gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxin inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced adhesion of neutrophils to coronary endothelial cells by a nitric oxide‐mediated mechanism (2003)

Neutrophil margination within blood vessels is an early finding during myocardial ischemia and can result in myocardial tissue injury. This phenomenon depends on the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, which allow leukocyte extravasation. The hormone relaxin (RLX) was found to protect against experimental myocardial injury and to reduce neutrophil extravasation into the inflamed tissues. This study addresses the role of RLX in down-regulating endothelial adhesiveness to neutrophils and the possible involvement of NO, an anti-adhesive molecule, in the mechanism of action of RLX. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed rat coronary endothelial RCE) cells and neutrophils were co-cultured and their adhesion was quantified in the absence and presence of RLX, alone or together with the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NMMA. Inactivated RLX was used as control for specificity of the RLX effect. A 24-h incubation of LPS-primed RCE cells with RLX (60 and 600 ng/ml) caused a significant reduction of adherent neutrophils and of endothelial expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin and VCAM-1 protein and mRNA, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RT-PCR. These effects of RLX were blunted by L-NMMA and were not reproduced by inactivated RLX. These findings suggest that RLX has anti-inflammatory properties that could be of benefit in ischemic heart disease.
Effects of electric current on man (1941)

With increasing use of electric fences, insect screens, and other devices having exposed electrodes, information on the magnitude of electric current that is safe for human beings becomes of great importance in determining regulations and safety codes. The authors report the results of experiments showing the maximum 60-cycle alternating current and direct current which the average man can withstand with reasonable safety.
Hardware-Based Job Queue Management for Manycore Architectures and OpenMP Environments (2011)

The seemingly interminable dwindle of technology feature sizes well into the nano-scale regime has afforded computer architects with an abundance of computational resources on a single chip. The Chip Multi-Processor (CMP) paradigm is now seen as the de facto architecture for years to come. However, in order to efficiently exploit the increasing number of on-chip processing cores, it is imperative to achieve and maintain efficient utilization of the resources at run time. Uneven and skewed distribution of workloads misuses the CMP resources and may even lead to such undesired effects as traffic and temperature hotspots. While existing techniques rely mostly on software for the undertaking of load balancing duties and exploit hardware mainly for synchronization, we will demonstrate that there are wider opportunities for hardware support of load balancing in CMP systems. Based on this fact, this paper proposes IsoNet, a conflict-free dynamic load distribution engine that exploits hardware aggressively to reinforce massively parallel computation in many core settings. Moreover, the proposed architecture provides extensive fault-tolerance against both CPU faults and intra-IsoNet faults. The hardware takes charge of both (1) the management of the list of jobs to be executed, and (2) the transfer of jobs between processing elements to maintain load balance. Experimental results show that, unlike the existing popular techniques of blocking and job stealing, IsoNet is scalable with as many as 1024 processing cores.
99. The condensation of acridone with tertiary aromatic amines and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the products (1956)

R. M. Acheson and M. J. T. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 484 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000484
Introduction (2013)

This Working Paper presents the Introduction to my new book Balancing Constitutional Rights: The Origins and Meanings of Postwar Legal Discourse (Cambridge University Press, November 2013, ISBN 978-1107044418). The language of is pervasive in constitutional rights jurisprudence around the world. This book offers a comparative and historical account of the origins and meanings of this talismanic form of language, and of the legal discourse to which it is central. Contemporary discussion has tended to see the increasing use of as the manifestation of a globalization of constitutional law. I argue instead that balancing has always meant radically different things in different settings. The book makes use of detailed case studies of early Postwar US and German constitutional jurisprudence to show that the same unique language expresses both biting skepticism and profound faith in law and adjudication, and both deep pessimism and high aspirations for constitutional rights. An understanding of these radically different meanings is essential for any evaluation of the work of constitutional courts today.
DETERMINATION OF FERMENTABLE SUGARS AND NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS IN WORT BY NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (1994)

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy techniques were evaluated for the analysis of brewery worts. Good calibrations were obtained for maltose (SEPNIR 2.6 g/l, SEPMIR 2.0 g/l), glucose SEPNIR 0.6 g/l, SEPMIR 0.4 g/l) and the sum of fermentable sugars (SEPNIR 2.8 g/l, SEPMIR 2.6 g/l) with both methods. Satisfactory calibration was obtained for maltotriose (SEPNIR 1.4 g/l, SEPMIR 1.5 g/l), nitrogen (SEPNIR 122 mg/l, SEPMIR 92 mg/l) and free alpha-amino nitrogen (SEPNIR 29 mg/l, SEPMIR 23 mg/l). MIR spectroscopy gave slightly better results, but sample handling was more difficult than in the NIR region. The NIR measurement is simple and rapid and could be used for on-line process control during mashing. No sample preparation other than filtration is needed.
Enantioselective Oligomerization of α-Olefins with Chiral Zirconocene/Aluminoxane Catalysts (1993)

Chiral metallocenes can be used with methylaluminoxane to oligomerize olefins. The use of (S)-(1,1′-ethylenebis (4, 5, 6, 7-tetra-hydro-1-indenyl)) zirconiumbis-(0-acetyl-(R)-mandelate) allowed the preparation of optically active branched olefins. The oligomerization can be controlled in such a way that mainly tri-, tetra-, and pentamers are produced. The optical rotation depends extremely on the oligomerization temperature and is nearly zero at 70 °C. At a reaction temperature of 20 °C trimeric propene (2, 4-dimethyl-1-heptene) is obtained in the (S)-configuration with an optical purity of 97,5 %. The trimers could be separated analytically into ’* pure enantiomers by gas-chromatography over a modified cyclodextrine phase. The tetramers are diastereomers and show higher optically rotation than the trimers.
SPICE macro model for the simulation of zener diode I-V characteristics (1991)

The problems encountered when using the existing SPICE diode model to represent the I-V characteristics of a Zener diode in the reverse region are examined. A Zener diode macro model that has accurate I-V simulation characteristics and can be easily constructed using SPICE-provided primitives is presented. The static I-V characteristics and temperature response of the diode are reviewed. The performance of the model is discussed, and its main enhancements as compared to the SPICE model are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>miR‐29b</i> and <i>miR‐125a</i> regulate podoplanin and suppress invasion in glioblastoma (2010)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant brain tumor, characterized by an elevated capacity for cellular proliferation and invasion. Recently, it was demonstrated that podoplanin membrane sialo-glycoprotein encoded by PDPN gene is over-expressed and related to cellular invasion in astrocytic tumors; however the mechanisms of regulation are still unknown. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and several biological processes and diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, their roles in invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis of glioblastoma are not completely understood. In this study, we focused on miR-29b and miR-125a, which were predicted to regulate PDPN, and demonstrated that these microRNAs directly target the 3' untranslated region of PDPN and inhibit invasion, apoptosis, and proliferation of glioblastomas. Furthermore, we report that miR-29b and miR-125a are downregulated in glioblastomas and also in CD133-positive cells. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-29b and miR-125a represent potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma.
Bit-Permuted Coded Modulation for Polar Codes (2017)

We consider the problem of using polar codes with higher order modulation over AWGN channels. Unlike prior work, we focus on using modulation independent polar codes. That is, the polar codes are not re-designed based on the modulation used. Instead, we propose bit-permuted coded modulation (BPCM): a technique for using the multilevel coding (MLC) approach for an arbitrary polar code. The BPCM technique exploits a natural connection between MLC and polar codes. It involves applying bit permutations prior to mapping the polar code to a higher order modulation. The bit permutations are designed, via density evolution, to match the rates provided by various bit levels of the higher order modulation to that of the polar code. We demonstrate performance of the BPCM technique using link simulations and density evolution for the AWGN channel. We compare the BPCM technique with the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) technique. When using polar codes designed for BPSK modulation, we show gains for BPCM over BICM with random interleaver of up to 0.2 dB, 0.7 dB and 1.4 dB for 4-ASK, 8-ASK, and 16-ASK respectively.
Listener Agreement for Auditory-Perceptual Ratings of Dysarthria (2007)

The levels of listener agreement that were found indicate that auditory-perceptual ratings show promise during clinical assessment for identifying salient features of dysarthria for speakers with various etiologies.
Ethanol increases carotenoid production in Phaffia rhodozyma (1997)

Addition of ethanol (0.2%) to cultures of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma increased the specific rate of carotenoid production [(carotenoid)(cell mass)-1(time)-1]. The incremental increase in carotenoid synthesis with ethanol was highest in carotenoid-hyperproducing strains. Ethanol increased carotenoid production when it was added at various points during the lag and active growth phases. Ethanol increased alcohol dehydrogenase and hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activities. Our results indicate that increased carotenoid production by ethanol is associated with induction of HMG-CoA reductase and possibly activation of oxidative metabolism.
Production and Characterization of Synthetic Carboxysome Shells with Incorporated Luminal Proteins. (2016)

Spatial segregation of metabolism, such as cellular-localized CO2 fixation in C4 plants or in the cyanobacterial carboxysome, enhances the activity of inefficient enzymes by selectively concentrating them with their substrates. The carboxysome and other bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) have drawn particular attention for bioengineering of nanoreactors because they are self-assembling proteinaceous organelles. All BMCs share an architecturally similar, selectively permeable shell that encapsulates enzymes. Fundamental to engineering carboxysomes and other BMCs for applications in plant synthetic biology and metabolic engineering is understanding the structural determinants of cargo packaging and shell permeability. Here we describe the expression of a synthetic operon in Escherichia coli that produces carboxysome shells. Protein domains native to the carboxysome core were used to encapsulate foreign cargo into the synthetic shells. These synthetic shells can be purified to homogeneity with or without luminal proteins. Our results not only further the understanding of protein-protein interactions governing carboxysome assembly, but also establish a platform to study shell permeability and the structural basis of the function of intact BMC shells both in vivo and in vitro. This system will be especially useful for developing synthetic carboxysomes for plant engineering.
The spectra of flames supported by fluorine (1952)

Abstract Part I. Flames with organic substances. Fluorine reacts with most organic substances, the reaction being accompanied by a flame. The spectra of several of these flames are described. The hydrocarbon/fluorine flames emit C2 and CH bands, The organic halide/fluorine flames emit a yellow-green continuum, but the gradual addition of hydrogen causes first heavy carbon formation, which then decreases as C2 bands, then CH begin to appear until, finally, only C2 and CH bands are emitted. The 4050 Å comet-head group of bands appear in these flames under conditions giving carbon formation and strong C2 and weak CH. The similarity of the spectra of the hydrocarbon/fluorine and hydrocarbon/oxygen flames and the possible mechanisms for carbon and C2 and CH formation in these flames are discussed. The possible identity of the emitter of the 4050 Å comet-head group is discussed. Part II. Flames with inorganic substances. The reactions of fluorine with many inorganic substances are accompanied by flames, The spectra of the fluorine-supported flames with hydrogen, sulphur, water and ammonia have been studied. Sulphur is a persistent impurity in the hydrogen flame which proves to be a good source for the SH(0, 0) emission band. The water flame emits the oxygen Schumann - Runge bands with unusual appearance due to a low rotational temperature; the vibrational intensity distribution of the Schumann - Runge bands in this source has been studied and is found to agree quite well with the theoretically predicted distribution. The ammonia flame emits new bands in addition to the NH(0,0) band at 3360 Å; these bands are identical with those observed in hydrogen azide explosions and their assignment to the NH radical is thus supported.
The use of force histograms for affine-invariant relative position description (2004)

Affine invariant descriptors have been widely used for recognition of objects regardless of their position, size, and orientation in space. Examples of color, texture, and shape descriptors abound in the literature. However, many tasks in computer vision require looking not only at single objects or regions in images but also at their spatial relationships. In an earlier work, we showed that the relative position of two objects can be quantitatively described by a histogram of forces. Here, we study how affine transformations affect this descriptor. The position of an object with respect to another changes when the objects are affine transformed. We analyze the link between 1) the applied affinity, 2) the relative position before transformation (described through a force histogram), and 3) the relative position after transformation. We show that any two of these elements allow the third one to be recovered. Moreover, it is possible to determine whether (or how well) two relative positions are actually related through an affine transformation. If they are not, the affinity that best approximates the unknown transformation can be retrieved, and the quality of the approximation assessed.
Transduction of human MCP-3 by a parvoviral vector induces leukocyte infiltration and reduces growth of human cervical carcinoma cell xenografts (2001)

These observations indicate that parvovirus H-1-transduced MCP-3 is able to exert a significant antitumor activity which is mediated, at least in part, through macrophages and NK cells, under conditions in which activated T cells are lacking.
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Channels: From Genes to Function (2009)

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the HCN channel family comprises four members (HCN1-4) that are expressed in heart and nervous system. The current produced by HCN channels has been known as I(h) (or I(f) or I(q)). I(h) has also been designated as pacemaker current, because it plays a key role in controlling rhythmic activity of cardiac pacemaker cells and spontaneously firing neurons. Extensive studies over the last decade have provided convincing evidence that I(h) is also involved in a number of basic physiological processes that are not directly associated with rhythmicity. Examples for these non-pacemaking functions of I(h) are the determination of the resting membrane potential, dendritic integration, synaptic transmission, and learning. In this review we summarize recent insights into the structure, function, and cellular regulation of HCN channels. We also discuss in detail the different aspects of HCN channel physiology in the heart and nervous system. To this end, evidence on the role of individual HCN channel types arising from the analysis of HCN knockout mouse models is discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of the impact of HCN channels on the pathogenesis of several diseases and discuss recent attempts to establish HCN channels as drug targets.
EFFECT OF LOCAL APPLICATION OF PROGESTERONE ON THE RABBIT UTERUS (1939)

CHARACTERISTIC effects of injection of many of the hormones may be obtained by local application to responsive tissues, usually in smaller doses than those required to produce the same effect when injected in the usual way. Berger (i) obtained vaginal smears characteristic of estrus in castrated adult rats with 1/12 of the minimal subcutaneous dose of estrogen. The hormone in suitably diluted solution was applied by means of a small ureteral catheter in 0.05 cc. quantities, 5 timesduring a period of 36 hours. Berger has reported also (2) that uterine stimulation and growth takes place with vaginally applied estrogen, and with lesser quantities than those required to induce the same degree of growth when given subcutaneously. Lyons and Templeton (3) reported even more striking results than did Berger. They induced cornification of the vaginal epithelium in rats with 1/200 of the subcutaneous unit, and were able to detect estrin in 0.1 to 0.8 cc. of normal woman's urine. No uterine effects were evident.
A sparse data scan circuit for pixel detector readout (2003)

Describes a mixed analog and digital full-custom circuit designed to read the coordinates of silicon pixels used as particle detectors for high energy physics. This high speed readout includes zero-suppression (sparse data scan), and is ambiguity-free. The methodology of design is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalytic Asymmetric <i>anti</i>‐Selective Nitroaldol Reaction En Route to Zanamivir (2012)

Battling the flu: Zanamivir (Relenza) is widely prescribed as an anti-influenza drug. It contains a vicinal amino alcohol, which is in an anti orientation, and is readily accessed by an anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol (Henry) reaction promoted by a heterobimetallic complex (see scheme; PMB=p-methoxybenzyl). Additional synthetic manipulation of the nitroaldol product allowed the enantioselective synthesis of zanamivir.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Gallium Nitride (2002)

Chemical mechanical polishing of gallium nitride with collodial silica has been demonstrated. Removal rates and ultimate surface roughnesses have been found to depend on sample polarity (either A or B faced) as well as the pH of the polishing fluid and the initial surface morphology. High quality A-faced samples exhibited no polishing action while B-faced material was readily removed. Removal rates at room temperature were found to vary from 0.4 to 1.1 μm/h resulting in surface roughnesses as low as 1.1 nm root mean square roughness (RMS) over 400 μ decreasing to 0.4 nm RMS over Investigations into the mechanism of polishing reveal both a chemical and mechanical aspect to polishing GaN with colloidal silica. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Tuning of Computer Model Parameters in Managed-Pressure Drilling Applications Using an Unscented Kalman Filter Technique (2005)

Abstract In order to manage the annular pressure profile during Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations, simulations performed with advanced computer models are needed. To obtain a high degree of accuracy in these simulations it is crucial that all parameters describing the system are as correct as possible. A new methodology for real time updating of key parameters in a well flow model by taking into account real time measurements, including measuring uncertainty, is presented. Key model parameters are tuned using a recently developed estimation technique based on the traditional Kalman Filter. The presented methodology leads to a more accurate prediction of well flow scenarios. Although the present study is motivated by applications in MPD, the idea of tuning model parameters should be of great importance in a wide area of applications. The performance of the filter is studied, both using synthetic data and real measurements from a North Sea High-Pressure-High-Temperature (HPHT) drilling operation. Benefits by this approach are seen by more accurate downhole pressure predictions which are of major importance for safety and economic reasons during MPD operations.
<title>Characterization of polymer-coated QCRs in the detection of organic compounds in liquid environments</title> (1999)

The design of sensor arrays using polymer-coated QCRs for the practical detection of organic compounds in aqueous environments requires the appropriate selection of sensitive coatings. This selection of the coatings is performed through a study of the sorption processing terms of the partition coefficients of the analytes in the coatings. However, the determination of the partition coefficients in only accurate if all contributions to the total measured frequency shifts, (Delta) f<SUB>s</SUB> can be accounted for. While mass loading is often assumed to be the dominant factor used in determining partition coefficients, viscoelastic effect may also contribute to changes in (Delta) f<SUB>s</SUB>, especially in liquid environments. Both the effect of viscoelastic properties and the effect of the mass loading on the sensor responses are investigated by using a network analyzer and oscillator circuits. Different types of coatings including rubbery and glassy polymers are investigated, and the targeted analytes include classes of polar compounds, nonpolar compounds and chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is shown that changes in viscoelastic properties during and after analyte sorption can be significant enough to place the sensor in the non-gravimetric regime. However, for most applications invovling relatively low concentrations of organic compounds, the subsequent change in viscoelastic properties are still such that the sensors operate in the linear regime. In that case, the measured (Delta) f<SUB>s</SUB>, hence the calculated partition coefficients can still be used for an approximate classification and selection of the coatings.
Comparison of Effective Direct and Converse Magnetoelectric Effects in Laminate Composites (2009)

A theoretical analysis is used to prove that a piezoelectric/magnetostrictive laminate composite has equivalent effective direct and converse magnetoelectric (ME) coefficients. Experimentally a PZT/Terfenol-D/PZT trilayer laminate composite was fabricated and both direct and converse ME coefficients were characterized by measuring the magnetic-field-induced polarization and electric-field-induced magnetization. The laminate sample exhibits similar DC magnetic bias dependence and resonance response for both direct and converse ME effects. The magnitudes of effective ME coefficients are of the same order but significantly different and both are smaller than theoretical prediction. This raises the question as to whether these coefficients are equivalent in a layered composite or to the accuracy of ME coefficient data measurement.