gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logical provenance in data-oriented workflows? (2013)

We consider the problem of defining, generating, and tracing provenance in data-oriented workflows, in which input data sets are processed by a graph of transformations to produce output results. We first give a new general definition of provenance for general transformations, introducing the notions of correctness, precision, and minimality. We then determine when properties such as correctness and minimality carry over from the individual transformations' provenance to the workflow provenance. We describe a simple logical-provenance specification language consisting of attribute mappings and filters. We provide an algorithm for provenance tracing in workflows where logical provenance for each transformation is specified using our language. We consider logical provenance in the relational setting, observing that for a class of Select-Project-Join (SPJ) transformations, logical provenance specifications encode minimal provenance. We have built a prototype system supporting the features and algorithms presented in the paper, and we report a few preliminary experimental results.
The UP Element Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Growth Rate-Dependent Control of the <i>Escherichia coli guaB</i> Promoter (2008)

The Escherichia coli guaB promoter (P(guaB)) regulates the transcription of two genes, guaB and guaA, that are required for de novo synthesis of GMP, a precursor for the synthesis of guanine nucleoside triphosphates. The activity of P(guaB) is subject to growth rate-dependent control (GRDC). Here we show that the A+T-rich sequence located between positions -59 and -38 relative to the guaB transcription start site stimulates transcription from P(guaB) approximately 8- to 10-fold and, in common with other UP elements, requires the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit for activity. Like the rrnB P1 UP element, the P(guaB) UP element contains two independently acting subsites located at positions -59 to -47 and -46 to -38 and can stimulate transcription when placed upstream of the lacP1 promoter. We reveal a novel role for the P(guaB) UP element by demonstrating that it is required for GRDC. The involvement of the UP element in GRDC also requires the participation of sequences located at least 100 bp upstream of the guaB transcription start site. These sequences are required for down-regulation of P(guaB) activity at lower growth rates.
Hydrogen bonding and molecular mobility in liquid water in external electromagnetic fields (2003)

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of water have been performed in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble in the presence of external electromagnetic fields of varying intensity in the microwave to far-infrared frequency range, using a rigid/polarizable and a flexible/nonpolarizable potential model, from 260 to 400 K. Significant alterations in molecular mobility and hydrogen bonding patterns were found vis-à-vis zero-field conditions. In addition, the influence of the isothermal–isobaric ensemble on these observations was gauged by means of comparison with pure Newtonian simulation findings in the presence of external fields, and the former results were in reasonable accord with the latter.
Limitation of VSV infection by the host's response to VSV-associated cellular antigens. (1982)

It has been reported that during the maturation of enveloped viruses, host proteins such as H-2 antigens of the mouse associate with the budding viruses. This finding led us to investigate the possible biologic significance of this association. In our studies, we examined, with purified vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) from various sources, the in vivo infection of mice immunized with allogeneic tumors. Immunization of H-2k mice with an H-2d tumor caused the limitation of replication, within the spleen, of VSV derived from an H-2d cell line compared with the replication of VSV derived from an H-2k line. Conversely, immunization of H-2d mice with an H-2k tumor caused the limitation of replication of VSV derived from an H-2k cell line. Viral mixture experiments ruled out indirect inactivation or inhibition of virus replication by nonspecific factors, such as immune interferon, as having a major role in the observed limitation of VSV replication. We conclude that virus infections can be limited by an immune response directed against the specific host surface antigen that the virus carries in its envelope.
Facile, Efficient Conjugation of a Trifunctional Lanthanide Chelate to a Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligand (2002)

[reaction: see text] Receptor-mediated imaging and therapy of diseased tissue is rapidly gaining favor in the medical community. The synthesis and facile aqueous/organic coupling of a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligand to a cyclen-based fluorophore is described herein. The contrast agent QM-CTMC-PK11195, when chelated with lanthanides, produces bright luminescence and good MRI contrast and can potentially serve as an imaging and demarcation agent for certain types of cancers.
The total synthesis of the polyether antibiotic X-206 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe total synthesis of the polyether antibiotic X-206David A. Evans, Steven L. Bender, and Joel. MorrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2506–2526Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6106Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase Shifting Interferometry (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fundamental Concepts Advantages of PSI Methods of Phase Shifting Detecting the Wavefront Phase Data Collection PSI Algorithms Phase Shift Calibration Error Sources Detectors and Spatial Sampling Quality Functions Phase Unwrapping Aspheres and Extended Range PSI Techniques Other Analysis Methods Computer Processing and Output Implementation and Applications Future Trends for PSI
Electrical Optimization of PLAs (1985)

This work addresses the problem of improving an nMOS PLA's speed and power consumption through modifications to the transistor sizes in the PLA. A simplified model of gate delay (lumped RC model) is used that allows rapid estimation of delays thus allowing interactive computation of optimal transistor sizes. Algorithms are presented for: a) minimization of delay through the PLA b) minimization of power consumption subject to a bound on maximum delay. Both these minima are computed subject to bounds on the transistor sizes. A prototype electrical optimization tool was compared to the PLA generation tools in the Berkeley CAD tools package (eqntott and tpla). The maximum delay through a PLA can often be reduced by a factor of 2, and power consumption along the critical paths can be reduced by 10 - 30% without increasing maximum delay.
Transfectant mosaic spheroids: a new model for evaluation of tumour cell killing in targeted radiotherapy and experimental gene therapy (2002)

TMS provide a useful model for assessment of the effectiveness of targeted radiotherapy in combination with gene therapy when less than 100% of the target cell population is expressing the NAT transgene. Further, this novel model offers the unique opportunity to investigate radiation-induced bystander effects and their contribution to cell cytotoxicity in radiotherapy and other gene therapy applications.
Nanoscale field-effect transistors: An ultimate size analysis (1997)

We have used a simple, analytically solvable model to analyze the characteristics of dual-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with 10 nm-scale channel length L. The model assumes ballistic dynamics of two-dimensional electrons in an undoped channel between highly doped source and drain. When applied to silicon n-MOSFETs, calculations show that the voltage gain (necessary for logic applications) drops sharply at L∼10 nm, while the conductance modulation remains sufficient for memory applications until L∼4 nm.
Comet assay in human biomonitoring studies: Reliability, validation, and applications (1997)

The comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis), which measures DNA strand breaks at the level of single cells, is very easily applied to human lymphocytes, and therefore lends itself to human biomonitoring studies. For the examination of DNA base oxidation (a specific marker of oxidative damage), the assay is modified by including a stage at which the DNA is incubated with a suitable lesion-specific endonuclease. Here we report on the reliability and reproducibility of this approach, from the level of comparing results from duplicate gels prepared from the same sample of cells, up to an assessment of the natural intra- and interindividual variability in lymphocyte DNA damage measured in groups of normal, healthy human volunteers. We applied the assay in investigations of human disease and occupational exposure of factory workers.
Degradation Products of Trans‐β‐Carotene Produced during Extrusion Cooking (1988)

ABSTRACT Fifteen colored compounds, arising from the degradation of all‐trans‐ β‐carotene in extrusion cooking, were isolated by preparative column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPCL) and identified using chemical and spectrometric methods: six stereo‐isomers of β‐carotene, one diepoxide derivative, five apo‐carotenals, a polyene ketone, one dihydroxide derivative, and one monohydroxide diepoxide derivative. The HPLC fractionation might be useful in food quality control for varied applications.
COMBATTING NONLINEAR DISTORTION IN OPTICAL FIBRE TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS BY OPTIMUM DISPERSION COMPENSATION AND MODULATION FORMAT (2000)

The use of optical amplifiers in optical fibre communication systems has led to a situation where optical nonlinearities has become a major system limitation in long repeaterless high bitrate transmission systems. In this paper we present results from numerical studies of the interaction between dispersion and self phase modulation in 10–40 Gbit/s systems and presents design guidelines for such systems. We have found that optimised dispersion compensation can reduce the distortion caused by optical nonlinearities, hence allowing higher power levels in the fibre and thereby increasing the power budget and transmission distance.
Dictyostelium discoideum cells lacking the 34,000-dalton actin-binding protein can grow, locomote, and develop, but exhibit defects in regulation of cell structure and movement: a case of partial redundancy. (1996)

Cells lacking the Dictyostelium 34,000-D actin-bundling protein, a calcium-regulated actin cross-linking protein, were created to probe the function of this polypeptide in living cells. Gene replacement vectors were constructed by inserting either the UMP synthase or hygromycin resistance cassette into cloned 4-kb genomic DNA containing sequences encoding the 34-kD protein. After transformation and growth under appropriate selection, cells lacking the protein were analyzed by PCR analyses on genomic DNA, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Cells lacking the 34-kD protein were obtained in strains derived from AX2 and AX3. Growth, pinocytosis, morphogenesis, and expression of developmentally regulated genes is normal in cells lacking the 34-kD protein. In chemotaxis studies, 34-kD- cells were able to locomote and orient normally, but showed an increased persistence of motility. The 34-kD- cells also lost bits of cytoplasm during locomotion. The 34-kD- cells exhibited either an excessive number of long and branched filopodia, or a decrease in filopodial length and an increase in the total number of filopodia per cell depending on the strain. Reexpression of the 34-kD protein in the AX2-derived strain led to a "rescue" of the defect in the persistence of motility and of the excess numbers of long and branched filopodia, demonstrating that these defects result from the absence of the 34-kD protein. We explain the results through a model of partial functional redundancy. Numerous other actin cross-linking proteins in Dictyostelium may be able to substitute for some functions of the 34-kD protein in the 34-kD cells. The observed phenotype is presumed to result from functions that cannot be adequately supplanted by a substitution of another actin cross-linking protein. We conclude that the 34-kD actin-bundling protein is not essential for growth, but plays an important role in dynamic control of cell shape and cytoplasmic structure.
Structural Analysis of Protein Complexes with Sodium Alkyl Sulfates by Small-Angle Scattering and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2010)

Small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering is used to probe the structure of protein-surfactant complexes in solution and to correlate this information with their performance in gel electrophoresis. Proteins with sizes between 6.5 to 116 kDa are denatured with sodium alkyl sulfates (SC(x)S) of variable tail lengths. Several combinations of proteins and surfactants are analyzed to measure micelle radii, the distance between micelles, the extension of the complex, the radius of gyration, and the electrophoretic mobility. The structural characterization shows that most protein-surfactant complexes can be accurately described as pearl-necklace structures with spherical micelles. However, protein complexes with short surfactants (SC(8)S) bind with micelles that deviate significantly from spherical shape. Sodium decyl (SC(10)S) and dodecyl (SC(12)S, more commonly abbreviated as SDS) sulfates result in the best protein separations in standard gel electrophoresis. Particularly, SC(10)S shows higher resolutions for complexes of low molecular weight. The systematic characterization of alkyl sulfate surfactants demonstrates that changes in the chain architecture can significantly affect electrophoretic migration so that protein-surfactant structures could be optimized for high resolution protein separations.
The split-up system (1995)

structures proposed by Toulmin can be used to represent legal knowledge in a manner that enables rulebased reasoning to be integrated with neural networks.
UWB piconet interference suppression using clustered ternary orthogonal signaling scheme (2009)

This paper describes a transceiver design based on clustered ternary code sequences as a form of modulation in order to achieve good interference suppression with a low cost and low complexity implementation. The use of ternary code sequences allows for flexible receiver designs, so that the same transmitted signals can be detected by coherent, differential and non-coherent receivers. By applying cyclic-shifts on the base ternary code sequence, an inherent coding gain from orthogonal signaling can be achieved without any external channel coder. Our pulse-clustering proposal makes use of both time and code domains for greater SOP suppression than the pure time domain scheme commonly used in pulse position modulation (PPM). In addition, pulse-clustering transmission of ternary chips enables a low sampling rate at the receiver.
The binding number of lexicographic products of graphs (1985)

An enthesis refers to the interface at which a tendon or a ligament integrates into the periosteum. Its morphology can be influenced by intrinsic factors such as sex, age, and extrinsic factors such as levels of activity, which will in turn impact on bone remodeling and lead to morphological changes. In bioarcheology, entheseal changes have had a long tradition of being used for the reconstruction of past activities. The literature has shown that in some cases of osteoarthritis, entheseal changes are associated with osteoarthritic manifestations. This work aims to evaluate the relationship between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes. The studied materials consisted of 30 humeri and 30 femora from the osteological collection at St George's University of London. Intensities of both entheseal changes and osteodegenerative processes were macroscopically assessed and scored. The difference in scores of entheseal changes between osteoarthritic groups and nonosteoarthritic groups is statistically significant at a confidence level of 95% (α = .05) for both the humeri and femora. Results show a positive correlation between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes in the femora, suggesting that enthesis may play a role in osteoarthritis. Findings from this work supports the proposed hypothesis that the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteoarthritic manifestation are related. This work contributes to current knowledge that osteoarthritis is a disease involving the whole joint; the enthesis could potentially be a target for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
Induction of Broad-Based Immunity and Protective Efficacy by Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines Encoding Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (2015)

In this study, we describe protective immune responses in mice and ferrets after vaccination with a novel HA-based influenza vaccine. This novel type of vaccine elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. Although vaccine-specific antibodies are the key players in mediating protection from homologous influenza virus infections, vaccine-specific T cells contribute to the control of heterologous infections. The rapid production capacity and the synthetic origin of the vaccine antigen make the SAM platform particularly exploitable in case of influenza pandemic.
Coherent mode representation of a Bessel-correlated source and of the field it generates (1985)

The coherent mode expansion 1 of the cross-spectral density of a Bessel-correlated primary spherical source is presented. Explicit expressions for the coherent mode eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained. The dependence of the eigenvalues on the correlation length of the source is analyzed. The corresponding coherent mode expansion of the cross-spectral density of the field generated by this source is also investigated.
China's WTO Accession and Its Impact on China's Financial System (2003)

Proceedings of International Symposium on China's Economic Development and Structural Change in East Asia in Commemoration of the Foundation of Shanghai Center for Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University. February 8 and 9, 2003, Shirankaikan, Kyoto.
Efficient Detection of Membrane-Bound Nucleic Acids Using New Fluorescein Derivative (1996)

Abstract A number of fluorescein derivatives were synthesized and their fluorescent properties were studied. Phosphates of the fluorescein derivatives were tested for the alkaline phosphatase-linked fluorescence assay of membrane-bound DNA and were found to give high resolution for detection of DNA, in which DNA was detectable to the amount of 5 fg in the spot test and 0.1 pg in Southern blot hybridization.
Integrating visual information across camera movements with a visual-motor calibration map (1996)

Facing the competing demands for wider field of view and higher spatial resolution, computer vision will evolve toward greater use of foveal sensors and frequent camera movements. Integration of visual information across movements becomes a fundamental problem. We show that integration is possible using a biologically-inspired representation we call the visual-motor calibration map. The map is a memory-based model of the relationship between camera movements and corresponding pixel locations before and after any movement. The map constitutes a selfcalibration that can compensate for non-uniform sampling, lens distortion, mechanical misalignments, and arbitrary pixel reordering. Integration takes place entirely in a retinotopic frame, using a short-term, predictive visual memory. Introduction The competing demands for wider field of view and higher spatial resolution suggest that computer vision systems will inevitably progress towards the tradeoff that evolution selected for animal v...
Repulsive van der Waals Forces Self-Limit Native Oxide Growth (2015)

Silicon is one of the most studied materials, yet questions remain unanswered about its unusual property of growing a self-limiting native oxide that attains its final thickness in a matter of hours yet months later has not grown further. For the first time, we have explored this self-limiting growth in terms of repulsive van der Waals (vdW) forces generated by the combination of material properties inherent to the system. These repulsive forces represent an energy barrier preventing additional oxidizing chemicals, mainly oxygen and water, from adsorbing on the surface as well as hindering diffusion of those that do adsorb toward the interface. We have also proven that this native oxide can be increased in thickness at room temperature and without reactive species by changing the oxidation environment to one predicted by theory to result in attractive vdW forces, thus allowing oxygen/water to interact with the surface more freely.
Synthesen von 9‐Methyl‐2.3;6.7‐dibenzo‐carbazol, 9‐Methyl‐2.3;5.6‐dibenzo‐carbazol und Dinaphtho‐[2′.3′:2.3;2″.3″:5.6]‐carbazol (1965)

Abstract Die aus 9‐Methyl‐carbazol und Bernsteinsäureanhydrid zugängliche bekannte Säure V wurde über VI, Ringschluß zu VII, Hydrierung zu VIII und Selen‐Dehydrierung in das 9‐Methyl‐2.3;5.6‐dibenzo‐carbazol (IV) übergeführt. Analog bildet sich das 9‐Methyl‐2.3;6.7‐dibenzo‐carbazol (II). — Die Elbs‐Reaktion des 3.6‐Di‐o‐toluoyl‐carbazols (XII) gibt neben dem früher beschriebenen Dinaphthocarbazol XIII das Dinaphtho‐[2′.3′:2.3;2″.3″:5.6]‐carbazol (XIV), das auch durch Elbs‐Reaktion des Ketons XVIII zugänglich ist.