gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The kinetics and mechanism of the acid-catalyzed isomerization of cis-stilbene (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe kinetics and mechanism of the acid-catalyzed isomerization of cis-stilbeneDonald S. Noyce, Donald R. Hartter, and Frank B. MilesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 17, 4633–4637Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01019a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01019a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Signal transduction pathways of angiotensin II--induced c-fos gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Roles of phospholipid-derived second messengers. (1993)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes a rapid induction of immediate-early genes and hypertrophy in the cardiac myocyte. However, the signaling mechanism of Ang II-induced immediate-early gene expression in cardiac myocytes has not been characterized. Therefore, we examined signal transduction of Ang II in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, using c-fos gene expression as a model system. Transient transfection of c-fos reporter gene constructs indicated that the serum response element is not only required but also sufficient for Ang II-induced activation of the c-fos promoter. Ang II is known to cause an increase in [Ca2+]i. We found that Ang II also causes a small increase in cAMP in cardiac myocytes. However, the Ca2+/cAMP response element of the c-fos gene was not sufficient to confer Ang II responsiveness to the c-fos promoter, and inhibitors of protein kinase A had no effects on Ang II-induced c-fos expression. On the other hand, chelating intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM inhibited Ang II-induced c-fos expression in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that Ca2+ is required for Ang II-induced signaling. Measurements of phospholipid-derived second messengers revealed that Ang II increased production of inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acids, resulting in a sustained increase in protein kinase C activity. This and other evidence suggest that Ang II activates phospholipase C, phospholipase D, and possibly phospholipase A2. All of these second-messenger systems are activated through the AT1 receptor. Pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C or downregulation of protein kinase C significantly suppressed Ang II-induced c-fos expression. In conclusion, Ang II activates multiple phospholipid-derived second-messenger systems via the AT1 receptor in cardiac myocytes. Among these second-messenger systems, phospholipase C and protein kinase C seem essential for Ang II-induced c-fos gene expression, whereas Ca2+ may play a permissive role. Finally, the "Ang II response element" of the c-fos gene maps to the protein kinase C-dependent portion of the serum response element.
Selective Anodic Fluorination of Heterocyclic Compounds (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterisation of M(pdc)·3H2O (pdc=2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate); M=Co, Ni, CoxNiy (x=0.4–0.6, y=0.6–0.4) (1998)

M. John Plater, M. R. St. J. Foreman, R. Alan Howie and E. E. Lachowski, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1998, 754 DOI: 10.1039/A806573J
Genetic interaction among three genomic regions creates distinct contributions to early- and late-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2005)

There are two peaks in the distribution of the age of onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)--the first in early childhood and the second at the time of puberty. Although T1DM results from the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors, it has not been established which factors contribute to the bimodal distribution. The genetic component of T1DM is in large part related to genes from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex (IDDM1); however, loci from the variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) region of the insulin (INS) gene (IDDM2) and more recently, the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 region (CTLA4, IDDM12) have also been implicated. Therefore, we examined the potential interaction between these loci through the influence of the age of onset of T1DM in diabetic and control Caucasian individuals. We discovered that younger individuals with HLA-DRB1*0301/DRB1*04 and INS I/I genotypes exhibited increased susceptibility to T1DM, whereas the interaction of INS I/I and CTLA4 G/G genotypes was more common in older children with T1DM. Combining the age of onset of T1DM with specific genotypes may operate to produce a single disease through different underlying causes.
Thermal Nitridation of SiO2 Thin Films on Si at 1150°C (1988)

Thermally grown silicon dioxide thin films on silicon were nitrided in 1 atm at 1150°C for various times between 10 and 240 min. The films were between 12 and 163 nm thick. Chemical kinetics severely limited the incorporation of nitrogen into the film; only the thinnest films nitrided for times longer than 90 min attained a nitrogen content near 40 atomic percent nitrogen. Secondary ion mass spectrometry indicated that nitridation either lowered or maintained the average hydrogen concentration in the film. Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that nitridation removed silanol groups from a film which had been grown in wet oxygen. In certain films, over 99% of the nitrogen in the film was incorporated into the tetrahedral network; less than 1% of all nitrogen in the film existed as silamine groups. Nitridation increased (i) the 1 MHz dielectric constant and (ii) the electron‐trapping ability of a film; these two properties were correlated to replacement of nitrogen for oxygen in the film bulk. Creation of a nitrogen‐rich layer at the Si/film interface after 10 min of nitridation was correlated to an increase in fixed insulator charge density, . At nitridation times of 30 min and longer, the silicon substrate was reoxidized by water released by the nitridation of the film near the interface. Reoxidation of the silicon steadily lowered .
[Penetration and side effects of local estrogen application in alopecia androgenetica]. (1975)

In 30 male patients aged 17-37 with definite androgenetic ("male pattern") alopecia (AA, telogen hair rate greater than 20%) the total urinary estrogen level was estimated before and after topical treatment: In 18 patients estrogen in a alcoholic vehicle (0.05% dienestroldiacetate) was daily applied on the scalp skin; whereas 12 patients were treated with a corresponding preparation without estrogen and served as controls. Before treatment the average estrogen level of all patients with AA was 23.3 mum/24 hrs (individual data ranged from 9.4-45.6 mum/24 hrs) and was thus slightly elevated but still within the normal range. 3 and 6 months after treatment no significant differences of the urinary estrogen level were found between the controlled patients of the two groups and, similarly, no clinical side-effects of the estrogen application (gynecomasty etc.) were recorded. It seems, on the basis of this study, that a long-term topical treatment with estrogen does not involve considerable risks regarding side-effects on male adults, in contrast to children and youngsters. On the assumption that estrogen may be effective in AA, a local mechanism of action on the hair follicle is considered.
Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes (2013)

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-β. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 °C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.
Offset DPSK with differential phase detector in satellite mobile channel with narrow-band receiver filter (1989)

An expression is derived for the error probability of M-ary offset differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) with the differential phase detector and narrowband receiver filter in the satellite mobile (Rician) channel, which includes as special cases the Gaussian and land mobile (Rayleigh) channels. The error probability is computed as a function of various system parameters for M=2, 4, and 8 symbols and third-order Butterworth receiver filter. Both symmetric and conventional DPSK systems are considered. The optimal normalized bandwidth is close to 1.0. Symmetric and conventional DPSK differ significantly in error probability only for M=2 and in the lower range filter bandwidth. In most cases, symmetric DPSK outperforms conventional DPSK. This was particularly noted when the time delay between the specular and diffused signal components was taken into account.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3tudy on Lightning Protection Technology of Large Recreation Facility (2014)

Due to its large and metallic structure,large recreation facility is easy to be struck by lightning. Meanwhile,the lightning strike consequences are serious,including threat to the life and property safety of tourists,great impact on society and bad effect on the development of tourism. As a result,lightning protection of recreation facility is particularly important. Taking the Ferris wheel of Zijin Park as an example,its lightning risk and structural characteristics were analyzed to make reasonable solving scheme. Through the study about lightning risks of recreational facilities with different structures and geographical positions,the lightning protection differences between recreational facilities and the general lightning protection scheme were summarized.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of 3‐ and 5‐Pyrazolylacetates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Perspectives on the Microvasculature of the Islets of Langerhans in the Rat (1982)

The vasculature of the islets of Langerhans was studied in rats using methacrylate corrosion casts and islet reconstructions from stained serial paraffin sections. In corrosion casts, which allowed a three-dimensional view of the pancreatic vasculature, all islets had one or two afferent arterioles, which gave off numerous capillaries to form a glomerular-like network. Islets could be grouped in three classes on the basis of size. Moreover, these classes had preferential locations within the vascular tree: the smaller the islet, the more peripheral. In small islets (those less than 160 micrometers in diameter) efferent capillaries arose from this network and either coalesced at the periphery of the islet or passed through perinsular exocrine tissue before coalescing into venules. However, in intermediate islets (those 160--260 micrometers in diameter) and large islets (those greater than 260 micrometers in diameter) efferent capillaries usually coalesced at the edge of the islet forming an extensive fingerlike network of collecting venules over the islet. This suggested that at least in the rat a large amount of the islet tissue is directly drained by venules. In serial paraffin sections of islets perfused with India ink and stained alternately for B-cells or for non-B-cells, the relation of the blood vessels and the organized array of different cell types making up the islet was discernible. In islets of all sizes, the afferent arterioles entered the islet of all sizes, the afferent arterioles entered the islet at discontinuities of the mantle of non-B-(glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide) cells. Entering at the B-cell mass, the arterioles broke into capillaries that traversed the B-cell core before passing through the opposite non-B-cell mantle. The afferent capillaries coalesced into collecting venules outside the islet. In intermediate and large islets, the overlying collecting venule network was closely apposed to the mantle. These anatomic findings indicate that in the rat islet only some of the efferent vessels are part of a insuloacinar portal system and that the afferent vessels reach the B-cell core without passing through the non-B-cell islet tissue.
Broadband 2 × 2 lithium niobate electro-optic switch based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with counter-tapered directional couplers (2017)

We demonstrate a broadband 2×2 electro-optic switch based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with counter-tapered directional couplers (DCs). The counter-tapered DC is introduced here to replace the conventional one formed with uniform waveguides so that a splitting ratio of 50%∶50% is much easier to be realized over a wide wavelength range and, hence, increase bandwidth of the switch. The proposed switch is fabricated with x-cut lithium niobate by the annealed proton exchange process. A comparison of several experimental devices, fabricated on the same chip with the conventional and different counter-tapered DCs, respectively, confirms the increase of the bandwidth and the improvement of the fabrication tolerance by using the counter-tapered DC. Our fabricated best device, which has a length of ∼22 mm, exhibits an ∼85 nm bandwidth for an extinction ratio (ER) higher than 15 dB and a maximum ER of ∼35 dB at 1563 nm at a driving voltage of 6.0 V. The insertion losses are less than 8.5 dB for all channels. Our proposed optical switch could find applications in wavelength-division-multiplexing optical communication systems.
A Feasibility Study on the Research Infrastructure Projects for the High-Speed Big Data Processing Devices Using AHP (2016)

This project is to strengthen the competitiveness of ICT devices used in a big data system, which will require the support of information about how to establish infrastructure which will enable to develop and test a large scale of computing devices and a kernel SW. The purpose of this project is to build the research infrastructure for the high-speed big data processing devices and to obtain the kernel SWs and generic technology. The purpose of this study is to implement the feasibility analysis on this project. Therefore this study is using the AHP method which has established the specific analysis processes and can quickly confirm the validity of the project by calculating the weights of the evaluation criteria. As a result of this study, the comprehensive score by AHP analysis is 0.842 and it shows that the implementation of this project is feasible.
Ball-Mills Versus End-Mills for Curved Surface Machining (1989)

The use of end-mills for machining low curvature surfaces is examined in relation to the more popular ball-mills. End-mills are shown to give a better match to the required surface geometry and hence reduce the number of surface passes required. They also have a much better efficiency of material removal and longer tool life. It is shown that the use of end-mills for curved surface work can typically reduce the overall cutting time by a factor of twenty-four.
Frequency translation of light waves by propagation around an optical ring circuit containing a frequency shifter: II Theoretical analysis (1994)

Theoretical aspects of the frequency-translation ring circuit are considered through numerical simulations. We analyze the signal and noise propagation around an optical ring circuit that contains a frequency shifter, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a bandpass filter (BPF). The relations between the frequency-translation limit and some important parameters such as the BPF bandwidth and the polarization state are clarified. Numerical results for the frequency-translation limit are compared with reported experiments and a frequency translation of more than 100 GHz is predicted.
Effect of Celiprolol Treatment in Hypertensive Patients with Sleep Apnea (1999)

The effects of a beta-blocker, celiprolol, on sleep and arterial blood pressure (BP) were evaluated during a single-blind study in seven hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Diurnal ambulatory BP measurements with an automatic cuff-inflation device and polysomnography with simultaneous Finapres BP recording were performed separately on consecutive days at the end of two 21-day treatment periods involving placebo followed by celiprolol (200 mg/day). Age was 59 +/- 2.5 yr (m +/- sem) and body mass index 33.2 +/- 2.3 kg. m-2. Diurnal ambulatory BP was significantly lower with celiprolol than with placebo (systolic 139 +/- 4 vs 152 +/- 5 mmHg, diastolic 86 +/- 2 vs 96 +/- 2 mmHg). The apnea-hypopnea index was similar under celiprolol and placebo (48 +/- 7.4 vs 53 +/- 7.8, respectively), as were the total sleep time and percent of duration of the different sleep stages. Individual average BP values were significantly lower during REM sleep under celiprolol but remained similar under celiprolol and placebo in the other sleep stages. Variability of nocturnal BP (assessed by the SD of distribution of BP variations) was not affected by celiprolol. In conclusion, celiprolol which decreased daytime BP, did not affect sleep pattern or respiratory disturbances, or nocturnal BP variability related to apnea.
Signal Frequency and Bandwidth Effects on the Performance of UWB Time-Reversal Technique (2007)

Time reversal (TR) is a technique that can achieve remarkable temporal focusing (delay spread reduction) and spatial focusing in the context of wideband multipath propagation channels. In this paper, based on wideband measurements in reverberation chamber (RC) channel, we predict the characteristics of TR on the temporal compression and the spatial focusing. For the first time, we have analyzed the effects of the signal bandwidth on the temporal focusing and spatial focusing. Furthermore, the influence of the lower frequency band of the signal on the special focusing is demonstrated.
An investigation into vibrations excited by discrete faults in rolling element bearings (1991)

Although the field of vibration monitoring is more than thirty years old a review of the literature revealed a lack of understanding concerning the form of the source of vibrations excited by discrete faults in rolling element bearings. As a rolling element passes through a discrete fault a periodic forcing function is produced that excites oscillations of the bearing and the structure that surrounds it. This forcing function is the source, and the characteristic shape of one period describes the form of the source. The assumption that the form of the source is an impulse is universal throughout the literature; however no studies have been reported that have investigated the validity of this assumption. What is more many of the observed properties of the oscillations excited by discrete faults are not explained by this assumption. The project reported in this dissertation is an experimental study of the form of the source and the form of the transient response excited by discrete race faults in a ball bearing. Fundamental differences between the observed transient responses and those suggested by the literature were identified. These differences result from the significant effect the motion of the ball entering the fault has on the observed transient response. The properties of the observed response are described and used to explain some results from vibration monitoring techniques not explained by the assumption that the source is an impulse. Central to these results is the discovery that the form of the source is influenced by the width and location of the fault, the rotational speed and the magnitude of the applied radial load. The results of the experimental investigation are further explained by two original kinematic models. These models describe the motion of the outer race, relative to the inner race, of the radially loaded ball bearing with a discrete fault on the outer race. The models demonstrate the influence of the impulse response of the system on the generation of the source in addition to the behaviour of the system in response to the source. They provide a mechanism to explain the modulating influence of the load zone, and demonstrate how the form of the source is influenced by the fault width, the rotational speed and the magnitude of the applied radial load.
Opsonization of serum-sensitive and serum-resistant Escherichia coli by rough mutant (Re) antisera. (1982)

The antibody binding and susceptibility to opsonization of 11 SR and five SS Escherichia coli strains by pooled high-titered rabbit antisera against the core-defective Re chemotype mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 were studied. Binding of antibody was assessed by an IFA method, and the phagocytic rate was quantitated by measurement of the oxygen consumption of PMNs during phagocytosis. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the property of serum sensitivity and both antibody binding (p less than 0.001) and enhanced susceptibility to phagocytosis (p less than 0.01) after opsonization of these E. coli with rough mutant antisera. Opsonic activity was heat-stable and was primarily in the serum igG fraction. Opsonic antibody was reduced markedly by absorption with the methanol-fixed Re mutant but was only partially reduced by absorption with solvent-extracted Re CGL. IgG antibodies capable of mediating phagocytosis and directed against both extractable and nonextractable antigens of the core-defective Re mutant of S. minnesota R595 reacted with strains of E. coli isolated from neutropenic patients.
The Effects Of Rapid Thermal Annealing On Si-Implanted GaAs (1986)

Undoped and Cr-doped LEC GaAs substrates were implanted with Si at 150 keV with doses from 4x10<sup>12</sup> to 1x10<sup>14</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup>. The wafers were encapsulated with sputtered Si3Nt1 and annealed in a flash-lamp system at temperatures from 850 to 1025°C for times between 5 and 80 seconds. Channel dose implants into undoped LEC wafers give mobilities between 4700 and 4800 cm<sup>2</sup>/V-s for 1000°C, 5 sec. anneals, which are comparable with furnace annealed wafers. A sheet resistance of 61 ohms/sq and a mobility of 2500 cm2/V-s was obtained for a 1x10<sup>14</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup> implant dose. Reproducible threshold voltages can be obtained for both undoped and Cr-doped substrates using rapid thermal annealing.