gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The WD Motif-containing Protein Receptor for Activated Protein Kinase C (RACK1) Is Required for Recruitment and Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 through the Type I Interferon Receptor (2001)

An obligatory step in the activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) by cytokines is their docking to specific receptors via phosphotyrosines. However, this model does not address whether STATs pre-associate with their corresponding receptor or exist free in the cytoplasm before receptor activation. In this report, we demonstrate that pre-association of STAT1 with the receptor is required for type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Interestingly, the interaction between the human type I IFN receptor and STAT1 is not direct but mediated by the adapter protein receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1). Disruption of the IFNalpha receptor-RACK1 interaction abolishes not only IFNalpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 but also activation of STAT2, indicating that RACK1 plays a central role in early signaling through the Jak-STAT pathway. These findings demonstrate the involvement of RACK1 in STAT1 activation and raise the possibility that other STATs may pre-associate with cytokine receptors through similar adapter-STAT-mediated interactions.
A sensitive, high resolution magic angle turning experiment for measuring chemical shift tensor principal values (1998)

A sensitive, high-resolution ‘FIREMAT’ two-dimensional (2D) magic-angle-turning experiment is described that measures chemical shift tensor principal values in powdered solids. The spectra display spinning-sideband patterns separated by their isotropic shifts. The new method's sensitivity and high resolution in the isotropic-shift dimension result from combining the 5π magic-angle-turning pulse sequence, an extension of the pseudo-2D sideband-suppression data rearrangement, and the TIGER protocol for processing 2D data. TPPM decoupling is used to enhance resolution. The method requires precise synchronization of the pulses and sampling to the rotor position. It is shown that the technique obtains 35 natural-abundance 13C tensors from erythromycin in 19 hours, and high quality natural-abundance 15N tensors from eight sites in potassium penicillin V in three days on a 400 MHz spectrometer.
Histogram analysis of JPEG compressed images as an aid in image deblocking (2002)

Summary form only given, substantially as follows. Transform coded images suffer from specific image degradations. In the case of standard JPEG compression/decompression the image quality losses are known to be blocking effects resulting from mean value discontinuities along the 8*8 pixel block boundaries as well as ringing artifacts due to the limited precision of the reconstruction from linear combinations of quantized or discarded basis functions. The most evident consequence of JPEG compression is the fragmentation of image histograms mainly caused by blocking in low activity image subareas. The histogram of the image shows spikes that contain most of the signal amplitudes, the other values are distributed on the remaining permissible levels. As a measure of the blocking effect, the blocking factor is defined as the ratio of the spikes area to the total area of image histogram. This method represents a promising approach to the control of locally adaptive image deblocking when the necessary enhancement depends on the local image characteristics. The blocking factor is easy to compute and provides a direct measure of the local image degradation due to blocking. A new deblocking algorithm is proposed.
Natural Environment Illumination: Coherent Interactive Augmented Reality for Mobile and Non-Mobile Devices (2017)

Augmented Reality offers many applications today, especially on mobile devices. Due to the lack of mobile hardware for illumination measurements, photorealistic rendering with consistent appearance of virtual objects is still an area of active research. In this paper, we present a full two-stage pipeline for environment acquisition and augmentation of live camera images using a mobile device with a depth sensor. We show how to directly work on a recorded 3D point cloud of the real environment containing high dynamic range color values. For unknown and automatically changing camera settings, a color compensation method is introduced. Based on this, we show photorealistic augmentations using variants of differential light simulation techniques. The presented methods are tailored for mobile devices and run at interactive frame rates. However, our methods are scalable to trade performance for quality and can produce quality renderings on desktop hardware.
Wet clutch load modeling for powershift transmission bench tests. (2014)

In this thesis a model is developed for calculating the loads on the wetclutches in apowershift transmission. This thesis was done at Volvo CE in Eskilstuna and is focusedon their 4-speed countershaft transmissions. The goal of the project is to be able tocalculate the loads automatically during the transmission tests and thus acquire increasedknowledge about what occurs during operation.The model was developed by first generating a number of concepts and then evalu-ating them to decide which one should be developed further. The chosen concept wasthen developed further and implemented into the test equipment as a calculation script.The chosen loads to model were the energy absorbed in each clutch, the coefficient offriction (COF) and the slip distance. The COF was later found to give too unreliableresults to be used in any other way than as a benchmark for how well the model wasconfigured and to see any large changes in COF.The model was validated by calculating the energy absorbed in a HTE-200 seriestransmission and comparing it to a reference calculation model. It was seen that theresults from the new model are very close to the reference result. The energy lostcalculated by the new model will be equal to 94 % of the energy lost calculated by thereference model, but only when measuring the inertia phase. The energy lost is equalto 135 % when the torque phase is included. The increasing difference is believed tobe because of an error in the reference model that means it does not cover the torquephase.
Mutations in the <i>midway</i> Gene Disrupt a Drosophila Acyl Coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (2002)

During Drosophila oogenesis, defective or unwanted egg chambers are eliminated during mid-oogenesis by programmed cell death. In addition, final cytoplasm transport from nurse cells to the oocyte depends upon apoptosis of the nurse cells. To study the regulation of germline apoptosis, we analyzed the midway mutant, in which egg chambers undergo premature nurse cell death and degeneration. The midway gene encodes a protein similar to mammalian acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which converts diacylglycerol (DAG) into triacylglycerol (TAG). midway mutant egg chambers contain severely reduced levels of neutral lipids in the germline. Expression of midway in insect cells results in high levels of DGAT activity in vitro. These results show that midway encodes a functional DGAT and that changes in acylglycerol lipid metabolism disrupt normal egg chamber development in Drosophila.
Amplitude modulated micro Coulter counter for high throughput counting of microparticles (2008)

We present the design, fabrication and testing of a multiplexed multichannel Coulter counter. The micromachined device is used to achieve high throughput for counting microparticles. Multiplexed detection is achieved by amplitude modulation of signals from individual channels, requiring only one set of detection electronics. Preliminary testing results using 30μm polystyrene particles demonstrate the feasibility of the multiplexed detection principle using both single and multiple channel sensors. The multiplexed detection principle can be extended to a larger number of channels to further improve the throughput.
Prevalence and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children: a population-based study from Germany (1998)

Our results showed a large variation in prevalence of H. pylori infection in children living in the same geographical area according to nationality. They indicate an association between living conditions in early childhood and H. pylori infection and indicate that H. pylori associated morbidity may evolve very differently in population subgroups living in the same area.
Single longitudinal mode operation of long, integrated passive cavity InGaAsP lasers (1985)

We propose a new 1.3-μm wavelength InGaAsP laser—the integrated passive cavity (IPC) laser—and demonstrate its device performances compared with conventional lasers fabricated under similar procedures. The long IPC laser (3.55-mm-long passive cavity), as well as the short IPC laser, exhibited single frequency oscillation even just above the threshold, and the maximum ratio of longitudinal main to submode exceeded 30 dB. They also showed favorable effects in the oscillation frequency stabilization.
Kininase II from Human Semmal Plasma. Isolation and Properties (1988)

A rapid and highly efficient procedure for purification of kininase II from human seminal plasma is described. After ultra centrifugation, the enzyme was purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B CL and ion exchange chromatography followed by affinity chromatography of EDTA-inhibited enzyme on bradykinin-Sepharose. The enzyme was specifically inhibited by Captopril and BPP9a but not by phosphoramidon. PAGE in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions resulted in two major protein bands with apparent molecular masses of about 55 kDa and 65 kDa and two faint protein bands at higher molecular masses. Antibodies raised against the major protein bands showed full cross reactivity with all four protein bands. The presented data indicate that kininase II consists of subunits.
Nitrogen Metabolism and Insulin Requirements in Obese Diabetic Adults on a Protein-Sparing Modified Fast (1976)

A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), which is a total fast modified by the intake of 1.2-1.4 gm. protein per kilogram ideal body weight (IBW), fluids ad libitum, and vitamin and mineral supplementation, allows effective control of carbohydrate metabolism and hunger. It reduces serum glucose and insulin concentrations in obese diabetic patients and increases free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations; ketonuria appears within 24-72 hours. When this fast was applied to seven obese adult-onset diabetics who were receiving 30-100 units of insulin per day, insulin could be discontinued after 0-19 days (mean, 6.5). In the three patients who had extensive nitrogen-balance studies, balance could be maintained chronically by 1.3 gm. protein per kilogram IBW, despite the gross caloric inadequacy of the diet. The PSMF was tolerated well in an outpatient setting after the initial insulin-withdrawal phase had occurred in the hospital. Significant improvements in blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, and cardiorespiratory, symptoms were associated with weight loss and/or the PSMF. For diabetics with some endogenous insulin reserve, the PSMF offers significant advantages for weight reduction, including preservation of lean body mass (as reflected in nitrogen balance) and withdrawal of exogenous insulin.
The Structure-Taste Relationships of the Dipeptide Esters Composed of <scp>l</scp>-Aspartic Acid and β-Hydroxy Amino Acids (1974)

Abstract In order to evaluate the contribution of a hydroxyl group to the degree of sweetness of aspartyl dipeptides, we have synthesized a number of α-l-aspartyl dipeptides, such as the esters of α-l-aspartyl-l-hydroxynorleucine (16 and 17), -O-acyl-l-serine (18–21), -d-serine (22–28), -d-threonine (30–36), and -d-allothreonine (37–43); their sweetness potencies were compared with those of the corresponding dipeptides without a hydroxyl group. It has been found that a hydroxyl group makes a major contribution to the sweetness of the α-l-aspartyl dipeptide esters. Trie introduction of a hydroxyl group into the l-l peptides gave compounds with reduced potency. However, no such regularity was observed in the l–d peptides; the esters of α-l-aspartyl-d-serine (22–28) and -d-threonine (30–36) were sweeter than the corresponding esters of α-l-aspartyl-d-alanine and -d-α-amino-n-butyric acid respectively, while the esters of α-l-aspartyl-d-allothreonine (37–43) were less sweet than the corresponding esters of α-l-aspartyl-d-α-amino-n-butyric acid. The enzymatic resolution of N-acetyl-erythro- and -threo-β-hydroxy-Dl-norleucine is also described.
Presentation Quality Forecast Visualization with SAS/GRAPH® (2007)

A statistical forecast is useless without sharp, attractive and informative graphics to present it. SAS/GRAPH® can produce superior results without resorting to exporting the data and drawing in Microsoft Excel. This case study demonstrates this simplicity using a few macros that make it possible to generate production quality forecast, confidence interval and other forecast-specific visualizations for appropriate SAS procedures. Methods for dealing with odd date intervals and usefully displaying difficult datetime axis values are explored. The ANNOTATE facility is used to help with displaying model and additional date information. A method for displaying confidence intervals as regions is shown as well as a way to produce separate regions for different types of data. Use of SYMBOL, AXIS and LEGEND statements is discussed along with details for using fonts, colors and lines to make the graphics look magazine worthy.
Development in fish vaccinology with focus on delivery methodologies, adjuvants and formulations. (2009)

Sustainable development in aquaculture is equivalent to disease prevention, and vaccination has become the single most important tool. There has been a dramatic reduction in use of antibiotics in Norwegian salmon farming since the introduction of oil-based vaccines. Today, it is an industry standard in all salmon-producing countries, and we are seeing a similar approach being adopted in Japan for farming high value species. Fish can be vaccinated by immersion and the oral route, however, the protection falls short compared to injection vaccination. Interesting new technologies have emerged over the last 5 years, particularly injection of a single dose of naked DNA into the fish muscle. Nevertheless, the prospect of having a commercial product on the market within 5 years is meagre. New technologies are promising but it is more likely there will be improvements of existing vaccines than completely new technologies taking over the fish vaccination scene in the next 5-10 years.
On the Equivalence Between One-Dimensional Discrete Walsh-Hadamard and Multidimensional Discrete Fourier Transforms (1979)

It is shown that the discrete Walsh–Hadamard transform applied to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> one-dimensional data is equivalent to the discrete n-dimensional Fourier transform applied to the same 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> data arranged on the binary n-cube. A similar relationship is valid for the generalized discrete Walsh transform suggested by Andrews and Caspari. This relationship explains the theorem concerning the shift invariance of the power spectrum for the Walsh–Hadamard transform and its generalizations.
Therapeutic targeting of replicative immortality (2015)

One of the hallmarks of malignant cell populations is the ability to undergo continuous proliferation. This property allows clonal lineages to acquire sequential aberrations that can fuel increasingly autonomous growth, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Innate cellular mechanisms have evolved to regulate replicative potential as a hedge against malignant progression. When activated in the absence of normal terminal differentiation cues, these mechanisms can result in a state of persistent cytostasis. This state, termed "senescence," can be triggered by intrinsic cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction and oncogene expression, and by exogenous factors such as DNA damaging agents or oxidative environments. Despite differences in upstream signaling, senescence often involves convergent interdependent activation of tumor suppressors p53 and p16/pRB, but can be induced, albeit with reduced sensitivity, when these suppressors are compromised. Doses of conventional genotoxic drugs required to achieve cancer cell senescence are often much lower than doses required to achieve outright cell death. Additional therapies, such as those targeting cyclin dependent kinases or components of the PI3K signaling pathway, may induce senescence specifically in cancer cells by circumventing defects in tumor suppressor pathways or exploiting cancer cells' heightened requirements for telomerase. Such treatments sufficient to induce cancer cell senescence could provide increased patient survival with fewer and less severe side effects than conventional cytotoxic regimens. This positive aspect is countered by important caveats regarding senescence reversibility, genomic instability, and paracrine effects that may increase heterogeneity and adaptive resistance of surviving cancer cells. Nevertheless, agents that effectively disrupt replicative immortality will likely be valuable components of new combinatorial approaches to cancer therapy.
Branched-chain amino acids increase p70<sup>S6k</sup> phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise (2004)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise alone or in combination with oral intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on phosphorylation of the 70-kDa S6 protein kinase (p70(S6k)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle. Seven male subjects performed one session of quadriceps muscle resistance training (4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum) on two occasions. In a randomized order, double-blind, crossover test, subjects ingested a solution of BCAA or placebo during and after exercise. Ingestion of BCAA increased plasma concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine during exercise and throughout recovery after exercise (2 h postexercise), whereas no change was noted after the placebo trial. Resistance exercise led to a robust increase in p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Ser(424) and/or Thr(421), which persisted 1 and 2 h after exercise. BCAA ingestion further enhanced p70(S6k) phosphorylation 3.5-fold during recovery. p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Thr(389) was unaltered directly after resistance exercise. However, during recovery, Thr(389) phosphorylation was profoundly increased, but only during the BCAA trial. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 was also increased in the recovery period only during the BCAA trial. Exercise led to a marked increase in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which was completely suppressed upon recovery and unaltered by BCAA. In conclusion, BCAA, ingested during and after resistance exercise, mediate signal transduction through p70(S6k) in skeletal muscle.
A scalable, low cost design-for-test architecture for UltraSPARC/spl trade/ chip multi-processors (2003)

An emerging trend in microprocessor architecture for servers is to design chips with multiple processor cores on a chip called chip multi-processors (CMPs). Due to the short design cycle time and large size of these chips, the design-for-testability and testing of such chips is a major challenge. In this paper we describe a hierarchical DFT architecture for UltraSPARC/spl trade/ CMPs that is scalable with number of processor cores and can be implemented in a very short design cycle time. The DFT architecture allows testing of the processor cores individually for diagnosis as well as concurrently to reduce test application time and thus test cost. The DFT architecture can be easily ported across CMPs with different numbers of processor cores as well as to higher order CMPs designed by putting together CMPs.
Immigration, Crime, and Criminal Justice (2013)

Abstract Immigration and crime are an old topic that has fluctuated as a public concern over centuries from the vagrancy laws of the Middle Ages to today's campaign against human trafficking. Many but not all criminological studies have found that immigrants appear to be less involved in crime than natives. Despite such findings, the public continues to believe that immigrants are crime‐prone. Anti‐immigrant prejudice varies by a country's experience with immigration. Second‐generation immigrants tend to be more involved in crime than natives but not everywhere. Research on immigrants and crime is seriously hampered by the lack of data regarding the immigrant status of criminals and victims. Studies indicate that immigrants are primarily the victims of other immigrants for conventional crime. Living in ethnic enclaves tends to protect immigrants from intergroup conflict but exposes them to intragroup conflict. The deportation of immigrants who have committed crimes has contributed to new crime problems in less‐developed countries as well as the growth of transnational gangs. The criminalization of immigration policy has provided governments with a means to achieve crime control objectives via immigration rules which do not abide by the traditional safeguards against the unfair use of power or the infliction of excessive punishment.
Circuit design implementing longitudinal coupling: A scalable scheme for superconducting qubits (2016)

We present a circuit construction for a fixed-frequency superconducting qubit and show how it can be scaled up to a grid with strictly local interactions. The circuit QED realization we propose implements ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{z}$ type coupling between a superconducting qubit and any number of $LC$ resonators. The resulting longitudinal coupling is inherently different from the usual ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{x}$ type transverse coupling, which is the one that has been most commonly used for superconducting qubits. In a grid of fixed-frequency qubits and resonators with a particular pattern of always-on interactions, coupling is strictly confined to nearest and next-nearest neighbor resonators; there is never any direct qubit-qubit coupling. We note that just a single unique qubit frequency suffices for the scalability of this scheme. The same is true for the resonators, if the resonator-resonator coupling constants are varied instead. A controlled phase gate between two neighboring qubits can be realized with microwave drives on the qubits, without affecting the other qubits. This fact is a significant advantage for the scalability of this scheme.
The adiponectin paralog CORS‐26 has anti‐inflammatory properties and is produced by human monocytic cells (2005)

The adiponectin paralog CORS-26 (collagenous repeat-containing sequence of 26kDa protein) is a member of the C1q/TNF-alpha molecular superfamily. CORS-26 is a secreted protein and baculovirus-produced CORS-26 released in the supernatant of insect cells forms stable trimers. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-treated monocytic cells and CORS-26 also reduces IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion but does not increase IL-10. Suppression of NFkappaB signalling may explain the anti-inflammatory actions of CORS-26. Furthermore CORS-26 protein was detected in human monocytic and dendritic cells. The present data demonstrate for the first time that CORS-26 forms trimers, exerts anti-inflammatory properties and that it is expressed in monocytic cells. Therefore CORS-26 may provide a new target for pharmacological drugs in inflammatory diseases like the metabolic syndrome.