gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Bilateral Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (2009)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection causing significant morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of bilateral versus unilateral bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the detection of the causative bacterial agents of VAP. We retrospectively studied the quantitative bacterial cultures of 399 BAL sample pairs collected from 287 mechanically ventilated patients over a 5-year period at a U.S. tertiary-care teaching hospital. Trauma was the underlying illness in 69% of patients. No evidence of bacterial infection was found in 226 BAL pairs (56.6%). Among 173 positive BAL sample pairs, significant bacterial counts were detected exclusively in 6.4% of left-lung and 12.1% of right-lung samples. In contrast, 81.5% of positive sample pairs had significant bacterial counts in both lungs. All bacteria recovered at significant concentrations from bilateral samples would have been detected in a unilateral right-lung sample in 89% of positive sample pairs. Unilateral sampling would have failed to recover one or more significant isolates in 11% of positive pairs had only the right lung been sampled and in 16.7% had only the left lung been sampled. Our study shows that preferential sampling of the right lung improves the diagnostic efficacy of unilateral BAL for the detection of the etiologic agents of VAP. If bilateral sampling is performed, our results also indicate that pooling left- and right-lung samples for a single quantitative culture is comparable to processing samples individually.
Mixer architecture with improved image rejection and interference mitigation for cognitive radio (2016)

Image frequencies and in-band interferences degrade the system performance by masking the desired down-converted signal and therefore rendering a radio receiver inoperable. This paper, elucidates an architecture for improved image rejection and interference mitigation which are critical in Cognitive Radio (CR) architectures. Many attempts have been made to mitigate these interferences in a CR receiver by applying baseband processing or phasing techniques. This paper tries to improve the selectivity by rejecting undesired frequencies and interferences. A feedback or feed forward technique can be applied to detect, estimate and reject undesirable frequency bands. Thus an architecture has been proposed in this paper to reject image and mitigate interference frequencies. The said architecture consists of a modified Weaver architecture for interference mitigation cascaded to a Hartley image rejection mixer. The proposed architecture has been simulated on an EDA tool compelling into the performance metrics such as conversion gain of -3 dB, noise figure of >3 dB, IIP3 of 30 dBm, P1dB of 10 dBm and isolation metrics of the available standard wideband active mixers. The Hartley image rejection mixer provides a robust Image Rejection Ratio (IRR) of 30 dB and the modified Weaver architecture provides an interference mitigation up to 20 dB.
A Tutorial on Improved Systems for Color Television Transmission by Satellite (1985)

The NTSC color television svstem was developed 30 years ago. It was a brilliant technological achievement of which the United States television industry can be proud. The present state-of-the-art offers alternatives to frequency domain multiplexing of luminance and two chrominance signals carried by quadrature amplitude modulation within the video passband. For satellite transmission to millions of homes, the mismatch between the NTSC signal spectrum and the noise spectrum of the FM channel should cause alternatives to NTSC to be fully explored. Such an alternative is discussed and compared to NTSC for Direct Broadcasting via Satellite in the Ku-band. A time division multiplex of luminance and chrominance (analog) components is best suited to FM transmission. The artifacts of NTSC are eliminated by this new system. Its improved picture quality and its robustness has been demonstrated. This system also offers significantly improved picture quality in video recording.
Metal Grating Patterning on Fiber Facets by UV-Based Nano Imprint and Transfer Lithography Using Optical Alignment (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> UV-based nano imprint and transfer lithography (NITL) is proposed as a flexible, low cost and versatile approach for defining sub-micron metal patterns on optical fiber facets in a single-processing step. NITL relies on a specially prepared mold carrying the pattern that is to be transferred to the facet. The fiber's light-guiding properties allow control of the position of the metal structures by optical alignment. </para>
Bacteriome and Mycobiome Interactions Underscore Microbial Dysbiosis in Familial Crohn’s Disease (2016)

Here, we characterized the gut bacterial microbiota (bacteriome) and fungal community (mycobiome) in multiplex families with CD and healthy relatives and defined the microbial interactions leading to dysbiosis in CD. We identified fungal (Candida tropicalis) and bacterial (Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli) species that are associated with CD dysbiosis. Additionally, we found that the level of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA; a known CD biomarker) was associated with the abundance of C. tropicalis We also identified positive interkingdom correlations between C. tropicalis, E. coli, and S. marcescens in CD patients and validated these correlations using in vitro biofilms. These results provide insight into the roles of bacteria and fungi in CD and may lead to the development of novel treatment approaches and diagnostic assays.
Emerging synergies between Internet of Things and social technologies (2018)

This essay discusses the phenomena of amalgamation of two prominent technologies: Internet of Things (IoT) and Social technologies. IoT devices are primarily used for connectivity between physical objects while Social technologies are responsible for collaboration and social interaction. The domain of Social Internet of Things (SIoTs) points toward social interactions of IoT devices. This phenomenon will further enhance the collaboration capabilities of IoTs to deliver huge amounts of human–computer interactions with very limited interventions from humans. Thus, high degrees of human–computer interfaces can be created among physical objects by enabling them with human-like capabilities and social interactions. In this context, we discuss relevant research developments, contextually analyze the drivers and challenges of SIoTs, and describe some interesting business use cases along with suitable recommendations going forward.
Comparative Prognostic Value of HPV16 E6 mRNA Compared With In Situ Hybridization for Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma (2009)

The prevalence of HPV16 in OSCC ranges from 58% to 66%, in a recently treated Canadian cohort. Classification of HPV-positivity by HPV16 E6 mRNA, HPV16 ISH or p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is associated with improved DFS. However, the latter two assays are technically easier to perform; hence, HPV16 ISH or p16 IHC should become standard evaluations for all patients with OSCC.
MASSIVE CERVICAL HEMANGIO-ENDOTHELIOMA IN A NEWLY BORN INFANT (1938)

A case of a rare condition, massive hemangio-endothelioma of the neck and shoulder in a newly born infant, is presented, together with the observations at operation and postmortem examination. Cystic hygroma is the usual cause of congenital enlargement of this region, and that condition has been diagnosed seventeen times in the past fifteen years at the Children's Hospital. A hemangio-endothelioma of this region has never been observed at the Children's Hospital, nor has it been diagnosed prior to the present case in any of the 40,000 children born at the Boston Lying-in Hospital. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE1</h3> On April 28, 1936, a 19 year old primipara after an uneventful pregnancy and a normal labor gave birth to a 6 pound, 6 ounce (2,892 Gm.) boy, three weeks before the expected date of confinement. The parents were Russian Jews. There was no family history of congenital anomalies or neoplastic diseases.
Cardiogenic Shock (1994)

Major advances in the management of congestive heart failure1 and acute myocardial infarction2 have ushered in a new era of optimism about the prognosis of patients with these disorders. Cardiac failure with cardiogenic shock continues to be a frustrating clinical problem, however, because of persistent mortality rates of 30 to 90 percent and substantial morbidity among hospitalized patients3,4. The management of this condition requires a rapid, well-organized approach. Avoiding futile intervention that is unlikely to prolong life or give patients a reasonable chance of functional recovery is also increasingly important in this era of limited resources and public . . .
Detection of Façade Regions in Street View Images from Split-and-Merge of Perspective Patches (2014)

JOIG leads with cutting-edge research in image, video, and graphics technology - your gateway to innovations enhancing daily life and shaping a smart future. Peer-reviewed articles, published quarterly, illuminate the path to tomorrow's solutions.
Detailed Characterization and Comparison of Four Lactic Streptococcal Bacteriophages Based on Morphology, Restriction Mapping, DNA Homology, and Structural Protein Analysis (1987)

Bacteriophages uc1001 and uc1002, which are lytic for Streptococcus cremoris UC501 and UC502, respectively, were characterized in detail. Comparisons were made with a previously characterized phage, P008, which is lytic for Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis F7/2, and uc3001, which is a lytic phage for S. cremoris UC503. Phages uc1001 and uc1002 had small isometric heads (diameters, 52 and 50 nm, respectively) and noncontractile tails (lengths, 152 and 136 nm, respectively), and uc1002 also had a collar. Both had 30.1 +/- 0.6 kilobase pairs (kbp) of DNA with cross-complementary cohesive ends. Restriction endonuclease maps made with seven endonucleases showed no common fragments. Despite this there was a very high level of homology between uc1001 and uc1002, and results of cross-hybridization experiments showed that the organization of both phage genomes was similar. Heteroduplex analysis confirmed this and quantified the level of homology at 83%. The regions of nonhomology comprised 2.1-, 1.1-, and 1.0-kbp deletion loops and 13 smaller loops and bubbles. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic structural protein profiles were related, with a major band of about 40,000 molecular weight and minor bands of 35,000 and 34,000 molecular weight in common. There were also differences, however, in that uc1001 had a second major band of 68,000 molecular weight and two extra minor bands. Except for the restriction maps, which were strain specific, phages uc1001, uc1002, and P008 were closely related by all the criteria listed above. Their DNAs also showed a very significant bias against the cleavage sites of 9 of 11 restriction endonucleases. Phage uc3001 was unrelated to uc1001, uc1002, or P008 in that it had a prolate head (53 by 39 nm) and a shorter tail (105 nm), contained approximately 22 kbp of DNA, had unrelated cohesive ends, showed no DNA homology with the isometric-headed phages, and displayed a very different structural protein profile.
Center pivot simulator for evaluating system design and management effects on infiltration and erosion (2007)

A 4-wheeled commercial irrigation boom was modified for use in investigating center pivot design and\nmanagement effects on infiltration, runoff and erosion of specific soil types. The center pivot simulator\nused a hydraulic winch attached to the front of a tractor for mobilization and controlled travel speed. A 3\ninch diameter 300 ft drag hose is used to supply water to the center pivot simulator. The center pivot\nsimulator was used to conduct two studies to investigate infiltration, runoff and erosion differences of\ncommon commercially available center pivot sprinkler types on a Portneuf silt loam soil. Sprinklers used\nin the first study were: 1) Nelson R3000 with brown plate, 2) Nelson R3000 with red plate, 3) Nelson\nS3000 with purple plate, and 4) Senninger I-Wob with standard 9-groove plate. Measured runoff was\nhighly variable despite the controlled experimental conditions. Runoff from all sprinkler types increased\nwith number of irrigations indicating that soil surface sealing continued to increase without reaching a\nmaximum after five irrigations. Measured runoff tended to be the highest for the S3000 and I-Wob\nsprinklers. Sediment loss tended to be highest for these sprinklers as well. The second study investigated\ndifferences in runoff and erosion related to kinetic energy of sprinkler droplets from commercial center\npivot sprinklers. The sprinklers used in the study were: 1) Senninger I-Wob with standard 9-groove\nplate, 2) Nelson R3000 with brown plate, 3)Nelson D3000 spray with flat plate and 4) sprinkler 3 with the\nrunoff plot covered with 20-mesh nylon window screen suspended about 1 inch above the soil surface to\neliminate sprinkler droplet impact on the bare soil surface. Covering the plot with screen to eliminate\nsprinkler droplet impact resulted in significantly (p?0.05) less runoff and sediment loss for all four\nirrigation events. The D3000 and I-Wob sprinklers tended to have the greatest runoff and sediment\nlosses. Sprinkler type and configuration had a significant (p?0.05) effect on runoff and erosion of a\nPortneuf silt loam soil.
Turnover and Metabolism of Chlorogenic Acid in <i>Xanthium</i> Leaves and Potato Tubers (1966)

The active turnover of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid(3)), a major phenolic component of Xanthium leaves and potato tuber disks, has been demonstrated in these tissues. Pulse-labelling experiments with radioactive l-phenylalanine and trans-cinnamic acid as well as direct feeding experiments with chlorogenic acid-(14)C labelled in the caffeoyl moiety have been employed in the turnover studies. The rate of turnover is calculated to be on the order of 50 to 100 mmumoles per hour per gram fresh weight of tissue.In Xanthium leaves chlorogenic acid is in part converted to an isochlorogenic acid identified by silica gel chromatography as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Radioactivity of the caffeoyl moiety of chlorogenic acid is also incorporated into lignin-like insoluble polymers in the leaf. Turnover of chlorogenic acid in tuber tissue is largely accounted for by the incorporation of the caffeoyl moiety into insoluble polymers in the tissue.The significance of chlorogenic acid turnover is discussed in relation to the perception of the photoperiodic stimulus by leaves and to the possible role of chlorogenic acid in lignin synthesis.
Extracellular matrix alterations precede vascularization of the retinal pigment epithelium in dystrophic rats. (1989)

In Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, the defective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fails to phagocytose the shed outer segment membranes, and the photoreceptors degenerate. Following degeneration of the photoreceptors, neovascularization and vitreo-retinal membranes (VRMs) develop. Blood-retinal barrier abnormalities at the level of the RPE suggested that Bruch's membrane extracellular matrix filtration barriers might also be abnormal. To study the progression of RPE cell, extracellular matrix and vascular alterations in the dystrophic retina, we used the cationic tracer polyethyleneimine and electron microscope morphometric techniques. At two weeks in the RCS retina, the RPE and retinal vessels, and their basal laminae, appeared normal. By two months, the RPE was hypertrophic and duplicated in some areas, and flattened in others. The RPE basal lamina was thickened (171% of the control, p less than .01), and there were more anionic sites along the RPE basal surface (158% of the control, p less than .01). Patches of displaced basal lamina material appeared within the RPE basal infoldings. By four months and later numerous retinal vessels were present within the RPE layer. In addition, cords of migrating RPE cells surrounded presumptive new vessels branching from the RPE layer towards the inner limiting membrane. The RPE-associated vessels exhibited diaphragmed fenestrae and channels, unlike normal retinal vessels, and their basal laminae were marked by anionic sites. These observations of RPE and extracellular matrix changes prior to vascular proliferation, and VRM formation in the dystrophic retina suggest that the RPE-associated extracellular matrix changes may contribute to vascular alterations in the dystrophic retina. A preliminary report of these findings has been presented previously.
THE ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN K1 AND THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE VITAMIN (1943)

The relationship between chemical structure and ultraviolet absorption spectra is nowhere illustrated better than in the study of vitamin K and related compounds.One generalization which we presented in a previous publication (l), namely that the vitamin K absorption curve presents a summation of the benzenoid and the quinoid components of the disubstituted naphthoquinone molecule, recently has been extended by Morton and Earlam (2) to the anthraquinone series.We now have made a more complete study of the vitamin K1 absorption curve, using not only the vitamin isolated from natural sources, but also several specimens of the synthetic product.The main objects of the work were to check the identity of the natural and synthetic products and to determine whether the absorption curve, and especially the absorption coefficient at X 249 rnp, could be used as a measure of purity of the vitamin.It was hoped also that the results of this detailed study might clear up the controversy between Karrer (3,4) and Doisy (5,6) regarding the absorption coefficients of the pure vitamin.Obviously, in order to contribute to this question it was necessary to reinvestigate the complete structure of the absorption curve and to study the influence of light and other factors such as the presence of acetic acid which sometimes is added as a stabilizer. Apparatus and MaterialsThe samples of vitamin Kr, both natural and synthetic, used in this investigation were prepared by Doisy and his associates at the St. Louis University School of Medicine.They were examined with a Bausch and Lomb medium quartz spectrograph and ultraviolet sector photometer, with a Hilger No. H-698 hydrogen discharge tube as the source of continuous ultraviolet light.The hexane used as the solvent in this study was the Eastman Practical grade, which was purified and redistilled.The purification process consisted of five to ten shakings with 10 per cent fuming sulfuric acid, two washings with 10 per cent Na2C03 solution, prolonged shaking with 5 per cent KMnO*-10 per cent Na2C03 solution, fifteen to twenty washings with distilled water, drying for 24 hours over calcium oxide, and distillation 233
A Structured LDPC Code Construction for Efficient Encoder Design (2006)

Low-Density Parity Check codes have been widely investigated over the past few years, and construction of Low-Density Parity Check code enabling efficient implementation design represents one of the main topics of interest. This article proposes a new code family, based on a structures code construction with an inherent parallelism. This construction divides the parity check matrix into layers which can be processed simultaneously, improving encoding throughput and latency. Possible optimizations and example are proposed and illustrated.
Potential Importance of Vitrification in Reproductive Medicine (2002)

As early as 1985, ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 degrees C by vitrification was reported in an attempted alternative approach to cryostorage. Since then, vitrification techniques have entered more and more the mainstream of animal reproduction as an alternative cryopreservation method to traditional slow-cooling/rapid-thaw protocols. In addition, the last few years have seen a significant resurgence of interest in the potential benefits of vitrification protocols and techniques in human-assisted reproductive technologies. The radical strategy of vitrification results in the total elimination of ice crystal formation, both within the cells being vitrified (intracellular) and in the surrounding solution (extracellular). The protocols for vitrification are very simple. They allow cells and tissue to be placed directly into the cryoprotectant and then plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. To date, however, vitrification as a cryopreservation method has had very little practical impact on human-assisted reproduction, and human preimplantation embryo vitrification is still considered to be largely experimental. Besides the inconsistent survival rates that have been reported, another problem is the wide variety of different carriers and vessels that have been used for vitrification. Second, many different vitrification solutions have been formulated, which has not helped to focus efforts on perfecting a single approach. On the other hand, the reports of successfully completed pregnancies following vitrification at all preimplantation stages is encouraging for further research and clinical implementation. Clearly, however, attention needs to be paid to the inconsistent survival rates following vitrification.
KVFTL: Optimization of storage space utilization for key-value-specific flash storage devices (2017)

The strong momentum of key-value store applications drives the commercialization of key-value-specific hard disk drives. To achieve higher degree of performance, the specific flash-based solid state drives would be also commercialized for key-value store applications in the foreseeable future. However, the existing fixed-sized management strategies of flash-based devices would potentially result in low storage space utilization on managing variable-sized key-value data. This problem inspires this paper to propose a key-value flash translation layer (KVFTL) design to improve the storage space utilization of the key-value-specific solid state drives (KVSSDs). A series of experiments was conducted to evaluated the proposed design, and the experimental results on space utilization and device performance are very encouraging.
Enhancement of data retention time for giga-bit DRAMs using SIMOX technology (2002)

Both N-type and P-type stacked capacitor DRAM cells (L/sub g/=0.4 /spl mu/m) were fabricated on ultra-thin SIMOX substrates, and the data retention time was compared with that of a bulk counterpart. A data retention time of 550 sec (at 25/spl deg/C) could be achieves using ultra-thin SIMOX substrates, which is 6 times longer than that of the bulk memory cell. Specifically it is demonstrated that a P-type stacked capacitor cell on an ultrathin SIMOX substrate is very attractive and promising for future giga-bit DRAM cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Geo-indistinguishability (2013)

The growing popularity of location-based systems, allowing unknown/untrusted servers to easily collect huge amounts of information regarding users' location, has recently started raising serious privacy concerns. In this paper we introduce geoind, a formal notion of privacy for location-based systems that protects the user's exact location, while allowing approximate information -- typically needed to obtain a certain desired service -- to be released.