gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and partial characterization of a 72,000-dalton glycoprotein (Tgp72) on human thymus and T cells: possible relationship to mouse Ly-1 antigens. (1981)

A xenoantiserum was raised in guinea pigs to a human T cell antigen (Tgp72) partially purified from cell membrane of T cell leukemia cells from a patient with chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia of T cell-type by using sequential chromatographic procedures. The antiserum reacted with all of human thymus and peripheral T cells as well as with a variety of cultured leukemic T cell lines, but not with B cells, granulocytes, and other cultured lymphoid cell lines, including normal B cell, Burkitt, myeloid, and non-T non-B cell lines. Immunoprecipitated material from 125I-labeled thymocyte, T cell, and T cell leukemia cell-surface glycoproteins by this antiserum was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which disclosed a single component with a m.w. of 72K (Tgp72). Further immunochemical data suggest that Tgp72 antigen on human thymus and T cells is an acidic glycoprotein composed of a single polypeptide rather than sulfhydryl-linked subunits, showing a marked electric charge heterogeneity in DEAE anion-exchange resin chromatography. This is further confirmed by the data obtained from 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Tgp72 is a 72K m.w. glycoprotein with an isoelectric point ranging from 4 to 7. Because of its similarity in tissue distribution and immunochemical characteristics, Tgp72 on human thymus and T cells was assumed to be a human homologue of Ly-1 antigens in murine system.
Real-Time Scanning Charged-Particle Microscope Image Composition with Correction of Drift (2010)

In this article, a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image composition technique is described, which can significantly reduce drift related image corruptions. Drift distortion commonly causes blur and distortions in the SEM images. Such corruption ordinarily appears when conventional image-acquisition methods, i.e., "slow scan" and "fast scan," are applied. The damage is often very significant; it may render images unusable for metrology applications, especially where subnanometer accuracy is required. The described correction technique works with a large number of quickly taken frames, which are properly aligned and then composed into a single image. Such image contains much less noise than the individual frames, while the blur and deformation is minimized. This technique also provides useful information about changes of the sample position in time, which may be applied to investigate the drift properties of the instrument without a need of additional equipment.
MEDICINA: Cuerpo y enfermedad (2010)

Aqueductal CSF flow is strongly correlated with ventricular morphology, especially with the total ventricular volume and the third ventricle width, but not with the tested hydrodynamic parameters. In addition, ASV is linearly correlated with aqueductal lumen area, suggesting that the aqueductal CSF flow characteristics can be explained by oscillating pressure differences on the order of less than 0.01 mmHg. These findings may explain why a standalone ASV is a poor diagnostic marker and an insensitive indicator of shunt outcome in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Adrenocorticotropin receptors: functional expression from rat adrenal mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1991)

The adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) receptor, which binds corticotropin and stimulates adenylate cyclase and steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells, was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes microinjected with rat adrenal poly(A)+ RNA. Expression of the ACTH receptor in individual stage 5 and 6 oocytes was monitored by radioimmunoassay of ligand-stimulated cAMP production. Injection of 5-40 ng of adrenal mRNA caused dose-dependent increases in ACTH-responsive cAMP production. These were detected at 48 h and reached a maximum 72 h after microinjection of 20-40 ng of adrenal mRNA. In response to 1 microM ACTH, total cAMP production increased within 2.5 min and reached half-maximal and maximal levels (5-fold greater than basal) at 10 and 75 min, respectively, and then remained elevated for up to 5 h. Extracellular cAMP levels were much lower but showed prominent linear increases from almost undetectable levels, with 70- and 150-fold increases evident at 1 and 2 h, respectively. The half-maximal concentration (ED50) for stimulation of cAMP formation was 5 x 10(-8) M ACTH-(1-24); the ED50 for ACTH-(1-17) was 5 x 10(-7) M, and no response was observed with ACTH-(1-10). Size fractionation of rat adrenal poly(A)+ RNA by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation revealed that mRNA encoding the ACTH receptor was present in the 1.1- to 2.0-kilobase fraction. These data indicate that ACTH receptors can be expressed from adrenal mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and are fully functional in terms of ligand specificity and signal generation. The extracellular cAMP response to ACTH is a sensitive and convenient index of receptor expression. This system should permit more complete characterization and expression cloning of the ACTH receptor.
Water‐soluble cellulose ethers as emulsifying agents (1949)

Abstract The emulsifying powers of various water‐soluble cellulose ethers for mineral and vegetable oils are compared. The advantages of mixtures of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with other water‐soluble cellulose ethers in producing improved emulsions with reduced foam are shown. Consideration is given to the relative interfacial tensions of methyl ethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and to the effects of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration on emulsions prepared from them.
Therapeutic potential and limitations of new FAK inhibitors in the treatment of cancer (2010)

Emerging data from early-phase clinical trials with orally available small-molecule inhibitors of FAK are promising. There are early indicators of clinical efficacy. In the future, combination therapy with cytotoxic or antiangiogenic drugs may help to overcome chemoresistance and enhance efficacy of antivascular therapy.
Broadband linearized silicon modulator (2011)

A scheme to achieve a wideband linearized silicon Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator is proposed. The modulator consists of a single MZ interferometer with identical reverse-biased silicon diode phase shifters in both arms, driven in a push-pull configuration. It is shown that the 3rd order nonlinearity of the modulator can be eliminated by canceling the nonlinearities from the silicon phase shifters and the MZ transfer function against each other. The 2nd order nonlinearity is simultaneously eliminated by differential detection or operation away from the quadrature point. As a result, the linearity of the proposed silicon modulator greatly exceeds the linearity of a conventional MZ modulator with ideal, linear (e.g. LiNbO3) phase shifters. The simplicity and large optical and RF bandwidth of the proposed modulator make it attractive for analog photonic applications.
The Quantitative Distinction of Hyperplasia from Hypertrophy in Hepatomegaly Induced in the Rat Liver by Phenobarbital (1998)

A histological method utilizing the optical dissector principle has been developed for determining the absolute numbers of rat hepatocytes in the liver after treatment with phenobarbital (PB). The optical dissector is a technique derived from the "new stereology" used to measure the number of features, in this case hepatocyte nuclear profiles, that are present in a reference volume of tissue. The method has been applied to distinguish between the hepatomqply that commonly occurs in rodents after treatment with chemicals, due to an increase in the number of cells caused by cell division (hyperplasia), rather than the size of cells (hypertrophy). In the case of PB treatment, the hepatomegaly was found to be partly due to hypertrophy and partly to hyperplasia after 2 weeks of treatment. While the increase in the absolute number of hepatocytes was not significant after 2 weeks, after 12 weeks of treatment with PB the number of hepatocytes was significantly increased, compared to the controls at that time point. PCNA labeling index measurements of liver hepatocytes confirmed that there was a significant increase in the growth fraction of hepatocytes during PB treatment. The induction of hyperplasia can be associated with an increased risk of eventual liver tumor formation, and the distinction of hyperplasia from hypertrophy, using a purely histological method, for the determination of increases in absolute hepatocyte cell numbers, will be useful in assessing whether treatrnent-related sustained hyperplasia is occurring in the liver, although this methodology could be applied to any organ.
Non-invasive measurement of blood flow using magnetic disturbance method (2009)

Current laser Doppler method of blood flow sensing requires optical contact to the skin, tend to be bulky and have performance subjective to body fluids (e.g. blood, perspiration) and environmental contaminants (e.g. mud, water). This paper proposes a novel method of noninvasive acquisition of blood flow by measuring the magnetic disturbance created due to blood flowing through a localized magnetic field. The proposed system employs a GMR based magnetic sensor and magnet of 3 mm radius, placed on a major blood vessel. The magnetic field generated by the magnet acts both as the biasing field for the sensor and also the uniform magnetic flux for blood flow disturbance. As such, the system is compact, operates at room temperature and is able to sense through clothing. The signal acquired from the magnetic and optical methods are compared using the post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia test, where measurement results on 6 different healthy subjects are found to have error of less than 5%, showing the successful use of the magnetic method to measure blood flow.
Renal function after long-term low-dose cyclosporin for psoriasis (1990)

Two groups of patients receiving cyclosporin A (CyA) for psoriasis had their renal function assessed by measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). The first group comprised 13 patients who had taken low dose (average 3 mg/kg per day) CyA for an average period of 2.5 years. Seven of the 13 had a normal GFR of 108 (77-121) ml/min (median; range). In the other six patients the GFR was low at 63 (50-77) ml/min and CyA was discontinued for periods ranging from 3 to 17 weeks. The GFR rose in all six patients, to 79 (60-91) ml/min; this change was significant (P less than 0.05). The six patients restarted CyA because their psoriasis recurred and after a mean interval of 15 weeks the GFR had fallen in all six to 63 (46-80) ml/min (P less than 0.05) and the ERPF decreased from 339 (231-414) ml/min to 244 (177-321) ml/min (P less than 0.05). In the second group of 11 patients measurements were made prior to starting CyA and after taking CyA for a mean of 9 weeks. The GFR fell in eight out of 11 subjects, the GFR for the 11 patients being 117 (72-128) ml/min before taking CyA and 97 (51-122) ml/min after CyA (P less than 0.02). The ERPF was measured in nine of the 11 patients and fell in seven of the nine. The ERPF for the nine patients before CyA was 490 (296-642) ml/min and for the 11 patients after CyA was 410 (195-543) ml/min (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sheath structure of an electronegative plasma with cold positive ions (2000)

The one-dimensional collisionless sheath model of electropositive plasmas is extended here to study the sheath structure of an electronegative plasma at steady state with the assumptions of cold positive ions and planar sheath configurations. Similar to the electropositive plasma sheath, a net charge layer is built within the sheath. However, the net charge density distribution within the sheath is sensitive to the plasma electronegativity (ratio of negative ion density n/sub -b/ to the electron density n/sub cb/). It is most interesting that the sheath thickness varies nonmonotonically with the plasma electronegativity of the bulk plasma. Last, the effects of applied wall potential and temperature ratio of electrons to negative ions are discussed.
Recent Advances in Plasticizers (2012)

Plasticizers are used to increase the process-ability, flexibility, and durability of the material, and of course to reduce the cost in many cases. This edition covers introduction and applications of various types of plasticizers including those based on non-toxic and highly effective pyrrolidones, and a new source of Collagen based bio-plasticizers that can be obtained from discarded materials from a natural source; Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas). It covers the application of plasticizers in plastic, ion-selective electrode/electrochemical sensor, transdermal drug delivery system, pharmaceutical and environmental sectors. This book can be used as an important reference by graduate students, and researchers, scientists, engineers and industrialists in polymer, electrochemical, pharmaceutical and environmental industries.
Sequential cytoplasmic calcium signals in a 2-stage platelet activation process induced by the glycoprotein Ibα mechanoreceptor (2002)

We found that the interaction of platelets with immobilized von Willebrand factor (VWF) under flow induces distinct elevations of cytosolic Ca(++) concentration ([Ca(++)](i)) that are associated with sequential stages of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation. Fluid-dynamic conditions that are compatible with the existence of tensile stress on the bonds between glycoprotein Ibalpha (GPIbalpha) and the VWF A1 domain led to Ca(++) release from intracellular stores (type alpha/beta peaks), which preceded stationary platelet adhesion. Raised levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, as well as membrane-permeable calcium chelators, inhibited these [Ca(++)](i) oscillations and prevented stable adhesion without affecting the dynamic characteristics of the typical platelet translocation on VWF mediated by GPIbalpha. Once adhesion was established through the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), new [Ca(++)](i) oscillations (type gamma) of greater amplitude and duration, and involving a transmembrane ion flux, developed in association with the recruitment of additional platelets into aggregates. Degradation of released adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to AMP or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) prevented this response without affecting stationary adhesion and blocked aggregation. These findings indicate that an initial signal induced by stressed GPIbalpha-VWF bonds leads to alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation sufficient to support localized platelet adhesion. Then, additional signals from ADP receptors and possibly ligand-occupied alpha(IIb)beta(3), with the contribution of a pathway involving PI3-K, amplify platelet activation to the level required for aggregation. Our conclusions modify those proposed by others regarding the mechanisms that regulate signaling between GPIbalpha and alpha(IIb)beta(3) and lead to platelet adhesion and aggregation on immobilized VWF.
Active Site Mutations in Yeast Protein Disulfide Isomerase Cause Dithiothreitol Sensitivity and a Reduced Rate of Protein Folding in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1997)

Aspects of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) function have been studied in yeast in vivo. PDI contains two thioredoxin-like domains, a and a', each of which contains an active-site CXXC motif. The relative importance of the two domains was analyzed by rendering each one inactive by mutation to SGAS. Such mutations had no significant effect on growth. The domains however, were not equivalent since the rate of folding of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) in vivo was reduced by inactivation of the a domain but not the a' domain. To investigate the relevance of PDI redox potential, the G and H positions of each CGHC active site were randomly mutagenized. The resulting mutant PDIs were ranked by their growth phenotype on medium containing increasing concentrations of DTT. The rate of CPY folding in the mutants showed the same ranking as the DTT sensitivity, suggesting that the oxidative power of PDI is an important factor in folding in vivo. Mutants with a PDI that cannot perform oxidation reactions on its own (CGHS) had a strongly reduced growth rate. The growth rates, however, did not correlate with CPY folding, suggesting that the protein(s) required for optimal growth are dependent on PDI for oxidation. pdi1-deleted strains overexpressing the yeast PDI homologue EUG1 are viable. Exchanging the wild-type Eug1p C(L/I)HS active site sequences for C(L/I)HC increased the growth rate significantly, however, further highlighting the importance of the oxidizing function for optimal growth.
Realization of Flexible Plasma Display Panels on PET Substrates (2005)

DC plasma display panels are fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephtalate (PET) substrates. Each pixel consists of laterally placed anode and cathode electrodes. All electrical elements are formed on a single PET substrate, whereas a second substrate is needed to encapsulate the panel. Silver is used as the metal for each electrode and standard photolithography is used to form each cell. A 150-/spl mu/m-thick layer of a UV-curable polymeric adhesive was used to form barrier ribs to both electrically isolate neighboring cells and to encapsulate the plasma. Conversion of vacuum UV into visible light is possible by blast-embedding of proper phosphor grains into the top substrate. The current-voltage and turn-on voltage versus pressure characteristics are examined. Effect of curvature on turn-on voltage is addressed.
Molecular modeling study of adsorption of poly-L-lysine onto silica glass (1997)

A research program was initiated with both experimental and computational chemistry based molecular modeling components to investigate specific amino acid-surface interactions. The experimental portion of this study, with details reported elsewhere, investigated the adsorption of selected molecular weights of poly(L-lysine) onto silica glass microspheres with the adsorption enthalpy per adsorbed mer determined to be -0.23 +/- 0.13 kcal/mol (mean +/- 95% confidence interval). Molecular modeling of this system was then conducted using two approaches: an AM1 semiempirical molecular orbital method to predict L-lysine/glass interaction energy and an MM2 molecular mechanics method to investigate the structural configuration for poly(L-lysine). The modeling predicted a minimum energy configuration of a rotational backbone structure for poly(L-lysine) with approximately one full rotation occurring about every 8 mers, and that the amine side chains of the L-lysine will hydrogen bond with the silica surface with an average adsorption energy of approximately -0.34 kcal/mol/mer. The molecular modeling results are in good agreement with the experimentally measured value and provide insights into possible molecular-level behavior which would be very difficult to determine by experimental analyses alone. This work demonstrates the use of molecular modeling in conjunction with experimental studies to investigate complex molecular interactions.
Analog to digital conversion of ultra-wideband signals in orthogonal spaces (2004)

This paper introduces novel techniques to perform analog to digital (AJD) conversion, based on the quantization of the coefficients obtained by the projection of a continuous-time signal over an orthogonal space. The new A/D techniques proposed here are motivated by the sampling of the input signal in domains which may lead to lower levels of signal distortion and significantly less demanding A/D conversion characteristics. As a particular case, we study A/D conversion in the frequency domain where samples of the signal spectrum are taken such that no time-aliasing occurs in the discrete-time version of the signal. We show that the frequency domain analog to digital converter (ADC) overcomes some of the difficulties encountered in conventional time-domain methods for A/D conversion of signals with very large bandwidths, such as ultra-wideband (UWB) signals. The discrete frequency samples are then passed through a vector quantizer with relaxed characteristics, operating over DC levels that change with a speed that is much lower than that required for time-domain A/D conversion. Fundamental figures of merit in A/D conversion and important system trade-offs are discussed for the proposed frequency domain ADC. As an example of this approach, we consider a multi-carrier UWB communications scheme.
Characterisation of supplementary fuels for co-combustion with pulverised coal (2005)

The current and future energy policy aims at increasing the share of renewable energy in worlds energy supply. One possibility to enhance energy production by renewable sources within a short term is co-combustion. This means co-firing biomass and waste with fossil fuels at existing power plants originally designed to fire fossil fuels. In Central Europe, the main interest lies in co-firing biomass and waste at pulverised coal boilers, because these plants form the basis of the currently utilised thermal fuel conversion techniques. Co-combusting supplementary fuels with coal is an economical option to increase the share of renewable energy because usually no large investments are required before implementation at large-scale utilities. Moreover, in many countries fiscal advantages are granted for renewable fuels. Co-firing can contribute to the increasing waste disposal problem by offering alternatives to landfills and waste incineration plants. When striving after higher renewable fuel shares, supplementary fuel replacement ratios at power plants increase and various problems can arise due to the differences between coal and the secondary fuels. Technical barriers that must be studied and overcome include matters related to fuel supply, fuel handling, changed combustion conditions in the boiler, ash quality and emissions. For this, the fundamental combustion properties of supplementary fuels compared with those of coal must be carefully studied. In order to better understand and predict the (co-)combustion behaviour of different biomass and waste fuels, a combination of experimental work and modelling should be used. Therefore, in the first part of this dissertation, pyrolysis of supplementary fuels is experimentally investigated by laboratory scale set-ups i.e. thermogravimetric analyser and heated wire mesh. The second part of the thesis concentrates on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling of co-combustion in a bench-scale, electrically heated pulverised fuel combustion reactor. Combustion sub-models are validated against experimentally determined concentration profiles and particle burnout data. The CFD model is then applied to optimise co-firing regarding supplementary fuel type, share and particle size.
Bulk elastic waves with unidirectional backscattering-immune topological states in a time-dependent superlattice (2015)

Recent progress in electronic and electromagnetic topological insulators has led to the demonstration of one way propagation of electron and photon edge states and the possibility of immunity to backscattering by edge defects. Unfortunately, such topologically protected propagation of waves in the bulk of a material has not been observed. We show, in the case of sound/elastic waves, that bulk waves with unidirectional backscattering-immune topological states can be observed in a time-dependent elastic superlattice. The superlattice is realized via spatial and temporal modulation of the stiffness of an elastic material. Bulk elastic waves in this superlattice are supported by a manifold in momentum space with the topology of a single twist Möbius strip. Our results demonstrate the possibility of attaining one way transport and immunity to scattering of bulk elastic waves.