gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alternative to the Bounds Test for Testing for Serial Correlation in Least-Squares Regression (1970)

This article shows how to transform residuals from regression on an arbitrary set of k regressors to a set of values having the same joint distribution as the residuals from regression on a different set L of k regressors. Let d′ denote the value of the statistic $\Sigma (z_{t}-z_{t-1})^{2}/\Sigma z_{t}^{2}$ calculated from these values. It is shown that for a suitable choice of L the distribution of d′ is the same as that of $d_{U}$ , the significance values of which are tabulated in [1].
A novel batch electrode design for use in stripping potentiometry facilitating medium exchange (1992)

Abstract Medium exchange between electrolysis and stripping steps affords numerous advantages in both voltammetric and potentiometric stripping techniques. A new electrode design for batch mode stripping analysis that allows simple medium exchange under potentiostatic control is described. This is achieved by adherence of a drop of sample to a glass tube containing a glassy‐carbon disc working electrode and a porous ceramic plug, which is in liquid contact with the inner solution in which the reference and counter electrodes are situated. The electrode can be used both for manual operation and for an automated system with a sample changer. Its use is demonstrated in the constant‐current stripping potentiometry determination of the dimethylglyoxime complexes of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) after medium exchange with stripping in 5 M CaCl 2 , thus avoiding interferences from dissolved oxygen and excessive amounts of zinc(II).
Growth and Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts Implanted with Cells Suspended in Matrigel<sup>TM</sup> (1993)

Growth and magnetic resonance characteristics of a human squamous cell carcinoma SQ20B were studied in vivo as xenografts in nu/nu nude mice. Tumor cells injected subcutaneously in the flank using either Matrigel (MTG, an extract of basement membrane proteins) or growth medium (GM) as a vehicle were compared. Much higher tumor growth rates and cell density were observed with Matrigel than with GM implantation. Histology also showed that MTG implanted cells grew as vascularized solid tumors compared to GM tumors which formed cysts. As a result of increased cell density with the improved method, tumors as small as 0.3 cm3 provide high S/N magnetic resonance spectra which yield smaller standard deviations with fewer experiments.
Viscosity Studies of Hydrophobically Modified (Hydroxyethyl)cellulose (1986)

Complete dissolution of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers is sometimes difficult owing to intermolecular interactions mediated by the hydrophobic substituent groups. Studies on hydrophobically modified (hydroxyethyl)cellulose demonstrated that the hydrophobic interactions must be completely disrupted by the solvent to obtain meaningful intrinsic viscosity data. A number of solvent systems containing either methanol or surfactants were considered. The results indicate that several systems are appropriate for use with these macromolecules. Constants for the Mark-Houwink equation for hydrophobically modified (hydroxyethyl)cellulose in 0.1% sodium oleate are reported.
Transesophageal Echocardiography For Mitral Valve Repair Surgery (2006)

Mitral valve repair has become the procedure of choice for most diseases of the mitral valve as it preserves both the valvular and subvalvular apparatus. In contrast to mitral valve replacement surgery, patients undergoing mitral valve repair have lower in-hospital mortality and length of stay and improved long-term survival.Several factors have contributed to the evolution of new techniques for mitral valvuloplasty, including changing patient demographics and increased use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOE).1-3 Demographically, there are fewer patients with rheumatic disease and more patients with mitral valve disorders that are amenable to repair, such as primary mitral valve degenerative disease or mitral regurgitation (MR} resulting from coronary artery disease. Concurrently, improved diagnostics by physicians skilled in using IOE have increased the potential candidates for mitral valve repair-for example, patients whose mitral valve disease can be diagnosed at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery. Information derived from IOE data can help determine the cause and severity of the mitral valve disease, assess the feasibility of performing a repair, and determine the success of the repair or if further intervention is needed. Medical causes of postoperative MR (systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet or the chordae) must be ruled out in advance.4-6
Unified Digital Image Display and Processing System (1981)

Our institution like many others, is faced with a proliferation of medical imaging techniques. Many of these methods give rise to digital images (e.g. digital radiography, computerized tomography (CT) , nuclear medicine and ultrasound). We feel that a unified, digital system approach to image management (storage, transmission and retrieval), image processing and image display will help in integrating these new modalities into the present diagnostic radiology operations. Future techniques are likely to employ digital images, so such a system could readily be expanded to include other image sources. We presently have the core of such a system. We can both view and process digital nuclear medicine (conventional gamma camera) images, positron emission tomography (PET) and CT images on a single system. Images from our recently installed digital radiographic unit can be added. Our paper describes our present system, explains the rationale for its configuration, and describes the directions in which it will expand.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Second harmonic generation χ tensor microscopy for tissue imaging (2009)

Important biological molecules such as collagen and myosin are strong second harmonic generators. The polarization dependence of second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a property of the second order susceptibility elements (χ tensor) of the molecules that produce the signal. In this work, we used polarization SHG microscopy to image and map pixel scale polarization anisotropy information of collagen-muscle junction of chicken wing and the dermis of human skin. We show that the variation in the χ tensor components can be displayed as images to show the contrast between different molecular sources of SHG.
175. The ammonolysis of methyl 2 : 3-anhydro-<scp>D</scp>-furanosides. Part II. Methyl 2 : 3-anhydro-5-O-methyl-α- and -β-<scp>D</scp>-lyxofuranosides (1956)

J. M. Anderson and E. Percival, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 819 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000819
Advances in High Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) Analyzers and FAIMS-Mass Spectrometry Interfaces (2019)

High field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is a gas phase separation technique that separates ions by the ratio of high to low electric field mobility, which is a characteristic of the three dimensional structure of ions. FAIMS separation in front of mass spectrometric analysis has the ability to reduce chemical noise thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratios and limits of detection; it can also be used to separate isobaric and isomeric compounds. FAIMS analyzers are simple to construct and are easily integrated into the atmospheric pressure ion source of current mass spectrometers without major modifications. The motivation of developing FAIMS analyzers in the Glish lab has been for the study of three dimensional gas phase ion structure of biological molecules, as well as to improve separation of compounds which are irresolvable using low resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. This dissertation does not focus on the application of FAIMS for structural elucidation, but instead on the development of a FAIMS device that combines excellent speed, resolution, and sensitivity in a simple to use small package. Described in the following chapters are the background for selection of gas phase ions by shape to charge, the development of a high amplitude asymmetric waveform power supply, modifications made the planar FAIMS device designed by the Pacific Northwest National Lab and the development of four generations of planar FAIMS devices. For each device limitations and flaws in the design are discussed along with proposed solutions and data demonstrating the results of modifications to analyzer design, and the successful construction of a planar FAIMS device with high speed, high sensitivity, and resolving power equal to much larger and more expensive devices.
Computer-Aided Design for Three-Dimensional Titanium Mesh Used for Repairing Skull Base Bone Defect in Pediatric Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (2008)

The approach combining computer-aided design, stereolithography and surgical navigation could help managing the complex lesions in the skull base and craniofacial area requiring rigid reconstruction.
The Challenges of Developing an API Crystallization Process for a Complex Polymorphic and Highly Solvating System. Part I (2009)

Developing a robust crystallization process for an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) molecule with a complex polymorphic profile can present a significant challenge. The presented case illustrates an unusual crystallization development problem where a polymorphically complex API has the additional obstacles of poor solubility in standard crystallization solvents as well as a propensity for forming solvates. After early polymorph screening of this candidate highlighted the potential for a complex solid form profile, a variety of experimental approaches was utilized to determine the low-energy polymorph and characterize the various solvates formed. Characterization of the API crystallization process identified a critical solvent composition range for the transformation from a metastable solvate form to the desired polymorph. During subsequent crystallization process development studies, a new lower-energy polymorph was discovered. Examination of the crystal structures led to a rationale for the formation of solvates and the existence of a new lower-energy form.
ABCF1 Regulates dsDNA-induced Immune Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2020)

<b>Background:</b> The airway epithelium represents a critical component of the human lung that helps orchestrate defenses against respiratory tract viral infections, which are responsible for more than 2.5 million deaths/year globally. Innate immune activities of the airway epithelium rely on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide binding and leucine-rich-repeat pyrin domain containing (NLRP) receptors, and cytosolic nucleic acid sensors. ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitous across all three domains of life-Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya-and expressed in the human airway epithelium. ABCF1, a unique ABC family member that lacks a transmembrane domain, has been defined as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that regulates CXCL10, interferon-β expression, and downstream type I interferon responses. We tested the hypothesis that ABCF1 functions as a dsDNA nucleic acid sensor in human airway epithelial cells important in regulating antiviral responses. <b>Methods:</b> Expression and localization experiments were performed using <i>in situ</i> hybridization and immunohistochemistry in human lung tissue, while confirmatory transcript and protein expression was performed in human airway epithelial cells. Functional experiments were performed with siRNA methods in a human airway epithelial cell line. Complementary transcriptomic analyses were performed to explore the contributions of ABCF1 to gene expression patterns. <b>Results:</b> Using archived human lung and human airway epithelial cells, we confirm expression of ABCF1 gene and protein expression in these tissue samples, with a role for mediating CXCL10 production in response to dsDNA viral mimic challenge. Although, ABCF1 knockdown was associated with an attenuation of select genes involved in the antiviral responses, Gene Ontology analyses revealed a greater interaction of ABCF1 with TLR signaling suggesting a multifactorial role for ABCF1 in innate immunity in human airway epithelial cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> ABCF1 is a candidate cytosolic nucleic acid sensor and modulator of TLR signaling that is expressed at gene and protein levels in human airway epithelial cells. The precise level where ABCF1 protein functions to modulate immune responses to pathogens remains to be determined but is anticipated to involve IRF-3 and CXCL10 production.
Effects of intra-specific tree competition on dendrometric parameters of Peltophorum dubium (2015)

The purpose of this research was to assess the performance of dendrometric parameters of 'Peltophorum dubium' in several trees competition and stand age. The experiment was carried out in Brazil from 2009 to 2013. The experimental evaluations were done on variables such as cylindrical volume (CV), crown diameter (CD), diameter at beast height (DBH1.3 m), crown area (CA) and total height of tree (THT). The experiment was performed in a Nelder wheel competition, which is used in forestry research to test tree competition in a single plot. The interaction between the treatments (tree competition and stand age) was statistically significant (p</=0.01) for all variables assessed. The correlation between THT with the other dendrometric variables was strongly negative. These results might be attributed to the tree competition, where the tree competition was higher the THT was higher, as well. This increase in THT caused depletion in DBH1.3 m, CD, CA and CV. The higher THT did not guarantee higher DBH1.3 m and CV of 'P. dubium', because these dendrometric parameters showed strong and negative correlation during 37 months of stand age. Even with these depletions on dendrometric parameters in higher tree competition, it was possible to affirm that 'P. dubium' is a forestry species that show a high adaptation in the variation of the tree competition ranged from 179 to 1,324 tree ha-1 until 37 months of stand age.
The viral Ki-ras gene must be expressed in the G2 phase if ts Kirsten sarcoma virus-infected NRK cells are to proliferate in serum-free medium. (1987)

NRK cells infected with a temperature-sensitive Kirsten sarcoma virus (ts371 KSV) are transformed at 36 degrees C, but are untransformed at 41 degrees C which inactivates the abnormally thermolabile oncogenic p21Ki product of the viral Ki-ras gene. At 41 degrees C, tsKSV-infected NRK cells were arrested in G0/G1 when incubated in serum-free medium, but could then be stimulated to transit G1, replicate DNA, and divide by adding serum at 41 degrees C or dropping the temperature to a p21-activating 36 degrees C without adding serum. When quiescent cells at 41 degrees C were stimulated to transit G1 in serum-free medium by activating p21 at 36 degrees C and then shifted back to the p21-inactivating 41 degrees C in the mid-S phase, they continued replicating DNA but could not transit G2. Reactivating p21 in the G2-arrested cells by once again lowering the temperature to 36 degrees C stimulated a rapid entry into mitosis. By contrast, while serum-stimulated quiescent G0 cells at 41 degrees C replicate DNA and divide, serum did not induce G2-arrested cells to enter mitosis, indicating that serum growth factors may trigger events in the G1 phase that ultimately determine G2 transit. These observations made with the viral ras product suggest that cellular ras proto-oncogene products have a role in G2 transit of normal cells.
Enabling commerce on the Internet (1996)

For several years, electronic commerce has been a much-touted goal for the Internet. Not long ago, the Internet was used primarily for research, with access limited mainly to the university and research communities. But network service providers and commercial online services have opened it to a much larger user community. Many companies have set up corporate Web pages, and we have started to see credit cards and other monetary instruments used to place orders over the network. The Internet is increasingly becoming a venue for conducting the commerce previously carried out by other means, and for offering new commercial online services.
Ligation of Fc gamma RII (CD32) pivotally regulates survival of human eosinophils. (1999)

The low-affinity IgG Fc receptor, FcgammaRII (CD32), mediates various effector functions of lymphoid and myeloid cells and is the major IgG Fc receptor expressed by human eosinophils. We investigated whether FcgammaRII regulates both cell survival and death of human eosinophils. When cultured in vitro without growth factors, most eosinophils undergo apoptosis within 96 h. Ligation of FcgammaRII by anti-CD32 mAb in solution inhibited eosinophil apoptosis and prolonged survival in the absence of growth factors. Cross-linking of human IgG bound to FcgammaRII by anti-human IgG Ab or of unoccupied FcgammaRII by aggregated human IgG also prolonged eosinophil survival. The enhanced survival with anti-CD32 mAb was inhibited by anti-granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) mAb, suggesting that autocrine production of GM-CSF by eosinophils mediated survival. In fact, mRNA for GM-CSF was detected in eosinophils cultured with anti-CD32 mAb. In contrast to mAb or ligands in solution, anti-CD32 mAb or human IgG, when immobilized onto tissue culture plates, facilitated eosinophil cell death even in the presence of IL-5. Cell death induced by these immobilized ligands was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and was inhibited when eosinophil beta2 integrin was blocked by anti-CD18 mAb, suggesting that beta2 integrins play a key role in initiating eosinophil apoptosis. Thus, FcgammaRII may pivotally regulate both survival and death of eosinophils, depending on the manner of receptor ligation and beta2 integrin involvement. Moreover, the FcgammaRII could provide a novel mechanism to control the number of eosinophils at inflammation sites in human diseases.
Intermediate filaments in monkey kidney TC7 cells: focal centers and interrelationship with other cytoskeletal systems. (1984)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of intermediate-sized filament-enriched cytoskeletons of epithelial monkey kidney TC7 cells has shown that they are composed of at least two keratins (isoelectric focusing 36, Mr = 48,500; IEF 46, Mr = 43,500; HeLa protein catalogue number) and vimentin. Indirect immunofluorescence as well as immunoelectron microscopy using antibodies directed against specific polypeptides sometimes revealed a discontinuous staining of keratin-containing filaments. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of cells stained with keratin or vimentin antibodies also revealed a bright perinuclear staining in 58% of the cells in interphase. Of particular interest were focal centers from which filaments radiated. Double-label immunofluorescence using tubulin and keratin antibodies showed that these centers codistributed with focal arrays of microtubules (most likely centrosomes) in interphase cells but were not colocalized with centrioles in mitosis or, in many cases, with the microtubule organizing centers seen after release from nocodazole treatment. Treatment of TC7 cells with demecolcine (10 micrograms/ml, 20 hr) resulted in a drastic rearrangement of the keratin and vimentin filaments. Likewise, treatment with cytochalasin B (10 micrograms/ml, 1 hr) produced a star-like arrangement of the keratin and vimentin filaments and, in most cases, these codistributed with patches of actin. The results provide evidence for the interaction of intermediate filaments (keratins and vimentin) with both microtubules and microfilaments.
Fingolimod provides long‐term protection in rodent models of cerebral ischemia (2010)

These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and possibly vasculoprotection, rather than direct effects on neurons, underlie the beneficial effects of fingolimod after stroke. S1P receptors are a highly promising target in stroke treatment.
Highly Effective Chiral Ortho-Substituted BINAPO Ligands (<i>o</i>-BINAPO):  Applications in Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenations of β-Aryl-Substituted β-(Acylamino)acrylates and β-Keto Esters (2002)

A novel family of chiral ortho-substituted BINAPO ligands (o-BINAPO) were synthesized from BINOL, and their Ru complexes were highly efficient catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of beta-aryl-substituted beta-(acylamino)acrylates and beta-aryl-substituted beta-keto esters. The Ru-bisphosphinite catalysts can tolerate an E/Z mixture of beta-aryl-substituted beta-(acylamino)acrylates. These highly enantioselective hydrogenations provide a useful way to prepare beta-aryl-substituted beta-amino acids and beta-hydroxyl acids.
Development of ultrasonic thermometry for high-temperature high-resolution temperature profiling applications in LMFBR safety research (1986)

Ultrasonic thermometry has been developed as a high temperature profiling diagnostic for use in the LMFBR Debris Coolability Program at Sandia National Laboratories. These instruments have been used successfully in the dc series experiments and the D10 experiment. Temperatures approaching 3000/sup 0/C with spatial resolution of 10 mm and indicated temperature gradients of 700/sup 0/C/cm have been measured. Instruments have operated in molten sodium, molten steel, and molten UO/sub 2/ environments. Up to 14 measurement zones on a single instrument in molten sodium have been used with 12 mm and 15 mm spatial resolution. Hermetically sealed units operated at elevated temperatures have been used. Posttest examination has revealed very little systematic calibration drifts (<10/sup 0/C) with random drifts occurring with less than 40/sup 0/C standard deviation in a 10 to 12 mm measurement zone. The stability of the system varies from +-1/sup 0/C to +-15/sup 0/C depending on the sensor design constraints for a particular application. Doped tungsten sensors have been developed to permit operation of total measurement zone lengths of 30 cm at temperatures above 2500/sup 0/C. 33 refs., 13 figs.
CXCL16 Influences the Nature and Specificity of CpG-Induced Immune Activation (2006)

Unmethylated CpG motifs are present at high frequency in bacterial DNA. They provide a danger signal to the mammalian immune system that triggers a protective immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Although the recognition of CpG DNA by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells is mediated by TLR 9, these cell types differ in their ability to bind and respond to structurally distinct classes of CpG oligonucleotides. This work establishes that CXCL16, a membrane-bound scavenger receptor, influences the uptake, subcellular localization, and cytokine profile induced by D oligonucleotides. This is the first example of a surface receptor modifying the cellular specificity and nature of the immune response mediated by an intracellular TLR.