gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Lysine, Ammonium Poly-Phosphate and Urea in Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs (1972)

Five experiments using 424 growing pigs were conducted to determine (a) the value of urea when added to a diet with soybean meal as the only intact protein source, (b) the value of urea and ammonium polyphos-phate (APP) substituted for part of the nitrogen in practical diets with and without lysine supplementation, (c) the effect of ly-sine supplementation at two protein levels and (d) the value of APP as a source of phosphorus. Urea, APP, and a combination of APP and urea were ineffective in improving gain and gain/feed when added to a low protein diet with or without L-lysine supplementation. In all experiments where 0.12 to 0.25% L-lysine was added, there was an improvement in gain and gain/feed with both the low and high protein diets with and without nonspecific nitrogen additions (although not significant for both in a few cases). The responses were usually greater at the lower protein level. However, 0.40% L-lysine resulted in no improvement in gain compared with the diets containing no supplemental lysine. Serum urea nitrogen levels were elevated for pigs fed diets containing urea or APP. It appears that the phosphorus supplied by APP can be utilized by the pig.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Convenient Reduction of Aralkyl Ketones (I) to Alcohols (II) Using Raney Nickel‐Ammonium Formate. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel microfluidic device for the continuous separation of cancer cells using dielectrophoresis (2016)

We describe the design, microfabrication, and testing of a microfluidic device for the separation of cancer cells based on dielectrophoresis. Cancer cells, specifically green fluorescent protein-labeled MDA-MB-231, are successfully separated from a heterogeneous mixture of the same and normal blood cells. MDA-MB-231 cancer cells are separated with an accuracy that enables precise detection and counting of circulating tumor cells present among normal blood cells. The separation is performed using a set of planar interdigitated transducer electrodes that are deposited on the surface of a glass wafer and slightly protrude into the separation microchannel at one side. The device includes two parts, namely, a glass wafer and polydimethylsiloxane element. The device is fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques. All experiments are conducted with low conductivity sucrose-dextrose isotonic medium. The variation in response between MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and normal cells to a certain band of alternating-current frequencies is used for continuous separation of cells. The fabrication of the microfluidic device, preparation of cells and medium, and flow conditions are detailed. The proposed microdevice can be used to detect and separate malignant cells from heterogeneous mixture of cells for the purpose of early screening for cancer.
Signal to cut-off (S/CO) ratio and detection of HCV genotype 1 by real-time PCR one-step method: is there any direct relationship? (2010)

The methodology used was able to detect the presence of RNA-HCV genotype I in 90% of the samples serologically positive in group B. All negative samples were sent to search for other genotypes of HCV (genotypes 2-6) and were confirmed as negative. These data suggests that these negative samples may have HCV RNA viral load below the detection limit of our test (310 IU/ mL), or a false positive result in serological test, or spontaneous viral clearance occurred.
Measurement and prediction of the mechanical properties of a two-component food during freezing (2016)

Freezing of water-rich materials inevitably leads to changes in volume and thermal stresses. Determining and modeling the thermal stresses require the mechanical properties of the food material to be properly measured or predicted during freezing. This paper investigated mechanical properties such as the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio in chicken nugget crust and crumb samples at the different freezing temperatures (‒20, ‒30, and ‒40°C). Mechanical properties were measured by compression tests at seven nugget-center temperatures and a continuous video capturing method during the freezing process. Results showed that ice formation led to a sharp increase in the Young’s modulus of samples, however, a gradual decrease in Poisson’s ratio values was observed as the nuggets’ center temperature approached the freezing point. Therefore, the greatest changes were observed at the freezing point. Kinetic and fitting equations were used to model the Young’s modulus, and the Arrhenius equation was used to describe the temperature dependence. The predicted values by the models were found in close agreement with the experimental results.
Status of antimalarial drugs under development. (1995)

Despite the urgent need of a new antimalarial drugs, particularly those against multiresistant falciparum malaria, only a limited number of drugs are now at an advanced stage of preclinical or clinical development. They include artemisinin derivatives, pyronaridine and benflumetol (all originally developed in China), as well as new antifolate combinations, the hydroxynaphoquinone atovaquone which has a novel mode of action, and a new 8-aminoquinoline which appears more active and less toxic than primaquine. Some of these drugs may become available in the next few years. It is therefore essential to find mechanisms to ensure that they are made available at an affordable price to the populations that really need them.
Some Comments on the Minimum mean Square Error as a Criterion of Estimation. (1980)

Abstract : It is shown that estimators obtained by MMSE (minimizing the mean square error) may not have optimum properties with respect to other criteria such as PN (probability of nearness to the true value in the sense of Pitman) or PC (probability of concentration around the true value). In particular, a detailed study is made of estimators obtained by shrinking the minimum variance unbiased estimators to reduce the MSE. It is suggested that because of mathematical convenience and some intuitive considerations, MMSE could be used as a primitive postulate to derive estimators, but their acceptability should be judged on more intrinsic criteria such as PN and PC. (Author)
Security and composition of cryptographic protocols (2006)

What does it mean for a cryptographic protocol to be "secure"? Capturing the security requirements of cryptographic tasks in a meaningful way is a slippery business: On the one hand, we want security criteria that prevent "all potential attacks" against a protocol; on the other hand, we want our criteria not to be overly restrictive and accept "reasonable protocols". One of the main reasons for flaws is the often unexpected interactions among different protocol instances that run alongside each other in a composite system.This tutorial studies a general methodology for defining security of cryptographic protocols. The methodology, often dubbed the "trusted party paradigm", allows for defining the security requirements of a large variety of cryptographic tasks in a unified and natural way. We first review more basic formulations that capture security in isolation from other protocol instances. Next we address the security problems associated with protocol composition, and review formulations that guarantee security even in composite systems.
Reuse It Or Lose It: More Efficient Secure Computation Through Reuse of Encrypted Values (2015)

Two-party secure function evaluation (SFE) has become significantly more feasible, even on resource-constrained devices, because of advances in server-aided computation systems. However, there are still bottlenecks, particularly in the input validation stage of a computation. Moreover, SFE research has not yet devoted sufficient attention to the important problem of retaining state after a computation has been performed so that expensive processing does not have to be repeated if a similar computation is done again. This paper presents PartialGC, an SFE system that allows the reuse of encrypted values generated during a garbled-circuit computation. We show that using PartialGC can reduce computation time by as much as 96% and bandwidth by as much as 98% in comparison with previous outsourcing schemes for secure computation. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with two sets of experiments, one in which the garbled circuit is evaluated on a mobile device and one in which it is evaluated on a server. We also use PartialGC to build a privacy-preserving "friend finder" application for Android. The reuse of previous inputs to allow stateful evaluation represents a new way of looking at SFE and further reduces computational barriers.
Phase Equilibria of Ester + Alcohol Systems and Their Description with the Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State (2010)

The knowledge and the capability to describe the phase equilibria of binary systems formed by a fatty acid ester and an alcohol are of great interest in biodiesel production, where these mixtures can be found after the transesterification unit and where they must be separated to purify the biodiesel stream and to recover the unreacted alcohol. Despite this interest, little information is available on the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) of fatty acid ester + alcohol systems. To overcome this lack of data, new VLE measurements of six ester + methanol/ethanol systems were carried at atmospheric pressure. This new experimental data was successfully modeled with the Cubic-Plus-Association equation of state (CPA EoS), with global average deviations of 0.5% for the bubble-point temperatures. In all cases small and temperature independent parameters were enough to adequately describe the measured data. Furthermore a constant value for the cross-association energy parameter was proposed for each alcohol system, as well as a linear correlation for the binary interaction parameter with the ester chain length, making the CPA EoS a powerful predictive model for these systems.
Delivery of Biologics in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (2009)

Stem cell–based cardiovascular regenerative medicine offers the next frontier of therapy through delivery of progenitor cells to achieve structural and functional repair of the myocardium. Initial clinical experience indicates that such therapy is feasible and safe, yet structural and functional benefits remain rather modest. A common pitfall in all studies is the very low rate of cell retention by the recipient myocardial tissue. This limitation warrants lead optimization so as to improve the outcome of stem cell delivery. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2009); 85, 5, 548–552 doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.295
Versuche zur umsetzung von methylendiphenolen mit glucosederivaten und zur kondensation von <i>O</i>‐phenylglucosidderivaten (1981)

Abstract Attempts to apply known methods of glucosidation to oligo[(hydroxyphenylene)methylene]s were not satisfying. The reaction of 4,4'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐methylenediphenol ( 1a ) with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl bromide gave a monoglucoside in 11% yield. A second attempt, the condensation of suitable O ‐phenylglucoside derivatives was unsuccessful. From a series of O ‐phenylglucosides ( 4 ) only 4‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)benzylbromide could be condensed with O ‐(4‐hydroxymethylphenyl)‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetylglucopyranose to the corresponding diglucoside of 4,4'‐oxydimethylenediphenol ( 7 ). Condensation reactions of the O ‐phenylglucoside 4k , to obtain an O ‐glucosidized poly[(hydroxyphenylene)methylene], were accompanied by decomposition. The results showed that the usual methods of the preparation of glucosidized phenols cannot be transferred to oligomeric or polymeric derivatives.
Two-dimensional photonic-crystal vertical-cavity array for nonlinear optical image processing (1998)

We investigate the electromagnetic properties of a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic-crystal array of vertical cavities for use in nonlinear optical image processing. We determine the 2-D photonic band structure of the array, and we discuss how it is influenced by the degree of interaction between cavities. We study the properties of defects in the 2-D lattice and show that neighboring cavities interact through their overlapping wave functions. This interaction can be used to produce nearest-neighbor nonlinear Boolean functions such asand, or, and xor, which are useful for optical image processing. We demonstrate the use of 2-D photonic bandgap structures for image processing by removing noise from a sample image with a nearest-neighbor and function.
DNA Binding by MADS-Box Transcription Factors: a Molecular Mechanism for Differential DNA Bending (1997)

The serum response factor (SRF) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) represent two human members of the MADS-box transcription factor family. Each protein has a distinct biological function which is reflected by the distinct specificities of the proteins for coregulatory protein partners and DNA-binding sites. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of DNA binding utilized by these two related transcription factors. Although SRF and MEF2A belong to the same family and contain related DNA-binding domains, their DNA-binding mechanisms differ in several key aspects. In contrast to the dramatic DNA bending induced by SRF, MEF2A induces minimal DNA distortion. A combination of loss- and gain-of-function mutagenesis identified a single amino acid residue located at the N terminus of the recognition helices as the critical mediator of this differential DNA bending. This residue is also involved in determining DNA-binding specificity, thus indicating a link between DNA bending and DNA-binding specificity determination. Furthermore, different basic residues within the putative recognition alpha-helices are critical for DNA binding, and the role of the C-terminal extensions to the MADS box in dimerization between SRF and MEF2A also differs. These important differences in the molecular interactions of SRF and MEF2A are likely to contribute to their differing roles in the regulation of specific gene transcription.
Resolution and sensitivity improvement in positron emission tomography by the first interaction point determination (2002)

Resolution loss of positron emission tomography (PET) caused by photon scattering and penetration is analyzed, and a novel 2-D detector scheme and associated detection algorithm are proposed to correct the effect of scattering and penetration, thereby improving resolution as well as sensitivity. The errors in coincidence line assignment due to photon scattering and penetration are computed using Monte Carlo simulation, and the resulting image blur is examined. The error in the coincidence line assignment and resulting image blur can be corrected by forming the coincidence line between the first interaction points (FIPs). The optimum algorithm for the determination of the FIP is derived using mathematical models of photon interactions in scintillation detectors. Simulation studies show the feasibility of developing entirely new lines of ultrahigh-resolution brain PET which also possess high sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PROGESTERONE LEVELS FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF SEASONALLY ANOESTROUS EWES WITH SYNTHETIC LH-RELEASING HORMONE (1975)

Plasma progesterone determinations were carried out on blood samples collected daily from Clun Forest ewes during the normal oestrous cycle and also after administration of LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) during seasonal anoestrus. Levels of plasma progesterone at oestrus ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/ml and luteal phase levels from 3 to 6 ng/ml. Levels found during seasonal anoestrus were within the range of those observed as oestrus. Following treatment with LH-RH, there was in increase in the plasma LH level in a-l cases and ovulation occurred in twenty-three out of twenty-seven treated ewes. In the animals which ovulated, the plasma progesterone concentration either remained basal (eighteen animals) or rose to a lower level (2 ng/ml is greater than) than that found during the luteal phase of the cycle.
General approach and classification of HEADACHES (2007)

Headache is one of the most common medical complaints. Most of the population will have experienced headache, and over 5% will seek medical help.
Deterioration mechanism of flip chip attachment using an anisotropic conductive film and design technology for high reliability (2003)

The flip-chip technique, in which a bare chip is directly connected to a substrate, has become a key technology in producing compact electronic products, including cellular phones. In particular, the technique of using Au bumps to connect the bare chip with the substrate, with the aid of an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), is one of the most useful technologies. The most serious problem with ACF bonding technology today is that the deterioration mechanism of interconnections is not clear. This study is motivated to clarify the mechanism of deterioration and to establish the method of obtaining reliability in the design of interconnections for which ACF is used.
RF and noise characterization of a monolithically integrated receiver on InP (2002)

A comprehensive characterization of an optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receiver that uses an optical waveguide is given. Bias dependent signal and noise measurements show that the gain-bandwidth product increases from 1.4 GHz at zero bias operation to 2.7 GHz at the optimum bias voltages. The receiver input noise is dominated by the JFET channel noise. Using an equivalent circuit model for the receiver, agreement between the calculated and the measured data was found. From the measured input noise, an optical sensitivity of -29 dBm was evaluated at a bit rate of 576 Mb/s (BER=10/sup -9/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RELATIONSHIP OF LANDSCAPE POSITIONS WITH SOIL PROPERTIES ON MAIZE YIELD IN ULTISOL (2017)

Relationship of landscape position and soil properties to maize (Zea mays L.) yield was studied incoastal plain soils of Akwa Ibom state. The study aimed at assessing the physico-chemical soil attributesdown the geomorphic surface as well as assessing the yield of maize in the respective landscapepositions. A total of 3600 plant population (hybrid maize) were planted on 0.072ha in a Randomizedcomplete block design. The traditional land preparation technique was employed with slashing of regrowth vegetation with cutlass. The trashes was left on the sites and allowed to dry for three weeks. Preburn soil samples were taken before burning the trashes at the end of three weeks after slashing. Thesamples collected were analyzed in the laboratory for physico-chemical properties using standardmethods. Collected data were statistically analyzed and means of statistically significant parameters wereseparated using LSD (0.05). The results showed that sand particle of burnt and un-burnt soils weresignificantly different at 0-15cm of Upper slope (US) but not significantly different in other landscapepositions (p<0.05). Soil pH in burnt soil was significantly different from the un-burnt soil (both atsurface and sub surface) in the three landscape positions. Mean maize yields (with husk) was 0.09 and0.11kg/ha â€˜beforeâ€™ and â€˜afterâ€™ burning plots of US ; 0.12 and 0.16kg/ha in â€˜beforeâ€™ and â€˜afterâ€™ burningplot of the middle Slope (MS) while the Bottom valley (BV) had 0.14 and 0.16kg/ha in â€˜beforeâ€™ andâ€˜afterâ€™ burning plots. Altogether, both husked and de-husked yields were higher in burnt plots than unburnt plots. Along the slope, husked yield followed the order: BV (0.15kg/ha) > MS (0.14kg/ha) > UP(0.10kg/ha)) while de-husked yield also followed similar pattern but different magnitude.
Selecting path-diversified servers in content distribution networks (2004)

Previous research has shown that multiple description coding (MDC) combined with path diversity provides robustness and error-resilience for media streaming applications. In this work, we address the research issue of how to achieve path diversity with the existence of content distribution networks (CDNs). We first define path diversity under the context of MDC-CDN. Then we design and evaluate several server selection schemes to achieve path diversity in CDNs. Our server selection scheme employs ping operations to obtain hop count information, and infers path structure through heuristics. The simulation experiment shows that our scheme has satisfactory performance and is highly adaptable to the network topology.
Uniform PEO Star Polymers Synthesized in Water via Free Radical Polymerization or Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2010)

Amphiphilic star shaped polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms and cross-linked hydrophobic core were synthesized in water via either conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) or atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques using a simple "arm-first" method. In FRP, PEO based macromonomers (MM) were used as arm precursors, which were then cross-linked by divinylbenzene (DVB) using 2,2'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Uniform star polymers (Mw/Mn < 1.2) were achieved through adjustment of the ratio of PEO MM, DVB, and AIBN. While in case of ATRP, both PEO MM, and PEO based macroinitiator (MI) were used as arm precursors with ethylene glycol diacrylate as cross-linker. Even more uniform star polymers with less contamination by low MW polymers were obtained, as compared to the products synthesized by FRP.
Rapid Release of Retinal from a Cone Visual Pigment following Photoactivation (2012)

As part of the visual cycle, the retinal chromophore in both rod and cone visual pigments undergoes reversible Schiff base hydrolysis and dissociation following photobleaching. We characterized light-activated release of retinal from a short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment (VCOP) in 0.1% dodecyl maltoside using fluorescence spectroscopy. The half-time (t(1/2)) of release of retinal from VCOP was 7.1 s, 250-fold faster than that of rhodopsin. VCOP exhibited pH-dependent release kinetics, with the t(1/2) decreasing from 23 to 4 s with the pH decreasing from 4.1 to 8, respectively. However, the Arrhenius activation energy (E(a)) for VCOP derived from kinetic measurements between 4 and 20 °C was 17.4 kcal/mol, similar to the value of 18.5 kcal/mol for rhodopsin. There was a small kinetic isotope (D(2)O) effect in VCOP, but this effect was smaller than that observed in rhodopsin. Mutation of the primary Schiff base counterion (VCOP(D108A)) produced a pigment with an unprotonated chromophore (λ(max) = 360 nm) and dramatically slowed (t(1/2) ~ 6.8 min) light-dependent retinal release. Using homology modeling, a VCOP mutant with two substitutions (S85D and D108A) was designed to move the counterion one α-helical turn into the transmembrane region from the native position. This double mutant had a UV-visible absorption spectrum consistent with a protonated Schiff base (λ(max) = 420 nm). Moreover, the VCOP(S85D/D108A) mutant had retinal release kinetics (t(1/2) = 7 s) and an E(a) (18 kcal/mol) similar to those of the native pigment exhibiting no pH dependence. By contrast, the single mutant VCOP(S85D) had an ~3-fold decreased retinal release rate compared to that of the native pigment. Photoactivated VCOP(D108A) had kinetics comparable to those of a rhodopsin counterion mutant, Rho(E113Q), both requiring hydroxylamine to fully release retinal. These results demonstrate that the primary counterion of cone visual pigments is necessary for efficient Schiff base hydrolysis. We discuss how the large differences in retinal release rates between rod and cone visual pigments arise, not from inherent differences in the rate of Schiff base hydrolysis but rather from differences in the properties of noncovalent binding of the retinal chromophore to the protein.