gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of Peanut Proteins Containing Poly(Anhydride) Nanoparticles (2014)

In the last decade, peanut allergy has increased substantially. Significant differences in the prevalence among different countries are attributed to the type of thermal processing. In spite of the high prevalence and the severe reaction induced by peanuts, there is no immunotherapy available. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential application of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles (NPs) as immunoadjuvants for peanut oral immunotherapy. NPs loaded with raw or roasted peanut proteins were prepared by a solvent displacement method and dried by either lyophilization or spray-drying. After physicochemical characterization, their adjuvant capacity was evaluated after oral immunization of C57BL/6 mice. All nanoparticle formulations induced a balanced T(H)1 and T(H)2 antibody response, accompanied by low specific IgE induction. In addition, oral immunization with spray-dried NPs loaded with peanut proteins was associated with a significant decrease in splenic T(H)2 cytokines (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-6) and enhancement of both T(H)1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines. In conclusion, oral immunization with poly(anhydride) NPs, particularly spray-dried formulations, led to a pro-T(H)1 immune response.
Speech production by a mechanical model: Construction of a vocal tract and its control by neural network (2003)

We are developing a mechanical model of a human vocal system based on a mechatronics technology. Although various ways of vocal sound production have been actively studied so far, a mechanical construction is considered to advantageously realize natural vocalization with its fluid dynamics. In the voice generation, the analysis of the behaviors of the vocal cords and the vocal tract are required to be employed in the mechanical system. Furthermore, the fluid mechanics is less stable to make the control difficult. Several motors are employed to manipulate the mechanical vocal system. A neural network works to establish the relations between motor positions and the produced vocal sounds by an auditory feedback in the learning phase. In the speech performance, the mechanical system is able to utter while vocal pitches and phonemes are adaptively controlled by an auditory feedback control. This paper presents the construction of a vocal tract part and its adaptive control by the neural networks.
Inside Windows 95 (1996)

From the Publisher:
Professionals will get the most up-to-date information on Windows 95, including networking, data sharing with OLE 2, and working with Windows in Workgroup environments.
Covers remote computing, system security, and the 'new breed' of Windows applications
Details how to configure and optimize Windows 95
Provides information and networking with Windows 95
Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders (2014)

Many potential drugs for the treatment of neurological diseases are unable to reach the brain in sufficient enough concentrations to be therapeutic because of the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, direct delivery of drugs to the brain provides the possibility of a greater therapeutic-toxic ratio than with systemic drug delivery. The use of intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain provides a means of bypassing the blood brain barrier in a non-invasive manner. In this respect, nanosized drug carriers were shown to enhance the delivery of drugs to CNS compared to equivalent drug solution formulations. Neurological conditions that have been studied in animal models that could benefit from nose-to-brain delivery of nanotherapeutics include pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease and infectious diseases. The delivery of drugs to the brain via the nose-to-brain route holds great promise, on the basis of preclinical research by means of drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles and clinical data related to intranasal delivery to CNS of large molecular weight biologics administered in solution, but safety issues about toxicity on nasal mucosa, Np transport into the brain, delivery only to specific brain regions and variability in the adsorbed dose still represent research topics that need to be considered, with a view of clinical translation of these delivery systems.
QoS aware pre-emption: A new proposition for LTE downlink schedulers (2014)

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a broadband wireless communication specified by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) on the way towards fourth-generation mobile. User traffic can be classified into two main classes which are RT (Real Time) and NRT traffic. To respond to RT's QoS requirements, resource allocation steps must be as optimal as possible. In this paper, we propose a new concept of estimation of reception time to avoid scheduling packets that may eventually be dropped inside their destination. The main objective of this proposition is to reduce radio blocks' wasting. The behavior of the scheduler has been simulated to check its performance. Simulations prove that the proposed scheme overcome existed schedulers.
Visualization of elongation factor G on the <i>Escherichia coli</i> 70S ribosome: The mechanism of translocation (1998)

During protein synthesis, elongation factor G (EF-G) binds to the ribosome and promotes the step of translocation, a process in which tRNA moves from the A to the P site of the ribosome and the mRNA is advanced by one codon. By using three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy, we have visualized EF-G in a ribosome-EF-G-GDP-fusidic acid complex. Fitting the crystal structure of EF-G-GDP into the cryo density map reveals a large conformational change mainly associated with domain IV, the domain that mimics the shape of the anticodon arm of the tRNA in the structurally homologous ternary complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP analog. The tip portion of this domain is found in a position that overlaps the anticodon arm of the A-site tRNA, whose position in the ribosome is known from a study of the pretranslocational complex, implying that EF-G displaces the A-site tRNA to the P site by physical interaction with the anticodon arm.
Drain disturb during CHISEL programming of NOR flash EEPROMs-physical mechanisms and impact of technological parameters (2004)

The origin of drain disturb in NOR Flash EEPROM cells under channel initiated secondary electron (CHISEL) programming operation is identified. A comparative study of drain disturb under channel hot electron (CHE) and CHISEL operation is performed as a function of drain bias and temperature on bitcells having different floating gate length and junction depth. The disturb mechanism is shown to originate from band-to-band tunneling under CHISEL operation, unlike that under CHE operation that originates from source-drain leakage. The effect of technological parameters (channel doping and drain junction depth) on CHISEL drain disturb is studied for both the charge gain (erased cell) and charge loss (programmed cell) disturb modes. Fullband Monte Carlo device simulations are used to explain the experimental results. It is shown that methods for improving CHISEL programming performance (higher channel doping and/or lower drain junction depth or halo) increase drain disturb, which has to be carefully considered for efficient design of scaled cells.
Downregulation of miR-342 is associated with tamoxifen resistant breast tumors (2010)

Our findings suggest that miR-342 regulates tamoxifen response in breast tumor cell lines and our clinical data indicates a trend towards reduced miR-342 expression and tamoxifen resistance. In addition, our results suggest that miR-342 regulates expression of genes involved in tamoxifen mediated tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Restoring miR-342 expression may represent a novel therapeutic approach to sensitizing and suppressing the growth of tamoxifen refractory breast tumors.
Molecular virology of hepatitis C virus. (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), discovered in 1989, is the major causative agent of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide. Following the development of a method of diagnosing HCV infection, it became apparent that HCV frequently causes chronic hepatitis. Persistent infection with HCV is implicated in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current worldwide estimations suggest that more than 170 million people have been infected with HCV, an enveloped positive single-stranded RNA (9.6-kilobases) virus belonging to the Flaviviridae. The HCV genome shows remarkable sequence variation, especially in the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 protein-encoding region, and globally, HCV appears to be distributed with more than 30 genotypes. Complicated "quasispecies" and frequent mutations of viral genomes have also emerged. The HCV genome encodes a large polyprotein precursor of about 3,000 amino acid residues, and this precursor protein is cleaved by the host and viral proteinases to generate at least 10 proteins in the following order: NH2-core-envelope (E1)-E2-p7-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2)-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-COOH. These viral proteins not only function in viral replication but also affect a variety of cellular functions. Although several explanations have been proposed, the mechanisms of HCV infection and replication in targeted cells, the mechanism of persistent viral infection, and the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases (hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma) are all poorly understood. A major reason why these mechanisms remain unclear is the lack of a good experimental HCV replication system. Although several classical trials using cultured cells have been reported, several new, more promising experimental strategies (generations of infectious cDNA clone, replicon, animal models, etc.) are currently being designed and tested, in order to resolve these problems. In addition, new therapies for chronic hepatitis have also been developed. The enormous body of information collected thus far in the field of HCV research is summarized below, and an overview of the current status of HCV molecular virology of HCV is provided.</P>
Identification of Functional <i>mob</i> Regions in <i>Rhizobium etli</i> : Evidence for Self-Transmissibility of the Symbiotic Plasmid pRetCFN42d (2004)

An approach originally designed to identify functional origins of conjugative transfer (oriT or mob) in a bacterial genome (J. A. Herrera-Cervera, J. M. Sanjuán-Pinilla, J. Olivares, and J. Sanjuán, J. Bacteriol. 180:4583-4590, 1998) was modified to improve its reliability and prevent selection of undesired false mob clones. By following this modified approach, we were able to identify two functional mob regions in the genome of Rhizobium etli CFN42. One corresponds to the recently characterized transfer region of the nonsymbiotic, self-transmissible plasmid pRetCFN42a (C. Tun-Garrido, P. Bustos, V. González, and S. Brom, J. Bacteriol. 185:1681-1692, 2003), whereas the second mob region belongs to the symbiotic plasmid pRetCFN42d. The new transfer region identified contains a putative oriT and a typical conjugative (tra) gene cluster organization. Although pRetCFN42d had not previously been shown to be self-transmissible, mobilization of cosmids containing this tra region required the presence of a wild-type pRetCFN42d in the donor cell; the presence of multiple copies of this mob region in CFN42 also promoted conjugal transfer of the Sym plasmid pRetCFN42d. The overexpression of a small open reading frame, named yp028, located downstream of the putative relaxase gene traA, appeared to be responsible for promoting the conjugal transfer of the R. etli pSym under laboratory conditions. This yp028-dependent conjugal transfer required a wild-type pRetCFN42d traA gene. Our results suggest for the first time that the R. etli symbiotic plasmid is self-transmissible and that its transfer is subject to regulation. In wild-type CFN42, pRetCFN42d tra gene expression appears to be insufficient to promote plasmid transfer under standard laboratory conditions; gene yp028 may play some role in the activation of conjugal transfer in response to as-yet-unknown environmental conditions.
CD4/CD8-negative T cells with αβ antigen receptors (1994)

A minor population of alpha beta T cells expresses neither CD4 nor CD8. These cells are probably heterogeneous. They are widespread in anatomical distribution, express an abnormal T-cell repertoire largely unaffected by selective processes that act on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and exhibit both cytotoxic and Th-2-like functions. Their role in normal immune function is completely obscure, but they are active in murine and human autoimmune disease.
Endopolygalacturonase in Apples (Malus domestica) and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening (1993)

The activity of polygalacturonase (PG) has been detected in ripe McIntosh apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv McIntosh) both by enzyme activity measurement and immunoblotting using an anti-tomato-PG antibody preparation. PG activity increased during fruit ripening and remained steady, or decreased slightly, after 5 months of controlled atmospheric storage. The enzyme had a relative molecular weight of 45,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 56,000 to 61,000 when determined by gel filtration. Viscosity and reducing end group measurements with a commercial pectin preparation showed that the enzyme is endo acting. In RNA and DNA blot hybridization experiments, a full-length tomato PG cDNA hybridized with the apple RNA and DNA, showing the identity of genes encoding the activity of the enzyme in tomato and apple.
Two Different Lantibiotic-Like Peptides Originate from the Ericin Gene Cluster of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> A1/3 (2002)

A lantibiotic gene cluster was identified in Bacillus subtilis A1/3 showing a high degree of homology to the subtilin gene cluster and occupying the same genetic locus as the spa genes in B. subtilis ATCC 6633. The gene cluster exhibits diversity with respect to duplication of two subtilin-like genes which are separated by a sequence similar to a portion of a lanC gene. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses of B. subtilis A1/3 culture extracts confirmed the presence of two lantibiotic-like peptides, ericin S (3,442 Da) and ericin A (2,986 Da). Disruption of the lanB-homologous gene eriB resulted in loss of production of both peptides, demonstrating that they are processed in an eriB-dependent manner. Although precursors of ericins S and A show only 75% of identity, the matured lantibiotic-like peptides reveal highly similar physical properties; separation was only achieved after multistep, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on Edman and peptidase degradation in combination with MALDI-TOF MS, for ericin S a subtilin-like, lanthionine-bridging pattern is supposed. For ericin A two C-terminal rings are different from the lanthionine pattern of subtilin. Due to only four amino acid exchanges, ericin S and subtilin revealed similar antibiotic activities as well as similar properties in response to heat and protease treatment. For ericin A only minor antibiotic activity was found.
All Work and No Play? (2018)

Many conversational agents (CAs) are developed to answer users' questions in a specialized domain. In everyday use of CAs, user experience may extend beyond satisfying information needs to the enjoyment of conversations with CAs, some of which represent playful interactions. By studying a field deployment of a Human Resource chatbot, we report on users' interest areas in conversational interactions to inform the development of CAs. Through the lens of statistical modeling, we also highlight rich signals in conversational interactions for inferring user satisfaction with the instrumental usage and playful interactions with the agent. These signals can be utilized to develop agents that adapt functionality and interaction styles. By contrasting these signals, we shed light on the varying functions of conversational interactions. We discuss design implications for CAs, and directions for developing adaptive agents based on users' conversational behaviors.
The qPCR data statistical analysis (2009)

Data analysis represents one of the biggest bottlenecks in qPCR experiments and the statistical aspects of the analysis are sometimes considered confusing for the nonexpert. In this document we present some of th e usual methods used in qPCR data analysis and a practical example using Integromics' RealTime StatMiner, the unique software analysis package specialized for qPCR experiments which is compatible with all Applied Biosystems Instruments. RealTime StatMiner ( http://www.integromics.com/StatMiner ) uses a simple, stepbystep analysis workflow gui de that includes parametric, nonparametric and paired tests for rel ative quantification of gene expression, as well as 2�way ANOVA for twofactor differential expression analysis.
Molecular Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, and Expression of Murine Dipeptidyl Peptidase I (1997)

Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that catalyzes the sequential removal of dipeptides from the amino termini of various protein substrates. We have isolated a cDNA coding for murine DPPI from mouse thymus and spleen cDNA libraries. The deduced amino acid sequence codes for a protein of 462 amino acid residues; comparison of this deduced sequence with that of rat and human DPPI revealed 90.1% and 77.8% identity, respectively. Using DPPI cDNA, we obtained two BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) clones that contained the murine DPPI locus. The DPPI gene consists of seven exons and 6 introns, and spans approximately 20 kilobases. Using fluorescence in situ chromosome hybridization, we localized murine DPPI to chromosome 7D3-E1.1. We determined that DPPI protein is widely distributed in mouse tissues, although its relative abundance varies from tissue to tissue. In contrast to previous reports, we show here that DPPI mRNA and protein levels and enzymatic activity are unchanged during in vitro T cell activation, implying that this enzyme is not rate-limiting for granzyme processing.
An accurate and efficient delay time modeling for MOS logic circuits using polynomial approximation (1989)

A delay model for multiple delay simulation for NMOS and CMOS logic circuits is proposed. For the simple inverter the rise or fall delay time is approximated by a product of polynomials of the input waveform slope, the output loading capacitance, and the device configuration ratio, with the polynomial coefficients determined so as to best fit the SPICE simulation results for a given fabrication process. This approach can easily be extended to the case of multiple-input transitions. The simulation results show that the proposed modes can predict the delay times within 5% error and with a speedup of three orders of magnitude for several circuits tested as compared with the SPICE simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Centralized and decentralized multi-cell D2D resource allocation using flexible UL/DL TDD (2015)

Device to device (D2D) communication is expected to be an important aspect in future 5G communication systems. To this end, D2D has been identified as an important topic in the EU flagship project METIS, wherein commercial D2D use cases are also considered. In principle, direct D2D communication offers the double benefit of low latency and high data rate at the same time. Interference mitigation and performance optimization alongside cellular users are however some of the key challenges to D2D communication. In this paper, we present a flexible D2D concept which is based on integration of D2D communication in flexible UL/DL TDD scheduling. We then compare multi-cell decentralized and centralized approaches for joint resource allocation for direct D2D and cellular links. Simulation based results are shown in a challenging indoor scenario where direct D2D users are placed among a high density of indoor cellular small cells and users. We find that centralized multi-cell resource allocation can improve overall system performance by 24 % for supporting D2D communications. Our results also show that substantial system level gains above 30% are achieved by enabling resource reuse between direct D2D and cellular users in both uplink and downlink cellular time slots. Furthermore, we see that flexible TDD provides overall better system performance as compared to fixed TDD even with a decentralized scheduler.
A piezoelectric immunosensor for complement C4 using protein A oriented immobilization of antibody (1998)

A highly sensitive piezoelectric crystal immunosensor has been developed for the detection of human complement C4. Three methods for immobilization of anti-C4 antibody on the gold electrodes were employed. The immobilization method with protein A method gave the best results in terms of sensitivity, stability and reproducibility. The coated crystal with either polyethyleneimine adhesion, followed by a glutaraldehyde cross-linking method, or physical adsorption method, gave inferior results. A thin protein A membrane was formed on the gold electrodes so that C4 antibody could be effectively self-assembled, as an orderly, closely arranged and oriented antibody membrane on the protein A layer. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the coated crystal had good response to C4 in the range 5×10−4 to 1×10−2 g dm−3. Other proteins in human serum did not interfere with the detection. The crystal could be regenerated nearly 10 times. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Hybrid thin films of graphene nanowhiskers and amorphous carbon as transparent conductors (2010)

A new form of hybrid carbon-based thin film was prepared via a pyridine chemical vapour deposition method. The as-obtained films consist of agglomerated flowerlike graphene nanowhiskers embedded in a uniform matrix of amorphous carbon. Schottky solar cells made from the hybrid films and n-type silicon show conversion efficiencies of approximately 1% under AM 1.5 illumination.
Role of survivin and its splice variants in tumorigenesis (2004)

Survivin, a unique member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is highly expressed in cancer but is undetectable in nonproliferating normal adult tissues, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Differential splicing of survivin pre-mRNA results in three new survivin variants, survivin-DeltaEx3, survivin-2B, and survivin-3B. Loss of survivin-2B expression was found in the later stage of cancer development, while survivin and survivin-DeltaEx3 are not, suggesting a differential role of them in tumour development. In this minireview, the author intends to summarise and discuss the current data relevant to the role of survivin and its splicing variants in tumorigenesis, which may facilitate further investigation in this interesting area.