gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GHz Asynchronous SRAM in 65nm (2009)

This paper details the design of > 1 GHz pipelined asynchronous SRAMs in TSMC's 65 nm GP process. We show how targeted timing assumptions improve an otherwise quasi delay-insensitive (QDI) design. The speed, area, and power of our SRAMs are compared to commercially available synchronous SRAMs in the same technology. We also present novel techniques for implementing large pseudo dual-ported memories that support simultaneous reads and writes. The most sophisticated of three designs yields a fully provisioned dual-ported memory using multiple single-ported banks connected by dual-ported buses, plus a small side-band memory to avoid bank conflicts. We discuss our solutions for manufacturing defects, soft-errors, and analog robustness with attention to .advantages and challenges of our asynchronous methodology. Laboratory measurements of a test-chip demonstrate correct functionality at speeds well over a GHz. Our single-ported SRAM designs are larger but faster than the alternate synchronous designs, while our novel dual-ported implementations can be both smaller and much faster. These technology advantages lead directly to competitive advantages for our future commercial products.
The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018)

Diet affects multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Dietary nutrients are essential not only for human health but also for the health and survival of the trillions of microbes that reside within the human intestines. Diet is a key component of the relationship between humans and their microbial residents; gut microbes use ingested nutrients for fundamental biological processes, and the metabolic outputs of those processes may have important impacts on human physiology. Studies in humans and animal models are beginning to unravel the underpinnings of this relationship, and increasing evidence suggests that it may underlie some of the broader effects of diet on human health and disease.
Compact Region Extraction Using Weighted Pixel Linking in a Pyramid (1984)

This correspondence describes a method of image segmentation based on a ``pyramid'' of reduced-resolution versions of the image. It defines link strengths between pixels at adjacent levels of the pyramid, based on proximity and similarity, and iteratively recomputes the pixel values and adjusts the link strengths. After a few iterations, the strengths stabilize, and the links that remain strong define subtrees of the pyramid; the leaves of each tree are the pixels belonging to a compact (piece of a) homogeneous region in the image.
Overexpression in Escherichia coli of the AT-rich trpA and trpB genes from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (2002)

Expression of AT-rich genes from microorganisms such as archaea is often inefficient in Escherichia coli. The trpA and trpB genes encoding the tryptophan synthase subunits were cloned from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. No apparent difference in codon bias was found between the genes. However, using a conventional cloning vector having the lac promoter, the trpB gene was expressed poorly in E. coli, whereas the trpA gene was overexpressed. The expression of the trpB gene was remarkably enhanced (>12-fold) by the introduction of an overlapping leader open reading frame. The expression of the trpA gene was also improved (∼1.5-fold). This approach may be useful for overexpressing various kinds of AT-rich genes.
Polynucleotide Celluloses as Solid State Primers and Templates for Polymerases (1968)

Abstract An oligomer of deoxyribothymidylate in 5'-ester linkage to cellulose particles serves as a primer and template for the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase, as a template for RNA polymerase, and as an initiator for the calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Synthesis by DNA polymerase of the homopolymer pair, polydeoxyriboadenylate and polydeoxyribothymidylate, takes place when oligodeoxyribothymidylate cellulose is hydrogen-bonded to an oligodeoxyriboadenylate to form a template pair. The product contains deoxythymidylate covalently linked to the cellulose and deoxyadenylate hydrogen-bonded to the deoxythymidylate. Block copolymers formed by transferase extension of an oligonucleotide cellulose can form hybrids with other synthetic polymers according to base pair specificities. Single stranded DNA extended with a homopolymer by terminal transferase can hydrogen bond via the homopolymer region to a complementary derivative of polynucleotide cellulose. Upon replication with DNA polymerase, the product strand is covalently attached to the cellulose. The advantages of the polynucleotide cellulose system include the known polarity of primer and product, the ease of quantitative collection and separation of the insoluble template and complementary product, and the capacity to distinguish between reactions occurring free in solution and those involving components fixed to a solid state matrix.
Periodic U-Slot-Loaded Dual-Band Half-Width Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antennas for Forward and Backward Beam Scanning (2015)

Half-width microstrip leaky-wave antennas (HW-MLWAs) are generally single band. Here, we present a new method to achieve dual-band operation from an HW-MLWA by periodically loading the antenna with U-shaped slots. These dual-band MLWAs are able to steer the beam in forward directions in one band and in backward directions in the other band. One of the antenna designs was prototyped and tested, and excellent agreement between the predicted and measured results were observed. The measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth of the first and second bands are 19.5% (5.24-6.37 GHz) and 13.2% (7.9-9.02 GHz), respectively. The antenna can steer the main beam from 30° to 65° in the first band and from -46° to -10° in the second band by sweeping the frequency from 5.25 to 6.25 GHz and 7.75 to 9 GHz, respectively. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 12.2 and 14.1 dBi in the first and second bands, respectively. Although the antenna parameters are optimized for dual-band operation, the radiation properties in another higher frequency band (third band) are also explored. In the third band, the antenna beam continuously scans from backward to forward direction as frequency increases. Moreover, this U-slot loaded single-layer half-width LWA is easy to fabricate.
Heparin- and basic fibroblast growth factor-incorporated degradable stent: comparison with traditional transmyocardial revascularization. (2011)

TMDR and stent implantation is more effective in enhancement of myocardial viability, improvement of global LV function, and attenuation of LV remodeling than TMDR.
Synthesis of aluminium nitride nanocrystals and their catalytic effect on the polymerization of benzene (2002)

Aluminium nitride (AlN) nanocrystals were prepared by the benzene thermal method at low temperature (110oC) and low pressure (0.12–0.14 MPa). Owing to the catalytic effect of AlN nanocrystals, 5–8% benzene was converted at 150oC and 0.1–0.3 MPa into several polymers, mainly cyclohexylbenzene, 1, 1'-biphenyl and 1', 1-methylenebisbenzene. In contrast, when the pure benzene without AlN nanocrystals was heated to 200oC, no new product could be detected. The mechanism of the polymerization of benzene in the presence of AlN nanocrystals is briefly discussed on basis of a model of the coordination chemistry.
Blind estimation of channel and modulation scheme in adaptive modulation schemes for OFDM-CDMA based 4G systems (2004)

Adaptive modulation is proposed by many researchers for future generation wireless networks based on multi-carrier transmission technologies. In this paper, we propose and investigate some blind mechanisms at the receiver of the adaptive modulation based coded OFDM-CDMA systems in Rayleigh fading channels for the enhancement of the systems in terms of both the practical implementation and data throughput capacity. In this respect, blind techniques to estimate the channel impulse response and modulation scheme are proposed and investigated and their effect on the BER performance of the systems are also analyzed. A subspace based algorithm is proposed to estimate the channel impulse response blindly. This estimate is then used to coherently demodulate the OFDM-CDMA signals and adaptively switches the modulation schemes for varying channel conditions. Furthermore, an algorithm to estimate the modulation scheme at the receiver is also proposed. Results show error free estimation of modulation scheme for a maximum of 7 active users in the system at a channel condition of 20 dB. Simulation results show that in some situations, the systems based on blind channel estimation show little degradation in terms of the BER performance compared to the pilot based scheme. However, the advantages of blind estimation schemes far outweigh this degradation.
D2R MAP - A database to RDF mapping language (2003)

The vision of the Semantic Web is to give data on the web a welldefined meaning by representing it in RDF and linking it to commonly accepted ontologies. Most formatted data today is stored in relational databases. To be able to use this data on the Semantic Web, we need a flexible but easy to use mechanism to map relational data into RDF. The poster presents D2R MAP, a declarative language to describe mappings between relational database schemata and OWL ontologies.
Reconstitution of <i>UCP1</i> using CRISPR/Cas9 in the white adipose tissue of pigs decreases fat deposition and improves thermogenic capacity (2017)

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane and generates heat by uncoupling ATP synthesis from proton transit across the inner membrane. UCP1 is a key element of nonshivering thermogenesis and is most likely important in the regulation of body adiposity. Pigs (Artiodactyl family <i>Suidae</i>) lack a functional UCP1 gene, resulting in poor thermoregulation and susceptibility to cold, which is an economic and pig welfare issue owing to neonatal mortality. Pigs also have a tendency toward fat accumulation, which may be linked to their lack of UCP1, and thus influences the efficiency of pig production. Here, we report application of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated, homologous recombination (HR)-independent approach to efficiently insert mouse adiponectin-UCP1 into the porcine endogenous <i>UCP1</i> locus. The resultant UCP1 knock-in (KI) pigs showed an improved ability to maintain body temperature during acute cold exposure, but they did not have alterations in physical activity levels or total daily energy expenditure (DEE). Furthermore, ectopic UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) dramatically decreased fat deposition by 4.89% (<i>P</i> < 0.01), consequently increasing carcass lean percentage (CLP; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Mechanism studies indicated that the loss of fat upon UCP1 activation in WAT was linked to elevated lipolysis. UCP1 KI pigs are a potentially valuable resource for agricultural production through their combination of cold adaptation, which improves pig welfare and reduces economic losses, with reduced fat deposition and increased lean meat production.
Use of gamma radiation to control algae (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of gamma radiation to control algaeS. D. Morton and P. H. DerseCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1968, 2, 11, 1041–1043Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60022a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es60022a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self‐Assembly of a DNA Dodecahedron from 20 Trisoligonucleotides with <i>C</i> <sub> 3 <i>h</i> </sub> Linkers (2008)

Can 20 trisoligonucleotides with 20×3 individual sequences be programmed to self-assemble into a DNA dodecahedron? The answer is yes if one starts from a new generation of trisoligonucleotides based on C3h-symmetric linkers with proper flexibility. The resulting dodecahedron has C1 symmetry and may facilitate the construction of multimodular scaffolds in the future. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z702682_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mobile communication & service continuity in a train scenario (2005)

The fundamental goal of this research is to allow mobile users, in particular train passengers and train crew, to traverse seamlessly across different wireless network technologies while ensuring service continuity and a certain level of QoS in different application domains (data, audio, video, gaming, etc.). Assuming that most of the train passengers use standard 802.11 client adapters inside of their Windows running devices, we present a vendor-independent solution to let the passengers seamlessly enjoy the broadband services while moving in or around the train.
Detecting dementia in Mandarin Chinese using transfer learning from a parallel corpus (2019)

Machine learning has shown promise for automatic detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through speech; however, efforts are hampered by a scarcity of data, especially in languages other than English. We propose a method to learn a correspondence between independently engineered lexicosyntactic features in two languages, using a large parallel corpus of out-of-domain movie dialogue data. We apply it to dementia detection in Mandarin Chinese, and demonstrate that our method outperforms both unilingual and machine translation-based baselines. This appears to be the first study that transfers feature domains in detecting cognitive decline.
Fundamentals of Energy Conversion and Dissipation in Powder Layers during Laser Micro Sintering (2013)

Under consideration of already published approaches, energy absorption and conversion of a laser beam penetrating into a powder layer is described as a function of grain size, grain density, laser beam intensity, and material properties. The simulations are based on a ray tracing algorithm and show typical results of the early dissipation phase regarding the energy form and the spatial distribution in the irradiated powder. An approach for the estimation of the powder layer thickness is proposed; optimum thicknesses are derived. The findings are applied to interpret observations that have been made during laser micro sintering of molybdenum powder.
The mitochondrial location of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (1985)

Using the digitonin method and subsequent fractionation of rat liver mitochondria, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (penultimate enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway) was found to be closely associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane fraction. Chemical treatment with non-specific probes (trypsin and diazobenzene sulfonate) of either intact or inverted mitoplasts, indicated that protoporphyrinogen oxidase was anchored within the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane. Protoporphyrinogen had an equal access to the active site of the enzyme from both sides of the inner membrane and its transformation to protoporphyrin did not appear to be energy-dependent. Studies of protoporphyrinogen synthesis from exogenously added coproporphyrinogen in either intact or hypoosmotically treated mitochondria underlined the importance of the peculiar submitochondrial location of coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase for the transfer of substrates to the inner membrane.
ESR spectral transition by arteriovenous cycle in nitric oxide hemoglobin of cytokine-treated rats (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) generation was induced in rats by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of NO hemoglobin (HbNO). However, there were inconsistencies in ESR spectral shape among them. We have therefore carried out a systematic study to clarify the in vivo spectral changes. First, the spectra of the alpha-NO heme species had the distinct three-line hyperfine structure in venous blood but not in arterial blood in all rats treated with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and/or LPS, and methemoglobin was not detected at the g = 6 (high-spin methemoglobin) region. Second, when the treated rats died, the three-line hyperfine structure was very distinct even in arterial blood. Third, even if HbNO was formed by injection of nitrite to rats, the three-line hyperfine structure of HbNO in venous blood was more marked than that in arterial blood, independent of the appearance of the methemoglobin signal. Fourth, an ex vivo study using whole blood demonstrated that the three-line hyperfine structure intensified lineally when O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreased but disappeared on reoxygenation of hemoglobin. These results directly demonstrate in vivo quaternary structural transition of the hemoglobin tetramer from the high-affinity state in the arterial cycle to the low-affinity state in the venous cycle. The transition makes the diverse ESR spectra of HbNO in vivo.
New simple virtual walking method – walking on the spot (2004)

In CAVE-like environments human locomotion is significantly restricted due to physical space and configural constraints. Interaction techniques based upon stepping in place have been suggested as a way to simulate long range locomotion. We describe a new method for step detection and estimation of forward walking speed and direction in an immersive virtual environment. To calibrate our system and to help in the modeling of the stepping behaviour, we collected motion capture data during real locomotion down a hallway while walking at different freely selected speeds, from very slow to very fast. From this data, the empirical relation between the forward speed of real walking and the trajectory of the leg motion during stepping was established. A simple model of stepping motion was fit for individual subjects. The model was used to estimate forward walking speed and direction from step characteristics during walking in place in a six-walled virtual environment. The system provides natural and effective simulated gait for interaction and travel within the virtual environment and provides the ability to study human locomotion and navigation in a CAVE-like environment.
Excretion of organic carbon as function of nutrient stress (1984)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Excretion and Nutrients Conclusion Literature References
Electrical properties of polymer composites prepared by sintering a mixture of carbon black and ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene powder (1997)

Abstract Conductive polymer composites were prepared by sintering a mixture of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder and carbon black. Two processing parameters—time and temperature—were shown to have a notable effect on the resistivity of the composites. The relationships between the processing parameters and morphology were studied using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the optical microscopy studies indicate that the carbon black is distributed in the interfacial regions between the UHMWPE particles. The dimension of the carbon black channels increases with the carbon black concentration. TEM micrographs show that a high degree of intermixing between the carbon black and the polymer occurs at higher temperatures and longer processing times, resulting in higher resistivities. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect was observed for these materials. A mechanism for the PTC effect in this system is proposed. The magnitude of the PTC effect is found to be inversely proportional to the dimension of the carbon black channels in the composites. The dimension is directly related to the carbon black concentration. The PTC effect is a result of the polymer volume expansion caused by melting of the crystallites. A large PTC effect is observed for the composites with a low carbon black concentration and vice versa. No negative temperature effect (NTC) is observed at temperatures substantially above the melting point of the polymer.
Effect of soluble Mn concentration on oxidation kinetics (2003)

This study examined the effect of initial manganous ion (Mn 2+ ) concentration and oxidant dose on the oxidation of Mn 2+ to Mn oxide during water treatment. The oxidants studied were chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), and ozone. Initial Mn 2+ concentrations were 60, 200, and 1,000 μg/L, and the goal of the treatment was a final Mn 2+ <10 μg/L. Bench‐scale experiments were performed by applying different doses of each oxidant to a raw surface water and measuring Mn 2+ residuals over time. For all experiments, the ambient raw water conditions were pH 7.0, 9°C, and total organic carbon = 3.4 mg/L. Oxidation kinetics for low initial Mn 2+ concentrations (60 and 200 μg/L) were significantly slower than for high concentrations (1,000 μg/L). For the lower initial Mn 2+ levels, ClO 2 was the only oxidant that consistently produced final Mn 2+ <10 μg/L, generally within 60–120 s. All oxidants produced final Mn 2+ <10 μg/L when the initial Mn 2+ concentration was 1,000 μg/L. Oxidation with ozone consistently resulted in soluble Mn 2+ >20 μg/L after 5 min, with the formation of permanganate ion in many cases. For low Mn 2+ concentrations, 90% oxidation by KMnO 4 required 15–30 min.
Evaluation of the induced electric field and compliance procedure for a wireless power transfer system in an electrical vehicle (2013)

In this study, an induced electric field in a human body is evaluated for the magnetic field leaked from a wireless power transfer system for charging an electrical vehicle. The magnetic field from the wireless power transfer system is modelled computationally, and its effectiveness is confirmed by comparison with the field measured in a previous study. The induced electric field in a human standing around the vehicle is smaller than the allowable limit prescribed in international guidelines, although the magnetic field strength in the human body is locally higher than the allowable external field strength. Correlation between the external magnetic field and the induced electric field is confirmed to be reasonable at least in the standing posture, which is the case discussed in the international standard. Based on this finding, we discussed and confirmed the applicability of a three-point magnetic field measurement at heights of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m for safety compliance.
Misdiagnosis of Hereditary Amyloidosis as AL (Primary) Amyloidosis (2002)

A genetic cause should be sought in all patients with amyloidosis that is not the reactive systemic amyloid A type and in whom confirmation of the AL type cannot be obtained.