gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Study of Conjugated Polymer/Fullerene Organic Solar Cells (2005)

We conducted a comprehensive Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) study of the “classical” organic solar cell system consisting of the MDMO-PPV:PCBM blend. The KPFM method yields detailed information of topography and local work function on the nanometer scale. Experiments were performed either in the dark or under laser illumination to extract locally resolved surface photovoltage. We identified distinct differences in energetics on the surface of chlorobenzene- and toluene-cast blend films. The electronic and structural behavior of the toluene-cast blend films were analyzed in relation to illumination and substrate temperature. Together with previous studies we were able to interpret the KPFM results and draw some conclusions regarding the correlation between the nanostructural properties and photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.
QCA implementation of a MUX-Based FPGA CLB (2008)

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) represents an emerging technology at the nano technology level. Nowadays, many applications of QCA technology are introduced while programmability can increase the flexibility of QCA implementations. Using the structure of FPGAs can lead to flexible QCA implementations. So, we have implemented a MUX-Based FPGA CLB. This CLB has 3 multiplexers and each multiplexer is composed of 34 QCA cells.
Activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signaling Leads to Glomerulosclerosis That Mimics Diabetic Nephropathy (2011)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. We have previously reported that Smad1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in DN. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that induce and activate Smad1. Here, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) was found to up-regulate the expression of Smad1 in mesangial cells and subsequently to phosphorylate Smad1 downstream of the advanced glycation end product-receptor for advanced glycation end product signaling pathway. Moreover, Bmp4 utilized Alk3 and affected the activation of Smad1 and Col4 expressions in mesangial cells. In the diabetic mouse, Bmp4 was remarkably activated in the glomeruli, and the mesangial area was expanded. To elucidate the direct function of Bmp4 action in the kidneys, we generated transgenic mice inducible for the expression of Bmp4. Tamoxifen treatment dramatically induced the expression of Bmp4, especially in the glomeruli of the mice. Notably, in the nondiabetic condition, the mice exhibited not only an expansion of the mesangial area and thickening of the basement membrane but also remarkable albuminuria, which are consistent with the distinct glomerular injuries in DN. ECM protein overexpression and activation of Smad1 in the glomeruli were also observed in the mice. The mesangial expansion in the mice was significantly correlated with albuminuria. Furthermore, the heterozygous Bmp4 knock-out mice inhibited the glomerular injuries compared with wild type mice in diabetic conditions. Here, we show that BMP4 may act as an upstream regulatory molecule for the process of ECM accumulation in DN and thereby reveals a new aspect of the molecular mechanisms involved in DN.
Advanced Catalytic Pilot for Low NOx Industrial Gas Turbines (2003)

This paper describes the design and testing of a catalytically stabilized pilot burner for current and advanced Dry Low NOx (DLN) gas turbine combustors. In this paper, application of the catalytic pilot technology to industrial engines is described using Solar Turbines’ Taurus 70 engine. The objective of the work described is to develop the catalytic pilot technology and document the emission benefits of catalytic pilot technology when compared to higher, NOx producing pilots. The catalytic pilot was designed to replace the existing pilot in the existing DLN injector without major modification to the injector. During high-pressure testing, the catalytic pilot showed no incidence of flashback or autoignition while operating over wide range of combustion temperatures. The catalytic reactor lit off at a temperature of approximately 598 K (325°C/617°F) and operated at simulated 100% and 50% load conditions without a preburner. At high pressure, the maximum catalyst surface temperature was similar to that observed during atmospheric pressure testing and considerably lower than the surface temperature expected in lean-burn catalytic devices. In single-injector rig testing, the integrated assembly of the catalytic pilot and Taurus 70 injector demonstrated NOx and CO emission less than 5 ppm @ 15% O2 for 100% and 50% load conditions along with low acoustics. The results demonstrate that a catalytic pilot burner replacing a diffusion flame or partially premixed pilot in an otherwise DLN combustor can enable operation at conditions with substantially reduced NOx emissions.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von und Reaktionen mit metallhaltigen Heterocyclen, I Metallorganische Komplexe von Mangan und Rhenium mit zwei funktionellen Zentren /Preparation and Properties of and Reactions with Organometallic Heterocycles, I Organometallic Complexes of Manganese and Rhenium with two Functional Centres (1978)

Abstract The binuclear anions Na 2 [(OC) 4 MP(O)R 2 ] 2 (2a, a′, b, b′) [M = Mn: R = CH 3 (a), C 6 H 5 (a′); M = Re: R = CH 3 (b), C 6 H 5 (b′)] can be obtained quantitatively by reduction of the phosphinic acid complexes (OC)4BrMP(OH)R 2 (1a, a′, b, b′) with sodium amalgam in ether. While the manganate anions 2 a, a′ can be transformed with excess sodium into the mononuclear salts Na 2 [(OC) 4 MnP(O)R 2 ] (3a, a′), with two nucleophilic centres, the corresponding anions 2 b, b′ eliminate CO to give sparingly soluble species. From 3 a, a′ and dimethylsulphate the doubly methylated compounds CH 3 Mn(CO) 4 P(OCH 3 )R 2 (4a, a′) are obtained. The rhenium derivatives CH 3 Re(CO) 4 P(OCH 3 )R 2 (4b, b′) are formed only in very poor yields from 2 b, b′ and dimethylsulphate under reductive conditions. The IR, 1 H NMR, and mass spectra are discussed.
Suicide Gene Therapy against Cancer (2013)

A major limitation of conventional chemotherapies used in cancer treatments today are low therapeutic indices and side effects that result from drug effects on normal tissues (off target). One of the most innovative approaches to developing antineoplastic agents with increased tumor selectivity is the use of suicide gene therapy. Suicide gene therapy involves delivering a gene product in proximity to the targeted cancer tissue through various targeted delivery methods followed by tissue/tumor-specific expression of the gene product which then converts a systemically available pro-drug into an active drug within the tumor locale. Here we summarize the concept of gene therapy for cancer and introduce the most frequently used suicide gene therapy systems. In addition we discuss viral, molecular and cellular vectors and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we describe the clinical applications, limitations and potential side effects of suicide gene therapy to date.
James Madison University's Mine Awareness Program (MAP) in Quang Tri Province (2000)

The U.S. Department of State Humanitarian Demining Program Office (PM/HDP), in an effort to help establish a sustainable mine action program in Vietnam, sponsored the Mine Awareness Project (MAP) in Quang Tri Province, the site of the former demilitarized zone. The MAIC at JMU was tasked to pursue that goal as an activity of the Non-Proliferation, Anti-Terrorism and Demining-related (NADR) fund. JMU was asked to plan, coordinate, and implement various activities, which would constitute an educational program designed to help families living in this province avoid the dangers of latent landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Protection against herpes simplex virus infection in mice by Corynebacterium parvum (1977)

Corynebacterium parvum administered in mice prior to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection significantly protected them against lethal encephalitis. This was seen both with a mouse strain highly susceptible to HSV and with one relatively resistant to HSV. Mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide and showing an increased mortality after HSV infection were also protected by C. parvum pretreatment. However, C. parvum given simultaneously with or after HSV infection did not exert a therapeutic effect.
Performance, Accuracy, Data Delivery, and Feedback Methods in Order Selection (2007)

Abstract A field study was conducted in auto-parts after-market distribution centers where selectors used handheld computers to receive instructions and feedback about their product selection process. A wireless voice-interaction technology was then implemented in a multiple baseline fashion across three departments of a warehouse (N = 14) and was associated with a 17% increase in productivity over the previously implemented handheld scanning technology of the baseline condition and comparison departments that continued to use handheld scanner technology. Selection accuracy was nearly identical for voice (99.55%) and handheld (99.80%) technology. But, both were associated with substantially higher selection accuracy than a paper-based method (96.50%). Accuracy with voice instruction delivery, however, was most vulnerable whenever upstream events (i.e., processes that occur before the selection process such as receiving, replenishment, and inventory control) resulted in the wrong product being in the selection location. The implications and limitations that arise with these technologies are discussed as well as the expanded role of the Organizational Behavior Management professional.
Preparation of 1,4-Bis(3-ethynylthieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)benzene Derivatives as Peptide-Inspired Molecules (2009)

1,4-Bis(3-ethynylthieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)benzene derivatives, as well as 1- (3-ethynylthieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-4-(2-ethynyl-3-thienyl)benzene derivative and 2,5-bis(2-ethynyl-3-thienyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene derivative, containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moieties with pseudoaxis, was prepared and their UV-vis spectra were studied.Extension of -system through the central aromatic ring was suggested by the UV-vis spectra.
Valved Sampling Cell for Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Membrane extractors comprising a membrane house inside of a valve have been developed to separate compounds of interest from a sample matrix and introduce these compounds into a mass spectrometer. Experimental control over parameters that affect permeability or that may damage the membrane, such as the membrane temperature, is provided with the valve. The valve was tested for response and response times with the valve separated from the mass spectrometer by various interface tube lengths. Data for steady state response measurements showed no significant change with the valve at different distances from the ion source. Polar compounds show a strong response time dependency on the interface tube length. This adsorption phenomenon is minimized by simply heating the interface tube. Other factors affecting the performance of the device are discussed.
Aromatic Nitration with Nitric Acid/Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride (1992)

Nitric acid/trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) anhydride was shown to be a highly effective electrophilic nitrating agent. A series of aromatics were nitrated under mild conditions in high yields. Similar results were also obtained when using nitric acid/trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid/phosphorus pentoxide as nitrating agent in nitroethane or nitromethane solution. The 15N NMR spectrum of 15N enriched nitric acid in triflic anhydride was studied and compared with that of other nitrating reagents. The data indicate the predominantly covalent nature of trifluoromethanesulfonyl nitrate formed in the systems.
Prenatal diagnosis of smith–lemli–opitz syndrome is possible by measurement of 7‐dehydrocholesterol in amniotic fluid (1995)

Amniocentesis was performed at 17.3 weeks in a pregnancy with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Cytogenetic studies on amniocytes were normal, 46,XX, and the pregnancy was continued. The diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome was suspected in the neonatal period and confirmed by the presence of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the plasma (0.4 mmol/l, normal = not detectable) associated with a low total cholesterol concentration (0.4 mmol/l, normal = 2.56 +/- 0.23). Retrospective analysis of the amniotic fluid sample revealed an elevated level of 7-DHC (0.022 mmol/l; normal = undetectable). Therefore measurement of 7-DHC levels in amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy is useful for the prenatal diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in families at risk and should be considered in cases of severe growth retardation of unknown aetiology for which amniotic fluid is available and in which a normal chromosomal pattern in amniocytes is present.
Angle estimation of a single‐axis rotation: a practical inertial‐measurement‐unit‐based method (2017)

A practical inertial‐measurement‐unit‐based method is proposed to measure the angle of a single‐axis rotation, where the axis rotation is invisible or inaccessible. The proposed method utilises the angular velocities of an inertial‐measurement unit (IMU) to compute the orientation of the rotating axis. An equation with respect to the unknown rotation angle is first developed due to that the attitude angles of IMU vary as the measured target rotates. An interpolation algorithm is proposed to solve the equation, and simulations are performed. Finally, with a turntable and an IMU, comparative experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method. Results demonstrate the robustness to initial noise and the effectiveness under different situations.The proposed method is practical because of its simple structure, flexible installation and applicability in complex environments. Another more contributions of this study are a feasible approach to measure the orientation of the rotating axis. This method solves the problem of complex and difficult installation of angle measuring equipment in specific environments. It is simple and suited for use in the real‐time calculation of angular displacement. It can be used to measure the rotation angle of rotating motors or the rotating axis of some equipment.
Taxonomic Study of Bacillus by Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization and Interspecific Transformation (1975)

Taxonomic relationships between various species of Bacillus were studied, using 52 test strains of 8 species, by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization and by testing transformability of the auxotrophic and antibiotic resistance genetic markers. Results for species identification by the conventional taxonomic method described in Bergey's Manual (8th ed., 1974) showed good agreement with the DNA-DNA hybridization data for B. licheniformis (16 strains), B. pumilus (one strain), B. coagulans (three strains), B. megaterium (three strains), B. cereus (one strain), and B. brevis (one strain). However, data for 16 of 27 test strains of B. subtilis and related species indicated lower homology indexes (20 to 25%) to the Marburg strain. Transformation of the auxotrophic markers to the wild type in the Marburg strain by DNA prepared from those strains showing lower homology to the Marburg strain was not detected, whereas the antibiotic resistance markers were transformed with the same DNA preparation. Transformation of the antibiotic resistance markers to the Marburg strain by DNA prepared from some strains of species other than B. subtilis, e.g., B. licheniformis and B. pumilus, was also detected, whereas transformation of the auxotrophic markers was not. These results strongly suggest that these two groups of B. subtilis should be divided into two different species. However, evidence suggesting the existence of a core region of DNA among a wide variety of species of Bacillus was presented.
Semiconductor Nanomembrane-Based Light-Emitting and Photodetecting Devices (2016)

Heterogeneous integration between silicon (Si), III-V group material and Germanium (Ge) is highly desirable to achieve monolithic photonic circuits. Transfer-printing and stacking between different semiconductor nanomembranes (NMs) enables more versatile combinations to realize high-performance light-emitting and photodetecting devices. In this paper, lasers, including vertical and edge-emitting structures, flexible light-emitting diode, photodetectors at visible and infrared wavelengths, as well as flexible photodetectors, are reviewed to demonstrate that the transfer-printed semiconductor nanomembrane stacked layers have a large variety of applications in integrated optoelectronic systems.
New synthesis of S(Se)-alkyl phosphorothio(seleno)lates from the corresponding phosphoroanilidates. Stereospecific cleavage of the phosphorus-nitrogen bond in chiral phosphoroanilidates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis of S(Se)-alkyl phosphorothio(seleno)lates from the corresponding phosphoroanilidates. Stereospecific cleavage of the phosphorus-nitrogen bond in chiral phosphoroanilidatesWojciech J. Stec, Andrzej Okruszek, Kvystyna Lesiak, Bogdan Uznanski, and Jan MichalskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2, 227–233Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00864a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00864a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gastrointestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis. (1997)

Management of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis requires a thorough gastroenterological examination and a profound knowledge of possible gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease. The esophagus is the gastrointestinal segment most often involved. Smooth muscle atrophy leads to a loss of esophageal peristalsis, a defect of the lower esophageal sphincter, and gastric hypomotility, thus predisposing to severe reflux esophagitis. A rational diagnostic approach includes standard manometry and endoscopy. The prevention of strictures is the main aim of therapeutic efforts that may consist of lifestyle changes, prokinetic drugs, long-term application of proton pump inhibitors, and, if inevitable, surgical intervention. Involvement of the small intestine and colon is less common but may lead to life-threatening complications like chronic pseudoobstruction or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. The main therapeutic options consist of antibiotics for bacterial overgrowth and nutritional supplementation. Recently, a preliminary study with octreotide yielded promising results. Anorectal dysfunction can lead to fecal incontinence or rectal prolapse.
Iontophoretic Delivery of Oligonucleotide Derivatives into Mouse Tumor (1994)

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (22-mers) were delivered through the skin of C3H mice in the region of a mammary gland tumor by means of iontophoresis. It was shown that the oligonucleotides enter the tumor, cross it, and reach all mouse organs. Electrophoretic analysis of the oligonucleotide extracted from tumor showed that the compounds were delivered in the tissue in the intact state.
Inside Chinese Business: A Guide for Managers Worldwide (2002)

A guide for anyone who wants to engage the Chinese in cooperative endeavor. - Foreign Affairs. Ming-Jer Chen takes readers Inside Chinese to reveal the social and cultural values that underpin Chinese business practices and influence day-to-day corporate decisions. Drawing from his intimate knowledge of Chinese culture and history and from his extensive managerial work and international experience, Chen provides an unrivaled insider's perspective on how to work, compete, and cooperate successfully with Chinese companies around the globe. Ming-Jer Chen is the Bigelow Research Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia. He is also Senior Fellow at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Visiting Professor of Management at the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, England. Dr. Chen was formerly Founder/Director of the Wharton School's Global Chinese Business Initiative.
Spatially Controlled Relay Beamforming (2018)

We consider the problem of enhancing Quality-of-Service (QoS) in mobile relay beamforming networks, by optimally controlling relay motion, in the presence of a dynamic channel. We assume a time-slotted system, where the relays update their positions before the beginning of each slot. Modeling the wireless channel as a Gaussian spatiotemporal field, we propose a novel 2-stage stochastic programming approach for optimally specifying relay positions and beamforming weights, such that the expected QoS of the network is maximized, based on causal channel state information and under a total relay power budget. This results in a scheme where, at each time slot, apart from optimally beamforming to the destination, the relays also optimally decide their positions at the next slot, based on causal experience. The stochastic program considered is shown to be equivalent to a set of simple subproblems, which may be solved in a naturally distributed fashion, one at each relay. However, exact evaluation of the objective of each subproblem is impossible. To mitigate this issue, we propose three efficient, theoretically grounded surrogates to the original subproblems, which rely on the Sample Average Approximation method, the Gauss-Hermite Quadrature, and the Method of Statistical Differentials, respectively. The efficacy and several properties of the proposed approach are demonstrated via simulations. In particular, we report a substantial improvement of about 80% on the average network QoS at steady state, compared to randomized relay motion. This shows that strategic relay motion control can result in substantial performance gains, as far as QoS maximization is concerned.