gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Metaphase Chromosomes Using Deep Learning Neural Network (2018)

Karyotyping of Banded Metaphase Chromosomes is one of the preliminary steps used in cytogenetics to analyze the chromosomes for diagnostic purposes. Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning concerned with structure and function of brain. It exploits a way to automate predictive analysis. The key aspect of deep learning is that the layers of features are not designed by human engineers. They are learned from data using a general purpose learning procedure. This paper proposes a convolution based deep learning to classify the chromosomes for automated karyotyping. The developed architecture allows us to train and test images that helps in predicting the chromosome abnormality. The performance analysis is based on loss and accuracy curves and the graphical representation clearly exhibits better classification results for this architecture.
A Character Level Based and Word Level Based Approach for Chinese-Vietnamese Machine Translation (2016)

Chinese and Vietnamese have the same isolated language; that is, the words are not delimited by spaces. In machine translation, word segmentation is often done first when translating from Chinese or Vietnamese into different languages (typically English) and vice versa. However, it is a matter for consideration that words may or may not be segmented when translating between two languages in which spaces are not used between words, such as Chinese and Vietnamese. Since Chinese-Vietnamese is a low-resource language pair, the sparse data problem is evident in the translation system of this language pair. Therefore, while translating, whether it should be segmented or not becomes more important. In this paper, we propose a new method for translating Chinese to Vietnamese based on a combination of the advantages of character level and word level translation. In addition, a hybrid approach that combines statistics and rules is used to translate on the word level. And at the character level, a statistical translation is used. The experimental results showed that our method improved the performance of machine translation over that of character or word level translation.
Architecture, Implementation, and Deployment of a High Performance, High Capacity Resilient Mass Storage Server (RMSS) (2001)

The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) High Performance Computing (HPC) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) recently reengineered the existing mass storage system serving its high-performance compute platforms. The purpose was to provide significantly improved file system availability, to refresh the technology and the architectural design, and to position the MSRC to incorporate emerging technologies such as Storage Area Networks (SANs). The resultant configuration utilizes two SUN Enterprise 10000s (E10K) with 3 TB of switched Fibre Channel Disk Arrays and the latest generation of tape devices. The theoretical peak system capacity is in excess of 2 Terabytes (TB) per day, with management of up to 1 PetaBytes (PB) of storage and an aggregate external network throughput of 220 Megabytes (MB) per second. This paper discusses the technologies and considerations used in the design of the MSRC Resilient Mass Storage Server (RMSS), its architecture, implementation and integration, deployment and transition from the existing CRAY Data Migration Facility (DMF).
Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades the thallus of the brown alga Fucus evanescens. (2002)

Eleven non-pigmented strains of gram-negative, aerobic, marine bacteria with polar flagella were isolated from the thallus of the brown alga Fucus evanescens collected in the Kraternaya Bight of the Kurile Islands in the Pacific Ocean. These organisms were conspecific and exhibited high levels of genetic relatedness (up to 91%). The G+C contents of the DNAs of these strains were 42.9-43.3 mol%. These halophilic bacteria had bacteriolytic, proteolytic and haemolytic activities and degraded algal polysaccharides, synthesizing a number of glycoside hydrolases (fucoidanases, laminaranases, alginases, agarases, pullulanases, beta-glucosidases, beta-galactosidases, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases and beta-xylosidases). By 16S rDNA analysis, the bacteria were shown to belong to the genus Pseudoalteromonas, a member of the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria. DNA from the strains isolated from the brown alga showed 27-54% genetic relatedness with respect to DNAs of other type strains of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The phenotypic characteristics, together with the genetic evidence, indicate that this group of epiphytic bacteria represents a distinct species, Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii sp. nov., for which the type strain is KMM 3549T (= LMG 19697T = CIP 106858T).
Endonuclease from <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> Which Has Activity Toward Ultraviolet-Irradiated Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Purification and Properties (1970)

An endonuclease purified approximately 3,200-fold from Micrococcus luteus is active on native ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but is inactive on unirradiated native or denatured DNA and has no activity toward irradiated denatured DNA. The major type of lesion for the nucleolytic activity is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer. The enzyme makes a number of single-strand breaks approximately equal to the number of dimers, but dimers are not excised. This endonuclease-a small molecular weight protein-therefore has all the attributes hypothesized for the first enzyme in the sequential steps in repair of DNA in vivo. Another paper shows that the endonuclease is able to reactivate ultraviolet-irradiated transforming DNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ or Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Organometals Containing Zinc, Magnesium, Aluminum, and Zirconium (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetic Engineering of the Phosphocarrier Protein NPr of the Escherichia coli Phosphotransferase System Selectively Improves Sugar Uptake Activity (2012)

The Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) in prokaryotes mediates the uptake and phosphorylation of its numerous substrates through a phosphoryl transfer chain where a phosphoryl transfer protein, HPr, transfers its phosphoryl group to any of several sugar-specific Enzyme IIA proteins in preparation for sugar transport. A phosphoryl transfer protein of the PTS, NPr, homologous to HPr, functions to regulate nitrogen metabolism and shows virtually no enzymatic cross-reactivity with HPr. Here we describe the genetic engineering of a "chimeric" HPr/NPr protein, termed CPr14 because 14 amino acid residues of the interface were replaced. CPr14 shows decreased activity with most PTS permeases relative to HPr, but increases activity with the broad specificity mannose permease. The results lead to the proposal that HPr is not optimal for most PTS permeases but instead represents a compromise with suboptimal activity for most PTS permeases. The evolutionary implications are discussed.
Phase Contrast Microscopy for Opaque Specimens* (1950)

Phase contrast microscopy is by now a familiar subject in the field of transmitted light microscopy. Its application in reflected light is more recent. Early systems for reflected light phase contrast either located the phase annulus directly in the objective focal plane, or else compromised on this desired location and placed it beyond the vertical illuminator, somewhere between aperture and field planes in the microscope. This paper describes a different approach to the problem, resulting in an instrument design which obviates the elaborate equipments required by the above-mentioned systems, requires only one phase annulus and one illuminating annulus for all objectives, and in which the phase annulus is located in the ideal aperture plane of the microscope.
Superlubric Sliding of Graphene Nanoflakes on Graphene (2013)

The lubricating properties of graphite and graphene have been intensely studied by sliding a frictional force microscope tip against them to understand the origin of the observed low friction. In contrast, the relative motion of free graphene layers remains poorly understood. Here we report a study of the sliding behavior of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) on a graphene surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we found that the GNFs show facile translational and rotational motions between commensurate initial and final states at temperatures as low as 5 K. The motion is initiated by a tip-induced transition of the flakes from a commensurate to an incommensurate registry with the underlying graphene layer (the superlubric state), followed by rapid sliding until another commensurate position is reached. Counterintuitively, the average sliding distance of the flakes is larger at 5 K than at 77 K, indicating that thermal fluctuations are likely to trigger their transitions from superlubric back to commensurate ground states.
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers for Managing Patients with Suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury — United States, November 2019 (2019)

CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders are investigating a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). CDC has published recommendations for health care providers regarding EVALI (2-4). Recently, researchers from Utah and New York published proposed diagnosis and treatment algorithms for EVALI (5,6). EVALI remains a diagnosis of exclusion because, at present, no specific test or marker exists for its diagnosis, and evaluation should be guided by clinical judgment. Because patients with EVALI can experience symptoms similar to those associated with influenza or other respiratory infections (e.g., fever, cough, headache, myalgias, or fatigue), it might be difficult to differentiate EVALI from influenza or community-acquired pneumonia on initial assessment; EVALI might also co-occur with respiratory infections. This report summarizes recommendations for health care providers managing patients with suspected or known EVALI when respiratory infections such as influenza are more prevalent in the community than they have been in recent months (7). Recommendations include 1) asking patients with respiratory, gastrointestinal, or constitutional symptoms about the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products; 2) evaluating those suspected to have EVALI with pulse oximetry and obtaining chest imaging, as clinically indicated; 3) considering outpatient management for clinically stable EVALI patients who meet certain criteria; 4) testing patients for influenza, particularly during influenza season, and administering antimicrobials, including antivirals, in accordance with established guidelines; 5) using caution when considering prescribing corticosteroids for outpatients, because this treatment modality has not been well studied among outpatients, and corticosteroids could worsen respiratory infections; 6) recommending evidence-based treatment strategies, including behavioral counseling, to help patients discontinue using e-cigarette, or vaping, products; and 7) emphasizing the importance of annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including patients who use e-cigarette, or vaping products.
Anti-myeloma activity of MELK inhibitor OTS167: effects on drug-resistant myeloma cells and putative myeloma stem cell replenishment of malignant plasma cells (2016)

Currently considered incurable, multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PC) predominantly in the bone marrow, which overproduce monoclonal immunoglobulin proteins, and a perturbed tumor microenvironment, which promotes PC survival, inhibits osteoblast activity, increases osteoclast activity, and leads to hallmark osteolytic bone disease, all of which contribute to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Disrupting these sequelae by incorporation of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs into treatment regimens has improved overall survival of MM patients; however, the majority of patients will become refractory to the most effective currently available therapeutic options and relapse. Expression of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is increased in a number of cancers and is associated with poorer prognosis. MELK activity modulates many cellular and biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis, and is believed to have a critical role in cancer stem cell maintenance. e assessed the expression of MELK mRNA in malignant PC derived from MM patients and human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and effects of the MELK inhibitor OTS167 on myeloma cells, including drug-resistant subclones. The effects of OTS167 were also tested in an in vitro cell culture model that recapitulates the bone marrow microenvironment and a malignant PC outgrowth model using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with frank MM.
Radiofrequency Treatment of Vaginal Laxity after Vaginal Delivery: Nonsurgical Vaginal Tightening (2010)

The RF treatment was well tolerated and showed an excellent 6-month safety profile in this pilot study. Responses to the questionnaires suggest subjective improvement in self-reported vaginal tightness, sexual function and decreased sexual distress. These findings warrant further study.
The effect of front-to-rear propeller spacing on the interaction noise of a model counterrotation propeller at cruise conditions (1987)

The effect of front-to-rear propeller spacing on the interaction noise of a counterrotation propeller model was measured at cruise conditions. The data taken at an axial Mach number of 0.80 behaved as expected: interaction noise was reduced with increased spacing. The data taken at M=0.76 and M=0.72 did not behave as expected. At some of the test conditions the noise was unchanged; others even showed noise increases with increased spacing. A possible explanation, involving the amount of downstream blade area impacted by the tip vortex, is presented.
An efficient bifunctional two-component catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in reversible fuel cells, electrolyzers and rechargeable air electrodes (2016)

We report RDE and MEA performance of an active and stable non-precious, two-phase bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution (ORR and OER) electrocatalyst for use in unitized reversible fuel cell/electrolyzers or rechargeable metal–air batteries.
A CMOS 260 Mbps read channel with EPRML performance (2002)

In this paper, the read channel architecture for a 260 Mbps read channel far magnetic recording applications is presented. The read channel uses a 7 pole 2 zero continuous time filter with a 6 bit flash ADC in the analog front end. The ADC samples are further equalized to the PR4 partial response target with a 5 tap fully asymmetric FIR including LMS adaption. Detection is performed with a PR4 Viterbi detector followed by a postprocessor based on a 16/17(0,6/6) modulation code achieving full EPR4 performance over a range of channel densities. The design is implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m DPTM CMOS and dissipates 1.3 W max at 260 Mbps.
Functional Expression of Geraniol 10-Hydroxylase Reveals Its Dual Function in the Biosynthesis of Terpenoid and Phenylpropanoid (2011)

Geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, has been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The gene for Catharanthus roseus G10H (CrG10H) was cloned and heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. A number of substrates were subjected to assay the enzyme activity of CrG10H. As reported in a previous study, CrG10H hydroxylated the monoterpenoid geraniol at the C-10 position to generate 10-hydroxygeraniol. Interestingly, CrG10H also catalyzed 3'-hydroxylation of naringenin to produce eriodictyol. Coexpression of an Arabidopsis NADPH P450 reductase substantially increased the ability of CrG10H to hydroxylate naringenin. The catalytic activity of CrG10H was approximately 10 times more efficient with geraniol than with naringenin, judged by the k(cat)/K(m) values. Thus, G10H also plays an important role in the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids, in addition to its previously described role in the metabolism of terpenoids.
Verified security of BLT signature scheme (2020)

The majority of real-world applications of digital signatures use timestamping to ensure non-repudiation in face of possible key revocations. This observation led Buldas, Laanoja, and Truu to a server-assisted digital signature scheme built around cryptographic timestamping.
Laser speckle contrast imaging with extended depth of field for in-vivo tissue imaging (2013)

This work presents, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of the Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) technique with extended depth of field (DOF). We employ wavefront coding on the detected beam to gain quantitative information on flow speeds through a DOF extended two-fold compared to the traditional system. We characterize the system in-vitro using controlled microfluidic experiments, and apply it in-vivo to imaging the somatosensory cortex of a rat, showing improved ability to image flow in a larger number of vessels simultaneously.
Kinetics and Transport at AMTEC Electrodes: II . Temperature Dependence of the Interfacial Impedance of Na(g)/Porous Mo/Na‐Beta′ Alumina (1990)

The exchange current, transfer coefficient, mass‐transport parameters, and electrode capacitance at the Na(g)/porous Mo/BASE phase boundary have been evaluated from 740 to 1220 K. The transfer coefficient exhibits a value close to 0.5 and the exchange current is dominated by collision frequency, with no significant activation energy. Since the porous Mo electrode adopts a fairly regular microstructure on the beta' alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) surface, the magnitude of the exchange current of mature electrodes directly depends on the actual contact zone (the region where reaction occurs close to the porous metal/gas/electrolyte three‐phase contact) of the porous metal film with the BASE ceramic, and decreases slightly as grain growth occurs. The exchange currents and the mass‐transport parameters derived for very porous thin Mo electrodes indicate that the charge‐transfer reaction occurs at a small fraction of the interface. The capacitance calculated from the admittance of mature, clean, thin, porous Mo electrodes shows significant frequency dependence, suggesting a contribution from a Warburg impedance associated with surface diffusion. High‐frequency limiting capacitance and resistance values due to the interface show potential dependence and a value on the order of 1 F/m2 and 0.1–1.0 Ω‐cm2. If and are present, the interfacial capacitance is unstable with time as well as greatly increased, but after the electrodes have matured, with loss of these species, it exhibits very reproducible behavior with respect to potential, pressure, and frequency. Since the reaction area increases due to in the pores, when they are present the apparent exchange current is also increased. Grain growth in very thin, mature, porous Mo electrodes can have a small effect on the electrode's exchange current.
Using trust for secure collaboration in uncertain environments (2003)

The SECURE project investigates the design of security mechanisms for pervasive computing based on trust. It addresses how entities in unfamiliar pervasive computing environments can overcome initial suspicion to provide secure collaboration.
Further developments in pole mounted reclosers and sectionalisers (1991)

The authors describe developments in autorecloser and sectionaliser devices focusing on their control systems, currently the area of most rapid development. As an introduction to recent advances, and in order to fully appreciate their significance, the historical development and application of both devices is examined. Co-ordination with other devices is briefly considered, highlighting the need for accurate and flexible control circuits. A new protection relay fitted to the Brush Switchgear PMR range of autoreclosers is then described. This relay has many features which make it ideally suited to overhead line system control and automation. Remote control and operation of overhead line devices is discussed and the suitability of modern devices to this application is considered. Three Loop Scheme control accessories, recently introduced to the Brush Switchgear range of autoreclosers, are then described. The authors conclude with some thoughts about the future development of these products and their application.
Fabrication of Polymeric Nano-Valve Array for Biomedical Applications (2010)

Electro-active polymer working in aqueous medium has short response time and small power consumption. Polypyrrole is one of such electro-active polymers. Due to its stability, incorruptibility and micromachining compatibility, polypyrrole plays an important role in developing micro/nano-actuators for biological and chemical applications. This paper presents a flexible and reusable polypyrrole nano-valve array for biomedical applications. The nano-valves are formed by depositing polypyrrole on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film by a novel method to ensure the integrity of the AAO film. The valves are actuated through the oxidation and reduction of the polypyrrole. The oxidation state of the polypyrrole makes sodium ions leaving the polypyrrole and hence contracts the polypyrrole. So the gold/polypyrrole bilayer was bended and the valves blocked. Conversely, the valve is opened as the reduction state. By controlling the open/close time with constant voltage, the diffusive quantity of the nano-valves can be easily changed.
Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human cervical spinal cord at 3 tesla (2006)

Cervical spinal cord spectroscopy has the potential to add metabolic information to spinal cord MRI and improve the clinical evaluation and research investigation of spinal cord diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and intraspinal tumors. However, in vivo proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the spinal cord is difficult to perform due to magnetic field inhomogeneities, physiological movements, and the size of the anatomical region of interest (ROI). For these reasons, few spinal cord (1)H-MRS studies have been undertaken and two preliminary studies on a 3T system were only recently presented as abstracts. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of cervical spinal cord quantitative (1)H-MRS on a clinical 3T system, propose a study protocol, and report quantification results obtained from healthy volunteers. The main metabolite concentration ratios obtained in 10 healthy subjects, as provided by LCModel, were as follows: total N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (tNAA/Cr) 1.4 +/- 0.3, choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) 0.5 +/- 0.1, and myoinositol/creatine (mI/Cr) 1.7 +/- 0.2. A significant difference was found between spinal cord tNAA, Cr, Cho, and mI concentration ratios and brainstem concentrations previously acquired on the same system.