gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olfactory neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are involved in sensing semiochemicals (2007)

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the main olfactory epithelium respond to environmental odorants. Recent studies reveal that these OSNs also respond to semiochemicals such as pheromones and that main olfactory input modulates animal reproduction, but the transduction mechanism for these chemosignals is not fully understood. Previously, we determined that responses to putative pheromones in the main olfactory system were reduced but not eliminated in mice defective for the canonical cAMP transduction pathway, and we suggested, on the basis of pharmacology, an involvement of phospholipase C. In the present study, we find that a downstream signaling component of the phospholipase C pathway, the transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5), is coexpressed with the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit A2 in a subset of mature OSNs. These neurons project axons primarily to the ventral olfactory bulb, where information from urine and other socially relevant signals is processed. We find that these chemosignals activate a subset of glomeruli targeted by TRPM5-expressing OSNs. Our data indicate that TRPM5-expressing OSNs that project axons to glomeruli in the ventral area of the main olfactory bulb are involved in processing of information from semiochemicals.
An independently addressable microbiosensor array: What are the limits of sensing element density? (2000)

A microdisc sensor array, prepared by thin film technology, has been used as a model for miniaturized multi-functional biosensors. It consists of a series of wells, 20 microns in diameter, possessing a 1000 A Pt layer at the bottom that serves as the indicating electrode. The depth of the wells ranged from 2.3-24 microns, depending on the photoresist employed and the spinning speed used to coat the electrode interconnect grid. Ten such wells were arranged in a circular array within an area of radius 130 microns. The center to center distance between any two of the discs ranged from 30 to 155 microns. Each disc is connected by a conductive film line to corresponding pads on the side of the sensor chip. A cylinder placed on top of the chip array formed the electrochemical cell into which a common reference and counter electrode were placed. The reference electrode was operated at ground potential. Prior to the evaluation of enzyme sensors, an assessment of "chemical cross-talk", the perturbation of sensor response resulting from the overlap of proximal diffusion layers, was made using Fe(CN)6(4-). The preliminary conclusion is that the sensing elements probably must be separated by about 100 microns in order to avoid interference from adjacent sensors. A technique was developed for the precision delivery of enzyme and cross-linking agent to the 2.3 microns cavity, having a capacity of 4 pL. This procedure makes possible the preparation of sensor arrays capable of detecting different analytes by employing different enzymes. The sensors gave reasonably rapid (2-4 s) response with linearity (up to about 10 mM. However, the sensors in the center of the array clearly showed the effects of depletion of substrates by the surrounding sensors.
Adaptive Filter Techniques for Separation of Luminance and Chrominance in PAL TV Signals (1986)

Mass storage devices will be introduced in consumer TV products in the near future. After changing over TV signal processing from analog to digital, firstly the use of field and frame stores allows to do a big step towards a better picture quality, even in existing standards.
On the complexity of optimal routing and content caching in heterogeneous networks (2015)

We investigate the problem of optimal request routing and content caching in a heterogeneous network supporting in-network content caching with the goal of minimizing average content access delay. Here, content can either be accessed directly from a back-end server (where content resides permanently) or be obtained from one of multiple in-network caches. To access a piece of content, a user must decide whether to route its request to a cache or to the back-end server. Additionally, caches must decide which content to cache. We investigate the problem complexity of two problem formulations, where the direct path to the back-end server is modeled as i) a congestion-sensitive or ii) a congestion-insensitive path, reflecting whether or not the delay of the uncached path to the back-end server depends on the user request load, respectively. We show that the problem is NP-complete in both cases. We prove that under the congestion-insensitive model the problem can be solved optimally in polynomial time if each piece of content is requested by only one user, or when there are at most two caches in the network. We also identify a structural property of the user-cache graph that potentially makes the problem NP-complete. For the congestion-sensitive model, we prove that the problem remains NP-complete even if there is only one cache in the network and each content is requested by only one user. We show that approximate solutions can be found for both models within a (1 - 1/e) factor of the optimal solution, and demonstrate a greedy algorithm that is found to be within 1% of optimal for small problem sizes. Through trace-driven simulations we evaluate the performance of our greedy algorithms, which show up to a 50% reduction in average delay over solutions based on LRU content caching.
Site-Selective Assembly and Fixation of Colloidal Particles into Two-Dimensional Array on Wettability-Patterned Surface (2007)

We report on a site-selective assembly and fixation process for setting colloidal particles onto a two-dimensional array on a wettability-patterned surface. The site-selectivity originates from the control of the wettability of a liquid crystal (LC)/prepolymer composite, used as a colloidal suspension, on an alignment layer exposed to ultraviolet light. The fixation of close-packed colloidal particles was achieved on a supported polymer film formed through the anisotropic phase separation of the LC/prepolymer. This wettability-based assembly and fixing process for colloidal particles could be useful for biomedical and photonic applications.
Machine learning for precision psychiatry (2017)

The nature of mental illness remains a conundrum. Traditional disease categories are increasingly suspected to mis-represent the causes underlying mental disturbance. Yet, psychiatrists and investigators now have an unprecedented opportunity to benefit from complex patterns in brain, behavior, and genes using methods from machine learning (e.g., support vector machines, modern neural-network algorithms, cross-validation procedures). Combining these analysis techniques with a wealth of data from consortia and repositories has the potential to advance a biologically grounded re-definition of major psychiatric disorders. Within the next 10-20 years, incoming patients could be stratified into distinct biological subgroups that cut across classical diagnostic boundaries. In a new era of evidence-based psychiatry tailored to single patients, objectively measurable endophenotypes could allow for individualized prediction of early diagnosis, treatment selection, and dosage adjustment to reduce the burden of disease. This primer aims to introduce clinicians and researchers to the opportunities and challenges in bringing machine intelligence into psychiatric practice.
Verbal and pictorial elaborations enhance memory in younger and older adults (1996)

Abstract These studies examined the facilitative role of verbal and pictorial elaborations in younger and older adults' recall of verbal material. During acquisition, subjects studied short sentences under one of several encoding/retrieval conditions where the presence of verbal and pictorial elaborations was systematically varied. Subjects later recalled the target adjectives, given the sentence frames as a prompt. In Experiment 1, explanatory verbal elaborations at study and test enhanced verbal recall for both age groups, but no benefit of pictorial elaborations was observed. In Experiment 2, pictorial elaborations improved recall for both age groups. A significant Age x Encoding Condition interaction effect revealed that the benefit was especially pronounced for the older adults. the implications of these results for understanding the facilitative effects of pictorial illustrations on older adults. recall of verbal material are discussed.
Mass Incarceration: Triple Jeopardy for Women in a "Color-Blind" and Gender-Neutral Justice System (2012)

This article will explore the growth in the incarceration of women over the past three decades. Recent scholarship has examined the impact of the war on crime on men, the poor and persons of color and characterized this movement as the New Jim Crow. This strain of research has focused on men. In this article, I will explore the impact of the war on crime on women, their families and their children. I will also explore the so-called gender neutral sentencing reforms and demonstrate the impact of these protocols on women. Finally, I will map the array of social control mechanisms and suggest ways forward to a system that creates greater justice for many of those swept into the war on crime. The author will rely on qualitative research with incarcerated mothers to understand the impact of systems of control on limiting their chances to re-enter mainstream society as workers, mothers, and citizens.
Human Corneal Epithelial Basement Membrane and Integrin Alterations in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Corneas of diabetic patients have abnormal healing and epithelial adhesion, which may be due to alterations of the corneal extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM). To identify such alterations, various ECM and BM components and integrin receptors were studied by immunofluorescence on sections of normal and diabetic human corneas. Age-matched corneas from 15 normal subjects, 10 diabetics without diabetic retinopathy (DR), and 12 diabetics with DR were used. In DR corneas, the composition of the central epithelial BM was markedly altered, compared to normal or non-DR diabetic corneas. In most cases the staining for entactin/nidogen and for chains of laminin-1 (alpha1beta1gamma1) and laminin-10 (alpha5beta1gamma1 was very weak, discontinuous, or absent over large areas. Other BM components displayed less frequent changes. The staining for alpha3beta1 (VLA-3) laminin binding integrin was also weak and discontinuous in DR corneal epithelium. Components of stromal ECM remained unchanged even in DR corneas. Therefore, distinct changes were identified in the composition of the epithelial BM in DR corneas. They may be due to increased degradation or decreased synthesis of BM components and related integrins. These alterations may directly contribute to the epithelial adhesion and wound healing abnormalities found in diabetic corneas.
Extensive interbreed, but minimal intrabreed, variation of DLA class II alleles and haplotypes in dogs (2002)

The DLA class II genes in the dog major histocompatibility complex are highly polymorphic. To date, 52 DLA-DRB1, 16 DLA-DQA1 and 41 DLA-DQB1 allelic sequences have been assigned. The aim of this study was to examine the intrabreed and interbreed variation of DLA allele and haplotype frequencies in dogs, and to ascertain whether conserved DLA class II haplotypes occur within and between different breeds. One thousand and 25 DNA samples from over 80 different breeds were DLA class II genotyped, the number of dogs per breed ranging from 1 to 61. DNA sequence based typing and sequence specific oligonucleotide probing were used to characterize dogs for their DLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles. The high frequency of DLA class II homozygous animals (35%), allowed the assignment of many haplotypes despite the absence of family data. Four new DLA alleles were identified during the course of this study. Analysis of the data revealed considerable interbreed variation, not only in allele frequency, but also in the numbers of alleles found per breed. There was also considerable variation in the number of breeds in which particular alleles were found. These interbreed variations were found in all three DLA class II loci tested, and also applied to the three-locus haplotypes identified. Within this data set, 58 different DLA-DRB1/DQA1/DQB1 three-locus haplotypes were identified, which were all found in at least two different animals. Some of the haplotypes appeared to be characteristic of certain breeds. The high interbreed, and relatively low intrabreed, variation of MHC alleles and haplotypes found in this study could provide an explanation for reports of interbreed variation of immune responses to vaccines, viruses and other infections.
Adaptive acquisition of PN sequences for DSSS communications (1998)

Since the received signal levels in mobile communications are unknown and the location is varying, acquisition schemes for pseudonoise (PN) sequences with fixed thresholds cannot provide satisfactory performance. This fixed-threshold scheme may cause too many false alarms or result in a low detection probability for a selected threshold value. We present an adaptive acquisition scheme for PN sequences which estimate the background power level, multiply it with a threshold coefficient to keep the false alarms constant, and use it as a threshold.
alpha-Glucosidase II-deficient cells use endo alpha-mannosidase as a bypass route for N-linked oligosaccharide processing (1991)

The kinetics of N-linked oligosaccharide processing and the structures of the processing intermediates have been examined in normal parental BW5147 mouse lymphoma cells and the alpha-glucosidase II-deficient PHAR2.7 mutant cells. The mutant cells accumulated glucosylated intermediates but were able to deglucosylate and process about 40% of their oligosaccharides to complex-type. This processing was not due to residual alpha-glucosidase II activity since the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and N-butyl-DNJ did not prevent it. Parent cells also showed alpha-glucosidase II-independent processing in the presence of DNJ and N-butyl-DNJ. Membrane preparations from both parent and mutant cells had endo alpha-mannosidase activity, that is, split Glc1,2Man9GlcNAc to Glc1,2Man plus Man8GlcNAc, indicating that this was a candidate for an alternate route to complex oligosaccharide formation in the mutant cells. A balance study in which the cellular glycoproteins, intracellular water soluble saccharides, and saccharides secreted into the medium were isolated and analyzed from [2-3H]mannose-labeled mutant cells showed that the cells formed the di- and trisaccharides Glc1Man and Glc2Man in amounts equivalent to the deglucosylated oligosaccharides found in the cellular glycoproteins. This result shows unequivocally that the alpha-glucosidase II-deficient mutant cells use endo alpha-mannosidase as a bypass route for N-linked oligosaccharide processing.
Rare‐Earth‐Doped Nanocrystalline Titania Microspheres Emitting Luminescence via Energy Transfer (2008)

Rare-earth-doped nanocrystalline titania microspheres are prepared using an inexpensive and scalable ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Anatase titania nanocrystals distributed inside these microspheres function as sensitizers to absorb light and transfer energy to rare earth ions, which leads to intense and narrow bandwidth emission. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c1507_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Two-Dimensional Mathematical Model of Evacuated Tubular Solar Collector (1984)

Analysis of an evacuated tubular solar collector is presented by developing a two-dimensional performance model. The collector uses a thin flat plate spanning its diameter as its absorbing surface. Energy balances are made on collector plate and tube, each considered as a separate unit. It has been found that a zero capacitance model is quite adequate when hourly meteorological data are used, and hence in this study steady state analysis of the collector is made [1]. The overall loss coefficient has been assumed to be constant for the whole plate. The model also includes optical effects. The emphasis of the investigation is to study the two-dimensional effects in the absorber plate housed in evacuated glass cylinders. Performance curves obtained from the two-dimensional model has been compared with that of HW model. It was found that the HW model overestimates the performance.
Changes in Rates of Autopsy-Detected Diagnostic Errors Over Time (2003)

The possibility that a given autopsy will reveal important unsuspected diagnoses has decreased over time, but remains sufficiently high that encouraging ongoing use of the autopsy appears warranted.
A broadband low-noise front-end amplifier for ultra wideband in 0.13 μm CMOS (2004)

A front-end amplifier for ultra wideband (UWB) is described. The amplifier has a single-ended input and a differential output, with 16 dB power gain, a flat-gain bandwidth of 2-5.2 GHz, an output P1dB of -8 dBm and a NF of 4.7-5.7 dB. The amplifier is implemented in 0.13 /spl mu/m digital CMOS, occupies 0.4/spl times/0.6 mm/sup 2/, and consumes 38 mW power.
Glycine and Alanine Imines as Templates for Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acids (2000)

The present paper is an overview of new methods for the asymmetric synthesis of different types of α-amino acids. These methods are based on alkylation and condensation reactions of glycine and alanine imine derivatives, which can be carried out under very mild and simple reaction conditions. The enolates generated from these types of reagents are very soft and can be alkylated in a highly diastereoselective manner, even at room temperature, by using chiral templates or asymmetric PTC conditions. These methodologies afford monoalkylated and dialkylated α-amino acids as well as heterocyclic derivatives. In the case of cyclic imine derivatives with oxazinone or pyrazinone structures, the condensation reaction under PTC conditions or with Eschenmoser’s salt allows the preparation of chiral α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid derivatives which can be hydrogenated, cyclopropanated or submitted to Diels−Alder cycloadditions to afford N-methylated and cyclic α-amino acids.
SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MYCOPHENOLIC ACID (1969)

Mycophenolic acid (MA) inhibits the growth of some pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and several species of Trichophyton at low concentrations in vitro. The antibiotic is more effectvie against fungi at slightly acidic pH than neutral pH. When administered to mice through the intraperitoneal, intramuscular and oral routes MA excreted to a few per cent in the urine. However, at no time was active MA detectable in the blood of mice. MA is effective against experimental trichophytosis of the guinea pigs, without noticeable skin irritation or inflammation.
Plasticized PVC films/petroleum oils: The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on plasticizer migration (1991)

Abstract Plasticizer migration from flexible poly(vinyl chloride) comprises an important aspect, especially when packaging foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. Much of the published work has been intended either to correlate migration into simulants with that into foods or to study migration into simpler extractants, enabling the various parameters involved in migration to be studied in isolation. According to the latter approach, the migration of dioctyl phthalate into petroleum oils has been studied already in our laboratory and in this paper results are presented in an attempt to reduce or prevent migration by u.v. irradiation. The effect of irradiation time on short and long‐term migration behavior was examined together with the influence of the immersion temperature. The nature of the liquid environment seemed to be a predominant aspect: high viscosity oils presented a satisfactory behavior in contrast with those of lower viscosity in which the prevention effect was rather negligible. On the other hand, primary kinetics studies yielded similar results with those already established for untreated material (i.e., good conformity to the short time Fickian approximation).
A derivative of staurosporine (CGP 41 251) shows selectivity for protein kinase C inhibition and <i>In vitro</i> anti‐proliferative as well as <i>In vivo</i> anti‐tumor activity (1989)

Analogues of staurosporine were synthesized and their ability to inhibit protein kinases was examined. Staurosporine is a potent but non-selective inhibitor of in vitro protein kinase C(PKC) activity (IC50 6.0 nM). The derivative CGP 41 251 had reduced PKC activity with an IC50 of 50 nM but showed a high degree of selectivity when assayed for inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (IC50 2.4 microM), S6 kinase (IC50 5.0 microM) and tyrosine-kinase-specific activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (IC50 3.0 microM). Staurosporine and CGP 41 251 exerted growth inhibition in the human bladder carcinoma line T-24, human promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60 and bovine corneal endothelial cells at concentrations which correlated well with in vitro PKC inhibition. In addition, both compounds inhibited the release of H2O2 from human monocytes pre-treated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate at non-toxic concentrations. In vivo anti-tumor activity was examined in T-24 human bladder carcinoma xenografts in athymic nude mice. Tumor growth inhibition tests revealed significant anti-tumor activity (2p less than 0.001) at 1/10 of the maximum tolerated doses for both compounds. By contrast, a closely related derivative of staurosporine (CGP 42 700) was inactive at concentrations of over 100 microM in all in vitro enzyme and anti-proliferative assays as well as in animal tumor models. Our data suggest an association between PKC inhibition and anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activity.
System Performance of Clustered DFT-S-OFDM Considering Maximum Allowable Transmit Power (2011)

Support of non-contiguous frequency resource allocation (FRA) based on clustered discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (clustered DFT-S-OFDM) is considered a key element of LTE-Advanced uplink to enhance the spectrum efficiency via an enhanced frequency domain scheduling. However, reduction of out-of-band emissions due to multiple clusters is a critical issue for clustered DFT-S-OFDM in an actual system. This paper verifies the system performance gain of clustered DFT-S-OFDM using power control (PC) with maximum power reduction (MPR) for suppression of out-of-band emissions, under realistic assumptions, including channel quality measurement error and power setting error. Simulation results show that the clustered DFT-S-OFDM improves the average throughput over DFT-S-OFDM, even with PC with MPR, but suffers some degradation due to the large fixed MPR. By applying a novel PC with autonomously adjusted MPR that depends on the separation of the clusters, no degradation of the performance gain is observed while satisfying the spectrum emission requirements.