gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of effects of tetrahydropalmatine enantiomers on firing activity of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. (1992)

Extracellular single unit recording techniques were used to elucidate the effects of enantiomers of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) on the firing activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC). (-)-THP rapidly reversed the apomorphine (Apo)-induced inhibition of the SNC DA cell firing activity (ED50 = 0.77, 0.52-1.14, mg.kg-1), while much larger doses of (+)-THP were required to reverse the Apo-induced inhibition (ED50 = 23, 15.2-34.7, mg.kg-1) and the maximal reversal caused by (+)-THP was 79 +/- 9% of the basal firing rate. In paralyzed rats, (-)-THP (0.5-16 mg.kg-1) significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate of SNC DA neurons dose-dependently, while (+)-THP did not until the dose reached 16 mg.kg-1. Pretreatment with (-)-THP 4 mg.kg-1 attenuated Apo-induced inhibition of SNC DA cell firing rate, while (+)-THP 32 mg.kg-1 revealed a similar potency to block the Apo-induced inhibition. In addition, (+)-THP did not potentiate the effect caused by d-amphetamine (Amp) as some behavioral experiments have shown, but large dose of (+)-THP (32 mg.kg-1) blocked the Amp-induced inhibition of SNC DA cell firing activity as (-)-THP (4 mg.kg-1) did. These results suggest that the interaction between D2 receptors and THP enantiomers has stereoselectivity and that (-)-THP is a D2 antagonist while (+)-THP seems to be not.
Determination of genetic stability in surviving apple shoots following cryopreservation by vitrification. (2008)

In vitro-grown apple shoot tips were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification, with an average survival and shoot formation of 80 percent and 76 percent respectively. Surviving shoots showed the same rate and regrowth patterns as those of non-treated controls. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in morphological characteristics, including shoot length, leaf shape, leaf width/length ratio and root length, between the control and cryopreserved shoots. No different microsatellite alleles and ISSR fragments were detected between control and cryopreserved shoots using twelve pairs of microsatellites and eleven ISSR primers. These results show that cryopreservation using vitrification is a practical method for the long-term storage of apple germplasm.
Pulsed delivery of laser energy in experimental thermal retinal photocoagulation (1990)

Retinal lesions produced with a pulsed laser beam of 1-20 kHz frequency and 10-100% duty cycle were compared with lesions produced with a continuous wave (cw) laser of the same peak power and total energy. Photocoagulation was applied to the retina of three black pigmented rabbits using krypton red laser (647.1 nm) equipped with an acousto-optical modulator to convert cw laser emission to a pulsating beam. An optical fiber fed the laser beam into an optical system delivering a collimated beam of predetermined divergence; the animal's eye focused this beam to a 50-pm spot on the retina. Peak power was kept constant at 0.2 W, and energy was kept constant at 20 mJ. After 7 months the animals were sacrificed and retinal tissue examined by light microscopy. The central section of each lesion was identified and photographed. For lesions with the same energy per pulse and the same pulse duration, the most influential factor, in the frequency range of 1-20 kHz, appeared to be the duty cycle: the smaller the duty cycle, the smaller the lesion, and vice versa. In other words, the shorter the time interval between consecutive pulses, the larger were the pulsed laser lesions.
Biological behavior of bioactive glasses and their composites (2016)

This review summarizes current developments in improving the biological behavior of bioactive glasse and their composites.
A Transient Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Spur Gear Pairs (2009)

In this study, a transient, non-Newtonian, mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model of involute spur gear tooth contacts is proposed. Unlike the contact between two cylindrical rollers, spur gear contacts experience a number of time-varying contact parameters including the normal load, radii of curvature, surface velocities, and slide-to-roll ratio. The proposed EHL model is designed to continuously follow the contact of a tooth pair from the root to the tip to capture the transient characteristics of lubricated spur gear contacts due to these parameter variations, instead of analyzing the contact at discrete positions assuming time-invariant parameters. The normal tooth force along the line of action is predicted by using a gear load distribution formulation and the contact radii and tangential surface velocities are computed from the kinematics and geometry of involute profiles. A unified numerical approach is adapted for handling asperity interaction in mixed EHL conditions. The differences between the transient and discrete EHL analyses are shown for a spur gear pair having smooth surfaces and different tooth profile modifications. The transient behavior predicted by the proposed model is found to be mainly due to the squeezing and pumping effects caused by sudden load changes. The lubrication behavior under rough conditions is also investigated at different operating conditions.
THE ROLE OF METABOLIC ACTIVATION IN DRUG-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY (2004)

The importance of reactive metabolites in the pathogenesis of drug-induced toxicity has been a focus of research interest since pioneering investigations in the 1950s revealed the link between toxic metabolites and chemical carcinogenesis. There is now a great deal of evidence that shows that reactive metabolites are formed from drugs known to cause hepatotoxicity, but how these toxic species initiate and propagate tissue damage is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the evidence for reactive metabolite formation from hepatotoxic drugs, such as acetaminophen, tamoxifen, diclofenac, and troglitazone, and the current hypotheses of how this leads to liver injury. Several hepatic proteins can be modified by reactive metabolites, but this in general equates poorly with the extent of toxicity. Much more important may be the identification of the critical proteins modified by these toxic species and how this alters their function. It is also important to note that the toxicity of reactive metabolites may be mediated by noncovalent binding mechanisms, which may also have profound effects on normal liver physiology. Technological developments in the wake of the genomic revolution now provide unprecedented power to characterize and quantify covalent modification of individual target proteins and their functional consequences; such information should dramatically improve our understanding of drug-induced hepatotoxic reactions.
Electron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c adsorbed on carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol monolayer electrodes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c adsorbed on carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol monolayer electrodesMichael J. Tarlov and Edmond F. BowdenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5, 1847–1849Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00005a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00005a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of complement activation and antibody in the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human macrophages. (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies possess immunomodulatory effects during tuberculosis infection. Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria-induced antibodies can influence events such as complement activation and phagocytosis during infectious process. In the present study role of anti-M. tuberculosis IgG (anti-M. tb IgG) antibody during interaction between M. tuberculosis and human macrophages mediated through complement has been examined in vitro. Anti-M. tb IgG antibody significantly enhanced complement activation by M. tuberculosis. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by macrophages increased significantly in the presence of complement and/or antibody. Moreover, antibody enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of complement. Addition of antibody alone or in combination with complement also augmented intracellular viability of bacilli within macrophages. Results of this study showed that anti-mycobacterial antibody enhances complement activation and anti-M. tb IgG antibody probably modulates effects of complement during early stages of tuberculosis infection.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia: The clinicopathological spectrum (2004)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia (ALS-D) is a non-Alzheimer-type dementia characterized by both frontotemporal degeneration and motor neuron disease and marked by ubiquitin-positive, tau- and alpha-synuclein-negative intraneuronal inclusions and dystrophic neurites. New neuropathological diagnostic criteria for ALS-D are proposed on the basis of the present investigation of 28 autopsy cases. Clinical features included those of typical ALS-D, primary lateral sclerosis, atypical ALS with frontotemporal atrophy and atypical Pick's disease without Pick's bodies. Macroscopically anterior frontotemporal atrophy was observed involving or not involving the precentral gyrus. Microscopically non-specific neuronal loss and gliosis with spongiosis were seen, particularly in superficial layers II and III of the frontotemporal cortices. Diffuse fibrous gliosis was seen in the frontotemporal white matter. The substantia nigra and amygdala showed neuronal loss and gliosis. In all 28 cases, degeneration of both the lower and upper motor neuron systems, consistent with classic sporadic ALS, was present. The distribution and degree of degenerative frontotemporal lesions and motor neuron disturbance were of various patterns. Ubiquitin-positive and tau- and alpha-synuclein negative intraneuronal inclusions and dystrophic neurites in extramotor cortices were observed in all cases. Furthermore, ubiquitin-positive inclusions in lower motor neurons were found in all cases. The distribution pattern and density differed between neuronal inclusions and dystrophic neurites and correlated with clinicopathological phenotypes. Therefore, the ALS-D spectrum may be broader than that previously recognized, extending to primary lateral sclerosis, atypical ALS and to atypical Pick's disease without Pick bodies. Further investigation is needed to determine the characteristics of the ubiquitinated component in ALS-D.
Functional Elements in Patent Claims, as Construed by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 251 (2014) (2014)

Plasmid lambdadv1, which is in a dimeric form, was converted to a linear monomer duplex by the action of EcoRI restriction endonuclease that incises at a unique site in this plasmid genome. The resulting products were then joined by Escherichia coli DNA ligase to produce molecules with various oligomeric forms, and from these monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric circular molecules were purified. By transformation of cells with these DNAs, clones were obtained that carried lambdadv1 in a monomeric or dimeric form. The former type of clones have not been generated in vivo, except for one in a different host strain, and carriers of timeric or tetrameric lambdadv1's have not been obtained so far. It was observed that a considerable fraction of these oligomeric circular DNAs were converted to lower oligomers (e.g., from trimer to dimer) during transformation. The characteristics of the monomeric lambdadv1 carriers obtained were compared with those of dimeric lambdadv1 carriers. The stabilities of the plasmids of the two forms were the same. However, the monomeric plasmid carriers were less tolerant to lambdavir phage infection and perpetuated about 30% less plasmid genomes in monomer units. Furthermore, dimeric plasmid carriers appeared spontaneously and accumulated in cultures of the monomeric lambdadv1 carriers.
Effect of Verapamil and Procainamide on Atrial Fibrillation–Induced Electrical Remodeling in Humans (1997)

Pretreatment with the calcium channel antagonist verapamil, but not the sodium channel antagonist procainamide, markedly attenuates acute, AF-induced changes in atrial electrophysiological properties. These data suggest that calcium loading during AF may be at least partially responsible for AF-induced electrical remodeling.
The Nucleotide Sequence of Satellite RNA in Grapevine Fanleaf Virus, Strain F13 (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of cDNA copies of grapevine fanleaf virus (strain F13) satellite RNA has been determined. The primary structure obtained was 1114 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail, and contained only one long open reading frame encoding a 341 residue, highly hydrophilic polypeptide of Mr37275. The coding sequence was bordered by a leader of 14 nucleotides and a 3'-terminal non-coding region of 74 nucleotides. No homology has been found with small satellite RNAs associated with other nepoviruses. Two limited homologies of eight nucleotides have been detected between the satellite RNA in grapevine fanleaf virus and those in tomato black ring virus, and a consensus sequence U.G/UGAAAAU/AU/AU/A at the 5' end of nepovirus RNAs is reported. A less extended consensus exists in this region in comovirus and picornavirus RNA.
Interactive learning for sensitivity factors of a human-powered augmentation lower exoskeleton (2015)

Sensitivity Amplification Control (SAC) algorithm was first proposed in the augmentation applications of Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX). The SAC algorithm is widely used in human augmentation applications since it just need the information from the exoskeleton robot, so that the complexity of exoskeleton system can be reduced greatly. However, the SAC algorithm has two main drawbacks: 1) requiring accurate dynamic models of the exoskeleton, 2) can not manage the variation of interaction dynamics from different walking speed. This paper presents a novel developed learning control strategy based on SAC algorithm. In the proposed Adaptive Sensitivity Amplification Control (ASAC) strategy, the reinforcement learning method is utilized to learn the sensitivity factors online for the sake of handling the variation of interaction dynamics. We demonstrate the control efficiency of ASAC on an one degree-of-freedom (DOF) platform with swing movements first, and then extend it into a HUman-powered Augmentation Lower EXoskeleton (HUALEX). The experimental results show that the proposed ASAC strategy can handle the changing interaction dynamics with less interaction force between the pilot and the exoskeleton as compared with traditional SAC algorithm.
IDH1 mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes are associated with an unfavorable prognosis (2010)

These results suggest that IDH1 mutations are recurrent molecular aberrations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and may become useful as a poor risk marker in these patients. These findings await validation in prospective trials.
Enhancement of transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using microemulsion vehicle. (2014)

These results indicated that this novel microemulsion is a useful formulation for the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen.
Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks (2009)

Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks offer a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
Ceramics Based on Alumina: Increasing the Hardness for Tool Applications (2000)

Die Arbeit beschreibt Herstellungstechnologien und technisches Einsatzverhalten neuer Werkzeugkeramiken fuer den Einsatz beim Schleifen und als Schneidkeramik. Die Eignung von Sub-Mikrometer-Sinterkorund selbst zur Hartbearbeitung und im unterbrochenen Schnitt wird auf Basis grundlegender Gefuege-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen diskutiert.
Effect of Pore Structure on CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption Characteristics of Aminopolymer Impregnated MCM-36 (2015)

The CO2 adsorption characteristics of a pillared 2-dimensional porous silicate material impregnated with amine containing polymers have been investigated. It was determined that the introduction of amine polymer deteriorates the CO2 capture kinetics of the MCM-36 supported amine adsorbents compared to that of the bare material, due to the fact that with the addition of a higher loading of amine polymer the diffusion of CO2 through the 2-dimensional interlayer mesoporous channels of MCM-36 becomes greatly hindered. This pore blocking sets an upper limit to the CO2 capture performance of the polymer impregnated MCM-36 and greatly reduces the utility of using this sort of amine-solid adsorbent for carbon capture. Interestingly, these results suggest that for 2-D channel solid supports there is an optimal amine loading which is not likely to be equal to the maximum loading, and which can be determined and utilized to obtain the maximum improvement over the original materials. The study performed in this work for the MCM-36 material could therefore be applied to other porous supports to determine these optimum loadings and be used to more easily compare and contrast the alterations to capture characteristics which occur upon amine loading for a wide range of materials. It is believed this will make it more straightforward to determine which solid supports hold the promise for greatly improved capture characteristics upon amine loading and allow the field to more quickly determine avenues for fruitful development. These results also suggest the need for a new sort of support structure for amine loaded solids, one which can allow us to decouple amine loading from increasing diffusion resistance so that high amine efficiency can be maintained throughout the range of increased amine loadings.
A Wafer-level pressure calibration method for integrated accelerometer and pressure sensor in TPMS application (2015)

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) normally contains an accelerometer. For piezoresistive accelerometers, low cost wafer-level full-range calibration is still a challenge. A novel wafer-lever pressure calibration method for accelerometer is reported in this paper. This method can be applied on a beam-block-membrane structure accelerometer which is sensitive to both acceleration and pressure. By measuring accelerometer's full-range response in a static pressure test step, the method can significantly reduce testing cost and workload in TPMS sensor production. Integrated pressure sensor can also be tested in this pressure test step. Simulation results show the feasibility to calculate the accelerometer's response from pressure test results. An integrated sensor (100g+500kPa measure range) for TPMS application was fabricated and measured through pressure test.
Traitement multidisciplinaire d'une béance antérieure chez l'adulte (2001)

Il s'agit, chez une patiente adulte, du traitement multidisciplinaire d'une béance incisivocanine associée à une biproalvéolie et une macroglossie sur un terrain ayant présenté une parodontite juvénile localisée.Le traitement s'est déroulé en trois étapes :- étape parodontale : phase initiale de détartrage-surfaçage associée à une antibiothérapie ayant permis de stabiliser la maladie parodontale ;- étape chirurgicale : glossectomie losangique médiane ainsi qu'une génioplastie d'avancée qui ont amélioré l'équilibre fonctionnel labio-mentonnier et lingual ;- étape orthodontique : après extraction des premières prémolaires maxillaires et des incisives centrales mandibulaires, la correction de la malocclusion (verticale et antéro-postérieure) a pu être réalisée.
Human growth hormone stimulates proliferation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. (1991)

Growth hormone (GH) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We sought to determine whether this could be mediated by an effect of GH on proliferation of endothelial cells, and, for this purpose, established long-term cultures of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hREC) from normal postmortem human eyes. High-purity (greater than 95%) hREC preparations were selected for experiments, based on immunofluorescence with acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and anti-factor VIII-related antigen. Growth requirements for these cells were complex, including serum for maintenance at slow growth rates and additional mitogens for more rapid proliferation. Exposure of hREC to physiologic doses of human GH (hGH) resulted in 100% greater cell number vs. control (P less than 0.01) but could be elicited only in the presence of serum. When differing serum conditions were compared, hGH stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation up to 1.6- to 2.2-fold under each condition and increased DNA content significantly in the presence of human, horse, and fetal calf serum. Depending on the culture conditions used, the threshold hGH concentration for significant stimulation of hREC proliferation was 0.4-4 micrograms/liter. In contrast, proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was not significantly altered by hGH added to concentrations as high as 200 micrograms/liter. In summary, hREC respond to physiologic concentrations of hGH in vitro with enhanced proliferation. This specific effect of GH on retinal microvascular endothelial cells supports the hypothesis of a role for GH in endothelial cell biology.
Smartdiscretes, new products for automotive applications (2003)

Device structures and characteristics for three Smartdiscretes which have automotive applications are presented. Smartdiscretes are discrete power devices which incorporate a few small signal devices on a chip without added process complexity. The first is a power MOSFET with very low on-resistance and an integral temperature sensor. The second is an ignition coil driver with a temperature-compensated clamp. The third is a device with a built-in current limit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, and a temperature-compensated clamp that is suitable for driving small inductive loads such as injector drivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>