gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte and nonthymic cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to cytomegalovirus infection of bone marrow transplant recipients. (1981)

Abstract Fifteen bone marrow transplant recipients were studied prospectively to define cell-mediated immune responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Assays included measurements of lymphocyte cytotoxic activities and blastogenesis in response to viral antigens and concanavalin A (Con A). Cytotoxicity assays included measurement of natural killer (NK) cell activity using the K562 cell line, antibody-dependent killer (K) cell activity using alloantibody sensitized Chang cells, and antiviral cytotoxicity using HLA-typed, cryopreserved infected and uninfected skin fibroblasts as target cells. During the period of study, 8 patients developed disseminated CMV infection, 1 developed disseminated adenovirus type 1 infection, 1 developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 5 patients did not develop systemic virus infection. CMV interstitial pneumonitis was fatal in 3 patients, who had very low NK cell activity at onset of infection and minimal or no specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to infection. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the 5 patients who survived the infection had measurable NK cell activity at onset of infection, significant responsiveness of lymphocytes to Con A, and CMV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to infection. In 3 patients with primary infection and 1 with secondary infection this cytotoxicity was mediated by both HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cells and nonthymic lymphocytes; erythrocyte rosetting cells were HLA-restricted whereas nonrosetting cells were not. In the other patient who had secondary infection the cytotoxicity was mediated only by lymphocytes that were not HLA-restricted. The responses appeared to be specifically induced by CMV infection, because they were not observed in uninfected patients or in patients with other types of systemic infection. The findings indicate that HLA-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop in vivo and that this and other types of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity are involved in the immune response to human CMV infection.
Production of L-tryptophan by mutants of Brevibacterium flavum resistant to both tryptophan and phenylalanine analogues. (1975)

5-Fluorotryptophan (5 FT*) -resistant mutants induced by one step mutation from a glutamate producing bacteria, Brevibacterium flavum No. 2247, accumulated only 0.4g/liter of L-tryptophan at maximum. However, mutants resistant to higher concentrations of 5 FT, which were further induced from the 5 FT-resistant mutants, accumulated 1.4 to 2.4g/liter of L-tryptophan. Their anthranilate synthetases of the tryptophan-specific pathway were less sensitive to the feedback inhibition by tryptophan than the parent enzymes and were not repressed by tryptophan. Moreover, the relationship between the L-tryptophan accumulation and the resistance of the enzymes to the feedback inhibition was parallel to a considerable extent. 3-Fluorophenylalanine (3 FP) -resistant mutants induced from the 5 FT-resistant mutants produced about twice as much L-tryptophan as the parental strains. Their L-tryptophan accumulation was not affected by the addition of excess L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine, in contrast to that in the parents. Their3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetases of the common pathway were insensitive to the synergistic inhibition by phenylalanine plus tyrosine. Since mutants resistant to 5 FT and 3 FP accumulated L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine in addition to L-tryptophan, phenylalanine auxotrophs were induced, which produced 6.2g/liter of L-tryptophan at maximum. The increment of the accumulation was almost equivalent to the amount of L-phenylalanine accumulated in the parental strain. These results were discussed on the basis of the regulatory mechanism for the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in B. flavum.
Interaction between clopidogrel and proton-pump inhibitors (2009)

The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines recommend initiating a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding if patients are receiving concomitant therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin. Recently, concern has been raised regarding the ability of PPIs to decrease the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. To date, there are 16 studies that evaluated the outcomes of using clopidogrel with a PPI. One of the studies has shown that adding lansoprazole to clopidogrel has no effect on the concentration of clopidogrel's inactive metabolite. The eight clinical trials that studied the effect of using PPIs and clopidogrel together on platelet function testing have shown differing effects between PPIs. Concurrent omeprazole and clopidogrel use was shown to decrease the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in three studies; whereas pantoprazole, lansoprazole and esomeprazole have been shown to have no significant effect on the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel. Six other studies showed that using PPIs and clopidogrel together led to adverse clinical outcomes; however, one study that did a separate analysis on pantoprazole, showed that using pantoprazole with clopidogrel had no significant impact on clinical outcomes. Post hoc analysis from a large randomized trial comparing prasugrel with clopidogrel indicated no clinically significant effects of PPIs in patients treated with either prasugrel or clopidogrel. Preliminary results from a prospective, randomized trial comparing cardiovascular clinical outcomes between omeprazole and placebo in clopidogrel-treated patients have been reported and suggest no interaction. However, the study was stopped prematurely secondary to loss of funding and follow-up limited to a median of 133 days so no firm conclusions were drawn. The data currently available regarding concurrent clopidogrel and PPI use are limited, so further studies are needed to provide a definite conclusion. Until additional prospective studies are available, the use of clopidogrel with a PPI should be avoided, if possible, and a H(2)-receptor antagonist be selected instead. Prasugrel may be administered safely with a PPI as there is currently no evidence of a pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or adverse clinical effects.
Towards statistical prioritization for software product lines testing (2014)

Software Product Lines (SPLs) are inherently difficult to test due to the combinatorial explosion of the number of products to consider. To reduce the number of products to test, sampling techniques such as combinatorial interaction testing have been proposed. They usually start from a feature model and apply a coverage criterion (e.g. pairwise feature interaction or dissimilarity) to generate tractable, fault-finding, lists of configurations to be tested. Prioritization can also be used to sort/generate such lists, optimizing coverage criteria or weights assigned to features. However, current sampling/prioritization techniques barely take product behaviour into account. We explore how ideas of statistical testing, based on a usage model (a Markov chain), can be used to extract configurations of interest according to the likelihood of their executions. These executions are gathered in featured transition systems, compact representation of SPL behaviour. We discuss possible scenarios and give a prioritization procedure validated on a web-based learning management software.
A novel pentacyclic aromatic alkaloid from an ascidian (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel pentacyclic aromatic alkaloid from an ascidianStephen J. Bloor and Francis J. SchmitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6134–6136Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00254a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Energy-Based Model for the Image Edge-Histogram Specification Problem (2011)

In this correspondence, we present an original energy-based model that achieves the edge-histogram specification of a real input image and thus extends the exact specification method of the image luminance (or gray level) distribution recently proposed by Coltuc et al. Our edge-histogram specification approach is stated as an optimization problem in which each edge of a real input image will tend iteratively toward some specified gradient magnitude values given by a target edge distribution (or a normalized edge histogram possibly estimated from a target image). To this end, a hybrid optimization scheme combining a global and deterministic conjugate-gradient-based procedure and a local stochastic search using the Metropolis criterion is proposed herein to find a reliable solution to our energy-based model. Experimental results are presented, and several applications follow from this procedure.
Kinetics of oxygen dissociation on Si(111)7×7 investigated with optical second-harmonic generation (1994)

Optical second-harmonic generation is used as a sensitive, nondestructive probe for the thermally activated dissociation of molecular oxygen on Si(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7. Isothermal measurements show that the dissociation kinetics strongly depend on the total oxygen coverage. At room temperature the 1/e lifetime of chemisorbed ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is \ensuremath{\sim}15 min for saturation coverage but \ensuremath{\sim}50 min for low oxygen coverage. The temperature dependence of the dissociation rates between 80 and 500 K indicates that more than one dissociation channel and/or molecular oxygen species exist on the surface.
Skeletal muscle function in primary fibromyalgia. Effect of regional sympathetic blockade with guanethidine (1988)

Muscle fatigue is the most disabling symptom in primary fibromyalgia (PF), which in addition is characterized by generalised pain and muscle stiffness. In order to assess whether the fatigue is of central and/or peripheral origin, skeletal muscle function was studied by measuring maximum voluntary hand grip strength, and by measuring various contraction characteristics in the adductor pollicis muscle after electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The PF-patients were also studied after a regional sympathetic blockade of the forearm with guanethidine. A lower hand grip strength was found in the PF-patients compared to the controls, before as well as during the sympathetic blockade. The developed force, measured during electrical stimulation, did not differ between patients and controls. A lower muscle relaxation rate was found in the PF-patients. The relaxation rate increased in the PF-patients during the sympathetic blockade. The results indicate both a central and a peripheral cause of muscle dysfunction. Activity in the muscle sympathetic system may be one link in the chain of events that leads to muscular symptoms in PF.
Process Trace Identification from Unstructured Execution Logs (2010)

Many real world business processes are executed without explicit orchestration and hence do not generate structured execution logs. This is particularly true for the class of business processes which are executed in service delivery centers in emerging markets where rapid changes in processes and in the people executing the processes are common. In such environments, the process execution logs are usually natural language descriptions of actions performed and hence are noisy. Despite the lack of structured logs, it is crucial to know the trace of activities as they happen on the ground. Without such a visibility into the ground activities, regulatory compliance audit, process optimization, and best practices standardization are severely disabled. Process monitoring on top of unstructured execution logs has been a relatively unexplored research area. This paper proposes an approach for process trace identification from unstructured logs that applies state-of-the-art text mining techniques. It applies this approach on logs of a real-world business process used in a service delivery center and shows that individual process activities are correctly identified 90% of the time. Also, 65% of the activity traces were identified with zero errors and an additional 24% with a single error. This approach is generic and applicable to a wide array of business processes.
Real-time broadband subnoise level signal extraction in Hall sensors (2013)

This paper deals with the optimization of the “spinning-current” modulation method for cancelling the low-frequency noise at the output of a Hall sensor. This method, based on Onsager reciprocity relationships through the reverse-magnetic-field-reciprocity theorem of Sample et al., allows extracting magnetic field signals whose spectral intensity is much lower than the PSD of the low-frequency (LF) noise observed in the measurement: this includes the LF noise of the Hall sensor, the LF noise of the preamplifier, or the environmental noise due to electromagnetic interferences (EMI). Contrarily to methods based on the lock-in detection principle, which results in a narrow bandpass filtering, the LF-noise-free magnetic sensor signal remains broadband (DC to kHz). An improvement of 30dB in the S/N ratio can be observed around 1 Hz.
Immunological control of immunotherapy in asthma. (1986)

Immunotherapy of allergic diseases first called desensitization or hyposensitization is based on the introduction by parenteral administration or perhaps also by mouth of the allergens which has been considered to be responsible by the clinical symptoms. Immunotherapy partially corrects the imbalance of immune response decreasing IgE response and increasing the production of IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies either by direct effect or by an effect on specific T helpers and T suppressors subsets.
Recombinant hnRNP protein A1 and its N-terminal domain show preferential affinity for oligodeoxynucleotides homologous to intron/exon acceptor sites (1990)

The reported binding preference of human hnRNP protein A1 for the 3'-splice site of some introns (Swanson and Dreyfuss (1988) EMBO J. 7, 3519-3529; Mayrand and Pederson (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 3307-3318) was tested by assaying in vitro the binding of purified recombinant A1 protein (expressed in bacteria) to synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (21-mers) of suitable sequence. In such a minimal system we find preferential binding of protein A1 to oligodeoxynucleotide sequences corresponding to the 3'-splice site of IVS1 of human beta-globin pre-mRNA and of IVS1 of Adenovirus type 2 major late transcript. Mutation studies demonstrate that the binding specificity is dependent on the known critical domains of this intron region, the AG splice site dinucleotide and polypyrimidine tract, and resides entirely in the short oligonucleotide sequence. Moreover specific binding does not require the presence of other hnRNP proteins or of snRNP particles. Studies with a truncated recombinant protein demonstrated that the minimal protein sequence determinants for A1 recognition of 3'-splice acceptor site reside entirely in the N-terminal 195 aa of the unmodified protein.
Frictional behavior of solid polymers on a metal surface at processing conditions (1977)

Abstract The frictional coefficients of three glassy polymers (polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polymethylmethacrylate) and three crystalline polymers (high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and polypropylene) on a highly polished steel surface were measured at high temperatures, high pressures, and high speeds, all comparable to actual processing conditions. The frictional behavior of these polymers was found to depend on temperature, pressure‐and speed in a very complicated manner. There appears to exist inter‐relationships among the temperature, pressure and speed dependences of the frictional coefficients. The frictional coefficients of ductile, crystalline polymers as a function of temperature appear to undergo two distinct transitions: one associated with yielding and the other associated with melting. The frictional coefficients of glassy polymers go through only one transition, associated with the glass transition. The friction‐generated heat at high pressures and high speeds can increase the sliding interface temperature of a polymer to values much greater than the metal surface temperature, and thus the polymer can start to melt (or plasticate) at metal surface temperatures appreciably below its thermodynamic melting (or glass transition) temperature.
A beam-switching tapered slot antenna array with an 8 × 8 Butler matrix (2015)

In this paper, a planar beam-switching array was realized by combining a tapered slot antenna array with an 8 × 8 Butler matrix. The 8 × 8 Butler matrix was implemented in the microstrip-line form, with hybrid couplers and delay lines appropriately arranged. The tapered slot antenna array was designed with suitable length and inter-element spacing to fully utilize the beam-switching capability. Measured radiation patterns of the integrated planar array showed the desired beam-switching feature when the array was fed through various input ports.
Coherent Control of the Route of an Ultrafast Magnetic Phase Transition via Low-Amplitude Spin Precession (2012)

Time-resolved magneto-optical imaging of laser-excited rare-earth orthoferrite (SmPr)FeO3 demonstrates that a single 60 fs circularly polarized laser pulse is capable of creating a magnetic domain on a picosecond time scale with a magnetization direction determined by the helicity of light. Depending on the light intensity and sample temperature, pulses of the same helicity can create domains with opposite magnetizations. We argue that this phenomenon relies on a twofold effect of light which (i) instantaneously excites coherent low-amplitude spin precession and (ii) triggers a spin reorientation phase transition. The former dynamically breaks the equivalence between two otherwise degenerate states with opposite magnetizations in the high-temperature phase and thus controls the route of the phase transition.
Phase separation in crosslinked resins containing polymeric modifiers (1986)

Abstract An analysis is made of the thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting phase separation in blends of di‐, tri‐ and tetrafunctional epoxy resins, cured with either diamino‐diphenylsulphone (DOS) or with dicyanodiamide (Dicy), and modified with either poly(ethersulphone) (PES) or carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber. The applicability and limitations of the solubility parameter approach in predicting compatibility in reactive blends are considered.
Nitroxide‐mediated synthesis of styrenic‐based segmented and tapered block copolymers using poly(lactide)‐functionalized TEMPO macromediators (2008)

Abstract Poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PS‐PLA), poly ( tert ‐butyl styrene)‐poly(lactide) (P t BuS‐PLA) diblocks, and poly( tert ‐butyl styrene)‐poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (P t BuS‐PS‐PLA) segmented and tapered triblocks of controlled segment lengths were synthesized using nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization. Well‐defined PLA‐functionalized macromediators derived from hydroxyl terminated TEMPO (PLA T ) of various molecular weights mediated polymerizations of the styrenic monomers in bulk and in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 120–130°C. PS‐PLA and P t BuS‐PLA diblocks were characterized by narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index ( M w / M n ) < 1.3) when using the PLA T mediator with the lowest number average molecular weight M n = 6.1 kg/mol while broader molecular weight distributions were exhibited ( M w / M n = 1.47‐1.65) when using higher molecular weight mediators ( M n = 7.4 kg/mol and 11.3 kg/mol). Segmented P t BuS‐PS‐PLA triblocks were initiated cleanly from P t BuS‐PLA diblocks although polymerizations were very rapid with PS segments ∼ 5–10 kg/mol added within 3–10 min of polymerization at 130°C in 50 wt % DMF solution. Tapering from the P t BuS to the PS segment in semibatch mode at a lower temperature of 120°C and in 50 wt % DMF solution was effective in incorporating a short random segment of P t BuS‐ ran ‐PS while maintaining a relatively narrow monomodal molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n ≈ 1.5). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Older adults expend more listening effort than young adults recognizing audiovisual speech in noise (2011)

These results suggest that while visual cues can improve audiovisual speech recognition, they can also place an extra demand on processing resources with performance consequences for the word and tactile tasks under dual task conditions.
Closed surface reconstruction in X-ray tomography (2002)

We study the 3D reconstruction of a binary scene from X-ray tomographic data. In the special case of a compact and uniform object lying in a uniform background, the scene is entirely defined by the object surface. Then, we select parametric surface models, and we directly estimate their parameters from the data. After showing the ability of spherical harmonics and first order splines (polyhedra) to recover complex shapes, we develop an original method to estimate their parameters without using a voxel representation of the scene (object and background). Reconstructions are based on the optimization of regularized criteria, which account for the surfaces local smoothness. We use local optimization schemes, and we put the stress on their algorithmic aspects. We finally show the performance of the method on a set of incomplete synthetic data.