gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-mode quantitative imaging of wound tissue oxygenation and perfusion (2010)

Accurate assessment of wound oxygenation and perfusion is important for evaluating wound healing/regression and guiding following therapeutic processes. However, many existing techniques and clinical practices are subjective and qualitative due to background bias, tissue heterogeneity, and inter-patient variation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-modal imaging system for in vivo, non-invasive, real-time quantitative assessment of wound tissue oxygenation and perfusion. The imaging system integrated a broadband light source, a high-resolution CCD camera, a highly sensitive thermal camera, and a liquid crystal tunable filter. A user-friendly interface was developed to control all the components systematically. Advanced algorithms were explored for reliable reconstruction of tissue oxygenation and appropriate co-registration between thermal images and multispectral images. Dual-mode oxygenation and perfusion imaging was demonstrated on both benchtop models and human subjects, and compared with measurements using other methods, such as Laser Doppler and tissue oximeter. The test results suggested that the dual-modal imaging system has the potential for non-contact real-time imaging of wound tissue oxygenation and perfusion.
The effect of dynamic compression on the response of articular cartilage to insulin‐like growth factor‐I (2001)

Articular cartilage is routinely subjected to mechanical forces and to cell-regulatory molecules. Previous studies have shown that mechanical stimuli can influence articular chondrocyte metabolic activity, and biochemical studies have shown that growth factors and cytokines control many of the same cell functions. Little is known, however, of the relationships or interplay, if any, between these two key components of the articular environment. This study investigated the comparative and interactive effects of low amplitude, sinusoidal, dynamic compression and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a polypeptide in synovial fluid that is anabolic for cartilage. In bovine patellofemoral cartilage explants, IGF-I increased protein and proteoglycan synthesis 90% and 120%, respectively while dynamic compression increased protein and proteoglycan synthesis 40% and 90%, respectively. Stimulation by IGF-I was significantly greater than by dynamic compression for both protein and proteoglycan synthesis. When applied together, the two stimuli enhanced protein and proteoglycan synthesis by 180% and 290%, respectively, a degree greater than that achieved by either stimulus alone. IGF-I augmented protein synthesis with a time constant of 12.2 h. Dynamic compression increased protein synthesis with a time constant of 2.9 h, a rate significantly faster than that of IGF-I, suggesting that these signals act via distinct cell activation pathways. When used together, dynamic compression and IGF-I acted with a time constant of 5.6 h. Thus, dynamic compression accelerated the biosynthetic response to IGF-I and increased transport of IGF-I into the articular cartilage matrix, suggesting that, in addition to independently stimulating articular chondrocytes, cyclic compression may improve the access of soluble growth factors to these relatively isolated cells.
Advances in the development of genetic markers for the diagnosis of disease and drug response (2002)

Genetic diversity, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, contributes to both disease susceptibility and variability in drug response. Since most genes contain multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms, identifying those that are most relevant with respect to disease or drug response is important and may uncover variants that are predictive of either disease susceptibility or therapeutic response to drugs, both with respect to efficacy and toxic side effects. The candidate gene approach has been widely used to search for the genetic basis of pharmacogenomic traits. Although a few successful examples have emerged from this approach, notably trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech), imatinib mesylate (Gleevec (USA), Glivec; Novartis) and certain drugs that demonstrate variable efficacy or adverse effects that are attributed to metabolizing enzymes, for most drugs, the genetic variations that determine their clinical response remain uncovered. Genome-wide linkage approach presents an alternative to the candidate gene approach. The powerful combination of linkage when coupled to ultra-high-throughput genotyping, gene array and proteomics technology, together with innovative bioinformatic resources, provides a focused integrative strategy for pinpointing disease-causing genes that may generate validated drug targets and genes that are responsible for differential drug response. Thus, it is anticipated that genetic research will soon generate new information that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tests that will ultimately lead to safer and more efficacious drugs for all patients. This review addresses recent advances in the development of genetic markers that can be used to diagnose disease or drug response.
Application of Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle for high aspect ratio SU-8 micro-/nanotip array (2007)

A high-aspect-ratio (approximately 30) SU-8 micro-/nanotip array whose shape is defined by diffraction was fabricated by a single UV photolithography procedure and its exposed dose control. The fabrication result of the tip agrees well with the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld solution of the Huygens-Fresnel principle at wide observation distances. In a near field below distance 2 microm (only several times of wavelength), necking points also agree with the solution, although it is assumed that the distance is much larger than wavelength. It can be also applied to control the shape of the tip and to determine the critical dose D(c) of SU-8 and other photocurable polymers.
Cytokine-induced inside-out activation of FcαR (CD89) is mediated by a single serine residue (S263) in the intracellular domain of the receptor (2001)

Fc receptors play an important role in leukocyte activation and the modulation of ligand binding ("activation") is a critical point of regulation. Previous studies demonstrated that the Fc receptor for IgA (FcalphaRI/CD89) is regulated by cytokine stimulation, switching it to a high-binding state. To investigate the mechanism by which cytokine-induced signal transduction pathways result in FcalphaRI activation, cell lines expressing various receptor mutants were generated. Binding studies indicated that truncation of the C-terminus of the FcalphaRI resulted in constitutive IgA binding, removing the need for cytokine stimulation. Furthermore, mutagenesis of a single C-terminal serine residue (S263) to alanine (S>A) (single-letter amino acid codes) also resulted in constitutive IgA binding, whereas a serine to aspartate (S>D) mutation was no longer functional. The role of S263 might be in regulating the interaction with the cytoskeleton, because disruption of the cytoskeleton results in reduced IgA binding to both FcalphaRwt and FcalphaR_S>A. In addition, overexpression of a membrane-targeted intracellular domain of FcalphaR, and the introduction of cell-permeable CD89 fusion proteins blocked IgA binding, implying a competition for endogenous proteins. The proposal is made that Fc receptors are activated by cytokines via an inside-out mechanism converging at the cytoplasmic tail of these receptors. (Blood. 2001;97:3478-3483)
Optimized target localization in stereotactic radiosurgery using real-time digital portal images (1996)

This paper presents a method for optimized estimation of target localization in stereotactic radiosurgery using real-time digital portal images. The positions of the two radiation sources and the two projection planes in radiosurgery can be chosen arbitrarily. The reconstruction of the target is characterized as a non-linear multi-variable optimization problem, which minimizes the difference between the actual target and the reconstructed target. This optimization problem is solved by the Gaussian least square differential correction (GLSDC) method. Due to the digitized errors and input data errors, the algorithm defines an indirect reference factor (the shortest distance between two x-rays pointing onto the target) as an indication of the accuracy of the method. Our experimental results show that the reference factor is less than 1.0 mm for the correct data entry. The proposed algorithm provides a method that supports on-line target localization which can be done directly on the digital portal imaging device.
Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive radiofrequency hyperthermia with nanoparticle mediation (2015)

Capacitive radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia suffers from excessive temperature rise near the electrodes and poorly localized heat transfer to the deep-seated tumor region even though it is known to have potential to cure ill-conditioned tumors. To better localize heat transfer to the deep-seated target region in which electrical conductivity is elevated by nanoparticle mediation, two-channel capacitive RF heating has been tried on a phantom. We made a tissue-mimicking phantom consisting of two compartments, a tumor-tissue-mimicking insert against uniform background agarose. The tumor-tissue-mimicking insert was made to have higher electrical conductivity than the normal-tissue-mimicking background by applying magnetic nanoparticle suspension to the insert. Two electrode pairs were attached on the phantom surface by equal-angle separation to apply RF electric field to the phantom. To better localize heat transfer to the tumor-tissue-mimicking insert, RF power with a frequency of 26 MHz was delivered to the two channels in a time-multiplexed way. To monitor the temperature rise inside the phantom, MR thermometry was performed at a 3T MRI intermittently during the RF heating. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic and thermal simulations on the phantom model were also performed to verify the experimental results. As compared to the one-channel RF heating, the two-channel RF heating with time-multiplexed driving improved the spatial localization of heat transfer to the tumor-tissue-mimicking region in both the simulation and experiment. The two-channel RF heating also reduced the temperature rise near the electrodes significantly. Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive RF heating has the capability to better localize heat transfer to the nanoparticle-mediated tumor region which has higher electrical conductivity than the background normal tissues.
Visual Query Systems: A Taxonomy (1991)

Visual Query Systems (VQS) are query systems using visual representations to denote the domain of interest and express related requests; they may be seen as an evolution of query languages adopted in database management systems. VQS are investigated to solve present day problems of conventional query systems. The most significant needs are: to provide a friendly man-machine interaction, to allow database search by non-technical users, to introduce a mechanism for comfortable navigation even in cases of incomplete and ambiguous queries. In order to explain, compare and evaluate the different features of the existing and suggested VQS, a taxonomy is proposed, based on expressive power, usability and classes of potential users. To clarify some taxonomic criteria, examples of representative VQS are given. 1. INTRODUCTION Many studies have been performed to improve man-machine interaction for allowing fruitful and friendly use of complex programs. Traditionally, in order to teach what speci...
Measurement of 248-nm, subpicosecond pulse durations by two-photon fluorescence of xenon excimers (1987)

A technique for measuring the duration of single ultrashort pulses at KrF(*) wavelengths has been developed that employs fluorescence from xenon excimers excited by two-photon absorption of atom pairs. Pulses of ~350-fsec duration have been measured at 248 nm.
Promising Nitrogen-Rich Porous Carbons Derived from One-Step Calcium Chloride Activation of Biomass-Based Waste for High Performance Supercapacitors (2015)

It has long been demonstrated that KOH and ZnCl2 can be used as efficient chemical activation agents to prepare porous carbons. Herein, we develop a green activation method, that is, one-step calcium chloride (CaCl2) activation sugar cane bagasse with urea, for the preparation of nitrogen-rich porous carbons (NPCs). The nitrogen contents, specific surface areas, pore sizes, and specific capacitances of the obtained NPCs can be effectively tuned by adjusting the ratio of carbon precursor (sugar cane bagasse), nitrogen source (urea), and activation agent (CaCl2). The synthesized three-dimensional oriented and interlinked porous nitrogen-rich carbons (3D-NPCs) contain not only abundant porosities which can impose an advantage for ion buffering and accommodation, but also high nitrogen content in the carbons which can obviously increase the pseudocapacitance. Therefore, for the typical sample, obtained from pyrolysis of the mixture of sugar cane bagasse, urea, and CaCl2 in a mass ratio of 1:2:2 at 800 °C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere, shows a high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability (with 323 and 213 F g–1 at the discharge/charge current densities of 1 and 30 A g–1, respectively), and outstanding cycle performance (a negligible capacitance loss after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g–1).
Nonlinear Near-Field Optical Effects of the AgO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-Type Super-Resolution Near-Field Structure (2003)

AgOx-type super-resolution near-field structure (Super-RENS) exhibits nonlinear near-field optical behavior in the near field, which is closely related to the subwavelength resolution capability of the Super-RENS disk. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulations were used to demonstrate that these nonlinear effects may result from collective localized surface plasmons of silver nanoparticles.
Using Web Co-occurrence Statistics for Improving Image Categorization (2013)

Object recognition and localization are important tasks in computer vision. The focus of this work is the incorporation of contextual information in order to improve object recognition and localization. For instance, it is natural to expect not to see an elephant to appear in the middle of an ocean. We consider a simple approach to encapsulate such common sense knowledge using co-occurrence statistics from web documents. By merely counting the number of times nouns (such as elephants, sharks, oceans, etc.) co-occur in web documents, we obtain a good estimate of expected co-occurrences in visual data. We then cast the problem of combining textual co-occurrence statistics with the predictions of image-based classifiers as an optimization problem. The resulting optimization problem serves as a surrogate for our inference procedure. Albeit the simplicity of the resulting optimization problem, it is effective in improving both recognition and localization accuracy. Concretely, we observe significant improvements in recognition and localization rates for both ImageNet Detection 2012 and Sun 2012 datasets.
Diagnosis and Management of Intrauterine Growth Retardation (1998)

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. This condition can be a sign of genetic disorders, fetal infection, uteroplacental insufficiency, or constitutionally small fetuses. Correct determination of gestational age is the first step in prenatal screening of growth-retarded fetuses. The discovery of a small-for-gestational age fetus necessitates fetal assessment for the evaluation of the etiology and prognosis, and for the determination of the optimal timing for delivery of these fetuses at risk of perinatal asphyxia. IUGR is more frequent in multiple-gestation pregnancies (23-34%) and will be discussed separately. There is no medical treatment for IUGR. Early aspirin treatment reduces the incidence of IUGR in a high-risk population but should not be used routinely in all pregnant women.
Antiviral Targets of a Chromene Derivative from Sargassum micracanthum in the Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus (2006)

A chromene derivative (1) obtained from a brown alga, Sargassum micracanthum, has been proved to be a potent inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In the present study, we evaluated its mode of action by various experimental assays. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that 1 was active if applied to cells before viral DNA synthesis, indicating that it inhibited early events of virus replication including virus adsorption and penetration, and a step immediately after viral internalization. Virus attachment and penetration studies suggested that one of the targets for anti-HCMV action of 1 was virus adsorption to cells and to a lesser extent, virus internalization was delayed in the presence of the compound. Pretreatment of virus particles with 1 showed that the compound exerted dose-dependent virucidal action. The chromene derivative and ganciclovir (GCV), an anti-HCMV drug, were synergistic inhibitors when used in combination. The synergistic effect could be explained by inhibition of different steps in HCMV replication cycle produced by 1 and GCV.
The Serological Properties of Simple Substances. IX. Hapten Inhibition of Precipitation of Antisera Homologous to the o-, m-, and p-Azophenylarsonic Acid Groups (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Serological Properties of Simple Substances. IX. Hapten Inhibition of Precipitation of Antisera Homologous to the o-, m-, and p-Azophenylarsonic Acid GroupsLinus Pauling and David PressmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 1003–1012Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01222a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ethane-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Innovative and Profitable Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Opportunity for a Low-Price Environment (2016)

Summary This paper summarizes the current state of the ethane industry in the United States (US) and explores the opportunity for using ethane for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We show both simulation data and field examples to demonstrate that ethane is an excellent EOR injectant. After decades of research and field application, the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as an EOR injectant has proved to be very successful. However, there are limited supplies of low-cost CO2 available, and there are also significant drawbacks, especially corrosion, involving its use. The rich gases and volatile oils developed by horizontal drilling and fracturing in the shale reservoirs have brought about an enormous increase in ethane production. Ethane prices have dropped substantially. In the US, ethane is no longer priced as a petrochemical feedstock, but is priced as a fuel. Also, substantial quantities of ethane are currently being flared. Ethane-based EOR can supplement the very successful CO2-based EOR industry in the US. There simply is not enough low-cost CO2 available to undertake all the potential gas EOR projects in the US. The current abundance of low-cost ethane presents a significant opportunity to add new gas EOR projects. The ethane-based EOR opportunity can be summarized as follows: CO2-based EOR works well, and is well-understood. Ethane has more solubility in oil, lower minimum miscibility pressures (MMPs), and better solvent efficiency than CO2. Ethane is operationally simpler than CO2 for EOR. Ethane is now inexpensive, and will likely stay inexpensive. Ethane-based EOR has become a viable option in the Lower 48 (lower 48 states in US). Large volumes of low-cost ethane are available. Recent additions to the growing ethane infrastructure now deliver ethane to locations where ethane-based EOR targets are plentiful.
Activation of zinc by trimethylchlorosilane. An improved procedure for the preparation of .beta.-hydroxy esters from ethyl bromoacetate and aldehydes or ketones (Reformatsky reaction) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivation of zinc by trimethylchlorosilane. An improved procedure for the preparation of .beta.-hydroxy esters from ethyl bromoacetate and aldehydes or ketones (Reformatsky reaction)Gerard Picotin and Philippe MiginiacCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4796–4798Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5554Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of p38 <scp>MAPK</scp> sensitizes tumour cells to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species and JNK (2013)

The p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of many cellular responses. It is well established that p38 MAPK signalling negatively regulates epithelial cell transformation, but enhanced p38 MAPK activity has been also correlated with bad clinical prognosis in some tumour types. Here, we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence showing that p38 MAPK inhibition cooperates with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin to kill tumour cells. We show that p38 MAPK inhibition results in ROS upregulation, which in turn activates the JNK pathway via inactivation of phosphatases, sensitizing human tumour cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Using a mouse model for breast cancer, we confirm that inhibition of p38 MAPK cooperates with cisplatin treatment to reduce tumour size and malignancy in vivo. Taken together, our results illustrate a new function of p38 MAPK that helps tumour cells to survive chemotherapeutic drug treatments, and reveal that the combination of p38 MAPK inhibitors with cisplatin can be potentially exploited for cancer therapy.