gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified rough set based aggregation for effective evaluation of web search systems (2009)

Rank aggregation is the problem of generating a single consensus ranking for a given set of rankings. Rough set based Rank aggregation is a user feedback based technique for rank aggregation, which learns ranking rules using rough set theory. In this paper, we discuss an improved version of the rough set based rank aggregation technique, which is more suitable for aggregation of different Web search evaluation techniques. For learning the ranking rules, we obtain the implicit user feedback to the search results returned by a search engine in response to a set of fifteen queries and mine the ranking rules using rough set theory. In the modified rough set based rank aggregation technique, we incorporate the confidence of the rules in predicting a class for a given set of data. That means, we do not say surely that the record belongs to a particular class according to a particular rule. Instead, we associate a score variable to the predicted class of the record, where the value of the variable is equal to the confidence measure of the rule. We validate the mined ranking rules by comparing the predicted user feedback based ranking with the actual user feedback based ranking. We apply the ranking rules to another set of thirty seven queries for aggregating different rankings of search results obtained on the basis of different evaluation techniques. We show our experimental results pertaining to seven public search engines.
Preconditioning by Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Improves Therapeutic Efficacy of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2011)

The rationale of this article is enhancing the therapeutic potential of stem cells in ischemic microenvironments by novel preconditioning strategies is critical for improving cellular therapy. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) with sildenafil (Viagra) or knockdown with a silencing vector in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) would improve their survival and enhance cardiac function following myocardial implantation in vivo. ASCs were treated with sildenafil or PDE-5 silencing vector short hairpin RNA (shRNA(PDE-5)) and subjected to simulated ischemia/reoxygenation in vitro. Both sildenafil and shRNA(PDE-5) significantly improved viability, decreased necrosis, apoptosis, and enhanced the release of growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and insulin-like growth factor. Inhibition of protein kinase G reversed these effects. To show the beneficial effect of preconditioned ASCs in vivo, adult male CD-1 mice underwent myocardial infarction. Preconditioned ASCs (4 × 10(5)) were directly injected intramyocardially. Preconditioned ASC-treated hearts showed consistently superior cardiac function when compared with nonpreconditioned ASCs after 4 weeks of treatment. This was associated with significantly reduced fibrosis, increased vascular density, and decreased resident myocyte apoptosis when compared with mice receiving nonpreconditioned ASCs. VEGF, b-FGF, and Angiopoietin-1 were also significantly elevated 4 weeks after cell therapy with preconditioned ASCs. We conclude that preconditioning by inhibition of PDE-5 can be a powerful novel approach to improve stem cell therapy following myocardial infarction.
Monolithic process for co-integration of GaAs MESFET and silicon CMOS devices and circuits (1990)

A monolithic process to cointegrate Si CMOS and GaAs MESFET devices and circuits on a silicon chip through epitaxial growth of a GaAs layer on a prefabricated Si wafer is described. By embedding the GaAs layer in Si recesses in selected regions of a Si wafer, the cointegration has been realized in a coplanar structure appropriate for IC processing. On a monolithically integrated wafer, a 2- mu m gate length Si CMOS ring oscillator showed a minimum delay of 570 ps/gate, and a 1- mu m gate GaAs MESFET BFL ring oscillator had a minimum delay of 68 ps/gate. These results indicate that the individual device speed is not degraded by monolithic integration. Some changes in threshold voltage, however, were observed for Si CMOS devices after the GaAs device fabrication. A composite ring oscillator consisting of a string of Si CMOS inverters and a string of GaAs MESFET inverters connected in a ring has been successfully fabricated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of prior stress on LPS-induced cytokine and sickness responses (2003)

It has recently been reported that exposure to inescapable tailshock (IS) enhances the release of proinflammatory cytokines following bacterial challenge. However, it is not known whether the level of potentiation of proinflammatory cytokines is sufficient to exaggerate any of the physiological processes that are regulated by these cytokines. Thus, LPS was administered and fever, activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses, and proinflammatory cytokine release were assessed during both the light and dark phases of the light cycle following IS. Exposure to IS resulted in elevated basal core body temperature during the light phase but not the dark phase and decreased activity during the dark phase but not the light phase. IS animals had significantly greater fever, corticosterone, and ACTH responses following LPS during both the light and dark phases, whereas enhanced proinflammatory cytokine responses were only observed during the light phase. These data suggest that enhanced proinflammatory cytokine responses are not necessary to observe enhanced HPA or fever responses.
Canadian Water Management: A One Armed Giant (1984)

Abstract The need for increased emphasis on water demand management in Canada is outlined in the paper, as a complementary strategy to the traditional water supply management approaches. The general water supply management approaches tend to unvalue or undervalue water resources. Thus, water is seen as a limitless resource and water systems are wasteful rather than economically efficient. The principal resource allocation means in Western economies, the price system, is then examined to assess its usefulness in the water resource field. Examples are provided of areas in which demand-based approaches would be useful adjuncts to current approaches. Finally, it is also argued that demand management is a pro-development strategy, in contrast to some perceptions that incorporation of demand management strategies would inhibit development. Cet article parle de l'importance de mieux gérer la consommation d'eau au Canada; il s'agit d'une approche complémentaire à l'attitude traditionnelle vis-à-vis des réserves d'eau. La tendance générale est en effet de dévaluer ou de sous-estimer l'eau en tant que ressource naturelle. Les gens considèrent que nos réserves sont inépuisables avec le résultat que les réseaux d'aqueduc fonctionnent à perte. On examine ensuite diverses tarifications appliquées à des biens et services dans les pays occidentaux et on extrapole sur leur utilité dans la distribution de l'eau. On fournit ensuite des exemples de domaines dans lesquels un système fondé sur l'offre et la demande serait profitable. Enfin, on présente l'utilisation rationnelle de l'eau comme un outil de développement, même si certains pensent le contraire.
The Types of Hemoglobins and Globin Chains in Hydrops Fetalis (1989)

Details are presented of analyses of hemoglobins in blood samples from four newborn babies with hydrops fetalis using reversed phase and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatographic methodology. Three were homozygous for the alpha-thalassemia-1 (SEA) deletion, and one was a compound heterozygote for the same deletion and the larger alpha-thalassemia-1 (Fil) deletion. All four babies had beta, G gamma, A gamma, and zeta chains; these chains were present in Hb Bart's or gamma 4, Hb Portland-I (zeta 2 gamma 2), and Hb Portland-II (zeta 2 beta 2). Hb H (beta 4) could not be detected. The level of zeta was directly related to the level of beta and, thus, the fetal age. A lower level of zeta chain was present in the baby with the compound heterozygosity because the large deletion (Fil) on one chromosome included the zeta and psi zeta genes. Circulating red cells, i.e. reticulocytes and nucleated red cells, were unable to synthesize zeta chains, indicating that this capability must have ceased a few months prior to birth. Quantitative data obtained by chromatographic procedures were greatly influenced by the condition of the blood sample and the way it was stored. Hb Portland-II (zeta 2 beta 2) and Hb Bart's (gamma 4) are rather unstable when a red cell lysate is stored at 4 degrees C; this is in contrast to Hb Portland-I (zeta 2 gamma 2) which appears to be stable. Samples can be stored as washed red cells or red cell lysates at -70 degrees C.
Shock-Induced Transformation of Liquid Deuterium into a Metallic Fluid (2000)

Simultaneous measurements of shock velocity and optical reflectance at 1064, 808, and 404 nm of a high pressure shock front propagating through liquid deuterium show a continuous increase in reflectance from below $10%$ and saturating at $\ensuremath{\sim}(40--60)%$ in the range of shock velocities from 12 to $20\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{ns}$ (pressure range 17--50 GPa). The high optical reflectance is evidence that the shocked deuterium reaches a conducting state characteristic of a metallic fluid. Above $20\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{ns}$ shock velocity (50 GPa pressure) reflectance is constant indicating that the transformation is substantially complete.
Detection of Giardia lamblia,Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, andCryptosporidium parvum Antigens in Human Fecal Specimens Using the Triage Parasite Panel Enzyme Immunoassay (2000)

The Triage parasite panel (BIOSITE Diagnostics, San Diego, Calif.) is a new qualitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) panel for the detection of Giardia lamblia , Entamoeba histolytica / E. dispar , and Cryptosporidium parvum in fresh or fresh, frozen, unfixed human fecal specimens. By using specific antibodies, antigens specific for these organisms are captured and immobilized on a membrane. Panel performance was evaluated with known positive and negative stool specimens (a total of 444 specimens) that were tested by the standard ova and parasite (O&P) examination as the “gold standard,” including staining with both trichrome and modified acid-fast stains. Specimens with discrepant results between the reference and Triage methods were retested by a different method, either EIA or immunofluorescence. A number of samples with discrepant results with the Triage device were confirmed to be true positives. After resolution of discrepant results, the number of positive specimens and the sensitivity and specificity results were as follows: for G. lamblia , 170, 95.9%, and 97.4%, respectively; for E. histolytica / E. dispar , 99, 96.0%, and 99.1%, respectively; and for C. parvum , 60, 98.3%, and 99.7%, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with other parasites found in stool specimens, including eight different protozoa (128 challenges) and three different helminths (83 challenges). The ability to perform the complete O&P examination should remain an option for those patients with negative parasite panel results but who are still symptomatic.
Data Retention Characteristics of MONOS Devices with High-k Dielectrics and High-work Function Metal-gates for Multi-gigabit Flash Memory (2005)

2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Data Retention Characteristics of MONOS Devices with High-k Dielectrics and High-work Function Metal-gates for Multi-gigabit Flash Memory
T1R3 and gustducin in gut sense sugars to regulate expression of Na <sup>+</sup> -glucose cotransporter 1 (2007)

Dietary sugars are transported from the intestinal lumen into absorptive enterocytes by the sodium-dependent glucose transporter isoform 1 (SGLT1). Regulation of this protein is important for the provision of glucose to the body and avoidance of intestinal malabsorption. Although expression of SGLT1 is regulated by luminal monosaccharides, the luminal glucose sensor mediating this process was unknown. Here, we show that the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 and the taste G protein gustducin, expressed in enteroendocrine cells, underlie intestinal sugar sensing and regulation of SGLT1 mRNA and protein. Dietary sugar and artificial sweeteners increased SGLT1 mRNA and protein expression, and glucose absorptive capacity in wild-type mice, but not in knockout mice lacking T1R3 or alpha-gustducin. Artificial sweeteners, acting on sweet taste receptors expressed on enteroendocrine GLUTag cells, stimulated secretion of gut hormones implicated in SGLT1 up-regulation. Gut-expressed taste signaling elements involved in regulating SGLT1 expression could provide novel therapeutic targets for modulating the gut's capacity to absorb sugars, with implications for the prevention and/or treatment of malabsorption syndromes and diet-related disorders including diabetes and obesity.
Exploring a service-based normal behaviour profiling system for botnet detection (2017)

Effective detection of botnet traffic becomes difficult as the attackers use encrypted payload and dynamically changing port numbers (protocols) to bypass signature based detection and deep packet inspection. In this paper, we build a normal profiling-based botnet detection system using three unsupervised learning algorithms on service-based flow-based data, including self-organizing map, local outlier, and k-NN outlier factors. Evaluations on publicly available botnet data sets show that the proposed system could reach up to 91% detection rate with a false alarm rate of 5%.
Loyal Deviance: Testing the Normative Conflict Model of Dissent in Social Groups (2009)

The normative conflict model predicts that expressions of dissent within groups can be motivated by the collective interest and that strongly identified members may dissent from group norms if and when they are perceived to be harmful to the collective. We present convergent evidence from four studies in support of the model. Study 1 investigated retrospective reports of disagreements and found that strongly identified members reported collectively oriented motives for expressing disagreement within their groups. Studies 2a and 2b provided experimental tests of the prediction that strongly identified group members are willing to dissent when they reflect on how a norm could harm their group but not when they reflect on negative individualistic consequences of the same norm. Finally, Study 3 replicated these effects using a correlational design that measured actual opinion expression in an ostensible online chat room.
Quantization of particle transport (1983)

The integrated particle current produced by a slow periodic variation of the potential of a Schr\"odinger equation is evaluated. It is shown that in a finite torus the integral of the current over a period can vary continuously, but in an infinite periodic system with full bands it must have an integer value. This quantization of particle transport is used to classify the energy gaps in a one-dimensional system with competing or incommensurate periods. It is also used to rederive Prange's results for the fractional charge of a soliton.
Advanced Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Using Behavior Modeling (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a systematic method applicable at the early stages of design to enhance life-cycle quality of ownership: Advanced Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (AFMEA). The proposed method uses behavior modeling to simulate device operations and helps identify failure and customer dissatisfaction modes beyond component failures. The behavior model reasons about conditions that cause departures from normal operation and provides a framework for analyzing the consequences of failures. The paper shows how Advanced FMEA applies readily to the early stages of design and captures failure modes normally missed by conventional FMEA. The result is a systematic method capable of capturing a wider range of failure modes and effects early in the design cycle. An automatic ice maker from a domestic refrigerator serves as an illustrative example.
THE DESIGN OF ELECTROMAGNETIC GEOPHONES* (1953)

A bstract This paper summarizes and extends the published information on the theoretical design of electromagnetic geophones. Both moving‐coil and moving‐armature instruments are considered, their behaviour compared and various design criteria established.
Evidence of positive selection at codon sites localized in extracellular domains of mammalian CC motif chemokine receptor proteins (2010)

These results suggest that amino acid residues present in intracellular and membrane-bound domains are more selectively constrained for functional signal transduction and homo- or heterodimerization, whereas amino acid residues in extracellular domains of these receptor proteins evolve more quickly, perhaps due to heightened selective pressure resulting from ligand-binding and pathogen interactions of extracellular domains.
Study on the correlation between Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni-YSZ anode performance and reduction temperature (2016)

The influences of reduction temperature on the initial performance and shorttime durability of nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia composite solid oxide fuel cell anode were investigated. Anode microstructures before and after operation were quantitatively analyzed by three-dimensional reconstruction based on focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy technique. The anode reduced at 500 oC showed the worst initial performance and stability in operation and the anode reduced at 800 oC showed the smallest polarization resistance. The anode reduced at 1000 oC showed the most stable performance with polarization resistance enhanced with operation. It is found that higher reduction temperature leads to dense nickel and enhances nickel-yttria-stabilized-zirconia interfacial bonding, which can inhibit nickel sintering and improve the composite anode stability in long-time operation.
Specific expression of human endothelin‐2 (ET‐2) gene in a renal adenocarcinoma cell line (1990)

Analysis of culture medium of human renal adenocarcinoma cells ACHN by RP-HPLC suggested that the cells specifically secreted human endothelin-2 (ET-2). cDNAs encoding human ET-2 precursor were cloned from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA derived from the ACHN cells, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined. The ET-2 cDNA was revealed to contain 1.3 kb and encode prepro-ET-2 protein consisting of 178 amino acid residues. The ET-like sequences found in the prepro-ET-1 and -ET-3 was conserved in this prepro-ET-2. The Northern blot analysis of mRNA suggested that the transcript of ET-2 gene was 1.4 kb. This is the first direct evidence that human ET-2 gene was expressed specifically in tumor cells.
An Event-Driven Multi-Kernel Convolution Processor Module for Event-Driven Vision Sensors (2011)

Event-Driven vision sensing is a new way of sensing visual reality in a frame-free manner. This is, the vision sensor (camera) is not capturing a sequence of still frames, as in conventional video and computer vision systems. In Event-Driven sensors each pixel autonomously and asynchronously decides when to send its address out. This way, the sensor output is a continuous stream of address events representing reality dynamically continuously and without constraining to frames. In this paper we present an Event-Driven Convolution Module for computing 2D convolutions on such event streams. The Convolution Module has been designed to assemble many of them for building modular and hierarchical Convolutional Neural Networks for robust shape and pose invariant object recognition. The Convolution Module has multi-kernel capability. This is, it will select the convolution kernel depending on the origin of the event. A proof-of-concept test prototype has been fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and extensive experimental results are provided. The Convolution Processor has also been combined with an Event-Driven Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) for high-speed recognition examples. The chip can discriminate propellers rotating at 2 k revolutions per second, detect symbols on a 52 card deck when browsing all cards in 410 ms, or detect and follow the center of a phosphor oscilloscope trace rotating at 5 KHz.
Cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

Compared with RF ablation, cryoablation present a comparable long-term AF/atrial tachycardial-free survival and procedure-related adverse events. Meanwhile, cryoablation markedly shorten the procedure time, nonetheless, with negligible impact on the fluoroscopy time.
SiO<sub>2</sub>- and CuO-enhanced growth of Ge–Si<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>and GeO<sub>2</sub>–Si<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>core–shell nanowires on a Si substrate via carbothermal reduction (2006)

The effects of a SiO2 layer grown on a Si substrate and the CuO additive in GeO2 powders for the enhanced growth of Ge–Si1−xGexOy and GeO2–Si1−xGexOy core–shell nanowires (hereafter referred to as Ge–Si1−xGexOy and GeO2–Si1−xGexOy nanowires, respectively) via carbothermal reduction at 1050–1100 °C in flowing Ar were studied. Using GeO2 powders as the feedstock alone, nanowires having a composition of Ge–Si1−xGexOy were grown on a SiO2/Si substrate, whereas the same nanowires could not be grown on a Si substrate. Adding CuO into GeO2 powders enhanced the growth of GeO2–Si1−xGexOy and Ge–Si1−xGexOy nanowires on the Si substrate as well as that of GeO2–Si1−xGexOy nanowires on the SiO2/Si substrate. The crystal growth mechanism seems to follow the vapour–solid process. The present study reveals that the oxidation of the Si substrate plays an important role in enhancing the growth of Ge–Si1−xGexOy and GeO2–Si1−xGexOy nanowires via carbothermal reduction of GeO2 powders. The mechanisms for the precipitation of the Ge or GeO2 core inside the Si1−xGexOy shell on Si and SiO2/Si substrates are discussed, respectively.
The Role of the Bovine Growth Hormone Receptor and Prolactin Receptor Genes in Milk, Fat and Protein Production in Finnish Ayrshire Dairy Cattle (2006)

We herein report new evidence that the QTL effect on chromosome 20 in Finnish Ayrshire can be explained by variation in two distinct genes, growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR). In a previous study in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle an F279Y polymorphism in the transmembrane domain of GHR was found to be associated with an effect on milk yield and composition. The result of our multimarker regression analysis suggests that in Finnish Ayrshire two QTL segregate on the chromosomal region including GHR and PRLR. By sequencing the coding sequences of GHR and PRLR and the sequence of three GHR promoters from the pooled samples of individuals of known QTL genotype, we identified two substitutions that were associated with milk production traits: the previously reported F-to-Y substitution in the transmembrane domain of GHR and an S-to-N substitution in the signal peptide of PRLR. The results provide strong evidence that the effect of PRLR S18N polymorphism is distinct from the GHR F279Y effect. In particular, the GHR F279Y has the highest influence on protein percentage and fat percentage while PRLR S18N markedly influences protein and fat yield. Furthermore, an interaction between the two loci is suggested.