gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on the death and survival of activated TCR gamma delta+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. (1999)

TCR gamma delta+ cells are enriched in the intestine mucosa and constitute approximately half of the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) in mice. They are likely activated by self and foreign Ags in situ, but little is known about how the activated gamma delta iIEL are regulated. In the iIEL compartment, IL-2 is produced by activated TCR alpha beta+ iIEL, and IL-15 message is detected in iIEL and in the epithelial cells. We found surface expression of IL-2 as well as IL-15Rs on activated gamma delta iIEL, and examined the effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on the survival and death of gamma delta iIEL during secondary stimulation through TCR. We found that both cytokines supported growth of the restimulated gamma delta iIEL, but exerted different effects on their survival. A significant higher number of live cells were recovered from the gamma delta iIEL cultures restimulated in IL-15 than in IL-2. Quantitation of apoptotic cells showed more cell death in the IL-2 group than in the IL-15 group. The cell death was associated with restimulation through TCR and was not caused by insufficient growth factor, thus representing activation-induced cell death. Western blot analyses found no difference in the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins between the two groups. However, the level of Bcl-xL protein diminished with time in the IL-2 group whereas the level was sustained in the IL-15 group, which may contribute to the pro-survival effect of IL-15. These results demonstrated that the survival of activated gamma delta iIEL is differentially regulated by IL-2 and IL-15.
Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP (2009)

Cellular system operators have identified the critical need for standardization of femtocell devices and their associated interfaces into the operators' core networks as a critical requirement for the success of femtocell products. Driven by this demand, the UMTS/UTRAN standards community has been undertaking a large-scale and comprehensive effort to specify such standards for femtocell devices and systems that are based on the UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA family of radio access technologies. This article describes those standardization activities and provides an overview for the femtocell system architecture that has been developed within 3GPP.
EMAP-II Expression Is Associated with Macrophage Accumulation in Primary Uveal Melanoma (2003)

In uveal melanoma, macrophages accumulate at sites of EMAP-II expression. Based on the results, it may be hypothesized that this process of chemotaxis is facilitated by EMAP-II-dependent expression of ICAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells and concomitantly leads to localized vascular damage, as indicated by release of von Willebrand factor.
Calculation of photon path changes due to scatter in Monte Carlo simulations (2010)

Computation using Monte Carlo simulations is widely used for modelling the light-tissue interaction. Despite this, many of the methods used for building such simulations are poorly described in the literature. In particular, a scheme for translating the scatter angles produced from a phase function into updated photon direction vectors is not explicitly reported. To address this, a method for calculating the change in photon direction following a scattering event is described, thus illuminating one of the fundamental 'building blocks' for researchers developing their own Monte Carlo models. The equations derived in this paper may be readily incorporated into applicable Monte Carlo program code.
Discovery and molecular and biocatalytic properties of hydroxynitrile lyase from an invasive millipede,<i>Chamberlinius hualienensis</i> (2015)

Hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) catalyzes the degradation of cyanohydrins and causes the release of hydrogen cyanide (cyanogenesis). HNL can enantioselectively produce cyanohydrins, which are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and is used as an important biocatalyst in industrial biotechnology. Currently, HNLs are isolated from plants and bacteria. Because industrial biotechnology requires more efficient and stable enzymes for sustainable development, we must continuously explore other potential enzyme sources for the desired HNLs. Despite the abundance of cyanogenic millipedes in the world, there has been no precise study of the HNLs from these arthropods. Here we report the isolation of HNL from the cyanide-emitting invasive millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis, along with its molecular properties and application in biocatalysis. The purified enzyme displays a very high specific activity in the synthesis of mandelonitrile. It is a glycosylated homodimer protein and shows no apparent sequence identity or homology with proteins in the known databases. It shows biocatalytic activity for the condensation of various aromatic aldehydes with potassium cyanide to produce cyanohydrins and has high stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values. It catalyzes the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile from benzaldehyde with a 99% enantiomeric excess, without using any organic solvents. Arthropod fauna comprise 80% of terrestrial animals. We propose that these animals can be valuable resources for exploring not only HNLs but also diverse, efficient, and stable biocatalysts in industrial biotechnology.
Ethanol‐Assisted, Few Nanometer, Water‐In‐Ionic‐Liquid Reverse Micelle Formation by a Zwitterionic Surfactant (2012)

Ultrasmall w/IL emulsions: The formation of water/ionic liquid (w/IL) microemulsions is demonstrated by using the zwitterionic surfactant (SB-12) in the presence of ethanol (see figure). Ethanol increases the uptake of both water and SB-12 within the ILs initiating the formation of w/IL microemulsions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Antinociceptive and anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanol leaf extract of Cyperus scariosus. (2011)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cyperus scariosus. Antinociceptive activity was determined using a model of acetic acid-induced gastric pain in mice and anti-hyperglycemic activity through glucose tolerance test using glucose loaded mice. In writhing assays induced by acetic acid, the methanolic leaf extract showed dose dependent significant pain inhibition compared to control. The maximum writhing inhibition (46.62%) was found at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight which was less than that of the positive control, aspirin (56.74%), when used at the same dose. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of the extract was also found to be significant in mice loaded with glucose at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Maximum tolerance (42.86%) was showed at 400 mg extract/kg body weight, which compared favorably with that of glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg body weight (57.62%). In summary, the methanol extract of C. scariosus leaves has had beneficial effects as a pain reliever and also in reducing the elevated blood glucose level of hyperglycemic mice.
Spreading Activation Methods (2010)

Spreading activation (also known as spread of activation) is a method for searching associative networks, neural networks or semantic networks. The method is based on the idea of quickly spreading an associative relevancy measure over the network. The goal is to give an expanded introduction to the method. The authors will demonstrate and describe in sufficient detail that this method can be applied to very diverse problems and applications. They present the method as a general framework. First they will present this method as a very general class of algorithms on large (or very large) so-called multidimensional networks which will serve a mathematical model. Then they will define so-called micro-applications of the method including local search, relationship/association search, polycentric queries, computing of dynamic local ranking, etc. Finally they will present different applications of the method including ontology-based text processing, unsupervised document clustering, collaborative tagging systems, etc.
Role of human noncoding RNAs in the control of tumorigenesis (2009)

Related studies showed that the protein PSF represses proto-oncogene transcription, and VL30-1 RNA, a mouse noncoding retroelement RNA, binds and releases PSF from a proto-oncogene, activating transcription. Here we show that this mechanism regulates tumorigenesis in human cells, with human RNAs replacing VL30-1 RNA. A library of human RNA fragments was used to isolate, by affinity chromatography, 5 noncoding RNA fragments that bind to human PSF (hPSF), releasing hPSF from a proto-oncogene and activating transcription. Each of the 5 RNA fragments maps to a different human gene. The tumorigenic function of the hPSF-binding RNAs was tested in a human melanoma line and mouse fibroblast line, by determining the effect of the RNAs on formation of colonies in agar and tumors in mice. (i) Expressing in human melanoma cells the RNA fragments individually promoted tumorigenicity. (ii) Expressing in human melanoma cells a shRNA, which causes degradation of the endogenous RNA from which an RNA fragment was derived, suppressed tumorigenicity. (iii) Expressing in mouse NIH/3T3 cells the RNA fragments individually resulted in transformation to tumorigenic cells. (iv) A screen of 9 human tumor lines showed that each line expresses high levels of several hPSF-binding RNAs, relative to the levels in human fibroblast cells. We conclude that human hPSF-binding RNAs drive transformation and tumorigenesis by reversing PSF-mediated repression of proto-oncogene transcription and that dysfunctional regulation of human hPSF-binding RNA expression has a central role in the etiology of human cancer.
REVIEWS OF MUSIC (1988)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF MUSIC Get access Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Concerto, for trumpet and five players; Concerto erosso 1985. ( Merion Music, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 1986, £25, Mobart Music, Hillsdale, N.Y., 1986, £25.) [Kalmus] RHIAN SAMUEL RHIAN SAMUEL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 1988, Pages 143–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/69.1.143 Published: 01 January 1988
Labeling of Biocompatible Polymer Microcapsules with Near-Infrared Emitting Nanocrystals (2003)

Microcapsules consisting solely of biocompatible components were prepared in water by a colloidal templating technique on soluble carbonate cores using alginic acid sodium salt, protamine sulfate, dextrane sulfate, and chitosan. These microcapsules, as well as capsules made from synthetic polyelectrolytes, were labeled with water-soluble CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) emitting in the visible and, for the first time, with CdxHg1-xTe or HgTe NCs emitting in the near-IR. The luminescence efficiency of NCs at physiological conditions remained stable for two weeks in the case of CdTe and at least for a month for CdHgTe and dropped by 80% for HgTe because of the shift of the luminescence band outside the water transmission window. Biocompatible microcapsules labeled with CdxHg1-xTe NCs emitting at 750−1200 nm might be of special interest for monitoring the drug delivery processes.
Garbage Collection is Fast, but a Stack is Faster (1994)

Prompted by claims that garbage collection can outperform stack allocation when sufficientphysical memory is available, we present a careful analysis and set of cross-architecture measurements comparing these two approaches for the implementation of continuation (procedure call) frames. When the frames are allocated on a heap they require additional space, increase the amount of data transferred between memory and registers, and, on currentarchitectures, require more instructions. We find that stack allocation of continuation frames outperforms heap allocation in some cases by almost a factor of three. Thus, stacks remain an important implementation technique for procedure calls, even in the presence of an efficient, compacting garbage collector and large amounts of memory. keywords: compilers, garbage collection, storage management, performance evaluation. Copyright c fl Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993 This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory&apos;s artificial intelligence researchisprovided in part bytheAdvanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Researchcontract N00014-89-J-3202. 1
State of the evidence (2015)

Osteoarthritis is a complex, multifactorial disease, and there is still much to learn regarding mechanisms underlying incidence and progression. However, there are several known modifiable and preventable risk factors, including obesity and joint injury; efforts to mitigate these risks can help to lessen the impact of osteoarthritis.
One-pot Synthesis of a Rice-ball-shaped Cyclophane with <i>syn</i>-Diethanoanthracene-fused Dipyrrole and Hexafluorobenzene (2016)

A cyclophane composed of diethanoanthracene (DEA)-fused dipyrrole and tetrafluorobenzene was synthesized by one-pot aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr). Reflecting the fixed angle of DEA-fused dipyrrole, X-ray single-crystal structure analysis of the cyclophane revealed its rice-ball-shaped structure.
Phosphorus Gasification from Sewage Sludge during Carbothermic Reduction (2008)

The gasification process of phosphorus from municipal sewage sludge during carbothermic reduction process was investigated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer gas analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Two types of sludge, with high and low Fe2O3 content, were used to evaluate the possible effect of Fe2O3 on the gasification behavior of phosphorus from sewage sludge during incineration processes. The gas species vaporized during the carbothermic reaction were measured by the quadrupole mass spectrometer with comparison to the ion currents for the respective molecular gas species. From the gas analysis, it was observed that PO and PO2 gas species were dominantly vaporized around 1073 K. Metallic phase phosphorus gas of P2 vaporized in the 1273–1700 K temperature range. The evolution of another metallic phase phosphorus gas of P4 was found to be negligibly small. Fe2O3 in the sludge has an important role in the phosphorus emission from the sludge during carbothermic reduction reaction, since metallic phosphorous gases react with the reduced iron and form Fe–P alloy.
FEED INTAKE AND GROWTH OF CATTLE FED LIQUID BREWER’S YEAST (1979)

Liquid brewer’s yeast containing 10–14% dry matter and 40–50% crude protein (DM basis) was fed as the protein supplement to six pens of four Holstein-Friesian heifer calves by three methods in a double latin square design. Treatments were additions of liquid brewer’s yeast to a corn silage-based ration: A, separate free choice feeding; B, top-dressed on basal ration; or C, mixed with basal ration. Periods were 21 days in duration. Dry matter intake was satisfactory on all treatments but was greater when yeast was fed free choice (A) or mixed (C) than top-dressed (B). Free choice yeast feeding resulted in high intakes of the product and compensatory reduction of basal ration intake. Dry matter and protein content of yeast varied somewhat between shipments from the brewery. In a second trial, four pens of four Hereford steer calves each were fed corn silage and high moisture corn alone or supplemented with liquid brewer’s yeast or soybean meal for a 98-day period. Supplemented diets were consumed in higher amounts and resulted in more rapid gains than in controls. There was no difference between yeast- and soybean-supplemented rations.
Direct Conversion of Heat to Electricity (1961)

The book leans heavily on the work of Sedov and his pupils and as such has the unique flavor of the original.The translation is apparently very good.The reviewer considers it an important contribution to the literature of both applied mathematics and fluid mechanics and a most excellent work.We can only hope that the author will some day have the opportunity of hearing one American scientist say to another "How many phj'sical constants. ..?
Durable mixed allogeneic chimerism and tolerance by a nonlethal radiation-based cytoreductive approach (1996)

For over 40 years, the association between hemopoietic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance for allografts has been recognized. However, toxicity associated with lethal conditioning has prevented the clinical application of bone marrow (BM) chimerism to induce tolerance. We previously demonstrated that engraftment could be achieved with less than total recipient myeloablation (700 cGy) and that the incidence of engraftment correlated with the dose of total body irradiation (TBI). Administration of cyclophosphamide (CyP) on Day +2 reduced the minimum TBI dose sufficient to permit engraftment to 500 cGy. In the current study, addition of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) to the TBI/CyP-based conditioning approach reduced the radiation required for engraftment to < or = 300 cGy. B10 (H-2b) mice conditioned with ALG on day -3, 300 cGy of TBI with transplantation of B10.BR (H-2k) or BALB/c (H-2d) BM on day 0, and CyP on day +2 exhibited evidence of donor chimerism (49.6 +/- 3.7% and 38.2 +/- 2.4%, respectively) in 97% of recipients. ALG eliminated CD4+ and CD8+ cells and decreased NK1.1+ cells in the peripheral circulation at the time of transplantation. Moreover, T and NK cells in the host BM were significantly decreased compared with cells of recipients conditioned with TBI alone. CyP delayed repopulation of host thymocytes, providing time for the establishment of donor chimerism before production of mature T cells. Chimeric animals exhibited stable multilineage chimerism and donor-specific tolerance to skin grafts and in in vitro assays. This model may provide a clinically acceptable approach for the induction of donor-specific transplantation tolerance.
An <i>in situ</i> assessment of the routes and extents of colonisation of the mouse embryo by embryonic stem cells and their descendants (1990)

An embryonic stem (ES) cell line stably expressing lacZ under the control of an endogenous promoter has been isolated and used as a marker to follow the fate of ES cells injected into blastocysts and morulae, before midgestation. The results show a multisite pattern of blastocyst colonization by ES cells deposited into the blastocoel cavity and a low degree of mingling between ES cells and ICM cells. Furthermore, analysis of dispersal of ES cell descendants in postimplantation chimaeric embryos showed that colonization can be highly variable from one region of the embryo to another. In contrast, a high and reproducible degree of chimaerism was obtained when the ES cells were injected at the morula stage prior to ICM formation.
Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin at a bare silver electrode promoted by cetyl pyridinium chloride and its application in analysis (1996)

Abstract The electrochemical redox of hemoglobin at a bare silver electrode promoted by cetyl pyridinium chloride with the cyclic voltammetric technique has been studied. The electrode reaction exhibits such good stability that the peak currents change less than 8.5% (oxidation) and 10.2%(reduction) for a continuing scan of 30 min in a solution containing 1 × 10 −7 mol/L hemoglobin. The electrode reaction rate constant K s is 0.0865s −1 with a single electron transfer. Moreover, both the oxidation currents and the reduction currents are linear with the concentration of hemoglobin over the range of 1 × 10 −8 −5 × 10 −7 mol/L. So, it can be used as an analytical method of determining hemoglobin.
Bismuth in Yttrium Vanadate and Yttrium Europium Vanadate Phosphors (1967)

Activation of rare earth vanadate by ions other than rare earths is successfully attempted in the present investigation. Bi+3 can be incorporated in the and lattice by solid‐state reaction. The phosphor , excited by cathode rays or uv radiation, shows luminescence with a continuous emission band extending from 4000 to 7000Aå and peaking at 5670Aå. Under 2537Aå excitation, the energy is absorbed essentially by Y‐O components of the matrix and transferred to the emission centers (Bi+3). Under 3650Aå excitation, energy absorbed by charge‐transfer processes involving (V‐O) and (Bi‐O) components of the phosphor is transferred to the emission centers (Bi+3). The transmission of energy from the absorption to the emission centers under 2537 and 3650Aå excitations involved a radiationless process. The phosphor can be modified by incorporating Eu+3 in the lattice. , when excited by short‐or long‐wavelength uv radiation, shows emission spectra with sharp Eu+3 emission peaks. Under cathode‐ray or 3650Aå excitation, the Bi+3 emission is gradually quenched when Eu+3 is incorporated in the lattice with a constant level of Bi+3 concentration; on the other hand, under 3650Aå excitation, the Eu+3 emission is enhanced when Bi+3 is incorporated in the lattice with a constant level of Eu+3 concentration. This indicates a radiationless transfer of energy from Bi+3 to Eu+3 under 3650Aå radiation.
[A P300 detection algorithm based on F-score feature selection and support vector machines]. (2008)

How to detect the P300 component in EEG accurately and instantly is a hot problem in the research field of Brain-Computer Interface. In this paper, an algorithm based on F-score feature selection and support vector machines was introduced for P300 detection. Using F-score feature selection method, we reduced input features to overcome the shortcoming of support vector machines in terms of low detection speed, and then implemented the detection of P300 component with support vector machines, which have good classification performance. The algorithm was tested with a P300 dataset from the BCI competition 2003. The results showed that the algorithm achieved an accuracy of 100% in P300 detection within five repetitions, and the detection speed of this algorithm was 2 times higher than that of the traditional support vector machines algorithm without F-score feature selection.
The Role of Protein Kinase C in Transmembrane Signalling (1986)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
<title>Design and fabrication of thin film monolithic uncooled infrared detector arrays</title> (1994)

This paper discusses the design of monolithic thin film thermal detectors, with particular reference to the parameters which influence performance such as thermal conductance. Methods for implementing thermal isolation are described, and critical fabrication technology is outlined. Optional materials technology for thin film resistance bolometers is reviewed, and consideration is given to bias and signal conditioning techniques.
The use of topic segmentation for automatic summarization (2002)

Topic segmentation can be used as a preprocessing step in numerous natural language processing applications. In this short paper, we will discuss how we adapted our segmentation algorithm for automatic summarization.