gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apremilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with regulatory effects on innate immunity (2014)

Apremilast, an oral small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), is in development for chronic inflammatory disorders, and has shown efficacy in psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathies, and Behçet's syndrome. In March 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved apremilast for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis. The properties of apremilast were evaluated to determine its specificity, effects on intracellular signaling, gene and protein expression, and in vivo pharmacology using models of innate and adaptive immunity. Apremilast inhibited PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families (A1A, B1, B2, C1, and D2), with IC50 values in the range of 10 to 100 nM. Apremilast did not significantly inhibit other PDEs, kinases, enzymes, or receptors. While both apremilast and thalidomide share a phthalimide ring structure, apremilast lacks the glutarimide ring and thus fails to bind to cereblon, the target of thalidomide action. In monocytes and T cells, apremilast elevated intracellular cAMP and induced phosphorylation of the protein kinase A substrates CREB and activating transcription factor-1 while inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity, resulting in both up- and down-regulation of several genes induced via TLR4. Apremilast reduced interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inhibited T-cell cytokine production, but had little effect on B-cell immunoglobulin secretion. In a transgenic T-cell and B-cell transfer murine model, apremilast (5mg/kg/day p.o.) did not affect clonal expansion of either T or B cells and had little or no effect on their expression of activation markers. The effect of apremilast on innate immunity was tested in the ferret lung neutrophilia model, which allows monitoring of the known PDE4 inhibitor gastrointestinal side effects (nausea and vomiting). Apremilast significantly inhibited lung neutrophilia at 1mg/kg, but did not induce significant emetic reflexes at doses <30 mg/kg. Overall, the pharmacological effects of apremilast are consistent with those of a targeted PDE4 inhibitor, with selective effects on innate immune responses and a wide therapeutic index compared to its gastrointestinal side effects.
Inhibition of interleukin-10 on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human mesangial cells mediated by a decreased activity of nuclear factor kappaB (1999)

rhIL-1beta- induced CD54 protein expression in human mesangial cells was inhibited by 20 ng·L~(-1) rhIL-10. The inhibitory effect of rhIL-10 could last 36 hours after rhIL-1beta was added. rhIL-10 could also inhibit CD54 gene expression and nuclear factor kappaB activity induced by rhIL-1beta.
Microwave Remote Sensing of Planetary Atmospheres: From Staelin and Barrett to the Nasa Juno Mission (2008)

Early seminal contributions by Staelin helped initiate the field of microwave remote sensing as a key tool for the study of planetary atmospheres. Recent studies of the microwave emission from the neutral atmosphere of Venus have been used to identify the abundance and spatial distribution of microwave absorbing constituents such as sulfuric acid vapor and sulfur dioxide. A new mission to Jupiter, called Juno, will employ a six-channel microwave radiometer to measure the abundance and distribution of ammonia and water vapor in the Jovian atmosphere.
Dogs aren’t jealous – they are just asking for accurate information (2018)

Awake fMRI offers us a unique opportunity to view and understand how dogs see the world and use the information in it. Given the limitations of behavioral assays and the small sample sizes inherent in these studies, labeling of patterns of canine behaviors using pop psychology terms may actually interfere with our understanding of canine brains and obscure for us a more parsimonious but exciting interpretation of canine behavior. We should use this window into how dogs think wisely.
Active speech source localization by a dual coarse-to-fine search (2002)

Accurate and fast localization of multiple speech sound sources is a significant problem in videoconferencing systems. Based on the observation that the wavelengths of the sound from a speech source are comparable to the dimensions of the space being searched, and that the source is broadband, we develop an efficient search strategy that finds the source(s) in a given space. The search is made efficient by using coarse-to-fine strategies in both space and frequency. The algorithm is shown to be robust compared to typical delay-based estimators and fast enough for real-time implementation. Its performance can be further improved by using constraints from computer vision.
New biphenol-based, fine-tunable monodentate phosphoramidite ligands for catalytic asymmetric transformations (2004)

Monodentate phosphoramidite ligands have been developed based on enantiopure 6,6'-dimethylbiphenols with axial chirality. These chiral ligands are easy to prepare and flexible for modifications. The fine-tuning capability of these ligands plays a significant role in achieving high enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydroformylation of allyl cyanide and the conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cycloalkenones.
Enzymatic Preparation of <i>N</i>-Substituted 4-<i>O</i>-α-<scp>d</scp>-Glucopyranosylmoranoline Derivatives (1989)

A transglycosylation reaction with A-substituted moranolines was carried out with soluble starch as the glucose donor and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase [EC 2.4.1.19] from Bacillus stear other-mophilus, the degree of A-substituted moranolines that were converted to transglycosylation products being within the range of 60~81%. The resultant transglycosylation products were hydrolyzed by glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3] from Rhizopus niveus, and the degree of A-substituted moranolines that were converted to A-substituted 4–0-α-d-glucopyranosylmoranolines was within the range of 53 ~ 72 %. The inhibitory activities of A-substituted 4–0-α-d-glucopyranosyImoranolines against cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase were greater than those of the corresponding ^-substituted moranolines, and N-substituted 4-O-α-d-glucopyranosylmoranolines lost the inhibitory activities against glucoamylase. Among these A^-substituted 4–0-α-d-glucopyranosylmoranolines, the A-methyl derivative was a very potent inhibitor.
Infectious Diseases and Immunizations (1982)

Many significant advances were made during the 1970s in the field of infectious diseases. Laboratory and clinical research provided new diagnostic methods for hepatitis A and B, almost complete elimination of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, improved antibiotics, identification of rotaviruses as causes of infant diarrhea, recognition of chlamydial infections as important genital and congenital infections, the association of the Epstein-Barr virus with several types of malignancies, and the identification of the cause of Legionnaires' disease. Immunization programs resulted in the eradication of smallpox throughout the world; extremely reduced levels of measles and German measles in the United States; only rare cases of polio; new meningococcal, mumps, and pneumococcal vaccines; and a highly potent rabies vaccine. These important research findings were made available to practicing physicians and have resulted in important improvements in the health care and prevention of disease in the United States. Prospects for the 1980s are extremely good. With continued research efforts, progress should be made in the development of new diagnostic tests as well as in methods for treatment or prevention of a number of diseases.t
Imaging of CTLA4 Blockade–Induced Cell Replication with <sup>18</sup>F-FLT PET in Patients with Advanced Melanoma Treated with Tremelimumab (2010)

Molecular imaging with the PET probe (18)F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Binding sites of salivary statherin for Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant fimbrillin (1996)

We investigated the binding sites of salivary statherin involved in the interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant fimbrillin (r-Fim). Synthetic peptides representing statherin analogs were used to localize the binding domains of statherin. Peptide F4 (residues 29 to 43) significantly bound to r-Fim and inhibited r-Fim binding to statherin-coated hydroxyapatite beads. Successive peptides in which pairs of amino acid residues were deleted starting at the N terminus of peptide F4 were synthesized. Peptide N1 without Leu-29-Tyr-30 had significantly reduced direct binding and inhibition ability. The deletions of residues 31 to 40 had little effect on interaction with r-Fim. The tripeptide N6 representing Tyr-41-Thr-42-Phe-43 retained significant binding to r-Fim. Another set of peptides was synthesized by deleting individual amino acid residues from the C and N termini of peptide F4 to identify functional residues among the five putative functional residues 29, 30, and 41 to 43. Peptide C1 missing Phe-43 lost over 50% of its binding ability. Binding ability was gradually reduced with deletions from the peptides. Peptide C5 (amino acids 31 to 40) weakly affected direct binding and inhibition. Collectively, the results of this study suggests that Leu-29-Tyr-30 and Tyr-41-Thr-42-Phe-43 are important binding regions that mediate the binding of statherin to P. gingivalis fimbrillin.
STRUCTURE OF BRIDGMAN'S BLACK CARBON DISULPHIDE (1960)

The infrared spectrum of black carbon disulphide dispersed in a potassium bromide disk has been examined. The blackness and the infrared spectrum are consistent with its being a linear polymer, —(C==S.S) n .
Industrial characterization of scatterometry for advanced APC of 65 nm CMOS logic gate patterning (2008)

CMOS 65nm technology node requires the introduction of advanced materials for critical patterning operations. The study is focused on the multilayer Anti Reflective Coating (ARC) stack, used in photolithography, for the gate patterning such as Advanced Patterning Film (APF). The interest on this new and complex ARC stack lies in the benefit to guarantee low CD dispersion thanks to a better reflectivity control and resist budget which leads to a larger lithographic process window. However, it implies numerous metrology challenges. The paper deals with the challenges of monitoring the gate Critical Dimension (CD) on this stack. The validation of the scatterometry model versus stack thicknesses and indexes variations, through experiments, is also described. The final result is the complete characterization of the materials for thickness and scatterometry CD control, for photo feedback and for etch feed-forward deployment in an industrial mode. The analysis shows that scatterometry measurements on a standard 65 nm gate process ensure a better effectiveness than the CD Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ones when injected in the Advanced Process Control (APC) system from photo to etch.
An integrated level shifter for use in high frequency half-bridges (1996)

Increasing the operating frequency of switch-mode power conversion circuits is desirable as it permits a higher power density, primarily through the reduction in the size of filter components. The half-bridge is a popular topology for converters though difficulties are encountered when operating at high supply voltages and high frequencies due to the floating high-side power switch. This paper describes the operation, design and analysis of an electronic integrated level shifter enabling operation of off-line half-bridges in the multi-megahertz range.
<b> <i>Retracted:</i> </b> <i>PHOX2B</i> Is Associated with Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation (2016)

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals (CBR) officially retracts the article entitled, “PHOX2B Is Associated with Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation,” by Liqun Yang, Xiao-Xue Ke, Fan Xuan, Juan Tan, Jianbing Hou, Mei Wang, Hongjuan Cui, and Yundong Zhang (Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016;31(2):44–51; doi: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1952). Readers are advised that the CBR editorial office received a request via email from the first author, Dr. Liqun Yang, to replace Figure 3, indicating, “This article contains some errors in figure 3. In figure 3A (RA-7d) and figure 3C, we mixed up images from different groups when we prepared the figure. Unfortunately, these mistakes were not corrected when we submitted the manuscript.” This request came after the appearance of a comment posted to the PubPeer platform.1 The publisher of the journal made several attempts to contact the authors' institutions to inquire about the veracity of the study and the claimed error, and though a reply was eventually received, it did not appear to be official institutional documentation and was not signed by an institutional official's name but rather only by the institutional name, nor did it provide a comprehensive defensible explanation, rendering it unacceptable (see Fig. R1). The Publisher responded to all authors and to the sender of the “declaration” by stating that the document was not admissible and that the article would be officially retracted. No further response or rebuttal was received. FIG. R1. Insufficient declaration letter received by Editor and publisher. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals is committed to upholding the rigorous standards of scientific publishing and the veracity of the literature. Reference 1. Actinopolyspora biskrensis.https://pubpeer.com/publications/C4F159C77D012DDDB38D6B930B12AA?utm_source=Chrome&utm_medium=BrowserExtension&utm_campaign=Chrome
Development of Intelligent Unmanned Systems (2011)

Abstract : This final report describes the technologies designed and developed by the University of Florida (UF) in support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). An off road vehicle (Fig. 1) and a hybrid Toyota Highlander (Fig. 2) have been automated and instrumented with pose estimation (GPS and inertial) and object detection (ranging (LADAR), vision and light detection) sensors. The control architecture consists of four primary elements, i.e. Planning Element, Perception Element, Intelligence Element, and Control Element. The architecture is implemented on a system distributed over ten single-board computers that intercommunicate via the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) version 3.2 protocol.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON OTOSCLEROSIS (1948)

SINCE Lempert's<sup>1</sup>original article appeared, in July 1938, describing a one stage operation that gave surgical relief from deafness in a majority of cases, a new interest has been initiated in regard to the problem of otosclerosis. While most of the interest has been in the field of improving the results of the surgical technic, this new focus of attention on the disease has also uncovered many adjacent fields of study. Not the least of these is that of the relationship of pregnancy to this type of hearing loss. Nager's<sup>2</sup>observations are almost classic. He studied the histories of 1,146 cases of otosclerosis and many sections of temporal bones. Some of his findings were: Otosclerosis occurs in 10 per cent of all adults (histologically), but only a small portion of these show it symptomatically (poor hearing). The sex ratio of clinical otosclerosis is 1 male to 1.8 females. In
Self-Organization of a Module Structured Machine (1992)

Title: Self-Organization of a Module Structured Machine | Keywords: self organization, fault tolerance, reconfiguration,module structure, distributed control, autonomous system | Author: Shigeru Kokaji, Satoshi Murata, Haruhisa Kurokawa and Akio Suzuki
Controllable growth of shaped graphene domains by atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (2011)

Graphene domains in different shapes have been grown on copper substrates viaatmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition by controlling the growth process parameters. Under stabilized conditions, graphene domains tend to be six-fold symmetric hexagons under low flow rate methane with some domains in an irregular hexagonal shape. After further varying the growth duration, methane flow rate, and temperature, graphene domains have developed shapes from hexagon to shovel and dendrite. Two connecting modes, through overlap and merging of adjacent graphene domains, are proposed.
Urethral Reconstruction Using the Carbon Dioxide Laser: An Experimental Evaluation (1989)

In an effort to test the efficacy of the carbon dioxide laser in urethral reconstruction, patch graft urethroplasty was carried out comparing laser repair to microsurgical repair. The male Sprague Dawley rat was used as the model. An oval defect was created in the ventral urethra in 65 animals and repaired with a full thickness preputial skin graft conventional microsurgical repair, laser assisted microsurgical repair, or laser repair with a protein solder. The success rate, defined as the number of animals surviving without complications at the end of 21 days, was 50, 20, and 65% respectively. In conclusion, laser assisted repair using the protein solder was significantly better than microsurgical repair (p less than 0.05).
Nb/Nb oxide/Pb-alloy Josephson tunnel junctions (1981)

A procedure is described for fabricating thin film Nb/Nb oxide/Pb-alloy Josephson tunnel junctions that satisfies the principal requirements for integrated circuit design and fabrication. A deposited Nb film, evaporated from an e-gun heated source, was patterned by chemical etching to form a base electrode. A junction was completed by plasma etching and plasma oxidizing the Nb junction area to form a tunnel barrier and by depositing a Pb alloy counterelectrode. Josephson tunnel junctions with Nb/Nb oxide/Pb-Au-In structures were prepared with low excess subgap currents in the current-voltage (I-V) curve and with reproducible and stable I-V characteristics. Variations in junction current density from run-run were ± 15%. Seven 3-junction interferomeeters out of a population of 50,000 were shorted (99.99% yield) for causes not immediately attributable to photoresist-related defects. No changes in Josephson current were detected after thermal cycling 17,000 interferometers 1,800 × between room temperature and 4.2°K, after storing them for 2 years at 5°C, or after annealing 5,000 interferometers for 4.5 hours at 70°C.
Natural Products as Tools for Neuroscience: Discovery and Development of Novel Agents to Treat Drug Abuse (2008)

Much of what we know about the neurosciences is the direct result of studying psychoactive natural products. Unfortunately, there are many gaps in our understanding of the basic biological processes that contribute to the etiology of many CNS disorders. The investigation of psychoactive natural products offers an excellent approach to identify novel agents to treat CNS disorders and to find new chemical tools to better elucidate their biological mechanisms. This review will detail recent progress in a program directed toward investigating psychoactive natural products with the goal of treating drug abuse by targeting kappa opioid receptors.
Developing the Right Public Health Strategies for Folic Acid and Reduction of Risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) in the United Kingdom (2015)

The UK urgently needs a public health strategy for NTD reduction, which could include the use of food supplements, food fortification or a combination of both. An updated nutritional benefit-risk analysis is needed to inform population-based and/or targeted public health policies for folic acid intake and reduction of risk of neural tube defects. Policymakers should be cautious about the long-term exposure of the population as a whole to additional folic acid, especially potential adverse effects on the nervous system and brain function in older people, and higher levels of intake during infancy and childhood. The European-wide authorised health claim for folic acid food supplements and reduced risk of NTDs could transform the communication of the health benefits for women of childbearing age. Vitamin B12 deficiency may be an independent risk factor for NTDs, in which case dietary interventions with folic acid combined with vitamin B12 need to be considered.
A HIGH-RANGE-RESOLUTION RADAR: INTERIM REPORT. (1967)

Basic components have been developed for a radar system with highly versatile wave-form capability. The power amplifier has a 600-Mc/s bandwidth centered at 3.2 Gc/s, prf to 30 kc/s, pulse lengths to 80 microseconds with duty-cycle upper limit of 0.03, and a short-time phase stability of 0.01 second. The first signal form to be implemented with the test model has been completed. (Author)
Decimation-Whitening Filter in Spectral Band Replication (2011)

MPEG-4 High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) has adopted spectral band replication (SBR) to efficiently compress the high-frequency part of the audio. In SBR, linear prediction is applied to low-frequency subbands to suppress tonal components and smooth the associated spectra for replicating to high-frequency bands. Such a tone-suppressing process is referred to as whitening filtering. In SBR, to avoid the alias artifact incurred by spectral adjustment, a complex filterbank instead of real filterbank is adopted. For QMF subbands, this paper demonstrates that the linear prediction defined in the SBR standard results in a predictive bias. A new whitening filter, called the decimation-whitening filter, is proposed to eliminate the predictive bias and provide advantages in terms of noise-to-signal ratio measure, frequency resolution, energy leakage, and computational complexity for SBR.
Wet and Dry Adhesion Properties of Self‐Selective Nanowire Connectors (2009)

Abstract Here, the wet and dry adhesion properties of hybrid Ge/parylene nanowire (NW) connectors are examined. The ability of the NW connectors to bind strongly even under lubricating conditions, such as mineral oil, sheds light on the dominant role of van der Waals interactions in the observed adhesion. The superhydrophobic surface of the NW connectors enables the wet, self‐cleaning of contaminant particles from the surface, similar to the lotus effect. In addition, the effect of NW length on the shear adhesion strength, repeated usability, and robustness of the connectors, all critical properties for applications that require reversible binding of components, is examined.