gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of the proliferation inhibitor everolimus (2002)

Everolimus (Certican) is being developed for prevention of acute and chronic rejection of solid organ transplants. A novel proliferation inhibitor, everolimus synergies with cyclosporine to prevent and reverse acute rejection in preclinical models of kidney, heart or lung transplantation. The manifestations of chronic rejection that may contribute to graft loss are also inhibited by everolimus in preclinical models. Although everolimus is metabolised by the cytochrome P450 CYP3A isoenzyme, coadministration with cyclosporine does not alter the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine, but cyclosporine coadministration increases exposure to everolimus. Everolimus interacts with inhibitors and inducers of this system; its clearance is reduced in patients with hepatic impairment. In an immunosuppressive regimen with cyclosporine microemulsion formulation and corticosteroids, transplant recipients treated with everolimus show low rates of acute rejection and, in one heart and one renal trial, lower rates of cytomegalovirus infection. Acute rejection rates are lower than those seen with azathioprine in cardiac transplant recipients and similar to those seen with mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients. Low rates of acute rejection are maintained when everolimus is given as part of a quadruple immunosuppressive regimen with low-dose cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients, with the added benefit of better renal function compared with full-dose cyclosporine. Use of C(2) monitoring to optimise cyclosporine exposure and enhance efficacy and safety of everolimus is planned in future studies. Hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia have been associated with everolimus, but these effects are not dose-limiting. There is no clear upper therapeutic limit of everolimus. However, thrombocytopenia occurs at a rate of 17% at everolimus trough serum concentrations above 7.8 ng/ml in renal transplant recipients. There are limited safety data available in patients with trough concentrations > 12 ng/ml. Studies suggest everolimus targets primary causes of chronic rejection by reducing acute rejection, allowing for cyclosporine dose reduction (which may lead to improved renal function relative to full-dose cyclosporine) and by reducing cytomegalovirus infection and inhibiting vascular remodelling.
iPod & iTunes: The Missing Manual, Fourth Edition (2006)

When Apple introduced the iPod in 2001, CEO Steve Jobs declared, listening to music will never be the same again. He was right on the money. The iPod grabbed attention right away, and by the end of 2005, more than 41 million of them had sold. iPod is the dominant digital music player on the market, and for the first time, Apple gets to feel like Microsoft. iPod steadily evolved through five generations since then, and today the dynasty ranges from a screenless 512-megabyte version that can hold plenty of songs for your gym routine to a 60-gigabyte multimedia jukebox that can spin out an entire season of Desperate Housewives, along with thousands of color photos and all that colorful music.An iPod is many things to many people, but it can be much more than most people realize. That's where iPod & iTunes: The Missing Manual comes in. Like the device itself, this book is a long-running bestseller, now in its fourth edition. What makes it so popular is the wealth of useful information it brings to anyone who breaks open iPod's distinctive packaging-especially since Apple doesn't supply a manual of its own.Once again, we've updated this guide to fully explain the ins and outs of iPod, including the nano, the shuffle, and all the latest features and uses, such as:The 5th generation Video iPod, which can hold 15,000 songs, 25,000 photos, and 150 hours of videoiTunes 6, where you can buy tunes, subscribe to Podcasts, tune into internet radio, download videos, build playlists, and moreGoing beyond the music to use iPod as an external drive, an eBook, a personal organizer, a GameBoy, and a slide projectorExtreme iPodding with shareware and AppleScripts, using an iPod with external speakers (including the car stereo), accessories, and troubleshootingIt's been five years since iPod hit the scene, but, clearly, the evolution has only just begun. iPod & iTunes: The Missing Manual gives you everything you need to evolve with it.
Multiple-wavelength MBE-regrown vertical-cavity laser arrays integrated with refractive microlenses for optical interconnections (2002)

An array of 7 multiple-wavelength MBE-regrown InGaAs QW VCSELs with 15 nm span and 30 /spl mu/m pitch is monolithically integrated with a refractive GaAs microlens on the back surface. The lens collimates individual beams to a divergence half angle <1.5/spl deg/ and separates them by /spl sim/5.
Adaptive Hardware Real-Time Task Scheduler of Multi-Core ATPA Environment (2009)

In most real time multi-task systems, scheduling is handled by the operating systems. The overhead of task management is significant in such systems. And also, strict isolation of the real time tasks can hardly be provided. A hardware scheduler is proposed to address the above problems. Different from previous work, the proposed scheduler was embedded into the processor. A monitor-and-tuner unit was used to measure and record the efficiency of every two-tuple of a task and a processor core. The tasks will be adaptively assigned to the most efficient core. The hardware scheduler can reduce the overhead of task management in the experiments. In the prototype multi-core application-turned processor architecture (ATPA) system, it helped to exploit the utilization of each application specific core and increase the total performance.
Cytoplasmic IRE1α-mediated XBP1 mRNA Splicing in the Absence of Nuclear Processing and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2006)

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates an intracellular signal transduction program termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammalian cells, the UPR is signaled in part through dimerization of ER membrane-localized IRE1alpha to activate its protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities. Activated IRE1alpha cleaves XBP1 mRNA at two sites to initiate an unconventional splicing reaction. The 5' and 3' fragments are subsequently joined by an RNA ligase activity, thereby removing a 26-base intron. This splicing reaction creates a translational frameshift to produce a functional XBP1 transcription factor. However, the cellular location and physiological processes required for splicing of XBP1 mRNA are not well characterized. To study these processes, XBP1 mRNAs were engineered in which translation of enhanced green fluorescence protein or luciferase required splicing of the XBP1 intron. Using cell lines that continuously or transiently express these reporter constructs, we show that cytoplasmic unspliced XBP1 mRNA is efficiently spliced by activated IRE1alpha and requires ongoing cellular transcription but not active translation. The XBP1 intron was effectively removed from RNA substrates transcribed from T7 RNA polymerase or delivered directly to the cytoplasm by RNA transfection, thus indicating that the splicing reaction does not require nuclear processing of the RNA substrate. Analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractions demonstrated that XBP1 mRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm. Moreover, an artificial F(v)-IRE1alphaDeltaN was engineered that was able to splice XBP1 mRNA upon chemical-induced dimerization. These findings demonstrate that IRE1alpha dimerization is sufficient to activate XBP1 mRNA splicing in the absence of the UPR. We propose that XBP1 mRNA cytoplasmic splicing provides a novel mechanism to rapidly induce translation of a transcription factor in response to a specific stimulus.
Adenosine and adenosine analogues are more toxic to chronic lymphocytic leukemia than to normal lymphocytes (1983)

We compared the effect of adenosine and adenosine analogues on the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative response of blood lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As measured by the inhibition of thymidine or leucine incorporation, adenosine was more toxic to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) than to normal lymphocytes. This difference was not affected by the removal of adherent cells. The patients' B lymphocytes were more susceptible to adenosine toxicity than normal B lymphocytes. Similar responses were noted in T lymphocytes from both sources. Differential susceptibility was also observed with deoxyadenosine and adenosine analogues, including 5′deoxyadenosine. Uridine rescue from adenosine toxicity was observed for normal and CLL lymphocytes. In the presence of uridine, there was no difference in the residual inhibition of CLL as compared to normal lymphocytes. Intact CLL lymphocytes metabolized 14C-adenosine at a much lower rate than normal lymphocytes. While it appears that the greater toxicity of adenosine to CLL lymphocytes reflects the impaired catabolism of this nucleoside by these cells, evidence is presented that this is not the only mechanism underlying the differential susceptibility. These results may serve as the basis for further pharmacologic investigations of adenosine and adenosine deaminase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
[The clinico-immunological aspects of dental implantology]. (1992)

Analyzes the clinical and immunologic data evidencing that implantation, as a rule, induces immunologic shifts in patient's body. Traces the direct relationship between the frequency and severity of complications and the type of the patient's immune response to implantation, the intensity of this response being directly related to the implantation material and volume. Basing on the relationship between the clinical and immunologic data, recommends examination of the patients' immune status for the prediction of the results of the surgical stage of dental implantation and for the assessment of new implantation material intended for introduction into practical dentistry.
Comparative Study of Membrane Humidifier and Enthalpy Wheel Humidifier for Large Power Fuel Cell System (2008)

The performance of membrane humidifier (MH) and enthalpy wheel humidifier (EWH) for a large power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is compared using simulations and experiments. The MH model is based on one dimensional diffusion equation and the EWH model is based on the porous media surface diffusion equation. Simulation results agree well with experimental data. According to the results, the effect of intake air temperature has a lower effect on the MH performance than it does on the EWH performance while the air mass flow has a much higher effect on the MH performance than it does on the EWH performance. MH performs better than EWH at a low flow rate but worse at a high flow rate. Vapor transfer mechanism in the humidifiers is also studied.
Semiquinone anion radicals formed by the reaction of quinones with glutathione or amino acids (1986)

Using ESR spectroscopy, we show that benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone react readily with thiol containing compounds, such as glutathione, to form their respective semiquinone anion radicals. These quinones react similarly, but less readily, with the amino group of amino acids. The therapeutic or toxicological significance of the formation of semiquinone anion radicals from the reaction of quinones with nucleophiles, such as thiols and amines, remains to be assessed.
Initiation and dynamics of a spiral wave around an ionic heterogeneity in a model for human cardiac tissue (2013)

In relation to cardiac arrhythmias, heterogeneity of cardiac tissue is one of the most important factors underlying the onset of spiral waves and determining their type. In this paper, we numerically model heterogeneity of realistic size and value and study formation and dynamics of spiral waves around such heterogeneity. We find that the only sustained pattern obtained is a single spiral wave anchored around the heterogeneity. Dynamics of an anchored spiral wave depend on the extent of heterogeneity, and for certain heterogeneity size, we find abrupt regional increase in the period of excitation occurring as a bifurcation. We study factors determining spatial distribution of excitation periods of anchored spiral waves and discuss consequences of such dynamics for cardiac arrhythmias and possibilities for experimental testings of our predictions.
Metabolism of Administered 3-Methylhistidine (1972)

Abstract The metabolism of l-3-methylhistidine was studied in the rat using 3-[G-3H]methylhistidine and 3-[methyl-14C] methylhistidine. The charging of skeletal muscle tRNA was examined in vitro using a pH 5 enzyme fraction, tRNA, and a mixed aminoacyl ligase preparation or an unresolved homogenate. With these systems, radioactivity from labeled leucine and histidine was transferred to tRNA in a form labile to incubation in alkaline buffers. No significant amount of radioactivity was present in the tRNA fraction when labeled 3-methylhistidine was studied under these conditions. In vivo administration of labeled 3-methyl-histidine also failed to show charging of tRNA obtained either from the pH 5 enzyme fraction of muscle or tRNA resolved from the total RNA of skeletal muscle by chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Orally or parenterally administered 3-[Me-14C]methylhistidine was quantitatively recovered in urine and feces. The urine contained unchanged 3-methylhistidine together with a metabolite identified by means of infrared and mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance and by chromatography as N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine. The proportion of the total urinary radioactivity recovered as this metabolite rose progressively from 40% in rats weighing 50 g to 90% in animals weighing over 250 g. The relative distribution of radioactivity in these two urinary compounds did not change when increasing doses of exogenous 3-methylhistidine were given to mature rats. These findings are discussed in relation to protein turnover in skeletal muscle.
Generational Differences in Attitudes Toward Abortion (1993)

Although scholars who focus on generational change generally portray the youngest cohorts as most liberal, this need not be so. Evidence is provided that among whites but not blacks, those who reached adulthood after the 1960s are less supportive of legal abortion than those who came of age during that decade. The decline in support for legal abortion is statistically significant after multivariate controls for demographic variables, religious and moral attitudes, attitudes toward gender roles, and general ideology and partisanship. Explanations for this result are tested.
New liquid‐crystal alignment agents based on fluorinated polyimides with trifluoromethyl‐substituted benzene or diphenylether in the side chain (2002)

Abstract Fluorinated copolyimides derived from 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) with 4,4′‐oxydianline (ODA) and trifluoromethyl‐containing aromatic diamines have been synthesized and characterized. The trifluoromethyl‐containing diamines include 2,4‐diamino‐3′‐trifluoromethylazobenzene, 2,4‐diamino‐1‐[(4′‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl] aniline, 3,5‐diamino‐1‐[(4′‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl] benzamide, 3,5‐diamino‐1‐[(3′‐trifluoromethyl) phenyl] benzamide, 1,4‐bis(4′‐aminophenoxy)‐2‐(3′‐trifluoromethylphenyl) benzene, 3,5‐diaminobenzenetrifluoride, 4,4′‐diamino‐4″‐( p ‐trifluoromethyl phenoxy) triphenylamine, and 4‐[(4′‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl]‐2,6‐bis(4″‐aminophenyl)pyridine. Strong and flexible copolyimide films, produced by casting the polyamic acid solution followed by thermal imidization, exhibited great thermal stability and high mechanical properties. The polyimides had an ultraviolet–visible absorption cutoff at 330–340 nm and pretilt angles as high as 20° for nematic liquid crystals, making them great potential candidates for advanced liquid‐crystal display applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1583–1593, 2002
Optical coupling from fibers to channel waveguides formed on silicon (1978)

Direct coupling of light from fibers supported in preferentially etched grooves on a silicon surface to channel waveguides formed in the same grooves is demonstrated. Criteria are presented for choosing a groove geometry that matches the center of the fiber to the center of the waveguide and thereby yielding optimum coupling. Channel waveguide tapering and integration of detectors into the channel waveguide termination are demonstrated. A general configuration allowing CCD time multiplexing is introduced.
Potentiation of gemcitabine by Turmeric Force™ in pancreatic cancer cell lines (2010)

Gemcitabine is a first line cancer drug widely used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, its therapeutic efficiency is significantly limited by resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to this and other chemotherapeutic drugs. We have investigated the cytotoxic effect of Turmeric Force (TF), a supercritical and hydroethanolic extract of turmeric, alone and in combination with gemcitabine in two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (BxPC3 and Panc-1). TF is highly cytotoxic to BxPC3 and Panc-1 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.0 and 1.22 microg/ml, respectively with superior cytotoxicity than curcumin. Gemcitabine IC50 value for both of these cell line is 0.03 microg/ml; however, 30-48% of the pancreatic cancer cells are resistant to gemcitabine even at concentrations >100 microg/ml. In comparison, TF induced cell death in 96% of the cells at 50 microg/ml. The combination of gemcitabine and TF was synergistic with IC90 levels achieved in both pancreatic cancer cell lines at lower concentrations. CalcuSyn analysis of cytotoxicity data showed that the Gemcitabine + Turmeric Force combination has strong synergism with combination index (CI) values of 0.050 and 0.183 in BxPC3 and Panc-1 lines, respectively at IC50 level. This synergistic effect is due to the increased inhibitory effect of the combination on nuclear factor-kappaB activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 expression as compared to the single agent.
Fingerprint image quality (2004)

In this report, we propose a new definition of quality of fingerprint impressions and present detailed algorithms to measure image quality for fingerprints. We define fingerprint image quality as a predictor of matcher performance before a matcher algorithm is applied. This means presenting the matcher with good quality fingerprint images will result in high matcher performance, and vice versa, the matcher will perform poorly for poor quality fingerprints. We also have carried out an objective evaluation of the quality assessment of fingerprint images. Our quality measure is implemented in the C programming language and has been tested on 20 different live scan and paper fingerprints datasets collected in different operational settings. Our implementation is publicly, but export controlled, available as part of NIST's fingerprint software distribution.
Suppression of lateral charge redistribution using advanced impurity trap memory for improving high temperature retention (2006)

For retention improvement in scaled SONOS-type nonvolatile memory, deep traps with controllable density were formed by adding metal impurities into gate oxide. We find that Ti additives create deep traps in silicon dioxide, with high electron capture efficiency Charge storage node changed from TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> floating-gate (15Aring) to nano-crystals (3Aring), and further to atomic-sized traps (0.4Aring) by decreasing Ti amount. Discrete atomic-sized traps successfully suppressed lateral charge redistribution, improving retention at 150degC
Direct dilution sampling, quantitation, and microbial assessment of open-system ventilation circuits in intensive care units (1983)

In a systematic approach, 37 duplicate samples of open system circuits (Bennett MA-1 ventilators) of patients in medical and surgical intensive care units were processed by direct and serial (APHA guidelines) dilutions. The paired difference test on 15 of the in-use circuitry solution samples indicated no difference between the direct and serial dilution methods (P less than 0.001). Seventy-seven additional respiratory therapy circuitry samples from similar intensive care patients were analyzed via a direct dilution method alone and processed microbiologically. The direct dilution procedure was a rapid and accurate means of evaluation of microbial contamination in the range of greater than or equal to 10 to less than or equal to 10(6) CFU/ml. High densities of organisms frequently were found. Sites of contamination included the proximal or patient end of the circuitry (heaviest), the nebulizer trap, and the distal or humidifier portions of the circuitry. The contaminants found were predominantly gram-negative nonfermenters: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. antitratus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophilia, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Fermenters were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus, and Enterobacter agglomerans. Infrequently, gram-positive Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were noted.
Fast Mapping and Slow Mapping in Children's Word Learning (2010)

When young children encounter a word they do not know, their guesses about what the word might mean are often surprisingly accurate. This is true not only with respect to the particular instance th...
Au(I)-Catalyzed Highly Efficient Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes (2003)

[reaction: see text] Addition of aniline derivatives to aromatic and aliphatic alkynes proceeds efficiently in the presence of a gold(I) catalyst (0.01-1.0 mol %) to afford ketimines in good yields
TOPALi: software for automatic identification of recombinant sequences within DNA multiple alignments (2004)

TOPALi is freely available from http://www.bioss.ac.uk/software.html
Examination of Guinea Pig Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Gene Reveals a Unique Decapeptide and Existence of Two Transcripts in the Brain* (1997)

We sequenced the complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding guinea pig LHRH from an expression library derived from the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus. Data from in situ hybridization and RNase protection assays verified that the cloned cDNA was complementary to guinea pig LHRH messenger RNA. The architecture of the deduced precursor resembles that of LHRH precursors identified in other species. In contrast, the predicted sequence of the decapeptide differs from mammalian LHRH by two amino acid substitutions in positions 2 and 7. This is a novel finding, because the amino acid sequence that comprises LHRH decapeptide is identical in all mammals studied to date. Moreover, the predicted substitution in amino acid position 2 is unique among vertebrates. A second observation of potential significance is the existence of two subspecies of LHRH messenger RNA differing only in the length of their 3' untranslated regions. These two transcripts were verified by sequence analysis of positive clones from the cDNA library and by RNase protection analysis of preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus extracts, and their presence is consistent with the two polyadenylation signals identified in the untranslated regions of the LHRH gene. Future studies will examine LHRH gene expression in guinea pigs, which like primates but unlike rats, have a true luteal phase as a component of their reproductive cycle.