gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Map-based cloning of a gene sequence encoding a nucleotide-binding domain and a leucine-rich region at the <i>Cre3</i> nematode resistance locus of wheat (1997)

The Cre3 gene confers a high level of resistance to the root endoparasitic nematode Heterodera avenae in wheat. A DNA marker cosegregating with H. avenae resistance was used as an entry point for map-based cloning of a disease resistance gene family at the Cre3 locus. Two related gene sequences have been analysed at the Cre3 locus. One, identified as a cDNA clone, encodes a polypeptide with a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a leucine-rich region; this member of the disease resistance gene family is expressed in roots. A second Cre3 gene sequence, cloned as genomic DNA, appears to be a pseudogene, with a frame shift caused by a deletion event. These two genes, related to members of the cytoplasmic NBS-leucine rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes were physically mapped to the distal 0.06 fragment of the long arm of wheat chromosome 2D and cosegregated with nematode resistance.
RANKL is a Marker and Mediator of Local and Systemic Bone Loss in Two Rat Models of Inflammatory Arthritis (2005)

RANKL protein is significantly increased both locally and systemically during the earliest stages of inflammatory arthritis in rats, suggesting that serum RANKL might have prognostic value for bone erosions and systemic osteopenia in this condition. RANKL inhibition through OPG prevented local and systemic bone loss in these arthritis models, suggesting that RANKL inhibition is a promising new approach for treating bone loss in arthritis.
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Synaptic Vesicle Protein Expression and the Developmental Control of Synaptic Vesicle Formation (1997)

The regulated expression of synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins during development and the assembly of these proteins into functional SVs are critical aspects of nervous system maturation. We have examined the expression patterns of four SV proteins in embryonic hippocampal neurons developing in culture and have found that increases in the levels of these proteins result primarily from post-transcriptional regulation. Synaptotagmin I, vamp 2, and synapsin I proteins are synthesized at nearly constant rates as the neurons develop. However, these proteins are relatively unstable at early times in culture and undergo a progressive increase in half-life with time, possibly as a result of an increase in the efficiency with which they are incorporated into SVs. In contrast, synaptophysin is synthesized at a very low rate at early times in culture, and its rate of synthesis increases dramatically with time. The increase in synaptophysin synthesis is not simply the result of an increase in mRNA level, but is largely attributable to an increase in the rate of translational initiation. Despite the nearly constant rates of synthesis of synaptotagmin I, vamp 2, and synapsin I, we show that the number of SVs in these developing neurons increases, and that SV proteins are more efficiently targeted to SVs at later times in culture. Our results suggest that SV production during development is not limited by the rates of transcription of genes encoding the component proteins, thus allowing control of this process by cytoplasmic mechanisms, without signaling to the nucleus.
<title>Chemical composition of TiNxOy solar selective absorbers</title> (1992)

TiNxOy films were prepared by activated reactive evaporation (ARE) on copper to produce a tandem solar absorber exhibiting a low emissivity (epsilon) (250 degree(s)C) 2/PO2) gas pressure ratios, show that maximum (epsilon) is obtained when the ratio PN2/PO2 is held approximately equals eight. The chemical composition of these TiNxOy films was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and related to solar selective properties. The investigated samples consist of about 38 - 42 atomic % titanium, 35 - 37 at% oxygen and 21 - 23 at% nitrogen (bulk values), depending on preparation conditions. A depth profile indicates an oxygen enrichment at the surface, partially due to the exposure of the samples to atmosphere. After sputtering the photoelectron spectra show a marked peak at the TiO and TiN positions and a weaker one at the TiO2 position. Therefore, with regard to the known composition, the film is mainly a TiO(-N) compound with a small admixture of TiO2. The surface layer is almost entirely consisting of TiO2. Additionally, there might also be a small amount of TiC (3 at% carbon impurity was detected).
Sub-band ADPCM coding for high quality audio signals (2003)

Some investigations are presented on subband ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse-code modulation) algorithms, for the coding of medium or high quality sound signals. This technique combines subband coding with a low number of subbands and ADPCM in each subband. Noise shaping is introduced for substantially improving the subjective quality. The study shows that a 120-kb/s high-quality 15-kHz sound coder can be obtained using this technique. Its complexity allows its implementation on commercially available 16 bit DSP chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theory and practice: A two-channel automotive radar for three-dimensional object detection (2015)

A two-channel automotive Doppler radar for three-dimensional, including azimuth, elevation, and range, object detection has been designed. In order to achieve both high quality AEB performance and low cost, two separate RX-systems (mid-range and short-range) and two TX-antenna arrays oppositely squinted in elevation and separated by half of the operating frequency wavelength along the y-axis, are arranged carefully on a 4-layer RF-PCB. The radar operates in two frequency bands: 24.00 ~ 24.25GHz ISM band and 24.25 ~ 25.65GHz UWB band. A statistical algorithm is applied to determine target elevation.
Critically Reading the Word and the World: Building Intercultural Understanding through Literature (2009)

This collaborative project involves teachers in a small public elementary school in Tucson, Arizona in the USA. They examine the pedagogical issues and strategies involved in integrating international literature into the curriculum beyond a “tourist” approach, encouraging close critical reading in developing children’s understandings of culture and the world.
Performance-driven facial animation (2006)

As computer graphics technique rises to the challenge of rendering lifelike performers, more lifelike performance is required. The techniques used to animate robots, arthropods, and suits of armor, have been extended to flexible surfaces of fur and flesh. Physical models of muscle and skin have been devised. But more complex databases and sophisticated physical modeling do not directly address the performance problem. The gestures and expressions of a human actor are not the solution to a dynamic system. This paper describes a means of acquiring the expressions of real faces, and applying them to computer-generated faces. Such an "electronic mask" offers a means for the traditional talents of actors to be flexibly incorporated in digital animations. Efforts in a similar spirit have resulted in servo-controlled "animatrons," hightechnology puppets, and CG puppetry [1]. The manner in which the skills of actors and puppetteers as well as animators are accommodated in such systems may point the way for a more general incorporation of human nuance into our emerging computer media.The ensuing description is divided into two major subjects: the construction of a highly-resolved human head model with photographic texture mapping, and the concept demonstration of a system to animate this model by tracking and applying the expressions of a human performer
Ontology of Transportation Networks (2005)

This deliverable consists of three main parts. The first part is a comprehensive survey on standardisation efforts for geographic information. The second part contains a description of the Geographic Data Files (GDF) standard. This is an ISO specification of how to store geographic information for intelligent transport systems. The structures in GDF, although primarily developed for storing data, are already a sophisticated ontology for transport networks. They are, however, still described on paper, and not with a formal system for representing ontologies. Therefore we turned the more informal description of the GDF ontology in a formal OWL-based ontology. The result is OTN, an Ontology for Transportation Systems. OTN is very similar to GDF, with some extras. It is described informally in the third part of this deliverable. The precise technical details of OTN can be obtained online at
Allostery: An Overview of Its History, Concepts, Methods, and Applications (2016)

The concept of allostery has evolved in the past century. In this Editorial, we briefly overview the history of allostery, from the pre-allostery nomenclature era starting with the Bohr effect (1904) to the birth of allostery by Monod and Jacob (1961). We describe the evolution of the allostery concept, from a conformational change in a two-state model (1965, 1966) to dynamic allostery in the ensemble model (1999); from multi-subunit (1965) proteins to all proteins (2004). We highlight the current available methods to study allostery and their applications in studies of conformational mechanisms, disease, and allosteric drug discovery. We outline the challenges and future directions that we foresee. Altogether, this Editorial narrates the history of this fundamental concept in the life sciences, its significance, methodologies to detect and predict it, and its application in a broad range of living systems.
Sr3(Al0.36Ga0.64)2O6 - a new Strontium Aluminum Gallate (2000)

The new compound Sr3(Al0.36Ga0.64)2O6 has been synthesized and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The material crystallizes in the cubic space group Pa-3 (No. 205) with Z = 24 and a lattice constant a = 16.0195(12)Å. The structure is isotypic with Ca3Al2O6 and is characterized by isolated, highly puckered, six-membered (Al,Ga)O6 rings. The rings are linked by strontium cations which are coordinated by 6 to 9 oxygen ligands. Alternatively, the structure can be regarded as an example for a defect ABO3-perovskite with 12.5% vacancies in the A-sublattice and 25% oxygen vacancies.
Relaxor ferroelectric transducers (2002)

Novel ultrasonic transducers whose sensitivity can be controlled with a DC bias field have been developed by utilizing relaxor ferroelectrics as a transducer material in place of conventional piezoelectrics. Relaxor ferroelectrics have a large bias-field-induced piezoelectricity as well as a giant electrostrictive effect due to their extremely large dielectric constant ( approximately 10/sup 4/). Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ (PMN) is a typical relaxor ferroelectric having a diffuse phase transition at around 0 degrees C. The addition of 9 mol.% of PbTiO/sub 3/ to the PMN is found to produce a transducer material whose electromechanical coupling factor for the thickness mode is comparable to that of PZT ceramics for a practical DC bias field. It is suggested that the application of recent piezoceramic/polymer composite technology to this relaxor ferroelectric transducer can play an important role in developing two-dimensional arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Afpaaigedrag van de Europese Paling (Anguilla Anguilla L.) in het aquarium (2002)

Kunstmatige maturatie is het tot voortplanting brengen van de paling door middel van hormooninjecties. De meest gangbare technieken om larven te krijgen is het op het juiste moment afstrijken van de ouderdieren en de geslachtsproducten vervolgens te mengen. In deze studie worden de verschillende gedragscomponenten van afpaaigedrag beschreven
Reduced Image Noise at Low-Dose Multidetector CT of the Abdomen with Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing Algorithm (2011)

Application of PICCS to standard FBP low-dose multidetector CT abdominal images results in substantial noise reduction and improved image quality.
Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Purification Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Amphiphiles in Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (2004)

We present a methodology to perform sequence-specific separations of oligonucleotides using peptide nucleic acids covalently linked to alkane chains, or "PNA amphiphiles (PNAAs)". The PNAA/DNA duplexes are discriminated from unbound DNA using hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a phenyl-substituted Sepharose column. Nearly quantitative recovery is achieved at concentrations of 50 microM after incubation of oligomers with a stoichiometric amount of PNAA for 1 min or so. The method exhibits high sequence specificity, selectivity, and resolution when applied to mixtures of various oligomers up to 60 base pairs in length.
Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by bacterial genome analysis - a gene cluster encoding a unique Enzyme I and the proteins of a fructose-like permease system (1995)

Previous publications have demonstrated the presence of a cryptic gene encoding a novel Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Recent Escherichia coli genome sequencing revealed a gene (ptsA) encoding a new Enzyme I homologue in the 89.1-89.3 centisome region. We have analysed this region, and here describe and characterize open reading frames (ORFs) encoding (1) a fused PTS Enzyme I-IIAFru homologue, (2) a glycerol dehydrogenase, (3) a transaldolase homologue, (4) two PTS IIBFru homologues, (5) a PTS IICFru homologue, and (6) homologues of pyruvate formate-lyase and its activating enzyme. Binary comparison scores, multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees establish the families of proteins to which each of the relevant ORFs belong. Identification of the putative products of this gene cluster leads to the proposal that several of the proteins encoded in this region function in anaerobic carbon metabolism.
Chlorofluoropropanes (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorofluoropropanesE. T. McBee, Albert L. Henne, H. B. Hass, and Norman ElmoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3340–3341Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01869a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Source wavelet and its angular spectrum from plane-wave seismograms (1990)

Abstract In a typical seismic experiment (land or marine), the generated source wavelet is either unknown, or known only approximately. In order to solve many geophysical problems, an accurate wavelet estimation is crucial. This paper demonstrates a fast numerical algorithm which allows not only estimating the source wavelet but also its angular spectrum (radiation pattern) from plane-wave decomposed seismograms. Surprisingly, literature on this subject is virtually missing, although a nonuniform angular spectrum of the generated wavelet can substantially affect the recorded data.The technique presented here is based on the downward continuation (DC) and reverse-time extrapolation (RTE) of the recorded data (both pressure and its vertical derivative). The proposed method is iterative: The rate of convergence does not depend on phase characteristics of the generated wavelet. We demonstrate that both the wavelet signature and its angular spectrum can be estimated accurately from plane-wave seismograms. We also illustrate the technique on a variety of wavelets with different amplitude/phase characteristics.
Noncovalent DNA decorations of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide toward water-soluble metal–carbon hybrid nanostructuresviaself-assembly (2009)

Non-covalent DNA decorations on the basal planes of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets are realized. The resulting DNA–carbon bioconjugates (DNA–GO or DNA–RGO) bearing multiple thiol groups tagged on DNA strands are then employed to scaffold the two-dimensional self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into metal–carbon hybrid nanostructures (namely AuNP–DNA–GO or AuNP–DNA–RGO) that may find important applications in various aspects. The resulting heteronanostructures incorporating metal nanoparticles obtained by self-assembly are highly stable and water-soluble, and can be easily isolated by gel electrophoresis to guarantee high purity. Thanks to the noncovalent features of this method, either GO or RGO do not suffer from any permanent alterations of their structures and properties. In addition, the nanoparticles still maintain their optical absorbance after being assembled, and the assembly process is highly specific. This self-assembly based method for constructing heterostructured materials is excellent at overcoming any incompatibilities between nanoparticle syntheses and the formation of hybrid structures. As a result, this strategy is easily adaptable to various other materials other than gold nanoparticles and also favors the combinatorial assembly of multiple nanophases on a single nanosheet.
Truncation of tau at E391 Promotes Early Pathologic Changes in Transgenic Mice (2011)

Proteolytic cleavage of tau at glutamic acid 391 (E391) is linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). This C-terminal-truncated tau species exists in neurofibrillary tangles and abnormal neurites in the brains of AD patients and may potentiate tau polymerization. We generated a mouse model that expresses human tau truncated at E391 to begin to elucidate the role of this C-terminal-truncated tau species in the development of tau pathology. Our results show that truncated but otherwise wild-type human tau is sufficient to drive pretangle pathologic changes in tau, including accumulation of insoluble tau, somatodendritic redistribution, formation of pathologic conformations, and dual phosphorylation of tau at sites associated with AD pathology. In addition, these mice exhibit atypical neuritic tau immunoreactivity, including abnormal neuritic processes and dystrophic neurites. These results suggest that changes in tau proteolysis can initiate tauopathy.
Evaluation of Multiplex Flow Cytometric Opsonophagocytic Assays for Determination of Functional Anticapsular Antibodies to <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2006)

ABSTRACT The determination of functional antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies by sequential testing of pre- and postvaccination serum samples one serotype at a time is sample-intensive and time-consuming and has a relatively low throughput. We tested several opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) formats, including the reference killing method, a monovalent bacterium-based flow method, a trivalent bacterium-based flow method, and a tetravalent bead-based flow method using a panel of sera (4 prevaccination and 16 postvaccination, from healthy adults immunized with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). The trivalent and tetravalent methods allow simultaneous measurements of opsonic antibodies to multiple pneumococcal serotypes. The trivalent bacterial-flow OPA had significant correlation to the reference OPA method and to a previously published flow cytometric OPA ( r values ranged from 0.61 to 0.91, P < 0.05) for serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. The tetravalent OPA had significant correlation to all OPA method formats tested ( r values from 0.68 to 0.92, P < 0.05) for all seven serotypes tested. This tetravalent OPA is an alternative to other OPA methods for use during vaccine evaluation and clinical trials. Further, the flow cytometric multiplex OPA format has the potential for expansion beyond the current four serotypes to eight or more serotypes, which would further increase relative sample throughput while reducing reagent and sample volumes used.
Continuously adaptive linear predictive coding of speech (2003)

A continuously adaptive approach to speech encoding is presented. In contrast with other adaptation methods, it provides reliable modeling of the transition between two phonemes, and, unlike the usual block-stationary techniques, it eliminates the need to detect these transitions. Continuously adaptive linear predictive coding takes into account the inherent nonstationarity of the speech signal by using the expected minimum rate of change of the model parameters as a constraint in the recursive estimation of these parameters. The criterion considered is a constrained-least-squares cost functional which incorporates with equal weight all instantaneous errors up to the time of observation. An appropriate algorithm is given, and simulations are presented to illustrate the basic cost-performance tradeoffs involved in the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Who are these Afros who are so pessimistic (2005)

This edition of Review takes its theme from the recent Highway Africa conference in Grahamstown, which in turn has been focusing its conferences, research and news agency reporting on the debates emanating from the World Summit on the Information Society processes for the last two years.
Immediate Early and Early Lytic Cycle Proteins Are Frequent Targets of the Epstein-Barr Virus–induced Cytotoxic T Cell Response (1997)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gamma-herpesvirus, can establish both nonproductive (latent) and productive (lytic) infections. Although the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to latently infected cells is well characterized, very little is known about T cell controls over lytic infection; this imbalance in our understanding belies the importance of virus-replicative lesions in several aspects of EBV disease pathogenesis. The present work shows that the primary CD8+ CTL response to EBV in infectious mononucleosis patients contains multiple lytic antigen-specific reactivities at levels at least as high as those seen against latent antigens; similar reactivities are also detectable in CTL memory. Clonal analysis revealed individual responses to the two immediate early proteins BZLF1 and BRLF1, and to three (BMLF1, BMRF1, and BALF2) of the six early proteins tested. In several cases, the peptide epitope and HLA-restricting determinant recognized by these CTLs has been defined, one unusual feature being the number of responses restricted through HLA-C alleles. The work strongly suggests that EBV-replicative lesions are subject to direct CTL control in vivo and that immediate early and early proteins are frequently the immunodominant targets. This contrasts with findings in alpha- and beta-herpesvirus systems (herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus) where viral interference with the antigen-processing pathway during lytic infection renders immediate early and early proteins much less immunogenic. The unique capacity of gamma-herpesvirus to amplify the viral load in vivo through a latent growth-transforming infection may have rendered these agents less dependent upon viral replication as a means of successfully colonizing their hosts.