gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg-HBV DNA-positive) with lymphoblastoid alpha interferon with or without corticosteroids: short- and long-term follow-up. (1997)

Efficacy and safety of therapy with lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha alone or combined with deflazacort has been investigated in 38 HBsAg-HBeAg+ patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis. Group I received 5 MU/m2 interferon thrice a week for 26 weeks; group II took interferon for 26 weeks simultaneously with a 6-week course of deflazacort. Follow-up was 18-72 months (median 42). After 12 months, responses were achieved in 3 (18%) out of 17 patients on interferon alone vs 5 (26%, p > 0.05) out of 19 on combined therapy. Blind histological assessment revealed no improvement in either group or in patients who responded to therapy within the first year of follow-up ("early responders"). "Delayed" responses were observed in 4 (29%) patients who took interferon alone vs 5 (36%, p > 0.05) who took the combined therapy. Serum HBV DNA levels decreased significantly during treatment and remained low up to 24 and 36 months of follow-up in both groups. One early responder developed hepatocellular carcinoma, another had exacerbation of liver disease in long-term follow-up. No non-responders developed liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. These results indicate that lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha inhibits HBV replication and corticosteroids have no synergistic effect in treatment of HBsAg-HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis.
Atrial fibrillation and stroke after atrial septal defect closure. Is earlier closure warranted? (2015)

Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are the most common congenital cardiac abnormalities in adults. Patients frequently present with symptoms for the first time at adult age. One of the most common late complications of an ASD is the development of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs), especially atrial fibrillation (AF). In a large population-based study from Ontario, the prevalence of AT was 19% in adult patients with ASD, which is fourfold higher than that in the general population.1 The incidence of AT continues to increase with age.2 ,3 This vulnerability to AT is not surprising considering the long-standing haemodynamic derangements due to left-to-right shunting causing atrial stretch, RV dilatation, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and atrioventricular valve regurgitation. The resultant atrial electrical remodelling with increased dispersion of atrial refractoriness may predispose to AT. Furthermore, in surgically corrected patients, the presence of patches and suture lines may create the substrate for macroreentry AT.

The current guidelines recommend closure of an ASD when there are signs of RV volume overload (in the absence of pulmonary hypertension) or if there is a suspicion of paradoxical embolism. In earlier studies, the prevalence of prior AT at the time of surgical closure at adult age is approximately 20%.2 ,3 ASD closure is associated with reduction in right atrial and ventricular volume and an increase in RVEF. However, atrial electrical and structural remodelling …
PD-L1 is a critical mediator of regulatory B cells and T cells in invasive breast cancer (2016)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a key mediator in regulating anti-tumor immune suppression, tumor immune escape, metastasis and relapse, are considered an important therapeutic target in immunotherapy of human cancers. In the present investigation, elevated CD19<sup>+</sup> CD24<sup>+</sup> CD38<sup>+</sup> regulatory B cells (Bregs) were observed in PBMCs of invasive carcinoma of breast (IBCa) patients compared with that in patients with fibroadenoma (FIBma) or healthy individuals, and the positive correlation existed between Bregs and CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> CD127<sup>-</sup> Tregs (r = 0.316, P = 0.001). We found that PD-L1 expression was higher on Bregs in IBCa patients compared with patients with FIBma or healthy individuals (P < 0.05, respectively), and that a tight correlation exists between CD19<sup>+</sup> CD24<sup>+</sup> CD38<sup>+</sup> PD-L1<sup>+</sup> Bregs and CD19<sup>+</sup> CD24<sup>+</sup> CD38<sup>+</sup> Bregs (r = 0.267, P = 0.007), poor TNM phases and up-regulated expression of PD-L1 on Bregs. The pattern of PD-1 expression on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells indicated that high level of PD-1<sup>hi</sup> expressed on CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> CD127<sup>+</sup> effector T cells (P < 0.001). More importantly, the presence of PD-L1 on Bregs was positively correlated with Tregs (r = 0.299, P = 0.003), but negatively correlated with PD-1<sup>hi</sup> effector T cells (r = -0.22, P = 0.031). Together, results of the present study indicated that PD-L1 is an important molecule on Bregs, mediated the generation of Tregs in IBCa.
A family of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized borenium ions for metal-free imine hydrogenation catalysis (2015)

This manuscript probes the steric and electronic attributes that lead to "frustrated Lewis pair" (FLP)-type catalysis of imine hydrogenation by borenium ions. Hydride abstraction from (I<i>t</i>Bu)HB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub><b>2</b> prompts intramolecular C-H bond activation to give (CHN)<sub>2</sub>(<i>t</i>Bu) (CMe<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)CB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub><b>3</b>, defining an upper limit of Lewis acidity for FLP hydrogenation catalysis. A series of seven N-heterocyclic carbene-borane (NHC-borane) adducts ((R'CNR)<sub>2</sub>C)(HBC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>14</sub>) (R' = H, R = dipp <b>4a</b>, Mes <b>5a</b>, Me <b>8a</b>; R = Me R' = Me <b>9a</b>, Cl, <b>10a</b>) and ((HC)<sub>2</sub>(NMe)(NR)C)(HBC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>14</sub>) (R = <i>t</i>Bu, <b>6a</b>, Ph <b>7a</b>) are prepared and converted to corresponding borenium salts. These species are evaluated as catalysts for metal-free imine hydrogenation at room temperature. Systematic tuning of the carbene donor for the hydrogenation of archetypal substrate <i>N</i>-benzylidene-<i>tert</i>-butylamine achieves the highest reported turn-over frequencies for FLP-catalyzed hydrogenation at amongst the lowest reported catalyst loadings. The most active NHC-borenium catalyst of this series, derived from <b>10a</b>, is readily isolable, crystallographically characterized and shown to be effective in the hydrogenation catalysis of functional group-containing imines and N-heterocycles.
Multiple myeloma: an immunologic profile. IV. The EA rosette-forming cell is a Leu-1 positive immunoregulatory B cell. (1987)

Patients with myeloma have a depressed capacity to respond to antigenic challenge. Studies in this laboratory have previously described an unclassified lymphoid cell which binds human erythrocytes coated with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-D antibody (EA) as important in the inhibition of Ig synthesis in myeloma patients. Using monoclonal antibodies, two-color fluorescence studies, and flow cytometry, we characterized this EA cell as a Leu-1+ (cluster designation (CD) 5), Leu-12+ (CD 19), Leu-16+ (CD 20), B2+ (CD 21), Leu-14+ (CD 22), and HLA-DR+ B cell. The cell was negative for antibodies to Leu-2 (CD 8), Leu-3 (CD 4), Leu-4 (CD 3), Leu-5 (CD 2), Leu-7, Leu-8, Leu-11 (CD 16), Leu-M1 (CD 15), Leu-M3, and CALLA (CD 10). This profile is consistent with a Leu-1+ B cell and excludes a T cell, natural killer cell, and monocyte. Comparison of the relative role of these cells to the role of monocytes in the suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated Ig synthesis was determined in serial studies on 19 myeloma patients. The mean (+/- SEM) percentage of inhibition of Ig synthesis by monocytes from stage I myeloma patients was 14 +/- 2.2%, from stage II patients was 37 +/- 3.5%, and from stage III patients was 51 +/- 4.7%. Inhibition of Ig synthesis by Leu-1+ EA cells was 46 +/- 1.5%, 48 +/- 1.6%, and 43 +/- 3.7% in stage I, II, and III patients, respectively. Immunosuppressive B cells are an important component of inhibition of Ig synthesis in the immunodeficiency of myeloma.
Inside Cover: Modular Combination of Enzymatic Halogenation of Tryptophan with Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions (ChemCatChem 10/2016) (2016)

The Cover highlights the cascade combination of biocatalysis with metal catalysis. In their Full Paper, M. Frese et al. explain that regioselective enzymatic halogenation of l-tryptophan followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling leads, in a modular synthesis, to an array of C5, C6, or C7 aryl-substituted tryptophan derivatives. The bromo substituent is initially being incorporated by immobilized tryptophan 5-, 6-, or 7-halogenases, in aqueous media, using only oxygen and a halide source. Workup is not required: the solid biocatalyst is just removed by filtration and the filtrate is used to directly convert the halogenated tryptophan into the cross-coupling products. More information can be found in the Full Paper by M. Frese et al. on page 1799 in Issue 10, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600317).
SecLEACH - A Random Key Distribution Solution for Securing Clustered Sensor Networks (2006)

Clustered sensor networks have been shown to increase system throughput, decrease system delay, and save energy. While those with rotating cluster heads, such as LEACH, have also advantages in terms of security, the dynamic nature of their communication makes most existing security solutions inadequate for them. In this paper, we show how random key predistribution, widely studied in the context of flat networks, can be used to secure communication in hierarchical (cluster-based) protocols such as LEACH. To our knowledge, it is the first work that investigates random key predistribution as applied to hierarchical WSNs
Experience with Kapton‐Based Bipolar Electrode Arrays Used During Computerized Intraoperative Mapping (1990)

Kapton Arrays for Computerized Mapping . A new technology for intraoperative mapping of the sites of origin and propagation of supraventricular (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) was implemented and evaluated. Kapton forms a thin, flexible substrate on which copper layers can be bonded, etched, and interconnected similar to a multilayered printed circuit board. Narrow Kapton electrode assemblies with 20 contacts spaced over 113 mm were used to construct epicardial sock electrode arrays (Ep) having 238 electrodes and endocardial balloon electrode arrays (En) having 168 electrodes. These arrays were used for mapping 20 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for SVT or VT. In 10 surgeries for VT, bipolar electrograms from 1,045 Ep and 606 En electrode pairs were examined. Responses were recorded from 88.7% Ep and 94.9% En sites. Of 118 Ep sites not showing a response, 27.1 % were due to poor electrode contact near the apex, or AV groove, and 70.3% approximated unexcitable tissue. Among the 31 En sites showing no response, 35.5% were located about the mitral annulus, and 32.3% over unexcitable tissue. In 10 surgeries for SVT, bipolar electrograms from 1,114 E p electrode pairs were studied. Responses were seen at 94.3% sites. Of the 63 sites not showing a response, 63.5% resulted from poor electrode contact near the apex or AV groove. These electrode arrays, utilizing Kapton strips, have proven highly effective and reliable for computerized intraoperative recording. ( J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 1, pp. 496–505, December 1990 )
Integrating system health management into the early design of aerospace systems using Functional Fault Analysis (2008)

This paper introduces a systematic design methodology, namely the functional fault analysis (FFA), developed with the goal of integrating SHM into early design of aerospace systems. The basis for the FFA methodology is a high-level, functional model of a system that captures the physical architecture, including the physical connectivity of energy, material, and data flows within the system. The model also contains all sensory information, failure modes associated with each component of the system, the propagation of the effects of these failure modes, and the characteristic timing by which fault effects propagate along the modeled physical paths. Using this integrated model, the designers and system analysts can assess the sensor suitepsilas diagnostic functionality and analyze the ldquoracerdquo between the propagation of fault effects and the fault detection isolation and response (FDIR) mechanisms designed to compensate and respond to them. The Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle has been introduced as a case example to illustrate the use of the Functional Fault Analysis (FFA) methodology during system design.
On Simpson's Paradox and the Sure-Thing Principle (1972)

Abstract This paradox is the possibility of P(A|B) <P(A|B') even though P(A|B)≥P(A| B') both under the additional condition C and under the complement C' of that condition. Details are given on why this can happen and how extreme the inequalities can be. An example shows that Savage's sure-thing principle (“If you would definitely prefer g to f, either knowing that the event C obtained, or knowing that C did not obtain, then you definitely prefer g to f.”) is not applicable to alternatives f and g that involve sequential operations.
A more efficient man/machine interface: fusion of the interacting telethesis and smart wheelchair projects (2002)

Presents a new and more efficient man/machine interface resulting from the fusion of two projects: the smart wheelchair project and the interacting telethesis project. This new interface allows a more natural control of the automatic motion capabilities of the smart wheelchair VAHM (autonomous vehicle for motor impaired people). Indeed, the pilot needs only to make his request (switch on the TV for example) without giving details about its location. The VAHM project aims to bring piloting assistance for motor impaired people to powered wheelchairs using techniques coming from mobile robotics. It is possible to call upon local primitives like "wall following" or "automatic forward motion", or to plan an automatic trajectory. The second project aims to realize a man/machine communication interface for people with motor impairments; interface defined as an "interacting telethesis", i.e. as a cognitive and/or valid motion resource(s) extension of the user. Therefore, the interacting telethesis allows disabled persons to be able to communicate (read, write, speak, listen, warn) with other people and to act on their environment (TV, music, etc.).
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) links mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function with insulin signaling and is essential for normal glucose homeostasis (2012)

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a key role in energy conversion. Optimal mitochondrial function is ensured by a quality-control system tightly coupled to fusion and fission. In this connection, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) participates in mitochondrial fusion and undergoes repression in muscle from obese or type 2 diabetic patients. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Mfn2 plays an essential role in metabolic homeostasis. Liver-specific ablation of Mfn2 in mice led to numerous metabolic abnormalities, characterized by glucose intolerance and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mfn2 deficiency impaired insulin signaling in liver and muscle. Furthermore, Mfn2 deficiency was associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhanced hydrogen peroxide concentration, altered reactive oxygen species handling, and active JNK. Chemical chaperones or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in liver-specific Mfn2 KO mice. This study provides an important description of a unique unexpected role of Mfn2 coordinating mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum function, leading to modulation of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in vivo.
Line field off axis swept source OCT utilizing digital refocusing (2014)

OCT is a promising tool for performing fast and cheap noninvasive biopsies. High speed imaging helps to reduce motion artifacts that cause decreased sensitivity and resolution. Using a point scanning configuration one is ultimately limited in sensitivity. Therefore parallel configurations are a potentially attractive solution to further enhance the speed capabilities of future OCT systems. Even more, if full field configurations are employed one can exploit the intrinsic phase correlation over the field of view for digital wavefront correction techniques. Full field OCT has nevertheless limitations concerning the missing confocal gating. The sensitivity is decreased in the presence of specular reflexes from optical interfaces, furthermore light scattering cross talk between pixel causes additional signal degradation. A good compromise between parallel detection capabilities and confocal gating seems therefore line field OCT. We built a bench top line field system employing a frequency swept source enabling 2D/3D imaging at up to 200 kA-scans/s with an axial resolution of 8μm and a depth range of 3.53mm in air. To prevent specular reflexes reaching the line scan camera, an off axis configuration of the optical path together with spatial filters placed in conjugate planes of the system was used. Geometrical optics based digital refocusing through the full depth range was shown on a sample target containing FeO particles, on a biological sample and in vivo. Furthermore, we assessed the regime where line field has an advantage over point scanning OCT in terms of sensitivity.
A 21.54 Gbits/s Fully Pipelined AES Processor on FPGA (2004)

This paper presents the architecture of a fully pipelined AES encryption processor on a single chip FPGA. By using loop unrolling and inner-round and outer-round pipelining techniques, a maximum throughput of 21.54 Gbits/s is achieved. A fast and an area efficient composite field implementation of the byte substitution phase is designed using an optimum number of pipeline stages for FPGA implementation. A 21.54 Gbits/s throughput is achieved using 84 block RAMs and 5177 slices of a VirtexII-Pro FPGA with a latency of 31 cycles and throughput per area rate of 4.2 Mbps/Slice.
Site‐Directed RNA Editing with Antagomir Deaminases — A Tool to Study Protein and RNA Function (2014)

RNA-guided machineries perfectly satisfy the demand for rationally programmable tools that manipulate gene function inside the cell. Over the last ten years, various natural machineries have been harnessed, with RNA interference being among the most prominent examples. It is now time to tackle the engineering of novel RNA-guided tools not provided by nature. In this respect, we highlight RNA-guided site-directed RNA editing as a new concept for the manipulation of RNA and protein function. In contrast to currently available techniques, RNA editing allows for the introduction of selected point mutations into the transcriptome without the need for genomic manipulation. In particular, the approach described using chemically stabilized, antagomir-like guideRNAs may offer advantages over others, such as specificity and circumvention of immunogenicity. These new tools have significant potential for the advancement of both basic science and medicinal application, especially in the treatment of genetic diseases.
Adiponectin inhibits inflammatory cytokines production by Beclin‐1 phosphorylation and B‐cell lymphoma 2 mRNA destabilization: role for autophagy induction (2018)

Beclin-1 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 mRNA destabilization mediated by DAPK1 and TTP are crucial events leading to autophagy and the suppression of inflammatory cytokine production by gAcrp. These results provide novel mechanisms underlying adiponectin's modulation of inflammatory responses. DAPK and TTP are potential therapeutic targets for the management of inflammation.
A 2-year dose-response study of lesion sequences during hepatocellular carcinogenesis in the male B6C3F(1) mouse given the drinking water chemical dichloroacetic acid. (2002)

Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is carcinogenic to the B6C3F(1) mouse and the F344 rat. Given the carcinogenic potential of DCA in rodent liver and the known concentrations of this compound in drinking water, reliable biologically based models to reduce the uncertainty of risk assessment for human exposure to DCA are needed. Development of such models requires identification and quantification of premalignant hepatic lesions, identification of the doses at which these lesions occur, and determination of the likelihood that these lesions will progress to cancer. In this study we determined the dose response of histopathologic changes occurring in the livers of mice exposed to DCA (0.05-3.5 g/L) for 26-100 weeks. Lesions were classified as foci of cellular alteration smaller than one liver lobule (altered hepatic foci; AHF), foci of cellular alteration larger than one liver lobule (large foci of cellular alteration; LFCA), adenomas (ADs), or carcinomas (CAs). Histopathologic analysis of 598 premalignant lesions revealed that (a)) each lesion class had a predominant phenotype; (b)) AHF, LFCA, and AD demonstrated neoplastic progression with time; and (c)) independent of DCA dose and length of exposure effects, some toxic/adaptive changes in non-involved liver were related to this neoplastic progression. A lesion sequence for carcinogenesis in male B6C3F(1) mouse liver has been proposed that will enable development of a biologically based mathematical model for DCA. Because all classes of premalignant lesions and CAs were found at both lower and higher doses, these data are consistent with the conclusion that nongenotoxic mechanisms, such as negative selection, are relevant to DCA carcinogenesis at lower doses where DCA genotoxicity has not been observed.
Overvoltage protection for range extended electric vehicles (2015)

This paper deals with a protection circuit against an overvoltage caused by a sudden battery removal from the dc link terminals. The system can be protected against this overvoltage by opening the neutral point of the generator and by engaging a dissipating resistor across the dc link terminals. This method is successfully tested and validated.
Study on Photo-stability and Preparation of Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals (2007)

CdSe nanocrystals and core/shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals were prepared in the aqueous solution,and they were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The photoluminescence and absorption spectra of the fresh samples and the aged samples(after 30 days) were compared.The experimental results indicate that the photo-stability of the core/shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals was enhanced,which lay a foudation for the application in luminescence device and the biological fluorescent labels.
Real-time imaging of mitochondria in transgenic zebrafish expressing mitochondrially targeted GFP (2008)

Mitochondria maintain a web-shaped network in cells through a balance between fusion and fission. Under certain physiological and pathological conditions, this balance is breached, and as a result, change in mitochondrial morphology ensues. Real-time monitoring of such change is of significant importance for studying mitochondrial physiology and pathology, such as apoptosis, aging, and neurodegeneration. Numerous studies have been conducted in animal cell culture systems concerning mitochondrial morphology change. However, very little is known to date about the real-time changes in mitochondrial morphology at the organism level due to difficulties in observation and administration of mitochondria-disrupting drugs. Here we report the generation of transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) expressing mitochondrially targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP). The transparency of transgenic zebrafish embryos make it possible to monitor mitochondrial morphology in real time and in vivo. Since zebrafish inhabit fresh water, incubating zebrafish in drug-dissolved water sufficed to administer drugs to the zebrafish. We observed real-time and in vivo fragmentation of mitochondria in the transgenic embryos upon incubation in water with the following apoptosis-inducing drugs: valinomycin, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and staurosporine. Thus, the transgenic zebrafish we generated could provide a platform for research on apoptosis and mitochondrial physiology and a screen for apoptosis-modulating drugs. It could also facilitate study of the pathogenesis of apoptosis-related diseases.