gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression, protein kinase activity, and terminal differentiation of human malignant epidermal cells. (1989)

A number of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-resistant clones have been isolated from human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells (I. King and A. C. Sartorelli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 140: 837, 1986). These cells had a higher capacity to enter a pathway of terminal differentiation, as determined by their ability to form cornified envelopes. Thus, after 6 days in culture, 10% of parental A431 cells expressed a differentiated phenotype, while more than 50% of each of the EGF-resistant variants (M1, A5, and A7) formed cornified envelopes. These EGF-resistant clones expressed fewer EGF receptors and had a lower capacity for EGF receptor autophosphorylation than parental A431 cells. Clone M1 had the highest capacity to form cornified cell envelopes and expressed about 10% of the EGF receptor autophosphorylation activity of parental cells. The decrease in the level of EGF receptor autophosphorylation appeared to be due to a decrease in EGF receptor number rather than to a lowering of enzyme activity per se. Southern analysis demonstrated that all of the EGF-resistant variants contained fewer copies of the EGF receptor gene and no apparent gene rearrangement was detected in these variant cells. A corresponding decrease in EGF receptor mRNA was also observed in M1, A5, and A7 cells, with a ratio of 18:1:10:5 for A431, M1, A5, and A7 cells, respectively. In addition, two other malignant epithelial cell lines, SqCC/Y1 and FaDu, contained relatively few copies of EGF receptor genes, had low EGF receptor kinase activity and showed a relatively high capacity to form cornified envelopes. These findings suggest that the level of the EGF receptor was critical to the regulation of the degree of maturation of malignant epidermal cells.
Genetic Diversity of Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria in an Acidophilic Ethanol-H<sub>2</sub>-Coproducing System, Analyzed Using the [Fe]-Hydrogenase Gene (2007)

Hydrogen gas (H2) produced by bacterial fermentation of biomass can be a sustainable energy source. The ability to produce H2 gas during anaerobic fermentation was previously thought to be restricted to a few species within the genera Clostridium and Enterobacter. This work reports genomic evidence for the presence of novel H2-producing bacteria (HPB) in acidophilic ethanol-H2-coproducing communities that were enriched using molasses wastewater. The majority of the enriched dominant populations in the acidophilic ethanol-H2-coproducing system were affiliated with low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, based on the 16S rRNA gene. However, PCR primers designed to specifically target bacterial hydA yielded 17 unique hydA sequences whose amino acid sequences differed from those of known HPB. The putative ethanol-H2-coproducing bacteria comprised 11 novel phylotypes closely related to Ethanoligenens harbinense, Clostridium thermocellum, and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. Furthermore, analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme also pointed to an E. harbinense-like organism, which is known to have a high conversion rate of carbohydrate to H2 and ethanol. We also found six novel HPB that were associated with lactate-, propionate-, and butyrate-oxidizing bacteria in the acidophilic H2-producing sludge. Thus, the microbial ecology of mesophilic and acidophilic H2 fermentation involves many other bacteria in addition to Clostridium and Enterobacter.
Process for Making High-Strength Plaster of Paris (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcess for Making High-Strength Plaster of ParisJ. J. Eberl and Alvin R. IngramCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 5, 1061–1065Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50473a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50473a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Derecho de sociedades en la Ley 2/2011, de 4 de marzo, de Economía Sostenible (2011)

La Ley de Economia Sostenible tan solo reforma un articulo de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital (art. 497) y hace un par de modificaciones en un articulo de la Ley de Cooperativas [art. 93.2.d) y 93.4]. Otras medidas introducidas durante los debates parlamentarios por la via de las enmiendas no prosperaron. Ademas, las principales disposiciones que iban incluidas en el proyecto de Ley se extrajeron de el y fueron aprobadas por via urgente, dando lugar al RDL 13/2010. En cualquier caso, el proceso de reforma para la simplificacion y agilizacion de constitucion de empresas no ha culminado, tal como indica la disposicion final 60.a, por lo que habra que esperar a proximas intervenciones del legislador.
The Flash Points of the Butylacetate+2-Propanol System Measured By Air Blowing Tester (2003)

The lower and upper flash points of the flammable binary system, butylacetate+2-propanol were measured by air blowing tester. The shape of the concentration-temperature region of flash depended on the components of the mixture in solution. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the reduced model under an ideal solution assumption and the flash point-prediction models based on Van Laar equation. Good qualitative agreement was obtained with these models. The prediction results of these models can thus be applied to incorporate inherently safer design for chemical process, such as the determination of the safe storage conditions for flammable solutions.
Facilitating testing and debugging of Markov Decision Processes with interactive visualization (2015)

Researchers in AI and Operations Research employ the framework of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to formalize problems of sequential decision making under uncertainty. A common approach is to implement a simulator of the stochastic dynamics of the MDP and a Monte Carlo optimization algorithm that invokes this simulator to solve the MDP. The resulting software system is often realized by integrating several systems and functions that are collectively subject to failures of specification, implementation, integration, and optimization. We present these failures as queries for a computational steering visual analytic system (MDPVIS). MDPVIS addresses three visualization research gaps. First, the data acquisition gap is addressed through a general simulator-visualization interface. Second, the data analysis gap is addressed through a generalized MDP information visualization. Finally, the cognition gap is addressed by exposing model components to the user. MDPVIS generalizes a visualization for wildfire management. We use that problem to illustrate MDPVIS.
Synthesis and Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials utilizing Microwave Heating (2015)

Microwave-assisted synthesis and processing represents a growing field in materials research and successfully entered the field of carbon nanomaterials during the last decade. Due to the strong interaction of carbon materials with microwave radiation, fast heating rates and localized heating can be achieved. These features enable the acceleration of reaction processes, as well as the formation of nanostructures with special morphologies. A comprehensive overview is provided here on the possibilities and achievements in the field of carbon-nanomaterial research when using microwave-based heating approaches. This includes the synthesis and processing of carbon nanotubes and fibers, graphene materials, carbon nanoparticles, and capsules, as well as porous carbon materials. Additionally, the principles of microwave-heating, in particular of carbon materials, are introduced and important issues, i.e., safety and reproducibility, are discussed.
[The Nelson syndrome. Early diagnosis of minimal alterations of the sella turcica (author's transl)]. (1978)

In Nelson Syndrome it is most important to reveal minimal alterations of the sella turcica in an early stage of the disease with pigmentation of the scar and light exposed areas of the skin. The lateral hypocycloidal tomography should be preferred. The early diagnosis may give information about the indication of a medical supressor treatment.
Induction of chemokines and chemokine receptors CCR2b and CCR4 in authentic human osteoclasts differentiated with RANKL and osteoclast like cells differentiated by MCP‐1 and RANTES (2005)

Chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES are induced when authentic bone resorbing human osteoclasts differentiate from monocyte precursors in vitro. In addition, MCP-1 and RANTES can stimulate the differentiation of cells with the visual appearance of osteoclasts, being multinuclear and positive for tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP +). We show here that MIP1alpha is also potently induced by RANKL during human osteoclast differentiation and that this chemokine also induces the formation of TRAP + multinucleated cells in the absence of RANKL. MIP1alpha was able to overcome the potent inhibition of GM-CSF on osteoclast differentiation, permitting the cells to pass through to TRAP + multinuclear cells, however these were unable to form resorption pits. Chemokine receptors CCR2b and CCR4 were potently induced by RANKL (12.6- and 49-fold, P = 4.0 x 10(-7) and 4.0 x 10(-8), respectively), while CCR1 and CCR5 were not regulated. Chemokine treatment in the absence of RANKL also induced MCP-1, RANTES and MIP1alpha. Unexpectedly, treatment with MCP-1 in the absence of RANKL resulted in 458-fold induction of CCR4 (P = 1.0 x 10(-10)), while RANTES treatment resulted in twofold repression (P = 1.0 x 10(-4)). Since CCR2b and CCR4 are MCP-1 receptors, these data support the existence of an MCP-1 autocrine loop in human osteoclasts differentiated using RANKL.
Efficient Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Functional Cerebellar-Like Cells (2010)

The cerebellum has critical roles in motor and sensory learning and motor coordination. Many cerebellum-related disorders indicate cell therapy as a possible treatment of neural loss. Here we show that application of inductive signals involved in early patterning of the cerebellar region followed by application of different factors directs human embryonic stem cell differentiation into cerebellar-like cells such as granule neurons, Purkinje cells, interneuron, and glial cells. Neurons derived using our protocol showed a T-shaped polarity phenotype and express similar markers to the developed human cerebellum. Electrophysiological measurements confirmed functional electrical properties compatible with these cells. In vivo implantation of differentiated human embryonic stem cells transfected with MATH1-GFP construct into neonatal mice resulted in cell migration across the molecular and the Purkinje cell layers and settlement in the internal molecular layers. Our findings demonstrate that the universal mechanisms involved in the development of cerebellum can be efficiently recapitulated in vitro, which enables the design of new strategies for cell replacement therapy, to study early human development and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Optimization of sensor response functions for colorimetry of reflective and emissive objects (2002)

This paper describes the design of color filters for a surface color measurement device. The function of the device is to return the XYZ tristimulus vector characterizing the color of the surface. The device is designed to measure emissive as well as reflective surfaces. It uses an internal set of LEDs to illuminate reflective surfaces while characterizing their color under assumed standard illuminants. In the design of the filters, we formulate a nonlinear optimization problem with the goal of minimizing error in the uniform color space CIE L*a*b*. Our optimization criteria employs a technique to retain a linear structure while approximating the true L*a*b* error. In addition, our solution is regularized to account for system noise, filter roughness and filter implementation errors. Experimental results indicate average and worst case device accuracy of 0.27 L*a*b* /spl Delta/E units and 1.56 L*a*b* /spl Delta/E units for a "system tolerance" of 0.0005.
Systematic behavioral modeling of nonlinear microwave/RF circuits in the time domain using techniques from nonlinear dynamical systems (2005)

A powerful and systematic approach to behavioral modeling of nonlinear microwave/RF circuits in the time domain is presented, integrating several techniques from nonlinear dynamical systems analysis. Algorithms based on information-theoretic principles help determine efficient tradeoffs between model accuracy, speed, and complexity. Models are constructed from large-signal microwave measurements or simulations, and are integrated into a commercial nonlinear circuit simulator. A simulation speedup of more than an order of magnitude has been achieved.
Exogenous Electric Current Can Reduce the Formation of Hypertrophic Scars (1989)

Exogenous electric current has been shown to influence the healing of wounds in both human subjects and animal models. We examined the effect of positive polarity electrical stimulation on the resultant scar thickness of surgically induced wounds, and report that electrotherapy can reduce scar thickness and hypertrophic scar formation.
Driving Circuitry for Focused Ultrasound Noninvasive Surgery and Drug Delivery Applications (2011)

Recent works on focused ultrasound (FUS) have shown great promise for cancer therapy. Researchers are continuously trying to improve system performance, which is resulting in an increased complexity that is more apparent when using multi-element phased array systems. This has led to significant efforts to reduce system size and cost by relying on system integration. Although ideas from other fields such as microwave antenna phased arrays can be adopted in FUS, the application requirements differ significantly since the frequency range used in FUS is much lower. In this paper, we review recent efforts to design efficient power monitoring, phase shifting and output driving techniques used specifically for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
A New Generator for Ultrafine Aerosols Below 10 nm (1987)

A new aerosol generator for particles below 10 nm is presented. Its working principle is based on an evaporation and subsequent cooling process in a mixing jet. A theoretical evaluation of this generation process allows the determination of the influence of key parameters on the concentration expected and, moreover, facilitates the prediction of the final particle size and distribution function. The experimental verification shows good agreement with the theoretical prediction for the particle size and distribution width.
Importin 13 Regulates Nuclear Import of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Airway Epithelial Cells (2006)

Antiinflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are critical to treatment of airway inflammation in such common disorders as asthma. There is considerable variation in responsiveness to glucocorticoid, and prolonged exposure can result in glucocorticoid resistance. We cloned LGL2, a glucocorticoid-inducible gene in fetal rat lung. We described the characterization of lgl2 as a nuclear transport protein, classified as importin 13 (IPO13), and demonstrated developmental regulation of IPO13 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. We now report on the identification of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a cargo substrate for IPO13. Binding of GR and IPO13 was demonstrated by GR-GST pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation. To investigate the role of IPO13 in modulating GR signaling in the lung, we studied IPO13-regulated GR transport in airway epithelial cells. Small interfering RNAs that inhibited IPO13 synthesis prevented nuclear translocation of GR. Silencing of IPO13 also abrogated the ability of cortisol to inhibit synthesis of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 after stimulation with TNF-alpha. Our findings support a role for IPO13 in promoting nuclear occupancy of GR in a way that strongly potentiates the antiinflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. We speculate that variation in cellular levels of IPO13 and intracellular IPO13 shuttling rates may contribute to glucocorticoid resistance.
Three types of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: bioactivities and half-lives (1983)

Three types of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) that differ in the acetyl status of the N-terminal serine have been found in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and in the brain: desacetyl alpha MSH, which lacks an acetyl group; monoacetyl alpha MSH, in which the amino group of the serine is acetylated; and diacetyl alpha MSH, in which both amino and hydroxy groups of the serine are acetylated. We compared the lipolytic and melanotropic actions of these three peptides, and their rates of disappearance from plasma, both in vitro and in vivo. The following differences were found. a) For in vitro lipolytic actions on rabbit adipose tissue slices, the potencies differed according to the order diacetyl = monoacetyl greater than desacetyl. On rabbit isolated adipocytes, however, the three peptides were equipotent. b) For in vivo lipolytic action in the rabbit, not only potency but also kinetics differed. Diacetyl alpha MSH had the slowest onset, longest duration, and greatest potency. The desacetyl variant had the quickest onset, shortest duration, and least potency. c) The half-life for elimination from rabbit plasma both in vitro and in vivo was shortest for the desacetyl form and longest for the diacetyl peptide. d) For in vitro melanotropic effect on frog skin, kinetics of action were the same for all three peptides, but potency differed according to the order diacetyl = monoacetyl greater than desacetyl. Thus acetylation of alpha MSH alters lipolytic and melanotropic potencies in vitro and lipolytic potency and kinetics in vivo. These differences result in part from the fact that acetylation slows the degradation of the tridecapeptide both inside and outside the circulation.
Dielectric function of quantum dots in the strong confinement regime (2010)

The complex dielectric function of quantum dots (QDs) with a core-shell structure is modeled in the strong confinement regime. These results should be useful for the design of negative epsilon optical metamaterials, where the gain due to QDs could be an essential ingredient. Using the dielectric function it is also shown that conventional expressions for the gain substantially overestimate it for narrow linewidths.
Therapeutic Implications for Immunophilin Ligands in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2003)

There is a significant unmet need for therapeutic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Given their clinical importance, prototypical molecules that clearly exhibit both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities have been highly sought after. The journey led to the exploitation of neurotrophins, a family of proteins that had extraordinary therapeutic properties in pre-clinical models of neurodegeneration. Although experimentally promising, clinical development of neurotrophins for various neurological indications, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Parkinson's Disease was met with severe obstacles and setbacks, such as the inability to deliver these large proteins to target population of neurons, instability of the proteins, and non-specific activity. Immunophilins are proteins that act as receptors for immunosuppresant drugs, i.e. FK506 (tacrolimus), cyclosporin A, and rapamycin (sirolimus, Rapamune). Studies indicate immunophilins are expressed 10-100 fold higher in CNS and PNS tissue than in immune tissue. Subsequent studies revealed potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of immunophilin ligands in both culture and animal models. In contrast to neurotrophins, most immunophilin ligands are highly stable, small molecules that can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and are orally bioavailable. Taken together, these data prompted the development of nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligands with potent therapeutic activities, although the potency of select compounds has come into question in more recent studies. This review will examine the experimental evidence supporting the use of immunophilin ligands for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and the current progression of these molecules in clinical trials.
Ideograph Variant Forms and Usage Control in NACSIS-CAT (2006)

In the 2005 CEAL meetings in Chicago, I heard from several people that UNICODE, EACC and IME problems were a current issue in the OCLC and RLIN new cataloging systems.Sometimes I was asked a question about how our NACSIS-CAT cataloging system handles these problems.Of course, NACSIS-CAT has nothing to do with EACC, though it has been using UNICODE more than five years.Still, I thought it might be helpful for American CJK catalogers to know about character set handling in NACSIS-CAT.I would be glad if you find something useful in this article.
A Visualization System for Space-Time and Multivariate Patterns (VIS-STAMP) (2006)

The research reported here integrates computational, visual, and cartographic methods to develop a geovisual analytic approach for exploring and understanding spatio-temporal and multivariate patterns. The developed methodology and tools can help analysts investigate complex patterns across multivariate, spatial, and temporal dimensions via clustering, sorting, and visualization. Specifically, the approach involves a self-organizing map, a parallel coordinate plot, several forms of reorderable matrices (including several ordering methods), a geographic small multiple display, and a 2-dimensional cartographic color design method. The coupling among these methods leverages their independent strengths and facilitates a visual exploration of patterns that are difficult to discover otherwise. The visualization system we developed supports overview of complex patterns and, through a variety of interactions, enables users to focus on specific patterns and examine detailed views. We demonstrate the system with an application to the IEEE InfoVis 2005 Contest data set, which contains time-varying, geographically referenced, and multivariate data for technology companies in the US.