gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overproduction of glycogen in <i>Escherichia coli</i> blocked in the acetate pathway improves cell growth (1994)

Excessive production of acetate is a problem frequently encountered in aerobic high-cell-density fermentations of Escherichia coli. Here, we have examined genetic alterations resulting in glycogen overproduction as a possible means to direct the flux of carbon away from the acetate pool. Glycogen overaccumulation was achieved either by using a regulatory glgQ mutation or by transforming cells with a plasmid containing the glycogen biosynthesis genes glgC (encoding ADPG pyrophosphorylase) and glgA (encoding glycogen synthase) under their native promoter. Both strategies resulted in an approximately five-fold increase in glycogen levels but had no significant effect on acetate excretion. The glgC and glgA genes were then placed under the control of the isopropyl---D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible tac promoter, and this construct was used to stimulate glycogen production in a mutant defective in acetate biosynthesis due to deletion of the ack (acetate kinase) and pta (phosphotransacetylase) genes. If glycogen overproduction in the ack pta strain was induced during the late log phase, biomass production increased by 15 to 20% relative to uninduced controls. Glycogen overaccumulation had a significant influence on carbon partitioning: The output of carbon dioxide peaked earlier than in the control strain, and the levels of an unusual fermentation byproduct, pyruvate, were reduced. Exogenous pyruvate was metabolized more rapidly, suggesting higher activity of gluconeogenesis or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as a result of glycogen overproduction. Potential mechanisms of the observed metabolic alterations are discussed. Our results suggest that ack pta mutants over producing glycogen may be a suitable starting point for constructing E. coli strains with improved characteristics in high-cell-density fermentations.
Application of orthoferrites to domain-wall devices (1969)

Orthoferrites are of general formula RFeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> where R is any rare earth or yttrium. They are usually flux grown as large single crystals and then processed to provide platelets several mils in thickness. A high uniaxial anisotropy gives rise to a single unique easy magnetization direction parallel to the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</tex> axis above room temperature in all orthoferrites except SmFeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . A low saturation magnetization results from the canting of a pair of anti-parallel spin systems. Platelets prepared so that the easy axis of magnetization is normal to the planar surface display a serpentine domain pattern made visible by the Faraday effect. Under specific conditions cylindrical domains are observed. These domains, which in Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</inf> Tb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</inf> FeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> are as small as 0.8 mil in diameter, can be manipulated to perform memory and logic. Three techniques can be used to propagate cylindrical domains. The first uses a sequence of current pulses applied to a conductor array. The second requires an in-plane rotating field acting on a structured Permalloy pattern to generate traveling positive and negative poles. These poles selectively attract and repel a cylindrical domain and thereby control its motion. The movement of an inchworm most closely approximates the propagation mechanism of the third technique. Interacting a pulsating domain with a wedge-like Permalloy pattern results in a unidirectional movement.
Collision avoidance techniques for tele-operated and autonomous manipulators in overlapping workspaces (2008)

This paper describes the integration of several techniques for cooperative control of both tele-operated and autonomous redundant manipulators with overlapping workspaces. Motivating this research is a tele-operated surgical manipulator(s) supported by autonomous robot(s) that insert/remove items from the surgical workspace. The dynamic and unpredictable location of obstacles in a small workspace requires a complete strategy to avoid collisions when completing critical tasks and minimizes the need for user (i.e. the surgeon) intervention to make path planning decisions or resolve impasse situations. Three techniques are integrated into the decision-making for the manipulators: an intelligent and intuitive EEF velocity scaling, coordinated null-space optimization across affected manipulators, and collision detection. Central to all three techniques is an estimated time- to-collision formulation that combines distances between objects with their higher order properties, thus only objects currently moving towards each other are included in the collision avoidance techniques. The use of multiple techniques derived from the terms of a single metric results in a computationally efficient strategy for tele-operated and autonomous manipulators sharing the same workspace.
Amino acid metabolism and signalling pathways: potential targets in the control of infection and immunity (2021)

Defences to pathogens such as SarCoV2 in mammals involves interactions between immune functions and metabolic pathways to eradicate infection while preventing hyperinflammation. Amino acid metabolic pathways represent with other antimicrobial agent potential targets for therapeutic strategies. iNOS-mediated production of NO from Arg is involved in the innate inflammatory response to pathogens and NO overproduction can induce hyperinflammation. The two Arg-catabolising enzymes Arg1 and IDO1 reduce the hyperinflammation by an immunosuppressive effect via either Arg starvation (for Arg1) or via the immunoregulatory activity of the Arg-derived metabolites Kyn (for IDO1). In response to amino acid abundance mTOR activates the host protein translation and Coronaviruses use this machinery for their own protein synthesis and replication. In contrast GCN2, the sensor of amino acid starvation, activates pathways that restrict inflammation and viral replication. Gln depletion alters the immune response that become more suppressive, by favouring a regulatory T phenotype rather than a Th1 phenotype. Proliferating activated immune cells are highly dependent on Ser, activation and differentiation of T cells need enough Ser and dietary Ser restriction can inhibit their proliferation. Cys is strictly required for T-cell proliferation because they cannot convert Met to Cys. Restricting Met inhibits both viral RNA cap methylation and replication, and the proliferation of infected cells with an increased requirement for Met. Phe catabolism produces antimicrobial metabolites resulting in the inhibition of microbial growth and an immunosuppressive activity towards T lymphocytes.
A systematic approach for detecting high-frequency restriction fragment length polymorphisms using large genomic probes. (1985)

Thirteen phage clones containing low-copy sequences were isolated from a human DNA library and tested for their ability to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Reported are the RFLPs revealed with each clone, all found in frequencies useful for linkage studies. Cytological data are available for five of the 13 clones, with regional assignments made for three of the markers by in situ hybridization. It is concluded that phage clones containing large unique DNA inserts detect multiple RFLPs with high efficiency. An analysis of the relative efficiency of 20 restriction enzymes for detecting single nucleotide changes is discussed by comparing the observed data to those expected on the basis of recognition and potential site frequencies, as computed from the dinucleotide distribution. Finally, in an effort to facilitate linkage studies using polymorphic DNA sequences, experiments were made with pools of probes from various sources.
Valutazione dell'impatto ambientale e patrimonio culturale (2004)

The consideration of cultural heritage is explicit within the current EU legislation for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and EuropeanCommission advice indicates that the definition of cultural heritage should go further than just designated built heritage. However, there is great variation in the way in which cultural heritage is accounted for between the Member States and, at times, discrepancies between regions or Competent Authorities within individual countries. This paper will briefly outline the provisions of Directive 85/337/EEC as amended by 97/11/EC in relation to cultural heritage. It will then consider how well cultural heritage is accounted for within the European Union by examining the actual practice in the Member States, as reported by EIA practitioners, cultural heritage experts and people involved with the planning process. Common problems and concerns will then be identified and discussed. The research identifies three main issues: firstly, cultural heritage is mainly restricted to built heritage in studies and doesn't try to assess impacts on cultural identity, language, community cohesion etc.; secondly, the majority of practitioners felt that cultural heritage needs to be considered earlier in the EIA process and; thirdly, there is a need for better guidance on how best to consider the implications of proposals on cultural heritage in EIA.
Cascading outbreak prediction in networks (2013)

Cascades are ubiquitous in various network environments such as epidemic networks, traffic networks, water distribution networks and social networks. The outbreaks of cascades will often bring bad or even devastating effects. How to accurately predict the cascading outbreaks in early stage is of paramount importance for people to avoid these bad effects. Although there have been some pioneering works on cascading outbreaks detection, how to predict, rather than detect, the cascading outbreaks is still an open problem. In this paper, we attempt harnessing historical cascade data, propose a novel data driven approach to select important nodes as sensors, and predict the outbreaks based on the cascading behaviors of these sensors. In particular, we propose Orthogonal Sparse LOgistic Regression (OSLOR) method to jointly optimize node selection and outbreak prediction, where the prediction loss are combined with an orthogonal regularizer and L1 regularizer to guarantee good prediction accuracy, as well as the sparsity and low-redundancy of selected sensors. We evaluate the proposed method on a real online social network dataset including 182.7 million information cascades. The experimental results show that the proposed OSLOR significantly and consistently outperform topological measure based method and other data driven methods in prediction performances.
Progress in reducing nausea and emesis. Comparisons of ondansetron (zofran), granisetron (kytril), and tropisetron (navoban) (1995)

(1) The 5HT3 antiemetic agents have been shown to be clinically more effective in the control of nausea and emesis than previously used agents. (2) No one of the three has demonstrated consistently greater efficacy. (3) Efficacy appears to be more pronounced for cisplatin-containing regimens than for moderate or less emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. (4) Effectiveness of the 5HT3 agents appears to be less for delayed nausea and emesis than for acute symptoms. Potential control of anticipatory nausea and emesis has not been investigated. (5) Control over nausea appears to be significantly less than control over emesis. In the studies in which it has been measured, nausea control remains incomplete for approximately half the patients given 5HT3 agents. (6) The efficacy of the agents appears to diminish across repeated days and, perhaps, across repeated chemotherapy cycles. (7) The addition of a steroid such as dexamethasone increases the efficacy of both 5HT3 and other antiemetic agents. This effect also seems to apply to delayed nausea and emesis.
Differentially and Developmentally Regulated Expression of Three Rice Sucrose Synthase Genes (1999)

The spatial and temporal distribution of sucrose synthase (RSuS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied by Western and immunohistochemical analyses using the monospecific antibodies for three RSuS isoforms. In leaf tissues, RSuS1 was localized in the mesophyll while RSuS2 was in the phloem in addition to the mesophyll. In the roots, only RSuS1 was found in the phloem. No RSuS3 could be detected in any parts of etiolated seedlings. The expression of each RSus gene is closely linked to the seed development. RSuS1 was present in the aleurone layers of developing seeds, and at a low level in endosperm cells. RSuS2 was evenly distributed in seed tissues other than the endosperm. RSuS3 was localized predominantly in the endosperm cells. The tissue specific localizations of the three gene products suggest that RSuS1 plays a role in sugar transport into endosperm cells where the reaction catalyzed by RSuS3 provides the precursor of starch synthesis. RSus2, which is ubiquitously expressed, may play a housekeeping role.
TRIBUTE - A phase III trial of erlotinib HCl (OSI-774) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2004)

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Ion laser plasmas (1971)

The typical noble gas ion laser plasma consists of a high-current-density glow discharge in a noble gas, in the presence of a magnetic field. Typical CW plasma conditions are current densities of 100 to 2000 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , tube diameters of 1 to 10 mm, filling pressures of 0.1 to 1.0 torr, and an axial magnetic field of the order of 1000 G. Under these conditions the typical fractional ionization is about 2 percent and the electron temperature between 2 and 4 eV. Pulsed ion lasers typically use higher current densities and lower operating pressures. This paper discusses the properties of ion laser plasmas, in terms of both their external discharge parameters and their internal ion and excited state densities. The effect these properties have on laser operation is explained. Many interesting plasma effects, which are important in ion lasers, are given attention. Among these are discharge nonuniformity near tube constrictions, extremely high ion radial drift velocities, wall losses intermediate between ambipolar diffusion and free fall, gas pumping effects, and radiation trapping. The current status of ion laser technology is briefly reviewed.
Content Similarity Analysis of Written Comments under Posts in Social Media (2019)

Written comments to the posts on social media are an important metric to measure the followers' feedback to the content of the posts. But the huge presence of unrelated comments following each post can impact many parts of people engagement as well as the visibility of the actual post. Related comments to a post' s topic usually provide readers more insight into the post content and can attract their attention. On the other hand, unrelated comments distract them from the original topic of the post or disturb them by worthless content and can mislead or impact their opinion. In this paper, we propose an effective framework to measure the similarity of given comments to a post in terms of the content and distinguish the related and unrelated written comments to the actual post. Toward that end, the proposed framework enhances a novel feature engineering by combining a syntactical, topical, and semantical set of features and leveraging word embeddings approach. A machine learning-based classification approach is used to label related and unrelated comments of each post. The proposed framework is evaluated on a dataset of 33,921 comments written under 30 posts from BBC News agency page on Facebook. The evaluation indicates that our model achieves in average the precision of 86% in identifying related and unrelated comments with an improvement of 9.6% in accuracy in comparison with previous work, without relying on the entire article of the posts or external web pages' content related to each post. As a case study, the learned classifier is applied on a bigger dataset of 278,370 comments written under 332 posts and we observed almost 60% of the written comments are not related to the actual posts' content. Investigating the content of both group of related and unrelated comments regarding the topics of their actual posts shows that most of the related comments are objective and they discuss the posts' content in terms of topics whereas unrelated comments usually contain subjective and very general words expressing feedback without any focus on the subject of the posts.
Clinical applications of electrogastrography. (1993)

Recently, electrogastrography (EGG) has received more and more attention. While gastroenterologists are interested in its clinical applications, concerns remain regarding the reliability and analysis of the EGG and the correlation between the EGG and gastric motility. The aims of this paper are to address these concerns and to review the potential clinical applications of the EGG. The following areas are discussed, based on the literature and our own experience with EGG: the refined method for the measurement of the EGG, the advanced techniques for quantitative analyses of the EGG, the reliability of the EGG in measuring gastric myoelectrical activity, the correlation between the EGG and gastric motility, and applications of the EGG in clinical gastroenterology.
Bots and Automation over Twitter during the Second U.S. Presidential Debate (2016)

Bots are social media accounts that automate interaction with other users, and political bots have been particularly active on public policy issues, political crises, and elections. We collected data on bot activity using the major hashtags related to the U.S. Presidential debate. In this brief analysis we find that (1) Twitter traffic on pro-Trump hashtags was roughly double that of the pro-Clinton hashtags, (2) about one third of the pro-Trump twitter traffic was driven by bots and highly automated accounts, compared to one quarter of the pro-Clinton twitter traffic, (3) the significant rise of Twitter traffic around debate time is mostly from real users who generate original tweets using the more neutral hashtags. In short, Twitter is much more actively pro-Trump than pro-Clinton and more of the pro-Trump twitter traffic is driven by bots, but a significant number of (human) users still use Twitter for relatively neutral political expression in critical moments.
Infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Washington State. The first year of statewide disease surveillance. (1989)

In 1987, Washington became the first state to require that infection with Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 be reported. In the first year of surveillance, 93 cases were reported, yielding an annual incidence of 2.1 cases per 100,000 population. The median age of case patients was 14 years (range, 11 months to 78 years), with the highest attack rate among children younger than 5 years (6.1 cases per 100,000 population per year). Bloody diarrhea was present in 95% of reported cases, 12% of patients developed either hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and one patient died. Suspected secondary cases were seen in 5% of households. Fifty-six (60%) cases occurred during June through September, as did 73% of the cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Cases reported during the summer months were more likely than cases reported at other times of the year to be in children younger than 10 years. Medications, including antimicrobial medications, did not influence the duration of symptoms, nor did they appear to alter the risk of developing hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This newly established surveillance system in Washington demonstrates that E coli O157:H7 is an important and common cause of bloody diarrhea in the United States.
Development of Knowledge-based System for Personalized Medicine by Utilizing Haplotype Gene Mapping (2013)

Personalized Medicine has attracted many intentions due to its role for identifying complex disease before clinical symptoms emerging. This new medical treatment diagnoses patients’ potential disease based on information contained in their gene. Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) is a computer system that can support personalized medicine by providing individual gene information regarding potential complex disease. Gene mapping is one method to extract information about disease-related- genetic data based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP, e.g. single marker) or Haplotype (e.g. multi marker). Although single marker approach is considered accurate, however multiple markers can improve the significance result, especially for complex diseases. This research explores the benefit of haplotype information to obtain multiple markers for complex disease. After that, we develop KBS for supporting personalized medicine by integrating gene mapping to the systems. The system is called KeBHap that is developed by integrating haplotype gene mapping into previous KBS called KBSNP which works based on SNP.
EE&RE, Session: CdTe - Progress and Roadmap Alignment (Presentation) (2008)

This project supports the Solar America Initiative by: (1) assistance to SAI Incubators (Primestar Solar, AvA Solar); (2) providing industry with baseline understanding of CdS/CdTe device formation and reliability--incorporation of low-cost, high quality TCOs, functionality and options for buffer layers, effect of various CdS options, effect of and importance CdSTe alloy formation, effect and options for CdCl{sub 2} treatment, effect and options for back contact, and effect of residual impurities during all stages of device formation; (3) understanding modes and mechanisms of cell-level stability; and (4) establishment of CdTe PDIL Tool for rapid material and process screening.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Different Soy‐Based Polyols by Ring Opening of Epoxidized Soybean Oil with Methanol, 1,2‐Ethanediol and 1,2‐Propanediol (2009)

Abstract Three soy‐based polyols intended for application in polyurethanes were prepared by ring opening the epoxy groups in epoxidized soybean oil (ESO, 0.385 mol/100 g epoxy rings) with methanol, 1,2‐ethanediol and 1,2‐propanediol in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid catalyst. The effect of the different opening reaction reagents, different low molecular weight alcohols, on the polyols was investigated by spectroscopic, chemical and physical methods. The viscosities, viscous‐flow activation energies, molecular weight and melting point of the samples increased in the following order: polyol (3) > polyol (2) > polyol (1) > ESO [polyol (1); polyol (2) and polyol (3) represented the samples synthesized from the same epoxidized soybean oil generated by opening reactions with methanol, 1,2‐ethanediol and 1,2‐propanediol, respectively]. All the samples were crystalline solids below their melting temperature, displaying multiple melting point peaks. Compared with polyol (1), polyol (2) had a primary hydroxyl group, promoting the reactive activity of the polyol with isocyanates; polyol (3) contained large numbers of hydroxy groups, improving the properties of polyurethanes.