gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filtering Closed Curves (1986)

A closed curve in the plane can be described in several ways. We show that a simple representation in terms of radius of curvature versus normal direction has certain advantages. In particular, convolutional filtering of the extended circular image leads to a closed curve. Similar filtering operations applied to some other representations of the curve do not guarantee that the result corresponds to a closed curve. In one case, where a closed curve is produced, it is smaller than the original. A description of a curve can be based on a sequence of smoothed versions of the curve. This is one reason why smoothing of closed curves is of interest.
Fabrication of Microchannels in Synthetic Polycrystalline Diamond Thin Films for Heat Sinking Applications (1991)

A novel process for the formation of microchannels in polycrystalline diamond thin film on a single‐crystal silicon substrate is developed using anisotropic chemical etching of silicon and selective deposition of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond thin films were grown by high‐pressure microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition using a gas mixture of methane and hydrogen gases. Fabrication procedure, scanning electron microscopy views of surface morphology, cross‐sectional features of microchannels in polycrystalline diamond thin films, and potential applications of microchannels are reported.
Theoretical modeling and evaluation of the axial resolution of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2004)

We present axial resolution calculated using a mathematical model of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). The peak intensity and the width of the axial intensity response are computed with the residual Zernike coefficients after the aberrations are corrected using adaptive optics for eight subjects and compared with the axial resolution of a diffraction-limited eye. The AOSLO currently uses a confocal pinhole that is 80 microm, or 3.48 times the width of the Airy disk radius of the collection optics, and projects to 7.41 microm on the retina. For this pinhole, the axial resolution of a diffraction-limited system is 114 microm and the computed axial resolution varies between 120 and 146 microm for the human subjects included in this study. The results of this analysis indicate that to improve axial resolution, it is best to reduce the pinhole size. The resulting reduction in detected light may demand, however, a more sophisticated adaptive optics system. The study also shows that imaging systems with large pinholes are relatively insensitive to misalignment in the lateral positioning of the confocal pinhole. However, when small pinholes are used to maximize resolution, alignment becomes critical.
Diagnosis of ovine fascioliasis by a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: A rapid microdiagnostic technique (1985)

A microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was modified for making an immunodiagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep. Sheep were alloted as follows: group I-3 controls and 4 principals, each inoculated with 500 metacercariae; group II-3 controls and 7 principals, each inoculated with 250 metacercariae; and group III-3 controls and 7 principals, each inoculated with 500 metacercariae. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each animal every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Presence (or absence) of flukes was confirmed by fecal examinations and examination of dissected livers at necropsy of the sheep. The dot-ELISA incubations were done at ambient room temperature. Nitrocellulose disks dotted with 1 microliter (50 ng of protein) of F hepatica excretory/secretory products were placed in 96-well tissue culture plates. After nonspecific binding sites on the disks were bound with bovine serum albumin-triethanolamine-buffered saline solution, dilutions (1:2) of positive- and negative-control serum samples or experimental serum samples were placed in appropriate wells for a 30-minute incubation. Wells were washed (3 times), and 50 microliters of horseradish peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-sheep immunoglobulin G was added to each well for a 30-minute incubation and then aspirated. Substrate solution (4-chloro-1-naphthol, methanol, triethanolamine-buffered saline solution, and H2O2; 50 microliters) was added for a 30-minute incubation and then aspirated. Disks were air dried for visualization: solid purple dot = positive sample, or no dot = negative sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Power estimation of behavioral descriptions (1998)

This paper presents a methodology for power estimation of designs described at the behavioral-level as the interconnection of functional modules. The input/output behavior of each module is implicitly stored using BDDs, and the power consumed by the network is estimated using a novel and accurate entropy-based approach. As a demonstration example, we have used the proposed power estimation technique to evaluate and compare the effects of some architectural transformations applied to a reference design specification on the power dissipation of the corresponding implementations.
Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the rfb region from Shigella flexneri type 6 in Escherichia coli K-12 (1991)

The xylanase gene of Streptomyces flavogriseus was cloned in pUC8 plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli lysogenic for λcI857. λ-Induced lysis of E. coli at 42°C allowed efficient release of cloned enzyme activity in extracellular environment. The xylanase gene was located in the 0.8-kb HindIII fragment and coded for 18 000 Mr xylanase.
Electroblotting of polypeptides onto glass fiber filters for direct sequence analysis after sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1990)

The technique of electroblotting polypeptides onto Polybrene-treated glass fiber filter discs after protein detection with potassium chloride is evaluated further with different proteins in separate applications. The number of proteins analyzed with this method is now more than double that previously reported. Reproducible results in good yield are obtained. Average overall yield--including the electrophoretic step before blotting--is 26%, with maximal recoveries through all steps up to 60%. High sensitivity radiosequence analysis is also applicable. Recent modifications of the previously described procedure include use of Whatman glass fiber filters, removal of air in the Polybrene-impregnated filters by buffer penetration under reduced pressure, and use of widely different times for electrotransfer. Special advantages with this method are low extent of protein alpha-amino group destruction, direct use of the entire filter in the sequencer, and insensitivity to variations in electroblotting time. Gas-phase hydrolysis in situ of blotted proteins followed by amino acid analysis is known to give a low yield of polar amino acids, and often artifacts, but can still give an estimate of the amount of polypeptide immobilized on the filter. A wash with n-butyl chloride is now shown to reduce the Polybrene-associated artifacts, and an addition of sodium chloride to increase the recovery of polar amino acids. These two steps therefore appear interesting in schemes for compositional analyses of electroblotted proteins.
High efficiency deep-blue and white phosphorescent OLEDs (2009)

We report studies on blue and white organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on the deep-blue electrophosphorescent dye iridium(III) bis(4',6'-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6). Using high triplet energy charge transport layers and a dual-emissive-layer structure as well as the <i>p-i-n</i> device structure, we have achieved external quantum efficiencies of 20% and maximum power efficiency of 36 lm/W in these deep-blue OLEDs. White OLEDs with a CRI of 79 and a maximum power efficiency of 40 lm/W were also demonstrated by incorporating red and green phosphorescent dopants together with FIr6.
Scatterometry for <i>in situ</i> measurement of pattern reflow in nanoimprinted polymers (2008)

We use optical scatterometry to extract the time evolution of the profile of nanoimprinted lines in low and high molecular mass polymer gratings during reflow at the glass transition temperature. The data are obtained continuously during the anneal using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and analyzed using a rigorous-coupled-wave model. We show excellent agreement of scatterometry results with ex situ measurements of line height by atomic force microscopy and specular x-ray reflectivity. The in situ scatterometry results reveal differences in the shape evolution of the grating lines indiscernible by other methods.
Pine needle abortion in cattle: a review and report of 1973-1984 research. (1989)

Research has verified field observations that cows grazing ponderosa pine needles may abort. The incidence and nature of the abortions produced experimentally simulate very closely those reported by livestock producers and veterinarians. The incidence of experimentally-produced abortions varied markedly from year to year even though the needles were collected in the same general area each year. This suggests that the abortifacient compound(s) in the needles vary from year to year, probably due to environmental and site conditions. The impact of stress (cold and nutrition) as a factor in the abortions was examined. It was concluded that the only effects would be on the willingness of cows to eat the needles. The pine needle abortion problem, what is known of the etiology, and mechanisms of the abortion are reviewed. The usefulness of bioassay systems to study pine needle abortions is discussed.
Haemin uptake and use as an iron source by Candida albicans: role of CaHMX1-encoded haem oxygenase (2003)

Candida albicans, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was able to use extracellular haemin as an iron source. Haemin uptake kinetics by C. albicans cells showed two phases: a rapid phase of haemin binding (with a K(d) of about 0.2 microM) followed by a slower uptake phase. Both phases were strongly induced in iron-deficient cells compared to iron-rich cells. Haemin uptake did not depend on the previously characterized reductive iron uptake system and siderophore uptake system. CaHMX1, encoding a putative haem oxygenase, was shown to be required for iron assimilation from haemin. A double DeltaCahmx1 mutant was constructed. This mutant could not grow with haemin as the sole iron source, although haemin uptake was not affected. The three different iron uptake systems (reductive, siderophore and haemin) were regulated independently and in a complex manner. CaHMX1 expression was induced by iron deprivation, by haemin and by a shift of temperature from 30 to 37 degrees C. CaHMX1 expression was strongly deregulated in a Deltaefg1 mutant but not in a Deltatup1 mutant. C. albicans colonies forming on agar plates with haemin as the sole iron source showed a very unusual morphology. Colonies were made up of tubular structures that were organized into a complex network. The effect of haemin on filamentation was increased in the double DeltaCahmx1 mutant. This study provides the first experimental evidence that haem oxygenase is required for iron assimilation from haem by a pathogenic fungus.
Discovery of Novel and Ligand-Efficient Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax<i>N</i>-Myristoyltransferase (2012)

N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) is an attractive antiprotozoan drug target. A lead-hopping approach was utilized in the design and synthesis of novel benzo[b]thiophene-containing inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) NMT. These inhibitors are selective against Homo sapiens NMT1 (HsNMT), have excellent ligand efficiency (LE), and display antiparasitic activity in vitro. The binding mode of this series was determined by crystallography and shows a novel binding mode for the benzothiophene ring.
Use of capillary electrophoresis in the study of ligand-DNA interactions (1998)

Free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) has been used to separate two non-self-complementary 12mer oligonucleotide duplexes: d(AAATTATATTAT).d(ATAA-TATAATTT) and d(GGGCCGCGCCGC).d(GCGGCGCGGCCC). Titration of mixtures of the two oligonucleotides with model intercalators (ethidium bromide andactinomycin D) and minor groove binders (netropsin, Hoechst 33258 and distamycin) has shown the suitability of FSCE as a method to study the sequence selectivity of DNA binding agents. Binding data have shown cooperativity of binding for netropsin and Hoechst 33258 and have provided ligand:DNA binding ratios for all five compounds. Cooperativity of netropsin binding to a 12mer with two potential sites has been demonstrated for the first time. Ligands binding in the minor groove caused changes in migration time and peak shape which were significantly different from those caused by intercalators.
<title>Ultrafast holographic recording using two-photon-induced photopolymerization</title> (2000)

Previously, we have reported the first demonstration of holographic two-photon induced photopolymerization (H-TPIP) in the construction of transmission holograms. This technique relies on the coupling of a two-photon absorbing chromophore and a photocurable optical resin. Several different systems have been successfully explored; all involving varied reaction pathways. Since the initial report, we have also expanded this technique to reflection holograms and some bulk structures. While the applications for this process are widely ranging, the underlying physical mechanisms still require a great deal of investigation. In this work, we report on some of the photo-physical mechanisms involved in the H-TPIP technique. Specifically, we will report on evidence for mass-transport phenomena, and the role of localized thermal loading. We also discuss a preliminary model, which examines the coupling between the chromophore's excited state population, initiation of the polymerization reaction, and localized thermal deposition.
Cost-effective compilation techniques for Java Just-in-Time compilers (2004)

Java Just-in-Time compilers must satisfy a number of requirements in conflict with each other. Effective execution of generated code is not the only requirement: compilation time, memory consumption, and compliance with the Java Virtual Machine specification are also important. We have developed a Java Just-in-Time compiler that requires relatively little implementation labor. Another important objective is developing an adequate base of follow-up research utilizing this compiler. The proposed compilation techniques involve low compilation cost and low development cost. This paper also describes the optimization methods implemented in the compiler, for instance, instruction folding, exception handling with signals, and code patching. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(12): 10–24, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002sscj.10564
Neurophysiological long-term recordings in space: experiments Scorpi and Scorpi-T. (2005)

The International Space Station ISS offers the opportunity for physiological long-term observations in microgravity in awake animals. The 3-month period of experimentation favours heredity, development and physiological adaptation as scientific fields that can profit from those longterm exposures to microgravity. However, the most complicating problems are (i) the lack of proper animal habitats, and (ii) the available crew time. These facts dramatically decrease the types of experiments and, in particular, the animal species that can be used for long-term studies. 

From the methodological point of view, automatic working recording devices are the most suitable techniques. Experience with neurophysiological long-term recordings based on ground studies, in particular in insects (cf. Miller, 1979), favours the study of central integration of neuronal, sensory and muscular activity of the organisms and, in particular, its adaptation to the microgravity environment. The lack of proper animal habitats on ISS favours the use of animals that are adapted to a life in extreme environmental conditions with rare food supply. Only those animals can be used that are adapted to a life in extreme environmental conditions and that are able to starve for long periods of their life due to limited access to food and water. Desert animals such as beetles and scorpions are species of first choice. 

In 2001, an experiment with scorpions titled SCORPI was selected for flight on ISS mounted in the European research facility BIOLAB. Its main purpose is to analyse the adaptation of coordinating mechanisms between vegetative and sensorimotor activities to microgravity by means of neurophysiological recordings.
Geiparvarin Analogs. 4.1. Synthesis and Cytostatic Activity of Geiparvarin Analogs Bearing a Carbamate Moiety or a Furocoumarin Fragment on the Alkenyl Side Chain (1994)

As a continuation of previous studies on the synthesis and antitumor activity of geiparvarin analogues bearing a carbamate moiety in the alkyl side chain, a series of N-substituted [(E)-3-(4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-furanyl)-2- butenyl]carbamates (15a-f) were synthesized and tested with the objective to investigate the reason for the marked difference of cytostatic activity found between alkyl and phenyl derivatives. A series of compounds, characterized by different physicochemical properties, were designed in order to study this hypothesis. Moreover, to further investigate the modification of the alkenyl side chain, (E)- and (Z)-[2-(4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-furanyl)propenyl]-7H-furo[3,2- g][1]benzopyran-7-one (11a,b) were synthesized, the latter compounds being the combination of two units, namely, the 3(2H)-furanone ring system endowed with potent alkylating properties and the furocoumarin portion which binds to DNA resulting in potential DNA-targeted alkylating agents. The compounds were tested for their cytostatic activity against proliferation of murine (L1210) and human (Molt/4, CEM, or MT-4) tumor cells. The highest cytostatic activity found within both series of carbamic derivatives (15a-d,k and 15e,g-j) was associated with the highest global lipophilicity. With regard to compounds 11a,b, the cytostatic activity of (Z)-furocoumarin 11b might be related to a specific interaction with DNA (i.e., intercalation).
Increased serum potassium affects renal outcomes: a post hoc analysis of the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial (2010)

In this study, we found that treatment with the ARB losartan is associated with a high risk of increased serum potassium levels, which is in turn associated with an increased risk of renal outcomes in patients with diabetes and nephropathy. Whether additional management of high serum potassium would further increase the renal protective properties of losartan is an important clinical question.
Comprehensive Profiling and Quantification of Ginsenosides in the Root, Stem, Leaf, and Berry of Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS (2017)

The effective production and usage of ginsenosides, given their distinct pharmacological effects, are receiving increasing amounts of attention. As the ginsenosides content differs in different parts of Panax ginseng, we wanted to assess and compare the ginsenosides content in the ginseng roots, leave, stems, and berries. To extract the ginsenosides, 70% (v/v) methanol was used. The optimal ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was used to profile various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng. The datasets were then subjected to multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). A UPLC-QTOF/MS method with an in-house library was constructed to profile 58 ginsenosides. With this method, a total of 39 ginsenosides were successfully identified and quantified in the ginseng roots, leave, stem, and berries. PCA and HCA characterized the different ginsenosides compositions from the different parts. The quantitative ginsenoside contents were also characterized from each plant part. The results of this study indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS method can be an effective tool to characterize various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng.
The Internet and Clinical Trials: Background, Online Resources, Examples and Issues (2005)

Both the Internet and clinical trials were significant developments in the latter half of the twentieth century: the Internet revolutionized global communications and the randomized controlled trial provided a means to conduct an unbiased comparison of two or more treatments. Large multicenter trials are often burdened with an extensive development time and considerable expense, as well as significant challenges in obtaining, backing up and analyzing large amounts of data. Alongside the increasing complexities of the modern clinical trial has grown the power of the Internet to improve communications, centralize and secure data as well as to distribute information. As more and more clinical trials are required to coordinate multiple trial processes in real time, centers are turning to the Internet for the tools to manage the components of a clinical trial, either in whole or in part, to produce lower costs and faster results. This paper reviews the historical development of the Internet and the randomized controlled trial, describes the Internet resources available that can be used in a clinical trial, reviews some examples of online trials and describes the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet to conduct a clinical trial. We also extract the characteristics of the 5 largest clinical trials conducted using the Internet to date, which together enrolled over 26000 patients.
High frequency and high voltage mode of deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals in a broad temperature range (2000)

Abstract A new electrooptical mode was discovered in Deformed Helix Ferroelectric (DHF) liquid crystal cells. This mode appears, if the driving voltage frequency and amplitude are rather high. The electrooptical response time τ0, 1-0, 9 is practically independent on temperature in a very broad range but it strongly depends on the driving voltage frequency.
An online short-term wind power prediction considering wind speed correction and error interval evaluation (2014)

In this paper, a rolling ultra-short term wind power prediction (WPP) based on an online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) algorithm is presented. Two issues are specially considered to improve the wind power forecasting effect: wind speed sequence correction and error interval evaluation. Three independent OS-ELM based neural networks are accordingly designed: the single wind turbine generator model, the wind speed correction model and the error interval evaluation model, in which the OS-ELM's fast learning speed characteristics are well utilized. Case studies on a real off-shore wind farm in China with two years' history data prepared are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.