gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin-Destination Matrices Estimated with a Genetic Algorithm from Link Traffic Counts (2001)

Several approaches have been developed to cope with the limits of conventional origin-destination (O-D) trip matrix collecting methods. One is the bilevel programming method, which uses a sensitivity analysis-based (SAB) algorithm to solve a generalized least-squares problem. However, the SAB algorithm has revealed a critical shortcoming when there is a significant difference between the target O-D matrix and the true O-D matrix. This problem stems from the heavy dependence of the SAB algorithm on historical O-D information. Such dependence may lead to a state in which the O-D estimator cannot produce a correct solution, especially when travel patterns are dramatically changed. To avoid the problem of dependency, a robust and stable method is required. A solution method is developed with a genetic algorithm, which is widely used in optimization problems to obtain a global solution. From the results of numerical examples, the proposed algorithm is superior to the SAB algorithm regardless of travel patterns.
Broadband variations of the MUSIC high-resolution method for Sound Source Localization in Robotics (2007)

The MUSIC algorithm (multiple signal classification) is a well-known high-resolution method to sound source localization. However, as it is essentially narrowband, several extensions can be envisaged when dealing with broadband sources like human voice. This paper presents such extensions and proposes a comparative study w.r.t. specific robotics constraints. An online beamspace MUSIC method, together with a recently developed beamforming scheme, are shown to constitute a mathematically sound and potentially efficient solution.
Molecular Spreading of Pure and Binary Mixture PFPE Nano Films on Carbon-Overcoated Disks (2010)

Due to continuous increase in areal density, the head-media spacing combining head & media overcoat, lubricant film and fly height, is expected to be less than 6.5 nm for 1 Tbits/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> hard disk drives (HDDs). The intermittent contacts between head and disk during operation are unavoidable and cause lubricant depletion in the film. Therefore, the nanoscale conformation and self-healing ability (i.e., spreading) of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant nano films is critically important in the head-disk interface to maintain long-term reliability of HDDs. In this paper, the spreading phenomena for pure and binary mixture PFPE lubricant nano films on the carbon-overcoated media were examined via molecular dynamics simulation.
[Current status and future prospects of research on Fukuyama muscular dystrophy]. (2015)

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy(FCMD) is a second common childhood muscular dystrophy in Japan. All FCMD patients have ancestral insertion of the SVA retrotransposal element into fukutin. We show that aberrant mRNA splicing induced by SVA exon-trapping caused FCMD. Introduction of 3 cocktailed antisense oligonucleotides(AONs) targeting around these splice sites prevented pathogenic splicing in FCMD patient cells and model mice, and normalized protein production and functions of Fukutin as well as O-glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. We show the promise of splicing modulation therapy as the first radical clinical treatment for FCMD in the near future. We also show that fukutin is prerequisite to ameliorate muscular dystrophic phenotype by myofiber-selective LARGE expression. Recent advances in FCMD are discussed.
Molecular Strategies for Interrupting Arthropod-Borne Virus Transmission by Mosquitoes (2000)

Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections cause a number of emerging and resurgent human and veterinary infectious diseases. Traditional means of controlling arbovirus diseases include vaccination of susceptible vertebrates and mosquito control, but in many cases these have been unavailable or ineffective, and so novel strategies for disease control are needed. One possibility is genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors to render them unable to transmit arboviruses. This review describes recent work to test the concept of pathogen-derived resistance in arthropods by expression of viral genes in mosquito cell cultures and mosquitoes. Sense and antisense genome sequences from La Crosse virus (LAC) (a member of the Bunyaviridae) and dengue viruses serotypes 1 to 4 (DEN-1 to DEN-4) (members of the Flaviviridae) were expressed in mosquito cells from double-subgenomic and replicon vectors based on Sindbis virus (a member of the Togaviridae). The cells were then challenged with homologous or related viruses. For LAC, expression of antisense sequences from the small (S) genome segment, particularly full-length antisense S RNA, effectively interfered with replication of challenge virus, whereas expression of either antisense or sense RNA from the medium (M) segment was completely ineffective in LAC inhibition. Expression of sense and antisense RNA derived from certain regions of the DEN genome also blocked homologous virus replication more effectively than did RNA from other regions. Other parameters of RNA-mediated interference have been defined, such as the time when replication is blocked and the minimum size of effector RNA. The mechanism of RNA inhibition has not been determined, although it resembles double-stranded RNA interference in other nonvertebrate systems. Prospects for application of molecular strategies to control arbovirus diseases are briefly reviewed.
"Unvoiced speech recognition using EMG - mime speech recognition" (2003)

We propose unvoiced speech recognition, "Mime Speech Recognition". It recognizes speech by observing the muscles associated with speech. It is not based on voice signals but electromyography (EMG). It will realize unvoiced communication, which is a new communication style. Because voice signals are not used, it can be applied in noisy environments; it also supports people without vocal-cords and aphasics. In preliminary experiments, we try to recognize the 5 Japanese vowels. EMG signals from the 3 muscles that contribute greatly to the utterance of Japanese vowels are input to a neural network. The recognition accuracy is over 90% for the three subjects tested.
Substrate Binding Causes Movement in the ATP Binding Domain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Adenylate Kinase (1996)

Crystallographic evidence suggests that there is a large hinged domain motion associated with substrate binding in adenylate kinase. To test this hypothesis, resonance energy transfer measurements of substrate binding were initiated. Adenylate kinase from Escherichia coli consists of three domains: the main body of the enzyme with alpha-helical and beta-sheet secondary structure, and domains that close over the AMP and ATP binding sites. Four single tryptophan mutants were constructed to map distances. Two tryptophan mutants were positioned at residues 133 (Y133W) and 137 (F137W), which are in the domain that closes over the ATP binding site. Mutant F86W that is located at the AMP binding site, and mutant S41W that is in the loop that close over AMP, complete the mapping library. Energy transfer was measured between each of these tryptophans and 5-[[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (AEDANS) covalently bound to the single cysteine residue at position 77, which is located in the main body of adenylate kinase. The distance between the tryptophan of the F137W mutant adenylate kinase and the AEDANS-labeled Cys-77 decreased by 12.1 A upon the binding of the bisubstrate inhibitor P1, P5-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate (AP5A). There were only small alterations in the tryptophan to Cys-77-AEDANS distances in the Y133W, F86W, and S41W mutants upon the binding of AP5A, ATP, or AMP, implying that movement of residues 133, 86, and 41 in relation to the Cys-77 residue was minimal. These results suggest that there is significant closure of the ATP binding domain upon the binding of ATP or AP5A. Unexpectedly, exposure of the enzyme to AMP also introduced a partial closure of the ATP hinged domain.
Reconstituted HDL for the acute treatment of acute coronary syndrome (2013)

rHDL is a promising new potential therapy for ACS patients, but much work remains to be done, and there are many unresolved questions. Progress in developing rHDL into a therapy will depend on improving our understanding of their mechanism of action, determining the optimum formulation and delivery and how to monitor rHDL therapy.
Password-Based Authentication: Preventing Dictionary Attacks (2007)

Password-based authentication is susceptible to attack if used on insecure communication channels like the Internet. Researchers have engineered several protocols to prevent attacks, but we still need formal models to analyze and aid in the effective design of acceptable password protocols geared to prevent dictionary attacks.
Isolation and x-ray crystal structures of the solvate complexes [Li(Et2O)benzyl]x and [Li(THF)2mesityl]2 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and x-ray crystal structures of the solvate complexes [Li(Et2O)benzyl]x and [Li(THF)2mesityl]2Mark A. Beno, Haakon Hope, Marilyn M. Olmstead, and Philip P. PowerCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 12, 2117–2121Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00131a009https://doi.org/10.1021/om00131a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Dedicated Emergency Surgical Services on Patient Outcomes (2015)

ACS models as well as centralized units and hospitals with dedicated emergency operating rooms, access to radiology and intensive care facilities (ITU) are all factors associated with improved clinical and financial outcomes in the delivery of emergency general surgery. There is, however, no consensus on the elements that constitute an ideal ACS model and how it can be implemented into current surgical practice.
Phosphofructokinase mutants of yeast. Biochemistry and genetics. (1983)

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae completely lacking the soluble glycolytic enzyme fructose-6-P kinase are described. The mutations are semidominant, do not complement one another, and define a gene PFK1 located 28-cm distal to rna1 on the extended right arm of chromosome XIII. Of 10 independent mutants, 3 can be suppressed by ochre suppressors. All mutants examined synthesize proteins that cross-react to the antibody against the purified yeast P-fructokinase. The enzyme in spontaneous revertants is distinguishable from the wild type enzyme with respect to thermolability and ATP inhibition. The locus PFK1 thus defines the structural gene of the enzyme. The pfk1 mutants are not leaky in vivo. All the glucose consumed by a double mutant lacking both P-fructokinase and 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase ends up as 6-P-gluconate, yet the pfk1 mutants can glycolyze and grow on glucose in air. The cell mass produced per unit of glucose also remains unchanged. Anaerobically, however, growth does not take place, nor does glycolysis. P-fructokinase is thus a dispensable enzyme for aerobic growth, but indispensable for anaerobic growth. The properties of pfk1 mutants suggest that yeast has an alternative mechanism for the aerobic metabolism of fructose-6-P, presumably through the recently reported particulate P-fructokinase (Lobo, Z., and Maitra, P. K. (1982) FEBS Lett. 137, 279-282).
Abnormal surface liquid pH regulation by cultured cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium (2003)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway epithelial bicarbonate transport is hypothesized to participate in airway surface liquid pH regulation and contribute to lung defense. We measured pH and ionic composition in apical surface liquid (ASL) on polarized normal (NL) and CF primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures under basal conditions, after cAMP stimulation, and after challenge with luminal acid loads. Under basal conditions, CF epithelia acidified ASL more rapidly than NL epithelia. Two ASL pH regulatory paths that contributed to basal pH were identified in the apical membrane of airway epithelia, and their activities were measured. We detected a ouabain-sensitive (nongastric) H+,K+-ATPase that acidified ASL, but its activity was not different in NL and CF cultures. We also detected the following evidence for a CFTR-dependent HCO3- secretory pathway that was defective in CF: (i). ASL [HCO3-] was higher in NL than CF ASL; (ii). activating CFTR with forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine alkalinized NL ASL but acidified CF ASL; and (iii). NL airway epithelia more rapidly and effectively alkalinized ASL in response to a luminal acid challenge than CF epithelia. We conclude that cultured human CF bronchial epithelial pHASL is abnormally regulated under basal conditions because of absent CFTR-dependent HCO3- secretion and that this defect can lead to an impaired capacity to respond to airway conditions associated with acidification of ASL.
Design of a Specific Colonic Mucus Marker Using a Human Commensal Bacterium Cell Surface Domain (2012)

Imaging living cells and organs requires innovative, specific, efficient, and well tolerated fluorescent markers targeting cellular components. Such tools will allow proceeding to the dynamic analysis of cells and the adaptation of tissues to environmental cues. In this study, we have identified and synthesized a novel non-toxic fluorescent marker allowing a specific fluorescent staining of the human colonic mucus. Our strategy to identify a molecule able to specifically bind to the human colonic mucus was on the basis of the mucus adhesion properties of commensal bacteria. We identified and characterized the mucus-binding property of a 70-amino acid domain (MUB(70)) expressed on the surface of Lactobacillus strains. The chemical synthesis of MUB(70) was achieved using the human commensal bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri AF120104 protein as a template. The synthesized Cy5-conjugated MUB(70) marker specifically stained the colonic mucus on fixed human, rabbit, and guinea pig tissues. Interestingly, murine tissue was not stained, suggesting significant differences in the composition of the murine colonic mucus. In addition, this marker stained the mucus of living cultured human colonic cells (HT29-MTX) and human colonic tissue explants. Using a biotinylated derivative of MUB(70), we demonstrated that this peptide binds specifically to Muc2, the most abundant secreted mucin, through its glycosylated moieties. Hence, Cy5-MUB(70) is a novel and specific fluorescent marker for mammalian colonic mucus. It may be used for live imaging analysis but also, as demonstrated in this study, as a marker for the diagnosis and the prognosis of colonic mucinous carcinomas.
Optically Pumped Two-Dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> Lasers Operating at Room-Temperature (2015)

The discovery of direct bandgap semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has opened a new era in flexible optoelectronic devices. Critical to this development is the realization of a semiconductor laser using the emerging 2D TMDCs. Here, by embedding 2D MoS2 at the interface between a free-standing microdisk and microsphere, we have demonstrated, for the first time, room-temperature lasing from 2D TMDCs. The devices exhibit multiple lasing peaks in the wavelength range of ∼600 to 800 nm. The threshold is measured to be ∼5 μW under continuous wave operation at room temperature. No saturation in the output power is measured for pump powers more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than the threshold. The superior performance is attributed to the large gain of 2D TMDCs and the strong coupling between the 2D MoS2 gain medium and optical modes in the unique optical cavity.
Hematopoietic stem cell infusion/transplantation for induction of allograft tolerance (2015)

Tolerance induction in clinical kidney transplantation has been achieved by donor hematopoietic stem cell infusion. Improving the consistency and safety of tolerance induction and extending successful protocols to other organs, and to organs from deceased donors, are critical next steps to bringing tolerance to a wider range of clinical applications.
Xerostomia Management for Pediatric Oncology Patients with Lactoperoxidase Included Oral Health Care Products (2013)

Aim: Evaluating the efficacy of lactoperoxidase included oral care products for xerostomia in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy and to present an easy to follow oral care protocol.
Teach yourself ActiveX programming in 21 days (1996)

This guide acts as an introduction to ActiveX programming and covers ActiveX integration, scripting, and using and building controls. The 21 day structure includes daily lessons and review sections, and references with short examples are included.
Orientational stability of silicon surfaces (1989)

We summarize recent experimental work we have performed on the orientational stability of various Si surfaces, concentrating on the interpretation of the results in terms of the Si equilibrium crystal shape. We have found that Si surfaces misoriented by up to ∼12° from the (111) plane are stable at high temperatures. Below the ‘‘(1×1)’’-to-(7×7) reconstruction transition on Si(111) the surfaces misoriented towards the [1̄10] and [112̄] directions reversibly facet into stepped and reconstructed unstepped regions. Here we discuss in detail thermodynamical and statistical mechanical models of this faceting. Surfaces misoriented from the (111) plane in the [1̄1̄2] direction, as well as (100) and (112) surfaces are stable over the accessible temperature range. However, the introduction of small amounts of carbon causes both the (100) and (112) to facet. Calculations of the stability of Si(112) using recently proposed empirical potentials for Si are presented.
A 3.5pJ/bit 8-tap-feed-forward 8-tap-decision feedback digital equalizer for 16Gb/s I/Os (2014)

In this paper, we present a digital equalizer for 16Gb/s backplane I/Os which consumes only 3.5pJ/bit for an 8-tap FFE and 4+4 tap DFE operation. Several design choices were chosen to enable low power consumption at high speed. First, the FFE leverages parallelism to lower the supply voltage, while the DFE runs from a higher supply to close the feedback loop. Second, the FFE uses distributed arithmetic to reduce the number of required additions. Third, the DFE taps leave a window of four equalizer taps, which are covered by the FFE, in order to close the timing. Finally, a custom digital design style was chosen, which enabled the optimization of critical blocks and wires. At 0.6V supply, the FFE was measured to consume 1pJ/bit, while the DFE consumes 1.6pJ/bit at 0.9V while running at 16Gb/s.
Ventricular assist by synchronous, cardiac cycle-specific increases in intrathoracic pressure (1988)

To study the differential hemodynamic effects of cardiac cycle-specific ITP (intrathoracic pressure) pulses delivered by high-frequency jet ventilation (f approximately=2.5 Hz) at constant mean ITP, the authors varied their timing within single cardiac cycles during acute and chronic ventricular failure, preload-dependent left ventricular (LV) filling, and acute endotoxemia. Such pulses affect ventricular loading and mediate a spectrum of cardiac responses, depending on timing, contractility, intravascular volume, and vasomotor tone. With LV failure, ventricular assist is maximal during systolic pulses which reduce LV afterload and transmural aortic input impedance. When cardiac performance is preload-dependent, diastolic pulses maintain cardiac output at apneic levels when timed near the completion of ventricular filling.< <ETX>></ETX>
The Emerging CIO Role of Business Technology Strategist (2011)

This article focuses on the emerging CIO role of business technology strategist and its relationship with the three traditional IT management roles - informational, decisional, and interpersonal. Our starting assumption was that two characteristics of a CIO may also influence his or her ability to perform this emerging role: 1) the formal power derived from the CIO's reporting level and 2) the CIO's technical background (technical education and experience). Based on a field study of 45 CIOs, we find that the role of business technology strategist is most strongly related to the CIO's formal power and to his or her skills in absorbing and disseminating relevant information (the informational role). A technical background (technical credibility) is more important for the performance of the other two traditional roles (decisional and interpersonal), which are focused on managing IT resources. These findings on multiple CIO roles therefore help to reconcile a debate in the practitioner literature about how best to leverage CIOs as business technology strategists. CIOs who report to the CEO or a CxO will take an "outside-in" approach that leverages their access to top management. In contrast, in firms that have placed a less strategic focus on IT, CIOs with less formal power will take an "inside-out" approach that leverages their strong technical expertise and effective management of IT resources.
Autoantibody to a Nuclear Antigen in Proliferating Cells (1978)

Abstract This study reports the identification of an autoantibody in the sera of some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus that reacted with nuclear antigen(s) of proliferating cells. The autoantibody was initially detected by the observation that it did not react in immunofluorescence with nuclei of renal tubular or glomerular cells, nor with hepatic parenchymal cells, but only reacted with scattered cells in the interstitial tissue of these two organs. In contrast, many lymphocytes in lymph node follicles, spleen, and thymus reacted with this antinuclear antibody. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes did not show nuclear staining but after mitogenic stimulation, 20% of cells became positive. Nuclear staining was not restricted to lymphocytes but was also observed in several tissue culture cells lines such as Hep-2 cells (human epithelial carcinoma), Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and baby hamster kidney cells. The reactive nuclear antigen(s) was soluble in physiologic saline and reacted with serum autoantibody to give a precipitin line in immunodiffusion that was immunologically distinct from DNA and other known nuclear antigen-antibody precipitating systems. Autoantibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen(s) might serve as useful biologic markers to study stimulated lymphocytes and other proliferating cells.
[Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 promoter gene polymorphism is significantly associated with ulcerative colitis]. (2006)

The G allele of CTLA-4 promoter -1661 polymorphism showed a highly significant association with UC in Han Chinese of the central China.