gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems II. Volume 3219 (1998)

Abstract : The Final Proceedings for Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems II, 23 September 1997 - 26 September 1997 Propagation and imaging through optical turbulence; propagation and imaging through inhomogeneous and dense media; multiple scattering effects on LIDAR and imager performance; imaging of ground based and airborne objects from space and vice versa; propagation models and correction methods for atmospheric effects in remote sensing; techniques for mitigation of atmospheric effects.
Surface Treatment of Inorganic Pigments by <i>N</i>ε-Acyllysine (1983)

Abstract Inorganic pigments(calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide) were treated with Nε-lauroyl-l-lysine, which is almost insoluble in both polar and nonpolar solvents. Two methods were employed for the treatment: (1) grinding of various weight proportional mixtures of pigment and the N-acyllysine; (2) adsorption of the N-acyllysine from its calcium ethylate solution on pigment. In method(1), the sufficient hydrophobic treatment was made when the weight percent of the N-acyllysine in the mixture was above about 30%. On the other hand, in method(2), although the amount adsorbed of the N-acyllysine was about in the range of 10−6 mol/g, the treated pigment showed a hydrophobicity. The critical surface tension of the treated samples estimated by using various mixtures of methanol and water was in the range from 23 to 39 dyn/cm.
Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management. (1977)

Hemoptysis is one of the most important symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease-first, because bleeding even in small amounts may indicate the presence of such serious diseases as bronchogenic carcinoma or active tuberculosis, and second, because untreated massive hemorrhage is associated with a high mortality rate. The cause of hemoptysis may be suggested by the history, physical examination or chest x-ray findings, but often diagnostic procedures such as bronchoscopy, bronchography and pulmonary angiography are needed for definitive diagnosis. The importance of early localization of the bleeding site and surgical intervention in patients with massive hemoptysis is stressed.
Posttranslational modification of tubulin by palmitoylation: II. Identification of sites of palmitoylation. (1997)

As shown in the companion article, tubulin is posttranslationally modified in vivo by palmitoylation. Our goal in this study was to identify the palmitoylation sites by protein structure analysis. To obtain quantities of palmitoylated tubulin required for this analysis, a cell-free system for enzymatic [3H]palmitoylation was developed and characterized in our companion article. We then developed a methodology to examine directly the palmitoylation of all 451 amino acids of alpha-tubulin. 3H-labeled palmitoylated alpha-tubulin was cleaved with cyanogen bromide (CNBr). The CNBr digest was resolved according to peptide size by gel filtration on Sephadex LH60 in formic acid:ethanol. The position of 3H-labeled palmitoylated amino acids in peptides could not be identified by analysis of the Edman degradation sequencer product because the palmitoylated sequencer products were lost during the final derivatization step to phenylthiohydantoin derivatives. Modification of the gas/liquid-phase sequencer to deliver the intermediate anilinothiozolinone derivative, rather than the phenylthiohydantoin derivative, identified the cycle containing the 3H-labeled palmitoylated residue. Therefore, structure analysis of peptides obtained from gel filtration necessitated dual sequencer runs of radioactive peptides, one for sequence analysis and one to identify 3H-labeled palmitoylated amino acids. Further cleavage of the CNBr peptides by trypsin and Lys-C protease, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex LH60 and dual sequencer runs, positioned the 3H-labeled palmitoylated amino acid residues in peptides. Integration of all the available structural information led to the assignment of the palmitoyl moiety to specific residues in alpha-tubulin. The palmitoylated residues in alpha-tubulin were confined to cysteine residues only. The major site for palmitoylation was cysteine residue 376.
Peptide Profiling of Cells with Multiple Gene Products:  Combining Immunochemistry and MALDI Mass Spectrometry with On-Plate Microextraction (2000)

Due to the intracellular chemical complexity and a wide range of transmitter concentrations, the detection of the complete set of peptide transmitters in a single cell is problematic. In the current study, a multidisciplinary approach combining single-cell MALDI-MS peptide profiling, northern analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry allows characterization of a more complete set of neurotransmitters than individual approaches in the Aplysia californica B1 and B2 motor neurons. Because different results were obtained using both in situ and immunohistochemical techniques compared to previous reports, MALDI-MS assays have been used to examine CP1-related gene products in these cells. However, MALDI with standard sample preparation does not detect the presence of the CP1 gene products. A novel on-plate microextraction approach using concentrated MALDI matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a mixture of acetone and water as the solvent has been developed to allow the detection of trace-level gene expression products. Both neuropeptide precursors in the B1 and B2 neurons-the SCP and CP1 prohormones-end with large peptides that have multiple cysteine residues. For SCP, MALDI-MS verifies the presence of a novel 9325 Da SCP-related peptide. In the case of CP1, a disulfide-bonded homodimer is detected and the disulfide bonding pattern elucidated using MALDI-MS coupled with on-plate enzymatic digestion.
Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination (2001)

Sample size determination is often an important step in planning a statistical study—and it is usually a difficult one. Among the important hurdles to be surpassed, one must obtain an estimate of one or more error variances and specify an effect size of importance. There is the temptation to take some shortcuts. This article offers some suggestions for successful and meaningful sample size determination. Also discussed is the possibility that sample size may not be the main issue, that the real goal is to design a high-quality study. Finally, criticism is made of some ill-advised shortcuts relating to power and sample size.
Structure−Activity Relationship of Iron Titanate Catalysts in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> with NH<sub>3</sub> (2010)

A series of iron titanate catalysts, FeaTibOx, with different Fe-Ti molar ratios are synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method and tested for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. The structural properties and redox behavior of the serial catalysts are comprehensively characterized. Comparing with pristine TiO2 and Fe2O3, the coexistence of iron and titanium species is favorable to form crystallites with specific Fe-O-Ti structure, Which is highly active for the NH3-SCR reaction. Fe4Ti4Ox catalyst with a Fe-Ti molar ratio of 1:1 shows the highest intrinsic activity, due to its smallest particle size, enhanced oxidative ability of Fe3+, highest mobility of lattice oxygen, and abundant acid sites. The correlation between catalytic performance and reactant adsorption capability/conformation is also studied, indicating that an appropriate method to improve the low temperature SCR activity of iron titanate catalyst is to enhance the adsorption ability of NOx as monodentate nitrate on catalyst surface.
[Effect of curcumin on caspase 8- and caspase 9- induced apoptosis of lymphoma Raji cell]. (2005)

Curcumin is a crucial component of curcuma. Recently more attention has been paid to the effect of curcumin on specific proliferative inhibition and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer activities of curcumin and its molecular mechanism. Raji cells (lymphoma cell line) were selected as studying targets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) obtained from healthy donors were separated by Ficoll solution and suspended in RMPI 1640. The inhibition rates of Raji cells and PBMNC after treatment with curcumin at various concentrations and different times were determined by MTT method and were compared. The expressions of caspase 8 and caspase 9 in Raji cells after treatment with curcumin at 25 micromol/L (IC(50)) and for 24 hours were detected by Western blot. The results showed that curcumin could inhibit proliferation of Raji cells in dose-and time-dependent manner. Curcumin could remarkablely enhance the Raji cell apoptosis at 25 micromol/L and 24 hours (P < 0.01), and its effect was dose-dependent and time-selective. Curcumin had no remarkable effect on PBMNC at certain concentrations, which demonstrated that curcumin could selectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation. It is concluded that the expression of caspase 8 and caspase 9 plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cells, so that curcumin showed inhibitive effect on Raji cells at various concentrations.
Reflectance and durability of Ag mirrors coated with thin layers of Al_2O_3 plus reactively deposited silicon oxide (1975)

A technique for producing adherent and well-protected front surface Ag mirrors with an evaporated Al(2)O(3) + SiO(x) overcoat and an evaporated Al(2)O(3) underlayer is described. A thin Al(2)O(3) layer promotes adhesion between the Ag film and its substrate. The optimum thickness of each outer layer necessary to give good adhesion and protection to the Ag surface with minimal loss in reflectance due to ir absorption was found to be about 300 A for the Al(2)O(3) layer and between 1000 A and 2000 A for the SiO(x) film. Ag surfaces coated in this fashion retained a normal incidence reflectance in excess of 95% over the wavelength region from 450 nm to the far ir, even when exposed to harsh sulfide and humidity environments. Calculations demonstrate the advantage of using protected front surface Ag in comparison to more durable metal reflectors, such as Al or Rh, in terms of high reflectance and low visible region polarization. However, a very pronouncedrestrahlen reflectance and absorption effect in the thicker SiO(x) film is responsible for a calculated drop in reflectance from 98.5% to about 65% at lambda = 8.1 mum and 45 degrees incidence for the Ag + Al(2)O(3) + SiO(x) coating.
Implementing a multi-agent systems approach to collaborative autonomous manufacturing operations (2002)

Remote space operations is a very demanding domain for software systems, requiring the characteristics of high availability, robustness, autonomy, real-time or near real-time response times, ease of reprogramming, and low computational footprint. A further desirable characteristic is the ability for remote systems or vehicles to collaborate to achieve tasks such as exploration or remote processing or sensing. Intelligent agent technology has advanced to the point where it is now finding application in robotic manufacturing, such as the application described in this paper. The authors believe that many of the lessons being learned in the collaborative manufacturing domain have relevance to space operations. This paper describes a novel agent-based execution architecture. Integral to this architecture is the separation of part processing concerns from manufacturing concerns. Thus we have part agents which are able to issue and track resource-independent part-processing requests. An interface agent then transforms a resource-independent request into one or more resource-dependent requests and dispatches them to the appropriate manufacturing agents. Execution of the dispatched requests then proceeds autonomously, taking into account safety constraints. We also describe an implementation of this architecture for a robotic assembly cell located at the University of Cambridge using JACK Intelligent Agents/sup TM/. The paper concludes with the lessons learned from this experiment, and highlights those of relevance to the domain of space operations.
Symmetry detection using complex moments (2002)

We present an efficient algorithm for detecting all the symmetry axes of a 2D planar shape. We proved theorems relating to certain distinguishing properties of the generalised complex moments computed for symmetrical objects. Based on these properties, the detection of symmetry axes can be carried out efficiently and accurately. The algorithm can also be applied to detecting partially (perceptually) symmetrical objects.
Temperature dependent band gap in PbX (X = S, Se, Te) (2013)

PbTe is an important thermoelectric material for power generation applications due its high conversion efficiency and reliability. Its extraordinary thermoelectric performance is attributed to band convergence of the light L and heavy Σ bands. However, the temperature at which these bands converge is disputed. In this letter, we provide direct experimental evidence combined with ab initio calculations that confirm an increasing optical gap up to 673 K and predict a band convergence temperature of 700 K, much higher than previous measurements showing saturation and band convergence at 450 K.
Identification of a DNA-binding domain in the amino terminus of adeno-associated virus Rep proteins (1993)

The Rep78 and Rep68 proteins of adeno-associated virus (AAV) bind to the AAV terminal repeat hairpin DNA and are required for viral replication. We have expressed a series of mutant rep genes from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat promoter in human 293 cells and in an in vitro transcription-translation system. Mutant proteins were analyzed for AAV hairpin DNA binding and AAV terminal resolution functions. Deletion of amino acid residues 523 through 621 of Rep 78 had no effect on these functions. Amber mutant Rep proteins truncated at either amino acid 237 or amino acid 243 showed no detectable hairpin DNA binding or terminal resolution activity. A frameshift mutant Rep protein which contained Rep78 amino acids 1 through 241 lacked terminal resolution functions but bound specifically to the AAV hairpin DNA. The carboxyl-terminal missense sequence in this mutant appeared to have complemented an AAV-specific DNA-binding domain within the amino terminus of the Rep protein. mutant Rep protein in which methionine 225 of Rep78 was deleted (M225dl) was reduced threefold in AAV hairpin binding and had no terminal resolution functions. A mutant Rep protein in which a glycine was substituted at position 225 (M225G) was fully functional in these assays. When M225dl extract was mixed with wild-type Rep78 extract, AAV terminal resolution by Rep78 was inhibited. These results suggest that the amino-terminal portion of Rep78 and Rep68 contains a domain which can direct binding to AAV terminal hairpin DNA and that elements within the central region of the protein stabilize binding.
T-Jump/FT-IR Spectroscopy: A New Entry into the Rapid, Isothermal Pyrolysis Chemistry of Solids and Liquids (1992)

The interface of a Pt filament pyrolysis control unit and a rapid-scan FT-IR spectrometer is described that enables the thermal decomposition of a thin film of material to be studied isothermally after heating at 2000°C/s. A model of the heat transfer of the Pt filament as a function of gas atmosphere and pressure is developed to help understand the instrument response. The control voltage of the Pt filament is highly sensitive to the thermochemistry of the thin film of sample. By simultaneously recording the control voltage and the rapid-scan IR spectra of the near-surface gas products, one learns considerable detail about chemical mechanisms relevant to combustion of a bulk material. The application of T-jump/FT-IR spectroscopy is illustrated with rapid thermolysis data for the energetic organoazide polymers azidomethyl-methyloxetane (AMMO), bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO), and glycidylazide polymer (GAP); the cyclic nitramine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacine (HMX); and the nitroaromatic 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB).
10 kW-level spectral beam combination of two high power broad-linewidth fiber lasers by means of edge filters (2017)

We demonstrated a scheme to spectrally combine two high power, broad-linewidth single beams using a steep edge filter as the combining element. 10.12 kW combined output power is achieved with a beam quality of M2
x = 11.4 and M2
y = 10.4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power ever reported for the filter based SBC system. Despite the broad emission spectrum of the single channel, the combining efficiency is measured to be 98.9%, which proves the high efficiency of the filter for both the reflection and transmission cases. A detail analysis of the thermal behavior is carried out to aid in the optimization of the beam quality. This SBC system permits the efficient combining of the beams with broad linewidth and provides another approach to achieve a combined output beam beyond 10 kW level.
Phase-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy with BWOs in reflection mode (2009)

We report on a method, which allows accurate measurements of complex reflection coefficient, r circ= |r circ| middot exp(iphi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> ), of a solid at frequencies 1 to 50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (30 GHz - 1.5 THz). Backward-wave oscillators (BWOs) are used as sources of monochromatic coherent radiation, tunable in frequency. The amplitude of the complex reflection (the reflectivity) is measured in a standard way, while the phase shift, introduced by the reflection from the sample surface, is measured using a Michelson interferometer. This method is particular useful for not-transparent samples, where phase-sensitive transmission measurements are not possible. The method requires no Kramers-Kronig transformation in order to extract the sample's electrodynamic properties (such as complex dielectric function or complex conductivity). Another area of application of this method is the study of magnetic materials with complex dynamic permeability different from unity at the measurement frequencies (for example, metamaterials). Measuring both, the phase-sensitive transmission and the phase-sensitive reflection, would allow a straightforward model-independent determination of the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability of such materials.
Position effect in human genetic disease (1998)

The spatially, temporally and quantitatively correct expression of a gene requires the presence not only of intact coding sequence, free of adverse nucleotide changes, but also correctly functioning regulatory control. With the identification of an increasing number of disease-related genes, the molecular defect in many cases has been defined. It is becoming clear that it is not always the transcription unit that bears the defect: there are a number of cases where the regulation of gene expression has been compromised. Cases associated with chromosomal rearrangement outside the transcription and promoter regions are categorized as position effects. A number of different mechanisms may explain their aetiology. Here, we examine the human disorders where such position effects are implicated. Further study of such cases may lead to important insights into mechanisms of gene regulation and transcriptional control.
Subretinal Implantation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Improved Survival When Implanted as a Monolayer (2013)

hESC-RPE can survive for at least 12 months in an immunocompromised animal model. Polarized monolayers of hESC-RPE show improved survival compared to cell suspensions. The lack of teratoma or any ectopic tissue formation in the implanted rats bodes well for similar results with respect to safety in human subjects.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal transduction (2009)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exhibit broad spectra of biological activities in various tissues, including bone, cartilage, blood vessels, heart, kidney, neurons, liver and lung. BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family that bind to type II and type I serine-threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through Smad and non-Smad signalling pathways. Recent findings have revealed that BMP signalling is finely tuned by various mechanisms in both positive and negative fashions. Perturbations of BMP signalling pathways are linked to a wide variety of clinical disorders, including vascular diseases, skeletal diseases and cancer. Administration of recombinant BMP ligands and increasing endogenous expression of BMPs provide therapeutic effects on some diseases. The recent development of BMP receptor inhibitors may also prove useful for some clinical diseases induced by hyperactivation of the BMP signalling pathways.
Crosstalk between Inflammation and ROCK/MLCK Signaling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Disorders with Intestinal Hyperpermeability (2016)

The barrier function of the intestine is essential for maintaining the normal homeostasis of the gut and mucosal immune system. Abnormalities in intestinal barrier function expressed by increased intestinal permeability have long been observed in various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Imbalance of metabolizing junction proteins and mucosal inflammation contributes to intestinal hyperpermeability. Emerging studies exploring <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> model system demonstrate that Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) and myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) mediated pathways are involved in the regulation of intestinal permeability. With this perspective, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and ROCK-/MLCK-mediated pathways leading to intestinal hyperpermeability in gastrointestinal disorders. In the near future, it may be possible to specifically target these specific pathways to develop novel therapies for gastrointestinal disorders associated with increased gut permeability.
Thin film optical coatings 1 Optical coating stabilities (1977)

Following a short mathematical recapitulation of thin film theory, the stability of a coating is defined with respect to the optical thickness of each layer or with respect to wavelength. The first and second derivatives of the reflection factor are calculated, and these results are applied to practical examples.
Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein Is a Substrate for the Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans Isomerase Activity of Cyclophilins A and B (2009)

We report here a biochemical and structural characterization of domain 2 of the nonstructural 5A protein (NS5A) from the JFH1 Hepatitis C virus strain and its interactions with cyclophilins A and B (CypA and CypB). Gel filtration chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and finally NMR spectroscopy all indicate the natively unfolded nature of this NS5A-D2 domain. Because mutations in this domain have been linked to cyclosporin A resistance, we used NMR spectroscopy to investigate potential interactions between NS5A-D2 and cellular CypA and CypB. We observed a direct molecular interaction between NS5A-D2 and both cyclophilins. The interaction surface on the cyclophilins corresponds to their active site, whereas on NS5A-D2, it proved to be distributed over the many proline residues of the domain. NMR heteronuclear exchange spectroscopy yielded direct evidence that many proline residues in NS5A-D2 form a valid substrate for the enzymatic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of CypA and CypB.