gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Authenticity of Sake by Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis (1983)

Abstract Sake samples are fractionally distilled so that the resultant ethanol concentration of the distillate is approximately 95%. Determination of 14C by liquid scintillation counting on the ethanol fraction differentiates alcohol produced by fermentation from synthetic ethanol produced from fossil fuel sources. 13C/12C stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) is capable of detecting alcohol from a cane or corn source in sake samples. This analysis also shows the addition of corn or cane sugar before or after fermentation of the sake.
Salsolinol—neurotoxic or Neuroprotective? (2019)

Salsolinol (6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), widely available in many edibles, is considered to alter the function of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and thus, multiple hypotheses on its either physiological and/or pathophysiological role have emerged. The aim of our work was to revisit its potentially neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective role through a series of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Salsolinol in the concentration range 10-250 μM did not show any significant release of lactate dehydrogenase from necrotic SH-SY5Y cells and was able in the concentration of 50 and 100 μM to rescue SH-SY5Y cells from death induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Its neuroprotective effect against neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine was also determined. Salsolinol was found to decrease significantly the reactive oxygen species level in SH-SY5Y cells treated by 500 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the caspase activity induced by 300 μM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or 100 μM of 6-hydroxydopamine. Serum levels of TNFα and CRP of salsolinol-treated rats were not significantly different from control animals. Both TNFα and CRP served as indirect markers of neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection. Although the neurotoxic properties of salsolinol have numerously been emphasized, its neuroprotective properties should not be neglected and need greater consideration.
Irreversible extinction of ferroelectric polarization in P(VDF-TrFE) thin films upon melting and recrystallization (2006)

We observed the irreversible extinction of ferroelectric polarization in spun coated poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) thin films upon melting and recrystallization. We investigate the alteration of the ferroelectric properties correlated with the preferred polymer crystal orientation with respect to the electrodes using grazing incident scattering, spectroscopy, and electron microscopes. Heat treatment above melting point gave rise to the significant reduction of the ferroelectric performance mainly caused by the modification of molecular orientation of polymer crystals whose c and b axes are perpendicular and parallel to the electrode surface, respectively, leading to almost zero effective electric field.
Three-level AND-OR-XOR network synthesis: A GA based approach (2008)

In this paper we present a heuristic based on Genetic Algorithm to realize multi-output Boolean function as three-level AND-OR-XOR networks along with area power trade-off. All the previous works dealt with the minimization of number of product terms only in the two sum-of-product-expressions representing a Boolean function during AND-OR-XOR network synthesis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first ever effort to incorporate total power, that is, dynamic and leakage power along with the area (in terms of number of product terms) during three-level AND-OR-XOR network synthesis. Our synthesis process gives lesser number of product terms compared to those reported in the literature. It also enumerates the trade-offs present in the solution space for different weights associated with area, dynamic and leakage power of the resulting circuit.
Asymmetric Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide to Substituted Benzaldehydes Catalyzed by a Synthetic Cyclic Peptide, <i>Cyclo</i>((<i>S</i>)-phenylalanyl-(<i>S</i>)-histidyl) (1986)

Abstract Using cyclo((S)-phenylalanyl-(S)-histidyl) as catalyst, optically active cyanohydrins from substituted benzaldehydes with p-methyl, m-methyl, o-methyl, m-methoxyl, or m-phenoxyl group were obtained with optical yield of 82–33%. For the asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis, nonpolar solvent such as benzene or carbon tetrachloride was advantageous, while no asymmetric synthesis took place in methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.
Pressure swing adsorption reactors: Simulation of three‐step one‐bed process (1994)

Abstract A three‐step (feed, delay, and purge), one‐column pressure swing adsorption reactor has been analyzed. An equilibrium model taking into account species mass balances, overall mass balance, momentum balance, reaction rate, and nonlinear multicomponent adsorption equilibrium isotherms was derived to describe the PSA reactor process. Numerical solution of model equations was obtained by using the method of orthogonal collocation on finite elements, and simulation results showed that 10–20% higher conversion than reaction equilibrium conversion in a fixed‐bed reactor could be obtained from the PSA reactor for a reversible reaction A ⇄ B + C, such as dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene and hydrogen on cadmium‐exchanged zeolites, where only product B was assumed to be adsorbed. When both reactant A and product B are adsorbed, 10% higher conversion over the reaction equilibrium limit was observed for pure reactant feed. The effects of system and operating parameters on the process performance of the PSA reactor have been studies, as well as the bed dynamics of the PSA reactor at the cyclic steady state.
Detecting wMel Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) (2019)

We describe an alternative, novel and high-throughput method for diagnosing wMel Wolbachia infections in mosquitoes. This assay should support Wolbachia surveillance in both laboratory and field populations of Ae. aegypti.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the surgical treatment of cerebral metastases (2010)

Surgical resection represents one of several treatment modalities in metastatic brain disease. iMRI is useful for neuronavigation and resection control and as an adjunct in minimal-invasive procedures in patients with CM; however, its exact value is yet to be determined by prospective randomized trials.
Isolation and characterization of a human novel RAB (RAB39B) gene (2002)

Rab proteins are small-molecular-weight GTPases that control vesicular trafficking in eukaryotic cells. During the large-scale sequencing analysis of a human fetal brain cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a novel Rab protein, which showed 74.2% identity with previously isolated Rab39A at the amino acid level. RAB39B was expressed in a variety of human tissues and located in human chromosome Xq28. It consisted of two exons spanning 3764 bp of human genomic DNA.
The KOH-Number Test and Its Application to the Compounding of Zinc Oxide in Rubber Latex (1939)

Abstract 1. From measurements of the cataphoretic mobility of latex particles in potassium and calcium buffers, respectively, it has been calculated that in order to obtain high stability in latex compounds, the concentration of divalent ions must be of the order of 0.002 M or less. 2. Measurements of the cataphoretic mobility of latex particles suspended in solutions of constant zinc and ammonia concentrations indicate that in the presence of dissolved zinc oxide the stability of latex is increased with increasing p H above p H 9.6. This is attributed to conversion of divalent zinc ammonia ion (Zn(NH 3 ) 4 ++ ) into monovalent zinc ammonia hydroxide ion (Zn(NH 3 ) 3 OH + ). 3. A consideration of the mass action equations for zinc hydroxide and zinc ammonia hydroxide shows that the concentration of divalent zinc ion decreases rapidly as the ammonia concentration is reduced or as the p H is increased. 4. The EOH number of latex is defined as the number of grams of KOH per 100 grams of rubber corresponding to the end point (at p H 10.7–11) in the electrometric titration of latex with KOH. Experimental precautions in determining the KOH number are discussed. 5. Data are given which show that the KOH number of a normal latex may be reduced more than tenfold by creaming three times from 33% T.S. to 62% T.S. 6. The KOH numbers of commercially available normal latices have been found to vary between 1.2 and 2.4, and those of creamed or centrifuged latices between 0.55 and 0.95. 7. The amount of KOH for optimum stabilization ( i.e. , maximum stability, minimum viscosity and minimum change of properties with time) of zinc oxide compounds containing no added buffering ingredients varies with the latex, and is numerically equal to the KOH number. This quantity of KOH produces a p H of 10.7–11.0. 8. If appreciable amounts of protective ingredients such as casein, glue or gum arabic are added in compounding, sufficient additional KOH must be added to maintain a p H of 10.7–11 in the latex compound. The amounts of KOH required may be determined by electrometric titration of the protective ingredients.
Measuring low alternating magnetic fields by means of Bi-containing rare-earth ferrite-garnet films with planar anisotropy (1991)

A method of magnetization control through homogeneous rotation has been applied to Bi-containing rare-earth ferrite-garnet films with planar anisotropy. A dynamical range of 160 dB for low alternating magnetic fields detected at f=50 kHz is shown. A minimum detectable field (10−7 Oe) is limited by the sensitivity of polarimeter at the wavelength of the Ar-ion laser λ=514.5 nm, and the output 1 W. The saturation field applied (about 10 Oe) does not result in remanent magnetization in the limits of static orientation vector M resolution. New magneto-optical techniques for investigation with a homogeneous rotation field and for magnetocrystalline anisotropy investigation of in-plane films are described.
An Experimental Evaluation of Torque Sensor Based Feedback Control of Combustion Phasing in an SI-engine (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Feedback control of combustion phasing based on a crankshaft integrated torque sensor was developed for a spark ignited five cylinder engine. A cylinder individual measure for combustion phasing, called 50% torque ratio, is extracted from the torque signal and used by a spark advance controller. The estimated torque ratio is based on a simplified estimation algorithm where torsional resonances in the crankshaft are neglected, thus limiting the operating range up to a maximum of about 2000 rpm. The torque ratio measure has been compared with the existing measure 50% burned mass fraction, and proven to be a reliable measure for combustion phasing. The spark advance controller has been evaluated by using internal EGR changes as combustion disturbances and an examination of its cylinder balancing properties was performed.</div>
Anomeric Samarium(III) Intermediates of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid from Anomeric 2-Pyridylsulfides (2009)

Treatment of the anomeric 2-thiopyridyl derivative of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) with samarium diiodide in the presence of aldehydes or ketones provides the corresponding C-sialylated derivatives in excellent yields.The efficiency of the reductive samariation of the anomeric 2-pyridylsulfide moiety in the Neu5Ac series does not require any cosolvent or additive.This samarium Reformatsky-like reaction from anomeric 2-pyridylsulfide derivatives of Neu5Ac provides an efficient and highly stereoselective access to α-2,6-C-disaccharides.N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the more common nine-carbon member of the ulosonic acids family, that are important constituents of numerous oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. 1 The terminal position of the Neu5Ac residues in these conjugates confer a major role to these structures in many biological processes. 2,3The α-glycosidic linkage of this important structural unit exhibits however poor chemical and enzymatic hydrolytic stability thus providing unstable tools for biological research.The replacement of the interglycosidic oxygen by a carbon atom provides carbon-linked analogues (C-glycosides) that are stable to hydrolysis. 4 Based on our previous work on neutral aldoses 5 and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-sugars, 6 Linhardt and coworkers 7 have reported, over the past years, efficient and stereoselective access to C-glycosides of Neu5Ac based on the reductive metallation of anomeric aryl sulfones and chloride.In an effort to further simplify the preparation of the anomeric organometallic precursor, our laboratory previously reported procedures that rely on the reductive samariation of standard peracetylated intermediates 8 and subsequent coupling with carbonyl electrophiles.Along these
Swift: a fast dynamic packet filter (2008)

This paper presents Swift, a packet filter for high performance packet capture on commercial off-the-shelf hardware. The key features of Swift include (1) extremely low filter update latency for dynamic packet filtering, and (2) Gbps high-speed packet processing. Based on complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architecture (ISA), Swift achieves the former with an instruction set design that avoids the need for compilation and security checking, and the latter by mainly utilizing SIMD (single instruction, multiple data). We implement Swift in the Linux 2.6 kernel for both i386 and x86 64 architectures. The Swift userspace library supports two sets of application programming interfaces (APIs): a BPF-friendly API for backward compatibility and an object oriented API for simplifying filter coding. We extensively evaluate the dynamic and static filtering performance of Swift on multiple machines with different hardware setups. We compare Swift with BPF (the BSD packet filter)—the de facto standard for packet filtering in modern operating systems—and hand-coded optimized C filters that are used for demonstrating possible performance gains. For dynamic filtering tasks, Swift is at least three orders of magnitude faster than BPF in terms of filter update latency. For static filtering tasks, Swift outperforms BPF up to three times in terms of packet processing speed, and achieves much closer performance to the optimized C filters. 1
Increase in serum potassium resulting from the administration of hypertonic mannitol and other solutions. (1969)

Abstract Administration of hypertonic mannitol or hypertonic saline to normal persons produces a significant rise in serum potassium regardless of preceding potassium intake. This rise can be associated with electrocardiographic changes suggestive of hyperkalemia. The change in serum potassium occurs in hydropenic and hydrated normal men and is independent of changes in serum sodium concentration produced by infusions. The rise in serum potassium is also produced by a similar degree of expansion of the extracellular fluid by isotonic mannitol but not by isotonic or hypertonic bicarbonate solution or by isotonic saline. These findings suggest that the rise in serum potassium produced by hypertonic solutions may be due in part to the dilutional acidosis produced by expansion of the extracellular fluid volume and perhaps in some manner to the movement of water out of cells. The present studies do not allow a distinction between these two or other possible mechanisms. These findings suggest that in addition to other complications of hypertonic mannitol administration, the possiblity of worsening hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure or other diseases associated with increased serum potassium must be considered.
Nonlinear Mesoscopic Elasticity: Evidence for a New Class of Materials (1999)

A squash ball almost doesn't bounce; a Superball bounces first left then right, seeming to have a mind of its own. Remarkable and complex elastic behavior isn't confined to sports equipment and toys. Indeed, it can be found in some surprising places. When the elastic behavior of a rock is probed, for instance, it shows extreme nonlinearity hysteresis and discrete memory (the Flint-stones could have had a computer that used a sandstone for random-access memory). Rocks are an example of a class of unusual elastic materials that includes sand. soil, cement, concrete, ceramics and, it turns out, damaged materials, Many members of this class are the blue-collar materials of daily life: They are in the bridges we cross on the way to work, the roofs over our heads and the ground beneath our cities—such as the Los Angeles basin (home to many earthquakes). The elastic behavior of these materials is of more than academic interest.
DeepEyes: Progressive Visual Analytics for Designing Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Deep neural networks are now rivaling human accuracy in several pattern recognition problems. Compared to traditional classifiers, where features are handcrafted, neural networks learn increasingly complex features directly from the data. Instead of handcrafting the features, it is now the network architecture that is manually engineered. The network architecture parameters such as the number of layers or the number of filters per layer and their interconnections are essential for good performance. Even though basic design guidelines exist, designing a neural network is an iterative trial-and-error process that takes days or even weeks to perform due to the large datasets used for training. In this paper, we present DeepEyes, a Progressive Visual Analytics system that supports the design of neural networks during training. We present novel visualizations, supporting the identification of layers that learned a stable set of patterns and, therefore, are of interest for a detailed analysis. The system facilitates the identification of problems, such as superfluous filters or layers, and information that is not being captured by the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through multiple use cases, showing how a trained network can be compressed, reshaped and adapted to different problems.
If software is king for systems-on-silicon, what's new in compilers? (1997)

While software is already a significant component in today's system-on-silicon, it is expected to greatly dominate future generations of systems-on-silicon that will contain several (possibly heterogeneous) programmable processors, as well as reconfigurable hardware blocks and large amounts of on-chip memory. In this context, one could argue that the problems for compiler designers haven't changed at all, since the basic issues all boil down to the traditional challenges of: 1) coarse-grain parallelism extraction for the multiple processors on chip, 2) instruction level parallelism exploitation for individual processors, and 3) retargetable code generation for versions of the on-chip processors. This paper summarizes the positions of the panelists who presented their views on the new challenges in compilers for future systems-on-silicon, and who debated these issues at ICCD '97.
PHOTOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS AND PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIA OVER SrTiO3 AND BaTiO3 BASED CATALYSTS (1983)

Abstract Photocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2O and its photodecomposition were investigated over SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 based catalysts. It was demonstrated that the yield of NH3 formation increased markedly by the use of RuO2 and NiO doped three component catalysts and that photodecomposition of NH3 was coupled with photodecomposition of H2O.
New design of a multi-jet target for quasi phase matching (2014)

An improved dual-gas quasi-phase matching (QPM) foil target for high harmonic generation (HHG) is presented. The target can be setup with 12 individual gas inlets each feeding multiple nozzles separated by a minimum distance of 10 μm. Three-dimensional gas density profiles of these jets were measured using a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. These measurements reveal how the jets influence the density of gas in adjacent jets and how this leads to increased local gas densities. The analysis shows that the gas profiles of the jets are well defined up to a distance of about 300 μm from the orifice. This target design offers experimental flexibility, not only for HHG/QPM investigations, but also for a wide range of experiments due to the large number of possible jet configurations. We demonstrate the application to controlled phase tuning in the extreme ultraviolet using a 1 kHz-10 mJ-30 fs-laser system where interference between two jets in the spectral range from 17 to 30 nm was observed.
Effect of Various Protein Precipitants on Recoveries of Creatinine Added to Plasma (1957)

Abstract The effect of various types of protein precipitation procedures upon the recovery of creatinine added to blood has been investigated. Complete recoveries of creatinine were obtained with tungstic acid, trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, and cadmium hydroxide types of protein precipitation. Incomplete recoveries were obtained with Ba(OH)2 + ZnSO4 and NaOH + ZnSO4 types of protein precipitation. A comparison was made of the normal values for creatine and creatinine in whole blood and plasma obtained by the picric acid and by the o-nitrobenzaldehyde methods of analysis. The o-nitrobenzaldehyde values were 97, 43, 40, and 80 per cent of the picric acid values for whole-blood creatine, whole-blood creatinine, plasma creatine, and plasma creatinine, respectively.
SCARA Type Robot Arm with Mechanically Adjustable Compliant Joints (2006)

A new SCARA type robot arm with passive compliance for contact or constraint tasks is presented. It utilizes a leaf spring and the joint stiffness can be adjusted by rotating this spring, i.e. changing its bending direction. A joint actuator moves an arm link via a connection hollow cylinder and a leaf spring. This mechanism is compact to add in a joint and it can change the stiffness rapidly and stably. We discuss the relationship between the angle of the leaf spring and the joint stiffness and also analyze the relationship between the joint stiffness and the stiffness at the end-effector. Since 4 joints are necessary to make arbitrary stiffnesses in plane motion, a 4 D.O.F. robot arm with proposed compliant joints was developed and tested.
THE RELATIONS OF BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA TO IONIC PERMEABILITY AND TO METABOLISM IN LARGE PLANT CELLS (1940)

Although often treated as separate chapters of physiology, permeability and metabolism are probably as closely related as many other functions of the cell. It is hardly necessary to mention the entrance and exit of oxygen and carbon dioxide, carbohydrates and urea, and all other raw materials or waste products, to illustrate how permeability must influence metabolism. But there is also a converse relation, in that metabolism may in turn influence permeability. As Hoagland has shown in this Symposium, accumulation of mineral elements in the plant cell or root system depends upon oxidative metabolism. This probably operates by setting up and maintaining driving forces or gradients, whether of proteins, organic acids, or merely hydrogen ion gradients, assumed in various theories to attract, hold or pass on potassium and other accumulating elements. But there is also the possibility that metabolism influences the nature and state of the cell surfaces or membranes across...