gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>The Link between Lymphatic Function and Adipose Biology</i> (2008)

Despite observations of a link between lymphatic vessels and lipids that date as far back as 300, a link between lymphatic vessels and adipose tissue has only recently been recognized. This review will summarize documented evidence that supports a close relationship between lymphatic vessels and adipose tissue biology. Lymphatic vessels mediate lipid absorption and transport, share an intimate spatial association with adipose tissue, and regulate the traffic of immune cells that rely on specialized adipose tissue depots as a reservior of energy deployed to fight infection. Important links between inflammation and adipose tissue biology will also be discussed in this article, as will recent evidence connecting lymphatic vascular dysfunction with the onset of obesity. There seems little doubt that future research in this topical field will ensure that the link between lymphatic vascular function and adipose tissue is firmly established.
Lactobacillus paracasei feeding improves immune control of influenza infection in mice (2017)

Respiratory tract infections such as flu cause severe morbidity and mortality and are among the leading causes of death in children and adults worldwide. Commensal microbiota is critical for orchestrating tissue homeostasis and immunity in the intestine. Probiotics represent an interesting source of immune modulators and several clinical studies have addressed the potential beneficial effects of probiotics against respiratory infections. Therefore, we have investigated the mechanisms of protection conferred by L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 strain in a mouse model of influenza infection. Notably, local myeloid cells accumulation is generated in the lungs after seven days feeding with L. paracasei prior to viral infection. L. paracasei-fed mice showed reduced susceptibility to the influenza infection, associated with less accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, faster viral clearance and general health improvement. Interestingly, Allobaculum was significantly increased in L. paracasei-fed mice 7 days after influenza infection, even if the gut microbiota composition was not altered overall. L. paracasei-purified peptidoglycan partially recapitulated the protective phenotype observed with the entire bacteria. Collectively, our results demonstrate that oral consumption of L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 modulates lung immunity was associated with an improved control of influenza infection. These results further extend the beneficial role for certain lactobacilli to alleviate the burden of respiratory tract infections.
The plant‐growth‐promoting properties of gibberellic acid, a metabolic product of the fungus<i> gibberella fujikuroi</i> (1954)

Abstract Gibberellic acid is a metabolic product of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi , similar in physiological properties to the gibberellins described by Japanese investigators. Supplied in a nutrient solution to wheat plants growing in water culture, it causes increased growth of the shoots, as a result of increased length of stem internodes and leaves. The leaves are narrower and paler than those of untreated plants. Under similar conditions pea seedlings develop much elongated stem internodes, but the leaves are little changed in size. These morphological responses are similar to those seen in etiolation. The total dry weight of both peas and wheat so treated is increased; if shoots alone are considered the increase in dry weight is even greater; the dry weight of roots is reduced, though this does not occur if the gibberellic acid is applied to the shoots in a lanolin paste. The increased dry weight is mainly attributable to increased carbon assimilation. Treated plants contain more soluble carbohydrate than controls, but this accounts only for a small part of the increased carbon assimilation. The increase in glucose content is particularly striking. Gibberellic acid is rapidly biologically degraded in soil.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ROUTE TO (.+‐.)‐TRANS‐CHRYSANTHEMIC ACID (1976)

Abstract Isobuttersäurechlorid (I) reagiert mit Isobutylen (II) in Gegenwart von Zinntetrachlorid zum Keton (III), das zum Carbinol (IV) reduziert und dann durch Behandlung mit Ameisensäure‐orthoester und Säure zum ungesättigten Ester (V) führt.
Impact of marrow cytogenetics and morphology on in vitro hematopoiesis in the myelodysplastic syndromes: comparison between recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte-monocyte CSF (1990)

Marrow cells from 36 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (13 refractory anemia [RA], 14 refractory anemia with excess of blasts [RAEB], 9 RAEB in transformation [RAEB-T]) were evaluated for their in vitro proliferative and differentiative responsiveness to recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte- monocyte CSF (GM-CSF). GM-CSF exerted a stronger proliferative stimulus than G-CSF for marrow myeloid clonal growth (CFU-GM) in these patients (44 v 12 colonies per 10(5) nonadherent buoyant bone marrow cells [NAB], respectively, P less than .025). GM-CSF stimulated increased CFU- GM growth in the 16 patients with abnormal marrow cytogenetics in comparison with the 20 patients who had normal cytogenetics (52 and 30 colonies per 10(5) NAB, respectively, P less than .05), whereas no such difference could be demonstrated with G-CSF (11 and 16 colonies per 10(5) NAB, respectively). In contrast, granulocytic differentiation of marrow cells was induced in liquid culture by G-CSF in 15 of 32 (47% patients), while GM-CSF did so in only 4 of 18 (22%) patients (P less than .025) including, for RAEB/RAEB-T patients: 9 of 18 versus 0 of 9, respectively (P less than .025). For MDS patients with normal cytogenetics, G-CSF- and GM-CSF-induced marrow cell granulocytic differentiation in 12 of 18 (67%) versus 3 of 11 (27%), respectively (P less than .025), contrasted with granulocytic induction in only 3 of 14 (21%) and 1 of 7 (14%) patients with abnormal cytogenetics, respectively. We conclude that G-CSF has greater granulocytic differentiative and less proliferative activity for MDS marrow cells than GM-CSF in vitro, particularly for RAEB/RAEB-T patients and those with normal cytogenetics.
Registration of observational studies: Is it time? (2010)

Observational studies form an important part of the medical evidence base, particularly for assessing rare adverse events and long-term effectiveness of medications and devices. [1][1] However, observational studies, like interventional studies (clinical trials), are subject to publication bias and
Pretreatment of <i>Miscanthus x giganteus</i> Using the Ethanol Organosolv Process for Ethanol Production (2009)

A two-step procedure involving a dilute-acid presoaking step and an aqueous-ethanol organosolv treatment has been evaluated and optimized for the conversion of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG). This process allowed for the efficient fractionation of the raw material into a cellulose-rich residue, an ethanol organosolv lignin fraction, and a water-soluble fraction mainly containing hemicellulose sugars. It was found that the presoaking step not only allowed a better recovery of xylans, but also enhanced the dissolution of lignin in the aqueous ethanol and the digestibility of the remaining cellulose by enzymes. The optimized conditions yielded a solid residue containing about 95% of the initial glucans, from which 98% was recovered after 48 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, 71% of the lignin was recovered as ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL), and the recovery of the xylans was equivalent to 73% of the xylose present in the raw Miscanthus.
Distribution of a major surface‐associated glycoprotein, fibronectin, in cultures of adherent cells (1977)

Fibronectin was present in media and cell layers of cultures of adherent cells from human skin, kidney, lung, chest wall, liver, and heart. Cell-surface fibronectin, visualized by immunofluorescence, was in dense fibrillar (cultures from lung), discrete fibrillar (e.g., cultures from skin), or punctate (some cultures from kidney) structures. The subunit sizes of cell-surface fibronectin and fibronectin soluble in medium appeared identical in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. To explain the polymorphism of cell-surface fibronectin, there must be chemical differences among the fibronectins synthesized by different cell strains or factors in the cell layer which influence fibronectin binding and aggregation.
Latency and policy aware hierarchical partitioning for NFV systems (2015)

This paper explores latency-aware and policy-aware optimized placement of virtual network functions across data centers in NFV systems. A hierarchy of distributed data centers is suggested to support network function software appliances with the flexibility to place functions based on performance requirements in the hierarchy, and different test scenarios for optimal VNF placement are studied. The paper discusses options for distributed function virtualization such as hierarchical partitioning, collapsing, replication, and north/south function splitting, to explore VNF placement options in NFV systems.
Falcon: On-line monitoring for steering parallel programs (1998)

Advances in high performance computing, communications and user interfaces enable developers to construct increasingly interactive high performance applications. The Falcon system presented in this paper supports such interactivity by providing runtime libraries, tools and user interfaces that permit the on-line monitoring and steering of large-scale parallel codes. The principal aspects of Falcon described in this paper are its abstractions and tools for capture and analysis of application-specific program information, performed on-line, with controlled latencies and scalable to parallel machines of substantial size. In addition, Falcon provides support for the on-line graphical display of monitoring information, and it allows programs to be steered during their execution, by human users or algorithmically. This paper presents our basic research motivation, outlines the Falcon system's functionality, and includes a detailed evaluation of its performance characteristics in light of its principal contributions. Falcon's functionality and performance evaluation are driven by our experiences with large-scale parallel applications being developed with end users in physics and in atmospheric sciences. The sample application highlighted in this paper is a molecular dynamics simulation program (MD) used by physicists to study the statistical mechanics of liquids. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Unified Fundamental Equation for the Thermodynamic Properties of H2O (1990)

A new unified equation of state for H2O is presented, which includes the revised and extended scaling equation of Levelt Sengers, Kamgar–Parsi, Balfour and Sengers, is continuous over all single phase states of H2O from triple point pressure and temperature to 1000 MPa (or the melting line) and 1000 °C and provides accurate representation of existing thermodynamic data in that range. In addition it provides a smooth transition from singular critical region functions to the nonsingular far-field functions. This is demonstrated by the variations of isochoric specific heat, isothermal compressibility, speed of sound, specific heat ratio and coexistence line properties in the critical region.
Constructing Client-Server Multi-Player Asynchronous Networked Games Using a Single-Computer Model (1997)

We examine the process of creating asynchronous networked games by applying systematic transformations to their single-computer analogues, identify the need for such transformations, and propose a simple system of rules for them.In developing these rules, our primary concerns are comparing the ow o f e v ents in single-processor and networked games and examining the restrictions and limitations resulting from speed considerations.Although this paper only discusses games, the transformation rules may apply to any n e t worked application with asynchronous data input and exchange.
A Simple Centrifugal Method for Measuring Expressible Moisture, A Water‐Binding Property of Muscle Foods (1981)

ABSTRACT With the development of more refined methods of measuring water‐binding properties of meats, the term “water‐holding capacity” needs to be replaced with more specific and carefully defined terms such as expressible moisture, water‐binding potential, and free drip. An improved method of measuring expressible moisture is described which is simple and reproducible. It basically measures the amount of liquid squeezed out of a protein system with centrifugal force, by measuring the weight gain of a filter paper surrounding the sample. This method seems to be highly sensitive to factors that affect the water‐binding properties of muscle foods.
The ZF Automatic Transmission 9HP48 Transmission System, Design and Mechanical Parts (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the 8HP transmission generation, ZF established a model range on the market offering considerable progress in terms of fuel savings, power-to-weight ratio, and functionality. A front-transverse transmission derived from the 8HP transmission generation gear set concept leads to higher design costs and to an unfavorable design, contradicting the very restricted installation spaces for front-transverse transmissions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the transmission concept of the 9HP48 transmission, the advantages of the 8HP transmission generation were successfully transferred to a front-transverse transmission design and, at the same time, all restrictions regarding the installation space were solved. Thanks to its number of gears the high efficiency and the reduced drag torque, the 9HP48 transmission delivers fuel savings of up to 16 percent compared with today's standard 6-speed automatic transmissions with front-transverse installation.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The publication gives a detailed description of the mechanical design of the 9HP48 transmission. By means of a new gear set concept with 4 planetary gear sets and 6 shift elements, the requirements regarding high efficiency and a large total spread that are important for achieving fuel savings and comfort can be realized at low gear steps. For the first time, two positive locking dog clutch shift elements are applied alongside an axially parallel vane cell pump to reduce the drag torques. In order to achieve compatibility between the transmission's design and the installation spaces of typical front-transverse vehicles, a completely new transmission architecture is used. In addition to the new architecture, the achievement of installation targets is facilitated by two dog clutches, two planetary gear sets nested on top of each other, and multi-disk clutches, as well as a new torque converter design.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, the 9HP48 transmission is designed according to a modular principle. As a result, the basic transmission can be supplemented depending on the requirements and customer wishes. Thus, different starting elements and all-wheel drive applications can also be implemented at optimal cost in the restricted installation space conditions of front-transverse passenger cars.</div></div>
A Survey of Anti-Tamper Technologies (2004)

This article surveys the various anti-tamper (AT) technologies used to protect software. The primary objective of AT tech- niques is to protect critical program information by preventing unauthorized modification and use of software. This protec- tion goal applies to any program that requires protection from unauthorized disclosure or inadvertent transfer of leading- edge technologies and sensitive data or systems. In this article, we review the various approaches to AT techniques, their strengths and weaknesses, their advantages and disadvantages, and briefly discuss a process for developing program protec- tion plans. We also survey the tools that are typically used to circumvent AT protections, and techniques that are commonly used to make these protections more resilient against such attack.
Abnormal thyroid function tests in severe non-thyroidal illness: diagnostic and pathophysiologic aspects (1979)

In vitro thyroid function tests were studied in twenty-three patients with serious non-thyroidal illness. All had reduced protein binding of serum thyroxine (T4) and serum triiodothyronine (T3) as reflected in increased T4 and T3 uptake tests. The mean T4-binding prealbumin (TBPA) capacity and concentration were about one third the normal levels, whereas the decrease in R4-binding globulin (TBG) was much smaller. Increased serum free fatty acids and reverse T3 were frequently observed, but in vitro displacement of thyroid hormones from their binding sites was achieved only with much high concentrations of these compounds. Other still unrecognized substances significantly inhibiting binding of thyroid hormones might, however, occur in sera of severely ill patients. Evidence in favour of this possibility was the disproportionately high serum T4 by TBG-binding assay relative to T4 by radioimmunoassay. In most of the patients the dual-stage free T4 was elevated, whereas the single-stage free T4 index (CT4I) was within the reference interval. However, neither of these indices reflected the moderately increased dialysable free T4 concentration very accurately. The free T3 index was depressed in most of the patients, whereas the dialysable free T3 concentration was not affected. For practical purposes the combination of normal serum T4 and CT4I in a severely ill patient indicates absence of an associated thyrometabolic disorders.
Functional Analysis of Novel <b> <i>Sonic Hedgehog</i> </b> Gene Mutations Identified in Basal Cell Carcinomas from Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients (2004)

Altered sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is crucial in the development of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), the most common human cancer. Mutations in SHH signal transducers, PATCHED and SMOOTHENED, have already been identified, but SHH mutations are extremely rare; only 1 was detected in 74 sporadic BCCs. We present data showing unique SHH mutations in BCCs from repair-deficient, skin cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, which are characterized by high levels of UV-specific mutations in key genes involved in skin carcinogenesis, including PATCHED and SMOOTHENED. Thus, 6 UV-specific SHH mutations were detected in 5 of 33 XP BCCs. These missense SHH alterations are not activating mutations for its postulated proto-oncogene function, as the mutant SHH proteins do not show transforming activity and induce differentiation or stimulate proliferation to the same level as the wild-type protein. Structural modeling studies of the 4 proteins altered at the surface residues, G57S, G64K, D147N, and R155C, show that they do not effect the protein conformation. Interestingly, they are all located on one face of the compact SHH protein suggesting that they may have altered affinity for different partners, which may be important in altering other functions. Additional functional analysis of the SHH mutations found in vivo in XP BCCs will help shed light on the role of SHH in skin carcinogenesis. In conclusion, we report for the first time, significant levels of SHH mutations found only in XP BCCs and none in squamous cell carcinomas, indicating their importance in the specific development of BCCs.
Apprenticeship learning using linear programming (2008)

In apprenticeship learning, the goal is to learn a policy in a Markov decision process that is at least as good as a policy demonstrated by an expert. The difficulty arises in that the MDP's true reward function is assumed to be unknown. We show how to frame apprenticeship learning as a linear programming problem, and show that using an off-the-shelf LP solver to solve this problem results in a substantial improvement in running time over existing methods---up to two orders of magnitude faster in our experiments. Additionally, our approach produces stationary policies, while all existing methods for apprenticeship learning output policies that are "mixed", i.e. randomized combinations of stationary policies. The technique used is general enough to convert any mixed policy to a stationary policy.
Observation of giant magnetoresistance in a Heusler alloy spin valve (1996)

We have observed giant magnetoresistance in spin valves using the PtMnSb Heusler alloy as either one or both of the two ferromagnetic component layers. Up to 0.5% MR has been measured in the CIP geometry in films consisting of (111) epitaxial PtMnSb grown on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ with Cu as a non-magnetic spacer and Co as the remaining ferromagnetic component. Attempts to pin the upper Co layer with the high coercivity ferromagnet Co/sub 80/Pt/sub 20/ helped decouple the magnetic layers but led to increased current shunting lowering the overall MR. We have also grown PtMnSb(111)/CuMnSb(111)/PtMnSb(111)/MnFe spin valves. Such spin valves showed a maximum GMR of 0.05%. We attribute this low value of MR to insufficient decoupling of the PtMnSb layers and possible interlayer mixing between the different Heusler alloys.
The analysis of solutions of per-acids and hydrogen peroxide (1962)

B. D. Sully and P. L. Williams, Analyst, 1962, 87, 653 DOI: 10.1039/AN9628700653
Avaliação da antissepsia cutânea por quatro métodos em doadores de sangue (2009)

A contaminação de hemocomponentes por bactérias presentes na pele do doador de sangue pode levar à infecção pós-transfusional no receptor da transfusão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de quatro produtos antissépticos utilizados na antissepsia da pele do antebraço de doadores de sangue. Avaliamos 363 doadores que foram distribuídos em quatros grupos (A a D) de acordo com o produto utilizado. Grupo A: álcool e tintura de iodo; grupo B: álcool e clorexidine; grupo C: álcool e grupo D: álcool e polivilpirrolidona (PVPI). Foram realizadas culturas de swabs de pele antes e após a aplicação dos produtos e hemocultura do sangue coletado para avaliação da contaminação bacteriana. Observamos que os grupos A (82/94) e D (68/78), bem como a associação dos grupos B (69/91) e C (72/100) foram semelhantes quanto ao nível de redução bacteriana pré e pós-aplicação dos antissépticos. Houve maior redução no número de colônias bacterianas nos grupos A e D quando comparados ao B e C (p<0,001). Apenas uma amostra apresentou positividade na hemocultura. Concluímos que os produtos dos grupos A (álcool e tintura de iodo) e D (álcool e PVPI) apresentaram melhor eficiência na antissepsia de pele em doadores de sangue.
Induction of prostate carcinoma in situ at high incidence in F344 rats by a combination of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and ethinyl estradiol. (1986)

Male F344 rats were given a diet containing 0.75 ppm of ethinyl estradiol for 3 weeks and a basal diet for 2 weeks alternately 10 times, and 2 days after each change to basal diet (on the third day of feeding of the basal diet), a single s.c. injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Then they were given the basal diet until week 60 and sacrificed for histological examination. Prostatic carcinomas were found in 18 of 21 rats (85.7%) after this treatment but in only 1 of 19 rats (5.2%) maintained on normal diet throughout the experiment but given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl at the same times as the diet given to test rats. All the carcinomas were microscopic and developed in the ventral lobe of the prostate. This method may ultimately lead to a useful animal model of prostatic carcinoma.
Hemiprostatectomy for Unilateral Adenomatous Enlargement (1941)

This paper deals exclusively with cases in which obstruc- tion to urinationis due to adenomatous enlargement of one