gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>ORR/OER Bi-Functional Catalyst: Influence of Synthetic Approach on Performance (2015)

A series of CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts were synthesized by pore forming, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis and sacrificial support methods. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET techniques. The electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) was evaluated in alkaline media by RRDE. Density Functional Theory was used to identify two different types of active sites responsible for ORR/OER activity of CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and it was found that CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>can activate the O-O bond by binding molecular oxygen in bridging positions between Co or Co and Cu atoms. It was found that the sacrificial support method (SSM) catalyst has the highest performance in both ORR and OER and has the highest content of phase-pure CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It was shown that the presence of CuO significantly decreases the activity in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. As a result, the half-wave potential (E<sub>1/2</sub>) of CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-SSM was found as 0.8 V, making this material a state-of-the-art, unsupported oxide catalyst.
Comparison of a sodium chloride aerosol filter test method to silica-dust and silica-mist filter test methods (1978)

A LASL-developed sodium chloride aerosol filter penetration test has been compared to the silica-dust and silica-mist tests used by NIOSH for respirator approval testing. Filter discs were made from two types of resin impregnated electrostatic felt filter materials and tested at LASL for resistance to air flow and sodium chloride aerosol penetration. Sets of these filters were sent to four respirator manufacturing companies, where silica-dust and silica-mist penetration tests were performed. One set of filters was sent to NIOSH Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering in Cincinnati where sodium chloride aerosol penetration tests were performed by NIOSH personnel.
CO2 Foam With Surfactants Used Below Their Critical Micelle Concentrations (1992)

Summary Using surfactants below their critical micelle concentrations, CCMC, to reduce gas mobility throughout a reservoir can be advantageous. When used in reservoir brines below their CMCMC inexpensive anionic surfactants propagate through rock with little delay owing to adsorption. Yet gas mobility is reduced below that of a watertlood in either surfactant-water-altemating-gas (SWAG) or coinjection experiments. Moreover, oil recovery is higher than in processes without surfactant. In contrast, at concentrations above the CCMC, surfactant adsorption is much higher and the injected surfactant concentration can be greatly delayed. In addition, CO2 mobility can be reduced so far below that of a watertlood that injectivity suffers. Moreover, oil recovery can be reduced because oil is emulsified and its mobility is lowered. This type of foam should be considered only for near-wellbore fluid diversions.
A novel ionic liquid polymer electrolyte for quasi-solid state lithium air batteries (2017)

A novel ionic liquid polymer electrolyte with enhanced electrochemical properties is developed for improved lithium–air battery performance.
Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry (2010)

In July 1971, the polyether ionophorous antibiotic monensin was introduced in the United States for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. At that time, prospects for new anticoccidial agents were not good. Amprolium had enjoyed several years of use, but many other compounds had been abandoned as resistance to them developed. After the introduction of monensin, most commercial broilers were medicated with the drug and it is still widely used for this purpose today. Apart from in poultry, monensin is also used to control coccidiosis in game birds, sheep, and cattle. Indeed, more animals have been medicated with ionophores, such as monensin, for control of disease than any other medicinal agents in the history of veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the discovery, mode of action, and efficacy of monensin, together with matters of importance to the poultry industry such as commercial use, drug resistance, toxicity, pharmacology and residues, host immunity to coccidiosis, and effects in other avian species.
The UCSC Archaeal Genome Browser: 2012 update (2011)

The UCSC Archaeal Genome Browser (http://archaea.ucsc.edu) offers a graphical web-based resource for exploration and discovery within archaeal and other selected microbial genomes. By bringing together existing gene annotations, gene expression data, multiple-genome alignments, pre-computed sequence comparisons and other specialized analysis tracks, the genome browser is a powerful aggregator of varied genomic information. The genome browser environment maintains the current look-and-feel of the vertebrate UCSC Genome Browser, but also integrates archaeal and bacterial-specific tracks with a few graphic display enhancements. The browser currently contains 115 archaeal genomes, plus 31 genomes of viruses known to infect archaea. Some of the recently developed or enhanced tracks visualize data from published high-throughput RNA-sequencing studies, the NCBI Conserved Domain Database, sequences from pre-genome sequencing studies, predicted gene boundaries from three different protein gene prediction algorithms, tRNAscan-SE gene predictions with RNA secondary structures and CRISPR locus predictions. We have also developed a companion resource, the Archaeal COG Browser, to provide better search and display of arCOG gene function classifications, including their phylogenetic distribution among available archaeal genomes.
In vitro model of microglial deramification: Ramified microglia transform into amoeboid phagocytes following addition of brain cell membranes to microglia‐astrocyte cocultures (2001)

Changes in the morphology of ramified microglia are a common feature in brain pathology and culminate in the appearance of small, rounded, microglia-derived phagocytes in the presence of neural debris. Here, we explored the effect of adding brain cell membranes on the morphology of alphaMbeta2-integrin (CD11b/CD18, CR3) positive microglia cultured on a confluent astrocyte substrate as an in vitro model of deramification. Addition of brain membranes led to a loss of microglial ramification, with full transformation to small, rounded, macrophages at 20-40 microg/ml. Time course studies showed a rapid response, with first effects at 1-3 hours, and full transformation at 24-48 hours. Removal of cell membranes and exchange of the culture medium led to a similarly rapid process of reramification. Comparison of cell membranes from different tissues at 20 microg/ml showed strong transforming effect for the brain, more moderate for kidney and liver, and very weak for spleen and skeletal muscle. Fluorescent labeling of brain membranes revealed uptake by almost all rounded macrophages, by a subpopulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, but not by ramified microglia. Phagocytosis of inert fluorobeads did not lead to a transformation into macrophages but their phagocytosis was inhibited by brain membranes, pointing to a saturable uptake mechanism. In summary, addition of brain cell membranes and their phagocytosis leads to a rapid and reversible loss of ramification. The differences in transforming activity from different tissues and the absence of effect from phagocytosed fluorobeads suggest, however, the need for a second stimulus following the phagocytosis of cell debris.
The Effect of a Cerebral Vasodilator, Vinpocetine, on Cerebral Vascular Resistance Evaluated by the Doppler Ultrasonic Technique in Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (1995)

Changes in cerebral vascular resistance were examined in patients with cerebral circulatory diseases by the Doppler ultrasonic technique after administration of a cerebral vasodilator, vinpocetine, for two months. Continuous index (CI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the blood flow pattern in the internal carotid artery were used as objective parameters for changes in cerebral vascular resistance. 1. The CI and PI changed significantly after administration of the drug; ie, the CI increased while the PI decreased. 2. An inverse correlation was noted between the rate of change of the CI (ΔCI) and that of the PI (ΔPI). 3. The results suggest that measurement of the CI and PI by the Doppler ultrasonic technique is useful in investigating the effect of drugs on the cerebral circulation.
Resolving Coffee Roasting-Degree Phases Based on the Analysis of Volatile Compounds in the Roasting Off-Gas by Photoionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PI-TOFMS) and Statistical Data Analysis: Toward a PI-TOFMS Roasting Model (2016)

Coffee beans of two cultivars, Arabica (Mexico) and Robusta (Vietnam), were roasted in a small-scale drum roaster at different temperature profiles. Evolving volatile compounds out of the roasting off-gas were analyzed by photoionization mass spectrometry at four different wavelengths, either with single-photon ionization (SPI) or resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The different analyte selectivities at the four wavelengths and their relevance for the examination of the roasting process were discussed. Furthermore, intensities of observed m/z were grouped by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to reveal the temporal evolutions of four roasting phases ("evaporation", "early roast", "late roast", and "overroast") from NMF scores and the corresponding molecular composition from the NMF factor loadings, giving chemically sound results concerning the roasting phases. Finally, linear classifiers were constructed from real mass spectra at maximum NMF scores by linear discriminant analysis to obtain quantities which are simple to measure for real-time analysis of the roasting process.
Product Inhibition of the Fermentative Formation of Glutamic Acid (1970)

The addition of penicillin to cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum growing in 5-liter fermentors initiated the excretion of glutamic acid. The rate of glutamate production in fermentors declined continuously with time and reached 75% of the initial rate in 24 hr after penicillin had been added. The addition of glutamate to resting cell suspensions had only a slight effect on sugar utilization but caused a marked decrease in glutamate excretion. It is suggested that the high level of glutamate accumulating in the fermentation broth is responsible for inhibiting its own production.
The Implementation of Task-based Language Teaching in Extensive Reading Course (2011)

A case study was set in Wuyi University to explore the necessity and feasibility in applying Task-based Language Teaching in Extensive Reading course through the questionnaire survey,testing,interviews,statistics and other methods.A few suggestions were put forward for implementation of Task-based teaching method.
Predicted Increase in Gullfaks H2S Production Associated With Injected Sea Water -- Application of Biofilm Model (1993)

Abstract H2S was found to be Increasing in Gullfaks produced sea water. Wells supported by the same injector showed similar development indicating an association between the injector and the H2S. Statoil's biofilm model was used to history match this behaviour to set the input parameters and enable a prediction to be made for each well. Some wells will exceed the process H2S limits and solutions are discussed. Produced water re-injection was shown to be detrimental to souring reservoirs.
THE GEOTEXTILES AND GEOMEMBRANES MANUAL (1994)

This manual describes the development of geotextiles and geocomposites and gives a full description of their properties. Sections are provided on: a) polymers and their identification; b) production processes; and c) physical properties such as tensile and tear strength, puncture and burst strengths, friction, pore size, permeability, transmissivity, creep and durability. Sections are also provided on geotextile design for various structures including erosion control, roads and railways, reinforced soil walls or slopes, and basal reinforcement. A section is also provided on standards and specifications. A products directory is included.
Novel Polymeric Controlled Release Systems (1986)

The primary object of this research has been to evaluate the potential of biodegradable polymers as matrices for macramolecular controlled drug release systems. Initial work was carried out on the in vitro breakdown of members of a novel poly ester copolymer series - polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate, in various aqueous buffers by bulk and surface measurements of the varying physical forms of the copolymer matrices. In line with the reported hydrolytic degradation of other polyesters the degradation was found to be by a predominantly homogeneous (bulk) mechanism. The initial molecular weight, copolymer composition and physical form of the polymer matrix determining the rate of hydrolysis. Comparison with established biodegradable suture materials showed a relatively slow rate of hydrolysis for the butyrate / valerate copolymers. However, differences in matrix molecular weights and crystallinities did make equivalent comparisons difficult. A link between matrix surface physical properties and the extent of bulk degradation was found, with the surface techniques providing a more detailed reflection of the extent of bulk matrix hydrolysis than weight loss measurements during the initial degradation stages. Drug release in the form of a series of macromolecular FITC dextran dyes was followed from two types of polyhydroxybutyrateco- hydroxyvalerate matrices (i.e. solvent cast films and cold compressed tablets). Release was found to occur predominantly by diffusion with matrix degradation playing an insignificant part in dye dissolution. Contrary to expectation, the rate of dye release increased with increasing dye molecular weight. This was due to changes in matrix porosity rather than dye diffusivity. Tablet dye release was found to be effected by the addition of various excipients, with matrix porosity governing the overall! release rate. It is suggested that the tabletted form could be used as sustained release non-disintegrating oral dosage forms.
Mosaicing of multi- resolution satellite images (2002)

Each scene of a remote sensing image, obtained from one orbit, is performed on a subset of the total area. The mosaicing process is employed to obtain the whole area. Then, several contiguous images obtained from many orbits of the same satellite are merged together. However, sometimes the contiguous images from the same satellite cannot be provided, Therefore, another satellite image with different resolution must be used for mosaicing. To perform the multi-resolution satellite mosaicing, first these images are geometrically registered to another by using the common ground control points in the areas of overlap. The biharmonic spline interpolation is applied for resampling the images in order to obtain the same resolution of picture element. The next step is to adjust the brightness of each image by gray scale matching procedure. In the final step, the seams appearing over the joint area between the adjacent images will be removed by using linear weighting function.
Efficacy of Gadoteridol for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine (1992)

Subjective assessment of magnetic resonance scans suggest gadoteridol is an effective intravenous contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
Kinetic simulations of sheared flow stabilization in high-temperature Z-pinch plasmas (2019)

The first fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch plasmas show the suppression of the sausage instability by shear, ∂rvz ≠ 0, with flow Mach numbers ≲1, consistent with experimental observations. Experimental investigations of sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinches demonstrated stability for 10 s of microseconds, over 1000 Alfvén radial transit times, in quasi steady-state plasmas that are an intermediate between conventional inertial and magnetic confinement systems. The observed stability coincides with the presence of radial shear in axial flow profiles with peak speeds less than Mach 1, and experiments are underway to validate scaling this design to fusion conditions. The experimentally observed stability agrees with models of m = 1 kink mode suppression by sheared flows, but existing models of the m = 0 sausage mode underestimate the efficacy of sheared flow stabilization. These models rely on fluid approximations and find that stabilization requires flows ranging from Mach 1.7 to 4.3, and in some cases, stabilization is not reproduced in the models. This is faster than the measured flows in long-lived plasmas and would necessitate substantial energy convection out of the Z-pinch and the need to drive and sustain supersonic flows in future devices. The MHD models typically used in the literature are invalid in the high-temperature, high-current environments desirable for many Z-pinch applications, and they ignore large Larmor radius effects and viscous dissipation which are known to impact Z-pinch stability. PIC simulations can capture all these effects as well as kinetic instabilities that could influence the performance of high-temperature sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch plasmas. The PIC simulations presented here show the suppression and damping of m = 0 modes by sheared flows ∂rvz = 0.75vA/r0 with flow Mach numbers ≲1. Equivalent stability occurs under plasma conditions ranging from the limits of present-day experimental capabilities to the projected conditions of a sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch reactor.
Strong Hydrogen Bonding to the Amide Nitrogen Atom in an “Amide Proton Sponge”: Consequences for Structure and Reactivity (1999)

N-Protonated amides have been proposed as intermediates in several biologically important reactions, but they have yet to be identified spectroscopically. The first step toward this goal is now reported in the form of spectroscopic and crystallographic proof of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between a charged proton donor and an amide nitrogen atom in the "proton sponge" derivative 1; novel reactivity results from this interaction. TfO<sup>-=</sup> trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Characterization of eIF3k (2003)

Mammalian translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multisubunit complex containing at least 12 subunits with an apparent aggregate mass of approximately 700 kDa. eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit, promotes the binding of methionyl-tRNAi and mRNA, and interacts with several other initiation factors to form the 40S initiation complex. Human cDNAs encoding 11 of the 12 subunits have been isolated previously; here we report the cloning and characterization of a twelfth subunit, a 28-kDa protein named eIF3k. Evidence that eIF3k is present in the eIF3 complex was obtained. A monoclonal anti-eIF3a (p170) Ig coimmunoprecipitates eIF3k with the eIF3 complex. Affinity purification of histidine-tagged eIF3k from transiently transfected COS cells copurifies other eIF3 subunits. eIF3k colocalizes with eIF3 on 40S ribosomal subunits. eIF3k coexpressed with five other 'core' eIF3 subunits in baculovirus-infected insect cells, forms a stable, immunoprecipitatable, complex with the 'core'. eIF3k interacts directly with eIF3c, eIF3g and eIF3j by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Sequences homologous with eIF3k are found in the genomes of Caenorhabitis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster, and a homologous protein has been reported to be present in wheat eIF3. Its ubiquitous expression in human tissues, yet its apparent absence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, suggest a unique regulatory role for eIF3k in higher organisms. The studies of eIF3k complete the characterization of mammalian eIF3 subunits.
Neutron production from Li(d, xn) driven by high-intensity laser-target interactions (2010)

Summary form only given. Plasma based neutron sources traditionally utilize d-d or d-t nuclear fusion reactions. These two reactions have been known for a long time and widely used for neutron production. But neutrons can also be produced in nuclear reactions of deuterium with other low-Z elements such as lithium, beryllium and carbon. The neutron yield and directionality can be improved significantly by bombarding thick targets (~1 mm) made of these elements with high energy (MeV) deuterons. The higher neutron yield compared to both d-d and d-t reactions is due to the very large cross section for neutron production (~1 barn) even at incident deuteron energies as high as 100 MeV. The most remarkable feature of the neutron generation process is that at deuteron energies above 10 MeV the neutrons are emitted in a very narrow cone, forming a pencil-like beam. In this work, we study the neutron production from deuterium-lithium nuclear fusion reactions driven by a high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser. A set of differential cross sections for the Li(d, xn) reaction for incident deuteron energies of up to 50 MeV is assembled and tested by comparing the angular distribution of emitted neutrons against experimental data. The neutron production from laser-target experiments has been studied theoretically as a function of laser energy with a 3D Monte Carlo ion beam-target deposition model. The neutron yield in the forward direction is estimated to be ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> neutrons/ster per unit laser energy. The proposed scheme for neutron production from d-Li reactions is superior to that from d-d reactions, producing a collimated beam of neutrons with higher neutron yield.
Ubiquitin: Its potential significance in murine AA amyloidogenesis (1992)

Amyloid enhancing factor (AEF), which has recently been shown to have identity with ubiquitin (Ub), is believed to play a causative role in experimentally induced AA amyloidosis in mice. We have examined the profile of Ub in activated leukocytes and splenic reticulo-endothelial (RE) cells and its relationship with serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and AA amyloid deposits in an alveolar hydatid cyst (AHC)-infected mouse model of AA amyloidosis. Two monospecific antibodies, anti-ubiquitin (RABU) and anti-mouse AA amyloid, were used as immunological probes to localize Ub, SAA, and AA amyloid. In response to AHC infection, the dull and diffuse Ub immunoreactivity in normal mouse leukocytes and RE cells promptly changed to a discrete granular pattern suggesting an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ub and the formation of Ub-protein conjugates. This corresponded to an elevation in SAA levels, SAA uptake by RABU-positive phagocytic cells, co-localization of Ub-SAA immunoreactive splenocytes in the perifollicular areas, and deposition of Ub-bound AA amyloid in the splenic and hepatic tissues. These results suggest that Ub-loaded monocytoid cells may play an important role in the physiological processing of the sequestered SAA into AA amyloid. Aspects of AA amyloidogenesis are discussed in relation to other experimental models in which stress-induced Ub-protein conjugate formation and its transport to lysosomal vesicles have been studied.