gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomic hybridization of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: The possible involvement of the DP1 gene in the 13q34 amplicon (1999)

We investigated copy number aberrations in 29 primary tumors and 12 cell lines of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) using comparative genomic hybridization. In the primary tumors, the most common sites of copy number gains were 3q26.3–27 (45%), 8q24 (41%), 5p15 (38%), Xq27–28 (38%), 14q32 (31%), 11q13 (28%), and 20q13.3 (28%). High-level gains (HLGs) indicative of gene amplifications were identified at 11q13 in two cases, and in one case each at 2q33–34, 3q25–29, 5p15.1–15.2, 7q21–22, 11p11.2, 12p11.2–12, and 13q34. Recurrent losses were observed only at 9p13 (17.2%). In the 12 ESC cell lines, the most common sites of HLGs were 5p15.1–15.3 (four cases), 11q13 (four cases), 8q24.1–24.2 (three cases), 20q13.2–13.3 (three cases), 3q26.3 (two cases), and 7p15–22 (two cases). Less frequent HLGs (one case each) were observed at 2p16–22, 3q25, 7p12–14, 7q21–22, 9q34, 10q21, 11p11.2, 14q13–14, 14q31–32, 15q22–26, and 17p11.2. Chromosomes and chromosome arms that showed frequent losses in the cultured lines were 18q (58%), 4 (50%), 9p (50%), and 3p (42%). These findings provide evidence for a number of previously unknown genomic aberrations in ESC, suggesting target regions for positional cloning of genes relevant to carcinogenesis in the esophagus. In particular, we identified a significant amplification of the DP1 gene (TFDP1), a transcription factor that forms heterodimers with E2F1, in the single primary tumor that exhibited HLG at 13q34. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 24:337–344, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA Signature and Regulatory Functions in the Endometrium during Normal and Disease States (2008)

During the menstrual cycle, human endometrium undergoes extensive cyclic morphologic and biochemical modifications in preparation for embryo implantation. These processes are highly regulated by ovarian steroids and various locally expressed gene products and involve inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation (tissue formation), and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, and their altered and/or aberrant expression has been associated with establishment and progression of various disorders, including tumorigenesis. This review highlights the endometrial expression of miRNAs and their potential regulatory functions under normal and pathologic conditions such as endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and endometrial cancer. Given the key regulatory function of miRNAs on gene expression stability, understanding the underlying mechanisms of how endometrial miRNAs are regulated and identifying their specific target genes and their functions might lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies by regulating specific target genes associated with such reproductive disorders.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anti-Amyloidogenic Compounds (2008)

Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by deposition of proteins that abnormally self-assemble into insoluble fibrils and impair organ function. More than 20 unrelated precursor proteins lose their native structure and misfold, leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils. The latter share cross-beta core structure in vivo and in vitro and gain abnormal functions. Local amyloid deposition occurs in the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. AD is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder, with dementia in the elderly as well as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Extracellular deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) has been implicated as a critical step in the pathogenesis of AD. Involvement of neuroinflammation and microglial activation has been emphasized in the AD brain. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that long-term therapeutic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces the risk of developing AD and delayed the onset of AD. We review epidemiological studies of anti-AD effects of NSAIDs, experimental studies of anti-amyloidogenic as well as anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs, and recent clinical trials for AD with NSAIDs. We refer to the anti-fibrillogenic and fibril-destabilizing activities of NSAIDs for other proteins that can aggregate and form amyloid-like fibrils, including alpha-synuclein in DLB. The anti-amyloidogenic properties of some NSAIDs provide new insights for future therapeutic and preventative opportunities for AD and other amyloidoses, and protein-misfolding disorders.
Automatic alert code and test generation system (2002)

The MD-11 aircraft alerting function (AAF) software system was developed with the customer as the aircraft systems expert and the avionics supplier responsible for designing, implementing, testing and maintaining the software. Due to the complexity of the MD-11, frequent changes in alert logic were anticipated, forming a volatile development environment. In spite of these obstacles, a cost-effective method for developing the AAF software was devised and implemented. The authors address the following topics: how the MD-11 AAF operates; how the MD-11 AAF provides a cost-effective and timely method of allowing the customer to design each alert, make flight test changes, and maintain the alert data base; and how the MD-11 AAF allows the avionics supplier to easily verify and validate the alert logic using automatically generated test cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multitarget Therapy for Induction Treatment of Lupus Nephritis (2014)

National Basic Research Program of China, National Key Technology R&D Program.
Large-scale analysis of format string vulnerabilities in Debian Linux (2007)

Format-string bugs are a relatively common security vulnerability, and can lead to arbitrary code execution. In collaboration with others, we designed and implemented a system to eliminate format string vulnerabilities from an entire Linux distribution, using type-qualifier inference, a static analysis technique that can find taint violations.
The effects of cervical transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on motor pathways supplying the upper limb in humans (2017)

Non-invasive, weak direct current stimulation can induce changes in excitability of underlying neural tissue. Many studies have used transcranial direct current stimulation to induce changes in the brain, however more recently a number of studies have used transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation to induce changes in the spinal cord. This study further characterises the effects following cervical transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on motor pathways supplying the upper limb. In Study 1, on two separate days, participants (n = 12, 5 F) received 20 minutes of either real or sham direct current stimulation at 3 mA through electrodes placed in an anterior-posterior configuration over the neck (anode anterior). Biceps brachii, flexor carpi radialis and first dorsal interosseous responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (motor evoked potentials) and cervicomedullary stimulation (cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials) were measured before and after real or sham stimulation. In Study 2, on two separate days, participants (n = 12, 7 F) received either real or sham direct current stimulation in the same way as for Study 1. Before and after real or sham stimulation, median nerve stimulation elicited M waves and H reflexes in the flexor carpi radialis. H-reflex recruitment curves and homosynaptic depression of the H reflex were assessed. Results show that the effects of real and sham direct current stimulation did not differ for motor evoked potentials or cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials for any muscle, nor for H-reflex recruitment curve parameters or homosynaptic depression. Cervical transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation with the parameters described here does not modify motor responses to corticospinal stimulation nor does it modify H reflexes of the upper limb. These results are important for the emerging field of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation.
Low-noise and high-power Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride fiber amplifier (1995)

We have successfully developed a low-noise and high-power Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride amplifier (PDFA) module with a cascade configuration. The maximum signal gain and noise figure were 40.6 dB and 5 dB, respectively. An output power of 20.1 dBm was achieved at an input signal power of 0 dBm. We confirm that this PDFA module performs well from experimental results on its use in a 40 channel AM-VSB video signal transmission and a 10 Gbit/s digital transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IrisCode Decompression Based on the Dependence between Its Bit Pairs (2011)

IrisCode is an iris recognition algorithm developed in 1993 and continuously improved by Daugman. Understanding IrisCode's properties is extremely important because over 60 million people have been mathematically enrolled by the algorithm. In this paper, IrisCode is proved to be a compression algorithm, which is to say its templates are compressed iris images. In our experiments, the compression ratio of these images is 1:655. An algorithm is designed to perform this decompression by exploiting a graph composed of the bit pairs in IrisCode, prior knowledge from iris image databases, and the theoretical results. To remove artifacts, two postprocessing techniques that carry out optimization in the Fourier domain are developed. Decompressed iris images obtained from two public iris image databases are evaluated by visual comparison, two objective image quality assessment metrics, and eight iris recognition methods. The experimental results show that the decompressed iris images retain iris texture that their quality is roughly equivalent to a JPEG quality factor of 10 and that the iris recognition methods can match the original images with the decompressed images. This paper also discusses the impacts of these theoretical and experimental findings on privacy and security.
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using Solar Energy - A Brief Review (2011)

This article presents a meticulous and comprehensive review of literature reported on conversion of carbon dioxide, a green house gas into methanol or to any other value added chemical following various routes including catalytic, thermal, biological, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC). More emphasis is given on conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol using solar energy (i.e., artificial photosynthesis) as this process can tackle the human generated two pressing problems, i.e., “global warming” and “energy crisis” today world is facing. It also covers information on various materials required for designing and development of reliable PEC cells for conversion of carbon dioxide to more value added chemicals including methanol. Finally, it also provides the scope for the future research on this topic with adequate literature support.
Phosphatidylserine externalization in human sperm induced by calcium ionophore A23187: relationship with apoptosis, membrane scrambling and the acrosome reaction (2005)

Our results suggest that PS exposure in human sperm, as induced by A23187, is mainly related to the acrosome reaction rather than to apoptosis.
Frontal Alpha Power Asymmetry in Aggressive Children and Adolescents with Mood and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (2006)

Building on prior research, which has suggested a relationship between aggression and left frontal activity, our study tested the hypothesis that proneness to impulsive aggression would be related to relative left frontal overactivation. EEG one-hertz resting alpha power frontal asymmetry was examined in 65 pediatric male psychiatric patients with a history of impulsive aggression and comorbid mood and disruptive behavior disorders. The strongest finding, which emerged from this analysis, was a finding of relative increases in left frontal activity compared with right frontal activity. The results also indicated that greater left frontal activity correlated positively with the severity of psychiatric disturbance. These findings suggest that relative increases in left frontal activity may be related to a locus of neurophysiological disruption associated with psychopathology characterized by behavioral and affective disinhibition. Results are discussed within a model of behavioral inhibition system-behavioral activation system theory.
Exchange biasing and thermal stability of CoFe/PtPdMn films (2000)

Two sets of PtPdMn exchange biased films Ta 50 Å/CoFe 100 Å/PtPdMn (tAF) Å/Ta 50 Å, with PtPdMn thickness, tAF=350, 600 Å, were deposited on Si substrates by dc magnetron sputtering techniques. After magnetic annealing, these two sets of films exhibited values of exchange bias field, Hex=229 and 254 Oe, respectively. The PtPdMn layer was then thinned to various thicknesses from 600 down to 50 Å by ion beam etching. Hex does not retain its original value. It decreases with decreasing tAF and becomes zero at tAF∼75 Å. In addition, we have observed that the training effect or the anomalous hysteresis loss becomes more pronounced with decreasing tAF. This confirms that not only face-centered-tetragonal phase but, more critically, tAF plays role in determining exchange biasing and its thermal stability. The blocking temperature, TB, appears unaffected by the thinning of the PtPdMn layer, and no apparent change occurs in the local blocking temperature distribution, as suggested by the finite size effect.
powerlaw: A Python Package for Analysis of Heavy-Tailed Distributions (2014)

Power laws are theoretically interesting probability distributions that are also frequently used to describe empirical data. In recent years, effective statistical methods for fitting power laws have been developed, but appropriate use of these techniques requires significant programming and statistical insight. In order to greatly decrease the barriers to using good statistical methods for fitting power law distributions, we developed the powerlaw Python package. This software package provides easy commands for basic fitting and statistical analysis of distributions. Notably, it also seeks to support a variety of user needs by being exhaustive in the options available to the user. The source code is publicly available and easily extensible.
Expansion of Human T Regulatory Type 1 Cells in the Microenvironment of Cyclooxygenase 2 Overexpressing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression and production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) induce type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a tolerogenic milieu. To test this hypothesis, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 10 normal donors were cocultured with autologous dendritic cells, irradiated HNSCC cells and cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-15. HNSCC cells were either COX-2 negative, constitutively expressed COX-2, were transfected with COX-2, or had COX-2 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA. Other modifications included coculture plus or minus the COX-inhibitor, Diclofenac, or synthetic PGE(2) in the absence of HNSCC. Lymphocytes proliferating in 10-day cocultures were phenotyped by flow cytometry, studied for cytokine production by ELISA and for suppressor function in CFSE inhibition assays plus or minus anti-IL-10 or anti-transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). COX-2(+) HNSCC or exogenous PGE(2) induced outgrowth of Tr1 cells with the CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(-)IL2Rbeta(+)IL2Rgamma(+)FoxP3(+)CTLA-4(+)IL-10(+)TGF-beta(1)(+)IL-4(-) phenotype and high suppressor functions (range, 46-68%). Small interfering RNA knockout of COX-2 gene in HNSCC led to outgrowth of lymphocytes with decreased IL2Rgamma (P = 0.0001), FoxP3 (P = 0.05), and IL-10 (P = 0.035) expression and low suppressor activity (range, 26-34%). Whereas COX-2(+) cocultures contained IL-10 and TGF-beta(1) (medians, 615 and 824 pg/mL), cytokine levels were decreased (P < 0.0001) in COX-2(-) cocultures. Inhibition of COX-2 enzymatic activity in HNSCC abrogated outgrowth of Tr1 cells. Neutralizing mAbs to IL-10 and/or TGF-beta(1) abolished Tr1-mediated suppression. COX-2 overexpression in HNSCC plays a major role in the induction of Tr1 cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Preparation and Characterization of Kynurenic Acid Occluded in Sol‐Gel Silica and SBA‐15 Silica as Release Reservoirs (2014)

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) may have important therapeutic effects in neurological disorders; however, its use as a neuroprotective agent is restricted due to its very limited ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). For this reason, we are looking for new alternatives for KYNA to reach the brain; one of them is using drug delivery systems. To obtain KYNA release reservoirs, KYNA molecules were hosted in two different silica materials. The different KYNA‐silica materials were characterized by means of several physical techniques. The spectroscopic studies showed that KYNA molecules remained unchanged once hosted in silica materials. The surface area values of KYNA‐silica samples were substantially lower than those for pure silica materials due to the addition of the drug. The electronic micrographs showed that the sol‐gel KYNA‐silica material consisted of aggregates of nanoparticles around 50 nm in size. On the other hand, the typical SBA‐15 hexagonal arrangement was observed, even when hosting KYNA molecules. KYNA release profiles, carried out during approximately 300 hours, showed a first stage of fast drug release followed by a slow release phase. The experimental values fitted to the Peppas equation indicate that the release mechanism was controlled by Fickian diffusion.
Single-Layer Corporate-Feed Slot Array in the 60-GHz Band Using Hollow Rectangular Coaxial Lines (2014)

A single-layer corporate-feed slot array antenna is presented. The single-layer structure is realized by adopting hollow rectangular coaxial lines for the corporate-feed circuit and placing the feeding circuit and the radiating elements in the same layer. Based on this, a 16 × 16-element slot array for the 60-GHz band is designed and fabricated by diffusion bonding of laminated thin copper plates. A 32.3 dBi gain and 72.2% antenna efficiency are confirmed at the design frequency of 61.5 GHz in the measurements. The 1-dB down gain bandwidth is 8.8%. The conductor loss of the antenna is estimated to be 0.85 dB at 61.5 GHz.
Immune Response to <i>Moraxella Catarrhalis</i> in Children with Otitis Media: Opsonophagocytosis with Antigen-Coated Latex Beads (1994)

Opsonic antibody activity against Moraxella catarrhalis was determined in sera from children with otitis media. The antibody was determined with a new assay utilizing outer membrane antigen-coated latex beads. Antigen-coated beads opsonized in heat-inactivated pooled human serum phagocytosed 47.5 +/- 36.1 beads per 100 neutrophils compared to 15.6 +/- 10.2 beads per 100 neutrophils opsonized in hypogammaglobulinemic serum (p < .025). Antigen-coated beads opsonized in homologous sera from 11 children with M. catarrhalis otitis media demonstrated increased opsonic activity in convalescent sera (34.6 +/- 27.1) compared to acute sera (15.5 +/- 6.7; p < .05). These data suggest that infection with M catarrhalis is associated with the development of opsonic antibody.
Human CD68 promoter GFP transgenic mice allow analysis of monocyte to macrophage differentiation in vivo (2014)

The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into macrophages at sites of inflammation are key events in determining the outcome of the inflammatory response and initiating the return to tissue homeostasis. To study monocyte trafficking and macrophage differentiation in vivo, we have generated a novel transgenic reporter mouse expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the human CD68 promoter. CD68-GFP mice express high levels of GFP in both monocyte and embryo-derived tissue resident macrophages in adult animals. The human CD68 promoter drives GFP expression in all CD115(+) monocytes of adult blood, spleen, and bone marrow; we took advantage of this to directly compare the trafficking of bone marrow-derived CD68-GFP monocytes to that of CX3CR1(GFP) monocytes in vivo using a sterile zymosan peritonitis model. Unlike CX3CR1(GFP) monocytes, which downregulate GFP expression on differentiation into macrophages in this model, CD68-GFP monocytes retain high-level GFP expression for 72 hours after differentiation into macrophages, allowing continued cell tracking during resolution of inflammation. In summary, this novel CD68-GFP transgenic reporter mouse line represents a powerful resource for analyzing monocyte mobilization and monocyte trafficking as well as studying the fate of recruited monocytes in models of acute and chronic inflammation.
Recognition of low-resolution characters by a generative learning method (2005)

Using appropriate training data is necessary to ro-bustly recognize low-resolution characters by the subspace method. Former learning methods used characters actu-ally captured by a camera, which required the collection of characters of all categories in various conditions. In this paper, we propose a new learning method that generates training data by a point spread function estimated before-hand by captured images. This method is efficient, since it eliminates collection of the training data. We confirmed its usefulness by experiments. 1.
Anomaly based intrusion detection for Building Automation and Control networks (2014)

Advanced networking technology and increasing information services have led to extensive interconnection between Building Automation and Control (BAC) networks and Internet. The connection to Internet and public networks massively elevates the risk of the BAC networks being attacked. In this paper, we present a framework for a rule based anomaly detection of Building Automation and Control networks. We develop an anomaly based intrusion detection system to the building network by training the system with dataflows that are dynamically captured from the Fire Alarm System testbed using the BACnet Protocol Monitoring module. The rules acquired from the offline data mining procedure can detect attacks against the BACnet protocol with an extremely low false positive rate. We evaluate our approach by launching several attacks that exploit the generic vulnerabilities of the BACnet Protocol. A classification of detected attacks is introduced at the end.
5-GHz VCO with a wide tuning range using an InPbasedRTD/HBT technology (2004)

This paper presents a fully integrated 5 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide frequency tuning range based on an InP-based RTD/HBT technology. In order to increase the frequency tuning range of the VCO, the base-to-collector p-n junction of HBT is exploited as a varactor of an LC resonator. The VCO generates a maximum output power of -19.5 dBm which is operated at a bias current of 9.5 mA and a supply voltage of 0.8 V with a corresponding DC power consumption of about 7.6 mW. The fabricated RTD/HBT VCO shows a wide frequency tuning range of 710 MHz. In addition, a low phase noise of - 115 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset was obtained.