gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Burning alternative fuels in rotary cement kilns (2006)

Various types of alternative fuels can be used in rotary kilns depending on the local supply availability, and each one has a specific influence on the flame pattern. Low calorific value waste fuels must be limited to a small portion of the total heat release as they tend to lower flame temperature, but a compromise can be reached when firing high and low calorific value alternative fuels simultaneously, which enables control of both the calcining process and the NOx emissions. Therefore, a flexible burner is required to allow firing any kind of residue combination depending on the supply available, while maintaining kiln production levels, clinker quality and environmental standards. Basic burner design for alternative fuels and experience from several plants firing solid and liquid wastes was detailed in this paper
Characterization of human DNGR-1+ BDCA3+ leukocytes as putative equivalents of mouse CD8α+ dendritic cells (2010)

In mouse, a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) known as CD8alpha+ DCs has emerged as an important player in the regulation of T cell responses and a promising target in vaccination strategies. However, translation into clinical protocols has been hampered by the failure to identify CD8alpha+ DCs in humans. Here, we characterize a population of human DCs that expresses DNGR-1 (CLEC9A) and high levels of BDCA3 and resembles mouse CD8alpha+ DCs in phenotype and function. We describe the presence of such cells in the spleens of humans and humanized mice and report on a protocol to generate them in vitro. Like mouse CD8alpha+ DCs, human DNGR-1+ BDCA3hi DCs express Necl2, CD207, BATF3, IRF8, and TLR3, but not CD11b, IRF4, TLR7, or (unlike CD8alpha+ DCs) TLR9. DNGR-1+ BDCA3hi DCs respond to poly I:C and agonists of TLR8, but not of TLR7, and produce interleukin (IL)-12 when given innate and T cell-derived signals. Notably, DNGR-1+ BDCA3+ DCs from in vitro cultures efficiently internalize material from dead cells and can cross-present exogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells upon treatment with poly I:C. The characterization of human DNGR-1+ BDCA3hi DCs and the ability to grow them in vitro opens the door for exploiting this subset in immunotherapy.
On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze (2004)

In eye typing systems, a dwell time that adjusts to the user's natural typing speed is highly desirable. We present an algorithm for on-line adjustment of dwell time developed after detailed analysis of exit time upon selection of virtual keys. Exit time was measured using a wide range of dwell times for key selection (300-1100 ms). The results suggest that there was considerable variability in exit time among users indicating the need for calibration of the algorithm. The algorithm was evaluated in a user study and proved to be efficient. We also discuss the shortcomings of the current algorithm's implementation.
Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein at Threonine 668 leads to its altered processing and association with centrosomes (2011)

The data presented here suggests that cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of APP may affect its normal cellular function. For example, association of P-APP with the centrosome may affect spindle assembly and cell cycle progression, further contributing to the development of pathology in AD. The experiments with G1/S inhibitors suggest that cell cycle inhibition may impede the development of Alzheimer's pathology by suppressing modification of βAPP, and thus may represent a novel approach to AD treatment. Finally, the cell cycle regulated phosphorylation and processing of APP into Aβ and the C-terminal fragment suggest that these proteins may have a normal function during mitosis.
Transmembrane Transport of Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Using a Lipophilic Cholesteryl Derivative (1998)

The uptake of ATP in liposomes was achieved by using the lipophilic derivative cholesteryloxycarbonyl-ATP (1). Its hydrolysis leading to the release of ATP inside the vesicules (see scheme) was observed with the help of a pH gradient and monitored by <sup>31</sup> P NMR spectroscopy. This is the first successful transfer of a nucleoside 5'-triphosphate across a membrane.
Feature Representations for Scene Text Character Recognition: A Comparative Study (2013)

Recognizing text character from natural scene images is a challenging problem due to background interferences and multiple character patterns. Scene Text Character (STC) recognition, which generally includes feature representation to model character structure and multi-class classification to predict label and score of character class, mostly plays a significant role in word-level text recognition. The contribution of this paper is a complete performance evaluation of image-based STC recognition, by comparing different sampling methods, feature descriptors, dictionary sizes, coding and pooling schemes, and SVM kernels. We systematically analyze the impact of each option in the feature representation and classification. The evaluation results on two datasets CHARS74K and ICDAR2003 demonstrate that Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) descriptor, soft-assignment coding, max pooling, and Chi-Square Support Vector Machines (SVM) obtain the best performance among local sampling based feature representations. To improve STC recognition, we apply global sampling feature representation. We generate Global HOG (GHOG) by computing HOG descriptor from global sampling. GHOG enables better character structure modeling and obtains better performance than local sampling based feature representations. The GHOG also outperforms existing methods in the two benchmark datasets.
Mechanisms of electroless metal plating: I. Mixed potential theory and the interdependence of partial reactions (1984)

Electroless plating reactions are classified according to four overall reaction schemes in which each partial reaction is either under diffusion control or electrochemical control. The theory of a technique, based on the observation of the mixed potential as a function of agitation, concentration of the reducing agent, and concentration of metal ions, is presented. By using this technique it is shown that in electroless copper plating the copper deposition reaction is diffusion-controlled, while the formaldehyde decomposition reaction is activation-controlled. Values of the kinetic and mechanistic parameters for the partial reactions obtained by this method and by other electrochemical methods indicate that the two partial reactions are not independent of each other.
Non-radioactive Labeling and Detection of Nucleic Acids. I. A Novel DNA Labeling and Detection System Based on Digoxigenin: Anti-Digoxigenin ELISA Principle (Digoxigenin System) (1990)

A novel highly sensitive non-radioactive DNA labeling and detection system based on the ELISA principle has been developed. DNA is modified with the cardenolide-hapten digoxigenin by enzymatic incorporation of digoxigenin-labeled deoxyuridine-triphosphate with Klenow enzyme. Digoxigenin is linked to dUTP via an 11-atom linear spacer (Dig-[11]-dUTP). Following hybridization of membrane-bound target-DNA with a digoxigenin-labeled probe, the hybrids are detected by an ELISA reaction using digoxigenin-specific antibodies covalently coupled to the marker enzyme alkaline phosphatase [(Dig):CIAP]. This binding of antibody: marker enzyme-conjugate is followed by an enzyme-catalysed coupled redox reaction with the colour substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP) and nitroblue tetrazolium salt (NBT) giving rise to a deep-blue coloured, water-insoluble precipitate directly adhering to the membrane. The digoxigenin system allows the detection of 0.1 pg homologous DNA within 16 h in dot- and Southern-blots on nitrocellulose or nylon membranes avoiding any significant background even after a prolonged period of color development. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, the new system is appropriate for detection of single-copy genes in genomic blots as well as for Northern, slot, colony, plaque and in situ hybridizations.
Modeling Global Macroclimatic Constraints on Ectotherm Energy Budgets (1992)

We describe a mechanistic individual-based model of how global macroclimatic constraints affect the energy budgets of ectothermic animals. The model uses macroclimatic and biophysical characters of the habitat and organism and tenets of heat transfer theory to calculate hourly temperature availabilities over a year. Data on the temperature dependence of activity rate, metabolism, food consumption and food processing capacity are used to estimate the net rate of resource assimilation which is then integrated over time. We detail and explore the significance of assumptions used in these calculations. We present a new test of this model in which we show that the predicted energy budget sizes for 11 populations of the lizard Sceloporus undulalus are in close agreement with observed results from previous field studies. This demonstrates that model tests are feasible and the results are reasonable. Further, since the model represents an upper bound to the size of the energy budget, observed residual deviations form explicit predictions about the effects of environmental constraints on the bioenergetics of the study lizards within each site that may be tested by future field and laboratory studies. Three major new improvements to our modeling are discussed. We present a means to estimate microclimate thermal heterogeneity more realistically and include its effects on field rates of individual activity and food consumption. Second, we describe an improved model of digestive function involving batch processing of consumed food. Third, we show how optimality methods (specifically the methods of stochastic dynamic programming) may be included to model the fitness consequences of energy allocation decisions subject to food consumption and processing constraints which are predicted from the microclimate and physiological modeling Individual-based models that incorporate macroclimatic constraints on individual resource acquisition, assimilation and allocation can provide insights into theoretical investigations about the evolution of life histories in variable environments as well as provide explicit predictions about individual, population and community level responses to global climate change.
Assessing the adventure (2012)

A significant series of prior writings in the Rethinking Negotiation Teaching project has focused on adventure learning. Here, the authors tackle a knotty series of assessment problems which adventure learning creates. Experiments at four different universities show that the practical problems are significant, but that they can be overcome. The authors offer a series of tools respectively suited to evaluation of the adventure learning experience itself, its outcomes, or a resulting but separate assignment. For suggestions on how to carry out adventure learning on your campus, see http://ssrn.com/abstract=1916795.
High-Purity Isolation and Recovery of Circulating Tumor Cells using Conducting Polymer-deposited Microfluidic Device (2014)

We have developed a conductive nano-roughened microfluidic device and demonstrated its use as an electrically modulated capture and release system for studying rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The microchannel surfaces were covalently decorated with epithelial cancer-specific anti-EpCAM antibody by electrochemical deposition of biotin-doped polypyrrole (Ppy), followed by the assembly of streptavidin and biotinylated antibody. Our method utilizes the unique topographical features and excellent electrical activity of Ppy for i) surface-induced preferential recognition and release of CTCs, and ii) selective elimination of non-specifically immobilized white blood cells (WBCs), which are capable of high-purity isolation of CTCs. In addition, the direct incorporation of biotin molecules offers good flexibility, because it allows the modification of channel surfaces with diverse antibodies, in addition to anti-EpCAM, for enhanced detection of multiple types of CTCs. By engineering a series of electrical, chemical, and topographical cues, this simple yet efficient device provides a significant advantage to CTC detection technology as compared with other conventional methods.
Hydrogen sulfide induces serum‐independent cell cycle entry in nontransformed rat intestinal epithelial cells (2003)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by commensal sulfate-reducing bacteria, is an environmental insult that potentially contributes to chronic intestinal epithelial disorders. We tested the hypothesis that exposure of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18) to the reducing agent sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) activates molecular pathways that underlie epithelial hyperplasia, a phenotype common to both ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer. Exposure of IEC-18 cells to NaHS rapidly increased the NADPH/NADP ratio, reduced the intracellular redox environment, and inhibited mitochondrial respiratory activity. The addition of 0.2-5 mM NaHS for 4 h increased the IEC-18 proliferative cell fraction (P<0.05), as evidenced by analysis of the cell cycle and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, while apoptosis occurred only at the highest concentration of NaHS. Thirty minutes of NaHS exposure increased (P<0.05) c-Jun mRNA concentrations, consistent with the observed activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK). Microarray analysis confirmed an increase (P<0.05) in MAPK-mediated proliferative activity, likely reflecting the reduced redox environment of NaHS-treated cells. These data identify functional pathways by which H2S may initiate epithelial dysregulation and thereby contribute to UC or colorectal cancer. Thus, it becomes crucial to understand how genetic background may affect epithelial responsiveness to this bacterial-derived environmental insult.
A smart vehicle for accident prevention using wireless blackbox and eyeblink sensing technology along with seat belt controlled ignition system (2016)

The main aim of this project is to construct an smart vehicle system with minimizing the limitations of existing methods and also enhancing the security of vehicles and human beings and also reduces the accidental injuries. smart vehicle system will entail a speed and other parameters of vehicle sensing mechanism which automatically messages to traffic police with the details of vehicle position when a accident occurs using the GSM/GPRS system. The system also contains seat belt sensor, vehicle black box, and a eye blink sensor. This method is an advanced version of speed detection, seat belt alarms system and it is placed in vehicles. A speed sensor, seat belt sensor and various sensors which senses various parameters of the vehicle is connected to a microcontroller which detects when the abnormal conditions occur or any accidents occur then sends text message, using GSM technology, to a police ambulance services and the drivers relatives. The text send to various authorities contains the details of the vehicle and its position.
Smart Bus Arbiter for QoS control in H.264 decoders (2011)

H.264 decoders usually have pipeline architecture by a macroblock or a 4 × 4 sub-block.The period of the pipeline is usually fixed to guarantee the operation in the worst case which results in many idle cycles and higher data bandwidth.Adaptive pipeline architecture for H.264 decoders has been proposed for efficient decoding and lower the requirement of the bandwidth for the memory bus.However, it requires a controller for the adaptive priority control to utilize the advantage.We propose a smart bus arbiter that replaces the controller.It is introduced to adjust the priority adaptively the QoS (Quality of Service) control of the decoding process.The smart arbiter can be integrated the arbiter of bus systems and it works when certain conditions are met so that it does not affect the original functions of the arbiter.An H.264 decoder using the proposed architecture is designed and implemented to verify the operation using an FPGA.
Research on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Trust and Customer Citizenship Behavior (2013)

The concept of Customer Citizenship Behavior is evolved from Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and therelationship between them has been researched by few scholars. To examine the effect of OrganizationalCitizenship Behavior on Customer Citizenship Behavior, this research adopted questionnaire investigationmethod to survey 208 consumers. As predicted, the results showed that, organizational citizenship behaviorinfluenced customer citizenship behavior positively; trust acted as a mediator between the relationships oforganizational citizenship behavior and customer citizenship behavior. At last?the theoretical and practicalsignificance, limitations of the study, as well as the direction of future research will be discussed.
A Prefetching Framework for the Streaming Loading of Virtual Software (2010)

In recent years, the Software as a Service, largely enabled by the Internet, has become an innovative software delivery model. During the streaming execution of virtualization software, the execution will wait until the missing data was downloaded, which greatly influences the user experience. In this paper, we present a block-level prefetching framework for streaming delivery of software based on N-Gram prediction model and an incremental data mining algorithm. The prefetching framework uses the historical block access logs for data mining, then dynamically updates and polishes the prefetching rules. The experimental results show that this prefetching framework achieves a launch time reduced by 10% to 50%, as well as hit rate between 81% and 97%.
Design and feasibility study of a single photon emission microscope system for small animal I-125 imaging (2006)

This paper presents a design study of a single photon emission microscope (SPEM) system for small animal imaging using I-125 labelled radiotracers. This system is based on the use of a very-high resolution gamma camera coupled to a converging non-multiplexing multiple pinhole collimator. This enables one to "zoom" into a small local region inside the object to extract imaging information with a very high spatial resolution and a reasonable sensitivity for gamma rays emitted from this local region. The SPEM system also includes a pinhole (or multiple pinhole) gamma camera that has a full angular coverage of the entire object. The designed imaging spatial resolution for the SPEM system is between 250 <i>μ</i>m to 500 <i>μ</i>m FWHM.
G Proteins: Transducers Of Receptor-Generated Signals (1987)

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy ......... .. ........ . ...... 615 HISTORy ....... ...... . . . . . ...... . . .. .... . . . .. . 616 INDIVIDUAL G PROTEINS: FUNCTIONS AND MOLECULAR ENTITIES 617 Criter ia for In volvemen t o f a G Pr otein ..... ......... 618 Func ti on s R egu la ted b y G Protein s ... . .... . ... . . . .. .. 619 M olecu lar En tities and S truc ture . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .... . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . 622 LIGAND--G PROTEIN INTERACTIONS 63 1 LIGAND-REGULATED PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS 634 Receptor-O Protein J nteractions. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . ........ . ..... . ... . ...... . . . . . . . . . 634 G Pr otein -Effec tor In teraction s . . . . ....... . . . .. .. ... . . . . . . . ... . .... . .. . . . ...... . .. ....... .... . . 638 G PROTEIN-MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS 643 COVALENT MODIFICATION OF G PROTEINS 644
RyR2/Ca2+ release channel is crucial for pulmonary arterial hypertension (2013)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating lung disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Ryanodine receptor‐2 (RyR2) is important for cardiovascular functions. In this study, thus, we sought to investigate the potentially crucial role of this Ca2+ release channel in PAH. Our investigations demonstrate that RyR2 gene knockout (KO) abolishes the increased right ventricular pressure and weight (i.e., PAH) in mice after chronic hypoxia (hypoxic exposure for 3 weeks). The chronic hypoxic increase in pulmonary arterial constriction and muscle layer are both eliminated in RyR2 KO mice. RyR activity, Ca2+ release and basal [Ca2+]i in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are all augmented in control, but not in RyR2 KO mice. These exciting animal studies may have a general significance in humans, as RyR activity is significantly enhanced in PASMCs of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) patients with PAH. Fascinatingly, treatment with tetracaine (a classic RyR antagonist that is clinically used in anesthesia) blocks chronic hypoxia‐induced PAH and cellular responses. In conclusion, our findings for the first time provide breakthrough evidence that chronic hypoxia causes RyR2 activation, Ca2+ release, pulmonary arterial constriction/remodeling, and ultimately PAH; and RyR antagonists may become new and effective drugs in the treatment of PAH.
The response of small vessel endothelial cells from fetal rat lung to growth factors. (1991)

Small vessel pulmonary endothelial cells were obtained from rat fetal lung at day 20 of gestation, and were maintained in culture to passage three for study. Endothelial cells grown on a collagen matrix with Dulbecco's minimal essential medium: Ham's F12 medium (1:1, v/v) supplemented with 20 ml/l fetal bovine serum, bovine pituitary extract (50 mg/l), endothelial cell growth supplement (100 mg/l), hydrocortisone (1 mg/l) and an increased (10 mmol/l) magnesium concentration retained the characteristic endothelial cell marker factor VIII antigen during the third passage in culture. The factors responsible for small vessel growth in the developing fetal lung are unknown. To test the hypothesis that small vessel pulmonary endothelial cells would respond to autocrine or paracrine growth factors the effects of conditioned media from fetal lung endothelial cells, fibroblasts and pneumocytes from lungs of the same gestational age were studied in vitro. None of the tested conditioned media had any effect on endothelial cell DNA synthesis in the presence of 20 ml/l fetal bovine serum. Since no paracrine or autocrine effects of conditioned media were observed, the effect of other growth factors that could be derived from the circulation, or from storage sites in subcellular matrix, were studied for effect. When endothelial cells were studied in the presence of 20 ml/l fetal bovine serum and 100 mg/l endothelial cell growth supplement they had enhanced DNA synthesis in response to the progression-type growth factors insulin (5 mg/l), insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-II (20 micrograms/l) and epidermal growth factor (10 micrograms/l). In the absence of serum or endothelial growth supplement endothelial cell DNA synthesis was enhanced by the competence-type growth factors acidic and basic fibroblastic growth factors at 100 micrograms/l and platelet derived growth factor at 10 micrograms/l. In the absence of exogenous competence-type growth factors neutralizing antibodies to basic fibroblast growth factor reduce DNA synthesis. Of various cytokines tested only interleukin-1 (1 x 10(3) U/l) and tumor necrosis factor (25 x 10(4) U/l) had an effect on endothelial cell DNA synthesis. Endothelial cell division during fetal lung development may be controlled by progression growth factors present in serum, and by either autocrine release of the competence factor basic fibroblast growth factor or paracrine release of platelet-derived growth factor by other cell types.