gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on Antisolvent Crystallization and Transformation Behaviors of Thiazole-Derivative Polymorphs (2006)

Crystallization of the thiazole-derivative (BPT) was performed by adding water, which is an antisolvent for the solute, to methanol solutions of BPT. BPT has three polymorphs (A, B, C) and two solvates (BH(hydrate) and D(methanolate)). The effect of temperature on the polymorphic crystallization and transformation behavior was investigated in relation to the effect of the addition rate of water and the initial concentration. In the crystallization at temperatures between 333 and 313 K, the stable C form did not crystallize. At 333 K, the metastable A and BH forms crystallized competitively. At low initial concentration and slow addition rate, the A form crystallized preferentially, though at a high initial concentration and high addition rate BH tended to crystallize. It was presumed that the nucleation process of the unsolvated A form is not controlled by the dissociation equilibrium of the BH and D forms but is controlled by the kinetic process. This nucleation behavior of polymorphs at 333 K is very different from that at 323 K, which was reported previously, i.e., at low initial concentration BH crystallized, and at higher concentration the D form crystallized with BH. Furthermore, after crystallization at 333 K transformation from the BH form to the A form was observed, and it was found that the transformation rate decreases with the addition rate and the initial concentration. Such tendency is similar to that observed at 323 K. Conversely, at 313 K, the D form tended to crystallize preferentially. At low concentration the BH form also appeared with the D form, and it transformed to the D form. With a decrease of the temperature to 313 K, the D form becomes much more stable than the A and BH forms. This may accelerate preferential crystallization of the D form at 313 K.
Evaluation of the responses of a semiconductor gas sensor to gaseous mixtures under the application of temperature modulation (2002)

A novel gas-sensing system based on a dynamic nonlinear response is reported to evaluate the effect of gaseous mixtures on the sensor response. A sinusoidal temperature perturbation was applied to a semiconductor gas sensor and the resulting conductance of the sensor was analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The sensor response, which changed characteristically depending on the composition of the gaseous mixture, could be classified into three types (enhanced, suppressed, and preferential responses) by the mixture. To monitor the progress of the reaction of gases, the sample gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. The coexistent effect on the response to gaseous mixtures was theoretically simulated by considering the kinetics of gas molecules on the semiconductor surface.
Brain Tumor Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

The brain tumors, are the most common and aggressive disease, leading to a very short life expectancy in their highest grade. Thus, treatment planning is a key stage to improve the quality of life of patients. Generally, various image techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound image are used to evaluate the tumor in a brain, lung, liver, breast, prostate…etc. Especially, in this work MRI images are used to diagnose tumor in the brain. However the huge amount of data generated by MRI scan thwarts manual classification of tumor vs non-tumor in a particular time. But it having some limitation (i.e) accurate quantitative measurements is provided for limited number of images. Hence trusted and automatic classification scheme are essential to prevent the death rate of human. The automatic brain tumor classification is very challenging task in large spatial and structural variability of surrounding region of brain tumor. In this work, automatic brain tumor detection is proposed by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) classification. The deeper architecture design is performed by using small kernels. The weight of the neuron is given as small. Experimental results show that the CNN archives rate of 97.5% accuracy with low complexity and compared with the all other state of arts methods.
In Vitro Activities of a New Des-Fluoroquinolone, BMS 284756, and Seven Other Antimicrobial Agents against 151 Isolates of <i>Eikenella corrodens</i> (2002)

The des-fluoroquinolone BMS 284756 was active in vitro against all 151 clinical strains of Eikenella corrodens at a MIC of < or = 0.25 microg/ml and was comparable in activity to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. The MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited by penicillin G was 2 microg/ml; MICs for 8.6% of the strains (13 of 151) were > or = 4 microg/ml, including for two beta-lactamase-producing isolates. Amoxicillin-clavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam inhibited all strains at a MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml.
PET STUDIES WITH l-[11C]5-HTP AND l-[11C]DOPA IN BRAINS OF HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AND PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION (1992)

ÅGREN, H.*; REIBRING, L.*; HARTVIG, P.**; TEDROFF, J.***; BJURLING, P.***; LUNDQVIST, H.***; LÅNGSTRÖM, B.*** Author Information
Quantum Cryptography (2000)

Human desire to communicate secretly is at least as old as writing itself and goes back to the beginnings of our civilisation. Methods of secret communication were developed by many ancient societies, including those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, but details regarding the origins of cryptologyl remain unknown [29].
Dissolution kinetics of primary silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si melt (2001)

The dissolution process of primary silicon particles in Al-18%wt silicon alloy was studied both bya melt overheating experiment and by theoretical analysis. A dissolution model of primary silicon in the melt was established based on atomic diffusion and taking account to interface reaction and curvature of particles. The results show that the theoretical curve agrees with the experimental curve at an overheating temperature of 1100ºC. However, there was some deviation at 700ºCdue to retained silicon clusters in the melt at lower temperature. Therefore, the model is in accord with experiment whennot considering the influence of retained silicon clusters.
Conformationally Constrained Analogues of Diacylglycerol. 12. Ultrapotent Protein Kinase C Ligands Based on a Chiral 4,4-Disubstituted Heptono-1,4-lactone Template (1996)

Conformationally constrained analogues of diacylglycerol (DAG) built on a 5(-)[(acyloxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone template (1, Chart 1) were shown previously to bind tightly to protein kinase C alpha (PK-C alpha) in a stereospecific manner. These compounds, however, racemized readily through rapid acyl migration and lost biological potency. In order to circumvent this problem, the "reversed ester" analogues were designed as a new set of PK-C ligands. This reversal of the ester function produced some new DAG mimetics that are embedded in a C-4 doubly-branched heptono-1,4-lactone template. The reversed ester analogues were impervious to racemization, and their chemically distinct branches facilitated the enantiospecific syntheses of all targets. Compound 2, the simplest reversed ester analogue of 1 (Chart 1), exhibited a 3.5-fold reduction in binding affinity toward PK-C alpha which we attributed to the loss of a stabilizing gauche interaction that caused the ester branch in 2 to be more disordered than in the normal ester 1. However, conversion of the propanoyl branch of 2 into a propenoyl branch restored binding affinity (3 versus 5). As expected, the compounds bound to the enzyme with strict enantioselectivity (3 and 5 versus 4 and 6). Functionalization of the propenoyl-branched compounds as alpha-alkylidene lactones, in a manner which proved successful with the 5(-)[(acyloxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone template (9 and 10), produced stable compounds with equivalent ultrapotent binding affinities for PK-C alpha (7 and 8). The additional incorporation of the propenoyl-branched carbonyl into a gamma-lactone ring was performed (11-14) not only to derive a possible additional entropic advantage but also to confirm the spatial disposition of this carbonyl function in the ligand-enzyme complex. Although no additional entropic advantage was derived, the high binding affinities displayed by compounds 11 and 12 helped to establish the correct orientation of the equivalent carbonyl group in PK-C-bound DAG. As expected, these DAG analogues activated PK-C alpha. The most potent agonist, compound 8, stimulated phosphorylation of the alpha-pseudosubstrate peptide, and in primary mouse keratinocytes it caused inhibition of binding of epidermal growth factor with an ED50 of approximately 1 microM. In contrast to the phorbol esters, compound 8 did not induce acute edema or hyperplasia in skin of CD-1 mice, and its pattern of downregulation with several PK-C isozymes was different from that of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).
Directed metalation of tertiary benzamides. Ortho N-aryl amination and synthesis of acridones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirected metalation of tertiary benzamides. Ortho N-aryl amination and synthesis of acridonesM. Iwao, J. N. Reed, and V. SnieckusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5531–5533Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of laser-induced discrete texture parameters on optimization of head-disk-interface tribology (1996)

Laser-induced discrete bump texture results in a simplified HDI model represented by five critical parameters: the bump height H/sub b/, bump curvature radius R/sub b/, bump spacing L/sub b/, the slider crown height H/sub w/, and the lube thickness H/sub l/. The HDI tribology performance relies upon how to select these parameters in bump texture design as well as how to measure and control them. In this paper, analysis on fundamental bump-design issues is presented. It is found that proper discrete texture design should assure bumps are in elastic-contact regime but close to the elastic-contact limit for minimum wear failure and stiction. Minimum deformation and shear stress at bump contacts are also desired for wear durability. Longitudinal bump pattern provides best glide performance among patterns with same H/sub b/. Stiction is low within the toe-dipping lube regime where /spl lambda/=H/sub l//H/sub b/ is below a critical value, otherwise stiction depends on all five parameters. Results from laser-texture experiments are also discussed for understanding of the discrete bump texture design.
Detecting affective covert user states with passive brain-computer interfaces (2009)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide insight into ongoing cognitive and affective processes and are commonly used for direct control of human-machine systems (Vidal, 1973). Recently, a different type of BCI has emerged (Cutrell and Tan, 2008; and Zander et al., 2008), which instead focuses solely on the non-intrusive recognition of mental state elicited by a given primary human-machine interaction. These so-called passive BCIs (pBCIs) do, by their nature, not disturb the primary interaction, and thus allow for enhancement of human-machine systems with relatively low usage cost (Roetting et al., 2009; and Zander et al., 2008), especially in conjunction with gel-free sensors. Here, we apply pBCIs to detect cognitive processes containing covert user states, which are difficult to access with conventional exogenous measures. We present two variants of a task inspired by an erroneously adapting human-machine system, a scenario important in automated adaptation. In this context, we derive two related, yet complementary, applications of pBCIs. First, we show that pBCIs are capable of detecting a covert user state related to the perception of loss of control over a system. The detection is realized by exploiting non-stationarities induced by the loss of control. Second, we show that pBCIs can be used to detect a covert user state directly correlated to the user's interpretation of erroneous actions of the machine. We then demonstrate the use of this information to enhance the interaction between the user and the machine, in an experiment outside the laboratory.
Thermodynamics of carbonic anhydrase catalysis. A comparison between human isoenzymes B and C. (1981)

The CO2 hydration and HCO3- dehydration activities of human red cell carbonic anhydrase isozymes B and C (HCAB and HCAC) have been studied as a function of temperature from 0 degrees to 37 degrees C. The Arrhenius plots of ln kcat versus 1/T are linear for both isozymes in both hydration and dehydration reactions, indicating that the rate-determining steps remain unchanged over this temperature range. The 37 degrees C hydration kcat, at pH 7.5, is 13 X 10(5) s-1 for isozyme C and 0.71 X 10(5) s-1 for isozyme B. Km, for hydration, is 10 mM for C and 5 mM for B, and invariant with temperature. The uncatalyzed reactions are significantly affected by temperature, 30- to 40-fold rate enhancements being observed from 0 degrees to 37 degrees C. The enzyme-catalyzed processes are much less sensitive to temperature, the rate enhancements being 2- to 3-fold for HCAB and 5- to 6-fold for HCAC in this temperature range. These observations are consistent with a significant lowering of the free energy of activation by both isozymes. This effect is greater for C accounting for its higher catalytic power. The enthalpy of activation, at pH 7.5 and 8.2, in the rate-limiting step is considerably less for the B enzyme compared to C. This is, however, more than offset by a large negative entropy of activation in the case of HCAB. This observation indicates either a mechanistic difference in the rate-limiting events or a difference in the structural organizations of the active sites of the two isozymes, or both.
Primary Structure and Developmental Expression of Fbn-1, the Mouse Fibrillin Gene (1995)

Previous studies have reported > 10 kilobases of human fibrillin-1 cDNA sequence, but a consensus regarding the 5' end of the transcript remains to be worked out. One approach to developing a clear consensus would be to search for regions of evolutionary conservation in transcripts from a related species such as mouse. As reported here, the mouse fibrillin-1 transcript encodes a highly conserved polypeptide of 2,871 amino acids. The upstream sequence that flanks the ATG is considerably less well conserved, however. Indeed, the ATG codon (which occurs in the context of a Kozak consensus sequence and is located just upstream of a consensus signal peptide) signals the point where human and mouse fibrillin-1 sequences cease to be nearly identical. Together, these results are consistent with previous efforts by Pereira et al. (Pereira, L., D'Alessio, M., Ramirez, F., Lynch, J. R., Sykes, B., Pangilinan, T., and Bonadio, J. (1993) Human Mol. Genet. 2, 961-968) to identify the human fibrillin-1 translational start site. Sequences immediately upstream of the ATG are GC-rich and devoid of TATA and CCAAT boxes, which suggests that the mouse fibrillin-1 gene will be broadly expressed. A survey of expression in mouse embryo tissues is consistent with this hypothesis and suggests two novel functions for fibrillin-associated microfibrils in non-elastic connective tissues.
Site-specific bromination of aromatic compounds: a rapid method for radiobromine labelling (1982)

M. J. Adam, T. J. Ruth, B. D. Pate and L. D. Hall, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 625 DOI: 10.1039/C39820000625
Photovoltaic Effect Induced by Two-Photon Excitation in <i>p-n</i> Junction Devices (1970)

The open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, and the efficiency of a p-n junction photovoltaic cell excited by the two-photon process is derived theoretically. Boundary conditions concerning the intensity of the light just inside the surface of the cell are discussed. As an application of the theory an order-of-magnitude calculation is carried out for a GaAs p-n junction device.
Interleukin (Il)-4 Is a Major Regulatory Cytokine Governing Bioactive IL-12 Production by Mouse and Human Dendritic Cells (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-12 may be secreted as a bioactive T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-inducing heterodimer, as a monomer, or as an antagonistic homodimer. We analyzed the IL-12 produced by mouse splenic dendritic cells (DCs), human thymic DCs, and cultured human monocyte-derived DCs. IL-12 production required both a microbial or T cell-derived stimulus and an appropriate cytokine milieu. The different IL-12 forms were differentially regulated by the cytokines present rather than the stimulus used. IL-4 alone or together with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interferon gamma effectively enhanced the production of the bioactive heterodimer and selectively reduced the antagonistic homodimer of IL-12. Therefore, IL-4, the major Th2-driving cytokine, provides a negative feedback causing DCs to produce the major Th1-inducing cytokine, bioactive IL-12.
Filling the dead‐time gap in zero echo time MRI: Principles compared (2017)

For small k-space gaps (<4 dwells) and T2* much larger than the dead time, all techniques enable artifact-free short- T2* MRI. However, if these requirements are not fulfilled careful consideration is needed and PETRA will generally achieve better image quality. Magn Reson Med 79:2036-2045, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Thin-film ‘Thermal Well’ Emitters and Absorbers for High-Efficiency Thermophotovoltaics (2015)

A new approach is introduced to significantly improve the performance of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems using low-dimensional thermal emitters and photovoltaic (PV) cells. By reducing the thickness of both the emitter and the PV cell, strong spectral selectivity in thermal emission and absorption can be achieved by confining photons in trapped waveguide modes inside the thin-films that act as thermal analogs to quantum wells. Simultaneously, photo-excited carriers travel shorter distances across the thin-films reducing bulk recombination losses resulting in a lower saturation current in the PV cell. We predict a TPV efficiency enhancement with near-field coupling between the thermal emitter and the PV cell up to 38.7% using a thin-film germanium (Ge) emitter at 1000 K and an ultra-thin gallium antimonide (GaSb) cell supported by perfect back reflectors separated by 100 nm. Even in the far-field limit, the efficiency is predicted to reach 31.5%, which is over an order of magnitude higher than the Shockley Queisser limit of 1.6% for a bulk GaSb cell and a blackbody emitter at 1000 K. The proposed design approach does not require nanoscale patterning of the emitter and PV cell surfaces, but instead offers a simple low-cost solution to improve the performance of thermophotovoltaic systems.
Investigation of Discontinuous Space Vector PWM Techniques of a Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter (2009)

Variable speed ac drives are nowadays the work horse of industry. To obtain variable voltage and frequency supply, inverters are the m ost com m on choice. Various pulse width m odulation (PWM) techniques have been developed for three phase voltage source inverters in the last decade. Space vector PWM technique is the m ost popular choice due to their easier digital implem entation and better dc bus utilization when com pared to t he mo st com m only used carrierbased PWM schem e. In discontinuous PWM m ode one of the leg of inverter is tied to either positive or negative rail of DC bus. This paper is devoted to the developm ent of Space vector PWM strategies in discontinuous m ode for three-phase VSIs. Discontinuous Space vector PWM offer the advantage of lower switching losses which is im portant especially in high switching frequency applications. The paper analyses various existing discontinuous PWM techniques based on harm onic perform ance of the output phase voltages. The harm onic perform ance indices chosen are total harm onic distortion, weighted total harm onic distortion and harm onic distortion factor. The perform ance is evaluated based on low-order harm onic content in the output phase voltages. Further few novel Space vector PWM m ethod in discontinuous m ode is proposed and analyzed. Perform ance com parison of the existing techniques and proposed schem es are presented. The com plete space vector m odel of a three-phase VSI is also presented. The analysis is done using Matlab sim ulation.
iMace: Protecting Females from Sexual and Violent Offenders in a Community via Smartphones (2011)

Personal safety in a community is an important issue. In particular, females and children are more vulnerable to violent and/or sexual attacks. In this project, we utilize smart phones and wireless networking techniques to provide a rescue-seeking mechanism for people under attack. When a user encounters an assault, by simply shaking the smart phone, iMace will not only produce high-pitch alarms to fend off the attacker but also quickly notify friends and law enforcement the location and even the snapshot of the attack. Such a fast response to attacks can eventually lead to a safer and better community.
Targeting c-MYC in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular and therapeutic effects of siRNA-mediated c-MYC silencing in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Statistical analysis of patient's data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal showed that the disease-free (DFS) and the overall (OS) survival were decreased in ovarian cancer patients with high c-MYC mRNA levels. Furthermore, analysis of a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines showed that c-MYC protein levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant cells when compared with their cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. In vitro cell viability, growth, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis, as well as in vivo therapeutic effectiveness in murine xenograft models, were also assessed following siRNA-mediated c-MYC silencing in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Significant inhibition of cell growth and viability, cell-cycle arrest, and activation of apoptosis were observed upon siRNA-mediated c-MYC depletion. In addition, single weekly doses of c-MYC-siRNA incorporated into 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG-2000)-based nanoliposomes resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth. These findings identify c-MYC as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancers expressing high levels of this oncoprotein.