gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curcumin, quercetin, and tBHQ modulate glutathione levels in astrocytes and neurons: importance of the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (2009)

A decrease in GSH levels, the main redox regulator, can be observed in neurodegenerative diseases as well as in schizophrenia. In search for substances able to increase GSH, we evaluated the ability of curcumin (polyphenol), quercetin (flavonoid), and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) to up-regulate GSH-synthesizing enzymes. The gene expression, activity, and product levels of these enzymes were measured in cultured neurons and astrocytes. In astrocytes, all substances increased GSH levels and the activity of the rate-limiting synthesizing enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). In neurons, curcumin and to a lesser extent tBHQ increased GCL activity and GSH levels, while quercetin decreased GSH and led to cell death. In the two cell types, the gene that showed the greatest increase in its expression was the one coding for the modifier subunit of GCL (GCLM). The increase in mRNA levels of GCLM was 3 to 7-fold higher than that of the catalytic subunit. In astrocytes from GCLM-knock-out mice showing low GSH (-80%) and low GCL activity (-50%), none of the substances succeeded in increasing GSH synthesis. Our results indicate that GCLM is essential for the up-regulation of GCL activity induced by curcumin, quercetin and tBHQ.
2-Azoniaallene Salts From the Reaction of Chlorocarbenium Salts with<i>N</i>-Silylimines (1989)

Chlorocarbenium hexachloroantimonates 1 react with N-silylimines 5 affording the 2-azoniaallene hexachloroantimonates 4 under mild conditions. The N-silylimine 5a reacts with phosgene to give a dicationic salt 7 with an interesting new structure.
Web browsing activity visualization system for administrator assistance using users' web browsing behavior (2004)

In this research, we built a system that visualizes the Web browsing activities of network users for the assistance of the network administrator. This system visualizes the Web browsing activities of an organization by making the processing object not an individual user but a user group. The network administrator can comprehend the Web browsing activities of the organization by referring to the map. This system extracts a keyword from HTML files that the users browsed. Afterwards this system develops concepts from the extracted keyword using a thesaurus. In addition, this system creates a browsing model. The features of the browsing model are emphasized by weighting. After that, the browsing model is visualized by Kohonen's self-organizing maps. The network administrator is assisted in grasping user Web browsing behavior by this feature map. As a result, we think that we can assist the monitoring operation by the network administrator.
Evaluation of Pure Hydrocarbons as Jet Fuels. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of Pure Hydrocarbons as Jet Fuels.M. H. Gollis, L. I. Belenyessy, B. J. Gudzinowicz, S. D. Koch, J. O. Smith, and R. J. WinemanCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1962, 7, 2, 311–316Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60013a044https://doi.org/10.1021/je60013a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 42pJ/decision 3.12TOPS/W robust in-memory machine learning classifier with on-chip training (2018)

Embedded sensory systems (Fig. 31.2.1) continuously acquire and process data for inference and decision-making purposes under stringent energy constraints. These always-ON systems need to track changing data statistics and environmental conditions, such as temperature, with minimal energy consumption. Digital inference architectures [1,2] are not well-suited for such energy-constrained sensory systems due to their high energy consumption, which is dominated (>75%) by the energy cost of memory read accesses and digital computations. In-memory architectures [3,4] significantly reduce the energy cost by embedding pitch-matched analog computations in the periphery of the SRAM bitcell array (BCA). However, their analog nature combined with stringent area constraints makes these architectures susceptible to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variation. Previously, off-chip training [4] has been shown to be effective in compensating for PVT variations of in-memory architectures. However, PVT variations are die-specific and data statistics in always-ON sensory systems can change over time. Thus, on-chip training is critical to address both sources of variation and to enable the design of energy efficient always-ON sensory systems based on in-memory architectures. The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is widely used to train machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs), deep neural networks (DNNs) and others. This paper demonstrates the use of on-chip SGD-based training to compensate for PVT and data statistics variation to design a robust in-memory SVM classifier.
MRI-Based Attenuation Correction for Whole-Body PET/MRI: Quantitative Evaluation of Segmentation- and Atlas-Based Methods (2011)

The MRAC method using AT&PR provided better overall PET quantification accuracy than the basic MR image segmentation approach. This better quantification was due to the significantly reduced volume of errors made regarding volumes of interest within or near bones and the slightly reduced volume of errors made regarding areas outside the lungs.
Characterization of UWB time reversal using circular array measurements (2007)

Time reversal is a promising technique for the improvement of future telecommunication systems. A better understanding of this capability requires more investigation on real channels. This paper presents a new scheme to characterize the space-time focusing characteristics of time reversal. An extensive UWB propagation experiment is reported. The method is applied to the experimental data. Different focusing parameters are computed in different configurations. In UWB SISO configuration, time reversal increases the power of the strongest path by up to 10 dB. The channel is focused in time but the delay spread parameter remains unchanged. The average size of the spot is about 3 BB; which is larger than the ideal case. The focusing spot is often directed inline with the transmitter. At 9 BB; far from the target, the received signal is reduced by up to 10 dB in NLOS.
A Low-Power Programmable Neural Spike Detection Channel With Embedded Calibration and Data Compression (2012)

This paper reports a programmable 400 μm pitch neural spike recording channel, fabricated in a 130 nm standard CMOS technology, which implements amplification, filtering, digitization, analog spike detection plus feature extraction, and self-calibration functionalities. It can operate in two different output modes: 1) signal tracking, in which the neural signal is sampled and transmitted as raw data; and 2) feature extraction, in which the spikes of the neural signal are detected and encoded by piece-wise linear curves. Additionally, the channel offers a foreground calibration procedure in which the amplification gain and the passband of the embedded filter can be self-adjusted. The amplification stage obtains a noise efficiency factor of 2.16 and an input referred noise of 2.84 μVrms over a nominal bandwidth of 167 Hz-6.9 kHz. The channel includes a reconfigurable 8-bit analog-to-digital converter combined with a 3-bit controlled programmable gain amplifier for adjusting the input signal to the full scale range of the converter. This combined block achieves an overall energy consumption per conversion of 102 fJ at 90 kS/s. The energy consumed by the circuit elements which are strictly related to the digitization process is 14.12 fJ at the same conversion rate. The complete channel consumes 2.8 μW at 1.2 V voltage supply when operated in the signal tracking mode, and 3.1 μW when the feature extraction mode is enabled.
Intracellular Accumulation, Subcellular Distribution, and Efflux of Tilmicosin in Bovine Mammary, Blood, and Lung Cells (1999)

Tilmicosin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic currently approved for veterinary use in cattle and swine to combat respiratory disease. Because the concentrations of tilmicosin are generally low in bovine serum, the interaction of tilmicosin with three types of bovine phagocytes (monocyte-macrophages, macrophages, and neutrophils from blood, lungs, and mammary gland, respectively) and mammary gland epithelial cells was evaluated to provide an understanding of potential clinical efficacy. After incubation with radiolabeled tilmicosin, uptake was determined and expressed as the ratio of the intracellular to the extracellular drug concentration. Accumulation of tilmicosin at 4 h of incubation by the alveolar macrophages (Cc/Ce 193) was 4 to 13 times more than that observed in monocyte-macrophages (Cc/Ce 43), neutrophils, (Cc/Ce 13), or mammary epithelial cells (Cc/Ce 20). Subcellular distribution showed that 70 to 80% of tilmicosin was localized in the lysosomes. Uptake in mammary gland cells was dependent on cell viability, temperature, and pH, but was not influenced by metabolic inhibitors or anaerobiosis. However, lipopolysaccharide exposure increased tilmicosin uptake by the bovine mammary macrophages and epithelial cells. When neutrophils and epithelial cells were incubated in the presence of tilmicosin and extracellular tilmicosin was then removed, 40% of the intracellular tilmicosin remained cell associated after 4 h of incubation (i.e., 60% effluxed), but only 25% remained in macrophages. These in vitro interactions of tilmicosin with bovine phagocytes and epithelial cells suggest an integral role in effecting clinical efficacy.
Novel method for real-time monitoring of non-linear transition shift (1997)

This paper presents a technique for real-time measurement of non-linear transition shift (NLTS) caused by the adjacent transition. The method is based on the harmonic elimination principle. By measuring the readout amplitude of three selected harmonics from a specific test pattern, the NLTS can be obtained from the amplitudes of the three selected harmonics. The proposed method has the advantage for real-time measurement of the NLTS. This is not true for the existing NLTS measurement techniques. Comparison of the NLTS value measured by the proposed method and the existing method shows satisfactory agreement between them. Furthermore, the proposed method has the advantage of insensitivity to the fluctuation of flying height during the reading and testing process.
Alternative Visualization of Textual Information for People with Sensory Impairment (2012)

Assistive technology has been developed to provide access to information sources for people with sensory impairment. Disabled people can benefit from the use of existing alternative methods and techniques with some producing output with fairly high accuracy. Nevertheless, the problem of synthesizing a suitable method for proper information imaging to the sensory impaired user still remains unsolved. For this reason, assistive techniques undergo continuous experimentation and usability research in order to resolve this issue. The summary of the dissertation provides an analytical survey of the currently existing assistive methods and techniques for imaging textual information that employ the residual senses of the impaired user. The problematic aspects affecting the use of computer help for people having ocular pathology and hearing disorders were the particular subject of this study. These issues have to be taken into account by the developers of advanced assistive user interfaces.\n\nEight internationally published studies represent the main scientific contribution of the dissertation. They illustrate how novel assistive techniques could be introduced and exploited by people with sensory impairment.\n\nFour ways to display textual information for people with a sensory impairment were investigated. They are:\n\n1. Dynamic imaging of the symbolic information (electromagnetic textured element);\n2. Color blinking alphabet and low cost peripheral monitor to deliver textual information to the visually impaired persons and music notation to the visually impaired musicians;\n3. Hearing communication aid based on pseudo-graphic typeface;\n4. A set of vibro-tactile composite patterns which can further be employed to assign alphabet characters, words, abbreviations or symbols to convey textual or symbolic information to the deaf or hearing impaired people.\n\nTwo prototypes of the wearable assistive devices for the visually impaired people and several software tools for visually impaired and hearing impaired people were designed to examine which of the assistive methods and techniques developed could be introduced to compensate for the sensory deficit.\n\nSeries of extensive empirical and usability studies were performed to evaluate the strength, usefulness and appropriateness of implemented assistive aids. The basic concepts, interaction techniques implemented and the practical consequences of the empirical studies were discussed as well as some improvements that were or could be applied to the techniques presented.\n\nThe following applications may result based on this research:\n1. New assistive aids and games for sensory impaired people intended for the use in mobile wearable systems, and\n2. Multimodal educational software tools for sensory impaired people.
CMOS pipelined A/D converters with concurrent error detection capability (2002)

This paper presents a practical implementation of the design-for-testability (DfT) technique for self-calibrated, self-corrected pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This DfT strategy is aimed at detecting ADC malfunctions during normal operation, but since it also enhances the observability in the converter, it can facilitate off-line testing as well. A 10-b 10 MS/s converter has been chosen as a silicon demonstrator. It has been integrated in a double-poly 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, using a 6-stage 3 bits per stage architecture and a fully-differential switched-capacitor (SC) implementation. The ADC operation and the feasibility of the DfT technique have been evaluated from experimental measurements.
Optical Imaging With Phase Shift Masks (1984)

The imaging characteristics of masks which have arbitrary phase shifts between adjacent regions has been investigated. The process simulation program SAMPLE was extended to compute images of masks with an arbitrary number of regions of varying amplitude and phase transmission. In order to do this, the code was modified to calculate the imaginary, in addition to the real, part of the transmission cross-coefficient and perform complex multiplications within the image intensity summation. The disadvantage of phase shift masks lies in the high printability of defects. Phase shifts of 180° cause defects twice as small to print. This printability is phase shift dependent, and may be considerably reduced with smaller phase shifts. A second disadvantage is that phase shifts occurring in the middle of large clear areas produce such a deep dip in the image intensity that these clear field transitions are impractical. The advantage of phase shift masks lies in reducing proximity effects between adjacent features. The best measure of this reduction is the improvement in image con-trast for periodic arrays of lines. A significant improvement can be obtained, especially at low sigma. This improved contrast enables a smaller linewidth to be used. At a sigma of 0.3 the size of periodic features may be reduced from 1.2 μm to 0.5 μm, still maintaining a contrast of 0.85. Not only is the contrast improved, but its sensitivity to defocus is actually reduced, thereby increasing the useful depth of focus. Phase shifts less than 180° give similar results although the improvement decreases rapidly for phase shifts less than 120°. The image of isolated features may be improved 30 percent by using unprintable phase shifted proximity features. By proper defect control and elimination of clear field transitions, very significant improvements in aerial image quality are possible with phase masks.
Mucosal Healing With Thalidomide in Refractory Crohn’s Disease Patients Intolerant of Anti-TNF-α Drugs (2014)

Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drug with antitumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activity. Several case reports and some clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of refractory Crohn's disease (CD). We report the effect and tolerability of thalidomide in 3 patients with moderate-to-severe CD who were not responsive to anti-TNF-α therapies, and review the relevant literature. The first case is of a 28-year-old female affected by Crohn's colitis complicated by a severe fistulizing perianal disease; she was treated with infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol, which were stopped because of intolerance. The second case is of a 39-year-old female with fistulizing ileocolitis complicated by severe arthralgias and perianal disease with loss of response to infliximab and intolerance of certolizumab pegol. The third case is of a 39-year-old male with gastric and ileocolonic CD refractory to immunosuppressors and intolerant of infliximab. All the 3 cases achieved complete clinical remission and endoscopic healing of mucosal lesions at a low dose of thalidomide (50 to 150 mg/d). In our CD patients who experienced loss of response or were unable to tolerate anti-TNF-α drugs, thalidomide was an effective and well-tolerated therapy for inducing and maintaining long-term remission.
Enhanced Nitric Oxide Concentrations and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Acupuncture Points/Meridians (2003)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the distributions of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin points (acupoints)/meridian regions and determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein levels were associated with NO concentrations in the areas. Design: Low skin resistance points (LSRP) on the skin surface in response to electrical stimuli were performed in anesthetized adult rats. The skin together with subcutaneous tissue was isolated in meridian regions from PC 2 to 6, BL 36 to 57, CV 3 to 22, and GV 2 to 14. Control skin tissues were obtained in the areas close to related meridians without containing LSRP. Concentrations of nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), and total NO2- plus NO3- (NOx-) were quantified in the skin tissues, micropunches of brain nuclei, and blood vessels in a blinded fashion. Western blots were also conducted using polyclonal anti-nNOS and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibody in the skin tissues. Results: NOx- and NO3- concentrations were higher (45 ± 8% and 43 ± 7% in the CV, 47 ± 7% and 51 ± 9% in the BL, and 47 ± 8% and 45 ± 6% in the PC) than those in control regions (p < 0.05, n = 6). NOx- concentrations are 2- to 3-fold greater in skin tissues than those in brain regions and blood vessels (p < 0.05, n = 6-8). nNOS protein levels were consistently increased in the skin regions of BL, PC, and GV meridians compared with their controls (p < 0.05, n = 5-7) but endothelial NO synthase expression was not changed. Conclusion: This is the first evidence showing that NO contents and nNOS expression are consistently higher in the skin acupoints/meridians associated with low electric resistance. The results suggest that enhanced NO in the acupoints/meridians is generated from multiple resources including neuronal NOergic system, and NO might be associated with acupoint/meridian functions including low electric resistance.
The Non‐Specific Enhancement of Allergy (1983)

SD rats were sensitized by an i.p. injection of 1 microgram or 10 micrograms ovalbumin (OA) together with 10 mg Silica gel. At the indicated time after sensitization, allergic response capacity of the animals was estimated by measuring changes in intratracheal pressure induced by an i.v. injection of 0.3 mg OA (low challenge dose) or 5 mg OA (high challenge dose). Animals given 1 microgram OA in Silica gel showed no response capacity at 14, 35 or 47-48 days after sensitization. Animals injected with 10 micrograms OA showed a clear-cut response with a peak at 14 days; at 7 weeks after immunization the response capacity had faded almost completely. Specific OA-IgE antibody and total IgE serum levels were examined by radioimmunoassay. A slight increase in OA-IgE antibody was recorded in animals injected 14 days before test with 10 micrograms ovalbumin and Silica gel; animals given 1 microgram OA and Silica showed no OA-IgE antibody. Five weeks after sensitization, some animals of each group were injected i.p. with 100 mg alum, B. pertussis vaccine (2 ml of Perthydral), or saline, all injections being made without any further antigen addition. 12-13 days after such an injection, alum-treated animals showed high response capacity at bronchial anaphylactic tests and high OA-IgE antibody levels but comparably low levels of total IgE. Animals injected with B. pertussis, on the other hand, showed low response capacity (bronchial anaphylactic tests and OA-IgE antibody levels) but high total IgE-antibody levels. The bronchial anaphylactic response in the B. pertussis-injected animals but not the alum-injected animals was significantly correlated to serum IgG2a antibody levels. These results show that injection of alum or B. pertussis vaccine without antigen can precipitate/enhance anaphylactic response capacity and production of specific and non-specific IgE and IgG2a.
The second step of the biphasic endosperm cap weakening that mediates tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) seed germination is under control of ABA (2000)

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the weakening of the endosperm cap prior to radicle protrusion in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Moneymaker) seeds was studied. The endosperm cap weakened substantially in both water and ABA during the first 38 h of imbibition. After 38 h the force required for endosperm cap puncturing was arrested at 0.35 N in ABA, whereas in water a further decrease occurred until the radicle protruded. During the first 2 d of imbibition endo‐β‐mannanase activity was correlated with the decrease in required puncture force and with the appearance of ice‐crystal‐induced porosity in the cell walls as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Prolonged incubation in ABA resulted in the loss of endo‐β‐mannanase activity and the loss of ice‐crystal‐induced porosity, but not in a reversion of the required puncture force. ABA also had a distinct but minor effect on the growth potential of the embryo. However, endosperm cap resistance played the limiting role in the completion of germination. It was concluded that (a) endosperm cap weakening is a biphasic process and (b) inhibition of germination by ABA is through the second step in the endosperm cap weakening process.