gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vector-mediated overexpression of catalase A in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces inclusion body formation. (1991)

To study the morphological effects of overexpression of catalase A in yeast, the gene coding for catalase A was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a multicopy vector. After induction of microbody biogenesis and catalase A expression by growth on oleic acid as sole carbon source, cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, overexpression of catalase A was studied by quantitative immunoblotting and by activity measurement. Quantitative immunoblotting resulted in a 16-fold difference between immunoreactive material from transformed and non-transformed cells. An 18-fold increase of enzyme activity was measured in transformed cells due to overexpression of catalase A from plasmid pAH521. Immunofluorescent staining of semithin sections of Lowicryl HM20-embedded cells with anti-catalase localized peroxisomes and--at a low percentage--larger particles. By immunoelectron microscopy, these larger structures could be identified as agranular, electron-dense aggregates which are morphologically clearly distinct from the cytoplasm and not bounded by a membrane. These structures, which have been named inclusion bodies, contain catalase A but not other peroxisomal enzymes like thiolase. These findings suggest that cells are capable of compensating for overproduced proteins by formation of particular types of structures.
Optical Fiber Manufacturing Techniques (1987)

The cost of fiber has been steadily decreasing because of the experience learned in production and developments in fiber processing. In this paper we will review the processes for making optical fibers, dwelling mostly on the fiber drawing process. Our results show that the fiber draw rate has been increased to more than 10 m/s without any degradation in fiber performance and specifications. The technology is not fully mature and it is likely that even higher rates should be achievable.
Dexamethasone Effects on [<sup>125</sup>I]Albumin Distribution in Experimental RG-2 Gliomas and Adjacent Brain (1987)

A total of 72 RG-2 transplanted gliomas were studied in 58 rats at three time points (1, 30, 240 min) after intravenous injection of [125I]radioiodinated serum albumin ([125I]RISA). The animals were divided into two groups: a control group that received no treatment and a second group that was treated with five doses of 1.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone over 2.5 days. Local tissue concentrations of [125I]RISA were measured with quantitative autoradiography based on morphological features of the tumors and used to calculate the tissue distribution space. Two models were used to analyze the data. A two compartment model yielded estimates of local blood-to-tissue influx constants (K1), lower limit extracellular volumes (Ve), and plasma vascular volumes (Vp) in different tumor regions. Treatment with dexamethasone consistently reduced the RISA distribution space in the RG-2 tumors; the reduction in Ve was statistically significant in almost all tumor regions: whole tumor Ve (mean +/- SE) was reduced from 0.14 +/- 0.02 ml g-1 in control animals to 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml g-1 in dexamethasone treated animals. K1 and Vp were also decreased in all tumor regions after treatment with dexamethasone (whole tumor K1 decreased from 2.36 +/- 0.89 to 0.83 +/- 0.29 microliter g-1 min-1 and Vp decreased slightly from 0.016 +/- 0.013 to 0.010 +/- 0.005 ml g-1 after dexamethasone treatment), but these changes were not statistically significant. A comparison of the tumor influx constants in control animals and the aqueous diffusion constants of two different size molecules (RISA and aminoisobutyric acid) suggests that the "pores" across RG-2 capillaries are large and may not restrict the free diffusion of RISA (estimated minimum pore diameter greater than 36 nm) and that the total pore area is approximately 6.2 X 10(-5) cm2 g-1 in RG-2 tumor tissue. The second model, which allows for diffusion and solvent drag of RISA across tumor capillaries and through the tissue, was used to analyze the distribution profiles of RISA in peripheral tumor and adjacent brain. This analysis was consistent with a small bulk flow of plasma-derived edema fluid (capillary filtration rate approximately equal to 0.8 microliter g-1 min-1) and a larger component of free diffusion of RISA (K approximately equal to 2 microliter g-1 min-1) through pores in the tumor vessels of control animals. Dexamethasone treatment markedly reduced or eliminated the filtration of plasma-derived fluid across tumor capillaries and the movement of RISA through the extracellular space by solvent drag.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Small Molecule Phenamil Induces Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization (2009)

Stimulation of osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells is a potential strategy for bone repair. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that induce osteoblastic differentiation have been successfully used in humans to treat fractures. Here we outline a new approach to the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation using small molecules that stimulate BMP activity. We have identified the amiloride derivative phenamil as a stimulator of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Remarkably, phenamil acts cooperatively with BMPs to induce the expression of BMP target genes, osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization in both mesenchymal stem cell lines and calvarial organ cultures. Transcriptional profiling of cells treated with phenamil led to the identification of tribbles homolog 3 (Trb3) as a mediator of its effects. Trb3 is induced by phenamil selectively in cells with osteoblastic potential. Both Trb3 and phenamil stabilize the expression of SMAD, the critical transcription factor in BMP signaling, by promoting the degradation of SMAD ubiquitin regulatory factor 1. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Trb3 blunts the effects of phenamil on BMP signaling and osteogenesis. Thus, phenamil induces osteogenic differentiation, at least in part, through Trb3-dependent promotion of BMP action. The synergistic use of small molecules such as phenamil along with BMPs may provide new strategies for the promotion of bone healing.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycerol/H+ symporter Stl1p is essential for cold/near-freeze and freeze stress adaptation. A simple recipe with high biotechnological potential is given (2010)

In this work, we report the contribution of the glycerol/H+ symporter Stl1p for the accumulation and maintenance of glycerol intracellular levels, and consequently cell survival at cold/near-freeze and freeze temperatures. These findings have a high biotechnological impact, as they show that any S. cerevisiae strain already in use can become more resistant to cold/freeze-thaw stress just by simply adding glycerol to the broth. The combination of low temperatures with extracellular glycerol will induce the transporter Stl1p. This solution avoids the use of transgenic strains, in particular in food industry.
Two-Mode Planar and Channel Polarimetric Difference Interferometer (2004)

In the paper are presented investigation of planar and channel polarimetric interferometer made by ion exchange in glass for sensor applications. J have determined the dependence of the difference of propagation constants of orthogonal modes of the same order on the refractive index of the cover, for planar waveguides obtained during the ion exchange K+-Na+ in the glass BK-7. Similar measurements have been made for the exchange AgPLU- Na+, determining also for that case the influence of heating time on those parameters.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pattern-Based Genetic Algorithm for Airborne Conflict Resolution (2006)

NASA has developed the Autonomous Operations Planner (AOP) airborne decision support tool to explore advanced air traffic control concepts that include delegating separation authority to aircraft. A key element of the AOP is its strategic conflict resolution (CR) algorithm, which must resolve conflicts while maintaining conformance with traffic flow management constraints. While a previous CR algorithm, which focused on broader flight plan optimization objectives as a part of conflict resolution, had successfully been developed, new research has identified the need for resolution routes the users find more acceptable (i.e., simpler and more intuitive). A new CR algorithm is presented that uses a combination of pattern-based maneuvers and a genetic algorithm to achieve these new objectives. Several lateral and vertical maneuver patterns are defined and the application of the genetic algorithm explained. A new approach to defining a conflicted fitness function using estimates of the local conflict region around a conflicted trajectory is also presented. Preliminary performance characteristics of the implemented algorithm are provided.
ZnO Processing for Bulk- and Surface-Wave Devices (1980)

Zinc-oxide thin-film transducers are used in a variety of microwave acoustic device applications for the generation and detection of bulk and surfaceacoustic waves. High coupling factor-low acoustic loss films are characterized by their dense, fine-grain, well-ordered crystallite structure, optical clarity and smooth surface texture. Sputtering the films using a compound ZnO target at moderate rates, with low reactive gas pressures on heated substrates, has produced films whose piezoelectric and acoustic properties approach those of single crystal zinc oxide. Several diagnostic techniques such as XRD, RED, SEM, TEM, optical, chemical and electrical havebeen used to characterize acoustic quality. This paper will discuss process conditions that lead to high quality film growth and diagnostic measures which best predict transducer performance.
Second-harmonic generation in nonpolar chiral materials: relationship between molecular and macroscopic properties (2001)

An oriented gas model for the second-order nonlinear optical response for optical second-harmonic generation in axially aligned nonlinear optical chromophores in chiral media is presented. Design criteria for the alignment of chromophores possessing Kleinman-disallowed traceless symmetric second-rank tensor hyperpolarizabilities β resulting in large nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(2) are enumerated. These chromophores could be oriented in high-density, highly ordered structures due to the absence of dipolar interactions resulting in exceptionally large χ(2) values. The alignment of chromophores that have C2v or Dn(n>2) symmetry in two chiral nonpolar symmetry groups for the medium, D∞ and D2, are considered. Criteria for response optimization and several physical examples are described. Additionally, certain nonpolar symmetry groups for the medium, of which the most easily realizable is probably D2, also admit Kleinman-allowed octupolar susceptibilities for which the optimum chromophore alignment is discussed.
Structure of lobster apocrustacyanin A<sub>1</sub>using softer X-rays (2001)

The molecular basis of the camouflage colouration of marine crustacea is often provided by carotenoproteins. The blue colour of the lobster carapace, for example, is intricately associated with a multimacromolecular 16-mer complex of protein subunits each with a bound astaxanthin molecule. The protein subunits of crustacyanin fall into two distinct subfamilies, CRTC and CRTA. Here, the crystal structure solution of the A(1) protein of the CRTC subfamily is reported. The problematic nature of the structure solution of the CRTC proteins (both C(1) and A(1)) warranted consideration and the development of new approaches. Three putative disulfides per protein subunit were likely to exist based on molecular-homology modelling against known lipocalin protein structures. With two such subunits per crystallographic asymmetric unit, this direct approach was still difficult as it involved detecting a weak signal from these sulfurs and suggested the use of softer X-rays, combined with high data multiplicity, as reported previously [Chayen et al. (2000), Acta Cryst. D56, 1064-1066]. This paper now describes the structure solution of CRTC in the form of the A(1) dimer based on use of softer X-rays (2 A wavelength). The structure solution involved a xenon derivative with an optimized xenon L(I) edge f" signal and a native data set. The hand of the xenon SIROAS phases was determined by using the sulfur anomalous signal from a high-multiplicity native data set also recorded at 2 A wavelength. For refinement, a high-resolution data set was measured at short wavelength. All four data sets were collected at 100 K. The refined structure to 1.4 A resolution based on 60 276 reflections has an R factor of 17.7% and an R(free) of 22.9% (3137 reflections). The structure is that of a typical lipocalin, being closely related to insecticyanin, to bilin-binding protein and to retinol-binding protein. This A(1) monomer or dimer can now be used as a search motif in the structural studies of the oligomeric forms alpha- and beta-crustacyanins, which contain bound astaxanthin molecules.
Axillary hyperhidrosis: An update (2022)

Axillary hyperhidrosis results from excessive sweat production in the armpits. It adversely impacts a patient’s quality of life. In this update, we attempt to discuss the basics, pathophysiology, and the management of axillary hyperhidrosis.
Development of a visual 3-D maxillofacial model for combined hard and soft tissue images in patients with jaw deformities. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to develop a 3 -D model for the evaluation of patients with jaw deformity by combining the maxillofacial skeleton and soft tissue. A laserbased apparatus waa used to acquire a 3 -D image of the facial appearance. This image was then combined with a 3-D skeletal image created from conventional cephalometric radiographs to produce a computer-generated model.This system includes three processes:1) Aquisition of a 3 -D image of facial appearance2) Reconstruction of the 3 -D facial skeleton image from cephalometric radiographs3) Composition of the 3 -D images of soft and hard tissue This 3 -D compound model can assist surgeons in planning surgery and provide graphic information to the patient.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTI–DOUBLE‐STRANDED DNA ANTIBODIES DETECTED BY A SOLID PHASE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY (1981)

A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detected anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies in 88% of sera from patients classified clinically as having active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without renal symptoms and 93% with renal disease. Fifty-six percent of sera from patients with inactive SLE were EIA positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies. The EIA had a sensitivity and specificity comparable to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and hemagglutination for patients with active SLE with or without renal disease, but it detected anti-dsDNA antibodies more frequently in patients with inactive SLE than the latter procedures. Precipitating antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) were less common in patients with renal disease (23% incidence) than clinically active patients without renal disease (79% incidence). Twenty-four SLE sera with elevated levels of C1q binding showed a 96% concordance for a positive EIA for anti-dsDNA antibodies in contrast to 66% concordance by RIA or hemagglutination. These findings suggest that the EIA is a sensitive and specific method for detection and measurement of anti-dsDNA antibodies. Several clinical applications of the EIA are discussed.
Combining the predictions of multiple classifiers: using competitive learning to initialize neural networks (1995)

The primary goal of inductive learning is to generalize well -- that is, induce a function that accurately produces the correct output for future inputs. Hansen and Salamon showed that, under certain assumptions, combining the predictions of several separately trained neural networks will improve generalization. One of their key assumptions is that the individual networks should be independent in the errors they produce. In the standard way of performing backpropagation this assumption may be violated, because the standard procedure is to initialize network weights in the region of weight space near the origin. This means that backpropagation&apos;s gradient-descent search may only reach a small subset of the possible local minima. In this paper we present an approach to initializing neural networks that uses competitive learning to intelligently create networks that are originally located far from the origin of weight space, thereby potentially increasing the set of reachable local minima....
Schottky-barrier formation on a covalent semiconductor without Fermi-level pinning: The metal-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MoS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(0001) interface (1987)

Chemical interaction and Schottky-barrier formation at the metal-${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ interface were studied by evaporating metals (Ag, Al, Au, Co, Fe, In, Mn, Pd, Rh, Ti, and V) onto the (0001) basal-plane surface of cleaved molybdenite, and then analyzing the interface with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Except for Mn, negligible changes were revealed in the Mo (3${d}_{5/2}$) and S (2${p}_{3/2}$) peak shapes, or widths, after deposition. The shifts in the binding energies did not correlate with the electron configuration of the metal but rather with the metal electronegativity, and are interpreted in terms of band bending at the metal-semiconductor interface, rather than chemical reaction. Plots of both Mo and S binding energies versus metal electronegativity yield approximately linear curves with nonzero (positive) slopes, which provide an average ``index of interface behavior'' of S'=1.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22. This value is considerably higher than for other covalent semiconductors, which exhibit S'0.3 due to Fermi-level pinning. The anomalous behavior of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ results from the extreme inertness of the basal-plane surface and the stability of the layered crystal lattice of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$. The absence of chemical interaction at the interface causes the formation of a Schottky barrier exhibiting behavior that may approach the Schottky limit. This behavior for ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$(0001) is compared with that of other semiconductors, and is discussed in terms of their ionicity, reactivity, and dielectric response. Metals (Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Pd, Ti, and V) were also deposited onto ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$(0001) surfaces that were bombarded with 10-keV ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ ions. The Fermi level was not strongly pinned, even though defect densities as high as \ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ were produced in the surface region.
The prevalence of insomnia in the general population in China: A meta-analysis (2017)

CRD 42016043620.
De Novo Sequencing and Resurrection of a Human Astrovirus-Neutralizing Antibody (2016)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics targeting cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases are growing exponentially. Although numerous panels of mAbs targeting infectious disease agents have been developed, their progression into clinically useful mAbs is often hindered by the lack of sequence information and/or loss of hybridoma cells that produce them. Here we combine the power of crystallography and mass spectrometry to determine the amino acid sequence and glycosylation modification of the Fab fragment of a potent human astrovirus-neutralizing mAb. We used this information to engineer a recombinant antibody single-chain variable fragment that has the same specificity as the parent monoclonal antibody to bind to the astrovirus capsid protein. This antibody can now potentially be developed as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent.
Prognostic Importance of the Standardized Uptake Value on <sup>18</sup>F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-Glucose–Positron Emission Tomography Scan in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Analysis of 125 Cases (1999)

We conclude that the FDG uptake in primary NSCLC on PET has an important prognostic value and could be complementary to other well-known factors in the decision on adjuvant treatment protocols.
Steel and Related Materials (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteel and Related MaterialsThomas R. DulskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 12, 21–32Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00108a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00108a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The problems of tonsils and adenoids. (1989)

The tonsils and adenoids are secondary lymphoid organs which have evolved to protect the human host against microbial invaders entering the body via the cephalic gateway of the body, i.e. the nasopharyngeal aperture. There are special epithelial cells and macrophages which modify the microbial antigens to present to the B and T-lymphocytes of the tonsils and adenoids. The lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins which are transported to the circulation and also topical secretory IgA which is secreted into the salvia and mucous secretions to protect the human host. The changes in these secretions as a result of recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophy of the adenoids and tonsils are discussed. Because these are part and parcel of the defence system of the body, their surgical removal may deprive the human host of one of its defence systems.
End-capped Oligomers of Ethylene, Olefins and Dienes, by means of Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization using Rare Earth Catalysts (2014)

End-capped Oligomers of Ethylene, Olefins and Dienes, by means of Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization using Rare Earth Catalysts