gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinematics Support for Design and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems (2002)

We present a framework that combines both form (CAD models) and behavior (simulation models) of mechatronic system components into component objects. By composing these component objects, designers automatically create a virtual prototype of the system they are designing. The framework verifies and maintains the consistency between the representations of the form, function, and behavior of the virtual prototype. This virtual prototype, in turn, can provide immediate feedback about design decisions by evaluating whether the functional requirements are met in simulation. When the designer makes a change to one aspect of the representation, our framework automatically updates all other aspects impacted by this change and reports inconsistencies. Inconsistencies occur when the kinematic behavior of the device does not match the form, or the kinematic behavior does not match the currently specified functional description. Continuous feedback of this nature shortens the design-simulate cycle for product design. To achieve composition of behavioral models, we use a port-based modeling paradigm in which component interactions are defined by connections between ports. Component objects and component interactions together form the system model of the device. Simulation models for the components are defined in VHDL-AMS and are solved with a commercial solver.
Question Box (1959)

Question Box Get access F. T. WOOD, F. T. WOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. A. D. MACCARTHY P. A. D. MACCARTHY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume XIII, Issue 4, July 1959, Pages 172–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/XIII.4.172 Published: 01 July 1959
Nipped-B, a Drosophila Homologue of Chromosomal Adherins, Participates in Activation by Remote Enhancers in the cut and Ultrabithorax Genes (1999)

How enhancers are able to activate promoters located several kilobases away is unknown. Activation by the wing margin enhancer in the cut gene, located 85 kb from the promoter, requires several genes that participate in the Notch receptor pathway in the wing margin, including scalloped, vestigial, mastermind, Chip, and the Nipped locus. Here we show that Nipped mutations disrupt one or more of four essential complementation groups: l(2)41Ae, l(2)41Af, Nipped-A, and Nipped-B. Heterozygous Nipped mutations modify Notch mutant phenotypes in the wing margin and other tissues, and magnify the effects that mutations in the cis regulatory region of cut have on cut expression. Nipped-A and l(2)41Af mutations further diminish activation by a wing margin enhancer partly impaired by a small deletion. In contrast, Nipped-B mutations do not diminish activation by the impaired enhancer, but increase the inhibitory effect of a gypsy transposon insertion between the enhancer and promoter. Nipped-B mutations also magnify the effect of a gypsy insertion in the Ultrabithorax gene. Gypsy binds the Suppressor of Hairy-wing insulator protein [Su(Hw)] that blocks enhancer-promoter communication. Increased insulation by Su(Hw) in Nipped-B mutants suggests that Nipped-B products structurally facilitate enhancer-promoter communication. Compatible with this idea, Nipped-B protein is homologous to a family of chromosomal adherins with broad roles in sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, and DNA repair.
Tagging and Cloning of a Petunia Flower Color Gene with the Maize Transposable Element Activator. (1993)

We report here the use of the maize transposable element Activator (Ac) to isolate a dicot gene. Ac was introduced into petunia, where it transposed into Ph6, one of several genes that modify anthocyanin pigmentation in flowers by affecting the pH of the corolla. Like other Ac-mutable alleles, the new mutation is unstable and reverts to a functional form in somatic and germinal tissues. The mutant gene was cloned using Ac as a probe, demonstrating the feasibility of heterologous transposon tagging in higher plants. Confirmation that the cloned DNA fragment corresponded to the mutated gene was obtained from an analysis of revertants. In every case examined, reversion to the wild-type phenotype was correlated with restoration of a wild-type-sized DNA fragment. New transposed Acs were detected in many of the revertants. As in maize, the frequency of somatic and germinal excision of Ac from the mutable allele appears to be dependent on genetic background.
Graph coloring based spectrum allocation for femtocell downlink interference mitigation (2011)

Femtocell networks have great potential for mobile applications. However, interference due to the co-existence of macrocells and femtocells is a serious problem. In addition, dense femtocells introduce severe inter-system interference. In this paper, a graph theory based dynamic sub-band allocation technique is presented to avoid downlink interference. We model the cells and their mutual interference as graph elements, nodes and weighted edges, respectively. To maintain a tolerable interference level, the total bandwidth is divided into a number of sub-bands, and these are assigned to the femtocells using a graph coloring algorithm. The division is optimized to minimize the bandwidth used to meet user traffic requirements, and minimize the femto-to-macro interference. In addition, sub-bands are assigned to the femtocells to avoid inter-femto interference. An iterative spectrum management algorithm is also introduced.
GaAs monolithic components development for Q-band phased array application (2003)

Major components for monolithic Q-band phased-array applications have been developed using 0.2 mu m doped channel pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. The components include a high-gain, high-efficiency monolithic amplifier and a 3-bit switched line, monolithic phase shifter. At 44 GHz, measurement results of the amplifier demonstrated a small signal gain of 19.5 dB, and a power added efficiency of 20% at 3-dB compression point with an output power of 9 mW. The phase shifter had a measured insertion loss of 7.5 dB and a phase error smaller than 7 degrees from 43 to 45 GHz for all phase states. These components are suitable for monolithic integrated phased-array transmitter applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fiber lasers generating radially and azimuthally polarized light (2008)

A simple, robust, and efficient method to produce either radially or azimuthally polarized output beam from a fiber laser is presented. Experimental results reveal that polarization purity of 90% or better can be obtained.
Yeast culture collections in the twenty‐first century: new opportunities and challenges (2016)

The twenty-first century has brought new opportunities and challenges to yeast culture collections, whether they are long-standing or recently established. Basic functions such as archiving, characterizing and distributing yeasts continue, but with expanded responsibilities and emerging opportunities. In addition to a number of well-known, large public repositories, there are dozens of smaller public collections that differ in the range of species and strains preserved, field of emphasis and services offered. Several collections have converted their catalogues to comprehensive databases and synchronize them continuously through public services, making it easier for users worldwide to locate a suitable source for specific yeast strains and the data associated with these yeasts. In-house research such as yeast taxonomy continues to be important at culture collections. Because yeast culture collections preserve a broad diversity of species and strains within a species, they are able to make discoveries in many other areas as well, such as biotechnology, functional, comparative and evolution genomics, bioprocesses and novel products. Due to the implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol (NP), there are new requirements for both depositors and users to ensure that yeasts were collected following proper procedures and to guarantee that the country of origin will be considered if benefits arise from a yeast's utilization. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are extremely relevant to the current access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanisms; most research and development involving genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge will be subject to this topic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural Gas Purification Technologies - Major Advances for CO2 Separation and Future Directions (2012)

Natural gas consumption statisticsIn consideration of the state of the art green technology requirements in promoting low-and zero-emission through the wise use of natural resources for the available reserves, natural gas becomes one of the most attractive, fastest and the premium growing fuel of world primary energy consumption (Economides and Wood 2009).According to the technical report that was released on June 2011 by the International Energy Outlook 2010, the global utilization of natural gas raises to 44% from the reference year 2007 (108 trillion cubic feet) to the predicted year of 2035 (156 trillion cubic feet).In 2008, the need for natural gas was lowered due to the global economic recession that affects the global fuel markets, and in the following year, the worldwide natural gas utilization was reduced approximately by 1.1% (Energy Information and Administration 2011).www.intechopen.com
Plantarflexion Opening Wedge Medial Cuneiform Osteotomy for Correction of Fixed Forefoot Varus Associated with Flatfoot Deformity (2004)

Opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy is an important adjunctive procedure to correct the forefoot varus component of a flatfoot deformity. Advantages of this technique in comparison to first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis include predictable union, preservation of first ray mobility, and the ability to easily vary the amount of correction. Because of the variety of hindfoot procedures done in these patients, the degree of hindfoot correction contributed by the cuneiform osteotomy alone could not be determined. We have had excellent results without major complications using this technique.
Design and Operational Considerations to Maintain Underbalanced Conditions with Concentric Casing Injection (2003)

Abstract Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has the potential to add value by maximizing productivity and ultimate recovery by reducing formation damage. The benefits of UBD are of course dependent on the ability to maintain underbalanced conditions throughout the entire life of a well, especially during the drilling phase. The ability to maintain underbalanced conditions is complicated because real UBD wells are rarely, if ever, in a "steady-state" condition and are subject to constantly changing or transient flow behavior. Improved understanding of the transient flow behavior will increase the ability of the rigsite engineer to maintain the desired bottomhole pressure and thus minimize potential formation damaging, overbalanced periods. This paper illustrates how detailed transient analysis provides a rigorous engineering basis for selection of the appropriate methods, to maintain optimum downhole conditions by minimizing bottomhole pressure instability. Methods to mitigate destabilizing transient effects with drill pipe injection are relatively well understood, due to extensive case histories, but less experience is available with concentric casing (CC) injection and thus less is known on options to control pressure instability. The UbitTS transient flow simulator is used to optimize design and operational parameters to minimize well slugging tendency and pressure instability when the concentric casing injection technique is employed. Reference is made to a generic test well, but the methodology has application to all UBD operations considering CC injection.
Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring for Intramedullary Surgery: An Essential Adjunct (1997)

Intraoperative monitoring of the functional integrity of the spinal cord during removal of intramedullary spinal cord lesions is an aid in intraoperative decision making and a primary tool for the prediction of neurological outcome. Motor evoked potential monitoring has become the neurophysiological monitoring technique of choice for that purpose. In the senior author's experience with over 130 pediatric patients suffering from intramedullary spinal cord tumors, the neurophysiological data of both motor and sensory evoked potentials was utilized in an integrative fashion. Motor evoked potentials, elicited with single transcranial electrical stimuli and recorded directly from the spinal cord with an electrode in the spinal epidural space, reflect the functional integrity of the corticospinal tract. Motor evoked potentials, elicited with a short train of transcranial electrical stimuli and recorded from limb muscles, reflect the functional integrity of the motor system from the cerebral cortex/white matter to beyond the neuromuscular junction. Both epidural and muscle motor evoked potentials correlated closely with postoperative neurological function. Both techniques provide fast, practical and reliable information on the functional integrity of the motor tracts of the spinal cord. No complications attributable to stimulation or recording occurred. Over time both the technique's reliable power of predicting clinical outcome and its practical versatility have altered the surgical approach in that gross total resections are more readily attempted as long as motor evoked potential data indicate the intact functional integrity of the corticospinal tract. This monitoring technique unquestionably had a favorable impact on neurological outcome.
Transformation of Helicobacter pylori by electroporation. (1993)

A highly efficient method of introducing DNA into an important human pathogen is reported here. Electroporation-mediated transformation of a laboratory-passaged isolate of Helicobacter pylori was successfully used to establish genetic mutants at a transformation frequency of > 10(5)/micrograms DNA. This method should be widely applicable to all isolates of H. pylori and may eliminate the variability reported when natural transformation was used on fresh clinical isolates.
Dynamic Histone Variant Exchange Accompanies Gene Induction in T Cells (2009)

Changes in chromatin composition are often a prerequisite for gene induction. Nonallelic histone variants have recently emerged as key players in transcriptional control and chromatin modulation. While the changes in chromatin accessibility and histone posttranslational modification (PTM) distribution that accompany gene induction are well documented, the dynamics of histone variant exchange that parallel these events are still poorly defined. In this study, we have examined the changes in histone variant distribution that accompany activation of the inducible CD69 and heparanase genes in T cells. We demonstrate that the chromatin accessibility increases that accompany the induction of both of these genes are not associated with nucleosome loss but instead are paralleled by changes in histone variant distribution. Specifically, induction of these genes was paralleled by depletion of the H2A.Z histone variant and concomitant deposition of H3.3. Furthermore, H3.3 deposition was accompanied by changes in PTM patterns consistent with H3.3 enriching or depleting different PTMs upon incorporation into chromatin. Nevertheless, we present evidence that these H3.3-borne PTMs can be negated by recruited enzymatic activities. From these observations, we propose that H3.3 deposition may both facilitate chromatin accessibility increases by destabilizing nucleosomes and compete with recruited histone modifiers to alter PTM patterns upon gene induction.
The MHC class I genes of the rhesus monkey. Different evolutionary histories of MHC class I and II genes in primates (1996)

Homologues of the human HLA-A and -B MHC class I loci have been found in great apes and Old World primates suggesting that these two loci have existed for at least 30 million years. The C locus, however, shows some sequence similarity to the B locus and has been found only in gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. To determine the age of the MHC class I C locus and to examine the evolution of the A and B loci we have cloned, sequenced, and in vitro translated 16 MHC class I cDNAs from two unrelated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using both cDNA library screening and PCR amplification. Analyses of these sequences suggest that the C locus is not present in the rhesus monkey, indicating that this locus may be of recent origin in gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. The rhesus monkey's complement of MHC class I genes includes the products of at least one expressed A locus and at least two expressed B loci, indicating that a duplication of the B locus has taken place in the lineage leading to these Old World primates. Comparison of rhesus monkey MHC class I cDNAs to their primate counterparts reveals fundamental differences between MHC class I and class II evolution in primates. Although MHC class II allelic lineages are shared between humans and Old World primates, no such trans-species sharing of allelic lineages is seen at the MHC class I loci.
Characterization of naturally occurring α‐hydroxylinolenic acid (1969)

Abstract The seed oil of Thymus vulgaris L. (Labiatae) contains 13% of a new unsaturated hydroxy fatty acid which has been characterized as α‐hydroxylinolenic acid. This oil also contains the previously unknown norlinolenic (all‐ cis ‐8,11,14‐heptadecatrienoic) acid (2%) and linolenic acid (55%). The co‐occurrence of these three acids suggests that the C 17 acid is biosynthesized by α‐oxidation of linolenic acid.
Economical Design in Noncovalent Nanoscale Synthesis: Diverse Photofunctional Nanostructures Based on a Single Covalent Building Block (2009)

Four from one: Nanoscale ribbons, tubes, vesicles, and platelets can be formed from the self-assembly of a single covalent unit, which is based on an amphiphilic perylene diimide functionalized with a terpyridine ligand (see picture). The assembly diversity arises from the encoding of multiple inputs through hydrophobic interactions and metal coordination. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
INVITED REVIEW - Ecosystem Consequences of Enhanced Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Secondary Plant Metabolites as Mediators of Multiple Trophic Interactions in Terrestrial Plant Communities¶ (2004)

The potential role of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced secondary plant metabolites as mediators of multiple trophic responses in terrestrial ecosystems is considered through review of the major classes of secondary metabolites, the pathways for their biosynthesis, interactions with primary and secondary consumers and known UV effects on their induction. Gross effects of UV-B radiation on plant growth and survival under realistic spectral balances in the field have been generally lacking, but subtle changes in carbon allocation and partitioning induced by UV-B, in particular production of secondary metabolites, can affect ecosystem-level processes. Secondary metabolites are important in plant-herbivore interactions and may affect pathogens. They act as feeding or oviposition deterrents to generalists and nonadapted specialists, but adapted specialists are stimulated to feed by these same compounds, which they detoxify and often sequester for use against their predators. This provides a route for tritrophic effects of enhanced UV-B radiation whereby herbivory may be increased while predation on the herbivore is simultaneously reduced. It is in this context that secondary metabolites may manifest their most important role. They can be the demonstrable mechanism establishing cause and effect at higher trophic levels because the consequences of their induction can be established at all trophic levels.
Ex Post Facto Evaluation of Neighborhood Organization Programs (1977)

Quasi-experimental designs, which are currently dominant in the methodological literature on Evaluative Research, are mostly not appropriate for the evaluation of Planned Change in the social organization of urban neighborhoods. In this paper we propose an alternative approach, based on ex-post-facto case studies. Criteria for evaluation, as well as study design and instruments, are discussed in some detail. A concise summary of one local evaluative study is presented as an illustration.
Direct Detection of Biomolecules in a Capillary Electrophoresis−Chemiluminescence Detection System (2004)

Direct detection of biomolecules, such as alpha-amino acids, peptides, and proteins, was accomplished using a capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence detection system, in which a luminol-hydrogen peroxide-Cu(II)-catalyzed chemiluminescence reaction was utilized. Biomolecules migrated in the capillary, where they mixed with luminol and the Cu(II) catalyst included in the running buffer. The capillary outlet was inserted into a batch-type chemiluminescence detection cell with hydrogen peroxide-supplemented electrolyte solution. Chemiluminescence was observed at the tip of the capillary outlet. The chemiluminescence peak from biomolecules appeared due to the enhancement of Cu(II) catalytic activity for luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. The Cu(II) was more catalytically active when it interacted with biomolecules forming Cu(II)-biomolecule complexes. In this study, biomolecules were directly separated and detected in a capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence detection system. Twenty alpha-amino acids, 4 peptides, and 11 proteins were examined. Most of them were detected with satisfactory CL intensity response. Glutamic acid, an alpha-amino acid, was detected at concentrations ranging from 2.0 x 10(-7) to 1.2 x 10(-5) M with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.0 x 10(-7) M (0.6 fmol). Glycylglycine, a peptide, was detected at concentrations ranging from 1.7 x 10(-7) to 1.2 x 10(-5) M with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.7 x 10(-7) M (0.9 fmol). Hemoglobin, a heme protein, in which the heme structure was independently catalytically active, was detected at concentrations ranging from 1.2 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-5) M with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.2 x 10(-7) M (0.6 fmol). Representative mixtures of alpha-amino acids and peptides were well detected with superior separation.
Preparation and characterization of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles with anticoagulant activity (2012)

The aim of this study was to produce and characterize nanoparticles (NPs), combining chondroitin sulfate (CS) and fucoidan (FC) with chitosan for therapeutic purposes. These NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential determination, and transmission electronic microscopy. The anticoagulant activity was determined for FC NPs and compared with FC solution at the same concentration. FC NPs showed regular shapes and better anticoagulant activity than free polysaccharide solution. FC solution did not affect coagulation compared to FC NPs, which increased up to two-fold, even at a lower concentration. Cytotoxicity and permeability tests were conducted using Caco-2 cell monolayer, exhibiting no toxic effect in this cell line and higher permeability for NP2 samples than FC solution at the same concentration.