gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Required for Normal Cell Morphology and Cytokinesis in the Fission Yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (2009)

To investigate the contributions of phosphatidylethanolamine to the growth and morphogenesis of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have characterized three predicted genes in this organism, designated psd1, psd2, and psd3, encoding phosphatidylserine decarboxylases, which catalyze the conversion of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. S. pombe mutants carrying deletions in any one or two psd genes are viable in complex rich medium and synthetic defined minimal medium. However, mutants carrying deletions in all three psd genes (psd1-3Delta mutants) grow slowly in rich medium and are inviable in minimal medium, indicating that the psd1 to psd3 gene products share overlapping essential cellular functions. Supplementation of growth media with ethanolamine, which can be converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by the Kennedy pathway, restores growth to psd1-3Delta cells in minimal medium, indicating that phosphatidylethanolamine is essential for S. pombe cell growth. psd1-3Delta cells produce lower levels of phosphatidylethanolamine than wild-type cells, even in medium supplemented with ethanolamine, indicating that the Kennedy pathway can only partially compensate for the loss of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity in S. pombe. psd1-3Delta cells appear morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type S. pombe cells in medium supplemented with ethanolamine, but when cultured in nonsupplemented medium, they produce high frequencies of abnormally shaped cells as well as cells exhibiting severe septation defects, including multiple, mispositioned, deformed, and misoriented septa. Our results demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine is essential for cell growth and for normal cytokinesis and cellular morphogenesis in S. pombe, and they illustrate the usefulness of this model eukaryote for investigating potentially conserved biological and molecular functions of phosphatidylethanolamine.
A novel approach for automatic acoustic novelty detection using a denoising autoencoder with bidirectional LSTM neural networks (2015)

Acoustic novelty detection aims at identifying abnormal/novel acoustic signals which differ from the reference/normal data that the system was trained with. In this paper we present a novel unsupervised approach based on a denoising autoencoder. In our approach auditory spectral features are processed by a denoising autoencoder with bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural networks. We use the reconstruction error between the input and the output of the autoencoder as activation signal to detect novel events. The autoencoder is trained on a public database which contains recordings of typical in-home situations such as talking, watching television, playing and eating. The evaluation was performed on more than 260 different abnormal events. We compare results with state-of-the-art methods and we conclude that our novel approach significantly outperforms existing methods by achieving up to 93.4% F-Measure.
CRF-based stochastic pronunciation modeling for out-of-vocabulary spoken term detection (2010)

Out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms present a significant challenge to spoken term detection (STD). This challenge, to a large extent, lies in the high degree of uncertainty in pronunciations of OOV terms. In previous work, we presented a stochastic pronunciation modeling (SPM) approach to compensate for this uncertainty. A shortcoming of our original work, however, is that the SPM was based on a joint-multigram model (JMM), which is suboptimal. In this paper, we propose to use conditional random fields (CRFs) for letter-to-sound conversion, which significantly improves quality of the predicted pronunciations. When applied to OOV STD, we achieve considerable performance improvement with both a 1-best system and an SPM-based system. Index Terms: speech recognition, spoken term detection, conditional random field, joint multigram model
GRIDDED PARASITIC PATCH STACKED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH BEAM SHIFT CAPABILITY FOR 60 GHZ BAND (2015)

A microstrip antenna design is introduced in which a rectangular microstrip patch is coupled electromagnetically with a gridded rectangular patch placed above. The gridded patch consists of nine identical rectangular parts separated by a distance which is much smaller than a free space wavelength for a central frequency. The antenna is designed to operate in the 60 GHz band and is fabricated on a conventional PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) thin substrate. The antenna return loss bandwidth is comparable to a single parasitic patch aperture coupled antenna, while the proposed antenna gain is higher. Measurement results are in good agreement with simulation. Measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth is from 54 GHz up to 67 GHz. It fully covers the unlicensed band around 60 GHz. The measured antenna realized gain at 60 GHz is close to 8 dB, while the simulated antenna radiation efficiency is 85%. A simple beam shifting method is possible for this antenna structure by connecting adjacent outside parts in the gridded patch. The designed antenna is suitable for a high speed wireless communication system in particular for a user terminal in a fifth generation (5G) cellular network.
Peak Demand Reduction from Pre-Cooling with Zone Temperature Reset in an Office Building (2004)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential for reducing peak-period electrical demand in moderate-weight commercial buildings by modifying the control of the HVAC system.An 80,000 ft 2 office building with a medium-weight building structure and high window-to-wall ratio was used for a case study in which zone temperature set-points were adjusted prior to and during occupancy.HVAC performance data and zone temperatures were recorded using the building control system.Additional operative temperature sensors for selected zones and power meters for the chillers and the AHU fans were installed for the study.An energy performance baseline was constructed from data collected during normal operation.Two strategies for demand shifting using the building thermal mass were then programmed in the control system and implemented progressively over a period of one month.It was found that a simple demand limiting strategy performed well in this building.This strategy involved maintaining zone temperatures at the lower end of the comfort region during the occupied period up until 2 pm.Starting at 2 pm, the zone temperatures were allowed to float to the high end of the comfort region.With this strategy, the chiller power was reduced by 80-100% (1 -2.3 W/ft 2 ) during normal peak hours from 2 -5 pm, without causing any thermal comfort complaints.The effects on the demand from 2 -5 pm of the inclusion of pre-cooling prior to occupancy are unclear.
Fracture and tensile fatigue properties of stitched fibreglass composites (2004)

The effect of through-thickness stitching on the in-plane fracture toughness and tensile fatigue properties of a glass reinforced polymer composite is investigated. A large improvement in the fracture toughness of fibreglass composites can be achieved by stitching. It is discovered that stitching can force the crack to follow a tortuous path from stitch to stitch, and this improves the fracture resistance. However, the ability of stitching to increase the fracture toughness is critically dependent on the stitch pattern. Stitching is found to shorten the tensile fatigue life of the fibreglass composite. The fatigue damage mechanisms are investigated, and it is shown that crimping and distortion of load-bearing fibres by the stitches results in the early formation of cracks which is the cause of the reduced fatigue life. As with the in-plane fracture toughness, the fatigue performance is affected by the stitch pattern.
A Prokinetic Approach to Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (1998)

Currently available medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) vary in mechanisms of action from neutralization or suppression of gastric acid to improving underlying upper gastrointestinal dysmotility. This article reviews the clinical efficacy of pharmacological agents used to treat GERD and provides a rationale for considering a primary prokinetic approach to antireflux treatment which will be applicable to many patients. Treatment trials in acute GERD have demonstrated unexpectedly prolonged maintenance of high esophageal pH with tablet and liquid antacid formulations. However, there are no well-designed placebo-controlled trials of antacids for esophageal mucosal healing. H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) at conventional doses relieve reflux symptoms in at least 50% of reported series of GERD patients, and they can also provide endoscopic healing in 27-45% of the cases. Therapy with more potent acid-suppressive agents such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may lead to improved symptomatic relief and to superior healing compared with H2RA therapy, especially in those patients with more advanced erosive esophagitis. Promotility agents, particularly cisapride, offer symptom relief and healing rates which are quite similar to standard H2RA treatment. GERD tends to be a chronic and relapsing condition. Cisapride has been shown to be quite effective in maintaining remission in GERD patients, including endoscopic remission in the lesser degrees of esophagitis. This may be accomplished with relatively low and cost-effective dosing in many individuals. For the small proportion of patients who manifest severe grades of esophagitis, PPI therapy is associated with lower relapse rates than either H2RA or prokinetic treatment. Overall, a strong case can be made for the empirical selection of promotility therapy for the large numbers of GERD patients who do not have documented severe erosive disease.
Inhibition of Tumor Progression Locus 2 Protein Kinase Decreases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor .ALPHA. Production Due to the Inhibition of the Tip-Associated Protein Induction in RAW264.7 Cells (2010)

The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is critically involved in inflammatory events through mediation of the production of various inflammatory cytokines. The Tpl2 (tumor progression locus 2)-MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of Tpl2-mediated TNFalpha production using a potent Tpl2 kinase inhibitor, 1,7-naphtyridine-3-carbonitrile, and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This inhibitor was effective in suppressing the in vitro Tpl2 kinase activity, and caused a significant reduction in TNFalpha production via specific suppression of the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK but not that of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A p38 inhibitor, SB203580, also inhibited the TNFalpha production dose-dependently. Although the TNFalpha mRNA level was not altered by either inhibitor, the Tpl2 inhibitor increased the nuclear TNFalpha mRNA level, while decreasing that in the cytoplasm. Tip-associated protein (TAP), a key molecule in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of TNFalpha mRNA, was up-regulated by LPS, but this increase was impaired by the Tpl2 inhibitor. In all cases, SB203580 was without effect in the presence of LPS. These results suggest that the LPS-induced TNFalpha production via the Tpl2-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is regulated by changing the TAP level at the nucleocytoplasmic transport level. These results improve understanding of TNFalpha regulatory mechanisms and might provide a new therapeutic strategy against inflammatory diseases.
[Reactions of cerebral vessels to hyperbaric oxygenation in the normal state and in patients with cerebral ischemia]. (1991)

During initial sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO), the reduction of the pulse blood content in health (with no cerebral injury) is not pronounced and does not reach the significant level whereas in the course of final sessions it does not almost manifest itself. In contrast to that, in the main group of patients (with sequels of ischemic insult), the above reaction manifests itself more clearly, being statistically significant both in the course of initial and final HBO sessions, which demonstrates greater vasoconstrictor preparedness. That reaction is especially remarkable in the hemisphere of predominant injury (HPI) whereas in the relatively preserved hemisphere, it is slightly weaker and occupies as if an intermediate place between the HPI and normal.
Adventitial Mast Cells Connect With Sensory Nerve Fibers in Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries (2000)

Neurogenic stimulation of mast cells in the adventitia of coronary arteries may release vasoactive compounds, such as histamine and leukotrienes, which can contribute to the complex neurohormonal response that leads to abnormal coronary vasoconstriction.
A Phenomenological Model for Predicting the Combustion Phasing and Variability of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Engines (2015)

An advanced combustion mode, Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) has shown the ability to extend loads relative to Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion but at reduced fuel conversion efficiency. SACI combustion is initiated by a spark, with flame propagation followed by a rapid autoignition of the remaining end-gas fuel fraction. Extending upon previous work [1,2], the Wiebe function coefficients used to fit the two combustion phases are regressed here as functions of the air path variables and actuator settings. The parameterized regression model enables mean-value modeling and model-based combustion phasing control. SACI combustion however, exhibits high cyclic variability with random characteristics. Thus, combustion phasing feedback control needs to account for the cyclic variability to correctly filter the phasing data. This paper documents the success in regressing the cyclic variability (defined as the standard deviation in combustion phasing) at various operating conditions, again as a function of air path variables and actuator settings. The combination of the regressed mean and standard deviation models is a breakthrough in predicting the mean-value engine behavior and the random statistics of the cycle-to-cycle variability.
Strained Silicon on Silicon by Wafer Bonding and Layer Transfer from Relaxed SiGe Buffer (2005)

We report the creation of strained silicon on silicon (SSOS) substrate technology. The method uses a relaxed SiGe buffer as a template for inducing tensile strain in a Si layer, which is then bonded to another Si handle wafer. The original Si wafer and the relaxed SiGe buffer are subsequently removed, thereby transferring a strained-Si layer directly to Si substrate without intermediate SiGe or oxide layers. Complete removal of Ge from the structure was confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy as well as secondary ion mass spectrometry. A plan-view transmission electron microscopy study of the strained-Si/Si interface reveals that the lattice-mismatch between the layers is accommodated by an orthogonal array of edge dislocations. This misfit dislocation array, which forms upon bonding, is geometrically necessary and has an average spacing of approximately 40nm, in excellent agreement with established dislocation theory. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a chemically homogeneous, yet lattice-mismatched, interface.
Influence of amino acid replacement at position 198 on catalytic properties of zinc-bound water in human carbonic anhydrase III (1993)

Carbonic anhydrase III, found predominantly in skeletal muscle, is the least efficient of the mammalian carbonic anhydrases in catalyzing the hydration of CO2. Phenylalanine-198 is located on the hydrophobic side of the active-site cavity with its phenyl ring in the proximity of the catalytically active zinc-bound water. We replaced phenylalanine-198 in human carbonic anhydrase III with seven other amino acids (Ala, Asn, Asp, His, Leu, Tyr, Val) using site-directed mutagenesis. The catalytic properties of these enzymes were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the exchange of 18O between CO2 and water was measured by mass spectrometry. All of the mutants had maximal values of kcat/Km for the hydration of CO2 enhanced, and five of the mutants had the pKa of the zinc-bound water increased compared with the wild-type enzyme. The largest effects were observed with the replacement Phe-198-->Asp which increased the maximal kcat/Km 140-fold and increased the pKa of the zinc-bound water from near 5 to 9.2. A Brønsted correlation was observed between log(kcat/Km) for hydration of CO2 and the pKa of the zinc-bound water (correlation coefficient r = 0.92); in addition, this pKa was inversely correlated with hydrophobicity of the residue at 198 (correlation coefficient r = -0.83). A direct correlation between the logarithm of the maximal kcat/Km for hydration and the logarithm of the pH-independent value of Ki for inhibition by cyanate (r = 0.95) indicated that the effect of the mutations at residue 198 occurred in large part by enhancement of the rate of dissociation of the enzyme-bicarbonate complex.
Open architecture controllers (1997)

Open architectures for desktop computing revolutionized the office. The author looks at how computer numerical controllers for factory equipment may be next.
Some Properties of Ternary Threshold Logic (1964)

A class of 3-valued switching functions, called ternary threshold functions, has been defined and described in some detail by Hanson [1]. It has been suggested' that continued investigation of synthesis with functions of this class is desirable; this note elaborates further on the properties of ternary threshold functions and demonstrates some to their use in network synthesis.2
A fault tolerant three-leg shunt active filter using FPGA for fast switch failure detection (2008)

The reliability of the VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) components such as semi-conductor switches is critical for the shunt active power filters. A failure in one of the switches decreases system performances and usually leads to disconnect the filter. So, to prevent such undesirable events, real-time fault detection, isolation and compensation must be implemented. This paper proposes new robust fast power switch fault detection and compensation for a three phase shunt active filter without redundant leg. The approach introduced in this paper minimizes the time interval between the fault occurrence in the semi-conductor switches, used in VSI, and its diagnosis. This paper demonstrates that a faulty switch can be detected in less than 10 mus without false fault detection due to power semiconductors switching by using simultaneously a "time criterion" and a "voltage criterion". To attain this short detection time, a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) implementation is mandatory. After fault detection, the classical three-leg shunt active filter is reconfigured in a two-leg topology. In this case the faulty phase is connected to the middle point of the DC bus. The experimental results based on "FPGA in the loop" hardware prototyping validate the performances of the proposed fault detection method for the reconfigurable three-leg active filter topology.
Analysis of Ba Marker in Chinese (2013)

A large number of linguists have long been interested in ergativity, however ergative languages have long presented a vexing problem for them. The characteristics causing a language to be described as "ergative" is that the intransitive subject is marked in the same way as the transitive object morphologically, while the transitive subject receives a different case marking. Morphological case marking is the original criterion of ergativity. But, later, the term "syntactic ergativity" is used to characterize languages where syntactic phenomena treat the single argument of a verb like "run" in the same way as the patient argument of a verb like "hit", while the agent argument of this two-argument verb is treated differently. What about Chinese? Because scholars claim that in linguistics, Chinese is well known as an isolating or an analytic language which lacks case inflection or verb agreement, it is not morphologically ergative. In this paper, I"ll first discuss Li and Yip"s argument against the analysis of ba as an absolutive marker, then Fujii (1989)"s belief that the entire syntax is centred more or less round the absolutive in Chinese, and finally show that ba as an absolutive marker is unmotivated, rather than ba should be treated as an object marker, sometimes optionally, sometimes obligatorily.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Homopolymer and Diblock Copolymer Grafted onto Silica Particles by Z-Supported RAFT Polymerization (2006)

Well-defined homopolymer and diblock copolymer were prepared by RAFT polymerization mediated by Z-supported chain transfer agent (CTA) onto silica particles. Silica-supported 3-(methoxycarbonylphenylmethylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl)propionic acid (Si-MPPA) was used to mediate RAFT polymerization of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene to produce homopolymer grafted silica. The introduction of a free CTA such as MPPA and 2-(2-cyanopropyl) dithiobenzoate (CPDB) in solution during polymerization could significantly improve the control on molecular weight and polydispersity of grafted polymers, and the polymerization in the presence of CPDB was more controlled than that using MPPA. The resultant homopolymer grafted silica was utilized as a macro-CTA to mediate chain extension polymerization, and a series of diblock copolymer grafted silica hybrids were prepared. Aminolysis of the polymers allowed the recovery of the polymeric chains showing 100% chain extension, as illustrated by the complete shift of GPC traces and low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.2). This efficient chain extension polymerization confirmed the original macro-CTAs had living homopolymer chains covalently attached to the surface.
Effect of High-Dosage Cholecalciferol and Extended Physiotherapy on Complications After Hip Fracture (2010)

Extended PT was successful in reducing falls but not hospital readmissions, whereas cholecalciferol treatment, 2000 IU/d, was successful in reducing hospital readmission but not falls. Thus, the 2 strategies may be useful together because they address 2 different and important complications after hip fracture.
WLC32-4: A Hybrid Multiple Access Scheme for Next Generation Wireless Communication (2006)

In this paper, we propose a scheme to integrate iterative multiuser joint decoding into OFDMA framework. According to the characteristics function of the single decoder and the SNR evolution method, the users with different coding scheme can be grouped to share the same block of subcarriers. A scheduling method based on SNR evolution technique is also proposed to schedule uplink shared resources.
Improvement in On/Off Ratio of Pentacene Static Induction Transistors by Controlling Hole Injection Barrier (2007)

For the realization of high-performance organic static induction transistors (OSITs), it is important to investigate the effect of a hole injection barrier at the interface between a pentacene films and a source electrode in OSITs. In this study, the OSITs based on pentacene films were fabricated on various metallic source electrodes with different work functions and on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with different CuPc thicknesses. The hole injection barrier was affected by the work function of metallic source electrodes (ITO, Au, and Pt) and the thickness of CuPc (0, 3, and 5 nm). The obtained results demonstrate that a high on/off ratio is achieved when a hole injection barrier with a moderate height is formed at the interface. It was found that controlling the hole injection barrier is effective for improving the characteristics of OSITs.