gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Myeloma: Charging Toward a Bright Future (2007)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable clonal B-cell malignancy with terminally differentiated plasma cells. It afflicts approximately 55,000 people in the United States. Over the past 5 years, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and assessment of patients with MM. Significant advances include a simplified staging system, which has replaced the more cumbersome Durie-Salmon staging system; an updated uniform international response criteria; the development of a sensitive new serum test to detect free light chain production (free light chain assay); the recognition of specific adverse cytogenetic abnormalities; and the evolution of genomics, which will identify specific and targeted therapies for individual MM patients. For the first time in decades, major therapeutic advances have been implemented in the treatment of MM patients. These include 2 new classes of agent: immunomodulatory drugs and proteosome inhibitors. In addition, clinical trials have solidified the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant and established the benefits of post-transplant maintenance therapy. Finally, a number of new agents are in development that specifically target the myeloma cells and/or the bone marrow microenvironment. These advances have resulted in expanded treatment options, prolonged disease control and survival, and improved quality of life for patients with MM.
RP‐HPLC Assay of Rofecoxib from Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Human Plasma and Its Drug Dissolution Studies (2004)

ABSTRACT A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of rofecoxib (RFC) in bulk drug, tablets, and human plasma samples. The methods are linear over the concentration ranges 0.005–30.0 and 0.010–10 µg mL−1 in mobile phase and human plasma, respectively. Chromatography was carried out on a reversed phase Spherisorb ODSI column using a mixture of acetonitrile:methanol: 0.067 M KH2PO4 (27:20:53, v/v/v) adjusted to pH 6.95 with 3 M NaOH. Detection was realized at 244 nm using a DAD detector. The retention time observed for RFC and etodolac (internal standard) at about 7.5 and 10.7 min, respectively. The proposed RP‐HPLC method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and recovery. The limit of detection was found to be 0.00143 and 0.00301 µg mL−1 in mobile phase and human plasma samples, respectively. The proposed method allows a number of cost and time saving benefits. The described method can be readily applied for the analysis of tablets, drug dissolution studies, and human plasma samples. This method could be used without any interference from tablet matrix and endogenous substance from the plasma samples.
A new flash-erase EEPROM cell with a sidewall select-gate on its source side (2003)

A novel flash-erase EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM) cell is described. It consists of a stacked-gate MOSFET with a sidewall select gate on the source side of the FET (SISOS cell). Three layers of polysilicon are used. The cell has a self-aligned structure which makes it possible to realize a small cell area of 4.0*3.5 mu m/sup 2/ with 1.0- mu m technology. It also has a select gate which prevents undesirable leakage current due to overerasing. The cell is programmed by channel hot electron injection at the source side and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling of electrons from the floating gate to the drain. The programming by source-side injection makes it possible for the drain junction to be optimized independently of hot electron generation and for the erasure to be achieved with no degradation in programmability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of infertility surgery by a pelvic scoring system. (1989)

A pelvic scoring and staging system previously reported was used to evaluate 77 major microsurgical procedures during a 3-year period. Pregnancy rates by clinical assessment groups were (a) surgery indicated for tubo-ovarian adhesions (SGY:F) = 50%; (b) surgery indicated with other pelvic pathology, such as adnexal masses or myoma (SGY:F/etc) = 23%; and (c) surgery questionably indicated (SGY:?) = 18%. Using the scoring system, pregnancy rates by stage were 75%, 41%, and 14% for Stages I, II, and III, respectively. The pregnancy rate was higher in the pure tubal factor group as compared with those with additional infertility factors. Pelvic scores and stages correlated well with clinical expectations. Life-table analysis of cumulative pregnancy rates showed that all subsequent pregnancies occurred within the 24 months following surgery. A significant correlation noted between pelvic scores and cumulative pregnancy rates illustrates the system's usefulness in predicting reproductive potential postoperatively. This method can be used to assist the surgeon in establishing a couple's prognosis and to compare results between surgeons or different surgical techniques.
Osteogenic protein-1 regulates insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene expression in fetal rat calvaria cells by different mechanisms (1998)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1 or BMP-7) stimulates new bone formation in vivo and induces cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that OP-1 led to a two- to threefold increase in steady-state insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II mRNA levels and a fivefold decrease in IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA levels in primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study, we determined whether the effects of OP-1 were at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. OP-1 increased the half-life of the IGF-I mRNA from 6 to 17 h without changing the level of IGF-I nuclear pre-mRNA. In transiently transfected FRC cells, the luciferase activity driven by the -1122/+362 or the -133/+362 IGF-I exon 1 promoter fragment was not changed by OP-1. Similar results were observed using the -1500/+44 or -362/+44 IGF-I exon 2 promoter constructs. Effects of OP-1 on IGF-I mRNA were independent of cell division, as they remained elevated in the presence of hydroxyurea. Cycloheximide inhibited moderately the OP-1-induced increase in IGF-I mRNA, suggesting partial dependency on protein synthesis. On the other hand, the IGF-II nuclear pre-mRNA levels were increased by OP-1 but the half-life of the mature IGF-II mRNA was not affected. Effects of OP-1 on IGF-II mRNA were also independent of cell division, but were dependent on protein synthesis. OP-1 caused a 43-50% reduction in the level of IGFBP-5 nuclear pre-mRNA transcripts and a 40% decrease in the IGFBP-5 promoter activity in FRC cells transfected with the -1278/+1 IGFBP-5 promoter fragment. The half-life of the mature IGFBP-5 mRNA was not affected by OP-1. Hydroxyurea did not prevent the OP-1-induced reduction in IGFBP-5 mRNA. The level of IGFBP-5 mRNA was barely detectable in the presence of cycloheximide, and further suppressive effect of OP-1 on IGFBP-5 mRNA could not be determined. In conclusion, OP-1 regulates IGF-I gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, but regulates IGF-II and IGFBP-5 gene expression at the transcriptional level.
Electrochemical Behavior of Nitride Ions in a Molten Chloride System (1997)

The electrochemical behavior of nitride ions in an LiCl‐KCl eutectic melt has been studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and gas analysis. Nitride ions are oxidized to form nitrogen gas almost quantitatively on nickel electrodes according to the following reaction
Propulsion System Development for the Iodine Satellite (iSAT) Demonstration Mission (2015)

The development and testing of a 200-W iodine-fed Hall thruster propulsion system that will be flown on a 12-U CubeSat is described. The switch in propellant from more traditional xenon gas to solid iodine yields the advantage of high density, low pressure propellant storage but introduces new requirements that must be addressed in the design and operation of the propulsion system. The thruster materials have been modified from a previously-flown xenon Hall thruster to make it compatible with iodine vapor. The cathode incorporated into this design additionally requires little or no heating to initiate the discharge, reducing the power needed to start the thruster. The feed system produces iodine vapor in the propellant reservoir through sublimation and then controls the flow to the anode and cathode of the thruster using a pair of proportional flow control valves. The propellant feeding process is controlled by the power processing unit, with feedback control on the anode flow rate provided through a measure of the thruster discharge current. Thermal modeling indicates that it may be difficult to sufficiently heat the iodine if it loses contact with the propellant reservoir walls, serving to motivate future testing of that scenario to verify the modeling result and develop potential mitigation strategies. Preliminary, short-duration materials testing has thus-far indicated that several materials may be acceptable for prolonged contact with iodine vapor, motivating longer-duration testing. A propellant loading procedure is presented that aims to minimize the contaminants in the feed system and propellant reservoir. Finally, an 80-hour duration test being performed to gain experience operating the thruster over long durations and multiple restarts is discussed.
A new high density full CMOS SRAM cell using polysilicon interconnection structure (1985)

A new polysilicon interconnected full CMOS SRAM cell, lying only three metal lines and performing reduced latchup susceptibility and small cell area, is described. In this memory cell, PMOS and NMOS drain terminals are interconnected through double Polysilicon layer, and metal lines are used as two bit lines and power supply line, which enables substrate to be strapped to supply voltage level without any additional substrate bias area in memory cell array. Applying this new technique to a memory cell using 1.2µm ground rule, the cell size, 9.9 × 14.3µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , is shrunk about seventy five percent that of the conventional structure full CMOS cell and is practically expected to be realized 256K bit full CMOS SRAM. In future era of a mega bit or more high density SRAM, a full CMOS cell with multi-level connection layers will overcome its low packing density and surely become the alternative to a high resistive load NMOS cell.
Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in human cancer (2009)

The transforming growth factor-ss (TGF-beta) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes. TGF-beta switches its role from a tumor suppressor in normal or dysplastic cells to a tumor promoter in advanced cancers. It is widely believed that the Smad-dependent pathway is involved in TGF-beta tumor-suppressive functions, whereas activation of Smad-independent pathways, coupled with the loss of tumor-suppressor functions of TGF-beta, is important for its pro-oncogenic functions. TGF-beta signaling has been considered a useful therapeutic target. The discovery of oncogenic actions of TGF-beta has generated a great deal of enthusiasm for developing TGF-beta signaling inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. The challenge is to identify the group of patients where targeted tumors are not only refractory to TGF-beta-induced tumor suppressor functions but also responsive to the tumor-promoting effects of TGF-beta. TGF-beta pathway inhibitors, including small and large molecules, have now entered clinical trials. Preclinical studies with these inhibitors have shown promise in a variety of different tumor models. Here, we focus on the mechanisms of signaling and specific targets of the TGF-beta pathway that are critical effectors of tumor progression and invasion. This report also examines the therapeutic intervention of TGF-ss signaling in human cancers.
Endometrial proteins: A reappraisal (1992)

Journal Article Endometrial proteins: A reappraisal Get access Markku Seppälä, Markku Seppälä Department 1 of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSF-00290 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mervi Julkunen, Mervi Julkunen Department 1 of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSF-00290 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leena Riittinen, Leena Riittinen Department 1 of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSF-00290 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Riitta Koistinen Riitta Koistinen Department 1 of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSF-00290 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 7, Issue suppl_1, 1 June 1992, Pages 31–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/7.suppl_1.31 Published: 01 June 1992
Capturing, structuring, and representing ubiquitous audio (1993)

Although talking is an integral part of collaboration, there has been little computer support for acquiring and accessing the contents of conversations. Our approach has focused on ubiquitous audio , or the unobtrusive capture of speech interactions in everyday work environments. Speech recognition technology cannot yet transcribe fluent conversational speech, so the words themselves are not available for organizing the captured interactions. Instead, the structure of an interaction is derived from acoustical information inherent in the stored speech and augmented by user interaction during or after capture. This article describes applications for capturing and structuring audio from office discussions and telephone calls, and mechanisms for later retrieval of these stored interactions. An important aspect of retrieval is choosing an appropriate visual representation, and this article describes the evolution of a family of representations across a range of applications. Finally, this work is placed within the broader context of desktop audio, mobile audio applications, and social implications.
Renal toxicity of therapeutic drugs (2009)

A number of therapeutic agents can adversely affect the kidney, resulting in tubulointerstitial, glomerular or vascular disease. Drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis are common, and are often cause by antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug-induced glomerular and vascular disease is relatively rare. This review describes the morphological patterns of drug-induced disease in the kidney. The histopathological changes are often similar to disease that is idiopathic or due to other causes, so that awareness and clinical correlation are most helpful to arrive at the aetiology.
The effect of different module configurations on the radiation tolerance multijunction solar cells (1988)

The effects of different module configurations on the performances of multijunctioning (MJ) solar cells in a radiation environment were investigated. Module configuration refers to the electrical circuit in which the subcells of the multijunction cell are wired. Experimental data for AlGaAs, GaAs, InGaAs, and silicon single-junction concentrator cells subjected to 1 MeV electron irradiation were used to calculate the expected performance of AlGaAs/InGaAs, AlGaAs/silicon, GaAs/InGaAs, and GaAs/silicon MJ concentrator cells. These calculations include independent, series, and voltage-matched configurations. The module configuration is found to have a significant impact on the radiation tolerance characteristics of MJ cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photonic MEMS based reconfigurable switch for multicast communication systems (2003)

Fiber-optic communication has provided the information technology revolution with the high data rate networks it needed. A severe limitation of current fiber networks is caused by the use of electronics in switching and routing. An all-optical fiber network, where there is no need for signal conversion between optics and electronic, is the answer to such a demand. We introduce a new approach to implement a transparent all-optical, non-blocking cross connect switch for routing optical network traffic. This approach is based on the combination of MEMS, diffractive optical elements, and optical fibers. The proposed cross-connect is programmable to configure the network as needed. We develop MINs (multistage interconnection networks), using MEMS based switches as the backbone, to support multicast while reducing crosstalk and control complexity. We develop reordering algorithms and design a slot permuter to adapt to all changes for multicast support. The slot permuter permutes the slots in a frame over time. Finally, we verify the performance and effectiveness of our algorithms and the slot permuter through theoretical analysis and extensive simulation.
Organizational memory : socio-technical framework and empirical research (1989)

The purpose of this research was to deepen our understanding of organizational memory, a concept related to issues in organizational learning, planned change, organizational communication, human expertise, and management information systems. The work addresses several questions: How is learning embedded socially and technically in organizations? What is the role of expert systems or culture? What function do social networks play in storing and making available organizational knowledge? How can expertise be mapped out in organizations? Which variables contribute to or thwart the development of organizational knowledge? Does past knowledge facilitate or impede organizational goals? The approach taken is socio-technical and constructive--the notion of organizational memory is viewed as a framework for understanding organizations as socio-technical information systems. Six parameters are proposed for describing organizational memory: (1) the contents of memory; (2) social and technical methods of storage; (3) processes for maintaining and developing organizational knowledge; (4) use of organizational knowledge; (5) the relationship between organizational structure and memory; and (6) the relationship between past patterns and current behaviors. These parameters are measured in two field settings by analyzing communication networks, personnel records, and data collected via interviews and questionnaires. The latter helped identify roles, training practices, routines, information characteristics of tasks, and changes in norms over time. Personnel records were analyzed to measure turnover. Network analysis was used to map information flows, retrieval rates, distributions of expertise, and to identify information-processing roles. This knowledge was used to characterize the socio-technical information-processing aspects of the field sites, and to flesh out the framework and methodology. One interesting finding was that members at both field sites retrieved information from peers more often than from information systems. Another finding was that retrieval rates and experience were positively correlated. Of methodological importance, network analysis was a valuable tool for mapping distributions of expertise. Overall, the work demonstrated the value of a memory information-processing perspective to organization theory. It concludes with reflection on the application of the framework to expert systems development and human resources planning, and with speculation on ideal memory design.
Entertainment Industry Sound Design Techniques to Improve Presence and Training Performance in VE (2002)

ABSTRACT: The design and development of auditory interfaces in virtual environments has lagged behind visual interfaces. However, the auditory interface should be considered an essential component to VE that adds ambience, emotion, and a sense of presence to the simulation. The entertainment industry has long recognized the importance of sound to add these perceptual elements to film and videogames. As a result, the film industry has devoted many of its resources to developing techniques for producing sound effects and ambiences that evoke emotional responses and immerse the viewer in the film. Although interactive media present unique challenges to these techniques, many of them can be readily applied. Additionally, audio engineering techniques widely used by the film industry can be applied to improving the quality of virtual environments. If the same care and artistry is applied to virtual environments as in film, the sense of presence should be improved and it is possible that training effectiveness will also be enhanced. The current paper will summarize efforts of the MOVES Institute Immersive Audio Research Laboratory to work with the entertainment industry (film, videogame, and engineering) to adapt these techniques to virtual environments. Research examining the use of physiological response measures(temperature, electrodermal activity, heart rate, etc) to assess emotion and presence in VE will also be examined. In particular, we have shown that speaker systems contribute more to emotion (and we argue presence) than headphone systems.
cDNA cloning and heterologous expression of a wheat proteinase inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin (WSCI) that interferes with digestive enzymes of insect pests (2005)

A cDNA encoding the proteinase inhibitor WSCI (wheat subtilisin/chymotrypsin inhibitor) was isolated by RT-PCR. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the amino acid sequence of WSCI and on the nucleotide sequence of the two homologous inhibitors (CI-2A and CI-2B) isolated from barley. For large-scale production, wsci cDNA was cloned into the E. coli vector pGEX-2T. The fusion protein GST-WSCI was efficiently produced in the bacterial expression system and, as the native inhibitor, was capable of inhibiting bacterial subtilisin, mammalian chymotrypsins and chymotrypsin-like activities present in crude extracts of a number of insect larvae ( Helicoverpa armigera , Plodia interpunctella and Tenebrio molitor ). The recombinant protein produced was also able to interfere with chymotrypsin-like activity isolated from immature wheat caryopses. These findings support a physiological role for this inhibitor during grain maturation.
O lugar do psicanalista na escola (2001)

In this work we analyze the tension inherent to the educative action in its formal aspect, practiced at school, and in its informal aspect, practiced by the family, raising some questions ot impossibility that give rise to impotence and as a consequence the miscarriage of education. The miscarriage of school, considered one of the pathologies of our time, is being associated to the manipulation of the promises of pleasure associated to the political actions of Education, supported by an ethic of globalization and by the loss of ideals. These are questions that are brought to the psychoanalyst in intersection of the psychoanalysis and education.
Surface charging effects on etching profiles (1992)

Surface charging effects on etching profiles during Si trench etching in a nonuniform plasma were studied using a SEM, a Langmuir probe and an ion lens simulator. A tilt distortion in the etching profile was found near large open etched areas. In addition, bowing was found for small feature patterns. Ion trajectory calculations showed that these profile defects were caused by the local electric field distortion from a potential difference between the charged mask surface and the Si substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>