gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering at colloidal silver oxide surfaces (1994)

Abstract A colloidal silver oxide hydrosol was prepared for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Its performance as a SERS‐active substrate was tested using benzoic acid and 1,1′‐diethyl‐2,2′cyanine iodide as analytes. SERS and surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering were observed for the adsorbed samples. In the preparation of the sol, the relative amounts of reagents should be an important factor in affecting the surface enhancement of the substrate. The surface enhancement activity of the colloidal hydrosol might indicate that silver oxide films generated in the electrochemical oxidation of a silver electrode could enhance the Raman spectra of adsorbed molecules and/or passivated films.
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production by T cell receptor-primed T lymphocytes is a target for low dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective immunosuppressive agent in various chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its mechanisms of action are only partially understood. In this study, we assessed the effects of MTX on the differentiation of peripheral blood (PB) CD4+CD45RA 'naive' and CD4+CD45RO 'memory' T cells from healthy controls and patients with RA. Accordingly, purified T cells were primed and restimulated in vitro via the T cell receptor (TCR) in the presence of IL-2 to generate effector T cells secreting large amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. We observed that low doses of MTX strongly suppress TNF and to a lesser extent interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells from both healthy donors and RA patients when present during T cell priming via the TCR. Similar data were obtained for TCR-primed synovial fluid mononuclear cells in RA. In contrast, production of IL-4 by TCR-primed CD45RA T cells was significantly increased upon MTX treatment. Interestingly, MTX did not enhance IL-4 production when present during restimulation of effector CD45RO T cells, although it still suppressed TNF production. The results indicate that MTX effects depend on the stage of T cell activation and identify TNF production by TCR-primed T lymphocytes as a target for low-dose MTX treatment in RA. These findings could explain the delayed clinical effects of MTX and may contribute to its potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Distribution of Androgen Receptor and Inhibits Androgen Response in Prostate Smooth Muscle Cells<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Stromal-epithelial interactions in the prostate gland are dependent on androgen regulation of prostate stromal cells, yet little is known about androgen action in these cell types. Recent reports have demonstrated that androgen-regulated gene transcription can be stimulated or inhibited by certain growth factors, indicating cross-talk mechanisms. To address potential cross-talk in signaling pathways between androgen and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) in prostate stromal cells, the PS-1 prostate smooth muscle cell line was examined. In the presence of physiological concentrations of androgen, PS-1 cell proliferation was stimulated, and androgen receptor (AR) exhibited a nuclear localization pattern. The addition of TGFbeta1 (25 pM) was capable of blocking androgen-induced proliferation, but had no direct effect in cultures without androgen. Immunocytochemistry to localize AR subcellular distribution showed that TGFbeta1 (5-100 pM) altered the distribution of AR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Other growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2, epidermal growth factor, and TGFbeta2 had no effect on AR distribution. The TGFbeta1-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic change in receptor localization was rapid (initiated within 30 min), was neutralized by TGFbeta1 antibodies, did not require new protein synthesis, and was complete by 6 h. Removal of TGFbeta1 from the culture medium resulted in a rapid redistribution of AR to the nucleus, indicating reversible mechanisms. Northern analysis of the ddp17 marker transcript for androgen action in PS-1 cells showed that androgen-stimulated ddp17 expression was inhibited in the presence of TGFbeta1 (25 pM). TGFbeta1 induced a similar nuclear to cytoplasmic distribution of AR in primary cultures of rat prostate stromal cells. TGFbeta1, however, had no effect on AR distribution in either the LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cell line or the DDT1MF-2 leiomyosarcoma cell line. Specific cross-talk between TGFbeta1 and AR signaling pathways in prostate stromal cells may play a significant role in prostate development and stromal cell response in carcinoma progression.
A lost packet recovery technique using convolutional coding in high speed networks (2002)

Packet loss due to buffer overflow during congested traffic conditions is expected to be a major source of performance degradation in future high speed networks. Forward error correction can be employed in these networks to improve the end-to-end system performance by reconstructing lost packets at the receiver, thereby avoiding retransmissions. The authors study the feasibility of using convolutional coding for recovering lost packets. They propose a high-speed convolutional decoding technique and demonstrate its applicability in ATM networks at the ATM Adaptation Layer to recover lost packets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-collision avoidance for n-link redundant manipulators (2002)

The self-collision avoidance problem for n-link redundant manipulators is treated via two approaches. One is to model the manipulator links as cylinders and check the intersection for all the pairs of the cylindrical links algorithmically in real time. The other consists of using the polygon approach to determine the safe moving range of each joint which guarantees no self-collision, like the human arm. Two objective functions were proposed which have the physical meaning of the maximum energy consumption and the maximum flexibility. The algorithm was applied to several redundant systems to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
API Virtualization for Platform Openness in Android (2016)

We propose a new technique called API virtualization to enable open innovation in mobile platforms. API virtualization allows third-party developers to statically inject custom code that replaces the original implementation of a platform API class. By injecting custom code into a binary of an Android app, the app uses the custom code instead of the original API implementation without requiring any platform modification. This allows open innovation in the mobile platforms.
Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology (2005)

These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
Social Machines for All (2018)

In today's interconnected world, people interact to a unprecedented degree through the use of digital platforms and services, forming complex 'social machines'. These are now homes to autonomous agents as well as people, providing an open space where human and computational intelligence can mingle---a new frontier for distributed agent systems. However, participants typically have limited autonomy to define and shape the machines they are part of. In this paper, we envision a future where individuals are able to develop their own Social Machines, enabling them to interact in a trustworthy, decentralized way. To make this possible, development methods and tools must see their barriers-to-entry dramatically lowered. People should be able to specify the agent roles and interaction patterns in an intuitive, visual way, analyse and test their designs and deploy them as easy to use systems. We argue that this is a challenging but realistic goal, which should be tackled by navigating the trade-off between the accessibility of the design methods --primarily the modelling formalisms-- and their expressive power. We support our arguments by drawing ideas from different research areas including electronic institutions, agent-based simulation, process modelling, formal verification, and model-driven engineering.
A learning algorithm for analog, fully recurrent neural networks (1989)

A learning algorithm for recurrent neural networks is derived. This algorithm allows a network to learn specified trajectories in state space in response to various input sequences. The network dynamics are described by a system of coupled differential equations that specify the continuous change of the unit activities and weights over time. The algorithm is nonlocal, in that a change in the connection weight between two units may depend on the values for some of the weights between different units. However, the operation of a learned network (fixed weights) is local. If the network units are specified to behave like electronic amplifiers, then an analog implementation of the learned network is straightforward. An example demonstrates the use of the algorithm in a completely connected network of four units. The network creates a limit cycle attractor in order to perform the specified task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tenerife cheese: initial characterization of plantaricin TF711, a bacteriocin-like substance produced by<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>TF711 (2005)

Plantaricin TF711 was found to have potential for use as a biopreservative in the food industry.
Studies in Chemotherapy. VII. A Theory of the Relation of Structure to Activity of Sulfanilamide Type Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Chemotherapy. VII. A Theory of the Relation of Structure to Activity of Sulfanilamide Type Compounds1Paul H. Bell and Richard O. Roblin Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 12, 2905–2917Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01264a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01264a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1067Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FlexStylus (2016)

The FlexStylus is a prototype system that embeds sensors measuring analog flex input in a computer stylus. Through fiber optic sensing, the device detects both absolute extent and angle of flexion. The device was designed to allow these two channels of analog input, as well as derived parameters such as rate and relative motion, to augment the basic x/y functionality of a computer stylus. The goal of this augmentation is to improve a digital artist's ability to control their work through tactile manipulation, as well as expand the artist's range of expression and effects. We also introduce the use of flex input to create an additional pointing space, allowing for the execution of gestural drawing commands without moving the tip of the pen.
Primary and secondary superresolution by data inversion (2006)

Superresolution by data inversion is the extrapolation of measured Fourier data to regions outside the measurement bandwidth using post processing techniques. Here we characterize superresolution by data inversion for objects with finite support using the twin concepts of primary and secondary superresolution, where primary superresolution is the essentially unbiased portion of the superresolved spectra and secondary superresolution is the remainder. We show that this partition of superresolution into primary and secondary components can be used to explain why some researchers believe that meaningful superresolution is achievable with realistic signal-to-noise ratios, and other researchers do not.
Photolithographic patterning of bihelical tracks onto conical substrates (2007)

We demonstrate the direct photolithographic patterning of a grossly nonplanar substrate by creating 62-µm helical tracks on a 22-mm-high cone. The projection of focused light onto the 3-D surface is achieved using a computer-generated hologram (CGH) suitably illuminated so as to create the required pattern on the photoresist-coated surface. The approach adopted forms the basis of a novel method for patterning nonplanar structures. We address the key challenges encountered for the implementation of holographic photolithography in three dimensions, including mask design and manufacture, exposure compensation, mask alignment, and chemical processing. Control of linewidth and resolution over the nonplanar surface is critical. We describe the methods adopted and critically assess the structures created by this process. The bihelical cone is representative of a broadband, high-frequency coil-like structure, known in wireless communications as a log-periodic antenna.
A framework for key management in mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

Recently proposed key management systems (KMSs) provide limited functionality in highly partitioned mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper we present a framework for key management that provides redundancy and robustness for security association (SA) establishment between pairs of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks. Our KMS uses a modified hierarchical trust public key infrastructure (PKI) model in which nodes can dynamically assume management roles. The system ensures high service availability for the network members through a number of schemes. A novel behavior grading mechanism provides security criteria for the network nodes and aids the management functions of the KMS to revoke or reissue certificates for nodes. This mechanism is based on the notion of trust, and more specifically on SAs among nodes in the entire network. In this paper we give an overview of the framework of the system and present a performance analysis of the system based on certificate issuance and acquisition. Finally, we compare our KMS with threshold cryptography schemes.
Dynamics of Low-Interfacial-Tension Imbibition in Oil-Wet Carbonates (2019)

Summary Surfactants induce spontaneous imbibition of water into oil-wet porous media by wettability alteration and interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction. Although the dependence of imbibition on wettability alteration is well-understood, the role of IFT is not as clear. This is partly because, at low IFT values, most water/oil/amphiphile(s) mixtures form emulsions and/or microemulsions, suggesting that the imbibition is accompanied by a phase change, which has been neglected or incorrectly accounted for in previous studies. In this paper, spontaneous displacement of oil from oil-wet porous media by microemulsion-forming surfactants is investigated through simulations and the results are compared with existing experimental data for low-permeability cores with different aspect ratios and permeabilities. Microemulsion viscosity and oil contact angles, with and without surfactant, were measured to better initialize and constrain the simulation model. Results show that with such processes, the imbibition rate and the oil recovery scale differently with core dimensions. Specifically, the rate of imbibition is faster in cores with larger diameter and height, but the recovery factor is smaller when the core aspect ratio deviates considerably from unity. With regard to the mechanism of water uptake, our results suggest, for the first time, that (i) microemulsion formation (i.e., fluid/fluid interface phenomenon) is fast and favored over the wettability alteration (i.e., rock-surface phenomenon) in short times; (ii) a complete wettability transition from an oil-wet to a mixed microemulsion-wet and surfactant-wet state always occurs at ultralow IFT; (iii) wettability alteration causes a more uniform imbibition profile along the core but creates a more diffused imbibition front; and (iv) total emulsification is a strong assumption and fails to describe the dynamics and the scaling of imbibition. Wettability alteration affects the imbibition dynamics locally by changing the composition path, and at a distance by changing the flow behavior. Simulations predict that even though water is not initially present, it forms inside the core. The implications of these results for optimizing the design of low-IFT imbibition are discussed.
5,5-Dimethylhydantoins Containing a -NRR' Substituent<sup>1</sup> (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5,5-Dimethylhydantoins Containing a -NRR' Substituent1Henry R. Henze and J. Wm. MageeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 4, 912–913Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01861a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hedging With a Put Option (1999)

Put options are a pricing tool with considerable flexibility for managing price risk.The main advantages of a put option are protection against lower prices, limited liability with no margin deposits, and the potential to benefit from higher prices.Futures contracts alone cannot provide this combination of downside price insurance and upside potential.The put provides leverage in obtaining credit, assists in production management decisions, and has a formal set of contract provisions and known procedures for settling disputes.The cost is paid at the time of purchase and basis risk remains until fixed, or the crop is sold.Each option represents a standardized quantity linked to a futures contract, and trades must go through a commodity broker.
Synthetic DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Delivery of Anti–CTLA-4 Antibodies Induces Tumor Shrinkage <i>In Vivo</i> (2018)

Antibody-based immune therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have affected cancer therapy. However, this immune therapy requires complex manufacturing and frequent dosing, limiting the global use of this treatment. Here, we focused on the development of a DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) approach for delivery of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies <i>in vivo</i> With this technology, engineered and formulated DMAb plasmids encoding IgG inserts were directly injected into muscle and delivered intracellularly by electroporation, leading to <i>in vivo</i> expression and secretion of the encoded IgG. DMAb expression from a single dose can continue for several months without the need for repeated administration. Delivery of an optimized DMAb encoding anti-mouse CTLA-4 IgG resulted in high serum levels of the antibody as well as tumor regression in Sa1N and CT26 tumor models. DNA-delivery of the anti-human CTLA-4 antibodies ipilimumab and tremelimumab in mice achieved potent peak levels of approximately 85 and 58 μg/mL, respectively. These DMAb exhibited prolonged expression, with maintenance of serum levels at or above 15 μg/mL for over a year. Anti-human CTLA-4 DMAbs produced <i>in vivo</i> bound to human CTLA-4 protein expressed on stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced T-cell activation in a functional assay <i>ex vivo</i> In summary, direct <i>in vivo</i> expression of DMAb encoding checkpoint inhibitors serves as a novel tool for immunotherapy that could significantly improve availability and provide broader access to such therapies.<b>Significance:</b> DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies represent a novel technology for delivery and expression of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, thus expanding patient access to, and possible clinical applications of, these therapies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(22); 6363-70. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Solutions to the Problem (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: When and How to Authenticate Fastwords: Adapting Passwords to Constrained Keyboards Deriving PINs from Passwords Visual Preference Authentication The Deadly Sins of Security User Interfaces SpoofKiller—Let's Kiss Spoofing Goodbye! Device Identification and Intelligence How can we Determine if a Device is Infected or not?