gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Ovarian Endometriotic Cysts (2001)

Current literature describes 3 different pathogenetic types of ovarian endometriotic cysts. Cortical invagination cysts arise when surface ovarian endometriotic deposits adhere to another structure (such as the broad ligament), blocking the egress of menstrual fluid produced by cycling endometriosis, which then collects and causes the ovarian cortex to invaginate. Surface inclusion cyst-related endometriotic cysts develop when endometriotic tissue colonizes preexisting inclusion cysts. Physiological cyst-related endometriotic cysts occur when endometriosis gains access to a follicle, such as at the time of ovulation. To determine whether routine histological examination is of use in the classification of endometriotic cysts, and if so, whether such classification is of clinical relevance, we reviewed the histology of endometriotic cysts of 29 women under 35 years of age. Young women were chosen so that ovarian cortex surrounding the endometriotic lining in invagination cysts could be identified by the finding of oocytes. Ten women (34%) had cortical invagination endometriotic cysts, but no inclusion or physiological cyst-related endometriomas were found. The remaining 19 women (66%) had unclassified endometriotic cysts, of which 14 (48% of total) had a fibrous wall between the endometriotic lining and medulla and 5 had extensive destruction of ovarian tissue. We concluded that cortical invagination cysts were the only common diagnosable sort of the 3 types currently being investigated and that unclassified cysts required further study to determine their pathogenesis. Our study highlights the need for a prospective study using standardized pathological and clinical methods.
Introduction à la théorie du tecnetron (1960)

Le tecnetron est un dispositif amplificateur à semiconducteur. Il utilise la striction centripète due à l'effet de champ appliqué à une structure cylindrique. Son étude est divisée en deux parties. La première contient la théorie fondamentale approchée de base, d'où découlent les caractéristiques principales du tecnetron ainsi que quelques conclusions pratiques. La seconde étudie quelques effets secondaires et leur répercussion sur la théorie de base et sur la réalisation pratique du tecnetron.
Air-borne magnetometers (1947)

Developed under the impetus of the submarine menace of World War II, the airborne magnetometer has found many peacetime uses. Navy airplanes equipped with magnetometers for exploration of Antarctica were used in the recent United States Navy expedition. An expedition now is studying the Aleutian Alaskan volcanos and the Aleutian submarine trench. From there it will proceed to Hawaii and Bikini.
<title>Robust Feature Matching Through Maximal Cliques</title> (1979)

A crucial step in the recognition or location of an object in an image is the proper identification of object features. If the features are not uniquely characterized by their local appearances, as is often the case in programmable assembly, the matching technique must base its decisions on the relative structure of the features. In this paper we describe a technique that uses the relative positions and orientations of the features to determine the correspondence between features of an object model and features observed in a picture. A graph is constructed in which maximal cliques (i.e., completely connected subgraphs) represent mutually consistent assignments of model features to observed features. The technique is a robust, general-purpose way to match structures. However, in practical applications its use is restricted to moderately sized graphs because the algorithm that locates maximal cliques is apparently exponential. For tasks that require the analysis of large graphs a few techniques are presented to reformulate them so that smaller graphs are sufficient.
Accuracy of Phenotypic and Genotypic Testing for Identification of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and Description of <i>Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae</i> sp. nov (2004)

We have identified an unusual group of viridans group streptococci that resemble Streptococcus pneumoniae. DNA-DNA homology studies suggested that a subset of these isolates represent a novel species that may be included in the S. oralis-S. mitis group of viridans group streptococci. We suggest that this novel species be termed Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. A combination of phenotypic and genetic reactions allows its identification. S. pseudopneumoniae strains do not have pneumococcal capsules, are resistant to optochin (inhibition zones, less than 14 mm) when they are incubated under an atmosphere of increased CO2 but are susceptible to optochin (inhibition zones, >14 mm) when they are incubated in ambient atmospheres, are not soluble in bile, and are positive by the GenProbe AccuProbe Pneumococcus test. The bile solubility test is more specific than the optochin test for identification of S. pneumoniae. Genetic tests for pneumolysin (ply) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (sodA) and identification tests with a commercial probe, AccuProbe Pneumococcus, do not discriminate between the new species and S. pneumoniae.
Direct Binding of CRKL to BCR-ABL Is Not Required for BCR-ABL Transformation (1997)

CRKL has previously been shown to be a major tyrosine phosphorylated protein in neutrophils of patients with BCR-ABL+ chronic myelogenous leukemia and in cell lines expressing BCR-ABL CRKL and BCR-ABL form a complex as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation and are capable of a direct interaction in a yeast two-hybrid assay. We have mapped the site of interaction of CRKL and BCR-ABL to the amino terminal SH3 domain of CRKL with a proline rich region in the C-terminus of ABL. The proline-rich region was mutated and the effect of this deletion on BCR-ABL transforming function was assayed. Our data show that this deletion does not impair the ability of BCR-ABL to render myeloid cells factor independent for growth. In cells expressing the proline deletion mutation of BCR-ABL, CRKL is still tyrosine phosphorylated and forms a complex with BCR-ABL as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. Our data suggest that the interaction between CRKL and the proline deletion mutant of BCR-ABL is an indirect interaction as CRKL does not interact directly with the proline deletion mutant of BCR-ABL in a gel overlay assay or in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Thus, a direct interaction of CRKL and BCR-ABL is not required for CRKL to become tyrosine phosphorylated by BCR-ABL and suggests that CRKL function may still be required for BCR-ABL function through an indirect interaction.
Asymmetric catalytic reduction with transition metal complexes. II. Asymmetric catalysis by a supported chiral rhodium complex (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric catalytic reduction with transition metal complexes. II. Asymmetric catalysis by a supported chiral rhodium complexWilly. Dumont, Jean C. Poulin, . Dang Tuan Phat, and Henri B. KaganCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 25, 8295–8299Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00806a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00806a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1160Altmetric-Citations309LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactions of a-Halo Carbonyl Compounds with Grignard Reagents. II (1959)

The reactions of some α-chloroacetophenones (RCOCH2Cl;R=phenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, p-fluorophenyl) with Grignard reagents (R'MgX) were studied. They have been shown to yield ketones of the type of RCOCH2R' or R'COCH2R when the molar ratio of the reactants is 1:1, and to yield in many cases 1, 1, 2-trisubstituted ethanols of the type of RR'C(OH)CH2R' or R'2C(OH)CH2R (or the corresponding ethylenes) when the molar ratio is 1:2. On the contrary, a-chloroacetophenone has been found to react with an excess of phenylmagnesium bromide to yield 1, 2, 2-triphenylethanol, although 1, 1, 2-triphenylethanol could be isolated under different reactionnccoonditions.Based on these experimental results and on the conception of migrraa ory aptitude of atomic groups, the mechanism of the reactions was discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Tricyclopropylbismuth with Aryl Halides and Triflates (2008)

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of tricyclopropylbismuth with aryl and heterocyclic halides and triflates is reported. The reaction tolerates numerous functional groups and does not require anhydrous conditions. The method was successfully extended to the cross-coupling of triethylbismuth.
Gene expression changes following androgen receptor elimination in LNCaP prostate cancer cells (2003)

We have shown recently that inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) expression with an antisense AR oligonucleotide (ODN) inhibits LNCaP prostate tumor cells in vitro as well as in vivo. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes that occur after AR signaling blockade, either through AR elimination by antisense treatment or through complete androgen receptor inhibition by androgen deprivation combined with the antiandrogen bicalutamide, in order to search for genes that are directly or indirectly regulated through the AR. Gene expression changes were investigated with cDNA NIH 10K gene microarrays in response to treatment over 48 h. Expression of selected genes was further analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and radioimmunoassay. A comparison of antisense-treated and androgen-deprived cells revealed several concordances such as significant downregulation of prostate-specific genes, cell-cycle regulatory genes, genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and several cytoskeletal genes. However, there were also several genes that were differentially regulated. Among the genes that were exclusively changed by treatment with the antisense AR ODN were the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I alpha (PIP5KIA). On the other hand, complete androgen receptor blockade induced changes in the expression of the prostate overexpressed gene 1 and the S100 calcium binding protein P. In summary, we identified a cohort of interesting genes whose expression was highly affected by elimination of the AR in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify their role in the AR signaling pathway and their susceptibility as a target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Glyphosate Spray Drift Management with Drift-Reducing Nozzles and Adjuvants (2006)

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of five spray-nozzle types and three drift-control adjuvants (DCA) on glyphosate spray drift. The extended-range (XR) flat-fan nozzle at 280 kPa was used as the standard comparison. DCAs were evaluated for drift reduction with the use of the XR and air-induction (AI) nozzles. Wind speed ranged from 1.3 to 9.4 m/s (3 to 21 mph). Lethal drift (D L ) and injury drift (D I ) were determined by downwind visual observation of grain sorghum response. Drift distances were measured from the spray swath edge. The Turbo FloodJet and AI nozzles reduced D L distance by 34%. All four drift-reducing (DR) nozzles reduced D I distance by 22 to 32%. Reducing the pressure of the XR flat-fan nozzle from 280 to 140 kPa did not reduce D L or D I distance. When applied through AI nozzles, each DCA increased droplet volume diameter, one DCA reduced D I distance and none reduced D L distance when applied through XR tips. The DCAs did not affect D L or D I distance.
Hepatitis C Virus Replicons Escape RNA Interference Induced by a Short Interfering RNA Directed against the NS5b Coding Region (2005)

RNA interference represents an exciting new technology that could have therapeutic applications for the treatment of viral infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and affects over 270 million individuals worldwide. The HCV genome is a single-stranded RNA that functions as both an mRNA and a replication template, making it an attractive target for therapeutic approaches using short interfering RNA (siRNA). We have shown previously that double-stranded siRNA molecules designed to target the HCV genome block gene expression and RNA synthesis from hepatitis C replicons propagated in human liver cells. However, we now show that this block is not complete. After several treatments with a highly effective siRNA, we have shown growth of replicon RNAs that are resistant to subsequent treatment with the same siRNA. However, these replicon RNAs were not resistant to siRNA targeting another part of the genome. Sequence analysis of the siRNA-resistant replicons showed the generation of point mutations within the siRNA target sequence. In addition, the use of a combination of two siRNAs together severely limited escape mutant evolution. This suggests that RNA interference activity could be used as a treatment to reduce the devastating effects of HCV replication on the liver and the use of multiple siRNAs could prevent the emergence of resistant viruses.
A microfluidic device for the continuous culture and analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans in a toxic aqueous environment (2013)

Abstract The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) receives attention as a bioindicator, and the C. elegans condition has been recently analyzed using microfluidic devices equipped with an imaging system. To establish a method without an imaging system, we have proposed a novel microfluidic device with which to analyze the condition of C. elegans from the capacitance change using a pair of micro-electrodes. The device was designed to culture C. elegans , to expose C. elegans to an external stimulus, such as a chemical or toxicant, and to measure the capacitance change which indicates the condition of C. elegans . In this study, to demonstrate the capability of our device in a toxic aqueous environment, the device was applied to examine the effect of cadmium on C. elegans . Thirty L4 larval stage C. elegans were divided into three groups. One group was a control group and the other groups were exposed to cadmium solutions with concentrations of 5% and 10% LC 50 for 24 h. The capacitance change and the body volume of C. elegans as a reference were measured four times and we confirmed the correlation between them. It shows that our device can analyze the condition of C. elegans without an imaging system.
Highly Multiplexed Label-Free Imaging Sensor for Accurate Quantification of Small-Molecule Binding Kinetics (2020)

Investigating the binding interaction of small molecules to large ligands is a compelling task for the field of drug development, as well as agro-biotechnology, since a common trait of drugs and toxins is often a low molecular weight (MW). Here, we improve the limit of detection of the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), a label-free, highly multiplexed biosensor, to perform small-molecule screening. In this work, characterization of small molecules binding to immobilized probes in a microarray format is demonstrated, with a limit of detection of 1 pg/mm<sup>2</sup> in mass density. First, as a proof of concept to show the impact of spatial and temporal averaging on the system noise, detection of biotin (MW = 244.3 Da) binding to a streptavidin-functionalized chip is performed and the parameters are tuned to achieve maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR ≈ 34). The optimized system is then applied to the screening of a 20-multiplexed antibody chip against fumonisin B1 (MW = 721.8 Da), a mycotoxin found in cereal grains. The simultaneously recorded binding curves yield an SNR ≈ 8. Five out of twenty antibodies are also screened against the toxin in a lateral flow assay, obtaining consistent results. With the demonstrated noise characteristics, further sensitivity improvements are expected with the advancement of camera sensor technology.
Thin-Filament Pyrometry: A Novel Thermometry Technique for Combusting Flows (1989)

A novel technique is described for making temperature measurements in a combusting flow. The technique, Thin-Filament Pyrometry, is based on the blackbody emission of a small ceramic filament (15 μm), which is introduced into the flow field under study. Because the emission along the entire length of the filament is recorded, the complete spatial temperature distribution is measured. The temporal response of the filament is ∼ 700 Hz under ambient conditions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the technique in a combusting flow, a H2-N2 jet diffusion flame was studied. The evolution of the large-scale buoyancy-driven structures at low Reynolds numbers was followed by this technique.
Polymers Applied in Solid Dispersion Technology (1998)

(1998). Polymers Applied in Solid Dispersion Technology. Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 25-45.
Three-phase induction-motor control using static-frequency doublers (1958)

A simply constructed device, combining the benefits of static switching and static power modulation, which may be employed to control a standard 3-phase induction motor is described. Inherent reduced voltage starting and reversal without switching of the main supply lines are features of the device. Methods of performance prediction sufficiently accurate for system design requirements are given. Such divergencies as exist between predicted and realized performance for an experimental system consisting of device and standard motor are explained.
CLEANING AGENTS FOR OILED WILDLIFE (1977)

ABSTRACT Attempts to save oiled wildlife cannot be successful unless appropriate treatment is given. One of the more critical areas of rehabilitation is the selection and correct use of a suitable cleaning agent. The advantages and limitations of detergents and solvents are discussed with respect to the types of wildlife affected, the types of oil involved, and the available equipment and facilities. Seven commercial detergents out of 22 tested are ranked in order of their effectiveness in removing eight specific types of oil. Optimal concentrations and available toxicity data are also given. Solvents that have been successfully used are listed along with other solvents that appear promising on the basis of their composition and physical parameters. Further evaluations of cleaning agents and additional basic research are still needed.
Crosstalk evaluation, suppression and modeling in 3D through-strata-via (TSV) network (2010)

Through-strata-via (TSV) is regarded as a critical component in 3D integration that extends Moore's Law. This paper reports on TSV crosstalk performance under high speed operations using a 3D electromagnetic field solver and a SPICE simulator in both the frequency domain and time domain. Impacts of the rise time, the TSV pitch/height, the substrate resistivity and the guarding TSV termination on crosstalk noise are studied. Effects of adjacent aggressors and their switching patterns on time delay and peak noise of the victim TSV signal are evaluated. For large and dense TSV networks, crosstalk matrices of different TSV line/array arrangements are investigated at certain frequency points, detailing the coupling noise levels among these TSVs. Furthermore, the frequency dependent near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT) are accurately modeled by SPICE tools.
Titanium-Tethered Vancomycin Prevents Resistance to Rifampicin in Staphylococcus aureus in vitro (2012)

Rifampicin is currently recognized as the most potent drug against Gram positive implant related infections. The use of rifampicin is limited by the emergence of bacterial resistance, which is often managed by coadministration of a second antibiotic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of soluble rifampicin in combination with vancomycin tethered to titanium metal as a means to control bacterial growth and resistance in vitro. Bacterial growth was inhibited when the vancomycin-tethered titanium discs were treated with Staphylococcus aureus inocula of ≤2×10⁶ CFU, however inocula greater than 2×10⁶ CFU/disc adhered and survived. The combination of surface-tethered vancomycin with soluble rifampicin enhanced the inhibitory effect of rifampicin for an inoculum of 10⁶ CFU/cm² by one dilution (combination MIC of 0.008 mg/L versus 0.015 mg/L for rifampicin alone). Moreover, surface tethered vancomycin prevented the emergence of a rifampicin resistant population in an inoculum of 2×10⁸ CFU.
Interpreting transcriptional changes using causal graphs: new methods and their practical utility on public networks (2016)

In this work, we have closed an important gap in utilizing causal networks to analyze differentially expressed genes. Our proposed Quaternary test statistic incorporates all available evidence on the potential relevance of an upstream regulator. The new approach broadens the use of these types of statistics for highly curated signed networks in which ambiguities arise but also enables the use of networks with unsigned edges. We design and implement a novel computational method that can efficiently estimate p-values for upstream regulators in current biological settings. We demonstrate the ready applicability of the implemented method to analyze differentially expressed genes using the publicly available networks.
Characteristics of mobile MOSFET dosimetry system for megavoltage photon beams (2014)

The characteristics of a mobile metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (mobile MOSFET) detector for standard bias were investigated for megavoltage photon beams. This study was performed with a brass alloy build-up cap for three energies namely Co-60, 6 and 15 MV photon beams. The MOSFETs were calibrated and the performance characteristics were analyzed with respect to dose rate dependence, energy dependence, field size dependence, linearity, build-up factor, and angular dependence for all the three energies. A linear dose-response curve was noted for Co-60, 6 MV, and 15 MV photons. The calibration factors were found to be 1.03, 1, and 0.79 cGy/mV for Co-60, 6 MV, and 15 MV photon energies, respectively. The calibration graph has been obtained to the dose up to 600 cGy, and the dose-response curve was found to be linear. The MOSFETs were found to be energy independent both for measurements performed at depth as well as on the surface with build-up. However, field size dependence was also analyzed for variable field sizes and found to be field size independent. Angular dependence was analyzed by keeping the MOSFET dosimeter in parallel and perpendicular orientation to the angle of incidence of the radiation with and without build-up on the surface of the phantom. The maximum variation for the three energies was found to be within ± 2% for the gantry angles 90° and 270°, the deviations without the build-up for the same gantry angles were found to be 6%, 25%, and 60%, respectively. The MOSFET response was found to be independent of dose rate for all three energies. The dosimetric characteristics of the MOSFET detector make it a suitable in vivo dosimeter for megavoltage photon beams.