gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replica molding-based nanopatterning of tribocharge on elastomer with application to electrohydrodynamic nanolithography (2018)

Replica molding often induces tribocharge on elastomers. To date, this phenomenon has been studied only on untextured elastomer surfaces even though replica molding is an effective method for their nanotexturing. Here we show that on elastomer surfaces nanotextured through replica molding the induced tribocharge also becomes patterned at nanoscale in close correlation with the nanotexture. By applying Kelvin probe microscopy, electrohydrodynamic lithography, and electrostatic analysis to our model nanostructure, poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanocup arrays replicated from a polycarbonate nanocone array, we reveal that the induced tribocharge is highly localized within the nanocup, especially around its rim. Through finite element analysis, we also find that the rim sustains the strongest friction during the demolding process. From these findings, we identify the demolding-induced friction as the main factor governing the tribocharge's nanoscale distribution pattern. By incorporating the resulting annular tribocharge into electrohydrodynamic lithography, we also accomplish facile realization of nanovolcanos with 10 nm-scale craters.
Third generation gold nanoplatform optimized for radiation therapy. (2013)

We report the design and fabrication of third generation ultrasmall PEGylated gold nanoparticles based platform (AuRad<sup>™</sup>) optimized for applications in radiation therapy. The AuRad<sup>™</sup> nanoplatform has the following key features: (I) surface coating of hetero-bifunctional-PEG with amine, carboxyl, methoxy functional groups, which make this a versatile nanoplatform to conjugate various moieties like fluorophores, peptides, drugs, radiolabels; (II) size that is optimized for longer circulation, higher tumor uptake and modulated clearance; (III) high radiation enhancement. We have synthesized ultrasmall 2-3 nm gold nanoparticles, followed by attachment of hetero-bifunctional PEG and further conjugation of fluorophore AlexaFlour 647 for optical imaging, with a stability of more than 6 months. Confocal bioimaging with HeLa cells showed robust uptake of biocompatible nanoparticles in cells. Irradiation experiments X-rays showed greater than 2.8-fold cell kill enhancement as demonstrated by clonogenic survival assays. The results indicate that AuRad nanoplatform can act as potential theranostic agent in radiation therapy.
The D-E Region of the D1 Protein is Involved in Multiple Quinone and Herbicide Interactions in Photosystem II (1994)

The region between helices D and E (D-E region) of the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSII) is exposed at the stromal side of the photosynthetic membrane, contains the secondary plastoquinone (QB) binding niche, and is involved in processes at the reducing side of PSII. The role of the D-E region was studied in 27 site-directed mutants generated in the psbAII gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The photochemical performance of the modified PSII reaction centers was assessed with respect to photoautotrophic growth, oxygen evolution, fluorescence induction, and herbicide inhibition. A few mutations, located at positions presumably involved in essential interactions in the QB binding niche, greatly interfered with PSII performance. On the other hand, mutations in the presumptive loop region between helices D and de resulted in relatively minor effects, indicating a flexible region not critical for photochemical function. Indeed, although more than 80% of the D-E region is phylogenetically invariant, the bulk of the mutations affected the measured parameters only moderately. The significance of the conserved residues appears to be in subtle interactions that optimize the thermodynamic balance between some of the redox components of PSII, as indicated by mild changes in the steady state fluorescence. Many mutations modified tolerances to PSII herbicides. The dispersion of these mutations throughout the D-E region indicates the complex nature of the interactions, direct and indirect, affecting herbicide binding in the QB niche. Mutation of codons Ser221 and Ser222 to Leu221 and Ala222 revealed a new location coordinating the herbicide diuron in the D1 protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A validated method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine, <i>trans</i>‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma using solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry (2006)

A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma was developed and validated. Analytes and deuterated internal standards were extracted from human plasma using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric detection with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively, for all analytes. Linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 ng/ml of human plasma using a weighting factor of 1/x; correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were > 0.99. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were < 15.0%. Recoveries were 108.2-110.8% nicotine, 95.8-108.7% cotinine, 90.5-99.5% trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and 99.5-109.5% norcotinine. The method was also partially validated in bovine serum, owing to the difficulty of obtaining nicotine-free human plasma for the preparation of calibrators and quality control (QC) samples. This method proved to be robust and accurate for the quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma collected in clinical studies of acute nicotine effects on brain activity and on the development of neonates of maternal smokers.
Instruction of Circulating Endothelial Progenitors In Vitro towards Specialized Blood-Brain Barrier and Arterial Phenotypes (2014)

We have thus demonstrated that in vitro culture of early passage human cord blood EPDCs under specific conditions can induce phenotypic changes towards BBB or arterial phenotypes, indicating that these EPDCs maintain enough plasticity to acquire characteristics of a variety of specialized phenotypes. We propose that this property of EPDCs might be exploited for producing specialized endothelial cells in culture to be used for drug testing and predictive in vitro assays.
A European multicenter association study ofHTR2A receptor polymorphism in bipolar affective disorder (2000)

The available data on the role of 5-HT in a variety of behaviors support the hypothesis that a dysfunction in brain serotoninergic system activity contributes to vulnerability to major depression. The diversity in the electrophysiological actions of 5-HT in the central nervous system can now be categorized according to receptor subtypes and their respective effector mechanisms. In particular, the implication of central postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptor in affective disorders has been supported by findings consistent with the hypothesis of 5-HT2A receptor up-regulation in depression. For these reasons, the 5-HT2A receptor (HTR2A) gene can be considered as a candidate gene in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). We tested the possible genetic contribution of the polymorphic DNA variation T102C in exon 1 of HTR2A (chromosome 13q14-21) gene in a large European multicentric case-control sample. Allele and genotype frequencies, as well as homo-heterozygote distributions were compared between the two groups of 309 bipolar affective disorder patients and 309 matched controls. No significant differences were observed in the allelic and genotypic (also for homo-heterozygote) distribution between BPAD and controls. These results indicate that, in our sample, the 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism studied is unlikely to play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to BPAD. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:136-140, 2000.
Rayleigh Flat Fading Channels&#146; Capacity (2005)

In this paper, we consider single-user transmission over a Rayleigh flat fading channel, in which the channel state information (CSI) is known by the receiver only. Subject to an average transmit power constraint, we study the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with Rayleigh fading. Under an independently identically distributed fading assumption, lower and upper bounds of the channel capacity are given and proved and they are compared to the capacity results numerically computed. Besides, an approximation result of such channel capacity is proposed, and by conducting numerical comparison it is shown that our suggested approximation result has a better performance in approximating Rayleigh fading channels capacity than the bounds given above. In addition, the channel capacity with outage probability is discussed and compared with different outage probabilities.
Advances in amorphous silicon uncooled IR systems (1999)

A new class of uncooled IR systems has been developed based on advances in both amorphous silicon detectors and signal/system processing techniques. Not only are these devices uncooled but they operate over a wide system ambient temperature range without the use of TEC's or choppers. The devices are DC biased and provide radiometric information from each pixel without the use of a calibrated source. The current imaging system are medium to low resolution. They were designed with a very disciplined 'concept-to-cost' technique in which cost, power, sizes, weight and performance were traded off in the stated order. The result has been a new generation of 'ambient temperature' thermal imaging system and radiometers.
Low-Temperature and Pressureless Ag–Ag Direct Bonding for Light Emitting Diode Die-Attachment (2012)

Micrometer-sized Ag particles adsorb substantial oxygen above 200 °C. A dispersion of these particles in alcohol can be successfully used as a die-attach material by sintering the Ag particles to form a soft porous bonding layer. Since the low- temperature sintering of micrometer-sized Ag particles is unlikely to involve the nanometer size effect associated with melting, it was considered that the low-temperature sintering between Ag layers of micrometer thickness would occur in air. The contact surface of a light emitting diode die and a glass substrate were both coated with an Ag sputtered layer of 2 μm in thickness. The Ag-Ag direct bonding proceeded by sintering above 200 °C in air. The bonding strength of the Ag-Ag direct bonding exceeded that of the low-temperature sintering of micrometer-sized Ag particles, and the bonding strength depended on oxygen concentration in the sintering atmosphere. On the Ag sputtered surface of the glass substrate, a substantial morphology change was observed by heating the Ag sputtered layer in air. It was supposed that this morphology change was caused by abnormal grain growth of Ag in the Ag sputtered surface. It is concluded that low-temperature sintering of Ag materials is accelerated by the abnormal grain growth of Ag with oxygen adsorption near the Ag surface.
Characterization of InSb Interface with Oxide Films (1996)

Metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) structures on InSb substrate, grown by an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) system, were studied. A high quality oxide film, deposited on the InSb substrate by ECR-CVD, was achieved. The minimum interface state density (min N ss ) value of 4×10 11 cm -2 eV -1 was obtained. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were employed to clarify the MIS structure of these oxide films. It was found that the interface region between SiO 2 and the InSb surface was wider for lower values of the surface state density and that the reduction reaction occurred at the InSb surface during the deposition of SiO 2 .
Dietary obesity-associated Hif1α activation in adipocytes restricts fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure via suppression of the Sirt2-NAD<sup>+</sup> system (2012)

Dietary obesity is a major factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and is associated with intra-adipose tissue hypoxia and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Here we report that, in mice, Hif1α activation in visceral white adipocytes is critical to maintain dietary obesity and associated pathologies, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and cardiomyopathy. This function of Hif1α is linked to its capacity to suppress β-oxidation, in part, through transcriptional repression of sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase. Reduced Sirt2 function directly translates into diminished deacetylation of PPARγ coactivator 1α (Pgc1α) and expression of β-oxidation and mitochondrial genes. Importantly, visceral adipose tissue from human obese subjects is characterized by high levels of HIF1α and low levels of SIRT2. Thus, by negatively regulating the Sirt2-Pgc1α regulatory axis, Hif1α negates adipocyte-intrinsic pathways of fatty acid catabolism, thereby creating a metabolic state supporting the development of obesity.
Real-time automated road, lane and car detection for autonomous driving (2007)

In this paper, we discuss a vision based system for autonomous guidance of vehicles. An autonomous intelligent vehicle has to perform a number of functionalities. Segmentation of the road, determining the boundaries to drive in and recognizing the vehicles and obstacles around are the main tasks for vision guided vehicle navigation. In this article we propose a set of algorithms which lead to the solution of road and vehicle segmentation using data from a color camera. The algorithms described here combine gray value difference and texture analysis techniques to segment the road from the image, several geometric transformations and contour processing algorithms are used to segment lanes, and moving cars are extracted with the help of background modeling and estimation. The techniques developed have been tested in real road images and the results are presented.
Density of the Human Crystalline Lens is Related to the Macular Pigment Carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin (1997)

The main finding of this study was an age-dependent, inverse relationship between macular pigment density and lens density. Macular pigment is composed of lutein and zeaxanthin, the only two carotenoids that have been identified in the human lens. Thus, an inverse relationship between these two variables suggests that lutein and zeaxanthin, or other dietary factors with which they are correlated, may retard age-related increases in lens density.
Optical branching effect in Ti:LiNbO_3 waveguides: near-field pattern studies (1986)

The paper presents a detailed study of a single optical beam splitting into several beams (the branching effect) in photorefractive sensitive Ti:LiNbO3 optical slab waveguides. The near-field patterns of the multibeam structures are presented for different values of optical power coupled into TE guided modes of different orders. The process of partial recovery of the optically damaged waveguide (the partial shrinking of the multibeam bundle created) is also described.
Influence of platelet activating factor antagonists on the protamine sulphate stimulated release of histamine from peritoneal mast cells of rats in vitro. (1992)

The phospholipase (PL)A2 inhibitor p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB), the antagonists of the platelet activating factor (PAF) 3-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno(3,2-f)-(1,2,4)triazolo(4, 3-a)(1,4)diazepine-2-yl)-1-(4-morpholinyl)-1-propanone (a thieno-triazolo-diazepine, WEB 2086) and terpene-ginkgolide B and the antihistamine with PAF antagonistic qualities 4,9-dihydro-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidinylidene)-10H-benzo[2,5]cyclo hep ta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one (ketotifen) inhibit in the order p-BPB greater than terpene-ginkgolide B greater than ketotifen greater than WEB 2086 with decreasing activity the protamine sulphate activated histamine release from peritoneal rat mast cells (pRMC) in vitro. All compounds also inhibit the PAF induced aggregation of human platelets. The order of inhibition of the histamine release by these compounds does not agree with the order of their inhibitory activity on PAF induced aggregation of human platelets, indicating that the inhibition of the mast cell degranulation caused by PAF antagonists does not occur via PAF receptors. A generally membrane stabilizing quality of terpene-ginkgolide B and WEB 2086 may be ruled out as the cause of degranulation inhibition because none of the compounds suppresses the cytotoxic, triton X-100 induced release of histamine from pRMC. The mechanism of mast cell degranulation inhibition by PAF antagonists is unclear. An inhibition of PLA2 and/or inhibition of the Ca(2+)-activation are suggested.
Digital Power Amplification Using Sigma-Delta Modulation and Bit Flipping (1997)

A data conversion technique suitable for digital power amplifiers (DPAs) is described, based on a modified sigma-delta modulator. The pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) in the bit stream is reduced in order to increase the efficiency in the power output switching stage. The system offers PRFs comparable to pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-based DPAs, but with higher linearity and more than a thirtyfold reduction in bit-clock frequency.
Optical coherence tomography for ophthalmic imaging: new technique delivers micron-scale resolution (1995)

The authors have developed a new technique for micron scale resolution cross-sectional imaging of ocular and other biological tissue, called optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is similar to B-scan ultrasonic imaging, except that image contrast relies on differences in optical rather than acoustic backscattering characteristics of tissue. In contrast to ultrasound and nonlinear optical gating techniques, low-coherence interferometry is used to resolve the position of reflective or optical backscattering sites within a sample. Two-dimensional tomographic images of a thin, optical slice of tissue may be obtained with 10 μm longitudinal and lateral resolution. Optical heterodyne detection and the application of noise-reduction techniques originally developed for optical communication achieve sensitivity to reflected light as small as 10/sup -10/ of the incident optical power. OCT is non-contact, non-invasive, and has superior resolution to conventional clinical ultrasound. Unlike scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and scanning laser tomography, the optical sectioning capability of OCT is not limited by the pupil aperture and ocular aberrations. OCT may be implemented in a compact, low-cost, fiber-optic based interferometer that is easily coupled to existing ophthalmic instrumentation. Here, the authors demonstrate high-speed in vivo OCT imaging in both the anterior and posterior eye, and highlight the system's potential usefulness for the early diagnosis and quantitative monitoring of a variety of ocular diseases and treatments.
Investigation of a Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel α2δ Ligand for the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Phase II Trial (2012)

PD-0299685 failed to demonstrate positive proof of concept for the treatment of pain and other urinary end points associated with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Transformation of (1S,3S)‐cis‐1,3‐Disubstituted Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines into (1S,3R)‐trans‐1,3‐Disubstituted Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines: An Improved Asymmetric Synthesis of Tadalafil from L‐Tryptophan. (2014)

Abstract By applying this method the synthesis of compound (VI) is realized which can be used as precursor for the synthesis of tadalafil.
Handover Control for WCDMA Femtocell Networks (2010)

The ability to seamlessly switch between the macro networks and femtocell networks is a key driver for femtocell network deployment. The handover procedures for the integrated femtocell/macrocell networks differ from the existing handovers. Some modifications of existing network and protocol architecture for the integration of femtocell networks with the existing macrocell networks are also essential. These modifications change the signal flow for handover procedures due to different 2-tier cell (macrocell and femtocell) environment. The handover between two networks should be performed with minimum signaling. A frequent and unnecessary handover is another problem for hierarchical femtocell/macrocell network environment that must be minimized. This work studies the details mobility management schemes for small and medium scale femtocell network deployment. To do that, firstly we present two different network architectures for small scale and medium scale WCDMA femtocell deployment. The details handover call flow for these two network architectures and CAC scheme to minimize the unnecessary handovers are proposed for the integrated femtocell/macrocell networks. The numerical analysis for the proposed M/M/N/N queuing scheme and the simulation results of the proposed CAC scheme demonstrate the handover call control performances for femtocell environment.
Role of water as a coporogen in the synthesis of mesoporous poly(divinylbenzenes) (2014)

ABSTRACT The morphology of mesoporous poly(divinylbenzenes) prepared under so called “hydrothermal” conditions and with the monomers diluted in 10 times as much porogen solvent (tetrahydrofuran with 0–20% water) was studied in both dry and swollen states, with nitrogen adsorption/desorption and inverse steric exclusion chromatography, respectively. It was found that the pore volume in the polymer examined just after preparation corresponded to the volume of the porogen used. Such a high porosity can be explained only on the basis of pore formation through microsyneresis rather than the macrosyneresis mechanism that is common in the synthesis of conventional porous polymer materials. Naturally, drying induces a pore collapse and the addition of water to the porogen influences the ability of the polymer to regain the original pore volume by reswelling in tetrahydrofuran. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41198.
Nanoparticle Conjugates of Selenium Compounds: Preparation, Characterisation and Electron Transfer (2020)

One of the important features influencing the biological applications of organoselenium compounds is their redox state, which in turn is affected by their interactions with nearby heteroatoms. To modulate the biological action of selenium in such compounds, researchers have designed new structural motifs and also developed new formulations using inorganic nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) like iron oxide (Fe3O4) have been extensively studied for conjugation with many heteroatoms (sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen) containing ligands. Selenium, being more polarisable than sulphur, can induce significant surface passivation, thereby providing easy modulations with physico-chemical properties. Considering this, we investigated the physico-chemical properties of a few selenium compounds conjugated to GNPs and MNPs. The GNP conjugates were characterised by spectroscopic and microscopic tools, such as optical absorption, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), the zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirmed that the selenium atom was covalently conjugated to GNPs and this conjugation not only increased their electron transfer ability, but also their antioxidant ability. In another study, asymmetric phenyl selenides were conjugated with MNPs and characterised byX-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, DLS and zeta potential. The radical scavenging ability of the selenium compounds improved upon conjugation with the MNPs. Therefore, the above studies confirmed that the redox activities of selenium compounds can be modulated upon conjugation with inorganic nanoparticles, such as GNPs and MNPs, which in turn provides new avenues for delivering organoselenium compounds.