gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bound Water in Silica Gel (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBound Water in Silica GelI. Shapiro and H. G. WeissCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1953, 57, 2, 219–221Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150503a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j150503a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
6,835,216 - Chain-breaking antioxidants (2004)

Compounds, preferably 5-pyrimidinol and 3-pyridinol derivatives, that act as effective chain breaking antioxidants of both the lipid and water-soluble variety (analogous to the natural Vitamins E and C), many of which are more reactive toward peroxyl radicals than the most potent form of Vitamin E. These compounds may exhibit many chemopreventive effects associated with conditions in which free radical-mediated cellular damage or disruption is implicated and Vitamins E and C are shown to have protective effects. Additionally, these compounds should be excellent oxidation inhibitors as additives to fuels, lubricants, rubber, polymers, chemicals, solvents and foodstuffs.
Investigation on the efficiency of thermal relief shapes on different Printed Circuit Boards (2010)

As known, thermal relief is a technique used to separate soldering pads or plated through-hole vias from large copper planes in order to reduce soldering dwell time by providing thermal resistance during the process, thus minimizing the heat transfer to the plane. However, during normal operation, the same thermal resistance limits the heat transfer for power component dissipation. The narrower the thermal pad, the greater temperature increasing during power dissipation. Hence, the dimensions of the thermal pads are critical. The work presents the results of a practical approach not for a hole via or a pad for an ordinarily component connected to a large copper area, but a medium power Surface Mounting Device, SMD, using the Printed Circuit Board, PCB, as heat sink. There are taken into consideration different thermal pads and there are investigated by temperature measurements with thermocouples and thermovision. The variables are the thermal pad dimensions, the area of the radiant surface, the base material of PCB, and the reflow soldering process. It is analyzed the effect of the thermal pad versus the temperature on the soldering pad and beyond the thermal pad and on the case of the device during reflow soldering process and during operation.
A Sustainable Multicomponent Pyrimidine Synthesis (2015)

Since alcohols are accessible from indigestible biomass (lignocellulose), the development of novel preferentially catalytic reactions in which alcohols are converted into important classes of fine chemicals is a central topic of sustainable synthesis. Multicomponent reactions are especially attractive in organic chemistry as they allow the synthesis of large libraries of diversely functionalized products in a short time when run in a combinatorial fashion. Herein, we report a novel, regioselective, iridium-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of pyrimidines from amidines and up to three (different) alcohols. This reaction proceeds via a sequence of condensation and dehydrogenation steps which give rise to selective C-C and C-N bond formations. While the condensation steps deoxygenate the alcohol components, the dehydrogenations lead to aromatization. Two equiv of hydrogen and water are liberated in the course of the reactions. PN5P-Ir-pincer complexes, recently developed in our laboratory, catalyze this sustainable multicomponent process most efficiently. A total of 38 different pyrimidines were synthesized in isolated yields of up to 93%. Strong points of the new protocol are its regioselectivity and thus the immediate access to pyrimidines that are highly and unsymmetrically decorated with alkyl or aryl substituents. The combination of this novel protocol with established methods for converting alcohols to nitriles now allows to selectively assemble pyrimidines from four alcohol building blocks and 2 equiv of ammonia.
Genetic and Environmental Correlations Between Bone Mineral Density and Bone Size in Caucasians (2007)

To explore the magnitude of common genetic and environmental effects shared by bone mineral density (BMD) and bone size (BS) in a large sample of 4,489 subjects (2,667 females and 1,822 males) from 582 Caucasian pedigrees, we performed a bivariate variance decomposition analysis to evaluate genetic correlation (rhoG), environmental correlation (rhoE), and phenotypic correlation (rhoP) between BMD and BS at the spine and hip, as well as their "synthesized" skeletal site (bone mineral density principal component, bone size principal component) generated by principal components analysis. Significant rhoG, rhoE, and rhoP were detected, but the shared genetic influence on BMD and BS was only 21%, 1.3%, and 11.6% at the spine, hip, and their joint variable, respectively. The results suggest that it may be important to choose both BMD and BS, especially at the hip, as surrogate phenotypes for osteoporosis genetic studies in Caucasians.
Deep Sequencing of Small RNA Repertoires in Mice Reveals Metabolic Disorders-Associated Hepatic miRNAs (2013)

Obesity and associated metabolic disorders contribute importantly to the metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that repress target gene expression by inducing mRNA degradation and/or translation repression. Dysregulation of specific miRNAs in obesity may influence energy metabolism and cause insulin resistance, which leads to dyslipidemia, steatosis hepatis and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed and validated dysregulated miRNAs in ob/ob mouse liver, as well as miRNA groups based on miRNA gene cluster and gene family by using deep sequencing miRNA datasets. We found that over 13.8% of the total analyzed miRNAs were dysregulated, of which 37 miRNA species showed significantly differential expression. Further RT-qPCR analysis in some selected miRNAs validated the similar expression patterns observed in deep sequencing. Interestingly, we found that miRNA gene cluster and family always showed consistent dysregulation patterns in ob/ob mouse liver, although they had various enrichment levels. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the versatile physiological roles (over six signal pathways and five human diseases) of these miRNAs. Biological studies indicated that overexpression of miR-126 or inhibition of miR-24 in AML-12 cells attenuated free fatty acids-induced fat accumulation. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that obesity and metabolic disturbance are tightly associated with functional miRNAs. We also identified hepatic miRNA candidates serving as potential biomarkers for the diagnose of the metabolic syndrome.
Quantitation in131 I-radioimmunotherapy using spect (1988)

Quantitation from planar imaging and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared in phantom studies and in patients receiving therapeutic doses of 131I-labelled anti-CEA. During the reconstruction of the data for SPECT quantitation attenuation correction and a correction for Compton scatter were used. The limitations of both methods were examined using the phantom studies and it was shown that practical SPECT quantitation could be achieved in patients given therapeutic doses of 131I-labelled anti-CEA, and furthermore, that SPECT appeared to give a more accurate estimate of the activity concentration.
The early pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs infected by contact: a quantitative time-course study using TaqMan RT–PCR (2001)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, economically important virus disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The objective of the present study was to examine the early pathogenesis of FMD in pigs by a quantitative time-course study. Under experimental conditions, recipient pigs were infected by contact with donor pigs affected by FMD. Every 24 h from day 1 to day 4 after exposure, two recipient pigs were selected randomly, killed and necropsied. A range of tissues were analysed by a quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR method and by titration of FMD virus on primary bovine thyroid cells. The titres of virus determined by assay in cell culture and calculated from the quantitative TaqMan data correlated strongly (r>0.9), thereby establishing the validity of the TaqMan calculations. The data indicated that the replication of virus in the lungs contributes only in small part to airborne virus excretion. Sites in the pharynx, trachea and nasal mucosa are probably more important in that regard. The sites of earliest virus infection and possibly replication in recipient pigs appeared to be in the pharynx (soft palate, tonsil and floor of pharynx). The data indicated that FMD virus replication in pigs is rapid and that the majority of virus amplification occurs in the skin. A model for the progression of infection is proposed, indicating initial spread from the pharyngeal region, through regional lymph nodes and via the blood to epithelial cells, resulting in several cycles of virus amplification and spread.
Flow Past Large Obstructions Between Corotating Disks in Fixed Cylindrical Enclosures (1997)

Numerical calculations have been performed for isothermal, laminar, three-dimensional flow past one or two fixed obstructions radially aligned and symmetrically located between a pair of disks corotating in a fixed cylindrical enclosure. The single-obstruction cases respectively model the influence on the flow of (a) a magnetic head arm support and (b) an air lock. The dual-obstruction cases model the simultaneous presence of these two objects. The air lock produces an interdisk cross-stream plane blockage of 62 percent while the two head arm supports produce blockages of 31 percent and 62 percent, respectively. For the cases with the air lock and arm support simultaneously present, the circumferential angle between them is fixed to 40 or 80 deg. Velocity, pressure, shear stress and the disk torque coefficient are predicted mostly for a Reynolds number (Re=ΩR22/v) corresponding to 10,000, approximately, where R2, Ω, and v are the disk radius, the disk angular velocity in rad/s, and the kinematic viscosity of air at 300 K, respectively. The calculations show that a large blockage significantly alters the interdisk flow characteristics by markedly raising the pressure ahead of an obstruction and accelerating the flow through the empty space around it. This induces a detached region of reversed flow ahead of the obstruction, quite distinct from that in its wake. The disk surface pressure distributions point to a potential source of dynamical instability in rotating disk flows with obstructions. By redefining the torque coefficient and Reynolds number to account for dual blockage effects the relationship between these two quantities generally follows the theoretical expression of Humphrey et al. (1992). It is shown that the bulk of the drag on an obstruction is form drag as opposed to friction drag.
Effect of feeding regimen and selection on sexual behavior, epididymal sperm reserves and gross testicular characteristics in Rambouillet rams (2015)

Objectives of this study were to: 1) determine if selection for a female reproductive trait influenced testicular, epididymal and libido characteristics in male offspring, and 2) evaluate effects of a high protein-energy det, during the growth phase, on the aforementioned traits in rams from lines selected for high and low reproductive rate.Rambouillet rams (n = 25) were used in each of two trials (Tl,1982; T2,1984).Rams were from lines (LN) selected for either low (L) or high (H) prolificacy and a random-bred line (C) .In both trials, rams were fed a pelleted diet of 80% alfalfa and 20% barley ad libitum from weaning (BW1) until 10 mo of age (BW2).At this age, rams from each LN were assigned to one of two feeding regimens (FR): 1) placed on pasture and fed grass hay for duration of experiment (normal plane; NP) or 2) continued on the pelleted diet for 7 mo then combined with NP rams for duration of experiment (high plane; HP).Body weights were obtained at BW1, BW2, BW3 (termination of HP FR) and BW4 (4 mo after BW3) .After BW4, scrotal circumference (SC) was measured, and testicles removed to evaluate testicular and epididymal characteristics: 1) paired testicular weight (wt; PTW), 2) paired testicular volume (PTV), 3) paired epididymal wt and sperm reserve (PEW and TESR, respectively), 4) paired epididymal caput/corpus wt and sperm reserve (PEHW and PHESR, respectively), 5) paired cauda wt and sperm reserve (PETW and PTESR), 6) epididymal sperm reserve per gram epididymal wt (ESRGEW) and 7) epididymal sperm reserve per gram testicular wt (ESRGTW) .Rams were libido tested in 15 min tests 1 wk before (L1) and 1 (L2) and 2 (L3) wk after castration.Numbers of mount (M) and services (S) and reaction time to first mount (RTM) and services (RTS) were recorded.Line or FR did not affect (P>.05) growth rate of rams but rams in Tl grew more rapidly (P<.05) than in T2.Trial, LN, FR or their interactions did not affect (P>.05) any of the testicular and epididymal characteristics, except there was a LN by FR interaction (P<.05) for PEHW.Low LN rams had high correlations for all characteristics, while H and C LN rams had low to high correlations among the aforementioned traits.Rams in Tl had more M and S and shorter RTM and RTS than rams in T2.Low line rams had less M in L2 than H line rams.Rams on the HP FR had more M in L2 than NP rams.Libido decreased (P<.05) after castration and more (P<.05)rams mounted and serviced ewes in libido tests in Tl than in T2.In conclusion, selecting for a female reproductive trait or feeding a high protein-energy diet did not alter testicular, epididymal and libido characteristics of rams in this study.
Lyman C. Johnston, DC, FICC, FCCS(C): Canadian chiropractic's postural research pioneer and inventive entrepreneur. (2001)

This paper profiles Dr. Lyman Johnston and his contributions in the field of chiropractic research. Postural concepts, diagnostic instruments, therapeutic devices and treatment protocols are reviewed. Set out and briefly discussed are the Posturometer, Pyramidal Man, anterior-posterior gravity line, Postural Spinal Index, tension master, Spine Power Belt and the Mini-Gym.
Left Atrial Size and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in an Ethnically Mixed Population (1999)

Left atrial enlargement is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for other stroke risk factors, including left ventricular hypertrophy. The association is observed in men of all ages, whereas in women it is attenuated by other factors, especially left ventricular hypertrophy. Interracial differences in the stroke risk may exist that need further investigation.
The effect of a quaternary ammonium biocide on the performance and characteristics of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (2002)

The results show that RBCs can be used to treat effluents containing DDAC at concentrations up to 20 mg l(-1) and that 160 mg l(-1) of DDAC was required to eliminate cells in established biofilms.
Fuzzy NN based predictive control and its application to green liquor system (2002)

The fuzzy NN predictive control algorithm introduced in this paper uses fuzzy neural network to model the nonlinear MIMO process. Its training method that integrates LS and BP algorithm brings quick convergence. GPC algorithm is used as the predictive component. The fuzzy neural network has six layers, including input layer, output layer and four hidden layers. An application to a MIMO nonlinear process (green liquor system of the recovery system in a pulp factory shows that this algorithm has better performance than normal PID algrithm.
Physics of amorphous silicon based alloy field-effect transistors (1984)

In this paper we develop a new theory to describe the characteristics of amorphous silicon based alloy field-effect transistors. We show that the transition from below to above threshold operation occurs when the Fermi level in the accumulation region moves from the deep to tail localized states in the energy gap. The current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics are related to the basic material parameters such as the distribution of localized states in the energy gap, band mobility, device geometry, channel doping, and series resistances. Our analysis shows that an on current in excess of 2×10−7 A/μm gate width can be obtained with a 10-μm gate length. We also demonstrate that even in the above threshold regime the field-effect mobility is dependent on the gate voltage. Our theory can be used to optimize the design of amorphous silicon based alloy field-effect transistors.
Ordered, Random, Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Digital Nanodot Gradients (2014)

Cell navigation is directed by inhomogeneous distributions of extracellular cues. It is well known that noise plays a key role in biology and is present in naturally occurring gradients at the micro- and nanoscale, yet it has not been studied with gradients in vitro. Here, we introduce novel algorithms to produce ordered and random gradients of discrete nanodots--called digital nanodot gradients (DNGs)--according to monotonic and non-monotonic density functions. The algorithms generate continuous DNGs, with dot spacing changing in two dimensions along the gradient direction according to arbitrary mathematical functions, with densities ranging from 0.02% to 44.44%. The random gradient algorithm compensates for random nanodot overlap, and the randomness and spatial homogeneity of the DNGs were confirmed with Ripley's K function. An array of 100 DNGs, each 400×400 µm2, comprising a total of 57 million 200×200 nm2 dots was designed and patterned into silicon using electron-beam lithography, then patterned as fluorescently labeled IgGs on glass using lift-off nanocontact printing. DNGs will facilitate the study of the effects of noise and randomness at the micro- and nanoscales on cell migration and growth.
Plasma prolactin levels in patients with breast cancer (1981)

The plasma prolactin levels of 98 healthy women 22 to 65 years old showed a strong inverse correlation with age. This relationship persisted for older premenopausal and postmenopausal women (aged 30 to 65 years) whose results were compared with those of 34 premastectomy early breast cancer patients, another 38 studied four to six weeks after mastectomy, and 38 with advanced disease (age range, 30 to 77 years). There was no correlation between age and plasma prolactin in any of the breast cancer groups. When patients and controls were classified according to their menopausal status, the premastectomy and postmastectomy early breast cancer groups both showed significantly higher prolactin concentrations than the corresponding controls (P less than 0.001) in all cases). These abnormalities were particularly prominent in the patients studied after surgery, although the difference was significant only for the postmenopausal groups (P less than 0.05). Plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol levels were normal in postmastectomy patients, suggesting that stress was not the cause of elevated prolactin levels. In advanced breast cancer, elevated plasma prolactin concentrations were found only in the postmenopausal patients.
AMPK and AKT protein kinases hierarchically phosphorylate the N-terminus of the FOXO1 transcription factor, modulating interactions with 14-3-3 proteins (2019)

Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, development, stress resistance, and tumor suppression. FOXO1's transcriptional activity is controlled by different environmental cues through a myriad of posttranslational modifications. In response to growth factors, the serine/threonine kinase AKT phosphorylates Thr<sup>24</sup> and Ser<sup>256</sup> in FOXO1 to stimulate binding of 14-3-3 proteins, causing FOXO1 inactivation. In contrast, low nutrient and energy levels induce FOXO1 activity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, partly mediates this effect through phosphorylation of Ser<sup>383</sup> and Thr<sup>649</sup> in FOXO1. In this study, we identified Ser<sup>22</sup> as an additional AMPK phosphorylation site in FOXO1's N terminus, with Ser<sup>22</sup> phosphorylation preventing binding of 14-3-3 proteins. The crystal structure of a FOXO1 peptide in complex with 14-3-3 σ at 2.3 Å resolution revealed that this is a consequence of both steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, we found that AMPK-mediated Ser<sup>22</sup> phosphorylation impairs Thr<sup>24</sup> phosphorylation by AKT in a hierarchical manner. Thus, numerous mechanisms maintain FOXO1 activity via AMPK signaling. AMPK-mediated Ser<sup>22</sup> phosphorylation directly and indirectly averts binding of 14-3-3 proteins, whereas phosphorylation of Ser<sup>383</sup> and Thr<sup>649</sup> complementarily stimulates FOXO1 activity. Our results shed light on a mechanism that integrates inputs from both AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in a small motif to fine-tune FOXO1 transcriptional activity.
Memory that never forgets: emerging nonvolatile memory and the implication for architecture design (2017)

In order to mitigate the problem of the 'memory wall', various emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies have been proposed to replace the traditional ones. These emerging NVMs include spin torque transfer random access memory, PCRAM, resistive random access memory, racetrack memory, etc. Compared to traditional memory technologies, they have the advantages of near-zero standby power, high storage density and nonvolatility, which make them competitive for future memory hierarchy design. However, it is inefficient to directly apply these NVMs in existing memory architectures. On the one hand, these NVMs have their own limitations, such as long write latency, high write energy, limited write numbers, etc. Thus, proper architecture modification is required to adopt them into the traditional memory hierarchy. On the other hand, the unique features of these NVMs allow new memory architectures in memory subsystems and also introduce new challenges to be solved at the same time. In this paper, we not only review various emerging NVMs but also study typical related work on these topics to investigate their implications for memory architecture design.