gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
100-MHz serial access architecture for 4-Mb field memory (1991)

A 4-Mb field memory with a 100-MHz serial access rate has been developed. A new architecture that significantly improves serial I/O operation speed, reduces layout area, and offers simple control is proposed. To accomplish this task, a new architectural data shifter and high-speed redundancy circuit have been developed. The field memory has a 568-line*960 pixel*8-b (4,362,240 b) memory cell array designed for high-definition television (HDTV) screens. A 1.0 mu m CMOS process technology is used to produce a die size of 12.94 mm*25.9 mm. The write-read cycle time is 9 ns, the access time is 8 ns, and the active current is 170 mA at a 50-MHz cycle rate with a standby current of about 3 mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Signal in Vesicle-associated Membrane Proteins (1999)

The vesicle-associated membrane proteins (Vamp(s)) function as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor proteins in the intracellular trafficking of vesicles. The membrane attachment of Vamps requires a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic sequence termed an insertion sequence. Unlike other insertion sequence-containing proteins, targeting of the highly homologous Vamp1 and Vamp2 to the endoplasmic reticulum requires ATP and a membrane-bound receptor. To determine if this mechanism of targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum extends to other Vamps, we compared the membrane binding of Vamp1 and Vamp2 with the distantly related Vamp8. Similar to the other Vamps, Vamp8 requires both ATP and a membrane component to target to the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, binding curves for the three Vamps overlap, suggesting a common receptor-mediated process. We identified a minimal endoplasmic reticulum targeting domain that is both necessary and sufficient to confer receptor-mediated, ATP-dependent, binding of a heterologous protein to microsomes. Surprisingly, this conserved sequence includes four positively charged amino acids spaced along an amphipathic sequence, which unlike the carboxyl-terminal targeting sequence in mitochondrial Vamp isoforms, is amino-terminal to the insertion sequence. Because Vamps do not bind to phospholipid vesicles, it is likely that these residues mediate an interaction with a protein, rather than bind to acidic phospholipids. Therefore, we suggest that a bipartite motif is required for the specific targeting and integration of Vamps into the endoplasmic reticulum with receptor-mediated recognition of specifically configured positive residues leading to the insertion of the hydrophobic tail into the membrane.
Rank Recommendation-Based Coordinated Scheduling for Interference Mitigation in Cellular Networks (2011)

An important challenge of wireless networks is to boost the cell edge performance and enable multi-streams transmissions to cell edge users. Interference mitigation techniques relying on multiple antennas and coordination among cells are nowadays heavily studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel type of coordination for OFDMA networks relying on multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver where the transmission ranks, i.e. the number of transmitted streams, and the user scheduling in all cells are jointly optimized in order to maximize a network utility function accounting for fairness among users. A distributed coordinated scheduler relying on an interference pricing mechanism and a master-slave architecture is introduced. The proposed scheme is operated based on the user report of a recommended rank for the interfering cells. It incurs a very low feedback overhead and enables an efficient link adaptation. It is moreover robust to practical system impairments and is applicable to both open-loop and closed-loop MIMO operations. A cell edge performance gain of 20% over uncoordinated LTE-Advanced is shown through system level simulations.
Antibody responses to bacteriophage phi X174 in patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency (1992)

Abstract Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and its biochemical consequences cause severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Treatment strategies, designed to correct the biochemical abnormalities, include transplantation of matched bone marrow or haploidentical bone marrow stem cells, repeated partial exchange transfusions with frozen irradiated human red blood cells (RBC), or weekly injection of polyethylene glycol-modified bovine ADA (PEG-ADA). To evaluate the effect of these therapeutic options, we studied in vitro T-cell function and in vivo antibody responses to the T-cell-dependent neoantigen, bacteriophage phi X174, in 10 children with ADA-deficient SCID. In untreated patients, T-cell function was severely depressed, and only minute amounts of antibacteriophage antibody were produced. Transplantation of bone marrow from a matched sibling (one patient) or a phenotypically matched parent (one patient) resulted in a stable graft, normal T-cell function, and substantial but subnormal antibody titers to bacteriophage, with reduced memory and impaired switch from IgM to IgG. Patients receiving T-cell-depleted haploidentical bone marrow stem cells had markedly depressed antibody responses for as long as 3 years posttransplantation, despite rapidly improving T-cell function that became normal in two of four patients. Two methods of enzyme replacement were explored. During treatment with human RBC transfusions, antibody responses to bacteriophage were as severely depressed as in untreated ADA-deficient patients. Treatment with weekly injections of PEG-ADA resulted in normalization of T-cell numbers in all four patients, normal or near-normal T-cell function in two, and mildly but variably improved T-cell function in the other two patients. Quantitatively and qualitatively normal antibody responses to bacteriophage were observed in three of four patients. Assessment of antibody responses to immunization with bacteriophage phi X174 is a useful method to monitor humoral immune function in treated ADA- deficient patients and can be used to estimate when intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis may be safely discontinued.
Predicting the relevance of distributional semantic similarity with contextual information (2014)

Using distributional analysis methods to compute semantic proximity links between words has become commonplace in NLP. The resulting relations are often noisy or difficult to interpret in general. This paper focuses on the issues of evaluating a distributional resource and filtering the relations it contains, but instead of considering it in abstracto, we focus on pairs of words in context. In a discourse, we are interested in knowing if the semantic link between two items is a byproduct of textual coherence or is irrelevant. We first set up a human annotation of semantic links with or without contextual information to show the importance of the textual context in evaluating the relevance of semantic similarity, and to assess the prevalence of actual semantic relations between word tokens. We then built an experiment to automatically predict this relevance, evaluated on the reliable reference data set which was the outcome of the first annotation. We show that in-document information greatly improve the prediction made by the similarity level alone.
Content Protection Based on Trusted Computing in Mobile Terminal (2009)

In recent years, the rapid development of trusted computing with active defense ideas to solve security problem of computer and network system, and trusted computing is believed to be the most likely fundamentally solve the security of computer system. It is useful to apply trusted computing into content protect, so content owners can protect their content against non authorized use and copying. At now, the focal point of the industry is applying trusted computing into mobile terminal. This paper gives brief description of mobile terminal hardware architecture based on TCM, and then establishes a trusted computing environment, the emphasis is on how to build user authentication mode about content protection system. This paper proposes a new application for the trusted computing in the filed of mobile terminal.
Rapid and Accurate Peptide Identification from Tandem Mass Spectra (2008)

Mass spectrometry, the core technology in the field of proteomics, promises to enable scientists to identify and quantify the entire complement of proteins in a complex biological sample. Currently, the primary bottleneck in this type of experiment is computational. Existing algorithms for interpreting mass spectra are slow and fail to identify a large proportion of the given spectra. We describe a database search program called Crux that reimplements and extends the widely used database search program Sequest. For speed, Crux uses a peptide indexing scheme to rapidly retrieve candidate peptides for a given spectrum. For each peptide in the target database, Crux generates shuffled decoy peptides on the fly, providing a good null model and, hence, accurate false discovery rate estimates. Crux also implements two recently described postprocessing methods: a p value calculation based upon fitting a Weibull distribution to the observed scores, and a semisupervised method that learns to discriminate between target and decoy matches. Both methods significantly improve the overall rate of peptide identification. Crux is implemented in C and is distributed with source code freely to noncommercial users.
The future of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: are we making progress? (2011)

The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. This unprecedented success has not only substantially changed the mindset of the clinical community about the ability of mAb to improve outcomes but has catalyzed the interest in the pharmaceutical industry to develop the next generation of anti-CD20 mAbs. Since the introduction of rituximab 15 years ago, we have learned much about the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD20 mAbs. In parallel, many novel anti-CD20 mAbs have entered the clinic, each designed with modifications to structure aimed at further improving efficacy. On review of the newer generation of anti-CD20 mAbs entering clinical trials, it appears that the link between the novel mechanistic insights and the development of these next-generation anti-CD20 mAbs is unclear. As we move into an era of personalized medicine, it will become increasingly important for us to develop closer links between the emerging mechanistic insights and the clinical development, to further enhance the potency of anti-CD20 mAbs beyond that achieved with rituximab.
Ras Activation Induces Expression of Raet1 Family NK Receptor Ligands (2012)

NK cells play a crucial role in innate immunity against tumors. In many human tumors, Ras is chronically active, and tumor cells frequently express ligands for the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. In this study, we report that Ras activation upregulates the expression of Raet1 protein family members Rae1α and Rae1β in mouse and ULBP1-3 in human cells. In addition, Ras also induced MHC class I chain-related protein expression in some human cell lines. Overexpression of the constitutively active H-RasV12 mutant was sufficient to induce NKG2D ligand expression. H-RasV12-induced NKG2D ligand upregulation depended on Raf, MAPK/MEK, and PI3K, but not ATM or ATR, two PI3K-like kinases previously shown to induce NKG2D ligand expression. Analysis of the 5' untranslated regions of Raet1 family members suggested the presence of features known to impair translation initiation. Overexpression of the rate-limiting translation initiation factor eIF4E induced Rae1 and ULBP1 expression in a Ras- and PI3K-dependent manner. Upregulation of NKG2D ligands by H-RasV12 increased sensitivity of cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In summary, our data suggest that chronic Ras activation is linked to innate immune responses, which may contribute to immune surveillance of H-Ras transformed cells.
Oxidative Group Transfer to a Triiron Complex to Form a Nucleophilic μ<sup>3</sup>-Nitride, [Fe<sub>3</sub>(μ<sup>3</sup>-N)]<sup>−</sup> (2011)

Utilizing a hexadentate ligand platform, a high-spin trinuclear iron complex of the type ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(thf) was synthesized and characterized ([(tbs)L](6-) = [1,3,5-C(6)H(9)(NPh-o-NSi(t)BuMe(2))(3)](6-)). The silyl-amide groups only permit ligation of one solvent molecule to the tri-iron core, resulting in an asymmetric core wherein each iron ion exhibits a distinct local coordination environment. The triiron complex ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(thf) rapidly consumes inorganic azide ([N(3)]NBu(4)) to afford an anionic, trinuclear nitride complex [((tbs)L)Fe(3)(μ(3)-N)]NBu(4). The nearly C(3)-symmetric complex exhibits a highly pyramidalized nitride ligand that resides 1.205(3) Å above the mean triiron plane with short Fe-N (1.871(3) Å) distances and Fe-Fe separation (2.480(1) Å). The nucleophilic nitride can be readily alkylated via reaction with methyl iodide to afford the neutral, trinuclear methylimide complex ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(μ(3)-NCH(3)). Alkylation of the nitride maintains the approximate C(3)-symmetry in the imide complex, where the imide ligand resides 1.265(9) Å above the mean triiron plane featuring lengthened Fe-N(imide) bond distances (1.892(3) Å) with nearly equal Fe-Fe separation (2.483(1) Å).
Fermentable Carbohydrate Alters Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity and Protects Against the Obesogenic Environment (2012)

Obesity has become a major global health problem. Recently, attention has focused on the benefits of fermentable carbohydrates on modulating metabolism. Here, we take a system approach to investigate the physiological effects of supplementation with oligofructose-enriched inulin (In). We hypothesize that supplementation with this fermentable carbohydrate will not only lead to changes in body weight and composition, but also to modulation in neuronal activation in the hypothalamus. Male C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a normal chow diet (control) or a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with either oligofructose-enriched In or corn starch (Cs) for 9 weeks. Compared to HF+Cs diet, In supplementation led to significant reduction in average daily weight gain (mean ± s.e.m.: 0.19 ± 0.01 g vs. 0.26 ± 0.02 g, P < 0.01), total body adiposity (24.9 ± 1.2% vs. 30.7 ± 1.4%, P < 0.01), and lowered liver fat content (11.7 ± 1.7% vs. 23.8 ± 3.4%, P < 0.01). Significant changes were also observed in fecal bacterial distribution, with increases in both Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillius and a significant increase in short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), we observed a significant increase in neuronal activation within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of animals that received In supplementation compared to those fed HF+Cs diet. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time, in the same animal, a wide range of beneficial metabolic effects following supplementation of a HF diet with oligofructose-enriched In, as well as significant changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity.
X‐ray imaging performance of scintillator‐filled silicon pore arrays (2008)

The need for fine detail visibility in various applications such as dental imaging, mammography, but also neurology and cardiology, is the driver for intensive efforts in the development of new x-ray detectors. The spatial resolution of current scintillator layers is limited by optical diffusion. This limitation can be overcome by a pixelation, which prevents optical photons from crossing the interface between two neighboring pixels. In this work, an array of pores was etched in a silicon wafer with a pixel pitch of 50 microm. A very high aspect ratio was achieved with wall thicknesses of 4-7 microm and pore depths of about 400 microm. Subsequently, the pores were filled with Tl-doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) as a scintillator in a special process, which includes powder melting and solidification of the CsI. From the sample geometry and x-ray absorption measurement the pore fill grade was determined to be 75%. The scintillator-filled samples have a circular active area of 16 mm diameter. They are coupled with an optical sensor binned to the same pixel pitch in order to measure the x-ray imaging performance. The x-ray sensitivity, i.e., the light output per absorbed x-ray dose, is found to be only 2.5%-4.5% of a commercial CsI-layer of similar thickness, thus very low. The efficiency of the pores to transport the generated light to the photodiode is estimated to be in the best case 6.5%. The modulation transfer function is 40% at 4 lp/mm and 10%-20% at 8 lp/mm. It is limited most likely by the optical gap between scintillator and sensor and by K-escape quanta. The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is determined at different beam qualities and dose settings. The maximum DQE(0) is 0.28, while the x-ray absorption with the given thickness and fill factor is 0.57. High Swank noise is suspected to be the reason, mainly caused by optical scatter inside the CsI-filled pores. The results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations of the photon transport inside the pore array structure. In addition, some x-ray images of technical and anatomical phantoms are shown. This work shows that scintillator-filled pore arrays can provide x-ray imaging with high spatial resolution, but are not suitable in their current state for most of the applications in medical imaging, where increasing the x-ray doses cannot be tolerated.
A yeast artificial chromosome clone map of the Drosophila genome. (1994)

We describe the mapping of 979 randomly selected large yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones of Drosophila DNA by in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes. Eight hundred and fifty-five of the clones are euchromatic and have primary hybridization sites in the banded portions of the polytene chromosomes, whereas 124 are heterochromatic and label the chromocenter. The average euchromatic clone contains about 211 kb and, at its primary site, labels eight or nine contiguous polytene bands. Thus, the extent as well as chromosomal position of each clone has been determined. By direct band counts, we estimate our clones provide about 76% coverage of the euchromatin of the major autosomes, and 63% coverage of the X. When previously reported YAC mapping data are combined with ours, euchromatic coverage is extended to about 90% for the autosomes and 82% for the X. The distribution of gap sizes in our map and the coverage achieved are in good agreement with expectations based on the assumption of random coverage, indicating that euchromatic clones are essentially randomly distributed. However, certain gaps in coverage, including the entire fourth chromosome euchromatin, may be significant. Heterochromatic sequences are underrepresented among the YAC clones by two to three fold. This may result, at least in part, from underrepresentation of heterochromatic sequences in adult DNA (the source of most of the clones analyzed), or from clone instability.
Safety Culture: The Prediction of Commitment to Safety in the Manufacturing Industry (1998)

This paper reports one aspect of a large‐scale study of safety culture in 13 companies operating in the manufacturing sector in the UK. The study is based on data collected from three different domains of measurement relevant to the description of safety culture: workplace assessments, a survey of employee attitudes to safety – including questionnaire and interview data – and company accident records. The data described in this paper concern the prediction of perceived commitment to safety from employees' attitudes to safety as reported in a self‐administered questionnaire. Commitment to safety was used as a marker of the strength of the organization's safety culture. The data showed that employees' attitudes to safety could be modelled in terms of three factors: management actions for safety, the quality of safety training and their personal actions for safety. Their attitudes with regards to management actions for safety showed the strongest relationship to commitment to safety. These attitudes also predicted those regarding the quality of safety training and personal actions for safety. Interestingly, the latter were not related to appraisals of commitment to safety.
A Type-II Hybrid ARQ Scheme Based on Rate-compatible LDPC Code (2006)

Rate-compatible code is a typical way to achieve high forward error correction (ARQ/FEC) systems in packet data transmission. This paper focuses on the construction of efficient rate-compatible low density parity check (RC-LDPC) codes in a flexible way. A special technique to get rate compatible LDPC codes called extending without code-rate threshold is presented in comparison to the results in Zhu Miao et al. (2005), with code-rate threshold. Based on the improved scheme, a type-II hybrid ARQ scheme is presented in the paper, which is greatly flexible and results in good performance. The throughput performances of different full incremental redundancy (FIR) schemes depend on the length of retransmitted incremental redundancy (IR) substantially. Furthermore, performance comparison between full incremental redundancy (FIR) based on this rate-compatible structure and chase combing (CC) protocols has been investigated
The myosin gene switching in human cardiac hypertrophy. (1990)

Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with qualitative as well as quantitative changes in myocardial cells. To analyze the molecular basis of isozymic transitions of cardiac myosins in response to pressure overload, we have constructed and characterized two types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) cDNA clones, specifying alpha- and beta-MHCs, and two types of myosin alkali light chain cDNA clones, complementary to atrial type (ALC1) and ventricular type (VLC1) mRNAs from a human fetal heart cDNA library. Using the S1 nuclease mapping procedure, we showed that the MCH isozymic transitions from alpha- to beta-MHC in the pressure overloaded atria are produced by changes in the relative level of alpha- and beta-MHC gene expression. In addition, we observed that the expression of VLC1 gene is also induced in the atria subjected to severe pressure overload. Thus, it appears that the increased expression of VLC1 gene, together with the isogene switch from alpha- to beta-MHC gene, may participate in the adaptation of myocardium to new functional requirement. Then, to get a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of isogene expression, we have isolated and sequenced genomic clone for VLC1 isoform. Sequence analysis has identified multiple potential cis regulatory elements within a 686-bp upstream region. This region includes 28-bp alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences and two segment exhibiting homology to consensus sequence proposed for viral and cellular enhancer elements. In particular, a comparison of the VLC1 upstream gene sequence with those available for several muscle-specific genes revealed that CC(A + T-rich)6GG elements and CATTCCT sequence are conserved. These results suggested that CArG box (-96 to -87) has an important role in the positive regulation of the VLC1 gene and this element may be involved in the co-regulation of VLC1 and cardiac alpha-actin genes.