gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration (2006)

Advanced therapies combating acute and chronic skin wounds are likely to be brought about using our knowledge of regenerative medicine coupled with appropriately tissue-engineered skin substitutes. At the present time, there are no models of an artificial skin that completely replicate normal uninjured skin. Natural biopolymers such as collagen and fibronectin have been investigated as potential sources of biomaterial to which cells can attach. The first generation of degradable polymers used in tissue engineering were adapted from other surgical uses and have drawbacks in terms of mechanical and degradation properties. This has led to the development of synthetic degradable gels primarily as a way to deliver cells and/or molecules in situ, the so-called smart matrix technology. Tissue or organ repair is usually accompanied by fibrotic reactions that result in the production of a scar. Certain mammalian tissues, however, have a capacity for complete regeneration without scarring; good examples include embryonic or foetal skin and the ear of the MRL/MpJ mouse. Investigations of these model systems reveal that in order to achieve such complete regeneration, the inflammatory response is altered such that the extent of fibrosis and scarring is diminished. From studies on the limited examples of mammalian regeneration, it may also be possible to exploit such models to further clarify the regenerative process. The challenge is to identify the factors and cytokines expressed during regeneration and incorporate them to create a smart matrix for use in a skin equivalent. Recent advances in the use of DNA microarray and proteomic technology are likely to aid the identification of such molecules. This, coupled with recent advances in non-viral gene delivery and stem cell technologies, may also contribute to novel approaches that would generate a skin replacement whose materials technology was based not only upon intelligent design, but also upon the molecules involved in the process of regeneration.
Theoretical Insight into the Trends that Guide the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid (2015)

The electrochemical reduction (electroreduction) of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH) and its competing reactions, that is, the electroreduction of CO2 to CO and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), on twenty-seven different metal surfaces have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Owing to a strong linear correlation between the free energies of COOH* and H*, it seems highly unlikely that the electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH via the COOH* intermediate occurs without a large fraction of the current going to HER. On the other hand, the selective electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH seems plausible if the reaction occurs via the HCOO* intermediate, as there is little correlation between the free energies of HCOO* and H*. Lead and silver surfaces are found to be the most promising monometallic catalysts showing high faradaic efficiencies for the electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH with small overpotentials. Our methodology is widely applicable, not only to metal surfaces, but also to other classes of materials enabling the computational search for electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to HCOOH.
Beyond the ceiling effect: Using a mixed methods approach to measure patient satisfaction (2011)

AbstractThis study reports patient satisfaction with the nursing care on a neurosurgical critical care unit. A modified version of the Ludwig-Beymer Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-7) was used, and included structured items and semi-structured interview questions. Data were collected from 149 patients. Participants rated their satisfaction as high (Mean = 25.14; SD = 2.96). The distribution of scores was skewed and every item demonstrated a ceiling effect. Principal component analysis yielded a one-component solution which explained 48% of the variance.NVivo® was used to match PSQ-7 scores with qualitative data. Participants' comments were categorised as positive, negative or 'yes, but'. Just over half the patients made positive comments and 29% of patients in the low group made negative comments. Three categories: 'communication', 'nursing care delivery' and 'the hospital environment' emerged from the qualitative data.A mixed method approach enables researchers to move beyond the ceiling effect of quantitative measures of patient satisfaction and to gain a more meaningful explanation of patient satisfaction.Keywords: patient satisfactionmixed methodscommunicationpatient safetyquality assurance
Exploring the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzymes (2006)

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes represent about 4% of the enzymes classified by the Enzyme Commission. The versatility of PLP in carrying out a large variety of reactions exploiting the electron sink effect of the pyridine ring, the conformational changes accompanying the chemical steps and stabilizing distinct catalytic intermediates, and the spectral properties of the different coenzyme-substrate derivatives signaling the reaction progress, are some of the features that have attracted our interest to investigate the structure-dynamics-function relationships of PLP-dependent enzymes. To this goal, an integrated approach combining biochemical, biophysical, computational, and molecular biology methods was used. The extensive work carried out on two enzymes, tryptophan synthase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, is presented and discussed as representative of other PLP-dependent enzymes we have investigated. Finally, perspectives of PLP-dependent enzymes functional genomics and drug targeting highlight the continuous novelty of an "old" class of enzymes.
The GABAergic System and the Gastrointestinal Physiopathology (2015)

Since the first report about the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accumulating evidence strongly supports the widespread representation of the GABAergic system in the enteric milieu, underlining its potential multifunctional role in the regulation of GI functions in health and disease. GABA and GABA receptors are widely distributed throughout the GI tract, constituting a complex network likely regulating the diverse GI behaviour patterns, cooperating with other major neurotransmitters and mediators for maintaining GI homeostasis in physiologic and pathologic conditions. GABA is involved in the circuitry of the enteric nervous system, controlling GI secretion and motility, as well as in the GI endocrine system, possibly acting as a autocrine/paracrine or hormonal agent. Furthermore, a series of investigations addresses the GABAergic system as a potential powerful modulator of GI visceral pain processing, enteric immune system and carcinogenesis. Although overall such actions may imply the consideration of the GABAergic system as a novel therapeutic target in different GI pathologic states, including GI motor and secretory diseases and different enteric inflammatory- and pain-related pathologies, current clinical applications of GABAergic drugs are scarce. Thus, in an attempt to propel novel scientific efforts addressing the detailed characterization of the GABAergic signaling in the GI tract, and consequently the development of novel strategies for the treatment of different GI disorders, we reviewed and discussed the current evidence about GABA actions in the enteric environment, with a particular focus on their possible therapeutic implications.
Molecular recognition on acoustic wave devices (1992)

Microporous thin films composed either of zeolite crystals embedded in sol-gel derived glass or of a molecular coupling layer, zeolite crystals and a porous silica overlayer, were formed on the gold electrodes of Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM). The microporosity of the thin films was characterized by in situ nitrogen and vapor sorption isotherms. Both preparation methods result in thin films with substantial microporosity. Selective adsorption based on molecular size exclusion from the microporous films could be achieved.
Two-dimensional analysis of emitter-size effect on current gain for GaAlAs/GaAs HBT's (1987)

The current-gain dependence on emitter size (emitter-size effect) is theoretically investigated for GaAlAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with an ion-implanted extrinsic base region, using a two-dimensional numerical model. It is clarified that the current gain degrades with a decrease in emitter size, depending on the carrier lifetimes in the extrinsic base region. From the calculated results, it is shown that the emitter-size effect is suppressed for a very-thin-base or a graded-base structure. On the other hand, the effect is enhanced for a double-heterostructure. These results are explained by taking account of the electron-density profile in the extrinsic base region. The mechanism of a lateral diffusion of electrons into the extrinsic base region is also discussed.
Distal ureteral calculi: diagnosis by transrectal sonography (1986)

Eight patients were studied by both transrectal sonography and excretory urography for the presence of distal ureteral calculi. The sonographic diagnosis was correct in 5 of 5 true positives and 3 of 3 true negatives. Urography was correct in 4 of 5 true positives and 2 of 3 true negatives. None of the sonograms and two of the urograms were considered equivocal. Transrectal sonography appears to be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of distal ureteral calculi when excretory urography is equivocal or contraindicated.
[Clinical study of gentamycin-loaded chitosan drug delivery system]. (1998)

An clinical and pharmacokinetic study for a drug delivery system (DDS) of gentamycin-loaded chitosan bar were carried out with the purpose to evaluate its efficacy and giving further data for its clinical applications. Eighteen cases of chronic osteomyelitis were treated by surgical necrectomy with implantation of gentamycin-load chitosan bar in the prepared bone cavity. After operation, the concentration of gentamycin in serum and wound drainage fluid were examined at different times and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) as well. The clinical results were evaluated by the conditions of wound healing and clinical and roentgenographic manifestations. The results showed that the serum gentamycin concentration reached its peak level (0.86 microgram/ml) at 24 hours after operation and lasted for 4 days. No increase in the concentrations of BUN and Cr were observed after implantation. The gentamycin concentration in wound drainage fluid was several hundred times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for staphylococcus aureus. All of the 18 cases were followed up for 24.8 months (in an range of 6-34 months) 16 patients received initial cure and without any recurrence. So, it could be concluded that the gentamycin-loaded chitosan DDS was a simple and effective method for the treatment of chronic osteomylitis without the necessity to carry out a second operation to remove the drug carrier, and it was sound to popularize its clinical application.
Field calibration using the energy distribution of a free-space field ionization (1977)

Utilizing free-space field ionization, a new method of field calibration for field ion emitters has been developed. Plotting the differences of relative energy deficits of free-space ionized H2, D2, or Kr for sets of various applied voltages V against the logarithm of the voltage ratios yields a field factor k from which the surface field F0=V/krtip is obtained with 3% accuracy. Refinement of this method also enabled us to determine the local radii of the specimen tip. In addition to new and more reliable data of evaporation fields of various materials, such as W, Mo, Rh, Ir, Pt, and Ni, it has revealed several significant facts on the geometrical shape of the emitter.
Production of low molecular weight chitosan by hot dilute sulfuric acid (2010)

A new method was developed for production of low molecular weight chitosan, in which high molecular weight chitosan was treated with dilute sulfuric acid at 120°C. Chitosan was dissolved in the acid solution in a few minutes, and as depolymerized to low molecular weight chitosan by longer times. Low molecular weight chitosan was recovered from the acid by cooling down the solution and increasing the pH to 8-10. A low molecular weight chitosan with Mv (viscosity average molecular weight) of 174×103 was prepared from a high molecular weight chitosan (Mv = 1,388×103) with 82% recovery by using 72 mM sulfuric acid solution for 30 min. Increasing the time to 240 min reduced the Mv to 24×103, though the recovery of chitosan was reduced to 54%. Higher concentrations of acid (216 and 360 mM) resulted in higher depolymerization degrees and lower recoveries of chitosan in identical treatment times. Analysis of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine showed that the prepared low molecular weight chitosan had more than 80% purity.
Bull Semen Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Nucleosidase (1973)

Abstract The substrate specificity of bull semen NAD nucleosidase for various NAD analogs was studied. It was found that NAD, NADP, and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide served well as substrates for the enzyme. The enzyme also catalyzed the hydrolysis of nicotinamide mononucleotide, 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 3-acetylpyridine hypoxanthine dinucleotide, 3-pyridinealdehyde adenine dinucleotide, thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and 3-pyridinealdehyde hypoxanthine dinucleotide but at much slower rates. The hydrolysis of NADH, NADPH, and α-NAD was found not to be catalyzed by the enzyme. The enzyme was observed to be inhibited noncompetitively in the presence of nicotinamide; however, it was observed not to catalyze a pyridine base exchange reaction. Product inhibition patterns with nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphoribose were consistent with an Ordered Uni Bi reaction in which nicotinamide is the first product released by the enzyme.
Lixiviació de nutrients i producció de maduixot. Efectes del maneig de la fertirrigació (1999)

L'estudi desenvolupa a escala d'explotacio agricola un model de gestio de l'aigua i dels fertilitzants per al cultiu del maduixot en sols sorrencs d'elevada permeabilitat, amb l'objectiu de reduir l'efecte contaminant derivat de l'us intensiu de fertilitzants en aquest conreu, sense renunciar a la productivitat. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que la utilitzacio conjunta de solucions nutritives de concentracio reduida i el criteri de reg, a partir de mesures de tanc d'evaporacio, permeten un us mes eficient de l'aigua i els fertilitzants i que es mantenen els nivells productius i la qualitat.
Connected Components inO(log3/2n) Parallel Time for the CREW PRAM (1997)

Finding the connected components of an undirected graphG=(V, E) onn=|V| vertices andm=|E| edges is a fundamental computational problem. The best known parallel algorithm for the CREW PRAM model runs inO(log2 n) time usingn2/log2 nprocessors. For the CRCW PRAM model, in which concurrent writing is permitted, the best known algorithm runs inO(log n) time using slightly more than (n+m)/log nprocessors. Simulating this algorithm on the weaker CREW model increases its running time toO(log2 n). We present here a simple algorithm that runs inO(log3/2 n) time usingn+mCREW processors. Finding ano(log2 n) parallel connectivity algorithm for this model was an open problem for many years.
Study on extraction of insoluble dietary fiber from Ormund pomace (2007)

Insoluble dietary fiber was extracted from Ormund pomace by alkali dissolution. Single factor tests were made on the 4 factors influencing extraction rate (ratio of material to solution,concentration of alkaline, reaction temperature and reaction time) and the optimal extraction technology was determined by L9(34) orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the ratio of material to solution 1 : 10,the concentration of alkaline 0.5 mol/L,the reaction temperature 65℃ and the reaction time 1.5 h could lead to the yield as high as 41.81%.
Role and functions of MCRS1 in liver disease (2020)

The liver is one of the major metabolic organs in the body. Among its functions, we find detoxification of compounds, production of enzymes and metabolites important for digestion and nutrient processing, and energy metabolism. It is a quiescent organ during homeostasis, however, its regenerative capacity increases during injury. Different factors can trigger damage in the liver, including hepatitis B and C virus infection, alcohol abuse and toxin poisoning. During liver injury, fibrotic and regenerative responses of the tissue play an essential role in the recovery of homeostasis. When the damage gets chronic, fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis, which leads to impairment of liver function. Cirrhosis is clinically considered a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only 1-3% of patients with cirrhotic liver undergo into HCC development. Due to the lack of genetic mouse models of cirrhosis recapitulating features of the human disease, mechanisms of this disease and its contribution to liver cancer are still poorly understood. In this thesis project, we generated the first genetic mouse model of liver cirrhosis by depleting MCRS1 protein specifically in hepatocytes. Using this unique genetic tool, we dissected the events that lead to cirrhosis and cancer. In particular, we described that MCRS1 is an essential regulator of liver homeostasis that binds to chromatin to modulate gene expression through histone acetylation. MCRS1 loss increases histone acetylation in regulatory regions of bile acid transporter genes, altering their expression and causing bile acid accumulation in the liver, cell injury and fibrosis. Moreover, MCRS1 depletion downregulates the urea cycle, impairing the detoxification of ammonia and causing toxic hyperammonemia. Finally, we described that MCRS1 loss protects from tumorigenesis, whereas MCRS1 overexpression increases tumor burden in mice. MCRS1 is also expressed in human HCC samples and correlated with proliferative capacity. These findings shed light into the relationship between cirrhosis and HCC, suggesting that cirrhosis might be a protective mechanism during tumor progression. The usage of compounds that modulate MCRS1 expression may represent a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of cirrhosis and HCC, impacting patients’ quality of life and survival.
Relative configurations of the chiral 2,7- and 3,7-dimethyl-7-(methoxymethyl)cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative configurations of the chiral 2,7- and 3,7-dimethyl-7-(methoxymethyl)cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienesJohn E. Baldwin and Bruce M. BrolineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1385–1391Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
War in Australia, or Australia at War With Itself: David Ireland's Burn (1986)

In Burn, his fourth published novel, 1 Ireland uses war - and violence - to develop a number of his perceptions of Australians and their society. Some of the images of the repressive and destructive nature of respectable, institutionalized society which characterized The Chantic Bird and The Unknown Industrial Prisoner, 2 are here the backdrop against which Ireland presents a group of descendants of those who had inhabited the land before the arrival of the English. The novel presents an evocative picture of a day in the life of a blacks' camp, that outermost fringe of respectable (white) Australian society.
Towards Controlled Graft Polymerization of Poly[styrene‐<i>co</i>‐(maleic anhydride)] on Functionalized Silica Mediated by Oxoaminium Bromide Salt. Facile Synthetic Pathway Using Nitroxide Chemistry (2007)

Abstract A TEMPO bromide salt is used to functionalize a silica surface with nitroxyl moieties. The functionalization reaction takes place in 48 h under mild conditions. In a second step, grafts of styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer are grown from the functionalized silica surface by heating it in the presence of the monomers. FT‐IR and TGA analysis show that the silica was first functionalized with nitroxide moieties, and then that grafts of styrene‐maleic anhydride grew from the functionalized silica surface. A reaction mechanism is proposed in order to explain the findings. The results suggest that the oxoaminium salts are good candidates for the functionalization and grafting of surfaces that contain hydroxy groups and for the generation of hybrid materials with improved properties. magnified image
Thermal characterization of high performance MCP with silicon spacer having low thermal impedance (2005)

This paper presents the thermal optimization of a thermally enhanced FBGA MCP (multichip package). Because of insufficient heat path from top chip to PCB, heat is trapped between chips as shown in computer simulations. To solve the heat trap problem, we designed and developed a thermally enhanced MCP with a silicon spacer, which was applied to a 144 FBGA MCP. An experiment was carried out to verify the thermal characteristics of the thermally enhanced MCP, concerning structural variation and replacement of the adhesive. The experimental results showed that the thermal resistance of the MCP is improved and the low thermal conductive adhesive material is an important heat path barrier.