gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tubal sterilization. A review. (1978)

Tubal sterilization is accepted in many developing countries as an effective family planning method which provides relief to the mother who has established her family size. Postpartum sterilization minimizes recovery and hospitalization time for the patient and should be performed 24 hours after delivery if there has been no indication of ruptured membranes intrapartum fever manual placenta removal or any factor predisposing to infection. In vaginal delivery with tubal ligation a morbidity of 3% occurs compared to 8.9% for caesarean section. All procedures are based on the principle of section and resection of the Fallopian tube: the Madlener technique the Irvining technique the Pomeroy technique the Uchida technique and fimbriectomy. Laparoscopy requires the creation of a satisfactory pneumoperitoneum. A Veress needle should be used to sufflate the peritoneal cavity. The failure rate 1-2/1000 is due to tuboperitoneal fistulas at the point of coagulation. Colpotomy culdoscopy mini-laparotomy and transcervical sterilization procedures are described. Hysterectomy is used as a procedure because the uterus is often the site of potential disease.
Preparation of silver particles by spray-pyrolysis technique. (1985)

Preparation of spherical silver particles was examined by using spray-pyrolysis technique from AgNO3 solution. The solvent was a mixture of H2O and C2H5OH (25-100 vol%). Although Ag particles were produced by pyrolysis above 650°C, the particles became solid and spheikir when the pyrolysis was done at temperatures higher than melting point of silver. The particle sizes were determined mainly by the degree of the splitting of atomized droplets during the heating process.
Simulation results of operation of a new biped mechanism (2014)

A new biped mechanism with low-cost easy-operation features is proposed with only seven degrees of freedom (DOF). The mechanism is designed with motion capabilities for straight walking, changing direction, overcoming obstacle, and climbing stairs. Dynamics properties of this biped mechanism are analysed by means of simulations in MSC.ADAMS environment. Simulation results are reported in terms of motion torque, joint force, contact force, parts displacement, velocity and acceleration. They are discussed to characterise dynamical motion performance and walking feasibility.
Haemostasis using a ready-to-use collagen sponge coated with activated thrombin and fibrinogen. (2005)

Adequate haemostasis is an important part of any surgical procedure, but particularly so in the case of visceral organ surgery where apparently insignificant ooze can ultimately result in significant haemorrhage and coagulopathy. To achieve haemorrhage control, the surgeon may use conventional techniques (eg, suture ligation, diathermy, and swab compression), but failing this has the option of using physical coagulation tools (eg, the argon beam coagulator) and haemostasis adjuncts (eg, fibrin glues and collagen sheets). Advances in manufacturing have led to development of several other haemostatic products including absorbable gelatin sponges, cyanoacrylates, and polymer-based adhesives. One such product consists of a fixed, ready-to-use equine collagen sponge coated with human thrombin and fibrinogen. It may be applied directly to the bleeding surface, without the need for preparation or reconstitution. This chapter reviews the published evidence and compares its use to other classes of haemostasis adjuncts across a range of surgical specialties, namely hepatic, splenic, thoracic, vascular, and minimally invasive surgery. It also aims to highlight the apparent advantages and limitations of the fibrinogen and thrombin-coated collagen sponge compared to other commercially available haemostasis adjuncts, and identify potential applications for the product.
Leukemia inhibitory factor induces changes in lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes. (1994)

Cytokines induce a number of changes in lipid metabolism that can produce hyperlipidemia. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a recently discovered cytokine, has been suggested to play a role in the cancer cachexia syndrome through its ability to decrease lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. This study explores the mechanism by which LIP decreases LPL activity in cultured adipocytes and determines its effects on fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis to see if it shares the same catabolic effects on fat cells as seen with other cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). LIF decreased LPL activity in cultured adipocytes by 44% compared with an 85% decrease produced by TNF. Although the percent decrease in LPL activity is not as great in LIF-incubated adipocytes as in TNF-incubated adipocytes, the half-maximal doses for both cytokines are similar. LPL messenger RNA levels paralleled LPL activity in the LIF-treated adipocytes, suggesting that the effect of LIF on LPL activity is predominantly mediated through transcriptional regulation. In contrast to TNF, LIF tended to increase the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase messenger RNA levels paralleled the changes seen in fatty acid synthesis for both cytokines. LIF caused a small increase in lipolysis, whereas TNF increased lipolysis by greater than 2-fold. These results demonstrate that the catabolic effects of LIF are weaker than those of TNF and are predominantly directed toward decreasing LPL activity, which may contribute to the hyperlipidemia associated with infection, inflammation, and cancer.
Surgical Templates for Orthopedic Operative Reports (2002)

Generating an operative report after a surgical procedure is a critical but time-consuming and expensive task for every physician. Use of a template can shorten this process. This article describes an easy method by which a physician can create a template that can be customized to allow discussion of unique features of a given case.
Pregnancy resulting from intracytoplasmic injection of cryopreserved spermatozoa recovered from testicular biopsy (1996)

We report a clinical pregnancy occurring in a 31 year old patient following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of cryopreserved spermatozoa obtained from a testicular biopsy. This was the couple's second attempt at an ovarian stimulated cycle resulting in the collection of 17 metaphase II ova which were all injected with progressively motile spermatozoa. A fertilization rate of 58% and a cleavage rate of 90% were achieved. This report is our first case of ICSI using cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa which resulted in normal fertilization, embryo development and an on-going singleton pregnancy.
Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part 1. Potatoes and other tuber crops (1983)

In Part 1 of a planned series of articles on preservation of foods of plant origin by gamma irradiation, the current state of research on the technological, nutritional, and biochemical aspects of sprout inhibition of potatoes and other tuber crops are reviewed. These include varietal responses, dose effects, time of irradiation, pre- and postirradiation storage, and handling requirements; postirradiation changes in carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, amino acids, and other nutrients; respiration; biochemical mechanisms involved in sprout inhibition; wound healing and microbial infection during storage; formation of wound and light-induced glycoalkaloids and identification of irradiated potatoes. The culinary and processing qualities with particular reference to darkening of boiled and processed potatoes are discussed. The prospects of irradiation on an industrial scale as an alternative to chemical sprout inhibitors or mechanical refrigeration are considered.
Rapidly rearranging excited states of bichromophoric molecules. Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapidly rearranging excited states of bichromophoric molecules. Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistryHoward E. Zimmerman and Doreen C. LynchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 25, 7745–7756Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00311a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00311a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging Plasmons with Compressive Hyperspectral Microscopy (2015)

With the ability of revealing the interactions between objects and electromagnetic waves, hyperspectral imaging in optical microscopy is of great importance in the study of various micro/nano-scale physical and chemical phenomena. The conventional methods, however, require various scanning processes to acquire a complete set of hyperspectral data because of its 3-dimensional structure. As such the quality and efficiency of the data acquisition using these conventional scanning techniques is greatly limited by the detector sensitivity and low signal light intensity from the sample. To overcome such limitations, we applied compressive sensing theory to the hyperspectral imaging. The compressive imaging enhances the measurement signal-to-noise ratio by encoding and combining the spatial information of the sample to the detector, and a recovery algorithm is used to decode the detector outputs and reconstruct the image. A microscopy system based on this compressive hyperspectral imaging scheme was designed and implemented. Further analysis and discussion on the diffraction and interference phenomenon and a solution to the spectral distortion in this compressive sensing microscopy system are also presented. Experimental results of compressive dark-field scattering from gold nanobelts are presented, followed with an analysis on signal-to-noise ratio and a comparison with conventional scanning methods in measuring the plasmon resonances.
Covalent interaction of 5-nitroimidazoles with DNA and protein in vitro: mechanism of reductive activation (1989)

Human hepatic microsomal enzymes catalyzed the NADPH-dependent anaerobic reductive activation of [1-14C]metronidazole [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] and [4,5-14C]ronidazole [(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-yl)methyl carbamate] to species that became covalently bound to proteins. Due to the low efficiency of the enzyme-catalyzed covalent binding of metronidazole, the stoichiometry of anaerobic reductive activation was studied with dithionite as the reductant. Two moles of dithionite was consumed per mole of [1-14C]metronidazole for maximal covalent binding to either DNA or immobilized sulfhydryl groups, demonstrating that four electrons are required for the reductive activation of metronidazole. These data implicate the involvement of a hydroxylamine in covalent binding. Maximal covalent binding of [4,5-14C]ronidazole to DNA also required four-electron reduction, consistent with previous studies of the covalent binding of this agent to immobilized sulfhydryl groups [Kedderis et al. (1988) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 262, 40-48]. Studies of the covalent binding of variously radiolabeled ronidazole molecules to DNA suggested that the imidazole ring was intact while greater than 80% of the 2-carbamoyl group and the C4 proton were not present in the DNA adduct. Studies of both the chemical and human hepatic microsomal reduction of [4-3H]metronidazole demonstrated that covalent binding occurred with the stoichiometric loss of this label, implicating binding at the C4 position. These results suggest that the reductive activation of 5-nitroimidazoles generally proceeds via four-electron reduction to form hydroxylamines followed by nucleophilic attack at C4.
Low Cost Launch-on-Shift Delay Test with Slow Scan Enable (2006)

Most scan based designs implement the scan enable as a slow speed global control signal, and can therefore only implement launch-on-capture (LOC) delay tests. Launch-onshift (LOS) tests are generally more effective, achieving higher fault coverage with significantly fewer test vectors, but require a fast scan enable. We present a low cost solution for implementing LOS tests by adding a small amount of logic in each flip-flop to align the slow scan enable signal to the clock edge. Our new design is much more efficient when compared to other recent proposals, and can support full LOS testing. It can be further modified for mixed LOC/LOS tests that achieve TDF coverage approaching 95% for the ISCAS89 benchmarks.
Joint Regularization on Activations and Weights for Efficient Neural Network Pruning (2019)

With the rapid scaling up of deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive research studies on network model compression such as weight pruning have been performed for improving deployment efficiency. This work aims to advance the compression beyond the weights to neuron activations. We propose the joint regularization technique which simultaneously regulates the distribution of weights and activations. By distinguishing and leveraging the significance difference among neuron responses and connections during learning, the jointly pruned network, namely \textit{JPnet}, optimizes the sparsity of activations and weights for improving execution efficiency. The derived deep sparsification of JPnet reveals more optimization space for the existing DNN accelerators dedicated for sparse matrix operations. We thoroughly evaluate the effectiveness of joint regularization through various network models with different activation functions and on different datasets. With $0.4\%$ degradation constraint on inference accuracy, a JPnet can save $72.3\% \sim 98.8\%$ of computation cost compared to the original dense models, with up to $5.2\times$ and $12.3\times$ reductions in activation and weight numbers, respectively.
ON FINDING MINIMALLY UNSATISFIABLE CORES OF CSPs (2008)

When a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) admits no solution, it can be useful to pinpoint which constraints are actually contradicting one another and make the problem infeasible. In this paper, a recent heuristic-based approach to compute infeasible minimal subparts of discrete CSPs, also called Minimally Unsatisfiable Cores (MUCs), is improved. The approach is based on the heuristic exploitation of the number of times each constraint has been falsified during previous failed search steps. It appears to enhance the performance of the initial technique, which was the most efficient one until now.
Polyhedral Gold Nanocrystals with<i> O</i><i><sub>h</sub></i> Symmetry:  From Octahedra to Cubes (2006)

We report the shape and size control of polyhedral gold nanocrystals by a modified polyol process. The rapid reduction of gold precursors in refluxing 1,5-pentanediol has successfully provided a series of gold nanocrystals in the shape of octahedra, truncated octahedra, cuboctahedra, cubes, and higher polygons by incremental changes of silver nitrate concentration. All nanocrystals were obtained quantitatively and were uniform in shape and size in the range of approximately 100 nm. Smaller octahedra and cubes were also prepared by using large amounts of PVP. Silver species generated from AgNO3 seemed to determine the final nanocrystal morphology by the selective growth of {111} and/or the restriction of {100}. The shape evolution of the particles was addressed by quenching the reactions at different time intervals. The approximately 60 nm seeds were generated rapidly and grown slowly with simultaneous edge sharpening. Aging the reaction mixture focused the size and shape of the nanocrystals by Ostwald ripening. We believe that our selective growth conditions can be applied to other shapes and compositions of face-centered cubic metals.
Glucocorticoids upregulate CD40 ligand expression and induce CD40L-dependent immunoglobulin isotype switching (2001)

IL-4 and CD40 ligation are essential for IgE synthesis by B cells. We have shown previously that hydrocortisone (HC) induces IgE synthesis in IL-4-stimulated human B cells. In this study we demonstrate that HC fails to induce IgE synthesis in B cells from CD40 ligand-deficient (CD40L-deficient) patients. Disruption of CD40L-CD40 interactions by soluble CD40-Ig fusion protein or anti-CD40L mAb blocked the capacity of HC to induce IgE synthesis in normal B cells. HC upregulated CD40L mRNA expression in PBMCs and surface expression of CD40L in PBMCs as well as in purified populations of T and B cells. Upregulation of CD40L mRNA in PBMCs occurred 3 hours after stimulation with HC and was inhibited by actinomycin D. Upregulation of CD40L mRNA and induction of IgE synthesis by HC were inhibited by the steroid hormone receptor antagonist RU-486. These results indicate that ligand-mediated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor upregulates CD40L expression in human lymphocytes.
Hardware realization of a Java virtual machine for high performance multimedia applications (2002)

This paper describes a new architecture for content-based, interactive multimedia applications. A hardware implementation of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is proposed, which allows for direct execution of Java bytecode. In a single clock cycle, up to 3 bytecode instructions can be decoded and executed in parallel using a RISC pipeline. A splitable 64-bit ALU implementation addresses demanding processing requirements of typical multimedia signal processing schemes. The proposed architecture supports parallel execution of multiple Java threads. An implementation of basic building blocks of the processor with a standard-cell library provides an estimate of 150 MHz clock-speed for a 0.35 /spl mu/m 3 metal layer CMOS process. With a size of less than 10 mm/sup 2/ needed for the core logic, it is possible to integrate multiple JVMs together with larger cache memories on a single chip.
Turning Points in Catalysis (1994)

Abstract This personal journey through the enlarging landscape of heterogeneous catalysis, pure and applied, starts with the discovery in 1823 of a dramatic example of the synthesis of water that was to serve as the basis of the first commercial exploitation of catalysis, Dobereiners lighter (tinder box). The quickening pace of successive industrial innovations and of academic insight during the intervening 170 years are summarized and the turning points, both major and minor, identified. Although new concepts and new ideas emerged in relative profusion, few exhibited the longevity predicted for them at birth by their proponents. Some concepts, like broken milestones on a vanished road, have ceased to retain their significance. Some have survived, even flourished. But in catalysis, as in most other branches of natural science, new tools and new techniques, rather than new concepts, tend to hold sway. And just as experimental advances in enzymology and immunology have led to the design of remarkable new biocatalysts so also, but not yet at the same level of delicate control, have the tools and techniques of solid‐state chemistry (including novel preparative and computational procedures), generated many powerful rationally designed inorganic catalysts.
1,3,5-Tris(functionalised-phenylethynyl)benzene–metal complexes: synthetic survey of mesoporous coordination polymers and investigation of their carbonisation (2008)

A series of multicoordinate 1,3,5-tris(functionalised-phenylethynyl)benzenes (1–9) was synthesised, and coordination polymers were constructed from these organic linkers and copper ions in high yields. The carbonisation of the linkers 1–9 afforded a microporous carbon that shows type I adsorption–desorption isotherm. Although most of the coordination polymers prepared in this study turned out to be low porous materials, the coordination polymer 7e prepared from the reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenylethynyl)benzene tripotassium salt (K37) and copper(II) nitrate was a microporous material in addition to the mesoporous materials (7c and 7d) prepared from the reaction of K37 with copper(II) acetate and copper(II) chloride, respectively. The carbonisation of the coordination polymers unexceptionally brought about an increase of micropore volume. A stepwise analysis of 7c pyrolysed at 350, 600, and 900 °C revealed that the mesoporosity hardly changed upon heat treatment, which in other words, demonstrates that microporosity could be successfully added to the mesoporous coordination polymer through the carbonisation process.
Complete Sound and Speech Recognition System for Health Smart Homes: Application to the Recognition of Activities of Daily Living (2010)

Complete Sound and Speech Recognition System for Health Smart Homes: Application to the Recognition of Activities of Daily Living
Net Primary Production of a Forest Ecosystem with Experimental CO <sub>2</sub> Enrichment (1999)

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide was increased by 200 microliters per liter in a forest plantation, where competition between organisms, resource limitations, and environmental stresses may modulate biotic responses. After 2 years the growth rate of the dominant pine trees increased by about 26 percent relative to trees under ambient conditions. Carbon dioxide enrichment also increased litterfall and fine-root increment. These changes increased the total net primary production by 25 percent. Such an increase in forest net primary production globally would fix about 50 percent of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide projected to be released into the atmosphere in the year 2050. The response of this young, rapidly growing forest to carbon dioxide may represent the upper limit for forest carbon sequestration.
Range sidelobes blanking by comparing outputs of contrasting mismatched filters (2009)

Range sidelobes, a major shortcoming of radar pulse compression, are often reduced through the use of mismatched filters. The authors propose to blank the remaining sidelobes by using two or more mismatched filters, whose sidelobes are designed to peak at different delays. The authors show how to design such filters and present promising simulation results with two or more mismatched filters.