gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypnotics in Infusion Anaesthesia — with Particular Reference to Thiopentone (1987)

Hypnotics are a group of drugs whose primary action is to produce unconsciousness. This contrasts to the opioids whose primary action is to reduce the sensation of pain and the tranquillisers whose primary action is to calm and to attenuate psychotic disease. Hypnotics of interest to the anaesthetist are the inhalational agents and intravenously administered drugs, including the barbiturates thiopentone and methohexitone, chlormethiazole, etomidate and propofol. Knowledge of the use of hypnotics to maintain anaesthesia is largely confined to the volatile anaesthetic agents, while knowledge of the use of the intravenous hypnotics is largely restricted to their use as intravenous induction agents and as sedative for regional procedures. The use of intravenous hypnotics to maintain anaesthesia requires careful control of infusion rates based on pharmacokinetic predictions. Once techniques are established, favourable operating conditions can be achieved, as well as acceptably short recovery times. With such techniques, the benefits of freedom from many of the adverse aspects of inhalational anaesthesia can be realised.
Robust microarray production of freshly expressed proteins in a human milieu (2012)

HCIVT is a robust in vitro transcription and translation system that yields high levels of protein produced in a human milieu. It can be used in applications where protein expression in a mammalian system and high yields are needed. The increased immunogenic response of HCIVT-expressed proteins will be critical for biomarker discovery in many diseases, including cancer.
The fast Householder filters-RLS adaptive filter (2002)

A fast Householder filter (FHF) QR-RLS algorithm is presented that requires significantly less (by a factor of at least three) computation than previous fast QR-RLS adaptive algorithms. The essential feature of the new method is that it replaces the Givens rotations used in these fast QR algorithms by Householder transformations. A set of filters that characterize the QR factorization of a data matrix is derived, and time updates on this set are determined using a generic Householder updating identity. The FHF requires 7N computations per iteration for the standard prewindowed case, which is the same as the FTF (fast transversal filter) and FAEST fast (non-QR) RLS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disruption of phase during PCR amplification and cloning of heterozygous target sequences (1990)

PCR amplification of genomic DNA or cDNA has become a standard tool for identification of mutations underlying genetic disease. There are inherent limitations in the application of this method in compound heterozygotes. One problem which is encountered is the disruption of phase (linkage) between heterozygous polymorphisms represented on heterologous alleles. A test system was used to demonstrate and quantitate the disruption of phase between two polymorphic restriction sites. Phase is disrupted in approximately 1% of the PCR amplified material, possibly due to incomplete chain elongations and subsequent priming on the heterologous allele. Phase is disrupted in approximately 1/4 of cloned PCR fragments, possibly due to excision repair of heteroduplexes during cloning. The implications of these disruptions for the use of PCR in identifying mutations are discussed.
Composite- Type pin Grid Array package (1986)

A composite pin grid array (PGA) package was developed. This package is composed of the base, the polyimide film with the wiring paths of copper, and the cap. An attractive feature of this package is its electrical performance. Moreover, this package is suitable both for customization and for mass production at relatively low cost with reduced lead time from design to production.
An algorithm to increase intelligibility for hearing-impaired listeners in the presence of a competing talker (2017)

Individuals with hearing impairment have particular difficulty perceptually segregating concurrent voices and understanding a talker in the presence of a competing voice. In contrast, individuals with normal hearing perform this task quite well. This listening situation represents a very different problem for both the human and machine listener, when compared to perceiving speech in other types of background noise. A machine learning algorithm is introduced here to address this listening situation. A deep neural network was trained to estimate the ideal ratio mask for a male target talker in the presence of a female competing talker. The monaural algorithm was found to produce sentence-intelligibility increases for hearing-impaired (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) listeners at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). This benefit was largest for the HI listeners and averaged 59%-points at the least-favorable SNR, with a maximum of 87%-points. The mean intelligibility achieved by the HI listeners using the algorithm was equivalent to that of young NH listeners without processing, under conditions of identical interference. Possible reasons for the limited ability of HI listeners to perceptually segregate concurrent voices are reviewed as are possible implementation considerations for algorithms like the current one.
Receptor-based virtual screening evaluation for the identification of estrogen receptor<b>β</b>ligands (2014)

In this paper, a receptor-based virtual screening study for the identification of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) ligands was developed. Starting from a commercial database of 400,000 molecules, only six compounds resulted to be potential active ligands of ERβ. Interestingly, all the six molecules possess scaffolds that had already been reported in known ERβ ligands. Therefore, the results obtained herein confirm the reliability of our virtual screening procedure, thus encouraging the application of this protocol to larger commercial databases in order to identify new ERβ ligands.
Effect of ultrasonic cavitation on small and large organisms for water disinfection during fish transport (2017)

Motivated by the need for additional tools to disinfect discharge water from well boats, and to prevent distribution of salmon lice, the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on the planktonic stages of the salmon louse, nauplii and copepodids, as well as marine heterotrophic bacteria, and the marine green microalgae Tetraselmis suecica, has been investigated. Survival and morphology were registered after different exposure times. Efficacy of the ultrasonic cavitation treatments varied with exposure time. A reduction in survival was registered even for the shortest exposure time (5 seconds) for both naupliar and copepodid stages of the salmon louse (36.7 ± 11.5 and 67.20 ± 7.2% survival respectively). Survival reached zero after exposure times of 20 and 60 seconds for the nauplii and copepodid stages, respectively. A reduction in 70% was observed for bacteria at all exposure times (5 to 300 s), while a reduction of 95% was observed after 300 s for algal cells. The logged energy transfer to the samples was on average 17.5 J/s. In conclusion, cavitation treatment is destructive for the planktonic stages of salmon lice, and may contribute to reduce discharge of pathogens and parasites from well boats when adapted for this purpose and combined with existing water disinfection methods.
Study and Comparison of the Common-Mode Motor Voltage in Different Kinds of PWM Control Methods (2005)

This paper investigates the mechanism and form of the common-mode voltage,shaft voltage and bearing current in different kinds of PWM control methods,and sets up a common-mode equivalent circuit for PWM inverter drive system.Consequently,the formula of the shaft voltage is obtained.In order to study the effect to common-mode voltage with different kinds of PWM control methods, we simulate the common-mode voltage model.The simulated waves of common-mode voltage with three kinds of PWM control methods are compared,and it is found that the lowest common-mode voltage is with the SPWM control method.The result provides some warrant for reducing the shaft voltage and bearing current when chosing PWM control methods.
Trehalose-Based Block Copolycations Promote Polyplex Stabilization for Lyophilization and in Vivo pDNA Delivery (2015)

The development and thorough characterization of nonviral delivery agents for nucleic acid and genome editing therapies are of high interest to the field of nanomedicine. Indeed, this vehicle class offers the ability to tune chemical architecture/biological activity and readily package nucleic acids of various sizes and morphologies for a variety of applications. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of a class of trehalose-based block copolycations designed to stabilize polyplex formulations for lyophilization and in vivo administration. A 6-methacrylamido-6-deoxy trehalose (MAT) monomer was synthesized from trehalose and polymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to yield pMAT<sub>43</sub>. The pMAT<sub>43</sub> macro-chain transfer agent was then chain-extended with aminoethylmethacrylamide (AEMA) to yield three different pMAT-<i>b</i>-AEMA cationic-block copolymers, pMAT-<i>b</i>-AEMA-1 (21 AEMA repeats), -2 (44 AEMA repeats), and -3 (57 AEMA repeats). These polymers along with a series of controls were used to form polyplexes with plasmids encoding firefly luciferase behind a strong ubiquitous promoter. The trehalose-coated polyplexes were characterized in detail and found to be resistant to colloidal aggregation in culture media containing salt and serum. The trehalose-polyplexes also retained colloidal stability and promoted high gene expression following lyophilization and reconstitution. Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and transfection ability were assessed in vitro using both human glioblastoma (U87) and human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines wherein pMAT-<i>b</i>-AEMA-2 was found to have the optimal combination of high gene expression and low toxicity. pMAT-<i>b</i>-AEMA-2 polyplexes were evaluated in mice via slow tail vein infusion. The vehicle displayed minimal toxicity and discouraged nonspecific internalization in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence imaging experiments. Hydrodynamic infusion of the polyplexes, however, led to very specific localization of the polyplexes to the mouse liver and promoted excellent gene expression in vivo.
Interception of LPI radar signals (1990)

The interception problem is reviewed, an LPI radar design is examined and the performance of intercept receivers of the future is considered. The receiver needed to intercept LPI signals must respond across a broad band and provide noncoherent integration capabilities over times comparable to the coherent (or noncoherent) integration times used by radars. One useful receiver design is the rapidly swept superheterodyne receiver (RSSR). The band must be swept in a time which is short compared to the time the radar signal dwells at one frequency. The IF bandwidth of the RSSR must be wide enough to accommodate the pulse compression phase/frequency modulation used by the radar. >
Quantification of plasma factor XIIa-Cl(-)-inhibitor and kallikrein-Cl(- )-inhibitor complexes in sepsis (1988)

Considerable evidence indicates that activation of the contact system of intrinsic coagulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. To monitor contact activation in patients with sepsis, we developed highly sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for factor XIIa-Cl(- )-inhibitor (Cl(-)-Inh) and kallikrein-Cl(-)-Inh complexes using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb Kok 12) that binds to a neodeterminant exposed on both complexed and cleaved Cl(-)-Inh. Plasma samples were serially collected from 48 patients admitted to the intensive care unit because of severe sepsis. Forty percent of patients on at least one occasion had increased levels of plasma factor XIIa-Cl(-)-Inh (greater than 5 x 10(-4) U/mL) and kallikrein-Cl(-)-Inh (greater than 25 x 10(- 4) U/mL), that correlated at a molar ratio of approximately 1:3. Levels of factor XII antigen in plasma and both the highest as well as the levels on admission of plasma factor XIIa-Cl(-)-Inh in 23 patients with septic shock were lower than in 25 normotensive patients (P = .015: factor XII on admission; P = .04: highest factor XIIa-Cl(-)-Inh; P = .01: factor XIIa-Cl(-)-Inh on admission). No significant differences in plasma kallikrein-Cl(-)-Inh or prekallikrein antigen were found between these patients' groups. Elevated Cl(-)-Inh complex levels were measured less frequently in serial samples from patients with septic shock than in those from patients without shock (P less than .0001). Based on these results, we conclude that plasma Cl(-)-Inh complex levels during sepsis may not properly reflect the extent of contact activation.
Vehicle acceleration estimation using smartphone-based sensors : transportation engineering (2015)

In vehicle monitoring it is imperative to distinguish between accelerating, decelerating and lateral acceleration, since this data can be used to identify and classify driving manoeuvres and events effectively. Accurate coordinate acceleration data is therefore the main concern of this project.
Multidrug resistance protein 4 mediates cAMP efflux from rat preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (2009)

1. Previous studies have shown that stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMC) increases extracellular cAMP; however, the mechanism by which PGVSMC transport intracellular cAMP into the extracellular milieu is unknown. 2. We hypothesize that multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 4 is the primary transporter mediating efflux of intracellular cAMP from PGVSMC. 3. Both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction detected MRP4 mRNA in PGVSMC in culture. Moreover, western blotting using an antibody specific for MRP4 gave rise to a 150 kDa signal, consistent with the presence of MRP4 protein in PGVSMC. 4. Specifically designed short interference (si) RNA reduced MRP4 mRNA expression by 71% (P = 0.0075) and MRP4 protein by 80% (P = 0.0004). 5. Isoproterenol (1 micromol/L) increased intracellular cAMP, which resulted in efflux of cAMP into the medium. The siRNA knockdown of MRP4 significantly reduced basal extracellular cAMP and nearly abolished isoproterenol-induced increases in extracellular cAMP (P = 0.0143, interaction between isoproterenol and MRP4 siRNA in two-factor analysis of variance). In isoproterenol-treated cells, MRP4 siRNA decreased the ratio of extracellular cAMP to intracellular cAMP by 72% (P = 0.0019). 6. We conclude that MRP4 is the dominant cAMP transporter in PGVSMC.
Lignin as Renewable Raw Material (2010)

Lignin is by far the most abundant substance based on aromatic moieties in nature, and the largest contributor to soil organic matter. Millions of tonnes of several lignin preparations are produced by the paper industry every year, and a minimal amount of lignin is isolated by direct extraction of lignin from plants. Lignin is used either directly or chemically modified, as a binder, dispersant agent for pesticides, emulsifier, heavy metal sequestrant, or component for composites and copolymers. For value-added applications of lignin to be improved, medium- and long-term conversion technologies must be developed, especially for the preparation of low-molecular-weight compounds as an alternative to the petrochemical industry.
Physiologically Motivated Methods For Audio Pattern Classification (2006)

Human-like performance by machines in tasks of speech and audio processing has remained an elusive goal. In an attempt to bridge the gap in performance between humans and machines there has been an increased effort to study and model physiological processes. However, the widespread use of biologically inspired features proposed in the past has been hampered mainly by either the lack of robustness across a range of signal-to-noise ratios or the formidable computational costs. In physiological systems, sensor processing occurs in several stages. It is likely the case that signal features and biological processing techniques evolved together and are complementary or well matched. It is precisely for this reason that modeling the feature extraction processes should go hand in hand with modeling of the processes that use these features. This research presents a front-end feature extraction method for audio signals inspired by the human peripheral auditory system. New developments in the field of machine learning are leveraged to build classifiers to maximize the performance gains afforded by these features. The structure of the classification system is similar to what might be expected in physiological processing. Further, the feature extraction and classification algorithms can be efficiently implemented using the low-power cooperative analog-digital signal processing platform. The usefulness of the features is demonstrated for tasks of audio classification, speech versus non-speech discrimination, and speech recognition. The low-power nature of the classification system makes it ideal for use in applications such as hearing aids, hand-held devices, and surveillance through acoustic scene monitoring
Application of software reliability modelling to product quality and test process (1990)

Software reliability modeling of data collected during the testing of a large-scale industrial system (System T) was used to measure software quality from the customer perspective. Specifically, software quality was measured in terms of the system operation. The testing phase analyzed, stability test, was an operational profile-driven test in that a controlled load was imposed on the system reflective of the system's busy-hour usage pattern. The usage profile was determined from requirements specifying both the frequency of invocation of each command and the alarm arrival rate for the largest expected user site. For this controlled test environment, a Poisson-type reliability growth model, the exponential nonhomogeneous Poisson process model, exhibited a good fit to the observed failure data. Furthermore, the model demonstrated predictive power for future failure rates. The use of an operational profile to drive system test is an effective test strategy and that the operational profile must be taken into account when predicting field reliability from reliability measured during test. >
Grafting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes from Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Phosphonic Acid Based Initiator by Ambient Temperature Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATATRP) (2008)

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) in the brush form is grown from the surface of magnetite nanoparticles by ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization (ATATRP) using a phosphonic acid based initiator. The surface initiator was prepared by the reaction of ethylene glycol with 2-bromoisobutyrl bromide, followed by the reaction with phosphorus oxychloride and hydrolysis. This initiator is anchored to magnetite nanoparticles via physisorption. The ATATRP of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA complex, without a sacrificial initiator, and the grafting density is found to be as high as 0.90 molecules/nm 2 . The organic–inorganic hybrid material thus prepared shows exceptional stability in organic solvents unlike unfunctionalized magnetite nanoparticles which tend to flocculate. The polymer brushes of various number average molecular weights were prepared and the molecular weight was determined using size exclusion chromatography, after degrafting the polymer from the magnetite core. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectra and diffused reflection FT-IR were used to confirm the grafting reaction.
Clinical Presentation and Management of 100 Infants with Occipital Plagiocephaly (1996)

One hundred consecutive infants who presented with occipital plagiocephaly over 15 years were analyzed retrospectively to determine results of both surgical and nonsurgical management. Eighteen infants who showed obvious progression of their deformity or radiological signs of fusion of the lambdoid suture had surgical resection of one or both lambdoid sutures and the remaining 82 infants were treated nonsurgically with physical therapy and advice on sleeping position. Of the 18 surgical cases 9 were found at operation to have true lambdoid synostosis, 7 had marked internal ridging of the lambdoid suture and 2 had an open suture. After a mean follow-up period of 6 months all parents of the 82 children treated nonsurgically were satisfied with their child's cosmetic appearance: 63% showed improvement in their plagiocephaly and 27% stabilized. There were no surgical complications in the 18 operative cases, all of whom had a good cosmetic result. From these results we conclude that the majority of infants referred to neurosurgeons with occipital plagiocephaly can be successfully managed nonsurgically. A small proportion of cases (18% with radiological signs of fusion or pronounced ridging of the suture) appeared to benefit from surgery. The clinical, radiological and pathological differentiating features of the surgical and nonsurgical cases are discussed.
Structural definition of the C5a C terminus by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1997)

The serum glycoprotein C5a, which is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of complement protein C5, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory and allergic conditions. Because C5a induces an inflammatory response upon binding to a specific receptor, structural and mutagenesis studies were carried out to gain a better understanding of this binding interaction. These studies led to the first structural definition of the C terminus of recombinant human (rh)-C5a, determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our results show that the C terminus adopts an alpha-helical conformation spanning residues 69 to 74, while the core domain exists as an antiparallel alpha-helical bundle. This C-terminal helix is connected to the core by a short loop that orients Arg 74 adjacent to Arg 62. Point mutation analysis had already revealed that residues 62 and 74 significantly contribute to agonist activity and receptor binding. Correlation of the C5a tertiary structure with mutational analyses clarifies the significance of the functional and binding properties of Arg 62 and suggests that both Arg 62 and Arg 74 interact at the same binding site on the receptor.
Cycloadducts of nitrosobenzene with cyclic dienones and dienols (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloadducts of nitrosobenzene with cyclic dienones and dienolsHarold Hart, Sambharamadom K. Ramaswami, and Rodney WillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1, 1–7Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01315a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01315a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts