gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic methods. 25. Titanium tetrachloride-catalyzed addition of hydrazoic acid to aldehydes and ketones. Thermolysis and photolysis of .alpha.-azido ethers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic methods. 25. Titanium tetrachloride-catalyzed addition of hydrazoic acid to aldehydes and ketones. Thermolysis and photolysis of .alpha.-azido ethersAlfred Hassner, Richard Fibiger, and Ananda S. AmarasekaraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1, 22–27Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00236a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00236a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views710Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate for primary nodular basal cell carcinoma: results of two randomized studies (2009)

Although longer follow-up studies are required, these promising data indicate the potential of topical MAL PDT as a noninvasive treatment alternative for nodular BCC.
S(+)-ketamine Effect on Experimental Pain and Cardiac Output (2009)

S(+)-ketamine displays clinically relevant sex differences in its pharmacokinetics. It is a potent analgesic at already low plasma concentrations, but it is associated with intense side effects.
An Approach to Formally Modeling the Component-based E-commerce System (2005)

Component based development technique is often used to develop various complex software systems, especially in e-commerce system, due to its flexibility and efficiency. But such a system must provide a mechanism with which developers can easily manipulate the underlying structures to meet the application requirements, in particular in the real time and safety properties. This paper proposes a new method for formally modeling the component based e-commerce system using hierarchical timed automata, which use hierarchical structures to organize the design schemes in different levels of an e-commerce system. In addition, we analyze the modeling process of a micropayment system as a case. Compared with previous works, our approach can formally model the e-commerce system in a hierarchical and uniform framework.
Electronic states of PbS (1986)

Relativistic configuration interaction calculations of six ω–ω states [0+, 1, 0−, 0−(II), 0+(II), 0+(III)] and six λ–s states (1∑+, 3∑+, 3Π, 1Π, 3∑−, and 1∑−) are carried out. These calculations enable assignment of the observed X, a, A, B, and C states. The nature of these states as well as other states which are yet to be observed is discussed. The properties of low-lying electronic states of PbS are compared with those of PbO. The dissociation energy of the ground state of PbS is calculated to be 3.83 eV.
Theater for Development and TV Nation: Notes on an Educational Soap Opera in South Africa (1999)

"South Africa—a world in one country." This sunny slogan of the South African Tourist Board is also a sober reminder that post-apartheid—or, more accurately, post-anti-apartheid—South Africa contains within its borders at least two worlds. Development and underdevelopment or, in the current global vernacular, North and South, are separated not only by residual racial boundaries but also by physical as well as socioeconomic barriers between rich and poor, especially in Johannesburg, Africa's wealthiest city. Due in part to these barriers, North and South collide perhaps more vividly in the national media, especially on television, than they do on the streets. On television, which reaches the urban half and some peri-urban parts of the population, sounds and images of global consumer culture (in the format of commercials as well as narrative fiction) interrupt, literally and figuratively, the documentary representation of national history or daily life. 1 Fictional series, especially American soap operas, score generally higher ratings than local documentaries, but the latter have usually received more attention from policy-makers, producers, and critics. 2 This is the case in part because documentaries, especially histories of the struggle such as Ulibambe Lingashoni (Hold up the [setting] sun, 1994), a quasi-official history of the African National Congress (ANC), liberation movement turned governing party after the historic election in April 1994, invoke the moral authority of the theater, film, and video of the anti-apartheid years, and in part because they currently help to fulfil the mandate not merely for local content, but, in the language of the 1997 Green Paper on Broadcasting, for the larger goal of "nation-building" through a "broadcasting system [that is] relevant, accessible, diverse, and responsive to the communication needs of the country" (DPTB Green Paper ch.1).
Dual Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRIs) for Depression (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Venlafaxine Synthesis of Milnacipran Synthesis of Duloxetine References
Design of LDPC Coded BICM in DVB Broadcasting Systems With Block Permutations (2015)

A new simplified structure of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) for second generation digital video broadcasting (DVB) standards, such as DVB-T2, DVB-C2, and DVB-NGH is proposed. In the BICM of the DVB standards, parity and column-twist interleavers are employed in order to avoid possible performance degradation due to the structural weaknesses of the BICM scheme. In this paper, a new method is proposed of finding permutation-equivalent low-density parity-check codes that eliminate the BICM weaknesses without the column-twist interleaver, thereby simplifying the BICM structure of the DVB standards. The new code descriptions are found by applying a column permutation to the parity check matrices of the original codes in the DVB standards. The codes generated by these new descriptions have the same error correcting capability individually for a binary memoryless channel. However, the resulting BICM has a different structure that is free of weakness, called the less-capable check node.
Transfer entropy—a model-free measure of effective connectivity for the neurosciences (2010)

Understanding causal relationships, or effective connectivity, between parts of the brain is of utmost importance because a large part of the brain's activity is thought to be internally generated and, hence, quantifying stimulus response relationships alone does not fully describe brain dynamics. Past efforts to determine effective connectivity mostly relied on model based approaches such as Granger causality or dynamic causal modeling. Transfer entropy (TE) is an alternative measure of effective connectivity based on information theory. TE does not require a model of the interaction and is inherently non-linear. We investigated the applicability of TE as a metric in a test for effective connectivity to electrophysiological data based on simulations and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in a simple motor task. In particular, we demonstrate that TE improved the detectability of effective connectivity for non-linear interactions, and for sensor level MEG signals where linear methods are hampered by signal-cross-talk due to volume conduction.
Tunable MEMS Fabry-Pérot filters for infrared microspectrometers: a review (2016)

Many application fields of infrared spectroscopy require small, robust and transportable spectrometers, which are considerable less costly than existing products. Therefore microspectrometer technologies are rapidly emerging and many research groups spend effort on this. Compared to other kinds of devices, micromachined tunable Fabry-Pérot filters are best suited in terms of miniaturization and optical throughput. This paper gives a review of μFP filters for infrared spectroscopy. Different approaches from several groups are compared. Optical performance parameters like wavelength tuning range, spectral resolution and aperture size as well as complexity of fabrication and costs are discussed.
Cytosolic expression, solution structures, and molecular dynamics simulation of genetically encodable disulfide‐rich <i>de novo</i> designed peptides (2018)

Disulfide-rich peptides represent an important protein family with broad pharmacological potential. Recent advances in computational methods have made it possible to design new peptides which adopt a stable conformation de novo. Here, we describe a system to produce disulfide-rich de novo peptides using Escherichia coli as the expression host. The advantage of this system is that it enables production of uniformly <sup>13</sup> C- and <sup>15</sup> N-labeled peptides for solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. This expression system was used to isotopically label two previously reported de novo designed peptides, and to determine their solution structures using NMR. The ensemble of NMR structures calculated for both peptides agreed well with the design models, further confirming the accuracy of the design protocol. Collection of NMR data on the peptides under reducing conditions revealed a dependency on disulfide bonds to maintain stability. Furthermore, we performed long-time molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with tempering to assess the stability of two families of de novo designed peptides. Initial designs which exhibited a stable structure during simulations were more likely to adopt a stable structure in vitro, but attempts to utilize this method to redesign unstable peptides to fold into a stable state were unsuccessful. Further work is therefore needed to assess the utility of MD simulation techniques for de novo protein design.
Processing IoT Data (2018)

This chapter describes how traditionally, Cloud Computing has been used for processing Internet of Things (IoT) data. This works fine for the analytical and batch processing jobs. But most of the IoT applications demand real-time response which cannot be achieved through Cloud Computing mainly because of inherent latency. Fog Computing solves this problem by offering cloud-like services at the edge of the network. The computationally powerful edge devices have enabled realising this idea. Witnessing the exponential rise of IoT applications, Fog Computing deserves an in-depth exploration. This chapter establishes the need for Fog Computing for processing IoT data. Readers will be able to gain a fair comprehension of the various aspects of Fog Computing. The benefits, challenges and applications of Fog Computing with respect to IoT have been mentioned elaboratively. An architecture for IoT data processing is presented. A thorough comparison between Cloud and Fog has been portrayed. Also, a detailed discussion has been depicted on how the IoT, Fog, and Cloud interact among them.
Epigenetic Regulation of Glucose Transporter 4 by Estrogen Receptor β (2011)

Glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) is an important regulator of cellular glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) have been shown to regulate Glut4. However, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear, and there are conflicting results about the effects of the two ER isoforms on Glut4 activity. In this study we investigated how the lack of either ER isoform affects Glut4 expression in differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate that Glut4 transcription is markedly reduced in cells lacking ERβ, both basally and upon induction by liver X receptor. These changes in Glut4 expression could not be explained by the lack of ERβ as ligand-activated transcription factor. They were rather brought about by hypermethylation of one single CpG in the Glut4 promoter in the ERβ-deficient cells. This CpG is part of an Sp1-binding site, and Sp1 binding was reduced by its methylation. Treatment with Sp1 inhibitor diminished Glut4 expression in wild-type, but not in ERβ-deficient cells, suggesting that reduced recruitment of Sp1 to the Glut4 promoter is responsible for the differences in Glut4 expression. Reintroduction of ERβ into ERβ-deficient cells partly restored Glut4 transcription and stabilized low DNA methylation after treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Our findings demonstrate the involvement of DNA methylation in Glut4 regulation and imply a novel function for ERβ in mediating epigenetic events and thereby regulating gene expression.
Recent applications of FT-IR spectroscopy to polymer systems (1978)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has recently become an important analytical method for investigation of many polymer systems. Several new methods, concerned primarily with digital subtraction of absorbance spectra, are presented. Applications of the method to synthetic polymer research include conformational and configurational analyses, elucidation of degradation mechanisms, and interactions with filler surfaces. Many researchers in the biopolymer and medical fields have utilized the sensitivity and digital data processing capabilities of FT-IR to obtain information inaccessible by other methods.
Quantification of α-polylysine: a comparison of four UV/Vis spectrophotometric methods (2010)

Four UV/Vis spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of α-polylysine (α-PL) are described and discussed. The methods are based on different chemical reactivities of α-PL allowing the indirect determination of α-PL concentrations in aqueous solutions down to 1–2 µg mL−1. The four methods are the trypan blue (TB) assay, the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) assay, the ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) assay and the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. The TB assay is based on the polycationic character of α-PL in acidic aqueous solutions, in which the non-covalent binding with the oligoanionic dye TB leads to a precipitation of the dye and a concomitant decrease in the intensity of the blue color of the solution. Both the TNBS and the OPA assay utilize the nucleophilicity of the amino groups in alkaline solutions resulting in trinitrophenylated amino groups and isoindole derivatives, respectively. Finally, in the BCA assay the reductive properties of the peptide bonds are used to reduce copper(II) to copper(I) which eventually forms a stable, purple 1 : 2 complex with bicinchoninic acid. For each method, mechanistic aspects are discussed and detailed experimental protocols are provided. With respect to the level of minimum quantification the TB and the OPA assays are best.
Topology-Controlled Relaxation Dynamics of Single Branched Polymers (2015)

In this work, we report the synthesis and direct observation of branched DNA polymers using single molecule techniques. Polymer topology plays a major role in determining the properties of advanced materials, yet understanding the dynamics of these complex macromolecules has been challenging. Here, we study the conformational relaxation dynamics of single surface-tethered comb polymers from high stretch in a microfluidic device. Our results show that the molecular topology of individual branched polymers plays a direct role on the relaxation dynamics of polymers with complex architectures. Macromolecular DNA combs are first synthesized using a hybrid enzymatic-synthetic approach, wherein chemically modified DNA branches and DNA backbones are generated in separate polymerase chain reactions, followed by a "graft-onto" reaction via strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition. This method allows for the synthesis of branched polymers with nearly monodisperse backbone and branch molecular weights. Single molecule fluorescence microscopy is then used to directly visualize branched polymers, such that the backbone and side branches can be tracked independently using single- or dual-color fluorescence labeling. Using this approach, we characterize the molecular properties of branched polymers, including apparent contour length and branch grafting distributions. Finally, we study the relaxation dynamics of single comb polymers from high stretch following the cessation of fluid flow, and we find that polymer relaxation depends on branch grafting density and position of branch point along the main chain backbone. Overall, this work effectively extends single polymer dynamics to branched polymers, which allows for dynamic, molecular-scale observation of polymers with complex topologies.
An Analysis of Multilevel Checkpoint Performance Models (2018)

Periodic application checkpointing to a parallel file system has for years been the standard strategy for providing high performance computing (HPC) systems with resilience to system failures. The traditional checkpoint/restart protocol has until recently proved sufficient for mitigating the impact of these failures on application performance. However, as system sizes approach exascale levels, the frequency of failures and the time required to checkpoint/restart an exascale-size application increases and the efficiency of traditional checkpointing decreases substantially, making it no longer a viable option for providing resilience to future HPC systems. The most frequently proposed solution for providing future systems with resilience has been to design multilevel checkpointing protocols. However, the relationship between system failure rates, checkpoint/restart overhead, and duration of time between successive checkpoints is complex and finding the optimal duration of time between successive checkpoints is an open and challenging problem. This work presents a novel execution time prediction model we have developed that takes into consideration execution events that have not been considered by previous multilevel checkpointing models. We show how this model can be used to select checkpoint intervals and demonstrate why consideration of these execution events is important. We validate our work through simulation and provide a comparison to several optimization strategies proposed in other work to demonstrate the advantage gained by considering these execution events.
Preparation of 1,4-dicarboxycubane (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 1,4-dicarboxycubaneLeon M. Stock and Tien-Yau LuhCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 2, 338–339Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00967a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel, Spongelike Ruthenium Particles of Controllable Size Stabilized Only by Organic Solvents (1999)

Soluble ruthenium nanoparticles of uniform size (see picture) with a porous spongelike structure were obtained by the reaction of [Ru(C(8)H(10))(C(8)H(12))] with H(2) in methanol or THF/methanol. The particle size can be controlled in the range 15-100 nm by varying the MeOH/THF ratio. The particles catalyze benzene hydrogenation without modification of their size or structure. Their formation is proposed to occur in the droplets of a nanosized emulsion, which act as nanoreactors.
Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Adaptations of the Reptilian Alimentary Canal to Their Food Habits: II-Chamaeleon africanus. (2014)

2 Abstract: The present study, which is a part of a series of comparative studies, aims to find out how the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of the gut are related to the type of food. The anatomy, histology and histochemical of the alimentary canal of Chamaeleon africanus, a purely insectivorous reptile, was studied. The oesophagus of Chamaeleon africanus was a comparatively short tube. It contains oesophageal glands and is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells. The morphological limit between the oesophagus and stomach of Chamaeleon is accompanied by histological differences. The stomach contains mucous glands. The gastric mucosa is composed of simple columnar cells and many tubular glands. The small intestine is comparatively short and is not differentiated externally into duodenum and ileum. The duodenal mucosa is in the form of villi which unite forming a reticulum. The ileum opens into a short and wide rectum. The large intestine can be differentiated into a colon and a rectum. The lining of the large intestine was goblet and columnar absorptive cells. The rectum is provided with a small caecum as digestion takes place quickly by the strong digestive enzymes. Acid and natural mucopolysaccharides were detected in the gut mucosa. PAS positive matter is found in the entire alimentary tract. Proteins and nucleic acid is observed in the different regions of the alimentary canal.
Up-conversion of subpicosecond light pulses (1982)

Harmonic generation and frequency mixing in nonlinear media pumped by subpicosecond pulses are studied. The propagation and interaction of subpicosecond pulses in a dispersive medium is influenced by group velocity "walk through" and spreading of the light pulses. The amplitude and spectrum of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> th harmonic are calculated taking into account both the group velocity and group velocity dispersion. Conditions for group velocity matching in crystals and mixtures of metal vapors and gases are considered, together with their relation to the phase velocity matching. An example of using four-wave mixing to generate ultrashort pulses with tunable duration over a wide range by proper group velocity matching is discussed.