gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reconfigurable Differential CMOS RF Energy Scavenger With 60% Peak Efficiency and -21 dBm Sensitivity (2013)

A differential RF-DC CMOS converter for RF energy scavenging based on a reconfigurable voltage rectifier topology is presented. The converter efficiency and sensitivity are optimized thanks to the proposed reconfigurable architecture. Prototypes, realized in 130 nm, provide a regulated output voltage of ~2 V when working at 868 MHz, with a -21 dBm sensitivity. The circuit efficiency peaks at 60%, remaining above the 40% for a 18 dB input power range.
The Expression of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Associated Cell Cycle (GACC) Genes Correlates with Cancer Stage and Poor Survival in Patients with Solid Tumors (2013)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is often used as a stable housekeeping marker for constant gene expression. However, the transcriptional levels of GAPDH may be highly up-regulated in some cancers, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Using a publically available microarray database, we identified a group of genes whose expression levels in some cancers are highly correlated with GAPDH up-regulation. The majority of the identified genes are cell cycle-dependent (GAPDH Associated Cell Cycle, or GACC). The up-regulation pattern of GAPDH positively associated genes in NSCLC is similar to that observed in cultured fibroblasts grown under conditions that induce anti-senescence. Data analysis demonstrated that up-regulated GAPDH levels are correlated with aberrant gene expression related to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Down-regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) in gluconeogenesis in conjunction with up-regulation of most glycolytic genes is closely related to high expression of GAPDH in the tumors. The data presented demonstrate that up-regulation of GAPDH positively associated genes is proportional to the malignant stage of various tumors and is associated with an unfavourable prognosis. Thus, this work suggests that GACC genes represent a potential new signature for cancer stage identification and disease prognosis.
Influence of K and Ca on Quality and Yield of Watermelon (1983)

Abstract Fertilizer K supplied as KC1, and Ca supplied as gypsum, interacted in their effect on yield and tissue composition of ‘Calhoun Gray’ watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. Increased rates of K significantly affected yield in a curvilinear manner. Response for K at varying levels of Ca had linear and either cubic and/or quadratic relationships. Increased rates of Ca reduced K uptake and yield. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between tissue K and tissue Ca. Although there was a significant K x Ca interaction on yield, individual element correlation coefficients with yield also were significant. Increased rates of fertilizer K increased rind thickness at watermelon equator, which was found to be related to watermelon rupture pressure. Ca and blossomend rind thickness had no influence on rupture pressure. K and Ca did not influence blossom-end rot, redness of flesh, or soluble solids of watermelon.
Rapid differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional neurons by mRNAs encoding transcription factors (2017)

Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into neurons is paramount for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine. In this manuscript, we report the capability of five transcription factors (TFs) toward this aim: NEUROG1, NEUROG2, NEUROG3, NEUROD1, and NEUROD2. In contrast to previous methods that have shortcomings in their speed and efficiency, a cocktail of these TFs as synthetic mRNAs can differentiate hPSCs into neurons in 7 days, judged by calcium imaging and electrophysiology. They exhibit motor neuron phenotypes based on immunostaining. These results indicate the establishment of a novel method for rapid, efficient, and footprint-free differentiation of functional neurons from hPSCs.
From autoinhibition to inhibition in trans: the Raf-1 regulatory domain inhibits Rok-alpha kinase activity (2009)

The activity of Raf-1 and Rok-α kinases is regulated by intramolecular binding of the regulatory region to the kinase domain. Autoinhibition is relieved upon binding to the small guanosine triphosphatases Ras and Rho. Downstream of Ras, Raf-1 promotes migration and tumorigenesis by antagonizing Rok-α, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we show that Rok-α inhibition by Raf-1 relies on an intermolecular interaction between the Rok-α kinase domain and the cysteine-rich Raf-1 regulatory domain (Raf-1reg), which is similar to Rok-α's own autoinhibitory region. Thus, Raf-1 mediates Rok-α inhibition in trans, which is a new concept in kinase regulation. This mechanism is physiologically relevant because Raf-1reg is sufficient to rescue all Rok-α–dependent defects of Raf-1–deficient cells. Downstream of Ras and Rho, the Raf-1–Rok-α interaction represents a novel paradigm of pathway cross talk that contributes to tumorigenesis and cell motility.
Survival of breast cancer patients following surgery: a detailed assessment of the multi-layer perceptron and Cox's proportional hazard model (2002)

The prognostic assessment of breast cancer patients following surgery to excise the tumour and other pathological tissue, is an important consideration in determining the most appropriate course of adjuvant therapy for the patient. The paper compares the relative predictive performance of a neural network and an established statistical method, on the basis of their ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves, using information available at the time of surgery.
The Detection of Waterborne Vibration by Sensory Hairs on the Chelae of the Crayfish (1980)

ABSTRACT Sensory hairs on the chelae of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor are grouped together into pits. Electrophysiological recordings from the sensory axons of isolated chelipeds show that the hairs are maximally sensitive to water vibration frequencies between 150−300 Hz. The amplitude threshold is about 0·2 µm water molecule oscillation.
Accelerometer Derived Activity Counts and Oxygen Consumption between Young and Older Individuals (2014)

The purpose of this investigation was to compare accelerometer activity counts and oxygen consumption between young and elderly individuals. Sixteen young (21.3 ± 2.5 yrs) and sixteen elderly (66.6 ± 2.9 yrs) participants completed 30 minutes of resting oxygen consumption to determine resting metabolic rate and four 6 min walking intensities ranging from 27 to 94 m·min(-1). Resting oxygen uptake was significantly lower for the older participants. Exercise oxygen consumption was significantly higher for the elderly group. There were no significant differences in activity counts between groups at each of the exercise intensities. When using measured resting metabolic rate, activity counts of 824 and 2207 counts·min(-1) were associated with moderate (3 METs) physical activity intensity for the older and young participants, respectively. However, using standard resting metabolic rate (3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)), activity counts of 784 and 2009 counts·min(-1) were associated with moderate physical activity intensity for the elderly and young participants, respectively. These findings indicate that activity counts are similar across age groups even though the oxygen consumption of exercise is greater among elderly individuals.
Relationship Among Biomechanical, Biochemical, and Cellular Changes Associated with Osteoarthritis (2001)

Articular cartilage that lines the surface of long bones is a multilayered material. The superficial layer consists of collagen fibrils and chondrocytes that run parallel to the joint surface. In the deeper layers, the collagen fibrils are more randomly arranged and support vertical units termed chondrons containing rows of chondrocytes. In the deepest layers, the collagen fibrils run almost vertically and ultimately insert into the underlying subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that affects articular cartilage and is characterized by enzymatic and mechanical breakdown of the extracellular matrix, leading to cartilage degeneration, exposure of subchondral bone, pain, and limited joint motion. Changes in mechanical properties of articular cartilage associated with OA include decreases in modulus and ultimate tensile strength. These changes parallel the changes observed after enzymatic degradation of either collagen or proteoglycans in cartilage. Results of recent viscoelastic studies on articular cartilage suggest that the elastic modulus of collagen and fibril lengths decrease in OA and are associated with a loss of the superficial zone and a decreased ability of articular cartilage to store elastic energy during locomotion. It is suggested that osteoarthritic changes to cartilage involve enzymatic degradation of matrix components and fibril fragmentation that is promoted by subsequent mechanical loading.
Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (PDC)-NK Cell Activity in Viremic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Attributable to Impairments in both PDC and NK Cell Function (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections impair plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) and natural killer (NK) cell subset numbers and functions, though little is known about PDC-NK cell interactions during these infections. We evaluated PDC-dependent NK cell killing and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and granzyme B production, using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based and purified cell assays of samples from HCV- and HIV-infected subjects. CpG-enhanced PBMC killing and IFN-gamma and granzyme B activity (dependent on PDC and NK cells) were impaired in viremic HIV infection. In purified PDC-NK cell culture experiments, CpG-enhanced, PDC-dependent NK cell activity was cell contact and IFN-alpha dependent, and this activity was impaired in viremic HIV infection but not in HCV infection. In heterologous PDC-NK cell assays, impaired PDC-NK cell killing activity was largely attributable to an NK cell defect, while impaired PDC-NK cell IFN-gamma-producing activity was attributable to both PDC and NK cell defects. Additionally, the response of NK cells to direct IFN-alpha stimulation was defective in viremic HIV infection, and this defect was not attributable to diminished IFN-alpha receptor expression, though IFN-alpha receptor and NKP30 expression was closely associated with killer activity in viremic HIV infection but not in healthy controls. These data indicate that during uncontrolled HIV infection, PDC-dependent NK cell function is impaired, which is in large part attributable to defective IFN-alpha-induced NK cell activity and not to altered IFN-alpha receptor, NKP30, NKP44, NKP46, or NKG2D expression.
Search behaviors in different task types (2010)

Personalization of information retrieval tailors search towards individual users to meet their particular information needs by taking into account information about users and their contexts, often through implicit sources of evidence such as user behaviors. Task types have been shown to influence search behaviors including usefulness judgments. This paper reports on an investigation of user behaviors associated with different task types. Twenty-two undergraduate journalism students participated in a controlled lab experiment, each searching on four tasks which varied on four dimensions: complexity, task product, task goal and task level. Results indicate regular differences associated with different task characteristics in several search behaviors, including task completion time, decision time (the time taken to decide whether a document is useful or not), and eye fixations, etc. We suggest these behaviors can be used as implicit indicators of the user's task type.
Technology for On-Chip Qubit Control with Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps (2013)

Trapped atomic ions are a leading physical system for quantum information processing. However, scalability and operational fidelity remain limiting technical issues often associated with optical qubit control. One promising approach is to develop on-chip microwave electronic control of ion qubits based on the atomic hyperfine interaction. This project developed expertise and capabilities at Sandia toward on-chip electronic qubit control in a scalable architecture. The project developed a foundation of laboratory capabilities, including trapping the 171Yb+ hyperfine ion qubit and developing an experimental microwave coherent control capability. Additionally, the project investigated the integration of microwave device elements with surface ion traps utilizing Sandia’s state-of-the-art MEMS microfabrication processing. This effort culminated in a device design for a multi-purpose ion trap experimental platform for investigating on-chip microwave qubit control, laying the groundwork for further funded R&D to develop on-chip microwave qubit control in an architecture that is suitable to engineering development.
Enhancement of Light Extraction from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Two-Dimensional Hexagonally Nanoimprinted Periodic Structures Using Sequential Surface Relief Grating (2008)

Electric characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with two-dimensional hexagonally nanoimprinted periodic structures were investigated, and enhanced light extraction from this device was confirmed. A master mold was fabricated from an azobenzene polymer thin film patterned by sequential surface relief grating formation into a three-directional structure. The device shows a higher current density and a higher current efficiency, although leakage current is also higher than that of a device without periodic structures. These results are caused by the extraction of diffracted light from waveguided and substrate-guided light even when incident light has larger angles than the critical angle for total reflection.
Inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26 sublines by a sialic acid:nucleoside conjugate having sialyltransferase inhibiting activity. (1986)

The total and sialidase-releasable sialic acid contents of murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 sublines of high (NL-17) and low (NL-44) metastatic potential were found to be positively correlated with their ability to undergo metastasis. Furthermore, sialyltransferase activity of intact NL-17 cells was higher than that of NL-44 cells. These findings suggest that sialic acid on the cell surface may play a role in the metastasis of these cells. Therefore, the effect of a sialyltransferase inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2',3'-isopropylidene-5'-O-(4-N-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-3,6,7,8-tetra -O -acetyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-D-glycero-alpha-D-galactooctapyranosyl)u ridine (Kl-8110), on the experimental lung metastasis of NL-17 or NL-44 cells was examined. Kl-8110 inhibited the transfer of sialic acid to its endogenous acceptor in NL-17 and NL-44 cells. NL-17 or NL-44 cells were injected into the tail veins of mice, and the metastasis-inhibiting activity of Kl-8110 was evaluated on the basis of both the lung weight and the number of pulmonary surface nodules about 3 wk after the tumor cell injection and of the survival ratio of mice inoculated with the tumor cells. Pretreatment of tumor cells with Kl-8110 together with i.v. injection of Kl-8110 caused significant inhibition of pulmonary metastasis of both NL-17 and NL-44 cells. Inhibition of metastasis and prolongation of survival were also observed on i.v. injection of Kl-8110 without pretreatment of the tumor cells with Kl-8110, but the degree of inhibition was lower than that in the case of the two treatments together. Kl-8110 itself had neither cytostatic nor cytotoxic effects on NL-17 and NL-44 but reduced the retention of tumor cells in the lungs. This antimetastatic effect of Kl-8110 may be due to modification of the tumor cell surface resulting from inhibition of sialyltransferase by Kl-8110. In addition, a beta-linked sialic acid:nucleoside conjugate (Kl-8111) and an equimolar mixture of Kl-8110 and Kl-8111 (Kl-414) also inhibited the metastatic ability of NL cells to the same extent as Kl-8110 did.
Generational garbage collection and the radioactive decay model (1997)

If a fixed exponentially decreasing probability distribution function is used to model every object's lifetime, then the age of an object gives no information about its future life expectancy. This radioactive decay model implies there can be no rational basis for deciding which live objects should be promoted to another generation. Yet there remains a rational basis for deciding how many objects to promote, when to collect garbage, and which generations to collect.Analysis of the model leads to a new kind of generational garbage collector whose effectiveness does not depend upon heuristics that predict which objects will live longer than others.This result provides insight into the computational advantages of generational garbage collection, with implications for the management of objects whose life expectancies are difficult to predict.
The Glycan-Rich Outer Layer of the Cell Wall of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Acts as an Antiphagocytic Capsule Limiting the Association of the Bacterium with Macrophages (2004)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects macrophages and other host cells. We show that sonication of M. tuberculosis results in the removal of material from the surface capsule-like layer of the bacteria, resulting in an enhanced propensity of the bacteria to bind to macrophages. This effect is observed with disparate murine and human macrophage populations though, interestingly, not with freshly explanted alveolar macrophages. Enhanced binding to macrophages following sonication is significantly greater within members of the M. tuberculosis family (pathogens) than within the Mycobacterium avium complex (opportunistic pathogens) or for Mycobacterium smegmatis (saprophyte). Sonication does not affect the viability or the surface hydrophobicity of M. tuberculosis but does result in changes in surface charge and in the binding of mannose-specific lectins to the bacterial surface. The increased binding of sonicated M. tuberculosis was not mediated through complement receptor 3. These results provide evidence that the surface capsule on members of the M. tuberculosis family may be an important virulence factor involved in the survival of M. tuberculosis in the mammalian host. They also question the view that M. tuberculosis is readily ingested by any macrophage it encounters and support the contention that M. tuberculosis, like many other microbial pathogens, has an antiphagocytic capsule that limits and controls the interaction of the bacterium with macrophages.
An Analysis of the Cloud Computing Security Problem (2016)

Cloud computing is a new computational paradigm that offers an innovative business model for organizations to adopt IT without upfront investment. Despite the potential gains achieved from the cloud computing, the model security is still questionable which impacts the cloud model adoption. The security problem becomes more complicated under the cloud model as new dimensions have entered into the problem scope related to the model architecture, multi-tenancy, elasticity, and layers dependency stack. In this paper we introduce a detailed analysis of the cloud security problem. We investigated the problem from the cloud architecture perspective, the cloud offered characteristics perspective, the cloud stakeholders' perspective, and the cloud service delivery models perspective. Based on this analysis we derive a detailed specification of the cloud security problem and key features that should be covered by any proposed security solution.
Cloud systems architecture for metropolitan area based cognitive radio networks (2012)

We present a novel, integrated cloud data center framework supporting Cognitive radio (CR) communications and networking. Our cloud data center architecture integrates microprocessor and software defined radio systems to support both traditional applications and CR wireless services on the cloud. We claim that our software upgradeable concepts lead to virtual and ultra-low cost CRs. We also describe cloud data center and CR network system principles combining fiber optics with high speed wireless links. This feature enables cloud packet communication protocols to remote CR units. System foundations, principles and communication analysis are presented for mobile metropolitan area CR networks.
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of liquids in swelling polymers (1995)

Abstract The variation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation parameters ( T 1 , T 2 ) within a polymer during swelling, limits the absolute accuracy with which liquid concentration profiles can be obtained using NMR imaging. In this article a study of the diffusion of decalin into ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is reported. The study illustrates the use of a method of analysis whereby quantitative solvent profiles can be obtained from data influenced by both T 1 and T 2 contrast effects. A T 1 and T 2 map are obtained at a point in the uptake of liquid where the greatest range in liquid concentration is obtained at a point in the uptake of liquid where the greatest range in liquid concentration is observed. The intensity of signal corresponding to liquid in the polymer is compared to that of pure liquid in a reference sample, and correlations for T 1 and T 2 values versus signal intensity are used to deconvolve relaxation contrast, to yield the true liquid concentration. The technique was used to study the effect of degree of crosslinking of UHMWPE on the swelling kinetics and decalin transport within the polymer. A spin‐echo imaging technique was used with a recycle delay approximately equal to the average spin‐lattice relaxation time of the liquid, and an echo time approximately half the average spin‐spin relaxation time. Under these conditions the relaxation contrast was significant, yet the mass uptake data derived from the concentration profiles obtained, using the method of analysis described, agreed well with gravimetric data. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Robust nonlinear speed control of PM synchronous motor using boundary layer integral sliding mode control technique (2000)

A digital signal processor (DSP)-based robust nonlinear speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented. A quasi-linearized and decoupled model including the influence of parameter variations and speed measurement error on the input-output feedback linearization of a PMSM is derived. Based on this model, a boundary layer integral sliding mode controller is designed and compared to a feedback linearization-based controller that uses proportional plus derivative (PD) controller in the outer loop. To show the validity of the proposed control scheme, DSP-based experimental works are carried out and compared with the conventional control scheme.
Brookhaven national laboratory solar projects (1978)

Four solar projects at BNL are briefly described: (1) the development of a hardware simulator for testing of solar cooling/heating subsystems and systems; (2) testing of a solar assisted heat pump; (3) simulation of a series heat pump system with air-heating collector and water source heat pump using the TRNSYS computer program; and (4) an experimental facility to study the potential for ground energy coupling in the series solar heat pump systems. (WHK)