gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatische Prozesse bei der Verarbeitung von Kartoffeln (1983)

Abstract Die enzymatisch abbaubaren Bestandteile der Kartoffel – Stärke, Eiweiß, Faser‐ und Pektinstoffe – werden einleitend vorgestellt, und besonders wird die Anwendung von Amylasen (bakterielle α‐Amylase, Glucoamylase) bei der Verflüssigung und Verzuckerung reiner Kartoffelstärke, bei der enzymatischen Direktverzuckerung und in der Kartoffelbrennerei beschrieben. Einsatzgebiete für bakterielle α‐Amylase sind auch die Gewinnung diätetisch wirksamer Kartoffelsäfte und ein relativ neues Verfahren, mit dessen Hilfe Abfälle aus der Kartoffelprodukte‐Herstellung (Chips, Pommes Frites) so aufgearbeitet werden, daß sie optimale Ergebnisse in der Schweinemast gewährleisten bzw.einer Alkoholgewinnungsanlage zugeführt werden können. Sonstige Erfahrungen, z. B. bei der Behandlung von Kartoffelpülpe, einem der Abfallprodukte der Kartoffelstärkeherstellung, mit Pektinasen, Cellulasen und Amylasen sowie eine Darstellung der Möglichkeiten zur Modifizierung von Kartoffeleiweiß, bilden den Abschluß des Artikels.
Is clinical remission the optimum therapeutic goal in the treatment of Crohn's disease? (2002)

Currently, the therapeutic end-point in the treatment of Crohn's disease is the remission of symptoms, but recent data confirm that mucosal inflammation may continue in the absence of symptoms. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that such subtle, sub-clinical mucosal inflammation leads to clinical relapse. The assessment of mucosal inflammation has become easier with the availability of faecal calprotectin assay. Current anti-inflammatory therapy often leaves low-grade mucosal inflammation untreated, and therefore recurrent relapses occur. We need to investigate whether the therapeutic end-point of anti-inflammatory medications needs to be more rigorous and to aim at complete mucosal healing, confirmed by the normalization of mucosal inflammatory markers such as faecal calprotectin concentrations. Immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine/ 6-mercaptopurine currently offers the best mucosal healing treatment with reduction of relapses, but newer biological agents might offer less toxic therapy. Clinical trials to test the feasibility and efficacy of such a paradigm shift in the medical management of Crohn's disease are now warranted.
Effect of hyaluronidase and methylprednisolone on myocardial function, glucose metabolism, and coronary flow in the isolated ischemic rat heart. (1977)

Ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart resulted in an increase in coronary vascular resistance. Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of hyaluronidase and methylprednisolone on this increase in resistance as well as on glycolytic rate and mechanical function of ischemic hearts. Neither hyaluronidase nor methylprednisolone affected the rate of glucose utilization in working perfused control or ischemic rat hearts. However, both agents prevented a reduction in coronary flow during a 2-hour ischemic period. Associated with the higher coronary flows were higher tissue concentrations of creatine phosphate and lower concentrations of lactate. These agents also prevented accumulation of tissue water in the ischemic hearts. Such changes would appear to be beneficial to the ischemic heart, although mechanical function of post-ischemic hearts was not enhanced by the presence of either hyaluronidase or methylprednisolone. The results, however, suggest that the reduction in myocardial infarct size noted with hyaluronidase and methylprednisolone may be due to their prevention of further reduction of coronary flow in marginally eschemic tissue.
Connecting Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes through Innate Immunity (2012)

The escalating epidemic of obesity has driven the prevalence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus to historically high levels. Chronic low-grade inflammation, which is present in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics, contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The accumulation of activated innate immune cells in metabolic tissues results in release of inflammatory mediators, in particular, IL-1β and TNFα, which promote systemic insulin resistance and β-cell damage. In this article, we discuss the central role of innate immunity and, in particular, the macrophage in insulin sensitivity and resistance, β-cell damage, and autoimmune insulitis. We conclude with a discussion of the therapeutic implications of this integrated understanding of diabetic pathology.
9.1: Development of a 5.1 Inch Field Emission Display (1998)

Abstract A 5.1‐inch, high voltage, full‐color, quarter VGA field emission display (FED) has been developed for use in applications requiring high brightness, wide viewing angle, and thin package space. The display is an engineering platform used to further develop the FED and associated technologies. The Spindt tip array, with a pixelated anode, produces a uniform, crisp image. Thin, modular, low power electronics drive the display. A NTSC controller is included in the display and simplifies user operation using standard interfaces.
Lactoferrin attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolic dysfunctions by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis and down-regulating inflammation in C57BL/6J mice (2018)

Lactoferrin was reported to exert modulatory effects on lipid metabolism, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of lactoferrin and their underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Oral administration of lactoferrin at 100 mg per body weight for 15 weeks significantly reduced weight gain, visceral adiposity, and serum glucose, leptin, and lipid levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Hepatic steatosis in the obese mice was significantly improved. Expression of adipogenic and inflammation-related genes and proteins (SREBP-1c, FAS, MCP-1, leptin) was suppressed in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of the obese mice. The present findings demonstrate that lactoferrin positively regulated lipid metabolism and improved hepatic steatosis in obese mice. The mechanisms of action for these effects may be attributed to suppression of lipogenic gene expression and amelioration of inflammation in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue.
A 64-4096 point FFT/IFFT/Windowing Processor for Multi Standard ADSL/VDSL Applications (2007)

A programmable 64-4096 point FFT/ IFFT/Windowing processor for DSL applications is discussed. Dynamic scaling, computation restructuring in terms of radix-2 butterfly and clustered computation power down methods are presented. The single multiplier based 360 MHz design occupies 0.38 sqmm of area in 90 nm process and consumes 19.8 mW of dynamic power for a 4096 point computation.
The Effect of Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Properties of a Li-La-Ti-O-coated Li[Ni<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>Cathode (2010)

A <TEX>$Li[Ni_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}]O_2$</TEX> cathode was modified by coating with Li-La-Ti-O, and the effect of the coating thickness on their electrochemical properties was studied. The thickness of the coating on the surface of <TEX>$Li[Ni_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}]O_2$</TEX> was increased by increasing the wt % of the coating material. The rate capability of the Li-La-Ti-O-coated electrode was superior to that of the pristine sample. 1- and 2-wt %-coated samples showed considerable improvement in capacity retention at high C rates. However, the rate capability of a 5-wt %-coated sample decreased. All the coated samples showed a high discharge capacity and slightly improved cyclic performance under a high cut-off voltage (4.8 V) condition. Results of a storage test confirmed that the Li-La-Ti-O coating layer was effective in suppressing the dissolution of the transition metals as it offered protection from the attack of the acidic electrolyte. In particular, the 2- and 5-wt %-coated samples showed a better protection effect than the 1-wt %-coated sample.
Assembly planning in a virtual environment (2002)

This paper presents novel tools to assist manual assembly in an virtual environment. While assembling virtual components, the user's actions are logged and an assembly plan is produced. Prototyping is reduced and concurrency is enhanced using such tools. Successful pilot studies have now been completed.
Development of Basic Processing Technology for Bearing Quality Silicon Nitride Balls. (1977)

This is the Final Report on the Development of Basic Processing Technology for Bearing Quality Silicon Nitride Balls. Substantial rolling contact fatigue life data generated on balls has demonstrated the potential of this material for reliable long life. To provide a cost-effective manufacturing technology, fabrication of rough spheres directly from silicon nitride powder was undertaken. These were finished into 17.5mm size balls to generate rolling contact fatigue life data comparable to that available in the literature.
Improving toxicology knowledge in preclinical medical students using high-fidelity patient simulators. (2011)

This study suggests that HFPS may be a valuable tool in helping to improve toxicology knowledge in second-year MS at a key transition period prior to beginning clerkship experiences. Incorporation of HFPS into PBL curricula may also be beneficial to MS in other areas of study where interactive learning could assist in evoking emotional realism while also enhancing critical thinking and acquisition of knowledge thereby facilitating the transition from theory to practice.
Differentiating 180° and 90° switching of ferroelectric domains with three-dimensional piezoresponse force microscopy (2000)

Three-dimensional (3D) piezoresponse force microscopy is applied in order to differentiate 90° and 180° domain switching in PbTiO3 (PTO) thin films. The 3D domain configuration is recorded both statically, revealing the surface crystallographic orientation of PTO films on the nanometer scale, and dynamically by simultaneously mapping the in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis loops. We show that exclusively 180° switching occurs, also switching only half of the grain volume.
Computing and using reputations for internet ratings (2001)

Ratings for products and services are increasingly important on the Internet, as they allow users to harvest the wisdom of the community in making decisions. However, the difficulty with ratings is that little is known about the people providing them. Interpreting ratings well requires that the reputations of raters be factored into the scores computed for rated objects, even though these reputations are not explicitly available. Taking advantage of the insight that reputation can be computed implicitly from ratings, this paper addresses the reputation problem for raters and its application to evaluating rated objects. We develop a general method to automatically compute reputations for raters based on the ratings they and others give to objects, and incorporate these reputations to generate value-added information about rated objects. We evaluate our mechanisms by performing experiments on data from major rating sites, and show that they have the desired properties of a good reputation system. In the process, we analyze some key characteristics of different types of Internet ratings. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into automatically computing raters'reputations and applying these reputations to better evaluate rated objects.
Doped Organic Semiconductors: Trap‐Filling, Impurity Saturation, and Reserve Regimes (2015)

A typical human being carries billions of silicon‐based field‐effect transistors in his/her pockets. What makes these transistors work is Fermi level control, both by doping and field effect. Organic semiconductors are the core of a novel flexible electronics age, but the key effect of doping is still little understood. Here, precise handling is demonstrated for molar doping ratios as low as 10 −5 in p‐ and n‐doped organic thin‐films by vacuum co‐sublimation, allowing comprehensive studying of the Fermi level control over the whole electronic gap of an organic semiconductor. In particular, dopant saturation and reserve regimes are observed for the first time in organic semiconductors. These results will allow for completely new design rules of organic transistors with improved long term stability and precise parameter control.
Antimicrobial activity of hop extracts against foodborne pathogens for meat applications (2014)

Antimicrobial hop extracts could be used as natural preservatives in food applications to extend the shelf life and to increase the safety of fresh products.
Contributions of Aspartate 49 and Phenylalanine 142 Residues of a Tight Binding Inhibitory Protein of β-Lactamases (1999)

beta-Lactamases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics to render them inactive. The beta-lactamase inhibitor protein (BLIP) of Streptomyces clavuligerus, is a potent inhibitor of several beta-lactamases, including the TEM-1 enzyme (Ki = 0.6 nM). Evidence from the TEM-1/BLIP co-crystal suggests that two BLIP residues, Asp-49 and Phe-142, mimic interactions made by penicillin G when bound in the active site of TEM-1. To determine the importance of these two residues, a heterologous expression system for BLIP was established in Escherichia coli. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change Asp-49 and Phe-142 to alanine, and inhibition constants (Ki) for both mutants were determined. Each mutation increases the Ki for BLIP inhibition of TEM-1 beta-lactamase approximately 100-fold. To address how these two positions effect the specificity of beta-lactamase binding, Ki values were determined for the interaction of wild-type BLIP, as well as the D49A and F142A mutants, with two extended spectrum beta-lactamases (the G238S and the E104K TEM variants). Positions 104 and 238 are located in the BLIP/beta-lactamase interface. Interestingly, the three BLIP proteins inhibited the G238S beta-lactamase mutant to the same degree that they inhibited TEM-1. However, wild-type BLIP has a higher Ki for the E104K beta-lactamase mutant, suggesting that interactions between BLIP and beta-lactamase residue Glu-104 are important for wild-type levels of BLIP inhibition.
Apolipoprotein(a): expression and characterization of a recombinant form of the protein in mammalian cells (1991)

We have stably expressed a recombinant form of apo(a) in a human embryonic kidney cell line. The engineered protein (predicted mass of 250 kDa) contains 17 copies of the apo(a) domain, which resembles kringle 4 of plasminogen, followed by the plasminogen-like kringle 5 and protease-like domain of apo(a). The recombinant protein [r-apo(a)] was isolated from cell culture media by immunoaffinity chromatography, and its physical properties were studied. As is the case for apo(a) isolated from plasma-derived Lp(a), r-apo(a) is highly glycosylated (23% by weight), containing both N- and O-linked glycans, which results in an observed molecular mass of 500 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The high sialic acid content was reflected in a pI of 4.3 for the r-apo(a). Two subpopulations of r-apo(a) secreted by the permanent cell line were identified with respect to lysine-Sepharose binding; the majority of the r-apo(a) bound specifically to this matrix and was eluted with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (epsilon-ACA). When the r-apo(a) plasmid was used to transfect a human hepatoma cell line, lipoprotein particles were secreted containing the disulfide-linked complex of apoB-100 and the r-apo(a). The density of these particles was shown to be heterogeneous, with the majority of the r-Lp(a) floating in the density range of plasma-derived Lp(a).
The biochemical toxicology of 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, the major ingredient of the pesticide Gliftor: The potential of 4-methylpyrazole as an antidote (1998)

Administration to rats of 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol (100 mg kg-1 body weight), the major ingredient of the pesticide gliftor, resulted in accumulation of citrate in the kidney after a 3 hour lag phase. 1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol was found to be metabolized to 1,3-difluoroacetone and ultimately to the aconitate hydratase inhibitor (-) erythrofluorocitrate and free fluoride. The conversion of 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol to 1,3-difluoroacetone was found to be catalyzed by an NAD(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, while the defluorination was attributed to microsomal monooxygenase activity induced by phenobarbitone and inhibited by piperonyl butoxide. 4-Methylpyrazole was found to inhibit both of these processes in vitro and when administered (90 mg kg-1 body weight) to rats, 2 hours prior to 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, eliminated signs of poisoning, prevented (-) erythrofluorocitrate synthesis, and markedly decreased citrate and fluoride accumulation in vivo. 4-Methylpyrazole also appeared to diminish (-) erythrofluorocitrate synthesis from fluoroacetate in vivo, and this was attributed to its capacity to inhibit malate dehydrogenase activity. The antidotal potential of 4-methylpyrazole and the potential for 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol to replace fluoroacetate (compound 1080) as a vertebrate pesticide is discussed.
Comments on some theories of fuzzy computation (2015)

In classical computability theory, there are several (equivalent) definitions of computable function, decidable subset and semi-decidable subset. This paper is devoted to the discussion of some proposals for extending these definitions to the framework of fuzzy set theory. The paper mainly focuses on the notions of fuzzy Turing machine and fuzzy computability by limit processes. The basic idea of this paper is that the presence of real numbers in the interval [0,1] forces us to refer to endless approximation processes (as in recursive analysis) and not to processes terminating after a finite number of steps and giving the exact output (as in recursive arithmetic). In accordance with such a point of view, an extension of the famous Church thesis is proposed.
Merging Biological Self‐Assembly with Synthetic Chemical Tailoring: The Potential for 3‐D Genetically Engineered Micro/Nano‐Devices (3‐D GEMS) (2005)

Appreciable global efforts are underway to develop processes for fabricating three‐dimensional (3‐D) nanostructured assemblies for advanced devices. Widespread commercialization of such devices will require: (i) precise 3‐D fabrication of chemically tailored structures on a fine scale and (ii) mass production of such structures on a large scale. These often‐conflicting demands can be addressed with a revolutionary new paradigm that couples biological self‐assembly with synthetic chemistry: B ioclastic a nd S hape‐preserving I norganic C onversion (BaSIC). Nature provides numerous examples of microorganisms that assemble biominerals into intricate 3‐D structures. Among the most spectacular of these microorganisms are diatoms (unicellular algae). Each of the tens of thousands of diatom species assembles silica nanoparticles into a microshell with a distinct 3‐D shape and pattern of fine (nanoscale) features. The repeated doubling associated with biological reproduction enables enormous numbers of such 3‐D microshells to be generated (e.g., only 40 reproduction cycles can yield >1 trillion 3‐D replicas!). Such genetic precision and massive parallelism are highly attractive for device manufacturing. However, the natural chemistries assembled by diatoms (and other microorganisms) are rather limited. With BaSIC processes, biogenic assemblies can be converted into a wide variety of new functional chemistries, while preserving the 3‐D morphologies. Ongoing advances in genetic engineering promise to yield microorganisms tailored to assemble nanoparticle structures with device‐specific shapes. Large‐scale culturing of such genetically tailored microorganisms, coupled with shape‐preserving chemical conversion (via BaSIC processes), would then provide low‐cost 3‐D G enetically E ngineered M icro/nano‐devices (3‐D GEMs).
IDEAS IN CONTEXT (2003)

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The COBOL jigsaw puzzle: Fitting object-oriented and legacy applications together (1997)

Object wrappers have been presented as a way to allow legacy applications and object-oriented applications to work together. However, object wrappers do not always solve the interoperability problem for COBOL legacy applications. This paper examines the use of object wrappers and introduces two other types of wrappers, the procedural wrapper and the combination wrapper, for practical use with COBOL legacy applications. The main concerns of a developer of an object-oriented application that uses the services of or provides services to a legacy application are addressed. Examples of “real-world” COBOL legacy applications are cited and samples of all three types of wrapper code are provided.
Single channel 400 Gbit/s time-division-multiplexedtransmission of 0.98 ps pulses over 40 km employingdispersion slope compensation (1996)

Single channel 400 Gbit/s time-division multiplexed optical transmission is successfully demonstrated using 0.98 ps transform-limited optical pulses over 40 km. The dispersion slope of the transmission fibre is compensated to suppress the distortion of the signal pulses.
Polygenic basis and biomedical consequences of telomere length variation (2021)

Telomeres, the end fragments of chromosomes, play key roles in cellular proliferation and senescence. Here we characterize the genetic architecture of naturally occurring variation in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and identify causal links between LTL and biomedical phenotypes in 472,174 well-characterized UK Biobank participants. We identified 197 independent sentinel variants associated with LTL at 138 genomic loci (108 new). Genetically determined differences in LTL were associated with multiple biological traits, ranging from height to bone marrow function, as well as several diseases spanning neoplastic, vascular and inflammatory pathologies. Finally, we estimated that, at the age of 40 years, people with an LTL >1 s.d. shorter than the population mean had a 2.5-year-lower life expectancy compared with the group with ≥1 s.d. longer LDL. Overall, we furnish new insights into the genetic regulation of LTL, reveal wide-ranging influences of LTL on physiological traits, diseases and longevity, and provide a powerful resource available to the global research community.
Adsorption/Desorption Processes of pH-Responsive Copolymers on Model Dental Surfaces via QCM and AFM Analysis (2013)

The stimuli-responsive adsorption of polyelectrolytes to biosurfaces provides an important vehicle for development of protective coatings, delivery of therapeutic agents, and cosmetic applications. Developing a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of adsorption/desorption processes of polymeric systems to biological surfaces is of critical importance in predicting performance and designing new formulations. This study describes quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy analysis of a poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) copolymer (Gantrez® S97 BF) adsorption on dental mimicking surfaces to determine properties including thickness, morphology, viscoelasticy, and rate of adsorption/desorption of the polymer layer as a function of solution environment. A nanoscopically smooth model dental surface was developed for AFM analysis of the adsorbed thin film. It was found that solution pH, salinity, and polymer concentration affected the adsorption process and morphology of the adsorbed polymer layer. A higher rate of adsorption, greater stability, and a more homogeneous deposited film were observed for solutions with pH 4 than for those with pH 7, which was attributed to the charge state of polymer and substrate at the solution pH. Dramatic changes in polymer adsorption and film properties were observed as a function of polymer concentration with respect to the critical overlap concentration.