gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of a microgenetic algorithm (MGA) to the design of broadband microwave absorbers using multiple frequency selective surface screens buried in dielectrics (2002)

Over the years, frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) have found frequent use as radomes and spatial filters in both commercial and military applications. In the literature, the problem of synthesizing broadband microwave absorbers using multilayered dielectrics through the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) have been dealt with successfully. Spatial filters employing multiple, freestanding, FSS screens have been successfully designed by utilizing a domain-decomposed GA. We present a procedure for synthesizing broadband microwave absorbers by using multiple FSS screens buried in a dielectric composite. A binary coded microgenetic algorithm (MGA) is applied to optimize various parameters, viz., the thickness and relative permittivity of each dielectric layer; the FSS screen designs and materials; their x- and y-periodicities; and their placement within the dielectric composite. The result is a multilayer composite that provides maximum absorption of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves simultaneously for a prescribed range of frequencies and incident angles. This technique automatically places an upper bound on the total thickness of the composite. While a single FSS screen is analyzed using the electric field integral equation (EFIE), multiple FSS screens are analyzed using the scattering matrix technique.
Subaperture processing for ultrasonic imaging (1998)

Ultrasonic subaperture processing using aperture synthesis and beam space interpolation is presented. The number of beam lines scanning the image plane for a given transmit-receive subaperture combination is chosen according to the spatial sampling criteria for that combination. On each beam line, echo signals over the entire array are collected through electronic multiplexing of array channels, where the transmit subaperture at the transducer center is fired K successive times, with K equal to the number of nonoverlapping receive subapertures. For every receive subaperture, the number of beam lines is increased through digital interpolation using a linear filter with spatial frequency band associated with the subaperture. Interpolated beam lines from all receive subapertures are then added to obtain a high resolution sector image. The efficiency of subaperture processing for different system configurations is tested on experimental rf data acquired from two different phantoms using a 3.5 MHz, 128-element transducer array. The proposed subaperture processing reduces the number of firings for data acquisition, and thus allows real-time imaging with very low susceptibility to motion artifacts.
The <i>Dlx5</i> and <i>Dlx6</i> homeobox genes are essential for craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal development (2002)

Dlx homeobox genes are mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Distal-less (Dll) gene. The Dlx/Dll gene family is of ancient origin and appears to play a role in appendage development in essentially all species in which it has been identified. In Drosophila, Dll is expressed in the distal portion of the developing appendages and is critical for the development of distal structures. In addition, human Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes have been identified as possible candidate genes for the autosomal dominant form of the split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM), a heterogeneous limb disorder characterized by missing central digits and claw-like distal extremities. Targeted inactivation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 genes in mice results in severe craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal abnormalities, leading to perinatal lethality. For the first time, Dlx/Dll gene products are shown to be critical regulators of mammalian limb development, as combined loss-of-function mutations phenocopy SHFM. Furthermore, spatiotemporal-specific transgenic overexpression of Dlx5, in the apical ectodermal ridge of Dlx5/6 null mice can fully rescue Dlx/Dll function in limb outgrowth.
The Swelling Response of Loblolly Pine(Pinus taeda) Juvenile Wood to Water Submersion (2005)

Juvenile and transitional-juvenile wood samples from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were immersed in water to investigate longitudinal and tangential swelling properties. Increment cores from twenty-six loblolly pine trees were sampled at breast height (1.37 m). Earlywood rings 5 and 9 were separated from the core, extracted, oven-dried and immersed in water at room temperature. The variance in longitudinal swell was significant for ring 5 compared to ring 9 (p = 0.001). It was found that tangential swell might predict longitudinal swelling of juvenile wood at ring 9 but not at ring 5. Poor correlation in ring 5 suggests that swelling response in younger juvenile wood may differ. The swell response at ring 5 did not follow the shrinkage models discussed in the literature while ring 9 adhered to the expected curve.
Animation realiste de vetements (1997)

L'animation des tissus et la realisation de vetements de synthese font l'objet de nombreuses recherches en informatique graphique. L'approche la plus developpee consiste a representer les tissus par une surface elastique continue. Nous nous placons dans un cadre similaire, puisque pour nous, un tissu est un systeme masses-ressorts, soumis aux lois de la dynamique. Le gros desavantage des modeles elastiques classiques, c'est qu'ils sont d'autant plus chers en calculs que l'on desire obtenir un comportement plus rigide. On est alors vite limite en ce qui concerne les tissus, qui sont souvent tres rigides en traction (cas du denim ou de la toile de coton par exemple). Pour pallier cet inconvenient, nous avons developpe une methode de controle du taux de deformation qui permet d'obtenir des comportements plus rigides, sans presque aucun cout de calcul supplementaire. L'animation des tissus et des vetements requiert la gestion des collisions de ces tissus avec des objets, ou avec eux-memes. La gestion des collisions comprend dans un premier temps la detection des collisions et dans un deuxieme temps le calcul de la reponse aux collisions. Nous avons particulierement etudie la reponse, qui pose de nombreux problemes de robustesse. Pour les resoudre, nous proposons une methode originale de detection et de traitement des zones de collisions complexes. Enfin, notre modele de tissu a ete utilise pour realiser des vetements (chemise et pantalon a pinces), a partir de patrons industriels reels, assembles sur un mannequin tridimensionnel.
Aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention of acute coronary thrombosis complicating coronary angioplasty. (1987)

To test the hypothesis that pretreatment with adequate antiplatelet therapy reduces the likelihood of acute coronary thrombosis during routine percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), we reviewed, blinded to treatment group, the films and records of 300 consecutive initially successful PTCAs. Films before PTCA, immediately after, and at least 30 min after the last balloon inflation were assessed for the presence of any thrombus at the PTCA site. We excluded 37 patients who received streptokinase before PTCA or who had 100% occlusion or thrombus on pre-PTCA films. New thrombi were classified as clinically significant (defined as causing 100% occlusion or requiring emergency surgery or streptokinase therapy) or as not significant (not causing an acute problem or requiring intervention). Patients were classified into three groups, based on the type and extent of antiplatelet therapy received. Group 1 (no aspirin, n = 121) consisted of patients who did not receive aspirin either before admission or in hospital before PTCA (with or without dipyridamole). Group 2 (standard treatment, n = 110) received aspirin with or without dipyridamole but did not receive both drugs before admission and in hospital before PTCA. Group 3 (maximal treatment, n = 32) received both aspirin and dipyridamole before admission and in hospital before PTCA. New thrombi were detected at 39 (14.8%) PTCA sites, of which 15 (5.7% of all PTCA sites) were considered clinically significant. Group 1 had the highest incidence of both thrombus (21.5%) and clinically significant thrombus (10.7%). A reduction was seen in group 2 in thrombus (11.8%; p = .07) and in clinically significant thrombus (1.8%; p = .005). Group 3 had no thrombus (p = .001) and no clinically significant thrombus (p = .04). In addition to inadequate pretreatment with antiplatelet therapy, univariate analyses demonstrated several other risk factors for thrombus: higher percent diameter stenosis before PTCA (p less than .008), higher platelet count (p = .013), and current smoking (p = .03). Only higher platelet count (p less than .001) and inadequate pretreatment (p = .001) were associated with clinically significant thrombus. Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that for thrombus, the lack of effective antiplatelet therapy was the most discriminatory variable, followed by current smoking, higher percent diameter stenosis, and dissection. For clinically significant thrombus, once the lack of pretreatment with effective antiplatelet therapy was considered, no other factors added significant discriminatory information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ein neuer Zugang zu Zweiäquivalentkupplern für die Farbphotographie (1991)

Durch Einführung der Selen(IV)‐Gruppe in die Kupplungsstelle von Anilinopyrazolonen und Naphtholen, z.B. mit SeO 2 , gelingt erstmals die direkte Umwandlung der entsprechenden Vieräquivalentkuppler in Zweiäquivalentkuppler mit einer Triazolfluchtgruppe. So kann 1 mit SeO 2 zu 2 umgesetzt werden, das mit einem Benzotriazol unter Selenabspaltung zu 3 reagiert. magnified image
Conductimétrie des hydroxyaminoacides. Étude de quelques N-(hydroxy-2 alkyl) α-aminoacides et de leurs dérivés (chélates cuivriques et morpholones-2) (1960)

Apres correction de l’hydrolyse, les conductivites equivalentes obtenues pour quelques sels alcalins d’hydroxyamino-acides, sont comparees aux valeurs deduites des equations d’ONSAGER et FALKENHAGEN. La conductivite de ces sels et de quelques chelates cuivriques, rapportee aux activites moyenne α ± de DEBYE-HUCKEL, est pratiquement independante de la concentration et egale a Λ0 . Le rayon de STOKES est egalement etudie en fonction de la longueur maximum de l’ion considere.L’etude conductimetrique du dosage, directe et inverse, d’un aminoacide (AH)± met en evidence l’interet du dosage inverse, a la fois, pour la determination precise du point d’equivalence, et pour la mesure, par conductimetrie, a force ionique faible et invariable, de la constante d’ionisation. Une etude conductimetrique analogue, en solution aqueuse, de la reaction Cu++ + A2 Cu ࢐ 2 ACu+ permet de calculer le rapport des constantes de stabilite des deux chelates A2 Cu et ACu+ .La basicite des morpholones-2 et l’hydrolyse en solution aqueuse, froide, des ammoniums quaternaires correspondants, est precisee.
Systematics of signature inversion in odd-odd nuclei in the mass regions<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>80</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>160</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math> (2001)

Based on an axially symmetric rotor plus quasiparticles model, the study of the signature inversion (SI) in odd-odd nuclei in the mass region $A=160$ is extended to include the region $A=80.$ In spite of many differences between the two mass regions, the calculation results show that the possible SI mechanism, which has been confirmed by the calculation of odd-odd nuclei in the $A=160$ region (i.e., the competition between the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ interaction and the Coriolis force in low-$K$ space) is also appropriate for odd-odd nuclei in the $A=80$ region. This seems to indicate that there may be a universal mechanism of SI in odd-odd nuclei for different mass regions.
Trypsinogen variants in pancreatic juice of healthy volunteers, chronic alcoholics, and patients with pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas (1979)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pure pancreatic juice from 14 healthy normal subjects, 11 chronic alcoholics without detectable pancreatic disease, 15 patients with pancreatitis, and two with cancer of the pancreas consistently demonstrated the presence of two variants of trypsinogen with different electrophoretic mobilities. In healthy normal subjects the proportion of cationic to anionic trypsinogen was invariably greater than 1 and averaged about 2. In chronic alcoholics, patients with pancreatitis or cancer of the pancreas, this ratio, with a single exception, was below one and averaged about 0.45. The extraordinary consistency of these findings suggests that the quantitative relationship between cationic and anionic trypsinogen in human pancreatic juice may be a very sensitive indicator of incipient or existing pancreatic pathology. The most acceptable explanation for the reversal of the normal zymogen ratio in pancreatic disease is a selective increase in the synthesis of the anionic variant relative to that of the cationic species. Total trypsinogen concentrations differed widely from one another in the three patient groups, but the ratio of cationic to anionic trypsinogen exhibited little change and remained below 1. Our results also demonstrate for the first time a specific effect of chronic alcohol abuse on the secretory profile of a pancreatic enzyme in human subjects. A newly discovered minor, trypsinogen-like component of human pancreatic juice was found to be significantly increased in pancreatic juice of chronic alcoholics, decreased in pancreatic secretions of patients with pancreatitis, and barely detectable in those of two patients with cancer of the pancreas.
Robust Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control Using Angular Accelerometer Feedback (2018)

Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI) is a robust nonlinear control tech­nique that is an adaptation of nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI). By assuming time scale separation between fast and slow dynamics, and by using angular acceleration feedback, the inner loop of INDI directly controls angular accelerations with incremental control effector inputs. In practice, most applications rely on derivation and filtering of angular rates to obtain angular accelerations. The added steps in the feedback loop introduce transport delays and thereby reduce the tracking performance of the controller. Recent technolog­ical advancements in angular accelerometer design have made it feasible to use angular accelerometers for direct sensing of the accelerations. Simulations are done using a CS-25 type aircraft model in combination with real-world sensor characteristics and turbulence. The main contribution of this paper is the effects of using angular accelerometers in INDI control. Controller performance in the investigated configuration of angular accelerome­ ters, rate gyros and effector deflection sensors is limited by the high transport delays of the gyros. Using the angular accelerometer signals to obtain the rates, controller tracking performance is improved whilst requiring lower actuator effort. Further contributions are a study on angular accelerometer misalignment showing that INDI control rejects sensor misalignment successfully, and finally a study on the effects of using uncalibrated control effector deflection feedback showing the high sensitivity of INDI control to uncalibrated effector sensors.
Can recent innovations in harmonic analysis `explain' key findings in natural image statistics? (2001)

Recently, applied mathematicians have been pursuing the goal of sparse coding of certain mathematical models of images with edges. They have found by mathematical analysis that, instead of wavelets and Fourier methods, sparse coding leads towards new systems: ridgelets and curvelets. These new systems have elements distributed across a range of scales and locations, but also orientations. In fact they have highly direction-specific elements and exhibit increasing numbers of distinct directions as we go to successively finer scales. Meanwhile, researchers in natural scene statistics (NSS) have been attempting to find sparse codes for natural images. The new systems they have found by computational optimization have elements distributed across a range of scales and locations, but also orientations. The new systems are certainly unlike wavelet and Gabor systems, on the one hand because of the multi-orientation and on the other hand because of the multi-scale nature. There is a certain degree of visual resemblance between the findings in the two fields, which suggests the hypothesis that certain important findings in the NSS literature might possibly be explained by the slogan: edges are the dominant features in images, and curvelets are the right tool for representing edges. We consider here certain empirical consequences of this hypothesis, looking at key findings of the NSS literature and conducting studies of curvelet and ridgelet transforms on synthetic and real images, to see if the results are consistent with predictions from this slogan. Our first experiment measures the nonGaussianity of Fourier, wavelet, ridgelet and curvelet coefficients over a database of synthetic and photographic images. Empirically the curvelet coefficients exhibit noticeably higher kurtosis than wavelet, ridgelet, or Fourier coefficients. This is consistent with the hypothesis. Our second experiment studies the inter-scale correlation of wavelet coefficient energies at the same location. We describe a simple experiment showing that presence of edges explains these correlations. We also develop a crude nonlinear 'partial correlation' by considering the correlation between wavelet parents and children after a few curvelet coefficients are removed. When we kill the few biggest coefficients of the curvelet transform, much of the correlation between wavelet subbands disappears--consistent with the hypothesis. We suggest implications for future discussions about NSS.
Assessment of Epidemic Potential of Soybean Rust in the United States (2005)

This article assesses the epidemic potential of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the United States. In the assessment, there are three critical components of uncertainty: (i) suitability of climate conditions in production areas for soybean rust epidemics; (ii) likelihood of establishment of the fungus in North America; and (iii) the seasonal dispersal potential of the pathogen from overwintering regions to major soybean production regions. Assessments on the first and second components suggest soybean rust epidemics are likely in the United States, and the certainty of the third component is yet to be determined. Comparison of epidemiological factors for soybean rust in soybean production regions between China and the United States shows a complicated picture with the United States having factors that both increase and decrease risk. Future investigation of risk components-incipience in the field and long-distance dispersal-is needed.
Test response compaction using arithmetic functions (2002)

Configurations of registers and adders, subtracters, or arithmetic logic units, which are available in many data paths, can be utilized to generate test patterns and compact test responses. This paper analyzes aliasing in these configurations when the test responses of circuits with arbitrary combinational faults are compacted, and gives the limiting values that the aliasing probability tends to for increasing test lengths. Configurations that feed back the overflow during addition or the underflow during subtraction are the best choices. In some of them the probability of aliasing tends to a limiting value of 1/(2/sup k/-1), which is almost the same as in compactors based on linear feedback shift registers with irreducible characteristic polynomials.
A specific ligand for β2-glycoprotein I mediates autoantibody-dependent uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein by macrophages (2001)

beta(2)-Glycoprotein I (beta(2)-GPI) is a major antigen for antiphospholipid antibodies (Abs) present in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We previously reported that beta(2)-GPI specifically binds to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), but not to native low density lipoprotein (LDL). In the present study, a ligand specific for beta(2)-GPI, oxLig-1, was purified from the extracted lipids of oxLDL. The structure of oxLig-1 was shown to be identical to that of synthesized 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Both purified and synthesized oxLig-1 were recognized by beta(2)-GPI and subsequently by anti-beta(2)-GPI auto-Abs, either in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or in ligand blot analysis. Binding of liposomes containing oxLig-1 (oxLig-1-liposomes) to mouse macrophages, J774A.1 cells, was relatively low, as compared with that of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes. In contrast, binding of oxLig-1-liposomes was enhanced more than 10-fold in the presence of both beta(2)-GPI and an anti-beta(2)-GPI auto-Ab (WB-CAL-1), derived from (NZW x BXSB) F1 mouse, an animal APS model. Anti-beta(2)-GPI auto-Abs derived from APS patients with episodes of arterial thrombosis were detected in ELISA, using a solid phase oxLig-1 complexed with beta(2)-GPI. We suggest that autoimmune atherogenesis linked to beta(2)-GPI interaction with oxLDL and Abs may be present in APS.
Chemical Sensors for CO/NOx-Detection in Automotive Climate Control Systems (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new air quality sensor for climate control in automobiles has been developed. The sensor is designed for use in air conditioning systems with an air intake flap and a charcoal filter. The main indicators for the detection of air pollution are CO and NO<sub>x</sub>.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The sensor elements consist of a SnO<sub>2</sub> layer made in thick film technology resulting in small sensor size and high sensitivity at reasonable cost. The sensor elements are packaged together with an evaluation circuit in a water resistant sensor housing for underhood installation. By means of specific dopants the sensor elements have been optimized in order to detect CO and NO<sub>x</sub> with very low cross-sensitivity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the design and production of the sensor. The performance of the complete unit under typical field conditions is presented. The sensor is in serial production.</div>
The Influence of Lubricating Oil Ash on Surface Ignition Phenomena (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A test method suitable for evaluating the lubricant oil influence on surface ignition has been developed. The effects on this phenomenon of oils without additives, oils with ashless additives, and oils with organometallic additives have been studied. In addition, the influence of additive introduction rate in the combustion chamber has been investigated and evaluated.</div>
Cardiac Failure in Transgenic Mice With Myocardial Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (1998)

This is the first report detailing the effects of tissue-specific production of TNF-alpha by cardiac myocytes in vivo. These findings indicate that production of TNF-alpha by cardiac myocytes is sufficient to cause severe cardiac disease and support a causal role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of human cardiac disease.