genetic/population and animal studies leading to the hypothesis that this pathway promotes atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and myocardial infarction/reperfusion injury via increased leucocyte chemotaxis, vascular inflammation and enhanced permeability, and subsequent tissue/matrix degeneration. A series of pre-clinical studies have tested this hypothesis by means of genetic or pharmacological inhibition of either the LT biosynthesis axis (5-LO, 5-LO-activating protein, LTA(4) hydrolase, LTC(4) synthase) or the cognate LT receptors. Here, we summarize, compare, and analyse these animal studies and relate their findings to human disease pathogenesis. We draw a complex picture of 5-LO/LT participation in cardiovascular disorders, which is further complicated by marked differences between species. Moreover, we discuss how the cytokine footprint of the respective pathological conditions determines the expression level and hence, the contribution of components of the pathway to the overall disease state. Current knowledge implies a role for 5-LO and LTs during the early/acute phase of CVD, but our understanding of a putative 5-LO/LT involvement in more advanced stages of CVD is limited, thereby preventing simple extrapolation of findings from animal studies to humans.
Delayed luminescence induced by intersubband optical excitation in a charge transfer double quantum well structure (1997)

Photoluminescence processes in a novel GaAs double quantum well (DQW) structure were studied and found to be controlled by a 10 μm mid-infrared (MIR) light. In this DQW structure, photogenerated electron-hole pairs are normally separated into different wells and their radiative recombination is inhibited. However, when a MIR light pulse is supplied to induce an electron intersubband transition, electrons are efficiently transferred to the hole-rich well, resulting in a significant enhancement of luminescence. By time shifting the MIR pulse with respect to the light pulse for interband excitation, we demonstrated the generation of a delayed photoluminescence. Device potentials of this MIR to near-infrared conversion are discussed.
Down‐regulation of A1 adenosine receptors coupled to muscarinic K+ current in cultured guinea‐pig atrial myocytes. (1995)

1. Muscarinic K+ current (IK(ACh)) was measured in cultured atrial myocytes from hearts of adult guinea-pigs using whole-cell voltage clamp. IK(ACh) was activated by superfusion with solutions containing either acetylcholine (ACh) or adenosine (Ado), in saturating concentrations of 2 microM (ACh) and 1 mM (Ado), respectively. 2. In freshly isolated cells the amplitude of the current activated by Ado (IK(Ado)) was 58% (mean) of the current that was induced by ACh. In serum-free culture this relation, but also the absolute density of IK(ACh), remained fairly constant for up to 8 days. 3. If the culture medium was supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS, 5%) the relation IK(Ado)/IK(ACh) gradually decayed, reaching a value of less than 0.1 on days 7-8, whereas the response to ACh remained stable over this period of time. 4. After treatment of cells with FCS-containing medium, no recovery was observed upon FCS withdrawal for up to 4 days. 5. The effect of FCS on responsiveness to Ado was half-maximal at about 1% (v/v). The active principle can be dialysed (mol. mass exclusion: 10 kDa). It is not identical with an albumin-associated factor that has been shown to be a potent activator of atrial IK(ACh) upon acute superfusion. Loss of responsiveness to Ado was paralleled by a reduction of binding sites to the A1 adenosine receptor-specific radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX). 6. It is concluded that FCS contains a factor that causes down-regulation of A1 Ado receptors. The signalling pathway that leads to an increased opening activity of IK(ACh) channels and other receptors, such as the M2 muscarinic receptor, linked to this signalling pathway are not affected by this factor.
34.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Glasses‐Free 2D/3D Switchable Display Using a Unique Light Guide (2011)

Abstract We achieved a unique light guide that functions as both a parallax barrier and a backlight. We fabricated a LCD using this unique light guide that can be switched between 2D and multi‐view 3D modes. In addition to being based on a simple device that can be switched between 2D and 3D modes, our method provides extremely high‐quality displays of 2D and 3D images.
Radio-frequency plasma jet generator of singlet delta oxygen with high yield (2001)

O 2 (a 1 Δ g ) was generated in a flowing discharge of a radio-frequency (rf) hollow electrode. The radio frequency was 99.9 MHz and the rf power was 200 W. The discharge was done in the gas mixture O2:N2:NO=200:20:10 sccm and then it was chilled reactively by the mixture Ar:NO2=200:10 sccm. The O2(a 1Δg) relative yield of 32% was achieved at the pressure of 0.43 Torr. Usage of the mixtures O2:NO=200:100 sccm and Ar:NO2=100:100 sccm resulted in the O2(a 1Δg) yield of 25% at the pressure of 0.6–0.9 Torr. The effluent was mixed with molecular iodine in a far afterglow region and it was tested in an oxygen–iodine laser. The iodine flow rate was 0.3 mmol/min. A strong enhancement of atomic iodine spontaneous emission at the wavelength of 1315 nm was observed in the optical resonator.
Determination of Nitrazepam and Temazepam in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1983)

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of nitrazepam in plasma with temazepam as an internal standard is described here. Alternatively, this assay method can also be used to determine temazepam plasma concentrations with nitrazepam as the internal standard. Chloroform was used as an organic solvent for the extraction process. The percentage recoveries of nitrazepam and temazepam were 79% and 85%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the within-day precision of the assay procedure at a concentration equal to 50 ng/ml of nitrazepam was 2.4% (n = 5), and that for day-to-day precision at the same concentration was 4.7% (n = 5). Calibration curves for nitrazepam and temazepam were linear over their therapeutic ranges. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with this method after a single oral dose of 5 mg of nitrazepam in five normal subjects were comparable to results obtained in previous studies.
Human Serum Paraoxonase 1 Decreases Macrophage Cholesterol Biosynthesis (2003)

PON1 inhibits macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis and atherogenesis probably through its phospholipase-A2-like activity.
Continuous, high level production and excretion of a plasmid‐encoded protein by <i>Escherichia coli</i> in a two‐stage chemostat (1993)

The stable continuous overproduction of a plasmidencoded protein, beta-lactamase, for at least 50 days by Escherichia coli K-12, RB791(pKN), with release into the culture medium has been demonstrated in two-stage chemostats. The second-stage culture was continuously induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. Continuous expression of beta-lactamase could not be sustained with this strain in a single-stage chemostat because of cell death and selection for lac(-1) cells. Beta-lactamase production in the second stage was sensitive to the second-stage dilution rate and the distribution of the limiting substrate (i.e., glucose) between the first and second stages. The fraction of viable, excreting cells and the average copy number in the induced culture was measurably higher under those conditions of dilution rate and substrate distribution which yielded high beta-lactamase levels. The best operating conditions found at 20 degrees C were a first-stage dilution rate of 0.12 h(-1), a second-stage dilution rate of 0.03 h(-1), and equal glucose feed supplied to each stage. Enzymatically active beta-lactamase was produced at a level of 25% of total cellular protein with 90% excretion yielding 300 mg beta-lactamase/L that was 50% pure at an OD(600) < 6.
Investigation of Cu/TaN and Co/TaN Barrier-Seed Oxidation by Acidic and Alkaline Copper Electroplating Chemistry for Damascene Applications (2018)

International audience
Empirical Research on Price Discovery of the China’s Gold Futures Market Based on High-Frequency Data (2015)

This paper uses high-frequency data of China’s gold futures market and gold spot market to make empirical research on price discovery between them. We adopt Johansen co-integration regression test, vector error correct model and Granger causality test and other econometric methods .The result shows that there is co-integration relationship between China’s gold futures market and gold spot market, and they guide each other. This illustrates that the China’s gold futures market exists price discovery, which indicate China’s gold futures market has became more mature. Key words: High-frequency data; Futures market; Spot market; Price discovery