gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical emission studies of atomic, molecular, and particulate carbon produced from a laser vaporization cluster source (1988)

We perform optical emission studies on the species generated by the laser vaporization of graphite into a pulsed helium flow. With short flow channels prior to free-jet expansion the emission at short downstream distances is dominated atomic carbon lines and three band systems of C2: d 3∏g–a 3∏u (Swan), C 1 ∏g–A 1∏u (Deslandres–d’Azambuja), and D 1∑+u –X 1∑+g (Mulliken). Partially rotationally resolved spectra of the Δv=−1 Swan bands are analyzed using a band contour approach to obtain rotational temperatures and rough vibrational distributions for C2 d 3∏g. The direct emission spectrum from the short-channel source becomes a weaker, structureless continuum when viewed at long downstream distances. Similar long-lived continua are induced by a low-fluence laser at 266, 355, or 532 nm when it crosses the expansion emanating from a source with a long flow channel. We attribute these continua to the incandescence of hot carbon particles, T=2500–4000 K. The continua are fit to a model in which the Planck blackbody function is modified by the particle emissivity to determine particle temperatures and obtain crude estimates of particle sizes. These data provide the first direct evidence that carbon particles are produced in a laser-vaporization cluster source.
A Statistical Model for Automatic Extraction of Korean Transliterated Foreign Words (2003)

In this paper, we will describe a Korean transliterated foreign word extraction algorithm. In the proposed method, we reformulate the foreign word extraction problem as a syllable-tagging problem such that each syllable is tagged with a foreign syllable tag or a pure Korean syllable tag. Syllable sequences of Korean strings are modelled by Hidden Markov Model whose state represents a character with binary marking to indicate whether the syllable is part of a transliterated foreign word or not. The proposed method extracts a transliterated foreign word with high recall rate and precision rate. Moreover, our method shows good performance even with small-sized training corpora.
Handy help for maintenance workers (1994)

Lightweight, low-cost, color-coded job cards packed with technical reference information and geared to specific types of maintenance and troubleshooting efficiency in nuclear as well as other types of power plants. Developed in conjunction with EPRI's counterpart in Japan, job card sets have been pilot-tested at two operating U.S. nuclear plants and are also being evaluated by Japanese utilities. In addition to their potential for utility customization, job cards could become a new line of EPRI information product that is used directly by the people who inspect and repair equipment in utility power plants.
Platinum Complexes for the Treatment of Cancer (1978)

Some platinum coordination complexes are active anticancer drugs in animal and man. This new class of chemotherapeutics was discovered during the course of investigation of the electric field effect on bacterial growth. The platinum electrodes electrolyzed during the experiment, releasing a platinum complex which caused complete cessation of cell division in the bacterial rods. With this filamentation assay system, we were able to identify the specific chemical as cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), a complex known since 1848. The bacterial studies with many such complexes suggested to us the generalizations that charged platinum complexes were bacteriocidal, while the neutral platinum complexes induced filamentation and, in lysogenic bacteria, lysis. The neutral complexes have ignificant activity against transplantable, virally induced, and chemically induced cancers in animals. They are synergistic with almost every other anticancer drug in current use. In man kidney toxicity is the dose limiting side effect but this is now completely ameliorated by simply hydrating the patient. The drug in combination therapy, has proven to be 'potentially curable' for all form of testicular cancer. Other cancers where the drug activity has begun to approach this are head and neck cancer, and ovarian cancer. Activity against the other major cancers is now being studied. The mechanism of action at a molecular level appear to depend upon a primary lesion formed on the cellular DNA by the platinum complex. This serendipitous discovery has led to a new class of anticancer agents, metal coordination complexes, which may prove to be of significant value.
A peer-to-peer architecture for distributed real-time gesture recognition (2005)

We describe a peer-to-peer multiple-camera architecture for a distributed real-time gesture recognition system. Previous work attaches multiple cameras to a server This simplifies many design problems but is impractical for real-world installations. Our architecture uses a network of relatively inexpensive cameras to gather images in order to provide high resolution at low cost. Computations are done at the embedded processors in each camera, without using a centralized server. We also propose a methodology for transforming well-defined single-camera algorithms to multiple cameras. We migrate our single-camera gesture recognition system into multiple cameras with slightly overlapped views. In order to minimize the communication bandwidth and power consumption, only selected contours or ellipses information is transmitted between the cameras.
Will the real Cowden syndrome please stand up (again)? Expanding mutational and clinical spectra of the <i>PTEN</i> hamartoma tumour syndrome: Table 1 (2004)

PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome

Since consensus operational diagnostic criteria for Cowden syndrome (MIM 158350) were first established in 1995, our understanding of this complex disease—and the spectrum of disorders related to it by virtue of also having germline mutations in the PTEN tumour suppressor gene—has continued to evolve. This was reflected in a commentary1 in this journal in 2000 in which it was proposed that endometrial cancer and renal cell carcinoma be added to the operational diagnostic criteria for Cowden syndrome (table 1). This updated commentary is intended to provide a review of significant changes in our understanding of the growing group of disorders, which are known to be caused by germline mutations in PTEN on 10q23.3, and which have been termed the PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome.

View this table:

 Table 1 
International Cowden Consortium operational criteria for the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Ver 2000 



Cowden syndrome is a complex disorder with malignant and benign (hamartomatous) lesions affecting derivatives of all three germ cell layers. Major organs involved include the breast, thyroid, uterus, brain, and mucocutaneous tissues.2 It has been estimated to affect about 1 in 200 000 individuals,3,4 although this is probably an underestimate given the difficulty in diagnosis presented by this highly variable disease and the fact that many component features in and of themselves can occur in the general population. Penetrance is related to age, with most patients presenting by their late twenties with at least the mucocutaneous lesions of this disorder, which are reportedly seen in 99% of affected individuals. The lifetime risk for breast cancer in Cowden syndrome is estimated to be 25–50%, with an average age of diagnosis between 38 and 46 years old.2,5 The risk for thyroid cancer (typically follicular, but occasionally papillary) is approximately 10%, while the risk for endometrial cancer, …
MerTK regulates thymic selection of autoreactive T cells (2020)

T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) are believed to be the result in part of inefficient negative selection of self-specific thymocytes. However, the events regulating thymic negative selection are not fully understood. In the current study, we demonstrate that nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice lacking expression of the Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) have reduced inflammation of the pancreatic islets and fail to develop diabetes. Furthermore, NOD mice deficient in MerTK expression (Mer−/−) exhibit a reduced frequency of β cell-specific T cells independent of immunoregulatory effectors. The establishment of bone marrow chimeric mice demonstrated that the block in β cell autoimmunity required hematopoietic-derived cells lacking MerTK expression. Notably, fetal thymic organ cultures and self-peptide administration showed increased thymic negative selection in Mer−/− mice. Finally, thymic dendritic cells (DC) prepared from Mer−/− mice exhibited an increased capacity to induce thymocyte apoptosis in a peptide-specific manner in vitro. These findings provide evidence for a unique mechanism involving MerTK-mediated regulation of thymocyte negative selection and thymic DC, and suggest a role for MerTK in contributing to β cell autoimmunity.
Network-level polymorphic shellcode detection using emulation (2006)

Abstract. As state-of-the-art attack detection technology becomes more prevalent, attackers are likely to evolve, employing techniques such as polymorphism and metamorphism to evade detection. Although recent results have been promising, most existing proposals can be defeated using only minor enhancements to the attack vector. We present a heuristic detection method that scans network traffic streams for the presence of polymorphic shellcode. Our approach relies on a NIDS-embedded CPU emulator that executes every potential instruction sequence, aiming to identify the execution behavior of polymorphic shellcodes. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach is more robust to obfuscation techniques like self-modifications compared to previous proposals, but also highlights advanced evasion techniques that need to be more closely examined towards a satisfactory solution to the polymorphic shellcode detection problem. 1
2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition GAS SENSOR USING HIGH-FREQUENCY QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE (2001)

Fundamental modes (9 & 50 MHz) and overtone modes of 3rd mode of 33MHz (lOO(3) MHz) and 5th mode of 20 MHz (lOO(5) MHz) of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) with high frequencies study to increase the frequency response of QCM gas-sensor. On the fundamental and overtone modes, the ratio of mass sensitivity of QCMs calculated from theory is consistent with that of the experimental results.
Synthesis, Phase Characterization, and Properties of Chemical Solution‐Deposited Nickel Manganite Thermistor Thin Films (2009)

Nickel manganite spinel thin films prepared by chemical solution deposition exhibit negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) values between −3.3 and −4.5%/K. In contrast to bulk thermistors, dense films could be prepared completely within the spinel phase field. Thus, decomposition into the NiO phase and a Mn‐rich spinel, which is problematic in bulk ceramics, is minimized in thin films. For films prepared outside of the single‐phase field, phase separation cannot always be detected using X‐ray diffraction. In such cases, transmission electron microscopy is useful in identifying decomposition. It is found that the lattice parameters for films with compositions ranging between Mn/(Mn+Ni)=0.14 and 0.77 are smaller than the values reported for nickel manganite spinels, suggesting cation deficiency. Single‐phase spinel films are compared with single‐phase bixbyite films synthesized between 630° and 930°C. The bixbyite phase exhibits lower TCR and lower resistivity (TCR=−3.1 to −3.3%/K and resistivity values=400–1600 Ω·cm) compared with spinel (TCR=−3.6 to −4.1%/K and resistivity values=3500–21 000 Ω·cm). Composite films (achieved by controlling the pyrolysis to create a low local p O 2 during annealing) show intermediate values (TCR=−3.0 to −3.8%/K and resistivity values=470–6600 Ω·cm).
Enhanced Electron Penetration through an Ultrathin Graphene Layer for Highly Efficient Catalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2015)

Major challenges encountered when trying to replace precious-metal-based electrocatalysts of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media are related to the low efficiency and stability of non-precious-metal compounds. Therefore, new concepts and strategies have to be devised to develop electrocatalysts that are based on earth-abundant materials. Herein, we report a hierarchical architecture that consists of ultrathin graphene shells (only 1-3 layers) that encapsulate a uniform CoNi nanoalloy to enhance its HER performance in acidic media. The optimized catalyst exhibits high stability and activity with an onset overpotential of almost zero versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an overpotential of only 142 mV at 10 mA cm(-2) , which is quite close to that of commercial 40 % Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the ultrathin graphene shells strongly promote electron penetration from the CoNi nanoalloy to the graphene surface. With nitrogen dopants, they synergistically increase the electron density on the graphene surface, which results in superior HER activity on the graphene shells.
Polarized light emission from photonic crystal light-emitting diodes (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Chun-Feng Lai, Jim-Yong Chi, Hsi-Hsuan Yen, Hao-Chung Kuo, Chia-Hsin Chao, Han-Tsung Hsueh, Jih-Fu Trevor Wang, Chen-Yang Huang, Wen-Yung Yeh; Polarized light emission from photonic crystal light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 June 2008; 92 (24): 243118. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2938885 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Metabolic Erosion Primarily Through Mutation Accumulation, and Not Tradeoffs, Drives Limited Evolution of Substrate Specificity in Escherichia coli (2014)

Evolutionary adaptation to a constant environment is often accompanied by specialization and a reduction of fitness in other environments. We assayed the ability of the Lenski Escherichia coli populations to grow on a range of carbon sources after 50,000 generations of adaptation on glucose. Using direct measurements of growth rates, we demonstrated that declines in performance were much less widespread than suggested by previous results from Biolog assays of cellular respiration. Surprisingly, there were many performance increases on a variety of substrates. In addition to the now famous example of citrate, we observed several other novel gains of function for organic acids that the ancestral strain only marginally utilized. Quantitative growth data also showed that strains with a higher mutation rate exhibited significantly more declines, suggesting that most metabolic erosion was driven by mutation accumulation and not by physiological tradeoffs. These reductions in growth by mutator strains were ameliorated by growth at lower temperature, consistent with the hypothesis that this metabolic erosion is largely caused by destabilizing mutations to the associated enzymes. We further hypothesized that reductions in growth rate would be greatest for substrates used most differently from glucose, and we used flux balance analysis to formulate this question quantitatively. To our surprise, we found no significant relationship between decreases in growth and dissimilarity to glucose metabolism. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that in a single resource environment, specialization does not mainly result as an inevitable consequence of adaptive tradeoffs, but rather due to the gradual accumulation of disabling mutations in unused portions of the genome.
A study on 3D-printed coplanar waveguide with meshed and finite ground planes (2014)

Direct digital manufacturing technology is gaining increasing attention for RF and microwave applications. The introduction of new materials and processes utilized by this technology has triggered the need to study their high frequency performance. Challenges with this type of fabrication include the intrinsic surface roughness of materials produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM), control of the metallization thickness, minimum feature sizes, and the tolerance on the component dimensions. In this work, a fully printed coplanar waveguide (CPW) is fabricated and characterized. In addition, finite ground CPW (FGCPW) and a meshed ground CPW are implemented to reduce ink usage and printing time. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study of a meshed ground CPW.
The optimal planform, size and mass of a wing (1981)

In the absence of a criterion for maximum wingtip deflection, the estimation of wing weight is a straightforward technical problem, for conventional planform shapes. Shear force and bending moment are integrated from the wing-tip to the wing root; using the known aerofoil shape, and the maximum allowable stress or strain, the skin thickness is determined at each station, and hence the mass of the entire wing is found. It is safe to assume constant wing-loading per unit area along the span. If less than this constant value is used near the root, then some of this load must be transferred to stations further outboard; the bending moment at the wing-root is increased, and the skin-thickness and hence the wing weight will also be increased.
Reaction of sodium amide with 1-chloromethylsilatrane (2008)

The reaction of 1-chloromethylsilatrane with sodium amide in benzene is accompanied by ring expansion with formation of 1-amino-2-carba-3-oxahomosilatrane.
MARVELOUS MENTORS (1997)

We're senior nursing students writing to add our perspective on "Charged to Mentor" (Editorial, February). We wholeheartedly agree with the concept of mentorship programs. As students, we crave the knowledge that experienced nurses hold. The mentor/protégé relationship is a vital component of our education and growth. Our curriculum includes a 160-hour preceptorship program that allows us to work one-on-one with a registered nurse in a clinical specialty area. We are experiencing firsthand the rewards of this modality of learning, and are grateful that there are nurses willing to enter into such a relationship. Thank you for challenging nurses to assist in the development of, and transition into, the profession. Laura Johnson Kimberley Hubert Canton, MA
Quantum Mechanical Atomic Energy Operator. (1984)

Various forms of the atomic Hamiltonian are examined as the energy operator for an atom in an electromagnetic field, using the semiclassical approach. The unperturbed Hamiltonian and the full atomic Hamiltonian have been favorite choices in the past, but these give different predictions if treated as the energy operator. The A dot p versus r dot e controversy is also examined and clarified. Both choices have conflicts with observations or physical laws. Gauge invariance and the Stark effect are considered. The multipole Hamiltonian is presented and argued as the correct energy operator. Calculations for three photon absorption in a two level atom, using time dependent perturbation theory, yield significant differences in the predictions for absorption rate and resonant frequency.
Functional characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 large T antigen (1992)

We investigated the molecular properties of eight temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 large T antigen (tsA mutants). The mutants have single amino acid substitutions that block DNA replication at 39 to 41 degrees C in vivo. In vitro, five of the mutant proteins were highly sensitive to a brief heat shock at 39 degrees C, while the three remaining proteins were only partially sensitive at 41 degrees C. We characterized the five most defective mutant proteins, using a variety of biochemical assays for replication functions of T antigen. Heat shock of purified T antigen with a mutation at amino acid 422 significantly impaired the oligomerization, origin-binding, origin-unwinding, ATPase, and helicase functions of T antigen. In contrast, substitution of amino acid 186, 357, 427, or 438 had more selective, temperature-sensitive effects on T-antigen functions. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that T antigen functions via a hierarchy of interrelated domains. Only the ATPase activity remained intact in the absence of all other functions. Hexamer formation appears to be necessary for core origin-unwinding and helicase activities; the helicase function also requires ATPase activity. All five tsA mutants were impaired in functions important for the initiation of DNA replication, but three mutants retained significant elongation functions.
Dietary, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Correlates of Intestinal Sucrase and Maltase Activity in Birds (1990)

Intestinal sucrase and maltase activities were measured in three species of hummingbirds and 11 species of passerine birds from western Mexico. Maximal sucrase activity standardized by nominal area of intestine was 2-118 times higher in hummingbirds than in the nine species of passerines that showed significant sucrase activity. Two species of passerines (Turdus rufopalliatus and Catharus aurantiirostris) lacked significant sucrase activity. Lack of functional sucrase activity has been reported in five species of passerine birds restricted to three closely related families (Muscicapidae, Sturnidae, and Mimidae). Interspecific variation in sucrase activity is probably influenced both by feeding habits and phylogenetic affinities. No allometric relation between sucrose hydrolysis capacity and body mass was found. When the two species with no significant sucrase activity were deleted from the sample, maltose hydrolytic capacity and body mass were allometrically related (exponent = 0.65). Maltase and sucrase activity were linearly correlated. Hummingbirds and passerines differed in the relationship between maltase and sucrase activities. It can be hypothesized that this difference is because the sucrase-isomaltase enzyme complex of hummingbirds has less maltase activity than that of passerines. The apparent affinity of sucrase varied almost 10-fold among species. This variation probably does not reflect differences in "real" affinity (i.e., the affinity of sucrase in solution) but can be attributed to unstirred-layer effects resulting from sucrase's being a membrane-bound enzyme. The presence or absence of sucrase activity in birds can have behavioral and ecological consequences. Birds lacking sucrase activity reject foods containing sucrose. The absence of sucrose in the pulp of bird-dispersed fruits can be partially explained by the lack of sucrase activity in bird frugivores.
Scalable router memory architecture based on interleaved DRAM (2006)

Routers need buffers to store and forward packets, especially when there is network congestion. With current memory technology, neither the SRAM nor the DRAM alone is suitable for high-speed Internet routers which require both large capacity and fast access time. Some previous work has been done to combine the two technologies together and make a hybrid memory system. In this paper, we propose another hybrid memory system based on the interleaved DRAM memories. We devise an efficient memory management algorithm to provide hard performance guarantees to the memory system. The main contribution of this architecture is that it can scale to a very large capacity with interleaved DRAM while only employing necessary SRAM of the same size as in S. Iyer et al., (2001). Another advantage of this architecture is that the interleaved DRAM provides flexibilities to make the memory management algorithms efficient and the memory system very responsive at high speed rates.