gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Images in the aftermath of trauma: Responding to September 11th (2007)

An event such as the attack on Manhattan on September 11th 2001 is socially, culturally and politically traumatizing. Those who saw the attack (in person or through media coverage) emphasized its visual impact. Faced with such visual trauma, it is unsurprising that the aftermath of the attacks had a representational dimension, as individuals and institutions strove to suture the resulting wound through image making. This article investigates the legacy of visual trauma after September 11th in the difficult interim years when disaster is no longer part of the immediate past. I focus on two texts (the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, or 9/11 Report, and a short film by the Mexican director, Alejandro González Iñárritu), each of which displays in different ways the effects of the trauma of witnessing disaster. The aim is to raise questions about the legacy of traumatic events for the legal and cultural responses which follow in their wake, and to that extent the article thinks through the demands of witnessing trauma, the ethical challenges for the cinematic documentation of a traumatic event, and the limits upon judgment in the aftermath of disaster.
A Parametric Study of Spin Coating over Topography (1998)

The spin coating of polymer solutions onto silicon substrates was investigated using both commercially formulated polyimide precursors and model polymer solutions. The latter included solutions of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene oxide) in appropriate solvents. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the various process, material, and geometrical variables on the thickness and thickness uniformity of films deposited on planar as well as patterned substrates; dry film thickness was measured with the help of profilometry. For flat substrates, the film thickness decreased with increasing spin speed, and, in the case of volatile solvents, increasing solvent volatility led to thicker films. Although solution viscosity could be changed by changing either the polymer concentration or the molecular weight, film thickness was more sensitive to changes in concentration. Process conditions that gave thicker films also tended to yield more uniform films. From experiments on substrates with topography, it is concluded that low spin speeds in conjunction with concentrated solutions of low molecular weight polymer in nonvolatile solvents favor planarization.
Properties of Soda Aluminosilicate Glasses: V, Low‐Temperature Viscosities* (1970)

The low‐temperature viscosities of two series of sodium aluminosilicate glasses were measured by the fiber elongation method. The results suggested that a modification of the Day and Rindone structural model for sodium aluminosilicate glasses was necessary. The modified model suggests that additional (AlO ½ ) − groups form at Al/Na ratios >1.
Immune Dysregulation by the Rheumatoid Arthritis Shared Epitope (2010)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with HLA-DRB1 alleles that code a five-amino acid sequence motif in positions 70-74 of the HLA-DRbeta-chain, called the shared epitope (SE). The mechanistic basis of SE-RA association is unknown. We recently found that the SE functions as an allele-specific signal-transducing ligand that activates an NO-mediated pathway in other cells. To better understand the role of the SE in the immune system, we examined its effect on T cell polarization in mice. In CD11c(+)CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs), the SE inhibited the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, a key enzyme in immune tolerance and T cell regulation, whereas in CD11c(+)CD8(-) DCs, the ligand activated robust production of IL-6. When SE-activated DCs were cocultured with CD4(+) T cells, the differentiation of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells was suppressed, whereas Th17 cells were expanded. The polarizing effects could be seen with SE(+) synthetic peptides, but even more so when the SE was in its natural tridimensional conformation as part of HLA-DR tetrameric proteins. In vivo administration of the SE ligand resulted in a greater abundance of Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes and increased IL-17 production by splenocytes. Thus, we conclude that the SE acts as a potent immune-stimulatory ligand that can polarize T cell differentiation toward Th17 cells, a T cell subset that was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including RA.
Use of a scanning cw Kr laser to obtain diffusion-free annealing of B-implanted silicon (1978)

The use of a continuous scanned Kr ion laser as a tool for annealing of boron-implanted silicon is described. Conditions were found that produce high electrical activity and crystallinity of the implanted layer without redistribution of the boron from the as-implanted profile.
Myeloperoxidase: A New Biomarker of Inflammation in Ischemic Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes (2008)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme stored in azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages and released into extracellular fluid in the setting of inflammatory process. The observation that myeloperoxidase is involved in oxidative stress and inflammation has been a leading factor to study myeloperoxidase as a possible marker of plaque instability and a useful clinical tool in the evaluation of patients with coronary heart disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiological, analytical, and clinical characteristics of MPO and to summarize the state of art about the possible clinical use of MPO as a marker for diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Software test data generation using the chaining approach (2002)

Software testing, specifically, test data generation is very labor-intensive and expensive. As a result, it accounts for a significant portion of software system development cost. In this paper we present a chaining approach for automated software test data generation. The chaining approach uses data dependence analysis to guide the test data generation process. The experiments have shown that the chaining approach may significantly improve the chances of finding test data as compared to the existing methods of automated test data generation.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> glycosylated phosphatidylinositol causes phagosome maturation arrest (2003)

The tubercle bacillus parasitizes macrophages by inhibiting phagosome maturation into the phagolysosome. This phenomenon underlies the tuberculosis pandemic involving 2 billion people. We report here how Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes phagosome maturation arrest. A glycosylated M. tuberculosis phosphatidylinositol [mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM)] interfered with the phagosomal acquisition of the lysosomal cargo and syntaxin 6 from the trans-Golgi network. ManLAM specifically inhibited the pathway dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding effectors. These findings identify ManLAM as the M. tuberculosis product responsible for the inhibition of phagosomal maturation.
Nucleophilic substitution at bivalent sulfur. Reaction of alkyllithium with cyclic sulfides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic substitution at bivalent sulfur. Reaction of alkyllithium with cyclic sulfidesMaurice Morton and R. F. KammereckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 10, 3217–3218Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00713a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00713a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A silencing pathway to induce H3-K9 and H4-K20 trimethylation at constitutive heterochromatin (2004)

Histone lysine methylation is a central modification to mark functionally distinct chromatin regions. In particular, H3-K9 trimethylation has emerged as a hallmark of pericentric heterochromatin in mammals. Here we show that H4-K20 trimethylation is also focally enriched at pericentric heterochromatin. Intriguingly, H3-K9 trimethylation by the Suv39h HMTases is required for the induction of H4-K20 trimethylation, although the H4 Lys 20 position is not an intrinsic substrate for these enzymes. By using a candidate approach, we identified Suv4-20h1 and Suv4-20h2 as two novel SET domain HMTases that localize to pericentric heterochromatin and specifically act as nucleosomal H4-K20 trimethylating enzymes. Interaction of the Suv4-20h enzymes with HP1 isoforms suggests a sequential mechanism to establish H3-K9 and H4-K20 trimethylation at pericentric heterochromatin. Heterochromatic H4-K20 trimethylation is evolutionarily conserved, and in Drosophila, the Suv4-20 homolog is a novel PEV modifier to regulate position-effect variegation. Together, our data indicate a function for H4-K20 trimethylation in gene silencing and further suggest H3-K9 and H4-K20 trimethylation as important components of a repressive pathway that can index pericentric heterochromatin.
STEM CELLS AND MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION (2003)

An abundance of experimental data regarding the ability of implanted myoblastic cells to restore the function of damaged cardiomyocytes encouraged cardiovascular surgeons and interventional cardiologists in Paris, France and Dusseldorf, Germany to treat patients with extensive MI by cell transplantation (CT).1,2 Owingto the paucityof suitable donors for orthotopic heart transplantation, as well as the severity and risks of such an undertaking, the success of cell transplantation in the prevention of massive damage of heart muscle after MI has been encouraging.
A 2.7 V 2.5 GHz bipolar chipset for digital wireless communication (2002)

The chipset targets primarily the digital cordless european telecommunication (DECT) standard, that applies to business as well as to the consumer market. The transceiver chipset for digital data transmission is realized on the 25 GHz bipolar Siemens B6HF process. The transmitter IC integrates the complete synthesizer including PLL, VCOs, frequency doubler, supply voltage regulation and supporting switching functions. Due to the open-loop architecture, the input impedance variation of the switched power amplifier results in frequency deviation of the VCO caused by load pulling. The required isolation can not be achieved within a single IC package. Previous solutions use an external discrete buffer stage. To increase the integration level, the buffer amplifier has been realized on the RX-IC. The advantage of this configuration is increased isolation due to the fully-differential setup. The chipset architecture is suitable for FSK digital mobile radio portable and base stations, especially cordless phone system from 1.6 GHz up to 2.5 GHz including DECT, wireless LAN, wireless local loop, 2.4 GHz ISM band frequency hopping system or any other system using FSK modulation. The TX design is optimized with respect to power supply, low current consumption, frequency stability and phase noise, whereas the RX-design is optimized for sensitivity and input intercept point simultaneously.
Realization and electrical characterization of ultrathin crystals of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (2007)

Ultrathin crystals of the layered transition-metal dichalcogenide MoS2 (semiconducting) and TaS2 (metallic) were obtained by mechanical peeling or chemical exfoliation techniques and electrically contacted using electron-beam lithography. The MoS2 devices showed high field-effect mobility in the tens of cm2∕Vs and an on/off ratio higher than 105. The TaS2 devices remained metallic despite the fabrication process and showed an enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature and disappearance of the charge density wave phase anomaly at low temperature.
An experimental study of the possible bandwidth compression of visual image signals (1963)

It is a fact that the eyes are used far less often than the ears in telecommunication systems. The obvious reason for this is that an adequate signal can usually be obtained in aural communication channels with relatively little data, but in contrast the eyes are considered to require a very great deal of data in order to receive an adequate signal. There may be very many industrial applications of a visual communication system if only the data could be greatly reduced for such channels, so that adequate pictures of various kinds might be transmitted and received in relatively narrow bandwidths. Again, the criteria by which we judge these two kinds of channel are very different; we regularly make use of aural channels which are highly distorted and noisy, whereas we frequently judge vision channels, facsimile, etc., at very high levels of quality, presumably because we are conditioned by the needs of domestic television. This paper, together with an accompanying paper by Kubba, describes experiments upon the possibilities of automatic data reduction or bandwidth compression of visual channels, for both black and white diagrams and for half-tone pictures, using electronic equipment and accepting realistic noise levels.
Multi-tenant fair share in NoSQL data stores (2014)

NoSQL data stores see considerable attention today in big data, cloud hosted environments because of their fault tolerance, distribution and high availability. Shared NoSQL data stores are preferred for their ability to serve multiple tenants simultaneously which can improve resource utilization and lower management costs. Fair share in this setting can be a problem in that NoSQL data stores can be weak in preventing interference between tenants. We propose a methodology for multi-tenant fair share in a NoSQL store, in particular Cassandra. The approach uses an extended version of the deficit round robin algorithm to schedule tenant requests, and has local weight adjustment and slow tenant handling to improve the system throughput. Empirical results show that our approach is able to provide fair share for multi-tenancy.
Total Synthesis of Cleistanthin-B (2009)

The naturally occurring diphyllin glucoside cleistanthin-B can increase the activity of leucocyte.It was synthesized to investigate the mechanism of its pharmacological action.First,Diphyllin was prepared under Adol reaction and Diels-Alder reaction.Then,Cleistanthin-B was synthesized by the glycosylation of diphyllin with peracetylglucosyl bromides under phase transfer catalysis conditions in seven steps at gross production rate of 30.3%.The structure of the composite was identified by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS,whose spectrum data were consistent with that of the natural Cleistanthin-B.
Identification of Potential Serum Biomarkers of Glioblastoma: Serum Osteopontin Levels Correlate with Poor Prognosis (2010)

Identified serum biomarkers may have potential utility in astrocytoma classification and GBM prognosis.
Zinc-Coordination Oligomers of Phenanthrolinylporphyrins (2003)

[structure: see text] We report the synthesis of mono- and bisphenanthrolinylporphyrins 5-(9-carboxy-1,10-phenanthroline-2),15-(p-tolyl)-2,8,12,18-tetraethyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin (MPPc) and 5,15-bis(9-carboxy-1,10-phenanthroline-2)-2,8,12,18-tetraethyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin (BPPc), respectively. The formation of dimers and oligomers, with MPPc and BPPc, respectively, upon exposure to zinc acetate is described. Oligomerization of the porphyrins was monitored spectrophotometrically, and a kinetic study was performed to estimate the average oligomer chain length.
Crystallography and Properties of Polyoxotitanate Nanoclusters (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCrystallography and Properties of Polyoxotitanate NanoclustersPhilip Coppens*, Yang Chen, and Elżbieta TrzopView Author Information Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 19, 9645–9661Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2014Publication History Received20 December 2013Published online12 May 2014Published inissue 8 October 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400724ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400724ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5004Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Electrical conductivity,Metal clusters,Nanoparticles,Oxides Get e-Alerts
BAT1 promoter polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. (2008)

The BAT1 -348T polymorphism is associated with RA susceptibility independently of HLA-DRB1. The role of BAT1 in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-a suggests that BAT1 may regulate the inflammatory response observed in patients with RA.
One-step detection of microRNA with high sensitivity and specificity via target-triggered loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TT-LAMP) (2017)

A novel one-step microRNA assay is developed based on a target-triggered loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TT-LAMP) mechanism, which enables the accurate detection of as low as 100 aM (1 zmol) microRNA with simple one-step operation by using only one-type of DNA polymerase.
Indexability of Restless Bandit Problems and Optimality of Whittle Index for Dynamic Multichannel Access (2010)

In this paper, we consider a class of restless multiarmed bandit processes (RMABs) that arises in dynamic multichannel access, user/server scheduling, and optimal activation in multiagent systems. For this class of RMABs, we establish the indexability and obtain Whittle index in closed form for both discounted and average reward criteria. These results lead to a direct implementation of Whittle index policy with remarkably low complexity. When arms are stochastically identical, we show that Whittle index policy is optimal under certain conditions. Furthermore, it has a semiuniversal structure that obviates the need to know the Markov transition probabilities. The optimality and the semiuniversal structure result from the equivalence between Whittle index policy and the myopic policy established in this work. For nonidentical arms, we develop efficient algorithms for computing a performance upper bound given by Lagrangian relaxation. The tightness of the upper bound and the near-optimal performance of Whittle index policy are illustrated with simulation examples.
Unsupervised co-segmentation of a set of shapes via descriptor-space spectral clustering (2011)

We introduce an algorithm for unsupervised co-segmentation of a set of shapes so as to reveal the semantic shape parts and establish their correspondence across the set. The input set may exhibit significant shape variability where the shapes do not admit proper spatial alignment and the corresponding parts in any pair of shapes may be geometrically dissimilar. Our algorithm can handle such challenging input sets since, first, we perform co-analysis in a descriptor space , where a combination of shape descriptors relates the parts independently of their pose, location, and cardinality. Secondly, we exploit a key enabling feature of the input set, namely, dissimilar parts may be "linked" through third-parties present in the set. The links are derived from the pairwise similarities between the parts' descriptors. To reveal such linkages, which may manifest themselves as anisotropic and non-linear structures in the descriptor space, we perform spectral clustering with the aid of diffusion maps. We show that with our approach, we are able to co-segment sets of shapes that possess significant variability, achieving results that are close to those of a supervised approach.
Picking Apart Enzyme Catalysis (2014)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPicking Apart Enzyme CatalysisCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 16, 36Publication Date (Print):April 21, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 21 April 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09216-scitech3https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09216-scitech3newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Four Space Shuttle Wing Leading Edge Concepts (1974)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.