gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7x in the Periphery Abrogates Pancreas-Specific Damage Mediated by Self-reactive CD8 T Cells (2012)

B7x (B7-H4 or B7S1) is the seventh member of the B7 family, and its in vivo function remains largely unknown. Despite new genetic data linking the B7x gene with autoimmune diseases, how exactly it contributes to peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity is unclear. In this study, we showed that B7x protein was not detected on APCs or T cells in both human and mice, which is unique in the B7 family. Because B7x protein is expressed in some peripheral cells such as pancreatic β cells, we used a CD8 T cell-mediated diabetes model (AI4αβ) in which CD8 T cells recognize an endogenous self-Ag, and found that mice lacking B7x developed more severe diabetes than control AI4αβ mice. Conversely, mice overexpressing B7x in the β cells (Rip-B7xAI4αβ) were diabetes free. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of effector AI4αβ CD8 T cells induced diabetes in control mice, but not in Rip-B7xAI4αβ mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that pathogenic effector CD8 T cells were capable of migrating to the pancreas but failed to robustly destroy tissue when encountering local B7x in Rip-B7xAI4αβ mice. Although AI4αβ CD8 T cells in Rip-B7xAI4αβ and AI4αβ mice showed similar cytotoxic function, cell death, and global gene expression profiles, these cells had greater proliferation in AI4αβ mice than in RIP-B7xAI4αβ mice. These results suggest that B7x in nonlymphoid organs prevents peripheral autoimmunity partially through inhibiting proliferation of tissue-specific CD8 T cells, and that local overexpression of B7x on pancreatic β cells is sufficient to abolish CD8 T cell-induced diabetes.
Worldwide Vertical Guidance of Aircraft Based on Modernized GPS and New Integrity Augmentations (2008)

In the 2020 time frame, the Global Positioning System (GPS) will be fully modernized, and other satellite navigation systems will be operational. With an additional layer of fault detection, these systems will provide vertical guidance worldwide. This capability will be born of three important technologies. First and foremost, avionics will receive signals on two frequencies: L1/E1 and L5/E5a. This frequency diversity will do much to obviate the impact of ionospheric storms that troubles aviation use of GPS today. Secondly, a multiplicity of data broadcasts will be available to convey integrity information from the ground to the airborne users. These will include the navigation satellites themselves, geostationary satellites, and possibly terrestrial transmitters. However, the most important change will be the most subtle. The fault monitoring burden will be split between the aircraft and the supporting ground systems in a new way relative to the fault-detection techniques used in 2008. This new integrity allocation and the associated architectures are the subject of this paper.
Registration of Vehicle-Borne Point Clouds and Panoramic Images Based on Sensor Constellations (2017)

A mobile mapping system (MMS) is usually utilized to collect environmental data on and around urban roads. Laser scanners and panoramic cameras are the main sensors of an MMS. This paper presents a new method for the registration of the point clouds and panoramic images based on sensor constellation. After the sensor constellation was analyzed, a feature point, the intersection of the connecting line between the global positioning system (GPS) antenna and the panoramic camera with a horizontal plane, was utilized to separate the point clouds into blocks. The blocks for the central and sideward laser scanners were extracted with the segmentation feature points. Then, the point clouds located in the blocks were separated from the original point clouds. Each point in the blocks was used to find the accurate corresponding pixel in the relative panoramic images via a collinear function, and the position and orientation relationship amongst different sensors. A search strategy is proposed for the correspondence of laser scanners and lenses of panoramic cameras to reduce calculation complexity and improve efficiency. Four cases of different urban road types were selected to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Results indicate that most of the point clouds (with an average of 99.7%) were successfully registered with the panoramic images with great efficiency. Geometric evaluation results indicate that horizontal accuracy was approximately 0.10-0.20 m, and vertical accuracy was approximately 0.01-0.02 m for all cases. Finally, the main factors that affect registration accuracy, including time synchronization amongst different sensors, system positioning and vehicle speed, are discussed.
Analysis of Nonrandomly Censored Ordered Categorical Longitudinal Data from Analgesic Trials (1997)

Abstract A clinical trial of an analgesic agent compares pain relief scores over time among groups of patients. All subjects experience the same painful procedure, but different subjects are given different randomly assigned doses of active agent or placebo when they first request it. The data are short individual time series of ordered categorical pain relief scores subsequent to dosing. Nonrandom right censoring may be present because patients can elect to remedicate with an active agent if their pain relief is insufficient. The trial is meant to address two questions: (a) Is there proof that the drug relieves pain? If so, (b) What dosage patterns should be investigated further, or recommended for use by a typical patient? Marginal models of human pharmacology are basically empirical models, and although an analysis of a study based on such a model can adequately address the first question, such is not the case for the second question, because this question requires extrapolation to untested dosing patterns. We propose to analyze study data using a hierarchical model so as to address both questions. The analysis uses a semimechanistic subject-specific pain-relief model for the distribution of all (uncensored and censored) observations, conditional on individual random effects, and an empirical model for the censoring outcome, remedication, conditional on observed pain relief and individual random effects. We estimate the parameters of the foregoing (nonlinear mixed effects) model via maximum likelihood, assuming normally distributed random effects. Monte Carlo integration with respect to the random effects is used to compute marginal statistics relevant to the dosing question. Of particular note is that this formulation encourages use of subject matter information in model specification so that the extrapolations required to address the dosing question are credible. An example is given of the application of the analysis to analgesic trial data for the drug ketorolac.
Hazards of parenteral treatment: do particles count? (1992)

After prolonged parenteral nutrition a 12 month old infant died with pulmonary hypertension and granulomatous pulmonary arteritis. A review of necropsy findings in 41 infants who had been fed parenterally showed that two of these also had pulmonary artery granulomata, while none of 32 control patients who died from sudden infant death syndrome had similar findings. Particulate contaminants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of such lesions and these were quantified in amino acid/dextrose solutions and fat emulsions using automated particle counting and optical microscope counting respectively. Parenteral feed infusions compounded for a 3000 g infant according to standard nutritional regimens were found to include approximately 37,000 particles between 2 and 100 microns in size in one day's feed, of which 80% were derived from the fat emulsion. In-line end filtration of intravenous infusions may reduce the risk of particle associated complications. A suitable particle filter is required for use with lipid.
GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) (2004)

[in Japanese]
Abstract 238: Class I HDAC inhibition prevents Ncx1 upregulation by stabilizing an HDAC5-HDAC1/Sin3a Repressor Complex during cardiac hypertrophy. (2013)

Cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with the activation of signaling pathways that perpetuate altered calcium efflux and influx. One gene that is upregulated and contributes to altered intracellular calcium concentrations and worsening contractility during cardiac hypertrophy is the Sodium Calcium Exchanger ( Ncx1 ). Molecular studies implicate histone deacetylases (HDACs) in possibly regulating the expression of this gene. Our recent work reveals that HDAC1, HDAC5 and Sin3a interact and are recruited to the Ncx1 promoter through the Nkx2.5 transcription factor. Interestingly, we observed greater associated/interaction of the HDAC1-HDAC5/Sin3a repressor complex upon broad HDAC inhibition. Taken together, we hypothesized that HDAC inhibition, stabilizes an HDAC1-HDAC5/Sin3a repressor complex during cardiac hypertrophy. We addressed this hypothesis by treating isolated adult cardiomyocytes with class specific HDAC inhibitors since HDAC1 is a Class I HDAC and HDAC5 is a Class IIa HDAC. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) revealed a greater association of repressor complex molecules in the presence of Entinostat, a Class I HDAC inhibitor compared to both non-treated control and TSA, a broad HDAC inhibitor (n=3). These works show enhanced recruitment Sin3a (co-repressor) at the proximal promoter of NCX1 as demonstrated by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (n=3). To test whether these observations translated into in vivo models, we subjected mice to transaortic constriction (TAC) to induce hypertrophy. In this model, Co-IP revealed results that similar to our in vitro studies with greater immuno- detection of repressor complex component, Sin3a after immune-precipitation with HDAC1. Furthermore, our ChIP data showed a greater PCR product amplification of proximal Ncx1 promoter, from experimental groups that were subjected to Entinostat (n=3). Our cumulative data suggests that Class I HDAC inhibition stabilizes a repressor complex on the Ncx1 promoter that hinders hypertrophy- mediated Ncx1 upregulation. Class specific HDAC inhibition may be useful in the stabilization and repression of aberrantly expressed genes that contribute to poor clinical outcomes in cardiac hypertrophy.
Soft Chemistry Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Li<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Ni<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>Co<i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>2-</sub><sub>δ</sub> (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ <i>y</i> ≤ 1) (2001)

Li1-xNi1-yCoyO2-δ oxides have been synthesized for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 by chemically extracting lithium at ambient temperature from LiNi1-yCoyO2 with an oxidizing agent NO2PF6 in acetonitrile medium. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, wet-chemical analyses to determine lithium and oxygen contents, and infrared spectroscopy. While the nickel-rich end members Ni1-yCoyO2-δ have the O3 structure similar to the initial LiNiO2, but with smaller lattice parameters, the cobalt-rich end members Ni1-yCoyO2-δ consist of a mixture of P3 and O1 phases that are formed from the initial O3 structure of LiCoO2 by a sliding of the oxide-ion layers. The nickel-rich phases Li1-xNi1-yCoyO2-δ have an oxygen content close to 2 with a negligible amount of oxygen vacancies, while the cobalt-rich phases have considerable amount of oxygen vacancies (δ = 0.33 in CoO2-δ). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates a semiconductor to metal transition in Li1-xCoO2-δ for (1 − x) < 0.77. On the other hand, Li1-xNi1-yCoyO2-δ oxides with 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5 remain as semiconductors for the entire 0 ≤ (1 − x) ≤ 1. The differences in oxygen loss behavior and electrical conduction are explained on the basis of qualitative band diagrams.
High Voltage Performances of Li[sub 2]NiPO[sub 4]F Cathode with Dinitrile-Based Electrolytes (2010)

A sebaconitrile-based electrolyte, 1 M –sebaconitrile (25:25:50 by vol %) exhibits excellent electrochemical stability above 6 V against . To confirm that the electrolyte can work at high voltages, was intentionally charged at 6 V vs . After the 6 V charging, the discharge capacity was 137 mAh/g and the coulomb efficiency was 91%. In addition, this oxidation resistant electrolyte was able to prove that has actually ca. 5.3 V redox potential against Li anode through cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge cycle test.
A New Short-Lived Isotope of Cesium<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Short-Lived Isotope of Cesium1Richard W. Fink and Edwin O. WiigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2365–2366Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a519https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative quality assessment of video sequences A human-based approach (2007)

Most of the current quality assessment techniques interpret an image quality as a measure of its fidelity with another reference image, assuming the availability of that "perfect" image. It has been the concern of many researchers around the world to algorithmically assess the quality of image sequences based on human visual perception. This paper presents a novel technique for quantitatively assessing the quality of image sequences without the need for a reference image and in a way that precisely correlates to human judgement on quality. This research is a part of a larger framework that incorporates multi-objective optimisation algorithms to optimise the quality metrics of compressed videos acquired by autonomous vehicles and transmitted over low-bandwidth communication channels. Our system was trained on a dataset that involved 700 videos of 5 different categories. We validate the performance of our model and show that it highly correlates to the human subjective quality assessment.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Antimalarial Activities of Sulfones and Sulfonamides in Cell‐Free Systems and Principal Component Analysis to Compare with Antibacterial Activities (1987)

Abstract The inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase extracts by sulfones and sulfonamides has been determined. Structural dependency of the observed I 50 ‐values has been quantitatively explained by multiple regression and principal component analysis. New highly active sulfones have been synthesized guided by the derived QSAR. The analysis leads to the conclusion that electronic and steric substituent effects are decisive and that sulfones and sulfonamides are binding to the same receptor site. The LFE‐descriptors used are correlated with the minimal conformational entropy. The results are also compared with the results obtained in cell‐free and whole cell systems of bacteria. The additional influence of cell‐wall permeability on inhibitory efficacy is demonstrated.
Metallkomplexe der Dialkyldithiophosphinsäuren, I. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Dialkyldithiophosphinato‐Komplexen (1964)

Abstract Dialkyldithiophosphinsäuren R 2 P(S)SH bilden als 2‐zähnige Chelatbildner zahlreiche Komplexe des Typs . Es werden verschiedene Verfahren zur Darstellung sowie einige Eigenschaften dieser Innerkomplexnicht‐elektrolyte beschrieben, deren auffallende thermische und chemische Beständigkeit auf eine weitgehende Resonanzstabilisierung der Chelatringe zurückgeführt wird. Die Auswirkung von Substitutionen in den Liganden R 2 P(S)S⊖ auf deren Befähigung zur Komplexbildung bzw. auf die Eigenschaften der Komplexe wird an einigen Beispielen aufgezeigt.
Cattle health monitoring system using wireless sensor network: a survey from innovation perspective (2018)

Health monitoring of dairy cattle plays a vital role for increasing the dairy products supply worldwide. Nowadays farmers are showing less interest in dairy sector as animals are suffering from various ailing health issues, unpredictable killing diseases, and advanced breeding costs. Therefore, it is necessary for farmers to adopt efficient technical methods for cattle health monitoring to increase the milk production supply. This study documented various wireless sensor network (WSN)‐based automatic health monitoring systems for monitoring various diseases of dairy cattle. The main objective of WSN‐based intelligent monitoring systems in farm automation is to monitor the health of dairy cattle on regular basis. This monitoring system needs to be installed in local and remote locations of farms that will assist the concerned farmers in monitoring their cattle activities from diverse locations for the whole day. All collected factors from the automated system will be stored in a database. Subsequently, with the help of farm automation, farmers can retrieve information for the execution of correct farm control strategies. Moreover, WSN is low‐cost technology which is specific for the identification of diseases in dairy animals. This revolution in advanced technological farm automation will aid in improving the productivity rate with the reduction of human intervention. This review study concludes all cattle monitoring systems along with various issues and challenges.
Development of Vertical Cable Seismic System (2012)

The vertical cable seismic is one of the reflection seismic methods. It uses hydrophone arrays vertically moored from the seafloor to record acoustic waves generated by surface, deep-towed or ocean bottom sources. Analyzing the reflections from the sub-seabed, we could look into the subsurface structure. Because the VCS is an efficient high-resolution 3D seismic survey method for a spatially-bounded area, we proposed it for the hydrothermal deposit survey tool development program by Japanese government. Our first experiment of the VCS surveys has been carried out in Lake Biwa, JAPAN in 2009 for a feasibility study. Prestack depth migration is applied to 3D data to obtain good quality 3D depth volume. Based on the results, we have developed four autonomous recording VCS systems. After a trial experiment, we carried out several survey cruises for hydrothermal deposit in Okinawa Trough. Through the data acquisition, we could confirm that our VCS system works well even in the severe circumstances around hydrothermal deposits. We have, however, also confirmed that the uncertainty in the positions of the source and the hydrophones could lower the quality of subsurface image. It is necessary to develop a total survey system that assures an accurate positioning and deployment techniques.
Control of Citrus Rust Mite with Vendex, 1977 (1978)

Abstract Vendex 50WP (0.125 lb and 0.50 lb ai/100 gal) was compared to Acaraben 4E (0.50 lb ai) in full season spray trials for citrus rust mite (CRM) control. Vendex formulated in water soluble bags was compared to the standard WP. Each treatment was applied to a single row of 40 mature grapefruit trees (15 ft x 25 ft spacing). Spray applications were made by a John Bean Model F-357 CP Speed Sprayer at 1 mph. Applications were made on May 3’77, Jul 9’77 and Sept 9’77. CRM counts were made at 30 and 60 days posttreatment. For each count, 10 fruit in each of 10 trees/treatment were examined for CRM and mite density was rated using the following scale: 0.0 = no mites; 1.0 = 1-5; 2.0 = 6-10; 3.0 = ≥10 mites per sample. A spray is normally recommended when CRM density ≥ 1.0/fruit. Rust mite damage evaluations were made at harvest on Nov 11 ‘77. Twenty fruit were randomly sampled from each of 10 trees, i.e., 200/treatment, and graded using the “United States Standards for Grades of Grapefruit” USDA Agric. Marketing Service Bui. Oct 1’69.
Gaeumannomyces, Linocarpon, Ophiobolus and several other genera of scolecospored ascomycetes and Phialophora conidial states, with a note on hyphopodia (1980)

Volume: 11
Interaction of cations with phosphate uptake by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Effects of surface potential (1979)

The effect of bivalent cations on phosphate uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Phosphate uptake via the Na+-dependent transport system at pH 7.2 is stimulated by bivalent cations. The apparent affinity of phosphate for the transport mechanism is increased, but the apparent affinity for Na+ is decreased. Uptake of phosphate via the Na+-independent transport system is accompanied by a net proton influx of 2H+ and an efflux of 1 K+ for each phosphate ion taken up. At pH 4.5 phosphate uptake via the Na+-independent system is stimulated by bivalent cations, whereas at pH 7.2 uptake is inhibited. The effect of bivalent cations on phosphate uptake can be ascribed to a decrease in the surface potential.
Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. II. Serological response to lipid A and the lipopolysaccharide of Re mutants (1977)

Rabbits were immunized with Salmonella minnesota Re mutant bacilli or lipid A, and the serological responses were compared. Re lipopolysaccharide and lipid A were found to possess distinct antigenic determinants as measured by hemagglutination, hemolysis, and precipitin techniques. Lipid A preparations from several enterobacterial and non-enterobacterial species were shown to cross-react in agar gel precipitation reactions. In contrast, preparations from bacilli that do not contain glucosamine as an integral part of their lipid A structure did not demonstrate cross-reactivity with enterobacterial lipid A. Antibody to smooth heterologous bacilli present in some antisera prepared against Re bacilli or lipid A was directed specifically against the smooth lipopolysaccharide and not against the Re or lipid A determinants, demonstrating a nonspecific mitogenic response. Precipitation and immunofluorescence tests indicated that the Re determinant was available on smooth bacilli for reactions with specific antisera but that the lipid A determinant was not.
Adapting Grad-CAM for Embedding Networks (2020)

The gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) method can faithfully highlight important regions in images for deep model prediction in image classification, image captioning and many other tasks. It uses the gradients in back-propagation as weights (grad-weights) to explain network decisions. However, applying Grad-CAM to embedding networks raises significant challenges because embedding networks are trained by millions of dynamically paired examples (e.g. triplets). To overcome these challenges, we propose an adaptation of the Grad-CAM method for embedding networks. First, we aggregate grad-weights from multiple training examples to improve the stability of Grad-CAM. Then, we develop an efficient weight-transfer method to explain decisions for any image without back-propagation. We extensively validate the method on the standard CUB200 dataset in which our method produces more accurate visual attention than the original Grad-CAM method. We also apply the method to a house price estimation application using images. The method produces convincing qualitative results, showcasing the practicality of our approach.