gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of GNE-293, a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor: Navigating in vitro genotoxicity while improving potency and selectivity (2013)

In an effort to identify potent and isoform selective inhibitors of PI3Kδ, GNE-293 (34) was identified. Inhibitor 2 was found to induce micronuclei formation in both the MNT and HCA in vitro assays. Compounds testing negative for genotoxicity were successfully identified through modifications of the 2-benzimidazole substituent and the methylene moiety to disrupt planarity. A variety of heteroatom linkers were explored to examine their effect on potency and isoform selectivity by restricting torsional angles to favor ligand interactions with PI3Kδ's Trp760. These modifications also resulted in an improved in vivo pharmacokinetic profile.
The PAN-Robots Project: Advanced Automated Guided Vehicle Systems for Industrial Logistics (2017)

In modern manufacturing plants, automation is widely adopted in the production phases, which leads to a high level of productivity and efficiency. However, the same level of automation is generally not achieved in logistics, typically performed by human operators and manually driven vehicles. In fact, even though automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have been used for a few decades for goods transportation in industrial environments [1], they do not yet represent a widespread solution and are typically applied only in specific scenarios.
Urinary Ammonia and Ammonia-Producing Microorganisms in Infants With and Without Diaper Dermatitis (1977)

Free ammonia was determined in diaper squeezings from 26 infants with "ammoniacal dermatitis" and in 82 controls. No significant difference was found (402 ppm in diaper dermatitis compared to 465 in controls). The groups did not differ with regard to the incidence of organisms capable of splitting ammonia from urea. Experimental application of highly ammoniacal urine on intact infant and adult skin failed to provoke a dermatitis. Erythema could be induced only when ammoniacal urine was applied occlusively to scarified skin. These findings do not support the notion that ammonia is a primary factor in common diaper rash, but do not exclude a possible role for further irritation in an already existent condition.
Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats (2013)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most promising nanomaterials, and their usage in medical applications and consumer products is growing rapidly. To evaluate possible adverse health effects, especially to the lungs, the current study focused on the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of AgNP after the intratracheal instillation in rats. Monodisperse, PVP-coated AgNP (70 nm) showing little agglomeration in aqueous suspension were instilled intratracheally. After 24 hours, the lungs were lavaged, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and cytokine levels as well as total and differential cell counts were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Instillation of 50 µg PVP-AgNP did not result in elevated LDH, total protein, or cytokine levels in BALF compared to the control, whereas instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP caused a significant increase in LDH (1.9-fold) and total protein (1.3-fold) levels as well as in neutrophil numbers (60-fold) of BALF. Furthermore, while there was no change in BALF cytokine levels after the instillation of 50 µg PVP-AgNP, instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP resulted in significantly increased levels of seven out of eleven measured cytokines. These finding suggest that exposure to inhaled AgNP can induce moderate pulmonary toxicity, but only at rather high concentrations.
Automotive Network Diagnostic Systems (2006)

Rapid growth in automotive networked embedded systems has occurred over the past two decades. This leads to complexity, especially in fault diagnosis and testing of such systems. This paper reports a work-in-progress automotive network diagnostic system. The aim is to design a system to monitor and diagnose automotive networks, by using a knowledge-based diagnostic technique. Fault information from several sources is used to build a knowledge base. Network fault codes and possible causes diagnosed by a diagnostic module are then stored in a database. The codes are helpful for manufacturing and service processes. This new diagnostic system would contribute to general automotive diagnosis efficiency as it would help reduce numbers of possible fault causes, thereby, correctly pinpointing faulty devices and shortening diagnostic time.
Decision-Making with the AHP: Why is the Principal Eigenvector  Necessary? (2001)

We will show here that the principal eigenvector of a matrix is a necessary representation of the priorities derived from a positive reciprocal pairwise comparison consistent or near consistent matrix. A positive reciprocal n by n consistent matrix W = (w ij ) satisfies the relation w ik = w ij w jk . If the principal eigenvector of W is w=(w 1 , ,w n ) the entries of W may be written as w ij = w i /w j . Matrices A = (a ij ) that are obtained from W by small positive reciprocal perturbations of w ij , known as near consistent matrices, are pivotal in representing pairwise comparison numerical judgments in decision making. Since W is always of the form w ij = (w i /w j ) a perturbation of W is given by a ij = (w i /w j ) ij and their corresponding reciprocals a ji = (w j /w i ) (1/ ij ). A priority vector for use in decision making that captures a linear order for the n elements compared in the judgment matrix can be derived for both consistent and near consistent matrices, but it is meaningless for strongly inconsistent matrice except if they are the result of random situations that have associated numbers such as game matches where the outcomes do not depend on judgment. It is shown that the ratios w i /w j of the principal eigenvector of the perturbed matrix are close to a ij , if and only if the principal eigenvalue of A is close to n. We then show that if in practice we can change some of the judgments in a judgment matrix, it is possible to transform that matrix to a near consistent one from which one can then derive a priority vector. The main reason why near consistent matrices are essential is that human judgment is of necessity inconsistent, which if controllable, is a good thing. In addition, judgment is much more sensitive and responsive to large than to small perturbations, and hence once near consistency is reached, it becomes uncertain which coefficients should be perturbed with small perturbations to transform a near consistent matrix to a consistent one. If such perturbations were forced, they would seem arbitrary and can distort the validity of the derived priority vector in representing the underlying real world problem.
Challenges with fats and fatty acid methods (2003)

The content and chemical nature of lipids in feedstuffs is heterogeneous. It has long been known that ether extraction by the Weende procedure inadequately characterizes the fat content of feedstuffs, yet it remains the official method. Diethyl ether (or hexanes that are often used) extracts significant amounts of nonnutritive, nonsaponifiable lipids from forages, and often incompletely extracts lipids of nutritional value, especially fatty acids present as salts of divalent cations. Preextraction hydrolysis of insoluble fatty acid salts with acid releases these fatty acids, and this step is included in the official procedure for certain feedstuffs in the United Kingdom; however, acid hydrolysis increases analysis time and decreases precision. Acid hydrolysis also causes confusion as to the proper definition of the fat content of feedstuffs. A preferred method of fat analysis determines the total fatty acid concentration in feed samples by converting fatty acid salts, as well as the acyl components in all lipid classes, such as triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sphingolipids, to methyl esters using a simple, direct one-step esterification procedure. Fatty acid methyl esters are then quantified by GLC, which provides information on both fatty acid quantity and profile in a single analysis. Adjustments in conditions and reagents may be necessary to overcome difficulty in quantitatively preparing esters from certain types of fatty acids and their derivatives in commercial fat supplements. After correction for glycerol content, analysis of oils by this procedure provides information on the content of nonsaponifiable material, such as chlorophyll, waxes, and indigestible polymers formed from heat- or oxidatively damaged fats. The correct description of feedstuffs for energy value of fats is the content of total fatty acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution, Asymmetric Transformation, and Configuration of Troeger′s Base. Application of Troeger′s Base as a Chiral Solvating Agent. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multi-Paradigm Spreadsheet for End Users (2006)

†† Summary Spreadsheets are widely used in various areas by end users because they are easy to use. However, due to the lack of the methodology for analysis and design for spreadsheet applications, users suffer with problems such as high error rates, low reusability, and maintenance difficulties. To mitigate these problems, we introduce a multi-paradigm spreadsheet that allows end users to analyze their problems and design for the solutions. Our multi-paradigm spreadsheet supports object-oriented programming, flowchart, XML, and spreadsheet. While writing the XML document, they analyze the problems by grouping similar things into one concept, and the concept develops into a class in object-oriented programming. The flowchart and spreadsheet are used for describing operations or methods of the class. Our multi-paradigm spreadsheet is so simple that even end users can analyze and design for their applications.
A hybrid <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> delta‐endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato (2002)

Summary Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis delta‐endotoxins has proven to be a successful strategy for obtaining insect resistance in transgenic plants. Drawbacks of expression of a single resistance gene are the limited target spectrum and the potential for rapid adaptation of the pest. Hybrid toxins with a wider target spectrum in combination with existing toxins may be used as tool to mitigate these problems. In this study, Desiree potato plants were genetically modified to resist attack by insect species belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, through the insertion of such a hybrid gene, SN19 . Transgenic plants were shown to be resistant against Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults, potato tuber moth larvae, and European corn borer larvae. These are the first transgenic plants resistant to pests belonging to two different insect orders. In addition, the target receptor recognition of this hybrid protein is expected to be different from Cry proteins currently in use for these pests. This makes it a useful tool for resistance management strategies.
Soap‐based detergent formulations: II. Oxyethylated fatty amides as lime soap dispersing agents (1972)

Abstract Nonionic surface active agents with two oxyalkyl chains were prepared from the triethylamine catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide with diethanolamides of palmitic, stearic and tallow fatty acids. The addition of 4 moles of ethylene oxide was required to render these diethanolamides water soluble, whereas 9 moles were required to make the corresponding monoethanolamide soluble. Efficiency of lime soap dispersion increased as oxyethyl chain length was increased. Best detergency of soap‐nonionic combinations was achieved when the oxyethyl chain length was at the minimum required for water solubility. The γ ‐hydroxyethanolamides and ‐diethanolamides were prepared by the uncatalyzed reaction of the corresponding amines with γ ‐stearolactone. These compounds became water soluble at lower levels of oxyethylation, but the lime soap dispersing power and detergency were not improved over those of corresponding compounds derived from stearic acid.
THE EFFECTS OF EDGE THICKNESS AND EDGE SHARPNESS ON SMALL ORIFICES (1954)

Abstract not available
Time-compensated extreme-UV and soft x-ray monochromator for ultrashort high-order harmonic pulses (2001)

The optical design of a time-compensated monochromator for high-order harmonic pulses in the extreme-UV (EUV) and soft x-ray regions is presented. The system consists of two grazing-incidence mirrors used as collimating and refocusing elements and two multilayer normal-incidence plane mirrors illuminated in parallel light that rotate along a vertical axis parallel to their planes to select the wavelength, and remain parallel to guarantee the constant direction of the exit beam: this is performed by rotating and translating, at the same time, one of the two mirrors along an axis parallel to the exit direction. The system has constant exit direction in the whole working spectral region. The pulse time duration is not altered up to few femtoseconds. A system operating in the 9-32 nm region is described.
Low levels of methyl β‐cyclodextrin disrupt GluA1‐dependent synaptic potentiation but not synaptic depression (2014)

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) is a reagent that depletes cholesterol and disrupts lipid rafts, a type of cholesterol-enriched cell membrane microdomain. Lipid rafts are essential for neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are sensitive to even low doses of MβCD. However, how MβCD changes synaptic function, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) activity, remains unclear. We monitored changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity after disrupting lipid rafts with MβCD. At low concentrations (0.5 mg/mL), MβCD decreased basal synaptic transmission and miniature excitatory post-synaptic current without changing NMDA-R-mediated synaptic transmission and the paired-pulse facilitation ratio. Interestingly, low doses of MβCD failed to deplete cholesterol or affect α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) and NMDA-R levels, while clearly reducing GluA1 levels selectively in the synaptosomal fraction. Low doses of MβCD decreased the inhibitory effects of NASPM, an inhibitor for GluA2-lacking AMPA-R. MβCD successfully decreased NMDA-R-mediated long-term potentiation but did not affect the formation of either NMDA-R-mediated or group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression. MβCD inhibited de-depression without affecting de-potentiation. These results suggest that MβCD regulates GluA1-dependent synaptic potentiation but not synaptic depression in a cholesterol-independent manner.
Attraction of Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Analogs of Selected Trimedlure Isomers1 (1988)

Journal Article Attraction of Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Analogs of Selected Trimedlure Isomers Get access T. P. McGovern, T. P. McGovern Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Cunningham R. T. Cunningham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 81, Issue 4, 1 August 1988, Pages 1052–1056, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.4.1052 Published: 01 August 1988 Article history Received: 07 July 1987 Accepted: 25 March 1988 Published: 01 August 1988
Attitude Determination Method Based on Star Sensor (2010)

The attitude determination algorithm based on star sensor was analyzed, including static algorithm and dynamic state estimation algorithm. The static methods to determine the attitude with TRIAD algorithm, Euler-q algorithm, QUEST algorithm, SVD and FORM algorithm were deduced theoretically. The research results of dynamic state estimation algorithm were introduced, which were EKF method, UKF method, predictive Kalman filtering and nonlinear predictive Kalman filtering. Some new algorithms for satellite attitude determination were discussed, such as particle filtering. Finally, they were compared and analyzed by simulation, and some conclusion was given.
Outerdirectedness in children of three ages as a function of experimentally induced success and failure. (1974)

Studied the problem-solving style of outerdirected ness in children from three grades under two conditions—experimentally induced success and failure. The total sample of 60 subjects were stratified by grade (second, fourth, and sixth) and sex. Subjects in each of the groups thus created were randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Success and failure were experimentally induced by means of a puzzle task, and subjects were then required to perform two dependent tasks (a puzzle task and a sticker game imitation) from which outerdirectedness was inferred. Results supported the hypothesis that children shift from an outerdirected to an innerdirected problem-solving style as age increases. No sex differences were found on any dependent measure. The hypothesized effect of failure resulting in greater outerdirectedness received partial support, in that subjects evidenced more outerdirected behavior under failure conditions on the criterion puzzle task. This was possibly due to the similarity between experimental and criterion tasks. Several methodological issues pertaining to experimental induction of failure, the task-specific nature of outerdirectedness, and the validity of the dependent tasks for assessing outerdirectedness were discussed. Outerdirectedness is defined as a style of problem solving characterized by a reliance on concrete situational cues rather than by active attempts to deduce abstract relationships. In essence, this means that the individual whose problem solving is characterized as outerdirected relies unduly on external cues resulting in little reliance on his own cognitive resources. The vast majority of research on outerdirectedness has focused upon mentally retarded subjects (see Sanders, Zigler, & Butterfield, 1968; Turnure, 1970a, 1970b, 1970c, 1973; Turnure & Zigler, 1964), since outerdirectedness as a construct first arose out of a series of studies by Zigler (1966) and his associates which grew out of motivational explanations for what previously
Non-boiling heat transfer in gas-liquid flow in pipes: a tutorial (2005)

In this tutorial the fundamentals of non-boiling heat transfer in two-phase two-component gas-liquid flow in pipes are presented. The techniques used for the determination of the different gas-liquid flow patterns (flow regimes) in vertical, horizontal, and inclined pipes are reviewed. The validity and limitations of the numerous heat transfer correlations that have been published in the literature over the past 50 years are discussed. The extensive results of the recent developments in the non-boiling two-phase heat transfer in air-water flow in horizontal and inclined pipes conducted at Oklahoma State University's Heat Transfer Laboratory are presented. Practical heat transfer correlations for a variety of gas-liquid flow patterns and pipe inclination angles are recommended.
Method for displaying partial slip used for virtual grasp (2004)

A method is presented to display partial slip in precision grip of humans. Partial slip is important information for precision grip of humans, because the human controls grasping force by detecting expansion of the partial slip area. Therefore, a device that displays partial slip will make it easier for remote controlled mechanical hands to grasp objects, irrespective of the friction coefficient between the mechanical hand and object. To design the device displaying partial slip, we analyzed the deformation of a finger when in contact with a rigid plate using a finite element model. We also analyzed the deformation of the finger section model when in contact with the device that displays partial slip. As a result of the analyses, it is confirmed that there is a possibility in displaying partial slip using a tactile display device, which stimulates the finger through deformation of an elastic body.
On Natural Properties in Metaphysics (1993)

Journal Article On Natural Properties in Metaphysics Get access BARRY TAYLOR BARRY TAYLOR Philosophy Department University of Melbourne ParkvilleAustralia 3052 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume 102, Issue 405, January 1993, Pages 81–100, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/102.405.81 Published: 01 January 1993
Industrial computer tomography for dimensional metrology: Overview of influence factors and improvement strategies (2009)

While Computer Tomography (CT) has since long been used for medical applications and material inspection, its application field has recently been broadened to include dimensional metrology in industry. In particular, it provides a unique means of measuring assemblies, complex structures as well as the inner geometry of parts made by rapid manufacturing in a non-destructive way. However, the accuracy of CT-based measurements remains yet largely uncertain, due to a number of influencing factors related to the workpiece, the CT equipment as well as the measurement setup. This paper first classifies the factors influencing the CT performance on the basis of the basic components of the CT system. Next, the obtained knowledge is used to suggest improvement strategies to ameliorate the accuracy of CT measurements.
Antiviral Activity of the Essential Oil of<i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i>(Maiden amp; Betche) Cheel (Tea Tree) Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (1995)

ABSTRACT Essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia was tested for antiviral activity against Tobacco Mosaic Virus. When applied to plants of Nicotiana glutinosa as a pre-inoculation spray at 100, 250 and 500 ppm, the oil was effective in significantly decreasing lesion numbers for at least 10 days post inoculation.
A Look Behind Electrochemical Detection of Explosives (2009)

Abstract Few years ago, the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology started researching the detection of the explosive TNT (2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene) in contaminated soil. This research resulted in a European patent and a sensor prototype. After successful transfer of the developed detection technology from the solid to the gaseous phase, nearly 20 additional explosives were researched. Most of these explosives were nitroaromatic compounds, but in the last few years some work has also been done with peroxide explosives as a response to terrorist threats. The current article shows the good ability of electrochemical sensors to the trace detection or discrimination of explosives.
Desmoplastic and desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma: experience with 280 patients. (1998)

There was no statistically significant difference in survival for patients with DM and those with DNM, and overall survival for both was similar to that for patients with other cutaneous melanomas. However, there was a lower rate of regional lymph node metastasis at initial presentation and as the first recurrence for both DM and DNM. The local recurrence rate was higher when the surgical clearance margin was <1 cm and when neurotropism was present.