gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in susceptibility to cytotoxic antibody among tumor cells surviving exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. (1982)

We determined that myeloma cells which survived drug treatment had an altered sensitivity to cytotoxic antibody. The effects of several chemotherapeutic agents differing in drug action were compared. The antiserum was directed against viral determinants on the surface of S107 myeloma cells. This antiserum was then used to inhibit the colony formation of drug-treated myeloma cells. Tumor cells were treated with melphalan (200 ng/ml), methotrexate (40 ng/ml), actinomycin D (5 ng/ml), or 0.5 mM thymidine for 24 hr and then washed and resuspended in fresh medium. On various days after drug treatment, aliquots of these cells were exposed to complement and dilutions of antiserum and then cloned in soft agar in order to quantify the degree of antibody-mediated inhibition. Melphalan, methotrexate, and thymidine caused a severalfold increased resistance of the tumor cells to the antiserum during the first 1 or 2 days after drug treatment. During the following days, however, myeloma cells showed markedly increased susceptibility to the antiserum. The biphasic effect of methotrexate or thymidine treatment was similar to that previously observed after melphalan treatment and differed from the effect of actinomycin D. Actinomycin D caused only an increased susceptibility of the tumor cells to the antibody for a period of 4 to 5 days immediately following drug treatment. Our studies indicate that several chemotherapeutic drugs at concentrations comparable to those used in humans have long-lasting antagonistic as well as synergistic effects on the sensitivity of tumor cells to antibody and complement, depending on the particular drug used and on the time interval between drug exposure and subsequent treatment with antibody. These results suggest a model for evaluating the use of antibody in the elimination of malignant cells which, despite exposure to chemotherapy, remain clonogenic and proliferative.
Stochastic Predictive Control for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes With Time-Joint Chance Constraints and Application to Autonomous Vehicle Control (2019)

This paper describes a stochastic predictive control algorithm for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with time-joint chance constraints. We first present the algorithm as a general tool to treat finite space POMDP problems with time-joint chance constraints together with its theoretical properties. We then discuss its application to autonomous vehicle control on highways. In particular, we model decision-making/behavior-planning for an autonomous vehicle accounting for safety in a dynamic and uncertain environment as a constrained POMDP problem and solve it using the proposed algorithm. After behavior is planned, we use nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) to execute the behavior commands generated from the planner. This two-layer control framework is shown to be effective by simulations.
Enhanced harmonic response of an interdigital surface acoustic wave transducer (1971)

We describe a surface acoustic wave interdigital transducer designed to display enhanced response at harmonics of its fundamental operating frequency. The performance of the transducer compares well with predictions based on a simple model.
Trial of a Sustained Release Form of Amitriptyline (Lentizol) in the Treatment of Depressive Illness (1973)

The advantages of a new sustained release form of amitriptyline (Lentizol) which can be given in a single dose for the treatment of depressive illness have recently been described by Sims (1972) and Haider (1972). This paper reports a similar double blind cross-over trial in the treatment of depressive illness (ICD 296) of the same substance compared against conventional amitriptyline at an overall higher dosage level.
HZE particle shielding using confined magnetic fields (1983)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
(TTF)2[TTF(CO2H)2(CO2)2]: a wholly TTF material containing TTF radical cations and TTF derived anions (2001)

Electrooxidation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) carried out in the presence of (Bu4N)2TTF(CO2H)2(CO2)2 as supporting electrolyte affords wholly TTF organic materials in which TTF cations are associated with TTF(CO2H)2(CO2−)2 as counteranions.
Assessment of MLC tracking performance during hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy using real-time dose reconstruction (2016)

By adapting to the actual patient anatomy during treatment, tracked multi-leaf collimator (MLC) treatment deliveries offer an opportunity for margin reduction and healthy tissue sparing. This is assumed to be especially relevant for hypofractionated protocols in which intrafractional motion does not easily average out. In order to confidently deliver tracked treatments with potentially reduced margins, it is necessary to monitor not only the patient anatomy but also the actually delivered dose during irradiation. In this study, we present a novel real-time online dose reconstruction tool which calculates actually delivered dose based on pre-calculated dose influence data in less than 10 ms at a rate of 25 Hz. Using this tool we investigate the impact of clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins on CTV coverage and organ-at-risk dose. On our research linear accelerator, a set of four different CTV-to-PTV margins were tested for three patient cases subject to four different motion conditions. Based on this data, we can conclude that tracking eliminates dose cold spots which can occur in the CTV during conventional deliveries even for the smallest CTV-to-PTV margin of 1 mm. Changes of organ-at-risk dose do occur frequently during MLC tracking and are not negligible in some cases. Intrafractional dose reconstruction is expected to become an important element in any attempt of re-planning the treatment plan during the delivery based on the observed anatomy of the day.
Comparative Analysis of Gtf Isozyme Production and Diversity in Isolates of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> with Different Biofilm Growth Phenotypes (2004)

Streptococcus mutans is the main pathogenic agent of dental caries. Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) produced by these bacteria are important virulence factors because they catalyze the extracellular synthesis of glucans that are necessary for bacterial accumulation in the dental biofilm. The diversity of GtfB and GtfC isozymes was analyzed in 44 genotypes of S. mutans that showed a range of abilities to form biofilms in vitro. Several approaches were used to characterize these isozymes, including restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the gtfB and gtfC genes, zymographic analysis of the identified GtfB and GtfC genotypes, and quantitation of isozyme production in immunoblot experiments with specific monoclonal antibodies. A high diversity of gtf genes, patterns of enzymatic activity, and isozyme production was identified among the isolates tested. GtfC and, to a lesser extent, GtfB were produced in significantly higher amounts by strains that had high biofilm-forming ability than by strains with low biofilm-forming ability. Biofilm formation was independent of the GtfB and GtfC genotype. Atypical strains that showed an apparent single Gtf isozyme of intermediate size between GtfB and GtfC were also identified. The results indicate that various expression levels of GtfB and GtfC isozymes are associated with the ability of distinct S. mutans genotypes to grow as biofilms, strengthening the results of previous genetic and biochemical studies performed with laboratory strains. These studies also emphasize the need to identify factors that control gtf gene expression.
Path Planning and Following Algorithms in an Indoor Navigation Model for Visually Impaired (2007)

This paper describes, path planning and following algorithms for use in indoor navigation for the blind and visually impaired. Providing indoor navigational assistance for this type of users presents additional challenges not faced by conventional guidance systems, due to the personal nature of the interactions. The algorithms are part of an overall Indoor Navigation Model that is used to provide assistance and guidance in unfamiliar indoor environments. Path planning uses the A* and Dijkstra's shortest path algorithms, to operate on an "Intelligent Map", that is based on a new data structure termed "cactus tree" which is predicated on the relationships between the different objects that represent an indoor environment. The paths produced are termed "virtual hand rails", which can be used to dynamically plan a path for a user within a region. The path following algorithm is based on dead reckoning, but incorporates human factors as well as information about the flooring and furnishing structures along the intended planned path. Experimental and simulating results show that the guiding/navigation problem becomes a divergent mathematical problem if the positional information offered by the positioning and tracking systems does not reach a certain requirement. This research explores the potential to design an application for the visually impaired even when to- date 'positioning and tracking' system cannot offer reliable position information that highly required by this type of application.
The alpha‐sulfonation of alkyl palmitates and stearates (1967)

Abstract Methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl esters of palmitic or stearic acid were a ‐sulfonated directly by the dropwise addition of a 2.4 molar ratio of liquid sulfur trioxide to the ester, with or without solvent, at 0C. Scission of the ester apparently takes place during sulfonation. Yield of the ester RCH‐(SO 3 Na)CO 2 R was increased, and yield of by‐product disodium salt was decreased by reesterification with methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl alcohol prior to neutralization. Direct sulfonation of the ester by sulfur trioxide, without solvent, gave 70–80% yields, increased 10% by the presence of a small amount of CCl 4 as the solvent (1 ml/g of ester). Mixtures of the a ‐sulfo ester and the disodium salt can be analyzed by infrared spectra.
Artifactual hypoglycemia associated with polycythemia vera (1983)

Artifactual hypoglycemia in patients with leukemia is well recognized. We report herein that patients with polycythemia vera and erythrocytosis demonstrate a similar spurious hypoglycemia caused by accelerated in vitro metabolism of glucose. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:774-775)
Calpains and cytokines in fibrillating human atria (2002)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is accompanied by intracellular calcium overload. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of calcium-dependent calpains and cytokines during AF. Atrial tissue samples from 32 patients [16 with chronic AF and 16 in sinus rhythm (SR)] undergoing open heart surgery were studied. Atrial expression of calpain I and II, calpastatin, troponin T (TnT), troponin C (TnC), and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor-α] were determined. Expression of calpain I was increased during AF (461 ± 201% vs. 100 ± 34%, P < 0.05). Amounts of calpain II and calpastatin were unchanged. Total calpain enzymatic activity was more than doubled during AF (35.2 ± 17.7 vs. 12.4 ± 9.2 units, P < 0.05). In contrast to TnC, TnT levels were reduced in fibrillating atria by 26% ( P < 0.05), corresponding to the myofilament disintegration seen by electron microscopy. Small amounts of only IL-2 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were detected regardless of the underlying cardiac rhythm. In conclusion, atria of patients with permanent AF show evidence of calpain I activation that might contribute to structural remodeling and contractile dysfunction, whereas there is no evidence of activation of tissue cytokines.
Effect of 5'-methylthioadenosine (a naturally occurring nucleoside) on murine hematopoiesis. (1984)

5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA), a naturally occurring nucleoside, inhibited in vitro colony formation by murine erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal inhibition at concentrations of 2 X 10(-3) M and 1 X 10(-4) M, respectively. The inhibitory effect was reversible after up to 8 h of exposure to MTA but was irreversible after 24 h. MTA also inhibited hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. In mice given daily intraperitoneal injections of MTA for 28 days, CFU-GM were maximally reduced on day 14 to 51% of control. CFU-GM returned toward control levels by day 28 despite the continued administration of MTA. Hematocrit and leukocyte count were not reduced until day 28 and then only to 90% and 70% of control, respectively. MTA reached peak plasma levels of 2.8 X 10(-5) M 5 min after a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg and was almost completely cleared by 60 min. These findings indicate that MTA produces reversible inhibition of murine hematopoietic progenitors both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the inhibitory effect on progenitors there is little effect on peripheral blood counts, which suggests that MTA inhibits hematopoietic proliferation without affecting hematopoietic differentiation.
Passive vacuum solar flash desalination (2009)

Abstract A model for a sustainable desalination process has been developed. The simulated process consists of pumping seawater through a solar heater before flashing it under a passively created vacuum in an elevated chamber. The vacuum enhances evaporation and is maintained by the balance between the hydrostatic pressure inside the elevated flash chamber and the atmospheric pressure. The developed model uses theoretical thermodynamic relations to describe the process setting it apart from previous empirical correlations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Alkaloids of Uncaria pteropoda. Isolation and structures of pteropodine and isopteropodine (1966)

Two new alkaloids designated as pteropodine and isopteropodine have been isolated from Uncaria pteropoda and characterised. They are stereoisomeric with mitraphylline and uncarine-A and -B and have been shown to have the same structure as these alkaloids on the basis of structural and degradative evidence.
Buffer Layers on GaAs Substrates (2011)

Step-graded InGaPySb1-y and InxGa1-xAs metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) structures are grown on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). AFM analysis indicates that graded group V InGaPySb1-y MBLs exhibit significantly lower surface roughness (~4.7nm) compared with more conventional graded group III InxGa1-xAs MBLs, which typically have rms surface roughness in the range of 7- 14nm. To reduce the surface roughness of the InxGa1-xAs MBL, a post growth Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) procedure is implemented. AFM image analysis indicates the CMP process is effective in reducing the step-graded InxGa1-xAs MBL surface roughness from ~7.3 nm (as-grown) to 2.3 nm post CMP. Preliminary studies indicate that bulk InGaAs layers regrown on top of the MBL subjected to CMP exhibit improved static and transient PL characteristics compared with those deposited on as-grown MBLs.
Geology of the Athabasca Oil Sands (1980)

In-place bitumen resources in the Alberta oil sands are estimated at 1350 billion barrels. Open-pit mining and hot water extraction methods, which involve the handling of huge tonnages of earth materials, are being employed in the two commercial plants now operating. In situ recovery methods will be required to tap the 90 percent of reserves that are too deeply buried to be surface mined. Development of in situ technologies will be painstaking and expensive, and success will hinge on their compatibility with extremely complex geological conditions in the subsurface.
Click chemistry generates privileged CH hydrogen-bonding triazoles: the latest addition to anion supramolecular chemistry (2010)

The supramolecular chemistry of anions provides a means to sense and manipulate anions in their many chemical and biological roles. For this purpose, Click chemistry facilitated the synthetic creation of new receptors and thus, an opportunity to aid in the recent re-examination of CH...anion hydrogen bonding. This tutorial review will focus on the privileged C-H hydrogen bond donor of the 1,2,3-triazole ring systems as elucidated from anion-binding studies with macrocyclic triazolophanes and other receptors. Triazolophanes are shape-persistent and planar macrocycles that direct four triazole and four phenylene CH groups into a 3.7 A cavity. They display strong (log K(Cl(-)) = 7), size-dependent halide binding (Cl(-) > Br(-) >> F(-) >> I(-)) and a rich set of binding equilibria. For instance, the too large iodide (4.4 A) can be sandwiched between two pyridyl-based triazolophanes with extreme positive cooperativity. Computational studies verify the triazole's hydrogen bond strength indicating it approaches the traditional NH donors from pyrrole. These examples, those of transport, sensing (e.g., ion-selective electrodes), templation, and versatile synthesis herald the use of triazoles in anion-receptor chemistry.
Immunomodulating effects of milks fermented by <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> and its non-proteolytic variant (2001)

The effect of milks fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus and its non-proteolytic variant on mucosal and tumoral immunity was studied. Milks fermented by Lb. helveticus wild type or its non-proteolytic variant were administered orally to mice for different periods (3, 5 and 7 d). The immune response was assessed by analysing the activity of the peritoneal macrophages, the number of cells secreting IgA associated with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and with the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue. The number of cells was determined by direct immunofluorescence. The antitumour activity was monitored by studying the regression of the subcutaneously implanted fibrosarcomas. After 3 d feeding of milk fermented by Lb. helveticus wild type, the number of sIgA increased significantly at both the intestinal and bronchial levels, indicating that a cellular migration had occurred. This effect was not noticeable when milk fermented by Lb. helveticus Protease (-) was orally administered. Both fermented milks (wild type or its variant) exhibited an effect on the activity of the peritoneal macrophages, which might be indirectly correlated to the regression of the fibrosarcoma. Although the mechanism by which the lactic acid bacteria enhance the immune system is not clear, this study clearly suggests that the bioactive compounds released during milk fermentation might contribute to the immunoenhancing properties of these products. By releasing biopeptide, lactic acid bacteria have important implications in modulation of the host's immune response, more specifically its cellular immune response.
A MAC algorithm for energy-limited ad-hoc networks (2002)

Energy efficiency is an important issue in ad-hoc wireless networks since the battery power of terminals is limited. We propose an energy efficient MAC algorithm based on reservation and scheduling for ad-hoc wireless networks. The performance of our proposed MAC scheme is evaluated in view of the number of delayed slots, the channel utilization, and the energy efficiency.
<i>In-situ</i>observation of alloy phase formation in nanometre-sized particles in the Sn–Bi system (2004)

Abstract Alloy phase formation in nanometre-sized particles has been studied by in-situ transmission electron microscopy using particles in the Sn–Bi system. Observations have been carried out at a temperature (i.e. 350 K) above the eutectic temperature. For tin-rich compositions, with increasing concentration of bismuth, a particle (approximately 8 nm in size) of the terminal tin solid solution changed directly into a particle of the liquid phase, without going through the stage of solid–liquid coexistence. On the other hand, for bismuth-rich compositions, a particle (approximately 8 nm in size) of the terminal bismuth solid solution changed first to a particle with a crystal–liquid two-phase microstructure and eventually to a particle of the liquid phase, with increasing concentration of tin. Thermodynamic model calculations indicate that the contribution of the solid–liquid interfacial energy to the total Gibbs free energy of an alloy particle with a solid–liquid two-phase microstructure becomes large enough to change the phase equilibrium when the size of the particle is reduced to the nanometre range, and that the difference between the alloy phase formation for the tin-rich and bismuth-rich alloys observed here can be consistently explained in terms of the difference between the relative contributions of the solid–liquid interfacial energy for the two types of alloy. Acknowledgement This work was supported by ‘Priority Assistance of the Formation of Worldwide Renowned Centers of Research—The 21st Century COE Program (Project: Center of Excellence for Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design)’ from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan. A part of the present work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan under a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research.
Modeling Task Relationships in Multi-task Learning with Multi-gate Mixture-of-Experts (2018)

Neural-based multi-task learning has been successfully used in many real-world large-scale applications such as recommendation systems. For example, in movie recommendations, beyond providing users movies which they tend to purchase and watch, the system might also optimize for users liking the movies afterwards. With multi-task learning, we aim to build a single model that learns these multiple goals and tasks simultaneously. However, the prediction quality of commonly used multi-task models is often sensitive to the relationships between tasks. It is therefore important to study the modeling tradeo s between task-speci c objectives and inter-task relationships.
Positive nitrogen balance with human growth hormone and hypocaloric intravenous feeding. (1986)

Nitrogen equilibrium cannot be achieved in surgical patients without adequate nitrogen and calorie intake, frequently requiring central venous feedings. To investigate the hormonal environment under which nitrogen retention might be achieved during hypocaloric feedings, we administered peripheral vein nutrition with growth hormone (GH) to four healthy male patients. The intravenous diets provided 50% of estimated energy requirements (mean 566 kcal/m2/day) and adequate nitrogen (6 gm/m2/day). Each subject was studied for two 7-day periods; 10 mg of GH was given daily during one period and placebo during the other. Administration of GH decreased weight loss, caused retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in amounts closely matching their proportions in skeletal muscle, and stimulated insulin production. GH also raised serum levels of free fatty acids and glycerol, increased urinary excretion of ketones, and favored fat oxidation in the postabsorptive state. Hyperinsulinemia and increased lipolysis and ketogenesis may augment the primary effects of GH. Further studies at adequate and approximately 30% of adequate calorie intake confirmed these findings. Maintenance of body protein with GH may allow improved nutritional care of catabolic patients that was previously unrecognized.