gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic and Social Benefits from Wave Energy Conversion Marine Technology (2007)

This paper summarizes the energy resource, the energy conversion technology, and the economic and social benefits of using wave energy technology. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimates that the U.S. wave resource potential that could credibly be harnessed is about 6.5% of the 2004 U.S. national electricity energy demand (the total 2004 demand was about 4,000 TWh). Wave energy conversion (WEC) is an emerging technology; ten WEC devices have been tested to date in natural waters worldwide over the past 10 years. The economic opportunities are significant. A relatively minor investment by government in the public good today could stimulate a worldwide industry generating billions of dollars of economic output and employing thousands of people, while using an abundant and clean natural resource to meet our energy needs. Wave energy is potentially more easily assimilated into the grid (compared to wind and solar) because it may be more accurately predictable two to three days ahead and sold as firm power. Given proper care in siting, deployment, operations, maintenance and decommissioning, wave power promises to be one of the most environmentally benign electrical generation technologies. The primary barrier to the development and use of these technologies in the U.S. is the cumbersome regulatory process. We recommend and encourage the development of an effective regulatory system that fosters the application of this environmentally friendly electricity generation technology for our society.
RNA polymerase II–associated factor 1 regulates the release and phosphorylation of paused RNA polymerase II (2015)

Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early elongation is a critical step in transcriptional regulation in metazoan cells. Paused Pol II release is thought to require the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) for the phosphorylation of DRB sensitivity-inducing factor, negative elongation factor, and C-terminal domain (CTD) serine-2 of Pol II. We found that Pol II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) is a critical regulator of paused Pol II release, that positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) directly regulates the initial recruitment of PAF1 complex (PAF1C) to genes, and that the subsequent recruitment of CDK12 is dependent on PAF1C. These findings reveal cooperativity among P-TEFb, PAF1C, and CDK12 in pausing release and Pol II CTD phosphorylation.
ESR Refining Potential for Titanium Alloys using a CaF<sub>2</sub>‐based Active Slag (2007)

Abstract Since the end of the Cold War and due to the needs to produce titanium more cost‐efficient and thus more attractive for its civilian use, the electroslag remelting (ESR) process has become an increasingly important topic of international research programmes, because titanium and titanium aluminides can be chemically refined by ESR in some degree. Using ESR, titanium turnings from machining steps and scrap from foundries can be remelted, refined and provided as secondary titanium for the market at relatively favourable prices. This article investigates the removability of the main impurities out of titanium and titanium‐aluminium alloys by electroslag remelting using the active slag system CaF 2 ‐Ca‐(CaO). Thermochemical and kinetic aspects of the ESR process are considered.
Digital image stabilizing algorithms based on bit-plane matching (1998)

In this paper, we present a new digital image stabilization (DIS) scheme based on bit-plane matching (BPM). The proposed DIS system performs motion estimation using 1-bit planes which are extracted from a video sequence. This motion estimation technique can be realized using only Boolean functions which have significantly reduced computational complexity, while the accuracy of motion estimation is maintained. In the second part of this paper, a median-based motion correction scheme is proposed which is robust to various irregular conditions such as moving objects and intentional panning. Simulation results show that the proposed DIS algorithm exhibits better performance compared with existing other algorithms when applied to real video signals.
Effect of Oxide Nanoparticles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Separators for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2012)

This study reports the fabrication and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐CTFE) nanofibrous separators for lithium‐ion batteries loaded with different amounts of fumed‐silica and tin oxide nanoparticles. Membrane morphological characterization (SEM, TEM) showed the presence of good‐quality nanofibres containing nanoparticles. Thermal degradation and membrane mechanical properties were also investigated, and a remarkable effect of nanoparticle addition on membrane mechanical properties was found. In particular, PEO membranes were strengthened by the addition of metal oxide, whereas PVDF‐CTFE membranes acquired ductility.
Fairness (1990)

Verklemmungsfreiheit und Lebendigkeit sind wichtige Eigenschaften für Systeme, die fortlaufend arbeiten sollen, z.B. um Steuerungs- oder Kontrollfunktionen kontinuierlich wahrzunehmen. Es kann aber nicht ausgeschlossen werden, daß eine durchaus immer wieder ausführbare Aktion niemals ausgeführt wird, weil das System einerseits die Freiheit hat, unter den ausführbaren Aktionen eine oder einige zur Ausführung auszuwählen, andererseits das Auswahlprinzip in irgendeinem Sinne unfair oder überhaupt nicht präzisiert ist, also einige Aktionen benachteiligt. Im letzten Fall sagt man, daß für eine solche Aktion die Gefahr eines Livelocks besteht. In diesem Abschnitt beschäftigen wir uns mit der Widerspiegelung derartiger Phänomene in Petri-Netz-Modellen.
On the injection molding of nanostructured polymer surfaces (2005)

Abstract Well‐defined nano‐topographies were prepared by electron‐beam lithography and electroplated to form nickel‐shims. The surface pattern consisted of square pillars repeated equidistantly within the plane of the surface in a perpendicular arrangement. The width and distance between the squares both ranged from 310 to 3100 nm. All the pillars were 220 nm high. The nickel‐shim was used as a surface‐template during injection molding of polycarbonate. Secondly, a nickel shim, with a surface pattern consisted of a squared sine with a period of 700 nm and amplitude of 450 nm, was mounted on, and it was in good thermal contact with the upper plate in a hot‐press. Polycarbonate/polystyrene was melted on the lower plate while the temperature of the shim was kept below the glass transition temperature. The upper plate was lowered until the shim was in contact with the melt. Experiments were carried out with a clean shim and a shim coated with a monolayer of fluorocarbonsilane. As a result of the surface coating, the amplitude of the replicated grating decreased from about 350 nm in polycarbonate and 100 nm in polystyrene to less than 10 nm. The experiments strongly suggest that the possibility to injection mold sub‐micrometer surface structures in polymers mainly relates to adhesive energy between polymer and shim. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:160–171, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Genetic Study of Retinitis Pigmentosa in China (1987)

A total of 190 patients (379 eyes), from 169 families, with retinitis pigmentosa were studied in four genetic aspects in China. A large percentage (58.9%) of affected patients appear to be sporadic cases with no family history of disease. In dermatoglyphic analysis, comparing with the controls, the increment of eight or more whorls, the increase of the number of simian and the value of atd angle in 110 patients with retinitis pigmentosa were statistically significant. In addition, the incidence of G6PD deficiency in retinitis pigmentosa (7.89%) is higher than that (3.5%) of a nonaffected population in the same area. However, there is no significant difference of ABO blood typing between 176 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and the normal population of China.
Tactile Communication in Sport (1974)

(1974). Tactile Communication in Sport. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 38-40.
Food security and food sovereignty (2007)

This discussion paper explores conceptualisations of food security produced by the World Trade Organisation and the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations and examines a responsive policy framework food sovereignty – championed by the farming and peasant movement Via Campesina. Conflict over the use and appropriation of plant genetic resources is examined to highlight tensions between food security and food sovereignty. The paper argues that the concepts of food security and food sovereignty co-produce a discourse of global agricultural change.
Pathogenesis of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Infection in BALB/c Mice: Effects on Host Macrophages and Neutrophils (2005)

The pathogenesis of infection with Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, was examined following subcutaneous infection of BALB/c mice with a fully virulent strain expressing green fluorescent protein. Plate culturing, flow cytometry, and laser confocal microscopy of spleen homogenates throughout infection revealed three discernible stages of infection. The early phase was characterized by the presence of a small number of intracellular bacteria mostly within CD11b+ macrophages and Ly-6G+ neutrophils. These bacteria were not viable, as determined by plate culturing of spleen homogenates, until day 2 postinfection. Between days 2 and 4 postinfection, a plateau phase was observed, with bacterial burdens of 10(3) to 10(4) CFU per spleen. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that there was even distribution of Y. pestis within both CD11b+ macrophage and Ly-6G+ neutrophil populations on day 2 postinfection. However, from day 3 postinfection onward, intracellular bacteria were observed exclusively within splenic CD11b+ macrophages. The late phase of infection, between days 4 and 5 postinfection, was characterized by a rapid increase in bacterial numbers, as well as escape of bacteria into the extracellular compartment. Annexin V staining of spleens indicated that a large proportion of splenic neutrophils underwent rapid apoptosis on days 1 and 2 postinfection. Fewer macrophages underwent apoptosis during the same period. Our data suggest that during the early stages of Y. pestis infection, splenic neutrophils are responsible for limiting the growth of Y. pestis and that splenic macrophages provide safe intracellular shelters within which Y. pestis is able to grow and escape during the later stages of infection. This macrophage compliance can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with a combination of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Authentication Schemes for Session Passwords Using Color and Images (2011)

Textual passwords are the most common method used for authentication. But textual passwords are vulnerable to eves dropping, dictionary attacks, social engineering and shoulder surfing. Graphical passwords are introduced as alternative techniques to textual passwords. Most of the graphical schemes are vulnerable to shoulder surfing. To address this problem, text can be combined with images or colors to generate session passwords for authentication. Session passwords can be used only once and every time a new password is generated. In this paper, two techniques are proposed to generate session passwords using text and colors which are resistant to shoulder surfing. These methods are suitable for Personal Digital Assistants.
Identification of a Candidate <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Core Genome and Regions of Diversity Correlated with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (2006)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and gram-positive sepsis. While multiple virulence determinants have been identified, the combination of features that determines the propensity of an isolate to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains unknown. In this study, we determined the genetic composition of 42 invasive and 30 noninvasive clinical isolates of serotypes 6A, 6B, and 14 by comparative genomic hybridization. Comparison of the present/absent gene matrix (i.e., comparative genomic analysis [CGA]) identified a candidate core genome consisting of 1,553 genes (73% of the TIGR4 genome), 154 genes whose presence correlated with the ability to cause IPD, and 176 genes whose presence correlated with the noninvasive phenotype. Genes identified by CGA were cross-referenced with the published signature-tagged mutagenesis studies, which served to identify core and IPD-correlated genes required for in vivo passage. Among these, two pathogenicity islands, region of diversity 8a (RD8a), which encodes a neuraminidase and V-type sodium synthase, and RD10, which encodes PsrP, a protein homologous to the platelet adhesin GspB in Streptococcus gordonii, were identified. Mice infected with a PsrP mutant were delayed in the development of bacteremia and demonstrated reduced mortality versus wild-type-infected controls. Finally, the presence of seven RDs was determined to correlate with the noninvasive phenotype, a finding that suggests some RDs may contribute to asymptomatic colonization. In conclusion, RDs are unequally distributed between invasive and noninvasive isolates, RD8a and RD10 are correlated with the propensity of an isolate to cause IPD, and PsrP is required for full virulence in mice.
The role of spatial variability in geology parameters on gas outburst prediction in Seam II1, Yi'an Coalmine (2012)

Combined with the grid method and Block Kriging, the role of spatial variability in geology parameters on gas outburst prediction was investigated. The case studied was selected in Seam II1, Yi'an Coalmine of Henan Province. Using grid method, researched field was divided into small blocks. Every parameter of small geological un-mined units was individually fitted by Block Kriging. Based on stepwise regression, the predictive equation of gas emission was established. A point is reached where the main contributors to gas outburst in Yi'an Coalmine are separately burial depth of coal seam and volatile content of raw coal, while lithology of adjacent rocks and faults plays dissipation role. Prediction also demonstrates that spatial variability in coal parameters results in heterogeneity of gas emission, in detail, it is higher in the southwest than in the northeast and there are lower points in the east and southeast parts.
The Attitude of Medical Students in Taiwan toward Hospice Palliative Care (2003)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Care programs targeting the needs of the terminally ill are gaining in importance in Taiwan. In terms of cancer alone, Taiwan has over 40,000 deaths each year. Knowledge and competence related to hospice palliative medicine, however, remains inadequate among Taiwan clinical physicians. The present study was conducted in support of the development of a formal hospice palliative care curriculum for medical students. METHODS: Medical students from twelve Taiwan medical colleges were invited to participate in this survey. Self-administered questionnaires were designed that asked questions in three “domains”: the first assessed students’ basic knowledge regarding hospice care; the second assessed student attitudes toward hospice care; the third acquired background data on the survey participant. RESULTS: Students from Taiwan’s East Coast returned a higher rate of disapproval toward making palliative and end-of-life care part of students’ compulsory education. Students at schools in central Taiwan showed stronger disapproval for making palliative and end-of-life care an elective subject. Junior (second year) and female students, as well as those claiming their religion as “Buddhist”, indicated a relatively stronger approval in their answer to the questing whether they would support payment for hospice care from the National Health Insurance plan. Buddhist respondents also indicated greater relative willingness to become hospice care physicians. Students who had already completed their curriculum in medical ethics indicated relatively stronger disapproval of including hospice-palliative training in the ethics curriculum, although relatively more approved of developing such as an optional course. Medical students with previous hospital volunteer experience did not indicate greater willingness to serve as a hospice volunteer. Those from families with terminally ill relative experience did not show a greater willingness to become hospice care physicians. CONCLUSION: The hospice and palliative medicine education provided medical students in Taiwan remains inadequate. Institutionalizing a curriculum that includes practicum and experiential methodology, which would help medical students achieve basic competency in end-of-life care, would be the best approach to improving the attitude and understanding of Taiwan’s future physicians toward hospice-palliative care.
Synthesis of aryloxypropanolamines via a palladium-promoted oxyamination (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of aryloxypropanolamines via a palladium-promoted oxyaminationJan E. Baeckvall and Styrbjoern E. BystroemCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 6, 1126–1128Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00345a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00345a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of genes for resistance to potato virus Y in potato plants and protoplasts (1984)

SUMMARY Plants of several potato clones with major gene resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) developed necrotic local lesions and systemic necrosis after manual inoculation with common (PVY o ) or veinal necrosis (PVY N ) strains of the virus. The clones reacted similarly, although their resistance genes are thought to be derived from four different wild species of Solarium. Mesophyll protoplasts from each clone became infected when inoculated with RNA of PVY o by the polyethylene glycol method. The proportion of protoplasts infected, assessed by staining with fluorescent antibody to virus particles, was similar to that of protoplasts of susceptible potato cultivars. In contrast, plants of potato cultivars Corine and Pirola, which possess gene Ry from S. stoloniferum , developed few or no symptoms when manually inoculated or grafted with PVY o . Moreover, only very few protoplasts of these cultivars produced virus particle antigen after inoculation with PVY o RNA. The extreme resistance to PVY of cvs Corine and Pirola was therefore expressed by inoculated protoplasts whereas the resistance of the necrotic‐reacting potato clones was not.
Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction and liquid-solid extraction methods for the HPLC determination of verapamil and norverapamil in human plasma (1992)

peer reviewed
Test methods of the AUTOSAR application software components (2009)

The AUTOSAR, an open and standardized automotive software platform, provides a software architecture that can develop automotive software components independent from specific base-hardware and operating systems. Therefore application system developers are able to focus on the implementation of software functionality regardless of variant ECU hardware and operating systems. As a consequence, the overall quality of the software can be improved, and a software development process can also be simplified throughout the whole software lifecycle. In addition, to estimate and test the functional aspects in a developed AUTOSAR system, the quality and reliability become an important issue. It is possible to make rapid prototyping in accordance with sequential dynamic tests, such as white-box test and black-box test, to validate the functional logic of AUTOSAR software components. This paper will present test methods for the validation of AUTOSAR software components created by model-based design. Afterwards, the practical test and validation of the model, along with the AUTOSAR-compliant software, are demonstrated based on the DPS (Driver Positioning System) application system.
Alternative complement pathway-dependent ingestion of fluolite particles by human granulocytes. (1981)

Fluorescent particles (Fluolite) with an average size of 0.1 micrometers were ingested by human granulocytes after incubation in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Ingestion was assessed by visual counting in a fluorescent microscope of cells containing particles. Ingestion required fresh normal serum and did not occur when serum was heated for 30 min at 50 degrees C or in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It did not occur in serum genetically deficient in C3b inactivator or in C3. Phagocytic activity was restored to C3-deficient serum by purified human C3 and to heat inactivated serum by purified factor B. Opsonic activity was present in NHS containing 5 mM Mg++ and 10 mM ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) and in human serum genetically deficient in human C components C2 and C5. Agammaglobulinemic sera had normal opsonic activity. Opsonization of particles in this system is mediated through the alternative pathway of C activation, and its measurement serves as a simple quantitative functional assay for this system.
Technical and economic feasibility of zeolite encapsulation for krypton-85 storage (1979)

This report presents experimental results and analyses to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of encapsulation by zeolites as a method to immobilize krypton-85 for safe, long-term storage. The process, which is feasible for a reference 2000 metric ton of heavy metal per year reprocessing plant, would encapsulate krypton at approximately 20 cm/sup 3//g, using temperatures greater than 575/sup 0/C and pressures greater than 1600 atm. A conceptual design and cost estimate was made for a commercial-scale facility, using well-established technology for building, operating, and containing krypton-85 within such a processing system. Safety considerations to contain any krypton released from the processing equipment are within existing technology. 36 figures, 12 tables.
Lymphocyte-Homing Receptors and Preferential Migration Pathways (1991)

Over the next few years, research can be expected to focus on the regulation of expression of the tissue-specific homing receptors, the molecular nature of the corresponding endothelial ligands, and the spectrum of factors regulating the adhesiveness of high endothelial venule cells in vivo. In addition, it would be important to elucidate whether other adhesion molecules also play a role in tissue-specific lymphocyte entry and localization into distinct regions of the lymphoid organ. The results of these studies should provide important insights into the mechanisms controlling lymphocyte trafficking into lymphoid tissues as well as chronic inflammatory sites.