gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digestive Lipases Inhibition: an <i>In vitro</i> Study (2004)

Introduction 3-D Structure of Human Pancreatic Lipase 3-D Structure of Human Gastric Lipase Methods for Lipase Inhibition Method A: Lipase/Inhibitor Pre-incubation Method B: Inhibition During Lipolysis “Pre-poisoned” Interfaces Method C Method D Inhibition of Lipases by E600 and Various Phosphonates Inhibition of PPL, HGL and RGL by Radiolabeled E600 Interfacial Binding to Tributyrin Emulsion of Native and Chemically Modified Digestive Lipases Inhibition of Lipases by Phosphonates and the 3-D Structures of Lipase-inhibitor Complexes Synthesis of New Chiral Organophosphorus Compounds Analogous to TAG The 2.46 Å Resolution Structure of the Pancreatic/Procolipase Complex Inhibited by a C11 Alkylphosphonate Crystal Structure of the Open Form of DGL in Complex with a Phosphonate Inhibitor Inhibition of Digestive Lipases by Orlistat Introduction Inhibition of Digestive Lipases by Pre-incubation with Orlistat (Method A) Inhibition of Gastric Lipases Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipases Kinetic Model Illustrating the Covalent Inhibition of HPL in the Aqueous Phase Inhibition of Digestive Lipases During Lipolysis (Method B) Inhibition of Digestive Lipases on Oil Emulsions “Poisoned” with Orlistat (Method C) Inhibition of Digestive Lipases on Oil Substrate “Poisoned” with Orlistat (Method D) Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase on Emulsion “Pre-poisoned” with Orlistat Inhibition of Gastric and Pancreatic Lipases on Mixed Films Containing Orlistat Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase on Oil Drop “Pre-poisoned” with Orlistat References
Cryopreservation of Varicella-Zoster Virions without Loss of Structural Integrity or Infectivity (1981)

Varicella-zosterer virions present in infected cells or in a cell-free state were freeze-dried without loss of structural integrity of infectivity. Generally, yields of greater than 5 log10 foci/ml (infected cells) or greater than 4 log10 PFU/ml (cell-free virus) were recovered from varicella-zoster virus-infected human melanoma cells both before and after lyophilization in phosphate-buffered media containing 0.1-1.0 M sucrose. Virus frozen in solutions lacking sugar had little or no residual infectivity after vacuum sublimation was completed. Visualization by electron microscopy demonstrated large numbers of enveloped virions in the virus preparations lyophilized in media containing sucrose; in marked contrast, virus subjected to freeze-drying in buffered solutions without sugar consisted mainly of naked nucleocapsids. Water analyses by Karl Fischer titration suggested that residual moisture retained by sugar prevented disenvelopment of the varicella-zost virion.
Tumor-Derived Vaccines Containing CD200 Inhibit Immune Activation: Implications for Immunotherapy (2016)

There are over 400 ongoing clinical trials using tumor-derived vaccines. This approach is especially attractive for many types of brain tumors, including glioblastoma, yet so far the clinical response is highly variable. One contributor to poor response is CD200, which acts as a checkpoint blockade, inducing immune tolerance. We demonstrate that, in response to vaccination, glioma-derived CD200 suppresses the anti-tumor immune response. In contrast, a CD200 peptide inhibitor that activates antigen-presenting cells overcomes immune tolerance. The addition of the CD200 inhibitor significantly increased leukocyte infiltration into the vaccine site, cytokine and chemokine production, and cytolytic activity. Our data therefore suggest that CD200 suppresses the immune system's response to vaccines, and that blocking CD200 could improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Software Design Patterns for Information Visualization (2006)

Despite a diversity of software architectures supporting information visualization, it is often difficult to identify, evaluate, and re-apply the design solutions implemented within such frameworks. One popular and effective approach for addressing such difficulties is to capture successful solutions in design patterns, abstract descriptions of interacting software components that can be customized to solve design problems within a particular context. Based upon a review of existing frameworks and our own experiences building visualization software, we present a series of design patterns for the domain of information visualization. We discuss the structure, context of use, and interrelations of patterns spanning data representation, graphics, and interaction. By representing design knowledge in a reusable form, these patterns can be used to facilitate software design, implementation, and evaluation, and improve developer education and communication.
Aggregation Studies of the Water-Soluble Gadofullerene Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent:  [Gd@C<sub>82</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>16</sub>(NHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH)<sub>8</sub>]<i><sub>x</sub></i> (2006)

The aggregation behavior of the newly synthesized gadofullerene magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, i.e., Gd@C(82)O(6)(OH)(16)(NHCH(2)CH(2)COOH)(8) (abbreviated as AAD-EMF), was studied in detail by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy. It was revealed that the AAD-EMF aggregation in aqueous solution is pH-dependent. At pH 2, the AAD-EMF first self-assemble to form ca. 30 nm small clusters, and then dozens of the small clusters further aggregate to form large grapelike particles. At pH 7, the aggregates are also ca. 30 nm small clusters, but they are hard to further aggregate except for forming some cluster dimers or trimers, so AAD-EMF aggregates have a narrow size distribution by this time. At pH 9, the AAD-EMF aggregations cover a large range of continuous hydrodynamic diameters from 30 to 2000 nm. On the basis of the above observations, the aggregating mechanism of AAD-EMF under different pH values was proposed by concurrently considering the hydrogen-bonding effect and the dipolar interactions between AAD-EMF.
High birefringence and high resistivity isothiocyanate‐based nematic liquid crystal mixtures (2005)

The molecular structures and physical properties of several single‐ and double‐fluorinated isothiocyanatotolane, isothiocyanatocyclohexyltolane, and isothiocyanatoterphenyl compounds are reported. Two eutectic mixtures comprising these compounds are formulated and their properties evaluated. These mixtures exhibit a high birefringence, relatively low viscosity, high resistivity, and good photo and thermal stabilities. Potential applications of these mixtures for spatial light modulators, optical phased arrays, and high speed photonics are discussed.
Jatropha Curcas L., A Multipurpose Stress Resistant Plant with a Potential for Ethnomedicine and Renewable Energy (2008)

Jatropha curcas is a stress--resistant perennial plant growing on marginal soils. This plant is widespread throughout arid and semiarid tropical regions of the world and has been used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries. J.curcas is a source of several secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. The leaf, fruits, latex and bark contain glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, flavonoids and steroidal sapogenins that exhibit wide ranging medicinal properties. The plant products exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. The paper highlights the ability of various metabolites present in the plant to act as therapeutic agents and plant protectants. The plant is designated as an energy plant and use of J.curcas oil as biodiesel is a promising and commercially viable alternative to diesel oil. The seeds of the plant are not only a source of biodiesel but also contain several metabolites of pharmaceutical importance. Commercial exploitation for biopharmaceuticals and bio-energy production are some of the prospective future potential of this plant. Further reclamation of wastelands and dry lands is also possible with J.curcas cultivation.
Phenotypic Suppression of the Gibberellin-Insensitive Mutant (gai) of Arabidopsis (1995)

The semidominant gibberellin-insensitive (gai) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows impairment in multiple responses to the plant hormone gibberellin A3, which include effects on seed germination, stem elongation, apical dominance, and rapid flowering in short days. Results presented here show that the gai mutation also interferes with development of fertile flowers in continuous light. Mu-tagenesis of the gai mutant resulted in recovery of 17 independent mutants in which the gibberellin-insensitive phenotype is partially or completely suppressed. Sixteen of the suppressor mutations act semidominantly to restore gibberellin responsiveness. One representative of this class, the gar1 mutation, could not be genetically separated from the gai locus and is proposed to cause inactivation of the gai gene. The exceptional gar2 mutation partially suppresses the gai phenotype, is completely dominant, and is not linked to the gai locus. The gar2 mutation may define a new gene involved in gibberellin signaling. A recessive allele of the spindly (SPY) locus, spy-5, was also found to partially suppress the gai mutant phenotype.
New technology for thermal processing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (2007)

AbstractAbstractThermal processing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been a big challenge worldwide because its melting point is very close to its decomposition temperature. Based on intermolecular complexation and plasticisation, an amido containing compound (Ac), which has a complementary structure to PVA, together with water, were adopted to improve thermal processing of PVA. The results show that water and Ac can control the supramolecular structure of PVA, confine its crystallisation, decrease its melting point, thus obtain the thermal processing window for PVA. In this way, melt spinning of PVA fibres, extrusion blowing of PVA films and extrusion blowing moulding of PVA containers are realised. Then PVA high performance fibres with tensile strength over 1·9 GPa, PVA blown films with good mechanical properties and transparency, and PVA containers with good gasoline barrier properties and thermal resistance are obtained. Compared with the traditional wet processing of PVA solution, the thermal processing technology adopted for modified PVA is much more simple, effective and cost saving. More encouragingly, the PVA container with excellent chemical resistance and physical properties will open a new application field for PVA.Keywords: PVAINTERMOLECULAR COMPLEXATIONPLASTICISATIONTHERMAL PROCESSING
Management of Health Information Technology in Indian Hospitals (2012)

As more and more Indian hospitals have started looking at and implementing health information technology (HIT) solutions for the future, a need to understand the issues in management of HIT is strongly felt. This study aims to understand the elements in making HIT a success in Indian hospitals. A focus group discussion was carried out with 10 administrators from three super-specialty hospitals in Karnataka, India, during the first week of May 2008. The discussion was moderated by the author herself. They were asked to list out elements for success of HIT in Indian hospitals. Their answers were grouped together into specific headings and then importance of each element was further discussed to understand their viewpoint better. A final question on the reason for slow HIT implementation in Indian healthcare industry was also asked. The administrators listed importance of leadership, human resource accounting, management of scarce resources, communication and involvement of all stakeholders, continuous availability of fund throughout HIT project, abiding by national and organizational rules and policies, mechanism for proper feed forward policy instead of just feedback, and regular evaluation as the elements needed for success of HIT in Indian hospitals. Not fully understanding the value of investment in health information technology was quoted as the reason for slow HIT implementation in Indian healthcare industry. The administrators of Indian hospitals were of the opinion that a proactive leadership involving all stakeholders with effective technical and financial policies in place would eventually succeed in implementing HIT.
Applying forensic techniques to interpret cranial fracture patterns in an archaeological specimen (1996)

This paper presents some of the basic principles of bone fracture physics and outlines characteristics used by forensic anthropologists to distinguish gunshot trauma from blunt trauma. The fracture pattern of a cranium from a historic cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee provides an example of how the mechanism of trauma could be misinterpreted. The pattern of the perimortem fractures is indicative of gunshot trauma with a bullet entering one side of the vault and impacting the opposite side. Identification of radiating fractures, concentric heaving fractures, and observation of the direction of bevel on the fractured surfaces are essential for interpretation of the mechanism that produced the injury.
Cross-Coupled Adaptive Feedrate Control for Multiaxis Machine Tools (1991)

Cross-coupled controllers have been proposed for improving contouring accuracy of multiaxis machine tools. However, during cross-coupled motion control, increasing contour feedrate may result in larger contour errors. In order to increase feedrate and hence productivity without sacrificing the contouring performance, this paper presents an adapative feedrate control strategy based on a linear perturbed model. The method effectively closes the feedback loop between the contour error and feedrate. An experimental biaxial control system is constructed to implement the proposed strategy. Both computer simulation and experiments have verified that desired contouring accuracy can be achieved.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1992)

Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a leading cause of diarrhea among infants in developing countries. These bacteria spread via fecal–oral transmission and colonize the small intestine. Typical EPEC differs from atypical strains in that they possess the bfp operon and generate a type IV-B class of fimbriae known as the bundle-forming pilus (BFP). EPEC uses BFP to attach to intestinal epithelium. Upon attachment, EPEC translocates effector proteins into the host cell via a type 3 secretion system, which is encoded on a pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement. Translocated effectors modulate the host response in a number of ways, including subversion of immune responses and hijacking of the cytoskeletal system. By inducing actin rearrangement, EPEC causes the formation of actin pedestals onto which it sits, and leads to the effacement of microvilli, giving this bacterium a characteristic attaching and effacing phenotype. EPEC infections are typically self-limiting, with rehydration therapy constituting primary treatment, but they can be protracted and lethal. Breastfeeding provides a great protective effect, validating the use of a vaccine to induce a humoral response in mother or child as a potential means of preventative action. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on EPEC pathogenesis and host cell responses and summarizes the current detection and treatment options available.
Isolation and mapping of karyopherin α3 (KPNA3), a human gene that is highly homologous to genes encoding <i>Xenopus</i> importin, yeast SRP1 and human RCH1 (1997)

From a human fetal-brain cDNA library, we isolated and characterized a novel gene (KPNA3) encoding a protein highly homologous to certain nuclear transport proteins of Xenopus and human. The complete cDNA clone, designated karyopherin alpha 3, contained an open reading frame of 1,563 nucleotides encoding 521 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence showed 48%, 45% and 48% identity with Xenopus importin, yeast SRP1 and human RCH1, respectively. The similarities among these proteins suggest that karyopherin alpha 3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system. Eight repeats of the arm motif were well conserved among these proteins. The N-terminal region of the predicted karyopherin alpha 3 product was highly basic and the C-terminal region was strongly acidic. A 4.3-kb transcript was expressed in all adult human tissues examined by Northern blotting. The cDNA clone was assigned to chromosome band 13q14.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Properties and Mutation Analysis of the CelK Cellulose-Binding Domain from the <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> Cellulosome (2001)

The family IV cellulose-binding domain of Clostridium thermocellum CelK (CBD(CelK)) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. It binds to acid-swollen cellulose (ASC) and bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) with capacities of 16.03 and 3.95 micromol/g of cellulose and relative affinities (K(r)) of 2.33 and 9.87 liters/g, respectively. The CBD(CelK) is the first representative of family IV CBDs to exhibit an affinity for BMCC. The CBD(CelK) also binds to the soluble polysaccharides lichenin, glucomannan, and barley beta-glucan, which are substrates for CelK. It does not bind to xylan, galactomannan, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The CBD(CelK) contains 1 mol of calcium per mol. The CBD(CelK) has three thiol groups and one disulfide, reduction of which results in total loss of cellulose-binding ability. To reveal amino acid residues important for biological function of the domain and to investigate the role of calcium in the CBD(CelK) four highly conserved aromatic residues (Trp(56), Trp(94), Tyr(111), and Tyr(136)) and Asp(192) were mutated into alanines, giving the mutants W56A, W94A, Y111A, Y136A, and D192A. In addition 14 N-terminal amino acids were deleted, giving the CBD-N(CelK). The CBD-N(CelK) and D192A retained binding parameters close to that of the intact CBD(CelK), W56A and W94A totally lost the ability to bind to cellulose, Y136A bound to both ASC and BMCC but with significantly reduced binding capacity and K(r) and Y111A bound weakly to ASC and did not bind to BMCC. Mutations of the aromatic residues in the CBD(CelK) led to structural changes revealed by studying solubility, circular-dichroism spectra, dimer formation, and aggregation. Calcium content was drastically decreased in D192A. The results suggest that Asp192 is in the calcium-binding site of the CBD(CelK) and that calcium does not affect binding to cellulose. The 14 amino acids from the N terminus of the CBD(CelK) are not important for binding. Tyr136, corresponding to Cellulomonas fimi CenC CBD(N1) Y85, located near the binding cleft, might be involved in the formation of the binding surface, while Y111, W56A, and W94A are essential for the binding process by keeping the CBD(CelK) correctly folded.
On Dimensionality Reduction for Classification and its Application (2006)

In this paper, we evaluate the contribution of the classification constrained dimensionality reduction (CCDR) algorithm to the performance of several classifiers. We present an extension to previously introduced CCDR algorithm to multiple hypotheses. We investigate classification performance using the CCDR algorithm on hyperspectral satellite imagery data. We demonstrate the performance gain for both local and global classifiers and demonstrate a 10% improvement of the k-nearest neighbors algorithm performance. We present a connection between intrinsic dimension estimation and the optimal embedding dimension obtained using the CCDR algorithm
Absolute tracer dye concentration using airborne laser-induced water Raman backscatter (1981)

Reported here for the first time is the use of simultaneous airborne laser-induced dye fluorescence and the 3400-cm(-1) OH-stretch water Raman backscatter spectra to yield the absolute concentration of an ocean-dispersed tracer dye. Using a straightforward theoretical model, the concentration is calculated by numerically comparing the airborne laser-induced fluorescence and Raman backscatter spectra to similar laboratory data for a known dye concentration measured under comparable environmental and instrumental conditions. The dye is assumed to be uniformly mixed throughout the water column together with other interfering, fluorescent, organic matter. A minimum detectable integrated water column dye concentration of approximately 2 ppb by weight as limited by background and instrument noise is obtained. A dye concentration contour map produced from the conical scan lidar data is given.
Trends of assembly technology. (1988)

The assembly technology is one of the key technologies for developing the electronics industry in the 21st century. The electronic devices and equipments are becoming ever smaller and thinner, and the added values for these are governed by the method of LSI chip assembly.In the field of semiconductor assembly technology, the new Micro-Bump Bonding and the Transferred-Bump TAB Assembly Technologies which are quite revolutional and superior comparing to the conventional assembling technology eliminating excessive processes and materials and requiring only the essential and simple processes and constructions, were developed.
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition in Human Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells—Renoprotection in Diabetic Nephropathy? (2013)

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic agents used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus. SGLT2 inhibitors block reabsorption of filtered glucose by inhibiting SGLT2, the primary glucose transporter in the proximal tubular cell (PTC), leading to glycosuria and lowering of serum glucose. We examined the renoprotective effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin to determine whether blocking glucose entry into the kidney PTCs reduced the inflammatory and fibrotic responses of the cell to high glucose. We used an in vitro model of human PTCs. HK2 cells (human kidney PTC line) were exposed to control 5 mM, high glucose (HG) 30 mM or the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1; 0.5 ng/ml) in the presence and absence of empagliflozin for up to 72 h. SGLT1 and 2 expression and various inflammatory/fibrotic markers were assessed. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the binding of phosphorylated smad3 to the promoter region of the SGLT2 gene. Our data showed that TGFβ1 but not HG increased SGLT2 expression and this occurred via phosphorylated smad3. HG induced expression of Toll-like receptor-4, increased nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid binding for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1, induced collagen IV expression as well as interleukin-6 secretion all of which were attenuated with empagliflozin. Empagliflozin did not reduce high mobility group box protein 1 induced NF-κB suggesting that its effect is specifically related to a reduction in glycotoxicity. SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression was not significantly altered with HG or empagliflozin. In conclusion, empagliflozin reduces HG induced inflammatory and fibrotic markers by blocking glucose transport and did not induce a compensatory increase in SGLT1/GLUT2 expression. Although HG itself does not regulate SGLT2 expression in our model, TGFβ increases SGLT2 expression through phosphorylated smad3.
Mcl‐1; the molecular regulation of protein function (2010)

Apoptosis, an essential and basic biological phenomenon, is regulated in a complex manner by a multitude of factors. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of apoptosis-regulating proteins, exemplifies a number of the mechanisms by which a protein's contribution to cell fate may be modified. The N-terminus of Mcl-1 is unique amongst the Bcl-2 family, in that it is rich in experimentally confirmed and putative regulatory residues and motifs. These include sites for ubiquitination, cleavage and phosphorylation, which influence the protein's stability, localisation, dimerization and function. Here we review what is known about the regulation of Mcl-1 expression and function, with particular focus on post-translational modifications and how phosphorylation interconnects the complex molecular control of Mcl-1 with cellular state.