gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hippo pathway mediates resistance to cytotoxic drugs (2017)

Chemotherapy is widely used for cancer treatment, but its effectiveness is limited by drug resistance. Here, we report a mechanism by which cell density activates the Hippo pathway, which in turn inactivates YAP, leading to changes in the regulation of genes that control the intracellular concentrations of gemcitabine and several other US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncology drugs. Hippo inactivation sensitizes a diverse panel of cell lines and human tumors to gemcitabine in 3D spheroid, mouse xenografts, and patient-derived xenograft models. Nuclear YAP enhances gemcitabine effectiveness by down-regulating multidrug transporters as well by converting gemcitabine to a less active form, both leading to its increased intracellular availability. Cancer cell lines carrying genetic aberrations that impair the Hippo signaling pathway showed heightened sensitivity to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that "switching off" of the Hippo-YAP pathway could help to prevent or reverse resistance to some cancer therapies.
Emulsion Electrospinning of Nanofibrous Delivery Vehicles for the Controlled Release of Biomolecules and the <i>In Vitro</i> Release Behaviour of Biomolecules (2011)

Electrospinning is a popular technique for constructing nanofibrous tissue engineering scaffolds. Electrospinning is also amenable to the incorporation of drugs or biomolecules in fibers, which can provide local and sustained delivery of biological signals, such as growth factors, for the seeded cells. Drugs can normally be dissolved in polymer solutions for electrospinning, forming nanofibrous drug delivery systems. However, simply blending biomolecules in polymer solutions can result in denaturation of biomolecules and large initial burst release. Therefore, emulsion electrospinning, which can provide protection for biomolecules during electrospinning, is of great interest. In this investigation, biomolecule-containing scaffolds were emulsion electrospun using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model protein. Two polymers, poly (lactic- co -glycolic acid) and poly (D,L-lactic acid), were used due to their different degradation characteristics. Nanofibers with core-shell structures were electrospun from water-in-oil emulsions formulated by polymer solution, BSA-containing deionized water and a surfactant. By changing the polymer concentration and water phase volume, the fiber diameter and core-shell structure were varied. With different polymers and different fiber structures, the in vitro BSA release behaviours from fibrous scaffolds were different.
A Multi-level Cell for STT-MRAM with Biaxial Magnetic Tunnel Junction (2015)

A multi-level cell for STT-MRAM is proposed using biaxial magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The proposed cell consists of one transistor and one MTJ (1T1MTJ) with biaxial magnetic layer to store two bits per cell. Using the four stable states of the biaxial layer, the proposed cell allows 2 bits to be stored per cell without voltage headroom limitations. Current pulses with different amplitudes are applied during write operation to switch the magnetization vector to the corresponding region. This avoids multi-step write operations required for previously proposed multi-level cells using uniaxial MTJs. On average, the simulated write speed of the proposed cell is 33% faster than that of previous work, and the proposed cell consumes 8% less power. Also, current sensing vs. voltage sensing is compared for the biaxial MTJ, Current sensing provides uniform distribution of the sense margin.
A real-time digital shearing speckle interferometer (1992)

10.1088/0957-0233/3/4/008
Rechargeable Lithium Battery Cathodes. Nonaqueous Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (1998)

A nonaqueous coprecipitation process has been developed to prepare controlled stoichiometry lithium cobalt oxide precipitates. The process involved mixing a methanolic “LiCo(NO3)3” solution with a methanolic solution containing tetramethylammonium oxalate as a precipitating agent. The resulting oxalates were readily converted to phase-pure lithium cobalt oxide at 800 °C under an oxygen atmosphere. The various starting solutions, oxalate precipitates, and the resulting oxides have been extensively characterized using a variety of techniques, including multinuclear NMR, TGA/DTA, EPR, and XRD analyses. Results indicate that the strong interaction between the metals (Li and Co) that occurred in solution was maintained during precipitation. The calcined precipitate revealed that the desired LiCoO2 phase was formed at 800 °C under an O2 atmosphere. When electrochemically cycled, the material exhibited an initial capacity of ∼133 (mA h)/g with a fade of 0.02% in capacity per cycle.
Citicoline Combination Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2017)

Citicoline was an effective adjuvant to citalopram in the therapy of major depressive disorder.
Clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori infection (2000)

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative organism that survives in the deep mucus layer and attaches to the gastric surface cells, is estimated to be present in up to one-half of the US population. Chronic H. pylori infection causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases and even gastric cancer. Cure of the infection leads to healing of gastric inflammation, prevention of development of peptic ulcer, as well as accelerated healing of peptic ulcers, and prevention of ulcer recurrence. Treatment of H. pylori has undergone substantial evolution over the past decade. Despite the in vitro susceptibility, results from single or even dual drug therapy is typically unsatisfactory and the best therapy is yet to be defined. The best current therapies for H. pylori infection consist of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or ranitidine bismuth citrate and two antibiotics (triple therapies), or bismuth, tetracycline, metronidazole and a PPI (quadruple therapy). Clarithromycin is one of the most useful antimicrobials against H. pylori. It is an acid-stable macrolide with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, well absorbed with a wide tissue distribution and with mild side effects. Clarithromycin has a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) for H. pylori and its effect is potentiated by acid inhibition. When combined with a PPI or ranitidine bismuth citrate and amoxicillin or metronidazole, eradication rates of more than 95% can be achieved with susceptible organisms. However, the prevalence of primary and acquired clarithromycin resistance, which is due to mutations within a conserved loop of 23S rRNA of H. pylori, is increasing. In practice, the presence of clarithromycin resistance usually implies reduced success when clarithromycin-containing regimes are used. There is a need for improved therapies for H. pylori where antibiotic resistance is less of a problem.
Aquaculture (2012)

The output from world aquaculture, a multi-billion dollar global industry, continues to rise at a very rapid rate and it is now acknowledged that it will take over from fisheries to become the main source of animal and plant products from aquatic environments in the future. Since the first edition of this excellent and successful book was published, the aquaculture industry has continued to expand at a massive rate globally and has seen huge advances across its many and diverse facets.

This new edition of Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants covers all major aspects of the culture of fish, shellfish and algae in freshwater and marine environments. Subject areas covered include principles, water quality, environmental impacts of aquaculture, desert aquaculture, reproduction, life cycles and growth, genetics and stock improvement, nutrition and feed production, diseases, vaccination, post-harvest technology, economics and marketing, and future developments of aquaculture. Separate chapters also cover the culture of algae, carps, salmonids, tilapias, channel catfish, marine and brackish fishes, soft-shelled turtles, marine shrimp, mitten crabs and other decapod crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, and ornamentals. There is greater coverage of aquaculture in China in this new edition, reflecting China's importance in the world scene.

For many, Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants is now the book of choice, as a recommended text for students and as a concise reference for those working or entering into the industry. Providing core scientific and commercially useful information, and written by around 30 internationally-known and respected authors, this expanded and fully updated new edition of Aquaculture is a book that is essential reading for all students and professionals studying and working in aquaculture. Fish farmers, hatchery managers and all those supplying the aquaculture industry, including personnel within equipment and feed manufacturing companies, will find a great deal of commercially useful information within this important and now established book.
Determination of Thermal Stability of Magnetic Tunnel Junction Using Time-Resolved Single-Shot Measurement (2014)

Time-resolved single-shot measurement has been investigated to characterize switching times of the free layer in magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs). In this study, a stacked MTJ film is patterned into an elongated, nano-scale device using standard electron beam lithography in conjunction with ion beam etching. Subsequently, current-induced magnetization switching is initiated using a single-shot measurement based on the time-domain transmission method. A current pulse with a duration of 50 ns is utilized to switch the magnetization configuration between parallel and anti-parallel states. After the pulse rises, the transmission profile shows a transition in which resistance varies. That is, the incubation time between pulse onset and resistance change represents the switching time of the free layer. The statistical distribution results of the switching times are obtained. The switching times are strongly dependent on current density and the external magnetic field. By fitting the data points using the Néel-Arrhenius law, the thermal stability factor J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Co</sub> and intrinsic current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Co</sub> are also determined.
The shortest path through many points (1959)

ABSTRACT We prove that the length of the shortest closed path through n points in a bounded plane region of area v is ‘almost always’ asymptotically proportional to √( nv ) for large n ; and we extend this result to bounded Lebesgue sets in k –dimensional Euclidean space. The constants of proportionality depend only upon the dimensionality of the space, and are independent of the shape of the region. We give numerical bounds for these constants for various values of k ; and we estimate the constant in the particular case k = 2. The results are relevant to the travelling-salesman problem, Steiner's street network problem, and the Loberman—Weinberger wiring problem. They have possible generalizations in the direction of Plateau's problem and Douglas' problem.
Raman Spectroscopy for Clinical Oncology (2011)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Advancements in early and improved diagnosis could help prevent a significant number of these deaths. Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique which has received considerable attention recently with regards to applications in clinical oncology. Raman spectroscopy has the potential not only to improve diagnosis of cancer but also to advance the treatment of cancer. A number of studies have investigated Raman spectroscopy for its potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of cancers. In this paper the most recent advances in dispersive Raman spectroscopy, which have demonstrated promising leads to real world application for clinical oncology are reviewed. The application of Raman spectroscopy to breast, brain, skin, cervical, gastrointestinal, oral, and lung cancers is reviewed as well as a special focus on the data analysis techniques, which have been employed in the studies.
Identification of integrin-dependent and -independent cell adhesion domains in COOH-terminal globular region of laminin-5 alpha 3 chain. (1997)

Laminin-5 is an isoform of laminin that consists of alpha 3, beta 3, and gamma 2 chains and has potent cell adhesion- and cell migration-promoting activities. In this study, five subdomains in the COOH-terminal globular (G) domain of human laminin alpha 3 chain were individually expressed in Escherichia coli, and their biological activities were investigated. Recombinant G2, G4, and G5 domains promoted adhesion to plastic plates of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and ECV304 vascular endothelial cells. For the cell adhesion activity, the G2 domain required a divalent cation and heat-sensitive conformation more strongly than G4 and G5. The cell adhesion to G2 but not G4 and G5 was effectively inhibited by an anti-integrin alpha 3 antibody. A cell adhesion sequence of 22 amino acids, alpha 3G2A, that was homologous to the integrin alpha 3 beta 1-binding sequence GD-6 of laminin alpha 1 chain was identified within the G2 structure. The cell adhesion to alpha 3G2A peptide was also inhibited by the anti-integrin alpha 3 antibody. The cell adhesion to G2, alpha 3G2A, G4, and G5 was strongly inhibited by heparin, but that to native laminin-5 was inhibited less effectively. Moreover, G5 potently stimulated chemotactic migration of rat liver epithelial cells in Boyden chambers, but G2 and G4 did not. These results indicate that the G domain of laminin alpha 3 contains multiple cell binding sites with different mechanisms and different functions. The G2 domain seems to recognize integrin alpha 3 beta 1, whereas G4 and G5 may interact with heparin-like molecules on cell surface.
The hard lessons of DARPA's robotics challenge [News] (2015)

In what must be the biggest public display of robot adoration and empathy ever witnessed, thousands cheered as the team from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) won the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) in Pomona, Calif., on 6 June. Its robot, an adaptable humanoid called DRC-Hubo, beat out 22 other bots from six countries in a two-day competition organized with the aim of advancing the field of disaster robotics. The team from KAIST, which is in Daejeon, South Korea, walked away from the competition with the US $2 million grand prize.
The Zigzag Broadband Raman Amplifier (1989)

The use of angle-tuned phase matching can greatly reduce limitations on the pump laser bandwidth in crossed-beam Raman amplifiers. Potential advantages over collinear broadband amplifiers predicted to be attainable with this technique include improved intensity homogeneity, reduction of intensity-phase print-through, simplified beam combining, and avoidance of competing nonlinear processes. Expressions for allowed bandwidth are given.
Basic considerations and topologies of switched-mode assisted linear power amplifiers (2002)

The paper presents a combined power amplifier system consisting of a linear amplifier unit with a switched-mode (class D) current dumping stage arranged in parallel. With this topology, the fundamental drawback of conventional linear power amplifiers-the high loss-is avoided. Compared to a pure class D (switching) amplifier, the presented system needs no output filter to reduce the switching frequency harmonics. This filter (usually of multi-stage type) generally deteriorates the transient response of the system and impairs the feedback loop design. Furthermore, the low-frequency distortions of switching amplifiers caused by the interlock delay of their power transistors are avoided with the presented switched-mode assisted linear amplifier system. This can be considered as a master-slave system with a guiding linear amplifier and a supporting class D slave unit. The paper describes the operating principle of the system, analyzes the fundamental relationships for the circuit design and presents simulation results. Finally, various further topologies of switched-mode assisted linear amplifiers are given.
Status of hollow cathode heater development for the Space Station Plasma Contactor (1994)

A hollow cathode-based plasma contactor has been selected for use on the Space Station. During the operation of the plasma contactor, the hollow cathode heater will endure approximately 12000 thermal cycles. Since a hollow cathode heater failure would result in a plasma contactor failure, a hollow cathode heater development program was established to produce a reliable heater. The development program includes the heater design, process documents for both heater fabrication and assembly, and heater testing. The heater design was a modification of a sheathed ion thruster cathode heater. Heater tests included testing of the heater unit alone and plasma contactor and ion thruster testing. To date, eight heaters have been or are being processed through heater unit testing, two through plasma contactor testing and three through ion thruster testing, all using direct current power supplies. Comparisons of data from heater unit performance tests before cyclic testing, plasma contactor tests, and ion thruster tests at the ignition input current level show the average deviation of input power and tube temperature near the cathode tip to be +/-0.9 W and +/- 21 C, respectively. Heater unit testing included cyclic testing to evaluate reliability under thermal cycling. The first heater, although damaged during assembly, completed 5985 ignition cycles before failing. Four additional heaters successfully completed 6300, 6300, 700, and 700 cycles. Heater unit testing is currently ongoing for three heaters which have to date accumulated greater than 7250, greater than 5500, and greater than 5500 cycles, respectively.
Connection Routing Algorithm for Printed Circuit Boards (1971)

A generalized algorithm for forming interconnections between points on a multilayer circuit board is described and evaluated. The algorithm treats interconnections on individual layers and connections between layers by means of plated holes. Generalizing the well-known Lee algorithm and using its terminology, this algorithm makes use of a coded C array that is stored in memory and records the state of the multilayer circuit board. Completed paths, possible remaining paths between points to be connected, and circuitboard interconnection restrictions are recorded in the coded C array. The algorithm consists of five iterative steps that involve decisions on the basis of the state of the circuit board as stored in the C array. All possible routes are attempted, and the routing sequence is stopped when the path is completed or all attempted path routes are exhausted. A number of modifications to the algorithm permitting various circuit connection constraints to be satisfied are also presented. The algorithm has been programmed for a GE-635 computer. Typical results for some of the printed circuit boards that were used to evaluate the algorithm are included.
From Eros to Gaia (1992)

Part Stories: Sir Phillip Robert's Erolunar Collision (1933) on being the right size - reflections on the ecology of scientific projects (1988) six cautionary tales for scientists (1988) telescopes and accelerators (1988) sixty years of space science, 1958-2018 (1988) the importance of being unpredictable (1990) strategic bombing in World War II and today - has anything changed? (1990). Part 2 Things: field theory (1953) innovation in physics (1958) Tomonaga, Schwinger, and Feynman awarded Nobel Prize for physics (1965) energy in the universe (1971) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the biosphere (1990). Part 3 Instititions: the future of physics (1970) unfashionable pursuits (1981) astronomy in a private sphere (1984) to teach or not to teach (1990). Part 4 Politics: Pugwash 1962 (1962) death of a project (1965) human consequences of the exploration of space (1968) the hidden costs of saying no (1974). Part 5 Books: Pupin (1960) Oppenheimer (1980) Heims (1980) Manin and Forman (1982) Kennan (1982) Oppenheimer again (1989) Morson and Tolstoy (1989). Part 4 People: letter from America (1971) brittle silence (1981) Helen Dukas (1982) Paul Dirac (1986) Beacons (1988) Kennan again (1988) Feynman in 1948 (1989) the face of Gaia (1989).
Fluorescence probing of microdomains in aqueous solutions of polysoaps. 2. Study of the size of the microdomains (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence probing of microdomains in aqueous solutions of polysoaps. 2. Study of the size of the microdomainsW. Binana-Limbele and R. ZanaCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 10, 2731–2739Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00212a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00212a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Feasibility Study of a Prototype PET Insert Device to Convert a General-Purpose Animal PET Scanner to Higher Resolution (2007)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using a high-resolution insert device in an existing PET scanner to provide high-resolution PET. A PET insert device with more detector modules will improve sensitivity and may become an alternative to special-purpose PET systems for high-resolution PET.
The Development Of Textile Industry In Indonesia During The New Order, A Study With Catching-Up Product Cycle Approach (2000)

Abstract:\nThis paper attempts to examine the pattern of textile industry development in Indonesia during Soeharto Era (1968-1998) using catching-up product cycle model constructed by Kiyoshi Kojima. who derived the model to explain the experiences of Japan's industrial development. This paper will feature that development pattern of textile industry in Indonesia in aggregate level has quite similar pattern with that of Japan's. So far, in comparison to Japan's textile industry development, textile industry in Indonesia has experienced three stages of development: introductory stage, import substitution stage, and export stage. The writer would show the main characteristics in each stage and mechanisms underlying the shill from one stage to the next by applying characteristics and mechanisms described by Ippei lamazawa.\nKeywords:\ntextile industry development, Indonesia