gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radial tie fibers influence the tensile properties of the bovine medial meniscus (1994)

Although collagen fibers are arranged predominantly in the circumferential direction in the knee meniscus, there is evidence for radially oriented fibers within human menisci. A bovine medial meniscus model was used to study the hypothesis that radial fibers alter the radial tensile properties of the meniscus. The architecture of the collagen network and tensile properties of the bovine medial meniscus were examined; attention was given to large "radial tie fibers" and their regional variation. Menisci were sectioned serially into slices 400 microns thick. Polarized light microscopy showed that the distribution of radial tie fibers varied greatly among the anterior, central, and posterior regions. These radial tie fibers were larger and more frequent in the posterior region. Radial fibers persisted over many adjacent sections with similar architecture, which led to our hypothesis that they may be arranged in continuous sheets in which the morphology varies by region. Radially oriented specimens for tensile testing were grouped according to the number of radial tie fibers (full, partial, and no fiber) and region (anterior, central, and posterior). Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on a testing machine at a strain rate of 0.00017 sec-1 until failure. The tensile modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and ultimate tensile strain were determined. The presence of radial tie fibers in the specimen had a significant effect on the tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress. Specimens containing full radial tie fibers were stiffest and failed at the lowest strains; in specimens from the posterior region, the tensile modulus was 392%, the ultimate tensile stress was 314%, and the ultimate tensile strain was 68% that of the specimens with no radial fibers. In no-fiber specimens, the tensile modulus in the posterior region was 225% of the modulus in the anterior region, and the ultimate tensile strain in the posterior region was 68% that of the strain in the anterior region. The abundance of radial tie fibers in the posterior region seems to contribute to the increased stiffness of this region. The preferential stiffening of the posterior region by these radial fibrous sheets may be well suited to the manner in which the bovine medial meniscus functions in load-bearing.
A Deductive Method for Simulating Faults in Logic Circuits (1972)

A deductive method of fault simulation is described, which "deduces" the faults defected by a test at the same time that it simulates explicitly only the good behavior of logic circuit. For large logic circuits (at least several thousand gates) it is expected to be faster than "parallel" fault simulators, but uses much more computer memory than do parallel simulators.
High‐rate x‐ray spectroscopy in mammography with a CdTe detector: A digital pulse processing approach (2010)

These results make the proposed detection system a very attractive tool for both laboratory research and advanced quality controls in mammography.
Luminescent Silicon-Rich Nitride Horizontal Air-Slot Microdisk Resonators for Biosensing (2016)

We report on the fabrication and biosensing application results of luminescent horizontal air slot microdisk resonators based on silicon-rich nitride (SRN). The SRN provides the high refractive index contrast for tight mode confinement and small device sizes, and also emits light in the 800-nm wavelength range that is compatible with both aqueous environment typical of biosensors and standard silicon photodetectors. The 8-μm-diameter pedestal-type horizontal air-slot disk resonators with 135-nm-thick SRN disks and 25-nm thin air slots were designed for a single-mode operation in the vertical dimension and slot-mode overlap of 17.4 %, and fabricated using photolithography and selective etching. Whispering gallery mode emission with the Q-factors of 6100 is excited via toppumping, and detected using a Si charge-coupled device detector in a side-photoluminescence setup. Using bovine albumin serum and biotin/streptavidin reaction pair, the surface sensitivity of 4.6 nm/nm and 4.79 nm/(μg-ml) is demonstrated.
Wave propagation in moving chiral media: Fizeau's experiment revisited (1995)

The Fizeau experiment is discussed as a concrete example for investigating wave propagation in nonsimple moving media. Exact special relativistic formalism is used throughout, and first‐order approximations are developed from the exact forms. No Doppler frequency shifts occur to an observer in the laboratory frame of reference, because in Fizeau's experiment the moving fluid is contained within stationary boundaries. Consequently, only phase shifts are measurable. The results show that in order to measure the velocity effects from the interference fringes, one has to adequately modify the construction of the original Fizeau experiment. A relativistically exact model for first‐order in velocity was developed for the chiral medium giving a relatively simple formalism and enabling an easy solution to propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves in the presence of moving chiral media.
Synthesis and biological properties of 4-hydroxy, 4-thio-5-pyrimidine derivatives. (1999)

4-Oxy as well as 4-thio-5-carboxy and 5-hydroxy pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their microbiological properties were compared.
Anomaly Detection for Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0- A survey (2020)

Maintenance and reliability professionals in the manufacturing industry have the primary goal of improving asset availability. Poor and fewer maintenance strategies can result in lower productivity of machinery. At the same time unplanned downtimes due to frequent maintenance activities can lead to financial loss. This has put organizations’ thought process into a trade-off situation to choose between extending the remaining functional life of the equipment at the risk of taking machine down (run-to-failure) or attempting to improve uptime by carrying out early and periodic replacement of potentially good parts which could have run successfully for a few more cycles. Predictive maintenance (PdM) aims to break these tradeoffs by empowering manufacturers to improve the remaining useful life of their machines and at the same time avoiding unplanned downtime and decreasing planned downtime. Anomaly detection lies at the core of PdM with the primary focus on finding anomalies in the working equipment at early stages and alerting the manufacturing supervisor to carry out maintenance activity. This paper describes the challenges in traditional anomaly detection strategies and propose a novel deep learning technique to predict abnormalities ahead of actual failure of the machinery.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Copper Nanoparticles (1997)

In this paper, copper nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of copper(II) acetate in water and 2-ethoxyethanol using hydrazine under reflux. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a distinct absorption peak in the region 572−582 nm. The average size variation from 6.6 to 22.7 nm in ethoxyethanol and from 15.5 to 30.2 nm in water was achieved by the addition of various amounts of a protective polymer (poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)). The nonlinear optical properties of the copper colloids were first measured using the Z-scan technique. The χ(3)/α0 values obtained were found to be of the magnitude of 10-11−10-12 esu cm, which are in good agreement with the reported values obtained for copper nanoparticles embedded in glass.
Prediction of Oil Gravity Prior to Drill-Stem Testing in Monterey Formation Reservoirs, Offshore California (1993)

This paper discusses empirical geochemical correlations used to predict API oil gravities prior to drill-stem testing in Monterey Formation reservoirs, offshore southern California. The primary objective was to eliminate expensive well testing by identifying intervals that contain low-gravity, nonproducible oil (usually <14° API). However, the correlations proved very successful in accurately predicting (within 4° API) oil gravities that range from 5 to 35° API throughout the offshore Santa Barbara and Santa Maria areas. The primary data are weight-percent sulfur and Rock-Eval pyrolysis of bitumen chemically extracted from reservoir rock samples. In general, reservoirs that contain higher gravity, producible oil have bitumen organic sulfur contents of less than 5 wt. %, Rock-Eval bitumen S1 values greater than 450 mg HC/g bitumen, and Rock-Eval bitumen S1/S2 ratios greater than 1.0. These data are usually supplemented with Rock-Eval pyrolysis of the reservoir rock, where whole-rock S1/S2 ratios greater than 0.30 usually indicate associated oil gravities greater than 14° API. This analytical mix gives a multiple approach for estimating reservoir oil gravities within proposed drill-stem test (DST) intervals. Using this approach, oil gravities of more than 50 DSTs have been accurately predicted in the offshore southern California area. The technique is also useful for reevaluating API gravities in older wells where Monterey reservoirs were not the primary target. Moreover, the technique should have application elsewhere, provided the range of oil gravities are not the result of obvious biodegradation, and sufficient rock and oil samples are available to establish pertinent correlations.
Characterization of six textile dyes as fluorescent stains for flow cytometry. (1990)

Few fluorescent stains specific for cell constituents other than DNA are available. To assess their potential use as fluorescent stains for flow cytometry, the cell staining specificity of 55 compounds, originally synthesized for use as textile dyes and fluorescent brighteners, was explored and their excitation and emission wavebands determined. From these, six dyes were chosen for more detailed analysis. All six are vital stains, with excitation wavelengths allowing their use with an argon ion laser, and specific for a range of cell structures including mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lipid droplets, nuclear membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum. Concentrations as low as 0.01-0.25 microM were found to be adequate for most purposes, and high background fluorescence was not a problem. Their specificity allows differentiation between non-cycling and cycling cells. The properties of two of the stains allows their combination with propidium iodide or ethidium bromide for simultaneous determination of DNA content profiles. Being vital stains, usable at very low concentrations, and specific for a range of cell organelles, these six stains may be of considerable utility in flow cytofluorometry. We suggest that other textile dyes may be of use in flow cytofluorometry, or that their structures may form a starting point for the synthesis of further fluorescent stains of enhanced specificity.
Acoustical Damping for Linear Accelerometers (1959)

The acoustical damping system described in this paper uses a diaphragm, coupling chamber, and a resistive element in the form of a plug of porous sintered metal. A major feature of the development is the use of pressurization to match the acoustic impedance of the coupling chamber to that of the plug. Critical requirements which must be satisfied by the diaphragm, the chamber, the plug, and its acoustical termination are presented. The theoretical frequency response is presented in dimensionless form, and expressions for the dimensionless parameters are given in terms of physical constants of the instrument. Experience with instruments designed according to these principles and manufactured in quantity by Statham Instruments, Inc., has confirmed the theory.
Spanning the Great Divide (1994)

The adverse effects of the inadequate communication between technical and accounting personnel on the energy management in several New Zealand businesses are discussed. It is suggested that coordinated dissemination of energy information among the senior management, plant management and operators of businesses would help in effective long-term energy management and reduce their energy costs.
Fast Audio Feature Extraction From Compressed Audio Data (2011)

We describe an efficient system, which directly extracts features from compressed audio material. It consists of a time-frequency conversion method and a feature extraction algorithm. The conversion method provides the feature extraction algorithm with a suitable complex spectral representation directly from the compressed domain, and further allows to adjust its computational complexity. Several operating points using different computational complexities were tested with an MPEG audio identification system to evaluate the identification performance. Based on our implementations, we found that our direct conversion is about a factor of 1.6 to 3.3 faster than the conventional full decoding.
Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with 2 nanocarbons (2009)

One of the applications of nanomaterials is as reinforcements in composites, wherein small additions of nanomaterials lead to large enhancements in mechanical properties. There have been extensive studies in the literature on composites where a polymer matrix is reinforced by a single nanomaterial such as carbon nanotubes. In this article, we examine the significant synergistic effects observed when 2 different types of nanocarbons are incorporated in a polymer matrix. Thus, binary combinations of nanodiamond, few-layer graphene, and single-walled nanotubes have been used to reinforce polyvinyl alcohol. The mechanical properties of the resulting composites, evaluated by the nanoindentation technique, show extraordinary synergy, improving the stiffness and hardness by as much as 400% compared to those obtained with single nanocarbon reinforcements. These results suggest a way of designing advanced materials with extraordinary mechanical properties by incorporating small amounts of 2 nanomaterials such as graphene plus nanodiamond or nanodiamond plus carbon nanotube.
Long-term pain relief in canine osteoarthritis by a single intra-articular injection of resiniferatoxin, a potent TRPV1 agonist (2018)

The translational potential of analgesic approaches emerging from basic research can be augmented by client-owned dog trials. We report on a peripheral interventional approach that uses intra-articular injection of the ultrapotent TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) to produce a selective long-term chemoinactivation of nociceptive primary afferent nerve endings for pain control in naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis. A single injection of 10 µg of RTX, produced suppression of pain, improvement in gait, weight bearing, and improvement in the dog's activities of daily living lasting 4 months or longer. Two to 3 years after the injection, there are no alterations to suggest that removal of inflammatory pain caused accelerated joint degeneration (Charcot joint) in any of the dogs. To amplify the effective use of canine subjects in translational analgesia research, we report a high-quality canine dorsal root ganglion transcriptome. Some targets for analgesia are highly conserved both in protein sequence and level of expression within a target tissue while others diverge substantially from the human. This knowledge is especially important for development of analgesics aimed at peripheral molecular targets and provides a template for informed translational research. The peripheral site of action, long duration of analgesia, apparent safety, and retention of coordination, all resulting from a single dose suggest that intra-articular RTX may be an effective intervention for osteoarthritis pain with few or no side effects and lead to an improved quality of life.
Whole-Blood Hypercholinemia and Coronary Instability and Thrombosis (2005)

Whole-blood choline (WBCHO) and plasma choline (PLCHO) have been reported to be predictive for cardiac events in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (1)(2). The differential information of whole-blood vs plasma choline offers insights into the biochemistry and pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. A previous study has shown that mean (SD) WBCHO concentrations are significantly increased in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction \[31.1 (18.8) μmol/L] and high-risk unstable angina [47.4 (22.8) μmol/L] compared with patients with noncardiac chest pain [19.4 (6.8) μmol/L\] (1) or healthy volunteers [15.8 (9.5) μmol/L]. For interpretation of WBCHO, a cutoff of 28.2 μmol/L has been proposed (1), which also represents the 90th percentile of a reference population. For PLCHO, the optimum cutoff has not been determined, and 25 μmol/L (99th percentile of a reference population) and lower cutoffs (18.5 μmol/L) have been used for risk stratification. We have selected 3 cases with the constellation of increased WBCHO in combination with low PLCHO to discuss potential pathophysiologic implications. All choline analyses were performed with HPLC–mass spectrometry (1), and choline concentrations were not available for clinical decision-making.

### Case 1.

A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain for 1.5 h. He had a history of stable angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, and type II diabetes mellitus treated with glibenclamide. The patient had no history of bleeding or thrombosis, and results of routine blood cell analyses, including platelet count, mean platelet volume, coagulation indices, and renal function, as well as the physical examination were normal. Serial electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings demonstrated dynamic anterior ST changes and T-wave inversions, a left anterior hemiblock, and frequent ventricular premature beats. Serial measurements of cardiac troponin I (cTnI; Stratus CS) and T (cTnT; Elecsys 2010) were positive (0.99, 1.28, and 2.65 μg/L for cTnI and 0.23, 0.30 and 0.69 μg/L …
Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after oral hydrocortisone succinate ingestion in rats. (1978)

Groups of Holtzman female rats were fed 10 mg/day of hydrocortisone succinate orally to study the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to acute stress. Pituitary ACTH content, plasma ACTH, adrenal venous corticosterone, and adrenal weights were studied simultaneously in experimental and control rats before, during, and up to two weeks after oral hydrocortisone administration. There was a significant decrease in pituitary ACTH content (p=<0.001), suppression of plasma ACTH and corticosterone in response to acute stress (p=<0.001), and adrenal atrophy during and following oral hydrocortisone administration. After discontinuing the hydrocortisone it required three to five days for the rats to respond adequately to acute stress. However, it was seven to ten days post-hydrocortisone before plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses to acute stress had returned to basal values, but decreased pituitary ACTH content and partial adrenal atrophy continued throughout the ten-day post-hydrocortisone study interval. Recovering from the suppressive effects of oral hydrocortisone was more rapid than following parenteral hydrocortisone. However, oral hydrocortisone causes identical but less sustained suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as observed in animals treated with parenteral glucocorticoid preparations.
Clustered Genes for Galactose Metabolism from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Cloned in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1983)

DNA cloned into Escherichia coli from a serotype c strain of Streptococcus mutans allowed a galKTE mutant to utilize galactose for growth. However, the DNA does not appear to encode enzymes of the Leloir pathway used by E. coli, but rather appears to encode enzymes of the tagatose phosphate pathway.
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review and Update (2015)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition to individuals, families, and society. Oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination contribute as major pathological processes of secondary damages after injury. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a subpopulation that accounts for 5 to 8% of cells within the central nervous system, are potential sources of oligodendrocyte replacement after SCI. OPCs react rapidly to injuries, proliferate at a high rate, and can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. However, posttraumatic endogenous remyelination is rarely complete, and a better understanding of OPCs' characteristics and their manipulations is critical to the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize known characteristics of OPCs and relevant regulative factors in both health and demyelinating disorders including SCI. More importantly, we highlight current evidence on post-SCI OPCs transplantation as a potential treatment option as well as the impediments against regeneration. Our aim is to shed lights on important knowledge gaps and to provoke thoughts for further researches and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Detection of Asphaltene Deposition by Capillary Flow Measurements (2000)

Abstract This paper presents an experimental methodology that allows a sensitive determination of the onset and rate of deposition in asphaltene-containing fluids when the pressure, temperature, or fluid composition are varied. This determination is inferred from pressure drop measurements across a capillary tube in which the fluid is injected at a constant flow rate and at specified conditions of temperature, pressure and composition. When the conditions for deposition are met the pressure drop across the capillary tube is no longer stationary but increases with time as a result of the buildup of a deposition layer on the tube walls. In the experimental set-up that has been constructed, the fluid composition is controlled by co-injecting the various fluid components into the capillary by means of different pumps. This setup has been utilized to determine, at some given temperature and pressure, the deposition envelope of systems made of crude oil, solvent (xylene) and precipitant (heptane). The measured deposition points coincided with bulk flocculation thresholds determined by a conventional light transmission method. The light transmission method was, however, difficult to for fluids with a very low asphaltene content, whereas the proposed method was efficient for fluids containing as low as 0.04 wt.% asphaltenes. The rate of deposition was observed to increase with the distance from the deposition onset. Reversibility of deposition was significant only when the asphaltene-containing fluid was returned to conditions remote from those of the deposition onset.
Protease‐activated receptor‐1 upregulates fibroblast growth factor 7 in stroma of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2008)

The expression and function of PAR-1 in BPH stroma indicate PAR-1 may play important roles in BPH pathogenesis.
The Use of Cerium-Exchanged Clay as Corrosion Inhibiting and Sensing Pigments in Organic Coatings (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Securing children in cars from the trauma biomechanical point of view: a historical and global perspective (2016)

Since the 1960 Child Safety Systems in cars have been developed. The 3 point safety belt for adults rated as one of the 10 most important inventions for mankind, the seat belt has saved more than 1.5 Million lives. As well children have to be secured in a car but the 3 point belt is designed for adults. A 27 kg child is forced forward with 1.200 kg at 48 kph impact velocity. Here vulnerable body regions of 0-12 year old children need to be protected. Different body regions (head, spine, thorax and abdomen) will be discussed. The presentation will outline the effects of securing children in Germany, Sweden and other countries. Countermeasures to prevent paraplegia, head trauma and thoracic and abdominal injuries will be presented. The effect should result in a significant reduction of child fatalities and the reduction of severe and long term injuries in car accidents with children in the future. Institute for Forensic Medicine Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany b. Head Medical Biomechanical Accident Analysis Unit MBU, Munich, Germany , Wolfram.hell@med.uni-muenchen.de Language: en