gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjustable Continence Therapy for Severe Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency and Recurrent Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Long-Term Experience (2010)

Relative ease of insertion and the ability to tailor this therapy to individual needs makes this an attractive option for the challenging treatment for recurrent stress urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
Towards temporal web search (2008)

This paper shifts the focus of Web search towards finding and exploiting small text nuggets, rather than full-length documents, assumming that the type of targeted information (e.g., date) is specified in the queries. Each nugget is a document sentence fragment that encodes open-domain factual information associated to some entity. The entities are dates (e.g., 1971) when the events captured by the nuggets must have occurred. The nuggets are extracted from the unstructured text of Web documents, based on lightweight text processing. Since per-document time stamps are available only in restricted collections such as news articles, but not in arbitrary Web documents, the extraction of the relevant dates relies on simple, local text analysis. The resulting time-stamped text nuggets have immediate applications in Web search, as direct results for queries asking about the date of an event explicitly (e.g., "When was the transistor invented") or implicitly (e.g., "Golden Gate Bridge built").
Scanning force microscopy for the study of domain structure in ferroelectric thin films (1996)

A piezoresponse technique based on scanning force microscopy (SFM) has been used for studying domain structure in ferroelectric thin films. Studies were performed on Pb(Zrx,Ti1−x)O3(PZT) thin films produced by a sol–gel method. The piezoresponse images of the PZT films were taken before and after inducing polarization in the films by applying a direct current voltage between the bottom electrode and the SFM tip. Polarization induced patterns were written with 20 V pulses and subsequently imaged by the SFM piezoresponse technique. The effect of the film structure on the imaging resolution of domains is discussed.
Frameless, Real-Time, Surface Imaging-Guided Radiosurgery (2012)

SIG-RS for treating intracranial metastases can produce clinical outcomes comparable to those with conventional frame-based and frameless stereotactic radiosurgery techniques while providing greater patient comfort with an open-faced mask and fast treatment times.
Uptake of highly concentrated fluoride ions by hydroxyapatite. (1985)

Uptake of fluoride ions by hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been investigated. The adsorption characteristics of HAP in sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid differ remarkably from one another. At low fluoride concentration, the uptake of fluoride ions takes place through ion-exchange between OH- ions in the HAP particles and fluoride ions in solution. The extraordinarily high uptake of fluoride ions was observed in the wide concentration range of hydrofluoric acid where an uptake minimum was found at about 100 ppm of fluoride. The degree of crystallisation of HAP does not affect the uptake of hydrofluoric acid at higher concentration. A consideration of ion-exchange capacity suggests the second uptake mechanism at high hydrofluoric acid concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of HAP treated with hydrofluoric acid show a new prominent peak at d=3.14 Å and differ from those of HAP, fluoroapatite, calcium fluorophosphate, and calcium fluoride.
Nonvolatile Cu∕CuTCNQ∕Al memory prepared by current controlled oxidation of a Cu anode in LiTCNQ saturated acetonitrile (2006)

In this letter we propose a preparation method of the metal organic charge transfer complex Cu-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) for use in nonvolatile organic memories. The method, consisting in current controlled oxidation of a Cu electrode in LiTCNQ saturated acetonitrile, is attractive because CuTCNQ growth is limited strictly to anodically polarized Cu metal, and because of material and solvent compatibilities with the requirements of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) copper back end-of-line process. Crossbar memories of this CuTCNQ exhibit superior performance compared to corresponding devices prepared by the standard method, which we attribute to a higher compactness of the CuTCNQ layer.
Effect of high-dose methylprednisolone and U74006F on eicosanoid synthesis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. (1991)

Free radicals and lipid peroxidation of membrane fatty acids are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of arterial vasospasm and the physiopathologic patterns of neuronal damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have evaluated the effects of treatment with either high-dose methylprednisolone every 8 hours or a single dose of U74006F on the temporal profile of ex vivo synthesis of four selected eicosanoids in brain slices after experimental induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Prostaglandins D2 and E2, prostacyclin and leukotriene C4 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay after 1-hour incubation of the brain slices. The synthesis of prostaglandin D2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha at 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly higher when compared to sham-operated animals (p = 0.01); prostaglandin E2 release was significantly enhanced at 6 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.01). The release of the lipoxygenase metabolite was significantly enhanced at 1, 6, and 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage induction. Both treatment regimens significantly reduced the ex vivo synthesis of prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, and leukotriene C4 at 1, 6, and 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas the effects on 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha synthesis differed in the two treatment groups. U74006F enhanced the synthesis of prostacyclin metabolite in the early phase after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and high-dose methylprednisolone reduced the increasing synthesis at 48 hours. A strict comparison between the two treatments was not possible because of the different modalities of administration. However, these data suggest that the antioxidant effect of single-dose treatment with U74006F influenced the early and delayed effects on enzymatic lipid peroxidation, whereas the effects of methylprednisolone administration every 8 hours were more significant in the delayed phase.
A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations (1985)

Abstract The compressional wave reflection coefficient R(theta ) given by the Zoeppritz equations is simplified to the following:EquationThe first term gives the amplitude at normal incidence (theta = 0), the second term characterizes R(theta ) at intermediate angles, and the third term describes the approach to critical angle. The coefficient of the second term is that combination of elastic properties which can be determined by analyzing the offset dependence of event amplitude in conventional multichannel reflection data. If the event amplitude is normalized to its value for normal incidence, then the quantity determined isEquationA 0 specifies the normal, gradual decrease of amplitude with offset; its value is constrained well enough that the main information conveyed is Delta sigma /R 0 , where Delta sigma is the contrast in Poisson's ratio at the reflecting interface and R 0 is the amplitude at normal incidence. This simplified formula for R(theta ) accounts for all of the relations between R(theta ) and elastic properties first described by Koefoed in 1955.
Tangle: Route-oriented dynamic voltage minimization for variation-afflicted, energy-efficient on-chip networks (2014)

On-chip networks are especially vulnerable to within-die parameter variations. Since they connect distant parts of the chip, they need to be designed to work under the most unfavorable parameter values in the chip. This results in energy-inefficient designs. To improve the energy efficiency of on-chip networks, this paper presents a novel approach that relies on monitoring the errors of messages as they traverse the network. Based on the observed errors of messages, the system dynamically decreases or increases the voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> ) of groups of network routers. With this approach, called Tangle, the different V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> values applied to different groups of network routers progressively converge to their lowest, variation-aware, error-free values - always keeping the network frequency unchanged. This saves substantial network energy. In a simulated 64-router network with 4 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> domains, Tangle reduces the network energy consumption by an average of 22% with negligible performance impact. In a future network design with one V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> domain per router, Tangle lowers the network V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> by an average of 21%, reducing the network energy consumption by an average of 28% with negligible performance impact.
Identification of F11 fimbriae on chicken Escherichia coli strains (1993)

Fimbriae were purified from Escherichia coli strains isolated from chickens with septicemia or colibacillosis. When grown on solid media, these strains expressed fimbriae with an apparent subunit molecular mass of 18 kDa. Morphological, biochemical, serological, functional, and molecular characterization revealed that these 18-kDa fimbriae are identical to F11 fimbriae, which were previously found to be involved in the pathogenesis of human urinary tract infection. Screening of a large strain collection showed that 78% of chicken E. coli strains expressed F11 fimbriae, whereas this percentage increased to 96% when the only strains taken into account were those with the serotypes most commonly encountered in avian colibacillosis (O1:K1, O2:K1, O35, and O78:K80). The prevalence of F11 fimbrial expression appeared to be independent of the country of isolation of the strains, except for the United States, where the prevalence seemed higher. Expression of F11 fimbriae by chicken E. coli strains could not be correlated with adherence to chicken tracheal or pharyngeal cells.
Concentration and purification of stearidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids from cod liver oil and the marine microalga<i>Isochrysis galbana</i> (1995)

n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) from the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana were concentrated and purified by a two‐step process—formation of urea inclusion compounds followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. These methods had been developed previously with fatty acids from cod liver oil. By the urea inclusion compounds method, a mixture that contained 94% (w/w) stearidonic (SA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), plus docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (4:1 urea/fatty acid ratio and 4°C crystallization final temperature) was obtained from cod liver oil fatty acids. Further purification of SA, EPA, and DHA was achieved with reverse‐phase C 18 columns. These isolations were scaled up to a semi‐preparative column. A PUFA concentrate was isolated from I. galbana with methanol/water (80:20, w/w) or ethanol/water (70:30, w/w). With methanol/water, a 96% EPA fraction with 100% yield was obtained, as well as a 94% pure DHA fraction with a 94% yield. With ethanol/water as the mobile phase, EPA and DHA fractions obtained were 92% pure with yields of 84 and 88%, respectively.
A scanning electron microscopic study of the infection of water oak (<i>Quercus nigra</i>) by <i>Taphrina caerulescens</i> (2000)

The fungal pathogen Taphrina caerulescens was isolated from leaves of water oak (Quercus nigra) exhibiting symptoms of oak leaf blister. Healthy leaves were inoculated with a suspension of cells from pure culture in order to examine the infection process. Scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor budding of T. caerulescens cells, formation of germ tubes, and indirect penetration of leaf tissue through stomata, which occurred within 48 h post-inoculation. Direct penetration was not observed.
Peritoneal dialysis in patients with acute renal failure. (2007)

Of the two main renal replacement therapies, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was the modality first used for the treatment of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) because of its inherent advantages. Highly trained personnel, expensive and complex apparatus, and systemic anticoagulation were not needed, and so the procedure could be simply and quickly initiated. Further, because of the gradual removal of fluid and solutes, PD results in better hemodynamic stability. Manually or cycler-assisted ("automated") PD has been successfully used in many ARF patients, especially those at risk of bleeding or with hemodynamic instability, and in infants and children with ARF or circulatory failure. Recently, technological developments in hemodialysis techniques (bicarbonate dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration) and the continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs), have limited the indications for PD in critically ill patients with ARF. In addition, better knowledge about the connection between early and adequate dialysis dose and improved outcomes has led to a tendency to increase the dialysis dose given to ARF patients, furthering the development of newer techniques. Although PD has been considered less effective than hemodialysis and CRRTs are in patients with severe acute illness (pulmonary edema, poisoning, extreme catabolysis) and ARF, PD remains an effective therapy that is easily and simply instituted, especially for infants and children with ARF, both within and outside of intensive care settings.
Turboprop Engine Nacelle Optimization for Flight Increased Safety and Pollution Reduction (2018)

Commuter airplanes defined in CS-23 as being propeller driven, twin-engine, nineteen seats and maximum certified take-off weight of 8618 Kg had lately a special development due to advantages of turboprop engine compared with piston or jet engines. Nacelle optimization implies a sound and vibrations proof engine frame, engine fuel consumption reduction (through smaller nacelle drag and weight, better lift, better pressure recovery in air induction system, smaller drag of exhaust nozzles, engine cooling and nacelle ventilation more efficient, composite nacelle fairings with noise reduction properties, etc.). Nacelle aerodynamic experimental model, air induction experimental model and other nacelle experimental systems tested independently allow construction efficiency due to minimizing modifications on nacelle assembly and more safety in operation
Comparative accuracy of CT, dual-echo MRI and MR spectroscopy for preoperative liver fat quantification in living related liver donors (2016)

Dual-echo MRI, MRS, and CT LAI are accurate measures to quantify the degree of hepatic steatosis in LDLT donors, thus reducing the need for invasive liver biopsy and its associated complications. Dual-echo MRI and MRS results correlate better with histological results in the study, as compared to CT LAI method for fat quantification.
Comparison of substrate base sequences for RNA ligase reactions in the synthesis of a tetradecanucleotide corresponding to bases 21–34 of E. coli tRNA<sub>f</sub><sup>Met 1</sup> (1980)

A tetradecanucleotide U-A-G-C(U-C-G)2G-G-C-Up corresponding to bases 21-34 of a nascent sequence of formylmethionyl tRNA of E. coli has been synthesized by the joining of two combinations of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides: 1) U-A-G-C + U-C-G-U-C-G + G-G-C-Up and 2) U-A-G-C + U-C-G-U + C-G-G-G-C-Up. In reaction 1) and the extent of joining *pG-G-C-Up to U-C-G-U-C-G was only 15.4% and the last ligation of the decamer to U-A-G-U proceeded to 27%. In reaction 2) joining between U-A-G-C and pU-C-G-Up gave a high yield (88%). The ligation of this octamer and *pC-G-G-G-C-Up also gave a satisfactory yield (52%). These reactions suggest that sequence preferences in RNA ligase reactions may arise from the structure of the 3'-end of acceptor molecules.
Exploring the conformational space of protein side chains using dead-end elimination and the A* algorithm (1998)

We describe an algorithm which enables us to search the conformational space of the side chains of a protein to identify the global minimum energy combination of side chain conformations as well as all other conformations within a specified energy cutoff of the global energy minimum. The program is used to explore the side chain conformational energy surface of a number of proteins, to investigate how this surface varies with the energy model used to describe the interactions within the system and the rotamer library. Enumeration of the rotamer combinations enables us to directly evaluate the partition function, and thus calculate the side chain contribution to the conformational entropy of the folded protein. An investigation of these conformations and the relationships between them shows that most of the conformations near to the global energy minimum arise from changes in side chain conformations that are essentially independent; very few result from a concerted change in conformation of two or more residues. Some of the limitations of the approach are discussed.
Urban Driving with Conditional Imitation Learning (2020)

Hand-crafting generalised decision-making rules for real-world urban autonomous driving is hard. Alternatively, learning behaviour from easy-to-collect human driving demonstrations is appealing. Prior work has studied imitation learning (IL) for autonomous driving with a number of limitations. Examples include only performing lane-following rather than following a user-defined route, only using a single camera view or heavily cropped frames lacking state observability, only lateral (steering) control, but not longitudinal (speed) control and a lack of interaction with traffic. Importantly, the majority of such systems have been primarily evaluated in simulation - a simple domain, which lacks real-world complexities. Motivated by these challenges, we focus on learning representations of semantics, geometry and motion with computer vision for IL from human driving demonstrations. As our main contribution, we present an end-to-end conditional imitation learning approach, combining both lateral and longitudinal control on a real vehicle for following urban routes with simple traffic. We address inherent dataset bias by data balancing, training our final policy on approximately 30 hours of demonstrations gathered over six months. We evaluate our method on an autonomous vehicle by driving 35km of novel routes in European urban streets.
Stable Water Oxidation in Acid Using Manganese-Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Protective Coatings (2018)

Accomplishing acid-stable water oxidation is a critical matter for achieving both long-lasting water-splitting devices and other fuel-forming electro- and photocatalytic processes. Because water oxidation releases protons into the local electrolytic environment, it becomes increasingly acidic during device operation, which leads to corrosion of the photoactive component and hence loss in device performance and lifetime. In this work, we show that thin films of manganese-modified titania, (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub>, topped with an iridium catalyst, can be used in a coating stabilization scheme for acid-stable water oxidation. We achieved a device lifetime of more than 100 h in pH = 0 acid. We successfully grew (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> coatings with uniform elemental distributions over a wide range of manganese compositions using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> films grown in this manner give rise to closer-to-valence-band Fermi levels, which can be further tuned with annealing. In contrast to the normally n-type or intrinsic TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings, annealed (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> films can make direct charge transfer to a Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>3-/4-</sup> redox couple dissolved in aqueous electrolytes. Using the Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>3-/4-</sup> redox, we further demonstrated anodic charge transfer through the (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> films to high work function metals, such as iridium and gold, which is not previously possible with ALD-grown TiO<sub>2</sub>. We correlated changes in the crystallinity (amorphous to rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>) and oxidation state (2+ to 3+) of the annealed (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> films to their hole conductivity and electrochemical stability in acid. Finally, by combining (Ti,Mn)O <sub>x</sub> coatings with iridium, an acid-stable water-oxidation anode, using acid-sensitive conductive fluorine-doped tin oxides, was achieved.
Vibration Control of a Cylindrical Shell System Using Piezoelectric Film. (1994)

This paper presents a method to control the vibration of a cylindrical shell system. The cylindrical shell system consists of a polymeric film in the middle and one piezoelectric film on each side. The piezoelectric films are divided into several parts, some of which function as distributed actuators. Analysis of the shell vibration under periodic excitation is performed by means of the modal expansion method. A controller is designed based on H∞ control theory and the results of modal analysis. Numerical simulation and experiment were carried out using the designed controller and the results show good agreement, as well as the effectiveness of this method in suppression of forced vibration.
Combination Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: Orally Targeted Nanoparticles Prevent Mucosal Damage and Relieve Inflammation (2016)

Combination therapy is an emerging strategy that is under intensive preclinical investigation for the treatment of various diseases. CD98 is highly overexpressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells and macrophages in the colon tissue with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is usually associated with mucosal damage and inflammation. We previously proved that CD98 siRNA (siCD98)-induced down-regulation of CD98 in colitis tissue decreased the severity of UC to a certain extent. In an effort to further improve the therapeutic efficacy, we aim to simultaneously deliver siCD98 in combination with a potent anti-inflammatory agent, curcumin (CUR), using hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). The resultant spherical HA-siCD98/CUR-NPs are featured by a desirable particle size (∼246 nm) and slightly negative zeta potential (∼-14 mV). The NPs functionalized with HA are able to guide the co-delivery of drugs to the targeted cells related to UC therapy (colonic epithelial cells and macrophages). Compared to either siCD98- or CUR-based monotherapy, co-delivery of siCD98 and CUR by HA-functionalized NPs can exert combinational effects against UC by protecting the mucosal layer and alleviating inflammation both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This study shows the promising capability of the co-delivered siCD98 and CUR for boosting the conventional monotherapy via this novel nanotherapeutic agent, which offers a structurally simple platform for orally administered delivery of drugs to target cells in UC therapy.