gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of chlorophyll content in diploid and tetraploid black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) (2006)

The effects of the number of chromosome sets on chlorophyll content in diploid and tetraploid black wattle were assessed through chlorophyll absorbance. Seedlings of ∼8 months of age, 1-year-old trees in polybags and 2-year-old field material were selected for this investigation. Three families per ploidy level comprising of 10 half-sibs per family were used in the analysis. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in chlorophyll absorbance between diploid and tetraploid materials (⁠A¯ = 0.375 and A¯ = 0.653, respectively). Significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments (seedling, bagged material and field material) within each ploidy level were recorded, where chlorophyll absorbance increased from diploid bagged trees (⁠A¯ = 0.343) to seedlings (⁠A¯ = 0.375) to field trees (⁠A¯ = 0.408). Similar significant increases were recorded for the tetraploid seedlings (⁠A¯ = 0.629) to bagged trees (⁠A¯ = 0.644) to field trees (⁠A¯ = 0.686). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were also recorded between genetic lines within both ploidy levels. However, when comparing families within each ploidy level, with respect to treatment differences, in most cases, two of the three families showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Within each family, significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded between each of the three treatments tested, with the field material consistently having significantly (P < 0.05) greater amounts of chlorophyll.
CFD Investigation on the Circumferential Grooves Casing Treatment of Transonic Compressor (2008)

The performance of NASA Rotor 37 with Circumferential Grooves Casing Treatment (CGCT) is studied with an in-house CFD code NSAWET. Based on the stall mechanism analysis, a number of CGCT configurations have been proposed and numerically tested. The computation results show that the stall mechanisms are strongly related with the width of tip clearance. With a small tip clearance, the stall process is dominated by the trailing edge separation, while the leading edge tip leakage vortex breakdown induced blockage causes stall in a large tip clearance configuration. Circumferential grooves at appropriate axial locations can be beneficial to the stall margin in these two types of stall processes. The effects of the groove width and depth are presented. The mechanisms of CGCT for different tip clearances are also discussed.
Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Solriamfetol (JZP-110), a Selective Dopamine and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (2018)

Excessive sleepiness (ES) is associated with several sleep disorders, including narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A role for monoaminergic systems in treating these conditions is highlighted by the clinical use of US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that act on these systems, such as dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil, and armodafinil. Solriamfetol (JZP-110) is a wake-promoting agent that is currently being evaluated to treat ES in patients with narcolepsy or OSA. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that the wake-promoting effects of solriamfetol differ from medications such as modafinil and amphetamine. The goal of the current studies was to characterize the mechanism of action of solriamfetol at monoamine transporters using in vitro and in vivo assays. Results indicate that solriamfetol has dual reuptake inhibition activity at dopamine (DA; IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.9 <i>μ</i>M) and norepinephrine (NE; IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.4 <i>μ</i>M) transporters, and this activity is associated in vivo with increased extracellular concentration of DA and NE as measured by microdialysis. Solriamfetol has negligible functional activity at the serotonin transporter (IC<sub>50</sub> > 100 <i>μ</i>M). Moreover, the wake-promoting effects of solriamfetol are probably owing to activity at DA and NE transporters rather than other neurotransmitter systems, such as histamine or orexin. The dual activity of solriamfetol at DA and NE transporters and the lack of significant monoamine-releasing properties of solriamfetol might explain the differences in the in vivo effects of solriamfetol compared with modafinil or amphetamine. Taken together, these data suggest that solriamfetol may offer an important advancement in the treatment of ES in patients with narcolepsy or OSA.
The alarm information base: a repository for enterprise management (2002)

In a typical enterprise operations center, the effective processing of alarms is crucial to the successful management of an information technology environment. Service-affecting alarms can originate from many sources, including customer-premise and carrier networking elements, computing systems (hardware and software) and other managed equipment. Although alarms are often viewed simply as text strings and colored icons on an operations console, the definition and maintenance of alarm-related information within an enterprise has a distinct lifecycle which needs to be managed. One way of managing this lifecycle is through a repository called an alarm information base, which centrally captures information about the alarms raised and processed in an enterprise. In this paper, the motivation for such a repository and the benefits of its use are discussed. An alarm information base can be maintained in an open and extensible format, and should be viewed as a valuable corporate asset for enterprise management.
The Development of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Children from the Age of 1 Through 15 Years – Non-paroxysmal activity (1971)

This investigation has been undertaken to describe the development of the EEG in relation to age and sex. Children not possessing special signs or symptoms, which ex juvantibus imply a risk for the apperance of certain EEG patterns, in the literature looked upon as abnormal, have been investigated. EEG findings have thus been collected, which in clinical diagnostic work can be used as reference values in the evaluation of EEG in connection with different disease states in children. The investigation has been carried out as a transverse study and comprises EEG examinations on 743 selected children — 389 girls and 354 boys.
'It’s almost like talking to a person': Student disclosure to pedagogical agents in sensitive settings (2014)

It would seem that emerging communication technologies are disrupting and changing societal norms and conventions. The literature suggests central to making sense of the unique qualities of cyberspace are understandings of such social networks, veracity and the differences between online and offline behaviour. We propose that as pedagogical agents are seen to help support and even improve the level of interactive learning on a programme or course, it is essential that these societal norms and behaviours are considered within pedagogical agent learning situations. Pedagogical agents are characters on the computer screen with embodied life-like behaviours such as speech, emotions, locomotion, gestures, and movements of the head, the eye, or other parts of the body. This paper presents findings of a pilot study that used pedagogical agents to examine disclosure in educational settings. The study used responsive evaluation to explore how the use of pedagogical agents might affect students’ truthfulness and disclosure by asking them to respond to a lifestyle choices survey delivered by a web-based pedagogical agent. The findings of this study suggest that 3 key issues are important; firstly the pedagogical appearance of the agent, secondly, the issue of choice and finally that of disclosure. Data also suggested that body language is critical to the learning effectiveness of pedagogical agents. The appearance of the pedagogical agent and the images it invoked, determined partially by students’ ability to choose their own pedagogical agent, were found to play a role in students’ willingness to disclose information. Qualitative findings from users also suggested that they may feel comfortable disclosing more sensitive information to pedagogical agents than to the interviewer. Our findings support the growing body of literature which suggests that the social environment of cyberspace is characterised by more open, straightforward and candid interpersonal communication, and that a pedagogical agent can support this. Findings indicate that emotional connection with pedagogical agents were intrinsic to the user’s sense of trust and therefore likely to affect levels of truthfulness and engagement. The implications of this study are that truthfulness, personalisation and emotional engagement are all vital components in using pedagogical agents to enhance online learning.
Design of freeform imaging systems with linear field-of-view using a construction and iteration process (2014)

In this paper, a design method based on a construction and iteration process is proposed for designing freeform imaging systems with linear field-of-view (FOV). The surface contours of the desired freeform surfaces in the tangential plane are firstly designed to control the tangential rays of multiple field angles and different pupil coordinates. Then, the image quality is improved with an iterative process. The design result can be taken as a good starting point for further optimization. A freeform off-axis scanning system is designed as an example of the proposed method. The convergence ability of the construction and iteration process to design a freeform system from initial planes is validated. The MTF of the design result is close to the diffraction limit and the scanning error is less than 1 μm. This result proves that good image quality and scanning linearity were achieved.
Activation of a novel Bcr/Abl destruction pathway by WP1130 induces apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (2007)

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is effective therapy against Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia, but resistance develops in all phases of the disease. Bcr/Abl point mutations and other alterations reduce the kinase inhibitory activity of imatinib mesylate; thus, agents that target Bcr/Abl through unique mechanisms may be needed. Here we describe the activity of WP1130, a small molecule that specifically and rapidly down-regulates both wild-type and mutant Bcr/Abl protein without affecting bcr/abl gene expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Loss of Bcr/Abl protein correlated with the onset of apoptosis and reduced phosphorylation of Bcr/Abl substrates. WP1130 did not affect Hsp90/Hsp70 ratios within the cells and did not require the participation of the proteasomal pathway for loss of Bcr/Abl protein. WP1130 was more effective in reducing leukemic versus normal hematopoietic colony formation and strongly inhibited colony formation of cells derived from patients with T315I mutant Bcr/Abl-expressing CML in blast crisis. WP1130 suppressed the growth of K562 heterotransplanted tumors as well as both wild-type Bcr/Abl and T315I mutant Bcr/Abl-expressing BaF/3 cells transplanted into nude mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that WP1130 reduces wild-type and T315I mutant Bcr/Abl protein levels in CML cells through a unique mechanism and may be useful in treating CML.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of CH Bonds with Carbon Dioxide (2010)

Cooking with gas: Copper complexes serve as excellent catalysts for the direct carboxylation of aromatic heterocyclic CH bonds with CO2, thereby offering an economical and environmentally benign process for the synthesis of heterocyclic carboxylic esters (see scheme; IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). Some active intermediates of this reaction have been isolated and structurally characterized. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Local Data Is Endangered (2014)

ne of the quiet impacts of the interruption of federal services in the U.S. -both the ongoing sequestration and the fall 2013 shutdown -was a tragic loss of local-level economic data. This critically threatens our ability to measure the success of community-based foods initiatives.
Restricted field of view magnetic resonance imaging of a dynamic time series (2007)

A restricted field of view (rFOV) approach for imaging a dynamic time series of volumes of limited spatial extent within a larger subject is described. The shorter readout with rFOV-MRI can be exploited to either limit image artifacts or increase spatial resolution. To accomplish rFOV imaging of a multislice volume for a dynamic series, an outer volume suppression (OVS) preparation that saturates signal external to a cylinder through the subject is followed by slice-selective excitation and a spiral readout. The pass- and stopband efficiencies of the OVS in an agar gel phantom were 97% (+/-1.5%) and 3% (+/-1%), respectively. Profiles of the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured in a phantom and an adult brain. The rFOV sequence reduced distortions from off-resonance signal and T2*-induced blurring compared to a conventional sequence. Sequence utility is demonstrated for high-resolution rFOV functional MRI (fMRI) in the visual cortex. The rFOV sequence may prove to be useful for other multislice dynamic and high-resolution imaging applications.
Thermally compensated aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators for high temperature applications (2010)

In this letter, temperature compensation for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators operating at high temperature is presented. By adding a compensating layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2), the turnover temperature can be designed for high temperature operation by varying the normalized AlN film thickness (hAlN/λ) and the normalized SiO2 film thickness (hSiO2/λ). With different designs of hAlN/λ and hSiO2/λ, the Lamb wave resonators were well temperature-compensated at 214 °C, 430 °C, and 542 °C, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermally compensated AlN Lamb wave resonators are promising for frequency control and sensing applications at high temperature.
Selective Transport of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Ions through a Supported Liquid Membrane Containing Tripentyl Phosphate as a Carrier (1993)

Abstract A selective transport system for alkali and alkaline earth metallic ions with a perchlorate ion as a pairing ion species through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing tripentyl phosphate (TPP) as a carrier is described. The SLM used is a porous polypropylene membrane impregnated with TPP solution in o-nitrophenyloctylether. The effects of the pairing ion species, the initial perchlorate concentration, and the TPP concentration on metallic ion transportability are examined under various experimental conditions. The permeation velocities of the metallic ions in the transport system followed the sequence Li+≫Na+>K+>Mg2+; that is, a highly selective transport for Li+ ion was observed. Compared with the transport rates of alkali metallic ions, those of transition metallic ions such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions are very low. The permeation velocities of alkali and alkaline earth metallic ions through an SLM are dependent on the concentrations of perchlorate and TPP. Equations for the permeation velocities of Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ ions through an SLM, based on two concentrations of perchlorate and TPP, are proposed.
Carbon monoxide produced by isolated arterioles attenuates pressure-induced vasoconstriction (2001)

Studies were conducted on isolated rat gracilis muscle arterioles to examine the role of vascular heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) on myogenic constrictor responses to stepwise increments in intraluminal pressure. The arterioles express HO-2 but not HO-1 and manufacture CO. Both HO-2 protein expression and CO production are reduced in arterioles maintained for 18 h before experimentation in media containing HO-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN). Pressurization of arterioles mounted on a myograph over the pressure range of 40--100 mmHg elicits reduction of internal diameter. At pressures >40 mmHg, the internal diameter of vessels treated with either HO-2 AS-ODN, the HO inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP), or the K(+) channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) are smaller than the corresponding control values. The inclusion of exogenous CO, but not of biliverdin, in the superfusion buffer attenuates pressure-induced vasoconstriction in CrMP-treated vessels. However, exogenous CO does not attenuate pressure-induced vasoconstriction in vessels treated with both CrMP and TEA. Collectively, these data suggest that CO of vascular origin attenuates pressure-induced arteriolar constriction via a mechanism involving a TEA-sensitive K(+) channel.
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Cancer (2013)

The demonstration of induced pluripotency and direct lineage conversion has led to remarkable insights regarding the roles of transcription factors and chromatin regulators in mediating cell state transitions. Beyond its considerable implications for regenerative medicine, this body of work is highly relevant to multiple stages of oncogenesis, from the initial cellular transformation to the hierarchical organization of established malignancies. Here, we review conceptual parallels between the respective biological phenomena, highlighting important interrelationships among transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and preexisting epigenetic states. The shared mechanisms provide insights into oncogenic transformation, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer stem cell models.
Lack of Complex I Activity in Human Cells Carrying a Mutation in MtDNA-encoded ND4 Subunit Is Corrected by theSaccharomyces cerevisiae NADH-Quinone Oxidoreductase (NDI1) Gene (2001)

The gene for the single subunit, rotenone-insensitive, and flavone-sensitive internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDI1) can completely restore the NADH dehydrogenase activity in mutant human cells that lack the essential mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunit ND4. In particular, the NDI1 gene was introduced into the nuclear genome of the human 143B.TK(-) cell line derivative C4T, which carries a homoplasmic frameshift mutation in the ND4 gene. Two transformants with a low or high level of expression of the exogenous gene were chosen for a detailed analysis. In these cells the corresponding protein is localized in mitochondria, its NADH-binding site faces the matrix compartment as in yeast mitochondria, and in perfect correlation with its abundance restores partially or fully NADH-dependent respiration that is rotenone-insensitive, flavone-sensitive, and antimycin A-sensitive. Thus the yeast enzyme has become coupled to the downstream portion of the human respiratory chain. Furthermore, the P:O ratio with malate/glutamate-dependent respiration in the transformants is approximately two-thirds of that of the wild-type 143B.TK(-) cells, as expected from the lack of proton pumping activity in the yeast enzyme. Finally, whereas the original mutant cell line C4T fails to grow in medium containing galactose instead of glucose, the high NDI1-expressing transformant has a fully restored capacity to grow in galactose medium. The present observations substantially expand the potential of the yeast NDI1 gene for the therapy of mitochondrial diseases involving complex I deficiency.
Cationic Vesicles Consisting of 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium Propane (DOTAP) and Phosphatidylcholines and Their Interaction with Erythrocyte Membrane (2004)

We studied the formation and stability of vesicles consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and phosphatidylcholines by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and observation of their hemolytic activities. In contrast with previous findings on dimethyldialkylammoniums, DOTAP formed vesicles at 37 degrees C with phosphatidylcholines containing either saturated acyl chains such as dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or unsaturated acyl chains such as dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC). Phosphatidylcholines made the bilayer more rigid and significantly reduced the hemolytic activity of DOTAP. In the presence of equimolar concentration of DOTAP and phosphatidylcholines, formation of tightly aggregated structures of several erythrocytes was observed, as previously reported for the vesicles containing dimethyldipalmitylammonium. These findings indicate that DOTAP vesicles were stabilized by phosphatidylcholines with either saturated acyl chains or unsaturated acyl chains, and the interaction with the lipid bilayer of biological membranes as cationic vesicles became prominent with minimal membrane damage by DOTAP monomers.
Bioluminescent based chemchip for point-of-care diagnostics (2002)

The design and progress of a MEMS prototype biochip device, which uses bioluminescence as a means for detecting a potential of 10-100 total analytes from biofluid samples, is discussed. Light enhancement was explored by coating etched square chambers with chromium and silver. Light enhancement was also investigated by observing the transmittance of light along micro channels molded in PDMS. Bioluminescent light generated from a 1-mM ATP with firefly luciferase/luciferin solution was placed inside the channels and chambers and the light output was observed through a close up lens by a CCD. Light enhancement effectiveness was determined from the CCD count increase per nL of sample volume for the cross sectional viewing areas of the channels or chambers. Uncoated silicon, chromium coated and silver coated square chambers enhanced light output about 1-4 CCD counts/nL, 3-13 CCD counts/nL, and 300 to 1,300 CCD counts/nL respectively. Uncoated PDMS channels enhance light by about 79-101 CCD counts/nL.
Biotic and Abiotic Anaerobic Transformations of Trichloroethene and <i>cis</i>-1,2-Dichloroethene in Fractured Sandstone (2008)

A fractured sandstone aquifer at an industrial site in southern California is contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) to depths in excess of 244 m. Field monitoring data suggest that TCE is undergoing reduction to cis-DCE and that additional attenuation is occurring. However, vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene have not been detected in significant amounts, so that if transformation is occurring, a process other than reductive dechlorination must be responsible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of biotic and abiotic transformation processes at this site for TCE, cis-DCE, and VC. Anaerobic microcosms were constructed with site groundwater and sandstone core samples. 14C-labeled compounds were used to detect transformation products (e.g., CO2 and soluble products) that are not readily identifiable by headspace analysis. The microcosms confirmed the occurrence of biotic reduction of TCE to cis-DCE, driven by electron donor in the groundwater and/or sandstone. VC and ethene were not detected. Following incubation periods up to 22 months, the distribution of 14C indicated statistically significant transformation of [14C]TCE and [14C]cis-DCE in live microcosms, to as high as 10% 14CO2 from TCE and 20% 14CO2 from cis-DCE. In autoclaved microcosms, significant transformation of [14C]TCE and [14C]cis-DCE also occurred; although some 14CO2 accumulated, the predominant 14C product was soluble and could not be stripped by N2 from an acidic solution (referred to as nonstrippable residue, or NSR). Characterization of the NSR by high-performance liquid and ion chromatography identified glycolate, acetate, and formate as significant components. These results suggest that a combination of abiotic and biotic transformation processes is responsible for attenuation of TCE and cis-DCE in the fractured sandstone aquifer. Tracking the distribution of 14C during the microcosm study was essential for observing these phenomena.