gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of SERCA2a is independent of innervation in regenerating soleus muscle (2003)

The speed of contraction of a skeletal muscle largely depends on the myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHC), whereas the relaxation is initiated and maintained by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA). The expression of the slow muscle-type myosin heavy chain I (MyHCI) is entirely dependent on innervation, but, as we show here, innervation is not required for the expression of the slow-type sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) in regenerating soleus muscles of the rat, although it can play a modulator role. Remarkably, the SERCA2a level is even higher in denervated than in innervated regenerating soleus muscles on day 7 when innervation is expected to resume. Later, the level of SERCA2a protein declines in denervated regenerated muscles but it remains expressed, whereas the corresponding mRNA level is still increasing. SERCA1 (i.e., the fast muscle-type isoform) expression shows only minor changes in denervated regenerating soleus muscles compared with innervated regenerating controls. When the soleus nerve was transected instead of the sciatic nerve, SERCA2a and MyHCI expressions were found to be even more uncoupled because the MyHCI nearly completely disappeared, whereas the SERCA2a mRNA and protein levels decreased much less. The transfection of regenerating muscles with constitutively active mutants of the Ras oncogene, known to mimic the effect of innervation on the expression of MyHCI, did not affect SERCA2a expression. These results demonstrate that the regulation of SERCA2a expression is clearly distinct from that of the slow myosin in the regenerating soleus muscle and that SERCA2a expression is modulated by neuronal activity but is not entirely dependent on it.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 18–19/2007 (2007)

Cover: Highly contorted polyimides and polyamides based on spirobifluorene derivatives have been prepared. Depending on the overall chain rigidity, the polymers show intrinsic microporosity and enhanced solubility in solvents like chloroform or THF. Further details can be found in the article by J. Weber, Q. Su, M. Antonietti, and A. Thomas * on page 1871.
An Interactive Mechanism to Improve Question Answering Systems via Feedback (2019)

Semantic parsing-based RDF question answering (QA) systems are to interpret users' natural language questions as query graphs and return answers over RDF repository. However, due to the complexity of linking natural phrases with specific RDF items (e.g., entities and predicates), it remains difficult to understand users' question sentences precisely, hence QA systems may not meet users' expectation, offering wrong answers and dismissing some correct answers. In this paper, we design an I nteractive M echanism aiming for PRO motion V ia users' fe edback to Q A systems (IMPROVE-QA), a whole framework to not only make existing QA systems return more precise answers based on a few feedbacks over the original answers given by RDF QA systems, but also enhance paraphrasing dictionaries to ensure a continuous-learning capability in improving RDF QA systems. To provide better interactivity and online performance, we design a holistic graph mining algorithm (HWspan) to automatically refine the query graph. Extensive experiments on both Freebase and DBpedia confirm the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.
Lectin Histochemistry (1997)

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Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease: nested case-control study (2011)

This case-control study did not find evidence that NSAID use reduces Parkinson's disease risk. The positive associations observed between NSAID use and Parkinson's disease might have been due to confounding by indication as the use was clustered in the few years before disease diagnosis.
Accurate microwave resonant method for complex permittivity measurements of liquids [biological] (2000)

A method available for accurate measurements of lossy liquids is presented, tested on standard materials, and compared with the perturbation technique commonly adopted in cavity measurements. The method is based on numerically solving a complex characteristic equation. Realization of the method was done using an E/sub 010/ cylindrical cavity. Results show that measurement errors may be decreased with application of the method presented. The method excludes uncertainties in complex permittivity determination when material has losses and high permittivity.
Aquatic Beetles of the Kwamalasamutu Region, Suriname (Insecta: Coleoptera) (2012)

We conducted an intensive survey of aquatic beetles in the Kwamalasamutu Region of southwestern Suriname from 18 August to 7 September 2010. Both active collecting (using nets and by hand in aquatic habitats) and passive collecting (flight intercept traps, UV lights, dung baits) resulted in the collection of more than 4000 aquatic beetle specimens. We documented 144 species, distributed among 62 genera in 9 families. Sixteen of these species have been confirmed as new, with an additional 10 likely to be new. Two of these new species, both in the family Hydrophilidae, are described here: Oocyclus trio Short & Kadosoe sp.n. and Tobochares sipaliwini Short & Kadosoe sp.n. Camps 1 (Kutari) and 3 (Werehpai) had comparatively high species diversity, with 91 and 93 species respectively -although only 48 of these species were shared between the two sites. Camp 2 (Sipaliwini) had the lowest number of species with 68.
Novel pipeline data converters (2003)

Six novel pipelined data converters are reviewed. They include three pipelined analog-to-digital converters with high-speed potential, a quasi-passive pipelined digital-to-analog (D/A) converter with low power consumption and low cost, and two pipelined D/A converters which perform data conversion starting with the most significant bit. These circuits have less circuit complexity than the flash converters without losing the high-speed advantage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dihydroxyacetone Kinase Activity in <i>Dunaliella parva</i> (1977)

An enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone has been identified in the halophilic alga, Dunaliella parva. Since glycerol and glyceraldehyde are not substrates, the enzyme is referred to as dihydroxyacetone kinase. Dihydroxyacetone kinase was purified 9-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
Low Latency Acoustic Modeling Using Temporal Convolution and LSTMs (2017)

Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) acoustic models provide a significant word error rate reduction compared to their unidirectional counterpart, as they model both the past and future temporal contexts. However, it is nontrivial to deploy bidirectional acoustic models for online speech recognition due to an increase in latency. In this letter, we propose the use of temporal convolution, in the form of time-delay neural network (TDNN) layers, along with unidirectional LSTM layers to limit the latency to 200 ms. This architecture has been shown to outperform the state-of-the-art low frame rate (LFR) BLSTM models. We further improve these LFR BLSTM acoustic models by operating them at higher frame rates at lower layers and show that the proposed model performs similar to these mixed frame rate BLSTMs. We present results on the Switchboard 300 h LVCSR task and the AMI LVCSR task, in the three microphone conditions.
Conjugative transposons: the tip of the iceberg (2002)

Elements that excise and integrate, such as prophages, and transfer by conjugation, such as plasmids, have been found in various bacteria. These elements appear to have a diversified set of characteristics including cell-to-cell contact using pili or cell aggregation, transfer of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA, low or high specificity of integration and serine or tyrosine recombinases. This has led to a highly heterogeneous nomenclature, including conjugative transposons, integrative 'plasmids', genomic islands and numerous unclassified elements. However, all these elements excise by site-specific recombination, transfer the resulting circular form by conjugation and integrate by recombination between a specific site of this circular form and a site in the genome of their host. Whereas replication of the circular form probably occurs during conjugation, this replication is not involved in the maintenance of the element. In this review, we show that these elements share very similar characteristics and, therefore, we propose to classify them as integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). These elements evolve by acquisition or exchanges of modules with various transferable elements including at least ICEs and plasmids. The ICEs are probably widespread among the bacteria.
Dependence on Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and RAS-RAF Pathways Drive the Activity of RAF265, a Novel RAF/VEGFR2 Inhibitor, and RAD001 (Everolimus) in Combination (2010)

Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) can induce cellular immortalization, proliferation, and resistance to anticancer therapeutics such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors or chemotherapy. This study assessed the consequences of inhibiting these two pathways in tumor cells with activation of KRAS, PI3K-AKT, or both. We investigated whether the combination of a novel RAF/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, RAF265, with a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, RAD001 (everolimus), could lead to enhanced antitumoral effects in vitro and in vivo. To address this question, we used cell lines with different status regarding KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations, using immunoblotting to evaluate the inhibitors, and MTT and clonogenic assays for effects on cell viability and proliferation. Subcutaneous xenografts were used to assess the activity of the combination in vivo. RAD001 inhibited mTOR downstream signaling in all cell lines, whereas RAF265 inhibited RAF downstream signaling only in BRAF mutant cells. In vitro, addition of RAF265 to RAD001 led to decreased AKT, S6, and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 phosphorylation in HCT116 cells. In vitro and in vivo, RAD001 addition enhanced the antitumoral effect of RAF265 in HCT116 and H460 cells (both KRAS mut, PIK3CA mut); in contrast, the combination of RAF265 and RAD001 yielded no additional activity in A549 and MDAMB231 cells. The combination of RAF and mTOR inhibitors is effective for enhancing antitumoral effects in cells with deregulation of both RAS-RAF and PI3K, possibly through the cross-inhibition of 4E binding protein 1 and S6 protein.
Cachexia vs obesity: where is the real unmet clinical need? (2013)

A striking discrepancy exists in the number of publications on obesity as compared to cachexia or wasting disorders. In PubMed, the number of entries that contain "cachexia" as a title word is only 1,825, whereas the number of entries for "obesity" in the title is 47,828, giving a ratio of 1:26 in favor of "obesity" publications. The difference in publication activities in these two fields has further broadened over the last years. Looking at guidance from national or international guidelines, PubMed analysis is even more depressing with 147 entries for obesity, but only four for cachexia. None of the latter provides guidance for the everyday care of cachectic patients. This publication activity is in stark contrast to the mortality impact of cachexia vs obesity at the time of diagnosis, which is at least 20 times higher for cachexia over the first 5 years. We assume, the mismatch is even bigger when it comes to public research support for these two medical conditions, which likely is a big part of the reason for this publication imbalance. Another reason may be that there is a perception bias in the research community, the public and hence also among healthcare providers and politicians as to what is important in medicine. We think, cachexia is at least as big an unmet need as is obesity. For shorter-term outcomes, cachexia is certainly a much bigger medical need than obesity. We hope that the current research efforts will change the situation for the better of our patients.
Logical modelling of delay degradation effect in static CMOS gates (2000)

A delay model for static CMOS gates with application in gate level logic simulation is presented. It incorporates the degradation effect on narrow pulses and is named PID (pure, inertial and degradation). The results lead to the conclusion that the proposed new delay model maintains the high speed of gate-level logic simulation with a precision comparable to that of electrical simulation.
Correction of electrode polarization contributions to the dielectric properties of normal and cancerous breast tissues at audio/radiofrequencies (2007)

Spurious contributions from electrode polarization (EP) are a major nuisance in dielectric measurements of biological tissues and hamper accurate determination of tissue properties in the audio/radiofrequencies. Various electrode geometries and/or treatments have been employed traditionally to reduce EP contributions, although none succeeded to completely remove EP from measurements on tissues for all practical frequency ranges. A method of correction for contributions of EP to the dielectric properties of tissues is proposed. The method is based on modeling the electrode impedance with suitable functions and on the observation that certain parameters are only dependent on electrodes properties and can thus be determined separately. The method is tested on various samples with known properties, and its usefulness is demonstrated with samples of normal and cancerous human female breast tissue. It is observed that the dielectric properties of the tissues over the frequency range 40 Hz-100 MHz are significantly different among different types of breast tissue. This observation is used further to demonstrate that, by scanning the tip of the measuring dielectric probe (with modest spatial resolution) across a sample of excised breast tissue, significant variations in the electrical properties are detected at a position where a tumor is located. This study shows that dielectric spectroscopy has the potential to offer a viable alternative to the current methods for detection of breast cancer in vivo.
An Unambiguous Electron-Counting Notation for Metallaboratranes (2006)

To preempt the emergence of conflicting assignments of dn configurations for metallaboratranes, it is recommended that line formulas include a superscript denoting the total number of electrons associated with the metal d orbitals and the M→B bond: viz., [Os(CO)(PPh3){B(mt)3](Os→B)8, [IrH(CO)(PPh3){HB(mt)2}](Ir→B)8, [RhCl(DMAP){BPh(C6H4PiPr2)2}](Rh→B)8, [PtI2{B(mt)3}](Pt→B)8, and [Pt(PPh3){B(mt)3}](Pt→B)10 (mt = methimazolyl, DMAP = (dimethylamino)pyridine).
Encapsulating plant ingredients for dermocosmetic application: an updated review of delivery systems and characterization techniques (2019)

Today, there is a rising demand and ongoing search for novel plant-derived phytochemicals in the cosmetic market owing to the growing consumer expectations worldwide for green and natural health products. Various plant ingredients, including polyphenols, oils, volatile oils, vitamins and other herbal extracts, have been extensively used in herbal cosmetics. Recent advances in encapsulation technologies have greatly improved their chemical stability, biocompatibility, skin permeability and dermocosmetic efficiency when applied topically. This comprehensive review summarizes the up-to-date information on encapsulated plant ingredients tailored for dermocosmetic application with a focus on the development of novel delivery systems. An overview of the commonly used techniques for carrier characterization, performance-related properties and toxicological evaluation is also included, which might provide guidance for researchers to select or develop appropriate assay systems.
PKM2 promotes tumor angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1α through NF-κB activation (2016)

Our study suggests that in hypoxic pancreatic tumors PKM2 interferes both with NF-κB/p65 and HIF-1α activation that ultimately triggers VEGF-A secretion and subsequent blood vessel formation.
Physiological properties of motoneurons innervating different muscle unit types in rat gastrocnemius (1993)

1. The contractile properties of gastrocnemius muscle units and the electrophysiological properties of their innervating motoneurons were examined in anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in situ, using conventional microelectrode techniques. 2. Muscle units (n = 70) were classified as fast (F) or slow (S) on the basis of the degree of force summation during stimulation at 25 Hz, as well as fatigue resistance, in response to current injection into innervating motoneurons. S units categorized using these criteria were also found to invariably demonstrate twitch half-relaxation times (RT1/2) > 28 ms, with F units demonstrating RT1/2 < 27 ms. Some overlap was present between F and S units in twitch time-to-peck tension (TPT). 3. S muscle units were innervated by motoneurons with significantly higher afterhyperpolarization (AHP) times-to-peak and half-decay times, AHP amplitudes, and input resistances than F units. Motoneurons innervating S units also demonstrated slower mean axon conduction velocity than F units. 4. F units were further classified as fast fatiguing (FF), fast fatigue-resistant (FR), or fast intermediate (FI) on the basis of their fatigue resistance. Muscle unit forces were different among the unit types such that FF > FI > FR > S. Twitch TPT and RT1/2 differed such that FF < FI, FR < S. 5. No differences among FF, FI, and FR units were found for measures of AHP time course, AHP amplitude, rheobase, or input resistance. The only motoneuron property that differed among F unit types was axon conduction velocity, which was lower for FF than for FI and FR units. 6. The best relationships between muscle unit and motoneuron physiological properties were between expression of twitch time course, which included RT1/2 and AHP half-decay time (r = 0.73 to 0.74). S units always had AHP half-decay times > 20 ms, whereas for F units, values never exceeded 19 ms. Correlations between these variables increased when only S units were considered (r = 0.86-0.97), and were weak and not significant among F units only. 7. The only other significant correlations between muscle unit and motoneuron properties > 0.5 were between input resistance and expressions of twitch time course (r = 0.56-0.66). These relationships were nonexistent when type S units were not included in the analysis. 8. A sample of tibial motoneurons (n = 98) that innervated hindlimb muscles other than gastrocnemius was combined with the gastrocnemius motoneurons to examine interrelationships among motoneuron properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Face liveness detection with component dependent descriptor (2013)

Spoofing attacks mainly include printing artifacts, electronic screens and ultra-realistic face masks or models. In this paper, we propose a component-based face coding approach for liveness detection. The proposed method consists of four steps: (1) locating the components of face; (2) coding the low-level features respectively for all the components; (3) deriving the high-level face representation by pooling the codes with weights derived from Fisher criterion; (4) concatenating the histograms from all components into a classifier for identification. The proposed framework makes good use of micro differences between genuine faces and fake faces. Meanwhile, the inherent appearance differences among different components are retained. Extensive experiments on three published standard databases demonstrate that the method can achieve the best liveness detection performance in three databases.
Exploring Circulating Tumor Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma Using a Novel Glycosaminoglycan Probe on a Microfluidic Platform (2020)

The search of alternative approaches to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTC), is on the rise. This work attempts at evaluating the feasibility of using a new glycosaminoglycan, SCH45, as a probe to isolate CTCs from the peripheral blood of 65 advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. The positive enrichment of CTCs from 1 mL of blood using SCH45-bound magnetic beads and subsequent staining on an integrated microfluidic platform is demonstrated. Results detailing CTC concentrations averaging ≥1 CTCs mL<sup>-1</sup> of blood are shown, and a conventional protein biomarker, EpCAM, has been used to corroborate the finding that 100% of the patients possess CTCs in their blood. Studies detailing the use of CTCs in the prognostic monitoring and treatment effectiveness of advanced/metastatic CCA are scarce, and the isolation of CTCs from all CCA patients tested has not been reported yet. A strong correlation between CTC counts and disease progression at the time of and/or in advance of radiographic imaging in patients receiving chemotherapy is also reported. This study is one of its kind with the new probe and reduced sample volume and has potential for use in CCA diagnosis and prognosis in the near future.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry: 50 Years of Synergy between AGFD and<i>JAFC</i> (2009)

The Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (AGFD) and the American Chemical Society had the foresight to launch the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 1953. JAFC, still closely connected with the Division, has grown to be the premier international journal in the field, providing an outlet for publishing original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and editorials, for agricultural and food chemists from many nations. JAFC has expanded coverage of current areas of intense interest, such as bioactive constituents of foods, biotechnology, and biobased products and biofuels, as well as continuing strong coverage of such mainstream categories as food chemistry/biochemistry, analytical methods, safety and toxicology, and agrochemistry. In 2008 alone, JAFC published over 1650 peer-reviewed manuscripts, several symposia (largely from AGFD symposia at ACS National Meetings), and a number of reviews. The synergy between AGFD and JAFC offers many benefits and exciting opportunities for advancing the science of agricultural and food chemistry for the future.
A PCT algorithm for discontinuation of antibiotic therapy is a cost-effective way to reduce antibiotic exposure in adult intensive care patients with sepsis (2015)

Proven safe, a PCT algorithm for antibiotic discontinuation is a cost-effective means of reducing antibiotic exposure in adult ICU patients with sepsis, compared to current practice. Additional resources required for PCT are more than offset by downstream cost savings. This finding is highly important given the aim of preventing widespread antibiotic resistance.
Loss-free handover for IP datacast over DVB-H networks (2005)

Mobility is a very important requirement for handheld broadcast reception terminals. It has to be ensured that a service can be continued without interruption when the user moves from one location to another. With digital video broadcasting handheld (DVB-H), such soft handovers are possible even with only one receiver front-end. In this paper it is considered how the off-times between the transmission bursts which are a feature of DVB-Hs can be used to perform those handovers. Limitations are described. A technology called "phase shifting" is proposed. This proposal was submitted to the IP datacast over DVB-H call for technologies and has been preliminary accepted in the DVB project to be added to the specification.