gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Delay in Detecting Initial Dips from Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Using Vector-Based Phase Analysis (2016)

In this paper, we present a systematic method to reduce the time lag in detecting initial dips using a vector-based phase diagram and an autoregressive moving average with exogenous signals (ARMAX) model-based q-step-ahead prediction algorithm. With functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), signals related to mental arithmetic and right-hand clenching are acquired from the prefrontal and left primary motor cortices, respectively. The interrelationship between oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin and cerebral oxygen exchange are related to initial dips. Specifically, a threshold value from the resting state hemodynamics is incorporated, as a decision criterion, into the vector-based phase diagram to determine the occurrence of initial dips. To further reduce the time lag, a [Formula: see text]-step-ahead prediction method is applied to predict the occurrence of the dips. A combination of the threshold criterion and the prediction method resulted in the delay time of about 0.9[Formula: see text]s. The results demonstrate that rapid detection of initial dip is possible and therefore can be used for real-time brain-computer interfacing.
Identification of a regulatory loop for the synthesis of neurosteroids: a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐dependent mechanism involving hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis receptors (2009)

Brain sex steroids are derived from both peripheral (primarily gonadal) and local (neurosteroids) sources and are crucial for neurogenesis, neural differentiation and neural function. The mechanism(s) regulating the production of neurosteroids is not understood. To determine whether hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis components previously detected in the extra-hypothalamic brain comprise a feedback loop to regulate neuro-sex steroid (NSS) production, we assessed dynamic changes in expression patterns of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, a key regulator of steroidogenesis, and key hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal endocrine receptors, by modulating peripheral sex hormone levels in female mice. Ovariectomy (OVX; high serum gonadotropins, low serum sex steroids) had a differential effect on StAR protein levels in the extrahypothalamic brain; increasing the 30- and 32-kDa variants but decreasing the 37-kDa variant and is indicative of cholesterol transport into mitochondria for steroidogenesis. Treatment of OVX animals with E(2), P(4), or E(2) + P(4) for 3 days, which decreases OVX-induced increases in GnRH/gonadotropin production, reversed this pattern. Suppression of gonadotropin levels in OVX mice using the GnRH agonist leuprolide acetate inhibited the processing of the 37-kDa StAR protein into the 30-kDa StAR protein, confirming that the differential processing of brain StAR protein is regulated by gonadotropins. OVX dramatically suppressed extra-hypothalamic brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 receptor expression, and was further suppressed in E(2)- or P(4)-treated OVX mice. Together, these data indicate the existence of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine feedback loops that regulate NSS synthesis. Further delineation of these feedback loops that regulate NSS production will aid in developing therapies to maintain brain sex steroid levels and cognition.
A NEW TECHNIQUE TO RAPIDLY IDENTIFY LOW LEVEL GATE OXIDE LEAKAGE IN FIELD EFFECT SEMICONDUCTORS USING A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. (1990)

Numerous papers have been written regarding SEM microscopy techniques. The SEM has and will continue to have a stronghold in the semiconductor industry as an imaging and diagnostic tool. This paper will discuss a new application of the SEM for diagnosis and determination of gate oxide leakage via electron beam charge accumulation. Special fixturing or feedthroughs are not required since the E-beam supplies the biasing to the device. Concomitantly, the technique can be used nondestructively for determination of gate oxide integrity failure on wafers in fabrication. This technique utilizes the phenomenon of Electron Beam Induced Voltage and is referred to as Passive Voltage Contrast.
Application of Laplacian Surface Deformation and self-organizing maps to calculate shape correspondence for statistical shape modeling (2014)

This paper presents a pairwise approach of finding shape correspondence for the construction of SSM, applied to distal femur bone. The correspondence was calculated by adapting a representative shape (template mesh) onto the training shapes in two steps. The first step was global registration which involved initial template mesh deformation using Laplacian Surface Deformation (LSD) method guided by a set of uniquely identifiable landmarks. The second step was local shape matching which involved final mesh adaptation using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method. Compared to other published methods the landmark correspondence obtained in our method was better (1.1 mm, SD=0.5) with acceptable values of compactness (11 modes), generalization ability (1.6-1.8 mm) and specificity (1.5-2.1 mm).
ChemInform Abstract: Semi‐Synthesis of Paclitaxel from Naturally Occurring Glycosidic Precursors (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hierarchical learning for automated malware classification (2017)

Despite widespread use of commercial anti-virus products, the number of malicious files detected on home and corporate computers continues to increase at a significant rate. Recently, anti-virus companies have started investing in machine learning solutions to augment signatures manually designed by analysts. A malicious file's determination is often represented as a hierarchical structure consisting of a type (e.g. Worm, Backdoor), a platform (e.g. Win32, Win64), a family (e.g. Rbot, Rugrat) and a family variant (e.g. A, B). While there has been substantial research in automated malware classification, the aforementioned hierarchical structure, which can provide additional information to the classification models, has been ignored. In this paper, we propose the novel idea and study the performance of employing hierarchical learning algorithms for automated classification of malicious files. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research effort which incorporates the hierarchical structure of the malware label in its automated classification and in the security domain, in general. It is important to note that our method does not require any additional effort by analysts because they typically assign these hierarchical labels today. Our empirical results on a real world, industrial-scale malware dataset of 3.6 million files demonstrate that incorporation of the label hierarchy achieves a significant reduction of 33.1% in the binary error rate as compared to a non-hierarchical classifier which is traditionally used in such problems.
Water in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Microemulsions:  Spectroscopic Investigation of a New Environment for Aqueous Inorganic Chemistry (1997)

In this paper, we present spectroscopic evidence for the formation of water in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) microemulsions stabilized by an ammonium carboxylate perfluoro polyether (PFPE) surfactant. FTIR spectroscopy has been employed to determine the existence of “bulk” (hydrogen-bonded) water (H2O and D2O) at the core of the microemulsions, and to distinguish between this and the presence of “free” (monomeric) water dissolved in the scCO2 and builds on preliminary results described elsewhere (Johnston, K. P.; Harrison, K. L.; Clarke, M. J.; Howdle, S. M.; Heitz, M. P.; Bright, F. V.; Carlier, C.; Randolph, T. W. Science 1996, 271, 624). Cloud point studies confirm that optically transparent and thermodynamically stable microemulsion solutions are formed. We have investigated the utility of these microemulsions as novel environments for reaction chemistry. In particular, we have shown that, using the PFPE surfactant, an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) may be dispersed in scCO2, leading to a purple-colored solution with concentration on the order of 5 × 10-4 M, as detected by UV−vis absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, aqueous sodium nitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)]) and potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) are also shown to be soluble in the water/PFPE/scCO2 microemulsions and to undergo simple aqueous inorganic reactions with gaseous reactants such as H2S and SO2. Methyl orange has been used to investigate the presence of a carbonic acid microenvironment in the water/PFPE/scCO2 microemulsions.
Optical fiber grating sensors in multimode fibers (2000)

We present a novel class of optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings written in germanium-doped silica multimode fibers that can be implemented with inexpensive components. The gratings are inscribed by the phase mask technique in 50/125 µm step-index profile fibers and their temperature and strain responses are investigated.
Optimizing call admission control with QoS guarantee in a voice/data integrated cellular network using simulated annealing (2003)

This paper addresses the issue of call admission control with the necessary QoS guarantee for a voice/data integrated wireless cellular network. Specifically, we propose a new call admission control policy called dual-threshold call admission control (DT-CAC) policy. It uses two thresholds, one to reserve channels for narrow-band voice handoff calls, and the other for wideband data handoff traffic. Its unique features are: (1) it adopts the complete sharing (CS) approach that maximizes the channel efficiency; (2) it derives the optimal set of thresholds that satisfies the QoS target on handoff dropping probabilities for both voice and data traffic, while at the same time minimizing the maximal new call blocking probability (voice or data). Its performance is well supported by simulation results.
Analysis of Creep in Paperboard Packages With Plastic Tops (2004)

Beverage packages made of paper and plastic materials that are stored for a long time, deform due to creep deformations. The phenomena is termed bulging and means that the package changes its shape. Bulging is a major issue for the producers of beverage packages. The purpose of this master’s dissertation, is to develop a Finite Element-model for simulation of bulging of beverage packages at varying loadings and time scales that is veriﬁed to experimentally determined data of creep. In order to formulate a suitable FE-model for simulation of creep, a profound knowledge of the material behavior of the various materials in a beverage package is required. Therefore, creep tests of paper, polymer, and aluminum foil were performed. The creep deformation of paper was found to be approximately four to six times larger in CD than in MD. The elastic + creep deformation of the laminate is approximately three times larger in CD in comparison to MD. A creep material model for each of the materials in the laminate was calibrated to experimental data. The creep behavior of the FE-model was compared to bulge tests, which described the deﬂection of the package. The FE-model was proven to produce accurate results for shorter time periods and acceptable results for longer time frames. As experimental creep tests require long time frames, it is important to anticipate the creep behavior with a mathematical model. The FE-method was shown to be an excellent tool in order to describe, understand, and predict the phenomena of creep.
Investigations of Engine Oil Shear Stability in Laboratory Tests and Road Tests (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The relationship of shear stability in laboratory tests to shear stability in service was investigated in a diesel injector test, in the L-38 single-cylinder engine, in a multicylinder engine equipped for bearing film thickness measurement, and in road testing in an automobile and in trucks. All of the laboratory and road tests differed in severity of shearing and also showed that major VI improver types differed in the time needed for their kinematic viscosity to approach a fully-sheared value. Shear stability comparisons based on kinematic viscosities measured during the transition to the fully sheared condition did not accurately represent the relative shear stability of VI improvers in the fully-sheared condition. In the road tests, most of the oils were at their fully-sheared viscosity for the major part of their service life. The decrease of HTHS viscosity due to shearing in the road tests and laboratory engines was usually less than half the kinematic viscosity decrease. Bearing oil film thicknesses showed little or no change with test duration in the multi-cylinder lab engine and correlated well with HTHS viscosity.</div>
Reasoning about safety of learning-enabled components in autonomous cyber-physical systems (2018)

We present a simulation-based approach for generating barrier certificate functions for safety verification of cyber-physical systems (CPS) that contain neural network-based controllers. A linear programming solver is utilized to find a candidate generator function from a set of simulation traces obtained by randomly selecting initial states for the CPS model. A level set of the generator function is then selected to act as a barrier certificate for the system, meaning it demonstrates that no unsafe system states are reachable from a given set of initial states. The barrier certificate properties are verified with an SMT solver. This approach is demonstrated on a case study in which a Dubins car model of an autonomous vehicle is controlled by a neural network to follow a given path.
Aligning Controlled vocabularies for enabling semantic matching in a distributed knowledge management system (2010)

The underlying idea of the Semantic Web is that web content should be expressed not only in natural language but also in a language that can be unambiguously understood, interpreted and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. The central notion of the Semantic Web's syntax are ontologies, shared vocabularies providing taxonomies of concepts, objects and relationships between them, which describe particular domains of knowledge. A vocabulary stores words, synonyms, word sense definitions (i.e. glosses), relations between word senses and concepts; such a vocabulary is generally referred to as the Controlled Vocabulary (CV) if choice or selection of terms are done\nby domain specialists. A facet is a distinct and dimensional feature of a concept or a term that allows a taxonomy, ontology or CV to be viewed or ordered in multiple ways, rather than in a single way. The facet is clearly defined, mutually exclusive, and composed of collectively exhaustive properties or characteristics of a domain. For example, a collection of rice might be represented using a name facet, place facet etc. This thesis presents a methodology for producing mappings between Controlled Vocabularies, based on a technique called \\Hidden Semantic Matching". The \\Hidden" word stands for it not relying on any sort of externally provided background knowledge. The sole exploited knowledge comes from the \\semantic context" of the same CVs which are being matched. We build a facet for each concept of these CVs, considering more general concepts (broader terms), less general concepts (narrow terms) or related concepts (related terms).Together these form a concept facet (CF) which is then used to boost the matching process.
Latency Insertion Method Based Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Systems (2017)

In this paper, we demonstrate how latency insertion method (LIM) can be used for real-time simulation of high switching frequency power electronics systems and how this approach can be implemented for scalable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) execution. We first present a summary of the LIM and how this method can be developed into a solver for high-performance FPGA execution. We then present how common power electronics topologies-buck and boost-can be modeled using the LIM approach, followed by how the LIM model of a three-phase dc/ac converter is created. Afterward, we demonstrate the accuracy of the developed FPGA solver through a set of power electronic system examples, with each example compared with near ideal results of same example provided by a traditional electromagnetic transient type solver. We complete the paper analyzing the scalability of the proposed approach on FPGA devices, both in terms of achievable time step as well as of resource usage.
Depth Image-Based Representation and Compression for Static and Animated 3-D Objects (2004)

This paper describes a new family of three-dimensional (3-D) representations for computer graphics and animation, called depth image-based representations (DIBR), which have been adopted into MPEG-4 Part16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX). Idea of the approach is to build a compact and photorealistic representation of a 3-D object or scene without using polygonal mesh. Instead, images accompanied by depth values for each pixel are used. This type of representation allows us to build and render novel views of objects and scene with an interactive rate. There are many different methods for the image-based rendering with depths, and the DIBR format is designed to efficiently represent the information necessary for such methods. The main formats of the DIBR family are SimpleTexture (an image together with depth array), PointTexture (an image with multiple pixels along each line of sight), and OctreeImage (octree-like data structure together with a set of images containing viewport parameters). In order to store and transmit the DIBR object, we develop a compression algorithm and bitstream format for OctreeImage representation.
GC-MS Analysis of Frankincense Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases (2016)

Frankincense has been used traditionally for the inhibition of microbial growth and for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Despite this, frankincense extracts are yet to be tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Methods: Solvent extracts prepared from commercially obtained frankincense were analysed for the ability to inhibit the growth of bacterial species associated with initiating rheumatoid arthritis (P. mirabilis), ankylosing spondylitis (K. pneumoniae) and multiple sclerosis (A. baylyi, P. aeruginosa) by disc diffusion assay, and quantified by MIC determination. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay.The most potent inhibitory extracts were investigated using non-targeted GC-MS head space analysis (with screening against a compound database) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in the crude plant extracts. Results: Methanolic and aqueous frankincense extracts inhibited the growth of all bacterial species. The growth inhibition of these extracts was particularly notable against P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae, with MIC values generally 1000 g/mL for both reference and clinical bacterial strains. Indeed, the MIC values of the methanolic extract against P. mirabilis, and for the aqueous extract against K. pneumonia, were as low as 59.6 and 75.2 g/mL respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts also inhibited the growth of A. baylyi and P. aeruginosa. However, with the exception of the growth inhibition of A. baylyi by the aqueous extract (MIC=4313 g/mL: moderate inhibitory activity), the MICs against these bacteria was indica-tive of only low inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited the growth of all bacterial species, albeit with low efficacy (MIC values generally >5000 g/mL against all bacterial species). All frankincense extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay, with LC 50 values substantially above 1000 g/mL. Non-biased GC-MS headspace analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts putatively identified a high diversity of monoterpenoids and sesquiteriterpenoids. Conclusion: The lack of toxicity and the inhibitory activity of the methanolic and aqueous frankincense extracts against microbial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis indicates their potential in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
Query suggestion by constructing term-transition graphs (2012)

Query suggestion is an interactive approach for search engines to better understand users information need. In this paper, we propose a novel query suggestion framework which leverages user re-query feedbacks from search engine logs. Specifically, we mined user query reformulation activities where the user only modifies part of the query by (1) adding terms after the query, (2) deleting terms within the query, or (3) modifying terms to new terms. We build a term-transition graph based on the mined data. Two models are proposed which address topic-level and term-level query suggestions, respectively. In the first topic-based unsupervised Pagerank model, we perform random walk on each of the topic-based term-transition graph and calculate the Pagerank for each term within a topic. Given a new query, we suggest relevant queries based on its topic distribution and term-transition probability within each topic. Our second model resembles the supervised learning-to-rank (LTR) framework, in which term modifications are treated as documents so that each query reformulation is treated as a training instance. A rich set of features are constructed for each (query, document) pair from Pagerank, Wikipedia, N-gram, ODP and so on. This supervised model is capable of suggesting new queries on a term level which addresses the limitation of previous methods. Experiments are conducted on a large data set from a commercial search engine. By comparing the with state-of-the-art query suggestion methods [4, 2], our proposals exhibit significant performance increase for all categories of queries.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectra of Gluco-mamno-oligosaccharides and Structurally Related Glucomannan (1979)

Journal Article 13C NMR Spectra of Gluco-mamno-oligosaccharides and Structurally Related Glucomannan Get access Taichi Usui, Taichi Usui Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Mizuno, Takashi Mizuno Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koji Kato, Koji Kato Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Kakamigahara, Gifu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masashi Tomoda, Masashi Tomoda Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minatoku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Goh Miyajima Goh Miyajima Hitachi Co., Ltd, Naka Works, Katsuda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 43, Issue 4, 1 April 1979, Pages 863–865, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1979.10863545 Published: 01 April 1979 Article history Received: 26 October 1978 Published: 01 April 1979