gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation into fuzzy regions using topographic distance (2002)

This paper exposes an algorithm which leads to a fuzzy segmentation. This algorithm performs, as in the watershed method, a progressive flood of the gradient image from pixels of lowest gradients. It uses a new distance, called topographic distance. Any local minimum of the gradient norm image constitutes a seed for the region growing, avoiding the use of a marker image. These seeds constitute the cores of the initial fuzzy regions. Then the sites are gradually agglomerated to the region, while their membership degrees to the region decrease, according to the distance to the core and to the gradient norms, by the way of the topographic distance. The numerous fuzzy regions are then merged and the membership degrees of pixels to final regions are computed. Applications concern crisp segmentation of colour or gray scale images and pattern recognition from fuzzy regions.
New input/output designs for high speed static CMOS RAM (1979)

New input and output schematics and optimum design for cell and array are proposed, and applied to a 256/spl times/4 bit CMOS static RAM. Simplified decoder circuit with effective decoder control circuit has a high speed and a wide timing margin. Simple sense amplifier and compact output circuit bring higher speed and reduction in pattern area. Using p-channel transfer gate for memory cell and array, the switching speed and operational stability are much improved. The device is fabricated by 5 /spl mu/m layout rule Si-gate CMOS technology. An 80 ns access time and 100 ns minimum cycle time are acquired at 5 V supply. Power dissipation is less than 7.5 mW at 1 MHz operation.
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine: Residency training[mdash ]the year 2000☆ (2002)

Anesthesiology training programs now appear to provide a satisfactory exposure to regional anesthesia for a majority of resident trainees, although 40% of residents may still be deficient in nerve block anesthesia. The growth in the use of regional anesthesia during residency has plateaued over the past decade, but the discrepancy between individual resident experience has improved.
Mapping of an adenovirus function involved in the inhibition of DNA degradation (1982)

A function involved in the inhibition of DNA degradation has been assigned through complementation tests to a product of region E1b of the adenovirus genome (between 4.5 and 10.5 map units). DNA degradation induced by the adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) cyt mutant H12cyt70 and the Ad5 early deletion mutant dl313 (with the deletion between 3.5 and 10.7 map units) was inhibited by coinfection with Ad5 region E1a (between 0 and 4.5 map units) mutants dl312 and hr1 and region E1b mutant hr6. The defect of inhibition of DNA degradation in Ad5 dl313 was also complemented in 293 cells. This DNase-inhibitory function does not appear to involve polypeptide IX or the 58,000-dalton polypeptide. Wild-type Ad12 induced DNA degradation in hamster embryo cells, suggesting that the DNase-inhibitory function is not expressed in these nonpermissive cells. Additional evidence suggests the involvement of a second viral product which positively influences the DNase activity and which appears to be an early function.
Four-Center Type Photopolymerization in the Solid State (1969)

R-CH=CH-Ar-CH=CH-R (ここでRは芳香環, カルボキシル基, またはその誘導体残基を示す) の一般式で表わされるジオレフィン化合物の結晶状態での紫外-可視光照射による重合性を検討した。その結果, 主鎖にシクロブタンを持つ新しいタイプの高分子量線状ポリマーが高収率で多数合成された。検討した化合物の範囲内で, 固相反応でも, モノオレフィン化合物の2量化反応をジオレフィン化合物の線状ポリマー合成に拡張できることを実証した。動力学的検討から, 重合反応は逐次過程により進行することがわかった。また, 結晶解析の結果から, この反応はモノマー結晶内での分子配列に完全に支配され, かつモノマー結晶からポリマー結晶への直接的転移による, 従来に例のない新しいタイプのTopochemical polymerizationであることが明らかとなった。また, 照射光の波長規制により, オリゴマーの選択的生成や溶液重合も可能であることがわかった。生成ポリマーのすべては高融点 (300～420℃), 高結晶性であるが, その結晶は溶解後は再生されない。ポリマーについて, 耐酸化性, 耐加水分解性, 熱的挙動, 動的粘弾性, 誘電的性質などの諸物性や若干の溶液物性も検討した。
Flexible transcription alignment (2002)

Presents a set of techniques that we employed in our Janus Recognition Toolkit (JRTk) Switchboard and CallHome recognizer in order to deal with imperfections in the transcriptions: inconsistent transcription of pronunciations and contractions, as well as errors in utterance segmentations. These techniques consist of a dynamic, speaking-mode-dependent pronunciation model and a flexible utterance alignment procedure which is based on speaker-adapted models (label boosting). The idea is (a) to automatically retranscribe the training corpus based on these models and procedures, (b) to train a recognizer based on these flexible transcription graphs, and (c) to decode with a dynamic speaking-mode-dependent dictionary. The framework is successfully applied to increase the performance of our state-of-the-art JRTk Switchboard recognizer significantly.
The atlas of North American English: phonetics, phonology and sound change: a multimedia reference tool (2006)

The Atlas of North American English provides the first overall view of the pronunciation and vowel systems of the dialects of the U.S. and Canada. The Atlas re-defines the regional dialects of American English on the basis of sound changes active in the 1990s and draws new boundaries reflecting those changes. It is based on a telephone survey of 762 local speakers, representing all the urbanized areas of North America. It has been developed by Bill Labov, one of the leading sociolinguists of the world, together with his colleagues Sharon Ash and Charles Boberg. The Atlas consists of a printed volume accompanied by an interactive CD-ROM. The print and multimedia content is alsoavailable online. Combined Edition: Book and Multimedia CD-ROM The printed volume contains 23 chapters that re-define the geographic boundaries of North American dialects and trace the influence of gender, age, education, and city size on the progress of sound change; findings that show a dramatic and increasing divergence of English in North America; 139 four color maps that illustrate the regional distribution of phonological and phonetic variables across the North American continent; 120 four color vowel charts of individual speakers. The interactive multimedia CD-ROM supplements the printed articles and maps by providing a data base with measurements of more than 100,000 vowels and mean values for 439 speakers; the Plotnik program for mapping each of the individual vowel systems; extended sound samples of all North American dialects; interactive applications to enhance classroom presentations. Online only Version: Print and Multimedia Content The online only version offers simultaneous access to the print and multimedia content to all users in the university/library network; presents a wider selection of interactive data, maps, and audio samples that will be recurrently updated; provides students with concurrent access to research material for classroom assignments. Key Features: a multimedia reference tool, overthrows previously heldhypothesesin North American dialectology, sound samples on CD-ROM easily accessible through clearly designedinteractive maps. System Requirements for CD-ROM and Online only version: Windows PC: Pentium PC, Windows 9x, NT, or XP, at least 16MB RAM, CD-ROM Drive, 16 Bit Soundcard, SVGA (600 x 800 resolution). Apple MAC: OS 6 or higher, 16 Bit Soundcard, at least 16MB RAM. Supported Browsers: Internet Explorer, 5.5 or 6 (Mac OS: Internet Explorer 5.1)/Netscape 7.x or higher/Mozilla 1.0 or higher/Mozilla Firefox 1.0 or higher. PlugIns: Macromedia Flash Player 6/Acrobat Reader.
Clasification Of Arrhythmic ECG Data Using Machine Learning Techniques (2011)

In this paper we proposed a automated Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based classification system for cardiac arrhythmia using multi-channel ECG recordings. In this study, we are mainly interested in producing high confident arrhythmia classification results to be applicable in diagnostic decision support systems. Neural network model with back propagation algorithm is used to classify arrhythmia cases into normal and abnormal classes. Networks models are trained and tested for MIT-BIH arrhythmia. The differen structures of ANN have been trained by mixture of arrhythmic and non arrhythmic data patient. The classification performance is evaluated using measures; sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy, mean squared error (MSE), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under curve (AUC). Our experimental results gives 96.77% accuracy on MIT-BIH database and 96.21% on database prepared by including NSR database also.
<b>Studies on Polynucleotides. XXV.</b><sup>1</sup> <b>The Stepwise Synthesis of Specific Deoxyribopolynucleotides (5).</b><sup>1</sup> <b>Further Studies on the Synthesis of Internucleotide Bond by the Carbodiimide Method. The Synthesis of Suitably Protected Dinucleotides as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Higher Oligonucleotides</b><sup>3</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. XXV.1The Stepwise Synthesis of Specific Deoxyribopolynucleotides (5).1Further Studies on the Synthesis of Internucleotide Bond by the Carbodiimide Method. The Synthesis of Suitably Protected Dinucleotides as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Higher Oligonucleotides3H. Schaller and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 23, 3828–3835Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00906a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00906a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MACBeth: A Multi-Agent Constraint-Based Planner (2000)

MACBETH is a constraint-based tactical planning engine for multi-agent teams. MACBETH is designed for domains in which a human user must quickly specify a mission to a team of autonomous agents. In these domains, puzzle-mode thinking to come up with novel plans is not important; the key task is to rapidly and accurately tailor existing plans to novel situations. To this end, MACBETH combines hierarchical task network planning with modern constraint reasoning techniques, into a mixed-initiative planning system. This mixed-initiative planning system is driven by a graphical user interface inspired by a playbook metaphor, to generate, check and modify plans for teams of heterogeneous agents. MACBETH has been tested in two robotics domains: Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) sorties and Tactical Mobile Robotics (TMR). MACBETH is designed for domains in which a human user must quickly, specify a mission to a team of autonomous agents. To do this, the user must be able to simply and easily specify a high-level play for the team to perform. The user must, however, be able to tailor this plan; completely automatic planning is not acceptable. In every tactical planning scenario, the human user brings context information to the planning process that is not directly available to the automation. For example, in the UCAV domain, the wing commander must identify the objective of the sortie. In some cases, the commander may want to add further restrictions on the behavior of the UCAVs. For example, he might indicate that the UCAV should circumnavigate airspace belonging to a noncombatant nation, or select a different attack formation based on his own skills and preferences. In tactical applications, the mission planning system must ensure that plans are feasible. An attempt by the user to specify an infeasible plan should be flagged by the planning algorithm as soon as possible, so that she can retract a decision or reconcile conflicting objectives early in the planning process. For example, in a UCAV domain, the commander might initially assign two widely separated reconnaissance targets to a single UCAV with insufficient fuel to reach both locations. The planner should identify the inconsistency quickly, ideallybefore it expands planning effort on plan details, such as determining final approach routes for the two targets, and immediately alert the user that she may need to modify her objectives or the allocation of her resources.
Assembly and Stability of the Shiga Toxins Investigated by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2009)

A systematic investigation into the assembly and stability of native and modified subunits of the Shiga toxins (Stx) in vitro is described. Analysis of the assembly of native and modified B subunits of Stx1 and Stx2 in solution, carried out using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS), suggests that the lower thermodynamic stability of the B subunit homopentamer of Stx2, compared to that of Stx1, is due to the presence of a repulsive interaction involving Asp70 of the Stx2 B subunit. In Stx1 B, the corresponding (spatially) residue is Arg. Using temperature-controlled ES-MS, it is shown that the Stx1 and Stx2 holotoxins exhibit differences in their resistance to temperature- and acid-induced dissociation. However, both Stx1 and Stx2 are fully assembled at pH >3.5 and 37 degrees C. This finding has several important biological implications. First, it argues against the likelihood that the difference in Stx1 and Stx2 toxicity arises from differential dissociation of the toxins during the intracellular trafficking steps of the cellular intoxication process. Second, it implies that the activation of the A subunits of Stx1 and Stx2 by enzymatic cleavage must occur while the A subunit is assembled with the B subunit homopentamer. It is, therefore, proposed that the differential toxicities of Stx1 and Stx2 reflect the relative efficiencies of intracellular activation of the A subunits.
Amorphous phenolphthalein‐based poly(arylene ether)‐ modified cyanate ester networks: Microwave processing (1997)

Toughenability of cyanate ester networks with reactive hydroxyl-functionalized phenolphthalein-based amorphous poly(arylene ether sulfone) thermoplastics, via conventional thermal curing, without a sacrifice in either the Tg or the moderately high modulus of the unmodified cyanate ester networks was already demonstrated. The present article investigated the rapid processing of unmodified and thermoplastic-modified cyanate ester networks utilizing microwave radiation. Controlled morphologies were generated by variations in both the rates of conversion and the thermoplastic compositions. Improved toughness can be achieved which can be coupled with significantly reduced curing times. The use of nonreactive modifiers resulted in macrophase separation in contrast to the well-defined morphologies of the reactive thermoplastic-modified networks. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 179–190, 1997
Markitup (2013)

People enjoy the sensual and physiological properties of physical books as well as the ease of creating bookmarks and annotations. However, an abundance of annotations can be distracting from the reading experience. With the introduction of e-books, sharing annotations has enabled reading to have a social context, which research has shown to benefit learning and understanding.
A 330 MHz 4-way superscalar microprocessor (2002)

This is a second-generation, highly-integrated superscalar processor implementing the Sparc V9 64b architecture. Performance is improved by increasing clock frequency and by improvements in the memory system. Clock rates up to 330 MHz are achieved. Microarchitecture improvements include a pre-fetch instruction, multiple outstanding block loads and stores, and support for a wide range of cache sizes and system frequencies. These result in improved computation, multimedia, and networking performance. This design is implemented on a 5-metal-layer, 0.35 /spl mu/m process.
Studies on Corticosteroid Therapy in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (1990)

We evaluated the significance of corticosteroid therapy on 47 new patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease examined in the Uveitis Survey Clinic of the Hokkaido University Hospital. All patients were treated with topical corticosteroids, with or without systemic corticosteroids. 18 patients received systemic corticosteroid as pulse therapy, 20 patients received high-dose corticosteroid starting with prednisolone 200 mg, 2 patients received conventional-dose corticosteroid and 7 patients received no systemic corticosteroid therapy. When we evaluated the results 6 months after the initiation of treatment, anterior chamber inflammation was significantly less in patients with pulse and high-dose corticosteroid therapy than in those without systemic corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, final visual acuity was significantly better in patients with pulse and high-dose corticosteroid than in those without them. However, there was no significant difference between patients with pulse therapy and those with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. The findings are in support of systemic corticosteroid therapy (pulse and high-dose) in the treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
Development of an in vivo glucosylation platform by coupling production to growth: Production of phenolic glucosides by a glycosyltransferase of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> (2015)

Glycosylation of small molecules can significantly alter their properties such as solubility, stability, and/or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive and highly demanded compounds. Consequently, many biotechnological glycosylation approaches have been developed, with enzymatic synthesis and whole-cell biocatalysis as the most prominent techniques. However, most processes still suffer from low yields, production rates and inefficient UDP-sugar formation. To this end, a novel metabolic engineering strategy is presented for the in vivo glucosylation of small molecules in Escherichia coli W. This strategy focuses on the introduction of an alternative sucrose metabolism using sucrose phosphorylase for the direct and efficient generation of glucose 1-phosphate as precursor for UDP-glucose formation and fructose, which serves as a carbon source for growth. By targeted gene deletions, a split metabolism is created whereby glucose 1-phosphate is rerouted from the glycolysis to product formation (i.e., glucosylation). Further, the production pathway was enhanced by increasing and preserving the intracellular UDP-glucose pool. Expression of a versatile glucosyltransferase from Vitis vinifera (VvGT2) enabled the strain to efficiently produce 14 glucose esters of various hydroxycinnamates and hydroxybenzoates with conversion yields up to 100%. To our knowledge, this fast growing (and simultaneously producing) E. coli mutant is the first versatile host described for the glucosylation of phenolic acids in a fermentative way using only sucrose as a cheap and sustainable carbon source.
The role of balloon help (1993)

Balloon Help, which is becoming standard in the Macintosh world, enables the user to display brief annotations of interface objects by passing the pointer (cursor) over those objects. This investigation explains the operation of Balloon Help, presents the theoretical and empirical rationale for Balloon Help, assesses its value in supporting both exploration of an interface and task-focused behavior, considers its relationship with other forms of help, and evaluates some possible modifications of Balloon Help. Balloon Help is viewed as a successful implementation of minimalist principles that nevertheless needs to be supplemented by other forms of documentation.
Micro-Brillouin Scattering Measurements in Mature and Newly Formed Bone Tissue Surrounding an Implant (2010)

The evolution of implant stability in bone tissue remains difficult to assess because remodeling phenomena at the bone-implant interface are still poorly understood. The characterization of the biomechanical properties of newly formed bone tissue in the vicinity of implants at the microscopic scale is of importance in order to better understand the osseointegration process. The objective of this study is to investigate the potentiality of micro-Brillouin scattering techniques to differentiate mature and newly formed bone elastic properties following a multimodality approach using histological analysis. Coin-shaped Ti-6Al-4V implants were placed in vivo at a distance of 200 μm from rabbit tibia leveled cortical bone surface, leading to an initially empty cavity of 200 μm×4.4 mm. After 7 weeks of implantation, the bone samples were removed, fixed, dehydrated, embedded in methyl methacrylate, and sliced into 190 μm thick sections. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were performed using a micro-Brillouin scattering device within regions of interest (ROIs) of 10 μm diameter. The ROIs were located in newly formed bone tissue (within the 200 μm gap) and in mature bone tissue (in the cortical layer of the bone sample). The same section was then stained for histological analysis of the mineral content of the bone sample. The mean values of the ultrasonic velocities were equal to 4.97×10(-3) m/s in newly formed bone tissue and 5.31×10(-3) m/s in mature bone. Analysis of variance (p=2.42×10(-4)) tests revealed significant differences between the two groups of measurements. The standard deviation of the velocities was significantly higher in newly formed bone than in mature bone. Histological observations allow to confirm the accurate locations of the velocity measurements and showed a lower degree of mineralization in newly formed bone than in the mature cortical bone. The higher ultrasonic velocity measured in newly formed bone tissue compared with mature bone might be explained by the higher mineral content in mature bone, which was confirmed by histology. The heterogeneity of biomechanical properties of newly formed bone at the micrometer scale may explain the higher standard deviation of velocity measurements in newly formed bone compared with mature bone. The results demonstrate the feasibility of micro-Brillouin scattering technique to investigate the elastic properties of newly formed bone tissue.
Solubility of gases in liquids. 14. Bunsen coefficients for several fluorine-containing gases (Freons) dissolved in water at 298.15 K (1982)

Bunsen coefficients of six Freon gases, of sulfur hexafluoride, and of argon dissolved in water were at 298.15 K. Two modifications of Scholander's microgasometric apparatus were used, and details of a new Improved version are given.