gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction: In Search of a New Religious Ideal (2016)

Abstract This introductory chapter presents the major problem addressed in the book, states the thesis, and provides the context for the book, as well as its structure. Evoking W. E. B. Du Bois’s early twentieth-century sentiment that African Americans seek a new religious ideal emerging from past convictions, this chapter contemplates several questions: What might constitute a new African American religious ideal in the twenty-first century? How might one see it emerging from past convictions? Is it possible to grasp a fuller sense of the rich, layered texture of African American religiosity with this new principle? In addressing these questions, this chapter introduces a naturalistic framework for grasping the evolving nature of African American religiosity today. It also introduces the concept of sacred humanity that will be developed in later chapters, supported by available knowledge from science studies, critical theories in philosophy of religion, and the tenets of religious naturalism.
An enhanced RF television scrambling system using phase modulation (1988)

A novel system for scrambling and descrambling RF television signals for CATV service security is presented. The system has been designed to be low cost, easily manufactured, reliable, and more secure than conventional RF technology. The system uses RF carrier phase modulation to enhance the economy of the RF sync suppression techniques with some of the video and audio signal security attributes of baseband systems. Surface-acoustic-wave filters are used to implement the modulation. The encoding system provides a means of reliable, noise-insensitive addressable data communication to subscribers' descramblers without the use of a separate data channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tuning Mechanical Properties of Block Copolymer/Aluminosilicate Hybrid Materials (2007)

Abstract In this work the primary mechanical property profiles of a specific class of nano‐structured polymer/inorganic hybrid materials are characterized. By utilizing sol‐gel aluminosilicate synthesis with amphiphilic polyisoprene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers as structure‐directing agents, block copolymer/aluminosilicate hybrid materials are prepared with nanometer scale hexagonally packed cylinders and lamellae of the inorganic hybrid components, as evidenced by small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Systematic thermal and dynamic mechanical analyses are performed on these hybrids as well as on the constituting components. Results reveal two transitions from the low temperature, glassy state of the hybrids into high temperature elastic plateau regions, with moduli that vary over orders of magnitude as a function of composition and morphology. The first transition can be assigned to the glass transition of the PI domains while the second is ascribed to a temperature induced softening of the organic components within the PEO/hybrid domains. The results suggest that in the present nanostructured block copolymer/aluminosilicate hybrid materials composition and morphology provide a powerful tool to tailor mechanical property profiles. magnified image
Ultimate properties of epoxy resins modified with a polysiloxane–polycaprolactone block copolymer (1994)

Abstract Mechanical and fracture mechanics properties of transparent multiphase epoxy resins toughened with various amounts of compatibilized silicone liquid rubbers consisting of polycaprolactone‐ block ‐poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐ block ‐polycaprolactone triblock copolymer have been investigated. At silicone liquid rubber contents < 10 wt % significantly improved toughness has been achieved without adversely affecting thermal and mechanical properties. Fractographic and interferometric methods have been applied to study crack propagation in such silicone‐modified resins. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transformerless Stacked Active Bridge Converters: Analysis, Properties, and Synthesis (2020)

This article presents analysis, properties, and systematic synthesis of a new class of hybrid dc-dc converters named transformerless stacked active bridge (TSAB) converters. The TSAB converters, which are obtained from switched-capacitor (SC) converters by insertion of small ac inductors, inherit advantages of parent SC converters together with conversion and control characteristics similar to transformer-isolated dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters. Features of TSAB converters include soft charging and discharging of capacitors, zero voltage switching, low peak and rms current stresses, low energy storage requirement of magnetic components, and regulation capabilities using simple phase-shift control. Based on a network-theoretic approach, an algebraic representation of TSAB converters yields general results for dc characteristics and component stresses. Furthermore, a systematic synthesis approach is formulated allowing construction of TSAB converter topologies starting from various two-phase SC converters. Synthesis results are presented for TSAB converters with two inductors obtained from well-known SC parent topologies, including Dickson, ladder, stacked-ladder, doubler, and Fibonacci. Experimental results are summarized for 48-to-12 V doubler, 48-to-12 V Dickson, and 36-to-12 V ladder TSAB prototypes. It is shown how the TSAB prototypes use small ac inductors (tens to hundreds of nanohenries) while operating at relatively low switching frequencies (150-200 kHz) and have measured efficiency above 98% over wide load range.
Sensitivity of human glioma and brain cells to natural killer cell lysis (1992)

Using an in vitro monolayer natural killer (NK) cytolysis assay, the authors examined the effects of serum concentration and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on sensitivity to NK cytolysis. It was found that target cells cultured in high concentrations of serum (10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)) had higher cytotoxicity levels than those in low serum concentrations (0% to 0.5% FBS). Exposure of target cells to EGF had no effect on their sensitivity to NK cytolysis. Both glioma cell lines showed decreased NK cell sensitivity with longer times in culture. The results of cytofluorometric studies on these cell lines indicate that the differences in NK cell sensitivity may reflect the growth fraction of the target population and that a population with a higher proportion of cycling cells is more susceptible to lysis by NK cells. Whether it is possible to separate the proliferative rate of these cells from their NK cell sensitivity is unknown, but worthy of consideration.
Enhancing Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine or 2-Mercaptoethanol on the in Vitro Permeation of 5-Fluorouracil or Tolnaftate through the Human Nail Plate. (1998)

The enhancing effects of various vehicles on the in vitro permeation of a hydrophilic model drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), or a lipophilic model drug, tolnaftate (TN), through human nail plates were investigated using a modified side-by-side diffusion cell. Tip pieces from the 5th finger-nail, clipped from healthy volunteers, were used in this permeation study. The swelling and softening properties of the nail pieces were also measured in each vehicle. The weights and stresses of the nail pieces were dramatically changed after immersion in aqueous solvents containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (AC) or 2-mercaptoethanol (ME). However, no significant change in the physicochemical properties of the nail pieces was found in the lipophilic vehicles. Thus, the water content in the nail plates absorbed from vehicles may relate to their physicochemical properties. Although keratin-softening agents and new skin permeation enhancers did not significantly promote 5-FU permeation compared with water alone, the flux from solvent systems containing AC or ME was substantially higher. In addition, TN permeation from solvents containing AC or ME could be measured, whereas that from other solvents was undetectable. When the AC concentration was increased, the 5-FU permeation and the nail weight increased and the stress of each nail piece decreased. It is concluded from these experimental results that AC and ME may be useful as enhancers for increasing drug permeation through the human nail plate.
One of Two Human Lactoferrin Variants Exhibits Increased Antibacterial and Transcriptional Activation Activities and Is Associated with Localized Juvenile Periodontitis (2003)

The iron-binding protein lactoferrin is a ubiquitous and abundant constituent of human exocrine secretions. Lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth by sequestering essential iron and also exhibits non-iron-dependent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities. All of these non-iron-dependent activities are mediated by the highly charged N terminus of lactoferrin. In this study we characterized a Lys/Arg polymorphism at position 29 in the N-terminal region of human lactoferrin that results from a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 1 of the human lactoferrin gene. We expressed cDNAs encoding both lactoferrin variants in insect cells and purified the two proteins by ion exchange chromatography. The two lactoferrin variants exhibited nearly identical iron-binding and iron-releasing activities and equivalent bactericidal activities against a strain of the gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. When tested against the gram-positive species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis, however, lactoferrin containing Lys at position 29 exhibited significantly greater bactericidal activity than did lactoferrin containing Arg. In addition, the Lys-containing lactoferrin stimulated bovine tracheal epithelial cells to synthesize much higher levels of tracheal antimicrobial peptide mRNA than did the Arg-containing variant. A genotyping assay that distinguished between the two alleles based on a polymorphic EarI restriction site showed that the Lys and Arg alleles had frequencies of 24% and 76%, respectively, among 17 healthy human subjects, and 72% and 28%, respectively, among nine patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. Our findings suggest that these two lactoferrin variants are functionally different and that these differences may contribute to the pathogenesis of localized juvenile periodontitis.
Nuclear Medicine Therapy (2007)

Principles of Therapy with Unsealed Sources, Therapeutic Radioisotopes, Quality Controls of Radiopharmaceuticals for Therapy, Radionuclide Joint Therapy, Therapy of Thyroid Cancer, Palliation of Bone Pain from Osteoblastic Metastases, RaCI Therapy for Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis, Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors, Radioimmunotherapy of Lymphomas, Polycythemia Vera and Therapy with Phosphorus-32, I-131 Therapy of Benign Thyroid Desease.
<title>Database verification using an imaging sensor</title> (2002)

In aviation, synthetic vision systems produce artificial views of the world to support navigation and situational awareness in poor visibility conditions. Synthetic images of local terrain are rendered from a database and registered through the aircraft navigation system. Because the database reflects, at best, a nominal state of the environment, it needs to be verified to ensure its consistency with reality. This paper presents a technique for real-time verification of databases using a single imaging device, of any type. It is differential and as such, requires motion of the sensor. The geometric information of the database is used to predict how the sensor image should change. If the measured change is different from the predicted change, the database geometry is assumed to be incorrect. Geometric anomalies are localized and their severity is estimated in absolute terms using a minimization process. The technique is tested against real flight data acquired by an helicopter to verify a database consisting of a digital elevation map. Results show that geometric anomalies can be detected and that their location and importance can be evaluated.
FDTD analysis of CPW-fed folded-slot and multiple-slot antennas on thin substrates (1996)

Folded slot antennas are attractive for active arrays due to relatively large bandwidth, fabrication simplicity, and ease of integration with devices. Currently, there is little design information for these antennas, especially on thin substrates. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the analysis of CPW-fed folded-slot antennas. The paper describes the problems encountered in the analysis, compares the theoretical results and measured data, and provides some design information for folded slots. In addition, it explores the manipulation of input impedance through the use of additional slots, yielding antennas with a broadband 50 /spl Omega/ input impedance.
FKBPL Regulates Estrogen Receptor Signaling and Determines Response to Endocrine Therapy (2010)

The HSP90 chaperone and immunophilin FKBPL is an estrogen-responsive gene that interacts with estogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and regulates its levels. In this study, we explored the effects of FKBPL on breast cancer proliferation. Breast cancer cells stably overexpressing FKBPL became dependent on estrogen for their growth and were dramatically more sensitive to the antiestrogens tamoxifen and fulvestrant, whereas FKBPL knockdown reverses this phenotype. FKBPL knockdown also decreased the levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1 and increased ERalpha phosphorylation on Ser(118) in response to 17beta-estradiol and tamoxifen. In support of the likelihood that these effects explained FKBPL-mediated cell growth inhibition and sensitivity to endocrine therapies, FKBPL expression was correlated with increased overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. Our findings suggest that FKBPL may have prognostic value based on its impact on tumor proliferative capacity and sensitivity to endocrine therapies, which improve outcome.
Inducible overexpression of cyclin D1 in breast cancer cells reverses the growth-inhibitory effects of antiestrogens. (1997)

The development of endocrine resistance in previously sensitive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers is a major limitation in the treatment of breast cancer. Because antiestrogens have a cell cycle-specific action on breast cancer cells and influence the expression and activity of several cell cycle-regulatory molecules, the development of aberrant cell cycle control mechanisms is a potential mechanism by which cells might develop resistance to antiestrogens. We postulated that overexpression of cyclin D1, which is a common feature of breast cancer, may confer antiestrogen resistance. We addressed this question in vitro by testing the ability of ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression to overcome the growth-inhibitory effects of tamoxifen and the pure steroidal antiestrogens, ICI 164384 and ICI 182780, in T-47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In cells stably transfected with a human cyclin D1 cDNA under the control of a metal-inducible metallothionein promoter, cyclin D1 expression was increased 2-4-fold following treatment with zinc. Despite the continued presence of antiestrogen, cyclin D1 induction resulted in the formation of active cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes, concurrent hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, and entry into S phase of cells previously arrested in G1. Elevated cyclin D1 protein levels were first detected 3 h after treatment with zinc, and the proportion of cells in S phase began to increase 6 h later. The S-phase fraction increased 2-3-fold from 13 to 17% in cells treated with antiestrogen alone, to a peak of 33-38% 15 h after zinc treatment. Both the cyclin D1 protein level and the proportion of cells in S phase increased with increasing concentrations of zinc. We conclude that the ectopic overexpression of cyclin D1 reverses the growth-inhibitory effect of antiestrogens in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, providing a potential mechanism for clinical antiestrogen resistance.
A nondestructive method based on gamma spectrometry for the measurements of plutonium hold-up or plutonium wastes (1987)

With respect to in-plant holdup and wastes, plutonium quantities are measured in most cases by nondestructive methods such as neutron counting, gamma-photon counting, and infrared detection. These methods are often imperfect for various reasons: difficult access to sample, highly radioactive background, screens, etc. It is therefore of interest to develop other methods in order to check the results from these techniques or improve them. The quick method described is used for measuring the quantities of plutonium kept in various types of containers such as gloveboxes, cans, etc. It is applicable to the evaluation of sample masses ranging from a few tens of milligrams to several tens of grams. It is based on the gamma-ray spectrometry technique with germanium detectors. Gamma rays emitted by plutonium isotopes in the 100- to 500-keV energy range permit us, after a quick isotope composition determination, to obtain the plutonium total mass corrected for absorption and self-absorption by extrapolation to infinite energy of the apparent masses calculated for the energies of the selected peaks. This method has been used for several months in different fields such as the accountancy of the plutonium holdup in fuel fabrication plants; the reprocessing and the storage of radioactive wastes; andmore » the supervision of the dismantlement.« less
Automated Precise Liquid Dispensing System for Protein Crystallization (2007)

Recently, high throughput protein crystallization requires that the volumes of sample solution in crystallization experiments should be reduced to increase the screening chance with a given amount of sample. This leads to the developments of automated liquid handling instruments that can transfer submicroliter volumes of fluid. In this paper, an automated solenoid based liquid handling system was developed, which could dispense submicroliter reagent without touching off. Also, the non-contact liquid dispensing process was investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, which makes us understand the droplet breakup process more detailedly and makes dispensing droplet fall off successfully without attaching to the nozzle. The system is composed of assembled syringes, pneumatic devices, stepper motor, solenoid valve and other miscellaneous devices. The noncontact reagent dispensing is accomplished by rapidly opening and closing the solenoid valve while applying fluid pressure to it and the volume modulation is possible by altering the opening time of the valve and the flow rate. Experiments were carried out with different dispensing volumes, coefficient of variance (CV) has been shown to be below 3% at 1 mul and approach 8% at 50 nl.
Interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with fibronectin (1983)

An interaction between fibronectin and viral envelope glycoprotein micelles isolated from influenza A, parainfluenza 1, and mumps viruses was found by enzyme immunoassay. All three different glycoprotein micelles bound efficiently to solid-phase fibronectin. When fibronectin was permitted to bind to solid-phase viral glycoproteins, dose-dependent binding was observed. Soluble glycoprotein micelles inhibited the binding of fibronectin to immobilized glycoprotein preparations. The binding was not observed when fibronectin was pretreated with neuraminidase, suggesting that the sugar moieties of fibronectin are responsible for the affinity. This affinity may play a role in virus-cell interactions or in the opsonization of certain viruses during infection.
Blind channel estimation via subspace approximation (2004)

Subspace channel estimation technique has been well studied. It relies on subspace decomposition on the data covariance matrix to identify either signal subspace or noise subspace. However, the subspace decomposition process is computationally expensive. This paper applies a novel subspace approximation (SA) idea to bypass this process for channel estimation. It is based on a recently proposed "power of R" (POR) multiuser detection technique that raises power of estimated data covariance matrix to a positive integer to approximate rather than estimate the noise subspace component. Thus complexity is significantly reduced while satisfactory performance is still maintained. Channel estimation performance is studied in detail and compared with that of the well-known subspace method in the literature.
Analysis of subsurface scattering under generic illumination (2008)

We present a new method of analyzing subsurface scattering occurring in a translucent object from a single image taken under generic illumination. In our method, diffuse subsurface reflectance in the subsurface scattering model can be linearly solved by quantizing the distances between each pair of surface points. Then, the dipole approximation is fit to the diffuse subsurface reflectance. By applying our method to real images, we confirm that the parameters of subsurface scattering can be computed for different materials.
Improving the efficiency of dynamic malware analysis (2010)

Each day, security companies see themselves confronted with thousands of new malware programs. To cope with these large quantities, researchers and practitioners alike have developed dynamic malware analysis systems. These systems automatically execute a program in a controlled environment and produce a report describing the program's behavior. During the last three years, the number of malware programs appearing each day has increased by a factor of ten, and this number is expected to continue to grow. To keep pace with these developments without causing even more hardware costs for operating dynamic analysis systems, we have developed a technique that drastically reduces the overall analysis time. Our solution is based on the insight that the huge number of new malicious files is due to mutations of only a few malware programs. To save analysis time, we suggest a technique that avoids performing a full analysis of the same polymorphic file multiple times. In an experiment conducted on a set of 10,922 randomly chosen executable files, our prototype implementation was able to avoid a full dynamic analysis in 25.25 percent of the cases.
Enantioselective Aziridination and Amination Using <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonyl Azide in the Presence of Ru(salen)(CO) Complex (2003)

Abstract (R,R)-Ru(salen)(CO) complex (1) was found to catalyze enantioselective aziridination of conjugated terminal olefins and allylic C–H amination of conjugated olefins bearing geminal- and/or trans-substituent(s) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl azide.
Expression of the human gene coding for the <i>α</i>-chain of C4b-binding protein, <i>C4BPA</i>, is controlled by an HNF1-dependent hepatic-specific promoter (1995)

C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is an abundant oligomeric plasma glycoprotein which controls the activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. In humans, the majority form of C4BP is composed of seven alpha-chains and one beta-chain, covalently linked by their C-termini. C4BP is mainly expressed in the liver. We have previously cloned and characterized the structure of the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains, C4BPA and C4BPB, respectively. Here we addressed the characterization of the mechanisms controlling the hepatic restricted expression of the C4BPA gene. We found that the C4BPA promoter is contained within the first 369 bp upstream of the transcription start site. The activity of this promoter is restricted to hepatic cells in transfection experiments. The hepatic transcription factor HNF1 interacts with a region of this promoter at -38 bp. This region is absolutely required for the activity of this promoter, suggesting that HNF1 is essential for the hepatic activity of the C4BPA promoter. We speculate that this extreme requirement of HNF1 for the activity of the human C4BPA promoter is related to the fact that this promoter lacks a TATA box.