gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The copy/DF approach to signal-specific emitter location (2002)

A general approach for performing signal-specific superresolution direction finding (DF) of cochannel emitter waveforms is reported. This approach, referred to as the copy/DF approach, uses the signal copy vectors provided by a blind or nonblind signal extraction algorithm to construct a spatial spectrum for each signal captured by a narrowband antenna array, where each spectrum has a global maximum in the direction of the signal captured by that copy vector. The approach can be used with any signal extraction algorithm, and is particularly effective in environments containing strong cochannel interference. Two classes of techniques are presented: ARMA-like (autoregressive moving average) techniques, which form spatial spectra with zeroes in the direction of the received interferers and poles in the directions of the copied signals; and ML-like (maximum likelihood) techniques, which approximate the nonblind maximum-likelihood estimate of the direction-of-arrival of the copied emitter waveforms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-dimensional ferroelectrics (2000)

The investigation of the finite-size effect in ferroelectric crystals and films has been limited by the experimental conditions.The smallest demonstrated ferroelectric crystals had a diameter of $ 200 A and the thinnest ferroelectric films were $ 200 A thick, macroscopic sizes on an atomic scale.Langmuir ± Blodgett deposition of films one monolayer at a time has produced high quality ferroelectric films as thin as 10 A, made from polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers.These ultrathin films permitted the ultimate investigation of finite-size effects on the atomic thickness scale.Langmuir ± Blodgett films also revealed the fundamental two-dimensional character of ferroelectricity in these materials by demonstrating that there is no so-called critical thickness; films as thin as two monolayers (1 nm) are ferroelectric, with a transition temperature near that of the bulk material.The films exhibit all the main properties of ferroelectricity with a first-order ferroelectric ± paraelectric phase transition: polarization hysteresis (switching); the jump in spontaneous polarization at the phase transition temperature; thermal hysteresis in the polarization; the increase in the transition temperature with applied field; double hysteresis above the phase transition temperature; and the existence of the ferroelectric critical point.The films also exhibit a new phase transition associated with the twodimensional layers.
Preparations of 5-alkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanine derivatives and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity. (1990)

Reactions of 3-carboxymethylrhodanine (1) with aldehydes (2a-u) afforded stereoselectively the 5-mono-alkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanines (3a-u). The configuration of the 5-monoalkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanine (3k) were examined by X-ray structure analysis and confirmed to be Z-configuration. The stereoselective reaction path was discussed. Several 5-dialkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanines (15a-f) and alkylamino derivatives of 3-carboxymethylrhodanines (18a-o) were also prepared. These products were evaluated for aldose reductase-inhibitory potency and half of them exhibited valuable inhibitory potency.
A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits (1938)

In the control and protective circuits of complex electrical systems it is frequently necessary to make intricate interconnections of relay contacts and switches. Examples of these circuits occur in automatic telephone exchanges, industrial motor-control equipment, and in almost any circuits designed to perform complex operations automatically. In this article a mathematical analysis of certain of the properties of such networks will be made. Particular attention will be given to the problem of network synthesis. Given certain characteristics, it is required to find a circuit incorporating these characteristics. The solution of this type of problem is not unique and methods of finding those particular circuits requiring the least number of relay contacts and switch blades will be studied. Methods will also be described for finding any number of circuits equivalent to a given circuit in all operating characteristics. It will be shown that several of the well-known theorems on impedance networks have roughly analogous theorems in relay circuits. Notable among these are the delta-wye (δ-Y) and star-mesh transformations, and the duality theorem.
Parathyroid localization with technetium-99m-sestamibi: a prospective evaluation. (1996)

The sensitivity and positive predictive value of MIBI scintigraphy is comparable to or better than the results reported for other localization procedures. Its lack of sensitivity for detection of multiglandular disease precludes its use in lieu of routine bilateral neck exploration in the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism.
Concept Forest: A New Ontology-assisted Text Document Similarity Measurement Method (2007)

Although using ontologies to assist information retrieval and text document processing has recently attracted more and more attention, existing ontologybased approaches have not shown advantages over the traditional keywords-based Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method. This paper proposes an algorithm to extract a concept forest (CF) from a document with the assistance of a natural language ontology, the WordNet lexical database. Using concept forests to represent the semantics of text documents, the semantic similarities of these documents are then measured as the commonalities of their concept forests. Performance studies of text document clustering based on different document similarity measurement methods show that the CF-based similarity measurement is an effective alternative to the existing keywords-based methods. In particular, this CFbased approach has obvious advantages over the existing keywords-based methods, including LSI, in processing short text documents or in P2P or live news environments where it is impractical to collect the entire document corpus for analysis.
Attachment of a Hydrophobically Modified Biopolymer at the Oil–Water Interface in the Treatment of Oil Spills (2013)

The stability of crude oil droplets formed by adding chemical dispersants can be considerably enhanced by the use of the biopolymer, hydrophobically modified chitosan. Turbidimetric analyses show that emulsions of crude oil in saline water prepared using a combination of the biopolymer and the well-studied chemical dispersant (Corexit 9500A) remain stable for extended periods in comparison to emulsions stabilized by the dispersant alone. We hypothesize that the hydrophobic residues from the polymer preferentially anchor in the oil droplets, thereby forming a layer of the polymer around the droplets. The enhanced stability of the droplets is due to the polymer layer providing an increase in electrostatic and steric repulsions and thereby a large barrier to droplet coalescence. Our results show that the addition of hydrophobically modified chitosan following the application of chemical dispersant to an oil spill can potentially reduce the use of chemical dispersants. Increasing the molecular weight of the biopolymer changes the rheological properties of the oil-in-water emulsion to that of a weak gel. The ability of the biopolymer to tether the oil droplets in a gel-like matrix has potential applications in the immobilization of surface oil spills for enhanced removal.
<title>Clinical experience with PACS at Northwestern: year two</title> (2001)

We have previously described the PACS configuration at Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH). As opposed to an imaging modality, PACS is an evolving system that continuously grows and changes to meet the needs of the institution. The NMH PACS has grown significantly in the past year and has undergone significant architectural enhancements. This growth and evolutionary change will be described and discussed. The system now contains over 339,000 studies consisting of over 13 million images. There are now two short-term RAID storage units that provide for twice as much fast storage. There are also two magneto-optical disk jukeboxes providing long-term archive. We have deployed a redundant database to improve reliability of the system in the event of database failure. The number of modalities connected to the system has increased and will be summarized. Statistics describing utilization of the PACS will be shown. Lastly, we will discuss our plans for exploiting the application service provider model in our PACS environment.
Neodymium-doped tellurite single-mode fiber laser (1994)

A single-mode Nd(3+)-doped tellurite glass fiber laser operating at 1.061 microm is described. We believe this is the first demonstration of a single-mode fiber laser in tellurite glass. A lasing threshold of 27 mW of 818-nm absorbed pump power and a slope efficiency output power versus pump power of 23% emitted from one end were observed in the fiber cavity with 11.9% Fresnel reflection at both ends.
Enhanced transmission and beaming via a zero-index photonic crystal (2016)

Certain types of photonic crystals with Dirac cones at the Γ point of their band structure have a zero effective index of refraction at Dirac cone frequency. Here, by an appropriate design of the photonic structure, we obtain a strong coupling between modes around the Dirac cone frequency of an all-dielectric zero-index photonic crystal and the guided ones supported by a photonic crystal waveguide. Consequently, we experimentally demonstrate that the presence of the zero-index photonic crystal at the inner side of the photonic crystal waveguide leads to an enhancement in the transmission of some of the guided waves passing through this hybrid system. Moreover, those electromagnetic waves extracted from the structure with enhanced transmission exhibit high directional beaming due to the presence of the zero-index photonic crystal at the outer side of the photonic crystal waveguide.
Barrel-valve Assembly: Its Influence on Residence Time Distribution and Flow Pattern in a Twin-screw Extruder (1994)

The effect of a barrel-valve assembly on the residence time distribution (RTD), degree of fill, and flow pattern in an intermeshing, co-rotating twin-screw extruder was studied at 300450 rpm screw speeds and 0.0026 to 0.0038 kg/rev specific feeding loads. Increasing the orifice plug size or decreasing the opening of the barrel valve slightly increases the mean residence time, RTD spread, and extruder fill level. The inclusion and variation of the barrel-valve assembly in the extruder does not change the dimensionless dispersion and flow behavior. Both residence time and RTD spread are decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with the increasing screw speed and specific feeding load, while degree of fill is decreased with the former but increased with the latter. The flow analysis indicated a 70~75% of plug-flow behavior was exhibited in the extrusion system. Regression models for predicting RTD parameters and extruder degree of fill were developed.
The acid tolerance response of Salmonella typhimurium provides protection against organic acids (1996)

Salmonella typhimurium encounters a variety of acid stress situations during pathogenesis and in the natural environment. These include the extreme low pH encountered in the stomach and a less acidic intestinal environment containing large amounts of organic weak acids (volatile fatty acids). The acid tolerance response (ATR) is a complex defence system that can minimize the lethal effects of extreme low pH (pH3). The data presented illustrate that the ATR can also defend against weak acids such as butyric, acetic or propionic acids. Although an acid shock of pH 4.4 induced the ATR, growth in subinhibitory concentrations of weak acids did not. Various mutations shown to affect tolerance to extreme acid conditions (pH 3) were tested for their effects on tolerance to weak acids. An rpoS mutant lacking the alternative sigma factor sigma s failed to protect cells against weak acids as well as extreme acid pH. The fur (ferric uptake regulator) and atp (Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase) mutants defective in extreme acid tolerance showed no defects in their tolerance to weak acids. Curiously, the atbR mutant that exhibits increased tolerance to extreme acid pH proved sensitive to weak acids. Several insertions that rendered cells sensitive to organic acids were isolated, all of which proved to be linked to the rpoS locus.
The influence of deep body temperatures and skin temperatures on peripheral blood flow in the pig (1971)

1. The rate of blood flow through the tail of the pig has been measured by means of venous occlusion plethysmography using a mercury in rubber strain gauge. Conscious animals were used in all experiments because previous work had demonstrated that anaesthetics interfere with the animal's ability to vasoconstrict.2. Graded changes in the temperature of the hypothalamus were imposed by means of an implanted thermode. It was found that the change in blood flow depended on the extent of the change in hypothalamic temperature and on the ambient temperature. Below 20 degrees C ambient temperature, heating the hypothalamus did not cause vasodilatation and at 30 degrees C ambient temperature, cooling the hypothalamus caused only slight vasoconstriction, but at 25 degrees C ambient temperature, changes in hypothalamic temperature caused changes in blood flow from full vasoconstriction to full vasodilatation.3. The skin temperature on the trunk was changed by means of water circulated through tubes sewn into a coat worn by the pig. Blood flow in the tail, which was outside the coat, depended on the skin temperature of the trunk, the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the hypothalamus, all of which were varied separately.4. A thermode was implanted in the epidural space in the cervical region of the spinal cord. The change in blood flow in the tail which accompanied a change in thermode temperature was found to depend on the temperature of the thermode and the ambient temperature. Cooling the spine while the hypothalamus was being heated to 43 degrees C resulted in a decrease in blood flow, but when the spine was heated while the hypothalamus was being cooled the increase in blood flow was only slight.5. Local stimulus to the tail in the form of infra-red heat, or increased air movement was followed by changes in blood flow even when deep body temperature remained stable.
Fundus based eye tracker for optical coherence tomography (2005)

Current optical coherence tomography (OCT) relies on patient cooperation to maintain fixation. For patients with eye complications, it is extremely difficult to achieve fixation on the eye. Most eye trackers are external and track only the pupils. Such method is not useful for the OCT. The only existing fundus image based tracker is a hardware-based system that is composed of a confocal reflectometer, dither scanner, and tracking galvanometers. The integration of such hardware based system with the OCT is not as desirable nor as portable. Therefore, we want an eye tracking system that can be installed in the computer connected to the OCT. In this paper, a real time internal eye tracking software based system is proposed. By combining intensity based object tracking adaptive mean shift algorithm with Kalman filtering techniques together, a robust real time eye tracking algorithm is proposed. The system is robust in terms of its acceptance to low resolution, coarsely quantized, or extremely noisy images and still able to produce desirable results with no pre-processing of images.
Radiofrequency Tissue Volume Reduction of the Soft Palate in Simple Snoring (2000)

(1) The RFTVR palatoplasty is well tolerated with very low morbidity. (2) It is associated with subjective improvement in snoring in most patients. (3) Placement of lesions seems to influence outcome. (4) The improvement is accompanied by a marginal change in objective measurements, suggesting either an acoustic change independent of sound intensity or a placebo effect. (5) A randomized controlled trial is needed to further evaluate this therapy.
A growth factor activity in bovine milk (1996)

Conference Article| August 01 1996 A growth factor activity in bovine milk QING-MING LIU; QING-MING LIU 1Cancer and Polio Research Fund Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARK C WILKINSON; MARK C WILKINSON 1Cancer and Polio Research Fund Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN A. SMITH JOHN A. SMITH 1Cancer and Polio Research Fund Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (3): 342S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024342s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation QING-MING LIU, MARK C WILKINSON, JOHN A. SMITH; A growth factor activity in bovine milk. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1996; 24 (3): 342S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024342s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Selective photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes in an aqueous suspension of gold nanoparticles supported on cerium(iv) oxide under irradiation of green light (2011)

Gold nanoparticles supported on cerium(IV) oxide powder showing strong absorption at around 550 nm due to surface plasmon resonance oxidized aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes almost quantitatively in an aqueous suspension under irradiation of green light.
A model of chronic pain in the rat: response of multiple opioid systems to adjuvant-induced arthritis (1986)

Chronic arthritic pain was induced by intradermally inoculating rats at the tail-base with Mycobacterium butyricum, which results in swelling, inflammation, and hyperalgesia of the joints. These symptoms peak at 3 weeks after inoculation and disappear by 10 weeks. The following changes were seen at 3 weeks. Immunoreactive dynorphin (ir-Dyn) and ir-alpha-neo-endorphin (alpha-NE) manifested comparable patterns of change. Their levels were increased in the anterior, but not neurointermediate, pituitary. The thalamus showed a rise in ir-Dyn and ir-alpha-NE, but no alterations were seen in other brain regions. In each case, cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral sections of the spinal cord showed a rise in ir-Dyn and ir-alpha-NE: This was most pronounced in the lumbosacral region, where the magnitude of these shifts correlated with the intensity of arthritic symptoms. In addition, a moderate elevation in ir-methionine-enkephalin (ME) was seen in lumbosacral spinal cord. In brain, ir was not changed. The level of ir-beta-endorphin (beta-EP) was elevated both in the plasma and the anterior, but not the neurointermediate, pituitary. In addition, the content of messenger RNA encoding the beta-EP precursor, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), was enhanced in the anterior lobe. Thus, there was a selective activation of synthesis of beta-EP in, and its secretion from, the anterior lobe. In no brain tissue did levels of ir-beta-EP change. At 10 weeks postinoculation, the above changes were no longer apparent, indicating their reversibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sorting network based architectures for median filters (1993)

Sorting network based architectures for computing nonrecursive and recursive median filters are presented. The proposed architectures are highly pipelined and consist of fewer compare-swap units than existing architectures. The reduction in the number of compare-swap units is achieved by minimizing computational overlap between successive outputs and also by using Batcher's odd-even merge sort (instead of bubble-sort). The latency of these networks is reduced by building them with sorting units that sort 2 elements (sort-2) as well as 3 elements (sort-3) in 1 time unit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sorbitol dehydrogenase expression and activity during apple fruit set and early development (2004)

Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit set and early development is very sensitive to carbohydrate availability, but details on carbohydrate metabolism during this phase are limited. The objective of this work was to determine if sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14), the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of the major phloem‐transported carbohydrate sorbitol, is present and active during apple fruit set and early development. Nine different genes encoding SDH were determined from analysis of cDNA‐ and genomic‐clones obtained from an apple cDNA library or PCR using genomic DNA and degenerate oligonucleotide primers, respectively. The presence of multiple genes was confirmed from Southern analysis. Comparing three apple cultivars with different maturation dates, Northern analysis showed that SDH transcript was present during the first 5 weeks of fruit development after bloom. Using antibody developed against purified recombinant SDH protein from a fragment of apple cDNA expressed in Escherichia coli , SDH was detected in whole fruit extracts at approximately 37 kDa during each of the 5 weeks after fruit set with the greatest intensity at 1–3 weeks after bloom. ELISA analysis of SDH protein indicated that SDH comprised 7–8% of the total extractable protein at this time. SDH activity was highest at 2–3 weeks after bloom in each of the three cultivars. Thus, SDH activity during apple fruit set and early development may play a primary role in defining fruit sink activity. The present work is the first to show that SDH is expressed and active in apple fruit during the first 5 weeks after bloom.
Aging and DNA methylation (2015)

In this Opinion article, we summarize how changes in DNA methylation occur during aging in mammals and discuss examples of how such events may contribute to the aging process. We explore mechanisms that could facilitate DNA methylation changes in a site-specific manner and highlight a model in which region-specific DNA hypermethylation during aging is facilitated in a competitive manner by destabilization of the Polycomb repressive complex.
Host specificity of a serum marker for hepatitis B: evidence that "e antigen" has the properties of an immunoglobulin. (1977)

A family of antigens, referred to collectively as e antigen (eAg), has been detected in sera of some individuals with liver disease who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Studies on eAg partially purified by affinity chromatography on insolubilized antibodies to eAg revealed the following: (i) eAg has the physicochemical and immunologic properties of an immunoglobulin, predominantly of the IgG4 subclass, and (ii) specific antigenic sites, designated as e determinants, differentiate eAg from other immunoglobulins. We suggest that these determinants represent idiotypic determinants on antibodies that are formed in response to hepatitis B virus infection and that block the host's immune surveillance mechanisms by which virus proliferation is stopped.