gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of dioxin effects on bone formation in vitro by a newly described aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, resveratrol (2000)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands are environmental contaminants found in cigarette smoke and other sources of air pollution. The prototypical compound is TCDD (2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), also known as dioxin. There is an increasing body of knowledge linking cigarette smoking to osteoporosis and periodontal disease, but the direct effects of smoke-associated aryl hydrocarbons on bone are not well understood. Through the use of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a plant antifungal compound that we have recently demonstrated to be a pure AhR antagonist, we have investigated the effects of TCDD on osteogenesis. It was postulated that TCDD would inhibit osteogenesis in bone-forming cultures and that this inhibition would be antagonized by resveratrol. We employed the chicken periosteal osteogenesis (CPO) model, which has been shown to form bone in vitro in a pattern morphologically and biochemically similar to that seen in vivo, as well as a rat stromal cell bone nodule formation model. In the CPO model, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was reduced by up to 50% (P<0.01 vs control) in the presence of 10(-9) M TCDD and these effects were reversed by 10(-6) M resveratrol (P<0.05 vs TCDD alone). TCDD-mediated inhibition of osteogenesis was restricted primarily to the osteoblastic differentiation phase (days 0-2) as later addition did not appear to have any effects. Message levels for important bone-associated proteins (in the CPO model) such as collagen type I, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and AP were inhibited by TCDD, an effect that was antagonized by resveratrol. Similar findings were obtained using the rat stromal bone cell line. TCDD (at concentrations as low as 10(-10)M) caused an approximately 33% reduction in AP activity, which was abrogated by 3. 5x10(-7) M resveratrol. TCDD also induced a marked reduction in mineralization ( approximately 75%) which was completely antagonized by resveratrol. These data suggest that AhR ligands inhibit osteogenesis probably through inhibition of osteodifferentiation and that this effect can be antagonized by resveratrol. Since high levels of AhR ligands are found in cigarette smoke, and further since smoking is an important risk factor in both osteoporosis and periodontal disease, it may be postulated that AhR ligands are the component of cigarette smoke linking smoking to osteoporosis and periodontal disease. If so, resveratrol could prove to be a promising preventive or therapeutic agent for smoking-related bone loss.
Interaction Between Volatile Anesthetics and Hypoxia in Porcine Tracheal Smooth Muscle (2000)

Hypoxia inhibits agonist-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction with an increase in free Ca2+ [Ca2+]i, which comes from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Hypoxia also potentiates the inhibitory effect of volatile anesthetics on airway smooth muscle contraction. Conversely, there is a possibility that the treatment of asthmatic patients with oxygen partially attenuates the inhibitory effect of volatile anesthetics on airway smooth muscle contractility.
Verification of GPS aided error compensation method for eLoran using raw TOA measurements (2011)

eLoran is an enhanced Loran-C which uses TOA measurements and improves navigation accuracy. TOA measurements of eLoran include some kinds of error factors and eLoran navigation algorithm can fail estimation of precise position due to these error factors. Therefore, in order to improve navigation performance of eLoran, all error factors of TOA measurements must be compensated. But compensation of some biases like ASF, clock bias and unknown biases are so difficult and requiring large memory, while PF or SF can be easily calculated. Therefore, this paper proposes GPS aided error compensation method. GPS aided error compensation method is using true range that calculated with receiver position and eLoran station using GPS solution. Proposed method can compensate all error factors simply included in TOA measurements of eLoran. In this paper, raw measurements measured in Europe are used to verify proposed method and navigation algorithm. This raw data is compensated with calculated errors using combination of typical or proposed method.
Turing Test and conversation (1999)

Ankara : Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 1999.
Notiz zur Synthese von Benz[<i>a</i>]anthracenchinonen (1982)

Note on the Synthesis of Benz[ a ]anthracenequinones Benz[ a ]anthracenequinone 6 and not the expected naphthacenequinone 5 was obtained by the cyclisation of 4b under the conditions of the Marschalk reaction.
Blockchain protocols in clinical trials: Transparency and traceability of consent (2018)

Clinical trial consent for protocols and their revisions should be transparent for patients and traceable for stakeholders. Our goal is to implement a process allowing for collection of patients' informed consent, which is bound to protocol revisions, storing and tracking the consent in a secure, unfalsifiable and publicly verifiable way, and enabling the sharing of this information in real time. For that, we build a consent workflow using a trending technology called Blockchain. This is a distributed technology that brings a built-in layer of transparency and traceability. From a more general and prospective point of view, we believe Blockchain technology brings a paradigmatical shift to the entire clinical research field. We designed a Proof-of-Concept protocol consisting of time-stamping each step of the patient's consent collection using Blockchain, thus archiving and historicising the consent through cryptographic validation in a securely unfalsifiable and transparent way. For each protocol revision, consent was sought again. We obtained a single document, in an open format, that accounted for the whole consent collection process: a time-stamped consent status regarding each version of the protocol. This document cannot be corrupted and can be checked on any dedicated public website. It should be considered a robust proof of data. However, in a live clinical trial, the authentication system should be strengthened to remove the need for third parties, here trial stakeholders, and give participative control to the peer users. In the future, the complex data flow of a clinical trial could be tracked by using Blockchain, which core functionality, named Smart Contract, could help prevent clinical trial events not occurring in the correct chronological order, for example including patients before they consented or analysing case report form data before freezing the database. Globally, Blockchain could help with reliability, security, transparency and could be a consistent step toward reproducibility.
Distance sets for shape filters and shape recognition (2003)

We introduce a novel rich local descriptor of an image point, we call the (labeled) distance set, which is determined by the spatial arrangement of image features around that point. We describe a two-dimensional (2D) visual object by the set of (labeled) distance sets associated with the feature points of that object. Based on a dissimilarity measure between (labeled) distance sets and a dissimilarity measure between sets of (labeled) distance sets, we address two problems that are often encountered in object recognition: object segmentation, for which we formulate a distance sets shape filter, and shape matching. The use of the shape filter is illustrated on printed and handwritten character recognition and detection of traffic signs in complex scenes. The shape comparison procedure is illustrated on handwritten character classification, COIL-20 database object recognition and MPEG-7 silhouette database retrieval.
Chemical Synthesis of RNA Sequences with 2′‐<i>O</i>‐[(Triisopropylsilyl)oxy]methyl‐protected Ribonucleoside Phosphoramidites (2001)

The [(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]methyl (TOM) group is a useful protecting group for the 2'-OH of ribonucleosides to be used for oligoribonucleotide synthesis by the phosphoramidite method. It is completely stable to all reaction conditions applied during assembly and the first deprotection step. It does not interfere with the coupling reaction and leads to very good coupling yields under DNA-coupling conditions. The final cleavage occurs quantitatively without concomitant destruction of the RNA product. This unit describes the synthesis of TOM-phosphoramidites from 2'-O-TOM-5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N-acetyl ribonucleosides, oligoribonucleotide assembly on an automated DNA synthesizer, and subsequent deprotection. Preparation of the TOM-protected ribonucleosides is presented elsewhere in the series.
Physiological and Therapeutic Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (2002)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor isoforms, including PPARgamma, PPARalpha, and PPARdelta, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs) within promoters. PPARs bind as heterodimers with a retinoid X receptor and, upon binding agonist, interact with cofactors increasing the rate of transcription initiation. The PPARs play a critical physiological role as lipid sensors and regulators of lipid metabolism. Natural ligands for the PPARs include fatty acids and eicosanoids. More potent synthetic PPAR ligands, including the fibrates and thiazolidinediones, are effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes. Use of selective ligands led to the discovery of additional potential roles for the PPARs in pathological states, including atherosclerosis, inflammation, and hypertension. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms of PPAR action and the involvement of the PPARs in the etiology and treatment of several chronic diseases.
Sequential, co-registered fluorine and proton field-cycled Overhauser imaging at a detection field of 59 mT (2006)

In this work we show the feasibility of sequential, co-registered fluorine and proton field-cycled Overhauser imaging at a detection field of 59 mT. To this purpose we have built an RF coil assembly comprising an Alderman-Grant resonator for EPR irradiation at 127.7 MHz (evolution field of 4.5 mT) and a solenoidal coil for (19)F or (1)H MRI acquisition at the detection field of 59 mT. A removable tuning/matching circuit that allows the solenoid to be tuned to the (19)F frequency (2.346 MHz, FEDRI) or the (1)H frequency (2.494 MHz, PEDRI) without removing the sample was built and tested. Switching of the solenoid between the (19)F and (1)H frequency is thus achieved in less than 1 min. The co-registered FC-FEDRI and FC-PEDRI images show higher enhancement in the sample regions with higher free radical concentration. This work is the first methodological step towards the development of an MRI scanner capable of acquiring morphological ((1)H) and physiological ((19)F) images in animal models at very low fields.
Design framework for metasurface optics-based convolutional neural networks (2021)

Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been shown to significantly outperform many conventional vision algorithms. Despite efforts to increase the CNN efficiency both algorithmically and with specialized hardware, deep learning remains difficult to deploy in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework to explore how to optically compute the CNNs in free-space, much like a computational camera. Compared to existing free-space optics-based approaches that are limited to processing single-channel (i.e., gray scale) inputs, we propose the first general approach, based on nanoscale metasurface optics, that can process RGB input data. Our system achieves up to an order of magnitude energy savings and simplifies the sensor design, all the while sacrificing little network accuracy.
Abnormal Chondrocyte Apoptosis in the Cartilage Growth Plate is Influenced by Genetic Background and Deletion of CHOP in a Targeted Mouse Model of Pseudoachondroplasia (2014)

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and characterised by short limbed dwarfism and early onset osteoarthritis. Mouse models of PSACH show variable retention of mutant COMP in the ER of chondrocytes, however, in each case a different stress pathway is activated and the underlying disease mechanisms remain largely unknown. T585M COMP mutant mice are a model of moderate PSACH and demonstrate a mild ER stress response. Although mutant COMP is not retained in significant quantities within the ER of chondrocytes, both BiP and the pro-apoptotic ER stress-related transcription factor CHOP are mildly elevated, whilst bcl-2 levels are decreased, resulting in increased and spatially dysregulated chondrocyte apoptosis. To determine whether the abnormal chondrocyte apoptosis observed in the growth plate of mutant mice is CHOP-mediated, we bred T585M COMP mutant mice with CHOP-null mice to homozygosity, and analysed the resulting phenotype. Although abnormal apoptosis was alleviated in the resting zone following CHOP deletion, the mutant growth plates were generally more disorganised. Furthermore, the bone lengths of COMP mutant CHOP null mice were significantly shorter at 9 weeks of age when compared to the COMP mutant mice, including a significant difference in the skull length. Overall, these data demonstrate that CHOP-mediated apoptosis is an early event in the pathobiology of PSACH and suggest that the lack of CHOP, in conjunction with a COMP mutation, may lead to aggravation of the skeletal phenotype via a potentially synergistic effect on endochondral ossification.
Methylenes as Intermediates in Polar Reactions. XXI. A Sulfur-containing Methylene<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylenes as Intermediates in Polar Reactions. XXI. A Sulfur-containing Methylene1Jack Hine and John J. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 6118–6120Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser-excited fluorescence probes for surface flashover studies of the insulator celcon (2005)

We report on the utilization of fluorescence probes for the study of damage to the insulator Celcon under electrical stress and surface flashover. Such probes reveal chemical and structural changes caused by application of voltages that are far lower than the surface flashover voltage. In particular, we describe results observed with the fluorescence probes rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 101, and Eastman Yellow.
Stereo- and oligo-controlled synthesis of oligo[p-phenylene-(E)-vinylene]-p-benzoic acid derivatives: basic building blocks for oligo[p-phenylene-(E)-vinylene]s (1994)

Oligo[p-phenylene-(E)-vinylene]benzoic acids of up to four aromatic units are synthesized in complete oligo- and excellent (E)-stereo-control via an iterative modified Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction; these extended π-systems can be used to construct oligo [p-phenylene(E)-vinylene]s in good yields.
Application of Space-Time Mapping Analysis Method to Unsteady Nonlinear Gust-Airfoil Interaction Problem (2003)

This paper is concerned with the application of a new Space-Time Mapping Analysis (STMA) method to a nonlinear, inviscid computation of unsteady airfoil response to an impinging, highintensity, vortical gust. The method solves the unsteady problem as a steady-state one by treating the time coordinate identically to the space directions. A high-order discretization scheme is provided to achieve time-accurate predictions of both unsteady aerodynamic and aeroacoustic responses. The obtained results show localized zones in the computational plane where nonlinear response effects become important.
Software-defined networking for low-latency 5G core network (2016)

Mobile communications have grown exponentially these last few years leading to an increasing demand. Software-Defined Networking appears to be a promising technology in order to provide flexible Quality of Service and very low latency. By modifying the 4G LTE architecture and integrating OpenFlow (SDN protocol) towards the 5G architecture, this new architecture promises to fulfill the requirements and to achieve better performances while participating to the network functions virtualization.
Extracorporeal photopheresis: Clinical use so far (2012)

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP or photopheresis) is an advanced therapeutic apheresis procedure in which blood is separated into its various components and the isolated buffy coat is treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (a photoactivating drug), exposed to ultraviolet light and returned to the patient. All other remaining blood components are also returned to the patient. The purpose of this procedure is immunomodulation. The treated leukocytes, specifically T-cells, are returned to the patient's circulation and will induce cytotoxicity and reduce proliferation of new T-cells. In the United States, ECP was initially approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by the US Food and Drug Administration in the late 1980s. Since that time, it has been used as an "off-label" therapy to treat several other autoimmune diseases in the United States and even more extensively in Europe and Asia. The following review is limited to the current clinical use of ECP in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Crohn's disease, systemic sclerosis, graft versus host disease, and emerging data on nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
Association of High Coronary Heart Disease Risk Status With Circulating Oxidized LDL in the Well-Functioning Elderly (2003)

The odds ratio for elevated oxLDL among persons with high CHD risk before any CHD events was higher than that among persons with established CHD. A likely explanation is that once CHD is diagnosed, individuals are frequently treated with a statin, which is associated with lowering of LDL cholesterol and oxLDL levels.
Repair of Large Abdominal Wall Defects with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (1987)

Most abdominal wall incisional hernias can be repaired by primary closure. However, where the defect is large or there is tension on the closure, the use of a prosthetic material is indicated. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patches were used to repair incisional hernias in 28 patients between November 1983 and December 1986. Twelve of these patients (43%) had a prior failure of a primary repair. Reherniation occurred in three patients (10.7%). Wound infections developed in two patients (7.1%), both of whom had existing intestinal stomas, one with an intercurrent pelvic abscess. The prosthetic patch was removed in the patient with the abscess, but the infection was resolved in the other without sequelae. Septic complications did not occur after any operations performed in uncontaminated fields. None of the patients exhibited any undue discomfort, wound pain, erythema, or induration. Complications related to adhesions, erosion of the patch material into the viscera, bowel obstruction, or fistula formation did not occur. Based on this clinical experience, the authors believe that the PTFE patch appears to represent an advance in synthetic abdominal wall substitutes.
Serum cytokine and soluble interleukin‐2 receptors in patients with panic disorder (1994)

There has been very little research investigating the interface between panic disorder and the immune system. This preliminary study explores the relationship between panic disorder and serum levels of cytokines, which have potent immune and central nervous system activity, and soluble interleukin-2 receptors, a well-known marker of T-cell activation. Fifteen women with panic disorder and 19 healthy female subjects had serum levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-2, and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (SIL-2Rs) measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Women with panic disorder had slightly increased serum levels of interleukin-2 but did not differ from age-comparable and gender-matched controls in serum interleukin-1 alpha, or interleukin-1 beta. And although the mean SIL-2R levels were not different for the two groups, the SIL-2R levels were present across a wider range of values in the women with panic disorder. Our data suggest that more extensive investigation of circulating levels of interleukin-2 and the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with panic disorder may be warranted.
Atrial pacing stimulates secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide without elevation of atrial pressure in awake dogs with experimental complete atrioventricular block. (1990)

To clarify whether or not tachycardia stimulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) without elevation of atrial pressure, we examined the effects of atrial pacing on ANP secretion in awake dogs with normal sinus rhythm and with complete atrioventricular block (CAVB), which was produced surgically by heat cauterization of His' bundle. In four dogs with normal sinus rhythm, atrial pacing increased the atrial rate from 146 +/- 20 to 260 +/- 10 beats/min, with marked elevation of right atrial pressure (from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.9 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) and left atrial pressure (from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 8.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg). Along with the hemodynamic changes, the ANP level in plasma obtained from the coronary sinus was increased from 405 +/- 99 to 849 +/- 199 pg/ml (p less than 0.01). In five dogs with CAVB, the ANP level was also significantly increased from 730 +/- 82 to 1,137 +/- 35 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) by rapid atrial pacing (from 164 +/- 20 to 317 +/- 30 beats/min) in spite of the lack of any appreciable changes in either left or right atrial pressure. Furthermore, in the CAVB group, while the ventricular rate was increased by ventricular pacing from 52 +/- 5 to 146 +/- 16 beats/min, atrial pacing was performed simultaneously without atrioventricular (A-V) sequential form. Even under this condition, the ANP level was increased from 480 +/- 172 to 626 +/- 223 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) without any substantial changes in atrial pressure. Such effects of rapid atrial pacing on ANP secretion were suppressed after infusion of autonomic blocking agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)