gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the active-site requirements of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: evaluation of substrate and product analogs as competitive inhibitors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssessment of the active-site requirements of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: evaluation of substrate and product analogs as competitive inhibitorsRainer M. Lueoend, Josef Walker, and Reinhard W. NeierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 18, 5005–5013Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00044a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00044a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views882Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of the Immune Response by Idiotypic-Antiidiotypic Interactions (1981)

THE antigen specificity of the antibody is determined by the variable (V) sequences of the hundred or so amino acid residues at the amino-terminal end of each of the heavy (H) and light (L) polypeptide chains of the antibody molecule (Fig. 1); the remaining constant amino acid sequences from the constant (C) domains determine the class of antibodies to which the molecule belongs.Two types of heterogeneity are present among antibody molecules. Heterogeneity I distinguishes about 20 classes of molecules in their C domains (isotypes) and distinguishes within each class a limited number of differences resulting from genetic polymorphism within . . .
Targeting of lipid vesicles: specificity of carbohydrate receptor analogues for leukocytes in mice. (1980)

The presence of particular surface carbohydrate modifications is shown to affect dramatically the stability and tissue specificity of unilamellar distearoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles in mice. Use of the gamma-ray probe 111In3+ permits analysis of tissue distributions by standard gamma counting techniques and determination of the structural integrity of the vesicles by perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. Addition of a 6-aminomannose derivative of cholesterol to the lipid bilayer produces initial retention of high levels of intact vesicles in the lung after intravenous injection followed by concentration of intact vesicles in the liver and spleen. Vesicles bearing 6-aminosugar residues are found to concentrate in the axillary space in aggregates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes when administered subcutaneously. The in vivo stability of 6-aminomannose-labeled vesicles is substantially greater after intravenous or subcutaneous administration than that observed for any other system examined. The dose-response effects observed with surface modifications indicate that a particular receptor topography is important in the mechanism leading to transport and destruction of these vesicles.
Electrospun Ceramic Nanofiber Mats Today: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2017)

Ceramic nanofibers (NFs) have recently been developed for advanced applications due to their unique properties. In this article, we review developments in electrospun ceramic NFs with regard to their fabrication process, properties, and applications. We find that surface activity of electrospun ceramic NFs is improved by post pyrolysis, hydrothermal, and carbothermal processes. Also, when combined with another surface modification methods, electrospun ceramic NFs result in the advancement of properties and widening of the application domains. With the decrease in diameter and length of a fiber, many properties of fibrous materials are modified; characteristics of such ceramic NFs are different from their wide and long (bulk) counterparts. In this article, electrospun ceramic NFs are reviewed with an emphasis on their applications as catalysts, membranes, sensors, biomaterials, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, energy harvesting systems, electric and magnetic parts, conductive wires, and wearable electronic textiles. Furthermore, properties of ceramic nanofibers, which enable the above applications, and techniques to characterize them are briefly outlined.
Gas Permeability of Shale (2012)

Summary Permeability is one of the most fundamental properties of any reservoir rock required for modeling hydrocarbon production. However, shale permeability has not yet been understood fully because of the complexities involved in modeling flow through nanoscale throats. In this paper, we analyze the effects of adsorbed layers of methane (CH4) and of gas slippage at pore walls on the flow behavior in individual conduits of simple geometry and in networks of such conduits. The network is based on scanning elecron microscope (SEM) images and a drainage experiment in shale. To represent the effect of adsorbed gas, the effective size of each throat in the network depends on the pressure. The hydraulic conductance of each throat is determined on the basis of the Knudsen number (Kn) criterion (Knudsen 1909). The combined effects of adsorption and slip depend strongly on pressure and on conduit diameter. The results indicate that laboratory measurements made with N2 at ambient temperature and 5-MPa pressure, which is typical for a transient pulse-decay (TPD) method, overestimate the gas permeability at early life of production by a factor of four. This ratio increases if the measurement is run at ambient condition because the low pressure enhances the slippage and reduces the thickness of the adsorbed layer. Moreover, the permeability increases nonlinearly as the in-situ pressure decreases during production. This effect contributes to mitigating the decline in the production rate of shale-gas wells. Laboratory data available in the literature for CH4 permeability at pressures below 7 MPa agree with model predictions of the effect of pressure.
PPAR γ insufficiency enhances osteogenesis through osteoblast formation from bone marrow progenitors (2004)

Based on the fact that aging is associated with a reciprocal decrease of osteogenesis and an increase of adipogenesis in bone marrow and that osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common progenitor, this study investigated the role of PPARγ, a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation, in bone metabolism. Homozygous PPARγ-deficient ES cells failed to differentiate into adipocytes, but spontaneously differentiated into osteoblasts, and these were restored by reintroduction of the PPARγ gene. Heterozygous PPARγ-deficient mice exhibited high bone mass with increased osteoblastogenesis, but normal osteoblast and osteoclast functions, and this effect was not mediated by insulin or leptin. The osteogenic effect of PPARγ haploinsufficiency became prominent with aging but was not changed upon ovariectomy. The PPARγ haploinsufficiency was confirmed to enhance osteoblastogenesis in the bone marrow cell culture but did not affect the cultures of differentiated osteoblasts or osteoclast-lineage cells. This study demonstrates a PPARγ-dependent regulation of bone metabolism in vivo, in that PPARγ insufficiency increases bone mass by stimulating osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow progenitors.
A Review on Research Progress on in vitro Regeneration and Transformation of Tomato (2016)

After potato tomato is the second major vegetable crop consumed all over the globe as raw and processed food. Due to its high demand its genetic improvement in respect to high yielding, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance etc. has been done by several peoples through transformation. Transformation is an emerging tool in crop improvement programme, which expands the source of genes for plant improvement to all species far beyond the gene pool accessible via sexual hybridization. The key component of transformation system is a most functional genomics approaches useful for developing various gene identification strategies and also offers strategies for over expressing or suppressing endogenous genes. The current review provides an overview of the research progress on regeneration and transformation of tomato in the last 15 years.
Brain energy metabolism and blood-brain barrier permeability in depressive patients: analyses of creatine, creatinine, urate, and albumin in CSF and blood. (1984)

A reliable method is described using high pressure liquid chromatography to measure creatine, creatinine, and urate in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood; albumin was analyzed by routine methods. Creatine and creatinine serve as indices of one aspect of brain energy metabolism, the creatine-creatine phosphate (CrP) shuttle. CSF levels have been adjusted to a set blood level by analysis of covariance. The ratios between CSF and blood concentrations of urate and albumin are two sensitive indices of impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Analyses were performed on 41 male and 58 female inpatients with RDC major depressive disorders, with a mean age of about 40 years. The CSF creatinine and creatine levels were highly positively age-dependent; this factor as well as possible influences of body habits were removed by way of analysis of covariance from all measures in focus. We describe positive, highly significant correlations between creatinine and monoamine metabolites (HVA and 5HIAA) and purine metabolites (hypoxanthine and xanthine) in CSF, and a strong negative correlation between both BBB permeability measures and the noradrenalin CSF metabolite MHPG. CSF creatinine was negatively linked with suicidal ideation and increased appetite. The BBB tended to be the more permeable the less melancholic the depression. No measure appeared to be dependent on depressive state. Comparisons of depressive subgroups revealed a higher CSF creatinine concentration in sporadic unipolar patients according to Winokur. A particularly wide variance in the albumin ratio was found in pure unipolars. Pure unipolars with an impaired BBB had a more protracted onset, were more suicidal, had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and lower plasma cortisol levels than those without. Impaired BBB was further linked with a slower EEG rhythm and higher systolic blood pressure. Results suggest significant contributions of brain energy metabolism and deranged BBB permeability in accounting for some aspects of neuronal transmission and modulation as well as the symptomatology of depressive illness.
Efficient Optimization of Photo Collage (2009)

Photo collage is an effective representation for photo summarization and visualization. However, its practical usage is limited by its high computational cost. In this paper, we present efficient optimization techniques based on a novel formulation on markov random fields and several insights unexploited by previous approaches. Our method achieves up to hundreds-fold performance improvement, and user/application specific constraints can be easily integrated. We present new applications including interactive collage refinement and dynamic collage for photo browsing. Preliminary evaluation and user study indicates that our approach extends the usability of photo collage. 1.
Interplay between Order and Disorder in the High Performance of Amorphous Transparent Conducting Oxides (2009)

We demonstrate, using first-principles calculations, that the exceptional behavior of amorphous transparent conducting oxides formed from In, Zn, Ga, and Al cations arises from the preservation of local crystal order in the cation centered polyhedra, which is maintained due to the strong charge transfer to oxygen. While tails of localized states may be created above the valence band, the highly delocalized conduction band remains unperturbed, offering effective n-type conduction despite the existence of long-range structural disorder. This is in direct contrast to the paradigm set by amorphous covalent semiconductors.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Conjugated Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanowire Mesocrystals for High-Performance NO<sub>2</sub> Gas Sensor (2012)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-conjugated Cu(2)O nanowire mesocrystals were formed by nonclassical crystallization in the presence of GO and o-anisidine under hydrothermal conditions. The resultant mesocrystals are comprised of highly anisotropic nanowires as building blocks and possess a distinct octahedral morphology with eight {111} equivalent crystal faces. The mechanisms underlying the sequential formation of the mesocrystals are as follows: first, GO-promoted agglomeration of amorphous spherical Cu(2)O nanoparticles at the initial stage, leading to the transition of growth mechanism from conventional ion-by-ion growth to particle-mediated crystallization; second, the evolution of the amorphous microspheres into hierarchical structure, and finally to nanowire mesocrystals through mesoscale transformation, where Ostwald ripening is responsible for the growth of the nanowire building blocks; third, large-scale self-organization of the mesocrystals and the reduction of GO (at high GO concentration) occur simultaneously, resulting in an integrated hybrid architecture where porous three-dimensional (3D) framework structures interspersed among two-dimensional (2D) rGO sheets. Interestingly, "super-mesocrystals" formed by 3D oriented attachment of mesocrystals are also formed judging from the voided Sierpinski polyhedrons observed. Furthermore, the interior nanowire architecture of these mesocrystals can be kinetically controlled by careful variation of growth conditions. Owing to high specific surface area and improved conductivity, the rGO-Cu(2)O mesocrystals achieved a higher sensitivity toward NO(2) at room temperature, surpassing the performance of standalone systems of Cu(2)O nanowires networks and rGO sheets. The unique characteristics of rGO-Cu(2)O mesocrystal point to its promising applications in ultrasensitive environmental sensors.
Study of Residual Stresses in the Barrel Processed by the Radial Forging (2009)

When the gun fires in rapid firing rate, serious factors such as the high ambient temperatures, thermal transients and corrosive-erosive environment existing at the bore surface limit the barrel life. Therefore, most of the current gunpsilas rifling is produced by the radial forging process of the high-alloy steel. The residual stresses in the forged product directly affect the fatigue strength, stress corrosion, shape accuracy and service life of the barrel. In this paper, a FEA software DEFORM-2D based on the Updated Lagrange formulation with a rigid-plastic material behavior was used for modeling and simulating the residual stresses of the rifling part in the barrel. The material was modeled with the elastic-plastic behavior, and sliding-sticking friction model was utilized to modeling the die-workpiece and mandrel-workpiece contact. The quantitative effects of process parameters on residual stresses were investigated which would provide a useful tool for optimizing the process.
LASH-TOR: a generic transition-oriented routing algorithm (2004)

Cluster networks are seen as the future access networks for multimedia streaming, e-commerce, network storage, etc. For these applications, performance and high availability are particularly crucial. Regular topologies are preferred when performance is the primary concern. However, due to spatial constraints or fault-related issues, the network structure may become irregular, which makes more difficult to find deadlock-free minimal paths. Over the recent years, several solutions have been proposed. One of them is the LASH routing, which enables minimal routing by assigning paths to different virtual layers. In this paper, we propose an extension of LASH in order to reduce the number of required virtual layers by allowing transitions between virtual layers. Evaluation results show that the new routing scheme (LASH-TOR) is able to obtain full minimal routing with a reduced number of virtual channels. For torus and mesh networks, with only two virtual channels, LASH throughput is increased by an average factor of improvement of 3.30 for large networks. For regular networks with some unconnected (faulty) links, equal performance improvements are achieved. Even for highly irregular networks of size up to 128 switches the new routing scheme only needs three virtual channels for guaranteeing minimal routing. Besides, LASH-TOR performs well compared to dimension order routing for mesh and torus networks.
轨道交通的产学研新模式——麻省理工学院/波多黎各地铁项目简介 (2007)

波多黎各于20世纪90年代初才开始发展城市轨道交通,但因为善于利用后发优势,通过产学研的结合,充分考虑了地铁工程的多学科特性,走出一条有波多黎各特色的道路,成为美国和国际公共交通领域技术交流的典范。主要介绍了其产学研的项目,它由负责地铁项目的政府主管部门、波多黎各大学和美国麻省理工学院共同组织实施,历经地铁前期规划、修建、调试、运营和政策分析等全部过程,共13年的时间。这种方式提高了工程的质量和施工效率,推动当地轨道交通辅助产业的发展,加快了新技术的应用及研究,培养了一大批轨道交通的规划运营人才,为拉丁美洲城市轨道交通建设提供了一个新模式。波多黎各的经验对于我国当前的城市轨道交通建设同样具有借鉴意义。
A Thermometer-Like Mismatch Shaping Technique With Minimum Element Transition Activity for Multibit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula> DACs (2014)

This brief presents a novel mismatch shaping technique for multibit delta-sigma digital-to-analog converters (DACs). It uses the intrinsic quantization noise to randomize the element selection. Different from most existing mismatch shaping techniques that increase the element transition activity, the proposed technique keeps the same transition rate as that for the basic thermometer coding scheme. As a result, it produces much lower intersymbol interference (ISI)-induced distortions. Moreover, it does not produce tones and can high-pass shape the mismatch errors, unlike thermometer coding that produces large distortions due to static mismatch. An efficient hardware implementation based on the vector-quantizer mismatch shaping framework is also presented. Simulations show that the proposed technique can significantly improve DAC linearity in the presence of both ISI and mismatch errors.
A Case Report (2009)

A 62-year-old male with hyperamylasemia was diagnosed as locally advanced pancreatic head cancer with extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion by abdominal CT and ERCP. He underwent a course of chemoradiotherapy with a total 50 Gy and systemic infusion of 600 mg/m2 Gemcitabine (GEM) and then intravenous administration of 800 mg/m2 GEM was instituted after chemoradiotherapy. After 2 courses of chemotherapy, the tumor dramatically shrank and the invasion of the extra-pancreatic nerve plexuses improved. Serum CA19-9 was also decreased to standard value. The patient successfully underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with no residual tumor, and showed no sign of recurrence 18 months after first visiting our hospital. In conclusion, chemoradiotherapy followed by systemic administration of GEM was effective for unresectable pancreatic cancer, and it may allow us to curatively resect the advanced pancreatic cancer.
Probabilistic Models for Relational Data (2004)

We introduce a graphical language for relational data called the probabilistic entityrelationship (PER) model. The model is an extension of the entity-relationship model, a common model for the abstract representation of database structure. We concentrate on the directed version of this model—the directed acyclic probabilistic entity-relationship (DAPER) model. The DAPER model is closely related to the plate model and the probabilistic relational model (PRM), existing models for relational data. The DAPER model is more expressive than either existing model, and also helps to demonstrate their similarity. In addition to describing the new language, we discuss important facets of modeling relational data, including the use of restricted relationships, self relationships, and probabilistic relationships. Many examples are provided.
All optical router based on OCDMA codes and SOA based devices (2005)

In this paper an overview over some of the techniques used nowadays to enable all-optical routing will be presented. The focus will be set on the techniques based on OCDMA codes. An out of band signaling will be explored, described and characterized in more detail. The potential of all-optical switching based on SOA's will also be observed within this application scope. Experimental measurements on all-optical routing of small packets will be presented and some conclusions about the overall performance will be drawn.
Periodic motion detection and segmentation via approximate sequence alignment (2005)

A method for detecting and segmenting periodic motion is presented. We exploit periodicity as a cue and detect periodic motion in complex scenes where common methods for motion segmentation are likely to fail. We note that periodic motion detection can be seen as an approximate case of sequence alignment where an image sequence is matched to itself over one or more periods of time. To use this observation, we first consider alignment of two video sequences obtained by independently moving cameras. Under assumption of constant translation, the fundamental matrices and the homographies are shown to be time-linear matrix functions. These dynamic quantities can be estimated by matching corresponding space-time points with similar local motion and shape. For periodic motion, we match corresponding points across periods and develop a RANSAC procedure to simultaneously estimate the period and the dynamic geometric transformations between periodic views. Using this method, we demonstrate detection and segmentation of human periodic motion in complex scenes with nonrigid backgrounds, moving camera and motion parallax.
Short Radius TTRD Well with Rig Assisted Snubbing on the Veslefrikk Field (2003)

Abstract During the turn of the year to 2003 the sidetrack A-19 A was drilled from the motherwell A-19 as a Through Tubing Rotary Drilling (TTRD) well, on the Veslefrikk Field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. A whipstock with holes to produce the motherwell through was set in the 5 in. liner. 4 1/8 in. polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit and 2 7/8 in. high torque motor with adjustable kick off (AKO) setting of 3.8° were run on 2 7/8 in. drill pipe through 5 ½ in. tubing. The sidetrack started with 25° inclination and the wellpath was horizontal after 24 m true vertical depth (TVD) drilled. An average dogleg severity (DLS) of 42° /30 m was achieved in the build up section. An 80 m horizontal section was drilled and geo-steered using gamma ray (GR) and multi propagation resistivity (MPR) measurements. The same bottom hole assembly (BHA) was used for the horizontal section as for the build up section of the sidetrack. A pre-perforated 2 7/8 in. liner was installed in the 4 1/8 in. open hole. The operations were performed using a Rig Assist Snubbing (RAS) unit in cooperation with the rig system. The pre and past-drilling operations were performed in underbalance while the drilling operation was in overbalance through the snubbing BOPs. The motherbore and the sidetrack were set in production immediately after the liner was run. In the future Statoil are looking at performing a similar drilling operation in underbalance. It should then be possible to make a sidetrack in approximately 10 days.