gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Fat on the Sensory Properties, Viscosity, and Color of Lowfat Milk (1995)

A sensory panel was trained to assess appearance. aroma. flavor. and textural attributes of milk containing various percentages of fat. The relative viscosity and color of the milk were also measured. Milk appearance had a profound effect on the perceived mouthfeel. There was a correlation of the L-value (whiteness), a-value (greenness). and b-value (blueness) for the milk with the perceived color and mouthfeel. As fat content was increased. the milk was whiter, less green. and less blue. Similarly. sensory scores for appearance and mouthfeel attributes increased as fat content increased from 0 to 2%. Panelists were given the samples under red lighting to mask the milk color. Under these conditions, the perceived mouth coating, residual mouth coating, and thickness of 2% fat milk were decreased from those of the same samples tested under normal light. Our results suggested that a fat substitute for fat-free milk needs to change the appearance more than the tactile attributes of the milk. A successful fat substitute should alter the color of fat-free milk such that the L-, a-, and bvalues are approximately 81, -3.7, and 2.9, respectively, based on L-, a-, and bvalues of 74, ~.7, and 1.1 for skim milk.
Calpain as an effector of the Gq signaling pathway for inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin-regulated cell proliferation (2002)

Signaling pathways interact to integrate and regulate information flow in evoking complex cellular responses. We have studied the mechanisms and consequences of interactions between the Gq and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways. In human colon carcinoma SW480 cells, activation of the Gq pathway inhibits beta-catenin signaling as determined by transcriptional reporter and cell proliferation assays. Ca(2+) release from internal stores results in nuclear export and calpain-mediated degradation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm. Galphaq does not inhibit the effects of constitutively activated DeltaN-XTCF3-VP16 chimera in SW480 cells. Similarly, in HEK293 cells the Gq pathway suppresses beta-catenin-T cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor-1 transcriptional activity induced by Wnt/Frizzled interaction or glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-resistant beta-catenin, but not DeltaN-XTCF3-VP16. We conclude that Gq signaling promotes nuclear export and calpain-mediated degradation of beta-catenin, which therefore contributes to the inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Reaction of cyanotrimethylsilane with oxiranes. Effects of catalysts or mediators on regioselectivity and ambident character (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of cyanotrimethylsilane with oxiranes. Effects of catalysts or mediators on regioselectivity and ambident characterKatsuharu Imi, Naoto Yanagihara, and Kiitiro UtimotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 6, 1013–1016Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00382a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00382a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1028Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction: Suffering Makes You Egoist: Acute Pain Increases Acceptance Rates and Reduces Fairness during a Bilateral Ultimatum Game (2011)

Social preferences like interpersonal altruism, fairness, reciprocity and inequity aversion are inherently linked to departures from pure self-interest. During economic interactions, for example, defectors may be punished even if this implies a cost for the punishers. This violation of canonical assumptions in economics indicates that socially oriented decisions may predominate over self-centred stances. Here we explore whether the personal experience of pain changes the balance between self-gain and socially based choices. We used laser stimulation to induce pain or a warm sensation in subjects playing a modified version of the Ultimatum Game (UG) both in the role of responder and proposer. After each shot, responders evaluated the fairness of the offer. Moreover, responders and proposers rated the intensity and unpleasantness of the sensation evoked by the laser stimulation. Results show that suffering proposers decrease fair offers and suffering responders increase their acceptance rate irrespective of economic offer. Crucially, the intensity of painful stimulation has a predictive role on Moderately Unfair offers' acceptance rates. Thus the personal experience of pain may favour the emergence of a self-centered perspective aimed at maximizing self-gain. The results suggest that bodily states play a fundamental role in higher-order interpersonal negotiations and interactions.
Structure and Properties of Cyclic Compounds. III.<sup>1</sup> Dissociation Constants of Simple α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic Acids (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Properties of Cyclic Compounds. III.1 Dissociation Constants of Simple α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic AcidsOwne H. Wheeler and Isaac LernerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 1, 63–64Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01582a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01582a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthese natürlich vorkommender <i>p</i>‐Hydroxyacetophenon‐Derivate, III (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend von p ‐Hydrogxyacetophenon‐Derivaten wurden zehn natürlich vorkommende Verbindungen dargestellt. Die Synthese des Vinylchromens 18 machte unerwartete Schwierigkeiten, da die Wasserabspaltung bei dem entsprechenden Alkohol nicht gelang. Jedoch liefert das Tosylhydrazon 17 die gewünschte Vinylverbindung.
Reduced Inhibition and Increased Output of Layer II Neurons in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2003)

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adults, and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. To investigate how the medial entorhinal cortex might contribute to temporal lobe epilepsy, we evaluated the histology and electrophysiology of slices from rats 3-7 d after an epileptogenic injury (pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus). Nissl staining, NeuN immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization for GAD65 mRNA were used to verify the preferential loss of glutamatergic neurons and the relative sparing of GABAergic interneurons in layer III. From slices adjacent to those that were used for anatomy, we obtained whole-cell patch recordings from layer II medial entorhinal cortical neurons. Recordings under current-clamp conditions revealed similar intrinsic electrophysiological properties (resting membrane potential, input resistance, single spike, and repetitive firing properties) to those of controls. Spontaneous IPSCs were less frequent (68% of controls), smaller in amplitude (57%), and transferred less charge (51%) than in controls. However, the frequency, amplitude, and rise time of miniature IPSCs were normal. These findings suggest that after epileptogenic injuries the layer II entorhinal cortical neurons receive less GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic input because presynaptic inhibitory interneurons become less active. To investigate the possible consequences of reduced spontaneous inhibitory input to layer II neurons, we recorded field potentials in the dentate gyrus, their major synaptic target. At 5 d after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus the spontaneous field potentials recorded in vivo were over three times more frequent than in controls. These findings suggest that an epileptogenic injury reduces inhibition of layer II neurons and results in excessive synaptic input to the dentate gyrus.
Is There Evidence of a Therapy-Related Increase in Germ Cell Mutation Among Childhood Cancer Survivors? (1991)

Few studies have examined human population data for evidence of an association between environmental mutagens and genetic disease. Our objective was to determine whether study of pregnancies and offspring of childhood cancer survivors would show evidence that therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, serious congenital abnormalities, or altered sex ratio. We analyzed information from patients' general practitioners for 2286 survivors of childhood cancer (1049 females and 1237 males) who were exposed or not exposed to direct irradiation of the abdomen or gonads or treatment with an alkylating agent. In addition, external control data based on the general population were used for some of the comparisons relating to congenital abnormalities and sex ratio. Data on reproductive history were complete for 1037 female survivors, who had 944 completed pregnancies, and 1078 male survivors, who produced 537 offspring. For the female survivors given abdominal or gonadal irradiation, there was an excess of miscarriages for the total number of pregnancies (17%) and for first pregnancies (19%), compared with the proportion for the total number of pregnancies in the females with similar neoplasms who were not exposed to such therapy (9%) and for first pregnancies in these females (8%). These results show re-emergence of an association suggested in our previous report of an increased risk of miscarriage as well as low birth weight among off-spring of female survivors of childhood cancer who received abdominal irradiation. In that study, it was considered unlikely that the association was due to germ cell mutation. Data in the present study do not show an association of exposure to therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells with sex ratio, or with occurrence of serious congenital abnormalities in the offspring of male or female survivors of such therapy. However, the question of a possible germ cell mutagenic effect of therapy will be adequately addressed only through an international collaborative effort.
Trans Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease (1999)

Trans unsaturated fatty acids are produced commercially in large quantities by heating vegetable oils in the presence of metal catalysts and hydrogen to form shortening and margarine.1 They are so named because the carbon atoms adjacent to their double bonds are on opposite sides, resulting in a straight configuration and a solid state at room temperature. In contrast, naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds as cis isomers, with adjacent carbons on the same side of the double bond, resulting in a bent shape and a liquid state at room temperature. Partial hydrogenation, the process used to create trans . . .
Hereditary cataract in the dog (1978)

ABSTRACT Hereditary cataract in the dog is described as it occurs in the Boston Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer, the Golden Retriever, the Labrador Retriever, the American Cocker Spaniel, the Afghan Hound, and the Old English Sheepdog. The mode of inheritance in each breed is also discussed and includes both dominant and recessive patterns.
Cytologic characterization and significance of normal karyotypes in t(8;21) acute myeloblastic leukemia (1982)

A cytologic and cytogenetic study of 10 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation and t(8;21) translocation is reported. Despite a certain polymorphic appearance, the characteristic cytologic picture, consisting essentially of large myeloblasts with an abundant cytoplasma containing a large Auer rod, allowed the presence of the chromosome anomaly to be predicted. t(8;21) translocation was attended by the loss of a sex chromosome in 7 of 10 cases. The comparative study of mitoses using cytologic and cytogenetic techniques showed that cells exhibiting normal karyotypes were essentially erythroblasts. This finding suggests that the chromosome anomaly does not affect all the bone marrow cell lines. After short-term culture, the percentage of normal karyotype mitoses diminished, as did the number of mitoses in erythroblasts.
Aβ reduction in BACE1 heterozygous null 5XFAD mice is associated with transgenic APP level (2015)

50% BACE1 reduction lowers Aβ42 in female 5XFAD mice only, potentially because BACE1 is not in excess over APP in 5XFAD females with higher transgene expression, while BACE1 is in excess over APP in 5XFAD males with lower transgene expression. Our results suggest that greater than 50% BACE1 inhibition might be necessary to significantly lower Aβ, given that BACE1 is likely to be in excess over APP in the human brain. Additionally, in experiments using the 5XFAD mouse model, or other Thy-1 promoter transgenic mice, equal numbers of male and female mice should be used, in order to avoid artifactual gender-related differences.
Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and Applications (1997)

From the Publisher:
The first edition of this classic reference work explained the design and development of mobile radio systems for voice and data in rigorous yet clear terms. Now Dr. William Lee has fully updated his guide to cover all the new technologies that are changing the face of mobile communications. Instead of merely describing the various existing and emerging systems, Dr. Lee helps you understand the crucial differences between applications for wireline and wireless communications.
Double-Stranded RNA Regulates IL-4 Expression (2001)

dsRNA, as genomic fragment, replicative intermediate, or stem and loop structure in cells infected by viruses, can act to signal the immune system of the presence of viral infections. Although most viral infections are associated with strong Th1 immune responses, Th2-type responses have also been observed. In this study, we characterize the effects of dsRNA on the induction of Th2 responses in human lymphocytes. We report that in addition to the well-known Th1-inducing capabilities of dsRNA, treatment of human lymphocytes with low concentrations of dsRNA (0.1-1 microg/ml) leads to the expression of the prototypic Th2 cytokine IL-4. This induction was accompanied with the concentration-dependent activation of NF-kappaB and NF-AT2 but not NF-AT1. In addition, dsRNA can directly activate an IL-4 promoter-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. These results are the first demonstration of a non-TCR-associated activator of NF-AT in human cells and suggest that dsRNA directly influences IL-4 gene expression through its effect on NF-AT activation. Our data provide support for the idea that dsRNA at low concentrations in vivo may induce a Th2-dominant response that is not optimal for protective immunity to the virus.
Maltotriose-producing Amylase from<i>Microbacterium imperial</i> (1991)

A maltotriose-producing amylase, which hydrolyzes the α-1,4-glucosidic linkages in starch with maltotriose units was found in the culture filtrate of a strain of the genus Microbacterium newly isolated from soil. The enzyme was purified almost to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Its optimum pH and temperature were around 6.5–7.0 and around 50°C, respectively. The enzyme was protected from heat in the presence of calcium ion. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 40,000 by the gel filtration method. Typical sugar composition of hydrolysis products from liquefied starch was about 55–60% of maltotriose, 10–20% of maltose, 1–3% of glucose and 20–40% of other higher oligosaccharides.
The Dymanics of regional labour markets in Taiwan, 1994-2007 (2009)

This paper investigates the role of regions to the outcomes of Taiwan's labour market over the period 1994-2007 using panel data on average annual wage and unemployment across the country's 23 regions. While wage inequality is rising within regions, there is a wage convergence between regions, although the speed is very low. The analysis on the degree of persistence of regional unemployment in Taiwan's regional labour market is also provided. Furthemore, the existence of a wage curve in Taiwan is somewhat controversial, although its pattern has been found in more than 40 countries. Using a panel two-stage least squares method, we find that there is no significantly negative relationship between wage and unemployment in Taiwan.
Nutrition and Diabetes (1981)

Recent research has suggested that the present diets prescribed for diabetics, while satisfactory up to a point, are nevertheless, not the most suitable, given today's sedentary lifestyle.
Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures (2004)

At present there is little evidence from randomised controlled trials to support the use of any of the anticonvulsants currently used in the neonatal period. In the literature, there remains a body of opinion that seizures should be treated because of the concern that seizures in themselves may be harmful, although this is only supported by relatively low grade evidence (Levene 2002; Massingale 1993). Development of safe and effective treatment strategies relies on future studies of high quality (randomised controlled trials with methodology that assures validity) and of sufficient size to have the power to detect clinically important reductions in mortality and severe neurodevelopmental disability in addition to any short term reduction in seizure burden.
Separation of CH_4/CO_2/N_2 Mixture by Pressure Swing Adsorption (2011)

A compact adsorption-based process for removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogen from natural gas has been discussed. Among the adsorption-based processes, especially, the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process has been a suitable unit operation for the purification and separation of gas because of low operation energy and cost. A step cycle is made up of pressurization, feed, equalization, blowdown and rinse. In this work, the PSA process is composed of zeolite 13X and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) for removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogen from mixed gas containing (75:21:4 vol%). A CMS selectively removes carbon dioxide and a zeolite 13X separates nitrogen from methane. CMS is investigated experimentally due to the high throughput of the faster diffusing component (). The gas composition of top, bottom and feed tank was measured with the gas chromatography (GC) using TCD detector, helium as carrier gas and packed column for analysis of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
One-Pot Synthesis of α-Carbolines via Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Aryl Amination and Intramolecular Arylation (2009)

A one-pot synthesis of alpha-carbolines via a palladium-catalyzed aryl amination followed by intramolecular arylation is described. 2,3-Dichloro- and 2,3-dibromopyridines have been shown to react with readily available anilines to obtain various substituted alpha-carbolines in moderate to excellent yields.
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Levels Are Regulated by the Low Density Lipoprotein-related Scavenger Receptor and Thrombospondin 2 (2001)

We have recently shown that the adhesive defect observed in dermal fibroblasts derived from thrombospondin 2 (TSP2)-null mice results from an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) levels (Yang, Z., Kyriakides, T. R., and Bornstein, P. (2000) Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 3353-3364). Adhesion was restored by replacement of TSP2 and by inhibitors of MMP2 activity. In pursuing the observation that TSP2 and MMP2 interact, we now demonstrate that this interaction is required for optimal clearance of extracellular MMP2 by fibroblasts. Since TSP2 is known to be endocytosed by the scavenger receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), we determined whether interference with LRP function affected fibroblast adhesion and/or extracellular MMP2 levels. Addition of heparin, which competes for the binding of TSP2 to LRP coreceptor proteoglycans, inhibited adhesion of control but not TSP2-null cells, and a blocking antibody to LRP as well as the LRP inhibitor, receptor-associated protein, also inhibited adhesion and increased MMP2 levels only in control fibroblasts. TSP2 did not inhibit active MMP2 directly and did not inhibit the activation of pro-MMP2. Finally, the internalization of 125I-MMP2 was reduced in TSP2-null compared with control fibroblasts. We propose that clearance of MMP2-TSP2 complexes by LRP is an important mechanism for the regulation of extracellular MMP2 levels in fibroblasts, and perhaps in other cells. Thus, some features of the phenotype of TSP2-null mice, such as abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis, accelerated wound healing, and increased angiogenesis, could result in part from increased MMP2 activity.
IEEE 802.11-saturation throughput analysis (1998)

To satisfy the emerging need of wireless data communications, the IEEE is currently standardizing the 802.11 protocol for wireless local area networks. This standard adopts a CSMA/CA medium access control protocol with exponential backoff. We present a simple analytical model to compute the saturation throughput performance in the presence of a finite number of terminals and in the assumption of ideal channel conditions. The model applies to both basic and request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) access mechanisms. Comparison with simulation results shows that the model is extremely accurate in predicting the system throughput.
DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. (2001)

This article describes the Dual Route Cascaded (DRC) model, a computational model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. The DRC is a computational realization of the dual-route theory of reading, and is the only computational model of reading that can perform the 2 tasks most commonly used to study reading: lexical decision and reading aloud. For both tasks, the authors show that a wide variety of variables that influence human latencies influence the DRC model's latencies in exactly the same way. The DRC model simulates a number of such effects that other computational models of reading do not, but there appear to be no effects that any other current computational model of reading can simulate but that the DRC model cannot. The authors conclude that the DRC model is the most successful of the existing computational models of reading.