gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel IL-6 Isoform Binding to the Endogenous IL-6 Receptor (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a multifunctional cytokine showing a wide variety of biologic functions on various tissues. Extracellular IL-6 signals through heterohexameric complex formation with IL-6 receptor-alpha (IL-6Ralpha) and IL-6 receptor-beta (IL-6Rbeta). In analogy to cytokines IL-2 and IL-4, we investigated the expression of IL-6 splice variants in lung tissue and cultivated fibroblasts. In human lung specimens, four different IL-6 transcripts were characterized as follows: native IL-6; IL-6 missing either exon 2 (IL-6Delta2), exon 4 (IL-6Delta4), or missing both; and exons 2 and 4 (IL-6Delta2,4). Only native IL-6 and IL-6Delta4 encoded for proteins of ~ 26 and 17 kD, respectively. Although the overall structure and most functional sites of the IL-6Delta4 protein were predicted to be maintained, IL-6Delta4 was found to lack two amino acids necessary for IL-6/IL-6 homodimerization as well as two of the six amino acids required for interaction with IL-6Rbeta. Receptor mobility shift assays confirmed that the new isoform formed a stable complex with IL-6Ralpha; however, no interaction with IL-6Rbeta was observed. Thus, IL-6Delta4 is likely to compete with native IL-6 for IL-6Ralpha binding but fails to transmit IL-6Rbeta-mediated signaling.
An Overview of the Vaccinia Virus Infectome: a Survey of the Proteins of the Poxvirus-Infected Cell (2011)

We have quantitatively profiled the proteins of vaccinia virus-infected HEK293T cells early and late during vaccinia virus infection. Proteins corresponding to 4,326 accessions were identified, the products of 3,798 genes. One hundred thirty-six of the proteins were vaccinia virus-encoded (∼64% of the known vaccinia virus proteome). The remaining accessions were from the host cell. A total of 3,403 of the 4,326 accessions could be confidently quantitated at the precursor peptide level. Although vaccinia virus gene products spanned the entire abundance dynamic range of the cellular proteome, nearly all of the proteome dynamics observed as a result of infection were manifest in the virus gene products with very little plasticity in the host cell proteome. The vaccinia virus gene products could be grouped into four kinetic classes (i.e., four combinations of pre- and postreplicative expression). These protein kinetic classes reflected, almost entirely, the corresponding gene classes within the recently characterized vaccinia virus transcriptome map. The few cellular gene products that showed notable changes in abundance upon vaccinia virus infection were concentrated largely in just a few functional groups. After all of the quantitated cellular gene products were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO)-specific groups, quantitation values for a number of these GO-specific groups were significantly skewed toward over- or underabundance with respect to the global distribution of quantitation values. Quantitative analysis of host cell functions reflected several known facets of virus infection, along with some novel observations.
Light Microscopy and Ultrastructural Studies of Sturge-Weber Disease (1982)

Different degrees of cerebral calcifications together with encephalofacial angiomatosis and seizure disorders characterize the Sturge-Weber syndrome. According to the observations reported in the literature, calcium deposits may be found in the wall of cerebral vessels, in the perivascular tissue and rarely within the neurons. Corresponding to the variety of localizations, the interpretation of the phenomenon remains obscure. Most theories postulate the role of a vascular factory and of a mesenchymal factor. Ultramicroscopic studies of the specimens obtained in 2 children with the Sturge-Weber Syndrome provided the following findings. A mucopolysaccharidic substance constitutes the substratum for the deposition of calcium. Small amounts of this substance and calcium deposits may be detected within the connective tissue of cerebral vessels precociously; later on, while increasing in size and calcium concentration, they obviously migrate to outside the vessels. Successively, the calcium deposits seem to localize around the blood vessels, In our opinion, these observations stress the role of a primitive vascular factor; consequently, anoxia, necrosis of cerebral tissues, and variation in the calcium ion concentration would act only as secondary factors.
PtCu<sub>3</sub>, PtCu and Pt<sub>3</sub>Cu Alloy Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline and Acidic Media (2012)

Dealloying of Pt bimetallic nanoparticles is a promising synthesis method to prepare highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline and acidic PEM fuel cells. We present here a structural, compositional and electrochemical characterization linked with ORR activity for carbon supported PtCu3, PtCu, and Pt3Cu alloy nanoparticles in different electrolytes and pH values. The effects of electrolyte and pH are systematically examined on the ECSA and Pt mass based activity (jmass) for various Pt-Cu alloys. We observed the formation of Cu oxide species and redissolution/redeposition of Cu species during the voltage cycling up to 1.0 V/RHE in 0.1 M KOH. In contrast, the voltage cycling in 0.1 M HClO4 immediately causes the dissolution of Cu and results in Pt-enriched particle surface. We have correlated the ECSA and mass activity with the as-synthesized composition in dependence on both electrolytes. In summary, after voltage cycling in 0.1 M HClO4 the values of jmass increase according: Pt3Cu < PtCu < PtCu3. However, after voltage cycling in 0.1 M KOH the values of jmass increase in the following trend: PtCu3 < PtCu < Pt3Cu. Only after activation process, PtCu3 core-shell catalyst shows significantly enhanced ORR activity in 0.1 M KOH compared to pure Pt.
Gold-Plated Micromachined Millimeter-Wave Resonators Based on Rectangular Coaxial Transmission Lines (2007)

Resonators based on microfabricated rectangular coaxial (recta-coax) transmission lines are presented. The resonators were fabricated using a multilayered nickel electroplating process that enables the fabrication of three-dimensional structures. As a method to improve performance, gold was plated on the resonators using an electroless process. A model for predicting the effect of the plating on a resonator quality (Q) factor is presented and verified by measurements. Measured resonators show that the plating can increase the Q factor of nickel resonators by over 50% at frequencies above 44 GHz. Utilizing gold plating, 50-Omega resonators are demonstrated at 44 and 60 GHz with unloaded Q factors of 213.1 and 242.3, respectively
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Scaffolds with Tailored Morphologies for Drug Delivery and Controlled Release (2007)

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) scaffolds are prepared by a cryogenic process that consists of the unidirectional freezing of a PVA solution. The scaffolds exhibit a microchanneled structure, the morphology of which (in terms of pore diameter, surface area, and thickness of matter accumulated between adjacent microchannels) can be finely tailored by the averaged molecular weight of PVA, the PVA concentration in the solution, and the freezing rate of the PVA solution. The resulting PVA scaffolds are suitable substrates for drug‐delivery purposes, the drug release being controlled (from tens of minutes up to several days) by the morphology of the microchanneled structure. In vitro experiments reveal the efficiency of PVA scaffolds for controlling the release of ciprofloxacin into a bacteria culture medium.
Comparing the Use of Medical Care Services by a Medically Indigent and a General Membership Population in a Comprehensive Prepaid Group Practice Program (1972)

The utilization of medical-care services by the general membership of a prepaid group practice program is compared with that of the participants of an OEO Comprehensive Neighborhood Health Center Program. This OEO program provides medical care for 1,500 urban indigent families by integrating them on a prepaid capitated basis into the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan in Portland, Oregon. Generally, the findings indicate that the rate and patterns of utilization between the two populations are essentially similar. The only major differences are: 1. that the adult males of the poverty population use a significantly higher rate of services with a high emotional component, and 2. that the poverty population fails to keep scheduled appointments at a significantly higher rate than the health plan members. The data indicate that much of the reported differences in medical care utilization between poverty groups and other sections of the general population seem to disappear when financial and other barriers are removed. Many of the reported differences in the behavior of poverty populations appear to relate to differential access to care.
miR455 is linked to hypoxia signaling and is deregulated in preeclampsia (2014)

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients with an increased risk for preeclampsia is thus one of the most important goals in obstetrics. Here we identify two related human microRNAs as potential biomarkers to detect at-risk pregnancies. We demonstrate that miR455-3P and miR455-5P are significantly downregulated in placentas from preeclampsia patients, whereas other placenta-specific microRNAs remain unaffected. microRNA target prediction and validation revealed a potential link of miR455-3P to hypoxia signaling. Together with our observation that expression levels of miR455-3P and miR455-5P are upregulated during trophoblast differentiation, our results suggest a model in which miR455-3P represses a hypoxia response that might otherwise prevent cytotrophoblasts from syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. In summary, our work reveals aberrant hypoxia signaling in preeclampsia that can be explained by deregulated expression of miR455. As miR455 has been found in circulating blood, the development of noninvasive prenatal tests enabling early diagnosis of preeclampsia may be possible.
Melanoma associated antigen (MAGE)-A3 expression in Stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer: results of a multi-center study (2003)

The MAGE-A3 expression rate showed that a promising proportion of operable patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancers are possible candidates for trials investigating adjuvant therapy with MAGE-A3 immunization. Currently, a phase two trial of adjuvant MAGE-A3 vaccination is in progress.
Borylation of Polystyrene (2008)

Polystyrene (syndiotactic, isotactic, and atactic) is functionalized with a boronate ester via iridium-catalyzed C-H activation. Without disrupting the polymer backbone, the authors are able to functionalize up to 42% of the phenyl rings with the boronate ester. This provides a handle for further functionalization as demonstrated by oxidation of the C-B bond and a Suzuki coupling. Since the molecular weights of the polymer were not affected by these reactions, higher molecular weight polymers could be accessed in this manner than would be accessible via a stereospecific co-polymerization.
Single-Chain Antibody Displayed on a Recombinant Measles Virus Confers Entry through the Tumor-Associated Carcinoembryonic Antigen (2001)

To redirect the tropism of the vaccine strain of measles virus (MV), Edmonston B, to a targeted cell population, we displayed on the viral hemagglutinin (H) a single-chain antibody (scAb) specific for the tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). We generated H fusion proteins with three forms of the scAb appended, differing in the lengths of the linkers separating the VH and VL domains and thus in the oligomerization states of the scAbs. All proteins were stable, appeared properly folded, and were transported to the cell surface, but only H displaying the long-linker form of scAb was functional in supporting cell-cell fusion. This protein induced extensive syncytia in cells expressing the normal virus receptor CD46 and also in CD46-negative cells expressing the targeted receptor, human CEA. Replication-competent MV with H replaced by H displaying the long-linker form of scAb was recovered and replicated efficiently in both CD46-positive and CD46-negative, CEA-positive cells. Thus, MV not only tolerates the addition of a scAb on its H protein but also infects cells via a novel interaction between the scAb and its targeted receptor.
A high-performance object-oriented memory (1993)

The proposed design places a high-performance object memory in a portable peripheral that relieves the host CPU of the burden of object address translation and the constant management of live objects. This flexible approach is designed for the newest generation of high-performance workstations running 32-bit Smalltalk, Lisp, C++ and other COP (object oriented programming) environments. With a two-layer cache and 50ns DRAM object memory, the hardware is capable of accessing object data (including bounds and protection checking) in less than 20ns. Objects are allocated or freed in under 500ns using a hardware binary buddy algorithm.
Toxicity and Residual Effectiveness of Insecticides on Insecticide-Treated Spheres for Controlling Females of<i>Rhagoletis pomonella</i>(Diptera: Tephritidae) (2000)

This study evaluated the toxicity of five technical-grade insecticides of four different classes to apple maggot females, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), following a 10-min exposure period in insecticide-coated glass jars, with or without a feeding stimulant (sucrose) present. According to LC90 values for toxicity by ingestion and tarsal contact, imidacloprid was 1.5 times more toxic than dimethoate or abamectin, diazinon was less toxic, and phloxine B (a phototoxic dye) least toxic. Based on LC90 values for tarsal contact alone, dimethoate was 2.3, 4.0, and 18.4 times more toxic than imidacloprid, abamectin, and diazinon, respectively. Contact alone with phloxine B caused no mortality. When exposure was assessed using spheres coated with a latex paint mixture containing sucrose and formulated dimethoate (Digon 400 EC) or imidacloprid (Provado 1.6 F) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 g (AI)/cm2, both insecticides showed reduced effectiveness compared with toxicities from glass jar tests, with Digon two times more toxic than Provado. After exposure to artificial rainfall and retreatment with sucrose, Digon- and Provado-treated spheres exhibited greatest residual effectiveness, with diazinon-treated spheres less effective. Spheres treated with formulated abamectin (Agri-Mek 0.15 EC) at 1.0% (AI) performed only slightly better than phloxine B-treated spheres, which completely lost effectiveness after exposure to rainfall. Spheres treated with formulated imidacloprid (Merit 75 WP) at 1.5% (AI) showed equal or better residual efficacy in killing apple maggot flies (> 80% mortality, shorter lethal duration of feeding) over a 12-wk exposure period to outdoor weather than spheres treated with Digon at 1.0% (AI) after both types were retreated with sucrose. Our results indicate that imidacloprid is a promising safe substitute for dimethoate as a fly killing agent on lure-kill spheres. Imidacloprid formulated as Merit 75 WP had greater residual efficacy than imidacloprid formulated as Provado 1.6 F.
Denitrogenation of Transportation Fuels by Zeolites at Ambient Temperature and Pressure (2004)

Cleaner fuels: Preferential adsorption of organonitrogen compounds from commercial diesel can be achieved by using a Faujasite zeolite in which Cu ions occupy the 6-ring windows sites. The key to this denitrogenation process is π complexation with the CuI ion, as illustrated for pyrrole. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53162_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Acute effects of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on the pregnant ewe and fetus (1992)

After control measurements had been made, 15 chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (gestational age 123-141 days) were given 15 mg of captopril intravenously followed by an infusion of 6 mg/h. These doses blocked the pressor responses of both ewes and fetuses to 5 micrograms of angiotensin I. After captopril, maternal mean arterial pressure fell from 94 +/- 3.5 to 88 +/- 3.6 (SE) mmHg (P less than 0.0001) and pulse interval fell (P = 0.008). Maternal flow to the cotyledons fell from 766 +/- 118 to 525 +/- 77 ml/min (P = 0.002), as did flow to the remainder of the maternal placenta, i.e., the caruncles and their underlying myoendometrium (control flow 188 +/- 35 ml/min, flow 10-15 min after captopril 166 +/- 36.1 ml/min; P = 0.021). Flow to the rest of the myometrium did not change. Fetal arterial pressure fell from 46.9 +/- 1.6 to 44.1 +/- 1.6 mmHg (P less than 0.009), and fetal placental blood flow fell from 639.9 +/- 93.2 to 413.1 +/- 53.9 ml/min (P = 0.025). Flow to the fetal membranes declined also, from 53.2 +/- 6.5 to 35.6 +/- 3.3 ml/min (P less than 0.005). Maternal and fetal renal blood flows and fetal adrenal blood flows were unchanged. Fetal arterial PO2 was initially 19.5 +/- 0.8 mmHg; after captopril, it was 17.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg (P = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Independent and interactive effects of preload and afterload on the pump function of the isolated lymphangion (2012)

We tested the responses of single, isolated lymphangions to selective changes in preload and the effects of changing preload on the response to an imposed afterload. The methods used were similar to those described in our companion paper. Step-wise increases in input pressure (P(in); preload) over a pressure range between 0.5 and 3 cmH(2)O, at constant output pressure (P(out)), led to increases in end-diastolic diameter, decreases in end-systolic diameter, and increases in stroke volume. From a baseline of 1 cmH(2)O, P(in) elevation by 2-7 cmH(2)O consistently produced an immediate fall in stroke volume that subsequently recovered over a time course of 2-3 min. Surprisingly, this adaptation was associated with an increase in the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, indicative of an increase in contractility. Lymphangions subjected to P(out) levels exceeding their initial ejection limit would often accommodate by increasing diastolic filling to strengthen contraction sufficiently to match P(out). The lymphangion adaptation to various pressure combinations (P(in) ramps with low or high levels of P(out), P(out) ramps at low or intermediate levels of P(in), and combined P(in) + P(out) ramps) were analyzed using pressure-volume data to calculate stroke work. Under relatively low imposed loads, stroke work was maximal at low preloads (P(in) ∼2 cmH(2)O), whereas at more elevated afterloads, the optimal preload for maximal work displayed a broad plateau over a P(in) range of 5-11 cmH(2)O. These results provide new insights into the normal operation of the lymphatic pump, its comparison with the cardiac pump, and its potential capacity to adapt to increased loads during edemagenic and/or gravitational stress.
Using Data Analytics to Improve Drilling Rate of Penetration (2020)

Abstract It takes an average of 7 days to drill through the Travis Peak formation in the southern Haynesville basin. The objective of this paper was to improve the rate of penetration (ROP) and therefore reduce the time taken to drill through this formation. Machine learning and regression models were applied to electronic drilling record data and identified that the auto-driller ROP setpoint was the most influential variable ROP for wells drilled in the Travis Peak formation. This finding was corroborated during field visits with well site leaders and drillers with the discovery that ROP was being used as the controlling setpoint in the auto-driller system for drilling in the Travis Peak and Calvin Sand formations. After discussion with the rig provider, a new set of auto-driller parameters was proposed using weight on bit as the controlling setpoint with the objective of increasing the rate of penetration. The new auto-driller parameter roadmap was piloted on two wells. ROP performance for these two wells was significantly better than the nearest offset and other offsets in the nearby area. The drilling team estimate about two days per well time saved as a result of the improved ROP.
<title>Improved optical positioning for GPR-based structure mapping</title> (2002)

Existing positioning technologies used in conjunction with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) are generally too time-consuming or insufficiently accurate for high resolution, high frequency, 3-d structural investigations. In this paper we present an optical positioning system for use in GPR surveys. This system uses a camera mounted on the GPR antenna that takes video of the surface beneath it and calculates the relative motion of the antenna based on the differences between successive frames of video. Positioning using this technology can provide positioning accuracy to within several millimeters. Because the antenna can be moved free hand the procedure is orders of magnitude faster than surveying a grid of data points or laying out parallel lines and surveying each line with an antenna and odometer wheel. Time domain synthetic aperture radar algorithms reconstruct an image of the subsurface using this data. This is a new technology, but one which has potential for future research, improvements, and practical use.
The Effects of Ionic Strength on Termination of Transcription of DNAs from Bacteriophages T4, T5 and T7 by DNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerase from <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and the Nature of Termination by Factor ρ (1973)

Ionic strength influences (a) the equilibrium between the monomeric and the dimeric form of DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli , in the free state, (b) the primary binding of the enzyme to sites on the template, (c) the velocity of a state transition involved in initiation and (d) termination (or block) of transcription. On T7‐ and T5‐DNA transcription is terminated, with release of the transcript, at both high and low ionic strength at the same sites but the enzyme is released only at high ionic strength allowing reinitiation whereas at low salt concentration the complex of enzyme with terminator and σ does not dissociate. On T4‐DNA transcription at low ionic strength is arrested at a class of low‐ionic‐strength blocking sites without release of the transcript. In the presence of “termination factor”ϱ and ϰ at low ionic strength transcription of T4, T5 and T7‐DNA is arrested at another class of blocking sites again without release of the transcript. The average relative positions of the three different types of blocking sites between the initiation site and the terminator have been determined for T 4 ‐DNA. Implications of these results are discussed.