gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phospholipase C-γ<sub>1</sub>augments the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2006)

The present study was conducted to examine the role of a major cardiac phospholipase C (PLC) isozyme, PLC-gamma 1, in cardiomyocytes during oxidative stress. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) and treated with 20, 50, and 100 microM H2O2 for 15 min. A concentration-dependent (up to 50 microM) increase in the mRNA level and membrane protein content of PLC-gamma 1 was observed with H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, PLC-gamma 1 was activated in response to H2O2, as revealed by an increase in the phosphorylation of its tyrosine residues. There was a marked increase in the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 by H2O2; this change was attenuated by a PLC inhibitor, U-73122. Although both protein kinase C (PKC)-delta and -epsilon protein contents were increased in the cardiomyocyte membrane fraction in response to H2O2, PKC-epsilon activation, unlike PKC-delta, was attenuated by U-73122 (2 microM). Inhibition of PKC-epsilon with inhibitory peptide (0.1 microM) prevented Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Moreover, different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 microM) of this peptide augmented the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability in response to H2O2. In addition, a decrease in cardiomyocyte viability, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion, due to H2O2 was also seen when cells were pretreated with U-73122 and was as a result of increased apoptosis. It is therefore suggested that PLC-gamma 1 may play a role in cardiomyocyte survival during oxidative stress via PKC-epsilon and phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
Research of the technology about 3D model visualization based on VB (2010)

Realizes the 3D model visualization based on DirectX and OpenGL in the environment of Visual Basic.NET,and evaluates their effect and efficiency by compare with the examples using the different interfaces.Furthermore,provides the theory and the reality basis to apply the 3D model visualization to the CAD system.
Catalytic Cracking of Diesel Fuel for Army Field Burners. Part 1. Feasibility of Producing Gaseous Fuel From Diesel Fuel Via Catalytic Cracking. (1999)

This is one of three reports of a study to develop an advanced fuel conversion process to produce gaseous fuel for field burners. In this process, a gaseous mixture of light hydrocarbons is produced via the catalytic cracking of logistic fuels like diesel and JP-8. This innovative concept leads to a new generation of field burners which are relatively simple, reliable, easy to start and environmentally favorable. The objective of this report (Part I) was to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of a catalytic cracking process to produce hydrogen and light hydrogen molecules from diesel with a minimal yield of heavy hydrocarbon residues. The objective was fully met by successfully identifying state-of-the-art catalysts and processes, and experimentally demonstrating the feasibility of catalytic cracking of diesel to produce easily combustible gaseous fuel. A second report (Part II NATICK/TR-00/005) contains results of objectives to demonstrate the long-term performance (durability/reliability) of a catalytic cracking process developed during Part I to produce a prototype catalytic burning unit. A third report (Part III NATICK/TR-00/006) discusses results of the objective to develop a centralized fuel-processing unit for large scale multiburner operation utilizing the catalytic cracking technology.
Die Zusammenschlußbewegung unter den mittelständischen Handelsbetrieben vor dem zweiten Weltkrieg (1968)

Die Analyse der Großzusammenschlußformen des mittelständischen Handels erfordert einen kurzen Rückblick auf ihre bereits 65jährige Entstehungsgeschichte, sind doch zahlreiche Eigenheiten nur aus der historischen Entwicklung zu erklären. Allerdings liegen gerade über das aufschlußreiche Gründungsstadium der ältesten Vereinigungen kaum Unterlagen vor 77. Erst ihre beginnende Entfaltung hat literarische Beachtung gefunden 78.
Increasing the TRL level of new PV technologies using modular solar panels (2012)

Implementing new solar panel technology is often hampered by the difficulty in obtaining flight heritage and integrating experimental technology into conventional panels. Modular solar panel technology overcomes this limitations by allowing substitution of an experimental module into a modular flight arrays using mostly conventional modules. The approach also allows the benefits of full-scale testing when test article sizes are limited, and easier repairability by allowing damaged modules to be unplugged and repaired off-line. The Modular Solar Array with Integrated Construction (MOSAIC) technology described in this paper is being flight tested on an experiment called MATRS (Modular Array Technology for Reconfigurable Spacecraft). The flight test unit includes modules with conventional space cells, as well as advanced modules incorporating 4-junction IMM cells to demonstrate the ease of ground integration and replacement of the modular approach, incorporation of experimental modules in flight, and life cycle performance.
A circularly polarized patch antenna loaded with metamaterial (2015)

A single-feed circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna loaded with metamaterial (MTM) for broadband operation is presented. The antenna is designed with a truncated corner square patch placed between a lattice of 4 × 4 periodic metal plates and the ground plane. The antenna with an overall size of 32 mm × 32 mm × 3 mm resulted in a |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <;-10 dB bandwidth of 4.70-7.48 GHz (44%), and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 4.9-6.2 GHz (22%). In addition, the radiation characteristics of an antenna showed a good broadside left-hand CP radiation with a small gain variation (7.2-7.7 dBic) within the AR bandwidth.
Studies on 1,3-benzoxazines. III. Reaction of imidoyl chlorides of 1,3-benzoxazines with 2-hydroxy- or 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxides: A novel S-N bond formation via electrocyclic rearrangement. (1981)

A novel S-N bond formation through 3, 3-sigmatropic rearrangement in the reaction of imidoyl chlorides of 1, 3-benzoxazines (1) with 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide (8) is described. Treatment of the imidoyl chlorides (1a-f) with 2-hydroxypyridine N-oxide (2) afforded the corresponding pyridone derivatives (3a-f). When 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide (8) was used instead of 2, the thiopyridones (7) or N-oxides (9) were obtained and both compounds were transformed to 3-(2-pyridylthio)-4-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-1, 3-benzoxazines (13) through electrocyclic rearrangement on heating in a suitable solvent.
High expression of the mdr3 multidrug-resistance gene in advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1992)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by an often indolent course with a poor therapeutic response at advanced stage. We investigated the expression of the human multidrug resistance genes mdr1 and mdr3 in 31 patients with CLL. Using specific probes for mdr1 and mdr3 mRNA, respectively, expression of both genes could be found in 29 of 31 patients. Of those, nine had high expression of mdr1 and 13 of mdr3. Although 29 of 31 patients showed coexpression of mdr1 and mdr3, the mRNA levels were not interrelated. Prior treatment did not significantly influence the level of mdr1 or mdr3 expression. In patients with advanced CLL (Rai stage 3 + 4) the mdr3 expression was significantly higher than in early-stage CLL (Rai stage 0 to 2) (mean +/- SEM, 25.4 +/- 4.2 U v 4.2 +/- 1.1 U; P less than .0001). Such a difference was not present for mdr1 expression (21.5 +/- 4.3 U v 10.7 +/- 3.1 U; P = .09). These data indicate that advanced-stage CLL is associated with an increased mdr3 expression, which may concur with a decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Design of active filters for dynamic damping of harmonic currents generated by asynchronous drives in modern high power locomotives (2003)

In order to reduce the harmonic contents of the currents injected in an overhead traction line while minimizing the electromagnetic interference with the signaling system, the use of an active filter seems to give marked advantages. The authors analyze a reliable active filter design, applied to a high-power, high-speed locomotive. The configuration, mainly derived from existing applications of harmonic power filters for industrial plants, was simulated and investigated, especially from the viewpoint of the dynamic behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combinatorial algorithms for the generalized circulation problem (1988)

A generalization of the maximum-flow problem is considered in which the amounts of flow entering and leaving an arc are linearly related. More precisely, if x(e) units of flow enter an arc e, x(e) lambda (e) units arrive at the other end. For instance, nodes of the graph can correspond to different currencies, with the multipliers being the exchange rates. Conservation of flow is required at every node except a given source node. The goal is to maximize the amount of flow excess at the source. This problem is a special case of linear programming, and therefore can be solved in polynomial time. The authors present polynomial-time combinatorial algorithms for this problem. The algorithms are simple and intuitive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new control IC for dimmable high-frequency electronic ballasts (1999)

A new control technique has been developed for the high-frequency dimming of fluorescent lamps using phase-sensing of the ballast output stage current to regulate lamp power. This approach has been incorporated into an IC giving the following ballast design implications: dimming to 1%; ignition at any dim setting; multiple lamp management; no heating or current transformers required; No opamps required; immunity from lamp negative incremental impedance effects; reduction of PCB interconnects, IC pin count and components; minimum changes needed to adapt non-dimming ballast for dimming; and end-of-life detection (nondimming). The result is a high-performance lighting solution for dimmable ballasts and ballasts with end-of-life protection at a significant cost reduction. A complete linear dimmable ballast has been built that incorporates the new IR2159 IC verifying all of these features. The end-of-life feature can only be applied to a nondimming ballast (using the IR2158 IC) and details of this are covered.
The effects of polymer properties on DNA separations by capillary electrophoresis in uncross‐linked polymer solutions (1996)

Low-viscosity, aqueous solutions of hydrophilic linear polymers have been shown to be useful for the separation of DNA restriction fragments by capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, the choice of polymer type, size, and concentration remains largely empirical, because the mechanism of high-field electrophoretic DNA separations in polymer solutions is not well understood. To assist in elucidating the mechanism of DNA separation, we experimentally investigated the effects of polymer properties such as stiffness (persistence length), average molecular mass, polydispersity, and hydrophilicity on the separation of DNA ranging from 72 bp to 23 kbp. This was accomplished by comparing the results of DNA separations obtained by counter-migration CE in dilute and semidilute solutions of linear polyacrylamide (PAA), hydroxyethyl-cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) polymers of several different average molecular masses.
Discovery of a Novel Superpotent and Selective Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist (HS024): Evaluation in Vitro and in Vivo (1998)

Several novel cyclic MSH analogs were synthesized, and their binding properties were tested on cells transiently expressing the human melanocortin-1 (MC1), MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptors. We discovered a novel substance (HS024) that showed about 20-fold selectivity and very high affinity (Ki = 0.29 nm) for the MC4 receptor. HS024 (cyclic[ AcCys3,Nle4,Arg5,d-Nal7,Cys-NH211]α-MSH-(3–11)) has a 29-membered atom ring structure that includes an Arg in position 5. HS024 was found to antagonize an αMSH-induced cAMP response in cells expressing the human MC1, MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptor DNAs. HS024 also caused a dose-dependent increase in food intake, with a maximum response (4-fold increase) at a 1-nmol dose injected intracerebroventricularly in free feeding rats. We also tested SHU9119, a previously described nonselective MC receptor antagonist, and found HS024 and SHU9119 to have similar potencies for increasing food intake, although SHU9119 appeared to induce more serious side-effects. HS024 increased the food intake of free feeding rats to levels comparable to those in food-deprived rats, indicating that blockade of the MC4 receptor is a highly effective way to increase feeding. Moreover, we tested the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of HS024 in elevated plus-maze and open-field experiments on rats. In these tests, HS024 did not appear to affect emotionality or locomotor activity, suggesting that the MC4 receptor does not mediate the anxiogenic-like and locomotor effects related to the melanocortic peptides.
Modulating the properties of flow-assembled chitosan membranes in microfluidics with glutaraldehyde crosslinking (2020)

Flow-assembled chitosan membranes are robust and semipermeable hydrogel structures formed in microfluidic devices that have been used for important applications such as gradient generation and studying cell-cell signaling. One challenge, however, remains unresolved. When a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel with a flow-assembled, deprotonated chitosan membrane (DCM) is treated with anti-adhesion agents such as Pluronic F-127 to prevent biomolecular and cellular adsorption on PDMS, the interaction between DCM and PDMS is compromised and the DCM easily delaminates. To address this challenge, DCMs in microfluidics are crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to modulate their properties, and the altered properties of the glutaraldehyde treated chitosan membrane (GTCM) are investigated. First, the GTCM's acidic resistance was confirmed, its mechanical robustness against hydrostatic pressure was significantly improved, and it remained intact on PDMS after Pluronic treatment. Second, crystallization in DCM and GTCM was investigated with quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM), which revealed that GTCM's optical retardance and anisotropy were lower, implying less molecular alignment than in DCM. Finally, membrane permeability was tested with FITC-labeled dextran transport experiments, which showed that the transport across GTCM was slightly higher than that across DCM. Overall, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan membrane has better acidic resistance, higher strength under Pluronic treatment, and less molecular microalignment, while its semi-permeability is retained. This study demonstrates how glutaraldehyde crosslinking can be used to modify and improve biopolymer membrane properties for broader applications, such as in an acidic environment or when Pluronic passivation is needed.
Development of a Variable-Displacement, Rail-Pressure Supply Pump for Dimethyl Ether (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A variable-displacement, 275-bar dimethyl-ether pump for a common-rail injection system has been developed successfully. The pump is an inlet-throttled, wobble-plate-actuated, multi-plunger system. Results of the pump tests/simulations show that the pump can deliver fuel according to the engine requirement at different speeds due to its variable-displacement feature, which is obtained by controlling the discharge phase angle via the two-phase filling characteristic of the pump. Although the pump is designed for dimethyl ether, its concept is general and thus may be applied to the common-rail systems for other fuels.</div>
EDDL and semantic web &#x2014; From field device integration (FDI) to Future Device Management (FDM) (2013)

Device management comprises the integration of modern devices in both factory and process automation. Thanks to device management, functions and information from the devices can be made available in a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system or Distributed Control System (DCS). Integration of devices is still a challenge to today's device management. FDI is a promising approach for tackling this challenge. On the one hand, this paper addresses improvements in today's device management. On the other hand, an incremental approach from an industrial point of view is shown that allows integrated Future Device Management (FDM) with consideration of vertical and horizontal integration of an automation system.
High repetition rate Q-switched Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber ring laser (2002)

In this paper we present for the first time Q switched Er-doped fibre laser utilising a ring Fabry-Perot cavity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel framework of shot boundary detection for uncompressed videos (2009)

The automatic video shot detection is receiving a great impact with the advances in the digital video technology and ever increasing accessibility of computing results. In this paper we describe a framework for extracting shot detection by using the threshold values of diverse statistical features for raw video frames. Two different types of sports videos viz. soccer and basketball are used for assessment. The approach exploits correlation, maximum histogram difference and running average difference as the classifiers. The results are evaluated by selection of appropriate threshold of these features after training of framework. The winner take-all selection scheme is applied if correlation coefficient and histogram difference features are unable to identify the shot detection. Experimental results on divergent set of test videos reveal the effectiveness of this shot detection approach.
Regulation of Mammalian Gene Expression by Glucose (2000)

Recent data suggest that cells from species as diverse as yeast and mammals may use similar mechanisms to detect changes in nutrient concentration. Here we review recent advances in understanding how glucose regulates gene transcription in mammals.
Helium compressor for GM and pulse-tube expanders (2002)

A new compressor system has been developed for cooling MRI magnets which has more displacement than the present compressor. By increasing the displacement from 2.9 L/s to 5.2 L/s at 60 Hz it is possible to provide more refrigeration at lower temperatures with both GM and Pulse-tube expanders. The 2.9 L/s compressor is a rolling piston type, which is cooled by water circulating through tubes bonded to the outside of the compressor shell. The 5.2 L/s compressor is a scroll type that is cooled by circulating oil to an external heat exchanger. One of the key features of the design is an oil removal system that enables the adsorber replacement interval to be increased to 5 years. A diagnostic module is incorporated in the control circuit to alert the user to an abnormal condition and show the reason for a shut down if it occurs. This paper describes essential design features and the extensive testing that has been done to characterize the compressor over a wide range of operating conditions including extremes that it might experience.
Purification and identification of rice bran oil fatty acid steryl and wax esters (2006)

Abstract Fatty acid steryl esters (FASE) and wax esters (WE) of rice bran oil (RBO) have potential applications in cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical formulations. FASE and WE were extracted from RBO by a modified Soxhlet extraction using hexane as the solvent. FASE and WE were then separated by storage in acetone at 10°C for 24 h. The FASE fraction was further purified by silica, gel column chromatography. The contents and compositions of FASE and WE, as well as their saponified products, were identified by GC and GC‐MS. The identification of FASE and WE was carried out by comparing the retention time of GC peaks and mass spectral analysis with standards synthesized in our laboratory. FASE and WE accounted for ca. 4.0% of crude RBO, of which 2.8–3.2% and 1.2–1.4% are FASE and WE, respectively. GC‐MS of FASE showed five major peaks. Major FA in the FASE fraction were linoleic acid and oleic acid, which were esterified with 4‐desmethyl, 4‐monomethyl, and 4,4‐dimethyl sterols. The contents of 4‐desmethylsterol, 4‐monomethylsterol, and 4,4‐dimethylsterol esters in crude RBO were 76.1, 8.7, and 15.1%, respectively. WE of RBO consisted of both even and odd carbon numbers ranging from C 44 to C 64 . The major constituents were, saturated esters of C 22 and C 24 FA and C 24 to C 40 aliphatic alcohols, with C 24 and C 30 being the predominant FA and fatty alcohol, respectively. The advantages of using a modified Soxhlet extraction over column chromatography are less solvent usage and larger sample size per batch with shorter operation time.
Design of Compliant Thermal Actuators Using Structural Optimization Based on the Level Set Method (2008)

Compliant mechanisms are a new type of mechanism, designed to be flexible to achieve a specified motion as a mechanism. Such mechanisms can function as compliant thermal actuators in Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) by intentionally designing configurations that exploit thermal expansion effects in elastic material when appropriate portions of the mechanism structure are heated. This paper presents a new structural optimization method for the design of compliant thermal actuators based on the level set method and the Finite Element Method (FEM). First, an optimization problem is formulated that addresses the design of compliant thermal actuators considering the magnitude of the displacement at the output location. Next, the topological derivatives that are used when introducing holes during the optimization process are derived. Based on the optimization formulation and the level set method, a new structural optimization algorithm is constructed that employs the FEM when solving the equilibrium equations and updating the level set function. The re-initialization of the level set function is performed using a newly developed geometry-based re-initialization scheme. Finally, several design examples are provided to confirm the usefulness of the proposed structural optimization method.