gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giving voice to Dutch moroccan girls on the internet (2006)

The article is about the discussion board of a Moroccan website, which has become a big success, judging by the thousands of messages that are posted daily. The majority of the visitors are young Dutch Moroccan girls who have discovered the endless possibilities of this new medium. In this anonymous context, girls raise all kinds of sensitive issues such as relationships, marriage, or religion which they would dare not discuss in public. These discussion boards challenge the traditional, passive image of women, offering them an opportunity for greater self-expression. These websites give them a voice. This voice places the emphasis on agency, acknowledging the speakers’ opportunity to express their messages. Dutch Moroccan girls are more restricted in their freedom of movement than boys, and thus, the Internet widens their horizons.
Influence of Surface Roughness on Durability of Co-Cr Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Medium (1989)

Durability of a Co-Cr perpendicular magnetic recording medium was studied with regard to its macroscopic and microscopic surface profiles. Macroscopic deformation of the medium caused by head sliding was investigated with a newly developed measurement system which uses laser light. Also, the microscopic topography of the medium was estimated by spectral analysis of surface profile data. The findings were utilized in observations of head sliding. The medium starts to wear at the sites of protuberances, and the worn portions scratch the medium surface severely. It has been found that the length of durability until the onset of medium deformation is entirely dependent on the initial profile. When the microscopic surface roughness of the medium is so uniform that extraordinary protuberances cannot be observed, the macroscopic medium profile never changes during observations extending for 72,000 head passes, suggesting greater medium durability.
Distinctive Binding of Avibactam to Penicillin-Binding Proteins of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria (2015)

Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that covalently acylates a variety of β-lactamases, causing inhibition. Although avibactam presents limited antibacterial activity, its acylation ability toward bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus was of particular interest due to the reported β-lactamase activity of PBP4. The binding of avibactam to PBPs was measured by adding increasing concentrations to membrane preparations of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria prior to addition of the fluorescent reagent Bocillin FL. Relative binding (measured here as the 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) to PBPs was estimated by quantification of fluorescence after gel electrophoresis. Avibactam was found to selectively bind to some PBPs. In Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and S. aureus, avibactam primarily bound to PBP2, with IC50s of 0.92, 1.1, 3.0, and 51 μg/ml, respectively, whereas binding to PBP3 was observed in Streptococcus pneumoniae (IC50, 8.1 μg/ml). Interestingly, avibactam was able to significantly enhance labeling of S. aureus PBP4 by Bocillin FL. In PBP competition assays with S. aureus, where avibactam was used at a fixed concentration in combination with varied amounts of ceftazidime, the apparent IC50 of ceftazidime was found to be very similar to that determined for ceftazidime when used alone. In conclusion, avibactam is able to covalently bind to some bacterial PBPs. Identification of those PBP targets may allow the development of new diazabicyclooctane derivatives with improved affinity for PBPs or new combination therapies that act on multiple PBP targets.
Two-Dimensional Superconducting Phase in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>LaTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>SrTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Heterostructures Induced by High-Mobility Carrier Doping (2012)

In this Letter, we show that a superconducting two-dimensional electron gas is formed at the LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interface whose transition temperature can be modulated by a back-gate voltage. The gas consists of two types of carriers: a majority of low-mobility carriers always present, and a few high-mobility ones that can be injected by electrostatic doping. The calculation of the electron spatial distribution in the confinement potential shows that the high-mobility electrons responsible for superconductivity set at the edge of the gas whose extension can be tuned by the field effect.
Computational Fluid Dynamics‐Analysis of the Niagara Hemodialysis Catheter in a Right Heart Model (2004)

Central venous catheters are widely used as a hemoaccess method for dialysis therapy. In this study, the performance parameters (velocities, pressure drop, shear rates, access recirculation) of the Niagara catheter are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. Side holes are left open, closed, or reduced in size to assess the influence of this design feature. Initially the catheter is inserted in a tube which represents the vena cava. In the "arterial" luminal tip, wall shear rates over 20,000 s(-1) are common and peaks attain 55,000 s(-1) at a 300 mL/min blood flow rate. The presence of side holes appears to affect the location but not the level of these elevated shear rates. Halving their diameter causes elevated shear rates to appear in a more extended region with peaks up to 80,000 s(-1). Simulated recirculation percentage is nil in normal catheter use, but attains 30% with reversed catheter connections. The results of the tube model are compared to those of an anatomically realistic right atrium model, which was three-dimensionally reconstructed. It is concluded that most catheter's specific hemodynamic properties can be deduced from the tube model.
Breakthrough pain in malignant and non‐malignant diseases: a review of prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms (2004)

Breakthrough pain or transient worsening of pain in patients with an ongoing steady pain is a well known feature in cancer pain patients, but it is also seen in non-malignant pain conditions with involvement of nerves, muscles, bones or viscera. Continuous and intermittent pain seems to be a general feature of these different pain conditions, and this raises the possibility of one or several common mechanisms underlying breakthrough pain in malignant and non-malignant disorders. Although the mechanisms of spontaneous ongoing pain and intermittent flares of pain (BTP) may be difficult to separate, we suggest that peripheral and/or central sensitization (hyperexcitability) may play a major role in many causes of BTP. Mechanical stimuli (e.g. micro-fractures) changes in chemical environments and release of tumour growth factors may initiate sensitization both peripherally and centrally. It is suggested that sensitization could be the common denominator of BTP in malignant and non-malignant pain.
Monoclonal antibody (anti‐leu 7) directed against natural killer cells reacts with normal, benign and malignant prostate tissues (1985)

The reactivity of monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-leu 7 (HNK-1) on formalin-fixed sections of prostate tissues was determined by an immunoperoxidase assay. Anti-Leu 7 was found to react with both primary and metastatic tissues from 6/6 normal prostate, 15/15 benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 37/39 prostate carcinoma samples. Anti-Leu-7 reactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of the supranuclear region of prostatic epithelial cells and the fibromuscular stroma did not stain. Myelinated nerve fibers in the stroma were stained with anti-Leu 7 and this served as an internal control. Anti-Leu 7 did not bind to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in direct or competitive binding radioimmunoassays. Anti-Leu 7 was more effective (5/5) in the identification of metastatic tumors of prostate origin than an MAb to PSA (2/5). The differential pattern of reactivity of anti-Leu 7 compared to anti-PSA on serial sections of prostate tissues suggests that Leu 7 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker of prostate cancer.
Effect of inter-crystal scatter on estimation methods for random coincidences and subsequent correction (2008)

Random coincidences can contribute substantially to the background in positron emission tomography (PET). Several estimation methods are being used for correcting them. The goal of this study was to investigate the validity of techniques for random coincidence estimation, with various low-energy thresholds (LETs). Simulated singles list-mode data of the MADPET-II small animal PET scanner were used as input. The simulations have been performed using the GATE simulation toolkit. Several sources with different geometries have been employed. We evaluated the number of random events using three methods: delayed window (DW), singles rate (SR) and time histogram fitting (TH). Since the GATE simulations allow random and true coincidences to be distinguished, a comparison between the number of random coincidences estimated using the standard methods and the number obtained using GATE was performed. An overestimation in the number of random events was observed using the DW and SR methods. This overestimation decreases for LETs higher than 255 keV. It is additionally reduced when the single events which have undergone a Compton interaction in crystals before being detected are removed from the data. These two observations lead us to infer that the overestimation is due to inter-crystal scatter. The effect of this mismatch in the reconstructed images is important for quantification because it leads to an underestimation of activity. This was shown using a hot-cold-background source with 3.7 MBq total activity in the background region and a 1.59 MBq total activity in the hot region. For both 200 keV and 400 keV LET, an overestimation of random coincidences for the DW and SR methods was observed, resulting in approximately 1.5% or more (at 200 keV LET: 1.7% for DW and 7% for SR) and less than 1% (at 400 keV LET: both methods) underestimation of activity within the background region. In almost all cases, images obtained by compensating for random events in the reconstruction algorithm were better in terms of quantification than the images made with precorrected data.
Elliptic-Curve-Based Security Processor for RFID (2008)

RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags need to include security functions, yet at the same time their resources are extremely limited. Moreover, to provide privacy, authentication and protection against tracking of RFID tags without loosing the system scalability, a public-key based approach is inevitable, which is shown by M. Burmester et al. In this paper, we present an architecture of a state-of-the-art processor for RFID tags with an Elliptic Curve (EC) processor over GF(2^163). It shows the plausibility of meeting both security and efficiency requirements even in a passive RFID tag. The proposed processor is able to perform EC scalar multiplications as well as general modular arithmetic (additions and multiplications) which are needed for the cryptographic protocols. As we work with large numbers, the register file is the most critical component in the architecture. By combining several techniques, we are able to reduce the number of registers from 9 to 6 resulting in EC processor of 10.1K gates. To obtain an efficient modulo arithmetic, we introduce a redundant modular operation. Moreover the proposed architecture can support multiple cryptographic protocols. The synthesis results with a 0.13 um CMOS technology show that the gate area of the most compact version is 12.5K gates.
Sensitive photothermal densitometer for quantitation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitive photothermal densitometer for quantitation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins in polyacrylamide gelsKonan. Peck and Michael D. MorrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2, 506–507Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00293a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00293a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Dendritic Oligothiophene Ruthenium Sensitizer for Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

We report a new type of dendritic terthiophene attached to a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand for ruthenium-based dye-sensitized solar cells. As a result of the incorporation of this electron-rich terthiophene donor unit into the heteroleptic ruthenium sensitizer [Ru(dcbpy)(3Tbpy)(NCS)(2)] (3T), the lowest-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition is red-shifted and the molar extinction coefficient is increased compared to the analogous standard Z907Na sensitizer. A preliminary investigation of the 3T dye in combination with an iodine/iodide-based electrolyte shows an interesting photovoltaic performance, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.4 % measured under air mass 1.5 global sunlight irradiation. Accelerated testing of these devices at 60 degrees C under full sunlight soaking shows a remarkable stability over 1000 h.
Upgrading Heavy and Extraheavy Crude Oil with Ionic Liquid (2007)

Abstract In this paper the effects of some ionic liquids elaborated with iron and molybdenum used to upgrade the properties of a heavy crude oil are discussed. The underlying objective is to increase the mobility of the oil in the reservoir reducing viscosity and improving the oil quality (e.g. diminishing the asphaltene and sulfur contents and increasing its °API gravity), using ionic liquids based on iron (10 wt%) and molybdenum (2 wt%) compounds, in a liquid phase homogeneously mixed with heavy crude oil in a batch reactor of 500 ml, at 673 K during 4 hours. The API gravity of a offshore heavy crude oil from the Gulf of Mexico increased from 12.5 until 20, kinematics viscosity decreased from 15,416 to 136.63 cSt at 288.75 K, asphaltene content was reduced from 28.65 to 10.82 wt%, while the sulfur was removed from 5.14 to 2.16%; and the distillation obtained by Simulated Distillation was increased from 48 to 71.2 vol%. Content of aromatics and saturated compounds were increased through the conversion of asphaltenes and resins, which contents decreased from 16.81 to 13.8 wt% and from 28.85 to 10.82 wt% respectively. Finally, the content of total nitrogen was reduced from 780 to 633 ppm in weight which represents a reduction approximately of 20 wt%. In this work upgrading of a heavy crude oil was obtained through the application of the thermal and catalytic hydrocracking with an ionic liquid. This ionic liquid could be applied into the reservoir combined with in-situ combustion process using unconventional wells in order to improve the recovery of heavy crude oil, producing an oil improved in-situ with lower viscosity, being easier their exploitation, increasing the productivity index in wells, and saving costs of transportation and refining at surface.
Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) J Range Extension (JRE) (2002)

The Assistant Secretary of Defense (ASD) memorandum pertaining to command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) tactical data link policy, dated, October 18, 1994, states: "...this policy designates the US agreed Link-16 data link as the DoD primary data link for all Service and Defense Agency Command and Control (C2) intelligence (I) and when practical, weapon system applications...". Link-16 is synonymous with Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) J. TADIL J is primarily carried by the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) has established a TADIL J Range Extension (JRE) Demonstration Program with multi-service participation. The ability to provide enhanced automatic link connectivity for beyond the horizon must be supported by advanced range extension via satellite and/or airborne platforms. The JRE program's bipolar thrust consist of developing candidate architectures for JRE based on individual service requirements, and demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of JRE to the war fighters.
Exciplex: An Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Approach for TADF (2018)

Organic materials that display thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are a striking class of functional materials that have witnessed a booming progress in recent years. In addition to pure TADF emitters achieved by the subtle manipulations of intramolecular charge transfer processes with sophisticated molecular structures, a new class of efficient TADF-based OLEDs with emitting layer formed by blending electron donor and acceptor molecules that involve intermolecular charge transfer have also been fabricated. In contrast to pure TADF materials, the exciplex-based systems can realize small Δ E<sub>ST</sub> (0-0.05 eV) much more easily since the electron and hole are positioned on two different molecules, thereby giving small exchange energy. Consequently, exciplex-based OLEDs have the prospective to maximize the TADF contribution and achieve theoretical 100% internal quantum efficiency. Therefore, the challenging issue of achieving small Δ E<sub>ST</sub> in organic systems could be solved. In this article, we summarize and discuss the latest and most significant developments regarding these rapidly evolving functional materials, wherein the majority of the reported exciplex forming systems are categorized into two subgroups, viz. (a) exciplex as TADF emitters and (b) those as hosts for fluorescent, phosphorescent and TADF dopants according to their structural features and applications. The working mechanisms of the direct electroluminescence from the donor/acceptor interface and the exciplex-forming systems as cohost for the realization of high efficiency OLEDs are reviewed and discussed. This article delivers a summary of the current progresses and achievements of exciplex-based researches and points out the future challenges to trigger more research endeavors to this growing field.
Sintering Process of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact under High Pressure (2011)

The polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC) samples sintered at 1 460 ℃,5.6 GPa and at varied sintering time were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and EDX.In the XRD patterns,graphite(002) peak was found in the sample sintered for 40 s.It was also found that the WC(100)peaks in different samples change from weak to strong and then to weak,and finally disappear with the increase of the sinter time of PDC.Furthermore,the calculated results from the XRD data show that the magnitude of the cell parameter of the cobalt in the diamond layer of PDC increases with the sinter time due to the solution of the W or C.It was observed that the distribution of the cobalt diffusing from the substrate of WC is uneven.
[Low doses of mifepristone for emergency contraception]. (1999)

All the 3 doses of mifepristone could be used as an effective emergency contraception.
Monocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification in human monocyte-derived macrophages. (1990)

We have investigated effects of monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on the uptake of acetylated low density lipoproteins (acetyl-LDL) and the activity of cholesterol esterification in human monocyte-derived macrophage. The cells were cultured with M-CSF for 10 days and then incubated with acetyl-LDL for 24 h. M-CSF (128 ng/ml) enhanced the uptake and degradation of 10 micrograms/ml of 125I-acetyl LDL 7.5-fold (n = 6) and the effect of M-CSF was dose-dependent at the concentrations of 0.5-32 ng/ml. The binding experiments at 4 degrees C demonstrated that the number of acetyl-LDL receptor was increased by the addition of M-CSF. Supporting this, ligand blotting analysis revealed a significant increase in a receptor protein for acetyl-LDL (240 kDa). Binding of LDL was also enhanced by M-CSF but less significantly than that of acetyl-LDL. Cellular cholesterol esterification in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml acetyl-LDL was enhanced 24.1-fold (n = 13) by 128 ng/ml M-CSF. It was evident that M-CSF enhanced cholesterol esterification to a greater extent than the cellular uptake of acetyl-LDL (24.1- versus 7.5-fold). Cholesterol esterification was also enhanced by the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 1. We conclude that M-CSF enhances the uptake of both acetyl-LDL and LDL by increasing their receptor number, and further enhances the process of cholesterol esterification, resulting in a remarkable increase in cholesterol esterification in macrophages. These findings strongly suggest the significant involvement of cytokines such as M-CSF in cholesterol metabolism of macrophages.
Channel Coding for Nonvolatile Memory Technologies: Theoretical Advances and Practical Considerations (2017)

Every bit of information in a storage or memory device is bound by a multitude of performance specifications, and is subject to a variety of reliability impediments. At the other end, the physical processes tamed to remember our bits offer a constant source of risk to their reliability. These include a variety of noise sources, access restrictions, intercell interferences, cell variabilities, and many more issues. Tying together this vector of performance figures with that vector of reliability issues is a rich matrix of emerging coding tools and techniques. Channel coding schemes ensure target reliability and performance and have been at the core of memory systems since their nascent age. In this survey, we first overview the fundamentals of channel coding and summarize well-known codes that have been used in nonvolatile memories (NVMs). Next, we demonstrate why the conventional coding approaches ubiquitously based on symmetric channel models and optimization for the Hamming metric fail to address the needs of modern memories. We then discuss several recently proposed innovative coding schemes. Behind each coding scheme lies an interesting theoretical framework, building on deep ideas from mathematics and the information sciences. We also survey some of the most fascinating bridges between deep theory and storage performance. While the focus of this survey is primarily on the pervasive multilevel NAND Flash, we envision that other benefiting memory technologies will include phase change memory, resistive memories, and others.
Research on rubbing image mosaic based on SIFT feature (2017)

In image digital processing of ancient books, stitching a global image with local images is a common way to deal with large size images such as rubbing images. This paper proposes an image mosaic method to realize rubbing image registration and fusion based on SIFT feature. The experimental results show the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed method.