gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral and stereochemical control via intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of Z dienes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral and stereochemical control via intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of Z dienesStephen G. Pyne, Mark J. Hensel, and P. L. FuchsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 21, 5719–5728Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00385a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00385a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1597Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of heterogeneity in the molecular pathogenesis of lupus nephritis from transcriptional profiles of laser-captured glomeruli (2004)

The molecular pathogenesis of focal/diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis was studied by cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression in glomeruli from clinical biopsies. Transcriptional phenotyping of glomeruli isolated by laser-capture microscopy revealed considerable kidney-to-kidney heterogeneity in increased transcript expression, resulting in four main gene clusters that identified the presence of B cells, several myelomonocytic lineages, fibroblast and epithelial cell proliferation, matrix alterations, and expression of type I IFN–inducible genes. Glomerulus-to-glomerulus variation within a kidney was less marked. The myeloid lineage transcripts, characteristic of those found in isolated activated macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, were widely distributed in all biopsy samples. One major subgroup of the samples expressed fibrosis-related genes that correlated with pathological evidence of glomerulosclerosis; however, decreased expression of TGF-β1 argued against its role in lupus renal fibrosis. Expression of type I IFN–inducible transcripts by a second subset of samples was associated with reduced expression of fibrosis-related genes and milder pathological features. This pattern of gene expression resembled that exhibited by activated NK cells. A large gene cluster with decreased expression found in all samples included ion channels and transcription factors, indicating a loss-of-function response to the glomerular injury.
Technology of Germanium (1946)

Recent interest in germanium has encouraged commercial production of the pure metal and its oxide as by‐products in the recovery of cadmium from zinc sintering‐plant Cottrell dust. Although similar to silicon in many properties, there are sufficient differences to encourage the use of the much more costly germanium in some electrical, metallurgical, and ceramic applications. Chief interest electrically centers on the uses of germanium as a rectifier and in making high‐resistance resistors. Metallurgically, the very low‐melting eutectic alloy of gold and germanium points the way to possible dental, jewelry, and industrial applications, and the property of slight expansion on solidification aids in making castings of good dimensional tolerance. Many of the properties of germanium are discussed as well as occurrence, extraction, and possible uses of the metal.
El teatro latinoamericano frente a los problemas y conflictos de la actualidad (1985)

A diferencia de la prosa o de la lirica, el teatro latinoamericano es poco conocido entre nosotros, incluso entre especialistas. Al seleccionar los autores, he situado las formas de expresion, preocupaciones, critica y denuncia de los dramaturgos latinoamericanos bajo el aspecto comun de su enfrentamiento con la actualidad. Es evidente que podria anadir toda una serie de puntos de vista diferentes. Creo, sin embargo, que hemos elegido un catalogo suficientemente representativo de los conflictos de la actualidad latinoamericana teniendo en cuenta los problemas siguientes:
High resolution synthetic aperture radar using a multiple sub-band technique (1997)

The resolution of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) does not compare well with optical sensors (~25 m for the ERS SAR compared with ~5 m for the SPOT panchromatic channel). For many applications the user demands better resolution from the SAR than currently achievable. There is therefore considerable interest in improving the SAR resolution by an order of magnitude, say. There are two basic ways of achieving this aim using (1) strip map SAR, and (2) spotlight SAR. There is another approach based on partitioning the total array length into sub-arrays which offers the potential for higher resolution without the swath limitations of a conventional strip map solution and without the beam steering of a spotlight solution. The paper reviews this technique. It presents a natural generalisation of this technique to one which additionally partitions the total system bandwidth into sub-bands. This concept is outlined, and the implications for processing are discussed. Comments are included on the required isolation between the sub-bands, and the advantages and disadvantages of the new sub-band technique are discussed.
The design of multi-agent coordination and control systems using stigmergy (2001)

Stigmergy is a coordination mechanism observable in biological insect societies like ant colonies. It is based on the behavior of these ants to create a dissipative field by spreading smelling substances into their environment. Ants permanently interact with this dissipative field, being guided by it to certain activities and changing it by spreading pheromones as a reflection of their activities. Stigmergy allows complex social behavior to emerge from simple activities of single ants. It has surprisingly good properties in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This paper presents concepts for designing agent-based control systems based on the concept of stigmergy. It shows necessary concepts for a software architecture to allow stigmergic acting of agents, and how stigmergic concepts yield a suitable control behavior. An example in manufacturing control is used for illustration. Key words: pheromone, emergent, shop floor control 1.
On Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids and γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Bulbs and Seeds of <i>Allium</i> Species (1966)

[in Japanese]
Beyond the reef: role conflict and the professional musician in Hawaii (1985)

There have been, since Becker's pioneering work in the field of jazz (Becker 1951), a small handful of empirical studies that have focused on the popular musician in society – most specifically with respect to the conflicts such musicians can feel between what they want to play and what is demanded of them by their audience and the larger commercial market. Becker pointed out the vast differences between the expectations of the audience, those of the employers and those of the performer. In general, the audience expects the musician to play commercially popular tunes in an orthodox manner. The employer, concerned about money, applies financial sanctions to coerce the musician to fulfil audience expectations. The musicians, on the other hand, prefer to play the more individually expressive and esoteric forms of their music – in this case, jazz.
Rule-based visual speech synthesis (1995)

A system for rule based audiovisual text-to-speech synthesis has been created. The system is based on the KTH text-to-speech system which has been complemented with a three-dimensional parameterized model of a human face. The face can be animated in real time, synchronized with the auditory speech. The facial model is controlled by the same synthesis software as the auditory speech synthesizer. A set of rules that takes coarticulation into account has been developed. The audiovisual text-to-speech system has also been incorporated into a spoken man-machine dialogue system that is being developed at the department.
Adjuvant adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-platinum) in primary osteosarcoma (1981)

Twelve consecutive patients with osteosarcoma who were without evidence of metastases were treated with Adriamycin and cis-platinum in an adjuvant fashion. The primary lesion was in the distal femur in five patients, proximal tibia in three, and one each in the proximal femur, proximal humerus, sacrum, and a previously irradiated orbit. Surgery consisted of amputation in eight, limb-salvage procedures in two, and regional resections in the patients with orbital and sacral lesions. Postoperatively, Adriamycin at 30 mg/m2/d, for three days alternated every three weeks with cis-platinum, 100 mg/m2, once daily or 60 mg/m2/d, for two days i.v. drip forced i.v. fluid diuresis. Adriamycin was given to a total dose of 540 mg/m2. Ten of 12 patients remain continually disease-free with a median time on study of 23+ months (range 12+-41+ months). Local recurrences, without evidence of metastatic disease, occurred in the patient with the orbital lesion and the patient who underwent the regional resection for the lesion of the proximal humerus at 20 and 17 months from diagnosis, respectively. Nine patients are off all chemotherapy from 6+ to 33+ months (median 22+ months). Administration of cis-platinum was limited to eight courses because of renal and ototoxicity. Despite appreciable toxicity, this chemotherapeutic regimen appears to be a highly effective adjuvant in the management of primary nonmetastatic osteosarcoma.
Regulation of the glucose:H+ symporter by metabolite-activated ATP-dependent phosphorylation of HPr in Lactobacillus brevis (1994)

Lactobacillus brevis takes up glucose and the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), as well as lactose and the nonmetabolizable lactose analoge thiomethyl beta-galactoside (TMG), via proton symport. Our earlier studies showed that TMG, previously accumulated in L. brevis cells via the lactose:H+ symporter, rapidly effluxes from L. brevis cells or vesicles upon addition of glucose and that glucose inhibits further accumulation of TMG. This regulation was shown to be mediated by a metabolite-activated protein kinase that phosphorylase serine 46 in the HPr protein. We have now analyzed the regulation of 2DG uptake and efflux and compared it with that of TMG. Uptake of 2DG was dependent on an energy source, effectively provided by intravesicular ATP or by extravesicular arginine which provides ATP via an ATP-generating system involving the arginine deiminase pathway. 2DG uptake into these vesicles was not inhibited, and preaccumulated 2DG did not efflux from them upon electroporation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate or gluconate 6-phosphate into the vesicles. Intravesicular but not extravesicular wild-type or H15A mutant HPr of Bacillus subtilis promoted inhibition (53 and 46%, respectively) of the permease in the presence of these metabolites. Counterflow experiments indicated that inhibition of 2DG uptake is due to the partial uncoupling of proton symport from sugar transport. Intravesicular S46A mutant HPr could not promote regulation of glucose permease activity when electroporated into the vesicles with or without the phosphorylated metabolites, but the S46D mutant protein promoted regulation, even in the absence of a metabolite. The Vmax but not the Km values for both TMG and 2DG uptake were affected. Uptake of the natural, metabolizable substrates of the lactose, glucose, mannose, and ribose permeases was inhibited by wild-type HPr in the presence of fructose 1,6-diphosphate or by S46D mutant HPr. These results establish that HPr serine phosphorylation by the ATP-dependent, metabolite-activated HPr kinase regulates glucose and lactose permease activities in L. brevis and suggest that other permeases may also be subject to this mode of regulation.
“PINOT”: Time‐resolved parallel magnetic resonance imaging with a reduced dynamic field of view (2010)

This article introduces a novel method named "Parallel Imaging and Noquist in Tandem" (PINOT) for accelerated image acquisition of cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This method combines two prior information formalisms, the SPACE-RIP implementation of parallel imaging and the Noquist method for reduced-data image reconstruction with prior knowledge of static and dynamic regions in the field of view. The general theory is presented, and supported by results from experiments using time-resolved two-dimensional simulation data and retrospectively sub-sampled magnetic resonance imaging data with acceleration factors around 4. A signal-to-noise ratio analysis and a comparison study with TSENSE and k-t SENSE show that PINOT performs favorably in preserving edge detail, at a cost in signal-to-noise ratio and computational complexity.
Simulation-based training of medical teams to manage chemical warfare casualties. (2002)

With chemical warfare becoming an imminent threat, medical systems need to be prepared to treat the resultant mass casualties. Medical preparedness should not be limited to the triage and logistics of mass casualties and first-line treatment, but should include knowledge and training covering the whole medical spectrum. In view of the unique characteristics of chemical warfare casualties the use of simulation-assisted medical training is highly appropriate. Our objective was to explore the potential of simulator-based teaching to train medical teams in the treatment of chemical warfare casualties. The training concept integrates several types of skill-training simulators, including high tech and low tech simulators as well as standardized simulated patients in a specialized simulated setting. The combined use of multistimulation modalities makes this maverick program an excellent solution for the challenge of multidisciplinary training in the face of the looming chemical warfare threat.
Extraction-Free, Filter-Based Template Preparation for Rapid and Sensitive PCR Detection of Pathogenic Parasitic Protozoa (2000)

Within the last several years, the protozoan parasites Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and microsporidia have become recognized as important, rapidly emerging human pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Since the early 1990s, many of the reported outbreaks of enteric illness caused by these microorganisms have been attributed to food- and water-borne contamination. Many inherent obstacles affect the success of current surveillance and detection methods used to monitor and control levels of contamination by these pathogens. Unlike methods that incorporate preenrichment for easier and unambiguous identification of bacterial pathogens, similar methods for the detection of parasitic protozoa either are not currently available or cannot be performed in a timely manner. We have developed an extraction-free, filter-based protocol to prepare DNA templates for use in PCR to identify C. cayetanensis and C. parvum oocysts and microsporidia spores. This method requires only minimal preparation to partially purify and concentrate isolates prior to filter application. DNA template preparation is rapid, efficient, and reproducible. As few as 3 to 10 parasites could be detected by PCR from direct application to the filters. In studies, as few 10 to 50 Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores could be detected when seeded in a 100-microliter stool sample and 10 to 30 C. cayetanensis oocysts could be detected per 100 g of fresh raspberries. This protocol can easily be adapted to detect parasites from a wide variety of food, clinical, and environmental samples and can be used in multiplex PCR applications.
Simultaneous blockade of VEGF and Dll4 by HD105, a bispecific antibody, inhibits tumor progression and angiogenesis (2016)

Several angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway have been approved for cancer treatment. However, VEGF inhibitors alone were shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by increasing intratumoral hypoxia in some preclinical and clinical studies. Emerging reports suggest that Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) is a promising target of angiogenesis inhibition to augment the effects of VEGF inhibitors. To evaluate the effects of simultaneous blockade against VEGF and Dll4, we developed a bispecific antibody, HD105, targeting VEGF and Dll4. The HD105 bispecific antibody, which is composed of an anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab-similar) backbone C-terminally linked with a Dll4-targeting single-chain variable fragment, showed potent binding affinities against VEGF (KD: 1.3 nM) and Dll4 (KD: 30 nM). In addition, the HD105 bispecific antibody competitively inhibited the binding of ligands to their receptors, i.e., VEGF to VEGFR2 (EC50: 2.84 ± 0.41 nM) and Dll4 to Notch1 (EC50: 1.14 ± 0.06 nM). Using in vitro cell-based assays, we found that HD105 effectively blocked both the VEGF/VEGFR2 and Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathways in endothelial cells, resulting in a conspicuous inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting. HD105 also suppressed Dll4-induced Notch1-dependent activation of the luciferase gene. In vivo xenograft studies demonstrated that HD105 more efficiently inhibited the tumor progression of human A549 lung and SCH gastric cancers than an anti-VEGF antibody or anti-Dll4 antibody alone. In conclusion, HD105 may be a novel therapeutic bispecific antibody for cancer treatment.
Analyses of Recombinant Stereotypic <i>IGHV3-21</i>–Encoded Antibodies Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2011)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells that use IgH encoded by IGHV3-21 and that have a particular stereotypic third CDR (HCDR3), DANGMDV (motif-1), almost invariably express Ig L chains (IgL) encoded by IGLV3-21, whereas CLL that use IGHV3-21-encoded IgH with another stereotypic HCDR3, DPSFYSSSWTLFDY (motif-2), invariably express κ-IgL encoded by IGKV3-20. This nonstochastic pairing could reflect steric factors that preclude these IgH from pairing with other IgL or selection for an Ig with a particular Ag-binding activity. We generated rIg with IGHV3-21-encoded IgH with HCDR3 motif-1 or -2 and IgL encoded by IGKV3-20 or IGLV3-21. Each IgH paired equally well with matched or mismatched κ- or λ-IgL to form functional Ig, which we screened for binding to an array of different Ags. Ig with IGLV3-21-encoded λ-IgL could bind with an affinity of ∼ 2 × 10(-6) M to protein L, a cell-wall protein of Peptostreptococcus magnus, independent of the IgH, indicating that protein L is a superantigen for IGLV3-21-encoded λ-IgL. We also detected Ig binding to cofilin, a highly conserved actin-binding protein. However, cofilin binding was independent of native pairing of IgH and IgL and was not specific for Ig with IgH encoded by IGHV3-21. We conclude that steric factors or the binding activity for protein L or cofilin cannot account for the nonstochastic pairing of IgH and IgL observed for the stereotypic Ig made by CLL cells that express IGHV3-21.
The danger hypothesis applied to idiosyncratic drug reactions (2003)

No one model fits the characteristics of all idiosyncratic drug reactions; however, the danger model provides a new perspective and suggests avenues of research that have the potential to increase our ability to predict and prevent such reactions significantly.
A method to extract essential keywords from a tweet using NLP tools (2016)

A tweet is an authentic use of Natural Language where the user has to deliver the message in 140 characters or less. According to previous researchers, this restriction increases the possible ambiguity of a tweet making it difficult for traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to analyze it. This research enhances the machine learning based Stanford CoreNLP Part-of-Speech (POS) tagger with the Twitter model to extract essential keywords from a tweet. The system was enhanced using two rule-based parsers and a corpus. The research was conducted using tweets of customer service requests sent to a telecommunication company. A domain specific corpus was compiled after analyzing the tweets. The POS tagger extracted the keywords while the parsers removed any possible noise and extracted any other keywords missed by the POS tagger. The evaluation of the system was done using the Turing Test. The proposed system was tested and compared against the Stanford CoreNLP. The testing was conducted using 6 test cases, each consisting of a human keyword generator and a supervisor. In order to ensure the impartiality and intellectual diversity, the response generators and supervisors were representatives of 6 different fields. As a result of the enhancements, the Turing Test score of the system increased from 50.00% to 83.33%. The accuracy of the system could be further improved by using a complete domain specific corpus. Since the approach used theoretical linguistic features of a sentence, the same method could be employed for other NLP tools.
Alteration of Ganglioside Composition by Stable Transfection with Antisense Vectors against GD3-Synthase Gene Expression (1999)

Gangliosides are ubiquitous components of mammalian cells. Their expression is frequently altered in many tumor types. We previously showed that alteration of the ganglioside composition often resulted in changes in cellular morphology and differentiation of cultured cells. In this study, we targeted sialyltransferase gene expression by the antisense knockdown experiment, and the results showed that inhibition of the expression of gangliosides GD3 and O-acetylated GD3 (OAc-GD3) in the neuroblastoma F-11 cells greatly reduced the tumor growth in nude mice. The sense and antisense vectors containing either a 5' end fragment or the entire sequence of the cDNA coding for GD3-synthase were prepared and used in separate experiments to transfect the F-11 cells which express high levels of gangliosides GD3 and OAc-GD3. Single clones were isolated and expanded. Both the activity of the GD3-synthase and the concentrations of GD3 and OAc-GD3 in the antisense-transfected cells were dramatically decreased as a result of transfection with the antisense expression vectors. Further characterization of the antisense-transfected cells showed reduced rates of cell growth and neurite formation and changes in cellular morphology. When the cells were inoculated in athymic nude mice, the tumor growth rate was remarkably suppressed although the tumor incidence was not affected by the altered ganglioside composition. These results indicate that the tumor-associated ganglioside(s) is(are) involved in regulation of tumor growth, probably through the stimulation of angiogenesis of the tumor.