gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying disease candidate genes via large-scale gene network analysis (2014)

Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) provide systematic views of complex living systems, offering reliable and large-scale GRNs to identify disease candidate genes. A reverse engineering technique, Bayesian Model Averaging-based Networks (BMAnet), which ensembles all appropriate linear models to tackle uncertainty in model selection that integrates heterogeneous biological data sets is introduced. Using network evaluation metrics, we compare the networks that are thus identified. The metric 'Random walk with restart (Rwr)' is utilised to search for disease genes. In a simulation our method shows better performance than elastic-net and Gaussian graphical models, but topological quantities vary among the three methods. Using real-data, brain tumour gene expression samples consisting of non-tumour, grade III and grade IV are analysed to estimate networks with a total of 4422 genes. Based on these networks, 169 brain tumour-related candidate genes were identified and some were found to relate to 'wound', 'apoptosis', and 'cell death' processes.
Quantitative vascularity of breast masses by Doppler imaging: regional variations and diagnostic implications. (2000)

Seventy-four biopsy proven breast masses were imaged by color and power Doppler imaging to evaluate vascular pattern of malignant and benign breast masses. The images were analyzed for vascularity. The measurements were made over the entire mass as well as regionally at its core, at its periphery, and in the tissue surrounding it. The surgical specimens were analyzed for microvessel density. The diagnostic performance of Doppler sonographic vascularity indices was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The malignant masses were 14 to 54% more vascular than the benign masses. Both types of masses were more vascular by ultrasonography than the tissue surrounding them. Whereas benign masses were 2.2 times more vascular than the surrounding tissue, the malignant masses were 5.0 times more vascular. In a subset of patients the regional vascularity at the core, periphery, and surrounding tissue by Doppler imaging exhibited a strong correlation (R2 > 0.9) with the corresponding histologic microvessel density measurements. Although the malignant masses exhibited a strong gradient in vascularity, core > periphery > surrounding tissue, the benign masses had relatively uniform distribution of vascularity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(Z)) for the Doppler indices ranged from 0.56 +/- 0.07 to 0.65 +/- 0.07. A nonlinear analysis including age-specific values of Doppler indices improved the diagnostic performance to A(Z) = 0.85 +/- 0.06. In conclusion, quantitative Doppler imaging when used in combination with a nonlinear rule-based approach has the potential for differentiating between malignant and benign masses.
Erratum: Ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of highly (110)-oriented Pb(Zr0.40Ti0.60)O3 thin films grown on Pt∕LaNiO3∕SiO2∕Si substrates [Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 232908 (2007)] (2007)

InFerroelectric and pyroelectric properties of highly ( 110)-oriented Pb ( Zr 0.40 Ti 0.60 ) O 3 thin films grown on Pt ⁄ La Ni O 3 ⁄ Si O 2 ⁄ Si substrates
Morphological Filtering in Shape Spaces: Applications using Tree-Based Image Representations (2012)

Connected operators are filtering tools that act by merging elementary regions of an image. A popular strategy is based on tree-based image representations: for example, one can compute an attribute on each node of the tree and keep only the nodes for which the attribute is sufficiently strong. This operation can be seen as a thresholding of the tree, seen as a graph whose nodes are weighted by the attribute. Rather than being satisfied with a mere thresholding, we propose to expand on this idea, and to apply connected filters on this latest graph. Consequently, the filtering is done not in the space of the image, but on the space of shapes build from the image. Such a processing is a generalization of the existing tree-based connected operators. Indeed, the framework includes classical existing connected operators by attributes. It also allows us to propose a class of novel connected operators from the leveling family, based on shape attributes. Finally, we also propose a novel class of self-dual connected operators that we call morphological shapings.
Towards A Low Power File System (1994)

Without power management, disks on portable computers consume 20-30% of the system's power. Previous papers showed that spinning down a 1 watt drive after 3-5 minutes of inactivity reduces the average power consumption to 0.5 watts with a slight performance penalty. We explored the addition of an infinite non-prefetch cache to filter disk traffic and showed it to be ineffective at reducing disk power consumption or improving performance. Modifying the cache to perform whole-file prefetching gave the next step of improvement by reducing the disk power consumption to 0.1 watts while retaining current performance levels. The traditional file system performance model focuses on cache hit rate as the performance determinant. This paper introduces a new performance model for systems that spindown disks and shows that performance is no longer a function of hit rates, but rather of read-interrequest times and disk spindown delays. Drive durability is an issue for low power file systems because of the friction induced wear during disk spinup. Periodic writes, which result in periodic disk spinups, will very likely lead to premature drive failure. We show that approximately 1 MB of flash memory used as a write buffer eliminates the need to spinup the disk for writes
The European dimension for the mouse genome mutagenesis program (2004)

The European Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium is the European initiative contributing to the international effort on functional annotation of the mouse genome. Its objectives are to establish and integrate mutagenesis platforms, gene expression resources, phenotyping units, storage and distribution centers and bioinformatics resources. The combined efforts will accelerate our understanding of gene function and of human health and disease.
Terahertz quasi time domain spectroscopy (2009)

It is shown theoretically and experimentally that for the specific case of an equidistant frequency spacing of semiconductor laser modes, signals similar to terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (TDS) can be detected in a standard photomixer setup. This quasi TDS system approach enables for both, time and frequency domain data processing. Measurements with a THz system which is based on a low cost multimode laser diode are presented. The system exhibits a bandwidth of 600 GHz and can be applied to the classical THz TDS application scenarios.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer (2018)

Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and metallicnanoparticles. However, nonbiodegradable nanoparticles causes high tissue accumulation andleads to toxicity. MDR is considered a major impediment to cancer treatment due to metastatictumors that develop resistance to chemotherapy. MDR contributes to the failure of chemotherapiesin various cancers, including breast, ovarian, lung, gastrointestinal and hematological malignancies.Moreover, the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs or nanoparticles (NPs) used alone is lessthan that of the combination of NPs and anticancer drugs. Combination therapy has long beenadopted as the standard first-line treatment of several malignancies to improve the clinical outcome.Combination therapy with anticancer drugs has been shown to generally induce synergistic drugactions and deter the onset of drug resistance. Therefore, this review is designed to report andanalyze the recent progress made to address combination therapy using NPs and anticancer drugs.We first provide a comprehensive overview of the angiogenesis and of the different types of NPscurrently used in treatments of cancer; those emphasized in this review are liposomes, polymericNPs, polymeric micelles (PMs), dendrimers, carbon NPs, nanodiamond (ND), fullerenes, carbonnanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), GO nanocomposites and metallic NPs used forcombination therapy with various anticancer agents. Nanotechnology has provided the convenienttools for combination therapy. However, for clinical translation, we need continued improvementsin the field of nanotechnology.
An unified framework for shot boundary detection via active learning (2003)

Video shot boundary detection is an important step in many video processing applications. We observe that video shot boundary is a multi-resolution edge phenomenon in the feature space. In this paper, we expanded our previous temporal multi-resolution analysis (TMRA) work by introducing the new feature vector based on motion. Further we employ the support vector machine (SVM) to refine the classification of shot boundaries. The resulting framework has been tested on the MPEG 7 video data set, and has been shown to have good accuracy for both the detection of abrupt and gradual transitions as well as their boundaries. It also has good noise tolerance characteristics.
India - Mutisectoral nutrition action in Bihar (2014)

India, currently, has one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world. One-third of its children are born with low birth-weight, 43 percent of children under five are underweight, 48 percent are stunted and 20 percent are wasted. Stunting rates in India are two to seven folds higher than those of other BRICS countries. Micronutrient deficiencies are extremely high with almost 75 percent of the under threes being anemic, 62 percent deficient in vitamin A and over 13 million infants remaining unprotected from iodine deficiency disorders. There are large differentials in the prevalence across states and socio economic groups. Sixty percent of the malnutrition burden exists in low income states: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Government's policy commitment to address malnutrition and the multitude of programs that are being implemented, progress in reducing under nutrition has been slow. It therefore becomes imperative to address the malnutrition challenge and to prevent and reduce maternal and child malnutrition as early as possible across the life cycle especially through pregnancy and in the first two years of life, i.e., in the first 1,000 days of life, and in adolescent girls and women. In order to accelerate improvements across the states, the Government of India (GOI) has made policy commitments to mobilize multisectoral action to address the multiple causes of malnutrition effectively through formulating a multisectoral strategy and a multisectoral program to be implemented in 200 high malnutrition burden districts of the country. The multisectoral strategy also aims to bring a strong nutrition focus in various sectoral plans to address maternal and child malnutrition.
Learning from sequential data for anomaly detection (2014)

Anomaly detection has been used in a wide range of real world problems and has received significant attention in a number of research fields over the last decades. Anomaly detection attempts to identify events, activities, or observations which are measurably different than an expected behavior or pattern present in a dataset. This thesis focuses on a specific set of techniques targeting the detection of anomalous behavior in a discrete, symbolic, and sequential dataset. Since profiling complex sequential data is still an open problem in anomaly detection, and given that the rate of production of sequential data in fields ranging from finance to homeland security is exploding, there is a pressing need to develop effective detection algorithms that can handle patterns in sequential information flows.
Drugs Five Years Later: Desmopressin (1985)

Desmopressin (dDAVP), a synthetic analog of the neurohypophyseal nonapeptide arginine vasopressin, has enhanced antidiuretic potency, markedly diminished pressor activity, and a prolonged half-life and duration of action compared to the natural hormone. Desmopressin is the treatment of choice for central diabetes insipidus and can be administered either intranasally or parenterally. A newly approved indication is treatment of mild classical hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease, in which deficient concentrations of factor VIII and von Willebrand's factor are transiently increased to levels that allow minor surgery.
Tensorizing Neural Networks (2015)

Deep neural networks currently demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in\nseveral domains. At the same time, models of this class are very demanding in\nterms of computational resources. In particular, a large amount of memory is\nrequired by commonly used fully-connected layers, making it hard to use the\nmodels on low-end devices and stopping the further increase of the model size.\nIn this paper we convert the dense weight matrices of the fully-connected\nlayers to the Tensor Train format such that the number of parameters is reduced\nby a huge factor and at the same time the expressive power of the layer is\npreserved. In particular, for the Very Deep VGG networks we report the\ncompression factor of the dense weight matrix of a fully-connected layer up to\n200000 times leading to the compression factor of the whole network up to 7\ntimes.\n
Nucleoside Polyphosphates. II.<sup>1</sup> A Synthesis of Uridine-5'-di- and and -Triphosphate<sup>2a</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside Polyphosphates. II.1 A Synthesis of Uridine-5'-di- and and -Triphosphate2aRoss H. Hall and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5056–5060Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01649a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Event driven timeline displays: beyond message lists in human-intelligent system interaction (2002)

One aspect of human-intelligent system cooperation is the set of mechanisms that help the human track the intelligent system's assessment, recommendations, or actions with regard to the monitored process. The deficiencies of message lists for this purpose are outlined, and alternatives are discussed. The first step is to recognize that message lists are just one instance of temporally organized displays of information. A generic timeline display for event-driven applications such as human-intelligent system interaction in fault management is presented. In this domain, the cognitive task is to track and understand the sequence of events following a fault. This includes automatic and manual activities to ensure safety and intelligent system situation assessments, diagnoses, and recommended corrective actions in relation to the events in the monitored process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topic modeling with network regularization (2008)

In this paper, we formally define the problem of topic modeling with network structure (TMN). We propose a novel solution to this problem, which regularizes a statistical topic model with a harmonic regularizer based on a graph structure in the data. The proposed method bridges topic modeling and social network analysis, which leverages the power of both statistical topic models and discrete regularization. The output of this model well summarizes topics in text, maps a topic on the network, and discovers topical communities. With concrete selection of a topic model and a graph-based regularizer, our model can be applied to text mining problems such as author-topic analysis, community discovery, and spatial text mining. Empirical experiments on two different genres of data show that our approach is effective, which improves text-oriented methods as well as network-oriented methods. The proposed model is general; it can be applied to any text collections with a mixture of topics and an associated network structure.
Design of frequency-to-voltage converter using successive-approximation technique (2004)

In this paper, the current conveyors, up-down counter, and ultra high-speed D/A converter are employed to achieve the fast frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC). Based on the successive-approximation technique, the proposed FVC has short overall response time and does not require any matched components. The transient variations of input signal frequency can be detected. The output voltage is inversely proportional to the input signal frequency. The input signal frequency range from 50 Hz to 2 MHz is tested. The output ripple voltage is verified so little that no low-pass filter is needed. The experimental results demonstrate the static and dynamic characteristics of proposed FVC.
Dextromethorphan O-demethylation in liver microsomes as a prototype reaction to monitor cytochrome P-450 db1 activity (1989)

Liver dextromethorphan O-demethylation to dextrorphan is associated with the debrisoquin type of oxidation phenotype in humans. We studied dextromethorphan oxidation in vitro using human liver microsomes to investigate the kinetics of the polymorphic monooxygenase (cytochrome P-450 db1) and factors that may influence its activity. In microsomal preparations from six extensive metabolizers the reaction parameters were: Michaelis-Menten constant = 3.4 +/- SD 1.0 mumol/L and maximum rate of metabolism = 10.2 +/- 5.3 nmol x mg P-1 x hr-1, vs 48 mumol/L and 2.2 nmol x mg P-1 x hr-1, respectively in microsomes prepared from the liver of one poor metabolizer. The reaction was inhibited by nonspecific monooxygenase inhibitors such as SKF 525-A (Ki = 100 nmol/L) and cimetidine (Ki = 40 mumol/L), by known substrates of the polymorphic isozyme such as [+]-bufuralol (Ki = 7.5 mumol/L), debrisoquin (Ki = 25 mumol/L), and sparteine (Ki = 45 mumol/L), and by the selective cytochrome P-450 db1 inhibitor quinidine (Ki = 15 nmol/L). This assay permits in vitro screening for candidate substrates or inhibitors of the polymorphic isozyme.
Thin Film Heat Flux Sensor Development for Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Systems (2009)

The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has an on-going effort for developing high temperature thin film sensors for advanced turbine engine components. Stable, high temperature thin film ceramic thermocouples have been demonstrated in the lab, and novel methods of fabricating sensors have been developed. To fabricate thin film heat flux sensors for Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) systems, the rough and porous nature of the CMC system posed a significant challenge for patterning the fine features required. The status of the effort to develop thin film heat flux sensors specifically for use on silicon carbide (SiC) CMC systems with these new technologies is described.
Fish Oil Fatty Acids as Cardiovascular Drugs (2008)

Starting in the 1970s the hypothesis that the low mortality from coronary heart disease among the Greenland Eskimos was due to their high consumption of n-3 fish oil fatty acids, initiated many studies to find if the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils (PUFAs) could prevent cardiac atherosclerosis. To date this possibility has not achieved clinical recognition. The recent literature shows an increase of intervention studies to learn if the fish oil fatty acids can reduce mortality from sudden cardiac death, and the mechanism(s) of such a protective effect. Indeed the most definite beneficial cardiac action of these n-3 PUFAs seems now to be their ability in the short term to prevent sudden cardiac death. It is apparent that over long periods of time the n-3 fish oil fatty acids also prevent atherosclerosis. Definition of the fatty acids to which I will be referring in the text: n-6 (omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids; linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA); arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, AA). n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids; alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, ALA); eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA); docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA). The bold, underlined abbreviation will appear in the text to identify the fatty acid being discussed.
Height measurement of microchip connecting pins by use of stereovision (2003)

A stereovision method for estimating the height of connecting pins on a microchip is described. The technique uses a centroidal method to simplify the calculation. A few seconds are required for a Pentium 586 PC to calculate the heights of 300 connecting pins on a 50 mm x 50 mm microchip. The method is described, and experimental results are presented. The optical system, which consists of two CCD cameras with long-focal-length lenses and a two-channel digital image grabber, is capable of in situ measurement.