gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Congenital Cataract-Linked A2V Mutation Impairs Tetramer Formation and Promotes Aggregation of βB2-Crystallin (2012)

β/γ-Crystallins, the major structural proteins in human lens, are highly conserved in their tertiary structures but distinct in the quaternary structures. The N- and C-terminal extensions have been proposed to play a crucial role in mediating the size of β-crystallin assembly. In this research, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the congenital hereditary cataract caused by the recently characterized A2V mutation in βB2-crystallin. Spectroscopic experiments indicated that the mutation did not affect the secondary and tertiary structures of βB2-crystallin. The mutation did not affect the formation of βB2/βA3-crystallin heteromer as well as the stability and folding of the heteromer, suggesting that the mutation might not interfere with the protein interacting network in the lens. However, the tetramerization of βB2-crystallin at high protein concentrations was retarded by the A2V mutation. The mutation slightly decreased the thermal stability and promoted the thermal aggregation of βB2-crystallin. Although it did not influence the stability of βB2-crystallin against denaturation induced by chemical denaturants and UV irradiation, the A2V mutant was more prone to be trapped in the off-pathway aggregation process during kinetic refolding. Our results suggested that the A2V mutation might lead to injury of lens optical properties by decreasing βB2-crystallin stability against heat treatment and by impairing βB2-crystallin assembly into high-order homo-oligomers.
Preparation of homogeneous Cu(InGa)Se2 films by selenization of metal precursors in H2Se atmosphere (1995)

Homogeneous single phase Cu(InGa)Se2 films with Ga/(In+Ga)=0.25–0.75 were formed by reacting Cu–Ga–In precursor films in H2Se followed by an anneal in Ar. X-ray diffraction and Auger analysis show that the metal precursors reacted only in H2Se were multiphase films having a layered CuInSe2/CuGaSe2 structure. Solar cells made with the multiphase films have properties similar to CuInSe2 devices. Cells made with the annealed single phase films behave like Cu(InGa)Se2 devices with the band gap expected for the precursor composition.
Web-based simulation management: a web-based interface for storing and executing simulation models (2000)

The dominance of the Internet in the development of information and communication technology has made Web-based distributed solutions increasingly attractive. Apart from providing other services, the World Wide Web is being looked upon as an environment for hosting modeling and simulation applications. SIMAN is a simulation language that allows users to simulate discrete and continuous systems. In this research, a web-based interface or toolkit has been developed for storing and executing SIMAN simulation models over the Internet. This toolkit consists of a World Wide Web interface to SIMAN and a web-accessible database for storing user models. It provides users an easy-to-use environment for developing text-based simulation models using the SIMAN simulation language. It also allows users to test the functionality of a SIMAN model using the SIMAN debugger/run controller.
Rationale for targeting interleukin-17 in the lungs. (2003)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that an exaggerated accumulation of activated neutrophils in the airways can cause decline of the clinical state in several lung diseases, including acute, severe asthma. In spite of this, an effective pharmacotherapy against this type of exaggerated neutrophil activity has yet to be developed. This review presents the scientific rationale for targeting the T-cell cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 in inflammatory lung diseases, to normalize neutrophil activity. Evidence leads to the conclusion that the production and release of IL-17 orchestrates neutrophil activity in the lungs. Hypothetically, local blockade of IL-17 may prove effective to normalize exaggerated neutrophil activity in lung diseases.
Investigation of bandwidth loading in optical fibre transmission using amplified spontaneous emission noise (2017)

The use of spectrally shaped amplified spontaneous emission noise (SS-ASE) as a method for emulating interfering channels in optical fibre transmission systems has been studied. It is shown that the use of SS-ASE leads to a slightly pessimistic performance relative to the use of conventionally modulated interfering channels in the nonlinear regime. The additional nonlinear interference noise (on the channel under test), due to the Gaussian nature of SS-ASE, has been calculated using a combination of the Gaussian noise (GN) and enhanced GN (EGN) models for the entire C-band (4.5 THz) and experimentally shown to provide a lower bound for transmission performance.
Recrystallization of amorphous gallium arsenide by ion beams (1984)

An 11-MV arsenic beam was used to amorphize approximately 3.9 μm of GaAs surface layer at liquid nitrogen temperature. It was found that apparently amorphous gallium arsenide can be reconverted to single crystal by subsequent implantation at higher temperature. The recrystallization by the ion beam proceeded simultaneously from the amorphous surface and the deep amorphous/crystalline interface. Growth of dendrites and/or microtwins occurred at the recrystallizing interfaces. From the comparison of the nuclear stopping curve with the damage distribution in cross-sectional transmission electron micrograph, the threshold value for converting crystalline GaAs into amorphous GaAs was measured to be between 2–5×1020 keV cm−3.
A brief overview of ATM (1995)

Asnychronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has emerged as the most promising technology in supporting future broadband multimedia communication services. To accelerate the deployment of ATM technology, the ATM Forum, which is a consortium of service providers and equipment vendors in the communication industries, has been created to develop implementation and specification agreements. In this article, we present a brief overview on ATM protocol layers and current progress on LAN Emulation and Traffic Management in the ATM Forum.
The Role of Microvascular Thrombosis in Sepsis (2004)

The acute inflammatory response to sepsis gives rise to significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this form of tissue injury are poorly understood. This review examines the evidence that tissue ischaemia due, to generalized microvascular thrombosis may play an important role. Microvascular thrombosis is probably an adaptive response that prevents bacteria in the tissues reaching the systemic circulation via the capillaries. In time, a definitive response by leucocytes removes the bacteria and repairs the damaged tissues. There is however evidence that if microvascular thrombosis becomes generalized, then extensive tissue ischaemia may precipitate organ failure and death. Post-mortem studies of patients with sepsis demonstrate microvascular thrombi in many organs including the kidney, liver, lung, gut, adrenals and brain, and the degree of organ injury is related to the quantity of thrombi. Furthermore studies in human and animal models of sepsis demonstrate therapies that inhibit coagulation or promote fibrinolysis reduce organ failure and mortality. In view of the personal and economic burdens that tissue injury associated with the acute inflammatory response places on the community, further studies to establish the role of microvascular thrombosis are clearly required. Such studies may lead to new therapies to limit or prevent this form of injury.
A stability aware cluster routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Abstract An ad hoc network is formed by a collection of mobile nodes without any centralized access point or existing infrastructure. Communications between mobile nodes require routing over multiple‐hop wireless paths. Since mobile nodes could be of high mobility, an effective and adaptive routing protocol must have ongoing details of the topology information. However, it wastes limited bandwidth to keep routing information up‐to‐date and reliable. Thus, one of the crucial design objectives to achieve routing responsiveness and updating efficiency is the minimization of reaction to mobility. Specifically, a scalable and QoS‐guaranteed routing protocol is desired for novel multimedia applications in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose an efficiently repairable routing protocol, called Gravitational Cluster Routing (GCR) Protocol. It contains a stable cluster structure to cover dense areas and avoid articulation nodes. The reaction to mobility can be reduced significantly by unicast. Active routing paths can be maintained locally in each cluster. Besides, repairable levels of active routing paths, which rank their stabilities, are evaluated. By their aid, the proposed GCR can find routing paths that satisfy different parameters of QoS. These mechanisms can improve the stability of active connections. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document classification using nonnegative matrix factorization and underapproximation (2009)

In this study, we use nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and nonnegative matrix underapproximation (NMU) approaches to generate feature vectors that can be used to cluster aviation safety reporting system (ASRS) documents obtained from the distributed national ASAP archive (DNAA). By preserving nonnegativity, both the NMF and NMU facilitate a sum-of-parts representation of the underlying term usage patterns in the ASRS document collection. Both the training and test sets of ASRS documents are parsed and then factored by both algorithms to produce a reduced-rank representations of the entire document space. The resulting feature and coefficient matrix factors are used to cluster ASRS documents so that the (known) associated anomalies of training documents are directly mapped to the feature vectors. Dominant features of test documents are then used to generate anomaly relevance scores for those documents.We demonstrate that the approximate solution obtained by NMU using Lagrangrian duality can lead to a better sum-of-parts representation and document classification accuracy.
Respiratory motion correction in free‐breathing ultrasound image sequence for quantification of hepatic perfusion (2011)

The image-based strategy independent of the tumor size can quickly correct respiratory motion in CEUS image sequences. Simple manual operation is only needed, such as the selection of the template image and search space. It is user-friendly and suitable for most clinical cases affected by adverse factors of sampling. Due to the merit of the saving time, this strategy can be widely applied to clinical practice, and the diagnostic efficiency of FLLs will be improved. Moreover, the correction strategy is a key preprocessing step toward local quantification of hepatic perfusion studies.
Comparison of saliva and urine samples in thin-layer chromatographic detection of central nervous stimulants. (1984)

The excretion of amphepramone, amphetamine, ephedrine and prolintane was estimated qualitatively from saliva and urine using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after a single intake of therapeutic doses by healthy volunteers. The purpose was to compare the suitability of these two biological fluids for doping tests and it was therefore important that either the drug or its metabolites should be found in all subjects. Ephedrine was the only one to be detected regularly in saliva already 1 h after drug intake, and it was found there up to 8 h, while in urine it was found up to 24 h. In saliva, prolintane or its main metabolite did not appear during 24 h, whereas it or its metabolite were consistently found in urine 4-12 h after drug intake. Neither amphepramone nor its metabolites were detected at any time in saliva, but this drug was found, either in unchanged or in metabolized form, in urine 1-24 h after intake. The same was true for amphetamine, except at 1 h in urine. The findings did not clearly correlate with the pH of either saliva or urine samples. It is concluded that in TLC screening saliva is inferior to urine in doping tests.
Heparan sulfate sulfatase SULF2 regulates PDGFRα signaling and growth in human and mouse malignant glioma (2012)

Glioblastoma (GBM), a uniformly lethal brain cancer, is characterized by diffuse invasion and abnormal activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways, presenting a major challenge to effective therapy. The activation of many RTK pathways is regulated by extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), suggesting these molecules may be effective targets in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we demonstrated that the extracellular sulfatase, SULF2, an enzyme that regulates multiple HSPG-dependent RTK signaling pathways, was expressed in primary human GBM tumors and cell lines. Knockdown of SULF2 in human GBM cell lines and generation of gliomas from Sulf2(-/-) tumorigenic neurospheres resulted in decreased growth in vivo in mice. We found a striking SULF2 dependence in activity of PDGFRα, a major signaling pathway in GBM. Ablation of SULF2 resulted in decreased PDGFRα phosphorylation and decreased downstream MAPK signaling activity. Interestingly, in a survey of SULF2 levels in different subtypes of GBM, the proneural subtype, characterized by aberrations in PDGFRα, demonstrated the strongest SULF2 expression. Therefore, in addition to its potential as an upstream target for therapy of GBM, SULF2 may help identify a subset of GBMs that are more dependent on exogenous growth factor-mediated signaling. Our results suggest the bioavailability of growth factors from the microenvironment is a significant contributor to tumor growth in a major subset of human GBM.
Multifunctional microwave devices based on metamaterial transmission lines (2009)

Design of microwave devices based on a combination of traditional right-handed transmission line sections with positive dispersion and metamaterial left-handed transmission line sections with negative dispersion is considered. Compared to homogeneous transmission lines, the use of cascaded line sections gives additional degrees of freedom for the design of microwave devices with enlarged functionality and unique performance. Artificial way of right- and left-handed transmission lines realization based on lumped-element equivalent cells helps to minimize the dimensions of microwave devices. For filters, a combination of cascaded right- and left-handed transmission lines can be applied advantageously, to control the position and the widths of the individual pass-bands and the parasitic response of higher harmonics. The design of tunable dual-band filters is discussed and experimental results are presented. The miniature tuneable directional coupler is also under consideration. Artificial right- and left-handed transmission line sections based on lumped-element ¿-cells are employed. In order to verify the theoretical prediction, a tuneable lumped-element rat-race ring has been designed and experimentally investigated. Semiconductor varactor diodes have been used as tuneable components.
ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY OF CULTURED BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE (CYANOPHYTA)<sup>1</sup> (1991)

ABSTRACT A large‐scale screening program was initiated to evaluate laboratory‐cultured blue‐green algae (cyanobacteria) as a source of novel antineoplastic agents. Approximately 1000 cyanophyte strains from diverse habitats were cultured to provide extracts for testing. The screening program identified the families Scytonemataceae and Stigonemataceae as prolific producers of novel cytotoxic compounds. Rates of rediscovery of known compounds were relatively low.
Activation of the cryptic DNA binding function of mutant forms of p53 (1993)

Wild type p53 assembles into a latent multiprotein complex which can be activated for sequence-specific DNA binding in vitro by proteins targeting the carboxy-terminal domain. Using an optimized system coupling the post-translational modification of wild type p53 to activation of sequence specific DNA binding, we examined the affects of common mutations on the cryptic DNA binding function of p53. Two mutant forms of p53 were shown to be efficiently converted from the latent state by PAb421 and DnaK, but were defective in activation by casein kinase II, indicating that mutant p53 may not be receptive to allosteric regulation by casein kinase II phosphorylation. A reactive sulfhydryl group is absolutely required for DNA binding by wild type and mutant forms of p53 once converted to the activated state. Together, these data show that some mutant forms of p53 harbour the wild-type machinery required to engage in sequence-specific DNA binding and define a signalling pathway whose inactivation may directly result in a loss of p53 function.
[Establishment of an experimental animal model with alveolar bone defect by surgery in rats]. (2006)

Animal model of alveolar bone defect established by surgery is simple and reliable, which can be used for further studies. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.Y2004C13) and Medical Science and Technology Enhancement Award Project of Shangdong Province (Grant No.2005H2038).
Complex formation between spin-labeled polyuridylic acid and pyrimidine nucleosides (1980)

Complex formation between poly (U) and pyrimidine nucleosides, uridine and cytidine, was observed using spin labeling technique. The binding of these nucleosides with poly (U) takes place within a narrow range of their concentration and is characterized by a relatively strong cooperativity. It is shown, that both hydrogen bonding and stacking interaction contribute to the complex stability. Some thermodynamic parameters of the process were obtained from the binding isotherms. At 21 degrees C the equilibrium constants for nucleation were found to be 0.23 M-1 and 0.42 M-1, and those for chain growth 2.63 M-1 and 2.19 M-1 for uridine and cytidine respectively. Complex formation of poly (U) with adenosine was also studied by spin labeling method.
The Antiactivator TraM Interferes with the Autoinducer-dependent Binding of TraR to DNA by Interacting with the C-terminal Region of the Quorum-sensing Activator (2000)

Conjugal transfer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmids is regulated by quorum sensing via the transcriptional activator TraR and the acyl-homoserine lactone Agrobacterium autoinducer (AAI). Unique to this system, the activity of TraR is negatively modulated by an antiactivator called TraM. Analyses from yeast two-hybrid studies suggest that TraM directly interacts with the activator, but the conditions under which these components interact and the region of TraR responsible for this interaction are not known. Induction of traM in a strain in which TraR was activating transcription of a reporter system led to rapid cessation of gene expression. As assessed by a genetic assay that measures AAI-dependent DNA binding, TraM inhibited TraR function before and after the transcription factor had bound to its DNA recognition site. Consistent with this observation, in gel retardation assays, purified TraM abolished the DNA binding activity of TraR in a concentration-dependent manner. Such inhibition occurred independent of the order of addition of the reactants. As assessed by far Western analyses TraM interacts with TraR by directly binding the activator. TraM in its native form interacted with native TraR and also with heat-treated TraR but only when SDS was included with the denatured protein. TraM interacted with TraR on blots prepared with total lysates of cells grown in the presence and absence of AAI. Far Western analysis of N- and C-terminal deletion mutants localized a domain of TraR contributing to TraM binding to the C-terminal portion of the activator protein. Random mutagenesis by hydroxylamine treatment and error-prone polymerase chain reaction identified several residues in this region of TraR important for interacting with TraM as well as for transcriptional activation or/and DNA binding. We conclude that TraM inhibits TraR by binding to the activator at a domain within or close to the helix-turn-helix motif located at the C terminus of the protein.
Algorithms for frequency jump detection (2008)

The detection of jumps in a frequency record is a challenging problem by either visual or mathematical means. The former takes considerable experience and judgment, and is therefore quite subjective, but has the advantage of providing insight into device behaviour. The latter is more impartial and consistent, and can be automated. In combination, mathematical jump detection can be applied for automatic clock testing and monitoring. If a jump is detected, the record can then be inspected visually before deciding on the action required. This paper describes frequency jump detection algorithms that are included in a program for frequency stability analysis.
Characterization of a Second-Generation Focal-Plane Camera Coupled to an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mattauch−Herzog Geometry Mass Spectrograph (2006)

A second-generation Faraday-strip array detector has been coupled to an inductively coupled plasma Mattauch-Herzog geometry mass spectrograph, thereby offering simultaneous acquisition of a range of mass-to-charge ratios. The second-generation device incorporates narrower, more closely spaced collectors than the earlier system. Furthermore, the new camera can acquire signal on all collectors at a frequency greater than 2 kHz and has the ability to independently adjust the gain level of each collector. Each collector can also be reset independently. With these improvements, limits of detection in the hundreds of picograms per liter for metals in solution have been obtained. Some additional features, such as a broader linear dynamic range (over 7 orders of magnitude), greater resolving power (up to 600), and improved isotope ratio accuracy were attained. In addition, isotope ratio precision as low as 0.018% RSD was achieved.
Increased Density of Olfactory Receptor Neurons Immunoreactive for Apolipoprotein E in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (1998)

Immunolocalization of apolipoprotein E (apoE) was investigated in human olfactory mucosa in which olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were identified with antiserum to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5. Tissue was obtained at autopsy from 10 nondemented middle-aged or elderly subjects and 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Double-labeling immunofluorescence established that apoE immunoreactivity was colocalized in a subpopulation of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive ORNs. The mean number of apoE-immunoreactive ORNs per unit epithelial length in AD patients was about 3.5 times greater than that in nondemented patients, although the mean number of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive ORNs was similar. The apoE-immunopositive Schwann cells in olfactory nerve bundles were the probable source of apoE in the ORNs. The increased numbers of apoE-immunoreactive ORNs in AD patients compared to nondemented subjects demonstrates another manifestation of AD-related neuropathology, in addition to cytoskeletal changes, beta-amyloid deposition, and changes in immunoreactivity for other neuroproteins, that parallels changes in neurons in the AD brain.