gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cationic (N‐Heterocyclic carbene)silver Complex as Catalyst for Bulk Ring‐Opening Polymerization of <scp>L</scp>‐Lactides (2006)

Abstract Synthetic, theoretical, and catalysis studies of a cationic functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene complex of silver, namely[{1‐isopropyl‐3‐( N ‐phenylacetamido)imidazol‐2‐ylidene} 2 Ag] + Cl – ( 1b ), is reported. Specifically, 1b was synthesized by the reaction of 1‐isopropyl‐3‐( N ‐phenylacetamido)imidazolium chloride ( 1a ) with Ag 2 O in 64 % yield; 1a was synthesized by the alkylation reaction of 1‐isopropylimidazole with N ‐phenyl chloroacetamide in 90 % yield. The molecular structure of 1b was determined by X‐ray diffraction studies and was found to be active for polymerization of L ‐lactide at elevated temperatures under solvent‐free melt conditions to give polylactide of moderate molecular weight with narrow molecular weight distribution. Density functional theory studies of the cationic species 2b , derived from NHC silver complex 1b , were employed to obtain an understanding of the structure, bonding, and electronic features of the molecule. Bonding in complex 2b has been probed with the help of charge decomposition analysis (CDA), the atoms in molecules (AIM) approach as well as natural bond orbital (NBO) methods. The Ag–NHC bond has been found to be more covalent with NHC acting as an effective σ‐donor. The π‐back‐bonding from the metal atom to the ligand was found to be negligible. It has been noticed that the imidazole rings remain nearly orthogonal with respect to each other, in contrast to the experimental geometry. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as Ag ··· O interaction involving the carbonyl oxygen atoms have been identified as additional stabilizing factors contributing towards the lower energy conformer of 2b compared to the corresponding planar geometry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Neurotoxic methamphetamine regimen severely impairs recognition memory in rats (2003)

Methamphetamine (mAMPH), when administered repeatedly to rodents or primates, is neurotoxic to some cortical neurons and to forebrain dopaminergic and serotonergic axon terminals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a neurotoxic regimen of mAMPH on two hippocampus-dependent memory tasks: object recognition, a nonspatial memory task, and the Morris water maze, a spatial memory task. Male rats were treated with mAMPH (4 x 4.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline and trained in the object recognition task 1 week and 3 weeks later. During training, animals explored two identical copies of the same object. In retention test sessions one of the objects was replaced by a novel object. mAMPH-treated rats showed no recognition memory during the short-term memory (STM) test, given 90 min after the training session, and showed marked impairments in the long-term memory (LTM) test, given 24 h after training. Even 3 weeks after drug injections, the mAMPH-treated animals were unable to discriminate between the novel and familiar objects during both STM and LTM tests. Despite the severe deficits observed in the recognition memory, no effects of prior mAMPH treatment were seen in the water maze task. Damage to monoamine terminals was confirmed by significant 30-40% losses of [(125)I]RTI-55 binding to striatal dopamine transporter and hippocampal serotonin transporter sites at both 1 and 3 weeks after mAMPH treatments. Thus, administration of mAMPH restricted to a single day can produce a profound, persistent, and selective deficit in a nonspatial hippocampus-dependent memory.
Towards accurate recovery of shape from shading under diffuse lighting (1996)

We present a surface radiance model for diffuse lighting that incorporates shadows, interreflections, and surface orientation. We show that, for smooth surfaces, the model is an excellent approximation of the radiosity equation. We present a new data structure and algorithm that uses this model to compute shape-from-shading under diffuse lighting. The algorithm was tested on both synthetic and real images, and performs more accurately than the only previous algorithm for this problem. Various causes of error are discussed, including approximation errors in image modelling, poor local constraints at the image boundary, and ill-conditioning of the problem itself.
Three New Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters from <i>Equisetum hiemale</i> L. (2012)

Abstract Three new monosubstituted sucrose fatty acid esters, 1 – 3 , were isolated from Equisetum hiemale L., together with nine known compounds, 4 – 12 . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 5, 6 , and 10 – 12 were isolated from the title plant for the first time. All these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. However, none of them was cytotoxic.
Significance-aware filtering for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (2016)

This article summarizes and extends the recently proposed concept of Significance-Aware (SA) filtering for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation. The core idea of SA filtering is to decompose the estimation of the nonlinear echo path into beneficially interacting subsystems, each of which can be adapted with high computational efficiency. The previously proposed SA Hammerstein Group Models (SA-HGMs) decompose the nonlinear acoustic echo path into a direct-path part, modeled by a Hammerstein Group Model (HGM) and a complementary part, modeled by a very efficient Hammerstein model. In this article, we furthermore propose a novel Equalization-based SA (ESA) structure, where the echo path is equalized by a linear filter to allow for an estimation of the loudspeaker nonlinearities by very small and efficient models. Additionally, we provide a novel in-depth analysis of the computational complexity of the previously proposed SA and the novel ESA filters and compare both SA filtering approaches to each other, to adaptive HGMs, and to linear filters, where fast partitioned-block frequency-domain realizations of the competing filter structures are considered. Finally, the echo reduction performance of the proposed SA filtering approaches is verified using real recordings from a commercially available smartphone. Beyond the scope of previous publications on SA-HGMs, the ability of the SA filters to generalize for double-talk situations is explicitly considered as well. The low complexity as well as the good echo reduction performance of both SA filters illustrate the potential of SA filtering in practice.
7-Deazaadenines Bearing Polar Substituents:  Structure−Activity Relationships of New A<sub>1</sub>and A<sub>3</sub>Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2000)

A series of 28 new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amines, pyrimido[4, 5-b]indole-4-amines, and tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]indole-4-amines was synthesized and their adenosine receptor affinity determined in radioligand binding assays at rat A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors (ARs). Selected compounds were additionally investigated in binding assays at recombinant A(3) ARs. The 2-phenyl residue in (R)-7-(1-methylbenzyl)-2-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amine (ADPEP, 1) and in the corresponding pyrimido[4,5-b]indole (APEPI, 3) could be bioisosterically replaced by heterocyclic rings, such as 2-thienyl and 4-pyridyl. The resulting compounds retained high affinity and selectivity for A(1) ARs. Judging from the investigation of selected compounds, it appears that they are also potent at human A(1) ARs and selective not only versus A(2A) ARs but also highly selective versus A(2B) and A(3) ARs. The p-pyridyl-substituted derivatives 11 and 27 (APPPI) may be interesting pharmacological tools due to their fluorescent properties. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amine derivatives which were simultaneously substituted at N7 and N(4), combining the substitution pattern of ADPEP (1) and DPEAP (2), showed very low affinity for A(1) ARs. This finding supports our previously published hypothesis of different binding modes for pyrrolopyrimidines, such as ADPEP (1) and DPEAP (2). DPEAP (2), a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amine substituted at the amino group (N(4)), was found to exhibit high affinity for human A(3) ARs (K(i) = 28 nM), whereas N(4)-unsubstituted analogues were inactive. DPEAP (2) and related compounds provide new leads for the development of antagonists for the human A(3) AR.
Zirconocene-Mediated Preparation of 1,3-, 1,4-, and 2,3-Dibora-1,3-butadienes:  Their Isolation and Characterization and Use in Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling (1996)

Hydrozirconation of 1-alkynyl pinacolboronates, 1, with HZrCp2Cl provides gem-borazirconocenes 2. The latter when treated with CuBr gives the homocoupled (1E,3E)-2,3-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 3, in good yield (62−67%). The reaction works even for hindered 2 (R = t-Bu). Structure 3 was assigned on the basis of NMR. Suzuki−Miyaura coupling of 3a (R = n-Bu) with PhI in the presence of CsF leads to the replacement of both boron groups by phenyl and hydrogen to give 6 in 76% yield. Zirconocene-mediated coupling of 1 leads to diastereomeric products: (1E,3E)-1,3-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 4, in 7−26% isolated yields and (1E,3E)-1,4-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 5, in 17−34% isolated yields. The two isomers can be separated by selective precipitation of 5 from the reaction mixture in pentane (−20 °C) followed by silica gel chromatography to give pure 4. The reaction does not work when R in 1 is the t-Bu group. Assignments of structures for 4 and 5 were done on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. In addition, a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 5a showed it to be a highly planar and linearly oriented molecule. Suzuki−Miyaura coupling of 4a proceeded to replace the terminal boron group exclusively, while the internal boron group of 4a remained intact.
Airline Fleet Assignment with Time Windows (2000)

Recognizing that allowing variability in scheduled flight departure times can result in improved flight connection opportunities and a more cost effective fleet assignment, we present a generalized fleet assignment model for simultaneously assigning aircraft types to flights and scheduling flight departures. Our model, a simple variant of basic fleet assignment models, assigns a time window to each flight and then discretizes each window, allowing flight departure times to be optimized. Because problem size can become formidable, much larger than basic fleet assignment models, we develop two algorithmic approaches for solving the model. Our direct solution approach is good for speed and simplicity, whereas our iterative technique minimizes memory usage. Using data from a major U.S. airline, we show that our model can solve real, large-scale problems, and we evaluate the effects of schedule flexibility. In every test scenario, the model produces a fleet assignment with significantly lower costs than the basic model, and, in a separate analysis, the model is used to tighten the schedule, potentially saving aircraft.
Model reference robust control of weakly non-minimum phase systems (2002)

This paper continues to explore applicability of model reference robust control (MRRC) technique. It is shown that MRRC design works for a class of non-minimum phase SISO systems. A system under study contains not only parametric uncertainties, disturbances, uncertain high-order nonlinearities associated with output, but also both additive and multiplicative unmodelled dynamics of input. Although admissible input unmodelled dynamics have to be small and stable, the presence of these unmodelled dynamics may cause the overall system to be non-minimum phase. The system studied here includes those systems existing in literature as special cases. The proposed result relaxes the current restriction imposed on MRRC that the system has to be minimum phase, and therefore makes MRRC more attractive. The feature of MRRC distinct from adaptive control results is that nonlinear uncertainties not satisfying the Lipschitzian condition can be treated. And, because of the combination of nonlinear uncertainties and the non-minimum phase property, the resulting stability is local uniform ultimate bounded.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Life-Experience Passwords (LEPs) (2014)

User-supplied textual passwords are extensively used today for user authentication. However, these passwords have seri-ous deficiencies in the way they interact with humans ’ natu-ral ability to form memories. Strong passwords that are hard to crack are also often hard for humans to remember, while memorable passwords are easily brute-forced or guessed. We propose a novel password design – life-experience passwords (LEPs). We explain how to use users ’ existing episodic memories about defining life events to create memorable and hard-to-guess passwords and discuss challenges involved in design and use of LEPs. 1.
Expired air temperature at the mouth during a maximal forced expiratory manoeuvre (1993)

We have studied the temperature of expired air during a maximal forced expiratory manoeuvre, because this has not previously been fully investigated and it will influence how flow and volume recording devices should be calibrated and used. Temperature was recorded with a fine thermocouple, the response time of which was determined at various gas velocities and for which a correction was made. Recordings during maximal forced expiratory manoeuvres were made on 12 normal subjects and 12 subjects with chronic airflow limitation. The thermocouple was placed in the mouthpiece, so that it was at the level of the lips during a blow. In the normal subjects, the effect of differing inhalation protocols was also determined. In the normal subjects, the mean temperature was 33.6 degrees C at peak expiratory flow (PEF), and 34.4 degrees C at 75% forced vital capacity (FVC), but fell to 33.4 degrees C at FVC. In the subjects with chronic airflow limitation, the temperature was constant at 35.0 degrees C from PEF up to 50% FVC, being significantly higher than in the normals, and fell to 33.5 degrees C at FVC. Expired air temperature up to 50% FVC was significantly negatively correlated with absolute PEF, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FVC. In the normals, a slow inhalation through the nose raised the expired temperature by almost 1 degree C throughout the blow, whereas inhaling air at 6 degrees C did not affect expired air temperature. The expired air temperature can vary by up to 3 degrees C between individual subjects, and it is influenced by the route of inhalation and the inspired volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrospun polymer nanofibres with small diameters (2006)

Nylon-4,6 nanofibres with diameters ranging from about 1 µm down to 1 nm were prepared by electrospinning. The fibre diameter was varied by adjusting the concentration of the polymer solution. Electrospinning of a concentrated solution of as high as 20% nylon-4,6 by weight in formic acid produced a ribbon-like electrospun fibre with a ribbon width of about 850 nm. A semi-dilute concentration of 2% nylon-4,6 by weight produced the thinnest nylon-4,6 nanofibres with diameters of 1.6 nm or less. A small amount of pyridine was added to the electrospinning solution to avoid the formation of beaded nanofibres in the course of electrospinning at low concentrations. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the size of the nanofibres. An ultra-thin nylon-4,6 nanofibre of 1.2 nm diameter might contain six or seven nylon-4,6 molecules in a typical cross-section of the fibre.
Automatic detection of psychological distress indicators in online forum posts (2012)

The stigma associated with mental health issues makes face-to-face discussions with family members, friends, or medical professionals difficult for many people. In contrast, the Internet, due to its ubiquity and global outreach, is increasingly becoming a popular medium for distressed individuals to anonymously relate experiences. In this paper, we present a system for automatically detecting psychological distress indicators in informal text interactions on Internet discussion forums. We compare a suite of innovative features and classifiers on data downloaded from an online forum discussing psychological health issues. Psychologists annotated individual messages with a comprehensive set of distress labels derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV. The noisy nature of the forum posts and the large set of distress labels for multi-label text classification (many of which cannot be detected by a mere surface form analysis of the text), make the task extremely challenging. A late fusion technique combines outputs from different classifiers resulting in promising accuracy on this challenging multi-label classification problem.
Heterogeneously Integrated V-Band Amplifier (2018)

We report on heterogeneously integrated V-band amplifier realized in four layer interconnect InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The amplifier chiplet is integrated onto a passive InP carrier wafer with two layers of interconnect using heterogeneous integrated interconnects, which enable electrically short connection between two technologies. The heterogeneously integrated interconnect or transition has measured loss of ≤ \pmb0.1dB up to 30 GHz and ~0.4 dB at 90 GHz. Measured amplifier S-Parameters show almost no difference between before and after integration versions. Relatively flat output power between 11.5 and 12.5 dBm was demonstrated from 55 to 65 GHz. This is the first reported integration of V-band amplifier chiplets using heterogeneous integration, as well as lowest reported loss for heterogeneous interconnect transition.
A synchronous language atwork: the story of lustre (2005)

We recall the story of the development of the synchronous data-flow language Lustre and of its industrial transfer inside the toolset SCADE. We try to analyse the reasons of its success, and to report the main lessons we got from the transfer of an academic concept into real industrial world.
THE ROLE OF THE DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION: DIFFERENT SETTING, SAME PRIORITY (1990)

THE ROLE OF THE DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION: DIFFERENT SETTING, SAME PRIORITY Michel Moussalli Michel Moussalli Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar 1 Michel Moussalli was Director of International Protection from 1979 to 1986. After a four-year assignment to Brussels in Belgium as UNHCR Regional Representative covering the European Institutions, he was re-appointed UNHCR's Director of the Division of International Protection as from 1 July 1990. Author Notes Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 9, Issue 3, September 1990, Pages 1–2, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/9.3.1 Published: 01 September 1990
A range free skew detection technique for digitized Gurmukhi script documents (1999)

In this paper, a range free skew detection technique for machine printed Gurmukhi documents is presented. This approach can easily be extended to other Indian language scripts such as Devnagri and Bakngla. Most characters in these scripts have horizontal lines at the top called headlines. The characters forming a word are joined at the top by headlines, so that the word appears as one single component with a headline. The ratio of pixel density above and below the headline of any word in Gurmukhi script is always less than 1. These inherent characteristics of the script have been employed and a new algorithm based on the projection profile method has been devised. By inspecting horizontal and vertical projections at different angles in range [0/spl deg/, 90/spl deg/], the skew angle of the document in range [-180/spl deg/, 180/spl deg/] can be determined. Thus this approach is not limited to any range of skew angle and skewness in any document with orientation portrait or landscape and placed at any angle can easily be detected and removed.
Knowledge discovery in medical databases based on rough sets and attribute-oriented generalization (2002)

This paper presents a knowledge discovery system based on rough sets and attribute-oriented generalization and its application to medicine. Diagnostic rules and information on attributes are extracted from clinical databases on diseases of congenital anomaly. The induced results show that this method extracts experts' knowledge correctly and it also discovers that symptoms observed in six positions (eyes, noses, ears, lips, fingers and feet) play important roles in differential diagnosis.
Salient features of nonsaccharolytic and weakly saccharolytic nonfermentative rods (1970)

One hundred and thirty-one strains of nonsaccharolytic and weakly saccharolytic Gram-negative rods recently isolated from clinical specimens were examined with a battery of 74 tests, mostly biochemical. All but five of these strains were thus assigned to established taxa. Alkalinization of amides and organic acids was a particularly useful feature for identifying these bacteria.
STUDIES ON VALIDAMYCINS, NEW ANTIBIOTICS. VIII (1972)

This paper describes the isolation and characterization of four components of validamycin complex, validamycins C, D, E and F, in addition to validamycins A and B reported in the previous papers1-4), Validamycins A, C, D, E and F are different from each other in the site and/or the type of glucosidic linkage to validoxylamine A5). The presence of validoxylamines A and B5) in the culture nitrate was also demonstrated.
µ Controllers: Mixed and Fixed (1997)

A method is presented for synthesis of fixed order controllers with robustness to mixed real and complex uncertainties. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated on a two-mass/spring benchmark problem and on a flexible satellite example. Several fixed order mixed controllers are designed. A comparison with both full order and reduced order controllers indicates that the method is capable of synthesizing low order controllers achieving robust performance levels similar to full order designs, and superior to reduced order controllers.
A RAM cache approach using host memory buffer of the NVMe interface (2016)

This paper proposes new methods with Host Memory Buffer to improve IO performance in NVMe interface. Although Host Memory Buffer is a versatile memory architecture, it has been considered limitedly as metadata cache such as Logical-to-Physical table. The proposed architecture uses Host Memory Buffer as data cache with modification of an NVMe command process and the additional DMA path between system memory and Host Memory Buffer. The proposed architecture improves the performance of IO request by 23% in case of sequential writes compared to a device buffer architecture.
Pyrrolopyridazines. 1. Synthesis and reactivity of pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyridazine 5‐oxides (1973)

Abstract Reaction of ethyl 4‐ethoxymethyleneamino‐3‐methoxy‐5‐pyridazinylpyruvate 1‐oxide ( 8 ) under various conditions constitutes a new approach to substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazines. The resulting substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazine 5‐oxides were allowed to react further to provide a number of new compounds in this ring system.