gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long short-term memory based convolutional recurrent neural networks for large vocabulary speech recognition (2015)

Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on many speech recognition tasks, as they are able to provide the learned dynamically changing contextual window of all sequence history.On the other hand, the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have brought significant improvements to deep feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs), as they are able to better reduce spectral variation in the input signal.In this paper, a network architecture called as convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) is proposed by combining the CNN and LSTM RNN.In the proposed CRNNs, each speech frame, without adjacent context frames, is organized as a number of local feature patches along the frequency axis, and then a LSTM network is performed on each feature patch along the time axis.We train and compare FFNNs, LSTM RNNs and the proposed LSTM CRNNs at various number of configurations.Experimental results show that the LSTM CRNNs can exceed stateof-the-art speech recognition performance.
Transfection of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Ameliorates Secondary Lymphedema via Promotion of Lymphangiogenesis (2006)

These data demonstrate that expression of HGF via plasmid transfer improves lymphedema via promotion of lymphangiogenesis. Further studies to determine the clinical utility of this approach would be of benefit to patients with lymphedema.
Transmembrane TNF- : structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents (2010)

Transmembrane TNF-alpha, a precursor of the soluble form of TNF-alpha, is expressed on activated macrophages and lymphocytes as well as other cell types. After processing by TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE), the soluble form of TNF-alpha is cleaved from transmembrane TNF-alpha and mediates its biological activities through binding to Types 1 and 2 TNF receptors (TNF-R1 and -R2) of remote tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that not only soluble TNF-alpha, but also transmembrane TNF-alpha is involved in the inflammatory response. Transmembrane TNF-alpha acts as a bipolar molecule that transmits signals both as a ligand and as a receptor in a cell-to-cell contact fashion. Transmembrane TNF-alpha on TNF-alpha-producing cells binds to TNF-R1 and -R2, and transmits signals to the target cells as a ligand, whereas transmembrane TNF-alpha also acts as a receptor that transmits outside-to-inside (reverse) signals back to the cells after binding to its native receptors. Anti-TNF agents infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept bind to and neutralize soluble TNF-alpha, but exert different effects on transmembrane TNF-alpha-expressing cells (TNF-alpha-producing cells). In the clinical settings, these three anti-TNF agents are equally effective for RA, but etanercept is not effective for granulomatous diseases. Moreover, infliximab induces granulomatous infections more frequently than etanercept. Considering the important role of transmembrane TNF-alpha in granulomatous inflammation, reviewing the biology of transmembrane TNF-alpha and its interaction with anti-TNF agents will contribute to understanding the bases of differential clinical efficacy of these promising treatment modalities.
Antineoplastic Agents III: Steroidal Glycosides from Solanum nigrum (1999)

By bioactivity-guided fractionation, three known steroidal glycosides, beta 2-solamargine (1), solamargine (2), and degalactotigonin (3), were isolated from Solanum nigrum. Compounds 1-3 induced morphological abnormality in Pyricularia oryzae mycelia with MMDC (minimum morphological deformation concentration) values of 63.0, 38.5, and 97.2 microM, respectively. This is the first report on the isolation of 1 from this species and on the cytotoxicity of 1-3 on six cultured human solid tumor cell lines HT-29 (colon), HCT-15 (colon), LNCaP (prostate), PC-3 (prostate), T47D (breast), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) in vitro. The cytotoxic assay indicated that 2 is the main antineoplastic agent in S. nigrum. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis, especially by 2D-NMR analysis.
A Single Director Switching Mode for Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers (1997)

We report rotation of a single director in a nematic monodomain, acrylate based side-chain elastomer which was subjected to mechanical fields applied at angles in the range to the director, , present at the time of network formation. Time and spatially resolving wide angle X-ray scattering, together with polarised light microscopy measurements revealed a pronounced, almost discontinuous switching mode at a critical extension as the strain was applied at angles approaching to , whereas a more continuous rotation was seen when the strain was applied at more acute angles. This director reorientation was more or less uniform across the complete sample and was accompanied by a modest decrease in orientation parameter . At strains sufficient to induce switching there was some continuous distribution of director orientations with fluctuations of 10 although there was no evidence for any localised director inhomogenities such as domain formation. The observed deformation behaviour of these acrylate-based nematic monodomains was in accord with the predictions of a theory developed by Bladon et al., in that the complete set of data could be accounted for through a single parameter describing the chain anisotropy. The experimentally deduced chain anisotropy parameter was in broad agreement with that obtained from small-angle neutron scattering procedures, but was somewhat greater than that obtained by spontaneous shape changes at the nematic-isotropic transition.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Biologics for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review (2015)

When 35,000 €/QALY is considered as a threshold for the ICER, TNFis do not seem to be cost-effective among cDMARD naïve patients and patients with an insufficient response to cDMARDs. With thresholds of 50,000 to 100,000 €/QALY biologics might be cost-effective among patients with an inadequate response to cDMARDs. Standardization of multiattribute utility instruments and a validated standard conversion method for missing utility measures would enable better comparison between CUAs.
Identity of the Site of Action of 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate and Adrenocortocotropic Hormone in Corticosteroidogenesis in Rat Adrenal and Beef Adrenal Cortex Slices<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentity of the Site of Action of 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate and Adrenocortocotropic Hormone in Corticosteroidogenesis in Rat Adrenal and Beef Adrenal Cortex Slices*George C. Karaboyas and Seymour B. KoritzCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 3, 462–468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00879a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00879a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations216LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Shikonin on Human Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation and Apoptosis In Vitro (2006)

Shikonin, isolated from the plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. Et Zucc, has been reported to induce apoptosis in several tumor cells. However, such effect of shikonin on human breast cancer cells has not been reported. Thus, in the present study, whether shikonin could induce MCF-7 human breast cancer cell apoptosis was investigated. The results showed that shikonin (2.5-80 microM) induced MCF-7 cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as measured by MTT assay. The IC(50) of a 24 h, 48 h and 72 h time course for MCF-7 cells was 7.4+/-0.4, 6.3+/-0.6 and 3.9+/-0.5 microM, respectively. Cellular morphology observation showed that MCF-7 cells underwent marked apoptotic morphological changes upon treatment with 10 microM shikonin compared with the untreated control. Flow cytometric analysis of shikonin-treated MCF-7 cells showed that the ratio of the apoptotic DNA fragmentation increased in a dose-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the cytotoxic effect of shikonin on MCF-7 cells underwent apoptosis process.
Hydration, expansion, structure, and dynamics of layered double hydroxides (2003)

Water-vapor sorption isotherms, relative humidity (RH) controlled powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, and new and previously published multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopic data for a wide range of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) provide greatly increased understanding of the effects of hydration state on the structure and dynamical behavior of interlayer and surface anions and the factors controlling the expansion behavior of this group of minerals. Li,Al and Mg,Al LDH phases containing SO42-, SeO42-, PO43-, HPO42-, MoO42-, ClO4- , SeO32-, CO32-, F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, OH-, and NO3- were examined. The phases studied can be grouped into three types based on basal spacing expansion, water sorption, and interlayer anion dynamics: Type 1, significantly expandable (1.5-3.0 Å); Type 2, slightly expandable (expansion <0.5 Å) and with significant interlayer water exchange; and Type 3, essentially non-expandable (0-0.2 Å) and with little interlayer water exchange. For Type 1, the fully expanded phases have a two-water layer structure, and the phase transition from one layer to two layers as determined by XRD consistently correlates with a significant step in the water sorption isotherm and with changes in the interlayer structure and dynamics as observed by NMR spectroscopy. For Type-2 phases, only one-water layer structures form, and the interlayer anions may undergo dynamical disordering with increasing RH, as observed by NMR. For both Types 1 and 2, the first water layer does not cause significant basal spacing expansion due to occupancy of vacant interstitial sites between the anions by the water molecules. For Type-3 phases, there is little interlayer water sorption because the interlayers are essentially closed due to the small size or planar shape of the anions and their strong electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interaction with the hydroxyl layers. RH has no effect on the structural environments and dynamics of the interlayer anions in this group.
정보보호 : 실행파일 헤더내 문서화되지 않은 정보의 비교를 통한 실행파일 분류 방법 (2013)

파일 식별과 분석은 컴퓨터 포렌식 수사과정에서 디지털증거 획득 및 증거분석에 중요한 요소이며 지금까지 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 실행파일의 식별과 분석은 주로 악성코드에 대해 연구되어 왔기 때문에, 저작권침해 사고와 같은 일반적인 실행파일을 세부적으로 분류하고 탐지해야 할 경우에는 기존의 악성코드 분류 방법은 적용되기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 실행파일 헤더내 문서화되지 않은 정보의 유사도 측정에 근거한 비교를 통해 실행파일을 세부적으로 분류할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 제안한 방법은 실행파일의 헤더에 포함된 정보를 이용하기 때문에 일반적인 실행파일뿐만 아니라 기존의 악성코드 및 새로운 악성코드와 변종 그리고 실행압축, 코드변형, 가상화 및 난독화된 실행파일 분류에도 활용이 가능하다.
Boosting therapeutic potency of antibodies by taming Fc domain functions (2019)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most widely used drug platforms for infectious diseases or cancer therapeutics because they selectively target pathogens, infectious cells, cancerous cells, and even immune cells. In this way, they mediate the elimination of target molecules and cells with fewer side effects than other therapeutic modalities. In particular, cancer therapeutic mAbs can recognize cell-surface proteins on target cells and then kill the targeted cells by multiple mechanisms that are dependent upon a fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain interacting with effector Fc gamma receptors, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis. Extensive engineering efforts have been made toward tuning Fc functions by either reinforcing (e.g. for targeted therapy) or disabling (e.g. for immune checkpoint blockade therapy) effector functions and prolonging the serum half-lives of antibodies, as necessary. In this report, we review Fc engineering efforts to improve therapeutic potency, and propose future antibody engineering directions that can fulfill unmet medical needs.
Temperature dependence of photoisomerization. Part VIII. Excited-state behaviour of 1-naphthyl-2-phenyl- and 1,2-dinaphthyl-ethylenes and their photocyclisation products, and properties of the latter (1974)

The main deactivation pathways of excited trans-isomers of the title compounds in dilute solutions are fluorescence and trans→cis conversion, those of excited cis-isomers are cis→trans and cis→ DHP conversion (DHP = 4a,4b-dihydrophenanthrene derivative, the photocyclisation product) and fluorescence, while those of excited DHP are DHP →cis conversion and, in some cases, fluorescence. The quantum yields of fluorescence and of the photoconversions were measured as a function of temperature, in alicyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents. The relative contributions of these deactivation paths vary sharply with the temperature and the compound, in the above series. In all compounds trans→cis, cis→trans(with one exception), and cis→ DHP photoconversions are slowed down sharply at low temperatures, while DHP →cis is attenuated on cooling only in the 2-naphthyl derivatives. Only in these three compounds was DHP fluorescence observed. The critical increments calculated by an ‘Arrhenius treatment’ of the variation of these quantum yields with temperature amount to 2–10 kcal mol–1, and may indicate the existence of potential barriers on the way from the excited starting molecules to the final product. In the three 2-naphthyl derivatives, the ratio [trans]/[DHP] resulting from the reactions transâ†�cis*→ DHP was found to vary sharply with the wavelength of the exciting light (313,334, and 366 nm). This effect is explained as being due to selective excitation of the various more or less isoenergetic conformers of these compounds which exist in solution. Some of these conformers were observed to give rise to hitherto unknown types of DHPs and their oxidation products, again as a function of the wavelength of the exciting light. The structure of all DHPs formed via photocyclisation of the cis-isomers was proved, and their complete u.v. and visible absorption spectra determined, by dehydrogenation with atomic iodine to the corresponding benzo- or dibenzo-phenanthrenes. The proton n.m.r. spectrum of the DHPs derived from two dinaphthyl derivatives was determined, and signals were assigned to 4a-and 4b-H. Photodehydrogenation of DHPs involving excited DHP and ground-state oxygen or iodine was also observed. The thermal ring opening reaction DHP →cis was measured over a wide temperature range. The critical increments calculated therefrom were in the range 13–27 kcal mol–1.
Dual‐drug RGD conjugates provide enhanced cytotoxicity to melanoma and non‐small lung cancer cells (2015)

To enhance the efficacy of targeted drug delivery, four new peptide-ligand conjugates were synthesized, each consisting of a cyclic RGDfK penta-peptide loaded with two anticancer drugs. The drug release profiles in different media of these new compounds and their cytotoxic activity against melanoma and non-small lung cancer cell lines were evaluated and compared with those of their singly loaded analogs. The cyclic RGDfK penta-peptide was selected as a targeting moiety because of its high affinity and selectivity to the α<sub>v</sub> β<sub>3</sub> integrin receptor, which is frequently over-expressed in various types of cancer cells. The peptide's core was modified at the side chain of its Lys residue by coupling it with a sixth amino acid (AA) - either Lys (5a) or Ser (5b) (Lys/Ser splitter), resulting in two functional sites which enabled the loading of two therapeutic equivalents onto a single targeting carrier. Using Lys as a splitter resulted in two primary amines. Consequently, conjugates 1a and 1b were synthesized by coupling of 2 Chlorambucils (CLBs) or 2 Camptothecins (CPTs), respectively, to the primary amines of 5a. Conjugate 1c was synthesized from 5b by loading two equivalents of CLB on the amine and the hydroxyl of the Ser splitter, resulting in a homodimeric system with two distinct conjugation sites - amide and ester. The heterodimeric conjugate 1d of CLB and CPT was synthesized by loading each one of the primary amines of 5a with two different drugs - CLB and CPT. The doubling of drug equivalents loaded onto the targeting peptide correlated with enhanced cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates towards cancer cells. The versatility of chemical linkages of the drugs to the peptides resulted in conjugates with different drug release profiles. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on conjugate 1d demonstrated that this compound occupies a conformational space similar to the bio-active conformation of an integrin-bound cyclic RGD peptide reference peptide (c(RGDf(NMe)V). The modified position in 1d (relative to the reference peptide) points away from the integrin, leading us to hypothesize that this peptide binds the integrin in a manner similar to that of the reference peptide thereby fulfilling a crucial requirement for targeted delivery. The strategy of dual drug loading on a single peptide carrier, gives rise to drugs with different mechanisms of action and release profiles, thus substantially increasing the efficacy of selective killing of tumor cells and while reducing the risk of the development of drug resistance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 160-171, 2016.
Selective Erasure of Holograms in Photorefractive and Photopolymer Materials for Rewritable and Secure Data Storage (2007)

A selective erasure/update method of multiplexed photorefractive and photopolymer holograms by use of the double Mach–Zehnder (DMZ) interferometric arrangement is proposed. The DMZ arrangement is used as the optical phase-control device for holographic recording/erasure/update operations, which can produce a pair of π-phase-shifted interference patterns with a simple optical setup. We intend to erase the holograms recorded in not only the inherently rewritable photorefractive crystal but also the photopolymer material generally used for the write-once (i.e., unerasable) holographic recording. It is experimentally confirmed that our method can erase the write-once type photopolymer holograms as well as the photorefractive holograms, although there will be a certain degree of restriction on the rewrite cycles limited by the monomer density, the degree of multiplexing and so on.
Development And Modification Of Photorefractive Properties In The Tungsten Bronze Family Crystals (1987)

The Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) and Ba2-xSrxK1-yNayNb5O15 (BSKNN) tungsten bronze solid-solution systems are shown to be promising photo-refractive materials. Because of the versatility of the bronze structure, both the response time and spectral response can be controlled by altering the type of dopant and its crystallographic site preference. This paper reviews the current status of the tungsten bronze crystals SBN and BSKNN for photorefractive applications in terms of their growth, electro-optic character, and the role of cerium dopants. Ferroelectric morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) bronze materials are also discussed as potentially important for future development.
Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen employing monoclonal antibodies (1993)

The use of monoclonal antibodies in the development of a third generation microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is described. These antibodies were tested either alone or in combination with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit. Horseradish peroxidase was employed in the conjugates and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine was used as the enzyme substrate. Effect of type and concentration of antibodies used in the coating solution and in preparing conjugates as well as reaction time are discussed. The designed test employs a 100-microliters sample, with an overall incubation time of 3.5 hr. Serum or plasma (EDTA or citrate as anticoagulant) can be used. The sensitivity limit of the test was 0.4 ng/ml for subtype ad and 0.5 ng/ml for subtype ay. When used as screening test, 99.6% specificity was obtained; predictive value was 97.5% for a positive result and 99.8% for a negative result. According to the performance of the test, it seems to be suitable for diagnosis in routine laboratory and screening in blood banks.
Efficient estimation of SEU effects in SRAM-based FPGAs (2005)

SRAM-based FPGAs are becoming very appealing for several applications where high dependability is a mandatory requirement. Unfortunately, the technology of SRAM-based FPGAs is very sensitive to single event upsets (SEUs) and particular concerns arise from SEUs affecting the FPGAs' configuration memory. In this paper we propose a new method for assessing the impact of faults in the configuration memory on the FPGA dependability. The method uses static analysis, thus reducing greatly the time for performing dependability evaluation.
Pupil size behavior during online processing of sentences (2016)

In the present work we analyzed the pupil size behavior of 40 subjects while they read well-defined sentences with different contextual predictability (i.e., regular sentences and proverbs). In general, pupil size increased when reading regular sentences, but when readers realized that they were reading proverbs their pupils strongly increase until finishing proverbs' reading. Our results suggest that an increased pupil size is not limited to cognitive load (i.e., relative difficulty in processing) because when participants accurately recognized words during reading proverbs, theirs pupil size increased too. Our results show that pupil size dynamics may be a reliable measure to investigate the cognitive processes involved in sentence processing and memory functioning.