gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ARTERIAL KETONE BODY RATIO AS AN EARLY INDICATOR OF GRAFT VIABILITY IN HUMAN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1991)

Arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) was measured sequentially in 84 liver transplantations (OLTx). These transplantation procedures were classified into 3 groups with respect to graft survival and patient condition at the end of the first month (Group A, the grafts survived longer than 1 month with satisfactory patient condition; Group B, the grafts survived longer than 1 month but the patients were ICU-bound; Group C, the grafts were lost and the patients died or underwent re-OLTx). In Group A, the AKBR was elevated to above 1.0 by the second postoperative day. In Group B, the AKBR was elevated to above 0.7 but stayed below 1.0 during this period. In Group C, the AKBR remained below 0.7 longer than 2 days after operation. Although conventional liver function tests showed significant increases in Groups B and C as compared with Group A, they were less specific in predicting ultimate graft survival.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers by <i>in situ</i> annealing the Ta/Cu under-layers (2013)

The perpendicular magnetic properties of glass/Ta/Cu/[Co/Ni]4/Ta multilayers can be efficiently tuned by in situ pre-annealing the Ta/Cu under-layers at various temperatures (TCu) before the deposition of the Co/Ni stack. As a result of the co-effect of fcc(111) texture and Cu surface roughness, the perpendicular anisotropy Ku and coercivity Hc⊥ exhibit a similar non-monotonous dependence on the TCu, showing minimum values at TCu = 100 °C and maxima at 400 °C for Ku while at 550 °C for Hc⊥. By in situ annealing the under-layers at 550 °C and then post-annealing the whole stack at 250 °C, the Hc⊥ value can be significantly enhanced from 139 Oe up to 620 Oe, which is important for spintronic applications.
Role of engineers in the sustainable development of aquaculture industry (2011)

During the last century, fishery sector made a significant development, mainly, with the advent of knowledge in fishery science. However, the progress is still not upto the mark and not comparable to that of developed countries. Even India lags much behind China in terms of yield and total production. In the fifties scientists and planners realized the importance of engineering intervention for the development of the agriculture sector of the country. Similarly, in the eighties the need of engineering intervention for the development of the fishery sector of the country was felt. Engineering knowledge can help in the site selection, planning and design of an aquacultural farm including its components such as sluice gates, dykes, canals and other structures. The hatchery and its components also require proper engineering design. In addition, engineering intervention can help in different culture techniques and management of fish and prawn farms and hatcheries, design and operation of fishing crafts and gear for harvesting, preseration, processing, transport and marketing of fish and fishery products. Apart from this, knowledge of fishery engineering can be useful in aquaculture system and management practices, aeration systems, filtration systems, water management, breeding and hatchery systems, fishing gear and crafts, remote sensing and GIS applications in aquaculture, fish and feed processing and aquatic ecosystem and environment management. Engineering intervention needed for sustainability of fish production of the country is briefly presented in this paper.
$N-protractor: a fast and accurate multistroke recognizer (2012)

Prior work introduced $N, a simple multistroke gesture recognizer based on template matching, intended to be easy to port to new platforms for rapid prototyping, and derived from the unistroke $1 recognizer. $N uses an iterative search method to find the optimal angular alignment between two gesture templates, like $1 before it. Since then, Protractor has been introduced, a unistroke pen and finger gesture recognition algorithm also based on templatematching and $1, but using a closed-form template-matching method instead of an iterative search method, considerably improving recognition speed over $1. This paper presents work to streamline $N with Protractor by using Protractor’s closed-form matching approach, and demonstrates that similar speed benefits occur for multistroke gestures from datasets from multiple domains. We find that the Protractor enhancements are over 91% faster than the original $N, and negligibly less accurate (&lt;0.2%). We also discuss the impact that the number of templates, the input speed, and input method (e.g., pen vs. finger) have on recognition accuracy, and examine the most confusable gestures.
Deciphering the mechanisms of cellular uptake of engineered nanoparticles by accurate evaluation of internalization using imaging flow cytometry (2013)

The integrative approach we propose here using the innovative imaging flow cytometry combined with confocal microscopy could be used to identify the physico-chemical characteristics of NPs involved in their uptake in view to redesign safe NPs.
A meta-analysis of association between acne vulgaris and Demodex infestation (2012)

直到现在，粉刺 vulgaris 的病原学仍然是不明确的。尽管临床医生们通常否认在 Demodex 群袭和粉刺 vulgaris 之间的协会，它在一些临床的惯例被证明了。证实在 Demodex 群袭和粉刺 vulgaris 之间的协会，元分析被进行。预定义的选择标准被使用寻找在知识， MEDLINE，和中国知识基础结构(CNKI ) 的 ISI 网分析了在 Demodex 群袭和粉刺 vulgaris (到 2011 年 8 月的 1950 年 1 月) 之间的协会的所有出版报纸数据库。元分析被执行基于固定效果模型或随机的效果模型计算机会比率(ORs ) 和 95% 信心间隔(CI ) 。我们注册了在这元分析的报纸，包括学生和居民在中国和 42 130 个参加者盖住土耳其和 25 个不同省 / 自治市，从 1 ～ 78 年变老的 60 汉语和 3 英语。分享或在随机的效果模型是 2.80 (95% CI， 2.343.36 ) 。稳定性根据敏感分析是柔韧的。设有自动保险装置数字是 18 477，建议有否定结论的至少 18 477 篇文章将被需要颠倒粉刺 vulgaris 与 Demodex 群袭有关的结论。出版偏爱的效果因此是不足道的并且能被忽略。粉刺 vulgaris 与 Demodex 群袭被联系，这被结束。这显示当为粉刺 vulgaris 的常规治疗是无效的时， Demodex 螨和必要 acaricidal 治疗的检查应该被考虑。
Mutation in the gene encoding the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3 in Korean children with achondroplasia (1998)

This consistent point mutation of Korean children with ACH indicates there is no significant racial difference in the pathogenesis of ACH, compared with data from Caucasian and Japanese children with ACH.
Three-phase partitioning as an elegant and versatile platform applied to nonchromatographic bioseparation processes (2017)

In recent years, a big trend has been the development of rapid, green, efficient, economical, and scalable approaches for the separation and purification of bioactive molecules from natural sources, which can be used in food, cosmetics, and medicine. As a new nonchromatographic bioseparation technology, three-phase partitioning (TPP) is attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers. Although a number of studies have been published in the last 40 years regarding the extraction, separation, and purification of numerous bioactive molecules using TPP systems, a background review on TPP partitioning fundamentals and its applications is much needed. Therefore, the present review focuses in detail on the TPP separation process, including the definition of TPP, partitioning mechanisms, parameters for establishing the suitable condition to form precipitate such as concentration of ammonium sulfate, content of tert-butanol, pH and temperature, and the application for separation and purification of protein, enzyme, plant oil, polysaccharide, and other small molecule organic compounds. In addition, the possible directions of future developments in TPP technology are discussed. The review presents a good opportunity, as well as a challenge for scientists, to understand the detailed partitioning rule and to take better use of TPP for the production and separation of various bioactive molecules, which have been intensively applied in the food and medical fields.
Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocelectomy—An Experience of 327 Operations in 224 Patients (2010)

Varicocele is associated with male infertility and/or scrotal pain. Microsurgical varicocelectomy provides advantages of reliable identification of spermatic vessels and has been advocated as the gold standard procedure for varicocele repair. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome after microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in patients with varicocele associated infertility or scrotal pain. A total of 224 men underwent 327 operations of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy at a single university hospital because of infertility or painful scrotum. The diagnosis of varicocele was based on the findings of physical examination. The vast majority of the surgeries were performed on an outpatient basis. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative semen analysis or pain scale evaluation. For the 114 infertile patients who underwent varicocelectomy, significant improvements were noted between pre- and postoperative mean sperm count and total motile sperm count. Patients who received bilateral surgery had greater improvement than patients who received unilateral surgery. Repair of larger varicocele was associated with postoperative sperm count changes. Induction of spermatogenesis was observed in at least two of 11 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The overall semen improvement rate (improvement index, >0.5) was 70.2% and the 1-year spontaneous pregnancy rate was 33.3%. Of the 102 patients with painful scrotum, 66 patients (64.7%) reported complete resolution of pain, 30 patients (29.4%) had partial resolution, and no change was claimed in six patients (5.9%). For all patients, the pre-and postoperative mean verbal pain scale were 5.8 ±0.4 and 1.2 ± 0.4, respectively (p <0.001). Postoperatively, four patients were found to have varicocele recurrence, four patients had epididymal discomfort, and three patients had transient hydrocele. Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy provides a minimally invasive and effective therapy to varicocele repair with significant improvements in semen quality and scrotal discomfort, and a low incidence of morbidity.
Nutrition and adult inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

Major advances in the understanding of the aetio-pathogenesis and genetics of inflammatory bowel disease have been accompanied by an escalation in the sophistication of immunomodulatory inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics. However, the basic 'triple' therapy (5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, azathioprine) and nutrition have maintained their central role in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease over recent decades. This review provides an overview of the supportive and therapeutic perspectives of nutrition in adult inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of supportive nutrition is to correct malnutrition in terms of calorie intake or specific macro- or micronutrients. Of particular clinical relevance is deficiency in calcium, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B12 and zinc. There is justifiably a growing sense of unease amongst clinicians and patients with regard to the long-term use of corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease. This, rather than arguments about efficacy, should be the catalyst for revisiting the use of enteral nutrition as primary treatment in Crohn's disease. Treatment failure is usually related to a failure to comply with enteral nutrition. Potential factors that militate against successful completion of enteral nutrition are feed palatability, inability to stay on a solid-free diet for weeks, social inconvenience and transient feed-related adverse reactions. Actions that can be taken to improve treatment outcome include the provision of good support from dietitians and clinicians for the duration of treatment and the subsequent 'weaning' period. There is evidence to support a gradual return to a normal diet through exclusion-re-introduction or other dietary regimen following the completion of enteral nutrition to increase remission rates. We also review the evidence for emerging therapies, such as glutamine, growth factors and short-chain fatty acids. The future may see the evolution of enteral nutrition into an important therapeutic strategy, and the design of a 'Crohn's disease-specific formulation' that is individually tailored, acceptable to patients, cost-effective, free from adverse side-effects and combines enteral nutrition with novel pre- and pro-biotics and other factors.
Nucleosidsynthesen, VII. Eine einfache Synthese von 2‐Thiopyrimidin‐nucleosiden (1973)

Abstract Silylierte 2‐Thiouracile reagieren mit acylierten Halogenzuckern in Gegenwart von Silberperchlorat in Benzol in hohen Ausbeuten zu den acylierten 2‐Thiopyrimidin‐nucleosiden. Analog werden 2‐Thiocytidin und 2‐Thiouridin‐5‐essigsäure‐methylester, zwei seltene Nucleoside aus t‐RNA, dargestellt. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wird diskutiert.
Introduction: the Psychoanalytic Labyrinth (2008)

Intervening in contemporary debates about psychoanalysis, this book emerges from the post-structuralist account of Freud, especially as it was undertaken by Jacques Derrida — but not without some scepticism towards that account, especially its celebration of apparent failures of meaning that are, rather paradoxically, presented as a sort of hedonistic melancholy. Having particular value as a practice of close reading (though one which tends to be amplified philosophically), the post-structuralist account has shown above all how internally complex Freud's writings are. To quote Leo Bersani: 'philosophers, psychoanalysts, and literary critics have convincingly made it seem very naive to take what might be termed the official Freud literally.'1 Rather than being a quasi-scientific explanation of general psychological functioning — or at least in addition to that — it becomes possible to redescribe Freud's work as an especially intricate and labyrinthine series of writings whose patterns of rhetoric and argument put into question their own concepts and conclusions. As Tom Conley puts it, Freud's writing 'works through a gnostic rationale by the myriad ways that it rides along the paradoxes its expression puts forward as emblems, conundrums, or other shapes of wit.'2 The readings of Freud in this book constitute a wide-ranging attempt to explore some of these emblems and conundrums.KeywordsPsychoanalytic TheoryFigurative LanguageFreudian PsychoanalysisArchive FeverPsychoanalytic TermThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Isoproterenol Inhibits Insulin‐Stimulated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Insulin Receptor Without Increasing its Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation (1995)

The effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) on the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor was studied in intact adipocytes. Isoproterenol treatment rapidly (5 min) inhibited the insulin-induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor on tyrosine residues in intact adipocytes. The effect of insulin on the phosphorylation of cellular proteins on tyrosine residues was also inhibited by isoproterenol. In order to understand the mechanism responsible for this inhibition, two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of the insulin receptor was performed. The pattern of phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in freshly isolated adipocytes showed marked differences from that previously observed in cultured cells overexpressing insulin receptors. These differences include a larger proportion of receptors being phosphorylated on the three tyrosines from the kinase domain and no apparent phosphorylation of the two tyrosines close to the C-terminus after insulin stimulation. Isoproterenol markedly inhibited the effect of insulin on the phosphorylation of the three tyrosines from the kinase domain. However, this inhibition was not associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of serine/threonine peptides. Thus, this direct analysis of insulin receptor phosphorylation sites in intact adipocytes does no support the idea that beta-adrenegic agents inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor through a serine/threonine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism.
Schemes for the optimization of chest radiography using a computer model of the patient and x‐ray imaging system (2001)

A computer program has been developed to model chest radiography. It incorporates a voxel phantom of an adult and includes antiscatter grid, radiographic screen, and film. Image quality is quantified by calculating the contrast (deltaOD) and the ideal observer signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(I)) for a number of relevant anatomical details at various positions in the anatomy. Detector noise and system unsharpness are modeled and their influence on image quality is considered. A measure of useful dynamic range is computed and defined as the fraction of the image that is reproduced at an optical density such that the film gradient exceeds a preset value. The effective dose is used as a measure of the radiation risk for the patient. A novel approach to patient dose and image quality optimization has been developed and implemented. It is based on a reference system acknowledged to yield acceptable image quality in a clinical trial. Two optimizations schemes have been studied, the first including the contrast of vessels as measure of image quality and the second scheme using also the signal-to-noise ratio of calcifications. Both schemes make use of our measure of useful dynamic range as a key quantity. A large variety of imaging conditions was simulated by varying the tube voltage, antiscatter device, screen-film system, and maximum optical density in the computed image. It was found that the optical density is crucial in screen-film chest radiography. Significant dose savings (30%-50%) can be accomplished without sacrificing image quality by using low-atomic-number grids with a low grid ratio or an air gap and more sensitive screen-film system. Dose-efficient configurations proposed by the model agree well with the example of good radiographic technique suggested by the European Commission.
End-stage renal disease in African-Americans. (2000)

The African-American community comprises approximately 12.4% of the total American population, but they account for 30.8% of patients diagnosed with end stage renal disease (ESRD). This article focuses first on theories explaining the high prevalence of ESRD in African-Americans. Two major causes of ESRD, hypertension and Type II diabetes, and their relationship to African-Americans are explored. Morbidity, familial risk and new incidences are addressed. Lastly, a screening project for African-Americans at risk for ESRD is proposed.
A Dimensioning Study for UMTS Core Networks (2010)

Current literature provides many practical tools and theoretical methods to design, plan, and dimension Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio networks but overlooks the algorithms of network planning and dimensioning for core networks of GSM, UMTS and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). This paper introduces an algorithm for traffic, bandwidth and throughput dimensioning of the network entities in the UMTS core network, based on the traffic and throughput generated or absorbed in the interfaces of the network entities. A case study is provided to verify the algorithms created for UMTS core network. This paper helps UMTS network operators dimension and build an optimum network to deliver the best quality of service for users. The algorithms developed in the paper have been successfully applied in dimensioning a nationwide UMTS network in North Africa and adopted in an optimization tool by a mobile operator in the United States in 2008-2009.
Introduction (1996)

The real world begins here, though the contents page of this book contains no reference to an actual place or event in international history. But the reader should not be thereby misled into thinking that this is one of those books about something called ‘theory’ which is removed from what is usually understood to be the ‘real’ world. This book, we would argue, is fundamentally concerned with places like Bosnia and Rwanda, and with events such as world wars and also with the prospects for world politics in the twenty-first century. Even if – in these pages – these issues are mentioned only briefly, they are what we think the discipline is about. What we think about these events and possibilities, and what we think we can do about them, depends in a fundamental sense on how we think about them. In short, our thinking about the ‘real’ world, and hence our practices, is directly related to our theories. So, as people interested in and concerned about the real world, we must be interested in and concerned about theory: What are the legacies of past theories? Whose facts have been most important in shaping our ideas? Whose voices are overlooked? What can we know and how can we know it? Where is theory going? Who are we? The real world is constituted by the dominant answers to these and other theoretical questions.
Original Article : Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Turbinate Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2011)

We investigated the capacity for osteoblastic differentiation in human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cells (hTMSCs). Specifically, we compared osteogenic media (OM) containing 10 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D3), 100 nM Vit D, or 100 ng/mL bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 to determine if Vit D3 was an ideal substitute for BMP-2 as an induction agent for the osteogenesis of hTMSCs. We isolated hTMSCs from inferior turbinate tissue discarded during surgery. The expression of surface markers for MSCs was assessed by fluorescentactivated cell sorting analysis (FACS). Osteogenic differentiation of hTMSCs was identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining, and was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as type I collagen, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osterix. ALP assays to compare mineralization and real-time quantitation of mRNA of OC and BSP were also performed. Surface epitope analysis revealed that hTMSCs were suitable for surface markers expression of MSCs. ALP and alizarin red S staining revealed that osteogenically differentiated cells that were induced by OM without Vit D3 or BMP-2 were mineralized in vitro. We could not find a difference in osteogenic potential among the groups treated with Vit D3 or BMP-2 by ALP assay and real-time PCR. These findings suggest that hTMSCs are apparently redirected toward the osteogenic phenotype by in vitro culture under specific conditions using bone-formation stimulating factors and their osteogenic potentials are superior to other tissues originating from MSCs.
[Mechanism of the effect of LPSp on the production of anti-HBs in mice]. (2007)

LPSp can act as the adjuvant of HBsAg and effectively increase the anti-HBS in the mice immunized by HBsAg. LPSp can activate macrophages and stimulate HBsAg-pulsed macrophages to induce the production of IL-4 of lymph node cells.
On Approximating Linear Array Factors (1963)

A study of electronically scanned radars. For such systems, it is desirable to use equally excited elements on transmission and equal weights on reception. Sidelobes are controlled by "space taper" (unequal spacing) rather than by amplitude taper. The memorandum considers the least-mean-square comparison of directivity patterns of line sources having different illumination distributions and, in particular, the approximation of a given directive pattern by means of equally excited but unequally spaced antenna elements