gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capturing semantics from search phrases: Incremental user personification and ontology-driven query transformation (2003)

Brain stimulation is an alternative treatment for epilepsy. However, the neuronal circuits underlying its mechanisms remain obscure. We found that optogenetic activation (1Hz) of entorhinal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα)-positive neurons, but not GABAergic neurons, retarded hippocampal epileptogenesis and reduced hippocampal seizure severity, similar to that of entorhinal low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES). Optogenetic inhibition of entorhinal CaMKIIα-positive neurons blocked the antiepileptic effect of LFES. The channelrhodopsin-2-eYFP labeled entorhinal CaMKIIα-positive neurons primarily targeted the hippocampus, and the activation of these fibers reduced hippocampal seizure severity. By combining extracellular recording and pharmacological methods, we found that activating entorhinal CaMKIIα-positive neurons induced the GABA-mediated inhibition of hippocampal neurons. Optogenetic activation of focal hippocampal GABAergic neurons mimicked this neuronal modulatory effect and reduced hippocampal seizure severity, but the anti-epileptic effect is weaker than that of entorhinal LFES, which may be due to the limited spatial neuronal modulatory effect of focal photo-stimulation. Our results demonstrate a glutamatergic-GABAergic neuronal circuit for LFES treatment of epilepsy, which is mediated by entorhinal principal neurons.
Optical fiber immunosensor based on polarimetry (2002)

The authors discuss a type of evanescent field fiber immunosensor, based upon a polarimetric detection scheme. In this method the refractive indices of the involved chemical compounds are used as reporters of the binding event; no external label molecules are required. It is demonstrated that a polarimetric setup can be used to detect the adsorption of proteins on the fiber surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Powder PEG-3350 as a Sole Bowel Preparation: Clinical Case Series of 245 Patients. (2008)

The low-volume powder PEG-3350 formula used in our case series showed effective colon cleansing and may be considered for use as a sole bowel preparation.
Loss of macrophage fatty acid oxidation does not potentiate systemic metabolic dysfunction (2017)

Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages has been suggested to play a causative role in high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, particularly in the etiology of adipose-driven insulin resistance. To understand the contribution of macrophage fatty acid oxidation directly to metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obesity, we generated mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2 Mϕ-KO), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. While fatty acid oxidation was clearly induced upon IL-4 stimulation, fatty acid oxidation-deficient CPT2 Mϕ-KO bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed canonical markers of M2 polarization following IL-4 stimulation in vitro. In addition, loss of macrophage fatty acid oxidation in vivo did not alter the progression of high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, or glucose intolerance. These data suggest that although IL-4-stimulated alternatively activated macrophages upregulate fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid oxidation is dispensable for macrophage polarization and high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage fatty acid oxidation likely plays a correlative, rather than causative, role in systemic metabolic dysfunction.
General-use prepaid cards: the path to gaining mainstream acceptance (2007)

Following the rapid proliferation of merchant-issued prepaid gift cards, some people assumed that the added functionality available in network-branded prepaid cards would lead to similar early success for these payment vehicles. While a number of emerging applications are gaining traction, others are struggling to reach viable scale. This paper argues that the rich functionality creates a significant ?cost hurdle? that must be overcome with economically viable solutions. The paper identifies two emerging strategies that hold particular promise: 1) developing applications that efficiently displace high-cost legacy structures, and 2) creating financial services solutions for consumers outside the traditional banking framework. Both strategies rely on defining large markets to target and creating longer term relationships with cardholders.
Expression of a phytoene synthase gene and characteristic carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit development (2001)

A cDNA clone encoding a protein homologue to phytoene synthase (PSY, CitPSY1) was isolated from Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit. Expression analysis revealed the presence of the CitPSY1 transcript in flowers and leaves, with a higher level detected in the mature than in the young leaves. In fruit, the transcript was present in a low quantity in the flavedo (peel) and juice sacs/segment epidermis (edible part) at an early developmental stage. Later, it began to accumulate towards fruit maturation in both parts. These fluctuations were in accordance with carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll disappearance. We suggest that CitPSY1 plays an important role in carotenoid accumulation. We also propose a possible pathway in carotenoid biosynthesis that is based on the fluctuation of the characteristic carotenoid composition during Satsuma mandarin development.
Indoor propagation measurements at infrared frequencies for wireless local area networks applications (1994)

In a combination tutorial and research paper, propagation aspects of transmission at infrared (IR) frequencies for wireless in-building communications are explored. The tutorial section of the paper presents basic principles of propagation at IR, a comparison with indoor radio propagation, and the derivation of the channel's baseband model. The research aspect of the paper reports on the results of recent frequency response measurements at eight different sites in a university building. A major result shows that the indoor wireless optical channel is very dynamic, with great variations in the channel's characteristics for data collected in different rooms, in different locations within the same room, and for different orientations of the optical receiver at the same location of the same room. Numerical values of the channel's relative path loss and 3 dB bandwidth, along with frequency response plots covering a wide range of conditions, are presented and discussed. Finally, on the basis of the results of measurements, schemes for improving the performance of future wireless in-building optical transceivers are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase I trial of XR9576 in healthy volunteers demonstrates modulation of P-glycoprotein in CD56+ lymphocytes after oral and intravenous administration. (2000)

XR9576 is a novel inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that has been shown to reverse P-gp-dependent multidrug-resistance in tumor cell lines and tumor-bearing animals. Here we report the first i.v. and p.o. administration to healthy volunteers of XR9576 in dose-escalating studies with the aim of investigating its effects on safety, its pharmacokinetics, and a surrogate marker of efficacy. XR9576 was administered as a single dose-upward titration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mg/kg XR9576 i.v. or 50, 100, 200, 500, and 750 mg/volunteer p.o. The surrogate marker for in vivo efficacy examined the accumulation of the P-gp substrate Rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) in P-gp-expressing CD56+ lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Addition of Rh-123 to blood samples from subjects given XR9576 or a placebo demonstrated drug-dependent modulation of P-gp activity. Even at the lowest doses, significant effects were observed on Rh-123 accumulation in CD56+ cells. Maximal effects were seen during the i.v. infusion or 4-6 h after oral administration. As the dose was increased, a concomitant rise in the level and duration of P-gp blockade was observed. A dose of 2.0 mg/kg i.v. and > or = 200 mg/volunteer p.o. gave approximately 100% inhibition of P-gp for in excess of 24 h. All doses of XR9576 were well tolerated. Inhibition increased with XR9576 plasma concentration, and maximal activity was achieved at 150-200 ng/ml XR9576. In conclusion, XR9576 has demonstrated sustained inhibition of P-gp after i.v. and oral administration and, supported by the elimination half-life of about 24 h, XR9576 is being taken into Phase II as a once-daily agent.
Transition-Metal-Free C-Arylation at Room Temperature by Arynes (2012)

A facile, fluoride-induced transition-metal-free chemoselective α-arylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds (malonamide esters) at room temperature using aryne intermediates has been demonstrated. Selective mono- or diarylation and generation of a quaternary benzylic stereocenter have also been achieved. The methodology will be highly useful for the synthesis of a library of CNS depressant barbiturate drugs like Phenobarbital.
Power-constrained device and technology design for the end of scaling (2003)

This paper argues that the end of scaling is full technology optimization, and shows how application-dependent power dissipation constraints can be incorporated into system-level analyses to yield optimal device and technology design parameters. A new optimization criteria, ROI (Return on Investment), is introduced, and dependencies on underlying assumptions are investigated.
Second-Order Cyclostationarity of Mobile WiMAX and LTE OFDM Signals and Application to Spectrum Awareness in Cognitive Radio Systems (2011)

Spectrum sensing and awareness are challenging requirements in cognitive radio (CR). To adequately adapt to the changing radio environment, it is necessary for the CR to detect the presence and classify the on-the-air signals. The wireless industry has shown great interest in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology. Hence, classification of OFDM signals has been intensively researched recently. Generic signals have been mainly considered, and there is a need to investigate OFDM standard signals, and their specific discriminating features for classification. In this paper, realistic and comprehensive mathematical models of the OFDM-based mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and third-Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) signals are developed, and their second-order cyclostationarity is studied. Closed-from expressions for the cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF) and cycle frequencies (CFs) of both signal types are derived, based on which an algorithm is proposed for their classification. The proposed algorithm does not require carrier, waveform, and symbol timing recovery, and is immune to phase, frequency, and timing offsets. The classification performance of the algorithm is investigated versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for diverse observation intervals and channel conditions. In addition, the computational complexity is explored versus the signal type. Simulation results show the efficiency of the algorithm is terms of classification performance, and the complexity study proves the real time applicability of the algorithm.
Adult Norms for the Nine Hole Peg Test of Finger Dexterity (1985)

The purposes of this study were to establish standardized procedures for the Nine Hole Peg Test of finger dexterity, to evaluate its reliability and validity, and to establish new clinical norms based on these standardized procedures. For the reliability and validity study, 26 female occupational therapy students were tested Very high interrater reliability (right r = .97, left r = .99) was found Test-retest reliability was reported to be moderate to high (right r = .69, left r = .43) and a significant practice effect was found between the test and retest occasions. Possible variables that may have affected these results are discussed To evaluate concurrent validity, the Nine Hole Peg Test was compared to the Purdue Pegboard. The observed correlations (right r = −.61, left r = −.53) indicated that the tests are similar but not equivalent tests of finger dexterity. For the normative data study, 628 normal subjects from 20 to 94 years were tested Data were stratified by sex and by 12 age groups to allow the therapist to easily compare patients' scores to a normative population Data showed that females scored slightly better than males, finger dexterity decreased with age, and right-hand and left-hand dominant subjects demonstrated minimal differences in performance.
Growth of AlxGa1−<i>x</i>As parabolic quantum wells by real-time feedback control of composition (1992)

Epitaxial AlxGa1−xAs structures whose compositions x vary continuously with thickness according to a given input function have been grown by chemical-beam epitaxy under closed-loop ellipsometric control. 200- and 500-Å parabolic quantum wells analyzed by photoreflectance and secondary-ion mass spectrometry, respectively, show that actual compositions follow target values to within 0.02 in x. Growth of the 200-Å profile was controlled using compositions ellipsometrically determined for the outermost running 3.1 Å (∼1 monolayer) of depositing material.
Salinity-Alkane Carbon Number (ACN) Relationship of Some Anionic Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures (2014)

Salinity scans were performed for petroleum sulphonate/eugenol ethoxyate mixtures having the same composition (0.75 mole fraction of witco TRS 10-80 petroleum sulphonate + 0.25 mole fraction of any of the prepared eugenol ethoxylates). Widths of the obtained three-phase (3?) microemulsion regions, were determined and the optimum salinity (S*) values of these anionic/nonionic systems, were calculated at different oil phase alkane carbon numbers (ACN). Phase behaviour diagrams, of the investigated systems, were constructed by plotting the width of the 3? region against oil phase ACN. From the obtained phase maps, the areas of the 3? regions, bounded between the upper and lower phase boundaries (UPB & LPB), were located. Also, the areas bounded between the UPB and LPB fitted curves for the whole ACN range (from hexane to hexadecane, 3?6-16) and that for the preferred ACN (from hexane to nonane, 3?6-9), were determined through computational approach. Linear and polynomial equations were developed to describe the S*-ACN relationship of the investigated systems.Results obtained reveal that more pronounced shift, in the 3? region, to higher ACN was observed when nonionic having longer polyoxyethylene chain was employed. Sulphonate/eugenol ethoxylate mixtures gave 3 ?6-9 regions at a relatively higher salinity ranges if compared with that of sulphonate alone. Such mixtures are more beneficial in surfactant flooding for high salinity reservoirs. Keywords : Eugenol ethoxylates, Petroleum sulphonates, Phase behaviour, Phase map, Surfactant flooding formulation systems.
Intercarrier interference suppression and channel estimation for OFDM systems in time-varying frequency-selective fading channels (2004)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, channel variations within an OFDM block destroy orthogonality between subcarriers, resulting in intercarrier interference (ICl), which increases an error floor in proportional to normalized Doppler frequency. To mitigate the effects of channel variations, many schemes have been proposed, but they are computationally complex or at the price of sacrificing spectral efficiency. In this paper, we first provide an ICI analysis in both time- and frequency-domain while existing literatures analyze the ICI effects mainly in the frequency domain. Based on this analysis, we then propose a novel ICI suppression technique, which uses iterative ICI cancellation in time domain and has a computational complexity that is linear in the OFDM symbol length. Channel estimation in rapidly time-varying scenarios is critical for ICl suppression and coherent demodulation. We also propose a scheme for estimating the channel parameters varying within an OFDM block. Along with the channel estimation scheme, we investigate the issue of optimum pilot tone placement. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed ICl suppression method and channel estimation scheme have low computational complexity and good performance for most Doppler frequency of practical importance.
Clinical Considerations for Capsid Choice in the Development of Liver-Targeted AAV-Based Gene Transfer (2019)

As gene transfer with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is starting to enter clinical practice, this review examines the impact of vector capsid choice in liver-directed gene transfer for hemophilia. Given that there are multiple clinical trials completed and ongoing in this field, it is important to review the clinical evidence, particularly as a range of AAV-vector serotypes including AAV2, AAV5, AAV8, and AAV10 have been tested. Although there have been a number of successful trials, the development of two investigational AAV vectors for hemophilia B has been discontinued because they did not meet efficacy and/or safety expectations. Whether this difference between success and failure of gene transfer approaches reflects capsid choice, vector design, manufacturing system, or other variables is a question of great interest. Here, we examine the body of evidence across trials to determine the possible influences of serotype choice on key clinical outcomes such as safety, vector clearance, treatment eligibility, occurrence of transaminase elevations, activation of capsid-directed cytotoxic T cell responses, and clinical efficacy. In summary, gene transfer requires a balance between achieving sufficient transgene expression and minimizing destructive immune responses, which may be affected by AAV-vector serotype choice.
Generating Long-term Trajectories Using Deep Hierarchical Networks (2017)

We study the problem of modeling spatiotemporal trajectories over long time horizons using expert demonstrations. For instance, in sports, agents often choose action sequences with long-term goals in mind, such as achieving a certain strategic position. Conventional policy learning approaches, such as those based on Markov decision processes, generally fail at learning cohesive long-term behavior in such high-dimensional state spaces, and are only effective when myopic modeling lead to the desired behavior. The key difficulty is that conventional approaches are "shallow" models that only learn a single state-action policy. We instead propose a hierarchical policy class that automatically reasons about both long-term and short-term goals, which we instantiate as a hierarchical neural network. We showcase our approach in a case study on learning to imitate demonstrated basketball trajectories, and show that it generates significantly more realistic trajectories compared to non-hierarchical baselines as judged by professional sports analysts.
A New Synthetic Approach to Salmeterol (1999)

Abstract In the present work a short and convenient route for the synthesis of salmeterol from salicylaldehyde has been developed.
Effector CD4+ T cells, the cytokines they generate, and GVHD: something old and something new (2011)

GVHD is a syndrome that results from minor and major histocompatibility complex incompatibilities between the donor and recipient. More than 50 years after its initial description, the pathophysiology of GVHD remains poorly understood. Nonetheless, donor T cells have been shown to be critical to the pathophysiology of acute and chronic GVHD, yet precisely how they function remains unclear. The effector mechanisms by which donor T cells mediate tissue inflammation is even less well understood. Identification of several new lineages of CD4(+) T cells made in the past decade and their roles in the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated diseases has shed new light on these effector mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent descriptions of these T-cell lineages and the current data supporting their role in acute and to a lesser extent chronic GVHD. Investigations into the activity of these new T-cell lineages may provide more rationale approaches to the treatment or prevention of GVHD.
BrownMap: Enforcing Power Budget in Shared Data Centers (2010)

In this work, we investigate mechanisms to ensure that a shared data center can operate within a power budget, while optimizing a global objective function(e.g., maximize the overall revenue earned by the provider). We present the BrownMap methodology that is able to ensure that data centers can deal both with outages that reduce the available power or with surges in workload. BrownMap uses automatic VM resizing and Live Migration technologies to ensure that overall revenue of the provider is maximized, while meeting the budget. We implement BrownMap on an IBM Power6 cluster and study its effectiveness using a trace-driven evaluation of a real workload. Both theoretical and experimental evidence are presented that establish the efficacy of BrownMap to optimize a global objective, while meeting a power budget for shared data centers.
Domain studies in single-crystal ferrite MIG heads with image-enhanced, wide-field, Kerr microscopy (1992)

The magnetic domain structure at the media-facing surfaces of the single-crystal ferrite MIG heads is investigated using the magnetooptical Kerr effect. Domain behavior depends strongly on the stress state and surface treatment of the head. The pole tips display coercive zig-zag domain walls, which are nucleated at the gap by write current pulses. For the samples studied, nucleation and motion of these walls are different between heads which exhibit small secondary pulses in the read-back signal and heads which do not.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental demonstration of nonlinear electrical equalizer to mitigate intra-channel nonlinearities in coherent QPSK systems (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate the mitigation of intra-channel nonlinearities in 10GBaud coherent quadrature phase shift keying systems via nonlinear electrical equalizer based on Volterra theory. The performance of nonlinear transmission systems is significantly improved.
Ghost reduction by reproduction (1992)

An adaptive ghost reduction system consisting of a cascaded ghost reduction filter and ghost reproduction filter is proposed. To satisfy the reciprocity of transfer functions of these two filters, adaptive processes force the system output waveforms to coincide with the input waveforms. The system functions as a blind deconvolution system. The processing system can use the impaired signals themselves as references, so that impaired images can be restored without reference signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2002 Stockholm Statement: Urgent action needed for water security: Recommendations from the Stockholm Water Symposia, 1998-2002 (2003)

Water on our planet. The Development Target set by the UN Millennium Assembly is to halve by 2015 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty, suffering from hunger or unable to reach or afford safe drinking water. It will not be possible to achieve these goals unless governments realize that water is fundamental for almost any kind of development and human activity. Something must be fundamentally wrong when enormous interests and financial resources are engaged in finding water on other planets while we pay insufficient attention to water on our planet on which humanity's survival and quality of life genuinely depend. While part of the explanation may be the commonplace character of water in most industrialized countries, it should be stressed that the majority of the low income countries with large undernutrition are located in the dry climate tropics where daily access to water is every-one's number one priority.