gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical tangential vector finite elements for tetrahedra (1998)

Tangential vector finite elements (TVFEs) overcome most of the shortcomings of node-based finite elements for electromagnetic simulations. Hierarchical TVFEs are of considerable practical interest since they allow use of effective selective field expansions where different order TVFEs are combined within a computational domain. For a tetrahedral element, this letter proposes a set of hierarchical mixed-order TVFEs up to and including order 2.5 that differ from previously presented TVFEs. The hierarchical mixed-order TVFEs are constructed as the three-dimensional equivalent of hierarchical mixed-order TVFEs for a triangular element. They can be formulated for higher orders than 2.5, and the generalization to curved tetrahedral elements is straightforward.
Stress memory in plants: a negative regulation of stomatal response and transient induction of <i>rd22</i> gene to light in abscisic acid‐entrained <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants (2003)

All organisms, including plants, perceive environmental stress, and they use this information to modify their behavior or development. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis plants have memory functions related to repeated exposure to stressful concentrations of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which acts as a chemical signal. Repeated exposure of plants to ABA (40 micro m for 2 h) impaired light-induced stomatal opening or inhibited the response to a light stimulus after ABA-entrainment under both dark/light cycle and continuous light. Moreover, there were transient expressions of the rd22 gene during the same periods under both the growing conditions. Such acquired information in ABA-entrained plants produced a long-term sensitization. When the time of light application was changed, a transient induction of the rd22 gene in plants after ABA-entrainment indicated that these were light-associated responses. These transient effects were also observed in kin1, rab18, and rd29B. The transient expression of AtNCED3, causing the accumulation of endogenous ABA, indicated a possible regulation by ABA-dependent pathways in ABA-entrained plants. An ABA immunoassay supported this hypothesis: ABA-entrained plants showed a transient increase in endogenous ABA level from 220 to 250 pmol g-1 fresh mass at 1-2 h of the training period, whereas ABA-deficient (aba2) mutants did not. Taking into account these results, we propose that plants have the ability to memorize stressful environmental experiences, and discuss the molecular events in ABA-entrained plants.
The convolution back projection algorithm based on windows function (2005)

In this paper, some efficient image reconstruction algorithms in industrial computed tomography with the fan-beam projection based on windows function was discussed in detail. In order to improve the quality of image reconstruction, windows functions of image reconstruction of convolution back projection was proposed. The windows functions method ameliorates the process of image reconstruction. The efficiency of windows function is evaluated in contrast to that of its traditional serial counterpart. Experiment results clearly demonstrate that windows function can efficiently improve quality of images reconstruction.
Multiple Cation-Exchange Capacity Measurements on Standard Clays Using a Commercial Mechanical Extractor (1986)

Abstract Sequential cation-exchange capacity (CEC) measurements were obtained from standard clays using a mechanized, variable-rate leaching device. The device consists of a motorized screwjack and as many as 24 leaching tubes coupled to 60-ml plastic syringes. Controlled withdrawal of the syringe plungers produces a vacuum that permits samples in the leaching tubes to be extracted at a uniform rate. A single, 8-hr leaching of clays with 35 ml of salt solution was found to be comparable to multiple saturations or displacements using a centrifuge. CECs consistent with published values were obtained for reference 2:1 clay minerals using both acetate and chloride salts of Na, Ca, and Mg. Potassium-exchange capacities were also successfully measured following in situ thermal treatment of samples in the leaching tubes. Variations in measured CECs for kaolin-group minerals due to salt intercalation were minimized by using chloride rather than acetate salts and by washing with a dilute aqueous solution of the saturating cation following initial saturation. The mechanical extractor significantly reduced the effort required to perform conventional CEC determinations without sacrificing analytical precision.
Upgrading natural gas (1986)

The cryogenic rejection of nitrogen has been demonstrated to be a reliable and efficient technique for upgrading natural gas. There has been increasing interest in injection nitrogen-containing fluids into reservoirs for enhanced recovery. Despite current low energy prices which have depressed the gas market, there will be a long term need for upgrading associated gas, and a corresponding demand for cryogenic nitrogen rejection technology.
The clinical significance of autoantibodies to a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases. (1979)

Seventy-two patients were studied whose sera contained antibodies to a cytoplasmic antigen, RO. The majority had clinical features typical of systemic lupus erythematosus and there appeared to be an overlap with Sjögren's syndrome. Of interest is that certain patients with lupus respond predominantly to cytoplasmic antigens and in some cases were ANA negative. Demonstration of this system is important in enlarging the serologic spectrum characteristic of SLE patients, and also may be an important marker for systemic disease in patients with predominantly cutaneous involvement.
Terminal Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Biosynthesis of<i>Microtetraspora glauca</i> (1989)

The enzymes of the terminal steps of the phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis were partially purified and characterized in Microtetraspora glauca, a spore-forming member of the order Actinomycetales. This bacterium relies exclusively on the phenylpyruvate route for phenylalanine synthesis, no arogenate dehydratase activity being found. Prephenate dehydratase is subject to feedback inhibition by phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, each acting as competitive inhibitor by increasing the Km of 72 microM for prephenate. Based on the results of gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200, the molecular mass of about 110,000 Da is not altered by any of the effectors. The enzyme is quite sensitive to inhibition by 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Microtetraspora glauca can utilize arogenate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate as intermediates in tyrosine biosynthesis. Prephenate and arogenate dehydrogenase activities copurifying from ion exchange columns with coincident profiles were detected. From gel-filtration columns the two activities eluted at an identical molecular-mass position of about 68,000 Da. The existence of a single protein exhibiting substrate ambiguity is consistent with the findings, that both dehydrogenases have similar chromatographic properties, exhibit cofactor requirement for NAD and are inhibited to the same extent by tyrosine and 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate.
SMTP Service Extension for 8-bit MIME Transport (2011)

This memo defines an extension to the SMTP service whereby an SMTP
content body consisting of text containing octets outside of the US-
ASCII octet range (hex 00-7F) may be relayed using SMTP. [STANDARDS-
TRACK]
High-Valent Technetium Complexes with the [<sup>99</sup>TcO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> Core from in Situ Prepared Mixed Anhydrides of [<sup>99</sup>TcO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and Their Reactivities (2007)

The highly reactive mixed anhydrides [TcO3(OCOPh)] and [TcO3(OBF3)]- were synthesized by treatment of [TcO4]- with strong Lewis acids benzoyl chloride and BF3.OEt2. These mixed anhydrides, prepared in situ, were used as precursors for the synthesis of complexes containing the [TcO3]+ core. Subsequent reactions with bi- or tridentate ligands resulted in new complexes comprised of the [TcO3]+ core. As examples with bidentate ligands, the classical complexes [TcO3Cl(bipy)] (1) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [TcO3Cl(phen)] (2) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been prepared by this strategy and structurally characterized. The new compounds [TcO3(bpza)] (3) (bpza = di-1H-pyrazol-1-ylacetate), [TcO3(bpza*)] (4) (bpza* = bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate), [TcO3(tpzm*)]+ (6) (tpzm* = 1,1,1-methanetriyltris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole), and [ReO3(tpzm*)][ReO4] (7) are examples of complexes with tripod ligands. The complexes have been structurally characterized, and their 99Tc NMR spectra have been recorded. As a common feature, the X-ray structures show a distinct widening of the O-Tc-O angles, almost to a tetrahedral angle. With the perspective of radiopharmaceutical applications, water stability and reactivities toward alkenes are described.
A 2GHz Fully Differential DLL-Based Frequency Multiplier for High Speed Serial Link Circuit (2005)

This paper describes a fully differential DLL-based frequency multiplier using a noise-rejected voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL). In order to improve the power consumption and synthesized frequency range of the DLL-based frequency multiplier, we design an edge combiner using current mode logic to generate a fully differential output clock. This edge combiner consists of four stage fully differential current logic with XOR scheme. It can obtain the characteristic of high speed operation. Based on TSMC 0.18/spl mu/m 1P6M N-well CMOS process, the simulation results show that the DLL can operate from 360 to 550MHz. And, the frequency multiplier can synthesize frequency from 720MHz to 2.2GHz. The proposed frequency multiplier produces the 2/spl times/ and 4/spl times/ fully differential output clock frequency. The total power dissipation is only 38mW and the cycle-to-cycle jitter is less than 17ps.
A New MIC Magic-T Using Coupled Slot Lines (1980)

Novel microwave integrated circuit (MIC) 180/spl deg/ hybrids (magic-T's) suitable for MIC are described. They make use of the two orthogonal modes (even and odd) of the coupled slot lines, and, therefore, have special port location, which is quite different from that of the conventional 180/spl deg/ hybrids such as a rat-race. That is, the two-ports, which correspond to the E-arm and the H-arm of the well-known waveguide magic-T, can be located on the same side, opposite to the other two ports. This feature is of a great practical advantage when applied to an MIC, because the crossing of the transmission lines can be omitted when this type of magic-T is applied to balanced-type circuits such as balanced mixers. Satisfactory experimental results at a center frecuency of 6 GHz are given. The isolation between the E- and the H-ports is better than 30 dB over an octave band, and the frequency sensitivity of the coupling is almost flat in the frequency range from 2 to 10 GHz.
Blockchain Based Data Integrity Verification for Large-Scale IoT Data (2019)

Achieving data integrity verification for large-scale IoT data in cloud storage safely and efficiently has become one of the hot topics with further applications of Internet of Things. Traditional data integrity verification methods generally use encryption techniques to protect data in the cloud, relying on trusted Third Party Auditors (TPAs). Blockchain based data integrity schemes can successfully avoid the trust problem of TPAs, however, they have to face the problems of large computational and communication overhead. To address the issues above, we propose a Blockchain and Bilinear mapping based Data Integrity Scheme (BB-DIS) for large-scale IoT data. In our BB-DIS, IoT data is sliced into shards and homomorphic verifiable tags (HVTs) are generated for sampling verification. Data integrity can be achieved according to the characteristics of bilinear mapping in the form of blockchain transactions. Performance analysis of BB-DIS including feasibility, security, dynamicity and complexity is also discussed in detail. A prototype system of BB-DIS is then presented to illustrate how to implement our verification scheme. Experimental results based on Hyperledger Fabric demonstrate that the proposed verification scheme significantly improves the efficiency of integrity verification for large-scale IoT data with no need of TPAs.
Synthesis of New Diversely Linked Biquinoline Derivatives by Multicomponent Imino-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition and Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Cyclization (2009)

New and efficient routes for diversely linked 2,6′-, 2,7′-, 2,2′-, or 2,8′-biquinoline derivatives are reported. These routes are based on the powerful methodologies of imino-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5′‐Substituted 2′,5‐Bipyrimidines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cavity packages for volume MEMS applications (2012)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Some of the specific areas/topics discussed include: MEMS market; cavity package; LGA-FL; formed lid cavity packages; LGA-MC; molded cavity packages; LGA-ML; molded lid cavity packages; MEMS materials; process flow; cavity package modeling and cavity package reliability.
Drugs as Research Tools in Psychology: Cholinergic Drugs and Information Processing (1984)

It is argued that cholinergic drugs have an effect on both attentional and memory aspects of information processing. This thesis is supported by studies with anticholinesterases, cholinolytics, and nicotine.
Decentralized Bayesian detection with feedback (1996)

A decentralized detection system with feedback and memory using the Bayesian formulation is investigated. The optimization of this system results in a likelihood ratio test at the local detectors for statistically independent observations. In addition, local detector thresholds and the system probability of error are shown to be a function of the fed back global decision. The issue of data transmission between local detectors and the fusion center is addressed. Two protocols are proposed and studied to reduce data transmissions. Numerical examples are also presented for illustration.
Detection of small changes in airborne hyperspectral imagery: Experimental results over urban areas (2011)

In this work we investigate the problem of detecting small changes in images acquired by airborne sensors, using direct georeferencing from gyro data and GPS position. We intend to avoid the time consuming step of image registration, exploiting direct georeferencing cascaded with a robust change detection strategy that can properly manage the typical registration errors given by onboard instrumentation. We investigate the effectiveness of this approach in the urban scenarios, where we are interested in detecting changes induced by small objects. The experimental analysis conducted on real hyperspectral data with very high spatial resolution highlights the effectiveness of the proposed approach, resulting in a consistent improvement of both the capability of detecting changes and of suppressing the background.
Gabapentin use in neuropathic pain syndromes (2000)

The development of neuropathic pain involves a series of changes including primary and secondary hyperalgesia, peripheral and central sensitization, and wind-up phenomena. Neurotransmitters play a critical role in this process. For example, glutaminergic subtypes of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and neurokinin prime the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor by triggering the release of intracellular calcium ions, thus unblocking the magnesium ion plug on the NMDA receptor and allowing Ca2+ influx into the cell. Ca2+ ions acting as secondary messengers initiate protein kinase C activation, phospholipase C and nitric oxide synthetase production, and proto-oncogene expression. The activation of the NMDA receptor thereby increases the responsiveness of the nociceptive system. Anticonvulsant drugs--including carbamazepine, phenytoin, and felbamate--have been used to treat neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is a novel anticonvulsant that may have a unique effect on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel currents at postsynaptic dorsal horn neurons. Thus, gabapentin may interrupt an entire series of events, not just a single process, that lead to the development of neuropathic pain. Preclinical models of anti-inflammatory and neuropathic pain indicate that gabapentin effectively antagonizes the maintenance of this pain. Additionally, in preemptive surgical models, gabapentin has been shown to prevent the induction of pain. Gabapentin has been shown to be efficacious in numerous smaller clinical studies, case reports, and chart reviews in a variety of neuropathic pain syndromes. Two large multicenter studies, one in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and one in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), support preclinical findings. In the PHN study, patients treated with gabapentin demonstrated a significant difference (P<0.001) in their average daily pain score at endpoint compared to placebo patients. In the DPN trial, mean weekly pain was significantly (P<0.001) different for gabapentin-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients at endpoint. Consistent with the known side-effect profile of gabapentin, the most common adverse events noted in both studies were dizziness and somnolence. Gabapentin should be considered an important addition to the management of neuropathic pain syndromes.
Changes in Blood Glucose and Plasma Insulin after Intravenous Galactose in Human Injury (1979)

1. The increase in blood glucose after intravenous galactose was measured at 6--8 h and 14 days after hip replacement (14 patients) and accidental injury (14 patients). 2. After hip replacement there was a greater rise of glucose after galactose on the day of the operation than on recovery, despite basal hyperglycaemia. This earlier period was also associated with inappropriately low insulin concentrations for the prevailing glucose concentration, and hyperketonaemia (13 out 14 patients). 3. After accidental injury patients with initial hyperketonaemia (nine out of 14) also had a greater rise of blood glucose after galactose than on recovery and had relative insulin deficiency; in contrast those who were initially normoketonaemic (five out of 14) showed a rise in glucose comparable with that after recovery and basal insulin concentrations more appropriate to the existing glucose concentration. 4. It is concluded that in most subjects after injury hepatic glucose release after galactose administration is not suppressed despite hyperglycaemia.
Hybrid electro-optic modulator combining silicon photonic slot waveguides with high-k radio-frequency slotlines (2021)

Electro-optic (EO) modulators rely on the interaction of optical and electrical signals with second-order nonlinear media. For the optical signal, this interaction can be strongly enhanced using dielectric slot–waveguide structures that exploit a field discontinuity at the interface between a high-index waveguide core and the low-index EO cladding. In contrast to this, the electrical signal is usually applied through conductive regions in the direct vicinity of the optical waveguide. To avoid excessive optical loss, the conductivity of these regions is maintained at a moderate level, thus leading to inherent RC limitations of the modulation bandwidth. In this paper, we show that these limitations can be overcome by extending the slot–waveguide concept to the modulating radio-frequency (RF) signal. Our device combines an RF slotline that relies on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:msub><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> as a high-k dielectric material with a conventional silicon photonic slot waveguide and a highly efficient organic EO cladding material. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate a 1 mm long Mach–Zehnder modulator that offers a 3 dB bandwidth of 76 GHz and a 6 dB bandwidth of 110 GHz along with a small <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math> voltage of 1.3 V ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:msub><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> ). We further demonstrate the viability of the device in a data-transmission experiment using four-state pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) at line rates up to 200 Gbit/s. Our first-generation devices leave vast room for further improvement and may open an attractive route towards highly efficient silicon photonic modulators that combine sub-1 mm device lengths with sub-1 V drive voltages and modulation bandwidths of more than 100 GHz.
Utilizing user interface models for automated instantiation and execution of system tests (2011)

Scripts for automated system tests often contain technical knowledge about the user interface (UI). This makes test scripts brittle and hard to maintain which leads to high maintenance costs. As a consequence, automation of system tests is often abandoned.
A Facile Route to (±)-2-Arylpropanoic Acids (1986)

The two (±)-2-arylpropanoic acids ibuprofen and naproxen are conveniently prepared via conversion of methyl aryl ketones into the cyanohydrin acetates by reaction with cyanotrimethylsilane in the presence of zinc iodide or with chlorotrimethylsilane/ potassium cyanide followed by O-acetylation, deacetoxylation by catalytic hydrogenation, and alkaline hydrolysis of the cyano group.