gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating the portable APPN protocol stack into a multiprotocol router (2002)

Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN), including High Performance Routing (HPR) and Dependent LU Requester (DLUR), has been implemented as a portable code base. This paper provides an overview of APPN functionality, and then examines the five interfaces that must be met to integrate the portable APPN code into a multiprotocol router: operating system, configuration, data link control (DLC), HPR's network control layer (NCL), and network management. Operating system portability is achieved through a system services interface layer. Node configuration is managed by a layer that interfaces between platform-specific configuration mechanisms and a verb-based API at the top of the portable stack. The DLC and NCL interfaces are supported by lagers at the bottom of the portable APPN stack; the DLC layer provides a common interface to system-dependent data link control implementations for intermediate session routing, while NCL serves a similar purpose, encompassing priority-based forwarding, for High Performance Routing. Network management interfaces are available for SNA management services and SNMP. Each of interfaces to the portable APPN protocol stack and the associated design issues are described in the context of a multiprotocol router implementation.
The Design and Implementation of Multimedia Conference Terminal System on 3G Mobile Phone (2010)

Economic development and globalization of trade make the cross-region communication more and more frequent. Multimedia conference system supports that individuals or organizations in different places share voice, video and documents to achieve real-time communication. However, the existing multimedia conference terminals lack mobility support. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a Symbian-based multimedia conference terminal system on 3G mobile phone. With this conference terminal system, 3G users can enjoy the high-quality multimedia conference experience and the convenience of mobility at the same time.
Higher Baseline Levels of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Are Associated with Increased Mortality after Initiation of Triple‐Drug Antiretroviral Therapy (2003)

We evaluated 1422 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy between 1 August 1 1996 and 31 July 2000 and were monitored until 31 March 2002. Patients were stratified on the basis of baseline levels of HIV RNA (<50,000, 50,000-99,999, and > or =100,000 copies/mL). Cox regression was used to determine independent predictors of time to death. After adjustment for adherence to ART and other potential confounders, baseline levels of HIV RNA of > or =100,000 copies/mL remained independently associated with mortality (adjusted relative hazard, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.70; P=.023). If appropriately confirmed, these findings have important implications for the development of therapeutic guidelines.
Applications of Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry in Doping Control* (2005)

This paper reviews liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) procedures for the screening, identification and quantification of doping agents in urine and other biological samples and devoted to drug testing in sports. Reviewed methods published approximately within the last five years and cited in the PubMed database have been divided into groups using the same classification of the 2004 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List. Together with procedures specifically developed for anti-doping analysis, LC-MS applications used in other fields (e.g., therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical and forensic toxicology, and detection of drugs illicitly used in livestock production) have been included when considered as potentially extensible to doping control. Information on the reasons for potential abuse by athletes, on the requirements established by WADA for analysis, and on the WADA rules for the interpretation of analytical findings are provided for the different classes of drugs.
Thermally induced changes in the resistance, microstructure, and adhesion of thin gold films on Si/SiO2 substrates (1990)

The resistance as a function of annealing temperature for thin gold films on a SiO2 layer on silicon (100) passes through a minimum near 600 °C for times at temperature ≤60 min. The structural changes associated with this electrical behavior have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Annealing temperatures as low as 100 °C affect the microstructure as well as reducing the resistance. Recrystallization and grain growth occur with increasing temperature, and the high surface energy of gold relative to SiO2 results in nucleation and growth of porosity above about 600 °C which contributes to an abrupt increase in resistance. The adhesion of gold to SiO2 was improved at elevated temperatures (≥600 °C).
Epoxidierung von <i>cis</i>‐ und <i>trans</i>‐Doppelbindungen in C<sub>12</sub>‐Ring‐Kohlenwasserstoffen (1965)

Abstract Das Gemisch der Monoepoxide 2a , b von cis,trans,trans ‐Cyclododecatrien‐(1.5.9) ( 1a ) wird in das Ketongemisch ( 3a – c ) umgelagert und über die Semicarbazone in ein Gemisch von 92% cis,trans ‐ und 8% trans,trans ‐Cyclododecadien‐(1.5) ( 4a bzw. 4b ) übergeführt. Diese werden entsprechend über 6a – d in ein Gemisch von 78% cis ‐ und 22% trans ‐Cyclododecen ( 7a bzw. 7b ) umgewandelt. Bei der Epoxidierung von 1a mit Peressigsäure reagieren die trans ‐Doppelbindungen 6.6 mal so schnell wie die cis ‐Doppelbindung. Entsprechend wird die trans ‐Doppelbindung von 4a 5.7 mal so schnell wie die cis ‐Doppelbindung angegriffen.
Conserved MYC transcription factors play a key role in jasmonate signaling both in tomato and <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

Jasmonates (JA) are important regulators of plant defense responses that activate expression of many wound-induced genes including the tomato proteinase inhibitor II (pin2) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) genes. Elements required for JA induction of the LAP gene are all present in the -317 to -78 proximal promoter region. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we have identified the bHLH-leu zipper JAMYC2 and JAMYC10 proteins, specifically recognizing a T/G-box AACGTG motif in this promoter fragment. Mutation of the G-box element decreases JA-responsive LAP promoter expression. Expression of JAMYC2 and JAMYC10 is induced by JA, with a kinetics that precedes that of the LAP or pin2 transcripts. JAMYC overexpression enhanced JA-induced expression of these defense genes in potato, but did not result in constitutive transcript accumulation. Using footprinting assays, an additional protected element was identified, located directly adjacent to the T/G-box motif. Mutation of this element abolishes JA response, showing that recognition of this duplicated element is also required for gene expression. Knockout mutants in the AtMYC2 homolog gene of Arabidopsis are insensitive to JA and exhibit a decreased activation of the JA-responsive genes AtVSP and JR1. Activation of the PDF1.2 and b-CHI, ethylene/JA-responsive genes, is, however, increased in these mutants. These results show that the JAMYC/AtMYC2 transcription factors function as members of a MYC-based regulatory system conserved in dicotyledonous plants with a key role in JA-induced defense gene activation.
Fin formation model during pre-roll ploughing of copper 3D outside fin tube (2001)

The mechanism of pre-roll ploughing for 3D fins on the outside surface of copper tube was studied systematically, and especially the process and conditions of 3D fin formation were analyzed. The right mathematical model was also established. Based on the volume of fin ploughed out is equal to the volume of the metal extruded up by the extruding face of the tool, the relations between fin height, pre-roll ploughing feed and pre-roll ploughing depth have been achieved. With the increase of pre-roll ploughing depth which must be equal to groove depth, the fin height gradually becomes larger. There are different critical feeds with the various depths of pre-roll ploughing. The pre-roll ploughing feed is the critical one, the height of fin is largest. And when the feed is above the critical one, the fin height will reduce with the increase of feed. The theoretical analysis basically accords with experimental results.
A Nonlinear Controller Design Method for Fuel-Injected Automotive Engines (1988)

A nonlinear, “sliding mode” fuel-injection controller is designed based on a physically motivated, mathematical engine model. The designed controller can achieve a commanded air-to-fuel ratio with excellent transient properties, which offers the potential for improving fuel economy, torque transients, and emission levels. The controller is robust to model errors as well as to rapidly changing maneuvers of throttle and spark advance. The sliding mode control method offers a great potential for future engine control problems, since: it results in a relatively simple control structure that requires little on-line computing and no table lookups; it is robust to model errors and disturbances; and it can be easily adapted to a family of engines.
The Wnt antagonists Frzb-1 and Crescent locally regulate basement membrane dissolution in the developing primary mouth (2009)

The primary mouth forms from ectoderm and endoderm at the extreme anterior of the embryo, a conserved mesoderm-free region. In Xenopus, a very early step in primary mouth formation is loss of the basement membrane between the ectoderm and endoderm. In an unbiased microarray screen, we defined genes encoding the sFRPs Frzb-1 and Crescent as transiently and locally expressed in the primary mouth anlage. Using antisense oligonucleotides and ;face transplants', we show that frzb-1 and crescent expression is specifically required in the primary mouth region at the time this organ begins to form. Several assays indicate that Frzb-1 and Crescent modulate primary mouth formation by suppressing Wnt signaling, which is likely to be mediated by beta-catenin. First, a similar phenotype (no primary mouth) is seen after loss of Frzb-1/Crescent function to that seen after temporally and spatially restricted overexpression of Wnt-8. Second, overexpression of either Frzb-1 or Dkk-1 results in an enlarged primary mouth anlage. Third, overexpression of Dkk-1 can restore a primary mouth to embryos in which Frzb-1/Crescent expression has been inhibited. We show that Frzb-1/Crescent function locally promotes basement membrane dissolution in the primary mouth primordium. Consistently, Frzb-1 overexpression decreases RNA levels of the essential basement membrane genes fibronectin and laminin, whereas Wnt-8 overexpression increases the levels of these RNAs. These data are the first to connect Wnt signaling and basement membrane integrity during primary mouth development, and suggest a general paradigm for the regulation of basement membrane remodeling.
Specific inhibition of lymphokine biosynthesis and autocrine growth using antisense oligonucleotides in Th1 and Th2 helper T cell clones. (1988)

T helper cells have recently been divided into two subsets. The Th1 subset secretes and responds to IL-2 in an autocrine manner. The Th2 subset upon mitogen or antigen stimulation releases IL-4. Here we describe a novel technology that allowed us to confirm this distinction. We have used synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to the 5' end of mouse IL-2 and IL-4 to specifically block the biosynthesis of IL-2 or IL-4 in two murine helper T cell clones from the Th1 or Th2 subset. We show that the antisense IL-2 oligonucleotide inhibited the proliferation of the Th1 clone and had no effect on the Th2 clone. In parallel experiments, the antisense IL-4 oligonucleotide blocked the proliferation of the Th2 clone and not the proliferation of the Th1 clone. The inhibition was significantly reversed in both cases by the addition of the relevant lymphokine (IL-2 in the case of the Th1 clone, IL-4 in the case of the Th2 clone). Northern analysis, using cDNA probes specific for the two lymphokines, showed a decrease in the steady-state level of the relevant lymphokine mRNA, suggesting the specific degradation of the mRNA by an RNase H-like enzymatic activity. This strategy, which allows the specific blockade of the biosynthesis of a lymphokine, could be useful for future studies on the role of each T helper subset in physiological immune responses.
Real-time prediction of mortality, readmission, and length of stay using electronic health record data (2015)

Bayesian Networks can model EHRs to provide real-time forecasts for patient outcomes, which provide richer information than traditional independent point predictions of length of stay, death, or readmission, and can thus better support decision making.
The first peak of the UVB irradiation‐dependent biphasic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is due to phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and independent of autocrine transforming growth factor α (2000)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, the major damaging component of sunlight, has earlier been reported to enhance cutaneous angiogenesis in chronically sun-exposed skin. We herein provide first evidence for a biphasic induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following UVB irradiation of the human epidermal cell line HaCaT. The first VEGF peak occurred on mRNA level at 1 h and on protein level at 4 h postirradiation and is fully mediated by the UVB-dependent phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, which subsequent to its phosphorylation also initiates at least in part the synthesis of transforming growth factor alpha that confers as shown previously the second late VEGF peak at 8 h on mRNA and at 24 h on protein level.
A method of designing transistor trigger circuits (1953)

During the war there accumulated a considerable knowledge of valve circuits used for waveform generation and associated operations. Arising out of this, a fairly general circuit technique was developed which laid down some general principles of circuit design. One of the main objectives was the ability to design circuits that would operate with valves having characteristics which varied within fairly wide tolerances without component adjustments being necessary when valves were changed. The paper outlines a similar technique for use with point-contact transistors. It is written from the point of view of one familiar with the valve-circuit technique, and draws heavily on the analogy between the characteristics of transistors and pentodes. Much of the terminology and many of the ideas are carried over into the new field.Some basic circuits are described, such as 2-state devices, timing circuits, counters and relaxation oscillators. The application of these in digital computers is then considered and more complex arrangements are described.It is concluded that, using the methods described, circuits can be designed that will operate with the transistors currently available without the adjustment of components, or over-rigid selection of transistors.
Detection of DNA Hybridization on Gold Surfaces by Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (2002)

Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) was used to detect DNA hybridization on gold surfaces. Mixed monolayers of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with a C6−SH 5‘ modifier were first formed on the gold surface by co-deposition. Then hybridization with the complementary ssDNA strand was performed to obtain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The PM-IRRAS spectra obtained contained absorptive features indicative of DNA arising from the phosphodiester backbone and the purine and pyrimidine rings. An infrared signature of dsDNA was observed at 1655 cm-1 that was absent in the ssDNA spectra. This band permitted the distinction between ssDNA and dsDNA to be made thus allowing for the detection of DNA hybridization on gold surfaces by PM-IRRAS.
Problèmes de valeurs à la frontière relatifs à certaines données discontinues (1933)

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Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System (2013)

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and pathological processes such as CNS maturation in development, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Microglia can be activated and recruited to action by neuronal injury or stimulation, such as axonal damage seen in MS or ischemic brain trauma resulting from stroke. These immunocompetent members of the CNS are also thought to have roles in synaptic plasticity under non-pathological conditions. We employ protocols for culturing microglia from the neonatal and adult tissues that are aimed to maximize the viable cell numbers while minimizing confounding variables, such as the presence of other CNS cell types and cell culture debris. We utilize large and easily discernable CNS components (e.g. cortex, spinal cord segments), which makes the entire process feasible and reproducible. The use of adult cells is a suitable alternative to the use of neonatal brain microglia, as many pathologies studied mainly affect the postnatal spinal cord. These culture systems are also useful for directly testing the effect of compounds that may either inhibit or promote microglial activation. Since microglial activation can shape the outcomes of disease in the adult CNS, there is a need for in vitro systems in which neonatal and adult microglia can be cultured and studied.
Single-cell multi-omics sequencing of mouse early embryos and embryonic stem cells (2017)

Single-cell epigenome sequencing techniques have recently been developed. However, the combination of different layers of epigenome sequencing in an individual cell has not yet been achieved. Here, we developed a single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (single-cell COOL-seq) that can analyze the chromatin state/nucleosome positioning, DNA methylation, copy number variation and ploidy simultaneously from the same individual mammalian cell. We used this method to analyze the reprogramming of the chromatin state and DNA methylation in mouse preimplantation embryos. We found that within < 12 h of fertilization, each individual cell undergoes global genome demethylation together with the rapid and global reprogramming of both maternal and paternal genomes to a highly opened chromatin state. This was followed by decreased openness after the late zygote stage. Furthermore, from the late zygote to the 4-cell stage, the residual DNA methylation is preferentially preserved on intergenic regions of the paternal alleles and intragenic regions of maternal alleles in each individual blastomere. However, chromatin accessibility is similar between paternal and maternal alleles in each individual cell from the late zygote to the blastocyst stage. The binding motifs of several pluripotency regulators are enriched at distal nucleosome depleted regions from as early as the 2-cell stage. This indicates that the cis-regulatory elements of such target genes have been primed to an open state from the 2-cell stage onward, long before pluripotency is eventually established in the ICM of the blastocyst. Genes may be classified into homogeneously open, homogeneously closed and divergent states based on the chromatin accessibility of their promoter regions among individual cells. This can be traced to step-wise transitions during preimplantation development. Our study offers the first single-cell and parental allele-specific analysis of the genome-scale chromatin state and DNA methylation dynamics at single-base resolution in early mouse embryos and provides new insights into the heterogeneous yet highly ordered features of epigenomic reprogramming during this process.
A Fast local Reconstruction algorithm by selective backprojection for Low-Dose in Dental Computed Tomography (2013)

High radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) scans increases the lifetime risk of cancer, which become a major clinical concern. The backprojection-filtration (BPF) algorithm could reduce radiation dose by reconstructing images from truncated data in a short scan. In dental CT, it could reduce radiation dose for the teeth by using the projection acquired in a short scan, and could avoid irradiation to other part by using truncated projection. However, the limit of integration for backprojection varies per PI-line, resulting in low calculation efficiency and poor parallel performance. Recently, a tent BPF (T-BPF) has been proposed to improve calculation efficiency by rearranging projection. However, the memory-consuming data rebinning process is included. Accordingly, the chose-BPF (C-BPF) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the derivative of projection is backprojected to the points whose x coordinate is less than that of the source focal spot to obtain the differentiated backprojection (DBP). The finite Hilbert inverse is then applied to each PI-line segment. C-BPF avoids the influence of the variable limit of integration by selective backprojection without additional time cost or memory cost. The simulation experiment and the real experiment demonstrated the higher reconstruction efficiency of C-BPF.
Allele-Selective Inhibition of Mutant Huntingtin with 2-Thio- and C5- Triazolylphenyl-Deoxythymidine-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides (2015)

We report the effect of introducing a single incorporation of 2-thio-deoxythymidine (2S-dT) or C5-Triazolylphenyl-deoxythymidine (5-TrPh-dT) at four positions within the gap region of RNase H gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for reducing wild-type and mutant huntingtin mRNA in human patient fibroblasts. We show that these modifications can modulate processing of the ASO/RNA heteroduplexes by recombinant human RNase H1 in a position-dependent manner. We also created a structural model of the catalytic domain of human RNase H bound to ASO/RNA heteroduplexes to rationalize the activity and selectivity observations in cells and in the biochemical assays. Our results highlight the ability of chemical modifications in the gap region to produce profound changes in ASO behavior.