gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of <i>Annona squamosa</i> leaves are possibly mediated through quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (2007)

Present investigation was made to reveal the involvement of a quercetin in the antidiabetic and antiperoxidative effects of Annona squamosa leaf extract. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (characterized by UV, IR, MS and NMR analyses) was isolated from Annona squamosa leaves and examined for its potential to regulate alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats. While in alloxan treated animals, an increase in the concentration of serum glucose with a parallel decrease in insulin level was observed, administration of 15 mg/kg/day of isolated quercetin-3-O-glucoside for 10 consecutive days to the hyperglycemic animals reversed these effects and simultaneously inhibited the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. It further decreased the hepatic and renal LPO with a concomitant increase in the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in glutathione (GSH) content, indicating its safe and antiperoxidative effects. These findings suggest the potential of quercetin-3-O-glucoside in the amelioration of diabetes mellitus and tissue lipid peroxidation. It also appears that the antidiabetic effects of A. squamosa leaf extract is possibly mediated through the insulin stimulating and/or free radical scavenging properties of its active constituent, quercetin-3-O-glucoside.
Active Rigidization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites via Internal Resistive Heating (2006)

The use of inflatable, rigidizable structures in solar arrays and other space structures has the potential to drastically reduce the weight, volume, and cost of placing payloads into orbit. Inflatable components consist of ultra-lightweight, flexible materials that enable compact packaging prior to launch. These structures are then transformed from their initially flexible state to one that offers permanent shape-holding and structural integrity through a tailored rigidization process. Inflatable spacecraft must be impervious to the environmental conditions in space--such as ionizing radiation, UV and particle radiation, atomic oxygen, and impacts from space debris and meteoroids. They must also exhibit stable operation over a useful storage and mission life. Methods for causing rigidization in inflatable spacecraft include both passive and active techniques. Passive techniques rely on an uncontrolled, unprovoked reaction between the rigidizable materials in the structure and the surrounding space environment. The benefits of a passive system are offset by their inherent lack of control, which can lead to long curing times and weak spots due to uneven curing. This work presents internal resistive heating as an alternative approach for inducing matrix consolidation and curing of thermoset-coated carbon fiber tows. The ability to dictate this physical transformation through temperature-controlled resistive heating highlights the responsive nature of thermoset polymer composites and demonstrates the advantages of active rigidization. Feedback temperature control is implemented so as to provide a reliable, robust heating method for prescribing material-specific curing profiles. Resistive heating curing schedules developed from previous thermal analysis on two resins, U-Nyte Set 201A and 201B, are prescribed for samples of carbon fiber tow coated with each resin. The rigidization success of each curing profile is then evaluated with respect to both the increase in mechanical stiffness and the cure completion. These experiments indicate that rigidizing the coated fiber tow results in a composite material that is 20 times stronger in bending than prior to curing. The stiffening process requires roughly 1W-hr of energy with 5W peak power over the course of a 24-minute curing schedule. Curing temperature, curing time, and heating rate are also individually varied to determine their effect on rigidization as well as develop methods for reducing curing time and energy. The rigidization of an inflatable structure culminates this work and demonstrates the ability to achieve real strengthening through temperature-controlled internal resistive heating.
Chufa (<i>cyperus esculentus</i>): A new source of dietary fibre (1989)

Abstract Chufa ( Cyperus esculentus var sativus Boeck) could be a new source of dietary fibre. The total dietary fibre content of chufa is very high: 19.0% (w/w) average (calculated on dry matter). The neutral sugar composition of the dietary fibre consists mainly of glucose and xylose. The average content of phytic acid is 724 mg per 100 g.
Cryopreservation of Citrus aurantifolia seeds and embryonic axes using a desiccation protocol. (2003)

The desiccation and freezing tolerance of seeds, with and without testas, and embryonic axes of Citrus aurantifolia were investigated. Seeds were desiccated with silica gel, under the laminar air flow cabinet or by placing them on a laboratory bench. Whatever the desiccation method employed, survival before and after cryopreservation was higher for seeds without testas. When freezing intact seeds, the highest survival percentage (41.3 %) was achieved after desiccation to 7.3 % moisture content (fresh weight basis) on the laboratory bench. Survival of seeds cryopreserved without testas could reach up to 85 % after desiccation under the laminar air flow cabinet or on the laboratory bench, corresponding to moisture contents of 7.1 and 4.5 %, respectively. After desiccation with silica gel, survival reached a maximum of 60.0 %, for a seed moisture content of 3.3 %. Survival of control embryonic axes was high (80-100 %) whatever the sucrose concentration in the preculture medium and the duration of the desiccation period. After cryopreservation, no survival was noted with embryonic axes, which had not been precultured nor desiccated. Survival of non-desiccated embryonic axes after cryopreservation increased progressively in line with increasing sucrose concentrations in the preculture medium, from 7.5 % with 0.1 M sucrose to 77.5 % with 0.7 M sucrose. Survival of desiccated and cryopreserved embryos was always high, whatever the preculture treatment and desiccation period, ranging from 55.8 % to 92.5 %.
Seismic petrophysics and isotropic-anisotropic AVO methods for unconventional gas exploration (2010)

Exploration and drilling for natural gas in North America has moved radically away from conventional reservoirs to focus on unconventional reservoirs such as tight gas sands and shales. These reservoirs have low porosity and near-zero permeability with gas stored in natural fractures and within the matrix porosity. Economic gas production requires hydraulic fracture stimulation to open connections to existing natural fractures or matrix porosity, and successful stimulation depends on the formation's geomechanical brittleness being capable of supporting extensive induced fractures. However, despite adequate stimulation, significant variations exist between wells in expected ultimate recovery (EUR) due to the heterogeneity of these resource plays. Consequently, predicting natural fractures or fracture-prone “sweet spots” is essential to optimize development of such plays.
Anomalous Pore Expansion of Highly Monodispersed Mesoporous Silica Spheres and Its Application to the Synthesis of Porous Ferromagnetic Composite (2008)

In this paper, we report on the pore expansion of monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres (MMSS) by a swelling agent incorporation method, by which swelling agents such as various hydrocarbons were incorporated into mesopores. Mesopores were expanded to more than twice the size (5.5 nm) of the original one (2.5 nm). In this method, pore expansion of MMSS was achieved while radially ordered hexagonal mesopores with spherical morphology and high monodispersity were retained. In addition, we have successfully obtained highly monodispersed porous FePt—MMSS composites by incorporating FePt precursors into the pore-expanded MMSS. The composites had both ferromagnetic behavior with coercivity of 3.3 kOe at room temperature and mesoporosity with pore volume of 0.74 cm3g−1, which is enough to incorporate a variety of chemicals, nanoparticles, and proteins, such as drugs, quantum dots, enzymes, and DNA molecules. They have potential applications in drug delivery systems, gene delivery systems, magnetic hyperthermia treatments, and magnetic photonic crystals.
Treatment of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Infection Using a Novel Antiadhesion Compound (3′sialyllactose sodium salt). A Double blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study (2003)

Antiadhesive therapy was safe and well tolerated but did not suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in humans. The observed decrease in UBT values could be explained by a regression towards the mean effect.
Synthesis of some N-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines (6,7-benzomorphans). (1985)

In order to study the effects of N-substituents of benzomorphans on antagonist-agonist activity we synthesized several benzomorphan derivatives having N-alkenyl, alkynyl, pyranyl or oxetanylmethyl groups. Reduction of N-(hepta-2, 5-diyn-4-yl) benzomorphan (13) with Lindlar catalyst resulted in dealkylation to afford normetazocine (1), whereas reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride gave N-(hept-2-en-5-yn-4-yl) benzomorphan (17). N-Dihydro-(14) and tetrahydropyran derivatives (15) were obtained by the reaction of 1 with 4-methoxypyrylium salt followed by reduction with sodium borohydride.
Inhibition of Cytokine Signaling in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells through Downregulation of Sphingomyelinases by Docosahexaenoic Acid (2010)

This study provides a novel potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA in HRECs. DHA downregulates the basal and cytokine-induced ASMase and NSMase expression and activity level in HRECs, and inhibition of sphingomyelinases in endothelial cells prevents cytokine-induced inflammatory response.
Candidacidal effects of two antimicrobial peptides: histatin 5 causes small membrane defects, but LL-37 causes massive disruption of the cell membrane (2005)

The effects of antimicrobial peptides on artificial membranes have been well-documented; however, reports on the ultrastructural effects on the membranes of micro-organisms are relatively scarce. We compared the effects of histatin 5 and LL-37, two antimicrobial peptides present in human saliva, on the functional and morphological properties of the Candida albicans cell membrane. Fluorescence microscopy and immunogold transmission electron microscopy revealed that LL-37 remained associated with the cell wall and cell membrane, whereas histatin 5 transmigrated over the membrane and accumulated intracellularly. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed that LL-37 severely affected the membrane morphology, resulting in the disintegration of the membrane bilayer into discrete vesicles, and an instantaneous efflux of small molecules such as ATP as well as larger molecules such as proteins with molecular masses up to 40 kDa. The effects of histatin 5 on the membrane morphology were less pronounced, but still resulted in the efflux of nucleotides. As the morphological defects induced by histatin 5 are much smaller than those induced by LL-37, but the efflux of nucleotides is similar at comparable candidacidal concentrations, we suggest that the loss of nucleotides plays an important role in the killing process.
Influence of coal weathering on coke quality (2003)

AbstractAbstractIn previous weathering studies carried out at the Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR) on a typical complex coal blend composed of 13 different coals and used by the Spanish steel industry, it was concluded that, with regard to coke quality, no significant changes occurred over a storage period of 10 months, whereas after this date impairment was observed. However, the behaviours of selected individual coals, which were components of this coking blend, were rather different. Coke quality improved, was impaired or did not change in some cases, as a result of weathering over a period of ~6 months. In certain cases, slight weathering improved the quality not only of cokes from high volatile or high fluidity coals but also of those from medium and low volatile coals. Hence, the behaviour of an industrial coal blend in conditions of slight weathering can be influenced by the compensating effects of the behaviours of individual coals.
Using the IR variability of Seyferts (2004)

This paper describes some useful results that can be obtained through long-term infrared photometric monitoring of Seyfert galaxies.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
Beyond ray tomography; wavepaths and Fresnel volumes (1995)

Abstract Two techniques that account for the band-limited nature of seismic data are incorporated into tomographic traveltime inversion schemes. The first technique, the wavepath algorithm, is based upon the wave equation, the Born approximation, and an adjoint method for computing Frechet derivatives. Computation of a single wavepath requires the forward propagation of the seismic wavefield, as well as the reverse propagation of a residual wavefield. The second technique, the Fresnel volume approach, is based upon the paraxial ray approximation. The Fresnel volume algorithm requires little more computation than does conventional ray tracing and an order of magnitude less computer time than our calculation of wavepaths. When the Fresnel volume sensitivity functions are normalized by the area of the Fresnel ellipse perpendicular to the ray, the sensitivity estimates are very similar to the wavepaths. In particular, there is heightened sensitivity to velocity structure near the source and receiver locations. The normalization by the Fresnel ellipse area is necessary to ensure ray theoretical results in the limit of infinite frequency. Tomographic inversion based upon wavepaths or Fresnel volumes is more appropriate when considering the arrival time of the peak of the initial pulse rather than the first-arrival time. Furthermore, using the traveltime of the peak instead of the first-arrival time reduces the bias of tomograms to high velocity anomalies. The raypath, wavepath, and Fresnel volume techniques were applied to a set of cross-borehole traveltime observations gathered at the Grimsel Rock Laboratory. All methods imaged a low velocity fracture zone in the granitic site, in agreement with independent well information. Estimates of model parameter resolution are similar for the wavepath and Fresnel volume schemes. The source-receiver regions are the most well resolved areas. However, the model parameter resolution computed using a conventional ray-based formalism is more evenly distributed over the cross-borehole area.
A novel phase-switching protecting group for multi-step parallel solution phase synthesis (2004)

A new phase-tag 1 which facilitates the parallel solution phase synthesis of carboxylic acids, esters, and carboxamides is reported. The new phase tag assists compound purification by enabling the selective resin capture of reaction products in either a reversible pH dependent manner (solid-phase extraction), or irreversibly in a Diels-Alder reaction.
Disturbance Observer-Based Nonlinear Friction Compensation in Servo Drive System. (1997)

Solid friction in various machines is one of dominant nonlinearities limiting the control performance of servo drive systems. Nonlinear friction gives tracking errors and undesired stick-slip motion due to stiction (breakaway friction) and/or Stribeck effect. A wide variety of studies have been reported, which formulated nonlinear friction models, identified its parameters, and compensated for the friction. Those compensation schemes can significantly improve the conventional control performance, however, deterioration of the control accuracy is still the problems due to the inaccurate friction model and/or the restricted bandwidth of the compensation control loop.This paper presents the disturbance observer-based compensation for nonlinear friction in servo drive systems to improve the control performance. The proposed scheme uses a new disturbance observer which is designed on the basis of Coulomb friction characteristics. This scheme can realize the precise speed/position control without response delay which is caused by the restricted bandwidth in the conventional compensation scheme. Experimental results and analytical studies show the distinct performance improvement of the proposed scheme, comparing to the conventional compensation schemes.
Reciprocal modulations between p53 and Tat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1995)

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after a long clinical latency. This disease is associated with a spectrum of cancers. Here we report that wild-type p53 is a potent suppressor of Tat, a major transactivator of HIV-1. Reciprocally, Tat inhibits the transcription of p53. Downregulation of p53 by upregulated tat may be important for the establishment of productive viral infection in a cell and also may be involved in the development of AIDS-related malignancies.
High resolution polarimetric radar scattering measurements of low grazing angle sea clutter (1995)

This paper presents fully polarimetric radar scattering measurements of low grazing angle sea clutter. The measurements were obtained at a three degree grazing angle using a high range resolution (1.5 m) X-Band polarimetric radar operated from a shore site overlooking the Chesapeake Bay. The radar employs pulse-to-pulse switching between orthogonal transmitted polarizations and simultaneously measures two orthogonally polarized components of the backscattered wave to obtain full polarimetric information about the scattering process. The complete Stokes matrix, computed by averaging successive realizations of the polarization scattering matrix, is used to obtain polarization signatures and to determine the polarization dependence of the clutter. Sea spike echoes are shown to be weakly polarized and to exhibit polarization signatures indicative of multiple independent scattering mechanisms. Clutter echoes in the absence of sea spikes are shown to be highly polarized and to exhibit polarization signatures indicative of a single dominant scattering mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A comparative study of divisive hierarchical clustering algorithms (2015)

A general scheme for divisive hierarchical clustering algorithms is proposed. It is made of three main steps : first a splitting procedure for the subdivision of clusters into two subclusters, second a local evaluation of the bipartitions resulting from the tentative splits and, third, a formula for determining the nodes levels of the resulting dendrogram. A number of such algorithms is given. These algorithms are compared using the Goodman-Kruskal correlation coefficient. As a global criterion it is an internal goodness-of-fit measure based on the set order induced by the hierarchy compared to the order associated to the given dissimilarities. Applied to a hundred of random data tables, these comparisons are in favor of two methods based on unusual ratio-type formulas for the splitting procedures, namely the Silhouette criterion and Dunn's criterion. These two criteria take into account both the within cluster and the between cluster mean dissimilarity. In general the results of these two algorithms are better than the classical Agglomerative Average Link method.
The alpha-1 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase (ATP1A1) is required for macropinocytic entry of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human respiratory epithelial cells (2019)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of acute pediatric lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, with no available vaccine or effective antiviral drug. To gain insight into virus-host interactions, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen. The expression of over 20,000 cellular genes was individually knocked down in human airway epithelial A549 cells, followed by infection with RSV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Knockdown of expression of the cellular ATP1A1 protein, which is the major subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase of the plasma membrane, had one of the strongest inhibitory effects on GFP expression and viral titer. Inhibition was not observed for vesicular stomatitis virus, indicating that it was RSV-specific rather than a general effect. ATP1A1 formed clusters in the plasma membrane very early following RSV infection, which was independent of replication but dependent on the attachment glycoprotein G. RSV also triggered activation of ATP1A1, resulting in signaling by c-Src-kinase activity that transactivated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by Tyr845 phosphorylation. ATP1A1 signaling and activation of both c-Src and EGFR were found to be required for efficient RSV uptake. Signaling events downstream of EGFR culminated in the formation of macropinosomes. There was extensive uptake of RSV virions into macropinosomes at the beginning of infection, suggesting that this is a major route of RSV uptake, with fusion presumably occurring in the macropinosomes rather than at the plasma membrane. Important findings were validated in primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEC). In A549 cells and HSAEC, RSV uptake could be inhibited by the cardiotonic steroid ouabain and the digitoxigenin derivative PST2238 (rostafuroxin) that bind specifically to the ATP1A1 extracellular domain and block RSV-triggered EGFR Tyr845 phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified ATP1A1 as a host protein essential for macropinocytic entry of RSV into respiratory epithelial cells, and identified PST2238 as a potential anti-RSV drug.
Recent advances in clinical psychiatry (1971)

One of a series concerned with recent research in psychiatry, this presents a collection of well-referenced critical reviews of recent developments, current thoughts and important issues. It is intended to be useful both for practising psychiatrists and MRCPsych candidates.
Footprint (2009)

Recently commercial mobile phones have been shipped with integrated Wi-Fi NIC (Network Interface Card), while a fundamental barrier for easily using such Wi-Fi is its high energy cost for phone. We profile two integrated mobile phone Wi-Fi NICs and observe that the energy cost on PSM (Power Saving Mode) is greatly reduced, yet the scan state still costs most of the energy when it's not connected on discovering potential AP (Access Point). In this paper, we propose footprint, leveraging the cellular information such as the overheard cellular tower IDs and signal strength, to guild the Wi-Fi scan and thus greatly reduce the number of unnecessary scans through the changes and history logs of the mobile user's locations. Our experiments and implementation demonstrate that our scheme effectively saves energy for mobile phone integrated with Wi-Fi.
In-house measurement of the sulfur anomalous signal and its use for phasing (2003)

Five test structures (orthorhombic and trigonal trypsin, cubic and rhombohedral insulin and thaumatin) have been solved by the SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) method using highly redundant data collected at 100 K with a CCD detector, rotating-anode generator and three-circle goniometer. The very weak anomalous scattering (primarily from sulfur) was sufficient to locate all the anomalous scatterers using the integrated direct and Patterson methods in SHELXD. These positions and occupancies were used without further refinement to estimate phases that were extended to native (in-house) resolution by the sphere of influence algorithm in SHELXE. The final map correlation coefficients relative to the anisotropically refined structures were in the range 0.81-0.97. The use of highly redundant medium-resolution laboratory data for sulfur-SAD phasing combined with high-resolution synchrotron native data for phase expansion and structure refinement clearly has considerable potential.