gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed learning and cooperative learning (2005)

The concept of modularization and coupling connectionist network modules is a promising way of building large-scale neural networks and improving the learning performance of these networks. On the other hand, the modularization scheme would be of little use if there does not exist such an appropriate learning procedure to train high-level modules separately and to integrate those functionally pre-specified modules efficiently. This paper describes a way of realizing such a learning procedure that supports the modularization and coupling connectionist network modules. We present a distributed learning procedure for networks composed of many separate modular networks, each of which is trained to handle a subset of the complete set of training examples. This paper also describes a way of coupling decomposed neural networks modules. It is shown that with the proper decomposition, the whole network is composed as the weighted summation of the decomposed network modules.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted indoles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted indolesDuane E. Rudisill and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 25, 5856–5866Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00286a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00286a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2562Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autonomous Calibration of Hexapod Machine Tools1 (1997)

Hexapod machines are emerging as a new type of CNC machine tools. Among other things, stringent calibration is an important means to improve their accuracy. Traditionally, to perform system calibration, one needs to measure a number of machine poses using an external measuring device. However, this process is often labor-intensive and invasive, and difficult for on-line calibration. In this paper, a systematic way of self-calibrating a hexapod machine tool is introduced. By adding a small number of redundant internal sensors, errors of the hexapod machine tool can be measured. This approach has the potential of automatically producing high accuracy measurement data over the entire workspace of the system with an extremely fast measurement rate. Once the measurement data is available, a recursive filter is applied to estimate machine parameter errors from the predicted geometric errors, and to update the model residing in the machine controller. Thus, it is possible to dynamically calibrate and compensate for various types of machine errors including those induced by thermal and loading variations, without interrupting the normal operation of the machine tool. To verify the concept, preliminary experimental studies were conducted on a Stewart platform built at Florida Atlantic University. [S1087-1357(00)70901-4]
Structure determination of metabolites of rilmazafone, a<sup>1</sup>H-1,2,4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative in monkey urine (1988)

1. The metabolism of a new hypnotic 5-[(2-aminoacetamido)methyl]- 1-[4-chloro-2-(o-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-tr iaz ole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride dihydrate (rilmazafone hydrochloride) was studies in female cynomolgus monkeys. 2. The structures of ten urinary metabolites were determined by mass spectrometry, and confirmed by comparison with synthetic authentic compounds. 3. Pathways of metabolism are postulated indicating that rilmazafone is desglycylated and cyclized to M-1, demethylated successively to M-2 and M-3, then hydrolysed to M-4, or hydroxylated at the 4-position of benzodiazepine ring or the p-position of the o-chlorophenyl group.
Camptothecins and Lung Cancer: Improved Delivery Systems by Aerosol (2003)

Lung cancer is the largest and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The cure rate for lung cancer remains lowest among all malignancies. The discovery of new chemical agents with activity in first onset and recurrent disease is crucial for advancing treatment of patients with pulmonary tumors. Camptothecins are known as inhibitors of topoisomerase I, one of the key enzymes for DNA replication and subsequent cell proliferation. Preclinical and clinical studies had shown that the camptothecins are active against lung cancer and other solid malignancies. In this paper, we review the status of camptothecin and derivatives for treatment of pulmonary cancers, including the development of new formulations and, particularly, novel aerosol routes of drug administration, and their application in combination therapy.
Comparison of cure conditions for rigid rod epoxy and bisphenol A epoxy using thermomechanical analysis (1998)

Thermomechanical analysis was used to compare cure conditions of a bisphenol A epoxy resin composition and the same composition prepared with a rigid rod biphenol epoxy resin. The rigid rod system exhibited a lower curing rate and lower thermal expansion than did the bisphenol A system. The glass transition and thermal expansion of the rigid rod system can be varied by manipulation of the ratio of curing agent to epoxy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2163–2167, 1998
4H-SiC oxynitridation for generation of insulating layers (2004)

This paper describes the present state of a nitrogen-based passivation for SiO2 layers on 4H-SiC. Interface state density, oxide breakdown field, channel mobility and gate oxide reliability have been characterized following nitric oxide (NO) passivation anneals. The kinetics of nitrogen incorporation and the quantitative modelling between nitrogen content and interface trap density with NO anneals have also been discussed.
Advanced semiconductor fundamentals (1987)

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with References and Problems.) 1. Basic Semiconductor Properties. General Material Properties. Crystal Structure. 2. Elements of Quantum Mechanics. The Quantum Concept. Basic Formalism. Simple Problem Solutions. 3. Energy Band Theory. Preliminary Considerations. Approximate One-Dimensional Analysis. Extrapolation of Concepts to Three Dimensions. 4. Equilibrium Carrier Statistics. Density of States. Fermi Function. Supplemental Information. Equilibrium Concentration Relationships. Concentration and E F Calculations. 5. Recombination-Generation Processes. Introduction. Recombination-Generation Statistics. Surface Recombination-Generation. Supplemental R-G Information. 6. Carrier Transport. Drift. Diffusion. Equations of State. Index.
A Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Based on Generalized Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Lines (2009)

A dual-band bandpass filter is presented. The filter is composed of generalized negative-refractive-index transmission-lines (NRI-TL) realized in microstrip. The filtering mechanism relies on all four of the generalized NRI-TLs' left-handed and right-handed passbands. Under the closed stopband condition, two passbands are achieved. A complete design procedure is described. A fabricated example measures 0.25lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> 0.25lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> , where omega <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> is the wavelength of the center frequency of the stopband. Maximum insertion loss in the passbands (centered around 4 GHz) is measured at 1.5 dB.
Using Pareto principle plus statistic methodology in establishing a cost estimating model (2013)

\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevious experience and research indicated that the Pareto Principle (80/20 Principle) has been widely used in many industries to achieve more with less. The study described in this paper concurs that this principle can be applied to improve the estimating accuracy and efficiency, especially in design development stage of projects. In fact, establishing an effective cost estimating model to improve accuracy and efficiency in design development stage has been a subject, which has attracted many research attentions over several decades. For over almost 40 years, research studies indicate that using the 80/20 Principle is one of the approaches. However, most of these studies were built by assumption, theoretical analysis or questionnaire survey. The objective of this research is to explore a logical and systematic method to establish a cost estimating model based on the Pareto Principle. This paper includes extensive literatures review on cost estimating accuracy and efficiency in the construction industry that points out the current gap of knowledge area and understanding of the topical. These reviews assist in developing the direction for the research and explore the potential methodology of using the Pareto Principle in the new cost estimating model. The findings of this paper suggest that combining the Pareto Principle with statistical analysis could be used as the technique to improve the accuracy and efficiency of current estimating methods in design development stage.\n\t\t\t\t
A Linked-Data Model for Semantic Sensor Streams (2013)

This paper describes a semantic modelling scheme, a naming convention and a data distribution mechanism for sensor streams. The proposed solutions address important challenges to deal with large-scale sensor data emerging from the Internet of Things resources. While there are significant numbers of recent work on semantic sensor networks, semantic annotation and representation frameworks, there has been less focus on creating efficient and flexible schemes to describe the sensor streams and the observation and measurement data provided via these streams and to name and resolve the requests to these data. We present our semantic model to describe the sensor streams, demonstrate an annotation and data distribution framework and evaluate our solutions with a set of sample datasets. The results show that our proposed solutions can scale for large number of sensor streams with different types of data and various attributes.
True 3D packaging solution for stacked vertical power devices (2013)

This paper presents recent advances and breakthroughs of an alternative 3D packaging solution for vertical power devices. Direct bonding technology and trench isolation used for power device islanding are the cornerstone of this scheme of integration. Involving direct copper bonding layers, the technology is used during the mid-process to enable the wafer level bonding of vertical power devices to a joint metallic substrate while optimizing the devices intrinsic performances. Wafer level islanding and interconnect is used to simplify and guarantee the true 3D assembly at module level. This 3D assembly is based on the interconnect of matrices of low side and high side vertical power devices on top of each other. Our technology optimizes component surface height as well as alignments constraints. As a result, the true 3D integration of the active parts for power converters is optimized to the highest possible level, leading to strongly reduced EMI levels and increased switching speed capabilities. Key challenges, both on design, fabrication and implementation are presented, and the first prototypes based on four switching cells of vertical 500V power diodes and MOSFETs are introduced.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Photorespiratory Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Activity Requires the Mitochondrial Accumulation of Ferredoxin-Dependent Glutamate Synthase (2009)

The dual affinity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase for O(2) and CO(2) results in the net loss of fixed carbon and energy in a process termed photorespiration. The photorespiratory cycle is complex and occurs in three organelles, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, which necessitates multiple steps to transport metabolic intermediates. Genetic analysis has identified a number of mutants exhibiting photorespiratory chlorosis at ambient CO(2), including several with defects in mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) activity. One class of mutants deficient in SHMT1 activity affects SHM1, which encodes the mitochondrial SHMT required for photorespiration. In this work, we describe a second class of SHMT1-deficient mutants defective in a distinct gene, GLU1, which encodes Ferredoxin-dependent Glutamate Synthase (Fd-GOGAT). Fd-GOGAT is a chloroplastic enzyme responsible for the reassimilation of photorespiratory ammonia as well as for primary nitrogen assimilation. We show that Fd-GOGAT is dual targeted to the mitochondria and the chloroplasts. In the mitochondria, Fd-GOGAT interacts physically with SHMT1, and this interaction is necessary for photorespiratory SHMT activity. The requirement of protein-protein interactions and complex formation for photorespiratory SHMT activity demonstrates more complicated regulation of this crucial high flux pathway than anticipated.
Practical Laboratory Testing for Shale Fracturing (2014)

Abstract A suite of practical laboratory tests has been developed to characterize the performance of shale fracturing fluids and chemicals. The testing suite includes friction reduction, capillary suction time, and shale strength changes after exposure to the fracturing fluid. The friction testing method was correlated to previously published work in larger diameter tubing and utilizes a small volume of water so that actual field water samples can be used. The capillary suction utilizes off-the-shelf equipment to give rapid determination of fluid and shale interactions. The shale strength change method involves dynamic exposure of shale cores to the fracturing fluid at temperature, shear rates and times representative of the fracturing treatment. Shale strength changes are determined by measuring hardness of the core surface exposed to the fracturing fluid and comparing it to the opposite side of the core which was not exposed to fluids. The friction reduction test has been used with great success to rate the performance of friction reducers in various types of water, to determine optimum friction reducer concentration, and to determine the interaction of other common additives such as biocides or scale inhibitors with the friction reducers. The strength testing has shown significant strength reduction in some shales with certain types of fracturing fluids and little strength reduction when the fracturing fluid was changed. A variety of fracturing fluids have been tested from slickwater to gelled oil fluids to traditional crosslinked fluid. The strength reduction should be indicative of proppant embedment in the shale. The suite of tests proposed has been successfully used for multiple operators in order to determine interaction effects of fracturing fluids with shales as well as to optimize friction reducer performance.
A simple method for identifying and testing the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (1985)

Simultaneous stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and palpation of an impulse in the homolateral cricothyroid area was performed upon 20 patients. Electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with currents of 2 milliamperes caused no postoperative deficits in any of the patients studied. This is a simple and reproducible method to help identify the RLN and to confirm that the recurrent nerve is intact and viable at the completion of a surgical procedure. The technique is simpler than checking cord motion at the conclusion of surgical procedures upon the thyroid or parathyroid glands. Due to the variability of the response in some of the patients, we believe that the procedure should be tried on more patients before it is recommended as a conclusive test.
Balanced left ventricular myocardial SSFP‐tagging at 1.5T and 3T (2008)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of steady-state free precession (SSFP)-tagging at 1.5T and 3T and to define the ideal settings with respect to optimized tag contrast throughout the cardiac cycle for both field strengths. To identify optimal imaging parameters data acquisition was repeated for different flip angles. Left ventricular tag-tissue contrast, tag fading times, tag persistence, and myocardial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were quantified in basal, mid-ventricular, and apical slice locations. To assess the effect of field strength on image quality and artifact level, additional semiquantitative image grading was performed by two experienced readers. SSFP-tagging at 3T proved superior to 1.5T and provided significantly enhanced tag persistence and myocardial SNR while maintaining overall image quality and artifact level. The definition of a tag quality index demonstrated optimal SSFP-tagging performance for a flip angle of 20 degrees . Diastolic tag visibility was improved at 3T and resulted in enhanced average tag persistence of 789 +/- 128 ms compared to 523 +/- 40 ms at 1.5T. For SSFP-tagging at 3T the combination of T(1) lengthening and superior myocardial SNR is highly promising and has the potential to improve the depiction of tagged myocardial function throughout the entire cardiac cycle.
[Clinical and experimental study on treating bronchial asthma with xingbei granule]. (1997)

XBG do attain the dual goal of controlling the asthmatic symptoms and reducing the asthmatic attack.
Prevention and Treatment of Relapse Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2014)

Allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant are therapies that are utilized to cure either patients with high-risk hematologic malignancy in first remission or those patients who suffer a relapse and have little or no other potential curative options. The major risk of the procedure in the autologous setting is recurrence of the disease, something that is, unfortunately, common in both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and multiple myeloma, which are the major indications for the use of this approach. The clinical scenarios described in this chapter focus on the dilemma faced by physicians in assessing patients for transplant and dealing with the aftermath, should there be a relapse of the disease.
Transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus (> or = 4 mm) with multiple Gianturco coils: immediate and mid-term results. (1996)

Anterograde transcatheter closure with multiple Gianturco coils is an effective treatment for most patients with large PDA of diameters up to 7 mm. This technique can be performed in small infants on an outpatient basis without the need for general endotracheal anaesthesia.
Video-based emotion recognition using CNN-RNN and C3D hybrid networks (2016)

In this paper, we present a video-based emotion recognition system submitted to the EmotiW 2016 Challenge. The core module of this system is a hybrid network that combines recurrent neural network (RNN) and 3D convolutional networks (C3D) in a late-fusion fashion. RNN and C3D encode appearance and motion information in different ways. Specifically, RNN takes appearance features extracted by convolutional neural network (CNN) over individual video frames as input and encodes motion later, while C3D models appearance and motion of video simultaneously. Combined with an audio module, our system achieved a recognition accuracy of 59.02% without using any additional emotion-labeled video clips in training set, compared to 53.8% of the winner of EmotiW 2015. Extensive experiments show that combining RNN and C3D together can improve video-based emotion recognition noticeably.
Iduna is a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates DNA damage (2011)

Ubiquitin mediated protein degradation is crucial for regulation of cell signaling and protein quality control. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a cell-signaling molecule that mediates changes in protein function through binding at PAR binding sites. Here we characterize the PAR binding protein, Iduna, and show that it is a PAR-dependent ubiquitin E3 ligase. Iduna's E3 ligase activity requires PAR binding because point mutations at Y156A and R157A eliminate Iduna's PAR binding and Iduna's E3 ligase activity. Iduna's E3 ligase activity also requires an intact really interesting new gene (RING) domain because Iduna possessing point mutations at either H54A or C60A is devoid of ubiquitination activity. Tandem affinity purification reveals that Iduna binds to a number of proteins that are either PARsylated or bind PAR including PAR polymerase-1, 2 (PARP1, 2), nucleolin, DNA ligase III, KU70, KU86, XRCC1, and histones. PAR binding to Iduna activates its E3 ligase function, and PAR binding is required for Iduna ubiquitination of PARP1, XRCC1, DNA ligase III, and KU70. Iduna's PAR-dependent ubiquitination of PARP1 targets it for proteasomal degradation. Via PAR binding and ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, Iduna protects against cell death induced by the DNA damaging agent N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and rescues cells from G1 arrest and promotes cell survival after γ-irradiation. Moreover, Iduna facilitates DNA repair by reducing apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites after MNNG exposure and facilitates DNA repair following γ-irradiation as assessed by the comet assay. These results define Iduna as a PAR-dependent E3 ligase that regulates cell survival and DNA repair.
<i>ORMDL3</i> Gene Is Associated with Asthma in Three Ethnically Diverse Populations (2008)

Our results confirm that the ORMDL3 locus is a risk factor for asthma in ethnically diverse populations. However, inconsistent SNP-level results suggest that further studies will be needed to determine the mechanism by which ORMDL3 predisposes to asthma.
Security of the DNS Protocol - Implementation and Weaknesses Analyses of DNSSEC (2012)

Today, Internet offers many critical applications. So, it becomes very crucial for Internet service providers to ensure traceability of operations and to secure data exchange. Since all these communications are based on the use of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol, it becomes necessary to think to enhance and secure it by proposing a secure version of this protocol that can correct the whole or a part of the DNS protocol weaknesses and vulnerabilities. In this context, DNSsec was created by the IETF to ensure the integrity of DNS data and authentication of the source of such data. DNSsec is based on the key cryptography public to provide different security services. In the present paper, we will present first the DNS protocol and its weaknesses. After that, we will be interested in studying the DNSsec implementation and data exchange, and then give a deep analysis of its weaknesses.