gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Troponin T switching in the developing rat heart. (1988)

A monoclonal antibody specific for cardiac troponin T has been used to investigate troponin changes during development in the rat heart. Specificity of the antibody was determined by immunoblot analysis with purified bovine cardiac troponin. In the rat heart, immunoblot analysis shows that anticardiac troponin T reacts with a 42.5-kDa band in fetal ventricles and with a 41-kDa band in adult ventricles. The faster migrating troponin T is present in traces in the fetal heart and increases markedly during the first 2 weeks after birth, concomitantly with the progressive decrease of the slower migrating form that is no longer detectable in the adult. The pattern of reactivity of the monoclonal antibody is not modified by alkaline phosphatase pretreatment, suggesting that the antibody is not specific for a phosphorylated epitope. Conditions known to affect cardiac myosin composition, such as hypothyroidism and hypertrophy secondary to systemic hypertension, do not change the troponin T isoform profile of adult rat ventricles. The expression and accumulation of the adult isoforms of troponin T are not suppressed by propylthiouracil treatment of pregnant and nursing rats.
Quantification of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Produced by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In Vitro and in the Rhizosphere of Wheat (1997)

The broad-spectrum antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) is a major determinant in the biological control of a wide range of plant diseases by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. A protocol was developed to readily isolate and quantify Phl from broth and agar cultures and from the rhizosphere environment of plants. Extraction with ethyl acetate at an acidic pH was suitable for both in vitro and in situ sources of Phl. For soil samples, the addition of an initial extraction step with 80% acetone at an acidic pH was highly effective in eliminating polar organic soil components, such as humic and fulvic acids, which can interfere with Phl detection by high-performance liquid chromotography. The efficiency of Phl recovery from soil by a single extraction averaged 54.6%, and a second extraction added another 6.1%. These yields were substantially greater than those achieved by several standard protocols commonly used to extract polar phenolic compounds from soil. For the first time Phl was isolated from the rhizosphere environment in raw soil. Following application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 and the Phl-overproducing strain Q2-87(pPHL5122) to the seeds of wheat, 2.1 and 2.4 (mu)g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Ritzville silt loam; 0.47 and 1.3 (mu)g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Shano silt loam. However, when the amount of Phl was calculated on the basis of cell density, Q2-87(pPHL5122) produced seven and six times more antibiotic than Q2-87 in Ritzville silt loam, and Shano silt loam, respectively.
OVERVIEW ON CHEMICAL OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 1 (2013)

Many industrial activities utilize organic compounds as a key chemical in organic synthesis of special chemicals such as, synthetic resins, paper products, medicinal products, drugs, dying and others. Different chemical processes, most of them based in oxidation-reduction reactions, are being applied. Processes such as chlorination, ozonation, UV irradiation, electrochemical treatments and processes based in OH. radical attack have been investigated looking for the the best effectiveness to eliminate these toxic soluble substances. Most of these treatments have proved worthy in this field, achieving good results in the destruction pollutants. Also must of these researches in this field have been focused in the mineralization of pollutants. Due to the increasing interest in developing alternative methods for improving the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants, advanced chemical oxidation technologies (AOTs), was applied for destruction of some organic compounds from their aqueous solutions and from industrial wastewater containing them. This review focuses on different Oxidation technologies which can be used for destruction of organic pollutants. Advanced chemical oxidation technology applications help in the elimination of environmentally hazardous waste. This article is concerned especially with advanced chemical oxidation technologies and the application of &quot;Fenton oxidation &quot; as a practical example for this technology (AOTs) for removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Key words: Advanced chemical oxidation technologies (AOTs), Fenton reaction, Destruction of organic compounds, Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical.
Development of porous anodic films on aluminium (1992)

Abstract Development of porous anodic films on aluminium has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy of ultramicrotomed sections, with particular attention directed to the location and origin of the non-uniform thickening of the initial barrier oxide. Preparation of thin ultramicrotomed sections, less that 10 nm thick, allows new information to be obtained on the local morphology of thicker oxide regions. Based on the new refined data, and also on the recent advances in understanding of the atomic migrations proceeding during barrier oxide growth, a model is proposed to explain the observed features of porous anodic film growth on aluminium. Key features of the model are the inward and outward migration of O2- and Al3+ ions across the thickening barrier oxide with only the former contributing to film growth at the metal/film interface. Under such conditions the initial barrier oxide is associated with tensile stresses, which contribute to local cracking of the film above pre-existing ridges on the metal surface. Repair of the cracked regions gives rise to non-uniform film growth. Current is subsequently concentrated into the thin film regions between protuberance of locally thicker film which become the preferred regions for pore development.
Smooth Muscle <i>α</i> -Actin Expression in Endothelial Cells Derived from CD34 <sup>+</sup> Human Cord Blood Cells (2004)

Human fetal cord blood contains subsets of mononuclear cells with the potential to form both hematological and endothelial cells. Vascular progenitor cells, which can produce all three elements of mature blood vessels, including smooth muscle, have been identified in animals. We hypothesized that similar multipotential progenitor cells exist in humans and used the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) to identify such cells in fetal cord blood. Mononuclear cell preparations were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and CD34(+) and CD133(+) cells obtained by magnetic bead separation. Isolated cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated dishes with medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor. mRNA was extracted, and the expression of alpha-SMA and a number of endothelial cell markers (VEGFR-2, vWF, eNOS, VE-Cadhein, PECAM-1 and Tie-2) was determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR techniques. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as positive controls. Freshly isolated CD34(+) and CD133(+) cells expressed all endothelial cell markers, but did not express alpha-SMA. HUVECs expressed alpha-SMA. Following 4 weeks of culture, CD34(+) isolates produced morphologically endothelial-like cells that expressed both endothelial cell markers and alpha-SMA. CD133(+) cells failed to produce morphological endothelial-like cells but expressed a range of endothelial markers. However, they did not express alpha-SMA. Following culture in an endothelial cell-promoting environment, CD34(+), but not CD133(+), isolates produced endothelial-like cells that expressed alpha-SMA. Human fetal cord blood contains a population of cells that may differentiate toward both an endothelial and a smooth muscle phenotype in culture.
Monocaprin and tricaprin in breadmaking (1996)

The use of monocaprin and tricaprin as substitutes for shortening in breadmaking appears to be a way to produce a low-calorie bread. However, breadmaking tests have shown that tricaprin, and particularly monocaprin, interfere with dough formation and inhibit yeast fermentation. Thus, neither of the compounds will be useful for the production of low-calorie bread.
System for simultaneously measuring 6DOF geometric motion errors using a polarization maintaining fiber-coupled dual-frequency laser (2016)

A novel method for simultaneously measuring six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) geometric motion errors is proposed in this paper, and the corresponding measurement instrument is developed. Simultaneous measurement of 6DOF geometric motion errors using a polarization maintaining fiber-coupled dual-frequency laser is accomplished for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge. Dual-frequency laser beams that are orthogonally linear polarized were adopted as the measuring datum. Positioning error measurement was achieved by heterodyne interferometry, and other 5DOF geometric motion errors were obtained by fiber collimation measurement. A series of experiments was performed to verify the effectiveness of the developed instrument. The experimental results showed that the stability and accuracy of the positioning error measurement are 31.1 nm and 0.5 μm, respectively. For the straightness error measurements, the stability and resolution are 60 and 40 nm, respectively, and the maximum deviation of repeatability is ± 0.15 μm in the x direction and ± 0.1 μm in the y direction. For pitch and yaw measurements, the stabilities are 0.03″ and 0.04″, the maximum deviations of repeatability are ± 0.18″ and ± 0.24″, and the accuracies are 0.4″ and 0.35″, respectively. The stability and resolution of roll measurement are 0.29″ and 0.2″, respectively, and the accuracy is 0.6″.
Torque analysis and measurements of a permanent magnet type Eddy current brake with a Halbach magnet array based on analytical magnetic field calculations (2014)

This paper presents the torque analysis and measurements of a permanent magnet (PM) type eddy current brake (ECB) with a Halbach magnet array based on analytical magnetic field calculations. On the basis of a magnetic vector potential and using a two-dimensional (2D) polar coordinate system, the analytical solution for magnetic flux density, including the eddy current reaction is evaluated. Based on these solutions, the magnetic torque is also determined analytically. A 2D finite element analysis is employed to validate the method used. Practical issues in the analytical study of the PM type ECBs, such as the maximum braking torque, the required rotor speed, and the segment-dependent, are fully discussed. Finally, the braking torque as a function of the rotor speed is measured to verify the results of the analytical study.
Evaluation of the Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels Irradiated in JPDR (1970)

Three surveillance programs of the JPDR pressure vessel have been performed to date. From the assessment of both the shift of NDT temperature and the reduction of upper shelf energy in the pressure vessel steel due to irradiation, it was concluded that the pressure vessel could be used with safety for about ten years at equivalent full power (45 MWt) operation. A reference test was also performed on two potential steels for pressure vessel use, namely a Mn-Mo-0.4∼0.7Ni steel (A533B Class 1) and a 2 1/4Cr1Mo (A542 Class 1) steel, following the completion of the surveillance test. The latter steel was found to be much less sensitive to irradiation than the former. The weld metal and heat affected zone are somewhat more sensitive to irradiation than the base metal for the 2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel submerged arc weldment.
The Explanatory Power of Earnings for Stock Returns. (1993)

Abstract In a thorough review of market-based research on the information content of accounting earnings, Lev (1989) concludes that the explanatory value of earnings for stock returns, and therefore the usefulness of earnings disclosures, tends to be embarrassingly low. A number of nonmutually exclusive explanations have been advanced for these disappointing results, including: (1) poor specification of the estimating equation, such as a failure to allow for cross-sectional variation in the regression parameters; (2) inappropriate choice of the assumed proxy for expected earnings; (3) the availability of more timely sources of the value-relevant information in earnings statements (Beaver et al. 1980); and (4) poor informational properties (quality) of reported earnings because of biases induced by accounting measurement practices or creative "abuses" of the earnings measurement process. Lev (1989) speculated that the last of these explanations was the most likely cause of the poor statistical performance consistently found in returns-earnings research. In contrast, the present study shows that a considerable improvement in statistical performance can be achieved by working with a more general specification of the returns-earnings relation. Lev's article has resulted in serious questioning of the contribution of market-based research, but we believe that the present study provides grounds for a more positive assessment. We use a panel regression approach to examine the association between annual stock price returns and reported earnings figures of industrial companies in the United Kingdom. We combine several recent advances in market-based accounting research design to produce a specification of the relation between earnings and price changes that subsumes the following key features: 1. Contemporaneous earnings yield is included in addition to the deflated first difference in earnings that is normally included in models of the returns-earnings relation. 2. Regression parameters are allowed to vary both cross-sectionally and over time. 3. Parameter values are allowed to vary across components of earnings to accommodate differences in the degree of persistence; in particular, we model the explanatory power resulting from attempts by accountants to distinguish extraordinary and exceptional items from the other components of earnings. We introduce these features in a general model in a way that allows us to assess the incremental explanatory power of each individually as well as the joint effects of two or more combined. Each methodological improvement contributes significantly to our ability to explain security price changes, and we show that the best fit is achieved by incorporating all three features in a single general model. In moving from the standard model, which regresses a measure of abnormal returns on earnings changes, to the most general model, the adjusted A-squared increases from 0.10 to 0.38.
Towards Real-Time Information Processing of Sensor Network Data Using Computationally Efficient Multi-output Gaussian Processes (2008)

In this paper, we describe a novel, computationally efficient algorithm that facilitates the autonomous acquisition of readings from sensor networks (deciding when and which sensor to acquire readings from at any time), and which can, with minimal domain knowledge, perform a range of information processing tasks including modelling the accuracy of the sensor readings, predicting the value of missing sensor readings, and predicting how the monitored environmental variables will evolve into the future. Our motivating scenario is the need to provide situational awareness support to first responders at the scene of a large scale incident, and to this end, we describe a novel iterative formulation of a multi-output Gaussian process that can build and exploit a probabilistic model of the environmental variables being measured (including the correlations and delays that exist between them). We validate our approach using data collected from a network of weather sensors located on the south coast of England.
Circulating endothelial cell count: a reliable marker of endothelial damage in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2017)

The physio-pathologic interrelationships between endothelium and GvHD have been better elucidated and have led to definition of the entity 'endothelial GvHD' as an essential early phase prior to the clinical presentation of acute GvHD. Using the CellSearch system, we analyzed circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in 90 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients at the following time-points: T1 (pre-conditioning), T2 (pre-transplant), T3 (engraftment), T4 (onset of GvHD) and T5 (1 week after steroid treatment). Although CEC changes in allo-HSCT represent a dynamic phenomenon influenced by many variables (that is, conditioning, immunosuppressive treatments, engraftment syndrome and infections), we showed that CEC peaks were constantly seen at onset of acute GvHD and invariably returned to pre-transplant values after treatment response. Since we showed that CEC changes during allo-HSCT has rapid kinetics that may be easily missed if blood samples are drawn at pre-fixed time-points, we rather suggest an 'on demand' evaluation of CEC counts right at onset of GvHD clinical symptoms to possibly help differentiate GvHD from other non-endothelial complications. We confirm that CEC changes are a suitable biomarker to monitor endothelial damage in patients undergoing allo-transplantation and hold the potential to become a useful tool to support GvHD diagnosis (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02064972).
Diminishing Reality: Potential Benefits and Risks (2021)

Within distracting environments, it is difficult to maintain attentional focus on complex tasks. Cognitive aids can support attention by adding relevant information to the environment, such as via augmented reality (AR). However, there may be a benefit in removing elements from the environment, such as irrelevant alarms, displays, and conversations. De-emphasis of distracting elements is a type of AR called Diminished Reality (DR). Although de-emphasizing distraction may help focus on a primary task, it may also reduce situational awareness (SA) of other activities that may become relevant. In the current study, participants will assemble a medical ventilator during a simulated emergency while experiencing varying levels of DR. Participants will also be probed to assess secondary SA. We anticipate that participants will have better accuracy and completion times in the full DR conditions but their SA will suffer. Future applications include the design of future DR systems and improved training methods.
Potentiation of Transmitter Release by Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Requires Somatic Signaling (1995)

Neurotrophic factors participate in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Application of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a protein that promotes survival of motor neurons, resulted in an immediate potentiation of spontaneous and impulse-evoked transmitter release at developing neuromuscular synapses in Xenopus cell cultures. When CNTF was applied at the synapse, the onset of the potentiation was slower than that produced by application at the cell body of the presynaptic neuron. The potentiation effect was abolished when the neurite shaft was severed from the cell body. Thus, transmitter secretion from the nerve terminals is under immediate somatic control and can be regulated by CNTF.
Prevention of ultraviolet‐induced skin pigmentation (2004)

These studies have evidenced that SPF determination was not sufficient to account for the efficiency in preventing pigmentation and that UVA protection was an essential part of this prevention.
Multispectral Chiral Imaging with a Metalens (2016)

The vast majority of biologically active compounds, ranging from amino acids to essential nutrients such as glucose, possess intrinsic handedness. This in turn gives rise to chiral optical properties that provide a basis for detecting and quantifying enantio-specific concentrations of these molecules. However, traditional chiroptical spectroscopy and imaging techniques require cascading of multiple optical components in sophisticated setups. Here, we present a planar lens with an engineered dispersive response, which simultaneously forms two images with opposite helicity of an object within the same field-of-view. In this way, chiroptical properties can be probed across the visible spectrum using only the lens and a camera without the addition of polarizers or dispersive optical devices. We map the circular dichroism of the exoskeleton of a chiral beetle, Chrysina gloriosa, which is known to exhibit high reflectivity of left-circularly polarized light, with high spatial resolution limited by the numerical aperture of the planar lens. Our results demonstrate the potential of metasurfaces in realizing a compact and multifunctional device with unprecedented imaging capabilities.
Flow induction by rotary jets. (1966)

Flow induction by rotary jets is analyzed under the assumption that the flow interaction consists of a first phase with mutual isentropic deflection of steady flows in a rotor-fixed frame of reference and a second phase with constant area mixing of the two flows. The relative importance of these two phases for the over-all performance of the flow inductor depends largely on the temperature ratio of the primary and secondary gas. For a numerical example the analytical results are compared with flow induction experimental results taken at equal gas temperature.
Structural requirements for the inhibitory action of 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes on protein synthesis in eukaryotes (1977)

1. The inhibitory actions of ten trichothecene antibiotics were investigated, in reticulocyte cell-free systems synthesizing protein in vitro, by studying polyribosome profiles and kinetics of amino acid incorporation in the presence or absence of the drugs. 2. The modes of action observed were critically dependent on the drug concentrations used, but the antibiotics tested could be divided into four distinct groups, each exerting a characteristic inhibitory response. 3. The inhibitory action observed in every case was controlled by the chemical structure of the individual trichothecene and in particular was closely related to the nature of the substituent groups present on C-3, C-4, C-8 and C-15 of the molecule.
Measurement of forces between two mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions in the range 0–100 nm (1978)

The main results and conclusions of experimental measurements of the forces between molecularly smooth mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions are as follows:
Hybrid Molecular Brushes with Chitosan Backbone: Facile Synthesis and Surface Grafting (2014)

We developed a facile route toward amphiphilic hybrid molecular brushes (HMB) with chitosan backbone and concurrently grafted chains of poly(acrylamide) and polystyrene. The grafting occurs through amino groups of chitosan; no extra modification of chitosan is required. The kinetic and molecular weight characteristics of the primary molecular brush CHI-graft-PAAm are studied. The second step is grafting of PS by emulsion polymerization. The resulting HMB CHI-graft-PAAm-graft-PS form very stable emulsions. We attached the HMB on solid substrates using chitosan backbone by the "grafting to" approach. Thin films of the immobilized HMB of 3-11 nm thickness completely cover the surface. Being amphiphilic by nature, the immobilized HMB reveal the ability to adapt to the medium, which results in shifting of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance over a wide range.