gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty-aware visualization and proximity monitoring in urban excavation: a geospatial augmented reality approach (2013)

Abstract Background This research aims to improve the urban excavation safety by creating an uncertainty-aware, geospatial augmented reality (AR) to visualize and monitor the proximity between invisible utilities and digging implements. Excavation is the single largest cause of utility strikes. Utility strikes could be prevented if the excavator operator were able to “see” buried utilities and excavator movement, and judge the proximity between them in real time. Geospatial augmented reality (AR) is an enabling technology for such knowledge-based excavation. It synergizes the geospatial utility locations and the excavator movement into a real-time, three-dimensional (3D) spatial context accessible to excavator operators. The key to its success is the quality of the utility location data. Methods This paper describes a dynamic approach to incorporate positional uncertainties of buried utilities into an uncertainty-aware, geospatial-AR system for real time visualization and proximity analysis. Uncertainties are modeled as probability bands (e.g. spatial bands with certain probabilities of enclosing the “true” location of utilities). Positional uncertainties are derived in real time by referring to its determinant, data lineage, the genesis and processes used to collect and interpret data. Results A computational framework, and a generic data model and its XML-format implementation are developed and tested. A method is developed to analyze the proximity in the context of positional uncertainties of both the utilities and the excavator movement. Conclusions This newly created approach is expected to contribute to the safety in urban excavation via the integration of Geoinformatics and construction informatics into an uncertainty-aware, geospatial-AR, with real time visualization and analytical capabilities.
The Watch on the Rhine (1981)

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Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by synthetic peptide fragments of various .BETA.-caseins. (1990)

active peptides such as opioid peptides, immunostimulating peptides, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and recently, the phys-
Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapeutics: A Review of Novel Small Molecule Modulators (2013)

The RAS proteins play a role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Aberrant RAS signaling has been found to play a role in 30% of all cancers. KRAS, a key member of the RAS protein family, is an attractive cancer target, as frequent point mutations in the KRAS gene render the protein constitutively active. A number of attempts have been made to target aberrant KRAS signaling by identifying small molecule compounds that (1) are synthetic lethal to mutant KRAS, (2) block KRAS/GEF interactions, (3) inhibit downstream KRAS effectors, or (4) inhibit the post-translational processing of RAS proteins. In addition, inhibition of novel targets outside the main KRAS signaling pathway, specifically the cell cycle related kinase PLK1, has been shown have an effect in cells that harbor mutant KRAS. Herein we review the use of various high-throughput screening assays utilized to identify new small-molecule compounds capable of targeting mutant KRAS-driven cancers.
The DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐azadC) induces reversible genome‐wide DNA damage that is distinctly influenced by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1 and 3B (2007)

Genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns are frequently deregulated in cancer therefore there is significant interest in targeting the DNA methylation machinery in tumor cells using nucleoside analogs of cytosine, such as 5‐azadC. 5‐azadC exerts its anti‐tumor effects by two mechanisms; reactivation of aberrantly hypermethylated growth regulatory genes and cytoxicity resulting from DNA damage. Objective. To better characterize the DNA damage response of tumor cells to 5‐azadC and the role of DNMT1 and DNMT3B in modulating this process. Results. 5‐azadC treatment results in depletion of soluble DNMTs, growth inhibition, and G2 arrest ‐ hallmarks of a DNA damage response. 5‐azadC treatment led to formation of DNA double strand breaks in an ATM‐dependent manner and this damage was repaired following drug removal. Further analysis revealed activation and relocalization of key strand break repair proteins including ATM, ATR, CHK1, BRCA1, NBS1, and RAD51 by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Significantly, DNMT1 deficient cells demonstrated profound defects in these responses, including complete lack of gammaH2AX induction and blunted p53 activation, while DNMT3B deficient cells generally showed milder defects. Conclusions. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the cytotoxic mechanism of action of 5‐azadC which may help to optimize patient responses to this agent. This work was supported by NIH grants R01CA114229 and K22CA084535 (KDR).
Electrically small tunable split ring resonator antenna (2010)

A tunable SRR antenna is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed antenna has a variable radiation frequency from 1.81 GHz to 2.14 GHz with a tuning voltage between 0 and 9.5V. Simulated data show good agreement with measurement ones. Besides tuability, the proposed antenna has achieved a dimension reduction by 59.3 % compared with the monopole counterpart.
Formule de correction pour le comptage des trajectoires dans les émulsions nucléaires (1954)

Des formules sont données dans tous les cas possibles pour passer d'un certain comptage de trajectoires dans une émulsion nucléaire à la densité réelle de réactions.
Separation Analysis Methodology for Designing Area Navigation Arrival Procedures (2007)

The full benefits of Area Navigation arrival procedures are achieved when they are performed without interruption. However, current separation minima or miles-in-trail restrictions at terminal area boundaries are not sufficiently large in many instances to ensure uninterrupted execution of Area Navigation arrivals, and air traffic controllers have to frequently vector aircraft off the Area Navigation procedure to maintain separation. We present a theoretical framework, a separation analysis methodology, and a Monte Carlo Tool for the Analysis of Separation and Throughput (TASAT), which may be used to determine the target spacing at a selected intermediate metering point such that there is a desired probability that the procedure can be completed without controller intervention. TASAT includes stochastic models of various uncertainty factors such as pilot actions, aircraft weight, and winds. Numeric simulation and separation analyses were performed for a hypothetical Area Navigation arrival procedure to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, and to investigate the relationship between target spacing, probability of uninterrupted procedure execution, and traffic throughput. Sensitivity analyses were also performed on the location of the metering point and different winds.
Interest group politics determines power players in reform debate. (1994)

I n traditional politics, special interest g roups play a key role in shaping major policies legislated by Congress and the states. However, traditional roles have a way of changing. Harvard political scientist Mark A. Peterson defines politics as an ever-evolving process of perceptions, decisions and adjustments: the conditions that underlie a particular policy area are as crucial to the process, as are the public's interpretation of those conditions and its response to them. Thus, what was once understood as bedrock truth in healthcare politics is now turned on its head in the health reform debate of 1994.
Railgun Tribology—Chemical Reactions Between Contacts (2006)

Many electromagnetic launcher experiments have been conducted with armature-rail pairs made of dissimilar alloys. When the armature is made of an aluminum alloy, the eventual formation of aluminide intermetallics is likely at the sliding contact interfaces with nonaluminum rails. Because most launcher bores are freely accessed by laboratory air, other reactions-oxidation, nitridation, and water vapor-may also occur during the reactive phase of the transfer of aluminum from the armature to the rail surface. The structure and composition of the thin layer that adheres to the rail contact surfaces is important, because it separates the new armature contact in a subsequent launch from the original rail contact surfaces and, thus, affects current transfer and the contact lubrication process. The chemistry and the morphology of the reaction layer on the rails will vary along the length of the launcher. In the armature start-up and low-velocity regions of the rails, the adhering rail deposit shows evidence of liquid-metal-enhanced, high-temperature reactions. Experimental data confirming the presence of these reaction products are presented for the case of the very low-speed and highly energetic propulsion of a copper armature between aluminum alloy rails. A copper aluminide intermetallic-CuAl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -is formed, as predicted from the binary phase diagram. Intermetallics have properties that will degrade the multishot load-carrying capability of rail conductors
Electrostatic energy harvesting using doublers of electricity (2011)

This paper describes an investigation about how to use a kind of electrostatic generator known as “doubler of electricity” as a practical micropower generator. The device has a structure that is amenable to miniaturized construction as a MEMS device powered by ambient vibration. A simple battery charger that does not require any control circuit is studied, and the inherent instability of the device is exploited to allow greater power output, with experimental results of a large scale proto-type presented.
On the dispersion of data in non-symmetric distributions (2004)

In this paper a more accurate index of asymmetry is studied. Specifically, the use of the left and right variance is proposed and an index of asymmetry based on them is introduced. Several examples demonstrate its usefulness.
Bending-insensitive single-mode hole-assisted fibers with reduced splice loss (2005)

We propose a novel type of bending-insensitive single-mode hole-assisted fiber with a mode field diameter of 9.3 mum and a bending loss of 0.011 dB/turn at 1.55 mum for bending diameter of 10 mm
Studies on the bacterial gall of Myrica rubra. Isolation of a new (7,0)-metacyclophan from the gall and DL-.BETA.-phenyllactic acid from the culture of gall-forming bacteria. (1987)

From the bacterial gall of Myrica rubra, a new [7, 0] -metacyclophan (1) was isolated togetherwith three known compounds, myricanone (2), porson (3) and myricanol (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated to be 5-deoxymyricanone (1) on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The possible intermediacy of 1 in the biosynthesis of 2, 3 and 4 is discussed. DL-β-Phenyllactic acid was also isolated from the culture of Pseudomonas syringae pv. myricae pathogenic to the plant.
Calmodulin stimulates the degradation of brain spectrin by calpain (1987)

Brain spectrin has been shown to be a preferential substrate of calcium-dependent proteases (Baudry, Bundman, Smith, and Lynch: Science 212:937-938, 1981) and a major calmodulin-binding protein (Kakiuchi, Sobue, and Fujita: FEBS Lett. 132:144-148, 1981). Since calmodulin, spectrin, and a proteolytically derived spectrin fragment are all components of isolated postsynaptic density preparations (Grab, Berzins, Cohen, and Siekevitz: J. Biol. Chem. 254:8690-8696, 1979; Carlin, Bartelt, and Siekevitz: J. Cell Biol. 96:443-448, 1983), we investigated the functional role of calmodulin binding to brain spectrin with respect to its susceptibility to digestion by proteases. We report that calmodulin's interaction with brain spectrin results in a marked acceleration of the rate of spectrin degradation by calcium-dependent proteases (calpains I and II), but not by chymotrypsin. The cleavage of erythrocyte spectrin (which lacks a high-affinity calmodulin binding site) by calpain I is unaffected by the presence of calmodulin. The stimulatory effect of calmodulin is blocked by trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, which by itself does not modify brain spectrin proteolysis by calcium-dependent proteases. These results suggest a novel role for calmodulin in neuronal function--namely, a synergistic interaction with calcium-dependent proteases in the regulation of cytoskeletal integrity.
Design of Automatic Machinery (2004)

Examining options for the practical design of an automated process, this reference provides a vast amount of knowledge to design a new automatic machine or write specifications for a machine to perform an automated process-focusing on the many existing automation concepts used in recent history and showcasing the automation experiences and recommen
<title>Analytical perturbation theory of photon migration in the presence of a single absorbing or scattering defect sphere</title> (1995)

We present an analytical perturbation analysis to study the sensitivity of diffusive photon flux to the addition of a small spherical defect object in turbid multiple scattering media such as human tissue. As a first simple application of this perturbation theory, we derive analytically the photon migration path distribution function for both the infinite medium and the semi- infinite medium geometries. This allows one to write down analytical expressions of the shape and size of the so-called 'banana' region in which the photon migration paths are concentrated. We then derive analytically the sensitivity of detected photon flux densities to the inclusion of a small spherical defect in a turbid tissue medium, for both continuous wave (cw) and frequency modulation conditions, and arbitrary contrast between the optical parameters of the defect sphere and those of the surrounding medium.
The Sequences of Pea and Calf Thymus Histone H4: James Bonner and Emil Smith (2005)

Calf and Pea Histone IV. III. Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Pea Seedling Histone IV; Comparison with the Homologous Calf Thymus Histone (DeLange, R. J., Fambrough, D. M., Smith, E. L., and Bonner, J. J. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244,5669–5679)
金錢的物質性: 《我們共同的朋友》與《米德鎮的春天》 (2011)

Materiality of Money in
 Our Mutual Friend and Middlemarch
 Abstract
In my thesis, I argue that materiality of money constitutes a major feature of two novels, Our Mutual Friend and Middlemarch. In my first chapter, I contend that the materiality of the monetary instruments contributes significantly to our understanding of characters in Our Mutual Friend. I will demonstrate how Dickens creates a moral hierarchy in which characters’ character is defined by the materiality of precious metals, banknotes, bills of exchange, and shares. As I will demonstrate, precious metals and banknotes function to represent morality of characters in the major plots. On the contrary, bills of exchange and shares provoke readers’ suspicion of immorality of minor plots’ characters. Besides, I will examine the role of financiers in the novel. In my second chapter, I turn the attention to Middlemarch and to a much less discussed aspect of materiality of money, credit. It is my contention that credit structures the novel’s two major male plots. I will take on the question of how we can establish credit’s materiality and show how the novel reflects on ways Victorian males experienced appropriation of credit’s materiality for gentility.
A multi-array multi-SNP genotyping algorithm for Affymetrix SNP microarrays (2007)

R functions are available upon request from the authors.
Integrating text and pictorial information: Eye movements when looking at print advertisements. (2001)

Viewers looked at print advertisements as their eye movements were recorded. Half of them were told to pay special attention to car ads, and the other half were told to pay special attention to skin-care ads. Viewers tended to spend more time looking at the text than the picture part of the ad, though they did spend more time looking at the type of ad they were instructed to pay attention to. Fixation durations and saccade lengths were both longer on the picture part of the ad than the text, but more fixations were made on the text regions. Viewers did not alternate fixations between the text and picture part of the ad, but they tended to read the large print, then the smaller print, and then they looked at the picture (although some viewers did an initial cursory scan of the picture). Implications for (a) how viewers integrate pictorial and textual information and (b) applied research and advertisement development are discussed.
Compositions and Durabilities of Glasses for Immobilization of Plutonium and Uranium (1995)

As the nuclear weapon arsenals of the United States and the Former Soviet Union are reduced, metric tonnage quantities of fissile material must be dispositioned. One of the potential disposition options for fissile weapons material is vitrification into a stable form -- essentially a plutonium or uranium single phase glass product. Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) at Savannah River Site (SRS) is actively developing suitable glass formulations for the long term safe storage of plutonium and uranium. These investigations are also being extended to develop glasses for the stabilization and storage of kilogram amounts of neptunium, americium, and curium that are currently stored as solutions in the process canyons at SRS -- thus the glasses are called actinide glasses. SRTC is also in the process of developing a remote process demonstration which can produce metric tonnage quantities of the glasses. This paper discusses the chemical compositions and durabilities of two types of actinide glasses under development. One of the glasses is a borosilicate, and the other an iron phosphate. In this initial study thorium and uranium were used as the actinides. Because of the low radioactivity of these elements, the glasses could be prepared and tested on the bench top. In studies beginning in FY `95, glasses containing neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium will be produced. These glasses will be prepared and tested remotely in the shielded cells and glovebox facilities at Savannah River Technology Center. In the initial study, a considerable number (>20) of thorium and uranium bearing glasses have been prepared. An equivalent number of rare earth surrogate (non-radioactive) glasses have also been prepared and tested. The glasses were prepared by mixing dry chemicals and melting them at 1425C for the borosilicate glasses and at 1100C for the iron phosphate glasses. (Abstract Truncated)
Integral glass encapsulation for solar arrays. Final report (1981)

The technology of electrostatic bonding as an encapsulation technique for terrestrial solar arrays has been developed. The process produces full integral, hermetic bonds with no adhesives or pottants. Demonstration panels of six solar cells on a single glass superstrate were produced. Electrostatic bonding was also developed as a means of making the cell front contact. A metal mesh is trapped into contact with the cell front during the bonding process. Demonstration six-cell panels using the bonded mesh as the only cell front contact were produced. Exploratory development was done on the possibility of using lower cost glass, with a higher thermal expansion mismatch to silicon, by making lower temperature (250 to 300/sup 0/C) bonds. This was shown to require a planar surface cell (no front contacts). Demonstration panels of twelve 3'' round wafers on a 12 x 18'' glass sheet were made.
The Theory of Permanent Set at Elevated Temperatures in Natural and Synthetic Rubber Vulcanizates (1946)

A molecular theory is developed to describe quantitatively the permanent set taking place in thin samples of vulcanized natural and synthetic rubbers held at constant extension at elevated temperatures. Permanent set is considered to be the result of the formation, through the action of molecular scission and cross-linking reactions, of a dual molecular network in the rubber sample, in which the network chains are of two types: chains which are at equilibrium when the sample is at its unstretched length, and chains which are at equilibrium when the sample is at its stretched length. According to the theory the amount of permanent set in a rubber sample is a function of only two quantities: the relative ratio of the number of chains of the two types, and the elongation at which the sample was held. Experimental data on permanent set for various rubber types and under different conditions are presented and are shown to be in good agreement with the theory.
Morphological defects arising during MBE growth of GaAs (1981)

The growth by molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs and GaAlAs is reviewed, with special attention given to morphological defects which can occur. Although the allowed stoichiometric growth regime for this system is quite wide, more restricted conditions are required when overall perfection is important. The paper characterizes the growth process within the framework of achieving material suitable for GaAs–GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers. This includes substrate preparation, growth initiation, and growth evolution. Specific morphological defects which are found to be observed quite generally are characterized and some explanations will be ventured. Achieving featureless growths is important for integrated optic devices and this is possible over large area substrates.
Topic Evolution in a Stream of Documents (2009)

Document collections evolve over time, new topics emerge and old ones decline. At the same time, the terminology evolves as well. Much literature is devoted to topic evolution in nite document sequences assuming a xed vocabulary. In this study, we propose \\Topic Monitor &quot; for the monitoring and understanding of topic and vocabulary evolution over an in nite document sequence, i.e. a stream. We use Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) for topic modeling and propose new folding-in techniques for topic adaptation under an evolving vocabulary. We extract a series of models, on which we detect index-based topic threads as human-interpretable descriptions of topic evolution. 1
Biomarkers of bladder cancer (2009)

Bladder cancer is a common tumor with a high rate of recurrence and quick progression.Many biomarkers for the detection of bladder cancer have been identified,but none has been reported to date to have sufficient sensitivity and specificity.Recent researches are concentrated on p53,Rb,Cyclin D,P27kip-1,FGFR3,Cadherin,Survivin,Aurora,MMP,VEGF and DNA Methylation.In spite of their different sensitivities for bladder cancer of different stages or degrees,these biomarkers are valuable for its diagnosis and prognosis.
Side Effects of Drugs in Ophthalmology: International Ophthalmology Clinics (1972)

This slender volume is written largely by members of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado. The first chapter by Ellis deals with systemic reactions to commonly used topically administered drugs such as atropine, epinephrine, cholinesterase inhibitors, etc. This is followed by a summary of side effects of drugs on the cornea, conjunctiva, and the extraocular muscles. The chapter by Patterson is an excellent review of the effects of drugs on the lens, in which the author tries to delineate the biochemical mechanisms involved in the action of these drugs. This is followed by chapters on aqueous humor dynamics, the retina, and the optic nerve. The last chapter by Lipson is a useful compilation of the toxicity of systemic drugs. The value of this book would have been enhanced if current thoughts on the biochemical pharmacology and therapeutics of some of these drugs had been included.