gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Signaling through the Microenvironment: A Hypothesis Relating Carcinogenesis, Bystander Effects, and Genomic Instability (2001)

Cell growth, differentiation and death are directed in large part by extracellular signaling through the interactions of cells with other cells and with the extracellular matrix; these interactions are in turn modulated by cytokines and growth factors, i.e. the microenvironment. Here we discuss the idea that extracellular signaling integrates multicellular damage responses that are important deterrents to the development of cancer through mechanisms that eliminate abnormal cells and inhibit neoplastic behavior. As an example, we discuss the action of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1) as an extracellular sensor of damage. We propose that radiation-induced bystander effects and genomic instability are, respectively, positive and negative manifestations of this homeostatic process. Bystander effects exhibited predominantly after a low-dose or a nonhomogeneous radiation exposure are extracellular signaling pathways that modulate cellular repair and death programs. Persistent disruption of extracellular signaling after exposure to relatively high doses of ionizing radiation may lead to the accumulation of aberrant cells that are genomically unstable. Understanding radiation effects in terms of coordinated multicellular responses that affect decisions regarding the fate of a cell may necessitate re-evaluation of radiation dose and risk concepts and provide avenues for intervention.
[Populations of circulating T lymphocytes in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis]. (1984)

The characteristics, the origin and the role in the determinism and/or in the course of hepatocellular necrosis of immune disorders in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis still remain unclear. In this study, the T-lymphocyte population was determined by sheep-rosette formation and labelling with OKT3-monoclonal antibodies. T-cell subsets were investigated using OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies in the peripheral blood of 40 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (CA) and of 23 non-cirrhotic alcoholic (ANC) patients. The results were compared to those in 34 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the two groups of alcoholic subjects was noted. However, this decrease was significant only in the CA group and only when OKT3 antibodies were used as markers. The lymphocyte-subset identified by OKT4 antibodies was decreased as well in the CA and ANC groups; however the OKT8+ subset was significantly decreased in the CA group only (p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between this decrease in OKT8+ subpopulation or between the increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio and all biochemical parameters of hepatic function measured in this study. The significance of this T-cell imbalance in CA has still to be elucidated, concerning both the functional activity of the reduced pool of OKT8+ cells (suppressor or cytotoxic?) and the mechanism of this decrease.
Cumulative probability of false-positive recall or biopsy recommendation after 10 years of screening mammography: a cohort study. (2011)

National Cancer Institute.
Impact on inter symbol interference (ISI) noise due to simulation error (2006)

In this paper, we are going to discuss the error in determining the actual intersymbol interference noise (ISI) due to different circuit simulation methodology, while using a standard circuit simulator. In this paper, we have compared three different methods to predict accurately ISI noise. All three methods show that errors caused by circuit simulation can make the eye worst. We have also shown a method which allows one to determine that error and calculate the actual range of ISI noise. As we move towards sampling mVolt signals at the receiver end (Bhattacharyya, 2004 and Bhattacharyya, 2005), one needs to minimize the error that arises due to circuit simulation methodology. This is essential, in order to predict the actual performance of the interconnect.
Studies on the Thermal Properties of Foods -I. Thermal Properties of Some Korean Foods- (1982)

Thermal properties of 12 Korean foods were determined by using an apparatus constructed by authors. Specific heat of acorn mook showed the highest value and that of Chungkookjang the lowest value among 12 foods investigated. Thermal conductivity of the salted wild sesame leaf at the initial temperature of was found to be the highest among the foods investigated and that of mungbean mook the lowest. Thermal conductivity appeared to get higher as the initial temperature increased from . Thermal diffusivity of Kochujang was the highest and the mungbean mook the lowest( among the foods investigated. Thermal conductivity of foods also appeared to increase as the initial temperature increased. The difference between the calculated values and the measured values was very small (1.655 residual percent in the statistical analysis).
Dehydrogenation of AmineBorane Me<sub>2</sub>NH⋅BH<sub>3</sub> Catalyzed by a LanthanumHydride Complex (2013)

The rare-earth-metal-hydride complexes [{(1,7-Me2TACD)LnH}4] (Ln=La 1 a, Y 1 b; (1,7-Me2TACD)H2 =1,7-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 1,7-Me2[12]aneN4) were synthesized by hydrogenolysis of [{(1,7-Me2TACD)Ln(η(3)-C3H5)}2] with 1 bar H2. The tetrameric structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compound 1 a. Both complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of secondary amine-borane Me2NH·BH3 to afford the cyclic dimer (Me2NBH2)2 and (Me2N)2BH under mild conditions. Whilst the complete conversion of Me2NH·BH3 was observed within 2 h with lanthanum-hydride 1 a, the yttrium homologue 1 b required 48 h to reach 95% conversion. Further reactions of compound 1 a with Me2NH·BH3 in various stoichiometric ratios gave a series of intermediate products, [{(1,7-Me2TACD)LaH}4](Me2NBH2)2 (2 a), [(1,7-Me2TACDH)La(Me2NBH3)2] (3 a), [(1,7-Me2TACD)(Me2NBH2)La(Me2NBH3)] (4 a), and [(1,7-Me2TACD)(Me2NBH2)2La(Me2NBH3)] (5 a). Complexes 2 a, 3 a, and 5 a were isolated and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. These intermediates revealed the activation and coordination modes of "Me2NH·BH3 " fragments that were trapped within the coordination sphere of a rare-earth-metal center.
Fabrication and performance of Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope prototype optics using segmented glass (2004)

We report on the fabrication and performance of prototype optics for the Constellation-X hard X-ray telescope (HXT). The prototypes utilize segmented-glass optics. Multiple glass segments are combined to produce telescope shells. The shells are separated by and epoxied to graphite rods, and each layer of rods is precisely machined to match the required optical geometry of the corresponding glass shell. This error-compensating, monolithic assembly and alignment (EMAAL) procedure is novel. Two prototypes are described. The first used 10cm long thermally-slumped glass pieces produced by slumping into a concave mandrel with no subsequent replication. This prototype obtained 45" (2-bounce HPD). The second prototype was the first attempt to mount epoxy-replicated, thermally-slumped glass optics using EMAAL. The latter prototype demonstrated our ability to produce and mount glass shells whose figure and performance are faithful representations of the original replication mandrel. The average performance was 45", with the best replicated segment providing 33" (2-bounce HPD) performance, consistent with the ~30" measured with laser reflectometry and interferometry prior to mounting. Both these prototypes substantially exceeded the HXT requirement of 60".
Soya lecithin effects on the aerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in an artificially contaminated soil (2001)

The effects of the phytogenic surfactant soya lecithin (SL) on the aerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spiked into a synthetic soil were studied. Soil was spiked with both biphenyl (4 g/kg) and Fenclor 42 (1,000 mg/kg) and treated in aerobic batch slurry-phase microcosms (17.5% w/v). Microcosms were prepared either with or without the exogenous aerobic PCB-dechlorinating bacterial co-culture ECO3 (inoculum:108CFU/mL). In some inoculated microcosms, SL was added at 15 or 30 g/kg. Indigenous bacteria having the capability of metabolizing biphenyl and 2-chlorobenzoic acid were found to develop in the microcosms during the experiment, and were responsible for the significant PCB biodegradation and dechlorination observed in the uninoculated controls. The addition of ECO3 bacteria resulted in only a slight PCB biodegradation increase. In the presence of SL, a higher availability of biphenyl- and chlorobenzoic acid-degrading bacteria and higher PCB biodegradation and dechlorination yields were observed; the effects increased proportionally with the concentration of the applied SL. A significant decrease of soil ecotoxicity was also revealed in SL-supplemented microcosms. At both concentrations, SL was found to be a good carbon source for both the indigenous and ECO3 bacteria, as well as a product capable of enhancing the PCB bioavailability in the microcosms. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 72: 177–184, 2001.
Direct determination of the point mutation rate of a murine retrovirus (1992)

The point mutation rate of a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome (AKV) was determined under conditions in which the number of replicative cycles was carefully controlled and the point mutation rate was determined by direct examination of the RNA genomes of progeny viruses. A clonal cell line infected at a low multiplicity of infection (2 x 10(-3)) was derived to provide a source of virus with high genetic homogeneity. Virus stocks from this cell line were used to infect cells at a low multiplicity of infection, and the cells were seeded soon after infection to obtain secondary clonal cell lines. RNase T1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting analyses of virion RNAs from 93 secondary lines revealed only 3 base changes in nearly 130,000 bases analyzed. To obtain an independent assessment of the mutation rate, we directly sequenced virion RNAs by using a series of DNA oligonucleotide primers distributed across the genome. RNA sequencing detected no mutations in over 21,000 bases analyzed. The combined fingerprinting and sequencing analyses yielded a mutation rate for infectious progeny viruses of one base change per 50,000 (2 x 10(-5)) bases per replication cycle. Our results suggest that over 80% of infectious progeny MuLVs may be replicated with complete fidelity and that only a low percentage undergo more than one point mutation during a replication cycle. Previous estimates of retroviral mutation rates suggest that the majority of infectious progeny viruses have undergone one or more point mutations. Recent studies of the mutation rates of marker genes in spleen necrosis virus-based vectors estimate a base substitution rate lower than estimates for infectious avian retroviruses and nearly identical to our determinations with AKV. The differences between mutation rates observed in studies of retroviruses may reflect the imposition of different selective conditions.
Optical Detection of Vascular Penetration During Nerve Blocks (2012)

The results from this study suggest that optical spectroscopy has the potential to detect intravascular needle placement, which may in turn increase the safety of nerve blocks.
Various Properties of Sputter‐Deposited HfB2 Films (1990)

This paper discusses several structural, stress, electrical, and oxidation characteristics of planar dc‐sputtered films. Films deposited near room temperature are virtually amorphous while those made on substrates heated to ∼300°C have a very fine grain size (<200Å) and the hexagonal crystal structure characteristic of the bulk diboride. Limited but well‐controlled grain growth occurs when films are heat‐treated in the 400°–1200°C range and the electrical resistivity decreases inversely with increasing grain size. Film stress increases rapidly from small tensile values to roughly as the substrate bias during deposition is increased from 0 to −100 V. The modulus of elasticity was estimated from the stress (determined by substrate bowing) vs. strain (from lattice parameter) data and found to agree moderately well with the bulk value. The oxidation behavior of films was established using electrical resistance, AES, and XPS measurements to analyze films oxidized in at temperatures in the 300°–800°C range. The diboride films exhibited parabolic oxidation behavior and oxide growth rates in good agreement with extrapolated values obtained on bulk material at much higher temperatures.
Contaminant and defect analysis of optical surfaces by infrared laser induced desorption (1984)

Infrared laser induced desorption (LID) has been demonstrated for water and other contaminants on nominally transparent substrates. For the samples measured to date, the LID is defect dominated for both small (120 μm) and large (380 μm) spot sizes. For the larger spot sizes, the data for multiple irradiations of the same site (N/1) can be explained using a simple defect model. The surface damage threshold of these materials correlates with the measured LID fluence, i.e., samples and sites with high contaminant fluences damage at low thresholds. Laser cleaned surfaces of CaF2, BaF2, and NaCl which were dosed with H2O at approximately −100 °C showed no evidence of readsorbed water on subsequent LID testing, indicating a passivation of the surface.
Chromaffin Cell Transplants for Alleviation of Chronic Pain (1992)

Treatment of intractable pain with parenteral, subarachnoid, or epidural narcotics is often unsatisfactory due to tolerance and other systemic complications that accompany increasing dosages of these drugs. Other disadvantages include the potential infections with implantable pumps and the inconvenience of repeated narcotic administration. During the past several years, studies at the author's laboratory indicated that transplantation of adrenal medullary tissue or isolated chromaffin cells into the spinal subarachnoid space can significantly reduce pain in several rodent models without resulting in development of tolerance. Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells were selected because they produce high levels of both opioid peptides and catecholamines, agents that independently, and possibly synergistically, reduce pain when injected locally into the spinal subarachnoid space. The adrenal medullary transplants survive for prolonged periods, and continue to produce high levels of both catecholamines and met-enkephalin. These transplants reduce pain in two rodent chronic pain models, an arthritis model and a peripheral neuropathy model, both of which closely resemble human chronic pain syndromes. The success of the animal studies has led to initiation of human clinical trials in patients with chronic cancer pain; results are promising.
Generic Escherichia coli Contamination of Spinach at the Preharvest Stage: Effects of Farm Management and Environmental Factors (2013)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of farm management and environmental factors on preharvest spinach contamination with generic Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted by visiting spinach farms up to four times per growing season over a period of 2 years (2010 to 2011). Spinach samples (n = 955) were collected from 12 spinach farms in Colorado and Texas as representative states of the Western and Southwestern United States, respectively. During each farm visit, farmers were surveyed about farm-related management and environmental factors using a questionnaire. Associations between the prevalence of generic E. coli in spinach and farm-related factors were assessed by using a multivariable logistic regression model including random effects for farm and farm visit. Overall, 6.6% of spinach samples were positive for generic E. coli. Significant risk factors for spinach contamination with generic E. coli were the proximity (within 10 miles) of a poultry farm, the use of pond water for irrigation, a >66-day period since the planting of spinach, farming on fields previously used for grazing, the production of hay before spinach planting, and the farm location in the Southwestern United States. Contamination with generic E. coli was significantly reduced with an irrigation lapse time of >5 days as well as by several factors related to field workers, including the use of portable toilets, training to use portable toilets, and the use of hand-washing stations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between field workers' personal hygiene and produce contamination with generic E. coli at the preharvest level. Collectively, our findings support that practice of good personal hygiene and other good farm management practices may reduce produce contamination with generic E. coli at the preharvest level.
Sequential Quadratic Programming (1995)

Since its popularization in the late 1970s, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) has arguably become the most successful method for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. As with most optimization methods, SQP is not a single algorithm, but rather a conceptual method from which numerous specific algorithms have evolved. Backed by a solid theoretical and computational foundation, both commercial and public-domain SQP algorithms have been developed and used to solve a remarkably large set of important practical problems. Recently large-scale versions have been devised and tested with promising results.
Component Deployment with PLaneT You Want it Where (2006)

For the past two years we have been developing PLaneT, a package manager built into PLT Scheme’s module system that simplifies program development by doing away with the distinction between installed and uninstalled packages. In this paper we explain how PLaneT works and the rationales behind our major design choices, focusing particularly on our decision to integrate PLaneT into PLT Scheme and the consequences that decision had for PLaneT’s design. We also report our experience as PLaneT users and developers and describe what have emerged as PLaneT’s biggest advantages and drawbacks.
Performance of diagnosis methods for IGBT open circuit faults in voltage source active rectifiers (2004)

Fault diagnosis of electrical drives is becoming more and more important today, since variable speed drives have become industrial standard in many applications. As an integral part of the drive, many faults occur within the inverter. One possible fault within the inverter is an open circuit transistor fault, whose diagnosis is subject of this paper. The practical performances of several open-circuit fault diagnostic methods are tested in simulation and experiment. An overview of the different strategies is given, including the algorithms used to localize the open transistor. Simulation results are presented and show different capabilities of each diagnostic strategy in terms of effectivity and false alarm resistivity for a voltage source inverter used as an active rectifier. The existing methods are further developed and adapted to a closed loop controlled active rectifier. An experimental setup in the laboratory is used to validate simulation results. Typical detection results are presented including time-to-detection measurements.
ID-Based Proxy Signature Using Bilinear Pairings. (2004)

Identity-based (ID-based) public key cryptosystem can be a good alternative for certificate-based public key setting, especially when efficient key management and moderate security are required. A proxy signature scheme permits an entity to delegate its signing rights to another entity. But to date, no ID-based proxy signature scheme with provable security has been proposed. In this paper, we formalize a notion of security for ID-based proxy signature schemes and propose a scheme based on the bilinear pairings. We show that the security of our scheme is tightly related to the computational Diffie-Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. keywords: ID-based signatures, proxy signatures, bilinear pairings, provable security.
A frequency stabilized compact high repetition rate TEA-CO<inf>2</inf>laser (1980)

A compact atmospheric-pressure hybrid CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser utilizing a transverse double-discharge technique has been constructed and operated at moderate repetition rates. A pulse output energy of 80 mJ has been obtained under single-mode conditions at repetition frequencies of 100 Hz. Using the hybrid technique to obtain single-longitudinal-mode operation, we have been able to reach a 7 kHz long-term relative frequency instability between the TEA laser and a local oscillator. Measurements of the frequency sweeping during the pulse tail (chirp) are also presented along with a direct measurement of the resonant frequency pulling effect associated with the real part of the electric susceptibility of the gas. Limitations on the pulse repetition frequency for this laser configuration are also discussed.
Prox-1 and VEGFR3 Antibodies Are Superior to D2–40 in Identifying Endothelial Cells of Lymphatic Malformations—A Proposal of a New Immunohistochemical Panel to Differentiate Lymphatic from other Vascular Malformations (2008)

We previously reported that D2-40 antibody identifies lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of lymphatic malformations (LM) with high specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the markers Prospero-related homeobox gene-1 (Prox-1) and VEGFR3 to those of D2-40 for LECs in LM. Seventeen LM and 6 other vascular malformations with venous component (VM) were stained with D2-40, Prox-1, VEGFR3, CD31, and CD34 antibodies. The staining characteristics of vessels by each marker were assessed. Prox-1 and VEGFR3 specificity for LECs was examined by endothelial staining of VMs. Prox-1 and VEGFR3 stained substantially more large vessels than did D2-40 (15 of 17 cases). Small vessel staining was uniformly positive with all vascular markers except CD34, which did not stain lymphatic vessels. Eight cases had no or minimal D2-40 staining of large vessels, but the selected D2-40-vessels stained positive with VEGFR3, and 7 of 8 vessels were Prox-1 positive. Nine cases had variable D2-40 staining of large vessels; the selected D2-40 channels were all Prox-1 positive, and 8 of 9 were VEGFR3 positive. Two had rare vascular channels with no lymphatic marker stain but were positive for CD31 and CD34. Endothelial cells of VM had no Prox-1 but were VEGFR3/CD31/CD34 positive. VEGFR3 and Prox-1 antibodies have greater sensitivity for large lymphatic vessels than does D2-40. All lymphatic markers have high sensitivity for LECs of small lymphatic channels. Prox-1 has superior sensitivity and specificity to LECs. We recommend utilizing an immunohistochemical panel consisting of Prox-1, VEGFR3, CD31, and CD34 antibodies to differentiate lymphatic from venous malformations in pathologic practice.