gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Al Addition on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeMnNiAlx High Entropy Alloy Films (2019)

CoCrFeMnNiAl<i><sub>x</sub></i> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.07, 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.3) high-entropy alloy films (HEAFs) were processed by co-sputtering of CoCrFeMnNi alloy and Al targets. The effects of Al content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of HEAFs were studied. The XRD results indicated that the crystalline structure changed from the single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase for <i>x</i> = 0 and 0.07 to duplex FCC + body-centered cubic (BCC) phases for <i>x</i> = 0.3 and 0.6, and eventually, to a single BCC phase for <i>x</i> = 1.0 and 1.3, which agreed with the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction patterns. Also, nanotwins were observed in the FCC phase. Mechanical properties of films were studied using nanoindentation and micropillar compression tests. The hardness increased from 5.71 GPa at <i>x</i> = 0 to 8.74 GPa at <i>x</i> = 1.3. The compressive yield strength increased from 1.59 GPa to 3.73 GPa; however, the fracture strain decreased from 20.91% (no fracture) to 13.78% with the increasing Al content. Both nanotwins and BCC phase contributed to the strengthening effects for CoCrFeMnNiAl<i><sub>x</sub></i> HEAFs. Also, compared to the bulk CoCrFeMnNiAl<i><sub>x</sub></i> counterpart, the film exhibited much higher hardness and strength because of the much smaller grain size and the presence of nanotwins.
One-Year Outcomes in Survivors of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2003)

Survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome have persistent functional disability one year after discharge from the intensive care unit. Most patients have extrapulmonary conditions, with muscle wasting and weakness being most prominent.
Coated amperometric electrode arrays for multicomponent analysis (1990)

This paper describes a sensor array of several amperometric electrodes, each coated with a different permselective film. Coatings with different transport properties, based on size (cellulose acetate), charge (Nafion, poly(vinylpyridine), poly(ester sulfonic acid], and polarity (phospholipid) are employed in connection with a four-electrode thin-layer flow detector. With equipotential operation, the array's response pattern of each analyte provides a unique characterization of the individual components. Multicomponent analysis is obtained by taking advantage of the partial selectivity of the individual sensors and using a pattern recognition (multiple linear regression) method. Additional information is obtained by recording the complete hydrodynamic voltammogram at the individual sensors. The merits of the new array are illustrated for the quantification of neurologically significant catechol compounds.
The All-Seeing Needle Instead of the Veress Needle in Pediatric Urologic Laparoscopy (2013)

The all-seeing needle appears to be beneficial in safe entry and for creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic pediatric urology cases. It eliminates the disadvantages of the Veress needle, which is blunt insertion, and may possibly prevent complications.
Elevated Golgi pH impairs terminal <i>N</i>‐glycosylation by inducing mislocalization of Golgi glycosyltransferases (2009)

Acidic pH of the Golgi lumen is known to be crucial for correct glycosylation, transport and sorting of proteins and lipids during their transit through the organelle. To better understand why Golgi acidity is important for these processes, we have examined here the most pH sensitive events in N-glycosylation by sequentially raising Golgi luminal pH with chloroquine (CQ), a weak base. We show that only a 0.2 pH unit increase (20 microM CQ) is sufficient to markedly impair terminal alpha(2,3)-sialylation of an N-glycosylated reporter protein (CEA), and to induce selective mislocalization of the corresponding alpha(2,3)-sialyltransferase (ST3) into the endosomal compartments. Much higher pH increase was required to impair alpha(2,6)-sialylation, or the proximal glycosylation steps such as beta(1,4)-galactosylation or acquisition of Endo H resistance, and the steady-state localization of the key enzymes responsible for these modifications (ST6, GalT I, MANII). The overall Golgi morphology also remained unaltered, except when Golgi pH was raised close to neutral. By using transmembrane domain chimeras between the ST6 and ST3, we also show that the luminal domain of the ST6 is mainly responsible for its less pH sensitive localization in the Golgi. Collectively, these results emphasize that moderate Golgi pH alterations such as those detected in cancer cells can impair N-glycosylation by inducing selective mislocalization of only certain Golgi glycosyltransferases.
Treatment with endotoxins of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by colon tumor cells in the rat. (1987)

Peritoneal carcinomatosis, a common spreading of human colon carcinoma, can be obtained by intraperitoneal injection of colon tumor cells in rats. When BDIX rats are injected with 10(6) syngeneic tumor cells, isolated and cloned from a chemically induced colon carcinoma, they die within 2-3 months with solid peritoneal tumors and hemorrhagic ascites. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of 20 micrograms endotoxins (Escherichia coli W0128:B12) from day 3 after tumor cell challenge inhibited tumor growth. This effect was long-lasting since 7 out of 10 treated rats were still alive and tumor-free 6 months after tumor cell challenge. When the endotoxins were administered from day 15 after the tumor cell challenge, in rats with established tumors visible with the naked eye, the survival times were significantly increased, and 6 out of 30 treated rats were still alive and tumor-free 6 months after tumor cell challenge. The optimum effect was obtained with 5 repeated injections. The different frequencies of injection tested, i.e. 1, 3 or 5 days apart were equally effective. Endotoxins were ineffective when administered intravenously. No side effect was observed.
Further developments on RHT: basic mechanisms, algorithms, and computational complexities (2003)

Further developments on RHT are introduced here. The fundamental framework and the main components of this method are systematically elaborated. Its advantages are further confirmed. The deep mechanisms behind these advantages are exposed. Several improved algorithms for implementing RHT are proposed and tested by experiments on images with various kinds of strong noise. The results show that the advantages of RHT are quite robust. Moreover, the theoretical results are also given to show quantitatively that the complexities of RHT algorithms are considerably smaller than those of the HT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elevated Circulating Glutamate Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis Independently of Established Risk Markers: A Cross-Sectional Study (2020)

Abstract Objective Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because plasma glutamate levels are also strongly associated with visceral adiposity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and high circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), it is unknown to what extent elevated circulating glutamate is an independent marker of an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Methods Plasma levels of glutamate and BCAAs were measured in 102 individuals who were precisely phenotyped for body fat mass and distribution (magnetic resonance [MR] tomography), liver fat content (1H-MR spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp [N = 57]), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Results Plasma glutamate levels, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, correlated positively with liver fat content and cIMT (all std β ≥ .22, all P ≤ .023) and negatively with insulin sensitivity (std β ≤ –.31, P ≤ .002). Glutamate levels also were associated with cIMT, independently of additional adjustment for liver fat content, insulin sensitivity and BCAAs levels (std β ≥ .24, P ≤ .02). Furthermore, an independent positive association of glutamate and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels was observed (N = 50; std β = .39, P = .03). Although glutamate, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, also correlated positively with cIMT in this subgroup (std β = .31, P = .02), after additional adjustment for the parameters liver fat content, insulin sensitivity, BCAAs, or IL-6 levels, adjustment for IL-6 most strongly attenuated this relationship (std β = .28, P = .05). Conclusions Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with increased cIMT, independently of established CVD risk factors, and this relationship may in part be explained by IL-6-associated subclinical inflammation.
Enhanced Hydrogen Detection Sensitivity of Semipolar (112¯2) GaN Schottky Diodes by Surface Wet Etching on Schottky Contact (2016)

We report on the enhanced hydrogen sensing characteristics of surface-etched Pt Schottky diodes fabricated on semipolar GaN films using photo-electrochemical wet etching. The surface-etched Pt Schottky diodes showed a rapid sensing response to 4% hydrogen, as well as a full recovery to their initial current level after removing the hydrogen from the ambient. They also demonstrated stable and reproducible current changes with a reasonable linearity in response to H2 concentrations of 0.5∼4% in increments of 0.5%. The hydrogen sensitivity of Pt Schottky diodes on semipolar GaN could therefore be improved by incorporating surface etching on the Schottky contact area using KOH solutions. This rough surface is expected to improve hydrogen detection sensitivity due to the presence of more available adsorption sites, resulting in effective variations of the Schottky barrier height.
Distortion correction, calibration, and registration: toward an integrated MR and x-ray interventional suite (2005)

We present our co-registration results of two complementary imaging modalities, MRI and X-ray angiography (XA), using dual modality fiducial markers. Validation experiments were conducted using a vascular phantom with eight fiducial markers around its periphery. Gradient-distortion-corrected 3D MRI was used to image the phantom and determine the 3D locations of the markers. XA imaging was performed at various C-arm orientations. These images were corrected for geometric distortion, and projection parameters were optimized using a calibration phantom. Closed-form 3D-to-3D rigid-body registration was performed between the MR markers and a 3D reconstruction of the markers from multiple XA images. 3D-to-2D registration was performed using a single XA image by projecting the MR markers onto the XA image and iteratively minimizing the 2D errors between the projected markers and their observed locations in the image. The RMS registration error was 0.77 mm for the 3D-to-3D registration, and 1.53 pixels for the 3D-to-2D registration. We also showed that registration can be performed at a large IS where many markers are visible, then the image can be zoomed in maintaining the registration. This requires calibration of imperfections in the zoom operation of the image intensifier. When we applied the registration used for an IS of 330 mm to an image acquired with an IS of 130 mm, the error was 42.16 pixels before zoom correction and 3.37 pixels after. This method offers the possibility of new therapies where the soft-tissue contrast of MRI and the high-resolution imaging of XA are both needed.
Einführung (1993)

Rapsöl bzw. seine Derivate scheinen für die in der Bundesrepublik herrschenden landwirtschaftlichen und klimatischen Randbedingungen ein aussichtsreicher nachwachsender Rohstoff zu sein. Eingesetzt werden kann es in Verbrennungsmotoren anstelle von Dieselkraftstoff, da es — zumindest in seiner veresterten Form — ähnliche Verbrennungseigenschaften besitzt wie Dieselkraftstoff. Entsprechend dem in Teil 1 dieses Buches abgeleiteten Prinzip der vergleichenden Bilanzierung werden demnach die Energieverbräuche und die damit verbundenen CO2-Emissionen der energetischen Nutzung von Dieselkraftstoff und Rapsöl bzw. Rapsölester ermittelt und einander gegenübergestellt.
An alternative assay to hydrophobic interaction chromatography for high-throughput characterization of monoclonal antibodies (2015)

The effectiveness of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is governed not only by their bioactivity, but also by their biophysical properties. Assays for rapidly evaluating the biophysical properties of mAbs are valuable for identifying those most likely to exhibit superior properties such as high solubility, low viscosity and slow serum clearance. Analytical hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), which is performed at high salt concentrations to enhance hydrophobic interactions, is an attractive assay for identifying mAbs with low hydrophobicity. However, this assay is low throughput and thus not amenable to processing the large numbers of mAbs that are commonly generated during antibody discovery. Therefore, we investigated whether an alternative, higher throughput, assay could be developed that is based on evaluating antibody self-association at high salt concentrations using affinity-capture self-interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy (AC-SINS). Our approach is to coat gold nanoparticles with polyclonal anti-human antibodies, use these conjugates to immobilize human mAbs, and evaluate mAb self-interactions by measuring the plasmon wavelengths of the antibody conjugates as a function of ammonium sulfate concentration. We find that hydrophobic mAbs, as identified by HIC, generally show significant self-association at low to moderate ammonium sulfate concentrations, while hydrophilic mAbs typically show self-association only at high ammonium sulfate concentrations. The correlation between AC-SINS and HIC measurements suggests that our assay, which can evaluate tens to hundreds of mAbs in a parallel manner and requires only small (microgram) amounts of antibody, will enable early identification of mAb candidates with low hydrophobicity and improved biophysical properties.
O-linked but not N-linked glycosylation is necessary for the secretion of endoglucanases I and II by <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (1987)

The effect of inhibiting protein glycosylation was studied in nongrowing mycelia and protoplasts of Trichoderma reesei which secreted two endoglucanases (I and II) upon addition of sophorose. Tunicamycin (40 μg∙mL −1 ) inhibited incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into secreted protein, but had no effect on secretion of total protein or endoglucanases. The secreted endoglucanases I and II exhibited relative molecular masses of 58 and 45 kilodaltons, respectively, irrespective of the presence of tunicamycin. On the other hand 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibited the biosynthesis of extracellular as well as intracellular protein over a wide range of concentrations; at 50 μg∙mL −1 , however, it inhibited the synthesis of extracellular protein more strongly. The synthesis of endoglucanases I and II was decreased accordingly under these conditions. SDS–PAGE did not reveal the secretion of endoglucanases with smaller molecular weights. When the two endoglucanases were purified and subjected to Endo H treatment or β-elimination, the former had no detectable effect, whereas the latter released all carbohydrate from the protein. Nevertheless, endoglucanases I and II contained 1.3 and 0.5 mol of glucosamine per mol enzyme, respectively. It is concluded that endoglucanases I and II from T. reesei contain mainly O-linked neutral carbohydrate, which is required for their secretion.
In vivo inhibition of TonB-dependent processes by a TonB box consensus pentapeptide (1992)

The TonB box, a conserved pentapeptide sequence found in TonB-dependent colicins and receptors, is thought to interact physically with the TonB protein to facilitate TonB-dependent processes. Strains of Escherichia coli were treated in vivo with the synthetic TonB box pentapeptide Glu-Thr-Val-Ile-Val. The pentapeptide inhibited several TonB-dependent processes, including cell growth in low-iron medium, phi 80 infection, and killing by colicins B and Ia. Two unrelated control pentapeptides had no effect on TonB-dependent processes.
Vertical alignment nematic liquid crystal cell controlled by double-side in-plane switching with positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal (2008)

We propose a vertical alignment liquid crystal cell controlled by double-side in-plane switching with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal material. In this structure, the pixel electrodes are interdigital electrodes, which are deposited on the bottom and top substrates parallel to each other. In the voltage-off state, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned under the crossed polarizers; hence the cell appears to be dark. When an in-plane field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules tilt down to the left or right along the field direction, which is at 45° with respect to the input polarizer, giving rise to maximum transmission of the incident light. We fabricated the proposed cells, which show higher transmittance and lower driving voltage compared with the conventional vertical alignment configuration with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal. The improved electro-optical properties are due to the stronger in-plane field compared with the configuration having one-side electrode. In this device, the response time and viewing angle characteristics are almost the same as the conventional structure.
Frequency Scan of a Quadrupole Mass Analyzer in the Third Stability Region for Protein Analysis (2006)

Abstract A linear quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the third stability region [( a, q ) ≈ (3, 3)] has been developed and utilized to obtain the mass spectra of multiply charged protein ions generated by electro‐spray ionization. The spectra were acquired by scanning the frequency of the quadrupole with a home‐built wide‐band power amplifier from 400 to 100 kHz at constant voltage amplitudes in the range of 100 V. A mass resolution approaching R 1/2 = 200 was achieved for doubly charged gramicidin S ions at m/z 570.5. Further improvement of the resolution is anticipated when a higher‐voltage power amplifier is available.
Developments in EIT Reconstruction Algorithms (2003)

Abstract. We review developments, issues and challenges in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), for the 4th Workshop on Biomedical Applications
Optical bistability using a nematic liquid crystal film in a Fabry-Perot cavity (1982)

We have observed optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity with a nematic liquid crystal film. Switching phenomenon was observed with a low power single-mode cw laser of about 300 mW.
Opening up networks with JAIN Parlay (2000)

The desire for new business growth has been a major driving force towards the development of open network APIs, such as the Parlay API, within telecommunications networks. The Parlay API enables both third parties (external companies, operating outside the security domain of the network operator) and network operators to build new applications that rely on real-time control of network resources. The Java APIs for integrated networks (JAIN/sup TM/) Community is defining a Java version of the Parlay API to bring the benefits of the Java language to the Parlay API, and to promote industry-wide adoption of the Parlay API. This article describes the background and rationale behind the work of the Parlay Group, together with the characteristics, structure, and capabilities of the Parlay API. The benefits that Java and the JAIN Community bring to the Parlay API are then explored. A technical overview of the Java version of the Parlay API, referred to as the JAIN Parlay Edit Group API, is given and illustrated using example sequence diagrams. The article concludes by taking a look at what additional features may be added to the API and the implementation activities that lay ahead.
Electric-field-induced magnetization in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Terfenol-D composite structures (2006)

We report the electric-field-induced magnetization (EIM) in the composite structures made by combining Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) and Tb0.30Dy0.7Fe2 (Terfenol-D). The results showed that the EIM could be generated in the composite structures due to the efficient stress-mediated electromagnetic coupling interaction between the piezoelectric PZT and magnetostrictive Terfenol-D. This EIM effect depended significantly on the driving electric field frequency and was highly sensitive to the dc magnetic bias, which exhibited a promising potential in the low-level dc magnetic field detecting application.
Improved Anaerobic Use of Arginine by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Anaerobic arginine catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was genetically modified to allow assimilation of all four rather than just three of the nitrogen atoms in arginine. This was accomplished by bypassing normal formation of proline, an unusable nitrogen source in the absence of oxygen, and causing formation of glutamate instead. A pro3 ure2 strain expressing a PGK1 promoter-driven PUT2 allele encoding Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase lacking a mitochondrial targeting sequence produced significant cytoplasmic activity, accumulated twice as much intracellular glutamate, and produced twice as much cell mass as the parent when grown anaerobically on limiting arginine as sole nitrogen source.
Reactive power optimization control of wind farms with fixed-speed wind turbine generators (2008)

As the level of wind power penetration into the grid increases, reactive power control will become more critical for wind farms with fixed-speed wind turbine generators. Capacitor banks are used for reactive power compensation in wind power plant (WPP). This paper focuses on our effort to develop a method to determine the number, sizes and control strategy of capacitor banks. To solve this problem, the number and control strategy of capacitor banks is determined by the characteristics of wind turbine, local wind resources and power grid. Then the size of capacitor banks was determined by genetic algorithms (GA). Objective of optimization is to reduce the switching frequency of compensating capacitor banks installed at its terminals, maintain an acceptable voltages profile and minimize active losses of a power system. The proposed method is carried out in a modified IEEE 39-bus system. According to simulation results, the grouping and control strategy of capacitor banks is feasible and effective for reactive power optimization control of wind power plants.