gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>T</i><sub>1</sub> corrected <i>B</i><sub>1</sub> mapping using multi‐TR gradient echo sequences (2010)

This work presents a new approach toward a fast, simultaneous amplitude of radiofrequency field (B(1)) and T(1) mapping technique. The new method is based on the "actual flip angle imaging" (AFI) sequence. However, the single pulse repetition time (TR) pair used in the standard AFI sequence is replaced by multiple pulse repetition time sets. The resulting method was called "multiple TR B(1)/T(1) mapping" (MTM). In this study, MTM was investigated and compared to standard AFI in simulations and experiments. Feasibility and reliability of MTM were proven in phantom and in vivo experiments. Error propagation theory was applied to identify optimal sequence parameters and to facilitate a systematic noise comparison to standard AFI. In terms of accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio, the presented method outperforms standard AFI B(1) mapping over a wide range of T(1). Finally, the capability of MTM to determine T(1) was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, yielding good agreement with reference measurements.
Advanced electrical array interconnections for ultrasound probes integrated in surgical needles (2014)

Real-time ultrasound guidance during neurosurgery is a novel and sought-after technique that enables imaging data to be acquired with improved precision during surgical intervention. Surgical needles that are inserted in the tissue of interest can be guided using the real-time graphical information collected by an embedded ultrasound transducer. The miniaturisation capabilities of modern manufacturing technologies allow the fabrication of ultrasound probes that are small enough to be fitted in needles conventionally used in surgical practices (down to ∼2 mm inner diameter). High lateral resolution may in fact be achieved by producing miniaturised ultrasound transducer arrays with a series of emitting/receiving elements, each electrically isolated from the others. To guarantee the functionality of such devices, a series of independent electrical interconnections must be implemented that enables the external driving electronics of the imaging system to be connected to the miniaturised ultrasound probe array. This paper presents a novel interconnection scheme designed to interface ultrasound probes integrated in surgical needles with the driving electronics. The presented solution utilises a flexible printed circuit board carrying the electrical tracks and a bonding technique with an anisotropic conductive paste.
An Alternative to Stretch Wrap Using Triple Bottom Line (2010)

Packaging products has always been a major sector of industries. Mass producing manufacturing companies use wooden pallets to store and transport items; these products are stacked and then secured by wrapping stretch wrap around them. The main issue with this packaging method is that millions of pounds of waste is produced. Some of the other effects include green house gas emissions during its production, limited recycling, and high packaging costs. In order to reduce the amounts of stretch wrap used by industries and distribution centers, there was a need to research and evaluate alternate methods to secure products on pallets. This study was completed using a Triple Bottom Line approach to acquire the most sustainable method to package pallets evaluating the social, environmental, and economical effects of each. Four other alternate methods were compared to stretch wrap: tie down straps, adhesive, cargo nets, and pallet covers. After having conducted the analysis, the recommended method to secure pallets was using the adhesive material with the pallet covers. Now instead of having to use 38 barrels of oil to produce stretch wrap to secure 22,000 pallets, only 1.38 barrels would be needed. A considerable amount of petroleum is saved. As far as costs, this proposed method has a total daily cost of $17.32 instead of $71.03 spent with stretch wrap. It is possible to conclude that this new alternative is a more sustainable method to secure items on wooden pallets. This could be a feasible solution that warehouses and distribution centers could use.
Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Concentration and Risk for Future Coronary Artery Disease (2005)

Reduced levels of serum LPL are associated with an increased risk for future CAD. The data suggest that high LPL concentrations may be atheroprotective through decreasing TG levels and increasing HDL-C levels.
On Function Computation via Wireless Sensor Multiple-Access Channels (2009)

In wireless sensor networks, the identity of a particular sensor node and a complete reconstruction of sensed data at a designated sink node may be not needed. Indeed, the objective is often to compute a certain function of the sensed data. Such desired functions can be for example the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, polynomials and other functions that adequately match the mathematical characteristic of the underlying multiple-access channel. In this paper, we propose a simple practical approach to compute desired functions of sensor network data, exploiting explicitly the mathematical characteristic of the wireless sensor multiple-access channel (WS-MAC). In contrast to traditional schemes that are designed to combat interference caused by other connections, we exploit this interference with the goal of computing the desired functions, which is in a sense a paradigm shift. This leads directly to a higher data rate in terms of function computation or a higher SNR in comparison to other schemes like time division multiple access (TDMA). Our approach needs no extensive symbol or phase synchronization, since the measured values are converted into the transmit power of a specific random transmit sequence with unit norm. Only a coarse block synchronization is necessary so that the proposed scheme is easy to implement.
Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease (1995)

We reviewed 46 published reports associating cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. Although the majority indicated an approximate halving of smoking frequency in persons with Parkinson's disease, many observers have suggested that the effect could be a spurious result. That the association may be real is suggested by at least six observations: (1) the consistency of findings between independent studies of different design, conducted by different investigators, in different nations, over 35 years; (2) the association's predominance and strength in prospective studies; (3) the apparent detection of a dose-response relation; (4) the inability to explain the association by confounding variables; (5) the flaws in certain arguments against the association's validity; and (6) the identification of a similar association, of similar magnitude, between smoking and reduced occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. A protective association of cigarette smoking for Parkinson's disease may constitute an important etiologic clue.
Solid-phase synthesis and characterization of O-dimannosylated heptadecapeptide analogues of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (1992)

N α -Fmoc-3-O-[Ac4-α-D-Manp-(1→2)-Ac3-α-D-Manp-1-]-Thr-OPfp, 7, and Nα-Fmoc-3-O-[Ac4-α-D-Manp-(1→2)-Ac3-α-D-Manp-1-]-Ser-OPfp, 8, were prepared and used as building blocks in automated continuous-flow solid-phase glycopeptide synthesis of two O-glycosylated heptadecapeptide analogues of human insulin-like growth factor 1. The corresponding non-glycosylated fragments were also prepared, and comparative NMR studies regarding the influence of the sugar moiety on the peptide backbone showed only limited effects due to glycosylation.
Adenovirus Recruits Dynein by an Evolutionary Novel Mechanism Involving Direct Binding to pH-Primed Hexon (2011)

Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and escape from the endosome, adenovirus is transported by cytoplasmic dynein along microtubules to the perinuclear region of the cell. How motor proteins are recruited to viruses for their own use has begun to be investigated only recently. We review here the evidence for a role for dynein and other motor proteins in adenovirus infectivity. We also discuss the implications of recent studies on the mechanism of dynein recruitment to adenovirus for understanding the relationship between pathogenic and physiological cargo recruitment and for the evolutionary origins of dynein-mediated adenovirus transport.
Evidence for ipso attack in the peroxodisulfate oxidation of tertiary aromatic amines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for ipso attack in the peroxodisulfate oxidation of tertiary aromatic aminesE. J. Behrman and D. M. BehrmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 23, 4551–4552Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00417a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00417a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precision field averaging NMR magnetometer for low and high fields, using flowing water (1979)

The separated oscillatory field magnetic resonance technique (Ramsey technique) has been employed with flowing water as a volume averaging magnetometer. Polarization and detection were performed in high fields, external to the volume over which the magnetic field was to be averaged. An accuracy of a few parts in 10(7) at a nominal field of 18 G was obtained. The technique is applicable, using standard equipment, for the measurement of fields ranging from kilogauss down to milligauss.
Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease. (2003)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological condition that usually presents with short-term memory impairment, and then progresses to profound cognitive and physical disability. The diagnosis is based primarily on clinical findings with a definitive diagnosis only being possible with pathological examination of brain tissue. Alzheimer's disease causes distress to patients, families and caregivers. Most patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease need 24-hour supervision, often provided in a long-term care setting. Although no cure is available, with a variety of treatments, modest but measurable benefits are available. Research is being conducted to find more effective treatments and hopefully in time a cure or means of prevention. All physicians whose practice includes older patients need to possess some familiarity with the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease.
Initiation and spread of escape waves within animal groups (2015)

The exceptional reactivity of animal collectives to predatory attacks is thought to be owing to rapid, but local, transfer of information between group members. These groups turn together in unison and produce escape waves. However, it is not clear how escape waves are created from local interactions, nor is it understood how these patterns are shaped by natural selection. By startling schools of fish with a simulated attack in an experimental arena, we demonstrate that changes in the direction and speed by a small percentage of individuals that detect the danger initiate an escape wave. This escape wave consists of a densely packed band of individuals that causes other school members to change direction. In the majority of cases, this wave passes through the entire group. We use a simulation model to demonstrate that this mechanism can, through local interactions alone, produce arbitrarily large escape waves. In the model, when we set the group density to that seen in real fish schools, we find that the risk to the members at the edge of the group is roughly equal to the risk of those within the group. Our experiments and modelling results provide a plausible explanation for how escape waves propagate in nature without centralized control.
Introduction (2001)

Grushenka, Dostoyevsky's character in The Brothers Karamazov, tells a story she heard as a young girl from her cook: Once upon a time there was a peasant woman and a very wicked woman she was. And she died and did not leave a single good deed behind. The devils caught her and plunged her into the lake of fire. So her guardian angel stood and wondered what good deed of hers he could remember to tell to God;"she once pulled up an onion in her garden," said he,"and gave it to a beggar woman." And God answered:"You take that onion then, hold it out to her in the lake, and let her take hold and be pulled out. And if you can pull her out of the lake, let her come to Paradise, but if the onion breaks, then the woman must stay where she is." The angel ran to the woman and held out the onion to her; "Come," said he, "catch hold and I'll pull you out." And he began cautiously pulling her out. He had just pulled her right out, when the other sinners in the lake, seeing she was being drawn out, began catching hold of her so as to be pulled out with her. But she was a very wicked woman and she began kicking them."I'm to be pulled out, not you. It's my onion, not yours." As soon as she said that, the onion broke. And the woman fell into the lake and she is burning there to this day. So the angel wept and went away.2KeywordsSource TextLiterary TextWestern LiteratureGood DeedPeasant WomanThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Model function to calculate the refractive index of native hemoglobin in the wavelength range of 250-1100 nm dependent on concentration (2006)

The real part of the complex refractive index of oxygenated native hemoglobin solutions dependent on concentration was determined in the wavelength range 250 to 1100 nm by Fresnel reflectance measurements. The hemoglobin solution was produced by physical hemolysis of human erythrocytes followed by ultracentrifugation and filtration. A model function is presented for calculating the refractive index of hemoglobin solutions depending on concentration in the wavelength range 250 to 1100 nm.
Hematopoietic development of vav-/- mouse embryonic stem cells. (1994)

The vav protooncogene product is expressed nearly exclusively in hematopoietic lineages and contains several structural motifs (SH2/SH3 domains and a dbl-oncogene homology region) typical of proteins functioning in signaling pathways. To ascertain if vav expression is required for hematopoiesis we generated vav-negative mouse embryonic stem cells by gene targeting and examined the consequences of loss of vav function on erythroid and myeloid development in vitro and in vivo. In conflict with the conclusions drawn from expression of antisense vav RNA in embryonic stem cells [Wulf, G. M., Adra, C. N. & Lim, B. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 5065-5074], we observed erythroid and myeloid development in the absence of vav. These experiments demonstrate that vav expression is not absolutely required for hematopoietic development.
Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures to chloroform and trichloroethene from tap water. (1996)

Individuals are exposed to volatile compounds present in tap water by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Traditional risk assessments for water often only consider ingestion exposure to toxic chemicals, even though showering has been shown to increase the body burden of certain chemicals due to inhalation exposure and dermal absorption. We collected and analyzed time-series samples of expired alveolar breath to evaluate changes in concentrations of volatile organic compounds being expired, which reflects the rate of change in the bloodstream due to expiration, metabolism, and absorption into tissues. Analysis of chloroform and trichloethene in expired breath, compounds regulated in water, was also used to determine uptake from tap water by each route (inhalation, ingestion, or absorption). Each route of exposure contributed to the total exposure of these compounds from daily water use. Further, the ingestion dose was completely metabolized before entering the bloodstream, whereas the dose from the other routes was dispersed throughout the body. Thus, differences in potential biologically effective doses depend on route, target organ, and whether the contaminant or metabolite is the biologically active agent.
El Protocolo de Cartagena y la conservación del medio ambiente en la era de la biotecnología (2009)

El presente artículo analiza el Protocolo de Cartagena, la posibilidad de su implementación y su utilidad como herramienta para conservar el medio ambiente y garantizar la seguridad en la biotecnología. Considera el Protocolo y los elementos medulares del mismo. Este trabajo argumenta que la falta de recursos financieros, falta de tecnología de las economías en transición, conflictos con el régimen de comercio internacional y los grandes intereses de compañías que elaboran productos derivados de la biotecnología, hacen difícil la implementación de este Protocolo.
Combining Dictionary-Based and Example-Based Methods for Natural Language Analysis (1993)

We propose combining dictionary-based and example-based natural language (NL) processing techniques in a framework that we believe will provide substantive enhancements to NL analysis systems. The centerpiece of this framework is a relatively large-scale lexical knowledge base that we have constructed automatically from an online version of Longman's Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), and that is currently used in our NL analysis system to direct phrasal attachments. After discussing the effective use of example-based processing in hybrid NL systems, we compare recent dictionarybased and example-based work, and identify the aspects of this work that are included in the proposed framework. We then describe the methods employed in automatically creating our lexical knowledge base from LDOCE, and its current and planned use as a large-scale example base in our NL analysis system. This knowledge base is structured as a highly interconnected network of words linked by semantic relations such as is_a, has_part, location_of, typical_object, and is_for. We claim that within the proposed hybrid framework, it provides a uniquely rich source of information for use during NL analysis.
Controlling the Transmission of Stereochemical Information through Space in Terphenyl-Edged Fe<sub>4</sub>L<sub>6</sub> Cages (2011)

A series of terphenyl-edged Fe(4)L(6) cages were synthesized from substituted 4,4''-diamino-p-terphenyls, 2-formylpyridine, and iron(II). For the parent diaminoterphenyl, all three possible diastereomers, with T, S(4), and C(3) point symmetries, were formed in nearly equal amounts, as determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR. When 2,2″-dimethylterphenylenediamine was used, the T-symmetry diastereomer was observed to predominate. The use of 2',3',5',6'-tetramethylterphenylenediamine generated predominantly the S(4) cage diastereomer, whereas 2',5'-dimethylterphenylenediamine produced the C(3)-symmetric cage to a greater degree than the other two diastereomers. The factors contributing to the transfer of chiral information between metal vertices were analyzed, and the general principles underlying the delicately balanced thermodynamics were determined.
Real-time C-band radar observations of 1992 eruption clouds from Crater Peak, Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska (1995)

Repeated aircraft hazards in Alaska related to volcanic clouds have resulted in the use of a mobile C-band radar devoted to volcanic-cloud monitoring. The radar is located at Kenai, in range of several volcanoes in the Cook Inlet area. Three significant eruptions from the Crater Peak vent of Mount Spurr volcano (about 80 km from Kenai) in 1992 provided the first tests of the radar. The system constructs maps of the eruption columns and the drifting ash clouds for short periods (as long as 30 minutes) after eruption. The radar gives direct information about active eruptions in any weather conditions and allows estimates of the altitude of the column, which are useful for three-dimensional trajectory models of ash-cloud transport. It also allows an estimate of the eruption rate based on the ash-column height. However, such estimates may be lower than the true values because the very top of the eruption column, which may not contain coarse ash, may not be detected by the radar. We conclude that the radar detects mainly ash particles, sized from about 1 millimeter to a few centimeters on the basis of three sources-the brief duration of the reflected radar signal, data from independent ground observations on the mass and size of particles which fell out of the reflected cloud, and the intensity of the reflected signal. The most intense reflections come from ash clouds with particles that range from 2 to 20 mm in diameter and with a total particle mass concentration of less than .O1 to 1 g/m3. The data are useful for constructing models of ash columns and deposition of coarse tephra. Radars are not .useful for long-term volcanic cloud tracking because the large ash particles, that provide for strong radar signals fall out soon after an eruption. The radar does not detect smaller (
Functional, Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Donepezil in Patients with Moderate Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

The significant treatment responses observed with donepezil in these patients reinforce the findings from earlier studies that show donepezil to have important benefits, compared wih placebo, across functional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms, with good tolerability, in patients with AD of moderate severity.
Regional differences in the subacute response of rabbit orbicularis oculi to bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity as quantified with a neural cell adhesion molecule immunohistochemical marker. (1993)

Although multiple injections of bupivacaine and bupivacaine combined with hyaluronidase significantly increased the percentage of muscle cells injured, total destruction of the orbicularis oculi muscle was never seen. Neural cell adhesion molecule was a good marker for the quantification of the regenerating muscle fibers. It is proposed that the tight fasciculation of the orbicularis oculi muscle may play a role in preventing access of the local anesthetic to the individual muscle fibers. This demonstrates the relative clinical safety of local anesthetic injection into the eyelid.