gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Screening for Genes Associated with Valproic Acid Sensitivity in Fission Yeast (2013)

We have been studying the action mechanisms of valproic acid (VPA) in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by developing a genetic screen for mutants that show hypersensitivity to VPA. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide screen of 3004 haploid deletion strains and confirmed 148 deletion strains to be VPA sensitive. Of the 148 strains, 93 strains also showed sensitivity to another aliphatic acids HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (SB), and 55 strains showed sensitivity to VPA but not to SB. Interestingly, we found that both VPA and SB treatment induced a marked increase in the transcription activity of Atf1 in wild-type cells. However, in clr6-1, a mutant allele the clr6(+) gene encoding class I HDAC, neither VPA- nor SB induced the activation of Atf1 transcription activity. We also found that VPA, but not SB, caused an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) level. We further found that the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) increase was caused by Ca(2+) influx from extracellular medium via Cch1-Yam8 channel complex. Altogether, our present study indicates that VPA and SB play similar but distinct roles in multiple physiological processes in fission yeast.
Enhanced ACh sensitivity is accompanied by changes in ACh receptor channel properties and segregation of ACh receptor subtypes on sympathetic neurons during innervation in vivo (1993)

Although presynaptic input can influence the number and distribution of ACh receptors (AChRs) on muscle, the role of cellular interactions in the development of transmitter sensitivity in neurons is less clear. To determine whether presynaptic input modifies neuronal AChR channel function and distribution, we must first ascertain the profile of changes in receptor properties relative to the timing of synapse formation. We have examined the temporal aspects of synaptogenesis in the lumbar sympathetic ganglia of the embryonic chick in anatomical experiments with anterograde 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate labeling of presynaptic inputs and cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Biophysical studies of sympathetic neurons, within hours of removal from animals at different stages relative to synapse formation, show that both the properties and distribution of AChR channels are modified concurrent with a significant increase in presynaptic input to the neurons. The most striking change in AChR channel distribution is revealed by patching multiple sites on the surface of individual neurons. Following innervation in vivo, many neurons express only one of the four AChR channel subtypes and the AChRs are clustered in discrete, high-activity patches. Furthermore, when neurons at this stage express more than one AChR channel subtype, the different classes are often spatially segregated from one another on the cell surface. This contrasts with patches from neurons removed earlier on, which have lower overall activity, often comprised of multiple channel subtypes. Comparison of the AChR properties of acutely dispersed neurons to those of neurons maintained in vitro indicates that most features of AChR channels are conserved despite their removal from presynaptic and other in vivo influences. These findings are consistent with inductive interactions between pre- and postsynaptic neurons playing an important regulatory role in transmitter receptor expression.
Effect of an intersubunit disulfide bond on the stability of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (1994)

The effect of an engineered disulfide bond between two identical subunits of a dimeric protein, Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, on the stability of the protein was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The introduction of the linkage caused a large stabilization without changing the cooperativity of unfolding, with the denaturation temperature of a 2 mg/mL solution being increased by 14.3 degrees C to 95.0 degrees C at pH 9.5 and by 16.4 degrees C to 63.0 degrees C at pH 3.0. The stabilization was caused by a loss of denaturational entropy, i.e., -40 and -98 cal K-1 mol-1 at pH 3.0 and 9.5, respectively, which more than compensated for the loss in the denaturational enthalpy.
Studies on Amylolytic Enzymes Produced by Endomyces Sp. (1961)

Amylase-producing ability of twenty seven strains of genera Endomycopsis (exceptEndomycopsis fibuliger), Endomyces, Candida, Geotrichum and Oospora was examined.Among them a sole strain of Endomyces was found to produce extracellular amylase.As a result of growth experiments using synthetic media, it was found that the selectedEndomyces sp. required vitamins and organic sulfur sources for growth.Various media were examined for the production of amylase by shake culture method. Media containing yeast extract or wheat bran gave good yields of amylase.
Fucosterol Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Promotes Type‐1 Procollagen Production in <scp>UVB</scp>‐induced HaCaT Cells (2013)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages human skin and causes skin diseases such as epidermal hyperplasia, sunburn, inflammatory responses and photoaging. Photoaging is associated with upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and downregulated collagen synthesis. Fucosterol, which is isolated from marine brown algae, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, its effects on photoaging are unknown. This study assessed the effects of fucosterol on photoaging and investigated its mechanisms of action in UV-irradiated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Our results showed that fucosterol attenuated UV-induced MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression by deactivating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by reactive oxygen species. Fucosterol also increased type-I procollagen and antioxidant enzyme expression. Taken together, fucosterol regulates the expression of MMPs and type-I procollagen in UV-irradiated HaCaT by modulating MAPK, suggesting it as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of skin aging.
Selected Mechanical Properties of PETG 3-D Prints (2017)

The 3D printing is a way of additive manufacturing that allows the creation of sophisticatedly shaped bodies at relatively low cost and in short time span. It is especially useful for rapid manufacturing, including engineering applications such as rapid prototyping. The commonly used fused deposition modelling (FDM) method dispenses filament from heated nozzle positioned in three axes that hardens after exiting the nozzle. This article presents the research focused on the mechanical properties (mainly the basic tensile strength and elastic modulus) of elements printed using the FDM method, made of two distinctive materials: polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) without additions and glass-fiber reinforced PETG. The paper outlines strengths and weaknesses of the materials described and compares the properties of PETG with and without the addition of glass fiber. The gathered data helps to quantify the mechanical properties of parts made of PETG and may also be used for modelling the properties of 3D printed elements.
22R-Hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-Retinoic Acid Induce ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression and Cholesterol Efflux in Brain Cells and Decrease Amyloid β Secretion (2003)

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a major regulator of peripheral cholesterol efflux and plasma high density lipoprotein metabolism. In adult rat brain we found high expression of ABCA1 in neurons in the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cholinergic basal forebrain, and hippocampus. Large neurons of the cholinergic nucleus basalis together with CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were among the most abundantly immunolabeled neurons. Glia cells were largely negative. Because cholesterol homeostasis may have an essential role in central nervous system function and neurodegeneration, we examined ABCA1 expression and function in different brain cell types using cultures of primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia isolated from embryonic rat brain. The basal ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels detected in these cell types were increased markedly after exposure to oxysterols and 9-cis-retinoic acid, which are ligands for the nuclear hormone liver X receptors and retinoic X receptors, respectively. Functionally, the increased ABCA1 expression caused by these ligands was followed by elevated apoA-I- and apoE-specific cholesterol efflux in neurons and glia. In non-neuronal and neuronal cells overexpressing a human Swedish variant of amyloid precursor protein, 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid induced ABCA1 expression and increased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux consequently decreasing cellular cholesterol content. More importantly, we demonstrated that these ligands alone or in combination with apoA-I caused a substantial reduction in the stability of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments and decreased amyloid beta production. These effects of 22R-hydroxycholesterol may provide a novel strategy to decrease amyloid beta secretion and consequently reduce the amyloid burden in the brain.
Secretion of an FSH-Inhibiting Factor by Cultured Sertoli Cells (1976)

Levels of LH and FSH released in vitro by rat anterior pituitary cells which were either co-cultured with isolated rat Sertoli cells or were grown with spent media recovered from the cultured Sertoli cells were measured by radioimmunoassay. The amounts of FSH released by pituitary cells grown for three days with Sertoli cells isolated from 31-36 day old rats or spent media from the cultured Sertoli cells, were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower compared to control pituitary cultures grown with fresh chemically defined medium. In contrast, the levels of LH were similar to the controls. The selective inhibition of FSH release was not observed when pituitary cells were co-cultured with rat spleen or kidney cells or with ruptured Sertoli cells. The FSH-inhibiting Sertoli-cell factor (SCF) was found to be a heat-labile macromolecule. It is suggested that the SCF may be secreted by the Sertoli cells in vivo, and regulate FSH secretion via negative feedback mechanism at the pituitary level.
[Regulation of cardiac functions by the L-arginine--nitric oxide system]. (2004)

It is shown that intracoronary infusion of L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside induces an increase in coronary flow (CF), myocardial contractility (MC) and heart rate (HR) in the isolated perfused heart of the rat. Three combinations of these effects have been observed in different experiments: generalized effect (increase of CF + MC + HR), a double effect in three variants (increase of CF + MC, CF + HR, MC + HR) and isolated effect (increase of CF or MC or HR). The data obtained suggest that an increase of CF is the main change induced by L-arginine in the isolated perfused heart, an increase of MC being secondary in relation to a CF increase, i.e. an increase of CF mediates an increase of MC (Gregg's phenomenon). A positive inotropic effect of sodium nitroprusside is the result mainly of its direct action on the myocardium and to a lesser extent due to a CF increase.
25-V Inch 114-Degree Trinitron Color Picture Tube and Associated New Developments (1974)

The TRINITRON system was first produced in 1968, employing a 12V" picture tube(1). Since that time, the picture tube size range has been extended both toward larger (21 V") and smaller (5 V") sizes. TRINITRON color picture tubes have so far been designed in eight different sizes; if the variety of electron guns and deflection angles is included, a total of twelve different kinds of TRINITRON tubes have been commercially marketed. The initial tubes were designed with a 90°deflection angle; since then 114°and 122°deflection tubes have also been developed. A number of innovative techniques have been employed in the newly designed tubes in order to maintain good picture quality. In particular, attention has been paid to the manufacturing aspects.
Genetic and pharmacological analysis of prostanoid receptor function (2001)

Eight types and subtypes of membrane prostanoid receptors are conserved in mammals from mouse to human (2): the PGD receptor (DP), four subtypes of the PGE receptor (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), the PGF receptor (FP), the PGI receptor (IP), and the TxA receptor (TP). All are G protein-coupled rhodopsin-type receptors with seven transmembrane domains, and each is encoded by different genes. In addition, there are several splice variants of the EP3, FP, and TP receptors, which differ only in their C-terminal tails. Among the eight types and subtypes, the IP, DP, EP2, and EP4 receptors mediate a cAMP rise and have been termed "relaxant" receptors, whereas the TP, FP, and EP1 receptors induce calcium mobilization and constitute a "contractile" receptor group. The remaining receptor, EP3, induces a decline in cAMP levels and has been termed the "inhibitory" receptor. However, the effects of prostanoids on these G protein-coupled signaling pathways may change as a function of ligand concentration or structure. Thus, while PGI 2 analogs ligate the IP and activate adenylate cyclase via G s in a dosedependent manner, higher concentrations of the ligand couple the IP to phospholipase C activation and calcium mobilization (3), probably via G q . Similarly, activation of the FP in cardiomyocytes by either PGF 2 , its cognate ligand, or 8,12-iso-iPF 2 -III, a PGF 2 isomeric
Changes in the Properties of the Preferred Retinal Locus with Eccentric Viewing Training (2018)

The location of the retinal area used for fixation changes after EVT. Fixation stability does not change after EVT. These preliminary data are yet to be confirmed with the use of a control group.
Regional mapping of ADA and ITP on human chromosome 20: cytogenetic and somatic cell studies in an X/20 translocation (1980)

An apparently balanced de novo translocation between chromosomes X and 20, 46,X,t(X;20)(Xp20q;Xq20p), was identified in a severely retarded 13-year-old female with macrocephaly, bilateral overfolded pinnae, elbow contractures, clinodactyly, and seizures. BudR-pulse studies show the normal X chromosome to be late replicating in both lymphocytes (50 cells) and skin fibroblasts (25 cells). An HPRT deficient Chinese hamster line was fused with lymphocytes from the patient, and hybrid lines were derived in HAT medium. Cytogenetic and biochemical analyses of these hybrid lines show that the locus for adenosine deaminase is in the cen leads to qter region and that the locus for inosine triphosphatase is in the pter leads to cen region of human chromosome 20.
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase determines the susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice (2014)

Cigarette smoke activated p38 MAPK only in mice that were susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Its selective inhibition ameliorated lung inflammation and injury in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure. p38 MAPK pathways are a possible molecular target for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Seeking a Common Language for the Application of Rule 11 Sanctions: What is "Frivolous"? (1999)

In this article, Levine analyzes some of the complex issues involved in attempting to apply the ambiguous concept of frivolousness in the context of Rule 11 sanctions. He documents the inconsistency in judicial interpretation and application of Rule 11 frivolousness. Relying in part on the observations and concerns expressed by scholars, practitioners, and judges themselves who have lamented the lack of uniformity and the troubling results that have followed, Levine examines closely some of the problems inherent in the current standards. After demonstrating the wide range of approaches put forth by both judges and scholars to the interpretation of Rule 11 frivolousness, Levine continues, in part III, with a search for a common language for these discussions. Toward that end, this part looks to some of these innovative approaches, with the aim of finding an approach that may be suitable and useful to the various groups affected by and interested in the administration of Rule 11. Specifically, building on an opinion of United States District Court Judge Jack Weinstein, Levine suggests a method for considering Rule 11 violations and imposition of sanctions through the use of a continuum, which will allow and require courts to assign a value of reasonableness to claims that come before them. Under this framework, if a claim does not reach a certain level of reasonableness, as determined by the court, it will be subject to sanctions. At the same time, the court will impose sanctions in proportion to the degree to which the claim is found to be unreasonable. Levine concludes with the hope that such an approach will help provide a common language for further efforts at arriving at a more effective application of Rule 11.
Tobamoviral Movement Protein Transiently Expressed in a Single Epidermal Cell Functions Beyond Multiple Plasmodesmata and Spreads Multicellularly in an Infection-Coupled Manner (2001)

Cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus requires expression of the movement protein (MP). It has not been fully elucidated, however, how the MP functions in primary infected cells. With the use of a microprojectile bombardment-mediated DNA infection system for Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), we found that the cotransfected ToMV MP gene exerts its effects in the initially infected cells and in their surrounding cells to achieve multicellular spread of movement-defective ToMV. Five other tobamoviral MPs examined also transcomplemented the movement-defective phenotype of ToMV, but the Cucumber mosaic virus 3a MP did not. Together with the cell-to-cell movement of the mutant virus, a fusion between the MP and an enhanced green fluorescent protein variant (EGFP) expressed in trans was distributed multicellularly and localized primarily in plasmodesmata between infected cells. In contrast, in noninfected sites the MP-EGFP fusion accumulated predominantly inside the bombarded cells as irregularly shaped aggregates, and only a minute amount of the fusion was found in plasmodesmata. Thus, the behavior of ToMV MP is greatly modulated in the presence of a replicating virus and it is highly likely that the MP spreads in the infection sites, coordinating with the cell-to-cell movement of the viral genome.
Nonlinear frequency response of comb-driven microscanners (2004)

Accurate prediction of the dynamic behavior of comb-driven MEMS microscanners is important to optimize the actuator and structure design. In this paper, a numerical and an analytical model for the dynamic analysis of comb-driven microscanners under different excitation schemes are presented. The numerical model is based on a second order nonlinear differential equation. Due to the nature of the torque function, this governing equation of motion is a parametric nonlinear ODE, which exhibits hysteretic frequency domain behavior and subharmonic oscillations. Experimental results and approximate analytical expressions for this nonlinear torque function of the comb-drive are presented. Amplitude and phase relationship between the excitation signal and the resultant oscillations at different excitation frequencies are measured and we show that they are in close agreement with the numerical simulations. Analytical model uses perturbation methods to reach approximate close-form expressions for the dynamic behavior of the device in the first parametric resonance region. It is also utilized to predict the stability regions on the frequency-excitation voltage plane, where the device exhibit hysterical characteristics. Analytical and numerical modeling approaches proposed in this paper provides a simple yet powerful way to analyze the nonlinear frequency response of comb-driven actuators and simplify the design process for a microscanner based system.
Thin-Film Microextraction (2003)

The properties of a thin sheet of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane as an extraction phase were examined and compared to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) PDMS-coated fiber for application to semivolatile analytes in direct and headspace modes. This new PDMS extraction approach showed much higher extraction rates because of the larger surface area to extraction-phase volume ratio of the thin film. Unlike the coated rod formats of SPME using thick coatings, the high extraction rate of the membrane SPME technique allows larger amounts of analytes to be extracted within a short period of time. Therefore, higher extraction efficiency and sensitivity can be achieved without sacrificing analysis time. In direct membrane SPME extraction, a linear relationship was found between the initial rate of extraction and the surface area of the extraction phase. However, for headspace extraction, the rates were somewhat lower because of the resistance to analyte transport at the sample matrix/headspace barrier. It was found that the effect of this barrier could be reduced by increasing either agitation, temperature, or surface area of the sample matrix/headspace interface. A method for the determination of PAHs in spiked lake water samples was developed based on the membrane PDMS extraction coupled with GC/MS. A linearity of 0.9960 and detection limits in the low-ppt level were found. The reproducibility was found to vary from 2.8% to 10.7%.
Antibacterial Activity of Dental Cements Containing Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles (2012)

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used for cementing full cast crown restorations. Regrettably, although the dental cements fill the gap between the tooth and the crown, bacterial microleakage may occur, resulting in secondary caries. As microleakage cannot be completely prevented, GICs possessing antibacterial properties are in demand. In the present study the antibacterial activity of insoluble, cross‐linked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles incorporated at 1% w/w in two clinically available GICs were studied. The antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei using the direct contact test (DCT) and the agar diffusion test (ADT). Using the direct contact test, antibacterial activity ( P < 0.05) was found in both tested GICs with incorporated QPEI nanoparticles, the effect lasting for at least one month. However, the ADT showed no inhibition halo in the test bacteria, indicating that the antimicrobial nanoparticles do not diffuse into the agar. The results show that the incorporation of QPEI nanoparticles in glass ionomer cements has a long‐lasting antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei . Changing the antibacterial properties of glass ionomer cements by incorporating QPEI antibacterial nanoparticles may prolong the clinical performance of dental crowns.
A Submicrowatt 1.1-MHz CMOS Relaxation Oscillator With Temperature Compensation (2013)

A 1.1-MHz submicrowatt current-mode relaxation oscillator with temperature compensation is presented. In this oscillator, the current-starving inverters are biased by using the current sources with positive and negative temperature coefficients. It relaxes the temperature variations. This oscillator is fabricated in a 0.18- μm CMOS process, and its area is 0.075 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The power consumption is 0.859 μW, with a supply voltage of 1.8 V, and the calculated figure of merit is 0.78 nW/kHz. The measured output relative frequency variation is less than 3%/V for the supply voltage of 1.2-2.4 V and ±0.5% for the temperature of -20°C-80°C. The average temperature coefficient is 64.3 ppm/°C.