gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled doping of graphene using ultraviolet irradiation (2012)

The electronic properties of graphene are tunable via doping, making it attractive in low dimensional organic electronics. Common methods of doping graphene, however, adversely affect charge mobility and degrade device performance. We demonstrate a facile shadow mask technique of defining electrodes on graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) thereby eliminating the use of detrimental chemicals needed in the corresponding lithographic process. Further, we report on the controlled, effective, and reversible doping of graphene via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with minimal impact on charge mobility. The change in charge concentration saturates at ∼2 × 1012 cm–2 and the quantum yield is ∼10−5 e/photon upon initial UV exposure. This simple and controlled strategy opens the possibility of doping wafer-size CVD graphene for diverse applications.
Self-Configuring Multi-hop Ad-Hoc Wireless Telephony for Small Enterprises (2007)

In this paper, the authors motivate the interesting characteristics of small-to-medium enterprises and study the problem of wireless IP telephony for such deployments. While small enterprises are characterized by few network nodes and small deployment areas, they also demand good IP telephony quality, ease of deployment, and low management and configuration overhead. The authors evaluate the feasibility of peer-to-peer telephony over a multi-hop wireless ad-hoc network for such small enterprises. The authors designed a system and built a prototype using off-the-shelf components. In this paper, the authors describe the implementation and deployment of this system. Several fundamental routing protocol issues needed to be resolved to develop a stable system and the authors present them here. The authors also report the results of a simulation study they conducted to establish the configuration and performance parameters for such systems, and identify the limits to the use of multi-hop ad-hoc wireless for peer-to-peer IP telephony for small enterprises.
Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Trioxide, and Mercury Emissions during Oxy-fuel Fluidized Bed Combustion of Victorian Brown Coal (2014)

This study investigates, for the first time, the NOx, N2O, SO3, and Hg emissions from combustion of a Victorian brown coal in a 10 kWth fluidized bed unit under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Compared to air combustion, lower NOx emissions and higher N2O formation were observed in the oxy-fuel atmosphere. These NOx reduction and N2O formations were further enhanced with steam in the combustion environment. The NOx concentration level in the flue gas was within the permissible limit in coal-fired power plants in Victoria. Therefore, an additional NOx removal system will not be required using this coal. In contrast, both SO3 and gaseous mercury concentrations were considerably higher under oxy-fuel combustion compared to that in the air combustion. Around 83% of total gaseous mercury released was Hg(0), with the rest emitted as Hg(2+). Therefore, to control harmful Hg(0), a mercury removal system may need to be considered to avoid corrosion in the boiler and CO2 separation units during the oxy-fuel fluidized-bed combustion using this coal.
Effect of castanospermine on the structure and secretion of glycoprotein enzymes in Aspergillus fumigatus (1984)

Aspergillus fumigatus secretes a number of glycosidases into the culture medium when the cells are grown in a mineral salts medium containing guar flour (a galactomannan) as the carbon source. At least some of these glycosidases have been reported to be glycoproteins having N-linked oligosaccharides. In this study, we examined the effect of the glycoprotein processing inhibitor, castanospermine, on the structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides and on the secretion of various glycosidases. Cells were grown in the presence of various amounts of castanospermine; at different times of growth, samples of the media were removed for the measurement of enzymatic activity. Of the three glycosidases assayed, beta-hexosaminidase was most sensitive to castanospermine; and its activity was depressed 30 to 40% at 100 micrograms of alkaloid per ml and even more at higher alkaloid concentrations. On the other hand, beta-galactosidase activity was hardly diminished at castanospermine levels of up to 1 mg/ml, but significant inhibition was observed at 2 mg/ml. beta-Galactosidase was intermediate in sensitivity. Cells were grown in the presence or absence of castanospermine and labeled with [2-3H]mannose, [6-3H]glucosamine, or [1-3H]galactose to label the sugar portion of the glycoproteins. The secreted glycoproteins were digested with pronase to obtain glycopeptides, and these were identified on Bio-Gel P-4 (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The glycopeptides were then digested with endoglucosaminidase H to release the peptide portion of susceptible structures, and the released oligosaccharides were reisolated and identified on Bio-Gel P-4. The oligosaccharides from control and castanospermine-grown cells were identified by a combination of enzymatic and chemical studies. In control cells, the oligosaccharide appeared to be mostly Man8GlcNAc and Man9GlcNAc, whereas in the presence of alkaloid, the major structures were Glc3Man7GlcNAc and Glc3Man8GlcNAc. These data fit previous observations that castanospermine inhibits glucosidase I.
Histone ADP-Ribosylation Facilitates Gene Transcription by Directly Remodeling Nucleosomes (2012)

The packaging of DNA into nucleosomes imposes obstacles on gene transcription, and histone-modifying and nucleosome-remodeling complexes work in concert to alleviate these obstacles so as to facilitate transcription. Emerging evidence shows that chromatin-associated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and its enzymatic activity facilitate inflammatory gene transcription and modulate the inflammatory response in animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PARP-1 enzymatic activity facilitates transcription are not well understood. Here we show that through an intracellular signaling pathway, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induces PARP-1 enzymatic activity and the ADP-ribosylation of histones at transcriptionally active and accessible chromatin regions in macrophages. In vitro DNase I footprinting and restriction endonuclease accessibility assays reveal that histone ADP-ribosylation directly destabilizes histone-DNA interactions in the nucleosome and increases the site accessibility of the nucleosomal DNA to nucleases. Consistent with this, LPS stimulation-induced ADP-ribosylation at the nucleosome-occupied promoters of il-1β, mip-2, and csf2 facilitates NF-κB recruitment and the transcription of these genes in macrophages. Therefore, our data suggest that PARP-1 enzymatic activity facilitates gene transcription through increasing promoter accessibility by histone ADP-ribosylation.
Herbivore: A Scalable and Efficient Protocol for Anonymous Communication (2003)

Anonymity is increasingly important for networked applications amidst concerns over censorship and privacy. In this paper, we describe Herbivore, a peer-to-peer, scalable, tamper-resilient communication system that provides provable anonymity and privacy. Building on dining cryptographer networks, Herbivore scales by partitioning the network into anonymizing cliques. Adversaries able to monitor all network traffic cannot deduce the identity of a sender or receiver beyond an anonymizing clique. In addition to strong anonymity, Herbivore simultaneously provides high efficiency and scalability, distinguishing it from other anonymous communication protocols. Performance measurements from a prototype implementation show that the system can achieve high bandwidths and low latencies when deployed over the Internet.
The Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Kinase Pathway Facilitates Differential GADD45a Expression in Response to Environmental Stress (2006)

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) regulates general and gene-specific translation in response to diverse environmental stresses. Central to gene expression induced by eIF2 phosphorylation is the preferential translation of ATF4, a basic zipper transcription activator. Phosphorylation of eIF2 and its attendant induction of ATF4 can lead to different patterns of gene expression depending on the environmental stress. This is of fundamental importance because eIF2 kinases can induce the expression of genes involved in survival as well as in apoptosis. In this report, we explore the molecular basis for why there can be differential expression of GADD45a, a stress-responsive protein that regulates genome stability, apoptosis, and immune responses. We find that whereas ATF4 is required for GADD45a transcription during many different environmental stresses, GADD45a protein accumulates only during a limited number of stress arrangements. The basis for this difference between measurable GADD45a mRNA and protein lies in the observation that GADD45a protein is labile. Those stress agents that enhance ATF4-directed GADD45a transcription and impede the turnover of GADD45a protein by blocking ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation elevate GADD45a protein levels. By comparison, those stress arrangements that trigger ATF4 levels and GADD45a transcription, but do not perturb the proteasome pathway, only elevate GADD45a mRNA levels. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms by which environmental stresses can differentially control central regulatory proteins targeted by the eIF2 kinase pathway.
Prototype Development for Chip-Chip Interconnection by Multimode Waveguide (2006)

A low cost multimode polymer waveguide has been developed for chip to chip communications application. Due to the application is design for short distance communications, 850 nm wavelength is chosen in this case. We have chosen SU 8 as the core waveguide due to its highly transparent in 850 nm range with high thermal stabilities of >200 degree C and low moisture intakes. A propagation loss of less than 1 dB/cm at 850 nm has been achieved by using a cut back method. Optical measurements found that no change in the propogation loss after going through standard reflow temperature profile used for printed circuit board (PCB)
Behavioural and neurochemical proteins of 1-[1-([indol-3-yl] methyl) piperid-4-yl]-3-benzoylurea (Wy 25093) in rodents. (1980)

Wy 25093 is a novel, selective and potent inhibitor of the neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake process in vitro and in vivo. The compound was more potent than clomipramine and fluoxetine as an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake in vitro and did not significantly inhibit catecholamine uptake. In addition, Wy 25093 potentiated the behavioural syndrome induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and antagonised the hyperactivity produced by p-chloroamphetamine (P-CA). WY 25093 antagonised the (P-CA)-induced depletion of 5-HT in rat brain and reduced the probenecid-induced increase in rat brain 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA). Acute administration of the agent to rats resulted in reduced 5-HIAA levels without affecting 5-HT; chronic treatment with the compound produced decreases in the levels of both 5-HIAA and 5-HT. It is concluded that Wy 25093 is a selective and potent inhibitor of the neuronal re-uptake process for 5-HT both in vitro and in vivo, and may possess potential antidepressant activity.
Amorphous Metal Tungsten Nitride and its Application for Micro and Nanoelectromechanical Applications (2016)

The objective of this doctoral thesis is to develop, engineer and investigate an amorphous metal tungsten nitride (aWNx) and to study its functionality for applications focused on electromechanical system at the nano-scale. Charge transport based solid state device oriented complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics have reached a level where they are scaled down to nearly their fundamental limits regarding switching speed, off state power consumption and the on state power consumption due to the fundamental limitation of sub-threshold slope (SS) remains at 60 mV/dec. NEM switch theoretically and practically offers the steepest sub-threshold slope and practically has shown zero static power consumption due to their physical isolation originated from the nature of their mechanical operation. Fundamental challenges remain with NEM switches in context of their performance and reliability: (i) necessity of lower pull-in voltage comparable to CMOS technology; (ii) operation in ambient/air; (iii) increased ON current and decreased ON resistance; (iv) scaling of devices and improved mechanical and electrical contacts; and (v) high endurance. The “perfect” NEM switch should overcome all the above-mentioned challenges. Here, we show such a NEM switch fabricated with aWNx to show (i) sub-0.3-volt operation; (ii) operation in air and vacuum; (iii) ON current as high as 0.5 mA and ON resistance lower than 5 kΩ; (iv) improved mechanical contact; and the most importantly (v) continuous switching of 8 trillion cycles for more than 10 days with the highest switching speed is 30 nanosecond without hysteresis. In addition, tungsten nitride could be the modern life vine by fulfilling the demand of biodegradable material for sustainable life regime. Transient electronics is a form of biodegradable electronics as it is physically disappearing totally or partially after performing the required function. The fabricated aWNx suites this category very well, despite not being a universal bio-element. It has been found that aWNx dissolves in ground water with a rate of ≈ 20-60 nm h-1. This means that a 100 nm thick aWNx disappears in ground water in less than a day and three days are enough to dissolve completely a 300 nm thickness device.
Four-channel polymer optical waveguide with W-shaped index profile cores and its low inter-channel crosstalk property (2008)

For dense and high-speed parallel optical interconnection, we propose novel polymer parallel optical waveguides with Wshaped index circular cores that drastically reduce the inter-channel crosstalk compared to conventional polymer waveguide arrays.
Thoughts on Sculpture (1954)

I do Not believe that any two people see the same sculpture, simply because no two people are each other.In the same way, no two people see the same apple. The reality of an apple is not a mono image of stopped action, nor a photo view. The reality is actually all apples and all views; it is an associative image. The red apple may be green, or yellow or black, spotted or striped. It may be halved with the core, or against the core, or segmented. It may be sweet, sour, rotten, sensuously felt, hanging, rolling, crushed to juice, the blossom flower or a bud. The recording of the apple image can go on indefinitely, interlocked with associations until it becomes personal history.
Simultaneous assays of cancer-associated antigens in various neoplastic disorders (1976)

Five tumor markers were measured simultaneously in serum by radioimmunoassay: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HGC), the beta subunit of HCG, and Kappa casein. In a population of 935 normal subjects these antigens were undetectable or found within precise limits. In patients with tumors of various origins the rate of pathologically elevated levels was 72% at the beginning of the clinical course (194 cases). This high rate was primarily due to the simultaneous measurement of CEA, betaHCG, HCG, and casein. AFP was of little importance. The simultaneous measurement of these tumor markers may be one biochemical element of diagnosis of carcinoma, although this criterion is neither absolute nor specific, as 14.7% of patients with non-neoplastic disorders (234 cases) were positive for one antigen. In the presence of metastases (112 cases) the rate of pathologic levels of at least one antigen was increased: 86% due to CEA and casein assay at the same time as their absolute levels were increased. Surgical removal reduces the rate of positivity of these antigens to 37%. As was shown in patients with breast cancer, the rate was 10% when the tumor had been removed at Stage N- and 54% when it was removed at Stage N+. Thus, the persistence of pathologic levels could be correlated with the capacity for recurrence or metastases. Finally chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, do not decrease the rate of positivity of the tumor markers.
Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth (2011)

We adapted a microfluidic system used previously to generate durotactic gradients of stiffness in a 3D collagen gel, to produce haptotactic gradients of adhesive ligands through the collagen gel. Oligopeptide sequences that included bioactive peptide sequences from laminin, YIGSR, or IKVAV, were grafted separately onto type I collagen using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Solutions of peptide-grafted collagen and untreated collagen were then used as source and sink input solutions, respectively, in an H-shaped microfluidic network fabricated using traditional soft lithography. One-dimensional gradients of the peptide-grafted collagen solution were generated in the channel that connected the source and sink channels, and these gradients became immobilized upon self-assembly of the collagen into a 3D fibrillar gel. The slope and average concentration of the gradients were adjusted by changing the concentration of the source solutions and by changing the length of the cross-channel. A separate, underlying channel in the microfluidic construct allowed the introduction of a chick embryo dorsal root ganglion into the network. Neurites from these explants grew significantly longer up steep gradients of YIGSR, but shallow gradients of IKVAV in comparison to untreated collagen controls. When these two gradients were presented in combination, the bias in growth acceleration was the largest and most consistent. No differences were observed in the number of neurites choosing to grow up or down the gradients in any condition. These results suggest that the incorporation of distinct gradients of multiple bioactive ligands can improve directional acceleration of regenerating axons.
Attachment of optical fiber to integrated optical devices (1993)

Attachment of optical fiber to planar waveguides is an important issue in production of integrated optical circuits for practical applications. To produce low-cost components, it is essential to use an effective process for fiber-waveguide connection. In this paper, we review some techniques proposed for this purpose and discuss their suitability.
Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism During and Following Synaptic Activation: Role of Adenosine (1989)

The metabolic pathway of inositol phospholipids represents a series of synthetic and hydrolytic reactions with inositol as a by-product. Hence, the rate of [3H]inositol release from prelabeled phospholipids can be used as a reflection of activity of this pathway. In the frog sympathetic ganglion prelabeled with [3H]inositol, we studied the effect of synaptic activity (orthodromic stimulation) on release of 3H-label into the medium. This release was interpreted as [3H]inositol release. The value was low at rest and increased significantly by 32% during orthodromic stimulation (20 Hz for 5 min). However, on cessation of the stimulation, [3H]inositol release increased rapidly by 148% and remained elevated for at least 45 min. This increase in [3H]inositol release during and after the stimulation period was reduced by suffusion of the ganglia with adenosine. We hypothesized that synaptic activation releases a long-lasting stimulatory agonist and a short-lasting inhibitory (adenosine) agonist or agonists affecting [3H]inositol release. To demonstrate the presence of a stimulatory agonist, two sympathetic ganglia were used. One was prelabeled with [3H]inositol, and the other was not. The two ganglia were placed together in a 5-microliter droplet of Ringer's solution containing atropine. Orthodromic stimuli applied to the nonlabeled ganglion elicited release of [3H]inositol from the nonstimulated ganglion. To test whether the adenosine formed during orthodromic stimulation inhibits [3H]inositol release, we destroyed endogenous adenosine by suffusion of the ganglia with adenosine deaminase during the stimulation period. We found that adenosine deaminase induced large increases in [3H]inositol release during the stimulation period, in contrast to an increase seen only during the poststimulation period when adenosine deaminase was omitted. Because [3H]inositol release is assumed to parallel changes in content of inositol phosphates, we anticipated no changes of the levels of these compounds during orthodromic stimulation. However, measurements showed that levels of inositol phosphates and inositol phospholipids were all elevated except for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. On termination of the stimulus, they remained elevated, with a further increase in levels of inositol trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. We conclude that endogenous adenosine inhibits [3H]inositol release, possibly by modulating several of the steps of the inositol phospholipid pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Programming model, algorithms and performance evaluation of active disks (1999)

Growth and usage trends for several data-intensive applications indicate that their datasets and processing requirements are growing rapidly. Meeting these rapidly increasing demands requires architectures that scale processing power with the storage capacity and throughput. Active Disks integrate significant processing power and memory into a disk drive and allow application-specific code to be downloaded and executed in the disk. Active Disks naturally scale the processing power of the system with increasing storage capacity, offer dramatic reduction in data traffic and improve the price/performance for large installations by off-loading computation to inexpensive embedded disk processors. 
To program Active Disks, we have developed a stream-based programming model that facilitates safety and efficiency of the disk-resident code (called disklets) while simplifying programming and restructuring of applications. We have identified operating system support (called DiskOS) for the stream-based programming model to coordinate and control disklet execution in conjunction with the host operating system. We have also shown how this programming model can be implemented as a simple backward compatible extension of the SCSI protocol. We have developed techniques for identification and control of Active Disks using the extended SCSI protocol. 
We have demonstrated the potential of Active Disks for a wide range of data-intensive applications from data-warehousing, data-mining, satellite data processing and image databases. Results show that for the same I/O interconnect, disks and number of processors, Active Disks provide better price/performance than both SMP-based conventional disk farms and commodity clusters. Active Disks outperform SMP-based disk farms by up to an order of magnitude and match (in some cases improve upon) the performance of commodity clusters for less than half the cost.
Nucleic acids and related compounds (1987)

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of developments in nucleic acid research by leading scientists worldwide. Chapters focus on structure elucidation methods, fundamentals of HPLC; analysis of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides; analysis of polynucleotides, nucleotides, nucleosides and bases; nucleic acid components in biological fluids and their diagnostic value; and miscellaneous application. The format is organized according to chromatographic techniques and by chemical classifications. Each subject is presented in the form of a critical review.