gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skyhook and H8 Control of Semi-active Suspensions: Some Practical Aspects (2003)

Abstract Summary This paper deals with single-wheel suspension car model. We aim to prove the benefits of controlled semi-active suspensions compared to passive ones. The contribution relies on H 8 control design to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications, and on control validation through simulation on an exact nonlinear model of the suspension. Note that we define semi-active suspensions as control systems incorporating a parallel spring and an electronically controlled damper. However, the type of damper used in automotive industry can only dissipate energy. No additional force can be generated using external energy. The control issue is then to change, in an accurate way, the damping (friction) coefficient in real-time. This is what we call semi-active suspension. For this purpose, two control methodologies, H 8 and Skyhook control approaches, are developed, using a linear model of the suspension, and compared in terms of performances using industrial specifications. The performance analysis is done using the control-oriented linear model first, and then using an exact nonlinear model of the suspension incorporating the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension spring and damper.
Effectiveness of chest compression feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in lateral tilted and semirecumbent positions: a randomised controlled simulation study (2015)

Feedback devices have been shown to improve the quality of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients in the supine position, but no studies have reported the effects of feedback devices on chest compression when the chest is tilted. Basic life support-trained providers were randomly assigned to administer chest compressions to a manikin in the supine, 30° left lateral tilt and 30° semirecumbent positions, with or without the aid of a feedback device incorporated into a smartphone. Thirty-six participants were studied. The feedback device did not affect the quality of chest compressions in the supine position, but improved aspects of performance in the tilted positions. In the lateral tilted position, the median (IQR [range]) chest compression rate was 99 (99-100 [96-117]) compressions.min(-1) with and 115 (95-128 [77-164]) compressions.min(-1) without feedback (p = 0.05), and the proportion of compressions of correct depth was 55 (0-96 [0-100])% with and 1 (0-30 [0-100])% without feedback (p = 0.03). In the semirecumbent position, the proportion of compressions of correct depth was 21 (0-87 [0-100])% with and 1 (0-26 [0-100])% without feedback (p = 0.05). Female participants applied chest compressions at a more accurate rate using the feedback device in the lateral tilted position but were unable to increase the chest compression depth, whereas male participants were able to increase the force of chest compression using the feedback device in the lateral tilted and semirecumbent positions. We conclude that a feedback device improves the application of chest compressions during simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation when the chest is tilted.
Coupled One-Step Reverse Transcription and Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Cloning Large cDNA Fragments (2003)

Although Thermus aquaticus (Taq) and Thermus thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerases have the ability to reverse transcribe RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA) and subsequently amplify the target cDNA, they are not usually the first choices for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) (1-4). Because they only synthesize short cDNA fragments, their use is not widespread. In general, avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), or moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) reverse transcriptases (RTs) are used to reverse transcribe RNA to cDNA templates for subsequent PCR. Previous coupled methods are also unable to amplify large cDNA fragments and, thus, they are suitable only for the detection of gene expression (5-8). The onestep RT-PCR procedure presented here was developed to amplify large cDNA fragments suitable for cloning full-length open reading frames (ORFs) encoding rat LH/ CG receptor isoforms (9-12). As we all know, the construction of clones, including library screening and restriction mapping, by conventional cloning methods is very laborious and difficult.
Robust helicopter position control at hover (2005)

Position control for a radio controlled helicopter at hover is carried out using H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// methods. Various problems arising in real-world tests are stated and solved by different means: prefilters are used to achieve step responses without overshoot. For plants with more outputs than inputs; a special H/sub /spl infin// design scheme is used. The implicit inversion of the plant in the H/sub /spl infin// controller can cause problems. This inversion can be avoided by a new scheme for weighting the sensitivity.
Sustained Induction of NF-κB Is Required for Efficient Expression of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2007)

Cells harboring infectious, but transcriptionally latent, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviruses currently pose an insurmountable barrier to viral eradication in infected patients. To better understand the molecular basis for HIV-1 latency, we used the J-Lat model of postintegration HIV-1 latency to assess the kinetic relationship between the induction of NF-kappaB and the activation of latent HIV-1 gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed an oscillating pattern of RelA recruitment to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) during continuous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment to the HIV-1 LTR closely mirrored RelA binding. Transient stimulation of cells with TNF-alpha for 15 min induced only a single round of RelA and RNA Pol II binding and failed to induce robust expression of latent HIV-1. Efficient formation of elongated HIV-1 transcripts required sustained induction by NF-kappaB, which promoted de novo synthesis of Tat. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) and serine-2-phosphorylated RNA Pol II were rapidly recruited to the HIV-1 LTR after NF-kappaB induction; however, these elongating polymerase complexes were progressively dephosphorylated in the absence of Tat. Okadaic acid promoted sustained serine-2 phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II and stimulated efficient transcriptional elongation and HIV-1 expression in the absence of Tat. These findings underscore important differences between NF-kappaB and Tat stimulation of RNA Pol II elongation. While NF-kappaB binding to the HIV-1 LTR induces serial waves of efficient RNA Pol II initiation, elongation is impaired by the action of an okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase that dephosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II. Conversely, the action of this phosphatase is overcome in the presence of Tat, promoting very efficient RNA Pol II elongation.
Using Decision Lists to Construct Interpretable and Parsimonious Treatment Regimes (2015)

A treatment regime formalizes personalized medicine as a function from individual patient characteristics to a recommended treatment. A high-quality treatment regime can improve patient outcomes while reducing cost, resource consumption, and treatment burden. Thus, there is tremendous interest in estimating treatment regimes from observational and randomized studies. However, the development of treatment regimes for application in clinical practice requires the long-term, joint effort of statisticians and clinical scientists. In this collaborative process, the statistician must integrate clinical science into the statistical models underlying a treatment regime and the clinician must scrutinize the estimated treatment regime for scientific validity. To facilitate meaningful information exchange, it is important that estimated treatment regimes be interpretable in a subject-matter context. We propose a simple, yet flexible class of treatment regimes whose members are representable as a short list of if-then statements. Regimes in this class are immediately interpretable and are therefore an appealing choice for broad application in practice. We derive a robust estimator of the optimal regime within this class and demonstrate its finite sample performance using simulation experiments. The proposed method is illustrated with data from two clinical trials.
Resolution of the methane mono-oxygenase of <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath) into three components. Purification and properties of component C, a flavoprotein (1978)

1. Ion-exchange chromatography resolves the methane mono-oxygenase from soluble extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) into three fractions. 2. Fractions A and B are comparatively stable at 0 degrees C, whereas fraction C is very unstable unless kept in the presence of sodium thioglycollate (1-10 mM) or dithiothreitol (5-10mM). 3. The active component from fraction C was purified some 80-fold. 4. Purified component C has mol. wt. 42000. Its solutions are yellow with absorption maxima at 270 and 465 nm and a shoulder at 395 nm. The 465 nm peak is abolished by reduction with NADH or sodium dithionite, or by photoreduction in the presence of EDTA. A new spectral species, probably a neutral flavin semiquinone, is observed on partial reduction of component C. 5. No copper was detected in samples of purified component C, but the protein contains 1.3-1.5 atoms of iron/molecule. 6. On boiling, component C releases a yellow-green fluorescent material that has been identified as FAD from its absorption and fluorescence spectra and by t.l.c. 7. Component C contains 1 mol of FAD/mol of protein.
Generation of mice with a conditional allele for G6pc (2009)

Glucose-6-phosphatase-alpha (G6Pase-alpha or G6PC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose and is a key enzyme in interprandial glucose homeostasis. Mutations in the human G6PC gene, expressed primarily in the liver, kidney, and intestine, cause glycogen storage disease Type Ia (GSD-Ia), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a disturbed glucose homeostasis. For better understanding of the roles of G6Pase-alpha in different tissues and in pathological conditions, we have generated mice harboring a conditional null allele for G6pc by flanking Exon 3 of the G6pc gene with loxP sites. We confirmed the null phenotype by using the EIIa-Cre transgenic approach to generate mice lacking Exon 3 of the G6pc gene. The resulting homozygous Cre-recombined null mice manifest a phenotype mimicking G6Pase-alpha-deficient mice and human GSD-Ia patients. This G6pc conditional null allele will be valuable to examine the consequence of tissue-specific G6Pase-alpha deficiency and the mechanisms of long-term complications in GSD-Ia.
Thermal detectors as X-ray spectrometers (1984)

Sensitive thermal detectors should be useful for measuring very small energy pulses, such as those produced by the absorption of X-ray photons. The measurement uncertainty can be very small, making the technique promising for high resolution nondispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The limits to the energy resolution of such thermal detectors are derived and used to find the resolution to be expected for a detector suitable for X-ray spectroscopy in the 100 eV to 10,000 eV range. If there is no noise in the thermalization of the X-ray, resolution better than 1 eV full width at half maximum is possible for detectors operating at 0.1 K. Energy loss in the conversion of the photon energy to heat is a potential problem. The loss mechanisms may include emission of photons or electrons, or the trapping of energy in long lived metastable states. Fluctuations in the phonon spectrum could also limit the resolution if phonon relaxation times are very long. Conceptual solutions are given for each of these possible problems.
Design and analysis of a novel probe-feeding method for stacked microstrip patch antennas (2004)

A patch antenna is an excellent choice for wireless, vehicular and other advanced communication applications. We describe a central-feeding scheme which is a useful antenna arrangement to obtain two band responses where space is a constraint, with good isolation between the two bands. Good impedance matching of less than -10 dB was obtained at the two frequencies with no large pattern imbalance. This new method of feeding has a potential advantage for use in communication receivers, in feed arrays for illuminating reflectors, and in communication vehicles for remote sensing applications. With a variation in the feeding method, dual-polarization and array configurations can be incorporated.
Peptide science in the years to come (2002)

Bioactive peptides, exhibit a remarkable range of biological properties, but their utilization for clinical purposes such as diagnostic or therapeutics has some serious drawbacks and disadvantages. The main obstacles are their susceptibility to attack by proteolytic enzymes, their poor bioavailability, and for some of them, the difficulty of exerting centra I nervous effects after peripheral administration. Many efforts will be made in the near future by peptide chemists, in diverse areas of therapeutics such as the search of new drugs, active on the nervous system and capable of producing those typical, analgesic effects which led to the clinical use of opiates, but devoid of undesirable properties. Another object deals with anti-microbial peptides. Under the selective pressure exerted by the use and misuse of conventional antibiotics, bacteria are rapidly gaining resistance to these drugs and the search for novel antibacterial agents is in high demand.
Toll‐Like Receptors (2015)

Abstract The mammalian Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family consists of 13 members, and recognizes specific patterns of microbial components, called pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR‐dependent recognition of PAMPs leads to activation of the innate immune system, which subsequently leads to activation of antigen‐specific adaptive immunity. The TLR‐mediated signaling pathways consist of the MyD88‐dependent pathway and TRIF‐dependent pathway, both of which induce gene expression. This unit discusses mammalian TLRs (TLR1 to 13) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms. Also discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
explAIner: A Visual Analytics Framework for Interactive and Explainable Machine Learning (2019)

We propose a framework for interactive and explainable machine learning that enables users to (1) understand machine learning models; (2) diagnose model limitations using different explainable AI methods; as well as (3) refine and optimize the models. Our framework combines an iterative XAI pipeline with eight global monitoring and steering mechanisms, including quality monitoring, provenance tracking, model comparison, and trust building. To operationalize the framework, we present explAIner, a visual analytics system for interactive and explainable machine learning that instantiates all phases of the suggested pipeline within the commonly used TensorBoard environment. We performed a user-study with nine participants across different expertise levels to examine their perception of our workflow and to collect suggestions to fill the gap between our system and framework. The evaluation confirms that our tightly integrated system leads to an informed machine learning process while disclosing opportunities for further extensions.
Radiolocalization of Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenografts in Nude Mice with Radiolabeled Chimeric Fab Fragments of Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Monoclonal Antibody A10 (1995)

Recombinant mouse-human chimeric Fab fragments of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody (MAb) A10 react with various GI carcinomas. We tested radiolocalization of pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice using radiolabeled chimeric A10 Fab fragments, comparing them with murine Fab fragments and parental MAb. For mice injected with chimeric A10 Fab fragments, we obtained significantly higher uptake in tumors than in normal tissues at 24 and 48 h after injection. In addition, tumor/normal tissues labeling ratios for chimeric A10 Fab fragment were significantly greater than those for murine MAb at 24 h postinfusion. However, no significant difference in biodistribution was observed between chimeric and murine Fab fragments. In autoradiography imaging studies, we obtained clearer tumor detection without visible uptake in normal organs for chimeric Fab fragments than for murine MAb. These results suggest that chimeric Fab fragments of A10 could be a potentially useful candidate for radioimmunodetection of pancreatic carcinomas.
Dense Depth Estimation in Monocular Endoscopy With Self-Supervised Learning Methods (2019)

We present a self-supervised approach to training convolutional neural networks for dense depth estimation from monocular endoscopy data without a priori modeling of anatomy or shading. Our method only requires monocular endoscopic videos and a multi-view stereo method, e.g., structure from motion, to supervise learning in a sparse manner. Consequently, our method requires neither manual labeling nor patient computed tomography (CT) scan in the training and application phases. In a cross-patient experiment using CT scans as groundtruth, the proposed method achieved submillimeter mean residual error. In a comparison study to recent self-supervised depth estimation methods designed for natural video on in vivo sinus endoscopy data, we demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the previous methods by a large margin. The source code for this work is publicly available online at https://github.com/lppllppl920/EndoscopyDepthEstimation-Pytorch.
16.7 A fully-integrated half-duplex data/power transfer system with up to 40Mb/s data rate, 23mW output power and on-chip 5kV galvanic isolation (2016)

Galvanic isolation is becoming an essential requisite for several low-power applications, such as sensor interfaces and medical devices. In the last years, different solutions of silicon-integrated data transmission with galvanic isolation have been proposed that are based on RF links [1], capacitive couplings [2] or integrated coreless transformers [3]. As far as the power transfer is concerned, a dedicated link exploiting a discrete transformer is the typical solution. State-of-the-art devices currently adopt post-processed technologies and thick Au metals to implement the power link [4]. In this work, a fully integrated system is demonstrated for galvanically isolated power and bidirectional half-duplex data transfer by using a single integrated transformer [5].
Allergy and immunology of the eye (1979)

Principles of general immunology mechanisms of immune reactivity the ocular immune response diseases affecting the eye and the skin immunology of ocular infections the eye and systemic infections ocular diseases with immunologic features arthritic and connective tissue disorders allergic and multisystem diseases neurologic and endocrine diseases corneal transplantation ocular tumors.
Digital Radiography of the Chest Using a Computed Tomography Instrument (1979)

Digital radiography (DR) was compared with conventional chest radiography in patients with mediastinal adenopathy, sarcoidosis, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Contrast resolution was improved by the new technique, offering a wider latitude and edge enhancement. While small, low-contrast details were resolved best by conventional radiography, DR was superior for resolution of nodules. With further improvement of spatial and contrast resolution, DR could become the preferred technique of chest radiography.
Safe, Compact and Portable System for Regional Chemotherapeutic Hyperthermic Perfusion Procedures (1993)

Perfusion techniques utilizing hyperthermic chemotherapy have been established as a successful modality of therapy for isolated metastatic malignant melanoma. The combination of chemotherapeutic agents (Dactinomycin, thiotepa and Mechlorethamine HCl) given in high doses, not possible systemically, combined with hyperthermia (40-42 degrees C) in an isolated extremity has shown greater tumor regression compared with systemic medication only. Many of the isolated limb perfusion procedures are performed in non-cardiac centers, especially at specialized cancer institutions. This often presents new obstacles for the perfusionist including lack of adequate perfusion equipment and disposables. Other obstacles include unfamiliarity of the operating room staff with the heart-lung machine and inappropriate and/or unsafe handling of the perfusion circuit. In order to overcome these obstacles and enhance safety, portability and effectiveness, the authors have developed an isolated limb perfusion system. The purpose of this study was to compare the parameters of treatment and long term outcomes demonstrated by our system and method, to previously published data. The qualitative comparative analysis was performed between eight treatments with this type of perfusion system and outcome data previously published. It is the authors' conclusion that the portable isolated limb perfusion system achieved all of the required parameters to provide safe and effective treatment for this type of melanoma. No demonstrated variation of the long term clinical results in our patient population was seen when compared to previously published data.
On the nature of the Vorob’evs effect in pulse breakdown of solid dielectrics (2005)

The Vorob’evs effect consists in certain features of the discharge observed when a solid dielectric in contact with two rodlike electrodes is placed in a liquid dielectric medium and a voltage pulse with increasing front is applied to the electrodes. When the pulse front slope is small, the discharge develops in the liquid over the solid dielectric surface; whereas the discharge at a sufficiently large slope of the pulse front penetrates into the solid and produces its fracture with cleavage of the surface fragments. In order to explain this phenomenon, it is suggested that, at a sufficiently high voltage buildup rate, a displacement current that is related to the motion of the surface discharge plasma passes through a microprotrusion occurring on the electrode surface at the contact site and causes the electric explosion of this microprotrusion. The metal plasma jet generated as a result of this explosion penetrates into the solid dielectric and forms a discharge channel in depth of this material. The surface discharge plasma formed at a small slope of the voltage pulse front closes the electrode circuit, thus preventing the discharge penetration in depth of the solid.
On universal quantization by randomized uniform/lattice quantizers (1992)

Uniform quantization with dither, or lattice quantization with dither in the vector case, followed by a universal lossless source encoder (entropy coder), is a simple procedure for universal coding with distortion of a source that may take continuously many values. The rate of this universal coding scheme is examined, and a general expression is derived for it. An upper bound for the redundancy of this scheme, defined as the difference between its rate and the minimal possible rate, given by the rate distortion function of the source, is derived. This bound holds for all distortion levels. Furthermore, a composite upper bound on the redundancy as a function of the quantizer resolution that leads to a tighter bound in the high rate (low distortion) case is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Do effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes give insight into potential use in non-diabetic kidney disease? (2017)

Based on prominent nonglycemic effects, the clinical use of SGLT-2i as renoprotective therapy may extend to nondiabetic chronic kidney diseases subtypes, which could help to address a large, unmet clinical need.