gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341 (2002)

Over the last decade, the critical role of the proteasome in cell-cycle regulation has become increasingly apparent. The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease present in all eukaryotic cells, is the primary component of the protein degradation pathway of the cell. By degrading regulatory proteins (or their inhibitors), the proteasome serves as a central conduit for many cellular regulatory signals and, thus, is a novel target for therapeutic drugs. PS-341 is a small molecule that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the proteasome. In vitro and mouse xenograft studies of PS-341 have shown antitumor activity in a variety of tumor types, including myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colon cancer, among others. Although PS-341 rapidly leaves the vascular compartment, a novel pharmacodynamic assay has shown that inhibition of proteasome-the biologic target-is dose dependent and reversible. These studies provided the rationale for a twice-weekly dosing schedule employed in ongoing clinical studies. Phase I trials in a variety of tumor types have shown PS-341 to be well tolerated, and phase II trials in several hematologic malignancies and solid tumor types are now in progress. Efficacy and safety data from the most advanced of these, a phase II multicenter trial in myeloma, will be available in early 2002.
Hydrogen incorporation in undoped microcrystalline silicon (1988)

Hydrogen in undoped, unalloyed microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) has been investigated with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The samples were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with hydrogen to silane dilution ratios (H2:SiH4) ranging from 0:1 to 98:1. Microcrystallinity is obtained for dilution ratios of 20:1 and greater. The hydrogen concentration is shown to depend nonmonotonically on the degree of hydrogen dilution. The H concentration in the films decreases with dilution for ratios from 0:1 to 10:1 and then increases with greater dilution. This dependence on dilution is established with both NMR and SIMS and suggests the existence of competing processes in the incorporation of hydrogen during deposition. It is further observed that the formation of microcrystallites is accompanied by the appearance of both higher order silicon hydrides and large concentrations of unbound molecular hydrogen.
Optical Digital High-Speed Transmission: General Considerations and Experimental Results (1982)

Laboratory experiments on digital optical transmission systems at bit rates of 1 and 2 Gbits/s are described. Systems with graded-index and single-mode fibers in the optical short and long wavelength region were investigated. All systems include complete circuits for clock and signal regeneration. Special emphasis was laid on the development of electronic circuits for gigabit signal processing and on the investigations of the noise sources of the optical channel, which appear especially pronounced in broad-band systems. The experimental results confirm the possibility to set up reliable high-speed optical transmission systems under laboratory conditions with available components. The remaining problems are of optical and not of electronic nature, despite the fact that monolithic integrated circuits for gigabit applications are hardly commercially available today.
EFFECT OF PHENOLICS ON THE GROWTH OF TOMATO AND REPRODUCTION OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS (1993)

Root dip treatments of phenolics viz. catechol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol and orcinol for 30 and 60 min. in different concentrations reduced multiplication of Rotylenchulus reniformis and improved growth of tomato plants. Improvement in growth was directly proportional to the concentration of phenolics (except higher concentration of hydroquinone which was toxic to plants) and time of root dip treatment. Among the phenolics used, hydroquinone was best fellowed by phloroglucinol, catechol, pyrogallol and orcinol.
Serotype-specific and General Luteovirus Probes from Cloned cDNA Sequences of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (1986)

Summary Genome fragments from two serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were cloned and used as hybridization probes. Dot blot assays using 32P-labelled plasmid probes readily detected BYDV in crude sap extracts from infected plants and were at least as sensitive as ELISA. Some clones were specific for either the RPV or the PAV serotypes. Others hybridized not only with the RNA of both serotypes but also with those of three other luteoviruses (beet western yellows, potato leaf roll and soybean dwarf), but they did not hybridize with the RNA of a tobamovirus or Escherichia coli tRNA. These nucleic acid probes therefore have potential for the general diagnosis of infection by members of the luteovirus group as well as detection of specific BYDV serotype infections. The taxonomic implications of the observation that the genomes of different luteoviruses have some conserved regions are discused.
Navigating Clustered Graphs Using Force-Directed Methods (2000)

Graphs which arise in Information Visualization applications are typically very large: thousands, or perhaps millions of nodes. Current graph drawing methods successfully deal with (at best) a few hundred nodes. This paper describes a strategy for the visualization and navigation of graphs. The strategy has three elements:
Nonlinear optical effects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1996)

Results of the experimental investigation of the nonlinear absorption
of microsecond and nanosecond laser pulses in the hydrogenated
amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) are reported. Optical transmission due
to photoinduced absorption was recorded. After the end of laser excitation,
complete relaxation of the light induced darkening was observed. It
is suggested that the interband nonlinear light absorption could be explained
by taking into account the light interaction with nonequilibrium
phonons.
TREM2 deficiency exacerbates tau pathology through dysregulated kinase signaling in a mouse model of tauopathy (2017)

Our results suggest that deficiency of microglial TREM2 leads to heightened tau pathology coupled with widespread increases in activated neuronal stress kinases. These findings offer new insight into the complex, multiple roles of TREM2 in regulating Aβ and tau pathologies.
Biospecific Binding of Carbonic Anhydrase to Mixed SAMs Presenting Benzenesulfonamide Ligands:  A Model System for Studying Lateral Steric Effects (1999)

This work describes the binding of carbonic anhydrase (CA) to mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) presenting benzenesulfonamide ligands at a surface consisting primarily of tri(ethylene glycol) [(EG)3OH] groups. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) quantified the binding of CA to the benzenesulfonamide groups. Two factors influenced the binding of CA: (a) the density of benzenesulfonamide groups at the surface, and (b) the coverage of the surface with molecules of CA adsorbed to these benzenesulfonamide groups. At low mole-fractions of benzenesulfonamide groups in the mixed SAM where the binding of CA is highly (>90%) reversible, we observe: (a) an approximately 10-fold decrease in the observed bimolecular rate constant for association, kon,obs, during the binding of CA (as the fraction of the surface covered by adsorbed CA increases from ∼0.15 to ∼0.35, the value of kon,obs decreases from ∼40 × 103 M-1 s-1 to ∼4 × 103 M-1 s-1); (b) almost no corresponding changes in the observed unimolecular rate constant for dissociation (koff,obs ∼0.005 s-1) during the dissociation of CA from the surface. These observations establish that kon,obs is influenced by the extent of coverage of the surface with CA, but that koff,obs is not. At low surface densities of arylsulfonamide groups, one hypothesis that rationalizes these data is that the decrease in kon,obs reflects repulsive steric interactions between molecules of CA near the surface and those already adsorbed. Each molecule of biospecifically adsorbed CA shields proximal benzenesulfonamide ligands from binding to incoming molecules of CA, and decreases the surface density of these ligands that are accessible to CA, at a rate that increases nonlinearly with the quantity of CA already adsorbed.
Teaching “Outside the Box”: Incorporating Queer Theory in Counselor Education (2001)

In response to the documented incidences of homophobia in practitioners, the authors advocate a more radicalized approach to counselor training titled Queer Theory. This approach forces individuals to rethink binary categories of “heterosexual,” “homosexual,” “male,” and “female,” and to accommodate the view of sexual orientation as multidetermined with diverse manifestations.
Generating Viewsheds without Using Sightlines (2000)

A new simple algorithm for computing viewsheds using gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) is presented. By using reference planes rather than sightlines, considerable savings in computing time can be made. The time for computing a viewshed for every point of a DEM is constant, in contrast to with sightline-based algorithms in which the computing time varies with the location of a point in a DEM. The algorithm was tested by use of the DEMs of two areas. The viewshed of every point of both DEMs was calculated. The viewshed is, as might be expected, found to be strongly influenced by both relative and absolute position. Viewpoints at peaks and ridges have more visible area than the viewpoints at pits or bottom of valleys. However, the viewshed of the viewpoints at peaks or ridges with flat local ground surface, especially in plateau-like areas, could be less than the viewpoints in pits or bottom of valleys.
Security Control Components for Epidemic Prevention Donation Management Blockchain (2020)

After the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia, it has been broadcasting soon. Medical supplies are out of used. Chinese people have provided medical supplies and raised donations to help Hubei Province, China. While, Red Cross Society of Hubei Branch and Wuhan Branch were suspected for unfair distribution of donated materials, the backlog of donated items, and inefficient assignment. These problems exposed public welfare organizations to the public sights. For information sharing, Jiangsu Province developed a new COVID-19 Donation Management Blockchain System (CDMBS). The system improves the transparency and credibility of donation information with the blockchain. Based on the overall architecture of Jiangsu's new coronavirus charity donation management blockchain, this paper designs various types of security control components. The components include the middleware for secure connection to protect the user certificate security. We designed CA certificate user management middleware to realize more secure registration and query functions for users with extended attributes. There is also a blockchain query middle with access control Software to ensure that important blockchain information is viewed securely. Experiments have verified the effectiveness and applicability of these security control components. It can be applied into a variety of scenarios in the CDMBS.
Injection of a GABA antagonist into the mesopontine reticular formation abolishes haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats (1996)

THE pedunculopontine nucleus and its adjacent structure of the mesopontine reticular formation are known as a mesencephalic locomotor region, since either electrical or chemical stimulation of these regions induces locomotion in decerebrate animals. In parkinsonism, it is presumed that the pedunculopontine nucleus is under GABAergic overinhibition from the basal ganglia. To reveal the behavioural effects of GABAergic disinhibition of the mesopontine reticular formation in parkinsonism, picrotoxin, a GABAA antagonist, (5 or 10 ng/ 0.25 microliter) or vehicle was injected unilaterally into the mesopontine reticular formation of rats via implanted cannulae after induction of catalepsy using haloperidol (1.5 mg kg-1, i.p.). Injection of the larger dose of picrotoxin, but not the smaller dose nor the vehicle, abolished the catalepsy with or without spontaneous locomotor activity. The present result suggests that the disinhibition of the brainstem output structures contributes to the recovery of mobility in the cataleptic state induced by blocking the dopaminergic transmission of the basal ganglia.
Case 65-1962 (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-three-year-old man entered the hospital because of pain in the flank.For twenty years he had experienced many episodes of steady pain in the left flank and back at the level of the second and third lumbar vertebras, with radiation anteriorly into the lower portion of the abdomen and upward to the left lower rib margin. The attacks were related to physical exertion and change of position and were always relieved by lying down. Five days before admission unusually severe, burning flank pain developed after strenuous physical exertion and radiated to the chest and to the . . .
Reproducing vertically recorded information-double layer media (1983)

In this paper, we present the results of an analysis, similar to the classic analysis of Wallace, of the flying height dependence of readback signals for heads on double layer media with a sinusoidal magnetization pattern. At high frequency, the readback voltage has the same functional dependence as that of a ring head and single layer media; the well known spacing loss, 55 db per wavelength flying height dependence.
Cloning of the ATP Phosphoribosyl Transferase Gene of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>and Application of the Gene to<scp>L</scp>-Histidine Production (1994)

Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants lacking ATP phosphoribosyl transferase (PRT) were selected by complementation with the Escherichia coli PRT gene. The recombinant plasmid pCH13 carrying a wild type PRT gene from C. glutamicum T106 was obtained in one of the mutants, LH13. Transformants, LH13/pCH13 and T106/pCH13, had three times higher PRT specific activity than T106. The plasmid pCH99 specifying the PRT, which was desensitized to feedback inhibition by L-histidine fifty-fold higher than the wild type PRT, was derived from pCH13. L-Histidine productivity of C. glutamicum F81, was markedly decreased by pCH13, but increased twice by pCH99. In cultivation in jar fermentors, F81/pCH99 continued to accumulate L-histidine through fermentation and yielded to the titer of 22/5 g/liter, while F81 accumulated only 11.5 g/liter due to production retardation halfway through fermentation. Moreover, F81/pCH99 had a larger production rate than F81 even in its production phase. These results indicate that the yield improvement results from amplification of the highly desensitized PRT provided by pCH99.
<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: Role of a Surface Protein in the Attachment Organelle (1982)

Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to host cell by means of a specialized terminus initiates infection. Monoclonal antibodies to a surface protein (Pl) inhibit this process, and react with a region of the tip covered with peplomer-like particles. Since antibodies against the Pl protein are generated by natural and experimental infection and by immunization, the substance may be an important determinant of protective immunity.
Dominant Role of Host Selective Pressure in Driving Hepatitis C Virus Evolution in Perinatal Infection (2000)

The dynamics of the genetic diversification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) populations was addressed in perinatal infection. Clonal sequences of hypervariable region 1 of the putative E2 envelope protein of HCV were obtained from four HCV-infected newborns (sequential samples spanning a period of 6 to 13 months after birth) and from their mothers (all samples collected at delivery). The data show that the variants detected between birth and the third month of life in samples from the four newborns were present in the HCV populations of their mothers at delivery. In the newborns, a unique viral variant (or a small group of closely related variants) remained stable for weeks despite active viral replication. Diversification of the intrahost HCV population was observed 6 to 13 months after birth and was substantially higher in two of the four subjects, as documented by the intersample genetic distance (GD) (P = 0.007). Importantly, a significant correlation between increasing GD and high values for the intersample K(a)/K(s) ratio (the ratio between anoffymous and synonymous substitutions; an index of the action of selective forces) was observed, as documented by the increase of both parameters over time (P = 0.01). These data argue for a dominant role of positive selection for amino acid changes in driving the pattern of genetic diversification of HCV populations, indicate that the intrahost evolution of HCV populations is compatible with a Darwinian model system, and may have implications in the designing of future antiviral strategies.
Minimally Invasive Sampling of Transdermal Body Fluid for the Purpose of Measuring Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I During Exercise Training (2006)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a ubiquitous hormone that is secreted in both an endocrine and an autocrine/paracrine manner. IGF-I has conventionally been measured in serum; however, transdermal body fluid (TDF) remains as an unexplored biocompartment in which IGF-I also resides and may be more biologically relevant because of its proximity to tissues and cells. The purpose of this study was to compare IGF-I in serum versus IGF-I in TDF before and after 8 weeks of physical training. Twenty-eight healthy men (28 +/- 5 years old, 176 +/- 8 cm tall, weighing 83 +/- 11 kg) had TDF obtained by a novel, minimally invasive method that included the application of continuous vacuum pressure on forearm skin perforated with tiny micropores created by a focused beam from a laser system and also had blood obtained by venipuncture. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured total IGF-I concentrations. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (biocompartment x time) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficients (P < or = 0.05) were used for statistical analyses. Data are presented as mean +/- SE. Total TDF IGF-I was significantly lower than serum IGF-I both before (TDF, 91 +/- 6 ng/mL; serum, 375 +/- 17 ng/mL) and after (TDF, 83 +/- 5 ng/mL; serum, 363 +/- 19 ng/mL) the exercise training. Serum and TDF IGF-I values were not significantly different pre- to post-training. Serum and TDF IGF-I levels were significantly correlated pre-training (r = 0.41), but not post-training (r = 0.34). The percent change between serum and TDF was not correlated (r = 0.09). This study has demonstrated that total IGF-I can be sampled and measured in TDF via a minimally invasive manner and is appreciably (approximately 76%) less than total IGF-I measured in serum. Additionally, the IGF-I measurements in these two biocompartments were not closely associated, possibly indicating an uncoupled, rather than a linked, regulation of IGF-I among the body's biocompartments.
A broadband, push-pull power MMIC operating at K/Ka-band frequencies (2003)

A 2-stage, push-pull power MMIC operating over the 20 to 36 GHz band is presented. With a P/sub 1dB/ and P/sub SAT/ of 0.51 W and 0.78 W respectively, this IC has demonstrated a 1-dB power bandwidth, at a minimum output power of 28 dBm, that extends from 22 to 31 GHz. This result represents the highest combination of output power and bandwidth reported from a power MMIC operating at K/Ka-band frequencies. The size of this IC with integrated baluns is a compact 1.5 /spl times/ 3.75 mm/sup 2/.
Combating spam in tagging systems (2008)

Tagging systems allow users to interactively annotate a pool of shared resources using descriptive strings called tags . Tags are used to guide users to interesting resources and help them build communities that share their expertise and resources. As tagging systems are gaining in popularity, they become more susceptible to tag spam : misleading tags that are generated in order to increase the visibility of some resources or simply to confuse users. Our goal is to understand this problem better. In particular, we are interested in answers to questions such as: How many malicious users can a tagging system tolerate before results significantly degrade? What types of tagging systems are more vulnerable to malicious attacks? What would be the effort and the impact of employing a trusted moderator to find bad postings? Can a system automatically protect itself from spam, for instance, by exploiting user tag patterns? In a quest for answers to these questions, we introduce a framework for modeling tagging systems and user tagging behavior. We also describe a method for ranking documents matching a tag based on taggers' reliability. Using our framework, we study the behavior of existing approaches under malicious attacks and the impact of a moderator and our ranking method.
Iron Complexes for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen: Tuning Primary and Secondary Coordination Spheres (2014)

A series of iron hydride complexes featuring PRNR′PR (PRNR′PR = R2PCH2N(R′)CH2PR2 where R = Ph, R′ = Me; R = Et, R′ = Ph, Bn, Me, tBu) and cyclopentadienide (CpX = C5H4X where X = H, C5F4N) ligands has been synthesized; characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry; and examined by quantum chemistry calculations. Each compound was tested for the electrocatalytic oxidation of H2, and the most active complex, (CpC5F4N)Fe(PEtNMePEt)(H), exhibited a turnover frequency of 8.6 s–1 at 1 atm of H2 with an overpotential of 0.41 V, as measured at the potential at half of the catalytic current and using N-methylpyrrolidine as the exogenous base to remove protons. Control complexes that do not contain pendant amine groups were also prepared and characterized, but no catalysis was observed. The rate-limiting steps during catalysis are identified through combined experimental and computational studies as the intramolecular deprotonation of the FeIII hydride by the pendant amine and the subsequent deprotonation by an exogenous base.
Effects of ropivacaine on human neutrophil function: comparison with bupivacaine and lidocaine (2003)

Background and objective: Neutrophils are important both for the immunological defence system and for the inflammatory tissue autoinjury mechanism. However, many local anaesthetics impair certain neutrophil functions. The aim was to assess the effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine on human neutrophils from adult volunteers. Methods: Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) concentrations and protein kinase C activity were measured in the absence and presence of ropivacaine, bupivacaine or lidocaine. The lowest concentrations of the local anaesthetics were similar to those clinically observed in the plasma. Results: Bupivacaine did not affect any neutrophil function (P > 0.05). Ropivacaine failed to change chemotaxis or phagocytosis, while lidocaine suppressed both these neutrophil functions. Ropivacaine (15, 150 μg mL−1) and lidocaine (20, 200 μg mL−1) impaired neutrophil production of O−2, H2O2 and OH− (P < 0.05) at similar rates (by 7-10%). These same concentrations of ropivacaine and lidocaine suppressed [Ca2+]i elevation. Finally, neither ropivacaine nor bupivacaine inhibited protein kinase C activity, while lidocaine did. Conclusions: Suppression of the [Ca2+]i response in neutrophils by ropivacaine may represent one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of neutrophil functions. It should be emphasized that the inhibitory effects of ropivacaine are minor and are attained only at high concentrations, which may minimize the clinical implication of ropivacaine-associated impairment of reactive oxygen species production. Further studies using in vivo systems are required to identify the inhibitory effects of ropivacaine on reactive oxygen species production in clinical settings.