gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-time-password-authenticated key exchange (2009)

To reduce the damage of phishing and spyware attacks, banks, governments, and other security-sensitive industries are deploying one-time password systems, where users have many passwords and use each password only once. If a single password is compromised, it can be only be used to impersonate the user once, limiting the damage caused. However, existing practical approaches to one-time passwords have been susceptible to sophisticated phishing attacks. We give a formal security treatment of this important practical problem. We consider the use of onetime passwords in the context of password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE), which allows for mutual authentication, session key agreement, and resistance to phishing attacks. We describe a security model for the use of one-time passwords, explicitly considering the compromise of past (and future) one-time passwords, and show a general technique for building a secure one-time-PAKE protocol from any secure PAKE protocol. Our techniques also allow for the secure use of pseudorandomly generated and time-dependent passwords. 1
Egocentric 6-DoF Tracking of Small Handheld Objects (2018)

Virtual and augmented reality technologies have seen significant growth in the past few years. A key component of such systems is the ability to track the pose of head mounted displays and controllers in 3D space. We tackle the problem of efficient 6-DoF tracking of a handheld controller from egocentric camera perspectives. We collected the HMD Controller dataset which consist of over 540,000 stereo image pairs labelled with the full 6-DoF pose of the handheld controller. Our proposed SSD-AF-Stereo3D model achieves a mean average error of 33.5 millimeters in 3D keypoint prediction and is used in conjunction with an IMU sensor on the controller to enable 6-DoF tracking. We also present results on approaches for model based full 6-DoF tracking. All our models operate under the strict constraints of real time mobile CPU inference.
Ferroelectric HfZrOx-based MoS2 negative capacitance transistor with ITO capping layers for steep-slope device application (2018)

A negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) built with hafnium-based oxide is one of the most promising candidates for low power-density devices due to the extremely steep subthreshold swing (SS) and high on-state current induced by incorporating the ferroelectric material in the gate stack. Here, we demonstrated a two-dimensional (2D) back-gate NCFET with the integration of ferroelectric HfZrOx in the gate stack and few-layer MoS2 as the channel. Instead of using the conventional TiN capping metal to form ferroelectricity in HfZrOx, the NCFET was fabricated on a thickness-optimized Al2O3/indium tin oxide (ITO)/HfZrOx/ITO/SiO2/Si stack, in which the two ITO layers sandwiching the HfZrOx film acted as the control back gate and ferroelectric gate, respectively. The thickness of each layer in the stack was engineered for distinguishable optical identification of the exfoliated 2D flakes on the surface. The NCFET exhibited small off-state current and steep switching behavior with minimum SS as low as 47 mV/dec. Such a steep-slope transistor is compatible with the standard CMOS fabrication process and is very attractive for 2D logic and sensor applications and future energy-efficient nanoelectronic devices with scaling power supply.
A four‐gene biomarker predicts skin disease in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (2010)

We describe a 4-gene predictor of the MRSS and validate its performance. This objective measure of skin disease could provide a strong surrogate outcome measure for patient care and for clinical trials.
Molecular chaperones: heat-shock proteins, foldases, and matchmakers. (1994)

The term molecular chaperone includes a large family of unrelated proteins that comprise both stress-inducible and constitutive molecules. In recent years, molecular chaperones or heat-shock proteins (Hsps) have emerged as fundamentally important topics in cell biology. Living organisms respond to stressful conditions, such as heat shock, by rapidly producing a relatively small class of specific proteins that function to stabilize cellular components against stress. Hsps or molecular chaperones function by preventing misfolding of newly synthesized proteins, escorting proteins targeted for other cellular compartments, and modulating or regulating proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation. Clearly these proteins are of enormous importance to cellular function but of even more importance in helping to fight disease. From heart tissue protection after coronary thrombosis to the regulation of tumor suppressor activity to the use of these molecules as new diagnostic and therapeutic agents, molecular chaperones offer scientists many potential rewards. This review provides an insider's peek at molecular chaperones--a most indispensable set of molecules for cell growth, survival, and regulation.
Deformation-Induced Color Changes in Mechanochromic Polyethylene Blends (2007)

A detailed and systematic investigation of mechanochromic, melt-processed blends between a series of polyethylenes (PE) with crystallinities ranging from 9 to 66% and two excimer-forming, photoluminescent oligo(phenylenevinylene) dyes is described. A dramatic increase in the nucleation rate of dye aggregates, and therewith a decrease in the size of the aggregates, is observed upon grafting long alkyl tails onto the chromophore. The extent of color change observed upon deformation of these materials, and thus the ability of the polymer host to break up dye aggregates upon deformation, is related to the plastic deformation process of PE crystallitesspecifically those arranged in a lamellar morphologyand increases with increasing polymer crystallinity, decreasing dye aggregate size, and decreasing rates of deformation.
Treatment of Murine Cryptosporidiosis with Anticryptosporidial Immune Rat Bile (1994)

Persistent cryptosporidiosis was established in nu/nu BALB/c mice by oral inoculation with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The model was used to determine the impact of anticryptosporidial immune rat bile on the resolution of the disease. Presence of C. parvum-specific IgA in the immune rat bile was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infection of mice was verified by stool analysis for oocytes and by hematoxylin and eosin-stained intestinal sections from control mice (infected but untreated). Efficacy of treatment was determined in control and treated mice by analysis of identical, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the small intestine and cecum. Semi-quantitative comparisons were made by determining the percent of crypts infected with Cryptosporidium organisms. The scores of treated mice were significantly lower then controls. Microscopic analysis of intestinal sections showed less villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and fewer organisms per crypt in the immune bile-treated mice than in controls. These results support a role for humoral immunity in the eradication of cryptosporidiosis.
Galloway Memorial Lecture. Protein engineering of tumor necrosis factor-beta and its applications in cancer, septicaemia and cachexia. (1993)

The tumour necrosis factors (TNFs) are cytokines, small proteins produced by cells as part of the intercellular signalling network. The exact physiological role of TNFs is unknown, but interest in them focused on three of their capabilities: as potential anti-tumour agents, as humoral mediators of an organism's response to injury and as effector molecules in cachexia. The first TNF to be described, now known as TNF-alpha, has been relatively well studied because the recombinant protein was easily produced since it was cloned in 1984. Studies on TNF-beta or lymphotoxin were hampered by the inability of most groups to express the recombinant protein. This paper describes the expression and purification of recombinant TNF-beta in Escherichia coli, followed by studies to localise the receptor binding site of the molecule through site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants with single amino acid changes at either of two distinct loop regions, at positions aspartic acid-50 or tyrosine-108, were found to have greatly reduced receptor binding and cytotoxic activity. These two regions in TNF-beta correspond to known loop regions where mutations also result in loss of biological activity of TNF-alpha, a related cytokine which shares the same cellular receptors with TNF-beta. This provides evidence for a new hypothesis that both the TNFs bind to their receptors as trimers, each of which is capable of binding simultaneously to three receptors. This leads further to the intriguing possibility of a new mechanism of receptor clustering through simultaneous binding to a single ligand.
2A2-B02 Development of an Implantable Wireless ECoG Recording Device : Performance Investigation of the first Prototype(Sense, Motion and Measurement(2)) (2012)

Brain Machine Interface (BMI) is a system that assumes user's intention by analyzing user's brain activities and control devices with the assumed intention. It is considered as one of prospective tools to enhance paralyzed patients' quality of life. In our group, we especially focus on ECoG (electro-corti-gram)-BMI, which requires surgery to place electrodes on the cortex. We try to implant all the devices within the patient's head and abdomen and to transmit the data and power wirelessly. Our device consists of 5 parts: (1) High-density multi-electrodes with a 3D shaped sheet fitting to the individual brain surface to effectively record the ECoG signals; (2) A small circuit board with two integrated circuit chips functioning 128 [ch] analogue amplifiers and A/D converters for ECoG signals; (3) A wireless data communication & control device with the PC installing its dedicated software. At the present stage, the Bluetooth chips are temporally applied; (4) A non-contact power supply transmitting electrical power minimum 4[W] to the device 10-40[mm] away. We developed those devices, integrated them, and, investigated the performance.
The COX-2/PGI2 Receptor Axis Plays an Obligatory Role in Mediating the Cardioprotection Conferred by the Late Phase of Ischemic Preconditioning (2012)

This is the first study to demonstrate that targeted disruption of the COX-2 gene completely abrogates the infarct-sparing effect of late PC, and that the IP, downstream of the COX-2/prostanoid pathway, is a key mediator of the late PC. These results provide unequivocal molecular genetic evidence for an essential role of the COX-2/PGI2 receptor axis in the cardioprotection afforded by the late PC.
Impact of ultraviolet light during rapid thermal diffusion (1998)

Rapid thermal processing for junction formation is emerging as a low cost technique for solar cell as well as for other semiconductor device production. Compared to conventional furnace processing, process differences are not only in very high heating and cooling rates, but also in the incoherent emitted radiation spectrum, which can act on dopant diffusion. The photons emitted from tungsten halogen lamps go from far ultraviolet, over visible to infrared light. In this work additional mercury ultraviolet lamps are used during rapid thermal annealing to analyze the influence of high energetic photons on diffusion mechanisms. The diffusion results are discussed in terms of radiation spectrum, involving analysis of diffusion profiles and sheet resistances.
Chirality of Coiled Coils: Elasticity Matters (2008)

Coiled coils are important protein-protein interaction motifs with high specificity that are used to assemble macromolecular complexes. Their simple geometric organization, consisting of alpha helices wrapped around each other, confers remarkable mechanical properties. A geometrical and mechanical continuous model taking into account sequence effects and based on the superhelical winding of the constituent helices is introduced, and a continuous family of solutions in which the oligomerization interactions are satisfied is derived. From these solutions, geometric and structural properties, such as the chirality and pitch of the coiled coil and the location of residues, are obtained. The theoretical predictions are compared to x-ray data from the leucine zipper motif.
A constraint-based approach to table structure derivation (2005)

This paper presents an approach to deriving an abstractgeometric model of a table from a physical representation.The technique developed uses a graph of constraints betweencells which must be satisfied in order to determinetheir relative horizontal and vertical position. The methodis evaluated with a test set of tables drawn from US Securitiesand Exchange Commission (SEC) filings.
Recovering distance information in spectral domain interferometry (2018)

This work evaluates the performance of the Complex Master Slave (CMS) method, that processes the spectra at the interferometer output of a spectral domain interferometry device without involving Fourier transforms (FT) after data acquisition. Reliability and performance of CMS are compared side by side with the conventional method based on FT, phase calibration with dispersion compensation (PCDC). We demonstrate that both methods provide similar results in terms of resolution and sensitivity drop-off. The mathematical operations required to produce CMS results are highly parallelizable, allowing real-time, simultaneous delivery of data from several points of different optical path differences in the interferometer, not possible via PCDC.
Silicon Selective Epitaxial Growth over Thick SiO<sub>2</sub> Islands (1987)

Silicon selective epitaxial overgrowth from a seed area to thick SiO 2 islands top surface using chemical vapor deposition method was studied. A single crystal silicon layer on SiO 2 islands without stacking faults was obtained on {100} and {110} oriented wafers. Lateral to vertical growth ratio is influenced by the substrate orientation and the striped pattern sidewall orientation. Facet planes appearing at a lateral growth front are caused by the growth rate anisotropy.
On-Line Electrodialytic Salt Removal in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Proteins (2010)

Salts and buffers, commonly used in isolation and stabilization of biological analytes, have a deleterious effect on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Excessive concentrations of salts lead to ion suppression and adduct formation, which mask or complicate ion signals. In this work, we describe a salt remover (SR), configured as a three-compartment flow-through system, where the central compartment is separated from the outer compartments by a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and an anion-exchange membrane (AEM). One platinum electrode is placed in each of the outer compartments, where water or electrolyte is flowing. The CEM electrode is held at a negative potential relative to the AEM side; cations/anions migrate by electrophoresis to the CEM/AEM receiver liquids, respectively. Proteins have poorer electrophoretic mobility relative to the buffer components, permitting removal of the salt. The salt-free proteins proceed to the ESI source. The capillary scale SR (internal volume 2.5 μL) described here effectively desalted continuous flows of NaCl solutions (200 mequiv/L at 1 μL/min, equivalent to a flux of 200 nequiv/min with 88% efficiency) and achieved >99.8% salt removal with 154 mM NaCl (isotonic saline) at 1 μL/min. With optimized current, >80% of concurrently present 20 μM protein was transmitted. Desalting efficiency and analyte loss was evaluated with different salt concentration and flow rate combinations under different applied current. Good-quality ESI-MS spectra of cytochrome c, myoglobin, and lysozyme as test proteins in a saline solution, passed through the SR, are demonstrated.
Diffusion barrier properties of TiN films for submicron silicon bipolar technologies (1992)

We have studied the properties of reactively sputtered TiN films used as diffusion barriers for Al-Cu metallization in submicron bipolar transistors. Emitter-base diodes with shallow junctions were fabricated to monitor the integrity of the barrier via junction leakage measurements. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology and step coverage of these films, and also for barrier failure analysis. The effectiveness of the barrier depends on both the nominal thickness of the TiN layer and on the device dimensions. For thin TiN layers (∼47 nm), high junction leakage was observed on narrow emitters (0.5 μm) but not on wide emitters (5 μm). These observations highlight the reliability and yield concerns associated with the use of sputtered TiN films for deep submicron technologies. In some cases, low-temperature (500 °C) epitaxial alignment of the emitter polysilicon was observed, associated with Al penetration of the barrier. This indicates that the Al provides an enhancement of the tendency towards epitaxial alignment of the polysilicon grains. For thicker TiN layers (∼83 nm), low leakage was observed on both narrow and wide emitters, and no unusual epitaxial alignment was observed.
Design and fabrication of a MEMS-based multi-sensor (2008)

In this paper, a newly-designed tamper detection multi-sensor with various functions is proposed. The multi-sensor consists of three different sensors, a piezoresistive sensor with and without mass, a proximity sensor, and a photodiode sensor, which use MEMS technology. The various components of the multi-sensor, could perceive different types of external tampers independently, resulting in more reliable responses. The multi-sensor could be applied to detect external tampers on various types of system and mobile units.
Modeling electrical activity of myocardial cells incorporating the effects of ephaptic coupling (2010)

Existing models of electrical activity in myocardial tissue are unable to easily capture the effects of ephaptic coupling. Homogenized models do not account for cellular geometry, while detailed spatial models are too complicated to simulate in three dimensions. Here we propose a unique model that accurately captures the geometric effects while being computationally efficient. We use this model to provide an initial study of the effects of changes in extracellular geometry, gap junctional coupling, and sodium ion channel distribution on propagation velocity in a single 1D strand of cells. In agreement with previous studies, we find that ephaptic coupling increases propagation velocity at low gap junctional conductivity while it decreases propagation at higher conductivities. We also find that conduction velocity is relatively insensitive to gap junctional coupling when sodium ion channels are located entirely on the cell ends and cleft space is small. The numerical efficiency of this model, verified by comparison with more detailed simulations, allows a thorough study in parameter variation and shows that cellular structure and geometry has a nontrivial impact on propagation velocity. This model can be relatively easily extended to higher dimensions while maintaining numerical efficiency and incorporating ephaptic effects through modeling of complex, irregular cellular geometry.
TMN Implementation Issues - Introduction (1994)

Dual block HER2 assessment can effectively increase the HER2 positive rate in resected specimens of gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study is to explore whether GC patients with extra gained HER2 positivity by dual block assessment can benefit from trastuzumab therapy. Twenty-eight GC patients receiving gastrectomy prior to trastuzumab treatment were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases routinely accepted dual block HER2 assessment. The cases were divided into 2 cohorts based on HER2 status: cohort A with concordant HER2 results and cohort B with discordant HER2 results between the two blocks (cases with extra gained HER2 positivity). Response rate (RR), progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two cohorts. The results showed that no significant differences were found between the two cohorts in main clinicopathologic characteristics. No statistical difference was found in response rate (47.6% <i>vs</i> 57.1%) (<i>P</i>=1.0), either. The two cohorts did not demonstrate statistical differences in the PFS (10.5 months (95%CI 6.4-14.6) <i>vs</i> 8.0 months (95%CI 3.2-12.8), <i>P</i>=0.686) and the OS (23.3 months (95%CI 12.1-34.5) <i>vs</i> 20.0 months (95%CI 10.1-29.9), <i>P</i>=0.776). In conclusion, our study suggests that patients with extra gained HER2 positivity may not show compromised efficacy to trastuzumab treatment.
Characterization of diffusing capacity and perfusion of the rat lung in a lipopolysaccaride disease model using hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe (2003)

The ability to quantify pulmonary diffusing capacity and perfusion using dynamic hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated. A model of alveolar gas exchange was developed, which, in conjunction with (129)Xe NMR, enables quantification of average alveolar wall thickness, pulmonary perfusion, capillary diffusion length, and mean transit time. The technique was employed to compare a group of naïve rats (n = 10) with a group of rats with acute inflammatory lung injury (n = 10), caused by instillation of lipopolysaccaride (LPS). The measured structural and perfusion-related parameters were in agreement with reported values from studies using non-NMR methods. Significant differences between the groups were found in total diffusion length (control 8.5 +/- 0.5 microm, LPS 9.9 +/- 0.6 microm, P < 0.001), in capillary diffusion length (control 2.9 +/- 0.4 microm, LPS 3.9 +/- 1.0 microm, P < 0.05), and in pulmonary hematocrit (control 0.55 +/- 0.06, LPS 0.43 +/- 0.08, P < 0.01), whereas no differences were observed in alveolar wall thickness, pulmonary perfusion, and mean transit time. These results demonstrate the ability of the method to distinguish two main aspects of lung function, namely, diffusing capacity and pulmonary perfusion.
c-Jun Expression in Surviving and Regenerating Retinal Ganglion Cells: Effects of Intravitreal Neurotrophic Supply (2003)

c-Jun expression in RGCs was upregulated after injury. Most regenerating RGCs were c-jun(+), and the intensity of c-jun expression was higher in regenerating than in surviving RGCs. CNTF also upregulated c-jun expression in RGCs.
A 5-Gb/s ADC-Based Feed-Forward CDR in 65 nm CMOS (2010)

This paper presents an ADC-based CDR that blindly samples the received signal at twice the data rate and uses these samples to directly estimate the locations of zero crossings for the purpose of clock and data recovery. We successfully confirmed the operation of the proposed CDR architecture at 5 Gb/s. The receiver is implemented in 65 nm CMOS, occupies 0.51 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and consumes 178.4 mW at 5 Gb/s.
Effect of High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With De Novo Parkinson Disease (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01506479.
Si/SiGe MMIC's (1995)

Silicon-based millimeter-wave integrated circuits (SIMMWIC's) can provide new solutions for near range sensor and communication applications in the frequency range above 50 GHz. This paper presents a survey on the state-of-the-art performance of this technology and on first applications, The key devices are IMPATT diodes for MM-wave power generation and detection in the self-oscillating mixer mode, p-i-n diodes for use in switches and phase shifters, and Schottky diodes in detector and mixer circuits. The silicon/silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) with f/sub max/ values of more than 90 GHz is now used for low-noise oscillators at Ka-band frequencies. First system applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>