gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments verify predictions of condensate movements (1991)

Experiments carried out in laboratories at the University of Amsterdam and NV Nederlandse Gasunie have verified a model for predicting the route preference of condensate at T junctions in gas-transportation pipelines. The double-stream model, can be applied to sharp-edged and radiused, regular, and reduced T and Y junctions. The model explains condensate behavior at a junction. From this information precautions can be taken to install gas-liquid separators at those pipeline sections where condensate accumulates. Such accumulations may cause problems in gas-fired appliances or damage delicate instruments in gas control and compressor stations. Verification of the model was derived from experimental results from literature and from experiments carried out at the University of Amsterdam with air-water flow in a horizontal tube with a horizontal regular T (ID: 0.051/0.051 m; 2/2 in.) Moreover, a comparison has been made between results obtained with the double-stream model and those from high-pressure experiments carried out at the research department of NV Nederlandse Gasunie with natural-gas condensate in a horizontal reduced T (ID: 0.075/0.050 m; 3/2 in.). The agreement between measured and calculated results was good.
Effect of a buffering sugar-free lozenge on intraoral pH and electrochemical action (1991)

Two double-blind crossover studies were performed to test a sugar-free lozenge containing bicarbonate and phosphate buffers (Profylin). The studies were performed in groups of 20 and 13 individuals. In Study I active buffering or placebo lozenge (not buffered) was given, and the pH of plaque and saliva was measured after 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. In study II the lozenges were given 10 min after a sucrose rinse, and both the pH and the potential and polarization of amalgam restorations that made contact in the oral cavity were measured. In study I both lozenges increased the pH of plaque and saliva, but the values after sucking on the active lozenge were significantly higher than after placebo. In study II a pH recovery of plaque and saliva after the sucrose rinse was recorded for both types of lozenge, but it was most pronounced for the active, buffering lozenge. A statistically significant difference was, however, found only 5 min after sucking on the lozenge. No influence on the current magnitude was observed. The results thus indicate that the buffering sugar-free lozenge raises the pH of plaque and saliva and accelerates the pH recovery after a sucrose rinse but seems to have no influence on the galvanic current magnitude of amalgam restorations in contact.
Electronic noses for the qualitative and quantitative determination of environmental odours (2012)

For odour impact assessment purposes it may be very useful to dispose of an instrument (electronic nose) capable of both qualifying and quantifying odours in ambient air. For this reason, in the last decade, at the Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with Sacmi s.c. and Progress S.r.l., specific electronic noses for the continuous monitoring of environmental odours were developed. Since the first instrument developed (EOS 835), during the last years an innovative electronic nose was realized (EOS 507) with the aim of guaranteeing better performances on field. This paper reports the results of laboratory tests performed on different pure compounds, selected among compounds that are typical of environmental odour emissions, proving the capability of the new instrument EOS 507 of discriminating odours and to determine their concentrations up to very low odour concentration values (about 30ouE/m3). Moreover, the two instruments (EOS 507 and EOS 835) were used on field, in order to verify their performances with real environmental odours.
InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with ITO p-contact layers prepared by RF sputtering (2003)

Indium tin oxide (250 nm) and Ni(5 nm)/Au(10 nm) films were successfully deposited onto both glass substrates and p-GaN epitaxial layers. The normalized transmittance of the as-deposited ITO film was 90.6% at 450 nm, which was much larger than that of Ni/Au film. The transmittance of the RF sputtered ITO film could be increased to 97.8% with in situ annealing. In situ annealing of ITO films would also improve the electrical properties of ITO on p-GaN. Nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were also fabricated. It was found that the 20 mA forward voltage was 3.16 V, 5.74 V and 4.28 V for the LEDs with Ni/Au, as-deposited ITO and in situ annealed ITO p-contact layer, respectively.
The homeobox gene <i>Siamois</i> is a target of the Wnt dorsalisation pathway and triggers organiser activity in the absence of mesoderm (1996)

Siamois, a Xenopus zygotic homeobox gene with strong dorsalising activity, is expressed in the dorsal-vegetal organiser known as the Nieuwkoop centre. We show that, in contrast to Spemann organiser genes such as goosecoid, chordin and noggin, Siamois gene expression is not induced following overexpression of mesoderm inducers in ectodermal (animal cap) cells. However, Siamois is induced by overexpressing a dorsalising Wnt molecule. Furthermore, like Wnt, Siamois can dorsalise ventral mesoderm and cooperate with Xbrachyury to generate dorsal mesoderm. These results suggest that Siamois is a mediator of the Wnt-signalling pathway and that the synergy between the Wnt and mesoderm induction pathways occurs downstream of the early target genes of these two pathways. Overexpression of Siamois in animal cap cells reveals that this gene can act in a non vegetal or mesodermal context. We show the following. (1) Animal cap cells overexpressing Siamois secrete a factor able to dorsalise ventral gastrula mesoderm in tissue combination experiments. (2) The Spemann organiser-specific genes goosecoid, Xnr-3 and chordin, but not Xlim.1, are activated in these caps while the ventralising gene Bmp-4 is repressed. However, the dorsalising activity of Siamois-expressing animal caps is significantly different from that of noggin- or chordin-expressing animal caps, suggesting the existence of other dorsalising signals in the embryo. (3) Ectodermal cells overexpressing Siamois secrete a neuralising signal and can differentiate into cement gland and, to a lesser extent, into neural tissue. Hence, in the absence of mesoderm induction, overexpression of Siamois is sufficient to confer organiser properties on embryonic cells.
Identification of Pathways for Bipolar Disorder (2014)

Pathways involved in the genetic predisposition to BP include hormonal regulation, calcium channels, second messenger systems, and glutamate signaling. Gene expression studies implicate neuronal development pathways as well. These results tend to reinforce specific hypotheses regarding BP neurobiology and may provide clues for new approaches to treatment and prevention.
<title>Latent image exposure monitor using scatterometry</title> (1992)

We discuss the use of light scattered from a latent image to control photoresist exposure dose and focus conditions which results in improved control of the critical dimension (CD) of the developed photoresist. A laser at a nonexposing wavelength is used to illuminate a latent image grating. The light diffracted from the grating is directly related to the exposure dose and focus and thus to the resultant CD in the developed resist. Modeling has been done using rigorous coupled wave analysis to predict the diffraction from a latent image as a function of the substrate optical properties and the photoactive compound (PAC) concentration distribution inside the photoresist. It is possible to use the model to solve the inverse problem: given the diffraction, to predict the parameters of the latent image and hence the developed pattern. This latent image monitor can be implemented in a stepper to monitor exposure in situ, or prior to development to predict the developed CD of a wafer for early detection of bad devices. Experimentation has been conducted using various photoresists and substrates with excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The technique has been used to characterize a test pattern with a focused spot as small as 36 micrometers in diameter. Using diffracted light from a simulated closed-loop control of exposure dose, CD control was improved by as much as four times for substrates with variations in underlying film thickness, compared to using fixed exposure time. The latent image monitor has also been applied to wafers with rough metal substrates and focus optimization.
Fluorescent Indolylboronic Acids that are Useful Reporters for the Synthesis of Boronolectins (2006)

Lectins are known to regulate a wide variety of biological processes. Therefore, small molecule mimics of lectins have the potential to be used as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In our combinatorial search for lectin mimics, we are in need a large number of boronic acids that change fluorescent properties upon carbohydrate binding. Along this line, a series of indolylboronic acids have been found to show significant fluorescent property changes upon binding with carbohydrates in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at physiological pH. These boronic acids will be very useful for the synthesis of lectin mimics for biological applications.
Argus: the digital doorman (2001)

When you've visited someone in a large apartment or office complex, chances are that a security guard in the lobby granted you access. Perhaps over time, the guard has learned to associate you with the person you plan to visit and immediately notifies that person over the building intercom when you arrive. Argus, named after the vigilant watchman from Greek mythology, is an automated version of such a security guard: a system for automatic visitor identification. We successfully implemented and tested Argus at Just Research. To detect visitors, Argus's digital camera photographs the building entrance at regular intervals, and a motion detection algorithm identifies potential scenes containing visitors. Using a neural-network-based face detector, Argus extracts faces from these images. A memory-based face recognition system examines these faces and attempts to find visually similar matches in its stored database of visitors. An interface agent notifies system users whenever visitors arrive. Users can also provide feedback to Argus in the event of misclassified visitors. Because the face recognizer can learn online, Argus immediately incorporates these corrections into its face recognition data set.
Classification of Dry‐Milled Maize Grit Yield Groups Using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Decision Tree Algorithm (2007)

ABSTRACT A genetically and environmentally diverse collection of maize ( Zea maize L.) samples was evaluated for physical properties and grit yield to help develop a standard set of criteria to identify grain best suited for dry‐milling. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) reduced a set of approximately 500 samples collected from six states to 154 maize hybrids. Selected maize hybrids were placed into seven groups according to their dry‐milled grit yields. Regression analysis explained only 50% of the variability in dry‐milling grit yield. Patterns of differences in the physical properties for the seven grit yield groups implied that the seven yield groups could be placed into two or three groups. Using two pattern recognition techniques for improving classification accuracy, quadratic discriminant analysis and the classification and regression tree (CART) model, dry‐milled grit yield groups were predicted. The estimated correct classification rates were 69–80% when the samples were divided into three yield groups and 81–90% when samples were divided into two yield groups. The results indicated the comparable success of both techniques and the superiority of the decision tree algorithm to quadratic discriminant analysis by offering higher accuracy and clearer classification rules in differentiating among dry‐milled grit yield groups.
On Compression of Encrypted Video (2007)

We consider video sequences that have been encrypted uncompressed. Since encryption masks the source, traditional data compression algorithms are rendered ineffective. However, it has been shown that through the use of distributed source-coding techniques, the compression of encrypted data is in fact possible. This means that it is possible to reduce data size without requiring that the data be compressed prior to encryption. Indeed, under some reasonable conditions, neither security nor compression efficiency need be sacrificed when compression is performed on the encrypted data (Johnson et al., 2004). In this paper we develop an algorithm for the practical lossless compression of encrypted gray scale video. Our method is based on considering the temporal correlations in the video. This move to temporal dependence builds on our previous work on memoryless sources, and one- and two-dimensional Markov sources. For comparison, a motion-compensated lossless video encoder can compress each unencrypted frame of the standard "Foreman" test video sequence by about 57%. Our algorithm can compress the same frames, after encryption, by about 33%
An Investigation on Proprioceptors in the Human Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles by Using Silver Impregnation Method (1992)

The silver impregnation method developed by Barker was used to investigate proprioceptors in human intrinsic laryngeal muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles were obtained from the laryngectomy specimen of a 65-year-old male patient suffering from laryngeal cancer. Under a light microscope, receptors which are accompanied by special terminal apparatuses, including muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs and spiral nerve endings, were observed as well as free nerve endings which have no special terminal apparatus. In other words, the intrinsic laryngeal muscles investigated had all types of proprioceptors like other skeletal muscles. These findings may renew our understanding of physiological meanings of proprioceptors in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft (2015)

Similar to the efforts to move toward electric vehicles, much research has focused on the idea of a more electric aircraft (MEA). The motivations for this research are similar to that for vehicles and include goals to reduce emissions and decrease fuel consumption. In traditional aircraft, multiple systems may use one type or a combination of types of energy, including electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, and pneumatic energy. However, all energy types have different drawbacks, including the sacrifice of total engine efficiency in the process of harvesting a particular energy, as with hydraulic and pneumatic systems. The goal for future aircraft is to replace most of the major systems currently utilizing nonelectric power, such as environmental controls and engine start, with new electrical systems to improve a variety of aircraft characteristics, such as efficiency, emissions, reliability, and maintenance costs. This paper provides an in-depth look into how the systems have-or will be-changed. Future aircraft capabilities such as electric taxi and gas-electric propulsion for aircraft are also included for discussion. Most recent commercial transport aircrafts are described as the current state-of-the-art electric aircraft system. Future goals, including those of NASA, are presented for future advances in MEA.
Nanopatterning of Donor/Acceptor Hybrid Supramolecular Architectures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study (2008)

Hybrid supramolecular architectures have been fabricated with acceptor 1,4-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)-2,3-bis-dodecyloxy-benzene (PBP) and donor 2,6-bis(3,4,5-tris-dodecyloxy-phenyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT) compounds on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces, and their structures and molecular conductance are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). Stable, one-component adlayers of PBP and DTT are also investigated. The coadsorption of two-component mixtures of PBP and DTT results in a variety of hybrid nanopattern architectures that differ from those of their respective one-component surface assemblies. Adjusting the acceptor/donor molar ratio in mixed adlayer assemblies results in dramatic changes in the structure of the hybrid nanopatterns. STS measurements indicate that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PBP and DTT on an HOPG surface are relatively insensitive to changes in the hybrid supramolecular architectures. These results provide important insight into the design and fabrication of two-dimensional hybrid supramolecular architectures.
Detection of factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) in normal plasma (1978)

Factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) generated in heat- defibrinated plasma by the addition of thrombin can be measured by 14C- putrescine incorporation into casein. Modification of this assay be substituting 3H-putrescine of high specific activity as the donor amine permits measurement of amine incorporation by plasma even in the absence of added thrombin. Incorporation is calcium dependent, inhibited by iodoacetamide, and absent from congenital factor XIII- deficient plasma and from normal platelets. The transamidating activity detected by radioenzymatic assay catalyzed the formation of gamma-gamma dimers and alpha polymers of fibrin and was thus biologically functional. This fibrin cross-linking activity was absent from factor XIII-deficient plasma. These experiments show (1) some factor XIII is present in plasma as factor XIIIa; (2) this factor XIIIa can cross-link fibrin and thus has biologic activity as well; and (3) this activity is not present in factor XIII-deficient plasma. Factor XIIIa in normal plasma is possibly activated in vivo, perhaps by circulating thrombin, factor Xa, or other proteolytic enzymes.
Trends and Control Technologies of Volatile Organic Compound (2006)

Volatile organic compound (VOC) has been well-known to Korea since the end of 1990's however, it has not been well documented until now. In this study, present ambient VOC levels, VOC emission sources, and VOC control technologies were reviewed and discussed. In addition, VOC management strategies to cut down ozone concentrations were suggested based on the present VOC database. For anthropogenic VOC reduction, VOC emitted from painting processes and automobiles should be controlled in the first place in large cities such as Seoul, Daegu, and Incheon. For natural VOC management, low emission trees need to be planted in those cities. It is also very significant to keep updating present and future VOC emission inventories for efficient VOC control strategies. As a conclusion, more systematic VOC control road-map based on BACT (best available control technology) needs to be made up. and more economical and efficient VOC control techniques have to be developed under strong national support in order to lower toxic VOC and photochemical oxidant levels.
Effects of Physico-chemical Properties of a Detergent Builder on Detergencies (1974)

洗剤の重要なビルダーとして用いられているトリ,ポリリン酸ナトリウム(STPP)の代替物質を探索するため,さまざまな種類の有機系化合物の溶液物性と洗剤(直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム20%;STPPあるいは=有機系化合物(STPP代替ビルダー)20%;ケイ酸ナトリウム5%;Na2CO33%;Na2SO442%;水10%)の溶液物性あるいは洗浄力の関係を検討した。洗剤につい℃は,可溶化能(Xi),臨界ミセル濃度(瓦),RH(X,),分散能(瓦),カルシウムイオン捕捉龍(瓦),緩衝能(X6)およびさまざまな洗浄条件におげる洗浄力(D)を測定した。またビルダーについても,,Xs,x4,x5およびx6を測定した(xは洗剤のXにそれぞれ対応するビルダ,--の溶液物性)。X1,X2,X3および瓦はそれぞれ対応するxの影響を受けなかった。-方,X5=aXs+bおよびX6=c,/+dなる関係が明らかとなった(a,b,cおよびdは定数)。ゆえに,-定の洗浄条件におけるDOCXs,,Dcc～/魂なる関係は,STPP代替ビルター-に必要な物性がカルシウムイオン捕捉能と緩衝能であることを示唆している,コンピューターによるクラスター分析によって,前に述べた関係がいろいろの洗浄条件でも成立する傾向にあること,STPP代替ビルダーとしては,キレート性化合物と高分子電解質が低分子量の有機カルボン酸塩と非解離性水溶性高分子よりすぐれていることが明らかとなった。
Optofluidics of plants (2016)

Optofluidics is a tool for synthesizing optical systems, making use of the interaction of light with fluids. In this paper we explore optofluidic mechanisms that have evolved in plants where sunlight and fluidic control combine to define most of the functionality of the plan. We hope that the presentation of how plants function, from an optofluidics point of view, will open a window for the optics community to the vast literature of plant physiology and provide inspiration for new ideas for the design of bio-mimetic optofluidic devices.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)-Allylic Alcohols (2007)

The asymmetric addition of alkenylzincs to aromatic and alpha-branched aliphatic aldehydes catalyzed by 1 generated the corresponding (E)-allylic alcohols with >95% ee and good to excellent chemical yields, especially >99.5% ee was observed in the case of 4-CF3-benzaldehyde. Notably, 1 is an effective ligand to catalyze the addition of disubstituted (R2 = R3 = ethyl) and bulky substituted (R2 = H, R3 = tert-butyl) alkenylzincs to benzaldehyde, affording the corresponding allylic alcohols both with 96% ee.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Regulates Post–Myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Stress-Induced Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Vivo (2010)

Deletion of GSK-3beta protects against post-MI remodeling and promotes stress-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. These studies suggest that inhibition of GSK-3beta could be a strategy to both prevent remodeling and to promote cardiac regeneration in pathological states.
Protease inhibitors protect growth factor activity in chronic wounds (1997)

Journal Article Protease inhibitors protect growth factor activity in chronic wounds Get access M. Wlaschek, M. Wlaschek Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Peus, D. Peus Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Achterberg, V. Achterberg Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Meyer‐Ingold, W. Meyer‐Ingold Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Scharffetter‐Kochanek K. Scharffetter‐Kochanek Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 646–663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03804.x Published: 01 October 1997
Rupatadine and Levocetirizine for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (2010)

Rupatadine is a better choice for seasonal allergic rhinitis compared with levocetirizine because of its better efficacy and safety profile.