gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a Gyroscope Having Oblique Gimbal Axes (1966)

The effects are considered of obliquity in the suspension axes of a free two-axis gyroscope supported in gimbals. Three principal types of obliquity are considered, namely (1) non-orthogonality of the bearing axes of the outer and inner gimbals, (2) non-orthogonality of the bearing axes of the inner gimbal and the spin axis of the rotor, in a plane Oyz defined by their usual orthogonal directions, and (3) misalignment of the spin axis of the rotor and a principal axis of the inner gimbal, in a direction out of the plane Oyz. Such obliquities or misalignments could occur as a result of manufacturing errors or they might be introduced deliberately in order to obtain particular dynamical characteristics. The free motion of the system is shown to be described by two coupled second-order non-linear equations, which are solved to first and second approximations for the three cases in which misalignment occurs separately. The first approximation determines the nutational vibration and the second the drift rate. Both are shown to be affected by each type of misalignment: the nutation varies in frequency and mode, and the drift rate in magnitude but not in direction. The relations between misalignment of the spin axis and dynamic unbalance of the inner gimbal are also discussed.
Hemicyanine monolayer orientation studied by second-harmonic generation (1988)

Using a novel scheme of polarization-dependent excitation and detection, the molecular orientation of hemicyanine monolayers has been studied. Wavelength-dependent measurements of the average tilt angle of molecules within the monolayer reveal details of aggregate formation and mobilization of these aggregates by addition of diluting agents such as arachidic acid.
Epidemiology in Peptic Ulcer Disease : Current Status and Future Aspects (1990)

Peptic ulcer incidence is declining. A decreased prevalence of smokers together with other factors have contributed to this change. The widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) has increased the incidence of ulcer in the older population and serious complications, such as perforation and bleeding, have been observed especially in older women. Helicobacter pylori infection is virtually always present in duodenal and gastric ulcer and active chronic gastritis, but not prepyloric ulcer. The fact that this organism is not eradicated with the use of most drugs for peptic ulcer may explain the high rate of recurrence in ulcer disease since relapse rates are reported to be considerably lower when H. pylori is eradicated. In a substantial number of patients peptic ulcers are silent. These fall into two categories: the regular ulcer patient with relapses that heal spontaneously and rarely cause problems, and older patients without prior ulcer disease receiving NSAID treatment, presenting with a life-threatening complication as the first indication of ulcer disease. Despite all the new knowledge of peptic ulcer disease presented, the questions still outnumber the answers; it is therefore suggested that future research focus on the role of NSAIDs and H. pylori.
Effects of Entomopathogens on Mortality of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Fitness Costs of Resistance to Cry3Bb1 Maize (2014)

Fitness costs can delay pest resistance to crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and past research has found that entomopathogens impose fitness costs of Bt resistance. In addition, entomopathogens can be used for integrated pest management by providing biological control of pests. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of maize and is currently managed by planting of Bt maize. We tested whether entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi increased mortality of western corn rootworm and whether these entomopathogens increased fitness costs of resistance to Cry3Bb1 maize. We exposed western corn rootworm larvae to two species of nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernemafeltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), and to two species of fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (strain GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (strain F52) in two assay types, namely, seedling mat and small cup. Larval mortality increased with the concentration of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae in the small cup assay, and with the exception of S. feltiae and B. bassiana in the seedling mat assay, mortality from entomopathogens was significantly greater than zero for the remaining entomopathogens in both assays. However, no fitness costs were observed in either assay type for any entomopathogen. Increased mortality of western corn rootworm larvae caused by these entomopathogens supports their potential use in biological control; however, the lack of fitness costs suggests that entomopathogens will not delay the evolution of Bt resistance in western corn rootworm.
Influence of advanced recipient and donor age on the outcome of corneal transplantation (1997)

Elderly graft recipients fared less well after corneal transplantation than did younger recipients, but outcomes in terms of long term graft survival and visual rehabilitation were still good. Donor age did not affect graft survival.
A comparison of an inductively coupled implanted coil with optimized surface coils for <i>in vivo</i> NMR imaging of the spinal cord (1993)

A study was performed to determine whether an implanted, inductively coupled nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging spine coil could provide a significant gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on images of the spinal cord relative to the SNR of optimized surface coils. Implanted coils were surgically affixed to the upper lumbar spine (first lumbar through third lumbar vertebrae) in a total of four adult cats. The implanted coil was inductively coupled to an external 12 x 12 cm square surface coil that was mounted on a 14-cm diameter Plexiglas cradle (Townsend Industries, Des Moines, IA). Two similar cradles were prepared with transmit-only 12 x 12 cm surface coils and either a receive-only 6 x 6 cm square surface coil or a receive-only quadrature coil pair (two 4 x 6 cm coils overlapped slightly to minimize their mutual inductance) with the same surface area (6 x 6 cm). A total of five single-slice, T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR = 500 ms, TE = 30 ms, 4-mm slice thickness) were acquired from a 1-liter saline phantom and from the second lumbar spinal level in an adult cat with a normal, uninjured spinal cord. On the spinal cord images, the quadrature coil exhibited a factor of 1.65 increase in SNR relative to the single-turn surface coil, whereas the implanted coil achieved a factor of 2.19 increase in SNR. The improved SNR for the quadrature and implanted coils was observed as a dramatic improvement in the clarity of the images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the effect of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha on the bioenergetics of RIF-1 tumors. (1989)

The effect of a single injection of human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on s.c. RIF-1 tumors in mice was studied by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained before and up to 24 h after IL-1 alpha. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after IL-1 alpha injection, RIF-1 tumors exhibited a reduction in bioenergetic status compared to untreated controls. The Pi to beta-nucleoside triphosphate and the phosphomonoester to beta-nucleoside triphosphate ratios increased, while the phosphocreatine to Pi and phosphodiester to phosphomonoester ratios decreased. Tumor blood flow, estimated by 86RbCl uptake, decreased within 30 min after IL-1 alpha treatment. Minimum perfusion was detected at 4 h, with recovery between 6 and 12 h after IL-1 alpha treatment. Histological sections of the RIF-1 tumors revealed intravascular congestion by 2 h, extravascular hemorrhage by 4 h, and necrosis by 12 h after treatment with IL-1 alpha. The time course of bioenergetic changes in RIF-1 tumors determined by 31P-NMR spectroscopy was found to parallel the reduction and subsequent recovery of tumor blood flow.
Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting of Ribonucleic Acids of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains (1981)

A total of 11 distinct oligonucleotide fingerprints were obtained in studies of the ribonucleic acids of 13 isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. Different serotypes had distinct fingerprints, but so did varieties within a serotype, allowing a greater degree of strain differentiation than was previously possible. Some conclusions can be drawn from the fingerprints concerning theories of origin and spread of infectious bronchitis virus.
Increased hyaluronidase expression in more aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma. (1999)

Tumor metastasis involves a complex sequence of cellular and biochemical events of which tumor cell penetration through the basement membrane is an essential component. Disruption of basement membrane integrity by hyaluronidase has been implicated in the development of locally advanced and metastatic carcinoma. This investigation correlates hyaluronidase expression with pathologic prognostic variables for prostate adenocarcinoma. Paraffin samples (n=9) of patients receiving prostatectomies for clinical stage B adenocarcinoma were evaluated. RT-PCR was utilized to detect the presence of hyaluronidase. These results were correlated with the histological assessment of each sample. Gleason score was significantly higher in patients with RT-PCR detectable hyaluronidase (mean +/- SD 7.25+/-1.8 versus 4.17+/-1.0; p<0.05). Histological evidence of perineural invasion was seen in 83% of the specimens with detectable hyaluronidase, whereas none was found in hyaluronidase negative samples (p<0.05). A trend was seen between hyaluronidase and capsular invasion with 33% hyaluronidase positive tumor exhibiting evidence of capsular invasion, while no evidence in the hyaluronidase negative tumor. These data suggest that hyaluronidase may be involved in prostate adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis.
A statistical method for robust 3D surface reconstruction from sparse data (2004)

General information about a class of objects, such as human faces or teeth, can help to solve the otherwise ill-posed problem of reconstructing a complete surface from sparse 3D feature points or 2D projections of points. We present a technique that uses a vector space representation of shape (3D morphable model) to infer missing vertex coordinates. Regularization derived from a statistical approach makes the system stable and robust with respect to noise by computing the optimal tradeoff between fitting quality and plausibility. We present a direct, noniterative algorithm to calculate this optimum efficiently, and a method for simultaneously compensating unknown rigid transformations. The system is applied and evaluated in two different fields: (1) reconstruction of 3D faces at unknown orientations from 2D feature points at interactive rates, and (2) restoration of missing surface regions of teeth for CAD-CAM production of dental inlays and other medical applications.
Segmentation of textured images and Gestalt organization using spatial/spatial-frequency representations (1990)

The generic issue of clustering/grouping is addressed. Recent research, both in computer and human vision, suggests the use of joint spatial/spatial-frequency (s/sf) representations. The spectrogram, the difference of Gaussians representation, the Gabor representation, and the Wigner distribution are discussed and compared. It is noted that the Wigner distribution gives superior joint resolution. Experimental results in the area of texture segmentation and Gestalt grouping using the Wigner distribution are presented, proving the feasibility of using s/sf representations for low-level (early, preattentive) vision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of tyrosinase gene expression and its relationship to neural crest induction in Rana pipiens. I. Isolation and characterization of amphibian tyrosinase mRNA. (1983)

Rana pipiens tyrosinase mRNA was isolated from Stage 22 (tailfin circulation) embryos by indirect immunoprecipitation of embryonic polysomes using highly specific rabbit anti-tyrosinase and goat-(anti-rabbit) immunoglobulins. Analysis on sucrose gradients indicated that anti-tyrosinase bound specifically to embryonic polysomes of the 300-350 S class coincident with the location of nascent tyrosinase enzyme activity and tyrosinase mRNA. These same anti-tyrosinase-bound polysomes were fully immunoprecipitated by the addition of goat-(anti-rabbit) IgG. Poly(A+) RNA was obtained from phenol-extracted antibody. polysome complexes by sequential passage over oligo(dT)-cellulose. The final purification of tyrosinase mRNA was achieved by preparative sucrose gradient fractionation. Tyrosinase mRNA sedimented as a single 13 S peak in 5-30% sucrose gradients and tracked on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as a single band of 4.5 X 10(5) Da (1275 nucleotides). When assayed in a cell-free translation system, this mRNA directed the synthesis of a single 35,000-Da protein which co-migrated with native tyrosinase on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and which was greater than 98% immunoprecipitable by anti-tyrosinase immunoglobulin. Final purification was 4103-fold over the starting polysomal RNA.
Human homolog of <i>Drosophila</i> tumor suppressor Scribble negatively regulates cell‐cycle progression from G1 to S phase by localizing at the basolateral membrane in epithelial cells (2006)

Drosophila tumor suppressor Scribble has been identified as an apical‐basolateral polarity determinant in epithelia. A human homolog of Drosophila Scribble, human Scribble (hScrib), has been identified as a protein targeted by human papillomavirus E6 for the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation dependent on E6AP, a cellular ubiquitin‐protein ligase. Human Scribble is classified as a LAP protein, having leucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) and PDZ domains. We investigated whether hScrib, which is thought to have a role in polarity determination based on the data of its Drosophila homolog, is involved in cell‐cycle regulation and proliferation control of epithelia. Transfection of hScrib inhibits cell‐cycle progression from G1 to S phase, and it up‐ and down‐regulates expression of adenomatous polyposis coli and cyclins A and D1, respectively. Knockdown of hScrib expression by siRNA leads to cell‐cycle progression from G1 to S phase. We explored functional domain mapping to reveal which domains of hScrib are critical for its cellular proliferation control and localization at the basolateral membrane. We found that LRRs and PDZ domain 1 are indispensable for hScrib to inhibit cell growth by blocking cell‐cycle progression and to keep its proper localization. These data indicate that basolateral membrane localization of hScrib is closely related to its proliferation control. Our findings suggest the possibility that hScrib is involved in signal transduction to negatively regulate cell proliferation by localizing at the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells through LRRs and PDZ domains. ( Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 1217–1225)
Thermal characterization of vertical multichip modules MCM-V (1995)

This paper describes the thermal characterization of a vertical multichip module (MCM-V) technology. The MCM-V technology encloses a stack of IC's in a three dimensional cube of plastic molding compound, with the inter-chip electrical connections made on the outside faces of the tube. Thermal measurements mere carried out on two different sized modules containing eight specially designed package evaluation test chips. Steady state and transient thermal results are presented. Simulation results are shown for two applications manufactured using the MCM-V technology; a 2 W, 16 chip 256 MBit DRAM module and a 3 W: 9 chip image processing system.
Dysplasia and cancer in the dextran sulfate sodium mouse colitis model. Relevance to colitis-associated neoplasia in the human: a study of histopathology, B-catenin and p53 expression and the role of inflammation (2000)

Animal models of colitis, which develop dysplasia and cancer similar to human ulcerative colitis are needed to further investigate the dysplasia cancer sequence. This study describes the expression of B-catenin and p53 along with the histopathology and inflammation scores as they relate to dysplasia and cancer in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. Swiss Webster mice were fed with 5% DSS as follows: group A, four cycles of DSS, 84 days total (1 cycle = 7 days DSS + 14 days H(2)O); group B, four cycles DSS followed by 120 days H(2)O, 204 days total; group C, 7 days DSS followed by 180 days H(2)O, 187 days total; group D, 7 days DSS followed by 90 days H(2)O, 97 days total. The incidences of dysplasia and/or cancer were 15.8, 37.5, 18.1 and 0% in groups A-D, respectively. Dysplasia and/or cancer occurred as flat lesions or as dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) as observed in the human. Thirty-three percent of cancers had associated dysplasia. Within group A, inflammation scores were significantly higher in animals with dysplasia and/or cancer compared with those without dysplasia and/or cancer (P < 0. 05-P < 0.0001). Inflammation scores were significantly higher in animals with cancers versus those with dysplasia (P < 0.015) and in flat dysplasia and/or cancer versus DALM (P < 0.0042). B-catenin showed translocation from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus in 100% of DALM and 5.8% of flat dysplasia and/or cancer. A total of 94.2% of flat dysplasia and/or cancer had exclusive cell membrane expression compared with 0% DALM (P < 0.0001). Only 7.4% of dysplasia and/or cancer showed nuclear expression of p53. In colitis-associated dysplasia and/or cancer in the DSS model: (i) histology resembles that in the human; (ii) inflammation plays a significant role in the dysplasia cancer sequence and whether dysplasia and/or cancer grows as a flat lesion or a DALM; (iii) the early molecular pathways are different for flat dysplasia and/or cancer versus DALM, with nuclear/cytoplasmic translocation of B-catenin as an early event in DALM but not flat dysplasia and/or cancer; and (iv) p53 has little or no role in dysplasia and/or cancer. This well characterized model provides an excellent vehicle for studying the roles of inflammation, the molecular events and the role of chemopreventive agents in colitis-associated neoplasia.
Neue schnelle Ionenleiter vom Typ MM<sup>III</sup>Cl<sub>6</sub> (M<sup>I</sup> = Li, Na, Ag; M<sup>III</sup> = In, Y) (1992)

Abstract Li 3 InCl 6 Na 3 InCl 6 , Ag 3 InCl 6 und Li 3 YCl 6 wurden mittels thermoanalytischer (DSC), röntgenographischer, IR‐ und Raman‐spektroskopischer Methoden (einschließlich Röntgen‐ und Ramanheizaufnahmen) charakterisiert. Impedanzspektroskopische Messungen ergaben eine sehr hohe Ionenleitfähigkeit (Na 3 InCl 6 < Li 3 YCl 6 < Ag 3 InCl 6 < Li 3 InCl 6 ). Li 3 InCl 6 ist im Bereich von 300°C der bisher beste Lithiumionenleiter (σ = 0,2 Ω −1 cm −1 ). Mit Ausnahme von Na 3 InCl 6 sind die hier untersuchten ternären Chloride polymorph mit komplizierten Ordnungs‐Unordnungs‐Phasenumwandlungen.
A Preservation Method Supporting Multipurpose Analysis of Long-stored Samples (2006)

In life sciences, an increasing number of techniques allow researchers to obtain as much data as possible from biologic specimens. One of the major problems of effective tissue preservation is to retain good tissue morphology and to preserve the nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein content of a sample. Effective methods to preserve these products are available; however, their multipurpose application is limited. With the recent introduction of the formaldehyde-releasing agent dimethyldimethylolhydantoin (DMDM-Hydantoin) as an alternative in tissue preservation we were interested in its ability to preserve the RNA and proteins of tissue samples. To test the effect of fluid preservatives on proteins, we used tissue of transgenic embryonic mice that express the β-galactosidase enzyme. Total RNA was isolated with TRIzol® (Invitrogen, Breda, The Netherlands) reagent to analyze the effect of the preservation on RNA. The effectiveness of DMDM-Hydantoin (5%) was tested against more widely used preservatives including 2%, 4%, and 8% paraformaldehyde (PFA), acetic acid/ethanol (HAC/EtOH), 70% ethanol (EtOH), and cryopreservation (Merck Neo-Fix®; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). From these experiments we conclude that DMDM-Hydantoin, in contrast to all other agents tested, has a potential to preserve tissue for multipurpose sample analysis that requires high quality mRNA, enzyme activity, or protein content.
Hydrogen sulfide is involved in the chilling stress response in Vitis vinifera L. (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is an important signaling molecule involved in several stress-resistance processes in plants, such as drought and heavy metal stresses. However, little is known about the roles of H<sub>2</sub>S in responses to chilling stress. In this paper, we demonstrated that chilling stress enhance the H<sub>2</sub>S levels, the H<sub>2</sub>S synthetase (L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase, L/DCD) activities, and the expression of L/DCD gene in <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. ‘F-242’. Furthermore, the seedlings were treated with sodium hydrosulﬁde (NaHS, a H<sub>2</sub>S donor) and hypotaurine (HT, a H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger) at 4°C to examine the effects of exogenous H<sub>2</sub>S on grape. The results revealed that the high activity of superoxide dismutase and enhanced expression of <em>VvICE1</em> and <em>VvCBF3</em> genes, but low level of super oxide anion radical, malondialdehyde content and cell membrane permeability were detected after addition of NaHS. In contrast, HT treatment displayed contrary effect under the chilling temperature. Taken together, these data suggested that H<sub>2</sub>S might be directly involved in the cold signal transduction pathway of grape.
Privacy Preserving K-nearest Neighbor Classification (2005)

This paper considers how to conduct k-nearest neighbor classification in the following scenario: multiple parties, each having a private data set, want to collaboratively build a k-nearest neighbor classifier without disclosing their private data to each other or any other parties. Specifically, the data are vertically partitioned in that all parties have data about all the instances involved, but each party has its own view of the instances- each party works with its own attribute set. Because of privacy constraints, developing a secure framework to achieve such a computation is both challenging and desirable. In this paper, we develop a secure protocol for multiple parties to conduct the desired computation. All the parties participate in the encryption and in the computation involved in learning the k-nearest neighbor classifiers 1.
Agreement of Bioreactance Cardiac Output Monitoring With Thermodilution During Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Adult Swine (2016)

Over the wide range of cardiac output produced by hemorrhage and resuscitation in large pigs, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring has acceptable agreement with thermodilution cardiac output.