gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodendrons Based on 9-Phenylcarbazole (1999)

A series of 9-phenylcarbazole ethynylene monodenrons have been prepared by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions creating well-organized arrays of redox centers. The tert-butyl groups attached to the 3,6-positions of peripheral 9-phenylcarbazole monomers provide adequate solubility to a limited degree. Trimer and 7-mer monodendrons were prepared using a monomer with 3, 3-diethyltriazene at its focal point. To facilitate purification, the synthesis of 15-mer monodendron, however, required a monomer bearing a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-1-ynyl group at its focal point as a masking group for the terminal acetylene functionality. Although the solubility was limited, high generation monodendrons were found to be readily soluble in carbon disulfide, a solvent of high polarizability. Spectroscopic studies showed that there is limited through-bond conjugation over the monodendrons, but fluorescence studies suggested the presence of long-range through-space interactions in the higher members of the series.
A Computational Model of Metaphor Interpretation (1990)

Section 6 (On Translation) consists of a single paper by van der Korst in which he presents a FG MT system. The principles of the system are very simple. The predication underlying a linguistic expression is language-neutral; therefore the theory provides a ready-made interlingua. If it is possible to parse and to generate, then it is also possible to translate. Of course, this is an oversimplification, since different languages typically use different subsets of the set of possible predicates. Thus, paraphrasing relations between predications are necessary. Van der Korst provides a lot of useful examples to illustrate the problems and achievements of his system. The verdict: This is an important book, since it begins to sketch what a computational version of FG might look like. It is very important for people working in functional paradigms such as FG to bring their insights about language use to the design of NLP systems, which will have real users. However, the book is ultimately disappointing for a number of reasons. It has the feel of a collection of disparate papers that are united in their debt to Dik (1978) rather than by their participation in a coherent research program. The papers are inadequately cross-referenced and display many needless inconsistencies of style (e.g., PROLOG vs. Prolog'; endnotes vs. footnotes). The papers build very few bridges between computational FG and what is going on in the rest of NLP. As we have noted, some of the attempts to do so misfire. Perhaps most disappointing of all, the volume fails to raise what ought to be the most interesting question: what, if any, are the distinctive benefits of functional theories such as FG for NLP?
Isotypes and Opsonophagocytosis of Pneumococcus Type 6B Antibodies Elicited in Infants and Adults by an Experimental Pneumococcus Type 6B-Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (1998)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen of infants, children, and the elderly. Polysaccharide vaccines have been useful in adult populations but do not elicit protective immunity in infants and young children. To enhance their immunogenicity, vaccines of pneumococcal polysaccharides conjugated to proteins are being developed. In this study antibody levels and opsonic activities were compared in sera of infants and adults injected with pneumococcal polysaccharide type 6B (Pn6B) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) (Pn6B-TT). Healthy infants were injected with Pn6B-TT; group A was injected at 3, 4, and 6 months of age, and group B was injected at 7 and 9 months of age. A booster injection was given at 18 months. Adults were injected once. Antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, and their functional activities were measured by opsonophagocytosis of radiolabelled pneumococci. In adults, increases in immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, IgA, IgG1, and IgG2 to Pn6B were observed. Infants reached adult levels of IgG1 anti-Pn6B after the primary injections. After the booster injection the infant groups had total IgG- and IgM-Pn6B antibody levels similar to those of adults. After the booster injection, IgG1 was the dominant infant anti-Pn6B isotype and at a level higher than in vaccinated adults, but IgA and IgG2 antibodies remained at very low levels. Opsonic activity increased significantly after Pn6B-TT injections; the highest infant sera showed opsonic activity comparable to that of vaccinated adults. Overall, opsonic activity correlated best with total and IgG anti-Pn6B antibodies (r = 0.741, r = 0.653, respectively; n = 35) and was highest in sera with high levels of all Pn6B antibody isotypes. The results indicate the protective potential of a pneumococcal 6B polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine for young infants.
Design of a 100 Mbps wireless local area network (2002)

We present the design of a 100 Mbps indoor communication system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The goal is to build a wireless local area network that can compete with today's wired solution in terms of performance. A major novelty of the system is the use of OFDM in a multi-user system. The high bit rate of the OFDM modem necessitates dedicated VLSI. We show how a dedicated ASIC architecture can implement an OFDM modem that allows transmission of complex symbols (QPSK, 16 QAM) at 50 Mbaud/s. For the design of the modem we used a C++ based design methodology.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> Inactivation by UVC-Irradiated C<sub>60</sub>: Kinetics and Mechanisms (2011)

Motivated by recent studies that documented changes in fullerene toxicity after chemical transformation, C(60) aggregates (nC(60)) were subject to UVC irradiation at monochromatic 254 nm and subsequently evaluated for antibacterial and bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli. The nC(60) treated with UVC irradiation, referred to herein as UVC-irradiated C(60), did not directly inhibit bacterial growth at concentrations up to 20 mg/L. In the presence of UVA and visible light, however, UVC-irradiated C(60) rapidly inactivated E. coli, suggesting that photochemical production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved. The use of ROS scavengers and probes determined that hydroxyl radicals were the primary ROS responsible for the E. coli inactivation. Results from protein release, lipid peroxidation, cell permeability, and intracellular enzyme assays suggest that the inactivation mechanism involves UVC-irradiated C(60) diffusing through E. coli cell membrane and producing hydroxyl radicals within the cell. Further study on water-soluble C(60) derivatives and possible transformative processes is, therefore, recommended based on the environmental implications of results presented herein that nC(60) exposed to UVC irradiation is more toxic than parent nC(60).
Molecular electronic latches and memories (2005)

Many two terminal molecular devices functioning as diodes have been synthesized with responses similar to solid state devices such as rectifying and resonant tunneling diodes. In this paper, the feasibility of integrating these molecular diodes into current circuit architectures is explored. A bistable latch and memory architecture are simulated using IV data from the 2'-amino-4-ethynylphenyl-4'-ethynylphenyl-5'-nitro-1-bensenethiolate molecule previously published by the Reed group at Yale University. HSPICE simulation results are used to illustrate the performance of a bistable latch and a memory array.
A novel, non-radioactive eukaryotic in vitro transcription assay for sensitive quantification of RNA polymerase II activity (2014)

Our novel assay provides a non-radioactive alternative to a standard in vitro transcription assay that allows for sensitive detection and precise quantification of the newly transcribed, unlabelled RNA and is particularly useful for quantification of strong transcriptional inhibitors like α-amanitin. Moreover, the method can be easily adapted to quantify the reaction yield and the transcription efficiency of other eukaryotic in vitro systems, thus providing a complementary tool for the field of transcriptional research.
Trajectory planning for Bertha &#x2014; A local, continuous method (2014)

In this paper, we present the strategy for trajectory planning that was used on-board the vehicle that completed the 103 km of the Bertha-Benz-Memorial-Route fully autonomously. We suggest a local, continuous method that is derived from a variational formulation. The solution trajectory is the constrained extremum of an objective function that is designed to express dynamic feasibility and comfort. Static and dynamic obstacle constraints are incorporated in the form of polygons. The constraints are carefully designed to ensure that the solution converges to a single, global optimum.
Integrated Measurement and Analysis of P2P Streaming Traffic by the Java Tool Atheris (2010)

Currently, the rapid development of new multimedia services including VoIP, video streaming and video on demand as well as IPTV and the integration of triple play into the service portfolios of ISPs and network operators indicate an evolutionary path towards next generation networking. Peer-topeer (P2P) overlay networks are used with growing intensity to implement the content dissemination and control planes of many new portals and their multimedia service components like GoalBit, Zattoo, PPLive, SopCast, Voddler or Skype. However, despite intensive measurement campaigns (cf. [3], [4] among others), publicly available integrated systems to monitor streaming traffic in such networks and to analyze its features are rarely provided yet. The presented JAVA tool Atheris constitutes an approach to overcome this deficiency.
Establishment of an orthotopic transplantable gastric cancer animal model for studying the immunological effects of new cancer therapeutic modules (2010)

Tumor cell growth is influenced by the cellular microenvironment including the presence of immune cells and blood vessels. Currently, no transplantable gastric cancer syngeneic animal models exist; therefore, we set out to establish a mouse gastric carcinoma cell line, which was named mouse gastric carcinoma cell line 3I (MGCC3I), from forestomach carcinoma developed in benzo[a]pyrene-treated ICR mice. MGCC3I cells showed epithelial-like morphology, multinuclear giant cell formation, and retained an intestinal phenotype, which are similar to human gastric cancer carcinoma cells. The expression of gastric cancer markers MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC, and oncogenes c-myc, c-met, cyclin E1, and cancer stem cell marker CD44 was determined in MGCC3I cells. MGCC3I cells formed poorly differentiated stomach tumors following orthotopic implantation into the stomachs of syngeneic ICR mice. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are recognized as a new class of anticancer drugs. The immunological therapeutic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and valproic acid were evaluated in this new animal tumor model. Sodium butyrate inhibited MGCC3I stomach tumor formation in animal models. Increased tumor infiltration by CD8 T cells and neutrophils was observed in mice treated with sodium butyrate or valproic acid. Depletion of CD8 T cells significantly attenuated tumor regression mediated by histone deacetylase inhibitors, which is correlated with enhancement of the MHC class I pathway in MGCC3I cells. Taken together, we have successfully established an orthotopic transplantable gastric tumor animal model and demonstrated its usefulness in revealing the role of CD8 T cells in the therapeutic effects of sodium butyrate.
Age Differences in Movement Patterns Used to Rise from a Bed in Subjects in the Third Through Fifth Decades of Age (1993)

Results indicate physical therapists should consider the patient's age when selecting movement patterns to teach.
Optical absorption at 106 μm in highly deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1992)

We have determined the relationship between residual proton (hydrogen) concentration and optical absorption at 1.06 microm in highly deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The proton concentration was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the absorbance was measured by calorimetry. We obtained a hydrogen concentration dependence of 396 +/- 55 parts in 10(6) (ppm) cm(-1)/% hydrogen for the o- (ordinary-) polarized absorbance at 1.064 microm, and 45 +/- 7 ppm cm(-1)/% hydrogen for the e- (extraordinary) polarization. In addition, the KDP crystals we tested have residual (hydrogen-independent) o- and e-polarized absorbances of 958 +/- 228 ppm cm(-1) and 343 +/- 28 ppm cm(-1), respectively, whose origin is unknown. We also found that the crystal deuterium-hydrogen (D-H) ratio can be related to the D-H ratio of the growth solution by a simple ideal mixture model with a segregation coefficient of 0.684 +/- 0.044.
Postresuscitation Care after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (2019)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. With the introduction of targeted temperature management more than a decade ago, postresuscitation care has attracted increased attention. In the present review, we discuss best practice hospital management of unconscious out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with a special focus on targeted temperature management. What is termed post-cardiac arrest syndrome strikes all organs and mandates access to specialized intensive care. All patients need a secured airway, and most patients need hemodynamic support with fluids and/or vasopressors. Furthermore, immediate coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, when indicated, has become an essential part of the postresuscitation treatment. Targeted temperature management with controlled sedation and mechanical ventilation is the most important neuroprotective strategy to take. Targeted temperature management should be initiated as quickly as possible, and according to international guidelines, it should be maintained at 32° to 36°C for at least 24 h, whereas rewarming should not increase more than 0.5°C per hour. However, uncertainty remains regarding targeted temperature management components, warranting further research into the optimal cooling rate, target temperature, duration of cooling, and the rewarming rate. Moreover, targeted temperature management is linked to some adverse effects. The risk of infection and bleeding is moderately increased, as is the risk of hypokalemia and magnesemia. Circulation needs to be monitored invasively and any deviances corrected in a timely fashion. Outcome prediction in the individual patient is challenging, and a self-fulfilling prophecy poses a real threat to early prognostication based on clinical assessment alone. Therefore, delayed and multimodal prognostication is now considered a key element of postresuscitation care. Finally, modern postresuscitation care can produce good outcomes in the majority of patients but requires major diagnostic and therapeutic resources and specific training. Hence, recent international guidelines strongly recommend the implementation of regional prehospital resuscitation systems with integrated and specialized cardiac arrest centers.
Linear smart detector array for video rate optical coherence tomography (1999)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a viable clinical diagnostic tool providing in-vivo images of the internal structure of tissue with micron-scale resolution with no contact needed between probe and tissue (1).
Cryptographic Extension for Soft General-Purpose Processors with Secure Key Management (2011)

General-purpose processors are not suitable for secure cryptographic key management. Secret keys are usually stored in the internal registers of the processor, and simple attacks on protocols, software/firmware or cache memory can often lead to key disclosure causing a system security failure. The paper presents a novel principle of processor extensions that enable secure key management. This principle is based on the creation and physical separation of three security zones: processor, cipher and key storage. In each of the three zones, the secret keys are manipulated in a different manner - as ordinary data or keys, in clear or encrypted. In order to increase security, the security zones are separated from each other on the protocol, architectural and physical level. The proposed principle is validated as extensions to both NIOS II and MicroBlaze processors. The NIOS II processor needs fewer clock cycles per data block encryption, because the security module is included in the processor's data path. The data path of the MicroBlaze is unchanged, and thus shorter, but additional clock cycles are necessary for data transfers between the processor and the security module. Although the interfacing is different, both processors attain the required high security level.
PPMB: a partial-multiple-bus multiprocessor architecture with improved cost-effectiveness (1992)

The authors address the design and performance analysis of partial-multiple-bus interconnection networks. They are bus architectures that have evolved from the multiple-bus structure by dividing buses into groups and reducing bus connections. Their effect is to reduce cost and alleviate arbitration and drive requirements without degrading performance significantly. One such structure, called processor-oriented partial-multiple-bus (PPMB), is proposed. It serves as an alternative to the conventional structure called memory-oriented partial-multiple-bus (MPMB) and is aimed at higher system performance at less or equal system cost. It has been shown, both analytically and by simulation, that a substantial increase in system bandwidth (up to 20%) is achieved by the PPMB structure over the MPMB structure. With very large systems, the results also imply a significantly improved cost-effectiveness over the conventional multiple-bus architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electric energy generation by shock compression of ferroelectric ceramics: Normal−mode response of PZT 95/5 (1975)

Reproducible and predictable electrical pulses with peak powers of a few hundred kilowatts lasting for a few microseconds can be obtained from shock−wave compressed ferroelectrics. In this work, impact−loading techniques are used to investigate the electromechanical response of poled specimens of a ferroelectric ceramic, PZT 95/5, to long−duration shock pulses. The experiments are conducted in the normal mode in which the shock propagation vector is perpendicular to the remanent polarization. Current histories are obtained as a function of load resistance for a fixed shock amplitude of 1.4 GPa, and few additional experiments investigate the stress dependence of the electrical response. A simple, though specific, model is developed that gives good agreement with observed results. The extension of this model to other materials and shock−loading conditions is discussed.
Crafting GBD-Net for Object Detection (2016)

The visual cues from multiple support regions of different sizes and resolutions are complementary in classifying a candidate box in object detection. Effective integration of local and contextual visual cues from these regions has become a fundamental problem in object detection. In this paper, we propose a gated bi-directional CNN (GBD-Net) to pass messages among features from different support regions during both feature learning and feature extraction. Such message passing can be implemented through convolution between neighboring support regions in two directions and can be conducted in various layers. Therefore, local and contextual visual patterns can validate the existence of each other by learning their nonlinear relationships and their close interactions are modeled in a more complex way. It is also shown that message passing is not always helpful but dependent on individual samples. Gated functions are therefore needed to control message transmission, whose on-or-offs are controlled by extra visual evidence from the input sample. The effectiveness of GBD-Net is shown through experiments on three object detection datasets, ImageNet, Pascal VOC2007 and Microsoft COCO. This paper also shows the details of our approach in wining the ImageNet object detection challenge of 2016, with source code provided on \url{https://github.com/craftGBD/craftGBD}.
Imaging of Photocurrent Generation and Collection in Single-Layer Graphene (2009)

Unlike in linear nanostructures, photocurrent generated in single-layer graphene (SLG) is expected to display two-dimensional characteristics. This allows the investigation of carrier dynamics, in relation to several spatially varying factors (such as the location of photocurrent generation and collection) and the overall electron band configuration of the SLG. In this letter, we use scanning photocurrent microscopy to investigate the spatial mapping of photocurrent generation and collection in SLG in a multielectrode geometry. A strong electric field near metal-graphene contacts leads to efficient photocurrent generation, resulting in >30% efficiency for electron-hole separation. The polarity and magnitude of contact photocurrent are used to study the band alignment and graphene electrical potential near contacts, from which it is shown that there exist large-scale spatial variations in graphene electric potential. Our measurements with a multielectrode device configuration reveal that photocurrent is distributed with a clear directional dependence among different collector electrodes. In the same measurement scheme, we also determine the majority carrier in graphene under different gate conditions by imaging the thermocurrent generated by laser-induced heating of electrodes.
Relationship between pelvic morphology and functional parameters in standing position for patient-specific cup planning in THA (2018)

The sagittal orientation of the pelvis commonly called pelvic tilt has an effect on the orientation of the cup in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Pelvic tilt is different between individuals and changes during activities of daily living. In particular, the pelvic tilt in standing position should be considered during the planning of THA to adapt the target angles of the cup patient-specifically to minimize wear and the risk of dislocation. Methods to measure pelvic tilt require an additional step in the planning process, may be time consuming and additional devices or x-ray imaging are necessary. In this study, the relationship between three functional parameters describing the sagittal pelvic orientation in standing position and seven morphological parameters of the pelvis was investigated. Correlations might be used to estimate the pelvic tilt in standing position by the morphology of the pelvis in order to avoid additional measuring techniques of pelvic tilt in the planning process of THA. For 18 subjects a semi-automatic process was established to match a 3D-reconstruction of the pelvis from CT scans to orthogonal EOS imaging in standing position and to calculate the morphological and functional parameters of the pelvis subsequently. The two strongest correlations of the linear correlation analysis were observed between morphological pelvic incidence and functional sacral slope (r = 0.78; p = 0.0001) and between morphological pubic symphysis-posterior superior iliac spines- ratio and functional tilt of anterior pelvic plane (r = -0.59; p = 0.0098). The results of this study suggest that patient-specific adjustments to the orientation of the cup in planning of THA without additional measurement of the sagittal pelvic orientation in standing position should be based on the correlation between morphological pelvic incidence and functional sacral slope.