gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-2-Dependent Expression of Genes Involved in Cytoskeleton Organization, Oncogene Regulation, and Transcriptional Control (1999)

IL-2 induces growth, differentiation, and/or apoptosis of lymphoid cells. To study further the molecular basis of IL-2 function, we used a cDNA subtraction approach involving a cell line grown in IL-2 or IL-4. From the corresponding library, 66 nonredundant sequences were characterized; 16 of them encode identified proteins. The kinetics of in vitro expression of 8 selected sequences, the functions of which could be associated with IL-2-induced T cell activation/differentiation, was investigated using an IL-2-dependent T cell line. IL-2 increased the expression of cytoskeleton proteins (alpha-tubulin), oncogene-regulating proteins (CCCTC-binding factor, Jun inhibitor factor-1), and transcription factors (E2F-4, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein, zhx-1). IL-2 also regulated the expression of genes coding for multifunctional proteins, e.g., beta-catenin and nucleolin. These results were verified using Con A-induced T cell blasts stimulated or not by IL-2. The in vivo expression of four of these genes was also analyzed in spleen and lymph node cells of IL-2-deficient and MRL/lpr mice, which both have high numbers of activated cells, but the latter have intact IL-2 expression. The expression of beta-catenin, CCCTC-binding factor, Jun inhibitor factor-1, and nucleolin was significantly higher in MRL/lpr animals. A similar analysis of thymocytes from IL-2-/- and IL-2+/- mice demonstrated the same expression patterns of the 4 sequences in these strains. The expression of the IL-2-induced genes described herein is similar to the regulatory pattern of IL-2R alpha. Taken together, our data provide additional evidence for the pleiotropic action of IL-2 in the periphery and IL-2 independence of molecular processes involved in thymocyte differentiation.
Matrix fitting approach to direction of arrival estimation with imperfect spatial coherence of wavefronts (1997)

The performance of high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods significantly degrades in several practical situations where the wavefronts have imperfect spatial coherence. The original solution to this problem was proposed by Paulraj and Kailath (1988), but their technique requires a priori knowledge of the matrix characterizing the loss of wavefront coherence along the array aperture. A novel solution to this problem is proposed, which does not require a priori knowledge of the spatial coherence matrix.
Sexual Function Assessment in Postmenopausal Women with the 14-Item Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (2011)

Assessed with the CSFQ-14 tool, sexual function of this postmenopausal sample correlated to female/partner educational, lifestyle, and health factors. More research is warranted in this regard.
X-ray Absorption Studies on the Mixed-Valence and Fully Reduced Forms of the Soluble Cu<sub>A</sub> Domains of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase (1997)

Cytochrome oxidase is the terminal oxidase in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the generation of cellular energy via the process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The enzyme contains two Fe and three Cu centers which together provide the redox machinery for the reduction of O2 to water. Recently, X-ray crystallography has provided the first three-dimensional description of the coordination spheres of the metal centers. However, the structures show the metal sites at low resolution, and in order to fully understand the mechanism of the reaction, it is desirable to determine the metrical details (bond lengths and angles) to much higher precision. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is unique in its ability to provide such detail, and we have applied the technique to determining the structure of the CuA center, a thiolate-bridged binuclear copper cluster in which the coppers are bridged by two cysteine ligands and have an extremely short Cu−Cu distance of ∼2.4 Å. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which had previously predicted the short Cu−Cu distance, has been used to further refine the structural details of the site in both the mixed-valence and fully reduced forms of the enzymes from Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. The results have defined the structure of the CuA core as a Cu2S2 diamond with Cu−S bond lengths of 2.3 Å, Cu−Cu = 2.44 Å, and very acute Cu−S−Cu angles of 65°. One-electron reduction produces only minor changes in the core geometry, with the Cu−S and Cu−Cu bond lengths increasing to 2.33 and 2.51 Å, respectively, but with the Cu−S−Cu angle remaining unchanged at 65°. The unusually high Cu−S Debye−Waller terms imply that there is significant asymmetry in the Cu2S2 diamond core derived from inequivalent Cu−S bond lengths. Both the metrical parameters and the temperature dependence of the Debye−Waller factors exhibit subtle differences between the mixed-valence and fully reduced proteins which suggest that the short distance may be the result, in part, of a weak metal−metal bond. The results suggest that the function of the unusual CuA cluster is to provide a site with minimal structural perturbation occurring during electron transfer. Thus, they provide an excellent rationalization for the very low reorganizational energy, λ, observed for the CuA center.
Enhancement of mitomycin C uptake by isoproterenol in rat ascites hepatoma. (1986)

The amounts of mitomycin C (MMC) taken up into rat ascites hepatoma cells were determined by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of the incubation medium at 363 nm. The extracellular concentration of MMC decreased progressively in AH130 cell suspension and no peaks other than MMC were detected by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isoproterenol (IPN) enhanced the uptake of MMC into AH44 and AH130 cells but not AH13 cells in which the uptake increased by N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP). The increase of uptake of MMC by IPN was inhibited by propranolol and the uptake of MMC increased in a dose-dependent manner by theophylline in AH130 cells. The maximum combined cytotoxicity was observed when AH130 cells were treated with IPN at 10(-7) M for 30 min before the exposure to MMC and, in this pretreatment condition, the uptake of MMC was enhanced in parallel with the increase of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) level in the cells. On the other hand, MMC, which had no stimulating effect on the intracellular cyclic AMP level, nevertheless maintained a high level of intracellular cyclic AMP elevated by IPN for a longer period than in the treatment with IPN alone and prolonged the period of acceleration of the uptake of MMC. In the in vivo combined treatment with IPN and MMC, the life span of AH44-bearing rats was prolonged and 2 out of 6 rats were cured, while the mean survival time of the rats treated with MMC alone was 11.3 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) inhibits apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons (2001)

The neuroprotective mechanisms of the Ca2+/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) signaling pathway were studied in primary cerebellar neurons in vitro. When switched from depolarizing culture conditions HK (extracellular K+ 30 mM) to LK (K+ 5 mM), these neurons rapidly undergo nuclear fragmentation, a typical feature of apoptosis. We present evidence that blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels (nifedipine sensitive) but not N/P/Q-type Ca2+ channels (omega-conotoxin MVIIC sensitive) triggered apoptosis and CPP32/caspase-3-like activity. The entry into apoptosis was associated with a progressive caspase-3-dependent cleavage of CaMKIV, but not of CaMKII. CaMKIV function in neuronal apoptosis was further investigated by overexpression of CaMKIV mutants by gene transfer. A dominant-active CaMKIV mutant inhibited LK-induced apoptosis whereas a dominant-negative form induced apoptosis in HK, suggesting that CaMKIV exerts neuroprotective effects. The transcription factor CREB is a well-described nuclear target of CaMKIV in neurons. When switched to LK, the level of phosphorylation of CREB, after an initial drop, further declined progressively with kinetics comparable to those of CaMKIV degradation. This decrease was abolished by caspase-3 inhibitor. These data are compatible with a model where Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels prevents caspase-dependent cleavage of CaMKIV and promotes neuronal survival by maintaining a constitutive level of CaMKIV/CREB-dependent gene expression.
Holey and Unholey Semiconductors (1999)

Cooling electronic devices can often be necessary to optimize performance. Traditional approaches to cooling are typically based on thermodynamic cycles involving compression and expansion of refrigerant gases (such as Freon). The heat required for vaporization is drawn from the materials or the volume (for example, a refrigerator) that is to be cooled. Thermoelectric (TE) materials, in contrast, do not rely on chemicals or gases but rather on a special physical phenomena called the Peltier effect, which is explained in detail below (1). In TE materials, heat is not primarily transported by the lattice but by the electrical charge carriers—electrons or holes. Applying an electrical current through a TE material cools one end and transports the heat to the other end of the material or device. This has distinct advantages in that it is solid-state refrigeration, without moving parts and vibrations, and with quiet performance and the ability for localized “spot” cooling. This can be very important for many semiconducting and other electronic devices. But until recently, the efficiency of TE devices has been frustratingly low, and applications remain limited.
PI3 kinase inhibitors in the clinic: an update. (2012)

The phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway has been identified as a key signaling pathway for important cellular functions such as growth control, metabolism and translation initiation. Several proteins within this pathway are valuable anticancer drug targets, among which several inhibitors of mTOR are now administered in routine practice. A better understanding of the structure and functions of PI3K has led to the development of novel inhibitors that have a more favorable toxicity profile as compared to the first generation of anti-PI3K drugs. In this article, we review the basics of PI3K biology and focus on its inhibitors, currently under investigation in clinical trials. The perspective for future directions in the setting of PI3K inhibition and novel trials is also discussed.
Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia (2002)

Few data from rigorous clinical trials assessing ALE for treating hypercholesterolaemia exist. Beneficial effects are reported, the evidence however is not compelling. The limited data on safety suggest only mild, transient and infrequent adverse events with the short term use of ALE. More rigorous clinical trials assessing larger patient samples over longer intervention periods are needed to establish whether ALE is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
The antitumor ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 induces apoptosis through translocation and capping of Fas/CD95 into membrane rafts in human leukemic cells (2001)

The antitumor ether lipid ET-18-OCH(3) promotes apoptosis in tumor cells through intracellular activation of Fas/CD95. Results of this study showed that ET-18-OCH(3) induces cocapping of Fas and membrane rafts, specialized plasma membrane regions involved in signaling, before the onset of apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Patches of membrane rafts accumulated Fas clusters in leukemic cells treated with ET-18-OCH(3). Sucrose gradient centrifugation of Triton X-100 cell lysates showed that Fas translocated into membrane rafts following ET-18-OCH(3) treatment of T-leukemic Jurkat cells. Disruption of membrane raft integrity by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or filipin inhibited ET-18-OCH(3)-induced apoptosis in leukemic primary cells and cell lines. Fas clustering was also inhibited by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. These data indicate that ET-18-OCH(3) reorganizes membrane rafts to trigger apoptosis in human leukemic cells, and that Fas coaggregation with membrane rafts is required for ET-18-OCH(3)-induced apoptosis. This translocation of Fas into membrane rafts may provide a mechanism for amplifying Fas signaling by reorganization of membrane microdomains.
Cardiac progenitor cell‑derived exosomes promote H9C2 cell growth via Akt/mTOR activation (2018)

Exosomes are cell‑derived vesicles released from a variety of mammalian cells that are involved in cell‑to‑cell signalling. It has been reported that cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from an adult heart are one of the most promising stem cell types for cardioprotection and repair. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a pivotal regulator in CPCs, therefore, CPC‑derived exosomes were used in the present study to investigate whether it can promote H9C2 cell growth through the protein kinase B (PKB, or Akt)/mTOR signalling pathway. The CPCs were isolated from Sprague‑Dawley hearts. Following treatment with a specific medium, the exosomes were purified and identified by electron micrograph and western blot assays, using CD63 and CD81 as markers. The methyl‑thiazolyl‑tetrazolium and 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine methods were used to detect H9C2 cell growth. The expression of Akt and mTOR were detected by western blot analysis following treatment with 200 or 400 µg/ml of exosomes for 24 or 48 h, respectively. It was found that, compared with higher concentrations of exosomes, prolonging the duration of exposure promoted cell growth. Accordingly, CPC‑derived exosomes stimulated the expression of Akt to a marked degree; groups treated with exosomes for 48 h showed higher expression of Akt than those treated for 24 h at the same concentration. mTOR was also stimulated by CPC‑derived exosomes. The activation of mTOR increased in accordance with the treatment time at an exosome concentration of 200 µg/ml and decreased with treatment time at an exosome concentration of 400 µg/ml. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CPC‑derived exosomes promoted H9C2 cell growth via the activation of Akt/mTOR in a time‑dependent manner at a relatively low exosome concentration, which may provide a novel therapy for cardiovascular disease.
Chromogranin A as Tumor Marker in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (1992)

Triiodothyronine (T3) kinetic studies were performed on ten clinically non-fasting euthyroid obese individuals and on eight normal subjects. Kinetic analysis was carried out according to a three-pool model whose basic approach involved the acquisition of data from both vascular and extravascular sources. The former were represented by the plasma disappearance curves of iv injected radiolabeled T3. The latter included fecal and urinary losses and liver, kidney and thigh uptake. A detailed comparison of the T3 kinetics of obese and normal individuals did not uncover many differences between these two groups in the way the hormone is distributed, metabolized and excreted. The mean value for the plasma equivalent distribution volume of T3(VD3) in obese individuals (27.05 L) was not significantly different from that in controls (24.60 L) nor were significant differences observed between the mean value for the plasma appearance rate of the hormone (PAR3) in obese subjects (29.80 micrograms/day) and that in controls (30.05 micrograms/day). The mean value for the size of the slow pool (Qc), including fatty tissue as well as skeletal muscle, was unchanged in obese individuals when compared with controls, although in the obese subjects the mean value for the mass of fatty tissue was about 5 times greater. In addition, in obese individuals, the mean value for the fractional rate transfer from plasma to the slow pool (Kca), which was 9.06 day-1, did not significantly differ from that in controls (9.22 day-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polarization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ne</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>by Spin Exchange with Optically Pumped Rb Vapor (1985)

We report investigations of spin exchange between $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ nuclei and optically pumped Rb vapor. Polarization of 30% ($〈{K}_{z}〉=0.46$) of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ has been achieved with a vapor pressure of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ of Rb. This high density of alkali metal can be efficiently optically pumped only when light trapping is suppressed by inclusion of at least 100 Torr of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. In addition, we have made the first accurate measurement of the binary-collision spin-exchange rate: $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}v〉=(4.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Extension of these techniques to $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has yielded 5% polarization of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a preliminary experiment.
Secure Computation on Floating Point Numbers. (2012)

Abstract—Secure computation undeniably received a lot of attention in the recent years, with the shift toward cloud computing offering a new incentive for secure computation and outsourcing. Surprisingly little attention, however, has been paid to computation with non-integer data types. To narrow this gap, in this work we develop efficient solutions for computation with real numbers in floating point representation, as well as more complex operations such as square root, logarithm, and exponentiation. Our techniques are information-theoretically secure, do not use expensive cryptographic techniques, and can be applied to a variety of settings. Our experimental results also show that the techniques exhibit rather fast performance and in some cases outperform operations on integers. I.
The Effects of Overuse Combined With Intrinsic or Extrinsic Alterations in an Animal Model of Rotator Cuff Tendinosis (1998)

An in vivo animal model was used to evaluate overuse and overuse plus intrinsic tendon injury or extrinsic tendon compression in the development of rotator cuff injury. Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups of 22. Each left shoulder received an intrinsic or extrinsic injury plus overuse (treadmill running), and each right shoulder received only overuse. Eleven rats from each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Supraspinatus tendons were evaluated histologically or geometrically and biomechanically. Ten rats constituted a cage-activity control group. Both supraspinatus tendons of the experimental groups had increases in cellularity and collagen disorganization and changes in cell shape compared with control tendons. Tendons with injury plus overuse exhibited a worse histologic grade than those with overuse alone. The cross-sectional area of both supraspinatus tendons of the experimental rats was significantly more than in control tendons. The area of the injury plus overuse tendons was increased on average compared with overuse-alone tendons. Biomechanically, the tissue moduli of overuse/intrinsic injury tendons at 4 weeks and those of the overuse/extrinsic injury tendons at 8 weeks were significantly lower than in control tendons. Tissue moduli of the overuse/injury tendons were significantly lower than in the overuse-alone tendons at 8 weeks. This study demonstrated that damage to the supraspinatus tendon can be caused by overuse and intrinsic injury, overuse and extrinsic compression, and overuse alone.
A power line data communication interface using spread spectrum technology in home automation (1996)

Building automation technology is rapidly developing towards more reliable communication systems, devices that control electronic equipment. This equipment, if controlled, leads to efficient energy management, and savings on the monthly electricity bill. Power line communication (PLC) has been one of the dreams of the electronics industry for decades, especially for building automation. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate communication methods among electronic control devices through an AC power line carrier within the buildings for more efficient energy control. The paper outlines methods of communication over a power line, namely the X-10 and CE bus. It also introduces the spread spectrum technology as to increase speed to 100-150 times faster than the X-10 system. The power line carrier has tremendous applications in the field of building automation. The paper presents an attempt to realize a smart house concept, so called, in which all home electronic devices from a coffee maker to a water heater microwave to chaos robots will be utilized by an intelligent network whenever one wishes to do so. The designed system may be applied very profitably to help in energy management for both customer and utility.
Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing a Homeobox Gene Shows a Developmental Interaction between Leaf Morphogenesis and Phyllotaxy (1999)

The tobacco gene, NTH1, encodes a polypeptide of 326 amino acids and is a member of the class1 KN1-type family of homeobox genes. Expression of NTH1 has mainly been observed in vegetative and reproductive shoot apices, not observed in roots or expanded leaves. Over-expression of NTH1 in transgenic plants caused abnormal leaf morphology, consisting of wrinkling and curvature. Interestingly, the direction of leaf curvature tended to be conserved among almost all of the leaves in any given transformant. In transgenic plants exhibiting clockwise or anticlockwise phyllotaxy, leaves curved to the right or left, respectively, when looking from the shoot apex toward the base. Micro-surgical experiments demonstrated that the presence of the shoot apex is necessary for the development of leaf curvature, indicating that the order of formation of leaves on the stem (the generative spiral) affects leaf development. We found a correlation between the severity of leaf curvature and the value of the plastochron ratio, a parameter of phyllotaxy. Transformants with more severe phenotypes had larger plastochron ratios. From these findings, we discuss the possibility that an increase in the plastochron ratio, caused by over-expression of NTH1 in the shoot apex, may be involved in leaf curvature.
Blind estimation of reverberation time based on spectro-temporal modulation filtering (2013)

A novel method for blind estimation of the reverberation time (RT60) is proposed based on applying spectro-temporal modulation filters to time-frequency representations. 2D-Gabor filters arranged in a filterbank enable an analysis of the properties of temporal, spectral, and spectro-temporal filtering for this task. Features are used as input to a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier combined with a simple decision rule that attributes a specific RT60 to a given utterance and allows to assess the reliability of the approach for different resolutions of RT60 classification. While the filter set including temporal, spectral, and spectro-temporal filters already outperforms an MFCC baseline, the error rates are further reduced when relying on diagonal spectro-temporal filters alone. The average error rate is 1.9% for the best feature set, which corresponds to a relative reduction of 58.3% compared to the MFCC baseline for RT60s in 0.1 s resolution.