gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IARNN-Based Semantic-Containing Double-Level Embedding Bi-LSTM for Question-and-Answer Matching (2019)

We propose a novel end-to-end approach, namely, the semantic-containing double-level embedding Bi-LSTM model (SCDE-Bi-LSTM), to solve the three key problems of Q&A matching in the Chinese medical field. In the similarity calculation of the Q&A core module, we propose a text similarity calculation method that contains semantic information, to solve the problem that previous Q&A methods do not incorporate the deep information of a sentence into the similarity calculations. For the sentence vector representation module, we present a double-level embedding sentence representation method to reduce the error caused by Chinese medical word segmentation. In addition, due to the problem of the attention mechanism tending to cause backward deviation of the features, we propose an improved algorithm based on Bi-LSTM in the feature extraction stage. The Q&A framework proposed in this paper not only retains important timing features but also loses low-frequency features and noise. Additionally, it is applicable to different domains. To verify the framework, extensive Chinese medical Q&A corpora are created. We run several state-of-the-art Q&A methods as contrastive experiments on the medical corpora and the current popular insuranceQA dataset under different performance measures. The experimental results on the medical corpora show that our framework significantly outperforms several strong baselines and achieves an improvement of top-1 accuracy of up to 14%, reaching 79.15%.
Novel biobased photo‐crosslinked polymer networks prepared from vegetable oil and 2,5‐furan diacrylate (2013)

Novel biobased crosslinked polymer networks were prepared from vegetable oil with 2,5‐furan diacrylate as a difunctional stiffener through UV photopolymerization, and the mechanical properties of the resulting films were evaluated. The vegetable oil raw materials used were acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), acrylated castor oil (ACO), and acrylated 7,10‐dihydroxy‐8( E )‐octadecenoic acid (ADOD). 2,5‐Furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which can be synthesized through the oxidative dehydration of C6 sugars, was identified by the US Department of Energy as one of 12 priority chemicals for establishing the green chemistry industry of the future. 2,5‐Furan dimethanol (bis‐hydroxymethylfuran), which can be derived from FDCA, was used as a starting material to synthesize 2,5‐furan diacrylate, which was used as a biobased comonomer along with AESO, ACO, or ADOD to form photo‐crosslinked polymer networks. The synthesis of acrylate derivatives was confirmed using FT‐IR and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. The composition of the reaction mixture was changed to obtain crosslinked polymer networks with various mechanical properties. The addition of 2,5‐furan diacrylate increased the tensile strengths of the polymer films by up to 1.4–4.2 times relative to those obtained without the addition. These fully biobased polymers derived from vegetable oil and sugar can be used as environmentally friendly renewable materials for various applications to replace the existing petroleum‐based polymers currently used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetry and defects in the CM phase of polymeric liquid crystals (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSymmetry and defects in the CM phase of polymeric liquid crystalsHelmut R. Brand, P. E. Cladis, and Harald PleinerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 26, 7223–7226Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00052a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00052a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distinct progenitor populations in skeletal muscle are bone marrow derived and exhibit different cell fates during vascular regeneration (2003)

Vascular progenitors were previously isolated from blood and bone marrow; herein, we define the presence, phenotype, potential, and origin of vascular progenitors resident within adult skeletal muscle. Two distinct populations of cells were simultaneously isolated from hindlimb muscle: the side population (SP) of highly purified hematopoietic stem cells and non-SP cells, which do not reconstitute blood. Muscle SP cells were found to be derived from, and replenished by, bone marrow SP cells; however, within the muscle environment, they were phenotypically distinct from marrow SP cells. Non-SP cells were also derived from marrow stem cells and contained progenitors with a mesenchymal phenotype. Muscle SP and non-SP cells were isolated from Rosa26 mice and directly injected into injured muscle of genetically matched recipients. SP cells engrafted into endothelium during vascular regeneration, and non-SP cells engrafted into smooth muscle. Thus, distinct populations of vascular progenitors are resident within skeletal muscle, are derived from bone marrow, and exhibit different cell fates during injury-induced vascular regeneration.
Perfluoro-n-propyl Disulfide and Perfluoro-n-propyl Trisulfide (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerfluoro-n-propyl Disulfide and Perfluoro-n-propyl TrisulfideMurray Hauptschein and Aristid V. GrosseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5461–5463Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a527https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a527research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Zu den Ágyptisch-ägäischen handelsbeziehungen zwischen ca. 1370 und 1200 v.Chr.: I Das handelssystem (1988)

This case presented that Toripalimab and chemotherapy may be a safe and effective systemic therapy for ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma.
Design of a Steerable Reflect-array Antenna with Semiconductor Tunable Varactor Diodes (2006)

The demonstrator of a steerable reflect-array antenna was designed as a system of dipoles loaded by varactor diodes. The microwave response of a dipole loaded by varactor has been simulated in closed form based on equivalent circuit approach. The circuit analytical model has been verified by the full-wave analysis. Change of the varactor capacitance in the range of 0.3–1.3 pF was provided by biasing voltage 0–20V. The array consists of 20 dipoles structured as two parallel lines. The operational frequency is 11GHz, the length of the dipole is 9.2mm, spacing between dipoles is 18mm. The double-side metallized PTFE with e = 2.8 and thickness of 1mm was used as a substrate. Dipole structure was manufactured by a photolithographic process and formed with surface mounted varactor diodes. The radiation pattern of the array is characterized by the width of the main beam ≈ 8◦, the side lobe level -(12÷20) dB, the steering range ±15◦. Control voltage was set manually with variable resistors separately for each varactor. The fine alignment of the control voltage for each varactors turned out to be very important. Inherited data are used for correction of the operational principle of a varactor steerable antenna controller.
Global and local quality measures for NIR iris video (2009)

In the field of iris-based recognition, evaluation of quality of images has a number of important applications. These include image acquisition, enhancement, and data fusion. Iris image quality metrics designed for these applications are used as figures of merit to quantify degradations or improvements in iris images due to various image processing operations. This paper elaborates on the factors and introduces new global and local factors that can be used to evaluate iris video and image quality. The main contributions of the paper are as follows. (1) A fast global quality evaluation procedure for selecting the best frames from a video or an image sequence is introduced. (2) A number of new local quality measures for the iris biometrics are introduced. The performance of the individual quality measures is carefully analyzed. Since performance of iris recognition systems is evaluated in terms of the distributions of matching scores and recognition probability of error, from a good iris image quality metric it is also expected that its performance is linked to the recognition performance of the biometric recognition system.
Estimating landmark locations from geo-referenced photographs (2008)

The problem of estimating the positions of landmarks using a mobile robot equipped with a camera has intensively been studied in the past. In this paper, we consider a variant of this problem in which the robot should estimate the locations of observed landmarks based on a sparse set of geo-referenced images for which no heading information is available. Sources for such kind of data are image portals such as Flickr or Google Image Search. We formulate the problem of estimating the landmark locations as an optimization problem and show that it is possible to accurately localize the landmarks in real world settings.
PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF ALUMINUM TRIMETHYL DIMER (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF ALUMINUM TRIMETHYL DIMERNorbert Muller and Donald E. PritchardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 1, 248–249Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01486a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01486a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyrimidine derivatives and related compounds. 39. Novel cycloaromatization reaction of 5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracil with three-carbon nucleophiles. Synthesis of substituted 4-hydroxybenzoates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidine derivatives and related compounds. 39. Novel cycloaromatization reaction of 5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracil with three-carbon nucleophiles. Synthesis of substituted 4-hydroxybenzoatesKosaku Hirota, Yukio Kitade, and Shigeo SendaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 20, 3949–3953Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00333a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00333a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Auto bias control technique for QPSK modulator with asymmetric bias dithering (2010)

A simple and highly sensitive bias control technique based on asymmetric bias dithering is presented for optical quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulators. The penalty induced by this method is shown to be 0.2 dB.
Data-Reduction and -Search System for Digital Absorbance Spectra (1966)

Cross-correlation technique is effective as an alternative to coding procedures for systematizing the manipulation of a large file of digital spectral data. As a search method, it is reliable in the recognition of matching spectra and yields a low incidence of false identifications. Precision is governed by the purity of specimens rather than instrumental factors. The utility of a file is augmented by treatment of the spectra as vectors that are normalized to unit length before storage. Such reduction minimizes computer time required for the determination of correlation coefficients; in addition, proportionality factors are eliminated and plots can be superposed on a concentration-independent basis to supplement correlation searches.
Evaluation of early diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis in a 10 year follow-up. (1990)

A set of early diagnostic (ED) criteria comprising clinical data, ESR, radiological spinal signs, and the risk factor HLA B27 was evaluated after 5 and 10 years in a follow-up of 54 patients with an initial diagnosis of possible ankylosing spondylitis (AS). After 10 years 32 patients (59%) had developed definite AS according to the New York criteria, 10 individuals (19%) had possible or undifferentiated spondylarthropathy (SA), whereas in 12 patients (22%) other diagnoses were stated. ED criteria had a high discriminatory significance for the development of AS after 5 and 10 years (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.001 respectively). In this respect they were more valuable than B27 determination alone (P less than 0.01) or the ED criteria without HLA B27 (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, patients with still possible or undifferentiated SA had a higher mean score at the first examination than individuals with other final diagnosis (P less than 0.05). Thus, the ED criteria were useful for the identification of patients developing definite AS and of individuals in the AS related group of possible or undifferentiated SA.
Evidence for the safety of gum tragacanth (Asiatic<i>Astragalus</i>spp.) and modern criteria for the evaluation of food additives (1989)

Gum tragacanth (GT), affirmed as GRAS within the USA since 1961, was evaluated as 'ADI not specified' by JECFA in 1985. Within the EEC, GT has been permitted temporarily as a food additive (E413), without an ADI, since 1974; a decision regarding its permanent status must be reached before the end of 1988. This review collates the dietary, toxicological, immunological and chemical data available and presents the pre-requisite data concerning the 'Need' and low levels of utilization of GT.
Vacuum Insulation Panels in Buildings: Literature Review (2012)

The European Union has decided to decrease the energy use for heating of buildings with 50% in 2050. To reach the target, the amount of insulation in the building envelope has to increase. With conventional insulation materials, such as mineral wool and expanded polystyrene (EPS), the required additional thickness of the building envelope leads to a larger share of the building volume dedicated for structural elements. A novel thermal insulation components introduced to the building market during the last decade is the vacuum insulation panel (VIP). It can give the same thermal resistance using a thinner construction. This report presents the properties of VIP and the factors which have to be considered when using VIP in buildings.A number of examples of different constructions are presented where VIP is used in both new buildings and in retrofitting of old buildings. VIP cannot be adapted on the construction site and is very prone to damages. In case a VIP is punctured, the thermal conductivity increases fivefold. The metalized multi-layered polymer film around the VIP creates a thermal bridge which has to be considered. A construction with VIP has to be designed in a way to protect the VIP during the entire service life without risk of damaging the surrounding materials.Despite the obstacles which have to be overcome to use VIP in building applications, it is an interesting component that may play an important role on the path to reduce the energy use for heating of buildings. In the literature it is recommended to integrate the VIP in a way that they are easy to exchange after their service life has expired. By doing so and by educating the builder and designer in the special considerations when working with VIP the energy use for heating in the existing building stock could be reduced.
[Is regression of atherosclerosis possible?]. (1992)

Experimental studies have shown the regression of atherosclerosis in animals given a cholesterol-rich diet and then given a normal diet or hypolipidemic therapy. Despite favourable results of clinical trials of primary prevention modifying the lipid profile, the concept of atherosclerosis regression in man remains very controversial. The methodological approach is difficult: this is based on angiographic data and requires strict standardisation of angiographic views and reliable quantitative techniques of analysis which are available with image processing. Several methodologically acceptable clinical coronary studies have shown not only stabilisation but also regression of atherosclerotic lesions with reductions of about 25% in total cholesterol levels and of about 40% in LDL cholesterol levels. These reductions were obtained either by drugs as in CLAS (Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study), FATS (Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study) and SCOR (Specialized Center of Research Intervention Trial), by profound modifications in dietary habits as in the Lifestyle Heart Trial, or by surgery (ileo-caecal bypass) as in POSCH (Program On the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias). On the other hand, trials with non-lipid lowering drugs such as the calcium antagonists (INTACT, MHIS) have not shown significant regression of existing atherosclerotic lesions but only a decrease on the number of new lesions. The clinical benefits of these regression studies are difficult to demonstrate given the limited period of observation, relatively small population numbers and the fact that in some cases the subjects were asymptomatic. The decrease in the number of cardiovascular events therefore seems relatively modest and concerns essentially subjects who were symptomatic initially. The clinical repercussion of studies of prevention involving a single lipid factor is probably partially due to the reduction in progression and anatomical regression of the atherosclerotic plaque.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nanopantography: A Method for Parallel Writing of Etched and Deposited Nanopatterns (2009)

Professor Vincent M. Donnelly from the University of Houston, presented a lecture at the Nano@Tech Meeting on October 19, 2009 at 12 noon in room 1116 of the Marcus Nanotechnology building.
Biochemical aspects of Parkinson's disease (1998)

The importance of the striatal dopamine (DA) deficiency and the DA substituting property of levodopa for the pathophysiology and therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is reiterated. In addition, it is shown that in PD, significantly reduced DA levels are also found in the nucleus accumbens, external and internal segments of the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra reticulata, and the subthalamic nucleus. It is proposed that, in addition to the critical role played by the striatal DA loss, the DA changes in the extrastriatal nuclei of the basal ganglia are importantly involved in the pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in the parkinsonian movement disorder, and that the therapeutic and/or side effects of DA substitution therapy may, in part, be mediated through these brain regions which, like the striatum, suffer DAergic deafferentation in PD. From observations in brain of patients with secondary parkinsonism, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine parkinsonism in the rhesus monkey, as well as the regional DA transporter distribution in the primate substantia nigra, it is concluded that PD may be caused by any exogenous and/or endogenous toxin using the transporter system for DA and to some degree the other brain monoamines (noradrenaline, serotonin), to enter, and damage, the respective monoamine neurons. Based on converging evidence, the view is advanced that endogenous, genetically based (excessive) formation, or accumulation, of toxic DA transporter substrates, such as isoquinoline or beta-carboline derivatives, may in fact represent the primary cause of substantia nigra cell degeneration in patients with PD.