gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum interference routing of bandwidth guaranteed tunnels with MPLS traffic engineering applications (2000)

This paper presents new algorithms for dynamic routing of bandwidth guaranteed tunnels, where tunnel routing requests arrive one by one and there is no a priori knowledge regarding future requests. This problem is motivated by the service provider needs for fast deployment of bandwidth guaranteed services. Offline routing algorithms cannot be used since they require a priori knowledge of all tunnel requests that are to be rooted. Instead, on-line algorithms that handle requests arriving one by one and that satisfy as many potential future demands as possible are needed. The newly developed algorithms are on-line algorithms and are based on the idea that a newly routed tunnel must follow a route that does not "interfere too much" with a route that may he critical to satisfy a future demand. We show that this problem is NP-hard. We then develop path selection heuristics which are based on the idea of deferred loading of certain "critical" links. These critical links are identified by the algorithm as links that, if heavily loaded, would make it impossible to satisfy future demands between certain ingress-egress pairs. Like min-hop routing, the presented algorithm uses link-state information and some auxiliary capacity information for path selection. Unlike previous algorithms, the proposed algorithm exploits any available knowledge of the network ingress-egress points of potential future demands, even though the demands themselves are unknown. If all nodes are ingress-egress nodes, the algorithm can still be used, particularly to reduce the rejection rate of requests between a specified subset of important ingress-egress pairs. The algorithm performs well in comparison to previously proposed algorithms on several metrics like the number of rejected demands and successful rerouting of demands upon link failure.
Speech transmission performance planning in hybrid IP/SCN networks (1999)

The introduction of Internet protocol technology into traditional telecommunications networks is changing the nature of speech communication in those networks. As the current switched network infrastructure is augmented by packet networks, the needs of voice users of these hybrid networks must be given due consideration. These users are accustomed to high-quality connections with low distortion in the speech signal and low transmission delay in the speech path. In order for packetized networks to gain widespread acceptance for speech transmission services, it is necessary to maintain this high-quality performance in the evolving networks. We discuss relevant speech transmission performance requirements and the associated activities taking place in regional and international standards bodies.
Bioenergetic Profile Experiment using C2C12 Myoblast Cells (2010)

The ability to measure cellular metabolism and understand mitochondrial dysfunction, has enabled scientists worldwide to advance their research in understanding the role of mitochondrial function in obesity, diabetes, aging, cancer, cardiovascular function and safety toxicity. Cellular metabolism is the process of substrate uptake, such as oxygen, glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine, and subsequent energy conversion through a series of enzymatically controlled oxidation and reduction reactions. These intracellular biochemical reactions result in the production of ATP, the release of heat and chemical byproducts, such as lactate and CO(2) into the extracellular environment. Valuable insight into the physiological state of cells, and the alteration of the state of those cells, can be gained through measuring the rate of oxygen consumed by the cells, an indicator of mitochondrial respiration--the Oxygen Consumption Rate--or OCR. Cells also generate ATP through glycolysis, i.e.: the conversion of glucose to lactate, independent of oxygen. In cultured wells, lactate is the primary source of protons. Measuring the lactic acid produced indirectly via protons released into the extracellular medium surrounding the cells, which causes acidification of the medium provides the Extra-Cellular Acidification Rate--or ECAR. In this experiment, C2C12 myoblast cells are seeded at a given density in Seahorse cell culture plates. The basal oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) rates are measured to establish baseline rates. The cells are then metabolically perturbed by three additions of different compounds (in succession) that shift the bioenergetic profile of the cell. This assay is derived from a classic experiment to assess mitochondria and serves as a framework with which to build more complex experiments aimed at understanding both physiologic and pathophysiologic function of mitochondria and to predict the ability of cells to respond to stress and/or insults.
An Alkaline-Developable Positive Resist Based on Silylated Polyhydroxystyrene for KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1993)

A chemically amplified, positive-working resist system based on silylated polyhydroxystyrene has shown its capability for application to quarter micron lithography. The present paper describes the recent improvement in the resist performance achieved through studies on polymer characteristics and process conditions. Possible measures to suppress a peculiar problem of positive-working chemical amplification systems, i.e., formation of T-shaped profile, is also presented. Although the development is still on the way, the silylated polyhydroxystyrene based resist system shows excellent properties on resolution capability, sensitivity and process latitude.
Immunological mechanisms of specific immunotherapy with pollen vaccines: implications for diagnostics and the development of improved vaccination strategies (2003)

This review deals with specific immunotherapy performed with pollen vaccines. Pollen allergens, the immunological mechanism of allergic inflammation and the mechanisms behind successful specific immunotherapy treatment of seasonal pollen allergy shall be discussed. The different approaches to develop improved regimes for specific immunotherapy based on new diagnostic tools, improved pollen vaccines and alternative routes for administration of the vaccines will be highlighted. Diagnostic tools to select patients for specific immunotherapy and for monitoring the treatment are quantitative measurements of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, G and G4 antibodies and component-resolved diagnostics based on immunoglobulin E binding to individual allergenic components. Future pollen vaccines may consist of hypoallergenic recombinant allergens and T-helper cell type 1-inducing immunostimulatory adjuvants. Both sublingual and nasal administration of pollen vaccines for specific immunotherapy may be used more in future.
Dietary n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation increases docosahexaenoic acid metabolism in rat brain (2011)

Dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deprivation in rodents reduces brain arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) concentration and 20:4n-6-preferring cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2) -IVA) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, while increasing brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) concentration and DHA-selective calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2) )-VIA expression. We hypothesized that these changes are accompanied by up-regulated brain DHA metabolic rates. Using a fatty acid model, brain DHA concentrations and kinetics were measured in unanesthetized male rats fed, for 15 weeks post-weaning, an n-6 PUFA 'adequate' (31.4 wt% linoleic acid) or 'deficient' (2.7 wt% linoleic acid) diet, each lacking 20:4n-6 and DHA. [1-(14) C]DHA was infused intravenously, arterial blood was sampled, and the brain was microwaved at 5 min and analyzed. Rats fed the n-6 PUFA deficient compared with adequate diet had significantly reduced n-6 PUFA concentrations in brain phospholipids but increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid n-3 (DPAn-3, 22:5n-3), and DHA (by 9.4%) concentrations, particularly in ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl). Incorporation rates of unesterified DHA from plasma, which represent DHA metabolic loss from brain, were increased 45% in brain phospholipids, as was DHA turnover. Increased DHA metabolism following dietary n-6 PUFA deprivation may increase brain concentrations of antiinflammatory DHA metabolites, which with a reduced brain n-6 PUFA content, likely promotes neuroprotection and alters neurotransmission.
Review: power system analysis software tools (2005)

This paper summarizes the various user-friendly options that power system analysis and simulation software tools offer today with varied add-ons and premium modules. The authors' main intention is to present the information and key features of available software tools in power engineering. Based on the study presented in this paper, one could conclude that the advanced analysis methodology combines generation, transmission, various elements, and market economics into one virtual environment to deliver location, time, user-dependent analysis results, and indicators. The authors hope that the information furnished in this paper is helpful to potential users in industry and academia, and enables them to make the right decision before purchasing appropriate software.
Distribution of enzymes that catalyse reactions of glutathione with αβ-unsaturated compounds (1973)

1. A study of the distribution of glutathione S-alkenetransferases in the livers of vertebrate species suggests that different enzymes may catalyse reactions of GSH with (i) trans-benzylideneacetone, (ii) 2,3-dimethyl-4(2-methylenebutyryl)phenoxyacetic acid, (iii) cinnamonitrile, (iv) o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, (v) methyl vinyl sulphone, and (vi) 3-(beta-nitrovinyl)indole. 2. Glutathione S-alkenetransferase activity was generally greatest in rat liver, but the enzyme in hamster liver was more active towards o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, and the enzyme in rabbit, hamster, guinea-pig and mouse livers was more active towards methyl vinyl sulphone. 3. Results from studies of the distribution of activities in rat liver and rat kidney, heat inactivation of rat liver supernatants, and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation and acid-precipitation experiments, differentiated further between some of the enzymes concerned with substrates (i)-(vi). 4. The infrequent detection of mercapturic acids in vivo is discussed.
Commercial assessment of roll to roll manufacturing of electronic displays (2006)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006.
PCASSO: applying and extending state-of-the-art security in the healthcare domain (2002)

As healthcare enters the age of technology and Internet access, new challenges emerge, particularly with respect to the protection of patient privacy and the protection of highly sensitive and life-critical information. By bringing state-of-the-art security technology to the healthcare domain, PCASSO (Patient Centered Access to Secure Systems Online) is setting a new standard in healthcare protection and patient empowerment, as well as making safe use of the Internet a real possibility.
Bisphosphonates for the Prevention of Fractures in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials (2014)

Bisphosphonates are widely used off-label in the treatment of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with the intention of reducing the risk of fracture. Although there is strong evidence that bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density in osteogenesis imperfecta, the effects on fracture occurrence have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the effects of bisphosphonate therapy on fracture risk in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in which fractures were a reported endpoint. We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in which the effects of bisphosphonates on fracture risk in osteogenesis imperfecta were compared with placebo and conducted a meta-analysis of these studies using standard methods. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Six eligible studies were identified involving 424 subjects with 751 patient-years of follow-up. The proportion of patients who experienced a fracture was not significantly reduced by bisphosphonate therapy (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.83 [95% confidence interval 0.69-1.01], p = 0.06) with no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0). The fracture rate was reduced by bisphosphonate treatment when all studies were considered (RR = 0.71 [0.52-0.96], p = 0.02), but with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 36%) explained by one study where a small number of patients in the placebo group experienced a large number of fractures. When this study was excluded, the effects of bisphosphonates on fracture rate was not significant (RR = 0.79 [0.61-1.02], p = 0.07, I2 = 0%). We conclude that the effects of bisphosphonates on fracture prevention in osteogenesis imperfecta are inconclusive. Adequately powered trials with a fracture endpoint are needed to further investigate the risks and benefits of bisphosphonates in this condition.
Cellular DNA Content and the Evolution of Teleostean Fishes (1972)

The haploid DNA content has been determined for 275 species of teleostean fishes. Chromosome numbers are known for 73 of these. DNA content ranges from 4.4 picograms down to a minimum of 0.4. The more specialized or evolutionarily advanced fishes usually have less DNA than the more generalized forms. There are, however, several exceptions which may represent fish groups that are now in the process of evolutionary radiation. Chromosome number and DNA content are correlated, indicating that increases in DNA may have occurred by some form of polyploidy. An increase in DNA, followed by a gradual decrease, which is associated with specialization, appears to have accompanied fish evolution.
Computing self-supporting surfaces by regular triangulation (2013)

Masonry structures must be compressively self-supporting; designing such surfaces forms an important topic in architecture as well as a challenging problem in geometric modeling. Under certain conditions, a surjective mapping exists between a power diagram , defined by a set of 2D vertices and associated weights, and the reciprocal diagram that characterizes the force diagram of a discrete self-supporting network. This observation lets us define a new and convenient parameterization for the space of self-supporting networks. Based on it and the discrete geometry of this design space, we present novel geometry processing methods including surface smoothing and remeshing which significantly reduce the magnitude of force densities and homogenize their distribution.
Co-Ordinated Covalent Modification of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (2006)

The G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) gene family represents one of the largest families in the mammalian genome. The flexibility of signalling and widespread tissue distribution of these receptors has allowed GPCRs to be employed in the physiological regulation of nearly all biological functions. This, coupled with the fact that it is possible to chemically produce highly specific ligands to these receptors have made GPCRs attractive targets for pharmacological intervention in a wide variety of disease states. When targeting GPCRs in therapeutic drug design it is traditional, and eminently sensible, to focus on ligands that will provide agonism, antagonism or allosteric modulation. However, as more is understood of the mechanisms that regulate GPCRs, and in particular the dynamic covalent modifications that might endow tissue specific functions, then these regulatory processes may provide alternative targets for GPCR drug discovery. In this review we consider three of the covalent modifications which are considered to regulate the function of GPCRs namely; receptor phosphorylation, palmitoylation and ubiquitination. In particular, we will describe the mechanisms of modification, the functional consequences and the relationship between these three covalent modification events.
Compression tolerant image authentication (2002)

It is straightforward to apply general schemes for authenticating digital data to the problem of authenticating digital images. However, such a scheme would not authenticate images that have undergone lossy compression, even though they may not have been manipulated otherwise. We propose a scheme for authenticating the visual content of digital images. This scheme is robust to compression noise, but will detect deliberate manipulation of the image-data. The proposed scheme is based on the extraction of feature-points from the image. These feature-points are defined so as to be relatively unaffected by lossy compression. The set of feature-points from a given image is encrypted using public key encryption, to generate the digital signature of the image. Authenticity is verified by comparing the feature-points of the image in question, with those recovered from the previously computed digital signature.
Role of alpha-transinducing factor (VP16) in the induction of alpha genes within the context of viral genomes (1991)

In herpes simplex virus 1, the five alpha genes are induced by alpha-transinducing factor (alpha TIF; VP16), a virion protein, acting in concert with Oct-1 and other cellular proteins on a cis-acting site in the promoter domain of alpha genes. Because alpha TIF is an essential virion protein, its function as an inducer can best be evaluated only by mutating the cis-acting site. Earlier we reported on a series of 17 mutations in and around the cis-acting site of a 275-bp alpha 27 promoter fused to a reporter gene and recombined into the viral genome. These recombinant viruses were tested in Vero cells in the presence of cycloheximide, and we demonstrated that mutations in the sequence required for Oct-1 binding abolished transactivation whereas mutations in the alpha TIF-dependent GARAT sequence decreased but did not abolish transactivation. We now report that (i) in limited-passage human embryonic lung cells, alpha gene expression from promoters mutated in the GARAT sequences is often higher and more variable than in Vero cells, (ii) in the absence of cycloheximide, the mutant viruses show less significant impairment of reporter gene expression, (iii) Oct-1 can bind either to the overlapping octamer element or to various TAATGARAT sequences with differing degrees of binding strength and these relative binding levels correlate well with levels of gene expression observed in infected cells, (iv) in the cis-acting site upstream of the alpha 4 gene, no degenerate overlapping Oct-1 sequence exists, and therefore in this instance Oct-1 must be binding directly to the TAATGARAT sequence, (v) extension of the alpha 27 promoter by an additional 1,334 bp results in much higher expression of the reporter gene as a result of additional upstream cis-acting sites, and (vi) obliteration of the most proximal Oct-1 binding element within the 275-bp promoter dramatically reduces gene expression even in the presence of the additional upstream cis-acting sites.
Evaluation of image quality of MRI data for brain tumor surgery (2016)

3D medical images are important components of modern medicine. Their usefulness for the physician depends on their quality, though. Only high-quality images allow accurate and reproducible diagnosis and appropriate support during treatment. We have analyzed 202 MRI images for brain tumor surgery in a retrospective study. Both an experienced neurosurgeon and an experienced neuroradiologist rated each available image with respect to its role in the clinical workflow, its suitability for this specific role, various image quality characteristics, and imaging artifacts. Our results show that MRI data acquired for brain tumor surgery does not always fulfill the required quality standards and that there is a significant disagreement between the surgeon and the radiologist, with the surgeon being more critical. Noise, resolution, as well as the coverage of anatomical structures were the most important criteria for the surgeon, while the radiologist was mainly disturbed by motion artifacts.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of CeO2-doped TiO2 Composite Nanocrystals (2013)

Pure TiO2 and CeO2-doped TiO2 (3 % CeO2-97 %TiO2) composite nanocrystals were synthesized via co-precipitation method and characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, DR-UV-vis and TEM. The XRD data revealed that the phase structure of the synthesized samples was mainly in pure anatase having crystallite size in the range of 7 nm – 11 nm. Spherical shapes with moderate aggregation of the crystal particles were observed under the TEM observation. The presence of the CeO2 at TiO2 site has not only affected morphologically but also induced the electronic property of the TiO2 by lowering the band gap energy from 3.29 eV (Eg-Ti) to 3.15 eV (Eg-CeTi). Performance evaluation of the synthesized samples showed that both samples have a strong adsorption capacity toward Congo red (CR) dye in aqueous solution at room temperature experiment, where the capacity of the CeTi was higher than the Ti sample. Based on DR-UV data, the synthesized samples obtained in this study may also become promising catalysts for photo-assisted removal of synthetic dye in aqueous solution. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.19.4.2732
Role of Amino-Acid Adsorption on Silica and Silicon Nitride Surfaces during STI CMP (2006)

Selectivity (oxide/nitride polish rate) is a critical factor during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of shallow trench isolation (STI) structure, and it can be modified by adding amino acids to the slurry. The role of adsorption of the amino acids L-proline and L-arginine, on silicon dioxide and silicon nitride surfaces was characterized as a function of pH and concentration using thermogravimetric analysis. The results suggest that the adsorption behavior does not correlate with the polishing behavior of STI CMP and hence it may not play a key role in changing the selectivity.
Scalable temporal order analysis for large scale debugging (2009)

We present a scalable temporal order analysis technique that supports debugging of large scale applications by classifying MPI tasks based on their logical program execution order. Our approach combines static analysis techniques with dynamic analysis to determine this temporal order scalably. It uses scalable stack trace analysis techniques to guide selection of critical program execution points in anomalous application runs. Our novel temporal ordering engine then leverages this information along with the application's static control structure to apply data flow analysis techniques to determine key application data such as loop control variables. We then use lightweight techniques to gather the dynamic data that determines the temporal order of the MPI tasks. Our evaluation, which extends the Stack Trace Analysis Tool (STAT), demonstrates that this temporal order analysis technique can isolate bugs in benchmark codes with injected faults as well as a real world hang case with AMG2006.
Regulation and function of the TAZ transcription co-activator. (2011)

TAZ (WWTR1), identified as a 14-3-3 binding protein with a PDZ binding motif, is implicated in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. TAZ has been shown to be negatively regulated by phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent mechanisms. Coupled with ASPP2, PP1 dephosphorylates TAZ to activate TAZ. TEADs mediate TAZ function in promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). TAZ senses different cellular signals such as cell density and the extracellular matrix stiffness. Significantly, TAZ is overexpressed in breast cancer samples and papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues. These results indicate that TAZ plays an important role in cancer development and presents a novel target for TAZ overexpressed cancer therapy.