gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Lamb Wave Using Linear Array Probe and Its Application for Flaw Detection (1986)

The method with which a Lamb wave of the required mode is generated and detected by electronically adjusting the incident angle using a linear array probe, and its application to flaw detection is presented. To test the ability of this method, experiments were carried out using specimens with an artificial flaw. The method was shown to be successful. The two dimensional CRT display method of the detected flaws, in which the polar coordinates consist of the propagation time and the incident angle of the wave, and the brightness corresponds to the amplitude of echo is also presented.
Comorbidity of Major Depression with Substance Use Disorders (2005)

SUDs cooccur with a high frequency in cases of MDD. Clinicians and mental health services should consider routine assessment of SUDs in depression patients.
Scenario-based assessment of future food security (2011)

这份报纸论述对全球未来食物安全的一个基于情形的评价。做那，社会经济并且气候变化情形为未来被定义并且被连接到一个综合建模框架。官方补给底的环境政策综合气候(史诗) 模型和庄稼区域模仿的庄稼收益由庄稼选择决定模型模仿了被联合计算全部的食物生产和人均的食物可获得性，它被用来代表食物可获得性和稳定性的地位。IFPSIM 模型模仿的人均的粗野国内产品(GDP ) 被用来反映食物可接近性和 affordability 的状况。基于这二指示物，未来食物安全地位在约 20 年的一个时期上在全球规模被估计，从 2000 年开始。结果证明象南亚和很非洲的国家愿望那样的某些区域多半作为人均的食物可获得性和能进口在 2000 和 2020 之间的食物愿望减少的能力在未来仍然是食物紧张的热点。与贫穷联系的低食物生产是到在这些区域的饥饿的决定因素，并且更多的努力被需要以未来行动与饥饿作斗争。另外的区域象在到的能力的人均的食物可获得性或增加有增加的南方美国人国家进口的中国，很东方的欧洲国家和大多数那样在 2000 和 2020 之间的食物可能能改进他们的食物安全状况。
Immunobiology of the Mammary Gland (1997)

The mammary gland is a complex organ that provides neonatal offspring with milk for nourishment and disease resistance. Specific and innate immune factors associated with mammary gland tissues and secretion also play a vital role in protecting the gland from infectious disease. Through genetic selection and technological advances in milk removal, the bovine mammary gland yields for more milk than is needed to nourish the newborn calf. This excess is the basis of the dairy industry. Factors associated with the intense management of dairy cattle can profoundly affect mammary gland immunity and the ability of the host to resist mastitis. Technological advances in immunology have led to the availability of new research tools that can facilitate the study of mammary gland immunity and disease pathogenesis. In recent years, considerable research effort has focused on enhancing the natural defense mechanisms of the mammary gland during periods of heightened susceptibility to disease. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of mammary gland immunity with special emphasis on the bovine system. The underlying mechanisms of disease susceptibility and development of potential immunoregulatory strategies to control mastitis are discussed.
EGFR-Targeted Adenovirus Dendrimer Coating for Improved Systemic Delivery of the Theranostic NIS Gene (2013)

We recently demonstrated tumor-selective iodide uptake and therapeutic efficacy of combined radiovirotherapy after systemic delivery of the theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene using a dendrimer-coated adenovirus. To further improve shielding and targeting we physically coated replication-selective adenoviruses carrying the hNIS gene with a conjugate consisting of cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer linked to the peptidic, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific ligand GE11. In vitro experiments demonstrated coxsackie-adenovirus receptor-independent but EGFR-specific transduction efficiency. Systemic injection of the uncoated adenovirus in a liver cancer xenograft mouse model led to high levels of NIS expression in the liver due to hepatic sequestration, which were significantly reduced after coating as demonstrated by (123)I-scintigraphy. Reduction of adenovirus liver pooling resulted in decreased hepatotoxicity and increased transduction efficiency in peripheral xenograft tumors. (124)I-PET-imaging confirmed EGFR-specificity by significantly lower tumoral radioiodine accumulation after pretreatment with the EGFR-specific antibody cetuximab. A significantly enhanced oncolytic effect was observed following systemic application of dendrimer-coated adenovirus that was further increased by additional treatment with a therapeutic dose of (131)I. These results demonstrate restricted virus tropism and tumor-selective retargeting after systemic application of coated, EGFR-targeted adenoviruses therefore representing a promising strategy for improved systemic adenoviral NIS gene therapy.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e131; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.58; published online 5 November 2013.
SEXUAL FUNCTION IN MEN WITH DIABETES TYPE 2: ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL (2000)

Our data add to the growing body of literature suggesting that erectile dysfunction correlates with the level of glycemic control. Peripheral neuropathy and hemoglobin A1c but not patient age were independent predictors of erectile dysfunction.
Swelling of and solute exclusion by poly(<i>N</i>‐alkylacrylamide) gels (1995)

Abstract Temperature‐sensitive hydrogels of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) poly( N , N ‐diethylacrylamide), poly( N‐N ‐propylacrylamide), copolymer of N ‐isopropylacrylamide and methylacrylamide, and copolymer of N , N ‐diethylacrylamide and N‐tert ‐butylacrylamide were prepared. The swelling characteristics of the gels were studied and gel extraction of macromolecules, based on the solute exclusion by the gel network, were investigated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exposing digital forgeries in scientific images (2006)

A recent case of scientific fraud, involving manipulated images in a high-profile scientific publication, has sent shock- waves through the scientific community. By some measures, however, this case is not isolated - in at least one journal, it is estimated that as many as 20% of accepted manuscripts contain figures with inappropriate manipulations, and 1% with fraudulent manipulations. Several scientific editors are considering putting safeguards in place to help reduce these numbers. While sensible policy and awareness are certainly important, there is likely to be a need for computational techniques that automatically detect common forms of tampering. We describe three such techniques for detecting traces of tampering in scientific images. Specifically, image segmentation techniques are employed to detect image deletion, "healing", and duplication.
Osteogenic growth peptide: From concept to drug design (2002)

Recently, the osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and its C-terminal pentapeptide H-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-OH [OGP(10-14)] have attracted considerable clinical interest as bone anabolic agents and hematopoietic stimulators. They are present in mammalian serum in micromolar concentrations, increase bone formation and trabecular bone density, and stimulate fracture healing when administered to mice and rats. In cultures of osteoblastic and other bone marrow stromal cells, derived from human and other mammalian species, OGP regulates proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. In vivo it also regulates the expression of type I collagen and the receptor for basic fibroblast growth factor. In addition, OGP and OGP(10-14) enhance hematopoiesis, including the stimulation of bone marrow transplant engraftment and hematopoietic regeneration after ablative chemotherapy. Apparently, the hematopoietic effects of these peptides are secondary to their effect on the bone marrow stroma. Detailed structure-activity relationship study identified the side chains of Tyr(10) and Phe(12) as the principal pharmacophores for OGP-like activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that several cyclostereoisomers of OGP(10-14), including the analogue retro-inverso (Gly-Gly-D-Phe-Gly-D-Tyr), share the full spectrum of OGP-like bioactivities. Taken together, OGP represents an interesting case of a "housekeeping" peptide that plays an important role in osteogenesis and hematopoiesis, and interacts with its putative macromolecular target via distinct pharmacophores presented in a specific spatial organization.
Management of Egfr-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Practical Implications from a Clinical and Pathology Perspective (2017)

Starting in the early 2000s, non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) subtypes have evolved from being histologically described to molecularly defined. Management of lung adenocarcinomas now generally requires multiple molecular tests at baseline to define the optimal treatment strategy. More recently, second biopsies performed at progression in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) have further defined the continued use of molecularly targeted therapy. In the present article, we focus on one molecular subtype: <i>EGFR-</i>mutated nsclc. For that patient population, multiple lines of tki therapy are now available either clinically or in clinical trials. Each line of treatment is guided by the specific mutations (for example, L858R, T790M, C797S) identified in <i>EGFR.</i> We first describe the various mechanisms of acquired resistance to <i>EGFR</i> tki treatment. We then focus on strategies that clinicians and pathologists can both use during tissue acquisition and handling to optimize patient results. We also discuss future directions for the molecular characterization of lung cancers with driver mutations, including liquid biopsies. Finally, we provide an algorithm to guide treating physicians managing patients with <i>EGFR-</i>mutated nsclc. The same framework can also be applied to other molecularly defined nsclc subgroups as resistance patterns are elucidated and additional lines of treatment are developed.
STUDY ON THE METABOLIC IMPLICATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL TRYPTOPHAN IN EXPOSED TO STRESS CHICKENS (2008)

MONEVA, P., S. POPOVA-RALCHEVA, D. GUDEV, V. SREDKOVA and I. YANCHEV, 2008. Study on the metabolic implication of supplemental tryptophan in exposed to stress chickens. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 14: 424-431 The effect of supplemental tryptophan (5g/1Kg -1 diet) on some indices of stress, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (H:L), leukocyte and erythrocyte numbers in chickens under stress induced by alternating periods of normal feeding with periods of feed and water withdrawal was investigated. Twenty chickens at the age of six weeks were randomly allocated into two groups- control and experimental. Experimental birds were deprived of feed and water and their legs tied for seventeen hours each day in four consecutive days. Body weight was registered on d 0 (baseline value), d 7 (preliminary period-free of stress) and on d 11 (experimental period). Blood samples were taken on d 0 and d 11. Relative weights of some immunobiological organs were also measured at the end of the experimental period. Supplemental tryptophan alleviated body weight decline, decreased spleen (P>0.05) and liver (P<0.05) relative weights, but had no significant effect on those of adrenal glands and bursa of Fabricius. Plasma urea levels were not influenced by supplemental tryptophan but plasma glucose levels declined by 14h and cholesterol levels by 17h in comparison with control group. Tryptophan supplementation prevented H: L ratio increment caused by stressor treatment. Leukocyte numbers and hematocrit values were not significantly influenced by tryptophan. Interleukin-1α response to stress declined in triptophan supplemented chickens by 14 h following the start of stressor treatment but corticosterone response was not influenced. Our results indicate that tryptophan is implicated in white blood cells dynamics and influences the pattern of the observed stress indices in chickens.
Adaptive off-time control for variable-frequency, soft-switched flyback converter at light loads (2003)

The soft switching of a flyback converter can be achieved by operating the circuit in the critical conduction mode. However, the critical-mode operation at light loads cannot be maintained due to a very high switching frequency and the loss of the output voltage regulation. A control which regulates the output down to the zero load and maintains soft switching at light loads is proposed. The proposed control scheme was implemented in the 380 V/19 V, 65 W flyback DC/DC converter.
A Novel Method for Detecting Intramolecular Coevolution: Adding a Further Dimension to Selective Constraints Analyses (2006)

Protein evolution depends on intramolecular coevolutionary networks whose complexity is proportional to the underlying functional and structural interactions among sites. Here we present a novel approach that vastly improves the sensitivity of previous methods for detecting coevolution through a weighted comparison of divergence between amino acid sites. The analysis of the HIV-1 Gag protein detected convergent adaptive coevolutionary events responsible for the selective variability emerging between subtypes. Coevolution analysis and functional data for heat-shock proteins, Hsp90 and GroEL, highlight that almost all detected coevolving sites are functionally or structurally important. The results support previous suggestions pinpointing the complex interdomain functional interactions within these proteins and we propose new amino acid sites as important for interdomain functional communication. Three-dimensional information sheds light on the functional and structural constraints governing the coevolution between sites. Our covariation analyses propose two types of coevolving sites in agreement with previous reports: pairs of sites spatially proximal, where compensatory mutations could maintain the local structure stability, and clusters of distant sites located in functional domains, suggesting a functional dependency between them. All sites detected under adaptive evolution in these proteins belong to coevolution groups, further underlining the importance of testing for coevolution in selective constraints analyses.
The Surprisingly High Reactivity of Phenoxyl Radicals (1994)

Rate constants have been measured in nonaqueous media for hydrogen atom abstraction by the phenoxyl radical from some biologically important phenols and related compounds. Although the thermochemistry for these reactions must be very similar to the thermochemistry for H atom abstraction from the same substrate by a peroxyl radical, the phenoxyl rate constants, k 5, are ca. 100-300 times greater than the (already well-known) peroxyl rate constants, k 1. For example, with α-tocopherol in benzene/di-tert-butyl peroxide (1:3, v/v) k 5 293K = 1.1 × 10 9 M -1 s -1 vs k 1 303K = 3.2 × 10 6 M -1 s -1 in a similar nonpolar medium, and with ubiquinol-10 in the same solvent mixture k 5 293k = 8.4 × 10 7 M -1 s -1, while the corresponding value for k 1 is 3.5 × 10 5 M -1 s -1. The greater reactivity of the phenoxyl radical has been traced to the fact that the Arrhenius preexponential factors are much larger than for the corresponding peroxyl radical reactions, i.e., A 5 ∼ 10 2A 1. For example, with α-naphthol log(A 5/M -1 s -1) = 8.9 and E 5 = 2.2 kcal/mol vs log(A 1/M -1 s -1) = 6.4 and E 1 = 1.7 kcal/mol. The preexponential factors for H-atom donors more reactive than α-naphthol are even greater; for example, with α-tocopherol in CH 3CN/di-tert-butyl peroxide (1:2, v/v) log(A 5/M -1 s -1) = 10.0 and E 5 = 2.0 kcal/mol, and with ubiquinol-0 in benzene/di-tert-butyl peroxide (1:3, v/v) log(A 5/M -1 s -1) = 10.5 and E 5 = 3.5 kcal/mol. The role that intermediate hydrogen-bonded complexes between the reacting radical and the phenolic hydrogen donor may play in these reactions is discussed, and it is pointed out that our results are likely to be relevant to in vivo radical chemistry.
On‐line adaptive trend extraction of multiple physiological signals for alarm filtering in intensive care units (2009)

Abstract This paper presents an alarm validation system dedicated to patient monitoring in intensive care units (ICU). Several physiological signals are continuously acquired and an on‐line trend extraction method is implemented for each one. A trend is a succession of contiguous semi‐quantitative episodes, expressing the time evolution of a signal with several symbols. The difference between the trend and the signal is considered as a residual. In this paper, trend extraction is based on several thresholds that are adapted on‐line, following the signal variations. Multivariate change indices are further deduced from the trends and the residuals. They provide an indication of changes to patient hemodynamic and respiratory state. An alarm validation system based on these indices is then proposed, which uses fuzzy decision making. Whenever a monitoring system sets off an alarm, the system proposed carries out a backward analysis of the physiological variables monitored. The system enables various policies to be implemented: filtering of false alarms due to artifacts, confirmation of true alarms due to a patient state change. The system was tested on more than 50 h of data recorded on adult patients in an ICU unit, when 105SpO 2 alarms were set off by a fixed threshold alarm system. The comparison between the decision made on‐line by the validation system and the decision made by a medical expert for each of these alarms showed that the system is able to recognize 100% of true alarms and filter 50–80% of false alarms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric relaxation behavior and its relation to microstructure in relaxor ferroelectric polymers: High-energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) copolymers (2002)

The dielectric behavior of the high-energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) 68/32 mol % copolymer was characterized in the dose range from 0 to 175 Mrad. It was found that as the dose increases, the copolymer evolves from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric and then to a simple relaxor. Correspondingly, the crystalline morphology changes from a two-phase coexistence between a polar and nonpolar phases at low doses (&lt;50 Mrad) to a macroscopically uniform nonpolar phase for doses beyond 50 Mrad, as revealed by x-ray data. Interestingly, it was observed that in the whole dose range, the Vogel–Fulcher (V–F) relationship could describe the measured relationship between the frequency and the peak temperature of dielectric constant well. For the copolymers irradiated with dose near 75 Mrad, which show a typical relaxor ferroelectric response, the V–F behavior is a result of freezing of the relaxation time (into polar glass state). For the copolymers irradiated with doses lower that 50 Mrad where a polar phase and nonpolar phase coexist, the dielectric data at near the ferroelectric-paraelectric temperature show a dielectric peak with V–F type relaxation followed by a transition from a relaxor ferroelectric and normal ferroelectric as the temperature is lowered, suggesting a possible freezing process even in this dose range.
Laser-absorption tomography beam arrangement optimization using resolution matrices (2012)

Laser-absorption tomography experiments infer the concentration distribution of a gas species from the attenuation of lasers transecting the flow field. Although reconstruction accuracy strongly depends on the layout of optical components, to date experimentalists have had no way to predict the performance of a given beam arrangement. This paper shows how the mathematical properties of the coefficient matrix are related to the information content of the attenuation data, which, in turn, forms a basis for a beam-arrangement design algorithm that minimizes the reliance on additional assumed information about the concentration distribution. When applied to a simulated laser-absorption tomography experiment, optimized beam arrangements are shown to produce more accurate reconstructions compared to other beam arrangements presented in the literature.
Gastric emptying of non-disintegrating solid drug delivery systems in fasted state: relevance to drug dissolution (2010)

Importance of the field: Knowledge of gastric emptying (GE) of solid drug delivery systems (DDS) is meaningful for the development of new DDS as it enables the design of in vitro dissolution experiments with conditions close to those in vivo in order to predict drug plasma concentration profiles with high reliability.Areas covered in this review: Gastric emptying of non-disintegrating pellets, tablets and mini-tablets in the fasted state is described on the basis of various studies performed in the last 30 years, which have evaluated the emptying process mostly by gamma scintigraphy. Different influences on GE and mathematical models describing GE kinetics of single and multiunit dosage forms are represented. A discussion on the implementation of these data in the development of drug dissolution testing procedures is given.What the reader will gain: Readers will gain an insight into the kinetics and mechanisms of GE processes. Some suggestions on the use of the obtained knowledge in biopharmaceutical testing of DDS are also given.Take home message: Gastric emptying of non-disintegrating solid DDS is a very important process, which might influence drug dissolution, bioavailability and the plasma concentration profile. It is reasonable to consider this process in biopharmaceutical testing of these DDS.
The relationship between usual coffee consumption and serum C-reactive protein level in a Japanese female population (2008)

It was noteworthy that the benefits of coffee consumption, even if > or = 1 cup/day, on serum hsCRP levels were confirmed in Japanese women, following similarly to other ethnic data.
Effects of proton buffering and of amiloride derivatives on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Possible evidence for an arrhythmogenic role of Na(+)-H+ exchange. (1990)

We investigated the hypothesis that an accelerated Na+o-H+i exchange on reperfusion may lead to a displacement of the 3[Na+] [Ca2+]i/o equilibrium in favor of an arrhythmogenic rise in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Supporting evidence was obtained by subjection of isolated rat hearts to 15 minutes of low-flow (5% of control) ischemia and 2 minutes of reperfusion in the presence of a Krebs-Henseleit HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing lactate (10 mM). At first, the [HEPES] was fixed at 5 mM; then, 2 minutes before reflow, either the [HEPES] was varied from 50 to 1 mM to slow H+o washout, or increasing concentrations of 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (Ki 7 microM) or 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride (Ki 0.2 microM) were added for inhibition of Na(+)-H+ exchange. In each case, reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias were reduced by 69-73% (p less than 0.001).
OBSERVATION OF A SUPERRADIANT SELF-TERMINATING GREEN LASER TRANSITION IN NEON (1965)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Donald A. Leonard, Richard A. Neal, Edward T. Gerry; OBSERVATION OF A SUPERRADIANT SELF‐TERMINATING GREEN LASER TRANSITION IN NEON. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 September 1965; 7 (6): 175. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754364 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search