gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of intercellular junctions of epithelia by scatter factor (hepatocyte growth factor) (1995)

Columnar epithelia such as those which line the renal tubules and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are composed of cells joined by intercellular contacts. These contacts, or intercellular junctions are important in determining the function and three dimensional architecture of such organs. Intimately underlying columnar epithelia are mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Indeed, a subepithelial sheath of fibroblasts is common to several organs with lumens lined by columnar epithelial cells. Constant exchange of information occurs between these mesenchymal and epithelial compartments and is mediated in part by factors produced by these cell types. Such communications play an important role in diverse physiologic and pathologic events that include organ development in embryogenesis, wound repair and tumor metastasis.
A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its application in environmental pollution management (2012)

Graphene is an interesting two-dimensional carbon allotrope that has attracted considerable research interest because of its unique structure and physicochemical properties. Studies have been conducted on graphene-based nanomaterials including modified graphene, graphene/semiconductor hybrids, graphene/metal nanoparticle composites, and graphene-complex oxide composites. These nanomaterials inherit the unique properties of graphene, and the addition of functional groups or the nanoparticle composites on their surfaces improves their performance. Applications of these materials in pollutant removal and environmental remediation have been explored. From the viewpoint of environmental chemistry and materials, this paper reviews recent important advances in synthesis of graphene-related materials and their application in treatment of environmental pollution. The roles of graphene-based materials in pollutant removal and potential research are discussed.
Allosteric activation of ADAMTS13 by von Willebrand factor (2014)

The metalloprotease ADAMTS13 cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) within endovascular platelet aggregates, and ADAMTS13 deficiency causes fatal microvascular thrombosis. The proximal metalloprotease (M), disintegrin-like (D), thrombospondin-1 (T), Cys-rich (C), and spacer (S) domains of ADAMTS13 recognize a cryptic site in VWF that is exposed by tensile force. Another seven T and two complement C1r/C1s, sea urchin epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein (CUB) domains of uncertain function are C-terminal to the MDTCS domains. We find that the distal T8-CUB2 domains markedly inhibit substrate cleavage, and binding of VWF or monoclonal antibodies to distal ADAMTS13 domains relieves this autoinhibition. Small angle X-ray scattering data indicate that distal T-CUB domains interact with proximal MDTCS domains. Thus, ADAMTS13 is regulated by substrate-induced allosteric activation, which may optimize VWF cleavage under fluid shear stress in vivo. Distal domains of other ADAMTS proteases may have similar allosteric properties.
Bronsted Acid Assisted Chiral Lewis Acid (BLA) Catalyst for Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBronsted Acid Assisted Chiral Lewis Acid (BLA) Catalyst for Asymmetric Diels-Alder ReactionKazuaki Ishihara and Hisashi YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4, 1561–1562Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00083a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00083a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2446Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[3+3]Cycloalkyne Dimers Linked by an Azo Group:  A Stable <i>cis</i>-Azo Compound Forms Polymeric Aggregates by Nonplanar π−π Interactions (2003)

We previously reported that the structure of the linker moiety controlled intramolecular and bimolecular aggregation of [3+3]cycloalkyne oligomers, which are cyclic acetylene derivatives containing helicenes. Here, novel [3+3]cycloalkyne dimers linked by the azo group are synthesized, and aggregation behaviors are studied, which turned out to be considerably different. The trans- and cis-azo compounds were synthesized by the oxidative coupling of a [3+3]cycloalkyne amine derivative, and the stereochemistry was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. 1H NMR, CD, gel permeation chromatography analysis, and vapor pressure osmometry in chloroform revealed that the trans-isomer forms a strong and selective bimolecular aggregate. The cis-isomer forms a trimolecular aggregate at a concentration below 1 mM and a polymeric aggregate at above 1 mM. Unlike known diaryl azo compounds, these azo isomers do not interconvert when subjected to heating or irradiation. In contrast, a model compound lacking the cyclic helicene structure isomerizes readily.
Abdominal pigmentation and growth temperature in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>: Similarities and differences in the norms of reaction of successive segments (1990)

Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster females, pigmentation of the abdominal tergites exhibits a large phenotypic variability which depends on growth temperature. The phenotypic plasticity of this trait was investigated in a European population, using isofemale lines, by rearing the larvae and pupae at 6 different temperatures ranging from 14 to 31° C. For the last three abdominal segments (5, 6 and 7), the dark pigmented area decreases when growth temperature increases. However, the shapes of the response curves are significantly different, as shown by analysing slope variations, suggesting that genes interact differently in regulating the phenotypic expression of successive segments. Also, the correlation between the values of the same line at two temperatures exhibited a decrease proportional to the temperature interval considered. Genetic variability between lines was analyzed by calculating the coefficient of intraclass correlation, t . This parameter was not influenced by growth temperature and, according to the segment, ranged from 0.40 to 0.54. Such high values suggest a large proportion of non‐additive effects. A multivariate analysis helped to visualize the diversity of the reaction norms among lines. Overall pigmentation variations are presumed to have an adaptive significance, related to the thermal balance of adult flies; on the other hand, the differences between segments could reflect developmental constraints without a direct adaptive value.
System concept development with virtual prototyping (1997)

Virtual prototyping with 3D drawing programs provides a means of rapidly developing system concepts and analyzing them for form, fit, logistics, human factors integration, and general feasibility analysis.
Gesture recognition on a mobile device for remote event generation (2011)

This paper describes an application created on an Android mobile phone that recognizes gestures using the smartphone's orientation sensor. These gestures can be used to trigger events in another program running on a remote computer. We present a prototype application that generates different events for controlling a PowerPoint presentation, namely starting and stopping, as well as displaying the next and previous slide.
Production of somatic embryos in a helical ribbon impeller bioreactor (1994)

Embryogenic cultures of a transformed Eschscholtzia californica cell line were carried out in a 11-L helical ribbon impeller bioreactor operated under various conditions to evaluate the performance of this equipment for somatic embryo (SE) production. All bioreactor cultures produced SE suspensions with maximum concentrations at least comparable to those obtained from flask control cultures ( approximately 8-13 SE . mL(-;1)). However, an increase of the mixingspeed, from 60 to 100 rpm, and low sparging rate ( approximately 0.05 VVM, k(L) a approximately 6.1 h(-;1)) for dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) control yielded poorer quality embryogenic cultures. The negative effects on SE production were attributed mainly to the low but excessive shear experienced by the embryogenic cells and/or embryoforming aggregates. High DO ( approximately 60% of air saturation) conditions favored undifferentrated biomass production and high nutrient uptake rates at the expense of the slower SE differentiation process in both flask and bioreactor cultures. Too low DO (-5-10%) inhibited biomass and SE production. The best production of SE ( approximately 44 SE . mL(-1) or approximately 757 SE . g dw(-1) . d(-1)) was achieved by operating the bioreactor at 60 rpm while controlling DO at approximately 20%by surface oxygenation only (0.05 VVM, k(L) a approximately 1.4 h(-;1)). This production was found to be a biomass production/growth-associated process and was mainly limited by the availability of extracellular phosphate, magnesium, nitrogen salts, and carbohydrates. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digital interactive television services for converged IP and DVB networks (2005)

A major European Union IST project, SAVANT (synchronised and scalable AV content across networks: IST-2001-34814), has been launched bringing together key broadcasters, researchers, academics and industrialists across Europe, to drive the future convergence of broadcast and Internet. SAVANT is committed to develop integrated Internet/broadcast multimedia technologies in order to achieve added-value services to conventional digital and interactive television. The SAVANT project aims to provide an interactive digital framework for scalable broadcast television services converged with television oriented IP services. This work describes new services that can be developed using this framework.
India: A Short Cultural History. By H. G. Rawlinson. 10 × 6, pp. xv + 452. London: The Cresset Press, 1937. 30<i>s</i>. (1939)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Pointer warping in heterogeneous multi-monitor environments (2007)

Warping the pointer across monitor bezels has previously been demonstrated to be both significantly faster and preferred to the standard mouse behavior when interacting across displays in homogeneous multi-monitor configurations. Complementing this work, we present a user study that compares the performance of four pointer-warping strategies, including a previously untested frame-memory placement strategy, in heterogeneous multi-monitor environments, where displays vary in size, resolution, and orientation. Our results show that a new frame-memory pointer warping strategy significantly improved targeting performance (up to 30% in some cases). In addition, our study showed that, when transitioning across screens, the mismatch between the visual and the device space has a significantly bigger impact on performance than the mismatch in orientation and visual size alone. For mouse operation in a highly heterogeneous multi-monitor environment, all our participants strongly preferred using pointer warping over the regular mouse behavior.
193. The chemistry of ximenynic acid (1952)

S. P. Lightelm, H. M. Schwartz and M. M. von Holdt, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 1088 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520001088
Assessment of subchondral bone blood flow in the rabbit femoral condyle using the laser speckle method (1999)

The laser speckle method is a new form of flowmetry that can obtain a two-dimensional distribution of blood flow in tissue. This method is a noncontact, simple, and rapid technique that may aid in the diagnosis of osteonecrosis. We investigated whether the subchondral bone blood flow within the femoral condyles of rabbits could be measured by the laser speckle method. The hydrogen washout method was chosen as a comparison technique because of its ability to allow repetitive measurements of blood flow in various conditions in one rabbit and because of its reliability, which already has been established. We simultaneously measured the bone blood flow in 20 femoral condyles of 10 rabbits with the laser speckle and hydrogen washout methods and found a significant correlation between the blood flow levels with use of these two methods. For the clinical application of the laser speckle method, we also investigated the influence of cartilage thickness on the measurements and the depth in the bone to which blood flow could be measured with this method. A cartilage thickness of 0.2 mm did not influence the measurement of the bone blood flow, and the depth in the bone to which the laser speckle method could be used was approximately 2 mm.
Resource management policies for e-commerce servers (2000)

Quality of service of e-commerce sites has been usually managed by the allocation of resources such as processors, disks, and network bandwidth, and by tracking conventional performance metrics such as response time, throughput, and availability. However, the metrics that are of utmost importance to the management of a Web store are revenue and profits. Thus, resource management schemes for e-commerce servers should be geared towards optimizing business metrics as opposed to conventional performance metrics. This paper introduces a state transition graph called Customer Behavior Model Graph (CBMG) to describe a customer session. It then presents a family of priority-based resource management policies for e-commerce servers. Priorities change dynamically as a function of the state a customer is in and as a function of the amount of money the customer has accumulated in his/her shopping cart. A detailed simulation model was developed to assess the gain of adaptive policies with respect to policies that are oblivious to economic considerations. Simulation results show that the adaptive priority scheme suggested here can increase, during peak periods, business-oriented metrics such as revenue/sec by as much as 43% over the non priority case.
2-Alkenylphosphonates and <i>PO</i>-Ylids Derived Thereof in <i>trans</i> Selective Horner-Wittig Olefination Reactions (1996)

Allylic PO-ylides generated from dialkyl or diaryl 2-alkenylphosphonates by treatment with a strong base react with aldehydes to afford 1,3-dienes trans-selectively. The newly formed double bond typically exhibits Z/E ratios of 1:99. [on SciFinder (R)]
Simple Synthesis of 5-Substituted Resorcinols:  A Revisited Family of Interesting Bioactive Molecules (1997)

The reaction of 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl trimethylsilyl ether (3) with different aldehydes (n-PrCHO, n-C(11)H(23)CHO, MeCHO, PhCHO) in the presence of lithium powder and a catalytic amount of naphthalene (4 mol %) gave, after hydrolysis, the expected alcohols 4 in moderate yields. The dehydroxylation of these compounds through the corresponding mesylates 5 or directly from benzylic derivatives by catalytic hydrogenation, afforded compounds 6, which are finally demethylated to yield 5-alkyl-3,5-dihydroxyresorcinols, such as olivetol (7a), grevillol (7b), 1,3-dihydroxy-5-propylbenzene (7c), or dihydropinosilvine (7d). Dehydration of alcohol derivatives 4 followed by demethylation led to hydroxylated stilbene-type structures, such as pinosilvine (9d), resveratrol (9e), or piceatannol (9f), which in some cases can be hydrogenated to give saturated molecules such as combretastanin B-4 tetramethyl ether (6f) or chrysotobibenzyl (6g). Finally, when the naphthalene-catalyzed lithiation of compound 3 was performed in the presence of other electrophiles [Me(3)SiCl, t-BuCHO, CH(3)(CH(2))(4)CHO, 4-Me(3)SiOC(6)H(4)CHO, (CH(2))(5)CO, PhN=C=O, PhN=CHPh], the expected reaction products 12 were isolated, after hydrolysis.
Down‐Regulation of CD59 (Protectin) Expression on Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines by Levamisole (1995)

The vulnerability of tumour cells to complement‐mediated immune attack is regulated by membrane associated molecules. Recently, we have shown that the expression of the membrane attack complex inhibitor CD59 is enhanced on colonic adenocarcinoma cells compared to normal colonic epithelial cells. CD59 was shown, in the same study, to protect the tumour cells from complement‐mediated lysis. Levamisole (LMS), used in conjunction with 5‐fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy, reduces the incidence of colon cancer relapse following surgical resection. This led to our investigation of the effect of LMS on CD59 expression and function on the human colorectal cell lines HT29 and Caco‐2. When cultured in the presence of 10 μM LMS, the cells reduced their expression of CD59 in a time‐dependent manner. LMS treated HT29 ceils were more sensitive to lysis by complement than control cells, and the reduction in CD59 expression was shown to be partly responsible for this. A reduction in CD59 expression will augment complement‐mediated immune surveillance and may contribute to LMSs anti‐tumour activity in vivo .
Multi-target tracking using joint probabilistic data association (1980)

The Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) method, which is based on computing the posterior probability of each candidate measurement found in a validation gate, assumes that only one real target is present and all other measurements are Poisson-distributed clutter. In this paper, some new theoretical results are presented on the Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) algorithm, in which joint posterior probabilities are computed for multiple targets in Poisson clutter. The algorithm is applied to a passive sonar tracking problem wlth multiple sensors and targets, in which a target is not fully observable from a single sensor. Targets are modeled with four geographic states, two or more acoustic states, and realistic (i.e. low) probabilities of detection at each sample time. Simulation results are presented for two heavily interfering targets; these illustrate the dramatic improvements obtained by computing joint probabilities.
Distance metric learning using dropout (2014)

Distance metric learning (DML) aims to learn a distance metric better than Euclidean distance. It has been successfully applied to various tasks, e.g., classification, clustering and information retrieval. Many DML algorithms suffer from the over-fitting problem because of a large number of parameters to be determined in DML. In this paper, we exploit the dropout technique, which has been successfully applied in deep learning to alleviate the over-fitting problem, for DML. Different from the previous studies that only apply dropout to training data, we apply dropout to both the learned metrics and the training data. We illustrate that application of dropout to DML is essentially equivalent to matrix norm based regularization. Compared with the standard regularization scheme in DML, dropout is advantageous in simulating the structured regularizers which have shown consistently better performance than non structured regularizers. We verify, both empirically and theoretically, that dropout is effective in regulating the learned metric to avoid the over-fitting problem. Last, we examine the idea of wrapping the dropout technique in the state-of-art DML methods and observe that the dropout technique can significantly improve the performance of the original DML methods.
Fabrication of quantum dot structures using aerosol deposition and plasma etching techniques (1993)

We present a novel technology for the fabrication of quantum dot structures using the deposition of ultrafine aerosol Ag particles onto the surface of GaInAs/InP quantum well structures grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The particles, ranging in size between 30 and 40 nm, are subsequently used as an etching mask. The aerosol particles are produced by homogeneous nucleation and have a diameter in the range of 2–100 nm. After size selection, the monodisperse particles with a very narrow size distribution are deposited onto the semiconductor surface at a density of about 109 cm−2. Optimized CH4/H2/Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching at low energy (about 100 eV) results in the formation of free-standing columns 50–80 nm in diameter and 120–280 nm in height. Their size and stability were found to be dependent on the etching conditions (e.g., methane concentration and ion energy) and the diameter of the particles. Low-temperature cathodoluminescence was used to evaluate the optical quality of the quantum dot structures fabricated by this technique.
Alleviating Effects of AS1892802, a Rho Kinase Inhibitor, on Osteoarthritic Disorders in Rodents (2011)

The effects of AS1892802, a selective Rho-associated coiled coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on knee cartilage damage and pain behavior were examined in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). Monoiodoacetate (MIA) was intraarticularly injected into the right knee joints of rats. ROCK I and II mRNA levels increased in knee joints of MIA-injected rats. Our newly synthesized ROCK inhibitor, AS1892802, was injected into the ipsilateral knee or administered p.o. for 3 weeks. The compound dose-dependently and significantly inhibited of cartilage damage in the tibial plateau in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the weight distribution deficit associated with MIA injection. In addition, the compound also inhibited bradykinin induced pain responses in normal rats. In vitro, the compound could induce chondrocyte differentiation in a chondrogenic cell line and significantly inhibited IL-1β- or bradykinin-induced prostaglandin E(2) production in a synovial cell line. AS1892802 prevents cartilage damage induced by MIA and has analgesic effects in rat pain models, suggesting that AS1892802 may be clinically useful for the treatment of OA.[Supplementary Figure: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.10319FP].
Nanocrystallization and Phase Transformation in Monodispersed Ultrafine Zirconia Particles from Various Homogeneous Precipitation Methods (1999)

Monodispersed ultrafine (nano‐ to micrometer) zirconia precursor powders were synthesized by three different physicochemical methods: (I) forced hydrolysis, (II) homogeneous precipitation in inorganic salt solutions, and (III) hydrolysis/condensation of alkoxide. The forced hydrolysis method produced monoclinic nanocrystalline particles (cube shaped) of nanometer scale, which depended largely on the initial salt concentration. Methods II and III, both involving the use of alcohol as a solvent, exhibited a faster particle formation rate and generated amorphous ultrafine (submicrometer) monodispersed microspheres, indicating that the presence of alcohol may have stimulated particle nucleation due to its low dielectric property (and, thus, the low solubility of nucleus species in mixed water‐alcohol solutions). Nucleation and growth of the particles in solutions are discussed based on the measurements obtained by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). High‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HTXRD) and TGA/DTA studies elucidated the differences in phase transformation for different types of powders. The most interesting finding was the nonconventional monoclinic nanocrystal nucleation and growth that occurred prior to transformation to the tetragonal phase (at 1200°C) during the heat treatment of the nanocrystalline powders produced by the forced hydrolysis.