gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat. (2002)

In mammals, exposure to androgens early in development is essential for masculinization of the male reproductive phenotype. Male fetuses exposed to antiandrogens during perinatal life are permanently demasculinized in their morphology and physiology, whereas exposure to exogenous androgens permanently masculinizes females. In some litter-bearing species, proximity(italic) in utero(/italic) of females to males can partially masculinize female siblings and alter their responsiveness to endocrine-disrupting compounds. However, in our strain of rat (CD-SD Charles River), intrauterine position does not significantly influence testosterone concentrations and anogenital distance of fetuses. In comparison, administration of testosterone propionate to pregnant females, at doses that doubled fetal female testosterone levels, did masculinize the reproductive system. Discovery of androgen-active chemicals in the environment has placed increased emphasis on describing the reproductive and behavioral effects of both natural and environmental androgens and antiandrogens. Recently, the effects of an antiandrogen, vinclozolin, on the brain and behavior were cited as a special concern by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its risk assessment of this pesticide. In rats, one such behavior that is perinatally organized by androgens is social play. Males play more than females, and administration of exogenous androgens during the neonatal period alters the juvenile expression of this sexually dimorphic behavior. Vinclozolin is an androgen receptor antagonist that inhibits androgen-dependent tissue growth in vivo. We were interested in whether developmental exposure to vinclozolin could also alter androgen-dependent behaviors such as play. Neonatal male rats were injected on postnatal days (PNDs) 2 and 3 with corn oil, the pharmacologic antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg), or vinclozolin (200 mg/kg). On PNDs 36-37 animals were observed for social play. Behaviors associated with general social activity such as sniffing and dorsal contact were unaffected by treatment. However, play behavior in males treated with flutamide or vinclozolin was significantly reduced, resembling levels of play characteristic of females rather than untreated males. Therefore, this study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to vinclozolin, an environmental antiandrogen, can alter androgen-dependent play behavior in the male rat.
Why not make a PC cluster of your own? 5. AppleSeed: A Parallel Macintosh Cluster for Scientific Computing (2003)

We have constructed a parallel cluster consisting of Apple Macintosh G4 computers running both Classic Mac OS as well as the Unix-based Mac OS X, and have achieved very good performance on numerically intensive, parallel plasma particle-in-cell simulations. Unlike other Unix-based clusters, no special expertise in operating systems is required to build and run the cluster. This enables us to move parallel computing from the realm of experts to the mainstream of computing.
A Preliminary Study of Dopamine Transporter Binding in Bipolar and Unipolar Depressed Patients and Healthy Controls (2007)

These data suggest that striatal DAT density may be increased in bipolar and unipolar depressed patients compared to controls, and that bipolar and unipolar depressed patients may have a different pattern of striatal DAT binding.
Nesprin-1 plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of nesprin‑1 protein and its effects on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were cultured in DMEM and surface-associated antigens of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of nesprin-1 was detected by immunoﬂuorescence and western blot analysis. A lentiviral vector expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting nesprin-1 was constructed (LV-siNesprin-1) and the MSCs were subsequently transfected with this vector. Another group of MSCs was transfected with the LV-GFP vector and another group of untransfected cells was used as the controls (normal group). The protein expression level of nesprin-1 in the 3 groups of MSCs (LV-siNesprin-1, LV-GFP and normal group) was measured by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. DAPI was used to stain the nucleus of the MSCs. The MSCs appeared spindle-shaped with irregular processes and were positive for CD90, CD29 and negative for CD45. Nesprin-1 protein was found in the nuclear membrane. The protein expression of nesprin-1 in the LV-siNesprin-1 group was lower than that in the LV-GFP (P=0.03) and normal group (P=0.028); this difference was significant (P<0.05). The cell proliferation of the MSCs transfected with LV-siNesprin-1 was reduced; the apoptotic rate was higher in the LV-siNesprin-1 group compared with the other 2 groups (LV-GFP and normal group) (P=0.032, P=0.025, respectively; P<0.05). The changes in the morphology of the nucleus in the LV-siNesprin-1 group included fusion and fragmentation. In conclusion, the data presented in this study indicate that nesprin-1 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of MSCs; our results are consistent with those from previous studies. Thus, nesprin-1 protein plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of MSCs.
Levator ani injury in primiparous women with forceps delivery for fetal distress, forceps for second stage arrest, and spontaneous delivery (2010)

Women delivered by forceps have a higher rate of levator ani injury compared with spontaneous delivery controls; the difference between the forceps groups did not reach significance.
A biochemical mechanism for the delayed cytotoxic reaction of 6-mercaptopurine. (1974)

6-Thioguanosine-35S and β-2′-deoxythioguanosine-35S were identified in venom hydrolysates of RNA and DNA isolated from 6-mercaptopurine (MP)-35S-treated L5178Y cell cultures. Digestion with purified phosphodiesterases demonstrated that MP is incorporated as thioguanine (TG) nucleosides in 3′,5′-phosphodiester linkages in DNA and RNA. 3′-Nucleotides of TG-35S were released from 35S-labeled DNA and RNA by digestion with micrococcal nuclease plus spleen phosphodiesterase. The 5′-ribonucleotide of TG-35S was released from 35S-labeled RNA by digestion with venom phosphodiesterase, and the 5′-deoxyribonucleotide of TG-35S was released from 35S-labeled DNA by digestion with pancreatic deoxyribonuclease plus venom phosphodiesterase.

A relationship between delayed cytotoxicity and incorporation of MP as TG into nucleic acids was apparent in the following observations. Mycophenolic acid protected L5178Y cells against the delayed cytotoxic effect of MP and suppressed MP incorporation into nucleic acids. A spontaneous development of partial tolerance to MP in two lines of L5178Y cells was associated with a reduced capacity for incorporation of MP as TG into DNA and RNA. 6-Methylthioinosine potentiated cytotoxic effects of MP in a partially tolerant cell line and stimulated incorporation of MP into DNA and RNA. Nucleic acid-incorporated TG was the major thiopurine derivative in MP-sensitive cells at the time of the delayed cytotoxic reaction to MP exposure.

Pulse exposure of cells to equitoxic concentrations of MP-35S and TG-35S resulted in similar levels of incorporation of TG-35S in nucleic acids. The delayed cytotoxic activity of MP is probably a consequence of MP anabolism to TG nucleotides followed by incorporation of the latter into DNA. It is likely that the same biochemical mechanism is responsible for delayed cytotoxic effects of both MP and TG.
Performance considerations of PFC switching regulators based on non-cascading structures (2006)

This paper discusses the characteristics of power-factor-correction (PFC) switching regulators of non-cascading structures in terms of efficiency, input current harmonic distortion, and load transient response. The discussion begins with simplified power flow diagrams of the non-cascading PFC switching regulators and describes their essential features for achieving power factor correction and tight voltage regulation. Based on these diagrams, the various configurations of switching regulators can be classified into three categories, each offering a different possibility of performance tradeoffs. The first category permits tradeoff between efficiency and input current harmonic contents, the second permits tradeoff between efficiency and load transient response, and the third allows tradeoffs among all performance areas. The paper briefly reviews the non-cascading structures of PFC switching regulators in terms of the three categories. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance tradeoffs in these PFC switching regulators.
Complement-Mediated Bactericidal Activity of Human Antibodies to Poly  2->8 N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, the Capsular Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B (1995)

Serum antibodies to Neisseria meningitidis group B (MenB) polysaccharide are reported not to elicit bacteriolysis in the presence of human complement. To reexamine this question, we evaluated the ability of two human IgM anti-MenB polysaccharide monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and seven human MenB polysaccharide-reactive human IgM paraproteins to elicit bacteriolysis. In the presence of human complement, both MAbs and five of the seven paraproteins were bactericidal at antibody concentrations of 0.25-9.6 micrograms/mL (50% killing). Activity of the respective antibodies was enhanced 200- to > 10,000-fold when rabbit complement was used instead of human complement. With rabbit complement, the bactericidal activity of human IgM polyclonal antibody or MAb to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide but not human IgG polyclonal antibody or MAb to Hib polysaccharide was similarly augmented. Thus, for both MenB and Hib, IgM antipolysaccharide antibodies elicit complement-mediated bactericidal activity in the presence of human complement, and the use of rabbit complement yields spuriously high activity.
Via-hole etching for SiC (1999)

Four different F2-based plasma chemistries for high-rate etching of SiC under inductively coupled plasma (ICP) conditions were examined. Much higher rates (up to 8000 Å min−1) were achieved with NF3 and SF6 compared with BF3 and PF5, in good correlation with their bond energies and their dissociation efficiency in the ICP source. Three different materials (Al, Ni, and indium–tin oxide) were compared as possible masks during deep SiC etching for through-wafer via holes. Al appears to produce the best etch resistance, particularly when O2 is added to the plasma chemistry. With the correct choice of plasma chemistry and mask material, ICP etching appears to be capable of producing via holes in SiC substrates.
Bioassays and Field Studies for Allelopathy in Terrestrial Plants: Progress and Problems (2003)

Bioassays are an integral part of allelopathy research. The unsuitability of laboratory bioassays to explain field situations is discussed previously. In this article, we discuss progress in bioassay experimental design and several unresolved problems associated with research on allelopathy. The objectives of this article are to discuss problems related to (1) collection of allelopathic material for bioassay, (2) allelochemical quantification in bioassays, (3) selection of concentration of allelochemicals in bioassay, (4) selection of appropriate control, (5) interaction between allelochemicals and other substances, and (6) in situ allelochemical bioassays. We concluded that new experimental designs for in situ bioassay are needed that can account for the large number of confounding factors in a complex field environment, and can be linked to physiological monitoring of target species and biochemical monitoring of the growth medium. Referee: Dr. Stella Elakovich, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 390406-5043
Size matters: large group methods and the process of operational research (2002)

This paper will briefly outline some of the reasons for the burgeoning interest in working with the widest range of individuals in an organisation. The paper will explore the emergence of methods and processes to tackle large group work. It will then go on to describe, via case studies, a few methods that have been used in large-scale interventions. The paper will end with some reflections on working with large groups and explore some proposals for the process of OR.
Effects of temperature and humidity on the efficacy of methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>challenged antimicrobial materials containing silver and copper (2009)

The high efficacy levels displayed by the copper alloys, at temperature and humidity levels typical of indoor environments, compared to the low efficacy of the silver ion-containing material under the same conditions, favours the use of copper alloys as antimicrobial materials in indoor environments such as hospitals.
Preparation of (S)-(—)-Amlodipine Besylate Dihydrate (2004)

S)-(-)-Amlodipine besylate dihydrate was prepared from (±)-amlodipine using D-(-)-tartraic acidas resolving agent and then salification with benzenesulfonic acid in a yield of 67% and optical purity of nearly 100%.
Automatic Induction of Rules of e-mail Classification (2001)

Many users receive large amounts of email. Since a substantial part of that mail is kept for future reference, it is unsurprising that many mail tools allow users to create filtering rules that automatically do actions like saving mail in suitable folders. Unfortunately, most users do not make much use of this facility. This paper describes the i-ems project which explores approaches to building a system to assist users in managing electronic mail. It does this by learning rules for classifying email so that it can assist the user in filing messages. This classification is also a precondition to automated action on behalf of the user and we are particularly interested in using it as part of a smart personal assistant. We begin with a review of similar work and identify the core issues for the i-ems project. We relate the past work to classic information retrieval work in text classification and discuss the major new issues that we need to address. We present a simple user interface which automatically learns rules to improve the user&apos;s overall interaction with the email manager. We also present empirical results which compare four different learning approaches as email is progressively provided.
SP 800-22 Rev. 1a. A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications (2010)

This paper discusses some aspects of selecting and testing random and pseudorandom number generators. The outputs of such generators may be used in many cryptographic applications, such as the generation of key material. Generators suitable for use in cryptographic applications may need to meet stronger requirements than for other applications. In particular, their outputs must be unpredictable in the absence of knowledge of the inputs. Some criteria for characterizing and selecting appropriate generators are discussed in this document. The subject of statistical testing and its relation to cryptanalysis is also discussed, and some recommended statistical tests are provided. These tests may be useful as a first step in determining whether or not a generator is suitable for a particular cryptographic application. However, no set of statistical tests can absolutely certify a generator as appropriate for usage in a particular application, i.e., statistical testing cannot serve as a substitute for cryptanalysis. The design and cryptanalysis of generators is outside the scope of this paper.
Poor outcome in steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease with antithymocyte globulin treatment (2002)

Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has relied on high-dose steroids, but less than 50% of patients show durable remission. Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has become a standard salvage therapy. We now report our experience with ATG for the treatment of steroid-refractory GVHD in 69 patients treated from January 1, 1980, to May 1, 1999. Patients with GVHD were given an overall grade using standard criteria. Overall responses were similar to those in previously published literature. However, long-term survival for this group of patients was dismal. Of the 69 patients treated with ATG for steroid-refractory GVHD, only 3 (5%) are currently alive. The median survival of these patients by GVHD grade was 4.1 months for grade 2, 3.6 months for grade 3, and 2.7 months for grade 4. The age range of the surviving patients was 3 to 25 years. Only 5% of the deaths were due to relapse, with the remaining deaths due to GVHD, infection, and/or organ failure. In conclusion, ATG treatment can produce objective responses in patients with aGVHD, but these responses do not result in long-term survival. Given the poor survival rates of patients treated with ATG for steroid-refractory GVHD, treatment with ATG as standard therapy should be reconsidered. Patients with steroid-refractory GVHD should be enrolled in clinical study until there are data to support a standard salvage therapy.
Flow-based identification of botnet traffic by mining multiple log files (2008)

Botnet detection and disruption has been a major research topic in recent years. One effective technique for botnet detection is to identify Command and Control (C&C) traffic, which is sent from a C&C center to infected, hosts (bots) to control the bots. If this traffic can be detected, both the C&C center and the bots it controls can be detected, and the botnet can be disrupted. We propose a multiple log-file based temporal correlation technique for detecting C&C traffic. Our main assumption is that bots respond much faster than humans. By temporally correlating two host-based log files, we are able to detect this property and thereby detect bot activity in a host machine. In our experiments we apply this technique to log files produced by tcpdump and exedump, which record all incoming and outgoing network packets, and the start times of application executions at the host machine, respectively. We apply data mining to extract relevant features from these log files and detect C&C traffic. Our experimental results validate our assumption and show better overall performance when compared to other recently published techniques.
A broad-band printed circuit hybrid ring power divider (1989)

The design of a broadband ring power divider that provides substantial improvement in coupling and phase characteristics over a wide frequency range compared to that of a conventional hybrid ring is presented. It is shown that the new power divider design can be easily constructed using realizable impedances and is applicable to both equal and unequal power divisions. Experimental verification of the broadband power divider was achieved in a stripline configuration at Ku-band for an equal power divider and a 3-dB power divider. Close agreement was observed between theoretical and experimental results for both of the power dividers. The usable bandwidth of the broadband power divider is approximately 45%. It is concluded that this broadband power divider is particularly suited for a narrowband low-sidelobe antenna array beam-forming network, for it provides substantially improved amplitude and phase characteristics, a requirement for low-sidelobe array antennas, and good isolation between output ports.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Portable video-oculography device for implementation in sideline concussion assessments: A prototype (2016)

Concussion is currently a serious health problem and can lead to severe brain dysfunction. There is a definite need for sensitive and reliable tests to detect and evaluate the subtle changes in brain function caused by concussion. This study details the development of a low cost portable eye tracking device that can aid in the detection of concussions. The device evaluates ocular motor function and can be used on the sidelines of sporting events to give a quick indication of the severity of head trauma. It can further be used to evaluate and monitor mild Traumatic Brain Injuries and aid in the return to play decision making process. Preliminary results show good accuracy and a fact test administration time. The device shows promise and will be tested in a large scale clinical trial.
Measurement based throughput evaluation of residual frequency offset compensation in WiMAX (2009)

WiMAX utilizes a physical-layer based on OFDM that is very sensitive to carrier frequency offset. Even though most of this offset can be compensated using the initial training sequence, there still remains a residual frequency offset due to estimation errors. The methods proposed to correct for this remaining offset are mostly tested by means of pure simulation. In this work, we present outdoor-to-indoor WiMAX measurements in an alpine scenario in which four residual frequency offset compensation schemes are investigated. We evaluate the performance of these schemes in terms of measured throughput rather than only frequency offset estimation error. If a-priori knowledge of the previous receive frame is exploited in a symbol-wise frequency offset estimator, the measurement results show worse performance than simulations predict. Consistent with simulations, the data-aided method effectively compensates the throughput loss due to the residual frequency offset.
Comparison of serum antibodies to pneumolysin with those to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in children with acute otitis media (1996)

Serum antibodies to pneumolysin can be detected at an earlier age than those to the capsular polysaccharides. However, a seroconversion is rare and therefore of no diagnostic value. The presence of serum IgG to the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides seems beneficial in the prevention of pneumococcal otitis.
Cytologie Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors (1986)

Cytologic and histologic examination of 91 canine mammary masses was performed by two cytologists and two histopathologists. Ten important cytologic criteria of malignancy for canine mammary tumors were identified. A cytologic grading system for differentiation of benign from malignant mammary tumors was proposed using these criteria. With this system, approximately one fourth of the malignant mammary tumors were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis. Approximately one-half of the benign masses were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis by the two cytologists. One-half of all the tumors examined were given inconclusive cytologic diagnoses by both cytologists. The cytologic identification of spindle cells did not differentiate complex and mixed mammary tumors from simple tumors. Only five of the animals studied died of mammary cancer, precluding a critical analysis of the cytologic criteria for prediction of cancer mortality.