Green Polymerization Methods (2011)

PART I: Introduction WHY ARE GREEN POLYMERIZATION METHODS RELEVANT TO SOCIETY, INDUSTRY, AND ACADEMICS? Status and Outlook for Environmentally Benign Processes Importance of Catalysis Brief Summaries of Contributions PART II: Integration of Renewable Starting Materials PLANT OILS AS RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCK FOR POLYMER SCIENCE Introduction Cross-Linked Materials Non-Cross-Linked Polymers Conclusion FURANS AS OFFSPRINGS OF SUGARS AND POLYSACCHARIDES AND PROGENITORS OF AN EMBLEMATIC FAMILY OF POLYMER SIBLINGS Introduction First Generation Furans and their Conversion into Monomers Polymers from Furfuryl Alcohol Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers Polyesters Polyamides Polyurethanes Furyl Oxirane Application of the Diels-Alder Reaction to Furan Polymers Conclusions SELECTIVE CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL INTO FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS VIA CATALYTIC PROCESSES Introduction Conversion of Glycerol into Glycerol Carbonate Conversion of Glycerol into Acrolein/Acrylic Acid Conversion of Glycerol into Glycidol Oxidation of Glycerol to Functional Carboxylic Acid Conversion of Glycerol into Acrylonitrile Selective Conversion of Glycerol into Propylene Glycol Selective Coupling of Glycerol with Functional Monomers Conclusion PART III: Sustainable Reaction Conditions MONOTERPENES AS POLYMERIZATION SOLVENTS AND MONOMERS IN POLYMER CHEMISTRY Introduction Monoterpenes as Monomers Monoterpenes as Solvents and Chain Transfer Agents Conclusion CONTROLLED AND LIVING POLYMERIZATION IN WATER: MODERN METHODS AND APPLICATION TO BIO-SYNTHETIC HYBRID MATERIALS Introduction Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Living Free Radical Methods for Bio-Synthetic Hybrid Materials TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION: BIODIESEL AS A POLYMERIZATION SOLVENT Introduction Solution Polymerization and Solvents Biodiesel as a Polymerization Solvent Experimental Section Effect of FAME Solvent on Polymerization Kinetics Effect of Biodiesel Feedstock Conclusion PART IV: Catalytic Processes RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF RENEWABLE SIX-MEMBERED CYCLIC CARBONATES. MONOMER SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS Introduction Preparation of 1,3-Propanediol from Renewable Resources Preparation of Dimethylcarbonate from Renewable Resources Synthesis of Trimethylene Carbonate Six-Membered Cyclic Carbonates: Thermodynamic Properties of Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalytic Processes Using Catalysts Methods Thermoplastic Elastomers and their Biodegradation Processes Concluding Remarks POLY(LACTIDE)S AS ROBUST RENEWABLE MATERIALS Introduction Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Poly(lactide) Properties Thermoplastic Elastomers Future Developments/Outlook SYNTHESIS OF SACCHARIDE-DERIVED FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS Introduction Polyethers Polyamides Polyurethanes and Polyureas Glycosilicones DEGRADABLE AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS BY CONTROLLED/LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION: FROM SYNTHESIS TO APPLICATION Introduction (Bio)degradable Polymers by CRP Conclusions PART V: Biomimetic Methods and Biocatalysis HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMERS FROM PHENOLIC BIOMONOMERS Introduction Coumarates as Phytomonomers LC Properties of Homopolymers LC Copolymers for Biomaterials LC Copolymers for Photofunctional Polymers LC Copolymers for High Heat-Resistant Polymers Conclusion ENZYMATIC POLYMER SYNTHESIS IN GREEN CHEMISTRY Introduction Polymers Media for Enzymatic Polymerization Conclusions and Outlook GREEN CATIONIC POLYMERIZATIONS AND POLYMER FUNCTIONALIZATION FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY Introduction Enzyme Catalysis Green Cationic Polymerizations and Polymer Functionalization Using Lipases Natural Rubber Biosynthesis - The Ultimate Cationic Polymerization Synthetic Cationic Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene