gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NETosis markers: Quest for specific, objective, and quantitative markers (2016)

More than 10years have passed since the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in 2004. NETs are extracellular web-like DNA decorated with antimicrobial proteins, which are released from activated neutrophils. The state of neutrophils with NET formation is called NETosis. It has been realized that NETosis includes suicidal NETosis and vital NETosis. The former state means cell death of neutrophils, whereas the latter state preserves living neutrophilic functions. Although both suicidal and vital NETosis play essential roles in elimination of microorganisms, excessive formation of NETs, especially the ones derived from suicidal NETosis, can harm the hosts. Therefore, the discovery of NETosis markers and development of evaluation methods are important. In this review, we compare the methods for evaluating NETosis, including immunocytological and immunohistological detection of co-localized neutrophil-derived proteins and extracellular DNA, and citrullinated histones, detection of NET remnants in fluid samples, and flow cytometric detection of cell-appendant NET components, with focus on the specificity, objectivity, and quantitativity. Since the gold standard marker of NETosis or method of NET detection has not been established yet, researchers should choose the most appropriate marker or method in each situation based on the knowledge of the respective virtues and faults.
The managed web: A look at the impact of Web 2.0 on media asset management for the enterprise (2007)

This paper examines the fundamental shift occurring within multimedia asset management and Digital Asset Management solutions, a shift that has been ignited by Web 2.0 and its core principles; community-driven adaptive technologies that converge media, metadata, users, and tools — all via the web. This paper explores how the social networks and technology, which are driving the Web 2.0 phenomena, are expanding user adoption at alarming rates, drastically increasing re-use of licensed and unlicensed assets, as well as emphasizing a need for greater and more scalable governance of intellectual property and business rules for managing user generated content.
Temperature-dependent pseudogap-like features in tunnel spectra of high-<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>cuprates as a manifestation of charge-density waves (2008)

Temperature, T, variations of the tunnel conductance G(V) were calculated for junctions between a normal metal and a spatially inhomogeneous superconductor with a dielectric gap on the nested sections of the Fermi surface or between two such superconductors. The dielectric gapping was considered to be a consequence of the charge density wave (CDW) appearance due to the electron–phonon (for a Peierls insulator) or a Coulomb (for an excitonic insulator) interactions. Spatial averaging was carried out over random domains with varying parameters of the CDW superconductor (CDWS). The calculated tunnel spectra demonstrate a smooth transformation from asymmetric patterns with a pronounced dip–hump structure at low T into those with a pseudogap depletion of the electron densities of states at higher T in the vicinity or above the actual critical temperatures of the superconducting transition for any of the CDWS domains. Thus, it is demonstrated that both the dip-hump structure and pseudogapping are manifestations of the same phenomenon. A possible CDW-induced asymmetry of the background contribution to G(V) is also touched upon. The results explain the peculiar features of G(V) for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and other related high-Tc cuprates.
Transforming an Operational System Model to a Data Warehouse Model: A Survey of Techniques (2005)

Data warehouse modeling is a complicated task, which involves both knowledge of business processes, as well as familiarity with operational information systems structure and behavior. Several modeling techniques were suggested to utilize the operational system structural or behavioral model in order to construct a data warehouse conceptual model. In this paper, we survey these techniques and analyze their capabilities using a feature-based comparison method. Our analysis clearly indicates that the various techniques are limited in their applicability to model large-scale systems, as they require acquaintance with the business processes and ability to select relevant transactional entities. These techniques also require multiple manual actions, since discovering measures and relevant dimensional entities are unassisted, and usually disregard the process perspective. Our analysis points out the need for improving the surveyed techniques.
A quantitative model of intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii (1992)

A model of intracellular growth for Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii has been developed and provides a quantitative measure of survival and replication after entry. In this model, Acanthamoeba monolayers were incubated with bacteria in tissue culture plates under nutrient-limiting conditions. Gentamicin was used to kill extracellular bacteria following the period of incubation, and the number of intracellular bacteria was determined following lysis of amebae. Intracellular growth of virulent L. pneumophila and other wild-type Legionella species was observed when the assay was performed at 37 degrees C. At room temperature, none of the Legionella strains tested grew intracellularly, while an avirulent L. pneumophila strain was unable to replicate in this assay at either temperature. The effect of nutrient limitation on A. castellanii during the assay prevented multiplication of the amebae and increased the level of infection by Legionella spp. The level of infection of the amebae was directly proportional to the multiplicity of infection with bacteria; at an inoculum of 1.03 x 10(7) bacteria added to wells containing 1.10 x 10(5) amebae (multiplicity of infection of 100), approximately 4.4% of A. castellanii cells became infected. Cytochalasin D reduced the uptake of bacteria by the amebae primarily by causing amebae to lift off the culture dish, reducing the number of target hosts; methylamine also reduced the level of initial infection, yet neither inhibitor was able to prevent intracellular replication of Legionella spp. Consequently, once the bacteria entered the cell, only lowered temperature could restrict replication. This model of intracellular growth provides a one-step growth curve and should be useful to study the molecular basis of the host-parasite interaction.
Optically augmented 3-D computer: technology and architecture (2002)

In order to achieve high performance parallel computing in terms of bandwidth versus power consumption and volume, denser and faster means of implementing interconnections while minimizing power and crosstalk are required. Global interconnections can be implemented using free-space interconnect technology and can be coupled to the wafer to wafer connection system developed at Hughes Research laboratories to obtain an optoelectronic 3-D computer with increased throughputs for routing or sorting operations. To this end, the 3-D optoelectronic computing architecture needs to be designed for optimal performance, light transmitters and receivers need to be integrated with the 3-D VLSI wafer stacks to allow optical inputs and outputs, and free-space optical interconnect elements need to be assembled with the modified 3-D wafer stacks. In the paper, the underlying concepts of the technology and architecture of the optically augmented 3-D computer are evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isothiocyanate-Substituted Benzyl Ether Opioid Receptor Ligands Derived from 6.beta.-Naltrexol (1995)

A series of regioisomeric substituted 6-O-benzyl ethers of 6 beta-naltrexol (12) in which isothiocyanate groups were attached directly to or one carbon removed from the aromatic ring of the benzyl group were prepared. These agents were prepared to obtain electrophilic opioid ligands potentially useful in the characterization of opioid receptors and drug-receptor interactions. Preparation of these ligands was accomplished from 3-O-trityl-6 beta-naltrexol (13) via phase transfer-catalyzed alkylation of the regioisomeric o-, m-, and p-nitrobenzyl halides and the o-, m-, and p-cyanobenzyl halides. The intermediates were deprotected and reduced, and formation of the isothiocyanates from the corresponding amines completed the synthesis. The ligands (6-11) were tested in radioligand displacement assays in guinea pig brain homogenate for opioid receptor binding affinity and irreversibility. All six of the isothiocyanates demonstrated significant affinity in the displacement assays for all three opioid receptors. They also appeared to be irreversibly bound at each of the receptor types. Compound 6, the o-isothiocyanatobenzyl ether analog, had the highest affinity, and it demonstrated significant irreversibility at very low concentration. It appears to be suitable for further investigation.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) scaffolds fabricated by gelatin particle leaching method (2005)

Abstract Biodegradable poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with well‐controlled interconnected irregular pores were fabricated by a porogen leaching technique using gelatin particles as the porogen. The gelatin particles (280–450 μm) were bonded together through a treatment in a saturated water vapor condition at 70°C to form a 3‐dimensional assembly in a mold. PLLA was dissolved in dioxane and was cast onto the gelatin assembly. The mixtures were then freeze‐dried or dried at room temperature, followed by removal of the gelatin particles to yield the porous scaffolds. The microstructure of the scaffolds was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with respect to the pore shape, interpore connectivity, and pore wall morphology. Compression measurements revealed that scaffolds fabricated by freeze‐drying exhibited better mechanical performance than those by room temperature dying. Along with the increase of the polymer concentration, the porosity of the scaffolds decreased whereas the compressive modulus increased. When the scaffolds were in a hydrated state, the compressive modulus decreased dramatically. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1373–1379, 2005
RF and DC Characterization of Self-Aligned L-Band 4H-SiC Static Induction Transistors (2006)

Trenched, vertical SiC static induction transistors (SIT) for L-band power amplification were fabricated with implanted p-n junction gates on conducting n-type 4H-SiC substrates using a self-aligned fabrication process. The self-aligned fabrication process required no critical alignments and allowed for high channel packing densities ranging from 2.9x103 to 5x103 cm/cm2. Devices were fabricated with a range of finger widths. Devices with the narrowest fingers were able to block up to 450 V with VGS = -3 V. Devices with wider fingers required higher gate voltages ranging from -10 V to -25 V to achieve similar blocking. Devices were packaged and small-signal and loadpull measurements were taken with the devices externally matched. Devices having the narrowest finger design had a small-signal power gain of over 9 dB at around 1.3 GHz. Load-pull measurements of packaged SITs with 1 cm gate periphery yielded a maximum power gain of ~ 8.2 dB at 1 GHz, VDD = 100 V, and VGS = 1.2 V. Due to the high packing density, these results translate to power densities of 22 kW/cm2.
Functional Graphene by Thiol‐ene Click Chemistry (2015)

Thiol-ene click reaction was successfully employed for chemical modification of graphene oxide (GO) by one-step synthesis. Herein, 2,2-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) was used as thermal catalyst and cysteamine hydrochloride (HS-(CH2 )2 -NH2 HCl) was used as thiol-containing compound, which is incorporated to GO surface upon reaction with the C=C bonds. The hydrochloride acts as protecting group for the amine, which is finally eliminated by adding sodium hydroxide. The modified GO contains both S- and N-containing groups (NS-GO). We found that NS-GO sheets form good dispersion in water, ethanol, and ethylene glycol. These graphene dispersions can be processed into functionalized graphene film. Besides, it was demonstrated that NS-GO was proved to be an excellent host matrix for platinum nanoparticles. The developed method paves a new way for graphene modification and its functional nanocomposites.
Quantitative evaluation of software quality (1976)

The study reported in this paper establishes a conceptual framework and some key initial results in the analysis of the characteristics of software quality. Its main results and conclusions are:• Explicit attention to characteristics of software quality can lead to significant savings in software life-cycle costs.• The current software state-of-the-art imposes specific limitations on our ability to automatically and quantitatively evaluate the quality of software.• A definitive hierarchy of well-defined, well-differentiated characteristics of software quality is developed. Its higher-level structure reflects the actual uses to which software quality evaluation would be put; its lower-level characteristics are closely correlated with actual software metric evaluations which can be performed.• A large number of software quality-evaluation metrics have been defined, classified, and evaluated with respect to their potential benefits, quantifiability, and ease of automation.•Particular software life-cycle activities have been identified which have significant leverage on software quality.Most importantly, we believe that the study reported in this paper provides for the first time a clear, well-defined framework for assessing the often slippery issues associated with software quality, via the consistent and mutually supportive sets of definitions, distinctions, guidelines, and experiences cited. This framework is certainly not complete, but it has been brought to a point sufficient to serve as a viable basis for future refinements and extensions.
Soliton frequency comb at microwave rates in a high-Q silica microresonator (2015)

Frequency combs are having a broad impact on science and technology because they provide a way to coherently link radio/microwave-rate electrical signals with optical-rate signals derived from lasers and atomic transitions. Integrating these systems on a photonic chip would revolutionize instrumentation, time keeping, spectroscopy, navigation, and potentially create new mass-market applications. A key element of such a system-on-a-chip will be a mode-locked comb that can be self-referenced. The recent demonstration of soliton mode locking in crystalline and silicon nitride microresonators has provided a way to both mode lock and generate femtosecond time-scale pulses. Here, soliton mode locking is demonstrated in high-
Crystallographic space groups in geometric algebra (2007)

We present a complete formulation of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional crystallographic space groups in the conformal geometric algebra of Euclidean space. This enables a simple new representation of translational and orthogonal symmetries in a multiplicative group of versors. The generators of each group are constructed directly from a basis of lattice vectors that define its crystal class. A new system of space group symbols enables one to unambiguously write down all generators of a given space group directly from its symbol.
Inactivation of the first nucleotide-binding fold of the sulfonylurea receptor, and familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. (1996)

Familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy is a disorder of glucose homeostasis and is characterized by unregulated insulin secretion and profound hypoglycemia. Loss-of-function mutations in the second nucleotide-binding fold of the sulfonylurea receptor, a subunit of the pancreatic-islet beta-cell ATP-dependent potassium channel, has been demonstrated to be causative for persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. We now describe three additional mutations in the first nucleotide-binding fold of the sulfonylurea-receptor gene. One point mutation disrupts the highly conserved Walker A motif of the first nucleotide-binding-fold region. The other two mutations occur in noncoding sequences required for RNA processing and are predicted to disrupt the normal splicing pathway of the sulfonylurea-receptor mRNA precursor. These data suggest that both nucleotide-binding-fold regions of the sulfonylurea receptor are required for normal regulation of beta-cell ATP-dependent potassium channel activity and insulin secretion.
Technical Principles of Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (2008)

Surgical navigation systems and medical robotic devices are increasingly being used during orthopaedic interventions. The aim of this article is to present the underlying technologies and concepts of these computer assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) devices. Examples of pre-operative or intra-operative imaging modalities, of trackers for navigation systems, of di! erent surgical robots, and of methods for registration as well as referencing are discussed. CAOS modules that have been realized for di! erent surgical procedures will be presented and critically reviewed. Potential pitfalls that may occur with the use of this technology will be discussed.
Approximate timing analysis of combinational circuits under the XBD0 model (1997)

This paper is concerned with approximate delay computation algorithms for combinational circuits. As a result of intensive research in the early 90's efficient tools exist which can analyze circuits of thousands of gates in a few minutes or even in seconds for many cases. However, the computation time of these tools is not so predictable since the internal engine of the analysis is either a SAT solver or a modified ATPG algorithm, both of which are just heuristic algorithms for an NP-complete problem. Although they are highly tuned for CAD applications, there exists a class of problem instances which exhibits the worst-case exponential CPU time behavior. In the context of timing analysis, circuits with a high amount of reconvergence, e.g. C6288 of the ISCAS benchmark suite, are known to be difficult to analyze under sophisticated delay models even with state-of-the-art techniques. For example [McGeer93] could not complete the analysis of C6288 under the mapped delay model. To make timing analysis of such corner case circuits feasible we propose an approximate computation scheme to the timing analysis problem as an extension to the exact analysis method proposed in [McGeer93]. Sensitization conditions are conservatively approximated in a selective fashion so that the size of SAT problems solved during analysis is controlled. Experimental results show that the approximation technique is effective in reducing the total analysis time without losing accuracy for the case where the exact approach takes much time or cannot complete.
Mathematical model for mechanical part description (1965)

article Free Access Share on Mathematical model for mechanical part description Authors: J. Y. S. Luh IBM Corp., Rochester, MN IBM Corp., Rochester, MNView Profile , R. J. Krolak IBM Corp., Rochester, MN IBM Corp., Rochester, MNView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 8Issue 2Feb. 1965pp 125–129https://doi.org/10.1145/363744.363788Published:01 February 1965Publication History 23citation326DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads326Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$W$</tex></formula>-Band Dual-Polarization Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in SiGe BiCMOS (2015)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a 94-GHz phased-array transceiver front-end in SiGe BiCMOS that is capable of receiving concurrently in both vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations and time-duplexed transmission in either polarization. The compact front-end is implemented in 1.3 mm× 1.45 mm of silicon area to ensure compatibility with a scalable phased-array tile approach with λ/2 ( ~ 1.6 mm) spacing between elements. Each transceiver front-end includes variable transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) gain and 360° variable phase shift in TX and RX. Co-integration of the transmit-receive (T/R) switch with the power amplifier (PA) and low-noise amplifier (LNA) matching network minimizes switch impact on RX noise figure (NF). A varactor-based passive reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) is shared between the TX and RX to reduce area. Analysis of loss mechanisms in on-chip RTPS leads to a novel RTPS load that minimizes RTPS loss while ensuring that the amplitude variation across phase shift is . In RX mode, the front-end achieves 30-dB RX gain, bandwidth of 15 GHz (84-99 GHz) with 10-dB NF in the high-gain mode. In TX mode, the front-end achieves >2-dBm saturated output power and >0-dBm output-referred 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) in V and H polarizations (time-duplexed), 30-dB gain, and 8-GHz bandwidth (89-97 GHz). The 94-GHz phase shifters achieve full 360° variable phase shift with 5-bit phase resolution (11.25° resolution) and error and 1-dB rms gain error at 94 GHz. The front-end consumes 160 mW in RX mode for dual-polarization concurrent reception/phase-shifting and 116 mW in TX mode for time-duplexed V and H output in the W-band.
Xyloglucan as a synthetic extracellular matrix for hepatocyte attachment (2004)

The possibility of employing naturally derived xyloglucan (XG) having galactose moieties in the side chain for the development of synthetic extracellular matrix in tissue engineering was studied. Hepatocyte adhesion to the XG-coated polystyrene (PS) dish was 73.9% after 30 min incubation, whereas that to the PS dish as a negative control was 59.1%. The hepatocyte adhesion to the XG-coated surface was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions, whereas that to the XG-coated surface could not be induced by Mg2+ ions alone, indicating specific interaction between galactose moieties of XG and asialoglycoprotein receptors of hepatocytes. From the results of fluorescence, confocal laser micrographs and flow cytometry, it was suggested that XG was internalized by hepatocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism. The DNA synthesis of hepatocytes attached to the XG-coated surface was decreased with an increase of the coating concentration of XG and in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). The spreading shapes of the hepatocytes attached to the surface in the presence of EGF at low concentration of XG (1 microg/ml) were enhanced. The hepatocytes attached to the surface at a high concentration of XG (200 microg/ml) showed round shapes with spheroids after 16 h in the presence of EGF.