gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal structure of electron-beam filaments (1980)

Electron beams of tW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ (\ensuremath{\sim}0.4 MeV) which are split into filaments are produced by an inductive generator which transfers field energy to beam particles in 1-10-ns pulses. Target-damage analysis reveals the composite internal structure of each filament as a sequence of concentric circles with a discontinuous pattern. The nonuniform distribution of collectively accelerated positive ions within a filament contributes to resolve the filament structure which propagates at a speed $\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{3c}{4}$ and can cross unaffected a ${10}^{3}$-G magnetic field.
Multiple topogenic sequences determine the transmembrane orientation of the hepatitis B surface antigen. (1987)

To investigate the mechanism by which complex membrane proteins achieve their correct transmembrane orientation, we examined in detail the hepatitis B surface antigen for sequences which determine its membrane topology. The results demonstrated the presence of at least two kinds of topogenic elements: an N-terminal uncleaved signal sequence and an internal element containing both signal and stop-transfer function. Fusion of reporter groups to either end of the protein suggested that both termini are translocated across the membrane bilayer. We propose that this topology is generated by the conjoint action of both elements and involves a specifically oriented membrane insertion event mediated by the internal sequence. The functional properties of each element can be instructively compared with those of simpler membrane proteins and may provide insight into the generation of other complex protein topologies.
A 40-GHz Low-Noise Amplifier With a Positive-Feedback Network in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ CMOS (2009)

A novel circuit topology for a CMOS millimeter-wave low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented in this paper. By adopting a positive-feedback network at the common-gate transistor of the input cascode stage, the small-signal gain can be effectively boosted, facilitating circuit operations at the higher frequency bands. In addition, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> ladders are utilized as the inter-stage matching for the cascaded amplifiers such that an enhanced bandwidth can be achieved. Using a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process, the proposed LNA is implemented for demonstration. At the center frequency of 40 GHz, the fabricated circuit exhibits a gain of 15 dB and a noise figure of 7.5 dB, while the return losses are better than 10 dB within the 3-dB bandwidth of 4 GHz. Operated at a 1.8-V supply, the LNA consumes a dc power of 36 mW.
Existence of Leukotoxin 9,10-Epoxy-12-Octadecenoate in Lung Lavages from Rats Breathing Pure Oxygen and from Patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1988)

Pulmonary influxed neutrophils have been suggested to be involved in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We recently revealed that a highly toxic substance, 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate, is biosynthesized by human neutrophils, thus it was named leukotoxin. Because hyperoxia-induced lung injury is a model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), this study was designed to investigate whether or not leukotoxin is involved in the genesis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity and ARDS. After exposure to hyperoxia for 60 h, rats showed acute pulmonary edema, which was evidenced by increased lung weight, albumin concentrations, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities in lung lavages. These changes were correlated with an increased number of neutrophils. We detected leukotoxin in lung lavages of rats after exposure to hyperoxia for 60 h by high performance liquid chromatography and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. After intravenous injection of leukotoxin (100 mumol/kg) to rats, acute edematous lung injury occurred showing increases in lung weight, lung lavage albumin concentrations, and lung lavage ACE activities. In the lung lavages obtained from 5 patients with ARDS, significant increases in albumin concentrations and ACE activities were observed compared with those from subjects without pulmonary disease. Moreover, considerable amounts of leukotoxin, 38.5 +/- 21.9 nmol/lung lavage, were observed in the lavages from patients with ARDS. These findings suggest that leukotoxin plays an important role in the genesis of acute edematous lung damage in pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and that leukotoxin also links with the development of lung injury observed in patients with ARDS.
Uronema trentonense sp. nov. (Chlorophycophyta, Ulotrichales): a new edaphic alga from New Jersey (1978)

AbstractA new species of Uronema isolated from New Jersey soils is described. The apical cell of the unbranched filament of U. trentonense is consistently pointed and a holdfast is invariably formed at the basal cell. The apical cell shows varying degrees of acumination and the holdfast exhibits several morphological forms.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Wave Dynamics of a Dual-Chamber OWC Wave Energy Device (2019)

Abstract Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy device is one of the most studied and applied wave energy converters (WECs). The survivability of WECs is a major concern in the OWC design. In this study, the wave dynamics of a dual-chamber OWC device is numerically and experimentally investigated. The experimental tests were carried out in the wave-current flume at the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. A fully nonlinear numerical wave flume based on potential-flow theory and time-domain higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is developed and applied to simulate the interaction between air, wave and the dual-chamber OWC device. The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulated wave induced pressure on the barrier walls with the measurements. Then the wave forces and the moment on the device is numerically investigated. The model and experimental results indicate that the horizontal wave force on the front barrier wall is much larger than that on the internal barrier wall. The joint between the back wall and the ground withstands the largest bending moment, therefore, is most vulnerable to structure damage and fatigue.
Synthesis and C-25 chirality of 26-hydroxycholesterols (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and C-25 chirality of 26-hydroxycholesterolsRavi K. Varma, Masato Koreeda, Boris Yagen, Koji Nakanishi, and Eliahu CaspiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 25, 3680–3686Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00913a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00913a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Cross-Reaction Between 1-Methoxycarbonyl-1-Methylethyl and 1-Butoxycarbonyl-1-Methylethyl: Simultaneous Generation of Unlike Radicals From an Unsymmetrical Azo Precursor (1987)

The title radicals (1a) and (1b) were generated simultaneously by thermolysis of the unsymmetrical diazene, butyl methyl azoisobutyrate (2d). In the presence of the radical scavenger 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (4) the products of the geminate cross-reaction show that 45% of radical pairs react by combination and 55% by disproportionation. The disproportionation reaction shows a slight preference for hydrogen transfer from the butyl ester (lb) to the methyl ester (la) radical. In the absence of scavenger (4), the encounter reactions of the two radicals show a slight preference for the cross-reaction over the two self-reactions which is most likely largely due to the imbalance in radical concentrations caused by the greater reactivity toward addition to olefins of the methyl ester radical.
The Role of Somatic and Germline Mutations in Aging and a Mutation Interaction Model of Aging (2003)

Mutations with a deleterious effect that is expressed after the average reproductive period are not effectively selected against and can accumulate in the germline. A conservative estimate is that at least 1-2% of new deleterious mutations affect some aspect of DNA replication, repair, or chromosome segregation. Since deleterious mutations can have an effect even as heterozygotes, this mutation accumulation can create an inherited background of late-acting mutations that themselves enhance mutation rate. This can have an interactive effect, in that it may increase the rate of somatic mutation during an individual's lifetime. The aging individual therefore becomes increasingly mosaic for somatic mutations, which in turn could potentially contribute to the gradual deterioration of biological processes and influence what we experience as senescence. Interventions that reduce somatic and germ cell mutations should, therefore, reduce the aging process in present and future generations.
4‐Bromomethyl‐2‐chlorooxazole — A Versatile Oxazole Cross‐Coupling Unit for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Oxazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
TNO onderzoekt informatiebehoefte verschillende arbo-professionals. ‘Wij willen digitaal informatieplatform met thematische dossiers’ (2011)

Koenen Baak en Partners heeft in opdracht van TNO Kwaliteit van Leven een onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de informatiebehoeften van arbo-deskundigen. TNO gebruikt de uitkomsten van dit onderzoek voor een SZW-project voor de verbetering van de kwaliteit van het handelen van arbo-deskundigen. Een samenvatting van dit interessante rapport, voorzien van veel citaten en feedback van een collega-arbo-deskundigen.
An implemented architecture of deblocking filter for H.264/AVC (2005)

H.264/AVC is a new international standard for the compression of natural video images, in which a deblocking filter has been adopted to remove blocking artifacts. We propose an efficient processing order for the deblocking filter, and present the VLSI architecture according to the order. Making good use of data dependence between neighboring 4/spl times/4 blocks, our design reduces the requirement of on-chip SRAM bandwidth and increases the throughput of the filter processing. The architecture has been described in Verilog HDL, simulated with VCS and synthesized using 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS cells library by Synopsys Design Compiler. The circuit costs about 24k logic gates (not including a 32/spl times/64 SRAM and two 32/spl times/96 SRAMs) when the working frequency is set to 100 MHz. This design can support real-time deblocking of HDTV (1280/spl times/720, 60 fps) H.264/AVC video. This architecture is valuable for the hardware design of an H.264/AVC codec.
Timed circuit verification using TEL structures (2001)

Recent design examples have shown that significant performance gains are realized when circuit designers are allowed to make aggressive timing assumptions. Circuit correctness in these aggressive styles is highly timing dependent and, in industry, they are typically designed by hand. In order to automate the process of designing and verifying timed circuits, algorithms for their synthesis and verification are necessary. This paper presents timed event/level (TEL) structures, a specification formalism for timed circuits that corresponds directly to gate-level circuits. It also presents an algorithm based on partially ordered sets to make the state-space exploration of TEL structures more tractable. The combination of the new specification method and algorithm significantly improves efficiency for gate-level timing verification. Results on a number of circuits, including many from the recently published gigahertz unit Test Site (guTS) processor from IBM indicate that modules of significant size can be verified using a level of abstraction that preserves the interesting timing properties of the circuit. Accurate circuit level verification allows the designer to include less margin in the design, which can lead to increased performance.
Overexpression of <i>KNAT1</i> in Lettuce Shifts Leaf Determinate Growth to a Shoot-Like Indeterminate Growth Associated with an Accumulation of Isopentenyl-Type Cytokinins (2001)

Leaves are specialized organs characterized by defined developmental destiny and determinate growth. The overexpression of Knotted1-like homeobox genes in different species has been shown to alter leaf shape and development, but a definite role for this class of genes remains to be established. Transgenics that overexpress Knotted1-like genes present some traits that are characteristic of altered cytokinin physiology. Here we show that lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves that overexpress KNAT1, an Arabidopsis kn1-like gene, acquire characteristics of indeterminate growth typical of the shoot and that this cell fate change is associated with the accumulation of specific types of cytokinins. The possibility that the phenotypic effects of KNAT1 overexpression may arise primarily from the modulation of local ratios of different cytokinins is discussed.
학습장애학생의 학교생활태도와 이미지 변화를 위한 스케이트보드 프로그램의 효과 (1998)

This study was conducted to promote a LD(Learning Disabilities) student`s possitive classroom behaviors. A skateboard program that includes training basic skills and activity reinforcements was constructed. The basic skills were sliding and jumping, while the activity reinforcers include a pizza party, participation in a concert, and skateboard demonstration. The transdisciplinary-team model and the peer-teaching method were applied. The subject`s classroom behaviors were evaluated by 40 classroom mates. Effects of the skateboard program were investigated by pre-post test method. To evaluate the suject`s behavior, a behavioral checklist was developed with validity and reliability test. Results of this study indicates that the subjects` classroom behavior were significantly changed after complete of the skateboard program. However, the subject`s personality characteristics were not changed. Scores of the subject`s classroom behavior that was evaluated by male students was greater than that of female students(p<0.05). The different results by the gender was considered to that the male students more likes the skateboard than the female students. This study also emphasized that promoting useful classroom behaviors, rather than negative one such as aggressiveness, screeming, and roughing, is important to protect increasing nagative images.
NERA: Named Entity Recognition for Arabic (2009)

Abstract Name identification has been worked on quite intensively for the past few years, and has been incorporated into several products revolving around natural language processing tasks. Many researchers have attacked the name identification problem in a variety of languages, but only a few limited research efforts have focused on named entity recognition for Arabic script. This is due to the lack of resources for Arabic named entities and the limited amount of progress made in Arabic natural language processing in general. In this article, we present the results of our attempt at the recognition and extraction of the 10 most important categories of named entities in Arabic script: the person name, location, company, date, time, price, measurement, phone number, ISBN, and file name. We developed the system Named Entity Recognition for Arabic (NERA) using a rule‐based approach. The resources created are: a Whitelist representing a dictionary of names, and a grammar, in the form of regular expressions, which are responsible for recognizing the named entities. A filtration mechanism is used that serves two different purposes: (a) revision of the results from a named entity extractor by using metadata, in terms of a Blacklist or rejecter, about ill‐formed named entities and (b) disambiguation of identical or overlapping textual matches returned by different name entity extractors to get the correct choice. In NERA, we addressed major challenges posed by NER in the Arabic language arising due to the complexity of the language, peculiarities in the Arabic orthographic system, nonstandardization of the written text, ambiguity, and lack of resources. NERA has been effectively evaluated using our own tagged corpus; it achieved satisfactory results in terms of precision, recall, and F‐measure.
The impact of code density on instruction cache performance (1989)

The widespread use of reduced-instruction-set computers has generated a lot of interest in the tradeoff between the density of an instruction set and the size of the instruction cache. In this paper we present and justify a method that predicts the cache performance for a wide range of architectures, based on the miss rate for a single architecture. When we apply the method to a number of cache organizations we find that changes in code density can have a dramatic impact on memory traffic, but that modest improvements in code density do not reduce program execution time significantly in a well-balanced system.
Stateless distributed gradient descent for positive linear programs (2008)

We develop a framework of distributed and stateless solutions for packing and covering linear programs, which are solved by multiple agents operating in a cooperative but uncoordinated manner. Our model has a separate "agent" controlling each variable and an agent is allowed to read-off the current values only of those constraints in which it has non-zero coefficients. This is a natural model for many distributed applications like flow control, maximum bipartite matching, and dominating sets.
Subspace Selection for Clustering High-Dimensional Data (2005)

In high-dimensional feature spaces traditional clustering algorithms tend to break down in terms of efficiency and quality. Nevertheless, the data sets often contain clusters which are hidden in various subspaces of the original feature space. In this paper, we present a feature selection technique called SURFING (subspaces relevant for clustering) that finds all subspaces interesting for clustering and sorts them by relevance. The sorting is based on a quality criterion for the interestingness of a subspace using the k-nearest neighbor distances of the objects. As our method is more or less parameterless, it addresses the unsupervised notion of the data mining task "clustering" in a best possible way. A broad evaluation based on synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrates that SURFING is suitable to find all relevant sub-spaces in high dimensional, sparse data sets and produces better results than comparative methods.
RNA polymerase II subunit RPB10 is essential for yeast cell viability. (1990)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the smallest RNA polymerase II subunit, RPB10, was isolated and sequenced. The gene for this subunit is present in single copy and maps to chromosome XV, where two other yeast RNA polymerase II subunits, RPB2 and RPB8, reside. The RPB10 sequence predicts a protein only 46 amino acids in length with a molecular mass of 5400 daltons. Sporulation and tetrad analysis of diploid cells containing one copy of the RPB10 gene and one copy of HIS3 in place of the RPB10 gene revealed that the RPB10 subunit is essential for viability.
Amperometric Biosensors (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Criteria for “Good” Biosensor Research Defining a Standard for Characterizing Biosensor Performances Success Stories in Biosensor Research Conclusion Acknowledgments Abbreviations Glossary References
Thiamine Status in Liver and Brain of Rats Genetically Selected for Different Sensitivity to Hypnotic Effect of Alcohol (2000)

Background: The mechanisms of the different sensitivity or resistance of animals and humans to alcohol are still not completely understood. For further biochemical characterization of animals genetically selected for high-alcohol sensitivity (HAS) and low-alcohol sensitivity (LAS) with the hypnotic effect of alcohol, the thiamine status and thiamine metabolizing enzymes in these animals have been studied. Methods: We investigated thiamine diphosphate and thiamine triphosphate levels as well as the activity of thiamine-dependent enzyme, transketolase, and thiamine-metabolizing enzymes, thiamine kinase, and thiamine triphosphatase in the liver and brain of HAS, LAS, and CAS (control) rats by standard biochemical techniques. Results: It was found that the activity of transketolase, and the level of the coenzyme form of thiamine, thiamine diphosphate (TDP), were significantly lower in HAS versus LAS rats. The activation of transketolase by the exogenous TDP (TDP-effect) was significantly higher in the liver and brain regions of HAS rats compared with LAS rats. The level of TDP in the liver and cerebellum of HAS rats was significantly lower compared with LAS rats. These results indicate a severe deficiency of TDP in HAS rats. HAS rats have a significantly lower activity of thiamine triphosphatase, the additional source of TDP. Accordingly, HAS rats have much higher thiamine triphosphate levels in the liver and brain, compared with LAS rats. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to the thiamine diphosphatase and thiamine kinase activity. Most of the above parameters had the intermediate values in CAS rats, compared with LAS and HAS rats. These data indicate the possible role of the thiamine phosphate esters and related enzymes in the mechanisms that bring about the differential sensitivity to the hypnotic effect of alcohol. Conclusions: HAS rats have the genetically mediated thiamine diphosphate deficiency and increased thiamine triphosphate levels, probably due to reduced activity of thiamine triphosphatase in the liver and brain, compared with LAS rats. It can be related with the higher initial sensitivity of HAS rats to hypnotic effect of ethanol.