gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Occludin and Claudins 1, 3, 4, and 7 in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract (2008)

The contacts between epithelial cells are maintained mainly by adherens junctions and tight junctions (TJs). However, the role of TJ proteins in cancer is not well understood. We studied the expression of occludin and 4 claudins to assess their importance in the progression of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UC-UUT). In 129 cases, we examined their expression using immunohistochemical analysis and also their relationships to clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome. Positive expression of occludin and claudins 1, 3, 4, and 7 were recognized in 117 (90.7%), 113 (87.6%), 95 (73.6%), 127 (98.4%), and 123 (95.3%) of tumor samples, respectively. Claudin-3 expression was significantly associated with stage, grade, and pattern of growth. Claudins 1 and 4 expression was significantly associated with stage. However, neither occludin nor claudin-7 expression was associated with clinicopathologic findings. When tumors with scores below the median for a given protein were classified as the "low expression group," univariate analysis of overall survival revealed that claudins 1 and 3 had a significant effect on overall survival. Detection of claudins 1, 3, and 4 would seem to provide valuable information about the progression of UC-UUT.
Expanding low dynamic range videos for high dynamic range applications (2008)

In this paper we introduce an algorithm and related methods that expand the contrast range of Low Dynamic Range (LDR) videos in order to regenerate missing High Dynamic Range (HDR) data. For content generated from single exposure LDR sequences, this is clearly an under constrained problem. We achieved the expansion by inverting established tone mapping operator, a process we term inverse tone mapping. This approach is augmented by a number of methods which help expand the luminance for the required pixels while avoiding artifacts. These methods may be used to convert the large libraries of available legacy LDR content for use, for instance, on new content-starved HDR devices. Moreover, these same methods may be used to provide animated emissive surfaces for image based lighting (IBL). We demonstrate results for all the above applications and validate the resultant HDR videos with original HDR references using the HDR Visual Difference Predictor (HDR-VDP) image metric.
The Metabolism of Nitrate and Ammonia by Chlorella (1960)

In an investigation of the effects of manganese deficiency in Chlorella (11, 12) it was observed that the amlino acid composition of cells fed ammonium chloride differs from that of cells given potassium nitrate. To study this further, the changes in non- protein amino acids were measured after the addition of ammonium chloride or potassium nitrate to nitrogen deficient cultures grown either autotrophically or mixotrophically. The results are of interest with respect to the conversion of inorganic nitrogeni to organic forms.
Identifying Mechanisms of Interfacial Dynamics Using Single-Molecule Tracking (2012)

The "soft" (i.e., noncovalent) interactions between molecules and surfaces are complex and highly varied (e.g., hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and ionic), often leading to heterogeneous interfacial behavior. Heterogeneity can arise either from the spatial variation of the surface/interface itself or from molecular configurations (i.e., conformation, orientation, aggregation state, etc.). By observing the adsorption, diffusion, and desorption of individual fluorescent molecules, single-molecule tracking can characterize these types of heterogeneous interfacial behavior in ways that are inaccessible to traditional ensemble-averaged methods. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity or emission wavelength (in resonance energy transfer experiments) can be used to track the molecular configuration and simultaneously directly relate this to the resulting interfacial mobility or affinity. In this feature article, we review recent advances involving the use of single-molecule tracking to characterize heterogeneous molecule-surface interactions including multiple modes of diffusion and desorption associated with both internal and external molecular configuration, Arrhenius-activated interfacial transport, spatially dependent interactions, and many more.
Shape from video (2003)

This paper presents a novel technique for recovering the shape of a static scene from a video sequence due to a rigidly moving camera. The solution procedure consists of two stages. In the first stage, the rigid motion of the camera at each instant in time is recovered. This provides the transformation between successive viewing positions. The solution is achieved through new constraints which relate 3D motion and shape directly to the image derivatives. These constraints allow to combine the processes of 3D motion estimation and segmentation by exploiting the geometry and statistics inherent in the data. In the second stage the scene surfaces are reconstructed through an optimization procedure which utilizes data from all the frames of the video sequence. A number of experimental results demonstrate the potential of the approach.
Effect of the Self Etching Dentin Primers on the Bonding Efficacy of a Dentin Adhesive (1989)

The efficacy of marketed and experimental self etching dentin primers which contained dicarboxylic acids or their esterified salts diluted in 35% hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) solution were studied by measuring the wall-to-wall polymerization contraction of the light curing composite in the cylindrical dentin cavity and the tensile bond strength to the flat dentin surface. In both of the measurements, a marketed dentin bonding agent and resin monomer was applied after the treatment with experimental primers and a marketed primer, respectively. It was revealed that two experimental primers composed of the methacryloxyethyl-succinate or methacryloxyethyl-phthalate and HEMA, exhibited a remarkable effect on the bonding efficacy of a dentin adhesive employed in this study. A marketed primer which contained maleic acid and HEMA could not improve the bonding between the resin and dentin cavity wall although a significantly high bonding strength (11.9 +/- 5.7 MPa) was obtained after 24 hours.
Knowledge-Based Approach to Real-Time Supervisory Control (1988)

Increasing complexity of industrial plants necessitates the usage of advanced programming techniques in process control. Artificial Intelligence programming offers new opportunities in constructing complex software systems. This paper describes an approach which has been used to build Intelligent Process Control System (IPCS). IPCS expand the conventional process control systems with an additional, "knowledge-based layer", where declarative programming methods are used extensively. The knowledge-based components represent a model of the process from multiple viewpoints and the simulator, monitor, control, diagnostics and operator interface subsystems are coupled to a symbolic process database. A special architecture, the Multigraph Architecture has been used as a general framework for integrating symbolic and numeric programming techniques in a distributed environment. The knowledge-based components have been implemented as "Autonomous Communicating Objects". The application of concurrent programming techniques made possible the introduction of new approaches in the design of the monitoring and diagnostic system. A prototype IPCS has been implemented on a network of VAX computers.
V2V Data Offloading for Cellular Network Based on the Software Defined Network (SDN) Inside Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) Architecture (2018)

Data offloading plays an important role for the mobile data explosion problem that occurs in cellular networks. This paper proposed an idea and control scheme for offloading vehicular communication traffic in the cellular network to vehicle to vehicle (V2V) paths that can exist in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). A software-defined network (SDN) inside the mobile edge computing (MEC) architecture, which is abbreviated as the SDNi-MEC server, is devised in this paper to tackle the complicated issues of VANET V2V offloading. Using the proposed SDNi-MEC architecture, each vehicle reports its contextual information to the context database of the SDNi-MEC server, and the SDN controller of the SDNi-MEC server calculates whether there is a V2V path between the two vehicles that are currently communicating with each other through the cellular network. This proposed method: 1) uses each vehicle's context; 2) adopts a centralized management strategy for calculation and notification; and 3) tries to establish a VANET routing path for paired vehicles that are currently communicating with each other using a cellular network. The performance analysis for the proposed offloading control scheme based on the SDNi-MEC server architecture shows that it has better throughput in both the cellular networking link and the V2V paths when the vehicle's density is in the middle.
Cathode design of aero-engine blades in electrochemical machining based on characteristics of electric and electrolyte flow field (2008)

The procedure for cathode design in electrochemical machining (ECM) is plagued by limited applicability, inaccuracy, and nonconvergence. So cathode design is a difficult problem must be faced and solved in ECM. We develop a new numerical approach for cathode design by employing a finite element method and this approach has been applied in the cathode design of aero-engine blades in ECM. The mathematic models of the electric filed and electrolyte flow filed distribution in EMC process are described primarily. Then the realization procedure of this approach is presented, in which the effects of electric filed and electrolyte flow filed distribution within the inter-electrode gap domain are concentrated. In order to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathodes, the experiments are conducted using an industrial scale electrochemical machining system. The experimental results demonstrate that the machined blade have high surface quality and dimensional accuracy which proves the proposed approach for cathode design of aero-engine blades in ECM is applicable and valuable.
[Molecular cloning of chlortetracycline resistance gene from chlortetracycline producer Streptomyces aureofaciens]. (1990)

The chlortetracycline (CT) resistance gene ctr was cloned from S. aureofaciens 633, a strain producing the antibiotic. The 6.6-kb DNA Bam HI fragment containing the resistance gene was cloned with the plasmid vector pIJ699. Comparison of the restriction maps of the cloned gene and the oxytetracycline (OT) resistance gene otrA from S. rimosus revealed their similarity which enabled identification of the cloned resistance gene as otrA. Investigation of the resistance determinants in S. aureofaciens 633 made it possible to identify a mtr gene(s). It was demonstrated that introduction of a ctrA gene into S. lividance provided a simultaneous increase in the resistance of the recipient strain to CT and a number of macrolide antibiotics. The CT resistance determinants in S. lividans TK64 showed properties of exogenous induction by CT and the macrolide antibiotics similar to the properties of the mtr gene(s) of S. aureofaciens. Possible adaptation properties of mtr genes are discussed.
A New Mechanism in Serine Proteases Catalysis Exhibited by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV) (1996)

Herein we present results of semiempirical molecular orbital calculations employing the PM3 molecular model. The compounds studied are related to substrates of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV). Our goal was the thermodynamic characterization of the DP IV-enzyme-catalyzed reaction pathway. A new mechanism of serine proteases catalysis is presented. We found that a tetrahedral intermediate can be stabilized by the formation of an oxazolidine ring with the nonscissile P2-P1 peptide bond. In this way, the negative charge of the tetrahedral intermediate around the scissile bond is transferred to the carbonyl oxygen atom of the preceding peptide bond. This negative charge can be compensated by a proton transfer from the positively charged N-terminus to this oxygen atom. It is shown that the positively charged N-terminus is the driving force in this particular serine protease mechanism of catalysis. The mechanism is supported by observed secondary hydrogen isotope effects on the C alpha proton for an alanine residue in the P2 position. We suggest a trans-cis isomerisation around the P2-P1 peptide bond in the final step of the acylation and cleavage of the substrates. The results obtained by our theoretical calculations are compared with several experimental findings supporting the suggested mechanism.
Macromodeling of integrated circuit operational amplifiers (1974)

A macromodel has been developed for integrated circuit (IC) op amps which provides an excellent pin-for-pin representation. The model elements are those which are common to most circuit simulators. The macromodel is a factor of more than six times less complex than the original circuit, and provides simulated circuit responses that have run times which are an order of magnitude faster and less costly in comparison to modeling the op amp at the electronic device level. Expressions for the values of the elements of the macromodel are developed starting from values of typical response characteristics of the op amp. Examples are given for three representative op amps. In addition, the performance of the macromodel in linear and nonlinear systems is presented. For comparison, the simulated circuit performance when modeling at the device level is also demonstrated.
Enhancement of photoluminescence intensity of GaAs with cubic GaS chemical vapor deposited using a structurally designed single-source precursor (1993)

A two order-of-magnitude enhancement of photoluminescence intensity relative to untreated GaAs has been observed for GaAs surfaces coated with chemical vapor-deposited GaS. The increase in photoluminescence intensity can be viewed as an effective reduction in surface recombination velocity and/or band bending. The gallium cluster [(t-Bu)GaS]4 was used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of GaS thin films. The cubane core of the structurally characterized precursor is retained in the deposited film producing a cubic phase. Furthermore, a near-epitaxial growth is observed for the GaS passivating layer. Films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopies.
Kentucky No-Fault: An Analysis and Interpretation (1976)

I.should not have passed the bill." 6It comes as no surprise, that few Kentuckians, citizens as well as practitioners, understand what was finally enacted.While the General Assembly relied chiefly upon the UM-VARA, it made significant departures from the Uniform Act to satisfy several special interest groups and to cope with a potential constitutional roadblock.These changes were implemented by special drafting and by borrowing selected provisions from Florida's No-Fault Act. 7 As a result of this aberation, Ken-,
Program partitioning for multithreaded dataflow computers (2002)

A compile-time partitioning strategy for multithreaded dataflow computers is presented. The proposed scheme is based on the minimum granularity required to maximally utilize a given processor pipeline. To determine such a partition, architectural and program characteristics, such as the frequency and the delays of split-phase loads and their effect on the parallelism required, are considered. Once these parameters are known, a partition can be chosen that best matches the capability of a given multithreaded dataflow multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MOSFET gate resistance determination (2003)

A simple and reliable method to determine a MOSFET's gate resistance (Rg) directly from S-parameter measurements is presented. The extracted data agree well with the data predicted by transmission line theory and show that the main contribution of the transistor's input resistance (Rin) comes from the gate electrode resistance for devices with channel length below 0.2 µm.
Abnormal magnesium metabolism in two rat models of genetic hypertension (1992)

Magnesium concentrations in erythrocyte ghosts and arterial tissue of male, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were significantly less than in these tissues of male normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto; WKY) of the same age, which were also fed rat chow and tap water. The magnesium concentration in SHR erythrocyte ghosts was increased to the control value by incubating SHR erythrocytes with WKY blood plasma; SHR plasma did not affect the magnesium concentration in WKY erythrocyte ghosts. The magnesium concentrations in erythrocyte ghosts, aortas, and mesenteric arteries from female salt-sensitive (SS/JR) and salt-resistant (SR/JR) Dahl-derived rats, both maintained ad libitum on laboratory rat chow and either tap water or 0.9% NaCl, were not different but were significantly less than those of Sprague-Dawley rats considered as controls. While the ingestion of 0.9% NaCl had no effect on the magnesium concentrations measured in these animals, it caused the salt-sensitive rats to become severely hypertensive. It is evident from these observations that the decreased binding of magnesium to the plasma membrane of cells may be an inheritable metabolic defect that may be associated with the development of hypertension. However, in those instances of hypertension in which this defect occurs, it appears to be a contributing cause of the hypertension; by itself the defect is not a cause of hypertension.
High turbulence liquid chromatography online extraction and tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and its two metabolites in human serum (2005)

A reliable and sensitive method incorporating high turbulence liquid chromatography (HTLC) online extraction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for simultaneous determination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and its two metabolites, SAHA-glucuronide (M1) and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid (M2), in human serum, has been developed to support clinical studies. The HTLC technology significantly reduces the time required for sample clean-up since sample extraction and analysis are performed online. Clinical samples, internal standards (IS) and buffer are transferred into 96-well plates using a robotic liquid handling system. A 20 microL aliquot of prepared sample is directly injected into the HTLC/LC-MS/MS system where the matrix is rapidly washed away to waste and the analytes are retained on the narrow-bore extraction column (0.5 x 50 mm), using an aqueous mobile phase at 1.5 mL/min. Analytes are then eluted from the extraction column and transferred to the analytical column using a gradient mobile phase prior to detection by MS/MS. Interference with determination of SAHA from in-source dissociation of M1 is eliminated by the chromatographic separation. The resolution of SAHA and M1 did not change for more than 1500 serum sample injections by applying an acid wash (15% acetic acid) on the extraction column. The linear calibration ranges for SAHA, M1, and M2 are 2-500, 5-2000, and 10-2000 ng/mL, respectively. Assay intraday validation was conducted using five calibration curves prepared in five lots of human control serum. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 6.8% and accuracy is 94.6-102.9% of nominal values for all three analytes. Assay specificity, freeze/thaw stability, storage stability, and matrix effects were also assessed.
Radiation‐Tolerant Flexible Large‐Area Electronics Based on Oxide Semiconductors (2016)

Large‐area electronics for applications in environments with radioactive contamination or medical X‐ray detectors require materials and devices resistant to continuous ionizing radiation exposure. Here the superior X‐ray radiation hardness of oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) based on gallium‐indium‐zinc oxide is demonstrated, when compared to organic ones. In the experiments both TFTs are subjected to X‐ray radiation and their performances are monitored as a function of total ionizing dose. Flexible oxide TFTs maintain a constant mobility of 10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 even after exposure to doses of 410 krad(SiO 2 ), whereas organic TFTs lose 55% of their transport performance. The exceptional resistance of oxide semiconductors ionization damage is attributed to their intrinsic properties such as independence of transport on long‐range order and large heat of formation.
Crohn disease: A current perspective on genetics, autophagy and immunity (2011)

Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Prevalence in Western populations is 100-150/100,000 and somewhat higher in Ashkenazi Jews. Peak incidence is in early adult life, although any age can be affected and a majority of affected individuals progress to relapsing and chronic disease. Medical treatments rely significantly on empirical corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppression, and intestinal resectional surgery is frequently required. Thus, 80% of patients with CD come to surgery for refractory disease or complications. It is hoped that an improved understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, for example by studying the genetic basis of CD and other forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), will lead to improved therapies and possibly preventative strategies in individuals identified as being at risk.
Electronic Control Units of Bosch EDC Systems (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Todays injection systems for diesel engines work with highly sophisticated mechanical governors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">But only by electronic control of diesel injection systems will it be possible to comply with the emission regulations and to achieve better performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In 1986 BOSCH started volume production of Electronic Diesel Control (EDC).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will concentrate on the electronic control unit (ECU) as it was designed for use in passenger cars.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The production ECU and the planned next-step ECU are outlined, explaining hardware and software. An outlook of development goals of the future EDC control-units is given.</div>
Utilization of full-waveform data in airborne laser scanning applications (2007)

Direct detection laser radar systems with echo signal digitization and subsequent full waveform analysis provide additional information on the target's properties compared to conventional discrete echo systems. We focus on the advantages of utilizing the additional information especially in the course of airborne laser scanning, improving for example the mandatory process for classifying the measurement data for generating high-quality digital terrain models. We present field data to demonstrate the superiority of full-waveform data over conventional laser data.
Synthesis of Diamond Thin Films by Thermal CVD Using Organic Compounds (1986)

Diamond thin films have been formed by thermal chemical vapor deposition (thermal CVD) using the organic compounds such as CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, CH 3 COCH 3 C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 , and (CH 3 ) 3 N. The films are grown on the silicon substrates with high growth rate (8–10 µm/h) under the pressure ranging 1–800 Torr. This growth rate is ten or several ten times faster than the CVD method using hydrocarbons such as CH 4 and C 2 H 2 . The films have good crystallinity and high quality in the sense of electron diffraction and Raman spectrum. The Vicker's hardness of the film is about 10000 kg/mm 2 and the gravity of that is about 3.52 g/cm 3 .