gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Abnormalities in cough reflex]. (1991)

Enzymes degrading peptides may participate in the regulation of the cough reflex. Thus, decreases in enzyme activities may enhance cough reflex and a decrease in cough reflex may lead to aspiration pneumonia. Down- and up-regulation of cough reflex is important for the understanding of cough reflex.
Modulation of Mdm2 Expression and p53-Induced Apoptosis in Immortalized Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells (1998)

The activity of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is implicated in arrest of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. The mdm2 oncogene is transcriptionally activated by p53, and the protein products of this gene can down-modulate biochemical activities and biological effects of p53 in a cell context-dependent manner. We have established highly steroidogenic human granulosa cell lines expressing the Ha-ras oncogene and a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of p53 (p53val135) to test the involvement of p53-downstream genes in the modulation of apoptosis in these cells. We find that ras-transformed granulosa cells expressing p53val135 undergo apoptosis following a shift from 37 C to 32 C, a temperature at which p53val135 exerts its wild-type activity. Elevating the cellular content of cAMP at 32 C markedly enhances apoptosis. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) effectively blocks the p53/cAMP-induced apoptosis, but suppresses steroidogenesis. A naturally produced basement membrane-like extracellular matrix (ECM) containing immobilized bFGF exerts a similar antiapoptotic effect, but unlike soluble bFGF, it enhances steroidogenesis in these cells. While cAMP markedly suppresses the p53-induced Mdm2 expression, bFGF and ECM elevate Mdm2 expression 3–5-fold. These effects on Mdm2 expression are most pronounced 2–4 h after the shift to 32 C, before nuclear fragmentation is detected. Cells grown at 32 C in contact with ECM have a more developed actin cytoskeleton both in the absence and presence of cAMP stimulation, compared with cells grown on plastic dishes. We conclude that bFGF and components of the ECM can cross-talk with p53/cAMP-generated signals for apoptosis. These signals may, at least in part, be coordinated by the modulation of Mdm2 expression, which precedes the biochemical events characteristic of apoptosis. The multicomponent ECM also induced differentiation in these ras-transformed cells, while soluble bFGF inhibited differentiation, suggesting that ECM components other than bFGF stimulate differentiation. Organization of the actin cytoskeleton is likely to play an important role in the cross-talk between p53/cAMP- and bFGF/ECM-generated signals. Because the tumor supressor gene p53 is implicated with apoptosis of primary granulosa cells and the ECM is involved in the prevention of this process, the newly established cell lines can serve as a useful model for apoptosis in highly luteinized granulosa cells.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (2005)

The wireless arena has been experiencing exponential growth in the past decade. We have seen great advances in network infrastructures, growing availability of wireless applications, and the emergence of omnipresent wireless devices such as portable or handheld computers, PDAs, and cell phones, all getting more powerful in their capabilities. These devices are now playing an ever-increasingly important role in our lives. To mention only a few examples, mobile users can rely on their cellular phone to check e-mail and browse the Internet; travelers with portable computers can surf the internet from airports, railway stations, cafes, and other public locations; tourists can use GPS terminals installed inside rental cars to view driving maps and locate tourist attractions; files or other information can be exchanged by connecting portable computers via wireless LANs while attending conferences; and at home, a family can synchronize data and transfer files between portable devices and desktops. Not only are mobile devices getting smaller, cheaper, more convenient, and more powerful, they also run more applications and network services. All of these factors are fueling the explosive growth of the mobile computing equipment market seen today. Market reports from independent sources show that the worldwide number of cellular users has been doubling every 11⁄2 years, with the total number growing from 23 million in 1992 to 860 million in June 2002. This growth is being fueled further by the exploding number of
Infrared Thermography of Cavitation Thermal Effects in Water (2010)

Although the thermal effects of cavitation are believed to be negligible for cavitation in water, they
were successfully experimentally measured using infrared thermography. Cavitation was generated in a
small container holding about 500 ml of water. It was oscillated with ultrasonic frequencies of 42 kHz to
trigger growth and collapse of bubbles. For the temperature measurements a high-speed thermovision
camera was used. It captures light in infrared spectrum with wavelength of 3-5 μm. The frequency of
temperature field acquisition was set to 600 Hz. A silicon glass, which is transparent in the infrared light
spectrum, was attached to a cylinder and partially submerged into water. Bubbles, which tend to appear
in the vicinity of solid surface, appeared on the submerged side of the glass. The visual path for the
thermovision camera was: air – silicon glass – water. In this way, the temperatures on the submerged
side of the silicon glass where bubble growth and implosions occur could be measured. With the applied
thermographic method small but distinctive local decreases of temperature (with magnitudes up to 0.3 K),
caused by cavitation, were detected.
Silicon microring modulator for 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK metro networks in O-band (2014)

A microring-based silicon modulator operating at 40 Gb/s near 1310 nm is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. NRZ-OOK signals at 40 Gb/s with 6.2 dB extinction ratio are observed by applying a 4.8 Vpp driving voltage and biasing the modulator at 7 dB insertion loss point. The energy efficiency is 115 fJ/bit. The transmission performance of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK through 40 km of standard single mode fiber without dispersion compensation is also investigated. We show that the link suffers negligible dispersion penalty. This makes the modulator a potential candidate for metro network applications.
The DNA‐dependent protein kinase: the director at the end (2004)

Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. In higher eukaryotes, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA is the primary pathway that repairs these breaks. NHEJ also functions in developing lymphocytes to repair strand breaks that occur during V(D)J recombination, the site-specific recombination process that provides for the assembly of functional antigen-receptor genes. If V(D)J recombination is impaired, B- and T-lymphocyte development is blocked resulting in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. In the last decade, an intensive research effort has focused on NHEJ resulting in a reasonable understanding of how double-strand breaks are resolved. Six distinct gene products have been identified that function in this pathway (Ku70, Ku86, XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, Artemis, and DNA-PKcs). Three of these comprise one complex, the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). This protein complex is central during NHEJ, because DNA-PK initially recognizes and binds to the damaged DNA and then targets the other repair activities to the site of DNA damage. In this review, we discuss recent developments that have provided insight into how DNA-PK functions, once bound to DNA ends.
교질 삼투압치에 따른 중환자의 생존율에 관한 임상적 연구 (1988)

Colloid oncotic pressure (COP) plays a major role in regulating fluid exchange at the capillary membrane, and the magnitude of COP is determined by the concentration of large plasma proteins in the colloidal state. COP is also a determinant in the morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients. To assess the role of COP in these patients, clinical data including COP, age, sex, Pa2O, PaCO2, AaDO2, mean arterial pressure, length of stay in ICU, duration of mechanical ventilation and whether surgical or non-surgical treatment, were collected and analyzed from those who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Severance Hospitai from March to July, 1986. The results are as follows: 1) The mean values of COP, PaO2, PaCO2, and AaDO2, are 15.07±2.89, 108.46±51.89 and 36.14±7.27 and 123.89±120.27 mmHg. 2) COP was the highest contributing factor to a survival prognosis followed by AaDO2, age, PaCO2, and surgery. 3) The level of COP was correlated with survival rates, and for a 50% survival rate, the level of COP was 13.5 torr. The above results suggest that COP is a contributing factor to the survival of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.
Determination of phase-step errors of kinoform gratings from their diffraction efficiencies (2001)

Phase-step heights of a kinoform grating are determined from its diffraction efficiencies. The diffraction orders of the measured kinoform grating are compared with theoretical ones of the pure phase- stepped grating, and then, by a minimization procedure, the set of heights of the phase steps is found.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL REDUCTION OF DI‐TERT.‐BUTYLDIAZIRIDINONE (1973)

Abstract Aus dem Di‐tert.‐butyl‐diaziridinon (I) erhält man bei der elektrochemischen Reduktion über diskutierte Radikalanionen und Dianionen den Harnstoff (II), der auch bei der Reduktion mit Natriumnaphthalenid entsteht.
Inability of the activated partial thromboplastin time to predict heparin levels. Time to reassess guidelines for heparin assays. (1997)

The aPTT does not appear to be a useful surrogate for heparin levels. These findings suggest that the current recommendations on the use of heparin levels should be expanded.
La via legislativa all'Open Access: prospettive comparate (2014)

The aim of this paper is to offer a first overview of the new Italian law on Open Access (OA) to scientific articles (art. 4 l. 112/20013). The analysis is based on some comparative remarks and policy considerations. The main argument is that formal law can be an outstanding instrument to implement the OA principle. However, the ultimate success of OA depends on a radical change of the norms of science, as well as on economic, organizational and educational investments.
Theory and Practice in the Organic Laboratory with Microscale and Standard Scale Experiments (1993)

Tools for the organic laboratory: Emergency procedures and safe laboratory practices General laboratory procedures Examination of pure compounds Chromatography Crystallization and filtration Extraction and drying Distillation and related techniques Introduction to spectroscopy Organic structure determination Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Special laboratory procedures The organic chemical literature. Experiments.
Catalysis of Alcohol and Ether Dehydration on Gamma-Alumina (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis of Alcohol and Ether Dehydration on Gamma-AluminaH. J. Solomon, Harding Bliss, and J. B. ButtCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1967, 6, 3, 325–333Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160023a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i160023a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of sorghum genotypes for the stay-green trait and grain yield (2007)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the major cereal\ncrops in the semi-arid tropics where prolonged droughts\nare frequent. Water deficit is the major constraint to\nrainfed sorghum production worldwide. In India sorghum\nis primarily cultivated in two distinct seasons: June to\nOctober (rainy/kharif) and October to February\n(postrainy/rabi). The postrainy season crop is grown\nmostly on stored soil moisture on Vertisols over 5 million\nha of the Deccan Plateau situated between 16° and 20° N\nand 74° and 80° E. Sorghum grain yields are increasing\nduring the rainy season but have remained the same in\npostrainy season (Vidyabhushanam 1986). In postrainy\nseason sorghum, fodder quality may suffer due to\nsenescence as the crop is grown on residual moisture and\noften experiences severe terminal drought stress. Staygreen\nor non-senescence is an important trait associated\nwith drought tolerance (Rosenow 1977). It is indicated by\nmaintenance of green stems and upper leaves when water\nis limiting during grain filling. Sorghum genotypes with\nthe stay-green trait continue to fill their grains normally\neven under limited water or moisture stress conditions\n(Duncan et al. 1981, Rosenow and Clark 1981, Borrell et\nal. 2000). Delaying the onset of leaf senescence and\nreducing its rate (ie, two components of the stay-green\ntrait) offer an effective strategy for increasing grain\nproduction, fodder quality and grain crop residues\nparticularly under water limited conditions. This article\ndescribes the effect of the stay-green trait on grain yield\nof 38 sorghum stay-green genotypes.
Liquid Viscosity Measurement Using SH Wave Propagation Characteristics on Piezoelectric Ceramic Thin Plate (1992)

Liquid viscosity measurement using shear horizontal (SH) wave propagation characteristics on a piezoelectric ceramic thin plate is described. The mode conversion loss associated with the compressional component U 3 is zero, because the SH wave on the piezoelectric ceramic substrate poled along the horizontal axis has only the horizontal component U 2 , The IDT has a much larger electromechanical coupling factor for the S 0 mode SH wave than that of the SH surface acoustic wave (SAW). The metal-coated condition of the liquid-loaded surface is essential for detecting the liquid viscosity. There exists a linear relationship between the fractional phase velocity change of the S 0 mode and the square root of the liquid viscosity. The measured results on liquid viscosity using the S 0 mode SH wave devices, for some concentrations of glycerol-water solutions, are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Requirements for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery (2006)

This document presents a set of requirements for a Path Computation Element (PCE) discovery mechanism that would allow a Path Computation Client (PCC) to discover dynamically and automatically a set of PCEs along with certain information relevant for PCE selection. It is intended that solutions that specify procedures and protocols or extensions to existing protocols for such PCE discovery satisfy these requirements.
Prospects for control of emerging infectious diseases with plasmid DNA vaccines (2009)

Experiments almost 20 years ago demonstrated that injections of a sequence of DNA encoding part of a pathogen could stimulate immunity. It was soon realized that "DNA vaccination" had numerous potential advantages over conventional vaccine approaches including inherent safety and a more rapid production time. These and other attributes make DNA vaccines ideal for development against emerging pathogens. Recent advances in optimizing various aspects of DNA vaccination have accelerated this approach from concept to reality in contemporary human trials. Although not yet licensed for human use, several DNA vaccines have now been approved for animal health indications. The rapid manufacturing capabilities of DNA vaccines may be particularly important for emerging infectious diseases including the current novel H1N1 Influenza A pandemic, where pre-existing immunity is limited. Because of recent advances in DNA vaccination, this approach has the potential to be a powerful new weapon in protecting against emerging and potentially pandemic human pathogens.
The catalytic and regulatory properties of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Pyrococcus abyssi, a new deep-sea hyperthermophilic archaeobacterium (1994)

The catalytic and regulatory properties of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Pyrococcus abyssi were studied in the GE5 strain isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent located in the North-Fiji Basin in the SW Pacific Ocean. The enzyme from this hyperthermophilic archaeobacterium shows homotropic cooperative interactions between catalytic sites for the utilization of its two substrates, carbamoylphosphate and aspartate. The activity of this enzyme is subject to allosteric regulation. It is feed-back inhibited by the end-product cytidine triphosphate independently of temperature. In contrast, its sensitivity to the feed-back inhibitor uridine triphosphate and to the activator adenosine triphosphate disappears at high temperature. The unusual response of this aspartate transcarbamoylase to carbamoylphosphate analogues suggests a particular mode of binding of this substrate to the catalytic site as compared to the homologous enzymes of other organisms. Aspartate transcarbamoylase of Pyrococcus abyssi exhibits a remarkable stability towards high temperature and pressure.
<title>Is CIE L*a*b* good enough for desktop publishing?</title> (1994)

The CIELab system of color coordinates is not optimal for use in desktop publishing (DTP) systems, because it is non-uniform, not well matched to human visual dynamics, and computationally inconvenient. CIELab uses cube roots of differences of color matching functions. In complex scenes, perceived lightness varies quadratically, not cubically, with intensity. Chroma varies in a more complex way but is also not well represented by cubic polynomials. As a result, CIELab exaggerates highlights and compresses shadows. It distorts the concentric circles and radii of the Munsell chart into ellipses and curves. This makes it difficult to achieve appearance equivalence during gamut compression. Gamut compression is an essential element in working with the variety of inexpensive DTP devices. Users expect DTP operations to proceed rapidly on inexpensive equipment. This dictates heavy reliance on integer arithmetic and lookup tables. These techniques do not mesh well with the computational complexities of CIELab.
Interleukin-12 inhibits murine graft-versus-host disease (1995)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunostimulatory cytokine and an inducer of type-1 T-helper cell activity and of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell function. We report here the paradoxical observation that a single injection of 4,900 IU of recombinant murine IL-12 inhibits acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plus multiple minor antigen-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model (A/J-->B10). The protective effect was enhanced by administration of T-cell-depleted host-type BM cells, and complete donor-type lymphohematopoietic reconstitution was observed in most animals. Treatment with a protective course of IL-12 led to increased serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels as compared with those for GVHD controls at early time points, when IFN-gamma was produced predominantly by host-type natural killer cells, but led to almost complete inhibition of the later GVHD-associated increase in serum IFN-gamma levels, when IFN-gamma is produced predominantly by CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, IL-12 treatment was associated with marked alterations in the kinetics of donor T-cell expansion. Reductions in donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in the spleen on day 4 post-BMT, but a marked increase in donor CD8+ cells was observed on day 7. Unlike broadly immunosuppressive methods for inhibiting GVHD, which are associated with loss of antileukemic effects, IL-12 has the potential to mediate antileukemic effects of its own; therefore, the GVHD-inhibitory effects of IL-12 described here suggest a potential application for this cytokine in clinical BMT.
Synthesis and pharmacological properties of N-aroyl-beta-(1-indanyl)-ethylamines. (1981)

Six new N-acyl derivatives of beta-(1-indanyl)ethylamine were obtained. The most active of them, N-(m-chlorobenzoyl/-beta-1-indanyl)-ethylamine (compound 2), decreased the 5-HTP-induced head twitches in mice and the tryptamine-induced syndrome in rats, attenuated the quipazine-induced stimulation of the hindlimb flexor reflex in spinal rats, and reduced the immobility time in mice in the behavioral despair test. All these effects might be indicative of the antidepressive properties of compound 2.
Financing Open Blockchain Ecosystems: Toward Compliance and Innovation in Initial Coin Offerings (2018)

In the blockchain space, most Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) will not be true ecosystem tokens and will therefore be well suited as securities token offerings, using registration exemptions and trading through decentralized alternative trading systems. Open-source blockchain-based ecosystems may choose to rely on fundraising practices typical of start-ups and private enterprises for the pre-production phase. Once they have established some profit centers, they may choose the use of coin offerings to fund post-production phases. Most importantly, token issuers might choose to devise creative corporate forms combining nonprofit structures, which would oversee access to shared open-source resources, with for-profit structures to develop specific business or decentralized applications.
Monitoring Growth and Statistical Variation of Grow-Finish Swine (2013)

Growth of hogs at the Osborne Demonstration Farm was measured using data from Feed IntakeRecording Equipment (FIRE) performance testing stations with automatic weighing. Theeffects of starting weights and growth rates on variation in swine market weights was evaluatedusing best, average, and worst case stochastic analyses. Variation was shown to be caused bydifferences in growth rate (r = 0.698) more than by differences in initial animal weight (r =0.092.) The economic value of proper weighing and selection of market animals and reducingthe variation was also calculated. Analysis of marketing returns for a group of hogs showedquadratic reductions in return when animals are not marketed at the optimal weight. Missing theoptimal marketing for an example group by 4.5 kg per pig reduced profits by $0.29 to $0.76/headbased on market prices between $0.495/kg to $1.10/kg ($22.50/cwt to $50.00/cwt). Bettermanagement of animal weights can also add profits by increasing average market weights anddecreasing weight variation. A Taguchi quadratic loss function predicted additional profits of$0.77/head by reducing group weight variation from 7.5 kg to 2.5 kg. Predicted profit increasesfor reduced sort loss were in addition to predicted profit increases for improving average marketweight.