gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translating tolerogenic therapies to the clinic – where do we stand? (2012)

Manipulation of the immune system to prevent the development of a specific immune response is an ideal strategy to improve outcomes after transplantation. A number of experimental techniques exploiting central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms have demonstrated success, leading to the first early phase clinical trials for tolerance induction. The first major strategy centers on the facilitation of donor-cell mixed chimerism in the transplant recipient with the use of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The second strategy, utilizing peripheral regulatory mechanisms, focuses on cellular therapy with regulatory T cells. This review examines the key studies and novel research directions in the field of immunological tolerance.
The yeast exchange assay, a new complementary method to screen for Dbl‐like protein specificity: identification of a novel RhoA exchange factor (2000)

The target Rho GTPases of many guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of the Dbl family remain to be identified. Here we report a new method: the yeast exchange assay (YEA), a rapid qualitative test to perform a wide range screen for GEF specificity. In this assay based on the two-hybrid system, a wild type GTPase binds to its effector only after activation by a specific GEF. We validated the YEA by activating GTPases by previously reported GEFs. We further established that a novel GEF, GEF337, activates RhoA in the YEA. GEF337 promoted nucleotide exchange on RhoA in vitro and promoted F-actin stress fiber assembly in fibroblasts, characteristic of RhoA activation.
From the Cloud to the Atmosphere: Running MapReduce across Data Centers (2013)

Efficiently analyzing big data is a major issue in our current era. Examples of analysis tasks include identification or detection of global weather patterns, economic changes, social phenomena, or epidemics. The cloud computing paradigm along with software tools such as implementations of the popular MapReduce framework offer a response to the problem by distributing computations among large sets of nodes. In many scenarios, input data are, however, geographically distributed (geodistributed) across data centers, and straightforwardly moving all data to a single data center before processing it can be prohibitively expensive. Above-mentioned tools are designed to work within a single cluster or data center and perform poorly or not at all when deployed across data centers. This paper deals with executing sequences of MapReduce jobs on geo-distributed data sets. We analyze possible ways of executing such jobs, and propose data transformation graphs that can be used to determine schedules for job sequences which are optimized either with respect to execution time or monetary cost. We introduce G-MR, a system for executing such job sequences, which implements our optimization framework. We present empirical evidence in Amazon EC2 and VICCI of the benefits of G-MR over common, naïve deployments for processing geodistributed data sets. Our evaluations show that using G-MR significantly improves processing time and cost for geodistributed data sets.
Synthesis and structural requirements of N-substituted norapomorphines for affinity and activity at dopamine D-1, D-2, and agonist receptor sites in rat brain (1990)

A series of N-substituted analogues of (R)-(-)-norapomorphine were synthesized to study the optimal structural requirements of the N-alkyl side chain to interact with D-1 and D-2 dopaminergic receptors as well as dopamine (DA) agonist binding sites. Evaluations included testing the affinity of these compounds for DA receptor sites in rat striatal tissue and assessing stereotypy as a behavioral index of dopaminergic activity. The electronic, steric, and lipophilic properties of the N-alkyl side chain were found to be related to affinity, D-2 selectivity, and dopaminergic activity. All 11 compounds evaluated had relatively low affinity at D-1 sites. Optimum D-2 and agonist-site affinity as well as agonist activity were exhibited by N-cyclopropylmethyl (7) greater than or equal to N-allyl (8) greater than or equal to N-propyl (4) or N-ethyl (3) substituted compounds. Branching of the N-alkyl side chain as in N-isopropyl (5) and N-isobutyl (6) markedly reduced the D-2 affinity and activity, presumably due to steric effects. The N-trifluoroethyl (10) and N-pentafluoropropyl (11) derivatives had low affinity for all their dopamine receptor sites and no agonistic activity; evidently, the highly electronegative F atoms decrease basicity of the N atom and therefore decrease the ability of the N atom to be cationic at physiological pH, a proposed requirement for high-affinity binding to DA receptors.
70km external cavity DWDM sources based on O-band Self Seeded RSOAs for transmissions at 2.5Gbit/s (2014)

A DWDM self-seeded source achieves transmission in the O-band up to 90km SSMF at 2.5Gbps. Moreover, a “face-to-face” self-seeded architecture permits to realize transmissions at 2.5Gbps with extra-long optical cavities reaching 70km of SSMF.
Fullerene Evolution in Flame-Generated Soot (2000)

Direct observation of the chemical evolution of flame-generated soot was demonstrated for the first time using real-time aerosol mass spectrometry. The data presented unambiguously show the transformation of particle phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into carbonaceous soot containing fullerenes. The mechanism of fullerene formation in the particle phase that is revealed is not consistent with conventional gas-phase formation mechanisms. This mechanism suggests the possibility of a controlled condensed phase synthesis of fullerenes.
Network Science for Military Coalition Operations: Information Exchange and Interaction (2010)

"This book is structured into sections that look at some of the challenges related to coalition operations in different types of networks, such as communications and information networks and human and cognitive networks, and looks at other issues that impact the operations of coalitions, the management and use of policies across different organizations" - Provided by publisher
Beam shaping using nonlinear phase distribution in a uniformly spaced array (1982)

The method of determination of the phase distribution of a linear array of discrete sources for a specified radiation pattern and a fixed aperture amplitude function is presented. The finite series representing the array factor is transformed into an infinite series each term of which is in the form of an integral. Synthesis is carried out from asymptotic evaluation of the integral by the stationary phase method. Computed results for sector and cosecant beam are presented.
SELD-TCN: Sound Event Localization & Detection via Temporal Convolutional Networks (2020)

The understanding of the surrounding environment plays a critical role in autonomous robotic systems, such as self-driving cars. Extensive research has been carried out concerning visual perception. Yet, to obtain a more complete perception of the environment, autonomous systems of the future should also take acoustic information into account. Recent sound event localization and detection (SELD) frameworks utilize convolutional recurrent neural networks (CRNNs). However, considering the recurrent nature of CRNNs, it becomes challenging to implement them efficiently on embedded hardware. Not only are their computations strenuous to parallelize, but they also require high memory bandwidth and large memory buffers. In this work, we develop a more robust and hardware-friendly novel architecture based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN). The proposed framework (SELD-TCN) outperforms the state-of-the-art SELDnet performance on four different datasets. Moreover, SELD-TCN achieves 4x faster training time per epoch and 40x faster inference time on an ordinary graphics processing unit (GPU).
Source-filter models for time-scale pitch-scale modification of speech (2002)

This paper presents two time-scale pitch-scale modification techniques to be used in speech synthesis systems. They have been applied to Microsoft's Whistler system, which is based on concatenative synthesis. Both methods are based on a source-filter model, one of them using LPC parameters and the other one using cepstral parameters. The proposed methods achieve high quality prosody modification, retain the characteristics of the donor speaker, allow for spectral manipulation (to reduce spectral discontinuities at unit boundaries), yield compact acoustic inventories and improved voiced fricatives.
Die Chemie der Acylcyanide (1956)

Abstract Die Acylcyanide nehmen eine Übergangsstellung zwischen einfachen Carbonyl‐Verbindungen und Acylhalogeniden ein. Sie reagieren mit nucleophilen Partnern im allgemeinen zuerst an der besonders reaktionsfähigen Carbonyl‐Gruppe zu α‐Oxynitrilen, die im neutralen oder alkalischen pH‐Bereich unter HCN‐Abspaltung in Acyl‐Derivate der eingesetzten nucleophilen Agentien übergehen. Im stark sauren Milieu erfahren diese α‐Oxynitrile dagegen vorwiegend eine H 2 O‐Abspaltung zu Reaktionsprodukten, in denen das Kohlenstoff‐Gerüst der Acylcyanide erhalten ist. Bei den „Cyanacylierungen”︁ lagern sich Acylcyanide als Acyl‐ und Cyan‐Gruppe an CO‐, CN‐ oder CC‐Doppelbindungen an.
Compressor Characteristics in Gas Turbine Performance Modelling (2001)

The choice of how to represent the performance of the fans and compressors of a gas turbine engine in a whole-engine performance model can be critical to the number of iterations required by the solver or indeed whether the system can be solved. This paper therefore investigates a number of compressor modelling methods and compares their relative merits. Particular attention is given to investigating the ability of the various representations to model the performance far from design point. It is noted that, for low rotational speeds and flows, matching on pressure ratio will produce problems, and that efficiency is a discontinuous function at these conditions. Thus, such traditional representations of compressors are not suitable for investigations of starting or windmilling performance. Matching on pressure ratio, Beta, the Crainic exit flow function and the true exit flow function is investigated. The independent parameters of isentropic efficiency, pressure loss, a modified pressure loss parameter, specific torque, and ideal and actual enthalpy rises are compared. The requirements of the characteristic choice are investigated, with regard to choosing matching variables and ensuring that relationships are smooth and continuous throughout the operating range of the engine.
Genome analysis and genome-wide proteomics of Thermococcus gammatolerans, the most radioresistant organism known amongst the Archaea (2009)

This work is the first archaeal proteome investigation done at the stage of primary genome annotation. This archaeon is shown to use a large variety of metabolic pathways even under a rich medium growth condition. This proteogenomic study also indicates that the high radiotolerance of T. gammatolerans is probably due to proteins that remain to be characterized rather than a larger arsenal of known DNA repair enzymes.
Hierarchical cooperative distributed model predictive control (2010)

Cooperative distributed model predictive control has recently been shown to provide stabilizing feedback for plants composed of any finite number of dynamically coupled subsystems. No assumption is made about the strength of the coupling between the subsystems. This control scheme provides optimal feedback in the limit of infinite optimization iterates, can be terminated before convergence of the iterates, and guarantees stability and feasibility. These properties require communication between all subsystems in the plant at every iterate, however. In this paper, we weaken this requirement and propose an extension in which the subsystems are grouped in a hierarchy. The subsystems communicate with their neighbors at every iterate, but communicate with subsystems outside their neighborhood on a slower and asynchronous time schedule. We show that this extension is plantwide stabilizing. We introduce a method to modify the information sent between neighborhoods in order to reduce the volume of communication and to hide input trajectories between neighborhoods. To achieve these properties, the leader of each subsystem performs a minor additional calculation at each plantwide information exchange. We conclude with an example demonstrating control performance in a chemical plant.
Erratum: Probabilistic model for the simulation of secondary electron emission [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams<b>5</b>, 124404 (2002)] (2013)

58) has a typographical error. The correct equation is
In vivo myoelectric activity: methods, analysis, and interpretation (1989)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Control of Phasic Contractions Temporal Control of Phasic Contractions Spatial Control of Phasic Contractions Methods of Recording Methods of Analysis Terminology Spatial and Temporal Patterns of in Vivo Myoelectric Activity Stomach Small Intestine Colon and Rectum Esophagus Sphincters and Organ Junctions Sphincters Organ Junctions Gallbladder Special Situation Contractions Vomiting Caudad Mass Movement Relaxation‐Oscillator Versus Cable Model to Explain Organization of Electrical Control Activity Passive Conduction Regenerative Propagation Relaxation‐Oscillator Propagation Summary
Police Questioning in the Charter Era: Adjudicative versus Regulatory Rule-making and the Problem of False Confes-sions (2012)

Unlike in the areas of detention and search, Parliament has played no role in regulating the questioning of adult criminal suspects by police. This paper examines the implications of this legislative silence. Critics of the courts’ use of the ancillary powers doctrine in the law of detention and search have argued that the optimal regulation of police investigative practices requires robust legislative input. I argue that the same is true of police questioning. But given the improbability that this will happen, I argue that appellate courts should adopt a more robustly “regulatory” (as opposed to “adjudicative”) approach to both the common law confessions rule and section 10(b) of the Charter. I then explore how such an approach could better address the chief policy issue raised by police questioning: false confessions.
Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counter Array with Computerized Data Acquisition and Age Calculation Capabilities for <sup>14</sup>C Dating (1995)

We describe a two-phase study directed toward background reduction of a manual liquid scintillation counter and the interfacing of electronics for counting to a computer data acquisition system. Counter background reduction is achieved with afterpulse electronics, a high-performance cocktail, an auxiliary detector/guard and a special sample vial holder. The data acquisition system is comprised of an electronic signal processor and sorter for operating up to eight counters simultaneously and interfacing to a computer with software for data storage, acquisitions and age dating calculations. We discuss low-background counter modifications, electronic signal processing and computer software for 14 C age dating.
Magnetic Field Feature Extraction and Selection for Indoor Location Estimation (2014)

User indoor positioning has been under constant improvement especially with the availability of new sensors integrated into the modern mobile devices, which allows us to exploit not only infrastructures made for everyday use, such as WiFi, but also natural infrastructure, as is the case of natural magnetic field. In this paper we present an extension and improvement of our current indoor localization model based on the feature extraction of 46 magnetic field signal features. The extension adds a feature selection phase to our methodology, which is performed through Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the aim of optimizing the fitness of our current model. In addition, we present an evaluation of the final model in two different scenarios: home and office building. The results indicate that performing a feature selection process allows us to reduce the number of signal features of the model from 46 to 5 regardless the scenario and room location distribution. Further, we verified that reducing the number of features increases the probability of our estimator correctly detecting the user’s location (sensitivity) and its capacity to detect false positives (specificity) in both scenarios.
Comparative Outcomes of Cooled Versus Traditional Radiofrequency Ablation of the Lateral Branches for Sacroiliac Joint Pain (2012)

This study did not reveal evidence that c-RFA of the lateral branches provides longer relief of sacroiliac joint pain as compared with t-RFA.
Inhibition of Combustion by Bromine-Free Polyfluorocarbons I. Burning Velocities of Methane Flames Containing Polyfluoroalkylamines (1994)

Abstract To estimate the inhibition effect of several bromine-free polyfluoroalkylamines such as (CF3CF2)N, (CF3)2NCF2CF3, (CF3)2NCF2,CHF2 and (CF3)2NCF=CF2 on flame propagation, the laminar burning velocity was measured for a mixture of 9.5% methane, 90.0% air, and 0.5% inhibitor, at an initial temperature of 298 ± 2 K. and a pressure of 1 atm. All of the polyfluoroalkylamines inhibited flame propagation less than CF3Br(Halon 1301), but more than CH3CHFCF3(FM200). Calculations showed that the inhibition effect of polyfluoroalkylamines was caused not only by physical factors, but also by a chemical process in which fluoric species capture chain carriers (H, O, and OH) ofcombustion reactions to form stable HF molecules. The inhibition efficiencies of polyfluoroalkylamines were found to be higher than those of polyfluoroalkanes because of polyfluoroalkylamines decomposition to reactive polyfluoroalkyl radicals in the lower temperature region of each flame. The application of polyfluoralkylamines to fire-extinguishers was also discussed
Viscoelasticity of F-actin measured with magnetic microparticles. (1989)

Dispersed submicroscopic magnetic particles were used to probe viscoelasticity for cytoplasm and purified components of cytoplasm. An externally applied magnetic field exerted force on particles in cells, in filamentous actin (F-actin) solutions, or in F-actin gels formed by the addition of the actin gelation factor, actin-binding protein (ABP). The particle response to magnetic torque can be related to the viscoelastic properties of the fluids. We compared data obtained on F-actin by the magnetic particle method with data obtained on F-actin by means of a sliding plane viscoelastometer. F-actin solutions had a significant elasticity, which increased by 20-fold when gels were formed by ABP addition. Both methods gave consistent results, but the dispersed magnetic particles indicated quantitatively greater rigidity than the viscoelastometer (two and six times greater for F-actin solutions and for F-actin plus ABP gels, respectively). These differences may be due to the fact that, compared with traditional microrheometers, dispersed particle measurements are less affected by long-range heterogeneity or domain-like structure. The magnetometric method was used to examine the mechanical properties of cytoplasm within intact macrophages; the application of the same magnetometric technique to both cells and well-defined, purified protein systems is a first step toward interpreting the results obtained for living cells in molecular terms. The magnetic particle probe system is an effective nonoptical technique for determining the motile and mechanical properties of cells in vitro and in vivo.
Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction of Oil from Pistacia Khinjuk Seeds by Using Central Composite Design (2013)

The central composite design (CCD) technique was used to study the enzymatic extraction of oil from pistacia khinjuk seeds by protease and α-amylase. The Temperature (A) (i.e., 40, 50 and 60℃), pH (B) (i.e., 4, 6.5 and 9) and reaction time (C) (i.e., 4, 12 and 20) were considered as independent variables. The influence of these three regressors on percentage of oil recovery from seed was evaluated using second-order polynomial multiple regression model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.99, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the regression model with the experimental data. The positive sign for the coefficient of pH and time in the model indicated that the percentage of oil recovery increased with increased levels of those factors. The negative effect of temperature on the oil recovery indicated that the response levels decreased as A increased. The positive sign for the coefficient of the interaction between two factors B and C on the response indicated that a simultaneous increase in the pH and the reaction time led to an increase in that response. An Optimum condition for this process was obtained based on the enzymatic extraction of pistacia khinjuk seeds by protease in the experiment where the temperature was 59.5℃ and the pH and time reaction were at high level and oil extraction recovery 58.79% and the optimum parameters for oil extraction with α-amylase are as follows: temperature 52.43℃, pH 7.5, reaction time 20 h and oil extraction recovery 66.83%.
Effects of Long-Term Monotherapy With Eplerenone, a Novel Aldosterone Blocker, on Progression of Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Dogs With Heart Failure (2002)

Our results indicate that long-term therapy with eplerenone prevents progressive LV dysfunction and attenuates LV remodeling in dogs with chronic HF.
Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack (2006)

Plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond with targeted induced defenses. Specificity in plant non-self-recognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. Indirect plant perception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence for analogous events mediating the detection of insect herbivores remains elusive. Here we report indirect perception of herbivory in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants attacked by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae. We isolated and identified a disulfide-bridged peptide (+ICDINGVCVDA-), termed inceptin, from S. frugiperda larval oral secretions that promotes cowpea ethylene production at 1 fmol leaf(-1) and triggers increases in the defense-related phytohormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Inceptins are proteolytic fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit regulatory regions that mediate plant perception of herbivory through the induction of volatile, phenylpropanoid, and protease inhibitor defenses. Only S. frugiperda larvae that previously ingested chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit proteins and produced inceptins significantly induced cowpea defenses after herbivory. Digestive fragments of an ancient and essential plant enzyme, inceptin functions as a potent indirect signal initiating specific plant responses to insect attack.