gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Potent Lead Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is considered a lethal and treatment-refractory disease. To obtain a potent anticancer drug, the cytotoxic effect of 2-(benzo[d]oxazol-3(2H)-ylmethyl)-5-((cyclohexylamino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol, dihydrochloride (NSC48693) on human pancreatic cancer cells CFPAC-1, MiaPaCa-2, and BxPC-3 was assessed in vitro. The proliferation of CFPAC-1, MiaPaCa-2, and BxPC-3 is inhibited with IC(50) value of 12.9±0.2, 20.6±0.3, and 6.2±0.6 µM at 48 h, respectively. This discovery is followed with additional analysis to demonstrate that NSC48693 inhibition is due to induction of apoptosis, including Annexin V staining, chromatins staining, and colony forming assays. It is further revealed that NSC48693 induces the release of cytochrome c, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, generates reactive oxygen species, and activates caspase. These results collectively indicate that NSC48693 mainly induces apoptosis of CFPAC-1, MiaPaCa-2, and BxPC-3 cells by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. Excitingly, the study highlights an encouraging inhibition effect that human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and liver (HL-7702) cells are more resistant to the antigrowth effect of NSC48693 compared to the three cancer cell lines. From this perspective, NSC48693 should help to open up a new opportunity for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Gait and calf muscle endurance in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (2005)

This study indicates a disturbed gait and decreased calf muscle endurance in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency. The results of this study point to a possible role for gait and strength training in the rehabilitation process of patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency.
Dynamic behavior of sol-gel gel-glass based thermochromic material applied toward development of practical optical temperature sensors (1998)

A newly developed sol-gel gel-glass based thermochromic material is studied from the point of view of its application to temperature sensors. This work shows the dynamic response of the thermochromic material both to temperature and to light radiation, exhibiting high repeatability. Also it is possible to store the maximum achieved temperature values.
Involvement of FcR  in signal transduction of osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) (2004)

Osteoclasts regulate homeostasis of bone development. A defect in osteoclast development results in osteopetrosis. Recently, the involvement of several molecules in osteoclast development has been found. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is one of such molecules critical for osteoclast differentiation. However, it remains unclear how OSCAR transduces signals for osteoclast differentiation. Here, we found that the FcRgamma chain, a signal transducing adaptor molecule for Fc receptors, is associated with OSCAR and is involved in the cell surface expression of OSCAR. Furthermore, FcRgamma is required for signal transduction by OSCAR. These findings suggest that the FcRgamma-mediated signal transduction by OSCAR is involved in osteoclast differentiation.
Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists on paracellular width and fluid flow across outflow pathway cells. (1998)

Epinephrine and isoproterenol increase flow through the paracellular pathway of SCE and TM cells through a beta-receptor mediated response that widens the intercellular space and reduces cell area. These findings support the hypothesis that epinephrine decreases the intraocular pressure in glaucoma therapy by promoting fluid flow across the SCE and TM cells lining tissues of the major aqueous outflow pathway.
[Organ transplantation, development and perspectives of the legal status]. (1992)

The FRG has no transplantation law as most other European countries do. A model of agreement is practised which is derived from fundamental principles, i.e., a personal right outlasting death and the agreement of the next of kin for organ removal. The paper favours a legal regulation that resolves the difference between a model of presumed consent on the hand and a model of agreement on the other hand, and advocates informing the next of kin, who can then object as representatives of the deceased.
Efficacy of a nonviable culture-derived Babesia bovis vaccine (1982)

Tissue culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigens were combined with a saponin adjuvant and used to vaccinate 3 adult cows and 8 yearling heifers. Each animal was vaccinated twice at a 3-week interval between vaccinations. Two adult cattle were premunized with an attenuated B bovis. All vaccinated cattle and premunized cattle along with 3 nonvaccinated adult cattle and 8 nonvaccinated yearling heifers were challenge exposed 4 weeks after the 2nd vaccine dose by IM inoculation of an estimated 1 x 10(8) virulent B bovis organisms. Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated controls responded to challenge exposure, whereas the premunized cattle were refractory to challenge exposure. These cattle given the adjuvant-vaccine showed a significantly milder clinical response to infection. Death occurred in 2 of the 3 adult controls and 2 of the 8 yearling controls. Death losses or severe reactions were not seen among the vaccinated cattle. Vaccinated animals, before challenge exposure, failed to respond serologically to the complement-fixation test even though specific antibodies to B bovis antigens were detected with the indirect antibodies to B bovis antigens were detected with the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The apparent absence of isoimmunizing antigens and the ability to serologically distinguish vaccinated animals from infected animals are additional attributes which contribute to the potential usefulness of this vaccine.
Fast polarization controllers and scramblers for high-speed lightwave systems (1995)

Polarization controllers and scramblers can substantially increase the transmission capacity in high-speed fiber-optic communication systems by reducing undesired polarization effects and through polarization multiplexing. In this paper we review the operation of these polarization modulators and their applications in high-speed lightwave systems.
Dynamic Capacity Adjustment of Property-Casualty Insurers: An Empirical Investigation (1992)

This paper examines the dynamic adjustment process of the capacity ratio for property-casualty insurers. The primary objective is to understand how insurers adjust their capacity ratios to some optimal level. An understanding of the dynamic adjustment process of insurers’ capacity ratios may prove beneficial to understanding underwriting cycles and in the use of solvency surveillance. Our empirical results indicate that the partial adjustment model describes the behavior of our sample of insurers well. In addition, we find the speed of adjustment is faster for larger insurers than for smaller insurers.
Mode of Action of Anticancer Drugs That Modify DNA Becoming Qearer (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMode of Action of Anticancer Drugs That Modify DNA Becoming QearerResearch is revealing precisely how antibiotics such as bleomycin interact with DNA, offering hope for design of improved anticancer agentsRUDY M. BAUMView Author Information C&EN San FranciscoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 18, 31–56Publication Date (Print):May 6, 1991Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 6 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n018.p031https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n018.p031newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics Get e-Alerts
Design of High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Transistors (2019)

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) integrate the light-emitting and gate-modulated electrical switching functions in a single device. Over the past decades, progress has been made in developing new fluorescent semiconductors and device engineering that pushed efficiencies of OLET devices to 8%. However, this efficiency of transistors is still too low to be competitive with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Currently, there are relatively few suitable organic fluorescent semiconductors suitable for OLETs, and the mechanism of electroluminescence in the devices is still not fully understood. In this mini-review, we discuss the state of highly efficient OLETs and plausible approaches to those unsettled problems. Since this is a mini-review, we will not be able to cover all the excellent work in the literature. Readers are encouraged to read other excellent reviews published earlier.
<i>Pseudomonas</i>genomes: diverse and adaptable (2011)

Members of the genus Pseudomonas inhabit a wide variety of environments, which is reflected in their versatile metabolic capacity and broad potential for adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we examine and compare the genomes of a range of Pseudomonas spp. encompassing plant, insect and human pathogens, and environmental saprophytes. In addition to a large number of allelic differences of common genes that confer regulatory and metabolic flexibility, genome analysis suggests that many other factors contribute to the diversity and adaptability of Pseudomonas spp. Horizontal gene transfer has impacted the capability of pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. in terms of disease severity (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and specificity (Pseudomonas syringae). Genome rearrangements likely contribute to adaptation, and a considerable complement of unique genes undoubtedly contributes to strain- and species-specific activities by as yet unknown mechanisms. Because of the lack of conserved phenotypic differences, the classification of the genus has long been contentious. DNA hybridization and genome-based analyses show close relationships among members of P. aeruginosa, but that isolates within the Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae species are less closely related and may constitute different species. Collectively, genome sequences of Pseudomonas spp. have provided insights into pathogenesis and the genetic basis for diversity and adaptation.
Fractal Geometry‐Based Decrease in Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole Concentrations in Overweight and Obese People (2016)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is one of the most widely drugs on earth. The World Health Organization recommends it as an essential basic drug for all healthcare systems. Dosing is inconsistently based on weight, assuming linear relationships. Given that obesity is now a global "pandemic" it is vital that we evaluate the effect of obesity on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concentrations. We conducted a prospective clinical experiment based on optimized design strategies and artificial intelligence algorithms and found that weight and body mass index (BMI) had a profound effect on drug clearance and volume of distribution, and followed nonlinear fractal geometry-based relationships. The findings were confirmed by demonstrating decreased TMP-SMX peak and area under the concentration-time curves in overweight patients based on standard regression statistics. The nonlinear relationships can now be used to identify new TMP-SMX doses in overweight and obese patients for each of the infections caused by the >60 pathogens for which the drug is indicated.
Overlay multicast trees of minimal delay (2004)

Overlay multicast (or application-level multicast) has become an increasingly popular alternative to IP-supported multicast. End nodes participating in overlay multicast can form a directed tree rooted at the source using existing unicast links. For each receiving node there is always only one incoming link. Very often, nodes can support no more than a fixed number of outgoing links due to bandwidth constraints. Here, we describe an algorithm for constructing a multicast tree with the objective of minimizing the maximum communication delay (i.e. the longest path in the tree), while satisfying degree constraints at nodes. We show that the algorithm is a constant-factor approximation algorithm. We further prove that the algorithm is asymptotically optimal if the communicating nodes can be mapped into Euclidean space such that the nodes are uniformly distributed in a convex region. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using randomly generated configurations of up to 5,000,000 nodes.
Plugging 3G Mobile Networks into the Internet: A Prototype-Based Evaluation (2006)

The third generation mobile network aims at providing present and future Internet services everywhere and at anytime using cellular technologies. This is based on its all-IP core network known as the IP multimedia subsystem which provides end-users with better QoS, charging and integration of different services. However, certain interoperability and interconnectivity limitations still exist, indicating that the convergence of the Internet and 3G networks is still not complete. We provide a prototype-based evaluation on the signalling interworking of end-to-end services across the networks. Our results show crucial performance shortcomings of the standardised approach which requires immediate attention
Emerging drugs for endometriosis (2004)

Medical treatment of endometriosis relies on drugs that suppress ovarian steroids and induce an hypoestrogenic state that causes atrophy of ectopic endometrium. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, danazol, progestogens and oestrogen-progestin combinations have all proven effective in relieving pain and reducing the extent of endometriotic implants. However, symptoms often recur after discontinuation of therapy and hypoestrogenism-related side effects limit the long-term use of most medications. Furthermore, these therapies are of limited value in patients with a desire to become pregnant because they inhibit ovulation. An important target for current research is to identify effective therapies that can be safely administered in the long term. GnRH analogues with add-back therapy, progestogens and continuous oral contraceptive are options available for a medium or long-term systemic treatment. Mifepristone, an antiprogestogen, may constitute an alternative if encouraging preliminary data on its effectiveness and tolerability are confirmed. A very appealing area of interest is the possibility of treating endometriosis without suppressing ovarian function. Aromatase inhibitors might have such characteristics as they have been shown to inhibit oestrogen production selectively in endometriotic lesions, without affecting ovarian function; the clinical role of these drugs in the treatment of endometriosis is under evaluation. Levonorgestrel medicated intrauterine device has proven effective in relieving dysmenorrhoea associated with endometriosis, as well as pain associated with rectovaginal endometriosis. Although a systemic absorption is present determining side effects, this approach is promising in the long-term management of this condition. A fundamental objective of research in endometriosis treatment is to develop new therapeutic approaches based on the findings from experimental studies on the aetiopathogenesis of the disease; current research is focusing on anti-inflammatory drugs and modulators of the immune system. TNF-binding protein-1 and IL-12 have proved effective in reducing endometriotic lesions in animal models, while pentoxifylline and INF-alpha 2b have shown encouraging results in clinical studies. This area may be of paramount importance in the near future in order to develop a therapy that could prevent or eradicate endometriosis rather than merely relieving the symptoms.
Effect of selenium on mercury vapour released from dental amalgams: an in vitro study. (1994)

Wet corroded and air oxidized surfaces from different types of dental amalgams were used in this in vitro study. The mercury vapour released before and after standardized brushing with a conventional (ACTA) and an experimental selenium-containing toothpaste was examined. The results showed differences between the wet corroded and the air oxidized surfaces. High copper, non- gamma 2- amalgams, released more mercury vapour than the conventional one throughout the experiment. When the amalgam surfaces were brushed with the conventional toothpaste, an increase of the released vapour was noted. The use of the selenium containing toothpaste resulted in all cases, in significantly lower amounts of mercury vapour.
On the Convergence of Particle Methods for Multidimensional Vlasov–Poisson Systems (1989)

For Vlasov–Poisson systems, particle methods are numerical techniques that simulate the behavior of a plasma by a large set of charged superparticles, which obey the classical laws of electrostatics. The trajectories of these charged particles are then followed. Estimates for the errors incurred for a “semi-discrete” approximation to the underlying Vlasov–Poisson system are given by first superimposing a rectangular grid or mesh on all of phase space and then replacing the initial continuous distribution of charges or masses by discrete charges or masses located at the centroid of each grid cell. Our analysis, on one hand, generalizes that of G. H. Cottet and P. A. Raviart (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 21 (1984), pp. 52–76) to higher-dimensional Vlasov–Poisson systems, and, on the other, those fundamental results of Ole Hald (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 16 (1979), pp. 726–755) and of J. T. Beale and A. Majda (Math. Comp., 39 (1982), pp. 1–52) on vortex methods for two- and three-dimensional Euler equations, to particle-in-cell methods for multidimensional Vlasov–Poisson settings.
Effect of Quine-McCluskey simplification on Boolean space complexity (2009)

The minimization of logic gates is needed to simplify the hardware design area of programmable logic arrays (PLAs) and to speed up the circuits. The VLSI designers can use minimization methods to produce high speed, inexpensive and energy-efficient integrated circuits with increased complexity. Quine-McCluskey (Q-M) is an attractive algorithm for simplifying Boolean expressions because it can handle any number of variables. This paper describes a new model for the estimation of circuit complexity, based on Quine-McCluskey simplification method. The proposed method utilizes data derived from Monte-Carlo simulations for any Boolean function with different count of variables and product term complexities. The model allows design feasibility and performance analysis prior to the circuit realization.
Nondegenerate four-wave mixing efficiencies in DFB laser wavelength converters (1998)

The salient parameters affecting nondegenerate four-wave-mixing (FWM) conversion efficiency in distributed-feedback (DFB) laser wavelength converters are examined analytically. Both the maximum attainable, and typical gain saturated, FWM efficiencies are derived. Typical DFB lasers cannot achieve maximum conversion efficiency due to gain saturation, while laser-amplifier combinations potentially can. The ratio of efficiency to spontaneous emission noise is also addressed, where it is found that this ratio increases quadratically with net unsaturated gain.
Remote Sensing by Fourier Transform Spectrometry (1992)

The Basic Principles of Fourier Transform Spectrometry The Ideal Fourier Transform Spectrometer The Physics and Chemistry of Remote Sensing Real Fourier Transform Spectrometers Case Studies of Remote Sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometers Remote Sensing Environments General Observations and Conclusions Appendix Bibliography and References Index.
Acetaldehyde increases procollagen type I and fibronectin gene transcription in cultured rat fat-storing cells through a protein synthesis-dependent mechanism (1991)

We previously reported that acetaldehyde increases the production of type I collagen in cultured rat fat-storing cells. We studied the regulation of this effect by determining the expression of procollagen type I, fibronectin and transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNAs in passage 1 and 2 cultures of fat-storing cells exposed to acetaldehyde for up to 24 hr. By 6 hr, acetaldehyde increased the steady-state levels of alpha 1 procollagen type I messenger RNA 3.2-fold and of fibronectin messenger RNA 2.8-fold above control values. At 24 hr, messenger RNA levels remained elevated. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNA steady-state levels remained unaltered by 6 hr, but increased 1.5-fold by 24 hr. Cycloheximide (0.3 mmol/L) completely inhibited the acetaldehyde effect when added at zero time but was less effective when added at 15 min. The effect of acetaldehyde was not modified when cells were cultured in the presence of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide (100 mumol/L). Fat-storing cells were also cultured in the presence of lactate (5, 15 and 25 mmol/L) for 6 hr. At none of these concentrations was any effect seen on either alpha 1(I) procollagen or fibronectin messenger RNAs. In the presence of methylene blue, a scavenger of reducing equivalents, the effect of acetaldehyde on alpha 1(I) procollagen and fibronectin gene expression was totally inhibited. Transcription run-on assay showed that acetaldehyde increased both procollagen type I and fibronectin transcriptional activity threefold and 2.5-fold, respectively. We conclude that acetaldehyde increases alpha 1(I) procollagen and fibronectin gene expression through enhanced transcription by a mechanism dependent on newly synthesized proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
X-ray crystal structure of the antimalarial agent (-)-halofantrine hydrochloride supports stereospecificity for cardiotoxicity (1997)

The crystal and molecular structures and absolute configuration of (-)-halofantrine hydrochloride were determined by X-ray diffraction. The absolute configuration of the single chiral center of (-)-halofantrine was established to be in the S configuration. Thus, (+)-halofantrine, the more cardiotoxic isomer, has the R configuration. The carbon atom adjacent to the aromatic ring has the same configuration in both (+)- halofantrine and quinidine, suggesting a stereospecific component to the cardiotoxicity produced by both agents. The intramolecular N ... O distance is 4.177 +/- 0.006 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), which is close to the N ... O distance found in the crystal structure of (+/-)-halofantrine hydrochloride, even though the N-H group points in opposite directions in racemic halofantrine and (-)-halofantrine. Both the hydroxyl group and the amine group form hydrogen bonds with the chloride anions. The crystallographic parameters for (-)-halofantrine hydrochloride were as follows: chemical formula, C26H31Cl2F6NO+. Cl-; Mr, 492.4; symmetry of unit cell, orthorhombic; space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1); parameters of unit cell, a was 6.290 +/- 0.001 A, b was 13.533 +/- 0.003 A, and c was 30.936 +/- 0.006 A; volume of the unit cell, 2,633.2 +/- 0.7 A(3); number of molecules per unit cell, 4; calculated density, 1.354 g cm(-3); source of radiation, Cu K(alpha) (lambda = 1.54178 A); mu (absorption coefficient), 3.50 mm(-1); F(000) (sum of atomic scattering factors at zero scattering angle), 1,120; room temperature was used; final R (residual index), 4.75% for 2,988 reflections, with absolute value of Fo > 3sigma(F), where Fo is the observed structure factor and F is the structure factor.