gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient, Large‐Scale Synthesis of Abiraterone Acetate (3β‐ Acetoxy‐17‐(3‐pyridyl)androsta‐5,16‐diene), a Potential New Drug for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrochemical and In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reaction of Lithium with Tin Oxide Composites (1997)

We report our electrochemical and in situ x‐ray diffraction experiments on a variety of tin oxide based compounds; SnO, , , and glass, as cathodes opposite lithium metal in a rechargeable Li‐ion coin cell. These materials demonstrate discharge capacities on the order of 1000 mAh/(g Sn), which is consistent with the alloying capacity limit of 4.4 Li atoms per Sn atom, or 991 mAh/(g Sn). These materials also demonstrate significant irreversible capacities ranging from 200 mAh/(g active) to 700 mAh/(g active). In situ x‐ray diffraction experiments on these materials show that by introducing lithium, lithium oxide and tin form first, which is then followed by the formation of the various Li‐Sn alloy phases. When lithium is removed the original material does not reform. The ending composition is metallic tin, presumably mixed with amorphous lithium oxide. The oxygen from the tin oxide in the starting material bonds irreversibly with lithium to form an amorphous matrix. The Li‐Sn alloying process is quite reversible; perhaps due to the formation of this lithia "matrix" which helps to keep the electrode particles mechanically connected together.
Is polyethylene glycol safe and effective for chronic constipation in children? (2005)

N Does intranasal or oral sumatriptan effectively relieve migraine headaches in adolescents?
Restless legs syndrome and nocturnal myoclonus: initial clinical manifestation of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. (1990)

Restless legs syndrome was the first isolated clinical manifestation in four siblings of a family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Clinical and electrophysiological evidence of peripheral neuropathy appeared after a variable time interval. Polysomnography showed abnormal sleep patterns and nocturnal myoclonus in all patients. The restless legs syndrome responded favourably to clonazepam.
Extracellular Signals Regulate Rapid Coactivator Recruitment at AP-1 Sites by Altered Phosphorylation of both CREB Binding Protein and c-jun (2008)

Retinoic acid (RA) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression due to AP-1 inhibition resulting from retinoic acid receptors (RARs) competing for limiting amounts of coactivator proteins. However, given the rapid kinetics of MMP-9 transcription, it seems unlikely that these interactions can be explained passively. Our previous studies indicated that coactivator and transcription factor phosphorylation may allow for rapid regulation of MMP-9 expression. In the present study we tested this hypothesis directly. CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) were displaced from transcription factor binding sites on the MMP-9 promoter within minutes of RA treatment. The RAR interaction domains of CBP and PCAF were not required for this displacement. RA and epidermal growth factor had opposing effects on phosphorylation of CBP by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 that correlated with altered CBP occupancy of AP-1 sites and differential MMP-9 promoter activation. We identified a novel phosphorylation site in the CBP carboxyl terminus that mediated association with AP-1 sites in the MMP-9 promoter. Inhibition of c-jun phosphorylation displaced PCAF from AP-1 sites and reduced promoter activity. Phosphorylation deficient c-jun was less able to recruit PCAF to AP-1 sites. We also demonstrated novel interactions between coactivators and AP-1 proteins. We propose that extracellular signal-mediated coactivator exchange at AP-1 sites is mediated via protein kinase pathways.
Estimates of the resistance to chemical transport posed by the deep‐sea boundary layer1,2 (1983)

A strategy has been developed to permit the in situ calibration of measurements made with benthic chambers of chemical fluxes across the sediment‐water interface. The resistance to chemical transport posed by the boundary layer is estimated using chemical transport techniques in benthic flux chamber mock‐ups and on the sea floor. Dissolution from gypsum (alabaster) plates is measured both inside and outside the flux chambers. CaCO 3 dissolution and radioisotope uptake techniques are suitable for laboratory and deep‐sea calibration of benthic fluxes. Broadly concordant resistance estimates have been achieved within flux chambers with these three quite different approaches. An estimate of 470 µ for the equivalent stagnant boundary film thickness has been made by the alabaster method on the sea floor at MANOP site H in the eastern Pacific. The transport of Mn 2+ from the bottom waters to site H nodules, if controlled by diffusion through a film of this thickness, would be sufficient to explain their growth rates.
CONSERVATION A FOUNDATION FOR NATIONAL WEAL TH (1953)

Waste not want not! The wisdom of that advice has never been doubted. Until recent years, however, the necessity of following it has not been fully appreciated in America. It is today becoming more and more evident to the people of this country that if we are to remain nationally strong and economically stable, the conservation, preservation and development of our natural resources must become a matter of national concern and united effort-for these natural resources form the only solid foundation for national wealth. This is particularly true of resources that are self-renewing and capable of continuous production.
The Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome: a novel metabolic way of understanding developmental biology, embryogenesis, and dysmorphology (2001)

The brief history of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) (MIM 270400) reflects that of latter 20th century dysmorphology and biochemical and molecular genetics: from its first description as a rare but characteristic multiple malformation syndrome known only to a handful of dysmorphologists, to a relatively common Garrodian defect with a complex molecular basis that has captured the attention of researchers and basic scientists from the fields as diverse as embryology, developmental biology, sterol biochemistry, epidemiology, and teratology. The discovery of the underlying biochemical defect - deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta7-reductase (DHCR7), an enzyme catalyzing the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis, and the resultant generalized cholesterol deficiency - has led to an explosion of knowledge of this biochemical pathway and to a paradigm shift in the recognition of metabolic deficiencies as causes of dysmorphic syndromes. Characterization of the human DHCR7 gene and the identification of mutations in patients with SLOS have revealed a complex picture of molecular heterogeneity and provided insights into the structure and function of DHCR7. SLOS is the first metabolic malformation syndrome with profound effects on the body plan, and its discovery has paved the way to the discovery of a number of other defects of the cholesterol synthetic pathway.
First solid state qubit (2000)

An overview is given on the demonstration of the electronic control of 1-qubit achieved in a solid state device. The scalability of this qubit is a prerequisite for a practical quantum computer of the future.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Low-back Pain and Its Related Medical Care in the United States (1987)

Accurate United States data on the prevalence of low-back pain (LBP) and its related medical care would assist health care planners, policy makers, and investigators. Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) were analyzed to provide such information. The cumulative lifetime prevalence of LBP lasting at least 2 weeks was 13.8%. In univariate analyses, important variations in prevalence were found by age, race, region, and educational status. Most persons with LBP sought care from general practitioners, with orthopaedists and chiropractors being the next most common sources of care. Sources of care, and in some cases therapy, varied among demographic subgroups. These data demonstrate substantial nonbiologic influences on the prevalence and treatment of LBP, and suggest an agenda for health services researchers.
IFN-γ-independent IgG2a production in mice infected with viruses and parasites (2000)

After infection with some viruses and intracellular parasites, antibody production is restricted to IgG2a. We first observed that, whereas live viruses such as lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) or mouse adenovirus induced mostly an IgG2a response, a large proportion of antibodies produced against killed viruses were IgG1. This IgG1 antiviral response was suppressed when live virions were added to inactivated viral particles. These results indicate that the IgG2a preponderance is related to the infectious process itself rather than to the type of antigen involved. Since IFN-gamma is known to stimulate IgG2a production by activated B lymphocytes and to be secreted after infection, we examined the role of this cytokine in the antibody isotypic distribution caused by LDV. Most IgG2a responses were relatively unaffected in mice deficient for the IFN-gamma receptor or treated with anti-IFN-gamma antibody. A similar IFN-gamma-independent IgG2a secretion was observed after infection with the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the IFN-gamma-independent IgG2a production triggered by infection still required the presence of functional T(h) lymphocytes. Therefore, signal(s) other than IFN-gamma secretion may explain the T(h)-dependent isotypic bias in antibody secretion triggered by viruses and parasites.
First‐in‐man study to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of HTL0018318, a novel M<sub>1</sub>‐receptor partial agonist for the treatment of dementias (2020)

HTL0018318 showed well-characterized pharmacokinetics and following single doses were generally well tolerated in the dose range studied. These provide encouraging data in support of the development for HTL0018318 for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
Isolated pairs of Majorana zero modes in a disordered superconducting lead monolayer (2019)

Majorana zero modes are fractional quantum excitations appearing in pairs, each pair being a building block for quantum computation. Some signatures of Majorana zero modes have been reported at endpoints of one-dimensional systems, which are however required to be extremely clean. An alternative are two-dimensional topological superconductors, such as the Pb/Co/Si(111) system shown recently to be immune to local disorder. Here, we use scanning tunneling spectroscopy to characterize a disordered superconducting monolayer of Pb coupled to underlying Co-Si magnetic islands. We show that pairs of zero modes are stabilized: one zero mode positioned in the middle of the magnetic domain and its partner extended all around the domain. The zero mode pair is remarkably robust, isolated within a hard superconducting gap. Our theoretical scenario supports the protected Majorana nature of this zero mode pair, highlighting the role of magnetic or spin-orbit coupling textures.
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Mg</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2001)

Transport and thermodynamic properties of a sintered pellet of the newly discovered MgB2 superconductor have been measured to determine the characteristic critical magnetic fields and critical current densities. Both resistive transition and magnetization data give similar values of the upper critical field, Hc2, with magnetization data giving dHc2/dT = 0.44 T/K at the transition temperature of Tc = 40.2 K. Close to the transition temperature, magnetization curves are thermodynamically reversible, but at low temperatures the trapped flux can be on the order of 1 T. The value of dHc/dT at Tc is estimated to be about 12 mT/K, a value similar to classical superconductors like Sn. Hence, the Ginzburg-Landau parameter kappa approximately 26. Estimates of the critical supercurrent density, Jc, using hysteresis loops and the Bean model, give critical current densities on the order of 10(5) A/cm2. Hence the supercurrent coupling through the grain boundaries is comparable to intermetallics like Nb3Sn.
Relative effectiveness of iron bis-glycinate chelate (Ferrochel) and ferrous sulfate in the control of iron deficiency in pregnant women. (2001)

The relative effectiveness of daily supplementation of iron deficiency during pregnancy using 15 mg/day of iron from iron-bis-glycinate chelate (71 pregnant women), or 40 mg iron from ferrous sulfate (74 pregnant women) was evaluated by measuring hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, at the beginning of the study (< 20 weeks of pregnancy) and at 20-30 weeks and 30-40 weeks thereafter. Ingestion for 13 weeks or more was considered adequate. Seventy three percent of the Ferrochel consuming group and 35% of the ferrous sulfate consuming group were considered to have taken the treatment adequately. The decrease in levels of all the measured parameters was significantly less pronounced in the group that consumed Ferrochel in spite of the lower treatment dose. Iron depletion was found in 30.8% of the women treated with Ferrochel and in 54.5% of the women than consumed ferrous sulfate. Of the factors responsible for non compliance taste was reported in 29.8% of the ferrous sulfate consumers and none in the groups that consumed Ferrochel. It is concluded that daily supplementation with Ferrochel was significantly more effective, in spite of the lower dose, than supplementation with ferrous sulfate.
Unitary (energy-preserving) multichannel networks with feedback (1976)

A unitary n-input n-output linear network preserves the total energy of all input signals. Using the functional calculus of normal matrices, it is proved that feedback round a unitary circuit plus a direct path with suitable gain yields another unitary circuit. This has applications to the design of electronic reverberation units.
Die attach using silver sintering. Practical implementation and analysis (2013)

ABSTRACT. Silver sintering is a promising alternative to high melting point (HMP) solders which contain lead. Indeed, it offers better thermal and electrical properties, and can operate at higher temperature. Currently, several implementations of this technique are available, based on various silver particles sizes and sintering additives. This paper presents a review of the different implementations, and gives practical details about one of them, based on silver nanoparticles. One specific aspect is highlighted: the metal finish of the DBC substrate. It has a major impact on the quality of the sintered joint: with some finishes, the adhesion is excellent (more than 50 MPa), while it is poor with some others (lower than 10 MPa). RÉSUMÉ. Le frittage d’argent est un candidat prometteur pour remplacer les brasures haute température au plomb. Il offre en effet de meilleures performances thermiques, électriques et fonctionne à plus haute température. Actuellement, plusieurs solutions existent, basées sur des particules d’argent de tailles différentes et l’ajout d’additifs de frittage. Ces solutions diffèrent par leur procédé de mise en œuvre. Cet article présente un état de l’art des différentes techniques, puis détaille la mise en œuvre de l’une d’entre elles, basée sur des nanoparticules. Un point particulier est mis en évidence: la finition métallique des substrats DBC. Cette finition a
Diesel Oil Quality Parameter Determinations Using Support Vector Regression and near Infrared Spectroscopy for Hydrotreating Feedstock Monitoring (2012)

Production monitoring and final quality control of diesel can be performed in refineries using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with regression algorithms. Partial least squares (PLS) is the multivariate regression approach commonly used for such purposes, but it is deficient for modelling complex data sets, such as found in diesel production at refineries. On the other hand, support vector regression (SVR) has demonstrated greater efficiency with high generalisation performance. The aim of this work was to develop regression models using SVR to improve the effectiveness of determining feedstock quality parameters monitored for hydrotreating process control refinery diesel production. SVR and PLS models were developed for the parameters aniline point, cetane index, density and temperature of distillation (initial boiling point and 50%, 85% and 90% recovered). The results indicate the superior modelling capability of SVR. SVR models predicted test set samples with root mean squares errors which were 21% to 54% lower than those predicted using PLS. The NIR determinations presented root mean square error lower than the reproducibility values specified by the established reference methods.
Determining the Overall Merit of Protein Identification Data Sets: <i>rho-</i>Diagrams and<i>rho-</i>Scores (2007)

This paper described a simple heuristic method for determining the merit of a set of peptide sequence assignments made using tandem mass spectra. The method involved comparing a prediction based on the known stochastic behavior of a sequence assignment algorithm with the assignments generated from a particular data set. A particular formulation of this comparison was defined through the construction of a plot of the data, the rho-diagram, as well as a parameter derived from this plot, the rho-score. This plot and parameter were shown to be able to readily characterize the relative quality of a set of peptide sequence assignments and to allow the straightforward determination of probability threshold values for the interpretation of proteomics data. This plot is independent of the algorithm or scoring scheme used to estimate the statistical significance of a set of experimental results; rather, it can be used as an objective test of the correctness of those estimates. The rho-score can also be used as a parameter to evaluate the relative merit of protein identifications, such as those made across proteome species taxonomic categories.
Activation Domain-dependent Degradation of Somatic Wee1 Kinase (2009)

Cell cycle progression is dependent upon coordinate regulation of kinase and proteolytic pathways. Inhibitors of cell cycle transitions are degraded to allow progression into the subsequent cell cycle phase. For example, the tyrosine kinase and Cdk1 inhibitor Wee1 is degraded during G(2) and mitosis to allow mitotic progression. Previous studies suggested that the N terminus of Wee1 directs Wee1 destruction. Using a chemical mutagenesis strategy, we report that multiple regions of Wee1 control its destruction. Most notably, we find that the activation domain of the Wee1 kinase is also required for its degradation. Mutations in this domain inhibit Wee1 degradation in somatic cell extracts and in cells without affecting the overall Wee1 structure or kinase activity. More broadly, these findings suggest that kinase activation domains may be previously unappreciated sites of recognition by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway.
Signal transduction of receptor-mediated antiproliferative action of melatonin on human prostate epithelial cells involves dual activation of Gαs and Gαq proteins (2010)

Melatonin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of malignant and transformed human prostate epithelial cells by transcriptional up-regulation of p27(Kip1) expression via MTNR1A receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) in parallel. Given that melatonin MTNR1A receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, this study was conducted to identify the specific G proteins that mediate the antiproliferative action of melatonin on human prostate epithelial cells. In 22Rv1 and RWPE-1 cells, knockdown of either Gα(s) or Gα(q) , but not Gα(i2) expression by RNA interference, abrogated the effects of melatonin on p27(Kip1) and cell proliferation. Conversely, cellular overexpression of activated mutants of Gα(s) and Gα(q) in 22Rv1 and RWPE-1 cells mimicked the effects of melatonin on prostate epithelial cell antiproliferation by increasing p27(Kip1) expression through downstream activation of PKA and PKC in parallel. Moreover, melatonin or 2-iodomelatonin induced elevation of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in 22Rv1 and RWPE-1 cells. The effects of 2-iodomelatonin on cAMP were blocked by the nonselective MTNR1A/MTNR1B receptor antagonist luzindole but were not affected by the selective MTNR1B receptor antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline (4-P-PDOT). Furthermore, knockdown of Gα(s) mitigated the stimulatory effects of 2-iodomelatonin on cAMP. Collectively, the data demonstrated, for the first time, functional coupling of MTNR1A receptor to Gα(s) in cancerous or transformed human cells expressing endogenous melatonin receptors. Our results also showed that dual activation of Gα(s) and Gα(q) proteins is involved in the signal transduction of MTNR1A receptor-mediated antiproliferative action of melatonin on human prostate epithelial cells.
A complementary-pair of high-power MOSFET's (1977)

A complementary pair of high power MOSFETs is developed, each of which has a drain breakdown voltage as high as 200V and 10A current capabilities. This device has an offset gate and an ion-implanted additional channel to realize this high breakdown voltage. The device structure including the use of a field plate, is optimized by two dimensional MOS analysis. This design and a highly refined polysilicon gate fabrication process contribute to the realization of the high power devices. Measurement of these devices reveals superior thermal characteristic and assures a larger ASO than that of conventional bipolar transistors of the same chip size.
A Memory Access Detection Methodology for Accurate Workload Characterization (2015)

Tools for memory access detection are widely used, playing an important role especially in real-time systems. For example, on multi-core platforms, the problem of co-scheduling CPU and memory resources with hard real-time constraints requires a deep understanding of the memory access patterns of the deployed task set. While code execution flow can be analyzed by considering the control-flow graph and reasoning in terms of basic blocks, a similar approach cannot apply to data accesses. In this paper, we propose MadT, a tool that uses a novel mechanism to perform memory access detection of general purpose applications. MadT does not perform binary instrumentation and always executes application code natively on the platform. Hence it can operate entirely in user-space without sand-boxing the task under analysis. Furthermore, MadT provides detailed symbolic information about the accessed memory structures, so it is able to translate the virtual addresses to their original symbolic variable names. Finally, it requires no modifications to application source code. The proposed methodology relies on existing OS-level capabilities. In this paper, we describe how MadT has been implemented on commercial hardware and compare its performance with state-of-the-art software techniques for memory access detection.