gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor-Promoting Activity of Scopadulcic Acid B, Isolated from the Medicinal Plant <i>Scoparia dulcis</i> L. (1993)

Scopadulcic acid B (SDB), a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from a medicinal plant, Scoparia dulcis L., inhibited the effects of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro and in vivo; SDB inhibited TPA-enhanced phospholipid synthesis in cultured cells, and also suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The potency of SDB proved to be stronger than that of other natural antitumor-promoting terpenoids, such as glycyrrhetinic acid.
A general overlay/underlay analytic expression representing cognitive radio waveform (2007)

Several studies have revealed that spectrum congestion is primarily due to the inefficient use of spectrum versus unavailability. Cognitive radio (CR) and ultra wide band (UWB) technologies have been proposed as candidates to address this problem. Currently, a CR determines unused frequency bands and transmits overlay waveforms in these bands, while UWB transmits underlay waveforms that span the entire frequency band while coexisting with primary users. This suggests that most of the spectrum occupied by primary users is underused. This work proposes a general soft decision cognitive radio (SDCR) framework, based on a previous developed spectrally modulated, spectrally modulated (SMSE) framework, to combine benefits of overlay/underlay techniques while maximizing channel capacity. We also show that current CR and UWB implementations represent two extreme SDCR cases and that current overlay/underlay waveforms are two special cases of the general waveform platform.
Macrophage α1 AMP-activated Protein Kinase (α1AMPK) Antagonizes Fatty Acid-induced Inflammation through SIRT1 (2010)

In this study, we aim to determine cellular mechanisms linking nutrient metabolism to the regulation of inflammation and insulin resistance. The nutrient sensors AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 show striking similarities in nutrient sensing and regulation of metabolic pathways. We find that the expression, activity, and signaling of the major isoform alpha1AMPK in adipose tissue and macrophages are substantially down-regulated by inflammatory stimuli and in nutrient-rich conditions, such as exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), free fatty acids (FFAs), and diet-induced obesity. Activating AMPK signaling in macrophages by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta4-ribofuranoside or constitutively active alpha1AMPK (CA-alpha1) significantly inhibits; although inhibiting alpha1AMPK by short hairpin RNA knock-down or dominant-negative alpha1AMPK (DN-alpha1) increases LPS- and FFA-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays show that activation of AMPK by CA-alpha1 in macrophages significantly inhibits LPS- or FFA-induced NF-kappaB signaling. More importantly, in a macrophage-adipocyte co-culture system, we find that inactivation of macrophage AMPK signaling inhibits adipocyte insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Activation of AMPK by CA-alpha1 increases the SIRT1 activator NAD(+) content and SIRT1 expression in macrophages. Furthermore, alpha1AMPK activation mimics the effect of SIRT1 on deacetylating NF-kappaB, and the full capacity of AMPK to deacetylate NF-kappaB and inhibit its signaling requires SIRT1. In conclusion, AMPK negatively regulates lipid-induced inflammation, which acts through SIRT1, thereby contributing to the protection against obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Our study defines a novel role for AMPK in bridging the signaling between nutrient metabolism and inflammation.
Thin Silicon Chips and ACF Connection Technology for Contactless IC Cards (1999)

Thin contactless IC card technology using anisotropic conductive films combined with thinned semiconductor silicon chips has been developed. The thinned chips can be handled stably and efficiently by applying a new method of direct thin-chip transfer. This new technology can fabricate ultrathin contactless IC cards with a multi-chip structure.
Novel Ion Beam Tools for Nanofabrication (2005)

The drive towards controlling materials properties at nanometer length scales relies on the availability of efficient tools. Currently, high resolution ion beam processing is limited to direct-write techniques with mostly gallium ion beams, or the use of pre-structured masks. In this paper, several novel ion beam tools that have been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) are reviewed: Maskless Micro-Ion-Beam Reduction Lithography system, Multiple Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system and ion beam imprinter, and a FIB/SEM dual beam system. With the availability of multicusp plasma ion sources, these ion beam tools can provide versatile ion beams in nanometer scale for future integrated circuit manufacturing, thin film media patterning, and micromachining
Simple, flexible calibration of phase calculation-based three-dimensional imaging system (2011)

One important step of phase-based three-dimensional imaging system is calibration, which defines the relationship between phase and depth data. Existing calibration methods are complicated and hard to carry out because of using a translation stage or gauge block in a laboratory environment. This Letter introduces a new simple, flexible calibration method by using a checkerboard and a white plate having discrete markers with known separation. The checkerboard determines the internal parameters of a CCD camera. The plate gives phase and depth data of each pixel to establish their relationship. Experimental results and performance evaluation show that the proposed calibration method can reliably build up the accurate relationship between phase map and depth data in a simple, flexible way.
East Texas Hydraulic Fracture Imaging Project: Measuring Hydraulic Fracture Growth of Conventional Sandfracs and Waterfracs (2000)

Abstract This paper presents detailed analyses of hydraulic fracture microseismicity and engineering data created during the joint operator Cotton Valley Hydraulic Fracture Imaging Project in East Texas. The project was a joint operator consortium with the goal of evaluating hydraulic fracture growth of conventional "sandfracs" and waterfracs with very low sand concentrations. A variety of fracture diagnostic tools were used on ten fracture stages in three wells including microseismic and downhole tiltmeter fracture mapping, fracture modeling, stress tests, radioactive tracers, pressure transient well tests, and production logging. We also introduce a methodology that uses full triaxial waveform analysis of the microseismic signals to obtain seismic source parameters, which characterize failure modes during hydraulic fracturing. This information could potentially be used for a detailed description of fracture geometry, growth and complexities and may give some indications about created versus propped fracture lengths. The paper compares the microseismic created lengths and propped lengths with those from frac models.
Fractional Extraction of Rice Bran Oil with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1987)

Journal Article Fractional Extraction of Rice Bran Oil with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Get access Weiqi Zhao, Weiqi Zhao Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, JapanVisiting Scientist from Grain Science Research and Design Institute, Wuxi, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akihiro Shishkura, Akihiro Shishkura Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenshiro Fujimoto, Kenshiro Fujimoto Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunio Arai, Kunio Arai Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shozaburo Saito Shozaburo Saito Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 7, 1 July 1987, Pages 1773–1777, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868305 Published: 01 July 1987 Article history Received: 27 October 1986 Published: 01 July 1987
Developing Chemical Instrumentation for Environmental Use in the Late Twentieth Century: Detecting Lead in Paint Using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (2009)

This article deals with latter twentieth-century, portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry, particularly the emergence of hand-held PXRF instrumentation in the early to middle 1990s. Hand-held PXRF spectrometers provided more convenient, nondestructive chemical analyses in the field, factory, and home. They resulted from attempts to measure lead concentrations in paint in response to US governmental legislation requiring abatement of lead-based paint in residences. The context also included governmental grant support and the organisation of instrumental testing procedures. At the heart of the story were Niton Corporation LLC and Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. (RMD). They devised different, although ultimately successful, hand-held PXRF spectrometers with which to detect lead-based paint. By the late 1990s, Niton's expanding hand-held PXRF product line was establishing an imposing presence of the new technology in chemical instrumentation. The scientific, technological and commercial dimensions of the accomplishments at Niton and Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. — along with the effects on their activities of lead inspectors and governmental largesse — dominate this account at the interface of environmental history and the history of chemical instrumentation.
Electrically tunable room-temperature 2/spl pi/ liquid crystal terahertz phase shifter (2006)

Tunable phase shift up to 360/spl deg/ at 1 THz is demonstrated using electrically controlled birefringence in a vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal (E7) cell, 1.83 mm in thickness. The driving voltage and corresponding field required for a phase shift of 360/spl deg/ at 1 THz are 100 V and 90.5 V/cm, respectively.
Intercellular Electrical Communication in the Heart: A New, Active Role for the Intercalated Disk (2014)

Cardiac conduction is the propagation of electrical excitation through the heart and is responsible for triggering individual myocytes to contract in synchrony. Canonically, this process has been thought to occur electrotonically, by means of direct flow of ions from cell to cell. The intercalated disk (ID), the site of contact between adjacent myocytes, has been viewed as a structure composed of mechanical junctions that stabilize the apposition of cell membranes and gap junctions which constitute low resistance pathways between cells. However, emerging evidence suggests a more active role for structures within the ID in mediating intercellular electrical communication by means of non-canonical ephaptic mechanisms. This review will discuss the role of the ID in the context of the canonical, electrotonic view of conduction and highlight new, emerging possibilities of its playing a more active role in ephaptic coupling between cardiac myocytes.
HIV becomes world's leading infectious cause of death. (1999)

The World Health Organization (WHO) named HIV in 1999 as the leading infectious cause of death in the world, moving ahead of tuberculosis for the first time. WHO estimates that there were 2.3 million AIDS-related deaths in 1998, with the situation being worst in Africa. In 1998, 19 percent of all deaths in Africa were due to AIDS. UNAIDS estimates that there are 39 million people living with HIV infection worldwide, with exploding epidemics in Asia and eastern Europe. The infection rate continues to soar in Africa. A table shows the ten leading causes of death worldwide in 1998.
Raman spectroscopic investigation of phase separation and compositional fluctuations in nanocrystalline In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>N thin films prepared by modified activated reactive evaporation (2011)

Abstract Nano‐crystalline c ‐axis oriented In x Ga 1− x N ( x = 0.93, 0.63, 0.5, 0.36 and 0.18) thin films were prepared by modified activated reactive evaporation technique. Phase segregation was clearly observed for x = 0.5 composition. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal the average grain size for all the films to be varying from 40 to 85 nm. From, the absorption spectra the band gaps for the InGaN films were found to be varying from 1.89 to 2.92 eV. Micro‐Raman scattering at two different excitation energies (1.96 and 2.54 eV) were used to study the phase separation and compositional fluctuations of InGaN layers across their thickness. All the spectra exhibit the characteristic A 1 (LO) and E 2 (high) modes corresponding to hexagonal wurtzite structure for both the excitations. No appreciable change in the peak positions for the two excitations confirms the absence of any significant phase separation across the thickness of InGaN films with x = 0.36 and 0.18 composition. However, for x = 0.93 and 0.63 films, gallium rich minority phase could be detected with 1.96 eV excitation. The changes in the area and FWHM of the two characteristic Raman peaks for different excitations are attributed to the increased structural defects across the sample depth and also to the near resonance effects.
Mapping Anatomical Connectivity Patterns of Human Cerebral Cortex Using In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography (2008)

The characterization of the topological architecture of complex networks underlying the structural and functional organization of the brain is a basic challenge in neuroscience. However, direct evidence for anatomical connectivity networks in the human brain remains scarce. Here, we utilized diffusion tensor imaging deterministic tractography to construct a macroscale anatomical network capturing the underlying common connectivity pattern of human cerebral cortex in a large sample of subjects (80 young adults) and further quantitatively analyzed its topological properties with graph theoretical approaches. The cerebral cortex was divided into 78 cortical regions, each representing a network node, and 2 cortical regions were considered connected if the probability of fiber connections exceeded a statistical criterion. The topological parameters of the established cortical network (binarized) resemble that of a "small-world" architecture characterized by an exponentially truncated power-law distribution. These characteristics imply high resilience to localized damage. Furthermore, this cortical network was characterized by major hub regions in association cortices that were connected by bridge connections following long-range white matter pathways. Our results are compatible with previous structural and functional brain networks studies and provide insight into the organizational principles of human brain anatomical networks that underlie functional states.
Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP; CD46): Isoform-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2000)

Abstract Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a widely expressed type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that inhibits complement activation on host cells. It also is a receptor for several pathogens including measles virus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria gonorrhea, and Neisseria meningitidis. That MCP may have signaling capability was suggested by its microbial interactions. That is, binding of MCP on human monocytes by measles virus hemagglutinin or cross-linking by an anti-MCP Ab resulted in IL-12 down-regulation, while binding to MCP by Neisseria on epithelial cells produced a calcium flux. Through alternative splicing, MCP is expressed on most cells with two distinct cytoplasmic tails of 16 (CYT-1) or 23 (CYT-2) amino acids. These play pivotal roles in intracellular precursor processing and basolateral localization. We investigated the putative signal transduction pathway mediated by MCP and demonstrate that CYT-2, but not CYT-1, is phosphorylated on tyrosine. We examined MCP tail peptides and performed Ab cross-linking experiments on several human cell lines and MCP isoform transfectants. We found an MCP peptide of CYT-2 was phosphorylated by a src kinase system. Western blots of the cells lines demonstrated that cells bearing CYT-2 were also phosphorylated on tyrosine. Additionally, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the src family of kinases is responsible for the latter phosphorylation events. In particular, the src kinase, Lck, is required for phosphorylation of MCP in the Jurkat T cell line. Taken together, these studies suggest a src family-dependent pathway for signaling through MCP.
Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Modification and Combination Chemotherapy: Concurrent Tumor Regression in Areas of Barrier Opening and Progression in Brain Regions Distant to Barrier Opening (1984)

Chemotherapeutic drug delivery can be enhanced by administering drugs into the internal carotid or vertebral artery circulation after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As evidence of the clinical implications of this technique, radiographic documentation of central nervous system (CNS) tumor regression was observed in three patients concurrent with the development of new tumor nodule(s) in portions of the brain distant from the region of osmotic blood-brain barrier opening. These three patients, one with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, one with glioblastoma, and one with primary CNS lymphoma, highlight the importance of drug delivery to CNS malignancies.
Biomechanical factors in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and clinical implications (2014)

Blood vessels are exposed to multiple mechanical forces that are exerted on the vessel wall (radial, circumferential and longitudinal forces) or on the endothelial surface (shear stress). The stresses and strains experienced by arteries influence the initiation of atherosclerotic lesions, which develop at regions of arteries that are exposed to complex blood flow. In addition, plaque progression and eventually plaque rupture is influenced by a complex interaction between biological and mechanical factors-mechanical forces regulate the cellular and molecular composition of plaques and, conversely, the composition of plaques determines their ability to withstand mechanical load. A deeper understanding of these interactions is essential for designing new therapeutic strategies to prevent lesion development and promote plaque stabilization. Moreover, integrating clinical imaging techniques with finite element modelling techniques allows for detailed examination of local morphological and biomechanical characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions that may be of help in prediction of future events. In this ESC Position Paper on biomechanical factors in atherosclerosis, we summarize the current 'state of the art' on the interface between mechanical forces and atherosclerotic plaque biology and identify potential clinical applications and key questions for future research.
Restructuring endpoint congestion control (2018)

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a system to implement complex congestion control functions by placing them in a separate agent outside the datapath. Each datapath---such as the Linux kernel TCP, UDP-based QUIC, or kernel-bypass transports like mTCP-on-DPDK---summarizes information about packet round-trip times, receptions, losses, and ECN via a well-defined interface to algorithms running in the off-datapath Congestion Control Plane (CCP). The algorithms use this information to control the datapath's congestion window or pacing rate. Algorithms written in CCP can run on multiple datapaths. CCP improves both the pace of development and ease of maintenance of congestion control algorithms by providing better, modular abstractions, and supports aggregation capabilities of the Congestion Manager, all with one-time changes to datapaths. CCP also enables new capabilities, such as Copa in Linux TCP, several algorithms running on QUIC and mTCP/DPDK, and the use of signal processing algorithms to detect whether cross-traffic is ACK-clocked. Experiments with our user-level Linux CCP implementation show that CCP algorithms behave similarly to kernel algorithms, and incur modest CPU overhead of a few percent.
The COLOSS <i>BEEBOOK</i> Volume I, Standard methods for <i>Apis mellifera</i> research: Introduction (2013)

The COLOSS BEEBOOK is a practical manual compiling standard methods in all fields of research on the western honey bee, Apis mellifera.
Section Review Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: Angiogenesis inhibition as a drug target for disease: an update (1996)

Angiogenesis is required for the development of many proliferative diseases, including granulomatous disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and neoplasia, as well as diabetic retinopathy. A substantial effort is being made to develop inhibitors of angiogenesis for the treatment of these diseases. This article is an update of a previous review [Colville-Nash & Seed, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs (1993) 2:763-813], and reviews the recent developments in the use of: angiostatic steroids, fumagillol derivatives, somatostatin analogues, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, modulators of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), angiostatin, endostatin, platelet factor-4 (PF4), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), cell adhesion molecules (integrins and selectins), urokinase plasminogen receptor antagonists, cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs), and drug combinations. Most of these approaches have been shown to be effective in inhibiting tumour growth in vivo, and many in models of inflammation. The field has, therefore, a very wide range of effective drug targets which are being exploited. Many areas are still limited by their reliance on high molecular weight molecular technologies, antibodies and constructs; however, low molecular weight compounds are now being sought in areas such as cytokine suppression, VEGF, MMPs, COX, NOS, and adhesion molecules. Angiostatic therapy is a rapidly advancing, therapeutically viable and exciting field.
Effects of Intraocular Epinephrine on the Corneal Endothelium of Rabbits (2002)

Epinephrine is frequently used in the phacoemulsification to dilate pupils. To determine the effects of different concentration of epinephrine on the corneal endothelial cells, twenty-eight rabbit eyes were equally divided into four groups. Solutions, which contained normal saline, 1:1000 epinephrine, 1:5000 epinephrine and 1:10000 epinephrine respectively, were injected into the anterior chambers of the eyes of four groups of rabbits. In vivo morphological changes of corneal endothelium and changes of thickness were checked with specular microscopy. In vitro morphological evaluation of corneal endothelium was observed in excised corneal buttons stained with alizarin red with trypan blue, and with scanning electron microscopy. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in cell density and corneal thickness among the four groups. Alizarin red with trypan blue stain and SEM exam revealed smooth and distinct cell borders of endothelial cells in each group. Intracameral injection of epinephrine does not produce toxic effect on corneal endothelial cells in rabbits.