gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-fluoro-compounds. Part IV. Photochemical and fluoride-initiated reactions between perfluoro-N-fluoropiperidine and perfluoropropene (1972)

Photolysis of perfluoro-N-fluoropiperidine in the presence of perfluoropropene gives perfluoro-(2-methylpentane), perfluoro-(2,3-dimethylbutane), perfluoro-(N-propylpiperidine). perfluoro-(N-isopropylpiperidine), perfluoro-[N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)piperidine], a 2:2 adduct (2C5F10NF:2C3F6), and perfluoro-NN′-bipiperidyl. Thermal reaction of perfluoro-N-fluoropiperidine with perfluoropropene in stainless steel in the presence of caesium fluoride yields, inter alia, perfluoro-(2-isopropyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) and perfluoro-(2-isopropylpyridine); this conversion is believed to involve defluorination of the piperidine to perfluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine followed by attack on this product by perfluoroisopropyl anion and subsequent aromatisation of perfluoro-(2-isopropyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) thus formed. Perfluoro-(2-isopropylpyridine) can be prepared from perfluoro-N-fluoropiperidine in three separate stages according to this scheme, which exemplifies a possible useful route to 2-substituted tetrafluoropyridines.
Hydrothermally synthesized graphene and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites for high performance capacitive deionization (2016)

Capacitive deionization (CDI) devices with low energy consumption and high salt removal efficiencies have attracted much attention.
Generation of trench dislocation in 0.25 μm logic technology and its elimination (2003)

The generation of defect around trench corners has been investigated using delayering and Wright etching method in 0.25 /spl mu/m logic technology. Process variables impacting the generation of dislocations, including densification of HDP oxide and source/drain (S/D) anneal are studied. It was found that the dislocation density increased abruptly after S/D implantation and post-anneal. Almost all dislocations were detected at trench bottom corners, which correspond to the stress concentrated region. The fact that all etch-pits are discovered at nMOS area without exception implies that the generation of trench dislocations is correlated to the N+S/D implantation. The change of S/D anneal from rapid thermal anneal (RTA) to tube anneal followed by RTA can completely eliminate trench dislocations.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DIFFERENT SYSTEM MODELS FOR ITERATIVE CT IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION (2013)

In this thesis, we propose an improved distance-driven model (IDDM) whose computational cost is as low as the distance-driven model (DDM) and the accuracy is comparable with the area integral model (AIM). The performance of different system models, such as pixel-driven model (PDM), ray-driven model (RDM), AIM, DDM and IDDM, are compared in the content of iterative CT image reconstruction algorithms. One of the key factors that limit the clinical application of an iterative reconstruction algorithm is the high computational cost which mainly depends on the system model. This thesis can serve as the basis for the acceleration study and will have a direct impact on development of fast and accurate iterative CT image reconstruction algorithms.
Translational autocontrol of the <i>Escherichia coli hfq</i> RNA chaperone gene (2005)

The conserved bacterial RNA chaperone Hfq has been shown to play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we demonstrate that Hfq synthesis is autoregulated at the translational level. We have mapped two Hfq binding sites in the 5'-untranslated region of hfq mRNA and show that Hfq binding inhibits formation of the translation initiation complex. In vitro translation and in vivo studies further revealed that Hfq binding to both sites is required for efficient translational repression of hfq mRNA.
Elevated NF-κB p50 complex formation and Bcl-3 expression in classical Hodgkin, anaplastic large-cell, and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas (2005)

Transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs), which share molecular lesions with cHL, the NF-kappaB system has not been equivalently investigated. Here we describe constitutive NF-kappaB p50 homodimer [(p50)2] activity in ALCL cells in the absence of constitutive activation of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. Furthermore, (p50)2 contributes to the NF-kappaB activity in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Bcl-3, which is an inducer of nuclear (p50)2 and is associated with (p50)2 in ALCL and HRS cell lines, is abundantly expressed in ALCL and HRS cells. Notably, a selective overexpression of Bcl-3 target genes is found in ALCL cells. By immunohistochemical screening of 288 lymphoma cases, a strong Bcl-3 expression in cHL and in peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) including ALCL was found. In 3 of 6 HRS cell lines and 25% of primary ALCL, a copy number increase of the BCL3 gene locus was identified. Together, these data suggest that elevated Bcl-3 expression has an important function in cHL and peripheral T-NHL, in particular ALCL.
Role of Smart Grids in Integrating Renewable Energy (2015)

This report was prepared for the International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN), which periodically publishes briefs and discussion papers on key topics of smart grid development globally. The topic of this report was selected by a multilateral group of national experts participating in ISGAN Annex 4, a working group that aims to produce synthesis insights for decision makers. This report is an update of a 2012 ISGAN Annex 4 report entitled “Smart Grid Contributions to Variable Renewable Resource Integration.” That report and other past publications of ISGAN Annexes can be found at www.iea-isgan.org and at www.cleanenergysolutions.org.
Image magnification in lensless holographic projection using double-sampling Fresnel diffraction (2015)

Since the diffraction angle is limited by the spatial resolution of the spatial light modulator (SLM), the size of the optical image of the lensless holographic projection with a SLM is very small. Using a divergent spherical beam to illuminate a SLM is an effective method to physically increase the projection angle; nevertheless, the sampling ranges of the existing Fresnel diffraction algorithms with fast Fourier transform keep unchanged. In this paper, a double-sampling Fresnel diffraction algorithm to enlarge the sampling range is proposed when using a divergent spherical beam to illuminate a SLM, and the magnification of the optical image is realized in lensless holographic projection. The hologram can be easily optimized by the Gerschberg-Saxton algorithm. Simulation and experimental results with enlarged optical image are presented successfully.
Invariant shape description and measure of object similarity (1992)

One of the most important problems in computer graphics and image processing is to find rotational, translational and scale invariant description of planar shapes. In the paper, a new invariant shape description by a binary shape matrix is presented. Properties of the shape matrix are discussed and a measure of the shape similarity is introduced. The problem of image matching is also addressed. It is shown that the shape matrix can be successfully used as the feature for object recognition.
The role of hemin in the regulation of heme synthesis by fetal mouse liver erythroblasts in culture. (1979)

The regulatory role of exogenous hemin on the heme synthetic pathway was studied in fetal mouse liver erythroblasts in culture. Hemin added to culture medium of 13th day embryo liver cells inhibited, dose dependently, the incorporation of the porphyrin precursors, 59Fe, 14C-2-glycine and 14C-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) by 85%, 70% and 45%, respectively. This suggests a multiple effect of hemin on the porphyrin biosynthetic enzymes. Exogenous ALA competed with 14 C-2-glycine as a porphyrin precursor, but the rate of heme synthesis, measured by 59Fe incorporation, remained unaltered. Protoporphyrin mimicked the hemin effect on the inhibition of glycine incorporation into heme, but reduced iron incorporation by only 20%. Erythroblasts, with an inhibited porphyrin biosynthesis, utilized exogenous 59Fe-hemin for hemoglobin assembly and maintained an undecreased level of hemoglobin synthesis. The results indicate that hemin inhibits the porphyrin biosynthesis in fetal mouse liver erythroblasts mainly at the iron incorporation stage.
Development of a glove-based optical fiber sensor for applications in human-robot interaction (2013)

A glove-based optical fiber sensor for the measurement of finger movements aiming HRI applications was developed. The device presented good response on the detection of angular displacements of finger joints, being suitable for further utilization in teleoperation and gesture-based robot navigation.
A new approach to recover depth information by microscopic image processing (2003)

A new approach to recover depth information by microscopic image processing is put forward and implemented in the paper. Firstly, an optical model for microscopic imaging is given. Secondly, a scheme to identify the spread parameters of the microscope by use of face objects is put forward. Then, the analytical solution of the optical model is given for rectangular face objects. Furthermore, an experiment is designed and carried out to set up a mapping between the spread parameter /spl sigma/ of the microscope and Z-axis coordinates. The mapping is finally obtained by using a genetic algorithm to search experiment data. Finally, the result above is applied to a virtual environment for micro operation with the features of microscopic image.
Variation Tolerant AFPGA Architecture (2011)

This paper describes the realization of an interconnect Delay Insensitive (DI) FPGA architecture with distributed asynchronous control. This architecture maintains the basic block structure of traditional FPGAs allowing the potential use of existing FPGA design tools in block design. This asynchronous FPGA architecture is mainly aimed at tolerating the unpredictable delay variations caused by process and environment variations in current and future VLSI technology nodes and also targets power supply variations, including modes such as dynamic voltage scaling and variable Vdd, such as in applications featuring energy harvesting. This is achieved by making the longer inter-block interconnects DI, keeping the computational logic single-rail, and removing global clocks.
Where Are the Crazy People (2010)

Caitlin Lee’s “Where Are the Crazy People?” focuses on Cal Poly Professor Lars Tomanek’s commitment to and passion for the environment. The author organizes her discussion according to a pattern of carefully selected responses to the interview questions that illustrate a particular depiction of her subject. This strategy of relying on Dr. Tomanek’s responses results in a sense of immediacy for the reader, in effect providing the audience a privileged glimpse into the interview and the subject’s worldview. Also, because ideas are sequenced analytically and rhetorically, not strictly chronologically, the essay maintains its focus on the analytical thesis by using as evidence only the strictly relevant portions of the subject’s responses. For instance, one paragraph explores a key point in Tomanek’s early development, while a later one defines him via descriptions of individuals whom he admires. Lee includes plenty of colorful descriptive detail that directly supports her observations about her subject in the opening paragraph. Quotation comprises roughly half of that paragraph—how well does this approach work in the introduction?
Forced Convergence Decoding of LDPC Codes - EXIT Chart Analysis and Combination with Node Complexity Reduction Techniques (2005)

Abstract: Recently, the concept of forced convergence decoding for Low-Density Parity-Check Codes has been introduced. Restricting the message passing in the iterative process to the nodes that still significantly contribute to the decoding result, this approach allows for substantial reduction in decoding complexity at negligible deterioration in performance. We analyze this novel technique using EXIT charts and show how it compares to and can be combined with other complexity reduction techniques. Our findings imply that forced convergence works effectively in conjunction with other complexity reduction techniques while retaining its attractiveness in terms of the complexity-performance trade-off. 1
Tissue Compatibility of Two Biodegradable Tubular Scaffolds Implanted Adjacent to Skin or Buccal Mucosa in Mice (2002)

Radiation therapy for cancer in the head and neck region leads to a marked loss of salivary gland parenchyma, resulting in a severe reduction of salivary secretions. Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment for these patients. To address this problem, we are using both tissue engineering and gene transfer principles to develop an orally implantable, artificial fluid-secreting device. In the present study, we examined the tissue compatibility of two biodegradable substrata potentially useful in fabricating such a device. We implanted in Balb/c mice tubular scaffolds of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), poly-glycolic acid coated with PLLA (PGA/PLLA), or nothing (sham-operated controls) either beneath the skin on the back, a site widely used in earlier toxicity and biocompatibility studies, or adjacent to the buccal mucosa, a site quite different functionally and immunologically. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postimplantation, implant sites were examined histologically, and systemic responses were assessed by conventional clinical chemistry and hematology analyses. Inflammatory responses in the connective tissue were similar regardless of site or type of polymer implant used. However, inflammatory reactions were shorter and without epithelioid and giant cells in sham-operated controls. Also, biodegradation proceeded more slowly with the PLLA tubules than with the PGA/PLLA tubules. No significant changes in clinical chemistry and hematology were seen due to the implantation of tubular scaffolds. These results indicate that the tissue responses to PLLA and PGA/PLLA scaffolds are generally similar in areas subjacent to skin in the back and oral cavity. However, these studies also identified several potentially significant concerns that must be addressed prior to initiating any clinical applications of this device.
Predictability in systems with many characteristic times: The case of turbulence (1996)

In chaotic dynamical systems, an infinitesimal perturbation is exponentially amplified at a rate given by the inverse of the maximum Lyapunov exponent \ensuremath{\lambda}. In fully developed turbulence, \ensuremath{\lambda} grows as a power of the Reynolds number. This result could seem to be in contrast to phenomenological arguments suggesting that, as a consequence of ``physical'' perturbations, the predictability time is roughly given by the characteristic lifetime of the large scale structures, and hence is independent of the Reynolds number. We show that such a situation is present in generic systems with many degrees of freedom, since the growth of a noninfinitesimal perturbation is determined by the cumulative effects of many different characteristic times and is unrelated to the maximum Lyapunov exponent. Our results are illustrated in a chain of coupled maps and in a shell model for the energy cascade in turbulence. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Pathophysiology and treatment of psoriasis (2000)

The pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis are reviewed. Psoriasis is characterized by defects in the normal cycle of epidermal development that lead to epidermal hyperproliferation, altered maturation of skin cells, and vascular changes and inflammation. The condition typically manifests as areas of thickened, flaky, silvery white and reddened skin that may hurt, itch, and bleed. Biochemical markers of psoriasis are changes in levels of keratins, keratinocyte transglutamase, migration inhibitory factor-related protein, skin-derived antileukoproteinase, involucrin, small protein rich protein 2, filaggrin, and cytokines. Types of psoriasis that may be clinically encountered include plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, and pustular psoriasis. Psoriasis is believed to be genetically linked but can also be triggered by mechanical, ultraviolet, and chemical injury; various infections; prescription drug use; psychological stress; smoking; and other factors. Topical treatment of psoriasis is usually the first line of therapy. Topical treatments consist of emollients and keratolytic agents, anthralin, coal tar, corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogues, topical retinoids, and topical psoralens plus ultraviolet A (UVA) light. In patients who do not respond adequately to topical therapy, oral or injectable therapy, such as oral retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and oral psoralens plus UVA light, may be warranted. Patients receiving systemic treatments should be carefully monitored for adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Drug therapy is the mainstay of the treatment of psoriasis. The potential adverse effects and interactions necessitate vigilant monitoring.
Total coliform detection in drinking water: comparison of membrane filtration with Colilert and Coliquik (1991)

The Colilert (CL) and Coliquik (CQ) systems were compared in a presence-absence format against the Standard Methods membrane filtration (MF) technique to determine whether differences existed in total coliform detection. Approximately 750 water samples were collected from distribution systems, covered and uncovered storage reservoirs, well sites, and the influent to drinking water treatment plants. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria with MF, CL, and CQ. The agreements between CL and MF and between CQ and MF were both greater than 94.8%, which indicates that both may be acceptable methods for total coliform detection. Disagreement between the CL and CQ methods was primarily due to false-negative results. Furthermore, laboratory and field inoculation methods were compared for CL, more than 98% agreement was obtained. This finding indicates that sampling and immediate field inoculation may be an alternative to the traditional laboratory inoculation.
Intracellular Localization of Two Enzymes Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis in <i>Melilotus alba</i> (1980)

The localization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC 4.3.1.5] within sweet clover (Melilotus alba) leaves was investigated. Apical buds and axillary leaves contained 15 to 30 times more enzyme activity than did mature leaves. Mesophyll protoplasts were prepared by digesting young leaves with Cellulysin and Macerase and were gently ruptured yielding intact chloroplasts. These chloroplast preparations exhibited neither phenylalanine ammonia-lyase nor o-coumaric acid O-glucosyltransferase activities. The general enzymic properties of sweet clover leaf phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were similar to those described for this enzyme isolated from other plant species. The conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, which occurred at an optimum pH of about 8.7, was strongly inhibited by the metabolites trans-cinnamic and o-coumaric acids. In contrast, o-coumaric acid glucoside, coumarin, p-coumaric acid, and melilotic acid had no significant effect on the reaction rate.
Purification and Characterization of 6‐Aminohexanoic‐Acid‐Oligomer Hydrolase of <i>Flavobacterium</i> sp. KI72 (1981)

6-Aminohexanoic-oligomer hydrolase of Flavobacterium sp. KI72 was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography three times, and by preparation polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis twice. The purified enzyme had the following characteristics. 1. The molecular weight was estimated to be 84000 by Sephadex G-200 molecular-sieve chromatography. The enzyme consisted of two homologous subunits of 42000, judged from sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. The optimum pH for activity was between 8 and 9, the optimum temperature was 40 degrees C for a 1-h reaction. The Michaelis-Menten constants and turnover numbers for the 6-aminohexanoic acid dimer and trimer were 5.9 mM and 2.4 s-1, and 6.2 mM and 2.0 s-1 respectively. 3. The enzyme was inhibited by 0.37 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate and by 0.013 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate. 4. The enzyme was active on 6-aminohexanoic acid oligomers from dimer to hexamer and icosamer but not on hectamer, and the activity decreased with the increase of the polymerization number of the oligomer. The oligomers were hydrolyzed so as to remove the 6-aminohexanoic acid residue successively from the amino terminus. The enzyme could not hydrolyze other linear amides, cyclic amides, dipeptides, tripeptides or casein. 5. 6-aminohexanoic-acid-oligomer hydrolase was classified as a new member of the linear amidases (EC 3.5.1.-).
Deux commanderies de la Frise médiévale (1986)

La Frise du bas Moyen Age, comment peut-on l’esquisser en quelques mots ? Bien que les frontières ne se touchent pas tout à fait, nous pouvons dire que cette région maritime de la mer du Nord correspondait aux provinces néerlandaises actuelles de la Frise et du Groningue d’une part, et de la Frise orientale allemande d’autre part. Ces régions côtières constituaient principalement un ensemble sur le plan socioculturel. On y parlait une langue unique propre, le frison, et une juridiction german...
Formal modelling of feature configuration workflows (2009)

In software product line engineering, the configuration process can be a long and complex undertaking that involves many participants. When configuration is supported by feature diagrams, two challenges are to modularise the feature diagram into related chunks, and to schedule them as part of the configuration process. Existing work has only focused on the first of these challenges and, for the rest, assumes that feature diagram modules are configured sequentially. This paper addresses the second challenge. It suggests using YAWL, a state-of-the-art workflow language, to represent the configuration workflow while feature diagrams model the available configuration options. The principal contribution of the paper is a new combined formalism: feature configuration workflows. A formal semantics is provided so as to pave the way for unambiguous tool specification and safer reasoning about of the configuration process. The work is motivated and illustrated through a configuration scenario taken from the space industry.
Image Data Compression: Block Truncation Coding (1995)

A comprehensive tutorial on block truncation coding (BTC), a specialized area within the data compression domain, providing a detailed study and relative assessment of its techniques. The focus is on the quality aspects of BTC performance relative to its computational requirements, and flexibility i
Simultaneous planar laser-induced incandescence, OH planar laser-induced fluorescence, and droplet Mie scattering in swirl-stabilized spray flames (2005)

Simultaneous planar laser-induced incandescence, hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence, and droplet Mie scattering are used to study the instantaneous flame structure and soot formation process in an atmospheric pressure, swirl-stabilized, liquid-fueled, model gas-turbine combustor. Optimal excitation and detection schemes to maximize single-shot signals and avoid interferences from soot-laden flame emission are discussed. The data indicate that rich pockets of premixed fuel and air along the interface between the spray flame and the recirculation zone serve as primary sites for soot inception. Intermittent large-scale structures and local equivalence ratio are also found to play an important role in soot formation.