gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting data mining of large databases by visual feedback queries (2002)

Describes a query system that provides visual relevance feedback in querying large databases. The goal is to support the process of data mining by representing as many data items as possible on the display. By arranging and coloring the data items as pixels according to their relevance for the query, the user gets a visual impression of the resulting data set. Using an interactive query interface, the user may change the query dynamically and receives immediate feedback by the visual representation of the resulting data set. Furthermore, by using multiple windows for different parts of a complex query, the user gets visual feedback for each part of the query and, therefore, may easier understand the overall result. The system allows one to represent the largest amount of data that can be visualized on current display technology, provides valuable feedback in querying the database, and allows the user to find results which would otherwise remain hidden in the database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
System-Level, FPGA-Based, Real-Time Simulation of Ship Power Systems (2017)

In this paper, we present a scalable approach for real-time simulation of ship power systems with high-frequency power electronics converters (100-200 kHz). The proposed approach is based on the latency-based linear multistep compound method and relies on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) execution. Several examples of increasing dimension and complexity are used to evaluate the scalability-both of in terms of computational delay and of resources usage-of the proposed approach. Real-time execution with a 50 ns time step is achieved for all the examples considered.
Innovative Sulfur-Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High-Performance Li/S Batteries (2015)

Li/S batteries suffer from major problems including low active material utilization, poor cycling performance and low Coulombic efficiency due to high solubility of intermediate polysulfides and low conductivity of sulfur. Here, wereport modified carbon nanotubes (MCNT)-S comprising the key features of elemental sulfur (S 8 ) and sulfurized carbon (SC) when used as cathode materials. The use of a mixed solvent of MCNT in hydrogen peroxide and sulfur in carbon disulfide followed by 300°C heat treatment in vacuum oven leads to extremely uniform and dense sulfur layers on CNT surfaces via physical and chemical deposition, and enables the fabrication of remarkably improved Li/S cathodes with a reversible capacity of 1180 mAhg -1 without obvious capacity decay over 300 cycles at 0.25 C, and 67.5% of capacity retention from 1182 to 799 mAhg -1 over 600 cycles at 0.75 C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 95.5%. The results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of MCNT on the realization of high efficiency and long cycle performances for Li/S batteries.
Principles and Precedents (1994)

At twenty minutes to four in the cold darkness of the morning of 14 February 1940, a Norwegian coastguard rang up the curtain on one of the classic dramas of gunboat diplomacy — perhaps the purest instance in recent times of the definitive use of limited naval force in isolation from all other means of pressure.
The Mechanism for the Adhesion of Electroplate to Propylene Copolymer (1972)

SummaryThe mechanism for the adhesion of electroplate to polypropylene is partly mechanical and partly chemical. Excavation of the surface is controlled by the additives or modifiers in the polymer and the composition of the etching acid. Chemical groups are responsible for binding tin at the sensitization stage. Oxidation which occurs at the metal interface after plating provides chemical bonding. This oxidation continues and in the case of electroless copper ultimately leads to a fall in adhesion which can be minimized by using a properly stabilized composition. Nickel plate retains its adhesion for a longer time than copper on ageing at 70°C.
Microglial phagocytosis induced by fibrillar β-amyloid is attenuated by oligomeric β-amyloid: implications for Alzheimer's disease (2011)

These results imply that Aβ oligomers induce a potent inflammatory response and subsequently disturb microglial phagocytosis and clearance of Aβ fibrils, thereby contributing to an initial neurodegenerative characteristic of AD. Antiinflammatory and antioxidative therapies may indeed prove beneficial to delay the progression of AD.
Detection Wavelength Control of Uncooled Infrared Sensors Using Two-Dimensional Lattice Plasmonic Absorbers (2015)

Wavelength-selective uncooled infrared (IR) sensors are highly promising for a wide range of applications, such as fire detection, gas analysis and biomedical analysis. We have recently developed wavelength-selective uncooled IR sensors using square lattice two-dimensional plasmonic absorbers (2-D PLAs). The PLAs consist of a periodic 2-D lattice of Au-based dimples, which allow photons to be manipulated using surface plasmon modes. In the present study, a detailed investigation into control of the detection wavelength was conducted by varying the PLA lattice structure. A comparison was made between wavelength-selective uncooled IR sensors with triangular and square PLA lattices that were fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor and micromachining techniques. Selective enhancement of the responsivity could be achieved, and the detection wavelength for the triangular lattice was shorter than that for the square lattice. The results indicate that the detection wavelength is determined by the reciprocal-lattice vector for the PLAs. The ability to control the detection wavelength in this manner enables the application of such PLAs to many types of thermal IR sensors. The results obtained here represent an important step towards multi-color imaging in the IR region.
Elastic modulus of the crystalline regions of cellulose triesters (1995)

Abstract Elastic moduli of the crystalline regions of cellulose triesters in the direction both parallel E l and perpendicular E t to the chain axis are measured by x‐ray diffraction. E l values for cellulose triesters are as follows: cellulose triacetate (CTA), 33.2 GPa; cellulose tripropionate (CTP), 21.6 GPa; cellulose tributyrate (CTB), 17.6 GPa; cellulose trivalerate (CTV), 17.9 Gpa. These are very small compared with that of cellulose I (134 GPa) and resemble each other despite the fact that the skeletal structure of CTP (3 2 helix) is much different from those of other cellulose triesters (2‐fold helix). The small E l values for cellulose triesters can be explained by both the large cross‐sectional area of one molecule in the crystal lattice and the lack in intramolecular hydrogen bonds. E t values for cellulose triesters are as follows: CTA (310), 2.8 GPa; CTP (110), 1.4 GPa; (020), 2.1 GPa; (120), 2.2 GPa; CTB (110), 1.1 GPa. These are one of the smallest E t values already reported, and decrease with increasing the length of the side chain. Intermolecular interaction is considered to decrease with the length of acyl groups. The large E t value in the b direction of CTP reflects the dense packing of the chains in the crystal lattice. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cognitive performance in patients with resistant hypertension following renal sympathetic denervation (2013)

Based on the robust preclinical and clinical data surrounding the important role of renal sympathetic nerves in various aspects of blood pressure control, a novel catheter-based approach using radiofrequency energy to target and disrupt the renal nerves selectively has been developed. Available evidence from trials in patients with resistant hypertension in whom renal denervation has been performed indicate that the procedure has a favourable safety profile and is associated with a substantial and sustained blood pressure reduction.
Fast maximum-likelihood refinement of electron microscopy images (2005)

Abstract Motivation: Maximum-likelihood (ML) image refinement is a promising candidate to improve attainable resolution limits in 3D-EM. However, its large CPU requirements may prohibit application to 3D-structure optimization. Results: We speeded up ML image refinement by reducing its search space over the alignment parameters. Application of this reduced-search approach to a cryo-EM dataset yielded practically identical results as the original approach, but in approximately one day instead of one week of CPU. Availability: This work has been implemented in the public domain package Xmipp. Documentation and download instructions may be found at: http://www.cnb.uam.es/~bioinfo Contact: carazo@cnb.uam.es
Conformational Constraint as a Means for Understanding RNA-Aminoglycoside Specificity (2005)

The lack of high RNA target selectivity displayed by aminoglycoside antibiotics results from both their electrostatically driven binding mode and their conformational adaptability. The inherent flexibility around their glycosidic bonds allows them to easily assume a variety of conformations, permitting them to structurally adapt to diverse RNA targets. This structural promiscuity results in the formation of aminoglycoside complexes with diverse RNA targets in which the antibiotics assume distinct conformations. Such differences suggest that covalently linking individual rings in an aminoglycoside could reduce its available conformations, thereby altering target selectivity. To explore this possibility, conformationally constrained neomycin and paromomycin analogues designed to mimic the A-site bound aminoglycoside structure have been synthesized and their affinities to the TAR and A-site, two therapeutically relevant RNA targets, have been evaluated. As per design, this constraint has minimal deleterious effect on binding to the A-site. Surprisingly, however, preorganizing these neomycin-class antibiotics into a TAR-disfavored structure has no deleterious effect on binding to this HIV-1 RNA sequence. We rationalize these observations by suggesting that the A-site and HIV TAR possess inherently different selectivities toward aminoglycosides. The inherent plasticity of the TAR RNA, coupled to the remaining flexibility within the conformationally constrained analogues, makes this RNA site an accommodating target for such polycationic ligands. In contrast, the deeply encapsulating A-site is a more discriminating RNA target. These observations suggest that future design of novel target selective RNA-based therapeutics will have to consider the inherent "structural" selectivity of the RNA target and not only the selectivity patterns displayed by the low molecular weight ligands.
Organizaciones de productres de café en el sector cooperativo (1998)

Este artículo presenta la problemática de las organizaciones cooperativas de productores de café (caficultores), dentro del contexto del sector cooperativo colombiano y del sistema de organizaciones del sector cafetero colombiana cuyo eje es la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia. Este conjunto de cooperativas es un grupo de organizaciones paralelo a la federación, que tiene una autonomía formal pero que ejerce sus actividades económicas como coalición externa dominada, puesto que depende de la coalición interna burocrática de la Federación. Esta maneja el fondo Nacional del Café por contrato con el gobierno. A su vez, la Federación tiene un contrato con las cooperativas para la compra de la cosecha cafetera, por medio del cual les suministra los recursos financieros necesarios para la compra del café. Por este hecho, es desde el punto de vista político, económico y social el conjunto de cooperativas más importante de Colombia. Por pertenecer al sector cooperativo colombiano, presentamos inicialmente como marco de referencia conceptos de reflexión y análisis del cooperativismo como sector económico y como movimiento social.
Amplification of MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, Located in the 3q26.2 Amplicon, Is Associated with Favorable Patient Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer (2007)

Increased copy number involving chromosome 3q26 is a frequent and early event in cancers of the ovary, lung, head and neck, cervix, and BRCA1 positive and basal breast cancers. The p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3KCA) and protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) have previously been shown as functionally deregulated by 3q copy number increase. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 235 high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers using contiguous bacterial artificial chromosomes across 3q26 delineated an approximately 2 Mb-wide region at 3q26.2 encompassing PDCD10 to MYNN (chr3:168722613-170908630). Ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) and myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDS1) are located at the center of this region, and their DNA copy number increases are associated with at least 5-fold increased RNA transcript levels in 83% and 98% of advanced ovarian cancers, respectively. Moreover, MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1 protein levels are increased in ovarian cancers and cancer cell lines. EVI1 and MDS1/EVI1 gene products increased cell proliferation, migration, and decreased transforming growth factor-beta-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter activity in ovarian epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the increases in EVI1 DNA copy number and MDS1/EVI1 transcripts are associated with improved patient outcomes, whereas EVI1 transcript levels are associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, the favorable patient prognosis associated with increased DNA copy number seems to be as a result of high-level expression of the fusion transcript MDS1/EVI1. Collectively, these studies suggest that MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, previously implicated in acute myelogenous leukemia, contribute to the pathophysiology of epithelial ovarian cancer.
A self-tuning effect of membership functions in a fuzzy-logic-based cardiac pacing system (1998)

This paper describes a self-tuning method of membership functions in a fuzzy-logic-based cardiac pacing system and validates its feasibility in a double sensor system which has minute ventilation and oxygen saturation level as its guides for the rate regulation. Though the agreement between the pacing rates (fuzzy rates) calculated with three linguistic variables for each parameter and the target rates were not satisfactory, it was improved significantly by tuning the membership functions. Almost the same evaluated values with those obtained by using six linguistic variables for each parameter were obtained. Time required for the self-tuning process was about 40 s (386CPU, 20 MHz) which was fast enough for the system. The smaller number of linguistic labels results in a smaller number of rules, which is beneficial in implantable cardiac pacemakers with limited memory capacity. A fuzzy-logic-based cardiac pacing system is promising for the realization of custom-made cardiac pacemakers.
Need for Speed: Experiences Building a Trustworthy System-Level GPU Simulator (2021)

The demands of high-performance computing (HPC) and machine learning (ML) workloads have resulted in the rapid architectural evolution of GPUs over the last decade. The growing memory footprint and diversity of data types in these workloads has required GPUs to embrace micro-architectural heterogeneity and increased memory system sophistication to scale performance. Effective simulation of new architectural features early in the design cycle enables quick and effective exploration of design trade-offs across this increasingly diverse set of workloads. This work provides a retrospective on the design and development of NVArchSim (NVAS), an architectural simulator used within NVIDIA to design and evaluate features that are difficult to appraise using other methodologies due to workload type, size, complexity, or lack of modeling flexibility. We argue that overly precise and/or overly slow architectural models hamper an architect's ability to evaluate new features within a reasonable time frame, hurting productivity. Because of its speed, NVAS is being used to trace and evaluate hundreds of HPC and state-of-the-art ML workloads on single-GPU or multi-GPU systems. By adding component fidelity only when necessary to improve system-level modeling accuracy, NVAS delivers simulation speed orders of magnitude higher than most publicly available GPU simulators while retaining high levels of accuracy and simulation flexibility. Building trustworthy high-level simulation platforms is a difficult exercise in balance and compromise; we share our experiences to help and encourage those in academia who take on the challenge of building GPU simulation platforms.
Quantification of Lung Damage in an Elastase-Induced Mouse Model of Emphysema (2012)

Objective. To define the sensitivity of microcomputed tomography- (micro-CT-) derived descriptors for the quantification of lung damage caused by elastase instillation. Materials and Methods. The lungs of 30 elastase treated and 30 control A/J mice were analyzed 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours and 7 and 17 days after elastase instillation using (i) breath-hold-gated micro-CT, (ii) pulmonary function tests (PFTs), (iii) RT-PCR for RNA cytokine expression, and (iv) histomorphometry. For the latter, an automatic, parallel software toolset was implemented that computes the airspace enlargement descriptors: mean linear intercept (L(m)) and weighted means of airspace diameters (D(0), D(1), and D(2)). A Support Vector Classifier was trained and tested based on three nonhistological descriptors using D(2) as ground truth. Results. D(2) detected statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the groups at all time points. Furthermore, D(2) at 1 hour (24 hours) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than D(2) at 24 hours (7 days). The classifier trained on the micro-CT-derived descriptors achieves an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 well above the others (PFTS AUC = 0.71; cytokine AUC = 0.88). Conclusion. Micro-CT-derived descriptors are more sensitive than the other methods compared, to detect in vivo early signs of the disease.
It depends on the hinge: a structure-functional analysis of galectin-8, a tandem-repeat type lectin (2006)

Galectin-8, a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, is made of two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), joined by a "hinge" region. Ligation of integrins by galectin-8 induces a distinct cytoskeletal organization, associated with activation of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling cascades. We show that these properties of galectin-8 are mediated by the concerted action of its two CRDs and involve both protein-sugar and protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the isolated N- or C-CRD domains of galectin-8 or galectin-8 mutated at selected residues implicated in sugar binding (E251Q; W85Y, W248Y, W[85,248]Y) exhibited reduced sugar binding, which was accompanied by severe impairment in the capacity of these mutants to promote the adhesive, spreading, and signaling functions of galectin-8. Other mutations that did not impair sugar binding (e.g. E88Q) still impeded the signaling and cell-adherence functions of galectin-8. Deletion of the "hinge" region similarly impaired the biological effects of galectin-8. These results provide evidence that cooperative interactions between the two CRDs and the "hinge" domain are required for the proper functioning of galectin-8.
Face Recognition Using Fuzzy Integral and Wavelet Decomposition Method (2004)

In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing face images by combining wavelet decomposition, Fisherface method, and fuzzy integral. The proposed approach is comprised of four main stages. The first stage uses the wavelet decomposition that helps extract intrinsic features of face images. As a result of this decomposition, we obtain four subimages (namely approximation, horizontal, vertical, and diagonal detailed images). The second stage of the approach concerns the application of the Fisherface method to these four decompositions. The choice of the Fisherface method in this setting is motivated by its insensitivity to large variation in light direction, face pose, and facial expression. The two last phases are concerned with the aggregation of the individual classifiers by means of the fuzzy integral. Both Sugeno and Choquet type of fuzzy integral are considered as the aggregation method. In the experiments we use n-fold cross-validation to assure high consistency of the produced classification outcomes. The experimental results obtained for the Chungbuk National University (CNU) and Yale University face databases reveal that the approach presented in this paper yields better classification performance in comparison to the results obtained by other classifiers.
Malicious Android Applications in the Enterprise: What Do They Do and How Do We Fix It? (2012)

Android applications are used in a variety of domains, including business, social, media, health, scientific, and even military. On one hand, enterprises can take advantage of the richness of Android applications to support their business needs. On the other hand, Android devices contain rich sensitive data - e.g., GPS location, photos, calendar, contacts, email, and files - which is critical to the enterprise and unauthorized access to this sensitive data can lead to serious security risks. In this paper, we describe the nature and sources of sensitive data, what malicious applications can do to the data, and possible enterprise solutions to secure the data and mitigate the security risks. The purpose of this paper is to raise employees' and enterprises' awareness and show that a suite of easy-to-implement measures can improve both employee and enterprise security.
Treatment of psoriasis by the topical application of the novel cholecalciferol analogue calcipotriol (MC 903) (1989)

• Calcipotriol (the synthetic compound MC 903) is a structural analogue of naturally occurring, biologically active calcitriol. Calcipotriol and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) show similar receptor binding and comparable effects on cell differentiation. However, calcipotriol seems to be at least 100 times less potent in its effects on calcium metabolism. In a double-masked study involving 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, the efficacy and tolerability of ointments containing various calcipotriol concentrations (25,50, or 100 μg/g) or the vehicle alone were compared in a study involving a right-left, within-patient randomized design. Patients were treated twice daily for 8 weeks. Marked improvement was seen in 40% of the patients treated with the 25-μg/g concentration of calcipotriol in 63% of patients treated with the 50-μg/g concentration, and in 88% treated with the 100-μg/g concentration. No patient treated with placebo had more than slight improvement. Five patients developed facial dermatitis during the study. The serum levels of ionized calcium were unchanged. This study demonstrates that calcipotriol ointment provides an effective and well-tolerated treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1989;125:1647-1652)