gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RHINOVIRUS TRANSMISSION (1978)

Journal Article RHINOVIRUS TRANSMISSION: ONE IF BY AIR, TWO IF BY HAND Get access JACK M. GWALTNEY, JR., JACK M. GWALTNEY, JR. From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesville, VA 22901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. OWEN HENDLEY J. OWEN HENDLEY From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesville, VA 22901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 107, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 357–361, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112555 Published: 01 May 1978
Predictive Maintenance Optimization for Aircraft Redundant Systems Subjected to Multiple Wear Profiles (2017)

Researchers and industry practitioners have recently demonstrated great interest in maintenance planning since it directly impacts the lifecycle cost and availability of systems. Considering the aviation industry, this impact is even more relevant due to high-availability expectations from aircraft operators and high costs incurred when an aircraft becomes out of service. For this reason, some minor maintenance activities are carried out near the gate, between two consecutive flight legs. These activities are referred to as aircraft line maintenance. The usage of prognostics and health management techniques may help the prevention of unexpected events when caused by degrading components. The application of prognostics techniques together with a line maintenance planning optimization approach is not a trivial task and requires sophisticated mathematical approaches especially when dealing with complex and integrated systems. This paper proposes a methodology for predictive line maintenance optimization of redundant aeronautical systems subjected to multiple wear conditions. Degradation trends and future wear values are estimated considering an implementation of a multiple model approach of the extended Kalman filter technique. Planning optimization is based on the minimization of operational costs comprising several aspects of the aviation industry such as dispatch requirements, delays, cancellations, and equipment costs. A case study is conducted using field prognostics data of hydraulic systems to evidence the efficiency and benefit of the proposed methodology.
SIP Vulnerabilities and Anti-SPIT Mechanisms Assessment (2007)

Although VoIP provides new ways of communication, at the same time it offers new possibilities for transmitting bulk unsolicited messages and calls, enabling spam over internet telephony (SPIT). The VoIP prevailing protocol is SIP, which it is vulnerable to threats that allow SPIT to be deployed. In this paper we assess the risk of identified threats and vulnerabilities of the SIP protocol. Then, we conduct an analytical survey of already proposed anti-SPIT techniques and we evaluate their effectiveness, in terms of how they deal with the threats and vulnerabilities. Finally, we complete our evaluation by presenting a theoretical evaluation framework, based on additional qualitative and quantitative criteria.
O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase inactivation and chemotherapy (2008)

Tissue- and tumour-specific approaches to the modulation of MGMT together with other DNA repair functions and in combination with immuno- or radiotherapy are promising strategies to improve alkylating agent therapy.
Ontology-Driven Semantic Annotations for Multiple Engineering Viewpoints in Computer Aided Design (2012)

Engineering design involves a series of activities to handle data, including capturing and storing data, retrieval and manipulation of data. This also applies throughout the entire product lifecycle (PLC). Unfortunately, a closed loop of knowledge and information management system has not been implemented for the PLC. As part of product lifecycle management (PLM) approaches, computer-aided design (CAD) systems are extensively used from embodiment and detail design stages in mechanical engineering. However, current CAD systems lack the ability to handle semantically-rich information, thus to represent, manage and use knowledge among multidisciplinary engineers, and to integrate various tools/services with distributed data and knowledge. To address these challenges, a general-purpose semantic annotation approach based on CAD systems in the mechanical engineering domain is proposed, which contributes to knowledge management and reuse, data interoperability and tool integration. In present-day PLM systems, annotation approaches are currently embedded in software applications and use diverse data and anchor representations, making them static, inflexible and difficult to incorporate with external systems. This research will argue that it is possible to take a generalised approach to annotation with formal annotation content structures and anchoring mechanisms described using general-purpose ontologies. In this way viewpoint-oriented annotation may readily be captured, represented and incorporated into PLM systems together with existing annotations in a common framework, and the knowledge collected or generated from multiple engineering viewpoints may be reasoned with to derive additional knowledge to enable downstream processes. Therefore, knowledge can be propagated and evolved through the PLC. Within this framework, a knowledge modelling methodology has also been proposed for developing knowledge models in various situations. In addition, a prototype system has been designed and developed in order to evaluate the core contributions of this proposed concept. According to an evaluation plan, cost estimation and finite element analysis as case studies have been used to validate the usefulness, feasibility and generality of the proposed framework. Discussion has been carried out based on this evaluation. As a conclusion, the presented research work has met the original aim and objectives, and can be improved further. At the end, some research directions have been suggested.
Coherent optical feedback for the analog solution of partial differential equations (1980)

A confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer is used to produce feedback within an optical processor. The resulting confocal feedback system (CFS) has a complex-valued feedback transfer function and performs analog solution of partial differential equations (PDE’s). The CFS is interfaced to a microcomputer via a laser scanner and video electronics to create a hybrid processor, thus taking a major step toward the practical use of the CFS for the high-speed solution of PDE’s. Solutions to the three types of second-order linear PDE’s in two dimensions—elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic—were obtained experimentally and analyzed.
The <i>atxA</i> gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence (1995)

Bacillus anthracis plasmid pXO1 carries the structural genes for the three anthrax toxin proteins, cya (edema factor), lef (lethal factor), and pag (protective antigen). Expression of the toxin genes by B. anthracis is enhanced during growth under elevated levels of CO2. This CO2 effect is observed only in the presence of another pXO1 gene, atxA, which encodes a transactivator of anthrax toxin synthesis. Here we show that transcription of atxA does not appear to differ in cells grown in 5% CO2 compared with cells grown in air. Using a new efficient method for gene replacement in B. anthracis, we constructed an atxA-null mutant in which the atxA-coding sequence on pXO1 is replaced with an omega km-2 cassette. Transcription of all three toxin genes is decreased in the absence of atxA. The pag gene possesses two apparent transcription start sites, P1 and P2; only transcripts with 5' ends mapping to P1 are decreased in the atxA-null mutant. Deletion analysis of the pag promoter region indicates that the 111 bp region upstream of the P1 site is sufficient for atxA-mediated activation of this transcript. The cya and lef genes each have one apparent start site for transcription. Transcripts with 5' ends mapping to these sites are not detected in the atxA-null mutant. The atxA-null mutant is avirulent in mice. Moreover, the antibody response to all three toxin proteins is decreased significantly in atxA-null mutant-infected mice. These data suggest that the atxA gene product also regulates toxin gene expression during infection.
Self-propelling, self-locating colonoscope (1979)

Articulated instrument moves by air actuated bladder, while defining position by ultrasonic or RF signals. Device allows optical inspection of large bowel from cecum to rectum with minimal discomfort or risk to patient.
Characterization of the mesostructure of fused‐deposition acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene materials (2000)

Fused‐deposition (FD) is a robotically controlled “fiber” extrusion process that produces a new class of materials with a variety of controllable mesostructural features related to fiber layout and the presence of voids. Mesostructural features of importance to the stiffness and strength of unidirectionally extruded materials were characterized as a function of the processing variables. Samples were made using the Stratasys FDM1600 Modeler with the P400 acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene plastic. Results showed that the void geometry/density and the extent of bonding between contiguous fibers depended strongly on the fiber gap and extrusion flow rate. Settings for minimum void and maximum fiber‐to‐fiber bonding were determined. Void and bond length densities in the plane transverse to the fiber extrusion direction varied from 4 to 16 per cent and 39 to 73 per cent respectively. The results quantify the important mesostructural features as a function of the FD process variables and are expected to find use with other FD materials.
Many-particle Systems, 1 (2017)

Absolute temperature When a system is in statistical equilibrium it can usefully be characterized by a few macroscopic variables. Temperature is one of the most important of these. The absolute temperature scale (measured in kelvins, K) has the following properties. (1) T = 0 K is the temperature of a macroscopic system found permanently in its ground state. Such a system has no excitations; it has its lowest possible energy and is completely isolated from the rest of the universe.
Fractal properties of polymer crystals (1989)

Small angle x-ray scattering is performed on the crystals of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene up to Porod’s region. The scattering intensity I obeys a power law for the magnitude of the scattering vector q for large values of q: I∼q−α. The exponent α is smaller than 4 given by Porod’s law. If it is assumed that the folded chain crystals and the extended chain crystals have the fractal surface, the fractal dimension is from 2.2 to 2.8 depending on the crystallizing condition.
Brokerage Commissions and Institutional Trading Patterns (2009)

The institutional brokerage industry faces an ever-increasing pressure to lower trading costs, which has already driven down average commissions and shifted volume toward low-cost execution venues. However, traditional full-service brokers that bundle execution with services remain a force and their commissions are still considerably higher than the marginal cost of trade execution. We hypothesize that commissions constitute a convenient way of charging a prearranged fixed fee for long-term access to a broker’s premium services. We derive testable predictions based on this hypothesis and test them on a large sample of institutional trades from 1999 to 2003. We find that institutions negotiate commissions infrequently, and thus commissions vary little with trade characteristics. Institutions also concentrate their order flow with a relatively small set of brokers, with smaller institutions concentrating their trading more than large institutions and paying higher per-share commissions. These results are stable over time, are consistent with our predictions, and cannot be explained by cost-minimization alone. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the institutional brokerage market within the proposed framework and make informal predictions about future developments in the industry.
Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Jindo Dogs. (1993)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism was studied in 21 Jindo dogs inhabiting Jin Island off the Korean peninsula. The polymorphism was analyzed with 10 restriction endonucleases that recognize six base pairs. The sizes of the mtDNA fragments produced by digestion using each endonucleases were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the polymorphisms were detected with Japanese mongrel dog mtDNA as a probe. The mtDNA polymorphism in Jindo dogs was observed with four restriction endonucleases, Apa I, EcoR V, Hinc II, and Sty I. However, no polymorphism was detected with BamH I, Bgl II, EcoR I, Hind III, Pst I, or Xba I. The observed restriction endonuclease morphs were classified into 4 types of distinct cleavage patterns. The average number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site in Jindodogs was estimated to be 0.0086. By UPG phylogenetic analysis, the 4 mtDNA types showed only one cluster. This suggests that Jindo dogs have not diverged from the other cluster up to the present and the species is considerably pure.
Integrin-Targeted Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery (2011)

Integrins are heterodimeric membrane glycoproteins composed of noncovalently associated α and β subunits. Integrins support cell attachment and migration on the surrounding extracellular matrix as well as mediate cell-cell interaction in physiological and pathological settings. Constant recycling of integrins from the plasma membrane to the endosome makes integrins ideal receptors for the delivery of drugs to the cell cytoplasm. RNA interference (RNAi) has evolved not only as a powerful tool for studying gene expression and validating new drug targets, but also as a potential therapeutic intervention. However, the major challenge facing the translation of RNAi into clinical practice is the lack of efficient systemic delivery to specific cell types. Utilizing integrins as delivery target, we have recently devised a strategy to target leukocytes termed Integrin-targeted and stabilized NanoParticles (I-tsNPs) that entrap high RNAi payloads and deliver them in a leukocyte-specific manner to induce robust gene silencing.
Controlling procedural modeling programs with stochastically-ordered sequential Monte Carlo (2015)

We present a method for controlling the output of procedural modeling programs using Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). Previous probabilistic methods for controlling procedural models use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which receives control feedback only for completely-generated models. In contrast, SMC receives feedback incrementally on incomplete models, allowing it to reallocate computational resources and converge quickly. To handle the many possible sequentializations of a structured, recursive procedural modeling program, we develop and prove the correctness of a new SMC variant, Stochastically-Ordered Sequential Monte Carlo (SOSMC). We implement SOSMC for general-purpose programs using a new programming primitive: the stochastic future. Finally, we show that SOSMC reliably generates high-quality outputs for a variety of programs and control scoring functions. For small computational budgets, SOSMC's outputs often score nearly twice as high as those of MCMC or normal SMC.
Circularly polarized slot array antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (2008)

This paper proposed a new approach to implement circularly polarized slot array antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), which could be a potential technique in many fields, such as satellite communication etc. The design mainly includes a compact directional coupler, alternating phase power divider and a pair of symmetrical +45deg/-45deg linearly polarized slot array antennas. The slot array is simulated and optimized with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) software and then fabricated with a normal low cost printed circuit board (PCB) process. The measured results show good agreement with simulations. The antenna shows a good performance with the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 9% and the gain of 17.13 dB at 11 GHz.
Origin of the bistable voltage margin in the AC plasma display panel (1977)

Bistability in gas-discharge cells is discussed from a general viewpoint. The physical mechanisms controlling the extent of this bistable range are examined by performing numerical simulations of the discharge dynamics in ac plasma panel cells under various assumed conditions. For the particular case of the commonly used neon + 0.1-percent argon mixture, the results give realistic bistable operating margins only when all three of the following conditions are satisfied: 1)incorporation of the electric-field distortion due to space charge; 2) inclusion of the dependence of the secondary-emission coefficient, γ, on the reduced electric field, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_{c}/p_{0}</tex> , at the cathode; and 3) assumption of an insignificant value of γ for argon ions in comparison to that for neon ions.
Transit Peptides of Thylakoid Luminal Proteins: the Sites of Stromal Processing are Conserved among Higher Plants (1993)

The amino terminal of the transport intermediate of the 23-kDa protein of PSII, which was generated by stromal processing, was determined by radiosequencing in order to identify the site of processing of its precursor. The site was located in the central region of the transit peptide. The primary structure of the processing site included a motif that is common to the processing sites of transit peptides of various stromal proteins. This common motif was also found in the transit peptides of other thylakoid luminal proteins, an indication of its conservation among higher plants. A common secondary structure, rβturn/rβ-sheet/α-helix, was predicted from the amino acid sequence around the consensus motif. This structural similarity between stromal and thylakoid luminal proteins suggests that the sequences are under a common selective pressure to maintain these sites of cleavage by a stromal processing peptidase.
Measurement of AWACS Team Performance in Distributed Mission Scenarios (1999)

Distributed Mission Training (DMT) enables participants to perform within a virtual battlespace created through networking of several high-fidelity simulations. In a recent exercise, ROADRUNNER 98, several agencies interacted to create several battlespace missions in which friendly fighter aircraft and command and control crewmembers participated as trainees, while supporting roles and enemy forces were either played by operational personnel (virtual players) or created by intelligent agent technology (constructed forces). Thus, trainees participated in complex demanding war scenarios without the usual constraints of cost, safety, and security normally associated with live-fire training. ROADRUNNER 98 was sponsored by the Air Force Modeling and Simulation Office (USAF/XOC) with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate's Warfighter Training Research Division (AFRL/HEA) serving as program managers and the Theater Command and Control Simulation Facility (TACCSF) as systems integrators.
A QoE centric distributed caching approach for vehicular video streaming in cellular networks (2015)

Abstract Distributed caching‐empowered wireless networks can greatly improve the efficiency of data storage and transmission and thereby the users' quality of experience (QoE). However, how this technology can alleviate the network access pressure while ensuring the consistency of content delivery is still an open question, especially in the case where the users are in fast motion. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the caching issue emerging from a forthcoming scenario where vehicular video streaming is performed under cellular networks. Specifically, a QoE centric distributed caching approach is proposed to fulfill as many users' requests as possible, considering the limited caching space of base stations and basic user experience guarantee. Firstly, a QoE evaluation model is established using verified empirical data. Also, the mathematic relationship between the streaming bit rate and actual storage space is developed. Then, the distributed caching management for vehicular video streaming is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and solved with the generalized–reduced gradient method. Simulation results indicate that our approach can improve the users' satisfaction ratio by up to 40 % . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excess loop delay effects in continuous-time quadrature bandpass sigma-delta modulators (2003)

Excess loop delay is one of the main problems in continuous-time (CT) /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators. Previously presented papers describe this effect for CT lowpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators and for CT bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators. This paper, however, analytically describes and simulates the excess loop delay effect for a CT quadrature bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. Furthermore, a second-order CT quadrature bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator using active-RC complex integrators is presented. It has a signal bandwidth of 1 MHz, centered at 1 MHz, and achieves a simulated SNDR of 80 dB at 100 MHz clock frequency.
ShapeWright--finite element based free-form shape design (1990)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1990.
The Bureaucratic State (2018)

This chapter analyzes the emergence of new cohorts of bureaucrats under Süleyman I and an expanded jurisdiction for sultanic authority. His reign marked a shift from hybrid to hegemonic administrative, textual, and linguistic practices and demonstrated the coincident importance of military, legal, and textual campaigns. The chapter follows the legal activities of Süleyman’s head chancellor, Celalzade Mustafa, and şeyhülislam Ebu’s-Su‘ud Efendi, as they addressed increasing competition with rivals such as the Habsburgs and the Safavids and contributed to an administrative reorganization intent on asserting sultanic rights to resources. This led, as one example, to a new mechanism for registering imperial affairs, the mühimme defteri (things of import), which “captured” the varied activities of the administration. Collectively, the copies of daily transactions recorded in the mühimme illustrate an effort to conform regional diversity to an ideal of imperial order, and to co-opt political factions capable of subverting dynastic authority.
Tar in Biomass Producer Gas, the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) Experience: An Enduring Challenge (2009)

Biomass gasification at temperatures below 1300 °C yields producer gas with a range of heavy hydrocarbons. These compounds, collectively known as tar, cause fouling and emission problems in equipment using the producer gas. This paper gives an overview of the work performed at the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) on tar measurement, tar prevention, tar cracking, and tar removal. Much of the work has been performed in cooperation with partner institutes and industry. Measurement techniques discussed are the tar guideline, solid-phase adsorption (SPA) method, and tar dew point analyzer. On the subject of tar prevention, the effects of operating conditions, fuel composition, and bed materials in fluidized-bed gasifiers are covered. Tar cracking results are presented for catalytic materials, high-temperature treatment, and the use of plasma. ECN research on tar removal involves among others the development of the water-based GASREIP system and the oil-based OLGA technique.
Pre-equalization for optical 16-QAM in a vector modulator (2008)

We investigated the performance of electric pre-equalization to compensate inter-symbol-interference (ISI) caused in electrical multilevel 16-QAM to a standard vector modulator. Drastically clear constellation was obtained experimentally by applying 16-taps finite impulse response filter technique.