gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Photocatalysis Mediated by Colloidal II‐VI Nanocrystals (2012)

The use of photoexcited electrons and holes in semiconductor nanocrystals as reduction and oxidation reagents is an intriguing way of harvesting photon energy to drive chemical reactions. This review focuses on recent research efforts to understand and control the photocatalytic processes mediated by colloidal II-VI nanocrystalline materials, such as cadmium and zinc chalcogenides. First, we highlight how nanocrystal properties govern the rates and efficiencies of charge-transfer processes relevant to photocatalysis. We then describe the use of nanocrystal catalyst heterostructures for fuel-forming reactions, most commonly H<sub>2</sub> generation. Finally, we review the use of nanocrystal photocatalysis as a synthetic tool for metal-semiconductor nano-heterostructures.
Why Grammar Drills Are Obsolete (1953)

Why Grammar Drills Are Obsolete Get access William D. Baker William D. Baker 1Director, Writing Improvement Service, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 3, Issue 2, November 1953, Pages 102–104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1953.tb01084.x Published: 07 February 2006
Planar n-SI-n heterostructure athermal InP (110) optical modulator (2014)

We report an athermal InP (110) optical modulator with a simple planar n-SI-n heterostructure. A symmetrical push-pull operation provides a high-extinction ratio of >25 dB over the entire C-band and zero-chirp modulation. A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator (MZM) exhibits a 3 dB-EO bandwidth of 30 GHz and 40-Gb/s NRZ high-speed modulation with wavelength and temperature insensitive operation. We also successfully demonstrate an MZM integrated twin-IQ modulator that exhibits 56-Gb/s × 2 athermal QPSK modulation at constant drive and bias voltages.
New trends for diagnosis and treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (2017)

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), occurring in approximately 0.3% to 3% of all cases. With growing populations and increasing age, this kind of pathology is worldwide growing its social and economic effects. Many risk factors have been identified but a proper and accurate diagnosis and choice of treatment seem to be characterized by an enormous evolution. Diagnostic features such as clinical and radiological elements are loosening their predictive value. New biomarkers and molecular elements seem to be more precise and accurate in confirming PJI. Anyway, lots of them are still under study. About treatments, decisions of surgeons should not be related to their experience or preference, but every choice should have proper indications. Double-stage treatments should be practiced only in few conditions. Cheaper management such as irrigation or single-stage surgery can be considered for several conditions.
Molecular markers of hemostatic disorders: implications in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of thrombotic and bleeding disorders. (1983)

With current technological advances, it is now possible to measure in less than 50 microL of plasma picomolar amounts of circulating products of platelet activation, products of protease activation related to coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways, and prostaglandin metabolites formed during a physiologic or pathologic process. Most of these markers, which circulate in blood in nanogram or picogram amounts per milliliter during or after pathologic activation, provide pertinent information on the status of a patient in terms of specificity and early detection, and will be of crucial value in the diagnosis of hemostatic defects and the management of newer antithrombotic drugs that cannot be monitored by currently available assays. Currently, 125I- and 3H-based simple radioimmunoassays are available for platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinopeptide A, B beta 15-42 related peptides, thromboxane B2, and the prostaglandins 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Nonisotopic methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and fluoroimmunoassays are being developed. Serotonin and ADP, products of platelet activation, are measurable by liquid-chromatographic, immunoenzymatic, and spectrophotofluorometric methods. Analytical methods for fibrin split products (fragments D and E) and serine protease inhibitor complexes such as thrombin-antithrombin-III, factor Xa-antithrombin-III, and kallikrein-C1-esterase are also being developed. We have evaluated all of these methods and found them to be very sensitive to those components of endogenous activation of the hemostatic system listed above.
Immunohistochemical Expression Patterns of Germinal Center and Activation B-cell Markers Correlate With Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2004)

Recent studies with cDNA microarrays showed that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases with gene expression profiles similar to germinal center (GC) B cells had much better prognosis than DLBCL cases with gene expression profiles resembling activated B cells. The goal of the current study is to evaluate if using a panel of GC B-cell (CD10 and Bcl-6) and activation (MUM1/IRF4 and CD138) markers by immunohistochemistry defines prognosis in patients with de novo DLBCL. Immunohistochemical stains for the above markers were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues from 42 de novo DLBCL patients. Median follow-up in all patients was 41 months (range, 1-103 months) and in surviving patients was 65 months (range, 14-103 months). These cases could be classified into three expression patterns: GC B-cell pattern (pattern A) expressing CD10 and/or Bcl-6 but not activation markers; activated GC B-cell pattern (pattern B) expressing at least one of GC B-cell markers and one of activation markers; and activated non-GC B-cell pattern (pattern C) expressing MUM1/IRF4 and/or CD138 but not GC B-cell markers. Patients with pattern A had much better overall survival than those with the other two patterns (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, P < 0.008, log rank test). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the international prognostic index scores and the expression pattern of these markers were independent prognostic indicators. Our results suggest that expression patterns of this panel of GC B-cell and activation markers by immunohistochemistry correlate with the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. Immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissues is more readily available than gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray and may provide similar prognostic information.
Platelet function tests: a comparative review (2015)

In physiological hemostasis a prompt recruitment of platelets on the vessel damage prevents the bleeding by the rapid formation of a platelet plug. Qualitative and/or quantitative platelet defects promote bleeding, whereas the high residual reactivity of platelets in patients on antiplatelet therapies moves forward thromboembolic complications. The biochemical mechanisms of the different phases of platelet activation - adhesion, shape change, release reaction, and aggregation - have been well delineated, whereas their complete translation into laboratory assays has not been so fulfilled. Laboratory tests of platelet function, such as bleeding time, light transmission platelet aggregation, lumiaggregometry, impedance aggregometry on whole blood, and platelet activation investigated by flow cytometry, are traditionally utilized for diagnosing hemostatic disorders and managing patients with platelet and hemostatic defects, but their use is still limited to specialized laboratories. To date, a point-of-care testing (POCT) dedicated to platelet function, using pertinent devices much simpler to use, has now become available (ie, PFA-100, VerifyNow System, Multiplate Electrode Aggregometry [MEA]). POCT includes new methodologies which may be used in critical clinical settings and also in general laboratories because they are rapid and easy to use, employing whole blood without the necessity of sample processing. Actually, these different platelet methodologies for the evaluation of inherited and acquired bleeding disorders and/or for monitoring antiplatelet therapies are spreading and the study of platelet function is strengthening. In this review, well-tried and innovative platelet function tests and their methodological features and clinical applications are considered.
Traffic Flow Confidentiality in IPsec: Protocol and Implementation (2008)

Traffic Flow Confidentiality (TFC) mechanisms are techniques devised to hide/masquerade the traffic pattern to prevent statistical traffic analysis attacks. Their inclusion in widespread security protocols, in conjunction with the ability for deployers to flexibly control their operation, might boost their adoption and improve privacy of future networks. This paper describes a TFC protocol integrated, as a security protocol, in the IPsec security architecture. A Linux-based implementation has been developed, supporting a variety of perpacket treatments (padding, fragmentation, dummy packet generation, and artificial alteration of the packet forwarding delay), in an easily combinable manner. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the flexibility and the effectiveness of the TFC implementation.
Resonance-free frequency response of a semiconductor laser (2009)

We show experimentally and analytically that fast spontaneous recombination lifetime, τB,spon, leads to resonance-free frequency response in semiconductor lasers, and as a consequence higher speed operation. Faster τB,spon is obtained by a reverse-bias collector field pinning and tilting a dynamic (removable) charge population in a thin base (τt∼ps), allowing only “fast” recombination. We show resonance-free optical response on a prototype transistor laser (TL) with τB,spon∼29 ps. Based on the TL, a resonance-free tilted-charge diode laser, is demonstrated with a 10.3 Gb/s “clean open-eye” signal achieved with a −3 dB bandwidth device of only 5.6 GHz.
Early steps in O-linked glycosylation and clustered O-linked glycans of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C: effects on glycoprotein properties (2000)

The pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) implies the sequential infection of many cell types from mucosal cells to neurons, each having a unique pattern of protein glycosylation. The HSV-1 glycoprotein gC-1 is highly glycosylated and contains not only N-linked glycans but also a large number of O-linked glycans, some of which are clustered into two pronase-resistant arrays in the vicinity of the HSV-1 receptor-binding domain of gC-1. The aim of the present study was to characterize gC-1 signals for addition of clustered glycans, to determine the efficacy of synthetic peptides, representing putative O-glycosylation signals, as substrates for a panel of GalNAc transferases, and to identify possible effects of early O-linked glycosylation on the biological functions of gC-1. Gel filtration analysis of the pronase-resistant gC-1 O-glycan clusters from a glycoprotein mutant, lacking a site for N-linked glycosylation at Asn 73 in the vicinity of the O-glycosylation signal, suggested that one function of this N-linked glycan was to modulate the access for GalNAc transferases to one particular O-glycosylation peptide signal (aa 80-104). The ability of four GalNAc-transferase isoenzymes with different cell type expression patterns to initialize O-glycosylation of synthetic gC-1 derived peptides was analyzed. Two synthetic gC-1 peptides (aa 55-69 and aa 80-104) were excellent substrates for all four GalNAc-transferases, suggesting that cell types expressing less frequent GalNAc transferase species with unusual acceptor peptide sequence specificities may also produce a highly O-glycosylated gC-1 after HSV-1 infection. The O-linked glycans were not essential for cell surface expression of gC-1, but monoclonal antibody-assisted epitope analysis of N-acetylgalactosaminidase-treated gC-1 showed that the O-linked monosaccharide GalNAc contributed to expression of a three-dimensional epitope overlapping the heparan sulfate-binding domain of gC-1.
Fostering the User Interface Acceptance in Customer Relationship Management: A Multimedia-aided Approach (2012)

There has been an increasing demand for organizations to foster real-time interaction with customers, through the development of multimedia and Knowledge-enabled Customer Relationship Management (KCRM) systems. KCRM implementations encounter several challenges, such as information overload and lack of trust. Few empirical studies were devoted to assess the role of multimedia to tackle these issues. Therefore, this paper describes an empirical investigation into the implication of incorporating multimedia elements into KCRM interfaces. To achieve this, an experimental KCRM platform was implemented with three different modes of interaction: Visual-only KCRM (V-CRM) with text and graphics, Multimodal KCRM (M-CRM) with speech, earcons and auditory icons and Avatar-enhanced multimodal KCRM (A-CRM). The three platforms were evaluated by a group of forty-eight participants (n=48) of age group varies from 18 to 55 year old, by performing six common tasks and filling a questionnaire devised to measure the aspects of user acceptance. The results therein revealed that A-CRM was more acceptable than both M-CRM and V-CRM, whereas M-CRM was less acceptable than V-CRM.
Effect of ascorbate on oxygen uptake and growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> B (1988)

The addition of ascorbate to aerobically growing cultures of Escherichia coli B caused only a short pause in growth and no subsequent change in the rate or extent of growth. The effect of ascorbate on oxygen uptake varied from inhibition in minimal medium to stimulation in rich medium. Cyanide-resistant growth and oxygen uptake were stimulated by ascorbate. Both the rate and extent of anaerobic growth were stimulated in proportion to the amount of ascorbate added when fumarate was the terminal electron acceptor. Ascorbate had no effect on any aspect of anaerobic growth in the absence of a terminal electron acceptor or in the presence of nitrate.
Protection of Mice against Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx2)-Associated Damage by Maternal Immunization with a Brucella Lumazine Synthase-Stx2 B Subunit Chimera (2014)

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is defined as the triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Enterohemorrhagic Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (EHEC), which causes a prodromal hemorrhagic enteritis, remains the most common etiology of the typical or epidemic form of HUS. Because no licensed vaccine or effective therapy is presently available for human use, we recently developed a novel immunogen based on the B subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2B) and the enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) (BLS-Stx2B). The aim of this study was to analyze maternal immunization with BLS-Stx2B as a possible approach for transferring anti-Stx2 protection to the offspring. BALB/c female mice were immunized with BLS-Stx2B before mating. Both dams and pups presented comparable titers of anti-Stx2B antibodies in sera and fecal extracts. Moreover, pups were totally protected against a lethal dose of systemic Stx2 injection up to 2 to 3 months postpartum. In addition, pups were resistant to an oral challenge with an Stx2-producing EHEC strain at weaning and did not develop any symptomatology associated with Stx2 toxicity. Fostering experiments demonstrated that anti-Stx2B neutralizing IgG antibodies were transmitted through breast-feeding. Pups that survived the EHEC infection due to maternally transferred immunity prolonged an active and specific immune response that protected them against a subsequent challenge with intravenous Stx2. Our study shows that maternal immunization with BLS-Stx2B was very effective at promoting the transfer of specific antibodies, and suggests that preexposure of adult females to this immunogen could protect their offspring during the early phase of life.
Crosstalk between the nodulation signaling pathway and the autoregulation of nodulation in <i>Medicago truncatula</i> (2011)

A subset of CLAVATA3/endosperm-surrounding region-related (CLE) peptides are involved in autoregulation of nodulation (AON) in Medicago truncatula (e.g. MtCLE12 and MtCLE13). However, their linkage to other components of the AON pathways downstream of the shoot-derived inhibitor (SDI) is not understood. We have ectopically expressed the putative peptide ligand encoding genes MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in M. truncatula which abolished nodulation completely in wild-type roots but not in the supernodulating null mutant sunn-4. Further, root growth inhibition was detected when MtCLE12 was ectopically expressed in wild-type roots or synthetic CLE12 peptide was applied exogenously. To identify downstream genes, roots of wild-type and sunn-4 mutant overexpressing MtCLE12 were used for quantitative gene expression analysis. We found that, in 35S:MtCLE12 roots, NODULE INCEPTION (NIN, a central regulator of nodulation) was down-regulated, whereas MtEFD (ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation) and MtRR8 (a type-A response regulator thought to be involved in the negative regulation of cytokinin signaling), were up-regulated. Moreover, we found that the up-regulation of MtEFD and MtRR8 caused by overexpressing MtCLE12 is SUNN-dependent. Hence, our data link for the first time the pathways for Nod factor signaling, cytokinin perception and AON.
<i>Erwinia carotovora</i> subsp. <i>carotovora</i> and <i>Erwinia</i>-Derived Elicitors HrpN and PehA Trigger Distinct but Interacting Defense Responses and Cell Death in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

We have used an hrp-positive strain of the soft rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora to elucidate plant responses to this bacterial necrotroph. Purified virulence determinants, harpin (HrpN) and polygalacturonase (PehA), were used as tools to facilitate this analysis. We show that HrpN elicits lesion formation in Arabidopsis and tobacco and triggers systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Establishment of resistance is accompanied by the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent, but also jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET)-dependent, marker genes PR1 and PDF1.2, respectively, suggesting that both SA-dependent and JA/ET-dependent defense pathways are activated. Use of pathway-specific mutants and transgenic NahG plants show that both pathways are required for the induction of resistance. Arabidopsis plants treated simultaneously with both elictors PehA, known to trigger only JA/ET-dependent defense signaling, and HrpN react with accelerated and enhanced induction of the marker genes PR1 and PDF1.2 both locally and systemically. This mutual amplification of defense gene expression involves both SA-dependent and JA/ET-dependent defense signaling. The two elicitors produced by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora also cooperate in triggering increased production of superoxide and lesion formation.
Piezoelectric Thin Film AlN Annular Dual Contour Mode Bandpass Filter (2005)

The following work presents the analytical, numerical and experimental characterization of a novel piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride MEMS bandpass filter. In contrast to multipole filters employing distinct mechanically or electrically coupled resonator building blocks, the passband of the device in the present work is defined by the proximity of two natural contour modes of vibration in a single annular resonator. The proposed implementation, albeit currently limited to dual-pole filters, results in smaller form factors and reduces device sensitivity to across wafer fabrication tolerances.
The History and Distribution of Downy Brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>) in North America (1984)

Downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE) has developed into a severe weed in several agricultural production systems throughout North America, particularly on rangeland and in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Several million hectares of winter wheat, pastureland, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), grass seed fields, and overgrazed rangeland, as well as other crops, have been invaded by this annual grass since its introduction into this hemisphere. Downy brome is most abundant in the Great Basin and Columbia Basin areas of the western United States, but is found throughout the continental United States and parts of Canada and Mexico. In some cases, the vegetation on overgrazed rangeland consists totally of downy brome, while winter wheat growers in the western United States proclaim it as their worst weed problem. Changes in tillage practices that are currently being implemented for the control of soil erosion coupled with the lack of selective herbicides for the control of downy brome have aided its increase and spread.
A flexible and extensible security framework for Java code (1999)

Any piece of code which is run on a computer system can potentially threaten the security, privacy, and integrity of the system and its users. This truism has gained new importance with the introduction of mobile code systems such as Java applets and mobile agent platforms, in which code may be loaded from outside sources on-the-fly and executed in the user's environment. Thus mobile code systems must provide a security architecture which tries to protect users from erroneous or malicious code. Java as the most popular platform for mobile code includes such an architecture which unfortunately is complicated and tedious to use, lacks sufficient support for system-wide security policy maintenance, has no concepts for user and group security profiles, and does not protect users from misconfigurations or introduction of security holes. This paper describes Java Secure Execution Framework (JSEF) which provides a highly configurable security environment that addresses these drawbacks while remaining compatible with Java's model. JSEF has a hierarchical group concept that supports the definition and propagation of access policies, offers additive and subtractive permissions and policy exceptions, and supports system-wide security policies that users must adhere to but can tailor to their needs. At runtime JSEF enforces the security policy and supports (interactive) security negotiation in case of insufficient privileges. The user can configure JSEF via a set of graphical tools and define security policies which are represented as XML documents.
Rheological, morphological, and heat seal properties of linear low density polyethylene and cyclo olefine copolymer (LLDPE/COC) blends (2010)

Abstract The rheological and morphological properties of linear low‐density polyethylene/cyclo olefin copolymer (LLDPE/COC) blends were investigated, as were their peel seal characteristics when heat sealed to films of either polyethylene (PE) or polyethylene terephtalate (PET). Three blend systems, with COC volume percentages of 5, 10, and 15%, were melt blended in a twin‐screw extruder. A partial phase miscibility/compatibility was initially suggested by Cole–Cole and equivalent plots of the dynamic rheological properties and subsequently confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The investigation of the systems' heat sealing properties pointed out an interesting industrial potential for PET sheets covered with a fine layer of a LLDPE/COC blend before heat sealing to a PE film for packaging applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010