gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Extrachromosomal Linear microDNAs Interacted with microRNAs in the Cell Nuclei (2019)

Extrachromosomal DNA exists in two forms: Covalently closed circular and linear. While diverse types of circular extrachromosomal DNA have been identified with validated in vivo functions, little is known about linear extrachromosomal DNA. In this study, we identified small, single-stranded linear extrachromosomal DNAs (SSLmicroDNAs) in the nuclei of mouse hearts, mouse brains, HEK293, and HeLa cells. We used a pull-down system based on the single-stranded DNA binding protein RecAf. We found that SSLmicroDNAs aligned predominantly to intergenic and intragenic regions of the genome, owned a variety of single nucleotide polymorphism sites, and strongly associated with H3K27Ac marks. The regions were tens to hundreds of nucleotides long, periodically separated by AT, TT, or AA dinucleotides. It has been demonstrated that SSLmicroDNAs in the nuclei of normal cells target microRNAs, which regulate biological processes. In summary, our present work identified a new form of extrachromosomal DNAs, which function inside nuclei and interact with microRNAs. This finding provides a possible research field into the function of extrachromosomal DNA.
<title>High-resolution H1-H2 single-beam reflection holography using DuPont photopolymer holographic recording film</title> (1998)

We report an experimental study of the use of DuPont photopolymer Holographic Recording Film to record high resolution reflection holograms of an integrated circuit chip with an initial film-to-object separation of 1.5 millimeters. A two-step H1-H2 recording sequence is used to transfer H1 images to the H2 film plane. Because of emulsion shrinkage, the optimum H2 recording wavelength is approximately 10 nm shorter than the H1 recording wavelength. The H2 reflection holograms, which are incoherently illuminated and viewed through a conventional microscope, reconstruct high resolution images with clearly resolved micron sized features.
A software configuration management model for supporting component-based software development (2001)

Software configuration management (SCM) is viewed as an important key technology in software development and is being adopted in software industry more and more widely. And component-based software development (CBSD) is an emerging paradigm in software development. However, the traditional SCM method can not support CBSD effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we analyze the objects that need to be managed in CBSD and present a component-based SCM model to improve CBSD with effective SCM support. In this model, components, as the integral logical constituents in a system, are managed as the basic configuration items in SCM, and relationships between/among components are defined and maintained, in order to support version control of large objects and logical modeling of system architecture. Also some key issues in the model are discussed and an SCM system that supports this model is introduced.
Novel Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. 7. 8-Arylethyldipyridodiazepinones as Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Wild-Type and Mutant Enzymes (1998)

Like other nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the dipyridodiazepinone nevirapine (Viramune, 1) selects for drug resistant variants of HIV-1, both in cell culture and in patients. In particular, the mutation of residue 181 from tyrosine to cysteine (Y181C) is associated with resistance to most reported nonnucleoside inhibitors. Introduction of an arylethyl substituent at the 8-position of the tricyclic dipyridodiazepinone skeleton confers enhanced potency against Y181C RT. Several analogues of this series display good broad spectrum potency against a panel of mutant enzymes.
Bird's Beak Configuration and Elimination of Gate Oxide Thinning Produced during Selective Oxidation (1980)

In the selective oxidation scheme for processing Si MOS devices, is used to mask gate oxide areas against the isolation oxidation. After removing the , gate oxide is grown. This scheme produces three topographical features which have ramifications in subsequent processing and in device properties: a notch in the isolation oxide, penetration of the isolation oxide under the masking , and thinning of the gate oxide at the isolation oxide edge; the first two features form the bird's beak configuration. The transmission electron microscope was applied to thin film (<1 μm) cross sections through the bird's beak in order to obtain an accurate description of these features. The bird's beak extended typically 1.5 and 0.8 μm in the n‐ and p‐channel structures, respectively, leading to a corresponding decrease in the active device length of 3.8 and 2.3 μm for the 1.4 μm thick isolation oxide. Gate oxide at the edge of the bird's beak was thinned 35–100% in the n‐channel samples and 20–50% in the p‐channel samples. It was found that oxidation subsequent to the isolation oxidation and removal destroys the oxidation barrier (wet oxidation seemingly more effective than dry and more convenient). Thus, a method which incorporates an additional, short, sacrificial wet oxidation step between isolation and gate oxidations, in order to overcome the thinning phenomenon, is described.
40 Gbit/s serial data signal regeneration using self-phase modulation in a silicon nanowire (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate self-phase modulation based all-optical regeneration of a 40 Gbit/s serial data signal in a silicon nanowire. Bit error rate characterization shows 2 dB receiver power improvement.
Aqueous Extract from Pepino (<i>Solanum muricatum</i>Ait.) Attenuated Hyperlipidemia and Cardiac Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Mice (2012)

This study examined the lipid-lowering and cardiac protective effects of aqueous extract of pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) in type 2 diabetic mice. Pepino at 1, 2, or 5% was supplied for 8 weeks. Results showed that pepino significantly decreased water intake and epididymal fat pad weight in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). Pepino treatments also significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.05). Plasma and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) were higher in diabetic groups when compared with normal group (P < 0.05), pepino treatments at 2 and 5% decreased triglyceride and TC levels in both plasma and liver (P < 0.05). Diabetes enhanced mRNA expression of resistin and diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) in epididymal fat pad (P < 0.05); however, pepino intake significantly suppressed mRNA expression of resistin and DGAT1 in epididymal fat pad (P < 0.05). Pepino intake significantly reduced reactive oxygen species level, increased glutathione level, and retained glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in cardiac tissues (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that pepino could be considered as a functional food for the alleviation of type 2 diabetes.
Nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 can be rapidly transmitted from person to person, regardless of whether they have symptoms, in both hospital settings and social activities, based on the short period of incubation and COSI. The public health service should take practical measures to curb the spread, including isolation of cases, tracing close contacts, and containment of severe epidemic areas. Besides this, healthcare workers should be alert during the epidemic and self-quarantine if self-suspected of infection.
Extending the behavioural paradigm for intelligent systems (1994)

Based upon fundamentally different ideas about the nature of knowledge and intelligence, the behavioural approach to artificial intelligence is an alternative to traditional representational AI paradigms that overcomes specific limitations of traditional approaches. Behavioural control systems for autonomous mobile robots have demonstrated robust and effective performance. However, a comprehensive methodology for the behavioural paradigm has not yet been fully developed. Concentrating upon a behavioural methodology called the subsumption architecture, this paper describes methodological enhancements to the behavioural paradigm based upon the use of logic. The logical definition of behaviours allows many techniques from traditional artificial intelligence to be applied to the analysis, definition, and verification of behavioural systems, and supports strategies for achieving robustness, without incurring the problems associated with traditional AI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Haloperidol, thioridazine and placebo in mentally subnormal patients – serum levels and clinical effects (1981)

A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 30 restless mentally subnormal patients by increasing the dosage of haloperidol from 10 to 60 mg and that of thioridazine from 100 to 600 mg daily. The clinical effects of drug holidays on placebo and serum drug levels were also examined. There were more relative drug-responders than nonresponders or negative responders. Correlation between clinical response and drug serum levels was poor, probably owing to the heterogeneity of disorders treated. Mesoridazine and other metabolites had 5-6 times higher serum levels than the parent compound, and relatively high serum levels are achieved already with moderate doses. The observed differences between haloperidol and thioridazine treatment were surprisingly few. Serum cholesterol was higher (P less than 0.05) at the end of thioridazine than of the haloperidol administration.
Impact of Forming, Welding, and Electropolishing on Pitting and the Surface Finish of SRF Cavity Niobium (2010)

A broad range of coupon electropolishing experiments are described to ascertain the mechanism(s) by which large defects are formed near superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity welds. Cold-worked vs. annealed metal, the presence of a weld, and several variations of electropolishing (EP) parameters were considered. Pitting is strongly promoted by cold work and agitation of the EP solution. Welding also promotes pitting, but less so compared with the other factors above. Temperature increase during EP did not strongly affect glossiness or pitting, but the reduced viscosity made the electrolyte more susceptible to agitation. The experiments suggest that several factors that are rather benign alone are combined by the cavity forming, welding, and processing sequence to promote the formation of defects such as pits. Process changes to mitigate these risks are discussed.
Optimizing Data Layouts for Parallel Computation on Multicores (2011)

The emergence of multicore platforms offers several opportunities for boosting application performance. These opportunities, which include parallelism and data locality benefits, require strong support from compilers as well as operating systems. Current compiler research targeting multicores mostly focuses on code restructuring and mapping. In this work, we explore automatic data layout transformation targeting multithreaded applications running on multicores. Our transformation considers both data access patterns exhibited by different threads of a multithreaded application and the on-chip cache topology of the target multicore architecture. It automatically determines a customized memory layout for each target array to minimize potential cache conflicts across threads. Our experiments show that, our optimization brings significant benefits over state-of-the-art data locality optimization strategies when tested using 30 benchmark programs on an Intel multicore machine. The results also indicate that this strategy is able to scale to larger core counts and it performs better with increased data set sizes.
KrF excimer laser annealed TFT with very high field-effect mobility of 329 cm/sup 2//V-s (1992)

A thin-film transistor (TFT) with a maximum field-effect mobility of 320 cm/sup 2//V-s, an on/off current ratio of 7.6*10/sup 7/, a threshold voltage of 6.7 V and a subthreshold slope of 0.37 V/decade was fabricated by using pulse laser annealing processes. Amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H) with a very low impurity concentration of 4*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ for oxygen, 1.5*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ for carbon, and 2*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ for nitrogen were deposited by a plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and annealed by KrF excimer laser (wavelength of 248 nm). The Raman spectroscopy technique was a useful tool for optimizing laser annealing conditions. Experimental results show that two factors are very important for fabricating very-high mobility TFTs: (1) utilizing high-purity as-deposited a-Si:H film; and (2) performing whole laser annealing processes sequentially in a vacuum container and optimizing illumination conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of different disease control pesticide strategies on multiple pesticide residue levels in apple (2009)

SummarySeven pesticide application strategies were investigated to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) and, at the same time, fulfil the new quality standards implemented by some German retailers. These demand that pesticide residues should be below 80% of European Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRL) and that the number of residues present at levels above 0.01 mg kg−1 should be limited to a maximum of four. The strategies fulfilled the requirement to use combinations of different active substances in order to prevent the emergence of resistance to pesticides. The trials were conducted at two sites in Switzerland, in 2007, and all strategies and applications were in accordance with actual practice. Four replicates of apple samples from each strategy were then analysed for pesticide residues. The incidence of infection with apple scab and powdery mildew were monitored during the season in order to evaluate the efficacy of the different strategies. The efficacies of the different strategies against apple scab and powdery mildew were between 84% and 100% successful. In general, the level of pesticide residues found correlated with application rate and time, and no measured residue level exceeded the EU–MRL. The numbers of residues present at > 0.01 mg kg−1 were between two and five.
The Use of Tosylhydrazone Salts as a Safe Alternative for Handling Diazo Compounds and Their Applications in Organic Synthesis (2005)

Abstract Diazo compounds are useful synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis but, due to their toxicity and unpredictable explosive behaviour, their unique reactivity has not been fully exploited and their use on large scale has been avoided. We have developed a reliable method that generates diazo compounds in situ. Our approach is based on the Bamford–Stevens reaction, which utilizes tosylhydrazone salts as diazo precursors. In the presence of phase‐transfer‐catalysts (PTC), we found that tosylhydrazone salts can be cleanly converted to diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions and in a wide range of solvents. These diazo compounds can then be induced to react directly with alkenes or alkynes to synthesize pyrazoles or with aldehydes to generate ketones. Alternatively, diazo compounds can react with transition metals capable of carbene transfer reactions. We have shown the usefulness of this chemistry in a number of different transformations, such as Wittig olefination reactions and the sulfur ylide mediated epoxidation, as well as aziridination and cyclopropanation chemistry as applied toward the synthesis of more complicated molecules. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Grid disturbance response of wind turbines equipped with induction generator and doubly-fed induction generator (2004)

This panel paper presents measured and simulated grid disturbance responses of fixed-speed wind turbines equipped with induction generator and variable-speed wind turbines equipped with double-fed induction generator. The measured response of the fixed-speed turbine agrees very well with simulations, while the response of a double-fed induction generator cannot be assessed without detailed knowledge of the control system.
ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylase Is Encoded by Different mRNA Transcripts in Leaf and Endosperm of Cereals (1986)

Western blots of soluble protein from wheat, rice, and corn showed that ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase subunits have a size of 50 kilodaltons from endosperm tissue and 43 and 46 kilodaltons from leaf. Antisera to ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase precipitated in vitro translation products of 73 and 76 kilodaltons when leaf poly(A)(+) RNA was used, whereas endosperm mRNA directed the synthesis of 50 and 56 kilodalton polypeptides. To further study the nature of these mRNA species, an ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA clone from rice endosperm polyadenylated RNA was obtained and used as a hybridization probe. Northern blots showed that ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase mRNA was slightly larger in leaf (2100 bases) than in endosperm tissue (1900 bases). These studies indicated that in cereals there are at least two tissue specific forms of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase that are encoded by distinct mRNA transcripts. Analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting suggested that ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase is encoded by a small gene family.
Acetylenes in Catalysis: Enantioselective Additions to Carbonyl Groups and Imines and Applications Beyond (2004)

Abstract Acetylenes represent a class of versatile building blocks, which are widely used in organic synthesis. Over the past years, a considerable number of publications have appeared that focus on the enantioselective addition of acetylenes to carbonyls and imines. In addition, novel applications for acetylenes have emerged in the literature. We herein present an overview of recent results in these areas. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Vegetation of Moraballi Creek, British Guiana: An Ecological Study of a Limited Area of Tropical Rain Forest. Part I (1933)

T. A. W. Davis, P. W. Richards, The Vegetation of Moraballi Creek, British Guiana: An Ecological Study of a Limited Area of Tropical Rain Forest. Part I, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Aug., 1933), pp. 350-384
Origin of Parietal Podocytes in Atubular Glomeruli Mapped by Lineage Tracing (2013)

Parietal podocytes are fully differentiated podocytes lining Bowman's capsule where normally only parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are found. Parietal podocytes form throughout life and are regularly observed in human biopsies, particularly in atubular glomeruli of diseased kidneys; however, the origin of parietal podocytes is unresolved. To assess the capacity of PECs to transdifferentiate into parietal podocytes, we developed and characterized a novel method for creating atubular glomeruli by electrocoagulation of the renal cortex in mice. Electrocoagulation produced multiple atubular glomeruli containing PECs as well as parietal podocytes that projected from the vascular pole and lined Bowman's capsule. Notably, induction of cell death was evident in some PECs. In contrast, Bowman's capsules of control animals and normal glomeruli of electrocoagulated kidneys rarely contained podocytes. PECs and podocytes were traced by inducible and irreversible genetic tagging using triple transgenic mice (PEC- or Pod-rtTA/LC1/R26R). Examination of serial cryosections indicated that visceral podocytes migrated onto Bowman's capsule via the vascular stalk; direct transdifferentiation from PECs to podocytes was not observed. Similar results were obtained in a unilateral ureter obstruction model and in human diseased kidney biopsies, in which overlap of PEC- or podocyte-specific antibody staining indicative of gradual differentiation did not occur. These results suggest that induction of atubular glomeruli leads to ablation of PECs and subsequent migration of visceral podocytes onto Bowman's capsule, rather than transdifferentiation from PECs to parietal podocytes.
Heteroepitaxy of ZnO on GaN and its implications for fabrication of hybrid optoelectronic devices (1998)

ZnO thin films have been grown heteroepitaxially on epi-GaN/sapphire (0001) substrates. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, ion channeling, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed high-quality epitaxial growth of ZnO on GaN with an atomically sharp interface. The x-ray diffraction and ion channeling measurements indicate near perfect alignment of the ZnO epilayers on GaN as compared to those grown directly on sapphire (0001). Low-temperature cathodoluminescence studies also indicate high optical quality of these films presumably due to the close lattice match and stacking order between ZnO and GaN. Lattice-matched epitaxy and good luminescence properties of ZnO/GaN heterostructures are thus promising for ultraviolet lasers. These heterostructures demonstrate the feasibility of integrating hybrid ZnO/GaN optoelectronic devices.
Update on Head and Neck Cancer: Current Knowledge on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Features and Novel Therapies (2015)

Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development due to their cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on the exposed epithelia of the upper aerodigestive tract. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), both encoding viral oncoproteins able to interfere with cell cycle control, have been recognized as the etiological agents of nasopharynx carcinoma and a fraction of oropharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. Head and neck SCC is a deadly disease and despite innovative treatments represents a major challenge for patients. Recently, a number of genomic studies have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of head and neck SCC based on methylation profiles, microRNA expression, mutated genes and new druggable pathways which may represent new targets for cancer-tailored therapies. To date, cetuximab is the only FDA-approved anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for the treatment of head and neck SCC. In addition, a number of monoclonal antibodies targeting AKT, mTOR and PI3K pathways are under evaluation. Several therapeutic vaccines against HPV16 and EBV proteins are also under study. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular features of head and neck SCC, with an emphasis on new therapies.
Impaired Postural Control of the Lumbar Spine Is Associated With Delayed Muscle Response Times in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Low Back Pain (2001)

Patients with chronic low back pain demonstrated poorer postural control of the lumbar spine and longer trunk muscle response times than healthy control volunteers. Correlation between these two phenomena suggests a common underlying pathology in the lumbar spine.
On Scalable Design of Bandwidth Brokers (2001)

SUMMARY In this paper we study the issue in the design of a centralized bandwidth broker model for dynamic control and management of QoS provisioning. We propose and develop a dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism for efficient admission control operations under the centralized bandwidth broker model. We demonstrate that this dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism can significantly reduce the overall number of QoS state accesses/updates, thereby increasing the overall of the bandwidth broker. Based on the proposed dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism, we also extend the centralized architecture with a single bandwidth broker to a hierarchically distributed architecture with multiple bandwidth brokers to further improve its scalability. Our study demonstrates that the bandwidth broker architecture can be designed in such a manner that it scales with the increase in the network capacity.