gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
287. A synthesis of coproporphyrin III (1958)

E. Bullock, A. W. Johnson, E. Markham and K. B. Shaw, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 1430 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580001430
Tpl2 regulates intestinal myofibroblast HGF release to suppress colitis-associated tumorigenesis (2012)

The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs) are cells in the intestinal lamina propria secreting factors that are known to modulate carcinogenesis; however, the physiological role of IMFs and signaling pathways influencing CAC have remained unknown. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a MAPK that regulates inflammatory and oncogenic pathways. In this study we addressed the role of Tpl2 in CAC using complete and tissue-specific ablation of Tpl2 in mutant mice. Tpl2-deficient mice did not exhibit significant differences in inflammatory burdens following azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) administration compared with wild-type mice; however, the mutant mice developed significantly increased numbers and sizes of tumors, associated with enhanced epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Cell-specific ablation of Tpl2 in IMFs, but not in intestinal epithelial or myeloid cells, conferred a similar susceptibility to adenocarcinoma formation. Tpl2-deficient IMFs upregulated HGF production and became less sensitive to the negative regulation of HGF by TGF-β3. In vivo inhibition of HGF-mediated c-Met activation blocked early, enhanced colon dysplasia in Tpl2-deficient mice, indicating that Tpl2 normally suppresses the HGF/c-Met pathway. These findings establish a mesenchyme-specific role for Tpl2 in the regulation of HGF production and suppression of epithelial tumorigenesis.
Early Morphological Nuclear Events and Developmental Capacity of Embryos Reconstructed with Fetal Fibroblasts at the M or G1 Phase after Intracytoplasmic Nuclear Injection in Cattle (2005)

We examined morphological nuclear events during the first cell cycle of bovine embryos reconstructed with somatic cells at the M and G1 phases (M-embryos and G1-embryos, respectively) by intracytoplasmic nuclear injection, and the subsequent development of these embryos in vitro and in vivo. Bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFFs) at the M or G1 phase were directly injected into enucleated oocytes, and activated immediately. Only half (48%) of the M-embryos extruded polar body-like cells (PBCs) at 6 h post injection (hpi). At 15 to 19 hpi, 54% of the M-embryos formed a single pronucleus-like nucleus. Nuclear envelope-breakdown, premature chromosome condensation and single nuclear clusters were observed in most of the G1-embryos (88%) within 30 min following the nuclear injection. At 15 to 19 hpi, single pronucleus-like nuclei were formed in most G1-embryos (83%). The potential of G1-embryos to develop to blastocysts was significantly higher than that of M-embryos (31% vs 16%). Three of five recipients following transfer of blastocysts derived from the G1-embryos became pregnant on Day 30, and one recipient delivered a calf. Our results indicate that almost a half of the M-embryos failed to extrude PBCs and that the G1-embryos developed to blastocysts at a higher rate than the M-embryos.
Exploiting Bluetooth Low Energy Pairing Vulnerability in Telemedicine (2015)

ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
Trivalent Ligands with Rigid DNA Spacers Reveal Structural Requirements For IgE Receptor Signaling in RBL Mast Cells (2007)

Antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to its receptor, FcRI, stimulates degranulation, phospholipid metabolism, and cytokine production in mast cells and basophils to initiate inflammatory and allergic responses. Previous studies suggested that spatial organization of the clustered receptors affects the assembly of the transmembrane signaling complexes. To investigate systematically the structural constraints in signal initiation, we utilized rigid double-stranded DNA scaffolds to synthesize ligands with tunable lengths. We characterized a series of symmetric trivalent DNA ligands with rigid spacing between 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) haptenic groups in the range of 5-15 nm. These ligands all bind to anti-DNP IgE on RBL mast cells with similar avidity, and they all cross-link IgE-FcRI complexes effectively. We observe length-dependent stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of FcRI beta and gamma subunits and the adaptor protein LAT: the shortest ligand is approximately 5-10-fold more potent than the longest. Stimulated Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation also exhibits kinetics and magnitudes that differ as a function of ligand length. In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma1 and consequent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores do not show this dependence on ligand length. Our results with these rigid, DNA-based ligands provide direct support for receptor transphosphorylation as a key step in amplified signaling leading to degranulation, and they further reveal branching of pathways in signaling events.
Simulation model for contrast agent dynamics in brain perfusion scans (2010)

Standardization efforts are currently under way to reduce the heterogeneity of quantitative brain perfusion methods. A brain perfusion simulation model is proposed to generate test data for an unbiased comparison of these methods. This model provides realistic simulated patient data and is independent of and different from any computational method. The flow of contrast agent solute and blood through cerebral vasculature with disease-specific configurations is simulated. Blood and contrast agent dynamics are modeled as a combination of convection and diffusion in tubular networks. A combination of a cerebral arterial model and a microvascular model provides arterial-input and time-concentration curves for a wide range of flow and perfusion statuses. The model is configured to represent an embolic stroke in one middle cerebral artery territory and provides physiologically plausible vascular dispersion operators for major arteries and tissue contrast agent retention functions. These curves are fit to simpler template curves to allow the use of the simulation results in multiple validation studies. A gamma-variate function with fit parameters is proposed as the vascular dispersion operator, and a combination of a boxcar and exponential decay function is proposed as the retention function. Such physiologically plausible operators should be used to create test data that better assess the strengths and the weaknesses of various analysis methods.
Covalent modifications of histones during mitosis and meiosis (2009)

Higher order chromosome structures are the hallmark of mitotic and meiotic cells. Chromatin condensation and compaction are essential for rapid chromosome congression and accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. The core histones possess tails at their amino-termini. These tails, which extend from the surface of the nucleosomes, are highly dynamic and subject to an extensive array of covalent modifications. Modified histone tails play an important role, not only in the folding of nucleosomal arrays into higher order chromatin structures but also in gene regulation. The combination of these distinct covalent modifications of histones constitutes "the histone code" that regulates various cellular processes, including mitotic and meiotic progression.
Long-Term Disability (1997)

(1997). Long-Term Disability. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 87-97.
Performance optimization of throttled time-warp simulation (2002)

While constraining the speculation in time warp (TW) tends to decrease the number of false event executions, it also introduces an opportunity cost when the processors are not fully utilized. To obtain good runtime performance such a trade-off must be optimized. This paper studies the implications of regulating speculation in TW, and develops an analytic framework for optimizing the elapsed time of TW simulations. By aggregating the effect of three time components, namely computation time, communication time and processor idle time, our analytic framework optimizes the degree of speculation for AP3000 performance. Our experiments on a Fujitsu AP3000 distributed-memory parallel computer simulating several applications show that the predicted performance metrics deviate from the measured values by less than 8%. Both the analytical and experimental results have ascertained that speculation without rollbacks may not produce the best elapsed time. Instead, a controlled degree of causality error is preferred in most practical cases.
Intrusion tolerance in distributed computing systems (2002)

An intrusion-tolerant distributed system is a system which is designed so that any intrusion into a part of the system will not endanger confidentiality, integrity and availability. This approach is suitable for distributed systems, because distribution enables isolation of elements so that an intrusion gives physical access to only a part of the system. In particular, the intrusion-tolerant authentication and authorization servers enable a consistent security policy to be implemented on a set of heterogeneous, untrusted sites, administered by untrusted (but nonconspiring) people. The authors describe how some functions of distributed systems can be designed to tolerate intrusions. A prototype of the persistent file server presented has been successfully developed and implemented as part of the Delta-4 project of the European ESPRIT program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microcalorimeters (1970)

In all life sciences there can be noted a marked trend toward an increased use of physical instrumentation. Calorimeters, which are instruments for measurements of heat quantities or heat effects, offer one approach in this respect.
Small Organic Molecules for Direct Aldol Reaction (2004)

Since the pioneering finding by List and Barbas Ⅲ and their coworkers that L-proline could work as a catalyst in the intermolecular direct aldol reaction, the concept of small organic molecules as catalysts has received great attention. However, new organic molecule which have better catalysis ability are reported scarcely.Our groups1 found L-Prolinamides 1 to be active catalysts for the direct aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenaldehyde with neat acetone at room temperature. The enantioselectivity increases as the amide N-H becomes more acidic and thus a better hydrogen bond donor. Introducing another proton donor, hydroxyl, in the catalyst lead to a further improvement in the catalytic enantioselectivity.The calculations reveal that the amide N-H and the terminal hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds with the benzaldehyde substrate. These hydrogen bonds reduce the activation energy and cause high enantioselectivity.Catalyst 2, prepared from L-proline and (1S, 2S)-diphenyl-2-aminoethanol, exhibits high enantioselectivities of up to 93% ee for aromatic aldehydes and up to ＞99% ee for aliphatic aldehydes. It is noteworthy that our results refuted the conventional wisdom that the carboxylic acid group of proline is a reqirement for high enatioselectivity and provide a powerful strategy in the molecular design of new organic catalyst because plentiful chiral resource containing multi-hydrogen bonding donor, for example, peptides.Very recently, we found that L-proline-based peptides 3-7 can catalyze the aldol reactions of hydroxyacetone with aldehydes 8 in aqueous media, to give 1,4-diols 9, the disfavored products with either aldolase or L-proline. Both peptides 5 and 6 give good results.The abilities of peptides 5 and 6 to catalyze the direct aldol reactions of hydroxyacetone with avariety of aldehydes were examined under optimal conditions. The results are shown in table. Highyields and entioselectivities of up to 96% ee were observed for aromatic aldehydes bearingelectron-withdrawing groups.
Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III-nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers (2012)

Data and analysis are presented for the study of efficiency droop in visible III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) considering the effects of both electron spill-over out of active region and hole injection into the active region. Performance characteristics of blue LEDs with lattice-matched In0.18Al0.82N electron-blocking layers (EBLs) with different thicknesses were measured in order to exclude the effects of strain and doping efficiency of the EBL, and the quantum efficiencies were analyzed taking account of the electron spill-over current and the relative hole concentration. The results suggest that the highest efficiency in LEDs with a 15-nm In0.18Al0.82N EBL is due to relatively lower hole-blocking effect, hence higher hole injection than in LEDs with a 20-nm EBL, while providing a higher potential barrier for reduced electron spill-over than in LEDs with thinner EBLs. This study suggests that the EBL hole-blocking and electron-confinement effects should be considered in order to achieve higher light output power and reduced efficiency droop at high currents.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of Amidase Gene from <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1998)

Amidases are a class of enzymes which convert amides to acids and have potential value in the development of commercial bioprocesses for the production of useful chemicals. A gene encoding an amidase in Pseudomonas putida 5B has been cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. An additional open reading frame (P38K) encoding a putative protein of 38 kDa was found immediately upstream of the amidase gene. This work continues our characterization of a P. putida operon, which now appears to include P38K, amidase, and a stereo-specific nitrile hydratase. This characterization underlies continuing efforts in biocatalyst development.
Changes of Polyphenol Contents in Unripe Apples According to Heat Treatments (1999)

HPLC was used for determining polyphenols which are known as the functional compounds in the unripe apples Fuji and Aori. The changes in their contents caused by heat treatments were monitored. The carbohydrate contents in Fuji and Aori were 14.1% and 13.5% respectively. Both apple juices showed pH 3.2 and , which were relatively low levels. The major polyphenols were composed of (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and tannic acid. Total polyphenol contents in Fuji and Aori were 0.11, 0.12% by Folin-Denis method. HPLC analysis of polyphenols showed that four major components were contained by 0.06% in Fuji and 0.07% in Aori. Chlorogenic acid was three times higher in Fuji than in Aori. After water blanching, the area percent of polyphenols resulted in an increase by 3.54% in Fuji but a decrease by 2.93% in Aori. Pasteurization of juices led to decrease by 1.39% and 3.31% respectively. Blanching and pasteurization of unripe apple juices induced negligible changes in polyphenol contents during storage. During concentration, polyphenol contents increased in proportion to the concentration of unripe apple juices.
Manipulation of the Elastic Modulus of Polymers at the Nanoscale: Influence of UV−Ozone Cross-Linking and Plasticizer (2010)

The mechanical stability of polymeric nanostructures is critical to the processing, assembly, and performance of numerous existing and emerging technologies. A key predictor of mechanical stability is the elastic modulus. However, a significant reduction in modulus has been reported for thin films and nanostructures when the thickness or size of the polymer material decreases below a critical length scale. Routes to mitigate or even eliminate this reduction in modulus, and thus enhancing the mechanically stability of polymeric nanostructures, would be extremely valuable. Here, two routes to modulate the mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale are described. Exposure to ultraviolet light and ozone (UVO) cross-links the near surface region of high molecular mass PS films, rendering the elastic modulus independent of thickness. However, UVO cannot eliminate the decrease in modulus of low molecular mass PS or PMMA due to limited reaction depth and photodegradation, respectively. Alternatively, the thickness dependence of the elastic modulus of both PS and PMMA can be eliminated by addition of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) at 5% by mass. Furthermore, an increase in modulus is observed for films with thicknesses less than 30 nm with 5% DOP by mass in comparison to neat PS. Although DOP acts as a plasticizer for both PS and PMMA in the bulk, evidence indicates that DOP acts as an antiplasticizer at the nanoscale. By maintaining or even increasing the elastic modulus of polymers at the nanoscale, these methods could lead to improved stability of polymeric nanostructures and devices.
The scientific revolution: aspirations and achievements, 1500-1700 (1998)

An introduction to a large and complicated subject, which has come to be called the Scientific Revolution, this book refers to the fundamental changes in our understanding of the natural world that occurred in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These changes led to a rejection of ancient and medieval thinking about the universe in favour of the new thinking that gave birth to modern science. Professor Jacob does not pretend to tell the whole story of this momentous transformation, which is perhaps more important than any other in modern history. But he does highlight and survey what are often considered to be the six principal developments associated with this shift from old to new science. The six changes are: first, the abandonment of an ancient Greek picture of an earth-centred universe and its replacement by the modern picture of a solar system surrounded by an enormous universe; second, the gradual rejection of the Aristotelian binary physics in favour of the modern physics of universal forces; third, a medical revolution that culminated in the discovery of the circulation of the blood, and put animal (and human) physiology on a new foundation; fourth, the shift from an Aristotelian theory of knowledge to a modern scepticism; fifth, the development of new methods for establishing scientific certainty; and, finally, the founding of the world's first national, government-sponsored scientific societies for promoting research, spreading scientific knowledge, and stimulating inquiry.
Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag at Positions L449 and P453 Are Linked to I50V Protease Mutants In Vivo and Cause Reduction of Sensitivity to Amprenavir and Improved Viral Fitness In Vitro (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protease cleavage sites (CS) undergo sequence changes during the development of resistance to several protease inhibitors (PIs). We have analyzed the association of sequence variation at the p7/p1 and p1/p6 CS in conjunction with amprenavir (APV)-specific protease mutations following PI combination therapy with APV. Querying a central resistance data repository resulted in the detection of significant associations (P < 0.001) between the presence of APV protease signature mutations and Gag L449F (p1/p6 LP1'F) and P453L (p1/p6 PP5'L) CS changes. In population-based sequence analyses the I50V mutant was invariably linked to either L449F or P453L. Clonal analysis revealed that both CS mutations were never present in the same genome. Sequential plasma samples from one patient revealed a transition from I50V M46L P453L viruses at early time points to I50V M46I L449F viruses in later samples. Various combinations of the protease and Gag mutations were introduced into the HXB2 laboratory strain of HIV-1. In both single- and multiple-cycle assay systems and in the context of I50V, the L449F and P453L changes consistently increased the 50% inhibitory concentration of APV, while the CS changes alone had no measurable effect on inhibitor sensitivity. The decreased in vitro fitness of the I50V mutant was only partially improved by addition of either CS change (I50V M46I L449F mutant replicative capacity approximately 16% of that of wild-type virus). Western blot analysis of Pr55 Gag precursor cleavage products from infected-cell cultures indicated accumulation of uncleaved Gag p1-p6 in all I50V viruses without coexisting CS changes. Purified I50V protease catalyzed cleavage of decapeptides incorporating the L449F or P453L change 10-fold and 22-fold more efficiently than cleavage of the wild-type substrate, respectively. HIV-1 protease CS changes are selected during PI therapy and can have effects on both viral fitness and phenotypic resistance to PIs.
Treatment and prevention of tethered and retethered spinal cord using a Gore-Tex surgical membrane (1994)

The incidence of the tethered cord syndrome after repair of spinal dysraphism is not insignificant. A retethered spinal cord may also develop after an untethering operation. In order to treat and/or prevent the tethered and retethered spinal cord, the authors developed and successfully used a new method in 12 cases. After complete release and reconstruction of the spinal cord, a Gore-Tex surgical membrane was placed over the cord and fixed to the lateral dural surface with stay sutures. During a postoperative follow-up period ranging from 23 months to 7 years, no further neurological deterioration was observed in the 12 patients and magnetic resonance imaging studies showed no adhesion of the spinal cord to the operative site. It is concluded that this simple new method is effective for the treatment and prevention of tethering and/or retethering of the spinal cord, although a longer follow-up study is required.
The Efficacy of Honey in Inhibiting Strains of <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> From Infected Burns (2002)

Because there is no ideal therapy for burns infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there is sufficient need to investigate the efficacy of alternative antipseudomonal interventions. Honey is an ancient wound remedy for which there is modern evidence of efficacy in the treatment of burn wounds, but limited evidence for the effectiveness of its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas. We tested the sensitivity of 17 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from infected burns to two honeys with different types of antibacterial activity, a pasture honey and a manuka honey, both with median levels of activity. All strains showed similar sensitivity to honey with minimum inhibitory concentrations below 10% (vol/vol); both honeys maintained bactericidal activity when diluted more than 10-fold. Honey with proven antibacterial activity has the potential to be an effective treatment option for burns infected or at risk of infection with P. aeruginosa.
Combined Intramyocardial Delivery of Human Pericytes and Cardiac Stem Cells Additively Improves the Healing of Mouse Infarcted Hearts Through Stimulation of Vascular and Muscular Repair (2015)

Combinatory therapy with SVPs and CSCs may complementarily help the repair of infarcted hearts.
Zur Tagfalterfauna des Chanchamayogebietes in Peru. Teil 1. Einleitung Pieridae (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.