gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging technologies in point-of-care molecular diagnostics for resource-limited settings (2014)

Emerging molecular technologies to diagnose infectious diseases at the point at which care is delivered have the potential to save many lives in developing countries where access to laboratories is poor. Molecular tests are needed to improve the specificity of syndromic management, monitor progress towards disease elimination and screen for asymptomatic infections with the goal of interrupting disease transmission and preventing long-term sequelae. In simplifying laboratory-based molecular assays for use at point-of-care, there are inevitable compromises between cost, ease of use and test performance. Despite significant technological advances, many challenges remain for the development of molecular diagnostics for resource-limited settings. There needs to be more advocacy for these technologies to be applied to infectious diseases, increased efforts to lower the barriers to market entry through streamlined and harmonized regulatory approaches, faster policy development for adoption of new technologies and novel financing mechanisms to enable countries to scale up implementation.
PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE ACTIVATES THE HEAT SHOCK RESPONSE AND THEREBY INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN PRIMED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (1998)

Transcription factor NF-kappaB is an important regulator of the cellular response to diverse stresses. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activity, was used to determine the role of this transcription factor in our model of stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were treated with an inducer of the acute phase response (LPS) followed by treatment with an inducer of the heat shock response (arsenite), a sequence that produces cell death by apoptosis. Treatment with PDTC attenuated LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity and endothelial cell death when added prior to LPS. However, PDTC unexpectedly increased cell death when given after LPS priming. This time-dependent effect of PDTC on endothelial cell death was similar to that which we had observed previously for inducers of the heat shock response. Therefore, we hypothesized that PDTC could induce the heat shock response in porcine and human endothelial cells. PDTC increased heat shock protein (HSP)-70 production and heat shock factor (HSF) activity. Thus, treatment of endothelial cells with PDTC, like other inducers of the heat shock response, increased HSP-70 levels and HSF activity and had time-dependent effects on cell death by apoptosis in primed endothelial cells. We conclude that PDTC induced the heat shock response, that induction of HSF activity may be linked with inhibition of NF-kappaB activity, and that interaction between acute phase and heat shock regulatory factors may be pivotal to determining cell fate (apoptosis).
Survival of Patients With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma After First Relapse or Progression: Spectrum of Disease and Rare Long-Term Survivors (2013)

Most patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL have poor outcomes with short survival. Select patients with good PS have more favorable outcomes with standard chemotherapy.
Weather radars with pulse compression using complementary codes: simulation and evaluation (2002)

Using complementary codes in conjunction with wideband pulse compression waveforms can yield high resolution spatial and temporal weather measurements with low range sidelobe contamination. For extended targets such as precipitation systems, range sidelobes mask and corrupt observations of weak phenomena occurring near areas of strong echoes. Therefore, having low range sidelobes is extremely important in precisely determining the echo scattering region. In this paper, the authors evaluate the performance of complementary phase codes in the context of time-varying, distributed weather targets. A simulation procedure has been developed to describe the signal returns from distributed targets using phase-coded pulse compression transmit waveforms with complementary coding for both single and dual polarization operations. The evaluation is based on the integrated sidelobe level and Doppler sensitivity after matched filter processing.
Mobile and Wireless Communications Physical Layer Development and Implementatiom (2010)

Mobile and Wireless Communications have been one of the major revolutions of the late twentieth century. We are witnessing a very fast growth in these technologies where mobile and wireless communications have become so ubiquitous in our society and indispensable for our daily lives. The relentless demand for higher data rates with better quality of services to comply with state-of-the art applications has revolutionized the wireless communication field and led to the emergence of new technologies such as Bluetooth, WiFi, Wimax, Ultra wideband, OFDMA. Moreover, the market tendency confirms that this revolution is not ready to stop in the foreseen future. Mobile and wireless communications applications cover diverse areas including entertainment, industrialist, biomedical, medicine, safety and security, and others, which definitely are improving our daily life. Wireless communication network is a multidisciplinary field addressing different aspects raging from theoretical analysis, system architecture design, and hardware and software implementations. While different new applications are requiring higher data rates and better quality of service and prolonging the mobile battery life, new development and advanced research studies and systems and circuits designs are necessary to keep pace with the market requirements. This book covers the most advanced research and development topics in mobile and wireless communication networks. It is divided into two parts with a total of thirty-four stand-alone chapters covering various areas of wireless communications of special topics including: physical layer and network layer, access methods and scheduling, techniques and technologies, antenna and amplifier design, integrated circuit design, applications and systems. These chapters present advanced novel and cutting-edge results and development related to wireless communication offering the readers the opportunity to enrich their knowledge in specific topics as well as to explore the whole field of rapidly emerging mobile and wireless networks. We hope that this book will be useful for students, researchers and practitioners in their research studies.
Improved student engagement in civil and mechanical engineering using a professional peer feedback process (2012)

Preparing students for professional life and providing them with meaningful feedback on their work are two important pedagogical objectives that challenge educators in engineering and other disciplines alike. To achieve these objectives, an initiative was developed to incorporate a key professional process into engineering curricula, through industry collaboration. A design verification process was introduced into two undergraduate courses at Levels I and III, for civil and mechanical engineering, respectively. Verification is more robust than self-checking (which generally only determines the mathematical correctness of calculations), as it examines whether a proposed design output is practical and meets the design objectives. The verification process was introduced into an assessment task where students worked in groups to construct and test a model structure. Design of the structure was based on self-checked calculations and a peer verified design drawing. The peer feedback from the verification process allowed the final model to be improved, compared to the original design, prior to construction and testing. The verification process has similar characteristics to a cyclical feedback strategy and is a form of peer feedback, which have both been demonstrated to improve student learning through increased engagement and reflection. Students perceived that the verification process improved their understanding of the course material and the importance of quality management. They also acknowledged the role of verification in improving their constructed models, compared to the original designs.
Localization of P2X<sub>1</sub>purinoceptors by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry in rat kidneys (1998)

P2 receptors have been identified in rat kidney by autoradiography, using the radioligand [3H] alpha, beta-methylene ATP, and by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody to the P2X1 purinoceptor. They have been localized to the vascular smooth muscle of intrarenal arteries, including arcuate and interlobular arteries, and afferent arterioles, but not glomeruli, postglomerular efferent arterioles, or renal tubules. We conclude that at least some of the P2 receptors present on vascular smooth muscle are of the P2X1 subtype. The functional significance of these findings in the vascular control of the kidney is discussed.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Biological Detection and Delivery (2015)

Responsive polymers with properties designed to interact with their surrounding environment are enabling "smart" design features for custom biomaterials. Numerous applications are being innovated, ranging from diagnostics and imaging to tissue engineering and drug delivery. Herein, I feature a collection of research articles published in <i>ACS Macro Letters</i> that highlight an array of innovative chemical attributes such as pH-triggered hydrolytic degradation, reduction-based release, photomodulation, glucose responsiveness, thermal sensitivity, and membrane permeating peptides. The chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of polymeric structures can be custom tailored to enhance numerous features such as biological delivery, pharmaceutical potency and safety, disease diagnosis, and antigen/biomaker detection.
Thermally Healable and Reprocessable Bis(hindered amino)disulfide-Cross-Linked Polymethacrylate Networks (2017)

A facile approach to polymethacrylate networks that contain thermally exchangeable bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS) cross-linkers is reported, and the easily inducible healability and reprocessability of the obtained networks are discussed. The free radical polymerization of BiTEMPS cross-linkers and hexyl methacrylate (HMA) monomers afforded insoluble and colorless networks of poly(hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) films, whose structures were characterized after de-cross-linking via thermal BiTEMPS exchange reactions with added low-molecular-weight BiTEMPS. Swelling experiments and stress-relaxation measurements at elevated temperatures revealed the contribution of BiTEMPS as a polymer chain exchanger both in the gels and in the bulk. The BiTEMPS-cross-linked PHMA networks showed damage healability and repeatable reprocessability in the bulk by simple hot pressing at 120 °C under mild pressure (∼70 kPa). These results should grant facile access to various vinyl polymer networks with on-demand malleability.
Enhanced Polymerization and Depolymerization of Natural Rubber by Quinones and Related Compounds (1938)

Abstract 1. The enhanced polymerization or the depolymerization of natural rubber may be effected thermally or photochemically by one and the same reagent. 2. The action of quinones, carbonyl compounds, and other quinonoid compounds in this connection has been studied. 3. Depolymerization is favored by ( a ) dilution of the rubber by a solvent or swelling agent, ( b ) increase of temperature, ( c ) presence of molecular oxygen. 4. The results are interpreted in terms of concurrent reactions.
BRCA1 RING Domain Cancer-predisposing Mutations (2001)

Cancer-predisposing missense mutations in the RING domain of BRCA1 primarily target Zn(2+)-liganding residues. Here we report on the structural consequences of such mutations introduced into the second Zn(2+) site (Site II) of the BRCA1 RING domain and their effect on the interaction with the BARD1 RING domain. Each of the BRCA1 Site II mutants still interact and form a stable heterodimer with BARD1. Limited proteolysis of BRCA1/BARD1 complexes, monitored by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight spectrometry, show that the mutations cause a local structural perturbation that is primarily confined to the second Zn(2+) binding loop of the BRCA1 subunit. These findings are consistent with the structure of the BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer, which shows this region is well removed from the helices required for dimerization with BARD1. Instead, the mutations alter a region of BRCA1 that appears to be required for interaction with ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes.
Functional phenotyping of human plasma using a 361‐fluorogenic substrate biosensing microarray (2006)

A microarray presenting glycerol nanodroplets of fluorogenic peptide substrates was used as a biosensor for the detection of multiple enzyme activities within human plasma. Using 10 different plasma proteases (kallikrein, factor XIIa, factor XIa, factor IXa, factor VIIa, factor Xa, thrombin, activated protein C, uPA and plasmin) and a 361-compound fluorogenic substrate library (Ac-Ala-P3-P2-Arg-coumarin for P = all amino acids except Cys), a database was created for deconvoluting the relative activity of each individual enzyme signal in human plasma treated with various activators (calcium, kaolin, or uPA). Three separate deconvolution protocols were tested: searching for "optimal" sensing substrate sequences for a set of 5 enzymes and using these substrates to detect protease signals in plasma; ranking the "optimal" sensing substrates for 10 proteases using local error minimization, resulting in a set of substrates which were bundled via weighted averaging into a super-pixel that had biosensing properties not obtainable by any individual fluorogenic substrate; and treating each 361-element map measured for each plasma preparation as a weighted sum of the 10 maps obtained for the 10 purified enzymes using a global error minimization. The similarity of the results from these latter two protocols indicated that a small subset of <90 substrates contained the majority of biochemical information. The results were consistent with the state of the coagulation cascade expected when treated with the given activators. This method may allow development of future biosensors using minimal and non-specific markers. These substrates can be applied to real-time diagnostic biosensing of complex protease mixtures.
Measurements of the<i>in vivo</i>synthesis of thromboxane and prostacyclin in humans (1988)

Our studies on the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha in humans strongly indicate that these metabolites are good indicators of the in vivo synthesis of TxA2 and PGI2. Our finding that physical exercise increases PGI2 synthesis was of particular importance for the design of adequate studies on the effects of various drugs on the in vivo formation of PGI2. The rapid recovery (within 3-4 h) of PGI2 formation found following administration of 1.0 g of aspirin together with the long-lasting inhibition of TxA2, suggests that in the prophylaxis of thromboembolic events an intermittent dosage of 0.5 g of aspirin every third day should be a better alternative than daily low or high doses of aspirin. The increased TxA2 formation found in patients with acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis and in patients following insertion of synthetic surfaces into the circulation, is very likely a reflection of an increased activation of platelets. The increased TxA2 synthesis may cause further platelet activation, vasoconstriction and activation of the coagulation system. Thus, theoretically, inhibition of TxA2 could diminish platelet activation and reduce the risk of thrombotic complications. It is well known that the interaction between platelets and the vessel wall plays an important role in haemostasis and in the development of thrombosis. On the basis of its biological properties, PGI2 may play a local haemostatic role in the regulation of this interaction. Our studies of myocardial infarction and deep vein thrombosis clearly demonstrate the involvement of PGI2 in those diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Position within the host intron is critical for efficient processing of box C/D snoRNAs in mammalian cells (2001)

In mammalian cells, all small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that guide rRNA modification are encoded within the introns of host genes. A database analysis of human box C/D snoRNAs revealed conservation of their intronic location, with a preference for 70-80 nt upstream of the 3' splice site. Transfection experiments showed that synthesis of gas5-encoded U75 and U76 snoRNAs dropped significantly for mutant constructs possessing longer or shorter spacers between the snoRNA and the 3' splice site. However, the position of the snoRNA did not affect splicing of the host intron. Substitution mutations within the spacer indicated that the length, but not the specific sequence, is important. A in vitro system that couples pre-mRNA splicing and processing of U75 has been developed. U75 synthesis in vitro depends on its box C and D sequences and requires an appropriate spacer length. Further mutational analyses both in vivo and in vitro, with subsequent mapping of the branch points, revealed that the critical distance is from the snoRNA coding region to the branch point, suggesting synergy between splicing and snoRNA release.
Cross Delay Line Detectors for High Time Resolution Astronomical Polarimetry and Biological Fluorescence Imaging (2006)

Ground based high time resolution astronomical polarimetry, imaging, and biological time-resolved molecular fluorescence lifetime imaging require specialized detectors. Photon counting detectors that combine high spatial resolution imaging with fast event timing capability for these uses have been a significant technical challenge. We have developed a high-temporal and spatial resolution, high-throughput sealed tube microchannel plate detector with electronic readout as tool for these applications. The design is based on a 25 mm diameter S20 photocathode followed by a microchannel plate stack, read out by a cross delay line anode with timing and imaging electronics. The detector supports 500 kHz global count rate, 10 kHz local count rate, 100 ps timing resolution and 40 /spl mu/m spatial resolution. We describe the performance of the detector, as well as imaging results obtained with quantum dots and live cells.
A screw motion approach to uniqueness analysis of head-eye geometry (2002)

The screw motion theory is used to solve a class of pose determination problems that can be characterized by a homogeneous transform equation of the form AX=XB, where A and B are known motions and X is an unknown coordinate transformation. Unlike existing methods, this method gives rise to a sound geometric interpretation that takes both rotation and translation into consideration. The author derives a screw congruence theorem and shows that the problem is to find a rigid transformation which will bring one group of lines to overlap another. He also provides a complete analysis of the conditions under which the solution can be uniquely determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dietary plasma proteins, the intestinal immune system, and the barrier functions of the intestinal mucosa1 (2008)

The intestinal mucosa contributes to homeostasis by preventing the entrance of biological and chemical agents across the epithelium that could alter the stability of the system. This protective function is especially important at the time of weaning, when animals are exposed to infectious agents and to numerous stresses such as the change of environment and diet. Diets supplemented with spray-dried plasma or plasma protein fractions have been shown to improve growth performance of farm animals and have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics. In this review, we summarize our findings on the mechanism of action of dietary plasma proteins using a rat model of intestinal inflammation, based on the administration of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). Staphylococcal enterotoxin B activates the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), increasing T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and the number of activated T lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes (organized GALT). In the lamina propria SEB increased cytotoxic T gammadelta and natural killer cell populations of the diffuse GALT. Staphyloccocal enterotoxin B significantly increased proinflammatory cytokines in Peyer's patches and mucosa. Plasma protein supplements modulated the mucosal immune response in organized and diffuse GALT, protecting GALT from possible excessive activation by the SEB challenge. These effects are accompanied by a reduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, supporting the view that changes in cytokine production mediate the effects of dietary plasma proteins during intestinal inflammation. The increase in mucosal permeability and intestinal secretion induced by SEB was associated with decreased expression of mucosal tight-junction and adherent-junction proteins. Both plasma and plasma protein fractions prevented the effects of SEB on intestinal permeability, thus reducing the exposure of the host to microbial and food antigens across the interstitial space. These findings indicate that dietary plasma proteins modulate functional and structural properties of the intestinal mucosa.
Collaborative Internet Worm Containment (2005)

Large-scale worm outbreaks that lead to distributed denial-of-service attacks pose a major threat to Internet infrastructure security. Fast worm containment is crucial for minimizing damage and preventing flooding attacks against network hosts.
Electrostatic collection of debris resulting from 193 nm laser etching of polyimide (1987)

Ablated debris produced by 193 nm laser irradiation of polyimide can be preferentially collected on charged wire or plate electrodes placed on the polymer surface. Scanning micrographs indicate several types of debris structure depending on laser fluence and applied potential. The fragment morphology and possible charging mechanisms are discussed. The collected debris is believed to consist of pure carbon.
Mechanical and Viscoelastic Property of Cured Bismaleimide-Biscyanamide Resin. (1997)

ビス (4-マレイミドフェニル) メタン (BMI) とビス [4- (4-シアナミド-3-メチルフェニル)] メタン (BCMM) とから, 加熱成型時に良好な溶融流動性を示すプレポリマーが得られるが, その硬化物の物性のモノマー組成比依存性について検討した. 両モノマーの付加反応の影響により, その硬化物の架橋密度はそれぞれ単体の架橋密度よりも小さくなる. また, 組成比がモル比でBMI: BCMM=1: 1のとき, その硬化物の架橋密度は最も低くなる. 硬化物のガラス転移点, 熱分解開始温度などの特性も, 架橋密度の場合と同様, BMI: BCMMの組成比が1: 1のとき最も低くなる傾向にあるが, 一方, 機械的強度はBCMMが20～30%で極大を持つことが分かった.
Determination of hydrogen by thermal conductivity detection-GC using helium carrier gas. (1989)

ガスクロマトグラフの熱伝導度検出器にヘリウムのキャリヤーガスを用いて,水素成分を含むガス試料の分析にカラムで分離した水素成分を酸化銅の触媒で水に酸化した.カラムと検出器の間に六方コックと酸化銅触媒を取り付け,カラムから分離した水素を六方コックを介して触媒に導入してから水に酸化して検出した.水素以外の成分は分離後,直接検出器に導入した.酸化銅触媒の温度は600℃以上が適していた.又,水素の酸化により酸化銅触媒は還元されて触媒の性能が劣化するので600℃に加熱した触媒管に空気を流して再生した.水素の定量精度は水素濃度が0.05,1.0,7.0,15.0,30.0,50.0,70.0及び90.0%(v/v)のガス試料において,相対標準偏差は4.40%以下であった.ナフサ中のガス成分の分析では,従来の熱伝導度検出-GC法に比べて本法が優れていることが分かった.