gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis and biodegradation of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in Coffea arabica L. fruits (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis and biodegradation of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in Coffea arabica L. fruitsTakeo Suzuki and George R. WallerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 4, 845–848Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00124a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00124a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of the bovine tau gene: alternatively spliced transcripts generate a protein family. (1989)

Tau, a major class of microtubule-associated proteins, consists of a family of proteins that are heterogeneous in molecular weight. The presence of internal deletions in previously described cDNA clones for murine and bovine tau suggested that alternative splicing of transcripts could account for the protein size heterogeneity. Analysis of the exon-intron structure of the bovine tau gene provided sequence information necessary to detect new variants of tau transcripts by in vitro amplification techniques. The variant transcripts found corresponded to mRNA species missing one or more exons, which suggested that by skipping various exons during mRNA splicing, a family of proteins is generated. Four major tau protein isoforms isolated from bovine brain were identified by comparison with translation products of cDNA constructs and the use of antisera raised against synthetic peptides. These studies provide reagents and a basis for analyzing potentially altered forms of tau proteins in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The 5′ Untranslated Region of the Major Immediate Early mRNA Is Necessary for Efficient Human Cytomegalovirus Replication (2018)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early 1 (IE1) and IE2 proteins are critical regulators of virus replication. Both proteins are needed to efficiently establish lytic infection, and nascent expression of IE1 and IE2 is critical for reactivation from latency. The regulation of IE1 and IE2 protein expression is thus a central event in the outcome of HCMV infection. Transcription of the primary transcript encoding both IE1 and IE2 is well studied, but relatively little is known about the posttranscriptional mechanisms that control IE1 and IE2 protein synthesis. The mRNA 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) plays an important role in regulating mRNA translation. Therefore, to better understand the control of IE1 and IE2 mRNA translation, we examined the role of the shared 5' UTR of the IE1 and IE2 mRNAs (MIE 5' UTR) in regulating translation. In a cell-free system, the MIE 5' UTR repressed translation, as predicted based on its length and sequence composition. However, in transfected cells we found that the MIE 5' UTR increased the expression of a reporter gene and enhanced its association with polysomes, demonstrating that the MIE 5' UTR has a positive role in translation control. We also found that the MIE 5' UTR was necessary for efficient IE1 and IE2 translation during infection. Replacing the MIE 5' UTR with an unstructured sequence of the same length decreased IE1 and IE2 protein expression despite similar levels of IE1 and IE2 mRNA and reduced the association of the IE1 and IE2 mRNAs with polysomes. The wild-type MIE 5'-UTR sequence was also necessary for efficient HCMV replication. Together these data identify the shared 5' UTR of the IE1 and IE2 mRNAs as an important regulator of HCMV lytic replication.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The HCMV IE1 and IE2 proteins are critical regulators of HCMV replication, both during primary infection and during reactivation from viral latency. Thus, defining factors that regulate IE1 and IE2 expression is important for understanding the molecular events controlling the HCMV replicative cycle. Here we identify a positive role for the MIE 5' UTR in mediating the efficient translation of the IE1 and IE2 mRNAs. This result is an important advance for several reasons. To date, most studies of IE1 and IE2 regulation have focused on defining events that regulate IE1 and IE2 transcription. Our work reveals that in addition to the regulation of transcription, IE1 and IE2 are also regulated at the level of translation. Therefore, this study is important in that it identifies an additional layer of regulation controlling IE1 and IE2 expression and thus HCMV pathogenesis. These translational regulatory events could potentially be targeted by novel antiviral therapeutics that limit IE1 and IE2 mRNA translation and thus inhibit lytic replication or prevent HCMV reactivation.
Identification of hepatic microvascular adhesion‐related genes of human colon cancer cells using random homozygous gene perturbation (2013)

Random homozygous gene perturbation (RHGP), in combination with liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) adhesion screening of clonal colon cancer cells with perturbed genes, was used to identify genes contributing to the hepatic microvascular adhesion of colon cancer cells. Plasmid vector encoding transactivator and gene search vector were transfected into HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cells to create a HT‐29 RHGP cell library; the adhesion of these library cells to primary cultured mouse LSEC significantly decreased in the presence of RSL1 ligand (inducer), indicating that most of the genes contributing to HT‐29 adhesion to LSEC were altered. Next, HT‐29 RHGP cell library fractions with upregulated or silenced LSEC adhesion‐related genes were isolated. Around 160 clones having altered expression in LSEC adhesion‐related genes were obtained, and nine relevant protein‐coding genes were identified. Some were proadhesive genes detected because of their overexpression in adherent HT‐29 cells (DGCR8 and EFEMP1 genes) and their silenced status in nonadherent HT‐29 cells (DGKE, DPY19L1, KIAA0753, PVR and USP11 genes). Others were antiadhesive genes detected because of their overexpression in nonadherent HT‐29 cells (ITPKC gene) and their silenced status in adherent HT‐29 cells (PPP6R2 gene). Silencing of PVR, DGCR8 and EFEMP1 genes decreased adhesion to LSEC and hepatic microvascular retention of HT‐29 cells. The results conclude that RHGP was a valuable strategy for the discovery of mechanisms regulating microvascular adhesion of circulating colon cancer cells before hepatic metastasis formation. Identified genes may contribute to understand the metastatic process of colon cancer and to discovering molecular targets for hepatic metastasis therapeutics.
An active router architecture for multicast video distribution (2002)

Video distribution over the Internet poses many challenges. Due to the best-effort nature of today's public data networks, end system applications cannot rely on either bandwidth or delay guarantees. We designed and implemented a prototype of a multicast video distribution architecture involving knowledgeable active routers, a scalable video codec based on the wavelet transformation, and a high-performance video scaling algorithm implemented as a router plug-in. The plug-in scales the video with an average overhead of only 22 /spl mu/s per video datagram and is installed on-the-fly on the routers after the sender starts transmitting video for the first time. Through experiments on our test network, we show that we can dramatically improve the video quality on the receivers (up to 15 dB PSNR) by scaling the video on the routers to almost any target bandwidth. The target bandwidth is evaluated by the router solely based on monitoring of the load situation of the router's downstream links and can be adjusted within 50 ms.
Implementation of Ubiquitous Personal Study Using Web 2.0 Mash-up and OSS Technologies (2008)

The information resources on the Web are diversified, and the amount is increasing rapidly. Demands for selecting useful information from the Internet, managing personal contents, and sharing contents under control have risen. In this study, we propose the ubiquitous personal study (UPS), a framework of personalized virtual study to support accessing, managing, organizing, sharing and recommending information. In this paper, we focus on discussing the issues on how to implement it with Web 2.0 mash-up technology and open source software.
Gene Expression-Based Detection of Radiation Exposure in Mice after Treatment with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Lipopolysaccharide (2012)

In a large-scale nuclear incident, many thousands of people may be exposed to a wide range of radiation doses. Rapid biological dosimetry will be required on an individualized basis to estimate the exposures and to make treatment decisions. To ameliorate the adverse effects of exposure, victims may be treated with one or more cytokine growth factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which has therapeutic efficacy for treating radiation-induced bone marrow ablation by stimulating granulopoiesis. The existence of infections and the administration of G-CSF each may confound the ability to achieve reliable dosimetry by gene expression analysis. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to determine the extent to which G-CSF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, which simulates infection by gram-negative bacteria) alter the expression of genes that are either radiation-responsive or non-responsive, i.e., show potential for use as endogenous controls. Mice were acutely exposed to (60)Co γ rays at either 0 Gy or 6 Gy. Two hours later the animals were injected with either 0.1 mg/kg of G-CSF or 0.3 mg/kg of LPS. Expression levels of 96 different gene targets were evaluated in peripheral blood after an additional 4 or 24 h using real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicate that the expression levels of some genes are altered by LPS, but altered expression after G-CSF treatment was generally not observed. The expression levels of many genes therefore retain utility for biological dosimetry or as endogenous controls. These data suggest that PCR-based quantitative gene expression analyses may have utility in radiation biodosimetry in humans even in the presence of an infection or after treatment with G-CSF.
Chemical and biological degradation of primary metabolites of atrazine by a Nocardia strain. (1985)

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the final degradative pathways of atrazine (I) by a Nocardia strain through experiments on the degradation of its metabolite, 4-amino-2-chloro-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine (IIa). This compound, in the bacterial medium, was transformed into several products identified as 2-chloro-4, 6-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine (IIe), 4-amino-2-hydroxy-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine (VIII), 4-amino-1, 2-dihydro-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-one (IV) and dicyanodiamidine (VII). The formation of (IIc) was attributed to a microbial N-dealkylation, while the detection of (IV) and (VII) was attributed to a chemical degradation of the intermediate 4-amino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (III). Compound (III) undergoes rapid hydrolysis and does not accumulate in the culture medium. On the basis of the microbial and chemical results, we propose a degradative pathway for atrazine.
Specification of skeletal muscle differentiation by repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST)-regulated K<sub>v</sub>7.4 potassium channels (2012)

Changes in the expression of potassium (K(+)) channels is a pivotal event during skeletal muscle differentiation. In mouse C(2)C(12) cells, similarly to human skeletal muscle cells, myotube formation increased the expression of K(v)7.1, K(v)7.3, and K(v)7.4, the last showing the highest degree of regulation. In C(2)C(12) cells, K(v)7.4 silencing by RNA interference reduced the expression levels of differentiation markers (myogenin, myosin heavy chain, troponinT-1, and Pax3) and impaired myotube formation and multinucleation. In K(v)7.4-silenced cells, the differentiation-promoting effect of the K(v)7 activator N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (retigabine) was abrogated. Expression levels for the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) declined during myotube formation. Transcript levels for K(v)7.4, as well as for myogenin, troponinT-1, and Pax3, were reduced by REST overexpression and enhanced upon REST suppression by RNA interference. Four regions containing potential REST-binding sites in the 5' untranslated region and in the first intron of the K(v)7.4 gene were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that REST binds to these regions, exhibiting a higher efficiency in myoblasts than in myotubes. These data suggest that K(v)7.4 plays a permissive role in skeletal muscle differentiation and highlight REST as a crucial transcriptional regulator for this K(+) channel subunit.
EPA-0733 - Role of social anxiety and impulsivity in the diagnosis of depression (2014)

Mental disorders require a comprehensive and specialized psychiatric and psychological assistance, so it is necessary to evaluate patients' mental state with specialized tools. The usability of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and their correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory to determine the mental state of the patient. The study included 67 patients. The study group had 30 patients treated in open ward of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy GCM SUM throughout 11/2012-03/2013. The control group included 37 patients without mental disorders. Three questionnaires were used: Beck, Barratt and Liebowitz. Analyzed groups had significant differences in terms of Beck Scale (U Mann-Whitney test p=0.000001).) Average score in study group: 22.8+/-12.8 median 22; in control group: 7.51+/-6.7 median 6. Groups had significant differences in terms of Liebowitz Scale (U test Mann- Whitney test, p = 0.0067). Average score in study group: 56.8+/- 29.3 median 57; in control group: 37.2+/-26.2 median 28. Groups had significant differences in terms of Barratt Scale (t-student test p=0.001). Average in study group: 66.7+/-10 median 67; in control group: 59.1+/-8.2 median 58. Significant positive correlation was observed between the results of Beck Scale and Liebowitz Scale (r = 0.602289). The intensity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety is directly proportional to the severity of depression according to Beck. The degree of impulsivity with Barrat scale does not correlate with the level of depression according to Beck scale.
Organ- and Development-Specific Acyl Coenzyme A Lysophosphatidate Acyltransferases in Palm and Meadowfoam (1992)

Of the three acyl coenzyme A acyltransferases (AT) directly involved in the assembly of fatty acids into triacylglycerols (TAG) in maturing seed, lysophosphatidate (LPA) AT has the highest substrate stringence and dictates which fatty acids can be used. We studied LPA-AT in the microsomes from various organs of palm (Syragrus cocoides) and found that only the microsomes from maturing seed could act on 1-lauroyl-LPA and lauroyl-coenzyme A to produce dilauroyl-phosphatidate. Similarly, of the microsomes from various organs of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba), only those from maturing seed were active with 1-erucoyl-LPA and erucoyl-coenzyme A to generate dierucoyl-phosphatidate. During maturation of the seeds of both species, the pattern of appearance of LPA-AT that produced dioleoyl phosphatidate was different from that of LPA-AT that generated dilauroyl or dierucoyl phosphatidate. The results show that in seeds, at least those that contain unusual fatty acids in the storage TAG, LPA-AT for the synthesis of TAG is different from the enzyme(s) for the synthesis of membrane lipids. They also suggest that there may be distinct pathways and/or compartments for the synthesis of TAG and membrane phospholipids.
‘Beduinella massiliensis’, gen. nov., sp. nov. a new genus representing a new family in the phylum Firmicutes, and proposal of Beduinellaceae fam. nov. (2016)

We report here the main characteristics of a new bacterium named 'Beduinella massiliensis' strain Marseille-P2846(T) (CSURP2846P) that was isolated from a faecal specimen of a 50-year-old Saudi Bedouin female and propose the creation of a new family 'Beduinellaceae'.
Low Insertion-Loss, Sharp-Rejection and Compact Microstrip Low-Pass Filters (2006)

Complementary split ring resonators are used to design compact, low insertion loss (IL), low pass filter with sharp cut-off. A prototype filter implementing area is 0.23 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> times0.09lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> , lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> being the guided wavelength at 3-dB cut-off frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) 1.887GHz. Maximum IL is within 0.5dB up to 1.717GHz and 20-dB stopband extends up to 3.4f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub>
Pulmonary stem cells and the induction of tissue regeneration in the treatment of emphysema. (2007)

A common feature of lung disorders with poor treatment options, including emphysema, is a failure to initiate a repair process of the alveolar epithelium. Several putative stem cell niches in the lung thought to be involved in lung homeostasis have been described. Apparently, under pathophysiological conditions these resident progenitor cells are unable to recover damaged alveolar epithelium, in particular in emphysema. The potential therapeutic effect of retinoic acid receptor agonists on various resident lung progenitor cells is reviewed.
A novel microdeletion at 16p11.2 harbors candidate genes for aortic valve development, seizure disorder, and mild mental retardation (2007)

Many multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) are caused by recombination between homologous segmental duplications. In this report, we describe a novel "de novo" microdeletion in male monozygotic twins presenting with aortic valve abnormality, seizure disorder, and mild mental retardation. Using array based comparative genomic hybridization, we mapped the microdeletion to the short arm of chromosome 16 at 16p11.2 and refined it using hemizygosity mapping to about 593 kb, a region that overlaps with 24 genes. The most probable mechanism for this microdeletion is through a specific intrachromosomal recombination between two, nearly identical, segmental duplications each spanning 147 kb that are flanking the microdeletion. Based on the phenotypes presented in the twins and what is known about the genes within the 16p11.2 microdeletion, we identified several genes that are strong candidates for the normal development of the aortic valve, as well as the development of seizure disorder and mental retardation.
Novel technique to pattern silver using CF4 and CF4/O2 glow discharges (2001)

Silver is being studied as a potential metal for future interconnects in integrated circuits. Under appropriate conditions, Ag thin films can be removed at reasonable rates using a CF4 or CF4/O2 glow discharge followed by a conventional resist strip process. This is not a typical “dry-etch” process where the formation of volatile products is the main removal mechanism. Rather, it is novel in that the glow discharge is employed to form reactive byproducts of Ag. There are simultaneous sputtering and desorption of the byproducts during the plasma exposure; but the primary film removal mechanism is in the subsequent resist strip process. Two-level-factorial design, and one-factor-at-a-time experiments are employed to study the effects of process conditions on the etch rate, and postetch surface roughness. It is found that Ag removal rate in CF4 or CF4/O2 glow discharges depends strongly on applied power. Postetch surface roughness depends on both power and pressure.
Cyclic AMP and mitogen‐activated protein kinases are required for glutamate‐dependent cyclic AMP response element binding protein and Elk‐1 phosphorylation in the dorsal striatum <i>in vivo</i> (2001)

Dopaminergic and glutamatergic signalling cascades are integrated in striatal medium spiny neurones by cyclic AMP response-element binding protein and Elk-1 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated cyclic AMP response-element binding protein and phosphorylated Elk-1 contribute to c-fos expression by binding to the calcium and cyclic AMP response-element and the serum response element, respectively, in the c-fos promoter. The role of cyclic AMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling cascades in glutamate-induced cyclic AMP response-element binding protein and Elk-1 phosphorylation and Fos expression was investigated using semiquantitative immunocytochemistry in vivo. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, decreased the glutamate-induced increase in phosphorylated cyclic AMP response-element binding protein, phosphorylated Elk-1, and Fos immunoreactivity. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, PD98059, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580, or the cyclic AMP inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, decreased glutamate-induced phosphorylated cyclic AMP response-element binding protein, phosphorylated Elk-1, and Fos immunoreactivity. Simultaneous infusion of glutamate and Sp-8-Br-cAMPS, a cyclic AMP analogue, augmented induction of Fos immunoreactivity but not phosphorylated cyclic AMP response-element binding protein or phosphorylated Elk-1 immunoreactivity. These data indicate that cyclic AMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling cascades are necessary for glutamate to induce cyclic AMP response-element binding protein and Elk-1 phosphorylation and Fos expression in the striatum. Furthermore, neuronal activity plays an important role in glutamate-induced signalling cascades in vivo.