gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Community Structure Associated with a Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Producing North Atlantic Algal Bloom (2000)

The bacteria associated with oceanic algal blooms are acknowledged to play important roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, yet little information is available on their identities or phylogenetic affiliations. Three culture-independent methods were used to characterize bacteria from a dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-producing algal bloom in the North Atlantic. Group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis all indicated that the marine Roseobacter lineage was numerically important in the heterotrophic bacterial community, averaging >20% of the 16S rDNA sampled. Two other groups of heterotrophic bacteria, the SAR86 and SAR11 clades, were also shown by the three 16S rRNA-based methods to be abundant in the bloom community. In surface waters, the Roseobacter, SAR86, and SAR11 lineages together accounted for over 50% of the bacterial rDNA and showed little spatial variability in abundance despite variations in the dominant algal species. Depth profiles indicated that Roseobacter phylotype abundance decreased with depth and was positively correlated with chlorophyll a, DMSP, and total organic sulfur (dimethyl sulfide plus DMSP plus dimethyl sulfoxide) concentrations. Based on these data and previous physiological studies of cultured Roseobacter strains, we hypothesize that this lineage plays a role in cycling organic sulfur compounds produced within the bloom. Three other abundant bacterial phylotypes (representing a cyanobacterium and two members of the alpha Proteobacteria) were primarily associated with chlorophyll-rich surface waters of the bloom (0 to 50 m), while two others (representing Cytophagales and delta Proteobacteria) were primarily found in deeper waters (200 to 500 m).
Tuning the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Emission from Deep Blue to Green in Ambipolar Systems Based on Dibenzothiophene <i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-Dioxide by Manipulation of Conjugation and Strength of the Electron Donor Units (2010)

The efficient synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of ambipolar donor-acceptor-donor systems is described where the acceptor is dibenzothiophene S,S-dioxide and the donor is fluorene, carbazole, or arylamine. The systems exhibit intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states (of variable ICT character strengths) leading to fluorescence emission ranging from deep blue to green with moderate to high photoluminescence quantum yields. The emission properties can be effectively tuned by systematically changing the position of substitution on both donor and acceptor units (which affects the extent of conjugation) and the redox potentials of the donor units. The results are supported by cyclic voltammetric data and TD-DFT calculations.
Study on the Improved Target Tracking for the Collaborative Control of the UAV-UGV (2013)

This paper suggests the target tracking method improved for the collaboration of the quad rotor type UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and omnidirectional Unmanned Ground Vehicle. If UAV shakes or UGV moves rapidly, the existing method generates a phenomenon that the tracking object loses the tracking target. To solve the problems, we propose an algorithm that can track continually when they lose the target. The proposed algorithm stores the vector of the landmark. And if the target was lost, the control signal was inputted so that the landmark could move continuously to the direction running out. Prior to the experiment, Proportional and integral control were used in 4 motors in order to calibrate the Heading value of the omnidirectional mobile robot. The landmark of UGV was recognized as the camera adhered to UAV and the target was traced through the proportional-integral-derivative control. Finally, the performance of the target tracking controller and proposed algorithm was evaluated through the experiment.
Allelochemical interaction between plant and other organisms--combined approach of laboratory and field. (2003)

This issue of Biological Sciences in Space is dedicated to "Allelochemical interaction between plant and other organisms-Combined approach of laboratory and field". Papers were presented at the symposium that was held in Osaka on March 27, 2003.
Gnetol as a Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor from Genus<i>Gnetum</i> (2003)

Gnetol (2,3',5',6-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene), a naturally occurring compound particularly found in the genus Gnetum, had a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity. Gnetol (IC50, 4.5 microM) was stronger than kojic acid (IC50, 139 microM) as a standard inhibitor for murine tyrosinase activity. Moreover, gnetol significantly suppressed, melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.
Challenging Neural Dialogue Models with Natural Data: Memory Networks Fail on Incremental Phenomena (2017)

Natural, spontaneous dialogue proceeds incrementally on a word-by-word basis; and it contains many sorts of disfluency such as mid-utterance/sentence hesitations, interruptions, and self-corrections. But training data for machine learning approaches to dialogue processing is often either cleaned-up or wholly synthetic in order to avoid such phenomena. The question then arises of how well systems trained on such clean data generalise to real spontaneous dialogue, or indeed whether they are trainable at all on naturally occurring dialogue data. To answer this question, we created a new corpus called bAbI+ by systematically adding natural spontaneous incremental dialogue phenomena such as restarts and self-corrections to the Facebook AI Research's bAbI dialogues dataset. We then explore the performance of a state-of-the-art retrieval model, MemN2N, on this more natural dataset. Results show that the semantic accuracy of the MemN2N model drops drastically; and that although it is in principle able to learn to process the constructions in bAbI+, it needs an impractical amount of training data to do so. Finally, we go on to show that an incremental, semantic parser -- DyLan -- shows 100% semantic accuracy on both bAbI and bAbI+, highlighting the generalisation properties of linguistically informed dialogue models.
Sequence homologies among intestinal and renal Na+/glucose cotransporters (1990)

Sodium-dependent glucose transport occurs in the intestine and kidney of most animal species. The cDNA encoding the Na+/glucose cotransporter from rabbit jejunum was used to examine the distribution of homologous mRNA in other rabbit tissues and in the intestines of other species. Northern blots of mRNA extracted from various tissues were probed with radiolabeled cDNA of the cloned rabbit transporter. The probe hybridized with mRNA of approximately 2.2 kb from rabbit jejunum, renal cortex, and renal medulla, indicating that related mRNA of the same size is found in these tissues. With the use of the same cDNA probe, a 1.6-kb partial-length clone encoding 484 amino acids was isolated from a rabbit renal cortex cDNA library. There was greater than 99% identity between the cDNA sequences, and 100% identity between the amino acid sequences, of the renal clone and the rabbit intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter. The 2.2-kb transcript was seen in mRNA from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, with a distribution that matched the Na+/glucose transport capacity in these tissues. A faint signal at 2.2 kb was also seen in colon mRNA. There was no detectable hybridization to blots of stomach and heart mRNA. The rabbit probe also hybridized to intestinal mRNA from a number of species from trout to humans. We conclude that a Na+/glucose cotransporter of rabbit renal cortex is very similar to that of the intestine and that the intestinal transporter has been conserved during evolution.
Synthetic studies on pyrroloquinolines. Part III. Improved synthesis of 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoline and its conversion into 3a,10b-diazacyclopenta[jk]phenanthrene derivatives (1974)

3-(2-Aminoethyl)-7-chloro-4-methoxy-2-quinolone (7) was prepared by methylation of 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-3-(2-pnthalimidoethyl)-2-quinolone and removal of the phthaloyl group. Cyclization of the 3-(2-acetamidoethyl) derivative (9) gave, after hydrolysis, the pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoline (12). An addition reaction with ethyl acrylate followed by reduction with aluminium hydride led to the pyrroloquinolin-1-ylpropanol (14), which was cyclized to the diazacyclopenta[jk]phenanthrene (16)via the quaternary salt (15). Hydrolysis of compound (16) gave the 6-ketone (17), whose structure was confirmed by its n.m.r. spectrum.
Control of Radiative Processes Using Tunable Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas (2014)

The radiative processes associated with fluorophores and other radiating systems can be profoundly modified by their interaction with nanoplasmonic structures. Extreme electromagnetic environments can be created in plasmonic nanostructures or nanocavities, such as within the nanoscale gap region between two plasmonic nanoparticles, where the illuminating optical fields and the density of radiating modes are dramatically enhanced relative to vacuum. Unraveling the various mechanisms present in such coupled systems, and their impact on spontaneous emission and other radiative phenomena, however, requires a suitably reliable and precise means of tuning the plasmon resonance of the nanostructure while simultaneously preserving the electromagnetic characteristics of the enhancement region. Here, we achieve this control using a plasmonic platform consisting of colloidally synthesized nanocubes electromagnetically coupled to a metallic film. Each nanocube resembles a nanoscale patch antenna (or nanopatch) whose plasmon resonance can be changed independent of its local field enhancement. By varying the size of the nanopatch, we tune the plasmonic resonance by ∼ 200 nm, encompassing the excitation, absorption, and emission spectra corresponding to Cy5 fluorophores embedded within the gap region between nanopatch and film. By sweeping the plasmon resonance but keeping the field enhancements roughly fixed, we demonstrate fluorescence enhancements exceeding a factor of 30,000 with detector-limited enhancements of the spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 74. The experiments are supported by finite-element simulations that reveal design rules for optimized fluorescence enhancement or large Purcell factors.
Correlation Energy and Spin Polarization in the 2D Electron Gas (2002)

The ground-state energy of the two-dimensional uniform electron gas has been calculated with a fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method, including backflow correlations, for a wide range of electron densities as a function of spin polarization. We give a simple analytic representation of the correlation energy which fits our simulation data and includes several known high- and low-density limits. This parametrization provides a reliable local spin density energy functional for two-dimensional systems and an estimate for the spin susceptibility. Within the proposed model for the correlation energy, a weakly first-order polarization transition occurs shortly before Wigner crystallization as the density is lowered.
Design considerations for high efficiency Buck PFC with Half-Bridge regulation stage (2010)

AC-DC converters for applications such as notebook adapters require operation over universal input mains range, and are challenged to achieve high efficiency over the entire range. Given the enclosed construction, and the demand for smaller, thinner adapters, they must be designed for high, yet relatively flat efficiency over the full mains range, to meet stringent thermal constraints. A novel two-stage architecture has been developed for high density, high efficiency notebook adapters. A buck regulator is used for the PFC front-end stage. The output isolation & regulation stage is implemented using a Half-Bridge topology operated in an Integral-Cycle-Controlled mode. Smart burst modes are deployed in both stages, delivering excellent efficiency also across the full load range -93% efficiency at 100% loading, and >80% efficiency at 5% loading. The Buck PFC delivers Power Factor performance that greatly exceeds EN61000-3-2 & meets Energy Star requirements, with Power Factor >0.93 at 115Vac (low line). This paper details the design approach, practical issues and their resolutions, and benefits of the approach. Performance data is presented.
Multilingual semantic role labeling (2009)

This paper describes our contribution to the semantic role labeling task (SRL-only) of the CoNLL-2009 shared task in the closed challenge (Hajič et al., 2009). Our system consists of a pipeline of independent, local classifiers that identify the predicate sense, the arguments of the predicates, and the argument labels. Using these local models, we carried out a beam search to generate a pool of candidates. We then reranked the candidates using a joint learning approach that combines the local models and proposition features.
Murine hybridomas secreting natural monoclonal antibodies reacting with self antigens. (1983)

Spleen cells from nonimmunized BALB/c mice were fused with two nonsecreting myeloma lines. The hybrids were selected in HAT medium and screened for Ig production and for antibody activity against actin, tubulin, myosin, thyroglobulin, myoglobin, spectrin, dsDNA, fetuin, and transferrin. Among 161 hybrids secreting Ig, three were found to react with DNA, one with thyroglobulin, and one mainly with myosin. Two of these hybrids could be propagated and further characterized. On the basis of inhibition experiments, one was found to be directed against dsDNA; the other was directed mainly against myosin but at the same time reacted significantly with actin, tubulin, spectrin, and dsDNA. Reactivity with myosin seemed to be concentrated in the light meromyosin subfragment, known to be rich in alpha-helical structure. These results indicate: 1) There are reactive B cell clones directed against self antigens. 2) The antibody specificities found for these antibodies are very similar to those found for natural antibodies in normal human serum and for human monoclonal Ig. 3) The widespread reactivity found for the clone mainly reacting with myosin raises the possibility that the determinant recognized by this antibody is a conformational structure that possibly is associated with alpha-helical structures.
Efficacy of DMP 840: a novel bis-naphthalimide cytotoxic agent with human solid tumor xenograft selectivity. (1994)

DMP 840, a novel bis-naphthalimide, was evaluated for antitumor efficacy in several tumor models in mice. As measured by a tumor growth inhibition assay, i.v. administration of DMP 840 to athymic nude mice at doses at or below the maximum tolerated dose resulted in curative activity against four human solid tumor xenografts, MX-1 mammary carcinoma, CX-1 and DLD-2 colon adenocarcinomas, and LX-1 lung carcinoma, producing full or incomplete regressions and/or percent tumor growth inhibition of > or = 96%. The efficacy of DMP 840 in the models was dose dependent. The activity of DMP 840 against the human tumors surpassed that demonstrated by several clinically used and investigational anticancer agents. In long-term growth delay studies, DMP 840 induced full regressions in 20 of 20 mice bearing MX-1 tumors, and tumors in one-half of these mice remained regressed for over 5 months. In addition, DMP 840 was curative against exponentially growing DLD-2 tumors staged at 500 mg and MX-1 tumors staged at 1000 mg. The bis-naphthalimide was equally efficacious when administered i.v. or i.p. but was slightly less active after oral dosing. Against both the MX-1 mammary carcinoma and the DLD-2 colon adenocarcinoma, some measure of schedule dependence was observed; the optimum schedule was daily for 9 days. Against L1210 and P388 murine leukemias, DMP 840 demonstrated little or no activity and was inactive against B16 murine melanoma. Overall, these results suggest that DMP 840 may be a human solid tumor selective cytotoxic agent.
Transcription analysis of the lexA gene of Escherichia coli: attenuation and cotranscription with the neighboring region. (1984)

The lexA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a repressor of the genes whose expression is induced by the agents that result in DNA damage. In vivo transcripts of the lexA gene consisted of two species; mRNA-1 of 673 bases and mRNA-2 of approximately 3,000 bases. The transcription in vivo started at a site which was two-base pairs downstream from the in vitro initiation site reported previously. The majority of the transcription stopped at a series of T residues preceeded by a dyad symmetry located immediately after the lexA gene. A small fraction of the transcription passed through the termination site to form the mRNA of downstream gene(s) which would be related to the "SOS functions".
Snowfall in Coastal West Antarctica much Greater than Previously Assumed (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods Results Conclusions References
Bacterial clearance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is enhanced by the inhibition of COX‐2 (2007)

Abstract Prostanoids generated by COX‐2 are involved in the regulation of inflammation but their exact role in the innate immune response has not been defined. We investigated whether COX‐2 is involved in host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. In vitro studies, in a macrophage cell line, showed that cytotoxic strain of P aeruginosa (PA103) induced significant COX‐2 protein expression and enzymatic function. In vivo data showed that infection with PA103 increased COX‐2 protein production in whole lung tissue compared to mice that were infected with mutant bacteria that lack ExoU (ΔU) or ExoU and ExoT (ΔUT). COX‐2 –/– mice had accentuated clearance of cytotoxic P. aeruginosa from the lungs. We further tested the effects of COX‐2 products such as prostaglandin E 2 on the function of phagocytic cells. Our studies indicate that prostaglandin E 2 may be involved through interacting with the EP2 receptors in modulating the host response because treatment of macrophages with prostaglandin E 2 suppressed production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore there was enhanced bacterial clearance in EP2 receptor –/– mice compared to the wild‐type controls. Thus it is possible that inhibition of COX‐2 or EP2 receptors could be an effective adjunctive treatment for severe or resistant P. aerugi nosa pneumonia.
Novel acrylic copolymers derived from Paracetamol: Determinationof reactivity ratio, microbial screening and thermal properties (2011)

The monomer p-acetamidophenyl methacrylate (PAPM) has been synthesized by reacting paracetamol with methacryloyl chloride using methanol as solvent. Homopolymers of PAPM, quinoline methaacrylate (QMA) and its copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization technique using 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator with different monomer-to-monomer ratios in the feed. The prepared copolymers were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The copolymer composition was evaluated by 1H-NMR and was further used to determine reactivity ratios. The monomer reactivity ratios for PAPM (M1)-QMA (M2) pair were determined by using Fineman-Ross (F-R) (r1 =0.66; r2 =1.12), Kelen-Tudos (K-T) (r1 = 0.66; r2 = 1.12) and extended Kelen-Tudos (Ex.K-T)(r1 = 0.65; r2 = 1.13) methods. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) showed that thermal decomposition of the polymer occurred in a two step. The first step decomposition occurs in the ranges from 224°C to 350°C whereas second step ranges from 350°C to 503°C. TGA data also showed that activation energy of all poly(PAPM-co-QMA) are in range of 38-52 K.J.mole-1.The values of integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) calculated by Doyle’s method for copolymers is in the range of 379°C -389°C. Activation energies (Ea) calculated by Broido’s method are in the range of 41-52 K.J.mole-1 for poly(PAPM-co-QMA). The characteristic temperature and kinetic parameters for the homo and copolymers have been obtained from DTA traces using Reich’s method. The molecular weights of the polymers were determined using gel permeation chromatography. All polymers were tested for their antimicrobial property against various microorganisms and found to possess significant antimicrobial activity. The composition of copolymers can be regulated to have materials of desired property.
Sorption of Aqueous Zn[II] and Cd[II] by Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: The Relative Roles of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups and Graphenic Carbon (2009)

Exposure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to oxidizing acids and other oxidants introduces oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups onto the surface. This research evaluated how changes in oxygen concentration and distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups influenced the sorption of aqueous zinc and cadmium on MWCNTs. Sorption results with natural char, activated carbon, and a suite of MWCNTs (of varying surface oxygen content) were obtained. Results confirmed that surface oxygen enhances the sorption of both Zn[II] and Cd[II] from aqueous solution. Although Zn[II] sorbed more strongly than Cd[II] for all materials studied, surface oxidation had more effect on the sorption of Cd[II] than of Zn[II]. Additional sorption experiments with Zn[II] and 16 MWCNTs of varying surface oxidation level and functional group distribution revealed the relative contributions of different types of surface sites to sorption. Sorption isotherms were fit using a two-site Langmuir adsorption model that incorporated the independent characterization of functional group distribution. Results showed that carboxyl-carbon sites were over 20 times more energetic for zinc sorption than unoxidized carbon (graphenic-carbon) sites, though both site types are important contributors to sorption.
Ogun State environmental assessment (2001)

The project aims at enabling access to basic services in poor settlements, and upgrading basic infrastructure in seven selected states. This environmental assessment examines the potential environmental adversity by state, comprising a separate volume for each state. Project areas include parts of ancient cities, with no modern urban planning, and narrow earth roads, with no drainage systems, often leading to floods. In turn, this provides for easy breeding ground to vector disease carriers, conducive to high mortality rates. Mitigation addresses health, education, and issues related to construction works as follows. During roads, and drainage construction, community participation will be promoted by intensive awareness campaigns, to prevent refuse dumping along the open drain channels, and the misuse of improved structures. To this end, polythene bags will be provided to households, to be disposed at refuse bins, which will then be emptied regularly by trucks and tippers at selected disposal sites. Inadequate borehole systems, and treatment of steel tanks cause water contamination, thus strict monitoring of water supply systems will be ensured in design specifications, and fully observed, and enforced in compliance with local regulations. In addition, water users committees will be established community wise, to ensure regulations are observed. Operation and maintenance of sanitation facilities will be in strict observance with local regulations, and in compliance with Bank's environmental guidelines, to prevent surface water, and groundwater contamination, thus containing the spread of water borne diseases. Sanitary landfills will be located at selected sites for wastes disposal; traffic safety measures will be enforced; while roads signaling, and lighting will be provided to minimize accidents, and noise disturbances; and, trees and vegetation will be replanted to contain erosion, and improve air qualities.