gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Heat on the Anatomy of the Adenovirus (1967)

SUMMARY When purified preparations of adenovirus type 5 were heated the icosa- hedral capsid of the virus was ruptured at the twelve vertices, allowing the viral DNA to become accessible to the action of DNAse. The viral DNA could then be substantially separated from protein by digestion with trypsin or pronase. An analysis of the distribution of viral DNA by radioactivity and the various capsid complement-fixing antigens after density gradient centrifugation of heated virus suggested the presence of some other hitherto undescribed protein within the capsid.
Atomoxetine for the treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A pilot open‐label study (2008)

Executive dysfunction (ED) is a prominent and often disabling feature of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have examined treatments. Given the role of noradrenergic pathology in ED, atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may be a potential treatment for PD-related ED. Twelve patients with PD and disabling ED completed an 8-week pilot open-label, flexible dose (25-100 mg/day) trial of atomoxetine. On primary outcome measures, atomoxetine was associated with improved ED based on the Clinical Global Impression-Change Scale (75% positive response rate; 95% CI: 43-95%, P < 05) and behavioral measures of ED [Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBE) Executive Dysfunction and Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) inattention/memory subscales]. Adverse effects included sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances and hypomania. Atomoxetine is tolerable in PD and may benefit clinical manifestations of ED, warranting further study in controlled trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Quinolinyl Ethers under Microwave Irradiation. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lithio(diphenylphosphino)methane-tetramethylethylenediamine: crystal structure and NMR studies of a coordinatively unsaturated, monomeric organolithium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithio(diphenylphosphino)methane-tetramethylethylenediamine: crystal structure and NMR studies of a coordinatively unsaturated, monomeric organolithiumGideon Fraenkel, William R. Winchester, and P. G. WilliardCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 10, 2308–2311Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00112a004https://doi.org/10.1021/om00112a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Baltimore Harbor Sediment Microcosms Is Catalyzed by Three Phylotypes within the Phylum <i>Chloroflexi</i> (2007)

The specific dechlorination pathways for Aroclor 1260 were determined in Baltimore Harbor sediment microcosms developed with the 11 most predominant congeners from this commercial mixture and their resulting dechlorination intermediates. Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were dechlorinated in the meta position, and the major products were tetrachlorobiphenyls with unflanked chlorines. Using PCR primers specific for the 16S rRNA genes of known PCB-dehalogenating bacteria, we detected three phylotypes within the microbial community that had the capability to dechlorinate PCB congeners present in Aroclor 1260 and identified their selective activities. Phylotype DEH10, which has a high level of sequence identity to Dehalococcoides spp., removed the double-flanked chlorine in 234-substituted congeners and exhibited a preference for para-flanked meta-chlorines when no double-flanked chlorines were available. Phylotype SF1 had similarity to the o-17/DF-1 group of PCB-dechlorinating bacteria. Phylotype SF1 dechlorinated all of the 2345-substituted congeners, mostly in the double-flanked meta position and 2356-, 236-, and 235-substituted congeners in the ortho-flanked meta position, with a few exceptions. A phylotype with 100% sequence identity to PCB-dechlorinating bacterium o-17 was responsible for an ortho and a double-flanked meta dechlorination reaction. Most of the dechlorination pathways supported the growth of all three phylotypes based on competitive PCR enumeration assays, which indicates that PCB-impacted environments have the potential to sustain populations of these PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the variation in dechlorination patterns of congener mixtures typically observed at different PCB impacted sites can potentially be mediated by the synergistic activities of relatively few dechlorinating species.
Sila-Analogues of High-Affinity, Selective σ Ligands of the Spiro[indane-1,4‘-piperidine] Type:  Syntheses, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties (2003)

The 1‘-organylspiro[indane-1,4‘-piperidine] derivatives 1a−4a (organyl = benzyl (1a), 4-methoxybenzyl (2a), 2-phenylethyl (3a), 3-methylbut-2-enyl (4a)) are high-affinity, selective σ ligands. The corresponding sila-analogues 1b−4b (→ replacement of the carbon spirocenter by a silicon atom) were synthesized in three-step syntheses, starting from dichlorodivinylsilane, and were isolated as the hydrochlorides 1b·HCl−4b·HCl. To get information about the structure of the title compounds and their respective carbon analogues in the solid state and in solution, crystal structure analyses (1a·HCl, 2a, 2b·HCl) and temperature-dependent solution 1H NMR studies (2a·HCl, 2b·HCl) were performed. These structural investigations were complemented by computational studies of related model species. The C/Si pairs 1a/1b−4a/4b were studied for their affinities for various central nervous system receptors (σ, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, α1, α2, M, D2) using radioligand binding assays. The σ affinities of the sila-analogues 2b−4b were found to be similar to those of the parent carbon compounds 2a−4a, whereas sila-substitution of 1a (→ 1b) resulted in a decrease of affinity of about 1 order of magnitude. On the other hand, a significant increase of affinity for the dopamine D2 and the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors was observed for the sila-analogues 1b−4b, the sila-substitution effect being especially pronounced for 4a/4b (6-fold affinity increase for the D2 receptor) and 3a/3b (37-fold affinity increase for the 5-HT2A receptor).
Knowing-Why About Data Processes and Data Quality (2003)

Knowledge about work processes is a prerequisite for performing work. We investigate whether a certain mode of knowledge, knowing-why, affects work performance and whether the knowledge held by different work roles matters for work performance. We operationalize these questions in the specific domain of data production processes and data quality. We analyze responses from three roles within data production processes, data collectors, data custodians, and data consumers, to investigate the effects of different knowledge modes held by different work roles on data quality. We find that work roles and the mode of knowledge do matter. Specifically, data collectors with why-knowledge about the data production process contribute to producing better quality data. Overall, knowledge of data collectors is more critical than that of data custodians.
Simulation and Controller Design for an Agricultural Sprayer Boom Leveling System (2011)

According to the agricultural precision requirements, the distance from sprayer nozzles to the corps should be kept between 50 cm to 70 cm. The sprayer boom also needs to be kept parallel to the field during the operation process. Thus we can guarantee the quality of the chemical droplets distribution on the crops. In this paper we introduced a sprayer boom leveling system for agricultural sprayer vehicles with electro-hydraulic auto-leveling system. The suitable hydraulic actuating cylinder and valve were selected according to the specific systemic specifications. Furthermore, a compensation controller for the electro-hydraulic system was designed based on the mathematical model. With simulations we can optimize the performance of this controller to make sure a fast leveling response to the inclined sprayer boom.
User term feedback in interactive text-based image retrieval (2005)

To alleviate the vocabulary problem, this paper investigates the role of user term feedback in interactive text-based image retrieval. Term feedback refers to the feedback from a user on specific terms regarding their relevance to a target image. Previous studies have indicated the effectiveness of term feedback in interactive text retrieval [14]. However, the term feedback has not shown to be effective in our experiments on text-based image retrieval. Our results indicate that, although term feedback has a positive effect by allowing users to identify more relevant terms, it also has a strong negative effect by providing more opportunities for users to specify irrelevant terms. To understand these different effects and their implications on the potential of term feedback, this paper further presents analysis of important factors that contribute to the utility of term feedback and discusses the outlook of term feedback in interactive text-based image retrieval.
The effect of illumination variations on color-based wood defect classification (1996)

The spectral stability of illumination is an important aspect in color machine vision. The physical properties of lamps may change the spectrum of the illumination with time. In this work we examine the robustness of different color spaces against spectrally varying illumination in industrial wood defect inspection, when the inspection system is not adapted to the variations of illumination. The spectral changes are accomplished by digitally transforming the color temperature of illumination of wood images. We conclude that the original RGB color space is the best color space under varying illumination, the XYZ and CIELuv spaces being also very promising. An interesting observation is that features from some of the color spaces perform worse than features obtained from grey-level images. However, the importance of color information is emphasized, since RGB gives better results than grey level even under strong spectral variation of illumination.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Stable Mucoid Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO581 with a <i>mucA25</i> Mutation (2013)

A mutation in the mucA gene, which encodes a negative regulator of alginate production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the main mechanism underlying the conversion to mucoidy in clinical isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of the stable alginate-overproducing mucoid strain P. aeruginosa PAO581 with a mucA25 mutation, a derivative from the nonmucoid strains P. aeruginosa PAO381 and PAO1.
A Soil Test for Nitrogen Availability to Corn (1984)

Abstract A soil test for N availability to corn ( Zea mays L.), NO ‐ 3 ‐ to 30cm when plants are 15 to 30 cm tall, was evaluated on a wide range of soils at 33 locations in Vermont and one in New York state. The NO ‐ 3 ‐N present at the time of sampling is a result of an integration of all the soil and weather factors that have influenced the availability of N prior to the time for sidedress fertilizer application. There was a typical response relationship between soil test NO ‐ 3 ‐N and corn silage yield on plots that only received limited amounts of starter N fertilizer at planting. The Cate‐Nelson procedure for NO ‐ 3 ‐N vs relative yield (yield without sidedress N/yield with sidedress N) indicated that there was a greater probability of response to N fertilizer when NO ‐ 3 ‐N was less than 36 kg ha −1 than at higher soil test values. The currently used N fertilizer recommendation procedure is based on estimates derived from cropping history, yield goal, soil type, and manure management information provided by farmers. Compared with the current method of estimating N fertilizer needs, recommendations based on the NO ‐ 3 ‐N soil test call for much less N fertilizer application and are more accurate in separating sites with varying response probabilities. As a routine laboratory procedure, the proposed test has numerous advantages over other N availability procedures. However, special procedures are needed, including rapid soil treatment after sampling (to eliminate N transformations), sampling the soil at a different time than for the usual soil test, and a rapid sample turnaround time in the laboratory.
[PPN][Ru<sub>3</sub>H(CO)<sub>11</sub>]/PCy<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Direct Addition of Formyl Compounds to Alkenes (1999)

A novel ruthenium catalyst system of [PPN][Ru3H(CO)11]/PCy3 [PPN = bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium, Cy = cyclohexyl] for the direct hydroamidation and hydroesterification of alkenes with formamides and alkyl formates has been developed. These addition reactions proceeded smoothly under an argon atmosphere, and carbon monoxide is not needed to suppress decarbonylation of formyl compounds or to maintain the catalytic activity.
Putative tumor suppressor gene <i>SEL1L</i> was downregulated by aberrantly upregulated hsa‐mir‐155 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2013)

Sel-1-like (SEL1L) is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is significantly downregulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The mechanism of the downregulation is unclear. Here, we investigated whether aberrantly upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) repressed the expression of SEL1L. From reported miRNA microarray studies on PDA and predicted miRNA targets, we identified seven aberrantly upregulated miRNAs that potentially target SEL1L. We assessed the expression levels of SEL1L mRNA and the seven miRNAs in human PDA tumors and normal adjacent tissues using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Then statistical methods were applied to evaluate the association between SEL1L mRNA and the miRNAs. Furthermore, the interaction was explored by functional analysis, including luciferase assay and transient miRNA overexpression. SEL1L mRNA expression levels were found to correlate inversely with the expression of hsa-mir-143, hsa-mir-155, and hsa-mir-223 (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.002, respectively). As the number of these overexpressed miRNAs increased, SEL1L mRNA expression progressively decreased (Ptrend = 0.001). Functional analysis revealed that hsa-mir-155 acted as a suppressor of SEL1L in PDA cell lines. Our study combined statistical analysis with biological approaches to determine the relationships between several miRNAs and the SEL1L gene. The finding that the expression of the putative tumor suppressor SEL1L is repressed by upregulation of hsa-mir-155 helps to elucidate the mechanism for SEL1L downregulation in some human PDA cases. Our results suggest a role for specific miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PDA and indicate that miRNAs have potential as therapeutic targets for PDA.
Numerical Studies on Trapped-Vortex Concepts for Stable Combustion (1998)

Spatially locked vortices in the cavities of a combustor aid in stabilizing the flames. On the other hand, these stationary vortices also restrict the entrainment of the main air into the cavity. For obtaining good performance characteristics in a trapped-vortex combustor, a sufficient amount of fuel and air must be injected directly into the cavity. This paper describes a numerical investigation performed to understand better the entrainment and residence-time characteristics of cavity flows for different cavity and spindle sizes. A third-order-accurate time-dependent Computational Fluid Dynamics with Chemistry (CFDC) code was used for simulating the dynamic flows associated with forebody-spindle-disk geometry. It was found from the nonreacting flow simulations that the drag coefficient decreases with cavity length and that an optimum size exists for achieving a minimum value. These observations support the earlier experimental findings of Little and Whipkey (1979). At the optimum disk location, the vortices inside the cavity and behind the disk are spatially locked. It was also found that for cavity sizes slightly larger than the optimum, even though the vortices are spatially locked, the drag coefficient increases significantly. Entrainment of the main flow was observed to be greater into the smaller-than-optimum cavities. The reacting-flow calculations indicate that the dynamic vortices developed inside the cavity with the injection of fuel and air do not shed, even though the cavity size was determined based on cold-flow conditions.
Advances in carbon/oxygen logs clarify reservoir behind casing (1993)

Recent improvements in detector designs are allowing new carbon/oxygen logging tools to give reliable measurements at substantially higher logging speeds. New detectors on the tools provide about a 100% increase in the dynamic range in the carbon/oxygen ratio, and much better statistical precision than previous systems. These new tools can eliminate the need for station measurements. Carbon/oxygen (C/O) logging tools are cased-hole pulsed neutron devices that use induced gamma spectroscopy to determine oil saturation in reservoirs having low (less than 30,000 ppm NaCl) or unknown water salinity. Additionally, elemental analysis of the measured spectra determines lithology independent of other data. Although recent and ongoing work has expanded the use of these tools into complex lithology and geo-chemical analysis, their primary application remains the determination of oil saturation in cased holes. The paper describes the pulsed neutron devices, tool comparisons, response characteristics, primary log curves, C/O logging limitations, new PNS (pulsed neutron spectral) tools, detector characteristics, primary measurements, log interpretation, station measurements, and the use in shaly sand and complex lithology.
The Role of Somatic L1 Retrotransposition in Human Cancers (2017)

The human LINE-1 (or L1) element is a non-LTR retrotransposon that is mobilized through an RNA intermediate by an L1-encoded reverse transcriptase and other L1-encoded proteins. L1 elements remain actively mobile today and continue to mutagenize human genomes. Importantly, when new insertions disrupt gene function, they can cause diseases. Historically, L1s were thought to be active in the germline but silenced in adult somatic tissues. However, recent studies now show that L1 is active in at least some somatic tissues, including epithelial cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of these recent developments, and examine evidence that somatic L1 retrotransposition can initiate and drive tumorigenesis in humans. Recent studies have: (i) cataloged somatic L1 activity in many epithelial tumor types; (ii) identified specific full-length L1 source elements that give rise to somatic L1 insertions; and (iii) determined that L1 promoter hypomethylation likely plays an early role in the derepression of L1s in somatic tissues. A central challenge moving forward is to determine the extent to which L1 driver mutations can promote tumor initiation, evolution, and metastasis in humans.
Reprogramming Cdr2-Dependent Geometry-Based Cell Size Control in Fission Yeast (2019)

How cell size is determined and maintained remains unclear, even in simple model organisms. In proliferating cells, cell size is regulated by coordinating growth and division through sizer, adder, or timer mechanisms or through some combination [1, 2]. Currently, the best-characterized example of sizer behavior is in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which enters mitosis at a minimal cell size threshold. The peripheral membrane kinase Cdr2 localizes in clusters (nodes) on the medial plasma membrane and promotes mitotic entry [3]. Here, we show that the Cdr2 nodal density, which scales with cell size, is used by the cell to sense and control its size. By analyzing cells of different widths, we first show that cdr2<sup>+</sup> cells divide at a fixed cell surface area. However, division in the cdr2Δ mutant is more closely specified by cell volume, suggesting that Cdr2 is essential for area sensing and supporting the existence of a Cdr2-independent secondary sizer mechanism more closely based on volume. To investigate how Cdr2 nodes may sense area, we derive a minimal mathematical model that incorporates the cytoplasmic kinase Ssp1 as a Cdr2 activator. The model predicts that a cdr2 mutant in an Ssp1 phosphorylation site (cdr2-T166A) [4] should form nodes whose density registers cell length. We confirm this prediction experimentally and find that thin cells now follow this new scaling by dividing at constant length instead of area. This work supports the role of Cdr2 as a sizer factor and highlights the importance of studying geometrical aspects of size control.
Current gain high-frequency CMOS operational amplifiers (1985)

The performance of high unity gain-bandwidth current gain-based CMOS operational amplifiers fabricated in a 1.5-/spl mu/m CMOS digital process is discussed. High unity-gain bandwidth was achieved by using short-channel MOS transistors operating in the current gain mode. Stacked current mirrors have been utilized as current gain stages to minimize the effects of the channel-length modulation in short-channel MOS transistors. Open-circuit gain of 60 to 70 dB, a unity-gain bandwidth of 70 to 100 MHz, and slew-rate of 200 V//spl mu/s were demonstrated at a DC power dissipation of 1-2 mW.
Alpha-Thioalkylation of Zinc Dienolates to 4-Substituted 1-tert-Butoxy-7a-methyl-hexahydroinden-5-ones (1994)

HepG2 cells could only express and release a few kinds of cytokines when the cells were stimulated with pro-inflammatory agents, such as LPS or HMGB1. Two kinds of cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 could be up-regulated by LPS and low concentration of HMGB1, and HMGB1 acted as an inhibitor of LPS to down-regulate the expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8 from HepG2 cells.
Catalytic Activities of Salicylaldehyde Derivatives. I. Catalytic Effects of 4-Formyl-3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Racemization of <scp>l</scp>-Amino Acid (1969)

Abstract The pyridoxal-like catalytic effects of salicylaldehyde derivatives on the racemization of amino acid in the presence of a metal ion is known to be promoted by the substitution of an electron-attracting group in the benzene ring. Of the salicylaldehyde derivatives tested thus far, 4-formyl-3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium bromide shows the most effective catalytic activity of racemization at pH 10 and at 80°C; the rate constant was 11.0×10−3 min−1. The catalytic activity of this compound was studied under various conditions; the activation energy of the racemization of l-glutamic acid at pH 10 was 14.3 kcal/mol.