gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Middleware for Anytime, Anywhere Social Networks (2007)

Anytime, anywhere social computing requires several support mechanisms and tools, including location and proximity systems, expressive representation models of physical place and user characteristics, and effective social-matching algorithms. Anytime, anywhere social-network computing also requires shared and interoperable vocabularies for modeling location and entity characteristics. Current solutions tend to address only a subset of these issues. We believe that the success of anytime, anywhere social computing depends on middleware solutions that separate social-network management concerns from application requirements. Our middleware solution, the socially aware and mobile architecture (SAMOA), integrates a set of common management facilities for personalizing location-dependent social networks, and for propagating social networks' visibility up to the application level.
Sustainable Production of Acrylic Acid: Catalytic Performance of Hydroxyapatites for Gas-Phase Dehydration of Lactic Acid (2014)

Hydroxyapatites (HAPm-T) of varying molar Ca/P ratios m (1.58–1.69) and calcination temperatures T (360–700 °C) were prepared and comprehensively characterized by nitrogen adsorption, TG, XPS, XRD, CO2-TPD, and NH3-TPD and were employed to catalyze the gas-phase dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to produce acrylic acid (AA). While the texture and crystallinity of the HAPm-T sample were affected little by variation of m, its surface acidity decreased but basicity increased with the increase in m. The HAPm-T sample with a higher T showed a higher crystallinity but lower surface area, acidity, and basicity. The conversion of LA decreased with increasing either m or T of the HAPm-T catalyst; the selectivity for AA maximized at m = 1.62 but decreased steadily with the T increase. The HAP1.62-360 sample (m = 1.62, T = 360 °C) was identified as the most efficient catalyst, offering an AA yield as high as 50–62% for longer than 8 h (AA selectivity: 71–74 mol %) under optimized reaction conditions (360 °C, WHSVLA= 1.4–2.1 h–1). Correlating the catalyst performance with its surface acidity and basicity disclosed that the LA consumption rate increased linearly with the acidity/basicity ratio, but volcano-type dependence appeared between the AA production rate and the acidity/basicity ratio, which reveals a kind of cooperative acid–base catalysis for selective AA production. The HAPm-T catalysts became more or less deactivated after reaction, but the reacted ones could be fully regenerated by in situ treatment with flowing air.
Model and experiments on soil remediation by electric fields∗ (1994)

Abstract The dominant transport process for removing charged species from soils by electric fields is electromigration. In the case of heavy metals, the polarity and magnitude of the charge depends on the pH. Positive ions are generally stable at low pH and negatively charged complexes dominate at high pH. The transport is further complicated by the strong dependence of solubility on pH, with many heavy metals being virtually insoluble in moderately alkaline conditions. It was found experimentally that under certain conditions, strong pH gradienis can develop in the soil trapping the metals by a process of isoelectric focusing, A numerical model of the transport and electrochemical processes was extended for the first time to incorporate complexation and precipitation reactions and was found to closely reproduce the experimental findings. The model demonstrates the role played by background ions and electroneutrality in governing the distribution of species, and how the concomitant variations in the electric field result in the virtual cessation of the transport process. The model confirmed that the focusing effect can be eliminated and high metal removal efficiencies achieved simply by washing the cathode. Notes Presented at the American Chemical Society Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, in Atlanta, Georgia, September 27, 1993. To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The Molecular Structure of the Isopoly Complex Ion, Decavanadate (V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>28</sub><sup>6-</sup>) (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Molecular Structure of the Isopoly Complex Ion, Decavanadate (V10O286-)Howard T. Evans Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 6, 967–977Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50040a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50040a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1040Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolution of the Giant Pulse in a Laser (1963)

The differential equations governing inversion and photon density in a laser are solved for giant pulse operation. The simplifying assumptions which permit solution involve homogeneous excitation of the laser and the neglecting of changes produced by pumping and fluorescence during the formation of the giant pulse. Energy, peak output power, pulse delay, and pulse width are calculated.
Synthesis and tautomerism of 2‐aryl‐ and 2‐heteroaryl derivatives of benzimidazole (1996)

Abstract Benzimidazoles containing furyl and thienyl substituents at C‐2 were prepared by condensation of o ‐phenylenediamine and corresponding carboxylic acids in the presence of polyphosphoric acid. The 2‐heteroarylbenzimidazoles showed tautomerism in dimethyl sulfoxide solution while 2‐phenylbenzimidazole did not. The tautomerism appeared to be taking place by intermolecular relay of protons between stacked molecules.
Protease‐Sensitive PEG Hydrogels Regulate Vascularization In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Forming functional blood vessel networks in engineered or ischemic tissues is a significant scientific and clinical hurdle. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels are adapted to investigate the role of mechanical properties and proteolytic susceptibility on vascularization. Four arm PEG vinyl sulfone is polymerized by Michael-type addition with cysteine groups on a slowly degraded matrix metalloprotease (MMP) susceptible peptide, GPQG↓IWGQ, or a more rapidly cleaved peptide, VPMS↓MRGG. Co-encapsulation of endothelial cells and supportive fibroblasts within the gels lead to vascular morphogenesis in vitro that is robust to changes in crosslinking peptide identity, but is significantly attenuated by increased crosslinking and MMP inhibition. Perfused vasculature forms from transplanted cells in vivo in all gel types; however, in contrast to the in vitro results, vascularization in vivo is not decreased in the more crosslinked gels. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of this platform to support vascularization both in vitro and in vivo.
Open standards and cloud computing (2009)

At KDD-2009 in Paris, a panel on open standards and cloud computing addressed emerging trends for data mining applications in science and industry. This report summarizes the answers from a distinguished group of thought leaders representing key software vendors in the data mining industry.
Transient kinetic studies on the allosteric transition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. (1977)

Stopped flow spectrophotometry was used to investigate the kinetics of the transition of the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-phosphoglycerate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.95) reaction from the active to the inhibited rate upon the addition of the physiological inhibitor serine. The transition was characterized by a single first order rate constant (kobs,i) which was independent of enzyme concentration. At pH 8.5, kobs,i increased in a hyperbolic manner with serine concentration from 2 to 8 s-1. The increase in kobs,i occurred at serine concentrations where the steady state inhibition was virtually complete. These results indicate that serine inhibition is an allosteric process involving a conformational change in the enzyme. A model is presented in which serine at low concentrations binds exclusively to the inhibited state of the enzyme and shifts the equilibrium toward that state; at high serine concentrations, serine binds to the active state, facilitating its conversion to the inhibited state. An alternative model, which we favor, proposes two classes of inhibitor binding sites. The kinetics of the fluorescence quenching of enzyme-bound NADH by serine (Sugimoto, E., and Pizer, L.I. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 2090-2098), measured by stopped flow fluorimetry, was also characterized by a single first order rate constant (kobs,f.q.) which was independent of enzyme concentration. At pH 8.5, kobs,f.q. ranged from 0.4 s-1 at low serine concentrations to 1.1 s-1 at high serine concentrations. These results indicate that the fluorescence quenching induced by serine is a manifestation of a structural change in the enzyme. Enzyme and excess NADH were mixed with substrate and serine in the stopped flow instrument, and enzyme-bound NADH fluorescence was monitored by exciting through the protein at 285 nm. A rapid fluorescence quenching process, which occurred within the mixing time, was followed by a slower fluorescence enhancement process which terminated in a steady state level corresponding to the quenched fluorescence of the enzyme NADH serine complex. The rapid quenching was the result of substrate binding (Dubrow, R., and Pizer, L.I. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1539-1551). The fluorescence enhancement was characterized by a single first order rate constant whose value for a given serine concentration corresponded with Kobs,j. This data shows that the quenched state of the enzyme-NADH-complex is the state which is directly responsible for the inhibition of enzyme activity. During catalysis the quenched state is achieved from a different initial conformation, and consequently at a different rate, than in the absence of substrate. kobs,j and kobs,f.q. were also measured using glycine, another inhibitor. The ultraviolet difference spectrum between enzyme and enzyme plus serine was determined and proposed to be the result of the same structural change which is responsible for the fluorescence quenching by serine.
Synthesen von Alkyliden‐Steroiden durch Wittig‐Reaktion (1965)

Abstract Die Synthese von 3‐, 6‐ und 17‐Alkyliden‐Steroiden durch Wittig‐Reaktion wird beschrieben und der sterische Verlauf der Reaktion an Hand der Ergebnisse diskutiert.
o-Iodosobenzoic Acid, a Reagent for the Estimation of Cysteine, Glutathione, and the Substituent Sulfhydryl Groups of Certain Proteins<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTo-Iodosobenzoic Acid, a Reagent for the Estimation of Cysteine, Glutathione, and the Substituent Sulfhydryl Groups of Certain Proteins1Leslie Hellerman, Francis P. Chinard, and Pauline A. RamsdellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 10, 2551–2553Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01855a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01855a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modular sensor architecture for unobtrusive routine clinical diagnosis (2004)

Clinical diagnosis of pathological conditions is accomplished regularly via the recording and subsequent analysis of a physiological variable from a subject. Problems with current common practice centre around the obtrusive and rigid nature of this process. These include the length, timing and location of the diagnostic recording session, transfer of data to clinical staff, liaison between clinical staff and subjects and the integration of such diagnostic check-ups into the overall health care process. We have designed a modular diagnostic monitor that is centered around a wearable computer system which, when integrated into a suitable computer network and database architecture, is capable of addressing the above problems. The system is modular, allowing researchers and practitioners to utilise various sensor modules, reconfigure the unit in terms of its on-board storage and wireless telemetry capabilities, select the appropriate level of data preprocessing (before archiving data) and choose the appropriate level and nature of feedback to the subject. The system is GRID enabled, supporting e-clinical-trials. GRID clients can display live data, historical data, or perform data mining.
Monitoring Ground Water for Pesticides (1986)

At least 17 pesticides have been found in ground water in a total of 23 states as a result of agricultural practice. These results have been obtained through three different types of monitoring studies: (1) large-scale retrospective, (2) small-scale retrospective, and (3) small-scale prospective. The first two types of studies survey areas where the pesticide(s) in question has already been used. The third type of study is an intensive field study where the pesticide is applied and monitoring begins at time zero. Often, soil core data are at least as important as ground-water data. The ability to draw meaningful conclusions from large-scale studies is greatly diminished unless the studies have a statistical, stratified design. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to describe the three study types; suggest guidelines for ground-water sampling, soil sampling and well construction; and update the data summary of pesticides in ground water from agricultural practice.
Electrolytic Reduction of Benzoic, Phenylacetic, and Cinnamic Acids and Esters at a Platinized-Platinum Cathode (1954)

A study has been made of the electrolytic reduction of certain aromatic carboxylic acids and esters at a platinized‐platinum cathode (Pt‐pt) in alcoholic sulfuric acid solution. It was found that the reduction at a Pt‐pt cathode was quite different from that pursued at a lead or a mercury cathode. At a Pt‐pt cathode, the reduction of benzoic, phenylacetic, and cinnamic acids and esters gave rise to cyclohexyl compounds. In no case was the carboxyl group reduced.
Home grown - Miles Evergood: The rediscovery of an Australian artist (2013)

The Australian artist Miles Evergood (1871-1939) spent the formative years of his career in America and Europe, only returning to Australia in 1931. His work as a vibrant colourist was well received by his fellow countrymen.
Minimally Important Differences of the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument (2011)

We provide MID estimates for the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 scales. This information can aid in interpreting scale scores in future randomized controlled trials and observational studies.
A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF DUODENAL JUICE (1947)

The coupling of diazotized aryl amines with proteins in alkaline solution yield chromophoric protein derivatives.Digestion of a solution of such azoproteins with proteolytic enzymes results in the formation of colored components soluble in trichloroacetic acid.The intensity of the color in the trichloroacetic acid filtrate of the digested substrate is a function of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme solution and serves as the basis for the method here described.EXPERIMENTAL Preparation of Sulfanilamide-Axocasein--Solution A, 50 gm. of reprecipitated, fat-free casein are dissolved with stirring in 1 liter of water containing 10 gm. of NaHC03.Solution B, 5.0 gm. of sulfanilamide are dissolved in 200 ml. of Hz0 containing 6.0 ml. of 5.0 N NaOH.2.20 gm. of NaNOz are added.To the stirred solution 18.0 ml. of 5 N HCl are added and stirring is continued for 2 minutes.18.0 ml. of 5 N NaOH are then added; the solution is stirred and added at once, with stirring, to Solution A.The azoprotein is precipitated by acidification to pH 4.5, washed with water and alcohol, and air-dried.The azocasein is a red-orange compound with an absorption maximum at 440 mp (Fig. 1).Substrate Solution-A stock solution of the substrate containing 25 mg. of azocasein and 5 mg. of sodium bicarbonate per ml. is prepared by dissolving 2.50 gm. of azoprotein in 50 ml. of 1.0 per cent NaHC03 at 60" with stirring.The pH is adjusted to 8.3 and the solution diluted to 100 ml. with distilled HzO.The stock solution is stored at 0".Duodenal Juice-The specimens are centrifuged at about 1500 R.P.M. for lominutes and the sample taken from the relatively homogeneous middle layer. 1 ml. of sample is diluted to 100 ml. with bicarbonate buffer (5 mg. per ml.), pH 8.3. ProcedureEach determination is set up in duplicate.The flask containing the substrate solution and a rack with the proper number of tubes are placed in a 501
Alternative mRNA Splicing and Differential Promoter Utilization Determine Tissue-specific Expression of the Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing Protein (Apobec1) Gene in Mice. (1995)

Apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing consists of a C-->U conversion involving the first base of the codon CAA, encoding Gln 2153, to UAA, a stop codon. Editing occurs in the intestine only in most mammals, and in both the liver and intestine in a few mammalian species including mouse. We have cloned the cDNA for the mouse apoB mRNA editing protein, apobec1. Expression of mouse apobec1 cDNA in HepG2 cells results in the editing of the intracellular apoB mRNA. The cDNA predicts a 229-amino acid protein showing 92, 66, and 70% identity to the rat, rabbit, and human proteins, respectively. Based on the estimated values of divergence of apobec1 sequences in terms of the numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous suhstitutions per site, we found that apobec1 is a fairly rapidly evolving protein. Sequence comparison among mammalian apobec1 sequences has permitted the identification of seven conserved regions that may be functionally important for editing activity. We present a phylogenetic tree relating apobec1 sequences to double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase and other nucleotide/nucleoside deaminases. Northern blot analysis indicates that apobec1 mRNA exists in two different sizes, a approximately 2.2-kilobase (kb) form in small intestine and a approximately 2.4-kb form in liver, spleen, kidney, lung, muscle, and heart. To study the molecular basis for the different sized apobec1 mRNAs, we cloned the apobec1 gene and characterized its exon-intron organization together with the sequences expressed in the hepatic and intestinal mRNA. The mouse apobec1 gene contains 8 exons and spans approximately 25 kb, and is located in chromosome 6. The major hepatic mRNA contains all 8 exons, whereas the major small intestinal mRNA misses the first 3 exons and its transcription is initiated in exon 4. The intestinal mRNA also contains at its 5' end a unique 102-nucleotide piece that is absent in the liver mRNA. We also identified two alternatively spliced hepatic apobec1 mRNAs with different acceptor sites in exon 4. Transient expression studies using promoter-reporter gene constructs in HeLa, Hepa, and Caco-2 cells indicate that the 5'-flanking sequences of the liver mRNA (i.e. upstream of exon 1) have predominantly hepatic promoter activity and the 5'-flanking sequences of the major small intestine mRNA (i.e. upstream of exon 4) have preferential intestinal promoter activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Clinical trials of intracellular signal transductions inhibitors for breast cancer — a strategy to overcome endocrine resistance (2005)

Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer is associated with an increase in peptide growth factor signaling that results in cross-talk activation of the estrogen receptor (ER). Small molecule signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) can target components of these intracellular pathways, and may prove effective in anticancer therapy. However, early phase II clinical trials with various STIs as monotherapy in advanced breast cancer have shown only a modest level of efficacy for these intracellular inhibitors. Preclinical data suggest that combinations of tamoxifen with STIs may provide significantly greater growth inhibition than either therapy alone, and, furthermore, may delay the emergence of endocrine resistance. There are now several trials assessing the efficacy of combinations of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and lapatinib, with either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors both in the second-line, endocrine-resistant and first-line, hormone-sensitive setting. Similar trials continue with both farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) and mTOR antagonists, where there are strong preclinical data to suggest additive or synergistic effects for either of these agents in combination with endocrine therapies. Biomarker studies in the presurgical setting are also being utilized as an alternative approach to investigate whether combined endocrine/STI therapy is an effective clinical strategy. This article reviews some of the preclinical evidence supporting this strategy, together with the current status of clinical trials in this area.
Stimulatory effect of 660 nm low level laser energy on hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts: possible mechanisms for increase in cell counts (1998)

The post-660 nm-irradiated HSFs exhibited very significantly higher cell counts than controls P < 0.01 on days 1-4 (Mann-Whitney U-test), and P < 0.01 on days 1-3 for similarly irradiated NDFs.
Corrosion Testing of Weldments (1974)

Weldments sometimes corrode preferentially in the weld metal itself or in the heat affected areas of the parent metal. The localized nature of the attack limits the usefulness of standard weight loss corrosion tests. Techniques for overcoming this limitation are discussed. The influence of specimen geometry and surface finish are dealt with as well as a variety of destructive and nondestructive methods for evaluating a corroded weldment. The advantages and limitations of the various ASTM intergranular tests for austenitic stainless, ferritic stainless, and nickel base alloys are reviewed. Guidelines for evaluating weldment corrosion are given, although it is recognized that there is no single best procedure for all situations. The use of sensitization treatments to simulate welding is discussed.