gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the stability of Ag-Cu nanorods and nanowires (2008)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate thermally-induced phase separation processes in nanometer-sized ${\text{Ag}}_{50}{\text{Cu}}_{50}$ rods and wires. In the absence of concentration gradients, the mechanism underlying the system decomposition consists of two stages. Roughly below 260 K, the thermal response is governed by the displacement of individual surface atoms. Above such temperature, phase separation proceeds via cooperative rearrangements involving also bulklike atomic species. The result is the formation of systems with an Ag-rich phase segregated at the surface. Significantly different thermal responses are obtained in the presence of concentration gradients perpendicular or parallel to the wire axis. First, the phase separation process is favored and takes place at lower temperatures. Second, an almost complete decomposition of the system in Ag- and Cu-rich domains is obtained and not the surface segregation of the Ag-rich phase. The decomposition is also accompanied by a considerable distortion of the originally regular nanowire shape.
Synthesis of thiolated and acrylated nanoparticles using thiol-ene click chemistry: towards novel mucoadhesive materials for drug delivery (2013)

Thiol- and acrylate-functionalized nanoparticles have been synthesized from pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercapto-propionate) and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate using thiol-ene click chemistry. Using Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as Ellman's assay, it was demonstrated that excess pentaerythritol tetraacrylate in the feed mixture led to nanoparticles with free acrylate groups on their surface, whereas nanoparticles with thiolated surfaces could be synthesized using feed mixtures with excess pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercapto-propionate). The possibility of fluorescent labelling of thiolated nanoparticles has been demonstrated through their reaction with fluorescein-5-maleimide. The thiolated nanoparticles were found to be mucoadhesive and exhibited retention on mucosal surface of porcine urinary bladder.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: An Overview (1999)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin thought to arise from cells committed to a skeletal muscle lineage. With approximately 250 cases diagnosed yearly in the United States, it is the third most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood after Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma. Important epidemiologic, biologic, and therapeutic differences have been elucidated within the RMS family. Common sites of primary disease include the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, and extremities. A site-based tumor-nodes-metastasis staging system is being incorporated into use for assessing prognosis and assigning therapy in conjunction with the traditional surgicopathologic clinical grouping system. The development of intensive multimodality treatment protocols tested in large-scale international trials has resulted in significant improvements in outcome, especially for patients with local or locally extensive disease for whom a 60%-70% disease-free survival can be expected. Despite aggressive approaches incorporating surgery, dose-intensive combination chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the outcome for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. Future challenges include the development of less toxic therapy for patients with localized disease and new approaches for patients with metastatic disease.
Detection performance of the circular correlation coefficient receiver (1986)

The complex circular correlation detector is analyzed for the case of one complex sinusoid in complex white Gaussian noise. The distribution function of the squared modulus of the circular serial correlation coefficient is found when no signal is present, allowing computation of the detection threshold. For small data records, as is typical in radar applications, the performance of the correlation coefficient detector is compared to a standard DFT detector. The correlation detector outperforms the DFT detector for some sinusoidal frequencies but performs more poorly for others. The correlation detector is also shown to be a constant false alarm rate receiver and requires less computation and storage than an FFT.
A note on the effect of the fiber curvature on the micromechanical behavior of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (2015)

To better understand the role of the fiber curvature on the tensile properties of short-natural-fiber reinforced composites, a photoelastic model and a finite element analysis were performed in a well characterized henequen fiber-high density polyethylene composite material. It was hypothesized that the angle of orientation of the inclusion and the principal material orientation with respect to the applied load was very important in the reinforcement mechanics. From the photoelastic and finite element analysis it was found that the stress distribution around the fiber inclusion was different on the concave side from that observed on the convex side and an efficient length of stress transfer was estimated to be approximately equal to one third the average fiber length. This approach was used to predict the short-natural-fiber reinforced composite mechanical properties using probabilistic functions modifications of the rule of mixtures models developed by Fukuda-Chow and the Fukuda-Kawata. Recognizing the inherent flexibility that curves the natural fibers during processing, the consideration of a length of one third of the average length l ! should improve the accuracy of the calculations of the mechanical properties using theoretical models.
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Variable Loops Are Indispensable for Envelope Structural Integrity and Virus Entry (2013)

HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein is a trimer of heterodimer of gp120 and gp41, and derives from a trimeric glycoprotein precursor, gp160. Gp120 contains five conserved regions that are interspersed with 5 variable loop regions (V1-V5). Env variations in variable loop length and amino acid composition may associate with virus pathogenesis, virus sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and disease progression. To investigate the role of each variable loop in Env function, we generated a panel of JRFL gp160 loop deletion mutants and examined the effects of each loop deletion on Env expression, Env cell surface display and Env-mediated virus entry into permissive cells. We found that deletion of V1 and V2 (ΔV1V2), or loop D (ΔlpD) abolished virus entry, the same effect as deletion of V3 (ΔV3), while deletion of V3 crown (ΔV3C) significantly enhanced virus assembly and entry. We further found that deletion of V4 (ΔV4) or V5 (ΔV5), or replacement of V4 or V5 with flexible linkers of the same lengths knocked out the receptor and coreceptor binding sites in gp120, but significantly enhanced the exposure of the N-trimer structure and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) in gp41. Although deletion of V4 or V5 did not affect Env expression, they negatively affected Env cell surface display, leading to the failure in virus assembly and subsequent entry. Taken together, we found that Env variable loops were indispensable for Env structural integrity and virus entry. Our findings may have implications for development of HIV-1 vaccine immunogens and therapeutics.
Demand Forecasting: Evidence-based Methods A chapter for the forthcoming book Strategic Marketing M.anagement: A Business Process Approach, edited by Luiz Moutinho and Geoff Southern. (2005)

We looked at evidence from comparative empirical studies to identify methods that can be useful for predicting demand in various situations and to warn against methods that should not be used. In general, use structured methods and avoid intuition, unstructured meetings, focus groups, and data mining. In situations where there are sufficient data, use quantitative methods including extrapolation, quantitative analogies, rule-based forecasting, and causal methods. Otherwise, use methods that structure judgement including surveys of intentions and expectations, judgmental bootstrapping, structured analogies, and simulated interaction. Managers’ domain knowledge should be incorporated into statistical forecasts. Methods for combining forecasts, including Delphi and prediction markets, improve accuracy. We provide guidelines for the effective use of forecasts, including such procedures as scenarios. Few organizations use many of the methods described in this paper. Thus, there are opportunities to improve efficiency by adopting these forecasting practices.
Multiwavelength distributed-feedback dye laser array and its application to spectroscopy (2002)

A multiwavelength, multistripe tunable laser array is proposed, and its application to absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated. Laser waveguides doped with Rhodamine 6 G dye were integrated on a plastic chip, and simultaneous output at different wavelengths was obtained by use of a distributed-feedback technique. A very low threshold of 3 muJ was attained, and spectrally narrowed output (<0.1 nm) was obtained. A scheme for digital spectroscopy is also proposed based on this laser array, and absorption spectroscopy of sodium atoms without wavelength scanning is demonstrated by use of a sodium-vapor cell.
Photo‐crosslinkable and biodegradable Pluronic/heparin hydrogels for local and sustained delivery of angiogenic growth factor (2007)

Photo-crosslinkable and biodegradable Pluronic/heparin composite hydrogels were fabricated for local and sustained delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to induce angiogenesis. Terminally di-acrylated Pluronic F127 and vinyl group conjugated heparin were used as a mixed macromer precursor solution to prepare a photo-crosslinkable hydrogel. An aqueous solution containing the two macromers with different weight ratios was photo-crosslinked in the presence of bFGF to produce in situ formed bFGF loaded Pluronic/heparin hydrogels. Swelling, mass erosion, bFGF release characteristics of Pluronic/heparin hydrogels were thoroughly examined by varying the weight ratio of the two macromers. The incorporation of heparin in the composite hydrogel enabled the controlled release of bFGF over a one month period in a near zero order manner. The prolonged release of bFGF could be attributed to the specific interaction between bFGF and heparin in the hydrogel matrices. The released bFGF fraction from the degradable hydrogels also showed sufficient proliferation activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). When the Pluronic/heparin hydrogels were implanted in vivo, a significant extent of neo-vascularization was observed.
Abyssinia (1935)

The continued discussion in the stop‐press news about Abyssinia, and its present relations with the League of Nations have awakened interest in the geography of Africa. This article is a commentary, with special reference to Abyssinia, from the literature of African geography, and may throw some light upon current controversy.
How reliable are DFT transition structures? Comparison of GGA, hybrid-meta-GGA and meta-GGA functionals (2010)

There have been many comparisons of computational methods applied to ground states, but studies of organic reactions usually require calculations on transition states, and these provide a different test of the methods. We present calculations of the geometries of nineteen covalent-bond forming transition states using HF and twelve different functionals, including GGA, hybrid-GGA and hybrid meta-GGA approaches. For the calculation of the TS geometries, the results suggest that B3LYP is only slightly less accurate than newer, computationally more expensive methods, and is less sensitive to choice of integration grid. We conclude that the use of B3LYP and related functionals is still appropriate for many studies of organic reaction mechanisms.
On half gapped seed. (2003)

In this paper, we proposed a new type of seed for Blast-like homology search tools called "half seed''. This new seed is better than the "consecutive seed'' used by the original Blast tools in both sensitivity and efficiency. When compared with the "gapped seed'', which is proposed together with a new Blast-like searching tool, PatternHunter, this new seed offers a much wider range of choices for performing tradeoff between sensitivity and efficiency. This property is especially useful when some searching applications want to get more precise results with limitation on hardware resources, or vice versa.
Homopolymers and copolymers of N-4-phenylbenzamido-L-lysine and N-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine: Synthesis and liquid-crystalline properties (2002)

In order to obtain comb-like poly-L-lysines bearing a biphenyl mesogen at the end of every repeating unit we have synthesised Nε-4-phenylbenzamido-L-lysine (Kφφ) and the corresponding N-carboxy anydride (Kφφ-NCA). We have homopolymerised the Kφφ-NCA and block-copolymerised it with the NCA of Nε-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine (Kt). The structural study of homopolymers pKt and pKφφ and block copolymers pKt/pKφφ was performed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Two main types of structures were established: a bidimensional hexagonal one (Hα) where the polypeptide chains adopt an α-helix conformation and a lamellar smectic one (SA) deriving from the β-pleated-sheet structure of polypeptides. Homopolymers pKt and block copolymers pKt/pKφφ rich in pKt exhibit the Hα structure, whereas the homopolymers pKφφ exhibit an SA2 structure, and block copolymers rich in pKφφ exhibit an SAd structure. All the liquid-crystalline structures were stable until the beginning of decomposition of the polymers. Hydrolysis of the pKt block of copolymers pKt/pKφφ provided amphiphilic block copolymers pK/pKφφ without modification of the structure of the mesophases.
Estudio oftalmológico de pacientes VIH+ con sobreinfección por el bacilo de Koch (1993)

Se revisan 262 historias clinicas de pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH+) vistos en el periodo 1989-91, centrando el estudio en aquellos con sobreinfeccion por el bacilo de Koch, con el fin de analizar la incidencia de las diferentes complicaciones oculares. Se encontraron 41 pacientes diagnosticados de infeccion por M. Tuberculosis, los cuales presentaban las siguientes alteraciones oculares: 21 fondos de ojo (FO) normales (51, 21 %), 11 retinopatias SIDA (26, 82 %), 5 retinitis por CMV (12, 19 %) (2 casos presentaban afectacion simultanea de retinopatia SIDA y retinitis por CMV), 3 casos de coroiditis tuberculosa (7, 31 %), 1 pseudoedema de papila (2, 43 %), 1 atrofia de papila (2, 43 %) y 1 amaurosis (2, 43 %) (estos tres ultimos casos sin filiar). En ningun caso se observo afectacion del segmento anterior ni vitreitis.
Surgical management of unruptured basilar artery bifurcation aneurysms (2002)

The basilar artery (BA) bifurcation is the most common site for aneurysms arising from the posterior circulation. Their inhospitable location, nested within the narrow confines of the interpeduncular fossa anterior to the brainstem, coupled with the rich network of adjacent critical thalamoperforating arteries irrigating the midbrain and thalamus, pose difficult anatomical obstacles for the surgeon. The age old adage that the only cure for intracranial aneurysms remains exclusion from circulation before rupture still holds true. Although management of unruptured aneurysms in general is still controversial, unruptured aneurysms of the BA bifurcation can be treated surgically with acceptable rates of morbidity. The clinician must gather and weigh all clinical, pathological, and radiological data when formulating recommendations for the individual patient. In the present report the authors describe their current technique for the surgical management of unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms; this represents the culmination of the senior author's (N.K.) experience in the management of both ruptured and unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms. A modified, right-sided subtemporal transtentorial approach has been adopted in all cases of isolated unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms. Technical nuances are described.
Switching the Immunogenicity of Peptide Assemblies Using Surface Properties (2016)

Biomaterials created from supramolecular peptides, proteins, and their derivatives have been receiving increasing interest for both immunological applications, such as vaccines and immunotherapies, as well as ostensibly nonimmunological applications, such as therapeutic delivery or tissue engineering. However, simple rules for either maximizing immunogenicity or abolishing it have yet to be elucidated, even though immunogenicity is a prime consideration for the design of any supramolecular biomaterial intended for use in vivo. Here, we investigated a range of physicochemical properties of fibrillized peptide biomaterials, identifying negative surface charge as a means for completely abolishing antibody and T cell responses against them in mice, even when they display a competent epitope. The work was facilitated by the modularity of the materials, which enabled the generation of a set of co-assembled fibrillar peptide materials with broad ranges of surface properties. It was found that negative surface charge, provided via negatively charged amino acid residues, prevented T cell and antibody responses to antigen-carrying assemblies because it prevented uptake of the materials by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which in turn prevented presentation of the epitope peptide in the APCs' major histocompatibility class II molecules. Conversely, positive surface charge augmented the uptake of fibrillized peptides by APCs. These findings suggest that some surface characteristics, such as extensive negative charge, should be avoided in vaccine design using supramolecular peptide assemblies. More importantly, it provides a strategy to switch off potentially problematic immunogenicity for using these materials in nonimmunological applications.
FROM MR. WILLIAMS'S BIRTH UNTIL HIS DEPARTURE FOR THE SOUTH SEAS (2010)

The history of the last fifty years, filled up as that period has been with memorable and momentous events, will, “in the ages to come,” be chiefly regarded as the era of modern missions: and it may be confidently predicted that, in comparison with these movements of Christian philanthropy, not one of the great political changes which have recently imprinted their own character upon the sentiments and institutions of society, will, to anything like the same extent, so powerfully and permanently influence future generations. Whatever, therefore, may have contributed to such a result must deserve a record; and more especially, the proceedings of those honoured men to whom the sacred impulse owed its origin, or its increase. To the former class belong “the Fathers and Founders” of our religious societies. They have now found their rest, and personally are no more seen. But their influence is still felt; “their works do follow them;” their names will be long embalmed in the affections of the church; and others, entering into their labours, have caught their mantle, and devoted the dew of their youth, and the vigour of their days to the prosecution of the same great designs. Amongst these, we must claim an honourable position for him whose eventful and important history will be found in the following pages. Few individuals have done more than he for the furtherance of the Gospel, and sacred as well as fragrant will be his memory and his name.
Regulation of collagenase. Therapeutic considerations. (1978)

Why the cornea ulcerates, in the sense of what goes awry, may be related to the trapping of wound healing in a phase of proteolytic debridement related to a persistent epithelial defect. The initial avascularity of the cornea makes it particularly vulnerable to proteolytic damage. Studies on the biochemistry and cell biology of corneal ulceration have indicated that sequential interactions occur which result in the generation of collagenase activity and the development of ulceration. It is likely that the interactions are susceptible to intervention; and it is thought that eventual, successful treatment of corneal ulceration will require a complex therapy, with interventions at multiple sites of regulation.
The <i><scp>E</scp>scherichia coli</i><scp>SLC26</scp> homologue <scp>YchM</scp> (<scp>DauA</scp>) is a <scp>C<sub>4</sub></scp>‐dicarboxylic acid transporter (2012)

The SLC26/SulP (solute carrier/sulphate transporter) proteins are a ubiquitous superfamily of secondary anion transporters. Prior studies have focused almost exclusively on eukaryotic members and bacterial members are frequently classified as sulphate transporters based on their homology with SulP proteins from plants and fungi. In this study we have examined the function and physiological role of the Escherichia coli Slc26 homologue, YchM. We show that there is a clear YchM-dependent growth defect when succinate is used as the sole carbon source. Using an in vivo succinate transport assay, we show that YchM is the sole aerobic succinate transporter active at acidic pH. We demonstrate that YchM can also transport other C(4) -dicarboxylic acids and that its substrate specificity differs from the well-characterized succinate transporter, DctA. Accordingly ychM was re-designated dauA (dicarboxylic acid uptake system A). Finally, our data suggest that DauA is a protein with transport and regulation activities. This is the first report that a SLC26/SulP protein acts as a C(4) -dicarboxylic acid transporter and an unexpected new function for a prokaryotic member of this transporter family.
Vertical signal transmission in three-dimensional integrated circuits by capacitive coupling (2002)

In this paper, methods for direct vertical transmission of digital signals between adjacent chiplayers in three-dimensional circuit structures are presented. Alternative circuit schemes are investigated and compared to state-of-the-art structures with respect to signal delay and power dissipation. Improvements of over 30% in terms of speed and up to an order of magnitude in terms of dynamic power dissipation are achievable. Analytical calculations, simulations and experimental results show the suitability of the architectures for vertical signal transmission of high bandwidth digital information.
Análisis comparativo de las variables más relevantes para el desarrollo (2013)

Resumen En este artículo se analiza la evolución histórica de variables que han sido consideradas como relevantes para el desarrollo de Brasil, Chile, Corea del Sur, Finlandia e Irlanda, países donde en las últimas décadas se ha realizado una serie de transformaciones de índole social y económica que son interesantes contrastar con el desarrollo seguido por Costa Rica. A través de un análisis comparativo con estos países, se trata de identificar las lecciones aprendidas y las diferencias entre los indicadores de las variables estudiadas para inferir algunas conclusiones de su evolución en el largo plazo y su implicación en el desarrollo de los países en cuestión. Palabras Claves: Desarrollo, ingreso nacional bruto, competitividad, educación, desarrollo humano. Abstract This article analyzes the historical evolution of some variables that have been considered as relevant to the development of Brazil, Chile, South Korea, Finland and Ireland, which in recent decades made transformations on social, economic and a combination of both fields that can serve as a guide for other developing countries like Costa Rica. Through a comparative analysis of these countries, will be possible to take a note about the lessons learned and the differences between the selected indicators, and in fact, this scenario reflects the changes made and the position where you will find the country. Keywords: Development, GNI, competitiveness, education, human development.