gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-Phase Assembly and In Situ Screening of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors (2008)

A highly efficient solid-phase strategy for assembly of small molecule inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is described. The method is highlighted by its simplicity and product purity. A 70-member combinatorial library of analogues of a known PTP1B inhibitor has been synthesized, which upon direct in situ screening revealed a potent inhibitor ( Ki = 7.0 microM) against PTP1B.
Electrospray as a Source of Nanoparticles for Efficient Colloid Thrusters (2001)

The need for electric propulsion in the thrust range of tens of micro-Newtons has triggered therebirth of colloid thrustertechnology.Theabilitytodeliverthrustattheselevelsinacontrollablefashionwillenhancetheuseofsmall satellites(massessmallerthan some20kg )and theexecutionofspacemissionsinwhichvery accuratepositioning of spacecraftsisrequired.Wepresenthereanovelapproachtothee eldofcolloidthrusters.Likepreviouseffortsituses electrospray as the mean of producing charged colloids. However, it differs in the spraying regime employed. Electrosprays of highly conducting propellants in single cone-jet mode allow the generation of droplets of high specie c charge at operating voltages lower than in the earlier era of colloid thruster research. In this article we use energy analysis techniques to characterize electrospray beams and to measure their thrust and specie c impulse. We have studied three novel propellants: formamide, tributyl phosphate, and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trie uoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The thrust, specie c impulse, and efe ciency associated with a single spray of the most conducting formamide solution are typically 0.3 πN, 300 s, and 75% for an acceleration voltage of 1300 V. The electrospray phenomenology presented in this article is diverse. For example, by varying the electrospraying parametersweareabletostudyemissionmodesinwhich1 )solvatedionsaree eldevaporatedfromthejet’ ssurface, 2) both satellite and main droplets result from the jet’ s breakup, and 3 ) only main droplets are emitted.
An Autonomic Control Plane (2015)

functions need a control plane to communicate, which depends
on some addressing and routing. This Control Plane should
ideally be self-managing, and as independent as possible of
configuration. One application is a virtual out of band channel for
communications over a network that is not configured or mis-
configured. This document describes requirements and implementation
options for an Autonomic Control Plane.
Spatial resolution in thin film deposition on silicon surfaces by combining silylation and UV/ozonolysis (2014)

A simple procedure has been developed for the processing of silicon wafers in order to facilitate the spatially resolved growth of thin solid films on their surfaces. Specifically, a combination of silylation and UV/ozonolysis was tested as a way to control the concentration of the surface hydroxo groups required for subsequent atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metals or oxides. Water contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the surface, a proxy for OH surface coverage, and to optimize the UV/ozonolysis treatment. Silylation with hexamethyldisilazane, trichloro(octadecyl)silane, or trimethylchlorosilane was found to be an efficient way to block the hydroxo sites and to passivate the underlying surface, and UV/O3 treatments were shown to effectively remove the silylation layer and to regain the surface reactivity. Both O3 and 185 nm UV radiation were determined necessary for the removal of the silylation layer, and additional 254 nm radiation was found to enhance the process. Attenuated total reflection-infrared absorption spectroscopy was employed to assess the success of the silylation and UV/O3 removal steps, and atomic force microscopy data provided evidence for the retention of the original smoothness of the surface. Selective growth of HfO2 films via TDMAHf + H2O ALD was seen only on the UV/O3 treated surfaces; total inhibition of the deposition was observed on the untreated silylated surfaces (as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry). Residual film growth was still detected on the latter if the ALD was carried out at high temperatures (250 °C), because the silylation layer deteriorates under such harsh conditions and forms surface defects that act as nucleation sites for the growth of oxide grains (as identified by electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). We believe that the silylation-UV/O3 procedure advanced here could be easily implemented for the patterning of surfaces in many microelectronic applications.
Methane storage in porous metal−organic frameworks: current records and future perspectives (2010)

Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel family of physisorptive materials exhibiting great potential for methane storage applications. Several MOF compounds have been reported to exhibit high methane uptake at room temperature and modest pressure, with a few even surpassing the target for material-based, adsorbed methane storage set by U.S. Department of Energy. Here we briefly review the rapid research progress in recent years on methane storage in MOFs and highlight the current record holders. We also discuss the current understanding of the methane storage mechanism in these fascinating materials and outline the future directions in this field.
Facile Conversion of Hydroxy Double Salts to Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Metal Oxide Particles and Atomic Layer Deposition Thin-Film Templates (2015)

Rapid room-temperature synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly desired for industrial implementation and commercialization. Here we find that a (Zn,Cu) hydroxy double salt (HDS) intermediate formed in situ from ZnO particles or thin films enables rapid growth (<1 min) of HKUST-1 (Cu3(BTC)2) at room temperature. The space-time-yield reaches >3 × 10(4) kg·m(-3)·d(-1), at least 1 order of magnitude greater than any prior report. The high anion exchange rate of (Zn,Cu) hydroxy nitrate HDS drives the ultrafast MOF formation. Similarly, we obtained Cu-BDC, ZIF-8, and IRMOF-3 structures from HDSs, demonstrating synthetic generality. Using ZnO thin films deposited via atomic layer deposition, MOF patterns are obtained on pre-patterned surfaces, and dense HKUST-1 coatings are grown onto various form factors, including polymer spheres, silicon wafers, and fibers. Breakthrough tests show that the MOF-functionalized fibers have high adsorption capacity for toxic gases. This rapid synthesis route is also promising for new MOF-based composite materials and applications.
Contact Duplication of Transverse Videotape Recordings (1970)

Broadcast-quality copies of quadruplex transverse videotape recordings have been produced in the laboratory by the contact-duplication process. The program material is recorded on high-coercivity tape in a mirror-image format. The oxide surfaces of this master tape and a conventional tape are pressed together and are passed through a transfer field to effect the duplication of the video material, while the audio, cue and control tracks are played back and re-recorded on the slave. Topics discussed include choices of production techniques for obtaining the high-coercivity master recording, comparison of the two basic configurations for a duplicating system, the copy rates obtainable with each of these configurations, and the major parameters to be considered in selecting a copy tape as well as a high-coercivity master. Performance characteristics which can be expected on distribution copies made by the contact duplication technique are presented.
16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a dibenzo-p-dioxin-degrading isolate within the new genus Sphingomonas (1993)

Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons have been used to determine the phylogenetic placement of the Elbe River isolate RW1, the first described bacterium capable of complete mineralization of dibenzo‐p‐dioxin. Sequence similarities, cluster analysis and signature positions demonstrate that RW1 groups with other species of Sphingomonas as a distinct, new species of this genus.
The Rectilinear Steiner Tree Problem is $NP$-Complete (1977)

An optimum rectilinear Steiner tree for a set A of points in the plane is a tree which interconnects A using horizontal and vertical lines of shortest possible total length. Such trees correspond to single net wiring patterns on printed backplanes which minimize total wire length. We show that the problem of determining this minimum length, given A, is $NP$-complete. Thus the problem of finding optimum rectilinear Steiner trees is probably computationally hopeless, and the emphasis of the literature for this problem on heuristics and special case algorithms is well justified. A number of intermediary lemmas concerning the $NP$-completeness of certain graph-theoretic problems are proved and may be of independent interest.
Rhizome and Herbage Production of Endophyte‐Removed Tall Fescue Clones and Populations (1990)

Abstract Grass endophytes alter the morphology and growth of their hosts. The endophyte ( Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones and Gams) benefits the tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plant by increasing dry matter production and drought tolerance. Rhizomatous tall fescue was also found to be more persistent and competitive in mixed swards, but the effect of endophyte infection on rhizome expression is unknown. This study was conducted to determine the effect of endophyte removal on rhizome and herbage production of clones and populations of tall fescue. Six clones and four populations (‘Kentucky 31,’ Georgia‐5, Georgia‐Jesup, and Georgia‐Jesup Improved), infected with A. coenophialum and the same clones and populations with the endophyte removed were evaluated for rhizome production, tillering, and herbage and root yield after 12 wk of growth in the greenhouse. No differences in rhizome production were detected between either infected and noninfected clones or populations. However, endophyte infection increased tillering, herbage growth and root growth by 12, 18, and 25%, respectively. A significant (P < 0.01) interaction was detected between endophyte infection and populations for herbage growth with infection increasing herbage growth in Kentucky 31 but decreasing growth in Georgia‐Jesup. Interaction between populations and endophyte infection suggest that the data obtained should not be extrapolated to other germplasm or environmental conditions.
Synthesis of <sup>14</sup>C‐ and <sup>3</sup>H‐labeled fluoxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (1987)

Abstract Fluoxetine (N‐methyl‐γ‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine) is a potent, highly selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is useful in treating a variety of major psychiatric derangements. We have synthesized this compound in 14 C‐ and 3 H‐labeled forms. The tritium label was introduced in the final step by catalytic dehalogenation of the brominated fluoxetine precursor 6 . Reaction conditions could be controlled such that catalytic hydrogenolysis of the labile C‐O benzylic bond was minimized. Following HPLC purification, [ 3 H]‐fluoxetine was obtained in a state of high radiochemical purity (98%) and specific activity (20.4 Ci/mmol). The 14 C‐label was introduced in the final step via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between the sodium salt of α‐(2‐(methylamino)ethyl)benzenemethanol and uniformly ring‐labeled p‐chlorobenzotrifluoride. Following purification by flash chromatography, [ 14 C]‐fluoxetine was obtained in 98.3% radiochemical purity with a specific activity of 5.52 mCi/mmol.
The experience of faculty development: patterns of variation in conceptions of teaching (2008)

As research demands continue to weigh heavily on junior and non‐tenured faculty, the need to maintain and develop sound teaching is crucial. Yet few studies have systematically explored how a faculty development program (FDP) can impact the way that faculty experience or conceive of teaching. In this study, we examine how a year‐long FDP impacts the conceptions of teaching held by early‐career faculty. We interviewed 22 tenure‐track faculty participants, pre‐ and post‐program, categorizing their conceptions of teaching from the transcripts. The analysis drew on conceptual frameworks of faculty conceptions of teaching derived from phenomenographic literature increasingly used in Europe, Asia, and Australia, but not in the USA. The present study identifies and explores a range of patterns of experience that emerged over the course of an American FDP program. We discuss the broader implications of these patterns for the study and understanding of faculty development programs. Alors que les demandes reliées à la recherche pèsent lourdement sur les enseignants débutants et sans permanence, le besoin de maintenir et de développer une solide pédagogie s'avère crucial. Pourtant, peu de recherches ont systématiquement exploré quel impact peut avoir un programme de développement pour les enseignants (PDE) sur la façon selon laquelle les enseignants conçoivent ou font l'expérience de l'enseignement. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous examinons comment un PDE d'une durée d'un an peut avoir un impact sur les conceptions de l'enseignement entretenues par des enseignants en début de carrière. Nous avons effectué des entretiens auprès de 22 enseignants en pré‐titularisation conditionnelle (tenure‐track), avant et suite à leur participation au programme, et avons catégorisé leurs conceptions de l'enseignement à partir des transcriptions. L'analyse s'est inspirée de cadres conceptuels portant sur les conceptions de l'enseignement provenant de la littérature phénoménographique de plus en plus utilisée en Europe, en Asie et en Australie, mais pas aux Etats‐Unis. Cette étude identifie et explore un éventail de modèles d'expériences qui ont pris forme tout au long d'un programme américain de PDE. Nous présentons les implications plus vastes de ces modèles pour contribuer à l’étude et à la compréhension des programmes de développement pédagogique.
Satellite diversity in mobile satellite CDMA systems (2001)

The paper addresses the exploitation of satellite diversity in a satellite mobile network. In particular, we focus on the impact of diversity on service availability and on system capacity, considering the forward link of a CDMA system with a multisatellite and multibeam architecture. The analysis includes the effects of path blockage, intrabeam and interbeam interference, imperfect power control, and fading correlation in the time-domain due to nonideal interleaving. A closed-form solution is given for the estimation of system capacity. We show that satellite diversity is essential in providing service availability in urban and suburban areas, while the impact of satellite diversity on system capacity may be positive or negative, mainly depending on the fading channel characteristics. In particular, diversity becomes more and more beneficial for increasing fading time-domain correlation (i.e., for low mobile speed and/or limited interleaving depth). The analytical results have been validated by means of Monte Carlo simulation.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase of thermophilic Thermothrix thiopara (1985)

An activity which released free uracil from dUMP-containing DNA was purified approximately 1,700-fold from extracts of Thermothrix thiopara, the first such activity to be isolated from extremely thermophilic bacteria. The enzyme appeared homogeneous, according to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It had a native molecular weight of 26,000 and existed as a monomer protein in water solution. The enzyme had an optimal activity at 70 degrees C, between pH 7.5 and 9.0, and in the presence of 0.2% Triton X-100. It had no cofactor requirement and was not inhibited by EDTA, but it was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. The purified enzyme did not contain any nuclease that acted on native or depurinated DNA. The Arrhenius activation energy was 76 kJ/mol between 30 and 50 degrees C and 11 kJ/mol between 50 and 70 degrees C. The rate of heat inactivation of the enzyme followed first-order kinetics with a half-life of 2 min at 70 degrees C. Ammonium sulfate and bovine serum albumin protected the enzyme from heat inactivation. One T. thiopara cell contains enough activity to release about 2 X 10(8) uracil residues from DNA during one generation time at 70 degrees C.
Assessment of myocardial fatty acid metabolic abnormalities in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using <sup>123</sup>I BMIPP SPECT: correlation with clinicopathological findings and clinical course (1999)

The extent of the abnormality of myocardial fatty acid metabolism in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy reflects the severity of haemodynamic deterioration and histopathological changes. Type B mismatching is one of the important prognostic indicators in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Thermodynamics of tetragonal zirconia formation in a nanolaminate film (1996)

Zirconia–alumina transformation-toughening nanolaminates were fabricated by reactive sputter deposition. The average crystallite size and volume fraction of each zirconia polymorph were determined by x-ray diffraction. The volume fraction of tetragonal zirconia, the phase necessary for transformation toughening, was found to strongly depend upon the zirconia layer thickness. An end-point thermodynamics model involving hemispherical cap zirconia crystallites was developed to explain this phenomenon. In excellent agreement with experimental results, the model predicts that unity volume fraction of tetragonal zirconia is produced in the nanolaminate when the zirconia layer thickness is less than the radius at which a growing zirconia crystallite spontaneously transforms to the monoclinic phase.
Pharmacological studies on Myristica fragrans Antidiarrheal,hypnotic, analgesic and hemodynamic (blood pressure) parameters (2002)

Recurrent diarrhea is prevalent in developing countries, particularly in tropical regions. A natural based antidiarrheal home remedy can serve as an ideal health tool to limit diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality. In the traditional Indian medical science of Ayurveda, nutmeg is one such plant said to possess antidiarrheal activity. A study was therefore planned to assess the various pharmacological effects (antidiarrheal, sedative, analgesic and blood pressure) of nutmeg. Both Nutmeg crude suspension (NMC) and petroleum ether (PE), but not aqueous extract (Aq), decreased the mean number of loose stools or increased the latency period. NMC increased intestinal tone while PE had no such effect. PE had no effect on guinea pig ileum, but inhibited the contraction produced by acetylcholine, histamine and prostaglandin. NMC but not PE extract showed a significant but weak analgesic effect. While PE effectively potentiated both phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, NMC was considerably less effective. NMC administered intraduodenally did not produce much effect on blood pressure (BP), but potentiated the action of exogenously administered adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. On the other hand, PE in higher, but not lower, doses caused a precipitous fall in BP not blocked by atropine. Thus, overall extracts of nutmeg showed a good antidiarrheal effect, with a significant sedative property. The extracts possessed only a weak analgesic effect, with no harmful effects on blood pressure and ECG.
Enolase-1 promotes plasminogen-mediated recruitment of monocytes to the acutely inflamed lung (2009)

Cell surface-associated proteolysis plays a crucial role in the migration of mononuclear phagocytes to sites of inflammation. The glycolytic enzyme enolase-1 (ENO-1) binds plasminogen at the cell surface, enhancing local plasmin production. This study addressed the role played by ENO-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven chemokine-directed monocyte migration and matrix invasion in vitro, as well as recruitment of monocytes to the alveolar compartment in vivo. LPS rapidly up-regulated ENO-1 cell-surface expression on human blood monocytes and U937 cells due to protein translocation from cytosolic pools, which increased plasmin generation, enhanced monocyte migration through epithelial monolayers, and promoted matrix degradation. These effects were abrogated by antibodies directed against the plasminogen binding site of ENO-1. Overexpression of ENO-1 in U937 cells increased their migratory and matrix-penetrating capacity, which was suppressed by overexpression of a truncated ENO-1 variant lacking the plasminogen binding site (ENO-1DeltaPLG). In vivo, intratracheal LPS application in mice promoted alveolar recruitment of monocytic cells that overexpressed ENO-1, but not of cells overexpressing ENO-1DeltaPLG. Consistent with these data, pneumonia-patients exhibited increased ENO-1 cell-surface expression on blood monocytes and intense ENO-1 staining of mononuclear cells in the alveolar space. These data suggest an important mechanism of inflammatory cell invasion mediated by increased cell-surface expression of ENO-1.
Alkylthioglycerol Prodrugs of Foscarnet: Synthesis, Oral Bioavailability and Structure–Activity Studies in Human Cytomegalovirus-, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1- and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Cells (1998)

In a previous study, we reported that 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-foscarnet (ODG-PFA) was 40 to 93 times more potent than free foscarnet (PFA) in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells. To evaluate the effect of substituting a 1-S-alkyl thioether for a 1-O-alkyl ether, we synthesized a series of PFA conjugates of 1-S-alkyl-sn-thioglycerols with varied 1-S-alkyl chain lengths. To establish structure-activity relationships we measured the in vitro antiviral activity of liposomal formulations of the drugs in cells infected with HCMV, HSV-1 or HIV-1. The optimum 1-S-alkyl chain length in the series was 16 to 18 carbon atoms. We compared the antiviral activity of 16- and 18-carbon alkyl thioglycerol versus alkylglycerol prodrugs and did not observe any significant differences in their antiviral activities. The series' most active member, 1-S-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-foscarnet (ODSG-PFA) was 56-, eight- and 45-fold more active than PFA in HCMV-, HSV-1- and HIV-1-infected cells in vitro. The oral absorption of PFA and 1-S-octadecyl-sn-thioglycero-3-PFA was compared in mice by measuring plasma levels of 14C after oral administration of radiolabelled compounds. The peak plasma level of 14C was sevenfold higher following administration of [14C]ODSG-PFA than following an equimolar dose of [14C]PFA. Area-under-the-curve was 23-fold greater for ODSG-PFA than for PFA. Like previously reported alkyloxyether-lipid PFA conjugates, alkylthioether conjugates provided enhanced antiviral activity and oral bioavailability. However, S-ether conjugates may be metabolized differently than O-ether conjugates. More detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of the alkyl-thioether-PFA conjugates is required.
Preparation of 1-substituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives of 2,6-naphthyridine (2002)

Novel 1-substituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives of 3-amino-2,6-naphthyridine were prepared by the base-mediated intramolecular cyclization of 3-cyano-methylpyridine-4carbonitrile and 3-(1-cyano-3-alkenyl)pyridine-4-carbonitriles. The latter nitriles were then converted to pyrrolo[2,3-c]-2,6-naphthyridines by palladium catalyzed amination.