gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VSig: Hand-gestured signature recognition and authentication with wearable camera (2015)

Wearable camera is gaining popularity not only as a recording device for law enforcement and hobbyists, but also as a human-computer interface for the next generation wearable technology. It provides a more convenient and portable platform for gesture input than stationary camera, but poses unique challenges due to user movement and scene variation. In this paper, we describe a robust wearable camera based system called VSig for hand-gestured signature recognition and authentication. The proposed method asks the user to virtually sign within the field of the view of the wearable camera. Fingertip is segmented out and tracked to reconstruct the signature. This is followed by signature matching for authentication with the pre-stored signatures of the individual. A dataset named SIGAIR comprising of hand-gestured signatures from 10 individuals has been created and used for testing. An average accuracy of 97.5% is achieved by the proposed method.
FORMATION OF A REGULAR NEO-EPIDERMIS BY CULTURED HUMAN OUTER ROOT SHEATH CELLS GRAFTED ON NUDE MICE (1995)

The outer root sheath of hair follicles mainly consists of basal-like keratinocytes which can substitute for interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes, as during healing of skin wounds when outer root sheath cells migrate onto the denuded area, thus contributing to epidermal regeneration. Human outer root sheath cells represent a repeatedly available source of keratinocytes which can be easily and extensively expanded in culture. Close comparison of organotypic cultures of either outer root sheath cells or epidermal keratinocytes grafted onto nude mice demonstrated that outer root sheath cells formed a stratified epithelium resembling normal epidermis that is virtually indistinguishable from that developed by epidermal keratinocytes. Typical epidermal differentiation markers, such as the suprabasal keratins 1 and 10, involucrin, filaggrin, the basement membrane components collagen type IV and laminin, and the integrin chains alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 6, and beta 1, were readily expressed in a mostly regular localization. These data suggest that outer root sheath cells, bearing essential advantages as compared with interfollicular keratinocytes, are suitable for skin replacement.
Photochemie aromatischer Nitroverbindungen, XII Substituenteneinflüsse auf die Photocyclisierung von 1‐<i>tert</i>‐Butyl‐2‐nitrobenzolen (1979)

Abstract Die Quantenausbeuten Φ p bei der Bildung der Hydroxamsäuren 5a‐h durch Photolyse (366 nm) der 1‐ tert ‐Butyl‐2‐nitrobenzole 1a‐h in tert ‐Butylalkohol (mit 5% Wasser) wurden ermittelt. Die berechnete Regressionsgerade (Korrelationsfaktor r = 0.94) für log (Φ p /1‐Φ p )/(Φ H p /1‐Φ H p ) gegen Φ meta ‐Werte nach Hammett für 1a ‐g hat die Steigung ρ = 0.48. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Hypothese, daß der reagierende angeregte Zustand n,π * ‐Charakter besitzt, und zeigt die nur mäßige Weiterleitung des Einflusses von meta ‐Substituenten auf die verdrillte Nitrogruppe im elektronisch angeregten Zustand von 1a‐h.
Nickel(II) Chloride‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrothiolation of Alkynes (2005)

Abstract Regioselective Markovnikov‐type addition of PhSH to alkynes (HC≡C‐R) has been performed using easily available nickel complexes. The non‐catalytic side reaction leading to anti‐Markovnikov products was suppressed by addition of γ‐terpinene to the catalytic system. The other side reaction leading to the bis(phenylthio)alkene was avoided by excluding phosphine and phosphite ligands from the catalytic system. It was found that catalytic amounts of Et 3 N significantly increased the yield and selectivity of the catalytic reaction. Under optimized conditions high product yields of 60–85% were obtained for various alkynes [R= n ‐C 5 H 11 , CH 2 NMe 2 , CH 2 OMe, CH 2 SPh, C 6 H 11 (OH), (CH 2 ) 3 CN]. The X‐ray structure of one of the synthesized products is reported.
Insulin depletion leads to adipose-specific cell death in obese but not lean mice (1998)

Mutation of the obese gene produces obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and compensatory "overexpression" of the defective gene. As insulin activates obese gene expression, it seemed possible that hyperinsulinemia might be responsible for overexpression of the gene. To address this question we rapidly neutralized circulating insulin by injection of an insulin antibody. Unexpectedly, insulin depletion in obese (ob/ob or db/db) mice caused massive adipose RNA degradation confirmed by histological analysis to result from adipocyte cell death by a largely necrotic mechanism. This effect was not observed in lean littermates and was completely corrected by coadministration of insulin. Comparison of multiple tissues demonstrated that the effect was restricted to adipose tissue. Insulin depletion in obese mice by administration of streptozotocin also led to cell death, but this death was less extensive and appeared to be apoptotic in mechanism. Thus insulin may promote the survival side of the physiological balance between adipocyte survival and death.
Protective Effects of Barley and Its Hydrolysates on Gastric Stress Ulcer in Rats (2004)

This research intends to clarify the protective effect of barley and its hydrolysates with respect to a water immersion stress-induced ulcer in the rat model. The beta-(1-->3)-glucan content of barley, and specifically beta-(1-->4),(1-->3)-glucan content was determined and then gastric stress ulcerogenesis induced by water immersion was conducted using five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 rats in one group). The barley diet group was fed 10% barley flour that was substituted with sucrose in the control diet. For the 3 groups fed on soluble dietary fiber (SDF), the diets were supplemented with 0.46 g of SDF, equivalent to 100 g of the control diet; 0.46 g of SDF is equivalent to 10 g of barley flour. The rats were housed in a stress-cage and immersed in a water bath (23 degrees C) up to their necks for 21 h. The content of SDF and beta-(1-->3)-glucan content in barley flour were 4.6% and 3.4%, respectively. Although strongly anti-ulcer activities were observed in the barley (10%), SDF isolated and beta-(1-->3)-glucan fraction (Hydrolysate I) prepared from barley flour after treatment with lichenase, in other words, beta-(1-->4),(1-->3)-glucan itself, its hydrolysate (Hydrolysate II) with beta-(1-->3)-glucosidase did not display any anti-ulcer activity. This finding suggests that the beta-(1-->3)-glucosyl-linkage on beta-(1-->3)-glucan is an important part of the active principle for anti-ulcerogenesis.
A BiCMOS PLL-based data separator circuit with high stability and accuracy (1991)

A data separator that can work in Winchester disk drives at a read/write speed of up to 30 Mb/s is described. To realize high stability and accuracy in reproducing data in high-speed transfers, a digital synchronization field detector and an analog dual-mode phase-locked loop (PLL) that has a phase detector which has constant gain in the data field, independent of pattern, are used. The dual-mode analog PLL has a wide decode margin, locks up quickly, and operates stably without being affected by the frequency deviation of data. The digital sync field detector is adjustment-free and detects sync fields very accurately. The IC incorporates a RLL 2-7 code encoder/decoder and a write compensator. Use of the 2- mu m BiCMOS process keeps the total power consumption as low as 400 mW even at the high transfer rate of 30 Mb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-time microprocessor monitoring of skew angle in a compact cassette multitrack magnetic tape system (1986)

Tape-skew variation imposes one of the limits on the upper recording frequency at which digital data may be read coherently from a multitrack tape. It can be measured using timers controlled from marker transitions on the outer tracks of the tape. The timers are interfaced to a microprocessor which applies a ratio technique to indicate a bit-cell displacement which is insensitive to tape velocity and circuit variations. Spectral analysis of the skew of C60 compact cassette tapes reveals a cyclic variation of skew angle of about 2 Hz with a total displacement across the tape of within one bit-cell at 10kb/s.The skew angle is not always uniformly distributed across the tape due to tape deformation. The computed values of average tape deformation are 0-67 μm, 0.85 μm and 1.08 μm for C60, C90 and C120 tapes respectively.
Towards Embodied Scene Description (2020)

Embodiment is an important characteristic for all intelligent agents (creatures and robots), while existing scene description tasks mainly focus on analyzing images passively and the semantic understanding of the scenario is separated from the interaction between the agent and the environment. In this work, we propose the Embodied Scene Description, which exploits the embodiment ability of the agent to find an optimal viewpoint in its environment for scene description tasks. A learning framework with the paradigms of imitation learning and reinforcement learning is established to teach the intelligent agent to generate corresponding sensorimotor activities. The proposed framework is tested on both the AI2Thor dataset and a real-world robotic platform demonstrating the effectiveness and extendability of the developed method.
Characteristics of a Fixed Rabies Virus Cultivated on Developing Chick Embryos (1940)

After 47 passages through the developing chick embryo, rabies fixed virus shows no enhanced virulence for the chick embryo, as judged by the complete development of the embryo, the relatively low virus titre in the embryo brain and the scanty pathological changes in the brain. The virulence of the chick embryo passage virus for mice and guinea pigs remained unchanged, while that for rabbits appeared reduced considerably, as demonstrated by the prolonged incubation period, and duration of the infection. The specific anti-genic character of the chick embryo virus remained unchanged during 47 passages over a period of 18 months.
Hoxb7 Inhibits Transgenic HER-2/neu–Induced Mouse Mammary Tumor Onset but Promotes Progression and Lung Metastasis (2008)

Our previous studies have shown that HOXB7 mRNA is overexpressed in approximately 50% of invasive breast carcinomas and promotes tumor progression in breast cancer cells grown as xenografts in mice. In silico analysis of published microarray data showed that high levels of HOXB7 predict a poor outcome in HER-2-positive (P = 0.046), but not in HER-2-negative breast cancers (P = 0.94). To study the function of HOXB7 in vivo in the context of HER-2 overexpression, we generated mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Hoxb7 transgenic mice, and then crossed them with MMTV-HER-2/neu transgenic mice. In the mice carrying both Hoxb7 and HER-2/neu transgenes, Hoxb7 plays a dual role in mammary tumorigenesis. In double transgenic mice, overexpression of Hoxb7 delayed tumor onset and lowered tumor multiplicity. However, consistent with the clinical data, once the tumors appeared, their growth was faster and metastasis to the lungs occurred at a higher frequency. Our data show, for the first time, that deregulated expression of Hoxb7 in mammary tumor cells can significantly modulate HER-2/neu-oncogene induced tumorigenesis in vivo.
The Molecular Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Viruses (1979)

For epidemiologic, and occasionally legal, reasons, it is sometimes necessary to know definitively which of the myriad strains of herpes simplex virus is responsible for particular infection. A straightforward enzymatic method, using restriction endonucleases originally devised for viral DNA mapping, can unambiguously distinguish one strain from Mother even though the difference in their DNAs may be only a single base pair.
Minimum jerk path generation (2003)

A simple method of trajectory generation of robot manipulators is presented. It is based on an optimal control problem formulation. The jerk, the third derivative of position, of the desired trajectory, adversely affect the efficiency of the control algorithms and therefore should be minimized. assuming joint position, velocity and acceleration to be constrained, a cost criterion containing jerk is considered. Initially, the simple environment without obstacles and constrained by the physical limitations of the joint angles only is examined. For practical reasons, the free execution time has been used to handle the velocity and acceleration constraints instead of the complete bounded state variable formulation. The problem of minimizing the jerk along an arbitrary Cartesian trajectory is formulated and given analytical solution, making this method useful for real-world environments containing obstacles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-hypothesis motion compensation for low bit-rate video coding (1993)

The author points out a major weakness of the conventional motion-compensated video compression paradigm-the assumption that the encoded information is sufficient to describe correct motion. He proposes a novel paradigm, based on multihypothesis expectations (MHE). Not only can conventional methods be reinterpreted as special cases at the MHE approach, but the new model suggests improved methods with provably superior performance. Blocking artifacts can be eliminated and prediction error reduced with no change in the encoder's motion search and no extra side information. The use of state variable conditioning can further enhance performance. Additional benefits are obtained when increased encoder complexity is allowable. Search algorithms and coding methods developed previously for block matching can be used with the new techniques with no change in bit-stream syntax. Mean-square prediction improvements in the range of 18% to 40% (0.9 to 2.2 dB) are obtained using MHE methods of varying complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Separation of Nanoparticles in a Density Gradient: FeCo@C and Gold Nanocrystals (2008)

Die Großen nach unten: Nanopartikel werden durch Zentrifugieren in einem Medium mit Dichtegradienten nach der Größe der Partikel, dem Clusterungsgrad und der Dichte (ρ) des Kernmaterials sortiert (siehe Bild; d=Sedimentierungsabstand). Wechselwirkungen zwischen kolloidalen Partikeln und stabilen Festphasen werden so verhindert. Mit dieser Trennmethode kann auch die Größenverteilung in einer kolloidalen Suspension analysiert werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Aurora kinase A inhibition and paclitaxel as targeted combination therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2008)

AURKA is a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC. Further investigation of small-molecule AURKA inhibitors as therapeutic agents is warranted.
Influence of Substrate Elasticity on Droplet Impact Dynamics (2013)

Droplet impact dynamics is vital to the understanding of several phase-change and heat-transfer phenomena. This work examines the role of substrate elasticity on the spreading and retraction behavior of water droplets impacting flat and textured superhydrophobic substrates. Experiments reveal that droplet retraction on flat surfaces decreases with decreasing substrate elasticity. This trend is confirmed through a careful measurement of droplet impact dynamics on multiple PDMS surfaces with varying elastic moduli and comparison with impact dynamics on hard silicon surfaces. These findings reveal that surfaces tend to become more wettable upon droplet impact as the elastic modulus is decreased. First-order analyses are developed to explain this reduced retraction in terms of increased viscoelastic dissipation on soft substrates. Interestingly, superhydrophobic surfaces display substrate-elasticity-invariant impact dynamics. These findings are critical when designing polymeric surfaces for fluid-surface interaction applications.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Lipase Gene <i>lip2</i> from the Antarctic Psychrotroph <i>Moraxella</i> TA 144 and Site-Specific Mutagenesis of the Conserved Serine and Histidine Residues (1991)

The lip2 gene from the antarctic psychotroph Moraxella TA144 was sequenced. The primary structure of the Lip2 preprotein deduced from the nucleotide sequence is composed of 433 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 47,222. This enzyme contains a Ser-centered consensus sequence and a conserved His-Gly dipeptide found in most lipase amino-terminal domains. These sequences are involved in the lipase active site conformation since substitution of the conserved Ser or His residues by Ala and Gln, respectively, results in the loss of both lipase and esterase activities. Structural factors that would allow proper enzyme flexibility at low temperatures are discussed. It is suggested that only subtle changes in the primary structure of these psychrotrophic enzymes can account for their ability to catalyze lipolysis at temperatures close to 0 degrees C.
Thin-film photovoltaic solar array parametric assessment [space power] (2002)

This paper summarizes a study that had the objective to develop a model and parametrically determine the circumstances for which lightweight thin-film photovoltaic solar arrays would be more beneficial, in terms of mass and cost, than arrays using high-efficiency crystalline solar cells. Previous studies considering arrays with near-term thin-film technology for Earth orbiting applications are briefly reviewed. The present study uses a parametric approach that evaluated the performance of lightweight thin-film arrays with cell efficiencies ranging from 5% to 20%. The model developed for this study is described in some detail. Similar mass and cost trends for each array option were found across eight missions of various power levels in locations ranging from Venus to Jupiter. The paper concludes with the observation that with the characteristics assumed for this study, ultra-lightweight arrays using efficient, thin-film cells on flexible substrates may become a leading alternative for a wide variety of space missions.
Immunogenicity and Protective Capacity of a Virosomal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Monophosphoryl Lipid A in Mice (2012)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral brochiolitis in infants and young children and is also a significant problem in elderly and immuno-compromised adults. To date there is no efficacious and safe RSV vaccine, partially because of the outcome of a clinical trial in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV). This vaccine caused enhanced respiratory disease upon exposure to the live virus, leading to increased morbidity and the death of two children. Subsequent analyses of this incident showed that FI-RSV induces a Th2-skewed immune response together with poorly neutralizing antibodies. As a new approach, we used reconstituted RSV viral envelopes, i.e. virosomes, with incorporated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity and to skew the immune response towards a Th1 phenotype. Incorporation of MPLA stimulated the overall immunogenicity of the virosomes compared to non-adjuvanted virosomes in mice. Intramuscular administration of the vaccine led to the induction of RSV-specific IgG2a levels similar to those induced by inoculation of the animals with live RSV. These antibodies were able to neutralize RSV in vitro. Furthermore, MPLA-adjuvanted RSV virosomes induced high amounts of IFNγ and low amounts of IL5 in both spleens and lungs of immunized and subsequently challenged animals, compared to levels of these cytokines in animals vaccinated with FI-RSV, indicating a Th1-skewed response. Mice vaccinated with RSV-MPLA virosomes were protected from live RSV challenge, clearing the inoculated virus without showing signs of lung pathology. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RSV-MPLA virosomes represent a safe and efficacious vaccine candidate which warrants further evaluation.
Effects of contraceptives on serum trace elements, calcium and phosphorus levels. (2011)

The study showed and confirmed reduced levels of trace elements in women on contraceptives. The reduction is proportional to the duration of contraceptive use.
Repair of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen monoadducts and cross-links by the Escherichia coli UvrABC endonuclease. (1988)

Using an oligonucleotide model substrate, we observed two unusual mechanisms of UvrABC endonuclease in the repair of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen monoadducts and crosslinks. (i) UvrABC endonuclease usually incises a psoralen monoadduct only on the damaged strand. However, for one of the monoadducts we studied, incision on the complementary undamaged strand was also observed at a very low frequency, as though the adduct were on the thymine across from the damaged strand. Although the details of the erroneous incision are not yet known, such erroneous incision is potentially mutagenic. (ii) In cross-link repair, we observed that the UvrABC endonuclease incises the cross-linked DNA on either the furan side strand or the pyrone side strand. The incisions are not equally efficient. These data suggest that the structure of a psoralen cross-link, as seen by a repair enzyme, varies with the DNA sequence.
MODEL UNCERTAINITY AND LIQUIDITY (2000)

The paper investigates portfolio strategies and derivative market making when the trader does not know the correct model. One of the puzzles from last summer's LTCM collapse was that when the Russian government defaulted, liquidity dried up. Antidotal evidence suggests that people were unable to trade emerging market debt (as well as corporate bonds) at any price. The drop in the yield of treasury bonds and the rise in the credit spread has been called a flight to quality. In the paper small shocks can leads to a market collapse (lack of liquidity and trade) as the result of uncertainty people have about the of the world. For example, banks that trade derivatives typically assume some model for the stochastic process for an underlying security (e.g., in Black-Scholes this is a log-normality assumption). In the context of the model they price a contract for a customer and their position. In addition to this formal process, banks typically add an ad hoc heuristic to manage the unforeseen risk. This is the stress testing or value at calculations.In the paper we model uncertainty as Knightian Uncertainty (or more formally the preference of uncertainty aversion). Knightian Uncertainty (and The Choquet integral implied by such preferences) incorporates that risk (the outcome of a coin toss) and uncertainty (the unknown probability that the coin falls heads) enter ones preferences differently. The most well know manifestation of this behavior is the Allais Paradox. Specifically in our paper, we look a the dynamic portfolio problem under Knightian Uncertainty of a derivative market maker. The most striking result (so far) is that while the prices implied by these preferences are quite similar to standard models, the portfolios can be dramatically different. Under Knightian Uncertainty, the position taken in the underlying securities in the hedge portfolio can be much larger and even of a different sign. It is this fact that leads us to explore how model uncertainty is closely linked to liquidity. The deeper issues we hope to get at is how the market helps participants learn about the right model. In particular, we are exploring how market trade can act to reduce or increase the amount of uncertainty.