gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The trigeminal system: an advantageous experimental model for studying neuronal development (1988)

The trigeminal system is a well-characterized sensory system that has been studied extensively in mammals and birds. The clear definition and easy accessibility of the components of this system throughout development have facilitated investigation of several fundamental aspects of neural development. This has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanism of axonal guidance, the physiology of neurotrophic factors and the establishment and refinement of neural connections. The first convincing evidence for axonal guidance by chemotropism has been obtained. The site and timing of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and NGF receptor expression have been elucidated, thereby clarifying the role of this neurotrophic factor in development. A novel concept in neurotrophic factor physiology has emerged: the survival of neurones that innervate two separate target fields is regulated by two different neurotrophic factors derived from the respective target fields. The development of somatotopic maps of the periphery in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on spatial information provided by the periphery. The transfer of this information from the periphery to the CNS is not simply achieved by the ordered growth and arrangement of the intervening sensory nerve fibres.
Fermented milk containing <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i> DN‐173 010 improved self‐reported digestive comfort amongst a general population of adults. A randomized, open‐label, controlled, pilot study (2009)

This pilot study shows that daily consumption of a probiotic food in real-life conditions may be useful in improving digestive comfort and symptom experience of adults from general population. Further double-blind randomized controlled studies are required to confirm these health benefits.
XenoTrust: event-based distributed trust management (2004)

This paper describes XenoTrust, the trust management architecture used in the XenoServer Open Platform: a public infrastructure for wide-area computing, capable of hosting tasks that span the full spectrum of distributed paradigms. We suggest that using an event-based publish /subscribe methodology for the storage, retrieval and aggregation of reputation information can help exploiting asynchrony and simplicity, as well as improving scalability.
Securing ARP/NDP From the Ground Up (2017)

The basis for all IPv4 network communication is the address resolution protocol (ARP), which maps an IP address to a device's media access control identifier. ARP has long been recognized as vulnerable to spoofing and other attacks, and past proposals to secure the protocol have often involved in modifying the basic protocol. Similarly, neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) is the basis for all IPv6 network communication, yet suffers from the same vulnerabilities as ARP. This paper introduces arpsec, a secure ARP/RARP protocol suite which does not require protocol modification, enables continual verification of the identity of the target (respondent) machine by introducing an address binding repository derived using a formal logic that bases additions to a host's ARP cache on a set of operational rules and properties, utilizes the trusted platform module (TPM), a commodity component now present in the vast majority of modern computers, to augment the logic-prover-derived assurance when needed, with TPM-facilitated attestations of system state achieved at viably low-processing cost, and supports IPv6 NDP (ndpsec) by extension of our previous work. Using commodity TPMs as our attestation base, we show that arpsec incurs an overhead ranging from 7% to 15.4% over the standard Linux ARP implementation, a comparable overhead against the standard Linux NDP implementation, and provides a first step towards a formally secure and trustworthy networking stack for both IPv4 and IPv6.
Conductivity Induced by Electron Bombardment in Thin Insulating Films (1949)

When thin films of insulating material are bombarded by high velocity electron beams that can penetrate through the thickness of the film, steady currents can be obtained that are as much as 100 times that in the bombarding beam. These currents vary with the gradient across the film and are proportional to the fraction of the beam energy absorbed in the film. Typical data obtained with amorphous silica are presented, together with a description of the experimental procedures that were used.
Predicting Personality Traits with Instagram Pictures (2015)

Instagram is a popular social networking application, which allows photo-sharing and applying different photo filters to adjust the appearance of a picture. By applying photo filters, users are able to create a style that they want to express to their audience. In this study we tried to infer personality traits from the way users take pictures and apply filters to them. To investigate this relationship, we conducted an online survey where we asked participants to fill in a personality questionnaire, and grant us access to their Instagram account through the Instagram API. Among 113 participants and 22,398 extracted Instagram pictures, we found distinct picture features (e.g., hue, brightness, saturation) that are related to personality traits. Our findings suggest a relationship between personality traits and the way users want to make their pictures look. This allow for new ways to extract personality traits from social media trails, and new ways to facilitate personalized systems.
Increased risk of iodine deficiency with vegetarian nutrition (1999)

Observational studies primarily based on diet questionnaires or food records have reported that vegetarians can have a very low I intake. However, analytically ascertained data on the possible degree of I deficiency with this form of diet is lacking. Six healthy adult volunteers participated in the present controlled experimental diet study carried out in four separate 5 d diet periods. The study diets, normal, protein-rich, lactovegetarian, and repeat of the initial normal diet, were almost isoenergetic and contained no fish, sea food, iodized salt or processed foods fortified with I. During the last 48 h of each diet period two 24 h urine samples were obtained from each subject. I analyses were performed in the urine samples and in representative samples taken from all ingested diets. Urinary I excretion was significantly lower with the lactovegetarian diet (36.6 (SD 8.8) micrograms/d) than with the normal and the protein-rich diets (50.2 (SD 14.0) and 61.0 (SD 8.0) micrograms/d respectively). Accordingly, a markedly reduced I intake was confirmed analytically for the lactovegetarian diet (15.6 micrograms/d v. 35.2 and 44.5 micrograms/d respectively). Our results provide experimental confirmation of literature findings indicating that I supply is higher with non-vegetarian than with vegetarian diets. Specifically, the extremely low intake and urinary output of I as analytically determined for one exemplary vegetarian diet, demonstrate that dietary I may be limiting when strict forms of vegetarian dietary practices (no iodized salt, no I supplements) are followed. The present study is, therefore, the first diet-experiment-based pointer to the potential danger of I deficiency disorders due to strict forms of vegetarian nutrition, especially when fruits and vegetables grown in soils with low I levels are ingested.
RF Induction Plasma Synthesized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles (2006)

It was a normal phenomena that hydroxyapatite (HA) decomposes into tricalcium phosphate (TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), calcium oxide (CaO) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) during the plasma processing step. The present study characterized the phase evolution of calcium phosphates (CaPs) in the nanoparticles synthesized using a radio frequency (RF) induction plasma processing technique. The morphology and microstructure of the CaP nanoparticles were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. It was found that ACP, α-TCP, TTCP and CaO were the main decomposed phases in the nanoparticle. After heat treatment at dicalcium pyrophosphate (β-Ca2P2O7) due to the extreme decomposition of the starting HA during the RF plasma processing step which rapidly solidified into amorphous phase.
Structural Change in the U.S. Food Manufacturing Sector (2006)

This study examines the market structure-conduct-performance relationship for 48 four-digit SIC Food and Tobacco Processing Industries during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The simultaneous-equation analyses are used to explore the relationship among price-cost margin (PCM), market concentration, advertising outlay, and various control variables. With an intertemporal setting, our findings provide evidence of structural changes over time in the U.S. food manufacturing sector and support some of the conventional SCP wisdoms, but challenge others.
Cardiac depression and cellular injury in hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion: role of free radicals. (1997)

We investigated the effect of hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion on the cardiac function and contractility, plasma CK and CK-MB activity and lactate concentration, oxyradical-producing activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL-CL), cardiac chemiluminescence (LV-CL), antioxidant enzyme activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)] and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in anesthetized dogs to determine the role of oxyradicals in cardiac depression and cellular injury in hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion. The dogs were assigned into three groups: I (sham), 4 h duration; II (S + R), 2 h of shock followed by reinfusion for 2 h; III (SOD + S + R), as II but pretreated with PEG-SOD. Hemorrhagic shock was produced by withdrawal of blood to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 50 +/- 5 mm Hg. Cardiac function and contractility were depressed during hemorrhagic shock. Plasma CK, CK-MB and lactate increased during shock. Following reinfusion after 2 h of shock hemodynamic parameters and plasma lactate tended to return towards control values. Plasma CK and CK-MB, PMNL-CL and cardiac MDA, total-, Mn- and CuZn-SOD activity increased while LV-CL decreased. In spite of the increase in the antioxidant reserve, there was oxidative damage. Pretreatment with SOD attenuated the deleterious effects of shock and reinfusion on the cardiovascular function, plasma CK, and CK-MB, PMNL-CL, cardiac MDA, SOD, and LV-CL. Protection was incomplete for cardiovascular function and plasma CK and CK-MB. These results suggest that oxyradicals may partly be involved in the deterioration of cardiovascular function and cellular injury during hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion.
Synthesis and photochemistry of side‐chain liquid crystal polymers based on cinnamate esters (1992)

Abstract The syntheses of three methacrylate monomers with cinnamate ester side‐chains and of a further monomer with a corresponding cinnamide side‐chain are described. Two of the monomers, with isomeric structures, were thermotropic liquid crystals. Although the clearing points were very similar the crystal melting points differed by 8°C. One compound also exhibited a monotropic smectic phase, behavior not shown by its isomer. The other two monomers were not liquid crystalline. The monomers were polymerized by free radical polymerization, both as homopolymers and as copolymers with methyl methacrylate. In the case of one of the mesogenic ester monomers, copolymers with a cyanophenyl benzoate monomer were also prepared. Three of the four monomers formed thermotropic liquid crystalline homopolymers and the copolymers with the benzoate monomer were also liquid crystalline. The monomers were considered as photoactive components of polymeric liquid crystals. As a preliminary investigation of their photochemistry, copolymers with methyl methacrylate were prepared and irradiated in solution with a broad‐band source. Under these conditions two of the materials show a facile photo‐Fries rearrangement of the aryl cinnamate ester group. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ATP Depletion Assay Led to the Isolation of New 36-Membered Polyol Macrolides Deplelides A and B from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. MM581-NF15 (2017)

New 36-membered polyol macrolides deplelides A and B were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces MM581-NF15 by bioassay-guided fractionation using an ATP depletion assay. The planar structures of these novel compounds were identified by interpretation of the spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR, MS, and IR). The relative stereochemistry was partially established using the universal NMR database method and J-based configuration analysis using <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H and long-range <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C coupling constants determined by <sup>1</sup>H NMR or E.COSY and J-resolved HMBC analysis or another HMBC-based technique, respectively. The absolute stereochemistry was partially determined by a modified Mosher's method. These new compounds displayed highly potent ATP depletion activities (IC<sub>50</sub> 33 nM) and antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines, such as HGC-27 (IC<sub>50</sub> 47 nM).
Electrical and optical properties of NiO films deposited by magnetron sputtering (2011)

Orthognathic model surgery is a classical technique used to simulate orthognathic surgical cases. However, a detailed analysis of this technique demonstrates that theoretical errors and inaccuracies can occur in routine practice. 2D and 3D cephalometric analysis is the first source of inaccuracies. Then, during the occlusal plane transfer from the patient to the semi-adjustable dental articulator, errors can occur by inaccurate manipulation of the facial bow. Simulating the operation on the plaster cast is difficult due to the lack of a real link between the cephalometric analysis and the model surgery. Rotation and translation movements of the plaster casts are insufficiently controlled during the model surgery stage. Finally, the splint, which transfers the final relative position of maxilla to the mandible, summates all of the errors of the previous stages.
Surface doping of La ions into ZnO nanocrystals to lower the optimal working temperature for HCHO sensing properties (2015)

Lowering the working temperature without sacrificing other good gas-sensing properties is of particular interest to gas sensors for an excellent performance. In this work, La surface doped ZnO nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a facile thermal treatment with lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3) solution injected into ZnO thick films, which exhibited a remarkable decrease in the optimal working temperature for formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing properties. This was probably attributed to the formation of surface LaZn defects in the ZnO nanocrystals which was evidenced by XRD, XPS results and DFT calculations. The surface LaZn defects can introduce a shallower donor level than oxygen vacancies, and probably facilitate the charge transfer from oxygen species to ZnO for producing chemisorbed oxygen species more easily. This was in good agreement with the DFT results that the absorption energy of oxygen molecules on the surface of La doped ZnO was only -10.61 eV, much lower than that of pure ZnO. Moreover, the optimal working temperature of the La doped ZnO based sensor was significantly decreased from 350 to 250 °C without sacrificing the high and quick response to HCHO gas as the content of surface LaZn defects was increased gradually. Therefore, the behavior of the surface LaZn defects in the optimal working temperature revealed a HCHO response mechanism in ZnO, which can provide new insights into the enhanced HCHO sensing performance of gas sensors.
Design of hybrid-coupled multiplexers and diplexers using asymmetrical superconducting filters (2002)

The feasibility of building high-temperature superconducting (HTS) hybrid-coupled multiplexers and diplexers employing filters with asymmetrical frequency characteristics is demonstrated. The design of pseudo-interdigital filters with improved skirt performance is discussed. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for superconducting filters, hybrids, and a fully integrated C-band diplexer. It is noted that the extra coupling which exists between nonadjacent resonators in pseudo-interdigital filters may be used to improve the rejection performance on the high-frequency skirt. Filters with such rejection performance are suitable for use in the design of HTS hybrid-coupled multiplexers and diplexers. The experimental results reported here for superconducting filters, hybrids and the fully integrated C-band diplexer demonstrate the possibility of building such components with no tuning elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compliant cantilevered spring interconnects for flip-chip packaging (2002)

A new highly-compliant cantilevered spring interconnect is being developed to enable a fine-pitch, high density I/O architecture for the next generation chip and probing technology. This technology meets the requirements of National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (NTRS) for 2012 and beyond. Based on its unique structure, a new contact mode - sliding contact with no solder is being tested. To understand the reliability of the package with this novel compliant spring interconnect structure and the typical behavior of the sliding contact, test vehicles with different orientations of the cantilevered springs (21 /spl mu/m pitch) have been fabricated, assembled and subjected to thermal cycling test. In-situ resistance and temperature measurements have been conducted. Material characterization of underfill has also been conducted.
Wind Speed and Wind Power Forecasting using Statistical Models: AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) (2012)

Wind power, i.e., electrical energy produced making use of the wind resource, is being nowadays constantly connected to the electrical system. This has a non-negligible impact, raising issues like network stability and security of the supply. An accurate forecast of the available wind energy for the forthcoming hours is crucial, so that proper planning and scheduling of the conventional generation units can be performed. Also, with the liberalization of the electrical markets worldwide, the wind power forecasting reveals itself critical to assure that the bids are placed with a minimum possible risk. This work addresses the issue of forecasting wind power with two statistical models, the Autoregressive Moving Average and Artificial Neural Networks. The basic theory and the respective application of these models to perform wind power prediction are presented. Furthermore, their forecasting ability is compared in three different case studies. At the end, some conclusions are drawn about the performance of both models regarding its forecasting capabilities when compared with reference models.
Development and Optimization of a Novel 384-Well Anti-Malarial Imaging Assay Validated for High-Throughput Screening (2012)

With the increasing occurrence of drug resistance in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, there is a great need for new and novel anti-malarial drugs. We have developed a 384-well, high-throughput imaging assay for the detection of new anti-malarial compounds, which was initially validated by screening a marine natural product library, and subsequently used to screen more than 3 million data points from a variety of compound sources. Founded on another fluorescence-based P. falciparum growth inhibition assay, the DNA-intercalating dye 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, was used to monitor changes in parasite number. Fluorescent images were acquired on the PerkinElmer Opera High Throughput confocal imaging system and analyzed with a spot detection algorithm using the Acapella data processing software. Further optimization of this assay sought to increase throughput, assay stability, and compatibility with our high-throughput screening equipment platforms. The assay typically yielded Z'-factor values of 0.5-0.6, with signal-to-noise ratios of 12.
Intracranial Pressure and Auditory Evoked Responses of the Cat (1986)

Auditory evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from the primary cortex, medial geniculate body (MG), inferior colliculus (IC) and cochlear nucleus (CN) of the cat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone to examine the effects of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) on neural activity in the different levels of auditory centres. ICP was increased by injecting saline solution into the intracranial space and a tone burst was used for activating the auditory centres. Cortical response (ACR) began to decrease in amplitude from about 30-40 mmHg of ICP. A decrease in amplitude of MG response and that of IC response followed in the order with a further increase in ICP. CN response was most resistant and usually remained even when ACR and MG responses were totally abolished. Recovery of the AERs followed a release of the increased pressure in the reversed order to the decrease in the AERs. When an increase was repeated with a short interval of pressure release such as 5 to 10 min, recovery of ACR became much slower and no recovery was sometimes observed 30-60 min after the release of ICP increased to a level below 100 mmHg. A discussion was conducted on the origin of the changes in AERs in response to increased ICP. We concluded from the results that the higher auditory centres are more susceptible to an increase in ICP to suppress the neural activities without apparent influence on the lower centres. A clinical test of ABR may be available to predict the prognosis of the auditory disorders.
Transformation of a laser beam intensity profile by a deformable mirror (1996)

We developed a deformable mirror with nine actuators for transformation of a laser beam intensity profile. A circular-cross-section Gaussian beam was successfully transformed into a rectangular-cross-section beam by the deformable mirror with conservation of spatial coherency.
Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition (2016)

Chemoresistance leading to disease relapse is one of the major challenges to improve outcome in head and neck cancers. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are increasingly being implicated in chemotherapy resistance, this study investigates the correlation between CSC behavior and acquired drug resistance in in vitro cell line models. Cell lines resistant to Cisplatin (Cal‐27 CisR, Hep‐2 CisR) and 5FU (Cal‐27 5FUR) with high Resistance Indices (RI) were generated (RI ≥ 3) by short‐term treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, 5FU), using a dose‐incremental strategy. The cell lines (Cal‐27 DoxR, Hep‐2 DoxR, Hep‐2 5FUR) that showed low RI, nevertheless had a high cross resistance to Cisplatin/5FU ( P < 0.05). Cal‐27 CisR and DoxR showed 12–14% enrichment of CD44+ cells, while CisR/5FUR showed 4–6% increase in ALDH1A1+ cells as compared to parental cells ( P < 0.05). Increased expression of stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, NOTCH1, ALDH1A1, OCT4, SOX2) in these cell lines, correlated with enhanced spheroid/colony formation, migratory potential, and increased in vivo tumor burden ( P < 0.05). Inhibition of ALDH1A1 in Cal‐27 CisR led to down regulation of the CSC markers, reduction in migratory, self‐renewal and tumorigenic potential ( P < 0.05) accompanied by an induction of sensitivity to Cisplatin ( P < 0.05). Further, ex vivo treatment of explants ( n = 4) from HNSCC patients with the inhibitor (NCT‐501) in combination with Cisplatin showed a significant decrease in proliferating cells as compared to individual treatment ( P = 0.001). This study hence suggests an ALDH1A1‐driven, CSC‐mediated mechanism in acquired drug resistance of HNSCC, which may have therapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.