gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bi-color and dual-band HgCdTe infrared focal plane arrays at Defir (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to present the latest developments in Defir (LETI / Sofradir joint laboratory) in the field of bi-color and dual band infrared focal plane arrays (FPA) made with HgCdTe. The npn structure is achieved using the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique, planar ion implantation, and both dry and wet etching steps. This back to back diode architecture that allows a perfect spatial coherence with a high field factor and large quantum efficiencies needs only one indium bump connection per pixel. This makes it possible to achieve small pitches (below 25μm) and opens the way to the fabrication of large FPAs (TV/4 to TV) with reasonable wafer sizes. In this paper we present electro optical characterizations of 256x256 prototypes fabricated in Defir operating in two MWIR bands (3.1 and 5μm) with a pitch of 25μm that exhibit background limited performances together with a very high operability (above 99.9%) and NEDT below 22mK for integration time of only 0.5ms. In parallel an industrial product soon available from Sofradir has been developed with a 320x256 format and with a 30μm pitch operating in the same bands. This product exhibits the same operability and NETD as low as 15mK for an integration time as short as 1 ms. Finally, last results regarding 256x256 prototypes operating in MWIR/LWIR bands are presented, together with preliminary APD operating mode for the MWIR photodiodes of this last dual band detector.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL WIND IN URBAN AREA AND ITS EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS Report No.8 : Convective Heat Transfer on External Surface of Building Walls exposed to Natural Wind (1972)

The results of the field measurements on the convection heat-transfer on the outside surface of two buildings in the built-up area are described in comparison with the case studied in the open field as in the preceding paper. The method and instrumentation of measurements are the same as used in the previous case; the relationships among the wind speed above the roof, air flow velocity near the surface and the convection heat-transfer coefficient turned out generally the same as obtained from the preceding experiments as shown in Fig. 4.3 through 4.12. It could be inferred that the air flow velocity near the surface beconsidered as the primary factor affecting the convection heat-transfer coefficient on the outside surface of the building. Some minor different characteristics were found with regard to the building shape, the degree of indention of building surfaces and the relative surface position in the entire wall. Being uncertain in this stage, however, these effects might be represented by the turbulence intensity of the air velocity near the surface as the secondary parameter, as the convection heat-transfer coefficient seems to decrease slightly with the increase of turbulence intensity as shown in Fig. 4.13. Fig. 5.3 shows that the relationship between the convection heat-transfer coefficient and the velocity of the air near the actual surface that behaves with irregular motion would be quite different with the one obtained from the conventional wind tunnel experiments where the air flow is parallel to the surface.
Kinetics of the HDN of Quinoline under Vapor-Phase Conditions (2003)

Four extended runs, employing a CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst or a NiMoP/Al2O3 catalyst, were made with quinoline or decahydroquinoline as the feed to determine the kinetics of the vapor-phase hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of quinoline at 613 K and 3.4 MPa. The data indicated appreciable inhibition of HDN by N-containing intermediates. Langmuir−Hinshelwood rate equations of the HDN network were used to fit the experimental data. It was necessary, first, to subdivide the network into smaller groups of certain species to obtain reasonable parameter values, which were then employed as estimates in the complete network. Three different types of active sites were required to achieve satisfactory fits to the data. It was found that an additional reaction path was also needed in the case of the CoMo catalyst that is not included in the usual HDN network. Propylbenzene was a minor product and was formed mainly from the dehydrogenation of propylcyclohexene. The CoMo catalyst was more active than the NiMo catalyst for the HDN of quinoline.
Simulation of photonic devices-L-band amplifier (2002)

With the help of a photonic transmission design suite (PTDS) tool I will demonstrate the advantage of using L-band amplifiers especially for long-haul terrestrial or submarine DWDM systems in which thousands of amplifiers might be needed in a single transmission link. This is due to the exceptional features that are permitted in a cascade configuration such as a very flat gain. I will show that an L-band amplifier doesn't require a gain-flattening filter (GFF) compared to C-band amplifiers which do.
Time evolution of the space-charge sheath in an rf hollow cathode (2008)

We have earlier shown that the inclusion of secondary and fast electrons, in addition to slow, thermalised electrons, give a wider space-charge sheath than with just slow electrons in an atmospheric pressure radio frequency hollow cathode. In this work we extend the previous work by including collisions between ions and neutrals by considering the motion of the ions to be mobility limited. To account for the slow and the fast electrons observed in hollow cathodes, we include two groups of Boltzmann dristributed electrons with different temperatures. In addition, we include secondary electrons created at the electrode surface. We look at the time evolution of the potential in the sheath and we also compare the sheath structures for atmospheric and low gas pressures.
Long-term myelopoietic cultures from the renal hematopoietic tissue of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss W.: phenotypic characterization of the stromal cells. (1993)

This study describes the conditions for the long-term culture of the renal hematopoietic tissue of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, the characterization of the stromal cells, and their relationships with myelopoietic cells. The long-term cultures consisted of stromal cells, which supported active myelopoiesis. Stromal cells were analyzed by enzyme-cytochemical techniques and electron microscopy. Major stromal cell types in long-term cultures consisted of fibroblastic reticular cells and epithelioid cells. Myelopoietic cells differentiated in close association with the fibroblastic reticular cells, and mature granulocytes were released into the culture medium.
Research on pressure tactile sensing technology based on fiber Bragg grating array (2015)

A pressure tactile sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is introduced in this paper, and the numerical simulation of its elastic body was implemented by finite element software (ANSYS). On the basis of simulation, fiber Bragg grating strings were implanted in flexible silicone to realize the sensor fabrication process, and a testing system was built. A series of calibration tests were done via the high precision universal press machine. The tactile sensor array perceived external pressure, which is demodulated by the fiber grating demodulation instrument, and three-dimension pictures were programmed to display visually the position and size. At the same time, a dynamic contact experiment of the sensor was conducted for simulating robot encountering other objects in the unknown environment. The experimental results show that the sensor has good linearity, repeatability, and has the good effect of dynamic response, and its pressure sensitivity was 0.03 nm/N. In addition, the sensor also has advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, good flexibility, simple structure, low cost and so on, which is expected to be used in the wearable artificial skin in the future.
Methylation profiles of genes utilizing newly developed CpG island methylation microarray on colorectal cancer patients (2005)

Aberrant methylation of DNA has been shown to play an important role in a variety of human cancers, developmental disorders and aging. Hence, aberrant methylation patterns in genes can be a molecular marker for such conditions. Therefore, a reliable but uncomplicated method to detect DNA methylation is preferred, not merely for research purposes but for daily clinical practice. To achieve these aims, we have established a precise system to identify DNA methylation patterns based on an oligonucleotide microarray technology. Our microarray method has an advantage over conventional methods and is unique because it allows the precise measurement of the methylation patterns within a target region. Our simple signal detection system depends on using an avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex and does not require an expensive laser scanner or hazardous radioisotope. In this study, we applied our technique to detect promoter methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. Our easy-handling technology provided reproducible and precise measurement of methylated CpGs in MGMT promoter and, thus, our method may bring about a potential evolution in the handling of a variety of high-throughput DNA methylation analyses for clinical purposes.
Intracellular Distribution of Arf Proteins in Mammalian Cells (1996)

Subcellular distributions of the five human Arf proteins were examined, using a set of isoform-specific polyclonal and a pan-Arf monoclonal antibodies. Subcellular fractionation of cultured mammalian cells allowed the demonstration that Arf6 is uniquely localized to the plasma membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The plasma membrane distrubution was unaffected by either GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate) or brefeldin A, an activator and inhibitor of Arf activities, respectively. In contrast, Arf proteins 1, 3, 4, and 5 were predominantly cytosolic but could be recruited to a variety of intracellular membranes, but not plasma membranes, upon incubation in the presence of GTPgammaS. The GTPgammaS-promoted binding of the cytosolic Arf proteins to membranes was blocked by brefeldin A. The stable association of Arf6 with plasma membranes and the insensitivity of its localization to either GTPgammaS or brefeldin A revealed a clear distinction between Arf6 and the other Arf isoforms. Localization of Arf6 to the plasma membrane suggests a unique cellular role for this isoform at the plasma membrane, but failure to find endogenous Arf6 on endocytic structures, including clathrin-coated vesicles, appears inconsistent with the proposed role of Arf6 in assembly of coat structures or endosomes in transfected fibroblasts (1,2).
Toward Real-Time Detection of Forensic Watermarks to Combat Piracy by Live Streaming (2016)

Over the past several years, antipiracy analysts have documented the transition of casual content piracy away from Torrent networks to streaming sites that provide immediate access to not only live television (TV) broadcasts, but also file-based pirated content, such as movies and TV episodes. Because live content such as professional sports or pay-per-view events have only one release window, they will lose market value immediately if they can be streamed live, thus there is a recognized need to act quickly in the case of piracy and hence to shorten the time needed to extract the forensic watermark payload to as close to realtime as possible. In working toward inline detection of forensic watermarks from streaming content, we seek to enable a new tool designed to identify the pirate source in minutes. With the ability to detect a session-based forensic watermark directly from a video stream, it is possible for an operator to disable a set-top box or streaming client while the transmission is still in progress.
Putative function of Drosophila melanogaster heat shock proteins in the nucleoskeleton. (1981)

The cellular distribution in Drosophila Kc cells of [35S]methionine-labeled heat shock proteins has been examined by 0.2% Nonidet P-40-mediated cell lysis and Na-deoxycholate-Tween 40 extraction of the nuclei. The 83,000-dalton heat shock protein was limited to the detergent extracts while the remaining heat shock proteins were found both in a soluble pool in the detergent extracts and in a bound pool in the nuclei. The bound pool included the 70,000-68,000-, 27,000-, 26,000-, 23,000-, and 21,000-dalton heat shock proteins; these proteins accumulated in the nuclei during the time course of heat shock as assayed by [35S]methionine labeling and dye binding on gel electropherograms. DNA and histone-depleted nuclei were prepared by extensive nuclease digestion, 2.0 M NaCl extraction, and sedimentation of the original detergent-washed nuclei. Of the 35S-labeled bound pool, 69% remained associated in a rapidly sedimenting complex that retained only approximately 5% of the DNA. Thus, the binding of the 70,000-68,000-, 27,000-, 26,000-, 23,000-, and 21,000-dalton heat shock proteins appeared primarily to be with the nuclear scaffold rather than the chromatin. We conclude from the mass of heat shock protein synthesis that these proteins probably are structural elements of the nucleus.
Application of design margins for BWR power update (1985)

This paper presents the bases for increasing the power level of a boiling water reactor (BWR) and explains broadly how power uprate is achieved. BWR plants have margins to increase power level. The first stage in power uprate is a feasibility evaluation, which establishes the target power level and identifies the detailed analyses, tests, and modifications necessary. Implementation involves carrying out the identified steps and securing regulatory approval.
Design Paradigm Utilizing Reversible Diels–Alder Reactions to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Materials (2016)

A design paradigm is demonstrated that enables new functional 3D printed materials made by fused filament fabrication (FFF) utilizing a thermally reversible dynamic covalent Diels–Alder reaction to dramatically improve both strength and toughness via self-healing mechanisms. To achieve this, we used as a mending agent a partially cross-linked terpolymer consisting of furan-maleimide Diels–Alder (fmDA) adducts that exhibit reversibility at temperatures typically used for FFF printing. When this mending agent is blended with commercially available polylactic acid (PLA) and printed, the resulting materials demonstrate an increase in the interfilament adhesion strength along the z-axis of up to 130%, with ultimate tensile strength increasing from 10 MPa in neat PLA to 24 MPa in fmDA-enhanced PLA. Toughness in the z-axis aligned prints increases by up to 460% from 0.05 MJ/m3 for unmodified PLA to 0.28 MJ/m3 for the remendable PLA. Importantly, it is demonstrated that a thermally reversible cross-linking paradigm based on the furan-maleimide Diels–Alder (fmDA) reaction can be more broadly applied to engineer property enhancements and remending abilities to a host of other 3D printable materials with superior mechanical properties.
Source Localization in Reverberant Environments by Consistent Peak Selection (2007)

Acoustic source localization in the presence of reverberation is a difficult task. Conventional approaches, based on time delay estimation performed by generalized cross correlation (GCC) on a set of microphone pairs, followed by geometric triangulation, are often unsatisfactory. Prefiltering is usually adopted to reduce the spurious peaks due to reflections. In this work an alternative strategy is proposed, based on the concept that secondary peaks of the GCCs can be crucial in order to correctly locate the source. More specifically, an iterative weighting procedure is introduced, based on the rationale that peaks corresponding to the actual source position should be consistently weighted. The position estimate is then refined by use of an effective and fast clustering technique. Experimental results on simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Differences in domain structures between plasma and cellular fibronectins. (1981)

indistinguishable in immunological assays (7-9), amino acid and carbohydrate compositions (10, ll), peptide maps (11, 12), electrophoretic mobilities (13, 14), and spectrophotometric properties (15)(16)(17).Convincing evidence for differences between these two types of fibronectin has been, however, accumulating.Fibro-11292
Sensitivity improvement and noise reduction of array CD mapping on memory device using inspection tool (2009)

Array CD uniformity can be measured by inspection tool and showed good correlation to traditional CD measurement such as CD-SEM and OCD.[1] Due to the inspection tool's basic requirement which collects information over whole area of wafer, the CD mapping from inspection images results in high spatial details within shot and along the wafer scale. However the reflected light which comes from the interaction between sub-wavelength array pattern and illuminated light isn't only responsible for CD variation of the illuminated area pattern. Other than lateral CD differences, thickness variation of pattern and under layer films also result in light intensity changes on reflected light. Therefore the noise separation other than CD variation is crucial factor on CD mapping using inspection tool. On the other hand, the sensitivity of CD variation is dependent on the patterned layer materials and how it interacts with the polarization of illuminated light. From previous study, reflection light from sub wavelength array structure contains CD variation information and gives linear response to the structure volume change. In this paper, CD test box which has intentional CD variation is introduced to investigate on various parameters that result in reflectivity changes. Wavelength, polarization and optical property of patterned structure are conducted to analyze the influence to the reflectivity signal. In parallel the experimental results are compared with simulation result using RCWA and good correlation is achieved.
Damage identification based on response-only measurements using cepstrum analysis and artificial neural networks (2014)

This article presents a response-only structural health monitoring technique that utilises cepstrum analysis and artificial neural networks for the identification of damage in civil engineering structures. The method begins by applying cepstrum-based operational modal analysis, which separates source and transmission path effects to determine the structure’s frequency response functions from response measurements only. Principal component analysis is applied to the obtained frequency response functions to reduce the data size, and structural damage is then detected using a two-stage ensemble of artificial neural networks. The proposed method is verified both experimentally and numerically using a laboratory two-storey framed structure and a finite element representation, both subjected to a single excitation. The laboratory structure is tested on a large-scale shake table generating ambient loading of Gaussian distribution. In the numerical investigation, the same input is applied to the finite model, but the obtained responses are polluted with different levels of white Gaussian noise to better replicate real-life conditions. The damage is simulated in the experimental and numerical investigations by changing the condition of individual joint elements from fixed to pinned. In total, four single joint changes are investigated. The results of the investigation show that the proposed method is effective in identifying joint damage in a multi-storey structure based on response-only measurements in the presence of a single input. Because the technique does not require a precise knowledge of the excitation, it has the potential for use in online structural health monitoring. Recommendations are given as to how the method could be applied to the more general multiple-input case.
The RAMP2/CRLR complex is a functional adrenomedullin receptor in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (1999)

Adrenomedullin, a potently hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma, is known to elicit a rise in cAMP levels within mammalian endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Until now, however, little has been known about the adrenomedullin receptor. Recently, a group called receptor activity-modifying proteins that complex with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, and thereby regulate its transport and ligand specificity, were identified. Here we show that mRNA for both the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and the receptor activity-modifying protein 2, but not the receptor activity-modifying protein 1 or receptor activity-modifying protein 3, are expressed in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. We also found that adrenomedullin increased cAMP levels in HeLa EBNA and 293 EBNA cells, expressing both the receptor activity-modifying protein 2 and calcitonin receptor-like receptor proteins. Thus, the receptor activity-modifying protein 2/calcitonin receptor-like receptor complex apparently serves as a functional adrenomedullin receptor in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells.
Experimental measurement of the force exerted during spinal manipulation using the Thompson technique. (1990)

The purpose for conducting this study was to quantify the forces exerted by a chiropractor on a patient during spinal manipulative therapy. Six patients received three treatments each from two chiropractors for a sacroiliac joint fixation. The Thompson technique was used to treat the patients. The force characteristics of the spinal manipulation were analyzed with respect to the following five points: preloading force, peak force, duration of manipulation, impulse of manipulation and point of application of the peak force. The results obtained indicated that all treatments have certain common characteristics; for example, a preload force is always followed by a large thrusting force. The values for the preload force, peak force, duration and impulse were found to have large standard deviations for a given adjuster and between patients. The location of the point of application of the peak force relative to a low back reference system appeared to be very consistent. However, it was not on the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) as expected, but always slightly medial to this point. This is the first study to report force results which were measured directly during spinal manipulative therapy in a clinical situation. In further studies, the results of this investigation will be compared to results obtained from a large population of patients and chiropractic adjusters. Differences in the force characteristics between chiropractors will be compared to clinical and objective measures of the rehabilitation process of the patients in order to find an "optimal" way of performing spinal manipulative therapies.
Apathy: Why Care? (2005)

This review presents data showing that apathy is common across a number of disorders. Apathy is not only common, but is also associated with significant problems: reduced functional level, decreased response to treatment, poor illness outcome, caregiver distress, and chronicity. Preliminary evidence of treatment efficacy exists for dopaminergic drugs and for amphetamines. Strong evidence of efficacy exists for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease, and for atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Frontal-subcortical system(s) dysfunction is implicated in the causation of apathy; apathy subtypes based on the various frontal-subcortical loops may thus exist. Further research involving diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment is suggested.