gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear matched filtering (1989)

A new class of nonlinear matched filters is discussed. These filters involve the transformation of the signal spectrum and the filter transfer function through a nonlinearity before they are multiplied in the transform domain. The resulting filter structures can be considered to be analogous to three-layer neural nets. They have better performance in terms of signal discrimination and lack of false correlation signals and artifacts than previously known filters. The matched filters are further subdivided into two major classes according to whether the filtering is based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or a real discrete Fourier transform (RDFT). The DFT and the RDFT are approximations to the complex and real Fourier transforms, respectively. The RDFT-based filtering gives better performance in terms of signal discrimination and lack of false correlation signals and artifacts than the DFT-based filtering.
Application of Antibody and Fluorophore‐Derivatized Liposomes to Heterogeneous Immunoassays for D‐dimer (1996)

Small unilamellar liposomes comprised of cholesterol and phospholipids, in which one of the lipids is labeled with a fluorophore, have been covalently functionalized with antibodies. The liposomes were conjugated with thousands of fluorescein molecules and 10-20 monoclonal antibodies per liposome. These bifunctional liposomes were used in a direct (sandwich-type) immunoassay for the detection of thromboembolic disorders by assaying for d-dimer. D-dimer is the final and the smallest proteolytic product in the degradation of cross-linked fibrin by the plasma protein plasmin. The immunoassay using liposomes was compared to a conventional immunoassay that uses a fluor-antibody conjugate. The liposomes, by virtue of having thousands of fluorophores coupled to one liposome in contrast to one or a few reporter molecules in the conventional fluor-antibody conjugate, performed better on two counts: (1) they lowered the detection limit by a factor of 120 and (2) they provided a 1 order of magnitude amplification in signal. The minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of d-dimer was 5.6 ng/mL with the liposomal assay as compared to an MDC of 674 ng/mL with conventional fluor-antibody conjugate. The results of fluorescence assays were also compared with the results obtained by Singh et al. (Biotechnol. Prog. 1995, 11, 333-341) in an enzyme immunoassay developed using liposomes. These results demonstrate the potential of liposomes in lowering detection limits and increasing the sensitivity of immunoassays.
Multi-speed control of single-phase induction motors for blower applications (1995)

A simple electronic scheme is studied for multi-speed operation of a permanent split capacitor single phase induction motor used to run fractional horsepower blowers and pumps. Computer simulations predict efficiency, harmonic distortion, and pulsating torque when the motor is fed at 60 Hz, 40 Hz or 30 and by means of a four-triac bridge circuit. Results of simulations and laboratory tests are compared, showing close agreement. This scheme may be a cost effective alternative to tapped-winding or pole-changing motors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correction and Disclosure (2006)

Regarding: 

Lewis DO, Yeager CA, Blake P, Bard B, Strenziok M: Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 32:408–29, 2004 

Because of information
Pharmacology of irinotecan. (1998)

Irinotecan (CPT-11 [Camptosar]), a semisynthetic derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin, is bioactivated by carboxylesterases (EC3.1.1-) to the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38, a minor metabolite. Bioactivation of intravenously administered irinotecan by carboxylesterases occurs predominantly in the liver. Two human carboxylesterase isoforms responsible for SN-38 formation have been characterized. At relevant hepatic irinotecan concentrations up to 12 micrograms/mL, a low-Km isoform is responsible for irinotecan bioactivation. High concentrations of drugs commonly coadministered with irinotecan do not inhibit carboxylesterase activity. Intestinal carboxylesterases can also generate SN-38, followed by subsequent oral absorption. A second major polar metabolite of irinotecan, aminopentanecarboxylic acid (APC), is the product of CYP3A4-mediated oxidation of the terminal piperidine ring. APC is 100-fold less active than SN-38 as a topoisomerase I inhibitor and is a relatively weak inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. SN-38 is eliminated mainly through conjugation by hepatic uridine glucuronosyltransferase (UGT*1.1), the same isoezyme responsible for glucuronidation of bilirubin. Grade 4 irinotecan-related toxicity (ie, neutropenia, diarrhea) has recently been reported in two patients with deficient UGT*1.1 activity. SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G), which has only 1/100th the antitumor activity of SN-38, is actively secreted into the bile by a canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter. Deconjugation of SN-38G to SN-38 by beta-glucuronidase produced by the intestinal flora may contribute to enterohepatic recirculation of SN-38 and delayed intestinal toxicity.
High‐throughput profiling of <i> <scp>N</scp> </i> ‐myristoylation substrate specificity across species including pathogens (2012)

One of the most critical modifications affecting the N-terminus of proteins is N-myristoylation. This irreversible modification affects the membrane-binding properties of crucial proteins involved in signal transduction cascades. This cotranslational modification, catalyzed by N-myristoyl transferase, occurs both in lower and higher eukaryotes and is a validated therapeutic target for several pathologies. However, this lipidation proves very difficult to be evidenced in vivo even with state-of-the-art proteomics approaches or bioinformatics tools. A large part of N-myristoylated proteins remains to be discovered and the rules of substrate specificity need to be established in each organism. Because the peptide substrate recognition occurs around the first eight residues, short peptides are used for modeling the reaction in vitro. Here, we provide a novel approach including a dedicated peptide array for high-throughput profiling protein N-myristoylation specificity. We show that myristoylation predictive tools need to be fine-tuned to organisms and that their poor accuracy should be significantly enhanced. This should lead to strongly improved knowledge of the number and function of myristoylated proteins occurring in any proteome.
Linearisation and moire problems in computer-generated holographic optical elements with grey-level modulation (1989)

A common method for making computer-generated holographic elements (CGHOES) is to display the CGHOE on a high-resolution photoplotter and subsequently photographically reduce it to a 35 mm negative film. The predominant problem in making grey-level-modulated CGHOES using this technique is to ensure linearity in the high-resolution plotter and the photographic reduction process. This paper describes how two-step methods can be linearised using standard densitometric procedures frequently applied to evaluate black-and-white photographic recording materials. Another familiar problem encountered when recording CGHOES is the appearance of moire patterns in the plot from the plotter. The sources of these and the means to eliminate them are discussed. Finally, the authors examine how a surface relief on the 35 mm negative film influences the filtered output image of a Fourier processor.
Carboranes Tuning the Phosphorescence of Iridium Tetrazolate Complexes (2014)

New iridium tetrazolate complexes containing o-, m-, or p-carboranyl substitution in different positions of a phenylpyridine ligand have been prepared. The carborane isomers and the effect of their substitution position in the tuning of optical properties have been examined. The neutral complexes with the carboranyl substituent on the phenyl ring in meta position relative to the metal exhibit redshifted emission bands in contrast to blueshifts for those with carboranyl in para position. All cationic complexes display evidently blueshifted dual-peak emission compared with the carborane-free complex (c-TZ) with a broad single-peak emission. Introduction of carborane leads to a blueshift over 70 nm relative to c-TZ. Carboranes also significantly improve phosphorescence efficiency (ΦP ) and lifetime (τ), that is, ΦP =0.64 versus 0.21 (c-TZ) and τ=880 ns versus 241 ns (c-TZ). The unique hydrophilic nido-carborane-based Ir(III) complex nido-o-1 shows the largest phosphorescence efficiency (abs ΦP =0.57) among known water-soluble iridium complexes, long emission lifetime (τ=4.38 μs), as well as varying emission efficiency and lifetime with O2 content in aqueous solution. Therefore, nido-o-1 has been used as an excellent oxygen-sensitive phosphor for intracellular O2 sensing and hypoxia imaging.
γ-Tocotrienol, a vitamin E homolog, is a natriuretic hormone precursor (2003)

2,7,8-Trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC), a metabolite of gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol, was identified as a new endogenous natriuretic factor. However, gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol, both precursors of gamma-CEHC, have never directly been observed to have natriuretic potency. Thus, we investigated whether gamma-tocotrienol could cause natriuresis and diuresis in rats. The rats were divided into two groups that were given a control or a high-sodium diet for 4 weeks, and then subdivided into placebo and gamma-tocotrienol subgroups given only corn oil-removed vitamin E and oil supplemented with gamma-tocotrienol, respectively. After oral administration of three experimental doses, rat urine was collected and gamma-CEHC, urine volume, sodium, and potassium content were determined. Only in rats given a high-NaCl diet did gamma-tocotrienol accelerate and increase sodium excretion, showing no effect on potassium excretion. Sodium excretion in the high-NaCl group given gamma-tocotrienol was 5.06 +/- 2.70 g/day, and in the control group given gamma-tocotrienol, 0.11 +/- 0.06 g/day. Furthermore, gamma-tocotrienol affected urine volume in the specific condition of high-NaCl body stores and gamma-tocotrienol supplementation. In this study, we found that gamma-tocotrienol, one of the natural vitamin E homologs, stimulates sodium excretion in vivo, suggesting that gamma-tocotrienol possesses a hormone-like natriuretic function.
<I>In-Situ</I> Fabrication of Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide Powders by Spray Pyrolysis Technique (2004)

Nano-crystalline Co3O4 and CoO powders have been prepared by a spray pyrolysis approach. The effects of the reaction temperature and initial salts on the crystallinity and phase composition have been studied. Based on the TEM and XRD results, the crystal sizes were in the range of 1-10 nm. SEM and TEM observations also reveal that the nano-powders easily create micron-scale spherical agglomerates. The Co3O4 powders obtained by spraying nitrate solution at 500 degrees C show high specific surface area, which according to the BET method is 82.37 m2/g. The time/temperature phase diagram of cobalt oxides developed from XRD and DTA/TGA analyses shows the existence of a CoO phase at low and high temperature ranges when some specific preparation conditions are applied.
Functionalization of Octavinylsilsesquioxane by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Silylative Coupling versus Cross‐Metathesis (2004)

Functionalization of octavinylsilsesquioxane (Vi(8)T(8), 1) by two reactions catalyzed by ruthenium complexes is reported: a silylative coupling reaction catalyzed by [RuHCl(CO)(PCy(3))(2)] (I) and cross-metathesis catalyzed by first- (II) and second-generation (III) Grubbs' catalysts. The two reactions of 1 with styrene take place highly regio- and stereoselectively (the X-ray structure of the product 2 has also been obtained); the cross-metathesis of 1-hexene and allyltrimethylsilane occurs quite effectively, whereas the silylative coupling with these compounds gives a mixture of isomers. Functionalization of 1 with heteroatom-substituted vinyl derivatives (Si, O, N) by silylative coupling reaction has been found to be highly efficient, but cross-metathesis appears to be the more effective method for the synthesis of S-substituted vinyl-silsesquioxane.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Rocket-Propellant Dispersion (1991)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a small computer to operate a three-dimensional atmospheric model to forecast the transport and dispersion of airborne hazardous materials at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). The contractor investigated the feasibility of using the three-dimensional atmospheric models HOTMAC (Higher Order Turbulence Model for Atmospheric Circulations) and RAPTAD (Random Puff Transport and Diffusion) to meet the objective of the project. HOTMAC is a mesoscale atmospheric model that can forecast three-dimensional distributions of wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, temperature, and water vapor. RAPTAD is a Lagrangian puff code based on the Monte Carlo statistical diffusion process. The center location and standard deviation of concentration distribution for each puff axe computed by use of wind and turbulence modeled by HOTMAC. Then concentration at any location is computed by summation of concentrations contributed by all the puffs.
Biofilm formation by<b><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i></b> (2013)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a well adapted, opportunistic fungus that causes a severe and commonly fatal disease, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), in highly immunocompromised patients, aspergilloma in patients with lung cavities and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in hypersensitive individuals. Recent studies have suggested that biofilm formation by A. fumigatus may be one of the most important virulence factors in IPA and aspergilloma. Several fungal constituents may contribute to the formation of biofilm structures on host cells, including cell wall components, secondary metabolites and drug transporters. The biofilm phenotype of the fungus is refractory to most conventional antifungal treatment options. Thus, an in-depth analysis and understanding of A. fumigatus biofilms is necessary to devise newer and better antifungal targets for treating complex A. fumigatus biofilm-associated diseases.
Evaluating Fast Algorithms for Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs (2017)

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become widely adopted for computer vision tasks. FPGAs have been adequately explored as a promising hardware accelerator for CNNs due to its high performance, energy efficiency, and reconfigurability. However, prior FPGA solutions based on the conventional convolutional algorithm is often bounded by the computational capability of FPGAs (e.g., the number of DSPs). In this paper, we demonstrate that fast Winograd algorithm can dramatically reduce the arithmetic complexity, and improve the performance of CNNs on FPGAs. We first propose a novel architecture for implementing Winograd algorithm on FPGAs. Our design employs line buffer structure to effectively reuse the feature map data among different tiles. We also effectively pipeline the Winograd PE engine and initiate multiple PEs through parallelization. Meanwhile, there exists a complex design space to explore. We propose an analytical model to predict the resource usage and reason about the performance. Then, we use the model to guide a fast design space exploration. Experiments using the state-of-the-art CNNs demonstrate the best performance and energy efficiency on FPGAs. We achieve an average 1006.4 GOP/s for the convolutional layers and 854.6 GOP/s for the overall AlexNet and an average 3044.7 GOP/s for the convolutional layers and 2940.7 GOP/s for the overall VGG16 on Xilinx ZCU102 platform.
Flat-Bottom Strategy for Improved Accuracy in Protein Side-Chain Placements (2008)

We present a new strategy for protein side-chain placement that uses flat-bottom potentials for rotamer scoring. The extent of the flat bottom depends on the coarseness of the rotamer library and is optimized for libraries ranging from diversities of 0.2 Å to 5.0 Å. The parameters reported here were optimized for forcefields using Lennard-Jones 12-6 van der Waals potential with DREIDING parameters but are expected to be similar for AMBER, CHARMM, and other forcefields. This Side-Chain Rotamer Excitation Analysis Method is implemented in the SCREAM software package. Similar scoring function strategies should be useful for ligand docking, virtual ligand screening, and protein folding applications.
WiSE - a satellite-based system for remote monitoring (2016)

Recent technological advancements in sensors, processors and communications technology make it viable to perform digital acquisition of environmental data from remote locations. Declining costs and miniaturisation of electronics and sensors have enabled design of systems for intelligent remote monitoring. These advances pave the way for new tools to support field work by virtually extending researchers' reach to the field study area from the comfort of their offices. The Wireless Internet Sensing Environment project developed an architecture providing control and retrieval of data from networked sensors and cameras at a remote location using Internet backhaul. Satellite connectivity enabled this equipment to be deployed to remote locations to support an ecological application. This paper describes architecture and innovative design features for this challenging problem space, including motion event detection, power management and a method to upload collected data. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
T-Cell Tropism of Simian Varicella Virus during Primary Infection (2013)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella, establishes a life-long latent infection of ganglia and reactivates to cause herpes zoster. The cell types that transport VZV from the respiratory tract to skin and ganglia during primary infection are unknown. Clinical, pathological, virological and immunological features of simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of non-human primates parallel those of primary VZV infection in humans. To identify the host cell types involved in virus dissemination and pathology, we infected African green monkeys intratracheally with recombinant SVV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (SVV-EGFP) and with wild-type SVV (SVV-wt) as a control. The SVV-infected cell types and virus kinetics were determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and virus culture and SVV-specific real-time PCR, respectively. All monkeys developed fever and skin rash. Except for pneumonitis, pathology produced by SVV-EGFP was less compared to SVV-wt. In lungs, SVV infected alveolar myeloid cells and T-cells. During viremia the virus preferentially infected memory T-cells, initially central memory T-cells and subsequently effector memory T-cells. In early non-vesicular stages of varicella, SVV was seen mainly in perivascular skin infiltrates composed of macrophages, dendritic cells, dendrocytes and memory T-cells, implicating hematogenous spread. In ganglia, SVV was found primarily in neurons and occasionally in memory T-cells adjacent to neurons. In conclusion, the data suggest the role of memory T-cells in disseminating SVV to its target organs during primary infection of its natural and immunocompetent host.
A global perspective on assisted reproductive technology fertility treatment: an 8-country fertility specialist survey (2015)

This study, which follows a rigorous survey methodology, elucidates the current state of fertility specialists' practices and perspectives on the global fertility treatment field, which highlights differences and similarities among countries. This research may inform further studies and procedural developments that might better improve and standardize ART.
K -line spectra from tungsten heated by an intense pulsed electron beam (2010)

The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode (PFRP) is an intense source of x-rays ideal for radiography of dense objects. In the PRFP megavoltage electrons from a pulsed discharge concentrate at the pointed end of a 1 mm diameter tapered tungsten rod. Ionization of this plasma might increase the energy of tungsten's Kα(1) fluorescence line, at 59.3182 keV, enough for the difference to be observed by a high-resolution Cauchois transmission crystal spectrograph. When the PFRP's intense hard bremsstrahlung is suppressed by the proper shielding, such an instrument gives excellent fluorescence spectra, albeit with as yet insufficient resolution to see any effect of tungsten's ionization. Higher resolution is possible with various straightforward upgrades that are feasible thanks to the radiation's high intensity.
Live Recombinant Bacterial Vaccines (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Early Efforts to Generate Recombinant Live Bacterial Vaccines Clinical Studies Involving the Development of Live Recombinant Vaccines Live Recombinant Salmonella Vaccines Live Cholera Vaccines Live Shigella Vaccines Expression of Heterologous Antigens in Live Bacterial Vectors The Future
Genetic effects on the liability of developing pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension (2000)

Genetic factors are known to be important in the etiology of pre-eclampsia and possibly also gestational hypertension, but the degree of genetic influence has not been quantified. To estimate the genetic and environmental effects on the liability of developing pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, we cross-linked the population-based Swedish Twin Register and the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We included female twin pairs with known zygosity, both of whom gave birth in Sweden from 1973 through 1993; in all 917 monozygotic and 1,199 dizygotic twin pairs. For pre-eclampsia, the estimates of heritability and nonshared environmental effect were 0. 54 (95% confidence interval 0-0.71) and 0.46 (0.29-0.67), respectively; corresponding estimates for gestational hypertension were 0.24 (0-0.53) and 0.76 (0.47-1.00), respectively. When considering both diseases as a single entity (pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases), the heritability estimate was 0.47 (0.13-0. 61). These results suggest that genetic factors are important in the development of pre-eclampsia as well as gestational hypertension. The heritability estimates can be of importance when planning genetic linkage studies. In efforts to identify women with elevated risk of developing pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, a question about family history of pre-eclampsia should be included.
Interleukin-1 enhances epidermal wound healing. (1990)

Previous in vitro studies suggest that the interleukin-1 (IL-1) proteins may be important for skin function. Keratinocytes are known to synthesize IL-1 in response to injury and IL-1 has been shown to stimulate fibroblast and keratinocyte growth, collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, and chemotaxis of keratinocytes. In order to evaluate the ability of IL-1 to enhance wound healing, recombinant human IL-1 alpha was applied topically in a water-miscible cream to partial thickness wounds made on the backs of pathogen-free adult pigs. The wounded site was excised at various times for assessment of epidermal regeneration. This study shows a statistically significant enhancement of healing of the IL-1-treated wounds compared with either air-exposed or vehicle-treated wounds. Histologic examination of biopsies from IL-1-treated wounds indicated complete and architecturally normal epidermal regeneration. Porcine keratinocytes and membranes prepared from porcine skin were found to possess high affinity receptors for human IL-1 alpha. This study suggests that topical administration of IL-1 may be useful for the promotion of wound healing.