gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A surface plasmon resonance assay for characterisation and epitope mapping of anti‐GLP‐1 antibodies (2018)

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been subject to substantial pharmaceutical research regarding the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, quantification of GLP-1 levels remains complicated due to the low circulation concentration and concurrent existence of numerous metabolites, homologous peptides, and potentially introduced GLP-1 receptor agonists. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) facilitates real-time monitoring allowing a more detailed characterisation of the interaction compared with conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In this paper, we describe the development of the first SPR assays for characterisation of anti-GLP-1 antibodies for ELISA purposes. Binding responses were obtained on covalently immobilised anti-GLP-1 antibodies at 12°C, 25°C, and 40°C and fitted to a biomolecular (1:1) interaction model showing association rates of 1.01 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 4.54 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and dissociation rates of 3.56 × 10<sup>-5</sup> to 1.56 × 10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> leading to affinities of 35.2 to 344 nM, depending on the temperature. Determination of thermodynamic properties revealed an enthalpy driven interaction (ΔH < ΔS < 0) with higher affinities at lower temperatures due to the formation and stabilisation of hydrogen bonds within the binding site primarily composed of polar amino acids (ΔC<sub>p</sub> < 0). Pair-wise epitope mapping was performed on captured anti-GLP-1 antibodies followed by subsequent interaction with GLP-1 (7-36) and other anti-GLP-1 antibodies. A global evaluation of every binding response led to an epitope map elucidating the potential of various anti-GLP-1 antibody pairs for sandwich ELISA and hence pinpointing the optimal antibody combinations. The SPR assays proved capable of providing vital information for ELISA development endorsing it as a useful optimisation tool.
Second Harmonic Generation Of Slab Lasers (1987)

Techniques and results for high second harmonic conversion efficiencies (>60%) of solid state lasers, using a single KD*P crystal are presented. This 60% approaches the theoretical limit for beams with both a Gaussian temporal and spatial profile. Designs using segmented transverse flow cooled plates, which are capable of handling the high average powers available from slab laser systems, are also discussed.
Structural factors influencing rotational isomerism and alkylation properties in some .alpha.-haloacetanilides (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural factors influencing rotational isomerism and alkylation properties in some .alpha.-haloacetanilidesJohn P. Chupp, John F. Olin, and Helen K. LandwehrCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 5, 1192–1197Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01257a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01257a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thiophene- and Selenophene-Based Heteroacenes:  Combined Quantum Chemical DFT and Spectroscopic Raman and UV−Vis−NIR Study (2007)

In this article, we report the characterization of a series of thiophene- and selenophene-based heteroacenes, materials with potential applications in organic electronics. In contrast to the usual alpha-oligothiophenes, these annelated oligomers have a larger band gap than most semiconductors currently used in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and therefore they are expected to be more stable in air. The synthesis of these fused-ring molecular materials was motivated by the notion that a more rigid and planar structure should reduce defects (such as torsion about single bonds between alpha-linked units or S-syn defects) and thus improve pi-conjugation for better charge-carrier mobility. The conjugational properties of these heteroacenes have been investigated by means of FT-Raman spectroscopy, revealing that pi-conjugation increases with the increasing number of annelated rings. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations have been performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, to assess information regarding the minimum-energy molecular structure, topologies, and absolute energies of the frontier molecular orbitals around the gap, vibrational normal modes related to the main Raman features, and vertical one-electron excitations giving rise to the main optical absorptions.
Seeing Beyond Luminance: A Psychophysical Comparison of Techniques for Converting Colour Images to Greyscale (2007)

Colours are usually described using three perceptual variables: an achromatic variable, such as lightness or luminance, and two “chromatic” varibles, such as chroma and hue. This means that the conversion of colour images to greyscale is often thought of as the removal of “chromatic information”, which leaves a greyscale made by just the achromatic colour variable; i.e. luminance or lightness. One obvious problem with this approach is how to make a greyscale for equiluminant images, or images containing equiluminant object boundaries.In this paper we review some of the more recent attempts to tackle the colour-to-greyscale problem. We then use an image preference experiment to test the performance of these methods on a selected set of images; some of which lose a significant amount of information when converted to greyscale using luminance, and others which do not. The results show that, in general, the newer techniques can provide a greyscale image which is preferred to that derived by luminance, especially for images that have prominent equiluminant boundaries. The results also show that this advantage is not guaranteed for every image, and that no particular algorithm provides consistently better performance than the others.
Oral micro-organisms in the etiology of cancer (2008)

We present a novel concept on carcinogenesis mediated by oral microbiota. Oral micro-organisms are capable of metabolizing alcohol to acetaldehyde. This finding casts light on the observed association between poor oral hygiene and oral cancer. Ethanol, as such, is not carcinogenic, but its first metabolite acetaldehyde is indisputably carcinogenic. Several gastro-intestinal microbial species possess the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which is also the enzyme responsible for alcohol metabolism in the liver. In oral microbiota, we observed that species such as the ubiquitous viridans streptococci and Candida also possess ADH. Ethanol can be detected in the mouth hours after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Patients with poor oral health status have shown higher salivary acetaldehyde concentrations than those with better oral health. It is thus understandable that ADH-containing micro-organisms in the mouth present a risk for carcinogenic acetaldehyde production, with subsequent potential for the development of oral cancer, particularly among heavy drinkers. In this article, we briefly review this area of investigation and conclude by highlighting some future possibilities for the control of carcinogenesis.
Molecular genetic studies of a 10.9-kb operon in<i>Escherichia coli</i>for phosphonate uptake and biodegradation (1992)

Bacteria that use phosphonates as a phosphorus source must be able to break the stable carbon-phosphorus bond. In Escherichia coli phosphonates are broken down by a C-P lyase that has a broad substrate specificity. Evidence for a lyase is based on in vivo studies of product formation because it has been proven difficult to detect the activity in vitro. By using molecular genetic techniques, we have studied the genes for phosphonate uptake and degradation in E. coli, which are organized in an operon of 14 genes, named phnC to phnP. As expected for genes involved in P acquisition, the phnC-phnP operon is a member of the PHO regulon and is induced many hundred-fold during phosphate limitation. Three gene products (PhnC, PhnD and PhnE) comprise a binding protein-dependent phosphonate transporter, which also transports phosphate, phosphite, and certain phosphate esters such as phosphoserine; two gene products (PhnF and PhnO) may have a role in gene regulation; and nine gene products (PhnG, PhnH, PhnI, PhnJ, PhnK, PhnL, PhnM, PhnN, and PhnP) probably comprise a membrane-associated C-P lyase enzyme complex. Although E. coli can degrade many different phosphonates, the ability to use certain phosphonates appears to be limited by the specificity of the PhnCDE transporter and not by the specificity of the C-P lyase.
Heats of Adsorption for Seven Gases in Three Metal−Organic Frameworks: Systematic Comparison of Experiment and Simulation (2009)

The heat of adsorption is an important parameter for gas separation and storage applications in porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). There are, however, few systematic studies available in the MOF literature. Many papers report results for only one MOF and often only for a single gas. In this work, systematic experimental measurements by TAP-2 are reported for the heats of adsorption of seven gases in three MOFs. The gases are Kr, Xe, N2, CO2, CH4, n-C4H10, and i-C4H10. The MOFs studied are IRMOF-1, IRMOF-3, and HKUST-1. The data set provides a valuable test for molecular simulation. The simulation results suggest that structural differences in HKUST-1 experimental samples may lead to differing heats of adsorption.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WORKING AREA OBTAINED BY ENDOSCOPE AND MICROSCOPE IN VARIOUS APPROACHES TO THE ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY COMPLEX USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY–BASED FRAMELESS STEREOTAXY (2009)

In our model, use of the endoscope, in an assistive manner to microscopic surgery, provided a working area advantage without loss of microneurosurgical techniques of dissection or of depth perception in the surgical field. This advantage was most prominent when smaller craniotomies were used.
Construction of database for three-dimensional human tooth models and its ability for education and research - Carious tooth models - (2010)

To construct a human teeth database which is freely available to researchers and students, three-dimensional human tooth models were generated in a previous study, by means of micro-CT, from 35 human teeth extracted during orthodontic treatment. In this study, X-ray images of 55 extracted human teeth were acquired using three-dimensional micro-CT at a resolution of 50x50x50 microm, and then visualized using a numerical data visualization software. These carious tooth models provided insight into the morphology and progression of carious defects as well as a rare insight into the morphology of carious tooth pulp, therefore rendering them as a useful tool and efficient method for dental students' learning. Moreover, these three-dimensional models could be simultaneously observed and used by many students and researchers at any one time, which was a superior advantage than having only one actual tooth for learning and study by many.
Loop avoidance using Segment Routing (2020)

This document presents a mechanism aimed at providing loop avoidance
in the case of IGP network convergence event. The solution relies on
the temporary use of SR policies ensuring loop-freeness over the post-
convergence paths from the converging node to the destination.
Synthesis, solvolytic stability and cytotoxicity of a modified derivative of CPzI, a pyrazole analog of the alkylation subunit of the antitumor agent CC-1065: effect of the nitrogen substitution on the functional reactivity. (1997)

The synthesis and the comparative preliminary biological evaluation of a new pyrazole analog (16) of the CC-1065 alkylating unit (CPI) are described. This new derivative showed low cytotoxicity against L1210 murine leukemia (IC50 3064 nM) with respect to reference compound, but contrarily to literature data, was found to be more stable to solvolysis than the natural derivative (+/-)-N-Boc-CPI (pH 3, t1/2 = 212 h vs. 37 h). The results of such investigation showed that alkylation of the pyrazole nitrogen caused a loss of cytotoxic activity in vitro against tumor cells. This experimental observation allowed us to confirm the importance of free N-H for the anticellular activity.
House Flies and Pig Manure Volatiles: Wind Tunnel Behavioral Studies and Electrophysiological Evaluations' (1996)

Nine compounds from the headspace of fresh pig manure were identified as elcctrophysiologically active on virgin female house Oy (Mu.sca domeslico L.) antennae, and mixtures of these compounds attracted female house nics in wind-tunnel behavioral assays. Identification was accomplished by using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC·EACl recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (Ge­ MS) analysis, elec:iroantennographic (EAG) assays of standards, and wind tunnel behavioral studies. The pig manure volatiles eliciting responses from female antennae were butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, dimcthyldisulfide, dimethyltrisulfide. dimethyltetrasullide, phenol, benzencethnnol. indole, and 3·methylindole. )n EAG dose-response tests butanoic acid, 3-methylbutnnoic acid, indole, and 3-methylindole elicited the highest responses on female house fly antennae, and dimethylLrisulfide, phenol, and benzeneethanol elicited more moderate responses. )n wind-Lunnel behavioral studies, female house nies new upwind in the plume and landed on the source in response to pig manure volatiles. The ability of individual EAG-active compounds to attract female house flies was not significantly gteater than that of the control. However, two mixtures, one comprised of seven EAG-adivc compounds and a second made up of only three compounds, were capable of attracting female nics in a similar manner as found with pig manur·c. The behavioral significance of these compounds as potential attractants is discussed.
L-Rhamnose Is Often an Important Part of Immunodominant Epitope for Pneumococcal Serotype 23F Polysaccharide Antibodies in Human Sera Immunized with PPV23 (2013)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen which expresses more than 90 serologically distinct capsular polysaccharides (PS) on the surface. Since pneumococcal PSs elicit protective antibodies against pneumococcal diseases, it is important to identify the immunological epitope eliciting anti-pneumococcal PS antibodies. L-rhamnose is a part of the 23 F PS repeating unit and is known to be a critical part of immunodominant epitope which elicits antibodies against pneumococcal serotype 23 F PS. In order to determine if L-rhamnose is a part of epitope recognized by functional antibodies specific for serotype 23 F PS in human serum samples, we evaluated the opsonophagocytic killing of serotype 23 F pneumococci by serum antibodies specific for L-rhamnose. Using 10 mM L-rhamnose, opsonic capacities (opsonic indices) of serum antibodies were inhibited by 60% in 19 sera (36%) and 30-60% in 16 sera (30%) out of 53 sera from young and old adults immunized with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Interestingly, when IgM antibodies were depleted from immune sera in order to preferentially study IgG antibodies, the proportion of young adult sera showing more than 60% inhibition in opsonic capacity by 10 mM of L-rhamnose increased from 33% (11/31) to 68% (21/31). On the other hand, IgM depletion did not alter the proportion for old adult sera. Therefore, young and old adults may produce different antigen binding profiles of IgG antibodies against serotype 23 F PS.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Induces Osteoblast Apoptosis and Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation (2008)

Long-term treatment of mice or humans with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is associated with a clinically significant osteopenia characterized by increased osteoclast activity and number. In addition, recent reports have observed a decrease in number of mature osteoblasts during G-CSF administration. However, neither the extent of G-CSF's suppressive effect on the osteoblast compartment nor its mechanisms are well understood. Herein, we show that short-term G-CSF treatment in mice leads to decreased numbers of endosteal and trabecular osteoblasts. The effect is specific to mature osteoblasts, because bone-lining cells, osteocytes, and periosteal osteoblasts are unaffected. G-CSF treatment accelerates osteoblast turnover in the bone marrow by inducing osteoblast apoptosis. In addition, whereas G-CSF treatment sharply increases osteoprogenitor number, differentiation of mature osteoblasts is impaired. Bone marrow transplantation studies show that G-CSF acts through a hematopoietic intermediary to suppress osteoblasts. Finally, G-CSF treatment, through suppression of mature osteoblasts, also leads to a marked decrease in osteoprotegerin expression in the bone marrow, whereas expression of RANKL remains relatively constant, suggesting a novel mechanism contributing to the increased osteoclastogenesis seen with long-term G-CSF treatment. In sum, these findings suggest that the hematopoietic system may play a novel role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis during G-CSF treatment.
Optimization of a door seal structure of a microwave oven using a FDTD method (2008)

Abstract The optimum door seal configuration to prevent radiation leakage from a microwave oven is still a manufacturing concern. Here, we propose a numerical algorithm to simulate the radiation propagation along a door seal structure using the finite‐difference time domain method, which is used for a priori shielding efficiency tests. The results agree with experimental data. The critical dimensions of the choke structure were found and high shielding is anticipated for a simpler choke structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal denaturation of T4 gene 32 protein: effects of zinc removal and substitution (1988)

Gene 32 protein (g32P), the single-stranded (ss) DNA binding protein from bacteriophage T4, is a zinc metalloprotein. The intrinsic zinc is one of the factors required for the protein to bind cooperatively to a ssDNA lattice. We have used differential scanning calorimetry to determine how the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the denaturation of g32P are affected by removal or substitution of the intrinsic zinc. Over a wide concentration range (1-10 mg/mL), the native Zn(II) protein unfolds at a tm of 55 degrees C with an associated mean enthalpy change of 139 kcal mol-1. Under the same conditions, the metal-free apoprotein denatures over a relatively broader temperature range centered at 49 degrees C, with a mean enthalpy change of 84 kcal mol-1. Substitution of Zn(II) in g32P by either Cd(II) or Co(II) does not significantly change the enthalpy of denaturation but does affect the thermal stability of the protein. All metallo forms of g32P when bound to poly(dT) undergo highly cooperative denaturational transitions characterized by asymmetric differential scanning calorimetry peaks with increases in tm of 4-5 degrees C compared to the unliganded metalloprotein. Removal of the metal ion from g32P significantly reduces the cooperativity of binding to poly(dT) [Giedroc, D. P., Keating, K. M., Williams, K. R., & Coleman, J. E. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 5251-5259], and presumably as a consequence of this, apo-g32P shows no change in either the shape or the midpoint of the thermal transition on binding to poly(dT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) polymerase in peripheral blood leukocytes from normal donors and patients with malignancies. (1995)

A two-color flow cytometric technique was developed to analyze poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP) in different individuals as a function of different physiological or pathological conditions and to establish the basis for determining whether enzyme deficiency may predispose to degenerative or malignant disorders. Peripheral blood granulocytes were devoid of enzyme activity, whereas mononuclear cells had variable amounts. PADPRP was highest in B cells, intermediate in T cells, and lowest in monocytes. This pattern of enzyme distribution and relative enzyme content of different types of cells was remarkably constant in normal subjects. In a series of 66 normal donors there was no significant biological variation in enzyme content as a function of age, race, or sex. The mean PADPRP values in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 81 random patient samples obtained from an ambulatory oncology clinic did not differ significantly from normal subjects. However, groups of patients with breast cancer, lymphocytic malignancies, and esophageal cancer were observed to have below normal levels for peripheral blood mononuclear cell PADPRP.
Characterization of scraper-shaped defects on 4H-SiC epitaxial film surfaces (2014)

We have found undiscovered defects on a 4H-SiC epitaxial layer, the shape of which resembles a scraper in images taken by confocal differential interference contrast optical microscopy. The surface morphological structure and formation mechanism of the scraper-shaped defects were investigated by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence monochromatic synchrotron X-ray topography, respectively. The scraper-shaped defects were surface morphological defects consisting of surface asperity and were caused by the migration of interfacial dislocations. The evaluation of the thermal oxide reliability of metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors fabricated on these defects was performed by time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurement. The degradation of thermal oxide occurred only on the downstream line of the scraper-shaped defects. The thickness of the oxide layer on these defects was also investigated using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.