gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Deep Hashing via Binary Latent Factor Models for Large-scale Cross-modal Retrieval (2018)

Despite its great success, matrix factorization based cross-modality hashing suffers from two problems: 1) there is no engagement between feature learning and binarization; and 2) most existing methods impose the relaxation strategy by discarding the discrete constraints when learning the hash function, which usually yields suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal hashing framework, referred as Unsupervised Deep Cross-Modal Hashing (UDCMH), for multimodal data search in a self-taught manner via integrating deep learning and matrix factorization with binary latent factor models. On one hand, our unsupervised deep learning framework enables the feature learning to be jointly optimized with the binarization. On the other hand, the hashing system based on the binary latent factor models can generate unified binary codes by solving a discrete-constrained objective function directly with no need for a relaxation step. Moreover, novel Laplacian constraints are incorporated into the objective function, which allow to preserve not only the nearest neighbors that are commonly considered in the literature but also the farthest neighbors of data, even if the semantic labels are not available. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets highlight the superiority of the proposed framework over several state-of-the-art baselines.
Expected increases in genetic merit from using optimized contributions in two livestock populations of beef cattle and sheep1 (2003)

The expected benefits from optimized selection in real livestock populations were evaluated by applying dynamic selection algorithms to two livestock populations of sheep (Meatlinc) and beef cattle (Aberdeen Angus). In addition, the effects of introducing BLUP evaluations on the population structure, genetic gain, and inbreeding were investigated. The use of BLUP-EBV accelerated the rates of gain in the Meatlinc, but the effects of BLUP evaluations on Aberdeen Angus are not as evident. Although steady increases in the average coefficient of inbreeding (F) were observed, the inbreeding rates (deltaF) before and after the introduction of BLUP evaluations were not significantly different. The observed deltaF in the last generation was 1.0% for Meatlinc and 0.2% for Aberdeen Angus. The application of the dynamic selection algorithms for maximizing genetic gain at a fixed deltaF led to important expected increases in the rate of genetic gain (deltaG). When deltaF was restricted to the value observed in both populations, increments per year in deltaG of 4.6 (i.e., 17%) index units for Meatlinc and 3.5 (i.e., 30%) index units for Aberdeen Angus were found in comparison to the deltaG expected from conventional truncation BLUP selection. More relaxed constraints on deltaF allowed even higher expected increases in deltaG in both populations. This study demonstrates that the optimization tools constitute a potentially highly effective way of managing gain and inbreeding under a broad range of schemes in terms of scale and inbreeding level. No losses in genetic gain were associated with the use of dynamic optimization selection when schemes were compared at the same deltaF.
Calciferol and its relatives. Part XVII. Ring-A components for synthetic work on vitamin D3 and on model compounds (1974)

Optically active (S)-(Z)-2-(5-hydroxy-2-methylenecyclohexylidene)ethanol (6), which is of interest as a ring-A component for a possible synthesis of vitamin D3, has been prepared from vitamin D2. Its simpler analogue (Z)-2-(2-methylenecyclohexylidene)ethanol (9) has been synthesised by two routes. In the more efficient, the βγ-unsaturated lactone 3-oxabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1(6)-en-4-one (14) was converted by treatment with lithium diisopropylamide into (Z)-(2-methylenecyclohexylidene)acetic acid (30), which was then reduced to the dienol (9).
Aspects of Protein Reaction Dynamics:  Deviations from Simple Behavior (1999)

Proteins are complex systems so that their reactions may have characteristics not often observed in small molecules. Two common aspects of small molecule reactions are an exponential time dependence and Arrhenius-like temperature dependence. This review shows that corresponding behavior is not always observed in reactions involving proteins. Bond-making and bond-breaking reactions, as well as conformational changes, which do not involve chemical bonds, are discussed. As examples of bond making, bond breaking reactions, enzyme catalysis by triosephosphate isomerase and ligand binding by myoglobin are considered. Several reactions involving conformational changes are described. They include aromatic side chain rotations, loop/lid opening and closing motions, quaternary structural changes in hemoglobin, and protein folding. In some of these cases, deviations from simple small molecule behavior have been observed, but it is evident that more information is needed for a complete understanding. The protein folding reaction, which is most complex because it involves the entire polypeptide chain, is analyzed in some detail.
The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. <i>Thlaspi arvense</i> L. (updated) (2002)

An updated review of biological information is provided for Thlaspi arvense. Native to Eurasia, the species is naturalized and widely spread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including all of Canada's provinces and territories, and has recently spread to temperate regions in the southern hemisphere. It is an annual pioneer of disturbed soils and is an important weed of grain, oilseed, and forage crops in Canada, particularly in the prairies. High levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates can contaminate canola. When present in hay or other fodder, its seeds or leaves can be toxic to animals, as well as contaminate milk and meat with unpleasant flavors. It can serve as a host for insect, nematode, fungal and viral pests of canola and mustard crops. A persistent seed bank, high fecundity, and the growth habit of a hardy winter annual with early- (EF) and late-flowering (LF) strains, all contribute to its ability to compete with crops. Effective herbicides include the sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron and ethametsulphuron, MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, phenocyacetic acid, flurtamone, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + dicamba, and 2,4-D + picloram. A resistant biotype to Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), has been found at two to five sites in Alberta in 2001. The potential of T. arvense as an industrial oilseed crop is being investigated. Key words: Stinkweed, Thlaspi arvense, weed biology, field pennycress, fanweed, oilseed potential
The Epithelial Sodium Channel: Recent Developments (1993)

Several types of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels have been described in the apical membrane of tight epithelia. A highly Na+-selective, low-conductance type is found when transepithelial Na+ transport is stimulated, while different types are observed under other conditions. The channel appears to be constituted of a large protein complex including several potential subunits. Recently, highly Na+-selective amiloride-sensitive channels have been expressed from a single cDNA clone isolated from rat colon. This cDNA probably encodes a pore-forming subunit. The predicted amino acid sequence includes two putative transmembrane segments and presents homology with genes expressed in specific neurones of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These genes are involved in touch sensory transduction and, when mutated, can cause neuronal cell death, probably by alteration of the membrane ionic permeability. This indicates that the Na+ channel is part of a new family of cation channels. The epithelial Na+ channel is regulated by hormonal and intracellular factors. Aldosterone increases the open probability of channels present in the apical membrane and, in a late phase, induces the synthesis and expression of new channel proteins. Vasopressin rapidly increases the number of channels present in the apical membrane, probably by translocation from a subapical channel pool. Evidence for regulation by G proteins, intracellular Ca2+, protein kinase C and interaction with the cytoskeleton are discussed.
New Closed-Loop Control System Reduces Risk in Intervention Operations (2006)

Abstract During well construction activities, measurement-whiledrilling (MWD) technology is applied to transmit sophisticated spatial and petrophysical data from downhole to surface. Used with advanced well construction tools such as rotary steerable systems, MWD technology has enabled complex, even tortuous, well profiles to be created and placed in the reservoir with great precision. However, even on these sophisticated and expensive wells, any well intervention operation process is still controlled using traditional surface-read data such as revolutions per minute (RPM), hook load, torque, etc. The ability to transmit and use downhole intervention process data in addition to surface-acquired data presents significant potential for intervention process optimization, since modern data acquisition technology close to the tool can provide not only more accurate data, but also important additional parameters not available at the surface. Examples of value-adding downhole intervention process data are bore pressure, annular pressure, weight-on-tool, tension-on-tool, torque-on-tool, RPM, workstring bending and dynamic diagnostics. Additional intervention process information on intervention hydraulics or workstring friction can be obtained by feeding existing engineering algorithms with surface- and downhole-acquired data. This paper discusses the available downhole well intervention process data and demonstrates by a number of case studies the risk reduction value of viewing these parameters in real time. Furthermore, the paper discusses factors constraining the use of the technology and gives an outlook on future developments in well intervention process optimization utilizing real-time downhole data.
Refinement of the DNA Marker Maps of Mouse Chromosome 12 (1994)

To refine the linkage map of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 12 and to define better the homology relationships between it and human chrs 2p and 14q, nine new anonymous DNA markers of Chr 12 were identified, and mouse loci homologous to the human D14S17, CHGA, HSPA2, RRM2, TPO, and ZFP50 ("KUP") genes were defined. The inheritance of DNA variants associated with these markers was followed in progeny of a reciprocal backcross between the C57BL/6J and SWR/J laboratory mouse strains and in recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice. These data, combined with results of previous analyses of the backcross, allowed the construction of a 22-marker multilocus linkage map that spanned 58 cM. Use of this map to anchor the RI typing data collected in this and previous studies allowed the construction of a 79-marker map that spanned 66 cM and the identification of a framework of unambiguously ordered, extensively typed markers that should facilitate the use of RI mice in testing new markers for possible linkage to Chr 12.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF PROTOPORPHYRIN DIMETHYL ESTERS WITH NITROSOBENZENES: A NOVEL DEGRADATION TO FORMYL PORPHYRINS (1985)

Abstract Das Nitrosobenzol (II) und Protopörphyrin‐IX‐dimethylester (I) bilden vorwiegend die Cycloaddukte (IIIa) und (IVa).
Size Reduction in UHF Band RFID Tag Antenna Based on Circular Loop Antenna (2005)

In this paper, small-sized RFID tag antenna is designed and fabricated based on the circular loop antenna used in UHF band(860~ 960MHz). The tag antenna with its center frequency at 911.25MHz(wave length λ: 329 mm) adopts a parallel transmission line feed method to match the impedance and reduces its size using a stub. As a result, the antenna(diameter: 54mm) with 15 stubs reduces its size up to 69.6% compared with the one without any stub. The measured return loss is -9.942dB, -3dB bandwidth is 84.35MHz(9.26%) and the gain in z-x plane is -0.37dBd. The radiation pattern shows a magnetic dipole antenna characteristic and omnidirectional pattern in horizontal plane.
Role of ADAM‐17, p38 MAPK, Cathepsins, and the Proteasome Pathway in the Synthesis and Shedding of Fractalkine/CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2013)

Our results provide new understanding of the role of ADAM-17, p38 MAPK, cathepsins, and the proteasome pathway in FKN expression and shedding. Regulating these pathways may suppress FKN-mediated inflammation and tissue destruction.
Glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in benign and malignant prostate cell lines and prostate tissues (1996)

Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma is unresponsive to alkylator chemotherapy with virtually no prolonged remissions. Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been reported to play a role in tumor resistance to alkylator therapy; however, there are no baseline studies that have investigated and compared GSH and GST in human prostate cell lines and tissues. Thus, we determined the GSH content and GST activity in benign prostate, in primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tissues, in immortal adenocarcinoma cell lines, and in primary cell cultures derived from both benign prostate and primary prostatic carcinoma tissue. The GSH content was higher in the immortal cell lines than in the fresh tissues and primary cultures. Conversely, the GST activity was significantly higher in the tissues and primary cultures than in the cell lines. The GSH content and GST activity of the primary cultured prostatic cells were similar to those of the prostate tissues. The differences between the immortal prostate cancer cell lines and prostate tissue are of sufficient magnitude to suggest that in vitro results with cell lines may not extrapolate to prostate cancer in vivo. The GSH content and GST activity in a prostate specific antigen-secreting human prostate tumor xenograft, LuCaP23, maintained in nude mice were similar to those of human prostate tissue and primary cultures. Both the xenograft and primary cultures from patients with prostate cancer may be more appropriate models than established cell lines for investigating techniques to increase the effectiveness of alkylators in prostate cancer.
Structural analysis of jacketed optical fiber under lateral pressure (1983)

A theory is presented on the deformation of jacketed fibers due to lateral pressure, and its influence on microbending losses is assessed. This analysis, which is based on the theory Of elasticity, helps to clarify how lateral pressure and the structure of the fiber jacket conspire to cause excess fiber losses. Periodic pressure distributions with certain unfavorable period lengths are shown to lead to a pronounced enhancement of excess losses.
CloudMonitor: Profiling Power Usage (2012)

In Cloud Computing platforms the addition of hardware monitoring devices to gather power usage data can be impractical or uneconomical due to the large number of machines to be metered. CloudMonitor, a monitoring tool that can generate power models for software-based power estimation, can provide insights to the energy costs of deployments without additional hardware. Accurate power usage data leads to the possibility of Cloud providers creating a separate tariff for power and therefore incentivizing software developers to create energy-efficient applications.
Mixed-phase PdRu bimetallic structures with high activity and stability for formic acid electrooxidation (2012)

Aiming at investigating the effect of structure on electrocatalytic properties, Pd(50)Ru(50) nanoparticles (NPs) with three different structures were carefully designed in a one-pot polyol process for application in formic acid electrooxidation. The three structures are: (1) single-phase PdRu nanodendrites (denoted as PR-1), (2) a mixed-phase mixture of PdRu nanodendrites and monometallic Ru NPs (denoted as PR-2), and (3) a mixed-phase mixture of monometallic Pd and Ru NPs (denoted as PR-3). From PR-1 to PR-3, the structure was varied from single-phase to mixed-phase. The relative position of Ru was altered from completely Pd-connected (PR-1), to a mixture of Pd-connected and monometallic (PR-2), and completely monometallic (PR-3). All PdRu NPs outperform the commercial Pd/C. PR-2 exhibits the highest peak current density, but its stability is slightly lower than that of PR-3. When both the current density and the durability are taken into consideration, PR-2 is the best choice of catalyst for formic acid oxidation. It indicates that both the Pd-connected Ru NPs and monometallic Ru NPs in the mixed-phase PR-2 are essential to improve the electrocatalytic properties. Our study also illustrates that the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and hydrogen storage capacity of the as-prepared PdRu NPs are greatly enhanced after several hundred scans in formic acid, indicating the possibility for highly restorable catalysts in direct formic acid fuel cells.
Domain structure and polarization reversal in films of ferroelectric bismuth titanate (1972)

A preliminary study has been made of the structure, optical properties and polarization reversal behavior of epitaxial bismuth titanate films grown by sputtering on MgO substrates. As grown, the films are twinned on a coarse scale, with alternate regions oriented with the monoclinic (100) and (010) plane parallel to the (110) MgO surface. Optical birefringence measurements on these regions yielded Δna and Δnb values as a function of temperature which were in general agreement with those measured for bulk crystals. By annealing film sections detached from the substrate, a single orientation of the type (010) was obtained, and regions of such samples could be poled to a single-domain condition. Hysteresis data, with the field applied along the a and c axes, for single domain regions yielded spontaneous polarization results comparable to those reported previously for bulk crystals, but indicated somewhat higher coercive fields. Similar measurements with the field along the [101] axis showed that it is possible either to pole the film along the a-axis or switch it along the c-axis using a single electrode geometry.
On the Track to Silica-Supported Tungsten Oxo Metathesis Catalysts: Input from <sup>17</sup>O Solid-State NMR (2013)

The grafting of an oxo chloro trisalkyl tungsten derivative on silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C was studied by several techniques that showed reaction via W-Cl cleavage, to afford a well-defined precatalyst for alkene metathesis. This was further confirmed by DFT calculations on the grafting process. (17)O labeling of the oxo moiety of a series of related molecular and supported tungsten oxo derivatives was achieved, and the corresponding (17)O MAS NMR spectra were recorded. Combined experimental and theoretical NMR studies yielded information on the local structure of the surface species. Assessment of the (17)O NMR parameters also confirmed the nature of the grafting pathway by ruling out other possible grafting schemes, thanks to highly characteristic anisotropic features arising from the quadrupolar and chemical shift interactions.
Shares, speculation, and SARS : income tax (2013)

Fancy yourself as a share-dealer? As with most things in life, the taxman is never too far away..
[Adjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma]. (1990)

Osteosarcoma is the one of the tumors that's prognosis have been improved dramatically by the introduction of chemotherapy consisting mainly of adriamycin, high-dose methotrexate with Leucovorin rescue and cisplatinum. Now, the purpose of the treatment for osteosarcoma are assurance of their life and functional and beautiful limb-sparing. Recently, preoperative chemotherapy for limb saving is given to patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities. The five year survival rate increased to 65% and limb sparing rate became above 50%. It is generally accepted that pre- and post-operative chemotherapy can inhibit pulmonary micro metastasis and prove to be of great significance in improving the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma of extremities and achieve limb salvage operation.
The optimal use of the solar powered automobile (1999)

Once a solar car has been built and tested, the question arises as to how to race with it. Since most teams are extremely energy limited for a race, strategy becomes critical if one is to win. In Sunrayce '97, most of the terrain, as well as the data on stop signs and stop lights, was known by the Illinois team many months before the race. We needed to determine at what speed we should be traveling during all parts of the race in order to use energy most efficiently and finish the race in the least amount of time. In what way should one optimally accelerate from a stop? Should we cruise at a constant speed, at a constant power, or in some other way? How should one climb and descend hills? Also, given a weather prediction for tomorrow, how much energy should one aim to consume today? These are some of the questions we answer through our analysis. In the next section, some of the prior work is described, followed by derivations of the equations modeling the car. The following section formulates the optimal control problem when the weather conditions are known, followed by solutions for various scenarios of interest. The next two sections first compare the results with different rule of thumb strategies and then obtain the optimal strategy given probabilistic weather predictions using stochastic dynamic programming. A post-race analysis is then provided.
Anatomical exposure patterns of skin to sunlight: relative contributions of direct, diffuse and reflected ultraviolet radiation (2012)

The importance of diffuse UV radiation should not be underestimated when advocating preventive measures. Messages focused on avoiding acute direct exposures may be of limited efficiency to prevent skin cancers associated with chronic exposure.
Separation of hydrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen-evolution system from electron-donating system by means of enzymic electric cell technique (1976)

An enzymic electric cell was constructed in which the anode was composed of a zinc plate inserted in aqueous NH(4)Cl solution and the cathode was composed of an electrode made of a glassy carbon stick inserted in a reaction mixture containing cytochrome c(3) hydrogenase (H(2):ferricytochrome c(3) oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.2.1) and methylviologen under an atmosphere of N(2). When the circuit was closed, the electric cell formulated as [Formula: see text] was composed, and hydrogenase-catalyzed H(2)-evolution was observed in the cathode of the cell with concomitant flow of an electric current. Thus, the hydrogenase-catalyzed reaction and the electron-donating reaction proceeded at different parts of the cell. This enables us to protect the hydrogenase from the byproducts of the electron-donating system, which might be hazardous to the enzyme.
Deriving Good LDPC Convolutional Codes from LDPC Block Codes (2011)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes are capable of achieving excellent performance with low encoding and decoding complexity. In this paper, we discuss several graph-cover-based methods for deriving families of time-invariant and time-varying LDPC convolutional codes from LDPC block codes and show how earlier proposed LDPC convolutional code constructions can be presented within this framework. Some of the constructed convolutional codes significantly outperform the underlying LDPC block codes. We investigate some possible reasons for this “convolutional gain,” and we also discuss the-mostly moderate-decoder cost increase that is incurred by going from LDPC block to LDPC convolutional codes.