gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic experimental study of pure shear type dielectric elastomer membranes with different electrode and film thicknesses (2016)

An approach to reduce the voltage required for dielectric elastomer actuators is to reduce film thickness. However, if the electrode thickness is not similarly reduced, the electrode's mechanical behavior can increasingly and negatively impact the overall actuator behavior. This effect is yet to be studied and quantified for pure shear type specimens; a type recommended in a recent DE standardization journal publication. Therefore, in this work, using pure shear specimens, a comparative study of membrane actuators of different film thickness (20, 50 and 100 μm) is performed. Electrodes of different thicknesses are screen printed and tested in a uniaxial test device. The stiffening effect due to the solid-state electrodes is demonstrated by performing force-elongation tests for specimens with and without electrodes. Additionally the importance of thin electrodes (relative to film thickness) was demonstrated through a number of electromechanical tests. Isotonic tests revealed a lower electro-mechanical sensitivity for the 20 μm film when compared with the 50 and 100 μm films. This was attributed to the relatively thick electrodes. Best actuation results were achieved when the total electrode thickness was at least 15x thinner than the dielectric membrane thickness.
Clinical Characteristics of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary (1998)

Clear cell tumors of ovary frequently present at early stages. However, these tumors have a propensity for recurrence even after primary chemotherapy in early stage tumors.
Rapid Multitarget Immunomagnetic Separation through Programmable DNA Linker Displacement (2011)

Immunomagnetic separation has become an essential tool for high-throughput and low-cost isolation of biomolecules and cells from heterogeneous samples. However, as magnetic selection is essentially a "black-and-white" assay, its application has been largely restricted to single-target and single-parameter studies. To address this issue, we have developed an immunomagnetic separation technology that can quickly sort multiple targets in high yield and purity using selectively displaceable DNA linkers. We envision that this technology will be readily adopted for experiments requiring high-throughput selection of multiple targets or further adapted for selection of a single target based on multiple surface epitopes.
Probiotics. Some evidence of their effectiveness (1993)

OBJECTIVE: To define the term probiotics, to indicate how to identify products that have been proven beneficial, and to assess the quality of evidence regarding probiotics. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: A few level I studies support the effectiveness of specific probiotics for certain diagnoses. For most so-called probiotics, however, weak or no evidence supports their effectiveness. MAIN MESSAGE: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Level I evidence supports use of VSL#3 for maintaining remission of inflammatory colitis. Probiotics for treating vaginal infections, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14, have level I evidence of effectiveness, but are not available in Canada. Specific probiotics taken for certain indications improve health and have few side effects. CONCLUSION: Limited but good evidence supports the role of certain probiotics in medical practice. Because consumer pressure will undoubtedly stimulate further interest in probiotics, family doctors need to be informed about them so they can advise their patients appropriately.
A Difference Between the Inheritance of Classical Juvenile-onset and Maturity-onset Type Diabetes of Young People (1975)

A difference in the inheritance of diabetes has been shown between the families of twenty-six patients with maturity-onset type diabetes of young people (MODY) and families of thirty-five patients with classical juvenile-onset diabetes (JOD). In the families of MODY: 1) twenty-two of twenty-six (85 per cent) propositi had a diabetic parent; 2) 46 per cent of families showed direct vertical transmission of diabetes through three generations; 3) of forty-seven tested siblings twenty-five (53 per cent) had latent diabetes; 4) the diabetic phenotype in the families was consistent, most affected individuals having a noninsulin requiring type of disease. These findings are compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance of MODY, although they do not exclude multifactorial inheritance. In contrast, in the families of JOD: 1) only four (11 per cent) of propositi had a diabetic parent; 2) three generation inheritance was found in only two (6 per cent) of JOD families, and 3) of seventy-four tested siblings eight (11 per cent) were diabetic. This difference provides further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in diabetes mellitus and indicates that there is a need for careful definition of the phenotype of diabetes in populations in which the genetics of diabetes is to be analyzed. Diabetes 24:44-53, January, 1975.
Influence of dispersion on the transmission characteristics of supertwisted nematic effects in liquid-crystal displays (1987)

The transmission properties of director configurations with a 180° twist and low tilt (∼1°) and of director configurations with a 270° twist and high tilt (∼25°) were calculated and compared with experimental data. It was found that the dispersion in the birefringence must be taken into account in order to properly calculate transmission wavelength spectra. This appeared to be of special importance for materials with large birefringence.
Adaptive equalization in TDMA digital mobile radio (2003)

In order to properly utilize NB-TDMA (narrow-band time division multiple access) digital mobile radio, it is necessary to remove both frequency-selective fading distortion caused by multipath propagation on the radio path and adjacent channel interference distortion from burst signals. It is suggested that an equalization system which combines a fractional interval equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer can solve this problem. Computer simulation using a six-ray propagation model confirms that waveform distortion and adjacent channel interference distortion can be removed simultaneously using the proposed approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A simple procedure to evaluate the performance of fats and oils at frying temperatures. (1997)

A standard procedure is proposed to evaluate the performance of fats and oils at frying temperatures, taking the advantages provided by the Rancimat apparatus, i. e., standard vessels, temperature correction and temperature homogenity in all vessels resulting from the particular characteristics of the heating block. The results obtained in oil samples of 8 g heated at 180° C for 10 h in triplicate gave coefficients of variation lower than 6% for total polar compounds and polymers. In case of limited amount of oil, it is additionally proposed to use only 2 g of sample provided that a similar surface-to-oil volume ratio is maintained, and coefficients of variation of the same order than those for 8 g samples were thus obtained. Advantages of the procedure as well as potential applications for evaluation of frying fats and oils are Included. As an example, the effect of α-tocopherol on performance of sunflower oils was analyzed.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING OVIPOSITION OF <i>TRICHOGRAMMA CALIFORNICUM</i> (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) IN ARTIFICIAL MEDIA (1978)

Abstract Oviposition by Trichogramma californicum Nagaraja and Nagarkatti into physiological saline encapsulated in paraffin droplets is influenced by the concentration of the liquid, population density of the parasite, and the addition of sugars, vitamins, and amino acids. Oviposition occurred within a concentration range of 0.43–1.28% NaCl, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs deposited. Chances of oviposition generally increased with the increase of population density of the parasite and a minimum density of T . californicum females was required for oviposition. A phenomenon of enhancement, such that oviposition in any one vial is confined to one of the three droplets exposed, is recorded for certain media. However, this phenomenon was removed by addition of RNA, casein hydrolysate, or by use of Grace’s tissue culture medium without insect plasma and Grace’s modified medium with bovine and egg derivatives. Eggs deposited into 2 paraffin droplets containing modified Grace’s medium developed to the second instar larval stage.
InCommonSense-rethinking Web search results (2002)

The World Wide Web is a rich annotation system which allows people to relate to documents and sites from different perspectives. People describe, comment, relate or mock other Web pages in the context of their document. This richness is currently not reflected in snippets presented by Web search engines, where a search result is represented by the text found in the Web document alone. This paper proposes a new method for representing documents in Web search engines' results. This method is based on recent trends in search engine technology and provides descriptions of the retrieved documents, assembled from people's commentary and annotations on the Web. This paper suggests a new way for automatically retrieving and reusing people's annotations on the Web, incorporating these annotations into a search engine for creating a hybrid directory-search engine, allowing for both automatic retrieval and on-the-fly human authored summaries.
Contig Selection in Physical Mapping (2000)

In physical mapping, one orders a set of genetic landmarks or a library of cloned fragments of DNA according to their position in the genome. Our approach to physical mapping divides the problem into smaller and easier subproblems by partitioning the probe set into independent parts (probe contigs). For this purpose we introduce a new distance function between probes, the averaged rank distance (ARD) derived from bootstrap resampling of the raw data. The ARD measures the pairwise distances of probes within a contig and smoothes the distances of probes across different contigs. It shows distinct jumps at contig borders. This makes it appropriate for contig selection by clustering. We have designed a physical mapping algorithm that makes use of these observations and seems to be particularly well suited to the delineation of reliable contigs. We evaluated our method on data sets from two physical mapping projects. On data from the recently sequenced bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the probe contig set produced by the new method was evaluated using the probe order derived from the sequence information. Our approach yielded a basically correct contig set. On this data we also compared our method to an approach which uses the number of supporting clones to determine contigs. Our map is much more accurate. In comparison to a physical map of Pasteurella haemolytica that was computed using simulated annealing, the newly computed map is considerably cleaner. The results of our method have already proven helpful for the design of experiments aimed at further improving the quality of a map.
An Extensible Meta-Learning Approach for Scalable and Accurate Inductive Learning (1996)

Much of the research in inductive learning concentrates on problems with relatively small amounts of data. With the coming age of ubiquitous network computing, it is likely that orders of magnitude more data in databases will be available for various learning problems of real world importance. Some learning algorithms assume that the entire data set fits into main memory, which is not feasible for massive amounts of data, especially for applications in data mining.One approach to handling a large data set is to partition the data set into subsets, run the learning algorithm on each of the subsets, and combine the results. Moreover, data can be inherently distributed across multiple sites on the network and merging all the data in one location can be expensive or prohibitive. In this thesis we propose, investigate, and evaluate a meta-learning approach to integrating the results of multiple learning processes. Our approach utilizes machine learning to guide the integration. We identified two main meta-learning strategies:{\it combiner} and {\it arbiter}. Both strategies are independent to the learning algorithms used in generating the classifiers. The combiner strategy attempts to reveal relationships among the learned classifiers' prediction patterns. The arbiter strategy tries to determine the correct prediction when the classifiers have different opinions. Various schemes under these two strategies have been developed. Empirical results show that our schemes can obtain accurate classifiers from inaccurate classifiers trained from data subsets. We also implemented and analyzed the schemes in a parallel and distributed environment to demonstrate their scalability.
Maltodextrin fat substitute lowers cholesterol (1991)

Oatrim, a maltodextrin made from oat, is a fat substitute with the ability to lower blood cholesterol level. This ingredient can lower cholesterol in two ways: (1) by serving as a replacement for animal fats, such as dairy creams or lard, in the diet, and (2) by the action of its component beta-glucan, which lowers total blood cholesterol, with increases in the HDL cholesterol and decreases in the bad LDL cholesterol. Thus, this maltodextrin can become an important factor in the struggle to lower blood cholesterol level in people who are concerned with heart disease and general good health
Elimination of Zero‐Quantum Interference in Two‐Dimensional NMR Spectra (2003)

Die simultane Anwendung eines Swept-Frequency-Pulses und eines Gradientenpulses Gf lässt eine Unterscheidung der z-Magnetisierung von der Nullquantenkohärenz zu (siehe Bild). Diese neue und hocheffiziente Methode ermöglicht die Eliminierung starker Interferenzen aus der Nullquantenkohärenz, die oft in NOESY-, TOCSY- und anderen NMR-Experimenten auftreten, die mit hergebrachten Methoden der Signalauswahl ausgeführt werden. Sie ist mit jedem modernen NMR-Spektrometer leicht durchführbar. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51947_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
기획주제 : 외래 도서가 한국한문학의 발전에 끼친 영향의 탐색 ; 류몽인(柳夢寅) 효(效) 『국어(國語)』의 양상과 그 의미 (2016)

柳夢寅처럼 자신의 글에 자부심이 강한 文人이 왜 儒佛의 經典을 본 떠 자신의 글을 네 편이나 지었으며, 또 어떠한 점을 본떴는가? 본고는 이 의문을 해결하는 데 중점을 두었다. 네 편의 ``효작`` 중, 특히 『國語』를 본 떠 지은 글이 두 편이라는 점에 착안하여 ``效『國語』`` 작품을 중심으로 그 유사점과 배경을 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 알게 되었다. 우선, 구성과 문체와 어휘 등의 차원에서 발견한 유사점은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 구성의 유사점은 『국어』의 대표적인 편장 구성법인 ``삼단 구성``과 ``글의 서두에 綱領을 제시``하는 방법을 사용했다는 점에서 찾을 수 있었다. 그의 「送冬至副使鄭令公谷神子(士信)序【效國語】」와 「送江原方伯申(湜)序【效國語. 押韻】」 등이 각각의 사실에 해당하는 작품이다. 둘째, 문체와 어휘의 측면에서 유몽인은 연속되는 對偶와 排比를 사용하거나, 『국어』의 유일한 발어사인 夫를 그 역시 썼고, 부사 於是乎를 多用했다는 점에서 『국어』와의 유사성을 찾을 수 있었다. 다음으로, 유몽인이 『국어』를 비롯해서 『戰國策』과 『楞嚴經』을 본 떠 네 편의 글을 지은 원인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 宋의 산문을 배격하고 唐의 韓愈와 柳宗元 및 秦漢 이상의 산문을 古文으로 추숭했던 그의 문학관이 ``效作``의 주요 원인이다. 둘째, 戱作을 통해 격의 없는 친분을 보이거나, 當代 사회 현실을 비판하고, 낙척한 상황 속에서 弄世的 諧笑를 보이려고 했던 것이 또 다른 원인이다. 셋째, 『국어』의 권면과 비판, 『전국책』의 論爭과 遊說 형식을 차용해서 자신이 상대방과 세상에 대해 하려던 말을 가장 효과적으로 표현하려던 의도가 그의 ``효작``에는 내재해 있다. 넷째, 자칫 천편일률적으로 보일 수 있는 贈序의 형식을 다양화하려고 했던 점 역시 그가 ``효작``을 지은 마지막 원인으로 추정할 수 있다. 이로써 볼 때, 산문의 참조 준거를 秦漢古文으로까지 확장시켜 글쓰기를 수행하였고, 암울한 시기를 겪는 과정에서 憤世와 弄世 의식이 보이는 희작적인 글을 통해 消遣하였으며, 자신이 쓰고자 하는 글을 가장 효과적으로 드러내 보이기 위해 형식적 실험을 수행했다는 점에서 그가 쓴 ``효작`` 네 편의 의미를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.
Aptasensors for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium (2012)

Herein we reported the development of aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) based on label-free aptamers and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Target bacteria binding aptamers are adsorbed on the surface of unmodified AuNPs to capture target bacteria, and the detection was accomplished by target bacteria-induced aggregation of the aptasensor which is associated as red-to-purple color change upon high-salt conditions. By employing anti-E. coli O157:H7 aptamer and anti-S. typhimurium aptamer, we developed a convenient and rapid approach that could selectively detect bacteria without specialized instrumentation and pretreatment steps such as cell lysis. The aptasensor could detect as low as 105colony-forming units (CFU)/ml target bacteria within 20 min or less and its specificity was 100%. This novel method has a great potential application in rapid detection of bacteria in the near future.
Interaction of the human body on the performance of class E PAs in Body Area Networks (2013)

This paper describes a class E power amplifier (PA) for use in biomedical and healthcare Body Area Networks (BAN). A combination of lumped component and transmission line matching networks results in a compact form factor at 2.5GHz. Optimum simulated Power Added Efficiency (PAE) was 76.7% at 11.5dBm output power (POUT) and 66.1% at 12.7dBm into a 50Ω load when measured. When combined with a BAN antenna 60.8% PAE was achieved in free space and 64.4% when in close proximity to a human arm. POUT in free space was 13.2dBm and 12.3dBm near the arm. These results indicate that PA performance is not greatly affected when in the presence of a human body.
Iron chelation studies using desferrioxamine and the potential oral chelator, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, in normal and iron loaded rats. (1987)

A novel iron chelator, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, and desferrioxamine were compared for their ability to remove iron and for their site of action in iron release in rats. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of the chelators in rats with widespread tissue labelling by 59Fe derived from transferrin showed comparable 59Fe mobilisation by each chelator in normal and iron loaded rats. Specific labelling of a chelatable "cold" iron pool in hepatocytes by 59Fe derived from ferritin showed this pool to be equally accessible to parenteral doses of both chelators and also to oral 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, which is an effective oral iron chelating agent that removes iron from parenchymal cells. This and other alpha-ketohydroxypyridines need further development as potential therapeutic agents in human iron overload.
The Haloform Reaction. (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Haloform Reaction.Reynold C. Fuson and Benton A. BullCite this: Chem. Rev. 1934, 15, 3, 275–309Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60052a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60052a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3357Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A series of Rhodian didrachms from the mid-third century BC (1989)

1 I am grateful to Philip Kinns for discussion of various aspects of this article. All ancient dates are bc. The following abbreviations are used: Colossus = Richard Ashton, 'Rhodian Coinage and the Colossus', RN 1988, pp. 75-90. Konstantinopoulos = G. Konstantinopoulos, Apy aia Pooos (Athens, 1986). 2 Colossus , p. 79 n. 6. 3 This figure includes seven specimens from the 1965 Kremasti hoard ( IGCH 1341), which has not yet been fully published. One certain and four probable specimens from this hoard are included in the Catalogue at nos. 12, 32, 77, 83, and 87, but details available on the remaining two (probably one AI and one ET didrachm) are insufficient to warrant their inclusion. See further pp. 10-11 and n. 23 below.
Study of serum and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases. (1990)

In the paper are presented the results of total enzyme activity investigation: GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK, and of the CPK isoenzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of 148 examinees and in the serum of 67 examinees with an acute stroke, who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuropathology, Clinical Medical center "Rebro". The aim was to determine the reliability of the applied methods in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases, particularly in the differential diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage, ischemia and subarachnoidal hemorrhage. The highest frequency of pathologic findings of the tested enzymes in the whole group of patients with CVA was obtained in the determination of the CPK total activity assessment, then followed the assessments of LDH activity, isoenzyme CPK profile, GOT and finally GPT activity. A larger number of pathologic findings of all mentioned enzymes and CPK isoenzymes was found in the group of patients with ICH. In the patients with ICH and ISI, who survived stroke a higher incidence of normal findings of the total enzymic activities was found, while in those who died from ICH a higher incidence of pathologic findings could not be established. The correlations between the total CPK activity in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid does not exist, as well as the correlation between the CPK isoenzyme profile in the serum and CSF.
Electrical, Optical, and Morphological Properties of P3HT-MWNT Nanocomposites Prepared by in Situ Polymerization (2009)

In situ polymerization of thiophene to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was carried out in the presence of different loadings of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) (0.1−10 wt %). It was found that the nanotubes are dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix and the polymer chains wrap around the nanotube walls. NMR analysis indicated the presence of both CH−π and π−π interaction between P3HT and MWNTs, thereby enhancing the optical, thermal, and electrical properties of the nanocomposite for certain loadings of MWNTs. With an increase in MWNT concentration the head−tail (H-T) regioregularity of the composites was found to decrease. The UV−vis spectra of the composite films show a red shift of the π−π* transition band with increasing MWNT concentration, which was attributed to the uncoiling of the P3HT chain on the MWNT surface. Additionally, the charge carrier transport phenomenon was studied for these nanocomposites. The temperature-dependent conductivity measurement revealed that the addition of MWNTs into P3HT polymer shifted the main conduction mechanism from variable-range hopping to fluctuation-assisted tunneling, and the polymer acted as a barrier in bundle-to-bundle hopping.
Cholesterol Crystals Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Macrophages: A Novel Link between Cholesterol Metabolism and Inflammation (2010)

The cholesterol crystal-induced inflammasome activation in macrophages may represent an important link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions.