gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Investigation of Flow Paths in 3D Self-Affine Fractures with Lattice Boltzmann Simulations (2018)

In this study, laboratory experiments and simulations have been conducted to investigate single water phase flow through self-affine rough fractures. It is the first time that 3D printing technology is proposed for the application of generating self-affine rough fractures. The experimental setup was designed to measure the water volume by dividing the discharging surface into five sections with equal distances under constant injection flow rates. Water flow through self-affine rough fractures was simulated numerically by using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). An agreement between the experimental data and the numerical simulation results was achieved. The fractal dimension is positively correlated to fracture surface roughness and the fracture inclination represents the gravity force acting on the water flow. The influences of fracture inclinations, fractal dimensions, and mismatch wavelengths were studied and analyzed, with an emphasis on flow paths through a self-affine rough fracture. Different values of fractal dimensions, fracture inclinations, and mismatch wavelengths result in small changes of flow rates from five sections of discharging surface. However, the section of discharging surface with the largest flow rate remains constant. In addition, it is found that the gravity force can affect flow paths. Combined with the experimental data, the simulation results are used to explain the preferential flow paths through fracture rough surfaces from a new perspective. The results may enhance our understanding of fluid flow through fractures and provide a solid background for further research in the areas of energy exploration and production.
Porous graphenes: two-dimensional polymer synthesis with atomic precision (2009)

We demonstrate, by surface-assisted coupling of specifically designed molecular building blocks, the fabrication of regular two-dimensional polyphenylene networks with single-atom wide pores and sub-nanometer periodicity.
Analytical Applications and Construction of Long-Tube Vaporizers. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Applications and Construction of Long-Tube Vaporizers.B. D. AshCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 7, 1363–1365Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60213a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60213a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A social network under social distancing: Risk-driven backbone management during COVID-19 and beyond (2021)

As the COVID-19 pandemic reshapes our social landscape, its lessons have far-reaching implications on how online service providers manage their infrastructure to mitigate risks. This paper presents Facebook's risk-driven backbone management strategy to ensure high service performance throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe Risk Simulation System (RSS), a production system that identifies possible failures and quantifies their potential severity with a set of metrics for network risk. With a year-long risk measurement from RSS we show that our backbone resiliently withstood the COVID-19 stress test, achieving high service availability and low route dilation while efficiently handling traffic surges. We also share our operational practices to mitigate risk throughout the pandemic. Our findings give insights to further improve risk-driven network management. We argue for incorporating short-term failure statistics in modeling failures. Common failure prediction models based on long-term modeling achieve stable output at the cost of assigning low significance to unique short-term events of extreme importance such as COVID-19. Furthermore, we advocate augmenting network management techniques with non-networking signals. We support this by identifying and analyzing the correlation between network traffic and human mobility. © 2021 by The USENIX Association.
Flavor Chemistry of Peppermint Oil (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) (2001)

The flavoring of foods and oral care products with mint is economically of growing importance. The flavorings consist mainly of blends of peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and cornmint oils (Mentha arvensis), along with menthol and other flavor materials. In addition, more and more nature-identical (synthetic) mint oil compositions are used. The most valuable oil is Mentha piperita which is mainly grown in the United States but also in smaller amounts in France, Italy, China, and India, in various varieties. The five primary American mint oil producing regions are the Midwest Range (Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan), Willamette (West Oregon), Madras (East Oregon), Kennewick (Washington) and Idaho. In our study a Willamette peppermint oil was extensively investigated by GC, GC-MS and GC-olfactometry for its flavor chemistry. The isolation and identification of so far unknown trace components was achieved by micro-preparative chromatographic methods and subsequent application of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Some new flavor compounds could be identified which have not been described in peppermint oil or even in natural products before.
Heartbeat Cycle Length Detection by a Ballistocardiographic Sensor in Atrial Fibrillation and Sinus Rhythm (2015)

Heartbeat cycle length measurement by our novel algorithm for BCG foil is feasible during SR and AF, offering new possibilities of unobtrusive heart rate monitoring. This trial is registered with IRB registration number EK205/11. This trial is registered with clinical trials registration number NCT01779674.
Probe-tube microphone for pressure-fluctuation measurements in harsh environments (1977)

A probe-tube microphone has been developed for use in the harsh experimental environment involved in studying small-scale pressure fluctuations in combustion magnetohydrodynamics. A smooth frequency response is obtained by a theoretically derived method of impedance matching where an acoustical resistance is placed midway within the length of the tube. The use of such probe-tube microphones under experimental conditions has proven very satisfactory.
Integration of Sound Signature in Graphical Password Authentication System (2011)

Here a graphical password system with a supportive sound signature to increase the remembrance of the password is discussed. In proposed work a click-based graphical password scheme called Cued Click Points (CCP) is presented. In this system a password consists of sequence of some images in which user can select one click-point per image. In addition user is asked to select a sound signature corresponding to each click point this sound signature will be used to help the user in recalling the click point on an image. System showed very good Performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease of use. Users preferred CCP to Pass Points, saying that selecting and remembering only one point per image was easier and sound signature helps considerably in recalling the click points.
Numerical estimation of the total phase shift in complex spectral OCT in vivo imaging (2004)

Complex Spectral Optical Tomography (CSOCT) in comparison to ordinary SOCT produces images free of parasitic mirror terms which results in double extension of the measurement range. This technique, however, requires the exact knowledge about the values of the introduced phase shifts in consecutive measurements. Involuntary object movements, which shift the phase from one measurement to another are always present in in vivo experiments. This introduces residual ghosts in cross-sectional images. Here we present a new method of data analysis, which allows determining the real phase shifts introduced during the measurement, and which helps to reduce the ghost effect. Two-dimensional cross-sectional in vivo images of human eye and skin obtained with the aid of this improved complex spectral OCT technique are shown. The method is free of polychromatic phase error originating from the wavelength dependence of the phase shift introduced by the reference mirror translation.
A Study on the Methods of Regional People's Attitude Change for Solution of Environmental Problems (1997)

All kinds of environmental problems are related to each local environment. For solving these problems, it is necessary to change regional people's Environmental Attitude in their particular community. In order to provide methods of the regional people's attitude change for solution to the environmental problems, the suggestions of this study are : 1) the systematical and continuing education about environmental problems for inhabitants 2) the persuasion process for regional people, 3) the inducement of their actions toward environmental problem solution, and 4) the social pressure through laws and institutes.
A low-cost rapid prototyping method for metal electrode fabrication using a CO<sub>2</sub>laser cutter (2013)

In this note, a novel approach on the use of a low-power CO2 laser cutter is proposed to pattern thin metal electrode prototypes. Although low-power CO2 laser cutters have been used to etch and cut a wide range of materials, based on our knowledge, metal electrode patterning has not been previously explored. Using the proposed approach, metal electrodes can be patterned on the substrates that are good absorbers of CO2 wavelength. Here, polymethylmethacrylate substrates are selected and metal electrode patterning using the commercial CO2 laser cutter of VLS 3.50 Versa Laser is investigated. This approach has a wide range of applications, and two of those examples for microwave heating and antenna applications are presented.
Efficient purely-dynamic information flow analysis (2009)

We present a novel approach for efficiently tracking information flow in a dynamically-typed language such as JavaScript. Our approach is purely dynamic, and it detects problems with implicit paths via a dynamic check that avoids the need for an approximate static analyses while still guaranteeing non-interference. We incorporate this check into an efficient evaluation strategy based on sparse information labeling that leaves information flow labels implicit whenever possible, and introduces explicit labels only for values that migrate between security domains. We present experimental results showing that, on a range of small benchmark programs, sparse labeling provides a substantial (30%-50%) speed-up over universal labeling.
Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)/Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanofibers: A Novel Polymeric Adsorbent/Conducting Polymer Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Gas Sensors (2012)

Conducting polymers-based gas sensors have attracted increasing research attention these years. The introduction of inorganic sensitizers (noble metals or inorganic semiconductors) within the conducting polymers-based gas sensors has been regarded as the generally effective route for further enhanced sensors. Here we demonstrate a novel route for highly-efficient conducting polymers-based gas sensors by introduction of polymeric sensitizers (polymeric adsorbent) within the conducting polymeric nanostructures to form one-dimensional polymeric adsorbent/conducting polymer core-shell nanocomposites, via electrospinning and solution-phase polymerization. The adsorption effect of the SPEEK toward NH₃ can facilitate the mass diffusion of NH₃ through the PPy layers, resulting in the enhanced sensing signals. On the basis of the SPEEK/PPy nanofibers, the sensors exhibit large gas responses, even when exposed to very low concentration of NH₃ (20 ppb) at room temperature.
Distributed spectrum access in dense 5G networks (2015)

The next generation of radio access networks is expected to offer users flexible radio access to a wide range of frequency bands and radio access technologies (RATs) in dense deployments. In this context, we investigate novel lightweight algorithms for spectrum access in ultra-dense networks. We pose the problem as a network utility maximization and apply Lagrange duality to devise distributed algorithms for users to jointly select access nodes and spectrum bands. Leveraging our theoretical framework, we further propose a heuristic scheme for spectrum access based on the expected long-term user data rate per RAT, hence on a measure of the RATs' traffic load. Numerical examples show that our schemes achieve significant throughput gains on top of the gains achievable by network densification.
Pattern-based Write Scheduling and Read Balance-oriented Wear-Leveling for Solid State Drivers (2019)

This paper proposes a pattern-based I/O scheduling mechanism, which identifies frequently written data with patterns and dispatches them to the same SSD blocks having a small erase count. The data on the same block are mostly like to be invalided together, so that the overhead of garbage collection can be greatly reduced. Moreover, a read balance-oriented wear-leveling scheme is introduced to extend the lifetime of SSDs. Specifically, it distributes the hot read data in the blocks with a small erase count, to heavily erased blocks in different chips of the same SSD channel, while carrying out wear-leveling. As a result, internal parallelism at the chip level of SSD can be fully exploited for achieving better read data throughput. We conduct a series of simulation tests with a number of disk traces of real-world applications under the SSDsim platform. The experimental results show that the newly proposed mechanism can reduce garbage collection overhead by 11.3%, and the read response time by 12.8% in average, comparing to existing approaches of scheduling and wear-leveling for SSDs.
A 10-Year Follow-Up of Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factors in Military Pilots (2007)

Based on reference data, pilots usually represent a healthier population in those countries where coronary artery diseases are leading health problems. In Hungary, many young pilots leave the army due to its currently ongoing transformation, while the elder are less motivated to change careers. It is probably the role of the stricter physical fitness test and screening examinations, and the effect of military propaganda targeting health conservation, that is in the background of the elder pilots' value improvements. It is also an influencing factor that by administering antilipid and antihypertensive medication based on NATO recommendations in the cases of those with increased risk, the probability of the development of IHD decreases and the affected pilots can be kept longer in service.
Propulsion System Performance Simulation (PS**2) Computer Simulation to Evaluate Tank-Automotive Engine and Transmission Performance. A User's Guide (1988)

This report describes how to use a computer simulation to predict the performance of Army Tank-Automotive equipment. The simulation uses engineering data to predict the gradability, acceleration and fuel consumption of vehicle propulsion systems. The engine, transmission and intermediate driveline components are simulated mathematically in order to provide an interactive capability. The simulation supports Tektronix 4014 terminals and can produce plots of simulation output. The output is also provided in a file which can be sent to a printer.
Human Tissue-Temperature Rise During Ultrasound Treatments With the Aquaflex Gel Pad. (2004)

OBJECTIVE: To measure tissue-temperature rise in the lateral aspect of the ankle during 10-minute ultrasound treatments with ultrasound gel (gel), a gel pad with a thin layer of ultrasound gel on the top (gel/pad), and a gel pad with a thin layer of ultrasound gel on the top and the bottom coated with ultrasound gel (gel/pad/gel). DESIGN AND SETTING: We used a 1 x 3 repeated-measures, crossover design. The dependent variables were tissue-temperature change and time to peak temperature. The independent variable was the type of ultrasound coupling medium. Treatment orders were randomly assigned, and all possible orders were assigned 3 times. A thermocouple was inserted through a 32-mm catheter at a depth of 1 cm into the target-tissue space, the posterior lateral aspect of the left ankle, halfway between the lateral malleolus and the Achilles tendon. Each treatment consisted of ultrasound delivered topically at 1 W/cm(2), 3 MHz, in the continuous mode for 10 minutes. SUBJECTS: Eighteen healthy, college-aged student volunteers (13 women, 5 men), with no history of ankle injury in the previous 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: Intratissue temperature, measured every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. RESULTS: Intratissue temperature increases during the 10-minute treatments were significantly greater for the ultrasound gel (7.72 degrees C +/- 0.52 degrees C) and the gel/pad/gel (6.68 degrees C +/- 0.52 degrees C) than for the gel/pad (4.98 degrees C +/- 0.52 degrees C). CONCLUSIONS: When ultrasound is applied over bony prominences, a gel pad should be covered with ultrasound gel on both sides to ensure optimal heating.
Genetic engineering of plants to enhance resistance to fungal pathogensa review of progress and future prospects (2001)

Recent applications of techniques in plant molecular biology and biotechnology to the study of hostpathogen interactions have resulted in the identification and cloning of numerous genes involved in the defense responses of plants following pathogen infection. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compounds that are directly toxic to pathogens or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in the interactions with avirulence factors. The introduction and expression of these genes, as well as of antimicrobial genes from nonplant sources, in a range of transgenic plant species have shown that the development of fungal pathogens can be significantly reduced. The extent of disease reduction varies with the strategy employed as well as with the characteristics of the fungal pathogen, and disease control has never been complete. Manipulation of salicylic acid, ethylene, and cytokinin levels in transgenic plants have provided some interesting results with regard to enhanced disease tolerance or susceptibility. The complex interactions among the expressed gene product, plant species, and fungal pathogen indicate that the response of transgenic plants cannot be readily predicted. Combinations of defense gene products have shown considerably more promise in reducing disease than single-transgene introductions. The use of tissue-specific or pathogen-inducible promoters, and the engineered expression of resistance genes, synthetic antimicrobial peptides, and elicitor molecules that induce defense responses have the potential to provide commercially useful broad-spectrum disease resistance in the not-too-distant future. The issues and challenges that will need to be addressed prior to the widespread utilization of these transgenic plants are highlighted.
Nanostructured Y sub 2 O sub 3; Synthesis and relation to microstructure and properties (1991)

It has been shown that a variety of nanostructured (n-) metal-oxide ceramics such as n-TiO{sub 2}, n-ZrO{sub 2}, n-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, n-ZnO and n-MgO can be produced using the inert gas condensation process. Amongst all the nanostructured oxides, the synthesis, microstructure, sintering, and mechanical properties of n-TiO{sub 2} have been studied the most extensively. The gas condensation preparation of nanostructured metal-oxide ceramics involves evaporation of metal nanoparticles, collection and post- oxidation. The original synthesis studies of n-TiO{sub 2} showed that in order to avoid formation of the many low oxidation state oxides in the Ti-O system, the post-oxidation had to be performed by rapidly exposing the Ti nanoparticles to pure oxygen gas. By doing so, the highest oxidation state and the most stable structure, rutile, was obtained. An undesired feature of this step is that the nanoparticles heat up to high temperatures for a brief period of time due to the exothermic nature of the oxidation. As a consequence, the particles with an average size of 12 nm tend to agglomerate into larger structures up to 50 nm. The agglomerated state of the powder is important since it determines the original density and pore size distribution after compaction, as wellmore » as the sintering characteristics and final microstructure of the bulk sample. As a consequence of the preparation procedure of n-TiO{sub 2} and the resulting agglomeration, the pore size distribution of n-TiO{sub 2} compacted at room temperature is very wide, with pore sizes ranging from 1 to 200 nm. Nevertheless, the n-TiO{sub 2} sinters at temperatures several hundred degrees lower than conventional coarse grained ceramics. From the previous results on n- TiO{sub 2} it is anticipated that better microstructures and properties can be achieved by reducing the agglomeration of nanostructured powders through a more controlled post- oxidation process.« less
Nonempirical study of the structure and stability of beryllium, magnesium, and calcium borohydrides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonempirical study of the structure and stability of beryllium, magnesium, and calcium borohydridesRosanna Bonaccorsi, Oleg P. Charkin, and Jacopo TomasiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 15, 2964–2969Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00015a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00015a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts