gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imposition of Safeguard Measures and Unforeseen Developments (2007)

WTO has certain protective clauses which allow the Members to provide their domestic industry temporary respite from the rigors of free market. Provision for safeguard measures under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Safeguards is one such provision that allows Members to restrict imports if there is serious injury to the domestic industry because of increase in imports. However, as held by the Appellate Body, it needs to be proved that increase in imports has been the result of unforeseen developments. The article critically analyzes the provision of unforeseen developments as interpreted by the Appellate Body and then examines whether the decision of the Appellate Body was correct in the light of the negotiating process.
Significant linkage between bipolar affective disorder and chromosome 12q24 (1998)

Chromosome 12q23-q24.1 has been implied by a few linkage and association studies as a candidate region for affective disorder. The present study investigated for linkage between bipolar affective disorder and 16 microsatellite markers covering chromosome 12q22-q24 in two Danish families. Assuming homogeneity and a dominant mode of inheritance, a significant two-point lod score of 3.37 was found at D12S1639, when only bipolar patients were considered as affected. The lod score was supported by neighbouring markers. The empirical P-value for this lod score was 0.00002. Non-parametric analyses using SimIBD supported this finding, with P-values of 0.00003 and 0.005 at D12S1639. An overlapping segment of chromosome 12q24 was shared among all except one of the bipolar patients, with apparently different haplotypes in each family.
A Preliminary Investigation of Graphite, Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) as Solid State Lubricants (2011)

Graphite is well known and has been extensively characterized in its performance as a solid state lubricant, but has not typically been successfully implemented for low voltage/current electrical contacts. Recent advances have shown that both graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) exhibit novel properties and could find potential use as solid state lubricants. A comparison of various properties including contact resistance and friction behavior on Au, Ag, and Sn surface finishes has been undertaken to explore the similarities and differences in these different forms of carbon.
InGaAs/InAlAs/InP collector-up microwave heterojunction bipolar transistors (1990)

Collector-up InGaAs/InAlAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were successfully fabricated, and their DC and microwave characteristics measured. High collector current density operation (J/sub c/>30 kA/cm/sup 2/) and high base-emitter junction saturation current density (J/sub 0/>10/sup -7/ A/cm/sup 2/) were achieved. A cutoff frequency of f/sub t/=24 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/=20 GHz at a collector current density of J/sub 0/=23 kA/cm/sup 2/ were achieved on a nominal 5- mu m*10- mu m device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tissue Distribution, Cellular Source, and Structural Analysis of Rat Immunoreactive Uroguanylin (1998)

Uroguanylin, a member of the guanylin peptide family, acts on guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) to regulate intestinal and renal fluid and electrolyte transport through the second messenger, cGMP. Using an antiserum raised against synthetic rat uroguanylin, we established an RIA and identified three endogenous molecular forms in the intestine and kidney: a 15-amino acid uroguanylin, an 18-amino acid uroguanylin that is a monobasic processing product, and a 9.4-kDa prouroguanylin. Prouroguanylin is the major molecular form in these two tissues, whereas only 15-amino-acid uroguanylin is present in the urine. Rat uroguanylin is most abundant in the proximal small intestine, its content decreasing toward the colon. Uroguanylin is present immunohistochemically in the endocrine cells in the intestine and stomach, B cells in the pancreatic islets, and tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. Uroguanylin has a widespread tissue distribution and is located in cells that function in an endocrine, paracrine, and/or luminocrine (luminal secretion) fashion. Uroguanylin may have physiological functions other than the regulation of fluid and electrolyte transport in the intestine and kidney.
Influence of EBC Coating on Tensile Properties of MI SiC/SiC Composites (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions
Capsaicin-Induced  -Adrenergic Action on Energy Metabolism in Rats: Influence of Capsaicin on Oxygen Consumption, the Respiratory Quotient, and Substrate Utilization (1986)

The mode of action of capsaicin on energy metabolism was investigated in rats. The oxygen consumption was higher when capsaicin (6.0 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected than when it was not injected. The respiratory quotient (R.Q.) increased and then decreased after the administration of capsaicin. The levels of serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin rapidly increased after the administration of capsaicin. Also, liver glycogen rapidly decreased, in contrast to the serum glucose concentration which rapidly increased. The serum-free fatty acid level gradually increased after the administration of capsaicin. These alterations in energy metabolism on the administration of capsaicin were similar to those in the metabolism of epinephrine, and were specifically inhibited by various beta-adrenergic blockers. On the other hand, the alterations were not affected by pretreatment with alpha-adrenergic or ganglion blockers. These results suggest that the mode of action of capsaicin on the enhancement of energy metabolism in rats comprises a direct (as an agonist) and/or an indirect (via catecholamine) beta-adrenergic action. Therefore, it was speculated that the adrenergic action of capsaicin resulted, at least in part, in a decrease in the perirenal adipose tissue weight and serum triglyceride concentration in rats fed a high fat diet supplemented with capsaicin (T. Kawada et al., J Nutr 116:1272-1278, 1986).
Update on rosacea pathogenesis and correlation with medical therapeutic agents. (2006)

The pathogenesis of rosacea is poorly understood, though clinical features of the disease are well-recognized. This article updates current views on mechanisms potentially associated with rosacea. Although data is limited, correlation with therapies is reviewed.
13.2: A Fourier Analysis of CRT Displays Considering the Mask Structure, Beam Spot Size, and Scan Pattern (1998)

Abstract We describe a method to obtain the 2D spectrum of mask‐transmitted image. This method is applied to the analysis of the horizontal resolution of CRTs and effects of scanning lines. The method is used to compare the characteristics of Aperture Grillez CRT and Shadow mask CRT.
Amino- and Chloromethylation of 8-Quinolinol. Mechanism of Preponderant ortho Substitution in Phenols under Mannich Conditions<sup>1a,b</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino- and Chloromethylation of 8-Quinolinol. Mechanism of Preponderant ortho Substitution in Phenols under Mannich Conditions1a,bJ. H. BURCKHALTER and ROBERT I. LEIBCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 4078–4083Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a104https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a104research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1432Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The provision of circuits to outside broadcast locations using spectrum within the UHF broadcasting bands (1990)

The demand for circuits for outside broadcasts has up to the present time been met by rented lines or spectrum specifically allocated for services ancillary to broadcasting. The use of rented lines to provide these circuits is now proving increasingly restrictive to outside broadcast operations. Programme and control circuits from the outside broadcast locations to the production centres can usually be engineered from available spectrum. However, problems arise in planning the reverse links which carry control, coordination, and audio monitoring circuits to the outside broadcast. These reverse links are commonly known as 'reverse bearers'. In line with a recommendation that UK broadcasters be encouraged to exploit the potential for sharing spectrum within the UHF television bands to maintain or expand services ancillary to broadcasting, it is proposed that reverse bearers are transmitted from UHF main transmitter sites, in the lower adjacent channels to broadcasting. The planning aspects of making such reverse bearer transmissions are discussed together, with the results of a system field trial carried out from the Crystal Palace television transmitting station, situated in South East London. The application of the findings are then considered in the future provision of an operational system to cover the London area. >
Aspects of the internal physics of InGaAs∕InAlAs quantum cascade lasers (2006)

We report on the results of our simulations of an InGaAs∕InAlAs midinfrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) designed to operate in continuous wave mode at room temperature [Beck et al., Science 295, 301 (2002)]. Our physical model of the device consists of a self-consistent solution of the subband population rate equations and accounts for all electron-longitudinal-optical phonon and electron-electron scattering rates, as well as an evaluation of the temperature of the nonequilibrium electron distribution. We also consider the role of the doping density and its influence on the electron dynamics. We found that the temperature of the nonequilibrium electron distribution differed significantly from the lattice temperature and that this temperature increased with applied electric field and current density, with coupling constants somewhat larger than analogous GaAs based midinfrared QCLs. Our simulations also reveal physical processes of the device that are not apparent from the experimental measurements, such as the role of electron-electron scattering.
<title>Innovative applications of laser technology in photovoltaics</title> (1997)

Use of suitable laser systems for photovoltaic devices production has received great attention in recent years, and lasers today's applications range from panel patterning to advanced doping. Mainly when crystalline and polycrystalline silicon are concerned, it seems that lasers can be usefully used to get high efficiency devices in industrial production plants. In this paper, we describe our studies on advanced laser applications for silicon solar cells processing: grooving, texturing, and doping experiments are reported, both on simple structures and on devices, with efficiency values ranging from 15.0% to 16.5%, according to the particular design used. Future developments on schedule in our laboratory, devised to increase cells efficiency and to facilitate lasers use in industrial plants are briefly overviewed.
A Novel Plasminogen Activator from Snake Venom (1995)

A novel plasminogen activator from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom (TSV-PA) has been identified and purified to homogeneity. It is a single chain glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 33,000 and an isoelectric point of pH 5.2. It specifically activates plasminogen through an enzymatic reaction. The activation of human native Glu-plasminogen by TSV-PA is due to a single cleavage of the molecule at the peptide bond Arg561-Val562. Purified TSV-PA, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of several tripeptide p-nitroanilide substrates, does not activate nor degrade prothrombin, factor X, or protein C and does not clot fibrinogen nor show fibrino(geno)lytic activity in the absence of plasminogen. The activity of TSV-PA was readily inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and by p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate. Oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of the N-terminal and the internal peptide sequences of TSV-PA were used for the amplification of cDNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction. This allowed the cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding TSV-PA from a cDNA library prepared from the venom glands. The deduced complete amino acid sequence of TSV-PA indicates that the mature TSV-PA protein is composed of 234 amino acids and contains a single potential N-glycosylation site at Asn161. The sequence of TSV-PA exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with other snake venom proteases: 66% with the protein C activator from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom, 63% with batroxobin, and 60% with the factor V activator from Russell's viper venom. On the other hand, TSV-PA shows only 21-23% sequence similarity with the catalytic domains of u-PA and t-PA. Furthermore, TSV-PA lacks the sequence site that has been demonstrated to be responsible for the interaction of t-PA (KHRR) and u-PA (RRHR) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.
Epitaxial growth of silicon by photochemical vapor deposition at a very low temperature of 200 °C (1986)

A novel Si epitaxial growth technique using mercury-sensitized photochemical vapor deposition has been developed. Epitaxial thin films (300–8000 Å) were grown on (100)Si substrates at 100–300 °C from a gas mixture of Si2H6+SiH2F2+H2 by irradiation of a low pressure mercury lamp (1849,2537 Å). The growth rate, plotted as a function of the reciprocal substrate temperature, represented an activation energy which was found to be a small value of 0.18 eV. Observation of the surface structure by reflective high-energy electron diffraction showed fine (100) streak patterns for films grown at 200 °C as well as at 250 and 300 °C.
Stable Colloid Additives For Engine Oils-Potential Improvement in Fuel Economy (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A series of stable colloid lubricant additives have been evaluated for their influence on vehicle fuel economy through modification of engine friction. The SAE J-1082 procedure was used to determine fuel consumption in tests conducted in a seven vehicle fleet exercise which showed encouraging improvements in fuel economy, especially in the SAE Urban cycle. In addition, an extended dynamometer test was conducted on the most promising colloid additive system. After 100 hours of test at 55 mph (road-load), fuel consumption was reduced by approximately 2% and engine friction was inferred to have been reduced by more than 10%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine oils treated with these stable colloid additives hold the promise of effecting important fuel savings over the total existing vehicle population within a minimum time frame.</div>
Is Retention Enough? Learning and Satisfaction of First-Generation College Seniors (2014)

Progress has been made in retaining and graduating traditional-age first-generation college students at four-year institutions. First-generation students, however, often experience college differently because of external factors, which can negatively influence their learning experience and overall satisfaction. This study explored learning and satisfaction measures of seniors at a small private university in the Midwest. Using Astin’s I-E-O model (1970), the following variables were considered: precollege student characteristics (input); academic engagement, co-curricular activities, campus relationships (environment); and satisfaction, learning (outcome). The sample consisted of seniors participating in NSSE and/or ETS MAPP (n=342). Findings confirmed that first-generation students typically worked more for pay, commuted, and had greater financial need. Results of the analysis of learning and satisfaction however, indicated no difference between the two groups (p
The Effects of pH and Levels of Organic Matter on the Death Rates of Salmonellas in Chicken Scald‐tank Water (1981)

The immersion scalding of chicken carcases at 52°C for 2.5 min was found to result in the accumulation of bacteria and organic matter in the water. Disassociation of ammonium urate present in chicken faeces caused the pH value of the water to fall rapidly from 8.4 to 6.0. This pH was maintained for most of the time the tank was in operation. The change in pH value greatly increased the heat resistance of some common salmonella serotypes with a strain of Salmonella typhimurium being the most resistant, having a D52°C value of 34.5 min. The pH value of the water was found to be close to the optimum for the heat resistance of salmonellas. In scald water at pH 5.9–6.0 the death rate of Salm. typhimurium was shown to be independent of organic matter levels indicating that pH was the major influence on heat resistance.
Concurrent and Sequential Administration of Chemotherapy and the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Temsirolimus in Human Cancer Cells and Xenografts (2009)

Combined treatment with temsirolimus and chemotherapy had a greater therapeutic effect than monotherapy; concurrent scheduling was more effective for PC-3 and LnCaP cells and xenografts that were sensitive to temsirolimus.
Methyl exchange on silicon during the addition of methylmagnesium iodide to a cyanohydrin O-silyl ether (1999)

Reaction of [13C]methylmagnesium iodide (99 atom% 13C) with cyanohydrin O-trimethylsilyl ether 1, followed by acidic hydrolysis, led to the formation of a methyl ketone derivative 2a that was only partially labelled (60 ± 5 atom% 13C); this loss of labelling occurred through a methyl exchange reaction on silicon as shown by the presence on intermediate 2b of [13C]methyl groups on silicon (30 atom% 13C).
Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties of nanocrystalline Er<sup>3+</sup>and Yb<sup>3+</sup>doped Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>exposed to β-rays (2005)

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) characterization of Er3+ and Yb3+ doped Y3Al5O12 nanocrystalline samples prepared by the precipitation process and exposed to β-rays are discussed. The TL as well as the OSL were two orders of magnitude higher in Er3+ doped than in Yb3+ specimens. The charge trapping and the radiative thermally stimulated recombination processes in Y3Al5O12 : Er3+ involve four trapping states at 166, 243, 342 and 424 °C, but just two trapping levels at 219 and 413 °C for Y3Al5O12 : Yb3+ at a heating rate of 10 °C s−1. The photostimulation with 470 nm light causes in both phosphors a radiative recombination of the optically free charge carriers belonging to the same trapping states. The TL and the OSL as a function of radiation dose behaviour were linear in the 10–100 Gy dose range. The results provide evidence of the potential uses of these materials in radiation storage and dosimeter devices.
Editorial (1995)

Journal Article Editorial Get access KRYSIA BRODA, KRYSIA BRODA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARCELLO D'AGOSTINO, MARCELLO D'AGOSTINO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RAJEEV GORÉ, RAJEEV GORÉ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROB JOHNSON, ROB JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar STEVE REEVES STEVE REEVES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Logic Journal of the IGPL, Volume 3, Issue 6, October 1995, Page 826, https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/3.6.826 Published: 01 October 1995
Robust and low-complexity blind source separation for meeting rooms (2017)

The aim of this work is to provide robust, low-complexity demixing of sound sources from a set of microphone signals for a typical meeting scenario where the source mixture is relatively sparse in time. We define a similarity matrix that characterizes the similarity of the spatial signature of the observations at different time instants within a frequency band. Each entry of the similarity matrix is the sum of a set of kernelized similarity measures, each operating on a single frequency bin. The kernelization leads to high robustness as it reduces the importance of outliers. Clustering by means of affinity propagation provides the separation of talkers without the need to specify the number of talkers in advance. The clusters can be used directly for separation, or they can be used as a global pre-processing method that identifies sources for an adaptive demixing procedure. Our experimental results confirm that the approach performs significantly better than two reference methods.
Functional trimethylphosphine derivatives. 21. (Phosphinomethyl)aluminum compounds: phosphinomethyl-bridged dimers and x-ray structures of [Me2AlCH2PMe2]2 and [ClAl(CH2PMe2)2]2 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional trimethylphosphine derivatives. 21. (Phosphinomethyl)aluminum compounds: phosphinomethyl-bridged dimers and x-ray structures of [Me2AlCH2PMe2]2 and [ClAl(CH2PMe2)2]2Hans H. Karsch, Armin Appelt, Frank H. Koehler, and Gerhard MuellerCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 2, 231–238Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00121a004https://doi.org/10.1021/om00121a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts