gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>deep-orange</i> and <i>carnation</i> define distinct stages in late endosomal biogenesis in <i>Drosophila</i> melanogaster (2003)

Endosomal degradation is severely impaired in primary hemocytes from larvae of eye color mutants of Drosophila. Using high resolution imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy in these cells, products of eye color genes, deep-orange (dor) and carnation (car), are localized to large multivesicular Rab7-positive late endosomes containing Golgi-derived enzymes. These structures mature into small sized Dor-negative, Car-positive structures, which subsequently fuse to form tubular lysosomes. Defective endosomal degradation in mutant alleles of dor results from a failure of Golgi-derived vesicles to fuse with morphologically arrested Rab7-positive large sized endosomes, which are, however, normally acidified and mature with wild-type kinetics. This locates the site of Dor function to fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles with the large Rab7-positive endocytic compartments. In contrast, endosomal degradation is not considerably affected in car1 mutant; fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles and maturation of large sized endosomes is normal. However, removal of Dor from small sized Car-positive endosomes is slowed, and subsequent fusion with tubular lysosomes is abolished. Overexpression of Dor in car1 mutant aggravates this defect, implicating Car in the removal of Dor from endosomes. This suggests that, in addition to an independent role in fusion with tubular lysosomes, the Sec1p homologue, Car, regulates Dor function.
Trust in automation. Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation (1996)

Two experiments are reported which examined operators' trust in and use of the automation in a simulated supervisory process control task. Tests of the integrated model of human trust in machines proposed by Muir (1994) showed that models of interpersonal trust capture some important aspects of the nature and dynamics of human-machine trust. Results showed that operators' subjective ratings of trust in the automation were based mainly upon their perception of its competence. Trust was significantly reduced by any sign of incompetence in the automation, even one which had no effect on overall system performance. Operators' trust changed very little with experience, with a few notable exceptions. Distrust in one function of an automatic component spread to reduce trust in another function of the same component, but did not generalize to another independent automatic component in the same system, or to other systems. There was high positive correlation between operators' trust in and use of the automation; operators used automation they trusted and rejected automation they distrusted, preferring to do the control task manually. There was an inverse relationship between trust and monitoring of the automation. These results suggest that operators' subjective ratings of trust and the properties of the automation which determine their trust, can be used to predict and optimize the dynamic allocation of functions in automated systems.
Behavior of ions in SiO2 (1974)

Several methods that have been used to inject ions into layers of thermally grown SiO2 are reviewed and compared. We have studied the injection of various ionic species through the free surface of the oxide. A thin layer of a salt containing the desired ion is coated on the surface which is then charged with a corona discharge of the proper polarity. Some positive ions move through the oxide under these conditions while others do not. The determining factor is apparently the ionic radius. The smallest negative ion is F− and this shows some mobility under these conditions, though less than the smaller positive ions.
Rapid, efficient functional characterization and recovery of HIV-specific human CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells using microengraving (2012)

The nature of certain clinical samples (tissue biopsies, fluids) or the subjects themselves (pediatric subjects, neonates) often constrain the number of cells available to evaluate the breadth of functional T-cell responses to infections or therapeutic interventions. The methods most commonly used to assess this functional diversity ex vivo and to recover specific cells to expand in vitro usually require more than 10(6) cells. Here we present a process to identify antigen-specific responses efficiently ex vivo from 10(4)-10(5) single cells from blood or mucosal tissues using dense arrays of subnanoliter wells. The approach combines on-chip imaging cytometry with a technique for capturing secreted proteins--called "microengraving"--to enumerate antigen-specific responses by single T cells in a manner comparable to conventional assays such as ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining. Unlike those assays, however, the individual cells identified can be recovered readily by micromanipulation for further characterization in vitro. Applying this method to assess HIV-specific T-cell responses demonstrates that it is possible to establish clonal CD8(+) T-cell lines that represent the most abundant specificities present in circulation using 100- to 1,000-fold fewer cells than traditional approaches require and without extensive genotypic analysis a priori. This rapid (<24 h), efficient, and inexpensive process should improve the comparative study of human T-cell immunology across ages and anatomic compartments.
Magnetic anomaly sensing system for mine countermeasures using high mobility autonomous sensing platforms (2004)

Presents field test results from a new vector magnetometer-tensor gradiometer sensor system that is being developed, with support, localization and classification (DLC) of ferrous mines in surf zone/very shallow water environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the gradient contraction approach will provide autonomous sensing platforms with robust, three-dimensional mine detection and localization capabilities at ranges of several metres and at all angles of approach to mine-like magnetic targets. The sensor system's gradient contraction based target localization approach is particularly appropriate for DLC of magnetic targets from high mobility autonomous sensing platforms such as underwater bottom vehicles (or Navy divers) that frequently undergo large changes in velocity and orientation as they search for underwater and buried mines.
Remaking the Evidence Code: Search for Values (2009)

This article seeks to consider whether there is a case for 'remaking' the Evidence Act, which codified the 19th century English law of evidence, and if so, what values a new code should embrace. It argues that the current Act lacks a coherent value system and examines the various judicial approaches to reconcile the code with modern common law. Meta-theories justifying a modern law of evidence are also useful. Finally, the article outlines an argument that the concept of 'procedural fairness' should have a central role in remaking the code.
Mycoplasma in leukaemia. (1968)

sera from some leukaemic patients do neutralize growth of mycoplasma first isolated by Negroni, though the inhibitor has not been shown to be antibody, and these results do not solve the problem of the role of this mycoplasma in aetiology of leukaemia, but they make it more likely that it, or an antigenically related organism, does infect man.
High specificity of human secretory class II phospholipase A2 for phosphatidic acid (1997)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent lipid second messenger which stimulates platelet aggregation, cell proliferation and smooth-muscle contraction. The phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-catalysed hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid (PA) is thought to be a primary synthetic route for LPA. Of the multiple forms of PLA2 present in human tissues, human secretory class-II PLA2 (hs-PLA2) has been implicated in the production of LPA from platelets and whole blood cells challenged with inflammatory stimuli. To explore further the possibility that hs-PLA2 is involved in the production of LPA, we rigorously measured the phospholipid head group specificity of hs-PLA2 by a novel PLA2 kinetic system using polymerized mixed liposomes. Kinetic analysis of recombinant hs-PLA2 demonstrates that hs-PLA2 strongly prefers PA as substrate over other phospholipids found in the mammalian plasma membrane including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The order of preference is PA >> PE approximately PS > PC. To identify amino acid residues of hs-PLA2 that are involved in its unique substrate specificity, we mutated two residues, Glu-56 and Lys-69, which were shown to interact with the phospholipid head group in the X-ray-crystallographic structure of the hs-PLA2-transition-state-analogue complex. The K69Y mutant showed selective inactivation toward PA whereas the E56K mutant displayed a most pronounced inactivation to PE. Thus it appears that Lys-69 is at least partially involved in the PA specificity of hs-PLA2 and Glu-56 in the distinction between PE and PC. In conjunction with a recent cell study [Fourcade, Simon, Viode, Rugani, Leballe, Ragab, Fournie, Sarda and Chap (1995) Cell 80, 919-927], these studies suggest that hs-PLA2 can rapidly hydrolyse PA molecules exposed to the outer layer of cell-derived microvesicles and thereby produce LPA.
Monocyte adherence to fibronectin: role of CD11/CD18 integrins and relationship to other monocyte functions (1992)

Adherence of monocytes to extracellular matrix components is critical for their accumulation at sites of infection. To gain insight into the factors that regulate monocyte recruitment, we have studied monocyte adherence with regard to the regulatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the mechanisms involved; moreover, we have contrasted the phenotypes of adherent and nonadherent cells. Our results show that only a minor subpopulation of monocytes (20-25%) adhere spontaneously to fibronectin and that LPS stimulated a threefold increase in the proportion of adherent cells. Basal adherence and LPS-stimulated adherence of monocytes to fibronectin were substantially mediated by CD11/CD18 integrins. Further studies revealed that spontaneously adherent monocytes were 14-fold more actively phagocytic, released 1.6-fold more superoxide anion, and contained 20-fold more peroxidase activity than nonadherent cells, whereas LPS-adherent cells had an intermediate phenotype. These results indicate that LPS may enhance the accumulation of monocytes with an antimicrobial phenotype and thereby promote resolution of tissue infection.
Preparation of .alpha.-halo sulfoximines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of .alpha.-halo sulfoximinesCarl R. Johnson and H. Glenn CorkinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 21, 4136–4140Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00415a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00415a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Initiator and Diluent on the Photopolymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and on Properties of Hydrogels Obtained (1997)

A variety of photo-initiators and water-soluble diluents were used to study the photopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The rate of polymerization can be correlated to the structures as well as the concentration of initiators and diluents. It was found that, in terms of rate of polymerization, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone and glycerine were the best initiator and the best diluent among all initiators and diluents evaluated. The rate of polymerization was found to have a great impact on mechanical properties, while it showed only minor effects on water contents of hydrogels derived from HEMA.
QCM-D Analysis of the Performance of Blocking Agents on Gold and Polystyrene Surfaces (2008)

With today's developments of biosensors and medical implants comes the need for efficient reduction of nonspecific binding. We report on a comparison of the ability of traditionally used blocking agents and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives to prevent protein adsorption on both gold and polystyrene surfaces. The adsorption kinetics of blocking molecules and proteins was monitored gravimetrically using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The resistance to nonspecific adsorption was evaluated on gold and polystyrene surfaces coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or casein, gold coated with three different 6-11 ethylene glycol (EG) long hydroxyl- or methoxy-terminated PEG-thiolates and polystyrene blocked with a PLL-g-PEG or three different 12 EG long benzyl-PEG-derivatives. The prevention of protein adsorption on the coated surfaces was evaluated by monitoring the mass uptake at the addition of both pure prostate specific antigen (PSA) and seminal plasma. We demonstrate that on pure gold the PEG-thiols are superior to the other blocking molecules tested, with the end group and length of the PEG-thiols used being of minor importance. On polystyrene surfaces blocking with PLL-g-PEG, BSA and casein gave the best results. These results have an impact on further development of an optimized immunoassay protocol.
Particle size measurements using an optical variable-frequency-grid technique (1981)

A fringe visibility method for sizing particles 10 microm and larger has been developed. As the image of a particle scans across a variable frequency grid, the transmitted light signal oscillates with varying visibility. The visibility goes through a null at a well-defined point where the particle diameter approximates the local grid spacing. Several optical arrangements implementing the variable frequency grid technique have been tested. Using classified alumina and pulverized coal particles we obtained good agreement between size distributions measured by this technique and those from a commercial off-line analyzer. However, our optical arrangement and signal processing techniques require further development to reduce them to practice.
Infectivity and Replication Capacity of Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Isolated during Primary Infection (2003)

It is believed that replication capacity is an important determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenicity and transmissibility. To explore this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the replication properties of nine drug-resistant and nine drug-susceptible viral isolates derived from patients with primary HIV-1 infection. Viral isolates were tested for single-cycle infectivity in the GHOST cell line. The infectivity of isolates carrying resistance-associated mutations was significantly higher than that of drug-susceptible isolates. Additionally, the growth kinetics of these isolates were determined in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Drug-resistant isolates replicated as well as drug-susceptible viruses. Insertion of the resistance-conferring regions into an NL4-3-based molecular background resulted in chimeras that displayed a modest but significant reduction in replication capacity compared to the drug-susceptible chimeric viruses. Of note, two multidrug-resistant isolates and one protease inhibitor-resistant isolate displayed higher rates of infectivity and growth kinetics than the other drug-resistant or drug-susceptible isolates. These distinct replicative features, however, were not seen in the corresponding chimeras, indicating that changes within the C-terminal region of Gag as well as within the protease and reverse transcriptase genes contribute to but are not sufficient for the level of compensatory adaptation observed. These findings suggest that some drug-resistant viruses isolated during primary infection possess unique adaptive changes that allow for both high viral replication capacity and resistance to one or more classes of antiretroviral drugs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise regions that are essential for these characteristics.
Nanocrystalline ZnO based MEMS Gas Sensors with CMOS ASIC for Mining Applications (2008)

Abstract In this paper a nanocrystalline (nc) zinc oxide based hybrid gas sensor with signal conditioning ASIC has been reported for sensing and transmitting the information about methane concentration from the underground coalmine environment. A low power, low temperature nc zinc oxide MEMS based gas sensor has been designed, fabricated and tested for the purpose with a power consumption of ~70mW and sensitivity of 76.6 % at 1.0% methane concentration at a sensor operating temperature of 150°C. For transmitting the output of the gas sensor, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) chip integrated with a low noise amplifier has been fabricated in 0.3 5 μm CMOS technology to convert the voltage output of the gas sensor to desirable frequency. The power consumption of the chip has been obtained to be around 3mW. The amplifier gain is set suitably ~13 to apply the desirable control voltage (~1.2V-3.2V)to the VCO. The noise of the amplifier has 1/2 been obtained to be around 2μV/Hz . The output frequency of the VCO varies from 20kHz to 100kHz for the change in methane concentration from 0 to 1%. The output of the VCO chip can be applied as a modulating signal to a commercially available transceiver, which transmits the signal to the control room.
Apportionment Between Life Tenant and Remainderman of Loss on Defaulted Mortgage Security Held in Trust (1943)

Roosevelt v. Roosevelt, 5 Redf.264 (N.Y. Surr.1881) (adopting 5% as a rate of interest) In re Golden (1893) 1 Ch.292 (no reason given for the adoption of 4% interest)The Uniform Principal and Income Act, 9 Uniform Laws Ann.(1940 Supp.) 278, 281, Sec.11, lays down the following rule: "(2) Such income shall be the difference between the net proceeds received from the property and the amount which, had it been placed at simple interest at the rate of five per centum per annum for the period during which the change was delayed would have produced the net proceeds at the time of change, but in no event shall such income be more than the amount by which the net proceeds exceeds ' Numbers supplied.'Under the New York rule, where r is the mortgage rate of nterest, t, the time from default to the final realization on the prop-
Performance models of systems of multiple cluster tools (2002)

Over the last 15 years, many semiconductor processes have migrated to single-wafer vacuum cluster tools. Although performance models of these tools are found in the literature, they are usually restricted to the analysis of single tools, even if, inevitably, several such tools may be configured into systems, and operated as such. The objective of this work is to determine, using an equation-based model, the optimal configuration and operation of systems of cluster tools in the presence of scheduled maintenance. The two extremes in the spectrum of possible cluster configurations are the serial configuration, in which the modules in a cluster tool are all different (each representing a step in process sequence), and the more popular parallel configuration, in which the modules in a tool are identical. This paper predicts that systems of parallel-configured tools can offer higher throughputs than their serial-configured counterparts. However, this advantage may be slight when equipment downtime is relatively schedulable and infrequent, in which case the serial configuration may be preferable because of its superior cycle times. We also derive the optimal lot size and lot release policy for systems of cluster tools. We conclude that cluster tools will gradually migrate from parallel configurations to serial as cluster tools become more reliable and/or cycle time becomes more important.
CD40Ig treatment results in allograft acceptance mediated by CD8+CD45RClow T cells, IFN-γ, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (2007)

Treatment with CD40Ig results in indefinite allograft survival in a complete MHC-mismatched heart allograft model in the rat. Here we show that serial second, third, and fourth adoptive transfers of total splenocytes from CD40Ig-treated recipients into secondary recipients led to indefinite donor-specific allograft acceptance. Purification of splenocyte subpopulations from CD40Ig-treated recipients demonstrated that only the adoptively transferred CD8(+)CD45RC(low) subset resulted in donor-specific long-term survival, whereas CD8(+)CD45RC(low) T cells from naive animals did not. Accepted grafts displayed increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression restricted in the graft to ECs. Coculture of donor ECs with CD8(+)CD45RC(low) T cells purified from CD40Ig-treated animals resulted in donor-specific IDO expression dependent on IFN-gamma. Neutralization of IFN-gamma or IDO triggered acute allograft rejection in both CD40Ig-treated and adoptively transferred recipients. This study demonstrates for what we believe to be the first time that interference in CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) interactions induces allospecific CD8(+) Tregs that maintain allograft survival. CD8(+)CD45RC(low) T cells act through IFN-gamma production, which in turn induces IDO expression by graft ECs. Thus, donor alloantigen-specific CD8(+) Tregs may promote local graft immune privilege through IDO expression.
Facile Syntheses of Enantiopure 3-Hydroxypiperidine Derivatives and 3-Hydroxypipecolic Acids (2010)

Facile syntheses of enantiopure trans- and cis-3-hydroxypiperidine derivatives and 3-hydroxypipecolic acids are reported, featuring Rh-catalyzed cyclohydrocarbonylation through common intermediates. A diaxial conformation in a 2,3-disubstituted N-Boc-piperidinyl structure is revealed by an X-ray crystallographic analysis.