gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strengthening of Calcium Phosphate Cement by Compounding Calcium Carbonate Whiskers (2005)

The purpose of this study was to investigate how aragonite (calcium carbonate) whiskers influenced the strengthening and carbonating of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) based calcium phosphate cement. Aragonite whiskers of 0.95 microm width with an aspect ratio of 6.6 were prepared. The cement powder, alpha-TCP containing 0-50 mass% aragonite whisker, was mixed with 0.6 mol/L NaH2PO4 solution and incubated at 37 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. Diametral tensile strength (DTS) value increased significantly when appropriate amount of aragonaite whiskers was added. For example, DTS value of set cement containing 20 mass% aragonite whisker was 5.8 +/- 0.5 MPa, whereas DTS value of set cement containing no whiskers was 1.3 +/- 0.2 MPa after 1-week incubation. SEM observation revealed that the shape of the whiskers and the densification of the structure could have contributed to the strengthening of the set cement. Moreover, FTIR spectra implied that a bone-like carbonated apatite was precipitated in the cement. The results obtained in the present study revealed that the shape as well as any slight dissolution of aragonite whiskers could contribute to improving the properties of a-TCP based calcium phosphate cement.
0139 A proposal of path control method with search and its application (2007)

We propose a new path control method with path error search and apply it to NC milling machines. We search the shortest distance point on a target path from a present position and the minimum distance is an essential path error. We set the minimum distance along the standard axis and perform coordinate transformations for a mechanical system. An effective path control with little path error is realized by the proposed method.
An automatic method to learn and transfer the photometric appearance of partially overlapping images (2008)

The first major contribution of this paper is a robust method to learn the photometric mapping between the overlapping portions of two registered images acquired either under different lighting conditions or different sensor modalities. Then, once such mapping is learnt, we demonstrate how it generalizes so that the photometric appearance can be transferred from one image to the other out of their overlapping area. This task is fundamental in several different contexts, such as image colorization, seamless mosaicking or change detection. After introducing the theory and discussing the algorithms, we will present several examples that confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in dealing with different types of images.
Improved engraftment of human cord blood stem cells in NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice after irradiation or multiple-day injections into unirradiated recipients. (1996)

Human lymphoematopoietic stem cells engraft in irradiated immunodeficient mice that are homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation. Engraftment levels in C.B-17-scid/scid mice, however, have been low and transient, decreasing the utility of this model for investigation of the development potential and function of human stem cells. In the present study, we have used NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice as recipients and human cord blood as a source of donor stem cells. Our results demonstrate that NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice support approximately fivefold higher levels of human stem cell marrow engraftment than do C.B-17-scid/scid mice. Human CD34+ cells are present in the marrow of recipient mice, and the engrafted cells readily peripheralize to the circulation of the host. Terminal differentiation of the stem and progenitor cells into mature progeny is limited. Using a multiple-day injection protocol developed in mice, which allows engraftment of stem cells between congenic mice in the absence of irradiation preconditioning, we observed high levels of human cell engraftment in unirradiated NOD/LtSz-scid/scid recipients after three or five consecutive-day injections. These results demonstrate that NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice support high levels of human stem cell engraftment and that xenogeneic lymphohematopoietic stem cells can engraft in unirradiated hosts without the need for ablative reconditioning. This model will be useful for the in vivo investigation of human stem cells and for the preclinical analysis of human stem cells for transplantation.
Selection of RNA Replicons Capable of Persistent Noncytopathic Replication in Mammalian Cells (1999)

The natural life cycle of alphaviruses, a group of plus-strand RNA viruses, involves transmission to vertebrate hosts via mosquitoes. Chronic infections are established in mosquitoes (and usually in mosquito cell cultures), but infection of susceptible vertebrate cells typically results in rapid shutoff of host mRNA translation and cell death. Using engineered Sindbis virus RNA replicons expressing puromycin acetyltransferase as a dominant selectable marker, we identified mutations allowing persistent, noncytopathic replication in BHK-21 cells. Two of these adaptive mutations involved single-amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal portion of nsP2, the viral helicase-protease. At one of these loci, nsP2 position 726, numerous substitution mutations were created and characterized in the context of RNA replicons and infectious virus. Our results suggest a direct correlation between the level of viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity. This work also provides a series of alphavirus replicons for noncytopathic gene expression studies (E. V. Agapov, I. Frolov, B. D. Lindenbach, B. M. Prágai, S. Schlesinger, and C. M. Rice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:12989-12994, 1998) and a general strategy for selecting RNA viral mutants adapted to different cellular environments.
Compressive Sensing Multi-spectral 3D Imaging (2017)

In order to realize high efficient compressive sensing(CS) three-dimensional(3D) multi-spectral imaging, a 3D multi-spectral imaging system based on CS theory as well as the corresponding CS algorithm to reconstruct the 2D images based on joint optimization and the 3D construction algorithm based on photometric stereo is proposed in this paper. In the system a digital micromirror device(DMD) is used as spatial light moderator and a liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) is used to choose specific wavelength to pass. The object is measured with random patterns from different directions and the 2D images are reconstructed by the algorithm with the joint constraints, and the 3D model of the object is constructed from the 2D images via photometric stereo method. The multi-spectral and 3D images are accurately reconstructed at 0.3 mean sampling rate and the precision of both spatial and spectral is higher than the algorithm without joint constraint method using the same measurements.
Locally acting growth factors for vascular smooth muscle cells: endogenous synthesis and release from platelets. (1985)

Release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from platelets has been postulated to stimulate at least some of the cell proliferation seen at sites of tissue damage, both beneficially (wound healing) and perniciously (during formation of atherosclerotic lesions). Two other growth factors have been localized to the platelet: epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor. These factors may function synergistically with PDGF in promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation in the injured vessel wall. PDGF-like molecules (PDGF-c) that bind to the PDGF receptor and are at least partially recognized by antiserum against PDGF may also be synthesized by vessel wall cells themselves under certain circumstances. Arterial endothelial cells secrete several mitogens, one of which is a PDGF-c. Release is greatly stimulated by exposure of the cells to physiologic concentrations of thrombin. Also, aortic smooth muscle cells from 2-week-old rats secrete mitogenic levels of PDGF-c. In this case, PDGF-c accounts for all the mitogenic activity in conditioned medium (when assayed on 3T3 cells). Smooth muscle cells obtained from adult rat aortae secrete 150-fold less PDGF-c. In a third example, when adult rat carotid arteries are damaged with a balloon catheter, smooth muscle cells migrate into the intima of the artery and proliferate. By 2 weeks, the number of smooth muscle cells in the artery has doubled. When these intimal smooth muscle cells are cultured, they are found to secrete PDGF-c. These findings suggest that activation of endogenous synthesis of PDGF-c may contribute to the smooth muscle cell proliferation seen in response to vascular injury.
Analysis of modes in a free-standing nanowire cavity by FDTD simulation (2005)

The mode frequency and the quality factor of nanowire cavities are calculated for the intensity spectrum obtained by the finite-difference free-standing nanowire cavity with the dielectric constant e=6.0 and the length of 5 μm,the quality factors of 130,159,and 151 are obtained for modes with frequency around 798 THz,at the cavity radius of 60 nm,75 nm,and 90 nm,respectively.The obtained field distribution of the fundamental transverse mode shows that the mode field is confined very well by the nanowire cavity even when the radius of nanowire is much smaller than the mode wavelength.
Efficient Timing Verification of Latch-Synchronized Systems (1997)

This paper presents an event-driven approach to the timing verification of latch-synchronized systems. The proposed method performs critical path extraction and timing error detection at the same time, and extracts the critical path only if necessary By doing so, the complexity of analysis is reduced and efficiency is greatly improved over the conventional approaches which detect timing errors after extracting the complete critical paths of the system. Experimental results show that, compared to the existing methods, it provides a more than 12-fold improvement in speed on the average for ISCAS benchmark circuits, and the relative efficiency of analysis improves as the circuit size grows.
Dynamic Probabilistic Retransmission in Ad Hoc Networks. (2004)

Ad Hoc networks are self-organizing wireless networks, absent any fixed infrastructure. Nodes in such networks communicate through radio transmissions of limited range, sometimes
<i>Impaired sucrose induction1</i> encodes a conserved plant‐specific protein that couples carbohydrate availability to gene expression and plant growth (2006)

To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate allocation to storage processes, we have isolated mutants in which the sugar induction of starch biosynthetic gene expression was impaired. Here we describe the IMPAIRED SUCROSE INDUCTION1 (ISI1) gene, which encodes a highly conserved plant-specific protein with structural similarities to Arm repeat proteins. ISI1 is predominantly expressed in the phloem of leaves following the sink-to-source transition during leaf development, but is also sugar-inducible in mesophyll cells. Soil-grown isi1 mutants show reduced plant growth and seed set compared to wild-type Arabidopsis. This growth reduction is not due to reduced carbohydrate availability or a defect in sucrose export from mature leaves, suggesting that isi1 mutant plants do not utilize available carbohydrate resources efficiently. ISI1 interacts synergistically with, but is genetically distinct from, the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway controlling sugar responses via ABI4. Our data show that ISI1 couples the availability of carbohydrates to the control of sugar-responsive gene expression and plant growth.
The Broad Aglycon Specificity of α-L-Fucosidases from Marine Gastropods (1974)

The α-L-fucosidases [EC 3. 2.1. 51] purified from Turbo cornutus and Charonia lampas hydrolyzed all the fucosidic linkages found in milk oligosaccharides. These linkages include Fucα1→2Gal, Fucαl→3GlcNAc, Fucαl→4GlcNAc, and Fucαl→3sorbitol. The α-L-fucosidase from T. cornutus hydrolyzed the fucosidic linkages in lacto-N-fuco-pentaitols in the following order of velocity: Fucαl→4Glc4GlcNAc>Fucαl→2Gal> Fucαl→3GlcNAc; The enzyme from C. lampas gave the following order: Fucαl→2GalFucαl→4GlcNAc>Fucαl→3GlcNAc. The α-L-fucosidases from T. cornutus and C. lampas also released fucose from mouse myeloma IgG glycopeptide and porcine submaxillary mucin. Thus, these α-L-fucosidases are a new type of α-L-fucosidase acting on a wide variety of fucosyl linkages in both low and high molecular weight substrates.
An Acetylacetonate-Based Semiconductor−Sensitizer Linkage (1996)

Coordination compounds of the general type Ru(dmb)2(LL)(PF6)2, where dmb is 4,4‘-(CH3)2-2,2‘-bipyridine and LL is 4-(CH3)-4‘-(COOH)-2,2‘-bipyridine, or 4-(CH3)-4‘-((CH2)3COOH)-2,2‘-bipyridine, or 4-(CH3)-4‘-((CH2)3COCH2COOC2H5)-2,2‘-bipyridine were prepared for the attachment to semiconductor metal oxide surfaces. The optical and redox properties of these compounds in dichloromethane solution are reported. Binding to porous nanostructured TiO2 films was analyzed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Photoelectrochemical measurements of the modified TiO2 electrodes in regenerative solar cells are reported. The results indicate that intimate electronic coupling between the surface link and the chromophoric ligand is not a strict requirement in the design of sensitizers for photovoltaic applications. Interfacial kinetics for recombination of the electron in the solid with the oxidized form of the sensitizer were quantitated by excited state absorption spectroscopy.
Recommendations for nomenclature and symbolism for mass spectroscopy (including an appendix of terms used in vacuum technology). (Recommendations 1991) (1991)

Abstract
Increased BDNF Promoter Methylation in the Wernicke Area of Suicide Subjects (2010)

BDNF promoter/exon IV is frequently hypermethylated in the Wernicke area of the postmortem brain of suicide subjects irrespective of genome-wide methylation levels, indicating that a gene-specific increase in DNA methylation could cause or contribute to the downregulation of BDNF expression in suicide subjects. The reported data reveal a novel link between epigenetic alteration in the brain and suicidal behavior.
Impaired Cl<sup>−</sup>Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically Injured Epileptogenic Neocortex (2005)

In the mature brain, the K(+)/Cl- cotransporter KCC2 is important in maintaining low [Cl-]i, resulting in hyperpolarizing GABA responses. Decreases in KCC2 after neuronal injuries result in increases in [Cl-]i and enhanced neuronal excitability due to depolarizing GABA responses. We used the gramicidin perforated-patch technique to measure E(Cl) ( approximately E(GABA)) in layer V pyramidal neurons in slices of partially isolated sensorimotor cortex of adult rats to explore the potential functional consequence of KCC2 downregulation in chronically injured cortex. E(GABA) was measured by recording currents evoked with brief GABA puffs at various membrane potentials. There was no significant difference in E(Cl) between neurons in control and undercut animals (-71.2 +/- 2.6 and -71.8 +/- 2.8 mV, respectively). However, when loaded with Cl- by applying muscimol puffs at 0.2 Hz for 60 s, neurons in the undercut cortex had a significantly shorter time constant for the positive shift in E(Cl) during the Cl- loading phase (4.3 +/- 0.5 s for control and 2.2 +/- 0.4 s for undercut, P < 0.01). The positive shift in E(Cl) 3 s after the beginning of Cl- loading was also significantly larger in the undercut group than in the control, indicating that neurons in undercut cortex were less effective in maintaining low [Cl-]i during repetitive activation of GABA(A) receptors. Application of furosemide eliminated the difference between the control and undercut groups for both of these measures of [Cl-]i regulation. The results suggest an impairment in Cl- extrusion resulting from decreased KCC2 expression that may reduce the strength of GABAergic inhibition and contribute to epileptogenesis.
Electrically Induced Ferromagnetism at Room Temperature in Cobalt-Doped Titanium Dioxide (2011)

The electric field effect in ferromagnetic semiconductors enables switching of the magnetization, which is a key technology for spintronic applications. We demonstrated electric field-induced ferromagnetism at room temperature in a magnetic oxide semiconductor, (Ti,Co)O(2), by means of electric double-layer gating with high-density electron accumulation (>10(14) per square centimeter). By applying a gate voltage of a few volts, a low-carrier paramagnetic state was transformed into a high-carrier ferromagnetic state, thereby revealing the considerable role of electron carriers in high-temperature ferromagnetism and demonstrating a route to room-temperature semiconductor spintronics.
Unfolding the mystery of alternative splicing through a unique method of in vivo selection (2007)

Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in higher eukaryotes. In addition to creating protein diversity, alternative splicing provides the safest mode of gene evolution. Of late, more and more forms of alternatively spliced transcripts (mRNAs) are being discovered for key genes. Some of the alternatively spliced transcripts are also associated with major human diseases. This has created a sense of urgency to find the methods by which regulation of alternative splicing of specific exons could be best understood. Here I review a powerful in vivo selection method that uses a combinatorial library of partially random sequences. Several advantages of this method include in vivo analysis of large sequences, identification of unique sequence motifs, determination of relative strength of splice sites and identification of long-distance interactions including role of RNA structures. This unique method could be applied to identify tissue-specific cis-elements. Similarly, the method is suitable to find cis-elements that become active in response to specific treatments of cells. Considering this unbiased method uses in vivo conditions, it has potential to identify critical regulatory elements as therapeutic targets for a growing number of splicing-associated diseases.
Transposon Tn917lacZ mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis: identification of two new loci required for motility and chemotaxis (1990)

We have used Tn917lacZ to mutagenize the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and have isolated mutants that are defective in chemotaxis and motility. Mapping of the transposon inserts identified two new loci. Mutations in one of these loci generated mutants that had paralyzed flagella. Accordingly, we designate this a mot locus. The other locus is closely linked to the first and encodes proteins specifying chemotaxis functions. This locus is designated the cheX locus. Both the mot and cheX loci map close to ptsI. An additional transposon insert that maps in the hag locus was obtained. The pattern of beta-galactosidase expression from some of the transposons suggested that the mot locus is regulated by sigD, a minor sigma factor of B. subtilis. The cheX locus appeared to be under the control of vegetative sigA. Four transposon inserts were mapped to a previously characterized che locus near spcB. These mutants did not produce flagellin and were defective in the methylation of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. This locus probably encodes proteins required for flagellum biosynthesis and other proteins that are required for the methylation response.
Cell Formation Algorithm for the Maximum Number of Cell without Exceptional Element in FMS with Alternative Routings (1994)

Cellular manufacturing requires formation of machine cells that can produce families of parts with similar processing requirement. The purpose of cell formation is to create separable machine clusters and part families simultaneously. However, the cell formation process often includes the identification of exceptional elements. This paper presents cell formation method under consideration of alternative routings in FMS which consists of machines capable of multi-processing and parts which require more than one operation. We suggest theorems to calculate the maximum number of machine cell and part family which have no exceptional elements. We also develop a cell formation algorithm which is based on the suggested theorem. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed theorem and algorithm.
Observability and Group Representation Theory (1989)

In this note we interpret some questions of discrete observability of linear systems dx/dt = Ax in terms of finite dimensional group representation theory. Some results of Martin and Smith [3] and of Martin and Wallace [4] are reformulated as results concerning cyclic representations, and then completed in some sense when we give a complete characterization of cyclic representations and their cyclic vectors. We then examine the case where the set of observation points generates a subgroup with the Selberg density property ([2], [5]).
Modeling the effects of beam size and flaw morphology on ultrasonic pulse/echo sizing of delaminations in carbon composites (2013)

The size and shape of a delamination in a multi-layered structure can be estimated in various ways from an ultrasonic pulse/echo image. For example the −6dB contours of measured response provide one simple estimate of the boundary. More sophisticated approaches can be imagined where one adjusts the proposed boundary to bring measured and predicted UT images into optimal agreement. Such approaches require suitable models of the inspection process. In this paper we explore issues pertaining to model-based size estimation for delaminations in carbon fiber reinforced laminates. In particular we consider the influence on sizing when the delamination is non-planar or partially transmitting in certain regions. Two models for predicting broadband sonic time-domain responses are considered: (1) a fast “simple” model using paraxial beam expansions and Kirchhoff and phase-screen approximations; and (2) the more exact (but computationally intensive) 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT). Model-to-model and model-to experiment comparisons are made for delaminations in uniaxial composite plates, and the simple model is then used to critique the −6dB rule for delamination sizing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Au/Bi Core/Shell Nanocrystals:  A Precursor toward II−VI Nanowires (2004)

The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic ability of gold/bismuth (Au/Bi) core/shell nanocrystals for promoting asymmetric 1D nanowire growth is described. A biphasic gold reduction approach is initially used to create small (∼1.5 nm diameter) Au particles passivated with trioctylphosphine (TOP). The alkylphosphine ligands render the Au nanocrystals soluble in common organic solvents used for II−VI semiconductor nanocrystal/nanorod growth. Subsequent surface passivation with elemental bismuth is accomplished through the thermolysis of trialkylbismuthines at 100 °C in a mildly coordinating solvent. The resulting core/shell particles are characterized by using a variety of techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) to demonstrate successful overcoating of the Au nanoparticles. Resulting diameters range from 1.43 to 2.53 nm, with the as-made Au/Bi nanocrystals stable for weeks to months when stored at low temperature under an inert atmosphere. Catalytic activity, promoting the asymmetric growth of II−VI semiconductor nanowires, is demonstrated for the particular case of CdSe, illustrating a relatively simple route for making high-quality, narrow-diameter (<10 nm) 1D materials capable of exhibiting quantum confinement.
A Novel Method of Cellular Labeling: Anchoring MR‐Imaging Reporter Particles on the Outer Cell Surface (2007)

Cellular labeling. MR visualization of cells has been attained by anchoring negatively charged Gd-loaded nanoparticles at the cellular membrane by a polycationic linker. Each nanoparticle contains approximately 800 Gd-chelates and each cell has been loaded with approximately 5×106 particles. In this way only 15 % of the negative charges on the membrane has been used. The method has been validated by confocal microscopy.