gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic TNF Infusion Causes Anorexia But Not Accelerated Nitrogen Loss (1989)

It has been proposed that many of the physiologic and metabolic changes that occur during critical illness and malignancy are mediated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin (TNF). To test this hypothesis, a study of the metabolic responses that occurred during 5 days of continuous intravenous (I.V.) infusion of TNF both in rats and tumor-bearing humans was conducted. TNF administration was associated with anorexia, fluid retention, acute phase responses, and negative nitrogen balance. In both species, changes in nitrogen balance were related to the onset of anorexia and not to the development of hypermetabolism and accelerated net tissue breakdown. TNF may represent the primary afferent stimulus inducing many of the metabolic changes that occur during critical illness, but it is not solely responsible for the accelerated net proteolysis that occurs in these patients.
[Killing effect of Robo1 targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor modified NK92 cells against glioma and neuroblastoma cells]. (2018)

<b>Objective:</b> To study the cytotoxicity of Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells against U87-MG and SH-SY5Y cells, to explore the effects of IL-15, IL-21 and dexamethasone on the proliferation, survival and cytotoxicity of Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells and to optimize the culture protocol. <b>Methods:</b> Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells were constructed by lentivirus transfection.The Robo1 car positive cells were sorted, expanded and detected by flow cytometry.The levels of Robo1 expression in SH-SY5Y and U87-MG cells were examined by flow cytometry.The cytotoxicity of Robo1-CAR-NK92 or NK92 cells against target cells was tested by CCK-8 and live cell imaging. The levels of cytokines in the supernatant of cultured cells during the cytotoxicity assay were quantified by the multiplex bead-array assay.NK92 and Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells (4×10(4)/ml) were treated with 25 ng/ml of IL-15, 25 ng/ml of IL-21 and/or 50 nmol/L dexamethasone for 3 days and were stained with trypan blue to acquire the viable cell numbers and survival rates. <b>Results:</b> Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells were constructed and tested 98.89% positive after sorting and expansion. While 88.14% of U87-MG cells were Robo1 positive, there were 99.75% of Robo1 positive SH-SY5Y cells.The specific lysis of Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells against target cells was significantly higher than that of NK92 cells (<i>P</i><0.05). Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells obviously secreted more cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ than parental NK92 cells during cytotoxic activity against U87-MG cells (<i>P</i><0.05). IL-15 significantly increased the proliferation and survival of Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells, but IL-21 played the opposite role.Remarkably, IL-21 and IL-15+ IL-21 enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK92 and Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells.The combination of dexamethasone and interleukins dramatically promoted the proliferation and survival but obviously impaired the cytotoxicity of NK92 and Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells (except that IL+ 15 and dexamethasone have no effect on the cytotoxicity of Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells). <b>Conclusions:</b> Compared to parental NK92 cells, Robo1-CAR-NK92 cells exhibited more potent targeted killing against glioma and neuroblastoma cells.Collectively, treatment of IL-15 and dexamethasone was the optimized protocol for culture of Robo1 CAR NK cells during our experimental time.
Multistep Microreactions with Proteins Using Electrocapture Technology (2004)

A method to perform multistep reactions by means of electroimmobilization of a target molecule in a microflow stream is presented. A target protein is captured by the opposing effects between the hydrodynamic and electric forces, after which another medium is injected into the system. The second medium carries enzymes or other reagents, which are brought into contact with the target protein and react. The immobilization is reversed by disconnecting the electric field, upon which products are collected at the outlet of the device for analysis. On-line reduction, alkylation, and trypsin digestion of proteins is demonstrated and was monitored by MALDI mass spectrometry.
Multi-person Pose Tracking using Sequential Monte Carlo with Probabilistic Neural Pose Predictor (2019)

It is an effective strategy for the multi-person pose tracking task in videos to employ prediction and pose matching in a frame-by-frame manner. For this type of approach, uncertainty-aware modeling is essential because precise prediction is impossible. However, previous studies have relied on only a single prediction without incorporating uncertainty, which can cause critical tracking errors if the prediction is unreliable. This paper proposes an extension to this approach with Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). This naturally reformulates the tracking scheme to handle multiple predictions (or hypotheses) of poses, thereby mitigating the negative effect of prediction errors. An important component of SMC, i.e., a proposal distribution, is designed as a probabilistic neural pose predictor, which can propose diverse and plausible hypotheses by incorporating epistemic uncertainty and heteroscedastic aleatoric uncertainty. In addition, a recurrent architecture is introduced to our neural modeling to utilize time-sequence information of poses to manage difficult situations, such as the frequent disappearance and reappearances of poses. Compared to existing baselines, the proposed method achieves a state-of-the-art MOTA score on the PoseTrack2018 validation dataset by reducing approximately 50% of tracking errors from a state-of-the art baseline method.
Organotypic keratinocyte coculture using normal human serum:  an immunomorphological study at light and electron microscopic levels (2002)

Organotypic human skin equivalents of keratinocytes and fibroblasts embedded in collagen matrix have been the subject of studies dealing with various culture conditions. Development of standardized living skin equivalents using defined culture media containing respective supplements can provide important instruments of investigation in skin biology. In addition, tissue engineering has created human skin substitutes for treatment of acute and chronic wounds. In our study, we generate a modified organotypic human skin equivalent using normal human serum instead of fetal calf serum (FCS). This living skin equivalent shows regular stratification of the epidermis and the dermal-epidermal junction zone at the light and electron microscopic level after 1 and 3 weeks of coculture. Indirect immunofluorescence reveals regular expression of differentiation antigens and the major structural proteins collagen IV, laminin 5 and the integrin chains alpha 6 and beta 4 at the dermo-epidermal junction zone. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates expression of collagen IV, alpha 6 and beta 4 integrin after 1 and 3 weeks of coculture. This organotypic skin model could be the basis for autologous skin grafting for acute or chronic wounds using autologous serum as well as patients' keratinocytes and fibroblasts, thus minimizing the risk of transmitting infectious agents.
Theory of polarization shift keying modulation (1992)

A rigorous analysis of digital coherent optical modulation schemes using the state of polarization as the modulating parameter is presented. The analysis obtains the exact performance of all the polarization-based modulation schemes proposed in the literature so far, including a differential demodulation scheme, named DPOLSK, which does not require either electrooptic or electronic polarization tracking. Preliminary results involving multilevel transmission schemes based on the state of polarization are introduced. A spectral analysis of POLSK signals is also proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid detection of total and fecal coliforms in water by enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferone-beta-D-galactoside (1988)

Three fluorogenic methylumbelliferone (MU) substrates were evaluated for rapid detection of total and fecal coliform bacteria (TC and FC) in drinking water. 4-MU-beta-D-galactoside, MU-heptanoate, and MU-glucuronide were used to determine enzyme activity as a surrogate measure of coliform concentration. Coliforms occurring in river water and in potable water artificially contaminated with raw sewage were tested. The initial rate of hydrolysis (delta F) of MU-beta-D-galactoside showed promise as an indicator of TC and FC within 15 min. delta F of MU-glucuronide was insufficient in the 15-min assay, and combinations of the MU substrates did not enhance delta F. A direct membrane filter method incorporating MU-beta-D-galactoside into an agar medium allowed the detection of as few as 1 FC per 100 ml within 6 h.
Instrumentation of a Variable Angle Scatterometer (1983)

The problem of light scatter from optical surfaces is amplified to a critical level for the optics used in Ring Laser Gyros (RLG). Preparation of these optics is slow, laborious and very expensive. Further, the resulting surfaces are very fragile and extremely difficult to handle without damage. These concerns have led to the development of a scatterometer at the RLG Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, which can detect light scatter from the so-called “supersmooth” optics used in RLG's without first overcoating with metals. A HeNe laser is used to illuminate a 0.5mm diameter spot on the surface of the test mirror or mirror substrate. The incident angle can be varied to accommodate different mirror designs. The test piece can be maneuvered with five degrees of freedom, four of which are computer controlled to facilitate scanning. Scatter measurements are made with a photomultiplier detection system which has a sensitivity of ten parts per billion per steradian. For these optics the standard process for determining substrate surface quality prior to applying the dielectric coatings is to coat the surface with silver and make a scatter measurement. The silver is then removed by etching and the dielectric coatings are applied. Using the scatterometer we have been able to measure surface scatter without first coating the surface with silver. This equipment has yielded evidence that virtually all the techniques now used to characterize these surfaces damage them, including the technique of coating with silver. Subjecting these optics to vibration, thermal cycling, multiple cleaning steps of almost any type and some classes of shipping containers, all seem to attack the Beilby layer in a way that increases the scatter substantially.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Gündelik Hayat (2016)

Ortadogu ve Kuzey Afrika’dir. Kia ayni zamanda Ic ve Guneybati Asya Arastirmalari Merkezi mudurudur. 2 Ingilizceden Turkceye aktarimda Arapca-Farsca unsurlarin cevirisinde Latin ceviri-yazim kurallarina uyulmus ve bilgi sahibi olmayan okur icin eserin basina “sesli okuma cetveli” eklenmistir. Daha da sevindirici olan durum ise okurlara yardimci olmak amaci ile dipnotlarda belirtilen kaynakcalarin, Turkce basim var ise, cevirenin ya da editorun notu kaydi dusulerek eserlerin isimleri, yayinevleri ile basim tarihleri verilmistir
Buffer Thickness Contribution to Suppress Vertical Leakage Current With High Breakdown Field (2.3 MV/cm) for GaN on Si (2011)

Vertical breakdown studies on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a silicon substrate are studied to analyze the breakdown dependence with regard to i-GaN thickness (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GaN</sub> ) and buffer thickness (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Buf</sub> ). A high breakdown field (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of 2.3 MV/cm was observed for MOCVD grown epilayers of total thickness of 5.5 μm on Si. Increasing T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Buf</sub> is more significant than TGaN toward controlling the vertical leak age and demonstrates a high breakdown. For transistor operation at high voltages, GaN layers grown on thick buffers are highly resistive to the flow of leakage currents. A high figure of merit (BV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d.ON</sub> ) of 5.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · Ω <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> · cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> was observed for an AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on Si using a thick buffer.
Component Integration and Loss Sources in 3 – 5 kW Gas Turbines (2005)

The performance of a regenerated gas turbine generator in the 3–5 kW power range has been analyzed to understand why its measured efficiency was on the order of 6% rather than the 20% suggested by consideration of its components’ efficiencies as measured on rigs. This research suggests that this discrepancy can be primarily attributed to heat and fluid leaks not normally considered in the analysis of large gas turbine engines because they are not as important at large scale. In particular, fluid leaks among the components and heat leakage from the hot section into the compressor flow path contributed the largest debits to the engine performance. Such factors can become more important as the engine size is reduced. Other non-ideal effects reducing engine performance include temperature flow distortion at the entrance to both the compressor and turbine. A cycle calculation including all of the above effects matched measured engine data. It suggests that relatively simple changes such as thermal isolation and leak sealing can increase both power output and efficiency of this engine, over 225% in the latter case. The validity of this analysis was demonstrated on an engine in which partial thermal isolation and improved sealing resulted in a more than 40% increase in engine output power.
Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Attenuates DNA Damage and Tumor Suppression during Development of Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

The signaling pathways that mediate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) downstream of mutant Kras remain incompletely understood. Here, we focus on ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an mTOR effector not implicated previously in cancer. Phosphorylation of rpS6 was increased in pancreatic acinar cells upon implantation of the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or transgenic expression of mutant Kras. To examine the functional significance of rpS6 phosphorylation, we used knockin mice lacking all five phosphorylatable sites in rpS6 (termed rpS6(P-/-) mice). Strikingly, the development of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions induced by either DMBA or mutant Kras was greatly reduced in rpS6(P-/-) mice. The rpS6 mutants expressing oncogenic Kras showed increased p53 along with increased staining of γ-H2AX and 53bp1 (Trp53bp1) in areas of acinar ductal metaplasia, suggesting that rpS6 phosphorylation attenuates Kras-induced DNA damage and p53-mediated tumor suppression. These results reveal that rpS6 phosphorylation is important for the initiation of pancreatic cancer.
Importância da determinação da maturação biológica no processo de seleção de talentos no atletismo feminino (2003)

Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma metodologia que permita classificar a tendência de crescimento do resultado competitivo das saltadoras em altura do estado de São Paulo, considerando o período da maturação biológica, para ser utilizado como indicador dinâmico no processo de seleção e promoção de talentos. Foram analisados os resultados de 75 atletas das categorias Pré-mirim e Mirim, com idades de 11 a 15 anos, que participaram nas competições oficiais da Federação Paulista de Atletismo no ano de 2002. Na determinação da maturação biológica, foi utilizada a idade da menarca e para diagnosticar o ritmo de crescimento dos resultados competitivos, foram utilizados o índice absoluto, obtido pela diferença da média dos resultados de uma idade a outra, e o D percentual relativo destes resultados. A idade da menarca teve a sua maior incidência aos 12, 16 anos de idade e a média dos resultados competitivos das 5 primeiras de cada idade apresentou dois picos de evolução: um nas idades de 11 para 12 anos com um incremento de 11.5% dos resultados competitivos e outro de 13 a 14 anos, com um desenvolvimento no desempenho de 10,5%. Estes resultados permitem traçar indicadores, onde aquelas crianças que apresentam um índice de crescimento do rendimento competitivo acima dos encontrados neste estudo em cada idade, respeitando o período da menarca, demonstram uma forte tendência em atingir um alto nível de rendimento na idade adulta.
An aspect-oriented approach to mobile agent access control (2005)

This paper presents an aspect-oriented approach to access control in mobile agent systems, where a multipoint security check mechanism visualizes the services of a host as individual components and access of each will require authentication. Since the security check crosscuts various functional components of mobile agents and their platforms, it is naturally handled in the aspect-oriented paradigm. This approach is suitable not only for developing mobile agent systems from scratch, but also for enhancing legacy mobile agent systems. We demonstrate our approach through a case study.
Fuzzy Logic: A Practical Approach (1994)

Part 1 Introduction: history why fuzzy overview of fuzziness concepts fuzzy sets fuzzy systems fuzzy cognitive maps fuzzy parallel distributed processing overview of uses. Part 2 Fuzzy logic - crisp and fuzzy: crisp logic, the traditional type fuzzy logic - what is it why it's more realistic why it's a generalization of crisp logic. Part 3 Fuzzy systems on the job: consumer products - air conditioning, automobile systems, smart houses, other control systems industrial products - power plant, cement kiln, glass furnace in commerce - stock trading graphics adapter products for the professions - medicine, education research uses - NASA space station, other military uses - projectile control, logistics, situation assessment. Part 4 Fuzzy decision-making: spouse selection medical treatment selection career selection voting selection new car selection restaurant selection. Part 5 Using fuzzy cognitive maps: business growth scenario ozone depletion scenario drug war scenario illegal immigrant scenario. Part 6 Demonstration programs.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity via Humoral Immune Epitope of Nef Protein Expressed on Cell Surface (2004)

Antibodies against various proteins of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) can be detected in HIV-1-infected individuals. We previously reported that the level of Ab response against one Nef epitope is correlated with HIV-1 disease progression. To elucidate the mechanism for this correlation, we examined Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against target cells expressing Nef. We observed efficient cytotoxicity against Nef-expressing target cells in the presence of patient plasma and PBMCs. This ADCC activity was correlated with the dilution of plasma from HIV-1-infected patients. Addition of a specific synthetic peptide (peptide 31:FLKEKGGLE) corresponding to the Nef epitope reduced cell lysis to approximately 50%. These results suggest that PBMCs of HIV-1-infected patients may exert ADCC via anti-Nef Abs in the patients' own plasma and serve as a mechanism used by the immune system to regulate HIV-1 replication.
[Comparison of medical and surgical treatment of infantile hypothalamic obesity]. (1975)

The jejunoileal bypass is, of all the current therapeutic possibilities, the only permanent method for the successful treatment of a patient with hypothalamic obesity. Pre-operatively, it is advisable, however, to reduce the body weight by exclusive alimentation with Vivonex, in order to improve lung function and diminish the operation risks. Putting a smaller section of the bowel at rest will prevent major weight loss, as well as more severe complications. The disturbances of the calcium and potassium metabolism and of liver function, which frequently occur after jejunoileal bypass operation, were not observed, when on both sides of the immobilised bowel section a section of small bowel 23 to 38 cm long was maintained in normal function.
Deployment Testing of the De-Orbit Sail Flight Hardware (2015)

The paper describes the results of the deployment testing of the De-Orbit Sail flight hardware, a drag sail for de-orbiting applications, performed by DLR. It addresses in particular the deployment tests of the fullscale sail subsystem and deployment force tests performed on the boom deployment module. For the fullscale sail testing a gravity compensation device is used which is described in detail. It allows observations of the in-plane interaction of the booms with the sail membrane and the central satellite body to which the booms and sails are attached. During the tests issues with the sail deployment tests were encountered which lead to design changes regarding the sail and type of sail attachment.
Characterization of specific proteases associated with the surface of human skin fibroblasts, and their modulation in pathology (1992)

Human skin fibroblasts were probed for cell surface protease activity. One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV). A group of bestatin-sensitive N-exoaminopeptidase activities was also characterized when Ala-, Leu-, and Arg-pNA were used as chromogenic substrates. Using human monoclonal antibodies anti-CD 13 and anti-CD 26 that recognized, respectively, an N-Ala-aminopeptidase and DPP IV, it was found that human dermal fibroblasts expressed the CD 13 and CD 26 antigen on their surface. In addition, both peptidases were specifically immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibodies anti-CD 13 and anti-CD 26 from plasma membranes. Cell surface proteolytic activities were also investigated in human fibroblasts derived from dermatological and rheumatic diseases (i.e., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lichen planus). It was found that these fibroblasts also expressed both types of proteinases initially identified on normal skin fibroblasts and that the levels of Ala-aminopeptidase activities were similar in all cases. In contrast, the levels of Arg-, Leu-exoaminopeptidase, and DPP IV activities were significantly higher (up to 6.6-fold) in the three pathological fibroblast populations than in their normal counterparts. These proteolytic enzymes, therefore, can potentially serve as markers in dermatological diseases. Taken together, our results suggest that skin fibroblast-derived proteinases associated with both serine and N-aminopeptidase activities may play an important role by participating in the extracellular events associated with fibroblast behaviour.