gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How we resolve conflict: an empirical study of method-level conflict resolution (2015)

Context: Branching and merging are common activities in large-scale software development projects. Isolated development with branching enables developers to focus their effort on their specific tasks without wasting time on the problems caused by other developers' changes. After the completion of tasks in branches, such branches should be integrated into common branches by merging. When conflicts occur in merging, developers need to resolve the conflicts, which are troublesome. Goal: To support conflict resolution in merging, we aim to understand how conflicts are resolved in practice from large-scale study. Method: We present techniques for identifying conflicts and detecting conflict resolution in method level. Result: From the analysis of 10 OSS projects written in Java, we found that (1) 44% (339/779) of conflicts are caused by changing concurrently the same positions of methods, 48% (375/779) are by deleting methods, 8% (65/779) are by renaming methods, and that (2) 99% (771/779) of conflicts are resolved by adopting one method directly. Conclusions: Our results suggest that most of conflicts are resolved by simple way. One of our future works is developing methods for supporting conflict resolution.
<i>In situ</i> vinylindole synthesis. Diels‐alder reactions with maleimides to give tetrahydrocarbazoles (1993)

Abstract Tetrahydrocarbazoles have been prepared in one‐flask syntheses from indoles, ketones or aldehydes, and maleimides, with acid catalysis. The reactions involve a condensation of the indole with the ketone or aldehyde, followed by an in situ trapping of the vinylindole in a Diels‐Alder addition with a maleimide. Isomerization of the double bond into the indole nucleus gave the tetrahydrocarbazoles which were isolated ( 6, 9 , and 10 ). Variation of the indole, carbonyl compound, and maleimide has been explored. The predominant stereochemistry of the tetrahydro ring in the products is all‐ cis , although a second stereoisomer has been isolated. Two regioisomers were generated from all unsymmetrical 2‐alkanones, except 2‐butanone, which gave the single isomer 9a . Aromatization of tetrahydrocarbazoles 6 to carbazoles 7 was accomplished with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone.
Development of an on-board compressed gas storage system for hydrogen powered vehicle applications (2009)

The hydrogen economy envisioned in the future requires safe and efficient means of storing hydrogen fuel for either use on-board vehicles, delivery on mobile transportation systems or high-volume storage in stationary systems. Leading edge technologies are currently under development for storing hydrogen safely and efficiently on-board vehicles in the form of either compressed gas (CGH2), cryogenic liquid (LH2), or solid matter (SSH2). The main emphasis of this work is placed on the high pressure storing of gaseous hydrogen on-board vehicles.;As a result of its very low density, hydrogen gas has to be stored under very high pressure, ranging from 35 to 70 MPa for current systems, in order to achieve practical levels of energy density in terms of the amount of energy that can be stored in a tank of a given volume. The optimal design configuration of such high pressure storage tanks includes an inner liner used as a gas permeation barrier, geometrically optimized domes, inlet/outlet valves with minimum stress concentrations, and directionally tailored exterior reinforcement for high strength and stiffness. Filament winding of pressure vessels made of fiber composite materials is the most efficient manufacturing method for such high pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The complexity of the filament winding process in the dome region is characterized by continually changing the fiber orientation angle and the local thickness of the wall.;The research conducted for this dissertation reveals that the continuously changing angle orientation and local laminate thickness in the dome regions can be modeled by a unique approach that utilizes suitable transformations of the macromechanical composite properties and the local coordinate system. Accurate representation of the exterior reinforcement allows for detailed analysis of the dome structure as well as the nozzle/valve connection. A metallic insert is utilized to connect the dome structure to the valve system. A comparative study between different insert geometries and locations in the dome has been performed. It shows that an insert extending through the dome geometry increases the resulting stress at the cylinder-dome juncture. The most effective design approach entails an insert to the boss region.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Ezetimibe via Cross-Metathesis of Homoallylalcohols and α-Methylidene-β-Lactams (2016)

Ru-catalyzed cross-metathesis (CM) reaction between β-arylated α-methylidene-β-lactams and terminal olefins was developed. The CM reaction is effectively catalyzed with Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst affording corresponding α-alkylidene-β-aryl-β-lactams in good isolated yields (41-83%) with exclusive Z-selectivity. The developed protocol was successfully applied for stereoselective preparation of Ezetimibe, the commercial cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
On the Implementation of NFV over an OpenFlow Infrastructure: Routing Function Virtualization (2013)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has emerged as an operator proposal for offering network services with network functions implemented in software, which may be located in Data Centers, network nodes or even in a virtual machine. NFV is theoretically applicable to any network function and aims at simplifying the management of heterogeneous hardware platforms. Using as a basis one of the network functions offered by network routers, this article presents the analysis, design, and the first implementation, in a virtualized manner, of the routing function. Considering the current co-existence of IPv4 and IPv6 and the possibilities brought into the arena by OpenFlow-enabled infrastructures, the article describes the design of the virtualized routing protocol, enabling a simple management and avoiding signaling messages overhead in the control plane level, and the different scenarios considered to validate the virtualized function. In essence, the manuscript describes one of the first implementations of the functional NFV concept, through the virtualization of the routing function over an OpenFlow network. The different scenarios validated in the article are used to demonstrate the applicability of the NFV-powered implementation proposed into actual production environments.
Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies (1993)

Original research reported by the author was supported in part by grants NS-02808, NS-15654, and GM-24839 from the National Institutes of Health, and contract DE-AC03-76-SF00012 from the Department of Energy. The 1992 International Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies was supported by NIH conference grant NS-29615 and conference grants from the American Epilepsy Society and the Epilepsy Foundation of America, with additional contributions from Abbott Laboratories, Adtech Medical Instrument Corporation, Biomagnetic Technologies, Inc., Biomedical Monitoring Systems, Inc., Burroughs Wellcome, CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceutical Corporation, The Coelho Foundation, Dainippon Pharmaceutical, Ltd., DigiTrace Care Services, Inc., Elekta Instruments, Inc., Grass Instrument Company, The Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc., Marion Merrell Dow, Inc., NeuroConcepts, Inc., Nihon Kohden America, Inc., Parke-Davis (Division of Warner-Lambert Company), PMT Corporation, Preferred Instruments, Inc., Rhodes Medical Instruments, Stellate Systems, Telefactor Corporation, Wallace Laboratories (Division of Carter Wallace, Inc.), and Wyeth-Ayerst Research.
Quantifying software designs (1984)

This paper describes an effort to use metrics to evaluate software designs early in the design process. Key facets of the work include a machine processable design notation and the definition of software design metrics. We believe that the future success of building an intelligent software design assistant depends on the ability to quantify attributes of a software design, as well as to have the representation of the design available for automated examination.
Malaria pigment crystals as magnetic micro-rotors: key for high-sensitivity diagnosis (2013)

The need to develop new methods for the high-sensitivity diagnosis of malaria has initiated a global activity in medical and interdisciplinary sciences. Most of the diverse variety of emerging techniques are based on research-grade instruments, sophisticated reagent-based assays or rely on expertise. Here, we suggest an alternative optical methodology with an easy-to-use and cost-effective instrumentation based on unique properties of malaria pigment reported previously and determined quantitatively in the present study. Malaria pigment, also called hemozoin, is an insoluble microcrystalline form of heme. These crystallites show remarkable magnetic and optical anisotropy distinctly from any other components of blood. As a consequence, they can simultaneously act as magnetically driven micro-rotors and spinning polarizers in suspensions. These properties can gain importance not only in malaria diagnosis and therapies, where hemozoin is considered as drug target or immune modulator, but also in the magnetic manipulation of cells and tissues on the microscopic scale.
An Online/Offline Signature Scheme Based on the Strong RSA Assumption (2007)

We propose an efficient digital signature scheme, which is proved secure under the strong RSA assumption, and can operate in an online/offline manner, doing most of its work in the offline precomputation phase. The online phase, which is performed after the message to be signed is known, is very efficient, requiring only a single modular multiplication. Online/offline signatures are useful in settings in which signatures need to be produced quickly either when there is a large volume of requests or if the device performing the signature is not computationally powerful (such as a mobile device). Our scheme can be seen as an online/offline extension of the traditional signature scheme of Gennaro, Halevi, and Rabin (the GHR signature scheme) which did not operate in this two-phase manner, and required significant computation after the message was known. In contrast to another online/offline extension of the GHR scheme, our new scheme avoids the use of trapdoor hash/commitment primitives, allowing the use of a traditional hash function, improving the efficiency of the offline phase of the algorithm.
Pad redistribution technology for flip chip applications (2002)

Flip chip applications typically involve solder joint interconnections between the device chip and different substrates. In most cases, the I/O's on the device chip require to be relocated to a new format such as area array in order to match the corresponding pad locations on the substrate. In this paper, we describe one implementation of the pad redistribution technology, using aluminium interconnect lines, a photosensitive polyimide insulating layer and a wettable layer of underbump metallization (UBM) for the subsequent solder bumping applications. A test vehicle employing the flip chip on board (FCOB) assembly was fabricated and subjected to the thermal cycling reliability test. A useful simulation model was applied to understand the solder joint reliability in FCOB.
Frustrated hierarchical synchronization and emergent complexity in the human connectome network (2014)

The spontaneous emergence of coherent behavior through synchronization plays a key role in neural function, and its anomalies often lie at the basis of pathologies. Here we employ a parsimonious (mesoscopic) approach to study analytically and computationally the synchronization (Kuramoto) dynamics on the actual human-brain connectome network. We elucidate the existence of a so-far-uncovered intermediate phase, placed between the standard synchronous and asynchronous phases, i.e. between order and disorder. This novel phase stems from the hierarchical modular organization of the connectome. Where one would expect a hierarchical synchronization process, we show that the interplay between structural bottlenecks and quenched intrinsic frequency heterogeneities at many different scales, gives rise to frustrated synchronization, metastability, and chimera-like states, resulting in a very rich and complex phenomenology. We uncover the origin of the dynamic freezing behind these features by using spectral graph theory and discuss how the emerging complex synchronization patterns relate to the need for the brain to access -in a robust though flexible way- a large variety of functional attractors and dynamical repertoires without ad hoc fine-tuning to a critical point.
Low-order TE0<i>q</i> operation of a CO2 laser for transmission through circular metallic waveguides (1981)

We report the separate TE01 and TE02 operation of a CO2 laser in a hybrid oscillator formed by placing a circular metallic waveguide and a focusing lens inside the cavity of an otherwise conventional laser. With the TE01 output focused into a passive waveguide outside the cavity, transmission in excess of 90% has been measured through a 31-cm-long, 0.5-mm-i.d. straight metallic tube. Bending increased the losses far more than originally anticipated.
Compression of optical pulses (1968)

A scheme, similar to one used in the chirp radar, is proposed to compress in time, without loss of energy, the light pulse generated by a mode-locked laser. On the basis of preliminary experimental results obtained with a mode-locked He-Ne laser and a LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> phase modulator, it is predicted that compression of 50-ps pulses derived from a Nd:YAG laser to 0.4 ps or less is feasible.
Discrimination of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Using an Electronic Nose (2004)

An electronic nose (EN) is an array of chemical sensors, where each sensor has only fractional specificity to a wide range of odor molecules, connected with a suitable pattern recognition system. A rapid, sensitive, specific, nondestructive, and easy-to-use technique such as the EN could be used to detect and identify plant pathogenic bacteria in diagnostic clinics and quarantine labs. In this study, an EN discriminated between plant pathogenic bacteria belonging to up to seven species from seven different genera. Accepted for publication 31 March 2004. Published 5 April 2004.
Effect of Rumensin and Feed Intake Variation on Ruminal pH (1997)

Six ruminally-fistulated steers were used to evaluate the effect of Rumensin and feed intake variation on ruminal pH. Steers were adapted to a 92.5 percent concentrate diet and then subjected to three levels of intake variation: ad libitum, intake variation of 2 lb/day, and intake variation of 4 lb/day. Feed intakes and ruminal pH were monitored continuously throughout the entire trial. Results indicate that Rumensin reduced acidosis by elevating average ruminal pH and decreasing are of ruminal pH below 5.6. In addition, Rumensin stabilized rate of intake and daily ruminal pH fluctuation at the high level of intake variation.
Utility of surveillance imaging after minor blunt head trauma (2014)

Adverse events after nonoperative mild traumatic injury are rare. The routine use of postinjury surveillance imaging remains controversial, but these data suggest that such imaging does not effectively identify those who require operative intervention.
A Cascaded Boost–Buck Converter for High-Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2014)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has attracted an ever increasing interest from both industry and academics over the past few years. Its applications vary from small power devices such as mobile phones and tablets to high power electric vehicles and from small transfer distance of centimeters to large distance of tens of centimeters. In order to achieve a high-efficiency WPT system, each circuit should function at a high efficiency along with the proper impedance matching techniques to minimize the power reflection due to the impedance mismatch. This paper proposes an analysis on the system efficiency to determine the optimal impedance requirement for coils, rectifier, and dc–dc converter. A novel cascaded boost–buck dc–dc converter is designed to provide the optimal impedance matching in WPT system for various loads including resistive load, ultracapacitors, and batteries. The proposed 13.56-MHz WPT system can achieve a total system efficiency over 70% in experiment.
Computer recognition of human face?A survey (1999)

The article presents the latest trends in computer-based human face recognition. First, methods of facial pattern representation intended to identify persons using frontal face images are introduced as well as recent studies in extending those methods by giving flexibility in terms of face orientation and view. The FERET face recognition project, which is one of the driving forces to promote robustness in face recognition technology, is considered. In addition, computer face recognition is treated as an element of media processing for content search and editing of visual databases, and studies in computer face recognition that model human cognition in the face recognition process are surveyed. Finally, the state of the art in extracting facial patterns from visual scenes is analyzed. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(10): 76–89, 1999
Reduction of Base-Collector Capacitance in Submicron InP/GaInAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors with Buried Tungsten Wires (2001)

A buried metal heterojunction bipolar transistor with a 0.5-µm-wide emitter was fabricated by electron-beam lithography, in which three tungsten wires of 100 nm width, 100 nm height and 200 nm period were buried in the InP collector layer. For the device with an emitter area of 0.5×2.5 µm 2 , total base-collector capacitance was reduced to about 30% of that calculated from the physical dimensions of a conventional heterojunction bipolar transistor, and a current gain cutoff frequency of 86 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency higher than 135 GHz were obtained.
Digital Rights Management for Video Sensor Network (2006)

Video sensor network is evolving from an isolated system to an integral component of the global information infrastructure. In this paper, we argue that when video sensor network becomes a public information source on the Internet, DRM (digital rights management) must be enforced, due to the sensitivity and the privacy natures of sensor content. Moreover, existing DRM solutions do not suffice because the explicit one-to-one mapping between content producer and consumer does not apply in the sensor network domain. We propose a DRM-enabled content service architecture for video sensor network. Within this architecture, we propose a binary-tree-based hierarchical key generation scheme for data encryption, and adopt a label-guided watermarking strategy to address the unique challenges of video sensor content. We present the evaluation results of our solution based on a preliminary video sensor testbed system
The Effect of Isometric Exercise on the Left Ventricular Volume in Normal Man (1974)

The effect of isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) on left ventricular (LV) size and performance was studied noninvasively on 15 normal subjects at rest and at the end of 3 min of IHG at 50% of maximum contraction. Left ventricular internal diameter was measured at end-diastole and end-systole on LV echograms, the indirect carotid pulse was recorded, and blood pressure measured by sphygmomanometry. Using the cube formula, LV end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volume indices were computed, and stroke (SI) and cardiac (CI) indices were derived. Mean blood pressure (BPm) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated from these data by a technique previously described. In comparison to values at rest, IHG resulted in a significant ( P < 0.01) rise in CI (3.5 ± 0.2 to 4.4 ± 0.3 L/min/m 2 ), BPm (87 ± 2 to 120 ± 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (79 ± 3 to 97 ± 4 beats/min). The product (SI x BPm), used as an index of LV stroke work, increased substantially (52 ± 3 to 74 ± 4 gm-m/m 2 ). No significant change was noted in EDVI (60 ± 4 to 62 ± 3 ml/m 2 ), SI (44 ± 2 to 46 ± 2 ml/m 2 ), and SVR (1209 ± 69 to 1275 ± 63 dynes/sec/cm –5 ). Thus normal hearts responded to IHG by increasing CI through tachycardia and pumping the same SI against increased afterload, without utilizing diastolic volume reserves. These data support the hypothesis that isometric muscular exercise leads to an augmentation of LV myocardial contractility in normal man.
New Sources of Fungal Dextranase (1975)

SUMMARYPreviously unreported dextranase activity was discovered in several species of Fusarium and in Penicillium roquefortii. One of the new sources of dextranase, Fusarium moniliforme, was selected for further study. The initial cultural pH affected both colony growth and dextranase production. A 14-da incubation period and an initial pH of 8 were optimal for dextranase production. The F. moniliforme dextranase was judged to be an inducible enzyme system.
Graph equivalence and characterization via a continuous evolution of a physical analog (2002)

A general novel approach mapping discrete, combinatorial, graph-theoretic problems onto ``physical'' models - namely $n$ simplexes in $n-1$ dimensions - is applied to the graph equivalence problem. It is shown to solve this long standing problem in polynomial, short, time.
Calcium-chelating alizarin and other anthraquinones inhibit biofilm formation and the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus (2016)

Staphylococcal biofilms are problematic and play a critical role in the persistence of chronic infections because of their abilities to tolerate antimicrobial agents. Thus, the inhibitions of biofilm formation and/or toxin production are viewed as alternative means of controlling Staphylococcus aureus infections. Here, the antibiofilm activities of 560 purified phytochemicals were examined. Alizarin at 10 μg/ml was found to efficiently inhibit biofilm formation by three S. aureus strains and a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain. In addition, two other anthraquinones purpurin and quinalizarin were found to have antibiofilm activity. Binding of Ca(2+) by alizarin decreased S. aureus biofilm formation and a calcium-specific chelating agent suppressed the effect of calcium. These three anthraquinones also markedly inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, and in-line with their antibiofilm activities, increased cell aggregation. A chemical structure-activity relationship study revealed that two hydroxyl units at the C-1 and C-2 positions of anthraquinone play important roles in antibiofilm and anti-hemolytic activities. Transcriptional analyses showed that alizarin repressed the α-hemolysin hla gene, biofilm-related genes (psmα, rbf, and spa), and modulated the expressions of cid/lrg genes (the holin/antiholin system). These findings suggest anthraquinones, especially alizarin, are potentially useful for controlling biofilm formation and the virulence of S. aureus.