gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controllable Side-by-Side and End-to-End Assembly of Au Nanorods by Lyotropic Chromonic Materials (2008)

We present a simple and universal technique for assembling gold nanorods (NRs) using self-assembled stacks of lyotropic chromonic materials, without covalent bonding between NRs and the linking agent. The anisotropic electrostatic interaction between the chromonic stacks and NRs allows one to achieve either side-by-side or end-to-end assembly, depending on the surface charge of NRs. The assembled superstructures are stable within an extended temperature range; the degree of NR aggregation can be controlled by a number of factors influencing the self-assembly of chromonic materials, such as the concentration and pH of the solution.
An Associative Memory with oscillatory CNN arrays using spin torque oscillator cells and spin-wave interactions architecture and End-to-end Simulator (2012)

An Associative Memory is built by three consecutive components: (1) a CMOS preprocessing unit generating input feature vectors from picture inputs, (2) an AM cluster generating signature outputs composed of spintronic oscillator (STO) cells and local spin-wave interactions, as an oscillatory CNN (O-CNN) array unit, applied several times arranged in space, and (3) a classification unit (CMOS). The end to end design of the preprocessing unit, the interacting O-CNN arrays, and the classification unit is embedded in a learning and optimization procedure where the geometric distances between the STOs in the O-CNN arrays play a crucial role. The O-CNN array has an input vector as a 1D array of oscillator frequencies, and the synchronized O-CNN array codes the output as the phases of the output 1D array. The typical O-CNN array has 1-3 rows of STOs. Simplified STO and interaction macro models are used. A typical example is shown using an End-to-end Simulator.
A uniquely packaged internal inverted-F antenna for Bluetooth or wireless LAN application (2002)

A uniquely packaged internal inverted-F antenna is proposed for Bluetooth or wireless local area network (WLAN) application. The antenna is printed on the inside surface of the stylus holder of a personal digital assistant (PDA) or a smart phone. The proposed antenna operates within 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) throughout the entire Bluetooth band (2.4-2.485 GHz). The bandwidth of the antenna is 11% with the stylus inserted, while it is 12.4% without it. The radiation pattern of the antenna is very nearly uniform in the planes of interest.
Clinical and Serological Responses to Plague Vaccine U.S.P. (1973)

Abstract : Twenty-nine volunteers were administered a basic inoculation and two booster doses of plague vaccine. Reactogenicity was determined following each dose of vaccine, and sera for serological tests were collected at selected intervals over a period of 390 days. The vaccine was found to be of low reactogenicity. Thirty days after the initial dose of vaccine, 86 per cent of the subjects produced detectable HA antibodies. Subsequent booster doses of vaccine stimulated increased production of HA antibody, which persisted longer with each successive dose. Individuals developing an HA antibody titer of 1:128 or greater had MPI values of 10 or less. CF antibody in low titer developed following the first and second booster doses of vaccine in 19 per cent and 17 per cent.
Anaerobic Codigestion of Kitchen Waste with Cattle Manure for Biogas Production (2009)

Kitchen waste (KW), cattle manure (CM), and the mixture of KW and CM were anaerobically digested. The performances of single digestion with KW or CM and of codigestion with KW and CM were investigated and compared. Two loading rates of 10 and 20 g volatile solid (VS) L−1 were used for KW, CM, and their mixture digestion, respectively. NaOH was used as supplementary for KW, and sulfuric acid pretreatment was used for CM to explore the effects of alkalinity and acidification on methane production to verify the roles of codigestion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the structural changes of CM fibers. The results showed that the codigestion of KW and CM increased methane yield by 44% as compared to the single digestion of KW, and the increase could be attributed to the synergistic effect in the codigestion process. A 32% more methane yield was achieved for the KW with NaOH addition than raw KW, which was due to increased alkalinity and buffering capacity. The methane yield and VS reduction for acid-pretreated CM were 116 and 74% higher than raw CM. SEM analysis showed that the structural changes of CM fibers were helpful for methane production. The results showed that codigestion could obtain better and stable performances and might be one of many options for efficient biogas production.
The Problem-Oriented Medical Synopsis: a patient-centered clinical information system. (1993)

A clinical information system consists of four major components: the clinical database, decision support, data analysis (including outcomes), and the development system. We have created such a system using generally available database methodology. The clinical database, for record-keeping, is called the Problem-Oriented Medical Synopsis, and is quite an old system, originating in 1966. We describe the suitability of a problem-oriented model of clinical records management to the relational model of database design, and describe our experience with the database as a departmental information system for patient care and outcomes research. Hybrid, or partially problem-oriented, databases represent an acceptable approach to clinical record-keeping.
Space-and-Time Efficient Parallel Garbage Collector for Data-Intensive Applications (2010)

As multithreaded server applications and runtime systems prevail, garbage collection is becoming an essential feature to support high performance systems, especially those running data-intensive applications. The fundamental issue of garbage collector (GC) design is to maximize the recycled space with minimal time overhead. This paper proposes two innovative solutions: one to improve space efficiency, and the other to improve time efficiency. To achieve space efficiency, we propose the Space Tuner that utilizes the novel concept of allocation speed to reduce wasted space. Conventional static space partitioning techniques often lead to inefficient space utilization. The Space Tuner adjusts the heap partitioning dynamically such that when a collection is triggered, all space partitions are fully filled. To achieve time efficiency, we propose a novel parallelization method that reduces the compacting GC parallelization problem into a tree traversal parallelization problem. This method can be applied for both normal and large object compaction. Object compaction is hard to parallelize due to strong data dependencies such that the source object can not be moved to its target location until the object originally in the target location has been moved out. Our proposed algorithm overcomes the difficulties by dividing the heap into equal-sized blocks and parallelizing the movement of the independent blocks. It is noteworthy that these proposed algorithms are generic such that they can be utilized in different GC designs. The proposed techniques have been implemented in Apache Harmony JVM and we evaluated the proposed algorithms with SPECjbb and Dacapo benchmark suites. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed algorithms greatly improve space utilization and the corresponding parallelization schemes are scalable, which brings time efficiency.
MR-Based Attenuation Correction Methods for Improved PET Quantification in Lesions Within Bone and Susceptibility Artifact Regions (2013)

For soft-tissue lesions, none of the evaluated methods showed statistically significant errors. For bone lesions, significant underestimations of -16% and -11% occurred for methods in which bone tissue was ignored (SEG1 and SEG2). In the present attenuation correction schemes, uncorrected MR susceptibility artifacts typically result in reduced attenuation values, potentially leading to highly reduced PET standardized uptake values, rendering lesions indistinguishable from background. While AT&PR and SEG2wBONE show accurate results in both soft tissue and bone, SEG2wBONE uses a two-step approach for tissue classification, which increases the robustness of prediction and can be applied retrospectively if more precision in bone areas is needed.
Stability of carbon nitride solids (1994)

An ab initio variable-cell-shape molecular-dynamics algorithm is used to investigate the stability of three carbon nitrides with composition ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$. The hexagonal \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ structure, which has been the subject of earlier investigations, is refined and its metastability is verified. Two other metastable structures are identified: a structure resembling zinc-blende CN with one C vacancy per cubic cell and a structure resembling graphitic CN with one C vacancy per four N sites. Both the refined \ensuremath{\beta} phase and the cubic phase have compressibilities comparable to that of diamond. The graphitic and the \ensuremath{\beta} phases lie very close in energy and are slightly favored over the cubic phase.
Calcium Carbonate Powder as a Phosphate Binder (1989)

With increasing recognition of problems regarding the use of aluminum hydroxide as a phosphate binder, calcium carbonate has become the medication of choice. Use of calcium has, however, frequently been associated with development of hypercalcemia. At this institution, calcium carbonate powder as a phosphate binder, examination of its efficacy, and the frequency of hypercalcemia with its use were of great interest. Calcium carbonate powder (CalCarb-HD, 2.4 gms elemental calcium/packet) (CalCarb-HD, Lafayette Pharmacal Inc., Fort Worth, TX) was used in the study. Twenty-one end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (17 hemodialysisand 4 chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) were chosen and converted from their previous binder (primarily, calcium carbonate tablets) to calcium powder. The dosage was adjusted to keep phosphorus levels at 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dl and calcium < 11.5 mg/dl. At 2 months, the average calcium level in the 16 patients remaining in the study was 9.2 mg/dl, and the average phosphorus level was 5.2 mg/dl with an average calcium dose of 1.4 packets/day. By 7 months, the 8 patients remaining in the study had an average calcium level of 9.9 mg/dl with an average phosphorus level of 5.5 mg/dl; average calcium dose was 1.8 packets/day. Total episodes of hypercalcemia (calcium greater than 11.5 mg/dl) were two. Calcium carbonate powder appears to be an effective phosphate binder in the ESRD population. The relatively few episodes of hypercalcemia may be related to possible enhanced bioavailability of the compound secondary to its powdered form.
Bibliographical Notes (1966)

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Thermal conductivity of B–C–N and BN nanotubes (2005)

We have measured the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity κ(T) of boron–carbon–nitride (B–C–N) and boron nitride (BN) nanotube mats between room temperature and 20K. For both materials, κ(T) increases with increasing temperature, with no sign of saturation. We employ an analysis method to estimate the intrinsic κ(T) of BN nanotubes converted from B–C–N nanotubes, and find that at room temperature κ(T) of a multiwalled BN nanotube can be comparable to that of a multiwalled carbon nanotube and may exceed it if made isotopically pure. At low temperature, the functional form of κ(T) reflects dimensional confinement.
Rate of Virologic Failure and Selection of Drug Resistance Mutations Using Different Triple Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Combinations in HIV-Infected Patients (2006)

Virologic failure seems to occur more frequently in HIV-infected patients treated with triple nucleoside analogue (NA) combinations than with regimens including nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors. However, the rate of failure and resistance profiles may differ with distinct triple NA combinations. A retrospective review of all HIV-infected individuals who received triple NA combinations at our institution was conducted. Virologic failure was defined as lack of achievement of plasma HIV-RNA<50 copies/ml at week 16 following initiation of antiretroviral therapy or as viral rebound in subjects with prior undetectable viremia. Genotypic analyses were performed at the time of first virological failure. Of the 261 patients identified, 13 were drug naive, 126 had underwent simplification, and 122 were antiretroviral-experienced patients with detectable viral load. Virologic failure was recorded in 95 (36.4%) after an average follow-up of 19 months. Rates were 0.67 in drug-naive, 0.55 in simplification, and 2.38 in rescue interventions for 100 persons-month follow-up. Factors associated with virologic failure in the multivariate Cox regression analysis were rescue vs naive or simplification strategies (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.6-4.2) and using tenofovir as part of the combination (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.3-3.2). In contrast, the use of AZT prevented virologic failure (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.3-0.8). M184V was the most frequent resistance mutation (75.4%), followed by T215Y (52.5%) and K65R (14.8%). Of note, K65R did not develop in patients taking AZT nor in those with prior thymidine-associated mutations (TAMs). Conversely, subjects who developed K65R did not accumulate TAMs. Virologic failure is relatively frequent in patients treated only with triple NA regimens, particularly in the setting of rescue therapy. The use of TDF might be associated with a higher risk of virologic failure and, conversely, AZT might be protective. The presence of TAMs precluded the selection of K65R in patients treated with TDF. Resistance pathways for TDF and thymidine analogues seem to be divergent and could be the basis to explore a synergism between these drugs.
Rapid Communication: Neuropeptide Expression and Processing as Revealed by Direct Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Single Neurons (1994)

Neuropeptides were directly detected in single identified neurons and the neurohemal area of peptidergic (neuroendocrine) systems in the Lymnaea brain by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The samples were placed in matrix solution and ruptured to allow mixing of cell contents with the matrix solution. After formation of matrix crystals, the analytes were analyzed by MALDI-MS. It was surprising that clean mass spectra were produced, displaying extreme sensitivity of detection. In one of the neuroendocrine systems studied, we could demonstrate for the first time, by comparing the peptide patterns of soma and of neurohemal axon terminals, that processing of the complex prohormone expressed in this system occurs entirely in the soma. In the other system studied, novel peptides could be detected in addition to peptides previously identified by conventional molecular biological and peptide chemical methods. Thus, complex peptide processing and expression patterns could be predicted that were not detected in earlier studies using conventional methods. As the first MALDI-MS study of direct peptide fingerprinting in the single neuron, these experiments demonstrate that MALDI-MS forms a new and valuable approach to the study of the synthesis and expression of bioactive peptides, with potential application to single-cell studies in vertebrates, including humans.
Coronary artery implantation of arterial switch operation-"L" shape incision at the pulmonary artery wall (2008)

Objective To report the preliminary experience of using L shape incision of the pulmonary artery wall for coronary artery implantation of arterial switch operation (ASO).Methods Between September 2004 and January 2007,25 patients with TGA and IVS/VSD,or TBA were corrected surgically by ASO.Rapid two-stage ASO was done in 4 cases.The operation was performed under conventional anesthesia and extracorpored circulation without deep hypothermia and low-flow perfusion.The coronary buttons were implanted in trap-door incisions (the incision of L shape) at the adjacent pulmonary artery wall.Results The heart beat recovered spontaneously and there was no episode of clinical myocardial ischemia during the early postoperative period.4 postoperative deaths were not related to without myocardial ischemia.16 cases have been followed up for 1-28 months.Heart function was grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in all patients.Conclusion L shape incision is preferable to making hole or U shape excision at the adjacent pulmonary artery wall.It increases the length and decreases the chance of kinking of the coronary artery after implanted.

Key words: 
Transposition of great vessels; Coronary vessel anomalies ; Myocardial revascularization; Cardiac surgical procedures
Biosolids Treatment and Management: Processes for Beneficial Use (1996)

Biosolids characterization, treatment and use - an overview federal regulatory requirements conditioning and dewatering digestion composting heat drying and other theramal processes alkaline stabilization land application.
Highlight microdisparity for improved gloss depiction (2012)

Human stereo perception of glossy materials is substantially different from the perception of diffuse surfaces: A single point on a diffuse object appears the same for both eyes, whereas it appears different to both eyes on a specular object. As highlights are blurry reflections of light sources they have depth themselves, which is different from the depth of the reflecting surface. We call this difference in depth impression the "highlight disparity". Due to artistic motivation, for technical reasons, or because of incomplete data, highlights often have to be depicted on-surface, without any disparity. However, it has been shown that a lack of disparity decreases the perceived glossiness and authenticity of a material. To remedy this contradiction, our work introduces a technique for depiction of glossy materials, which improves over simple on-surface highlights, and avoids the problems of physical highlights. Our technique is computationally simple, can be easily integrated in an existing (GPU) shading system, and allows for local and interactive artistic control.
Functional Mutation of Multiple Solvent-Exposed Loops in the Ecballium elaterium Trypsin Inhibitor-II Cystine Knot Miniprotein (2011)

The Ecballium elaterium trypsin inhibitor (EETI-II), a 28-amino acid member of the knottin family of peptides, contains three interwoven disulfide bonds that form multiple solvent-exposed loops. Previously, the trypsin binding loop of EETI-II has been engineered to confer binding to several alternative molecular targets. Here, EETI-II was further explored as a molecular scaffold for polypeptide engineering by evaluating the ability to mutate two of its structurally adjacent loops.
Turbidimetric Studies of Growth Inhibition of Yeasts with Three Drugs: Inquiry into Inoculum-Dependent Susceptibility Testing, Time of Onset of Drug Effect, and Implications for Current and Newer Methods (1978)

Susceptibility testing with the broth-dilution visual end-point method is inoculum dependent with miconazole and 5-fluorocystosine, but not with amphotericin B. Turbidimetric measurements of yeast growth in the presence of antifungal drugs were therefore performed. With miconazole and 5-fluorocytosine, over the range of concentrations studied, growth occurred until a plateau phase was reached. With drug present prior to log phase growth, a delayed onset of effect was noted which was proportional to the generation time of the organism. With amphotericin B, in contrast, there was sharp transition with increasing drug concentration from no inhibition to complete arrest of growth, and no relation of onset of effect to generation time. These findings provide a possible explanation of inoculum dependence; i.e., at higher inocula, partially inhibited but growing yeasts become visible at higher drug concentrations. Supporting evidence derives from observations with different starting inocula, varying time of reading end points, and other methods of studying growth inhibition. The delay in miconazole and 5-fluorocytosine effect described suggests that rapid methods of susceptibility testing should be utilized with cultures already in log phase.
[Bioimpedance analysis--a new method in prediction and early detection of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?]. (2009)

Patients in risk of OHSS development are those with decreasing impedances. The highest predictive value of OHSS development is for the impedances at frequency of 5 kHz. Greater multicenter studies should be done to confirm our preliminary results.
A Light-Driven Switch Based on Photochromic Dihydroindolizines (1998)

A molecular switching device based on a photochromic dihydroindolizine (DHI) with non-destructive read-out capacity (see Figure for a schematic representation of the erasable dual-mode optical switch) is presented. Two different DHIs based on a pyridazine and a chinoline heterocycle have been investigated and the results show that these systems can be of potential use for non-destructive readout optical memory.
Evaluation of the D-SPECT System: geometry considerations and respiratory motion (2012)

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica (Radiações em Diagnóstico e Terapia), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012
LevelUp: A thin-cloud approach to game livestreaming (2020)

Game livestreaming is hugely popular and growing. Each month, Twitch hosts over two million unique broadcasters with a collective audience of 140 million unique viewers. Despite its success, livestreaming services are costly to run. AWS and Azure both charge hundreds of dollars to encode 100 hours of multi-bitrate video, and potentially thousands each month to transfer the video data of one gamer to a relatively small audience.In this work, we demonstrate that mobile edge devices are ready to play a more central role in multi-bitrate livestreaming. In particular, we explore a new strategy for game livestreaming that we call a thin-cloud approach. Under a thin-cloud approach, livestreaming services rely on commodity web infrastructure to store and distribute video content and leverage hardware acceleration on edge devices to transcode video and boost the video quality of low-bitrate streams. We have built a prototype system called LevelUp that embodies the thin-cloud approach, and using our prototype we demonstrate that mobile hardware acceleration can support real-time video transcoding and significantly boost the quality of low-bitrate video through a machine-learning technique called super resolution. We show that super-resolution can improve the visual quality of low-resolution game streams by up to 88% while requiring approximately half the bandwidth of higher-bitrate streams. Finally, energy experiments show that LevelUp clients consume only 5% of their battery capacity watching 30 minutes of video.
Bridging the gap (1988)

The use of simulation in the design stages of complex control systems has warranted the development of new methodology for transferring logic from model to actual system. This paper emphasizes the importance of maintaining simulation integrity during actual system implementation and presents four methods to aid in accomplishing this. These four methods of logic transfer are discussed and compared using the example of an AGV system simulation.
Steelwork Corrosion Control (1991)

Steelwork Corrosion Control is a comprehensive revision and updating of a similar book by the authors, published in 1985. As with the previous book, it is designed principally for engineers, architects and designers for whom the protection of structural steelwork is an important, albeit a comparatively minor, part of their total professional activi