gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a submonolayer thick InAs active layer (1992)

We report photopumped operation of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser where the active region consists of a single pseudomorphic InAs-GaAs quantum well that is less than one monolayer thick. This represents the thinnest active layer to support stimulated emission when the optical feedback is perpendicular to the layer. Lasing action supported across a submonolayer thick quantum well can be understood by considering the effects on the carrier collection process and the gain across an ultrathin quantum well due to the spreading out of the electron and hole wavefunctions. Pulsed lasing due to gain across the InAs quantum well is confirmed for photoexcitation energies above and below the band edge of the GaAs confining layers at 17 and 77 K.
Cognitive deficits in developmental disorders (1998)

The existence of specific developmental disorders such as dyslexia and autism raises interesting issues about the structure of the normally developing mind. In these disorders distinct cognitive deficits can explain a range of behavioural impairments and have the potential to be linked to specific brain abnormalities. One possibility is that there are specific mechanisms dedicated to particular types of information processing. These mechanisms may function independently of more general information processing systems and may have a distinct anatomical basis in the brain.
Adaptive protection strategies for detecting power system out-of-step conditions using neural networks (1998)

This paper presents new strategies for adaptive out-of-step (OS) protection of synchronous generators based on neural networks. The neural networks architecture adopted, as well as the selection of input features for training the neural networks, is described. A feed forward model of the neural network based on the stochastic backpropagation training algorithm is used to predict the OS condition. Two adaptive OS protection strategies are suggested. The first approach depends firstly on detecting the case of the system through case detection neural networks by some prefault local measurements at the machine to be protected, and then calculating the new OS condition through an adaptive routine. The second approach is based on creating a large neural network to be trained using different outage cases of the power system. The capabilities of the developed adaptive OS prediction algorithms are tested through computer simulation for a typical case study. The results demonstrate the adaptability of the proposed strategies.
Reduction of Backscattering Induced Noise by Carrier Suppression in Waveguide-Type Optical Ring Resonator Gyro (2010)

Resonator micro optic gyro (RMOG) with a waveguide-type ring resonator is a promising candidate for applications requiring small, light and robust gyros. In optical passive ring resonator gyros, clockwise (CW) and counter clockwise (CCW) lightwaves are phase-modulated at different frequencies to reduce the backscattering induced noise. The effectiveness of this technique, however, is determined by the carrier suppression level. In this paper, the influence of the carrier suppression level on the gyro performance is examined experimentally for an RMOG system with a silica waveguide resonator. In our experiment, carrier suppression is applied onto both the CW and the CCW lightwaves at the same time to achieve higher total suppression. We show that carrier suppression as high as 100 dB can be achieved by optimizing the amplitude of the phase modulation. A bias stability of 0.46 /s in 50 seconds is demonstrated in an RMOG with a silica waveguide ring resonator having a ring length of 7.9 cm. This is the best result reported to date, to the best of our knowledge, for waveguide-type ring resonator gyros of this size.
Deterministic inter-core synchronization with periodically all-in-phase clocking for low-power multi-core SoCs (2005)

Periodically all-in-phase clocking (8-step frequency increments with a 4.5 ns switching time) and deterministic synchronous bus wrappers (synchronized data transfer among different frequency cores) are developed for dynamic voltage- and frequency-scaling multi-core SoCs. A maximum of 60% power reduction in MPEG-4 decoding with 1.5 to 2/spl times/ throughput increase are confirmed.
99mTc-labeled Mutant Interleukin-2 as a Promising SPECT Probe for in vivo Imaging of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells (2020)

161 Objectives: T cell infiltration of tumor lesions is a known prognostic factor in several tumor types and is used as treatment mechanism in some of these tumor types. Tumor infiltrating T cells express the high affinity interleukin-2 (IL2) receptor (CD25) on their surface. These T cells could therefore be visualized by molecular imaging with a radiolabeled IL2 for this receptor. For this purpose, [18F]FB-IL2 was designed as a PET imaging probe for T cell imaging, but strictly limited by its low target-to-background ratios and toxicity, which was resulted from direct binding of IL-2 to αβγ IL-2Rs on lung endothelial cells. Interaction of IL-2 with lung endothelial cells can be abrogated by blocking IL2 and IL-2Rα interaction. Here we developed a novel T cell imaging probe based on mutant Interleukin-2 (mIL2), which reduced binding to IL-2Rα and increased binding affinity for IL-2Rβ and may lead to higher target-to-background ratios and less toxicity in vivo than IL2.
 Methods: Mutant Interleukin-2 was expressed in Sf9 cells and purified by Ni-NTA, then concentrated using spin concentrators and purified with an FPLC Superdex 75 sizing column. The bioactivity of purified mIL2 was detected with the CTLL2 cells which were dependent upon IL-2 for growth. IL2/IL-2Rα interaction was detected by ELISA. Then, mIL2 was radiolabeled with 99mTc-HYNIC-GGGGK conjugated to the LPETG tag through Sortase A. The pharmacokinetic data of 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 was obtained by ex vivo biodistribution experiments. Finally, the tumor infiltrating T cells detecting capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 in MC38 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice was evaluated by in vivo NanoScan SPECT/CT imaging.
 Results: mIL2 showed bioactivity with CTLL2 cells whereas lower CD25 binding compared with IL2. The 99mTc-labeling procedure was done within 2 h, with a yield of 70%. The radiochemical purity was greater than 98%. As shown in figure 1, the tumor-infiltrating T cells located in the MC38 tumor margin was clearly visualized by 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 NanoScan SPECT/CT imaging with low background except relatively high kidney uptake at all detected time points (0.5 and 2 h p.i.). Specificity of 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 to T cells was demonstrated by competitive blocking of tumor uptake with excess mIL2. Biodistribution results showed that the tumor uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 at 0.5 and 2 h p.i. was 2.59 ± 0.37 %ID/g and 2.19 ± 0.16 %ID/g, respectively.
 Conclusions: 99mTc-HYNIC-mIL2 is a promising SPECT radiotracer for the noninvasive imaging of tumor infiltrating T cells, which showed high target-to-background ratios. This novel tracer possesses enormous potential for evaluating and guiding immunotherapy in clinical practice, and its further investigation is still in progress.
Software-controlled processor speed setting for low-power streaming multimedia (2001)

In this paper, we describe a software-controlled approach for adaptively minimizing energy in embedded systems for real-time multimedia processing. Energy is optimized by clock speed setting: the software controller dynamically adjusts processor clock speed to the frame rate (FR) requirements of the incoming multimedia stream. The speed-setting policy is based on a system model that correlates clock speed with best case, average case, and worst case sustainable FRs, accounting for data dependency in multimedia streams. The technique has been implemented in a energy-efficient MPEG3 real-time decoder algorithm designed for wearable devices as a case study. The target system is the Hewlett-Packard SmartBadgeIII prototype system based on the StrongARM1100 processor. Hardware measurements show that computational energy can be drastically reduced (up to 40%) with respect to fixed-frequency operation.
Evaluation of a Preprocessing Algorithm for Truncated CT Projections (1981)

A preprocessing algorithm for completing truncated computed tomography (CT) projection data (so that reconstruction methods suitable for complete projection data can be applied) is experimentally investigated. The study is motivated primarily by the problem of patients who are too obese to fit into the fan beam of a rotate-only (third generation) scanner, and secondarily by dose reduction considerations. Four sets of patient data collected by a rotate-only scanner are used, and the reconstructions from the complete and truncated projection data are compared. It is illustrated that the preprocessing algorithm leads to qualitatively good images, since local variations are nearly identical in the reconstruction from the complete and from the truncated data. Quantitatively, the results are less encouraging; the exact values of CT numbers differ in the two reconstructions by a significant (although slowly varying) amount across the two reconstructed images.
Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase of Escherichia coli: an investigation of function and assembly by use of in vivo complementation (1991)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase of Escherichia coli is a membrane-bound, terminal anaerobic electron transfer enzyme composed of three nonidentical subunits. The DmsAB subunits are hydrophilic and are localized on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. DmsC is the membrane-intrinsic polypeptide, proposed to anchor the extrinsic subunits. We have constructed a number of strains lacking portions of the chromosomal dmsABC operon. These mutant strains failed to grow anaerobically on glycerol minimal medium with DMSO as the sole terminal oxidant but exhibited normal growth with nitrate, fumarate, and trimethylamine N-oxide, indicating that DMSO reductase is solely responsible for growth on DMSO. In vivo complementation of the mutant with plasmids carrying various dms genes, singly or in combination, revealed that the expression of all three subunits is essential to restore anaerobic growth. Expression of the DmsAB subunits without DmsC results in accumulation of the catalytically active dimer in the cytoplasm. The dimer is thermolabile and catalyzes the reduction of various substrates in the presence of artificial electron donors. Dimethylnaphthoquinol (an analog of the physiological electron donor menaquinone) was oxidized only by the holoenzyme. These results suggest that the membrane-intrinsic subunit is necessary for anchoring, stability, and electron transport. The C-terminal region of DmsB appears to interact with the anchor peptide and facilitates the membrane assembly of the catalytic dimer.
Modulation of angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human melanocytic cells by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. (2001)

Human melanoma cells express two prominent angiogenic factors, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/fibroblast growth factor-2). In this study, we report on the relative contribution of these two factors to in vitro and in vivo growth of a tumorigenic melanoma cell line (WM164) and nontumorigenic, immortalized melanocytes (FM516SV). Overexpression of either cytokine significantly boosted tumorigenicity of WM164 cells in immunodeficient SCID mice. Attempting to overexpress bFGF antisense sequences produced no viable clones confirming earlier reports that autocrine bFGF is obligatory to melanoma cell survival and growth. By contrast, down-regulation of endogenous VEGF production did not affect growth of WM164 cells in vitro. In vivo expansion of WM164 cells expressing VEGF antisense was delayed but not abrogated. Forced expression of either bFGF or VEGF in immortalized but nontumorigenic melanocytes did not induce sustained tumor growth in vivo highlighting that neither of the two factors is sufficient for induction of tumorigenicity in this model system. Overexpression of either cytokine in WM164 cells led to the development of atypical large vessels but not to an increase in microvessel density. Taken together our results confirm an essential autocrine role of bFGF in human melanoma and indicate a beneficial but nonessential role of VEGF in the tumorigenic phenotype of human melanoma cells.
Novel therapeutic approaches to psoriasis. (1998)

Psoriasis is common, chronic and currently incurable. First-line therapies consist of topical preparations, the most recent of which include vitamin D3 and retinoid analogues. New approaches to phototherapy include narrow band ultraviolet B and photodynamic therapy. Considerable research is currently focused on immunomodulatory approaches to this disease.
The phase of a vector perturbed by Gaussian noise and differentially coherent receivers (1988)

Some results are presented regarding the asymptotic distribution of the phase of a vector perturbed by Gaussian noise. It is shown that for large signal-to-noise ratio, the asymptotic distribution of the phase is of the Tikhonov type. This framework is then used for the synthesis of differentially coherent receiver structures, one for M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) and the other for minimum-shift keying (MSK). The first structure bridges the performance gap between coherent and differentially coherent demodulation of MPSK. The MSK receiver uses matched filtering with differential demodulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retinyl Ester Hydrolysis and Retinol Efflux from BFC-1β Adipocytes (1997)

Adipose tissue is an important storage depot for retinol, but there are no data regarding retinol mobilization from adipose stores. To address this, dibutyryl cAMP was provided to murine BFC-1beta adipocytes and its effects on retinol efflux assessed. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of retinol and retinyl esters in adipocytes and media indicated that cAMP stimulated, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, retinol accumulation in the culture media and decreased cellular retinyl ester concentrations. Study of adipocyte retinol-binding protein synthesis and secretion indicated that cAMP-stimulated retinol efflux into the media did not result from increased retinol-retinol-binding protein secretion but was dependent on the presence of fetal bovine serum in the culture media. Since our data suggested that retinyl esters can be hydrolyzed by a cAMP-dependent enzyme like hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), in separate studies, we purified a HSL-containing fraction from BFC-1beta adipocytes and demonstrated that it catalyzed retinyl palmitate hydrolysis. Homogenates of Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing HSL catalyzed retinyl palmitate hydrolysis in a time-, protein-, and substrate-dependent manner, with an apparent Km for retinyl palmitate of 161 microM, whereas homogenates from control Chinese hamster ovary cells did not.
Microporous Conjugated Poly(thienylene arylene) Networks (2008)

Conjugated microporous polymer networks containing thienyl units are synthesized from two different monomers using oxidative polymerization. The resulting high surface area materials present interface rich, conjugated-polymer architectures, and are promising candidates for advanced material applications, such as in the field of organic electronics, for sensors and solar cells, or as polymer supports for metal catalysts.
Exploration and Exploitation in Symbolic Regression using Quality-Diversity and Evolutionary Strategies Algorithms (2019)

By combining Genetic Programming, MAP-Elites and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy, we demonstrate very high success rates in Symbolic Regression problems. MAP-Elites is used to improve exploration while preserving diversity and avoiding premature convergence and bloat. Then, a Covariance Matrix Adaptation-Evolution Strategy is used to evaluate free scalars through a non-gradient-based black-box optimizer. Although this evaluation approach is not computationally scalable to high dimensional problems, our algorithm is able to find exactly most of the $31$ targets extracted from the literature on which we evaluate it.
Association Among SF36 Quality of Life Measures and Nutrition, Hospitalization, and Mortality in Hemodialysis (2001)

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) often show substantial reductions in quality of life (QoL). The SF36 (Short Form with 36 questions), a well-documented, self-administered QoL scoring system that includes eight independent scales and two main dimensions, has been widely used and validated. In 65 adult outpatients on MHD, the SF36 and its scales and dimensions, scored as a number between 0 and 100, and the nutritional and inflammatory state measured by subjective global assessment, near-infrared (NIR) body fat, body mass index (BMI), and pertinent laboratory values, including hemoglobin, albumin, and C-reactive protein were assessed. Twelve-month prospective hospitalization rates and mortality were used as the clinical outcomes. Multivariate (case-mix) adjusted correlation coefficients were statistically significant between SF36 scores and serum albumin and hemoglobin concentrations. There were significant inverse correlations between SF36 scores and the BMI and NIR body fat percentage. Hypoalbuminemic, anemic, and obese patients on MHD had a worse QoL. Prospective hospitalizations correlated significantly with the SF36 total score and its two main dimensions (r between -0.28 and -0.40). The Cox proportional regression relative risk of death for each 10 unit decrease in SF36 was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.08 to 3.98; P = 0.02). Of the eight components and two dimensions of the SF36, the Mental Health dimension and the SF36 total score had the strongest predictive value for mortality. Thus, in patients on MHD the SF36 appears to have significant associations with measures of nutritional status, anemia, and clinical outcomes, including prospective hospitalization and mortality. Even though obesity, unlike undernutrition, is not generally an indicator of poor outcome in MHD, the SF36 may detect obese patients on MHD at higher risk for morbidity and mortality.
Masoprocol decreases rat lipolytic activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of HSL (2000)

Masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid), a lipoxygenase inhibitor isolated from the creosote bush, has been shown to decrease adipose tissue lipolytic activity both in vivo and in vitro. The present study was initiated to test the hypothesis that the decrease in lipolytic activity by masoprocol resulted from modulation of adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity. The results indicate that oral administration of masoprocol to rats with fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia significantly decreased their serum free fatty acid (FFA; P < 0.05), triglyceride (TG; P < 0.001), and insulin (P < 0.05) concentrations. In addition, isoproterenol-induced lipolytic rate and HSL activity were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in adipocytes isolated from masoprocol compared with vehicle-treated rats and was associated with a decrease in HSL protein. Incubation of masoprocol with adipocytes from chow-fed rats significantly inhibited isoproterenol-induced lipolytic activity and HSL activity, associated with a decrease in the ability of isoproterenol to phosphorylate HSL. Masoprocol had no apparent effect on adipose tissue phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, but okadaic acid, a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, blocked the antilipolytic effect of masoprocol. The results of these in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that the antilipolytic activity of masoprocol is secondary to its ability to inhibit HSL phosphorylation, possibly by increasing phosphatase activity. As a consequence, masoprocol administration results in lower serum FFA and TG concentrations in hypertriglyceridemic rodents.
Implementation of the Magic WAND wireless ATM modem (2003)

The Magic WAND project (wireless ATM network demonstrator) is a project within the European Union ACTS (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services) initiative. The project aims to design, verify, implement and demonstrate a wireless access network for ATM LANs. The WAND system is designed to operate in the 5.2 GHz band for indoor environments with user mobility limited to walking speed. This paper addressed the design and implementation of the wireless transmitter and receiver units and discusses complexity and performance.
Benefits of biodiversity conservation to agriculture and rural livelihoods (2008)

Abstract Well-managed protected areas (PAs) can halt habitat loss, and most countries have made commitments to expand their PA systems. Yet critics argue that even existing PAs deprive countries of needed agricultural lands and, given increased global agricultural demand, such expansion is unacceptable. This paper explores these issues at successive scales - from global to local. First, we examine potential conflicts between agriculture and PA expansion in forested regions using global-scale data. Second, we investigate the value of ecosystem services that support agriculture (e.g. erosion control, soil formation, pollination, biological control, and production of non-timber forest products) to regions identified as global priorities for biodiversity conservation, and spatially quantify the value of ecosystem services to agriculture. Third, we move to regional and national scales, examining how loss of forest services can reduce agricultural production, potentially compromising livelihoods. Finally, we examine ways to integrate agriculture and biodiversity conservation for sustainable landscapes and livelihoods. Across all scales, research demonstrates that in most places, it is both possible and desirable to expand the area for biodiversity conservation, thereby protecting ecosystem services that are vital to sustainable agricultural production and local livelihoods.
Studies on interaction of isocyanide with transition-metal complexes. 23. A seven-platinum cluster containing a trigonal-bipyramidal unit as the main framework, Pt7(2,6-Me2C6H3NC)12 (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on interaction of isocyanide with transition-metal complexes. 23. A seven-platinum cluster containing a trigonal-bipyramidal unit as the main framework, Pt7(2,6-Me2C6H3NC)12Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Katsuyuki Aoki, and Hiroshi YamazakiCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 10, 1377–1381Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/om50004a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (606 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts