gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametrically coupled multiharmonic force imaging (2008)

We report use of nonlinear tip-sample interactions to parametrically convert the frequency components of periodic tip-sample interaction forces to frequencies where they can be resonantly detected. One flexural mode of a cantilever is used for tapping-mode imaging and another flexural mode is used for detection of forces converted in presence of an externally injected mechanical oscillation at the difference frequency of the detecting mode and a harmonic of the tapping mode. Material contrast in attractive and repulsive regimes are demonstrated on samples with polymethyl methacrylate patterns and with deoxyribonucleic acid strands on silicon.
Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure during exercise by saline-enhanced Doppler echocardiography in chronic pulmonary disease. (1989)

To determine the feasibility of noninvasive determination of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) during a graded-exercise protocol, saline contrast-enhanced Doppler echocardiography of tricuspid insufficiency was performed in 36 patients with chronic lung disease and 12 normal controls. In the patients with chronic pulmonary disease, symptom-limited, incremental supine bicycle exercise and pulse oximetry were performed on and off high-flow oxygen. Technically adequate Doppler studies were initially obtained in 20 patients (56%) at rest and 14 (39%) on exercise; these numbers increased to 33 (92%) and 32 (89%), respectively, after enhancement with agitated saline (both p less than 0.001). In 10 patients with chronic lung disease who had simultaneous hemodynamic monitoring during exercise, the correlation between Doppler and catheter measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure was close (r = 0.98). Among controls, RVSP increased from 22 +/- 4 at rest (mean +/- SD) to 31 +/- 7 mm Hg at peak exercise. In patients with chronic lung disease, RVSP increased from 46 +/- 20 to 83 +/- 30 mm Hg (both p less than 0.001 vs. controls). Despite normal resting values for RVSP in 28% of study patients, nearly all showed abnormal increases in RVSP during supine bicycle exercise. Increases in RVSP during exercise were greatest in patients who showed oxyhemoglobin desaturation. The short-term administration of oxygen significantly blunted the increase in RVSP during exercise. Saline contrast-enhanced Doppler evaluation of tricuspid insufficiency seems a potentially valuable noninvasive method of determining the exercise response of RVSP in patients with chronic pulmonary disease.
Optimizing block-threshold segmentation for MRC compression (2000)

Compound document images contain graphic or textual content along with pictures. They are a very common form of documents, found in magazines, brochures, Web-sites, etc. We focus our attention on the mixed raster content (MRC) multi-layer approach for compound image compression. We study block thresholding as a means to segment an image for MRC. An attempt is made to optimize the block-threshold in a rate-distortion sense. Rate-distortion curves are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Exploiting Image Generality for Lexical Entailment Detection (2015)

Douwe Kiela, Laura Rimell, Ivan Vulić, Stephen Clark. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
Statistical study of subthreshold characteristics in polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (2003)

We investigate the influence of grain size variations on device properties of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) by drift–diffusion device simulations. Employing our grain boundary model which represents the intrinsic variations of grain size [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, L634 (2003)], the subthreshold characteristics are simulated for the various configurations of grains in the channel region so that the statistical fluctuation of device characteristics is investigated. It is shown that the variations in subthreshold characteristics are caused mainly by the number of grains included in the channel because the grain boundaries act as highly resistive regions. However, as the channel length shrinks, the grain boundary located close to the drain critically determines the channel resistance of poly-Si TFTs and the device characteristics could differ even if the number of grains included in the channel region is the same.
Comparative Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Rna Quantitation by Branched Dna, Nasba, and Monitor Assays (1999)

Several studies have shown a relationship between pretreatment hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load and the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, creating a need for quantitative HCV–RNA assays. Here, we compared three commercial methods: nucleic acid sequence-based amplification NASBA (Organon), branched DNA 2.0 (bDNA) (Chiron), and Monitor (Roche), with reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) as the reference. We assessed sensitivity and reproducibility on a well–characterized panel of sera (EUROHEP), a Chimp Rodney plasma pool, and samples from IFN–treated and –untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C caused by different HCV genotypes. The reproducibility of the NASBA and bDNA methods was slightly better than that of Monitor, especially for genotypes 2 and 4. NASBA had the highest sensitivity (99% vs. 94% and 88% with Monitor and bDNA, respectively), especially for the follow–up of patients on IFN. NASBA gave the highest HCV–RNA concentrations, which were approximately 10–fold more than with the bDNA assay and 100–fold more than with the Monitor kit. The linearity, tested on the chimp Rodney plasma pool, was better with bDNA for high viral load than with NASBA and Monitor, although for low concentration of HCV RNA, bDNA was negative. Pretreatment viral load was lower in patients who had a sustained virological response to IFN, although the bDNA method was not sensitive enough to quantify all pretreatment samples. This study indicates that gene amplification methods (NASBA or Monitor) have better sensitivity than bDNA assays for quantification of HCV RNA in patients with chronic HCV infection, although the bDNA and NASBA methods are more likely to quantify all genotypes. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the usefulness of quantitative assays for the follow–up of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Polymer protective coating for wet deep silicon etching processes (2003)

A need exists for spin-applied polymeric coatings to protect electronic circuitry and other sensitive structures on MEMS devices during deep silicon wet etching processes involving corrosive mixtures of aqueous acids and bases. The challenge exists in developing protective coatings that do not decompose or dissolve in the harsh etchants and, more importantly, that maintain good adhesion to the substrate during the sometimes long etching processes. We have developed a multilayer coating system that is stable and adheres well to silicon nitride and other semiconductor materials and affords chemical protection for at least eight hours in hot potassium hydroxide etchant. The same coating system is also compatible with concentrated hydrofluoric acid etchants, which can diffuse rapidly through many polymeric materials to attack the device substrate.
The Effect of the Common Process Noise on the Two-Sensor Fused-Track Covariance (1986)

This note deals with the effect of the common process noise on the fusion (combination) of the state estimates of a target based on measurements obtained by two different sensors. This problem arises in a multisensor environment where each sensor has its information processing (tracking) subsystem. In the case of an α-ß tracking filter the effect of the process noise is that, over a wide range of its variance, the uncertainty area corresponding to the fused estimates is about 70 percent of the single-sensor uncertainty area as opposed to 50 percent obtained if the dependence is ignored.
Revascularization of the Femoral Head in Osteonecrosis (1998)

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head accounts for as many as 18% of total hip arthroplasties performed in western countries. The young age of affected patients and the potentially poor outcome have sparked an interest in alternative treatment modalities. Extracapsular placement of a vascularized fibular graft in the subchondral region of the femoral head has shown great promise as a treatment option. The authors have used this procedure in the treatment of 646 symptomatic hips, of all grades of osteonecrosis, with a follow-up of 1 to 17 years. The resultant 10-year survival rate of greater than 80% suggests that this procedure may be preferable to total hip arthroplasty for the young patient with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Uniform Graphene Quantum Dots Patterned from Self-Assembled Silica Nanodots (2012)

Graphene dots precisely controlled in size are interesting in nanoelectronics due to their quantum optical and electrical properties. However, most graphene quantum dot (GQD) research so far has been performed based on flake-type graphene reduced from graphene oxides. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to isolate the size effect of GQDs from the measured optical properties. Here, we report the size-controlled fabrication of uniform GQDs using self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) as an etch mask on graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Electron microscope images show that as-prepared GQDs are composed of mono- or bilayer graphene with diameters of 10 and 20 nm, corresponding to the size of BCP nanospheres. In the measured photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the emission peak of the GQDs on the SiO(2) substrate is shown to be at ∼395 nm. The fabrication of GQDs was supported by the analysis of the Raman spectra and the observation of PL spectra after each fabrication step. Additionally, oxygen content in the GQDs is rationally controlled by additional air plasma treatment, which reveals the effect of oxygen content to the PL property.
Birney Creek (2012)

Spring 2011 - Volume 15 Number 2 “Pacific White-Sided Dolphins” photograph Stephen Henry, MD Pacific White-Sided Dolphins bow riding in the inside passage just north of Vancouver Island. Dr Henry is retired from The Permanente Medic
Reduced-Encoding MRI Using Higher-Order Generalized Series (2006)

Reduced-encoding MRI has been used in a wide variety of MR applications where temporal resolution is critical. Although the Generalized Series model (with basis functions constructed from a reference image) allows the reconstruction of high-resolution dynamic images from a small number of encodings, the ability of the model to capture localized dynamic features is limited by the model order, which in the past has been set equal to the number of encodings acquired. This paper extends this model by incorporating higher frequency terms, which allows for a sharper reconstruction of new localized features. Since the series coefficients of the higher-order model are underdetermined by the data collected, two important issues arise which are addressed in this paper: the definition of an appropriate regularization criterion and the solution of the corresponding optimization problem. Results from simulated as well as biological data are also provided to demonstrate the properties of this model.
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (1995)

CAV is associated with donor-specific cell-mediated alloreactivity to vascular endothelium. Humoral immunity does not appear to have a major role in this disease.
Wireless PWM Control of a Parallel DC–DC Buck Converter (2005)

We demonstrate a new concept for wireless pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of a parallel dc-dc buck converter. It eliminates the need for multiple physical connections of gating/PWM signals among the distributed converter modules. The new scheme relies on radio-frequency (RF) based communication of the PWM control signals from a master to the slave modules. We analyze the system stability and demonstrate the experimental effectiveness of the wireless control scheme for a two-module parallel buck converter for 10-kHz and 20-kHz switching frequencies and for channel lengths of 1.5 and 15ft, respectively. The proposed control concept may lead to easier distributed control implementation of parallel dc-dc converters and distributed power systems, and may lead to redundancy that is achievable using droop method. It may also be used as a backup for wire-based control of parallel converters to provide fault tolerance.
Identification of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Genes Required for Bacteriophage Adsorption (2004)

The aim of this work was to identify genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 important for adsorption of the 936-species phages bIL170 and phi 645, respectively. Random insertional mutagenesis of the two L. lactis strains was carried out with the vector pGh9:ISS1, and integrants that were resistant to phage infection and showed reduced phage adsorption were selected. In L. lactis IL1403 integration was obtained in the ycaG and rgpE genes, whereas in L. lactis Wg2 integration was obtained in two genes homologous to ycbC and ycbB of L. lactis IL1403. rgpE and ycbB encode putative glycosyltransferases, whereas ycaG and ycbC encode putative membrane-spanning proteins with unknown functions. Interestingly, ycaG, rgpE, ycbC, and ycbB are all part of the same operon in L. lactis IL1403. This operon is probably involved in biosynthesis and transport of cell wall polysaccharides (WPS). Binding and infection studies showed that phi645 binds to and infects L. lactis Wg2, L. lactis IL1403, and L. lactis IL1403 strains with pGh9:ISS1 integration in ycaG and rgpE, whereas bIL170 binds to and infects only L. lactis IL1403 and cannot infect Wg2. These results indicate that phi 645 binds to a WPS structure present in both L. lactis IL1403 and L. lactis Wg2, whereas bIL170 binds to another WPS structure not present in L. lactis Wg2. Binding of bIL170 and phi 645 to different WPS structures was supported by alignment of the receptor-binding proteins of bIL170 and phi 645 that showed no homology in the C-terminal part.
A monolithic 20 b delta-sigma A/D converter (1990)

Oversampled delta-sigma converters have been used for high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion over a wide range of input frequencies. Oversampled converters reduce the need for complex antialias filters, eliminate sample-and-hold amplifiers, and are free of differential nonlinearity errors. A fourth-order converter with a dynamic range of 123 dB and a signal-to-total-harmonic-distortion ratio of 126 dB is described. The input voltage range is 20 V peak to peak, the input signal bandwidth is DC to 500 Hz, the clock frequency is 1024 MHz, and the output word rate is 32 K/s. The 4.48*6.53-mm chip is packaged in a 28-pin plastic leaded chip carrier/leadless chip carrier (PLCC/LCC) and dissipates 120 mW using +5 V, -5 V, and ground.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active Orthoses for the Lower-Limbs: Challenges and State of the Art (2007)

In the many decades since researchers began to explore methods of creating them, active orthoses have progressed from complex research devices to nearly commercialized products. And while there are still many challenges associated with their development that have yet to be perfected, the advances in the field have been enormous. In this paper we review the history and discuss the state of the art of lower-limb active orthoses. We provide a design overview of hardware, actuation, sensory, and control systems for most of the devices that have been described in the literature, and end with a discussion of the major advances that have been made and hurdles yet to be overcome.
Spatial and spectral X-ray properties of the powerful radio galaxy Hercules A: environment and jet/ICM interaction (1999)

We investigate the X-ray properties of the powerful radio galaxy Hercules A (3C 348) using ROSAT HRI, PSPC and ASCA observations. The ASCA data are well fit by a thermal plasma model with a temperature of about 4.3 keV and abundances 0.4 solar. The HRI observation clearly reveals extended and elongated X-ray emission. For radii greater than 10 arcsec, the surface brightness profile perpendicular to the elongation is well fit by an isothermal beta--model with beta = 0.63 and a core radius of about 120 kpc. We derive a total mass of the putative cluster of 8.4e+13 M_sun and a gas mass fraction of about 18 per cent. The inner part of the surface brightness profile clealry reveals the presence of a point source, which contributes about 8 per cent to the total flux. The 0.1-2.4 keV luminosity of the point-like and the extended emission is 3.4e+43 and 4.3e+44 erg/s, respectively. After subtracting the cluster X-ray emission from the HRI image, residual structures are visible, which partly coincide with the radio jet and lobes. This indicates an interaction of the radio jet with the intracluster medium.
Familial obesity and leanness. (1983)

Using the Princeton School District Family Study cohort, our specific aim was to estimate the prevalence of suspected familial ponderosity and leanness, to provide empirical risk estimates for the proportion of probands' first-degree relatives who were similarly affected, and to estimate the contributions of diseases, drugs and caloric intake to relative obesity and leanness. We studied 379 probands, 125 whites and 52 blacks from a random recall group, 147 whites and 55 blacks from a hyperlipidemic recall group. Suspected familial obesity and leanness were arbitrarily identified in those kindreds with at least two first-degree relatives in the same Quetelet index decile as the proband, top or bottom respectively. Suspected familial obesity was observed in 2.4 percent and 6 percent respectively of random and hyperlipidemic recall group whites. Suspected familial leanness was identified in 2.4 percent and 1.4 percent of random and hyperlipidemic recall whites and in 3.8 percent of randomly recalled blacks. Approximately twice as many as expected white first-degree relatives of top Quetelet index decile probands themselves had top decile Quetelet indices; approximately three times as many as expected first-degree relatives of bottom decile Quetelet index probands themselves had bottom decile Quetelet indices. Nineteen percent and 31 percent of top decile Quetelet index white probands from random and hyperlipidemic recall groups came from families where at least two other first-degree relatives were similarly obese; 18 percent and 20 percent of white random and hyperlipidemic recall group probands with bottom decile Quetelet indices had suspected familial leanness. Nearly all subjects with familial obesity or leanness had no overt metabolic or pharmacological explanations for their body habitus. Within-family clustering of hypertension was common in kindreds with suspected familial obesity and was absent in kindreds with suspected familial leanness. Marked within-family clustering of both obesity and leanness is useful diagnostically; therapeutic intervention to reduce obesity, to be most effective, should be family-wide in the many kindreds which share familial obesity.
MetaMHC: a meta approach to predict peptides binding to MHC molecules (2010)

As antigenic peptides binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is the prerequisite of cellular immune responses, an accurate computational predictor will be of great benefit to biologists and immunologists for understanding the underlying mechanism of immune recognition as well as facilitating the process of epitope mapping and vaccine design. Although various computational approaches have been developed, recent experimental results on benchmark data sets show that the development of improved predictors is needed, especially for MHC Class II peptide binding. To make the most of current methods and achieve a higher predictive performance, we developed a new web server, MetaMHC, to integrate the outputs of leading predictors by several popular ensemble strategies. MetaMHC consists of two components: MetaMHCI and MetaMHCII for MHC Class I peptide and MHC Class II peptide binding predictions, respectively. Experimental results by both cross-validation and using an independent data set show that the ensemble approaches outperform individual predictors, being statistically significant. MetaMHC is freely available at http://www.biokdd.fudan.edu.cn/Service/MetaMHC.html.
PSRR of bridge-tied load PWM Class D Amps (2008)

In this paper, the effects of power supply noise, qualified by power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), on two types of bridge-tied load (BTL) pulse width modulation (PWM) class D amps (denoted as Type-I BTL and Type-II BTL respectively) are investigated and the analytical expressions for PSRR of the two designs derived. The derived analytical expressions are verified by means of HSPICE simulations. The relationships derived herein provide good insight to the design of BTL class D amps, including how various parameters may be varied/optimized to meet a given PSRR specification. Furthermore, the PSRR of the two BTL Class D amps are compared against the single-ended class D amp, and the former designs show superior PSRR compared to the latter.
Feline Urethral Obstruction: A Case-Control Study (1977)

SUMMARY A case-control investigation of feline urethral obstruction ( fuo ) involved 101 consecutive cases in male cats and 101 control cats matched for age, castration status, breed, and residence. The age at which cats had been castrated was similar for both groups. There was a tendency for affected cats to be confined to an indoor environment, especially in the urban (Philadelphia) area. Cats eating more than half of their diet in dry form had a significant (P < 0.05) relative risk for urethral obstruction. The relative risk increased for cats eating more than 75% dry food and for those eating dry food exclusively. Similar associations were not detected for other foodstuffs. Recurrent cases appeared to have had some dietary modification away from dry food consumption, compared with cats experiencing their primary episode of urethral obstruction. The hypothesis that fuo may be caused by a horizontally transmitted infectious agent was tested indirectly. There was no difference in the number of affected and control cats living in multiple cat households. The average number of cats living in the homes of affected cats and control cats was similar. There was no difference in the prevalence of urethral obstruction in other cats living in the same household with an affected or control cat. The data supported a multifactorial basis for development of fuo .
Molecular characterization of the enniatin synthetase gene encoding a multifunctional enzyme catalysing <i>N</i>‐methyldepsipeptide formation in <i>Fusarium scirpi</i> (1993)

The gene encoding the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase from Fusarium scirpi (esyn1) was isolated and characterized by transcriptional mapping and expression studies in Escherichia coli. This is the first example of a gene encoding an N-methyl peptide synthetase. The nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame of 9393 bp encoding a protein of 3131 amino acids (M(r) 346,900). Two domains designated EA and EB within the protein were identified which share similarity to each other and to microbial peptide synthetase domains. In contrast to the N-terminal domain EA, the carboxyl terminal domain EB is interrupted by a 434-amino-acid portion which shows local similarity to a motif apparently conserved within adenine and cytosine RNA and DNA methyltransferases and therefore seems to harbour the N-methyl-transferase function of the multienzyme.