gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Giant” Gyroscope‐Like Molecules Consisting of Dipolar Cl‐Rh‐CO Rotators Encased in Three‐Spoke Stators That Define 25–27‐Membered Macrocycles (2006)

Yet another feat for the Grubbs catalyst: Reactions with 1 a,b followed by hydrogenations give 2 a,b. The sizeable cavities of 2, which were characterized crystallographically, allow for rapid Cl-Rh-CO rotation in solution. Reactions with ArCCLi give ArCC–Rh–CO species; when the aryl group is sufficiently large, it is confined between two macrocycles, blocking rotation. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601191_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Produce and Consume Linked Data with Drupal! (2009)

Currently a large number of Web sites are driven by Content Management Systems (CMS) which manage textual and multimedia content but also - inherently - carry valuable information about a site’s structure and content model. Exposing this structured information to the Web of Data has so far required considerable expertise in RDF and OWL modelling and additional programming effort. In this paper we tackle one of the most popular CMS: Drupal. We enable site administrators to export their site content model and data to the Web of Data without requiring extensive knowledge on Semantic Web technologies. Our modules create RDFa annotations and – optionally – a SPARQL endpoint for any Drupal site out of the box. Likewise, we add the means to map the site data to existing ontologies on the Web with a search interface to find commonly used ontology terms. We also allow a Drupal site administrator to include existing RDF data from remote SPARQL endpoints on the Web in the site. When brought together, these features allow networked RDF Drupal sites that reuse and enrich Linked Data. We finally discuss the adoption of our modules and report on a use case in the biomedical field and the current status of its deployment.
Field trial of metrifonate in the treatment and prevention of Schistosomiasis infection in man (1977)

A field trial was set up to test the prophylactic properties of the organophosphorous drug metrifonate (Bilarcil Bayer AG). Subjects were rural African children living in an area of Rhodesia where Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni are highly endemic. The trial was conducted in three stages, a preliminary period of therapy followed by two six-month periods of prophylaxis. Parasitological and haematological tests were carried out monthly and major assessments (including clinical examinations) were carried out prior to the start of the trial and at the end of each of the three stages. Drug was given to the appropriate groups at a dose rate of 7-5 mg/kg once per fortnight for three doses during the therapy stage and four-weekly during the prophylaxis stage. Results with S. haematobium were very good. A 60% cure-rate was observed six weeks aection was obtained in those children continuing to receive the drug as a prophylactic, even during the season of highest transmission; intensities of infection in those who became infected were very low. Infection rates in the treated but unprotected group rose steadily from 40% at week 11 to 95% at week 70. There was a sigificant effect upon the intensity of S. mansoni infections only when pre- and post-trial data were compared. Apart from the anticipated (and previously reported) depression of plasma cholinesterase values no side effects were recorded. Drug tolerance and acceptibility were very high. It is likely that the costs of a year's protection against S. Haematobium using metrifonate will be significantly lower than protection by molluscicidal techniques or single courses of treatment with established drugs.
Self‐assembling cyclodextrin based hydrogels for the sustained delivery of hydrophobic drugs (2007)

This study aims to investigate the rheological properties of self-assembling gels containing cyclodextrins with potential application as injectable matrix for the sustained delivery of poorly soluble drugs. The ability of these gels to entrap two hydrophobic molecules, benzophenone (BZ) and tamoxifen (TM), and to allow their in vitro sustained release was evaluated. In view of their future pharmaceutical use, gels were sterilized by high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) and tested for their biocompatibility. The gels formed instantaneously at room temperature, by mixing the aqueous solutions of two polymers: a beta-cyclodextrin polymer (pbetaCD) and a hydrophobically modified dextran by grafting alkyl side chains (MD). MD-pbetaCD gels presented a viscoelastic behavior under low shear, characterized by constant values of the loss modulus G'' and the storage modulus G'. The most stable gels were obtained for a total polymer concentration C(p) of 6.6% and 7.5% (w/w), and a polymer ratio MD/pbetaCD of 50/50 and 33/67 (w/w). BZ and TM were successfully incorporated into MD-pbetaCD gels with loading efficiencies as high as 90%. In vitro, TM and BZ were released gradually from the gel matrix with less than 25% and 75% release, respectively, after 6 days incubation. HHP treatment did not modify the rheological characteristics of MD-pbetaCD gels. Moreover, the low toxicity of these gels after intramuscular administration in rabbits makes them promising injectable devices for local delivery of drugs.
FAM150A and FAM150B are activating ligands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (2015)

Aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been described in a range of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma (Hallberg and Palmer, 2013). Vertebrate ALK has been considered to be an orphan receptor and the identity of the ALK ligand(s) is a critical issue. Here we show that FAM150A and FAM150B are potent ligands for human ALK that bind to the extracellular domain of ALK and in addition to activation of wild-type ALK are able to drive 'superactivation' of activated ALK mutants from neuroblastoma. In conclusion, our data show that ALK is robustly activated by the FAM150A/B ligands and provide an opportunity to develop ALK-targeted therapies in situations where ALK is overexpressed/activated or mutated in the context of the full length receptor.
A Method to Characterize IPMC Membrane Sensor (2006)

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are emerging materials used to realize motion sensors and actuators. In the former case by bending an IPMC membrane an electric signal is obtained, while in the latter case an electric input is able to cause the membrane to bend. Hence, it makes sense to investigate the opportunity to use IPMCs to build either actuators or sensors. Though a number of interesting properties have been described for such materials, few results have been obtained regarding their characterization. In this work, a new experimental setup to investigate IPMC behaviour as sensors is described and some results of the analysis of sensing properties of IPMCs strips are presented. In particular attention is focused on the influence of IPMC structure on the performance of the sensor and preliminary results concerning its life time are shows
CMP process optimization for improved compatibility with advanced metal liners (2010)

As copper interconnect structures are shrinking with each technology node novel metals other than PVD Ta(N)/Ta are being introduced as barrier materials. These materials act as seed enhancement layers and enable the Cu filling of the narrowest structures. However, the integration of such metals into the manufacturing of sub-35 nm wide Cu lines produces several challenges which need to be addressed. One of these challenges is the compatibility of the interconnect metals with the copper Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) step. In particular, corrosion issues and Cu defectivity in the trenches need to be controlled. An evaluation of the compatibility of the CMP slurries with the new incorporated materials therefore becomes extremely important. Our work shows that by optimizing the CMP process and selecting compatible slurries, novel metals such as CVD Co (combined with a Ta(N) barrier) are promising candidates for the metallization of sub-35 nm lines.
Damage mechanisms in components for fiber lasers and amplifiers (2005)

In this paper we review the damage mechanisms that need to be considered when building high power fibre lasers. More specifically we look at thermal issues, optically induced coating damage, bulk and surface damage thresholds of the host glass. We also discuss the reliability of tapered fibre bundles and Bragg gratings at these power densities.
Current and Future Developments in Patents for Quantitative Trait Loci in Dairy Cattle (2007)

Many studies have proposed that rates of genetic gain in dairy cattle can be increased by direct selection on the individual quantitative loci responsible for the genetic variation in these traits, or selection on linked genetic markers. The development of DNA-level genetic markers has made detection of QTL nearly routine in all major livestock species. The studies that attempted to detect genes affecting quantitative traits can be divided into two categories: analysis of candidate genes, and genome scans based on within-family genetic linkage. To date, 12 patent cooperative treaty (PCT) and US patents have been registered for DNA sequences claimed to be associated with effects on economic traits in dairy cattle. All claim effects on milk production, but other traits are also included in some of the claims. Most of the sequences found by the candidate gene approach are of dubious validity, and have been repeated in only very few independent studies. The two missense mutations on chromosomes 6 and 14 affecting milk concentration derived from genome scans are more solidly based, but the claims are also disputed. A few PCT in dairy cattle are commercialized as genetic tests where commercial dairy farmers are the target market.
Mechanical Properties of Cu-Cr-Nb Alloys (1997)

The chemical compositions of the alloys are listed. The alloying levels were near the values for stochiometric Cr2Nb. A slight excess of Cr was chosen for increased hydrogen embrittlement resistance. The microstructures of all Cu-Cr-Nb alloys were very similar. Two typical transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs are presented. The images show the presence of large mount of Cr2Nb precipitates in a nearly pure Cu matrix. The interactions between dislocations and precipitates are currently under investigations, but as the images demonstrates, the extremely fine (less then 15 nm) Cr2Nb are the primary strengtheners for the alloy.
Indocyanine green as a noncovalent, pseudofluorogenic label for protein determination by capillary electrophoresis (2001)

Indocyanine green (ICG)--a negatively charged, polymethine dye--can interact noncovalently with proteins to form fluorescent complexes, with excitation and emission maxima near 780 and 820 nm, respectively. This behavior was realized utilizing either a 100 mM phosphate buffer or a 25 mM citric acid buffer, both at pH 3.1. The behavior of ICG under these conditions, termed pseudofluorogenic, rendered the dye suitable for use as a label for protein determination in capillary electrophoresis with diode laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). To this end, pseudofluorogenic ICG was used both as an on-column label for human serum albumin (HSA) and as a precolumn label for a model mixture of proteins, including ribonuclease A, transferrin, and cytochrome c. These ICG-labeled proteins were successfully resolved in less than 11 min, with no interference from excess, unbound dye.
Supervision as Collaborative Conversation: Connecting the Voices of Supervisor and Supervisee (1995)

In this paper we discuss our approach to supervision informed by a postmodern philosophy: knowledge as socially constructed and language as generative. The collaborative nature of the process, the associated characteristics and conceptual tools, and the philosophical stance—the supervisor posture and attitude critical to the process. We weave in supervisees' voices to help us capture the essence of this philosophical stance and supervisory process, and to remain with its spirit.
Proteoglycan obtained from bovine aorta suppress thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. (1992)

Proteoglycan (PG), isolated and purified from bovine aorta (intima-media), consisted of 68.6% chondroitin 4/6-sulfate (CS 4/6-S), 30% dermatan sulfate (DS), 1.4% heparan sulfate (HS), and a trace of hyaluronic acid (HA). PG did not affect platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, and epinephrine, but inhibited that induced by thrombin. Of the standard GAGs investigated, hyaluronic acid (HA) and CS-4/6-S slightly inhibited only thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. However, PG and standard GAGs did not affect the thrombin induced aggregation of washed platelets. The effect of PG after papain digestion on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was less potent than that before. It is suggested by the results of this study that PG in the aorta inactivates plasma thrombin, probably by inhibiting thrombin activators or potentiating substances which inactivate thrombin and that these effect of PG would be mainly due to PG-DS and partly due to PG-HS.
Understanding Ceria Nanoparticles from First-Principles Calculations (2007)

Octahedral clusters (CeO2-x)n (n ≤ 85) have been studied using a density functional method (DFT+U) adapted to model nanocrystalline ceria. The binding energies of the clusters Ce19O32, Ce44O80, and Ce85O160 are shown to converge to the bulk limit almost linearly with respect to the average coordination number of Ce. The experimentally detected anomalous lattice expansion for nanoscale (CeO2-x)n particles of decreasing size is explicitly assigned to the presence of oxygen vacancies. Partially reduced Ce3+ cations are found to occupy more open edge and corner sites of the nanoparticles, whereas most oxidized Ce4+ centers are located in highly coordinated positions. This finding is crucial for the understanding of ceria reactivity at the nanoscale.
The effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride on the resting point of accommodation. (1983)

Previous models for ocular accommodation have suggested a dual sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle. Such models would predict that sympathomimetic drugs should change the resting point or dark focus of accommodation. The effect of an alpha-adrenergic agonist (10% phenylephrine hydrochloride) on accommodation was examined; the results show a decrease in the near point of accommodation, without a change in the resting point of accommodation. These results suggest that the accommodative state of the eye is not the result of a simple balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation as proposed by previous models of accommodation.
Measurement of vehicle ground speed with inertia sensors – computation issues (2008)

This paper proposes a new method for the measurement of train speed using bogie mounted inertial sensors, which may achieve a measurement accuracy far better than what is specified in UIC-5014-05 for wheel slide control. The proposed method measures the speed from a time shift between the dynamic motions of two wheelsets which are derived from the responses of a railway bogie to track excitations, in particular track irregularities that always exist in rail tracks. Two inertial sensors will be required and mounted onto a bogie frame to measure the bounce and pitch accelerations (or lateral and yaw accelerations).
Shape- and Size-Dependent Refractive Index Sensitivity of Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

Gold nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes, including nanospheres, nanocubes, nanobranches, nanorods, and nanobipyramids, were dispersed into water-glycerol mixtures of varying volume ratios to investigate the response of their surface plasmon peaks to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The refractive index sensitivities and figures of merit were found to be dependent on both the shape and the size of the Au nanoparticles. The index sensitivities generally increase as Au nanoparticles become elongated and their apexes become sharper. Au nanospheres exhibit the smallest refractive index sensitivity of 44 nm/RIU and Au nanobranches exhibit the largest index sensitivity of 703 nm/RIU. Au nanobipyramids possess the largest figures of merit, which increase from 1.7 to 4.5 as the aspect ratio is increased from 1.5 to 4.7.
An efficient approach for providing update information among networked appliances (2006)

To establish a network service, networked appliances need to exchange among themselves relevant information such as device capabilities, table of contents and control commands. Although UPnP provides a scheme for exchanging information and issuing commands, it’s not an appropriate scheme for providing update information because of a heavyweight protocol. In this paper we propose an efficient approach to provide update information of networked appliances that includes a resource limited device such as a sensor, and we suggest several applications using the distributed update information as meta-data of RSS.
The Conquest of Taxol (1995)

Abstract Much has been written about taxol, one of the newest weapons against cancer, and its producer, the Pacific Yew tree ( Taxus brevifolia ). K. C. Nicolaou, W.‐M. Dai, R. K. Guy, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106 , 38–69; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33 , 15–44. In this article, the authors give a frank and behind‐the‐scenes account of their encounter with this well‐known molecule, which they and their collaborators faced as a synthetic target. K. C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.‐J. Liu, H. Ueno, P. G. Nantermet, R. K. Guy, C. F. Claiborne, J. Renaud, E. A. Couladouros, K. Paulvannan, E. J. Sorensen, Nature (London) 1994, 367 , 630–634. K. C. Nicolaou, J.‐J. Liu, Z. Yang, H. Ueno, R. K. Guy, E. A. Couladouros, E. J. Sorensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117 , 624–633. K. C. Nicolaou, J.‐J. Liu, Z. Yang, H. Ueno, E. J. Sorensen, C. F. Claiborne, R. K. Guy, C.‐K. Hwang, M. Nakada, P. G. Nantermet, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117 , 634–644. K. C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.‐J. Liu, P. G. Nantermet, C. F. Claiborne, J. Renaud, R. K. Guy, K. Shibayama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117 , 645–652. K. C. Nicolaou, H. Ueno, J.‐J. Liu, P. G. Nantermet, Z. Yang, J. Renaud, K. Paulvannan, R. Chadha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117 , 653–659. Once again total synthesis is found to offer excellent opportunities for developing new synthetic strategies and novel reactions. The team of chemists who took up this challenge emerged with valuable experience and confidence in their skills.
Reducing Assembly Complexity of Microbial\nGenomes with Single-Molecule Sequencing (2013)

Background: The short reads output by first- and second-generation DNA sequencing instruments cannot completely reconstruct microbial chromosomes. Therefore, most genomes have been left unfinished due to the significant resources required to manually close gaps in draft assemblies. Third-generation, single-molecule sequencing addresses this problem by greatly increasing sequencing read length, which simplifies the assembly problem.\nResults: To measure the benefit of single-molecule sequencing on microbial genome assembly, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of six bacteria and analyzed the repeat complexity of 2,267 complete bacteria and archaea. Our results indicate that the majority of known bacterial and archaeal genomes can be assembled without gaps, at finished-grade quality, using a single PacBio RS sequencing library. These single-library assemblies are also more accurate than typical short-read assemblies and hybrid assemblies of short and long reads.\nConclusions: Automated assembly of long, single-molecule sequencing data reduces the cost of microbial finishing to $1,000 for most genomes, and future advances in this technology are expected to drive the cost lower. This is expected to increase the number of completed genomes, improve the quality of microbial genome databases, and enable high-fidelity, population-scale studies of pan-genomes and chromosomal organization.
A Framework for System Event Classification and Prediction by Means of Machine Learning (2015)

During operation, software systems produce large amounts of log events, comprising notifications of different severity from various hardware and software components. These data include important information that helps to diagnose problems in the system, e.g., post-mortem root cause analysis. Manual
Numerical Simulation of Liquid Sloshing in Three- Dimensional Tanks (1991)

Three-dimensional nonlinear sloshing effects due to tank motions are simulated by solving boundary value problem using the panel method based on boundary integral technique. While Shinkai used boundary elements on which source strengths vary linearly between nodes, the source of constant strength is distributed on each triangular panel in the present study. The source strength at each time step is determined by solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind obtained from Green's theorem. To avoid cumulative numerical errors as time elapses, Adam-Bashforth-Moulton method is employed. Numerical examples for the case of partially filled spherical tank on board oscillating in harmonic sway mode or pitch mode are solved. The elevation of the free surface is compared with the result by Shinkai and confirmed in good agreement during early time. The input and the output energy are comparatively evaluated to check the overall accuracy of the present numerical scheme. Although some leakage of energy are found as time marches, it is plausible when we take into account nonlinearities of the problem and the number of panels of the model.
Strengths And Limitations Of The Phase Doppler Technique For Simultaneous Measurements Of Particle Velocity And Size (1988)

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) is a well-established technique for making non-intrusive measurements of particle velocities in a wide variety of situations. However, the particle velocities so measured are often much more useful if the sizes of the individual particles measured are also known. While it is possible to analyse standard LDV signals to obtain measurements of particle size simultaneously with those of particle velocity in some circumstances, this method is difficult to use on a routine basis. The recent extension of LDV usually known as the phase-Doppler technique has, however, made simultaneous size and velocity measurements much more straightforward. The principles of this method and its strengths and limitations will be discussed. In particular, although in principle the method is restricted to cases where the particles or droplets are nearly spherical, evidence will be presented to show that this restriction can be relaxed if the data is processed suitably. It will be shown that as a by-product of this, it is also possible to extract information about the degree of sphericity of the material studied. Finally, application of this technique to a number of industrially important flows will be considered, and some of the problems encountered will be described.