gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homocystine-induced arteriosclerosis. The role of endothelial cell injury and platelet response in its genesis. (1976)

The atherogenic mechanism of homocystinemia has been defined by measuring endothelial cell loss and regeneration, platelet consumption, and intimal lesion formation in a primate model. Three groups of baboons were studied: (a) 8 control animals; (b) 15 animals after 3 mo of continuous homocystinemia; and (c) 11 animals after 3 mo of combined homocystinemia and oral treatment with dipyridamole. Experimental homocystinemia caused patchy endothelial desquamation comprising about 10% of the aortic surface despite a 25-fold increase in endothelial cell regeneration. Neither endothelial cell loss nor regeneration was changed significantly by dipyridamole. Homocystine-induced vascular deendothelialization produced a threefold increase in platelet consumption that was interrupted by dipyridamole inhibition of platelet function. All homocystinemic animals developed typical arteriosclerotic or preatherosclerotic intimal lesions composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells averaging 10-15 cell layers surrounded by large amounts of collagen, elastic fibers, glycosaminoglycans, and sometimes lipid. Intimal lesion formation was prevented by dipyridamole therapy. We conclude that homocystine-induced endothelial cell injury resulted in arteriosclerosis through platelet-mediated intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells that can be prevented by drug-induced platelet dysfunction.
Experimental melanin-protein induced uveitis (EMIU) is the sole type of uveitis evoked by a diversity of ocular melanin preparations and melanin-derived soluble polypeptides. (1996)

Experimental melanin-protein induced uveitis (EMIU) is a CD4 T cell-mediated disease involving the choroid and iris, but sparing the retina. The present study was designed to solubilize uveitogenic antigen from melanin granules without enzymatic digestion, and to investigate some of its elements by comparison with different purified melanin preparations. Many melanin surface-derived polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 1 to > 100 kDa were obtained by extractions of the prepurified granules with hot lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS). The mixture was electrophoretically separated into seven subfractions, each containing many components and capable of evoking the typical features of EMIU after footpad immunization of Lewis rats. The five low-molecular-weight fractions between M, 1 kDa and 30 kDa exhibited most pathogenicity which was evenly distributed among the fractions. Highly uveitogenic material remained in the melanin preparations even after multiple exhaustive extractions with LDS, and represented about 70% of the detectable protein. The uveal pathogen (UP-X) thus proved to be antigenically stable, and the major part of the pathogenic material was strongly bound to the granule surface layer. Concentrated urea solution was also capable of extracting many uveitogenic melanin polypeptides, but in a different composition than LDS did, and less effectively. Human choroidal melanin provided an LDS-soluble fraction with low pathogenicity. A single intraperitoneal injection of bovine melanin polypeptides together with pertussis toxin, but without footpad immunization in Freund's complete adjuvant, evoked EMIU as well. In all experiments, no uveitis except EMIU was observed, indicating that only one type of uveitogenic epitope was present in a wide variety of carrier molecules. An explanation for this phenomenon is discussed.
On the relation between V-BLAST and the GDFE (2001)

This letter shows that the receiver processing of the Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) architecture may he viewed as a generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE) as applied to a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel. It is proven that, depending on the criterion chosen to reduce the interference, the receiver operations of the V-BLAST system are fundamentally equivalent to either a zero-forcing (ZF) or a minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) GDFE.
In-Situ Continuous Coke Deposit Removal by Catalytic Steam Gasification for Fuel-Cooled Thermal Management (2012)

Fuel-cooled thermal management, including endothermic cracking and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, is an enabling technology for advanced aero engines and offers potential for cycle improvements and pollutant emissions control. The principal engine operability issue that will affect this enabling hydrocarbon fuel cooling technology is coke formation and deposition. Furthermore, the extent to which the benefits of high heat sink cooling technology can be realized is directly related to our ability to suppress coke formation and deposition. The successful implementation of this enabling technology is, therefore, predicated on coke suppression. In situ continuous coke deposit removal by catalytic steam gasification is being developed and successfully demonstrated as a means for suppressing pyrolytic coke deposit in fuel-cooled thermal management systems for advanced aero engines. The objective of this research is to investigate the in situ continuous coke deposit removal by catalytic steam gasification for suppressing pyrolytic coke deposition using a single-tube reactor simulator under representative hypersonic operating conditions. A coke removal system removes coke deposit from the walls of a high temperature passage in which hydrocarbon fuel is present. The system includes a carbon-steam gasification catalyst and a water source. The carbon-steam gasification catalyst is applied to the walls of the high temperature passage. The water reacts with the coke deposit on the walls of the fuel passage side to remove the coke deposit from the walls by carbon-steam gasification in the presence of the carbon-steam gasification catalyst. Experimental data shows the in situ continuous coke deposit removal by catalytic steam gasification is able to reduce coke deposit rate by more than ten times.
A perspective on neutral/alkaline papermaking (1992)

Plusieurs developpements dans les agents de collage et les produits a base de carbonate de calcium ont permis la croissance de la fabrication du papier en milieu alcalin aux Etats-Unis. Cependant, il reste beaucoup a faire pour la comprehension de ce procede.
The Temporal Course of Fluid Intake and Response to Fluid Loads in Perinephritic Hypertension in Rats (1954)

The spontaneous intake of water and saline and their output under load were measured in the early and late stages of perinephritic hypertension in rats. The conclusion was drawn that sodium exchange is increased in the prehypertensive phase, but reverts toward or drops below normal with the development of chronic sustained hypertension.
Al<i><sub>x</sub></i>Ga<sub>1–</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>N—A New Material System for Biosensors (2003)

Abstract The applicability of the group III nitride material system for the fabrication of semiconductor‐based biosensors is demonstrated. The operation of ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (ISFETs) based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures in aqueous electrolytes is shown to be characterized by high sensitivity and low drift. Fibroblasts in contact with oxidized and as‐deposited AlGaN surfaces are demonstrated to survive at least for 24 h, indicating that these surfaces are chemically robust and non‐toxic against living cells. Surface hydrophilization using thermal oxidation allows the deposition of highly mobile lipid membranes by vesicle fusion. The homogeneity and the diffusion properties of phospholipids with different net charges were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and constant photobleaching, taking advantage of the optical transparency of the AlGaN material system. The obtained results reveal that AlGaN‐based devices are promising candidates for future multifunctional biosensors.
Synchronization of GABAergic interneuronal networks during seizure‐like activity in the rat horizontal hippocampal slice (1999)

We studied the contribution of GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmission to epileptiform activity using the horizontal hippocampal rat brain slice. Seizure-like (ictal) activity was evoked in the CA1 area by applying high-frequency trains (80 Hz for 2 s) to the Schaffer collaterals. Whole-cell recordings from stratum oriens-alveus interneurons revealed burst firing with superimposed high-frequency spiking which was synchronous with field events and pyramidal cell firing during ictal activity. On the other hand, interictal interneuronal bursts were synchronous with large-amplitude inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in pyramidal cells. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were simultaneously received by pyramidal neurons during the ictal afterdischarge, and were synchronous with interneuronal bursting and field potential ictal events. The GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline greatly reduced the duration of the ictal activity in the CA1 layer, and evoked rhythmic interictal synchronous bursting of interneurons and pyramidal cells. With intact GABAergic transmission, interictal field potential events were synchronous with large amplitude IPSPs (9.8 +/- 2.4 mV) in CA1 pyramidal cells, and with interneuronal bursting. Simultaneous dual recordings revealed synchronous IPSPs received by widely separated pyramidal neurons during ictal and interictal periods, indicative of widespread interneuronal firing synchrony throughout the hippocampus. CA3 pyramidal neurons fired in synchrony with interictal field potential events recorded in the CA1 layer, and glutamate receptor antagonists abolished interictal interneuronal firing and synchronous large amplitude IPSPs received by CA1 pyramidal cells. These observations provide evidence that the interneuronal network may be entrained in hyperexcitable states by GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms.
Correspondence on the selection of error measures for comparisons among forecasting methods (1995)

Abstract Clements and Hendry (1993) proposed the Generalized Forecast Error Second Moment (GFESM) as an improvement to the Mean Square Error in comparing forecasting performance across data series. They based their conclusion on the fact that rankings based on GFESM remain unaltered if the series are linearly transformed. In this paper, we argue that this evaluation ignores other important criteria. Also, their conclusions were illustrated by a simulation study whose relationship to real data was not obvious. Thirdly, prior empirical studies show that the mean square error is an inappropriate measure to serve as a basis for comparison. This undermines the claims made for the GFESM.
Cellular Redox Activity of Coenzyme Q 10 : Effect of CoQ 10 Supplementation on Human Skeletal Muscle (2002)

In this paper, we report results obtained from a continuing clinical trial on the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration on human vastus lateralis (quadriceps) skeletal muscle. Muscle samples, obtained from aged individuals receiving placebo or CoQ10 supplementation (300mg per day for four weeks prior to hip replacement surgery) were analysed for changes in gene and protein expression and in muscle fibre type composition. Microarray analysis (Affymetrix U95A human oligonucleotide array) using a change in gene expression of 1.8-fold or greater as a cutoff point, demonstrated that a total of 115 genes were differentially expressed in six subject comparisons. In the CoQ10-treated subjects, 47 genes were up-regulated and 68 down-regulated in comparison with placebo-treated subjects. Restriction fragment differential display analysis showed that over 600 fragments were differentially expressed using a 2.0-fold or greater change in expression as a cutoff point. Proteome analysis revealed that, of the high abundance muscle proteins detected (2,086 +/- 115), the expression of 174 proteins was induced by CoQ10 while 77 proteins were repressed by CoQ10 supplementation. Muscle fibre types were also affected by CoQ10 treatment; CoQ10-treated individuals showed a lower proportion of type I (slow twitch) fibres and a higher proportion of type IIb (fast twitch) fibres, compared to age-matched placebo-treated subjects. The data suggests that CoQ10 treatment can act to influence the fibre type composition towards the fibre type profile generally found in younger individuals. Our results led us to the conclusion that coenzyme Q10 is a gene regulator and consequently has wide-ranging effects on over-all tissue metabolism. We develop a comprehensive hypothesis that CoQ10 plays a major role in the determination of membrane potential of many, if not all, sub-cellular membrane systems and that H2O2 arising from the activities of CoQ10 acts as a second messenger for the modulation of gene expression and cellular metabolism.
Applications of Crystallographic Textures of Zirconium Alloys in the Nuclear Industry (1989)

This paper summarizes our recent work on thin sheets, thick-walled TREXs, and thin-walled tubings of Zircaloy materials with emphasis on texture analyses, orientation distribution functions, plasticity models, correlation of single crystal behavior to textured bulk materials as well as their application to in-reactor performance of cladding materials in LWRs. The mechanical anisotropy and strain localization were investigated on recrystallized Zircaloy-4 sheet using the grid method, which yielded the transverse contractile strain ratios (R,P), formability parameter B, critical strains to necking, and fracture. The anisotropy and formability parameters were also evaluated from texture data and crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF) using prism slip as the dominant deformation mode, and both the lower bound and Bishop-Hill analyses were considered. Excellent correlations were noted between the experimental results and lower bound model predictions. Constant strain-rate impression tests were used to evaluate the directional dependence of the mechanical characteristics of recrystallized Zircaloy-2 TREX from which the mechanical anisotropy and formability parameters were derived. The poor correlation between the experimental results and plasticity-CODF model predictions is attributed to the large texture gradients of the thick-walled tube shells. These parameters determined at the mid-wall using the grid method, however, correlated excellently with the prism model. Biaxial creep of cladding materials is considered in terms of creep loci at constant energy dissipation for CWSR Zircaloy-4 along with the results by Stehle et al. on recrystallized Zircaloy-4 and by Suzuki et al. on Zircaloy-2. Moreover, the anisotropic yield locus developed for Zircaloy-2 by Suzuki et al. is also considered. The minor compositional differences between the two alloys have negligible influences on their textures as well as their creep behaviors, and all of these results on the recrystallized materials agreed with the predicted creep locus based on prism slip. Quantitative correlations were made by appropriately adjusting the creep compliance. The creep behavior of CWSR cladding was quite different from the recrystallized and correlated with the assumption of basal slip dominance. The application of creep anisotropy derived from CODF in predicting the out-of-pile and in-pile creep behaviors of fuel rod cladding is demonstrated by considering appropriate model equations for thermal and radiation creep components as well as radiation growth developed by Murty et al., Wilson et al., and Clevinger et al.
Precipitation Behavior, Texture and Mechanical Properties of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Produced by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (2010)

AZ80 magnesium alloy was subjected to ECAP(equal channel angular extrusion) processing at 300℃.The evolution of microstructure,texture and mechanical properties influenced by the precipitation was investigated.The results show that ECAP processing significantly favored granular-like Mg_(17)Al_(12) continuous precipitation in accompany with reducing time effectively during subsequent aging treatment;basal texture can be obtained via route A after ECAP with multi passes,whereas typical shear texture with most basal planes parallel to the shear plane of mode in route Bc;however the precipitation has not remarkable effect on the texture development during ECAP.A relative low ultimate tensile strength of 300 MPa and an improved elongation of 19%were obtained in the processed samples due to strong texture and coarse precipitates.Further optimization should be made by means of impeding the precipitation of the coarse particles before ECAP and decreasing the number of pass and pressing temperature.
Total knee arthroplasty using a hybrid navigation technique (2011)

The use of computer navigation is becoming a well-recognized technical alternative to conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, computer navigation has a substantial learning curve and the use of commercially available navigation systems increases surgical time. In addition, the potential risks associated with the navigation TKA, such as, registration errors, notching of the anterior femoral cortex, oversizing of the femoral component, and overresection must be taken into consideration. On the other hand, conventional techniques are familiar and intuitive to most practicing surgeons, and thus, are easier to perform and are less prone to anterior notching and femoral component oversizing. However, conventional techniques have greater risks of inaccurate and inconsistent component alignment than computer navigation. This paper describes a novel technique that combines computer navigation and conventional TKA.
Nikias et Ion, fabricants de céramique à Rhodé (1999)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron loss and subsequent atrophy of skeletal muscle. SMA is caused by deficiency of the essential <i>survival motor neuron</i> (SMN) protein, canonically responsible for the assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Therapeutics aimed at increasing SMN protein levels are efficacious in treating SMA. However, it remains unknown how deficiency of SMN results in motor neuron loss, resulting in many reported cellular functions of SMN and pathways affected in SMA. Herein is a perspective detailing what genetics and biochemistry have told us about SMA and SMN, from identifying the SMA determinant region of the genome, to the development of therapeutics. Furthermore, we will discuss how genetics and biochemistry have been used to understand SMN function and how we can determine which of these are critical to SMA moving forward.
A Long Journey in Lanthanide Chemistry: From Fundamental Crystallogenesis Studies to Commercial Anticounterfeiting Taggants (2016)

Lanthanide ions have unique physical properties and are essential for numerous technological devices. Indeed, much research has been undertaken in order to understand and optimize their luminescent behavior. From a chemical and more specific point of view, lanthanides can be used to build coordination polymers (CPs). CPs are materials in which metal ions are associated with organic molecules (ligands) to form extended networks. They present great structural diversity and a wide range of unique properties such as great porosity, strong catalytic activities, and original magnetic and luminescent behaviors. In this Account, we highlight recent research advances obtained by our team in the field of lanthanide-based CPs. However, rather than present a simple chronological description of successive investigations, we have chosen present our own experience in order to show how standard academic studies can be successfully turned into applied research and finally into a viable startup that commercializes these products as anticounterfieting taggants. A taggant is a compound that can be dispersed in a host matrix at parts per million rates for it to be labeled. Its economic advantages over traditional anticounterfeiting techniques (labels, chips, etc.) are its very low cost and its ability to label a raw material at every stage of its processing, unlike traditional techniques that label only the final product. It thus permits traceability of a given material over a wide range of suppliers/subcontractors/sellers or customers at every step of its life. After 15 years of fundamental crystallogenesis research, we identified a very stable phase of lanthanide-based CPs in which strong lanthanide luminescence can be observed. We investigated this phase further and showed that a heteronuclear approach can give access to billions of different compositions and makes it possible to turn these powders into taggants. After the creation of a startup, we refocused on fundamental studies in order to ensure its future development. This permitted the design of future generations of taggants and provided brightness- or color-tunable compounds as well as temperature-sensitive and soluble taggants. We hope to demonstrate here that strong fundamental research is a very effective tool to create a technological breakthrough that allows the development of efficient applicative research and competitive products and finally contributes to economic growth.
Lung function interpolation by means of neural-network-supported analysis of respiration sounds (2003)

Respiration sounds of individual asthmatic patients were analysed in the scope of the development of a method for computerised recognition of the degree of airways obstruction. Respiration sounds were recorded during laboratory sessions of allergen provoked airways obstruction, during several stages of advancing obstruction. The technique of artificial neural networks was applied for relating sound spectra and simultaneously measured lung function values (spirometry parameter FEV(1)). The ability of feedforward neural networks was tested to interpolate obstruction levels of FEV(1)-classes of which no members were included in the set used for training a network. In this way, a situation was simulated of an existing network recognising a new asthmatic attack under the same physiological conditions. It appeared to be possible to interpolate FEV(1) values, and it is concluded that a deterministic relationship exists between sound spectra and lung function parameter FEV(1). Variance optimisation appeared to be important in optimising the neural network configuration.
Unsupervised Learning of Object Landmarks through Conditional Image\n Generation (2018)

We propose a method for learning landmark detectors for visual objects (such\nas the eyes and the nose in a face) without any manual supervision. We cast\nthis as the problem of generating images that combine the appearance of the\nobject as seen in a first example image with the geometry of the object as seen\nin a second example image, where the two examples differ by a viewpoint change\nand/or an object deformation. In order to factorize appearance and geometry, we\nintroduce a tight bottleneck in the geometry-extraction process that selects\nand distils geometry-related features. Compared to standard image generation\nproblems, which often use generative adversarial networks, our generation task\nis conditioned on both appearance and geometry and thus is significantly less\nambiguous, to the point that adopting a simple perceptual loss formulation is\nsufficient. We demonstrate that our approach can learn object landmarks from\nsynthetic image deformations or videos, all without manual supervision, while\noutperforming state-of-the-art unsupervised landmark detectors. We further show\nthat our method is applicable to a large variety of datasets - faces, people,\n3D objects, and digits - without any modifications.\n
Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety profiles of preserved and preservative‐free tafluprost in healthy volunteers (2008)

Preservative-free tafluprost appeared to have similar pharmacokinetic properties to the preserved formulation and was generally well tolerated.