gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOBACCO USE IN A RURAL AREA OF BIHAR, INDIA (2003)

Research question: What is the extent of tobacco use in a rural area of Bihar, India. Objective: To study tobacco use in rural area of Bihar. Study design: Cross-sectional. Setting: A rural area in Bihar, India. Participants: All the residents of Akhta village, Sitamarhi district of Bihar. Study variables: Tobacco use, age, gender, socio-economic status. Statistical analysis: Percentage, chi-square test. Results: The response rate was 91%. The non-response was due to houses being locked during the period of survey. Among 3566 children ( 80%) was bidi smoking both in men and women. Conclusion: Tobacco use among adult residents of Akhta village was quite high. Smoking prevalence among females was high even though smoking by women is considered as taboo in Indian society. Intervention measures need to be urgently explored.
A synthetic β‐casein phosphopeptide and analogues as model substrates for casein kinase‐1, a ubiquitous, phosphate directed protein kinase (1991)

The phosphopeptide Ser (P)-Ser(P)-Ser-(P)-Glu-Glu-Ser22-Ile-Thr, reproducing the 17-24 segment of beta-casein A2 including the seryl residue (Ser-22) which is targeted by casein kinase-1 was synthesized and used as model substrate for this enzyme. Its phosphorylation efficiency is actually higher than that of intact beta-casein (similar Vmax and 14 microM Km). Conversely the fully dephosphorylated peptide SSSEESIT is not affected by CK-1 to any detectable extent and its glutamyl derivative EEEEESIT displays a more than 50-fold higher Km and a 5-fold lower Vmax as compared to the parent phosphopeptide. The relevance of the individual phosphoseryl residues has been assessed by comparing the phosphorylation efficiencies of the phosphopeptides EESpEESIT, ESpEEESIT and SpEEEESIT: while the first is a substrate almost as good as the tris Ser (P)-peptide (Km = 62 microM), and the third one is almost as poor as EEEEESIT (Km = 1.55 mM), ESpEEESIT displays a intermediate efficiency (Km = 277 microM). These data in conjunction with the finding that the phosphopentapeptide Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P), but neither Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P) nor Ser-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu and Ser-Ala-Ala-Ser(P)-Ser(P), is readily phosphorylated by CK-1, support the concept that CK-1 is a phosphate directed protein kinase recognizing the Ser(P)-X-X-Ser-X and, less efficiently, the Ser(P)-X-X-X-Ser-X motifs.
Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of Bladder - A Case Report and Review of the Literature (1996)

Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare variant of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Its histologic feature is a high mucin content in the cytoplasma; this compresses the nuclei to one side and brings about signet-ring appearance. The clinical course is fatally fulminant with diffuse invasion and early metastasis. This report concerns a 70-year old female who complained of difficulty in urination and with urinary retention. The image studies, including ultrasound, IVU (intravenous urography) and CT (computerized tomography) scan, showed a tumor mass over the bladder base eith the appearance of indenting prostate. Radical surgery (anterior exenteration) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. The final pathologic diagnosis was non-urachal, pure, invasive signet wing cell carcinoma of bladder with sgage P4N2MO. The patient remained well during a six-month follow-up. The literature is reviewed.
Importance of Protein S and Phospholipid for Activated Protein C-mediated Cleavages in Factor Va (2003)

The procoagulant function of activated factor V (FVa) is inhibited by activated protein C (APC) through proteolytic cleavages at Arg306, Arg506, and Arg679. The effect of APC is potentiated by negatively charged phospholipid membranes and the APC cofactor protein S. Protein S has been reported to selectively stimulate cleavage at Arg306, an effect hypothesized to be related to reorientation of the active site of APC closer to the phospholipid membrane. To investigate the importance of protein S and phospholipid in the APC-mediated cleavages of individual sites, recombinant FV variants FV(R306Q/R679Q) and FV(R506Q/R679Q) (can be cleaved only at Arg506 and Arg306, respectively) were created. The cleavage rate was determined for each cleavage site in the presence of varied protein S concentrations and phospholipid compositions. In contrast to results on record, we found that protein S stimulated both APC cleavages in a phospholipid composition-dependent manner. Thus, on vesicles containing both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, protein S increased the rate of Arg306 cleavage 27-fold and that of Arg506 cleavage 5-fold. Half-maximal stimulation was obtained at approximately 30 nm protein S for both cleavages. In conclusion, we demonstrate that APC-mediated cleavages at both Arg306 and Arg506 in FVa are stimulated by protein S in a phospholipid composition-dependent manner. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of APC cofactor activity of protein S and the importance of phospholipid composition.
Crystallization of the C-terminal head domain of the avian adenovirus CELO long fibre (2006)

Avian adenovirus CELO contains two different fibres: fibre 1, the long fibre, and fibre 2, the short fibre. The short fibre is responsible for binding to an unknown avian receptor and is essential for infection of birds. The long fibre is not essential, but is known to bind the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor protein. Both trimeric fibres are attached to the same penton base, of which each icosahedral virus contains 12 copies. The short fibre extends straight outwards, while the long fibre emerges at an angle. The carboxy-terminal amino acids 579-793 of the avian adenovirus long fibre have been expressed with an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag and the expressed trimeric protein has been purified by nickel-affinity chromatography and crystallized. Crystals were grown at low pH using PEG 10,000 as precipitant and belonged to space group C2. The crystals diffracted rotating-anode Cu Kalpha radiation to at least 1.9 angstroms resolution and a complete data set was collected from a single crystal to 2.2 angstroms resolution. Unit-cell parameters were a = 216.5, b = 59.2, c = 57.5 angstroms, beta = 101.3 degrees, suggesting one trimer per asymmetric unit and a solvent content of 46%. The long fibre head does not have significant sequence homology to any other protein of known structure and molecular-replacement attempts with known fibre-head structures were unsuccessful. However, a map calculated using SIRAS phasing shows a clear trimer with a shape similar to known adenovirus fibre-head structures. Structure solution is in progress.
Optogenetics: A new enlightenment age for zebrafish neurobiology (2011)

Zebrafish became a model of choice for neurobiology because of the transparency of its brain and because of its amenability to genetic manipulation. In particular, at early stages of development the intact larva is an ideal system to apply optical techniques for deep imaging in the nervous system, as well as genetically encoded tools for targeting subsets of neurons and monitoring and manipulating their activity. For these applications,new genetically encoded optical tools, fluorescent sensors, and light-gated channels have been generated,creating the field of "optogenetics." It is now possible to monitor and control neuronal activity with minimal perturbation and unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution.We describe here the main achievements that have occurred in the last decade in imaging and manipulating neuronal activity in intact zebrafish larvae. We provide also examples of functional dissection of neuronal circuits achieved with the applications of these techniques in the visual and locomotor systems.
Signal-monitoring characteristics for laser-diode optical switches (1985)

Signal-monitoring characteristics of terminal voltage change across laser-diode optical switches (LDSW) have been studied. The terminal voltage changes are caused by the photovoltaic effect in the OFF state and by the quasi-Fermi level change in the ON state. The baseband frequency response characteristics are analyzed by small-signal analysis and coincide well with the measured characteristics. The 6-dB down frequency response bandwidths are verified to be very wide in both the ON and OFF states.
Structure-Activity Relationships of <i>N</i>-(1, 1, 3-Trimethylindan-4-yl)carboxamide Fungicides (1993)

N-(1,1,3-トリメチルインダン-4-イル) アリールまたはヘテロアリールカルボン酸アミド誘導体を合成し, その構造活性相関を検討した. 本系統には, 紋枯病 (Rhizoctonia solani) のみならず灰色かび病 (Botrytis cinerea) に対しても高い活性が見られた. 2位にCl, Br, CH3またはCF3で置換されたピリジン-3-カルボン酸アミド誘導体は, 両病害に対して高い活性を示した. ピラジン-3-カルボン酸アミド, フラン-3-カルボン酸アミド, ピラゾール-4-カルボン酸アミドおよびチアゾール-5-カルボン酸アミド誘導体も, 2-置換ピリジン誘導体と同様に高いSDC酵素阻害活性を示し, 両病害に対するポット試験でも高い活性を示した. 2,5-ジメチルフラン-3-カルボン酸アミドは2-メチルフラン誘導体と同様にSDC酵素阻害に対しても両病害に対しても高い活性を示したが, 2,4-ジメチルおよび2,4,5-トリメチル誘導体は灰色かび病に対するポット試験できわめて低い活性しか示さなかった. ピラゾール-4-カルボン酸アミドおよびチアゾール-5-カルボン酸アミド誘導体もフラン誘導体と同様の置換基効果を示した. これらの化合物の中で2-クロロピリジン-3-カルボン酸アミド (BC723) に加えて4-メチルチアゾール-5-カルボン酸アミド (BC340) が, いずれの病害に対しても最も良好な活性を示すことが見出された.
Tissue-specific alternative splicing generates two isoforms of the trkA receptor (1993)

The trkA receptor functions as a signal transducing receptor for nerve growth factor. In this report, we show that alternative splicing results in the production of two distinct trkA isoforms in both rats and humans. These isoforms differ by virtue of a 6-amino acid insertion in their extracellular domain, the placement of which corresponds exactly with the breakpoint found in several human trkA oncogenes. When tested in fibroblasts, the presence (trkAII) or absence (trkAI) of the 6-amino acid insert does not affect the receptor's ligand binding specificity or its ability to transduce functional signals in response to nerve growth factor. In rats and humans, trkAII is the only isoform expressed within neuronal tissues at appreciable levels whereas trkAI, the form of trkA originally cloned, appears to be expressed mainly in non-neuronal tissues.
Robust control with structure perturbations (1988)

The problem of making a given stabilizing controller robust so that the closed-loop system remains stable for prescribed ranges of variations of a set of physical parameters in the plant. The problem is treated in the state-space and transfer-function domains. In the state-space domain a stability hypersphere is determined in the parameter space using Lyapunov theory. The radius of this hypersphere is iteratively increased by adjusting the controller parameters until the prescribed perturbation ranges are contained in the stability hypersphere. In the transfer-function domain a corresponding stability margin is defined and optimized on the basis of the recently introduced concept of the largest stability hypersphere in the space of coefficients of the closed-loop characteristic polynomial. The design algorithms are illustrated by examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 <i>alpha</i> enhances growth factor-stimulated phosphatidylcholine metabolism and increases cAMP levels in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e, events associated with growth suppression. (1995)

The immunoregulatory C-C chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) has suppressive activity on proliferation of stem cells and early subsets of myeloid progenitor cells. A receptor for C-C chemokines that binds MIP-1 alpha has been characterized, cloned, and shown to be related structurally to neuropeptide receptors that couple through G-proteins to phospholipase-C and adenyl cyclase. Yet, very little information on the intracellular mechanisms of action of MIP-1 alpha is available. We show here that the human factor-dependent cell line M07e is responsive to the cell cycle-suppressive effects of MIP-1 alpha, has specific membrane-binding sites for MIP-1 alpha, and that treatment of these cells with this chemokine increases the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphocholine turnover rates in cells that are synergistically stimulated by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and steel factor but not these factors acting singly. Additional, MIP-1 alpha treatment induces a dose- and time-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP levels in M07e cells. Both exogenous PC and dibutyryl cAMP were found to suppress the proliferation of M07e colony-forming cells to a level similar to that of MIP-1 alpha, further implicating cAMP and PC metabolism in MIP-1 alpha-induced M07e suppression. RANTES, a related chemokine, with weak or incomplete binding to the cloned MIP-1 alpha receptor, did not suppress M07e colony-forming cells, nor did it increase intracellular cAMP levels, but it did enhance growth factor-induced PC turnover, further supporting the involvement of cAMP in MIP-1 alpha suppression while demonstrating that increased PC turnover alone is not sufficient for suppression. These findings support the idea that the human MIP-1 alpha receptor is coupled to phospholipid and cAMP metabolism in a manner similar to other 7-transmembrane, G-protein-linked receptors and suggest that a phosphatidylcholine hydrolytic cycle and an associated increase in cAMP are part of the mechanisms of action of MIP-1 alpha.
Reconnection of fingerprint ridges based on morphological operators and multiscale directional information (2004)

In this paper we introduce a multiscale operator which, together with some morphological tools, can be used to reconnect broken components of an image. This operator extracts the orientation field from the image components and can be applied to both binary and gray-scale pictures. Although we illustrate its application in the fingerprint domain, the approach described here can be easily extended to images whose components exhibit well-defined directional information.
Plasma protein C levels in children with sickle cell disease. (1989)

Since thrombotic phenomena have important roles in the vasoocclusive manifestations in sickle cell disease (SCD), protein C (PC) was determined in 32 children with SCD during steady state and vasoocclusive crisis (VOC) and in controls. Children with SCD during steady state had significantly lower PC levels as compared to controls. During VOC there was marked decrease in PC as compared to levels during steady state, and these levels increased to initial levels or higher with clinical improvement. It is postulated that the decreased levels of PC in SCD are probably secondary to increased consumption as well as decreased production because of altered liver function. This data suggests that decreased levels of PC may increase the risk of thrombosis in these patients.
Photopolymer Resins with Biobased Methacrylates Based on Soybean Oil for Stereolithography (2020)

The accessibility of renewable materials that are both sustainable and competitive is essential to accommodate the rapid growth in consumption of 3D printing materials. We have developed biobased photopolymer resins based on modified soybean oil for application in commercial stereolithography printers. First, soybean oil methacrylates with various functionalities were successfully synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil as an alternative to commercially available soybean oil acrylate. A library of photoresins was created by mixing up to 80% of the biobased (meth)acrylate oligomers with biobased diluents and a photoinitiator. The resin composition was optimized to achieve a maximum biobased content and a low viscosity. The manufactured parts demonstrated complete layer fusion and accurate print quality. Stiffness and toughness can be tuned by altering the chemical composition or the number of functional groups per oligomer. These biobased materials can be employed to reduce the environmental impact of additive manufacturing while being competitive with current fossil-based resins from commercial manufacturers.
Susceptibility of Amyloid β Peptide Degrading Enzymes to Oxidative Damage:  A Potential Alzheimer's Disease Spiral (2005)

Insulysin (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP) were found to be inactivated by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, an iron−ascorbate oxidation system, and by treatment with 2,2‘-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). In each case reaction led to the introduction of protein carbonyl groups as judged by reaction with 2,4-dintrophenylhydrazine. IDE was inactivated by reaction with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) with the concomitant formation of protein adducts. NEP was not inactivated to a significant extent by HNE, but some HNE-adduct formation did occur. Prior reaction with hydrogen peroxide or AAPH led to enhanced formation of HNE adducts. Treatment of IDE with AAHP or hydrogen peroxide increased its susceptibility to proteolysis, while treatment of NEP with iron/ascorbate or hydrogen peroxide increased its susceptibility to proteolysis. Since IDE and NEP play a prominent role in the clearance of amyloid β peptides, their oxidative inactivation and enhanced proteolysis can contribute to the onset and/or progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Dimerization of Acrylonitrile by Ruthenium Chloride (1968)

Abstract The end-to-end dimerization of acrylonitrile was effected with a ruthenium trichloride trihydrate catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere, thus obtaining a mixture of cis- and trans-1, 4-dicyano-1-butene as the main products. Under nitrogen, however, only very small amounts of these products were formed. The reaction occurred at temperatures of 120–200°C under moderate hydrogen pressures in alcoholic media such as ethanol. The effects of various salts or electron-donating compounds on the catalysis were examined.
High frequency nonlinear scattering and imaging of a submicron contrast agent (2005)

We investigate high frequency nonlinear scattering and imaging of a contrast agent comprised of submicron bubbles. Agent characterization experiments conducted at 20 and 30 MHz transmit frequencies with a broadband PVDF transducer confirm the production of substantial amounts of energy in the subharmonic and second harmonic regions. Nonlinear contrast imaging with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is then explored with a prototype mechanically scanned system. Pulse-inversion techniques were employed with a 20 MHz transmit frequency (F20) for second harmonic imaging (H40), and with a 40 MHz transmit frequency (F40) for subharmonic imaging (SH20). H40 was found to produce improvements in contrast-to-tissue signal ratios (CTR) for low transmit amplitudes (<0.3 MPa). SH20 was demonstrated at a range of pressures (0.2 to 2.2 MPa). These results show the feasibility of using a submicron agent for high frequency (>15 MHz) nonlinear contrast imaging and suggest the potential application of these techniques in IVUS.
Temporally silent stores (2002)

Recent work has shown that silent stores--stores which write a value matching the one already stored at the memory location--occur quite frequently and can be exploited to reduce memory traffic and improve performance. This paper extends the definition of silent stores to encompass sets of stores that change the value stored at a memory location, but only temporarily, and subsequently return a previous value of interest to the memory location. The stores that cause the value to revert are called temporally silent stores. We redefine multiprocessor sharing to account for temporal silence and show that in the limit, up to 45% of communication misses in scientific and commercial applications can be eliminated by exploiting values that change only temporarily. We describe a practical mechanism that detects temporally silent stores and removes the coherence traffic they cause in conventional multiprocessors. We find that up to 42% of communication misses can be eliminated with a simple extension to the MESI protocol. Further, we examine application and operating system code to provide insight into the temporal silence phenomenon and characterize temporal silence by examining value frequencies and dynamic instruction distances between temporally silent pairs. These studies indicate that the operating system is involved heavily in temporal silence, in both commercial and scientific workloads, and that while detectable synchronization primitives provide substantial contributions, significant opportunity exists outside these references.
Fast and stable cone-beam filtered backprojection method for non-planar orbits (1998)

We propose a new cone-beam shift-variant filtered backprojection (FBP) method for non-planar orbit data acquisitions. The new method is exact, fast and stable to discretization errors. It is based on the hybrid FBP framework whose key feature is to combine the shift-variant filtering with the ramp filtering to produce the filtered projections. We show that an adequate combination of the two filterings allows us to minimize contributions of the time-consuming and numerically unstable shift-variant filtering. We demonstrate the performances of the new method by simulation studies. We also apply the new method to real x-ray data acquired from our experimental system of monochromatic computed tomography.
Development of Detection System for Small Particles with Oblique Illumination and Oblique Detection. (1997)

Small particles (approximately larger than 1μm) adhered on to TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display) plates in a production process cause the defects in circuit patterns. The particles have been detected strictly in a production process by employing automatic inspection systems. In this development, an automatic particle detection system with a high sensitivity and a high speed has been developed. The high sensitive detection has been realized by developing the technology to illuminate a plate with a laser diode obliquely and to detect the forward light scattered by particles obliquely. The high speed detection has been realized by developing a parallel detection system. In this system, the width of detection unit has been reduced by combining an optical path for particle detection with an optical path for automatic focusing. This technology enables to inspect a plate with the size of 360 × 460mm in 24 seconds when the plate is inspected with 4 detection units.
Electrophysiologic Validation of Two Categories of Dementias - Cortical and Subcortical (1987)

Recently, the dementias have been classified into 2 categories-Cortical (CD) and Subcortical (SD). Some studies have questioned this classification. We attempted to validate the classification on electrophysiologic grounds. Fourteen of 15 patients with SD had relatively normal EEGs as compared to only 3 of 15 patients with CD, matched for age, sex and severity of dementia (p greater than 0.01). SER test results were often abnormal in the SD group but always normal in CD patients. These preliminary data appear to validate the classification of dementias into SD and CD categories.
The chemotherapy of urologic cancer (1975)

A review of the status of evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in the urologic malignancies reveals a largely neglected area of investigation. Except for testicular carcinomas, which are highly responsive to drug therapy, active agents have not been clearly established for the other urogenital tumor sites. Published information and data on file in the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute are reviewed, and studies currently in progress are outlined. Adequate clinical testing of the standard antitumor agents that are active against other human malignancies should receive high priority in future therapeutic trials in urologic cancer.