gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry of Centered Hexanuclear Zirconium Halide Clusters in Ambient-Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salts (1999)

Ambient temperature AlCl(3)-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ImCl) molten salts, both basic (40/60 mol % AlCl(3)/ImCl) and acidic (60/40 mol % AlCl(3)/ImCl), were used in an electrochemical investigation of centered hexanuclear zirconium halide clusters. In the basic molten salt, these [(Zr(6)ZCl(12))Cl(6)](n-) (Z = Be, B, C, Mn, Fe) centered clusters exhibit the following electrochemical reactions on a glassy carbon electrode (potentials vs Al/Al(3+)): [(Zr(6)BeCl(12))Cl(6)](n)()(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)BeCl(12))Cl(6)](()(n)()(+1))(-), E(1/2) = -0.613 V (n = 4), E(1/2) = -1.085 V (n = 5); [(Zr(6)BCl(12))Cl(6)](n)()(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)BCl(12))Cl(6)](()(n)()(+1))(-), E(1/2) = -0.365 V (n = 4), E(1/2) = 0.072 V (n = 3); [(Zr(6)CCl(12))Cl(6)](n)()(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)CCl(12))Cl(6)](()(n)()(+1))(-), E(1/2) = 0.230 V (n = 3); [(Zr(6)MnCl(12))Cl(6)](4)(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)MnCl(12))Cl(6)](5)(-), E(1/2) = -0.432 V. In the acidic melt, only electrochemical reactions [(Zr(6)BeCl(12))(AlCl(4))(6)](n)()(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)BeCl(12))(AlCl(4))(6)](()(n)()(+1))(-), E(1/2) = -0.069 V (n = 5), E(1/2) = 0.504 V (n = 4), and [(Zr(6)BCl(12))(AlCl(4))(6)](4)(-) + e(-) right harpoon over left harpoon [(Zr(6)BCl(12))(AlCl(4))(6)](5)(-), E(1/2) = 0.700 V are clearly observed. These data is consistent with less systematic observations of oxidation of these clusters in solution. No unambiguous one-electron electrochemical reduction nor oxidation is observable for the Fe-centered cluster in the ionic liquids. The half-wave potentials of the above reactions of the Be-, B-, C-, and Mn-centered clusters are controlled largely by clusters' charges. This correlation of redox potentials allows a useful direct comparison with data for related hexanuclear niobium clusters in the literature.
TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE NONSENSE SUPPRESSORS IN YEAST (1973)

A single mutation leads to temperature-sensitive amber and ochre suppression in yeast. This mutation maps in or near the SUP4 gene on chromosome X.
Role of spinal p38α and β MAPK in inflammatory hyperalgesia and spinal COX-2 expression (2010)

Pharmacological studies indicate that spinal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase plays a role in the development of hyperalgesia. We investigated whether either the spinal isoform p38alpha or p38beta is involved in peripheral inflammation evoked pain state and increased expression of spinal COX-2. Using intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides, we show that hyperalgesia is prevented by downregulation of p38beta but not p38alpha, whereas increases in spinal COX-2 protein expression at 8 hours are mediated by both p38alpha and beta isoforms. These data suggest that early activation of spinal p38beta isoform may affect acute facilitatory processing, and both p38beta and alpha isoforms mediate temporally delayed upregulation of spinal COX-2.
The in vitro antimicrobial effect of azelaic acid (1986)

Various strains of cutaneous micro-organisms were tested in vitro for their survival rates in 0.5 mol/l (8.4% w/v) azelaic acid solution. All bacterial strains exhibited large reductions in viability (at least 40-fold) over a 24 h test period, but little response was noted with Pityrosporum ovale. The bactericidal effect of azelaic acid was reduced considerably in the presence of nutrients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal (or fungicidal) concentrations (MBCs) were also determined. MICs varied from 0.03 mol/l to 0.25 mol/l; MBCs were all either 0.25 mol/l or greater.
Active and Passive Bile Acid Absorption in Man. PERFUSION STUDIES OF THE ILEUM AND JEJUNUM (1974)

Absorption of the major human bile acids was studied in 12 healthy volunteers by steady state perfusion of the ileum in 112 experiments and of the jejunum in 48 experiments. Use of a randomized order of four perfusions on 1 day of study and use of up to 4 consecutive days of study in a subject allowed important comparisons of data from the same individuals. That there is active ileal absorption of chenodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, and taurocholic acids in man was supported by the finding of saturation kinetics and of competition for absorption among conjugated bile acids. Values for apparent kinetic constants (apparent maximal transport velocity [(*)V(max)] and apparent Michaelis constant) in man are similar to those in other species. The ileum absorbed chenodeoxycholic acid more rapidly than its glycine conjugate, due mainly to a ninefold greater permeability for the free acid. Taurocholate had the highest (*)V(max) and was absorbed more rapidly than glycochenodeoxycholate. Passive permeability of the jejunum to bile acids was twice that of the ileum, and the permeabilities to free and glycine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate were in the same ratio as in the ileum (9: 1). Jejunal permeability to chenodeoxycholic acid was three times that to cholic acid. Variation of intraluminal pH by up to 1.4 units did not influence jejunal uptake of free bile acids. These results, which are comparable with those from animal experiments, provide a basis for estimation of intestinal reabsorption of bile acids in intact man.
Preparation and characterization of polyimide and polyethersulfone blend membrane for gas separation (2011)

ABSTRACT Polyimides (PI) have been studied as the basic materials for preparing gas separation membranes attributable to their high gas selectivity. This paper deals with the preparation and characterization of blended polyimide membranes with polyethersulfone (PES) to study separation of ethylene from nitrogen gas at different feed pressures. For improving performance of PI membranes, two procedures were used. First, using polymeric additives such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PES in low content and second, blending of PI casting solution with high amount of PES. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were employed to characterize the membranes. Pyromellitic dianhydride‐co‐4, 4′‐oxy dianiline (PMDA/ODA) polyimide membranes was synthesized using polyamic acid (PAA) as precursor materials. The ideal selectivity of 100% (ethylene permeation only) was achieved at 1 bar using PMDA/ODA polyimide membranes containing 1 wt% PVDF. Addition of PES did not have any significant influence on ideal selectivity of the prepared membranes. PES‐(PMDA/ODA) polyamic acid blend membranes were prepared using different blending ratios of PES (25 wt%) and PAA (15 wt%). The blending ratio of casting solutions of PES/PAA solutions exhibited a main influence on the ideal selectivity. The ideal selectivity of 2.9 for ethylene was achieved at 3 bar using blend membranes with 0.5 wt% PAA solution. PES‐PMDA/ODA polyimide membranes were also prepared from blend casting solutions by thermal imidization. Immiscible blend membranes were obtained at different blending ratios of the casting solutions with high gas permeance and poor selectivity. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disposition of [<sup>14</sup>C]furan in the male F344 rat (1991)

In a recently completed 2‐yr bioassay, furan was found to induce cholangiocarcinomas at high incidence in rats. The disposition of single and multiple gavage doses of [2,5‐14C]furan has been determined in male F344 rats to aid in interpretation of that study. In the 24 h after dosing about 80% of the furan‐derived radioactivity was eliminated, primarily via urine and expired air. [14C]Carbon dioxide was a major metabolite, indicating that furan ring opening followed by complete oxidation of at least one of the labeled carbons was a major part of the overall metabolism of furan. Liver contained more furan‐derived radioactivity by far than other tissues after 24 h. Approximately 80% of the radioactivity in liver was not extracted by organic solvents and was associated with protein. There was either no binding to DNA or the furan‐DNA adduct was not stable to the isolation procedure. Repeated daily administration of [14C]furan resulted in a more or less linear increase in covalent binding through four doses; at this point the amount of nonextractable radioactivity plateaus. Urine contained at least 10 metabolites, again indicating extensive metabolism of the furan ring. From the data obtained in this study it is clear that furan is metabolized to reactive species, apparently primarily in liver, and these intermediates react with protein. The hepatotoxicity resulting from furan exposure may be due to the reaction of furan metabolites with liver macromolecules; the presence of some of these reactive metabolites following chronic exposure to furan may result in cholangiocarcinomas.
Non-frequency-selective I/Q Imbalance in Zero-IF Transceivers for Wide-Band mmW Links (2014)

Millimeter wave (mmW) links are an attractive solution for backhaul of mobile networks. In order to cope with the requirements of future networks, these mmW links should achieve Gigabit data rates. These data rates can be achieved using wide-band and high order modulations in E-Band. Zero- IF architectures are good candidates for integrated transceivers. However, the design of integrated transceivers at these frequencies is a challenging issue. An important source of degradation is I/Q imbalance, which can significantly reduce the performance of a communication system with zero-IF transceivers if it is not appropriately compensated. In this paper the impact of the IQ imbalance impairment on the transmitted and received signal is analyzed and suitable digital signal processing techniques are evaluated for IQ imbalance compensation at the receiver for a 64-QAM system using 2GHz bandwidth.
Analysis of interlaced video signals and its applications (1994)

This paper presents a model of interlaced video. The model uses the assumption that the whole scene, which is captured by a camera, is moving at a constant speed. Within this model, the Fourier transform of the interlaced video signal is analyzed for various modes used in picture coding, such as intrafield, intraframe, interfield (with motion compensation), and interframe (with and without motion compensation) processing. The main spectral components of the signal are identified. The analysis yields new insight into the nature of the components. This insight is useful in the design of video processing systems, which is illustrated by various applications.
Physicochemical Properties of Binary Ionic Liquid–Aprotic Solvent Electrolyte Mixtures (2012)

The properties of mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) with a variety of different aprotic solvents have been examined in detail. The ILs selected—bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI–) salts with N-methyl-N-pentylpyrrolidinium (PY15+), -piperidinium (PI15+), or -morpholinium (MO15+) cations—enabled the investigation of how cation structure influences the mixture properties. This study includes the characterization of the thermal phase behavior of the mixtures and volatility of the solvents, density and excess molar volume, and transport properties (viscosity and conductivity). The mixtures with ethylene carbonate form a simple eutectic, whereas those with ethyl butyrate appear to form a new IL–solvent crystalline phase. Significant differences in the viscosity of the mixtures are found for different solvents, especially for the IL-rich concentrations. In contrast, only minor differences are noted for the conductivity with different solvents for the IL-rich concentrations. For the solvent-rich concentrations, however, substantial differences are noted in the conductivity, especially for the mixtures with acetonitrile.
Morbidity after intraperitoneal insertion of saline-filled tissue expanders for small bowel exclusion from radiotherapy treatment fields: a prospective four year experience with 34 patients. (1994)

Intraperitoneal placement of a saline-filled tissue expander is a simple, safe and effective means of small bowel exclusion from RT portals.
Inflammatory disease protective R381Q IL23 receptor polymorphism results in decreased primary CD4+ and CD8+ human T-cell functional responses (2011)

The SNP (c.1142G > A;p.R381Q) in the IL-23 receptor (IL23R) confers protection from multiple inflammatory diseases, representing one of the most significant human genetic polymorphisms in autoimmunity. We, therefore, sought to define the functional consequences of this clinically significant variant. We find that CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+ T cells from healthy R381Q IL23R carriers show decreased IL-23-dependent IL-17 and IL-22 production relative to WT IL23R individuals. This was associated with a lower percentage of circulating Th17 and Tc17 cells. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells from R381Q IL23R individuals showed decreased IL-23-dependent expansion and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation compared with WT CD8+ T cells. Importantly, cells transfected with the IL23R glutamine variant show decreased IL-23-mediated signaling compared with the IL23R arginine allele. Our results show that the R381Q IL23R variant leads to selective, potentially desirable, loss of function alterations in primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in highly significant protection against autoimmunity.
Part 1: Antiplasmodial, Cytotoxic, Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Plants in the Family Acanthaceae (2010)

Crude extracts (CH(2)Cl(2) and MeOH) of 20 plants in the family Acanthaceae were screened for their antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities. These plants included Asystasia nemorum, Barleria cristata, B. strigosa, Dicliptera burmanni, Eranthemum tetragonum, Hygrophila ringens, Justicia balansae, J. procumbens, Lepidagathis incurva, Peristrophe lanceolaria, Phaulopsis dorsiflora, Ruellia kerrii, Strobilanthes auriculata, S. corrugata, S. cusia, S. dimorphotricha, S. karensium, S. maxwellii, S. pateriformis, and S. brandisii. CH(2)Cl(2) extracts of A. nemorum, S. corrugata, S. cusia, S. maxwellii, S. pateriformis, and S. brandisii, as well as MeOH extracts of J. balansae and J. procumbens, showed antiplasmodial activity with IC(50) values of 10-100 µg/mL. CH(2)Cl(2) extracts of nine plants including D. burmanni, H. ringens, J. balansae, J. procumbens, L. incurva, P. lanceolaria, P. dorsiflora, S. corrugata, and S. maxwellii showed cytotoxic activity with IC(50) values of 3.5-46.0 µg/mL. MeOH extracts (at 100 µg/mL) of R. kerrii and S. auriculata could effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals (82-83% inhibition) and superoxide anion radicals (79% and 88% inhibition). In the ORAC antioxidant assay, MeOH extracts of B. cristata, J. procumbens, R. kerrii, and S. auriculata exhibited activity with ORAC units of 3.1-3.9.
Gas Flow Patterns in Horizontal Epitaxial Reactor Cells Observed by Interference Holography (1982)

Interference holography is used to visualize gas flow patterns and temperature profiles in epitaxial systems. It is demonstrated that in water‐cooled horizontal reactor cells the carrier gases and He give dynamically stable laminar flow profiles throughout the reactor. There is no indication of a stagnant or boundary layer for flow velocities up to 80 cm/sec in this type of cell. In air‐cooled cells, and He also give stable laminar flow profiles, but beyond velocities of 40 cm/sec a cold gas finger appears in these flows due to undeveloped flow and temperature profiles. In contrast to the stable flow characteristics of and He, the flows of and Ar always are unstable due to convective motions. Besides this intrinsic instability, these flows are accompanied by severe entrance effects (especially undeveloped flow profiles), which dominate the flows for flow rates higher than 4 cm/sec. This is observed for both air‐ and water‐cooled cells. Another phenomenom which is observed for and Ar is that beyond 4 cm/sec the convective gas breaks up into a thin (8 mm) laminar layer close to the susceptor across which the entire temperature gradient is present and a highly turbulent/convective part above this laminar layer. Analysis shows that for Ar and about eight times longer entrance lengths in the reactor cell are needed to achieve fully developed velocity and temperature profiles as compared with and He. This explains the dominant influence of this effect on the flows of Ar and . When the influence of the entrance effect on the profiles is taken into account, all the observed flow patterns and temperature gradients are in agreement with the theoretical flows which can be predicted on basis of the respective Reynolds and Rayleigh (or Grashof) numbers.
Optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH): overview and recent results (2004)

The OBIRCH is an indispensable failure analysis tool in the semiconductor industry. It is useful not only for test structures but also for final products. It is useful for field failures and the failures in manufacturing processes at development phase and mass-production phase. The IR-OBIRCH can detect defects and current paths from the backside of Si chips because of small attenuation of 1.3-um-wavelength laser in Si. The sensitivity of defect detection using the OBIRCH has been improved in various ways. the use of a near-field optical probe instead of the laser (NF-OBIRCH) and the use of the combination of laser-modulation and lock-in amplifier made it possible to get a OBIRCH image and a OBIC (optical beam induced current) image with highest spatial resolution of 50 nm. For the future applications of the OBIRCH, two different approaches are promising: specially designed test structures and solid immersion lens.
CD4+ T Cells Pass Through an Effector Phase During the Process of In Vivo Tolerance Induction (2003)

An important process in the generation of tolerance to peripheral self-Ags is the induction of unresponsiveness in mature specific T cells. Although the end stage of this process, termed anergy, is well defined, the pathway by which naive T cells become anergic remains to be elucidated. Using an in vivo self-tolerance model, we demonstrate that CD4(+) T cells pass through a significant effector stage on their way to an anergic state. This stage is characterized by production of effector cytokines, provision of help for CD8(+) T cells, and induction of in vivo pathology within organs that express cognate Ag. These results suggest that the initial activation stage in T cell tolerance is similar to that seen in memory induction. They also suggest that autoimmune pathology can result during the natural process of tolerance induction rather than requiring that tolerance be broken.
Phosphorylation of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Controls Its Ability to Mediate Extracellular Acidification in Hypoxic Tumors (2011)

In the hypoxic regions of a tumor, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an important transmembrane component of the pH regulatory machinery that participates in bicarbonate transport. Because tumor pH has implications for growth, invasion, and therapy, determining the basis for the contributions of CA IX to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment could lead to new fundamental and practical insights. Here, we report that Thr443 phosphorylation at the intracellular domain of CA IX by protein kinase A (PKA) is critical for its activation in hypoxic cells, with the fullest activity of CA IX also requiring dephosphorylation of Ser448. PKA is activated by cAMP, which is elevated by hypoxia, and we found that attenuating PKA in cells disrupted CA IX-mediated extracellular acidification. Moreover, following hypoxia induction, CA IX colocalized with the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter and other PKA substrates in the leading edge membranes of migrating tumor cells, in support of the concept that bicarbonate metabolism is spatially regulated at cell surface sites with high local ion transport and pH control. Using chimeric CA IX proteins containing heterologous catalytic domains derived from related CA enzymes, we showed that CA IX activity was modulated chiefly by the intracellular domain where Thr443 is located. Our findings indicate that CA IX is a pivotal mediator of the hypoxia-cAMP-PKA axis, which regulates pH in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
Correlation of Reservoired Gases Using the Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Wet Gas Components (1) (1990)

The carbon isotopic compositions of the wet gas components, particularly propane, isobutane, and normal butane, have been found to be particularly valuable for correlating one reservoired gas with another. The usefulness of these components for correlation results from their carbon isotopic compositions reflecting both the nature of their source and their maturity. This source control is strongest for gases derived from the more highly structured types of kerogen (i.e., woody-coaly; type III), although the wet gas components' carbon isotopic compositions of most gases are at least partly controlled by their source for levels of maturity below the point at which thermal destruction of the wet components occurs. As a result, the wet gas components are found to provide more ositive correlations than is methane alone. Three exploration examples illustrate the use of the carbon isotopic compositions of the wet gas components for correlation: the Leduc reef trend of Alberta, Canada; the Sleipner area in the North Sea; and the Lena field, offshore Louisiana, United States. The three examples also illustrate the need to integrate geochemical interpretations with regional geology to obtain a good understanding of the hydrocarbon source.
Transcriptional repression of the D-type cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 by the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product pRb. (1994)

Progression of the eukaryotic cell division cycle is regulated by a series of structurally related serine/threonine protein kinases known as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The D-type cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK4 and CDK6, have been strongly implicated in the control of G1 progression and the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, pRb. The formation of complexes and enzymatic activity of cyclin D-CDK4 and cyclin D-CDK6 kinases is negatively regulated by p16INK4 (MTS1/CDK4I/CDKN2) via its specific interaction with CDK4 and CDK6 catalytic subunits. Here we report that the p16 mRNA accumulates to a high level in cells lacking pRb function and transcription of p16 is repressed by pRb. Our results provide evidence supporting a feedback regulatory loop involving pRb, p16, and cyclin-dependent kinases.
Threshold voltage control of non-recessed GaN MOS HEMTs and recessed GaN MOS FETs by Al <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> Ga <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> N back barrier (2020)

Abstract Threshold voltage ( V th ) control of a GaN MOS transistor by Al x Ga 1− x N back barrier was systematically studied. Non-recessed GaN MOS HEMTs and recessed GaN MOS FETs with an Al x Ga 1− x N ( x = 0%, 3%, 5%, 8%) back barrier layer were fabricated on the same 6 inch GaN-on-Si wafers and characterized. Al 2 O 3 gate-insulator thickness was changed from 20 to 100 nm to evaluate the Al 2 O 3 /GaN interface fixed charge. The V th of the GaN MOS transistor increases with increasing in Al content x of the Al x Ga 1− x N back barrier layer and decreasing in Al 2 O 3 thickness. The dependences of V th on Al content x and Al 2 O 3 thickness were different between non-recessed and recessed transistor. The different dependences of V th on Al content x and Al 2 O 3 thickness were explained well by the newly introduced surface donor model, which compensate not only the surface polarization charge but also the surface electric field.