gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MCE domain proteins: conserved inner membrane lipid-binding proteins required for outer membrane homeostasis (2017)

Bacterial proteins with MCE domains were first described as being important for Mammalian Cell Entry. More recent evidence suggests they are components of lipid ABC transporters. In Escherichia coli, the single-domain protein MlaD is known to be part of an inner membrane transporter that is important for maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry. Here we describe two multi MCE domain-containing proteins in Escherichia coli, PqiB and YebT, the latter of which is an orthologue of MAM-7 that was previously reported to be an outer membrane protein. We show that all three MCE domain-containing proteins localise to the inner membrane. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that MCE domains are widely distributed across bacterial phyla but multi MCE domain-containing proteins evolved in Proteobacteria from single-domain proteins. Mutants defective in mlaD, pqiAB and yebST were shown to have distinct but partially overlapping phenotypes, but the primary functions of PqiB and YebT differ from MlaD. Complementing our previous findings that all three proteins bind phospholipids, results presented here indicate that multi-domain proteins evolved in Proteobacteria for specific functions in maintaining cell envelope homeostasis.
APPLICATION OF ACID LACTASE TO WINE MAKING FROM COTTAGE CHEESE WHEY CONCENTRATES (1978)

ABSTRACT An acid lactase β‐galactosidase preparation and standard wine yeast Saccharomyces cervisae were used to simultaneously hydrolyze lactose and ferment the resulting simple monosugars to ethanol. A standardized fermentation whey medium, prepared from a reverse osmosis‐heat evaporated concentrate of 24% lactose, 0.25–1.0g per liter of lactase enzyme and a 2% yeast inoculum, gave a potentially acceptable whey wine. It contained 11–12.2% (vol/vol) of ethanol within 10–15 days of fermentation at 30°C. The fermentation efficiency ranged from 76–81%.
Force-frequency response in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied rat heart (1996)

Rate-dependent force production was investigated using small trabecular muscle from control and hypertrophied rat cardiac muscle. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (0.3 mg/kg body weight) for 12 days. The force-frequency relationship, for the control rat myocardium, is clearly biphasic. A stepped increase in stimulation frequency from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz results in a decrease in contractile force (negative phase). However, at higher stimulation frequency above 0.5 Hz, an increased contractile force is revealed (positive phase). Membrane action potential duration (APD50) was used to reflect sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. The frequency-dependent increase in APD50 and the ability of nifedipine, a sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, to eliminate the positive-force frequency response, indicate that sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx is important for force development at high stimulation frequency. Relative Ca2+ content of sarcoplasmic reticulum is estimated from rapid cooling contractures. The parallel change of rapid cooling contractures and twitch force suggests that the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content alters with varying frequencies of stimulation. Isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied muscle shows a greater contractile force, increased nifedipine-sensitive force development and prolonged APD50 compared to controls. These data suggest a greater availability of intracellular Ca2+ to activate contraction in hypertrophied muscle, possibly by amplified Ca2+ influx via L-type channel.
Development of a switching passive 2.4 GHz RFID transponder on flexible substrate (2009)

For the detection and tracking of a football on a playground, a transponder was developed on a flexible substrate suitable for integration in the ball. The transponder secures permanent detection and identification with FMCW radar, thus enabling an easy and cost-effective tracking of the ball. The transponder consists of a dipole antenna and a microprocessor controlled switch which shorts at a programmable rate the input port of the dipole. The user selectable switching frequency or switching sequence can be recognised in the radar Doppler spectrum, since the transponder's received amplitude and phase vary between the on- and off-state. This approach is patented under nr. 07112606.4. The design, realisation and first results of the transponder are discussed in this article.
Failure-atomic file access in an interposed network storage system (2002)

Presents a recovery protocol for block I/O operations in Slice, a storage system architecture for high-speed LANs incorporating network-attached block storage. The goal of the Slice architecture is to provide a network file service with scalable bandwidth and capacity while preserving compatibility with off-the-shelf clients and file server appliances. The Slice prototype "virtualizes" the Network File System (NFS) protocol by interposing a request switching filter at the client's interface to the network storage system (e.g. in a network adapter or switch). The distributed Slice architecture separates functions that are typically combined in central file servers, introducing new challenges for failure atomicity. This paper presents a protocol for atomic file operations and recovery in the Slice architecture, and related support for reliable file storage using mirrored striping. Experimental results from the Slice prototype show that the protocol has low cost in the common case, allowing the system to deliver client file access bandwidths approaching Gbit/s network speeds.
Non-thermal cellular effects of ultrasound. (1982)

The cellular effects of ultrasound can be grouped into those which are predominantly thermal in origin and those which are, at least in part, non-thermal. Cellular effects of ultrasound generally acknowledged to be essentially non-thermal include changes associated with standing waves, acoustic streaming, microstreaming and cavitation; they have been demonstrated in vitro and may, in many instances, also occur in vivo. While some stimulate cell activity and can be exploited in ultrasonic therapy, others are potentially hazardous and must be avoided. Examples of experimentally-demonstrated cellular effects in which non-thermal, ultrasonically-induced events are involved are described, together with the mechanisms considered to be involved in producing them. The relevance of such effects to the safe and beneficial use of ultrasound in diagnosis and therapy is considered.
Functional analysis of GC element binding and transcription in the hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene promoter (1989)

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene expression is required for cell growth. The DHFR gene promoter contains several GC elements capable of binding the transcription factor Sp1. In this report we have characterized the effect of protein(s) binding to these sequence elements in the Chinese hamster DHFR promoter on transcription. We have constructed a series of deletions containing from 896 to 103 bp 5' to the start of translation. The protein binding domains have been mapped by DNAse I footprint analysis using HeLa nuclear extract, and the function of the protein-binding elements has been assessed by in vitro transcription and transient CAT expression. Maximal transcription in vitro and CAT expression is obtained with a construct containing 3 GC elements extending to position -184. Removal of GC element binding factor(s), by competition with an oligonucleotide containing an Sp1 binding site, completely abolishes transcription in vitro and significantly diminishes CAT expression. Ten-fold higher molar excess of competitor is required to abolish SV40 early transcription, suggesting that the GC element interactions in the DHFR promoter are different from those in the SV40 early region. Co-transfection of a DHFR CAT construct with an expressor of Sp1 dramatically increased CAT expression in Drosophila cells.
Predicting carcass composition and individual feed requirement in live cattle widely varying in body size. (1997)

A total of 192 feeder steers of five breed types and body sizes commonly found in the United States cattle population were fed high-energy diets to three endpoints (275-, 300-, and 360-kg carcass weights) to determine their carcass composition. Before slaughter, ultrasound was used to predict fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, and marbling. Individual steer data were used for developing prediction equations, which were validated with three independent data sets. These data were used to develop and validate equations to predict carcass composition and DM requirements for individuals fed in pens and varying in breed type, body weight and size, and ADG. Equations to predict carcass weight during growth accounted for 84, 83, and 88% of the variation in the three data sets with 0, 1, and 3% bias. An equation to predict percentage of carcass fat from fat thickness and equivalent shrunk weight accounted for 96% of the variation in the percentage of carcass fat. An equation to predict yield grade from longissimus muscle area per 100 kg, fat thickness, and equivalent shrunk weight accounted for 93% of the variation. Dry matter requirement predicted by the system for individuals accounted for 48% of the variation in actual DMI with a 3% overprediction bias. The equations allow the user to allocate feed to individual animals in group-feeding environments along with marketing cattle on an individual basis at optimum endpoints given cattle types, feeding costs, and market prices.
Dielectric behaviour of adsorbed water films on the ?-Fe2O3 surface (1970)

The electrical capacitance at 70 c/s to 300 kc/s of physically adsorbed water on α-Fe2O3 is constant within the monolayer volume but rises abruptly at low frequencies with the onset of a second layer. This behaviour suggests that the first layer of physically adsorbed water is immobile, but that succeeding layers are mobile. Characteristic relaxation frequencies obtained from Cole-Cole arc plots increase smoothly from 10 c/s to 10 kc/s at B.E.T. coverages of three or higher. Three intermediate stages in the build-up of the adsorbed water film are suggested : an immobile layer of physically adsorbed water doubly hydrogen bonded to the underlying hydroxyl layer, a more loosely held second layer of water on the average singly hydrogen bonded, and finally ordered ice-like layers. Dielectric activation energies calculated from the temperature dependence of the characteristic frequency give further evidence for a structured adsorbate. At 2½ layers, the activation energy is 16 kcal/mol, a value near that characteristic of dipole rotation in bulk ice. With increased coverage, the activation energy increases toward 25 kcal/mol, suggestive of increased interaction between adsorbate dipoles.
Quantum algorithm for credit valuation adjustments (2022)

Abstract Quantum mechanics is well known to accelerate statistical sampling processes over classical techniques. In quantitative finance, statistical samplings arise broadly in many use cases. Here we focus on a particular one of such use cases, credit valuation adjustment (CVA), and identify opportunities and challenges towards quantum advantage for practical instances. To build a NISQ-friendly quantum circuit able to solve such problem, we draw on various heuristics that indicate the potential for significant improvement over well-known techniques such as reversible logical circuit synthesis. In minimizing the resource requirements for amplitude amplification while maximizing the speedup gained from the quantum coherence of a noisy device, we adopt a recently developed Bayesian variant of quantum amplitude estimation using engineered likelihood functions. We perform numerical analyses to characterize the prospect of quantum speedup in concrete CVA instances over classical Monte Carlo simulations.
System for Managing a Shared Domain Registry (2010)

This document describes the typical usage and communication protocol
of a client/server shared system for management of domain
name registrations. The system described is a thick registry system,
providing support for the storage and management of both the technical
and the registrant contact information concerning domain
registrations. The system relies on the existing HTTP and HTTPS
infrastructure for transport and secure transfer to avoid having to
implement a dedicated protocol and server environment. A bespoke XML
format is used to communicate between clients and the SRS server.
Comments are solicited and should be addressed to the author:
matt@nzrs.net.nz
Electron-Spin Resonance of Nitrogen Donors in Diamond (1959)

Electron-spin resonance of bound substitutional nitrogen donors in diamond is observed and discussed. The $g$ factor is isotropic at 2.0024\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005. For a given donor, one of the C-N bond directions is a hyperfine axis with constants $A=40.8$ oersteds, $B=29.2$ oersteds. There are thus four types of donors, equally abundant. A model for the donor wave function is proposed which puts the donor electron principally into an antibonding orbital located on a nitrogen atom and on one of its nearest-neighbor carbon atoms. A C-N bond distortion results which can be regarded as a manifestation of the Jahn-Teller effect. A careful search reveals the presence of an additional weak spectrum due to donors on ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$-${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ pairs. (The isotope ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ which has a nuclear spin of \textonehalf{} has a natural abundance of 1.1%.) The hyperfine constants measured for a ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ atom of an N-C pair are ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}=60.8$ oersteds, ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}}=25.3$ oersteds. The $s$ and $p$ contributions to all 4 measured hyperfine constants are separated to give the values ${O}_{\mathrm{N}}=(\frac{8\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}){{|\ensuremath{\psi}(0)|}^{2}}_{\mathrm{N}}=2.41 \mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{units},$ ${P}_{\mathrm{N}}={〈\frac{[{z}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}({x}^{2}+{y}^{2})]}{{r}^{5}}〉}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.28 \mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{unit},$ ${O}_{\mathrm{C}}=(\frac{8\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}){{|\ensuremath{\psi}(0)|}^{2}}_{\mathrm{C}}=0.78 \mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{unit},$ ${P}_{\mathrm{C}}={〈\frac{[{z}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}({x}^{2}+{y}^{2})]}{{r}^{5}}〉}_{\mathrm{C}}=0.25 \mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{unit}.$ These are compared with theoretical values obtained by assuming a simple antibonding wave function composed of nitrogen and carbon tetrahedral orbitals. An increase of several percent in the N-C separation along the hyperfine axis is strongly implied by the comparison.
Ovulation in Plasminogen-Deficient Mice (1999)

Many different studies suggest that plasmin generated from plasminogen plays a crucial role in the degradation of the follicular wall at the time of ovulation. We have assessed the physiological relevance of plasmin on ovulation by studying plasminogen-deficient mice. Ovulation efficiency (mean number of ova released per mouse) was determined both in a standardized ovulation model in which 25-day-old immature mice were injected with finite amounts of gonadotropins to induce ovulation and during physiological ovulation using adult normally cycling mice. Our results revealed that the temporal onset of follicular wall rupture (first ova observed in bursa or oviduct) was not delayed in plasminogen-deficient mice during gonadotropin-induced ovulation. However, there was a trend toward slightly reduced ovulation efficiency in the plasminogen-deficient mice. This reduction was only 13% and not statistically significant (P = 0.084) and may be connected to a delayed maturation of these mice manifested in reduced body and ovary weights. During physiological ovulation adult plasminogen-deficient mice had normal ovulation efficiency compared with plasminogen wild-type mice. Taken together our results indicate that under the conditions used in this study plasmin is not required for efficient follicular rupture or for activation of other proteases involved in this process. Alternatively, the role of plasmin may be effectively compensated for by other mechanisms in the absence of plasmin.
TensorDIMM: A Practical Near-Memory Processing Architecture for Embeddings and Tensor Operations in Deep Learning (2019)

Recent studies from several hyperscalars pinpoint to embedding layers as the most memory-intensive deep learning (DL) algorithm being deployed in today's datacenters. This paper addresses the memory capacity and bandwidth challenges of embedding layers and the associated tensor operations. We present our vertically integrated hardware/software co-design, which includes a custom DIMM module enhanced with near-data processing cores tailored for DL tensor operations. These custom DIMMs are populated inside a GPU-centric system interconnect as a remote memory pool, allowing GPUs to utilize for scalable memory bandwidth and capacity expansion. A prototype implementation of our proposal on real DL systems shows an average 6.2-17.6x performance improvement on state-of-the-art recommender systems.
Research of heat dissipation of RGB-LED backlighting system on LCD (2009)

Heat dissipation is a very important subject during the design of RGB-LED backlighting system on LCD because the heat produced by modern LEDs themselves can excessively influence their characteristics. This paper reports on a new substrate technology that offers significant benefits over conventional polymer-based insulated metal substrates (IMS). This new type of insulated aluminum substrate printed circuit board (PCB) consists of a thermally-conductive aluminum alloy substrate that insulated by a thin, chemically grown, anodized dielectric layer. Circuit is formed above the anodized layer with magnetron sputtering technology. The corresponding thermal resistances of the new and conventional insulated metal substrate printed circuit board (PCB) are measured to be 4.78degC /W and 7.61degC/W, respectively. More heat transfer means more reliable product, less light reduction and less material consumption because of eliminating the need for additional heat sinks.
Functionalization of graphene sheets through fullerene attachment (2011)

Fullerene-functionalized graphene shows a hierarchical structure, and is promising for many potential applications. In this paper, a new method is presented to synthesize such a novel nanostructure. Graphite flakes were intercalated to graphite oxide, and then functionalized with zero-dimensional fullerene nanocrystals. The resultant compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization results confirmed that fullerene crystals were successfully attached onto the single-layer graphene sheets and significantly facilitated the exfoliation of graphite to monolayer graphene. The fullerene grafted on the graphene surface serves as a space impediment to prevent the re-stacking of exfoliated graphene sheets. This attempt provides an effective route for large-scale exfoliation and functionalization of monolayer graphene, and is expected to significantly facilitate the application of graphene in the electronic devices, energy storage, and functional materials.
Photoinduced fluorescence enhancement in colloidal CdSeTe∕ZnS core/shell quantum dots (2008)

Photoinduced fluorescence enhancement (PFE) in colloidal CdSeTe∕ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) was investigated by monitoring ensemble fluorescence and single-QD fluorescence blinking behavior upon illumination. Ensemble fluorescence was increased in air and in vacuum with different enhanced factors. At the single-QD levels, fluorescence was also enhanced for some individual QDs. Relatively long on times, high quantum yields within the on times, and multilevel on states were found in fluorescence time traces. We suggest that the PFE origin from single-QD viewpoint is attributed to the contributions of surface passivation by photoinduced charged carriers and the formation of neutral core/charged shell QD states.
Measurement of cardiac output using near-infrared heating of blood (1997)

Thermodilution-based cardiac output measurements are made using iced saline or blood heated by resistive heating as a dilutable indicator. Because near-infrared irradiation penetrates sufficiently deeply into blood, it can safely deposit up to six times the energy of a resistive heater, improving the accuracy of the measurements while continuously monitoring cardiac output. We have developed a prototype system using 980 nm diode lasers to irradiate blood through a diffuser. This system was tested using an optical blood phantom and was compared to iced-saline injection and resistive heating. Three flow estimates were made at each of 18 combinations of stroke rate, stroke volume, and systole/diastole ratios. Accuracy was determined by the quality of the fit between the estimated flows and the actual flow. Reproducibility was determined by the normalized standard deviation. Results: Measurements made by saline injection were the most accurate (R<SUP>2</SUP> equals 0.982) and reproducible (NSD equals 2.8%). Power limitations on the resistive heating to ensure a safe blood temperature limited its accuracy (R<SUP>2</SUP> equals 0.537) and reproducibility (NSD equals 18.1%). Laser-based heating showed reasonable accuracy and reproducibility (R<SUP>2</SUP> equals 0.950, NSD equals 7.8%). Laser heating thus represents a potentially more accurate alternative to saline injection for cardiac output measurement than does resistive heating.
Six Ways to Improve Middle School Morale and Enthusiasm (1971)

1 . The school exists as an institution dedicated to helping students pro gress at their own learning speed with the needs of the individual as the most important criteria. 2. Teachers in the middle school are student-oriented first and subject oriented second. 3. Students have a wide variance in social, academic, and motivation al levels and require consideration as human beings when policies and programs are structured.
Absolute Bioavailability and Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2005)

Chronic pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The macrolide antibiotics exhibit immunomodulatory and antivirulence activity. Clinical trials with azithromycin in CF have demonstrated significant improvements in pulmonary function and decreased hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of azithromycin in patients with CF and controls. The study was conducted as an open-label, parallel, two-period crossover study involving 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with CF. Period 1 examined the serum PK following a single oral and intravenous dose, while period 2 examined the intracellular PK following multiple-dose oral administration. CF subjects differed significantly from controls based on weight (53.1 versus 71.0 kg; P < 0.01) and body mass index (19.7 versus 23.2; P < 0.01), respectively. Ninety-two percent of CF patients were pancreatic insufficient and were receiving pancreatic enzymes. The rate (time to reach maximum serum drug concentration, 3.0 versus 3.0 h; P = 0.78) and extent of absorption (absolute bioavailability, 34.2 versus 42.8%; P = 0.37) were similar in patients with CF and controls, respectively. Distribution to the tissues (rate of drug transfer from the central to the peripheral compartment, 1.22 versus 0.759 h(-1); P = 0.03) and elimination (rate of elimination from the central compartment, 0.693 versus 0.492 h(-1); P < 0.01) were more rapid in the healthy volunteers than in the CF subjects, respectively. Mononuclear cell concentrations (15.2 +/- 6.0 mg/liter) far exceeded the maximum serum drug concentration ( approximately 50-fold), demonstrating significant intracellular accumulation. These results indicate no alteration in dosage of azithromycin is necessary in patients with CF taking pancreatic enzymes.