gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
676. Diffuse reflexion spectra of dairy products in the near infra-red region (1957)

A method for the study of the diffuse reflexion spectra of dairy products in the near infrared region has been described. It has been shown that in this region of the spectrum, the reflexion method gives better results than the transmission method for butter and dried milk products. The effects of homogenization on milk spectra have been studied, and also the effects of temperature and mechanical working on the spectrum of butter have been considered. Assignments have been made for the bands observed in the dried milk spectra and the effects of moisture and other factors on the spectra of dried materials have been briefly studied.
Implementing Network Attack Detection with a Novel NSSA Model Based on Knowledge Graphs (2020)

With the rapid development of networks, cyberspace security is facing increasingly severe challenges. Traditional alert aggregation process and alert correlation analysis process are susceptible to a large amount of redundancy and false alerts. To tackle the challenge, this paper proposes a network security situational awareness model KG-NSSA (Knowledge-Graph-based NSSA) based on knowledge graphs. This model provides an asset-based network security knowledge graph construction scheme. Based on the network security knowledge graph, a solution is provided for the classic problem in the field of network security situational awareness - network attack scenario discovery. The asset-based network security knowledge graph combines the asset information of the monitored network and fully considers the monitoring of network traffic. The attack scenario discovery according to the KG-NSSA model is to complete attack discovery and attack association through attribute graph mining and similarity calculation, which can effectively reflect specific network attack behaviors and mining attack scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the MIT DARPA2000 data set. Our work provides a new approach for network security situational awareness.
Research Note: Effect of Fluorescent Light on Hatchability of Commercial Broiler Parent Stock Eggs and on Body Weight of Chickens Hatched Under Large-Scale Commercial Conditions (1989)

Two experiments involving 11,400 commercial broiler parent stock hatching eggs of varying sizes, ages, and arrangements during incubation were conducted to investigate the effect of fluorescent light (FL) on hatchability and on body weight at hatch. In Experiment 1, there were two trials for a total of 10 incubation trays (units) for lighted treatment as well as the control (nonlighted). All eggs within a trial were laid the same day and were of the same size. Incubation units (150 eggs/unit) of each trial were distributed randomly in the lighted or nonlighted incubators. Experiment 2 used larger sized eggs that were collected for 4 consecutive days to make four independent age groups. Treatment units were positioned on the same level of incubators for lighted and nonlighted groups. In both experiments the only difference between lighted, which extended for 18 days, and nonlighted treatments was the installation of two cool white 40 W fluorescent tubes positioned at the ceiling of the illuminated incubators. After 18 days of incubation, incubated trays were transferred to hatching compartments either distributed randomly in the same hatcher (Experiment 1) or positioned as they were in the incubator (Experiment 2). No significant differences (P greater than .05) in hatchability or body weight at hatch were found between the light treatment and the control.
Biochemical and Molecular Inhibition of Plastidial Carbonic Anhydrase Reduces the Incorporation of Acetate into Lipids in Cotton Embryos and Tobacco Cell Suspensions and Leaves (2002)

Two cDNAs encoding functional carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes were recently isolated from a non-photosynthetic, cotyledon library of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings with putative plastid-targeting sequences (GenBank accession nos. AF132854 and AF132855). Relative CA transcript abundance and enzyme activity increased 9 and 15 times, respectively, in cotton embryos during the maximum period of reserve oil accumulation. Specific sulfonamide inhibitors of CA activity significantly reduced the rate of [(14)C]acetate incorporation into total lipids in cotton embryos in vivo, and in embryo plastids in vitro, suggesting a role for CA in plastid lipid biosynthesis. CA inhibitors did not affect acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity or total storage protein synthesis. Similar results were obtained for two other plant systems: cell suspensions (and isolated plastids therefrom) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and chloroplasts isolated from leaves of transgenic CA antisense-suppressed tobacco plants (5% of wild-type CA activity). In addition, tobacco cell suspensions treated with the CA inhibitor ethoxyzolamide showed a substantial loss of CO(2) compared with controls. The rate of [(14)C]acetate incorporation into lipid in cell suspensions was reduced by limiting external [CO(2)] (scrubbed air), and this rate was further reduced in the presence of ethoxyzolamide. Together, these results indicate that a reduction of CA activity (biochemical or molecular inhibition) impacts the rate of plant lipid biosynthesis from acetate, perhaps by impairing the ability of CA to efficiently "trap" inorganic carbon inside plastids for utilization by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and the fatty acid synthesis machinery.
The chromaffin granule and synaptic vesicle amine transporters differ in substrate recognition and sensitivity to inhibitors. (1994)

Classical studies using bovine chromaffin granules have defined the physiologic and pharmacologic properties of the vesicular amine transporter that packages monoamine transmitters into intracellular vesicles for subsequent regulated release. The recent isolation of two distinct but closely related cDNA clones encoding vesicular amine transport suggests that the activity expressed in the brain (synaptic vesicle amine transporter or SVAT) may differ significantly from the previously described adrenal gland activity (chromaffin granule amine transporter or CGAT). A direct comparison of the two transporters now shows that SVAT has a higher affinity than CGAT for monoamine substrates, in particular for histamine. In addition, SVAT shows approximately 10-fold greater sensitivity to tetrabenazine than CGAT. [3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine shows no detectable binding to CGAT but does bind to SVAT, accounting for the differential sensitivity. Furthermore, methamphetamine preferentially inhibits transport by SVAT relative to CGAT, apparently by competing at the site of amine recognition rather than by disrupting the vesicular pH gradient. These previously unsuspected differences in the storage of monoamine transmitter in the central nervous system and the adrenal gland may help to account for several classic pharmacological observations.
New Sign Hadamard-γ-Haar-χ Transform in Ternary Communication System (2005)

The application of a novel sign Hadamard-γ-Haar- χ transform in designing a digital communication system is considered. The nonlinear transform converts binary/ternary vectors into digital spectral domain and is invertible. With its unique and isomorphic properties, the sign Hadamard-γ-Haar- χ transform is suitable for security coding in a communication system. Ternary amplitude frequency shift keying is proposed for the implementation of the system. Power spectral density of the resultant signalling is formulated and analyzed. The non-coherent receiver is designed and proposed as a ternary communication system. New transform is extremely effective in terms of computational costs when compared with known sign Walsh transform in application inside ternary communication system.
Large Amplitude Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons Are of Mossy Fiber Origin (1997)

Neonatal (P0) gamma-irradiation was used to lesion selectively the mossy fiber (MF) synaptic input to CA3 pyramidal cells. This lesion caused a > 85% reduction in the MF input as determined by quantitative assessment of the number of dynorphin immunoreactive MF boutons. The gamma-irradiation lesion caused a reduction in the mean number of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) recorded from CA3 pyramidal cells (2,292 vs. 1,429/3-min period; n = 10). The lesion also caused a reduction in the mean mEPSC peak amplitude from 19.1 +/- 0.45 to 14.6 +/- 0.49 pA (mean +/- SE; peak conductance 238.8 +/- 5.6 to 182.0 +/- 6.1 pS). Similarly, there was a reduction in the mean 10-85% rise time from 1.72 +/- 0.02 ms to 1.42 +/- 0.04 ms. The effects of the gamma-irradiation on both mEPSC amplitude and 10-85% rise time were significant at P < 0.002 and P < 0.005 (2-tailed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Based on the selectively of the gamma-irradiation, MF and non-MF mEPSC amplitude and 10-85% rise-time distributions were calculated. Both the amplitude and 10-85% rise-time distributions showed extensive overlap between the MF and non-MF mediated mEPSCs. The MF mEPSC distributions had a mean peak amplitude of 24.6 pA (307.5 pS) and a mean 10-85% rise time of 2.16 ms. THe non-MF mEPSC distributions had a mean peak amplitude of 12.2 pA (152.5 pS) and 10-85% rise time of 1.26 ms. The modes of the amplitude distributions were the same at 5 pA (62 pS). The MF and non-MF mEPSC amplitude and 10-85% rise-time distributions were significantly different at P << 0.001 (1-tailed, large sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The data demonstrate that the removal of the MF synaptic input to CA3 pyramidal cells leads to the absence of the large amplitude mEPSCs that are present in control recordings.
Deployment of DNIDS in Social Networks (2007)

Internet users form social networks as they communicate with each other. Computer worms and viruses exploit these social networks in order to propagate to other users. In this paper we present a new framework aimed at slowing down or even preventing the propagation of computer worms and viruses in social networks. In the first part of the framework a social network has to be derived for a given community of users. In the second part the group of users that have the highest influence on the communication in the social network has to be located. The group betweenness centrality measure is used to evaluate the influence of each candidate group. In the third part we analyze the threat propagation in the social network assuming that a distributed network intrusion detection system (DNIDS) is monitoring the traffic of the group. The analysis is performed using a network simulator that was developed for this purpose. In the fourth part a DNIDS has to be deployed on a range of ISPs in order to monitor and clean the traffic of the users belonging to the central group. We applied the new framework by deriving the social network of 1000 students, finding the most influential group of users, and analyzing the influence of the deployment of DNIDS using a simulation tool. The simulation results demonstrated the framework's ability to slow down or even prevent the propagation of threats by cleaning the traffic of central group of users.
Recent developments in combining LODESR imaging with proton NMR imaging (1998)

We have designed and constructed RF coil assemblies and the appropriate instrumentation for combining proton NMR imaging with LODESR imaging. This has enabled us to collect sequential images from the same sample using both methods. The coil assembly consists of a crossed ellipse coil for LODESR and proton NMR signal detection and a saddle coil for excitation of the ESR resonance. Images have been collected of phantoms containing copper sulphate and Tempol solutions. NMR images were collected (4.3 min) and within 30 s LODESR data collection started (collection time 2.5 min). Only the Tempol solutions are visible in the LODESR images.
ChemInform Abstract: 5,15‐Bis(8‐quinolyl)‐ and 5,15‐Bis(2‐pyridyl)octaethylporphyrin. Preparation, Stabilities of Atropisomers, and Metal‐Ion Binding Properties. (1987)

Abstract The dipyrrolylmethane (I) is coupled with the hetarylaldehydes (II) and (IV), yielding the porphyrins (III) and (V).
In Vitro Survival and Multiplication of Chicken Myeloblasts Promoted for Several Weeks by Chick Embryo Extract (1995)

Growth of hemopoietic cells from chick embryonic aorta, spleen, and bone marrow was obtained in a serum-free culture medium containing 10-d-old chick embryo extract. When cells were cultured in semi-solid medium (plasma clot), they proliferated and differentiated to generate colonies committed to the granuloid or erythroid lineage. Mixed colonies composed either of granulocytes and macrophages or granulocytes and erythroblasts were also obtained. In addition, two different types of colonies composed of immature cells (blast cells) could be distinguished by the size of the cells. These colonies were composed of larger cells originating from the more immature progenitors, because they developed after a longer incubation period. Growth of bone marrow cells up to 3 wk in liquid culture was also obtained in the serum-free culture supplemented with chick embryo extract. These cells retained a very immature phenotype and the ability to differentiate when reseeded in an appropriate medium. These results indicate for the first time that chick embryo extracts contain hematopoietic growth factors that are active in differentiation and proliferation of chick hematopoietic cells.
Noncontact measurement of high-temperature surface tension and viscosity of bulk metallic glass-forming alloys using the drop oscillation technique (2004)

High-temperature surface tension and viscosities for five bulk metallic glass-forming alloys with widely different glass-forming abilities are measured. The measurements are carried out in a high-vacuum electrostatic levitator using the drop oscillation technique. The surface tension follows proportional mathematical addition of pure components’ surface tension except when some of the constituent elements have much lower surface tension. In such cases, there is surface segregation of the low surface tension elements. These alloys are found to have orders of magnitude higher viscosity at their melting points compared to the constituent metals. Among the bulk glass-forming alloys, the better glass former has a higher melting-temperature viscosity, which demonstrates that high-temperature viscosity has a pronounced influence on glass-forming ability. Correlations between surface tension and viscosity are also investigated.
Ultrasonographic Breast Imaging using Full Angle Spatial Compounding (FASC): In-vivo evaluations (2008)

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Mammography is considered the "gold standard" in detecting even small cancers, leading to identification of early-stage breast cancers. Despite this, mammography has substantial disadvantages such as moderate sensitivity ranging from 69–90%, radiation risk and further diminished sensitivity in radiographically dense breasts. Apart from mammography, ultrasound examination is being offered as the most important adjunct to the preoperative diagnostic work-up. However, ultrasound is operator-dependent, has a variable false-positive rate and the examination technique is not standardized. Furthermore, ultrasound shadowing as well as minimal or absent contrast between echolucent breast cancer and echolucent fatty tissue may hamper a clear delineation of the lesion. Due to this, the extent and 3D-geometry of the cancer may be difficult to determine. In order to overcome those limitations we developed a system for Full Angle Spatial Compounding (FASC). Here, ultrasound data are acquired from multiple viewing angles around the breast and superimposed with respect to its correct orientation. Though FASC has already been investigated in the 1980s, recent improvements in ultrasound imaging (e.g. harmonic imaging, beam forming and array technology) encourage a re-assessment. Using our system a standardized image generation is realized and compound images of high quality are computed in a cross-sectional view.
eNOS G894T Polymorphism and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2009)

The current study, in a small group of participants, showed a relationship between eNOS G894T polymorphism and AAA.
A Collaborative Service Management Information System for Notebook Computer Maintenance (2003)

In recent years, due to the increasing needs for information related products in daily life, the information and communication industry is in full flourish. In Taiwan, competition on hardware products has shifted from price and quality to after-sale and maintenance services. If the manufacturer could collaborate with commercial links of the purchaser, supplier, logistic partners and financial service providers, the integral work efficiency would be improved dramatically. The introduction of collaboration commerce through the Internet platform into after-sale maintenance would lead to faster response for customers, to share the component resources in the dealer’s maintenance center and to obtain a better marketing analysis of maintenance cases for the manufacturer. Through interview of notebook PC maintenance agents, functional demands and required process of collaborative maintenance are sorted out in this research. IDEF0 is used to describe the framework of the system. A prototype system is then constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the research methodology. The system is finally validated by maintenance agents in practice.
Basal Cell Skin Cancer, Version 1.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (2016)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common cancer, with a higher incidence than all other malignancies combined. Although it is rare to metastasize, patients with multiple or frequently recurring BCC can suffer substantial comorbidity and be difficult to manage. Assessment of risk is a key element of management needed to inform treatment selection. The overall management of BCC primarily consists of surgical approaches, with radiation therapy as an alternate or adjuvant option. Many superficial therapies for BCC have been explored and continue to be developed, including topicals, cryosurgery, and photodynamic therapy. Two hedgehog pathway inhibitors were recently approved by the FDA for systemic treatment of advanced and metastatic BCC, and others are in development. The NCCN Guidelines for Basal Cell Skin Cancer, published in full herein, include recommendations for selecting among the various surgical approaches based on patient-, lesion-, and disease-specific factors, as well as guidance on when to use radiation therapy, superficial therapies, and hedgehog pathway inhibitors.
186Re-labeled monoclonal antibody E48 immunoglobulin G-mediated therapy of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. (1993)

In our laboratory, a solid-phase synthesis of 186Re-mercaptoacetyltriglycine for reproducible and aseptic production of stable 186Re-monoclonal antibody conjugates was recently developed. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) E48 IgG, when labeled with 99mTc according to the same labeling procedure, was recently shown to be highly capable of detecting recurrent and metastatic disease in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In the present study, MAb E48 was labeled with 186Re and tested for its capacity to eradicate established human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts growing s.c. in nude mice. Experimental groups received a single bolus injection of 200 [number of mice (n) = 6, number of tumors (t) = 11], 400 (n = 6, t = 11), 500 (n = 6, t = 12), or 600 (n = 5, t = 9) microCi 186Re-labeled MAb E48 IgG; control animals were given diluent (n = 4, t = 8). In the 200 microCi group, 5 of 11 tumors showed regression while the remaining tumors showed a decreased growth rate. In the other treatment groups, all tumors regressed. In all treatment groups, remissions were observed (no regrowth within 4 months after injection). The number of remissions in the 200, 400, 500, and 600 microCi group were 2 of 11 (18.2%), 3 of 11 (27.3%), 6 of 12 (50%), and 3 of 9 tumors (33.3%), respectively. In comparison with the median tumor volume doubling time of the controls, the tumor volume doubling time in the remaining tumors in the groups receiving 200, 400, 500, or 600 microCi was increased 5.5-, 7.8-, 8.7-, and 11.3-fold, respectively. Dosimetry was based on the biodistribution of 200 microCi 186Re-labeled MAb E48 IgG. In the group receiving 600 microCi, the absorbed cumulative radiation dose was 3432 cGy for tumor and 1356 cGy for blood. In other tissues, the accumulated dose was < 17% of the dose delivered to tumor. The whole-body dose was 11-fold lower than the dose delivered to tumor. Apparent toxicity was limited to weight loss, which did not exceed 12% and which returned to control levels within 2 weeks. No treatment-related deaths occurred. These data suggest radioimmunotherapy with 186Re-labeled MAb E48 IgG to be a feasible approach for the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Optimization of Propafenone Analogues as Antimalarial Leads (2011)

Propafenone, a class Ic antiarrythmic drug, inhibits growth of cultured Plasmodium falciparum. While the drug's potency is significant, further development of propafenone as an antimalarial would require divorcing the antimalarial and cardiac activities as well as improving the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. A small array of propafenone analogues was designed and synthesized to address the cardiac ion channel and PK liabilities. Testing of this array revealed potent inhibitors of the 3D7 (drug sensitive) and K1 (drug resistant) strains of P. falciparum that possessed significantly reduced ion channel effects and improved metabolic stability. Propafenone analogues are unusual among antimalarial leads in that they are more potent against the multidrug resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum compared to the 3D7 strain.
Characterization of a transferrin-independent uptake system for iron in HeLa cells. (1990)

HeLa cells incubated in serum-free medium accumulated 59Fe ("non-transferrin iron") when incubated with either 59Fe-citrate, 59Fe-nitrilotriacetate, or 59Fe dissolved in Tricine ascorbate. Accumulation of iron was time-, concentration-, and Ca2+-dependent and was saturable. Uptake of non-transferrin (non-Tf) iron was transferrin-independent because of the fact that uptake occurred at pH 5.5, a pH at which transferrin binds iron poorly and at which transferrin is not internalized by cells. Uptake of non-Tf iron was less affected than uptake of transferrin iron by 1) exposure of cells to trypsin, a maneuver that cleaves Tf receptors, or 2) incubation of cells with phenylarsine oxide, an agent that inhibits both fluid- and receptor-mediated internalization. After exposure of cells to non-Tf iron at 37 degrees C, most of the cell-associated radioactivity was recovered in heme and ferritin, demonstrating that iron gained access to intracellular compartments and was not simply adsorbed to the cell surface. Uptake of non-Tf iron could be partially blocked by Cu2+ in a dose-dependent manner, while the accumulation of transferrin-bound iron was unaffected by Cu2+. Other transition metals, such as Zn2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ were able to inhibit the uptake of non-Tf iron to different degrees. The accumulation of 109Cd was inhibited by incubation of cells with non-Tf iron, Cu2+, or Mn2+. The extent of inhibition was concentration- and metal-dependent. A number of cultured cell lines including HeLa, human skin fibroblasts, and Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrated uptake of non-Tf iron and 109Cd. Additionally, an endosome acidification mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells, which exhibited an increase in non-Tf iron uptake, also exhibited an increase in the uptake of Cd2+. These observations suggest that the characteristics of the non-Tf iron transport system in HeLa cells are similar if not identical to those reported for perfused rat liver (Wright, T. L., Brissot, P., Ma, W.-L., and Weisiger, P. A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10909-10914) and suggest the existence of a family of transition metal transport systems, each with a different metal specificity.