gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gene expression in the lung (1994)

Lung gene expression is regulated by a complex interaction of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors. With cloning of lung-specific genes, the mechanisms of transcriptional control of lung gene expression are beginning to be deciphered. This review focuses on expression are beginning to be deciphered. This review focuses on recent research that identifies cis-active sequences and trans-active proteins interacting to control expression of lung-specific genes. Delineating the mode of gene regulation is important in beginning to understand the mechanisms underlying the cellular differentiation required for fetal development of lung cells and recovery of lung cells from acute and chronic injury.
Policy-based Coordination in PAGODA: A Case Study (2007)

PAGODA (Policy And GOal Based Distributed Autonomy) is a modular architecture for specifying and prototyping autonomous systems. A PAGODA node (agent) interacts with its environment by sensing and affecting, driven by goals to achieve and constrained by policies. A PAGODA system is a collection of PAGODA nodes cooperating to achieve some mutual goal. This paper describes a specification of PAGODA using the Russian Dolls model of policy-based coordination. In PAGODA there are two forms of coordination: local and global. Local coordination is used to compose the components of a PAGODA node. The local coordinator is concerned with ensuring component level synchronization constraints, cross component message ordering constraints, routing of notifications, and interaction with the external world. The global coordinator is concerned with dissemination of information, negotiation of responsibilities, and synchronization of activities. Requirements for a PAGODA node coordinator are given and an example set of policies is specified. Principles for showing that the policies satisfy the requirements are discussed as a first step toward a logic of policy-based coordination. Development of a distributed coordinator is the subject of ongoing work. Some challenges and possible solutions are discussed.
Inference in MLS database systems (1996)

Database systems that contain information of varying degrees of sensitivity pose the threat that some of the low data may infer high data. This study derives conditions sufficient to identify such inference threats. First, it is reasoned that a database can only control material implications, as specified in formal logic systems. These material implications are found using knowledge discovery techniques. Material implications allow reasoning about outside knowledge, and provide the first assurance that outside knowledge does not assist in circumventing the inference controls. Database queries specify the properties of sets of data and are compared to help determine inferences. These queries are grouped into equivalence classes based upon their inference characteristics. A unique graph based model is developed for the equivalence classes that (1) makes such comparisons easy, and (2) allows implementation of an algorithm capable of finding those material implication rules where high data is inferred from low data. This is the first method that offers assurance and sufficiency arguments that the mechanism is at least strong enough to protect the high data in the database from inference attacks that require low data.
Development of a Transfer Function for a Personal, Thermophoretic Nanoparticle Sampler (2013)

Effective assessment of nanoparticle exposures requires accurate characterization of the aerosol. Of increasing concern is personal exposure to engineered nanoparticles that are specifically designed for use in the nanotechnology sector. This manuscript describes the operation and use of a personal sampler that utilizes thermophoretic force to collect nanoparticles onto a standard TEM (transmission electron microscope) grid. After collection, nanoparticles on the TEM grid are analyzed with an electron microscope, and the resultant data used to determine the characteristics of the nanoparticle aerosol sampled. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the inlet losses and collection efficiency of the thermophoretic sampler for particles between 20 and 600 nm in diameter. These results are used together with theory for thermophoretic velocity to form a transfer function that relates the properties of the collected particles to the properties of the sampled aerosol. The transfer function utilizes a ...
The Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) data compression algorithm for packet radio (2002)

The authors present the adaptive Lempel-Ziv-Welch general-purpose algorithm and its implementation suitable for packet radio, telephone transmission, and archival storage. While the statistical variable-length Huffman technique compresses text by 20%, the LZW technique can compress data (text, numeric, mixed, and bit-mapped images) by 40 to 60%. The adaptive LZW algorithm has very simple logic, leading to inexpensive and fast implementations. Good LZW implementations use 9- to 16-bit codes, handling most applications. A 12-bit code is suitable for medium-size files. Efficiency improves with larger codes. A tight coding of the algorithm can compress 75 Kbytes in a second on a 1-MIPS machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mikrobielle asymmetrische Katalyse — enantioselektive Reduktion von Ketonen (1984)

Die mikrobielle asymmetrische Reduktion von Ketonen wird sehr oft zur Herstellung chiraler Alkohole benutzt. Dieser Fortschrittsbericht beschäftigt sich mit den Gesetzmäßigkeiten, die der Enantioselektivität von Enzymen und intakten Zellen zugrundeliegen. Es werden Strategien zur Steuerung des stereochemischen Verlaufs mikrobieller Reduktionen und die Beziehung zwischen Substratstruktur und Enantioselektivität diskutiert.
Apparent Age Estimation Using Ensemble of Deep Learning Models (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of apparent age estimation. Different from estimating the real age of individuals, in which each face image has a single age label, in this problem, face images have multiple age labels, corresponding to the ages perceived by the annotators, when they look at these images. This provides an intriguing computer vision problem, since in generic image or object classification tasks, it is typical to have a single ground truth label per class. To account for multiple labels per image, instead of using average age of the annotated face image as the class label, we have grouped the face images that are within a specified age range. Using these age groups and their age-shifted groupings, we have trained an ensemble of deep learning models. Before feeding an input face image to a deep learning model, five facial landmark points are detected and used for 2-D alignment. We have employed and fine tuned convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are based on VGG-16 [24] architecture and pretrained on the IMDB-WIKI dataset [22]. The outputs of these deep learning models are then combined to produce the final estimation. Proposed method achieves 0.3668 error in the final ChaLearn LAP 2016 challenge test set [5].
Multi-factor data normalization enables the detection of copy number aberrations in amplicon sequencing data (2014)

Here we present ONCOCNV, a method that includes a multifactor normalization and annotation technique enabling the detection of large copy number changes from amplicon sequencing data. We validated our approach on high and low amplicon density datasets and demonstrated that ONCOCNV can achieve a precision comparable with that of array CGH techniques in detecting copy number aberrations. Thus, ONCOCNV applied on amplicon sequencing data would make the use of additional array CGH or SNP array experiments unnecessary.
Anisotropic correction of sonic logs in wells with large relative dip (2007)

Abstract Seismic reservoir characterization and pore-pressure prediction projects rely heavily on the accuracy and consistency of sonic logs. Sonic data acquisition in wells with large relative dip is known to suffer from anisotropic effects related to microanisotropy of shales and thin-bed laminations of sand, silt, and shale. Nonetheless, if anisotropy parameters can be related to shale content Vsh in siliciclastic rocks, then I show that it is straightforward to compute the anisotropy correction to both compressional and shear logs using Vsh and the formation relative dip angle. The resulting rotated P-wave sonic logs can be used to enhance time-depth ties, velocity to effective stress transforms, and low-frequency models necessary for prestack seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion.
Phase behavior of isolated skin lipids (1996)

Ceramides were isolated from the pig stratum corneum (SC) and mixed in varying molar ratios with either cholesterol or with cholesterol and free fatty acids. The phase behavior of the mixtures was studied by small-(SAXD) and wide-angle (WAXD) X-ray diffraction. Ceramides alone did not exhibit a long range ordering. Upon addition of cholesterol to ceramides, lamellar phases were formed and a hexagonal lateral packing was detected similar to that seen in intact SC. At a cholesterol/ceramide molar ratio of 0.1, only one reflection at 5.9 nm was observed. At a cholesterol/ceramide molar ratio of 0.2, three reflections corresponding to 12.3, 5.56, and 4.26 nm appeared. The reflections were based on two phases. Increasing the cholesterol/ceramide ratio to 0.4, the peak positions were slightly shifted. The diffraction pattern revealed the presence of two lamellar phases with periodicities of 12.2 and 5.2 nm, respectively. The positions of the peaks remained unchanged when the cholesterol/ceramide ratio was increased up to 1.0. At a cholesterol/ceramide molar ratio of 2.0, the intensity of various peaks based on the 12.2 nm phase decreased in intensity. The phase behavior of the cholesterol/ceramide mixtures in a ratio between 0.4 and 1.0 was very similar to that found in intact pig SC in which two lamellar phases with periodicities of 6.0 and 13.2 nm are present. Our data further indicate that the formation of the 5.2 nm lamellar phase requires a higher cholesterol content than the formation of the 12.2 nm lamellar phase. Furthermore, when the relative amount of cholesterol is very high, the 5.2 nm phase is the most pronounced one. Addition of free fatty acids increased the solubility of cholesterol, indicating the role free fatty acids may play for the skin barrier function. The phase behavior of cholesterol/ceramide/fatty acid mixtures was found to be dependent on the chain length of fatty acids used. Namely, addition of short-chain free fatty acids (C14-C18) did not change the periodicity of the 12.2 and 5.2 nm phases, but induced the formation of an additional 4.2 nm phase. In the presence of long-chain free fatty acids (C16-C26), the periodicity of the lamellar phases was slightly increased (to 13.0 and 5.3 nm, respectively) but no additional 4.2 nm phase was formed. These results indicate that the lipid phase behavior of the cholesterol/ceramide/free fatty acid mixtures closely mimics that of the intact stratum corneum only in the presence of long-chain free fatty acids.
Atypical presentations of genital herpes simplex virus in HIV-1 and HIV-2 effectively treated by imiquimod (2014)

Atypical presentations of genital herpes simplex virus have been described in HIV. We report two cases with hypertrophic presentations which were effectively treated with imiquimod, one of which is the first reported case occurring in a patient with HIV-2.
Preparation of electrodeless discharge lamps for elements forming gaseous covalent hydrides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of electrodeless discharge lamps for elements forming gaseous covalent hydridesG. E. Bentley and M. L. ParsonsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 4, 551–554Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50012a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50012a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Origin, Growth and Annihilation of Annealing Twins in Austenite (1963)

AbstractAbstractThe formation of annealing twins in austenite. during grain growth has been studied by thermionic emission microscopy. This method permits continuous, direct observation of the process as it occurs. Results of studies conducted in the temperature range of 900 to 1200°C show that annealing twins form in the corner s of grains as the boundary junction migrates. The observations support the growth-accident theory of annealing-twin nucleation and indicate that prior twin nuclei are not necessary. The exact 'triggering' mechanism for the twinning accident, however, remains unresolved. Annealing twins grow both by broadening and by lengthening, but only when the twin boundary coincides with a migrating grain boundary. Twin bands may coalesce by the mechanism suggested by Burke. Annealing twins are annihilated during grain growth by either grain-boundary or twin-boundary migration. However, a twin can be annihilated by twin-boundary migration only by motion of a noncoherent boundary in a direction parallel to the coherent boundary. When a noncoherent boundary migrates, steps on the. boundary are always generated. While twin bands in austenite are very stable, those which terminate within a grain (a partial twin band) are thermally unstable and anneal out easily. Thus, a mechanism exists which can account for the disappearance of certain annealing twins after grain growth ceases.
Clinical implications of dose-dependent cytochrome P-450 drug-drug interactions with antidepressants (1998)

The magnitude of drug–drug interactions in vitro involving competitive inhibition of cytochrome (CYP) isozymes by newer antidepressants can theoretically be shown to be dependent upon several factors. These include the concentration of both the substrate and inhibitor, the affinity of the inhibitor for the inhibited isozyme, and an inhibition constant. The purpose of this study was to compare the results from three human drug interaction studies with theoretical considerations and the results from in vitro studies. Of special interest was the relationship between dose or concentration of an enzyme inhibitor and the change in the plasma concentration of a co-administered drug. Observed data were fit to equations using linear regression and nonlinear least squares regression analysis. All three human data sets demonstrated a linear dose or concentration dependency in the magnitude of the observed drug–drug interaction. The results draw attention to the dose dependent nature of drug–drug interactions. As the dose of antidepressant is under clinician control, guidelines are suggested to minimize the clinical impact of antidepressant drug interactions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counting Circuits Employing Ferroelectric Devices (1957)

A new type of counting circuit utilizing ferroelectric devices has been developed. This circuit, although similar to the older energy storage type of counter, overcomes most of the disadvantages of the older circuit. Whereas the older circuit required standardization of the input pulse to stabilize the counting ratio, i.e., the number of input pulses per output pulse, the use of a ferroelectric device to meter charge removes the need for such standardization. A second ferroelectric device used to integrate the packets of charge developed by the first removes the lower bound on the repetition rate of pulses to be counted. Circuits have been built with counting ratios up to 40 to 1. They have operated satisfactorily under conditions of changing voltage, temperature, and pulse spacing. Several counters may be connected in cascade to provide higher counting ratios.
Hydrothermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosize Rutile and Anatase Particles (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosize Rutile and Anatase ParticlesHumin Cheng, Jiming Ma, Zhenguo Zhao, and Limin QiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 663–671Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00052a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00052a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6621Altmetric-Citations715LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preserving Location Privacy in UASN through Collaboration and Semantic Encapsulation (2020)

UASN has gained much attention during the past decades. Based on fruitful research and development, UASN could be a compelling component of the global IoT in the future. From the view of location privacy preservation, state-of-the-art investigations mainly concentrate on UASN infrastructures and focus on the location privacy preserving of the source location privacy of the infrastructures, such as anchor nodes, positioning nodes, and communication channel security. However, in the IoT scenario, the underwater positioning service provided by UASN becomes pervasive, and the location privacy of the end-user of this service will come into sight. On the other hand, the presentation model of underwater semantic location is still in use of traditional terrestrial coordinates and geometric points, the concept of underwater semantic location could be further adopted to improve the location privacy. In this article, both these two location privacy issues are concerned. From the view of a UASN positioning service user, we discuss location privacy-related problems and propos a UASN nodes collaboration method to prevent the adversary from learning the precise location of the user when they intercept the communication or hack the central node. Then a concept of "semantic envelope" is designed to encapsulate the location information, which could further strengthen the location privacy.
An Efficient Technique for Tracking Nondeterministic Execution and its Applications (1995)

Pregnancies have occurred in a few patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. The presence of significant residual renal function has normally been required for successful outcome. We report a pregnancy in a patient with complete anuria. Although birth occurred prematurely, fetal growth remained normal throughout gestation.
A 5 V 7th-order elliptic analog filter for digital video applications (1990)

For high-frequency performance, seventh-order elliptic response was implemented using the GmC topology. Feedforward-feedback paths for transmission zeros were implemented by connecting capacitors between the appropriate nodes on the basis of signal flow-graph analysis. For dynamic range optimization, only integral scaling of Gm was performed using multiple transconductance amplifiers. To facilitate signal addition, each Gm block is a two-input stage, single-output-stage transconductance amplifier. Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the element matching achievable in fabrication meets specifications, provided the nominal cutoff frequency of the master is maintained by an on-chip tuning system. Simulations show that, to achieve this, it is necessary to tune both the magnitude and the phase of the filter. The master-slave approach of tuning used maintains accuracy in the presence of fabrication tolerances, temperature variations, and aging. The complete filter was implemented in a 1- mu m N-well CMOS process. The active area is 6 mm/sup 2/. The measured frequency response and the output noise spectrum are shown. To assess viability of this scheme in video antialiasing applications, 92 chips from various wafers were tested for yield, the variability of cutoff frequency, and ripple amplitude. The yield was 47%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic structure and spectra of square-planar alkyl isocyanide complexes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structure and spectra of square-planar alkyl isocyanide complexesHuseyin. Isci and W. Roy. MasonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 4, 913–918Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50146a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50146a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts