gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive forwarding of persistent interests in named data networking (2017)

Persistent Interests (PIs) are a promising approach to introduce push-type traffic in Named Data Networking (NDN), in particular for conversational services such as voice and video calls. Forwarding decisions for PIs are crucial in NDN because they establish a long-lived path for the data flowing back toward the PI issuer. In the course of studying the use of PIs in NDN, we investigate adaptive PI forwarding and present a strategy combining regular NDN forwarding information and results from probing potential alternative paths through the network. Simulation results indicate that our adaptive PI forwarding approach is superior to the PI-adapted Best Route strategy when network conditions change due to link failures.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Anti‐Elastin Antibodies and Elastin Turnover in Normal Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (2009)

Elastin degradation is decreased during normal pregnancy. Increased anti-elastin IgG antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of pregnancy losses.
Space-bandwidth scaling for wide field-of-view imaging (2012)

We examine the space-bandwidth product of wide field-of-view imaging systems as the systems scale in size. Our analysis is based on one conducted to examine the behavior of a plano-convex lens imaging onto a flat focal geometry. We extend this to consider systems with monocentric lenses and curved focal geometries. As a means to understand system cost, and not just performance, we also assess the volume and mass associated with these systems. Our analysis indicates monocentric lenses imaging onto a curved detector outperform other systems for the same design constraints but do so at a cost in lens weight.
Point Mutagenesis of Positively Charged Amino Acids of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein: Conserved Residues within the Lipid Transfer/Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Gene Family Essential for Function (1995)

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) binds to plasma lipoproteins and transfers neutral lipids between them. Previous studies showed that lipoprotein binding involves ionic interactions between CETP and lipoproteins, with increased binding of CETP to lipoproteins carrying increased negative charge. In order to understand the molecular determinants of lipoprotein binding in CETP, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out on positively charged amino acids within and outside regions of conserved sequence in the putative family of lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins (LT/LBP). Within the conserved regions, two mutant proteins, K233A and R259D, were well secreted by the transfected cells but showed markedly reduced cholesteryl ester transfer activity. Separating the bound from free CETP by gel filtration after incubation with HDL, HDL binding by K233A was found to be impaired, suggesting that the binding deficiency of the mutant may be responsible for decreased transfer activity. Kinetic analysis showed a marked increase in the apparent Km but no change in Vmax, consistent with a lipoprotein binding defect. Thus, within CETP, K233 and R259 play an essential role in cholesteryl ester transfer activity probably by mediating binding of CETP to lipoproteins. Sequence alignment of CETP, phospholipid transfer protein, LPS binding protein, and bactericidal permeability-inducing protein showed that K223 and R259 were strictly conserved as positively charged amino acids, suggesting a common function within the LT/LBP gene family.
Intelligent transport systems and the modelling of driver information systems. (2002)

This report reviews the basic measures of ITS and describes the modelling of the Driver Information System (DIS) in detail. ITS measures can be car-based or transit-based. For each ITS measure, the current technology and the future development are analysed.
Differential Early Interactions between<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhi and Two Other Pathogenic<i>Salmonella</i>Serovars with Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1998)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (hereafter referred to as S. typhi) is a host-restricted pathogen that adheres to and invades the distal ileum and subsequently disseminates to cause typhoid fever in humans. However, S. typhi appears to be avirulent in small animals. In contrast, other pathogenic salmonellae, such as S. enterica serovars Typhimurium and Dublin (S. typhimurium and S. dublin, respectively), typically cause localized gastroenteritis in humans but have been used as models for typhoid fever because these organisms cause a disease in susceptible rodents that resembles human typhoid. In vivo, S. typhi has been demonstrated to attach to and invade murine M cells but is rapidly cleared from the Peyer's patches without destruction of the M cells. In contrast, invasion of M cells by S. typhimurium is accompanied by destruction of these M cells and subsequently sloughing of the epithelium. These data have furthered our view that the early steps in the pathogenesis of typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars are distinct. To extend this concept, we have utilized an in vitro model to evaluate three parameters of initial host-pathogen interactions: adherence of three Salmonella serovars to human and murine small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines, the capacity of these salmonellae to invade IECs, and the ability of the bacteria to induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) in these cell lines as a measure of host cell activation and the host acute-phase response. The results demonstrate that S. typhi adheres to and invades human small IECs better than either S. typhimurium or S. dublin. Interestingly, invA and invE null mutants of S. typhi are able neither to adhere to nor to invade IECs, unlike S. typhimurium invA and invE mutants, which adhere to but cannot invade IECs. S. typhi also induces significantly greater quantities of IL-6 in human small IEC lines than either of the other two Salmonella serovars. These findings suggest that differential host cytokine responses to bacterial pathogens may play an important role in the pathological sequelae that follow infection. Importantly, S. typhimurium did not induce IL-6 in murine IECs. Since S. typhimurium infection in mice is often used as a model of typhoid fever, these findings suggest that, at least in this case, the mouse model does not reflect the human disease. Taken together, our studies indicate that (i) marked differences occur in the initial steps of S. typhi, S. typhimurium, and S. dublin pathogenesis, and (ii) conclusions about S. typhi pathogenesis that have been drawn from the mouse model of typhoid fever should be interpreted conservatively.
Librarian Actions to Develop and Sustain Human Research Subject Protection: A Pilot Global Study (2015)

The Institutional Review Board (IRB), also known as an Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), is the most widely adopted process to insure human participant protection. The IRB system is overburdened as human research studies and human participation has dramatically increased without a corresponding increase in reviewing clinicians or ethics staff. Librarian involvement in the IRB process is evident but uneven and unstudied on an international scale. A literature review and international survey attempted to provide professional practice context and librarian reflection on the extent of their involvement, roles, and responsibilities in the IRB or IEC institutional process. Survey results reveal that some librarians in countries with mature health systems are proactive and involved in the IRB process, and their information skills have been useful to their institutions. Some librarians collaborate effectively at their institutional level, and they perceive their efforts to insure human protections are valued. More effort is needed to project librarian research skills to health professionals submitting studies through an IRB or IEC in less mature health care systems. The universal need for ethical human research subject protection could form the foundation for new paradigms of local, regional, national and international cooperation, both within the library community and with health profession groups and regulatory agencies.
Neural inhibition of inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (2003)

The innate immune system is activated by infection and injury to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which activate macrophages and neutrophils and modulate specific cellular responses. The magnitude of the cytokine response is critical, because a deficient response may result in secondary infections, while an excessive response may be more injurious than the original insult. We recently described a neural pathway, termed the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway", that reflexively monitors and adjusts the inflammatory response by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Efferent signals in the vagus nerve provide a direct mechanism for neural regulation of the immune response that is rapid, localized, and integrated. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits the release of TNF, HMGB1, and other cytokines, and protects against endotoxemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This newly identified physiological mechanism of maintaining immunological homeostasis suggests that novel therapeutics may effectively modulate inflammatory responses by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Targeting Ornithine Decarboxylase by α-Difluoromethylornithine Inhibits Tumor Growth by Impairing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2015)

α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is currently used in chemopreventive regimens primarily for its conventional direct anticarcinogenesic activity. However, little is known about the effect of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibition by DFMO on antitumor immune responses. We showed in this study that pharmacologic blockade of ODC by DFMO inhibited tumor growth in intact immunocompetent mice, but abrogated in the immunodeficient Rag1(-/-) mice, suggesting that antitumor effect of DFMO is dependent on the induction of adaptive antitumor T cell immune responses. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells impeded the tumor-inhibiting advantage of DFMO. Moreover, DFMO treatment enhanced antitumor CD8(+) T cell infiltration and IFN-γ production and augmented the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy. Importantly, DFMO impaired Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppressive activity through at least two mechanisms, including reducing arginase expression and activity and inhibiting the CD39/CD73-mediated pathway. MDSCs were one primary cellular target of DFMO as indicated by both adoptive transfer and MDSC-depletion analyses. Our findings establish a new role of ODC inhibition by DFMO as a viable and effective immunological adjunct in effective cancer treatment, thereby adding to the growing list of chemoimmunotherapeutic applications of these agents.
Military networking technology applied to location-based, theme park and home entertainment systems (1994)

Theme parks and location-based entertainment (LBE) systems are evolving away from scripted scenario, movie-based motion rides, and towards computer image-generated, interactive experiences. Though the passive ride attractions will not be displaced entirely, a new breed of smaller, distributed, multi-player pods, running networked, real-time simulations of virtual worlds, will attract customers desiring more interactivity. Some of these systems are presently in use, such as BattleTech&trade;, Virtuality&trade;, Fightertown&trade;, etc.These systems are weak in several areas, including large-scale networking. Typically, these systems can network up to four nodes on a local area network (LAN). The next generation of these systems will likely use cutting edge networking technology developed by the military, specifically distributed interactive simulation (DIS) technology. DIS allows thousands of participants to be networked via LANs and long-haul networks (LHN). Theme park attractions with dozens of pods networked to each other, and in turn networked to similar facilities at other locations, are easily attainable with today's technology.
Polymer‐drug conjugates: Manipulation of drug delivery kinetics (1997)

Abstract Three methods of manipulating the kinetics of hydrolysis of polymer conjugates were evaluated. It was demonstrated that either first‐order, zero‐order or S‐shaped kinetic profiles could be achieved by systematic changes in the chemical composition of several series of model side‐chain substituted polyacrylates. The changes in kinetics were shown to arise from an increase in the rate constant during solvolysis, resulting from predictable changes in either the water content, secondary structure, or LCST of the polymer conjugate.
Germinal centers and autoimmune disease in humans and mice (2016)

Antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Although the mechanisms underlying the antibody response to infection or vaccination are reasonably well understood, we still have a poor understanding of the nature of autoimmune antibody responses. The most well studied are the anti-nuclear antibody responses characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus and studies over the past decade or so have demonstrated a critical role for signaling by TLR7 and/or TLR9 in B cells to promote these responses. These Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can promote T-cell-independent extrafollicular antibody responses with a heavy-chain class switch and a low degree of somatic mutation, but they can also strongly boost the germinal center response that gives rise to high-affinity antibodies and long-lived plasma cells. TLRs have been shown to enhance affinity maturation in germinal center responses to produce high-affinity neutralizing antibodies in several virus infection models of mice. Although more data are needed, it appears that anti-nuclear antibodies in mouse models of lupus and in lupus patients can be generated by either pathway, provided there are genetic susceptibility alleles that compromise B-cell tolerance at one or another stage. Limited data in other autoimmune diseases suggest that the germinal center response may be the predominant pathway leading to autoantibodies in those diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms of autoantibody production may ultimately be helpful in the development of targeted therapeutics for lupus or other autoimmune diseases.
Antigen Presentation Capacity and Cytokine Production by Murine Splenic Dendritic Cell Subsets upon <i>Salmonella</i> Encounter (2002)

Salmonella typhimurium is an intracellular bacterium that replicates in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of orally infected mice. However, little is known about the Ag presentation and cytokine production capacity of dendritic cells (DC), particularly CD8alpha(+), CD8alpha(-)CD4(-), and CD8alpha(-)CD4(+) DC, from these organs in response to Salmonella. Infection of purified splenic DC with S. typhimiurium expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and OVA revealed that all three splenic DC subsets internalize bacteria, and splenic as well as MLN DC process Salmonella for peptide presentation. Furthermore, presentation of Salmonella Ags on MHC-I and MHC-II was evident in both CD8alpha(+) and CD8alpha(-) splenic DC subsets. Direct ex vivo analysis of splenic DC from mice infected with GFP-expressing Salmonella showed that all three subsets harbored bacteria, and splenic DC purified from mice given Salmonella-expressing OVA presented OVA-derived peptides on MHC-I and MHC-II. Cytokine production analyzed by intracellular staining of splenic DC infected with GFP-expressing Salmonella revealed that TNF-alpha was produced by a large percentage of CD8alpha(-) DC, while only a minor proportion of CD8alpha(+) DC produced this cytokine following bacterial exposure. In contrast, the greatest number of IL-12p40-producing DC were among CD8alpha(+) DC. Experiments inhibiting bacterial uptake by cytochalasin D as well as use of a Transwell system revealed that bacterial contact, but not internalization, was required for cytokine production. Thus, DC in sites of Salmonella replication and T cell activation, spleen and MLN, respond to bacterial encounter by Ag presentation and produce cytokines in a subset-specific fashion.
REVIEWS (1986)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Natural History Prose Writings of John Clare. Edited by MARGARET GRAINGER. Pp. lxii+398. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983. £35 net. APRIL LONDON APRIL LONDON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXXVII, Issue 145, February 1986, Pages 108–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXVII.145.108 Published: 01 February 1986
Control of optical properties of TiN_xO_y films and application for high performance solar selective absorbing coatings (2014)

TiNxOy films with controllable optical properties have been fabricated by reactive mid-frequency magnetron sputtering from titanium nitride target. The optical and electrical properties were studied as a function of the reactive gas flow and were correlated with the film stoichiometry. The results showed that the behavior of TiNxOy films can be adjusted from metallic to dielectric by increasing oxygen content, which is of great significance to their extensive applications. Owing to the accurate control of optical properties, a TiNxOy based solar selective absorbing coating has been designed and prepared with the aid of TiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 antireflection layers. Its solar absorbance is as high as 97.5% and thermal emissivity is 4.3% with total thickness of 230 nm. The solar absorbance can maintain above 90% for a broad incident angle range from 0° to 65°.
PLZT Matrix-Type Block Data Composers (1974)

The characteristics of PLZT matrix-type block data composers operated in the strain-biased, scattering, differential phase and edge-effect modes are described, and a comparison is given of these four modes of operation.
A Janus-paper PDMS platform for air–liquid interface cell culture applications (2015)

© 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd. A commercially available Janus paper with one hydrophobic (polyethylene-coated) face and a hygroscopic/hydrophilic one is irreversibly bonded to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate incorporating microfluidic channels via corona discharge surface treatment. The bond strength between the polymer-coated side and PDMS is characterized as a function of corona treatment time and annealing temperature/time. A maximum strength of 392 kPa is obtained with a 2 min corona treatment followed by 60 min of annealing at 120 °C. The water contact angle of the corona-treated polymer side decreases with increased discharge duration from 98° to 22°. The hygroscopic/hydrophilic side is seeded with human lung fibroblast cells encapsulated in a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel to show the potential of this technology for nutrient and chemical delivery in an air-liquid interface cell culture.
In‐orbit testing of digital regenerative satellite: The italsat planned test procedures (1987)

Abstract ITALSAT is the Italian pre‐operational satellite, funded by the National Council of Research, to be launched in late 1989. It will carry three payloads, the most innovative and challenging being a multi‐spot regenerative package providing the interconnection among six spots at 147Mb/s with SS TDMA access scheme. In‐orbit tests (IOT) will be performed on this payload in order to verify, to the maximum possible extent, the radioelectric characteristics and the behaviour of the modems and baseband switching equipment. The importance of these measurements is two‐fold: incentive payment schemes can be applied for better‐than‐specified characteristics and the information obtained by the tests will permit gathering the information needed for the establishment to a domestic operational system. The non‐transparent structure limits applicability of many classical RF measurements: the opportunity of adding some on‐board hardware to permit the testing of the most important parameters has been suggested. The design objectives have been to minimize the on‐board additional hardware complexity and to concentrate the test equipments on ground, in the IOT earth‐station. This paper illustrates the planned additional satellite hardware and the test procedures to be implemented for the in orbit testing.
A survey on orthodontic retention procedures in the Netherlands (2009)

The objective of this study was to survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in The Netherlands. A questionnaire was sent to all 279 orthodontists working in The Netherlands. The questionnaire consisted of six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background data on the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention protocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 12.0.1. Tests for the relationship between two items were based on the chi-square test. The overall response rate was 91 per cent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a removable retainer. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. Contraindications for bonded retainers were given by 96 per cent of the orthodontists, with poor oral hygiene being the most commonly mentioned. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 84 per cent of the orthodontists preferred permanent retention. Fifty-nine per cent of the orthodontists believed that a practice guideline for retention after orthodontic treatment needs to be developed, which was confirmed by the varied responses in this survey.
Heat (mass) transfer and film cooling effectiveness with injection through discrete holes. Part II: On the exposed surface (1993)

The heat (mass) transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness are obtained from separate tests using pure air and naphthalene-saturated vapor injected through circular holes into a crossflow of air. The experiments indicate that Sherwood numbers around the injection hole are up to four times those on a flat plate (without injection holes) due to the interaction of the jets and the mainstream. The mass transfer around the injection holes is dominated by formations of horseshoe, side, and kidney vortices, which are generated by the jet and crossflow interaction. For an in-line array of holes, the effectiveness is high and uniform in the streamwise direction but has a large variation in the lateral direction. The key parameters, including transfer coefficients on the back surface (Part 1), inside the hole (Part 1), and on the exposed surfaces, and the effectiveness on the exposed surface, are obtained so that the wall temperature distribution near the injection holes can be determined for a given heat flux condition. This detailed information will also aid the numerical modeling of flow and mass/heat transfer around film cooling holes.
The Human Genome Project: cracking the genetic code of life (1992)

This is a study of genetic mapping. The first six chapters address molecular biology in a historical framework. . . . Mapping and various kinds ofmaps (genetic, physical, sequence) are discussed. . . . (Genetic disease), diagnosis, and therapy, constitute Chapter 8. Chapter 9 outlines the evolution of the sequencing plan as it grew out of a series of conferences. . . . Chapter 10 reviews the questions involving science policy and allocation of available funds among various sectors of the biomedical research establishment. Chapter 11 covers the relationship of genome sequencing to disease, ethical issues, and social implications of genomic knowledge (medical care, employment, and insurance issues). (Choice)