gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Characterization of UWB Antennas for On-Body Communications (2009)

In this paper, the radiation of three types of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas is experimentally characterized for near/on human body scenarios. The transmission performance for vertical and horizontal polarizations is measured at different body orientations. The received pulses are analyzed in the time domain by selecting Dirac impulse and sine-modulated Gaussian monocycle as source pulses. The peak-to-peak amplitudes, fidelity, and stretch ratio of the waveforms of the received pulses are computed based on the measured results. In measurements, three types of UWB antennas are studied, namely an omnidirectional monopole antenna, directional suspended plate antenna, and printed diversity antenna. From the study, it is found that the omnidirectional antenna experiences an increase in the transmission due to the reflections from the body but suffers from narrower horizontal coverage due to a higher attenuation as the body turns away from the transmit antenna compared to the directional antenna. However, the directional antenna is less sensitive to the distance of the antenna away from the body in vertical and horizontal polarizations. The diversity antenna is able to maintain high peak-to-peak amplitudes in the waveforms of received pulses for both polarizations and the high fidelity when it is placed near the body. Therefore, the printed diversity antenna is suitable for on-body-centric communications with improved quality of the overall radio-frequency link.
Synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidines (1973)

Abstract Cyclization of benzoyl derivatives of N ‐substituted trimethylenediamines with polyphosphoric acid or the corresponding ethyl ester, afforded 1, 2‐disubstituted‐1, 4, 5, 6‐tetrahydropyrimidines. PPE was the more advantageous reagent. The excessive protonation of the starting material and the cleavage of the ether function produced by PPA explains the failure of this reagent to cause ring closure in some cases. Synthesis of the starting materials is described. Analytical and spectroscopic data of the new compounds are presented.
PER2 Variation is Associated with Diurnal Preference in a Korean Young Population (2010)

The PER2 gene has been reported to influence diurnal preference. In this study, we have attempted to characterize the associations between the PER2 gene polymorphisms and diurnal preference in a population of healthy young subjects, controlling for the social and environmental confounding factors. Subjects were 299 students in a college, carefully selected to be mentally and physically healthy. All subjects completed the 13-item composite scale for morningness (CSM). PER2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-based methods. Genotype and allele carrier status of a PER2 G3853A polymorphism (rs934945) were associated with CSM scores. Carriers of the 3853G allele showed significantly higher CSM scores (P = 0.004, P = 0.009, and P = 0.001; total, morningness, and activity plan, respectively). There were no significant differences on CSM scores among genotypes and allele status of PER2 rs2304672. This result indicates that rs934945 of PER2 may be associated with diurnal preference in a Korean healthy population.
Counting Belief Propagation (2012)

A major benefit of graphical models is that most knowledge is captured in the model structure. Many models, however, produce inference problems with a lot of symmetries not reflected in the graphical structure and hence not exploitable by efficient inference techniques such as belief propagation (BP). In this paper, we present a new and simple BP algorithm, called counting BP, that exploits such additional symmetries. Starting from a given factor graph, counting BP first constructs a compressed factor graph of clusternodes and clusterfactors, corresponding to sets of nodes and factors that are indistinguishable given the evidence. Then it runs a modified BP algorithm on the compressed graph that is equivalent to running BP on the original factor graph. Our experiments show that counting BP is applicable to a variety of important AI tasks such as (dynamic) relational models and boolean model counting, and that significant efficiency gains are obtainable, often by orders of magnitude.
Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation With Iterative Decoding for Mobile Satellite Communications (1997)

In this paper, analytical bounds on the performance of parallel concatenation of two codes, known as turbo codes, and serial concatenation of two codes over fading channels are obtained. Based on this analysis, design criteria for the selection of component trellis codes for MPSK modulation, and a suitable bit-by-bit iterative decoding structure are proposed. Examples are given for throughput of 2 bits/sec/Hz with 8PSK modulation. The parallel concatenation example uses two rate 4/5 8-state convolutional codes with two interleavers. The convolutional codes' outputs are then mapped to two 8PSK modulations. The serial concatenated code example uses an 8-state outer code with rate 4/5 and a 4-state inner trellis code with 5 inputs and 2 x 8PSK outputs per trellis branch. Based on the above mentioned design criteria for fading channels, a method to obtain he structure of the trellis code with maximum diversity is proposed. Simulation results are given for AWGN and an independent Rayleigh fading channel with perfect Channel State Information (CSI).
Thermodynamics of a Superconducting Energy Converter (1962)

A thermodynamic analysis is given for an energy conversion process which employs the phase transition in a superconductor. The conversion process is a cyclic one. An expression for the conversion efficiency is obtained. Quantitative estimates are calculated from the formula for several superconducting materials. These indicate that conversion efficiencies as high as 44% may be obtainable under ideal conditions.
Multiobjective route selection for car navigation system using genetic algorithm (2005)

Route planning is an important problem for a car navigation system. Given a set of origin-destination pair, there could be many possible routes for a driver. Search for shortest route from one point to another on a weighted graph is a well known problem and has several solutions like Dijkstra algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm etc. But in case of car navigation systems the shortest path may not be the best one from the point of view of driver's satisfaction. So, for a practical car navigation system in dynamical environment, we need to specify multiple and separate good (near optimal) choices according to multiple criteria which make the search space too large to find out the solution in real time by deterministic algorithms. Genetic algorithms (GA) are now widely used to solve search problems with applications in practical routing and optimization problems. GA includes a variety of quasi optimal solutions, which can be obtained in a given time. In this work we propose a GA based algorithm to find out simultaneously several alternate routes depending on different criterion according to driver's choice such as shortest path by distance, path which contains minimum number of turns, path passing through mountains or by the side of a river etc. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated by simulation experiment using real road map compared to other existing GA based algorithms. It has been found that the proposed algorithm is quite efficient in finding alternate non overlapping routes with different characteristics.
Encrypting Files and Volumes (2010)

A common theme that you may be noticing in this book revolves around the concept of confidentiality. In a computer security context, confidentiality is the notion that sensitive data is accessible by only those users who have been approved or authorized for access to that data. For many organizations, and indeed for many malfeasants, data confidentiality is the most significant aspect of security. Certainly sabotage is a significant threat to many organizations, and often a source of incentive for many hackers, but more often than not the end-goal is to gain access to information. Whether it’s personal information that facilitates identity theft, or highly valuable corporate secrets, information is highly valuable, both to you and those that would do you harm. In many corporate environments, the policy to encrypt data may be simply due to legal necessity, as there is liability involved with leaking certain data, such as personally identifiable information and payment records. Recent research indicates that loss of corporate secrets can result in an even more dangerous financial windfall for a company. Thus, protecting that data should always serve as job number one for end user’s and system administrators alike.
Parallel File System Testing for the Lunatic Fringe: The Care and Feeding of Restless I/O Power Users (2005)

Over the last several years there has been a major thrust at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory toward building extremely large scale computing clusters based on open source software and commodity hardware. On the storage front, our efforts have focused upon the development of the Lustre file system and bringing it into production in our computer center. Given our customers' requirements, it is assured that we will be living on the bleeding edge with this file system software as we press it into production. A further reality is that our partners are not able to duplicate the scale of systems as required for these testing purposes. For these practical reasons, the onus for file system testing at scale has fallen largely upon us. As an integral part of our testing efforts, we have developed programs for stress and performance testing of parallel file systems. This paper focuses on these unique test programs and upon how we apply them to understand the usage and failure modes of such large-scale parallel file systems.
An automatized system for the assessment of nutritive sucking behavior in infants: A preliminary analysis on term neonates (2014)

Nutritive Sucking (NS) is a highly organized process that can reflect infants' maturation during the early post-natal period. The assessment of NS may provide a sensitive means of evaluating early motor skills and their development. Thus, a reliable tool for assessing sucking behavior may benefit diagnostics and treatment of newborns since the first days of life. The aim of this work is to propose an automatized system to measure sucking ability and calculate a set of objective and quantitative indices for its assessment. We focused on the analysis of the Intraoral Pressure (IP) generated by infants while feeding: an ad-hoc designed software application was developed to analyze the signal obtained by a pressure transducer connected with a catheter placed through a standard bottle teat into the oral cavity during feeding. Automatic algorithms for suck and burst identification and for their characterization are described. We carried out a preliminary test of the system, analyzing data from two healthy term newborns, tested twice over time (1-2 days old and 6-10 weeks later). We calculated a set of different sucking parameters (e.g. sucking amplitude, frequency and area), and proposed some indices, that are typically used for the assessment of motor control, in order to assess the smoothness of IP. Results encourage further investigation of the proposed system for monitoring the development of early sucking skills.
Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Adult-onset Asthma in Women (1999)

The BMI has a strong, independent, and positive association with risk of adult-onset asthma. The increasing prevalence of obesity in developed nations may help explain concomitant increases in asthma prevalence.
The Aging Heart (2001)

Morphologic, physiologic, and cellular changes in the cardiovascular system are associated with the normal aging process.


The prevalence of cardiovascular disease processes, including chronic ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, arrhythmias, and valvular heart disease, changes with age.


Medical therapy should be focused on cardiovascular risk factor modification as well as preservation of cardiac preload, heart rate, and contractility.


The value of surgical or interventional therapy must be assessed for age.


Peer recommendations for the management of cardiovascular diseases in the older patient must be considered.
Zeolitic properties of mixed hexacyanoferrate(II) : K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2.xH2O (1981)

The crystal structure of K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2. xH2O is briefly recalled. It shows ellipsoidal cavities whose free volume is 0.215 cm3 g–1. They are linked by ellipsoidal apertures with dimensions 3.9 and 5.2 Å. 8.5 H2O molecules occupy these cavities. They can all be removed by evacuation and heating up to 393 K; the crystal is thermally stable up to 493 K.Water-vapour isotherms are obtained. H2O molecules can be replaced by other guest molecules and thus CO, N2, C2H4 and C2H6 adsorption isotherms are also obtained.The material exhibits a molecular sieving effect with molecules whose diameters are larger than the pore sizes.
Extending the lifetime of flash-based storage through reducing write amplification from file systems (2013)

Flash memory has gained in popularity as storage devices for both enterprise and embedded systems because of its high performance, low energy and reduced cost. The endurance problem of flash memory, however, is still a challenge and is getting worse as storage density increases with the adoption of multi-level cells (MLC). Prior work has addressed wear leveling and data reduction, but there is significantly less work on using the file system to improve flash lifetimes. Some common mechanisms in traditional file systems, such as journaling, metadata synchronization, and page-aligned update, can induce extra write operations and aggravate the wear of flash memory. This problem is called write amplification from file systems.In order to mitigate write amplification, we propose an object-based flash translation layer design (OFTL), in which mechanisms are co-designed with flash memory. By leveraging page metadata, OFTL enables lazy persistence of index metadata and eliminates journals while keeping consistency. Coarse-grained block state maintenance reduces persistent free space management overhead. With byte-unit access interfaces, OFTL is able to compact and co-locate the small updates with metadata to further reduce updates. Experiments show that an OFTL-based system, OFSS, offers a write amplification reduction of 47.4%-89.4% in SYNC mode and 19.8%-64.0% in ASYNC mode compared with ext3, ext2, and btrfs on an up-to-date page-level FTL.
Genetic Manipulation of the Obligate Chemolithoautotrophic Bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans (2012)

Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria can be of industrial and environmental importance, but they present a challenge for systems biology studies, as their central metabolism deviates from that of model organisms and there is a much less extensive experimental basis for their gene annotation than for typical organoheterotrophs. For microbes with sequenced genomes but unconventional metabolism, the ability to create knockout mutations can be a powerful tool for functional genomics and thereby render an organism more amenable to systems biology approaches. In this chapter, we describe a genetic system for Thiobacillus denitrificans, with which insertion mutations can be introduced by homologous recombination and complemented in trans. Insertion mutations are generated by in vitro transposition, the mutated genes are amplified by the PCR, and the amplicons are introduced into T. denitrificans by electroporation. Use of a complementation vector, pTL2, based on the IncP plasmid pRR10 is also addressed.
Potential bile acid metabolites. 6. Stereoisomeric 3,7-dihydroxy-5.beta.-cholanic acids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential bile acid metabolites. 6. Stereoisomeric 3,7-dihydroxy-5.beta.-cholanic acidsTakashi Iida and Frederic C. ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 15, 2966–2972Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00136a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00136a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Supplementation with a Combination of Antioxidant Vitamins and Trace Elements, at Nutritional Doses, on Biochemical Indicators and Markers of the Antioxidant System in Adult Subjects (1998)

This study demonstrates the efficacy of an intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements, given at nutritional doses, on biochemical indicators of vitamin and trace elements status.
Speedup versus efficiency in parallel systems (1989)

The tradeoff between speedup and efficiency that is inherent to a software system is investigated. The extent to which this tradeoff is determined by the average parallelism of the software system, as contrasted with other, more detailed, characterizations, is shown. The extent to which both speedup and efficiency can simultaneously be poor is bound: it is shown that for any software system and any number of processors, the sum of the average processor utilization (i.e. efficiency) and the attained fraction of the maximum possible speedup must exceed one. Bounds are given on speedup and efficiency, and on the incremental benefit and cost of allocating additional processors. An explicit formulation, as well as bounds, are given for the location of the knee of the execution time-efficiency profile, where the benefit per unit cost is maximized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mixer-based, vector-corrected, vector signal/network analyzer offering 300kHz-20GHz bandwidth and traceable phase response (2005)

We describe an instrument that uses directional bridges and a five-channel, mixer-based receiver to make vector-corrected measurements of signals from 0.3MHz to 20GHz. This instrument yields voltage, current or travelling waves in either time-domain or frequency-domain with /spl ap/85dB SFDR and with phase accuracy that can be traced to national standards laboratories. The instrument is used to characterize the effect of an amplifier on a wideband complex-modulated signal. Results are compared with data gathered using a calibrated sampling oscilloscope equipped to capture long records with timebase correction. We show effects such as input-impedance induced distortion that can be seen only with this new instrument.
A Low-Loss Distributed 2-Bit W-Band MEMS Phase Shifter (2003)

A low-loss 2-bit wide-band distributed microelectromechanical system transmission line (DMTL) phase shifter has been developed on a 500 μm glass substrate for W-band operation. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) design is periodically loaded by MEMS switches in series with high-Q MAM (Metal-Air-Metal) capacitors, and shows a reflection coefficient better than -11 dB through the whole W-band frequency range (75-110 GHz) and phase shifts of 0°, 89.3°, 180.1°, 272° at 81 GHz with an average insertion losses of -2.2 dB. This is currently the lowest-loss phase shifter at W-band frequencies.
Rapid Evolution of PARP Genes Suggests a Broad Role for ADP-Ribosylation in Host-Virus Conflicts (2014)

Post-translational protein modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation are common molecular targets of conflict between viruses and their hosts. However, the role of other post-translational modifications, such as ADP-ribosylation, in host-virus interactions is less well characterized. ADP-ribosylation is carried out by proteins encoded by the PARP (also called ARTD) gene family. The majority of the 17 human PARP genes are poorly characterized. However, one PARP protein, PARP13/ZAP, has broad antiviral activity and has evolved under positive (diversifying) selection in primates. Such evolution is typical of domains that are locked in antagonistic 'arms races' with viral factors. To identify additional PARP genes that may be involved in host-virus interactions, we performed evolutionary analyses on all primate PARP genes to search for signatures of rapid evolution. Contrary to expectations that most PARP genes are involved in 'housekeeping' functions, we found that nearly one-third of PARP genes are evolving under strong recurrent positive selection. We identified a >300 amino acid disordered region of PARP4, a component of cytoplasmic vault structures, to be rapidly evolving in several mammalian lineages, suggesting this region serves as an important host-pathogen specificity interface. We also found positive selection of PARP9, 14 and 15, the only three human genes that contain both PARP domains and macrodomains. Macrodomains uniquely recognize, and in some cases can reverse, protein mono-ADP-ribosylation, and we observed strong signatures of recurrent positive selection throughout the macro-PARP macrodomains. Furthermore, PARP14 and PARP15 have undergone repeated rounds of gene birth and loss during vertebrate evolution, consistent with recurrent gene innovation. Together with previous studies that implicated several PARPs in immunity, as well as those that demonstrated a role for virally encoded macrodomains in host immune evasion, our evolutionary analyses suggest that addition, recognition and removal of ADP-ribosylation is a critical, underappreciated currency in host-virus conflicts.
Decision Tables: Scalable Classification Exploring RDBMS Capabilities (2000)

In this paper, we report our success in building efficient scalable classifiers in the form of decision tables by exploring capabilities of modern relational database management systems. In addition to high classification accuracy, the unique features of the approach include its high training speed, linear scalability, and simplicity in implementation. More importantly, the major computation required in the approach can be implemented using standard functions provided by the modern relational DBMS. This not only makes implementation of the classifier extremely easy, further performance improvement is also expected when better processing strategies for those computations are developed and implemented in RDBMS. The novel classification approach based on grouping and counting and its implementation on top of RDBMS is described. The results