gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Automatic Left Atrium Segmentation From Late Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Dual Fully Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of cardiac arrhythmia. Current treatments for AF remain suboptimal due to a lack of understanding of the underlying atrial structures that directly sustain AF. Existing approaches for analyzing atrial structures in 3-D, especially from late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging, rely heavily on manual segmentation methods that are extremely labor-intensive and prone to errors. As a result, a robust and automated method for analyzing atrial structures in 3-D is of high interest. We have, therefore, developed AtriaNet, a 16-layer convolutional neural network (CNN), on 154 3-D LGE-MRIs with a spatial resolution of 0.625 mm ×0.625 mm ×1.25 mm from patients with AF, to automatically segment the left atrial (LA) epicardium and endocardium. AtriaNet consists of a multi-scaled, dual-pathway architecture that captures both the local atrial tissue geometry and the global positional information of LA using 13 successive convolutions and three further convolutions for merging. By utilizing computationally efficient batch prediction, AtriaNet was able to successfully process each 3-D LGE-MRI within 1 min. Furthermore, benchmarking experiments have shown that AtriaNet has outperformed the state-of-the-art CNNs, with a DICE score of 0.940 and 0.942 for the LA epicardium and endocardium, respectively, and an inter-patient variance of <0.001. The estimated LA diameter and volume computed from the automatic segmentations were accurate to within 1.59 mm and 4.01 cm<sup>3</sup> of the ground truths. Our proposed CNN was tested on the largest known data set for LA segmentation, and to the best of our knowledge, it is the most robust approach that has ever been developed for segmenting LGE-MRIs. The increased accuracy of atrial reconstruction and analysis could potentially improve the understanding and treatment of AF.
Towards real-time simulation of construction activities considering spatio-temporal resolution requirements for improving safety and productivity (2011)

Traditional simulation models use statistical data to estimate task durations. However, to make the simulation results more realistic and reflecting the changes during the task execution, real-time simulation has been suggested by several researchers. On the other hand, little consideration is given to spatio-temporal constraints in simulation models. Several spatial modeling methods, such as maps, grids and 3D models, have been used in construction simulation. However, different resolutions of spatio-temporal representations should be used based on the specific requirements when considering spatio-temporal conflicts. The present paper aims to propose the basic concept of real-time simulation of construction activities considering spatio-temporal resolution requirements for improving safety and productivity. The objectives of the paper are: (1) to review real-time simulation methods of construction activities considering spatio-temporal conflicts; (2) to investigate the spatio-temporal requirements in the real-time simulation environment; and (3) to investigate the integration of simulation models at different spatio-temporal resolutions.
cis-Dihydroxylation and Epoxidation of Alkenes by Manganese Catalysts - Selectivity, Reactivity and Mechanism (2008)

Oxidation reactions are among the most elementary of organic transformations and are essential in biology, chemical industry and (synthetic organic) chemistry. Selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as cis-dihydroxylation and epoxidation of alkenes, introduces functional groups and yields useful products or intermediates which in turn can be used as building blocks for more complex chemical structures. Despite considerable advances in recent years, major challenges remain in oxidation chemistry. The need for increased atom efficiency demands the use of oxidants, which do not generate stoichiometric amounts of by-products. From an environmental and atom economy perspective, the two most desirable oxidants to use are molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Selectivity is another key issue. In order to develop a useful process, the introduction of oxygen atom(s) to the substrate should occur only at the desired position(s) in the molecule. Furthermore, the catalyst used to activate the oxidant (O2 or H2O2) should be cheap, non-toxic and robust. This thesis describes both the development of new methods for the selective and environmentally benign cis-dihydroxylation and epoxidation of alkenes and the mechanistic studies of these new processes. Since the catalyst used is based on manganese and hydrogen peroxide is employed as oxidant, this new method is a more environmentally benign alternative for the currently existing technology.
Oxine and its derivatives (1954)

Oxine and its derivatives , Oxine and its derivatives , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Characterization and use of the NSC‐34 cell line for study of neurotrophin receptor trafficking (2007)

This study addressed the suitability of the NSC-34 cell line as a motor neuron-like model for investigating neurotrophin receptor trafficking and associated subcellular processes. Initially, culture conditions were optimized for the use of NSC-34 cells in confocal microscopy. Cell surface markers, as well as markers associated with the regulated endosomal pathway thought to be associated with neurotrophin receptor transport, were identified. The study revealed the presence of a number of molecules previously not described in the literature, including the tropomyosin-like receptor kinase C (TrkC), sortilin, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the lipid raft-associated ganglioside GT1b. The presence of both sortilin and Gt1b was of special interest, insofar as these markers have been implicated in direct relationships with the p75NTR receptor. Evidence is provided for neurotrophin-dependent internalization of p75NTR and TrkB. Both nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased the rate of internalization of p75NTR, with internalization dynamics comparable to those described for other cell lines. Thus, these studies not only describe components of the regulatory process governing the trafficking of this important receptor but also clearly demonstrate the value of NSC-34 cells as a suitable motor neuron model for the study of internalization and trafficking of cell surface molecules.
The Influence of Recirculating Water Impurities on the Performance of Calcium Phosphate Inhibiting Polymers (1999)

Abstract Many factors, including pH, temperature, make-up water quality, and heat exchanger metallurgy, influence the performance of polymeric inhibitors in treating recirculating cooling water systems. The availability of good quality make-up water and the imposition of stringent wastewater discharge regulations have forced many cooling systems to operate at increasingly higher cycles of concentration. The severity of these operating conditions often results in waters that have higher scale formation potential. Presented here is information regarding the influence of impurities, such as suspended matter and metal ions, on the performance of polymeric inhibitors used in phosphate-based treatment programs.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Thick Concrete Using Advanced Signal Processing Techniques (2015)

The purpose of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is to develop technologies and other solutions that can improve the reliability, sustain the safety, and extend the operating lifetimes of nuclear power plants (NPPs) beyond 60 years [1]. Since many important safety structures in an NPP are constructed of concrete, inspection techniques must be developed and tested to evaluate the internal condition. In-service containment structures generally do not allow for the destructive measures necessary to validate the accuracy of these inspection techniques. This creates a need for comparative testing of the various nondestructive evaluation (NDE) measurement techniques on concrete specimens with known material properties, voids, internal microstructure flaws, and reinforcement locations.
Detection of murine hemopoietin-1 in media conditioned by EMT6 cells. (1987)

We have previously reported replating experiments which demonstrated the existence of subpopulations of murine high-proliferative-potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC). One population of HPP-CFC, termed HPP-CFC-1, is stimulated by the combination of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) plus hemopoietin-1 (H-1), and actively generate a second population of HPP-CFC, termed HPP-CFC-2, which is responsive to CSF-1 plus interleukin-3 (IL-3). These reclonal experiments represent an assay system that discriminates between the two types of synergistic factors, namely H-1 and IL-3. To date H-1 has only been detected in medium conditioned by human cells. In this paper we have utilized these recloning experiments to study the synergistic factor(s) present in media conditioned by the murine mammary carcinoma cell line EMT6. Colony formation in secondary cultures containing cells picked up from primary cultures incubated in CSF-1 plus EMT6-conditioned medium was identical to that seen in secondary cultures containing cells picked up from primary cultures incubated in CSF-1 plus a source of H-1. Both sets of cultures demonstrated the generation of HPP-CFC-2 in the primary cultures, indicating the presence of a molecule in EMT6-conditioned medium that is the murine equivalent of H-1.
Studies on the role of amino acids 38-45 in the expression of a functional thyrotropin receptor. (1992)

We previously reported that deletion or substitution of a unique eight-amino acid tract (residues 38-45) in the extracellular domain of the human TSH receptor led to the loss of specific ligand binding to the surface of transfected cells. In the present study we analyzed this region in more detail. Using site-directed mutagenesis of the TSH receptor cDNA, we substituted amino acid residues 38-45, either in three overlapping groups of four amino acids each or individually. The resultant TSH receptor mutant cDNAs were stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells, and the cells were tested for their TSH-binding ability. Our data demonstrate that amino acid residues 38-40 and 42-45 in this region of the human TSH receptor can be substituted without alteration in receptor function and are, therefore, not critical in forming or maintaining the TSH-binding site. However, substitution of Cys41, either alone or together with adjacent amino acids, leads to the loss of TSH binding to its receptor. These data suggest a central role for the amino acid in position 41 in preserving the biological function of the TSH receptor.
Carotid remodeling of hypertensive subjects and polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. (2004)

The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was related to IMT, but not to internal diameter, distensibility and stiffness of the carotid in Chinese hypertensive subjects. ACE gene polymorphism was a main risk factor for increased carotid IMT. These results may imply that there is a link between lipid metabolism and ACE genotype polymorphism in Chinese hypertensive subjects.
Improvement of the electrical properties of glass by lithia addition (1993)

The electrical properties of toughened glass insulators used in transmission lines are of great importance. The electrical properties of glass insulators can be improved, while maintaining low viscosities and other desirable forming properties, by the the depressing effect' (i.e., the effect of substituting alkaline-earth oxides for a part of the SiO[sub 2] when developing a glass composition). To satisfy some specific application needs, a combination of both the depressing effect and mixed-alkali effect should be considered. The common practice of the latter essentially relies on increasing the ratio of K[sub 2]O to Na[sub 2]O in the glass, which, from a theoretical standpoint, undoubtedly results in better electrical properties of the glass, but with some unfavorable impact on the viscosity of the glass which may preclude its regular use. However, previous studies have shown that the mixed-alkali effect varies with the types of ions present. In the present paper the authors report on an investigation of the substitution of Li[sub 2]O for K[sub 2]O, which increases the resistivity but maintains the low viscosity.
Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy (2005)

Sedimentology and stratigraphy are neighbors yet distinctly separate entities within the earth sciences. Sedimentology searches for the common traits of sedimentary rocks regardless of age as it reconstructs environments and processes of deposition and erosion from the sediment record. Stratigraphy, by contrast, concentrates on changes with time, on measuring time and correlating coeval events. Sequence stratigraphy straddles the boundary between the two fields. This book, dedicated to carbonate rocks, approaches sequence stratigraphy from its sedimentologic background. This book attempts to communicate by combining different specialities and different lines of reasoning, and by searching for principles underlying the bewildering diversity of carbonate rocks. It provides enough general background, in introductory chapters and appendices, to be easily digestible for sedimentologists and stratigraphers as well as earth scientists at large.
Spectral Reflectance Methodology in Comparison to Traditional Soil Analysis (2006)

Traditional soil analyses are expensive, time‐consuming, and may also result in environmental pollutants. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a methodology to measure soil attributes using spectral reflectance (SR) as an alternative to traditional methods. Tropical Brazilian soils were sampled over a 196‐ha area divided into grids. Samples ( n = 184) were obtained from the 0‐ to 20‐ and 80‐ to 100‐cm depths and georeferenced. The laboratory SR data were obtained using a Spectroradiometer (400–2 500 nm). Satellite reflectance values were sampled from corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images. Particle‐size distribution and chemical analysis (organic matter [OM], cation‐exchange capacity [CEC], total SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , sum of cations, cation, and Al saturation) were performed in the laboratory. Statistical analysis and multiple regression equations for soil attribute predictions using radiometric data were developed. Laboratory data used 22 bands and 13 “Reflectance Inflexion Differences, RID” from different wavelength intervals of the optical spectrum. However, the satellite data used only the reflectance of the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 TM‐Landsat bands. Multiple regression equations were derived from surface and subsurface soil layers. Estimations of some tropical soil attributes were possible using laboratory spectral analysis. Laboratory SR yielded high correlations with traditional laboratory analyses ( R 2 > 0.79) for the soil attributes such as clay, sand, TiO 2 , and Fe 2 O 3 Satellite spectral data correlated well with most of the soil attributes such as clay, Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 (reaching R 2 = 0.72). The use of soil analysis methodology by satellite and/or ground remote sensing constitutes an alternative to traditional routine laboratory analysis.
Real-time 3D object pose estimation and tracking for natural landmark based visual servo (2008)

A real-time solution for estimating and tracking the 3D pose of a rigid object is presented for image-based visual servo with natural landmarks. The many state-of-the-art technologies that are available for recognizing the 3D pose of an object in a natural setting are not suitable for real-time servo due to their time lags. This paper demonstrates that a real-time solution of 3D pose estimation become feasible by combining a fast tracker such as KLT [7] [8] with a method of determining the 3D coordinates of tracking points on an object at the time of SIFT based tracking point initiation, assuming that a 3D geometric model with SIFT description of an object is known a-priori. Keeping track of tracking points with KLT, removing the tracking point outliers automatically, and reinitiating the tracking points using SIFT once deteriorated, the 3D pose of an object can be estimated and tracked in real-time. This method can be applied to both mono and stereo camera based 3D pose estimation and tracking. The former guarantees higher frame rates with about 1 ms of local pose estimation, while the latter assures of more precise pose results but with about 16 ms of local pose estimation. The experimental investigations have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach with real-time performance.
MetaSpace II: Object and full-body tracking for interaction and navigation in social VR (2015)

MetaSpace II (MS2) is a social Virtual Reality (VR) system where multiple users can not only see and hear but also interact with each other, grasp and manipulate objects, walk around in space, and get tactile feedback. MS2 allows walking in physical space by tracking each user's skeleton in real-time and allows users to feel by employing passive haptics i.e., when users touch or manipulate an object in the virtual world, they simultaneously also touch or manipulate a corresponding object in the physical world. To enable these elements in VR, MS2 creates a correspondence in spatial layout and object placement by building the virtual world on top of a 3D scan of the real world. Through the association between the real and virtual world, users are able to walk freely while wearing a head-mounted device, avoid obstacles like walls and furniture, and interact with people and objects. Most current virtual reality (VR) environments are designed for a single user experience where interactions with virtual objects are mediated by hand-held input devices or hand gestures. Additionally, users are only shown a representation of their hands in VR floating in front of the camera as seen from a first person perspective. We believe, representing each user as a full-body avatar that is controlled by natural movements of the person in the real world (see Figure 1d), can greatly enhance believability and a user's sense immersion in VR.
<b>A Note on Steric Isotope Effects. Conformational Kinetic Isotope Effects in The Racemization of 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-Dimethylphenanthrene</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Note on Steric Isotope Effects. Conformational Kinetic Isotope Effects in The Racemization of 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-DimethylphenanthreneKurt. Mislow, Rolf. Graeve, Arnold J. Gordon, and George H. WahlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 8, 1199–1200Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00891a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00891a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐efficiency green‐yellow light‐emitting diodes grown on sapphire (0001) substrates (2013)

Abstract High‐efficiency green‐yellow InGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on conventional c‐plane sapphire (0001) substrates. The crystal quality of the InGaN quantum well was improved by optimizing the growth temperature and rate. Fabricated LEDs exhibited a high output power of 11.2 mW and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.5% for 560 nm green‐yellow LEDs with an injection direct current of 20 mA. The highest EQE of over 30% was achieved with an injection direct current of 3 mA at an emission wavelength of 568 nm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RNA 3' END FORMATION IN THE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION (1987)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
The Presence of a Text: The Poema del Cid (1993)

Nobody believes the claim made in our epigraph. Even if the speaker's assertions were trivial, and especially if they were not, each listener's interpretation was inevitably different from all others, depending on cultural baggage, tacit presuppositions, vagaries of common sense, experience, intelligence, perceptions of group interaction during performance-on factors innumerable and often imponderable. Yet it is most important for a presenter working before a group to achieve a consensus regarding at least some aspects of the content or the form of his presentation. Without it he loses group acceptance and fails as a performer. An aid to success is the adept integration of ritualistic elements into the presentation. Doing, even if only symbolic, does not err in the way words can err, and the familiarity of ritual, defined as repetition of acts and words in a given kind of place, and on a particular kind of occasion, by an authorized or self-authorized person, carries an audience along.' A further effective mode of narrative presentation is to depict the characters of the tale-gods or epic heroes especially-as themselves acting ritualistically. In this mode the
Quantum cascade laser open-path system for remote sensing of trace gases in Beijing, China (2010)

Exploiting several key characteristics of quantum cascade (QC) lasers, including wide tunability and room-temperature operation, the Quantum Cascade Laser Open-Path System (QCLOPS) was designed for the detection of a range of trace gases and for field deployment in urban environments. Tunability over a wavelength range from 9.3 to 9.8 µm potentially provides the capability for monitoring ozone, ammonia, and carbon dioxide, a suite of trace gases important for air quality and regional climate applications in urban environments. The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China drew attention to air quality problems in urban environments. Prior to and during the Olympic games, regional air quality modifications through factory shutdowns, car restrictions, and construction halts in Beijing and its surrounding areas created a unique test bed for new sensor technologies such as the QCLOPS sensor. We report the design of this novel, open-path air quality sensor and the results of both laboratory tests and field trials during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China.