gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of Ultra-Crack-Resistant Oxide Glasses with Adaptive Networks (2017)

Despite their transformative role in our society, oxide glasses remain brittle. Although extrinsic postprocessing techniques can partially mitigate this drawback, they come with undesirable side effects. Alternatively, topological engineering offers an attractive option to enhance the intrinsic strength and damage resistance of glass. On the basis of this approach, we report here the discovery of a novel melt-quenched lithium aluminoborate glass featuring the highest crack resistance ever reported for a bulk oxide glass. Relying on combined mechanical and structural characterizations, we demonstrate that this unusual damage resistance originates from a significant self-adaptivity of the local atomic topology under stress, which, based on a selection of various oxide glasses, is shown to control crack resistance. This renders the lithium aluminoborate glass a promising candidate for engineering applications, such as ultrathin, yet ultrastrong, protective screens.
La symphonie des sphères (1988)

Lorsqu’on considère votre évolution depuis 1945, on remarque qu’il y a beaucoup de mutations dans votre style à différentes périodes. Est-ce pour vous le résultat d’un développement logique, la volonté de découvrir sans cesse de nouveaux horizons, ou la maîtrise de plus en plus grande de l’expression ? Stockhausen : A mon avis, la continuité va de pair avec la multiplicité des oeuvres. La continuité est d’abord liée au principe spirituel : le contenu de mes oeuvres a toujours été religieux (a...
Rate-Optimal Multiuser Scheduling with Reduced Feedback Load and Analysis of Delay Effects (2006)

We propose a feedback algorithm for wireless networks that always collects feedback from the user with the best channel conditions and has a significant reduction in feedback load compared to full feedback. The algorithm is based on a carrier-to-noise threshold, and closed-form expressions for the feedback load as well as the threshold value that minimizes the feedback load have been found. We analyze two delay scenarios. The first scenario is where the scheduling decision is based on outdated channel estimates, and the second scenario is where both the scheduling decision and the adaptive modulation are based on outdated channel estimates.
Inhibitory Effects of Hydrangenol Derivatives on the Activation of Hyaluronidase and their Antiallergic Activities (1988)

Antiallergic drugs such as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and tranilast are strong inhibitors of hyaluronidase. On developing new active antiallergic agents, we aimed principally at the inhibitory effects of hydrangenol derivatives on the activation of hyaluronidase. Among the compounds tested, the hydrangenol derivatives, BT-1 and BT-2, showed strong inhibitory effects. Antiallergic activities of BT-1 and BT-2 were also evident from the fact that they inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80, and from the suppressive effect on 48 h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats.
A Convenient Way to Generate Hydrogen Chloride in the Freshman Lab (1995)

Hydrogen chloride is an important chemical of interest not only by itself, but also for preparative purposes. Although available in cylinders of variable capacity and purity, generation of HCl gas is done frequently in chemistry labs. Hydrogen chloride can be prepared by a number of methods, but most procedures found in preparative handbooks make use of concentrated H2SO4. This article explores the use of CaCl2 as an alternative to H2SO4 in the generation of HCl.
Haptic feedback with HaptoBend (2017)

HaptoBend1 is an original device for providing general passive haptic feedback (PHF) in virtual reality (VR). The importance of haptic feedback in VR is apparent through improvements in presence [3] and user performance [2]. However, most general haptic systems rely on a large number of props [1], or large, complex actuated systems [5]. As a simple shape-changing device HaptoBend addresses this gap by allowing users to manipulate it from a single plane for 2D shapes, into multi-sided objects for 3D shapes. HaptoBend is simple, yet diverse by leveraging the dominance of human vision over other senses to provide realistic PHF with physical approximations [1, 5].
DYRK1A: the double-edged kinase as a protagonist in cell growth and tumorigenesis (2015)

DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A) is a kinase with multiple implications for embryonic development, especially in the nervous system where it regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors. The DYRK1A gene is located in the Down syndrome critical region and may play a significant role in the developmental brain defects, early neurodegeneration, and cancer susceptibility of individuals with this syndrome. DYRK1A is also expressed in adults, where it might participate in the regulation of cell cycle, survival, and tumorigenesis, thus representing a potential therapeutic target for certain types of cancer. However, the final readout of DYRK1A overexpression or inhibition depends strongly on the cellular context, as it has both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. Here, we will discuss the functions and substrates of DYRK1A associated with the control of cell growth and tumorigenesis with a focus on the potential use of DYRK1A inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Profiling microRNA Expression using Sensitive cDNA Probes and Filter Arrays (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (approximately 22 nucleotides) that have recently emerged as important regulators of gene expression in both plants and animals. With few exceptions, however, the target genes and the expression levels of most miRNAs are unknown. Here we show that direct random-primed cDNA synthesis on either chemically synthesized small RNAs (21-22 nucleotides) or gel-purified mature miRNAs from human cells can produce specific and sensitive full-length cDNA probes. Using oligonucleotide filter arrays, we demonstrate that the internally labeled cDNA probes are sensitive for detecting differential miRNA expression between untreated and O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated HL60 cells. The present study should facilitate a high-throughput analysis of miRNA expression between samples.
Synthese von (<i>S,S</i>)‐Diisotyrosin und dessen Einbau in ein Ansatripetid (1989)

Der charakteristische Baustein der stark antibakteriellen Ansatripeptide WS‐43708 A und B ist Diisotyrosin 1 . Durch stufenweisen enantioselektiven und diastereoselektiven Aufbau konnte verethertes 1 mit vier differenzierten Amino‐ und Carboxy‐Schutzgruppen erhalten werden ( ee und de > 99%). Als Modell der Naturstoffe wurde das Ansatripeptid 2 synthetisiert. Der Ringschluß gelang über die linearen Pentafluorphenylester in 80% Ausbeute – unabhängig davon, an welcher “Seite” die zusätzliche Aminosäure zuvor eingebaut worden war. magnified image
Anaerobic Degradation of Soluble Fractions of [ <sup>14</sup> C-Lignin]Lignocellulose (1985)

[C-lignin]lignocellulose was solubilized by alkaline heat treatment and separated into different molecular size fractions for use as the sole source of carbon in anaerobic enrichment cultures. This study is aimed at determining the fate of low-molecular-weight, polyaromatic lignin derivatives during anaerobic degradation. Gel permeation chromatography was used to preparatively separate the original C-lignin substrate into three component molecular size fractions, each of which was then fed to separate enrichment cultures. Biodegradability was assessed by monitoring total carbon dioxide and methane production, evolution of labeled gases, loss of C-activity from solution, and changes in gel permeation chromatographic elution patterns. Results indicated that the smaller the size of the molecular weight fraction, the more extensive the degradation to gaseous end products. In addition, up to 30% of the entire soluble lignin-derived carbon was anaerobically mineralized to carbon dioxide and methane.
Radiative lifetimes, absorption cross sections, and the observation of new high-lying odd levels of ^238U using multistep laser photoionization* (1976)

We report the observation of over 100 new high-lying odd levels in atomic uranium between 32 600 and 34 200 cm−1 using tunable laser techniques. These augment the 32 odd levels previously determined in this energy regime by conventional atomic spectroscopy. The method used in these studies, multistep photoionization under pulsed dye laser excitation, was also employed to make J assignments, measure radiative lifetimes, and to obtain absorption cross sections of transitions involving these levels.
831. The scope of the knoevenagel synthesis of aromatic secondary amines (1952)

Ng. Ph. Buu-Hoï, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 4346 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520004346
Survival of patients with ovarian cancer. Apart from stage and grade, tumor progesterone receptor content is a prognostic indicator (1990)

Estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen receptors (AR) were determined by saturation analysis in 100 cases of primary ovarian cancer and correlated with patient survival. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years (range, 4 to 6.5 years). Positivity for PR was associated with a significantly better survival rate (P less than 0.05). A similar observation was made for AR (P less than 0.05). Tumor ER content did not correlate with survival. Ten patients with tumors that had negative results for both PR and AR all died of the disease. In 91 cases of serous, endometrioid, and mucinous carcinomas, grade, stage, and tumor PR content, but not AR content, were identified as independent prognostic factors with the use of the Cox proportional hazards model. The relative risk of patients with PR-negative tumors was 2.3 times higher than that of patients with tumors containing high (greater than or equal to 30 fmol/mg) PR levels.
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria (2003)

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological conditions including myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Limitation of electron transport by the inhibitor rotenone immediately before ischemia decreases the production of ROS in cardiac myocytes and reduces damage to mitochondria. We asked if ROS generation by intact mitochondria during the oxidation of complex I substrates (glutamate, pyruvate/malate) occurred from complex I or III. ROS production by mitochondria of Sprague-Dawley rat hearts and corresponding submitochondrial particles was studied. ROS were measured as H2O2 using the amplex red assay. In mitochondria oxidizing complex I substrates, rotenone inhibition did not increase H2O2. Oxidation of complex I or II substrates in the presence of antimycin A markedly increased H2O2. Rotenone prevented antimycin A-induced H2O2 production in mitochondria with complex I substrates but not with complex II substrates. Catalase scavenged H2O2. In contrast to intact mitochondria, blockade of complex I with rotenone markedly increased H2O2 production from submitochondrial particles oxidizing the complex I substrate NADH. ROS are produced from complex I by the NADH dehydrogenase located in the matrix side of the inner membrane and are dissipated in mitochondria by matrix antioxidant defense. However, in submitochondrial particles devoid of antioxidant defense ROS from complex I are available for detection. In mitochondria, complex III is the principal site for ROS generation during the oxidation of complex I substrates, and rotenone protects by limiting electron flow into complex III.
Structure of self-assembled n-dodecyl substituted azobenzene poly(phenylene) dendrimers on graphite (2005)

The highly ordered structure of a new class of dendrimers, n-dodecyl substituted azobenzene poly(phenylene) dendrimers, which self-assemble on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces, was studied by atomic force and scanning tunnelling microscopy. The second and third generations of this dendrimer have been investigated for the formation of layers consisting of parallel strips with 4.5 and 5.7 nm spacing, respectively. We found that the lamellar packing of the alkyl chains on the graphite surface was responsible for the macromolecular structure. Annealing above 70 °C played an important role in sample preparation. The macromolecular structure was found to be independent of the solvent used during spin-coating.
Computer graphics for holography (1992)

Holograms composed from a multiplicity of independent object views, referred to as composite holograms, are discussed. Three techniques, one an extension of old techniques and the others new, are presented. The latter are called the direct method and the postrendering method. The direct approach is favored because it uses less disk space. However, it requires somewhat more care because the elemental views rendered are not at all representative of normal object views.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of FR900452, a novel platelet-activating factor inhibitor from a Streptomyces (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of FR900452, a novel platelet-activating factor inhibitor from a StreptomycesShigehiro Takase, Nobuharu Shigematsu, Ichiro Shima, Itsuo Uchida, Masashi Hashimoto, Toshiji Tada, Shigetaka Koda, and Yukiyoshi MorimotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 15, 3485–3487Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00391a071https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00391a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Zn‐containing S14 ribosomal protein from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (1998)

The S14 ribosomal protein from the thermophilic organism Thermus thermophilus , which contains a zinc‐finger‐like motif, namely ‐C‐X 2 ‐C‐X 12 ‐C‐X 2 ‐C‐ [Tsiboli, P. & Choli, T. (1995) Biol. Chem. Hoppe‐Seyler 376, 127−130], has been overproduced, purified and investigated for its zinc content. According to atomic absorption experiments, the protein contains zinc at a molar ratio of one. Denaturation experiments with simultaneous use of denaturing and chelating agents (guanidine hydrochloride and EDTA), as well as renaturation experiments, have shown both that Zn is strongly bound to the protein and with 1 : 1 Zn/protein stoicheiometry. These findings provide very strong evidence in support of the participation of the zinc‐finger motif and the Zn in the formation of a zinc‐finger domain.
Immunohistochemical localization of ?-opioid receptors in the central nervous system of the rat (1996)

Of the three major types of opioid receptors ( mu, delta, kappa) in the nervous system, mu-opioid receptor shows the highest affinity for morphine that exerts powerful effects on nociceptive, autonomic, and psychological functions. So far, at least two isoforms of mu-opioid receptors have been cloned from rat brain. The present study attempted to examine immunohistochemically the distribution of mu-opioid receptors in the rat central nervous system with two kinds of antibodies to recently cloned mu-opioid receptors (MOR1 and MOR1B). One antibody recognized a specific site for MOR1, and the other bound to a common site for MOR1 and MOR1B. Intense MOR1-like immunoreactivity (LI) was seen in the 'patch' areas and subcallosal streak in the striatum, medial habenular nucleus, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe nucleus, parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus, ambiguous nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and laminae I and II of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns. Many other regions, including the cerebral cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus, also contained many neuronal elements with MOR1-LI. The distribution pattern of the immunoreactivity revealed with the antibody to the common site for MOR1 and MOR1B (MOR1/1B-LI) was almost the same as that of MOR1-LI. Both MOR1-LI and MOR1/1B-LI were primarily located in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. However, the immunoreactivities were observed in the accessory optic tract, fasciculus retroflexus, solitary tract, and primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns. The presynaptic location of MOR1-LI and MOR1/1B-LI was confirmed by lesion experiments: Enucleation, placing a lesion in the medial habenular nucleus, removal of the nodose ganglion, or dorsal rhizotomy resulted in a clear reduction of the immunoreactivities, respectively, in the nuclei of the accessory optic tract, some subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, or laminae I and II of the spinal dorsal horn. The results indicate that the mu-opioid receptors are widely distributed in the brain and spinal cord, mainly postsynaptically and occasionally presynaptically. Opioids, including morphine, may inhibit the excitation of neurons via the postsynaptic mu-opioid receptors, and also suppress the release of neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators from axon terminals through the presynaptic mu-opioid receptors.
Genome-Wide Analyses of Exonic Copy Number Variants in a Family-Based Study Point to Novel Autism Susceptibility Genes (2020)

The genetics underlying the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is complex and remains poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated an important role for structural variation in a subset of cases, but has lacked the resolution necessary to move beyond detection of large regions of potential interest to identification of individual genes. To pinpoint genes likely to contribute to ASD etiology, we performed high density genotyping in 912 multiplex families from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection and contrasted results to those obtained for 1,488 healthy controls. Through prioritization of exonic deletions (eDels), exonic duplications (eDups), and whole gene duplication events (gDups), we identified more than 150 loci harboring rare variants in multiple unrelated probands, but no controls. Importantly, 27 of these were confirmed on examination of an independent replication cohort comprised of 859 cases and an additional 1,051 controls. Rare variants at known loci, including exonic deletions at NRXN1 and whole gene duplications encompassing UBE3A and several other genes in the 15q11–q13 region, were observed in the course of these analyses. Strong support was likewise observed for previously unreported genes such as BZRAP1, an adaptor molecule known to regulate synaptic transmission, with eDels or eDups observed in twelve unrelated cases but no controls (p = 2.3×10−5). Less is known about MDGA2, likewise observed to be case-specific (p = 1.3×10−4). But, it is notable that the encoded protein shows an unexpectedly high similarity to Contactin 4 (BLAST E-value = 3×10−39), which has also been linked to disease. That hundreds of distinct rare variants were each seen only once further highlights complexity in the ASDs and points to the continued need for larger cohorts.
TITANIUM DIOXIDE PHOTOCATALYZED OXIDATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS: THE ROLE OF WATER AND OXYGEN TO INDUCE AROMATIC HYDROXYLATION (1983)

Abstract Careful examination of the effects of oxygen and water on titanium dioxide photocatalyzed oxidation of benzene and toluene has revealed that electron transfers from water and toluene to the photogenerated positive holes, synchronized with electron transfer from the photoexcited titanium dioxide to oxygen, result, respectively, in aromatic nuclear hydroxylation giving phenolic products and in oxidation of the side chain of toluene affording benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde.
Complexation of glucose by α- and β-cyclodextrins (1995)

The concentration of glucose in aqueous solutions was monitored, using a blood glucose meter, as small weighed cyclodextrin portions were added. Equilibrium constants for the formation of inclusion complexes were calculated. A binding constant determined by this method has been verified by a technique involving competition of the guest with methyl orange indicator dye. ΔH 0 values for the reactions were estimated using calorimetry. These values along with ΔG 0 provided estimates of the standard entropies. The values calculated compare favorably with those from a previously determined empirical equation. The possibility of hydrogen bond formation is suggested by the large negative enthalpies as well as by molecular mechanics calculations. Keywords: α-, β-cyclodextrin, glucose, binding constants.
Tailoring visible photonic bandgaps through microstructural order and coupled material effects in SiO_2 colloidal crystals (2000)

Photonic bandgap effects were observed in particulate arrays of solution-derived SiO2 particles prepared by the forced and unforced sedimentation of colloidal suspensions. The spectral shape of the bandgap is shown experimentally to correlate directly to the degree of microstructural order and is discussed by analogy to the x-ray diffraction of crystals, glasses, and glass–ceramics. An optical temperature sensor was made by use of the thermoptic differences between SiO2 and an organic liquid infiltrated into the particle interstices. This provides the proof-of-concept that easily fabricated disordered structures, i.e., photonic glasses, can permit simple, even disposable, optical devices based on photonic band engineering.