gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Automated Offshore Drilling System (1990)

ABSTRACT The purpose of the project is to develop the "Automated Offshore Drilling System" and to establish its basic design. Since 1984, research. investigation work. design. fabrication, and field test have been executed to develop the "Automated Offshore Drilling System" by Japan Ocean Industries Associations (JOIA), jointly with Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding CO., Ltd.(MES), and other member companies under the auspices of the Ministry of Trade & Industries (MIT!). Field tests of prototype mud pulse MWD and demonstration tests of 1/2 (one-second) scaled pipe handling systems including racking system, top drive system, draw works, Auto Roughneck, Pipe Handler, etc. had been completed successfully. INTRODUCTION The oil & gas extraction from offshore fields has become one quarter(1/4) of the world product. This percentage is expected to increase, and the development targets of future offshore fields will move toward a harsher environmental area, i.e., deeper water and arctic areas. On the other hand, "automation" is the demand of the times, in the industries and all human lives. however, the equipment and system on the drilling rigs seem to be far from automated. The major reason of the above is, the drilling operation strongly depends on experience and special skills of drilling crews. At the same time, a shortage of skilled drilling crews will become a critical issue. The current low level of the day rates earned by offshore drilling rigs and the reduced level of drilling by oil companies, has reduced the R&D efforts. The oil companies and contractors are rather conservative, then the rigs with totally different drilling system such as National A10-32 are very few. Developments of robotic drill pipe handling unit such as Temco in Norway have not been succeeded. R&D PROJECT To meet the demands of the times, MITI has been promoting the "Highly efficient offshore oil & gas drilling project", to develop an "Automated Offshore Drilling System", and entrust its practice to JOIA. This project, started in 1984, has a goal aimed atthe 1989 fiscal year to establish the basic design of the "Automated Offshore Drilling System". The project committee has been organized by JOIA with 12 member companies in Japan, to discuss the R &D work. The philosophy of this project is to develop the "Automated Offshore Drilling System" as an extension of the present concept, the system can be applied to any type of existing drilling rigs with small modifications to some extent. Among many sub-systems to be automated, the following five have been selected for this project:Central control &monitoring systemReal time measuring system (MWD)Mud control systemPipe handling systemBarge control system
HLA-G Molecule (2009)

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule, which was first discovered in 1987 by Geraghty and colleagues. While classical HLA class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, the expression of the HLA-G molecule is highly tissue-restricted, such as to placental trophoblast cells. HLA-G binds inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors B1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j) and LILRB2 (ILT4/CD85d), which are widely expressed on immune cells, to suppress a broad range of immune responses. Thus, the expression of HLA-G in placenta protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. On the other hand, emerging studies have shown the relevance of the HLA-G molecule in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. HLA-G has other unique characteristics, in contrast with classical HLA molecules, including the existence of various forms of HLA-G: several splice variants, subunit-deficient conformations, homodimers, and their combinations have been found. In this review, we highlight the molecular basis for the tolerogenic ability of the HLA-G molecule, especially by LILR recognition of various forms of HLA-G. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of HLA-G molecules.
Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Quantitative Precipitation Estimation: Initial Operating Capabilities (2015)

Abstract Rapid advancements of computer technologies in recent years made the real-time transferring and integration of high-volume, multisource data at a centralized location a possibility. The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system recently implemented at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction demonstrates such capabilities by integrating about 180 operational weather radars from the conterminous United States and Canada into a seamless national 3D radar mosaic with very high spatial (1 km) and temporal (2 min) resolution. The radar data can be integrated with high-resolution numerical weather prediction model data, satellite data, and lightning and rain gauge observations to generate a suite of severe weather and quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products. This paper provides an overview of the initial operating capabilities of MRMS QPE products.
The physiological regulation of glucose flux into muscle<i>in vivo</i> (2010)

Skeletal muscle glucose uptake increases dramatically in response to physical exercise. Moreover, skeletal muscle comprises the vast majority of insulin-sensitive tissue and is a site of dysregulation in the insulin-resistant state. The biochemical and histological composition of the muscle is well defined in a variety of species. However, the functional consequences of muscle biochemical and histological adaptations to physiological and pathophysiological conditions are not well understood. The physiological regulation of muscle glucose uptake is complex. Sites involved in the regulation of muscle glucose uptake are defined by a three-step process consisting of: (1) delivery of glucose to muscle, (2) transport of glucose into the muscle by GLUT4 and (3) phosphorylation of glucose within the muscle by a hexokinase (HK). Muscle blood flow, capillary recruitment and extracellular matrix characteristics determine glucose movement from the blood to the interstitium. Plasma membrane GLUT4 content determines glucose transport into the cell. Muscle HK activity, cellular HK compartmentalization and the concentration of the HK inhibitor glucose 6-phosphate determine the capacity to phosphorylate glucose. Phosphorylation of glucose is irreversible in muscle; therefore, with this reaction, glucose is trapped and the uptake process is complete. Emphasis has been placed on the role of the glucose transport step for glucose influx into muscle with the past assertion that membrane transport is rate limiting. More recent research definitively shows that the distributed control paradigm more accurately defines the regulation of muscle glucose uptake as each of the three steps that define this process are important sites of flux control.
Towards automatic optimization of gait supported by a two channel implantable drop foot stimulator (2001)

An automated system is developed to optimize the timing and magnitudes of stimulation for a twochannel drop foot stimulator on the basis of criteria for the quality of the movement of the foot during the swing phase of gait. These criteria encompass the timing of the start of dorsiflexion movement after heeloff, foot clearance during the swing phase, and balance between inversion and eversion and heel-first foot placement at the end of the swing phase. These criteria are evaluated using a six degrees of freedom inertial sensor system placed on the foot. On the basis of this evaluation, the timing and magnitude of the stimulation are adapted from cycle-to-cycle. The observability of the formulated movement criteria from the inertial sensor measurements have been preliminary evaluated in a patient experiment with and without stimulation of the peroneal nerve. The approach is intended to result in an evaluation and tuning system for clinical use.
Purification and molecular cloning of a DNA ADP-ribosylating protein, CARP-1, from the edible clam <i>Meretrix lamarckii</i> (2006)

The cabbage butterflies Pieris rapae and Pieris brassicae have unique enzymes, named pierisin-1 and -2, respectively, that catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of guanine residues of DNA, which has been linked with induction of apoptosis and mutation in mammalian cell lines. In the present study, we identified ADP-ribosylation activity targeting DNA in six kinds of edible clam. Similar to our observations with pierisin-1 and -2, crude extracts from the clams Meretrix lamarckii, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Corbicula japonica incubated with calf thymus DNA and beta-NAD resulted in production of N(2)-(ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine. The DNA ADP-ribosylating protein in the hard clam M. lamarckii, designated as CARP-1, was purified by column chromatography, and its cDNA was cloned. The cDNA encodes a 182-aa protein with a calculated molecular mass of 20,332. The protein synthesized in vitro from the cDNA in a reticulocyte lysate exhibited the same ADP-ribosylating activity as that of purified CARP-1. Neither the nucleotide nor the deduced amino acid sequence of CARP-1 showed homology with pierisin-1 or -2. However, a glutamic acid residue (E128) at the putative NAD-binding site, conserved in all ADP-ribosyltransferases, was found in CARP-1, and replacement of aspartic acid for this glutamic acid resulted in loss of almost all ADP-ribosylating activity. CARP-1 in the culture medium showed no cytotoxicity against HeLa and TMK-1 cells; however, introduction of this protein by electroporation induced apoptosis in these cells. The finding of clam ADP-ribosylating protein targeting guanine residues in DNA could offer new insights into the biological significance of ADP-ribosylation of DNA.
Increased Gut Permeability and Bacterial Translocation after Chronic Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats (2014)

The epithelium's barrier function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the passage of food antigens and luminal bacteria. This function is essentially subserved by tight junctions (TJs), multiprotein complexes located in the most apical part of the lateral membrane. Some gastrointestinal disease states are associated with elevated intestinal permeability to macromolecules. In a study on rats, we determined the influence of chronic, daily ingestion of chlorpyrifos (CPF, a pesticide that crosses the placental barrier) during pre- and postnatal periods on intestinal permeability and TJ characteristics in the pups. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was used as a marker of paracellular transport and mucosal barrier dysfunction. Pups were gavaged with FITC-dextran solution and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 400 min and analyzed spectrofluorimetrically. At sacrifice, different intestinal segments were resected and prepared for analysis of the transcripts (qPCR) and localization (using immunofluorescence) of ZO-1, occludin and claudins (scaffolding proteins that have a role in the constitution of TJs). In rats that had been exposed to CPF in utero and after birth, we observed a progressive increase in FITC-dextran passage across the epithelial barrier from 210 to 325 min at day 21 after birth (weaning) but not at day 60 (adulthood). At both ages, there were significant changes in intestinal TJ gene expression, with downregulation of ZO-1 and occludin and upregulation of claudins 1 and 4. In some intestinal segments, there were changes in the cellular localization of ZO-1 and claudin 4 immunostaining. Lastly, bacterial translocation to the spleen was also observed. The presence of CPF residues in food may disturb epithelial homeostasis in rats. Changes in TJ protein expression and localization may be involved in gut barrier dysfunction in this model. Uncontrolled passage of macromolecules and bacteria across the intestinal epithelium may be a risk factor for digestive inflammatory diseases.
Circulating Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk (2015)

These data indicate that CRP is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer among HT nonusers. Inflammatory mediators, together with insulin and estrogen, may play a role in the obesity-breast cancer relation.
Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans (2011)

Rodent models of obesity induced by consuming high-fat diet (HFD) are characterized by inflammation both in peripheral tissues and in hypothalamic areas critical for energy homeostasis. Here we report that unlike inflammation in peripheral tissues, which develops as a consequence of obesity, hypothalamic inflammatory signaling was evident in both rats and mice within 1 to 3 days of HFD onset, prior to substantial weight gain. Furthermore, both reactive gliosis and markers suggestive of neuron injury were evident in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats and mice within the first week of HFD feeding. Although these responses temporarily subsided, suggesting that neuroprotective mechanisms may initially limit the damage, with continued HFD feeding, inflammation and gliosis returned permanently to the mediobasal hypothalamus. Consistent with these data in rodents, we found evidence of increased gliosis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of obese humans, as assessed by MRI. These findings collectively suggest that, in both humans and rodent models, obesity is associated with neuronal injury in a brain area crucial for body weight control.
The <i>Acidaminococcus</i> sp. Cas12a nuclease recognizes GTTV and GCTV as non-canonical PAMs (2019)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) nuclease Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a (AsCas12a, also known as AsCpf1) has become a popular alternative to Cas9 for genome editing and other applications. AsCas12a has been associated with a TTTV protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) as part of target recognition. Using a cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL)-based PAM screen, we discovered that AsCas12a can also recognize GTTV and, to a lesser degree, GCTV motifs. Validation experiments involving DNA cleavage in TXTL, plasmid clearance in Escherichia coli, and indel formation in mammalian cells showed that AsCas12a was able to recognize these motifs, with the GTTV motif resulting in higher cleavage efficiency compared to the GCTV motif. We also observed that the -5 position influenced the activity of DNA cleavage in TXTL and in E. coli, with a C at this position resulting in the lowest activity. Together, these results show that wild-type AsCas12a can recognize non-canonical GTTV and GCTV motifs and exemplify why the range of PAMs recognized by Cas nucleases are poorly captured with a consensus sequence.
Synthesis of Multiple Resistance Networks from Single Resistive Films (1963)

A design procedure is described whereby multiple resistance networks can be synthesized from a single layer, monolithic, resistive structure. The method is illustrated by detailing the design of attenuators operating on an image-impedance basis. The single sheet geometry used is a rectangle with conducting tabs placed on its boundary. Conformal transformation techniques are applied to facilitate the computation of the required open-circuit resistance values which characterize a given rectangular geometry. Two SchwarzChristoffel transformations and a bilinear transformation permit the rapid design of a monolithic resistive network meeting prescribed specifications. The mapping of critical points is diagrammed to help the reader clearly visualize the transformations involved. Specific analytical examples are carried out, and curves are presented showing the dependence of network characteristics upon the parameters of sheet resistivity, geometric ratios, and position and size of the conducting tabs. The synthesis of two pads is described to illustrate graphical techniques involved. Both attenuators are designed to operate between 75 \Omega characteristic impedances, and to have 2 db of insertion loss. The first pad is realized by holding tab size constant and deriving the necessary rectangular geometry and resistivity. In the second case, the resistivity is held constant while the required geometry is determined. In general, alternative physical embodiments which are electrically equivalent afford a desirable flexibility from the viewpoint of network fabrication. The above synthesis techniques have been substantiated by the construction and measurement of laboratory models. Experimental data are given which represent the results obtained using tantalum film designs. Excellent correlation with theory is noted. Possible advantages which monolithic single-sheet networks offer over the discrete multiple resistor circuits which they replace are reduction of the number of components, better HF performance, ease of manufacture, and higher reliability due to the need for fewer interconnections. The single-sheet resistive components are notable for their compatibility with current thin-film fabrication techniques.
Hand-held Dynamometer Measurements: Tester Strength Makes a Difference (1991)

Three examiners with measurably different strengths and three muscle groups with distinctly different maximum force productions were used to investigate the effect of tester strength on the magnitude and reliability of hand-held dynamometer (HHD) force measurements. Each examiner measured the shoulder external rotator, elbow flexor, and knee extensor muscles of 27 healthy adults twice during two sessions (one week apart). Intrarater/intrasession, intrarater/intersession, and interrater/intrasession reliability coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Interrater ICCs decreased in magnitude (.932 to .226) as the tested muscle groups increased in force production. Intrarater/intersession ICCs indicated a similar trend. High intrarater/intrasession and interrater/intrasession ICCs calculated from shoulder external rotator measurements indicated that HHD testing for muscle groups generating a mean maximum force of about 120 N may be reliable for clinicians with strengths equal to or exceeding those of the weakest tester in this study. Above 120 N, tester strength appeared to be a major determinant of the magnitude and reliability of the forces measured with a HHD. Further investigation into the relationship between tester strength and the intrarater and interrater reliability of HHD measurements is warranted. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991;13(4):191-198.
Synthesis of some new isoxazolylacetic acid derivatives (1993)

(3-Chloroisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid 1, a known acylating agent, useful for the synthesis of semi-synthetic cephalosporins was synthesized by a new route. Several α-substituted 3-chloroisoxazolylacetic acids 9a, b; 10a, b and 15, potential acylating agents for semi-synthetic β-lactams, were also prepared. The (E)and (Z)-3-chloro-α-methoxyiminoisoxazol-5-ylacetic acids 10a, b were separated and their structures unambiguously determined by 1H NMR spectroscopic and X-ray measurements.
Evaluation of the Performance and Intestinal Gut Microflora of Broilers Fed on Corn-Soy Diets Supplemented With Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) (2007)

In this study, broilers provided feed containing 109 cfu/t Bacillus subtilis PB6 in the finisher phase had a FCR similar to those on Zn bacitracin and significantly better than that of broilers provided nonmedicated feed with no added B. subtilis PB6 (P < 0.05). Over a 42-d period, broilers provided feed with B. subtilis PB6 had comparable feed intake and FCR as the antibiotic control. The counts of Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species of broilers provided feed supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 were not significantly different from the number of these bacteria recovered from broilers provided feed supplemented with antibiotics. Numerically, up to 1- to 2-log10 reduction in the number of Clostridium species recovered was observed in broilers provided feed supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 when compared with both negative and antibiotic controls. In terms of immunological response, birds provided feed supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 had significantly heavier bursas, heterophils with higher in vitro phagoctyosis for Escherichia coli, and lower ileal E. coli populations, indicating a potentiating role of B. subtilis PB6 as a probiotic on the chicken innate immune system.
Functional expression of interleukin 2 receptor in a human factor-dependent megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line: evidence that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits interleukin 2 binding to its receptor. (1993)

Human interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a member of the class of crucial regulators of lymphocyte proliferation. The action of IL-2 is known to be mediated through binding to a specific IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) which comprises at least two distinct proteins: IL-2R alpha (p55) and IL-2R beta (p70-75). However, the expression and function of IL-2R are largely unknown in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. In a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, or stem cell factor-dependent myeloid leukemia cell line (M07E), IL-2 was found to stimulate proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and to augment GM-CSF- and stem cell factor-induced proliferation of M07E cells. The expression of IL-2R beta on M07E cells was detectable with 125I-IL-2 binding and affinity cross-linking analyses and with a monoclonal antibody against IL-2R beta, Mik-beta 1. Although the expression of IL-2R beta was not down-regulated but somewhat up-regulated by treatment with GM-CSF in both mRNA and protein levels, GM-CSF was found to compete (75%) with radiolabeled IL-2 for binding to IL-2R on M07E cells, whereas no competition of GM-CSF binding was observed with IL-2 even at a 400-fold molar excess. These results suggest that IL-2R may be functionally expressed in some cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells and raise the possibility that IL-2 may have some effects on human myelopoiesis.
Geometric primitive extraction using a genetic algorithm (1994)

Extracting geometric primitives from geometric sensor data is an important problem in model-based vision. A minimal subset is the smallest number of points necessary to define a unique instance of a geometric primitive. A genetic algorithm based on a minimal subset representation is used to perform primitive extraction. It is shown that the genetic approach is an improvement over random search and is capable of extracting more complex primitives than the Hough transform.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of granular cold-water-soluble starches by alcoholic-alkaline treatment (1994)

Granular cold-water-soluble starches were prepared by an alcoholic-alkaline treatment. Native starches were treated with mixtures of ethanol and NaOH solution to swell starch granules. The treated starches were then neutralized with HCl, washed, and dried at 80 o C for 3 hr. The method was effective with a wide variety of starches, including normal, high-amylose, and waxy starches. The efficacy of the method depended mainly on starch variety, concentration of ethanol and NaOH, and reaction temperature. Different reaction conditions gave products different properties. Lesser concentrations of ethanol, greater concentrations of NaOH, or higher reaction temperatures gave the resulting starches better cold-water solubility. The resulting starches displayed cold-water solubility of ∼70-90%. A trace amount of small molecules, mainly amylose, was leached out in the supernatant during the preparation. Total weight losses were ∼0.01, 0.4, and 1.9% for waxy maize, normal maize, and high-amylose maize starches, respectively
p53 Activation by Small Molecules: Application in Oncology (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.