gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transvertebral interbody cage and pedicle screw fixation for high-grade spondylolisthesis (2004)

Surgical stabilization of high-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis is clinically challenging, and the success of deformity reduction and fusion varies. The authors describe a patient with Grade III spondylolisthesis at L5-S1. Partial reduction was achieved and fusion involved pedicle screw fixation and a posterior transvertebral interbody cage. This patient had developed progressive spondylolisthesis after decompression and posterolateral fusion for L5-S1 spondylolisthesis failed. Clinical and early radiographic results were excellent. Transsacral cage fixation can be considered a viable option to buttress the region in which high-grade L5-S1 spondylolisthesis has been reduced. The cage provides substrate for interbody arthrodesis and acts as a biomechanical stabilizer that helps prevent pedicle screw failure.
Design of LIGBT protection circuit for smart power integration (2000)

Development of a monolithic power integrated circuit by making the lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) the main switching device is a current topic. The overcurrent protection scheme is usually necessary to be built as part of the function in such a power integrated circuit. The protection circuit requires distinguishing various fault conditions and reacting differently based on the device safe operating area (SOA) limitation. At the same time, the protection circuit should also be relatively concise and suitable for integration. In this paper, a concise circuit suitable for integration and with gate drive capability is proposed to provide the complete function of overcurrent SOA protection for the LIGBT. The operational principle was described in detail and the circuit performance was verified with experimental results from both the discrete circuit and the fabricated LIGBT integrated circuit.
In Vivo-Selected Mutations in Methyl-Directed Mismatch Repair Suppress the Virulence Attenuation of<i>Salmonella dam</i>Mutant Strains following Intraperitoneal, but Not Oral, Infection of Naive Mice (2007)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that lacks the DNA adenine methylase (Dam) ectopically expresses multiple genes that are preferentially expressed during infection, is attenuated for virulence, and confers heightened immunity in vaccinated hosts. The safety of dam mutant Salmonella vaccines was evaluated by screening within infected mice for isolates that have an increased capacity to cause disease relative to the attenuated parental strain. Since dam mutant strains are sensitive to the DNA base analog 2-aminopurine (2-AP), we screened for 2-AP-resistant (2-AP(r)) isolates in systemic tissues of mice infected with dam mutant Salmonella. Such 2-AP(r) derivatives were isolated following intraperitoneal but not oral administration and were shown to be competent for infectivity via intraperitoneal but not oral infection of naïve mice. These 2-AP(r) derivatives were deficient in methyl-directed mismatch repair and were resistant to nitric oxide, yet they retained the bile-sensitive phenotype of the parental dam mutant strain. Additionally, introduction of a mutH null mutation into dam mutant cells suppressed the inherent defects in intraperitoneal infectivity and nitric oxide resistance, as well as overexpression of SpvB, an actin cytotoxin required for Salmonella systemic survival. These data suggest that restoration of intraperitoneal virulence of dam mutant strains is associated with deficiencies in methyl-directed mismatch repair that correlate with the production of systemically related virulence functions.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Experimental Abscesses with Intravenous 67Ga Citrate and 67Ga Labeled Blood Leukocytes (1973)

BURLESON, RICHARD L. M.D., MAJ, MC; JOHNSON, M. C. M.D., COL, MC; HEAD, HAROLD M.D., MAJ, MC Author Information
Factors Influencing the Loss of β-Cell Mass in Islet Transplantation (2007)

Recent advances in clinical islet transplantation have clearly demonstrated that this procedure can provide excellent glycemic control and often insulin independence in a population of patients with type 1 diabetes. A key limitation in the widespread application of clinical islet transplantation is the requirement of 10,000 islet equivalents/kg in most recipients, generally derived from two or more cadaveric donors. It has been determined that a majority of the transplanted islets fail to engraft and become fully functional. In this review article, the factors that contribute to this early loss of islets following transplantation are discussed in depth.
High‐Quality Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Perovskites from a Phase‐Pure Non‐stoichiometric Intermediate (FAI)<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>‐PbI<sub>2</sub> for Solar Cells (2015)

A high-quality mixed-organic-cation perovskite (MA)x (FA)1- x PbI3 is prepared from a phase-pure non-stoichiometric intermediate complex (FAI)1- x -PbI2 . The phase-pure (FAI)1- x -PbI2 probably facilitates homogenous nucleation and modulates the growth kinetics during the crystallization of (MA)x (FA)1- x PbI3 . This strategy can be expected to pave the way for the development of mixed-organic-cation perovskite solar cells.
Pharmacokinetics of furagin, a new nitrofurantoin congener, on human volunteers. (1979)

The human pharmacokinetics of a nitrofurantoin congener furagin was studied after a single oral dose of 200 mg and during a 9-day continuous treatment with a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. The same dose of nitrofurantoin served as a reference medication. In the acute cross-over phase food greatly speeded up and atropine somewhat retarded the absorption of furagin, but the total absorption remained virtually unchanged as judged from the unchanged AUC values. The furagin concentrations in serum remain several hours above the MIC concentrations of many pathogenic bacteria. Despite the high concentrations in serum, the urine levels of furagin were generally lower than those of nitrofurantoin. The 24 hr recoveries in urine were 8--13% for furagin and about 36% for nitrofurantoin. In the prolonged trial furagin was absorbed and excreted in the same way as in the acute trial. On the 9th day the concentrations in serum and urine were higher than on the first day. The urinary concentrations of both furagin and nitrofurantoin always remained well above the MIC values of the most susceptible bacteria. Several volunteers complained of nightly cramps in their calves after taking furagin for some days, otherwise the side effects were minimal.
A Method of Analyzing Market Basket Based on Association Rules (2008)

The concept of Association Rules and its application in the analysis of market basket are discussed and the features of the Alphaminer2.0 are introduced.By using Alphaminer2.0 software,a method of analyzing market basket is given with an operational example.
A high‐discernment microflow cytometer with microweir structure (2008)

Using a simple and reliable isotropic wet etching process, we fabricated a microflow cytometer in which cells/particles are concentrated in the center of the sample stream using a 2-D hydrodynamic focusing technique and an microweir structure. Having focused the cells/particles, they are detected and counted using a LIF method. The experimental and numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the hydrodynamic sheath flows in squeezing the cells/particles into a narrow stream in the horizontal X-Y plane. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that the microweir structure results in the separation of the cells/particles in the vertical X-Z plane such that they pass through the detection region in a sequential fashion and can therefore be counted with a high degree of precision. The experimental results obtained using fluorescent polystyrene beads with diameters of 5 and 10 microm, respectively, confirm the suitability of the proposed device for microfluidic applications requiring the high-precision counting of particles or cells within a sample flow.
Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Children's Hospital Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium Protocol 85-01. (1994)

This protocol, which featured early intensive treatment including asparaginase, doxorubicin, and cranial irradiation, provided good long-term disease control for children with ALL.
Vertical object layout and compression for fixed heaps (2007)

Research into embedded sensor networks has placed increased focus on the problem of developing reliable and flexible software for microcontroller-class devices. Languages such as nesC [8] and Virgil [14] have brought higher-level programming idioms to this lowest layer of software, thereby adding expressiveness. Both languages are marked by the absence of dynamic memory allocation, which removes the need for a runtime system to manage memory. To provide data structures, nesC offers modules, and Virgil offers the application an opportunity to allocate and initialize objects during compilation. This paper explores techniques for compressing fixed object heaps with the goal of reducing the RAM footprint of a program. We explore table-based compression and introduce a novel form of object layout called vertical object layout. We provide experimental results that measure the impact on RAM size, code size, and execution time for a set of Virgil programs. Our results show that compressed vertical layout has better execution time and code size than table-based compression while achieving more than 20% heap reduction on 6 of 12 benchmark programs.
Remote Real-Time Monitoring of Subsurface Landfill Gas Migration (2011)

The cost of monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from landfill sites is of major concern for regulatory authorities. The current monitoring procedure is recognised as labour intensive, requiring agency inspectors to physically travel to perimeter borehole wells in rough terrain and manually measure gas concentration levels with expensive hand-held instrumentation. In this article we present a cost-effective and efficient system for remotely monitoring landfill subsurface migration of methane and carbon dioxide concentration levels. Based purely on an autonomous sensing architecture, the proposed sensing platform was capable of performing complex analytical measurements in situ and successfully communicating the data remotely to a cloud database. A web tool was developed to present the sensed data to relevant stakeholders. We report our experiences in deploying such an approach in the field over a period of approximately 16 months.
Strong photosensitive gratings in tin-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers (1995)

Strong photosensitive gratings of both type I and II have been demonstrated in germanium-free tin-doped phosphosilicate fibers. An index change of ~1.2 x 10(-3) has been achieved in 40 s of exposure. The fibers have strong absorption (~0.8 dB/microm) at the writing wavelength of ~248 nm because of tin doping. This is the f irst time to our knowledge that such strong gratings have been written in a phosphorous-containing silica fiber without low-temperature hydrogenation and that type II gratings have been written in a germanium-free fiber. The tin-doping technique can be used to write gratings in rare-earth-doped phosphosilicate fibers and to produce low-N.A. fibers for mass production of strong single-pulse type II gratings during fiber pulling.
Acyclic stereoselection. 16. High diastereofacial selectivity in Lewis acid mediated additions of enol silanes to chiral aldehydes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyclic stereoselection. 16. High diastereofacial selectivity in Lewis acid mediated additions of enol silanes to chiral aldehydesClayton H. Heathcock and Lee A. FlippinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6, 1667–1668Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00344a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00344a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1211Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes and pancreatic islet β cell microchimerism (2007)

Maternal cells have recently been found in the circulation and tissues of mothers' immune-competent children, including in adult life, and is referred to as maternal microchimerism (MMc). Whether MMc confers benefits during development or later in life or sometimes has adverse effects is unknown. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects children and young adults. To identify and quantify MMc, we developed a panel of quantitative PCR assays targeting nontransmitted, nonshared maternal-specific HLA alleles. MMc was assayed in peripheral blood from 172 individuals, 94 with T1D, 54 unaffected siblings, and 24 unrelated healthy subjects. MMc levels, expressed as the genome equivalent per 100,000 proband cells, were significantly higher in T1D patients than unaffected siblings and healthy subjects. Medians and ranges, respectively, were 0.09 (0-530), 0 (0-153), and 0 (0-7.9). Differences between groups were evident irrespective of HLA genotypes. However, for patients with the T1D-associated DQB1*0302-DRB1*04 haplotype, MMc was found more often when the haplotype was paternally (70%) rather than maternally transmitted (14%). In other studies, we looked for female islet beta cells in four male pancreases from autopsies, one from a T1D patient, employing FISH for X and Y chromosomes with concomitant CD45 and beta cell insulin staining. Female islet beta cells (presumed maternal) formed 0.39-0.96% of the total, whereas female hematopoietic cells were very rare. Thus, T1D patients have higher levels of MMc in their circulation than unaffected siblings and healthy individuals, and MMc contributes to islet beta cells in a mother's progeny.
Bevacizumab in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. (2009)

Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been associated with a poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. In addition to its prognostic role, VEGF is also a validated target in the treatment of this disease. Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, has demonstrated significant clinical benefit in several solid tumors, including breast cancer. Its use in combination with either paclitaxel or docetaxel has prolonged progression-free survival and increased response rates in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic, HER2-negative breast cancer. In this paper, the clinical trials establishing bevacizumab use for the treatment of breast cancer are reviewed.
Antenna beamforming using optical processor (2005)

This work concerns itself with the analytical investigation into the feasibility of optical processor based beamforming for microwave array antennas. The primary focus is on systems utilizing the 20 and 30 GHz communications band and a transmit configuration exclusively to serve this band. A mathematical model is developed for computation of candidate design configurations. The model is capable of determination of the necessary design parameters required for both spatial aspects of the microwave footprint (beam) formation as well as transmitted signal quality. Computed example beams transmitted from geosynchronous orbit are presented to demonstrate network capabilities. A comprehensive device/component survey is also conducted in parallel to determine the feasibility of breadboarding a transmit processor. Recommendations are made for the configuration of such a processor and the components which would comprise such a network.
Changes in aberrations and retinal image quality due to tear film dynamics (2006)

A reliable and objective method to measure aberration changes due to the tear film is essential in improving clinical assessment of the tear film and in vivo retinal imaging. The tear film of 11 subjects are studied by acquiring continuous wavefront measurements in real-time with a customized Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The device has a high resolution lenslet array (190 mum) and a topographer unit with an infrared pupil illuminator (940 nm). A Fourier transform reconstructor algorithm [1] was used to estimate the eyes' wavefront aberrations from slope measurements. Increasing irregularities in the tear film produced observable wavefront variations. The temporal behavior of tear induced aberrations and retinal image quality was evaluated by the root mean squared (RMS) error of the residual wavefront and the volume modulation transfer function (MTF). Similar trends were observed from both metrics. Our analysis demonstrates the applicability of the SH wavefront sensor to assessing the dynamics of the human tear film.
Expression profiling of CD133<sup>+</sup> and CD133<sup>—</sup> epithelial cells from human prostate (2008)

This study provides a unique genome-wide molecular signature of CD133+ and CD133- human prostate epithelial cells. This will provide a valuable resource for prostate stem cell biology research and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Initiation and Exacerbation of Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System via Virus-Induced Molecular Mimicry: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (2005)

Epidemiological studies indicate that infectious agents are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous reports showed that the infection of SJL mice with a nonpathogenic variant of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) engineered to express a naturally occurring Haemophilus influenzae-encoded molecular mimic (HI574-586) of an immunodominant self-myelin proteolipid protein epitope (PLP139-151) induced a rapid-onset demyelinating disease associated with the activation of PLP139-151-specific Th1 responses. The current results extend our previous findings in four critical respects. We show that disease initiation by the H. influenzae mimic is prevented by tolerance to the self PLP139-151 epitope, definitively proving the occurrence of infection-induced molecular mimicry. We demonstrate that the H. influenzae mimic epitope can be processed from the flanking sequences within the native mimic protein. We show that the H. influenzae mimic epitope only induces an immunopathologic self-reactive Th1 response and subsequent clinical disease in the context of the TMEV infection and not when administered in complete Freund's adjuvant, indicating that molecular mimicry-induced disease initiation requires virus-activated innate immune signals. Lastly, we show that the infection of SJL mice with TMEV expressing the H. influenzae mimic can exacerbate a previously established nonprogressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Collectively, these findings illustrate the evolving mechanisms by which virus infections may contribute to both the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, and they have important implications for MS pathogenesis.
Grundlagen (1997)

Die Wirkungsweise des Lichtmikroskops wird Lesern dieses Textes vertraut sein: eine Objektiv genannte Linse (bzw. ein Linsensystem) entwirft ein reelles, vergrößertes Bild (Bild I) des Objekts, welches mittels einer zweiten Linse, des Okulars, weitervergrößert betrachtet wird. Das Okular wirkt hier als Lupe. Bekanntlich kann statt des Okulars ein Projektiv ein reelles Bild (Bild II) des Bildes I auf einer Projektionsfläche oder einem photographischen Film entwerfen. Die Gesamtvergrößerung ergibt sich dann als Produkt der Vergrößerungen des Objektivs und des Projektivs.
Antiinflammatory properties of ambroxol. (2008)

Ambroxol is frequently used as mucolytic agent in respiratory diseases associated with increased mucus production like acute or chronic bronchitis. Further, ambroxol is used topically (lozenges) for the treatment of sore throat and pharyngitis associated with common cold. In addition to the effects of ambroxol on mucus regulation and local anaesthetic effects, a wide range of pharmacological antiinflammatory properties of ambroxol have been described in vitro and in vivo, including inhibition or scavenging of oxidative and nitro?sative stress, increase of local defense molecules involved in respiratory virus replication, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid meta?bolites, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and lipid peroxidation of tissues. The present review summarizes the antiinflammatory effects of ambroxol and relates these properties to results from controlled clinical trials in targeted diseases such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sore throat.
Electrospun Fiber-Based Drug Delivery System (2009)

Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of chemotherapy and surgery. Ondansetron (OND) is an anti-emetic drug that helps reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting in these cases. Fibrous patches are constructed using an electrospinner with OND embedded in the fibers. In vitro drug release studies are conducted and analysis is completed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as spectrophotometry. Fibrous patches constructed out of polycaprolactone (PCL) demonstrate desirable drug release kinetics when compared to existing treatments.
Two and three-dimensional shock-shock interactions on the blunt leading edges of the hypersonic inlets (1991)

The effect of shock impingement on the blunt leading edges of the top and sidewall compression type inlet of a scramjet engine is studied numerically. The impinging shock is caused by the vehicle forebody. The interaction of this forebody shock with the inlet leading edge shock results in a very complex flowfield containing local regions of high pressure and intense heating. This complex flowfield in calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using a finite volume flux splitting technique due to van Leer. To resolve the finer details of the flow structure as well as to predict the surface heat transfer accurately, adaptive grid technique is used in the analysis. Results of the present numerical study are compared with available experimental results.