gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid text classification approach for analysis of student essays (2003)

We present CarmelTC, a novel hybrid text classification approach for analyzing essay answers to qualitative physics questions, which builds upon work presented in (Ros et al., 2002a). CarmelTC learns to classify units of text based on features extracted from a syntactic analysis of that text as well as on a Naive Bayes classification of that text. We explore the tradeoffs between symbolic and "bag of words" approaches. Our goal has been to combine the strengths of both of these approaches while avoiding some of the weaknesses. Our evaluation demonstrates that the hybrid CarmelTC approach outperforms two "bag of words" approaches, namely LSA and a Naive Bayes, as well as a purely symbolic approach.
New organic dyes with high IPCE values containing two triphenylamine units as co-donors for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (2015)

New bis-TPA-based organic dyes for DSSCs showed high IPCE values dependent on π-conjugation.
Electrical detection of sandwich immunoassay on indium tin oxide interdigitated electrodes (2011)

Electrical detection of sandwich immunoassay using indium tin oxide (ITO) interdigitated electrodes on a biochip is developed. Gold nanoparticles are utilised as the indication of the antibody/antigen/antibody complex on the electrodes and the gold enhancement process is for signal amplification. The electrical detection of the concentration of target antigen in sandwich immunoassay has been demonstrated. ITO interdigitated electrodes were fabricated on a glass substrate and worked as the detection sites. The capture antibody was first immobilised on the detection sites. The target antigens of certain concentration and detection antibody were applied, respectively. Then, sandwich-like antibody/antigen/antibody complex was constructed on the detection sites. Gold nanoparticles were utilised to bind the sandwich complex through biotin–streptavidin linkage. Then, gold enhancement process was performed for enlarging the size of the gold nanoparticles physically. Therefore a conductive layer was formed across the electrodes. The presence and the concentration of the target antigen can be determined by the resistance value across the electrode measured by an ohmmeter directly. The resistance values showed from 1200 to 700 Ω when the target antigen was in the concentration from 20 to 160 ng/ml. The proposed electrical sandwich immunoassay is simplicity, low cost and miniaturisation; therefore it is possible to be integrated into a microfluidic system and potentially be developed a portable diagnostic device.
A procedural procedural level generator generator (2012)

Procedural content generation (PCG) is concerned with automatically generating game content, such as levels, rules, textures and items. But could the content generator itself be seen as content, and thus generated automatically? This would be very useful if one wanted to avoid writing a content generator for a new game, or if one wanted to create a content generator that generates an arbitrary amount of content with a particular style or theme. In this paper, we present a procedural procedural level generator generator for Super Mario Bros. It is an interactive evolutionary algorithm that evolves agent-based level generators. The human user makes the aesthetic judgment on what generators to prefer, based on several views of the generated levels including a possibility to play them, and a simulation-based estimate of the playability of the levels. We investigate the characteristics of the generated levels, and to what extent there is similarity or dissimilarity between levels and between generators.
Structure of the lipopeptide antibiotic tsushimycin (2005)

The amphomycin derivative tsushimycin has been crystallized and its structure determined at 1.0 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains 12 molecules and with 1300 independent atoms this structure is one of the largest solved using ab initio direct methods. The antibiotic is comprised of a cyclodecapeptide core, an exocyclic amino acid and a fatty-acid residue. Its backbone adopts a saddle-like conformation that is stabilized by a Ca2+ ion bound within the peptide ring and accounts for the Ca2+-dependence of this antibiotic class. Additional Ca2+ ions link the antibiotic molecules to dimers that enclose an empty space resembling a binding cleft. The dimers possess a large hydrophobic surface capable of interacting with the bacterial cell membrane. The antibiotic daptomycin may exhibit a similar conformation, as the amino-acid sequence is conserved at positions involved in Ca2+ binding.
Towards a more efficient static software change impact analysis method (2008)

Impact analysis methods are commonly employed to reduce the likelihood of encountering faulty or unexpected behavior from a software program as a result of developers' oblivious modifications. In this paper, we propose a static impact analysis technique that creates clusters of closely associated software program files based on their co-modification history in the software repository. The proposed method benefits from dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the complexity of the collected information and perform the impact analysis process faster. The method has been tested on four different open source project repositories, namely Firefox, Firebird, Thunderbird, and FileZilla. The results of the impact analysis method performance in terms of precision (impact set identification accuracy) and execution time cost have been reported in this paper. The proposed method shows promising behavior when used with several specific clustering techniques such as DBscan and X-Means.
Speciation of some heavy metals in coal fly ash (2007)

AbstractSelected heavy metals Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb were studied in two different types of coal fly ash samples, dyke and field, collected from Badarpur Thermal Power Station, Delhi, India for their total metal concentration as well as geochemical differentiation in different chemical fraction namely exchangeable, easily reducible or Fe-Mn bound, organic or sulfide bound and residual fractions. The total concentration of heavy metals in both types of fly ash samples followed the order Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu. Among the two types of samples, field fly ash samples were more enriched in these heavy metals compared with the dyke type samples. The fine grain size of field type samples possibly provided the sufficiently large surface area for the adsorption of these metals, resulting in higher concentrations compared with those in the coarse grained dyke samples. But, interestingly, the dyke type fly ash samples contain most of the metals in the exchangeable fraction. Metals in this fraction are easily mobilisable or can be made mobile depending upon the environmental conditions of Eh and pH. This suggests that the dyke type samples with low bulk metal content can even pose serious environmental hazards compared to the high total metal containing samples of field type. This suggests that it is the presence of metal in particular fraction(s) and not the total metal concentrations which are harmful to the environment, in particular to the soil and aquatic life.Keywords: fly ashheavy metalspeciationmobility and environment
Lazy rewriting on eager machinery (2000)

The article introduces a novel notion of lazy rewriting. By annotating argument positions as lazy, redundant rewrite steps are avoided, and the termination behavior of a term-rewriting system can be improved. Some transformations of rewrite rules enable an implementation using the same primitives as an implementation of eager rewriting.
Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycaemia. (1988)

There has been considerable debate over whether asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia results in neurological damage. In a detailed multicentre study of 661 preterm infants hypoglycaemia was found to be common. Moderate hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration less than 2.6 mmol/l) occurred in 433 of the infants and in 104 was found on three to 30 separate days. There was considerable variation among the centres, implying differences in decisions to intervene. The number of days on which moderate hypoglycaemia occurred was strongly related to reduced mental and motor development scores at 18 months (corrected age), even after adjustment for a wide range of factors known to influence development. When hypoglycaemia was recorded on five or more separate days adjusted mental and motor developmental scores at 18 months (corrected age) were significantly reduced by 14 and 13 points respectively, and the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (cerebral palsy or developmental delay) was increased by a factor of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 9.4). These data suggest that, contrary to general belief, moderate hypoglycaemia may have serious neurodevelopmental consequences, and reappraisal of current management is urgently required.
Sparse reconstruction from a limited projection number of the coronary artery tree in X-ray rotational imaging (2012)

This paper deals with the 3D reconstruction of sparse data in X-ray rotational imaging. Due to the cardiac motion, the number of available projections for this reconstruction is equal to four, which leads to a strongly under-sampled reconstruction problem. We address thus this illness problem through a regularized iterative method. The whole algorithm is divided into two steps. Firstly, a minimal path segmentation step extracts artery tree boundaries. Secondly, a MAP reconstruction comparing L0-norm and L1-norm priors is applied on this extracted coronary tree. The reconstruction optimization process relies on a separable paraboloidal (SPS) algorithm. Some preliminary results are provided on simulated rotational angiograms.
Os impactos das ações empreendedoras da APROCAN na região da Canastra (2019)

A regiao da Serra da Canastra no Sudoeste de Minas Gerais tem apresentado notavel desenvolvimento nos ultimos anos em diversos setores como agronegocios e turismo. Um dos negocios propulsores deste crescimento e a fabricacao e comercializacao do Queijo Canastra Artesanal, sobre a qual se baseia a Associacao dos Produtores de Queijo Artesanal da Canastra, APROCAN. O presente estudo tem por finalidade identificar quais foram as acoes empreendedoras da APROCAN e de que forma tais acoes contribuiram para o desenvolvimento regional. Para responder esta questao, utilizou-se de abordagem descritiva exploratoria e uma metodologia quali-quantitativa, apoiando-se em pesquisa bibliografica, especialmente no que tange os conceitos do empreendedorismo e do associativismo, alem de questionarios com os entes envolvidos no processo. A pesquisa mostrou que houve melhora consideravel nos negocios dos produtores de queijo da regiao a partir da criacao da associacao, que passaram a usar modernas ferramentas de gestao e a trabalhar com mais profissionalismo, aumentando seus ganhos. Concluiu-se que a implementacao dos conceitos do empreendedorismo e do associativismo pode auxiliar de forma positiva na melhoria das condicoes de vida de uma sociedade ou comunidade regional com interesses em comum.
Molecular cloning of Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus: identification of mink cell focus-inducing virus-like messages in normal and transformed cells (1983)

Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus (Fr-MCF) is a leukemogenic murine retrovirus that was isolated from a leukemic NIH Swiss mouse. We molecularly cloned the genome of this virus into pBR322. Restriction enzyme mapping of this cloned Fr-MCF DNA revealed a 1.0-kilobase-pair region in the envelope gene which differs from the restriction map of the Friend ecotropic virus (Friend murine leukemia virus). A 400-base-pair Fr-MCF envelope gene fragment was subcloned from this region and designated pLEK. Probes made with pLEK hybridize to Fr-MCF DNA but do not hybridize to either Friend or amphotropic murine leukemia virus DNA. Polyadenylic acid-selected RNA was prepared from the hematopoietic tissues of normal NIH Swiss mice, Fr-MCF-infected erythroleukemia cells (TP-1), and uninfected chemically transformed T lymphocytes (RB-1). The pLEK probe identified 34S and 22S messages in the TP-1 cells and in the normal hematopoietic tissues. RB-1 cells contain 32S and 26S messages that hybridize to pLEK. However, the pLEK-like RNAs found in the normal hematopoietic tissues and in the RB-1 cells were 400-fold less abundant than the RNAs found in the TP-1 cells.
Performance of InAsSb-based infrared detectors with nBn design (2010)

Our group is investigating nBn detectors based on bulk InAs(1-x)Sb(x) absorber (n) and contacts (n) with an AlAs(1-x)Sb(x) barrier (B). The wide-band-gap barrier material exhibits a large conduction band offset and small valence band offset with respect to the narrow-band-gap absorber material. An important matter to explore in this design is the barrier parameters (material, composition and doping concentration) and how they effect the operation of the device. This paper investigates AlAs(1-x)Sb(x) barriers with different compositions and doping levels and their effect on detector characteristics, in particular, dark current density, responsivity and specific detectivity.
NPR Genes, Which Are Negatively Regulated by Phytochrome Action in Lemna gibba L. G-3, Can Also Be Positively Regulated by Abscisic Acid (1994)

We have found that NPR1 and NPR2, two genes from Lemna gibba L. G-3 that can be negatively regulated by phytochrome action, can also be positively regulated by the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Both genes were responsive to low concentrations of exogenous ABA; an increase in NPR1 RNA could be detected in response to concentrations as low as 10 nM. We have also tested phytochrome responsiveness of 5' promoter-deletion constructs of one of these genes, NPR1, in transient assays utilizing particle bombardment. This analysis demonstrated that DNA sequences important for phytochrome regulation are present downstream of -198 from the transcription start site. A response to ABA treatment could also be observed in the transient assay system. When intact plants were placed in darkness, there was an increase in ABA levels as well as increased levels of NPR1 and NPR2 RNA.
Quantification of lipoprotein profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (2017)

Lipoproteins and their subfraction profiles have been associated to diverse diseases including Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). There is thus a great demand for measuring and quantifying the lipoprotein profile in an efficient and accurate manner. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is uniquely able to measure the lipoprotein profile of a blood sample non-destructively due to its sensitivity to both lipid chemistry and lipid-micellar physics. However, the NMR spectra must be scaled/regressed to a primary method of reference, such as ultracentrifugation, using multivariate regression methods. This review provides an overview of the field and explains the methods at stake.
Cambricon-X: An accelerator for sparse neural networks (2016)

Neural networks (NNs) have been demonstrated to be useful in a broad range of applications such as image recognition, automatic translation and advertisement recommendation. State-of-the-art NNs are known to be both computationally and memory intensive, due to the ever-increasing deep structure, i.e., multiple layers with massive neurons and connections (i.e., synapses). Sparse neural networks have emerged as an effective solution to reduce the amount of computation and memory required. Though existing NN accelerators are able to efficiently process dense and regular networks, they cannot benefit from the reduction of synaptic weights. In this paper, we propose a novel accelerator, Cambricon-X, to exploit the sparsity and irregularity of NN models for increased efficiency. The proposed accelerator features a PE-based architecture consisting of multiple Processing Elements (PE). An Indexing Module (IM) efficiently selects and transfers needed neurons to connected PEs with reduced bandwidth requirement, while each PE stores irregular and compressed synapses for local computation in an asynchronous fashion. With 16 PEs, our accelerator is able to achieve at most 544 GOP/s in a small form factor (6.38 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 954 mW at 65 nm). Experimental results over a number of representative sparse networks show that our accelerator achieves, on average, 7.23x speedup and 6.43x energy saving against the state-of-the-art NN accelerator.
기업의 CSR활동에 따르는 브랜드신뢰, 브랜드이미지 및 구매의도의 구조적 관계 연구 (2018)

최근 항공사의 윤리의식과 사회적 책임경영의 중요성이 재조명되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국적 항공사들의 CSR활동에 따른 브랜드신뢰, 브랜드이미지 및 구매의도에 관한 구조적 관계를 규명하고자 국내 항공여행객 354명을 대상으로 서베이하고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0, AMOS 23.0 통계패키지를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구가설 검증결과 CSR활동 중 경제적 책임, 법률적 책임, 윤리적 책임, 환경적 책임이 ‘브랜드신뢰’에, 경제적 책임, 윤리적 책임, 환경적 책임이 ‘브랜드이미지’에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만 브랜드신뢰와 브랜드이미지가 구매의도에는 영향관계를 보이지 않았다. 이는 표본의 67%가 저비용항공 여행객으로, 항공사의 CSR활동보다 항공요금이나 비행스케줄 등에 의해 구매의사를 결정할 것으로 추론된다. 본 연구는 많은 선행연구의 결과를 뒷받침하며, 연구의 학문적, 실무적 진전을 이루었다는데 의의를 가진다.
Cell-type specific regulation of human interstitial collagenase-1 gene expression by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in human fibroblasts and BC-8701 breast cancer cells. (1997)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a potent cytokine that stimulates interstitial collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1; MMP-1). In this study, we compared the mechanism(s) by which IL-1 beta induces collagenase gene expression in two very different cells, normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and an aggressive breast cancer cell line, BC-8701 cells. Northern analysis showed that the time course of collagenase induction was distinct in the two cells: although both cells expressed low levels of MMP-1 constitutively, addition of IL-1 beta increased MMP-1 mRNA in HFFs by 1 h and levels remained high over a 24-h period. In contrast, MMP-1 levels in IL-1 beta-treated BC-8701 cells did not increase until 4 h, peaked by 12 h and then declined. To analyze the transcriptional response, we cloned and sequenced more than 4,300 bp of the human MMP-1 promoter, and from this promoter clone, we prepared a series of 5'-deletion constructs linked to the luciferase reporter and transiently transfected these constructs into both cell types to measure both basal and IL-1 beta induced transcription. When both cell types were uninduced, promoter fragments containing less than 2,900 bp gave only a minimal transcriptional response, while larger fragments showed increased transcriptional activity. With IL-1 beta treatment, significant responsiveness (P < 0.001) in HFFs was seen only with the larger fragments, while in the BC-8701 cells, all fragments were significantly induced with IL-1 beta. Finally, we found that IL-1 beta stabilized MMP-1 mRNA in normal fibroblasts, but not in BC-8701 breast cancer cells. We conclude that both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of MMP-1 gene expression by IL-1 beta is controlled by cell-type specific mechanisms, and we suggest that IL-1 induced MMP-1 expression in tumor cells and in neighboring stromal cells may amplify the invasive ability of tumor cells.
Complete semimembranosus rupture following therapeutic stretching after a traumatic brain injury (2006)

Acute hamstring rupture is an uncommon event often occurring during high impact sports. Such events have not been previously reported during neurological rehabilitation. This case report describes a 30 year-old Chinese male presenting in a minimally responsive state 5 years after a severe traumatic brain injury. He was tetraplegic and bed-bound with spasticity involving all four limbs and flexion contracture of the right knee. During an episode of inpatient rehabilitation, he developed acute swelling and bruising of the posterior proximal thigh region associated with fever, tachycardia and diaphoresis. MRI showed a large soft tissue rim-enhancing mass in the right proximal hamstring muscle. During surgical exploration, complete rupture of the right semi-membranosus muscle was found without evidence of pus. The possible causative factors of hamstring rupture in this subject and a brief literature review are discussed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such reported case.
Fast and efficient intraprediction method for H.264/AVC (2010)

A new intraprediction method is proposed to decrease coding complexity as well as improve coding efficiency of H.264/AVC. Whether the predicted values of different prediction modes are similar is determined according to the proposed rules. When the predicted values are similar, the average of such values is used to predict the current block without invoking the rate-distortion optimization process. Experimental results show that by integrating the proposed method in the H.264/AVC codec, 39.25% coding time can be saved; meanwhile, the average bit-rate reduction is 2.62% under the same peak signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed videos.
Motion-Based Depth Estimation for 2D to 3D Video Conversion (2016)

Recent advances in 3D have increased the importance of stereoscopic content creation and processing. Therefore, converting existing 2D videos into 3D videos is very important for growing 3D market. The most difficult task in 2D-to-3D video conversion is estimating depth map from single-view frame images. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel motion-based 2D to 3D video conversion method. The method first determines the motion type using the optical flow estimation. Then, different depth estimation processes are performed based on the motion type. For global motion, the depth from motion parallax provides the final depth map. For local motion, the depth from template together with the bilateral filter is used to produce the depth map. Finally, the left- and right-view images are synthesized to generate realistic stereoscopic results for viewers. During the process, the visual artifacts of the synthesized virtual views are effectively eliminated by recovering the separation and loss of foreground objects. A comparative study and quantitative evaluation with other conversion methods are carried out, which demonstrate that better overall quality results may be obtained using the proposed method.
Emerging Therapeutics Targeting mRNA Translation (2012)

A defining feature of many cancers is deregulated translational control. Typically, this occurs at the level of recruitment of the 40S ribosomes to the 5'-cap of cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis, which is controlled by the heterotrimeric eukaryotic initiation complex eIF4F. Thus, eIF4F in particular, and translation initiation in general, represent an exploitable vulnerability and unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention in many transformed cells. In this article, we discuss the development, mode of action and biological activity of a number of small-molecule inhibitors that interrupt PI3K/mTOR signaling control of eIF4F assembly, as well as compounds that more directly block eIF4F activity.