gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a polyamine transport deficient cell line from the human non‐small cell lung carcinoma line NCI H157 (1996)

In an effort to study the mechanism underlying the observed phenotype-specific response of human lung cancer cell lines to a polyamine analogue, N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine(BESpm), we have isolated a BESpm resistant cell line from the BESpm-sensitive large cell lung carcinoma line NCIH157. The mutant line exhibits identical growth rates in the presence or absence of the analogue. However, the overall growth of mutant cells reaches stationary phase earlier than that of the parental cells. In contrast to the parental cells, where a superinduction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is associated with BESpm toxicity, treatment of this resistant line with BESpm did not induce SSAT mRNA or enzyme activity. BESpm treatment was not effective in depleting the intracellular polyamine pools and very low intracellular BESpm levels were detected. This BESpm resistance is not mediated by multidrug resistance (MDR) protein, since these cells maintain their sensitivity to the antineoplastic agent adriamycin. Treatment of these cells with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an AdoMetDC inhibitor which enters cell using polyamine transport system, shows no inhibition of cell growth. Our data suggest that these mutant cells are deficient in polyamine transport. Consistent with this hypothesis, exogenous polyamines did not prevent difluoromethylomithine (DFMO) induced growth inhibition in the mutant cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between K-ras Oncogene Activation and Smoking in Adenocarcinoma of the Human Lung (1991)

To investigate a possible relationship between the exposure to tobacco smoke and the presence of ras point mutations, we examined lung adenocarcinoma samples from 27 smokers and from 27 nonsmokers. Activating point mutations in K-ras (also known as KRAS2) and N-ras (also known as NRAS) were determined by using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization to detect the mutated sequences. Mutations were more often found in adenocarcinomas obtained from smokers (eight of 27) than in adenocarcinomas obtained from nonsmokers (two of 27) (P = .044, Fisher's exact test). All mutations were present in K-ras codon 12. None of the other parameters examined differed significantly between the ras-positive and ras-negative groups. We conclude that exposure to carcinogenic agents in tobacco smoke is an important factor in the induction of point mutations in K-ras in human lung adenocarcinomas, but that K-ras mutations may also infrequently occur in tumors of non-smokers.
A biochemical and molecular study of lignin biosynthesis (2009)

The objective of the first half of this thesis was to develop an efficient and sensitive method to detect lignin in intact tissues using confocal laser scanning microscopy and to characterize the timing and quality of lignin deposited during Arabidopsis thaliana development. Lignin could first be detected 48h post-imbibition. During subsequent development, lignification of vasculature proceeded in a temporally coordinated manner, with lignin deposition closely following secondary wall thickening in vascular elements, in a cell-by-cell sequence. A spatially and temporally distinct pattern of syringyl lignin deposition was observed along the developing stem. Syringyl type lignin appeared only once fiber differentiation was initiated at day 21. The second half of the thesis is dedicated to identification, purification and characterization of a coniferin specific P-glucosidase from Pinus contorta xylem, and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. Coniferin accumulates to high levels during cambial reactivation, and a cinnamyl alcohol glucoside/ p-glucosidase system is thought to play a key role in lignification in gymnosperm tissues. However, evidence for the existence of P-glucosidases specific for cinnamyl alcohol glucosides in lignifying xylem has not been conclusive. Using a range of synthetic aromatic P-glucosides and coniferin as substrates, two major P-glucosidases present in total extractable xylem protein were identified. The enzyme that demonstrated a high specificity/ activity for coniferin was purified to homogeneity using anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatography. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein, the corresponding cDNA was isolated from a library constructed from differentiating pine xylem. A 1909 bp full length cDNA sequence was confirmed to be that of coniferin Pglucosidase on the basis of it's homology to other plant P-glucosidases and by the demonstration of coniferin hydrolytic activity and similar substrate specificity when expressed in E. coli The deduced 513 amino acid protein contains a 23 amino acid N - terminal signal peptide that is characteristic of eukaryotic secretory proteins. The isolation of the coniferin |3-glucosidase cDNA offers novel opportunities to clarify the ultimate steps of lignin biosynthesis. It also opens a route to the possible modification of lignin in trees by down-regulation of its activity through genetic engineering.
Mechanochemical Metal-Free Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyls Using Polymethylhydrosiloxane as the Hydrogen Source (2017)

We report herein a new methodology for the rapid and selective reduction of carbonyls in the solid phase. By exploiting mechanical energy and using a cheap and air-stable silane, polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), we can reduce a variety of carbonyl compounds, with catalytic amounts of fluorides. A scope of 19 substrates was explored to probe the generality of the method. In addition, an important biomass-based platform chemical, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and an insoluble polymer, polyketone, could be reduced with this methodology. A mechanistic study is also presented, suggesting the active role of volatile silane species. This method is particularly appealing to overcome substrate solubility issues and reduce solvent reliance in organic synthesis.
Measuring and Profiling IP Traffic (2007)

Measurement of network traffic is a fundamental issue to manage the network itself. The highly self-similar nature of IP traffic makes its measurement and profiling a very complex task. In this paper we identify a number of dimensions over which we can measure and profile IP traffic flows. We propose a set of statistics that can be used on the identified dimensions and allow the definition of traffic profile models
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of BaZn(CO<sub>3</sub>)F<sub>2</sub>; Revision of the Structure of BaMn(CO<sub>3</sub>)F<sub>2</sub>. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Behind every innovative solution lies an obscure feature (2012)

The Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH) for innovation states that a two-step process undergirds almost all innovative solutions: (1) notice an infrequently observed or new (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem and (2) construct an interaction involving the obscure feature that produces the desired effects to solve the problem. The OFH leads to a systematic derivation of innovation-enhancing techniques by engaging in two tasks. First, we developed a 32-category system of the types of features possessable by a physical object or material. This Feature Type Taxonomy (FTT) provides a panoramic view of the space of features and assists in searches for the obscure ones. Second, we are articulating the many cognitive reasons that obscure features are overlooked and are developing countering techniques for each known reason. We present the implications and techniques of the OFH, as well as indicate how software can assist innovators in the effective use of these innovation-enhancing techniques.
Connectability: a performance metric for reconfigurable transport networks (1993)

This paper presents a metric for managing dynamically reconfigurable transport networks. In such networks, one physical set of transport links can be configured into many different logical networks, in order to meet uncertain and volatile traffic demands. Connectability is a figure of merit for capturing the composite routing efficiency and capacity utilization of a transport network. Connectability is mathematically inspired by existing metrics for reliability. Reliability concepts are adapted to quantify notions of efficiency in reconfigurable networks. The authors define connectability mathematically, and set out a procedure for its' calculation in a distributed real-time setting. The centralized version of this calculation has O(n log n) time complexity. A series of simulation studies are presented to illustrate the use of connectability in characterizing strategies for transport network reconfiguration. One strategy based on the isolated calculation of connectability at each node is shown to yield lower blocking and more efficient use of transport network resources than the other strategies tested. Finally, a short study of applying connectability to restoration in a national network demonstrates that there is a continuum along which restoration can be temporarily traded off against transport network management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Joint scheduling and resource allocation in uplink OFDM systems for broadband wireless access networks (2009)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with dynamic scheduling and resource allocation is a key component of most emerging broadband wireless access networks such as WiMAX and LTE (long term evolution) for 3GPP. However, scheduling and resource allocation in an OFDM system is complicated, especially in the uplink due to two reasons: (i) the discrete nature of subchannel assignments, and (ii) the heterogeneity of the users' subchannel conditions, individual resource constraints and application requirements. We approach this problem using a gradient-based scheduling framework. Physical layer resources (bandwidth and power) are allocated to maximize the projection onto the gradient of a total system utility function which models application-layer Quality of Service (QoS). This is formulated as a convex optimization problem and solved using a dual decomposition approach. This optimal solution has prohibitively high computational complexity but reveals guiding principles that we use to generate lower complexity sub-optimal algorithms. We analyze the complexity and compare the performance of these algorithms via extensive simulations.
Media-based modulation for future wireless systems: a tutorial (2019)

The wireless revolution has already started with the first official 3GPP release of 5G wireless networks, which is expected to support a plethora of applications. Despite the development of several modern communication technologies, since the beginning of the modern era of digital communications, we have been mostly conveying information by altering the amplitude, the phase, or the frequency of sinusoidal carrier signals, which has inherent drawbacks. On the other hand, IM provides an alternative dimension to transmit digital information: the indices of the corresponding communication systems' building blocks. MBM, which is one of the newest and the most prominent members of the IM family, performs the transmission of information by altering the far-field radiation pattern of reconfigurable antennas and provides a completely new dimension to convey information: wireless channel fade realizations themselves through the unique signature of received signals. The aim of this article is to shed light on this promising frontier from a broad communication engineering perspective by discussing the most recent advances as well as possible interesting research directions in MBM technologies.
Screen‐printed electrochemical hybridization biosensor for the detection of DNA sequences from the <i>Escherichia coli</i> pathogen (1997)

Abstract An electrochemical biosensor for the specific detection of short DNA sequences from the E. coli pathogen is described. This hybridization device relies on the immobilization of a 25‐mer oligonucleotide probe, from the E. coli lacZ gene, onto a screen‐printed carbon electrode. Chronopotentiometric detection of the Co(bpy) 3 +3 indicator is used for monitoring the hybridization event. Numerous variables of the assay protocol, including those of the probe immobilization step, the hybridization event, and the indicator association/detection, are characterized and optimized. Hybridization times of 2‐ and 30‐min are sufficient for detecting 300‐ and 50 ng/mL, respectively, of the E. coli DNA target. Applicability to analysis of untreated environmental water samples is illustrated. Such single‐use electrochemical sensors hold great promise for decentralized environmental and food testing for the E. coli pathogen.
The epsilon isoform of protein kinase C is an oncogene when overexpressed in rat fibroblasts. (1993)

We have overproduced the Ca(2+)-independent protein kinase C isoform, nPKC epsilon, in Rat 6 embryo fibroblasts, and examined the effects of this novel isoform on cell growth and transformation. As compared to vector control cell lines expressing only the hygromycin resistance gene, the nPKC epsilon overproducing cell lines exhibited a 7-13-fold increase in Ca(2+)-independent enzyme activity. Detailed analysis of seven individual nPKC epsilon overproducing clones indicated that those clones that expressed very high activity displayed a number of disorders in growth control, including: formation of dense foci in monolayer culture, decreased doubling time, increased saturation density, decreased serum requirement, growth in soft agar, and tumor formation in nude mice. These findings are in contrast to previous studies from our laboratory indicating that stable expression of high levels of cPKC beta 1 produced only a partially transformed phenotype (Housey et al., 1988). Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence that distinct isoforms of PKC can exert different effects on growth control and malignant transformation in the same cell type.
DNase SISPA-Next Generation Sequencing Confirms Schmallenberg Virus in Belgian Field Samples and Identifies Genetic Variation in Europe (2012)

In 2011, a novel Orthobunyavirus was identified in cattle and sheep in Germany and The Netherlands. This virus was named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Later, presence of the virus was confirmed using real time RT-PCR in cases of congenital malformations of bovines and ovines in several European countries, including Belgium. In the absence of specific sequencing protocols for this novel virus we confirmed its presence in RT-qPCR positive field samples using DNase SISPA-next generation sequencing (NGS), a virus discovery method based on random amplification and next generation sequencing. An in vitro transcribed RNA was used to construct a standard curve allowing the quantification of viral RNA in the field samples. Two field samples of aborted lambs containing 7.66 and 7.64 log(10) RNA copies per µL total RNA allowed unambiguous identification of SBV. One sample yielded 192 SBV reads covering about 81% of the L segment, 56% of the M segment and 13% of the S segment. The other sample resulted in 8 reads distributed over the L and M segments. Three weak positive field samples (one from an aborted calf, two from aborted lambs) containing virus quantities equivalent to 4.27-4.89 log(10) RNA copies per µL did not allow identification using DNase SISPA-NGS. This partial sequence information was compared to the whole genome sequence of SBV isolated from bovines in Germany, identifying several sequence differences. The applied viral discovery method allowed the confirmation of SBV in RT-qPCR positive brain samples. However, the failure to confirm SBV in weak PCR-positive samples illustrates the importance of the selection of properly targeted and fresh field samples in any virus discovery method. The partial sequences derived from the field samples showed several differences compared to the sequences from bovines in Germany, indicating sequence divergence within the epidemic.
Virally Induced Cellular MicroRNA miR-155 Plays a Key Role in B-Cell Immortalization by Epstein-Barr Virus (2010)

Infection of resting primary human B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) results in their transformation into indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). LCL formation serves as a model for lymphomagenesis, and LCLs are phenotypically similar to EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), which represent a common AIDS-associated malignancy. B-cell infection by EBV induces the expression of several cellular microRNAs (miRNAs), most notably miR-155, which is overexpressed in many tumors and can induce B-cell lymphomas when overexpressed in animals. Here, we demonstrate that miR-155 is the most highly expressed miRNA in LCLs and that the selective inhibition of miR-155 function specifically inhibits the growth of both LCLs and the DLBCL cell line IBL-1. Cells lacking miR-155 are inefficient in progressing through S phase and spontaneously undergo apoptosis. In contrast, three other B-cell lymphoma lines, including two EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, grew normally in the absence of miR-155 function. These data identify the induction of cellular miR-155 expression by EBV as critical for the growth of both laboratory-generated LCLs and naturally occurring DLBCLs and suggest that targeted inhibition of miR-155 function could represent a novel approach to the treatment of DLBCL in vivo.
Diamond Coring System Seafloor Component Hardware (1991)

Engineering Leg 132 was used to test and further refine the Diamond Coring System (DCS) seafloor spudding equipment and drilling hardware. Information learned from Leg 124E with the prototype DCS revealed that it was imperative to establish a seabed platform from which to begin coring operations. Therefore, a complete and separate set of equipment was designed for the seafloor to complement the vessel-mounted drilling hardware. Two types of seafloor templates or structures were designed for operations on both hard rock and soft sediments. Experience from past legs where hard rock spudding was performed was combined with DCS requirements to develop a new Hard Rock Guide Base (HRB). This new mini-HRB was much smaller than those used in the past, primarily due to a different design philosophy used in establishing the hole. Previous attempts used the more conventional oilfield approach of drilling a larger hole and setting surface casing strings, whereas, a drill-in type Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) was used on Leg 132. The drill-in BHA was implanted into the formation and then left through the use of a back-off sub especially developed for hard rock and DCS operations. This required only one trip for the BHA to be drilled in and backed off, whereas conventional practice required possibly several trips before establishing the hole. This concept eliminated any redrilling or reaming of the hole that might be necessary due to instability of the formation or due to the size of the hole drilled.
The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 belongs to the glucose-regulated protein family of stress-inducible proteins. (1991)

In mammals, glucose transport is mediated by five structurally related glucose transporters that show a characteristic cell-specific expression. However, the rat brain/HepG2/erythrocyte-type glucose transporter GLUT-1 is expressed at low levels in most cells. The reason for this coexpression is not clear. GLUT-1 is negatively regulated by glucose. Another family of proteins, glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs), is also ubiquitously expressed and stimulated by glucose deprivation and other cellular stresses. We therefore hypothesized that GLUT-1 may be a glucose-regulated stress protein. This was tested by subjecting L8 myocytes and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts to glucose starvation or exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187, 2-mercaptoethanol, or tunicamycin, all known to increase GRP levels. The mRNA for GLUT-1 was augmented by 50-300% in a time-dependent manner, similarly to the changes in GRP-78 mRNA. Ex vivo incubation of rat soleus muscles induced a marked and concomitant rise in the mRNA levels of GLUT-1 and GRP-78. Finally, calcium ionophore A23187 and 2-mercaptoethanol induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in the levels of the GLUT-1 protein and hexose uptake. In all instances in which GRP-78 and GLUT-1 responded to stress, the transcription of the cell-specific muscle/adipocyte-type insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) did not change. Thus, despite the lack of structural similarity, GLUT-1 and GRP-78 expression is regulated similarly, whereas the regulation of GLUT-4, which is structurally related to GLUT-1, is different. We propose that GLUT-1 belongs to the GRP family of stress proteins and that its ubiquitous expression may serve a specific purpose during cellular stress.
Tamm–Horsfall urinary glycoprotein. The chemical composition (1970)

1. A revised amino acid and carbohydrate composition of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is presented. 2. No significant differences were obtained in the amino acid composition of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. 3. The glycoprotein was shown to possess a high half-cystine content of 1 per 11-12 amino acid residues, which has been confirmed by performic acid oxidation and S-alkylation with iodoacetate and iodoacetamide. No thiol groups were detected in the glycoprotein. 4. Treatment of the glycoprotein with 0.5m-sodium hydroxide at 4 degrees C for 2 days did not release heterosaccharide material, which suggests that the predominant carbohydrate-protein linkages present are not of the O-glycosidic type. 5. No N-terminal amino acid was detected in the glycoprotein.
A Poly(<i>p</i>-phenyleneethynylene) with a Highly Emissive Aggregated Phase (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) with a Highly Emissive Aggregated PhaseRobert Deans, Jinsang Kim, Michelle R. Machacek, and Timothy M. SwagerView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 35, 8565–8566Publication Date (Web):August 19, 2000Publication History Received29 February 2000Published online19 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0007298https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0007298rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1941Altmetric-Citations242LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Aggregation,Polymer films,Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
An acoustic sounder for the remote probing of the lower atmosphere (1977)

Details are given of an atmospheric acoustic sounder which can be used in both a rural area and a noisy town environment. The instrument has been used for the measurement of various parameters of the turbulent boundary layer including the temperature and velocity structure parameters CT2 and Cv2 as well as vertical wind speeds. A summary of some of the results obtained using this instrument is presented.