gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sandwich‐Like, Graphene‐Based Titania Nanosheets with High Surface Area for Fast Lithium Storage (2011)

Sandwich-like, graphene-based mesoporous titania (G-TiO2) nanosheets possess thin thickness, large aspect ratio, and mesoporous structure and show enhanced electrical conductivity. Such unique features provide numerous open channels for the access of electrolyte and facilitate the fast diffusion of lithium ions during the cycling processes. The graphene layer within each nanosheet can act as a mini-current collector, which is favorable for the fast electron transport in the electrode. As a consequence, G-TiO2 nanosheets exhibit a ultrahigh rate capability and excellent cycle performance, holding great potential as a high-rate anode material for lithium storage.
Human Face Detection Method Using Genetic Algorithm (1997)

To construct a face recognition system, facial regions should be detected before a face recognition process. A lot of studies have been made for the face recognition. However, the detection of facial region is still a difficult problem. In this paper, a novel method to detect human facial regions from an image with a complex background has been proposed. To detect human facial regions precisely, we employ the Genetic Algorithm (GA). First, the proposed method detects edges from an input image. Second, it searches ellipse regions using GA based on the idea that human faces can be approximated by ellipsoid. Finally, it judges whether the region is a human face or not one by one. We confirmed the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method by computer simulations.
Hygro- and hydroexpansion of paper: Influence of fibre-joint formation and fibre sorptivity (2010)

Glycosylated hemoglobin (GH), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, LDH and serum bilirubin were measured pre-operatively, and 1-10 days and 11-42 d post-operatively in 42 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Their mean age was 39.90 years, ranging from 4 to 68 yr. In the early post-operation days, Hb and hematocrit, but not GH percentage, were significantly decreased. This demonstrates that, at this stage, acute blood loss rather than hemolysis is more prominent. In the later post-operative days, GH, but not Hb or hematocrit, decreased significantly. This indicates the presence of chronic hemolysis with bone marrow compensation. In our study, the incidence of chronic mild hemolysis after cardiac surgery was very high (68.8%). We conclude that GH determination is a simple, easy and sensitive method to detect chronic hemolysis and we suggest measuring it in every case with suspicion of hemolysis.
Practice guideline update summary: Corticosteroid treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy [RETIRED] (2016)

In children with DMD, prednisone should be offered for improving strength (Level B) and pulmonary function (Level B). Prednisone may be offered for improving timed motor function (Level C), reducing the need for scoliosis surgery (Level C), and delaying cardiomyopathy onset by 18 years of age (Level C). Deflazacort may be offered for improving strength and timed motor function and delaying age at loss of ambulation by 1.4-2.5 years (Level C). Deflazacort may be offered for improving pulmonary function, reducing the need for scoliosis surgery, delaying cardiomyopathy onset, and increasing survival at 5-15 years of follow-up (Level C for each). Deflazacort and prednisone may be equivalent in improving motor function (Level C). Prednisone may be associated with greater weight gain in the first years of treatment than deflazacort (Level C). Deflazacort may be associated with a greater risk of cataracts than prednisone (Level C). The preferred dosing regimen of prednisone is 0.75 mg/kg/d (Level B). Over 12 months, prednisone 10 mg/kg/weekend is equally effective (Level B), with no long-term data available. Prednisone 0.75 mg/kg/d is associated with significant risk of weight gain, hirsutism, and cushingoid appearance (Level B).
A system for time-sharing graphic consoles (1966)

There is a large class of problems whose solution statements, in their most natural form, involve not only operation of verbal algorithms on easily defined data, but also provide assistance and prompting to a man "in-the-loop" that enables him to give information or data which may otherwise be inaccessible or not easily described. The advent of developments in the area of graphic hardware provided the necessary environment which allows for implementation of problem-solution statements which include provisions for human intervention. In order to economically justify human intervention, it is necessary, first, that there be sufficient problems of this type requiring a solution. Once this demand becomes apparent, it is further necessary that a system for sharing a single high-speed computer among several human operators be made available. Such a system, which provides for time-sharing (with good response characteristics) a single central processing unit among several graphic display consoles, is the subject of this paper.
SAGA BigJob: An Extensible and Interoperable Pilot-Job Abstraction for Distributed Applications and Systems (2010)

The uptake of distributed infrastructures by scientific applications has been limited by the availability of extensible, pervasive and simple-to-use abstractions which are required at multiple levels development, deployment and execution stages of scientific applications. The Pilot-Job abstraction has been shown to be an effective abstraction to address many requirements of scientific applications. Specifically, Pilot-Jobs support the decoupling of workload submission from resource assignment; this results in a flexible execution model, which in turn enables the distributed scale-out of applications on multiple and possibly heterogeneous resources. Most Pilot-Job implementations however, are tied to a specific infrastructure. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a SAGA-based Pilot-Job, which supports a wide range of application types, and is usable over a broad range of infrastructures, i.e., it is general-purpose and extensible, and as we will argue is also interoperable with Clouds. We discuss how the SAGA-based Pilot-Job is used for different application types and supports the concurrent usage across multiple heterogeneous distributed infrastructure, including concurrent usage across Clouds and traditional Grids/Clusters. Further, we show how Pilot-Jobs can help to support dynamic execution models and thus, introduce new opportunities for distributed applications. We also demonstrate for the first time that we are aware of, the use of multiple Pilot-Job implementations to solve the same problem; specifically, we use the SAGA-based Pilot-Job on high-end resources such as the TeraGrid and the native Condor Pilot-Job (Glide-in) on Condor resources. Importantly both are invoked via the same interface without changes at the development or deployment level, but only an execution (run-time) decision
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy specific for small cell lung cancer cells using a Myc-Max binding motif (2001)

Recent clinical trials of gene therapy for patients with thoracic cancers have shown that these treatments were well tolerated with minimal side effects and that we need to further enhance specificity as well as efficiency of gene transfer to target cancer cells. We previously reported that myc-overexpressing SCLC cell lines became selectively sensitive to ganciclovir (GCV) by transducing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene under the control of the Myc-Max response elements (a core nucleotide sequence, CACGTG) and that this construct (MycTK) could be utilized to develop a novel treatment against chemo-radio-resistant SCLC. We report here in vivo antitumor effects and safety of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector containing the Myc-Max binding motif (AdMycTK) on SCLC cells. In vitro infection with AdMycTK selectively rendered myc-overexpressing SCLC cell lines 63- to 307-fold more sensitive to GCV. In vivo injections with AdMycTK followed by GCV administration markedly suppressed the growth of myc-overexpressing tumors established in the subcutis or in the peritoneal cavity of athymic mice. On the other hand, infection with AdMycTK did not significantly affect either in vitro GCV sensitivity of the cells expressing very low levels of the myc genes or the growth of their subcutaneous tumors. Moreover, we observed no apparent side effects of this treatment including body weight loss or biochemical abnormalities in contrast to the treatment with AdCATK that conferred strong but nonspecific expression of the HSV-TK gene. These results suggested that AdMycTK/GCV therapy is effective on SCLC patients whose tumors overexpress myc family oncogenes.
Dependence of Hypothalamic Obesity on Insulin, the Pituitary and the Adrenal Gland11 (1972)

The obesity which follows destruction of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus of rats is accompanied by hyperphagia and hypersecretion of insulin. The effects of weight gain after ventromedial lesions were examined after hypophysectomy, after adrenalectomy and in rats in which the secretory function of the (3-cells had been destroyed with streptozotocin. Mature female rats received streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) intravenously: a) prior to hypothalamic injury; b) 7 days following hypothalamic injury; or c) after the rats had already become obese following hypothalamic damage. Weight gain of lesioned rats was not impaired by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. Treatment of lesioned-hypophysectomized rats with growth hormone prevented most of the increase in weight. Cortisone treatment of adrenalectomized rats with lesions had no significant effect. Both lesioned and control rats lost weight following treatment with streptozotocin until supplemental insulin was given. Body weight of all animals was maintained by daily injection of insulin (1 U/100 g body weight). With a dose of 2 U/100 g, body lesioned and control diabetic rats gained weight at similar rates. Food intake varied with the dosage of insulin in both lean diabetic and hypothalamic injured diabetic rats. Increasing insulin doses increased food intake and weight gain in both lean and VMN rats. The identical response of streptozotocin-treated control and VMN lesioned rats to insulin suggests that the obesity which follows hypothalamic damage results directly from a hypersecretion of insulin which in turn induces a secondary hyperphagia. (Endocrinology90: 885, 1972)
How Temperature Changes Reset a Circadian Oscillator (1998)

Circadian rhythms control many physiological activities. The environmental entrainment of rhythms involves the immediate responses of clock components. Levels of the clock protein FRQ were measured in Neurospora at various temperatures; at higher temperatures, the amount of FRQ oscillated around higher levels. Absolute FRQ amounts thus identified different times at different temperatures, so temperature shifts corresponded to shifts in clock time without immediate synthesis or turnover of components. Moderate temperature changes could dominate light-to-dark shifts in the influence of circadian timing. Temperature regulation of clock components could explain temperature resetting of rhythms and how single transitions can initiate rhythmicity from characteristic circadian phases.
Interaction of Soft and Hard Intraocular Lenses with Cat Cornea Endothelium (1982)

Hydrophobic hard intraocular lenses (IOL) and hydrophilic hard and soft IOLs were implanted in the eyes of 21 adult cats. During surgery, a 45-second purposeful contact was made between the lens surface and the cornea endothelium. The cats were followed for 6 weeks, sacrificed, and the corneas were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobic hard lenses produced permanent corneal edema and SEM revealed large areas of damaged endothelial cells. A slight cornea epithelial edema was evident in the first 2 weeks postoperative in eyes with hard hydrophilic lens implants. Soft lenses caused mild iritis and striate keratopathy that lasted from 2 to 6 weeks. SEM revealed numerous microvilli but no damage to the cell membranes. These results suggest that hydrophilic surfaces produce less endothelium damage. Whether the ocular inflammation caused by soft hydrophilic lenses is the result of inherent properties of the material or the result of material impurity needs further investigation.
Signal Space Separation Method for a Biomagnetic Sensor Array Arranged on a Flat Plane for Magnetocardiographic Applications: A Computer Simulation Study (2018)

Although the signal space separation (SSS) method can successfully suppress interference/artifacts overlapped onto magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals, the method is considered inapplicable to data from nonhelmet-type sensor arrays, such as the flat sensor arrays typically used in magnetocardiographic (MCG) applications. This paper shows that the SSS method is still effective for data measured from a (nonhelmet-type) array of sensors arranged on a flat plane. By using computer simulations, it is shown that the optimum location of the origin can be determined by assessing the dependence of signal and noise gains of the SSS extractor on the origin location. The optimum values of the parameters <i>L<sub>C</sub></i> and <i>L<sub>D</sub></i> , which, respectively, indicate the truncation values of the multipole-order ℓ of the internal and external subspaces, are also determined by evaluating dependences of the signal, noise, and interference gains (i.e., the shield factor) on these parameters. The shield factor exceeds 10<sup>4</sup> for interferences originating from fairly distant sources. However, the shield factor drops to approximately 100 when calibration errors of 0.1% exist and to 30 when calibration errors of 1% exist. The shielding capability can be significantly improved using vector sensors, which measure the <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, and <i>z</i> components of the magnetic field. With 1% calibration errors, a vector sensor array still maintains a shield factor of approximately 500. It is found that the SSS application to data from flat sensor arrays causes a distortion in the signal magnetic field, but it is shown that the distortion can be corrected by using an SSS-modified sensor lead field in the voxel space analysis.
An algorithm for the computation of binary logarithms (1991)

The author presents a simple algorithm for the computation of the base-2 logarithm of a given binary number. The concept can be easily extended to base-N. Unlike other methods, this is not a curve fitting of the base-2 logarithm of a given binary number. The algorithm constitutes a simple step-by-step, bit-by-bit, computation of the logarithm of binary numbers. It can be easily implemented in simple microcode, and offers precision that is proportional to the number of performed iterations. Thus, it asymptotically converges to the true logarithm of the given number.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential p63 and p53 Expression in Human Keloid Fibroblasts and Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts (2007)

The p63 gene belongs to the p53 gene family and encodes for sequence-specific transcription factors. p63 has been characterized primarily in the context of epidermis where is implicated in the establishment of keratinocyte cell fate and in maintenance of epithelial self-renewal. DeltaNp63 isoform has been showed to be involved in several kinds of human tumors of epidermal origin, even nonmalignant, for the neoplastic and proliferative potential. Here, we report the differential expression and the cellular localization of the DeltaNp63 isoform in fibroblasts isolated from human keloids and hypertrophic scars compared to normal skin. Differently from hypertrophic scar, our results show that DeltaNp63 has a nuclear localization and is overexpressed only in keloid fibroblasts, suggesting an essential role of DeltaNp63 in vivo in human keloids. Consistent with our results, we hypothesize that DeltaNp63 overexpression may be oncogenic because of its ability to block the activity of p53 since p53 is underexpressed in fibroblasts from keloids.
Quantification of the Concentration of Aβ42 Propagons during the Lag Phase by an Amyloid Chain Reaction Assay (2013)

The aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide, Aβ42, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by a lag phase followed by a rapid growth phase. Conventional methods to study this reaction are not sensitive to events taking place early in the lag phase promoting the assumption that only monomeric or oligomeric species are present at early stages and that the lag time is defined by the primary nucleation rate only. Here we exploit the high sensitivity of chemical chain reactions to the reagent composition to develop an assay which improves by 2 orders of magnitude the detection limit of conventional bulk techniques and allows the concentration of fibrillar Aβ42 propagons to be detected and quantified even during the lag time. The method relies on the chain reaction multiplication of a small number of initial fibrils by secondary nucleation on the fibril surface in the presence of monomeric peptides, allowing the quantification of the number of initial propagons by comparing the multiplication reaction kinetics with controlled seeding data. The quantitative results of the chain reaction assay are confirmed by qualitative transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results demonstrate the nonlinearity of the aggregation process which involves both primary and secondary nucleation events even at the early stages of the reaction during the lag-phase.
Succinct Trees in Practice (2010)

We implement and compare the major current techniques for representing general trees in succinct form. This is important because a general tree of n nodes is usually represented in pointer form, requiring O(n log n) bits, whereas the succinct representations we study require just 2n + o(n) bits and carry out many sophisticated operations in constant time. Yet, there is no exhaustive study in the literature comparing the practical magnitudes of the o(n)-space and the O(1)-time terms. The techniques can be classified into three broad trends: those based on BP (balanced parentheses in preorder), those based on DFUDS (depth-first unary degree sequence), and those based on LOUDS (level-ordered unary degree sequence). BP and DFUDS require a balanced parentheses representation that supports the core operations findopen, findclose, and enclose, for which we implement and compare three major algorithmic proposals. All the tree representations require also core operations rank and select on bitmaps, which are already well studied in the literature. We show how to predict the time and space performance of most variants via combining these core operations, and also study some tree operations for which specialized implementations exist. This is especially relevant for a recent proposal (K. Sadakane and G. Navarro, SODA'10) which, although belonging to class BP, deviates from the main techniques in some cases in order to achieve constant time for the widest range of operations. We experiment over various types of real-life trees and of traversals, and conclude that the latter technique stands out as an excellent practical combination of space occupancy, time performance, and functionality, whereas others, particularly LOUDS, are still interesting in some limited-functionality niches.
Accelerating graph isomorphismqueries in a graph database usingthe GPU (2016)

Over the last decade the popularity of utilizing the parallel nature of thegraphical processing unit in general purpose problems has grown a lot. TodayGPUs are used in many different fields where one of them is the accelerationof database systems. Graph databases are a kind of database systems that havegained popularity in recent years. Such databases excel especially for datawhich is highly interconnected. Querying a graph database often requiresfinding subgraphs which structurally matches a query graph, i.e. isomorphicsubgraphs. In this thesis a method for performing subgraph isomorphism queriesnamed GPUGDA is proposed, extending previous work of GPU-accelerating subgraphisomorphism queries. The query performance of GPUGDA was evaluated andcompared to the performance of storing the same graph in Neo4j and makingqueries in Cypher, the query language of Neo4j. The results show largespeedups of up to 470x when the query graph is dense whilst performingslightly worse than Neo4j for sparse query graphs in larger databases.
Mechanism of Immunopotentiation and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants (2013)

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in preventive vaccines against infectious diseases and in preparations for allergy immunotherapy. The mechanism by which they enhance the immune response remains poorly understood. Aluminum adjuvants selectively stimulate a Th2 immune response upon injection of mice and a mixed response in human beings. They support activation of CD8 T cells, but these cells do not undergo terminal differentiation to cytotoxic T cells. Adsorption of antigens to aluminum adjuvants enhances the immune response by facilitating phagocytosis and slowing the diffusion of antigens from the injection site which allows time for inflammatory cells to accumulate. The adsorptive strength is important as high affinity interactions interfere with the immune response. Adsorption can also affect the physical and chemical stability of antigens. Aluminum adjuvants activate dendritic cells via direct and indirect mechanisms. Phagocytosis of aluminum adjuvants followed by disruption of the phagolysosome activates NLRP3-inflammasomes resulting in the release of active IL-1β and IL-18. Aluminum adjuvants also activate dendritic cells by binding to membrane lipid rafts. Injection of aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines causes the release of uric acid, DNA, and ATP from damaged cells which in turn activate dendritic cells. The use of aluminum adjuvant is limited by weak stimulation of cell-mediated immunity. This can be enhanced by addition of other immunomodulatory molecules. Adsorption of these molecules is determined by the same mechanisms that control adsorption of antigens and can affect the efficacy of such combination adjuvants. The widespread use of aluminum adjuvants can be attributed in part to the excellent safety record based on a 70-year history of use. They cause local inflammation at the injection site, but also reduce the severity of systemic and local reactions by binding biologically active molecules in vaccines.
An Automatic Light Scattering CCN Counter (1977)

An automatic instrument for the measurement of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations utilizing a thermal gradient diffusion chamber and light scattering has been developed. The concentration of droplets (activated CCN) in an illuminated volume is determined by the measurement of the peak light intensity scattered at 45°. The CCN concentration is linearly related to the scattered light signal at a fixed supersaturation S, but the sensitivity exhibits an S0.55 dependence over a range of supersaturations. Calibration of the system against the photographic method verifies the linear dependence of scattered light on number concentration. The main features of the system are the automatic sampling, measurement and recording of CCN droplet concentration by means of scattered light with the capability of direct calibration by means of the photographic method. Results from four days of continuous hourly measurements of the CCN spectra show the influence of meteorological events on CCN. Included in the data are a frontal passage, fog formation and dissipation, and the occurrence of a nocturnal peak.