gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A monoclonal antibody to C-type natriuretic peptide – preparation and application to radioimmunoassay and neutralization experiment (1994)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), the third member of natriuretic peptides, has recently been discovered from the porcine brain. Using a polyclonal antiserum to CNP, we demonstrated that CNP-like immunoreactivity (CNP-LI) is present mainly in the central nervous system. Recently, however, we have discovered the production and secretion of CNP in vascular endothelial cells. These observations suggested that CNP may act not only as a neuropeptide but also as a local regulator of vascular tone or growth. In order to further clarify the pathophysiological significance of CNP, we aimed at the preparation of a monoclonal antibody to CNP. A monoclonal antibody to CNP, KY-CNP-I, has been produced. This monoclonal antibody belongs to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass and has high affinity for CNP. Using this monoclonal antibody, we established a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for CNP. The RIA detected CNP-LI in rat brain extracts and culture media conditioned with bovine endothelial cells. In addition, the pretreatment of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells with KY-CNP-I attenuated cyclic GMP production induced by CNP in vitro. The preadministration of KY-CNP-I to rats also attenuated plasma cyclic GMP increase after intravenous injection of CNP in vivo. These results indicate that this monoclonal antibody is a useful tool to clarify the pathophysiological role of CNP as a neuropeptide and as a local vascular regulator.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Environments (2006)

Deployment of large population of sensors for sophisticated sensing and control in the industrial and commercial infrastructures is a challenging research area. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) for industrial applications has attracted a great deal of interests today. Unlike the office networks, the industrial environment for wireless sensor networks are harsher due to the unpredictable variations in temperature, pressure, humidity, present of heavy equipments etc. In this paper, we present a survey of wireless sensor network for industrial applications. The interference and other issues that could be encountered in WSN are discussed and strategies to improve the link quality are described.
Giant resonance for the actinide nuclei: Photoneutron and photofission cross sections for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>235</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>236</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>238</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Th</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>232</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1980)

The photoneutron cross sections $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma},n)$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma},2n)$, and total photofission cross sections $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma},F)$ have been measured for $^{235}\mathrm{U}$, $^{236}\mathrm{U}$, $^{238}\mathrm{U}$, and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ from threshold to 18.3 MeV using monoenergetic photons from the annihilation in flight of fast positrons and neutron-multiplicity detection in an efficient $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ neutron detector. Use of the ring-ratio technique allowed both the average photofission neutron energy for each nucleus to be obtained as a function of photon energy and, for $^{236}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{238}\mathrm{U}$, the determination of the partial cross sections for first-chance $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma},f)$ and second-chance $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma},nf)$ photofission as well. Information extracted from the data includes integrated cross sections and their moments, giant-resonance parameters, deformation and radius parameters, and relative and absolute neutron and fission probabilities.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{235,236,238}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ ($\ensuremath{\gamma}$,$n$,$2n$,$F$), ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=5\ensuremath{-}18.3$ MeV; measured $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ neutron yield, neutron multiplicities, and average energies for monoenergetic photons; $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},1n)$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},2n)$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},F)$, integrated cross sections and moments, GDR parameters, nuclear shape parameters, neutron and fission probabilities.
FLOTATION BEHAVIOR OF DIGESTED ASPHALT RIDGE TAR SANDS. (1981)

Argues that two questions with regard to high solids attrition scrubbing have yet to be answered: What are the effects of shorter scrubbing time, lower temperature, and less sodium carbonate. Would a two-stage approach be advantageous. That is, could you get the major proportion of the bitumen with a mild scrub and apply the high power and temperature only to the refractory portion. Concludes that since mining can yield a 95% recovery of bitumen, heavy oil and tar sands should be mined. A reply notes that by appropriate control of bitumen viscosity in the feed (probably the most important variable for successful separation) the recovery can be accomplished at low digestion temperature and low addition of alkali.
In Vitro Response to HBsAg of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Recipients of Hepatitis B Vaccine (1984)

Lymphocytes isolated from recipients of hepatitis B vaccine were studied for their immune response to HBsAg in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) from 70 to 80% of 40 vaccinees yielded proliferative indices larger than 2 after 5 to 7 days incubation with HBsAg. This in vitro proliferative response could be augmented by incubating the cells with HBsAg and supernatants of activated T cells for 2 weeks or longer. After 7 to 10 days, in vitro stimulation with antigen, PBMs (1 X 10(6] could yield 5 to 15 HBsAg-specific antibody-secreting plaque-forming cells. The antibody to HBsAg produced in vitro was greatly increased in cultures that contained antigen-specific B cells enriched by panning with HBsAg-coated plates and a T cell growth factor-dependent, HBsAg-specific autologous T cell line. The results indicate that HBsAg-specific B and T cells are present, although at low frequencies, in the circulation of hepatitis B vaccinees.
Symmetric response obtained with an orthogonal fluxgate operating in fundamental mode (2002)

A method is proposed by which a magnetometer with symmetric response and zero offset can be realized with an orthogonal fluxgate. The sign of the sensitivity is changed by changing the sign of the dc bias current to the wire core of the magnetometer, whereas offset is unchanged. Symmetrical response is obtained by taking the difference of outputs obtained with a positive dc bias and with a negative dc bias, which also leads to zero offset. A prototype is examined with an as-cast amorphous Co-based wire as a core. Good performance is obtained with small excitation current (ac component 5 mA, dc component 7 mA).
Intratracheal Instillation as an Exposure Technique for the Evaluation of Respiratory Tract Toxicity: Uses and Limitations (2000)

The evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity from airborne materials frequently involves exposure of animals via inhalation. This provides a natural route of entry into the host and, as such, is the preferred method for the introduction of toxicants into the lungs. However, for various reasons, this technique cannot always be used, and the direct instillation of a test material into the lungs via the trachea has been employed in many studies as an alternative exposure procedure. Intratracheal instillation has become sufficiently widely used that the Inhalation Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology elected to develop this document to summarize some key issues concerning the use of this exposure procedure. Although there are distinct differences in the distribution, clearance, and retention of materials when administered by instillation compared to inhalation, the former can be a useful and cost-effective procedure for addressing specific questions regarding the respiratory toxicity of chemicals, as long as certain caveats are clearly understood and certain guidelines are carefully followed.
Efficient water removal in lipase‐catalyzed esterifications using a low‐boiling‐point azeotrope (2002)

High conversions in lipase-catalyzed syntheses of esters from free acyl donors and an alcohol requires efficient removal of water preferentially at temperatures compatible to enzyme activity. Using a lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B)-mediated synthesis of sugar fatty-acid esters, we show that a mixture of ethyl methylketone (EMK) and hexane (best ratio: 4:1, vo/vo) allows efficient removal of water generated during esterification. Azeotropic distillation of the solvent mixture (composition: 26% EMK, 55% hexane, 19% water) takes place at 59°C, which closely matches the optimum temperature reported for CAL-B. Water is then removed from the azeotrope by membrane vapor permeation. In case of glucose stearate, 93% yield was achieved after 48 h using an equimolar ratio of glucose and stearic acid. CAL-B could be reused for seven reaction cycles, with 86% residual activity after 14 d total reaction time at 59°C. A decrease in fatty-acid chain length as well as increasing temperatures (75°C) resulted in lower conversions. In addition, immobilization of CAL-B on a magnetic polypropylene carrier (EP 100) facilitated separation of the biocatalyst. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 31–34, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10084
Automation in U.S. longwall coal mining: A state-of-the-art review (2019)

This paper reviews the development of U.S. longwall mining from an unknown to became the world standard in the past five decades with emphasis on automation. Large scale longwall face equipment were imported from Germany and United Kingdom to increase production in the 1970s and great effort was made to improve them to suit U.S. conditions, rather than domestic market. Automation began with the development of electrohydraulic shields in 1984 and continue to present. Introduction of first generation semi-automated longwall system occurred in 1995 and step-to-step improvement continues to present following the development of sensor technology and internet of things (IOT). Since then, emphasis on new development has been concentrated on the improvement of equipment reliability, miner’s health and safety as well as production, including dust control techniques, proximity sensor, anti-collision and remote control. Automation is classified into two categories: automation of individual face equipment and automation of longwall system. The automation development of longwall system is divided into three stages: shearer-initiated-shield-advance (SISA), semi-automated longwall system, and remote control shearer. Keywords: Longwall mining, Automation, Shield, Shearer, AFC
A Proactive Approach of Robotic Framework for Making Eye Contact with Humans (2014)

Making eye contact is a most important prerequisite function of humans to initiate a conversation with others. However, it is not an easy task for a robot to make eye contact with a human if they are not facing each other initially or the human is intensely engaged his/her task. If the robot would like to start communication with a particular person, it should turn its gaze to that person and make eye contact with him/her. However, such a turning action alone is not enough to set up an eye contact phenomenon in all cases. Therefore, the robot should perform some stronger actions in some situations so that it can attract the target person before meeting his/her gaze. In this paper, we proposed a conceptual model of eye contact for social robots consisting of two phases: capturing attention and ensuring the attention capture. Evaluation experiments with human participants reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in four viewing situations, namely, central field of view, near peripheral field of view, far peripheral field of view, and out of field of view.
Almost sure convergence analysis of autoregressive spectral estimation in additive noise (1991)

The almost sure convergence properties of autoregressive spectral estimates from noisy observations are derived. Sharp rates of almost sure convergence are established for the estimates of the autoregressive parameters, innovation variance, and spectral density function of the signal process. The distributions of the signal and noise processes are arbitrary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mammalian Viruses and Rickettsiae (1958)

Techniques of column chromatography with cellulose ion exchangers have been successfully applied to mammalian viruses and rickettsiae. Recovery of virus is excellent, and appreciable purification in terms of phosphorus and protein removal has been demonstrated. Elution characteristics of poliovirus (types 1, 2, and 3), and Coxsackie A9 virus are similar, whereas those of ECHO-13 and Colorado tick fever differ from them as well as from each other. Elution diagrams of preparations of ECHO-13 and polio 2 viruses grown on P(32)-labeled tissue cultures show a high degree of correlation between the distribution of titratable virus and the distribution of radioactivity. A single adsorption and elution of Q fever or epidemic typhus fever rickettsiae results in a striking degree of purification, as demonstrated by electron micrographs. The chromatographic behavior of the animal viruses and rickettsiae appears to depend more upon the chemical nature of the surfaces of these infectious agents than upon their size. The chromatographic procedure described may prove useful in the preparation of purified, P(32)-labeled, fully infectious animal viruses for further fundamental research. It may also prove useful for the removal of unwanted host materials in the preparation of vaccines.
Hybrid polymer-CdSe solar cells with a ZnO nanoparticle buffer layer for improved efficiency and lifetime (2011)

We report the use of a solution-processed ZnO nanoparticle buffer layer in hybrid solar cells based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and CdSe quantum dots. Depending on the size of the CdSe nanocrystal, these devices exhibit 20–70% higher photocurrent output than similar devices without the ZnO nanoparticle layer, which is attributed to a combination of electronic and optical effects. With negligible change in open-circuit voltage and a small increase in the fill factor, the power conversion efficiency of these P3HT : CdSe hybrid solar cells was increased by 30–80% with incorporation of the ZnO nanoparticle layer. The presence of the ZnO nanoparticle layer also drastically improves the stability of these hybrid solar cells. Less than 40% loss in efficiency was observed for such devices after 70 days of exposure to the laboratory ambient without any type of encapsulation.
pH-induced solubilization of minerals from casein micelles: influence of casein concentration and ionic strength (1999)

The concentrations of cations (calcium and magnesium) and anions (inorganic phosphate, citrate and chloride) have been determined during the acidification of casein micelle suspensions in the pH range 6·7–1·5. The effects of casein concentration (27, 55, 83 and 144 g/kg) and ionic strength (0, 10 and 20 g/kg NaCl added) were investigated. Acidification resulted in solubilization of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and citrate ions. However, the solubilization curves were different and depended on the casein concentration. Increasing ionic strength by adding NaCl had no effect on acid-induced mineral solubilization. These results were compared with those obtained during milk acidification and discussed in relation to the mineral solubilization that occurs during curd acidification in cheese manufacture.
Reactive outdiffusion of contaminants from (AlGa)As laser facets (1983)

We report improved overcoating adhesion and reduction of facet contaminants by predeposition of a 20–50-Å layer of metallic Al onto cleaved GaAlAs 〈110〉 and GaAs 〈110〉 mirror facets. Electrical, adhesive, and Auger measurements show impurity outdiffusion from the facet into the Al interlayer. This procedure reduces the oxygen by at least a factor of 5 by gettering contaminants from the facet as effectively as ion beam milling, without producing (AlGa)As surface nonstoichiometry inherent in the sputtering process.
MPB: A modified Poisson blending technique (2015)

Image cloning has many useful applications, such as removing unwanted objects, fixing damaged parts of images, and panorama stitching. Instead of using pixel intensities, the gradient domain is used in Poisson image editing; however, it suffers from two main problems: color bleeding and bleeding artifacts. In this paper, a modified Poisson blending (MPB) technique is presented which ensures dependency on the boundary pixels of both target and source images rather than just those of the target. The problem of bleeding artifacts is reduced. This makes the proposed technique suitable for use in video compositing as it avoids the flickering caused by bleeding artifacts. To reduce the problem of color bleeding, we use an additional alpha compositing step. Our experimental results using the proposed technique show that MPB reduces the bleeding problems and generates more natural composited images than other techniques.
Chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of Cannabis of different origins: Part I. (1988)

High-resolution capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry (GC and GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to establish complex chemical profiles (chemical signatures) of Cannabis samples of known origin. Over 100 compounds could be differentiated, including noncannabinoids (terpenes, alkanes) as well as minor and major cannabinoids and their acids. A characteristic peak pattern was found within a limited number of specimens of identical origin. Correlation studies on the basis of peak area ratios [A(x)/A(i.s.)] showed the feasibility of tracing Cannabis chemically to its country of origin. Several forensic science applications for the chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of confiscated Cannabis samples are discussed, such as detection of additives (phencyclidine), differentiation of chemotypes, and monitoring of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potency.
Influence of the sulfonate countercation on the thermal stability of nafion perfluorosulfonate membranes (1993)

Abstract We report a strong dependence of the thermal stability of Nafion® perfluorosulfonate ionomer on the nature of the counterion associated with the fixed sulfonate site. These results were obtained using thermal gravimetric analysis on a series of alkali metal and alkyl ammonium cation‐exchanged Nafion films. We have found that the temperature of decomposition of Nafion is inversely dependent on the size of the exchanged cation; i.e., Nafion films show improved thermal stability as the size of the counter cation decreases. We attribute this inverse relationship of thermal stability with counterion size to an initial decomposition reaction which is strongly influenced by the strength of the sulfonate‐coun‐terion interaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A multimode digital detector readout for solid-state medical imaging detectors (1998)

A multipurpose digital detector readout for medical imaging applications is presented. The readout is capable of measuring both current and charge, allowing a single detector array to perform imaging functions previously accomplished with two separate machines. The circuit employs a variable rate /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to measure current over a 130-dB dynamic range in a 1 kHz band and resolve charge pulses down to 360 e/sup -/ at 100 000 events/s. Detector currents of up to 7 /spl mu/A and charge pulses as large as 25 fC can be measured. A low-noise charge sensing amplifier (CSA) is combined with digital pulse shaping to optimize the noise performance and flexibility of the charge measurements. Fabricated in an 1.2 /spl mu/m complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), the circuit occupies 1.5 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 11 mW/channel from a 5 V supply.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Knockdown in Carcinoma‐Associated Fibroblasts Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via Downregulating MCP‐1/CCL2 Expression (2014)

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of CAFs on OSCC cells and to explore the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in this process. The results showed that oral CAFs expressed a higher level of FAK than normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and the conditioned medium (CM) of CAFs could induce the invasion and migration of SCC-25, one oral squamous carcinoma cell line. However, knockdown of FAK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in inhibition of CAF-CM induced cell invasion and migration in SCC-25, probably by reducing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), one of downstream target chemokines. Therefore, our findings indicated that targeting FAK in CAFs might be a promising strategy for the treatment of OSCC in the future.
Separation of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds from Wastewater Using Surfactant Aggregates on Alumina Particles (1992)

The adsorption of several hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) from water on alumina surfaces modified by the presence of surfactant “hemi-micelles” is discussed. The solubilisation of HOCs in hemi-micelles provides a convenient way of concentrating them on a solid substrate that can be subsequently regenerated with a minimum effort such as a change of pH since the formation and dissipation of hemi-micelles is a function of pH. Adsorption studies showed that the partition constants of HOCs with hemi-micelles of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate) on alumina can be predicted from a knowledge of their octanol-water partition constants.
High-Yielding Rotaxane Synthesis with an Anion Template (1999)

An electrophile caught like a mouse in a trap! An anionic stopper-wheel complex acts as a supramolecular nucleophile in an almost quantitative synthesis of a phenyl ether rotaxane. The electrophilic semiaxle has to thread through the macrocycle in order to contact the bulky phenolate group that is positioned on the other side, and probably tightly held in place by hydrogen bonds.