gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new wideband spread target maximum likelihood estimator for blood velocity estimation. I. Theory (1991)

The derivation and theoretical evaluation of new wideband maximum-likelihood strategies for the estimation of blood velocity using acoustic signals are presented. A model for the received signal from blood scatterers, using a train of short wideband pulses, is described. Evaluation of the autocorrelation of the signal based on this model shows that the magnitude, periodicity, and phase of the autocorrelation are affected by the mean scatterer velocity and the presence of a velocity spread target. New velocity estimators are then derived that exploit the effect of the scatterer velocity on both the signal delay and the shift in frequency. The wideband range spread estimator is derived using a statistical model of the target. Based on the point target assumption, a simpler wideband maximum-likelihood estimator is also obtained. These new estimation strategies are analyzed for their local and global performance. Evaluation of the Cramer-Rao bound shows that the bound on the estimator variance is reduced using these estimators, in comparison with narrowband strategies. In order to study global accuracy, the expected estimator output is evaluated, and it is determined that the width of the mainlobe is reduced. In addition, it is shown that the height of subsidiary velocity peaks is reduced through the use of these new estimators.
<i>N</i>-Annulated Perylene as An Efficient Electron Donor for Porphyrin-Based Dyes: Enhanced Light-Harvesting Ability and High-Efficiency Co(II/III)-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Porphyrin-based dyes recently have become good candidates for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the bottleneck is how to further improve their light-harvesting ability. In this work, N-annulated perylene (NP) was used to functionalize the Zn-porphyrin, and four "push-pull"-type NP-substituted and fused porphyrin dyes with intense absorption in the visible and even in the near-infrared (NIR) region were synthesized. Co(II/III)-based DSC device characterizations revealed that dyes WW-5 and WW-6, in which an ethynylene spacer is incorporated between the NP and porphyrin core, showed pantochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency action spectra in the visible and NIR region, with a further red-shift of about 90 and 60 nm, respectively, compared to the benchmark molecule YD2-o-C8. As a result, the short-circuit current density was largely increased, and the devices displayed power conversion efficiencies as high as 10.3% and 10.5%, respectively, which is comparable to that of the YD2-o-C8 cell (η = 10.5%) under the same conditions. On the other hand, the dye WW-3 in which the NP unit is directly attached to the porphyrin core showed a moderate power conversion efficiency (η = 5.6%) due to the inefficient π-conjugation, and the NP-fused dye WW-4 exhibited even poorer performance due to its low-lying LUMO energy level and nondisjointed HOMO/LUMO profile. Our detailed physical measurements (optical and electrochemical), density functional theory calculations, and photovoltaic characterizations disclosed that the energy level alignment, the molecular orbital profile, and dye aggregation all played very important roles on the interface electron transfer and charge recombination kinetics.
Silicon-embedded toroidal inductors with magnetic cores: Design methodology and experimental validation (2014)

An approach to the ultimate integration and miniaturization of MEMS-based 3-D magnetic components involves embedding the volume of the magnetic structures within the volume of the silicon wafer itself, exploiting microfabricated windings to create current paths, and utilizing embedded magnetic cores within the limited footprint of these components to boost the magnetic performance. However, this embedding approach imposes volumetric and microfabrication constraints that require an unusual magnetic component optimization methodology compared to wire-wound inductors and PCB inductors. These constraints dictate embedded toroidal inductors with non-overlapping windings and thin magnetic cores, and impose additional limitations on inductor design parameters such as pattern resolution, the number of winding turns and winding thickness; these constraints complicate the trade-offs to be made in designing core-integrated inductors. A design methodology encompassing these constraints is therefore needed. For a targeted inductance value within a given footprint, our design methodology addresses an inductor with a maximized quality factor based on the trade-offs between copper loss and core loss. To illustrate this methodology, silicon-embedded inductors with iron powder cores are designed and fabricated; a quality factor of 24 is achieved at 30 MHz.
Model Studies on the Formation of Monochloropropanediols in the Presence of Lipase (2004)

The formation of chloropropanols was investigated using model systems comprised of lipase, vegetable oil or fat, water, and sodium chloride. The results showed that measurable levels of the foodborne carcinogen 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) are formed in the presence of commercially available lipases of mammalian, vegetable, and fungal origins, incubated at temperatures of 40 degrees C. The highest yield of 3-MCPD was obtained in reaction mixtures containing lipase from Rhizopus oryzae, and all the lipases studied exhibited a high hydrolytic activity toward triglycerides from palm and peanut oil. In contrast, hydrolysis over time and the yield of 3-MCPD in olive and sunflower oils were significantly lower (up to 10-fold), possibly linked to the relatively lower amount (<18%) of saturated fatty acids in these oils. We provide here for the first time evidence that lipases are able to induce the formation of chloropropanols under model system conditions. However, the key intermediates and precise mechanistic aspects governing the formation of 3-MCPD in the presence of lipase still need to be elucidated.
Evolving neural networks in compressed weight space (2010)

We propose a new indirect encoding scheme for neural networks in which the weight matrices are represented in the frequency domain by sets Fourier coefficients. This scheme exploits spatial regularities in the matrix to reduce the dimensionality of the representation by ignoring high-frequency coefficients, as is done in lossy image compression. We compare the efficiency of searching in this "compressed" network space to searching in the space of directly encoded networks, using the CoSyNE neuroevolution algorithm on three benchmark problems: pole-balancing, ball throwing and octopus arm control. The results show that this encoding can dramatically reduce the search space dimensionality such that solutions can be found in significantly fewer evaluations
Multiple Scale Music Segmentation Using Rhythm, Timbre, and Harmony (2006)

The segmentation of music into intro-chorus-verse-outro, and similar segments, is a difficult topic. A method for performing automatic segmentation based on features related to rhythm, timbre, and harmony is presented, and compared, between the features and between the features and manual segmentation of a database of 48 songs. Standard information retrieval performance measures are used in the comparison, and it is shown that the timbre-related feature performs best.
Hydrocarbon Fractions From Plastic Wastes For Refinery And Petrochemical Industry (2008)

Each year more than 300 M tons of plastic wastes are generated worldwide. Chemical recycling of waste polymers from households and industrial companies (e.g. HDPE, LDPE, PP, PS etc.) is one of the best methods for their utilization and converting to valuable hydrocarbon products. According to preliminary calculations the cost of refineries could be considerably decreased with recycled wastes. Several oil companies with or without other chemical companies developing plastic waste recycling processes, and other laboratories also work on this field. In our experimental work thermal and thermo-catalytic cracking of different waste polymers were developed in a gas heated horizontal tube reactor using ~500°C temperature. Products were separated into fractions of gases, gasoline, middle distillates and heavy oil. It was found that plastic wastes could be converted into gasoline and middle distillates with yields of 2535% and 35-45% depending on the applied parameters of pyrolysis. Yields of lighter hydrocarbons were increasing with temperature and residence time. The structure of hydrocarbons was mainly depending on the raw materials. Products had significant content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, mainly a-olefins, quality of which were improved by laboratory hydrogenation. Gasoline had high octane numbers (80 75) in case of middle distillates, furthermore gases are able to partly provide the energy consumption of the process. These properties are advantageous for fuellike applications, and productivity of refinery could be increased.
Service Chain and Virtual Network Embeddings: Approximations using Randomized Rounding (2016)

The SDN and NFV paradigms enable novel network services which can be realized and embedded in a flexible and rapid manner. For example, SDN can be used to flexibly steer traffic from a source to a destination through a sequence of virtualized middleboxes, in order to realize so-called service chains. The service chain embedding problem consists of three tasks: admission control, finding suitable locations to allocate the virtualized middleboxes and computing corresponding routing paths. This paper considers the offline batch embedding of multiple service chains. Concretely, we consider the objectives of maximizing the profit by embedding an optimal subset of requests or minimizing the costs when all requests need to be embedded. Interestingly, while the service chain embedding problem has recently received much attention, so far, only non- polynomial time algorithms (based on integer programming) as well as heuristics (which do not provide any formal guarantees) are known. This paper presents the first polynomial time service chain approximation algorithms both for the case with admission and without admission control. Our algorithm is based on a novel extension of the classic linear programming and randomized rounding technique, which may be of independent interest. In particular, we show that our approach can also be extended to more complex service graphs, containing cycles or sub-chains, hence also providing new insights into the classic virtual network embedding problem.
Integrated two-state AWG-based multiwavelength laser (2005)

An integrated InP-InGaAsP two-state coupled-laser device for use in optical packet switching and signal processing is presented. The two states are identified by distinct lasing wavelengths. Single-mode lasing occurs in both states and the contrast ratio between the two states is 35 dB. Switching between states with optical pulses is demonstrated. The use of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and ring laser configuration permits monolithic integration without the need for cleaved facets. How the AWG can be used to obtain partial isolation between multiple interconnected devices is also discussed.
Mandrake or Mandragora (1946)

Mandrake or Mandragora Get access H. Stanford London, F.S.A. H. Stanford London, F.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 190, Issue 7, 6 April 1946, Page 148, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/190.7.148 Published: 06 April 1946
Cytolytic and biochemical properties of cytoplasmic granules of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1986)

The incubation of murine spleen cells in the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL 2) gives rise to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells capable of lysing fresh tumor cells in short-term lytic assays. During the course of cultures used to generate LAK cells, cytoplasmic granules were prepared and were analyzed for the presence of the cytolysin previously described in large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Such cytolysin activity is initially undetectable, appears after 2 days of culture, and continues to increase until day 7. The LAK cytolysin has properties similar to those of previously described cytolysins with respect to nonspecific killing of various target cells, rapid kinetics, and absolute dependence on calcium. Antibodies raised against purified LGL tumor granules neutralized the activity of the LAK cytolysin. The precursors of both the LAK cells and the cells bearing the cytolysin are eliminated by treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 and complement, strongly suggesting that the actual LAK effector cells and the cytolysin-bearing cells are identical. Biochemical analysis of the LAK granules indicate that they contain the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase. The protein content of granules isolated from various days of culture with r-IL 2 undergoes a dramatic change, with major protein bands around 30,000 daltons becoming prominent, as well as the cytolysin protein band at 70,000 daltons. These data suggest that the mechanism of cell lysis by LAK cells is similar to that of CTL and natural killer-mediated lysis, and each of these forms of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis is based on a granule exocytosis mechanism.
A collaborative filtering recommender system for test case prioritization in web applications (2018)

The use of relevant metrics of software systems could improve various software engineering tasks, but identifying relationships among metrics is not simple and can be very time consuming. Recommender systems can help with this decision-making process; many applications have utilized these systems to improve the performance of their applications. To investigate the potential benefits of recommender systems in regression testing, we implemented an item-based collaborative filtering recommender system that uses user interaction data and application change history information to develop a test case prioritization technique. To evaluate our approach, we performed an empirical study using three web applications with multiple versions and compared four control techniques. Our results indicate that our recommender system can help improve the effectiveness of test prioritization.
Critical Residue That Promotes Protein Dimerization: A Story of Partially Exposed Phe<sup>25</sup> in 14-3-3σ (2011)

Many proteins exist and function as oligomers. While hydrophobic interactions have been recognized as the major driving force for oligomerization, detailed molecular mechanisms for the assembly are unknown. Here, we used 14-3-3σ as a model protein and investigated the role of hydrophobic residues at the dimeric interface using MD simulations and coimmunoprecipitations. We found that a half-exposed and half-buried residue in the interface, Phe(25), plays a more important role in promoting homodimerization than the hydrophobic core residues by organizing both favorable hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. Phe(25) is critical in packing and stabilizing hydrophobic core residues. We conclude that the structural stability of hydrophobic cores is critical for a stable homodimer complex and this stable property can be bestowed by residues outside of hydrophobic core. The important organizing activity of Phe(25) for homodimerization of 14-3-3σ originates from its unique physical location, rigidity, size, and hydrophobicity. Thus, hydrophobic residues that are not deeply buried at the oligomeric interface may play important but different roles from the buried core residues and they may promote oligomerization by organizing co-operativity of core and other residues for favorable hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.
The Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): pathophysiology, diagnosis & management. (2006)

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), characterized by orthostatic tachycardia in the absence of orthostatic hypotension, has been the focus of increasing clinical interest over the last 15 years 1. Patients with POTS complain of symptoms of tachycardia, exercise intolerance, lightheadedness, extreme fatigue, headache and mental clouding. Patients with POTS demonstrate a heart rate increase of >or=30 bpm with prolonged standing (5-30 minutes), often have high levels of upright plasma norepinephrine (reflecting sympathetic nervous system activation), and many patients have a low blood volume. POTS can be associated with a high degree of functional disability. Therapies aimed at correcting the hypovolemia and the autonomic imbalance may help relieve the severity of the symptoms. This review outlines the present understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of POTS.
Advances in Yield Calibration of Scintillators (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> By means of a photomultiplier tube, a Si-photodiode, and a Si-avalanche photodiode, the absolute scintillation yield of recently developed <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{LaBr}}_{3}{\hbox{:}}{\hbox{Ce}}$</tex></formula>, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{LaCl}}_{3}{\hbox{:}}{\hbox{Ce}}$</tex></formula>, and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\hbox{Lu}},{\hbox{Y}})_{2}{\hbox{SiO}}_{5}{\hbox{:}}{\hbox{Ce}}$</tex> </formula> scintillators and traditional <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{Lu}}_{2}{\hbox{SiO}}_{5}{\hbox{:}}{\hbox{Ce}}$</tex> </formula>, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{Bi}}_{4}{\hbox{Ge}}_{3}{\hbox{O}}_{12}$</tex> </formula>, NaI:Tl CsI:Tl, and CsI:Na scintillators were determined. These are all well known scintillators that cover emission wavelengths from 250 nm to 750 nm. By comparing the scintillation yield independently measured with the three different photon detectors reliable yield values are obtained. </para>
Improving the service industry with hyper-connectivity: IoT in hospitality (2020)

Purpose Internet of Things (IoT) adoption is a differentiating factor in the hospitality industry which facilitates the integration of the digital and real world. This paper aims to explore academic research and practical applications of IoT in the hospitality domain to help identify opportunities and challenges with implementing the technology for creating competitive advantages and service operations process improvements. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses previous works and exemplars to demonstrate the use of IoT in hospitality. Academic indexing websites such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect are used to search for related terms. Whitepapers, IoT project websites of service providers and media coverage are accessed to collect information. Related work is investigated by classifying into major categories of hospitality. Findings Hospitality is one of the leading industries that has adopted IoT to create innovative services, but this topic has not been investigated deeply. A comprehensive study is needed to give guidance to decision-makers and helps to design better services by presenting practical and potential benefits. Practical implications The IoT will usher in great opportunities in hospitality by enabling novel applications for customization and personalization of the services. Operational processes will be redefined for efficiency and speed. It will alter the expectations and servicescape; thus, its integration will be vital in terms of competitiveness and success. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive overview of IoT research and applications in the hospitality domain. It contributes to better understanding of recent trends and potentials. A holistic approach was used instead of focusing on a single sector which enables the consideration of all aspects of the topic. Theoretical support in addition to technical aspects, challenges and concerns are offered to the reader.
Importance of Various Intracellular Regulatory Mechanisms of Polyamine Metabolism in Camostate-lnduced Pancreatic Growth in Rats (1993)

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of various intracellular regulatory mechanisms of polyamine metabolism in normal and camostate (FOY 305)-induced pancreatic growth in rats. Furthermore it was investigated whether the simultaneous inhibition of the polyamine interconversion pathway by the potent polyamine oxidase inhibitor MDL-72527 together with the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is able to enhance and prolong the only initial and transient inhibitory effects of DFMO on camostate-induced pancreatic growth. Simultaneous administration of DFMO and MDL-72527 resulted in a significant inhibition of the camostate-induced increases in pancreatic putrescine, ODC and DNA over 5 days, while the initial significant inhibition of pancreatic weight, protein content, DNA-polymerase and especially spermidine was absent after 5 days and spermine as well as N1-acetylspermidine were even increased. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in pancreas is very low and the potent DAO inhibitor aminoguanidine failed to alter any of the measured parameters except DAO. Therefore, oxidative degradation of putrescine by DAO--which is essential in the gut--is irrelevant in the pancreas. Simultaneous inhibition of the pancreatic polyamine interconversion pathway extended the initial inhibitory effects of DFMO only slightly and failed to exert a potent long-lasting inhibitory effect on spermidine and pancreatic growth.
Study on Telomerase Activity of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. (2004)

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) have multiple differentiate potential, and it can differentiate into adipocytes, osteogenic cells, chondrocyte and neural cells et al. It has been reported that telomerase activity in hMSCs is negative, but it is still controversial and telomerase activity in hMSCs-derived adipocytes has not been reported. We investigate the telomerase activity in hMSCs before and after their committed differentiation into adipocytes in vitro and cryopreservation. hMSCs were isolated from normal human bone marrow fellowed by cell culture in DMEM with low glucose containing 10% FBS. The FACS was performed to examine the expression of cell surface molecules and analyze cell cycle of primary hMSCs.Then some of hMSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro by being treated with adipocytic medium fellowed by being stained with oil red O, and the others were cryopreserved in liguid nitrogon for three months. TRAP assay(telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay)was employed to detect telomerase activity in those hMSCs. T293 cells and α-Interferon were analyzed with each test as an additional positive control and negative control respectively. Telomerase activity was expressed as a percentage of the relative telomerase activity (RTA) of the hMSCs relative to the RTA of T293 cells. The results indicated the cells were positive for SH2, SH3, CD90 and negative for CD34, CD45, AC133. It was showed that the majority of primary hMSCs(85%) was at cell cycle of G0/G1 phase and the minority of hMSCs was at S, G2 or M phase. 80% hMSCs was orange adipocytes after they were treated with adipocytic medium for 3–4weeks. Telomerase activity was negative in hMSCs both at the beginning of culture and at the later stages during cell expansion,telomerase activity in hMSCs-passage 1–3(n=10) and hMSCs-passage 4–7(n=9) made no significant difference(1.46±0.83% vs 1.46±0.67%, p=0.99). Cryopreservation did not affect the telomerase activity in hMSCs. Telomerase activity in fresh hMSCs(n=13) and frozen hMSCs(n=6) made no significant difference(1.41±0.44% vs 1.51±1.07%, p=0.64). Telomerase activity in hMSCs-derived adipocytes(n=3) was significantly higher than in hMSCs(n=19)( 11.8±2.52% vs 1.46. ±0.67%, p&lt;0.00001). It is concluded that hMSCs are telomerase-negative, and the stage of culture or cryopreservation does not affect their telomerase activity. After being induced to differentiated into adipocytes, hMSCs telomerase activity is upregulated.