gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new family of zero-voltage-transition PWM converters with dual active auxiliary circuits (2005)

A new family of active auxiliary circuits that allow the power switch in single switch, pulse width modulated (PWM) converters to operate with zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed in this paper. The switch in an auxiliary circuit belonging to this family can operate with a zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on and turn-off without increasing the peak current stresses of the main switch. In the paper, the fundamental principles behind the proposed family of active auxiliary circuits are explained. Based on these principles, an example auxiliary circuit is systematically derived and presented along with several other auxiliary circuits of the new family. The operation of a boost converter operating with the example auxiliary circuit is described, and general guidelines for the design and implementation of auxiliary circuits belonging to the new family are given. The feasibility of the example auxiliary circuit is confirmed by experimental results obtained from a 500 W, 100 kHz boost converter laboratory prototype
An Emerging Hypothesis: Synergistic Induction of Aging by Free Radicals and Maillard Reactions (1992)

Most modern theories of aging have centered around the notion that age-related deterioration is primarily due to structural and functional modifications of cellular constituents. Among them are three currently popular hypotheses--the Free Radical, Glycation, and Maillard Theories of Aging. The first proposes that age-related effects are due to free radical reactions that damage cellular constituents, while the latter propose damage induced by nonenzymatic glycation and other Maillard reactions and the consequent modification of macromolecules as the primary cause of aging. Although these hypotheses were formulated independently, recent studies suggest that free radicals, glycation, and Maillard reactions may in fact represent partially interactive elements of a single, more complex biochemical pathway. We therefore propose the Free Radical-Glycation/Maillard Reaction Theory of Aging: that age-related deterioration is produced by the sum of the damage induced by free radicals, by glycation, by Maillard reactions, and by their interactions.
The relationship of absorption characteristics and gastrointestinal side effects of oral antimicrobial agents. (1991)

Normal bowel flora play an important role in preserving gastrointestinal (GI) function. They inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria, help in the metabolism of by-products of drugs and endogenous substances, aid in the synthesis of vitamins, and stimulate nonspecific host immune systems that protect against potential pathogens. Antimicrobial agents that are poorly absorbed from the GI tract can substantially alter the bowel flora. Narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents are less likely to disrupt the bowel flora than broad-spectrum agents. Drugs that undergo extensive enterohepatic circulation can also disrupt normal flora. Knowledge of the extent of GI absorption, bile excretion, and spectrum of activity allows prediction of the likelihood of GI side effects. For example, clindamycin, which is relatively poorly absorbed and has significant bile secretion, is associated with a high incidence of diarrhea. The use of an antibiotic with a relatively narrow spectrum, excellent GI absorption, and minimal bile excretion should reduce the incidence of GI side effects.
Comparisons of the Pestivirus Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus with Members of the Flaviviridae (1988)

The molecular features of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genus currently classified in the Togaviridae, were examined for characteristics resembling those of the Flaviviridae family. Like flaviviruses, BVDV possesses a single-stranded RNA genome (approx. 4.3 x 10(6) Mr) deficient in a 3' poly(A) tract. This RNA has a single open reading frame spanning the length of the genome in the viral RNA sense (positive polarity), implying an expression strategy involving the processing of a precursor polyprotein. With the exception of several short but significant stretches of identical amino acids within two non-structural proteins, no extended regions of nucleotide or amino acid sequence homology between BVDV and representatives of three serological subgroups of mosquito-borne flaviviruses were noted. However, comparison of the organization of protein-coding domains along the genomes and the hydropathic profiles of amino acid sequences revealed pronounced similarities. It is proposed that Pestivirus, of which BVDV is the prototype member, should no longer be grouped in the Togaviridae family, but rather be considered a genus of non-arthropod-borne viruses within the Flaviviridae.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATOR DIRECT CURRENT G-63 ()/G (HAND CRANKED) (1967)

Abstract : The Generator, Direct Current, G-63()/G developed encompasses the requirements of USAECOM Technical Requirement SCL 7828. Major component or subassembly areas involved with unit development may be classified as: Alternator and associated circuitry, mechanical drive, housing, and base assembly. Electrical subsystem development included alternator optimization, rectifier selection, and design of protection and electrical output monitoring circuitry. Mechanical drive development involved matching the harmonic drive to alternator requirements and additional testing required to isolate and rectify problems of low drive efficiency and high acoustic noise levels generated. The housing was developed for minimum size and weight for containment of the alternator-drive subassembly and maximum acoustic noise suppression. The mounting base assembly developed includes consideration for universal functioning and prime factors of weight, strength, and attachment. Techniques were considered and implemented throughout the project to promote economical use of parts and fabrication processes. Use of standard parts and components where possible and joining major subassemblies such as housing and base components with the dip brazing process have been incorporated toward an economy which may become even more significant in mass production considerations. Overall unit considerations resulted in an effort to integrate individual subsystem attributes into an economical unit incorporating factors contributing to operator efficiency for total operation and observation as encountered under field conditions.
Lane recognition for moving vehicles using multiple on-car RFID receiver antennas &#x2014; Algorithm and its experimental results (2012)

Accurate lane recognition for moving vehicles is important for lane keeping and lane changing assistance systems. Additionally, this information could be leveraged by Intelligent Transportation Systems to suggest lane changes for improved traffic load balancing across lanes. This paper presents a position estimation algorithm for moving vehicles based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) active sensors placed on roadsides and lane boundaries, and multiple on-car RFID receiver antennas. To improve localization accuracy, the algorithm proposes two novel ideas: (1) compute pair-wise position estimates using the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) of all pairs of signals received from RFIDs, and (2) compute the final position as a weighted average of these pair-wise estimates using a dynamic weighting function that assigns higher weights to positions estimated based on closer RFIDs. The results from our field experiments indicate that the proposed method achieves 0.7-meter localization accuracy when RFIDs are placed at 0.5-meter intervals and a vehicle has 8 antennas. This accuracy allows a moving vehicle to recognize which lane it is in. The localization accuracy of the proposed method was found to be mostly stable for any type of road shape and any number of lanes. A further 14% accuracy improvement is achieved when RFIDs are placed at 0.25-meter intervals and the RFIDs located farther than 30-meter are excluded from computation.
Needs Assessment for Clinical Practice Education in Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: A Mixed-methods Approach (2020)

This study intends to provide the grounds for improving clinical practice curriculum reflecting the reality and demands of the clinical practice of nursing by identifying the needs of nursing students for clinical practice education and the experiences of clinical practice education perceived by graduates. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was applied. According to the results of the quantitative study, application of core basic nursing skills based on expertise and skills and cooperation and communication were considered as important, and achievement was also high. According to the results of the qualitative study, it is essential to use such teaching methods like simulation so that students can improve their skill competencies. Additionally, quality improvement of clinical practice instructors was demanded to enhance the quality of clinical practice education. This study is significant because it established the future direction for the development of a clinical practice curriculum to enhance professional competencies for nurses in the future based on the needs of nursing students and graduates. It is necessary to develop an integrated assessment tool to measure achievement as well as develop a clinical practice curriculum.
A simple and efficient skew detection algorithm via text row accumulation (2002)

An important part of any document recognition system is detection of skew in the image of a page. This paper presents a new, accurate and robust skew detection algorithm based on a method for finding rows of text in page images. Results of a comparison of the new algorithm against Baird's well-known algorithm on 400 pages show the new algorithm to be more accurate, robust and somewhat faster. In particular, the new algorithm only breaks down at skew angles in excess of 15 degrees, compared to the almost uniform distribution of breakdowns of Baird's algorithm.
Heart rate detection from single-foot plantar bioimpedance measurements in a weighing scale (2010)

Electronic bathroom scales are an easy-to-use, affordable mean to measure physiological parameters in addition to body weight. They have been proposed to obtain the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and derive from it the heart rate, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure. Therefore, weighing scales may suit intermittent monitoring in e-health and patient screening. Scales intended for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have also been proposed to estimate the heart rate by amplifying the pulsatile impedance component superimposed on the basal impedance. However, electronic weighing scales cannot easily obtain the BCG from people that have a single leg neither are bioimpedance measurements between both feet recommended for people wearing a pacemaker or other electronic implants, neither for pregnant women. We propose a method to detect the heart rate (HR) from bioimpedance measured in a single foot while standing on an bathroom weighting scale intended for BIA. The electrodes built in the weighing scale are used to apply a 50 kHz voltage between the outer electrode pair and to measure the drop in voltage across the inner electrode pair. The agreement with the HR simultaneously obtained from the ECG is excellent. We have also compared the drop in voltage across the waist and the thorax with that obtained when measuring bioimpedance between both feet to compare the possible risk of the proposed method to that of existing BIA scales.
Fast pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI T1-weighted images using a patch-based approach (2015)

MRI-based bone segmentation is a challenging task because bone tissue and air both present low signal intensity on MR images, making it difficult to accurately delimit the bone boundaries. However, estimating bone from MRI images may allow decreasing patient ionization by removing the need of patient-specific CT acquisition in several applications. In this work, we propose a fast GPU-based pseudo-CT generation from a patient-specific MRI T1-weighted image using a group-wise patch-based approach and a limited MRI and CT atlas dictionary. For every voxel in the input MR image, we compute the similarity of the patch containing that voxel with the patches of all MR images in the database, which lie in a certain anatomical neighborhood. The pseudo-CT is obtained as a local weighted linear combination of the CT values of the corresponding patches. The algorithm was implemented in a GPU. The use of patch-based techniques allows a fast and accurate estimation of the pseudo-CT from MR T1-weighted images, with a similar accuracy as the patient-specific CT. The experimental normalized cross correlation reaches 0.9324±0.0048 for an atlas with 10 datasets. The high NCC values indicate how our method can accurately approximate the patient-specific CT. The GPU implementation led to a substantial decrease in computational time making the approach suitable for real applications.
Monomer Characterization and Studies of Self-Association of the Major β-Casein of Human Milk (1997)

The casein form that has four organic phosphoryl groups, beta-casein (CN)-4P, is the major constituent (approximately 35%) of the beta-CN fraction of human milk and should play an important role in micelle structure and formation. In 3.3 M urea, the monomer is present with a molecular mass of 24,500 Da and a sedimentation coefficient of 1.3 S (Svedberg units, 10(-13)s). In 0.02 M NaCl and 0.01 M imidazole (low salt buffer) at pH 7, the sedimentation coefficient was 1.5 S, which increased to 14 S at 37 degrees C. Laser light scattering in low salt buffer and 9 mg/ml of protein indicated monomers with a radius of about 4 nm at 4 degrees C. The size of the radius increased as temperature increased, and, at 37 degrees C, the radius was about 12 nm. The molecular mass suggested the presence of about 47 monomers per polymer. In 0.25 M NaCl and with 10 nM Ca2+ prior to precipitation, the polymer attained a maximum radius of about 15 nm, which perhaps is the size of the smallest human milk micelles. The low value for reduced viscosity of 8.2 ml/g for the calcium-induced polymer was independent of protein concentration, suggesting a spherical shape and fixed size. Calcium apparently binds strongly to the phosphates; the dissociation constant was 8.1 x 10(-4) M. Other constituents of milk, such as inorganic orthophosphate, may contribute to differences in the manner by which beta-CN, with various phosphorylation levels, participate in micelle formation.
Effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors on potassium currents and mechanical activity in rat portal vein (1996)

1. The effects of the cytochrome P450 inhibitors, proadifen, clotrimazole and 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) on K-currents in freshly-isolated single cells derived from rat portal vein and on mechanical activity in whole veins were studied. 2. When cells were stepped from -90 mV to a series of test potentials (from -80 to +50 mV), a delayed rectifier current (IK(V)) and an A-type current (IK(A)) could be identified. Proadifen (10 microM), clotrimazole (30 microM) and 17-ODYA (5 microM) each inhibited IK(V) but had little effect on IK(A). 3. When cells were held at -10 mV to inactivate the time-dependent K-currents, IK(V) and IK(A), levcromakalim (3 microM) induced a time-independent outward K-current (IK(ATP)) which was totally inhibited by clotrimazole (30 microM) and almost fully inhibited by proadifen (10 microM). 17-ODYA (5 microM) had no effect on IK(ATP) and exerted only a minor inhibitory action on this current at 20 microM. 4. 17-ODYA (5 microM) potentiated current flow through the large conductance, Ca-sensitive K-channel (BKCa). In contrast, proadifen (10 microM) had no effect on IBK(Ca) whereas clotrimazole (30 microM) exerted a small but significant inhibitory action. 5. Proadifen (10 microM) and clotrimazole (30 microM) each inhibited the magnitude but increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions in whole portal veins. 17-ODYA (5 microM) had no effect on spontaneous contractions but these were inhibited when the concentration of 17-ODYA was increased to 50 microM. 6. The spasmolytic effect of levcromakalim on spontaneous contractions was antagonized by proadifen (10-30 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner but 17-ODYA (up to 50 microM) was without effect. 7. These results in portal vein show that cytochrome P450 inhibitors exert profound effects on a variety of K-channel subtypes. This suggests that enzymes dependent on this cofactor may be important regulators of K-channel activity in smooth muscle. The relevance of these findings for the identification of the pathway involved in the synthesis of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor is discussed.
B- and T-Cell Immune Responses to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: Divergence between Carrier- and Polysaccharide-Specific Immunogenicity (1999)

Conjugation of various serotypes of pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) to carrier protein enhances the magnitude of the polysaccharide-specific antibody response, presumably by eliciting T-cell help. However, variability in PnPS serotype-specific immunogenicity has been observed. CBA/J mice immunized with either 6B or 19F PnPS conjugated to the protein carrier Cross Reactive Material(197) (CRM(197)) produce a strong anti-PnPS antibody response; however, when mice are immunized with 23F PnPS conjugated to CRM(197), they fail to produce a significant anti-PnPS response. In order to determine whether this difference was related to alterations in antigen processing of the carrier protein and the subsequent T-cell responses, we studied proliferation of lymphocytes from CBA/J mice immunized with CRM(197) alone or conjugated to 6B, 19F, or 23F PnPS. T-cell proliferative responses to synthetic peptides demonstrated that lymph node cells elicited by the poorly immunogenic conjugate 23F-CRM(197) recognized many, but not all, of the epitopes recognized by lymph node cells elicited by 6B- and 19F-CRM(197) as well as additional epitopes. Despite marked differences in PnPS-specific immunogenicity, all mice made high titers of CRM(197) antibodies of the immunoglobulin G(1) isotype. Cells from mice immunized with any of the conjugates yielded vigorous T-cell responses to whole antigen. We conclude that the serotype of PnPS can alter the peptide specificities of T-cell responses, but even a poorly immunogenic PnPS conjugate can elicit a significant T-cell response. Thus, conjugation of PnPS to a carrier protein that elicits carrier-specific T- and B-cell responses does not necessarily enhance PnPS immunogenicity.
Reverse gate bias-induced degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2010)

A threshold reverse bias of ∼21 V was observed leading to a sharp increase in the gate current of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors biased at low source-drain voltage (5 V). The gate current increases by one to two orders of magnitude at this bias, corresponding to an electric field strength around 1.8 MV cm−1. The gate current increased by roughly five orders of magnitude after step-stressing the gate bias from 10 to 42 V in 1 V increments for 1 min at each bias. The drain current was also decreased by ∼20% after this step-stress cycle. The photoluminescence and electroluminescence intensity from the semiconductor is decreased along the periphery of the gate region after stressing and transmission electron microscopy shows a thin native oxide layer under the gate and this disappears as the gate metal reacts with the underlying AlGaN.
Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

Patients who survive traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often faced with persistent memory deficits. The hippocampus, a structure critical for learning and memory, is vulnerable to TBI and its dysfunction has been linked to memory impairments. Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase regulates protein synthesis (by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha [eIF2α]) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, such as increases in calcium levels, oxidative damage, and energy/glucose depletion, all of which have been implicated in TBI pathophysiology. Exposure of cells to guanabenz has been shown to increase eIF2α phosphorylation and reduce ER stress. Using a rodent model of TBI, we present experimental results that indicate that postinjury administration of 5.0 mg/kg of guanabenz reduced cortical contusion volume and decreased hippocampal cell damage. Moreover, guanabenz treatment attenuated TBI-associated motor, vestibulomotor, recognition memory, and spatial learning and memory dysfunction. Interestingly, when the initiation of treatment was delayed by 24 h, or the dose reduced to 0.5 mg/kg, some of these beneficial effects were still observed. Taken together, these findings further support the involvement of ER stress signaling in TBI pathophysiology and indicate that guanabenz may have translational utility.
Enhancing healthcare education with accelerated learning techniques. (1995)

In this article, the authors describe innovative teaching techniques that create a learning environment addressing nonverbal and verbal communication. The use of these accelerated learning techniques in a Basic Cardiac Dysrhythmia Course is discussed, and participant learning is measured and analyzed. When these methods, including relaxation, music, and subliminal messages were used, participant exam grades improved. The authors concluded that these simple procedures enhance learning and increase the effectiveness of teaching.
<i>dewA</i> encodes a fungal hydrophobin component of the <i>Aspergillus</i> spore wall (1995)

An anonymous cDNA clone, pCAN4, was shown previously to correspond to an mRNA that accumulates preferentially during asexual sporulation of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The peptide encoded by pCAN4 is a fungal hydrophobin, a group of small, hydrophobic cell wall proteins. When the CAN4 gene was disrupted, conidia and conidiophores appeared to be normal, but sporulating colonies wetted more rapidly with detergent solutions than did the wild type. We renamed CAN4 dewA for the detergent wettable phenotype and mapped it to chromosome V, 24 map units from cysC. The A. nidulans rodA gene also encodes a sporulation-specific fungal hydrophobin. Spores of a dewA- rodA- double mutant were less hydrophobic than those of either mutant alone, showing that dewA and rodA contribute independently to spore-wall hydrophobicity. Immunolocalization of DewA by epitope tagging demonstrated that DewA is present in the spore wall, but not in the walls of germ tubes, hyphae or cells of the spore-producing conidiophore. We conclude that dewA encodes a new fungal hydrophobin component of the conidial wall.
New adducts of phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) with pyridine and 4-methylpyridine and their vibrational, magnetic, and electronic properties. Part I. Reactivity towards oxygen (1975)

Different reaction temperatures have allowed the isolation of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 adducts of phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) with pyridine and 4-methylpyridine. Thermal, vibrational, and magnetic-susceptibility analyses have provided useful information about the structural properties of these complexes; e.s.r. and electronic spectra have permitted a detailed investigation of the ligand-field levels of the cobalt atom. All the adducts react with oxygen and form, at low temperatures, well characterized Co : O2 1 : 1 adducts.