gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic Action of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis RM2-5 Toward Spoilage Organisms in Cottage Cheese (2005)

Cells of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis RM2-5 were added to cottage cheese stored at 7 degrees C in different amounts to determine if they would inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens, also inoculated into the cheese samples. In addition, experiments were conducted in which no spoilage organisms were added to determine the effect of the lactobacilli on the natural background flora in the cottage cheese. For most experiments, as the numbers of lactobacilli increased, the numbers of spoilage organisms were lower than in the control on any given day of storage. In cheese inoculated with P. fluorescens, the numbers of spoilage organisms in the control had increased 5 log cycles by d 7, whereas the treatment containing the highest level of L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis RM2-5 (1.0 x 10(9) cfu/g) had not, and did not, increase over the course of the 21-d study. In the experiments where no spoilage organisms were added, lactobacilli significantly retarded the growth of gram-negative bacteria in the cheese. However, in these experiments, mold growth on the samples became a limiting factor during extended storage. The results of these experiments indicate that lactobacilli could be effective at helping control gram-negative spoilage bacteria in cottage cheese, thus potentially extending its shelf life.
Antigenic Analysis of Potato Virus X by Means of Monoclonal Antibodies (1986)

Summary At least three different antigenic determinants were distinguished on the capsid protein of the B strain of potato virus X by their differential reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. One determinant (or group of determinants) was located on the protruding N terminus which, in the assembled virus particles, is readily split off by proteases in crude plant sap or by trypsin. A second determinant (or group of determinants) was located outside the protruding N terminus on the surface of the undisturbed virus particles. In partially denatured preparations containing the protruding N terminus, this determinant became inaccessible. A third determinant (or group of determinants) became exposed only after some denaturation of the virus particles, e.g. when they were applied directly to ELISA plates or nitrocellulose membranes. In contrast to the other two determinants, this determinant was not destroyed by extensive denaturation, such as heating in solution with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol.
Late Phase Allergic Reactions (1990)

INTRODUCTION. History and Introduction: Late Phase Allergic Reactions. Definitions and Clinical Symptoms. PATHOGENESIS of LCR. Trigger Mechanisms. IgE-Antibodies. IgE-Independent Mechanisms. Exudate from Human Wheal and Flare Reactions. Mast-Cell-Derived Mediators. Role of Mediators. Histamine. Prostaglandins. Leukotrienes. Thromboxanes. Platelet Activating Factor. Activation of the Clotting System and Fibrin Deposition in Human LCR. Kallikrein-Kinin System. The Role of Inflammatory Cells in LPR. PATHOGENESIS of LNR. Late Nasal Response-Its Clinical Characterisitics, Features, and Possible Mechanism. PATHOGENESIS of LBR. IgE-Dependent Mechanisms in the Induction of LBR. Exercise-Induced Asthma and LBR. Chemotactic Factors and Allergen-Induced LBR. The Use of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) to Study Late-Phase Allergic Asthma. Platelets and Asthma. On the Central Role of Vascular Endothelium in Allergic Reactions. PHARMACOLOGIC MODULATION of LPR of the SKIN, NOSE, and BRONCHIAL SYSTEM. Corticosteroids. The Influence of Sodium Cromoglycate and Nedocromil Sodium on LPR. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists. Muscarinic Cholinergic Antagonists. Histamine Receptor Antagonists. Ketotifen. Xanthines. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitors. Tranexamic Acid. Onion Extracts. 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid. ANIMAL MODELS of LPR. Rat Skin Tests. Late Phase Asthma in an Allergic Rabbit Model. Late Phase Bronchial Reaction in Sheep. Late Bronchial Responses in the Guinea Pig. Skin Test on Monkeys. LPR and CHRONIC ALLERGIC DISEASES. Lung Function Parameters in Late Bronchial Reactions and Chronic Bronchial Asthma. Bronchial Hyperreactivity and the Late Phase Reaction in Bronchial Asthma. The Role of Leukotrienes in Chronic Lung Diseases. PAF, Platelets, and Bronchial Hyperreactivity. Eosinophils and Chronic Bronchopulmonary Disorders. Alveolar Macrophages and Bronchial Asthma. Chronic Urticaria and Late Phase Reactions. The Tangled Web: Cooperation and Interdependency of Mediator Systems in Inflammation. Regulatory Mechanisms. Pathogenesis and Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Late Phase Reactions. CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES. Differential Diagnosis of the Late Phase Reactions. Drug Therapy: The Effect of Continuous Treatment on Late Phase Reactions. The Effects of Immunotherapy on Late Phase Reactions. Summary and Conclusions. Index.
Production and purification of immunologically active core protein p24 from HIV-1 fused to ricin toxin B subunit in E. coli (2009)

In this work, we report the expression in E. coli of HIV-1 p24 fused to the subunit B of ricin toxin. The high levels of antibodies obtained after intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization of mice demonstrate the adjuvant-carrier properties of RTB when conjugated to an HIV structural protein. This is the first report in which a eukaryotic toxin produced in E. coli is employed as an adjuvant to elicit immune responses to p24 HIV core antigen.
A Wearable Smartphone-Based Platform for Real-Time Cardiovascular Disease Detection Via Electrocardiogram Processing (2010)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of global mortality and is projected to remain so. Cardiac arrhythmia is a very common type of CVD and may indicate an increased risk of stroke or sudden cardiac death. The ECG is the most widely adopted clinical tool to diagnose and assess the risk of arrhythmia. ECGs measure and display the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface. During patients' hospital visits, however, arrhythmias may not be detected on standard resting ECG machines, since the condition may not be present at that moment in time. While Holter-based portable monitoring solutions offer 24-48 h ECG recording, they lack the capability of providing any real-time feedback for the thousands of heart beats they record, which must be tediously analyzed offline. In this paper, we seek to unite the portability of Holter monitors and the real-time processing capability of state-of-the-art resting ECG machines to provide an assistive diagnosis solution using smartphones. Specifically, we developed two smartphone-based wearable CVD-detection platforms capable of performing real-time ECG acquisition and display, feature extraction, and beat classification. Furthermore, the same statistical summaries available on resting ECG machines are provided.
Volume Augmentation of the Anophthalmic Orbit With Cross-linked Collagen (Zyplast) (1989)

Injectable glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen (Zyplast) has been used to augment the soft-tissue volume of the anophthalmic sockets of five patients. Follow-up of more than 1 year has demonstrated that this material can be used safely with long-lasting results. Enophthalmos and pseudoptosis were treated by injecting Zyplast transconjunctivally into the muscle cone. Superior sulcus deepening was treated by injecting Zyplast transcutaneously into the superior extraconal fat posterior to the orbital septum ("preaponeurotic fat pad"). In some cases the size of the ocular prosthesis required can be decreased. Surgical volume augmentation of the socket and superior sulcus was averted in all five patients.
Control of human B cell tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice by monoclonal anti-B cell antibodies. (1992)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice develop EBV (+)B cell tumors after infusion of EBV(+)B cells or of B cells and EBV. In this study, scid mice were infused with B cell lines derived from three patients who developed a B lymphocyte proliferative disorder after bone marrow or organ transplantation. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 x 10(6) B cells induced tumor growth in all mice, leading to death within 60 d. Human B cells were identified in spleen and bone marrow by means of immunofluorescence or EBV genome amplification, and human IgM was detected in serum. Infusion of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human B cell membrane antigens CD21, CD24, and CD23 was effective in 80% of animals, against two of the three cell lines preventing tumor development or inducing remission according to the time of treatment. The effect was antibody dose dependent and was optimal with four intravenous infusions of at least 0.1 mg 4 d apart. Human IgM in serum and human B cells in spleen and bone marrow became undetectable when peritoneal tumors regressed completely. Infusions of IgG1 isotype-matched anti-CD4 antibody or anti-CD3 antibody had no effect. Tumors developed or recurred in 50% of these animals injected with one of the B cell line 3 mo after treatment was stopped. The same anti-CD21 and anti-CD24 antibodies had been used to treat the three patients, and shown similar degrees of effectiveness as in the scid mouse model. These results indicate that scid mice may be suitable for assessing therapeutic approaches to human B cell proliferation.
Modeling Anisotropy in Computer Mapping of Geologic Data: Chapter 7 (1992)

Geologic terrains commonly contain trends arising from structural and depositional causes. Geological mapping algorithms often suppress or distort such trends (anisotropy) because interpolation schemes generally assume spatially uniform (isotropic) influences of nearby data points in all directions. In such cases, the resulting map can look unrealistic and therefore be unusable unless edited. Proper assessment of the data prior to mapping can determine the direction and strength of anisotropy. Incorporation of this information in the gridding algorithm permits a more faithful representation of the underlying geological reality. Improvement in the areas of sparse control arises because the structural analysis coupled with other geological insights puts important constraint on the estimation procedures. In addition, drainage area configurations (Voronoi polygons) more closely conform to the geologic model, when anisotropic properties are incorporated in their construction. Two methods for incorporating directional trends into surface models are presented, a regional approach where the entire dataset is adjusted before gridding, and a local approach where directional bias is built into the weighting function of each data point. Because the regional approach is built into the gridding algorithm, it is more efficient than some techniques commonly used, which require the user to perform a series of steps. The local approach allows different directions and magnitudes of bias to be applied to different areas of a map more easily. Also, the surface at boundaries between areas of varying trend is smooth, overcoming a major problem with methods currently used. End_Page 75-------------------------
Agonist-directed Interactions with Specific β-Arrestins Determine μ-Opioid Receptor Trafficking, Ubiquitination, and Dephosphorylation (2011)

Morphine and other opiates mediate their effects through activation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), and regulation of the MOR has been shown to critically affect receptor responsiveness. Activation of the MOR results in receptor phosphorylation, β-arrestin recruitment, and internalization. This classical regulatory process can differ, depending on the ligand occupying the receptor. There are two forms of β-arrestin, β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 (also known as arrestin2 and arrestin3, respectively); however, most studies have focused on the consequences of recruiting β-arrestin2 specifically. In this study, we examine the different contributions of β-arrestin1- and β-arrestin2-mediated regulation of the MOR by comparing MOR agonists in cells that lack expression of individual or both β-arrestins. Here we show that morphine only recruits β-arrestin2, whereas the MOR-selective enkephalin [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), recruits either β-arrestin. We show that β-arrestins are required for receptor internalization and that only β-arrestin2 can rescue morphine-induced MOR internalization, whereas either β-arrestin can rescue DAMGO-induced MOR internalization. DAMGO activation of the receptor promotes MOR ubiquitination over time. Interestingly, β-arrestin1 proves to be critical for MOR ubiquitination as modification does not occur in the absence of β-arrestin1 nor when morphine occupies the receptor. Moreover, the selective interactions between the MOR and β-arrestin1 facilitate receptor dephosphorylation, which may play a role in the resensitization of the MOR and thereby contribute to overall development of opioid tolerance.
Microbially mediated manganese oxidation in a freshwater lake1 (1982)

Geochemical and microbiological studies support the hypothesis that bacteria mediate manganese oxidation in aerobic bottom waters of Oneida Lake, N.Y. In lake water samples maintained in the laboratory, decreases in soluble Mn 2+ and the formation of oxidized manganese (MnO 2 ) occurred only in summer samples which supported metabolically active Mn‐oxidizing bacteria. The eff’ect of initial Mn 2 + concentrations on Mn oxidation and on the disappearance of soluble Mn 2+ (binding) was studied in water enriched from natural levels (1.2 ± 0.4 µ M in June and 0.48 µ M in August 1979) to 9.1–200 µ M Mn 2 + . Highly enriched lake water (⩾65 µ M Mn 2+ ) inhibited Mn oxidation. Binding and oxidation of Mn was inhibited in filtered samples when particles >0.4 µ m were removed, and inhibition persisted when the particles were first ethanol treated and then reintroduced into filtered lake water. Within the range of 0–20 µ M Mn 2 + rates of Mn 2+ binding varied with the initial Mn 2+ concentrations in August water samples.
Protein Complexes in the Gas Phase:  Technology for Structural Genomics and Proteomics (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein Complexes in the Gas Phase: Technology for Structural Genomics and ProteomicsJustin L. P. Benesch, Brandon T. Ruotolo, Douglas A. Simmons, and Carol V. RobinsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 8, 3544–3567Publication Date (Web):July 25, 2007Publication History Received16 February 2007Published online25 July 2007Published inissue 1 August 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068289bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068289bresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4466Altmetric-Citations355LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Collisions,Dissociation,Ionization,Ions,Liquids Get e-Alerts
Electrical Measurements in Molecular Electronics (2004)

This paper reviews the various methods used to measure the electrical characteristics of individual or small groups of molecules, including crossed-wire junctions, mechanically controllable break junctions, conducting atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, molecular electronics on silicon surfaces, the NanoCell, nanopores, and other devices. It is shown that in the most common embodiment, the metal−molecule−metal junction, the assembly must be considered in whole. The characteristics of the molecule cannot be easily separated from the metal electrodes connected to it or from the method used to do the testing. I(V,T) data is necessary to rule out non-molecular transport mechanisms such as metal filament formation.
Panorganismal Metabolic Response Modeling of an Experimental <i>Echinostoma caproni</i> Infection in the Mouse (2009)

Metabolic profiling of host tissues and biofluids during parasitic infections can reveal new biomarker information and aid the elucidation of mechanisms of disease. The multicompartmental metabolic effects of an experimental Echinostoma caproni infection have been characterized in 12 outbred female mice infected orally with 30 E. caproni metacercariae each, using a further 12 uninfected animals as a control group. Mice were killed 36 days postinfection and brain, intestine (colon, ileum, jejeunum), kidney, liver, and spleen were removed. Metabolic profiles of tissue samples were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy and biofluids measured by applying conventional (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectral data were analyzed via principal component analysis, partial least-squares-derived methods and hierarchical projection analyses. Infection-induced metabolic changes in the tissues were correlated with altered metabolite concentrations in the biofluids (urine, plasma, fecal water) using hierarchical modeling and correlation analyses. Metabolic descriptors of infection were identified in liver, renal cortex, intestinal tissues but not in spleen, brain or renal medulla. The main physiological change observed in the mouse was malabsorption in the small intestine, which was evidenced by decreased levels of various amino acids in the ileum, for example, alanine, taurine, glutamine, and branched chain amino acids. Furthermore, altered gut microbial activity or composition was reflected by increased levels of trimethylamine in the colon. Our modeling approach facilitated in-depth appraisal of the covariation of the metabolic profiles of different biological matrices and found that urine and plasma most closely reflected changes in ileal compartments. In conclusion, an E. caproni infection not only results in direct localized (ileum and jejenum) effects, but also causes remote metabolic changes (colon and several peripheral organs), and therefore describes the panorganismal metabolic response of the infection.
Dynamic ground effect for a cranked arrow wing airplane (1997)

Flight-determined ground effect characteristics for an F-16XL airplane are presented and correlated with wind tunnel predictions and similar flight results from other aircraft. Maneuvers were conducted at a variety of flightpath angles. Conventional ground effect flight test methods were used, with the exception that space positioning data were obtained using the differential global positioning system (DGPS). Accuracy of the DGPS was similar to that of optical tracking methods, but it was operationally more attractive. The dynamic flight determined lift and drag coefficient increments were measurably lower than steady-state wind-tunnel predictions. This relationship is consistent with the results of other aircraft for which similar data are available. Trends in the flight measured lift increments caused by ground effect as a function of flightpath angle were evident but weakly correlated. An engineering model of dynamic ground effect was developed based on linear aerodynamic theory and super-positioning of flows. This model was applied to the F-16XL data set and to previously published data for an F-15 airplane. In both cases, the model provided an engineering estimate of the ratio between the steady-state and dynamic data sets.
A general closed-form solution to multi-port scattering parameter calculations (2008)

measurements using error terms to describe the imperfections of test equipment have been used for a long time, and there are many methods utilized to model the error terms. In all these methods, after having determined the error terms on the basis of calibration measurements, the s-parameters of the device-under-test (DUT) are computed from the measured s-parameters by an appropriate algorithm. One problem that arises in this context is that the methods used for calculating the s-parameters, while widely known for the one- and two-port case, appear to not be generally available for the multi-port situation. This paper addresses this situation by deriving a simple method which allows for calculating the s-parameters of a multi-port DUT from the measured s-parameters, using the error terms obtained in the calibration step. The method generates exact, closed-form solutions, and is applicable to all error models in use today.
Free radical scavenging activity of water-soluble fullerenols (1995)

Water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives (fullerenols) show excellent efficiency in eliminating superoxide radicals (O2–˙), generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, thus revealing the potential use of these compounds as novel potent free radical scavengers in biological systems.
Sensory Nerves Promote Ozone-induced Lung Inflammation in Mice (2001)

Genetically manipulated mice exhibiting altered innervation of the airways were used to examine the role of sensory nerves in ozone-induced lung inflammation. Transgenic mice expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) from the lung-specific Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) promoter exhibit hyperinnervation of the airways by sympathetic and tachykinin-containing sensory nerve fibers. Mice carrying a mutation in the low-affinity NGF receptor (NGFR) gene possess deficits in sensory innervation. CCSP-NGF transgenic mice exhibited a twofold increase in the number of lung lavage neutrophil level whereas NGFR knockout mice exhibited a nearly 50% decrease in neutrophilic inflammation compared with wild-type mice 18 h after ozone inhalation. Treatment with neurokinin receptor antagonists reduced the level of neutrophilic inflammation in both wild-type and CCSP-NGF mice. Examination of lavage fluid cytokine concentrations revealed that 4 h after ozone exposure CCSP-NGF mice produced significantly higher amounts of the chemokine KC than wild-type mice exposed to ozone. The results of this study indicate that sensory nerves are important mediators of ozone-induced inflammation in mice.