gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unequal homologous recombination of human DNA on a yeast artificial chromosome (1995)

We examined unequal homologous DNA recombination between human repetitive DNA elements located on a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and transforming plasmid molecules. A plasmid vector containing an Alu element, as well as a sequence identical to a unique site on a YAC, was introduced into yeast and double recombinant clones analyzed. Recombination occurs between vector and YAC Alu elements sharing as little as 74% identity. The physical proximity of an Alu element to the unique DNA segment appears to play a significant role in determining the frequency with which that element serves as a recombination substrate. In addition, cross-over points of the recombination reaction are largely confined to the ends of the repetitive element. Since a similar distribution of crossover sites occurs during unequal homologous recombination in human germ and somatic tissue, we propose that similar enzymatic processes may be responsible for the events observed in our system and in human cells. This suggests that further examination of the enzymology of unequal homologous recombination of human DNA within yeast may yield a greater understanding of the molecular events which control this process in higher eukaryotes.
Control of Induction Generator in a Wells Turbine Based Wave Energy System (2006)

This paper describes a method for controlling a Wells-turbine driven induction generator to extract maximum power and feed it to the grid. The optimum voltage and frequency to be applied to the stator of the squirrel cage induction generator at any air velocity is obtained. This information can be used to design a suitable power electronic controller.
Some mechanisms to improve TCP/IP performance over wireless and mobile computing environment (2002)

The Internet and wireless networks are two of the most important technical developments that have had a direct effect on the lives of people over the past few years. The next step is to combine these two technologies to provide wide-area wireless Internet access. Currently, TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the most important protocol that integrates a wide range of different physical networks into the global Internet. The environment of wireless networks violates many assumptions made by traditional TCP/IP. Compared with fixed and wired networks, wireless networks have a high bit-error rate (BER) and offer less available bandwidth. Furthermore, the host mobility also results in packet losses or delays during handoff procedures. Hence, the performance of TCP/IP over such wireless networks without any modification suffers significant degradation of throughput and high interactive delay. In this paper, we propose some schemes to improve the performance of TCP/IP over wireless networks according to their characteristics. We analyze the performance of TCP/IP under different network conditions by using ns-2 (Network Simulator version 2) to facilitate comparisons with previous studies. The simulation results show that our proposed mechanisms achieve better performance than other protocols.
Grip force tracking system for assessment and rehabilitation of hand function (2005)

The aim of the paper is to present a novel tracking system for the assessment and training of grip force control. The system consists of two force measuring units of different shapes, which can be connected to a personal computer for visual feedback and data acquisition. We present the results of the assessment of the grip force control in 32 healthy subjects of different age groups and preliminary results obtained in a patient after head-injury who was treated with Botulinum-Toxin for hand spasticity. The proposed tracking system was also applied as a training tool in 10 post-stroke patients to possibly improve their grip force control. The results in healthy subjects showed significant differences in grip force control among different age groups. In the patient after Botulinum-Toxin treatment the method revealed noticeable effects of the therapy on the patient's tracking performance. Training with the tracking system showed considerable improvements in the grip force control in 8 out of 10 stroke patients. The proposed tracking method is aimed to be used in connection with different rehabilitation therapies (e.g. physiotherapy, functional electrical stimulation, drug treatment) to follow the influence of the therapy on patient's muscular strength and grip force control.
Remote Laser-Microwave Synchronization Over Kilometer-Scale Fiber Link With Few-Femtosecond Drift (2014)

We show the remote synchronization between a mode-locked laser and a microwave source, separated by a hundreds meter- to kilometer-scale fiber link, with few-femtosecond rms timing drift maintained over several hours. In a laboratory test, the measured timing drift between a mode-locked laser and a 2.856-GHz microwave source, separated by a 610-m fiber link, is 2.7 fs rms (0.048 mrad phase drift) over 7 h. The corresponding relative instability in remote laser-microwave synchronization is 7.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-19</sup> in 6300 s averaging time, in terms of overlapping Allan deviation. We further installed 1.15-km long fiber links in an accelerator building and measured the relative phase drift at the link outputs in a klystron gallery, which resulted in 6.6-fs and 31-fs rms timing drift maintained over 7 and 62 h, respectively. To achieve this performance, we combined a balanced optical cross-correlator (BOC)-based stabilized fiber link for remote timing transfer and an optical-microwave phase detector (OM-PD) for local optical-to-microwave synchronization. We identified the impact of power and polarization-state drift in the fiber link and amplitude-to-phase conversion in the OM-PD on the link stability. Based on this analysis, possible technical improvements enabling even higher timing precision and stability are identified.
Precision Polymerization and Polymers II. Synthesis and Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates Containing a Binaphthyl Moiety. (1997)

2, 2′-Biphenolおよび1, 1′-bi (2-naphthol) をジオール成分として, さまざまな試薬と反応条件で芳香族環状炭酸エステルの合成を検討した結果, ホスゲンを用いない方法として2当量のp-nitrophenyl chloroformateと2当量の第3アミンと反応させる合成法が最も高収率で対応する環状炭酸エステル3, 5を与えた. 3, 5の構造シミュレーションから環歪みによる5の高い開環反応性が示唆された. 5のアニオン開環重合を検討した結果, 非常に穏やかな条件下, 速やかに重合が進行し, 対応するポリ炭酸エステル10 (Mn 15000程度) が定量的に得られることがわかった. また, このポリマーは1, 1′-bi (2-naphthol) とbis (4-nitrophenyl) carbonateを用いる重縮合によっても得られることがわかった. 熱分析, 粉末X線解析, および重合時の体積変化についても検討した.
Sequence Variation in a Newly Identified HLA-B35-Restricted Epitope in the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Associated with Escape from Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2002)

Here, we describe a new HLA-B*3501-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope in the influenza A virus (H3N2) nucleoprotein, which was found to exhibit a high degree of variation at nonanchor residues. The influenza virus variants emerged in chronological order, and CTLs directed against old variants failed to recognize more recent strains of influenza A virus, indicating an escape from CTL immunity.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor (2006)

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has been extensively reported to play an important role in cancer. Activation of the IGF-1R by IGF-I and IGF-II binding to the extracellular domains of the receptor induces mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects, which are important events in tumor growth and survival. Several cancer cell types overexpress IGF-1R, suggesting a possible use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against IGF-1R as diagnostic reagents. Here, we report the production and characterization of two independent MAbs, namely 7C2 and 9E11, generated by immunizing mice with the soluble extracellular part of this receptor (amino acids 1-906). Both MAbs bind to membrane bound IGF-1R and do not cross-react with insulin receptor isoforms, IR-A and IR-B expressed on IGF-1R() cells. MAbs 7C2 and 9E11 stained the IGF- 1R on frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections or frozen cells. The MAbs 7C2 and 9E11 immunoprecipitated the IGF-1R from P6 cell lysates (cells overexpressing human IGF-1R) and could detect non-reduced intact IGF-1R on immunoblots. However, the MAbs were not able to detect reduced and denatured receptor alpha and beta chains. Sequencing of the heavy- and light-chain variable regions revealed that the 7C2 and 9E11 CDR amino acid sequences are different but result in antibodies with similar properties. MAbs 7C2 and 9E11 are therefore potentially useful diagnostic tools and could be of therapeutic use for humans in the future.
Effects of Co-Expressing Chaperone BiP on Functional Antibody Production in the Baculovirus System (1994)

The assembly pathway of the insect cell Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) was engineered to include expression of the murine chaperone immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) using the baculovirus vector. The impact of BiP coexpression on the production and secretion of functional and soluble recombinant immunoglobulin IgG levels was evaluated. Recombinant BiP was found to associate specifically with immunoglobulins in immunoprecipitation studies. Coinfection of insect cells with a BiP-containing baculovirus and baculoviruses coding for two different murine IgG proteins increased intracellular functional antibody activity levels substantially above the levels observed in the absence of BiP. Soluble intracellular immunoglobulin levels were found to increase as well. However, secreted functional antibody levels did not increase significantly. Also, degradation of heavy chain immunoglobulin in insect cells was indicated by the accumulation of lower molecular weight immunoglobulins at 4 days postinfection. Coexpression of light chains reduced the level of these lower molecular weight immunoglobulins while BiP coexpression led to enhanced levels. These findings suggest that coexpressed BiP can increase intracellular soluble and functional antibody yields but that secretion in the baculovirus-insect cell system must be limited at some post-translational step.
Effects of Succinonitrile (SN) as an Electrolyte Additive on the Impedance of LiCoO<sub>2</sub>/Graphite Pouch Cells during Cycling (2014)

LiCoO2/graphite pouch cells with 1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DEC (1:2 v/v) electrolyte were used to study the effect of succinonitrile (SN) as an electrolyte additive on the cell impedance during cycling. Pouch cells containing no additives, 2 wt% vinylene carbonate (VC), 2 wt% SN and 2 wt% VC + 2 wt% SN were studied for comparison. In order to investigate which electrode contributed to impedance changes during charge and discharge cycling, positive and negative electrode symmetric cells, fabricated using electrodes extracted from the parent pouch cells, were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Two wt% VC added to the electrolyte suppressed impedance growth of the positive electrode during cycling, while the addition of 2 wt% SN greatly increased the impedance growth of the positive electrode during cycling. The addition of both 2 wt% VC and 2 wt% SN leads to intermediate behavior. In all cases, the negative electrode impedance decreased during cycling when VC, SN or VC+SN additives were present. The dominant contribution to the impedance growth of pouch cells containing SN during cycling comes from the positive electrode.
Recovery of Anhydrous Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> from SO<sub>2</sub>-Scrubbing Liquor by Extractive Crystallization:  Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Carbonate, Sulfate, and/or Sulfite Plus Acetone, 2-Propanol, or <i>tert</i>-Butyl Alcohol (1996)

Sodium carbonate is a superior scrubbing agent for removing SO2 from combustion gases, but the resulting sodium sulfate (or sulfite) must be recovered for environmental reasons. Recovery by evaporative crystallization is energy-intensive; extractive crystallization (described below) provides an attractive alternative when technically feasible. Liquid/liquid equilibrium data were determined for two-phase mixtures containing aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate, sulfate, or sulfite and a polar organic solvent: acetone, 2-propanol, and 2-methylpropan-2-ol (i.e., tert-butyl alcohol). In the salt-saturated two-phase region, data were obtained between the lower consolute temperature and 60 °C (50 °C for acetone). Data were also obtained at 35 °C for liquid/liquid systems that were subsaturated with their respective salts and for liquid/liquid systems with overall molar ratios of sodium sulfite/sodium sulfate fixed at 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. In the latter systems, it was found that the sulfite/sulfate ratios in the organic and aqueous phases were the same; i.e., there is no selectivity by these solvents for one salt relative to the other. The data show that any one of these solvents can be used to extract water from a concentrated solution of either sodium sulfite or sodium sulfate in a countercurrent extractor at 35 °C, causing the anhydrous salt to crystallize. The wet solvent can be dried for recycle in a similar countercurrent operation at 35 °C, using a saturated solution of Na2CO3 as the drying agent. The number of moles of carbonate required for drying does not exceed the number of moles of sulfite-plus-sulfate precipitated. The process energy is about 10% of that required for single-stage evaporative crystallization of the same liquor.
Las decisiones básicas de la estrategia de deslocalización: qué, dónde y cómo deslocalizar (2008)

Las decisiones que una empresa debe tomar a la hora de emprender una estrategia de deslocalización poseen una elevada importancia. En el presente trabajo se analizan las decisiones básicas a las que una empresa debe hacer frente para acometer con éxito una estrategia de deslocalización y mejorar su ventaja competitiva. Concretamente se examina la elección de las actividades a deslocalizar, la elección del país de destino y la elección del modo de deslocalización. Una combinación adecuada de estas tres decisiones conjuntamente facilitará el éxito de una estrategia de deslocalización.
Synthesis and reactivity of .beta.-lactones derived from L-threonine and related amino acids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactivity of .beta.-lactones derived from L-threonine and related amino acidsSunil V. Pansare and John C. VederasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 10, 2311–2316Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00271a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views948Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enantioselective aptameric molecular recognition material: Design of a novel chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation of a series of chiral herbicides by capillary electrochromatography (2006)

A chiral stationary phase derived from an L-RNA aptamer is evaluated for the enantiomer separation of a series of herbicide molecules (aryloxypropionic, aryloxyphenoxypropionic, and aminopropionic acid) by CEC after binding to biotin and grafting upon streptavidin-modified porous glass beads. We demonstrated that the aptamer capillary was stable in term of efficiency and retention during a long period. The influences of the mobile phase constitution and its flow-velocity on the enantioseparation were also investigated. The results suggest that the interactions of the enantiomer during CEC are solely based on chromatographic mechanisms and that the electrophoresis plays only a minor role. The separation efficiency and peak shape could be improved by Mg2+ divalent cation that stabilized the aptamer secondary structure and thus enhanced the mass transfer kinetics during the ligand-aptamer binding process. In addition, it was demonstrated that the determination of the enantiomerization barrier of flamprop was possible using this chiral stationary phase.
mGluR1 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Essential for Long-Term Depression, Synapse Elimination, and Motor Coordination (2000)

Targeted deletion of metabotropic glutamate receptor-subtype 1 (mGluR1) gene can cause defects in development and function in the cerebellum. We introduced the mGluR1alpha transgene into mGluR1-null mutant [mGluR1 (-/-)] mice with a Purkinje cell (PC)-specific promoter. mGluR1-rescue mice showed normal cerebellar long-term depression and regression of multiple climbing fiber innervation, events significantly impaired in mGluR1 (-/-) mice. The impaired motor coordination was rescued by this transgene, in a dose-dependent manner. We propose that mGluR1 in PCs is a key molecule for normal synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, and motor control in the cerebellum.
Modeling Queries with Contextual Snippets for Information Retrieval (2018)

Query expansion under the pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) framework has been extensively studied in information retrieval. However, most expansion methods are mainly based on the statistics of single terms, which can generate plenty of irrelevant query terms and decrease retrieval performance. To alleviate this problem, we propose an approach that adapts the PRF-based contextual snippets into a context-aware topic model to enhance query representations. Specifically, instead of selecting a series of independent terms, we make full use of the query contextual information and focus on the snippets with the length of n in the PRF documents. Furthermore, we propose a context-aware topic (CAT) model to mine the topic distributions of the query-relevant snippets, namely, fine contextual snippets. In contrast to the traditional topic models that infer the topics from the whole corpus, we establish a bridge between the snippets and the corresponding PRF documents, which can be used for modeling the topics more precisely and efficiently. Finally, the topic distributions of the fine snippets are used for context-aware and topic-sensitive query representations. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we integrate the obtained queries into a topic-based hybrid retrieval model and conduct extensive experiments on various TREC collections. The experimental results show that our query-modeling approach is more effective in boosting retrieval performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Isolation of a Novel Cutinase Homolog with Polyethylene Terephthalate-Degrading Activity from Leaf-Branch Compost by Using a Metagenomic Approach (2011)

ABSTRACT The gene encoding a cutinase homolog, LC-cutinase, was cloned from a fosmid library of a leaf-branch compost metagenome by functional screening using tributyrin agar plates. LC-cutinase shows the highest amino acid sequence identity of 59.7% to Thermomonospora curvata lipase. It also shows the 57.4% identity to Thermobifida fusca cutinase. When LC-cutinase without a putative signal peptide was secreted to the periplasm of Escherichia coli cells with the assistance of the pelB leader sequence, more than 50% of the recombinant protein, termed LC-cutinase*, was excreted into the extracellular medium. It was purified and characterized. LC-cutinase* hydrolyzed various fatty acid monoesters with acyl chain lengths of 2 to 18, with a preference for short-chain substrates (C 4 substrate at most) most optimally at pH 8.5 and 50°C, but could not hydrolyze olive oil. It lost activity with half-lives of 40 min at 70°C and 7 min at 80°C. LC-cutinase* had an ability to degrade poly(ε-caprolactone) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The specific PET-degrading activity of LC-cutinase* was determined to be 12 mg/h/mg of enzyme (2.7 mg/h/μkat of p NP-butyrate-degrading activity) at pH 8.0 and 50°C. This activity is higher than those of the bacterial and fungal cutinases reported thus far, suggesting that LC-cutinase* not only serves as a good model for understanding the molecular mechanism of PET-degrading enzyme but also is potentially applicable for surface modification and degradation of PET.
Impact of Matrix-Associated Soluble Factors on The Specificity of The Immunogenicity Assessment (2010)

Melon Gel pretreatment and avidin high-bind (Meso Scale Discovery) plates can effectively reduce interference due to rheumatoid factor in ELISA- and electrochemiluminescence-based assays, respectively. Excess levels of therapeutic and anti-therapeutic antibodies in bridging assays can impact assay specificity.
Structural studies on penicillin derivatives. IX. Synthesis of thiazolidine-azetidinones (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies on penicillin derivatives. IX. Synthesis of thiazolidine-azetidinonesR. D. G. Cooper and F. L. JoseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 3, 1021–1022Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00758a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00758a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts