gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contact Damage Accumulation in Tic <sub>3</sub> SiC <sub>2</sub> (1998)

The evolution of deformation—;microfracture damage below Hertzian contacts in a coarse‐grain Ti 3 SiC 2 is studied. The Hertzian indentation stress—;strain response deviates strongly from linearity beyond a well‐defined maximum, with pronounced strain—;softening, indicating exceptional deformability in this otherwise (elastically) stiff ceramic. Surface and subsurface ceramographic observations reveal extensive quasi‐plastic microdamage zones at the contact sites. These damage zones are made up of multiple intragrain slip and intergrain shear failures, with attendant microfracture at high strains. No ring cracks or other macroscopic cracks are observed on or below the indented surfaces. The results suggest that Ti 3 SiC 2 may be ideally suited to contact applications where high strains and energy absorption prior to failure are required.
Whole genome amplification and real-time PCR in forensic casework (2009)

We investigated the suitability of MDA material for forensic SNP typing. Comparative analysis of amplified and genomic DNA samples showed that a large number of SNPs could be accurately typed starting from just 0.01 ng of template. We found that the MDA genotyping call and accuracy rates were only slightly lower than those for genomic DNA. Indeed, when 10 pg of input DNA was used in MDA, we obtained 99.923% concordance, indicating a genotyping error rate of 1/1299 (7.7 x 10(-4)). This is quite similar to the genotyping error rate of STRs used in current forensic analysis. Such efficiency and accuracy of SNP typing of amplified DNA suggest that MDA can also generate large amounts of genome-equivalent DNA from a minimal amount of input DNA. These results show for the first time that MDA material is suitable for SNP-based forensic protocols and in general when samples fail to give interpretable STR results.
Chemical Investigation for Antioxidant Property of Natural Extracts of Cinnamon, Black Pepper and Turmeric Using Singlet Oxygen (2014)

Cinnamon, black pepper and turmeric are known for their antioxidant properties. In the present work, an attempt has been made to carry out a comparative study for their antioxidant property using photo-oxidation of thiourea by singlet oxygen as a probe. Thiourea was used as a substrate after recrystallization and sensitizer rose Bengal was used for generation of singlet oxygen. The effects of concentration and solvent on dye-sensitized photooxidation of thiourea has been investigated in presence of these extracts. The produced sulphur was considered as a measure of the extent of oxidative reaction. It was concluded that cinnamon extract was more effective as an antioxidant than black pepper and turmeric.
Model-based regression test case prioritization (2010)

We propose a model-based regression test case prioritization technique for object-oriented programs. Our technique involves constructing a graph model of the source code to represent control and data dependences as well as static object relations such as inheritance, aggregation and association. We construct a forward slice of the model to identify all the model elements that may be affected by a change. Subsequently, the model elements are marked with the specific test case(s) testing it. We construct backward slice with respect to each model element executed by a test case to determine all elements indirectly tested by the test case. Then all the affected model elements and the elements being tested are used to prioritize test cases. Empirical studies carried out by us show that our technique increases the detection of number of faults on an average of 30 percent as compared to traditional approaches in detecting regression errors
Antimicrobial effects of <i>Allium sativum</i> L. (garlic), <i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> L. (elephant garlic), and <i>Allium cepa</i> L. (onion), garlic compounds and commercial garlic supplement products (1991)

Abstract Diallyl thiosulphinate (allicin), methyl allyl thiosulphinate, and allyl methyl thiosulphinate found in aqueous garlic clove and powder homogenates showed in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities while garlic polar compounds, including alliin, did not. E/Z‐ajoene, a minor but water‐soluble transformation product of allicin found in vegetable oil‐macerates of garlic, demonstrated anticandidal activity. Garlic showed greater antibacterial and antifungal activities than a number of onion types. Garlic and elephant garlic clove homogenates demonstrated similar activity. The anticandidal activities of commercially available garlic supplement products corresponded in general to the activities known for the chemical compounds found in the products.
Concurrence of Clostridium difficile toxin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fecal lactoferrin assay, and clinical criteria with C. difficile cytotoxin titer in two patient cohorts (1995)

The accurate and sensitive diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-related diarrhea, normally treated with vancomycin, has become increasingly important in light of the emergence of dangerous new strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In order to improve the threshold for C. difficile diagnosis and treatment, a number of commonly used assays for the diagnosis of C. difficile diarrhea were examined. These included an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C. difficile toxin A (ToxA), a CHO cell culture assay for fecal C. difficile (cyto)toxin B, and a lactoferrin latex agglutination assay for fecal lactoferrin (LFLA). We studied 722 fecal specimens submitted by physicians for C. difficile toxin testing at the Salem, Va., Veterans' Affairs Hospital and at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville. Charts were reviewed from 123 Veterans' Hospital patients and 114 University of Virginia patients for clinical criteria indicative of C. difficile diarrhea. An increasing titer of CHO cell cytotoxicity was correlated with an increasing likelihood of ToxA positivity (5 to 90%), LFLA positivity (39 to 77%), and clinical agreement (28 to 85%). However, some data indicate that the CHO cell cytotoxicity assay may be nonspecific when positive only at low titers. When the CHO assay result is positive at high titers, it remains the best diagnostic tool. Yet, when it is positive at a low titer, careful interpretation of the results in conjunction with other assays and the clinical setting is warranted, especially in light of new drug-resistant strains of microorganisms.
Compositing Visual Effects (2013)

Put the essential concepts and techniques of digital compositing to work for you without the need of a single mathematical equation. Compositing Visual Effects is lavishly illustrated with hundreds of film shots, figures, illustrations, and diagrams to help the visual reader gain a valuable vocabulary and understanding of the full range of visual effects, in which digital compositing plays a key role. Beginning with an inspirational tour of the scope and magnitude of digital compositing, you get a solid overview of the kinds of digital effects routinely executed today. See how CGI is composited with live action, how set extensions are done, and what a match-move shot is. Following that you learn each of the key applications of digital compositing, which include bluescreen compositing, bullet-time shots, motion tracking, and rotoscoping. The subsequent chapters dig down into each of the major digital compositing applications, introducing the fundamental concepts, and processes behind them. Learn what is easy and hard, possible and impossible, and what to expect when working on a job that entails digital compositing. New to this edition are 4 new chapters on:* 3D compositing, with lessons on what camera tracking is, how it is used to put CGI into a live-action plate, as well as live action into a 3D scene. * Stereo compositing, with descriptions of key stereoscopic terms and concepts, lessons on compositing shots that were filmed in stereo (both bluescreen and CGI), as well as the stereo conversion process when a flat 2D movie is converted to a stereo 3D movie* RED and Digital Capture with Log Images, including log image formats. This is a very hot topic these days. Colleges hang around video because it is cheaper. Film is still big in the real world of production.* Tracking an entire project from start to finishThis is in addition to robust updates on topics such as:* planar tracking, Z compositing, working with Anamorphic HD formats, mocap, and more This edition also includes a companion website with images from the book for you to work with in your own compositing exercises. An accessible introduction to a complex subject for novice and aspiring compositors, from experienced author and compositing whose compositing credits include Night at the Museum 2, Shutter Island, Solaris, Traffic, and more Full color presentation illustrating the art and techniques of the practice, provides inspiration along with instruction New to this edition is a companion website, new chapters on 3D compositing, stereo compositing, RED and digital capture with log images, and more will have you understanding the latest in compositing technology in no time
Sorbitol dehydrogenase of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, SdhA, is part of the oxido‐reductive <scp>d</scp>‐galactose pathway and essential for <scp>d</scp>‐sorbitol catabolism (2012)

In filamentous fungi D-galactose can be catabolised through the oxido-reductive and/or the Leloir pathway. In the oxido-reductive pathway D-galactose is converted to d-fructose in a series of steps where the last step is the oxidation of d-sorbitol by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase. We identified a sorbitol dehydrogenase gene, sdhA (JGI53356), in Aspergillus niger encoding a medium chain dehydrogenase which is involved in D-galactose and D-sorbitol catabolism. The gene is upregulated in the presence of D-galactose, galactitol and D-sorbitol. An sdhA deletion strain showed reduced growth on galactitol and growth on D-sorbitol was completely abolished. The purified enzyme converted D-sorbitol to D-fructose with K(m) of 50±5 mM and v(max) of 80±10 U/mg.
Paracetamol metabolism and related genetic differences (2010)

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a worldwide used analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is metabolised via several metabolic pathways, including glucuronidation, sulfation, oxidation, hydroxylation, and deacetylation: Hepatic and other organ damage may occur, especially in overdose, because of the accumulation of a toxic metabolite. Intersubject and ethnic differences have been reported in paracetamol metabolism activation, suggesting possible differences in susceptibility to toxicity and in pain alleviation, linked to different pharmacogenetic profiles. This article aims at reviewing, in the literature, the links between paracetamol metabolism and enzyme genotypes in the context of toxic side effects and efficacy of paracetamol in therapeutics.
Fault tolerant improvement with chaos synchronization using Fuzzy-PID control (2013)

In this study, fault tolerant control for a Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP) has been improved by using chaos synchronization with adding a chaotic signal as a reference. Rotary inverted pendulum is a nonlinear, under-actuated, unstable and non-minimum-phase system. The proposed control consists of a state-feedback (LQR) and a fuzzy-PID control. The state-feedback control is used to stabilize system near the operating point, and the fuzzy-PID is used to track the chaos signal. PID controller gains adjust by fuzzy rule. The designed controller is implemented on a Quanser laboratory system.
The Function of the Flowering Time Gene AGL20 Is Conserved in Crucifers (2003)

The MADS box gene, AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (AGL20), integrates environmental and endogenous flowering signals in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to determine if its role is conserved in other plants, we isolated AGL20 orthologs from Brassica campestris, Cardamine flexuosa and Draba nemorosa. The putative amino acid sequences of the orthologs were 94 to 97% identical. We analyzed the flowering phenotype and expression level of the AGL20 ortholog in C. flexuosa, a long day plant that does not respond to vernalization. CaAGL20 was more highly expressed in long days than short days and its expression did not change in response to vernalization, indicating that its expression is correlated with flowering time, as in Arabidopsis. When the Brassica AGL20 ortholog was constitutively expressed in sense and antisense orientations using the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, some of the sense transgenic plants flowered extremely early and some of the antisense plants exhibited delayed flowering. These results suggest that the role of AGL20 is conserved in Crucifers.
Cardiac troponins and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. (2008)

A significant positive correlation exists between serum troponin T concentration and echocardiographic indicators of LV hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. Patients with higher serum levels of cardiac troponins have lower survival rates during one year follow up.
Dietary conjugated linolenic acid in relation to CLA differently modifies body fat mass and serum and liver lipid levels in rats (2002)

The present study compared the effect of dietary conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) on body fat and serum and liver lipid levels with that of CLA in rats. FFA rich in linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, CLA, or CLNA were used as experimental fats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 wk old) were fed purified diets containing 1% of one of these experimental fats. After 4 wk of feeding, adipose tissue weights, serum and liver lipid concentrations, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and leptin levels, and hepatic beta-oxidation activities were measured. Compared with linoleic acid, CLA and, more potently, CLNA were found to reduce perirenal adipose tissue weight. The same trend was observed in the weight of epididymal adipose tissue. CLNA, but not CLA, was found to significantly increase serum and liver TG concentrations. Serum FFA concentration was also increased in the CLNA group more than in the other groups. The activity of beta-oxidation in liver mitochondria and peroxisomes was significantly higher in the CLNA group than in the other groups. Thus, the amount of liver TG exceeded the ability of hepatic beta-oxidation. Significant positive correlation was found between the adipose tissue weights and serum leptin levels in all animals (vs. perirenal: r = 0.557, P < 0.001; vs. epididymal: r = 0.405, P < 0.05). A less significant correlation was found between adipose tissue weights and serum TNF-alpha level (vs. perirenal: r = 0.069, P > 0.1; vs. epididymal: r = 0.382, P < 0.05). Although the mechanism for the specific effect of CLNA is not clear at present, these findings indicate that in rats CLNA modulated the body fat and TG metabolism differently from CLA.
A fully modular 1 μm CMOS technology incorporating EEPROM, EPROM and interpoly capacitors (1990)

This paper will describe a modular technology which uses a novel integration scheme to include double poly EEPROM, single poly EPROM and an interpoly capacitor. The single poly EPROM [1] has been adopted to simplify the integration issues; the three modules (EEPROM, EPROM and A/D) can be combined in any combination without affecting their electrical performance.
Intraoperative stimulation techniques for functional pathway preservation and glioma resection (2010)

Although a primary tenet of neurosurgical oncology is that survival can improve with greater tumor resection, this principle must be tempered by the potential for functional loss following a radical removal. Preoperative planning with functional and physiological imaging paradigms, combined with intraoperative strategies such as cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping, can effectively reduce the risks associated with operating in eloquent territory. In addition to identifying critical motor pathways, these techniques can be adapted to identify language function reliably. The authors review the technical nuances of intraoperative mapping for low- and high-grade gliomas, demonstrating their efficacy in optimizing resection even in patients with negative mapping data. Collectively, these surgical strategies represent the cornerstone for operating on gliomas in and around functional pathways.
Evaluation of Solid or Liquid Phase Conducting Polymers Within a Flexible Textile Electrochromic Device (2013)

Conducting polymers, in both their solid or liquid states, have been successfully employed within a novel flexible 4-layer electrochromic prototype device. The device consists of the polymer combined with a flexible PET textile spacer, sandwiched between two electrodes - one of which is applied on a flexible textile substrate. The electrochromic materials that have been employed are polyaniline and substituted polythiophene polymers. Two methods of preparation have been used. Aniline was chemically polymerized to the surface of the PET textile substrate, in its solid state, prior to application within the device. Conversely, substituted thiophene monomers, in the solution phase, were suspended within the textile spacer and electrochemically polymerized in situ within the device. The application of an electrical voltage ( ±3 V) effects a reversible color change for both solid and liquid phase systems, providing a flexible communicative textile with applications for protection and safety purposes, or for added fashion. This paper outlines the preparation and characterization of each of the solid and liquid electrochromic display systems and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each.
Modeling and model based fault diagnosis of dry vacuum pumps in the semiconductor industry (2013)

I have received supports and encouragements from many teachers and friends during my graduate studies abroad, and I am
Oxytocin increases 5α‐reductase activity of human prostate epithelial cells, but not stromal cells (2007)

Both 5-alpha-reductase I and II are expressed in normal human prostate stromal and epithelial cells. Only 5-alpha-reductase isoenzymes of prostate epithelium are modulated by oxytocin.
Crystal faces of rutile and anatase TiO2 particles and their roles in photocatalytic reactions (2002)

A titanium dioxide powder consisting of 1 μm size rutile and anatase particles was obtained, on which developed crystal faces were observed by a scanning electron microscope. From electron diffraction analyses, it was found that the rutile particles exposed {011} and {110} crystal faces, and the anatase particles exposed {001} and {011} faces. This powder showed high activity for some photocatalytic reactions, including oxidation of water. After photocatalytic oxidation of water on the powder using hexachloroplatinate(IV) ions as the electron acceptors, Pt deposits were observed mostly on the rutile particles, especially on the {110} face. When 2-propanol was added to the solution, Pt was deposited on both the anatase and rutile particles. Using the thus prepared Pt-deposited TiO2 powder, Pb2+ ions were photocatalytically oxidized into PbO2. After this reaction, PbO2 deposits were seen on the {011} face of the rutile particles. On the anatase particles, PbO2 deposits were observed in a larger amount on the {001} face than on the {011} face. These results indicate that the crystal faces help in the separation of electrons and holes, and that this effect is stronger for the rutile particles than for the anatase particles.
Assessing the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel (2010)

We assessed the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel for four communities in the province of Alberta, Canada. Ignition processes generated by burning vegetation that were included in the analysis were radiant heat, short-range spotting, and longer-range spotting. Results were used to map the boundaries of the wildland–urban interface and to delineate zones within each community that identify the degree to which these areas represent potential wildfire entry-points into the wildland–urban interface. The assessment method can be used to set priorities for mitigation activities; compare conditions within and between communities and over time; and identify priority areas for time- and resource-intensive site assessments that are often completed for individual structures located in the wildland–urban interface. We compared results among the four case-study communities and demonstrated an application of the approach for evaluating community fuel treatment plans. Factors that influenced the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources differed among the communities, which suggested the need for community-specific mitigation strategies. Spatial patterns of areas with elevated ignition exposure reflected not only the amount of ignition-producing vegetation around the built environment, but also the size and arrangement of fuel patches in relation to the unique morphology of the community and the occurrence of occluded interface zones.
Dynamic changes of serum hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) level predict HBsAg loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon-α-2a (2015)

Objective
To investigate the predictive value of on-treatment hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) levels for HBsAg loss/seroconversion in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)-α-2a.


Methods
HBeAg-negative CHB naive patients were collected from 2008 May to 2011 August in Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. Eligible patients had been HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-negative and with detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA for>6 months, had elevated alanine aminotransferase for>3 months, had no other liver diseases, and had been treated with peg-IFN-α-2a>3 months or had finished the treatment. All the enrolled patients were administered with peg-IFN-α-2a 180 μg/week. Serum HBV DNA, HBsAg, and anti-HBs levels were measured at baseline and every 3 months during peg-IFN-α-2a treatment. The primary efficacy of response to the treatment was HBsAg loss. Comparison between groups was conducted by chi-square test. The absolute levels of HBsAg and the decline rate of HBsAg at week 12 and week 24 were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting HBsAg loss at week 96 and week 120.


Results
A total of 81 patients were included into the data analysis. According to on-treatment HBsAg decline, patients were divided into completed response group (12 cases, 14.8%), partial response group (20 cases, 24.7%), and poor response group (49 cases, 60.5%). On week 12 of treatment, mean HBsAg decline levels in completed response and partial response groups were 0.62(0.06, 0.91) lg IU/mL and 0.19(–0.01, 0.48) lg IU/mL, respectively, which was not statistical different (Z=1.581, P=0.209). Adjusting for differences of baseline factors (calculation of the mean decline of HBsAg), completed response group and partial response group had much more pronounced decline than poor response group 0.00(–0.01, 0.14) lg IU/mL, χ2=9.00, P<0.01]. On week 24, difference of HBsAg decline among the 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2=27.72, P<0.01). The predictive ability of HBsAg cut-off level at week 24 was better than week 12 for HBsAg loss at either 96 or 120 weeks, and the differences of the area under the ROC curve were both significantly different (χ2=3.880, P=0.049 and χ2=4.412, P=0.036, respectively).


Conclusion
Dynamics of HBsAg level in early treatment of peg-IFN-α-2a can predict the therapeutic effect of patients with HBeAg-negative CHB.


Key words: 
Hepatitis B, chronic; Hepatitis B surface antigens; Peg interferon α-2a; HBsAg seroconversion