gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of high performance electron spin resonance materials for the design of scalar and vectorial magnetometers (1991)

Extensive work on radical ESR (electron spin resonance) materials has led to the discovery of a number of products exhibiting intense and narrow ESR lines, suitable for magnetometry. These materials can be classified using a convenient figure of merit. Two of them were used in two specific architectures for a scalar magnetometer-(FA/sub )/2P((fluoranthenyl)/sub 2/PF/sub 6/)-/sub 6/ with a resolution of 1 nT-Hz/sup -1/2/ (white noise) and a vectorial magnetometer (AcTCNQ/sub 2/) with a resolution of 0.2 nT-Hz/sup -1/2/ (white noise). These magnetometers can be used in high gradients (usual indoor environments) and have bandwidths which can be extended from DC to several kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure and lattice dynamics of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">AlB</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>under pressure and implications for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MgB</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2002)

The effect of high pressures, up to 40 GPa, on the crystal structure and lattice dynamics of ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2}$ was studied by synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations. There are no indications for a pressure-induced structural phase transition. The Raman spectra of the metallic sample exhibit a well-defined peak near $980{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0 GPa, which can be attributed to the Raman-active ${E}_{2g}$ zone-center phonon. Al deficiency of $\ensuremath{\sim}11%$ in ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2},$ as indicated by the x-ray data, changes qualitatively the electronic structure, and there are indications that it may have a sizable effect on the pressure dependence of the ${E}_{2g}$ phonon frequency. Similar changes of the pressure dependence of phonon frequencies, caused by nonstoichiometry, are proposed as an explanation for the unusually large variation of the pressure dependence of ${T}_{c}$ for different samples of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}.$
The BET inhibitor OTX015 reactivates latent HIV-1 through P-TEFb (2016)

None of the currently used anti-HIV-1 agents can effectively eliminate latent HIV-1 reservoirs, which is a major hurdle to a complete cure for AIDS. We report here that a novel oral BET inhibitor OTX015, a thienotriazolodiazepine compound that has entered phase Ib clinical development for advanced hematologic malignancies, can effectively reactivate HIV-1 in different latency models with an EC50 value 1.95-4.34 times lower than JQ1, a known BET inhibitor that can reactivate HIV-1 latency. We also found that OTX015 was more potent when used in combination with prostratin. More importantly, OTX015 treatment induced HIV-1 full-length transcripts and viral outgrowth in resting CD4(+) T cells from infected individuals receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), while exerting minimal toxicity and effects on T cell activation. Finally, biochemical analysis showed that OTX015-mediated activation of HIV-1 involved an increase in CDK9 occupancy and RNAP II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the BET inhibitor OTX015 may be a candidate for anti-HIV-1-latency therapies.
Clonal expansion but lack of subsequent clonal deletion of bacterial superantigen-reactive T cells in murine retroviral infection. (1994)

Several studies have suggested that activation-induced apoptosis of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells leads to depletion of this subset during HIV infection. The bacterial superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), is known to induce activation-induced apoptosis in the TCR V beta-bearing CD4+ T cells in the periphery after clonal expansion of these cells. The murine retroviral model of AIDS (MAIDS), which is induced by LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus, shares many common features with HIV infection in humans, except that CD4+ T cells increase progressively in susceptible strains. In this study, we challenged SEA to MAIDS mice and examined whether this retrovirus affects the fate of the SEA-reactive CD4+ T cells in vivo. At 4 wk post-infection with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus, clonal expression and subsequent deletion of SEA-reactive CD4+V beta 3+ T cells occurred normally after SEA administration, whereas in vitro proliferative responses were severely impaired. At 8 wk postinfection, the in vivo expansion of CD4+V beta 3+ T cells was evident, but not followed by clonal deletion, as late as 14 days after SEA administration. This expanding subset in the infected mice expressed the Fas Ag in the same amount as the same subset in uninfected controls. These findings suggest that activation-induced apoptosis of superantigen-reactive CD4+ T cells is interfered with in vivo during the course of MAIDS, which is not attributable to underexpression of the Fas Ag by the CD4+ T cells.
The Effective Dielectric Constant of Silicon Dioxides Deposited in the Spaces Between Adjacent Conductors (1992)

The effective dielectric constants, , of silicon dioxides deposited onto a metallic comb structure were compared with the values, ε, (obtained using metal oxide semiconductors capacitors) for the same oxides deposited (under identical conditions) on smooth horizontal surfaces. The value of was calculated from the measured capacitance of the comb structure using the procedure described in the Appendix. For an oxide, deposited at 390°C by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and , compared with . The differences were much smaller for PECVD oxides; no significant differences were observed for PECVD ECR oxides and for sputtered oxides.
Whole transcriptome characterization of aberrant splicing events induced by lentiviral vector integrations (2012)

Gamma-retroviral/lentiviral vectors (γRV/LV) with self-inactivating (SIN) long terminal repeats (LTRs) and internal moderate cellular promoters pose a reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis when compared with vectors with active LTRs. Yet, in a recent LV-based clinical trial for β-thalassemia, vector integration within the HMGA2 gene induced the formation of an aberrantly spliced mRNA form that appeared to cause clonal dominance. Using a method that we developed, cDNA linear amplification-mediated PCR, in combination with high-throughput sequencing, we conducted a whole transcriptome analysis of chimeric LV-cellular fusion transcripts in transduced human lymphoblastoid cells and primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We observed a surprising abundance of read-through transcription originating outside and inside the provirus and identified the vector sequences contributing to the aberrant splicing process. We found that SIN LV has a sharply reduced propensity to engage in aberrant splicing compared with that of vectors carrying active LTRs. Moreover, by recoding the identified vector splice sites, we reduced residual read-through transcription and demonstrated an effective strategy for improving vectors. Characterization of the mechanisms and genetic features underlying vector-induced aberrant splicing will enable the generation of safer vectors, with low impact on the cellular transcriptome.
One Man's Poison — Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin (1999)

Botulinum toxin is one of the deadliest poisons known, causing death by muscle paralysis. As a poison, it is most commonly encountered as a source of food poisoning, and there are shivers around the world when it surfaces as a possible biologic weapon. Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is a polypeptide consisting of a light chain and a heavy chain bridged by a single disulfide bond. There are seven serologically distinct but structurally similar types of botulinum toxin: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.Alan Scott first had the idea that small doses . . .
A GIS-based analysis and prediction of parcel land-use change in a coastal tourism destination area, 1999 (1999)

As an integrated part of the NASA/SC-EPSCoR Wetland Research Project involving three institutions\nin South Carolina, this study focuses on the land-use change and its impacts. The overall\npurpose is to better understand the process of coastal land-use change and its consequences in order\nto minimize negative impacts and to sustain coastal resources and development around nearby\nwetlands. For the Murrells Inlet component of the project, four immediate objectives were: Seek an alternative approach that emphasizes human aspects of issues related to land-use change; Develop a parcel based GIS model for assessing land-use change in the past; Apply this model to observe and map tenure change, residential change and commercial change\nfor the Murrells Inlet area; and Build and apply a logistic regression model to predict the possibilities of future land-use change\nfor the area.
Automatic Extraction of Pedagogic Metadata from Learning Content (2008)

Annotating learning material with metadata allows easy reusability by different learning/tutoring systems. Several metadata standards have been developed to represent learning objects and courses. A learning system needs to use pedagogic attributes including document type, topic, coverage of concepts, and for each concept the significance and the role. Moreover, in order to have a flexible and reusable repository of e-learning materials, it is necessary that the annotation of the documents with such metadata be done in an automatic fashion as far as possible. This paper describes the attributes that represent some important pedagogic characteristics of learning materials. To reduce the overhead of manual annotation we have explored the feasibility of automatic annotation of learning materials with metadata. This facilitates the creation of an elearning open repository for storing these annotated learning materials, which can be used by learning systems. The automatic annotation is based on a domain knowledge base and a number of algorithms like standard classification algorithms, parsing and analysis of documents have been used for this purpose. The results show a fair degree of accuracy, which may be improved in future using more sophisticated algorithms.
Mechanisms of insulin‐like growth factor regulation of programmed cell death of developing avian motoneurons (1998)

During development of the avian neuromuscular system, lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) innervate their muscle targets in the hindlimb coincident with the onset and progression of MN programmed cell death (PCD). Paralysis (activity blockade) of embryos during this period rescues large numbers of MNs from PCD. Because activity blockade also results in enhanced axonal branching and increased numbers of neuromuscular synapses, it has been postulated that following activity blockade, increased numbers of MNs can gain access to muscle-derived trophic agents that prevent PCD. An assumption of the access hypothesis of MN PCD is the presence of an activity-dependent, muscle-derived sprouting or branching agent. Several previous studies of sprouting in the rodent neuromuscular system indicate that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are candidates for such a sprouting factor. Accordingly, in the present study we have begun to test whether the IGFs may play a similar role in the developing avian neuromuscular system. Evidence in support of this idea includes the following: (a) IGFs promote MN survival in vivo but not in vitro; (b) neutralizing antibodies against IGFs reduce MN survival in vivo; (c) both in vitro and in vivo, IGFs increase neurite growth, branching, and synapse formation; (d) activity blockade increases the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA in skeletal muscles in vivo; (e) in vivo treatment of paralyzed embryos with IGF binding proteins (IGF-BPs) that interfere with the actions of endogenous IGFs reduce MN survival, axon branching, and synapse formation; (f) treatment of control embryos in vivo with IGF-BPs also reduces synapse formation; and (g) treatment with IGF-1 prior to the major period of cell death (i.e., on embryonic day 6) increases subsequent synapse formation and MN survival and potentiates the survival-promoting actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) administered during the subsequent 4- to 5-day period of PCD. Collectively, these data provide new evidence consistent with the role of the IGFs as activity-dependent, muscle-derived agents that play a role in regulating MN survival in the avian embryo. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 36: 379–394, 1998
Structure and RNA-binding properties of the Type III-A CRISPR-associated protein Csm3 (2013)

The prokaryotic adaptive immune system is based on the incorporation of genome fragments of invading viral genetic elements into clusters of regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). The CRISPR loci are transcribed and processed into crRNAs, which are then used to target the invading nucleic acid for degradation. The large family of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins mediates this interference response. We have characterized Methanopyrus kandleri Csm3, a protein of the type III-A CRISPR-Cas complex. The 2.4 Å resolution crystal structure shows an elaborate four-domain fold organized around a core RRM-like domain. The overall architecture highlights the structural homology to Cas7, the Cas protein that forms the backbone of type I interference complexes. Csm3 binds unstructured RNAs in a sequence non-specific manner, suggesting that it interacts with the variable spacer sequence of the crRNA. The structural and biochemical data provide insights into the similarities and differences in this group of Cas proteins.
Cholesterol: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly - Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia (2013)

Maintaining cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels within healthy limits is critical for decreasing the risk of heart disease. Dyslipidemia refers to the abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), also known as good cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), also known as bad cholesterol, and/or high TG levels that contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. In this article we reviewed some of the current therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia, with a primary focus on endothelial lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase for raising HDL-C, and the proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and the messenger RNA of apolipoprotein B for lowering LDL-C. In addition, we reviewed the role of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) in raising HDL-C, where we discuss three apoAI-based drugs under development. These are its mutated dimer (apoAI-Milano), a complex with phospholipids, and a mimetic peptide. Atherosclerosis, mainly because of dyslipidemia, is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the title of this article, the 'good' refers to HDL-C, the 'bad' refers to LDL-C, and the 'ugly' refers to atherosclerosis.
A unified approach to general IFIR filter design using B-spline functions (1989)

This paper presents an efficient procedure for the design of interpolated FIR (IFIR) filters with linear phase. The algorithm uses the uniform B-spline function a6 an interpolator and solves the optimal Chehyshev approx. imation problem on the appropriate subinterval. The technique can he used for the design of general lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters. Although the number ofmuLtipLicstions of the IFIR filter is dependent on the bandwidth and the center frequency of the desired filter, our program provider the mininun number of multiplications achievable and nearly always provides a substantial reduction when compared to Parks-MeClellan designs.
Providing Access Control through Program Transformation (2011)

This paper proposes a scheme that automatically adds access control code to web service programs. The scheme simplifies the tasks of the programmers. It uses a fine-grained access control policy to control the access to data. The proposed scheme is more flexible than existing schemes in setting access control policies on data. The scheme automatically tracks the flow of data in the server programs. Experiments show that the proposed scheme incurs very little overheads.
Evaluation of Resveratrol Derivatives as Potential Antioxidants and Identification of a Reaction Product of Resveratrol and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl Radical (1999)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), an antioxidant from grapes, and five other polyhydroxystilbenes were synthesized. Their antioxidative properties were evaluated in two model systems [pure lipid oxidation using the Rancimat method and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging model.] 3, 3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene, 3,3',4,5,5'-pentahydroxystilbene, and 3,4,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene were found to be more active than resveratrol in both models. A dimer of resveratrol was identified as the major radical reaction product when resveratrol was reacted with DPPH radicals.
Evaluation of Topical Vitamin B <sub>12</sub> for the Treatment of Childhood Eczema (2009)

Topical vitamin B(12) should be considered as a treatment option in children with eczema.
Reference voltage driver for low-voltage CMOS A/D converters (2002)

A circuit for generating reference voltages for an A/D converter is presented. The circuit consisting of a bandgap reference and a driver circuit capable of operating on sub 1-volt supply voltages. The circuit is designed using a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Simulations show maximum 0.24% variation in the generated reference voltage over a temperature range from -20/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C and a supply voltage range from 0.95 V to 1.50 V. The circuit is capable of driving a 2 pF switched capacitor load at 5 MHz clock rate while consuming 450 /spl mu/W of power from a 1.0 V supply.
Raised levels of antistreptokinase antibody and neutralization titres from 4 days to 54 months after administration of streptokinase or anistreplase (1993)

Streptokinase and anistreplase are antigenic and their administration often leads to antibody formation. These can cause allergic reactions and/or neutralization of streptokinase with resulting suboptimal treatment. Currently, streptokinase re-administration is considered appropriate for up to 5 days and from 1 year after a previous dose. Antistreptokinase antibody and neutralization titres (NT) were measured in three groups of patients to determine if this practice is appropriate: 1. (early)--36 patients whose titres were measured for at least 5 days after thrombolysis; 2. (late)--57 patients who received thrombolysis 12-54 months previously; 3. (controls)--182 consecutive suspected myocardial infarction patients (without previous exposure to thrombolysis). Results were as follows (mean +/- SEM): 1. (early)--the antibody and/or NT were raised by day 4 in 19.4% of the patients. One patient could have neutralized 1.97 million units (MU) of streptokinase by day 4. (Day 4--antibody 1:39 +/- 11, NT 0.19 +/- 0.05 MU; day 5--1:136 +/- 41 and NT 0.7 +/- 0.43 MU respectively.) 2. (late)--23 patients (40%) had either antibody titres > or = 1:160 and/or NT > 1.5 MU. (12-23 months--antibody 1:243 +/- 43, NT 0.63 +/- 0.15 MU; 24-35 months--1:98 +/- 31 and 0.69 +/- 0.22 MU; 36-54 months--1:87 +/- 14 and 0.54 +/- 0.12 MU.) All titres were significantly higher than the controls (antibody 1:25 +/- 3, NT 0.14 +/- 0.01 MU, P < 0.01). After streptokinase or antistreplase, antibodies are raised from 4 days to at least 54 months. It would seem prudent to avoid their re-administration during this time interval.
Lack of intercellular communication between chemically transformed and surrounding nontransformed BALB/c 3T3 cells. (1984)

In order to study the possible role of intercellular communication in the process of in vitro cell transformation, the communicating capacity of BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by 20-methylcholanthrene was investigated using a dye transfer method. Morphologically transformed foci, detectable 4 to 5 weeks after treatment with 20-methylcholanthrene (1.0 microgram/ml), are clearly distinguishable under the phase-contrast microscope from surrounding nontransformed monolayer cells; therefore, a tracer dye can be injected into individual cells, and gap-junctional communication between and among transformed and nontransformed can be studied directly. When fluorescent Lucifer Yellow CH was microinjected into a cell within the transformed focus, the dye was transferred to other transformed cells but not to cells in the adjacent nontransformed area, although they were in physical contact. Similarly, dye injected into a nontransformed cell was transferred to neighboring nontransformed cells but not to cells in an adjacent transformed focus. These results indicate that when BALB/c 3T3 cells are transformed by 20-methylcholanthrene they can no longer communicate with surrounding normal cells, although they maintain the ability to communicate with other transformed cells in the focus. These results suggest that loss of the ability to communicate with surrounding nontransformed cells may be one of the important determinants of induction and expression of the final malignant transformation.
Human Teeth With and Without Dental Caries Studied by Visible Luminescent Spectroscopy (1981)

The visible emission spectra and fluorescent life-time from decayed and nondecayed regions of teeth were measured and compared. The spectrum from carious lesions is different from that of noncarious tooth regions. This may offer a non-X-ray method for diagnosing dental caries in humans.
A distributed control strategy for optimal reactive power flow with power and voltage constraints (2013)

We consider the problem of exploiting the microgenerators connected to the power distribution network to provide distributed reactive power compensation for power losses minimization and voltage support. The proposed strategy relies on the fact that all the intelligent agents, located at the microgenerator buses, can measure their voltage, communicate data with other agents on a cyber-layer, and adjust the amount of reactive power injected into the grid according to a feedback control law that descends from duality-based methods applied to the optimal reactive power flow problem. We provide numerical simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and we discuss its innovative feedback nature.