gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operational Characteristics of Paratransit Services with Ride-Hailing Apps in Asian Developing Cities: The Phnom Penh Case (2018)

Rapid adoption of ride-hailing apps (RHAs) has greatly influenced the way people travel—there is no exception for paratransit users. However, it remains unclear whether RHAs would be regarded as threats or opportunities among paratransit operators in Asian developing cities. While RHAs have been viewed as disruptive transportation, several studies explored the threats of RHAs on taxi industry—but only a few examined such threats on other paratransit services (e.g., auto-rickshaws). This study assessed the changes in the operational services among paratransit operators who have adopted RHAs. The changes were examined by statistical comparisons using data collected from questionnaire survey with 182 Bajaj drivers in Phnom Penh, January 23-27, 2018, as a case study. Results showed that majority of the interviewed drivers started new services with RHAs less than a year ago—they were younger (88%) satisfied with RHAs and acknowledged improvements on their operational services. The results suggested that RHAs would be opportunities for those paratransit drivers who have adopted them, while they would be threats for those who have not. The collected data serve as useful inputs for future public transport planning in Asian developing cities.
Fabrication of Ti-Al Ohmic Contacts to N-type 6H-SiC with P<sup>+</sup>Ion Implantation (2006)

The Ti-Al ohmic contact to n-type 6H-SiC has been fabricated. An array of TLM (transfer length method) test patterns with Au/Ti/Al/Ti/SiC structure is formed on N-wells created by P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ion implantation into Si-faced p-type 6H-SiC epilayer. The specific contact resistance rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> as low as 8.64 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Omegacm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> is achieved after annealing in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> for 5 min at 900degC. The result for sheet resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sh</sub> of the implanted layers is 975 Omega/square. The low resistance contact would be attributed to the formation of Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> SiC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at the metal/n-SiC interface after thermal annealing
NBQX Attenuates Excitotoxic Injury in Developing White Matter (2000)

The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is released from axons and glia under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. In vitro, oligodendrocytes (OLs) express non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) and are susceptible to GluR-mediated excitotoxicity. We evaluated the role of GluR-mediated OL excitotoxicity in hypoxic/ischemic white matter injury in the developing brain. Hypoxic/ischemic white matter injury is thought to mediate periventricular leukomalacia, an age-dependent white matter lesion seen in preterm infants and a common antecedent to cerebral palsy. Hypoxia/ischemia in rat pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) produced selective white matter lesions and OL death. Furthermore, OLs in pericallosal white matter express non-NMDA GluRs at P7. Unilateral carotid ligation in combination with hypoxia (6% O(2) for 1 hr) resulted in selective, subcortical white matter injury with a marked ipsilateral decrease in immature and myelin basic protein-expressing OLs that was also significantly attenuated by 6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX). Intracerebral AMPA demonstrated greater susceptibility to OL injury at P7 than in younger or older pups, and this was attenuated by systemic pretreatment with the AMPA antagonist NBQX. These results indicate a parallel, maturation-dependent susceptibility of immature OLs to AMPA and hypoxia/ischemia. The protective efficacy of NBQX suggests a role for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxic OL injury in immature white matter in vivo.
Efficiency of Use of Imported Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium and Potential for Reducing Phosphorus Imports on Idaho Dairy Farms (2006)

Eight commercial dairies from south central Idaho were surveyed to estimate the whole-farm surpluses of N, P, and K and to investigate the possibility of reducing P excretions through dietary manipulation. Nitrogen, P, and K imports and exports were monitored in a 12-mo period, and samples from the diets, feeds, feces, urine, and manure were collected at regular farm visits. Soils from manure-amended fields were sampled in the spring and fall. In all cases, the largest import of N, P, and K to the dairy was with purchased feeds. Major nutrient export items were milk and manure and forages, in the case of a dairy with a large land base (dairy F). Whole-farm N surplus varied from 90 to 599 t/yr (91 to 222 kg/yr per cow). The efficiency of use of imported N varied from 25 to 64%, with dairy F having the greatest efficiency of imported N use. Phosphorus and K surpluses were also significant (average of 29 and 182 t/yr and 12 and 76 kg per cow per year, respectively). During the study period, dairy F was a net exporter of K. The average efficiency of use of imported P and K was 66 and 58%, respectively. Soil P levels in the 30-cm layer were above state threshold standards, most likely from overapplication of manure. Soil nitrate-N concentrations were also high, but K concentrations were within the accepted range. Average P content of the lactating cow diets at the start of the study was 0.49% and was reduced to 0.38%. The estimated reduction in imported P due to the reduced dietary P levels was from 5.7 to 61.4 t/yr per farm, or on average 12 kg per cow per year. This study demonstrated that in addition to exports with milk and manure, export of nutrients with forages produced on the farm (dairy F) is a major factor in reducing whole-farm N, P, and K surpluses.
Joint Detection, Tracking and Mapping by Semantic Bundle Adjustment (2013)

In this paper we propose a novel Semantic Bundle Adjustment framework whereby known rigid stationary objects are detected while tracking the camera and mapping the environment. The system builds on established tracking and mapping techniques to exploit incremental 3D reconstruction in order to validate hypotheses on the presence and pose of sought objects. Then, detected objects are explicitly taken into account for a global semantic optimization of both camera and object poses. Thus, unlike all systems proposed so far, our approach allows for solving jointly the detection and SLAM problems, so as to achieve object detection together with improved SLAM accuracy.
UNIFORMITY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX AND GROWTH OF 'POINSETT' CUCUMBER PLANTS UNDER METAL HALIDE AND MICROWAVE-POWERED SULFUR LAMPS (1998)

The uniformity of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and vegetative growth of Cucumis sativus L. ('Poinsett' cucumber) were examined using growth chambers equipped with either six 400W metal halide (MH) lamps or with a single 1000W microwave-powered sulfur (MPS) (LIGHTDRIVE^<TM> 1000) lamp mounted on a polished stainless steel reflector with secondary screening for microwave protection. PPF levels in each growth chamber were set initially at 500μmol m^<-2> s^<-1>. Pots were placed at equal distance from one another in ten columns of six rows each (n=60). Growth measurements were only taken on the center six columns of plants (n=36). The uniformity of PPF was greater in the MPS than in the MH chamber for both the 36 and the 60 pot arrangement. However, growth measurements showed similar variance in the MH as in the MPS chamber. Plants grown for 14 days under MPS lamps had significantly greater growth than those under MH lamps. Petiole length, total stem length, and leaf enlargement were 90%, 44%, and 34% greater, respectively, in plants grown under MPS lamps than under MH lamps. Similar differences were obtained in biomass; dry weights of tops and roots of MPS grown plants were 28% and 36%, greater, respectively, than those of MH grown plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of using sulfur lamps for accelerating seedling production under controlled environments and validate the concept that sulfur lamps have a better spectral quality for plant growth than metal halide lamps. These results should be of interest to growers and researchers involved in protected cultivation. The LIGHTDRIVE^<TM> 1000 sulfur lamp should also provide a useful tool for studying the photocontrol of shoot development.
Heat Exchange Effectiveness and Pressure Drop for Air Flow Through Perforated Plates With and Without Crosswind (1994)

Low-porosity perforated plates are being used as absorbers for heating ambient air in a new type of unglazed solar collector. This paper investigates the convective heat transfer effectiveness for low-speed air flow through thin, isothermal perforated plates with and without a crosswind on the upstream face. The objective of this work is to provide information that will allow designers to optimize hole size and spacing. In order to obtain performance data, a wind tunnel and small lamp array were designed and built. Experimental data were taken for a range of plate porosities from 0.1 to 5 percent, hole Reynolds numbers from 100 to 2000, and wind speeds from 0 to 4 m/s. Correlations were developed for heat exchange effectiveness and also for pressure drop. Infrared thermography was used to visualize the heat transfer taking place at the surface.
Towards a contemporary perspective of retail location (1997)

Much of the existing literature on location does not address the problems faced by retail organizations at a strategic level, largely because it has tended to concentrate on the technical and policy issues relating to the evaluation and development of new sites. The reason for this lies largely in the geographic origins of most previous work, and while marketing has borrowed many of these concepts and approaches, it has not yet fully developed additional ones appropriate for a strategic management audience. Reviews research in the geography and marketing traditions, and builds on recently published work to outline two new conceptual models which serve to link strategic and monadic (individual site) decisions. Discusses the development of a more holistic perspective which underlines the strategic role of retail location and emphasizes key areas for research relevant to many of the issues currently facing retail organizations.
A Fine-Grained Document-based Access Control Model (2011)

In this paper is presented a new access control method called document-based access control (DuControl). DuControl extends traditional access control methods in order to manage the document contents; it is done by means of a rules set that allows easy administration of the access policies, resources and users.
Consensus on current management of endometriosis (2013)

This is the first time that a large, global, consortium, representing 34 major stake-holding organizations from five continents, has convened to systematically evaluate the best available current evidence on the management of endometriosis, and to reach consensus. In addition to 18 international medical organizations, representatives from 16 national endometriosis organizations were involved, including lay support groups, thus generating input from women who suffer from endometriosis.
An Inexpensive, Reflective, Image Rotator (1978)

In many spectroscopic experiments, a 90° rotation of the source image is often desired. The rotation may serve to transfer a radially symmetrical source image onto a spectrograph entrance slit to obtain spacially resolved spectral lines for subsequent source profiling using Abel inversion techniques. Conversely, profiling of a source exhibiting horizontal homogeneity with spectral variation in the vertical plane may be most adequately treated using an image rotator. Using direct transfer optics, a limiting aperature is often placed at the monochromator entrance slit to define a spacial region. This procedure greatly reduces the radiant flux reaching the detector and can present a significant problem for weak signals. By rotating the source image, the monochromator slitwidth now defines the spacial resolution and permits the use of taller slits for optimal throughput.
Hemolysin of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Evokes Extensive Shedding of the Uroepithelium and Hemorrhage in Bladder Tissue within the First 24 Hours after Intraurethral Inoculation of Mice (2008)

Many uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains produce both hemolysin (Hly) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1), and the loci for these toxins are often linked. The conclusion that Hly and CNF1 contribute to urovirulence is supported by the results of epidemiological studies associating the severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) with toxin production by UPEC isolates. Additionally, we previously reported that mouse bladders and rat prostates infected with UPEC strain CP9 exhibit a more profound inflammatory response than the organs from animals challenged with CP9cnf(1) and that CNF1 decreases the antimicrobial activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. More recently, we created an Hly mutant, CP9Delta hlyA(1)::cat, and showed that it was less hemolytic and destructive for cultured bladder cells than CP9 was. Here we evaluated the relative effects of mutations in hlyA(1) or cnf(1) alone or together on the pathogenicity of CP9 in a mouse model of ascending UTI. To do this, we constructed an hlyA(1)-complemented clone of CP9Delta hlyA(1)::cat and an hlyA(1) cnf(1) CP9 double mutant. We found that Hly had no influence on bacterial colonization of the bladder or kidneys in single or mixed infections with the wild type and CP9Delta hlyA(1)::cat but that it did provoke sloughing of the uroepithelium and bladder hemorrhage within the first 24 h after challenge. Finally, we confirmed that CNF1 expression induces bladder inflammation and, in particular, as shown in this study, submucosal edema. From these data, we speculate that Hly and CNF1 may be largely responsible for the signs and symptoms of cystitis in humans infected with toxigenic UPEC.
Fluoropolymer Resist Materials for 157nm Microlithography. (2001)

Fluorocarbon polymers and siloxane-based polymers have been identified as promising resist candidates for 157nm material design because of their relatively high transparency at this wavelength. This paper reports our recent progress toward developing 157nm resist materials based on the first of these two polymer systems. Polymers based on fluorinated norbornenes have been prepared and preliminary imaging studies at 157nm are described. Functional norbornenes having α-trifluoromethyl groups could not be polymerized by either Ni(II) or Pd(II) catalysts. Several new approaches to incorporating these transparent monomers into functional polymers have been investigated and are described. The lithographic performance of some of these polymers is discussed.
Cardioprotective Mechanism of Ischemic Preconditioning Is Impaired by Postinfarct Ventricular Remodeling Through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Activation (2000)

The myocardium remodeled after infarction is refractory to PC, which is probably due to interruption of cellular signaling by PC upstream of mitoK(ATP) channels. An AT(1) receptor blocker is beneficial not only for suppression of ventricular remodeling but also for preservation of the PC mechanism.
Contribution a l' tude des couches minces par r flexion sp culaire de rayons X (1972)

L'analyse des courbes expérimentales représentant la variation du coefficient de réflexion d'une couche mince, attaquée sous incidence rasante par un faisceau parallèle et monochromatique de rayons X, en fonction de l'angle d'attaque, conduit à la mesure de l'épaisseur et de l'indice de réfraction de la couche étudiée. Nous présentons ici quelques méthodes d'analyse pour des courbes obtenues sur des échantillons, formés d'une ou de plusieurs couches minces, d'épaisseur comprise entre 100 et 2 000 Å.
Word Counts and Topic Models (2015)

With digital journalism and social media producing huge amounts of digital content every day, journalism scholars are faced with new challenges to describe and analyze the wealth of information. Borrowing sophisticated tools and resources from computer science and computational linguistics, journalism scholars have started to gain insights into the constant information flow and made big data a regular feature of the scientific debate. Both deductive (manual and semi-automated) and inductive (fully automated) text analysis methods are part of this new toolset. In order to make the automated research process more tangible and provide an insight into the options available, we provide a roadmap of common (semi-)automated options for text analysis. We describe the assumptions and workflows of rule-based approaches, dictionaries, supervised machine learning, document clustering, and topic models. We show that automated methods have different strengths that provide different opportunities, enriching—but not replacing—the range of manual content analysis methods.
Video transcoder architectures for networked multimedia applications (2000)

For the deployment of multimedia services over heterogeneous networks, it is very desirable that a video delivery system be able to dynamically adapt the bit-rate of a video bit-stream to the time-varying network conditions, such as the available bandwidth. A video transcoder which can adapt the bit-rate of a video bit-stream and support various content. manipulations, error-resilience, and video watermarking insertion will improve the overall performance of multimedia systems. 
In this dissertation, we investigate various issues regarding transcoder architectures for networked multimedia applications. We first investigate existing fast architectures and analyze potential problems and limitations. We show that due to inherent but often ignored assumptions in the derivation, the existing fast architectures have severe limitations in practical applications. We also propose a fast transcoder scheme which does not have the limitations and problems of the existing fast transcoder architectures and can achieve drift-free performance with similar processing speed as the existing fast transcoders. In the proposed architecture, drift-error is prevented by adopting a pixel-domain cascaded structure. To reduce the computational cost in transcoding, several stages of computational blocks, such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Inverse DCT (IDCT), quantization, and inverse quantization are optimized. 
We also extend the transcoding function to applications. of a logo insertion. We consider the case when transcoding is necessary in the logo insertion process to reduce the bit-rate. 
As many multimedia services are deployed in the Internet environment, the video delivery system requires a more intelligent and sophisticated bit-rate adaptation scheme with a high transcoding ratio because of the wide range of operating bandwidths of the current Internet infrastructure. Down-conversions of frame-rates or picture resolutions can be effectively used for achieving a high transcoding ratio while maintaining an acceptable video quality. For this temporal and resolution transcoding, we propose a fast-motion vector refinement scheme to obtain the outgoing motion vectors from the motion vectors extracted from the incoming bit-stream. Simulation results show that significant computational saving is possible while achieving almost the same video quality compared with that of using full-scale motion estimation.
Disintegration of Microorganisms and Preparation of Yeast Cell Walls in a New Type of Disintegrator (1969)

Microbial cells were disintegrated in a new type of rotary disintegrator with a disc stirrer by a combination of shear force layers, collisions, and rolling of glass beads which were brought into motion by the stirrer. The rate of disintegration at a given dry bed volume of Ballotini beads and a given volume of cell suspension is proportional to the peripheral velocity of the stirrer up to 18 m/sec. Horizontal arrangement of the stirrer increases the effectiveness about five times; 100% disintegration of yeast cells was achieved under optimal conditions within 72 sec at a concentration of 3.5g (dry weight)/100 ml of suspension, and within 96 sec at a concentration of 10.5g (dry weight)/100ml. At 17.5 g (dry weight)/100 ml, the stirrer began to slip. The cell walls of yeast were obtained at the desired degree of crushing and the course of purification was determined by infrared spectral analysis.
Array of Microcantilever Heaters with Integrated Piezoresistors (2007)

This paper presents improved design, fabrication, and characterization of a small array of silicon microcantilever heaters with integrated piezoresistors. The fabricated microcantilever arrays are made from single crystal silicon with selective doping such that parasitic bending and electromigration can be suppressed during high temperature operation. Detailed characterization was performed to test the device electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The performance and crosstalk between heater and piezoresistor elements was thoroughly tested. The resistive heater can reach temperature higher than 600°C, and its temperature coefficient of electrical resistance was 2.01 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Ω/Ω-°C. When biased at 2 V in a Wheatstone bridge, the deflection sensitivity of the piezoresistor was 4.25 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> V/V-μm and remarkably, the heater circuit had a non-negligible deflection sensitivity of 7.86 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> V/V-μm. Both the piezoresistor and the resistive heater were interfaced with a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure their sensitivities during topography sensing of a calibration grating. As expected, the sensitivity of thermal reading was at least one order of magnitude greater than that of piezoresistive reading.
Resonantly pumped eyesafe erbium lasers (2005)

The viability of high-power and high-energy, direct eyesafe emission from bulk erbium lasers has recently been demonstrated. In this paper, we present a review of eyesafe erbium lasers that are resonantly pumped by both fiber and diode lasers. High brightness pumping with a 1.53-/spl mu/m erbium fiber laser has yielded 60 W of continuous wave (CW) output, 10 W of repetitively Q-switched output, and as much as 16 mJ of pulse energy. Diode laser pumping has yielded 38 W of quasi-CW output and >40 mJ of Q-switched output.