gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastogenic Inductability of Smooth Muscle Cells from a Rat Model of Late Stage Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2011)

Although abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) can be potentially stabilized by inhibiting inflammatory cell recruitment and their release of proteolytic enzymes, active AAA regression is not possible without regeneration of new elastic matrix structures. Unfortunately, postneonatal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), healthy, and likely more so, diseased cells, poorly synthesize or remodel elastic fibers, impeding any effort directed at regenerative AAA treatment. Previously, we determined the eleastogenic benefits of oligomers (HA-o; 4-6 mers) of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to healthy SMCs. Since AAAs are often diagnosed only late in development when matrix disruption is severe, we now determine if elastogenic upregulation of SMCs from late-stage AAAs (>100% diameter increase) is possible. AAAs were induced by perfusion of rat infrarenal aortae with porcine pancreatic elastase. Elastic matrix degradation, vessel expansion (∼120%), inflammatory cell infiltration, and enhanced activity of matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) 2 and 9 resulted, paralleling human AAAs. Aneurysmal SMCs (EaRASMCs) maintained a diseased phenotype in 2D cell culture and exhibited patterns of gene expression different from healthy rat aortic SMCs (RASMCs). Relative to passage-matched healthy RASMCs, unstimulated EaRASMCs produced far less tropoelastin and matrix elastin. Exogenous TGF-β and HA-o (termed "factors") significantly decreased EaRASMC proliferation and enhanced tropoelastin synthesis, though only at the highest provided dose combination (20 mg/mL of HA-o, 10 ng/mL of TGF-β); despite such enhancement, tropoelastin amounts were only ∼40% of amounts synthesized by healthy RASMC cultures. Differently, elastic matrix synthesis was enhanced beyond amounts synthesized by healthy RASMCs (112%), even at lower doses of factors (2 mg/mL of HA-o and 5 ng/mL of TGF-β). The factors also enhanced elastic fiber deposition over untreated EaRASMC cultures and restored several genes whose expression was altered in EaRASMC cultures back to levels expressed by healthy RASMCs. However, the activity of MMPs 2 and 9 generated by EaRASMC cultures was unaffected by the factors/factor dose. The study confirms that SMCs from advanced AAAs can be elastogenically induced, although much higher doses of elastogenic factors are required for induction relative to healthy SMCs. Also, the factors do not appear to inhibit MMP activity, vital to preserve existing elastic matrix structures that serve as nucleation sites for new elastic fiber deposition. Thus, to enhance net accumulation of newly regenerated elastic matrix, toward possibly regressing AAAs, codelivery of MMP inhibitors may be necessitated.
High-accuracy OPC-modeling by using advanced CD-SEM based contours in the next-generation lithography (2010)

OPC-modeling is traditionally based on CD-measurements. As design rules shrink, and process window become smaller, there is an unavoidable increase in the complexity of OPC/RET schemes required to enable design printability. The number of measurement points for OPC-modeling has increased to several hundred points per layer, and metrology requirements are no longer limited to simple one-dimensional measurements. Contour-based OPC-modeling has recently arisen as an alternative to the conventional CD-based method. In this paper, the technology of contour alignment and averaging was extended to arbitrary 2D structures. Furthermore the quality of SEM-contours was significantly improved in cases where the image has both horizontal and vertical edges (as is the case for most 2D structures), by a new SEM image method, which we call 'Fine SEM Edge'. OPC model calibration was done using SEM-contours from 2D structures. Then, the effectiveness of Contour-based calibration was examined by doing OPC model verification. The experimental results of the model quality with innovative SEM-contours with Fine SEM Edge (FSE) and Advanced alignment and averaging that was developed by Hitachi High-Technologies are reported. This combination of advanced alignment and averaging and FSE technologies makes the best use of the advantage of the contour-based OPC-modeling, and should be of use for the next generation lithography.
eMuse: QoS Guarantees for Shared Storage Servers (2008)

Storage consolidation as a perspective paradigm inevitably leads to the extensive installations of shared storage servers in product environments. However, owing to the dynamics of both workloads and storage systems, it is pragmatic only if each workload accessing common storage servers can surely possess a specified minimum share of system resources even when competing with other workloads and consequently obtain predictable quality of service (QoS). This paper presents an I/O scheduling framework for shared storage servers. The eMuse algorithm in the framework employs a dynamic assignment mechanism that not only accommodates a weighted bandwidth share for every active workload, but also fulfills their latency requirements through a fair queuing policy. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheduling framework can accomplish performance isolation among multiple competing workloads as well as the effective utilization of system resources.
A molecular scheme for improved characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines (2006)

Here we describe, using molecular biology alone, a comprehensive characterization of 17 different hESC lines. The use of amplified nucleic acids means that for the first time full characterization of hESC lines can be performed with little time investment and a minimum of material. The information thus gained will facilitate comparison of lines and replication of results between laboratories.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMMED LEARNING IN PROMOTING TRANSFER IN A TRAINING SITUATION (1969)

Abstract The study compared the transfer value of two methods of instruction ‐‐ programmed learning and lecture. Two matched groups of 27 students each were assessed for their ability to apply reinforcement concepts in classroom teaching following instruction in this field by the two methods. Neither method of instruction proved superior in promoting student‐teacher use of reinforcement in classroom teaching although the program method was more effective in terms of post‐test gains or a test of reinforcement concepts.
Size Matters: The Influence of Viewing Distance on Perceived Spatial Frequency and Contrast (2005)

The use of soft-copy displays to simulate printing devices is a common practice in the color imaging community. CRT and LCD displays can be used as a means of proofing hardcopy prints, and can also be used as tools for the development and evaluation of future imaging systems. Desktop display devices are typically of a much lower resolution than most printers, which can make it difficult to evaluate the spatial structure of prints such as the perceptibility of half-tone dots or graininess. To evaluate these spatial properties one common practice is to use a larger soft-copy display viewed further away. A psychophysical study was performed to determine the influence of this increase in viewing distance on perceived spatial frequency and contrast. Observers were asked to match the appearance of band-passed noise patterns between two displays viewed at different distances by adjusting spatial frequency and contrast. The results indicate that observers perceive a higher spatial frequency in the far image as a match the appearance of the closer image. Therefore, when a near and far object have identical spatial frequencies, the far image is perceived at a lower spatial frequency. This suggests that the overall visibility of spatial structure cannot be modeled by simple retinal frequencies.
Mechanisms of fertilization elucidated by gene-manipulated animals (2015)

Capacitation and the acrosome reaction are key phenomena in mammalian fertilization. These phenomena were found more than 60 years ago. However, fundamental questions regarding the nature of capacitation and the timing of the acrosome reaction remain unsolved. Factors were postulated over time, but as their roles were not verified by gene-disruption experiments, widely accepted notions concerning the mechanism of fertilization are facing modifications. Today, although in vitro fertilization systems remain our central research tool, the importance of in vivo observations must be revisited. Here, primarily focusing on our own research, I summarize how in vivo observations using gene-manipulated animals have elucidated new concepts in the mechanisms of fertilization.
A New Type of Ultrasensitive Bioluminogenic Enzyme Substrates. I. Enzyme Substrates with D-Luciferin as Leaving Group (1988)

Derivatives of D-luciferin, D-luciferin methyl ester, D-luciferin O-sulfate, D-luciferin O-phosphate, D-luciferyl-L-N alpha-arginine and D-luciferyl-L-phenylalanine were used as highly sensitive substrates for carboxylic esterase, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and carboxypeptidases A, B and N. Enzymatic cleavage of the compounds by enzymes leading to the release of D-luciferin was demonstrated. Kinetic constants have been determined for D-luciferin methyl ester and carboxylic esterase, for D-luciferin O-sulfate and arylsulfatase, for D-luciferin O-phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, for D-luciferyl-L-phenylalanine and carboxypeptidase A, and for carboxypeptidases B and N and D-luciferyl-L-N alpha-arginine. All compounds proved to be highly sensitive substrates for the respective enzymes, permitting a limit of detection for enzymes between 10 and 500 fg per assay.
地下核武器试验的放射性残留物:穆鲁罗瓦评估——放射性核素通过地圈的迁移 (1998)

1974年法国政府停止大气层核试验以后,于1975至1996年期间,又在穆鲁罗瓦和方阿陶法环礁的地下进行了147次地下核试验,其中,10次是无核当量或低当量的安全试验(用于模拟各种事故工况)。在穆鲁罗瓦和方阿陶法的地下,没有爆炸过很高当量的装置。据法国政府报道,没有一次核试验当量超过
Structuring operating systems using adaptive objects for improving performance (2002)

Programmers of high-performance applications often complain that the abstractions provided by the operating system (OS) hinder the optimal exploitation of the underlying hardware. We believe that this should not be the case with a well designed OS. The key is that OS subsystems must be customizable, adaptable and extensible, to permit an optimal match between the application needs and the hardware architecture. In the CHamelEon project, we seek to demonstrate the practical feasibility of dynamically customizing OSs in a distributed or clustered system. We intend to test our prototype with a small set of commercial applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Action of aldosterone upon the intestinal transport of potassium, sodium, and water. (1966)

The mixed patchwork of achievements and mis-steps in responding to covid-19 show powerful nations are not living up to their commitment to solidarity and equity, argue <b>Jesse Bump and colleagues</b>
Microbial Approaches to Characterization of Composting Processes (1994)

Abstract▪ Passage in 1979 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Clean Water Act by Congress resulted in a mandate to control and regulate the use of solid wastes on the land (Federal Register, 1979). The more recent landfill crisis followed by the ocean dumping ban and tightening of air emission standards has significantly influenced solid waste practice in the direction of biodegradation via composting.A rapid increase in composting technologies concomitant with increased environmental concern regarding the fate of bacteria, particularly pathogens, means that new opportunities and dangers exist with regard to microbial disposition of solid waste. The impact of new compost technologies on microorganism selection is not known and uncertainty exists as to survival mechanisms of potential pathogens initially present in waste. New microbial methodologies are needed to characterize bacteria involved in composting, and to determine the influence of compost technology on bacterial species selection, especially pathogens.
Serum Levels of Aminoterminal Type III Procollagen Peptide and Hyaluronan Predict Mortality in Systemic Sclerosis (1992)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of collagen in skin and internal organs and increased serum concentrations of different connective tissue metabolites have been reported. In this study of 82 patients with SSc, serum concentrations of aminoterminal type III procollagen peptide (PIIINP), smaller PIIINP-related antigens (Fab PIIINP) and hyaluronan (HA) were increased as compared to healthy controls matched for age and sex. Patients with a shorter disease duration (less than 3 years) had higher serum levels of PIIINP and Fab PIIINP than patients with a longer disease duration. The highest serum concentrations of PIIINP and HA were seen in seven patients who died within 2 years.
A Comparison of Hierarchical Methods for Clustering Functional Data (2009)

Abstract Functional data analysis (FDA)—the analysis of data that can be considered a set of observed continuous functions—is an increasingly common class of statistical analysis. One of the most widely used FDA methods is the cluster analysis of functional data; however, little work has been done to compare the performance of clustering methods on functional data. In this article, a simulation study compares the performance of four major hierarchical methods for clustering functional data. The simulated data varied in three ways: the nature of the signal functions (periodic, non periodic, or mixed), the amount of noise added to the signal functions, and the pattern of the true cluster sizes. The Rand index was used to compare the performance of each clustering method. As a secondary goal, clustering methods were also compared when the number of clusters has been misspecified. To illustrate the results, a real set of functional data was clustered where the true clustering structure is believed to be known. Comparing the clustering methods for the real data set confirmed the findings of the simulation. This study yields concrete suggestions to future researchers to determine the best method for clustering their functional data. Keywords: Cluster analysisCluster sizesMisspecificationPeriodic functionsMathematics Subject Classification: 62-0762H30 Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the suggestions of an anonymous referee, which have improved this article. Notes W =Ward's method, S =Single linkage, C =Complete linkage, linkage. W =Ward's method, S =Single linkage, C =Complete linkage, A =Average linkage. W =Ward's method, S =Single linkage, C =Complete linkage, A =Average linkage. S =Synthesis, M =Mitosis, G =Gap. Note: Clustering partitions defined by the observation numbers in braces in the table.
Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint implants. (1987)

A double-stemmed MTP joint silastic implant has been described that acts as a flexible spacer for a number of pathologic conditions that affect the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints. Preliminary results suggest that this is a feasible alternative to joint destructive procedures with advantages over previously described implants.
First‐Principles Considerations in the Design of Pd‐Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction (2007)

Die katalytische Aktivität von Pd-Legierungen in der Sauerstoffreduktion sowie die „Vulkan“-Beziehung zwischen der Aktivität und dem Legierungsgrad wurden experimentell und rechnerisch untersucht. Die katalytische Aktivität korreliert mit der Adsorptionsenergie (AE) von Oads, die wiederum von der Gitterspannung (a/a0) der Legierung abhängt (siehe Diagramm). Die Beziehung sagt voraus, dass Pd11Fe eine ähnliche Aktivität wie Pt aufweist. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604332_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The effects of solvation on the properties of anions in dipolar aprotic solvents (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Community Based Strategies for Mitigating the Effects of Disasters (1996)

A traditional and widely held view of disasters is that they cause significant community disruption as well as disabling trauma in individuals and groups. Neither of these phenomena were significantly evident following the floods in North East Victoria in October 1993. In this event a comprehensive and pro-active community development strategy was put into effect as a priority assistance measure. The consequences of this program included a minimisation of significant clinical mental health effects for affected individuals and their families and the prevention of significant widespread disruption across the affected communities. This paper describes a range of innovative community development programs and provides evidence of their effectiveness in reducing the severity of the impact and in facilitating recovery. It also describes the management strategy and framework employed in Victoria.
Research development of conductive inks and nanoparticles applied in conductive inks (2014)

The composition,classification and the conductive mechanism of conductive inks are introduced.The applications in RFID,fully printed circuits and other applications such as electronic paper are also given a brief summary.And then recent applied research about conductive inks fabricated from nanoparticles including metals,carbon and other materials are reviewed.Finally,it is point out that nanotechnology prompts the development of the conducting inks.Multiple-function and intelligentization are the directions for the development of conducting inks besides the environmental friendly requirement.
Ring-Opening Polymerisation of Silver–Diphosphine [M2L3] Coordination Cages To Give [M2L3] Coordination Polymers (2001)

[M2L3] coordination cages and linear [M2L3]infinity polymers of the rigid, bridging diphosphines bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (dppa) and trans-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (dppet) with silver(I) salts have been investigated in the solution and solid states. Unlike flexible diphosphines, 1:1 dppa/AgX mixtures do not selectively form discrete [Ag2(diphos)2(X)2] macrocycles; instead dynamic mixtures of one-, two- and three-coordinate complexes are formed. However, 3:2 dppa/AgX ratios (X = SbF6. BF4, O3SCF3 or NO3) do lead selectively to new [M2L3] triply bridged cage complexes [Ag2(dppa)3(X)2] 1a-d (X = SbF6 a, BF4 b, O3SCF3 c, NO3 d), which do not exhibit Ag-P bond dissociation at room temperature on the NMR time scale (121 MHz). Complexes la-d were characterised by X-ray crystallography and were found to have small internal cavities, helical conformations and multiple intramolecular aromatic interactions. The nucleophilicity of the anion subtly influences the cage shape: Increasing nucleophilicity from SbF6 (1a) through BF4 (1b) and O3SCF3 (1c) to NO3 (1d) increases the pyramidal distortion at the AgP3 centres, stretching the cage framework (with Ag...Ag distances increasing from 5.48 in 1a to 6.21 A in 1d) and giving thinner internal cavities. Crystal packing strongly affected the size of the helical twist angle, and no correlation between this parameter and the Ag-Ag distance was observed. When crystalline 1c was stored in its supernatant for 16 weeks, conversion occured to the isostoichiometric [M2L3]infinity coordination polymer [Ag(dppa)2Ag(dppa)(O3SCF3)2]infinity (1c'). X-ray crystallography revealed a structure with ten-membered Ag2(dppa)2 rings linked into infinite one-dimensional chains by a third dppa unit. The clear structural relationship between this polymer and the precursor cage 1c suggests a novel example of ring-opening polymerisation. With dppet, evidence for discrete [M2L3] cages was also found in solution, although 31P NMR spectroscopy suggested some Ag-P bond dissociation. On crystallisation, only the corresponding ring-opened polymeric structures [M2L3]infinity could be obtained. This may be because the greater steric bulk of dppet versus dppa destabilises the cage and favours the ring-opening polymerisation.
The Design and Implementation of a Low-Overhead Supply-Gated SRAM (2006)

The paper reports a virtual supply domain control technique for low-leakage SRAMs. This method encompasses cell-based sleep circuit tiling, sequentially regulated power-on/off, and flexible domain interfacing. The usual overhead associated with driving sleep transistors is significantly reduced by powering on/off gradually. Over 260times and 3times leakage reduction is observed in 65nm-technology hardware for hard and soft gating, respectively, including the leakage of control and drive circuits. Measured virtual domain power-on latency is compatible with high-frequency designs
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Cytokine of Innate Immunity (2003)

The innate immune system is the first line of host defenses against infection and is activated as soon as a pathogen crosses the host’s natural defense barriers (1–3). Recognition of invasive micro-bial pathogens is mediated by soluble factors (such as the lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-binding protein [LBP]) and by pattern recognition receptors (CD14 and Toll-like receptors [TLR]) expressed on myeloid cells (i.e., granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). LBP, CD14, and TLR4 play an essential role in the recognition of endotoxin (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. CD 14, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 are members of the receptor complex implicated in the recognition of pep-tidoglycan (PGN) and the lipoteichoic acids (LTA) of Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, Gram-positive exotoxins activate both the innate and acquired components of the immune system, acting as superantigens to stimulate T-lymphocytes, after crosslinking the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules of antigen-presenting cells to specific chains of the T-cell receptor.
Elimination of scan blindness with compact defected ground structures in microstrip phased array (2009)

A compact H-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is applied to reduce the mutual coupling between array elements and eliminate the scan blindness in a microstrip phased array design. The proposed DGS is inserted between the adjacent E-plane coupled elements in the array to suppress the pronounced surface waves. A two-element array is measured and the results show that a reduction in mutual coupling of 12 dB is obtained between elements at the operation frequency of the array. The scan properties of microstrip phased arrays with and without DGS are studied by the waveguide simulator method. The analysis indicates that the scan blindness of the microstrip phased array can be well eliminated because of the effect of the proposed DGS. Meanwhile, the active patterns of the array centre element in 7×3 element arrays with and without the H-shaped DGS are simulated, and the results agree with those obtained by the waveguide simulator method.
Validity and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements obtained from digital photographs of analogue headfilms. (2007)

54 out of 63 measurements were determined to have clinically acceptable reproducibility in the acetate tracing group as well as 46 out of 63 in the digital photography group. The worst reproducibility was determined for measurements dependent on landmarks of incisors and poorly defined outlines, majority of them being angular measurements. Validity was acceptable for all measurements, and although statistically significant differences between methods existed for as many as 15 parameters, they appeared to be clinically insignificant being smaller than 1 unit of measurement. Validity was acceptable for 59 of 63 measurements obtained from digital photographs, substantiating the use of digital photography for headfilm capture and computer-aided cephalometric analysis.