gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical design method of self-shielded planar coils (1990)

An analytical design method of self-shielded planar coils is proposed using the three-dimensional Fourier expansion of the magnetic field generated by planer currents. A numerical example is given for a simple current hoop as a primary coil, and the magnetic fields outside the self-shielded coil structure are calculated, showing good shield performance.
The Preparation of Triarylsulfonium Halides by the Action of Aryl Grignard Reagents on Diphenyl Sulfoxide (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Triarylsulfonium Halides by the Action of Aryl Grignard Reagents on Diphenyl SulfoxideBernard S. Wildi, Sheldon W. Taylor, and H. A. PotratzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 1965–1967Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Role of V3-Specific Antibodies in Neutralization Assays Involving Primary and Laboratory-Adapted Isolates of HIV Type 1 (1995)

To identify epitopes important in neutralizing primary HIV-1 isolates, we have selectively depleted HIV-1 sera of antibodies specific for the third hypervariable region (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, and then assessed the functional consequences of such depletion in neutralization assays. The nucleotide sequence of the V3 loop region from HIV-1 PBMC DNA was determined for three HIV-1-infected patients, corresponding peptides were synthesized, and then subsequently used for V3 depletion of the patient sera. Depletion using a single clade B V3 peptide was capable of depleting > 98% of binding antibodies to multiple clade B V3 peptides, including those with changes within the GPGX tip of the loop. Depleted and undepleted sera were studied for their ability to neutralize both laboratory-adapted HIV-1MN and two primary HIV-1 isolates with known V3 sequences, using a viral infectivity reduction assay. While the majority of HIV-1MN neutralization was lost on V3 depletion, the loss in neutralization capacity against primary isolates by these same V3-depleted sera was substantially less pronounced. This suggests that V3 peptide-specific antibodies within HIV-1 serum play a fundamentally different role in mediating neutralization in assays involving laboratory-adapted and primary isolates and implicates antibodies with epitope specificities outside of V3 as major determinants in neutralization assays involving primary isolates.
An approach to validation of software architecture model (2005)

Software architectures shift developers' focus from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their interconnection structure. However, the benefits of architecture description languages (ADLs) cannot be fully captured without an automated realization of software architecture designs because manually shifting from a model to its implementation is error-prone. We propose an integrated approach for automatically translating software architecture design models to an implementation and validating the translation as well as the implementation by exploring runtime verification technique and aspect-oriented programming. Specifically, system properties are not only verified against design models, but also verified during the execution of the generated implementation of software architecture design. A prototype tool, SAM Parser, is developed to demonstrate the approach on SAM (Software Architecture Model). In SAM Parser, all the realization and verification code can be automatically generated without human intervention. In this paper, we first brief describe the approach report on a case study conducted at an e-commerce scenario, an online shopping system to assess the benefits of automated realization of software architecture design and validation in a Web service domain.
Abstract 213: The Late Phase of Ischemic Preconditioning Is Abrogated by a Specific Prostaglandin I2 Receptor Antagonist (2007)

Previous studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates the late phase of ischemic preconditioning (PC) by producing various cardioprotective prostanoids including prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) and prostaglandin (PG) E 2 (PGE 2 ). Prostanoids are known to act via activation of specific receptors. However, the specific PG receptors responsible for the salubrious actions of COX-2 in PC and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury remain unclear. The PGI 2 receptor (IP) mediates the actions of PGI 2 and PGE 2 , the two major COX-2-derived prostanoids with cardioprotective properties. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to determine the role of the IP in late PC. C57BL/6 mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion (O) followed by 24 h of reperfusion (R). Administration of the IP receptor selective antagonist, RO 3244794 (group III, 10 mg/kg i.p.), 30 min prior to the 30-min O had no appreciable effect on infarct size compared with untreated and vehicle-treated groups (68.4 ± 1.2 % vs. 63.3 ± 3.1 % and 65.6 ± 3.9 % of the risk region, respectively). When mice were preconditioned with six cycles of 4-min O/4-min R 24 h prior to the 30-min O, infarct size was markedly reduced (group IV, 33.2 ± 2.9 %), indicating a late PC effect. In the vehicle-treated late PC group, infarct size (group V, 37.2 ± 4.9 %) was similar to the late PC group, indicating the vehicle had no effect. However, the protective effect of late PC was completely abrogated by administration of RO 3244794 30 min before the 30-min O (group VI, 63.8 ± 4.5 %). We conclude that the IP receptor is an obligatory mediator of the late phase of ischemic PC in vivo , suggesting that pharmacologic manipulations of this receptor may be therapeutically useful.
Mesomorphism of a tetrahedral zinc complex (2004)

Thermotropic smectic phases have been observed for the first time in a zinc coordination complex with tetrahedral geometry; this complex, which contains the pyrazole dimer bis[3,5-bis(p-decyloxyphenyl)pyrazolyl]ethane as the ligand, exhibits fluorescence.
Multiple GPS receiver multipath mitigation technique (2002)

The applications using differential GPS (DGPS) have grown in recent years, and the dominant error source for many DGPS techniques is reference receiver multipath. As a result, there is great interest in reducing reference receiver multipath, especially for safety-critical applications such as DGPS-based precision landing. A new method for reducing code and carrier-phase multipath is presented which uses measurements from multiple receivers in order to obtain accurate estimates of code or carrier phase multipath. Using this method, a least-squares condition adjustment is performed to generate a multipath estimate for each individual receiver/satellite pair. It does so on an epoch by epoch basis, so no filtering over time is required, and no initialisation period is necessary. Static and dynamic test results using this method are presented. For these tests, code differential positioning is performed with and without the adjustment, and it is shown that the adjustment significantly improves positioning accuracy. It is also demonstrated that the condition adjustment can enhance carrier-phase integer ambiguity resolution.
Use of infrared thermography to detect inflammation caused by contaminated growth promotant ear implants in cattle. (1999)

Thermal imaging of the ears of feedlot cattle is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be used to identify cattle with abscesses caused by contaminated growth-promotant implants.
The Preparation of Large Volumes of Homogeneous, Sterile Liposomes Containing Various Lipophilic Cytostatic Drugs by the Use of a Capillary Dialyzer (1986)

A dialysis method for the preparation of large volumes of stable and homogeneous bilayer liposomes under sterile conditions was developed. The equipment consists of a disposable hemodialysis capillary dialyzer connected to two reservoirs through which the micelle/liposome solution is pumped in a closed circuit. The detergent is removed by a countercurrent flow of the dialysis buffer. Homogeneous, detergent free liposome preparations totaling 100 ml with lipid concentrations ranging from 5 to 25 mg/ml can be prepared within 2-4 hours. Greater lipid concentrations or larger batch volumes can be obtained with dialyzing cartridges allowing for higher detergent clearing performances. The incorporation of lipophilic derivatives of the cytostatic drugs 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) and 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxy uridine (FUdR) is nearly quantitative, and stable, homogeneous bilayer liposomes of about 100 nanometers in diameter are obtained. Liposomes with prodrug concentrations of 2 to 10 mg per milliliter can be prepared depending upon the lipid amounts used. Free ara-C or generally small and water soluble molecules however, cannot be encapsulated within the liposomes due to quantitative loss during dialysis.
On Almost Periodic Solutions for Undamped Systems with Almost Periodic Forcing (1972)

Using the method of averaging, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of an almost periodic solution of an undamped oscillatory system with almost periodic forcing, and show that these can be applied to a Duffing equation with almost periodic forcing provided the nonlinear term is sufficiently small, and the natural frequency of the linear part of the system is included in the set of Fourier exponents of the forcing function.
Thermal and mechanical properties of a poly(ethylene oxide-b-isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) block polymer complexed with sodium thiocyanate (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal and mechanical properties of a poly(ethylene oxide-b-isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) block polymer complexed with sodium thiocyanateC. Robitaille and J. Prud'hommeCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 4, 665–671Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00238a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00238a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of OH radicals produced by pulsed discharges on the surface of a liquid (2011)

The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in plasma chemistry at atmospheric pressure. OH radicals have a higher oxidation potential compared with other oxidative species such as free radical O, atomic oxygen, hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and ozone. In this study, surface discharges on liquids (water and its solutions) were investigated experimentally. A pulsed streamer discharge was generated on the liquid surface using a point-to-plane electrode geometry. The primary generation process of OH radicals is closely related to the streamer propagation, and the subsequent secondary process after the discharge has an influence on the chemical reaction. Taking into account the timescale of these processes, we investigated the behavior of OH radicals using two different diagnostic methods. Time evolution of the ground-state OH radicals above the liquid surface after the discharge was observed by a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. In order to observe the ground-state OH, an OH [A 2∑+(v' = 1) ← X 2Π(v'' = 0)] system at 282 nm was used. As the secondary process, a portion of OH radicals diffused from gas phase to the liquid surface and dissolved in the liquid. These dissolved OH radicals were measured by a chemical probe method. Terephthalic acid was used as an OH radical trap and fluorescence of the resulting 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid was measured. This paper directly presents visualization of OH radicals over the liquid surface by means of LIF, and indirectly describes OH radicals dissolved in water by means of a chemical method.
Distribution and functional consequences of nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region of the human Sep15 gene. (2001)

Selenium has been shown to prevent cancer in a variety of animal model systems. Both epidemiological studies and supplementation trials have supported its efficacy in humans. However, the mechanism by which selenium suppresses tumor development remains unknown. Selenium is present in known human selenoproteins as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Sec is inserted cotranslationally in response to UGA codons within selenoprotein mRNAs in a process requiring a sequence within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), referred to as a Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Recently, a human Mr 15,000 selenoprotein (Sep15) was identified that contains an in-frame UGA codon and a SECIS element in the 3'-UTR. Examination of the available cDNA sequences for this protein revealed two polymorphisms located at position 811 (C/T) and at position 1125 (G/A) located within the 3'-UTR. Here, we demonstrate significant differences in Sep15 allele frequencies by ethnicity and that the identity of the nucleotides at the polymorphic sites influences SECIS function in a selenium-dependent manner. This, together with genetic data indicating loss of heterozygosity at the Sep15 locus in certain human tumor types, suggests that Sep15 may be involved in cancer development, risk, or both.
Cytotoxicity, DNA cross-linking, and single strand breaks induced by activated cyclophosphamide and acrolein in human leukemia cells. (1986)

The in vitro cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide (CP) were studied in a dual cell culture system, using rat hepatocytes and K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cytotoxicity and DNA damage were measurable in K562 cells using CP concentrations that are clinically attainable. Alkaline elution analysis of cellular DNA demonstrated the presence of concentration- and time-dependent DNA interstrand cross-links, DNA-protein cross-links, and DNA single strand breaks in K562 cells following a 1-h exposure to cyclophosphamide activated by hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-activated CP was 3 to 4 times more potent than phosphoramide mustard with regard to cytotoxicity and induction of DNA interstrand cross-links. Exposure to phosphoramide mustard did not produce single strand breaks, but exposure of K562 cells to acrolein resulted in substantial levels of single strand breaks. The demonstration of acrolein-induced single strand breaks following exposure to activated CP is a novel finding and suggests that acrolein may have a role in the cytotoxicity of CP.
The oxidative coupling of methane over alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth oxides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe oxidative coupling of methane over alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth oxidesJeffrey M. DeBoy and Robert F. HicksCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 9, 1577–1582Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00081a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00081a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views775Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
REGENERATION IN ROOT CUTTINGS IN <i>TARAXACUM OFFICINALE</i> II. EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS HORMONES ON ROOT SEGMENTS AND ROOT CALLUS CULTURES (1974)

SUMMARY In long root cuttings of Taraxacum , the regeneration of shoots was promoted by kinetin and the regeneration of roots by IAA, each hormone reversing the normal polarity of regeneration when applied at high concentrations. However, IAA stimulated shoot regeneration and kinetin root regeneration when used at low concentrations. A callus culture, derived from Taraxacum root, required both auxin and cytokinin for growth. At a given level of cytokinin, callus regenerated shoots when the auxin level was low and roots when it was high. A cytokinin from Taraxacum roots promoted callus growth and shoot regeneration in both callus and short root cuttings. Gibberellic acid had no stimulatory effect on organogenesis in either root cuttings or callus cultures.
Role of Side-chains in the Cooperative β-Hairpin Folding of the Short C−Terminal Fragment Derived from Streptococcal Protein G (2000)

A short C-terminal fragment of immunoglobulin-binding domain of streptococcal protein G is known to form nativelike beta-hairpin at physiological conditions. To understand the cooperative folding of the short peptide, eight Ala-substituted mutants of the fragment were investigated with respect to their structural stabilities by analyzing temperature dependence of NMR signals. On comparison of the obtained thermodynamic parameters, we found that the nonpolar residues Tyr45 and Phe52 and the polar residues Asp46 and Thr49 are crucial for the beta-hairpin folding. The results suggest a strong interaction between the nonpolar side chains that participates in a putative hydrophobic cluster and that the polar side chains form a fairly rigid conformation around the loop (46-51). We also investigated the complex formation of the mutants with N-terminal fragment at the variety of temperature to get their thermal unfolding profiles and found that the mutations on the residues Asp46 and Thr49 largely destabilized the complexes, while substitution of Asp47 slightly stabilized the complex. From these results, we deduced that both the hydrophobic cluster formation and the rigidity of the loop (46-51) cooperatively stabilize the beta-hairpin structure of the fragment. These interactions which form a stable beta-hairpin may be the initial structural scaffold which is important in the early folding events of the whole domain.
Distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in embryonic chicken neural retina and isolated inner limiting membrane (1994)

Quantitative distribution of proteoglycans was studied in retinal neural epithelium and its basement membrane (inner limiting membrane). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were primarily associated with both inner and outer plexiform (synaptic) layers, and inner limiting membrane (ILM), as determined by autoradiographs of lyase-digested cryosections. Based on distribution of 35S-sulfate-labeled proteoglycans, the isolated ILM contained on average approximately three fourths of its proteoglycans as HSPGs and one fourth as chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (CS/DSPGs), whereas the remaining retina contained approximately equal amounts of the two proteoglycans (PGs). Immunohistochemical staining indicates that the core proteins of the HSPGs in the ILM are distinct from those of the plexiform layers. The photoreceptor layer, which other studies have shown to contain much of the extracellular CS/DSPGs, was not examined. Enrichment of distinct HSPGs in the ILM and plexiform layers support the conclusion that the HSPGs may be intimately involved in the different developmental events characterizing the two regions: development and extension of ganglion cell axons in the former, synaptogenesis and neuronal function in the latter.
Digital Pulse Width Modulation for Class-D Audio Amplifiers (2006)

Digital audio data storage mediums have long been used within the consumer market.Today, because of the advancement of processor clock speeds and increased MOSFET switching capabilities, digital audio data formats can be directly amplified using power electronic inverters.These amplifiers known as Class-D have an advantage over there analogue counterparts because of their high efficiency.This thesis deals with the signal processing algorithms necessary to convert the digital audio data obtained from the source to a digital pulse width modulated signal which controls a full bridge inverter for audio amplification.These algorithms address difficulties experienced in the past which prevented high fidelity digital pulse width modulators to be implemented.The signal processing algorithms are divided into modular blocks, each of which are defined in theory, designed and simulated in Matlab and then implemented within VHDL firmware.These firmware blocks are then used to realize a Class-D audio amplifier.