gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-step site selection for serine-integrase-mediated excision: DNA-directed integrase conformation and central dinucleotide proofreading (2008)

Bacteriophage-encoded serine-integrases are members of the large family of serine-recombinases and catalyze site-specific integrative recombination between a phage attP site and a bacterial attB site to form an integrated prophage. Prophage excision involves a second site-specific recombination event, in which the sites generated by integration, attL and attR, are used as substrates to regenerate attP and attB. Excision is catalyzed by integrase but also requires a phage-encoded recombination directionality factor (RDF). The Bxb1 recombination sites, attP and attB, are small (<50 bp), different in sequence, and quasisymmetrical, and they give rise to attL- and attR-recombinant products that are asymmetric but similar to each other, each being composed of B- and P-type half-sites. We show here that the determination of correct excision products is a two-step process, with a presynaptic RDF-dependent step that aligns attL and attR in the correct orientation and a postsynaptic step in which the nonpalindromic central dinucleotide confers identity to attL and attR and prevents each from recombining with itself.
Reduction of parasitic bipolar transistor actionand punchthrough susceptibilityin MOSFETs using Si/Si <sub>1-x</sub> Ge <sub>x</sub> sources and drains (1996)

Silicon CMOS devices are subject to some limitations as the dimensions are scaled down for VLSI applications. The incorporation of SiGe into the p-channel device can reduce parasitic bipoiar action and punchthrough susceptibility. The authors compare the properties of elevated source and drain devices with and without Si1-xGex in the source and drain regions. We show that the parasitic bipolar gain is reduced by a factor of 18 and that the punchthrough effects seen in silicon devices are absent in the Si0.8Ge0.2 devices.
1,2-Diphenyl-1-pyridylbut-1-enes - potential antiestrogens. Part 2. Biological evaluation (1991)

Z-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4- or 3-pyridyl)-2-phenylbut-1-enes and their acetates are weak estrogens (uterine wt. test, immature mouse), which cause a marked tumor growth inhibition on the hormone-dependent MXT mammary carcinoma of the mouse. Slight estrogenic side effects detd. by uterine wt. were detectable in this tumor expt.
Long-term polarization-mode-dispersion measurement of installed optical submarine cable (1994)

Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) of transmission line can be one of the major degradation factors in long-haul optical-amplifier repeater systems.1,2 Since the magnitude of the PMD changes with time,3 it is of great importance to know the statistics of the PMD to evaluate long-term system performance. To date, many efforts have been made on this issue, both theoretically and experimentally3,4; nevertheless, none of the previous work reports direct measurements of time-varying PMD characteristics of optical fibers in a practical environment. This paper reports the results of long-term PMD measurements of an installed optical submarine cable for what we believe to be the first time.
Lexical postcorrection of OCR-results:the web as a dynamic secondary dictionary? (2005)

Postcorrection of OCR-results for text documents is usuallybased on electronic dictionaries. When scanning textsfrom a specific thematic area, conventional dictionaries oftenmiss a considerable number of tokens. Furthermore,if word frequencies are stored with the entries, these frequencieswill not properly reflect the frequencies found inthe given thematic area. Correction adequacy suffers fromthese two shortcomings. We report on a series of experimentswhere we compare (1) the use of fixed, static large-scaledictionaries (including proper names and abbreviations)with (2) the use of dynamic dictionaries retrieved viaan automated analysis of the vocabulary of web pages froma given domain, and (3) the use of mixed dictionaries. Ourexperiments, which address English and German documentcollections from a variety of fields, show that dynamic dictionariesof the above mentioned form can improve the coveragefor the given thematic area in a significant way andhelp to improve the quality of lexical postcorrection methods.
Imbibition and Flow of Wetting Liquids in Noncircular Capillaries (1997)

Micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) has been used to study the dynamics of imbibition of liquid prepolymers in micrometer-scale, rectangular capillaries formed between an elastomer containing relief structures and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiolates on gold supported on Si/SiO2. Self-assembled monolayers provide a wide range of solid/vapor interfacial free energies (γSV) and a control over wetting and spreading of liquids in the capillaries. The dynamic shapes of the liquids in the capillaries are obtained as solid polymers cross-linked photochemically and examined using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. The shape of the imbibing liquid on a surface with high γSV shows that precursor structures precede macroscopic flow; on low γSV, these precursor structures are absent. Rates of capillary imbibition are linearly correlated to the cosine of static advancing contact angles (θa) of a liquid prepolymer on different SAMs. Different regimes of spreading are observed on a surface having constant, low γSV; in regions close to the origin, the liquid spreads with low θa and via precursor structures. As the distance relative to the origin increases, the liquid spreads with higher θa and the dynamic θa approaches static θa.
Molecular Structure–Function Relations of the Optical Properties and Dimensions of Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies (2010)

Geometrische Vorgaben: Die Form einer Reihe von molekularen Vernetzern, die eine bis vier Pyridyleinheiten tragen, bestimmt die optischen Eigenschaften von Aggregaten aus Goldnanopartikeln (AuNPs; siehe Bild). Wie eine TEM-Analyse belegt, übertragen sich die unterschiedlichen Molekülstrukturen bei der Aggregation der AuNPs auf die Submikrometerebene.
Role of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in O–O Bond Activation (2007)

The selective reduction of oxygen to water requires four electrons and four protons. The design of catalysts that promote oxygen reduction therefore requires the management of both electron and proton inventories. Pacman and Hangman porphyrins provide a cleft for oxygen binding, a redox shuttle for oxygen reduction, and functionality for tuning the acid-base properties of bound oxygen and its intermediates. With proper control of the proton-coupled electron transfer events, O-O bond breaking of oxygen, and more generally oxygenated substrates, may be achieved with high efficiencies. The rule set developed for oxygen reduction may be applied to a variety of other small molecule activation reactions of consequence to energy conversion.
Terminally L??? modified oligonucleotides: pairing, stability and biological properties (1996)

An oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), capable of reducing the growth of human B lymphocytes carrying the t(14;18) chromosome translocation, was prepared in different 'chemical versions': unmodified phosphodiester, phosphorothioate and phosphodiester capped with L-2'-deoxycytidine. Their binding affinity to the complementary synthetic target was studied by the melting point assay. The ODNs, administered to DOHH2 cells, were compared for stability in the culture medium, cellular uptake, time course of the intact sequence concentration within the cell and ability to inhibit cell growth. The 5', 3'-L-capped derivative and the phosphorothioate had comparable potency, superior to that of the unmodified ODN, in agreement with the concentration of undegraded ODNs within the cell.
Variation in the salivary peptide, maxadilan, from species in the <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis</i> complex (1999)

Maxadilan is an approximately 7kDa peptide that occurs in the saliva of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. This peptide is a potent vasodilator and may also have immunomodulatory effects related to the pathogenesis of leishmanial infections. Variation in the primary DNA and inferred amino acid sequence of maxadilan is reported. Differences were found within and among natural field populations as well as among sibling species. Extensive amino acid sequence differentiation, up to 23%, was observed among maxadilan from different populations. This is a remarkable degree of polymorphism considering the small size of this peptide. The vasodilatory activity of maxadilan was equivalent among recombinant maxadilan variants. All maxadilan variants induce interleukin-6. Predicted secondary structure and hydrophobicity plots suggest that these characteristics are conserved among variant peptides. However, profiles based on the antigenic index do differ among peptides.
In situ crosslinking of electrospun gelatin for improved fiber morphology retention and tunable degradation (2015)

<italic>In situ</italic>crosslinking provides a method to crosslink gelatin during electrospinning enabling tunable degradation rates and displaying improved fiber morphology retention after implantation.
Influencia de las prácticas de gestión administrativa en la implementación del Telebachillerato Comunitario del Estado de Querétaro (2015)

La presente investigacion tuvo como objetivo el describir como se llevaron a cabo las practicas de gestion administrativa y su relacion con las practicas de innovacion educativa en la implementacion del programa piloto denominado: “Telebachillerato Comunitario” en el estado de Queretaro, el cual surge de la obligatoriedad del nivel medio superior, como una respuesta del Gobierno Federal para acercar este nivel educativo a la poblacion que por diversas razones no puede acceder a un plantel tradicional. Para llevar a cabo esta investigacion se aplico a 25 docentes, 5 directores, 141 alumnos asi como a autoridades educativas, un estudio mixto con un enfoque predominantemente cualitativo, a traves del cual se recolectaron datos que ayudaron a conocer la percepcion que estos tenian de las acciones que se estaban implementando en el proceso de gestion administrativa, asi como el impacto que generaron estas decisiones en los procesos de innovacion educativa.
Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty: A Survey and Review (2015)

Understanding the nuanced practices and grafting options of dorsal augmentation will improve outcomes and results in rhinoplasty. To better understand the practices of dorsal augmentation among our colleagues. To review the current literature regarding the indications, safety profiles, and outcomes of different materials used in dorsal augmentation. A PubMed search was performed to capture current articles containing reviews or large series regarding the safety and efficacy of various grafting materials used for dorsal augmentation. Of the many options available, autologous cartilage grafts maintain widespread use for dorsal augmentation and other techniques in rhinoplasty. Homologous cartilage grafts, namely irradiated rib, are a preferred alternative. Irradiated costal cartilage has been shown to have low complication rates and is unique in its abundance of supply, particularly in the revision rhinoplasty. Alloplastic implants, particularly silicone, are prevalent in Asian countries where they are a popular first-line choice. ePTFE has a favorable complication profile in primary rhinoplasty; however, caution is recommended when using ePTFE in revision cases. Porous polyethylene has a higher risk of associated complications than the other alloplastic implants listed, and therefore should be considered thoughtfully. Although cartilage is often the preferred graft for dorsal augmentation, there are many other autogenous, homologous, and alloplastic materials that have been shown to be safe and effective choices when applied in the proper setting.
IMMUNOLOGIC PRODUCTION OF ANTIANGIOTENSIN (1960)

The parenteral administration of benzoylangiotensin II-azo-BGG to rabbits produced an antiserum with antiangiotensin activity. Antiangiotensin inhibited the biological action of p-aminobenzoylangiotensin II, valine(5)-angiotensin II (free acid form), isoleucine(5)-angiotensin II and valine(5)-angiotensin II (amide form), but it was totally inert towards angiotensin 1. Antiangiotensin activity was distinguished from that of serum angiotensinase by the following observations: (a) an angiotensinase-free gamma-globulin fraction contained antiangiotensin, (b) angiotensinase inactivated angiotensin II (both the amide and free acid forms) and angiotensin I in contrast to the remarkable specificity for angiotensin II exhibited by antiangiotensin. Serological demonstration of antiangiotensin included: (a) a comparison of its precipitin reaction with the angiotensin BGG complex with the reaction with BGG alone, (b) the partial inhibition of the precipitin reaction with the angiotensin BGG complex by angiotensin II, (c) a precipitin reaction with a different angiotensin II protein complex (cat serum). Angiotensin II administered parenterally as the free polypeptide was not antigenic.
Improving reusability of dynamic meta modeling specifications with rule overriding (2009)

Dynamic meta modeling (DMM) is a visual semantics specification technique targeted at languages equipped with a metamodel. In DMM, the metamodel of a language is mapped into a runtime metamodel able to express runtime states of instances of that language. In addition, graph transformation rules are defined which describe how these runtime states change in time. Given an instance of the runtime metamodel and a set of rules typed over that metamodel, a transition system can be computed which represents the semantics of the model instance under investigation. To be easily understandable by language engineers, DMM resembles a couple of well-known object-oriented concepts. Part of this is the fact that a DMM rule has many similarities to a method in an object-oriented language. In this paper, we enhance DMM such that DMM rules can "override" other DMM rules, similar to a method being overridden in a subclass. We argue that this does not only have positive impact on reusability of DMM specifications, but also improves the intuitive understandability of DMM rules.
Generic torque-maximizing design methodology of permanent magnet Vernier machine (2003)

A permanent magnet Vernier machine has a toothed-pole structure, and its nonlinear relationship between the dimensions and the magnetic field makes its design cumbersome. This paper presents a novel generic design methodology of the machine which brings out the torque-maximizing structure in a convenient manner. Various suggestions concerning the design are also set forth.
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Implementation of Digital Systems: An Alternative to ASIC (2005)

Rapid prototyping and simulation of digital systems using mays of field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips is expected to be an important aspect of digital design and implementation. Four classes of architectures are discussed for connecting an array of FPGA chips and also logic blocks in a chip to achieve functionality and performance comparable to that of ASIC designs using standard cells and mask programmable gate arrays and at a low cost and reduced development time. The four classes of architectures use technologies such as antifuse, SRAM, Electrically Erarable PROM (EEPROM), and (Ultraviolet) Erasable PROM (EPROM) to control and configure interconnection structures between the logic blocks. The software requirements for these classes of architectures and potential performance are discussed. The impact of these architectures on commercial products is also described.
An improved analytical tempetature-rising elution fractionation system for automated analysis of polyethylenes (2004)

The authors describe a system for automated analytical temperature-rising elution fractionation that uses the built-in differential refractometer of a commercial-gel-permeation chromatography instrument and a stop-flow method for sample crystallization. They discuss the performance of the system and its ability to fractionate different types of polyethylenes.
Ruthenium (III) -doped silver bromide and silver chloride: An EPR study (1979)

Ru3+ and Ru2+ ions are substitutionally incorporated into melt-grown crystals of AgBr and AgCl. The d5 trivalent ion predominates in samples prepared in oxidizing environments, such as Br2 and Cl2, and it has been the subject of a detailed magnetic resonance study. It is distributed between four structurally inequivalent lattice sites in both salts. These sites are distinguished by the arrangement of charge-compensating silver-ion vacancies in the two closest cation subshells. Reasonable dopant-vacancy configurations have been deduced from the EPR data.
Recursive processing by noncausal digital filters (1982)

Digital filters having exactly linear phase are usually realized by nonrecursive systems. However, the filter degree, and thus the expense, becomes rather large in the case of steep filters with high attenuation in the stopband. This paper deals with an alternative possibility using noncausal recursive systems After known methods are generalized, suitable algorithms are proposed and systematic errors are investigated. Finally, the method is compared with nonrecursive filtering.
Forkhead Transcription Factors Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Hyperplasia (2005)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration contribute significantly to atherosclerosis, postangioplasty restenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. Forkhead transcription factors belonging to the FoxO subfamily have been shown to inhibit growth and cell cycle progression in a variety of cell types. We hypothesized that forkhead proteins may play a role in VSMC biology. Under in vitro conditions, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulated phosphorylation of FoxO in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells via MEK1/2 and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathways. PDGF-BB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment resulted in the nuclear exclusion of FoxO, whereas PDGF-BB alone down-regulated the FoxO target gene, p27(kip1), and enhanced cell survival and progression through the cell cycle. These effects were abrogated by overexpression of a constitutively active, phosphorylation-resistant mutant of the FoxO family member, TM-FKHRL1. The anti-proliferative effect of TM-FKHRL1 was partially reversed by small interfering RNA against p27(kip1). In a rat balloon carotid arterial injury model, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of FKHRL1 caused an increase in the expression of p27(kip1) in the VSMC and inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. These data suggest that FoxO activity inhibits VSMC proliferation and activation and that this signaling axis may represent a therapeutic target in vasculopathic disease states.
Examination of subsequent reaction products enhanced through parahydrogen-induced nuclear polarization (PHIP) (2000)

Homogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen yields strong nuclear spin polarization in the 1H NMR spectra of the reaction products. This polarization can be transferred to subsequent reaction products and detected by in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy. As a typical example, the hydrogenation of 1-phenylpropyne with parahydrogen generates the spin-polarized molecule 1-phenylpropene. Upon bromination of this product, its polarization is transferred to the reaction product 1,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropane. As a second example, polarization was observed in the addition product of DBr to spin-polarized dimethyl maleate which is generated from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by addition of parahydrogen. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Data Quality Tools. (2005)

Data quality tools aim at detecting and correcting data problems that affect the accuracy and efficiency of data analysis applications. We propose a classification of the most relevant commercial and research data quality tools that can be used as a framework for comparing tools and understand their funcionalities.
Leptin inhibits epileptiform‐like activity in rat hippocampal neurones via PI 3‐kinase‐driven activation of BK channels (2002)

The obese gene product, leptin is an important circulating satiety factor that regulates energy balance via its actions in the hypothalamus. However, leptin receptors are also expressed in brain regions not directly associated with energy homeostasis, such as the hippocampus. Here, leptin inhibits hippocampal neurones via activation of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, a process that may be important in regulating neuronal excitability. We now show that leptin receptor labelling is expressed on somata, dendrites and axons, and is also concentrated at synapses in hippocampal cultures. In functional studies, leptin potently and reversibly reduces epileptiform-like activity evoked in lean, but not leptin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rats. Furthermore, leptin also depresses enhanced Ca(2+) levels evoked following Mg(2+) removal in hippocampal cultures. The ability of leptin to modulate this activity requires activation of BK, but not K(ATP), channels as the effects of leptin were mimicked by the BK channel activator NS-1619, and inhibited by the BK channel inhibitors, iberiotoxin and charybdotoxin. The signalling mechanisms underlying this process involve stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as two structurally unrelated inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, LY294002 and wortmannin, blocked the actions of leptin. These data indicate that leptin, via PI 3-kinase-driven activation of BK channels, elicits a novel mechanism for controlling neuronal excitability. As uncontrolled excitability in the hippocampus is one underlying cause of temporal lobe epilepsy, this novel action of leptin could provide an alternative therapeutic target in the management of epilepsy.
Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery (1995)

Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with a 40-mg initial intrathecal dose of lidocaine provided reliable anesthesia for knee arthroscopy. Duration of spinal anesthesia with lidocaine was dose related.
Improvements to Light Transmittance in Light-cured Composite Resins by the Utilisation of Low Refractive Index Dimethacrylates (1990)

In an effort to improve the light transmittance of light-cured composite resins while avoiding degradation of their physical properties, 4 dimethacrylates having low refractive indices and a bulky backbones such as alicyclic or fluorine-substituted bisphenol groups were synthesized. The depths of cure and physical properties of 6 experimental composite resins containing these new monomers were, then, examined and compared to those of 3 control composite resins containing UDMA, BisMEPP, or BisGMA. The depths of cure of the experimental group containing the synthesized monomers were greater than those of the control group with the exception of the composite containing UDMA. The depth of cure increased as the difference between the refractive indices of the matrix monomer and silica filler decreased. The physical properties of 2 composites in the experimental group were comparable to those of the control group. The matrix monomers of these 2 composites were a mixture of 4,8-dimethacryloxymethylene tricyclo [5.2.1.0] decane or 2,2-bis (4-methacryloxyethoxy phenyl) hexafluoropropane and TEGDMA in a molar ratio of 1/1.