gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of grain boundary character in solute segregation and thermal stability of nanocrystalline Pt–Au (2021)

Nanocrystalline (NC) metals suffer from an intrinsic thermal instability; their crystalline grains undergo rapid coarsening during processing treatments or under service conditions. Grain boundary (GB) solute segregation has been proposed to mitigate grain growth and thermally stabilize the grain structures of NC metals. However, the role of GB character in solute segregation and thermal stability of NC metals remains poorly understood. Herein, we employ high resolution microscopy techniques, atomistic simulations, and theoretical analysis to investigate and characterize the impact of GB character on segregation behavior and thermal stability in a model NC Pt-Au alloy. High resolution electron microscopy along with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and automated crystallographic orientation mapping is used to obtain spatially correlated Pt crystal orientation, GB misorientation, and Au solute concentration data. Atomistic simulations of polycrystalline Pt-Au systems are used to reveal the plethora of GB segregation profiles as a function of GB misorientation and the corresponding impact on grain growth processes. With the aid of theoretical models of interface segregation, the experimental data for GB concentration profiles are used to extract GB segregation energies, which are then used to elucidate the impact of GB character on solute drag effects. Our results highlight the paramount role of GB character in solute segregation behavior. In broad terms, our approach provides future avenues to employ GB segregation as a microstructure design strategy to develop NC metallic alloys with tailored microstructures.
Grounding transformer application, modeling, and simulation (2008)

The grounding transformer is a transformer intended solely for establishing a neutral connection point on a three-phase ungrounded power system. The transformer is usually of the wye-delta or zig-zag transformer. This paper first reviews the state of the art of the grounding transformer to assist electric power engineers in the proper understanding of the use and applications of these devices, and then a zig-zag grounding transformer is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC simulator. After a 27.6 KV ungrounded three-phase transmission system is constructed, different scenarios are simulated and verified under different conditions with the connection of the grounding transformer.
Implementation of virtual time system for the distributed virtual machine monitor (2009)

In virtualization environment, time system is also a vital part of the whole system just as that in real computing environment. The system of distributed virtual machine monitor (DVMM) is designed to hide the lower distributed hardware resources with the virtualization technology and provide the feature of single system image (SSI) for the upper guest operating system (GOS) and applications. For the DVMM, we design and implement a virtual time system including four parts - keeping of physical time sources, the virtualization of time sources and timer interrupts, and the time synchronization in the VMM layer. This virtual time system not only correctly provides the complete time services for the GOS and user applications, but also properly manages the internal timekeeping to help the DVMM run on multi-machines and provide the feature of SSI to the upper software. With the technology of hardware assisted virtualization, this new virtual time system runs in the VMM layer instead of in user mode. By running the GOS and applications, we verify the functions of this virtual time system.
Observation of Cu<sup>2+</sup>–H<sub>2</sub> Interactions in a Fully Desolvated Sodalite‐Type Metal–Organic Framework (2007)

Metal–H2 binding: A new tetrazolate-based metal–organic framework exhibits high H2 uptake at low temperature and moderate pressure. The evacuation of coordinated solvent molecules from Cu2+ ions within the framework provides strong binding sites for H2 molecules (see picture; Cu purple, C gray, N blue, Cl green).
Nuclear Receptors as Targets for Drug Development: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mast Cells: Its Roles in Proliferation and Differentiation (2005)

Mast cells are derived from stem cells in bone marrow and their proliferation and differentiation are regulated by stimulation of stem cell factor derived from fibroblasts and/or IL-3 from T lymphocytes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and ligand-activated transcription factors. It has been reported that PPARgamma is expressed in mast cells, but its roles remain uncertain. Since mast cells produce and release prostaglandin D(2), which is metabolized to 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), a candidate for the endogenous PPARgamma agonist, mast cells play roles in inflammation and immunological response via the PPARgamma pathway. We will mainly discuss the contribution of PPARgamma to the proliferation and functions in murine cultured bone marrow derived mast cells.
A High-Yield Route to 2,5-Di-<i>n</i>-alkyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic Acids (1988)

A simple and inexpensive method for preparing the previously unknown 2,5-di-n-alkylterephthalic acids 5a-d in high yields is presented. The length of the alkyl chains can be varied easily (n = 6, 8, 12, 16).
Utilization of Cowpea (Vigna Unguigulate) Hay in Swine Ration (1986)

Inclusion of cowpea hay at 5 and 20 percent of grower and finisher rations by replacing 30 and 60 percent of fish meal protein in the rations of large white Yorkshire pigs did not affect average daily gain, feed consumption, efficiency of feed utilization, dressing percent, carcass length and back fat thickness. The percent lean cuts were lowered (P<0.05) in pigs fed cowpea at 20 percent level. The DM and NFE digestibilities were lower (P <0.05) in the group fed experimental diets than the control during the grower stage. Nitrogen retention either in the grower or finisher period was not affected by replacing part of the fish meal with cowpea hay.
Longan Shell as Novel Biomacromolecular Sorbent for Highly Selective Removal of Lead and Mercury Ions (2010)

Strongly selective adsorbability of natural longan (Euphoria longan) shell as a biomacromolecular sorbent toward heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions has been discovered and successfully optimized by facilely controlling the shell dosage, sorption time, pH value, and ion concentration. The sorption well-fits the Langmuir isotherm and obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorptivity of Pb(II) and Hg(II) is 99.3 and 99.1%, respectively, with short equilibrium sorption time. The redox sorption mechanism of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions onto longan shell was proposed on the basis of IR and X-ray diffraction analyses. In particular, a slow but durative redox interaction between Pb(II) ions and longan shell was revealed even at a solid state, resulting in the formation of Pb(syn) crystals onto longan shell. Competitive sorption suggested that the shell demonstrated a preferential sorption to Pb(II) over Hg(II) in their mixture solution, despite higher adsorptivity of Hg(II) than Pb(II) in corresponding pure solutions. The shell displayed highly selective sorption to Pb(II) over light metal ions with an adsorbability order of Pb(II) > Hg(II) >> Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Ca(II) > Mg(II) >> Fe(III,II), indicating that the shell could efficiently purify drinking water and nutritious liquids by just eliminating the harmful metal ions and still retaining the nutritious metal ions. The printery sewage and polluted river water both meet the discharge standard after being treated once with longan shell, and even satisfy the standards for irrigation/fishery and drinking water, respectively, after being treated twice. A large amount of functional groups like hydroxyl, ether, and carbonyl in the longan shell, as well as its intrinsic hydrophilicity, are responsible for the strong adsorbability toward the heavy metal ions. Not only does the longan shell have low cost and have inherent environmental friendliness in contrast to all synthetic and even seminatural sorbents but it also has stronger adsorbability toward Pb(II) and particularly Hg(II) ions than the most natural sorbents reported, making longan shell attractive as a highly cost-efficient sorbent for the selective removal of hazardous heavy metal ions.
General Purpose Simulated Annealing (1992)

This paper reports on an attempt to write a general purpose simulated annealing algorithm, capable of finding good solutions to problems expressed as pure 0-1 integer linear programs. Computational results are given to support the claim that the resulting program might be a useful addition to the arsenal of techniques for researchers and practitioners wishing to tackle certain types of large scale 0-1 ILPs.
Low resistance ohmic contact for <i>p</i>-type ZnTe using Au electrode (1995)

We report low-resistive Au ohmic contact for a molecular beam epitaxy grown nitrogen doped p-type ZnTe (p-ZnTe:N) layer with high thermal stability, where the p-ZnTe surface is treated by oxygen plasma and HCl solution prior to Au film deposition. C contamination and native oxide layers of ZnTe are removed by oxygen plasma and HCl treatment, respectively, from the surface. As a result, a Te-rich layer is formed on the surface. The annealing temperature dependence of specific contact resistance is investigated. The specific contact resistance of Au ohmic contact for p-ZnTe:N with carrier concentration of 2×1018 cm−3 treated by oxygen plasma and HCl solution reaches as low as 5.8×10−6 Ω cm2 at an annealing temperature of 350 °C. This specific contact resistance value is the same as that of the reported Pd/(Pt)/Au contact for p-ZnTe:N with carrier concentration of 3×1019 cm−3, and clearly shows higher thermal stability.
Phosphorylcholine on the Lipopolysaccharide of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Contributes to Persistence in the Respiratory Tract and Sensitivity to Serum Killing Mediated by C-reactive Protein (1998)

Haemophilus influenzae undergoes phase variation in expression of the phosphorylcholine (ChoP) epitope, a structure present on several invasive pathogens residing in the human respiratory tract. In this study, structural analysis comparing organisms with and without this epitope confirmed that variants differ in the presence of ChoP on the cell surface-exposed outer core of the lipopolysaccharide. During nasopharyngeal carriage in infant rats, there was a gradual selection for H. influenzae variants that express ChoP. In addition, genotypic analysis of the molecular switch that controls phase variation predicted that the ChoP+ phenotype was predominant in H. influenzae in human respiratory tract secretions. However, ChoP+ variants of nontypable H. influenzae were more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of human serum unrelated to the presence of naturally acquired antibody to ChoP. Serum bactericidal activity required the binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) with subsequent activation of complement through the classical pathway. Results of this study suggested that the ability of H. influenzae to vary expression of this unusual bacterial structure may correlate with its ability both to persist on the mucosal surface (ChoP+ phenotype) and to cause invasive infection by evading innate immunity mediated by CRP (ChoP- phenotype).
Clinical Relevance of Immunohistochemical Detection of Multidrug Resistance P-Glycoprotein in Breast Carcinoma (1991)

In 20 women with breast carcinoma, 17 of whom had locally advanced cancer and 3 of whom had confirmed metastases, the expression of P-glycoprotein was evaluated before the start of a chemotherapy regimen that included multidrug resistance-related drugs. With the use of the C494 monoclonal antibody in an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique, P-glycoprotein was detected in 17 of 20 tumor samples. Results were expressed in a semiquantitative manner, taking into account the number of positive tumor cells (N index) and the specific staining intensity (I index). The 17 patients with nonmetastatic cancer were followed from the first cycle of chemotherapy to cancer recurrence; subsequent to six cycles of chemotherapy, all of these patients except one were rendered clinically disease-free through surgery and/or radiation. The end point was defined as either local/regional recurrence or metastasis. Strong P-glycoprotein-positive staining in a majority of tumor cells (the N+/I+ phenotype) was significantly correlated with no initial response to chemotherapy (P less than .02) and with a shorter progression-free survival (P less than .02). Thus, the pretreatment evaluation of P-glycoprotein expression may be of prognostic value in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Conjugate gradient method for adaptive nonlinear filtering (2002)

The application of the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method for the identification of a new class of non-linear discrete time systems, called "Generalized Bilinear System" is investigated. An algorithm based on the CG method is developed for adaptive generalized bilinear filtering with output error method. This algorithm outperforms the LMS and RLS methods in terms of speed of convergence. In this algorithm, the optimization is done over blocks of input and output data rather than a single pair of data. However, only one iteration and coefficient update is done for every sample of data. Some examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Genetic control of susceptibility to <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in mice: role of the LPS gene. (1980)

Abstract C3H/HeJ mice are poorly responsive to all of the biologic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and are also, paradoxically, highly susceptible to Salmonella typhimurium infection. The defective response of these mice to LPS is governed by the Lpsd allele, but the gene(s) controlling their response to the bacterium has not been identified. Therefore, genetic analyses were performed to characterize the gene(s) responsible for the susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice to S. typhimurium and to assess the influence of the Lpsd allele on this sensitivity to infection. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of S. typhimurium for C3H/HeJ mice was &lt;2, whereas the LD50 for other genetically related but LPS-responsive C3H substrains was ≥2 × 103. The susceptibility gene was distinct from both of the genes previously reported to confer susceptibility to murine typhoid (Ity* and xid). The F1 progeny derived from crosses of C3H/HeJ mice with the highly susceptible C57BL/6J strain (Ity8/Ity8) were resistant (LD50 ≥8 × 103), which indicated that the C3H/ HeJ susceptibility gene was distinct from Ity8. Furthermore, the gene(s) that governed the susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice to S. typhimurium was also distinct from the X-linked susceptibility gene (xid) because both (C3H/ HeJ × C3H/HeN)F1 males and females were resistant (LD50 ≥ 1 × 104). To determine whether susceptibility to S. typhimurium was due to the expression of Lpsd, a backcross linkage analysis was performed by using the progeny derived from C3H/HeJ and (C3H/HeJ × C57BL/6J)F1 parents. There was a close correlation between a defective LPS proliferative response and susceptibility, since 13 out of 14 of such mice succumbed to infection whereas only 2 out of 13 of LPS-responsive animals died. The susceptibility of backcross mice was also closely linked to another chromosome-4 locus, Mup-1a. These data strongly suggest that the susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice to S. typhimurium is due either to the Lpsd allele or to a closely linked gene.
Quanta and Coherence Effects in Water and Living Systems (2004)

Water and living systems have macroscopic quantum properties that can give rise to a memory for frequencies, long-range effects, and entanglement between separated systems.
Studies in the Anthracene Series. I. Methyl Ketones and Carbinolamines Derived from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroanthracene<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Anthracene Series. I. Methyl Ketones and Carbinolamines Derived from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroanthracene1Edward A. Garlock Jr. and Erich MosettigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 12, 2255–2259Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01228a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01228a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recursive estimation of facial expression and movement (1992)

The issue of analysis/synthesis of human facial movements in model-based facial image coding is addressed. An affine model which is especially suitable to such a type of nonrigid motion as facial expressions is set up. Based on the affine model, a direct two-view motion estimation approach is presented. This approach is much faster than other existing approaches. To remove the error-accumulation problem associated with long sequence motion estimation, a new scheme which is equipped with a feedback loop connecting computer vision and computer graphics is used. Experimental results show that the method not only greatly reduces the computational complexity but also substantially improves the estimation accuracy. The synthesized image sequence using the estimated motion parameters, a 3-D model of the face, and a frame of textured image looks very natural.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Keystone Transform Without Interpolation for SAR Ground Moving-Target Imaging (2007)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation for a ground moving target necessitates the compensation of the unknown target trajectory. The keystone transform has been employed to remove the linear component of the range migration for the moving target, where interpolation is required. In this letter, a realization of the keystone transform avoiding interpolation is presented. The kernel of this transform, i.e., the range-frequency-dependent azimuth time rescaling, is implemented using only complex multiplications and fast Fourier transforms based on the scaling principle, which has been successfully applied in the equalization of the space-variant range cell migration in SAR processing. In addition, the moving target is coarsely focused according to the SAR geometry and the platform velocity while exploiting the scaling principle. This preliminary focusing is helpful in the isolation of the moving target from ground clutter, so as to facilitate a more refined processing with respect to each mover. SAR raw data combined with simulated echoes of moving targets are utilized to validate the presented approach
Health-related quality of life of patients receiving extended-release tolterodine for overactive bladder. (2002)

Continued treatment with tolterodine provides additional benefits in HRQoL as measured by the KHQ. Of particular importance are improvements on the psychological aspects after longer-term treatment not detected after a short-term trial. Treatment effects on HRQoL are evident even after a 12-week placebo run-in supporting the true clinical effect of active treatment.
A geometrically accurate vascular phantom for comparative studies of x‐ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance vascular imaging: construction and geometrical verification (1993)

A technique for producing accurate models of vascular segments for use in experiments that assess vessel geometry and flow has been developed and evaluated. The models are compatible with x-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems. In this paper, a model of the human carotid artery bifurcation, is evaluated that has been built using this technique. The phantom consists of a thin-walled polyester-resin replica of the bifurcation through which a blood-mimicking fluid may be circulated. The phantom is surrounded by an agar tissue-mimicking material and a series of fiducial markers. The blood- and tissue-mimicking materials have x-ray, ultrasound, and MR properties similar to blood and tissue; fiducial markers provide a means of aligning images acquired by different modalities. The root-mean-square difference between the inner wall geometry of the constructed model and the desired dimensions was 0.33 mm. Static images were successfully acquired using x-ray, ultrasound, and MR imaging systems, and are free of significant artifacts. Flow images acquired with ultrasound and MR agree qualitatively with each other, and with previously published flow patterns. Volume-flow measurements obtained with ultrasound and MR were within 4.4% of the actual values.
Boosting the performance of connectionist large vocabulary speech recognition (2002)

Hybrid connectionist-hidden Markov model large vocabulary speech recognition has been shown to be competitive with more traditional HMM systems. Connectionist acoustic models generally use considerably less parameters than HMM's, allowing real-time operation without significant degradation of performance. However, the small number of parameters in connectionist acoustic models also poses a problem-how do we make the best use of large amounts of training data? This paper proposes a solution to this problem in which a "smart" procedure makes selective use of training data to increase performance.