gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conducting Thin Films Formed by Electron Bombardment of Substrate (1962)

A new technique for depositing thin films has been investigated. The method consists in decomposing molecules on a substrate by bombarding them with electrons, leaving metal atoms on the substrate. The film is formed selectively on the area of the substrate struck by the electrons. Stannous chloride was decomposed to metallic tin by electrons of about 200 ev energy. Tetrabutyltin was also studied. With the current densities available, tetrabutyltin was only partially decomposed, to form a semiconducting polymer film. Theoretical considerations suggest that the method should be applicable to a wide variety of metals.
Microglia Induce PDGFRB Expression in Glioma Cells to Enhance Their Migratory Capacity (2018)

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most aggressive and invasive primary brain tumors. The plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway drives HGG progression, and enhanced expression of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) is a well-established aberration in a subset of glioblastomas (GBMs). PDGFRA is expressed in glioma cells, whereas PDGFRB is mostly restricted to the glioma-associated stroma. Here we show that the spatial location of TAMMs correlates with the expansion of a subset of tumor cells that have acquired expression of PDGFRB in both mouse and human low-grade glioma and HCGs. Furthermore, M2-polarized microglia but not bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced PDGFRB expression in glioma cells and stimulated their migratory capacity. These findings illustrate a heterotypic cross-talk between microglia and glioma cells that may enhance the migratory and invasive capacity of the latter by inducing PDGFRB.
Relative value of carotenoids as precursors of vitamin A (1983)

The carotenoid pigments are very conspicuous in nature, owing to their yellow to red hues, and occur without exception in photosynthetic tissue. They are responsible for the colour in some species of yeast, bacteria and fungi as well as many vegetables and fruits. Although animals are incapable of de nmo synthesis, they are able to deposit the carotenoid pigment as absorbed or with some alteration of the basic structure. Thus, the red to yellow colour in the flesh, skin, shell or exoskeleton of salmon, lobster, crab, prawn, carp, flamingo, etc. is directly or indirectly diet-related. The intestinal cleavage of carotenoids to form vitamin A active retinoids represents the main contribution of the carotenoids to nutrition. The colour associated with foods such as vegetables, fruits, butter, egg yolks, salmon, etc. represents an aesthetic contribution made by these pigments.
The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall Polysaccharide<i>O-</i>Acetylation   (2015)

A mutation in the ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 (AXY9) gene was found to be causative for the decreased xyloglucan acetylation phenotype of the axy9.1 mutant, which was identified in a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. The axy9.1 mutant also exhibits decreased O-acetylation of xylan, implying that the AXY9 protein has a broad role in polysaccharide acetylation. An axy9 insertional mutant exhibits severe growth defects and collapsed xylem, demonstrating the importance of wall polysaccharide O-acetylation for normal plant growth and development. Localization and topological experiments indicate that the active site of the AXY9 protein resides within the Golgi lumen. The AXY9 protein appears to be a component of the plant cell wall polysaccharide acetylation pathway, which also includes the REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION and TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins. The AXY9 protein is distinct from the TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins, reported to be polysaccharide acetyltransferases, but does share homology with them and other acetyltransferases, suggesting that the AXY9 protein may act to produce an acetylated intermediate that is part of the O-acetylation pathway.
Communications between independently translated blocks (1962)

article Free Access Share on Communications between independently translated blocks Author: Peter Wegner School of Economics and Political Science, Univ. of London, London, England School of Economics and Political Science, Univ. of London, London, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 5Issue 7July 1962 pp 376–381https://doi.org/10.1145/368273.368279Published:01 July 1962Publication History 4citation241DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads241Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A mid-range 3D sonar (2013)

This paper describes a sonar system based on a hyperbolic-paraboloidal transducer beamformer. The array matrix composed of square sectioned elements is conformal to a doubly ruled surface of a hyperbolic paraboloid. The lines of elements in the array follow the surface rulings and are electrically configured to form multiple perpendicular linear array pairs. A multi-channel transmitter drives the transducer to ensonify an approximately square field of view of about 45 by 45 degrees either sequentially line by line or with a single ping. The multi-channel front end receiver allows simultaneous signal acquisition from receiver array lines. Unlike swath sounders, which rely on movement to build up a 3D image, this system is capable of generating a 3D image of the field while stationary. With a single channel transmitter and n-channel receiver it needs n pings to complete the image of the field. If wide band multichannel transmit-receive electronics is employed the number of pings required for full coverage can be reduced by introducing transmitted signal coding with subsequent discrimination of the received signals.
Anatomical classification of the shape and topography of the stomach (2011)

The aim of the study was to present the classification of anatomical variations of the stomach, based on the radiological and historical data. In years 2006-2010, 2,034 examinations of the upper digestive tract were performed. Normal stomach anatomy or different variations of the organ shape and/or topography without any organic radiologically detectable gastric lesions were revealed in 568 and 821 cases, respectively. Five primary groups were established: abnormal position along longitudinal (I) and horizontal axis (II), as well as abnormal shape (III) and stomach connections (IV) or mixed forms (V). The first group contains abnormalities most commonly observed among examined patients such as stomach rotation and translocation to the chest cavity, including sliding, paraesophageal, mixed-form and upside-down hiatal diaphragmatic hernias, as well as short esophagus, and the other diaphragmatic hernias, that were not found in the evaluated population. The second group includes the stomach cascade. The third and fourth groups comprise developmental variations and organ malformations that were not observed in evaluated patients. The last group (V) encloses mixed forms that connect two or more previous variations.
Nanostructured Ag<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>films with enhanced antibacterial activity (2008)

Ag(4)O(4) (i.e. silver(I)-silver(III) oxide) thin films with tailored structure and morphology at the nanoscale have been grown by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and they are shown to exhibit a very strong antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and to completely inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The formation of this particular high-valence silver oxide is explained in terms of the reactions occurring during the expansion of the ablated species in the reactive atmosphere, leading to the formation of low-stability Ag-O dimers and atomic oxygen, providing reactive species at the substrate where the film grows. PLD is shown to allow control of the structure (i.e. crystallinity and grain size) and of the morphology of the films, from compact and columnar to foam-like, thus allowing the deposition of nanocrystalline films with increased porosity and surface area. The antibacterial action towards E. coli is demonstrated and is shown to be superior to that of nanostructured Ag-based medical products. This can be related to the release of Ag ions with high oxidation number, which are known to be very reactive towards bacteria, and to the peculiar morphology at the nanoscale resulting in a large effective surface area.
Analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates among healthy blood donors and drug addicts in Chiang Mai, Thailand (1994)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates obtained from 25 anti-HCV antibody-positive healthy blood donors and 29 drug addicts in Chiang Mai, Thailand, were analyzed. HCV RNA was detected in 23 blood donor samples (92%) and 24 drug addict blood samples (83%) by PCR for a portion of the NS5 region. Subtype analysis revealed that HCV type 3a (HCV-3a) was the prevailing subtype (30%), which was followed in prevalence by HCV-1a (21%), -1b (13%), -3b (13%), and -6a (2%). Six (13%) of the 47 isolates showed low sequence similarities with known types and subtypes. The sequence variants could be grouped into four branches in a molecular evolutionary phylogenetic tree.
Perceptual Evaluation of Principal-Component-Based Synthesis of Musical Timbres (1995)

Harmonic-based analysis and resynthesis of musical instrument tones, for example, using the phase vocoder method, is a valuable technique, but its data representation is very large. However, this data set is usually highly redundant. Principal components analysis (PCA) can be used to encode such data into a smaller set of orthogonal basis vectors with minimal loss of information. Techniques for applying PCA to such data are explored, and the aural impact of the method on three tones (cello, trombone, and clarinet) are studied in two perception experiments. Results show that nearly identical resyntheses can be produced with a 40-70% data reduction. A preprocessing step called variable-duration temporal partitioning (VDTP) is introduced, which also affords a natural-sounding method for time expansion and contraction of tones. An extension of the PCA technique is also introduced that implements a timbre space, or coordinate system for interpolation among a group of musical instruments.
SDF-1 <sub>α</sub> /CXCR4: A Mechanism for Hepatic Oval Cell Activation and Bone Marrow Stem Cell Recruitment to the Injured Liver of Rats (2002)

Stromal derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1alpha) and its receptor CXCR4 have been shown to play a role in the systematic movement of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the fetal and adult stages of hematopoiesis. Under certain physiological conditions liver oval cells can participate in the regeneration of the liver. We have shown that a percentage of oval cells are of hematopoietic origin. Others have shown that bone marrow derived stem cells can participate in liver regeneration as well. In this study we examined the role of SDF-1alpha and its receptor CXCR4 as a possible mechanism for oval cell activation in oval cell aided liver regeneration. In massive liver injury models where oval cell repair is involved hepatocytes up-regulate the expression of SDF-1alpha, a potent chemoattractant for hematopoietic cells. However, when moderate liver injury occurs, proliferation of resident hepatocytes repairs the injury. Under these conditions SDF-1alpha expression is not up-regulated and oval cells are not activated in the liver. In addition, we show that oval cells express CXCR4, the only known receptor for SDF-1alpha. Lastly, in vitro chemotaxis assays demonstrated that oval cells migrate along a SDF-1alpha gradient which suggests that the SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 interaction is a mechanism by which the oval cell compartment could be activated and possibly recruit a second wave of bone marrow stem cells to the injured liver. In conclusion, these experiments begin to shed light on a possible mechanism, which may someday lead to a better understanding of the hepatic and hematopoietic interaction in oval cell aided liver regeneration.
Particle Sizes of Fumed Oxides: A New Approach Using PCS Signals (2003)

Abstract Fumed oxides produced in gas‐phase processes, such as silicas and aluminum oxide, consist of a cluster of aggregated primary particles. The aggregate size of these particles is an important variable in many applications. However, current procedures for measuring particle sizes all assume that the particles have a spherical shape and are thus not truly capable of determining aggregate size. The results of such particle size measurements are consequently called “equivalent spherical diameter” (ESD), but these results vary from method to method. This publication shows that it is feasible to use the number of primary particles per aggregate, rather than the ESD, as a measure for the particle size of clusters of this type. The method is based on dynamic light scattering (photon correlation spectroscopy, PCS), which has proven itself in the analysis of fumed oxides. A numerical simulation based on random, computer‐generated model aggregates is used to modify the well‐known Stokes‐Einstein equation so that the number of primary particles can be determined.
Leflunomide, a Reversible Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (2016)

A screening study aimed at identifying inhibitors of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), among clinically used drugs have indicated that the antirheumatic drug, leflunomide, is an inhibitor of both MAO isoforms. Leflunomide inhibits human MAO-A and MAO-B and exhibits IC<sub>50</sub> values of 19.1 μM and 13.7 μM, respectively. The corresponding K<sub>i</sub> values are 17.7 μM (MAO-A) and 10.1 μM (MAO-B). Dialyses of mixtures of the MAO enzymes and leflunomide show that inhibition of the MAOs by leflunomide is reversible. The principal metabolite of leflunomide, teriflunomide (A77 1726), in contrast is not an MAO inhibitor. This study concludes that, although leflunomide is only moderately potent as an MAO inhibitor, isoxazole derivatives may represent a general class of MAO inhibitors and this heterocycle may find application in MAO inhibitor design. In this respect, MAO inhibitors are used in the clinic for the treatment of depressive illness and Parkinson's disease, and are under investigation as therapy for certain types of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and age-related impairment of cardiac function.
Identification of a Heparin Binding Domain in the N-terminal Cleavage Site of Pro-islet Amyloid Polypeptide (2001)

Islet amyloid deposits are a characteristic pathologic lesion of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes and are composed primarily of the islet beta cell peptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) as well as the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. Impaired processing of the IAPP precursor has been implicated in the mechanism of islet amyloid formation. The N- and C-terminal cleavage sites where pro-IAPP is processed by prohormone convertases contain a series of basic amino acid residues that we hypothesized may interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This possibility was tested using affinity chromatography by applying synthetic fragments of pro-IAPP to heparin-agarose and heparan sulfate-Sepharose. An N-terminal human pro-IAPP fragment (residues 1-30) was retained by both heparin-agarose and heparan sulfate-Sepharose, eluting at 0.18 m NaCl at pH 7.5. Substitution of alanine residues for two basic residues in the N-terminal cleavage site abolished heparin and heparan sulfate binding activity. At pH 5.5, the affinity of the wild-type peptide for heparin/heparan sulfate was increased, implying a role for histidine residues at positions 6 and 28 of pro-IAPP. A C-terminal pro-IAPP fragment (residues 41-67) had no specific affinity for either heparin or heparan sulfate, and the N- or C-terminal fragments had only weak affinity for chondroitin sulfate. These data suggest that monomeric N-terminal human pro-IAPP contains a heparin binding domain that is lost during normal processing of pro-IAPP.
HF 125 W half-loop antennas in ALE and ECCM for land mobile, navy and helicopter use (2000)

This paper describes a small sized mobile HF half-loop antenna and its integrated agile coupler designed to work with a 125 W transceiver in automatic link establishment (ALE) and/or frequency hopping (FH). This equipment is a 50 Ω antenna which comprises a digital tuning circuit for fast switching in transmission-reception (traffic mode), and an active wide-band circuit for continuous reception (scanning mode). The half-loop concept can apply to small vehicles, shelters, ships, helicopters and airplanes, and can be extended to base stations and large ships with a full loop configuration using the same tuning circuits.
D3MAC (1990)

AS industrial monitor and control systems grow in both size and sophistication, the demands placed upon the man‐machine interface (MMI) increase to the point at which there are significant advantages to be gained from separating the data distribution and display function from the rest of the system. One of the main benefits of such an approach is the elimination of ‘knock‐on’ effects from changes in the way the data is distributed, manipulated and displayed. In a system where data distribution and display are an integral part of the total monitor and control system, changes to one part of the system can result in unexpected and far reaching effects on the whole system. As a result, changes which would improve the MMI aspects of the system are often not implemented.
In vitro synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase. Purification and characterization of NifB cofactor, the product of NIFB protein. (1994)

The requirement of NIFB activity for the biosynthesis of iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) can be satisfied by the addition of the low molecular weight product of NIFB, termed NifB cofactor (NifB-co). NifB-co has been purified to homogeneity by a unique one-step method. Addition of NifB-co into the FeMo-co synthesis system generated nitrogenase activity of 27-32 nmol of ethylene formed/min/nmol of iron. Iron is the only metal detected in the NifB-co. NifB-co-dependent in vitro FeMo-co synthesis is absolutely dependent on the presence of molybdate, homocitrate and active NIFNE protein in the reaction mixture. The cofactor appears to be a small Fe-S cluster synthesized by NIFB, as a precursor of FeMo-co. NifB-co did not display any EPR signal at 4 K in 0-4000 gauss range. A solution of NifB-co is greenish-brown in color, similar to FeMo-co. NifB-co exhibits a broad absorbance between 400 and 700 nm with no distinctive peaks or shoulders. NifB-co is stable to repeated freeze-thaw cycles and is also stable in N-methylformamide, the solvent used for the isolation of FeMo-co. The NifB-co is stable to a 5-min heat treatment at 60 degrees C. The cofactor is extremely O2-labile, with half-life of less then 15 s in air.
Cancer pain and the importance of its control (1995)

In 1985 there were almost 5 million deaths from cancer, and it is estimated that in 2015 there will be over 9 million, of which almost three-quarters will be in developing countries. Seventy to eighty per cent of these patients will experience moderate or severe pain at some stage of their illness and at present most of these will die in pain. This is true in spite of the fact that there is substantial evidence which shows that in as many as 80% of patients with cancer pain it is possible to obtain complete relief with orally administered analgesics, either alone or supplemented with co-analgesic (adjuvant) drugs. Management is based on the three-step analgesic ladder whereby the choice of analgesic (non-opioid, weak opioid, or strong opioid) is determined by the severity of pain. The main reasons for failure to achieve control of pain are inexperience and lack of knowledge of the simple principles of effective analgesic use, and in many countries the non-availability of strong opioid analgesics. The most important advances in management have been the simplification and refinement of analgesic treatment which have made relief of cancer pain more widely accessible to patients. The introduction of controlled-release oral formulations of morphine has had a considerable impact because they are convenient and simple to use. The recent development of a long-acting non-invasive transdermal delivery system for strong opioid administration promises a further step forward in terms of flexibility and convenience for cancer patients.
Mechanical Properties of High Temperature Sintered P/M 409LE and 409LNi Stainless Steels Utilized in the Manufacturing of Exhaust Flanges and Oxygen Sensor Bosses (2003)

Powder metal (P/M) 400 series stainless steel exhaust components (flanges and oxygen sensor bosses) are being increasingly used in US made automobiles. These components are shown to have superior leak-tightness and resistance to corrosion and oxidation, when compared to wrought stainless steel exhaust components. This paper compares the yield, tensile, impact, and fatigue strengths of two popular exhaust component materials, namely 409LE and 409LNi (a nickel-modified version of 409L), in the as-sintered condition. Data presented are based on samples sintered in 100% hydrogen using a commercial sintering practice, exhibiting sintered densities in the range of 7.2 to 7.3 g/cm 3 . Fatigue strengths were determined using the rotating beam test method, per MPIF Standard 56.
Parietal Cell Protrusions and Dilated Oxyntic Glands from Use of Vonoprazan (2017)

Miyamoto, Shuichi MD, PhD; Matsuno, Yoshihiro MD, PhD; Kato, Mototsugu MD, PhD; Kudo, Takahiko MD, PhD; Ono, Shouko MD, PhD; Shimizu, Yuichi MD, PhD; Sakamoto, Naoya MD, PhD Author Information
Transferrin as a Metal Ion Mediator (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleTransferrin as a Metal Ion MediatorHongzhe Sun, Hongyan Li, and Peter J. SadlerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2817–2842Publication Date (Web):August 21, 1999Publication History Received9 March 1999Revised14 June 1999Published online21 August 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980430whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980430wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2565Altmetric-Citations332LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Ions,Iron,Metals,Receptors Get e-Alerts