gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological Inspired Deep Neural Networks for Emotion Recognition (2018)

Facial expression recognition (FER) is currently one of the most active research topics due to its wide range of applications in the human-computer interaction field. An important part of the recent success of automatic FER was achieved thanks to the emergence of deep learning approaches. However, training deep networks for FER is still a very challenging task, since most of the available FER data sets are relatively small. Although transfer learning can partially alleviate the issue, the performance of deep models is still below of its full potential as deep features may contain redundant information from the pre-trained domain. Instead, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network architecture along with a well-designed loss function based on the strong prior knowledge that facial expressions are the result of the motions of some facial muscles and components. The loss function is defined to regularize the entire learning process so that the proposed neural network is able to explicitly learn expression-specific features. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in both lab-controlled and wild environments. In particular, the proposed neural network provides quite promising results, outperforming in most cases the current state-of-the-art methods.
Localization of radiolabeled cardiac myosin-specific antibody in myocardial infarcts. Comparison with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate. (1977)

The myocardial uptake of radioiodinated (Fab')2 fragments of antimyosin antibody [125I-(Fab')2] was compared with simultaneously administered 99mTc-pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) in dogs undergoing coronary occlusion for 24 (N=6) or 72 hours (N=5). Relative concentrations of both agents in normal and infarcted myocardium were related to regional blood flow as determined by distribution of 55Sr-labeled microspheres in the same animals. There was an inverse exponential relationship between 125I-(Fab')2 localization and regional blood flow in 24 hr (r=-0.64) and 72 hr (r=-0.80) occluded animals. The greatest uptake of 125I-(Fab')2 was observed in subendocardial layers of the center of the infarct where regional flow was most severely impaired (1-10% of normal flow). Maximal localization of Tc-PYP was observed in subepicardial layers in samples from the periphery of the infarct where flow was only moderately reduced (31-50% of normal). Differences in distribution of these two agents in ischemic myocardium are probably related to differences in kinetics of exit from the blood pool.
Driving Method of Sub-frame and Current-ratio for PM-OLED (2002)

Driving method of a sub-frame current mode and circuit for the PM-OLED is presen-ted.A driving circuit with four groups of current sources was designed,which can drive a 64×64 panel. There are totally 64 proportional current sources and each group represents the gray scale of 1,2,4,8.The whole frame is divided into four equal sub-frames. In each sub-frame the currents passing through one OLED is one of the proportional currents. As different current passes through the OLED in different sub-frames, it can achieve 16 gray scales from 0000 through 1111(from 0 through 15). In order to get higher gray scale, one can simply add more proportional current sources and divide the frame into more equal sub-frames. This method can also be used in the AM-OLED.
Neutron porosity devices - what do they measure? (1986)

In exploration, seismie methods are used to locate interesting formations. Well logging measurements are often relied upon to make the quantitative determination of formation petrophysical properties in these formations. One important formation property is porosity, which can be estimated using acoustic or nuclear measurements. The nuclear radiation scattering techniques used for its estimation employ gamma ravs or neutrons. Thc motivation for the use of gamma rays for the determination of formation porosity is straightforward. The electron density of the formation affects the scattering and transmission of gamma rays in a well known manner: the logarithm of the gamma ray flux at the detector depends linearly on the reciprocal of the electron density. A measurement of the gamma ray flux yields the density. To convert the density measurement of the formation into porosity, the appropriate electron density of the rock matrix must be known as well as that of the formation fluid, although this second factor is of somewhat less importance than the former. Therefore it is important to know the rock lithology in order to use the appropriate matrix density for extracting the correct porosity value from the density measurement. The application of neutron scattering to determine porosity is somewhat more complicated due to the nature of neutron interactions with matter. In porosity logging applications, the most important phenomenon is elastic scattering of the neutrons with the formation nuclei. In this process the kinetic energy of the neutron is reduced at each scattering depending on the scattering angle and, more importantly, the mass of struck particle: the closer its mass is to the neutron mass, the more efficient the collision can be in reducing the neutron energy. For this reason, hydrogen is the most efficient moderator of neutrons in earth formations. A determination of the moderating efficiency of a formation should be related to its hydrogen content. A measurement of the spatial distribution of multiply scattered low energy neutrons is sufficient to characterise the moderating efficiency of the formation. As in the case of density logging, the accurate interpretation of the neutron measurement depends on a knowledge of the lithology of the formation. However, unlike the density measurement, the nature of the fluid filling the pores is quite important. In this artiele the measurement principles of the neutron porosity device will be reviewed and related to some useful formation parameters. The interpretation of the measured parameters in terms of porosity will be discussed and shown to be dependent on the rock lithology, the pore fluid composition and the presence of shales or c1ay minerals.
Disulfide Bond Formation Promotes the cis- and trans-Dimerization of the E-cadherin-derived First Repeat (2002)

Cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule crucial for epithelial and endothelial cell monolayer integrity. The previously solved x-ray crystallographic structure of the E-CAD12 cis-dimer displayed an unpaired Cys(9), which protruded away from the Cys(9) on the other protomer. To investigate the possible biological function of Cys(9) within the first repeat (the E-cadherin-derived N-terminal repeat), E-CAD1 was overexpressed and secreted into the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli cells. Recombinant E-CAD1 produced a mixed monomer and dimer in an equilibrium fashion. The dimer was linked by a disulfide through Cys(9) pairing. Analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography and electron microscopy suggested the existence of oligomeric complexes. Mutation at Trp(2) appears to indicate that these oligomeric complexes trans-dimerize. Interestingly, mutation of Cys(9) affected not only the cis-dimerization, but also the trans-oligomerization of E-CAD1. Accordingly, it is plausible that, under oxidative stress, the homophilic interactions of E-cadherin through E-CAD1 may be promoted and stabilized by this disulfide bond.
Evaluation of Oxidative Species in Gaseous and Liquid Phase Generated by Mini-Gliding Arc Discharge (2019)

The gliding arc discharge plasma reactors are known as a source of non-equilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure. In the present study, generation of dominant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in gaseous and liquid phase in water by the compact gliding arc device (mini-GAD) and corresponding bactericidal effects were investigated. Water and phosphate buffer solutions were used as model liquids. Mini-GAD is a strong source of nitrogen oxides (up to 800 ppm NO and 200 ppm NO2) that result in high concentrations of nitrites and nitrates in water solutions. The highest bactericidal efficacy towards Escherichia coli was achieved for non-buffered water solution.
Effects of interface phonon scattering in multiheterointerface structures (1992)

In this paper, the commonly used but idealistic formulation of quantized optical-phonon modes for a heterostructure system with only two heterojunctions (i.e., single quantum-well structures) is extended to the more realistic case of multiheterointerface structures. By applying the macroscopic dielectric continuum approach, dispersion relations and interaction Hamiltonians for interface-phonon modes are derived for a double-barrier structure and scattering rates based on these results are used to determine the range of practical validity of the idealistic model using interaction Hamiltonians appropriate for single quantum wells with infinite barrier widths. It is found that when the dimensions of the structures are larger than approximately 30 Å, this simplified description can be applied to multiheterointerface structures in general with reasonable accuracy.
[Parkinsonism in chronic occupational metallic mercury intoxication]. (2003)

Parkinson syndrome occurs in the course of chemical intoxication, especially Mn, CS2, CO. It is rarely caused by chronic mercury intoxication. We present the case of 55 year old man who was exposed to metallic mercury vapor during 33 years of working in the chemical plant at the production of chlorine. On several occassions patient was removed from contact with Hg because of the symptoms of increased Hg absorption. At the age of 52 he developed hand tremor, balance and gait disturbance with bradykinesia, paresthesias of the upper extremities, neurobehavioral abnormalities, slight memory loss, and spatial disorientation. Psychoneurological examination revealed dementia, Parkinson's syndrome and ataxia of the lower limbs. Mercury excretion in the urine, which equaled 18.3 mu\g creatinine, confirmed exposure to Hg. MRI of the head revealed cortical and cerebellar atrophy. Electroneurography examination found features of subclinical peripheral sensory axonopathy of the upper limbs. Despite atypical clinical course (parkinsonismus) chronic mercury encephalopathy was diagnosed based on documented occupational exposure and diagnostic test results.
On matching altered fingerprints (2012)

Fingerprint alteration refers to changes made in a person's finger ridge structure by means of abrading, cutting, or performing plastic surgery on the fingertips. Fingerprint alteration is a serious attack on Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) since it can reduce the similarity between fingerprint impressions from the same finger due to the loss of genuine minutiae, increase in spurious minutiae and distortion in spatial distribution of the minutiae. We investigate the capability of a state-of-the-art commercial fingerprint matcher to match altered fingerprints to their pre-altered mates by removing spurious minutiae in the altered region. We also attempt to restore minutiae structure in a well-known type of fingerprint alteration, called `Z'-cut, which tears local skin patches of a finger and switches them with each other. Nonrigid skin distortion introduced during switching of local patches is modeled by thin-plate spline (TPS). Experimental results show that removing spurious minutiae in the altered region and relocating the minutiae in the restored local patches improve the matching performance and help to retrieve correct mates from a large background fingerprint database.
A Fully Integrated 7.3 kV HBM ESD-Protected Transformer-Based 4.5–6 GHz CMOS LNA (2009)

The increasing mask costs of modern scaled CMOS makes silicon area precious. Meanwhile, the lowering oxide thickness seriously toughens ESD protection of RF circuits, pushing towards area-demanding inductor-based ESD protection techniques. This paper presents a transformer-based ESD protection technique for inductor-based LNAs. With no area penalty, an ESD protection level of 4.5 kV HBM is achieved. Introducing two-stage protection increases the robustness up to 7.3 kV, maintaining excellent RF performance. Further it extends the TLP protection level from 3.2 to 5 A. A noise figure of 2.6 dB is achieved with a power gain of 14.8 dB, while consuming 6.5 mW. The technique serves as a solution for low-area highly protected LNAs in deep-submicron CMOS.
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors suppress phenobarbital-induced Cyp2b10 gene transcription in mouse primary hepatocytes (1998)

Using a primary hepatocyte culture in which the mouse Cyp2b10 gene transcription is activated by phenobarbital (PB)-type inducers, we examined the cellular signalling mechanisms associated with PB induction. Low nanomolar concentrations of protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A blocked the induction of CYP2B10 mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays indicated that OA suppressed Cyp2b10 gene transcription. Pretreatment of the cells with an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases ¿1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4- phenylpiperazine (KN-62)¿ or with a flavonoid, naringin, were completely or partly protective respectively against the OA-mediated suppression of CYP2B10 mRNA. Several other established modulators of protein kinase activities did not greatly affect the induction of CYP2B10 mRNA, nor could they prevent the suppressive effect of OA. Our results indicate that specific protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is required for the induction of Cyp2b10 gene expression, which is modulated through multiple endogenous and exogenous signals.
Profiling cytochrome P450 CYP1 enzyme expression in primary melanoma and disseminated disease utilizing spectral imaging microscopy (SIM) (2007)

8556 Background: The aim of this study was to profile cytochrome CYP1 family (CYP1A1/1A2, and CYP1B1) mono-oxygenase enzymes during the malignant progression of primary melanoma and metastatic disease. Methods: Tissue microarrays of primary (n = 75), and metastatic (n = 104) melanoma were constructed with the patient demographics: (1) primary melanoma; age 22 to 93 (median 59); sex M/F 36/44; Breslow thickness 0.4 to 15 mm (median 2.5 mm); ulceration 25/80, and (2) metastatic melanoma; age 26 to 92 (median 60 mm); sex M/F 54/49; ulceration 30/104; number of nodes 1 to 15 (median 2); extra-capsular spread 20/95. CYP1 protein was detected by IHC using validated selective poly- and monoclonal antibodies. Vector SG (grey) stain for CYP1 was used with nuclear fast red counterstain to aid spectral resolution from background melanin. Staining intensity was scored visually (negative 0, weak 1, moderate 2, strong 3) and using SIM at every pixel of a captured image of each melanoma core. Reference spectra of individual chromophores were used to spectrally ‘un-mix’ CYP1 staining before the mean normalised absorbance intensity was determined. Grading was by the 2002 AJCC classification system: primary stage I n = 27 (1A 8, 1B 19), and stage II n = 48 (2A 22, 2B 16, 2C 10), lymph node metastasis stage III n = 98 (3B 53, 3C 45), visceral metastasis stage IV n = 6. Normal skin (n = 27), benign naevi (n = 14), and dysplastic naevi (n = 21) were also included. Results: CYP1B1 was not in normal skin but was over-expressed in both primary and metastatic melanoma (visual: 71% & 65%, SIM: 91% & 83%). Primary melanoma (stage I & II) was significantly greater (p = 0.004) than metastasis (stage III & IV). CYP1B1 did not correlate with ulceration or Breslow thickness but did correlate with N stage lymph node metastasis (p = 0.005). CYP1B1 expression in dysplastic naevi indicated up-regulation at an early stage of melanoma progression. CYP1A1/1A2 was not expressed in normal skin nor primary/metastatic melanoma. Conclusions: CYP1B1 protein expression is maintained with advancing AJCC stage from primary through to visceral metastasis. Future work will seek to correlate protein expression with functionality with a view to exploiting CYP1B1 in the enzyme/prodrug therapy of malignant melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols: Generation and Characterization (2004)

In a study designed to provide an improved scientific basis for assessing possible health effects from inhaling depleted uranium (DU) aerosols, a series of DU penetrators was fired at an Abrams tank and a Bradley fighting vehicle. A robust sampling system was designed to collect aerosols in this difficult environment and continuously monitor the sampler flow rates. Aerosols collected were analyzed for uranium concentration and particle size distribution as a function of time. They were also analyzed for uranium oxide phases, particle morphology, and dissolution in vitro. The resulting data provide input useful in human health risk assessments.
Membranes from Poly(aryl ether)-Based Ionomers Containing Randomly Distributed Nanoclusters of 6 or 12 Sulfonic Acid Groups (2009)

We report on the dependence of the properties on the morphologies of sulfonated polymers 3a and 3b (ηinh = 0.65−1.18) with segments containing clusters of 6 and 12 sulfonic acid groups, respectively. The larger sulfonated clusters in polymers 3b resulted in higher proton conductivity and much better cell performance than polymers 3a. The highest power density of a fuel cell using 3a-1 (IEC = 1.16 mequiv/g) and Nafion 117 was 0.23 and 0.21 W/cm2, respectively, at the effective work potential of 0.5 V, whereas that of 3b-1 (IEC = 1.16 mequiv/g) was 0.29 W/cm2 at even higher effective work potential of 0.6 V. The morphological structure of 3a-1 and 3b-1 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compared with that of Nafion. TEM images of 3a-1 and 3b-1 revealed a phase separation similar to that of Nafion, which may explain their higher proton conductivities compared to those of randomly sulfonated copolymers.
Refraction statics (1984)

The determination of statics corrections is one of the fundamental problems in seismic data processing. Statics errors lead to loss of resolution and less than optimum interpretation of the seismic data set. The arrival times of refraction events form a data set sufficient to unravel the structure of the near-surface layers of the earth leading to accurate static corrections and enhanced interpretation. This paper introduces modeling methods using refraction arrivals and shows examples of the application to seismic data processing.
Ionic Liquids as Novel Solvent Additives to Separate Peptides (2006)

A novel analytical approach involving the addition of an ionic liquid into the mobile phase of the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) system during the optimization of chromatographic separation of peptides was demonstrated. Different behavior of peptides in the TLC sytem was observed after the addition of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate to the eluent in comparison to the system without the ionic liquid. The objective of the work was to study the effect of the addition of different contents of ionic liquid to the mobile phase comprising mostly water and to observe the behavior of peptides' retention. The potential usefulness of environmentally friendly ionic liquids for the optimization of separation of peptides was demonstrated. An increase of R(f) values was observed with increasing the ionic liquid content in the mobile phase. The benefits of the used approach were related to the separation achieved. Finally, quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) were used for the studies on the predictions of peptides' retention in the TLC systems with the addition of ionic liquid in terms of the predictions performed recently in HPLC systems.
A GaAs 1K static RAM using tungsten silicide gate self-aligned technology (1983)

This paper reports a GaAs 1K static RAM, fabricated using tungsten silicide gate self-aligned technology with full ion implantation. With 2-/spl mu/m gate length, an address access time of 3.6 ns and a minimum write-enable pulse width of 1.6 ns were achieved with a power dissipation of 68 mW. The access time compares favorably to those of currently reported high-speed Si bipolar memories, and the greatly decreased power dissipation is better by one order of magnitude. An address access time of 0.88 ns can be achieved by shortening the gate length to 1 /spl mu/m and adopting a 2-/spl mu/m design rule in the layout.
Process Simulation Development of Fast Pyrolysis of Wood Using Aspen Plus (2014)

A steady-state Aspen Plus simulation model has been developed that provides estimated mass and energy balances for an industrial fluidizing-bed fast pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. The tool can be used to assess plant performance under varying process conditions using different feedstocks. A 30 MW lower heating value (LHV) bio-oil plant was modeled utilizing two different feedstock types (pine and forest residues). The fast pyrolysis product yields are functions of feedstock ash content and were calculated on the basis of data generated by a 0.5 t/d fast pyrolysis test unit. The UNIQUAC activity coefficient method was used for the calculation of the liquid phase, and the ideal-gas fugacity coefficient method was used for the vapor-phase calculations. Modeling of the condensation of fast pyrolysis vapors was also verified against experimental data gained from the 0.5 t/d test unit. Production costs were estimated for the two concepts. The results show that the pine-based fast pyrolysis process has better process efficiency and lower production costs compared with the forest-residue-based process. The total estimated capital investment costs including plant fixed capital investment (FCI), startup, working capital, and interest over construction period were estimated to be 24 and 28 M€ for the pine- and forest-residue-based processes, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed that the bio-oil quality and bio-oil production efficiency can be improved by drying the recycle gas. Varying the production cost parameters within an industrially relevant range resulted in a production cost of bio-oil between 50 and 70 €/MWh. However, unless the wood price is lower than current market price (20 €/MWh assumed here) or excess heat may be valued higher than the fuel price, production is not currently competitive compared with fossil alternatives.
Efficient softmax approximation for GPUs (2016)

We propose an approximate strategy to efficiently train neural network based language models over very large vocabularies. Our approach, called adaptive softmax, circumvents the linear dependency on the vocabulary size by exploiting the unbalanced word distribution to form clusters that explicitly minimize the expectation of computation time. Our approach further reduces the computational time by exploiting the specificities of modern architectures and matrix-matrix vector operations, making it particularly suited for graphical processing units. Our experiments carried out on standard benchmarks, such as EuroParl and One Billion Word, show that our approach brings a large gain in efficiency over standard approximations while achieving an accuracy close to that of the full softmax. The code of our method is available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/adaptive-softmax.