gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two genes encode the adenine nucleotide translocator of maize mitochondria (1989)

Southern blot hybridisation of maize (Zea mays) genomic DNA with a specific cDNA probe and sequence analysis of several cDNAs have revealed that the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ADP/ATP carrier) is encoded by two genes, both of which are expressed in dark-grown coleoptile tissue. The structural genes (designated ANT-G1 and ANT-G2), encoding the two translocator polypeptides, have been isolated from a maize genomic library and characterised by DNA sequence analysis, mung bean nuclease mapping and primer extension. The two genes each contain two introns and encode very similar proteins. Transcripts from both genes have long (approximately 200 nucleotides) 5' untranslated leaders which are unusual in that they contain several ATG codons upstream of the initiation codon. Transcript analysis of RNA extracted from serial sections of developing maize leaves reveals that the translocator genes are most actively transcribed in the basal meristem, while transcripts were undetectable in green leaves.
Influence of modifier cations on the radiation-induced effects of metaphosphate glasses (2003)

The influence of different modifying cations on the radiation-induced defect generation in metaphosphate glasses was studied by optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For this task, several model glasses were prepared. These were simple metaphosphates of alkaline earths, aluminum and zinc. The synthesized glass samples were irradiated with X-rays and with UV light from an Xe/Hg lamp. The cation-dependent differences in the structure of the phosphate glasses were found to have a great influence on the concentration of some radiation-induced defects and thus on the optical absorption. The influence of the different cations became especially distinct under UV light Irradiation due to the selective interaction of the UV light with the glass samples. Some additional phenomena were observed for the irradiated zinc and magnesium metaphosphate glasses which were not found by the previously undertaken study of complex phosphate glasses.
Evaluating the College Sophomore Problem: The Case of Personality and Politics (2010)

College sophomores feature prominently in social scientific research but are frequently criticized for providing unrepresentative, invalid, and unreliable data. Using the case of personality and politics, the present authors evaluated those critiques, concluding that college sophomores are not representative of the general adult population on all 5 factors of personality. Despite this limitation, analyses show that the relationship between personality and political opinions is virtually identical for college students and a comparison group of adults. Further, a range of reliability statistics suggests that college students provide reliable data on personality. College students are not a panacea for the problems of participant recruiting, but they should not be discounted as unreliable and invalid, either. In many cases, the so-called "college-sophomore problem" is not a problem.
Telomere Elongation in Dyskeratosis Congenita Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 497 Patients with dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a disorder of telomere maintenance, suffer premature degeneration of multiple tissues. Bone marrow failure is the principal cause of mortality, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation is limited by increased treatment-related mortality. Somatic cells can be reprogrammed using defined genetic and chemical factors, yielding “induced pluripotent stem” (iPS) cell lines which have the capacity to differentiate into any tissue. Patient-specific iPS cells therefore hold promise as therapeutic agents and disease models for human degenerative disorders like DC. A cardinal feature of iPS cells is acquisition of indefinite self-renewal capacity, and we have found that telomere length is increased in human iPS cells relative to the normal primary somatic cells from which they are derived. Here we investigated whether defects in telomerase function would limit derivation or self-renewal of iPS cells from patients with DC. We reprogrammed primary fibroblasts from patients with X-linked and autosomal dominant DC, caused by mutations in the genes encoding dyskerin and telomerase RNA component (TERC), respectively. We were able to establish multiple DC-specific iPS lines showing all hallmarks of pluripotency, including the formation of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Unexpectedly, DC-specific iPS cells were able to sustain continual proliferation in vitro, in contrast to the premature senescence displayed by the DC fibroblasts. Although early passage DC iPS cells had shorter telomeres than donor fibroblasts, we found that telomere length in DC iPS cells increased with continued passage in culture. To explain this finding, we discovered that steady state levels of TERC, which are critically limiting in several forms of DC, are upregulated in normal and DC iPS cells. We found that TERC upregulation is a feature of the pluripotent state, that the TERC locus is a target of pluripotency-associated transcription factors, and that transcriptional silencing accompanies a 3' deletion at the TERC locus in autosomal dominant DC. Our results demonstrate that reprogramming restores self-renewal capacity in DC cells despite genetic lesions affecting telomerase, and suggest that strategies to enhance endogenous TERC expression may be feasible and therapeutically beneficial in DC patients. The studies demonstrate the value of patient-specific iPS cells for basic and translational discovery, and further the rationale for autologous iPS based cellular therapy of genetic hematologic disorders. Disclosures: Daley: MPM Capital: Consultancy; Solasia: Consultancy; Epizyme: Consultancy; iPierian: Consultancy, Equity Ownership.
STUDIES OF GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN SEPTIC INJURED PATIENTS (1974)

GUMP, FRANK E. M.D.; LONG, CALVIN PH.D.; KILLIAN, PAUL M.D.; KINNEY, JOHN M. M.D. Author Information
Near-Synonymy and Lexical Choice (2002)

We develop a new computational model for representing the fine-grained meanings of near-synonyms and the differences between them. We also develop a lexical-choice process that can decide which of several near-synonyms is most appropriate in a particular situation. This research has direct applications in machine translation and text generation. We first identify the problems of representing near-synonyms in a computational lexicon and show that no previous model adequately accounts for near-synonymy. We then propose a preliminary theory to account for near-synonymy, relying crucially on the notion of granularity of representation, in which the meaning of a word arises out of a context-dependent combination of a context-independent core meaning and a set of explicit differences to its near-synonyms. That is, near-synonyms cluster together. We then develop a clustered model of lexical knowledge, derived from the conventional ontological model. The model cuts off the ontology at a coarse grain, thus avoiding an awkward proliferation of language-dependent concepts in the ontology, yet maintaining the advantages of efficient computation and reasoning. The model groups near-synonyms into subconceptual clusters that are linked to the ontology. A cluster differentiates near-synonyms in terms of fine-grained aspects of denotation, implication, expressed attitude, and style. The model is general enough to account for other types of variation, for instance, in collocational behavior. An efficient, robust, and flexible fine-grained lexical-choice process is a consequence of a clustered model of lexical knowledge. To make it work, we formalize criteria for lexical choice as preferences to express certain concepts with varying indirectness, to express attitudes, and to establish certain styles. The lexical-choice process itself works on two tiers: between clusters and between near-synonyns of clusters. We describe our prototype implementation of the system, called I-Saurus.
Cysteine Metabolism in <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> : Characterization of an <scp>l</scp> -Cystine-Utilizing Mutant (2006)

Growth of Legionella pneumophila on buffered charcoal-yeast extract (BCYE) medium is dependent on L-cysteine (but not L-cystine), which is added in excess over what is required for nutrition. We investigated the biochemical and genetic bases for this unusual requirement and determined that much of the L-cysteine in BCYE medium is rapidly oxidized to L-cystine and is unavailable to the bacteria. Analysis of cysteine consumption during bacterial growth indicated that of the 11% consumed, 3.85% (approximately 0.1 mM) was incorporated into biomass. The activities of two key cysteine biosynthetic enzymes (serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase) were not detected in cell extracts of L. pneumophila, and the respective genes were not present in the genome sequences, confirming cysteine auxotrophy. Kinetic studies identified two energy-dependent cysteine transporters, one with high affinity (apparent Km, 3.29 microM) and the other with low affinity (apparent Km, 93 microM), each of which was inhibited by the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Cystine was not transported by L. pneumophila; however, a mutant strain capable of growth on L-cystine (CYS1 mutant) transported L-cystine with similar kinetics (Km, 4.4 microM and 90 microM). Based on the bipartite kinetics, requirement for proton motive force, and inhibitor studies, we suggest that a high-affinity periplasmic binding protein and a major facilitator/symporter (low affinity) mediate uptake. The latter most likely is functional at high cysteine concentrations and most likely displays altered substrate specificity in the CYS-1 mutant. Our studies provide biochemical evidence to support a general view that L. pneumophila is restricted to an intracellular lifestyle in natural environments by an inability to utilize cystine, which most likely ensures that the dormant cyst-like transmissible forms do not germinate outside suitable protozoan hosts.
High efficiency blue light emitting unipolar transistor incorporating multifunctional electrodes (2009)

The authors report on blue light emitting unipolar organic light emitting transistors (OLETs) with external quantum efficiency up to 0.2% by using multifunctional Mg/Au electrodes formed in combination with an efficient light emitting fluorene derivative. A mobility up to 6×10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been achieved, which is comparable to previous results from time of flight mobility measurements. An anomalous light emission behavior is observed in unipolar OLETs. The phenomenon is discussed in light of the effects of electron injection and outcoupling efficiency, respectively. Our results show that the multifunctional electrodes are useful for implementing highly efficient unipolar OLETs.
Reduced hippocampal MT<sub>2</sub> melatonin receptor expression in Alzheimer's disease (2004)

The aim of the present study was to identify the distribution of the second melatonin receptor (MT2) in the human hippocampus of elderly controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. This is the first report of immunohistochemical MT2 localization in the human hippocampus both in control and AD cases. The specificity of the MT2 antibody was ascertained by fluorescence microscopy using the anti-MT2 antibody in HEK 293 cells expressing recombinant MT2, in immunoblot experiments on membranes from MT2 expressing cells, and, finally, by immunoprecipitation experiments of the native MT2. MT2 immunoreactivity was studied in the hippocampus of 16 elderly control and 16 AD cases. In controls, MT2 was localized in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal subfields CA1-4 and in some granular neurons of the stratum granulosum. The overall intensity of the MT2 staining was distinctly decreased in AD cases. The results indicate that MT2 may be involved in mediating the effects of melatonin in the human hippocampus, and this mechanism may be heavily impaired in AD.
Cell-Specific Transcriptional Regulation and Reactivation of Galectin-1 Gene Expression Are Controlled by DNA Methylation of the Promoter Region (1996)

The galectin-1 gene is developmentally regulated gene whose activity is strongly modulated during cell differentiation and transformation. We have previously shown that galectin-1 promoter constructs are highly active when transiently transfected in cells both expressing and not expressing the endogenous gene and that the basal activity is determined by a small region encompassing the transcription start site (from positions -50 to +50). We have now investigated the role of DNA methylation in galectin-1 gene expression. Southern blot analysis with HpaII and MspI endonucleases and sodium bisulfite analysis of genomic DNA from expressing and nonexpressing cell lines and cell hybrids showed a close correlation between gene activity and demethylation of the 5' region of the galectin-1 gene. We found that the galectin-1 promoter region is fully methylated, at every CpG site on both strands, in nonexpressing differentiated rat liver (FAO) and thyroid (PC C13) cells and unmethylated in the expressing undifferentiated liver (BRL3A) and thyroid transformed (PC myc/raf) cell lines. In addition, reactivation of the silent FAO alleles in FAO-human osteosarcoma (143tk-) hybrid cells is accompanied by a complete demethylation of the promoter region. Finally, when galectin-1 chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) promoter constructs were methylated in vitro by SssI methylase at every cytosine residue of the CpG doublets and transfected into mouse fibroblasts, the transcription of the CAT reporter gene was strongly inhibited.
M<scp>ATING</scp>B<scp>EHAVIOR AND</scp>C<scp>HEMICAL</scp>C<scp>OMMUNICATION IN THE</scp>O<scp>RDER</scp>H<scp>YMENOPTERA</scp> (2001)

Insects of the order Hymenoptera are biologically and economically important members of natural and agro ecosystems and exhibit diverse biologies, mating systems, and sex pheromones. We review what is known of their sex pheromone chemistry and function, paying particular emphasis to the Hymenoptera Aculeata (primarily ants, bees, and sphecid and vespid wasps), and provide a framework for the functional classification of their sex pheromones. Sex pheromones often comprise multicomponent blends derived from numerous exocrine tissues, including the cuticle. However, very few sex pheromones have been definitively characterized using bioassays, in part because of the behavioral sophistication of many Aculeata. The relative importance of species isolation versus sexual selection in shaping sex pheromone evolution is still unclear. Many species appear to discriminate among mates at the level of individual or kin/colony, and they use antiaphrodisiacs. Some orchids use hymenopteran sex pheromones to dupe males into performing pseudocopulation, with extreme species specificity.
Heraclitus: A LFSR-based Stream Cipher with Key Dependent Structure. (2010)

We describe Heraclitus as an example of a stream cipher that uses a 128 bit index string to specify the structure of each instance in real time: each instance of Heraclitus will be a stream cipher based on mutually clocked shift registers. Ciphers with key-dependent structures have been investigated and are generally based on Feistel networks. Heraclitus, however, is based on mutually clocked shift registers. Ciphers of this type have been extensively analysed, and published attacks on them will be infeasible against any instance of Heraclitus. The speed and security of Heraclitus makes it suitable as a session cipher, that is, an instance is generated at key exchange and used for one session. 1
T Helper 2 (Th2) T Cells Induce Acute Pancreatitis and Diabetes in Immune-compromised Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mice (1997)

Autoimmune diabetes is caused by the CD4(+), T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated apoptosis of insulin-producing beta cells. We have previously shown that Th2 T cells bearing the same T cell receptor (TCR) as the diabetogenic Th1 T cells invade islets in neonatal nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice but fail to cause disease. Moreover, when mixed in excess and cotransferred with Th1 T cells, Th2 T cells could not protect NOD neonates from Th1-mediated diabetes. We have now found, to our great surprise, the same Th2 T cells that produced a harmless insulitis in neonatal NOD mice produced intense and generalized pancreatitis and insulitis associated with islet cell necrosis, abscess formation, and subsequent diabetes when transferred into immunocompromised NOD.scid mice. These lesions resembled allergic inflamation and contained a large eosinophilic infiltrate. Moreover, the Th2-mediated destruction of islet cells was mediated by local interleukin-10 (IL-10) production but not by IL-4. These findings indicate that under certain conditions Th2 T cells may not produce a benign or protective insulitis but rather acute pathology and disease. Additionally, these results lead us to question the feasibility of Th2-based therapy in type I diabetes, especially in immunosuppressed recipients of islet cell transplants.
Viscosity Blending Relationships of Heavy Petroleum Oils (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscosity Blending Relationships of Heavy Petroleum OilsM. H. Rahmes and W. L. NelsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 10, 912–915Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60022a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60022a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views507Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards WSI testable devices: an improved scan insertion technique (2002)

The aim of this paper is to introduce a different approach for the application of the partial scan methodology into a circuit to provide the most convenient solution in terms of overheads and performances. First testability analysis, based on new testability conditions, is performed to identify areas that are hard-to-test; then the partial scan technique is applied in a modified fashion only to the identified critical areas.
A highly safe and inflame retarding aramid lithium ion battery separator by a papermaking process (2013)

An aramid membrane with good electrolyte wettability, high ionic conductivity, excellent inflame retarding property and superior thermal resistance has been successfully fabricated via a facile papermaking process for improving the safety characteristic of lithium ion battery. The aramid membrane endows the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)/graphite cell superior cycle performance and better interfacial flexibility. In addition, the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)/lithium cell using such aramid membrane exhibited stable charge–discharge profiles and satisfactory cycling stability even at an elevated temperature of 120 °C. These fascinating characteristics and facile papermaking method provide potential application as separator in high energy lithium ion battery.
Monitoring and control of styrene solution polymerization using NIR spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract Tailored polymer resins are frequently required for a given application. The lack of instruments for in‐line monitoring of polymer quality has long been recognized as an important problem in polymerization reactor control. Using the styrene solution polymerization system as an example, we present the use of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as an alternative tool for in‐line and in situ monitoring and control of monomer conversion and average molecular weight of polymer resins. By using a Kalman filter state estimator and an accurate first‐principle model, the control loop could be successfully closed to track desired monomer values and average molecular weights. Two process control strategies, one based on the optimal control theory and the other on model predictive control, were implemented both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results showed that it is feasible to use NIR spectroscopy for the simultaneous control of monomer conversion and polymer average molecular weight. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1273–1289, 2003
Fatal Naegleria fowleri Infection Acquired in Minnesota: Possible Expanded Range of a Deadly Thermophilic Organism (2012)

This first reported case of PAM acquired in Minnesota occurred 550 miles north of the previously reported northernmost case in the Americas. Clinicians should be aware that N. fowleri-associated PAM can occur in areas at much higher latitude than previously described. Local weather patterns and long-term climate change could impact the frequency of PAM.
Differential Production of IL-23 and IL-12 by Myeloid-Derived Dendritic Cells in Response to TLR Agonists (2008)

The recently delineated role for IL-23 in enhancing Th-17 activity suggests that regulation of its expression is distinct from that of IL-12. We hypothesized that independent TLR-mediated pathways are involved in the regulation of IL-12 and IL-23 production by myeloid-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The TLR 2 ligand, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the TLR 4 ligand, LPS, and the TLR 7/8 ligand, resimiquod (R848), induced production of IL-23 by DCs. None of these TLR ligands alone induced significant IL-12 production, except when combined with IFN-gamma or other TLR ligands. Notably, IL-23 production in response to single TLR ligands was inhibited by IL-4. DCs treated with single TLR agonists induced IL-17A production by allogeneic and Ag-specific memory CD4(+) T cells, an effect that was abrogated by IL-23 neutralization. Moreover, these DCs stimulated IL-17A production by tumor peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, DCs treated with dual signals induced naive and memory Th1 responses and enhanced the functional avidity of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. These results indicate that distinct microbial-derived stimuli are required to drive myeloid DC commitment to IL-12 or IL-23 production, thereby differentially polarizing T cell responses.
A PROPÓSITO DE ALGUNOS EPIGRAMAS ATRIBUIDOS A LUCIANO (2008)

La Antología griega incluye entre sus poemas un conjunto de epigramas que suelen atribuirse a Luciano de Samosata, pero dicha atribución ha sido puesta en duda. Nuestro propósito es revisar algunos de esos epigramas, todos ellos del libro XI, en el que se concentran la mayor parte de epigramas de carácter burlesco dentro de la colección. Se trata de poemas relacionados con el ámbito del simposio, de la erudición y de la sofística, ya que son éstos motivos habituales sobre los que abunda la sátira mordaz del samosatense a lo largo de su obra.