gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p38 mitogen-activated kinase is a bidirectional regulator of human fibroblast collagenase-1 induction by three-dimensional collagen lattices (2001)

When fibroblasts are cultured in contracting collagen matrices, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, collagenase-1) is induced. In the present study we demonstrate that p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) plays a bi-directional role in the MMP-1 response to contracting floating collagen lattices (fl-coll). fl-coll, but not attached collagen lattices (att-coll), co-ordinately increased expression of MMP-1 and activities of p38α and MKK3/6 (MAPK kinase 3/6). However, treatment of primary fibroblasts cultured in fl-coll with increasing doses of SB203580, an inhibitor of p38α and p38β, caused a bipolar pattern of MMP-1 expression. Partial inhibition of p38 MAPK activity resulted in the lowest level of MMP-1 expression, whereas total inhibition of p38 activity led to MMP-1 levels as high as in the absence of inhibitor. The activation/inhibition of p38α was apparently responsible for the observed phenomena, as supported by three lines of evidence. (1) p38α was the predominant isoform sensitive to SB203580 in primary fibroblasts. (2) Fibroblasts transfected with increasing dose of a dominant negative p38α (p38DN) similarly demonstrated the bipolar pattern of MMP-1 expression induced by fl-coll. (3) The bipolar MMP-1 expression occurred during the gradual, linear inhibition of p38α kinase activity by both inhibitors, SB203580 and p38DN. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a previously identified positive regulator of MMP-1 expression induced by fl-coll [Xu, Zutter, Santoro and Clark (1998) J. Cell Biol. 140, 709-719] was mediated by fl-coll-activated p38α. However, the fl-coll-induced expression of MMP-1 facilitated by p38α suppression was maintained independent of NF-κB activity, suggesting the existence of a p38α-dependent antagonistic pathway. We conclude that fl-coll-induced MMP-1 expression is the net outcome of opposing effects mediated by p38α. Therefore, the level of p38α kinase activity may provide a fine-tuned control of MMP-1 gene expression in response to biomechanical signals.
The production of duckweed as a source of biofuels (2012)

Duckweed is a promising feedstock for the production of biofuels. Advantageous characteristics include rapid, clonal growth as small free-floating plants on nutrient-rich water; global adaptability across a broad range of climates; naturally high protein content; and inducible high starch content with low or no lignin, which enables other value-added products. The objective of this article is to review the published research on duckweed cultivation in nutrient-rich wastewaters, starch enrichment in duckweed plants and conversion of high-starch duckweed to biofuels. Duckweed yields of 39.1–105.9 t ha-1 year-1 have been achieved using wastewater as the nutrient source, which are much higher than the yields of most other potential energy crops. Duckweed starch contents of 31.0–45.8% dry weight have been achieved after it has been subjected to nutrient starvation for 5–10 days, and up to 94.7% of the starch could be converted to ethanol using the existing technologies for corn starch conversion. Future research objectives include selecting high-performance duckweed strains, improving starch enrichment and conversion, and developing technologies for large-scale operations.
32nm strained nitride MTP cell by fully CMOS logic compatible process (2012)

A 32nm MTP cell with a nitride-based storage node using 32nm strained Si process are demonstrated with an ultra small cell size of 0.0528µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by a 32nm strained-CMOS fully logic compatible process. A self-aligned tiny nitride storage node is placed in the narrow spacing of two 32nm transistors by a merged transistor spacer mingled with a strained nitride of 32nm strained Si process. The twin-gate cell uses the source side injection (SSI) to obtain 100 times of on/off window by a low program voltage of 3.5V within 1msec. A good reliability in retention and disturb is exhibited due to the inherently decoupling of storage node and transistor gate oxide in this cell, even when gate oxide is thinner than 16Å with 32nm gate length only.
Oral Anti-CD3 Antibody Treatment Induces Regulatory T Cells and Inhibits the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice (2009)

Our findings indicate the atheroprotective role of oral anti-CD3 antibody treatment in mice via induction of a regulatory T-cell response. These findings suggest that oral immune modulation may represent an attractive therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis.
EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF GOLD AND SILVER ON MAGNESIUM OXIDE CLEAVED IN ULTRAHIGH VACUUM (1967)

Single-crystal, high-purity films of silver and gold were formed by ultrahigh vacuum deposition on surfaces of magnesium oxide cleaved in vacuum. Epitaxial characteristics were studied in situ at various stages of formation by LEED and on stripped films by electron microscopy and high energy electron diffraction. It is significant that well-ordered epitaxial (100) Au and (100) Ag films were obtained on untreated MgO surfaces cleaved in UHV. Nucleation at -195°C or severe electron bombardment followed by deposition at 200°C produced gold films with (111) fiber-axis orientations.
Reconfiguration of the small intestine and diabetes remitting effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (2016)

A series of nonmutually exclusive changes in small intestinal physiology likely make a significant contribution to improved glycaemic control postgastric bypass. Longitudinal data indicate that these effects do not translate into a long-term cure. A number of surgery-induced changes, however, are amenable to device-based and pharmacology-based mimicry, and this is an area for prioritization of future research focus.
Methionine Oxidation of Sup35 Protein Induces Formation of the [PSI+] Prion in a Yeast Peroxiredoxin Mutant (2011)

The frequency with which the yeast [PSI(+)] prion form of Sup35 arises de novo is controlled by a number of genetic and environmental factors. We have previously shown that in cells lacking the antioxidant peroxiredoxin proteins Tsa1 and Tsa2, the frequency of de novo formation of [PSI(+)] is greatly elevated. We show here that Tsa1/Tsa2 also function to suppress the formation of the [PIN(+)] prion form of Rnq1. However, although oxidative stress increases the de novo formation of both [PIN(+)] and [PSI(+)], it does not overcome the requirement of cells being [PIN(+)] to form the [PSI(+)] prion. We use an anti-methionine sulfoxide antibody to show that methionine oxidation is elevated in Sup35 during oxidative stress conditions. Abrogating Sup35 methionine oxidation by overexpressing methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) prevents [PSI(+)] formation, indicating that Sup35 oxidation may underlie the switch from a soluble to an aggregated form of Sup35. In contrast, we were unable to detect methionine oxidation of Rnq1, and MSRA overexpression did not affect [PIN(+)] formation in a tsa1 tsa2 mutant. The molecular basis of how yeast and mammalian prions form infectious amyloid-like structures de novo is poorly understood. Our data suggest a causal link between Sup35 protein oxidation and de novo [PSI(+)] prion formation.
A dynamic reservation protocol for multi-priority multi-rate data services on GSM networks (2002)

This paper presents a new media access control protocol for multi-priority multi-rate data services on GSM networks. In this protocol, which we named dynamic reservation protocol, data terminals can get their uplink channels through contention-free reservation. Therefore this protocol can achieve very high channel utilization efficiency and can significantly improve the service performance under heavy traffic load. The reservation scheme can adapt to traffic variations, by dynamically changing the transmission cycle length. Simulation results show that this protocol offers significantly better delay/throughput performance when compared to other protocols proposed in the literature. Since this protocol is built on the top of the GSM physical layer, its implementation should be very straight forward.
Fibrinogen induces chemotactic activity in endothelial cells (2002)

Chemotaxis of blood monocytes into the vessel wall together with the change of the relative content of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins at sites of predilection is an early cellular marker of atherogenesis. To examine the influence of ECM proteins on secretion of chemoattractants by endothelial cells (EC), porcine EC were seeded on gelatin (G), fibronectin (Fn) and fibrinogen (Fg). After 24 h cells seeded on G and Fn showed the histiotypic 'cobblestone'-morphology whereas cells seeded on Fg did not. Chemotactic activity for monocytes in supernatants from cells seeded on Fg was more than two-fold higher compared with G and was independent of soluble Fn or Fg in the supernatant. Quantification of monocyte chemoattracting protein-1, PDGF-AB and IL-8 in EC supernatants showed that Fg led to a significant increase in secretion of all three proteins compared with cells cultured on G. Preincubation of porcine EC with the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, as inhibitor of binding of Fg to integrin receptors, but not with the control tripeptide arginine-glycine-glutamic acid showed a decrease in chemotactic activity for cells cultured on Fg but not on Fn or G. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in EC by GF109203 resulted in a decrease of fibrinogen-induced chemotactic activity. Also the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor herbimycin inhibited fibrinogen mediated secretion of chemokines. The role of the PKC pathway for matrix mediated signal transduction is further corroborated by Fg-dependent induction of the PKC isoform delta. These data indicate an integrin-dependent signal transduction pathway leading to induction of chemotactic activity by the ECM protein fibrinogen. This mechanism may contribute to induction of chemokines in early atherosclerotic lesions.
New digital adaptive-filter implementation using distributed-arithmetic techniques (1981)

In the paper a new technique for the implementation of digital adaptive filters is presented, based on the use of a so-called distributed-arithmetic filter architecture which uses no multipliers in its realisation of the filtering function. Two adaptive algorithms suitable for this type of filter structure are developed and computer simulations show the viability of both approaches. A simplified-hardware prototype module has also been constructed which realises an 8-point transversal adaptive filter. Results from this prototype are presented to demonstrate the basic feasibility of the distributed-arithmetic adaptive-filter structure.
A 65 nm 0.165 fJ/Bit/Search 256$\,\times\,$144 TCAM Macro Design for IPv6 Lookup Tables (2010)

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is extensively adopted in network systems. As routing tables become larger, energy consumption and leakage current become increasingly important issues in the design of TCAM in nano-scale technologies. This work presents a novel 65 nm energy-efficient TCAM macro design for IPv6 applications. The proposed TCAM employs the concept of architecture and circuit co-design. To achieve an energy-efficient TCAM architecture, a butterfly match-line scheme and a hierarchy search-line scheme are developed to reduce significantly both the search time and power consumption. The match-lines are also implemented using noise-tolerant XOR-based conditional keepers to reduce not only the search time but also the power consumption. To reduce the increasing leakage power in advanced technologies, the proposed TCAM design utilizes two power gating techniques, namely super cut-off power gating and multi-mode data-retention power gating. An energy-efficient 256 × 144 TCAM macro is implemented using UMC 65 nm CMOS technology, and the experimental results demonstrate a leakage power reduction of 19.3% and an energy metric of the TCAM macro of 0.165 fJ/bit/search.
Adaptive minimum variance methods for direct blind multichannel equalization (2002)

Constrained adaptive optimization techniques are employed to design direct blind equalizers. The method is based on minimizing the equalizer's output variance subject to appropriate constraints. The constraints are chosen to guarantee no desired signal cancellation and are also jointly and recursively optimized to improve the performance. Our method provides adaptive solutions which directly optimize the equalizer's parameters, while its performance compares favorably to that of the linear prediction based approaches. Global convergence is established and comparisons with other blind and trained methods are presented.
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factors <i>alpha</i> and <i>beta</i> stimulate fibroblasts to produce hemopoietic growth factors in vitro. (1988)

The influences of TNF alpha and TNF beta were evaluated for their stimulatory and inhibitory effects on in vitro colony formation by human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells. Both TNF alpha and TNF beta induced fibroblasts to produce stimulators of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar results were seen when equivalent concentrations of TNF alpha and TNF beta were used. Prior incubation of the TNF alpha and TNF beta with their respective antibodies inactivated the ability of the TNF preparations to induce the release of granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential colony-stimulating activity from fibroblasts. In addition, incubation of the TNF-induced fibroblast supernatant with antibody before colony assay resulted in enhanced colony formation, suggesting that the TNF carried over into the colony assay suppressed colony formation. Additional proof of this suppression by TNF was evident when TNF was added directly to the CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM colony assays. IL-1 does not appear to function as an intermediary in growth factor production by fibroblasts stimulated with TNF because antibody to IL-1 displayed no effect. Furthermore, assay of TNF-induced fibroblast supernatant was negative for IL-1. These results suggest that TNF alpha and TNF beta exert both a positive and negative influence on in vitro hemopoietic colony formation.
Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase, a Key Enzyme in the Regulation of Lipid Synthesis (2008)

TAG, triacylglycerol; HAD, haloacid dehalogenase; PI, phosphatidylinositol; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; UAS INO , inositol-responsive upstream activating sequence; CL, cardiolipin. 3 The acronym PAP (also known as PAP1) is used to designate PA phosphatase, the enzyme that is specific for PA and that requires Mg 2 for activity (3). PAP is distinct from lipid phosphate phosphatase (previously known as PAP2), the enzyme that dephosphorylates PA and other lipid phosphates (e.g., lyso-PA, DAG pyrophosphate, sphingoid base phosphates, and isoprenoid phosphates) by a catalytic mechanism that does not require Mg 2 (3).
A study on the two-channel authentication method which provides two-way authentication in the Internet banking environment (2010)

The Internet banking service provides convenience, providing rapid development in the world. However, it still causes a number of security problems including hacking. In order to strengthen security, the financial institutions have provided such authentication methods as the official authentication certificate, the security token, the security card and OTP. However, the incidents related to hacking have continuously occurred. Various weak points have been suggested for the authentication methods in regard to such types of hacking as the memory hacking or the MITM attack. In this study, the two-channel authentication method which provide two-way authentication on the user's PC and mobile device when executing the electronic financial transactions in the Internet banking environment is suggested. Also, by analyzing it in comparison with other existing methods, it is possible to check that the prospects of safety and credibility are strengthened.
Association of hydrogen metabolism with unitrophic or mixotrophic growth of Methanosarcina barkeri on carbon monoxide (1984)

Methanosarcina barkeri was adapted to grow on carbon monoxide by sequential transfer of the culture in medium that contained CO (100% of culture headspace). These experiments document the ability of the organism to grow slowly (65-h doubling time) and to produce methane and CO2 either on CO as the sole carbon and energy source or by the simultaneous consumption of methanol and CO. During growth on CO as carbon and energy source, net hydrogen formation occurred when the CO partial pressure in the culture headspace was greater than 20% CO, but hydrogen was consumed when the CO concentration was below this value.
Cochlear Microcirculation in Young and Old Gerbils (1990)

• Human postmortem studies as well as epidemiologic investigations have implicated the peripheral vascular system as one of the etiologic factors of presbycusis. This study uses the surface dissection microsphere method for regional cochlear blood flow analysis and morphometric techniques for quantifying capillary density in the stria vascularis. In this study 11 old and 10 young gerbils were used. Our results indicate that blood flow in the cochlea was decreased in the old gerbils. This decrease was most obvious in the lateral portion (stria vascularis). The decrease of blood flow in older animals was clearly not related to loss of strial capillaries with aging. The decreased flow to the lateral portion must arise from either decreased perfusion pressure or from increased vascular resistance. This decreased blood flow in the aged animals supports a vascular theory of presbycusis. (<i>Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</i>. 1990;116:932-936)
Estimation of formation fluid pressure using high-resolution velocity from inversion of seismic data and a rock physics model based on compaction and burial diagenesis of shales (2006)

Accurate assessment and prediction of formation fluid pressure and fracture gradient form an essential part of the planning process during various phases of hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation; these include regional basin analysis and basin high-grading, prospect identification, analysis, and drilling campaign to lift hydrocarbons. While the literature is full of activities in this field that are linked to the need for drilling safety by providing help with casing and mud weight program—and quite justifiably so—very little discussion addresses another, and very important need: seal integrity and trap configuration analysis.
Differential expression of epidermal growth factor-related proteins in human colorectal tumors. (1991)

Amphiregulin (AR) and cripto are proteins that are structurally related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). AR is also functionally related to this family of growth regulatory molecules and is able to bind and activate the 170-kDa EGF receptor (EGFR). Human EGFR-3 (HER3)/ERBB3 is a recently identified protein related to the EGFR that is widely expressed in breast carcinomas and is a candidate receptor for EGF-like growth factors. Differential expression of these putative ligands and receptors in transformed cells suggests that they may function in an autocrine manner to regulate tumor cell growth. Specific mRNA transcripts for TGF-alpha [4.8 kilobases (kb)], AR (1.4 kb), cripto (2.2 kb), and HER3 (6.2 kb) were expressed in a majority of human colon cancer cell lines. HER3 mRNA was detected in 55% of primary or metastatic human colorectal carcinomas but in only 22% of normal colon mucosa and 32% of normal liver samples. In contrast, cripto and AR mRNA were expressed in 60-70% of primary or metastatic human colorectal cancers but in only 2-7% of normal human colonic mucosa. Immunostaining also detected AR protein in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors but not in normal colon or uninvolved liver. These findings suggest that cripto and AR may be useful markers to discriminate between normal and malignant colonic epithelium and may provide a selective growth advantage for colorectal carcinomas.
Dynamic creation of multimedia Web views on heterogeneous information sources (2005)

Integration of the World Wide Web and other information sources is strongly required in the recent advanced application environments. Although information sources contain various types of data objects, the volume of multimedia objects has been increasing drastically. The paper proposes a multimedia integration scheme using SMIL in a mediator based integration system. The scheme achieves dynamic creation of various Web views combining multimedia objects stored in heterogeneous information sources such as the Web, structured documents, and databases. A key point is to utilize SMIL as a framework for dynamic multimedia integration. Since there already exist some players for SMIL documents, dynamic integration results including multimedia objects can be rendered in such players, without special-purpose ones, and are ready to be broadly distributed. The main contributions of the paper are as follows. (1) We propose a dynamic, SMIL-based multimedia integration scheme. This scheme utilizes an extended relational data model named WebNR/SD. (2) We report on implementation of the proposed scheme. We have already implemented the first prototype system which realizes integration of heterogeneous information sources including multimedia objects. Actually, it can construct SMIL-based multimedia views dynamically. This shows the practical significance of our scheme.
A new yeast mutation in the glucosylation steps of the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway. Formation of a novel asparagine-linked oligosaccharide containing two glucose residues. (1986)

We have isolated and characterized a new yeast mutation in the glucosylation steps of lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, alg8-1. Cells carrying the alg8-1 mutation accumulate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2-lipid both in vivo and in vitro. We present evidence showing that the alg8-1 mutation blocks addition of the second alpha 1,3-linked glucose. alg8-1 cells transfer Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 to protein instead of the wild type oligosaccharide, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. Pulse-chase studies indicate that the Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 transferred is processed more slowly than the wild type oligosaccharide. The yeast mutation gls1-1 lacks glucosidase I activity (Esmon, B., Esmon, P.C., and Schekman, R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10322-10327), the enzyme responsible for removing the alpha 1,2-linked glucose residues from protein-linked oligosaccharides. We demonstrate that gls1-1 cells contain glucosidase II activity (which removes alpha 1,3-linked glucose residues) and have constructed the alg8-1 gls1-1 haploid double mutant. The Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide was trimmed normally in these cells, demonstrating that the alg8-1 oligosaccharide contained an alpha 1,3-linked glucose residue. A novel Glc2 compound was probably produced by the action of the biosynthetic enzyme that normally adds the alpha 1,2-linked glucose to lipid-linked Glc2Man9GlcNAc2. This enzyme may be able to slowly add alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue to protein-bound Glc1Man9GlcNAc2. The relevance of these findings to similar observations in other systems where glucose residues are added to asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and the possible significance of the reduced rate of oligosaccharide trimming in the alg mutants are discussed.