gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous luminance and position stabilization for film and video (2003)

Temporal and spatial random variation of luminance in images, or 'flicker' is a typical degradation observed in archived film and video. The underlying premise in typical flicker reduction algorithms is that each image must be corrected for a spatially varying gain and offset. These parameters are estimated in the stationary region of the image. Hence the performance of that algorithm depends crucially on the identification of stationary image regions. Position fluctuations are also a common artefact resulting in a random 'shake' of each film frame. For removing both, the key is to reject regions showing local motion or other outlier activity. Parameters are then estimated mostly on that part of the image undergoing the dominant motion. A new algorithm that simultaneously deals with global motion estimation and flicker is presented. The final process is based on a robust application of weighted least-squares, in which the weights also classify portions of the image as local or global. The paper presents results on severely degraded sequences showing evidence of both Flicker and random shake.
Precisely Tunable Engineering of Sub-30 nm Monodisperse Oligonucleotide Nanoparticles (2013)

Advancement of RNAi therapies is mainly hindered by the development of efficient delivery vehicles. The ability to create small size (<30 nm) oligonucleotide nanoparticles is essential for many aspects of the delivery process but is often overlooked. In this report, we describe diblock star polymers that can reproducibly complex double-stranded oligonucleotides into monodisperse nanoparticles with 15, 23, or 30 nm in diameter. The polymer-nucleic acid nanoparticles have a core-shell architecture with dense PEG brush coating. We characterized these nanoparticles using ITC, DLS, FRET, FCS, TIRF, and TEM. In addition to small size, these nanoparticles have neutral zeta-potentials, making the presented polymer architecture a very attractive platform for investigation of yet poorly studied polyplex size range for siRNA and antisense oligonucleotide delivery applications.
A methodology for optimal power dispatch under a pool-bilateral market (2003)

This work proposes an optimization model for the power dispatch under a pool-bilateral market. In it, all transactions and also the power traded in the spot market are separated into different networks according to the corresponding current injections. Using the superposition principle (SP), a set of network equations is assigned to every transaction and to the power injections related to the pool (spot market). The model comprises all of the network equations and inequalities representing operational limits. A primal-dual interior point method is used for the resolution of the optimization problem. The line currents, complex voltages, and power generations associated with every transaction and spot market are obtained. Results are presented for a 5-bus and the IEEE 118-bus systems.
Control Allocation with Load Balancing (2009)

Next generation aircraft with a large number of actuators will require advanced control allocation methods to compute the actuator commands needed to follow desired trajectories while respecting system constraints. Previously, algorithms were proposed to minimize the l1 or l2 norms of the tracking error and of the actuator deflections. The paper discusses the alternative choice of the l(infinity) norm, or sup norm. Minimization of the control effort translates into the minimization of the maximum actuator deflection (min-max optimization). The paper shows how the problem can be solved effectively by converting it into a linear program and solving it using a simplex algorithm. Properties of the algorithm are also investigated through examples. In particular, the min-max criterion results in a type of load balancing, where the load is th desired command and the algorithm balances this load among various actuators. The solution using the l(infinity) norm also results in better robustness to failures and to lower sensitivity to nonlinearities in illustrative examples.
Genistein Affects Adipose Tissue Deposition in a Dose-Dependent and Gender-Specific Manner (2006)

The soy isoflavone genistein targets adipose tissue and elicits physiological effects that may vary based on dietary intake. We hypothesized that the adipose effects of genistein are dose and gender dependent. Four-week-old C57BL/6 male and female mice received daily oral doses of genistein (50-200,000 microg/kg.d) or 17beta-estradiol (E2) (5 microg/kg.d) for 15 d or a diet containing 800 ppm genistein. Genistein increased epididymal and renal fat pad and adipocyte size at doses up to 50,000 microg/kg.d or at 800 ppm in the diet in males but not in females. The alteration in adipocity correlated with changes in peripheral insulin resistance. These treatments increased genistein serum concentrations from 35+/-6 to 103+/-26 nM 12 h after treatment and lowered plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. The 200,000 microg/kg.d genistein dose decreased adipose tissue weight similarly to E2. This genistein dose down-regulated estrogen receptor (beta more than alpha) and progesterone receptor expression and induced estrogen-dependent adipose differentiation factors; it did not change expression of the minimal consensus estrogen-responsive element in ERE-tK-LUC mice, which was positively modulated in other tissues (e.g. the lung). E2 down-regulated almost all examined adipogenic factors. Gene microarray analysis identified factors in fat metabolism and obesity-related phenotypes differentially regulated by low and high doses of genistein, uncovering its adipogenic and antiadipogenic actions. The lower dose induced the phospholipase A2 group 7 and the phospholipid transfer protein genes; the 200,000 microg/kg.d dose inhibited them. The antiadipogenic action of genistein and down-regulation of adipogenic genes required the expression of ERbeta. In conclusion, nutritional doses of genistein are adipogenic in a gender-specific manner, whereas pharmacological doses inhibited adipose deposition.
Parallel velocity and temperature of argon ions in an expanding, helicon source driven plasma (2004)

The parallel ion flow in a high-density helicon source plasma expanding into a region of weaker magnetic field is measured as a function of neutral pressure, magnetic field strength, rf power and rf driving frequency. The dependence of the parallel ion flow and parallel ion temperature, measured by laser induced fluorescence, on the plasma density, electron temperature and floating potential, measured with an rf-compensated Langmuir probe, is also examined. At the end of the helicon plasma source, the ion velocity space distribution changes from a single subsonically drifting Maxwellian population to a supersonic ion beam (≈15 eV) plus a cold, subsonically drifting background ion population. At 38 cm into the expansion region beyond the end of the plasma source, the supersonic ion beam is not observed.
IMPROVED INTRANASAL PACKING: A Rubber Pneumatic Pack (1936)

This report concerns the develpoment of an intranasal pack or splint which is made of rubber tissue and is inflated with air when in position. Many attempts have been made to improve the effectiveness of nasal packing either for postoperative use or in the control of hemorrhage while improving the patient's comfort. All of these efforts have been appreciated by the surgeon, but the latter consideration chiefly influences the patient. Discomfort and often pain make the patient dread the period following a nasal operation. The factors which limit the problem are well known, viz., the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to foreign material, the small size of the vestibule in comparison to the size of the nasal fossa, the irregular and intricate contour of the fossa, the variation in the contour and size of one fossa with that of its partner and with that of other nasal fossae
Vulnerability analysis of the optimized link state routing protocol version 2 (OLSRv2) (2010)

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are leaving the confines of research laboratories, to find place in real-world deployments. Outside specialized domains (military, vehicular, etc.), citywide community-networks are emerging, connecting regular Internet users with each other, and with the Internet, via MANETs. Growing to encompass more than a handful of “trusted participants”, the question of preserving the MANET network connectivity, even when faced with careless or malicious participants, arises, and must be addressed.
Folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy (1997)

Understanding the relationship between chemical structure and biological properties of folate analogs, particularly their interactions with the target enzymes, transport proteins and folate-metabolizing enzyme, folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), has enabled the rational design and development of the selective thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors with folate-based structures for clinical uses. These compounds specifically inhibit TS devoid of concomitant effects at other loci, unlike 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). ZD1694 ('Tomudex') was designed as a non-nephrotoxic and highly active analog of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717), which is a potent TS inhibitor but had unacceptable nephrotoxicity caused by its poor water solubility. The potent cytotoxic activity of ZD1694 is dependent upon active uptake into cells via the reduced folate carrier (RFC), and subsequent rapid and extensive metabolism to polyglutamate forms inside cells. Marked enhancement of the TS inhibitory activity has been noted as the glutamate chain is elongated. Polyglutamation is critical to the biological activity of ZD1694 against tumor and normal proliferating tissues. The retentive property of ZD1694 polyglutamates inside cells led to a single, infrequent administration schedule in clinical studies. ZD1694 has completed phase I and phase II evaluation with activity observed in several tumor types, particularly in colorectal cancer with a 26% objective response rate. A recent European phase III study of ZD1694, randomized against a 5-FU plus leucovorin regimen, demonstrated an equivalent response rate for advanced colorectal cancer (complete or partial responses; 20 versus 17%) and less toxicity than seen with the latter regimen. The newer selective TS inhibitors, which retain potency for TS inhibition but are not substrates for RFC and/or FPGS, are currently under clinical evaluation. These classes of compound may have benefits for circumvention of resistance by virtue of alterations in these protein functions and for the management of toxicity.
Update of Road Network in GIS by Fusing SAR and TM Imagery (2006)

Remote sensing,as a tool to obtain the spatial data,is becoming more and more important in the update of spatial data,and remote sensing data are becoming a main data source to update spatial data.A method is proposed in this paper to update road network in GIS automatically by use of the remote sensing imagery.The road network is extracted completely by fusing two kinds of sensor images,then the roads that are built newly or rebuilt are ascertained by change detection of linear features.The experimental result shows that the method can update the road network exactly.
Electron spin resonance studies on a flavoprotein in neutrophil plasma membranes. Redox potentials of the flavin and its participation in NADPH oxidase. (1986)

Plasma membrane fractions of stimulated and resting cells were isolated from pig blood neutrophils. The midpoint redox potential (Em) of the membrane-bound flavin was determined potentiometrically by analysis of the flavin free-radical signal by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. In both stimulated and resting cells, a peak position of the titration curve gave an Em value of -280 mV at pH 7.0 (Em7). The flavin free radical showed an ESR spectrum at g = 2.004 with a peak to peak width of 19 G, which indicates that the redox intermediate is a neutral semiquinone. Redox titrations were anaerobically examined at 25 degrees C with NADPH in place of dithionite. Addition of NADPH to plasma membranes of stimulated cells resulted in a rapid change in potential, accompanied by the formation of the ESR signal of flavin free radical. Computer simulation of the titration points gave an ambient midpoint potential of -280 mV (Em7). In contrast, those of resting cells showed a very slow change in potential and no g = 2.00 signal formation. Power saturation behavior of the ESR signal showed a marked difference between those of stimulated and resting cells. ESR characteristics of the flavin are discussed in relation to the membrane-bound NADPH oxidase.
Study of Models for Predicting the Mean Hourly Global Radiation from Daily Summations (2008)

It is mandatory to predict the hourly solar radiation received during the average day of each month for different solar energy applications, particularly in design methods, Scientists have developed methods to achieve this using different input parameters. The objective of this study is to compare statistically existing models for estimating the mean hourly global radiation incident on a horizontal surface from mean daily global radiation and to recommend one that best fits measured data from five Indian locations chosen namely, Bangalore, Jodhpur, Mumbai, New Delhi and Srinagar. From our results it is observed that Collares-Pereira and Rabl model as modified by Gueymard (CPRG) yields the best performance for estimating mean hourly global radiation incident on a horizontal surface for Indian regions. In addition to CPRG model, Collares-Pereira and Rabl (CPR) and Whillier /Liu and Jordan (WLJ) models yield better performance than Newell, Baig and Garg models. Moreover each model gives an average amount of under-estimation in the calculated value.
Differential Induction of Functional IgG Using the Plasmodium falciparum Placental Malaria Vaccine Candidate VAR2CSA (2011)

Binding inhibitory antibodies appeared to be against conformational B-cell epitopes. Non-binding inhibitory antibodies reacted highly against the C-terminal end of the VAR2CSA molecule especially the highly polymorphic DBL6ε domain. Differential species-specific induction of antibody responses may allow for more direct analysis of functional versus non-functional B-cell epitopes.
Radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe in PARG-deficient cells (2009)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins involved in the regulation of chromatin structure, DNA metabolism, cell division and cell death. Through the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) has a crucial role in the control of life-and-death balance following DNA insult. Comprehension of PARG function has been hindered by the existence of many PARG isoforms encoded by a single gene and displaying various subcellular localizations. To gain insight into the function of PARG in response to irradiation, we constitutively and stably knocked down expression of PARG isoforms in HeLa cells. PARG depletion leading to PAR accumulation was not deleterious to undamaged cells and was in fact rather beneficial, because it protected cells from spontaneous single-strand breaks and telomeric abnormalities. By contrast, PARG-deficient cells showed increased radiosensitivity, caused by defects in the repair of single- and double-strand breaks and in mitotic spindle checkpoint, leading to alteration of progression of mitosis. Irradiated PARG-deficient cells displayed centrosome amplification leading to mitotic supernumerary spindle poles, and accumulated aberrant mitotic figures, which induced either polyploidy or cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Our results suggest that PARG could be a novel potential therapeutic target for radiotherapy.
High-Performance Silicone Gel as Integrated-Circuit-Device Chip Protection (1989)

Recent advances in IC device encapsulants and polymeric materials have made high reliability VLSI plastic packaging a reality. High performance silicone gels possess excellent electrical and physical properties for IC protection. With their intrinsic low modulus and soft gel-like nature, silicone gels have become very effective encapsulants for the delicate larger chip size and wire-bonded VLSI chips. Recent studies indicate that adequate IC chip surface protection with high performance silicone gels in plastic packaging could possibly replace conventional ceramic hermetic packaging. This paper reviews some potential IC encapsulants. It focuses on the high performance silicone gels, their cure chemistry, and their application as VLSI device encapsulants.
Causation, Incidence, and Costs of Traumatic Brain Injury in the U.S. Military Medical System (1996)

Hospital discharge records from military facilities and private facilities reimbursed by Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services for fiscal year 1992 were reviewed to identify head injury admissions. Incidence rates, case fatality rates, causes of head injuries, and direct cost for hospital admissions were computed in this well-defined population. For fiscal year 1992, there were 5,568 hospitalized cases of noncombat head injury in the military medical system. The age-adjusted head injury rates for ages 15-44 years are higher in active-duty individuals compared with other beneficiaries (1.6 times greater for men and 2.5 times greater for women). The total cost for hospitalization in this population was $43 million. Private facility rehabilitation accounted for 26% of all private facility costs but only 6% of head injury cases. Firearms and motor vehicle crashes caused the most severe injuries for cases admitted to military facilities. Motor vehicle crashes, falls, and fighting accounted for 80% of the total military facility cost for head injuries. Military active-duty individuals are at increased risk for noncombat head injury. Prevention of head injury in military settings should focus on motor vehicle crashes, fist fights (assault), and falls.
MP-15 Development of Cr Etching with Ozone-water (2011)

It is developed and experimentally demonstrated the novel method of etching metal with ozone-water. Ozone-water was generated by bubbling ozone gas through pure water by absorption effect. Cr was used as a test metal. We evaluated the fundamental performance of etching speed depend on temperature and concentration of ozone. The best etching rate during tested conditions is 27nm/hours at 55℃. The roughness on the surface of both etched with a conventional Cr etchant and the ozone-water. As a result, the ozone-water etched surface (Ra=0.94±0.19) was much smoother than that with conventional etchant (2.61±0.77). While the etching rate is much slower than conventional etchant, enough practical etching rates with atomically flat surface will meet various applications in nanotechnology.
Material contrast in scanning near-field optical microscopy at 1–10 nm resolution (1997)

The tetrahedral tip is used as a light emitting probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). It has no aperture as an element for the confinement of light and the techniques of scanning tunneling microscopy and SNOM can be combined with the same probing tip. Silver grains are distinguished from gold grains by their specific near-field optical contrast in SNOM transmission mode images of mixed films of silver and gold at a lateral resolution in the nanometer range and an edge resolution of 1 nm for selected grains. The contrast is explained in terms of a quasielectrostatic model of a local light-emitting source interacting with the object.
Analyses of ligand binding in five endothiapepsin crystal complexes and their use in the design and evaluation of novel renin inhibitors (1993)

Five renin inhibitors were cocrystallized with endothiapepsin, a fungal enzyme homologous to renin. Crystal structures of inhibitor-bound complexes have provided invaluable insight regarding the three-dimensional structure of the aspartic proteinase family of enzymes, as well as the steric and polar interactions that occur between the proteins and the bound ligands. Beyond this, subtleties of binding have been revealed, including multiple subsite binding modes and subsite interdependencies. This information has been applied in the design of novel potent renin inhibitors and in the understanding of structure-activity relationships and enzyme selectivities.
Structural relationships of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors to pharmacologic activity. (1988)

The angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors available so far are active-site directed inhibitors. They utilize all the critical binding interactions of the substrate and convert the catalytic interaction with the zinc atom into an effective binding interaction. Three chemical classes of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors have been introduced into clinical use, the sulfhydryl-containing inhibitors such as captopril and its analogs and prodrugs, carboxyalkyldipeptides such as enalapril and its analogs, and phosphorus-containing inhibitors such as fosinopril and the phosphonate SQ 29,852. Within each of the three groups of inhibitors significant differences in molecular weight and polarities can be observed. These differences have a significant influence in the routes of elmination and tissue distribution of these inhibitors. Tissue distribution and intrinsic potency will determine the magnitude of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition at the tissue level, which could play a critical role in the clinical utilization of these inhibitors. The sulfhydryl-containing inhibitors such as captopril undergo a metabolic process significantly different from that of the other two classes. They can interact with endogenous sulfhydryl-containing compounds like glutathione and proteins, to form reversible disulfides, which can serve as depot forms of the drug. Also, because of their redox properties they might function as recyclable free radical scavengers.
Convenient Solution-Phase Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Novel Linear and Cyclic α,β-Alternating Peptoids (2009)

The synthesis of a novel family of peptidomimetics composed of linear and cyclic alpha,beta-alternating peptoids is described. Oligomers consisting of up to six peptoid residues (n = 1-3) were synthesized on large scale with use of an efficient iterative solution-phase method and longer oligomers (n = 4, 5) were obtained by the coupling of appropriately protected shorter oligomers. Preliminary conformational studies of these hybrid peptoids are reported.
Ultraviolet light photosensitivity in Ge-doped silica fibers: wavelength dependence of the light-induced index change (1990)

A novel technique is reported for detecting permanent and transient light-induced refractive-index changes (photosensitivity) in optical fibers. The index change is detected by irradiating one arm of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer with UV light, thereby changing its optical path length. From a measurement of the change in the spectral response of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the change in the fiber core index as a function of wavelength can be determined. The equilibrium change in the core index is found to have an almost constant value of approximately 2.3 x 10(-5) over the measured wavelength range of 700 to 1400 nm.