gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Drift-Free, High Power 4H-SiC PiN Diodes (2006)

The PiN diode is an attractive device to exploit the high power material advantages of 4H-SiC. The combination of high critical field and adequate minority carrier lifetime has enabled devices that block up to 20 kV and carry 25 A. Furthermore, these devices exhibit fast switching with less reverse recovery charge than commercially available Si PiN diodes. The path to commercialization of the 4H-SiC PiN diode technology, however, has been hampered by a fundamental problem with the forward voltage stability resulting from stacking fault growth emanating from basal plane screw dislocations (BPD). In this contribution, we highlight the progress toward producing stable high power devices with sufficient yield to promote commercial interest. Two independent processes, LBPD1 and LBPD2, have been shown to be effective in reducing the BPD density and enhancing the forward voltage stability while being compatible with conventional power device fabrication. Applying the LBPD1 and LBPD2 processes to 10 kV (20 A and 50 A) 4H-SiC PiN diode technology has resulted in a dramatic improvement in the total device yield (forward, reverse, and forward drift yields) from 0% to >20%. The LBPD1 process appears to be more robust in terms of long term forward voltage stability.
A high-performance 0.25- mu m CMOS technology. I. Design and characterization (1992)

A high-performance 0.25- mu m-channel CMOS technology is designed and characterized. The technology utilizes n/sup +/ polysilicon gates on nFETs and p/sup +/ polysilicon gates on pFETs so that both FETs are surface channel devices. The gate oxide thickness is 7 nm. Abrupt As and B source/drain junctions with reduced power supply voltage are used to achieve high-speed operation. The technology yields a loaded ring oscillator (NAND, FI=FO=3, C/sub w/=0.2 pF) delay per stage of 280 ps at W/sub eff//L/sub eff/=15 mu m/0.25 mu m, which is a 1.7* improvement over 0.5- mu m CMOS technology. At a channel length of 0.18 mu m, a CMOS stage delay of 38 ps for unloaded inverter and 185 ps for loaded NAND ring oscillators were measured. Key design issues of the CMOS devices are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Polymeric Oil Mud Viscosifier for High-Temperature Drilling (1986)

ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing study of polymeric oil viscosifiers, lightly sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) has been demonstrated to provide thermally stable rheological properties to a broad range of invert emulsion oil drilling fluids. After the polymer is activated at temperatures of about 250°F or above, fluids treated with it show excellent shear thinning rheology which is stable to aging at temperatures in excess of 400°F. Laboratory testing and field drilling results have shown the product to be a valuable viscosifier for invert emulstion oil muds subjected to high temperature conditions. The product is economical, low in toxicity, easy to apply, and it causes no adverse side effects in the mud when used either alone or with conventional oil mud viscosifiers.
Towards Fast, Accurate and Stable 3D Dense Face Alignment (2020)

Existing methods of 3D dense face alignment mainly concentrate on accuracy, thus limiting the scope of their practical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel regression framework named 3DDFA-V2 which makes a balance among speed, accuracy and stability. Firstly, on the basis of a lightweight backbone, we propose a meta-joint optimization strategy to dynamically regress a small set of 3DMM parameters, which greatly enhances speed and accuracy simultaneously. To further improve the stability on videos, we present a virtual synthesis method to transform one still image to a short-video which incorporates in-plane and out-of-plane face moving. On the premise of high accuracy and stability, 3DDFA-V2 runs at over 50fps on a single CPU core and outperforms other state-of-the-art heavy models simultaneously. Experiments on several challenging datasets validate the efficiency of our method. Pre-trained models and code are available at https://github.com/cleardusk/3DDFA_V2.
Control of the Structural Stability of the Tubulin Dimer by One High Affinity Bound Magnesium Ion at Nucleotide N-site (1998)

Tubulin liganded with GTP at the N-site in the alpha-subunit and with GDP at the E-site in the beta-subunit (GDP-tubulin) reversibly binds one high affinity Mg2+ cation (Kb = 1.1 x 10(7) M-1), whereas tubulin liganded with GTP at both subunits (GTP-tubulin) binds one more high affinity Mg2+. The two cation binding loci are identified as nucleotide sites N and E, respectively. Mg2+ at the N-site controls the stability and structure of the alphabeta-tubulin dimer. Mg2+ dissociation is followed by the slow release of bound nucleotide and functional inactivation. Mg2+ bound to the N-site significantly increases the thermal stability of the GDP-tubulin dimer (by 10 degrees C and approximately 50 kcal mol-1 of experimental enthalpy change). However, the thermal stability of Mg2+-liganded GDP- and GTP-tubulin is the same. Mg2+ binding to the N-site is linked to the alphabeta-dimer formation. The binding of Mg2+ to the alpha-subunit communicates a marked enhancement of fluorescence to a colchicine analogue bound to the beta-subunit. Colchicine, in turn, thermally stabilizes Mg2+-depleted tubulin. The tubulin properties described would be simply explained if the N-site and the colchicine site are at the alpha-beta dimerization interface. It follows that the E-site would be at the beta-end of the tubulin dimer, consistent with the known functional role of the E nucleotide gamma-phosphate and coordinated cation controlling microtubule stability.
Synthesis of novel graft polyhydroxyalkanoates (2003)

Abstract Graft copolymers were synthesized by direct condensation of methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) or methoxy‐poly(lactic acid) (MePLA) onto a reactive polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) backbone in organic solvent. Side carboxylic groups of the PHA were coupled with end hydroxyl groups of MePEG or MePLA in the presence of N,N′‐dicylohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Graft copolymers were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). NMR spectra of PHA‐ g ‐PEG and PHA‐ g ‐PLA showed the presence of significant amounts of PEG and PLA, respectively. No noticeable unreacted PEG or PLA were detected in SEC chromatograms. Grafting of hydrophilic polymers chains as PEG or biodegradable oligomers as PLA onto PHA backbone will generate polyesters with a more rapid water uptake and faster biodegradation rates. These PHA polymers conjugates could be interesting for bioactive agent delivery systems.
Milk Protein Production in Cows Abomasally Infused with Casein or Glucose (1974)

Abstract Lactating Holstein cows fed above standard allowances for energy and protein were abomasally infused with casein or glucose in four trials to study effects on milk protein production and related responses. Infusion periods were 5 to 7 days long, preceded and followed by a control period. Milk protein yields were increased by abomasal infusion of casein in three of four trials. Erratic intakes of feed masked treatment effects in one trial, but casein infusion still raised protein percent in milk. Higher milk yields and increased protein in milk both contributed to responses of milk protein. Isocaloric infusion of glucose or glucose plus casein raised protein production above controls but not as much as casein alone. Responses to casein infusion were similar when rations contained 14 or 38% of total nitrogen as nonprotein nitrogen. Nonprotein nitrogen in milk generally increased with protein infusion but represented only a minor part of the nitrogen increase in milk. Multiple regression analyses indicated that response to protein infusion depended more on milk yield than on amount infused. These studies demonstrate a specific response to abomasally infused protein in well-fed cows.
Focusing techniques (1993)

We use the paraxial geometric optics model of image formation to derive a set of camera focusing techniques. These techniques do not require calibration of cameras but involve a search of the camera parameter space. The techniques are proved to be theoretically sound under weak assumptions. They include energy maximization of unfiltered, low-pass-filtered, high-pass-filtered, and bandpass-filtered images. It is shown that in the presence of high spatial frequencies, noise, and aliasing, focusing techniques based on bandpass filters perform well. The focusing techniques are implemented on a prototype camera system called the Stonybrook passive autofocusing and ranging camera system (SPARCS). The architecture of SPARCS is described briefly. The performance of the different techniques are compared experimentally. All techniques are found to perform well. The energy of low-pass-filtered image gradient, which has better overall characteristics, is recommended for practical applications.
Heart rate measurement in neonatal patients using a webcamera (2012)

At present there is a clear need for non-contact monitoring of the physiological signs of the patients. The system proposed in this paper aims to measure the heart rate of neonatal infants without any direct contact with the patient. The solution proposed is based on the use of standard, low-cost and commercially available digital webcamera by which it has been possible to observe defined portions of the patient face; the sequence of such images has then been used, by a specifically developed algorithm (based on Indipendent Component Analysis), to extract the heart rate of the patients. Data collected on 7 patients demonstrate the feasibility of the measurement method proposed. Data acquired on the same patients with standard electrocardiography (ECG) has been used for comparison. Bland-Altman analysis of data show close correlation of the heart rates measured with the two approaches (correlation coefficient of 0.94) with an uncertainty of 4.5 bpm (k=1). This technique has a valuable interest for the use in clinical environment as non-contact, easily deployable and economic monitoring system, but it also shows an interesting potential for remote, home health monitoring.
In vivo measurement of human wrist extensor muscle sarcomere length changes (1994)

1. Human extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) sarcomere length was measured intraoperatively in five subjects using laser diffraction. 2. In a separate cadaveric study, ECRB tendons were loaded to the muscle's predicted maximum tetanic tension, and tendon strain was measured to estimate active sarcomere shortening at the expense of tendon lengthening. 3. As the wrist joint was passively flexed from full extension to full flexion, ECRB sarcomere length increased from 2.6 to 3.4 microns at a rate of 7.6 nm/deg joint angle rotation. Correcting for tendon elongation during muscle activation yielded an active sarcomere length range of 2.44 to 3.33 microns. Maximal predicted sarcomere shortening accompanying muscle activation was dependent on initial sarcomere length and was always < 0.15 microns, suggesting a minimal effect of tendon compliance. 4. Thin filament lengths measured from electron micrographs of muscle biopsies obtained from the same region of the ECRB muscles were 1.30 +/- .027 (SE) microns whereas thick filaments were 1.66 +/- .027 microns long, suggesting an optimal sarcomere length of 2.80 microns and a maximum sarcomere length for active force generation of 4.26 microns. 5. These experiments demonstrate that human skeletal muscles can function on the descending limb of their sarcomere length-tension relationship under physiological conditions. Thus, muscle force changes during joint rotation are an important component of the motor control system.
Geared Turbofan™ Engine: Driven by Innovation (2015)

The use of gear systems in turbofan engines dates to the early 1970's with the introduction of the Lycoming ALF502 and the Garrett TFE731. In 2008 Pratt & Whitney (P&W) introduced the PW1000G PurePower® engine product line as a breakthrough in turbine engine design. There are several factors that make the PW1000G family more significant than previous machines. The first difference is the physical size of the fan drive gear system (FDGS) which transmits roughly three to four times more power than the aforementioned existing geared turbofan engines. The second major difference is the efficiency of the FDGS which reduces heat loss to a fraction of transmitted power. Finally, the reliability and time on wing of the FDGS will be comparable to any other component found in the cold section of the engine and will stay on wing for at least 30,000 flight hours before needing its first overhaul. All of these factors have transformed the FDGS development task from a simple gear design to a gear challenge. This new technology will bring cleaner, quieter and more efficient high bypass ratio jet engines to the customer.
Synthesis and anti‐hiv‐1 activities of 6‐arylthio and 6‐arylselenoacyclonucleosides (1994)

Abstract 6‐Arylthio and 6‐arylselenoacyclonucleosides was synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit replication of HIV‐1. Lithiation of acyclonucleosides with LDA followed by reaction with the electrophiles phenyl disulfide, diphenyl diselenide, 2,2′‐dipyrdyl disulfide or 2,2′‐dipyridyl diselenide afforded 6‐(arylthio or arylseleno)acyclonucleosides 5a‐c, 6, 7, 9, 15a‐c, 17a‐c . Compounds 19a‐c and 20a‐c were obtained by deprotection of corresponding TBDMS derivatives. Dehydrated products 16a , and 18a‐c were also formed during the reactions. 5‐Ethyl‐6‐(α‐pyridylthio or α‐pyridylseleno) disubstituted acyclouracils 6 and 7 were more active against HIV‐1 in both MT‐2 and CEM‐IW cell lines than AZT, DDC, DDI or D4T. The EC 50 of 6 against HIV‐1 in CEM‐IW cell was in the nanomolar range with a therapeutic index of 1100.
Inhibition by bryostatin 1 of the phorbol ester-induced blockage of differentiation in hexamethylene bisacetamide-treated Friend erythroleukemia cells. (1987)

Phorbol esters inhibit chemically induced differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells. This study examines the effect of the macrocyclic lactone bryostatin 1 on phorbol ester responses in a Friend erythroleukemia cell clone, PS 7. In several biological systems, bryostatin 1 was reported to mimic phorbol ester action, including activation of protein kinase C, but in HL-60 cells it blocked phorbol ester-induced differentiation. We report here that bryostatin 1 blocks phorbol ester action in Friend cells (clone PS 7), a second differentiating system. In this system, in contrast to HL-60 cells, the phorbol esters inhibit rather than induce differentiation. Bryostatin 1 restores the differentiation response [50% effective dose, 15 +/- 3.5 nM (SEM)] as well as blocks a second phorbol ester effect, induction of cellular adherence. The inhibition of erythroid differentiation by dexamethasone, a nonphorbol compound whose action presumably is not protein kinase C mediated, is unaffected by bryostatin 1. Although bryostatin 1 inhibits [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in intact Friend erythroleukemia cell clone PS 7, the mechanism for the antagonism of phorbol ester action by bryostatin 1 in Friend cells cannot be explained by simple competition at the binding site.
Surveillance of the Tumor Mutanome by T Cells during Progression from Primary to Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (2013)

The immune system can respond to the evolving ovarian cancer genome. However, the T-cell response detected here was rare, was transient, and ultimately failed to prevent disease progression. These findings reveal the limitations of spontaneous tumor immunity in the setting of standard treatments and suggest a high degree of ignorance of tumor mutations that could potentially be reversed by immunotherapy.
Enhanced streaming services in a content distribution network (2001)

Prism's content naming, management, discovery, and redirection mechanisms support: high-quality streaming media services in an IP-based content distribution network. IP content distribution networks (CDNs) are special-purpose networks that provide scalability by distributing many servers across the Internet "close" to consumers. Prism (Portal infrastructure for Streaming Media) is a CDN architecture for: distributing, storing, and delivering high quality streaming media over IP networks. The Prism-based stored-TV (STV) service allows users to select content based on the program's name as well as the time it was aired. Content stored inside the network is accessible throughout the whole Prism infrastructure. For example, a user in the US can access European TV content both live and on-demand. Prism also allows users to specify content to be stored in a "network-VCR" type service. The authors introduce the components of the Prism architecture.
A novel face specific Mannich closure providing access to the saframycin-ecteinascidin series of piperazine based alkaloids (2000)

The Mannich-like closure of 10→6 directly provides the backbone stereochemistry required for the titled alkaloids, in contrast to the stereochemical outcome in a related earlier case (3→4).
Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR) (1992)

Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR) Get access H.F.B.M. SIeddens, H.F.B.M. SIeddens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B.A. Oostra, B.A. Oostra 1Cell Biology & Genetics, Erasmus UniversityPO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A-O. Brinkmann, A-O. Brinkmann 2Endocrinology & Reproduction, Erasmus UniversityPO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Trapman J. Trapman * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 6, 25 March 1992, Page 1427, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.6.1427-a Published: 25 March 1992
Mucosal Adjuvanticity of a <i>Shigella</i> Invasin Complex with DNA-Based Vaccines (2009)

Protection against many infectious diseases may require the induction of cell-mediated and mucosal immunity. Immunization with plasmid DNA-based vaccines has successfully induced cell-mediated immune responses in small animals but is less potent in humans. Therefore, several methods are under investigation to augment DNA vaccine immunogenicity. In the current study, a mucosal adjuvant consisting of an invasin protein-lipopolysaccharide complex (Invaplex) isolated from Shigella spp. was evaluated as an adjuvant for DNA-based vaccines. Coadministration of plasmid DNA encoding the Orientia tsutsugamushi r56Karp protein with Invaplex resulted in enhanced cellular and humoral responses in intranasally immunized mice compared to immunization with DNA without adjuvant. Mucosal immunoglobulin A, directed to plasmid-encoded antigen, was detected in lung and intestinal compartments after Invaplex-DNA immunization followed by a protein booster. Moreover, immunization with Invaplex elicited Shigella-specific immune responses, highlighting its potential use in a combination vaccine strategy. The capacity of Invaplex to enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid-encoded genes suggested that Invaplex promoted the uptake and expression of the delivered genes. To better understand the native biological activities of Invaplex related to its adjuvanticity, interactions between Invaplex and mammalian cells were characterized. Invaplex rapidly bound to and was internalized by nonphagocytic, eukaryotic cells in an endocytic process dependent on actin polymerization and independent of microtubule formation. Invaplex also mediated transfection with several plasmid DNA constructs, which could be inhibited with monoclonal antibodies specific for IpaB and IpaC or Invaplex-specific polyclonal sera. The cellular binding and transport capabilities of Invaplex likely contribute to the adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of Invaplex.
Influence of odour plume structure on upwind flight of mosquitoes towards hosts (1999)

Both the concentration and the fine-scale plume structure of host odours influence the upwind flight of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in a wind tunnel. The attractive effects of carbon dioxide, human skin odour and l-(+)-lactic acid were tested in homogeneous, turbulent and filamentous odour plumes. With carbon dioxide, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with the increasing fluctuations in concentration that occur in turbulent and filamentous plumes. In homogeneous plumes, an initial activation effect was observed, but sustained upwind flights were less frequent than in the other plumes. The opposite was found with plumes of human skin odour: the highest number of mosquitoes flew upwind in the homogeneous plume, whereas in turbulent or filamentous plumes their numbers were significantly lower. Regardless of plume type, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and of skin odour. With l-(+)-lactic acid, the dose-response characteristics were not consistent, and the relative effects of different plume types upon upwind flights differed within different ranges of concentration. Even maximum reactions to this compound were modest compared with those to carbon dioxide or to skin odour. Our findings demonstrate (1) that mosquitoes are able to orient upwind under continuous odour stimulation and (2) that upwind flight is dependent upon plume structure in different ways for different host odour components.
X-ray excited optical luminescence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray excited optical luminescence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbonsA. P. D'Silva, G. J. Oestreich, and V. A. FasselCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 6, 915–917Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60370a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60370a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts