gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of biphasic calcium phosphate granulometry on bone ingrowth, ceramic resorption, and inflammatory reactions: Preliminaryin vitro andin vivo study (1999)

Calcium-phosphate ceramics used in surgery, as bone-bonding materials, are currently available in different forms (blocks, granules, etc.). However, progress in noninvasive surgery has favored the development of injectable composite materials associating a polymeric and a dusty mineral phase. The purpose of this study was the in vivo evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate of various grains sizes, to elucidate the role of granulometries in ceramic degradation/resorption, bone ingrowth, and inflammatory reactions. Three particle sizes were compared: 10-20, 80-100, and 200-400 microm. The 10-20-microm powders provided the best bone ingrowth, with a higher resorption/degradation rate in conjunction with stronger early inflammatory reactions. The 200-400-microm powders showed higher bone ingrowth than 80-100-microm ones, indicating that properties of cell recruitment for osseous apposition and mechanical support for bone bonding may both play a role in both ingrowth mechanisms. Our results suggest that the strong inflammatory reaction in 10-20-microm granulated powders was due to a faster reversal of the resorption/apposition sequence in bone. This may have resulted from massive release of bone ingrowth factors, which implies that the brief inflammatory process observed in the early stages of implantation was favorable to the osteoconduction process.
Scottish search (1992)

Calling all graduates of the Royal Technical College (1912–56), the West of Scotland Commercial College (1915–55), the Scottish College of Commerce (1955–64) and the Royal College of Science and Technology (1956–64). The University of Strathclyde has launched a search to find alumni who took the diploma of the Royal Technical College, the associateship of the Royal College of Science and Technology, or attended any of the wide range of evening and day release courses at the commercial colleges.
Signaling in stem cell niches: lessons from the<i>Drosophila</i>germline (2005)

Stem cells are cells that, upon division, can produce new stem cells as well as daughter cells that initiate differentiation along a specific lineage. Studies using the Drosophila germline as a model system have demonstrated that signaling from the stem cell niche plays a crucial role in controlling stem cell behavior. Surrounding support cells secrete growth factors that activate signaling within adjacent stem cells to specify stem cell self-renewal and block differentiation. In addition, cell-cell adhesion between stem cells and surrounding support cells is important for holding stem cells close to self-renewal signals. Furthermore, a combination of localized signaling and autonomously acting proteins might polarize stem cells in such a way as to ensure asymmetric stem cell divisions. Recent results describing stem cell niches in other adult stem cells, including hematopoietic and neural stem cells, have demonstrated that the features characteristic of stem cell niches in Drosophila gonads might be conserved.
p53 in complex with DNA is resistant to ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the presence of HPV-16 E6. (1995)

The tumour suppressor p53 is a transcription factor with high affinity for specific DNA target sequences. Wild type p53 has a very short half life in normal cells but the protein shows transient accumulation in response to DNA damage, accompanied by up-regulation of target genes such as p21 and induction of growth arrest in G1 of the cell cycle. The rapid turnover of p53 may involve the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. In order to investigate p53 turnover we have employed an in vitro system with rabbit reticulocyte lysate, in which ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53 is mediated by the oncoprotein E6 of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16). Using this system we have previously shown that E6-mediated degradation is preferential for p53 in the 1620+ conformation (reactive with the monoclonal antibody PAb1620). p53-1620+ is a pre-requisite for specific DNA binding and we have now asked if p53 in complex with DNA remains susceptible to ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the presence of E6. Our results indicate that p53-DNA complexes are resistant to degradation, whereas the 'free' protein is completely degraded within 20 min. Moreover, E6 did not complex with p53-DNA, possibly due to masking of sites recognised either by E6 or by the E6-associated protein (E6-AP) which facilitates E6-p53 interaction. Preincubation with E6 inhibited the DNA binding capacity of p53 and this effect could be explained, at least in part, by ubiquitination of the p53 protein.
Thermal stress in high temperature cylindrical fasteners (1988)

Uninsulated structures fabricated from carbon or silicon-based materials, which are allowed to become hot during flight, are attractive for the design of some components of hypersonic vehicles. They have the potential to reduce weight and increase vehicle efficiency. Because of manufacturing contraints, these structures will consist of parts which must be fastened together. The thermal expansion mismatch between conventional metal fasteners and carbon or silicon-based structural materials may make it difficult to design a structural joint which is tight over the operational temperature range without exceeding allowable stress limits. In this study, algebraic, closed-form solutions for calculating the thermal stresses resulting from radial thermal expansion mismatch around a cylindrical fastener are developed. These solutions permit a designer to quickly evaluate many combinations of materials for the fastener and the structure. Using the algebraic equations developed, material properties and joint geometry were varied to determine their effect on thermal stresses. Finite element analyses were used to verify that the closed-form solutions derived give the correct thermal stress distribution around a cylindrical fastener and to investigate the effect of some of the simplifying assumptions made in developing the closed-form solutions for thermal stresses.
<title>Device Application Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals</title> (1986)

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLOs) in the Surface Stabilized (SSFLO) geometry can be used to make voltage operated light valves with bipolar response, intrinsic memory, and microsecond switching speeds. These light valves, configured as linear or matrix arrays, have a variety of practical optical computing applications. We present a high spatial resolution matrix-addressed SSFLO light valve array suitable for use as a spatial modulator for transmitted light. The array employs the typical SSFLO geometry of the FLO as a dielectric in a transparent capacitor. The capacitor plates are indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass with the ITO patterned into electrical strips, the top and bottom strips oriented at 90° with respect to each other, to for a matrix-addressed array of overlapping square areas, the individual addressible shutters (pels).
Cover plus: ways of measuring plant canopies and the terms used for them (2010)

Aim: To clarify the concepts and terms that have been used in recording plant canopies and the methods used for measuring them. Concepts: The concepts considered are cover, top cover, repeated cover, number of layers, proportion of repeated cover and leaf area index (LAI). Variants include canopy cover, basal area and leaf area density. Other terms have been used in the past, some are now ambiguous and some are counter-intuitive. Measurement: Cover and its related concepts can be measured by point intercept, line intercept, angle sampling, charting and image analysis, canopy transmittance, complete enumeration, clipping and allometry. The common procedure of adding the cover of individual species to calculate a “total cover” is invalid: a nonsense number is produced. Other measures of abundance: Cover-abundance, density, frequency, biomass and calorific values can also be used to measure abundance. They are related to cover. Especially, shoot frequency at a point is cover (the point intercept method). Subjective estimates: There are severe problems with cover-abundance scales, such as that of Braun-Blanquet. Estimation of abundance “by eye”, by “informed guess”, etc. has too often compromised results in vegetation science.
SURVEY OF WILD MAMMALS IN A CHESAPEAKE BAY AREA FOR SELECTED ZOONOSES (1972)

Studies were conducted on 104 striped skunks, 97 raccoons, 64 opossums, 10 woodchucks, 5 feral cats, and 1 muskrat. Animals were trapped on an undeveloped forest and swamp area in Eastern Maryland. Leptospiral agglutinins were demonstrated in 62% of the skunks, 15% of opossums and 50% of the raccoons. Leptospiral serogroup members isolated from hosts were as follows: skunks — icterohaetnorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, ballum, and autumnalis; opossum — icterohaemorrhagiae and ballum; raccoon — icterohaemorrhagiae. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one raccoon. Significant complement-fixing antibodies for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever group of rickettsia were demonstrated in 15% of 102 skunks, 18% of 94 raccoons, 40% of 10 woodchucks and in only 1 of 54 opossums. Isolates of a pox virus which appears to be a new type were obtained from upper respiratory tissues of two raccoons. Significant antibody titers for the isolated pox virus were demonstrated in 23% of 92 raccoon sera. Two isolates serologically rela...
Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system with balance detection (2012)

A Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system with two spectrometers in balance detection is assembled using each an InGaAs linear camera. Conditions and adjustments of spectrometer parameters are presented to ensure anti-phase channeled spectrum modulation across the two cameras for a majority of wavelengths within the optical source spectrum. By blocking the signal to one of the spectrometers, the setup was used to compare the conditions of operation of a single camera with that of a balanced configuration. Using multiple layer samples, balanced detection technique is compared with techniques applied to conventional single camera setups, based on sequential deduction of averaged spectra collected with different on/off settings for the sample or reference beams. In terms of reducing the autocorrelation terms and fixed pattern noise, it is concluded that balance detection performs better than single camera techniques, is more tolerant to movement, exhibits longer term stability and can operate dynamically in real time. The cameras used exhibit larger saturation power than the power threshold where excess photon noise exceeds shot noise. Therefore, conditions to adjust the two cameras to reduce the noise when used in a balanced configuration are presented. It is shown that balance detection can reduce the noise in real time operation, in comparison with single camera configurations. However, simple deduction of an average spectrum in single camera configurations delivers less noise than the balance detection.
A fast adaptive grid scheme for elliptic partial differential equations (1989)

We describe the Recursive Subdivision (RS) method-an efficient and effective adaptive grid scheme for two-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). The RS method generates a new grid by recursively subdividing a rectangular domain. We use a heuristic approach which attempts to equidistribute a given density function over the domain. The resulting grid is used to generate an adaptive grid domain mapping (AGDM), which may be applied to transform the PDE problem to another coordinate system. The PDE is then solved in the transformed coordinate system using a uniform grid. We believe parallelism is most easily exploited when computations are carried out on uniform grids; the AGDM framework allows the power of adaptation to be applied while still preserving this uniformity. Our method generates good adaptive grid domain mappings at a small cost compared to the cost of the entire computation. We describe the RS algorithm in detail, briefly describe the AGDM framework, and illustrate the effectiveness of our scheme on several realistic test problems.
Spatial uniformity of minority-carrier lifetime in polycrystalline CdTe solar cells (1994)

Time-resolved photoluminescence was used to map recombination lifetimes in polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells. Typical lifetime profiles indicated spatial variation by factors of 2–3 across 1 cm dimensions. Correlated device efficiency measurements indicated that spatial regions of lifetime minima dominated the open-circuit voltage.
Accelerating cine phase‐contrast flow measurements using <i>k‐t</i> BLAST and <i>k‐t</i> SENSE (2005)

Conventional phase-contrast velocity mapping in the ascending aorta was combined with k-t BLAST and k-t SENSE. Up to 5.3-fold net acceleration was achieved, enabling single breath-hold acquisitions. A standard phase-contrast (PC) sequence with interleaved acquisition of the velocity-encoded segments was modified to collect data in 2 stages, a high-resolution under sampled and a low-resolution fully sampled training stage. In addition, a modification of the k-t reconstruction strategy was tested. This strategy, denoted as "plug-in," incorporates data acquired in the training stage into the final reconstruction for improved data consistency, similar to conventional keyhole. "k-t SENSE plug-in" was found to provide best image quality and most accurate flow quantification. For this strategy, at least 10 training profiles are required to yield accurate stroke volumes (relative deviation <5%) and good image quality. In vivo 2D cine velocity mapping was performed in 6 healthy volunteers with 30-32 cardiac phases (spatial resolution 1.3 x 1.3 x 8-10 mm(3), temporal resolution of 18-38 ms), yielding relative stroke volumes of 106 +/- 18% (mean +/- 2*SD) and 112 +/- 15% for 3.8 x and 5.3 x net accelerations, respectively. In summary, k-t BLAST and k-t SENSE are promising approaches that permit significant scan-time reduction in PC velocity mapping, thus making high-resolution breath-held flow quantification possible.
TELOMERASE ACTIVITY, TELOMERE LENGTH, AND DNA PLOIDY IN PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (PIN) (1998)

Telomerase activity is present in a low percentage of high-grade PIN foci, which are diploid by DNA content measurements.
Extraction of compounds associated with water repellency in sandy soils of different origin (2005)

After an initial evaluation of several solvents, the efficiency of Soxhlet extractions with isopropanol/ammonia (s.g. 0.88) (70 : 30 v : v; 24 h) in extracting compounds associated with water repellency in sandy soils was examined using a range of repellent and wettable control soils (n = 15 and 4) from Australia, Greece, Portugal, The Netherlands, and the UK. Extraction efficiency and the role of the extracts in causing soil water repellency was examined by determining extract mass, sample organic carbon content and water repellency (after drying at 20°C and 105°C) pre- and post-extraction, and amounts of aliphatic C–H removed using DRIFT, and by assessing the ability of extracts to cause repellency in acid-washed sand (AWS). Key findings are: (i) none of organic carbon content, amount of aliphatic C–H, or amount of material extracted give any significant correlation with repellency for this diverse range of soils; (ii) sample drying at 105°C is not necessarily useful before extraction, but may provide additional information on extraction effectiveness when used after extraction; (iii) the extraction removed repellency completely from 13 of the 15 repellent samples; (iv) extracts from all repellent and wettable control soils were capable of inducing repellency in AWS. The findings suggest that compounds responsible for repellency represent only a fraction of the extract composition and that their presence does not necessarily always cause repellency.
The role of HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in lymphoma (2016)

Inappropriate activation of c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in tumorigenesis and represented a promising therapeutic target for developing anticancer agents. In contrast to other solid tumors, there are limited data describing the functional role of HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in lymphoma. In the current review, we summarize recent findings about the expression, cellular mechanisms/functions, and therapeutic application of HGF/c-MET in different types of lymphoma, especially B cell lymphoma, T and NK cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. We also discuss the existing problems and future directions about studying the HGF/c-MET pathway in lymphoma cells.
Studies on the Constituents of Indigenous Fungi. I (1964)

A colorless pillar crystalline component, m.p. 207° (decomp.), [α]D+80.0°(H2O), C5H8O4N2 of good flavor without smell, and of having insecticidal property was isolated from Tricholoma muscarium KAWAMURA (Jap. name: Haetorishimeji) in the process illustrated in Fig. 1. The compound was considered to be acidic amino acid, still unknown substance, which named tricholomic acid.
Hydrophilic electrode. [preparation] (1975)

A mixture of powdered poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and active material is formed into the electrode; the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) comprises at most 3% of the mixture. (RWR)
Design, Synthesis, and Discovery of a Novel CCR1 Antagonist (2001)

The CC chemokines may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, and their effects are thought to be mediated through CCR1 receptors. Several nonpeptide CCR1 receptor antagonists that showed high affinity for human CCR1 receptors have been identified; however, their effectiveness in animal models of inflammatory diseases has been scarcely demonstrated, probably due to species selectivity of the antagonists. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of CCR1 receptors in murine models of disease, we looked for a potent antagonist for both murine and human CCR1 receptors. Screening of our chemical collection for inhibition of (125)I-MIP-1alpha binding to human CCR1 receptors transfected in CHO cells led to the identification of xanthene-9-carboxamide 1a as the lead compound. Derivatization of 1a by quaternarizing the piperidine nitrogen with various alkyl groups and by installing substituents into the xanthene moiety dramatically improved the inhibitory activity against both human and murine CCR1 receptors. As a result, 2q-1 showing IC(50) values of 0.9 and 5.8 nM for human and murine CCR1 receptors, respectively, was discovered. This compound is the first murine CCR1 receptor antagonist and may be a useful tool for clarifying the role of CCR1 receptors in murine models of disease.
A two-dimensional time-domain near-zone to far-zone transformation (1992)

A 2D version of a time-domain transformation useful for extrapolating 3D near-zone finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) results to the far zone is outlined. While the 3D transformation produced a physically observable far-zone time-domain field, this is not convenient for the 2D case. However, a representative, 2D far-zone time-domain result can be obtained directly. This result can then be transformed to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform, corrected with a simple multiplicative factor, and used, for example, to calculate the complex wideband scattering width of a target. If an actual time-domain far zone result is required, it can be obtained by inverse Fourier transform of the final frequency-domain result.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gut Fungal Microbiota (2015)

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been steadily increasing since 1960. They are widespread throughout Europe, North America, China, and Japan and are emerging as a global disease. The equilibrium among epithelial cells, the immune system, and the related microbiota seems to be paramount in ensuring the absence of these IBD. The role of bacteria in the setting of the gut microbiota has been thoroughly documented, but the role of fungi, which are less abundant, needs to be investigated. Our understanding of the fungal microbiota composition and its impact on IBD has greatly increased in the past 8 years. In this review, we compiled data obtained for the composition of fungal gut microbiota. Special attention was paid to the various effects of this microbial community on the IBD, i.e., the mechanisms and immune pathways involved in these interactions.
A Survey and Comparison of Characteristics of Motor Drives Used in Electric Vehicles (2006)

In recent times, the worldwide price of fuel is showing an upward surge. One of the major factors leading to this can be attributed to the exponential increase in demand. In a country like Canada, where a majority of the people own vehicles, and more being added to the roads, this demand for fuel is surely going to increase in the future and will also be severely damaging to the environment as transportation sector alone is responsible for a larger share of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. Electric vehicles offer one way to reduce the level of emissions. Electric motor drives are an integral component of an electric vehicle and consist of one or more electric motors. In this paper an effort has been made to compare different characteristics of motor drives used in electric vehicles and also given is a comprehensive list of references papers published in the field of electric vehicles
Increased Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Compartmental Analysis (1995)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a poorly understood interstitial disease that usually proves refractory to therapy and results in irreversible tissue scarring and pulmonary dysfunction. Previous investigations have suggested a number of possible mediators of inflammation and fibrosis that typify IPF. We report increases in lung interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) content in patients with IPF, as compared with normal control subjects. Importantly, this increase in IRAP was not accompanied by concomitant increases in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), resulting in a local environment that may be profibrotic. Tissue homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF both demonstrate elevated IRAP content compared with that in normal subjects. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization localize IRAP to hyperplastic type II pneumocytes, macrophages, and local stromal cells. Finally, in vitro studies utilizing fibroblasts isolated from patients with IPF demonstrated no difference in constitutive IRAP production compared with that in normal subjects, but they revealed an exaggerated response to stimulation with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). These findings suggest that the fibrotic tissue changes of IPF and possibly other chronic interstitial lung diseases may result in part from the local effects of IRAP, and they also demonstrate that pulmonary nonimmune cells may influence local tissue changes through the elaboration of IRAP.
In-cabin localization solution for optimizing manufacturing an d maintenance proces ses for civil aircrafts (2012)

This indoor localization solution enables optimization of manufacturing and maintenance processes of civil aircrafts. The use cases include localization of fixed entities like life vests, passenger service units, and seats and mobile entities like flight attendance panels and devices of maintenance workers. Following these use cases, the solution approach features the combination of fingerprinting approaches using Support Vector Machines and distance-based approaches like Trilateration and Weighted Centroid. The proposal has been intensively studied in an Airbus A340 cabin mock-up model by measurement campaigns with a real system deployment.