gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China (1996)

BACKGROUND The divergent incidence patterns of gastric cardia and distal stomach cancer may suggest different etiologies. This study examined the role of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and green tea consumption as risk factors for carcinoma by anatomic subsite of stomach. METHODS Newly-diagnosed stomach carcinoma patients (n = 1124) and frequency-matched population controls (n = 1451) were interviewed in person. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Excess risks associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were observed largely among men. The adjusted ORs for all stomach cancer combined were 1.35 (CI: 1.06–1.71) for current smokers, and 1.26 (CI: 0.86–1.84) for ex-smokers. For tumors of the distal stomach, statistically significant positive dose-response trends were found for the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the duration and pack-years of smoking, and inverse trends for years of stopped smoking. For tumors of the gastric cardia, however, a monotonic association was found only for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.06). Alcohol consumption was not related to the risk of cardia cancer, while a moderate excess risk of distal stomach cancer (OR: 1.55; CI: 1.07–2.26) was observed among heavy alcohol drinkers. Green tea drinking was inversely associated with risk of stomach cancer arising from either subsite, with ORs of 0.77 (CI: 0.52–1.13) among female heavy drinkers, and 0.76 (CI: 0.55–1.27) among male heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide further evidence that cigarette smoking and, possibly, alcohol consumption increase the risk of stomach carcinoma, notably of the distal segment. An inverse association with green tea drinking was also observed. Cancer 1996;77:2449-57.
A Three-Phase Harmonic Power Flow Algorithm Based on A Hybrid Approach (2009)

 Abstract— Steady-state simulation plays a vital role in power system analysis and design. Steady-state initialization is important for the startup of an electromagnetic transient simulation. One of the commonly used steady-state analysis is phasor analysis. If the system is free from harmonics, phasor analysis is accurate. However, when a nonlinear or time-varying component is present in the system, phasor analysis is inadequate because the impact of the harmonics on the operating point is not taken into account. This paper presents a new power flow algorithm based on both time and frequency domains, which is also called the hybrid analysis. The proposed power flow algorithm employs a time-domain method to model nonlinear components and time-varying components and uses a frequency domain method to handle linear and distributed elements. Although in the past work, hybrid approach has been used to obtain steady-state voltage and current waveforms of a nonlinear or time-varying system, it has not yet been used for a power flow analysis. In this paper, we will show how to extend the existing hybrid method to account for the power flow constraints, imposed by the generator and load buses. Moreover, the proposed method is more efficient, as compared to the existing method because one redundant Newton iteration loop is eliminated in the proposed hybrid method.
Sub-1 V Low Power Wide Range Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (2007)

In this letter, the sub-1 V low power, wide range operation of an injection-locked frequency divider with a common-gate configuration is presented. The performances in terms of locking range and power consumption have been improved in the sub-1 V low supply voltage. Two set of prototypes, performing divide-by-2 and divide-by-3, have been fabricated in CSM 0.18 mum CMOS process to verify the proposed designs. In the proposed units, a locking range of 40% has been achieved with a power consumption of 0.24 mW in the 0.8 V supply voltage. The operating range of 2.2 GHz to 5.2 GHz has been achieved with a power consumption of 1.1 mW for a 1.5 V supply voltage.
High performance conductivity monitoring instrument with pulsating sensor (2010)

We present an unconventional but high performance pulsating conductivity monitoring instrument constructed by using a new class of sensor, viz., pulsating sensor developed in house. The design consists of a special type of logic gate oscillator (LGO) powered by 5 V direct current (dc). The conductivity cell constitutes a part of LGO. In this conductivity meter the primary signal generated from the sensor is directly in digital domain which is easily transmitted either to a personal computer or to a stand-alone embedded system. Hence it reduces the hardware components making the instrumentation highly simplified. The output of the instrument is pulse frequency which is directly related to the conductivity of solution used for measurement. The relation between pulse frequency and conductivity is determined following a multipoint calibration technique developed in our laboratory using a series of KCl standards. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated with a few examples which reveal the diverse application of this new approach of measurement technique.
Spinning rotor gauge in the range from 10−4 to atmospheric pressure (1997)

Many industrial applications require measuring pump down pressure trends over several orders of magnitude, in various sensor positions. The SAES Vacuum Gauge (SVG1) senses from 10−4 Pa to atmospheric pressure with orientation-independent positioning. A temperature sensor was added to the conventional spinning rotor gauge to compensate for the thermal response; new magnets were added to stabilize the levitation. A nonlinear data processing algorithm was developed to stabilize the gauge over the expanded pressure range. The SVG1 range is larger than a traditional spinning rotor gauge (10−4–1 Pa), and capacitance manometers (1–105 Pa).
Picometer scale vibrometry in the human middle ear using a surgical microscope based optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system (2019)

We have developed a highly phase stable optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system that attaches directly to the accessory area of a surgical microscope common to both the otology clinic and operating room. Careful attention to minimizing sources of phase noise has enabled a system capable of measuring vibrations of the middle ear with a sensitivity of < 5 pm in an awake human patient. The system is shown to be capable of collecting a wide range of information on the morphology and function of the ear in live subjects, including frequency tuning curves below the hearing threshold, maps of tympanic membrane vibrational modes and thickness, and measures of distortion products due to the nonlinearities in the cochlear amplifier.
Stored State Asynchronous Sequential Circuits (1981)

A method is described for realizing asynchronous sequential circuits in a manner analogous to the stored state method for synchronous sequential circuits. The method simplifies the process of constructing asynchronous sequential circuits, allows utilization of existing MSI parts, and avoids the necessity for concern with races or hazards.
Helper B Cells Promote Cytotoxic T Cell Survival and Proliferation Independently of Antigen Presentation through CD27/CD70 Interactions (2008)

CD8-expressing cytotoxic T cell (CTL) interactions with APCs and helper T cells determine their function and ability to survive. In this study, we describe a novel interaction independent of Ag presentation between activated CTLs and bystander CD19-expressing B lymphocytes. Ag-stimulated CTLs serially engage autologous B lymphocytes through CD27/CD70 contact that promotes their survival and proliferation. Moreover, these interactions induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines that follows two general patterns: 1) an epitope-dependent enhancement of cytokine release, and 2) a previously undiscovered coordinate release of cytokines independent of epitope exposure. The latter includes chemoattractants targeting activated T cells. As a result, activated T cells are attracted to B cells, which exert a "helper" role in lymphatic organs or in areas of inflammation. This observation provides a mechanistic explanation to previously reported experimental observations suggesting that B cells are required for T cell priming in vivo.
<i>Thermohalobacteraceae</i> fam. nov. (2020)

Abstract Ther.mo.ha.lo.bac.te.ra.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n. Thermohalobacter , type genus of the family; suff. ‐aceae , ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Thermohalobacteraceae , the Thermohalobacter family. Free‐living bacteria that mainly occur in anoxic saline environments. Cells are not pigmented and have a Gram‐positive type of cell wall. Gram‐stain reaction can be negative or positive. Typically slender rod‐shaped cells that are motile by flagella. Several strains form heat‐resistant spores. Mainly euryhaline, moderately thermophilic and halophilic. Members of the family are strictly anaerobic bacteria that utilize carbohydrates or peptides by fermentation. Cellular fatty acid patterns are dominated by iso ‐C 15:0 and iso ‐C 15:0 DMA. The family currently accommodates members of the genera Thermohalobacter , Caldisalinibacter , Caloranaerobacter , Brassicibacter , Sporosalibacterium , and Clostridiisalibacter , which were previously affiliated with the family Clostridiaceae . The affiliation of novel species to this family depends on the phylogenetic position, which should be determined on the basis of comparative sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes or genomes. DNA G + C content (mol%): 28–33. Type genus: Thermohalobacter Cayol et al. 2000. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the family Thermohalobacteraceae is: synonym (last update, February 2025) * . Correct name: Clostridiaceae LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Bacillota / Clostridia / Eubacteriales / Clostridiaceae The family Thermohalobacteraceae can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as f__Thermohalobacteraceae (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Bacillota_A / c__Clostridia / o__Tissierellales / f__Thermohalobacteraceae * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
A new validated endurance performance test (1996)

The extensive use of performance tests in diet intervention studies mirrors the importance of such a measurement. Although many different endurance performance tests have been used in the past, the majority of these different protocols has never been validated. In this study reproducibility of three different endurance performance tests was evaluated. Thirty well-trained subjects were matched on age, weight, and Wmax and divided into three subgroups. Each group of subjects performed one of three exercise protocols: protocol (A) consisted of cycling at 75% Wmax until exhaustion. In (B) subjects received a preload of 45 min 70% Wmax and then performed as much work as possible in 15 min. (C) consisted of a time trial, in which subjects had to complete a preset amount of work as fast as possible. Each subject performed one of the trials six times. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each protocol. CV(A) was 26.6%, CV(B) 3.49%, and CV(C) 3.35%. It was concluded that reproducibility of a test at 75% Wmax until exhaustion is poor and these tests are not reliable. Time trial protocols may result in better performance evaluation.
The Early-Immediate Gene EGR-1 Is Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Mediates Stimulation of Collagen Gene Expression (2006)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) stimulates collagen synthesis and accumulation, and aberrant TGF-beta signaling is implicated in pathological organ fibrosis. Regulation of type I procollagen gene (COL1A2) transcription by TGF-beta involves the canonical Smad signaling pathway as well as additional protein and lipid kinases, coactivators, and DNA-binding transcription factors that constitute alternate non-Smad pathways. By using Affymetrix microarrays to detect cellular genes whose expression is regulated by Smad3, we identified early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) as a novel Smad3-inducible gene. Previous studies implicated Egr-1 in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. We found that TGF-beta induced rapid and transient accumulation of Egr-1 protein and mRNA in human skin fibroblasts. In transient transfection assays, TGF-beta stimulated the activity of the Egr-1 gene promoter, as well as that of a minimal Egr-1-responsive reporter construct. Furthermore, TGF-beta enhanced endogenous Egr-1 interaction with a consensus Egr-1-binding site element and with GC-rich DNA sequences of the human COL1A2 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Forced expression of Egr-1 by itself caused dose-dependent up-regulation of COL1A2 promoter activity and further enhanced the stimulation induced by TGF-beta. In contrast, the TGF-beta response was abrogated when the Egr-1-binding sites of the COL1A2 promoter were mutated or deleted. Furthermore, Egr-1-deficient embryonic mouse fibroblasts showed attenuated TGF-beta responses despite intact Smad activation, and forced expression of ectopic EGR-1 in these cells could restore COL1A2 stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings identify Egr-1 as a novel intracellular TGF-beta target that is necessary for maximal stimulation of collagen gene expression in fibroblasts. The results therefore implicate Egr-1 in the profibrotic responses elicited by TGF-beta and suggest that Egr-1 may play a new and important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Prokaryotic nanocompartments form synthetic organelles in a eukaryote (2018)

Abstract Compartmentalization of proteins into organelles is a promising strategy for enhancing the productivity of engineered eukaryotic organisms. However, approaches that co-opt endogenous organelles may be limited by the potential for unwanted crosstalk and disruption of native metabolic functions. Here, we present the construction of synthetic non-endogenous organelles in the eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , based on the prokaryotic family of self-assembling proteins known as encapsulins. We establish that encapsulins self-assemble to form nanoscale compartments in yeast, and that heterologous proteins can be selectively targeted for compartmentalization. Housing destabilized proteins within encapsulin compartments affords protection against proteolytic degradation in vivo , while the interaction between split protein components is enhanced upon co-localization within the compartment interior. Furthermore, encapsulin compartments can support enzymatic catalysis, with substrate turnover observed for an encapsulated yeast enzyme. Encapsulin compartments therefore represent a modular platform, orthogonal to existing organelles, for programming synthetic compartmentalization in eukaryotes.
Global In-Use Stocks of the Rare Earth Elements: A First Estimate (2011)

Even though rare earth metals are indispensible in modern technology, very little quantitative information other than combined rare earth oxide extraction is available on their life cycles. We have drawn upon published and unpublished information from China, Japan, the United States, and elsewhere to estimate flows into use and in-use stocks for 15 of the metals: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y. Here, we show that the combined flows into use comprised about 90 Gg in 2007; the highest for individual metals were ∼28 Gg Ce and ∼22 Gg La, the lowest were ∼0.16 Gg Tm and ∼0.15 Gg Lu. In-use stocks ranged from 144 Gg Ce to 0.2 Gg Tm; these stocks, if efficiently recycled, could provide a valuable supplement to geological stocks.
381 (2012)

Introduction: Delirium is a serious condition affecting 64-80% of general ICU patients. Investigation into detection and management of delirium in ICU patients with primary neurological injury (PNI) is minimal. This study sought to validate methods for detecting delirium in ICU patients with PNI. Methods: This single center, blinded, comparative design used a convenience sampling of patients serving as their own control. Validity of neurointensivists’ assessment, CAM-ICU, and ICDSC delirium detection scales were compared to DSM-IV criteria for delirium in patients with PNI. Reliability of agreement within tests and with DSM-IV criteria was analysed using Kappa statistic. McNemar’s test was used to assess differences in delirium prevalence by test results. Results: Of 178 patients enrolled, 47 did not have all 4 delirium assessment methods completed; 131 patients completed all testing. Delirium prevalence based on each assessment methodology was 44.3% (n=58) by DSM-IV criteria, 29.0% by CAM-ICU and ICDSC (n=38 in each), and 25.9% (n-34) by neurointensive assessment. Comparing agreement between DSM-IV and other delirium methods, kappa was moderate for CAM-ICU (.52) and ICDSC (.42) and fair for neurointensivist assessment (.38). All 3 assessment methods were less likely to indicate delirium compared to DSM-IV (all p<0.001). Use of DSM-IV was associated with 5 times more patient characteristics than the other methods tested. Conclusions: Delirium prevalence in ICU patients with PNI varied by type of assessment method from 25.9% to 44.3%, with highest prevalence using DSM-IV criteria. Of assessment methods, CAM-ICU exhibited the best agreement with DSM-IV and may represent the best practical measure of delirium assessment in patients with PNI. Although the DSM-IV was used as the reference for this study, it may not be the appropriate reference tool for patients with PNI. Considering a unique delirium assessment method for patients with PNI may be required.
Nanopolymers improve delivery of exon skipping oligonucleotides and concomitant dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle of mdx mice (2008)

We conclude that PEGylated PEI2K copolymers are efficient carriers for local delivery of 2'OMe ESOs and warrant further development as potential therapeutics for treatment of DMD.
CRUMPET: creation of user-friendly mobile services personalised for tourism (2001)

More and more people combine several purposes with travelling, such as business, leisure, entertainment, and education. Such people may not have time to pre-plan a travel schedule in detail. They need location-aware information about the destination domain and expect individualised information and services. The EU funded research project CRUMPET addresses these factors and will provide new information delivery services for a far more heterogeneous tourist population. The services proposed by CRUMPET take advantage of integrating four key emerging technology domains and applying them to the tourism domain: location-aware services, personalised user interaction, seamlessly accessible multimedia mobile communication, and smart component-based middleware or smartware that uses multi-agent technology.
Spectral techniques for multiple valued logic circuits (2002)

Canonical representation of multiple valued logic (MVL) functions in any polarity k, k in (0, 1,. . .,p/sup n/ -1), where p is the radix and n denotes the number of variables in a function, was previously presented. The coefficients in a canonical representation are called the spectral coefficients. It is shown that for some MVL functions realizing them as sum of products may not be economical, especially if very few minterms can be combined. Such functions can be efficiently realized as mod-p sum of products in a polarity which provides fewer coefficients. Realization of MVL functions as mod-p sum of products is done using a set of gates which are functionally complete. Implementation of these gates is shown both in I/sup 2/L and CCD technologies. The computation complexity for estimating all the coefficients in the canonical representation is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sulfur and Its Role In Modern Materials Science (2016)

Although well-known and studied for centuries, sulfur continues to be at the center of an extensive array of scientific research topics. As one of the most abundant elements in the Universe, a major by-product of oil refinery processes, and as a common reaction site within biological systems, research involving sulfur is both broad in scope and incredibly important to our daily lives. Indeed, there has been renewed interest in sulfur-based reactions in just the past ten years. Sulfur research spans the spectrum of topics within the physical sciences including research on improving energy efficiency, environmentally friendly uses for oil refinery waste products, development of polymers with unique optical and mechanical properties, and materials produced for biological applications. This Review focuses on some of the latest exciting ways in which sulfur and sulfur-based reactions are being utilized to produce materials for application in energy, environmental, and other practical areas.
Regions of β4·β2 subunit chimeras that contribute to the agonist selectivity of neuronal nicotinic receptors (1992)

Fifteen chimeric nicotinic receptor beta subunits were constructed consisting of N-terminal neuronal beta 4 sequences and C-terminal beta 2 sequences. Responses to cytisine, nicotine, or tetramethylammonium were compared to acetylcholine responses for these subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes with alpha 3 subunits. The results show that (i) two residues in the extracellular domain of chimeric beta 4.beta 2 subunits (108 beta 2F/beta 4V, 110 beta 2S/beta 4T) account for much of the relative cytisine sensitivity; and (ii) four extracellular residues of chimeric beta 4.beta 2 subunits (112 beta 2A/beta 4V, 113 beta 2V/beta 4I and 115 beta 2S/beta 4R, 116 beta 2Y/beta 4S) account for most of the relative tetramethylammonium sensitivity. The data did not permit localization of nicotine sensitivity to any particular region.
Feature set decomposition for decision trees (2005)

This paper presents practical aspects of feature set decomposition in classification problems using decision trees. Feature set decomposition generalizes the task of feature selection which is extensively used in data mining. Feature selection aims t
A Deletion Truncating the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Is Responsible for Hypogonadism in the <i>hpg</i> Mouse (1986)

Hereditary hypogonadism in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse is caused by a deletional mutation of at least 33.5 kilobases encompassing the distal half of the gene for the common biosynthetic precursor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH-associated peptide (GAP). The partially deleted gene is transcriptionally active as revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry of hpg hypothalamic tissue sections, but immunocytochemical analysis failed to show the presence of antigen corresponding to any part of the precursor protein.
A novel color space based on RGB color barycenter (2016)

Color space is one of the bases in the image processing area. Suitable color space can give the suitable description of colors for variant processing. However, in the image processing area, the existing color space cannot show the suitable distribution in color and lightness. In this paper, a novel color space based on RGB color barycenter (RGB-CB) is proposed to describe the color and lightness more intuitively. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed color space, YUV, HSV, L*a*b*, and IPT color spaces are discussed and compared. Experimental results show the proposed color space can perform better effect than other color space in image processing.