gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Blockchain Technology to Build Trust in Sharing LoRaWAN IoT (2017)

With1 the rapid growth of the internet of things (IoT) market and requirement, low power wide area (LPWA) technologies have become popular. In various LPWA technologies, Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) and long range (LoRa) are two main leading competitive technologies. Comparing to NB-IoT network that mainly built and managed by mobile network operators, LoRa wide-area network (LoRaWAN) is mainly operated by private companies or organizations, which will bring the trust issues between application customers and network operations. In this paper, we proposed a blockchain technology based solution to build an open, trusted, decentralized and tamper-proof system for LoRaWAN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that integrating blockchain technology and LoRaWAN IoT technology.
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane optical phantoms (2006)

We describe a method for the preparation of a polyurethane phantom to simulate the optical properties of biologic tissues at two wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. We characterize the addition of added molecular absorbers with relatively narrow absorption bands [full width at half maximum (FWHM) 32 and 76 nm for Epolight 6084 and 4148, respectively] for independent absorption at 690 nm for absorption up to 5 cm(-1), and 830 nm for absorptions up to 3 cm(-1). Absorption by both dyes is linear with concentration in these respective regions and is consistent in polyurethane both before and after curing. The dyes are stable over long durations with no more than 4% change. The absorption of visible light by polyurethane decreases with time and is stable by one year with a drop of 0.03+/-0.003 cm(-1) from 500 to 830 nm. The scattering properties are selected by the addition of TiO2 particles to the polyurethane, which we functionally describe for the 690- and 830-nm wavelengths as related to the weight per volume. We demonstrate that the variation in absorption and scattering properties for large batch fabrication (12 samples) is +/-3%. The optical properties of the phantoms have not significantly changed in a period of exceeding one year, which makes them suitable for use as a reference standard.
Nanoarray Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction with High-Resolution Melt for Enabling Broad Bacteria Identification and Pheno–Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (2019)

Toward combating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, there remains an unmet need for diagnostic tools that can broadly identify the causative bacteria and determine their antimicrobial susceptibilities from complex and even polymicrobial samples in a timely manner. To address this need, a microfluidic and machine-learning-based platform that performs broad bacteria identification (ID) and rapid yet reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is developed. Specifically, this platform builds on "pheno-molecular AST", a strategy that transforms nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) into phenotypic AST through quantitative detection of bacterial genomic replication, and utilizes digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digital high-resolution melt (HRM) to quantify and identify bacterial DNA molecules. Bacterial species are identified using integrated experiment-machine learning algorithm via HRM profiles. Digital DNA quantification allows for rapid growth measurement that reflects susceptibility profiles of each bacterial species within only 30 min of antibiotic exposure. As a demonstration, multiple bacterial species and their susceptibility profiles in a spiked-in polymicrobial urine specimen were correctly identified with a total turnaround time of ∼4 h. With further development and clinical validation, this platform holds the potential for improving clinical diagnostics and enabling targeted antibiotic treatments.
Omnipotence without omniscience: efficient sensor management for planning (1994)

Classical planners have traditionally made the closed world assumption --- facts absent from the planner&apos;s world model are false. Incompleteinformation planners make the open world assumption --- the truth value of a fact absent from the planner&apos;s model is unknown, and must be sensed. The open world assumption leads to two difficulties: (1) How can the planner determine the scope of a universally quantified goal? (2) When is a sensory action redundant, yielding information already known to the planner? This paper describes the fully-implemented XII planner, which solves both problems by representing and reasoning about local closed world information (LCW). We report on experiments utilizing our UNIX softbot (software robot) which demonstrate that LCW can substantially improve the softbot&apos;s performance by eliminating redundant information gathering. Introduction Classical planners (e.g., (Chapman 1987)) presuppose correct and complete information about the world. Although recent wo...
오르막 슬로프에서 크로스컨트리 스키의 V1 스케이팅 주법에 대한 운동학적 분석 (1997)

The aims of this study are as follows; first, to find out the difference between successful skier group and the unsuccessful group by comparing and analyzing the skating technique action of cross-country skiers who use V1 skating technique in uphill slope. Second, to present effective skating motion through analyzing various kinematic variables, such as trunk angle, arm angle, knee angle, ski pole, ski angle, in uphill course.
The subjects of this study are made of two successful male skiers of national level and three unsuccessful male skiers of nonnational level. The motion performed by subjects were recorded using two video cameras at the speed of 60 fields per second, and analyzed using the DLT(Direct Linear Transformation) method of three dimentional cinematography.
The conclusions are as follows;
1. In order to increase the skating velocity, it is needed to lift waist near vertically when begin poling, and stoop the upper body forward when gliding, out of consideration that the successful group has the wider motion scope of trunk angle than the unsuccessful group.
2. To increase a propulsive force, hands has to be held out to the motion direction, and ski poles are needed to be planted on the snow leaning to the body center direction.
3. For a strong skating force, it is necessary that knees, which have an effect on the cycle length, are bent much at the beginning of skating phases. And then, at the end of skating phases, it is needed to straighten the knees full to the outside of snow, and then to kick.
4. As for ski angle, skiers has to provide a strong propulsive force to the gliding ski, by kicking to side, decreasing the ski angle concerning course direction.
Stoichiometry of Expressed KCNQ2/KCNQ3 Potassium Channels and Subunit Composition of Native Ganglionic M Channels Deduced from Block by Tetraethylammonium (2003)

KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium-channel subunits can form both homomeric and heteromeric channels; the latter are thought to constitute native ganglionic M channels. We have tried to deduce the stoichiometric contributions of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 subunits to currents generated by the coexpression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 cDNA plasmids in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and to native M currents in dissociated rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, by comparing the block of these currents produced by tetraethylammonium (TEA) with the block of currents generated by a tandem KCNQ3/2 construct. TEA concentration-inhibition curves against coexpressed KCNQ2 plus KCNQ3 currents, and against native M currents in SCG neurons from 6-week-old [postnatal day 45 (P45)] rats, were indistinguishable from those for the expressed tandem construct, and fully accorded with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Inhibition curves in neurons from younger (P17) rats could be better fitted assuming an additional small proportion of current carried by KCNQ2 homomultimers. Single-cell PCR yielded signals for KCNQ2, KCNQ3, and KCNQ5 mRNAs in all SCG neurons tested from both P17 and P45 rats. Quantitative PCR of whole-ganglion mRNA revealed stable levels of KCNQ2 and KCNQ5 mRNA between P7 and P45, but excess and incrementing levels of KCNQ3 mRNA. Increasing levels of KCNQ3 protein between P17 and P45 were confirmed by immunocytochemistry. We conclude that coexpressed KCNQ2 plus KCNQ3 cDNAs generate channels with 1:1 (KCNQ2:KCNQ3) stoichiometry in CHO cells and that native M channels in SCG neurons adopt the same conformation during development, assisted by the increased expression of KCNQ3 mRNA and protein.
Purification and Characterization of Active and Stable Recombinant Plasminogen‐Activator Inhibitor Accumulated at High Levels in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the primary physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator, is an unusual member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily in that it spontaneously converts to a latent form lacking activity. This latent form can be reactivated by denaturation and refolding, but the activation is usually incomplete and often leads to aggregation of the protein. In this study we have developed a high-level expression system that leads to the accumulation of PAI-1 at 30-50% total microbial protein. We have developed a single-step purification protocol which can be completed in a few hours, yielding approximately 20 mg purified recombinant PAI-1/litre culture. The purified PAI-1 was 80-100% active and was stable upon incubation at 37 degrees C with a half-life of approximately 48 h. At 20 degrees C, PAI-1 activity was stable for a week and at 4 degrees C it retained its activity completely for up to two months. Freezing caused significant loss of activity. The stability of PAI-1 activity was found to be dependent on pH and ionic strength, being most stable at pH 5.6 and at an ionic strength of 1 M salt. We show that by a combination of high-level expression and rapid purification under optimum conditions, it is possible to produce active and stable PAI-1 in high yield.
Film fill for power plant cooling towers (1991)

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth and youth with disabilities both experience health disparities. Little data exist on whether SGM youth with disabilities have worse health outcomes compared with SGM youth without disabilities. This study aimed to examine differences in health behaviors and outcomes among a sample of SGM youth by different types of disabilities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Secondary analyses were conducted with a subset (<i>N</i> = 9418) of the <i>LGBTQ National Teen Survey</i>, a comprehensive survey of risk and protective factors and health outcomes of SGM youth across the United States collected in 2017. Multiple types of disabilities (physical, cognitive, or psychiatric) and mental, behavioral, and physical health outcomes were self-reported. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the sample, 18.3% reported a disability. Significant findings included higher odds of exercise avoidance, greater depressive symptoms and sleep concerns, and lower self-esteem and overall health ratings among SGM youth who reported any form of disability compared with SGM youth who reported no disability. Youth with cognitive disabilities had lower odds of alcohol use than youth with no disability. Youth with psychiatric disabilities had higher odds of cannabis and cigarette use, and lower physical activity than youth with no disability. Youth with either psychiatric or physical disabilities reported higher body mass index than youth with no disability. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SGM youth with disabilities experience greater health disparities than SGM youth with no reported disabilities. Results provide groundwork evidence about the impact of disability status on SGM adolescents. Disability-inclusive or -specific frameworks are needed for future interventions and studies of SGM youth.
PKCη as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme (2005)

Gliomas are the most common major subgroup of primary CNS tumours. Approximately 17,000 new cases are reported each year and, of these, 11,500 patients die. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is highly proliferative and typically invades distal portions of the brain, thereby making complete surgical resection of these tumours nearly impossible. Moreover, GBMs are often resistant to current chemotherapy and radiation regimens. Therefore, there is a need for better therapeutic interventions. One class of proteins that is involved in the formation of malignant brain tumours is protein kinase C (PKC) and these kinases have not been thoroughly explored for their chemotherapeutic value in GBMs. The PKC isozyme, PKCeta (PKC-eta) increases cell proliferation and resistance to radiation of GBM cell lines. These properties make PKCeta an attractive target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the management of GBMs.
Coding Bit Rate Scalability of MPEG Audio Data (1999)

Users previously had to use transcoding methods in which a coded audio stream was decoded and the decoded audio then reencoded at the desired bit rate. Data processing of coded audio therefore usually involves complex and time-consuming tasks. In this paper, we describe three algorithms for bit rate scaling on coded MPEG data domains. One is a bandwidth limitation method to cut higher frequency components until the target data rate is satisfied. A second method uses a requantization process where a quantization step in each subband is modified, and a third method also utilizes a requantization process with a psychoacoustic model from bit allocation information obtained in the bitstream in order to improve bit rate scaling efficiency. The simulation results show that the requantization process provides very high conversion efficiency and that sound quality nearly equal to that of direct coding can be obtained by utilizing the psychoacoustic model. It was also shown that very fast scaling (factor of six) can be achieved compared with the conventional baseband transcoding method. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(10): 47–56, 2001
Toxicity of myoglobin and haemoglobin: oxidative stress in patients with rhabdomyolysis and subarachnoid haemorrhage (2002)

Haemolytic events, such as those following rhabdomyolysis and subarachnoid haemorrhage, often result in pathological complications such as vasoconstriction. Haem-protein cross-linked myoglobin and haemoglobin are generated by ferric-ferryl redox cycling, and thus can be used as markers of oxidative stress. We have found haem-protein cross-linked myoglobin in the urine of patients suffering from rhabdomyolysis and haem-protein cross-linked haemoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients following subarachnoid haemorrhage. These findings provide strong evidence that these respiratory haem proteins can be involved in powerful oxidation processes in vivo. We have previously proposed that these oxidation processes in rhabdomyolysis include the formation of potent vasoconstrictor molecules, generated by the myoglobin-catalysed oxidation of membranes, inducing nephrotoxicity and renal failure. Haem-protein cross-linked haemoglobin in cerebrospinal fluid suggests that a similar mechanism of lipid oxidation is present and that this may provide a mechanistic basis for the delayed vasospasm that follows subarachnoid haemorrhage.
pH-sensitive interactions between IgG and a mutated IgG-binding protein based upon two B domains of Protein A from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1992)

A fusion protein, consisting of the N-terminal 81 amino acids from an inactive bovine DNase I (Q38,E39-E38,Q39) and two sequential synthetic IgG-binding domains based upon domain B of Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to bind to porcine IgG with a similar affinity and pH profile to Protein A. The same residue in each B domain (Tyr111 and Tyr169) has been mutated by cassette mutagenesis to Ser, Glu, His, Lys or Arg and the effect of the mutation on binding interactions with porcine IgG investigated. The evidence presented suggests that the interactions at the B domain are highly sensitive to the presence of a charged residue.
Ectopic activation of lymphoid high mobility group-box transcription factor TCF-1 and overexpression in colorectal cancer cells (1997)

Physical interaction between the lymphoid high mobility group (HMG)-box architectural transcription factors TCF/LEF and beta-catenin is associated with translocation of the heteromeric complex to the nucleus and regulation of target gene expression. Since formation of molecular complexes among beta-catenin, E-cadherin, p300apc and TCF/LEF depends on balanced expression of these constituents, we investigated the biosynthesis of TCF-1 in colorectal cancer. Here we report detailed analyses of activation and overexpression of lymphoid transcription factor TCF-1 in human colorectal cancer-derived cell lines. Northern blot analyses revealed considerable steady-state expression levels of TCF-1 mRNA of normal size. Genomic rearrangement of the 5' flanking region of the TCF-1 gene was excluded as a cause of ectopic expression. By contrast, CAT-reporter constructs depending on a 515-bp T-cell-regulated TCF-1 genomic upstream region were significantly activated in epithelial tumor cells. RT-PCR analyses revealed a heterogeneic population of mRNA isoforms due to alternative splicing in the TCF-1 gene. On Western blots of colorectal cancer cells, the TCF-1-specific monoclonal antibody 7H3 detected a similar heterogeneous spectrum of TCF-1 specific polypeptide chains. Interestingly, overexpression of TCF-1-specific splice forms correlated with the metastatic behavior of the analyzed cells and with overproduction of lymphoid tyrosine protein kinase p56(lck). We conclude that ectopic expression of the HMG-box factor TCF-1 is associated with late events in tumor progression.
Neuropeptide Systems and Schizophrenia (2013)

Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the world population, and the majority of pharmacologically based treatments for this disorder are ligands that interact with monoaminergic transmission. However, there is a wealth of evidence that various neuropeptides are often co-released with monoamine neurotransmitters, and that ligands acting at neuropeptide receptors modulate monoaminergic transmission as well as schizophrenia-related behaviors in preclinical animal models. Such neuropeptide systems include neurotensin, cholecystokinin, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, opioid peptides, tachykinins, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and orexins. The purpose of this review will be to summarize the existing preclinical and clinical literature on the role of various neuropeptide systems as modulators of schizophrenia-related behaviors, and the potential of targeting these systems for the development of novel antipsychotic medications.
Simultaneous Application of Fibrous Piezoresistive Sensors for Compression and Traction Detection in Glass Laminate Composites (2011)

This article describes further development of a novel Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) approach described in one of our previous papers. Here these sensors have been used for the first time as a Piecewise Continuous System (PCS), which means that they are not only capable of following the deformation pattern but can also detect distinctive fracture events. In order to characterize the simultaneous compression and traction response of these sensors, multilayer glass laminate composite samples were prepared for 3-point bending tests. The laminate sample consisted of five layers of plain woven glass fabrics placed one over another. The sensors were placed at two strategic locations during the lay-up process so as to follow traction and compression separately. The reinforcements were then impregnated in epoxy resin and later subjected to 3-point bending tests. An appropriate data treatment and recording device has also been developed and used for simultaneous data acquisition from the two sensors. The results obtained, under standard testing conditions have shown that our textile fibrous sensors can not only be used for simultaneous detection of compression and traction in composite parts for on-line structural health monitoring but their sensitivity and carefully chosen location inside the composite ensures that each fracture event is indicated in real time by the output signal of the sensor.
VIPase autoantibodies in <i>Fas</i> ‐defective mice and patients with autoimmune disease (2003)

The immunoregulatory neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was cleaved by purified IgG from Fas-defective C3H/gld mice, lupus patients, and autoimmune thyroiditis patients. No VIPase activity was detected in IgG from control mice and humans. Kinetic analyses of VIPase IgG preparations suggested low-affinity recognition of VIP. Yet the VIPase activity was VIP selective, judged by lack of correlation with other protease activities expressed by the IgG and by noninterference of unrelated peptides in the activity. Recombinant Fv constructs selected from a human lupus phage show library displayed VIPase activity, confirming that the active site is located in the V domains. Inhibition of the VIPase activity by di-isopropylfluorophosphate suggested a serine protease-like mechanism of catalysis. Irreversible binding of a biotinyated phosphonate diester by the IgG and Fv preparations was observed, consistent with the presence of activated nucleophiles similar to those in enzymes capable of covalent catalysis. These observations show that VIP is a target for specific catalytic autoantibodies in autoimmune disease.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Based Nanomedicine (2019)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie the mechanisms necessary for the growth, fitness, or aging of living organisms, have been driving researchers to take full advantage of these active chemical species for contributing to medical advances. Thanks to the remarkable advances in nanotechnology, great varieties of nanomaterials with unique ROS-regulating properties have been explored to guide the temporospatial dynamic behaviors of ROS in biological milieu, which contributes to the emergence of a new-generation therapeutic methodology, i.e., nanomaterial-guided in vivo ROS evolution for therapy. The interdependent relationship between ROS and their corresponding chemistry, biology, and nanotherapy leads us to propose the concept of "ROS science", which is believed to be an emerging scientific discipline that studies the chemical mechanisms, biological effects, and nanotherapeutic applications of ROS. In this review, state-of-art studies concerning recent progresses on ROS-based nanotherapies have been summarized in detail, with an emphasis on underlying material chemistry of nanomaterials by which ROS are generated or scavenged for improved therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, key scientific issues in the evolution of ROS-based cross-disciplinary fields have also been discussed, aiming to unlock the innate powers of ROS for optimized therapeutic efficacies. We expect that our demonstration on this evolving field will be beneficial to the further development of ROS-based fundamental researches and clinical applications.