gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Controlling the Site Distribution of Al Atoms on Catalytic Properties in Ferrierite-Type Zeolites (2010)

Zeolites with the ferrierite (FER) topology are synthesized using a combination of tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations with differently sized cyclic amines (pyrrolidine (Pyr), hexamethyleneimine (HMI), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DAB)). Using these organic structure-directing agents (SDAs), low Si/Al ratios and concentrated synthesis mixtures favor the crystallization of FER materials. Increasing the size of the cyclic amine or decreasing the aluminum content leads to the crystallization of other phases or the creation of excessive amounts of connectivity defects. TMA cations play a decisive role in the synthesis of the FER materials, and their presence allows the use of HMI to synthesize FER. Proton MAS NMR is used to quantify the accessibility of pyridine to acid sites in these FER samples, where it is found that the FER + HMI + TMA sample contains only 27% acid sites in the 8-MR channels, whereas FER + Pyr and FER + Pyr + TMA contain 89% and 84%, respectively. The constraint index (CI) test and the carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) with carbon monoxide are used as probe reactions to evaluate how changes in the aluminum distribution in these FER samples affect their catalytic behavior. Results show that the use of Pyr as an SDA results in the selective population of acid sites in the 8-MR channels, whereas the use of HMI generates FER zeolites with an increased concentration of acid sites in the 10-MR channels.
Performance of an echo canceller based on pseudo-noise training sequences (2008)

Different design issues and performance aspects of a lowcomplexity echo canceller for digital On-Channel Repeaters (OCRs) are described in this paper. Locally generated lowpower PN sequences are injected in the repeated signal to facilitate the estimation process of the coupling channel between the transmitting and the receiving antennas. In particular, we analyse a low-complexity channel estimation technique based on the autocorrelation properties of the training sequence. An expression for the cancelling performance is found analytically, in terms of Mean Rejection Ratio (MRR), and the impact of the filtering stages within the repeater is also addressed.
Toxicity of Compounds Derived from Limnanthes alba Seed to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae (1989)

When incorporated into artificial diet at 3% (wet weight), milled seed of Limnanthes alba var. versicolor (Greene) C. T. Mason (Limnanthaceae) caused 100% mortality in newly hatched fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) within 8 d. An ether extract and subsequent ethanol extract of the seed were prepared and tested at doses equivalent to 3% ground meal. The ether extract caused slower growth in larvae (weights were 6% of weights of controls after 8 d) but caused no mortality. The ethanol extract caused 30% mortality and retarded growth in survivors (16% of control weight after 8 d). 3-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (3-MBI) was isolated from the ethanol extract and accounted for its activity; the LC50 in the diet incorporation bioassay was 270 ppm. The glucosinolate from which 3-MBI is derived was similar in activity to an equimolar amount of 3-MBI. Activity of the ether extract was due to triglycerides, but the unusual lipids of L. alba were not more active than triglycerides in corn oil, which contained oleic and linoleic acids. European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), were less sensitive to the materials derived from L. alba. The seed meal did not cause significant mortality (at 3% in the artificial diet), although weights of the surviving larvae were only 4% of the weight of control larvae after 8 d. The LC50 for 3-MBI was higher (780 ppm), and the ether extract caused no significant effect. Four aromatic analogs of 3-MBI were tested, but none was significantly more active in either species than the naturally occurring compound.
Radioimmunolocalization of Tumours by External Scintigraphy after Administration of <sup>131</sup>I Antibody to Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin: Preliminary Communication (1980)

131 Iodine ( 131 I) labelled antibody directed against human chorionic gonadatrophin (hCG) was given on 21 occasions to 18 patients with hCG-producing neoplasms. Tumours were localized by external scintigraphy in 13 of 21 investigations. Positive results were obtained reliably when serum hCG exceeded 500 miu/ml and in some cases sensitivity was comparable to that of computerized tomography. A positive result probably implies viability in the tumour and this was of practical value in discriminating between necrotic deposits and living tumour before surgery.
Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Carcinogenicity Prediction of Chemicals Currently Being Tested by the National Toxicology Program in Rodent Bioassays (1996)

Gary A. Kerckaert, Roger Brauninger, Robert A. LeBoeuf, Robert J. Isfort, Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Carcinogenicity Prediction of Chemicals Currently Being Tested by the National Toxicology Program in Rodent Bioassays, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 104, Supplement 5 (Oct., 1996), pp. 1075-1084
Disruption of the <i>c/ebp</i>α Gene in Adult Mouse liver (1997)

The liver-enriched transcription factor C/EBP alpha has been implicated in the regulation of numerous liver-specific genes. It was previously reported that mice carrying a homozygous null mutation at the c/ebp alpha locus died as neonates due to the absence of hepatic glycogen and the resulting hypoglycemia. However, the lethal phenotype precluded further analysis of the role of C/EBP alpha in hepatic gene regulation in adult mice. To circumvent this problem, we constructed a conditional knockout allele of c/ebp alpha by using the Cre/loxP recombination system. Homozygous c/ebp-loxP mice, (c/ebp alpha(fl/fl);fl, flanked by loxP sites) were found to be indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. However, when Cre recombinase was delivered to hepatocytes of adult c/ebp alpha(fl/fl) mice by infusion of a recombinant adenovirus carrying the cre gene, more than 80% of the c/ebp alpha(fl/fl) genes were deleted specifically in liver and C/EBP alpha expression was reduced by 90%. This condition resulted in a reduced level of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression in the liver. After several days, the knockout mice developed severe jaundice due to an increase in unconjugated serum bilirubin. The expression of genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glycogen synthase, and factor IX was also strongly reduced in adult conditional-knockout animals, while the expression of transferrin, apolipoprotein B, and insulin-like growth factor I genes was not affected. These results establish C/EBP alpha as an essential transcriptional regulator of genes encoding enzymes involved in bilirubin detoxification and gluconeogenesis in adult mouse liver.
Keratin gel improves poor scarring following median sternotomy (2014)

In patients who scar more poorly than average, there were significant improvements in scarring. This demonstrates a simple, well-tolerated intervention that reduces problematic scarring following surgery.
“Turn-on” fluorescent polymeric microparticle sensors for the determination of ammonia and amines in the vapor state (2010)

Cross-linked acrylic ester microparticles (EG50OH) with absorbed fluorescent probe molecules, such as fluorescein and acridine orange were successfully fabricated and employed as "turn-on" fluorescent sensors for the detection and determination of ammonia and organic amine vapor concentrations. Using EG50OH microparticles that had fluorescein (fluorescein fluorescent microparticle, FL-FMP sensor) incorporated as the fluorescent probe molecule (with lambda(ex) = 450 nm; lambda(em) = 528 nm), the detection limit achieved for ammonia vapor was 0.73 ppm, the response being linearly dependent on concentration over the range of 1.0-250 ppm gaseous ammonia. The FL-FMP responded to organic amines with the relative signal response following the order: triethylamine > tert-butylamine > diethylamine > n-propylamine > ammonia. A limit of detection of 0.048 ppm triethylamine vapor was achieved using this FL-FMP sensor. The sensor response is based on the acid-base properties of the fluorescent probe molecules. The fluorescent probes immobilized in/on the EG50OH are in a microenvironment such that they are in their neutral or protonated states and only exhibit weak fluorescence. Upon exposure to ammonia or amine vapor, the fluorescent species are deprotonated and exhibit much greater fluorescence emission ("turned-on" due to exposure to these basic analytes). The ease of fabrication and aforementioned properties of these fluorescent microparticle sensors are such that they should be amenable for use in a variety of situations requiring the detection or monitoring of ammonia and amines in the vapor state.
Effects of filler content and coupling agents on the mechanical properties and geometrical accuracy of selective laser sintered parts in glass bead-filled polyamide 12 composites (2011)

Improvements in existing materials and the development of new materials for use in\nselective laser sintering are continually being pursued in the industrial and academic\ndomains. This research will focus on the possibilities available for improving the\nmechanical properties and geometric accuracy of selective laser sintered parts produced\nfrom non-commercial polyamide 12 (PA12) composites. The specific material of\ninterest is PA 12 filled with glass beads. This thesis describes a study of the relationship\nbetween filler particles, the polymer matrix and processing parameters and their\ninfluence on the mechanical properties and geometric accuracy of the composite. The\naim of the study is to better understand the effect of coupling agents on the above\nmentioned properties as there is a lack of information in this area.\nMost of the experiments described in the thesis were performed with PA 12 filled with\ncoated and uncoated glass beads. The production of test samples was carried out on a\nselective laser sintering machine (DTM Sinterstation 2000). Knowledge about different\nmachine-material combinations has been extended by performing additional PA 12\ncomposite experiments. The accessible information from PA 12 and glass-filled PA 12\n(PA12/GF) manufacturer’s data was used as a reference in comparison and assessment\nof the results obtained from the new machine-material combinations.\nThis research has shown that adding coated glass beads to PA 12 improves the tensile\nstrength and elastic modulus but reduces the impact strength and ductility of the\nii\nresulting material. Under suitable processing conditions, the geometrical accuracy of\nsintered parts also improves with the addition of glass beads. The work has also shown\nthat good interfacial bonding between the polyamide matrix and the glass beads,\nparticularly when a coupling agent is used, is a likely cause for the observed\nimprovements.
DNA-based identification of novel bovine casein gene variants (2012)

In cattle, at least 39 variants of the 4 casein proteins (α(S1)-, β-, α(S2)- and κ-casein) have been described to date. Many of these variants are known to affect milk-production traits, cheese-processing properties, and the nutritive value of milk. They also provide valuable information for phylogenetic studies. So far, the majority of studies exploring the genetic variability of bovine caseins considered European taurine cattle breeds and were carried out at the protein level by electrophoretic techniques. This only allows the identification of variants that, due to amino acid exchanges, differ in their electric charge, molecular weight, or isoelectric point. In this study, the open reading frames of the casein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3 of 356 animals belonging to 14 taurine and 3 indicine cattle breeds were sequenced. With this approach, we identified 23 alleles, including 5 new DNA sequence variants, with a predicted effect on the protein sequence. The new variants were only found in indicine breeds and in one local Iranian breed, which has been phenotypically classified as a taurine breed. A multidimensional scaling approach based on available SNP chip data, however, revealed an admixture of taurine and indicine populations in this breed as well as in the local Iranian breed Golpayegani. Specific indicine casein alleles were also identified in a few European taurine breeds, indicating the introgression of indicine breeds into these populations. This study shows the existence of substantial undiscovered genetic variability of bovine casein loci, especially in indicine cattle breeds. The identification of new variants is a valuable tool for phylogenetic studies and investigations into the evolution of the milk protein genes.
Review Statistics review 5: Comparison of means (2002)

Previous reviews in this series have introduced the principals behind the calculation of confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. The present review covers the specific case of comparing means in rather more detail. Comparison of means arises in many different formats, and there are various methods available for dealing with each of these. Some of the simpler cases are covered in this review, namely comparison of a single observed mean with some hypothesized value, comparison of two means arising from paired data, and comparison of two means from unpaired data. All of these comparisons can be made using appropriate confidence intervals and t-tests as long as certain assumptions are met (see below). Future reviews will introduce techniques that can be used when the assumptions of the t-test are not valid or when the comparison is between three or more groups.
Cyanophage Infection in the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> in Surface Freshwater (2012)

Host-like genes are often found in viral genomes. To date, multiple host-like genes involved in photosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway have been found in phages of marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. These gene products are predicted to redirect host metabolism to deoxynucleotide biosynthesis for phage replication while maintaining photosynthesis. A cyanophage, Ma-LMM01, infecting the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, was isolated from a eutrophic freshwater lake and assigned as a member of a new lineage of the Myoviridae family. The genome encodes a host-like NblA. Cyanobacterial NblA is known to be involved in the degradation of the major light harvesting complex, the phycobilisomes. Ma-LMM01 nblA gene showed an early expression pattern and was highly transcribed during phage infection. We speculate that the co-option of nblA into Microcystis phages provides a significant fitness advantage to phages by preventing photoinhibition during infection and possibly represents an important part of the co-evolutionary interactions between cyanobacteria and their phages.
Photon channeling in the vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength range (1995)

Experimental measurements in the laboratory have shown a new type of focusing of far ultraviolet light, λ&lt;1000 Å, using tapered capillary tubes similar to those first developed for the near-field scanning optical microscope which we call photon channeling. Silica tubes with taper half angles of ∼0.5°–6° have been tested. An array of capillaries mounted on a rotatable drum placed in front of a collimated photon source obtained from a rare-gas discharge lamp were used. By rotation of the drum, successive capillaries can be brought into alignment, and the photoemission detected by a channeltron-grid detector. The straight capillary intensity shows no significant light guide effect; it simply decreases as the area of the capillary. However, the tapered capillaries show an enhanced transmission (or photon channeling effect). In quantitative agreement with simple numerical estimates, it is found that the transmission enhancement factor varies from ∼10 to 500 times the collimated transmission of a pinhole aperture of the same dimensions with an approximately linear dependence of channeling factor on inverse of the half angle. Useful intensity suitable for photoelectron energy analysis with capillary openings of ∼0.8 μ has been demonstrated.
Influence of phosphorus content and heat treatment on the machinability of electroless nickel deposits (1985)

Diamond turning is the use of a single point diamond tool on a precision lathe under very precisely controlled machine and environmental conditions to fabricate finished components. Coatings offer significant advantages for diamond turning applications inasmuch as they can be applied to light weight substrates such as aluminum or beryllium, or unusual substrates such as molybdenum or glass. One of the most used frequently employed coatings for diamond turning applications is electroless nickel. On occasions, electroless nickel deposits are not diamond turnable, e.g., tool life is shortened. This could be a function of phosphorus content, age of the solution, stress in the deposit, additives in the solution, heat treat conditions, etc. Efforts reported in this paper include machinability studies on electroless nickel deposits varying in composition from 1.8-13% phosphorus in the as-deposited condition, and after heating at 200, 400 and 600/sup 0/C.
New active power filter and control method (2005)

A new active power filter with harmonic suppression and adjustable reactive power compensation is proposed. The power converter of the proposed filter can generate a compensating voltage, including a harmonic voltage for compensating the load harmonic current and a fundamental voltage for adjusting the reactive power of the utility side, connected to the power feeder via an impedance. The waveform of the utility current after compensating by the proposed active power filter can be approximated as a sinusoidal waveform, and the input power factor is also improved. A 20 KVA prototype has been developed and tested to verify its performance. The test results indicate that the proposed active power filter has the desired performance.
Prion Diagnosis: Application of Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (2017)

Prions composed of pathogenic scrapie prion protein (PrP<sup>Sc</sup>) are infectious pathogens that cause progressive neurological conditions known as prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Although these diseases pose considerable risk to public health, procedures for early diagnosis have not been established. One of the most recent attempts at sensitive and specific detection of prions is the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) method, which measures the activity of PrP<sup>Sc</sup> aggregates or amyloid formation triggered by PrP<sup>Sc</sup> seeds in the presence of recombinant PrP. In this review, we summarize prions, prion diseases, and current approaches to diagnosis, including the principle, conditions for assay performance, and current diagnostic applications of RT-QuIC.
Hormone-controlled metamorphic robots (2002)

Metamorphic robots with shape-changing capabilities provide a powerful and flexible approach to complex tasks in unstructured environments. However, due to their dynamic topology and decentralized configuration, metamorphic robots demand control mechanisms that go beyond those used by conventional robots. This paper builds on our previous results of hormone-based control, and develops a novel distributed control algorithm called CELL that can select, synchronize, and execute gaits and other reconfiguration actions without assuming any global configuration knowledge. This algorithm is flexible enough to deal with changes of configuration, and can resolve conflicts between locally selected actions and manage multiple active hormones for producing coherent global effects.
Design and synthesis of a template-assembled oligomannose cluster as an epitope mimic for human HIV-neutralizing antibody 2G12 (2004)

The synthesis and antibody-binding affinity of a novel template-assembled oligomannose cluster as an epitope mimic for human anti-HIV antibody 2G12 are described. Cholic acid was chosen as the scaffold and three high-mannose type oligosaccharide (Man(9)GlcNAc(2)Asn) moieties were selectively attached at the 3alpha, 7alpha, and 12alpha-positions of the scaffold through a series of regioselective transformations. Binding studies revealed that the synthetic oligosaccharide cluster is 46-fold more effective than the subunit Man(9)GlcNAc(2)Asn in inhibiting 2G12-binding to immobilized gp120. The scaffold approach described in this paper provides an avenue to designing more effective epitope mimics for antibody 2G12 in the hope of developing a carbohydrate-based vaccine against HIV-1.
Comparison of Crash Pulse Data from Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorders and Laboratory Instrumentation (2004)

Frontal barrier crash tests conducted with General Motors' vehicles allowed data relating to the crash pulse to be obtained both from the vehicles' event data recorders (EDR) and from the on-board instrumentation used by Transport Canada's test centre. Three vehicle platforms were used in this study, the Chevrolet Cavalier, Chevrolet Impala, and Chevrolet Trailblazer. Data were obtained for three test configurations. Full frontal impacts into a rigid concrete barrier were conducted at 48 and 56 km/h. Frontal offset collisions into a deformable barrier face were carried out at 40 km/h. In addition, full frontal crashes into a fixed underride guard structure were conducted at 48 and 65 km/h. The laboratory accelerometers sampled the crash pulse at 10 kHz, while the EDR's provided cumulative values of velocity change (delta-V) at 10 ms intervals over a window of either 150 or 300 ms. In order to make a meaningful comparison, the laboratory data were processed to provide a similar sample of point values to those obtained from the EDR. Good agreement was observed between the two datasets; however, in some situations the vehicle EDR was found to be unable to capture the entire collision event. The implications for the use of EDR’s in real-world collisions are discussed in the light of these findings.
Design and control method for a high‐mobility in‐pipe robot with flexible links (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a high‐mobility in‐pipe robot platform and its navigation strategy for navigating in T‐branch pipes efficiently. Design/methodology/approach For high mobility, this robot is developed based on inchworm locomotion. An extensor mechanism with flexible links and clamper mechanisms enable the robot to conduct both steering and inchworm locomotion. The locomotion of the robot is modeled based on a pseudo‐rigid‐body model. From the developed model, this paper introduces a navigation strategy based on defining relay points and generating a path from a main pipe to a T‐branch pipe. Findings With this navigation strategy, the robot can avoid collisions and enter T‐branch pipes effectively. The path generation algorithm is verified by experiment. In addition, both the navigation strategy and mobility of the robot are demonstrated by experiments conducted in a commercial pipe configuration. Originality/value This paper describes the mechanism of an inchworm‐type in‐pipe robot that is able to steer and adapt to pipe diameter changes. This paper also describes navigation strategy that enables a robot to avoid collisions and enter T‐branch pipes effectively. This research will help the construction of a fully autonomous in‐pipe robot that can navigate through various types of pipes.
High catalytic activity of calcined iron sulphates for the polycondensation of benzyl chloride (1978)

Ferrous and ferric sulphate hydrates, when calcined in air at 700 °C, produce catalysts which effect the polymerisation of benzyl chloride at room temperature in a few seconds; the polymer is stable up to 400 °C and has predominantly para-polybenzyl structure.