gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Vaccination for the Active Immunotherapy of Cancer (2001)

Molecular biology techniques have given novel impetus to the immunotherapy of cancer because they have catalyzed the identification of several potential tumor antigens, and permitted the generation of vectors for the delivery of genetic material encoding these antigens. Vaccines can be defined "genetic" when the antigen they enclose is present as DNA or RNA. Microrganisms used as vectors can deliver the genetic information, but naked nucleic acids have also been shown to be effective immunogens thanks to built-in adjuvants that activate professional antigen presenting cells. Although gene-based cancer vaccines have been tested in mouse models and selected for pilot clinical trials, enthusiasm has somewhat waned due to an apparently major drawback of cancer vaccination: tumor antigens are weak, and therefore fail to stimulate a sterilizing immune response in tumor-bearing patients. Mouse studies, however, have shown that cancer vaccines are extremely efficacious in establishing a state of active immunosurvellance against tumor growth. This review reconsiders the findings emerging from preclinical studies in the context of our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular bases of the immune responses to vaccines, in an attempt to approach critically the use of genetic vaccination for the treatment of cancer.
Effects of Abomasal Infusions of Glucose and Proprionate on Milk Yield and Composition (1977)

According to the glucogenic theory increased glucose availability is responsible for the low-milk fat problem that occurs when cows are fed high-grain, low-fiber diets. Abomasal infusions of glucose or propionate were used to test this theory. In the first trial, an average of 2.15 kg of glucose (per cow) was infused daily for 5 days. Compared to the control treatment (water infusions), the glucose infusions increased glucose concentrations of plasma (65.93 to 70.27 mg/100 ml) but had no significant effects on insulin in plasma. Milk yield increased 1.9 kg per day while the percentages of milk fat and protein decreased slightly (.31 and .14) as a result of glucose infusions. However, daily yields of milk fat and protein were not affected significantly by the increased availability of glucose. In a second trial, propionate (15 moles/cow/ day) was infused into the abomasum continuously for 5 days. Feed intake was reduced 2.53 kg per day during propiohate infusions. Milk yield, milk composition, and glucose and insulin concentrations in plasma were not affected by postruminal infusions of propionate.
One-step synthesis of superior dispersion of chemically converted graphene in organic solvents (2010)

Chemically converted graphene that was reduced with phenylhydrazine was highly dispersed in organic solvents, and its "paper" prepared by filtration of the reduced graphene possessed an electrical conductivity value as high as 20,950 S m(-1).
Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion is an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. (2002)

Substantial improvements in long-term survival have been made with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the overall success rate in treatment of AML is around 50%, despite intensive chemotherapeutic regimens. AML cell survival seems to be related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether VEGF production by AML cells is a prognostic factor for therapeutic outcome and whether this is independent of known prognostic factors such as WBC count, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and risk assessment in which the presence of t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16) or FAB M3 defines a low-risk group. Pretreatment levels were measured in the supernatant of AML cells obtained from 47 children with newly diagnosed AML treated between 1988 and 1998. All patients were treated with intensive chemotherapeutic protocols from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group [DCLSG (DCLSG-ANLL87, DCLSG-ANLL92/94, and DCLSG-ANLL97)]. VEGF was measured at the mRNA level with reverse transcription-PCR and at the protein level using a VEGF immunoassay. VEGF in the supernatant from AML cells was highly variable and in concordance with reverse transcription-PCR results. The low-risk group had significantly lower VEGF levels compared with all others (P = 0.002). VEGF levels were significantly increased in AML FAB M4/M5 versus AML patients with FAB M1/M2/M3/M4eo (P = 0.011), who are reported to have a longer remission duration. Subsequently, the influence of different variables on therapeutic outcome was analyzed. No differences were found in overall survival. But within the limits of the small patient population, VEGF levels as well as age at diagnosis had an independent significant effect on relapse-free survival (P = 0.032 and P = 0.029, respectively) in multivariate analysis.
Stem cell factor amplifies newborn and sickle erythropoiesis in liquid cultures (1993)

A two-phase liquid-culture system was used to substantially amplify and differentiate erythroblasts, starting with mononuclear cells from the blood of normal adults, newborn infants, and patients with sickle cell anemia. After the first 7 days (phase 1), in medium plus fetal bovine serum (FBS) alone, or in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) or conditioned medium (CM), the cell number was unchanged, and the cells all looked like lymphocytes. These cells were then diluted into medium with erythropoietin (Ep) alone, with Ep and either SCF or CM, or in methylcellulose with the same factors (phase 2). After 14 days in liquid phase 2 with SCF and Ep, the cell numbers increased an average of 30-fold in the sickle, 24-fold in the newborn, and 4-fold in the normal adult cultures; almost all the cells were erythroblasts and erythrocytes. SCF in phase 1 increased the number of late progenitors (CFU-E) assayed in methylcellulose, with the largest number in sickle, followed by newborn cultures and then adult cultures. We conclude that erythroid progenitor cells survive for at least 7 days without Ep (but with FBS). Progenitor cells are amplified, particularly with SCF. Later in culture, SCF with Ep increases the final number of differentiated erythroid cells. Both the early and the late effects of SCF are most effective in sickle, followed by newborn cultures and then adult cultures.
Surface roughness and the enhanced intensity of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on metals (1978)

Greatly enhanced Raman scattering from monolayers of pyridine adsorbed on silver has been reported by several authors. I propose that the anomalous intensity arises from preresonant or resonant excitations of conduction electron resonances in adsorbate covered metal bumps on the surface. The bumps form a two-dimensional colliodlike layer which displays a collective resonance at a frequency which depends on the bump density. The model can account for the disparate excitation functions reported by two groups in terms of varying degrees of roughness. The apparent lack of enhancement with metals other than Group Ib is also explained.
Method for Obtaining Long Optical Paths (1940)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. D. Smith and J. K. Marshall, "Method for Obtaining Long Optical Paths," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30, 338-342 (1940) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Regulation of type I collagen genes expression (2000)

Type I collagen is the major component of many extracellular matrices, and its accumulation characterizes most fibrotic processes. It is synthesized by a small number of discrete cell types, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Analysis of transgenic mice harbouring different segments of the promoters of the mouse pro-alpha1 (I) and pro-alpha2 (I) genes has led to the conclusion that this tissue-specific expression is controlled by different cis-acting elements which are responsible for the expression of type I collagen genes in different type I collagen-producing cells. Transacting factors which bind to these different tissue-specific elements are still unknown, but they probably act by modifying the chromatin structure. In fibroblastic cells, various soluble molecules can modulate the transcription of type I collagen genes. Analysis of the pro-alpha1 (I) and pro-alpha2 (I) proximal promoters has led to the identification of different cis-acting elements which can modulate the expression of reporter genes, in transfection experiments. Among these cis-acting elements, a sequence located between -378 and -183 bp in the human pro-alpha2 (I) promoter appears to mediate the transcriptional effects of transforming growth factor-beta. It binds a large multimeric complex which contains Sp1, as well as AP1 and other DNA-binding proteins which have not yet been identified.
Equivalent SPICE Circuits With Guaranteed Passivity From Nonpassive Models (2007)

In this paper, a new fast technique of passivity enforcement of a nonpassive rational model is introduced. The technique disturbs poles of the model to restore passivity in such way that the frequency response of a device being modeled is preserved. The passivity enforcement procedure is defined as an optimization routine with the gradients of the cost function evaluated using the theory of matrix perturbation. The rational model can be based either on passive (electromagnetic simulations, measurements) or nonpassive (surrogate models) data. In the second case, the proposed technique can lead to a parameterized SPICE networks. Some advanced examples are given to show the application of proposed approach in interconnect, packaging, and signal integrity analysis
Acoustic Absorption in Porous Materials (2011)

An understanding of both the areas of materials science and acoustics is necessary to successfully develop materials for acoustic absorption applications. This paper presents the basic knowledge and approaches for determining the acoustic performance of porous materials in a manner that will help materials researchers new to this area gain the understanding and skills necessary to make meaningful contributions to this field of study. Beginning with the basics and making as few assumptions as possible, this paper reviews relevant topics in the acoustic performance of porous materials, which are often used to make acoustic bulk absorbers, moving from the physics of sound wave interactions with porous materials to measurement techniques for flow resistivity, characteristic impedance, and wavenumber.
Magnetostrictive stress reconfigurable thin film resonators for near direct current magnetoelectric sensors (2014)

The magnetic response of microdevices is significantly enhanced at structural resonance allowing for improved sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Here, free-standing thin film CoFe bridge resonators have been fabricated and investigated. It is shown that the strong magnetic field dependence of the fundamental resonance frequency is a function of magnetic field orientation due to stress-induced anisotropy. These devices may offer a new approach for developing fully integrated resonant magnetic field sensing technology.
Heregulin Activation of Extracellular Acidification in Mammary Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Expression of HER2 and HER3 (1995)

HER2, the erbB-2/neu proto-oncogene product, is a 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Overexpression of HER2 was reported in several human adenocarcinomas, including mammary and ovarian carcinomas. A family of glycoproteins, the heregulin/neu differentiation factors, was characterized and implicated as the ligands for HER2. Recently, it has been shown that HER2 alone is not sufficient to reconstitute high affinity heregulin receptors and that HER3 or HER4 may be the required components of the heregulin receptors on mammary carcinoma cells (Sliwkowski, M.X., Schaefer, G., Akita, R.W., Lofgren, J.A., Fitzpatrick, V.D., Nuijens, A., Fendly, B.M., Cerione, R.A., Vandlen, R.L., and Carraway, K.L., III (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14661-14665; Plowman, G.D., Green, J.M., Culouscou, J.-M., Carlton, G.W., Rothwell, V.M., and Buckley, W. (1993) Nature 366, 473-475). Using the Cytosensor to measure the extracellular acidification rate, we have examined the effects of recombinant human heregulin-alpha on three mammary carcinoma cell lines expressing HER2 (MDA-MB-453, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7), an ovarian carcinoma cell line expressing HER2 (SK-OV-3), and CHO-K1 and 293-EBNA cells stably transfected with HER2. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, we found that the breast cells also express HER3 and that the ovarian line co-expresses the HER4 message. A dramatic increase in the acidification rate was observed for the mammary carcinoma cells co-expressing high levels of HER2 and HER3. In contrast, the ovarian cells expressing high levels of HER2 and low levels of HER4 or CHO-K1 and 293-EBNA cells expressing HER2 alone were not responsive to heregulin. When these same transfected cells were exposed to monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody followed by anti-IgG to cause aggregation of the HER2 molecules, an increase in the acidification rate was observed, indicating coupling of transfected HER2 to the signal transduction pathway. Transfection of HER2 into MCF-7 cells, on the other hand, gave 4-fold enhanced acidification responses. These data, together with the previously reported high affinity heregulin binding and activation of tyrosine phosphorylation in HER2 and HER3 co-transfected cells support the role of HER2 and HER3 as components of the heregulin receptor in breast cells.
Efficient chemical synthesis of GDP-fucose (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient chemical synthesis of GDP-fucoseYoshitaka Ichikawa, Mui Mui Sim, and Chi Huey WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 10, 2943–2946Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00036a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00036a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views947Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Health Outcomes for Vaginal Compared With Cesarean Delivery of Appropriately Grown Preterm Neonates (2013)

In this preterm cohort, cesarean delivery was not protective against poor outcomes and in fact was associated with increased risk of respiratory distress and low Apgar score compared with vaginal delivery.
All-Optical Logic Gates: Designs, Classification, and Comparison (2014)

The paper reviews the current status and designs of all-optical gates. Various schemes with and without semiconductor optical amplifiers are discussed and compared. The optical gates are classified according to their design structures. It is divided into two major divisions that is, nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates and semiconductor optical amplifier based gates. In nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates, different schemes have been proposed to create non-linearity which is discussed. The semiconductor optical amplifier based gates of different design structures are discussed to show the probe pulse that is modulated in different ways to obtain results.
ZnO based homojunction p-i-n solar cell to self-power UV detector (2017)

A simple novel and low cost efficient all ZnO based homojunction p-i-n solar cell without any top transparent conductive oxide layer and aback reflector layer are numerically modeled using 2D device simulation tool ATLAS. Optimization of the different layers, doping level and power conversion efficiency of the model has been done. The spectral response such as transmissivity, reflectance, and absorptance under AM1.5 solar illumination is well studied. Although the ZnO material responds to only a small portion of sunlight in UV region of AM1.5, the External Quantum efficiency(EQE) of the model is found to be nearly 70% and efficiency upto 16% for 1000nm thick i-layer ZnO. These optimized results are validated with other reported published experimental works. The wavelength dependent photo response properties of the homojunction are investigated in detail by studying the effect of light illumination on current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, photocurrent and spectral response at room temperature. From the photocurrent spectra, it is observed that the ultraviolet (UV)photons are absorbed in the depleted n-ZnO under positive bias conditions with responsivity of 1.6 mA/V. This indicates that such a model of ZnO p-i-n thin film homojunction can be used to sense UV though the photo response for UV as well as generate a significant energy to self-power this sensor.
Off-axial oscillation modes in longitudinally pumped semiconductor lasers (1989)

A semiclassical approximation is used in a calculation of the distributions of the fields and excitation thresholds of transverse modes generated in semiconductor lasers pumped longitudinally by an electron beam. Calculation allows for the effects associated with the influence of a thermal lens and with an inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of the gain. It is shown that an increase in the pumping rate alters the mechanism of field localization: near the lasing threshold the properties of off-axial oscillation modes are governed by the focusing effect of the thermal lens, whereas at higher excitation rates they are determined by the nature of the spatial distribution of the gain in the active medium. The calculated results are compared with the experiments.
THE APPLICATION OF PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES FOR INSPECTION OF RAILWAY AXLES FROM THEIR END FACE (2011)

As part of the development of a non destructive testing (NDT) system combining complementary inspection techniques, an inspection system based on phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) for detection of transverse cracking in solid railway axles is being developed. This paper presents the initial study, which includes the PAUT experimental setup and the initial results obtained after testing the system on railway axle blocks. The inspection of solid axles from their axle end face is investigated.
Current-Only Directional Overcurrent Relay (2010)

Overcurrent relays are widely used for protection of power systems, directional ones for transmission side, and nondirectional ones for distribution side. The fault direction may be forward (between relay and grid), or reverse (between relay and source), the normal power flow being from source to the grid. Known directional overcurrent relays rely on a reference voltage phasor for estimating the direction of the fault, requiring both current and voltage sensors. This increases the cost of the relays, prohibiting the utilization of such relays in the distribution side protection and automation, which is going to be a key part in the smart grid initiative. In this paper, a novel current-only directional detection possibility is highlighted.
Magnetic stereotaxis (1990)

Advances in imaging techniques and computer software over the past decade now define brain abnormalities such as tumors in precise, three-dimensional images. We have taken advantage of these technological improvements in designing a system capable of performing magnetic manipulation of an object in a nonlinear trajectory and able to deliver hyperthermia to highly specific targets within the brain. This device relies on external magnets to pull a small metal pellet (thermoceptor) through the brain, and on biplane fluoroscopy to localize the thermoceptor with respect to previously obtained magnetic resonance images. A radiofrequency tuned circuit serves as the hyperthermia applicator and selectively heats the thermoceptor. This paper describes experiments conducted in a series of dogs showing that all three components of the system (magnetic drive, stereotactic real time imaging, and hyperthermia) can be achieved. Integration of the system was accomplished in one animal. These encouraging results need further detailed substantiation in each of the components, yet demonstrate the feasibility of such a device.
Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Cerebrospinal Fluid from Brain-Biopsied Patients and Correlation with Disease (1995)

Isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from brain tissue after biopsy has been considered the reference standard for the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). During the evaluation of antiviral treatment of HSE, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from patients with clinical disease indicative of HSE who underwent diagnostic brain biopsy. HSV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CSF of 53 (98%) of 54 patients with biopsy-proven HSE and was detected in all 18 CSF specimens obtained before brain biopsy from patients with proven HSE. Four of 19 CSF specimens were positive after 2 weeks of antiviral therapy. Positive results were found in 3 (6%) of 47 patients whose brain tissue was culture-negative. Detection of HSV DNA in the CSF correlated significantly with age and focal radiographic findings. Thus, PCR detection of HSV DNA should be the standard for diagnosis of HSE.
Extremely simple device for measuring 20-fs pulses (2004)

We demonstrate an extremely simple frequency-resolved optical-gating device (GRENOUILLE) capable of measuring pulses with spectra wider than 100 nm. Its nearly all-reflective geometry minimizes the material dispersion, allowing accurate measurement of pulses as short as 19 fs.
The Principles and Performance of Hubnet: A 50 Mbit/s Glass Fiber Local Area Network (1983)

The principles, some of the implementation details, and some performance results for Hubnet are given, Hubnet is a 50 Mbit/s local area network using glass fiber as a transmission medium. The performance of the network for different topologies and loads is analyzed. This analysis is supported by experience with prototype hardware. The network is shown to have excellent performance up to loads which are a large fraction of capacity. Hubnet uses a dual rooted tree structure with twin-fiber communications paths. This structure has not been reported previously in just this form. The network uses all seven layers of an early version of the proposed ISO Reference Model for Open Circuit Interconnection to implement its protocols. The protocols execute in 16 bit microprocessors embedded in the network access controllers within the network.