gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8–42 GHz GaN non-uniform distributed power amplifier MMICs in microstrip technology (2012)

This paper reports on two wide bandwidth monolithic power amplifiers suitable for electronic warfare (EW) systems and other wide bandwidth applications up to the Q-band. The MMICs are based on a 100nm AlGaN/GaN T-gate HEMT microstrip transmission line MMIC technology with an f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> > 80 GHz. Both designed and fabricated amplifiers use the non-uniform distributed power amplifier (NDPA) topology and cover a frequency range from 8 GHz to 42 GHz, whereas the lower band edge is limited by the on-chip DC bias network. The first MMIC is a single-stage topology with a measured S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</inf> of 6±1 dB, the second a dual-stage topology with a measured S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</inf> of 14±2 dB, both over the entire frequency range. By choosing adequate device geometries and a low interstage impedance of 32 Ω in the dual-stage design, the wide bandwidth and high saturated output power of > 0.5W of the single-stage design are maintained. A large-signal state-space model was used in the design process. A large-signal methodology for the broadband design of the amplifiers given soft compression of the FETs and low PAE over large bandwidth is proposed and verified.
A high performance fluorescence switching system triggered electrochemically by Prussian blue with upconversion nanoparticles (2016)

A high performance fluorescence switching system triggered electrochemically by Prussian blue with upconversion nanoparticles was proposed. We synthesized a kind of hexagonal monodisperse β-NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+),Tm(3+) upconversion nanoparticle and manipulated the intensity ratio of red emission (at 653 nm) and green emission at (523 and 541 nm) around 2 : 1, in order to match well with the absorption spectrum of Prussian blue. Based on the efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer and inner-filter effect of the as-synthesized upconversion nanoparticles and Prussian blue, the present fluorescence switching system shows obvious behavior with high fluorescence contrast and good stability. To further extend the application of this system in analysis, sulfite, a kind of important anion in environmental and physiological systems, which could also reduce Prussian blue to Prussian white nanoparticles leading to a decrease of the absorption spectrum, was chosen as the target. And we were able to determine the concentration of sulfite in aqueous solution with a low detection limit and a broad linear relationship.
Analyzing and geo-visualizing individual human mobility patterns using mobile call records (2010)

Understanding the dynamics of the individuals' daily mobility patterns is very important in a wide range of fields. However, lacking of tools to monitor the time-resolved location of individuals makes this research consume both tremendous time and money in the past. Nowadays, the rapidly developing ability to collect space-time activity (STA) data through new information technologies such as cellular phones, WiFi, and GPS methods is improving the quantity and quality of these data and reducing their cost. Also, “People-Based GIS” gives us a new perspective for analyzing and visualizing these data. In this paper, we introduce several preprocessing and spatiotemporal analysis methods for such new ICT data in individual human mobility patterns mining and urban analysis under the time geography framework. By using millions of raw mobile call records of a large city in China, we compute statistical characteristic of cell phone usage both at different time of a day and on different days of a week to derive aggregated mobility patterns for millions of mobile phone users and individual mobility patterns for different groups which are divided by some selected social factors, such as gender and age. The research methods and results also illustrate how to make 3D or 2D graphic representations of individual activities patterns and their evolution through space and time.
Short alleles revealed by PCR demonstrate no heterozygote deficiency at minisatellite loci D1S7, D7S21, and D12S11. (1997)

Short VNTR alleles that go undetected after conventional Southern blot hybridization may constitute an alternative explanation for the heterozygosity deficiency observed at some minisatellite loci. To examine this hypothesis, we have employed a screening procedure based on PCR amplification of those individuals classified as homozygotes in our databases for the loci D1S7, D7S21, and D12S11. The results obtained indicate that the frequency of these short alleles is related to the heterozygosity deficiency observed. For the most polymorphic locus, D1S7, approximately 60% of those individuals previously classified as homozygotes were in fact heterozygotes for a short allele. After the inclusion of these new alleles, the agreement between observed and expected heterozygosity, along with other statistical tests employed, provide additional evidence for lack of population substructuring. Comparisons of allele frequency distributions reveal greater differences between racial groups than between closely related populations.
Signal feature analysis and experimental verification of radar deception jamming (2011)

In order to analyze and extract the different features of the deception jamming and target echo, and accomplish radar anti-deception jamming, the mathematical models of deception jamming and target echo are analyzed and simulated, then the different features in the amplitude undulation, high order cumulant and bispectrum between the deception jamming and target echo are compared; on this basis, the feature extraction method is proposed, and the feature parameters aggregate is defined; finally, the features are verified with simulation and actual experiment.
An efficient algorithm for the physical mapping of clustered task graphs onto multiprocessor architectures (2002)

The most important issue in sequential program parallelisation is the efficient assignment of computations into different processing elements. In the past, too many approaches were devoted in efficient program parallelization considering various models for the parallel programs and the target architectures. The most widely used parallelism description model is the task graph model with precedence constraints. Nevertheless, as far as physical mapping of tasks onto parallel architectures is concerned little research has given practical results. It is well known that the physical mapping problem is NP-hard in the strong sense, thus allowing only for heuristic approaches. Most researchers or tool programmers use exhaustive algorithms, or the classical method of simulated annealing. This paper presents an alternative approach onto the mapping problem. Given the graph of clustered tasks, and the graph of the target distributed architecture, our heuristic finds a mapping by first placing the highly communicative tasks on adjacent nodes of the processor network. Once these "backbone" tasks are mapped there is no backtracking, thus achieving low complexity. Therefore, the remaining tasks are placed beginning from those close to the "backbone" tasks. The paper concludes with performance and comparison results which reveal the method's efficiency.
Forgotten Mission of Liberation: Work Uncovers Site Where Raid Freed 700 Slaves (2005)

RuralBeaufort County --Archeologists have unearthed artifacts they believe pinpoint the location of a Combahee River ferry crossing used in a Civil War raid led by legendary abolitionist Harriet Tubman.The 1863 Union army raid, which freed more than 700 slaves from plantations in Colleton and Beaufort counties, is widely considered the first in U.S. history to be led by a woman.It cemented Tubman's legend as a daring and courageous emancipator, and it bolstered Union forces in the Palmetto
Robust decision tree state tying for continuous speech recognition (2000)

Methods of improving the robustness and accuracy of acoustic modeling using decision tree based state tying are described. A new two-level segmental clustering approach is devised which combines the decision tree based state tying with agglomerative clustering of rare acoustic phonetic events. In addition, a unified maximum likelihood framework for incorporating both phonetic and nonphonetic features in decision tree based state tying is presented. In contrast to other heuristic data separation methods, which often lead to training data depletion, a tagging scheme is used to attach various features of interest and the selection of these features in the decision tree is data driven. Finally, two methods of using multiple-mixture parameterization to improve the quality of the evaluation function in decision tree state tying are described. One method is based on the approach of k-means fitting and the other method is based on a novel use of a local multilevel optimal subtree. Both methods provide more accurate likelihood evaluation in decision tree clustering and are consistent with the structure of the decision tree. Experimental results on Wall Street Journal corpora demonstrate that the proposed approaches lead to a significant improvement in model quality and recognition performance.
The Inhibitory HVEM-BTLA Pathway Counter Regulates Lymphotoxin β Receptor Signaling to Achieve Homeostasis of Dendritic Cells (2008)

Proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) in the spleen is regulated by positive growth signals through the lymphotoxin (LT)-beta receptor; however, the countering inhibitory signals that achieve homeostatic control are unresolved. Mice deficient in LTalpha, LTbeta, LTbetaR, and the NFkappaB inducing kinase show a specific loss of CD8- DC subsets. In contrast, the CD8alpha- DC subsets were overpopulated in mice deficient in the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) or B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). HVEM- and BTLA-deficient DC subsets displayed a specific growth advantage in repopulating the spleen in competitive replacement bone marrow chimeric mice. Expression of HVEM and BTLA were required in DC and in the surrounding microenvironment, although DC expression of LTbetaR was necessary to maintain homeostasis. Moreover, enforced activation of the LTbetaR with an agonist Ab drove expansion of CD8alpha- DC subsets, overriding regulation by the HVEM-BTLA pathway. These results indicate the HVEM-BTLA pathway provides an inhibitory checkpoint for DC homeostasis in lymphoid tissue. Together, the LTbetaR and HVEM-BTLA pathways form an integrated signaling network regulating DC homeostasis.
Trabecular structure: preliminary application of MR interferometry. (1991)

A new approach to probe the structure of trabecular bone in the vertebral bodies in humans was evaluated, and preliminary data are presented. The proposed method is based on the hypothesis that the presence of two physical phases--bone and bone marrow--causes a magnetic field distribution across the imaging voxel. The resulting spread in resonance frequency produces line broadening, which is measured as the decay rate of the region of interest signal intensity that has the properties of an interferogram. The interferogram is the result of two principal chemically shifted components of bone marrow--fat and water--getting in and out of phase with one another while being attenuated by T2* processes from the magnetic field distribution within the measuring volume. The time constant for the decay (T2*) can then be obtained by means of curve-fitting techniques. T2* in healthy persons is found to increase slightly with age. However, patients with osteoporosis (low bone mineral density and/or spine compression fractures) have significantly prolonged T2* values, which are interpreted as arising from an increase in the intertrabecular space.
The HECT ubiquitin‐protein ligase (UPL) family in <i>Arabidopsis</i>: UPL3 has a specific role in trichome development (2003)

Attachment of one or more ubiquitins (Ubs) to various intracellular proteins has a number of roles in plants including the selective removal of regulatory proteins by the 26S proteasome. The final step in this modification is performed by ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that promote Ub transfer to appropriate targets. One important family of E3s is defined by the presence of a HECT domain, an active site first found at the C-terminus of the human E3 (E6-AP). Using a consensus HECT domain as the query, we identified a family of seven HECT-containing ubiquitin-protein ligases (UPL1-UPL7) in Arabidopsis thaliana that can be grouped into four subfamilies. The UPL3 and UPL4 subfamily encodes approximately 200-kDa proteins with four Armadillo repeats similar to those in the nuclear pore protein importin-alpha, suggesting that these E3s identify their targets through binding to nuclear localization sequences. Although T-DNA disruptions of the UPL3 locus do not affect overall growth and development of Arabidopsis, the mutants show aberrant trichome morphology. Instead of developing three branches, many upl3 trichomes contain five or more branches. The upl3 trichomes also often undergo an additional round of endoreplication resulting in enlarged nuclei with ploidy levels of up to 64C. upl3 plants are hypersensitive to gibberellic acid-3 (GA3), consistent with the role of gibberellins in trichome development. The phenotype of upl3 mutants is similar to that of kaktus, a previously described set of trichome mutants with supernumerary branches. Genetic analyses confirmed that upl3 mutants and kaktus-2 are allelic with kaktus-2 plants harboring a splice-site mutation within the UPL3-transcribed region. Collectively, the data indicate that the ubiquitination of one or more activator proteins by UPL3 is necessary to repress excess branching and endoreplication of Arabidopsis trichomes.
Elastic lamina growth in the developing mouse aorta. (1995)

The growth and development of elastic laminae in the mouse aortic media were investigated by light and electron microscopic autoradiography after a single SC injection of L-[3,4-3H]-valine. Because of the remarkable stability of elastin, radiolabel incorporated into the elastic laminae during early stages of aortic development can be identified in the mature vessel. Light microscopic autoradiographs of aortae from mice injected with radiolabeled valine at 3, 14, or 21 days of postnatal age and sacrificed at 4 months of age showed silver grains evenly distributed around the circumference of the vessel, suggesting uniform elastic lamina growth. Electron microscopic autoradiographs of aortae from mice injected at 3 and 14 days' postnatal age and killed at 4 months of age showed the elastin initially deposited at 3 days to be in the center of the lamina, whereas the elastin deposited at 14 days remained peripherally located. These observations suggest that elastin deposited early in development does not undergo any significant redistribution during growth of the vessel. Because the aorta continues to increase in diameter after the elastic laminae are essentially complete, the fenestrations in the laminae were investigated as possible sites of further expansion of the laminae. In aortae from mice injected at 3 days and sacrificed at 4 days of postnatal age, the edges of the elastic lamina that border on fenestrations showed a large number of silver grains. Regions of the elastic lamina at some distance from the fenestration, however, appeared to be associated with fewer grains. Results from this study not only present unique observations of elastin deposition in developing elastic laminae but also provide evidence that the fenestrations in the elastic laminae may play a role in their continued expansion during later stages of aortic development.
RAIF: Redundant Array of Independent Filesystems (2007)

Storage virtualization and data management are well known problems for individual users as well as large organizations. Existing storage-virtualization systems either do not support a complete set of possible storage types, do not provide flexible data-placement policies, or do not support per-file conversion (e.g., encryption). This results in suboptimal utilization of resources, inconvenience, low reliability, and poor performance. We have designed a stackable file system called redundant array of independent filesystems (RAIF). It combines the data survivability and performance benefits of traditional RAID with the flexibility of composition and ease of development of stackable file systems. RAIF can be mounted on top of directories and thus on top of any combination of network, distributed, disk-based, and memory-based file systems. Individual files can be replicated, striped, or stored with erasure-correction coding on any subset of the underlying file systems. RAIF has similar performance to RAID. In configurations with parity, RAIF's write performance is better than the performance of driver-level and even entry-level hardware RAID systems. This is because RAIF has better control over the data and parity caching.
Demonstration of a New Approach Towards 0.25V Low-Vt CMOS Using Ni-Based FUSI (2006)

This report discusses a new and practical approach to implement low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> bulk CMOS using Ni-based FUSI MOSFETs. On the nFET, we demonstrate for the first time that incorporating Yb by ion implantation can achieve similar reduction of effective work function (WF) compared to alloying making it a candidate for CMOS integration. We complement our previous work on WF modulation by Yb on NiSi/SiON with new data on NiSi/HfSiON and NiGeSi/HfSiON. On the pFET, we study the effect of Al and Pt on Ni-rich FUSI and integrate it with a SiGe-channel. Integration into our reference devices resulted in a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> reduction from 0.55/0.61V down to 0.30/0.25V for nFET (NiSi:Yb gate) and pFET (Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> Si:Pt gate + SiGe channel) respectively on SiON without degradation of the dielectric integrity and long channel mobility, and without an increase in gate leakage and D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub>
The Basis of Bentazon Antagonism on Sethoxydim Absorption and Activity (1989)

The antagonistic effect of bentazon on sethoxydim adsorption and activity was studied in quackgrass. The diffusion of 14 C-sethoxydim into and through an isolated tomato fruit cuticle was inhibited in the presence of the sodium salt of bentazon. Bentazon also increased the partitioning of 14 C-sethoxydim into CH 2 Cl 2 and water; however, it decreased partitioning into ethyl acetate. Removal of epicuticular wax from quackgrass leaf surfaces did not prevent the antagonism. Addition of sodium acetate or sodium bicarbonate to the sethoxydim spray solution at 10 mM reduced uptake of 14 C-sethoxydim by quackgrass similar to the effect of bentazon. Sodium ions in the bentazon formulation appeared responsible for the antagonism by exchanging with the H + of the sethoxydim hydroxyl group to form a more polar sodium salt of sethoxydim. The addition of Li + , K + , Cs + , Ca ++ , and Mg ++ cations associated with a weak acid also reduced 14 C-sethoxydim absorption. Addition of organic acids to the spray solution overcame the antagonism by preventing the formation of sodium salt of sethoxydim. In the field, the addition of a 3000 ppm sodium acetate solution delivering 0.56 kg/ha produced the same antagonism as bentazon on quackgrass control with sethoxydim.
South African Divestment: The Investment Issues (1984)

(1984). South African Divestment: The Investment Issues. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 14-22.
Use of Molecular Recognition To Drive Chemical Evolution: Mechanisms of an Automated Genetic Algorithm Implementation (1998)

Evolutionary formation and screening of a dynamic molecular library have been performed in an automated reactor devised by using the basic rules of thermodynamics. The principle is illustrated schematically below: a) equilibrating pool; b) binding of effective components. Quantification and mathematical modeling of the system show that the proposed method A can be applied to more complex combinatorial pools.
Taxonomy of the Bacteroides: I. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies Among Bacteroides fragilis and Other Saccharolytic Bacteroides Species (1978)

Strains of the “Bacteroides fragilis group” and other saccharolytic intestinal bacteroides were delineated by deoxyribonucleic acid homology. Of the 340 strains studied, about 90% belonged to any 1 of 10 major homology groups: The named species B. fragilis, B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. uniformis, and B. eggerthii, a described group temporarily designated “subsp. a,” and groups “3452-A” and “T4-1.” Organisms belonging to the two latter groups had phenotypic similarities with and had not been previously differentiated from B. distasonis. Thirty more strains had no homology with the above-mentioned groups and appeared to be very heterogeneous when compared among themselves. There were two subgroups within the B. fragilis homology group. These subgroups had about 65 to 70% intergroup homology and about 80 to 90% intragroup homology. The B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron homology groups had similar levels of heterogeneity, but they were more complex in that they appeared to have greater numbers of subgroups. The rest of the homology groups were quite homogeneous, usually having 80 to 90% intragroup homology.
Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders With Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa (2004)

The prevalence of anxiety disorders in general and OCD in particular was much higher in people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa than in a nonclinical group of women in the community. Anxiety disorders commonly had their onset in childhood before the onset of an eating disorder, supporting the possibility they are a vulnerability factor for developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
Absolute quantification of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout vitellogenin by the ‘signature peptide’ approach using electrospray ionization QqToF tandem mass spectrometry (2006)

In this work, we present a simple method for absolute quantification of plasma vitellogenin from both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon. Plasma samples obtained from control and beta-estradiol induced fish were digested with trypsin. A characteristic 'signature peptide' was selected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an electrospray quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer, using a deuterated homolog peptide as an internal standard. The hybrid tandem mass spectrometer was operated in a 'pseudo' selected reaction-monitoring mode in which three diagnostic product ions were monitored for identification and quantification purposes. The reproducibility (coefficient of variation approximately 5%) and sensitivity (limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.009 mg/ml) achieved by this simple assay allow it to be considered as an alternative to immunological assays.
Mullite/Alumina Particulate Composites by Infiltration Processing (1989)

A method has been developed for incorporating mullite into alumina by infiltrating an alumina preform with a prehydrolyzed ethyl silicate solution, followed by heating to decompose the infiltrant, form mullite, and densify the mullite/alumina composite. It has been found that the major portion of the weight loss of gelled ethyl silicate sols occurs in the 250° to 350°C range. Mullite formed in infiltrated bodies at ∼1475°C and specimens containing 12 to 15 vol% mullite reached 98.5% of the theoretical density after heating for 2 h at 1650°C. The mullite was found to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix and its presence decreased grain growth in the alumina by more than an order of magnitude.