gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene receptors and molecular mechanism of ethylene sensitivity in plants (2005)

A short post-harvest longevity remains a major limiting factor for many crops. Separation from plant leads quickly to ripening of fruits and senescence of flowers. In many species, ripening and senescence are ethylene-regulated. Thus, attempts have been made to retard the post-harvest processes by applying chemicals that in-hibit ethylene synthesis. The long-term solution will probably be based on genetically modified plants with genes that either suppress synthesis or reduce sensitivity to ethylene. Several genes that confer ethylene insensi-tivity are known, e.g. tomato Nr and dominant mu-tants of Arabidopsis ethylene receptor sensor genes, ETR and ERS. Transformation with the etr1-1 allele delays fruit ripening, flower senescence and flower ab-scission of tomato and petunia. After the successful iso-lation of the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene ETR1, many ETR1-like genes has been isolated, based on s-quence similarity and structural features, from various plant species. Characterization of ethylene receptor genes provides clues to understand how plants regulate their ethylene sensitivity. Therefore, an alteration of ethyl-ene action is a valuable target for the genetic engineering of crops. Manipulation of ethylene biosynthesis or percep-tion allows us to modulate these processes and thereby create plants with more robust and desirable traits, giving us a glimpse into the role of ethylene in the plant. The recent progress in genetic and protein analysis of ethylene receptors is summarized in this review. The possible strategies for altering the ethylene sensitivity of plants using ethylene receptor genes are also dis-cussed.
A Real-time Collaboration-enabled Mobile Augmented Reality System with Semantic Multimedia (2012)

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) enables overlays of semantically-enriched multimedia on video streams of smart phone cameras. These new ways to interact with digital objects via position and 3D movement can be helpful for on-site professional communities. However, current MAR applications lack real-t
The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Asia: the current state (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which imposes considerable negative impact on patients' function and quality of life, and it appears to entail substantial loss of work productivity and healthcare cost. Although much has been studied regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease activity, disease damage and pharmacological treatment of SLE, publications on the economic burden of lupus are scarce. As the majority of lupus patients are residing in the Asia Pacific region where many are financially and socially deprived, and, from what we know from the current literature, work disability of lupus patients in Asia is substantial, cost-of-illness studies on SLE are thus particularly relevant in countries around the region. Reliable data from properly conducted prospective SLE cost studies are imperative for policymakers to efficiently distribute healthcare resources, especially in Asia where limited resources are unable to cope with the huge population. In this paper, we review the current state of cost-of-illness research on lupus in Asia and analyze the reasons why such studies are urgently required in the Asia Pacific region.
Nanostructural conductivity and surface-potential study of low-field-emission carbon films with conductive scanning probe microscopy (1999)

Simultaneous surface topography and conductivity/potential measurements were carried out on low-field-emission (1 V/μm) carbon films by combining conductive atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The current image showed that highly conducting sites and nonconducting regions coexisted on a micro- and/or nanoscale. Further, in situ I–V characteristics of both regions demonstrated that the conducting sites have an Ohmic property, whereas nonconducting regions have a degenerated Schottky property. When combined with the current image, the contact potential difference image showed that the conducting sites have a highest contact potential difference of 0.5 V, which implies the existence of a graphite phase. It is revealed that the conducting channels play an important role in the low-field-emission process. It is also suggested that the combination of conductivity and surface-potential measurements is an effective method for investigating complex-phase nanostructural surfaces.
Control of Primary Silicon Crystal Size of Semi-Solid Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy by Slurry-Melt Mixing Process (1994)

The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy slurries with various mean sizes of primary silicon crystals were produced by the slurry-melt mixing process, in which the hypoeutectic alloy slurry and the hypereutectic alloy melt with various silicon contents were mixed and cooled under different environmental conditions. Two kinds of parameters were examined to evaluate the effect of the combination of the alloy composition on the primary silicon crystal size: one is related to the stability of the primary silicon crystals in the mixed alloy, and the other to the number of them which are to nucleate in the second alloy. It was elucidated that both of them provide a good guide on controlling the primary silicon crystal size. And it was also observed that the heat absorptivity of the mixing vessel plays a more important role in the refinement of the primary silicon crystals than the thermal condition of the atmosphere.
Vertical directionality-controlled metal-assisted chemical etching for ultrahigh aspect ratio nanoscale structures (2014)

High aspect ratio nanoscale features are becoming increasingly important in a wide range of applications. In this paper, the authors describe the concepts of vertical directionality-controlled metal-assisted chemical etching (V-MaCE) and demonstrate resolution and fabrication capabilities for V-MaCE in the context of x-ray diffractive optics. The authors fabricate x-ray grating structures having a period of 50 nm, 25 nm lines, and 25 nm spaces, with a thickness of 1.26 μm, and achieve an aspect ratio of ∼50:1. In order to maintain the vertical etching profiles of these deep structures, the authors demonstrate the design and usage of adjacent, outrigger, gratings to balance the electron-hole concentration.
Enhancement of anti‐tumor activity of 1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine by encapsulation in liposomes (1977)

Abstract 1‐β‐D‐Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara‐C) was encapsulated in four different types of unsonicated artificial vesicles of phospholipid (liposomes) to compare the anti‐tumor effect on mouse leukemia L1210 inoculated in CD2F, mice with that of free ara‐C. The anti‐tumor activity of ara‐C was markedly enhanced by encapsulation in liposomes when given in a single IP injection. Among the four types of liposomes, a physically stable and positively charged liposome consisting of sphingomyelin, stearylamine and cholesterol (20:2:15 molar ratio) most effectively enhanced the effect of ara‐C. A single IP dose of 50 mg/kg of ara‐C, encapsulated in this kind of liposome exhibited high activity, producing a survival rate of 60% of the treated mice at 60 days. This enhanced effect of ara‐C encapsulated in liposomes was also demonstrated when the drug was administered either IV or SC, and the range between the minimum effective and the maximum tolerable doses was wide enough to allow the safe use of the encapsulated ara‐C. Intra‐peritoneal administration of encapsulated ara‐C induced a more prolonged survival of mice inoculated with L1210 than did free ara‐C, regardless of whether it was given in single or multiple doses.
Anodic Iridium Oxide Films: XPS‐Studies of Oxidation State Changes and (1984)

The anodic oxidation of iridium and evolution on iridium oxide films in has been investigated using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The binding energy of the O 1s level decreases with anodic polarization of the electrode while the relative amount of oxygen compared to iridium remains constant. The XPS results are consistent with a model of subsequent deprotonation of the anodic iridium oxide upon anodic polarization. A reaction path for evolution and corrosion on iridium oxide is proposed. Valence band spectra of the oxide surfaces confirm the proposed model.
Silver Sulfadiazine: Effect on the Growth and Metabolism of Bacteria (1972)

Even though the addition of silver sulfadiazine (AgSu) to purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) results in the formation of AgSu-DNA complexes, no such complexes were detected in bacteria treated with AgSu. AgSu blocked macromolecular syntheses in treated bacteria, DNA synthesis being slightly more sensitive to this inhibitory action. The ribosomes, ribonucleic acid, and DNA isolated from treated cells were normal qualitatively. Bacteria deficient in DNA polymerase were not more sensitive than their parent strain to the lethal action of AgSu. Radioactive AgSu was localized mainly in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction of treated cells.
The selectivity of inhibitors of protein kinase CK2: an update (2008)

CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a very pleiotropic serine/threonine protein kinase whose abnormally high constitutive activity has often been correlated to pathological conditions with special reference to neoplasia. The two most widely used cell permeable CK2 inhibitors, TBB (4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzotriazole) and DMAT (2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole), are marketed as quite specific CK2 blockers. In the present study we show, by using a panel of approx. 80 protein kinases, that DMAT and its parent compound TBI (or TBBz; 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole) are potent inhibitors of several other kinases, with special reference to PIM (provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukaemia virus)1, PIM2, PIM3, PKD1 (protein kinase D1), HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2) and DYRK1a (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated kinase 1a). In contrast, TBB is significantly more selective toward CK2, although it also inhibits PIM1 and PIM3. In an attempt to improve selectivity towards CK2 a library of 68 TBB/TBI-related compounds have been tested for their ability to discriminate between CK2, PIM1, HIPK2 and DYRK1a, ending up with seven compounds whose efficacy toward CK2 is markedly higher than that toward the second most inhibited kinase. Two of these, K64 (3,4,5,6,7-pentabromo-1H-indazole) and K66 (1-carboxymethyl-2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole), display an overall selectivity much higher than TBB and DMAT when tested on a panel of 80 kinases and display similar efficacy as inducers of apoptosis.
Multi-axis Semi-active Vibration Control using Magnetorheological Technology (2008)

Parallel platform mechanisms with six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) are ideal candidates for precision positioning applications. Many of the precision positioning applications are located in environments where multi degrees of vibrations exist. From a design perspective, it will be logical to have a parallel platform mechanism, which is inherently an ideal mechanism for precise positioning, to provide vibration isolation at the same time. While passive vibration control and active vibration control have been extensively used in parallel platforms, a six DOF parallel platform which uses semi-active vibration control has not received as much attention. Advantages of semi-active control include reduced cost (by using a simpler actuator intended for only positioning), reduced power requirements, and improved stability. Within this work a six DOF parallel platform model is created. Each leg of the platform is modeled as a two DOF system with a coil-over magnetorheological (MR) damper for adjustable damping in series with an actuator used for positioning. The vibration isolation performance of the parallel platform mechanism and its positioning capability are quantified through simulations. Simulation results show that MR dampers are effective in six DOF vibration isolation applications when they are incorporated into parallel platform mechanisms.
Polymerization of substituted acetylenes by group 5 and 6 transition metal catalysts. (1985)

Group 6 transition metal catalysts (MoCl5, WCl6, MoCl5-Ph4Sn, WCl6-Ph4Sn, Mo (CO) 6-CCl4-hν, W (CO) 6-CCl4-hν etc) polymerized not only monosubstituted acetylenes (e. g., HC≡C-t-Bu) but also disubstituted acetylenes (e. g., CH3≡C_nPr, ClC≡CPh). Group 5 transition metal catalysts (NbCl5, TaCl5 etc), which selectively cyclotrimerize monosubstituted acetylenes, polymerized disubstituted acetylenes (e. g., CH3C≡CPh, CH3C≡CSi (CH3) 3). Thus these catalysts are especially effective to sterically hindered acetylenes for which Ziegler catalysts do not work. The structure and reactivity of monomers, polymer structure, and polymerization mechanism have been discussed. Interestingly, polymers with very high molecular weights (mot. wt. 105-106) were obtained from sterically rather hindered acetylenes (e. g., HC≡C-t-Bu, CH3C≡C-n-Pr, CH3C≡CPh, ClC≡CPh, CH3C≡CSi (CH3) 3). These polymers are generally white (or light yellow), soluble, amorphous, air-stable, electrically insulating, non-paramagnetic solids ; all these properties give a striking contrast to those of polyacetylene.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor, IFN-gamma, and acute lethality in mice by toxic and non-toxic forms of lipid A. (1988)

The effect of the i.v. administration of endotoxin (LPS), diphosphoryl lipid A, and the non-toxic derivative monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), on the production of serum cachectin (TNF), IFN-gamma, and the appearance of endotoxin shock have been measured in mice primed with Listeria monocytogenes. All three of the lipid A varieties induced the production of TNF in a dose-dependent manner. Although comparable peak levels of TNF were produced (5 X 10(5) to 1 X 10(6) U/ml), treatments with LPS or diphosphoryl lipid A were lethal whereas those with MPL were not. A study following TNF in the mouse sera for up to 24 h after treatment with the lipid A types showed that serum levels of TNF peaked 90 min after the treatment, and that TNF levels induced by LPS treatment were maintained for several hours longer than those induced by lipid A or MPL. All three molecules also resulted in the production of IFN-gamma in the serum, which peaked at 4 to 5 h after treatment. After 90 min there were no significant differences in the levels of serum IFN-gamma in any of the groups of treated animals. However, as was observed with the TNF, the levels of IFN in animals treated with LPS persisted longer than those induced by MPL or lipid A. These results suggest that the non-toxic MPL as well as the toxic forms of lipid A can induce the production of TNF by macrophages. Furthermore, although it is essential, TNF alone is not necessarily sufficient to induce septic shock in mice.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BROADBAND HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED OMNIDIRECTIONAL PLANAR ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAY FOR BASE STATIONS (2012)

A novel broadband horizontally polarized (HP) omnidirectional planar antenna is developed for mobile communications. The proposed antenna consists of four printed arc dipoles that form a circular loop for HP omnidirectional radiation. A broadband feeding network which includes four broadband baluns and an impedance matching circuit is designed to excite the four arc dipoles. An eight-element linear antenna array is developed for 2G/3G base stations. A broadband power divider is used to feed the antenna array. Experimental results show that the HP omnidirectional antenna element has a bandwidth of 31% (1.66-2.27 GHz) while its array has a bandwidth of 34% (1.67-2.35 GHz) and an omnidirectional antenna gain of 8 dBi. Both of the antenna element and its array have good omnidirectivity over the 10-dB return loss bandwidth. Simulated and measured results for the antenna element and its array are presented.
HER2 Activating Mutations Are Targets for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2015)

HER2 activating mutations cause EGFR antibody resistance in colorectal cell lines, and PDXs with HER2 mutations show durable tumor regression when treated with dual HER2-targeted therapy. These data provide a strong preclinical rationale for clinical trials targeting HER2 activating mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Acute Minocycline Treatment Mitigates the Symptoms of Mild Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents a significant challenge for the civilian and military health care systems due to its high prevalence and overall complexity. Our earlier works showed evidence of neuroinflammation, a late onset of neurobehavioral changes, and lasting memory impairment in a rat model of mild blast-induced TBI (mbTBI). The aim of our present study was to determine whether acute treatment with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug minocycline (Minocin(®)) can mitigate the neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with mbTBI, Furthermore, we aimed to assess the effects of the treatment on select inflammatory, vascular, neuronal, and glial markers in sera and in brain regions associated with anxiety and memory (amygdala, prefrontal cortex, ventral, and dorsal hippocampus) following the termination (51 days post-injury) of the experiment. Four hours after a single exposure to mild blast overpressure or sham conditions, we treated animals with a daily dose of minocycline (50 mg/kg) or physiological saline (vehicle) for four consecutive days. At 8 and 45 days post-injury, we tested animals for locomotion, anxiety, and spatial memory. Injured animals exhibited significantly impaired memory and increased anxiety especially at the later testing time point. Conversely, injured and minocycline treated rats' performance was practically identical to control (sham) animals in the open field, elevated plus maze, and Barnes maze. Protein analyses of sera and brain regions showed significantly elevated levels of all of the measured biomarkers (except VEGF) in injured and untreated rats. Importantly, minocycline treatment normalized serum and tissue levels of the majority of the selected inflammatory, vascular, neuronal, and glial markers. In summary, acute minocycline treatment appears to prevent the development of neurobehavioral abnormalities likely through mitigating the molecular pathologies of the injury in an experimental model of mbTBI.
Stimulation of the collagen α1(I) endogenous gene and transgene in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis (1993)

Cirrhosis is characterized by a marked increase in the deposition of type I collagen and in the expression of the type I collagen genes alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I). Although alpha 1(I) gene regulation has been extensively studied in cultured cells, these results may not be applicable to hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo. Therefore the regulation of the alpha 1(I) endogenous gene and an alpha 1(I) transgene was studied in a transgenic mouse model that has a single copy of a human alpha 1(I) gene segment containing the structural gene and 1.6 Kb of 5' DNA and 20 Kb of 3' DNA. To initiate hepatic fibrogenesis, we treated mice with the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride, either in a single dose or in biweekly doses for a period of 3 to 8 wk. Subsequently, hepatic alpha 1(I) messenger RNA levels were determined by a species-specific RNase protection assay. Carbon tetrachloride injections coordinately increased the messenger RNA levels of the alpha 1(I) endogenous gene and the transgene, both immediately and after 8 wk. These experiments demonstrate that this alpha 1(I) transgene fragment contains information sufficient for appropriate basal and carbon tetrachloride-stimulated hepatic expression. They further demonstrate that sufficient homology exists between the human and mouse regulatory elements for the recognition of human cis-acting elements by mouse trans-acting factors. Thus transgenic mice provide a unique model in which to characterize the collagen alpha 1(I) regulatory elements that are required in vivo for pathophysiological responses.
Aberrant expression of let-7a miRNA in the blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients (2011)

Abnormal expression of let-7a microRNA (miRNA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and tissue has been previously reported. Our objective was to investigate whether let-7a miRNA is aberrantly expressed in the blood of NSCLC patients. Using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), we analyzed let-7a miRNA in archived whole blood from 65 participants, 35 of whom had NSCLC and 30 of whom did not. Using RT-PCR, we also investigated the expression of let-7a miRNA in NSCLC cell lines (A549 and HCC 1588), a normal human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38) and in 40 human NSCLC tissues. The 2(-ddCt) of let-7a miRNA in the blood of normal subjects and those with NSCLC was 3242.49±355.28 and 747.85±177.74, respectively. The relative expression of let-7a miRNA in the A549 and HCC 1588 cancer cell lines was approximately 0.3 and 0.35, respectively, compared to WI-38 cells. The 2(-ddCt) of let-7a miRNA in the normal human lung tissues and human NSCLC tissues was 42.30±3.98 and 27.73±3.86, respectively. Let-7a miRNAs were under-expressed in the blood of NSCLC patients, as well as NSCLC cells and NSCLC tissues, compared to normal controls. The possibility of using let-7a miRNA as a serologic marker for lung cancer warrants further study.
THE ROCHESTER, N. Y., HEALTH FORUM (1958)

For success in establishing a public health forum it is not enough to choose timely subjects, engage competent speakers, and secure excellent publicity. Data show that the public wants to hear about medicine from the medical profession and that the profession can retain control of publicity, provide subjects and personnel for the program, and remain the sponsor while holding the financial outlay to a minimum. The panel type of program here described was the most successful and easiest to prepare. The participants appeared on television cognizant of their subject, and tape recordings of the rehearsals enabled each to hear the full effect of his own role as well as that of the program as a whole. Experience makes it possible to adapt the program to local conditions, and this endeavor can be rewarding alike to the public, the profession, and the individual participants.
A Low-IF CMOS Simultaneous GPS Receiver Integrated in a Multimode Transceiver (2007)

This paper describes a GPS receiver circuit that operates simultaneously with WCDMA/CDMA2000 transceivers. This receiver uses a low-IF architecture to minimize the external passive components. The RF front-end circuit dynamically adjusts the linearity performance based on the instantaneous transmitting power of the integrated transmitter. The receiver measured performances are >80dB gain, 2.0dB noise figure, >20dB image rejection, maximum out-of-band IIP3 is +6dBm. The synthesize features -132dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset frequency and a total integrated double sideband phase noise of less than -30dBc in the 100Hz to 1MHz band. The receiver is fabricated in a 0.18μm RFCMOS process, and draws 36.7mA at high linearity mode and 27.4mA at low linearity mode using switch mode power supply.
Sealed efficient excilamps excited by a capacitive discharge (1999)

The development of sealed XeCl (λ∼308 nm), KrCl (λ∼222 nm), and XeI (λ∼253 nm) excilamps excited by a capacitive rf discharge is reported. It is shown that highly efficient emission of exciplex molecules is achieved under capacitive discharge excitation and the emitter has a simple design. An average emission power of 3W was obtained with a ∼12% efficiency and the lifetime of the sealed excilamps was longer than 1000 h.