gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
13C isotopomer model for estimation of anaplerotic substrate oxidation via acetyl-CoA (1996)

A previous model using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance isotopomer analysis provided for direct measurement of the oxidation of 13C-enriched substrates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and/or their entry via anaplerotic pathways. This model did not allow for recycling of labeled metabolites from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates into the acetyl-CoA pool. An extension of this model is now presented that incorporates carbon flow from oxaloacetate or malate to acetyl-CoA. This model was examined using propionate metabolism in the heart, in which previous observations indicated that all of the propionate consumed was oxidized to CO2 and water. Application of the new isotopomer model shows that 2 mM [3-13C]propionate entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle as succinyl-CoA (an anaplerotic pathway) at a rate equal to 52% of tricarboxylic acid cycle turnover and that all of this carbon entered the acetyl-CoA pool and was oxidized. This was verified using standard biochemical analysis; from the rate (mumol.min-1.g dry wt-1) of propionate uptake (4.0 +/- 0.7), the estimated oxygen consumption (24.8 +/- 5) matched that experimentally determined (24.4 +/- 3).
HEp-2 Cell Image Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks (2014)

The diagnosis of many autoimmune diseases can be greatly facilitated by automatic staining patterns classification of Human Epithelial-2 (HEp-2) cells within indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) images. In this paper, we propose a framework to classify the HEp-2 cells by utilizing the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With carefully designed network architecture and optimized parameters, our networks extract features from raw pixels of cell images in a hierarchical manner and perform classification jointly, avoiding using hand-crafted features to represent a HEp-2 cell image. We evaluate our method on the training dataset of HEp-2 cells classification competition held by ICPR 2014. Our system achieves mean class accuracy of 96.7% on the held-out test set and it also obtains competitive performance on the ICPR 2012 cell dataset.
Remote Center of Motion (RCM) Mechanisms for Surgical Operations (2015)

Nowadays, surgical applications, entering the body through a small incision with laparoscopic procedures are performed and are expanding the use of robots for these operations. In existing systems, conventional robots are used for the body. Surgical procedure is carried out by a separate mechanism which is attached to the end of the robot and robot is used to positioning this mechanism. These mechanisms are called Remote Center of Motion (RCM) mechanism. In this paper, the literature on studies performed about the parallel, spherical and hybrid RCM mechanisms are examined and classified.
수정체 상피 세포에서의 TGF-β 에 의한 MMP Gene 의 발현 유도 (2000)

수정체 상피 세포의 섬유화 세포로의 변형에 있어서 그동안 많은 연구들이 이루어져 왔고 , 그 기전에 TGF-β 등의 cytokine 이나 Hydrogen peroxide 같은 oxidative stress , UV 에 의한 irradiation 등이 주요한 유발 원인이 된다는 보고가 있어왔다. 우리는 수정체 상피 세포의 세포외 기질 ( Extracellular matrix ) 의 변화 혹은 비정상적인 축적들이 이러한 상피 세포의 섬유화 세포로의 변형과 밀접한 관련이 있을 것이라는 가정 하에 , 세포외 기질을 분해할 수 있는 효소중의 하나인 matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 들이 여러 cytokine 들을 처리하였을 때 전사되는 mRNA 또는 Protein 양의 변화가 있는지를 조사하였다. Human lens epithelial cell line ( HLE B-3 ) 에 IL-1α , IFN-γ , TGF-β TNF-α , basic - FGF 등의 cytokine 들을 처리하여 본 결과 TGF-β 에 의해서는 MMP-2 , IL-1α 에 의해서는 MMP-3 , TNF-α 에 의해서 MMP-9 의 mRNA 발현이 각각 증가 하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 수정체 상피 세포의 섬유화 세포로의 변형을 유발하는 것으로 알려진 TGF-β 의 농도가 증가 할수록 MMP-2 의 발현이 증가 됨을 확인하였고 시간 별로도 계속적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이 연구에 의하면 , 여러 가지 cytokine 들 , 특히 수정체 상피 세포의 변형과 밀접한 관련이 있는 TGF-β 에 의해서 MMP-2 의 발현이 증가함으로써 수정체 상피 세포의 변형에 이들의 역할이 중요할 것으로 사료된다
Polymerization of butadiene by <i>n</i>‐butyllithium‐titanium tetrachloride (tetraiodide) catalysts (1965)

Abstract The structure of polybutadiene obtained with a n ‐BuLi–TiX 4 (X = Cl, I) catalyst depends on the Li/Ti ratio. At Li/Ti < 2.5 the result is similar to that with ( i ‐Bu) 3 Al–TiX 4 , predominantly, cis ‐1,4‐polybutadiene. On the other hand, in the range Li/Ti = 3–4, the chloride catalyst produces largely 1,2‐polybutadiene, and at Li/Ti = 3 it is unaffected by ether in contrast to other ratios investigated. At Li/Ti ≥ 5 in both halide systems, the structure is essentially a mixture of isomers characteristic of the n ‐BuLi catalyst alone.
Antifungal properties of rhamnolipid produced by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> DS9 against <i>Colletotrichum falcatum</i> (2015)

The rhamnolipid biosurfactant (RL-DS9) extracted from the bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa DS9 was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Colletotrichum falcatum that causes red rot in sugarcane. The surface tension (ST) reduction, biosurfactant production, and antifungal activity of biosurfactant against C. falcatum were investigated by using the medium with different carbon sources and it was found to be maximum in glucose. Moreover, highest reduction of ST and production of biosurfactant was achieved at 4.5% (w/v) concentration of glucose. The efficacy of RL-DS9 was compared with a commercially available rhamnolipid (RL-R95) using microtitre plate assay. Results showed that at 100 μg ml(-1) concentration RL-DS9 exhibited 86.6% inhibition against C. falcatum spore germination, and in the same concentration RL-R95 showed 83.3% inhibition. From liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, it was revealed that only two similar congeners Rha-(C10 ) and Rha-Rha-(C10:1 ) were found to be in common among both the rhamnolipids. In the plant bioassay test, it was noted that red rot incidence was reduced on the sugarcane plants treated with RL-DS9. This is the first report that rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa DS9 could be able to control red rot disease of sugarcane caused due to the infection with the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum.
Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Renin Activation During Sodium Restriction (1997)

The objective of the present study was to explore the interrelationships among cumulative sodium loss, renin activation, and blood pressure changes during sodium restriction in essential hypertensive patients. Specifically, we wanted to know whether the degree of sodium sensitivity of blood pressure depends on renin activation during steady state or on initial renin activation during the first days of sodium restriction. Sixty-seven untreated essential hypertensive patients were admitted to a metabolic ward for 8 days and put on a sodium restricted diet of 55 mmol/d from the second to the last day. Urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, and creatinine were determined along with mean arterial pressure and weight during 7 days. Besides measurements in steady state condition (after 7 days), active plasma renin concentration, aldosterone, and catecholamines were also assessed during the first 3 days of sodium restriction. Analyzable data are available for 55 patients. Baseline sodium excretion and the activation of renin during the first 3 days both appeared to be predictors of total sodium loss after 7 days. Changes in blood pressure were not related to changes in sodium balance, but they were to baseline blood pressure, baseline norepinephrine, and renin activation during the early phase of sodium restriction. In addition, blood pressure appeared to fall more when the normal relationship between sodium loss and early (but not late) activation of renin was disturbed. We conclude that sodium sensitivity of blood pressure during sodium restriction is associated with a relative unresponsiveness of the renin system during the early phase of sodium loss rather than to absolute renin levels during steady state.
Haar Local Binary Pattern Feature for Fast Illumination Invariant Face Detection (2009)

Face detection is the first step in many visual processing systems like face recognition, emotion recognition and lip reading. In this paper, we propose a novel feature called Haar Local Binary Pattern (HLBP) feature for fast and reliable face detection, particularly in adverse imaging conditions. This binary feature compares bin values of Local Binary Pattern histograms calculated over two adjacent image subregions. These subregions are similar to those in the Haar masks, hence the name of the feature. They capture the region-specific variations of local texture patterns and are boosted using AdaBoost in a framework similar to that proposed by Viola and Jones. Preliminary results obtained on several standard databases show that it competes well with other face detection systems, especially in adverse illumination conditions.
Preferential Orientation of Lamellar Microdomains Induced by Uniaxial Stretching of Cross-Linked Polystyrene-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-polybutadiene-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-polystyrene Triblock Copolymer (2001)

We report an experimental result for a lamellar orientation in cross-linked polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) triblock copolymer that was uniaxially drawn at 130 °C (above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene; Tg(PS)). The lamellar orientation was examined using two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering (2d-SAXS) experiments. It was revealed that the lamellar normal preferentially oriented perpendicular to the stretching direction such that the microdomain interface between polystyrene and polybutadiene lamellae is more or less parallel to the stretching direction, where the lamellar normal denotes the direction normal to the lamellar interface. On the other hand, a herringbone structure was induced by the uniaxial stretching for a sample drawn at room temperature (below Tg(PS)) without the lamellar orientation. Therefore, it is concluded that the strain-induced orientation of lamellae can be only attained above Tg(PS) and that the uniaxial stretching above Tg(PS) was found to be an effective way to induce the preferential orientation of lamellae. The lamellar orientation was found to be improved by the thermal annealing at a stretched state and more by increasing the extent of the stretching, as well as cross-linking density.
Primary osteogenic sarcoma: pathologic aspects in 20 patients after treatment with chemotherapy en bloc resection, and prosthetic bone replacement. (1977)

Twenty patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the distal portion of the femur and the proximal portion of the tibia received chemotherapy (vincristine sulfate, methotrexate with leucovorin calcium rescue, [citrovorum factor; folinade calcium], and doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin]), followed by radical en bloc resection and prosthetic bone replacement. Histologic examination of surgical specimens obtained after chemotherapy showed variable degrees of tumor destruction and, in some cases, massive tumor necrosis, attesting to the profound effects of vigorous chemotherapy. This new therapeutic regimen, when feasible, may prove to be the treatment of choice in osteogenic sarcoma.
High Affinity Neurexin Binding to Cell Adhesion G-protein-coupled Receptor CIRL1/Latrophilin-1 Produces an Intercellular Adhesion Complex (2012)

The G-protein-coupled receptor CIRL1/latrophilin-1 (CL1) and the type-1 membrane proteins neurexins represent distinct neuronal cell adhesion molecules that exhibit no similarities except for one common function: both proteins are receptors for α-latrotoxin, a component of black widow spider venom that induces massive neurotransmitter release at synapses. Unexpectedly, we have now identified a direct binding interaction between the extracellular domains of CL1 and neurexins that is regulated by alternative splicing of neurexins at splice site 4 (SS4). Using saturation binding assays, we showed that neurexins lacking an insert at SS4 bind to CL1 with nanomolar affinity, whereas neurexins containing an insert at SS4 are unable to bind. CL1 competed for neurexin binding with neuroligin-1, a well characterized neurexin ligand. The extracellular sequences of CL1 contain five domains (lectin, olfactomedin-like, serine/threonine-rich, hormone-binding, and G-protein-coupled receptor autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domains). Of these domains, the olfactomedin-like domain mediates neurexin binding as shown by deletion mapping. Cell adhesion assays using cells expressing neurexins and CL1 revealed that their interaction produces a stable intercellular adhesion complex, indicating that their interaction can be trans-cellular. Thus, our data suggest that CL1 constitutes a novel ligand for neurexins that may be localized postsynaptically based on its well characterized interaction with intracellular SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeats adaptor proteins (SHANK) and could form a trans-synaptic complex with presynaptic neurexins.
Building an intelligent provisioning engine for IaaS cloud computing services (2011)

As information and communication technology develop rapidly, there is an increasingly perceived vision that cloud computing will become a utility just like gas, water and electricity. Cloud computing, as a daily service, will be provided through the network and be consumed elastically. To deliver it efficiently on user's demand, automatic provisioning is essential. The IaaS provisioning has to deal with the allocation, configuration and activation of heterogeneous resources, which involve different virtualization technologies, as well as physical hosts, storage, software and network equipment in the cloud. Moreover, a cloud consisting of datacenters in different locations complicates the service provisioning strategies and processes. Facing these challenges, in this paper an intelligent provisioning engine with the features of feasibility, flexibility, re-usability and configurability is proposed to realize the automatic provisioning of on-demand cloud computing services.
Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter With Hybrid Rectifier and Variable-Frequency Plus Phase-Shift Control for Wide Output Voltage Range Applications (2016)

A family of two-phase interleaved LLC (iLLC) resonant converter with hybrid rectifier is proposed for wide output voltage range applications. The primary sides of the two LLC converters are in parallel, and the connection of the secondary windings in the two LLC converters can be regulated by the hybrid rectifier according to the output voltage. Variable frequency control is employed to regulate the output voltage and the secondary windings are in series when the output voltage is high. Fixed-frequency phase-shift control is adopted to regulate the configuration of the secondary windings as well as the output voltage when the output voltage is low. The output voltage range is extended by adaptively changing the configuration of the hybrid rectifier, which results in reduced switching frequency range, circulating current, and conduction losses of the LLC resonant tank. Zero voltage switching and zero current switching are achieved for all the active switches and diodes, respectively, within the entire operation range. The operation principles are analyzed and a 3.5 kW prototype with 400 V input voltage and 150-500 V output voltage is built and tested to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Coordinate Live Streaming and Storage Sharing for Social Media Content Distribution (2012)

The recently emerged user-generated contents (UGC) services, social networking services (SNS), as well as the pervasive wireless mobile network services have formed social media which has drastically changed the content distribution landscape. Today such UGC applications as YouTube allow any user to be a content provider, generating enormous amount of video contents that are quickly and extensively propagated on the Internet through such SNSes as Facebook and Twitter. Unfortunately, the existing UGC sites are facing critical server bottlenecks and the surges created by the social networking users would make the situation even worse. To better understand the challenges and opportunities therein, we investigate users' social behavior and personal preference of online video sharing from both real-trace measurement study on a popular social networking website and a user questionnaire survey. Our data analysis reveals an interesting coexistence of live streaming and storage sharing, and that the users are generally more interested in watching their friend's videos. It further suggests that even though the traffic is significant, most users are willing to share their resources to assist others, implying user collaboration is a rational choice in this context. In this paper, we present Coordinated Live Streaming and Storage Sharing (COOLS), a system for efficient peer-to-peer posting of user-generated videos. Through a novel ID code design that embeds nodes' locations in an overlay, COOLS leverages stable storage users and yet inherently prioritizes living streaming flows. We also present the improvement of the basic overlay design. The evaluation results show that, as compared to other state-of-the-art solutions, COOLS successfully takes advantage of the coexistence of live streaming and storage sharing, providing better scalability, robustness, and streaming quality.
Cancer vaccines (1993)

1993 represents the 100th anniversary of William Coley's first report of tumour regressions induced by immune system activation in response to bacterial toxins. While many subsequent cancer vaccine trials have yielded tantalizing results, active immunotherapy has not yet become an established modality of cancer therapy. Drew Pardoll reviews newer molecular vaccine approaches based on rational immunological principles that have resulted in improved systemic antitumour effects in animal models. Ultimately the genetic definition of tumour-specific antigens will allow the development of targeted antigen-specific vaccines for cancer therapy.
Active laser radar for high-performance measurements (2002)

Laser scanners, or laser radars (ladar), have been used for a number of years for mobile robot navigation and inspection tasks. Although previous scanners were sufficient for low speed applications, they often did not have the range or angular resolution necessary for mapping at the long distances. Many also did not provide an ample field of view with high accuracy and high precision. In this paper we will present the development of state-of-the-art, high speed, high accuracy, 3D laser radar technology. This work has been a joint effort between CMU and K2T and Z+F. The scanner mechanism provides an unobstructed 360/spl deg/ horizontal field of view, and a 70/spl deg/ vertical field of view. Resolution of the scanner is variable with a maximum resolution of approximately 0.06 degrees per pixel in both azimuth and elevation. The laser is amplitude-modulated, continuous-wave with an ambiguity interval of 52 m, a range resolution of 1.6 mm, and a maximum pixel rate of 625 kHz. This paper will focus on the design and performance of the laser radar and will discuss several potential applications for the technology. It reports on performance data of the system including noise, drift over time, precision, and accuracy with measurements. Influences of ambient light, surface material of the target and ambient temperature for range accuracy are discussed. Example data of applications will be shown and improvements will also be discussed.
The Named-State Register File: implementation and performance (2002)

Context switches are slow in conventional processors because the entire processor state must be saved and restored, even if much of the state is not used before the next context switch. This paper introduces the Named-State Register File, a fine-grain associative register file. The NSF uses hardware and software techniques to efficiently manage registers among sequential or parallel procedure activations. The NSF holds more live data per register than conventional register files, and requires much less spill and reload traffic to switch between concurrent contexts. The NSF speeds execution of some sequential and parallel programs by 9% to 17% over alternative register file organizations. The NSF has access time comparable to a conventional register file and only adds 5% to the area of a typical processor chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electroactive Polymers as Artificial Muscles: Capabilities, Potentials and Challenges (2000)

For many years, electroactive polymers (EAP) received relatively little attention due to the small number of available materials and their limited actuation capability. The recent emergence of EAP materials with large displacement response changed the paradigm of these materials and their potential capability. The main attractive characteristic of EAP is their operational similarity to biological muscles, particularly their resilience and ability to induce large actuation strains. Unique robotic components and miniature devices are being explored, where EAP serve as actuators to enable new capabilities. In recognition of the need for international cooperation among the developers, users and potential sponsors, an SPIE Conference was organized for the first time on March 1–2, 1999, in Newport Beach, California. The conference was the largest ever on EAP, and it marked an important milestone, turning the spotlight onto these emerging materials and their potential. Following this success, an MRS conference was initiated to address the fundamental issues related to the material science of EAP. The WW-EAP newsletter was initiated to bring the worldwide EAP community even closer. A homepage was also created to link worldwide EAP research and development facilities websites. In this paper, the current capabilities and potentials as well as the challenges of state-of-the art EAP will be reviewed.
Constant modulus 4D optimized constellation alternative for DP-8QAM (2014)

We propose a constant modulus 4D format as an alternative to DP-8QAM. It has 0.4dB lower SNR at BER = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and 1 dB higher span loss budget in nonlinear regime.
Simulation of abandoned mining induced surface movements for estimating DInSAR detection limits (2004)

Underground mining activities very often cause changes to the surface. Beside the strong influences of active mining, former mining activities with still existing cavities in the underground do influence the surface as well, causing a risk for people and infrastructure. The main risk is induced by sudden falls of the surface. In contrast to surface deformations induced by active mining these deformations are difficult to predict. The risk justifies the monitoring of ground movements in historical mining areas. One technique evaluated is Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). The main difference to other applications of DInSAR is, that location, subsidence rate and spatial extent can just roughly be estimated using related historic information about former mining activities. In addition, the expected character of the subsidence complicates the separation between deformation signal and atmospherical artifacts. In order to get a first idea about the limits of the technique, circular shaped deformation models with different extents and maximum vertical displacements have been modeled and integrated into the DInSAR processing chain. The final results have been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in order to get an idea about the detection limits of DInSAR using ERS-1/2 data. The qualitative assessment shows that subsidence cones of circular shape with radii below 400 m cannot be reliably identified in a single interferogram in the investigated case. In the quantitative assessment the highest relative RMS errors between model and result were found for subsidence cones with small radii and small maximum vertical displacements. Furthermore it could be shown that the use of multiple interferograms by applying stacking techniques leads to a better detection limit of the DInSAR method.