gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a processor from the ground up to allow voltage/reliability tradeoffs (2010)

Current processor designs have a critical operating point that sets a hard limit on voltage scaling. Any scaling beyond the critical voltage results in exceeding the maximum allowable error rate, i.e., there are more timing errors than can be effectively and gainfully detected or corrected by an error-tolerance mechanism. This limits the effectiveness of voltage scaling as a knob for reliability/power tradeoffs. In this paper, we present power-aware slack redistribution, a novel design-level approach to allow voltage/reliability tradeoffs in processors. Techniques based on power-aware slack redistribution reapportion timing slack of the frequently-occurring, near-critical timing paths of a processor in a power- and area-efficient manner, such that we increase the range of voltages over which the incidence of operational (timing) errors is acceptable. This results in soft architectures — designs that fail gracefully, allowing us to perform reliability/power tradeoffs by reducing voltage up to the point that produces maximum allowable errors for our application. The goal of our optimization is to minimize the voltage at which a soft architecture encounters the maximum allowable error rate, thus maximizing the range over which voltage scaling is possible and minimizing power consumption for a given error rate. Our experiments demonstrate 23% power savings over the baseline design at an error rate of 1%. Observed power reductions are 29%, 29%, 19%, and 20% for error rates of 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% respectively. Benefits are higher in the face of error recovery using Razor. Area overhead of our techniques is up to 2.7%.
Photorespiration: Pathways, Regulation, and Modification (1984)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Dual work function high-k/Metal Gate CMOS FinFETs (2007)

For the first time, a set of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) FinFET devices with two different high-k/metal gate stacks of dual work function has been integrated on the same wafer to overcome the integration complexity. Two completely different metals deposited by atomic layer deposition have been integrated in a process that includes gate stack integration and dual metal gate etch. Excellent short channel characteristics with low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold swing DeltaSS have been observed with fairly symmetric V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Th</sub> .
Autogenous artery grafts in hypertensive (SHR) rats do not have increased smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in the graft neointima, compared with grafts in normotensive rats (1999)

Vein-to-artery graft surgery is used widely to by-pass arterial stenoses, but such grafts can fail over a prolonged period as a result of excessive neointimal hyperplasia causing thrombosis and graft occlusion. It has been suggested that neointimal hyperplasia, in vein grafts, is a result of the vessel wall adapting to the higher intraluminal pressure of the arterial circulation, compared with the venous circulation. Autologous artery grafts have been used to bypass arterial stenoses. Initially it was assumed that donor artery segments would not develop neointimal hyperplasia as they are already adapted to the arterial circulation but this is not so. In this study we postulated that surgical or postsurgical trauma was the cause of neointimal hyperplasia in autologous artery-to-artery grafts. In addition, as artery grafts are pre-adapted to the arterial circulation, autologous artery-to-artery grafts in hypertensive rats should develop similar levels of neointimal hyperplasia as seen in normotensive rats. Artery-to-artery grafts were placed in a series of 20 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In a separate series of sham grafting experiments the effects of anoxia and clamp trauma were assessed in SHR and WKy normotensive control rats. Finally, clamping, anoxia and anastomosis trauma were assessed in a similar series of rats. In the artery-to-artery graft series there was no difference in neointimal thickness between the SHR and that previously reported for normotensive rats. Minimal neointimal hyperplasia was demonstrated in the sham grafted series of rats and only slightly more in the single anastomosis series. It was only in the full grafting procedure that considerable neointimal hyperplasia developed. These data demonstrate that neointimal hyperplasia in artery-to-artery grafts is not exacerbated by the hypertension. In addition, trauma appears to be the initiator of neointimal hyperplasia and the extent of trauma correlates with the degree of neointimal hyperplasia.
Contrast dependence and mechanisms of masking interactions among chromatic and luminance gratings (1988)

The contrast dependence of simultaneous masking has been measured using isochromatic yellow-black luminance sinusoids and isoluminant red-green chrominance gratings. Masking functions for all four combinations of chromatic and luminance masks and tests are reported. In the two same-on-same conditions (luminance mask/luminance test and chromatic mask/chromatic test) these functions (increment threshold contrast versus mask contrast) have the typical dipper shape and are almost identical when test and mask contrasts are normalized to the unmasked contrast thresholds. The contrast dependence of the luminance mask/color test and color mask/luminance test functions are quite different. The luminance mask/color test shows facilitation over a broad range of both subthreshold and suprathreshold contrasts of the luminance mask. In the color mask/luminance test condition facilitation is never observed, but at suprathreshold contrasts a 2-cycle/degree (c/deg) chromatic grating masks a 2-c/deg luminance grating as strongly as does a luminance mask. The luminance mask/chromatic test results are invariant over the 0.25-2-c/deg spatial-frequency range, whereas the robust masking of luminance by color at 2 c/deg diminishes at lower spatial frequencies. The spatial-frequency selectivity of the luminance-facilitates-color interaction is much broader than facilitatory interactions in either the color-color or luminance-luminance conditions. Possible mechanisms of color-luminance interactions are considered. The lack of facilitation in the color mask/luminance test condition precludes a simple pedestal interpretation of this masking interaction. The data are, however, consistent with models that invoke inhibitory or more elaborate excitatory masking interactions.
Cellular distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and procollagen types I, III, and IV transcripts in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. (1990)

The cellular distribution and temporal expression of transcripts from transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and procollagen alpha 1(I), alpha 1(III), and alpha 1(IV) genes were studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat liver fibrosis by using in situ hybridization technique. During the fibrotic process, TGF-beta 1 and procollagen genes were similarly and predominantly expressed in Desmin-positive perisinusoidal cells (e.g., fat-storing cells and myofibroblasts) and fibroblasts and their expression continued to be higher than those observed in control rats. These transcripts were also observed in inflammatory cells mainly granulocytes and macrophage-like cells at the early stages of liver fibrosis. The production of extracellular matrix along small blood vessels and fibrous septa coincided with the expression of these genes. Expression of TGF-beta 1 and procollagen genes were not detected in hepatocytes throughout the experiment. No significant differences in cellular distribution or time course of gene expression among procollagen alpha 1(I), alpha 1(III), and alpha 1(IV) were observed. Desmin-positive perisinusoidal cells and fibroblasts appeared to play the principal role in synthesis of collagens in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. The simultaneous expression of TGF-beta 1 and procollagen genes in mesenchymal cells, including Desmin-positive perisinusoidal cells, during hepatic fibrosis suggests the possibility that TGF-beta 1 may have an important role in the production of fibrosis.
Visuospatial working memory interference with recollections of trauma (2009)

Concurrent tasks matched to the modality of trauma images may provide a useful treatment aid for temporarily dampening emotional responses to recollections of trauma.
Data redundancy and duplicate detection in spatial join processing (2002)

The partition-based spatial-merge join (PBSM) of J.M. Patel and D.J. DeWitt (1996) and the size separation spatial join (S/sup 3/J) of N. Koudas and K.C. Sevcik (1997) are considered to be among the most efficient methods for processing spatial (intersection) joins on two or more spatial relations. Neither method assumes the presence of pre-existing spatial indices on the relations. In this paper, we propose several improvements to these join algorithms. In particular, we deal with the impact of data redundancy and duplicate detection on the performance of these methods. For PBSM, we present a simple and inexpensive online method to detect duplicates in the response set. There is no longer any need to eliminate duplicates in a final sorting phase, as was originally suggested. We also investigate the impact of different internal algorithms on the total run-time of PBSM. For S/sup 3/J, we break with the original design goal and introduce controlled redundancy of data objects. Results of a large set of experiments with real data sets reveal that our suggested modifications to PBSM and S/sup 3/J result in substantial performance improvements, where PBSM is generally superior to S/sup 3/J.
Impact of primer dimers and self-amplifying hairpins on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection of viral RNA (2018)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), coupled with reverse transcription (RT), has become a popular technique for detection of viral RNA due to several desirable characteristics for use in point-of-care or low-resource settings. The large number of primers in LAMP (six per target) leads to an increased likelihood of primer dimer interactions, and the inner primers in particular are prone to formation of stable hairpin structures due to their length (typically 40-45 bases). Although primer dimers and hairpin structures are known features to avoid in nucleic acid amplification techniques, there is little quantitative information in literature regarding the impact of these structures on LAMP or RT-LAMP assays. In this study, we examine the impact of primer dimers and hairpins on previously published primer sets for dengue virus and yellow fever virus. We demonstrate that minor changes to the primers to eliminate amplifiable primer dimers and hairpins improves the performance of the assays when monitored in real time with intercalating dyes, and when monitoring a fluorescent endpoint using the QUASR technique. We also discuss the thermodynamic implications of these minor changes on the overall stability of amplifiable secondary structures, and we present a single thermodynamic parameter that can be correlated to the probability of non-specific amplification associated with LAMP primers.
Eplerenone Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Nonhuman Primates (2005)

Aldosterone may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, on atherosclerosis in monkeys fed a high-cholesterol diet. Monkeys fed a high-cholesterol diet for 9 months were divided into 3 groups: those treated with a low dose of eplerenone (30 mg/kg per day); those treated with a high dose of eplerenone (60 mg/kg per day); and the placebo-treated group. The normal group consisted of monkeys fed a normal diet. There were no significant differences in blood pressure and cholesterol levels between the placebo- and eplerenone-treated groups. On the other hand, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and malondialdehyde-modified LDL were significantly higher in the placebo-treated group than in the normal group, whereas they were suppressed in the eplerenone-treated groups. The ratio of intimal volume to total volume by intravascular ultrasound analysis imaging of the aortas was dose-dependently lower in the eplerenone-treated groups than in the placebo-treated group. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was significantly weaker in the placebo-treated group than in the normal group, but the vasorelaxation was strengthened in the eplerenone-treated groups. A significant upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was observed in the placebo-treated group, but the activity was suppressed in the eplerenone-treated groups. In conclusion, eplerenone may strengthen the endothelium-dependent relaxation and suppress angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the vasculature, thus preventing the development of atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.
Validation of Six Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Estrogen-Induced Mammary Cancer in the Rat and Assessment of Their Relevance to Breast Cancer Risk in Humans (2014)

When treated with 17β-estradiol, female ACI rats (Rattus norvegicus) rapidly develop mammary cancers that share multiple phenotypes with luminal breast cancers. Seven distinct quantitative trait loci that harbor genetic determinants of susceptibility to 17β-estradiol-induced mammary cancer have been mapped in reciprocal intercrosses between susceptible ACI rats and resistant Brown Norway (BN) rats. A panel of unique congenic rat strains has now been generated and characterized to confirm the existence of these quantitative trait loci, designated Emca3 through Emca9, and to quantify their individual effects on susceptibility to 17β-estradiol-induced mammary cancer. Each congenic strain carries BN alleles spanning an individual Emca locus, introgressed onto the ACI genetic background. Data presented herein indicate that BN alleles at Emca3, Emca4, Emca5, Emca6, and Emca9 reduce susceptibility to 17β-estradiol-induced mammary cancer, whereas BN alleles at Emca7 increase susceptibility, thereby confirming the previous interval mapping data. All of these Emca loci are orthologous to regions of the human genome that have been demonstrated in genome-wide association studies to harbor genetic variants that influence breast cancer risk. Moreover, four of the Emca loci are orthologous to loci in humans that have been associated with mammographic breast density, a biomarker of breast cancer risk. This study further establishes the relevance of the ACI and derived congenic rat models of 17β-estradiol-induced mammary cancer for defining the genetic bases of breast cancer susceptibility and elucidating the mechanisms through which 17β-estradiol contributes to breast cancer development.
Research on Construction Scheme and Characteristic Implementation Approach of Promotion Plan of qE-classq in Applied Undergraduate University (2017)

Network moral education is an important part of the overall strategic deployment of Chinese Communist Party and China. "E-Class" provides teachers and students with onestop, multi-functional, extensible and highly integrated of online and offline services, which is one of the key points of moral education in colleges and universities. The effective implementation of promotion program of "E-Class" can make applied undergraduate university transform the parallel management of intersected, striped and discrete traditional moral education and traditional teaching and research to the highly integrated system management of related, systematic and centralized network moral education and teaching, research, management, life, work, entertainment based on network.
High Incidence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Fanconi Anemia (2003)

In patients with FA, there is a high incidence of aggressive HNSCC at a young age. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment because patients with FA tolerate radiation therapy and chemotherapy poorly, with significant morbidity. An increased understanding of FA-associated malignancies is not only important in the clinical management of patients with FA but can also elucidate the role of chromosomal instability in the development of HNSCC in general.
Optimizing Fracture Stimulation in a New Coalbed Methane Reservoir in Wyoming Using Treatment Well Tiltmeters and Integrated Fracture Modeling (2003)

Abstract This paper covers the optimization of hydraulic fracture treatments in a new coalbed methane reservoir in Wyoming. A multi-well pilot project was conducted in the Copper Ridge field to assess future development potential. Hydraulic fracture mapping was successfully performed with treatment well tiltmeters on six wells including the first-ever use on propped treatments. The mapped fracture height was then used to calibrate the fracture model, perform on-site frac design changes and optimize future fracture treatments. This paper shows how early use of fracture diagnostics can assist in the development of a new reservoir.
Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the digestive characteristics of a forage-based diet fed to beef steers. (1996)

A study was conducted to examine the method of delivery of a solution containing cellulases and xylanases on the digestion of a forage-based diet. Five ruminally cannulated beef steers (536 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a control (CON) or one of four enzyme treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. Steers were fed a 70:30 (DM basis) grass hay:barley diet. Enzyme-treated rations contained a solution of fibrolytic enzymes at the rate of 1.65 mL/kg of forage DM. Enzyme application treatments were 1) enzyme to forage 24 h before feeding (F-24), 2) enzyme to forage 0 h before feeding (F-0), 3) enzyme to barley 0 h before feeding (B-0), and 4) enzyme infused ruminally 2 h after feeding (RI). Dry matter and NDF intakes were not different (P > .10) across treatments. Ruminal pH was lower and total VFA concentration at 16 h after-feeding was greater (P < .10) for steers fed enzyme treatments compared with CON. Rate of NDF disappearance was greater (P < .05) for enzyme-treated than for untreated grass substrate. Ruminal infusion of enzymes compared with F-24 and F-0 produced lower disappearance of DM at 8 and 32 h (P < .10), NDF at 32 h (P < .10), and DM and NDF at 96 h (P < .05). Rate of DM disappearance of enzyme-treated grass hay was greater (P < .10) for steers fed B-0 than for those fed F-24 and F-0 and for CON than for F-24 and F-0. Total tract digestibility of DM, NDF, and ADF was greater (P < .10) for F-24 and F-0 than for CON. Forage transit time was shorter (P < .10) for B-0 than for F-24 and F-0; however, all other contrasts for particulate passage did not differ (P > .10). Results from this study indicate that direct application of enzymes to forages is capable of improving forage digestion.
The growth-related 28-kilodalton protein in germinating wheat. Use of peptide mapping to identify cryptic forms in cell-free extracts and protein-synthesizing systems (1983)

Characteristic peptide maps have been prepared and used to identify cryptic forms of the methionine-labeled 28-kilodalton (28-kd) protein (the G protein) which marks onset of growth in germinating wheat embryos. Peptide mapping of material eluted from areas detected as "bands" in autoradiograms of one-dimensional Laemmli-type gels and from areas detected as "spots" in autoradiograms of two-dimensional O'Farrell-type gels has led to identification of a counterpart to G among methionine-labeled products of cell-free synthesis. Identification of its cell-free counterpart has made it possible to show that translatable mRNA for the G protein, like G itself, only begins to appear between 5 and 10 h after onset of water uptake by dry wheat embryos. Peptide mapping of methionine- or proline-labeled material eluted from an area detected as a conspicuous "band" in autoradiograms of one-dimensional Laemmli-type gels has uncovered the existence of an unusual (apparently complexed) form of G in extracts of germinating but not dry wheat embryos. Unique among the hundreds of prominent proteins made by germinating wheat embryos, G exists as part of a thermolabile "150-kd complex" which is refractory to dismutation in a reducing environment containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Presence or absence of the G complex constitutes the only conspicuous difference between SDS–polyacrylamide distributions of newly synthesized proteins derived from unheated as opposed to heated extracts of germinating embryos. Analysis of extracts prepared at different times after onset of water imbibition by dry wheat embryos shows that time course of emergence of the G complex, detected in unheated extracts, and of the G protein, detected in heated extracts, is the same. By fractional electroelution and silver staining of protein, it has been possible to show that G may be the principal if not the only protein component of the G complex.
Suspension plasma spraying for hydroxyapatite powder preparation by RF plasma (1997)

Numerous techniques have been developed to synthesize ceramic powders with improved physical and chemical characteristics. This paper describes a new process called suspension plasma spraying (SPS), based on the use of radio frequency (RF) plasma technology. The objective of SPS is to prepare dense and spherical powders from a suspension of fine (<10 pm) or even ultrafine (<100 nm) powders. The precursor for SPS is a colloidal suspension (or physical gel) which is gas atomized in the plasma. Liquid evaporation, consolidation, and sintering occur during the plasma heat treatment. Results concerning the preparation of a bioceramic (hydroxyapatite, HA) powder from an aqueous suspenslon precursor are reported. Process variables are studied as a function of phase structure morphology and crystallinity of the obtained powder. The plasma power was kept in the range 35-45 kW; the plasma gas was a mixture of Ar/H/sub 2/ or Ar/O/sub 2/. Investigations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were performed on the suspension as well as on the produced powders. Atomized HA particulates are pure, dense, and well spheroidized, with an average particle diameter of 20 /spl mu/m.
Functional test for shifting-type FIFOs (1995)

FIFO memories impose special test problems because of their built-in addressing restrictions and access limitations. With the increasing use of FIFOs, as a stand-alone chip or as embedded macros in ASICs, generic algorithms are needed to test FIFOs. This paper addresses the problem of testing the widely available shifting-type FIFOs; it introduces specific fault models and a set of generic tests which have a test length of O(n) and can be used for the stand-alone chip as well as for the embedded macro version of the FIFO. >