gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoadjuvant activities of cell walls and their water-soluble fractions prepared from various gram-positive bacteria. (1975)

The cell walls from all 21 species of gram-positive bacteria examined, except lysozyme-susceptible Micrococcus lysodeikticus (NCTC 2665) and lysozyme-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 155), were found to be definitely adjuvant-active in both stimulation of increased serum antibody levels and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin when administered to guinea-pigs as water-in-oil emulsions. Using various cell wall lytic enzymes, the immunoadjuvant principles were solubilized with full retention of the adjuvant activities from walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Copenhagen), Streptococcus pyogens (group A, type 6; S43/100), Streptococcus salivarius (IFO 3350), Streptococcus faecalis (IFO 12580), Streptococcus mutans (BHT), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Bacillus megaterium (IFO 12068), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Park-Williams No. 8), Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Actinomyces viscous (ATCC 15987). Evidence was obtained that the non-peptidoglycan portion of the cell walls is not essential for manifestation of immunoadjuvancy.
Bradhyrhizobium japonicum hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity: quinone specificity, inhibition by quinone analogs, and evidence for separate sites of electron acceptor reactivity (1995)

The purified H2-uptake hydrogenase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, containing no cytochrome b, catalyzed efficient H2-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. Hydrogen-oxidizing membranes also catalyzed H₂-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, and the site of ubiquinone reduction was localized to the He-quinone oxidoreductase complex based on comparative antimycin A and HQNO titrations of both H₂-ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase and ubiquinol-1 oxidase activities. A variety of quinones could function as electron acceptors of both pure or membrane-bound hydrogenase, including ubiquinone-0 (Q₀), ubiquinone-1 (Q₁), duroquinone and menadione, indicating relatively loose substrate specificity with regard to the quinone head group. Both the redox potential and the quinone structure determined the efficiency of hydrogenase turnover. Among short-chain ubiquinones, the isoprenoid chain length had a profound affect on Kin, with each additional isoprenoid unit resulting in the K m of the membrane-bound enzyme to decrease more than an order of magnitude. For pure enzyme, the K m values for Q₀, Q₁ and Q₂ were 1.97 mM, 68.8 /xM and 3.1 /~M, respectively. Vma x was also influenced by the substrate isoprenoid chain length for the pure enzyme. The inhibition patterns of H₂-dependent Q₁ versus MB reduction by the quinone analogs (2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Antimycin A) were significantly different, and clear differences in pH optima for the two activities were observed. In addition, the two hydrogen-dependent electron acceptor activities (Q₁ and MB) exhibited different time-dependent inactivation patterns by the chemical modification reagent diazobenzene sulfonate. Ubiquinone and MB therefore react by different mechanisms (perhaps at different sites) within the hydrogenase complex in situ. The inhibition pattern of hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity by antimycin A was clearly different than antimycin A inhibition of ubiquinol oxidation at the bc₁ complex. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of antimycin A inhibition of a hydrogenase complex, and also of a quinone reducing site of a primary dehydrogenase. When pure hydrogenase is assayed in the absence of dithionite, a delay (lag phase) is observed prior to attainment of full activity. The length of this lag period (in minutes) was inversely dependent on ubiquinone concentration, and was greatly reduced (but not eliminated) at saturating ubiquinone levels. These effects were obtained with both Q₁ and MB as electron acceptor, and the lag phases with Q₁ were significantly longer than with MB. Electron acceptor binding to hydrogenase is thus required for reductive activation of hydrogenase during turnover.
Long-Period Hexagonal Structures in Melt-Spun Mg<SUB>97</SUB>Ln<SUB>2</SUB>Zn<SUB>1</SUB> (Ln=Lanthanide Metal) Alloys (2003)

Novel long-period hexagonal structures with six and fourteen layered atomic configurations were formed in melt-spun Mg97Ln2Zn1 (Ln=Y, Gd and Sm) ternary alloys annealed at 573 K for 1.2-3.6 ks and in an as-spun Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy, respectively. The Mg-based alloys containing La or Ce as the Ln element have a mixed structure of hcp Mg and compound phases and no long-period hexagonal structure is formed in the as-spun and annealed states. There is a clear formation tendency of the novel long-period structure to increase with a decrease in the precipitation tendency of the intermetallic compound, an increase in the atomic size ratio of Ln/Mg and an enhancement of the formation tendency of Mg-based reinforced solid solution. The formation of the novel long-period structure is interpreted to result from the necessity of relaxation of strains caused by the reinforced solid solution of Ln and Zn elements into the Mg phase. In addition, the enrichment of Y and Zn elements was observed at the misfit sites of the atomic array in the fourteen layered hexagonal structure of the as-spun Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy. The atomic level segregation of Y and Zn elements is also thought to be the origin for the high stability of the long-period structure. The two types of long-period hexagonal structures found in the Mg-Ln-Zn alloys are important as a new mechanism for future development of high-strength Mg-based alloy.
Sequential Allylic C–H Amination/Vinylic C–H Arylation: A Strategy for Unnatural Amino Acid Synthesis from α-Olefins (2012)

Tandem reaction sequences that selectively convert multiple C-H bonds of abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks to functionalized materials enable rapid buildup of molecular complexity in an economical way. A tandem C-H amination/vinylic C-H arylation reaction sequence is described under Pd(II)/sulfoxide-catalysis that furnishes a wide range of α- and β-homophenylalanine precursors from commodity α-olefins and readily available aryl boronic acids. General routes to enantiopure amino acid esters and densely functionalized homophenylalanine derivatives are demonstrated.
Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Powdery Mildew Caused by <i>Podosphaera leucotricha</i> (2009)

Apple powdery mildew thrives during dry spring and summer weather wherever apples are grown. The fungus perennates in buds, making it difficult to control and, although it can cause fruit russet, it primarily causes losses due to its chronic effect on tree vigor and yield. Data were collected over several years from 1995 (23 entries) and 1999 (22 entries) plantings of new apple cultivars and selections established at multiple locations as part of regional project NE-183. The cultivars Golden Delicious and McIntosh were the standards in both plantings. Incidence of powdery mildew on leaves and fruit was observed and data were analyzed to determine differences due to location and cultivar. One of the two planting group analyses indicated the significance of cultivar differences due to location. In general, the cultivars Ginger Gold, Suncrisp, GoldRush, Crimson Crisp, and Delblush, and the selection CQR10T17 were the most susceptible, whereas the cultivars Gala Supreme, Enterprise, Zestar, September Wonder, Hampshire, and the selections NY 75414-1 and NY 79507-72 exhibited the lowest incidences of mildew. Pinova was the most highly susceptible cultivar to mildew on fruit in Virginia, followed by Crimson Crisp and the selection NY 65707-19. Percent leaf area with mildew was related to incidence of mildew on leaves; however, fruit symptoms were not significantly related to disease incidence or severity on the foliage. Accepted for publication 11 September 2009. Published 19 November 2009.
Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly (2007)

A 68-year-old accountant visits his physician. A year earlier he was told that his blood pressure was somewhat elevated and was advised to reduce salt intake and increase activity. Otherwise, he has been in good health and has no history or signs of cardiovascular or renal disease. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 178/72 mm Hg, and his body-mass index is 28.4. How should he be further evaluated and treated?
Review and classification of variability analysis techniques with clinical applications (2011)

Analysis of patterns of variation of time-series, termed variability analysis, represents a rapidly evolving discipline with increasing applications in different fields of science. In medicine and in particular critical care, efforts have focussed on evaluating the clinical utility of variability. However, the growth and complexity of techniques applicable to this field have made interpretation and understanding of variability more challenging. Our objective is to provide an updated review of variability analysis techniques suitable for clinical applications. We review more than 70 variability techniques, providing for each technique a brief description of the underlying theory and assumptions, together with a summary of clinical applications. We propose a revised classification for the domains of variability techniques, which include statistical, geometric, energetic, informational, and invariant. We discuss the process of calculation, often necessitating a mathematical transform of the time-series. Our aims are to summarize a broad literature, promote a shared vocabulary that would improve the exchange of ideas, and the analyses of the results between different studies. We conclude with challenges for the evolving science of variability analysis.
Inertial migration of deformable capsules in channel flow (2011)

Using three-dimensional computer simulations, we study the cross-stream inertial migration of neutrally buoyant deformable particles in a pressure-driven channel flow. The particles are modeled as elastic shells filled with a viscous fluid. We show that the particles equilibrate in a channel flow at off-center positions that depend on particle size, shell compliance, and the viscosity of encapsulated fluid. These equilibrium positions, however, are practically independent of the magnitude of channel Reynolds number in the range between 1 and 100. The results of our studies can be useful for sorting, focusing, and separation of micrometer-sized synthetic particles and biological cells.
Programmed death of T cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection. No correlation with progression to disease. (1994)

Programmed death of T cells has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which HIV affects immune functions in stages of infection where the number of infected cells is low. Indeed, in HIV-infected individuals both CD4' and CD8' T cells are primed for programmed cell death, which can be enhanced by polyclonal stimulation. Here, we investigated programmed death of T cells in all stages of HIV infection, including acute infection. In individuals with primary infection the number of T cells dying due to apoptosis was much higher than in the asymptomatic phase of infection and paralleled increased numbers of CD8+ cells. In asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals, cells were dying in increased percentages compared with noninfected controls, although at much lower numbers than during acute infection. Death of T cells was not quantitatively correlated with CD4' T cell numbers or appearance of more cytopathic, syncytium-inducing HIV variants. Analysis of the phenotype of cells undergoing apoptosis revealed that cell death was not con- fined to a specific T cell subset nor correlated with expression of certain T cell activation markers. Our results imply that the extent of programmed cell death of T cells in HIV infection does not correlate with progression to disease. (
Synthesis of BCN Nanoparticles Sandwiched between Carbon Nanosheets and Performance in Electrochemical Capacitors (2015)

BCN nanoparticles sandwiched between carbon nanosheets were synthesized with the P123 and borate ammonium under nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, and EELS. The SEM and TEM images show BCN nanoparticles are attached on the carbon nanosheets. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements are used to evaluate electrochemical properties of the composites. The samples show the specific capacitance of 102 F/g at current density of 200mA/g and good durability.
Human-Machine Collaborative Workshop Digital Manufacturing (2010)

Starting from the global manufacturing support in order to create workshops for the study, Human-machine cooperation is discussed about digital manufacturing workshop of the theoretical model. Wireless network communication technology in the digital manufacturing plant application is probed. Application of Mobile Intelligent Technology and digital technology are studied on the shopfloor involved in the manufacture of all the objects and activities that deal with and control. So people involve in digital manufacturing, the realization of human-machine collaboration is provided a digital channel.
Activation Energies of Reactions Involving Oxygen. I. The Reaction O + H<sub>2</sub> = H<sub>2</sub>O (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivation Energies of Reactions Involving Oxygen. I. The Reaction O + H2 = H2ORichard S. Bear and Henry EyringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 10, 2020–2025Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01325a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01325a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Agent-Based Traffic Control: a Fuzzy Q-Learning Approach (2010)

Network modelling and simulation is an important approach to implement effective traffic control strategies and management policies for urban mobility. With much advance in communication and information technologies, and as ubiquitous computing becomes part of most people's lives, both infrastructure and user experiment a new dimension of their relationship that demands for a proper behaviour from control and management systems. In this paper we use the autonomous agent metaphor to implement intelligent control through a fuzzy Q-learning approach. The controller decision-making mechanisms and some preliminary simulation experiments are set up so as to assess the feasibility of our model to cope with urban traffic coordination and management.
A 3-V, 0.35-μm CMOS Bluetooth receiver IC (2003)

A fully integrated CMOS low-IF Bluetooth receiver is presented. The receiver consists of a radio frequency (RF) front end, a phase-locked loop (PLL), an active complex filter, a Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) demodulator, and a frequency offset cancellation circuit. The highlights of the receiver include a low-power active complex filter with a nonconventional tuning scheme and a high-performance mixed-mode GFSK demodulator. The chip was fabricated on a 6.25-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die using TSMC 0.35-μm standard CMOS process. -82 dBm sensitivity at 1e-3 bit error rate, -10 dBm IIP3, and 15 dB noise figure were achieved in the measurements. The receiver active current is about 65 mA from a 3-V power supply.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Is Associated With Resolution of Incisional Drainage in Most Wounds After Hip Arthroplasty (2013)

Background Persistent wound drainage after hip arthroplasty is a risk factor for periprosthetic infection. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used in other fields for wound management although it is unclear whether the technique is appropriate for total hip arthroplasty. Questions/purposes We determined (1) the rate of wound complications related to use of NPWT for persistent incisional drainage after hip arthroplasty; (2) the rate of resolution of incisional drainage using this modality; and (3) risk factors for failure of NPWT for this indication. Methods In a pilot study we identified 109 patients in whom NPWT was used after hip arthroplasty for treating postoperative incisional drainage between April 2006 and April 2010. On average, the NPWT was placed on postoperative Day 3 to 4 (range, 2-9 days) and applied for 2 days (range, 1-10 days). We then determined predictors of subsequent surgery. Patients were followed until failure or a minimum of 1 year (average, 29 months; range, 1-62 months). Results Eighty-three patients (76%) had no further surgery and 26 patients (24%) had subsequent surgery: 11 had superficial irrigation and débridement (I&D), 12 had deep I&D with none requiring further surgery, and three ultimately had component removal. Predictors of subsequent surgery included international normalized ratio level greater than 2, greater than one prior hip surgery, and device application greater than 48 hours. There were no wound-related complications associated with NPWT. Conclusions The majority of our patients had cessation of wound drainage with NPWT. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Occupancy monitoring using environmental & context sensors and a hierarchical analysis framework (2014)

Saving energy in residential and commercial buildings is of great interest due to diminishing resources. Heating ventilation and air conditioning systems, and electric lighting are responsible for a significant share of energy usage, which makes it desirable to optimise their operations while maintaining user comfort. Such optimisation requires accurate occupancy estimations. In contrast to current, often invasive or unreliable methods we present an approach for accurate occupancy estimation using a wireless sensor network (WSN) that only collects non-sensitive data and a novel, hierarchical analysis method. We integrate potentially uncertain contextual information to produce occupancy estimates at different levels of granularity and provide confidence measures for effective building management. We evaluate our framework in real-world deployments and demonstrate its effectiveness and accuracy for occupancy monitoring in both low- and high-traffic area scenarios. Furthermore, we show how the system is used for analysing historical data and identify effective room misuse and thus a potential for energy saving.
Fetal Hemoglobin Restriction to a Few Erythrocytes (F Cells) in Normal Human Adults (1975)

During adult life, the quantity of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) present in F cells--that is, rare erythrocytes which are reactive with rabbit antiserum to human HbF during microscopic immunodiffusion--is sufficient to account for all of the small quantity (less than 0.7 percent) of HbF normally present in whole blood. Thus, erythrocytes are normally heterogeneous with respect to the presence of HbF.
MilliKelvin resolution in cryogenic temperature distributed fibre sensing based on coherent Rayleigh scattering (2014)

The response of a distributed temperature sensor based on coherent Rayleigh scattering is experimentally studied in the temperature range from 77 K up to 300 K, using fibres with standard and ORMOCER coating. A precise and absolute frequency scan is performed to obtain the best temperature resolution that turns out to be in the mK range. Experimental results point out that heating and cooling processes, at cryogenic temperatures, exhibit different temperature sensitivities when standard single-mode fibres are used; however, specially coated fibres exhibit better repeatability.
Copper-catalyzed homolytic and heterolytic benzylic and allylic oxidation using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1998)

Allylic and benzylic alcohols were oxidized in good yields to the respective ketones by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in the presence of copper salts under phase-transfer catalysis conditions. This dehydrogenation was found to proceed via a heterolytic mechanism. CuCl2, CuCl, and even copper powder were equally facile as catalysts, as they were all transformed in situ to Cu(OH)Cl which was extracted into the organic phase by the phase-transfer catalyst (PTC). Deuterium labeling experiments evidenced the scission of the benzylic C–H bond in the rate-determining step. Nonproductive TBHP decomposition was not observed in the presence of the alcohol substrates. Conversely, the oxygenation of π-activated methylene groups in the same medium was found to be a free radical process, and the major products were the appropriate tert-butyl peroxides. Catalyst deactivation, solvent effects, and extraction effects are discussed. By applying Minisci’s postulations concerning the relative reactivity of TBHP molecules towards tert-butoxyl radicals in protic and nonprotic environments, the coexistence of the homolytic and the heterolytic pathways can be explained. A complete reaction mechanism is proposed, wherein the free-radical oxidation obeys Kochi’s mechanism, and the heterolytic dehydrogenation is based on either a high-valent CuIVO species or a [Cu(OH)Cl]2 species.
Elimination–addition. Part XXII. Addition of enolates to allenic sulphonium salts; a new general furan synthesis (1973)

Furans are produced by reactions of β-keto-esters, β-diketones, and β-keto-sulphones with allenic sulphonium salts. Procedures are simple and yields are high. 2,3,4-Trisubstituted furans are typically produced by this method, which thus complements synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans from prop-2-ynyl halides and β-keto-esters. Mechanistic aspects of the synthesis are briefly discussed.
The research and application of tax risk identification based on PSO-BP algorithm (2016)

Tax risk management is a new business field of tax management, which has become the core task of professional revenue management. As the traditional tax payment model has shortcoming of inefficiency and high cost, it is necessary to create a stable and orderly management environment to identify tax risks for different taxpayers quickly and efficiently. In this paper, the theory of machine learning is introduced in the practice of tax risk management, and the model of tax risk identification based on PSO-BP (Particle Swarm Optimization-Back Propagation) algorithm is established. 1350 tax households are randomly selected in this paper. Among these tax households, 1000 of them are training data, and the rest of them are testing data. Compared with standard BP algorithm, the experimental results show that the optimized PSO-BP algorithm can identify the possible tax risk category effectively and accurately, which realize great improvement of the tax inspection.
Sensitive and Rapid Diagnosis of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Disease by Nucleic Acid Hybridization (1981)

A sensitive and reliable new method for the detection of potato spindle tuber viroid in potato tubers has been developed. The method is based on hybridization of highly radioactive recombinant DNA to viroid RNA that has been attached to a solid support. The method can be automated and permits the rapid testing of large numbers of tubers.