gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits osteoclasts <i>via</i> attenuation of reactive oxygen species signalling by augmented antioxidation (2017)

Bone destructive diseases are common worldwide and are caused by dysregulation of osteoclast formation and activation. During osteoclastogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in the intracellular signalling triggered by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. Previously, we demonstrated that induction of antioxidant enzymes by Nrf2 activation using Nrf2-gene transfer, an ETGE-peptide or polyphenols, successfully ameliorated RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to activate Nrf2 signalling and has been lately used in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that Nrf2 activation by DMF would inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction via attenuation of intracellular ROS signalling through antioxidant mechanisms. RAW 264.7 cells were used as osteoclast progenitor cells. We found that DMF induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, augmented Nrf2 promoter-luciferase reporter activity and increased antioxidant enzyme expression. Using flow cytometry, we found that DMF attenuated RANKL-mediated intracellular ROS generation, which resulted in the inhibition of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Local DMF injection into the calvaria of male BALB/c mice resulted in attenuated bone destruction in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated in a preclinical setting that DMF inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction via induction of Nrf2-mediated transcription of antioxidant genes and consequent decrease in intracellular ROS levels. Our results suggest that DMF may be a promising inhibitor of bone destruction in diseases like periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
RANK Overexpression in Transgenic Mice with Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter-Controlled RANK Increases Proliferation and Impairs Alveolar Differentiation in the Mammary Epithelia and Disrupts Lumen Formation in Cultured Epithelial Acini (2006)

RANK and RANKL, the key regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activation, also play an important role in the control of proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy. Here, we show that RANK protein expression is strictly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner during mammary gland development. RANK overexpression under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in a transgenic mouse model results in increased mammary epithelial cell proliferation during pregnancy, impaired differentiation of lobulo-alveolar structures, decreased expression of the milk proteins beta-casein and whey acidic protein, and deficient lactation. We also show that treatment of three-dimensional in vitro cultures of primary mammary cells from MMTV-RANK mice with RANKL results in increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in the luminal area, resulting in bigger acini with filled lumens. Taken together, these results suggest that signaling through RANK not only promotes proliferation but also inhibits the terminal differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, the increased proliferation and survival observed in a three-dimensional culture system suggests a role for aberrant RANK signaling during breast tumorigenesis.
Livelihood functions of inland fisheries: policy implications in developing countries (2005)

An improved analytical framework and typology of fishers are provided to improve understanding of the diverse livelihood functions of inland fishing in development policy making. Inland fisheries make an important but often neglected contribution to rural livelihoods in developing countries. A holistic and widely applicable analysis of the possible livelihood functions of such fisheries is presented, focusing on fishing as one activity within diverse livelihoods. Four different livelihood strategies are identified, involving fishing as: (i) a primary livelihood of last resort, (ii) part of a diversified semi-subsistence livelihood, (iii) a specialist occupation and (iv) part of a diversified accumulation strategy. The policy implications of these strategies are found to be differentiated and poorly represented in practice by socio-economic analysis that either undfervalues fisheries or treats them solely as livelihoods of last resort and by traditional approaches to fisheries management centred on stock conservation. The need for a more diverse and flexible range of measures, tailored to local priorities and conditions and ensuring that poor people can access the benefits of inland fisheries whilst achieving conservation objectives, is identified.
The Death Receptor Antagonist FLIP-L Interacts with Trk and Is Necessary for Neurite Outgrowth Induced by Neurotrophins (2010)

FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of the signaling pathway triggered by the activation of death receptors. Here, we reveal a novel biological function for the long form of FLIP (FLIP-L) in neuronal differentiation, which can be dissociated from its antiapoptotic role. We show that FLIP-L is expressed in different regions of the mouse embryonic nervous system. Immunohistochemistry of mouse brain sections at different stages reveals that, in neurons, FLIP is expressed early during the embryonic neuronal development (embryonic day 16) and decreases at later stages (postnatal days 5-15), when its expression is essentially detected in glial cells. FLIP-L overexpression significantly enhances neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth in motoneurons, superior cervical ganglion neurons, and PC12 cells. Conversely, the downregulation of FLIP-L protein levels by specific RNA interference significantly reduces neurite outgrowth, even in the presence of the appropriate neurotrophin stimulus. Moreover, NGF-dependent activation of two main intracellular pathways involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), is impaired when endogenous FLIP-L is downregulated, although TrkA remains activated. Finally, we demonstrate that FLIP-L interacts with TrkA, and not with p75(NTR), in an NGF-dependent manner, and endogenous FLIP-L interacts with TrkB in whole-brain lysates from embryonic day 15 mice embryos. Altogether, we uncover a new role for FLIP-L as an unexpected critical player in neurotrophin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK- and NF-kappaB-mediated control of neurite growth in developing neurons.
Pattern of antibiotics use for surgical prophylaxis in a rural tertiary care teaching institution (2020)

Background: Antibiotics are most commonly used prophylactically in a surgical set up. Avoidance of infection helps in early wound healing. Various guidelines are available for the use of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis. Indiscriminate use of wide spectrum, newer antibiotics has lead to the problem of antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the gap between the guidelines and the choice of antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital located in the sub Himalayan area. Materials and Methods: Data of all the patients who underwent surgery was analysed. Results: Record sheets of total 746 cases were included in the study. 376 (50.4%) patients were males and 370 (49.6%) were females. Maximum numbers of patients were from age group 36-45 years. Mean age SD of patients was 40.57 17.46. 572 (76.6%) patients stayed in hospital for 2 to 10 days, 138(18.5%) for 11 to 20 days, 24(3.3%) for 21 to 30 days, 6(.8%) for 31 to 40 days and 6 (.8%) for>40 days. 274 (36.6%) patients suffered from Hepatobiliary diseases, appendicitis was in 99 (13.3%), gastro-intestinal diseases in 98 (12.2%), hernias in 93 (12.47%), urinary system diseases in 30 (4.21%), male genital system diseases in 28 (3.75%), breast diseases 27 (3.62%), rectal and peri-anal diseases in 25 (3.35%), spinal diseases 16 (2.12%), brain diseases 14 (1.88%) other diseases in 43 (5.76%). Commonest antibiotic used was cefuroxime. Conclusions: The hepatobiliary disease was the commonest reason to undergo surgery. Keywords: Surgical prophylaxis, Rational use of antibiotics.
Data fusion for the detection of buried land mines (1993)

The authors conducted experiments to demonstrate the enhanced delectability of buried land mines using sensor fusion techniques. Multiple sensors, including imagery, infrared imagery, and ground penetrating radar, have been used to acquire data on a number of buried mines and mine surrogates. The authors present this data along with a discussion of the application of sensor fusion techniques for this particular detection problem. The authors describe the data fusion architecture and discuss some relevant results of these classification methods.
SIX YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN A CHILDREN'S HOME1 (1969)

Cesario, T. C, J. D. Poland, H. Wulff, T. D. Y. Chin (Ecological Investigations Program, National Communicable Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66103) and H. A. Wenner. Six years experience with herpes simplex virus in a children's home. Amer. J. Epid., 1969, 90; 416–422.—A 6-year study of the epidemiology of virus infections in a children's home revealed 32.1% of the children shed herpes simplex virus at least once. Episodes of non-primary shedding occurred at intervals varying from 2 to 45 months, lasted as long as 5 months, and rarely led to rises in the neutralizing antibody titer. Herpes labialis was an infrequent physical finding despite the frequent isolation of the virus. In only 35% of the cases could illness be implicated as activating herpes simplex virus. Fifty-one % of the children entering the home had neutralizing antibodies for herpes simplex virus; only eight of 70 initially seronegative children experienced primary infections while in the home.
Improving glucose oxidase properties by directed evolution (2007)

The goal of my PhD project was to improve properties of glucose oxidase (GOx) for its putative use in the anodic compartment of miniaturized biofuel cell (BFC) for human in-body applications. The method used for achieving the goal was directed protein evolution using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as host for functional GOx expression. Diversity at gene level was obtained by epPCR (0.05 mM Mn2+) and saturation mutagenesis in position T30. Shuttle vector pYES2 (GAL1 promoter) and S. cerevisiae were used for enzyme library expression. Construction of the mutagenic library in E. coli was performed with a ligase-free method. An ABTS assay based high-throughput screening system was developed for solid-phase prescreening and liquid-phase screening of the mutant libraries. A mutant L(n14)P T30V I94V with increased substrate specificity toward s-D-glucose (Km: from 21.3 mM to 13.7 mM) was found. A possible explanation for the observed improvement could be a reorientation of the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD resulting in a better accommodation of the substrate inside the binding site. Reorientation of the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD is promoted by the disappearance of a hydrogen bond between the protein backbone and the noncovalently bound FAD. Despite of the increased catalytic efficiency, other properties of L(n14)P T30V I94V mutant such as thermal stability and pH activity profile remained unchanged. In perspective, rspective, engineering of GOx by directed evolution will likely enable the development of BFCs driving implantable device such as pacemaker and insulin pump. Such devices might become important for the rapidly growing field of personalized medicine. The established genetic system and optimized screening assay present for the first time a successful directed evolution to tailor properties of GOx in yeast.
Acoustic test facility for aero engine fans (2008)

The facility for acoustic tests of aero engine fans in conditions of anechoic chamber is created in Central Institute of Aviation Motors (Moscow). The facility is designed for testing models of single rotating fans and counter rotating fans. The measurements of the sound are carried out in forward and rearward semi-spheres simultaneously. Design features of the anechoic chamber and its acoustic performance are presented. Also a fan drive system and systems of acoustic and aerodynamic measurements are described. In particular fan rotor max rotation frequency makes up 13,000 rpm at each shaft max power 2.5 MW. The rig acquisition system allows checking in real time results of complete three-octave analysis of machine noise on all 24 channels in a measurement frequency range of 0œ80 kHz.
A straightforward route to ibophyllidine alkaloids by a double transannular cyclization (1995)

Ring cleavage of indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine 4 to an octahydroazecino[5, 4-b]indole system, followed by introduction of a cyano substituent and double transannular cyclization gives (±)-deethylibophyllidine.
Poly(phenylenevinylene)s with Dendritic Side Chains:  Synthesis, Self-Ordering, and Liquid Crystalline Properties (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPoly(phenylenevinylene)s with Dendritic Side Chains: Synthesis, Self-Ordering, and Liquid Crystalline PropertiesZhenan Bao, Karl R. Amundson, and Andrew J. LovingerView Author Information Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 24, 8647–8649Publication Date (Web):November 10, 1998Publication History Received23 July 1998Revised10 October 1998Published online10 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ma981161eCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (59 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Liquid crystals,Liquids,Polymers,Solvents,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Structure and Electronic and Transport Properties of Transition Metal Intercalated Graphene and Graphene-Hexagonal-Boron-Nitride Bilayer (2011)

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the Fe-, Co-, Ni-, and V-intercalated graphene bilayer sandwich (denoted by C2|M|C2, M = Fe, Co, Ni, and V) and graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) bilayer sandwich (denoted by C2|M|BN, M = Fe, Co, Ni, and V) are studied by using density functional theory method. We find that both the graphene bilayer and graphene-h-BN bilayer in all the C2|M|C2 and C2|M|BN sandwiches favor AB stacking over AA stacking mode. The Fe, Co, and Ni atoms prefer to be located over the center of C–C bonds whereas V atoms prefer to be located above the C atoms on graphene, and they all prefer to be located above the N atoms on h-BN sheet, regardless of the stacking mode. The C2|Fe|C2, C2|Co|C2, C2|Fe|BN, and C2|Co|BN sandwiches of AB stacking are all ferromagnetic metals with the spin polarization of 86%, 67%, 65%, and 46% at the Fermi level, respectively. By contrast, both C2|Ni|C2 and C2|Ni|BN sandwiches of AB stacking are nonmagnetic semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.64 and 0.23 eV, respectively, which provide a novel strategy of opening a bandgap of graphene. From the quantum transport calculation, we obtain a giant room-temperature magnetoresistance of ∼200% in the spin valve device based on AB stacking C2|Fe|C2 sandwich.
Linkage analysis demonstrates that the prothrombin G20210A mutation jointly influences plasma prothrombin levels and risk of thrombosis (2000)

Association studies suggest that the G20210A mutation (G to A substitution at nucleotide position 20210) in the prothrombin gene (PT) is associated with increased plasma prothrombin activity and with increased risk for venous thromboembolism. To test directly for linkage between this PT variant and plasma prothrombin activity we performed a family-based study. The G20210A genotypes and plasma prothrombin activity levels were determined in 435 individuals belonging to 22 extended Spanish families. The sample was composed of 388 homozygous (G/G) normal individuals and 43 heterozygote (G/A) and 4 homozygote (A/A) carriers for the G20210A mutation. The results of variance-component linkage analysis yielded a highly significant lod score of 3.6 (P = 2.4 x 10(-5)) between this mutation and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influences prothrombin activity. Importantly, a conditional linkage analysis that simultaneously accounted for association with the G20210A variant completely eliminated the linkage signal, which indicates that this mutation affects the function of the prothrombin gene. Additionally, a bivariate linkage analysis of plasma prothrombin activity and thrombosis significantly improved the linkage signal for prothrombin activity (lod score = 4.7; P = 1.5 x 10(-6)) and provided strong evidence that this QTL has a pleiotropic effect on the risk of thrombosis (lod score = 2.43; P =.0004). These results represent the first direct genetic evidence that a QTL in the PT gene influences prothrombin activity levels and susceptibility to thrombosis and strongly support the conclusion that G20210A is a functional polymorphism. (Blood. 2000;95:2780-2785)
Tenascin-C and human tendon degeneration. (1996)

We investigated the distribution of tenascin in supraspinatus tendons to determine whether an alteration in tenascin expression was associated with human tendon degeneration. Tenascin was present in all of the tendons studied, although with two distinct patterns of expression. First, tenascin was associated with organized, fibrous regions of the tendon matrix that were typical of the normal tendon structure. This distribution is consistent with a role for tenascin in collagen fibril organization, perhaps maintaining the interface between fibrils and adjacent structures. Second, although tenascin was generally absent from poorly organized matrix in degenerate tendons, it was strongly associated with some rounded cells in disorganized fibrocartilaginous regions that were more abundant in pathological specimens. Tenascin was also found around infiltrating blood vessels, with more intense staining associated with a mononuclear cell infiltrate. Western blotting of tendon extracts showed differences in tenascin isoform expression, with only the small (200-kd) tenascin isoform found in normal tendons. Degenerate tendons also expressed the 300-kd isoform, consistent with a role for the larger tenascin isoform in tendon disease, potentially stimulating tenocyte proliferation, cell rounding, and fibrocartilaginous change. Proteolytic fragments of tenascin were detected but only in ruptured tendons, an indication of matrix remodeling in degenerate tendons, with fragment sizes consistent with the activity of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes.
The time dependence of molecular iodine emission from <i>Laminaria digitata</i> (2009)

Abstract. We present the first in situ detection of molecular iodine emitted from the brown macroalga Laminaria digitata under natural stress conditions. We show that the release of I2 occurs in short, strong bursts with a complex time signature. The new data indicate that algal control of I2 release in the form of an oscillatory time-dependence may be based on a nonlinear autocatalytic reaction scheme which is closely linked to the production of H2O2.
Characterization of a<i>Sarcocystis neurona.</i>Isolate (SN6) from a Naturally Infected Horse from Oregon (1999)

An isolate of Sarcocystis neurona (SN6) was obtained from the spinal cord of a horse from Oregon with neurologic signs. The parasite was isolated in cultures of bovine monocytes and equine spleen cells. The parasite divided by endopolygeny and completed at least one asexual cycle in cell cultures in three days. Two gamma interferon knockout mice inoculated with cell culture-derived merozoites became ill 35 d later and S. neurona schizonts and merozoites were found in encephalitic lesions. The parasite in tissue sections of mice reacted with S. neurona-specific antibodies and S. neurona was reisolated from the brain of knockout mice.
Synergistic/additive interaction of valproic acid with bortezomib on proliferation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells (2012)

Resistance to chemotherapy is still a challenge for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Combination use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and proteasome inhibitors may provide a potential way to overcome drug resistance. One of the HDACIs, valproic acid (VPA), and a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BOR), were assessed. Co-exposure of cells to VPA and BOR inhibited proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in G0-G1 phase and induced apoptosis in both HL60 and HL60A cells. These events were accompanied by the inhibition of cyclin D1 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as telomerase activity. Moreover, synergism of proliferation inhibition was found in HL60A, superior to the additivity in HL60. The effects of combination treatment on cell cycle arrest and telomerase activity inhibition in HL60A were also more striking than those in HL60. In summary, our findings provide an insight into future clinical applications of the VPA-BOR combination regimen for AML, especially in those cases which are resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
The single burst error detection performance of binary cyclic codes (1994)

Using a new statistical model for burst errors, the authors calculate the conditional probability of undetected error for CRC codes with generator polynomials of the form g(x)=(1+x)p(x), p(x) a primitive polynomial. They show that the choice of p(x) affects the performance of these codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydroaminomethylation of fatty acids with primary and secondary amines — A new route to interesting surfactant substrates (2000)

The rhodium catalysed hydroaminomethylation of the unsaturated fatty acid derivatives oleic acid ethyl ester (1) and oleyl alcohol (2) with the primary amines hexylamine (3), benzylamine (4), aspartic acid diethyl ester (5) and valinol (6), and with the secondary amine morpholine (7), respectively, proceeds with good to excellent yields. Using primary amines the structure of the reaction products depends on the stoichiometry of the reactants. Performing the reaction of (1) with (3) with an excess of the amine compound the corresponding secondary amine (9) (1:1-adduct) was observed. Working with a 2-fold excess of (1) the tertiary amine (16) (2:1-adduct) was the main product.