gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-wave-mixing-based optical parametric oscillator delivering energetic, tunable, chirped femtosecond pulses for non-linear biomedical applications (2015)

A novel concept for an optical parametric oscillator based on four-wave mixing (FOPO) in an optical fiber is presented. This setup has the ability of generating highly chirped signal and idler pulses with compressed pulse durations below 600 fs and pulse energies of up to 250 nJ. At a fixed pump wavelength of 1040 nm, the emerging signal and idler wavelengths can be easily tuned between 867 to 918 nm and 1200 to 1300 nm, respectively, only by altering the cavity length. With compressed peak powers >100 kW and a repetition rate of only 785 kHz, this source provides tunable intense ultra-short pulses at moderate average powers. This setup constitutes a stable, simple and in many ways superior alternative to bulk state-of-the-art OPO light converters for demanding biomedical applications and non-linear microspectroscopy.
Achieving Surface Sensitivity in Ultrafast XUV Spectroscopy: M<sub>2,3</sub>-Edge Reflection–Absorption of Transition Metal Oxides (2017)

Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing electronic structure and charge carrier dynamics in catalytic materials because of its elemental, oxidation, coordination, and electronic spin-state sensitivity. To extend the benefits of this technique to investigating charge carrier dynamics at surfaces, we have developed near grazing-angle XUV reflection–absorption (RA) spectroscopy. Because RA spectra probe both the real (i.e., reflection) and the imaginary (i.e., attenuation) parts of the refractive index, a general method is required to analyze RA spectra. Using semiempirical calculations, we demonstrate that XUV RA spectra of first row transition metal oxides retain the element and chemical state specificity of XUV absorption spectroscopy. We find that the imaginary part of the refractive index reports on the chemical state of the metal center, while the real part is additionally sensitive to the surface morphology of the material.
Post-decoding timing synchronization of turbo codes on AWGN channels (2002)

This paper presents a novel approach to the timing offset compensation based on knowledge of the code. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts: the first, an ML-optimal, rough synchronization and the second, a precise synchronization method, based on particular features of turbo coding. The performance of the presented algorithm is superior to the typical ML-based synchronizer and is close to the performance of a perfectly synchronized system.
Amino acid synthetic media for fungal pathogens based on aminopeptidase specificities:<i>Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermititidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Cryptococcus neoformans.</i> (1975)

The development of simple and chemically defined liquid media for Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Crypto-occus neoformans according to their aminopeptidases profiles as amino acid requirement was described. When 1.5% purified agar was added, these media also supported excellent mycelial growth and sporulation of the deep mycoses. H. capsulatum was converted to and maintained in yeast phase when 0.1% L-cystine was added to the solid medium incubated at 37 degrees C.
Effects of crosslinking byproducts on space charge formation in crosslinked polyethylene (2005)

Space charge is formed in cables insulated with crosslinked polyethylene. It has not been clear whether the crosslinking byproducts or the crosslinked polymer morphology is responsible for the space charge formation. In order to clarify this point additive-free noncrosslinked low-density polyethylene, additive-free crosslinked polyethylene, and degassed crosslinked polyethylene were soaked in the crosslinking byproducts and the space charge distribution was measured after DC voltage application. Samples tested are divided into two categories. The first category is a soaked single-layered sheet and the second category is a two-layered specimen consisting of a soaked sheet and a nonsoaked sheet. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Cumyl alcohol is responsible for homocharge layers in front of the electrodes in both low-density and crosslinked polyethylene sheets. (2) Acetophenone is responsible for heterocharge formation in crosslinked polyethylene, presumably as a synergistic effect with water. (3) alpha -methylstyrene has no effect on space charge formation in low-density polyethylene, while it assists charge trapping in crosslinked polyethylene. (4) Charge trapping occurs easier in degassed crosslinked polyethylene than in low-density polyethylene, probably because of carbonyl groups induced by crosslinking
Leucine Aminotransferase (1966)

Abstract Leucine transaminase was purified extensively from pig heart muscle. It appeared to be nearly homogeneous by the criteria of both starch gel and free boundary electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight was found to be 75,000. Purified leucine transaminase is yellow, and our best preparations contained 1 mole of bound pyridoxal phosphate per 75,000 g of protein. The spectrum of the enzyme has absorption maxima at 414 mµ and 326 mµ in addition to the characteristic 280-mµ peak. Addition of an amino acid substrate shifted the 414-mµ peak to 326 mµ, whereupon addition of the corresponding α-keto acid partially reversed this shift. Incubation of the enzyme with an amino acid substrate plus a high concentration of phosphate yielded an inactive apoenzyme which could be reconstituted with pyridoxal phosphate. Loss of activity was correlated with a loss of absorption in the visible region. The enzyme activity was inhibited by carbonyl reagents. Reduction with sodium borohydride completely shifted the 414-mµ peak to 320 mµ and destroyed the transaminase activity. Acid hydrolysis of the reduced enzyme yielded a fluorescent compound which was tentatively identified as e-pyridoxal lysine. Leucine transaminase displayed a bell-shaped pH-activity curve with an apparent optimum at pH 8.3 to 8.5; however, it was most stable at pH 6 to 7. At pH 8.5 and in the presence of 0.1 m β-mercaptoethanol, this single enzyme catalyzed transamination between l-glutamate, l-leucine, l-valine, or l-isoleucine and their α-keto forms. Under arbitrary conditions, the relative rates of transamination were of the same order of magnitude with a maximum difference of 5-fold.
Hydrogels for <i>in situ</i> encapsulation of biomimetic membrane arrays (2010)

Abstract Hydrogels are hydrophilic, porous polymer networks that can absorb up to thousands of times their own weight in water. They have many potential applications, one of which is the encapsulation of freestanding black lipid membranes (BLMs) for novel separation technologies or biosensor applications. We investigated gels for in situ encapsulation of multiple BLMs formed across apertures in a hydrophobic ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) support. The encapsulation gels consisted of networks of poly(ethylene glycol)‐dimethacrylate or poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate polymerized using either a chemical initiator or a photoinitiator. The hydrogels were studied with regards to volumetric stability, porosity, and water permeability. All hydrogels had pore sizes around 7 nm with volumetric changes >2% upon crosslinking. Photoinitiated hydrogels had a lower hydraulic water permeability compared to chemically initiated hydrogels; however, for all hydrogels the permeability was several‐fold higher than the water permeability of conventional reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Lifetimes of freestanding BLM arrays in gel precursor solutions were short compared to arrays formed in buffer. However, polymerizing (crosslinking) the gel stabilized the membranes and resulted in BLM arrays that remained intact for days. This is a substantial improvement over lifetimes for freestanding BLM arrays. Optical images of the membranes and single channel activity of incorporated gramicidin ion channels showed that the lipid membranes retained their integrity and functionality after encapsulation with hydrogel. Our results show that hydrogel encapsulation is a potential means to provide stability for biomimetic devices based on functional proteins reconstituted in biomimetic membrane arrays. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of SOS1, a plasma membrane Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> exchanger in <i>Arabidopsis</i> <i>thaliana</i> , by SOS2 and SOS3 (2002)

Maintaining low levels of sodium ions in the cell cytosol is critical for plant growth and development. Biochemical studies suggest that Na(+)/H(+) exchangers in the plasma membrane of plant cells contribute to cellular sodium homeostasis by transporting sodium ions out of the cell; however, these exchangers have not been identified at the molecular level. Genetic analysis has linked components of the salt overly sensitive pathway (SOS1-3) to salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The predicted SOS1 protein sequence and comparisons of sodium ion accumulation in wild-type and sos1 plants suggest that SOS1 is involved directly in the transport of sodium ions across the plasma membrane. To demonstrate the transport capability of SOS1, we studied Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activity in wild-type and sos plants using highly purified plasma membrane vesicles. The results showed that plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activity was present in wild-type plants treated with 250 mM NaCl, but this transport activity was reduced by 80% in similarly treated sos1 plants. In vitro addition of activated SOS2 protein (a protein kinase) increased Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activity in salt-treated wild-type plants 2-fold relative to transport without added protein. However, the addition of activated SOS2 did not have any stimulatory effect on the exchange activity in sos1 plants. Although vesicles of sos2 and sos3 plants had reduced plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activity, transport activity in both increased with the addition of activated SOS2 protein. These results demonstrate that SOS1 contributes to plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchange and that SOS2 and SOS3 regulate SOS1 transport activity.
Investigations of Indium Tin Oxide—Barium Strontium Titanate–Indium Tin Oxide Heterostructure for Tunability (2008)

This letter reports for the first time the interesting behavior of the interface between indium tin oxide (ITO) as a high resistive electrode and barium strontium titanate tunable paraelectric thin film material. The interface is consisting of barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film dielectric material sandwiched between two ITO high resistive layers, all are integrated above glass substrate. When dc field is applied between the ITO layers, the BST thin film material properties are tuned. It is found that the ITO/BST/ITO heterostructure exhibits a tunable resistor performance. To our knowledge; these results are never reported.
Evaluation of Servo Patterns for Perpendicular Recording (2006)

Position error signal (PES) plays a crucial role in hard disk drives by providing the position information of the read head to the servo controller. In this paper, we examine the performance of PES from different servo patterns for high density perpendicular recording system using microtrack simulation. The results reveal certain impacts of perpendicular recording on servo pattern design and provide references on PES signal generation and decoding method design for future hard disk drives (HDD) based on perpendicular recording technology.
Beamauth (2007)

We propose BeamAuth, a two-factor web authentication technique where the second factor is a specially crafted bookmark. BeamAuth presents two interesting features: (1) only server-side deployment is required alongside any modern, out-of-the-box web browser on the client side, and (2) credentials remain safe against many types of phishing attacks, even if the user fails to check proper user interface indicators. BeamAuth is deployable immediately by any login-protected web server with only minimal work, and it neither weakens nor interferes with other anti-phishing techniques. We believe BeamAuth may be most useful in preventing a number of phishing attacks at high-value single sign-on sites, e.g. OpenID providers.
Elusive Enterprise (2010)

Elusive Enterprise Ned Balbo (bio) On failing to find Star Trek on TV, June 1967; in our attorney's office My parents had signed: tonight, the house was ours.Cross-legged before a portable TV,I clicked through channels, searching for the stars I'd glimpsed before, just once, a starship's powers—warp-speed and flight—burned into memory.Still in our lawyer's office, after hours, three grownups bent, conversing. From the floor'snear-threadbare rug, I called for help, politely,clicking the dial notch by notch, the stars, captain and crew, lost somewhere on the shoresof planets filmed in color, seen blue-gray."About the other case—" "The boy is ours. What rights can they claim when he's lived for yearsour only son?" I might've heard, had Ieavesdropped more closely, turning from the stars, blue light onscreen, to parents who'd raised me, theirsalone almost from birth, though legallyno one's, perhaps: despite a home now ours—that ship, beyond reach, hurtling past the stars. [End Page 504] Ned Balbo Ned Balbo's books are Lives of the Sleepers (2005, Ernest Sandeen Poetry Prize), Galileo's Banquet (1998, Towson University Poetry Prize), and The Trials of Edgar Poe and Other Poems (Donald Justice Prize, forthcoming in 2010 from Story Line Press/WCU Poetry Center). He has received three Maryland Arts Council grants, the Robert Frost Foundation Poetry Award, and the John Guyon Literary Nonfiction Prize. Copyright © 2010 Johns Hopkins University Press
A Numerical Study of Transport in a Thermal Interface Material Enhanced With Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Power dissipation in electronic devices is projected to increase over the next 10years to the range of 150-250W per chip for high performance applications. One of the primary obstacles to the thermal management of devices operating at such high powers is the thermal resistance between the device and the heat spreader or heat sink that it is attached to. Typically the in situ thermal conductivity of interface materials is in the range of 1-4W∕mK, even though the bulk thermal conductivity of the material may be significantly higher. In an attempt to improve the effective in situ thermal conductivity of interface materials nanoparticles and nanotubes are being considered as a possible addition to such interfaces. This paper presents the results of a numerical study of transport in a thermal interface material that is enhanced with carbon nanotubes. The results from the numerical solution are in excellent agreement with an analytical model (Desai, A., Geer, J., and Sammakia, B., “Models of Steady Heat Conduction in Multiple Cylindrical Domains,” J. Electron. Packaging (to be published)) of the same geometry. Wide ranges of parametric studies were conducted to examine the effects of the thermal conductivity of the different materials, the geometry, and the size of the nanotubes. An estimate of the effective thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotubes was used, obtained from a molecular dynamics analysis (Mahajan, S., Subbarayan, G., Sammakia, B. G., and Jones, W., 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Washington, D.C., Nov. 15–21). The numerical analysis was used to estimate the impact of imperfections in the nanotubes upon the overall system performance. Overall the nanotubes are found to significantly improve the thermal performance of the thermal interface material. The results show that varying the diameter of the nanotube and the percentage of area occupied by the nanotubes does not have any significant effect on the total temperature drop.
Real-Time Assay of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Using a High-Affinity Chelation-Enhanced Fluorescence Chemosensor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReal-Time Assay of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Using a High-Affinity Chelation-Enhanced Fluorescence ChemosensorDavid H. Vance and Anthony W. CzarnikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 9397–9398Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a094https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1662Altmetric-Citations296LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Capillary Electrophoretic Chiral Separations Using a Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin-Containing Electrolyte (1995)

Abstract Sulfated β-cyclodextrin (SO3-β-CD) was utilized as a chiral additive for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Chiral separations of several uhcharged enantiomers, such as phensuximide, indapamide, etc., which are difficult to separate using neutral CDs, were achieved. The effects of SO3-β-CD concentration and the pH and ionic strength of the supporting electrolyte as well as the presence of an organic modifier, methanol, were discussed.
Measurements of power and current components in unbalanced and distorted three‐phase systems (1993)

Abstract The paper deals with the instantaneous power theory in three‐phase circuits by using the instantaneous time phasors of voltage and current. Particularly it is shown that the instantaneous components of the current time‐phasor in a rotating reference frame p‐q, oriented in such a way that the instantaneous voltage time‐phasor points to the p‐axis direction, represent the active and reactive currents. These components give rise to instantaneous real and imaginary powers, respectively. The spectral analysis of the above‐mentioned time‐phasors gives the harmonic symmetrical components of positive and negative sequence of voltage and current three‐phase systems. The line‐by‐line product of the voltage sequence spectrum by the complex conjugate of the current sequence spectrum gives the DC components of the instantaneous real and imaginary powers. The paper shows also that the instantaneous active and reactive currents are different from those defined on grounds of the Fryze's theory, which can be determined from the voltage and current sequence spectra.
The Tree House (1960)

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. Benjamin, a rather Frail boy of seven and a half, unhesitatingly walked through the forge puddle which obstructed his way. The water, especially toward the middle, proved too deep for his worn, patched rubbers. But Benjamin didn't mind a soaker. In fact he rather enjoyed the momentary pleasure of the warm, muddy rain water on his feet. Nor did he even consider the scolding which invariably followed when he came home with his feet wet, his only unpleasant feeling arising when his feet later became chilly in the coolness of the June late-afternoon. His two older brothers would have been home from school long ago; first communion practice had detained him. Still, he would have been home earlier had he not remained after the others. When there were no people in the church he liked to walk its long aisles: he enjoyed the feel of the thick carpet as he walked: he imagined he might sink in it if he followed it through the small opening into the dark room next to the St. Joseph's altar and he always shivered and felt a kind of pleasant weakness when he approached it. Cover Page Footnote Appeared in the issue: Volume 5, Spring, 1960. This prose is available in The Angle: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/angle/vol1960/iss1/12
Role of colony-stimulating factor in myelopoiesis in murine long-term bone marrow cultures (1987)

Abstract Weekly medium change or midweek feeding of long-term bone marrow cultures (LTMBCs) results in a significant increase in total myeloid cell production. Proliferative myeloid cells peak 48 hours after feeding, and nonproliferative myeloid cells reach maximum levels at 72 hours. This increase in myelopoiesis is invariably preceded by a significant elevation in biologically and immunologically measurable colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the supernatants of LTBMC. The level peaks 24 hours after medium change, then gradually returns to basal values. The decrease in CSF relates to its consumption by generating myeloid precursors because no fluctuation in the levels occur in cultures without active myelopoiesis. No significant inhibitors or promoters of CSF were detected. When highly purified L cell CSF, CSF in lung-conditioned medium, or CSF concentrated from LTBMC supernatant is added to cultures, an identical increase in myelopoiesis occurs. Anti- CSF antiserum, added to culture at the time of medium change, totally neutralizes supernatant CSF levels but does not affect myelopoiesis. These findings suggest a potential regulatory role for CSF in myelopoiesis in LTBMC. CSF appears to function within the microenvironment through a mechanism involving cell:cell interactions or by causing the production of other substances that stimulate myelopoiesis. Because exogenous CSF stimulates myelopoiesis, it is likely that it too can react either directly or through microenvironmental cells to stimulate primitive myeloid cells to divide.
Packaging the Blue Gene/L supercomputer (2005)

As 1999 ended, IBM announced its intention to construct a one-petaflop supercomputer. The construction of this system was based on a cellular architecture—the use of relatively small but powerful building blocks used together in sufficient quantities to construct large systems. The first step on the road to a petaflop machine (one quadrillion floating-point operations in a second) is the Blue Gene®/L supercomputer. Blue Gene/L combines a low-power processor with a highly parallel architecture to achieve unparalleled computing performance per unit volume. Implementing the Blue Gene/L packaging involved trading off considerations of cost, power, cooling, signaling, electromagnetic radiation, mechanics, component selection, cabling, reliability, service strategy, risk, and schedule. This paper describes how 1,024 dual-processor compute application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are packaged in a scalable rack, and how racks are combined and augmented with host computers and remote storage. The Blue Gene/L interconnect, power, cooling, and control systems are described individually and as part of the synergistic whole.