gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are nuclear receptors acting as transcription factors on numerous target genes after heterodimerization with the retinoid X receptor. PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma may be activated by different agonists, although the endogenous ligands are unknown. Although PPAR-alpha is mainly involved in fatty acid oxidation and expressed in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and PPAR-gamma is mainly involved in fat cell differentiation and insulin sensitivity, both are expressed in smooth muscle cells and myocardium, although PPAR-gamma are scarce in the latter. Activators of PPAR-alpha such as fatty acids and fibrates, and PPAR-gamma such as thiazolidinediones have been shown to exert antiproliferative effects, antagonize angiotensin II actions in vivo and in vitro, and exert antioxidant actions inhibiting generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of inflammatory mediators on blood vessels and the heart. These agents lowered blood pressure in several models of hypertension and corrected endothelial dysfunction. They exerted anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic actions on blood vessels and the heart. With the development of dual alpha/gamma-PPAR activators, these newer agents may become interesting therapeutic agents for prevention of vascular and cardiac complications of hypertension as well as for preventative therapy in other forms of cardiovascular disease.
3-Substituted Phthalic Acid Derivatives by Sonogashira Coupling Reaction (2007)

Phthalic acid derivatives with carbon substituents in position 3 are easily accessible by Sonogashira coupling reaction of the corresponding bromo derivative. For reasonable conversions the phthaloyl moiety is masked as the N-phenylphthalimide, which can smoothly be converted into other phthalic acid derivatives.
Targeting RNA with Small Molecules (2003)

Revealing the “rules” that govern RNA–ligand recognition will have an impact on our ability to ultimately control cell function at the RNA level and combat pathogens by specifically targeting their RNA or RNA–protein complexes.
IgE antibody responses in young children with atopic dermatitis (2008)

In 2184 young children aged 13-24 months with atopic dermatitis (SCORAD 5-59) serum IgE antibodies to a standard panel of food and inhalant allergens were assayed. The frequency of positive IgE responses (>0.35 kU/l) increased with greater severity of skin disease. A significant minority of infants had levels of IgE antibody to foods to suggest they were at risk of acute reaction to those foods (7% to hen's egg, 3% to cow's milk, 4% to peanut). Our findings indicate that the frequency of positive IgE responses is related to disease severity and suggest that differences in the time course of the development of IgE responses to food, which are at maximum prevalence within the first year of life, while inhalant allergies, are still developing between 1 and 2 yr and beyond.
SES-Dedup: a Case for Low-Cost ECC-based SSD Deduplication (2019)

Integrating the data deduplication function into Solid State Drives (SSDs) helps avoid writing duplicate contents to NAND flash chips, which will not only effectively reduce the number of Program/Erase (P/E) operations to extend the device's lifespan but also proportionally enlarge the effective capacity of SSD to improve the performance of its behind-the-scenes maintenance tasks such as wear-leveling (WL) and garbage-collection (GC). However, these benefits of deduplication come at a non-trivial computational cost incurred by the embedded SSD controller to compute cryptographic hashes. To address this overhead problem, some researchers have suggested replacing cryptographic hashes with error correction codes (ECCs) already embedded in the SSD chips to detect the duplicate contents. However, all existing attempts have ignored the impact of the data randomization (scrambler) module that is widely used in modern SSDs, thus making it impractical to directly integrate ECC-based deduplication into commercial SSDs. In this work, we revisit SSD's internal structure and propose the first deduplicatable SSD that can bypass the data scrambler module to enable the low-cost ECC-based data deduplication. Specifically, we propose two design solutions, one on the host side and the other on the device side, to enable ECC-based deduplication. Based on our approach, we can effectively exploit SSD's built-in ECC module to calculate the hash values of stored data for data deduplication. We have evaluated our SES-Dedup approach by replaying data traces in an SSD simulator and found that it can remove up to 30.8% redundant data with up to 17.0% write performance improvement over the baseline SSD.
Nanofiltration of Nonionic Surfactants:  Effect of the Molecular Weight Cutoff and Contact Angle on Flux Behavior (2005)

Nonionic surfactants are widely used in industry, and large amounts of wastewater containing nonionic surfactants are produced each year. Nanofiltration (NF) is a possible option to purify these waters, reducing the overall water consumption and enhancing biological purification. However, the flux behavior of NF during purification of wastewaters containing nonionic surfactants is not well understood. NF tests were performed with both synthetic solutions and real wastewaters containing nonionic surfactants from carpet rinsing. When a membrane with a relatively high molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) was chosen, flux decreased to a level lower than that with most ultrafiltration membranes. When a low MWCO was chosen, flux either increased above pure water flux when a relatively hydrophobic membrane was chosen or decreased when a relatively hydrophilic membrane was chosen. NF thus seems feasible to reduce water usage in industrial processes involving nonionic surfactants when a proper membrane is selected. It appeared that flux is controlled by three mechanisms: first, the narrowing of membrane pores through adsorption of monomers when the MWCO is comparable or larger than the monomer size, causing flux decline; second, an improved wettability of the membrane surface through adsorption of monomers on hydrophobic groups, causing flux to increase above pure water flux; third, a decreased wettability through adsorption of monomers on hydrophilic groups, causing flux decline. The nonionic surfactant concentration, MWCO, and membrane's hydrophilicity determine which mechanism is dominant.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas with Domain Functionality: Synthesis and Advanced Characterization (2008)

Bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with —CH2—CH2—/—CH═CH— bridges have been synthesized using a salt assisted nonionic templating method. The ability to direct locations of the individual organic groups using a novel silica precursor prehydrolysis step is demonstrated. Depending on the prehydrolysis conditions the products showed either structural heterogeneities consisting of domains of the same functionality or a structurally homogeneous system, confirmed by 1H−29Si heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments. The resulting PMOs show large pore volumes (up to 1.34 cm3 g−1) and high surface areas (up to 1310 m2 g−1). The ability to form domain structures within the same mesostructure may have potential applications in molecular recognition and separation.
1D-scanning addressable multiregional multifocal multiphoton microscopy (2013)

We developed a novel addressable multiregional multiphoton microscope that employs a fast one-dimensional discrete-line scanning approach based on a spatial light modulator (SLM). The phase-only SLM shapes an incoming mode-locked, near-infrared Ti:sapphire laser beam into multiple specific discrete-lines, which are designed according to the sizes and locations of the target samples. Only the target-sample areas of are scanned one-dimensionally, resulting in an efficient use of the laser’s power. Compared with conventional multiphoton microscopies, this technique shortens scanning time and minimizes photodamage by concentrating scanning energy and dwell time on the areas of interest. Additionally, our discrete-line-focus design eliminates the cross-talk that occurs in conventional one-dimensional line-scanning multiphoton microscopes, thus enhancing the lateral and axial resolutions of the line-scanning imaging system.
Snuff gives heart rate, blood pressure a kick (1982)

There was no obvious cause for the elevated blood pressure (BP) of the football player at Texas Lutheran College, Seguin. But one fact fascinated William G. Squires, PhD, associate professor of physical education and biology. Since seventh grade, the young man had used oral tobacco. Could that be a factor? Also known as snuff (because once it primarily was sniffed through the nose) or chewing leaf, smokeless oral tobacco (so called because it now is often placed between the lip and gum for absorption through the oral mucosa) may be used by at least one in every 12 to 15 Americans. United States sales are said to be up by more than 25% since 1976, especially at colleges. Squires and colleagues from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (where he has an adjunct appointment) decided to study 20 male athlete volunteers. Ten were oral tobacco users; ten were not. All volunteers
Variants of transparent antennas (2011)

Calculations and simulation results for different transparent antennas are presented. The concrete variant of the antenna is offered.
Polarimetry of THz High-Order Sideband Generation: Towards a Measurement of Berry Curvature (2018)

Dynamical birefringence associated with high-order sideband generation is a consequence of Berry curvature of the driven material. Careful polarimetry opens the way to measuring Berry curvature in solids.
Erectile impotence--it can be highly treatable. (1980)

In brief, the treatment of impotence is the treatment of the underlying cause whenever possible. When irreversible organic impotence is found, however, penile prosthesis should be considered. Both hydraulic inflatable and semirigid rod types are available. Morbidity with the procedure is relatively low in experienced hands and patient satisfaction has been reported as quite high. Pharmacogenic impotence may require a change or reduction of medication. Depression usually responds to some combination of antidepressants, psychotherapy, or electroconvulsive therapy, while modern short-term sex therapy has proved effective in reversing many of the anxiety-related cases. Deep-seated, anxiety-based impotence may require extensive psychotherapy, but many cases of recent-onset psychogenic impotence can be managed quite successfully with education, reassurance, and the optional short-term use of testosterone.
Effects of a novel free radical scavenger, MCl-186, on ischemic brain damage in the rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model. (1997)

We investigated the effects of a free radical scavenger, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCl-186), on infarct areas, neurological deficits and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), with use of a rat thrombotic distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA) occlusion model to elucidate its possible therapeutic effects on focal cerebral ischemia. In addition, we have attempted to measure 2-oxo-3-(phenylhydrazono)-butanoic acid (OPB), which is the major oxidation product of MCl-186, in the penumbral cortex of a thrombotic dMCA occlusion model. Postischemic treatment with MCl-186 (3 mg/kg) significantly (P < .05) decreased the size of the cerebral infarcts 1 day after dMCA occlusion. MCl-186 (3 mg/kg) significantly (P < .05) improved the neurological deficits 1 day after dMCA occlusion. On the contrary, MCl-186 had no effect on rCBF 1 day after dMCA occlusion. MCl-186 mainly reacted into OPB by peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, the increase in OPB content in the ischemic penumbral cortex tissue was confirmed after 90 min of MCl-186 perfusion. These results suggest that MCI-186 has a protective effect on brain ischemia by reacting with oxygen radicals and that oxygen radicals are closely related to postischemic brain injury.
The mesh factor in sieving techniques (1958)

(1958). The mesh factor in sieving techniques. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 860-866.
Factors in the occlusivity of aqueous emulsions (1982)

The effects of various formulation parameters on occlusive properties of O/W emulsions were studied. Four oils of increasing polarities: perhydrosqualen, mineral oil, sweet almond oil and Miglyol 812 © were used. The non-ionic surfactants chosen were of the ester group: sorbitan monooleate-polyoxyethylene (20) and sorbitan monooleate (Montane 80 © and Montanox 80 © ) and of the ether group: polyoxyethylene-(2)-oleyl-ether and polyoxyethylene-(10)-oleyl-ether (Simulso192 © and Simulso196©). The proportion of $urfactants for each group was such as to obtain an HLB between 4.3 and 15. Finally three groups of emulsions were prepared by phase inversion using three oil-surfactant$-water ratios: 15-5-80; 10-10-80; 10-5-85. Occlusivity of emulsions was evaluated using hydrated gelatin as the substrate. The occlusivity of oils in decreasing order is: perhydrosqualen&gt; Miglyo1812&gt; mineral oil&gt; sweet almond oil. This property is not related to the dielectric constant of the oils. Occlusive effects of an emulsion were not in correlation with occlusivity of the oil. At the opposite, an occlusivity decrease with the proportion of surfactant and increase with the % of oil in the emulsion. The occlusivity of emulsions varied in the same manner as that of the corresponding oily phase. Activity of emulsions was the greatest at the HLB to which the isotropic oily phase was the most easily formed.
Overcoming the limitations of microelectronics using Si nanophotonics: solving the coupling, modulation and switching challenges (2004)

Optics on a silicon chip provides a new platform for the monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics and can open the door to a new technology that is free from conventional microelectronics. However, the difficulty in controlling light and diverting its path on silicon needs to be addressed before this technology can successfully be used to resolve current microelectronics bottlenecks. Here we use highly confined photonic structures for tailoring the optical mode of the structures and enhancing the electro-optical and nonlinear properties of silicon. We show high fibre to waveguide coupling efficiency and optical switching on-chip with very low powers.
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxide films using TMOSyO gas and plasma diagnostics (2003)

Thin oxide films are deposited from tetramethoxysilane in an inductively coupled oxygen glow discharge supplied with radio frequency power.The deposition rate and the chemical bonding states of deposited films are analyzed by ellipsometry and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively, and the intensities of light emission from molecules and radicals in the plasma are measured by optical emission spectroscopy.Langmuir probe is employed to estimate the plasma density and electron temperature.With these tools, the effects of parameters such as r. f.power of inductive coupling, substrate bias power, oxygen partial pressure ratio, total pressure on the properties of the film and of the plasma are investigated.The correlation between the properties of the film and the characteristics of the plasma are explained wherever possible. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Similarity between the corticotropin (ACTH) receptor and a peptide encoded by an RNA that is complementary to ACTH mRNA. (1985)

An interesting pattern in the genetic code was recently observed: Codons for hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on one strand of nucleic acid are complemented by codons for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids on the other strand, respectively. The average tendency of codons for "uncharged" (slightly hydrophilic) amino acids is to be complemented by codons for "uncharged" (slightly hydrophilic) amino acids. We have postulated that this pattern can result in the binding of peptides that are encoded by complementary RNA strands and we have presented supporting evidence. In this report we demonstrate the specific and high-affinity binding of naturally occurring peptides [corticotropin (ACTH) and gamma-endorphin] to synthetically derived counterparts that were specified by RNA sequences complementary to the mRNA for ACTH and gamma-endorphin, respectively. That this binding might result from one peptide being an "internal image" of the other was strongly suggested by the observation that antibody to the peptide that was encoded by the complementary RNA for ACTH recognized the adrenal cell ACTH receptor. Based on these findings, a theory on the evolution of peptides and their receptors is suggested.
A modular paper-and-plastic device for tuberculosis nucleic acid amplification testing in limited-resource settings (2019)

We present a prototype for conducting rapid, inexpensive and point-of-care-compatible nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for tuberculosis (TB). The fluorescent isothermal paper-and-plastic NAAT (FLIPP-NAAT) uses paper-based loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for DNA detection. The cost of materials required to build a 12-test-zone device is $0.88 and the cost of reagents per reaction is $0.43. An inexpensive imaging platform enables filter-free fluorescence detection of amplified DNA using a cell-phone camera. FLIPP-NAAT can be operated by an untrained user and only requires a regular laboratory incubator as ancillary equipment. All reagents can be dry-stored in the device, facilitating storage and transportation without cold chains. The device design is modular and the assay demonstrated high specificity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), analytical sensitivity of the order of 10 copies of Mtb gDNA, and tolerance to complex samples. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of sputum-based FLIPP NAAT tests were 100% (zero false negatives) and 68.75% (five false positives), respectively (N = 30), using Xpert MTB/RIF assay as the reference standard. FLIPP-NAAT has the potential to provide affordable and accessible molecular diagnostics for TB in low- and middle-income countries, when used in conjunction with an appropriate sample preparation technique. Although demonstrated for the detection of TB, FLIPP-NAAT is a platform technology for amplification of any nucleic acid sequence.
First Passage of Uncertain Nonlinear MDOF Systems with Uncorrelated Failure Modes (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A new capillary electrophoresis end-column amperometric detection system without the need for capillary/electrode alignment (2000)

A self-aligning end-column amperometric detection system for capillary electrophoresis was constructed. In this system, the electrode and capillary were exchanged easily and the capillary/electrode alignment procedure is not required. Gold, gold/mercury amalgam, copper and carbon fiber could be used as the working electrode. The principle is in the use of two disk holders with the capillary and the electrode in the center, so that by inserting the disk holders into a groove in the working electrode port, the capillary and the electrode are automatically aligned and the distance between the capillary and the electrode is assured at 0.24 mm. The relative standard deviation obtained using five different gold/mercury amalgam microdisk electrodes for determination of cysteine was 1.5% for the migration time and 3.3% for the electrophoretic peak current. The simple and convenient system was attractive for the routine analysis by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. The system was applied to the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in human serum.
Overlap resolution problem for block placement in VLSI layout (1990)

Abstract In VLSI layout design by the building block approach, a hierarchical floorplanning method is proposed in which the floorplan and global routing are determined simultaneously to realize low‐congestion switchboxes. In this method, overlap resolution, which preserves relative position and minimizes the obtained chip area, is needed to prevent the increase in the wire length of each net. In this paper, a fundamental study of this overlap resolution is made, and the following are described. (1) The formulation of the overlap resolution problem RI is given. In the formulation, (a) preservation of relative position among blocks, and (b) the minimization of obtained chip area are considered; (2) the computational complexity of the problem is analyzed, and then NP‐completeness of the problem RI is proved; and (3) a polynomial heuristic algorithm R for the problem RI is given. In addition, the result of simulation experiments to verify the efficiency of the heuristic algorithm R is also described.
Estimating Preferences under Risk: The Case of Racetrack Bettors (2000)

In this paper we investigate the attitudes toward risk of bettors in British horse races. The model we use allows us to go beyond the expected utility framework and to explore various alternative proposals by estimating a multinomial model on a 34,443‐race data set. We find that rank‐dependent utility models do not fit the data noticeably better than expected utility models. On the other hand, cumulative prospect theory has higher explanatory power. Our preferred estimates suggest a pattern of local risk aversion similar to that proposed by Friedman and Savage.
An Improved Method For Computerized Tomography-Planned Transperineal <sup>125</sup> Iodine Prostate Implants (1991)

Transperineal 125iodine implants of the prostate can be performed with ultrasound guidance, a simple technique that has met with widespread acceptance. However, ultrasound does not allow good visualization of the pubic bones in relation to the pelvic outlet, and the pubic bones may interfere with needle placement in the anterior peripheral aspect of the prostate. Adequate irradiation of the entire periphery of the prostate is important to assure tumor control, since most tumors are multicentric and may involve the anterior aspect of the prostate. A computerized tomography-based treatment planning procedure that allows for angulation of transperineal needles to avoid the pubic bones and still reaches the most peripheral aspects of the gland is described. The technique also allows for the use of transrectal ultrasound and fluoroscopy to verify correct needle placement in the prostate at the procedure. Early treatment results, based on prostate specific antigen and regression of palpable tumors, are encouraging.
The Brazilian perspective of scientific assessment methods of Lean Manufacturing (2011)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os metodos cientificos de avaliacao da Manufatura Enxuta (ME) no contexto da pesquisa brasileira, identificando suas principais caracteristicas e oportunidades no desenvolvimento de novos metodos. A partir de uma revisao bibliografica nos principais periodicos brasileiros de Engenharia de Producao identificaram-se 8 artigos, distribuidos em 6 diferentes periodicos entre o periodo de 2003 a 2008. Os resultados demonstram que: as praticas da ME mais utilizadas pelos metodos sao Manutencao Produtiva Total, Integracao de fornecedores, Flexibilidade da mao de obra, Programas de Melhoria Continua e Troca rapida de ferramentas; a abordagem metodologica mais utilizada e o estudo de caso; metade dos metodos se baseia em outros metodos de avaliacao da ME ja existentes e; a maioria dos metodos e desenvolvida para avaliacao do chao de fabrica. Finalmente, sao apresentadas algumas implicacoes para pesquisas futuras . Palavras-chave: Manufatura Enxuta, metodo de avaliacao, implantacao.