gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties and Structure of Amylose‐Glyceryl Monostearate Complexes Formed in Solution or on Extrusion of Wheat Flour (1989)

ABSTRACT Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), alpha‐amylolysis, and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) were used to characterize the lamellar morphology of solution‐grown amyloseglyceryl monostearate (GMS) complexes. The complexes grown at 60°C and 90°C had melting temperatures of 100°C and 114°C, respectively. Both enzyme digested complexes had broad overlapping GFC chromatographs; however, the amylose‐GMS‐90°C complex had chain lengths 25% to 40% larger than the lower temperature complex. Assuming the main GFC peak was representative of the ordered lamellar regions, the complexes grown at 60°C and 90°C had helical chain segments of 104 Å and 145 Å, respectively. The influence of GMS addition on the twin screw extrusion of soft wheat flour was also investigated. Formation of a complex during extrusion, characteristic of the amylose‐GMS‐90°C polymorph, decreased the starch solubility, water holding capacity, enzyme susceptibility and degree of expansive‐puffing of the extrudate.
Methods for quantifying intrafollicular drug delivery: a critical appraisal (2010)

This is still a poorly understood field. It clearly warrants much larger scale studies than have been performed so far involving multiple techniques and multiple drugs.
Digital Holographic Microscopy for Quantitative Live Cell Imaging and Cytometry (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Motivation, and Background Principle of DHM DHM in Cell Analysis Conclusion Acknowledgment References
Rapid Construction of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Expressing Multiple Short Hairpin RNAs with High Antiviral Activity Against Echovirus 30 (2010)

RNA interference has proven to be a powerful tool to inhibit viruses. For the prevention of viral escape, multiple short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) will have to be employed. This article describes a rapid procedure for the generation of shRNA expression cassettes by parallel cloning as well as a simple strategy for the combination of selected units. After delivery of the shRNA expression cassettes with adeno-associated virus vectors, inhibition of echovirus 30 as well as silencing of an important cellular cofactor of virus replication were achieved. The procedure has the potential to be generally applicable for silencing of multiple endogenous targets or viruses.
Accelerometers in rehabilitation medicine for older adults (2005)

Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, miniature accelerometer sensors with potential for use in a clinical setting. These sensors can provide reliable information on mobility and objective measurement of gait. They are currently used mainly in a research setting; however, with recent advances, incorporation into clinical practice is possible. For illustrative purposes this paper describes some current applications of accelerometers in gait and balance evaluation, falls risk assessment and mobility monitoring. Accelerometers provide quantitative measures of gait, they are capable of identifying specific gait changes in older adults and in fallers and can be used to objectively quantify ambulatory activity levels. Accelerometers have many potential uses in monitoring of patients in rehabilitation. They provide an added objective and quantitative dimension to gait analysis when combined with clinical assessment. They have the potential in the future to stratify falls risk facilitating early initiation of appropriate therapeutic intervention, thus reducing further falls. The challenge facing clinicians and biomedical engineers is to further harness this technology making it part of everyday clinical practice.
Disruption-tolerant sessions for seamless mobility (2012)

Current ubiquitous computing technologies provide access to customized, contextual, and location-based services. Device mobility, however, is frequently associated with communication delays, link disruptions due to signal loss, and changes in IP address. As a result, connection-oriented applications may fail and node location strategies should not rely on node addresses. In this paper, we propose the use of communication sessions to create mobility-aware applications that do not break with transmission delays or disruptions. The concept of these communication sessions is embedded in the basic network socket API functions and operates transparently with the applications. Sessions provide application level support to keep track of the location of peer nodes, to detect connection disruptions, and to suspend and resume transmissions. Experiments show our approach offers superior performance of the general IP layer mobility solution, with no need to implement or adapt software at the core network infrastructure.
Role of Interleukin-1β in the Development of Retinopathy in Rats: Effect of Antioxidants (2004)

IL-1beta, by activation of NF-kappaB and an increase in oxidative stress, plays an important role in the retinal microvascular disease that is characteristic of diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants inhibit diabetes-induced increases in retinal IL-1beta. These studies offer a possible rationale to test IL-1beta-targeted therapies to inhibit the development of retinopathy in diabetes.
Proactive replication for data durability (2006)

Many wide-area storage systems replicate data for durability. A common way of maintaining the replicas is to detect node failures and respond by creating additional copies of objects that were stored on failed nodes and hence suffered a loss of redundancy. Reactive techniques can minimize total bytes sent since they only create replicas as needed; however, they can create spikes in network use after a failure. These spikes may overwhelm application traffic and can make it difficult to provision bandwidth. This paper explores a proactive approach that creates additional copies not in response to failures, but periodically at a fixed low rate. We introduce Tempo, a distributed hash table that allows each user to specify a maximum maintenance bandwidth and uses it to perform proactive replication. Results from a simulation study suggest that Tempo can deliver high durability despite only using several kilobytes per second of bandwidth, comparable to state-ofthe-art reactive systems. 1.
Diversity of microbial products—discovery and application (1993)

Abstract Natural products derived from micro‐organisms, plants and animals possess inherent biological properties and are, therefore, an excellent source of lead chemicals on which to base synthesis programmes employing rational design techniques. Only a fraction of the fungal kingdom has been screened systematically for novel metabolites despite their suspected potential. Moreover, the fungi are generally manipulable in laboratory culture systems and, because of their developmental versatility, they offer tremendous potential as sources of novel metabolites. Primary assay systems based on biochemical targets provide an effective means of screening microbial products; such assay systems also efficiently support chemical purification of lead activities and rapid elucidation of new chemical templates.
Occurrence of nosocomial bloodstream infections in six neonatal intensive care units (2000)

Neonatal NBSI incidence varies substantially among institutions despite adjustment for length of stay and some known risk factors. The uses of Broviac catheters and especially intravenous nutrition supplements were significant determinants of NBSI risk.
ANIMAC: A Multiprocessor Architecture for Real-Time Computer Animation (1985)

Advances in integrated circuit technology have been largely responsible for the growth of the computer graphics industry. This technology promises additional growth through the remainder of the century. This dissertation addresses how this future technology can be harnessed and used to construct very high performance real-time computer graphics systems. This thesis proposes a new architecture for real-time animation engines. The ANIMAL architecture achieves high performance by utilizing a two-dimensional array of processors that determine visible surfaces in parallel. An array of sixteen processors with only nearest neighbor interprocessor communications can produce real-time shadowed images of scenes containing 100, 000 triangles. The ANIMAL architecture is based upon analysis and simulations of various parallelization techniques. These simulations suggest that the viewing space be spatially subdivided and that each processor produce a visible surface image for several viewing space subvolumes. Simple assignments of viewing space subvolumes to processors are shown to offer high parallel efficiencies. Simulations of parallel algorithms were driven with data derived from real scenes since analysis of scene composition suggested that using simplistic models of scene composition might lead to incorrect results. The ANIMAL architecture required the development of a shadowing algorithm which was tailored to its parallel environment. This algorithm separates shadowing into local and foreign effects. Its implementation allows individual processors to compute shadowing effects for their image regions utilizing only very local information.The design of the ANIMAL processors makes extensive use of new VLSI architectures. A formerly proposed processor per object architecture is used to determine visible surfaces while new processor per object and processor per pixel architectures are used to determine shadowing effects. It is estimated that the ANIMAL architecture can be realized in the early 1990's. Realizing this architecture will require considerable amounts of hardware and capital yet its cost will not be out of line when compared with today's real time computer graphics systems.
Low-temperature APCVD oxide using TEOS-ozone chemistry for multilevel interconnections (2003)

A low-temperature APCVD (atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition) process using TEOS-O/sub 3/ chemistry has been investigated as an interlayer dielectric application technique for multilevel interconnections. The deposition rates depend on the substrate materials, and the oxide films self-planarize the underlying topography, exhibiting smooth flowing profiles of step coverage as deposited. High-quality films can be formed by increasing the deposition temperature and the O/sub 3//TEOS ratio, and much more improvement can be achieved by annealing. This process has been successfully applied to submicron devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gut Microbiota and Probiotics: Current Status and Their Role in Cancer Therapeutics (2013)

Abstract Preclinical Research The microbiome is a collection of all microbial species that coexist with an individual. These organisms influence several aspects of individual body functions. Probiotic organisms are generally beneficial components of microflora and confer normal health status. Usually, probiotics should be provided from the outside in the diet for maintaining proper health status. Probiotics can also have a significant impact on cancer management. While the results toward cancer management with probiotics are promising, careful risk assessment of probiotics use in cancer patients, who are usually immunocompromised due to radical therapy, comes as a great demand. This article provides an overview of the current research status of probiotics use in cancer patients and discusses the role of probiotics in cancer management.
A neural network for noninvasive decomposition of surface EMG signals using Gaussian nodes (2002)

The decomposition of surface EMG (electromyograms) signals into their constituent single fiber action potentials (SFAPs) is addressed. Generally, this problem is analytically not tractable and is computationally too complex to be reliable. It is demonstrated that it can be resolved by a specially designed neural network called the neural network with Gaussian nodes. Together with a modified back-propagation algorithm, a method of choosing initial conditions is presented. The significance of such solutions is that they allow a physician or medical researcher to observe the time behavior of SFAPs in a noninvasive manner for diagnostic purposes or other medical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptidyl Thioacids Employing a 9-Fluorenylmethyl Thioester-Based Linker in Conjunction with Boc Chemistry (2009)

A method for the synthesis of peptidyl thioacids is described on the basis of the use of the N-[9-(thiomethyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]succinamic acid and cross-linked aminomethyl polystyrene resin. The method employs standard Boc chemistry SPPS techniques in conjunction with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protection of side-chain alcohols and amines and 9-fluorenylmethyl protection of side-chain acids and thiols. Cleavage from the resin is accomplished with piperidine, which also serves to remove the side-chain protection and avoids the HF conditions usually associated with the resin cleavage stage of Boc chemistry SPPS. The so-obtained thioacids are converted to simple thioesters in high yield by standard alkylation according to well-established methods.
Stress-Induced Facilitation of Classical Conditioning (1992)

Stress has been shown to impair subsequent learning. To determine whether stress would impair classical conditioning, rats were exposed to inescapable, low-intensity tail shock and subsequently classically conditioned under freely moving conditions with a brief periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus and a white noise conditioned stimulus. Unexpectedly stressed rats exhibited significantly more conditioned eyeblink responses and the magnitude of their individual responses was also enhanced. These results stand in contrast to the learning deficits typically observed and suggest that stress can enhance the acquisition of discrete conditioned responses.
Measurement of wear in polysilicon micromotors (1992)

Two polysilicon variable-capacitance rotary side-drive micromotor types, including harmonic and salient-pole, are described. Voltages as low as 26 and 35 V across 1.5- mu m gaps are sufficient for operating the harmonic and salient-pole side-drive micromotors, respectively. Extended operation of the harmonic micromotors to near 100 million wobble cycles is studied at excitation frequencies of 10000 and 25000 r/min for operational durations of 150 and 71 h, respectively. The results of in situ quantitative studies indicate that, with micromotor operation, the rotor inner radius asperities wear out and the bearing clearance increases. This bearing wear is significant and results in changes in the gear ratio of the harmonic micromotors by as much as 22%. Typical gear ratios are near 90 at the start of harmonic micromotor operation and decrease to near 70 as the bearings wear out. For the salient-pole micromotors, wear particles are observed to form in the bearing and at the bushings. These wear particles adhere to the bushing surfaces and the area near the edge of the rotor inner radius.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Device perspective of 2D materials beyond graphene (2014)

The rise of two-dimensional (2D) crystals has given new challenges and opportunities to the device research. The semiconducting MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as n-channel and few-layer phosphorene as p-channel have been considered as promising ultra-thin body channels for future microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we focus on the fundamental device properties in these 2D transistors. In the first part we introduce the dielectric integration on MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and other 2D crystals by atomic layer deposition, revealing the similarities and differences of dielectric integration on bulk and 2D crystals. Then we present the different metal contacts on MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , showing Fermi level pinning at metal/2D interfaces. Through molecular chemical doping, contact resistance to MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is able to be reduced to 0.5 Ω·mm and high-performance MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs with drain current of 460 mA/mm are demonstrated. Then we discuss scaling of channel length and width of MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transistors. Finally we demonstrate a 2D CMOS inverter with a MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NFET and a few-layer phosphorene PFET, showing the potentials on these 2D crystals for heterogeneous device integrations.
Synthesis of a Triaza Analogue of Crushed-Fullerene by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation (2004)

Alkylation and intramolecular palladium-catalyzed arylation allows for the ready synthesis of C57H33N3 from symmetrical triindole, a triaza analogue of truxene.
Optimization of transverse oscillating fields for vector velocity estimation with convex arrays (2013)

A method for making Vector Flow Images using the transverse oscillation (TO) approach on a convex array is presented. The paper presents optimization schemes for TO fields for convex probes and evaluates their performance using Field II simulations and measurements using the SARUS experimental scanner. A 3 MHz 192 elements convex array probe (pitch 0.33 mm) is used in both simulations and measurements. An F-number of 5 is used in transmit and two 32 element wide peaks are used in receive separated by 96 elements between peaks. Parabolic velocity profiles are simulated at beam-to-flow angles from 90 to 45 degrees in steps of 15 degrees. The optimization routine changes the lateral oscillation period λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> to yield the best possible estimates based on the energy ratio between positive and negative spatial frequencies in the ultrasound field. The basic equation for λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> gives 1.14 mm at 40 mm, and 1.51 mm from the simulated point spread function. This results in a bias of 35% as λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> directly scales the estimated velocities. Optimizing the focusing yields a λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> of 1.61 mm. The energy ratio is reduced from -12.8 dB to -20.1 dB and the spectral bandwidth from 115.1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 96.5 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> is maintained between 1.47 and 1.70 mm from 25 mm to 70 mm and is increased to 2.8 mm at a depth of 100 mm. Parabolic profiles are estimated using 16 emissions. The optimization gives a reduction in std. from 8.5% to 5.9% with a reduction in bias from 35% to 1.02% at 90 degrees (transverse flow) at a depth of 40 mm. Measurements have been made using the SARUS experimental ultrasound scanner and a BK Medical 8820e convex array transducer. Sixty-four elements was used in transmit and 2 × 32 elements in receive for creating a color flow map image of a flow rig phantom with a laminar, parabolic flow. At 75 degrees a bias of less than 1% was obtained.
Three-dimensional organization of active rRNA genes within the nucleolus. (2002)

peer reviewed
Serum levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in non‐pregnant women, during pregnancy, labour and abortion (1998)

Disturbance of the cytokine equilibrium has been accused for many pathological disorders. Microbial infections, autoimmune diseases, graft rejection have been correlated to over- or under-production of specific cytokines which are produced as responder molecules to the various immune stimuli. The sole naturally occurring immune reaction in the organism is developed during the gestational period where, despite the presence of a semi-allogeneic graft, maternal immunoreactivity is driven to support fetal growth. The successful embryo development has been attributed to the important intervention of cytokines where some have been characterized as indispensable and others deleterious to fetal growth. However, the physiological levels of many factors during the gestational process have not been determined. Thus, in the present study we have measured and established the values of IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during all phases of human pregnancy (first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, labour, abortions of the first trimester) as well as in the non-pregnant control state. This is an attempt to assess serum protein concentrations and present the physiological levels of these cytokines at certain time intervals providing thus a diagnostic advantage in pregnancy cases where the mother cannot immunologically support the fetus. Exploitation of this knowledge and further research may be useful for therapeutic interventions in the future.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Autonomic origins, physiological mechanisms, and psychophysiological implications (1993)

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is being used increasingly in psychophysiological studies as an index of vagal control of the heart and may be among the most selective noninvasive indices of parasympathetic control of cardiac functions. A comprehensive understanding of RSA, however, requires an appreciation of its multiple autonomic and physiological origins. We review the physiological bases of RSA and show that RSA arises from multiple tonic and phasic processes of both central and peripheral origin. These underlying mechanisms are at least partially differentiated, have distinct dynamics and consequences, and may be differentially sensitive to behavioral and cognitive events. These multiple mechanisms are relevant for psychophysiological studies of RSA, and a thorough understanding of RSA can only be achieved through an appreciation of the dynamics of its underlying origins. There is a distinction between the psychophysiological and neurophysiological domains, and conceptual and empirical bridges between these domains are needed.
Effect of resveratrol on endothelial cell function: Molecular mechanisms (2010)

The polyphenolic natural product resveratrol (RV), best known for its occurrence in grape skin and red wine, is considered a candidate drug for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the molecular effects of RV on endothelial cells, which line the inner walls of blood vessels and play a key role in the development of those diseases. We describe how RV enhances endothelial nitric oxide production, improves endothelial redox balance and inhibits endothelial activation in response to pro-inflammatory and metabolic insults. Furthermore, we summarize effects of RV on endothelial senescence, apoptosis, endothelin-1 release, and endothelial progenitor cell function. As many of RV's actions seem to be mediated by SIRT₁, different mechanistic possibilities how RV may lead to SIRT₁ activation are discussed.
Biophysical Aspects of Antigen Recognition by T Cells (1987)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More