gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Growth Characteristics of Malignant Stem Cells in B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1997)

We used a stroma-supported culture method to study the prevalence and growth characteristics of malignant stem cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In 51 of 108 B-lineage ALL samples, bone marrow-derived stroma not only inhibited apoptosis of ALL cells but also supported their proliferation in serum-free medium. When single leukemic cells were placed in the stroma-coated wells of microtiter plates, the percentage of wells with leukemic cell growth after 2 to 5 months of culture ranged from 6% to 20% (median, 15%; 5 experiments). The immunophenotypes and genetic features of cells recovered from these cultures were identical to those noted before culture. All cells maintained their stroma dependency and self-renewal capacity. Leukemic clones derived from single cells contained approximately 103 to 106 cells after 1 month of culture; other clones became detectable only after prolonged culture. Cell growth in stroma-coated wells correlated with the number of initially seeded cells (1 or 10; r = .87). However, the observed percentages of positive wells seeded with 10 cells always exceeded values predicted from results with single-cell–initiated cultures (P < .003 by paired t-test), suggesting stimulation of leukemic cell growth by paracrine factors. In conclusion, the proportion of ALL cells with clonogenic potential may be considerably higher than previously thought.
Umbilical Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells, Their Characteristics, and Potential Clinical Applications (2017)

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system able to kill different targets such as cancer cells and virally infected cells without prior activation making then attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation but as we gain a better understanding of the characteristics of each immune cell that UCB contains, we will also be able to develop new cell therapies for cancer. In this review, we present what is currently known of the phenotype and functions of UCB NK cells and how these cells could be used in the future for cancer immunotherapy.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF FUNGICIDAL ACTION OF METALLIC ETHYLENEBISDITHIOCARBAMATES (1955)

The titration reactions between zinc, manganese, and iron sulphates and nabam were studied. Except for possibly those with manganese, they were found to involve more than simple precipitations. Manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate was found to be relatively water soluble and easily converted to ethylenethiuram monosulphide (E.T.M.) on aeration. The corresponding-pure zinc salt was highly insoluble in water. Aqueous suspensions were relatively non-fungicidal and failed to yield E.T.M. on aeration. Corresponding suspensions in dilute alkali, however, showed increased solubility and fungicidal activity. They converted readily on aeration to a yellow fungicidal product containing E.T.M. The conversion of E.T.M. to an isothiocyanate was demonstrated. It is concluded that the mode of fungicidal action of the zinc and manganese salts is the same as that of the parent nabam. The same mechanism is probably involved with the iron salts. The practical implications of the work and its bearing on the recent isothiocyanate theory are discussed.
Detection of uranium in solids by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with laser-induced fluorescence (2008)

Detection of uranium in solids by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been investigated in combination with laser-induced fluorescence. An optical parametric oscillator wavelength-tunable laser was used to resonantly excite the uranium atoms and ions within the plasma plumes generated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Both atomic and ionic lines can be selected to detect their fluorescence lines. A uranium concentration of 462 ppm in a glass sample can be detected by using this technique at an excitation wavelength of 385.96 nm for resonant excitation of U II and a fluorescence line wavelength of 409.0 nm from U II.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and retinal neovascularisation: a new therapeutic approach for diabetic retinopathy. (1996)

Since the pioneer work of Michaelson in 1947 reporting that retinal ischemia induces the release of soluble angiogenic compounds, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the molecular structure of such messengers. In the early 1980s, the deciphering of angiogenic factor-signaling pathways and their description in the retina focused attention on growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor, the major candidate identified in 1992, induces in vivo angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Its expression is enhanced in vitro by hypoxia and hypoglycaemia; and its immunoreactivity is increased in diabetic patients. A decrease in its bioavailability reduces the intensity of neovascularization.
Bacterial Fouling in a Model Core System (1985)

We have used a sintered glass bead core to simulate the spaces and surfaces of reservoir rock in studies of the bacterial plugging phenomenon that affects waterflood oil recovery operations. The passage of pure or mixed natural populations of bacteria through this solid matrix was initially seen to promote the formation of adherent bacterial microcolonies on available surfaces. Bacteria within these microcolonies produced huge amounts of exopolysaccharides and coalesced to form a confluent plugging biofilm that eventually caused a >99% decrease in core permeability. Aerobic bacteria developed a plugging biofilm on the inlet face of the core, facultative anaerobes plugged throughout the core, and dead bacteria did not effectively plug the narrow (33-mum) spaces of this solid matrix because they neither adhered extensively to surfaces nor produced the extensive exopolysaccharides characteristic of living cells. The presence of particles in the water used in these experiments rapidly decreased the core permeability because they became trapped in the developing biofilm and accelerated the plugging of pore spaces. Once established, cells within the bacterial biofilm could be killed by treatment with a biocide (isothiazalone), but their essentially inert carbohydrate biofilm matrix persisted and continued to plug the pore spaces, whereas treatment with 5% sodium hypochlorite killed the bacteria, dissolved the exopolysaccharide biofilm matrix, and restored permeability to these plugged glass bead cores.
Evaluation of the Maximum Cross-Correlation Method of Estimating Sea Surface Velocities from Sequential Satellite Images (1990)

We evaluate the method of estimating sea surface velocities from sequences of AVHRR and CZCS images using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) technique. A set of synthetic images is created by advecting an AVHRR-SST field with a QG model velocity field. The MCC method of determining the sea surface velocities is then applied to the synthetic images. The rms differences and vector correlations between the model's velocity field and the field produced by the MCC method are presented. In addition, real AVHRR and CZCS images are used to find the rms difference between the satellite-derived velocity fields and in situ ADCP and hydrographic data. The tests show that AVHRR imagery yields the best results when images are separated by as short a period as possible. The rms errors at 6-h separation are on the order of 0.14 m s−1, growing to ≥0.25 m s−1 at separations of more than 18 h. CZCS images are always separated by 24 h or more, but images with well-defined features may result in rms differences no larger than those produced by AVHRR images separated by 12 and 24 h. The method is most successful when several AVHRR image pairs separated by 12 h or less are available from a short (1–3 day) period and the velocity fields from the individual pairs are averaged to give a single synoptic picture of the current field. Specific examples show some of the reasons for incorrect vectors calculated by the method, and suggestions are made for improvements in the method.
i3 (2000)

The goal of the i 3 (eye cube) project is to enhance multidimensional database products with a suite of advanced operators to automate data analysis tasks that are currently handled through manual exploration. Most OLAP products are rather simplistic and rely heavily on the user's intuition to manually drive the discovery process. Such ad hoc user-driven exploration gets tedious and error-prone as data dimensionality and size increases. We first investigated how and why analysts currently explore the data cube and then automated them using advanced operators that can be invoked interactively like existing simple operators. Our proposed suite of extensions appear in the form of a toolkit attached with a OLAP product. At this demo we will present three such operators: DIFF, RELAX and INFORM with illustrations from real-life datasets.
Ratiometric Temperature Sensing with Semiconducting Polymer Dots (2011)

This communication describes ultrabright single-nanoparticle ratiometric temperature sensors based on semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots). We attached the temperature sensitive dye-Rhodamine B (RhB), whose emission intensity decreases with increasing temperature-within the matrix of Pdots. The as-prepared Pdot-RhB nanoparticle showed excellent temperature sensitivity and high brightness because it took advantage of the light harvesting and amplified energy transfer capability of Pdots. More importantly, the Pdot-RhB nanoparticle showed ratiometric temperature sensing under a single wavelength excitation and has a linear temperature sensing range that matches well with the physiologically relevant temperatures. We employed Pdot-RhB for measuring intracellular temperatures in a live-cell imaging mode. The exceptional brightness of Pdot-RhB allows this nanoscale temperature sensor to be used also as a fluorescent probe for cellular imaging.
‘Asking the audience: audience research and the experience of theatre’ (2010)

There are various methodological and philosophical points related to the researches that are conducted to judge and figure out the experiences and comments of the audience after a performance. The relation between talk and experience and the perception of these experiences as different symbolic things are discussed in the article.
Nanocrystalline non‐planar carbons: Growth of carbon nanotubes and curled nanostructures (2005)

Abstract We present a variety of non‐planar graphitic nanostructures selectively generated in a modified Hot‐Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HF‐CVD) apparatus, using purpose‐synthesized amorphous carbon nanoparticles or graphite powders as solid state precursor. The employed methodologies enable to successfully synthesize homogeneous and well organized deposits of single‐ and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, onion‐like nanostructures, and nanotube bundles coated by nano‐sized diamond grains. Variations in the morphological aspect of such non‐planar graphite‐based nanostructures are observed changing the experimental conditions: the solid state reactants, the filament and substrate temperatures, the catalyst concentration, and the atomic hydrogen flux over the substrate play key roles in the phenomenon. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assay of pyrogenic contamination in pharmaceuticals by cytokine release from monocytes. (1988)

In 1984 it was reported that a batch of human recombinant growth hormone which had passed the rabbit pyrogen test and a Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test was pyrogenic in man (1). Further, it was shown that the growth hormone caused human monocytes to release leukocyte pyrogen which evoked fevers in rabbits (1). Leukocyte pyrogen is believed to comprise of a mixture of (at least) 2 lymphokines with potent pyrogenic and inflammatory activities, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), which are synthesized and released by activated peripheral blood monocytes. The development at NIBSC of sensitive and specific bioassays and immunoassays of IL-1 (2) and TNF (3) have permitted a new type of pyrogen test based on the in vitro release by human monocytes of the lymphokines IL-1 and TNF. Studies are underway to evaluate the suitability of monocytic cell lines, rather than human monocytes, since these require a time-consuming and labour intensive preparation. Investigations are in progress to evaluate the suitability of the above "monocyte test" for pyrogen to replace or complement the rabbit pyrogen test which is routinely applied to biological medicines. The new method has already proved useful in detecting pyrogenic contamination of a large volume parenteral medicinal product which passed the rabbit pyrogen test but caused adverse reactions in patients.
Frequent gain of chromosome 19 in megakaryoblastic leukemias detected by comparative genomic hybridization (2001)

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare subtype of AML that is often difficult to diagnose; it is most commonly associated with Down syndrome in children. To identify chromosomal imbalances and rearrangements associated with acute megakaryocytic leukemia, we used G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting (WCP) on a variety of primary patients' samples and leukemia cell lines. The most common abnormality was gain of chromosome 19 or arm 19q, which was detected by CGH in four of 12 (33.3%) primary samples and nine of 11 (81.8%) cell lines. In none of the primary samples was this abnormality detected by G-banding analysis. WCP was used to define further the nature of the chromosome 19 gain in the cell lines, which was found to be due to the presence of additional 19q material on marker chromosomes or to cryptic translocations involving 19q. The most common chromosomal loss--detected only in the cell lines--was deletion of chromosomal band 13q14, which was seen in six of 11 (54.5%) cell lines. Other recurrent changes included gains of 1p, 6p, 8q, 11q, 15q, 17q, and 21q and losses of 2, 4q, 5q, 7q, 9p, and 11p. Combining conventional and molecular cytogenetic analyses defined recurrent clonal chromosomal abnormalities, which will aid in the identification of critical genes that are abnormal in acute megakaryocytic leukemia cells.
The Prevalence and Predictors of Helmet Use by Skiers and Snowboarders at Ski Areas in Western North America in 2001 (2003)

Helmet use was generally low but may be high enough by experts, snowboarders, and in the central Rocky Mountains to produce a norm stimulating further adoption.
GUP1<i> and its close homologue </i>GUP2<i>, encoding multimembrane‐spanning proteins involved in active glycerol uptake in </i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

Many yeast species can utilize glycerol, both as a sole carbon source and as an osmolyte. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, physiological studies have previously shown the presence of an active uptake system driven by electrogenic proton symport. We have used transposon mutagenesis to isolate mutants affected in the transport of glycerol into the cell. Here we present the identification of YGL084c, encoding a multimembrane-spanning protein, as being essential for proton symport of glycerol into S. cerevisiae. The gene is named GUP1 (glycerol uptake) and, for growth on glycerol, is important as a carbon and energy source. In addition, in strains deficient in glycerol production it also provides osmotic protection by the addition of glycerol. Another open reading frame (ORF), YPL189w, presenting a high degree of homology to YGL084c, similarly appears to be involved in active glycerol uptake in salt-containing glucose-based media in strains deficient in glycerol production. Analogously, this gene is named GUP2. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a gene product involved in active transport of glycerol in yeasts. Mutations with the same phenotypes occurred in two other ORFs of previously unknown function, YDL074c and YPL180w.
전통무예 활성화를 위한 무예(체육)관련법,제도의 고찰과 개선방안 (2016)

본 연구는 새로운 백년대계를 위해 지금까지 나타난 한국 무예(체육)관련 법ㆍ제도의 문제점을 규명하고 개선방안을 제시하여 한국의 전통무예문화의 기반을 새롭게 조성하고, 나아가 세계화된 한국 전통무예로 성장시켜 경쟁력과 국가브랜드가치를 고취하는 기초자료 제공에 있다. 연구방법은 발표된 정책자료, 선행연구, 방송 및 언론자료 등 문헌고찰을 중심으로 전개하였다. 무예 진흥을 위한 법 고찰과 제도에서 도출된 문제점을 바탕으로 개선된 무예 정책 수립을 위한 개선방안으로 1. 분산된 무예(체육) 업무 시스템 창구의 일원화, 2. 법 개정을 통한 무예관련 미비점 보완, 3. 통합체육회 출범에 따른 회원종목단체 가입규정 및 전통종목심사기준 정비, 4. 무도가산점제도의 기준 개정, 5. 국민체육진흥 기금사업 내용보완, 6. 전통무예 장관상 지원기준 명확화 등을 제시한다.
Recent advances in the development of gamma-secretase inhibitors. (2002)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that exerts a huge psychological and social toll in modern societies. The current hypothesis for the cause of this illness is that it is the result of aberrant production of beta-amyloid (A beta) and plaque deposition in the brain of affected individuals. New therapeutic interventions seek to stop or even reverse the course of the disease by inhibiting this aggregation or reducing A beta formation. The use of inhibitors of gamma-secretase, a key enzyme in the production of A beta, is currently undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation. Small molecule inhibitors which demonstrate efficacy in reducing A beta burden in mice have thus been recently discovered. This review summarizes the development of such inhibitors in light of our current understanding of the function of gamma-secretase. It also provides an evaluation of the therapeutic potential for this class of compounds with the recent discovery of other biochemical pathways associated with gamma-secretase, such as Notch signaling.
Computer control system for CC-DR process. (1984)

The Muroran No. 3 Continuous Casting Machine, which started operation in November 1981, is a slab/bloom combination caster (with twin-strand operation for bloom). The time required for the process from tapping molten steel from the BOF to coiling strip into hot coils is 3.5hr.Integrated process control of the continuous caster (CC) and the heat holding furnace (HF) is performed by a single process computer.The process computer control functions for the CC-DR process are described below.1) Casting speed guidance2) Present control for each steel grade3) Secondary cooling control models4) Calculation and setting of cutting length5) Collection of data on quality6) HF pacing7) Automatic operation of the HFThe CC/HF process computer is contributing greatly to the stable operation and quality improvement of the CC-DR process.
JavaScript Demystified (2005)

Even if you have no programming experience, you'll learn to create dynamic, interactive Web pages with help from this easy-to-use, self-teaching guide. Author and programming instructor Jim Keogh covers the basics of this leading Web development language and explains how to write cross-browser JavaScript programs in no time.
Stiffness in stochastic chemically reacting systems: The implicit tau-leaping method (2003)

We show how stiffness manifests itself in the simulation of chemical reactions at both the continuous-deterministic level and the discrete-stochastic level. Existing discrete stochastic simulation methods, such as the stochastic simulation algorithm and the (explicit) tau-leaping method, are both exceedingly slow for such systems. We propose an implicit tau-leaping method that can take much larger time steps for many of these problems.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Activity<i>in vivo</i>of Lipophilic<i>Isatis tinctoria</i>Extracts and Tryptanthrin (2006)

The effects of a supercritical CO2 (SFE) extract, a dichloromethane (DCM) extract from Isatis tinctoria leaf and the alkaloidal constituent tryptanthrin were studied in acute and subchronic experimental models of inflammation. The SFE and DCM extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced acute mouse paw oedema (ED50 values of 78 mg/kg and 165 mg/kg P. O., respectively) and in the acute tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear oedema in oral (62% and 32% oedema reduction at 100 and 125 mg/kg, respectively) and topical application (37% and 33% reduction of oedema at 0.5 mg/ear). In contrast, tryptanthrin showed no significant anti-inflammatory effect. The DCM extract inhibited oedema formation and neutrophil infiltration in subchronic inflammation in mice induced by repeated application of TPA. The extract showed activity after oral and topical administration by reducing the various parameters of the inflammatory response. The DCM extract (1 mg/ear) inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by application of dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) after topical application. The response during the induction phase (24 h) was decreased by 48%, and the inflammatory phase (48 to 96 h) was reduced by 53 to 56%. The extract had no effect in this model when administered orally. The DCM extract (200 mg/kg P. O.) inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing by 49%.
A novel design technique for weakly constrained codes (2002)

A general method of constructing (d, k) constrained codes from arbitrary sequences is introduced. This method is then used for constructing a class of weakly constrained codes. The proposed codes are analyzed for the case of d=0 and shown to give results which are better or comparable to those of the best available codes, however at the cost of failure with some very low probability.
TOWARDS WEB-BASED COMPUTING (2001)

In a problem solving environment for geometric computing, a graphical user interface, or GUI, for visualization has become an essential component for geometric software development. In this paper we describe a visualization system, called GeoJAVA, which consists of a GUI and a geometric visualization library that enables the user or algorithm designer to (1) execute and visualize an existing algorithm in the library or (2) develop new code over the Internet. The library consists of geometric code written in C/C++. The GUI is written using the Java programming language. Taking advantage of the socket classes and system-independent application programming interfaces (API's) provided with the Java language, GeoJAVA offers a platform independent environment for distributed geometric computing that combines Java and C/C++. Users may remotely join a "channel" or discussion group in a location transparent manner to do collaborative research. The visualization of an algorithm, a C/C++ program located locally or remotely and controlled by a "floor manager", can be viewed by all the members in the channel through a visualization sheet called GeoJAVASheet. A chat box is also provided to enable dialogue among the members. Furthermore, this system not only allows visualization of pre-compiled geometric code, but also serves as a web-based programming environment where the user may submit a geometric code, compile it with the libraries provided by the system, and visualize it directly over the web sharing it with other users immediately.
A phonetic search approach to the 2006 NIST spoken term detection evaluation (2007)

This paper details the submission from the Speech and Audio Research Lab of Queensland University of Technology (QUT) to the inaugural 2006 NIST Spoken Term Detection Evaluation. The task involved accurately locating the occurrences of a specified list of English terms in a given corpus of broadcast news and conversational telephone speech. The QUT system uses phonetic decoding and Dynamic Match Lattice Spotting to rapidly locate search terms, combined with a neural network-based verification stage. The use of phonetic search means the system is open vocabulary and performs usefully (Actual Term-Weighted Value of 0.23) whilst avoiding the cost of a large vocabulary speech recognition engine.