gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Performance of a Novel Two-Receiver Solar Central Tower System (2019)

A novel idea of using two receivers on the same tower in a solar tower system is introduced and investigated. The idea is to have two receivers at the same tower at different heights and sharing the same heliostat field. The pointing strategy for each heliostat is to pick the receiver that gives the maximum optical efficiency. To investigate this idea, two receivers are placed on the tower, one at the top and one at the midway up the tower. The biomimetic “spiral” distribution scheme is used to design the heliostat field, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to obtain the optimum field shape factors. The model equations for calculating the optical field efficiency are presented and coded using the matlab software. The code is validated against known cases. To quantify the effect of the idea introduced in this paper, a solar field for the 50 MWth solar tower system with a single receiver is designed for Ma'an, Jordan (Ma’an enjoys high values of direct normal irradiance). It is found that the annual weighted optical efficiency for the 50 MWth plant in Ma’an for a single receiver is 67.14%, while it reaches 67.64% using the two-receiver system. Furthermore, the study shows that having two receivers on the same tower could save two heliostats and 11,000 m2 of needed land area to obtain the same power as a single-receiver tower. The economic analysis for this 50 MWth plant shows that savings can be obtained from having an extra receiver on the same tower of the same quality as the main receiver when the specific land area exceeds 65 $/m2.
Neutropenia prevents decrease in strength of rat intestinal anastomosis: partial effect of oxygen free radical scavengers and allopurinol. (1986)

A marked decrease in strength, probably due to local collagenolysis, occurs early after surgery in tissues adjacent to an incisional wound. To examine the role of the neutrophils, antineutrophil serum (ANS) was given to rats before and after a standardized end-to-end ileoileal anastomosis. Preimmune serum (PIS) was given to control rats. The decrease in anastomotic breaking strength, amounting to 55% in the PIS group, did not occur in ANS-treated rats, in which there was a decrease by more than 95% in the number of circulating polymorphonuclear cells. The decrease in tissue strength seems to be partly from oxygen free radicals, since the free radical scavengers superoxygen dismutase (SOD) and catalase prevented approximately 50% of the decrease. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, prevented approximately 30% of the decrease. This is consistent with oxygen free radicals being partly generated by the neutrophils and partly generated after conversion of tissue xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. In contrast to ANS, SOD and catalase were unable to fully prevent the decrease in breaking strength. Therefore some other factor in addition to oxygen free radicals should be involved. One such factor may be the release of collagenolytic proteinases, e.g., elastase and cathepsin G, from the neutrophils.
Androgenetic vs. Gynogenetic Doubled Haploids of Tobacco (1989)

Cultivar development by doubled haploid (DH) methods employing in vitro anther culture has not been highly successful in tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., because of the low yielding ability of DH lines. The objective of this study was to compare DH lines developed from androgenetic and gynogenetic haploid sporophytes from the same parental plants. Single plants from ‘Ky10’, ‘Ky15’, and ‘Kyl7’ were self‐pollinated, crossed with pollen of N. africana Merx. and Buttler, and immature buds were anther cultured. Haploid sporophytes arising from embryo sac nuclei and vegetative nuclei of pollen were chromosome doubled and self‐pollinated. Ten random androgenetic DH lines (ADHs), 10 random gynogenetic DH lines (MDHs), and selfed progenies of the parental plant were assigned to a set, or cultivar family, and grown in three replications in each set in two environments. Data were collected for eight characters. Sixteen second cycle MDH lines were produced from one random first cycle line, Ky 10 MDH 1, and compared with the original Ky 10 parent, a first cycle MDH line composite, and Ky 10 MDH 1. The ADH and MDH lines were significantly different for all characters measured. The MDH lines were agronomically superior to ADH lines and more closely resembled the cultivars. The ADHs and MDHs yielded 79.9% and 91.5%, respectively, of the cultivars. A second cycle of MDH line production resulted in no further yield reduction. A model of heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the parental cultivars could explain the results for yield of the MDH lines; it would not account for differences between ADH and MDH lines.
A Multi-level Contextual Model for Person Recognition in Photo Albums (2016)

In this work, we present a new framework for person recognition in photo albums that exploits contextual cues at multiple levels, spanning individual persons, individual photos, and photo groups. Through experiments, we show that the information available at each of these distinct contextual levels provides complementary cues as to person identities. At the person level, we leverage clothing and body appearance in addition to facial appearance, and to compensate for instances where the faces are not visible. At the photo level we leverage a learned prior on the joint distribution of identities on the same photo to guide the identity assignments. Going beyond a single photo, we are able to infer natural groupings of photos with shared context in an unsupervised manner. By exploiting this shared contextual information, we are able to reduce the identity search space and exploit higher intra-personal appearance consistency within photo groups. Our new framework enables efficient use of these complementary multi-level contextual cues to improve overall recognition rates on the photo album person recognition task, as demonstrated through state-of-theart results on a challenging public dataset. Our results outperform competing methods by a significant margin, while being computationally efficient and practical in a real world application.
Saflufenacil (Kixor™): Biokinetic Properties and Mechanism of Selectivity of a New Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicide (2011)

Saflufenacil (Kixor™) is a new protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibiting herbicide for preplant burndown and selective PRE dicot weed control in multiple crops, including corn. The biokinetic properties and the mechanism of selectivity of saflufenacil in corn, black nightshade, and tall morningglory were investigated. After root treatment of plants at the third-leaf stage, the difference in the phytotoxic selectivity of saflufenacil in corn and the weed species has been quantified as approximately 10-fold. The plant species showed similar selectivity after foliar applications; the plant response to saflufenacil was approximately 100-fold more sensitive compared with a root application. PPO enzyme activity in vitro was inhibited by saflufenacil, a 50% inhibition lay in a concentration range from 0.2 to 2.0 nM, with no clear differences between corn and the weed species. Treatments of light-grown plants and dark-grown seedlings with [ 14 C]saflufenacil revealed that the herbicide is rapidly absorbed by root and shoot tissue. The [ 14 C]saflufenacil was distributed within the plant systemically by acropetal and basipetal movement. Systemic [ 14 C]saflufenacil distribution can be explained by the weak acid character of saflufenacil and its metabolic stability in black nightshade and tall morningglory. Metabolism of [ 14 C]saflufenacil in corn was more rapid than in the weeds. In addition, low translocation of root-absorbed [ 14 C]saflufenacil in the corn shoot was observed. It is concluded that rapid metabolism, combined with a low root translocation, support PRE selectivity of saflufenacil in corn.
IG20, a MADD splice variant, increases cell susceptibility to gamma-irradiation and induces soluble mediators that suppress tumor cell growth. (2003)

The IG20 gene encodes at least four splice variants, including DENN-SV and IG20. DENN-SV is constitutively expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues. Cells transfected with the DENN-SV cDNA show increased resistance to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), etoposide, and vinblastine treatment, whereas overexpression of IG20 enhanced susceptibility to both intrinsic (drugs) and extrinsic (e.g., TNFalpha and TRAIL) death signals. In this study, we investigated whether expression of the IG20 can render cells susceptible to gamma-irradiation. Consistent with previous results, overexpression of DENN-SV and IG20 in HeLa cells conferred resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to the effects of gamma-irradiation. HeLa IG20 cell susceptibility was attributable to enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell growth. This growth suppression was mediated by secreted soluble factors. Although HeLa DENN-SV cells grew more rapidly than control cells, replenishment with conditioned media from HeLa IG20 cells suppressed their growth. In addition, the conditioned media from HeLa IG20 cells stopped the growth of ovarian PA-1 cancer cells in the G(1)-G(0) cell cycle stage. Among an array of cytokines tested, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was found at the highest levels in HeLa IG20 culture supernatants, and IL-6 neutralization showed that it was, in part, responsible for the cell growth suppression. HeLa IG20 cells had elevated basal nuclear factor kappaB levels, a known regulator of IL-6 transcription. Finally, IG20 overexpression enhanced the combined apoptotic effects of TRAIL and gamma-irradiation on HeLa cells. These results suggest that understanding further the mechanism of action of the IG20 splice variant may help in the advancement of cancer therapies.
A Casualty in the Class War: Canada's Medicare (2012)

"There's class warfare, all right, but it's my class, the rich class, that's making war, and we're winning." (Warren Buffett, five years ago.) Last year's Occupy Wall Street movement suggested that people are finally catching on. Note, making war: Buffett meant that there was deliberate intent and agency behind the huge transfer of wealth, since 1980, from the 99% to the 1%. Nor is the war metaphorical. There are real casualties, even if no body bags. Sadly, much Canadian commentary on inequality is pitiably naïve or deliberately obfuscatory. The 1% have captured national governments. The astronomical cost of American elections excludes the 99%. In Canada, parliamentary government permits one man to rule as a de facto dictator. The 1% don't like medicare.
Interaction of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid variants with 70K heat-shock proteins (1990)

Cytoplasmic nucleocapsid (NC) isolated from Vero (V) cells infected in the logarithmic phase of growth with Onderstepoort canine distemper virus consists of light-NC (L-NC) and dense-NC (D-NC), encapsidating full-length genomic RNA, and defective-NC (Df-NC), encapsidating variably truncated RNAs. The 70K host cell protein constituent of L-NC and Df-NC was shown to be a member of the 70K heat-shock protein (70K hsp) family. Specifically, 72K hsp is associated with L-NC, and 72K and 73K hsp are associated with Df-NC. Variable L-NC production by three different Vero cell sublines was compared to cellular 70K hsp levels. V141 supported the highest level of L-NC production and expressed high basal levels of 70K hsp in uninfected cells. These high basal levels correspond to a large distribution of log phase V141s in the S phase of the cell cycle. V138-L and V138-H cells produced lower amounts of L-NC and exhibited similar low basal levels of 70K hsp expression, corresponding to low percentages of log phase cells in the S phase cell cycle compartment. Heat shock was effective in inducing L-NC expression in V138-H, which otherwise produced D-NC. Similar cell subline differences in L-NC production were obtained for eight different virus pools derived from the same plaque-purified parental stock. Enhanced biological activity was associated with L-NC based on correlation between L-NC production, viral titre, and plaque areas measured over infected cells.
Timing characterization of dual-edge triggered flip-flops (2002)

A novel timing characterization for dual-edge triggered flip-flops is presented. This characterization takes into account the real overhead taken from the clock cycle by the flip-flops. Our study shows the correctness of these new metrics when compared against data-to-output delay. An example of the proposed delay characterization and comparison with conventional (data-to-output) metrics for dual-edge flip-flop design is given.
Entrainment of Respiration in Humans by Periodic Lung Inflations: Effect of State and CO2 (1999)

Lack of synchrony between a patient and the mechanical ventilator occurs when the respiratory rhythm of the patient fails to entrain to machine inflations. Entrainment implies a resetting of the respiratory rhythm such that a fixed temporal relationship exists between the onset of inspiratory activity and the onset of a mechanical breath. We examined the entrainment response to mechanical ventilation of normal humans over a range of machine rates during wakefulness and during isocapnic and hypercapnic NREM sleep. Wakefulness facilitated 1:1 entrainment of the respiratory rhythm to the mechanical ventilator over a wider range of machine frequencies than during NREM sleep (p < 0.001); isocapnic and hypercapnic conditions did not differ (p = 0.95). To evaluate the Hering-Breuer reflexes in the resetting of the respiratory rhythm during sleep, we examined changes in neural inspiratory time (TI) as the relationship between inspiratory efforts and onset of machine inflations changed. As inspiratory efforts extended into the machine inflation cycle, neural TI shortened. We conclude that entrainment responses of normal humans to mechanical ventilation differ depending on state, but mild increases in respiratory drive caused by CO(2) stimulation do not affect these entrainment responses. Furthermore, the changes in neural TI are consistent with observations in animal studies in which Hering-Breuer reflexes mediated entrainment.
A Free‐Running DNA Motor Powered by a Nicking Enzyme (2005)

DNA bricht die Brücken hinter sich ab: Den Antrieb für einen unidirektionalen molekularen Motor, der eine Oligonucleotid-Fracht entlang einer selbstorganisierten Bahn bewegt, liefert die Hydrolyse des Phosphodiesterrückgrats durch eine Restriktionsendonuclease (siehe Schema). Die vom Enzym verursachten Schäden an der Bahn verhindern, dass sich die Last rückwärts bewegt, was dem System eine Richtung auferlegt.
Production of Polymer Nanosuspensions Using Microfluidizer® Processor Based Technologies (2008)

Polymer nanoparticles are often used for controlled drug delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Microfluidizer® Processor based technologies offer two options for production of polymer nanoparticles. The first is an emulsion method, which involves dissolving the polymer and API in the oil phase of an emulsion and then subsequent removal of the oil. The second is a precipitation method, in which the polymer and API are dissolved in a solvent and then forced to precipitate inside the high shear mixing zone when mixed with an antisolvent. These methods are compatible with a wide variety of polymer/API systems. The focus of this work is to identify the effects of varying key parameters such as process pressure, relative flow rates of the streams, and formulation on the particle size distribution. This article showcases polymer nanosuspensions in the range of 50-500 nm that were prepared with two different polymers, using both techniques. Furthermore, these tests indicate that an API was successfully encapsulated within the nanoparticles.
Electronic transport in carbon nanotubes: Diffusive and localized regimes (2008)

A fully self-consistent analysis of Boltzmann's equations for electrons and phonons is used to study how the resistance of single-walled carbon nanotubes evolves as a function of its length. We demonstrate that the population of hot optical phonons controls the electronic transport of short nanotubes, whereas acoustical phonons take the leading role when the nanotube is very long. In this limit of long tubes, we also analyze the interplay between the diffusive and localized transport regimes when the electron mean-free path and the localization length due to impurities are comparable.
Production of chimeras by blastocyst and morula injection of targeted ES cells (1999)

The ability of mammalian embryos to incorporate foreign cells and develop as chimeras has been exploited for a variety of purposes including the elucidation of cell lineages, the investigation of cell potential, the perpetuation of mutations produced in embryonic stem (ES) cells by gene targeting, and the subsequent analysis of these mutations. The extent of contribution of the foreign cells depends on their developmental synchrony with the host embryo and their mitotic and developmental potential, which may be severely restricted if the cells bear mutations. If the goal in making chimeras is the transmission of a mutation produced by gene targeting to the next generation, the mutant ES cells must have the capacity to undergo meiosis and gametogenesis. Cells from two different mammalian embryos were first combined experimentally to produce a composite animal, dubbed a chimera, nearly four decades ago. Pairs of cleaving, pre-implantation embryos were mechanically associated in vitro until they aggregated together to make single large morulae; these in turn resulted in chimeric offspring (1). Genetic markers were used to distinguish the contributions of the two embryos in these animals. Since then, various methods for making chimeras have been explored to address different types of questions (2). In 1972 it was reported that highly asynchronous embryonic cells, which had been cultured in vitro, could contribute to chimeras upon re-introduction into pre-implantation embryos (3). Not long afterward, several groups working with teratocarcinomas, tumours derived from germ cells of the gonad, discovered that stem cells from these tumours, known as embryonal carcinoma cells, could contribute to an embryo if introduced into pre-implantation stages (4-6). It appeared that the undifferentiated stem cells of the tumour had enough features in common with early embryonic cells that they could respond to the embryonic environment, differentiating in a normal manner, even after long periods in vitro. Their embryonic potential was limited, however, and many teratocarcinoma cell lines made only meagre contributions to the developing fetus or even produced tumours in chimeras (7). Either their derivation from tumours or their extended sojourn in vitro rendered these cells so dissimilar from early embryonic cells that they rarely, if ever, had full embryonic potential.
Studies on silicon rich USY zeolite modified by phosphorus (2000)

Ultrastable Y zeolite with rich silicon was modified with phosphorus.The shrink of UCS is easier under the hydrothermal processing conditions,and the hydrothermal stability is improved compared with the conventional silicon rich USY.The acidity of the zeolite is changed from strong acid centers to medium strong acid ones.The commercial running results with the zeolite the an active component showed that the catalyst has good coke selectivity with higher yield on middle distillate products.
Product Reliability, In-Service Experience, and Lessons Learned (2001)

Abstract This article provides non-proprietary and non-competition-sensitive information related to aircraft applications. It presents an overview of reliability and commonly used measurements. Failure modes that cause the negative performance are reviewed based on many types of sources. These include manufacturer service bulletins, reliability and customer service departments, literature reviews, demonstration programs, in-service evaluations, design guides, and surveys of commercial and military aircraft maintenance organizations. The article also describes lessons learned while attempting to avoid overlapping maintainability, reparability, and materials choice.
Aluminum Tralen Complex Meditated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate (2020)

The Al<sup>III</sup>(tralen)Cl complex (tralenH<sub>2</sub> = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-di(cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one-2-yl)-1,2-diaminobenzene) has been synthesized and applied to mediate the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of vinyl monomers. The polymerization of unconjugated monomers such as vinyl acetate (VAc) and <i>N</i>-vinylpyrrolidone (<i>N</i>VP) with Al<sup>III</sup>(tralen)Cl showed the living characters of linearly increased molecular weight with conversion and formation of block copolymer. However, the control manners in the polymerization of conjugated monomers like acrylates and styrene were limited. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum indicated that Al<sup>III</sup>(tralen)BArF (BArF = tetrakis(3,5-trifluormethylphenyl)borate) and propagating radicals formed a paramagnetic dormant species, possibly PVAc-Al<sup>III</sup>(tralen)BArF, via the single-electron transfer to the tralen ligand.
Surfactant Protein D Stimulates Phagocytosis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Alveolar Macrophages (1999)

Surfactant protein (SP)-D is an oligomeric glycoprotein belonging to the family of collagen-like lectins known as collectins, which have previously been shown to stimulate phagocytosis and other immune cell functions. The hypothesis investigated in this study was that SP-D would stimulate the phagocytosis of an important pulmonary pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SP-D, isolated from the lavage fluid of silica-treated rats, significantly enhanced the uptake of three of six strains of P. aeruginosa by rat alveolar macrophages as analyzed by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. SP-D had only minimal effects on phagocytosis of Haemophilus influenzae. SP-D bound to live P. aeruginosa, and binding was inhibited by chelation of calcium and by a competing saccharide, inositol. In vitro killing assays demonstrated that macrophage-mediated killing of one of the mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa was modestly enhanced by SP-D. P. aeruginosa was not measurably aggregated by SP-D either macroscopically or microscopically. Further, SP-D does not appear to act as an activation ligand because adherence of macrophages to SP-D- coated slides did not stimulate the uptake of P. aeruginosa. These findings suggest that SP-D may be important in controlling the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in the lung.