gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD88 antibodies specifically bind to C5aR on dermal CD117+ and CD14+ cells and react with a desmosomal antigen in human skin (1996)

The expression of the C5aR (CD88) on human epidermal and dermal cells was studied with five anti-C5aR mAb directed to the N-terminal domain of the receptor. All mAb bound to suspended dermal CD117+ mast cells and to dermal CD14+ cells. The binding to CD14+ and CD117+ cells could be blocked by rC5a and by peptide EX-1 representing amino acid residues 1-31 of the C5aR. In acetone-fixed frozen or in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, we detected a binding of the Abs to dermal perivascular cells and, additionally, to keratinocytes and dermal epithelial cells that could be blocked by EX-1. Immunoelectromicroscopy revealed a binding of anti-C5aR mAb to desmosomal regions in human epidermis. However, the following results indicate that CD88 mAb cross-react with epithelium in a specific way: 1) the binding to suspended epidermal cells and to the epidermal cell line HaCat could be blocked by EX-1 but not by rC5a; 2) FITC-labeled C5a bound to CD117+ and to CD14+ cells but not to epidermal cells; 3) C5a led to transient calcium fluxes in CD14+ and CD117+ dermal but not in epidermal cells; 4) C5aR mRNA was detectable by reverse transcription PCR in granulocytes but not in keratinocytes or in HaCat. Our results show that CD88 mAb are good tools for the investigation of the C5aR on hemopoietic cells. Results with epithelial cells should be considered with caution, as the binding of CD88 mAb that were raised to a synthetic peptide sequence may be due to a cross-reactivity.
Expression of CD45RB functionally distinguishes intestinal T lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease (2004)

The importance of CD45RB expression on T cells was already shown in mice where CD45RB(high) expression determines pathogenic potential. In this study, we analyzed the expression of CD45RA, CD45RB, and CD45RO on CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa and in the circulation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we studied the cytokine profile of these cells. In the circulation, virtually all CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells expressed the naive marker CD45RA, and circulating CD4(+)CD45RB(low) cells expressed the memory marker CD45RO in IBD patients and a control patient population. In contrast, the intestinal CD4(+) CD45RB(high) T cells are in normal controls for 90% CD45RO(+). However, in IBD, 27.7% [Crohn's disease (CD)] and 49% [ulcerative colitis (UC)] of the intestinal CD4(+) CD45RB(high) T cells are CD45RA(+). This special CD4CD45RA(+) T cell in IBD can be found in the lamina propria as well as in lymphoid follicles (confocal laser-scanning microscopy). The CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T lymphocytes produce significantly less interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 and produce more tumor necrosis factor alpha than CD45RB(low) T lymphocytes in control patients. CD4(+)CD45RB(low) T cells from IBD patients produced less IL-10 than CD4(+)CD45RB(low) T lymphocytes of controls, and interferon-gamma production by both T lymphocyte subsets was decreased in IBD. These data indicate that CD and UC are characterized by an influx of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T lymphocytes. These CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T lymphocytes seem to be important in the pathogenesis of IBD, as they produce more proinflammatory cytokines and less anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with CD4(+)CD45RB(low) T lymphocytes.
A new moment generation technique for interconnects characterized by measured or calculated S-parameters (2002)

In this paper we propose a new method for moment calculation appropriate for dispersive, lossy interconnects and related package discontinuities, transitions and junctions that are modeled in terms of either numerically extracted or measured frequency-dependent scattering parameters. The method first constructs a local regional function approximation to the frequency domain measured data around an expansion point, and then finds the moments easily from the rational function. Comparisons with real measurements are presented which demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
Macrophage infiltration and its prognostic relevance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2011)

Most malignant tumors evidence infiltration of many macrophages. In this study, we investigated an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M2) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using CD163 and CD204 as markers. Immunostaining showed a correlation between the number of CD163(+) cells and age, sex, nuclear grade, and TNM classification. High infiltration of CD163(+) cells was significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. We also carried out in vitro studies to examine cell-cell interactions between macrophages and cancer cells. Culture supernatants from RCC cell lines induced polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Coculture of macrophages with cancer cells significantly induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (Stat3) in the cancer cells. Direct coculture of RCC cells with macrophages led to stronger activation of Stat3 in the cancer cells than did indirect coculture using Transwell chamber dishes. Because RCC cells expressed membrane-type macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mM-CSF) on the cell surface, we suggested that this mM-CSF plays an important role in direct cell-cell interactions. Stat3 activation in cancer cells that was induced by coculture with macrophages was suppressed by downregulation of the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) in macrophages and by an inhibitor of M-CSFR. In conclusion, investigation of CD163(+) tumor-associated macrophages would be useful for assessment of the clinical prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Cell-cell interactions mediated by mM-CSF and M-CSFR binding could contribute to cancer cell activation.
A role for Jun-N-terminal kinase in anoikis; suppression by bcl-2 and crmA. (1996)

The disruption of interactions between extracellular matrix and specific cognate integrins triggers apoptosis in epithelial cells, in a process termed "anoikis." To understand anoikis, the connections between epithelial cell integrin signaling and the apoptosis-regulatory proteins are being explored. We report herein that early after detachment from matrix, epithelial cells activate Jun-N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs; alternatively known as Stress-activated Protein Kinases), which are also activated by other apoptotic stimuli. The activity of this pathway was required for anoikis. Another early response to cell suspension was the activation of the ICE-related cysteine protease, ICE/LAP3; this activation and anoikis were suppressed by the ICE-protease inhibitor, crmA. The overexpression of bcl-2 suppressed ICE/LAP3 activation as well. Surprisingly, bcl-2 and crmA attenuated the activation of JNKs following cell suspension, suggesting that the JNK pathway is regulated directly or indirectly by proteolysis. In addition, the blockage of the JNK pathway attenuated the activation of ICE/LAP3, suggesting a positive feedback loop between the ICE and JNK systems. These results indicate the following sequence of information flow in anoikis: integrins-->bcl-2/bax-->(ICE-proteases<-->JNK)-->apopt osis. Cell-cell interactions, which were previously shown to sensitize cells to anoikis, caused bcl-2 mRNA to be downregulated, a permissive event for downstream apoptotic signaling.
The proton-transfer laser. Gain spectrum and amplification of spontaneous emission of 3-hydroxyflavone (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe proton-transfer laser. Gain spectrum and amplification of spontaneous emission of 3-hydroxyflavoneP. Chou, D. McMorrow, T. J. Aartsma, and M. KashaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 20, 4596–4599Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150664a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j150664a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views962Altmetric-Citations353LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enzymic activity of chymotrypsin and its poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates toward low and high molecular weight substrates (1993)

Native chymotrypsin and its polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates, obtained using the succinimidyl carbonate of methoxy-PEG (SC-PEG) as the amino group modifying reagent, were tested for their activity toward several low and high molecular weight substrates. Tripeptide and tetrapeptide p-nitroanilides either as N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives or attached via their N-terminals to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers or to PEG, as well as the proteins albumin and azoalbumin, were used as substrates. Extensively modified chymotrypsin bearing on average of 14 PEG chains per chymotrypsin molecule (PEG14CHT) and a moderately modified one containing 10 PEG chains (PEG10CHT) both degraded the low molecular weight p-nitroanilides at rates comparable to, and in the case of PEG10CHT, greater than, the rates exhibited by the native enzyme. Synthetic high molecular weight substrates and azoalbumin were also degraded by the PEG-modified enzymes. However, rates of such enzymatic reactions were lower for the PEG-enzymes than for the native one. Native albumin, as compared to azoalbumin, resisted degradation by both PEGCHTs yet was readily digested by the native chymotrypsin. The results obtained indicate that substrate-size-dependent specificity of PEG-modified enzymes cannot be explained solely by steric hindrance considerations. The decreased activity of PEG-enzymes toward protein substrates is consistent with the well-documented ability of PEG to exclude proteins from its surroundings and with the influence of protein unfolding on the susceptibility to degradation.
Distribution of Clinically Relevant<i>Borrelia</i>Genospecies in Ticks Assessed by a Novel, Single-Run, Real-Time PCR (2002)

A LightCycler-based PCR protocol was developed which targets the ospA gene for the identification and quantification of the different Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in culture and in ticks, based on the use of a fluorescently labeled probe (HybProbe) and an internally labeled primer. The detection limit of the PCR was 1 to 10 spirochetes. A melting temperature determined from the melting curve of the amplified product immediately after thermal cycling allowed the differentiation of the three different B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii) that are clinically relevant in Europe in a single PCR run. This method represents a simplified approach to study the association of different Borrelia species in ticks, the risk of Lyme borreliosis, and the putatively species-specific clinical sequelae. To determine the reliability of the real-time PCR protocol, we studied the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato infection in Ixodes ricinus ticks. A total of 1,055 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in five different sites in the region of Konstanz (south Germany) and were examined for the distribution of B. burgdorferi species by real-time PCR. The mean infection rate was 35%. Of 548 adult ticks, 40% were positive, and of 507 nymphs, 30% were positive. The predominant genospecies (with 18% mixed infections) in the examined areas was B. afzelii (53%), followed by B. garinii (18%) and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (11%); 0.8% of the infecting Borrelia could not be identified.
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Human Aging (1998)

The mitochondrial respiratory system is the major intracellular source of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, which are generated as byproducts during the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to molecular oxygen under normal physiological conditions. An age-dependent increase in the fraction of these toxic byproducts that may escape the defense mechanism of human and animal cells can induce a broad spectrum of oxidative damage to the biomolecules in the mitochondria and the cell as a whole. Abundant evidence has been gathered to suggest that an elevation of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damages gradually occur in the mitochondria of tissue cells during aging. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), while not protected by histones or DNA-binding proteins, is continually exposed to a high steady-state level of ROS and free radicals in the matrix of the mitochondria. Thus, oxidative modification and mutation of mtDNA occur with great ease, and the extent of such alterations of mtDNA increases exponentially with age. The concurrent enhancement of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in mitochondria elicited by the ever-increasing amount of the ROS further aggravate the mutation and oxidative damage to mtDNA in the aging process. The respiratory enzymes containing the defective mtDNA-encoded protein subunits exhibit impaired electron transport function and thereby increase the electron leak and ROS production, which in turn elevate the oxidative stress and oxidative damage to mitochondria. This vicious cycle operates in various tissue cells at different rate and leads to differential accumulation of oxidatively modified and mutant mtDNAs. This may explain the difference in functional decline and structural deterioration of different organs and tissues in human aging. The central role that alterations of the mitochondria and mtDNA may play in aging and age-related degenerative diseases is discussed in relation to the "Mitochondrial theory of aging."
Quantum Assisted Electrometry using Bright Atomic Resonances (2012)

We demonstrate a new method for measuring radio frequency (RF) electric fields based on quantum interference in an atom. Using a bright resonance prepared within an electromagnetically induced transparency window we are able to achieve a sensitivity of ~ 30 μV cm^-1 sqrt(Hz)^-1. For this work, we demonstrated detection of RF electric fields as small as ~ 8 μV cm^-1. The sensitivity is currently limited by the spectral bandwidth of the lasers used in the experiment and can be significantly improved in the future. The method can serve as a new quantum based standard for RF electrometry. The reproducibility, accuracy and stability of using a quantum system for measuring RF electric fields promises to advance electrometry to the current levels of magnetometry.
Rotating vectorial vortices produced by space-variant subwavelength gratings (2005)

A new class of vectorial vortex based on coherent addition of two orthogonal circularly polarized Bessel beams of identical order but with different propagation constants is presented. The transversely space-variant axially symmetric polarization distributions of these vectorial fields rotate as they propagate, while they maintain a propagation-invariant Bessel intensity distribution. These properties were demonstrated by use of discrete space-variant subwavelength gratings for 10.6 microm CO2 laser radiation. The polarization properties were verified by both full space-variant polarization analysis and measurements. Rotating intensity patterns are also demonstrated by transmitting the vectorial vortices through a linear polarizer.
Autocides and a paracide, antibiotic TA, produced byMyxococcus xanthus (1996)

Myxococcus xanthus produces two categories of low molecular weight antibacterial materials, autocides and paracides, that have diametrically opposite host ranges. Low concentrations of autocides lyseM. xanthus, the producing organism, whereas paracides exert their effects on other bacteria. Antibiotic TA (a paracide) kills all growing bacteria tested that have a peptidoglycan cell wall exceptM. xanthus. It is a macrocyclic polyketide with a molecular weight of 623. The two major autocides produced byM. xanthus are phosphatidylethanolamine and a mixture of fatty acids. The modes of action, host ranges and biosynthesis of antibiotic TA and the autocides are presented, and then an attempt is made to explain their role in the complex life cycle ofM. xanthus. In addition, the remarkable adhesion properties of antibiotic TA and a new semisynthetic derivative of it, focusin, are presented.
A DEGREE CONDITION FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CONNECTED [k, k + 1]-FACTORS (1995)

The following result is proved in this paper.Let k be an integer 2 2 and G be a connected graph of order n.If G has a k-factor F and,moreover, among any three independent venices of G there are(at least)two venices with degree sum at least n-k,then G has a matching M such that M and F are edge-disjoint and M + F is a connected [k,k + 1]-factor of G.As immediate consequences,the result gives a solution to a problem and a proof to a conjecture of Kano on the existence of connected [k, k + 1]-factor.
Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan Content of Microorganisms (1961)

As part of a survey to determine the suitability of microorganisms as sources of protein and amino acids, the lysine, methionine, and tryptophan in the cells of 271 strains of yeasts were determined.Yeast cells are an established source of proteins and vitamins in feeds.As a group, yeast possess certain advantages for large-scale propagation of cells.They can be grown easily on a variety of carbohydrate substrates and the cells can be separated conveniently from the culture liquor and dried.The lysine, methionine, and tryptophan contents of bacteria were reported in a previous publication (Anderson et al., 1958). 1I\ETHODSProduction of cells.The representative yeasts studied during this work were selected from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Culture Collection maintained by the Fermentation Laboratory at the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division.The yeasts first were grown on slant cultures on a medium composed of glucose, 1 per cent; peptone, 0.5 per cent; yeast extract, 0.3 per cent; malt extract, 0.3 per cent; and agar, 2.0 per cent.Cells washed from 24-to 48-hrold slant cultures of the yeasts grown on this medium were used as inocula for flask cultures.The cells used for analysis were obtained from cultures of the yeasts in a medium containing (per L): commercial glucose, 33 g; yeast extract, 2.5 g; urea, 2.0 g; KH2PO4, 1.5 g; and MgSO4.7H20, 0.5 g.Portions (140 ml) of this medium, contained in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, were inoculated with 10 ml cell suspensions and incubated for 66 hr at 28 C on a rotary shaker.At the end of the fermentation period, the cultures were adjusted with distilled water to their original volumes (150 ml) and the cells were harvested by filtration of the cultures under vacuum through fine texture filter paper2 in Buchner funnels.The clear filtrates were removed and refrigerated after determination of the pH.Yeast cells
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Tandem Michael−Henry Reactions: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Cyclohexanes with Two Quaternary Stereocenters (2008)

A novel organocatalytic asymmetric tandem Michael-Henry reaction catalyzed by 9-amino-9-deoxyepiquinine (VI) has been developed. The reaction was efficiently catalyzed by catalyst VI to give highly functionalized cyclohexanes with four stereogenic carbons including two quaternary stereocenters in excellent enantioselectivities (97 to >99% ee) and high diastereoselectivities (93:7-99:1 dr). Thus, the first organocatalytic asymmetric Henry reaction of common ketones as acceptors is shown.
Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α predicts early relapse in breast cancer: Retrospective study in a series of 745 patients (2005)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a transcription factor that is involved in tumour growth and metastasis by regulating genes involved in response to hypoxia. HIF-1alpha protein overexpression has been shown in a variety of human cancers, but only 2 studies have documented the prognostic relevance of HIF-1alpha expression in breast cancer. The aim of our study was to determine accurately the impact of HIF-1alpha expression on prognosis in a large series (n = 745) of unselected patients with invasive breast cancer in terms of overall survival, local recurrence and distant metastasis risk. HIF-1alpha expression was investigated using immunohistochemical assays on frozen sections, and correlated with patients' outcome (median follow-up = 13.5 years). Univariate (Kaplan-Meier) analysis showed that high levels of HIF-1alpha expression (cutoff = 10%) significantly correlated with poor overall survival (p = 0.019). HIF-1alpha expression correlated with high metastasis risk among the whole group of patients (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis (Cox model) showed that the HIF-1alpha predictive value was independent of other current prognostic indicators. Moreover among node negative ones, HIF-1alpha expression was also significantly predictive of metastasis risk (p = 0.03) and of relapse (p = 0.035). All the data suggest that HIF-1alpha is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Furthermore HIF-1alpha immunodetection may be considered as a potential indicator for selecting patients who could benefit from specific therapies interfering with HIF-1alpha pathway.
Glucagon‐related peptides and the regulation of food intake in chickens (2016)

The regulatory mechanisms underlying food intake in chickens have been a focus of research in recent decades to improve production efficiency when raising chickens. Lines of evidence have revealed that a number of brain-gut peptides function as a neurotransmitter or peripheral satiety hormone in the regulation of food intake both in mammals and chickens. Glucagon, a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, has long been known to play important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mammals and birds. However, the glucagon gene encodes various peptides that are produced by tissue-specific proglucagon processing: glucagon is produced in the pancreas, whereas oxyntomodulin (OXM), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 are produced in the intestine and brain. Better understanding of the roles of these peptides in the regulation of energy homeostasis has led to various physiological roles being proposed in mammals. For example, GLP-1 functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain and as a postprandial satiety hormone in the peripheral circulation. There is evidence that OXM and GLP-2 also induce anorexia in mammals. Therefore, it is possible that the brain-gut peptides OXM, GLP-1 and GLP-2 play physiological roles in the regulation of food intake in chickens. More recently, a novel GLP and its specific receptor were identified in the chicken brain. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of glucagon-related peptides in the regulation of food intake in chickens.