gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New One-Chip Dataline Processor for the Video Programming System (VPS) (1987)

The Dataline Processor is a one-chip solution for receiving and decoding the VPS data, designed in a newly developed low power bipolar process. The decoded information is accessable via an I2C-bus interface. Low power consumption of 100 mV and few external components are features of this circuit.
Molecular Beacon–Based Temperature Control and Automated Analyses for Improved Resolution of Melting Temperature Analysis Using SYBR I Green Chemistry (2006)

Melting temperature analyses with SYBR I Green chemistry on conventional qPCR instruments can be improved by the use of a Tm-probe in conjunction with curve-fit analysis of data. Resolution improvement up to 3-fold is possible and allows additional melting temperatures to be identified.
Obesity and Preference-Weighted Quality of Life of Ethnically Diverse Middle School Children: The HEALTHY Study (2013)

To date, studies examining the relation between body mass index percentile (BMI%) categories and health-related quality of life (QOL) measurements have not reported preference-weighted scores among ethnically diverse children. We report the associations between BMI% categories and preference-weighted scores among a large cohort of ethnically diverse sixth grade children who participated in the HEALTHY school-based type 2 diabetes risk factor prevention study. Health Utility Index 2 (HUI2) and Health Utility Index 3 (HUI3) and the feeling thermometer (FT) were the preference-weighted QOL instruments used to measure student's preference scores. Of 6358 consented students, 4979 (78.3%) had complete QOL, height, weight, and covariate data. Mean (SD) preference scores were 0.846 (0.160), 0.796 (0.237), and 0.806 (0.161) for the HUI2, HUI3, and FT, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, blood glucose and insulin, Tanner stage, race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and educational attainment, children with severe obesity (>99%) had significantly lower preference scores compared to normal weight on all three instruments (HUI2 P = 0.013; HUI3 P = 0.025; and FT P < 0.001). Obese and severe obese categories were significantly associated with lower HUI2 functional ratings in the mobility domain and with lower HUI3 functional ratings in the speech domain.
α‐MSH and neurofilament M‐protein share a continuous epitope but not extended sequences (1985)

The long recognized neurofibrillary immunoreactivity of the nervous system with alpha-MSH antibodies arises from an epitope on neurofilament M-protein which we have now characterized. It is situated in the amino terminal residues where M-protein and alpha-MSH exhibit similar but not identical sequences. Their divergence past residue 5 precludes a physiological significance of the crossreactivity which seems to have arisen fortuitously. Our results question previous speculations as to the existence of extrapituitary alpha-MSH-like hormones.
The impact of antenna diversity on the capacity of wireless communication systems (1994)

For a broad class of interference-dominated wireless systems including mobile, personal communications, and wireless PBX/LAN networks, the authors show that a significant increase in system capacity can be achieved by the use of spatial diversity (multiple antennas), and optimum combining. This is explained by the following observation: for independent flat-Rayleigh fading wireless systems with N mutually interfering users, they demonstrate that with K+N antennas, N-1 interferers can be nulled out and K+1 path diversity improvement can be achieved by each of the N users. Monte Carlo evaluations show that these results also hold with frequency-selective fading when optimum equalization is used at the receiver. Thus an N-fold increase in user capacity can be achieved, allowing for modular growth and improved performance by increasing the number of antennas. The interferers can also be users in other cells, users in other radio systems, or even other types of radiating devices, and thus interference cancellation also allows radio systems to operate in high interference environments. As an example of the potential system gain, the authors show that with 2 or 3 antennas the capacity of the mobile radio system IS-54 can be doubled, and with 5 antennas a 7-fold capacity increase (frequency reuse in every cell) can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chronic fatigue syndrome (1997)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
The alarm problem and directed attention in dynamic fault management (1995)

This paper uses results of field studies from multiple domains to explore the cognitive activities involved in dynamic fault management. Fault diagnosis has a different character in dynamic fault management situations as compared to troubleshooting a broken device that has been removed from service. In fault management there is some underlying process (an engineered or physiological process that will be referred to as the monitored process) whose state changes over time. Faults disturb the monitored process and diagnosis goes on in parallel with responses to maintain process integrity and to correct the underlying problem. These situations frequently involve time pressure, multiple interacting goals, high consequences of failure, and multiple interleaved tasks. Typical examples of fields of practice where dynamic fault management occurs include flight deck operations in commercial aviation, control of space systems, anaesthetic management under surgery, and terrestrial process control. The point of departure is the &.lsquo;alarm problem’, which is used to introduce an attentional view of alarm systems as tools for supporting dynamic fault management. The work is based on the concept of directed attention—a cognitive function that inherently involves the co-ordination of multiple agents through the use of external media. Directed attention suggests several techniques for developing more effective alarm systems.
Quadruplex-Flanking Stem Structures Modulate the Stability and Metal Ion Preferences of RNA Mimics of GFP (2016)

The spinach family of RNA aptamers are RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) that have previously been designed to address the challenges of imaging RNA inside living cells. However, relatively low levels of free intracellular magnesium limited the practical use of these aptamers. Recent cell-based selections identified the broccoli RNA aptamer, which requires less magnesium for fluorescence, but the basis for magnesium preference remained unclear. Here, we find that the broccoli RNA structure is very similar to that of baby spinach, a truncated version of the spinach aptamer. Differences in stability and metal ion preferences between these two aptamers, and among broccoli mutants, are primarily associated with the sequence and structure of predicted quadruplex-flanking stem structures. Mutation of purine-purine pairs in broccoli at the terminal stem-quadruplex transition caused reversion of broccoli to a higher magnesium dependence. Unique duplex-to-quadruplex transitions in GFP-mimic RNAs likely explain their sensitivity to magnesium for stability and fluorescence. Thus, optimizations designed to improve aptamers should take into consideration the role of metal ions in stabilizing the transitions and interactions between independently folding RNA structural motifs.
Sub-Terabyte-Data-Capacity Optical Discs Realized by Three-Dimensional Pit Selection (2006)

To realize optical discs with the sub-terabyte data capacity, we propose the three-dimensional pit selection (3DPS) method where a single data pit to be read out in a multi-layer disc is selected three-dimensionally to obtain super-resolution in the disc plane and to reduce layer cross-talk. To examine the feasibility of this method, the phase-change pit capsule method was tested where the data pits consist of a phase-change material which melts during readout. The super-resolution effect was observed for both layers of a dual-layer disc. It was shown that a quadric-layer disc can be designed because of the high transmittance of each layer. Thus, 3DPS is considered to have the potential for a data capacity of hundreds of gigabytes with a conventional optical system.
Control of Cellular Organization Around Collagen Beads using Dielectrophoresis (2012)

Tissues formed by cells seeded in hydrogels are used for biotechnology, cell-based assays, and tissue engineering. We have previously presented a cell-micropatterning technique that localizes live cells within hydrogels using dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces, and have demonstrated the ability to modulate tissue function through the control of microscale cell architecture. In this study, we developed a novel cell patterning technology for accumulating cells around collagen micro-beads. As a case study, we produce collagen-alginate beads for scaffold and accumulate chondrocytes around the micro-beads by combining DEP force and flow of the buffer solution. This approach enables an expanded range of studies examining the influence of 3D cellular architecture on microscale levels.
Integrated Ionization Approach for RRLC−MS/MS-based Metabonomics: Finding Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer (2010)

An integrated ionization approach of electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) combining with rapid resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS) has been developed for performing global metabonomic analysis on complex biological samples. This approach was designed to overcome the low ionization efficiencies of endogenous metabolites due to diverse physicochemical properties as well as ion suppression, and obtain comprehensive metabolite profiles in LC-MS analysis. Ionization capability and applicability were manifested by improved ionization efficiency and enlarged metabolite coverage in analysis on typical urinary metabolite standards and urine samples from healthy volunteers. The method was validated by the limit of detection and precision. When applied to the global metabonomic studies of lung cancer, more comprehensive biomarker candidates were obtained to reflect metabolic traits between healthy volunteers and lung cancer patients, including 74 potential biomarkers in positive ion mode and 59 in negative ion mode. Taking identical potential biomarkers of any two or three ionization methods into account, analysis using ESI-MS in positive (+) and negative (-) ion mode contributed to 70 and 64% of the total potential biomarkers, respectively. The biomarker discovery capability of (+/-) APCI-MS accounted for 45 and 42% of the overall; meanwhile (+/-) APPI-MS amounted for 39 and 54%. These results indicated that potential biomarkers with vital biological information could be missed if only a single ionization method was used. Furthermore, 11 potential biomarkers were identified including amino acids, nucleosides, and a metabolite of indole. They revealed elevated amino acid and nucleoside metabolism as well as protein degradation in lung cancer patients. This proposed approach provided a more comprehensive picture of the metabolic changes and further verified identical biomarkers that were obtained simultaneously using different ionization methods.
Modeling Curiosity-Related Emotions for Virtual Peer Learners (2013)

With the advances in computer graphics, communication technologies and networking, virtual worlds are rapidly becoming part of the educational technology landscape [1]. Dede [2] suggests that the immersive interfaces offered by virtual worlds can promote learning, by enabling the design of educational experiences that are challenging or even impossible to duplicate in real world. In recent years, the usage of virtual worlds within the educational context is growing quickly. The New Media Consortium (NMC) Annual Survey on Second Life (SL) received 170% increase in response rate between 2007 and 2008. They also found that many of the educators who earlier used the existing SL, have started creating their own virtual worlds in less than a year's time [3].
Preparation of a monoclonal antibody and development of an indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of chlorpromazine residue in chicken and swine liver (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic drug used to make food‐producing animals calm and promote growth as feed additives. Accumulation of chlorpromazine in animal bodies would cause side effects in the circulatory and nervous systems, and have adverse effects on blood cells, the skin and the eye. To detect the chlorpromazine residue in food producing animals, an indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed based on preparation of an anti‐chlorpromazine monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The antibody generated from immunogen of cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) coupled with chlorpromazine showed high sensitivity toward chlorpromazine with an IC 50 value of 0.73 ppb. The ELISA method was applied to detect swine liver and chicken samples spiked by chlorpromazine and satisfactory results were obtained. The recovery rates in chicken and swine liver were in the range of 88–95% and 86–95%, respectively; the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were both < 15.3% and < 13.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: An indirect competitive ELISA method based on a monoclonal antibody towards chlorpromazine with excellent sensitivity and specificity has been successfully developed. The immunoassay provided in this study was a hopeful alternative to chromatography spectrometry for regulatory analysis of chlorpromazine residue in food‐producing animals. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Preferential oxidation of Si in SiGe for shaping Ge-rich SiGe gate stacks (2015)

The oxidation of SiGe is quite different from that of Si or Ge. By paying attention to the oxidation kinetics of SiGe, a gate stack formation guideline on SiGe is proposed. Based on the understanding of oxidation kinetics, we design the gate stack formation process and demonstrate very good C-V characteristics on SiGe with Si-cap free passivation, by direct deposition of a designed dielectric film, followed by an optimal post-deposition annealing.
Grasping of Planar Objects Using Visual Perception (2006)

This paper presents an algorithm to compute a feasible region for grasping unknown 2D objects using visual features. The algorithm is divided into two sections: visual information extraction that contains the object's features and grasp planning that contains the valid grasps. A relationship between visual features and grasp planning is proposed. Our approach uses three-fingers contact with friction and defines valid and robust grasps from a set of candidate grasps. Each set of three candidate of grasping points is formulated as linear constraints and solved using linear programming solvers. An experimental environment was developed to test this method on three objects.
Cutting Edge: Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Induced by IL-2 and TGF-β Are Resistant to Th17 Conversion by IL-6 (2008)

TGF-beta has pleiotropic effects on T cell differentiation that are determined by other cytokines in the local environment. Whereas IL-2 and TGF-beta induce naive T cells to become forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) positive regulatory cells (iTregs), the combination of IL-6 and TGF-beta induces IL-17-producing cells (Th17). Moreover, IL-6 can use TGF-beta produced by thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) to convert them to Th17 cells. In this study, we report a major difference between iTregs and nTregs. Treatment of iTregs with IL-6 did not affect Foxp3 expression, and their suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo was intact. To explain this difference between nTregs and iTregs, we found that IL-2 and TGF-beta down-regulate IL-6 receptor expression and IL-6 signaling. The resistance of iTregs to Th17 conversion suggests that they can function more effectively than nTregs in an inflammatory milieu and emphasizes the central role of IL-2 in combination with TGF-beta to maintain immunologic homeostasis.
Comparison of nuclear matrix protein 22 and bladder tumor antigen in urine of patients with bladder cancer. (1999)

Recently, two new tumor markers for bladder cancer have been introduced: NMP22 test and BTA TRAK assay. This study was designed to evaluate the urinary values of these two proteins using quantitative enzyme immunoassays in well microplates. Urine samples from 47 healthy subjects, 26 with benign genitourinary disorders and 109 patients with a histological diagnosis of bladder cancer were collected. The specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and the efficiency were established for NMP 22 and BTA, and the cut off values were fixed at a specificity of 95% in the benign disease group (12 U/ml and 23 U/ml respectively). We observed a very high concordance between the two urinary tumor markers (73%), although the overall sensitivity of BTA in bladder cancer patients seems to be better than that of NMP22 (62% vs 54% respectively), especially in the superficial disease group (36% for BTA and 14% for NMP22).
Titanium η<sup>1</sup>-Pyrrolyl Complexes:  Electronic and Structural Characteristics Imposed by the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Di(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)-<i>N</i>-methylamine (dpma) Ligand (2001)

A new tridentate pyrrolyl-based ligand (dpma) has been utilized in the syntheses of two unusual titanium complexes. The trigonal bipyramidal species allow direct structural comparison between dialkylamido, pyrrolyl, and amine ligands within the same coordination sphere. Pyrrolyl ligands have greatly reduced π-donating ability relative to dialkylamides, which leads to Ti−N(pyrrolyl) distances that are ∼0.14 Å longer than the dimethylamido substituents. Reduced π-donation relative to dialkylamido by the pyrrolyl substituents seems to result in enhanced Lewis acidity for dpma derivatives.
A new error control scheme for packetized voice over high-speed local area networks (2002)

A new, unified approach towards the delay and error constraints that influence the quality of a digitized voice over asynchronous local computer networks is proposed. This approach, called Slack automatic repeat request (ARQ) (S-ARQ), proposes an extension of the control time mechanism for jitter control in order to provide error recovery through retransmissions in the case of packet losses in the network. While existing packet voice protocols do not use retransmission schemes, the authors' simulation studies indicate that extended control time can provide significant error coverage while remaining within the same order of magnitude as the control time required for jitter control. Simulation experiments reveal that the concept is clearly feasible within the end-to-end delay constraints in packet voice transmissions.
CO<sub>2</sub> as a Carbon Neutral Fuel Source via Enhanced Biomass Gasification (2009)

The gas evolution, mass decay behavior and energy content of several woods, grasses, and agricultural residues were examined with steam and CO(2) gasification using thermogravimetric analysis and gas chromatography. CO(2) concentrations were varied between 0 and 100% with steam as a coreactant. Carbon conversion was complete with 25% CO(2)/75% steam compared to 90% conversion with pure steam in the temperature range of 800-1000 degrees C. The largest effect was from 0-5% CO(2) introduction where CO concentration increased by a factor of 10 and H(2) decreased by a factor of 3.3 at 900 degrees C. Increasing CO(2) from 5 to 50% resulted in continued CO increases and H(2) decrease by a factor of 3 at 900 degrees C. This yielded a H(2)/CO ratio that could be adjusted from 5.5 at a 0% CO(2) to 0.25 at a 50% CO(2) concentration. Selection of the gasification parameters, such as heating rate, also enabled greater control in the separation of cellulose from lignin via thermal treatment. 100% CO(2) concentration enabled near complete separation of cellulose from lignin at 380 degrees C using a 1 degrees C min(-1) heating rate. Similar trends were observed with coal and municipal solid waste (MSW) as feedstock. The likely mechanism is the ability for CO(2) to enhance the pore structure, particularly the micropores, of the residual carbon skeleton after drying and devolatilization providing access for CO(2) to efficiently gasify the solid.
The VisualAge for Smalltalk primer (1997)

1. Smalltalk object model and its implementation 2. Graphics programming 3. User interface construction 4. Visual programming with VisualAge 5. The Smalltalk language 6. The base classes 7. Common graphics 8. Common widgets 9. VisualAge parts 10. Database function parts.
Reduction in particle density of laser-deposited YBa2Cu3O7 thin films by low-energy ultraviolet radiation (1994)

The effect of nanosecond pulsed excimer laser irradiation on the particle distribution and density of laser-deposited YBa2Cu3O7 thin films was investigated. High-TC YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films with thicknesses varying from 800 to 2000 Å were deposited on (100) LaAlO3 and (100) yttria stabilized zirconia substrates. The as-deposited films were characterized by a distribution of particles on the film’s surface. The effect of controlled low energy density pulses (fluence, E=50–250 mJ/cm2, wavelength λ=248–308 nm, and pulse duration τ=20–45×10−9 s) on these films was investigated. A significant reduction of particles was observed in films after single pulse irradiation at fluences below 150 mJ/cm2. Multiple pulses did not have any further change on the surface morphology. The possible mechanisms for particle removal are also discussed.
Critical assessment of a two-dimensional hybrid Hall thruster model: Comparisons with experiments (2004)

A discussion is presented on the results and predictive capabilities of a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid Hall effect thruster (HET) model. It is well known that classical (collision-induced) cross-field electron transport and energy losses are not sufficient to explain the observed HET characteristics. The 2D, quasineutral, hybrid discharge model uses empirical parameters to describe additional, anomalous electron transport and energy loss phenomena. It is shown that, for properly adjusted empirical parameters, the model can qualitatively reproduce the observed thruster behavior over a large range of operating conditions. The ionization and transit-time oscillations predicted by the model are described, and their consequences on the time-averaged thruster properties are discussed. Finally, the influence of the empirical parameters on the model results is shown, especially on quantities that can be measured experimentally.
Antibiotics in late clinical development (2016)

Most pharmaceutical companies have stopped or have severely limited investments to discover and develop new antibiotics to treat the increasing prevalence of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, because the return on investment has been mostly negative for antibiotics that received marketing approved in the last few decades. In contrast, a few small companies have taken on this challenge and are developing new antibiotics. This review describes those antibiotics in late-stage clinical development. Most of them belong to existing antibiotic classes and a few with a narrow spectrum of activity are novel compounds directed against novel targets. The reasons for some of the past failures to find new molecules and a path forward to help attract investments to fund discovery of new antibiotics are described.