gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GROWTH AND FECUNDITY OF<i>ANTHOCORIS</i>SPP. REARED ON VARIOUS PREY (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) (1962)

Rates of development and sizes of adults at 23 –2° were determined for six species of Anthocoris reared on a series of host insects. Relative food value of the test prey varied between species of Anthocoris. For example, Psyila mali Schmid. was suitable for all species, but Aphis fabae (Scop.) was suitable for Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi (DeG.), poor for A. nemorum (L.), and unsuitable for A. confusus Reut., A. nemoralis (Fab.), A. sarothamni Douglas & Scott, and A. minki Dohrn. Growth rates of larvae of three species that are normally associated with psyllids were significantly greater when they were fed on psyllids than when fed on aphids. The host‐plant specificity of Anthocoris spp. is not solely influenced by the food requirements of the larvae because all species can be successfully reared on unnatural prey. There is some suggestion that the food requirements of newly‐emerged adults may be more critical than those of the larvae, as some prey allow continued reproduction while others may cause a reproductive diapause. Prey selection in nature is discussed in relation to the above results. Zusammenfassung WACHSTUM UND FRUCHTBARKEIT VON ANTHOCORIS‐ARTEN BEI ERNÄHRUNG MIT VERSCHIEDENER BEUTE (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit und Grösse von sechs Anthocoris ‐Arten werden bei 23 ± 2° in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Insektenarten als Beute ermittelt. Der relative Futterwert der Versuchsbeute ist für die einzelnen Anthocoris ‐Arten verschieden. So ist beispielsweise Psylla mali Schmid. für alle Arten geeignet, Aphis fabae (Scop.) dagegen zwar günstig für A. gallarum‐ulmi (DeG.), aber schlecht für A. nemorum (L.) und ungeeignet für A. confusus Reut., A. nemoralis (Fab.), A. sarothamni Douglas & Scott und A. minki Dohrn. Die Wachstumsraten der Larven von drei Arten, die normalerweise mit Psylliden zusammen gefunden werden, sind signifikant grosser, wenn sie mit diesen statt mit Blattläusen gefüttert werden. Die Wirtspflanzenspezifität von Anthocoris ‐Arten wird nicht allein durch Nahrungsansprüche der Larven beeinflusst; alle Arten können mit nicht dem natürlichen Wirtsbereich angehörender Beute erfolgreich aufgezogen werden. Es besteht Grund zu der Annahme, dass die frischgehäuteten Erwachsenen bei der Nahrungswahl kritischer sind als die Larven, denn manche Beute gestattet ununterbrochene Fortpflanzung, während andere eine reproduktive Diapause verursachen kann. Die in der Natur herrschende Beuteauswahl wird im Hinblick auf die obigen Ergebnisse besprochen.
Proteogenomic Analysis of Polymorphisms and Gene Annotation Divergences in Prokaryotes using a Clustered Mass Spectrometry-Friendly Database (2010)

Precise annotation of genes or open reading frames is still a difficult task that results in divergence even for data generated from the same genomic sequence. This has an impact in further proteomic studies, and also compromises the characterization of clinical isolates with many specific genetic variations that may not be represented in the selected database. We recently developed software called multistrain mass spectrometry prokaryotic database builder (MSMSpdbb) that can merge protein databases from several sources and be applied on any prokaryotic organism, in a proteomic-friendly approach. We generated a database for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (using three strains of Mycobacterium bovis and five of M. tuberculosis), and analyzed data collected from two laboratory strains and two clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. We identified 2561 proteins, of which 24 were present in M. tuberculosis H37Rv samples, but not annotated in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome. We were also able to identify 280 nonsynonymous single amino acid polymorphisms and confirm 367 translational start sites. As a proof of concept we applied the database to whole-genome DNA sequencing data of one of the clinical isolates, which allowed the validation of 116 predicted single amino acid polymorphisms and the annotation of 131 N-terminal start sites. Moreover we identified regions not present in the original M. tuberculosis H37Rv sequence, indicating strain divergence or errors in the reference sequence. In conclusion, we demonstrated the potential of using a merged database to better characterize laboratory or clinical bacterial strains.
Use of Tethered Small Unmanned Aerial System at Berkman Plaza II Collapse (2008)

A tethered Small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) provided structural forensic inspection of the collapsed Berkman Plaza II six-story parking garage. The sUAS, an iSENSYS IP3 miniature helicopter, was tethered to meet US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements for unregulated flight below 45 m (150 ft). This created new platform control, human-robot interaction, and safety issues in addition to the challenges posed by the active, city environment. A new technique, viewpoint-oriented Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), was used to generate the 4:1 human-robot crew organization and operational protocol. The sUAS over three flights was able to provide useful imagery to structural engineers that had been difficult to obtain from manned helicopters due to dust obscurants. Based on these flights this work shows that tethered operations decreases team effectiveness, increases overall safety liability, and in general is not a recommended solution for sUAS flight.
Analysis and design of a three-phase current source solid-state VAR compensator (1989)

A reactive power compensation (RPC) system which uses a three-phase current-source force-commutated PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) rectifier is presented and analyzed. Pulsewidth modulation is also investigated as a means of reducing the size of reactive components. The proposed RPC system can compensate for leading and lagging displacement power factor. Other areas of investigation include the selection of rectifier input and output filter components and the closing of the loop around the reactive power command signal. finally, predicted results are verified experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on the Relationship between Human Resource and Technology Innovation (2013)

This article analyses the relationship between human resource and technology innovation in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas, using stationary test and cointegration analysis. Result of study has found that the correlation between the two is positive no matter in the long or short term, and R&D's sources of funding are important engine of technical innovation in China. Besides, results show that human capital to promote technological innovation capacity has an important role, while attention to reducing regional imbalances in the distribution of human capital.
DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic differences between diabetes patients with ESRD and diabetes patients without nephropathy (2011)

We identified potential epigenetic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease progression by comparing site-specific DNA methylation levels in more than 14,000 genes between African American and Hispanic diabetes patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and diabetes patients without nephropathy. We identified 187 genes that are differentially methylated between the two groups on at least two CpG sites in each gene in DNA extracted from saliva. Of the 187 genes whose mean methylation levels differed between the two groups, 39 genes, or closely related gene family members, have been reported to be involved in kidney development or diabetic nephropathy, per se, or have been associated with dialysis-induced changes in gene expression in peripheral blood cells. The fact that such a substantial fraction (21%) of the 187 candidate genes have been implicated previously through genome association or transcription profiling studies suggests strongly that the DNA methylation differences we observe are associated with disease predisposition and/or treatment. The fact that these nephropathy and/or dialysis-associated differences between patients were identified in DNA extracted from saliva offers proof-of-principle that inter-individual epigenetic differences may prove useful as predictive biomarkers of disease susceptibility.
Synchronization Recovery and State Model Reduction for Soft Decoding of Variable Length Codes (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Variable length codes (VLCs) exhibit loss of synchronization problems when transmitted over noisy channels. Trellis decoding techniques based on Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimators are often used to minimize the error rate on the estimated sequence. If the number of symbols and/or bits transmitted is known by the decoder, termination constraints can be incorporated in the decoding process. All the paths in the trellis which do not lead to a valid sequence length are suppressed. This correspondence presents an analytic method to assess the expected error resilience of a VLC when trellis decoding with a sequence length constraint is used. The approach is based on the computation, for a given code, of the amount of information brought by the constraint. It is then shown that this quantity is not significantly altered by appropriate trellis states aggregation. This proves that the performance obtained by running a length-constrained Viterbi decoder on aggregated state models approaches the one obtained with the bit/symbol trellis, with a significantly reduced complexity. It is then shown that the complexity can be further decreased by projecting the state model on two state models of reduced size. </para>
Biopotentials as command and feedback signals in functional electrical stimulation systems (2002)

Today Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is available as a clinical tool in muscle activation used for picking up objects, for standing and walking, for controlling bladder emptying, and for breathing. Despite substantial progress in development and new knowledge, many challenges remain to be resolved to provide a more efficient functionality of FES systems. The most important task of these challenges is to improve control of the activated muscles through open loop or feedback systems. Command and feedback signals can be extracted from biopotentials recorded from muscles (Electromyogram, EMG), nerves (Electroneurogram, ENG), and the brain (Electroencephalogram (EEG) or individual cells). This paper reviews work in which EMG, ENG, and EEG signals in humans have been used as command and feedback signals in systems using electrical stimulation of motor nerves to restore movements after an injury to the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is concluded that the technology is ready to push for more substantial clinical FES investigations in applying muscle and nerve signals. Brain-computer interface systems hold great prospects, but require further development of faster and clinically more acceptable technologies.
Refrigeration Technology (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Refrigeration 1.1. Compressor Refrigerating Systems 1.1.1. Refrigerants for Compressor Refrigerating Systems 1.1.2. Compressors 1.1.2.1. Displacement Compressors 1.1.2.2. Dynamic Compressors 1.1.3. Condensers 1.1.4. Evaporators 1.1.5. Other Equipment 1.2. Absorption Refrigerating Systems 1.2.1. Ammonia ‐ Water Absorption Refrigerating Systems 1.2.2. Equipment for Ammonia ‐ Water Refrigerating Systems 1.2.3. Water ‐ Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigerating Systems 1.3. Steam‐Jet Systems 1.4. Thermoelectric Refrigeration 2. Industrial Applications of Refrigeration 2.1. Chilling of Liquids 2.2. Separation of Liquids by Crystallization 2.3. Cooling and Liquefaction of Gases 2.4. Remote Cooling 2.5. Air Conditioning 2.6. Refrigeration Plants for Cold Rooms and Freezers 2.7. Use of Cold in Construction 2.8. Air Refrigeration in Mining 2.9. Artificially Cooled Skating Rinks 3. Heat Pumps
Extreme ultraviolet mask defect simulation: Low-profile defects (2000)

An assessment is made of the tendency of low-profile EUV multilayer mirror defects to print as a function of their height, width, and proximity to features. The study is based on rigorous electromagnetic simulation with TEMPEST and aerial image calculation with SPLAT. A special numerical technique involving the averaging of material properties at multilayer mirror surfaces is used to reduce error introduced by the FDTD gridding. Aerial images are calculated for Gaussian shaped mirror profiles of heights ranging from 1 to 5 nm and for several widths. The dip in clear field intensity for an isolated defect was found to be a strong linear function of defect height from 1 to 5 nm. For a given defect height a worse-case width was observed. As width increased beyond the worst-case width, defects become less printable because they become very flat and begin to approximate perfect mirror surfaces. Aerial images were calculated for mirrors with defects in proximity to mask features. A 1 nm high, 56 nm wide defect caused a significant change in a line's width depending on where the defect was in relation to the line. In the worst case, when the defect was centered 22 nm from the line edge a 12% line width change was observed.
Detoxification Depot for &#946; -Amyloid Peptides (2008)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is caused by the deposition of insoluble and toxic amyloid peptides (Abeta) in the brain leading to memory loss and other associated neurodegenerative symptoms. To date there is limited treatment options and strategies for treating AD. Studies have shown that clearance of the amyloid plaques from the brain and thus from the blood could be effective in stopping and or delaying the progression of the disease. Small peptides derived from the Abeta-42 sequence, in particular KLVFF, have shown to be effective binders of Abeta peptides and thus could be useful in delaying progression of the disease. We have taken advantage of this property by generating the retro-inverso (RI) version of this peptide, ffvlk, in different formats. We are presenting a new detox gel system using poly ethylene glycol (PEG), polymerized and cross linked with the RI peptides. We hypothesize that detox gel incorporating RI peptides will act like a 'sink' to capture the Abeta peptides from the surrounding environment. We tested these detox gels for their ability to capture biotinylated Abeta-42 peptides in vitro. The results showed that the detox gels bound Abeta-42 peptides effectively and irreversibly. Gels incorporating the tetramer RI peptide exhibited maximum binding capacity. The detox gel could be a potential candidate for treatment strategies to deplete the brain of toxic amyloid peptides.
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION IN REAL TIME WITH NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS (1970)

We propose a method for obtaining the convolution, and correlation, of signals in real time through the nonlinear interaction of two acoustic waves in ferroelectric crystals. The experimental results presented here for the convolution of two 1350-MHz signals indicate that the strength of the interaction is sufficient to provide new signal processing devices.
Acceleration of callus formation during fracture healing using basic fibroblast growth factor-kidney disease domain-collagen-binding domain fusion protein combined with allogenic demineralized bone powder (2015)

Our results suggest that bFGF-PKD-CBD/DBP may be useful for promoting fracture healing in the clinical setting.
Extract from ‘The Chartist Outbreak in Llanidloes’ by Edward Hamer (1971)

Tuesday 30th. A lovely spring morning ushered in this eventful day, one ever to be remembered, by those who witnessed its proceedings, as perhaps the most momentous in the little town's history. At an early hour, information that a police force had arrived from London, leaked out through the domestics of the hotel, and it was also stated that they had come for the purpose of arresting the Chartist leaders. This intelligence spread rapidly through the town, and caused the greatest excitement among the members of the Political Union. After conferring together, the leaders determined to call a meeting of their supporters. A Chartist, armed with a long tin horn, was sent to parade the streets, and after each flourish of this musical instrument, he announced the fact that an assembly of the members of the Union would be held on the 'Long' Bridge. The tin horn, which is still preserved as a sacred relic in the family of the 'bugler,' was styled by the Chartists the 'Horn of Liberty,' while the soldiers who visited the town after the outbreak dubbed it the 'Chartists' Bugle.'
A chloroplast processing enzyme functions as the general stromal processing peptidase (1998)

A highly specific stromal processing activity is thought to cleave a large diversity of precursors targeted to the chloroplast, removing an N-terminal transit peptide. The identity of this key component of the import machinery has not been unequivocally established. We have previously characterized a chloroplast processing enzyme (CPE) that cleaves the precursor of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II (LHCPII). Here we report the overexpression of active CPE in Escherichia coli. Examination of the recombinant enzyme in vitro revealed that it cleaves not only preLHCPII, but also the precursors for an array of proteins essential for different reactions and destined for different compartments of the organelle. CPE also processes its own precursor in trans. Neither the recombinant CPE nor the native CPE of chloroplasts process a preLHCPII mutant with an altered cleavage site demonstrating that both forms of the enzyme are sensitive to the same structural modification of the substrate. The transit peptide of the precursor of ferredoxin is released by a single cleavage event and found intact after processing by recombinant CPE and a chloroplast extract as well. These results provide the first direct demonstration that CPE is the general stromal processing peptidase that acts as an endopeptidase. Significantly, recombinant CPE cleaves in the absence of other chloroplast proteins, and this activity depends on metal cations, such as zinc.
Recent Progress of Microfluidics in Translational Applications (2016)

Microfluidics, featuring microfabricated structures, is a technology for manipulating fluids at the micrometer scale. The small dimension and flexibility of microfluidic systems are ideal for mimicking molecular and cellular microenvironment, and show great potential in translational research and development. Here, the recent progress of microfluidics in biological and biomedical applications, including molecular analysis, cellular analysis, and chip-based material delivery and biomimetic design is presented. The potential future developments in the translational microfluidics field are also discussed.
Automatic modulation recognition of digitally modulated signals (2003)

A modulation recognizer that automatically reports modulation types of constant-envelope modulated signals is developed using zero-crossing techniques. The zero-crossing sampler, as a signal conditioner, has the advantage of providing accurate phase transition information over a wide dynamic frequency range. Signal parameters, such as zero-crossing variance, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and carrier frequency, are estimated. Phase-difference and zero-crossing-interval histograms play the roles of features for modulation recognition. The classifier performance is given in the form of a confusion matrix. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that reasonable average probability of correct classification is achievable at CNR=15 dB and higher.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficacious Form for Model Pseudopotentials (1982)

A simple way has been discovered to put model pseudopotentials, $V(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})={\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathrm{lm}}|{Y}_{\mathrm{lm}}〉{V}_{l}(r)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}〈{Y}_{\mathrm{lm}}|$, into a form which reduces the number of integrals of $V(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})$ required for an energyband calculation from $\frac{\mathrm{mn}(n+1)}{2}$ to $\mathrm{mn}$ for each $l$ in the sum (where $n$ is the number of plane waves used in the expansion and $m$ the number of points in the Brillouin zone at which the calculation is performed). The new form may be chosen to improve the accuracy of the pseudopotential when used in other chemical environments.
Replacement of Mitral Valve Posterior Chordae Tendineae with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Suture: A Finite Element Study (1996)

This integrated mitral valve finite element model provides a tool to investigate the performance of the valve system. In this study, we have shown that 2-0 ePTFE suture replacement of ruptured posterior chordae tendineae returns the valve to a near normal state, in terms of leaflet stress and coaptation, and chordal stresses.
Fibronectin-Stimulated Signaling from a Focal Adhesion Kinase–c-Src Complex: Involvement of the Grb2, p130 <sup> <i>cas</i> </sup> , and Nck Adaptor Proteins (1997)

The focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK), associates with integrin receptors and is activated by cell binding to extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (FN). FAK autophosphorylation at Tyr-397 promotes Src homology 2 (SH2) domain binding of Src family PTKs, and c-Src phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-925 creates an SH2 binding site for the Grb2 SH2-SH3 adaptor protein. FN-stimulated Grb2 binding to FAK may facilitate intracellular signaling to targets such as ERK2-mitogen-activated protein kinase. We examined FN-stimulated signaling to ERK2 and found that ERK2 activation was reduced 10-fold in Src- fibroblasts, compared to that of Src- fibroblasts stably reexpressing wild-type c-Src. FN-stimulated FAK phosphotyrosine (P.Tyr) and Grb2 binding to FAK were reduced, whereas the tyrosine phosphorylation of another signaling protein, p130cas, was not detected in the Src- cells. Stable expression of residues 1 to 298 of Src (Src 1-298, which encompass the SH3 and SH2 domains of c-Src) in the Src- cells blocked Grb2 binding to FAK; but surprisingly, Src 1-298 expression also resulted in elevated p130cas P.Tyr levels and a two- to threefold increase in FN-stimulated ERK2 activity compared to levels in Src- cells. Src 1-298 bound to both FAK and p130cas and promoted FAK association with p130cas in vivo. FAK was observed to phosphorylate p130cas in vitro and could thus phosphorylate p130cas upon FN stimulation of the Src 1-298-expressing cells. FAK-induced phosphorylation of p130cas in the Src 1-298 cells promoted the SH2 domain-dependent binding of the Nck adaptor protein to p130cas, which may facilitate signaling to ERK2. These results show that there are additional FN-stimulated pathways to ERK2 that do not involve Grb2 binding to FAK.