gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COLCHICINE (1967)

Colchicine forms a complex in vivo with a protein present in fertilized or unfertilized sea urchin eggs; similar binding was obtained in vitro with the soluble fraction from egg homogenates. Kinetic parameters and binding equilibrium constant were essentially the same in vivo and in vitro. The binding site protein was shown to have a sedimentation constant of 6S by zone centrifugation. The protein was present in extracts of the isolated mitotic apparatus at a concentration which was several times higher than in whole-egg homogenates. It was extracted from the mitotic apparatus at low ionic strength under conditions which lead to the disappearance of microtubules. No binding could be detected to the 27S protein, previously described by Kane, which is a major protein component of the isolated mitotic apparatus. The properties of the colchicine-bindinG protein, (binding constant, sedimentation constant, Sephadex elution volume) are similar to those obtained with the protein from mammalian cells, sea-urchin sperm tails, and brain tissue, and thus support the conclusion that the protein is a subunit of microtubules.
Uterine progesterone signaling during embryo implantation (2014)

Although progesterone action is essential throughout pregnancy, its details remain unclear. Under the influences of progesterone, a receptive uterus undergoes stromal proliferation and epithelial differentiation, which are critical endometrial changes for successful embryo implantation. In this review article, we have outlined the recent findings about roles and regulation of progesterone signaling in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation.
Low-cost and high-speed optical transceiver using 850-nm VCSEL and hard polymer clad fiber (2002)

Summary form only given. In conclusion, the optical coupling between the lensless 850-nm VCSEL and the hard polymer clad fibre (H-PCF) was examined, and optical transmission at 3.2 Gbps over 100 m was demonstrated. This means that the developed optical transceiver is useful for low-cost multigigabit digital interface, such as IEEE1394.
Combining Rasterization and Ray Tracing Techniques to Approximate Global Illumination in Real-Time (2010)

This clinical study was conducted to quantify endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis before and after chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and to investigate the possible correlation of endotoxin and cultivable bacteria with the presence of clinical symptomatology. Twenty-four root canals were selected. Samples were collected before (s1) and after chemomechanical preparation (s2). Culture techniques were used to determine the colony-forming unit. A limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay was used to quantify endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). LPS and bacteria were detected in 100% of the initial samples (s1), with a median concentration of 139 endotoxin units/mL and 2.64 x 10(5) colony-forming units/mL, respectively. Higher levels of LPS were found in teeth with clinical symptomatology (p < .05). At s2, mean endotoxin reduction of 59.99% and mean bacterial load reduction of 99.78% were found. Our findings indicated that chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% NaOCl was moderately effective against bacteria but less effective against endotoxins in root canal infection. Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found between higher levels and clinical symptomatology.
Diffuse radio emission in/around the Coma cluster: beyond simple accretion (2011)

We report on new 1.41-GHz Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and 352-MHz Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope observations of the Coma cluster and its environs. At 1.41 GHz, we tentatively detect an extension to the Coma cluster radio relic source 1253+275 which makes its total extent 2 Mpc. This extended relic is linearly polarized as seen in our GBT data, the NRAO VLA Sky Survey, and archival images, strengthening a shock interpretation. The extended relic borders a previously undetected 'wall' of galaxies in the infall region of the Coma cluster. We suggest that the radio relic is an infall shock, as opposed to the outgoing merger shocks believed responsible for other radio relics. We also find a sharp edge, or 'front', on the western side of the 352-MHz radio halo. This front is coincident with a similar discontinuity in the X-ray surface brightness and temperature in its southern half, suggesting a primary shock-acceleration origin for the local synchrotron emitting electrons. The northern half of the synchrotron front is less well correlated with the X-ray properties, perhaps due to projection effects. We confirm the global pixel-to-pixel power-law correlation between the 352-MHz radio brightness and X-ray brightness with a slope that is inconsistent with predictions of either primary shock acceleration or secondary production of relativistic electrons in giant radio haloes, but is allowable in the framework of the turbulent re-acceleration of relic plasma. The failure of these first-order models and the need for a more comprehensive view of the intracluster medium energization are also highlighted by the very different shapes of the diffuse radio and X-ray emission. We note the puzzling correspondence between the shape of the brighter regions of the radio halo and the surface mass density derived from weak lensing.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Protein Template Controlling Biosynthesis of the Lipopeptide Lichenysin (1999)

Lichenysins are surface-active lipopeptides with antibiotic properties produced nonribosomally by several strains of Bacillus licheniformis. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of an entire 26.6-kb lichenysin biosynthesis operon from B. licheniformis ATCC 10716. Three large open reading frames coding for peptide synthetases, designated licA, licB (three modules each), and licC (one module), could be detected, followed by a gene, licTE, coding for a thioesterase-like protein. The domain structure of the seven identified modules, which resembles that of the surfactin synthetases SrfA-A to -C, showed two epimerization domains attached to the third and sixth modules. The substrate specificity of the first, fifth, and seventh recombinant adenylation domains of LicA to -C (cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli) was determined to be Gln, Asp, and Ile (with minor Val and Leu substitutions), respectively. Therefore, we suppose that the identified biosynthesis operon is responsible for the production of a lichenysin variant with the primary amino acid sequence L-Gln-L-Leu-D-Leu-L-Val-L-Asp-D-Leu-L-Ile, with minor Leu and Val substitutions at the seventh position.
Battery thermal management system (2005)

Most VRLA batteries used in telecommunications applications are designed to operate in an indoor environment of 25/spl deg/ C. When placed in an outdoor environment, the batteries must be heated to prevent loss of capacity and must be ventilated to avoid build-up of hydrogen gas that occurs during charging that isn't properly controlled. The most difficult problem is maintaining the 25/spl deg/ C ambient temperature of the battery in an outdoor environment that can easily exceed 46/spl deg/ C. AH current commercial solutions (thermoelectric, air conditioners, thermosyphons, PCM) require at least additional valuable site space to house the batteries as well as the expense and reliability issues associated with remote cabling, alarming and monitoring. We focused on the fact that the battery represents a large thermal mass and typically has different conductivities in all three directions due to the nature of their construction to develop a split cooling system that can keep the batteries at 25/spl deg/ C +/-2/spl deg/ C via direct contact cooling. This avoids the inefficiency of air mover based systems that monitor and control the unit based off the airflow of the cooler itself. The issue of heating in cold ambient conditions, as well as, hydrogen outgassing is also addressed. The system can be used stand-alone or integrated into existing enclosures. Field performance data will be presented and discussed.
Estimation by Software for the Power Consumption of Streaming-Media Servers (2007)

The power consumption of a streaming-media server can be obtained in real time by using the virtual-instrumentation software described in this paper without using an additional hardware meter. We have built a model to estimate the power consumption from the observation of experimental data that consists of tracking the CPU utilization and detecting the operation parameters of the measured servers. When calculated in real time, the CPU utilization can respond to the dynamic change of the power consumption of the measured servers. The operation parameters represent the hardware configuration of the measured servers. We also propose three methods to obtain these parameters: filled- manually, hardware-revised, and software-revised parameter estimating. We have constructed the virtual-instrumentation software according to this power model to measure the power consumption of the streaming-media server. To facilitate the measurement process, we have also designed a suitable graphic-user interface for it. Our virtual-instrumentation software with three parameter-estimating methods has been tested by way of comparison with measurement results obtained by a power meter. The average power values of the hardware-revised method are found to yield mean errors of the estimate within 3%. The mean error of the software-revised method is within 6%. However, the filled- manually method may underestimate the power consumption by as much as 11%.
Specification by reformulation: a paradigm for building integrated user support environments (1988)

Specification by reformulation is a general interface paradigm. It is an abstraction of retrieval by reformulation, a paradigm used in previous systems for assisting users in formulating database queries. Specification by reformulation serves as a general foundation upon which domain specific applications can be built. To illustrate its usage, we describe three services built within it: a database retrieval aid, a notecards facility, and an electronic-mail interface to an on-line procurement system. Building systems in this way illustrates the concept of an integrated user support environment - a set of cooperating tools for end users that can be extended by application builders.
Investigation of the intranasal delivery method as a means of targeting therapeutic agents to the injured retina and optic nerve (2009)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. September 2009. Major: Neuroscience. Advisor: Dr. Linda K. McLoon. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 195 pages.
Mononuclear cell tissue factor: cell of origin and requirements for activation (1979)

Human mononuclear leukocytes generate the procoagulant material tissue factor (TF) following stimulation by endotoxin, mitogens, or antigens in vitro. We have examined tissue-factor generation by mononuclear cell subpopulations prepared in a variety of ways in order to determine the cell of origin of mononuclear cell TF and the conditions necessary for maximal in vitro TF generation. We have also examined the relationship between in vitro TF generation and in vivo or in vitro measures of delayed hypersensitivity in response to identical antigen stimulation. Our results demonstrate that the monocyte is responsible for the bulk of mononuclear cell TF generation in vitro and that adhesion alone is not sufficient stimulation for significant.
Execution Overrun Management for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling of Sporadic Graph Tasks (2006)

In this paper, we consider a real-time application composed of graphs of subtasks. We present a mechanism for execution-overrun management in realtime systems. A subtask exceeding its prescribed execution duration can result in multiple failures (cascading effect). Yet, a task execution overrun does not necessarily lead to a deadline miss. Indeed, a system with enough free resources can self-stabilize without compromising the timeliness constraints of the subtasks in the system. We propose a mechanism based on the notion of allowance that enables to cope with execution overruns before a deadline miss. The task allowance depends on free resources. We show how to determine the maximum allowance duration a subtask can be allowed to proceed with it execution without compromising the real-time constraints of all the subtasks. We show how to determine the maximum allowance of a subtask from the feasibility conditions of sporadic graphs of subtasks scheduled with a preemptive fixed priority scheduling
Palladium-catalyzed coupling of functionalized primary and secondary amines with aryl and heteroaryl halides: two ligands suffice in most cases (2010)

We report our studies on the use of two catalyst systems, based on the ligands BrettPhos (1) and RuPhos (2), which provide the widest scope for Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions to date. Often low catalyst loadings and short reaction times can be used with functionalized aryl and heteroaryl coupling partners. The reactions are highly robust and can be set up and performed without the use of a glovebox. These catalysts should find wide application in the synthesis of complex molecules including pharmaceuticals, natural products and functional materials.
Zika Virus: Prospects for the Development of Vaccine and Antiviral Agents (2016)

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks of 2013 in French Polynesia and 2015 in South and Central America are associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly in infants born to the infected mother. Over 4500 new cases of microcephaly, a 20-fold increase in the number of cases in Brazil by early 2016 pressed World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency. In this article, a brief introduction to the recent ZIKV outbreaks and the prospects for the development of vaccines and antiviral agents are discussed.
Towards picosecond resolution with single-photon avalanche diodes (1981)

Avalanche p–n photodiodes with uniform breakdown over the junction area are known to be capable of single-photon detection. An experimental study has been performed on the temporal resolution of these single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in measurements of the shape of ultrashort light pulses. By using an active-quenching circuit, pulsed operation of the device has been obtained in accurately controlled conditions, avoiding spurious effects met in previous passive-quenching circuits. Laser pulses with durations down to 150 ps FWHM have been used; the results obtained show that the resolution is remarkably better than this value. Performances and limitations of SPADs are discussed; temporal resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds may be expected.
The technology and application of free-space power transmission by microwave beam (1974)

The point-to-point transfer of power by a microwave beam is an emerging technology with several unique characteristics and applications. The technology is examined in terms of the microwave beam itself, and the conversion technology between microwaves and dc power at either end of the system. The existing efficiencies and the projected efficiencies for the overall system and its elements are emphasized. The procedure for designing a highly efficient microwave beam power transfer system of arbitrary length starting from the microwave generator and terminating with the receiving aperture is given. The potential applications are discussed in terms of the unique characteristics of microwave power transmission. The successful experimental work on microwave-powered helicopters is reviewed. A potential application to bring down power from space is examined.
A Welcome approach (1990)

Mrs. Cheney's report on her attempts to im prove the quality of her students' experience is a welcome communication to all who have grappled none too successfully with the prob lem. This reply continues in the spirit of her remarks with some suggestions for improving the content of such courses and ways of changing our methods of evaluation. Cheney's own article dealt with problems of content and appears to be a promising new beginning. There have been many proposals for the teach ing of social science bibliography and more can surely be expected. It is only natural that we develop new insights and new perspectives into the content matter of our profession as the social sciences change and as our own sophisti cation regarding the use of social science data improves. This reply suggests that we develop with greater intensity than we have a means of evaluating our own teaching efforts and more fully describe the assumptions we make about what our students should learn in their encounter (skirmish?) with social science bib liography. The first recommendation is that experimen tation become more a part of the teaching process in library science. There already exists an extensive literature with well-thought-out models of design available for utilization. In this regard Cheney's project should be called experimental rather than an experiment, because experiments are gen erally assumed to require controls in order that comparisons can be made between the experi mental and control groups. The traditional way such experiments are organized is to con duct two classes, one according to some estab lished method, and one according to the meth od presumed to be more effective. At the end of the term both would undergo some means of evaluation, and conclusions drawn about the efficacy of the technique. Unfortunately, the means by which we have traditionally evaluated skills of students of bibliography may measure characteristics other than those which interest us most. Librarian
Glutathione peroxidase-1 but not -4 is involved in the regulation of cellular 5-lipoxygenase activity in monocytic cells (2000)

In contrast to neutrophils or B-lymphocytes, cells of the monocytic lineage like rat macrophages, human peripheral blood monocytes and Mono Mac 6 cells contain a strong inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity, which scavenges hydroperoxides and inhibits 5-LO activity in broken-cell preparations in the absence of exogenously added thiols. Chromatographic purification of the inhibitor from the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the inhibitory factor is glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1). In contrast to the peroxidase activity of GPx-1, 5-LO inhibition by GPx-1 was supported by β-mercaptoethanol and there was no absolute requirement for millimolar concentrations of glutathione or dithiothreitol. These cofactor characteristics suggest that both activities address distinct catalytic properties of GPx-1. 5-LO inhibition by GPx-1 was not due to direct GPx-5-LO protein-protein interactions, since GPx-1 did not bind to immobilized 5-LO. Interestingly, 5-LO derived from granulocytes was significantly more resistant against GPx-1 inhibition than B-lymphocytic 5-LO, which correlates with the respective cellular 5-LO activities. In summary, the data suggest that, in addition to previously reported phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx-4), GPx-1 is an efficient inhibitor of 5-LO even at low thiol concentrations, and is involved in the regulation of cellular 5-LO activity in various cell types.
Fiber-optic-coupled, laser heated thermoluminescence dosimeter for remote radiation sensing (1996)

We describe an optically transparent, laser heated, thermoluminescent glass dosimeter that is used for fiber-optic-coupled remote radiation monitoring. The glass consists of ZnS nanocrystallites embedded in a Vycor glass host, doped with Cu1+ and Nd3+ ions. An 807 nm, 1 W GaAlAs laser is used to rapidly heat microscopic regions, surrounding the Nd3+ ions, in the composite glass to stimulate blue-green thermoluminescence from metastable traps populated by exposure to ultraviolet or 60Co γ radiation.
Hazardous drugs. (1997)

Engineering controls and personal protective equipment are crucial for health care professionals working in situations where cytotoxic agents, pharmaceuticals such as ribavirin and pentamidine, and other potentially hazardous drugs are present. Plans for exposure control, spill clean-up, and medical surveillance must be instituted to protect the employee.
A Study on Residents' Cognizance of Planned-Ecovillage (2012)

The paper aims to establish planning elements of planned-ecovillages, and analyze the cognizance of residents as well as experts' evaluation so as to examine the awareness of actual residents. The planned-ecovillage allows residents to participate in the organization of the ecovillage to the construction stage. Unlike general ecovillages, planned-ecovillages have a difference as they introduce planning elements by autonomous decision-making through discussions and meetings among residents. The present age is at its turning point. While a fatal impact to human life, including energy shortage and environmental pollution are expected, we may be able to suggest an alternative solution and triggered the initiation, such as a future-oriented ecovillage that enables environmentally-friendly and sustainable living, namely planned-ecovillages.
A carboxy-terminal truncated insulin receptor substrate-1 dominant negative protein reverses the human hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotype. (1996)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a substrate of various receptor tyrosine kinases transmits mitogenic signals initiated by extracellular ligands. This protein is involved in normal hepatocyte growth and has been found to be overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of a carboxy-terminal truncated IRS-1 molecule containing the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains associates with the insulin receptor and prevents tyrosyl phosphorylation of endogenous IRS-1 and Shc proteins. Thus, subsequent activation of downstream signaling molecules induced by insulin and IGF-1 such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase is inhibited. The morphologic features of transformed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells change to a differentiated hepatocyte appearance and characteristics of the malignant phenotype as manifested by anchorage independent cell growth and tumor formation in nude mice are lost. These studies demonstrate that signal transduction pathways mediated through or by IRS-1 are important in hepatocyte and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth.
Community Child Health Care (1997)

Family structure in Great Britain is radically different today compared with that even 20 years ago. Of particular note is the increasing number of children who live in one-parent households so that approximately one-fifth of children live with a lone parent (Haskey, 1991), many of whom have never been married. Dale (1995) has estimated that the number of children living in one-parent families has doubled from one million in 1971 to 2.2 million in 1991. This has far-reaching implications for the provision of high quality child health services because these families have fewer intra-and inter-family resources upon which to draw and, further, there is a wealth of evidence that lone parenthood is associated with increased risk of poverty (Kumar, 1993). Kumar has charted a rising trend of children living in poverty since 1979, and concluded that lone parenthood, together with increased rates of unemployment and low paid employment, were significant factors underlying childhood poverty. Indeed, Dale (1995) has estimated that more than 1 million children in 1986 were dependent upon state income support due to unemployment. Moreover, there is evidence that nearly two-thirds of one-parents are entirely dependent upon state income support (House of Commons, 1991), the adequacy of which has been widely questioned (Kumar, 1993).