gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell lines derived from teratocarcinomas. (1976)

A variety of cell lines have been isolated in vitro from transplantable teratocarcinomas. Some of them correspond to embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. They are malignant and represent the stem cells from which all differentiated tissues derive in the tumor or in vitro. EC cells share some biochemical and antigenic properties with multipotential embryonic cells. From one of these EC cell lines, variants have been isolated in vivo and in vitro. Some are of EC type but restricted in their pattern of differentiation; others are altered in their tumorigenicity or in their antigenic characteristics. Another class of such variants corresponds to non-EC types. The most interesting ones correspond to tumoral lines of extra-embryonic tissues. All these cell lines constitute a valuable material for the study of mouse development and differentiation.
HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY (1966)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was localized immunohistochemically to cells in the pars anterior and pars tuberalis of the human pituitary gland. Upon restaining with a variety of histochemical procedures, LH-containing cells were found to be aldehyde fuchsin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive; however, the intensity of histochemical staining failed to correlate with that of fluorescence. Only a few of the PAS- or aldehyde fuchsin-positive cells contained LH. In contrast to the above, with the performic acid-alcian blue-PAS-organge G sequence of Adams, all cells containing LH were turquoise colored, alcian blue-positive (S 1 mucoid cells) and vice versa. This study was performed with antiserum specific for human chorionic gonadotropin which was shown to cross react in immunodiffusion analysis with purified human pituitary luteinizing hormone and to be capable of neutralizing its biological activity.
Water-Soluble “Poly(propylene oxide)” by Random Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide with a Protected Glycidol Monomer (2012)

Hydrophilic, functional poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) copolymers were prepared by anionic random copolymerization of propylene oxide with the protected glycidyl derivative ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE). The monobenzyl-protected ethylene glycol initiator 2-(benzyloxy)ethanol was used to initiate the polymerization because it allows for the introduction of hydroxyl groups at both ends of the polymer chain. Acidic deprotection permitted selective removal of the acetal protecting groups in the chain or alternatively orthogonal deprotection of the terminal hydroxyl group by catalytic hydrogenation. A series of narrowly distributed hydroxyl-functional PPO copolymers (Mw/Mn < 1.07–1.25 g mol–1) was obtained with varying composition between 2 and 75% glycerol units and molecular weights in the range of 3000 to 8000 g mol–1. Monomer consumption and compositional drift in monomer feed were studied via 1H NMR kinetics, revealing a slightly tapered structure, but confirmed a distribution of EEGE in the polar PPO-based copolymers. Cloud-point measurements showed temperature-dependent water solubility, with LCSTs in the range of 20 to 70 °C. The study demonstrates that an incorporation of 11% of the hydroxyl-functional, linear glycerol units suffices to obtain functional PPO copolymers that are water-soluble at room temperature.
Biological Perspectives on Human Pigmentation (1991)

Skin colour is perhaps the most decisive and abused physical characteristic of humankind. This book presents a multidisciplinary overview of how and why human populations vary so markedly in their skin colour. The biological aspects of the pigment cell and its production of melanin are reviewed. The functions of melanin in the skin, brain, eye and ear are considered, and the common clinical abnormalities of pigmentation, such as albinism, are described and illustrated. Detailed reflectance data from worldwide surveys of skin colour are also presented. The historical and contemporary background of the phenomenon is explored in relation to the so-called 'colour problem' in society. Finally, the possible evolutionary forces which shape human pigmentation are assessed. This fascinating account will be of interest to graduate students and researchers of biological anthropology, anatomy, physiology and dermatology, as well as medical practitioners.
Space‐Charge Development in Glass (1960)

Data are given that graphically demonstrate space‐charge build‐up in a glass containing alkali and in a glass relatively free of alkali. The observed potential distributions show a decided asymmetry and have large potential drops near the electrodes with a linear potential change near the center of the sample. The observations qualitatively fit the expected theoretical distributions, according to Proctor and Sutton, for material having cations mobile and anions essentially immobile. Crude estimates arising from comparison with the theory yield carrier concentration near 2 × 10 16 per cm 3 . mobility of the cation near 3 × 10 ‐6 cm. 2 per volt second, and diffusion constant near 2 × 10 ‐6 cm. 2 per second. These mobility and diffusion values are two orders of magnitude larger than values computed from conductivity data or computed from measurements of the diffusion coefficient for sodium cations, both in simple alkali silicates. According to the theory, these higher values are perhaps reasonable, since they are associated with only the more mobile portion of the cation population.
Quantitative rt‐PCR holds promise as a screening tool for patients with severe sepsis (2011)

The quantitative assay for 16S rDNA might be a useful screening tool to detect severe sepsis in those whom it might not be clinically suspected. However, prospective studies are required to further assess the clinical usefulness of this assay.
Absolute Bioavailability of Phenytoin After 3‐Phosphoryloxymethyl Phenytoin Disodium (ACC‐9653)Administration to Humans (1990)

3-Phosphoryloxymethyl phenytoin disodium (ACC-9653) is a water-soluble investigational phenytoin (PHT) prodrug for parenteral administration. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the absolute bioavailability and free fraction of PHT after intravenous (i.v.) administration of ACC-9653. Twelve healthy male volunteers received PHT sodium (250 mg/5 ml; 229.95 mg free acid) and ACC-9653 (375 mg/5 ml; 232.87 mg free acid) i.v. in 30 min in a randomized, double-blind cross-over fashion. The conversion half-life (t 1/2) of ACC-9653 to PHT was 9.3 +/- 2.7 min. ACC-9653 was not detected in urine and greater than 99% of ACC-9653 was converted to PHT. The PHT area under the curve (AUC) was not statistically different between treatments; the bioavailability of PHT after ACC-9653 was 99 +/- 11%. The fraction of unbound converted PHT at the end of the prodrug infusion, in the presence of 44 micrograms/ml ACC-9653, was significantly higher than at 180 min, when the concentration of ACC-9653 was 0.1 microgram/ml. ACC-9653 was shown to be a bioequivalent PHT prodrug exhibiting less irritation at the injection site than the current marketed PHT.
Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction with a Reactive Solvent Modifier for the Determination of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1993)

Journal Article Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction with a Reactive Solvent Modifier for the Determination of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Get access J.W. Hills, J.W. Hills Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99165-4630 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H.H. Hill H.H. Hill * Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99165-4630 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 6–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/31.1.6 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 22 June 1992 Revision received: 04 August 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Floquet topological system based on frequency-modulated classical coupled harmonic oscillators (2016)

We theoretically propose how to observe topological effects in a generic classical system of coupled harmonic oscillators, such as classical pendula or lumped-element electric circuits, whose oscillation frequency is modulated fast in time. Making use of Floquet theory in the high-frequency limit, we identify a regime in which the system is accurately described by a Harper-Hofstadter model where the synthetic magnetic field can be externally tuned via the phase of the frequency modulation of the different oscillators. We illustrate how the topologically protected chiral edge states, as well as the Hofstadter butterfly of bulk bands, can be observed in the driven-dissipative steady state under a monochromatic drive. In analogy with the integer quantum Hall effect, we show how the topological Chern numbers of the bands can be extracted from the mean transverse shift of the steady-state oscillation amplitude distribution. Finally, we discuss the regime where the analogy with the Harper-Hofstadter model breaks down.
The Expression and Function of Androgen Receptor Coactivator p44 and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 in the Developing Testis and Testicular Tumors (2007)

These results suggest distinct functions of the nuclear and the p44/protein arginine methyltransferase 5 complexes in the developing fetal testis and in the oncogenesis of testicular tumors. Further studies are needed to confirm the functional relevance of these findings.
The Eternal system: an architecture for enterprise applications (1999)

The Eternal system supports networked enterprise applications that must operate continuously 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Based on the CORBA standard, Eternal provides object replication not only for fault tolerance but also for live software upgrades, as well as resource management facilities. Through the use of interceptors, Eternal renders the object replication transparent to the application, as well as to the ORB and to the operating system. Thus, Eternal works with commercial off-the-shelf CORBA ORBs and standard unmodified operating systems. Eternal handles the difficult issues of object replication, fault tolerance, live upgrades and resource management, thereby allowing the application programmers to focus on the applications.
Object operations benchmark (1992)

Performance is a major issue in the acceptance of object-oriented and relational database systems aimed at engineering applications such as computer-aided software engineering (CASE) and computer-aided design (CAD). Because traditional database systems benchmarks are inapproriate to measure performance for operations on engineering objects, we designed a new benchmark Object Operations version 1 (OO1) to focus on important characteristics of these applications. OO1 is descended from an earlier benchmark for simple database operations and is based on several years experience with that benchmark. In this paper we describe the OO1 benchmark and results we obtained running it on a variety of database systems. We provide a careful specification of the benchmark, show how it can be implemented on database systems, and present evidence that more than an order of magnitude difference in performance can result from a DBMS implementation quite different from current products; minimizing overhead per database call, offloading database server functionality to workstations, taking advantage of large main memories, and using link-based methods.
Visualization of bubble behavior for jet impingement cooling with phase change (2014)

Jet impingement cooling with phase change is a technique that has been successfully used to dissipate high heat fluxes (of order of 100 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and higher) from advanced electronics. This work reports high speed visualization of jet impingement boiling on a copper heat spreader with porous coating. The coolant used in the experiments is a dielectric fluid, HFE-7100, in combination with a 5 × 5 array of round jets with orifice diameter of 0.75 mm. Both heat transfer and pressure drop are measured for different heat fluxes with fixed mass flow rate of 1.05×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> kg/s. Two borescopes in combination with high intensity Xenon light sources are used to illuminate the inside of the boiling chamber, and a high speed camera is used to capture the high speed images of the boiling process. Based on the visualization results, it is observed that the nucleate boiling process begins in the region surrounding the stagnation point and then moves inward towards the stagnation region as the heat flux is increased. Interesting observations are made related to the variation in the pressure drop of the cooler. Specifically, the pressure drop remains constant at 1.18 kPa during the early stages and then peaks to a value of 1.23 kPa at 26 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The peak in the pressure drop is attributed to the accumulation of a large number of bubbles near the jet orifice producing flow resistance to the incoming liquid jet.
ICA algorithms for 3 sources and 2 sensors (2003)

In this paper we develop efficient algorithms to identify the mixing matrix in the context of an independent component analysis with 3 sources and 2 sensors. Our contribution is two-fold. First, by applying twice a theorem by Sylvester, it is shown that the mixture can be obtained analytically by solving a linear system involving cumulants of both orders 3 and 4. Secondly, the latter theorem is extended to the case of "polynomials" of complex variables in which each monomial counts the same number of complex conjugated unknowns; this leads to an algorithm allowing us to identify the mixture by solving a linear system involving only 4th-order cumulants.
Deformation of Nematic Liquid Crystals in an Electric Field (1972)

Abstract The problem of a nematic liquid crystal in an electric field is solved. Effects due to conductivity of the liquid have been neglected. Numerical solutions are given for various values of parameters. The solution is compared with experimental data taken from the literature. A computer program has been developed to do a non-linear least-squares fit of experimental data with the solution given in the present paper.
The porphyrin pigmentation of subspecies of <i>Bacteroides melaninogenicus</i> (1979)

Various subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus differ in their pigmentation. Subsp. asaccharolyticus produces protohaem almost exclusively, subsp. intermedicus both protohaem and a smaller proportion of protoporphyrin, and subsp. melaninogenicus mainly protoporphyrin with a trace of protohaem. As a consequence young colonies can be differentiated by their red fluorescence in u.v. light (365nm): subsp. asaccharolyticus does not fluoresce, subsp. intermedicus shows a limited fluorescence, and subsp. melaninogenicus shows a bright fluorescence. The pigments were isolated as the dimethyl esters of protohaemin and of protoporphyrin and identified by electronic spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and comparisons by t.l.c. Incorporation of delta-aminolaevulinate into these pigments was not detected, nor was porphobilinogen formation observed. Subsp. melaninogenicus grown in the presence of [14C]protohaemin formed [14C]protoporphyrin. This appears to represent a novel biological demetallation.
Real-Time Volumetric Imaging of Human Heart Without Electrocardiographic Gating by 256-Detector Row Computed Tomography (2005)

Using the 256CBCT, it was possible to visualize the coronary arteries, myocardial perfusion, and ventricular contraction simultaneously during a single acquisition.
Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in the intestinal tissue injury in an experimental model of sepsis (2003)

Intestinal heme oxygenase-1 and ALAS-N gene expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in a rat model of sepsis. Our findings also suggest that heme oxygenase-1 induction may play a fundamental role in protecting mucosal epithelial cells of the intestine from oxidative damages that occur in sepsis.
Looking Beyond the Surface: A Challenge Set for Reading Comprehension over Multiple Sentences (2018)

Daniel Khashabi, Snigdha Chaturvedi, Michael Roth, Shyam Upadhyay, Dan Roth. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Acyclic Derivatives of d-Lyxose (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyclic Derivatives of d-LyxoseM. L. Wolfrom and F. B. MoodyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3465–3466Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01869a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increasing Drug Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa (2011)

We expanded second-line tuberculosis (TB) drug susceptibility testing for extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from South Africa. Of 19 patients with extensively drug-resistant TB identified during February 2008-April 2009, 13 (68%) had isolates resistant to all 8 drugs tested. This resistance leaves no effective treatment with available drugs in South Africa.
Proton accumulation and ATPase activity in Golgi apparatus-enriched vesicles from rat liver (1991)

We have studied the mechanism by which liver Golgi apparatus maintains the acidity of its contents, using a subcellular fraction from rat liver highly enriched in Golgi marker enzymes. Proton accumulation (measured by quenching of acridine-orange fluorescence) and anion-dependent ATPase were characterized and compared. Maximal ATPase and proton accumulation required ATP; GTP and other nucleotides gave 10% to 30% of maximal activity. Among anions, Cl- and Br- approximately doubled the activities; others were much less effective. Half-maximal increase of ATPase and H+ uptake required 55 mmol/L and 27 mmol/L Cl-, respectively. In predominantly chloride media, SCN- and NO3- markedly inhibited H+ uptake. Nitrate competitively inhibited both the chloride-dependent ATPase (apparent Ki 6 mmol/L) and proton uptake (apparent Ki 2 mmol/L). Nitrate and SCN- also inhibited uptake of 36Cl. Replacing K+ with Na+ had no effect on the initial rate of proton uptake but somewhat reduced the steady state attained. Replacement of K+ with NH4+ and choline reduced proton uptake without affecting ATPase. The ATPase and H+ uptake were supported equally well by Mg2+ or Mn2+. The ATPase was competitively inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (apparent Ki 39 mumol/L). Other agents inhibiting both H+ uptake and ATPase were N-ethylmaleimide, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, chlorpromazine, diethylstilbestrol, Zn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+. In the Cl- medium, accumulated protons were released by ionophores at the relative rates, monensin = nigericin greater than valinomycin greater than carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone; the last of these also reduced ATPase activity. In the absence of Cl-, monensin and valinomycin both stimulated the ATPase. These results show a close association between ATPase activity and acidification of liver Golgi vesicles. They support a role for Cl- that depends on its uptake as a counter ion for H+ and suggest that it may also stimulate proton transport by a more direct effect on a component of the transport system.
Liquid-Solid Systems (1974)

When considering the transition from liquid to solid for binary systems the effects of pressure can generally be ignored. It has already been stated that while changes in pressure do affect the melting point of a substance the effect is of a very small order. Consequently, the t—c type of diagram is the only type of phase diagram normally considered for liquid—solid systems. Because the effect of pressure is negligible we may consider the system as a condensed system and use a reduced version of the Phase Rule. The reduced Phase Rule may be written P + F = C + 1
Differential Pad Placement Design of a Capacitive Coupling-Based Stacked Die Package (2017)

Stacked die package using capacitive-based chip-to-chip signaling offers low energy-per-bit costs and high I/O density. Many previously published works on capacitive proximity I/O have focused on mechanical methods for accurate chip alignment. This paper explores design considerations to address stacked die structures with differential signaling chip-to-chip communication based on capacitive coupling. The signal and noise properties of capacitively coupled channels are studied using a 3-D electromagnetic field solver to extract mixed-mode scattering parameters of the differential signal pads. We present side differential and corner differential arrangements and compare their ability to reject noise. We then formulate a functional data analysis approach for assessing the signal transmission quality. Our results indicate that the differential transmitter and receiver pads arrangement and placement can significantly affect the interaction between a channel and its nearest neighbors. The preferred choice for I/O pad placement design depends on the placement arrangements and the overlap ratio of the differential I/O pads.
Age- and sex-associated changes in cerebral glucose metabolism in normal healthy subjects: statistical parametric mapping analysis of f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography (2009)

Using SPM, we found not only similar areas of brain, but also sex-specific cerebral areas of age-associated changes of FDG uptake.