gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guided Quasicontinuous Atom Laser (2006)

We report the first realization of a guided quasicontinuous atom laser by rf outcoupling a Bose-Einstein condensate from a hybrid optomagnetic trap into a horizontal atomic waveguide. This configuration allows us to cancel the acceleration due to gravity and keep the de Broglie wavelength constant at 0.5 microm during 0.1 s of propagation. We also show that our configuration, equivalent to pigtailing an optical fiber to a (photon) semiconductor laser, ensures an intrinsically good transverse mode matching.
Optimization of Biomass and Fatty Acid Production by Aurantiochytrium sp. Strain 4W-1b (2012)

The biomass and lipid productions by a newly isolated Aurantiochytrium strain, 4W-1b, were investigated at different temperatures and glucose concentrations. The maximum biomass was produced at 15–25 °C. The biomass, lipid, and fatty acid productions were the maximum in a 6% glucose medium. The lipid and fatty acid productions were estimated to be approximately 11 g/L and 9 g/L, respectively, with the highest yields of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6; 1.5 g/L) and palmitic acid (16:0; 4.8 g/L). The 4W-1b strain is considered to have a high potential for uses in various industrial sectors, including fuel, health supplements, soap, and food oil companies.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Enkephalin-Like Peptides (1980)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Design optimization for optical patterns in a light-guide panel to improve illuminance and uniformity of the liquid-crystal display (2009)

Design of an optical pattern in a light-guide panel (LGP) has relied on empirical methods. However, the characteristics of developing liquid-crystal display (LCD) products such as frequent design modifications, various design conditions, and a short development period make it difficult for the empirical design approach to cope with various design requirements for size, shape, and optical performance of the LCD products. The most important tasks for the design of LGPs are improving average illuminance and the uniformity of the backlight unit. To meet these requirements, a design for an incoupling and an outcoupling part of the LGP is presented. These two parts can be designed in two separate phases: the first for the incoupling part and the second for the outcoupling part. The shape of serration in the incoupling part was first determined by design of experiments, and the dot patterns in the outcoupling part were subsequently determined by a density-based approach with progressive quadratic response surface modeling. Using this design approach, the illuminance was increased from 2241 lx in the initial design to 2299 lx in the optimal design, and its uniformity also increased from 38% to 82%.
Analysis of thin copper film planar lines with fractal structure for microwave circuits (1996)

We propose modifying the spectral-domain approach to analyze planar lines with a very thin copper strip, presenting a fractal character. We derive, from a fractional derivative electromagnetism formulation, a new modified surface impedance introduced in that numerical technique. The results exhibit very sensitive evolution of the losses and of the relative effective permittivity versus frequency. ©1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Environmentally-relevant exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alters regulation of double-strand break formation and crossover designation leading to germline dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans (2020)

Exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), the most abundant plasticizer used in the production of polyvinyl-containing plastics, has been associated to adverse reproductive health outcomes in both males and females. While the effects of DEHP on reproductive health have been widely investigated, the molecular mechanisms by which exposure to environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP and its metabolites impact the female germline in the context of a multicellular organism have remained elusive. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline as a model for studying reprotoxicity, we show that exposure to environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP and its metabolites results in increased meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), altered DSB repair progression, activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, defects in chromosome remodeling at late prophase I, aberrant chromosome morphology in diakinesis oocytes, increased chromosome non-disjunction and defects during early embryogenesis. Exposure to DEHP results in a subset of nuclei held in a DSB permissive state in mid to late pachytene that exhibit defects in crossover (CO) designation/formation. In addition, these nuclei show reduced Polo-like kinase-1/2 (PLK-1/2)-dependent phosphorylation of SYP-4, a synaptonemal complex (SC) protein. Moreover, DEHP exposure leads to germline-specific change in the expression of prmt-5, which encodes for an arginine methyltransferase, and both increased SC length and altered CO designation levels on the X chromosome. Taken together, our data suggest a model by which impairment of a PLK-1/2-dependent negative feedback loop set in place to shut down meiotic DSBs, together with alterations in chromosome structure, contribute to the formation of an excess number of DSBs and altered CO designation levels, leading to genomic instability.
Recent progress in lateral overgrowth of semiconductor structures from the liquid phase (2005)

Abstract The article presents a short review of recent developments in epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of thin layers of III‐V compound semiconductors by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and also by liquid phase electroepitaxy (LPEE). The focus is on the relative contributions of various transport processes involved in ELO toward the growth of high quality, dislocation free thin layers of semiconductors with large width/thickness ratios. Results of our experimental and modelling studies on lateral overgrowth by LPE are used as examples. Furthermore, the application of LPEE for lateral overgrowth of compound semiconductors, a new emerging area of ELO technology, is discussed, and some experimental and numerical results are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of monosomics to map cloned DNA fragments in maize (1986)

Monosomic maize (Zea mays L.) plants were generated using the r-X1 deficiency system, and the monosomy was confirmed both genetically and cytologically. Genomic DNAs prepared from a group of plants, each monosomic for one chromosome, were digested with restriction enzymes, electrophoresed in agarose gels, and blotted onto nylon membranes. Hybridization of labeled cloned DNA fragments to these blots proved efficient in assigning each fragment to the chromosome from which it originated. Cloned DNA has previously contributed to loci detection through the use of the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), these loci subsequently being arranged into linkage groups by segregation analysis. In this study, these linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes, facilitating the construction of a linkage map for maize containing 112 RFLP loci. An additional 35 loci were also assigned to chromosomes by this method; however, the linkage relationships of these loci to other RFLP loci on each chromosome remains undetermined.
Modified diffusion bonding for both Cu and SiO<inf>2</inf> at 150 &#x00B0;C in ambient air (2010)

This paper presents the vapor-assisted bonding method that is applicable to Cu and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at 150°C at atmospheric pressure. Considering a future three-dimensional integration of highly flattened substrates, such a bonding technology is expected to be effective in generating high binding energy on both the metal electrodes and the insulation layer at the same time. To interconnect the materials with different bond mechanisms (metallic-bond and ionic-bond) by single process in ambient air-like condition, the structure of adsorbate on the surface had to be well controlled. In this study, it was proven that the water molecules in collision with the atomically clean surfaces of Cu and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> provoked the formation of bridging layers. Therefore, oxygen gas with controlled humidity was used as the process atmosphere. In order to ensure a good bond quality, first we had to understand the influence of water molecules on the growth behavior of adsorbate layers created after the surface cleaning by Ar fast atom beam. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) observations were carried out on the samples exposed to nitrogen gas with controlled humidity. Analysis results identified that the bridging layers for Cu and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> included oxide, hydroxide hydrate, and silanol groups, respectively. These layers were considered to contain extra intermolecular bound water, which inferred the additional adsorption of water molecules in ambient air-like atmosphere. In addition, the angle resolved testing showed that thickness of bridging layers increased concomitantly with absolute humidity. Upon heating at the temperatures higher than 100°C, high die-shear strength was obtained at the interfaces of Cu-Cu, Cu-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> due to the dissociation of water molecules. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that, in particular at the Cu-Cu interfaces, the amorphous interfacial layers were created in increasing thickness with absolute humidity. In such amorphous layers, recrystallization of CuO grains was observed during the storage in ambient air at room temperature. Since thin CuO interfacial layers had turned out to be tolerant of bondability in previous studies, high feasibility is expected with this vapor-assisted bonding method when a good control of layer thickness is provided.
Illumination and reading performance in age‐related macular degeneration (2001)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have compared low vision reading performance at optimal task illuminance and consulting room illuminance (500 to 600 lux). However, it is uncertain the extent to which low vision reading performance can be improved when task illumination is increased from levels more representative of those found in the typical living room (50 lux) to levels likely to maximise performance. METHODS: Reading performance of 20 subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was assessed for a range of print sizes using sentence reading charts at six levels of task illuminance (50 to 5,000 lux). Subjects read without low vision devices. RESULTS: Sentence reading acuity and critical print size improved by a factor of two over the 50 to 5,000 lux range, while maximum reading rate improved by a factor of 1.4. For the majority of subjects (70 per cent), the optimal task illuminance (determined objectively) was higher (median 3,500 lux) than the subjectively preferred task illuminance (median 2,450 lux). Reading performance was significantly better at the optimal illuminance than at illuminances equivalent to those found in the domestic environment (50 lux) or consulting room (600 lux). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of AMD patients will require task illumination of at least 2,000 lux to maximise reading performance. Optimal illumination should be determined individually for each patient using both objective measures of performance, such as reading acuity, and subjective assessments of visual comfort.
Dual Low-Voltage IC Design for High-Voltage Floating Gate Drives (2008)

An integrated circuit (IC) design for low and high side gate drive in high-voltage applications is presented based on use of two identical low-voltage ICs that provide a low cost alternative to existing high-voltage IC floating gate drivers. The approach uses a single external coupling capacitor between the two ICs with on-chip circuitry to provide charge pump power supply and on/off signaling. Design details are given for each of the core blocks of a custom IC prototype fabricated in a 20-V 0.8- mum CMOS process. Experimental results are presented demonstrating successful drive of a 200-V half-bridge with an electronic ballast and 32-W linear fluorescent lamp load.
Compositional gradients and impurity distributions in CuInSe <sub>2</sub> thin‐film solar cells studied by atom probe tomography (2012)

The present study is about the characterization of CuInSe 2 thin‐film solar cells using atom probe tomography. Elemental distributions, in particular compositional gradients and impurity segregation at internal interfaces, have been determined at the sub‐nanometer scale. Direct evidence of impurity (Cd, Na, and O) segregation at CuInSe 2 grain boundaries is given. Possibly occurring point defects are discussed with respect to their influence on the electronic properties and the efficiency of the solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased urinary excretion of glycosphingolipids in familial hypercholesterolemia. (1982)

The content of glycosphingolipids (GSL) was studied in the urinary sediments (24-hr specimens) from seven normal subjects, a patient with Fabry's disease, and five homozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Normal urinary sediments contained very small amounts of GalCer, GlcCer, GaOse(2)Cer, LacCer, GbOse(3)Cer, and GbOse(4)Cer. In Fabry urinary sediment, the levels (nmole glucose/24 hr) of GaOse(2)Cer and of GbOse(3)Cer were 389 and 550, respectively. In urinary sediments from the FH subjects, the mean contents (nmol glucose/mg protein per 24 hr) of GlcCer, GalCer, and LacCer were 2.7, 1.9, and 15.8 times higher, respectively, than in normals. The mean contents ( micro g/mg protein per 24 hr) of total cholesterol and phospholipid in the urinary sediment of FH (1.1 and 224, respectively) and normals (0.8 and 220) were similar. The mean contents of GlcCer, GalCer, and LacCer, expressed in terms of the cholesterol content of urinary sediment (nmol glucose/ micro g cholesterol per 24 hr), were increased 3.4-, 1.6-, and 5.4-fold, respectively, in the FH homozygotes. Of the five FH homozygotes, only one, who had undergone a portacaval shunt and was also receiving lipid-lowering therapy, had a normal value of LacCer. The other four FH homozygotes had levels of LacCer that were 3- to 55-fold higher (nmol glucose/mg protein per 24 hr) and 5.5- to 7.3-fold higher (nmol glucose/ micro g cholesterol per 24 hr) than the mean of the normals. One homozygote underwent plasma exchange therapy that reduced both the baseline urinary (nmol glucose/24 hr) and plasma (nmol/100 ml) LacCer levels from 86 to 7 and from 1491 to 852, respectively. Eleven days after plasma exchange, the urinary LacCer levels approached pre-exchange levels (59 nmol glucose/24 hr). The data indicate that there is an abnormality of GSL metabolism associated with familial hyper-cholesterolemia and that the urinary excretion of GSL can be modified by plasma exchange therapy.-Chatterjee, S., C. S. Sekerke, and P. O. Kwiterovich, Jr. Increased urinary excretion of glycosphingolipids in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Conversion of Waste Tire Rubber into High-Value-Added Carbon Supports for Electrocatalysis (2018)

Carbon supports are vital for a wide range of electrochemical reactions, yet the production of useful carbon supports largely relies on costly precursors and fabrication methods. Here, we present a new economical process to fabricate carbon-based supports for electrocatalysts using recycled tire rubber as the main feedstock. Using the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as an example, we deposited Pt nanocubes on tire-derived carbon with different textural properties and surface chemistries. Our results show that Pt nanocubes are most effective toward the ORR when loaded onto tire-derived carbon with an increased electrochemically active surface area, a decreased average pore diameter, low sulfur content, and good crystallinity. These properties collectively allow for high dispersion of Pt nanocubes onto the tire-derived carbon support, and hence, increase the activity toward oxygen reduction. When benchmarked against a commercial carbon black support (Ketjen-300), the tire-derived carbon support achieved similar performance. Our results highlight an effective approach to converting waste tires into carbon supports for electrocatalysis.
Traveling-wave 13-μm interferometer modulator with high bandwidth, low drive power, and low loss (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text David W. Dolfi, "Traveling-wave 1.3-μm interferometer modulator with high bandwidth, low drive power, and low loss," Appl. Opt. 25, 2479-2480 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Robust differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into endothelial cells via temporal modulation of ETV2 with modified mRNA (2020)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (h-iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (h-iECs) have become a valuable tool in regenerative medicine. However, current differentiation protocols remain inefficient and lack reliability. Here, we describe a method for rapid, consistent, and highly efficient generation of h-iECs. The protocol entails the delivery of modified mRNA encoding the transcription factor <i>ETV2</i> at the intermediate mesodermal stage of differentiation. This approach reproducibly differentiated 13 diverse h-iPSC lines into h-iECs with exceedingly high efficiency. In contrast, standard differentiation methods that relied on endogenous <i>ETV2</i> were inefficient and notably inconsistent. Our h-iECs were functionally competent in many respects, including the ability to form perfused vascular networks in vivo. Timely activation of <i>ETV2</i> was critical, and bypassing the mesodermal stage produced putative h-iECs with reduced expansion potential and inability to form functional vessels. Our protocol has broad applications and could reliably provide an unlimited number of h-iECs for vascular therapies.
Soluble interleukin‐1 receptor accessory protein ameliorates collagen‐induced arthritis by a different mode of action from that of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (2005)

We show that the sIL-1RAcP ameliorated experimental arthritis without affecting T cell immunity, in contrast to IL-1Ra. Our results provide data in support of receptor competition by sIL-1RAcP as an explanation for the different mode of IL-1 antagonism in comparison with IL-1Ra.
Mechanisms of inactivation of p14ARF, p15INK4b, and p16INK4a genes in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (1999)

The 9p21 gene cluster, harboring growth suppressive genes p14ARF, p15INK4b, and p16INK4a, is one of the major aberration hotspots in human cancers. It was shown that p14ARF and p16INK4a play active roles in the p53 and Rb tumor suppressive pathways, respectively, and p15INK4b is a mediator of the extracellular growth inhibition signals. To elucidate specific targets and aberrations affecting this subchromosomal region, we constructed a detailed alteration map of the 9p21 gene cluster by analyzing homozygous deletion, hypermethylation, and mutation of the p14ARF, p15INK4b, and p16INK4a genes individually in 40 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and compared the genetic alterations with mRNA expression in 18 of these samples. We detected aberrant promoter methylation of the p16INK4a gene in 16 (40%), of p14ARF in 6 (15%), and of p15INK4b in 5 (12.5%) tumor samples. Most p16INK4a methylations were exclusive, whereas all but one of the p14ARF/p15INK4b methylations were accompanied by concomitant p16INK4a methylation. We detected homozygous deletion of p16INK4a in 7 (17.5%), of p14ARF-E1beta in 13 (33%), and of p15INK4b in 16 (40%) tumor samples. Most deletions occurred exclusively on the E1beta-p15INK4b loci. Two samples contained p14ARF deletion but with p16INK4a and p15INK4b intact. No mutation was detected in the p14ARF and p16INK4a genes. Comparative RT-PCR showed good concordance between suppressed mRNA expression and genetic alteration for p15INK4b and p16INK4a genes in the 18 frozen samples, whereas 5 of the 13 cases with suppressed p14ARF mRNA expression contained no detectable E1beta alteration but aberrations in the p16INK4a locus. Our results show that in human ESCCs, p14ARF is a primary target of homozygous deletion along with p15INK4b, whereas p16INK4a is the hotspot of hypermethylation of the 9p21 gene cluster. The frequent inactivation of the p14ARF and p16INK4a genes may be an important mechanism for the dysfunction of both the Rb and p53 growth regulation pathways during ESCC development.
HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: II. ENERGY METABOLISM IN LEUKOCYTES (1972)

This study was initiated to determine if there was a unique pattern for certain cell energy functions in leukocytes of mothers and their small for gestational age (IUM) infants at the time of birth. Further, the study attempted to determine if these patterns of cell energy functions were similar to those found in infants with severe postnatal protein-calorie malnutrition. In leukocytes, the protein/DNA ratio (cell size) was larger in the IUM infants (cord blood) and their mothers than in those of the full-term (FT) and premature (AGA) groups. The contents of ATP, total adenine nucleotides, pyruvic kinase (PK), and adenylate kinase (AK) in leukocytes of IUM infants were significantly lower than those of the ACA and FT infants. The energy charge of the adenylate system was calculated from the content of adenine nucleotides (ATP + ½ ADP) ÷ (ATP + ADP + AMP). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. A new parameter of cellular energy metabolism was suggested, based on the functional relationship between ATP and ADP which can be partially regulated by AK. Tentatively, this relationship is called the "energy capacity" and is quantified as (ATP + ½ ADP) x AK. The energy capacity in leukocytes of the IUM infants and their mothers was significantly lower than that of the FT and AGA infants and their mothers, respectively. On the whole, the altered pattern of energy metabolism in leukocytes of the IUM infants was similar to that found in young infants with severe postnatal protein-calorie malnutrition, thus adding further support to the concept that fetal growth retardation is a manifestation of malnutrition in utero. The similarity of enzyme pattern and adenine nucleotide contents between maternal and cord blood leukocytes at the time of delivery suggests some interrelation between energy metabolism in mothers and their fetuses.
A clinical comparison of two formulations of tobramycin 0.3% eyedrops in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. (2005)

Tobramycin enhanced viscosity ophthalmic solution is well tolerated and has equivalent efficacy to the established treatment regimen with a simplified posology. The formulation provides an alternative therapy for acute bacterial conjunctivitis that should improve patient compliance and satisfaction. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2005; 15: 5 4 1- 9 ).