gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid Apigenin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response through Multiple Mechanisms in Macrophages (2014)

Apigenin Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammatory Response through multiple mechanisms in macrophages. These results provided important scientific evidences for the potential application of apigenin as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
A 3.3-V 12-ns 16-Mb CMOS SRAM (1992)

A 16-Mb CMOS SRAM having an access time of 12 ns under a 3.3-V supply has been developed with a 0.4- mu m process technology. An address access time of 12 ns has been achieved by an optimized architecture, the use of an automated transistor size optimizer, and a read-bus midlevel preset scheme (RBMIPS). For better yield and efficient testing, an on-chip test circuit with three test modes has been implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphological and biochemical analyses on fibroblasts and self-produced collagens in a novel three-dimensional culture (1997)

The addition of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc 2-P), which is active and stable under a conventional culture condition, could render dermal fibroblasts to the organization of a dermis-like structure on a plastic dish without any prior treatment. The cell layer was composed of multilayered fibroblasts surrounded by dense extracellular matrices. Confocal microscopic examination disclosed that the fibroblasts in the upper layer were spindle-shaped and those in the lower layer were polygonal. Electron microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of mature collagen fibrils in the intercellular space. These morphological observations suggest that the cell layer may resemble the dermis-like structure. Biochemical analyses revealed that the hydroxyproline content of the cell layer increased in a time-dependent manner, while the monolayer culture system without. Asc 2-P yielded no measurable amount of hydroxyproline. On sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, neutral insoluble collagens extracted from the cell layer showed the identical electrophoretic pattern to those from the human dermis. In addition, these bands were completely digested by bacterial collagenase. This novel culture system could provide a simple tool with which to investigate the collagen metabolism by fibroblasts under more physiological conditions.
Identification of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin (2002)

We reported previously that Muc1 mucin on the epithelial cell surface is an adhesion site for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Lillehoj EP, Hyun SW, Kim BT, Zhang XG, Lee DI, Rowland S, and Kim KC. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 280: L181-L187, 2001). The present study was designed to identify the adhesin(s) responsible for bacterial binding to Muc1 mucin using genetic and biochemical approaches. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with a Muc1 cDNA (CHO-Muc1) or empty plasmid (CHO-X) were compared for adhesion of P. aeruginosa strain PAK. Our results showed that 1) wild-type PAK and isogenic mutant strains lacking pili (PAK/NP) or flagella cap protein (PAK/fliD) demonstrated significantly increased binding to CHO-Muc1 cells, whereas flagellin-deficient (PAK/fliC) bacteria were no more adherent to CHO-Muc1 than CHO-X cells, and 2) P. aeruginosa adhesion was blocked by pretreatment of bacteria with antibody to flagellin or pretreatment of CHO-Muc1 cells with purified flagellin. We conclude that flagellin is an adhesin of P. aeruginosa responsible for its binding to Muc1 mucin on the epithelial cell surface.
Effect of hindered piperidine light stabilizer molecular structure and UV‐absorber addition on the oxidation of HDPE. Part 1: Long‐term thermal and photo‐oxidation studies (2004)

Abstract This series of papers explores the effect of structural characteristics of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐based hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) on the long‐term (40 months) thermal (110°C in air) and photo‐stabilization (Microscal unit wavelength >300 nm) performance characteristics of high‐density polyethylene formulations. Possible synergism with a triazine functional UV absorber is also explored. Under thermal degradation (measured by carbonyl index) the polymeric HALS performed best, mainly because of reduced volatilization. Additionally, >N‐methyl HALS generally showed superior performance under thermal degradation. There was no synergism between an N‐CH 3 polymeric HALS and the UV1164 triazine additive. However, the equivalent N‐H polymeric HALS interacted in a complex manner with UV1164, giving synergism and antagonism, depending on HALS/UV1164 ratio. Strong synergism was evident with the monomeric HALS when the total stabilizer level was 0.2% w/w. Reduction in the overall stabilizer level to 0.05% w/w eliminated the synergism. The UV1164 alone led to rapid and intense yellowing; however, the rate and intensity of yellowing reduced dramatically upon combination with HALS, particularly when the UV1164 level was above 0.1% w/w. When the formulation was under UV attack, the molar mass and the type of N‐substitution had no influence on stabilization performance because of the relatively low temperature of testing (leading to reduced volatilization), and the similarly effective UV‐stabilization routes for N‐methyl HALS and N‐H HALS. Under UV attack, yellowing reached a maximum and then decreased to approximately the initial level, while HALS/UV1164 combinations generally showed weak antagonism. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 10:79–87, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Flavobacterium multivorum, a New Species Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens and Previously Known as Group IIk, Biotype 2 (1981)

Thirty-two gram-negative bacterial strains, most of which were yellow-pigmen ted and isolated from clinical sources, were compared with 17 culture collection strains representing 13 named strains of four Flavobacterium species and 4 unnamed strains of Flavobacterium species. Twenty-nine of the strains were originally received as or subsequently assigned to group IIk, biotype 2. All 49 strains were examined for 127 characteristics, including reactions to 58 enzyme tests (API ZYM system), and the data were analyzed by numerical taxonomic methods involving estimation of Gower’s general similarity coefficient and clustering by unweighted pair-group average linkage and single-linkage analyses. Twenty-eight of the group IIk, biotype 2, strains formed a single, well-defined cluster (92.0% similarity level). These 28 strains were aerobic, gram-negative, nonmotile, oxidative rods; the mean base composition of the deoxyribonucleic acids of 11 strains was 39.6 ±0.5 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Distinctive features of the 28 strains were the ability to produce acid from a range of carbohydrates and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. The 28 strains were classified in the genus Flavobacterium, but they could not be assigned to any previously defined species. Therefore a new species, with the name Flavobacterium multivorum, is proposed for these 28 strains; the type strain is B5533 (= NCTC 11343).
Severity and duration of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) before seeking care as predictors of healing time: A retrospective cohort study (2017)

Early detection and referral by both the patient and general practitioner are crucial for optimal foot ulcer healing. Ulcer grade and severity are also important predictors for healing time, and early screening to assess the severity and initiation of prompt treatment is important.
Choice of wound care in diabetic foot ulcer: A practical approach (2014)

Diabetic foot ulcers are the consequence of multiple factors including peripheral neuropathy, decreased blood supply, high plantar pressures, etc., and pose a significant risk for morbidity, limb loss and mortality. The critical aspects of the wound healing mechanism and host physiological status in patients with diabetes necessitate the selection of an appropriate treatment strategy based on the complexity and type of wound. In addition to systemic antibiotics and surgical intervention, wound care is considered to be an important component of diabetic foot ulcer management. This article will focus on the use of different wound care materials in diabetic foot. From a clinical perspective, it is important to decide on the wound care material depending on the type and grade of the ulcer. This article will also provide clinicians with a simple approach to the choice of wound care materials in diabetic foot ulcer.
Borophosphates—A Neglected Class of Compounds: Crystal Structures of M<sup><scp>II</scp></sup>[BPO<sub>5</sub>] (M<sup><scp>II</scp></sup> Ca, Sr) and Ba<sub>3</sub>[BP<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>] (1994)

Vertex‐sharing BO 4 and PO 4 tetrahedra form the framework of the title compounds. Ca[BPO 5 ] and Sr[BPO 5 ] crystallize in the stillwellite structural type and contain tetrahedral chain anions [BPO ], which can be described as loop‐branched “dreier” single chains. In Ba 3 [BP 3 O 12 ] the tetrahedral anions form “zweifach” open “vierer” single chains. Given these results and the known linking modes of tetrahedral units, it is expected that borophosphates with layered and framework structures, as well as microporous structures, can be found.
Electrochemical Growth of Nanosized Conducting Polymer Wires on Gold Using Molecular Templates (2000)

Conducting polymer nanowires and nanorings (see Figure) can be synthesized using the strategy described here—electrochemical growth on gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of well-separated thiolated cyclodextrins in an alkanethiol “forest”. Thiolated aniline monomer is anchored to the surface within the cyclodextrin cavity and forms an initiation point for polymer wire growth.
W-Band (75-110 GHz) Microstrip Components (1985)

Various microstrip components, including mixers, IMPATT oscillators, Gunn oscillators, doublers, circulators, and IMPATT amplifiers, have been developed at W-band with state-of-the-art performance. The use of microstrip drastically reduces fabrication costs due to the less stringent machining tolerance. The design and performance of these components will be reported.
Lead exposure in young children from dust and soil in the United Kingdom. (1990)

A survey of metals in United Kingdom dusts and soils has confirmed widespread lead contamination with a geometric mean value for lead in surface (0-5 cm) garden soils of 266 micrograms/g and in housedusts of 561 micrograms/g (excluding old mining areas). A subsequent detailed survey of 97 householders in Birmingham with 2-year-old children showed dust lead loading in the home environment to be an important predictor of blood lead concentrations in young children, when both variables fell within the normal range for the U.K. The total estimated lead uptake by the young child was 36 micrograms/day of which 1 microgram was by inhalation and 35 micrograms by ingestion.
Relative intensity noise reduction in InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well lasers with low nonlinear damping (1991)

The authors demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the relative intensity noise (RIN) of laser diodes can be dramatically reduced by decreasing nonlinear damping in the laser. Four types of InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers with different well widths, barrier widths, and numbers of wells were fabricated. By comparing these four types of devices, it is shown that MQW lasers with wider wells, narrower barriers, and larger numbers of wells have smaller nonlinear damping and lower RIN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolated Cardiac Muscle Performance during Fluorocarbon Immersion and Effects of Metabolic Blockade (1978)

The mechanical performance of isolated trabecular muscle preparations from the left ventricle of rats was evaluated while immersed in Krebs-Henseleit and fluorocar-bon solution under oxygenated conditions and during hypoxia and total metabolic blockade with combined hypoxia and iodoa-cetic acid 10-4M. Under oxygenated conditions, mechanical performance was relatively stable in both Krebs-Henseleit and fluorocar-bon solutions for 60 minutes. With glycolytic blockade, performance in both groups was relatively stable, although it was significantly increased in fluorocarbon solution in comparison to Krebs-Henseleit solution at 60 min (P < 0.01). With total metabolic blockade, mechanical performance fell to zero within 10 min in both Krebs-Henseleit and fluorocarbon solution. With hypoxia alone, mechanical performance declined more promptly and remained at lower levels in fluorocarbon solution than in Krebs-Henseleit solution (P < 0.001).
Direct Inverse Control using an Artificial Neural Network for the Autonomous Hover of a Helicopter (2014)

This paper presents the initial results of a research project which investigates the application of the Direct Inverse Control technique to the problem of the Autonomous Hover of a quadrotor UAV Helicopter. The goal of the project is to investigate the effectiveness of the Direct Inverse Control technique using an Artificial Neural Network to learn and then cancel out the Hover dynamics of the quadrotor UAV Helicopter under various environmental conditions during a hover mode. The project is to evaluate how robust the control technique is to uncertainty and change in nonlinear dynamics.
Characterizing non-Gaussian clutter and detecting weak gaseous plumes in hyperspectral imagery (2005)

To detect weak signals on cluttered backgrounds in high dimensional spaces (such as gaseous plumes in hyperspectral imagery) without excessive false alarms requires that the background clutter be effectively characterized. If the clutter is Gaussian, the well-known linear matched filter optimizes the sensitivity to a given plume signal while suppressing the effect of the background clutter. In practice, the background clutter is rarely Gaussian. Here we illustrate non-linear corrections to the matched filter that are optimal for two non-Gaussian clutter models and we report on parametric and nonparametric characterizations of background clutter.
Conditional fuzzy clustering in the design of radial basis function neural networks (1998)

This paper is concerned with the use of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks aimed at an approximation of nonlinear mappings from R(n) to R. The study is devoted to the design of these networks, especially their layer composed of RBF's, using the techniques of fuzzy clustering. Proposed is an idea of conditional clustering whose main objective is to develop clusters (receptive fields) preserving homogeneity of the clustered patterns with regard to their similarity in the input space as well as their respective values assumed in the output space. The detailed clustering algorithm is accompanied by extensive simulation studies.
Kennfelder in der Regelungstechnik (1995)

Input-output maps are applied in the field of automatic control in multiple ways. An overview of these different classes of applications is given, independently of whether the input-output map is implemented as a neural network, as a fuzzy controller, or is realized in a conventional manner.
Feature-based modelling approaches for integrated manufacturing: state-of-the-art survey and future research directions (1995)

Abstract Features capture the engineering significance of a part model and serve as an important support tool for integrated manufacturing. Feature-based design systems typically act as 'interpreters' between the CAD and the CAM activities. These systems can be classified broadly into human-assisted feature definition systems, automatic feature recognition systems and design by features systems. Researchers have come to realize that the best system architecture for a feature-based system would be a blend of the above-mentioned approaches. This paper reviews the major developments in the field of feature-based modelling with particular emphasis on automatic feature recognition systems. The approaches used for automatic feature recognition systems are systematically categorized and discussed. Automated feature recognition systems are broadly categorized into volume feature recognition systems and surface feature recognition systems, and the published research in each of these categories is critically discussed. The issues of feature relations and feature interactions (a subproblem of feature relations) are outlined. The future directions of research for developing feature-based design systems from a hybrid perspective (automatic feature recognition and design by features approach) are also presented.
Delay-locked loop based frequency quadrupler with wide operating range and fast locking characteristics (2016)

A wide operating range and fast locking delay-locked loop (DLL) based frequency quadrupler that includes an eight-phase-clock generator and an edge combiner is proposed. The eight-phase-clock generator is composed of a coarse-code generator, a fine-code generator and a digital controlled delay line, which uses four differential delay units to generate equally spaced eight-phase clocks. The coarse-code generator adopts a time-to-digital scheme to achieve short locking time and wide operating range. A fine-code digital-to-analog converter in the fine-code generator converts the fine codes to analog voltage for high precision. Moreover, the novel edge-combiner circuit combines the eight-phase clocks to x4 frequency output with 50% duty cycle ratio. Experimental results in a 65-nm CMOS process show this frequency multiplier can cover a frequency range from 320 MHz to 2.4 GHz and cost 5~40 cycles to finish locking.
Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Cyclosporine A in Renal Allograft Recipients Shows a Quantitative Relationship Between Immunosuppression and the Occurrence of Recurrent Infections and Malignancies (2006)

The data presented here reveal a clear relation between the frequency of infectious and malignant complications and the degree of suppression of NFAT-regulated genes by CsA in transplanted patients. Therefore, pharmacodynamic monitoring of CsA efficacy in transplanted patients might be a useful tool to adjust immunosuppressive therapy in individual patients.
문학,문화 : 지노비요프의 호모 소비에티쿠스논(論) 읽기 (2010)

This research examines the concept of ``homo sovieticus by reviewing the sociological essay novel homo sovieticus written by Zinoviev who was one of the well-known dissident in Soviet Union period, and attempts to have critical understanding of the concept. It is an interesting research topic that current Russia and Russians who get through the historical layers from Soviet to post-Soviet regime at the time current trend that allows to have various academic discussions of post-Soviet. It is required to examine the past of Russia and Russian to make precise estimation of their current and future. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the term of ``homo sovieticus which is conventionally accepted. This research aims at broad comprehension of homo-sovieticus by focusing on the Zinoviev`s own understanding instead of the habitual use of the term which only contains ideological and political intention.
Tumor Hypoxia Has Independent Predictor Impact Only in Patients With Node-Negative Cervix Cancer (2002)

PURPOSE: This prospective clinical study was begun in 1994 to validate the independent prognostic impact of tumor hypoxia in patients with cervix cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 1994 and January 1999, 106 eligible patients with epithelial cervix cancer had tumor oxygen pressure (PO 2 ) measured using the Eppendorf probe. Oxygenation data are presented as the hypoxic proportion, defined as the percentage of PO 2 readings less than 5 mm/Hg (abbreviated as HP 5 ) and the median PO 2 . RESULTS: The median HP 5 in individual patients was 48%, and the median PO 2 was HP 5 . Progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with hypoxic tumors (HP 5 > 50%) was 37% at 3 years versus 67% in those patients with better oxygenated tumors (P = .004). In multivariate analysis, only tumor size (risk ratio [RR], 1.33; P = .0003) and evidence of pelvic nodal metastases on imaging studies (RR, 2.52; P = .0065) were predictive of PFS. However, an interaction between nodal status and oxygenation was observed (P = .006), and further analysis indicated that HP 5 was an independent predictor of outcome in patients with negative nodes on imaging (P = .007). There was a significant increase in the 3-year cumulative incidence of distant metastases in the hypoxic group (41% v 15% in those with HP 5 < 50%; P = .0023), but not in pelvic relapse (37% v 27%; P = .12). CONCLUSION: Tumor hypoxia is an independent predictor of poor PFS only in patients with node-negative cervix cancer, in addition to tumor size. Its impact appears to be related to an increased risk of distant metastases rather than to an effect on pelvic control.
Increase in the adhesion molecule P-selectin in endothelium overlying atherosclerotic plaques. Coexpression with intercellular adhesion molecule-1. (1994)

P-selectin (GMP-140) is an adhesion molecule present within endothelial cells that is rapidly translocated to the cell membrane upon activation, where it mediates endothelial-leukocyte interactions. Immunohistochemical analysis of human atherosclerotic plaques has shown strong expression of P-selectin by the endothelium overlying active atherosclerotic plaques. P-selectin is not, however, detected in normal arterial endothelium or in endothelium overlying inactive fibrous plaques. Color image analysis was used to quantitate the degree of P-selectin expression in the endothelium and demonstrates a statistically significant increase in P-selectin expression by atherosclerotic endothelial cells. Double immunofluorescence shows that some of this P-selectin is expressed on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells. Previous work has demonstrated a significant up-regulation in the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic endothelium and a study on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin in atherosclerosis shows a highly positive correlation. These results suggest that the selective and cooperative expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into sites of atherosclerosis.
Microinjection of Anti-coilin Antibodies Affects the Structure of Coiled Bodies (1998)

The coiled body is a distinct subnuclear domain enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) involved in processing of pre-mRNA. Although the function of the coiled body is still unknown, current models propose that it may have a role in snRNP biogenesis, transport, or recycling. Here we describe that anti-coilin antibodies promote a specific disappearance of the coiled body in living human cells, thus providing a novel tool for the functional analysis of this structure. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against recombinant human coilin, the major structural protein of the coiled body. Four mAbs are shown to induce a progressive disappearance of coiled bodies within approximately 6 h after microinjection into the nucleus of HeLa cells. After their disappearance, coiled bodies are not seen to re-form, although injected cells remain viable for at least 3 d. Epitope mapping reveals that the mAbs recognize distinct amino acid motifs scattered along the complete coilin sequence. By 24 and 48 h after injection of antibodies that promote coiled body disappearance, splicing snRNPs are normally distributed in the nucleoplasm, the nucleolus remains unaffected, and the cell cycle progresses normally. Furthermore, cells devoid of coiled bodies for approximately 24 h maintain the ability to splice both adenoviral pre-mRNAs and transiently overexpressed human beta-globin transcripts. In conclusion, within the time range of this study, no major nuclear abnormalities are detected after coiled body disappearance.