gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High mass resolution surface imaging with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy scanning microprobe (1991)

This article describes first applications of a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) scanning microprobe, based on a high mass resolution TOF-SIMS instrument, combined with two pulsed primary ion sources: (a) 10 keV Ga liquid metal ion source (LMIS), probe size: 0.5–1 μm; (b) 10 keV electron impact (EI) ion source (Ar+,Xe+,O+2), probe size 4–10 μm. The detection limits for elemental and molecular surface species as a function of probe size are discussed. At a lateral resolution of 1 μm secondary ion images with about 1000 counts/pixel can be acquired in about 30 min. The high useful yields achieved by TOF-SIMS allows the analysis of submonolayers of inorganic as well as organic materials at high lateral resolution. Currently up to 24 secondary ion images for different masses and a complete mass spectrum can be acquired simultaneously. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated by multielemental and molecular imaging of inorganic and organic patterns on Si wafers. Secondary ion images of a polymer with an average molecular weight of 1400 amu prepared on a silver substrate are presented. As an example for the analysis of insulating materials secondary ion images of an electrically isolated surface mounted device solder pad on an electronic board are shown.
Optimal Control and Energy Management for Hybrid Gas-Electric Propulsion (2020)

Abstract The paper considers a generic model for a turbofan engine coupled to electromechanical (EM) elements used for energy conversion and storage in electric form. The electromechanical systems apply torque to the engine shafts, allowing for controllable power injection or extraction to and from the engine. The standard proportional-integral (PI) control law used to command fuel flow for turbofan speed regulation is maintained for compatibility with industry practices, leaving the electromechanical torque to be specified. The paper adopts an optimal control approach for this purpose, where a weighted combination of electric energy consumption and fuel consumption is minimized subject to the dynamics of the electrified propulsion system. The solution for the optimal torques is given by linear state feedback plus bias, with gains calculated numerically from engine linearization data. Energy balance equations are derived and used to guide the optimization, evaluate the resulting power distributions, and check for errors. Simulation studies are presented for a chop-burst transient and for a realistic flight mission profile with environmental input variations. The paper shows the economic advantage of operating the engine with the electrified components. Specifically, fuel burn can be reduced in exchange for electric energy, which must be replenished, but at lower cost.
An error-correcting coding scheme for teletext and other transparent data broadcasting (1990)

Nonprimitive and primitive Reed-Solomon (RS) codes (and product codes based on them) that can provide a very low bit error rate (BER) for the transparent data broadcasting feature of North American broadcast Teletext Specification (NABTS) are described. Transparent data consist of 8-b bytes, each without a parity-check bit, as contrasted with nontransparent data, which consist of 8 bit bytes, each of which has a parity-check bit in every byte. Specific applications for transparent error-coding codes constructed from RS codes in broadcast teletext broadcasting are discussed. Nonprimitive RS codes designed for nontransparent data broadcasting by NABTS teletext are derived, and powerful product forms of shortened nonprimitive Reed-Solomon codes are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New sources of clustering in the digital economy (2001)

Using a sample of 29 virtual clusters, the paper examines new sources of clustering in the digital economy. The “virtual cluster” phenomenon highlights the most significant effect of the development of the information and communication technologies in the business environment. A virtual cluster is conceived as an e‐business community, made up of customers, suppliers, distributors and commerce providers sharing digital and knowledge networks for collaboration and competition. The purpose of this paper is to set out the characteristics of a new competitive space, in which a strategic role is played by virtual processes among partners, and to review the traditional sources of clustering in the digital economy environment (Romano et al., 1999). More specifically, this paper attempts to show the emerging overlap between digital and knowledge networks, which generates a new competitive space within a new global‐virtual learning environment. Finally, assuming that traditional sources of clustering are generally identified in specialisation (based on a sophisticated division of labour) and geographic proximity, the paper discusses how the role of organisational proximity acts as a substitute for geographic proximity in supporting coordination and tacit knowledge exchange. As it emerges from the analysis of our cases, from a managerial point of view, organisational proximity may be achieved through the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM) strategies. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 23rd Institute of Small Business Affairs Annual Resource and Policy Conference in November 1999 in Leeds, UK.
High levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with low-dose haloperidol treatment: a PET study (1996)

The findings demonstrate that low doses of haloperidol induce D2 receptor occupancies that are in the putative therapeutic range. In combination with recent empirical trials, these findings should encourage clinicians to initiate treatment of psychotic episodes with low (2-4 mg haloperidol equivalent) doses of typical neuroleptics, particularly for first-episode patients.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL STEROIDS, CORTICOTROPIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE ON RESISTANCE TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS (1954)

Cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone, and hydrocortisone acetate depress the resistance of mice to pneumococcal and influenza viral infections, although hydrocortisone acetate is somewhat less effective than the free alcohol, when given subcutaneously. Pituitary adrenocorticotropin, even in highly purified form and in oil and beeswax, does not significantly alter the resistance of mice to these experimental infections, even when given in doses which may cause profound eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and weight loss, and which are at the limit of tolerance of the animals. Corticosterone depresses resistance to pneumococcal infections significantly, but fails to alter resistance to influenza viral infections. The findings suggest that murine adrenals may produce one of the known adrenal steroids such as corticosterone along with another steroid, or may produce a steroid other than cortisone, hydrocortisone, or corticosterone. When resistance is decreased by adrenal steroids, survival time is invariably shortened, and the effect of the steroid hormones is frequently demonstrable within the 1st day after infection with pneumococci, making it unlikely that the depression of resistance that is seen is primarily due to depression of antibody formation. A single dose of 5 mg. of cortisone may cause depression of resistance and may decrease the survival time for 3 to 6 days afterward. Growth hormone (somatotropic hormone) in highly purified form, and in the doses used, did not overcome the weight loss induced by cortisone, but the animals treated with growth hormone and cortisone regained their lost weight more rapidly than those receiving cortisone alone. Growth hormone alone caused a slight increase in the rate of gain in weight over controls. Growth hormone alone did not increase resistance to infection, and did not increase the survival time, in mice infected with either pneumococci or influenza virus. Growth hormone in various dosages failed to overcome the effect of cortisone in depressing resistance to these infections. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, and corticotropin did not alter significantly the titers of influenza virus attained in the murine lungs during the first 2 days after infection, but cortisone and hydrocortisone markedly delayed the rate at which virus titers declined during the subsequent 6 days. Corticosterone and corticotropin delayed the rate at which the titers declined but slightly, and growth hormone had no apparent effect, as compared with controls. Growth hormone did not overcome the effect of cortisone and hydrocortisone on viral titers. No detectable antibody was found as late as 6 days after infection, in controls or in hormone-treated animals.
Herpesvirus glycoprotein synthesis and insertion into plasma membranes (1982)

In the presence of the antibiotic tunicamycin (TM), glycosylation of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins is inhibited and non-glycosylated polypeptides analogous to the glycoproteins are synthesized (Pizer et al., J. Virol. 34:142-153, 1980). The synthesis of viral proteins and DNA occurs in TM-treated cells. By electron microscopy, nucleocapsids can be observed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of TM-treated cells; a small number of enveloped virions were observed on the cell surface. Analyses of the proteins in partially purified virus readily detects viral glycoproteins in the control cells, but neither glycoproteins nor nonglycosylated polypeptide analogs were observed in the virus prepared from TM-treated cells. By labeling the surface of infected cells with 125I, viral glycoproteins were detected as soon as 90 min after infection even when protein synthesis was inhibited with cycloheximide and glycosylation was blocked with TM. Labeling the proteins synthesized in infected cells with [35S]methionine showed that the surface glycoproteins detected in the cycloheximide- and TM-treated cells were not synthesized de novo after infection, but were placed on the cell surface by the infecting virus. Studies with metabolic inhibitors and a temperature-sensitive mutant blocked early in the infectious cycle showed that glycoproteins gA/gB and gD were synthesized soon after infection, but that the synthesis of gC was delayed. Under conditions of infection, in which gC and its precursor pgC are not produced, we have been able to observe the relationships between the glycosylated polypeptides that correspond to pgA/pgB and the nonglycosylated analog made in the presence of TM.
On consolidation model in e‐bill presentment and payment (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi‐user electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP) model that would enhance the present billing systems as well as overcome the problems of periodic generation of billing reports and mail volumes. Design/methodology/approach The paper evaluates three existing models of EBPP: Biller‐direct, consolidation, and invited pull models and identifies their limitations. Then, the thin consolidation model approach is modified by developing an Extensible Hypertext Markup Language based architecture that is capable of consolidating billing reports from a variety of disparate heterogeneous sources. The modified model is implemented using two case studies. Findings The modified consolidation model of the EBPP enhances quick subsequent notification of bills to the consumer for goods or services previously rendered. In the model, a user could pay for multiple services rendered by companies; this in turn overcomes mail volumes. Originality/value This paper develops a data integration and unification architecture that will allow billing reports from multiple billers to be integrated into a unified database.
Design of a SPDIF receiver using protocol compiler (1998)

This paper describes the design of a receiver for the digital audio signal SPDIF used by CD-ROM players. The design was done with Protocol Compiler, a high-level synthesis tool for the design of structured data stream processing controllers.
CVM을 이용한 개인정보 유출의 손실가치 분석 (2008)

본 연구는 기업이 보유하고 있는 개인정보가 유출되어 발생시키는 경제적 손실을 계산하고자 시도하였다. 이를 위해 1) 정보유출로 피해를 본 개인이 수용 가능한 손해 배상액을 계산하였다. 이를 위해 실태조사를 통해 나온 결과를 이용하여 이중양분선택 가상가치측정법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 다음으로 2) 언론 매체에 발표되거나 정보보호진흥원에 신고된 개인정보 유출 피해에 대한 피해 건수를 조사하였다. 이 과정을 통해 개인정보 유출에 대한 경제적 손실액을 계산하면 다음과 같다. 우리나라에서 발생한 개인정보 유출 사건은 2005년도의 경우 총 36건에 피해자는 127만 명에 이르며, 2006년에는 83건의 사건이 발생하여 총 428만 명의 피해자가 발생한 것으로 조사되었다. 이 중에서 50% 이상이 개인 고유정보 유출로 인한 피해이며, 다음이 통신정보, 위치정보, 금융정보의 유출로 피해가 발생하였다. 실태조사에 의한 자료를 이용하여 정보소유자가 기업에게 제공한 개인정보가 유출되어 피해를 본 경우, 대표적 개인의 수용 의사액, 즉 손해 배상금으로 요구 가능한 금액은 피해 건당 756만원으로 추정되었다. 2006년을 기준으로 개인정보 유출 건수를 428만 건으로 볼 때, 개인정보 유출의 잠재적 손실액 규모는 대략 32조원에 이른다. 우리나라는 정보화 속도가 다른 국가에 비해 매우 빨리 진행되고 있으며, 개인정보가 기업의 마케팅 생산성을 향상시키는 필수적인 요소로 자리매김하였다. 또한 정보통신기술의 발달은 위치정보, 바이오정보, 영상정보 등 새로운 형태의 개인정보를 생산하고 있다. 정보화의 진전과 정보통신에 대한 활용이 보편화되면, 인터넷 상에서 개인정보 유출에 따른 경제적 손실은 더욱 커질 전망이다. 기업의 입장에서 보면, 개인정보 유출로 생기는 손실은 기업의 마케팅 생산성을 저하시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 이러한 손실을 회피하고 기업의 마케팅 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 정보보호 투자를 증대시켜야 한다. 즉, 최근 기업의 마케팅 생산성 향상을 위해 도입되고 있는 데이터베이스 마케팅이나 고객 관계 관리 등을 활성화하기 위해서는 개인정보 유출이 합리적으로 방지되어야 한다. 다시 말해, 개인정보의 적극적인 활용은 기업의 마케팅 생산성 향상에 필수적이다. 그러나 특히 인터넷 상에서 정보보안이 미비하여 기업이 보유하고 있는 개인정보가 유출되면 정보유출에 따른 손실이 발생하고, 이는 기업의 마케팅 생산성 제고에 부정적인 요인으로 生産性論集 第22券 第2號 (2008 年 6月) 22작용할 수 있다. 이러한 견지에서 볼 때, 본 연구의 결과는 개인정보 유출에 대한 손실의 크기를 파악할 수 있는 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 상기와 같이 개인정보 유출의 잠재적 손실가치를 생각한다면, 정보 유출을 사전에 차단할 수 있는 법적, 제도적 정비가 절실히 요구된다.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on fatty acid desaturation in<i>Mortierella alpina</i> 1S‐4 and rat liver microsomes (1992)

An extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longta L. (turmeric) inhibited the desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the arachidonic acid (AA) producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. The factor responsible for this phenomenon was isolated and identified as curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Mycelial DGLA levels increased about two-fold (22.3 mg/g dry weight) with a concomitant decrease in AA levels when the fungus was cultivated with curcumin. The 50% inhibitory concentration against delta 5 desaturase was 27.2 microM. Curcumin also inhibited rat liver microsomal delta 5 and delta 6 desaturases.
Insulin Therapy Improves Insulin-Stimulated Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Ischemic Heart Disease (2001)

Blunted insulin-stimulated endothelial function may be a mechanism for the development of atherothrombotic disease in type 2 diabetes, but it is unknown whether hypoglycemic drug therapy can modulate this abnormality. We studied patients with type 2 diabetes and stable ischemic heart disease (n = 28) and lean, healthy control subjects (n = 31). Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography during dose-response studies of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infused into the brachial artery. In the patients and 10 healthy control subjects, ACh was repeated after intrabrachial infusion of insulin. Patients were restudied after 2 months of insulin therapy with four daily subcutaneous injections (treatment group, n = 19) or without hypoglycemic drug therapy (time control group, n = 9). Insulin infusion raised venous serum insulin in the forearm to high physiological levels (133 +/- 14.6 mU/l in patients) with a minor increase in systemic venous serum insulin. This increased the ACh response by 149 +/- 47, 110 +/- 33, 100 +/- 45, and 106 +/- 44% during the four ACh doses in healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001) but had no effect in patients (P = 0.3). After 2 months, HbA(1c) in the treatment group had decreased from 10.0 +/- 0.4 to 7.5 +/- 0.2%. Although neither the ACh response (P = 0.09) nor the SNP response (P = 0.4) had changed significantly, insulin stimulation had a significant effect, as the ACh response increased by 58 +/- 25, 84 +/- 66, 120 +/- 93, and 69 +/- 36% (P = 0.0002). In the time control group, insulin stimulation remained without effect after 8 weeks (P = 0.7). In conclusion, insulin therapy partly restores insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease.
Combinatorial control of gene expression by the three yeast repressors Mig1, Mig2 and Mig3 (2008)

Mig2 fine-tunes glucose repression by targeting a subset of the Mig1-repressed genes, and by responding to higher glucose concentrations. Mig3 does not target the same genes as Mig1 and Mig2, but instead downregulates the SIR2 gene.
The Control of Flowering Time and Floral Identity in Arabidopsis1 (1998)

The reproductive success of plant varieties is often dependent on their flowering time being adapted to the environment in which they grow. This adaptation involves the regulation of flowering by environmental stimuli such as temperature and day length. Classic grafting experiments performed in
A frequency synthesizer for UWB transceiver in 0.13&amp;#x03BC;m CMOS technology (2006)

A 3 to 5GHz fast hopping frequency synthesizer for multi-band OFDM UWB applications is designed using 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The frequency synthesizer operates in the "Mode 1" bands (centered at 3432MHz 3960MHz, and 4488MHz). Single-sideband mixer up converts or down-converts the 528MHz quadrature signals of ring VCO mixing 3960MHz LC VCO signals. The sideband suppression is less than -40dBc for 3432MHs and -32dBc for 4488MHz and band switching time from 4488MHz to 3432MHz is measured about 1.5ns. Phase noise of the LC VCO and the ring VCO is about -115dBc/Hz and 93dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency, respectively. The total power consumption of the proposed frequency synthesizer is about 62mW with a 1.5V supply voltage.
Antiviral activity of<i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>SPM1605 against Coxsackievirus B3 (2014)

Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>, 2 <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> and 1 <i>Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum</i> had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. <i>B. adolescentis</i> SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated <i>B. adolescentis</i> SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by <i>B. adolescentis</i> SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that <i>B. adolescentis</i> SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.
Interfacing intraframe d.p.c.m. with conditional replenishment coding for viewphone signals (1978)

Conditional replenishment is a coding technique that is particularly efficient at exploiting the large frame-to-frame redundancies that exist in visual telephone or visual conferencing signals. However such techniques are necessarily complex and their cost of implementation may, in the case of lightly loaded routes, outweigh the saving in transmission capacity. It is therefore possible that on such routes, cheaper, less efficient, techniques such as differential p.c.m. (d.p.c.m.) will be used, thereby creating an interface between links employing different methods of source coding. The compatibility problems that exist at this interface are discussed and an experimental system is described that accepts a d.p.c.m. signal at 8 Mbit/s and uses a novel interfacing technique to take advantage of frame-to-frame correlation and the statistical distribution of the samples within the moving areas for transmission at 2 Mbit/s
A Case of Periprocedural Discontinuation of Apixaban Resulting in Intra-aortic Thrombosis (2016)

Apixaban, a novel oral anticoagulant is approved for anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Apixaban is found to be superior to warfarin in prevention of stroke and thromboembolism and is associated with lesser risk of bleeding. Peri-procedural discontinuation of apixaban is safe, but the risk of thrombosis exists. We here present a case of arterial thrombosis that lead to lower limb ischemia upon periprocedural discontinuation of apixaban.
ECO: Efficient Convolution Operators for Tracking (2017)

In recent years, Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) based methods have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in tracking. However, in the pursuit of ever increasing tracking performance, their characteristic speed and real-time capability have gradually faded. Further, the increasingly complex models, with massive number of trainable parameters, have introduced the risk of severe over-fitting. In this work, we tackle the key causes behind the problems of computational complexity and over-fitting, with the aim of simultaneously improving both speed and performance. We revisit the core DCF formulation and introduce: (i) a factorized convolution operator, which drastically reduces the number of parameters in the model, (ii) a compact generative model of the training sample distribution, that significantly reduces memory and time complexity, while providing better diversity of samples, (iii) a conservative model update strategy with improved robustness and reduced complexity. We perform comprehensive experiments on four benchmarks: VOT2016, UAV123, OTB-2015, and TempleColor. When using expensive deep features, our tracker provides a 20-fold speedup and achieves a 13.0% relative gain in Expected Average Overlap compared to the top ranked method [12] in the VOT2016 challenge. Moreover, our fast variant, using hand-crafted features, operates at 60 Hz on a single CPU, while obtaining 65.0% AUC on OTB-2015.
Louisiana Diabetes Excellence Initiative: Accomplishing Excellence in Diabetes Self-Management in a Rural Community (2013)

Aims: To evaluate the impact of diabetes self-management interventions implemented as a part of Louisiana Diabetes Excellence Initiative (LaDEI) Methods: Mixed methods were used for impact evaluation. Quantitative measures included clinical measures, self-management activities and participation rates. Qualitative measures included individual interviews with the clinical staff at the intervention site as well as with the clinical staff of a comparison clinical site that did not offer any specific interventions targeting type-II diabetes. Results: Clinical measures including lipid profile, controlled hypertension and obesity (body mass index) improved over the two-year period. Qualitative data indicated a high level of satisfaction among the providers and improved patient compliance. The comparison site indicated a high drop-out rate of their patients with diabetes and demonstrated a need to have community-based interventions targeting diabetes. Conclusions: Results if this initiative indicates a need to implement more interventions involving self-management activities to reduce the burden of diabetes among rural and underserved populations.