gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactose and Whey Utilization by Rats and Swine (1973)

The growth rate and feed efficiency of pigs fed a diet containing 10% dried whey and 20% alfalfa was less than with either treatment alone, suggesting a possible antagonism between alfalfa and whey. A digestibility trial with rats indicated that feeding lactose, a major constituent of whey, reduced the digestibility of alfalfa fiber and purified cellulose. In another rat experiment, the feeding of 10 or 20% lactose did not influence growth performance but with 30% lactose growth rate was significantly reduced (P<0.05). At each lactose level, either 10% cellulose, 30% alfalfa or no added fiber were used. There was a significant (P<0.05) fiber source X lactose level interaction, due to a better growth at the 30% lactose level with no added fiber. Examination of the effects of various materials on the interaction between lysine and lactose in heat-treated diets indicated that in contrast to earlier work, alfalfa did not stimulate lysine-lactose interactions (browning reaction). Possible explanations for this are discussed. Torula yeast, ascorbic acid and diammonium citrate additions improved growth, while citric acid, benzoic acid and diammonium phosphate were not effective. A comparison of various fat sources indicated that in general browning was more severe when unsaturated fats were used.
Modern imaging of the tracheo-bronchial tree (2010)

Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional (3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology, offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning. This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging, with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy, and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including, but not limited to, congenital large airway abnormalities, tracheobronchial stenoses, benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia. The importance of multiplanar reconstruction, 3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed.
MBE growth of laterally antiphase-patterned GaAs films using thin Ge layers for waveguide mixing (1998)

Summary form only given. The authors have developed an all-epitaxial technique to fabricate orientation-patterned GaAs films. This technique could make possible orientation-patterned waveguide devices with extremely small (<100 /spl Aring/) corrugations and thereby reduce associated waveguide losses in these devices, as scattering losses scale nonlinearily with corrugation amplitude.
Assistive infrared sensor based smart stick for blind people (2015)

Blind people need some aid to feel safe while moving. Smart stick comes as a proposed solution to improve the mobility of both blind and visually impaired people. Stick solution use different technologies like ultrasonic, infrared and laser but they still have drawbacks. In this paper we propose, light weight, cheap, user friendly, fast response and low power consumption, smart stick based on infrared technology. A pair of infrared sensors can detect stair-cases and other obstacles presence in the user path, within a range of two meters. The experimental results achieve good accuracy and the stick is able to detect all of obstacles.
REPORT OF THREE CASES WITH FURTHER DELINEATION OF THE CLINICAL, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL, AND GENETIC ASPECTS FO THE DISORDER (1973)

From the Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
A Unique Metabolite of Nimesulide*† (1997)

Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug recently detected in equine blood and urine samples taken at the race track. The detection of the drug in a blood sample led to the identification of an unknown thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) spot in track urine samples as a metabolite of nimesulide. Characterization of the unknown TLC spot and comparison with the synthesized compound shows that the unknown TLC spot is a previously unreported equine metabolite of nimesulide. The metabolite was identified as resulting from the reduction of the nitro group on nimesulide to an amino group. This reduced nitro metabolite (4-amino-2-phenoxy-methanesulfonanilide) is a major metabolite of nimesulide in the equine.
Metamorphic InAsSb-based barrier photodetectors for the long wave infrared region (2013)

InAs0.6Sb0.4/Al0.75In0.25Sb-based barrier photodetectors were grown metamorphically on compositionally graded Ga1−xInxSb buffer layers and GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. At the wavelength of 8 μm and T = 150 K, devices with 1-μm thick absorbers demonstrated an external quantum efficiency of 18% under a bias voltage of 0.45 V.
A Review of SiC Reactive Ion Etching in Fluorinated Plasmas (1997)

Research and development in semiconducting silicon carbide (SiC) technology has produced significant progress in the past five years in many areas: material (bulk and thin film) growth, device fabrication, and applications. A major factor in this rapid growth has been the development of SiC bulk crystals and the availability of crystalline substrates. Current leading applications for SiC devices include high power and high temperature devices and light emitting diodes. Due to the strong bonding between Si and C (Si–C = 1.34×Si–Si), wet chemical etching can only be performed at high temperature. Therefore, plasma-based (“dry”) etching plays the crucial role of patterning SiC for the fabrication of various electronic devices. In the past several years, reactive ion etching (RIE) of SiC polytypes (3C and 6H) has been investigated in fluorinated gases (primarily CHF3, CBrF3, CF4, SF6, and NF3), usually mixed with oxygen and occasionally with other additives or in a mixture of fluorinated gases. In this paper, a review of SiC RIE is presented. The primary emphasis is on etching of the 3C and 6H polytypes, but some results on RIE of the 4H polytype are included. The paper covers the basic etching mechanisms, provides typical etching properties in selected plasma conditions, discusses the effects of changes in various etching parameters, such as plasma pressure, density and power, etching time, etc. The etching of features of sizes varying from sub-μm to tens of μm's is addressed. Finally, optimum etching conditions and trade-offs are considered for various device configurations.
Independent multitone jamming of FH/MFSK in Rician channels (2001)

We derive exact expressions of the symbol error rate (SER) performance of orthogonal, frequency-hopped, noncoherent M-ary frequency-shift-keying (FH/MFSK) receivers in the presence of independent multitone jamming (MTJ), as well as thermal and other wideband Gaussian noises. Both the signal tones and the multiple jamming tones are affected independently by Rician fading. Both the slow-hopping and fast-hopping systems are considered. In our derivation, we exploit the fact that the multipath components of the signal and jamming tones can be combined with the other Gaussian noises to form a single Gaussian process. Using this technique, we are able to obtain compact exact SER expressions which can be computed efficiently. From the computation results we provide physical explanations on the effects of several system parameters, such as jamming fraction, fading conditions and number of hops per symbol, on the SER performance of slow and fast FH/MFSK systems under independent MTJ.
Rapid Class Augmentation For Continuous Deep Learning Applications (2020)

The amount of time required to train most deep neural networks makes them ill-suited for continuous learning applications where one would like to augment existing models with new classes on-the-edge and on-the-fly. This paper presents a new type of progressive learning approach called Rapid Class Augmentation (RCA) that can be used to rapidly augment an existing classifier with new classes. RCA has the distinguishing properties of optimizer feature memory and a class initialization vector that enable it to train on only the new class examples while optimally updating all the model’s classification weights. This paper will demonstrate that these properties allow RCA to augment existing models much faster and with reduced data storage requirements than conventional progressive learning techniques that rely on stochastic gradient descent optimization. This rapid class augmentation capability is expected to be especially advantageous for near real-time perception tasks that require continuous learning of new network classes on platforms with limited data storage and compute power.
Deterministic Stellar BIST for In-System Automotive Test (2018)

With the growing number of very complex safety-critical components used in advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles, integrated circuits in this area must adhere to stringent requirements for high quality and long-term reliability driven by functional safety standards. This, in turn, requires advanced test solutions that have to respond to challenges posed by automotive parts. This paper presents Stellar BIST - a deterministic two-level compression scheme for in-system automotive test. The proposed solution seamlessly integrates with any sequential test compression scheme and takes advantage of the fact that certain clusters of test vectors detect many random-resistant faults where a cluster consists of a parent pattern and its transformed derivatives. Stellar BIST involves generating vectors based on simultaneous and multiple complements of scan slices of encodable parent patterns. The multiple complements are also skewed between successive patterns to diversify the resultant tests. The new scheme elevates compression to values unachievable through conventional reseeding-based solutions and provides significant trade-offs between area and time, critical for in-system automotive applications. Experimental results obtained for large industrial designs with stuck-at and transition faults illustrate feasibility of the proposed test scheme and are reported herein.
Hrs-2 Regulates Receptor-mediated Endocytosis via Interactions with Eps15 (2000)

Hrs-2, via interactions with SNAP-25, plays a regulatory role on the exocytic machinery. We now show that Hrs-2 physically interacts with Eps15, a protein required for receptor-mediated endocytosis. The Hrs-2/Eps15 interaction is calcium dependent, inhibited by SNAP-25 and alpha-adaptin, and results in the inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Immunoelectron microscopy reveals Hrs-2 localization on the limiting membrane of multivesicular bodies, organelles in the endosomal pathway. These data show that Hrs-2 regulates endocytosis, delineate a biochemical pathway (Hrs-2-Eps15-AP2) in which Hrs-2 functions, and suggest that Hrs-2 acts to provide communication between endo- and exocytic processes.
N-Way TEM-Mode Broad-Band Power Dividers (1970)

An integrative graphical method of designing a broadband TEM-mode power divider of N output ports is presented. Each branch of the divider's circuit consists of cascaded transmission-line segments, and the corresponding segments of each branch are connected by resistors to a common junction. These resistors absorb the reflected signals due to mismatch at any of the output ports; they are therefore isolated from one another. The symmetry of this circuit permits the use of the method of even- and odd-mode excitations at the output ports. It was found that the even-mode circuit is the same as for a stepped-impedance transformer, which is well known. The odd-mode circuit lends itself to the determination of the isolation resistors using the iterative graphical procedure on a Smith chart. Numerical values of the isolation conductance for dividers of bandwidths up to 10:1, the maximum input VSWR, and the minimum isolation among the output ports are given.
Prospect and Perspective in Melville's ""Piazza" (2012)

firmly fixed. In contrast to Bartleby or Benito Cereno, which have drawn much critical attention and occasioned amazing critical diversity, seems to have been generally shrugged off as one of Melville's slighter efforts designed to pad his 1856 collection of stories, so obviously slimmer than earlier collections by Irving, Poe, or Hawthorne.1 It has, however, a structurally closer, more artistically organic relationship to the stories which originally followed it (and to the larger body of Melville's short fiction as well) than has Irving's introductory account of himself in Sketch Book or than Haw thorne's longer account of place and perspective in introducing his Mosses from an Old Manse. The differs most obviously from the introductory strategies of Hawthorne or Irving in that it is a story (with some expository and autobiographical elements) written to introduce the themes and tech niques of five previously published stories. Like Old Manse, it functions as a framing device, but it seems far more genuinely intro ductory and of a piece with the stories that follow than the expository gambits of Irving and Hawthorne, which seem more prefatory. Melville, of course, considered Hawthorne an artist far superior to Irving, and it would be a mark of further homage if the strategy of The Piazza can be shown to derive from what Hawthorne did in
Identification of evodiamine as the bioactive compound in evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth.) fruit extract that activates human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (2014)

The dried unripe fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., known as Wu zhu yu in China, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this research, we provide evidence that evodia fruit extract activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and, as identified through HPLC fractionation and mass spectroscopy, the activating phytochemical is evodiamine. Evodiamine was shown to bind to and activate PPARγ. It was also shown to activate PPARγ-regulated gene expression in human hepatoma cells similar to known PPARγ ligands and that the expression was blocked by a PPARγ specific antagonist.
The Accuracy of Focal Spot Size Determination: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations (1941)

In determining the size of the effective focal spot of an x-ray tube, it is a common misconception to believe that a simplified schematic consideration of the theory will lead to a reliable formula for the conversion of shadow measurements to effective projected sizes, using several known factors. But the problem is by no means so simple; the errors so introduced are very large indeed. For this reason a more complete discussion of the theory and its application is here undertaken. If we set up the idealized arrangement commonly used (Fig. 1) with pinholes considered of zero dimension and focal spot, film, and pinholes effectively parallel, it is obvious that the ratio of the effective focal spot size in the tube to that on the film is equal to the ratio of the respective distances from the pinhole; or to put it as a formula2: Hodges (3) pointed out that if the distances a and b were unknown, a multiple pinhole arrangement would lead to a similar formula, employing the distance between pinholes, z, and between corresponding points of the film images, y. Hodges preferred a three pinhole system, but theoretically only two are necessary (Fig. 2). His formula, the lettering changed to correspond to our drawing, is Such a formula is of great utility with enclosed tube heads, which make measurement of the focal spot pinhole distance a matter of great difficulty. Both these formulae, however, are derived by assuming false conditions. The dimensions of the focal spot shadow on the film are materially affected by the size of the pinhole; while the tilt of the target face, although negligible under proper conditions, may introduce confusing differences between the size of the two shadows in the double pinhole method. For the sake of simplicity, it is advisable to divide the problem into three parts: the effect of pinhole size; the effect of the target face tilt; the effect of inaccuracies of measurement. In order to make the division, simplified conditions are of necessity assumed, but it will be shown in each case that no significant error is thus introduced. Effect of Pinhole Size In Figure 3 we have set up an arrangement in which a pinhole of finite size is used with film, pinhole camera, and target face effectively parallel. This does not take into account the target tilt. Let us assume that our two pinholes are cylindrical, with a diameter n and a depth t (this is, of course, the thickness of the lead plate). If we make our pinholes equal in size, it makes the calculation simpler; and instead of calling z the distance between pinholes, we now define it as the distance between corresponding points of the pinholes. The values of a, b, m, x, and y remain unchanged. To derive a formula expressing x in terms of the other factors, it is first necessary to construct a line dividing m into f and g, as shown in the drawing.
Suppression of α-synuclein toxicity and vesicle trafficking defects by phosphorylation at S129 in yeast depends on genetic context (2012)

The aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is a neuropathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. In Lewy bodies, αSyn is extensively phosphorylated, predominantly at serine 129 (S129). Recent studies in yeast have shown that, at toxic levels, αSyn disrupts Rab homeostasis, causing an initial endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi block that precedes a generalized trafficking collapse. However, whether αSyn phosphorylation modulates trafficking defects has not been evaluated. Here, we show that constitutive expression of αSyn in yeast impairs late-exocytic, early-endocytic and/or recycling trafficking. Although members of the casein kinase I (CKI) family phosphorylate αSyn at S129, they attenuate αSyn toxicity and trafficking defects by an S129 phosphorylation-independent mechanism. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of S129 modulates αSyn toxicity and trafficking defects in a manner strictly determined by genetic background. Abnormal endosome morphology, increased levels of the endosome marker Rab5 and co-localization of mammalian CKI with αSyn aggregates are observed in brain sections from αSyn-overexpressing mice and human synucleinopathies. Our results contribute to evidence that suggests αSyn-induced defects in endocytosis, exocytosis and/or recycling of vesicles involved in these cellular processes might contribute to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies.
Des-γ-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin and hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical review (1993)

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) appears to be a useful tumor marker for the evaluation of patients with HCC. DCP is produced by the malignant hepatocyte and appears to result from an acquired posttranslational defect in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system. DCP production is independent of vitamin K deficiency, although pharmacological doses of vitamin K can transiently suppress DCP production in some tumors. DCP levels greater than 0.1 AU/ml (100 ng/ml) on ELISA are highly suggestive of HCC or tumor recurrence. Normalization of DCP levels correlates well with successful tumor resection and appears to be an excellent marker of tumor activity. Plasma DCP does not correlate with AFP levels. However, when used together, DCP and AFP assays increase the sensitivity to HCC in more than 85% of patients. The specificity of the DCP assay appears to be superior to that of AFP; fewer than 5% of patients with nonmalignant liver disorders have DCP levels in excess of 100 ng/ml. In patients with medium to large HCC, DCP levels do correlate with tumor size. In tumors of less than 3 cm, DCP levels are increased in only 20% of patients. However, the diagnostic threshold for the DCP assay may be improved by newer assays that can detect partially carboxylated DCP species not measured by the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.
Transcranial direct current stimulation: electrode montage in stroke (2010)

Neurophysiological and computer modelling studies have shown that electrode montage is a critical parameter to determine the neuromodulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We tested these results clinically by systematically investigating optimal tDCS electrode montage in stroke. Ten patients received in a counterbalanced and randomised order the following conditions of stimulation (i) anodal stimulation of affected M1 (primary motor cortex) and cathodal stimulation of unaffected M1 ('bilateral tDCS'); (ii) anodal stimulation of affected M1 and cathodal stimulation of contralateral supraorbital area ('anodal tDCS'); (iii) cathodal stimulation of unaffected M1 and anodal stimulation of contralateral supraorbital area ('cathodal tDCS'); (iv) anodal stimulation of affected M1 and cathodal stimulation of contralateral deltoid muscle ('extra-cephalic tDCS') and (v) sham stimulation. We used the Jebsen-Taylor Test (JTT) as a widely accepted measure of upper limb function. Bilateral tDCS, anodal tDCS and cathodal tDCS were shown to be associated with significant improvements on the JTT. Placing the reference electrode in an extracephalic position and use of sham stimulation did not induce any significant effects. This small sham controlled cross-over clinical trial is important to provide additional data on the clinical effects of tDCS in stroke and for planning and designing future large tDCS trials in patients with stroke.
A MEMS socket system for high density SoC interconnection (2003)

The design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) socket system to enable the temporary high density interconnection of a CMOS die to a System-on-Chip (SoC) implementation of a tester is described. Connectivity is achieved with a fixed MEMS socket that is thermosonically bonded to a CMOS tester die and a carrier MEMS socket that acts as a custom die-specific removable insert for the fixed socket to easily interface the die being tested to the SoC based tester. A new cantilevered bridge-type microspring contact provides direct connectivity to the I/O pads of the die under test. The bridge-type contact spring geometry has excellent elastic properties and features a contact resistance of 19.3 m/spl Omega/ at a contact force of 1.35 mN. The MEMS socket system was designed and simulated using IntelliSuite CAD tools and fabrication arrangements are being pursued.
Oil monitoring technology (2002)

The development, current use, and future prospects for oil-monitoring technology are reviewed, with emphasis on military turbine engine applications. The evolutionary trend from laboratory analyses the development of online techniques is described. Technologies with high potential for advanced wear debris and lubricant condition assessment are reviewed. Desirable attributes of such future systems are described. It is concluded that major efforts are required to develop useful, effective online systems that will have wide applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>