gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>pygopus</i>encodes a nuclear protein essential for Wingless/Wnt signaling (2002)

The Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signal transduction pathway regulates many developmental processes through a complex of Armadillo(Arm)/beta-catenin and the HMG-box transcription factors of the Tcf family. We report the identification of a new component, Pygopus (Pygo), that plays an essential role in the Wg/Wnt signal transduction pathway. We show that Wg signaling is diminished during embryogenesis and imaginal disc development in the absence of pygo activity. Pygo acts downstream or in parallel with Arm to regulate the nuclear function of Arm protein. pygo encodes a novel and evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein bearing a PHD finger that is essential for its activity. We further show that Pygo can form a complex with Arm in vivo and possesses a transcription activation domain(s). Finally, we have isolated a Xenopus homolog of pygo (Xpygo). Depletion of maternal Xpygo by antisense deoxyoligonucleotides leads to ventralized embryonic defects and a reduction of the expression of Wnt target genes. Together, these findings demonstrate that Pygo is an essential component in the Wg/Wnt signal transduction pathway and is likely to act as a transcription co-activator required for the nuclear function of Arm/beta-catenin.
The production of substituted acrylic acids from ketone cyanohydrins (1945)

Abstract A reaction has been discovered by which ketone cyanohydrins CHR·CR'(OH)·CN may be converted into substituted acrylic amides, CHR: CR'·CO·NH 2 . The reaction proceeds under the influence of concentrated sulphuric acid via the addition compound of this with the cyanohydrin, CH 3 R·CR'(SO 4 H) ·CO·NH 2 . The addition compound splits out sulphuric acid again on heating, yielding the acrylamide. The formation of acrylamides does not occur with aldehyde cyanohydrins. Some suggestions are made to explain the formation of acrylamides from ketone cyanohydrin—sulphuric acid addition compounds.
Of Theory and Practice (2001)

Much has been written about theory and practice in the law, and the tension between practitioners and theorists. Judges do not cite theoretical articles often; they rarely "apply" theories to particular cases. These arguments are not revisited. Instead the Article explores the working and interaction of theory and practice, practitioners and theorists. This Article starts with a story about solving a legal issue using our intellectual tools—theory, practice, and their progenies: experience and "gut." Next the Article elaborates on the nature of theory, practice, experience and gut. The third part of the Article discusses theories that are helpful to practitioners and those that are less helpful. The Article concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice. They use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ. Theory, practice, experience and gut help us think, remember, decide and create. They complement each other like the two sides of the same coin: distinct but inseparable.
Inhibition of Potentially Lethal and Sublethal Damage Repair by Camptothecin and Etoposide in Human Melanoma Cell Lines (1994)

We investigated the ability of camptothecin (CPT), an inhibitor of topoisomerase (topo) I, and etoposide (VP-16), an inhibitor of topo II, to potentiate X-radiation response and to inhibit the repair of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) and sublethal damage (SLDR) in confluent cultures of a radioresistant (Sk-Mel-3) and a radiosensitive (HT-144) human melanoma cell line. CPT or VP-16 were present both during irradiation and during the subsequent delayed plating period allowed for repair of X-radiation damage. When the direct toxicities of CPT or VP-16 were corrected for, we found that a dose of either drug that killed approximately 15% of the clonogenic cells potentiated the effects of radiation differentially on the cell lines. CPT and VP-16 inhibited the increase in survival brought about by delayed plating of HT-144 but not Sk-Mel-3 cells. In both cell lines, CPT inhibited SLDR but not PLDR. VP-16 also inhibited SLDR in both cell lines, however, in contrast with CPT, it also inhibited PLDR in HT-144 cells. Our results therefore suggest that either topo I and II are both implicated in the repair of X-radiation damage, or that the lesions formed by CPT and VP-16 with DNA are able to impair the processing of X-radiation repair. In addition, we found that in the absence of the topo inhibitors, the two cell lines repaired similar amounts of PLD from an isosurvival level. Sk-Mel-3, however, repaired significantly increased SLD from an isosurvival level (about three-fold, p < 0.05) compared with HT-144.
Cardioselective Antiischemic ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel (K<sub>ATP</sub>) Openers. 5. Identification of 4-(<i>N</i>-Aryl)-Substituted Benzopyran Derivatives with High Selectivity (1997)

This paper describes our studies aimed at the discovery of structurally distinct analogs of the cardioprotective KATP opener BMS-180448 (2) with improved selectivity for the ischemic myocardium. The starting compound 6, derived from the indole analog 4, showed good cardioprotective potency and excellent selectivity compared to 2 and the first-generation KATP opener cromakalim (1). The structure−activity studies indicate that increasing the size of the alkyl ester leads to diminished potency as does its replacement with a variety of other groups (nitrile, methyl sulfone). Replacement of the ethyl ester of 6 with an imidazole gave the best compound 3 (BMS-191095) of this series which maintains the potency and selectivity of its predecessor 6. The results described in this publication further support that there is no correlation between vasorelaxant and cardioprotective potencies of KATP openers. Compound 3 is over 20- and 4000-fold more selective for the ischemic myocardium than 2 and cromakalim (1), respectively. The selectivity for the ischemic myocardium is achieved by reduction of vasorelaxant potency rather than enhancement in antiischemic potency. As for cromakalim (1) and 2, the cardioprotective effects of compound 3 are inhibited by cotreatment with the KATP blocker glyburide, indicating that the KATP opening is involved in its mechanism of cardioprotection. With its good oral bioavailability (47%) and plasma elimination half-life (3 h) in rats, compound 3 offers an excellent candidate to investigate the role of residual vasorelaxant potency of 2 toward its cardioprotective activity in vivo.
Algebraic fields, signal processing, and error control (1985)

This survey paper is intended to integrate the subjects of digital signal processing and error control codes by studying their common dependence on the properties of the discrete Fourier transform. The two subjects are traditionally studied in different algebraic fields. Usually, the computations of digital signal processing are done using the complex number system, while the computations of error control codes are done using the arithmetic of Galois fields. We will argue that this dichotomy may be partly a historical accident. By viewing the two problems in the opposite number system, we shall find that there are parallels and that many techniques can be shared by the two subjects. The new material included within the paper is introduced in order to extend known techniques used in one algebraic field into another algebraic field where those techniques are not yet used.
Heparin attenuates TNF-α induced inflammatory response through a CD11b dependent mechanism (2000)

Our results support the concept that the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin involve attenuation of a CD11b dependent adherent mechanism.
ErbB2 and TGF-beta: A Cooperative Role in Mammory Tumor Progression? (2004)

Amplification and overexpression of ErbB2 (HER2/Neu) is one of the most common alterations associated with breast cancer. Activation of ErbB2 via homodimerization in a non-transformed human mammary epithelial cell line, MCF-10A, in basement membrane cultures leads to formation of proliferative structures that share properties with non-invasive early stage lesions. Recently, we have shown that activation of ErbB2 homodimers combined with expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta induces invasive and migratory activity in MCF-10A cells. In this system, migration requires inputs from numerous cellular pathways. We discuss this data and a model for migration induced by ErbB2 and TGF-beta. Concurrent studies by other groups have also shown that ErbB2 and TGF-beta can cooperate to increase metastatic and invasive behavior in murine mammary tumors. Here we discuss these studies and the potential implications of this research on breast cancer therapeutics.
Mechanoresponsive Networks Controlling Vascular Inflammation (2014)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries that develops preferentially at branches and bends that are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Vascular function is modified by flow, in part, via the generation of mechanical forces that alter multiple physiological processes in endothelial cells. Shear stress has profound effects on vascular inflammation; high uniform shear stress prevents leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall by reducing endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory proteins, whereas low oscillatory shear stress has the opposite effects. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that underpin the effects of shear stress on endothelial inflammatory responses. They include shear stress regulation of inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling. High shear suppresses these pathways through the induction of several negative regulators of inflammation, whereas low shear promotes inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, we summarize recent studies indicating that inflammatory signaling is highly sensitive to pulse wave frequencies, magnitude, and direction of flow. Finally, the importance of systems biology approaches (including omics studies and functional screening) to identify novel mechanosensitive pathways is discussed.
William S. and William D. Jewett (1954)

Research Article| December 01 1954 William S. and William D. Jewett Elliot Evans Elliot Evans Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California Historical Society Quarterly (1954) 33 (4): 309–320. https://doi.org/10.2307/25156517 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Elliot Evans; William S. and William D. Jewett. California Historical Society Quarterly 1 December 1954; 33 (4): 309–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25156517 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1954 The California Historical Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The role of nitric oxide during embryonic wound healing (2019)

Our study describes a new role of NO during healing, which may potentially translate to improved therapeutic treatments, especially for individual suffering with problematic healing.
Epitope analysis of the Goodpasture antigen using a resonant mirror biosensor (1996)

We have used a new technique for studying molecular interactions-a resonant mirror biosensor-to identify B cell epitopes within the Goodpasture antigen, which has recently been identified as the non-collagenous domain of the alpha 3-chain of type IV collagen (alpha 3(IV)NC1). Recombinant antigen (r-alpha 3) was immobilized onto the sensing surface of a sample cuvette, and the binding of patients' autoantibodies or a MoAb to the Goodpasture antigen was followed in real time. All patients' sera bound r-alpha 3 in this system, while control sera did not bind. A MoAb inhibited the binding of all patients' autoantibodies to r-alpha 3, from 27% to 90% (mean inhibition 60%), and patients' sera cross-inhibited the binding of each other to the antigen. Binding was inhibited by pre-incubation of autoantibody with both native sheep alpha 3(IV)NC1 and purified human alpha 3(IV)NC1 monomers. Inhibition experiments using soluble overlapping peptides from human alpha 3(IV)NC1 identified putative B cell epitopes. These results suggest that there is a major immunodominant epitope on the Goodpasture antigen, and that there is very limited heterogeneity in the autoantibody response in Goodpasture's disease. The resonant mirror biosensor can be successfully used to monitor antibody-antigen binding using polyclonal sera, and to map epitopes on autoantigens.
Taste perception in cirrhosis: Its relationship to circulating micronutrients and food preferences (1997)

Impairment of gustatory acuity may influence nutrient intake and hence nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate gustatory acuity in patients with cirrhosis and its relationship to circulating concentrations of micronutrients, and food preferences. Gustatory evaluation was undertaken, using a rinsing technique, in 75 cirrhotic patients and 75 comparable healthy volunteers. Circulating concentrations of magnesium, zinc, vitamin A, and alpha- and beta-carotene were measured, and food preferences were assessed by questionnaire. The cirrhotic patients showed impaired gustatory function with significantly higher (less sensitive) median thresholds for detection of salt, sweet, and sour and for recognition of bitter, salt, sweet, and sour, together with a higher overall median gustatory score (P < .0001). Mean circulating concentrations of magnesium, zinc, vitamin A, and alpha- and beta-carotene were significantly lower in the patient population. Serum magnesium was significantly negatively associated with detection of salt (P = .02) and gustatory score (P = .02). Patients' subjective assessment of taste acuity did not correspond with objective measurements. Overall, no differences were observed in food preferences between the two groups, nor was any association found between food preferences and gustatory acuity. Patients with cirrhosis have impaired gustatory acuity that is associated with hypomagnesemia but apparently does not affect food selection.
Video Essay Question: An Experiment in Teaching Professional Responsibility, The (1985)

Having from time to time made extensive use of audio-visual media in teaching Professional Responsibility, the idea occurred to me that it might be both interesting and useful to administer a final examination which included in part a video essay question. Rather than merely describing on paper a set of facts, why not show students a videotape of a simulated law office transaction between an attorney and clients which raised issues of ethics and professionalism in a true-to-life context? What better way could one test whether a student understood how the insights of the course should influence the practice of law? Intrigued by the idea, I offered it to my class as an option which individual students could elect in place of the regular printed essay component of the exam. To my great surprise, all 56 students rose to the challenge. What follows is a brief description of the experiment1 and of the students' reactions to it, along with some thoughts on the advantages and perils of this alternative testing format and its applicability to courses other than Professional Responsibility. At the outset, let me confess that my goal is not to footnote every sentence, nor to produce the definitive work on the subject. All that I wish to do is to record the event, provoke some discussion, and perhaps entice a few adventurous law teachers to try the idea. Of necessity, many of the observations made herein are subjective in nature, rooted as they are in my own assessment of those goals which are appropriate to law school teaching, and in particular to a legal ethics class.
Design of 4 × 1 Power Beam Combiner Based on MultiCore Photonic Crystal Fiber (2017)

A novel concept of 4 × 1 power beam combiner based on multicore photonic crystal fiber is described. The light coupling obtained by integrating small air-holes in the multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure allows light coupling between coherent laser sources to the central core. The beam propagation method (BPM) and coupled mode theory were used for analyzing the proposed device. Simulation results show that four coherent fiber laser sources of 1 µm in a multicore PCF structure can be combined into one source after 2.6 mm light propagation, with a power efficiency of 99.6% and bandwidth of 220 nm. In addition, a higher 8 × 1 ratio combiner was demonstrated, based on the proposed device. Thus, the device can be very useful to combine beams.
Evaluation of standard PVT properties from equations of state (1998)

The material balance equation is one of the most powerful tools for estimating oil and gas in place by using production data and PVT fluid properties. Accurate oil and gas properties are needed for making any meaningful estimate of OOIP/OGIP for any type of reservoir fluid. Oil and gas formation volume factors, bubblepoint pressure and solution gas oil ratios can be obtained from flash vaporization, differential liberation and separator separation tests. These are standard PVT experimental procedures for the oil industry, although they may not always be economically affordable. Evaluation procedures are discussed.
A Localization System Using Invisible Retro-reflective Markers (2005)

This paper describes a method for localizing wearable computer users. To realize applications of wearable computers like a human navigation system, the position of a user is required for location-based services. Many localization methods in indoor environments have been proposed. One of the methods estimates user’s position using IR beacons or visual markers. However, these methods have some problems concerning power supply and/or undesirable visual effects. In order to avoid the problems, we propose a new localization method which is based on using an IR camera and invisible markers consisting of translucent retro-reflectors. In the proposed method, to extract the regions of the markers from the captured images stably, the camera captures the reflection of IR LEDs which are flashed on and off synchronously. 1
Efficient search for association rules (2000)

This paper argues that for some applications direct search for association rules can be more e cient than the tw o stage process of the Apriori algorithm which rst nds large itemsets whic hare then used to iden tify associations. In particular, it is argued, Apriori can impose large computational overheads when the number of frequen titemsets is very large. This will often be the case when association rule analysis is performed on domains other than basket analysis or when it is performed for basket analysis with basket information augmented b y other customer information. An algorithm is presented that is computationally e cient for association rule analyses during which the n um ber of rules to be found can be constrained and all data can be maintained in memory.
Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide Array Antenna & Feed System (2008)

In this thesis we investigate substrate integrated waveguides and their application as a slotted waveguide antenna array. The standard slotted waveguide antenna is designed following Elliot's modified design procedure. Elliot's modified design procedure not only takes into account the effects of mutual coupling from the neighboring slots in the array but also the internal higher order modes that are scattered off adjacent slots. The antenna is then converted to a slotted substrate integrated waveguide antenna by carefully placing two rows of metallic via holes to simulate the sidewalls of the rectangular waveguide. The size and location of the via holes are calculated such that they contain the electromagnetic fields inside the substrate integrated waveguide with negligible leakage loss and that the substrate integrated waveguide has the same propagation constant and characteristic impedance as its equivalent rectangular waveguide. Integrating the waveguide into a substrate allows the entire circuit to be fabricated within the substrate and eliminates the need for complicated transitions that link a rectangular waveguide to a planar circuit. The antenna is fed by a 50] shielded stripline. The stripline is shielded by two rows of via holes placed symmetrically on each side of the trace of the stripline. The transition is composed of a single via hole that links the shielded stripline to the substrate integrated waveguide. Back-to-back transitions between a shielded stripline and a substrate integrated waveguide are designed and simulated for three different frequency bands; C band, Ku band & Ka band. The bandwidth of the transitions ranged from 20-35% in all cases. A back-to-back transition was fabricated for the C-band. The fabrication was done by hand using electrical tape for the stripline inner conductor and screws as the via holes. The bandwidth of the measured results show a smaller bandwidth compared to the simulated results. This disparity is due to the imperfections associated with fabricating the transition by hand. A uniform antenna array of 8 slots is designed and simulated with the feed network. A good radiation pattern with sidelobes 14dB below the main beam is observed. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1GHz at the operating frequency of 15GHz.
Investigation of parameter-dependent properties of quantum graphs with and without time-reversal symmetry (2009)

Parameter-dependent statistical properties of spectra of irregular quantum graphs with and without time-reversal symmetry are studied. The autocorrelation functions of level velocities and as well as the distribution of avoided crossing gaps are calculated. The numerical results are compared with the predictions of random matrix theory (RMT).
A persistent cough (2016)

A 60 year old woman presented with a hoarse voice and persistent dry cough. Flexible nasendoscopy showed a smooth, round swelling on the posterior third of the tongue.

What abnormality is shown in the midline at the posterior tongue base on this axial T2 weighted magnetic resonance image (fig 1⇓)?



Fig 1  Axial section, T2 weighted magnetic resonance image at the level of the tongue base.



A cystic remnant of the thyroglossal duct (thyroglossal cyst).

### Discussion

The magnetic resonance image shows a thin walled, cystic lesion in the …