gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spheres: A Web Services Framework for Smartphone Sensing as a Service (2015)

Smartphones are mobile phones that execute application programs. Smartphones are practically everywhere, in every country and culture. Smartphones can tell where they are by GPS, a spatial sense, and what time it is, a temporal sense, relative to their GPS location. Groups of smartphone users form communities, creating a social sense. Smartphones often contain built-in sensors including temperature, proximity, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, barometric pressure, ambient light, camera, microphone, etc., as well as the ability to connect to external sensors over their wireless interfaces forming wireless sensor networks. Smartphones are connected to the Internet through their cellular data connections providing a globally established deployment of "things" on the Internet of Things (IoT). People carrying their smartphones represent a global source of continuous mobile Internet-connected sensor data. The resulting human, social, and environmental data represents an untapped global information resource of epic proportion. This paper explores the current research related to smartphone sensing as a service (S2aaS) and proposes an architecture for a web services framework for S2aaS called Spheres. Spheres will integrate wireless sensor network, mobile Internet, and cloud technologies into an open-source service-oriented architecture (SOA) providing crowdsourced smartphone sensor data aggregation and sharing in secure cloud deployments for private and public consumption. Spheres collected data can be overlaid visually on maps or incorporated into applications that require the data from sensors embedded in, or connected to, smartphones over specific regions and times of interest. In addition to specifying an architecture, this paper will identify the challenges expected to implement and demonstrate a prototype of Spheres on at least one smartphone platform with the cloud platform and web services deployed on the UMBC BlueWave high performance computing system.
Molecular Genetic Evidence for the Role of <i>SGT1</i> in the Intramolecular Complementation of Bs2 Protein Activity in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (2005)

Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) containing the Bs2 resistance gene are resistant to strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv) expressing the bacterial effector protein AvrBs2. AvrBs2 is delivered directly to the plant cell via the type III protein secretion system (TTSS) of Xcv. Upon recognition of AvrBs2 by plants expressing the Bs2 gene, a signal transduction cascade is activated leading to a bacterial disease resistance response. Here, we describe a novel pathosystem that consists of epitope-tagged Bs2-expressing transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and engineered strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci that deliver the effector domain of the Xcv AvrBs2 protein via the TTSS of P. syringae. This pathosystem has allowed us to exploit N. benthamiana as a model host plant to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient protein expression in conjunction with virus-induced gene silencing to validate genes and to identify protein interactions required for the expression of plant host resistance. In this study, we demonstrate that two genes, NbSGT1 and NbNPK1, are required for the Bs2/AvrBs2-mediated resistance responses but that NbRAR1 is not. Protein localization studies in these plants indicate that full-length Bs2 is primarily localized in the plant cytoplasm. Three protein domains of Bs2 have been identified: the N terminus, a central nucleotide binding site, and a C-terminal Leu-rich repeat (LRR). Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that separate epitope-tagged Bs2 domain constructs interact in trans specifically in the plant cell. Co-immunoprecipitation studies also demonstrate that an NbSGT1-dependent intramolecular interaction is required for Bs2 function. Additionally, Bs2 has been shown to associate with SGT1 via the LRR domain of Bs2. These data suggest a role for SGT1 in the proper folding of Bs2 or the formation of a Bs2-SGT1-containing protein complex that is required for the expression of bacterial disease resistance.
Selective Coating of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Thin SiO<sub>2</sub> Layer (2002)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been shown to be highly sensitive gas sensors. However, attaching functional groups with selective sensing functions on nanotubes without destroying the intrinsic electronic property of the nanotubes is still challenging. Here, we report a new method of coating SWNTs with a thin layer of SiO2 using 3-aminopropyltriethoxyysilane as coupling layers. The thickness of the SiO2 could be controlled at about 1 nm. The coating of SiO2 on SWNTs was confirmed by burning the SWNTs in air. The effect of 3-aminopropyltriethoxyysilane was also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of 3‐(Pyrrolidin‐3‐yl)indoles for Use as Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Tryptamines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unsupervised Structure Prediction with Non-Parallel Multilingual Guidance (2018)

We describe a method for prediction of linguistic structure in a language for which only unlabeled data is available, using annotated data from a set of one or more helper languages. Our approach is based on a model that locally mixes between supervised models from the helper languages. Parallel data is not used, allowing the technique to be applied even in domains where human-translated texts are unavailable. We obtain state-of-theart performance for two tasks of structure prediction: unsupervised part-of-speech tagging and unsupervised dependency parsing.
Practical macromolecular cryocrystallography (2015)

Cryocrystallography is an indispensable technique that is routinely used for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection at temperatures near 100 K, where radiation damage is mitigated. Modern procedures and tools to cryoprotect and rapidly cool macromolecular crystals with a significant solvent fraction to below the glass-transition phase of water are reviewed. Reagents and methods to help prevent the stresses that damage crystals when flash-cooling are described. A method of using isopentane to assess whether cryogenic temperatures have been preserved when dismounting screened crystals is also presented.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) on Broilers Infected with a Pathogenic Strain of Escherichia coli (2006)

In an attempt to demonstrate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis PB6, isolated from the gut of a healthy chicken, on broiler performance, an experimental trial was conducted in which broilers, infected or uninfected with a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli, were supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) or zinc bacitracin-colistin sulfate and compared against negative controls given no antibiotic supplementation. We observed 10- and 8-point improvements in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 42-d-old uninfected broilers treated with B. subtilis PB6 when compared with the negative and antibiotic controls, respectively. However, infected birds supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 registered a significant 15-point FCR improvement over those in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control, the increase in body weights of uninfected and infected 42-d-old broilers receiving B. subtilis PB6 were 97 and 152 g, respectively (P < 0.05). The growth-promoting and protective results from this study indicated that B. subtilis PB6 not only helped in the maintenance of beneficial bacteria but also could act as a replacement for antimicrobial growth promoters in broilers. The percentages of mortality of infected birds within antibiotic-treated groups and B. subtilis PB6-treated groups were reduced from 14% to 6 and 8%, respectively. Numerically, uninfected birds supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 had elevated levels of lactobacilli (1.4 to 4.5 × 107 cfu/g) in their intestinal tracts (32- and 42-d-old broilers) compared with the controls. Even after being challenged with a pathogenic strain of E. coli, the lactobacilli counts in the B. subtilis PB6-treated birds tended to remain the same as those receiving antibiotic and were considerably higher than those of the untreated birds.
Light-Activatable Nucleic Acids 'Caged' at the Nucleobases (2009)

The attachment of photolabile groups to biologically active molecules offers a very versatile way to put a biological effect under the control of an external trigger signal and thus confers spatiotemporal and dose control to this effect. Over the last years we have prepared a number of oligonucleotide derivatives that are modified in such a way. These derivatives are usually referred to as 'caged compounds' and in particular our photolabile 'caging groups' are located at the nucleobases of oligonucleotides so that the Watson–Crick interaction is temporarily impossible. Thus several nucleic acid-based applications have now become controllable with light.
<title>Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry: an overview</title> (1996)

The design and operation of a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter (MMIP) are presented. The instrument is configurable to operate in transmission, reflection, retroreflection, and variable-angle scattering to make a wide variety of polarimetric measurements. The sample may be a single element such as a lens, polarizer, retarder, spatial light modulator, or beamsplitter; the tested sample may also be an entire polarization-critical optical system containing many elements. The MMIP instrument combines a dual-rotating retarder polarimeter with high-resolution imaging capacity. Well-calibrated known polarized light states are incident upon the sample and the exiting state is precisely analyzed. By measuring a series of different generated and analyzed state, the Mueller matrix can be determined. `Decomposing' the measured Mueller matrix into retardance, diattenuation, and depolarization components can give a complete description of the sample's effect on an arbitrary light state. In one system configuration, the MMIP measures the polarization of a set of ray paths through a sample. Another configuration measures the sample's point spread matrix, a Mueller matrix relating the polarization state of a point object to the distribution of intensity and polarization across the image. The MMIP instrument and measurement capabilities are described along with an assortment of previous results.
Principles and Directions of Eco-friendly Development for Settlement of Environmental Problems (1997)

An environmental problem is the greatest barrier to pursuit of mankinds existence and development. The major traits of this problem are totality and complexity, therefore the finding of environmental problem's solutions is very difficult. The eco-friendly development that pursuing the ecological principles is the direction of environmental problem's solutions. Environmentally sound and sustainable development, deep ecological thought or environmentalism, the following of god's creation order and the old oriental thought are patterns and principles of eco-friendly development. Every creature has one ecological niche from the ecological principles of adoption, competition, evolution, variety, circulation, harmony and equilibrium. Ecological niche means that every creature has ecological status and duty. Therefore finding the mankinds ecological niche is important because it is desirable directions for eco-friendly development to solve environmental problems.
The Preparation of t-Acetylenic Carbinol Esters and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of t-Acetylenic Carbinol Esters and Related Compounds1G. F. Hennion and S. Olivia BarrettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 9, 2146–2148Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01566a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01566a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
JAM4, a Junctional Cell Adhesion Molecule Interacting with a Tight Junction Protein, MAGI-1 (2003)

MAGI-1 is a membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein at tight junctions in epithelial cells. It interacts with various molecules and functions as a scaffold protein at cell junctions. We report here a novel MAGI-1-binding protein that we named junctional adhesion molecule 4 (JAM4). JAM4 belongs to an immunoglobulin protein family. JAM4 was colocalized with ZO-1 in kidney glomeruli and in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochemical in vitro studies revealed that JAM4 bound to MAGI-1 but not to ZO-1, whereas JAM1 did not bind to MAGI-1. JAM4 and MAGI-1 interacted with each other and formed clusters in COS-7 cells when coexpressed. JAM4 mediated calcium-independent homophilic adhesion and was accumulated at cell-cell contacts when expressed in L cells. MAGI-1, ZO-1, and occludin were recruited to JAM4-based cell contacts. JAM4 also reduced the permeability of CHO cell monolayers. MAGI-1 strengthened JAM4-mediated cell adhesion in L cells and sealing effects in CHO cells. These findings suggest that JAM4 together with MAGI-1 provides an adhesion machinery at tight junctions, which may regulate the permeability of kidney glomerulus and small intestinal epithelial cells.
Space vector modulation method for single phase on-line three-leg UPS (2002)

This paper presents a new modulation method for single phase on-line three-leg uninterruptible power supplies. The proposed modulation method brings the flexibility of the well-known space vector modulation for the single-phase UPS considered and it can be easily implemented in a digital controller. Three switching sequences are presented and evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion and the location of the harmonics in the frequency spectrum of the input current and output voltage. Simulation and experimental results have been presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed modulation method. A performance indicative is obtained by the comparison of distortion factors of the input current and output voltage and switching losses to each switching sequence. It is found out that first switching sequence would require simpler soft switching auxiliary circuit since one of the converter legs is commutated at low frequency. The second switching sequence is the best suited for hard switched implementation since it has the smallest switching losses. Finally, the third switching sequence has moderate switching losses while producing harmonics in well defined frequency for all operating conditions. Experimental results using the DSP controller TMS320F243 are presented to validate the proposed method.
Exploiting sparsity in time-of-flight range acquisition using a single time-resolved sensor (2011)

Range acquisition systems such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and time-of-flight (TOF) cameras operate by measuring the time difference of arrival between a transmitted pulse and the scene reflection. We introduce the design of a range acquisition system for acquiring depth maps of piecewise-planar scenes with high spatial resolution using a single, omnidirectional, time-resolved photodetector and no scanning components. In our experiment, we reconstructed 64 × 64-pixel depth maps of scenes comprising two to four planar shapes using only 205 spatially-patterned, femtosecond illuminations of the scene. The reconstruction uses parametric signal modeling to recover a set of depths present in the scene. Then, a convex optimization that exploits sparsity of the Laplacian of the depth map of a typical scene determines correspondences between spatial positions and depths. In contrast with 2D laser scanning used in LIDAR systems and low-resolution 2D sensor arrays used in TOF cameras, our experiment demonstrates that it is possible to build a non-scanning range acquisition system with high spatial resolution using only a standard, low-cost photodetector and a spatial light modulator.
Molecular Mechanisms of Muscular Dystrophies (2006)

There is no doubt that the study of the muscular dystrophies in recent years has been exciting and rewarding. It has attracted the attention of many investigators of international repute, and this is reflected in the various contributions to this volume. Molecular Mechanisms of Muscular Dystrophies represents a personal collection of chapters cover
Mixing in microfluidic devices and enhancement methods (2015)

Mixing in microfluidic devices presents a challenge due to laminar flows in microchannels, which result from low Reynolds numbers determined by the channel's hydraulic diameter, flow velocity, and solution's kinetic viscosity. To address this challenge, novel methods of mixing enhancement within microfluidic devices have been explored for a variety of applications. Passive mixing methods have been created, including those using ridges or slanted wells within the microchannels, as well as their variations with improved performance by varying geometry and patterns, by changing the properties of channel surfaces, and by optimization via simulations. In addition, active mixing methods including microstirrers, acoustic mixers, and flow pulsation have been investigated and integrated into microfluidic devices to enhance mixing in a more controllable manner. In general, passive mixers are easy to integrate, but difficult to control externally by users after fabrication. Active mixers usually take efforts to integrate within a device and they require external components (e.g. power sources) to operate. However, they can be controlled by users to a certain degree for tuned mixing. In this article, we provide a general overview of a number of passive and active mixers, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and make suggestions on choosing a mixing method for a specific need as well as advocate possible integration of key elements of passive and active mixers to harness the advantages of both types.
Composting Characteristics of Food Waste - Poultry Manure Mixture Inoculated with Effective Microorganisms (2009)

This study investigated the evaluation of maturity, stability, nutrient and heavy metal from rotating drum composter of food waste amended with poultry manure composting inoculated with effective microorganisms(EM). Composting were performed for the first, drying reactor() 3 hours and the second, composting reactor() 24 hours, and parameters monitored this period included moisture content, NaCl, pH, electrical conductivity(EC), C/N ratio, organic matter(OM), nutrient content and heavy metal. Changes in compost temperature during composting were maintained constantly in the range of using firewood boiler(450 MJ/h). We examined physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in order to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity, nutrient and harmful indicators such as seed germination rate%, dm and NaCl>1%, dm at the end of the final compost. The finished compost obtained after decomposition phase at the end of the 2nd composter could not be utilized for land improvement or reclamation.
Effects of Cromakalim (BRL 34915) and Pinacidil on Normal and Hypertrophied Rat Detrusor in Vitro (1990)

Normal and hypertrophied rat detrusor were investigated in vitro with regard to effects of the K(+)-channel openers pinacidil and cromakalim. Both drugs abolished spontaneous contractile activity and induced a relaxation of normal and hypertrophied detrusor preparations. In both types of preparation, contractions elicited by K+, carbachol or electrical field stimulation were depressed in the presence of the K(+)-channel openers. Responses induced by K+ or electrical stimulation were more reduced in the hypertrophied than in the normal detrusor. Both K(+)-channel openers increased the efflux of 86Rb+ in a concentration-dependent way and this increase was similar in normal and hypertrophied detrusor. If applicable to man, this data suggest that K(+)-channel openers may be effective in the treatment of bladder instability secondary to outflow obstruction.
1.5–2.0-&lt;tex&gt;$muhboxm$&lt;/tex&gt;Multiwatt Continuum Generation in Dispersion-Shifted Fiber by Use of High-Power Continuous-Wave Fiber Source (2004)

We demonstrated the generation of multiwatt single-mode infrared continuum by using highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted optical fiber pumped by a continuous-wave erbium fiber source. A smooth 1000-nm at -20-dB-wide continuum is demonstrated with a remarkable 450-nm full-width at half-maximum bandwidth. A maximum spectral power density of 4.5 mW/nm is obtained.
A New Approach for Plant Proteomics (2003)

A recently developed methodology for the characterization of complex proteomes, top-down Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), is applied for the first time to a plant proteome, that of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 3000 proteins predicted by the genome sequence, 97 were recently identified in two separate "bottom-up" mass spectrometry studies in which the proteins were purified and digested and in which the mass spectrometry-measured mass values of the resulting peptides matched against those expected from the DNA-predicted proteins. In the top-down approach applied here, molecular ions from a protein mixture are purified, weighed exactly (+/-1 Da), and fragmented in the FTMS. Of the 22 molecular weight values found in three isolated mixtures, 7 were chosen, and their primary structures were fully characterized; in only one case was the bottom-up structure in full agreement. The top-down technique is not only efficient for identification of the DNA-predicted precursors, such as that of a protein present as a 5% mixture component, but also for characterization of the primary structure of the final protein. For two proteins the previously predicted cleavage site for loss of the signal peptide was found to be incorrect. Two 27-kDa proteins are fully characterized, although they are found to differ by only 12 residues and 6 Da in mass in a 3:1 ratio; the bottom-up studies did not distinguish these proteins. Direct tandem mass spectrometry dissociation of two 15-kDa molecular ions showed >90% sequence similarity, whereas three-stage mass spectrometry traced their +14-Da molecular mass discrepancies to an unusual N-methylation on the N-terminal amino group; the bottom-up approach identified only one precursor protein. The high potential of the top-down FTMS approach for characterization as well as identification of complex plant proteomes should provide a real incentive for its further automation.