gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Promoter Variants in Baboon Endothelial Lipase That Regulate High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (2007)

These results reveal LIPG variants that specifically contribute to HDL1 levels and demonstrate mechanisms by which these polymorphisms may regulate LIPG promoter activity. Results from the present study provide a mechanism, namely variation in LIPG promoter activity possibly caused by altered transcription factor binding, by which LIPG variation affects HDL levels.
Activities of Enzymes for Sucrose-Starch Conversion in Developing Endosperm of Rice and Their Association with Grain Filling in Extra-Heavy Panicle Types (2007)

Rice cultivars with numerous spikelets per panicle (extra-heavy panicle types) frequently fail to exhibit their high yield potential due to low grain filling. Existing genetic variation in grain filling, however, opens possibilities for genetic improvement for this trait. We studied the correlation between grain filling and the activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch conversion in developing endosperm. The activity of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13, SuSy) and ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27, AGPase), were measured in three extra-heavy panicle types and a standard cultivar grown at two locations under different environmental conditions. The proportions of grains with definite specific gravities and the rate of grain filling were adopted as the parameters related to grain filling. AGPase activity, but not that of SuSy, was consistently correlated to high proportions of high-density grains (specific gravity > 1.20) and high rates of grain growth in spikelets, particularly in those on secondary branches in which low grain filling is the rule. Such correlation was also detected in spikelets on primary branches which generally show better grain filling, but only early stages. Therefore, a high activity of AGPase might contribute to the reduction of the sucrose concentration by accelerating sucrose metabolism at the developing seed, a sink terminus of the phloem. Thus the sink-directed phloem transport of sucrose would be promoted, resulting in improved grain filling of extra-heavy panicle types. SuSy would play some roles in such a cultivar difference in grain filling, but depending on environments.
Automated 3D segmentation of intraretinal layers from optic nerve head optical coherence tomography images (2010)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), being a noninvasive imaging modality, has begun to find vast use in the diagnosis and management of ocular diseases such as glaucoma, where the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) has been known to thin. Furthermore, the recent availability of the considerably larger volumetric data with spectral-domain OCT has increased the need for new processing techniques. In this paper, we present an automated 3-D graph-theoretic approach for the segmentation of 7 surfaces (6 layers) of the retina from 3-D spectral-domain OCT images centered on the optic nerve head (ONH). The multiple surfaces are detected simultaneously through the computation of a minimum-cost closed set in a vertex-weighted graph constructed using edge/regional information, and subject to a priori determined varying surface interaction and smoothness constraints. The method also addresses the challenges posed by presence of the large blood vessels and the optic disc. The algorithm was compared to the average manual tracings of two observers on a total of 15 volumetric scans, and the border positioning error was found to be 7.25 ± 1.08 μm and 8.94 ± 3.76 μm for the normal and glaucomatous eyes, respectively. The RNFL thickness was also computed for 26 normal and 70 glaucomatous scans where the glaucomatous eyes showed a significant thinning (p < 0.01, mean thickness 73.7 ± 32.7 μm in normal eyes versus 60.4 ± 25.2 μm in glaucomatous eyes).
Studies on the Alkaloids of <i>Thalictrum Thunbergii</i> DC. XIII (1963)

The structure of thalicberine and O-methylthalicberine, the new tertiary bases of Thalictrum thunbergii DC. (Japanese name “Aki-karamatsu”), had been indicated as Ia and Ib but the type of its ether bonding constituting the diphenyl ether binding two isoquinoline rings was so exceptional that further examinations were made to prove this structure.O-Methylthalicberine methylmethine (II) was oxidized with ozone to (A) and (B) fragments. (B) afforded 4-methoxy-3, 4′-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (III) and aldehydic acids (IVa) and (IVb) as crystals. (A) afforded a diamino-dialdehyde, which was obtained as its dimethiodide (VIII) of m. p. 235°(decomp.), C27H40O6N2I⋅H2O. It was submitted to the second Hofmann degradation, followed by catalytic and Clemmensen reductions, and derived to X, whose infrared spectrum (in CS2) agreed with that of synthesized 2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-ethylphenyl 2-methyl-3-ethyl-5, 6-dimethoxy-phenyl ether. The whole route of this synthesis is indicated in Chart 1.Ozone oxidation of O-methyloxyacanthine methylmethine (XII) by the route shown in Chart 2 afforded, as the basic decomposition product, a diamino-dialdehyde as its dimethiodide (XIV) of m. p. 245°(decomp.), C27H40O6N2I2⋅H2O. The infrared spectrum (in Nujol) of this dimethiodide (XIV) was entirely different from that of VIII, derived from O-methythalicberine methylmethine (II).The present series of experiments has proved unequivocally that thalicberine and O-methylthalicberine are represented as Ia and Ib, respectively.
Effects of thermalization on Q-switched laser properties (1998)

The conventional rate equations for a Q-switched laser are augmented to explicitly include the effects of time- and level-dependent pumping, thermalization among the sublevels in the upper and lower multiplets, and multiplet relaxation in a homogeneously broadened four-level laser medium. To make the numerical computations more generally valid, we introduce a number of dimensionless variables. We show that the initial set of five coupled differential equations can be reduced to a simple set of two coupled equations for the inversion density and photon flux. Via numerical modeling, we have investigated the manner in which both thermalization and lower multiplet relaxation affect Nd:YAG laser characteristics such as output energy and temporal waveform. Our numerical results confirm earlier predictions that the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser output energy increases monotonically by a factor of 3.33 as one progresses from the assumption of slow to rapid thermalization and by an additional factor of 1.46 if one further assumes a terminal multiplet relaxation which is fast relative to the resonator photon decay time. We also find that the laser pulsewidth is substantially broadened when the resonator photon decay time is comparable to the thermalization, and to a lesser extent, the terminal multiplet relaxation times.
Carbon−Carbon Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from Arylpalladium Complexes Containing Functionalized Alkyl Groups. Influence of Ligand Steric and Electronic Properties on Structure, Stability, and Reactivity (2004)

A series of arylpalladium alkyl complexes of the formula [(DPPBz)Pd(Ar)(R)] (DPPBz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene; R = methyl, benzyl, enolate, cyanoalkyl, trifluoroalkyl, or malonate) has been prepared to reveal the influence of steric and electronic parameters on structure, stability, and reactivity. Arylpalladium enolate and cyanoalkyl complexes ligated by EtPh2P, 1,1‘-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene (DiPrPF), and BINAP were prepared to evaluate the effect of the ancillary ligand. The coordination modes of the enolate and cyanoalkyl complexes were determined by spectroscopic methods, in combination with X-ray crystallography. In the absence of steric effects, the C-bound isomer was favored electronically if the enolate or cyanoalkyl group was located trans to a phosphine, and the O-bound isomer was favored if the enolate was located trans to an aryl group. The thermodynamic stability of the enolate and cyanoalkyl complexes was controlled by the steric properties of the enolate or cyanoalkyl group, and complexes with more substitution at the α-carbon were less stable. Arylpalladium methyl, benzyl, enolate, cyanoalkyl, and trifluoroethyl complexes underwent carbon−carbon bond-forming reductive elimination upon heating. Reductive elimination was faster from complexes with electron-withdrawing substituents on the palladium-bound aryl group and with sterically hindered alkyl groups. The electronic properties of the alkyl group had the largest impact on the rate of reductive elimination: electron-withdrawing groups on the α-carbon retarded the rate of reductive elimination. The rates of reductive elimination correlated with the Taft polar substituent constants of the groups on the carbon alpha to the metal.
Controlled Release of Doxazosin in Multi-layered Pellet Using Polymer Blending (2008)

In this study, a multi-layered pellet was composed of a seed layer including a water-swellable agent and a drug layer containing doxazosin as a model drug, a porous membrane and a castor oil layer to control drug release. The pellet is prepared by a fluidized bed coating method. To confirm drug release from polymer blending in multi-layered pellet system, it is prepared by containing different ratio such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) : ethyl cellulose (EC) in drug layer and cellulose acetate(CA) : Eudragit RS in membrane. Also, to confirm the effect of oil in drug release, castor oil is coated. As a result, we observed regularly spherical pellet with diameter of . Release pattern of drug is confirmed by dissolution tester in aqueous media. The more the ratio of EC in drug layer, CA in membrane, and castor oil layer in pellet, the less the drug release is observed. Formation and the amount of pores in membrane is observed by SEM.
Japan (1973)

Journal Article Japan Get access Yoshio Suzuki Yoshio Suzuki 1Yoshio Suzuki is Counsellor on Criminal Law, Criminal Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Justice of Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 21, Issue 2, Spring 1973, Pages 287–303, https://doi.org/10.2307/839125 Published: 01 April 1973
Uncertainty estimation of measurement using a vector network analyzer (2003)

In this study, we propose a specification which is able to estimate the uncertainty more easily and quickly and also able to maintain a confidence level when measuring the magnitude and phase of 1-port and 2-port transmission /spl middot/ reflection coefficient using a VNA and attached coaxial cable probes. This proposed specification is available when it needs extra special condition of uncertainty estimation and when there is no additional standard equipment such as a beadless airline or mismatch standard at the measurement institute. We compare and examine this proposed uncertainty estimation method with recommends the EA specification and Agilent specification. As a result, we think that this proposed specification can be used as a reference for uncertainty estimation and calculation of a VNA system, that is, a reference based on the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements.
Mifepristone (RU‐486), the Recently Developed Antiprogesterone Drug and Its Analogues (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Management of variceal bleeding (2002)

Variceal hemorrhage complicates cirrhosis in as many as 50% of patients and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. This review covers all areas of importance in the prevention and treatment of this area, highlighting recent developments. Primary prophylaxis prevents first bleed, and pharmacotherapy with beta-blockade is the most widely accepted option. In an acute variceal hemorrhage, initial resuscitation and multiple organ support are paramount and are recommended along with antibiotic prophylaxis and specific medical therapies that may be given empirically before emergency endoscopy to reduce bleeding. Endoscopic techniques usually arrest bleeding, but when they fail, salvage therapy in the form of balloon tamponade, then transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts or surgery, may be appropriate. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent rebleeding is often instituted in the ICU and is vital to prevent recurrence of this life-threatening complication.
Correlation and aliasing in dynamic branch predictors (1996)

Previous branch prediction studies have relied primarily upon the SPECint89 and SPECint92 benchmarks for evaluation. Most of these benchmarks exercise a very small amount of code. As a consequence, the resources required by these schemes for accurate predictions of larger programs have not been clear. Moreover, many of these studies have simulated a very limited number of configurations. Here we report on simulations of a variety of branch prediction schemes using a set of relatively large benchmark programs that we believe to be more representative of likely system workloads. We have examined the sensitivity of these prediction schemes to variation in workload, in resources, and in design and configuration. We show that for predictors with small available resources, aliasing between distinct branches can have the dominant influence on prediction accuracy. For global history based schemes, such as GAs and gshare, aliasing in the predictor table can eliminate any advantage gained through inter branch correlation. For self-history based prediction scheme, such as PAs, it is aliasing in the buffer recording branch history, rather than the predictor table, that poses problems. Past studies have sometimes confused these effects and allocated resources incorrectly.
Coiled Tubing Velocity Strings - Expanding the Cases (1998)

Abstract Coiled tubing is a preferred remedial method of extending the flowing life for gas wells. but selection of a size that will accomplish the task of removing bottomhole liquids is not simple. The difficult, in predicting results that guide coiled tubing selectivity is partly caused by the changing gas to liquid flow rates in the wellbore as the accumulated liquid discharges. This paper provides a guide to the prediction making process, with emphasis on the modeling methods which are needed. The variables that serve as indicators of the viability of each tubing size are velocity and liquid holdup. The values that should be used for criteria were reviewed in SPE 30197, Modeling Coiled Tubing Velocity Strings for Gas Wells. Those criteria are used with the prediction procedure to expand the selection process to cover a wider range of coiled tubing sizes and gas-liquid flow rates. P. 111
Drugs That Bind to α-Synuclein: Neuroprotective or Neurotoxic? (2015)

The misfolding of α-synuclein is a critical event in the death of dopaminergic neurons and the progression of Parkinson's disease. Drugs that bind to α-synuclein and form a loop structure between the N- and C-terminus tend to be neuroprotective, whereas others that cause a more compact structure tend to be neurotoxic. The binding of several natural products and other drugs that are involved in dopamine metabolism were investigated by nanopore analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry. The antinausea drugs, cinnarizine and metoclopramide, do not bind to α-synuclein, whereas amphetamine and the herbicides, paraquat and rotenone, bind tightly and cause α-synuclein to adopt a more compact conformation. The recreational drug, cocaine, binds to α-synuclein, whereas heroin and methadone do not. Metformin, which is prescribed for diabetes and is neuroprotective, binds well without causing α-synuclein to adopt a more compact conformation. Methylphenidate (ritalin) binds to sites in both the N- and C-terminus and causes α-synuclein to adopt a loop conformation. In contrast, amphetamine only binds to the N-terminus. Except for cinnarizine and metoclopramide, there is a good correlation between the mode of binding to α-synuclein and whether a drug is neuroprotective or neurotoxic.
Tools for rabies serology to monitor the effectiveness of rabies vaccination in domestic and wild carnivores. (2006)

Serology remains the only way to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination of humans and animals against rabies. Many techniques for determining the level of rabies antibodies have been described, including seroneutralisation techniques such as tests for fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (FAVN) and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition (RFFIT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in-vivo tests (the mouse neutralisation test, MNT). The need to verify the effectiveness of rabies vaccination has become widespread, particularly in the context of international trading of domestic carnivores from infected to rabies-free territories. The standardisation of serological techniques, approval of laboratories and proficiency tests are key concepts to ensure the practicability of such systems. Serological tests for rabies are also often used by laboratories in infected territories to assess the efficacy of campaigns aimed at the eradication of the disease via oral vaccination of wildlife. The adaptation of these methods should provide the means to titrate specific antibodies in dogs during mass parenteral vaccination in countries infected by canine rabies. However, in most cases these serological tests are carried without any standardised procedure. On the basis of our experience in rabies serology and its harmonisation throughout laboratories worldwide, we propose here an adapted standard technique for the serological monitoring for rabies in wildlife at the European level. Such harmonisation would allow the monitoring of vaccination campaigns to be enhanced by increasing the exchange of epidemiological data, with the ultimate goal being the eradication of rabies in Europe.
Optimization of a neural network for speaker and task dependent F/sub 0/-generation (2002)

The generation of a pleasant pitch contour is an important issue for the naturalness of each TTS system. Until now the results are far from being satisfactory. We present a speaker and task specific approach realized by a neural network. Personal and task specific characteristics are maintained and the demand of generalization decreases. Therefore the results in application can significantly be improved. Using an optimized network structure global and well localized patterns can be covered and trained simultaneously within one network. Correlation analysis of the data base versus the sensitivity of the trained network validates the importance of distinctive parameters in training. Based on this comparison we discuss the generalization properties of the NN trained speaker and task dependency. Finally a variation of the context range helps to find an optimized tuning of the input parameter set.
Inflammatory Reactions in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (2003)

Atherosclerosis and its complications constitute the most common causes of death in Western societies and Japan. Although several theories or hypotheses about atherogenesis have been proposed during the past decades, none can completely explain the whole process of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis because this disease is associated with multiple risk factors. In spite of this, the concept that atherosclerosis is a specific form of chronic inflammatory process resulting from interactions between plasma lipoproteins, cellular components ( monocyte/macrophages, T lymphocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells ) and the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall, is now well accepted. Histologically, atherosclerotic lesions from the early-stage ( fatty streak ) to more complicated lesions possess all the features of chronic inflammation. It has been demonstrated that atherogenic lipoproteins such as oxidized low density lipoprotein ( LDL ), remnant lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) and lipoprotein [ Lp ] ( a ) play a critical role in the pro-inflammatory reaction, whereas high density lipoprotein ( HDL ), anti-atherogenic lipoproteins, exert anti-inflammatory functions. In cholesterol-fed animals, the earliest events in the arterial wall during atherogenesis are the adhesion of monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells followed by the migration of these cells into the intima. It has been shown that these early events in atherosclerosis are triggered by the presence of high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in the plasma and are mediated by inflammatory factors such as adhesion molecules and cytokines in the arterial wall. The development of genetically modified laboratory animals ( transgenic and knock-out mice and transgenic rabbits ) has provided a powerful approach for dissecting individual candidate genes and studying their cause-and-effect relationships in lesion formation and progression. The purpose of this article is to review the recent progress regarding the inflammatory processes during the development of atherosclerosis based on both human and experimental studies. In particular, we will address the mechanisms of atherogenic lipoproteins in terms of inflammatory reactions associated with hypercholesterolemia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory reactions during atherogenesis may help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies to control, treat and prevent atherosclerosis in the future.
SPE (tm) regenerative hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells for extraterrestrial surface and microgravity applications (1990)

Viewgraphs on SPE regenerative hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells for extraterrestrial surface and microgravity applications are presented. Topics covered include: hydrogen-oxygen regenerative fuel cell energy storage system; electrochemical cell reactions; SPE cell voltage stability; passive water removal SPE fuel cell; fuel cell performance; SPE water electrolyzers; hydrophobic oxygen phase separator; hydrophilic/electrochemical hydrogen phase separator; and unitized regenerative fuel cell.
Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry (2003)

Contributors. Preface. Chapter 1. Sample Preparation: An Analytical Perspective (Somenath Mitra and Roman Brukh). SECTION A: EXTRACTION AND ENRICHMENT IN SAMPLE PREPARATION. Chapter 2. Principles of Extraction and the Extraction of Semivolatile Organics From Liquids (Martha J.M. Wells). Chapter 3. Extraction of Semivolatile Organic Compounds From Solid Matrices (Dawen Kou and Somenath Mitra). Chapter 4. Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds From Solids and Liquids (Gregory C. Slack, et al.). Chapter 5. Preparation of Samples for Metals Analysis (Barbara B. Kebbekus). SECTION B: SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS. Chapter 6. Sample Preparation in DNA Analysis (Satish Parimoo and Bhama Parimmo). Chapter 7. Sample Preparation in RNA Analysis (Bhama Parimoo and Satish Parimoo). Chapter 8. Techniques for the Extraction, Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids (Mahesh Karwa and Somenath Mitra). SECTION C: SAMPLE PREPARATION IN MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY. Chapter 9. Sample Preparation for Microscope and Spectroscopic Characterization of Solid Surfaces and Films (Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay). Chapter 10. Surface Enhancement by Sample and Substrate Preparation Techniques in Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy (Zafar Iqbal). Index.