gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient grating diffraction from an interface between two materials: theory and experimental application (1993)

A general theory for transient grating diffraction from both sides of a single interface is developed. The grating is assumed to have an arbitrary amplitude on both sides of a bound interface with the grating wave vector parallel to the interface. The specific spatial origin of the diffracted light is described for both the reflected and the transmitted geometries of diffraction. In the reflected geometry the signal is dominated by diffraction from a region near the interface that is a small fraction of an optical wavelength wide. The transmitted geometry signal measures primarily the mean bulk properties of the sample. An experimental example of thermal-transient grating diffraction from a YBa2Cu3O7−x/SrTiO3 interface is presented. Model calculations for the experimental data are performed to demonstrate that the approach can be used to monitor spatially nonuniform transient grating temporal relaxation.
Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices (2014)

Abstract Solar energy is abundant and environmentally friendly. Light trapping in solar-energy-harvesting devices or structures is of critical importance. This article reviews light trapping with metallic nanostructures for thin film solar cells and selective solar absorbers. The metallic nanostructures can either be used in reducing material thickness and device cost or in improving light absorbance and thereby improving conversion efficiency. The metallic nanostructures can contribute to light trapping by scattering and increasing the path length of light, by generating strong electromagnetic field in the active layer, or by multiple reflections/absorptions. We have also discussed the adverse effect of metallic nanostructures and how to solve these problems and take full advantage of the light-trapping effect.
Evolution of Insect Resistance to Insecticides: A Reevaluation of the Roles of Physiology and Behavior (1984)

Resistance to insecticides is generally considered the result of either physiological or behavioral mechanisms. However, a reevaluation of available information indicates that behavioral and physiological resistance often coexist. A model is proposed which recognizes the fundamental continuity of behavior and physiology and posits that the degree of exclusivity of any resistance mechanism is proportional to the resistive ability of that mechanism. As such, the evolutionary divergence of mechanisms occurs only under unique conditions, and some form of behavioral resistance may generally be expected to coevolve with physiological resistance. In light of the lack of a basic understanding of behavioral resistance and the recent development of pest management strategies incorporating behavioral modification, an intensified study of the actual extent and potential impact of this phenomenon is suggested.
Representation of hierarchical structures in 3D space (2001)

Hierarchical structures are found in much of the data that is used in everyday life including organisational management hierarchies and computer directory structures. The effective visualisation of large hierarchical information structures on limited size and resolution computer displays is important. The evolution of multimedia user interfaces is moving towards 3D graphical user interfaces for certain applications. One possible use of 3D on the WWW would be to extend the concept of presenting information of an organisation in three dimensions. The objective of this research project was to create an object-oriented framework that could be used to represent hierarchical data in 3D space using modified cone trees. Implementing and modelling the data used by a tertiary institution tested the framework. The research shows that frameworks can be used to represented hierarchical structures in 3D space and can assist users in manipulating and better visualising hierarchical data.
A case of allergy to human insulin associated with high IgG/IgE ratio for specific antibodies. (1995)

A 37-year-old woman with a previous history of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma presented local and generalized allergic reactions to bovine, porcine and human insulins. She developed ketoacidosis, high insulin requirements and transient hypoglycemic episodes. Several desensitizing schedules were applied in order to induce tolerance to human insulin therapy. In addition, the following parameters of the humoral immune response were measured in different serum samples taken within 13 days after one of the anaphylactic episodes: insulin antibodies (binding range = 29.4-47.8%; cutoff = 2.6%), total IgE (range = 500-850 IU/ml; normal values = 3.7-269 IU/ml), specific IgE (range = 0.42-0.83 PRU/ml; class 2) and subclasses of specific IgG (IgG1 = 97.2 SDS; IgG2 = 41.1 SDS; IgG3 = 9.9 SDS; IgG4 = 0.3 SDS, on day 1). A binding capacity of 31.8 IU insulin/l obtained by Scatchard analysis was in agreement with episodes of elevated insulin requirements and hypoglycemia. A high anti-insulin IgG/IgE ratio, along with high levels of specific IgG1 antibodies, suggested that the latter antibodies could be involved in the development of anaphylactic episodes.
Development of a Preclinical Model of Spontaneous Human Melanoma Central Nervous System Metastasis (2008)

Metastatic spread of melanoma to the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with dismal prognosis. Preclinical testing of novel therapeutic approaches would be aided by the development of appropriate models of spontaneous CNS metastasis arising from primary tumors. A highly metastatic variant of the WM239A human melanoma cell line, designated 113/6-4L, was generated and used to test the efficacy of long-term, low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide and vinblastine chemotherapy on advanced established metastatic disease in sites such as liver, lungs, and lymph node. This treatment resulted in control of advanced, systemic disease and prolongation of survival. Among long-term surviving mice, 20% showed the presence of spontaneous brain metastases. Two cell lines (131/4-5B1 and 131/4-5B2) were generated from such metastases, which were found to spontaneously metastasize to brain parenchyma with occasional localization to leptomeninges, after orthotopic transplantation and removal of the primary tumor. The cell lines were found to have increased ability to proliferate in brain-conditioned medium and displayed enhanced adhesion to lung and brain endothelial cells. These findings represent the first report of spontaneous CNS metastases generated from primary tumors of any human cancer in mice, which heritably maintains this phenotype, and as such, the variant cell lines generated should aid studies in the biology and treatment of CNS metastases, especially of melanoma origin.
Application of smart organic nanocontainers in feedback active coatings (2009)

The key element of a novel generation of protective coatings with feedback activity to the external and internal triggers is an embedding of smart nano- or microcontainers into the coating matrix. When implanted in various types of coating matrices, these containers with a sensitive polymeric shell and water or oil interior provide controlled release of the encapsulated active materials upon action by external stimuli. In the article at hand we survey recent achievements in this new field of development and application of filled sensitive containers in biomedical and self-healing protective coatings. Diverse stimuli-responsive and self-repairing systems (implants, matrices, coatings) in different branches, from medicine to corrosion protection, are presented and their advantages as well as drawbacks are discussed in terms of the field-specific protection efficiency.
Nanophotonic split-ring resonators as dichroics for molecular spectroscopy (2008)

We describe the design and fabrication of nanostructured silver split-ring resonators and demonstrate their application as dichroic sensors for multipurpose visible wavelength molecular spectroscopy. By producing arrays of these identical nanostructures, with critical dimensions of 30–150nm, we demonstrate the controllable generation of plasmonic resonances at two common visible laser wavelengths, produced as a consequence of the polarization of the light with respect to structural geometry. We show the application of these devices in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, using their dichroic properties to perform molecular sensing of a self-assembled monolayer of 2-mercaptopyridine at both 532 and 633nm.
Las pruebas internacionales del laboratorio SERCE-LLECE: ¿qué evalúa e innova el Proyecto en Lectura y Escritura? (2010)

Este artículo realiza un balance analítico en torno a los fundamentos teóricos, las metodologías y los impactos sociales y pedagógicos del proyecto SERCE, del Laboratorio Latino-americano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación en América Latina y el Caribe(LLECE), coordinado por la UNESCO/OREALC. En tal sentido se ubican los antecedentes del proyecto. Con especial referencia al primer estudio (PERCE, 1997), se destaca el enfoque para el área de lectura y escritura, tanto en el primero como en el segundo estudio. A su vez, se muestran ejemplos de los ítems del SERCE en lectura, con los desempeños alcanzados y se sustentan los matices de la innovación y del impacto de dicha evaluación. El artículo muestra el grado de mejoramiento de los logros de Colombia en lectura, según este aplicativo.
Induction of MicroRNA-24 by HIF-1 Protects Against Ischemic Injury in Rat Cardiomyocytes (2012)

MicroRNAs are emerging as important regulators of cardiac function. This study investigated the role of microRNA-24 (miR-24) in ischemic cardiomyocytes, based on the observation that miR-24 expression was significantly enhanced in the ischemic myocardium of rats. Using primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes, cell injury was induced by ischemic conditions, and the cells were evaluated for changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis. The results showed that miR-24 was increased in myocytes exposed to ischemia. When miR-24 was further overexpressed in ischemic myocytes using the mimic RNA sequence, LDH release was reduced, cell viability was enhanced, and apoptosis and necrosis rates were both decreased. By contrast, a deficiency in miR-24 resulted in the largest LDH release, lowest cell viability and highest apoptosis and necrosis rates in normal and ischemic myocytes, with significant changes compared to that of non-transfected myocytes. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of the pro-apoptotic gene, BCL2L11, were down-regulated by miR-24 overexpression and up-regulated by miR-24 deficiency. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed BCL2L11 to be a target of miR-24. Overall, this study showed a protective role for miR-24 against myocardial ischemia by inhibiting BCL2L11, and may represent a potential novel treatment for ischemic heart disease.
Targeted disruption of the interferon-γ receptor 2 gene results in severe immune defects in mice (1998)

To study the role of the interferon- (IFN) gammaR2 chain in IFN-gamma signaling and immune function, IFN-gammaR2-deficient mice have been generated and characterized. Cells derived from IFN-gammaR2 -/- mice are unable to activate either JAK/STAT signaling proteins or gene transcription in response to IFN-gamma. The lack of IFN-gamma responsiveness alters IFN-gamma-induced Ig class switching by B cells from these mice. In vitro cultures of T cells demonstrate that the T cells from the IFN-gammaR2 -/- mice have a defect in Th1 cell differentiation. The IFN-gammaR2 (-/-) mice also produce lower amounts of IFN-gamma in response to antigenic challenge. In addition, IFN-gammaR2 -/- mice are defective in contact hypersensitivity and are highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. These results demonstrate that the IFN-gammaR2 is essential for IFN-gamma-mediated immune responses in vivo.
Studies on the hydrolysis of sodium aluminate solutions. XIX.<i>x</i>‐ray diffraction studies of the crystals precipitated by seeded decomposition of sodium aluminate solution in the presence of some carbohydrates (1960)

Abstract X ‐Ray diffraction studies were carried out on the hydrated alumina precipitated during the seeded decomposition of sodium aluminate solution in the presence of glucose, cane sugar and starch (white potato), and the results are considered in relation to the rate of decomposition. Glucose and sugar suppress bayerite formation, may increase crystallite size, and slow down decomposition. Starch is without effect on bayerite formation and increases the rate and extent of decomposition.
Materno-fetal outcome in women undergoing repeat caesarean section after previous 2 caesarean sections in a tertiary care centre (2022)

There is always a dilemma for the gestational age at which caesarean can be planned in cases of previous two caesarean sections to reduce both maternal and fetal adverse outcome. Obstetricians always try to balance between poor perinatal outcomes of early term delivery and poor maternal outcomes of late term delivery. A Prospective observational study was conducted in Women with previous two caesarean deliveries at 34-42 weeks of gestation with singleton live pregnancy admitted in a tertiary care hospital for repeat caesarean section for a period of 6 months in 100 cases, to study the maternal and fetal outcome in patients undergoing repeat caesarean section in case of two previous 2 caesarean cases.
Type I IFN Negatively Regulates CD8+ T Cell Responses through IL-10-Producing CD4+ T Regulatory 1 Cells (2005)

Pleiotropic, immunomodulatory effects of type I IFN on T cell responses are emerging. We used vaccine-induced, antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses in IFN-beta (IFN-beta(-/-))- or type I IFN receptor (IFNAR(-/-))-deficient mice to study immunomodulating effects of type I IFN that are not complicated by the interference of a concomitant virus infection. Compared with normal B6 mice, IFNAR(-/-) or IFN-beta(-/-) mice have normal numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory (T(R)) cells in liver and spleen. Twice as many CD8(+) T cells specific for different class I-restricted epitopes develop in IFNAR(-/-) or IFN-beta(-/-) mice than in normal animals after peptide- or DNA-based vaccination. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and clonal expansion of specific CD8(+) T cells from normal and knockout mice are similar. CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(R) cells down-modulate vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cell responses in normal, IFNAR(-/-), or IFN-beta(-/-) mice to a comparable extent. Low IFN-alpha or IFN-beta doses (500-10(3) U/mouse) down-modulate CD8(+) T cells priming in vivo. IFNAR- and IFN-beta-deficient mice generate 2- to 3-fold lower numbers of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells after polyclonal or specific stimulation in vitro or in vivo. CD8(+) T cell responses are thus subjected to negative control by both CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(R) cells and CD4(+)IL-10(+) T(R1) cells, but only development of the latter T(R) cells depends on type I IFN.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices – 20 Years' Experience of Implantation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients (2008)

This study concurs with others that TIVADs are safe and effective, with a favourable life-span in cystic fibrosis patients if well looked after in a specialist centre. Complications of infection, leakage and occlusion do occur. Using an open, venous cut-down technique with fluoroscopic control avoids any immediate intrathoracic complications.
Windows NT multi-threaded design in a multi-link translator and display system (2003)

The future vision of communication systems suggests a global grid will be used to enable links among any battlefield participant to any other participant. In the meantime, there are many diverse data links that have grown over many years, consumed substantial investment of effort and funding, and are not amenable to wholesale modernization. Consequently, there is a need for a set of tools to allow interconnected communications among the existing data links. The multi-link translator and display system (MTDS) offers this set of tools. The MTDS provides three basic capabilities: to receive and display tactical data link information, to translate between tactical data link message sets, and to route the data link information between various physical interfaces. MTDS translates between Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) A, TADIL B and TADIL J. This paper first describes the MTDS and then presents its Windows NT multi-threaded design.
Structure and Chromosomal Localization of the<i>RAE28/HPHI</i>Gene, a Human Homologue of the<i>Potyhomeotic</i>Gene (2000)

The Polycomb group of (Pc-G) genes and trithorax group of genes are known to play a crucial role in the maintenance of the transcriptional repression state of Hox genes, probably through modification of the chromatin configuration. The rae28/mph1 gene is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila polyhomeotic gene, which belongs to the Pc-G genes. As reported previously, we established mice deficient in the rae28/mph1 gene and showed that these homozygous animals displayed the developmental defects compatible with a human congenital disorder, CATCH22 syndrome. In this study we analyzed the structural organization of the human counterpart of the rae28/mph1 gene (RAE28/HPH1) and its processed pseudogene (psiPH), which are located on, respectively, human chromosome 12p13 and 12q13. The HPH1 gene consists of 15 exons spanning approximately 26 kb and its structural organization is well conserved between mouse and human. These genetic information of the RAE28/HPH1 gene may provide an important clue for further examination of its involvement in human congenital disorders related to CATCH22 syndrome.
Positron emission tomography using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in malignant lymphoma: a comparison with proliferative activity. (1992)

To evaluate the relationship between PET using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and pathological findings and to compare indices obtained by FDG-PET, FDG-PET was performed in 23 patients with untreated malignant lymphoma. Three indices obtained by FDG-PET, tumor-to-normal contrast ratio (TCR), distribution absorption ratio (DAR), k1k2/(k2 + k3), correlated with proliferative activity which was pathologically estimated both by mitotic count and by proportion of cells in all phases of the cell cycle. The relationship did not significantly change according to which of the three indices was chosen. FDG-PET, which shows the proliferative activity of tumors, is considered to be a useful method for managing tumors.
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Releases Interleukin-6, But Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,<i>in Vivo</i><sup>1</sup> (1997)

We measured arterio-venous differences in concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) across a sc adipose tissue bed in the postabsorptive state in 39 subjects [22 women and 17 men; median age, 36 yr (interquartile range, 26-48 yr); body mass index, 31.8 kg/m2 (range, 22.3- 38.7 kg/m2); percent body fat, 28.7% (range, 17.6-50.7%)]. A subgroup of 8 subjects had arteriovenous differences measured across forearm muscle. Thirty subjects were studied from late morning to early evening; 19 ate a high carbohydrate meal around 1300 h, and 11 continued to fast. We found a greater than 2-fold increase in IL-6 concentrations across the adipose tissue bed [arterial, 2.27 pg/mL (range, 1.42-3.53 pg/mL); venous, 6.71 pg/mL (range, 3.36-9.62 pg/mL); P < 0.001], but not across forearm muscle. Arterial plasma concentrations of IL-6 correlated significantly with body mass index (Spearman's r = 0.48; P < 0.01) and percent body fat (Spearman's r = 0.49; P < 0.01). Subcutaneous adipose tissue IL-6 production increased by the early evening (1800-1900 h) in both subjects who had extended their fasting and those who had eaten. Neither deep forearm nor sc adipose tissue consistently released TNF alpha [across adipose tissue: arterial, 1.83 pg/mL (range, 1.36-2.34 pg/mL); venous, 1.85 pg/mL (range, 1.44-2.53 pg/mL); P = NS: across forearm muscle: arterial, 1.22 pg/mL (range, 0.74-2.76 pg/mL); venous, 0.99 pg/mL (range, 0.69-1.70 pg/mL); P = NS]. Although both IL-6 and TNF alpha are expressed by adipose tissue, our results show that there are important differences in their systemic release. TNF alpha is not released by this sc depot. In contrast, IL-6 is released from the depot and is thereby able to signal systemically.
Adaptive Motion Model for Human Tracking Using Particle Filter (2010)

This paper presents a novel approach to model the complex motion of human using a probabilistic autoregressive moving average model. The parameters of the model are adaptively tuned during the course of tracking by utilizing the main varying components of the pdf of the target's acceleration and velocity. This motion model, along with the color histogram as the measurement model, has been incorporated in the particle filtering framework for human tracking. The proposed method is evaluated by PETS benchmark in which the targets have non-smooth motion and suddenly change their motion direction. Our method competes with the state-of-the-art techniques for human tracking in the real world scenario.
Predictive Value of Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19‐9 in Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (2011)

Serum CA 19-9 level has good predictive value for malignant or invasive IPMNs. Patients with CA 19-9 > 63.60 U/ml had poor postoperative prognosis in IPMNs. Preoperative abnormal serum CA 19-9 might be predictive for an aggressive surgical intervention in IPMNs.
MRI of Pregnancy-Related Issues: Abnormal Placentation (2012)

As abnormal placentation becomes more prevalent, in large part due to the markedly rising rates of cesarean delivery, there is a need for accurate antenatal diagnosis of this condition to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Maternal and fetal outcomes can be optimized through multidisciplinary planning to achieve accurate diagnosis and anticipation of the extent of abnormal placentation in the antenatal period. Imaging findings of abnormal placentation have been described for both ultrasound and MRI, although limitations exist for each technique. Although ultrasound remains the primary screening modality for the detection of abnormal placentation, MRI is a complementary technique that should be considered when ultrasound is inconclusive or incomplete. Familiarity with MRI techniques to assess the placenta, MRI appearance of normal placenta, and imaging findings that suggest abnormal placentation can help radiologists contribute to a successful maternal outcome.
ANALYSIS OF THERMO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR IN BILLET CASTING (2002)

POSCO, Steelmaking Research Group, Technical Research Lab., Pohang, Kyungbuk, Korea Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Tel: 1-217-333-6919 Fax: 1-217-244-6534 Email: bgthomas@uiuc.edu Department of Metals and Metallurgical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 111-2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Decreased intestinal CYP3A in celiac disease: Reversal after successful gluten-free diet: A potential source of interindividual variability in first-pass drug metabolism* (1996)

We conclude that patients with celiac disease have low intestinal CYP3A immunoreactivity and that treatment with a gluten-free diet is associated with an increase in intestinal CYP3A immunoreactive protein. Our findings suggest that intestinal disease and variability in intestinal CYP3A activity might be an unexamined variable that may contribute to interindividual variability in drug disposition.