gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implantable microchip: the futuristic controlled drug delivery system (2014)

There is no doubt that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery system is an important challenge in medicine over the conventional drug delivery system in case of therapeutic efficacy. However, the conventional drug delivery systems often offer a limited by their inability to drug delivery which consists of systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, complex dosing schedule for long term treatment etc. Therefore, there has been a search for the drug delivery system that exhibit broad enhancing activity for more drugs with less complication. More recently, some elegant study has noted that, a new type of micro-electrochemical system or MEMS-based drug delivery systems called microchip has been improved to overcome the problems related to conventional drug delivery. Moreover, micro-fabrication technology has enabled to develop the implantable controlled released microchip devices with improved drug administration and patient compliance. In this article, we have presented an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of microchip as an advanced drug delivery system. Commercial manufacturing materials and methods, related other research works and current advancement of the microchips for controlled drug delivery have also been summarized.
Isolation and Characterization of a Tetramethyliron(III) Ferrate: An Intermediate in the Reduction Pathway of Ferric Salts with MeMgBr (2014)

While iron-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling reactions with simple iron salts have been known since the early 1970s, the nature of the in situ-formed iron species remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of the homoleptic tetralkyliron(III) ferrate complex [MgCl(THF)5][FeMe4] from the reaction of FeCl3 with MeMgBr in THF. Upon warming, this distorted square-planar S = (3)/2 species converts to the S = (1)/2 species originally observed by Kochi and co-workers with concomitant formation of ethane, consistent with its intermediacy in the reduction pathway of FeCl3 to generate the reduced iron species involved in catalysis.
Optical spectroscopy of field-induced charge in self-organized high mobility poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2001)

Charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS) is an electro-optical spectroscopic technique that allows the charge carriers present in the conducting channels of field-effect transistors (FET's) to be studied in situ. We use this technique to study the charge carriers present in regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT that has been shown to exhibit high field-effect mobilities of up to 0.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/Vs, similar to that observed for amorphous silicon. We demonstrate that the CMS spectra of charge carriers in high-mobility regio-regular P3HT FET's are independent of charge density, modulation frequency, and temperature. This is evidence for the presence of a single, intrinsic charge carrier that we identify as a singly charged polaronic species. The spectral features attributed to the charged species show a lack of vibronic structure that is in contrast to the vibronic structure present in the bleaching of the main $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ absorption of the neutral chains. The transition energies observed in regio-regular P3HT cannot be understood as an extrapolation of charge-induced transitions in isolated short-chain oligomers to long conjugation lengths. Our results give evidence that interchain coupling in highly ordered P3HT is sufficiently strong so that the charge carriers cannot be considered to be confined to a single chain, rather, they now exhibit quasi-two-dimensional characteristics.
Local structure and dynamics of lithium garnet ionic conductors: tetragonal and cubic Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (2015)

To better understand the ionic conduction in lithium garnet oxides, we employed molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the local structure and dynamics of a model material Li7La3Zr2O12 and origin of its tetragonal to cubic phase transition. Our simulations were able to produce lattice parameter, neutron scattering, and conductivity data close to those gathered using experimental techniques, which allows us to study atomic-scale details of this complex material. First, it was found that lithium atoms primarily perform oscillation and "structured diffusion" dynamics in the tetragonal and cubic phase, respectively. Second, we believe that the tetragonal to cubic phase transition is an entropy-driven one that involves redistribution of lithium atoms among all tetrahedral sites. The transition is likely to initiate on the tetrahedral 8a site but needs the cooperation of neighboring octahedral 32g Li as relay atoms. Finally, it was found that a few types of lithium clusters dominate in both phases of Li7La3Zr2O12, which leads to highly correlated motion of lithium atoms. The local symmetry of these clusters dictates a "center-pass" mechanism as lithium goes through the bottleneck.
Danegaptide for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction patients: a phase 2 randomised clinical trial (2018)

NCT01977755; Pre-results.
Child protection--a guide for midwives. (1997)

Foreword- Paul Howard retired Detective Inspector Norfolk Constabulary Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1- Becoming a family: mothers, babies and fathers Chapter 2- Supporting parents and parenting Chapter 3- When to trigger child protection procedures and what happens following a referral Chapter 4- The child protection conference Chapter 5- The child protection register Chapter 6- Serious case reviews Chapter 7- Roles and responsibilities of different agencies Chapter 8- The legislative framework Finally - The rights of children as laid down by the UN Convention Appendices- Useful Contacts
Piezoelectrically Actuated Microvalves for Micropropulsion Applications (2002)

This paper presents a piezoelectric microvalve technology with a high pressure handling capability for micropropulsion applications. The device is a normally closed valve fabricated mostly by the micromachining of silicon. The valve consists of a custom designed piezoelectric stack actuator bonded onto silicon valve components in a stainless steel housing. Major elements of the silicon valve design include narrow edge seating rings and tensile-stressed silicon tethers that contribute to the desired normally closed leak-tight operation. No leak has been detected from a soap solution test at differential pressures of 0∼500 psi for a normally closed valve structure, indicating a leak rate of 0.001sccm or lower has been achieved. Piezoelectric operation has been successfully demonstrated at a differential pressure of 500 psi. A flow rate of 20 sccm at 100 psi has been obtained at 50 V.
Ablation of immunity to <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> by anti-basophil serum: cooperation between basophils and eosinophils in expression of immunity to ectoparasites (ticks) in guinea pigs. (1982)

Basophils infiltrate the skin and other tissues as part of T lymphocyte and/or antibody-mediated immune responses to certain protein antigens, viruses, tumors, and parasites. Although basophils may comprise a significant fraction of leukocytes in these reactions, their precise role has been poorly understood. Guinea pigs expressing acquired immunity to the tick Amblyomma americanum develop basophil- and eosinophil-rich cutaneous inflammatory responses at tick feeding sites, and tick rejection is associated with extensive local basophil degranulation. We report that a specific anti-basophil serum (ABS) eliminate basophils at tick feeding sites and abolished immunity to A. americanum. ABS does not react with eosinophils and did not reduce blood or bone marrow eosinophils; however, ABS-treated animals had diminished eosinophils at tick feeding sites, perhaps because these sites were deficient in basophil-derived eosinophil-chemotactic factors. AES treatment markedly reduced feeding site eosinophils, did not affect basophil levels, and partially impaired tick resistance. Taken together, our experiments suggest cooperation between basophils and eosinophils in the expression of immunity to ticks in guinea pigs.
Critical Role for CXC Ligand 10/CXC Receptor 3 Signaling in the Murine Neonatal Response to Sepsis (2011)

ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that neonates rely heavily on innate immunity for their antimicrobial response to bacterial infections. However, the innate immune response by neonates to bacterial infection remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that in a murine model of neonatal polymicrobial sepsis, CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) concentrations increase in the blood and peritoneum concordant with the peritoneal recruitment of granulocytes and macrophages. Additionally, CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3) expression on elicited peritoneal macrophages and granulocytes increases following sepsis. Blockade of CXCL10 worsens not only recruitment and phagocytic function of peritoneal granulocytes and macrophages but also survival. Deletion of CXCR3 also significantly increases mortality to a septic challenge. Finally, we demonstrate that the protective adjuvant effect of pretreatment with a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist to neonatal sepsis is dependent on an endogenous CXCL10 response and that pretreatment of neonates with CXCL10 can also significantly improve macrophage and granulocyte function and modestly improve outcome to polymicrobial sepsis. Together, these data suggest a critical role for CXCL10 signaling during neonatal sepsis.
Specific Assay for Differentiation in the Stalked Bacterium <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> (1970)

The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus carries out a distinct differentiation process during its life cycle. Cultures of the bacterium have been synchronized and an assay has been developed for monitoring the course of morphogenesis by the selective adsorption of radioactive RNA bacteriophage.
The potential for caspases in drug discovery. (2010)

Caspases are a family of proteases that are involved in the execution of apoptosis and the inflammatory response. A plethora of diseases occur as a result of the dysregulation of apoptosis and inflammation, and caspases have been targeted as a therapeutic strategy to halt the progression of such diseases. Hundreds of peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors have been designed and tested, but only a few have advanced to clinical trials because of poor drug-like properties and pharmacological constraints. Although much effort has been focused on inhibiting caspases, there are many diseases that result from a decrease in apoptosis, thus activating procaspases could also be a viable therapeutic strategy. To this end, recent efforts have focused on the design of procaspase-3 activators. This review highlights the current progress in the rational design of both specific and pan-caspase inhibitors, as well as procaspase-3 activators.
32‐element receiver‐coil array for cardiac imaging (2006)

A lightweight 32-element MRI receiver-coil array was designed and built for cardiac imaging. It comprises an anterior array of 21 copper rings (75 mm diameter) and a posterior array of 11 rings (107 mm diameter) that are arranged in hexagonal lattices so as to decouple nearest neighbors, and curved around the left side of the torso. Imaging experiments on phantoms and human volunteers show that it yields superior performance relative to an eight-element cardiac array as well as a 32-element whole-torso array for both traditional nonaccelerated cardiac imaging and 3D parallel imaging with acceleration factors as high as 16.
DNA Directed Self-Assembly of Carbon Nanotube Structures (2011)

Production of pure carbon nanotube species and organization of nanoscale structure are two fundamental barriers to the utilization of CNTs in nanoelectronics. We have developed new methods to characterize double walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) structure by Raman spectroscopy and organize single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) constructs using DNA. First, using atomistic force fields calculations, we have shown that the radial breathing modes (RBM) of double walled carbon nanotubes can be accurately modeled as two uniform concentric cylindrical elastic shells coupled by a van der Waals interaction. This model leads to a simple equation which can be solved to give accurate RBMs (given diameters) or diameters (given RBMs). Secondly, we have developed a method for using DNA origami to template the assembly of complex SWNT structures. In this process, SWNTs are modified with non-covalently attached DNA linkers that present duplex labeling domains for base pairing to complementary single stranded hooks on customized DNA origami. We show that the SWNTs attach at positions and in orientations specified by their labeling sequence, and that nanotube cross-junctions assembled from two different SWNTs in this manner can behave as field effect transistors. Finally, we have devised a method for using DNA linkers to organize arrays of parallel SWNTs with uniform and selectable inter-nanotube separation of
Influence of chemical and biological pretreatments on the degradation of lignocellulosic material by biological systems (1988)

Abstract A highly lignified lignocellulosic substrate, barley straw, was modified by treatment with a variety of chemical and biological reagents. These reagents had specific effects on different components of the cell wall. The residual materials after the treatments were analysed for their composition and degradability by two biological pretreatments, rumen liquor and pepsin/cellulase. The biological pretreatments (cellulase and hemi‐cellulase) gave residues with decreased degradability. Reagents which primarily attack the hemicellulose component gave residues with slightly increased degradabilities. When the treatments primarily hydrolysed the phenolic acid/acetic acid ester bonds, the degradabilities were also slightly increased, but only reagents which primarily attack the core lignin component of the cell wall gave residues with greatly increased degradabililies. Similar results were obtained with both biological systems, but the rumen liquor system was always more efficient than the pepsin/cellulose system.
A comparison of IIR initialization techniques for improved color Doppler wall filter performance (1994)

The performance of exponential initialization, a novel infinite impulse response (IIR) filter initialization technique, was compared with that of three existing initialization techniques, zero, step, and projection in the context of color Doppler wall filtering. A simulation which uses a statistical estimation approach, was developed to evaluate the performance of each of the initialized IIR filters in terms of their effect on frequency estimation and tissue echo suppression. The results show that the wall filters examined here introduce a degree of bias into Doppler frequency estimation which depends on the IIR initialization technique, the filter cutoff frequency, the number of Doppler samples in the sample volume, and the input signal statistics. In addition, the realized frequency response is compromised relative to the desired steady state IIR response. Exponential initialization is shown to exhibit the least frequency estimate bias
Las exigencias del método: Construcción de itinerarios para la investigación social (2015)

Los trabajos que se presentan en este número de la Revista Latinoamericana de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales, son variados y heterogéneos; constituyen una diversidad de itinerarios epistemológicos, teóricos, metodológicos e instrumentales. Lo concreto de cada objeto es producto de distintas confluencias temporales y da lugar a trayectorias investigativas diferentes. En este sentido, lo planteado abre horizontes diversos; por tanto lo que cada autor descubre, devela o explica corresponde a su propio objeto, o sea, se refiere a las especificidades de sus hallazgos. En esta lógica no habría ninguna unidad entre los textos. Lo que le da la unidad y coherencia interna a este número de la revista es la preocupación de cada autor por cómo se construye el objeto de reflexión y cómo se definen las estrategias epistémico-metodológicas para dar cuenta de él. Dicho de otra manera, la unidad se constituye más por el cómo que por el qué. Es decir, el punto en común es cómo cada autor resuelve o propone resolver la reconstrucción teórica y empírica de su objeto. Esta unidad también refleja cómo los autores de cada artículo, se construyen como sujetos producto de múltiples transformaciones en la medida en que van definiendo su objeto de reflexión.
Efficient adaptive bit-rate control for Scalable Video Coding by using Computational Complexity-Rate-Distortion analysis (2011)

We present an adaptive pre-processing (pre-filtering) method and system for the efficient Scalable Video Coding (SVC). Our adaptive SVC prefiltering system enables to decrease motion activity, and in turn, enables to decrease quantization fluctuations within the background region of each layer of a SVC video sequence, which contains two or more layers. In turn, this enables to use smaller quantization parameters, but still to obtain the same compression rate for the optimal usage of encoder and decoder computational resources in order to achieve optimal video presentation quality. Our adaptive prefiltering system is very efficient since it is based on a SVC Computational Complexity-Rate-Distortion (C R-D) analysis, adding a complexity dimension to the conventional rate-distortion (R-D) analysis for the SVC coding. As a result, the SVC visual presentation quality at the decoder side is significantly improved even for the decoders with very limited computational resources, which can be very useful for various mobile devices, such as cellular phones. Also, we perform Region-of-Interest (ROI) SVC pre-processing for enabling providing efficient coding of the desired Region-of-Interest. The performance of the presented systems is demonstrated and compared with the Joint Scalable Video Model 9.19 (JSVM 9.19) reference software.
Long-Range Transport of Organic Exciton-Polaritons Revealed by Ultrafast Microscopy (2017)

The excitations in organic materials are often described by Frenkel excitons, whose wave functions are tightly localized on the individual molecules, which results in short-range, nanoscale transport. However, under strong light-molecule coupling, new quantum states, known as cavity polaritons, are formed and the wave functions describing the coupled system extend over distances much larger than the molecular scale. Using time-resolved microscopy we directly show that this fundamental modification in the nature of the system induces long-range transport in organic materials and propagation over several microns. By following the motion of polaritons in real-time, we measure the propagation velocity of polaritons and we find that it is surprisingly lower than expected. Our approach sheds new light on the fundamental characteristics of polaritons and can provide critical information for the design of future organic-electronic devices, which will harness the polaritonic properties to overcome the poor conductance of organic materials.
Titanium-47 and titanium-49 nuclear magnetic resonance in titanium(IV)-halogen compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium-47 and titanium-49 nuclear magnetic resonance in titanium(IV)-halogen compoundsR. G. Kidd, R. W. Matthews, and H. G. SpinneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 19, 6686–6689Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00774a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (501 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of a Microplate Latex Agglutination Method (Verotox-F Assay) for Detecting and Characterizing Verotoxins (Shiga Toxins) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

ABSTRACT The performance of a commercial microplate latex agglutination assay, the Verotox-F assay, was compared with that of the Vero cell assay for the detection and characterization of Escherichia coli verocytotoxins (VTs). Culture filtrates of 68 VT-positive E. coli strains (65 human isolates [33 of serotype O157:H7/H−, 32 of non-O157 serotypes] and 3 reference strains) and 104 VT-negative strains (100 human isolates and 4 reference strains) were investigated. The toxin phenotypes and genotypes of the 68 VT-positive isolates were VT1 only (18 strains), VT2 and/or VT2c (33 strains), and VT1 plus VT2 (17 strains). The Verotox-F assay involved incubation of serial dilutions of culture filtrates with equal volumes of latex particles sensitized with anti-VT1 antibody or anti-VT2 antibody in 96-well microtiter plates with appropriate controls and examination for latex agglutination after 20 to 24 h. Compared to the results of the Vero cell assay, the Verotox-F assay was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the detection of VTs in culture filtrates and correctly identified the toxin types of all 68 VT producers. By checkerboard titration with purified toxins, the sensitivity of the Verotox-F assay was found to be 14 pg (0.7 ng/ml) for VT1, 12 pg (0.6 ng/ml) for VT2, and 350 pg (17.5 ng/ml) for VT2c; this sensitivity is comparable to that of the bioassay. The anti-VT2 latex reagent detected both VT2 and VT2c and did not cross-react with VT1. The anti-VT1 reagent showed a low-level cross-reaction with VT2c only at levels (≥4.5 μg/ml) that were about 1,000-fold higher than those found in culture filtrates. We conclude that the Verotox-F assay is highly sensitive and specific for the detection and characterization of VTs in culture filtrates of human E. coli isolates. The test is rapid, reliable, and easy to perform; its results are easy to interpret; and it should allow testing for VT to become more widely performed.
Highly Water-Soluble BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Nitric Oxide in Living Cells (2013)

A highly water-soluble BODIPY dye bearing electron-rich o-diaminophenyl groups at 2,6-positions was prepared as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for detection of nitric oxide (NO) in living cells. The fluorescent probe displays an extremely weak fluorescence with fluorescence quantum yield of 0.001 in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in the absence of NO as two electron-rich o-diaminophenyl groups at 2,6-positions significantly quench the fluorescence of the BODIPY dye via photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. The presence of NO in cells enhances the dye fluorescence dramatically. The fluorescent probe demonstrates excellent water solubility, membrane permeability, and compatibility with living cells for sensitive detection of NO.