gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Transportation and Handling of Calves upon Blood Serum Composition (1979)

Alkaline phosphatase, Cortisol, CPK, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, inorganic phosphous, potassium and zinc levels in the serum, body temperature and weight changes were determined on 50 calves which had been weaned and trucked for 12 hr immediately following weaning. Measurements were made at 0, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11 and 16 days after trucking. Comparisons of the same blood parameters were made with 50 calves weaned at the same time but not trucked and with a third group of 50 calves that were weaned 2 weeks prior to the test to determine the effect of weaning and of trucking. Each primary group was subdivided into 10 groups of five animals. One subgroup from each primary group was handled and bled only once. This was done to determine the “chute” or “handling” effects. Trucking the calves produced a definite increase in Cortisol level while weaning produced a small increase. The Cortisol level returned to the initial level within 2 days in the weaned calves and within 4 to 7 days in the weaned and trucked calves. In calves bled each time the Cortisol level gradually decreased indicating acclimation to handling. Weight gains were least in the weaned group and were further decreased by trucking. Handling decreased weight gain in all groups, but the decrease was greater in the weaned and weaned trucked groups. Weaning slightly increased CPK, LDH, SGOT and SGPT levels which were further increased by handling. Trucking had no effect on those determinations. No significant changes were observed in any of the other measurements made. These changes indicate that transporting and handling calves the first 4 to 7 days after weaning could be a critical factor in the development of the shipping fever complex. During this period, the calves appear to be more susceptible to invasion by the causative agents.
Status epilepticus complicating migraine (1988)

We describe 2 patients who developed status epilepticus in association with migraine attacks. One patient died and at the autopsy had ischaemic changes confined to the occipital lobes. The second patient made an uneventful recovery.
Experimental Study of the Nanoparticles Effect on Surfactant Absorption and Oil Recovery in One of the Iranian Oil Reservoirs (2014)

AbstractAs energy demand increases in the world and oil cost rises in turn, tertiary recovery methods become more important than before. One of the main challenges in surfactant flooding process, used as a chemical based method, is the surfactant adsorption phenomenon. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in this study as the surfactant agent and is mingled by water wet nanoparticles (AEROSIL 200) in order to investigate effects of nanoparticles on amount of surfactant adsorption as well as increase in oil recovery from a sandstone core belonging to one Iranian reservoir. Results show that inclusion of nanoparticles decreases the surfactant adsorption and thereby increasing the oil recovery in sandstone cores.Keywords: enhanced oil recoverysurfactant adsorptionsodium dodecyl sulfateAEROSIL 200sandstone reservoirs
Clinical approaches in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using oligonucleotides (2007)

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe forms of hereditary diseases in muscles. The identification and characterization of dystrophin, the gene responsible for the disease has lead to the development of potential gene therapy treatments for this disorder. The complex structure and size of the dystrophin gene represent a challenge for some gene therapy approaches such as gene replacement mediated by viral vectors. Others, including oligonucleotide-mediated gene therapies have allowed forms of manipulation in the dystrophin gene not possible with other disorders. The use of oligonucleotides to modulate gene expression has shown to be a feasible alternative treatment to DMD. Antisense-mediated technologies have made outstanding progress in the last decade and two phase I clinical trials for exon skipping in DMD are already in progress. Gene correction mediated by oligonucleotides faces much greater obstacles, but the outcome of the approach, permanent correction of the gene defect, represents an ideal treatment to the disease. Gene therapy mediated by antisense oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide mediated gene editing have the potential to have a primary role in gene therapy applications to muscles, but they are still far from representing an effective cure. Factors like safety and sustained beneficial effects in patients will have to be considered in detail before this technology can become applicable to the treatment of muscles disorders. Ultimately the need for production of oligonucleotides in large scale and the cost of treatment for each individual patient will play a big role in the feasibility of these approaches in DMD.
Pathophysiology of Intermittent Claudication in Peripheral Artery Disease (2017)

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 200 million adults worldwide. Patients with lower extremity PAD have a heightened risk for cardiovascular events because of the systemic nature of atherosclerosis, and benefit from treatment with risk factor-modifying therapies. Limb symptoms in PAD include intermittent claudication and diminished walking ability. Arterial obstruction from atherosclerotic lesions initiates limb ischemia; however, decreased perfusion incompletely determines the clinical expression of PAD and its response to therapy. Potential mechanistic drivers of claudication in addition to arterial obstruction include inflammation, vascular dysfunction, reduced microvascular flow, impaired angiogenesis, and altered skeletal muscle function. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of limb symptoms has the potential to accelerate development of novel therapeutic strategies to increase functional capacity in patients with PAD.
Kinetics of Potassium Release from Biotite (1958)

Abstract Data presented suggest that the rate of K release from biotite by leaching with NaCl is independent of the amount of K in the mineral during the depletion of a large proportion of the total K content. Optical and X‐ray diffraction data show that weathering of biotite to vermiculite proceeds from the outside edge in toward the center of the particle. The 14Å. layers were found to have about 4 times the diffraction intensity of the 10Å. layers. Observation was made of the actual weathering front. The dependence of rate of K release on leaching rate, NaCl concentration, temperature, time, and particle size was evaluated and an empirical equation derived relating these variables. A theory is presented that the apparent zero‐order type of reaction results from the maintenance of a constant concentration of reactive K similar to the principle of a saturated solution of a material in equilibrium with its solid phase. The logarithmic portion of the curve is suggested as the place where a “saturated solution” of reactive K can no longer be maintained and rate of release becomes dependent on the amount of unreacted K.
Notch Activation Suppresses Fibroblast Growth Factor-dependent Cellular Transformation (2003)

Aberrant activations of the Notch and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways have been correlated with neoplastic growth in humans and other mammals. Here we report that the suppression of Notch signaling in NIH 3T3 cells by the expression of either the extracellular domain of the Notch ligand Jagged1 or dominant-negative forms of Notch1 and Notch2 results in the appearance of an exaggerated fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent transformed phenotype characterized by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Anchorage-independent growth exhibited by Notch-repressed NIH 3T3 cells may result from prolonged FGFR stimulation caused by both an increase in the expression of prototypic and oncogenic FGF gene family members and the nonclassical export of FGF1 into the extracellular compartment. Interestingly, FGF exerts a negative effect on Notch by suppressing CSL (CBF-1/RBP-Jk/KBF2 in mammals, Su(H) in Drosophila and Xenopus, and Lag-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans)-dependent transcription, and the ectopic expression of constitutively active forms of Notch1 or Notch2 abrogates FGF1 release and the phenotypic effects of FGFR stimulation. These data suggest that communication between the Notch and FGFR pathways may represent an important reciprocal autoregulatory mechanism for the regulation of normal cell growth.
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE ETCHING BY LASER‐GENERATED FREE RADICALS (1980)

Abstract Reaktive neutrale Fragmente, die durch Mehrfach‐IR‐Photonendissoziation verschiedener Moleküle (wie CF 3 Br, CFzClz oder CDF 3 ) mit einem CO 2 ‐Laser erzeugt werden, sind in der Lage, SiO 2 ‐ oder Si3N4‐Oberflächen zu ätzen.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapies (2008)

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignancy. While external beam radiation therapy has improved locoregional control, the median survival of approximately 4 months has not changed in more than half a century due to uncontrolled systemic metastases. The objective of this study was to review the literature in order to identify potential new strategies for treating this highly lethal cancer. PubMed searches were the principal source of articles reviewed. The molecular pathogenesis of ATC includes mutations in BRAF, RAS, catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, PIK3CA, TP53, AXIN1, PTEN, and APC genes, and chromosomal abnormalities are common. Several microarray studies have identified genes and pathways preferentially affected, and dysregulated microRNA profiles differ from differentiated thyroid cancers. Numerous proteins involving transcription factors, signaling pathways, mitosis, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, epigenetics, and protein degradation are affected. A variety of agents have been successful in controlling ATC cell growth both in vitro and in nude mice xenografts. While many of these new compounds are in cancer clinical trials, there are few studies being conducted in ATC. With the recent increased knowledge of the many critical genes and proteins affected in ATC, and the extensive array of targeted therapies being developed for cancer patients, there are new opportunities to design clinical trials based upon tumor molecular profiling and preclinical studies of potentially synergistic combinatorial novel therapies.
Effect of Enameling on the Strength and Dynamic Fatigue of Soda–Lime–Silica Float Glass (2002)

The effect of a glass enamel coating on the strength and fatigue behavior of float glass was investigated. Commercially available enamel that was comprised of Cu 2 Cr 2 O 4 pigment particles in a bismuth‐zinc borosilicate glass matrix was applied to a soda–lime–silica float glass via screen printing, followed by fusion at elevated temperature. Strengths of the enameled specimens were evaluated in biaxial flexure using a ring‐on‐ring (ROR) test geometry, and the data were analyzed using a conventional two‐parameter Weibull distribution. Enameling was found to significantly degrade the strength of the float glass. There was no statistical difference in the characteristic strengths of samples enameled on the air side (66 MPa) compared with samples enameled on the tin side (61 MPa) of the float glass. Fractographic analysis revealed that the failures in the enameled float glass samples initiated at pores and pigment aggregates in the enamel, whereas failures in float glass samples initiated solely from surface flaws. Dynamic fatigue tests were performed on enameled float glass and indented float glass samples to determine the effect of the enamel on the stress corrosion behavior of the enameled components. There was no statistically significant difference between the stress corrosion exponents for the float glass and enameled float glass specimens.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Provirus Is Demonstrated in Peripheral Blood Monocytes In Vivo: A Study Utilizing an In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects a variety of cell types in vivo. Monocyte/macrophages may be the major reservoir for HIV-1 in the solid tissues of HIV-1-infected individuals. Conflicting data have been reported, though, regarding the presence of HIV-1 provirus in peripheral blood monocytes isolated from HIV-1-seropositive humans. We have evaluated monocytes from the peripheral blood of eleven HIV-1-infected individuals utilizing a new, highly sensitive and specific in situ polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrate HIV-1 provirus in 73% (8/11) of these samples. None of these monocyte samples was demonstrated to contain cells expressing high levels of HIV-1-specific RNA, by standard in situ hybridization. The evaluation of the HIV-1 genome in peripheral blood monocytes of certain infected individuals may assist in the understanding of HIV-1 proviral latency and pathogenesis, in vivo.
(De)regulation of key enzyme steps in the shikimate pathway and phenylalanine-specific pathway of the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica (2003)

Prephenate dehydratase (PDT), chorismate mutase (CM) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-7-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase are key regulatory enzymes in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica. Deregulated, feedback-control-resistant mutants were isolated by incubation of A. methanolica on glucose mineral agar containing the toxic analogue p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine (pFPhe). Several of these mutants had completely lost PDT sensitivity to Phe inhibition and Tyr activation. Mutant characterization yielded new information about PDT amino acid residues involved in Phe and Tyr effector binding sites. A. methanolica wild-type cells grown on glucose mineral medium normally possess a bifunctional CM/DAHP synthase protein complex (with DS1, a plant-type DAHP synthase). The CM activity of this protein complex is feedback-inhibited by Tyr and Phe, while DS1 activity is mainly inhibited by Trp. Isolation of pFPhe-resistant mutants yielded two feedback-inhibition-resistant CM mutants. These were characterized as regulatory mutants, derepressed in (a) synthesis of CM, now occurring as an abundant, feedback-inhibition-resistant, separate protein, and (b) synthesis of an alternative DAHP synthase (DS2, an E. coli-type DAHP synthase), only inhibited by Tyr and Trp. DS1 and DS2 thus are well integrated in A. methanolica primary metabolism: DS1 and CM form a protein complex, which stimulates CM activity and renders it sensitive to feedback inhibition by Phe and Tyr. Synthesis of CM and DS2 proteins appears to be controlled co-ordinately, sensitive to Phe-mediated feedback repression.
Developing a Social Network as a Means of Obtaining Entrepreneurial Knowledge Needed for Internationalization (2014)

IntroductionInternationalization is a challenging process, especially during the early stages of a firm. New ventures that wish to expand their business in new foreign markets have to overcome a lack of legitimacy and their liability of newness, smallness, and foreignness (Englis et al., 2007; Sepulveda & Gabrielsson, 2013). Entrepreneurs have to rely on their networks to
Motion Measurement Using Inertial Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors, and Magnetometers With Extended Kalman Filter for Data Fusion (2011)

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are widely used in motion measurement. However, the drift of IMUs results in significant accumulated errors for long-term position and orientation measurement. This paper reports a method to compensate the drift of inertial sensors with the assist of ultrasonic sensors and magnetometers. The magnetometer is combined with a three-axis accelerometer as a digital compass for orientation determination in static state by measuring the gravity and the earth's magnetic field vectors. A three-axis gyroscope is used to measure the orientation in dynamic state to complement the digital compass. Displacement determination is implemented using the accelerometer through double integration, and an ultrasonic sensor is employed to periodically calibrate the accumulated errors of the accelerometer. The redundant data from the multi-sensors are fused using extended Kalman filter (EKF), in which the position measured by the ultrasonic sensor and the orientation measured by the digital compass are defined as the observation values, and the position, velocity, and orientation are included in the state vector. Experimental results show that the accumulated errors of inertial sensors are reduced by ultrasonic sensors and magnetometers, and EKF improves the accuracy of orientation and position measurements.
Epitaxial growth of high quality ZnSe on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and application to dc electroluminescent cells (1985)

ZnSe thin films were grown on (100) and (111) oriented Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The single-crystalline ZnSe films were obtained in the substrate temperature range of 300–450 °C. The epitaxial layers were evaluated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, etch pit density, photoluminescence, and Hall effect measurements. Etch pit density was estimated to be 3×105 cm−2. The carrier concentration and electron mobility of the epitaxial ZnSe layers at room temperature are 1.3×1017–2.8×1017 cm−3 and 170–250 cm2/V s, respectively. These epitaxial films were applied to Au/ZnSe:Mn/Si dc-operated electroluminescent cells. The maximum quantum efficiency of 2.2×10−2 (30.4 V, 6.3×10−5 A/cm2) was achieved.
Vestigial-like 1 is a shared targetable cancer-placenta antigen expressed by pancreatic and basal-like breast cancers (2020)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based cancer immunotherapies have shown great promise for inducing clinical regressions by targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA). To expand the TAA landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed tandem mass spectrometry analysis of HLA class I-bound peptides from 35 PDAC patient tumors. This identified a shared HLA-A*0101 restricted peptide derived from co-transcriptional activator Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) as a putative TAA demonstrating overexpression in multiple tumor types and low or absent expression in essential normal tissues. Here we show that VGLL1-specific CTLs expanded from the blood of a PDAC patient could recognize and kill in an antigen-specific manner a majority of HLA-A*0101 allogeneic tumor cell lines derived not only from PDAC, but also bladder, ovarian, gastric, lung, and basal-like breast cancers. Gene expression profiling reveals VGLL1 as a member of a unique group of cancer-placenta antigens (CPA) that may constitute immunotherapeutic targets for patients with multiple cancer types.
Crystal structure of D-amino acid oxidase: a case of active site mirror-image convergent evolution with flavocytochrome b2. (1996)

D-amino acid oxidase is the prototype of the FAD-dependent oxidases. It catalyses the oxidation of D-amino acids to the corresponding alpha-ketoacids. The reducing equivalents are transferred to molecular oxygen with production of hydrogen peroxide. We have solved the crystal structure of the complex of D-amino acid oxidase with benzoate, a competitive inhibitor of the substrate, by single isomorphous replacement and eightfold averaging. Each monomer is formed by two domains with an overall topology similar to that of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. The benzoate molecule lays parallel to the flavin ring and is held in position by a salt bridge with Arg-283. Analysis of the active site shows that no side chains are properly positioned to act as the postulated base required for the catalytic carboanion mechanism. On the contrary, the benzoate binding mode suggests a direct transfer of the substrate alpha-hydrogen to the flavin during the enzyme reductive half-reaction. The active site Of D-amino acid oxidase exhibits a striking similarity with that of flavocytochrome b2, a structurally unrelated FMN-dependent flavoenzyme. The active site groups (if these two enzymes are in fact superimposable once the mirror-image of the flavocytochrome b2 active site is generated with respect to the flavin plane. Therefore, the catalytic sites of D-amino acid oxidase and flavocytochrome b2 appear to have converged to a highly similar but enantiomeric architecture in order to catalvze similar reactions (oxidation of alpha-amino acids or alpha-hydroxy acids), although with opposite stereochemistry.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of <i>S</i>-Esters of Thio Analogs of Malonic Acid (1982)

Abstract 2-Carboxyethanethioic S-esters(RSCOCH2COOH) and propanebis(thioic) S,S′-diesters (RSCOCH2COSR) were easily prepared in high yields by the direct condensation of malonic acid with thiols in the presence of ethyl polyphosphate (PPE).
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Is Involved in Ligand-Dependent Activation of Transcription and Cellular Localization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (2012)

Glucocorticoids (GC) induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in different cell types and therefore are widely used to treat a variety of diseases including autoimmune disorders and cancer. This effect is mediated by the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that translocates into the nucleus where it modulates transcription of target genes in a promoter-specific manner. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) regulates GR response by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms, although the specific role of each isoform is not well defined. We used GSK3 pharmacological inhibitors and isoform-specific small interfering RNA to evaluate the role of GSK3 in the genomic regulation induced by GC. GSK3 inhibition resulted in the reduction of GC-induced mRNA expression of GC-induced genes such as BIM, HIAP1, and GILZ. Knockdown of GSK3β but not GSK3α reduced endogenous GILZ induction in response to dexamethasone and GR-dependent reporter gene activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that GSK3 inhibition impaired the dexamethasone-mediated binding of GR and RNA polymerase II to endogenous GILZ promoter. These results indicate that GSK3β is important for GR transactivation activity and that GSK3β inhibition suppresses GC-stimulated gene expression. Furthermore, we show that genomic regulation by the GR is independent of known GSK3β phosphorylation sites. We propose that GC-dependent transcriptional activation requires functional GSK3β signaling and that altered GSK3β activity influences cell response to GC.
Calibration of propagation model for LTE urban clutter in practice (2015)

Number of mobile technologies is rapidly growing, and their planning is becoming more and more complex. Therefore it is necessary to use high precision propagation models in planning tools which, together with the increasing precision of available GIS data, form a good basis for realistic and accurate propagation predictions.
Evaluation of Airborne Telemetry Antennas for Use in UHF Telemetry Bands (1971)

Abstract : The report documents the results of a program conducted to evaluate experimental and commercially available UHF airborne antennas for use in the 1435-1535 and 2200-2300 MHz telemetry bands. The evaluation established that a wrap-around type antenna gives satisfactory performance and is adaptable for use in several different missile configurations. The design and operational characteristics of each antenna evaluated in a missile configuration are presented, together with typical antenna patterns and VSWR data obtained during the program.
Selective photothermolysis to target sebaceous glands: Theoretical estimation of parameters and preliminary results using a free electron laser (2011)

SP of sebaceous glands appears to be feasible. Potentially, optical pulses at ~1,720 or ~1,210 nm delivered with large beam diameter and appropriate skin cooling in approximately 0.1 seconds may provide an alternative treatment for acne.