gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Modulates the Flk-1/KDR Receptor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, and Components of Focal Adhesion in Kaposi’s Sarcoma Cells (1998)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) spindle cell growth and spread have been reported to be modulated by various cytokines as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene product Tat. Recently, HIV-1 Tat has been shown to act like a cytokine and bind to the Flk-1/KDR receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), which is expressed by KS cells. We have characterized signal transduction pathways stimulated by HIV-1 Tat upon its binding to surface receptors on KS cells. We observed that stimulation in KS 38 spindle cells resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Flk-1/KDR receptor. We also report that HIV-1 Tat treatment enhanced the phosphorylation and association of proteins found in focal adhesions, such as the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase RAFTK, paxillin, and p130(cas). Further characterization revealed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and Src kinase. HIV-1 Tat contains a basic domain which can interact with growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors and a classical RGD sequence which may bind to and activate the surface integrin receptors for fibronectin and vitronectin. We observed that stimulation of KS cells with basic as well as RGD sequence-containing Tat peptides resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of RAFTK and activation of MAP kinase. These studies reveal that Tat stimulation activates a number of signal transduction pathways that are associated with cell growth and migration.
Purification and partial characterization of an L-amino acid oxidase from bushmaster snake (Surucucu Pico de Jaca) Lachesis muta muta venom. (1991)

1. L-amino acid oxidase (L-AO) from the venom of Lachesis muta muta was purified 72 times (38%) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. 2. The protein was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.5, immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion and isoelectric focusing. Its specific activity was 44.4 units/mg protein, using 7.5 mM L-leucine as substrate and O-dianisidine as electron donor, at pH 7.6 and 25 degrees C. The increase in absorbance at 436 nm was recorded. 3. The enzyme was characterized as a glycoprotein with an S20,w = 6.72, MW = 138,000 and pI = 5.2. It presented maxima at 389 and 460 nm and contained 2 mol of FAD per mole protein.
Toward Large-Population Face Identification in Unconstrained Videos (2014)

We investigate large-scale face identification in unconstrained videos with 1000 subjects. This problem is very challenging, and until now most studies have only considered the scenarios with a small number of subjects and videos captured in controlled laboratory environments. Our contributions in this paper are twofold. First, we set up a large-scale video database in an unconstrained environment, Celebrity-1000, with data collected from two popular video-sharing websites, YouTube and Youku, for face identification research. It contains 1000 celebrities from different countries, ~7000 videos, ~160 K tracking sequences, and ~2.4 M sampled frames. Second, we boost the efficiency of multitask joint sparse representation (MTJSR) algorithm for video-based face identification on Celebrity-1000. MTJSR is training free and can naturally integrate multiple frames of the same tracking sequence for collaborative inference, and thus is suitable for video-based face identification. We present a sparsity-induced scalable optimization method, which solves the large-scale MTJSR problem by sequentially solving a series of smaller-scale subproblems with theoretically guaranteed convergency. Extensive experiments show several orders-of-magnitude speedup with this new optimization method, and also demonstrate the superiorities of the accelerated MTJSR algorithm over several popular baseline algorithms.
Highly sensitive rapid chemiluminescent immunoassay using the DNAzyme label for signal amplification (2011)

A novel trace tag for chemiluminescent (CL) immunoassay was designed by using DNAzyme to functionalize antibody-labeled Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The trace tag showed an excellent ability to catalyze the oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide, leading to strong CL emission. By coupling the trace tag with a passive mixing accelerated immunoreaction system, a highly sensitive rapid flow-through CL immunoassay method was proposed. Using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model analyte, the capture antibody for CEA was immobilized on paramagnetic microspheres, and DNAzyme-anti-CEA antibody functionalized AuNPs were prepared as trace tag. A three-dimensional helical glass tube kept at 37 °C in a water bath was used for passively mixing immunoreagents in a two-step sandwich immunoassay, with which each immunoreaction step could be finished within 150 s. With the help of a magnet, the immunocomplex could conveniently be separated from reactants. Compared with the horseradish peroxidase-based tag, the newly designed trace tag showed obvious signal amplification due to its strong catalytic ability and high loading ratio of DNAzyme on each AuNP. The proposed method showed a linear calibration range from 0.005 to 0.5 ng mL(-1) for CEA detection with a detection limit of 4.1 pg mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and acceptable detection reproducibility. The assay results of clinical serum samples were in acceptable agreement with the reference values. The designed immunoassay system with ultrahigh sensitivity provided a programmable and low-cost approach for high-throughput clinical application.
Presenza di sostanze Benzodiazepino-simili in estratti di foglie di tabacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (2003)

Le finalità della ricerca sono rappresentate dal desiderio di chiarire le possibili utilizzazioni a fini salutistici dei singoli principi attivi presenti nelle foglie di tabacco avendo ben presenti gli efftti prodotti dai composti benzodiazepino-simili a secondo della loro capacità di interferire sui recettori centrali (attività anziolitico-sedativa e miorilassante) e su quelli periferici (steroidogenesi, proliferazione cellulare ed attività sui processi infiammatori).
Synthesis, Crystal Structure Determination, and Physical Properties of Ag<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub> (2006)

Abstract The silver iodate(VII), Ag 5 IO 6 , was obtained by reacting a stoichiometric mixture of Ag 2 O and KIO 3 , at elevated oxygen pressure, adding a small portion of distilled water. The synthesis was done at 673 K and 270 MPa of oxygen pressure. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods based on single crystal diffraction data ( $R{\bar 3}{\rm c}$ , Z = 6, a = 5.9366(1), c = 32.1471(6) Å, 323 independent reflections, R 1 = 2.31 %). According to conductivity measurements, Ag 5 IO 6 is semiconducting with a specific resistance of 0.08 Ωcm at 300 K. The activation energy was determined as 7.4(1) meV in the temperature range of 220 – 300 K, and 4.3(1) meV in the temperature range of 90 – 180 K. The optical band gap for Ag 5 IO 6 is 1.4 eV. Ag 5 IO 6 is diamagnetic with a magnetic susceptibility of −4.4×10 −4 emu/mol.
Long-term Care (1995)

Long-term care (LTC) expenditures have continued to increase, with the bulk of public LTC expenditures continuing to go toward nursing home care. Recently, however, there has been a move toward greater diversification of LTC, in spectrum of both clientele and care modality, with a concomitant change in the nature and role of the nursing home as the touchstone of LTC. Long-term care has come to include both an acute component (sometimes called "subacute care" or "postacute care"), which effectively provides the care formerly offered in hospitals, and the more traditional chronic component, which includes both medical and social services. As the name implies, subacute care has a shorter time frame and serves patients who are expected to recuperate or die, while the more chronic form provides more sustained supportive services. Specific phenomena include invigorated postacute care, socially oriented approaches to meeting chronic LTC needs at home or in residential settings,
Ultralow transmission loss in inhibited-coupling guiding hollow fibers (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Attenuation in photonic bandgap guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) has not beaten the fundamental silica Rayleigh scattering limit (SRSL) of conventional step-index fibers due to strong core-cladding optical overlap, surface roughness at the silica cladding struts, and the presence of interface modes. Hope has been revived recently by the introduction of hypocycloid core contour (i.e., negative curvature) in inhibited-coupling guiding HC-PCF. We report on several fibers with a hypocycloid core contour and a cladding structure made of a single ring from a tubular amorphous lattice, including one with a record transmission loss of 7.7&nbsp;dB/km at&nbsp;&sim;750&thinsp;&thinsp;nm&sim;750&thinsp;&thinsp;nm&nbsp;(only a factor&nbsp;&sim;2&sim;2&nbsp;above the SRSL) and a second with an ultrabroad fundamental band with loss in the range of 10&ndash;20&nbsp;dB/km, spanning from 600 to 1200&nbsp;nm. The reduction in confinement loss makes these fibers serious contenders for light transmission below the SRSL in the UV&ndash;VIS&ndash;NIR spectral range and could find application in high-energy pulse laser beam delivery or gas-based coherent and nonlinear optics.&lt;/p&gt;
Differently sized native milk fat globules separated by microfiltration: fatty acid composition of the milk fat globule membrane and triglyceride core (2005)

The aim of this study was to characterize the fatty acid composition of the core and membrane of differently sized milk fat globules separated by microfiltration, which can now be used to manufacture dairy products. Native milk fat globules of various mean diameters, ranging from d43 = 2.3 µm to 8.0 µm, were obtained using microfiltration of raw whole milk. After milk fat globule washing, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and the triglyceride core (TC) were separated by manual churning. After total lipid extraction from each fraction, their fatty acid composition was characterized using methyl ester analysis by gas chromatography. Regardless of season, no significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of the MFGM phospholipids. Conversely, significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of TC; particularly, small fat globule TC contained more medium-chain fatty acids and less stearic acid than large fat globule TC. These results show that the previously observed differences in total fatty acid composition among differently sized milk fat globules are due to their triglyceride composition and MFGM amount rather than to the composition of the MFGM.
The Thioredoxin-1 Inhibitor 1-Methylpropyl 2-Imidazolyl Disulfide (PX-12) Decreases Vascular Permeability in Tumor Xenografts Monitored by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2005)

The rapid decrease in tumor vascular permeability caused by PX-12 administration coincided with a decrease in tumor redox active Trx-1 and preceded a decrease in VEGF. DCE-MRI responses to PX-12 in patients of Trx-1 inhibition at early time points and decreased VEGF at later times, may be useful to follow tumor response and even therapeutic benefit.
Tunable Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor by Using Thiolated Ligand Conjugation on MoS<sub>2</sub> (2014)

One of the most important issues in the development of gas sensors for breath analysis is the fabrication of gas sensor arrays that possess different responses for recognizing patterns for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we develop a high-performance chemiresistor with a tunable sensor response and high sensitivity for representative VOC groups by using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and by conjugating a thiolated ligand (mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)) to MoS2 surface. Primitive and MUA-conjugated MoS2 sensing channels exhibit distinctly different sensor responses toward VOCs. In particular, the primitive MoS2 sensor presents positive responses for oxygen-functionalized VOCs, while the MUA-conjugated MoS2 sensor presents negative responses for the same analytes. Such characteristic sensor responses demonstrate that ligand conjugation successfully adds functionality to a MoS2 matrix. Thus, this will be a promising approach to constructing a versatile sensor array, by conjugating a wide variety of thiolated ligands on the MoS2 surface. Furthermore, these MoS2 sensors in this study exhibit high sensitivity to representative VOCs down to a concentration of 1 ppm. This approach to fabricating a tunable and sensitive VOC sensor may lead to a valuable real-world application for lung cancer diagnosis by breath analysis.
Intraoperative detection of blood vessels with an imaging needle during neurosurgery in humans (2018)

Intracranial hemorrhage can be a devastating complication associated with needle biopsies of the brain. Hemorrhage can occur to vessels located adjacent to the biopsy needle as tissue is aspirated into the needle and removed. No intraoperative technology exists to reliably identify blood vessels that are at risk of damage. To address this problem, we developed an "imaging needle" that can visualize nearby blood vessels in real time. The imaging needle contains a miniaturized optical coherence tomography probe that allows differentiation of blood flow and tissue. In 11 patients, we were able to intraoperatively detect blood vessels (diameter, >500 μm) with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 97.7%. This is the first reported use of an optical coherence tomography needle probe in human brain in vivo. These results suggest that imaging needles may serve as a valuable tool in a range of neurosurgical needle interventions.
GaInAs/InP selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for one-step-grown buried low-dimensional structures (1990)

The selective area epitaxy of GaInAs/InP layers grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy through SiO2 patterned masks was investigated. The layers are found to develop mesa structures limited by {111} and (100) facets outside of the opened mask, and perfect selective epitaxy is obtained. The absence of GaInAs growth on {111} facets allows the fabrication of very narrow buried GaInAs layers in a single growth step. For both materials, the growth rates are found to depend strongly on the mask geometry owing to surface diffusion of the reactant species from the no- or low-growth SiO2 mask and {111} facets toward (100) surfaces. A detailed quantitative analysis is made to identify the critical parameters that control the growth behavior, and a model is described from which the upper limit of the growth rates for any mask design can be calculated. Low-temperature cathodoluminescence measurements show strong emission of the buried GaxIn1−xAs layers and indicate local stoichiometry variations Δx≂±5% around the x=47% lattice-matched composition that are attributed to different diffusion coefficients of the reactant species on the SiO2 mask and {111} facets. The results show that selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is a promising technique for the fabrication of one-step-grown buried quantum-well wire arrays and narrow cavity InP-based buried lasers.
Optical and Electrical Properties Evolution of Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films with Deposition Temperature (2009)

Optical and electrical properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by pulsed laser ablation of graphite target at different substrate temperatures are reported. By varying the deposition temperature from 400 to 25° C, the film optical transparency and electrical resistivity increase severely. Most importantly, the transparency and resistivity properties of the DLC films can be tailored to approaching diamond by adjusting the deposition temperature, which is critical to many applications. DLC films deposited at low temperatures show excellent optical transmittance and high resistivity. Over the same temperature regime an increase of the sp3 bonded C content is observed using visible Raman spectroscopy, which is responsible for the enhanced transparency and resistivity properties.
THE RESISTANCE RESPONSE OF SOLANUM HUAYLASENSE ACCESSION LA1358 TO MELOIDOGYNE SPP. (2010)

Cortada, L., P. Manzano, F. J. Sorribas, C. Ornat, and S. Verdejo-Lucas. 2010. The resistance response of Solanum huaylasense accession LA1358 to Meloidogyne spp. Nematropica 40:31-40. Pathogenicity tests were performed to determine resistance in the wild tomato Solanum huaylasense to four populations of Meloidogyne spp. The S. huaylasense accession LA1358, the root-knot nematode resistant tomato cultivar 'Anairis' and the susceptible tomato cultivar 'Bodar' were assessed against three Mi-avirulent populations of either Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita or M. javanica, and to one naturally Mi-virulent population of M. javanica. The relationship between the final and initial population, calculated as the number of eggs per plant (final population) divided by the initial juvenile inoculum, was used as the dependent variable to determine variability in the reproduction of the four Meloidogyne populations tested. Reproduction of M. arenaria was similar on S. huaylasense accession LA1358 and cultivar 'Anairis'. Reproduction of M. incognita on accession LA1358 did not differ statistically from the resistant or susceptible tomato cultivars. Reproduction of the Mi-avirulent population of M. javanica on accession LA1358 did not differ from the susceptible cultivar 'Bodar', and the Mi-virulent M. javanica population reproduced similarly on accession LA1358 and both cultivars. This is the first report on a nematode-species specific resistance in the newly described species of S. huaylasense. Identification of novel root-knot nematode resistance genes in wild Solanum species is the first step for the deployment of new resistance genes in tomato cultivars to preserve durability of plant resistance to root-knot nematodes.
Advances in feedforward neural networks: demystifying knowledge acquiring black boxes (1996)

We survey research of recent years on the supervised training of feedforward neural networks. The goal is to expose how the networks work, how to engineer them so they can learn data with less extraneous noise, how to train them efficiently, and how to assure that the training is valid. The scope covers gradient descent and polynomial line search, from backpropagation through conjugate gradients and quasi Newton methods. There is a consensus among researchers that adaptive step gains (learning rates) can stabilize and accelerate convergence and that a good starting weight set improves both the training speed and the learning quality. The training problem includes both the design of a network function and the fitting of the function to a set of input and output data points by computing a set of coefficient weights. The form of the function can be adjusted by adjoining new neurons and pruning existing ones and setting other parameters such as biases and exponential rates. Our exposition reveals several useful results that are readily implementable.
Transport Spectroscopy of Single Phosphorus Donors in a Silicon Nanoscale Transistor (2009)

We have developed nanoscale double-gated field-effect-transistors for the study of electron states and transport properties of single deliberately implanted phosphorus donors. The devices provide a high-level of control of key parameters required for potential applications in nanoelectronics. For the donors, we resolve transitions corresponding to two charge states successively occupied by spin down and spin up electrons. The charging energies and the Lande g-factors are consistent with expectations for donors in gated nanostructures.
Realisation of silicon based dielectrics anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) on InP by photochemical deposition (2002)

A basic dielectric waveguide structure (anti-resonant reflexion optical waveguide) has been studied and fabricated directly on InP. The use of photo-assisted deposition techniques has allowed us to taylor the structural properties of each deposited film. The resulting ARROW structure has many applications including optical directional couplers.
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in o/w Injectable Emulsions by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection Using 4-(N,N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-N-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. (1999)

HPLC using the fluorescent reagent, 4-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-N-piperazino-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ) was applied to the determination of free fatty acids in an o/w injectable emulsion. This fluorescence HPLC method was highly sensitive and the free fatty acids could be directly derivatized without any previous preparation such as solvent extraction and elimination of water. In addition, the derivatized fatty acids could be adequately separated from interfering peaks, i.e., reagent and by-product peaks.The detection limit of this HPLC method was ca. 5 fmol in the case of C18 : 0 fatty acid. The mean recovery of 2.5 nmol of each fatty acid (C8 : 0, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0) added to the o/w injectable emulsion was 101.6% (n=3). This fluorescence HPLC method with DBD-PZ was applied to commercial nonaqueous injection preparations to study their stability, and each free fatty acid in these preparations could be determined successfully. These results indicate that the proposed fluorescence HPLC method can be adequately used for the determination of free fatty acids in an o/w injectable emulsion.
Force control for spring-mass walking and running (2010)

We demonstrate in simulation that active force control applied to a passive spring-mass model for walking and running attenuates disturbances, while maintaining the energy economy of a completely passive system during steady-state operation. It is well known that spring-mass models approximate steady-state animal running, but these passive dynamic models are sensitive to disturbances that animals are able to accommodate. Active control can be used to add robustness to spring-mass walking and running, and most existing controllers add a fixed amount of energy to the system based on information from previous strides. Because spring-mass models are schematically similar to force control actuators, it is convenient to combine the two concepts in a single system. We show, in simulation, that the resulting system can attenuate sudden disturbances during a single stance phase by matching its toe force profile to that of the undisturbed spring-mass model.
Semantic Annotation and Retrieval of Music and Sound Effects (2008)

We present a computer audition system that can both annotate novel audio tracks with semantically meaningful words and retrieve relevant tracks from a database of unlabeled audio content given a text-based query. We consider the related tasks of content-based audio annotation and retrieval as one supervised multiclass, multilabel problem in which we model the joint probability of acoustic features and words. We collect a data set of 1700 human-generated annotations that describe 500 Western popular music tracks. For each word in a vocabulary, we use this data to train a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) over an audio feature space. We estimate the parameters of the model using the weighted mixture hierarchies expectation maximization algorithm. This algorithm is more scalable to large data sets and produces better density estimates than standard parameter estimation techniques. The quality of the music annotations produced by our system is comparable with the performance of humans on the same task. Our ldquoquery-by-textrdquo system can retrieve appropriate songs for a large number of musically relevant words. We also show that our audition system is general by learning a model that can annotate and retrieve sound effects.