gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength tuning of light-emitting polyarenes via an m-phenylene interrupting block: π–π* band-gap adjustment of thiophene-based conjugated polymers (1996)

B. S. Kang, M. Seo, Y. S. Jun, C. K. Lee and S. C. Shin, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1167 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001167
In vivo imaging of baboon and human dopamine transporters by positron emission tomography using [<sup>11</sup>C]WIN 35,428 (1993)

[11C]WIN 35,428 was evaluated as a specific in vivo radioligand for the dopamine transporter site by PET scanning in nonhuman primates and humans. In studies with a baboon (Papio anubis), [11C]WIN 35,428 accumulated in brain regions containing dopamine transporters, i.e., the striata. This accumulation was partially blocked by prior administration of (-)cocaine (4 mg/kg, i.v.). Placement of a unilateral lesion of dopamine-containing nerve terminals with MPTP resulted in a unilateral reduction in [11C]WIN 35,428 accumulation in the striatum on the side of the lesion. Imaging of D2 dopamine receptors with [11C]NMSP in the same MPTP-treated animals showed much less reduction in the postsynaptic D2 dopamine receptors as compared to the much larger reduction in the dopamine transporters labeled with [11C]WIN 35,428. A total of ten normal human volunteers (five males and five females) with ages ranging from 19 to 81 years were studied. The caudate/cerebellar and putamen/cerebellar ratios ranged from 4.4 to 5.7 90 min after injection of the tracer. Preliminary kinetic modeling with arterial plasma sampling resulted in an average binding potential (k3/k4) of 4.98 in the caudate nucleus and 5.13 in putamen. To demonstrate in vivo blockade with dopamine reuptake inhibitors, two subjects received prior oral doses of 6 mg mazindol. Subject 5 had significant reductions of 29% in the caudate/cerebellar ratio at 90 min, 35% in the putamen/cerebellar ratio at 90 min, 45% in the caudate k3/k4 ratio from 6.7 to 3.7, and 46% in the putamen k3/k4 from 4.7 to 2.5. Subject 8 had significant reductions of 20% in both the caudate/cerebellar ratio and the putamen/cerebellar ratio at 90 min. During the human PET studies, a number of neuropsychological tests and physiological measurements were performed. No significant changes were found after administration of the [11C]WIN 35,428 alone. Taken together, these data indicate that [11C]WIN 35,428 is a promising radioligand for future studies of neuropsychiatric disorders that involve the dopamine transporter site.
The GABA Excitatory/Inhibitory Shift in Brain Maturation and Neurological Disorders (2012)

Ionic currents and the network-driven patterns they generate differ in immature and adult neurons: The developing brain is not a "small adult brain." One of the most investigated examples is the developmentally regulated shift of actions of the transmitter GABA that inhibit adult neurons but excite immature ones because of an initially higher intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i), leading to depolarizing and often excitatory actions of GABA instead of hyperpolarizing and inhibitory actions. The levels of [Cl(-)](i) are also highly labile, being readily altered transiently or persistently by enhanced episodes of activity in relation to synaptic plasticity or a variety of pathological conditions, including seizures and brain insults. Among the plethora of channels, transporters, and other devices involved in controlling [Cl(-)](i), two have emerged as playing a particularly important role: the chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2. Here, the authors stress the importance of determining how [Cl(-)](i) is dynamically regulated and how this affects brain operation in health and disease. In a clinical perspective, agents that control [Cl(-)](i) and reinstate inhibitory actions of GABA open novel therapeutic perspectives in many neurological disorders, including infantile epilepsies, autism spectrum disorders, and other developmental disorders.
Development of an air-stable, high energy density printed silver oxide battery for printed electronics (2014)

Printed batteries are an emerging battery technology that has the potential to enable the production of cheap, small form factor, flexible batteries capable of powering a diverse set of existing and emerging applications such as RFID tags, flexible displays, and distributed sensors. Partially printed battery systems have been demonstrated with various chemistries, but what is needed is a low cost, air stable method of fully printing a high energy density battery. The silver oxide chemistry is attractive for developing a printed battery as this chemistry has demonstrated high energy densities and is capable of air stable fabrication processes due to its aqueous based chemistry. To facilitate the advancement of this technology, material components and printing techniques need to be developed to demonstrate a printed silver oxide battery. In this thesis, I will present a printed, high energy density silver oxide battery using stencil printing. A key development of this work is the demonstration of a novel photopolymerized polyacrylic acid separator layer. The mechanical and conductivity properties of this layer are characterized and optimized for an alkaline silver oxide battery. The incorporation of this layer has enabled a printed battery capable of high rates of discharge. The batteries show no difference in discharge upon flexing at a bend radius of 1.0 cm, indicating their potential in flexible applications. The fabricated batteries have demonstrated high energy densities of 10 mWhr cm <super>-3</super> and areal capacities of 5.4 mAhr cm<super>-2</super>, which satisfies the power and capacity requirements for most of the proposed applications. In addition, we have examined several printed encapsulation schemes (epoxy and silicone caulk) for encapsulating an alkaline battery.
Prognostic relevance of Tiam1 protein expression in prostate carcinomas (2006)

The Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Tiam1, plays a major role in oncogenicity, tumour invasion and metastasis but its usefulness as a prognostic marker in human cancer has not been tested yet. In the present study, Tiam1 expression was analysed in benign secretory epithelium, pre-neoplastic high-grade prostatic intraepithelium neoplasia (HG-PIN) and prostate carcinomas of 60 R0-resected radical prostatectomy specimens by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Tiam1 proved significantly overexpressed in both HG-PIN (P<0.001) and prostate carcinomas (P<0.001) when compared to benign secretory epithelium. Strong Tiam1 overexpression (i.e. > or =3.5-fold) in prostate carcinomas relative to the respective benign prostatic epithelium was statistically significantly associated with disease recurrence (P=0.016), the presence of lymph vessel invasion (P=0.031) and high Gleason scores (GS) (i.e. > or =7) (P=0.044). Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association of strong Tiam1 overexpression with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.03). This prognostic effect of strong Tiam1 overexpression remained significant in multivariate analysis including preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels, pT stage, and GS (relative risk= 3.75, 95% confidence interval=1.06-13.16; P=0.04). Together, our data suggest that strong Tiam1 overexpression relative to the corresponding benign epithelial cells is a new and independent predictor of decreased DFS for patients with prostate cancer.
Protecting Effect of Phytoncide Solution, on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts against Reactive Oxygen Species (2009)

Four types of phytoncide solutions (A-Type, AB-Type, D-Type and G-Type) was evaluated for reduction of cell damage induced by oxidative stress, ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), hydroxyperoxide (H2O2) and t-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP); stimulation of collagen synthesis against UVA irradiation; and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity induced by UVA in human normal dermal fibroblasts and human reconstituted skin model. The A-Type, AB-Type, D-Type and G-Type of phytoncide solutions pretreatment resulted in significant protection against cell damage induced by UVB, UVA, H2O2 and t-BHP. The amount of type I collagen following UVA irradiation was increased by treatment with phytoncide solutions in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, phytoncide solutions also suppressed the excess MMP-1 irradiated UVA in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects of G-type solution were superior to those of other types solutions.
Functional P2Y <sub>2</sub> Nucleotide Receptors Mediate Uridine 5′-Triphosphate–Induced Intimal Hyperplasia in Collared Rabbit Carotid Arteries (2002)

These findings indicate for the first time a role for the UTP/ATP receptor, P2Y2, in development of intimal hyperplasia associated with atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Overcoming Unobservability in Three-Axis Stabilization of Satellites, (1984)

Abstract : An optimal solution is provided to the problem of attitude estimation for a three-axis stabilized satellite devoid of yaw sensor and undergoing significant disturbing torques. Influence of such torques on expectable system performance is analysed via a geometric approach. Estimation of satellite attitude is demonstrated to be systematically impaired by an error resulting from the system's torque-induced unobservability. The said error is then explicitly assessed as a function of the disturbing torques. Furthermore, assuming a priori knowledge of the disturbing torque amplitudes, an optimal observability canonical form is derived. Optimal attitude estimation is finally provided, together with the expression of the relative, thus minimized, systematic error. (Author)
Halide based MBE of crystalline metals and oxides (2011)

Abstract A halide based growth chemistry has been demonstrated which can deliver a range of transition metals using low to moderate effusion cell temperatures (30‐700 °C) even for high melting point metals. Previously, growth with transition metal species required difficult to control electron beam or impurity inducing metal organic sources. Both crystalline oxide and metal films exhibiting excellent crystal quality are grown using this halide‐based growth chemistry. Films are grown using a plasma assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) system with metal‐chloride precursors. Crystalline niobium, cobalt, iron, and nickel were grown using this chemistry but the technology can be generalized to almost any metal for which a chloride precursor is available. Additionally, the oxides LiNbO 3 and LiNbO 2 were grown with films exhibiting X‐ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curve full‐widths at half maximum of 150 and 190 arcseconds respectively. LiNbO 2 films demonstrate a memristive response due to the rapid movement of lithium in the layered crystal structure. The rapid movement of lithium ions in LiNbO 2 memristors is characterized using impedance spectroscopy measurements. The impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest an ionic current of.1 mA for a small drive voltage of 5 mV AC or equivalently an ionic current density of ∼87 A/cm 2 . This high ionic current density coupled with low charge transfer resistance of ∼16.5 Ω and a high relaxation frequency (6.6 MHz) makes this single crystal material appealing for battery applications in addition to memristors. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Practical Use of a Cooling Device to Inhibit the Cutaneous Pain of Hypodermic Injections (1953)

THE pain, discomfort, unpleasantness and anxiety attendant upon hypodermic injections given to children is well known to most physicians, particularly to those, such as pediatricians and allergists, who routinely administer a large number of hypodermic injections. The fear of anticipation is often much worse than the actual pain of the injection and is frequently translated into unpleasant disturbances in the reception room of the office or on the wards and in the outpatient clinics of the hospital. Extreme examples have been noted in children who start to scream as the car in which they are riding approaches or passes the . . .
Hydrogen Platelets in Crystalline Silicon - Precursors for the 'Smart Cut' (1999)

High concentrations of H in crystalline Si are known to induce planar defects (platelets), primarily in the (100) and the (Ill)planes. These platelets are precursors for the so-called smart cut technique for fabricating Silicon-On-insulator (SOI) structures. The atomic-scale mechanisms for the nucleation and growth of the H-induced platelets and many other experimental observations have remained elusive. We review recent extensive first-principles calculations in terms of which a comprehensive picture of platelet nucleation and growth has emerged. The theory naturally accounts for the observed preference for (111) and (100) planes, for H release and trapping of H-2 molecules, and other observations. The platelets are arrays of second-neighbor hydrogenated vacancies that do not bind to each other, but their formation is due to energetically preferred reaction pathways.
Evaluation and optimization of the maximum-likelihood approach for image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis (2010)

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) suffers from incomplete data and poor quantum statistics limited by the total dose absorbed in the breast. Hence, statistical reconstruction assuming the photon statistics to follow a Poisson distribution may have some advantages. This study investigates state-of-art iterative maximum likelihood (ML) statistical reconstruction algorithms for DBT and compares the results with simple backprojection (BP), filtered backprojection (FBP), and iFBP (FBP with filter derived from iterative reconstruction). The gradient-ascent and convex optimization variants of the transmission ML algorithm are evaluated with phantom and clinical data. Convergence speed is very similar for both iterative statistical algorithms and after approximately 5 iterations all significant details are well displayed, although we notice increasing noise. We found empirically that a relaxation factor between 0.25 and 0.5 provides the optimal trade-off between noise and contrast. The ML-convex algorithm gives smoother results than the ML-gradient algorithm. The low-contrast CNR of the ML algorithms is between CNR for simple backprojection (highest) and FBP (lowest). Spatial resolution of iterative statistical and iFBP algorithms is similar to that of FBP but the quantitative density representation better resembles conventional mammograms. The iFBP algorithm provides the benefits of statistical iterative reconstruction techniques and requires much shorter computation time.
Regulation of smooth muscle excitation and contraction (2008)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) make up the muscular portion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the distal oesophagus to the internal anal sphincter. Coordinated contractions of these cells produce the motor patterns of GI motility. Considerable progress was made during the last 20 years to understand the basic mechanisms controlling excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. The smooth muscle motor is now understood in great molecular detail, and much has been learned about the mechanisms that deliver and recover Ca2+ during contractions. The majority of Ca2+ that initiates contractions comes from the external solution and is supplied by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC). VDCC are regulated largely by the effects of K+ and non-selective cation conductances (NSCC) on cell membrane potential and excitability. Ca2+ entry is supplemented by release of Ca2+ from IP(3) receptor-operated stores and by mechanisms that alter the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Molecular studies of the regulation of smooth muscle have been complicated by the plasticity of SMC and difficulties in culturing these cells without dramatic phenotypic changes. Major questions remain to be resolved regarding the details of E-C coupling in human GI smooth muscles. New discoveries regarding molecular expression that give GI smooth muscle their unique properties, the phenotypic changes that occur in SMC in GI motor disorders, tissue engineering approaches to repair or replace defective muscular regions, and molecular manipulations of GI smooth muscles in animals models and in cell culture will be topics for exciting investigations in the future.
Bloom Filters and Compact Hash Codes for Efficient and Distributed Image Retrieval (2016)

This paper presents a novel method for efficient image retrieval, based on a simple and effective hashing of CNN features and the use of an indexing structure based on Bloom filters. These filters are used as gatekeepers for the database of image features, allowing to avoid to perform a query if the query features are not stored in the database and speeding up the query process, without affecting retrieval performance. Thanks to the limited memory requirements the system is suitable for mobile applications and distributed databases, associating each filter to a distributed portion of the database (database shard), addressing large scale archives and allowing query parallelization. Experimental validation has been performed on three standard image retrieval datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art hashing methods in terms of precision, while the proposed indexing method obtains a 2x speedup.
Cellular actors, Toll-like receptors, and local cytokine profile in acute coronary syndromes (2010)

In ACS patients, monocytes accumulate within thrombi and specifically overexpress TLR-4. Together with the local expression patterns of chemokines and cytokines, the increase of TLR-4 reflects a concerted activation of this inflammatory pathway at the site of coronary occlusion in ACS.
Adjusting forward error correction with temporal scaling for TCP-friendly streaming MPEG (2005)

New TCP-friendly constraints require multimedia flows to reduce their data rates under packet loss to that of a conformant TCP flow. To reduce data rates while preserving real-time playout, temporal scaling can be used to discard the encoded multimedia frames that have the least impact on perceived video quality. To limit the impact of lost packets, Forward Error Correction (FEC) can be used to repair frames damaged by packet loss. However, adding FEC requires further reduction of multimedia data, making the decision of how much FEC to use of critical importance. Current approaches use either inflexible FEC patterns or adapt to packet loss on the network without regard to TCP-friendly data rate constraints. In this article, we analytically model the playable frame rate of a TCP-friendly MPEG stream with FEC and temporal scaling, capturing the impact of distributing FEC within MPEG frame types with interframe dependencies. For a given network condition and MPEG video encoding, we use our model to exhaustively search for the optimal combination of FEC and temporal scaling that yields the highest playable frame rate within TCP-friendly constraints. Analytic experiments over a range of network and application conditions indicate that adjustable FEC with temporal scaling can provide a significant performance improvement over current approaches. Extensive simulation experiments based on Internet traces show that our model can be effective as part of a streaming protocol that chooses FEC and temporal scaling patterns that meet dynamically-changing application and network conditions.
Advanced Windows NT (1995)

第１章 プロセスとスレッド 第２章 ヒープを使ったメモリ管理 第３章 仮想メモリ管理 第４章 メモリマップトファイル 第５章 スレッド同期 第６章 Ｗｉｎ３２サブシステム環境 第７章 ダイナミックリンクライブラリ 第８章 スレッドローカルストレージ 第９章 ファイルシステムとファイルＩ／Ｏ 第１０章 構造化例外処理 第１１章 Ｕｎｉｃｏｄｅ
Plastic-molded total-reflection type polygonal laser beam deflector (1993)

This paper reports on a novel plastic-molded total-reflection type polygonal laser beam deflector. The present deflector is fabricated by the optical resin molding which is suitable for low cost mass production, because expensive and time consuming aluminum reflection film deposition process has been eliminated. A bar-code reader that employs the present laser beam deflector shows readout performance comparable to that of a bar-code reader that employs the conventional aluminum deflector. The condition of no deterioration of the field depth of the resolving power for the bar-code is that, waviness on a deflector surface W<SUB>max</SUB> is to be less than 10 nm.
Neural network predistortion technique for digital satellite communications (2002)

Digital satellite communication channels are equipped with nonlinear amplifiers (such as travelling wave tube amplifiers (TWT)) which exhibit severe performance degradation when they work near saturation. The paper proposes an adaptive neural network (NN) predistortion technique to process the transmitted data. The technique is based on two steps. In the first step, the TWT amplitude and phase conversions are modeled. In the second step, an approximation of the TWT inverse transfer function is used to implement the predistorter. The approach is applied to 16-QAM transmissions and is shown through computer simulations to out-perform classical Volterra series techniques.
Characterisation of the structure of inorganic chloride salts with chlorine solid state n.m.r. (1989)

The 35Cl and 37Cl solid state n.m.r. chemical shifts are highly correlated with the interionic separation and with the electronegativity of the cation in inorganic chloride salts with cubic structures.
A parallel ASIC VLSI neurocomputer for a large number of neurons and billion connections per second speed (1991)

A programmable high-performance and high-speed neurocomputer for a large neural network is developed using an application specific IC (ASIC) neurocomputing chip made by CMOS VLSI technology. The neurocomputer consists of one master node and multiple slave nodes which are connected by two data paths, a broadcast bus and a ring bus. The neurocomputer was built on one printed circuit board having 50 VLSI chips that offers 1-2 billion connections/s. This computer uses SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data stream) to simplify hardware and operation, and to ease programming. Only the master node has a program counter that controls both master and slave instructions. The same slave instructions are fed to all slave nodes simultaneously. It can execute complicated computations, memory access and memory address control, and data paths control in a single instruction and in a single time step using a pipeline. The neurocomputer processes forward and backward calculation of multilayer perceptron type neural networks, feedback type neural networks, and any other type of programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Campylobacter (1988)

The phylogenetic relationships of all species in the genus Campylobacter, Wolinella succinogenes, and other gram-negative bacteria were determined by comparison of partial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences. The results of this study indicate that species now recognized in the genus Campylobacter make up three separate ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence homology groups. Homology group I contains the following true Campylobacter species: Campylobacter fetus (type species), Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter laridis, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter mucosalis, Campylobacter sputorum, and “Campylobacter upsaliensis” (CNW strains). “Campylobacter cinaedi,” “Campylobacter fennelliae,” Campylobacter pylori, and W. succinogenes constitute homology group II. Homology group III contains Campylobacter cryaerophila and Campylobacter nitrofigilis. We consider the three homology groups to represent separate genera. However, at present, easily determinable phenotypic characteristics needed to clearly differentiate them are not apparent. The three homology groups are only distantly related to representatives of the alpha, beta, and gamma branches of the purple bacteria, indicating that these bacteria do not belong to any previously defined branch of this phylum.