gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endosidin20‐1 is more potent than endosidin20 in inhibiting plant cellulose biosynthesis and molecular docking analysis of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors on modeled cellulose synthase structure (2021)

Endosidin20 (ES20) is a recently identified cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) that targets the catalytic site of plant cellulose synthase (CESA). Here, we screened over 600 ES20 analogs and identified nine active analogs named ES20-1 to ES20-9. Among these, endosidin20-1 (ES20-1) had stronger inhibitory effects on plant growth and cellulose biosynthesis than ES20. At the biochemical level, we demonstrated that ES20-1, like ES20, directly interacts with CESA6. At the cellular level, this molecule, like ES20, induced the accumulation of cellulose synthase complexes at the Golgi apparatus and inhibited their secretion to the plasma membrane. Like ES20, ES20-1 likely targets the catalytic site of CESA. However, through molecular docking analysis using a modeled structure of full-length CESA6, we found that both ES20 and ES20-1 might have another target site at the transmembrane regions of CESA6. Besides ES20, other CBIs such as isoxaben, C17, and flupoxam are widely used tools to dissect the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and are also valuable resources for the development of herbicides. Here, based on mutant genetic analysis and molecular docking analysis, we have identified the potential target sites of these CBIs on a modeled CESA structure. Some bacteria also produce cellulose, and both ES20 and ES20-1 inhibited bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. Therefore, we conclude that ES20-1 is a more potent analog of ES20 that inhibits intrinsic cellulose biosynthesis in plants, and both ES20 and ES20-1 show an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and cellulose synthesis, making them excellent tools for exploring the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis across kingdoms.
Formation of Stable<i>trans</i>-Dihydride Ruthenium(II) and 16-Electron Ruthenium(0) Complexes Based on Phosphinite PONOP Pincer Ligands. Reactivity toward Water and Electrophiles (2009)

The synthesis of a series of new ruthenium complexes based on the new PONOP ligands 1 and 10 ((C5H3N-1,3-(OPR2)2: 1, R = iPr; 10, R = tBu) is presented, including the stable trans-dihydride complexes (iPr-PONOP)Ru(H)2(PPh3) (4) and (tBu-PONOP)Ru(H)2(CO) (12) and the stable Ru(0) complexes (R-PONOP)Ru(CO)2 (6, R = iPr; 15, R = tBu). A surprisingly stable 16-electron Ru(0) complex (13) was formed by deprotonation of 12 with KOtBu. Complex 13 reacts with H2 to afford the cis-dihydride complex 12a, which isomerized to the trans-dihydride 12. Complex 13 reacted with CO to afford the saturated Ru(0) complex 15. Reaction of complex 12 with water led to hydrolysis of the phosphinite PONOP ligand and rearrangement to a dimeric product (14). Reaction of the trans-dihydride complex 4 with the electrophiles PhCOCl, MeI, and MeOTf led to abstraction of one of the hydride ligands, forming the monohydride complexes (iPr-PONOP)Ru(H)(PPh3)(X) (X = Cl (2), I (8a), OTf (8b)) together with benzaldehyde in the case of 2. Similarly, 12 afforded the monohydride complexes (tBu-PONOP)Ru(H)(CO)(X) (X = Cl (11), OTf (17), I (18)). Reaction of the Ru(0) complexes 6 and 15 with water resulted in hydrolysis of the O−P bond and formation of the zwitterionic complexes 7 and 16. Treatment of 2 and 11 with MeOTf or MeI resulted in abstraction of the chloride ligand rather than the hydride, forming complexes 8a,b and 17, 18, respectively. Additional syntheses of complexes based on ligands 1 and 10 are presented.
Transgenic mouse model for the fragile X syndrome (1996)

Transgenic fragile X knockout mice have been constructed to provide an animal model to study the physiologic function of the fragile X gene (FMR1) and to gain more insight into the clinical phenotype caused by the absence of the fragile X protein. Initial experiments suggested that the knockout mice show macroorchidism and cognitive and behavioral deficits, abnormalities comparable to those of human fragile X patients. In the present study, we have extended our experiments, and conclude that the Fmr1 knockout mouse is a reliable transgenic model to study the fragile X syndrome.
Biomolecular Characterization and Protein Sequences of the Campanian Hadrosaur <i>B. canadensis</i> (2009)

Molecular preservation in non-avian dinosaurs is controversial. We present multiple lines of evidence that endogenous proteinaceous material is preserved in bone fragments and soft tissues from an 80-million-year-old Campanian hadrosaur, Brachylophosaurus canadensis [Museum of the Rockies (MOR) 2598]. Microstructural and immunological data are consistent with preservation of multiple bone matrix and vessel proteins, and phylogenetic analyses of Brachylophosaurus collagen sequenced by mass spectrometry robustly support the bird-dinosaur clade, consistent with an endogenous source for these collagen peptides. These data complement earlier results from Tyrannosaurus rex (MOR 1125) and confirm that molecular preservation in Cretaceous dinosaurs is not a unique event.
Small power tapping from HVDC transmission systems: a novel approach (1997)

This paper deals with the issue of small power tapping from HVDC transmission systems. Based on the availability of powerful solid-state devices in the market, a novel solution is proposed and studied. The proposed scheme is digitally simulated by the aid of the EMTDC/PSCAD software package. Simulation results indicate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. The operation of the tapping station meets necessary standards in terms of power quality as well as the nondependency of the tapped power on the normal range of power being transmitted through the HVDC line.
Calcium in the control of renin release (1978)

The effect of Ca concentrations in the incubation medium and of estimated intracellular Ca concentrations on renin release was examined with use of pig renal cortical slices. In addition, the Ca requirement for the epinephrine stimulatory effect and for the ouabain inhibitory action on renin release was also tested. In mediums containing 5.9 mM K, variations in Ca concentration had no effect on renin release. In contrast, when the K concentration was 59 mM, a significant inhibition of renin release was attained with all concentrations of calcium. The inhibition of renin release in high K mediums by Ca was attributed to an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration. In addition, both the stimulatory effect of epinephrine and the inhibitory effect of ouabain on renin release required Ca in the medium. These results support the hypothesis that the control of renin secretion is mediated, in part, by changes in the intracellular concentration of Ca, most likely in the juxtaglomerular cells.
Ammoniated maize residue for the fattening of lambs (1983)

The use of ammoniated maize residue as a replacement for maize meal in the diet for fattening lambs, was investigated. Ammoniation of maize residue increased average daily DMI and ADG at the 0 and 20oh concentrate levels. The feed conversions to carcass in lambs fed untreated maize residue with 40,60 or 80% concentrate were 14,0; 10,1 and 8,1, respectively, and for the ammoniated residue with 0, 20,40,60 or 80% concentratew ere 14,6;1 1,6;9 ,9;9 ,4; and 8.5,r espectively. Concentrate levels significantly affected digestibility in both untreated and ammoniated diets. Ruminal ammonia-N levels were between 180-250 mgl l and were signi f icant lyh ighero n ammoniated maize residue at the 40 and 80% concentrate levels. Ammoniation of maize residue increased lamb performance at low concentrate levels. Die gebruikv an geammonifiseerdem ielierestea s 'n plaasvervanger vir mieliemeel in die rantsoen vir die vetmaak van lammers is ondersoek. Ammonifisering van mieliereste het die gemiddelde daaglikse DMI en ADG laat toeneem by die 0 en 20% konsentraatvlakkeD. ie omset van voer na karkas in lammers wat onbehandelde mieliereste met 40, 60 en 80% konsentraat ontvang het, was 14,0; 10,1 en 8,1 en vir die geam monifiseerde reste met 0, 20, 40,60 of 80% konsentraat was dit 14,6;1 1,6;9 ,9;9 ,4 en 8,5 onderskeidelikK. onsentraatvlakke het verteerbaarheidb etekenisvolb einvloedi n die onbehandelde sowel as die geammonifiseerdera ntsoene.A mmonium-N vlakke in die grootpens was tussen 180-250 mg/l en was betekenisvolh o€r op geammonifiseerdem ielieresteb y die 40 en 80% konsentraatvlakkeA. mmonifiseringv an mielieresteh et die produksiev an lammerso p lae konsentraatvlakkvee rhoog. Keywords : Ammoniation, maize residue, lamb growth and fattening, feed conversion,in vivo digestibility, nitrogen digestibility, rumen parameters.
Normalization of NAD <sup>+</sup> Redox Balance as a Therapy for Heart Failure (2016)

We show that mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation due to NAD(+) redox imbalance contributes to the pathologic remodeling of the heart via 2 distinct mechanisms. Our preclinical data demonstrate a clear benefit of normalizing NADH/NAD(+) imbalance in the failing hearts. These findings have a high translational potential as the pharmacologic strategy of increasing NAD(+) precursors are feasible in humans.
Detection of recent myocardial ischaemia by molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography (2007)

Molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted MCE can identify the presence of recently ischaemic myocardium in the absence of necrosis and after resolution of hypoperfusion and post-ischaemic stunning. This technique can potentially provide a method for risk stratifying patients with acute chest pain.
Azasteroid. IV (1958)

Methyl 7α-hydroxycholanate of high purity was obtained in 46% yield from methyl cholate by the improved method. This 7-hydroxyl compound was oxidized to 7-oxocholanic acid derivative, which was derived to B-azacholane derivative by conversion of 7-oxo derivative (VIIb) to 7-oximino compound and its Beckmann rearrangement to 7-oxo-7a-aza-B-homocholane derivative. Cleavage of 7-oxo compounds (VIIa, VIIb) by two methods gave, through 7-oxo-7a-oxa compound, 8-oxo-7, 8-secocholane derivatives. Reaction of methyl 6, 7a-dioxo-7-oxa-B-homocholanate and urea gave methyl 6, 7a-dioxo-7-aza-B-homocholanate, which was led to 7-aza-B-homocholane derivative.
Water diffusion and permeability in unsaturated polyester resin films characterized by measurements performed with a water-specific permeameter: Analysis of the transient permeation (1999)

A water-specific permeameter was developed to study water diffusion in an unsaturated polyester; these polyesters are often used as high-barrier materials. Low water enrichment of a dry sweeping gas is measured via the dew point temperature, with two hygrometers, one of which is used because of its fast response and the other because of its accuracy. This high-performance device is just as suited to pervaporation as to permeation tests and allows the transient and stationary fluxes to be characterized. At first sight, the experimental data seem in good agreement with D = D0eγC. However, a more thorough study has shown a time-dependence of D. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3380–3395, 1999
Enzymatic Resolution of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-2-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)thiazoles, Synthetic Equivalents of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-2-Hydroxy Aldehydes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEnzymatic Resolution of (R)- and (S)-2-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)thiazoles, Synthetic Equivalents of (R)- and (S)-2-Hydroxy AldehydesPietro Allevi, Pierangela Ciuffreda, Giorgio Tarocco, and Mario AnastasiaView Author Information Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 - Milan, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 12, 4144–4147Publication Date (Web):June 14, 1996Publication History Received27 November 1995Published online14 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo952082thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo952082tbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins,Solvents,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Model Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis (2012)

A model's purpose is to inform medical decisions and health care resource allocation. Modelers employ quantitative methods to structure the clinical, epidemiological, and economic evidence base and gain qualitative insight to assist decision makers in making better decisions. From a policy perspective, the value of a model-based analysis lies not simply in its ability to generate a precise point estimate for a specific outcome but also in the systematic examination and responsible reporting of uncertainty surrounding this outcome and the ultimate decision being addressed. Different concepts relating to uncertainty in decision modeling are explored. Stochastic (first-order) uncertainty is distinguished from both parameter (second-order) uncertainty and from heterogeneity, with structural uncertainty relating to the model itself forming another level of uncertainty to consider. The article argues that the estimation of point estimates and uncertainty in parameters is part of a single process and explores the link between parameter uncertainty through to decision uncertainty and the relationship to value-of-information analysis. The article also makes extensive recommendations around the reporting of uncertainty, both in terms of deterministic sensitivity analysis techniques and probabilistic methods. Expected value of perfect information is argued to be the most appropriate presentational technique, alongside cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, for representing decision uncertainty from probabilistic analysis.
Analysis and Testing of Electrorheological Bypass Dampers (1999)

We experimentally validate nonlinear quasi-steady electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) damper models, using an idealized Bingham plastic shear flow mechanism, for the flow mode of damper operation. An electrorheological valve or bypass damper was designed, and fabricated using predominantly commercial off-the-shelf hydraulic components. Both the hydraulic cylinder and the bypass duct have cylindrical geometry, and damping forces are developed in the annular bypass via Poiseuille (flow mode) flow. Damper models assume parallel plate geometry. Three nondimensional groups are used for damper analysis, namely, the Bingham number, Bi, the nondimensional plug thickness, 6, and the area coefficient defined as the ratio of the piston head area, AP, to the cross-sectional area of the annular bypass, Ad. In the flow mode case, the damping coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of equivalent viscous damping of the Bingham plastic material, Ceq, to the Newtonian viscous damping, C, is a function only of the nondimensional plug thickness. The damper was tested using a mechanical damper dynamometer for sinusoidal stroke of 2 in., over a range of frequencies below 0.63 Hz. The damping coefficient vs. nondimensional plug thickness diagram was experimentally validated using these data over a range of damper shaft velocities or frequencies and applied electric fields. Because the behavior of ER and MR fluids are qualitatively similar, these ER damper modeling results can be extended to analysis of flow mode MR dampers.
Unexpected effects of peripherally administered kynurenic acid on cortical spreading depression and related blood&ndash;brain barrier permeability (2013)

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) involves a slowly-propagating depolarization wave in the cortex, which can appear in numerous pathophysiological conditions, such as migraine with aura, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Neurons and glial cells are also depolarized transiently during the phenomena. CSD is followed by a massive increase in glutamate release and by changes in the brain microcirculation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, endogenous kynurenic acid (KYNA) and dizocilpine, on CSD and the related blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in rats. In intact animals, KYNA hardly crosses the BBB but has some positive features as compared with its precursor L-Kynurenine, which is frequently used in animal studies (KYNA cannot be metabolized to excitotoxic agents such as 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid). We therefore investigated the possible effects of peripherally administered KYNA. Repetitive CSD waves were elicited by the application of 1 M KCl solution to the cortex. Direct current-electrocorticograms were measured for 1 hour. Four parameters of the waves were compared. Evans blue dye and fluorescent microscopy were used to study the possible changes in the permeability of the BBB. The results demonstrated that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists can reduce the number of CSD waves and decrease the permeability of the BBB during CSD. These results suggest that KYNA itself or its derivatives may offer a new approach in the therapy of migraines.
Psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder: perspectives from a Nigerian setting (2010)

Sickle Cell Disorder is a global health problem with psychosocial implications. Nigeria has the largest population of people with sickle cell disorder, with about 150,000 births annually. This study explored the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder in 408 adolescents and adults attending three hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire was designed for the study, with some of commonly described areas of psychosocial impact including general public perceptions and attitudes, education, employment, and healthcare issues, and emotional responses.The majority of participants thought that society in general had a negative image of SCD, and reported negative perceptions and attitudes. Some issues in education, employment, and healthcare were expressed, however these were in the minority of cases. The results also showed that depressive feelings were experienced in almost half the study population, even though feelings of anxiety or self-hate were uncommon. Clinical implications of these findings are considered.
Dinaphthopentalenes: Pentalene Derivatives for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2010)

Extended π system: A nickel(0)-mediated reaction afforded dinaphthopentalene derivatives, whose electronic and electrochemical properties depend on the fusion patterns. Very high hole mobility was observed for an amorphous material, and the compounds are applicable to organic heterojunction photovoltaic cells (see picture).
Sub-50-nm lithography in amorphous Se-Ge inorganic resist by electron beam exposure (1982)

Ag2Se/Se90Ge10 inorganic resist has been used to produce sub-50-nm lines by electron beam lithography. 35–50-nm-wide lines have been defined by wet chemical processing in 70-nm-thick Se-Ge resist supported on a 50-nm silicon nitride membrane. The effects of different chemical etchants on resolution are described.
Rain and groundwater as phosphorus sources of a small reservoir (2003)

Abstract At Broa hydroelectric reservoir 82% of phosphorus (P) input is from rivers, 12% from groundwater seepage input and 6% from direct rainfall. The reservoir retains 15% of incoming P, corresponding to 73 mg/m 2 /year sedimentation. Proportions of water input are 36% from groundwater seepage in the dry season and 68% from seepage and 3% from direct rainfall in the rainy season; the remainder comes from rivers. Average P concentration during the 1996 rainy season was 27 μg/L in rain, 6.1 in groundwater, 68.54 in rivers and 33.56 in outflow.
Low-noise LD module with an optical isolator using a highly bi-substituted garnet film (1987)

We have developed a new type of laser diode (LD) module in the 1.3 μm wavelength range coupled to a single-mode fibre with an optical isolator. The isolator comprises a highly Bi-substituted garnet film grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) as a Faraday rotator. Since the garnet film is used also as a window of the hermetic seal of the LD, the reflection from the focusing lens used for fibre coupling is not allowed to return to the LD by the optical isolator. As a result, the reflection noise of the LD is prefectly suppressed. We have achieved a low-noise and compact LD module by using this construction.
Size-Dependent Dextran Transport across Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers (1997)

The transport of dextrans (approximately 4 to approximately 150 kDa) across an in vitro model of the alveolar epithelial barrier was studied to determine the effects of molecular size on pulmonary absorption of macromolecular drugs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextrans (FDs) with average molecular weights (all in kDa) of 3.86 (FD4), 9 (FD10), 19.8 (FD20), 40.5 (FD40), 71.6 (FD70), and 156.9 (FD150) were utilized as model macromolecular drugs. Unidirectional fluxes of FDs at 37 and 4 degrees C were measured from the appearance rates of FD in the receiver fluid of open-circuited monolayers (>2000 omega-cm2) of rat alveolar epithelial cells. Apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) were estimated from the observed flux and the corresponding concentration gradient of FD. Results showed that FD fluxes were the same in both apical-to-basolateral (AB) and opposite (BA) directions at each molecular weight studied. The P(app) was not significantly different at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL FD40 donor concentrations. The FD P(app) (x 10(-8)cm/s) decreased gradually from 1.35 for FD4 to 0.32 for FD40, indicating an apparent inverse relationship between P(app) and molecular weight of FD. By contrast, P(app) was about the same at 0.13 for both FD70 and FD150. When experimental temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, P(app) decreased by approximately 40% for FDs of 4 through 40 kDa, whereas the decrease in P(app) was by approximately 80% for larger FDs of both 70 and 150 kDa. Moreover, these FDs were found to be relatively intact (approximately 90%) in either receiver fluid after 5-h flux experiments without detectable levels of metabolites in the respective donor fluid, suggesting that alveolar epithelial cells allow translocation of FDs intact across the barrier. Equivalent pore analysis, assuming restricted diffusion of FDs of 4-40 kDa via cylindrical, water-filled pores across the cell monolayer revealed a population of large equivalent pores with approximately 5.6 nm radius. These data suggest that smaller macromolecules (radius <5 nm) traverse the alveolar epithelial barrier via paracellular pathways, and that larger (i.e., radius > or = 6 nm) macromolecules likely cross the barrier via other pathways (e.g., pinocytosis).