gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron Scintillators Using Wavelength Shifting Fibers (1996)

A proposed design for an optically-based, one-dimension scintillation detector to replace the gas-filled position-sensitive proportional counter currently used for a wide-angle neutron detector (WAND) at the High-Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is presented. The scintillator, consisting of a mixture of 6 LiF and ZnS(Ag) powders in an epoxy binder, is coupled to an array of wavelength shifting optical fibers which provide position resolution. The wide-angle neutron detector is designed to cover a 120 degree arc with a 75 cm radius of curvature. The final detector design provides for 600 optical fibers coupled to the scintillator screen with an angular resolution of 0.2 degrees. Each individual pixel of the detector will be capable of operating at count rates exceeding 1 MHz. Results are presented from the measurement of neutron conversion efficiencies for several screen compositions, gamma-ray sensitivity and spatial resolution of a 16 element one-dimensional array prototype.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Calcium Fluoroborate, Ca5(BO3)3F. (1990)

Abstract A search for new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals among the anhydrous borates leads to the preparation of the new NLO crystal Ca 5 (BO 3 ) 3 F (flux method using CaCO 3 , H 3 BO 3 , and CaF 2 ).
The inflammatory response of rabbit skin to topical arachidonic acid and its pharmacological modulation (1986)

The inflammatory reaction induced by the intradermal injection of arachidonic acid into the rabbit dermis has been investigated. Plasma extravasation was measured by the leakage of 125I-albumin into the tissues and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) accumulation was assessed histologically. Arachidonic, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acids, but not oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids, caused a concentration-related plasma extravasation following their intra-dermal injection. The plasma extravasation induced by arachidonic acid was dependent on PMNLs. PMNL infiltration and plasma extravasation into arachidonic acid-injected skin sites was inhibited by the mixed cyclo-oxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW755C. Arachidonic acid-induced plasma extravasation was inhibited by cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors but not by the Paf antagonist, kadsurenone. The inflammation induced by arachidonic acid in the rabbit dermis may be a useful model for evaluating 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors which could be potentially useful anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases.
Erratum: “Vertical scaling of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors using top gate electrodes” [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>80</b>, 3817 (2002)] (2002)

First Page
Aortography; a discussion of technique and complications. (1954)

Aortography is valuable in the demonstration of vascular blocks, in determining the exact location of the disease and as a guide to surgeons if operation is done. Since complications may develop, indications for the procedure should be carefully considered. One death and 15 nonfatal complications occurred in 594 cases in which the authors made angiographic examinations.A technique is described which takes a minimum of time.
Speech transformations based on a sinusoidal representation (2005)

This paper presents a new speech analysis/synthesis technique based on a sinusoidal representation of the speech production mechanism but which is independent of pitch and the voiced/unvoiced speech state. The resulting synthetic speech preserves the waveform shape and is essentially perceptually indistinguishable from the original. The method provides the basis for a general class of speech transformations and is successfully applied to time-scale modification, frequency scaling, and scaling of pitch. Furthermore, these modifications can be performed with a time-varying rate of change, allowing, for example, continuous adjustment of a speaker's fundamental frequency and rate of articulation. Although the analysis/synthesis system was originally designed for single-speaker signals, it is equally capable of recovering and modifying nonspeech signals such as music, multi-speakers, marine biologic sounds, and speech in the presence of interferences such as noise and musical backgrounds.
Exploratory behaviors and the design of computer instruction manuals in hypertext (1990)

This study explores the problem of designing an environment for the learning of procedures using an hypertext environment. It presents an HYPERCARD interface for the learning of database procedures for the EXCEL spreadsheet. Direct manipulation interfaces (Shneiderman, 1982) encourage exploration and learning, but are not very effective for complex and abstract applications, which require planning and the coordination of many operations. For these interfaces, written documentation and help features are generally too fragmented and static. As for rigid tutorials they prove ineffective for the learning of complex procedures, as they leave no room for inferences. We will discuss the design of a learning environment to encourage and support exploration in this context. The system is based on a protocol analysis of users reading the written documentation and trying the system. Semantic, syntactic and process analyses have shown how users build their representations of the procedures to be learned (lexical ambiguities, inversion of sequences, search for illustrations, etc.). Based on this user model and drawing from studies on learning, a new environment was developed in Hypercard which put forward an interactional structure for the learning of direct manipulation procedures. Inspired both by the G.O.M.S. model (Card, Newell and Moran, 1983) and by "planning interfaces" (Miller, 1982), it first presents the hierarchy of goals, then outlines methods with accessible definitions, examples, exercises and various tests. Only there after these are alternative methods and selection rules explained. As in "planning interfaces", the system offers explanation both at the general level of goals and methods and at the concrete level of their integration into concrete examples. The user is free to explore this "training wheel" environment, where aspects of the Excel environment are simulated and gradually made accessible, with appropriate guidance and feedback.
A Brief Analysis on College Moral Education in the Epoch of Network (2010)

In the modern days of information, Network teaching, which is convenient swift and highly efficient, has brought enormous opportunities for the teaching and research work of colleges. Yet the chaotic and illusion world of Network, due to its large amounts of negative information, has virtually brought great challenges to colleges’ ideological and educational work. How to use the Network properly to promote colleges’ ideological and educational work has become a big problem for us.
Flexible Instruments for Endovascular Interventions: Improved Magnetic Steering, Actuation, and Image-Guided Surgical Instruments (2018)

Endovascular surgery has gained broad acceptance in the last few years. The current practice of endovascular procedures is limited by factors including patient-specific operation requirements, high-risk surgery procedures, and time-consuming operations. To address this, magnetically actuated surgical catheters have been introduced to the field of surgical robotics. Recently, advances in steerable catheters and developments in magnetic steering have been studied. However, limited research has been conducted to quantify the effectiveness of magnetic actuation for catheterization procedures. Endovascular interventions employing magnetically actuated catheters deliver the promise of higher accuracy and shorter duration when compared to current, manual techniques. Moreover, they allow surgeons access to areas of cardiovascular systems that cannot be reached with standard, minimally invasive techniques.
Studies of a mechanism inhibiting the initiation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation (1987)

We have extended earlier studies (Blood 66:204, 1985) of a mechanism of inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity that requires a plasma component (called herein extrinsic pathway inhibitor or EPI) and factor Xa. An activated peptide release assay using 3H-factor IX as a substrate was used to evaluate inhibition. Increasing the tissue factor concentration from 20% to 40% (vol/vol) overcame the inhibitory mechanism in normal plasma but not in factor VII-deficient plasma supplemented with a low concentration of factor VII. A second wave of factor IX activation obtained by a second addition of tissue factor to plasma with a normal factor VII concentration was almost abolished by supplementing the reaction mixture with additional EPI and factor X. Factor Xa's active site was necessary for factor Xa's contribution to inhibition, but preliminary incubation of factor Xa with EPI in the absence of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex or of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex in the absence of EPI did not replace the need for the simultaneous presence of factor Xa, factor VIIa/tissue factor, calcium, and EPI in an inhibitory reaction mixture. Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor was reversible; both tissue factor and factor VIIa activity could be recovered from a dissociated, inhibited factor VIIa/tissue factor complex. EPI appeared to bind to a factor VIIa/tissue factor complex formed in the presence of factor Xa but not to a factor VIIa/tissue factor complex formed in the absence of factor Xa.
Precursors of the Cocoa‐Specific Aroma Components are Derived from the Vicilin‐Class (7S) Globulin of the Cocoa Seeds by Proteolytic Processing (1995)

Abstract Essential precursors of the cocoa‐specific aroma components are formed during fermentation of cocoa seeds in the tropics. During the past decades, indications have accumulated that these aroma precursors are derived from seed proteins by acid‐induced proteolysis. This has been recently corroborated by in vitro studies on the formation of the aroma‐related components. It has been shown that the essential proteolysis products are derived from the vicilin‐class (7S) globulins of the cocoa seeds by the cooperative action of an endogenous aspartic endoprotease and a carboxypeptidase.
THE DIFFUSION-MULTIPLE APPROACH TO DESIGNING ALLOYS (2005)

▪ Abstract The diffusion-multiple approach—the creation of composition gradients and intermetallic phases by long-term annealing of junctions of three or more phases/alloys—enables the generation of a large number of phases and compositions for efficient mapping of phase diagrams, phase properties, and kinetics. With an efficiency much higher than that of a conventional approach, many critical materials data, which otherwise would be too time-consuming and expensive to acquire, can be obtained and employed to accelerate alloy design. The critical data for structural materials design include phase diagrams, diffusion coefficients, precipitation kinetics, solution-strengthening effects, and precipitation-strengthening effects. All these data can be obtained from diffusion multiples. The combination of the diffusion-multiple approach with the CALPHAD approach can impact computational design of structural materials. The diffusion-multiple approach can also be applied to combinatorial screening of functional materials having unique physical, chemical, or other properties when micro-scale measurement techniques are available for these properties. Examples are shown to illustrate the progress made to date on applying the diffusion-multiple approach to accelerated design/discovery of materials.
Orthogonal Fuzzy Neighborhood Discriminant Analysis for Multifunction Myoelectric Hand Control (2010)

Developing accurate and powerful electromyogram (EMG) driven prostheses controllers that can provide the amputees with effective control on their artificial limbs, has been the focus of a great deal of research in the past few years. One of the major challenges in such research is extracting an informative subset of features that can best discriminate between the different forearm movements. In this paper, a new dimensionality reduction method, referred to as orthogonal fuzzy neighborhood discriminant analysis (OFNDA), is proposed as a response to such a challenge. Unlike existing attempts in fuzzy linear discriminant analysis, the objective of the proposed OFNDA is to minimize the distance between samples that belong to the same class and maximize the distance between the centers of different classes, while taking into account the contribution of the samples to the different classes. The proposed OFNDA is validated on EMG datasets collected from seven subjects performing a range of 5 to 10 classes of forearm movements. Practical results indicate the significance of OFNDA in comparison to many other feature projection methods (including locality preserving and uncorrelated variants of discriminant analysis) with accuracies ranging from 97.66% to 87.84% for 5 to 10 classes of movements, respectively, using only two EMG electrodes.
Growth and Inactivation of Microorganisms Isolated from Ultrapasteurized Egg (1987)

ABSTRACT Microorganisms which survived and grew at 4° or 10°C in ultrapasteurized, aseptically packaged liquid whole egg were isolated and identified. Growth at 4° and 10°C, and inactivation from 50 to 70°C, of selected isolates were evaluated in ultrapasteurized egg. Bacillus circulans and a Pseuriomonas species grew well at 4°C. with generation times of 1.0 and 0.3 days, respectively. Enterococcus fuecalis and B. circulans were the most heat resistant isolates studied. Because B. circulans grew at 4°C and was relatively heat resistant it would be a useful test organism for many applications while E. faecalis would be useful since it was heat resistant and would grow rapidly when the storage temperature is less than ideal.
Histone variant macroH2A1 deletion in mice causes female-specific steatosis (2010)

Because TBG is the main carrier of the thyroid hormone T4, which regulates energy metabolism, we propose that overexpression of TBG is responsible for the fat accumulation observed in H2afy-deficient liver. Moreover, our results suggest that the sexual dimorphism of the steatotic phenotype is probably due to the different incorporation of macroH2A1 in males and females. In combination with previous studies, our data demonstrate a role for macroH2A1 in regulating homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner, subject to genetic background.
UMOS transistors on (1980)

When common V-groove etching techniques are applied to
Comparative Measurement of Pelvic Floor Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Pelvic Pain (2007)

II.
Aligning microcavity resonances in silicon photonic-crystal slabs using laser-pumped thermal tuning (2008)

We report the postfabrication alignment of multiple microcavity resonances in silicon photonic-crystal (PhC) slabs using laser-pumped thermal tuning. The thermal gradient resulting from a focused laser spot was used to differentially tune the resonant wavelengths of two microcavities spaced about 50μm apart. The resonant wavelengths could be brought closer together, over a tunable range of more than 5nm. A cross over in the resonant wavelengths was demonstrated, showing that two microcavities can be tuned to the identical wavelength. The results show that differential thermal tuning can be used to remove slight fabrication differences in nominally identical microcavities, relaxing the fabrication tolerances that will be required to realize coupled-resonator structures in PhCs.
Reliability of Solid-State Drives Based on NAND Flash Memory (2017)

This paper reviews the reliability of solid-state drives (SSDs) based on NAND Flash memory from the perspectives of failure mechanisms, design mitigations, qualification methods, and field failure rates. NAND reliability is dominated by gradual memory-cell degradation in late life and defects such as interconnect shorts earlier in life. Design mitigations exist for these mechanisms. Qualification methods standardized in JEDEC JESD218 are designed to evaluate the mechanisms and mitigations, over a full drive lifetime, in the laboratory. Full-lifetime qualification provides confidence in the long-term reliability of SSDs that cannot be achieved by the early-life qualifications performed on hard disk drives. If NAND mechanisms are sufficiently suppressed, field reliability will be dominated by non-NAND mechanisms such as firmware bugs, power-loss events, radiation-induced soft errors, and failures in non-NAND components. A wide range of design validation and qualification tests are necessary to evaluate these non-NAND mechanisms. Published field reliability statistics indicate that SSDs are more reliable on average than HDDs, but they are not immune to failure, and there is wide variation among models. The NAND and non-NAND mechanisms are illustrated through new case studies of SSD internal qualification and field reliability data.
Light-Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanoantennas (2018)

Nanoantennas made of high-index dielectrics with low losses in visible and infrared frequency ranges have emerged as a novel platform for advanced nanophotonic devices. On the other hand, halide perovskites are known to possess high refractive index, and they support excitons at room temperature with high binding energies and quantum yield of luminescence that makes them very attractive for all-dielectric resonant nanophotonics. Here we employ halide perovskites to create light-emitting nanoantennas with enhanced photoluminescence due to the coupling of their excitons to dipolar and multipolar Mie resonances. We demonstrate that the halide perovskite nanoantennas can emit light in the range of 530-770 nm depending on their composition. We employ a simple technique based on laser ablation of thin films prepared by wet-chemistry methods as a novel cost-effective approach for the fabrication of resonant perovskite nanostructures.
Observations (1970)

Nicolas François. Observations. In: Économie rurale. N°83, 1970. Du nouveau à l'Est, sous la direction de Ngo Phuc Thanh et Joseph le Bihan. pp. 21-22.
An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes (2015)

The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.
Robust camera calibration tool for video surveillance camera in urban environment (2011)

Video surveillance applications such as smart room and security system are prevailing nowadays. Camera calibration information (e.g. camera position, orientation, and focal length) is very useful for various surveillance systems because it can provide scene knowledge and limit search space for object detection or tracking. In this paper, we describe a camera calibration tool that does not require any calibration object or specific geometric objects by using vanishing points. In urban environment, vanishing points are easily obtainable since there exist many parallel lines such as street lines, light poles, buildings, etc in either outdoor or indoor scene images. Experimental results from various surveillance cameras are presented.
One-Dimensional Analysis of the Hydrodynamic and Thermal Characteristics of Thin Film Flows Including the Hydraulic Jump and Rotation (1990)

The flow of a thin liquid film with a free surface along a horizontal plate that emanates from a pressurized vessel is examined numerically. In one g, a hydraulic jump was predicted in both plane and radial flow, which could be forced away from the inlet by increasing the inlet Froude number or Reynolds number. In zero g, the hydraulic jump was not predicted. The effect of solid-body rotation for radial flow in one g was to “wash out” the hydraulic jump and to decrease the film height on the disk. The liquid film heights under one g and zero g were equal under solid-body rotation because the effect of centrifugal force was much greater than that of the gravitational force. The heat transfer to a film on a rotating disk was predicted to be greater than that of a stationary disk because the liquid film is extremely thin and is moving with a very high velocity.
Combined Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer with Mithramycin A and Tolfenamic Acid Promotes Sp1 Degradation and Synergistic Antitumor Activity (2010)

Mithramycin (MIT) and tolfenamic acid (TA) inhibit the activity of the transcription factor Sp1. In the present study, we investigated whether pancreatic cancer treatment with a combination of these compounds has a synergistic effect on Sp1 activity, tumor growth, and their underlying response mechanisms. Treatment of pancreatic tumor xenografts with MIT and TA produced dose-dependent antitumor activity, and significant antitumor activity of either compound alone was directly associated with systemic side effects. Combination treatment with nontoxic doses of both compounds produced synergistic antitumor activity, whereas treatment with a nontoxic dose of either compound alone lacked a discernible antitumor effect. Synergistic therapeutic effects correlated directly with synergistic antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, combination treatment resulted in Sp1 protein degradation, drastically downregulating expression of Sp1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our findings established that Sp1 is a critical target of TA and MIT in human pancreatic cancer therapy, rationalizing clinical studies to determine the effect of existing pancreatic cancer therapy regimens on Sp1 signaling in tumors and normal pancreatic tissue, and the ability of Sp1-targeting strategies to modify cancer responses.
Synthesis of plasticizing polyesters of dimer acid and propane–diol (1993)

Abstract The polyesterification of dimer acid with propane–diol under different experimental conditions has been studied to obtain the optimum conditions for synthesizing the poly(propane–diol) dimerate plasticizers. The effect of varying molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst concentration on the course of the reaction, acid number, intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight of the resultant polyester has been investigated. p ‐Toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) was found to be an effective catalyst for the polyesterification reaction. The kinetics of polyesterification in the presence and absence of a catalyst has been found to follow the second‐order rate equation in equimolar concentrations of the reactants. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.