gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B-Cell Epitopes in GroEL of Francisella tularensis (2014)

The chaperonin protein GroEL, also known as heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), is a prominent antigen in the human and mouse antibody response to the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft), the causative agent of tularemia. In addition to its presumed cytoplasmic location, FtGroEL has been reported to be a potential component of the bacterial surface and to be released from the bacteria. In the current study, 13 IgG2a and one IgG3 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for FtGroEL were classified into eleven unique groups based on shared VH-VL germline genes, and seven crossblocking profiles revealing at least three non-overlapping epitope areas in competition ELISA. In a mouse model of respiratory tularemia with the highly pathogenic Ft type A strain SchuS4, the Ab64 and N200 IgG2a mAbs, which block each other's binding to and are sensitive to the same two point mutations in FtGroEL, reduced bacterial burden indicating that they target protective GroEL B-cell epitopes. The Ab64 and N200 epitopes, as well as those of three other mAbs with different crossblocking profiles, Ab53, N3, and N30, were mapped by hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (DXMS) and visualized on a homology model of FtGroEL. This model was further supported by its experimentally-validated computational docking to the X-ray crystal structures of Ab64 and Ab53 Fabs. The structural analysis and DXMS profiles of the Ab64 and N200 mAbs suggest that their protective effects may be due to induction or stabilization of a conformational change in FtGroEL.
Algorithms for the shortest exact common superstring problem (2000)

The Shortest Exact Common Superstring (SECS) problem is: Given a set of strings f = {w1; w2; : : :;wn}, where no wi is an exact substring of wj , i ≠j, find a shortest string Se such that every string of f is an exact substring of Se. When the number of the strings n > 2, the SECS problem becomes NP-complete. In this paper, we present an exact SECS algorithm and a greedy approximation one. Our greedy algorithm is a1/2-approximation for the SECS problem. Our exact SECS algorithm and our greedy one are, respectively, of complexities O(n n ) and O(n 2 (l +log(n))) in computing time, where n is the number of the strings and l is the maximum length of a string. Our SECSalgorithms are based on the computation of the Length of the Exact Longest Overlap (LELO).
Verification and validation of an electrode array for a blink prosthesis for facial paralysis patients (2013)

We are developing an implantable functional electrical stimulation (FES) system to restore eye blink activity in patients with unilateral paralysis. This implantable system will record blink from the contralateral, neurally-intact eyelid to use as a timing signal for stimulation of the paretic eyelid. An implantable electrode array for stimulating the paralyzed eyelid should be both thin and highly flexible. We have developed a novel conductive polymer electrode array by depositing a platinum-doped ink on a nonconductive polymer substrate. To test the mechanical stability of this structure we conducted an in vitro study to flex the test structure over a bend radius while monitoring electrode impedance over 25 million cycles so far. The size of device was validated by implanting the device in a cadaveric eyelid to assess surgical access questions. In addition, we have conducted preliminary in vivo studies in animal subjects to validate this engineering approach. This chronic study has validated the stability of the array to withstand the mechanical rigors of surgical implantation.
Double Negative Differential Transconductance Characteristic: From Device to Circuit Application toward Quaternary Inverter (2019)

Abstract Multi‐valued logic (MVL) computing, which uses more than three logical states, is a promising future technology for handling huge amounts of data in the forthcoming “big data” era. The feasibility of MVL computing depends on the development of new concept devices/circuits beyond the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This is because many CMOS devices are required to implement basic MVL functions, such as multilevel NOT, AND, and OR. In this study, a novel MVL device is reported with a complementarily controllable potential well, featuring the negative differential transconductance (NDT) phenomenon. This NDT device implemented on the WS 2 –graphene–WSe 2 van der Waals heterostructure is evolved to a double‐NDT device operating on the basis of two consecutive NDT phenomena via structural engineering and parallel device configuration. This double‐NDT device is intensively analyzed via atomic force microscopy, kelvin probe force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and temperature‐dependent electrical measurement to gain a detailed understanding of its operating mechanism. Finally, the operation of a quaternary inverter configured with the double‐peak NDT device and a p‐channel transistor through Cadence circuit simulation is theoretically demonstrated.
Antibody-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Oxidation of Vanillylmandelic Acid (1998)

The most important industrial process for the synthesis of vanillin is performed in two steps involving an electrophilic aromatic substitution of glyoxylic acid on guaiacol followed by an oxidative decarboxylation of the intermediary α-hydroxy acids formed, thereby producing not only vanillin, but also byproducts which have to be eliminated. In the present study, we took advantage of the high specificity of catalytic antibodies to improve the synthesis of vanillin. Among 11 monoclonal antibodies elicited against the quaternary ammonium hapten H3, antibody H3-12 was found to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), the precursor of vanillin, in the presence of sodium metaperiodate. The kinetic data of the antibody-catalyzed reaction are consistent with an ordered binding mechanism. At pH 9.0, H3-12 catalyzed the transformation of VMA into vanillin with a kcat of 2.70 min-1, a Michaelis−Menten constant Ka for the binary complex of 260 μM, and a Kb for the ternary complex of 2100 μM. The catalyzed reaction was fully inhibited by a hapten analogue with a Ki of 10 μM. The fine specificity of anti-H3 monoclonal antibodies was determined using H3-related compounds with a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Controls demonstrating that catalytic activity is actually related to antibody binding, and mechanistic studies, are also presented.
Managing diabetes in the presence of renal impairment (2017)

Chronic kidney disease is common in patients with diabetes and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the challenges of maintaining good glycaemic control and addressing modifiable risk factors in patients with diabetes and renal impairment.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase and Ribonuclease H Activities by Constituents of Juglans mandshurica. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Creation versus interpretation (1992)

Although in this particular instance there was no reason why Pinter should have taken the enquiry seriously, the letter still illustrates one of the conundrums that face writers and interpreters of their work - and that is to what extent do the interpreters have the right to delve into a writer's life in order to understand the work? More specifically, perhaps, do they need to understand the writer in order to understand the work?
Combination of Time-of-Flight depth and stereo using semiglobal optimization (2011)

A growing number of modern computer vision applications like object recognition, collision avoidance and scene understanding demand accurate and dense 3D representations of their environment. To improve existing procedures for 3D data acquisition this paper proposes a novel method for sensor combination on a stereo and a Time-of-Flight camera system. By calibrating the two sensor systems to each other, valid measurements from the 2.5D Time-of-Flight sensor are converted to disparity guesses within the stereo system. The disparity guesses from the Time-of-Flight data constrain the correspondence search results from the stereo matching algorithm. It is empirically shown, that the proposed method effectively enhance the results from stereo vision, especially in structureless areas where stereo correspondence search fails. The method is evaluated on the camera system of the service robot Care-O-bot® 3.
Inhibition of the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Replicon with Nuclease-Resistant RNA Aptamers (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-encoded nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity, which is considered essential for viral proliferation. Thus, HCV NS5B is a good therapeutic target protein for the development of anti-HCV agents. In this study, we isolated two different kinds of nuclease-resistant RNA aptamers with 2'-fluoro pyrimidines against the HCV NS5B from a combinatorial RNA library with 40 nucleotide random sequences, using SELEX technology. The isolated RNA aptamers were observed to specifically and avidly bind the HCV NS5B with an apparent K d of 5 nM and 18 nM, respectively, in contrast with the original RNA library that hardly bound the target protein. Moreover, these aptamers could partially inhibit RNA synthesis of the HCV subgenomic replicon when transfected into Huh-7 hepatoma cell lines. These results suggest that the RNA aptamers selected in vitro could be useful not only as therapeutic agents of HCV infection but also as a powerful tool for the study of the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mechanism.
Some properties of the smooth muscle of rabbit portal vein (1968)

1. The morphology of the smooth muscle of the rabbit portal vein and its innervation were studied with fluorescence and electron microscopy. Two layers of smooth muscle were observed in the tunica media: an inner layer of circularly arranged muscle cells and an outer layer consisting of bundles of smooth muscle cells arranged in a near longitudinal direction. The membranes of neighbouring smooth muscle cells were occasionally fused to form ;tight junctions'.2. Bundles of non-myelinated nerve fibres were observed in the adventitia, and between bundles and layers of smooth muscle cells in the media. Studies on longitudinal sections with fluorescence microscopy revealed a network of varicose noradrenergic axons.3. Electrical and mechanical activity was recorded from longitudinal strips of smooth muscle from the media of the vein with a sucrose-gap apparatus.4. The preparation was spontaneously active under minimal resting tension (less than 150 mg) and at temperatures above 28 degrees C. Slow depolarizations led to a burst of spikes (multi-spike complexes), which corresponded to rhythmic contractions. In 10% of preparations, the interval between multi-spike complexes showed a slower depolarization, suggesting the record was from a pace-maker region.5. The frequency of spontaneous activity (3-27 beats/min) was very sensitive to changes in temperature and tension.6. Noradrenaline in low doses (0.01 mug) caused an increase in frequency of the multi-spike complexes. Higher doses (0.1-0.3 mug) initiated continuous high-frequency spiking, while very high doses (0.6-2.0 mug) caused maintained depolarization.7. Responses to repetitive electrical stimulation of the vein were qualitatively similar to those in response to exogenous noradrenaline. The relation between the mechanical response and the various parameters of stimulation was consistent with the stimulation of sympathetic nerve fibres in the wall of the vein.8. The actions of isoprenaline, phentolamine and propranolol indicated the presence of alpha ;excitatory' and beta ;inhibitory' adrenotrophic receptors on the smooth muscle.
Handbook for the Chemical Analysis of Plastic and Polymer Additives (2015)

Polymers have undoubtedly changed the world through many products that improve our lives. However, additives used to modify the overall characteristics of these materials may not be fully disclosed or understood. These additives may present possible environmental and health hazards. It is important to monitor consumer products for these compounds u
A subexponential algorithm for abstract optimization problems (1992)

An abstract optimization problem (AOP) is a triple (H,<, phi ) where H is a finite set, < a linear order on 2/sup H/ and phi an oracle that, for given F contained in G contained in H, determines whether F=min(2/sup G/), and if not, returns a smaller set. To solve the problem means to find min(2/sup H/). The author presents a randomized algorithm that solves any AOP with an expected number of O(e/sup O( square root mod H mod )/) oracle calls. In contrast, any deterministic algorithm needs to make 2/sup mod H mod /-1 oracle calls in the worst case. The algorithm is applied to the problem of finding the minimum distance of two polyhedra in d-space, which gives the first subexponential bound in d for this problem. Another application is the computation of the smallest ball containing n points in d-space; the previous bounds for this problem were also exponential in d.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclear Power Plant Training Simulator Fidelity Assessment (1985)

The fidelity assessment portion, of a methodology for evaluating nuclear power plant simulation facilities in regards to their appropriateness for conducting the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's operating test, was described. The need for fidelity assessment, data sources, and fidelity data which need to be collected were addressed. Fidelity data recording, collection, and analysis was discussed. The processes for drawing conclusions from the fidelity assessment and evaluating the adequacy of the simulator control-room layout were presented.
Applying marine protected area design models in large estuarine systems (2008)

Several types of design models are currently being used to develop marine protected areas (MPAs) for conservation of coastal and pelagic ecosystems. However, few studies have applied these models in large estuaries which have unique characteristics that need to be considered in MPA design, including strong physical, chemical and biological gradients and significant human impacts. We explored how one design model, MARXAN, can be applied to estuarine systems by developing MPA design scenarios for Long Island Sound, an estuary in the northeastern USA. Using sedimentary texture as a proxy for habitats, we modeled and tested several scenarios where conservation goals differed with respect to location and spatial scale but included 10 to 20% representation of target habitats and spatially contiguous MPAs. When the entire estuary was modeled, potentially critical locations were not included in the solutions. Dividing the estuary into regions to account for spatial gradients proved a better approach. Final MPA solutions were tested for effectiveness by comparing benthic species richness and community composition inside and outside solutions. Solutions in the eastern region of Long Island Sound generally contained higher species richness, likely due to the inclusion of highly heterogeneous portions of the sea floor within most solutions, but community composition varied. In contrast, solutions in the western/central region of the estuary usually had lower species richness but similar community composition. We also made preliminary assessments of how human activities, including dredge disposal, resource extraction and sediment pollution, might affect MPA design in estuaries. Our results illustrate potential conflicts that may arise due to the geographic location of best MPA candidate areas in estuarine regions with environmental impacts and human activities. Several tradeoffs will likely affect MPA design and selection in large estuarine systems, and MPA design models may prove useful in focusing these efforts.
Performance of CDMA smart antenna systems (2002)

Preliminary radio frequency (RF) field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of smart antenna systems for code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Besides conventional multipath fading problems, CDMA schemes are subject to near-far problems. The IS-95 CDMA system uses a 1/3 convolutional encoder and an interleaver to mitigate the fading problem and uses feedback power control schemes to equalize the powers of all the uplink co-channel signals. We evaluate the performance of the IS-95 standard implemented on a smart antenna system in a slow-fading environment. In particular, we evaluate the effects of imprecise power control, convolutional coding, and different beamforming techniques for a CDMA smart antenna system. Our results show that the smart antennas are not so sensitive to imperfect power control and that the optimal (Wiener) beamforming technique outperforms the simple beamforming approach. The most interesting result is that the effect of convolutional coding is not so significant for a smart antenna system than for an single antenna system. Based on our limited experimental results, we found that the 3 times bandwidth dedicated to the 1/3 convolutional encoding is better used to increase the spreading factor in a CDMA smart antenna system, leading to reduced cost and perhaps better performance.
Potential in vitro Protective Effect of Quercetin, Catechin, Caffeic Acid and Phytic Acid against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in SK-Hep-1 Cells (2012)

Phytochemicals have been known to exhibit potent antioxidant activity. This study examined cytoprotective effects of phytochemicals including quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid, and phytic acid against oxidative damage in SK-Hep-1 cells induced by the oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol. Exposure of the cells to excess ethanol resulted in a significant increase in cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and antioxidant enzyme activity. Excess ethanol also caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the quantity of reduced glutathione (GSH). Co-treatment of cells with ethanol and quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid and phytic acid significantly inhibited oxidative ethanol metabolism-induced cytotoxicity by blocking ROS production. When the cells were treated with ethanol after pretreatment of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), increased cytotoxicity, ROS production, antioxidant enzyme activity, and loss of MMP were observed. The addition of quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid and phytic acid to these cells showed suppression of non-oxidative ethanol metabolism-induced cytotoxicity, similar to oxidative ethanol metabolism. These results suggest that quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid and phytic acid have protective effects against ethanol metabolism-induced oxidative insult in SK-Hep-1 cells by blocking ROS production and elevating antioxidant potentials.
Exploring tick saliva: from biochemistry to ‘sialomes’ and functional genomics (2004)

Tick saliva, a fluid once believed to be only relevant for lubrication of mouthparts and water balance, is now well known to be a cocktail of potent anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that helps these arthropods obtain a blood meal from their vertebrate hosts. The repertoire of pharmacologically active components in this cocktail is impressive as well as the number of targets they specifically affect. These salivary components change the physiology of the host at the bite site and, consequently, some pathogens transmitted by ticks take advantage of this change and become more infective. Tick salivary proteins have therefore become an attractive target to control tick-borne diseases. Recent advances in molecular biology, protein chemistry and computational biology are accelerating the isolation, sequencing and analysis of a large number of transcripts and proteins from the saliva of different ticks. Many of these newly isolated genes code for proteins with homologies to known proteins allowing identification or prediction of their function. However, most of these genes code for proteins with unknown functions therefore opening the road to functional genomic approaches to identify their biological activities and roles in blood feeding and hence, vaccine development to control tick-borne diseases.
Privilege transfer and revocation in a port-based system (1986)

Gutenberg is a port-based operating system being designed to study protection issues in distributed systems. All shared resources are viewed as protected objects and hence can be assessed only via specific operations defined on them. Processes communicate and access objects through the use of ports. Each port is associated with an abstract data type operation and can be created by a process only if the process has the capability to execute the operation on the type. Thus, a port represents the privilege of the port's client process to request a service. Capabilities to create ports for requesting operations are contained in a capability directory, which is navigated by processes to gain these capabilities. Privilege transfer is a means of providing servers access to the resources they need to perform their services. In Gutenberg, privilege transfer is accomplished by allowing access to subdirectories of the capability directory and by passing capabilities, including port access capabilities, to processes via ports. It should be possible to revoke transferred privileges when breaches of trust are detected or suspected, when a period of time has passed beyond which the distributor of a privilege does not want the privilege shared, or when an error has been detected.
Multicarrier Transmission using Hadamard Transform for Optical Communications (2013)

The multicarrier transmission using Hadamard transform for optical communications is a cost effective alternative compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems because of its significantly reduced hardware complexity. Especially it is suitable for shorter links of around 5 km as is usually the case for access, campus and inhouse networks. 1
Parallel Hashing Memories:-an Alternative to Content Addressable Memories (2005)

Content addressable memories, or CAMs, are commonly used in applications requiring high speed access to data sets. This technology allows data items to be accessed in constant time based on content rather than on address. Unfortunately, this technology has several drawbacks: it occupies more die area per bit, costs more, dissipates more power, and has a higher latency. This article proposes an alternative to CAM technology based on a parallel hashing architecture. Simulations show that CAM performances can be matched and even surpassed while reducing cost and power consumption. The tradeoffs that exist between performance and cost are explored in the paper.
A new electromagnetic micromotor with the large torgue (1999)

This paper has advanced a kind of micro electromagnet motor with low rotational speed and high torque output: top-face-sway micro electromagnet motor. It' s working principle is as following: under the rotating electromagnet' s force, the motor' s cone shape rotor makes pure rolling on the inner cone face of the stator and thus the output axle' s rotation comes into being. Through testing, it' s rotation ranges is 20-860rpm with larger than 10 μ Nm torque output. The result of the experiment show that with the same input power, this kind of micromotor has larger torque output than others' with the same volume. It has a wide applying prospect.