gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Linear Electron Accelerators with Beam Loading (1958)

The optimum design of linear electron accelerators depends upon the degree of beam loading, i.e., the fraction of the radio-frequency power which is converted into beam power. With very light loading, the product of the radio-frequency attenuation constant I, and the accelerator length L should be approximately 1.26 for maximum beam energy in a given length. For heavier loading the product IL must be reduced to produce maximum electron energy and maximum conversion efficiency from radio-frequency power to electron beam power. The attenuation constant I can be chosen by the proper selection of the dimensions of the accelerating structure. Expressions and design curves are given for the optimum values of IL to maximize electron beam energy and electron beam power as a function of beam loading.
Molecular Cloning and Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of a Novel Gene That Is Homologous to <i>cdc37</i> (1995)

A cDNA clone, termed N17, was isolated from a rat fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library by a differential screening technique. The expression of the N17 gene was significantly increased in a variety of rapidly growing cells, including v-src-, v-Ha-ras-, or v-mos-transformed 3Y1 cells, when compared with parental 3Y1 cells. The N17 gene is present as a single copy in rat genome and is evolutionarily conserved among higher eukaryotes. The predicted open reading frame (ORF) encodes a polypeptide of 379 amino acids that exhibits a significant similarity with those of the cell cycle control protein Cdc37. The amount of N17 mRNA starts to be increased in the late G1 phase and the same level was retained until just before the G2/M phase. Taken together, these results suggest that N17 gene product may play a crucial role in the cell cycle control of 3Y1 cells.
Genetic Disruption of Calcineurin Improves Skeletal Muscle Pathology and Cardiac Disease in a Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (2007)

Calcineurin (Cn) is a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates differentiation-specific gene expression in diverse tissues, including the control of fiber-type switching in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have implicated Cn signaling in diminishing skeletal muscle pathogenesis associated with muscle injury or disease-related muscle degeneration. For example, use of the Cn inhibitor cyclosporine A has been shown to delay muscle regeneration following toxin-induced injury and inhibit regeneration in the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In contrast, transgenic expression of an activated mutant of Cn in skeletal muscle was shown to increase utrophin expression and reduce overall disease pathology in mdx mice. Here we examine the effect of altered Cn activation in the context of the delta-sarcoglycan-null (scgd(-/-)) mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. In contrast to results discussed in mdx mice, genetic deletion of a loxP-targeted calcineurin B1 (CnB1) gene using a skeletal muscle-specific cre allele in the scgd(-/-) background substantially reduced skeletal muscle degeneration and histopathology compared with the scgd(-/-) genotype alone. A similar regression in scgd-dependent disease manifestation was also observed in calcineurin Abeta (CnAbeta) gene-targeted mice in both skeletal muscle and heart. Conversely, increased Cn expression using a muscle-specific transgene increased cardiac fibrosis, decreased cardiac ventricular shortening, and increased muscle fiber loss in the quadriceps. Our results suggest that inhibition of Cn may benefit select types of muscular dystrophy.
Effect of chelating ring size in catalytic ketone hydrogenation: facile synthesis of ruthenium(ii) precatalysts containing an N-heterocyclic carbene with a primary amine donor for ketone hydrogenation and a DFT study of mechanisms (2012)

A half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(η(6)-p-cymene)(C-NH(2))Cl]PF(6) (4·PF(6)), containing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with a primary amine donor (C-NH(2)) which chelates through the carbene carbon and the amine nitrogen to form a 6-membered ring was synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from a primary-amine functionalized imidazolium salt 2. Complex 4·PF(6) catalyzed the hydrogenation of ketones using 2-propanol or H(2) as the reductant. A maximum turnover frequency of 1062 h(-1) and a turnover number of 1140 at 5 h were achieved for the transfer hydrogenation of 3'-chloroacetophenone in 2-propanol at 75 °C. A cationic hydride-amine complex 5, [Ru(η(6)-p-cymene)(C-NH(2))H]PF(6), was synthesized, and this reacted very slowly with acetophenone unless first activated by an alkoxide base. Computational studies by DFT methods suggested that the poor reactivity of the hydride-amine complex 5 was attributed to a large barrier for the transfer of its H(+)/H(-) couple to a ketone for bifunctional catalysis. An inner-sphere mechanism, which involves a decoordinated amine group of the C-NH(2) ligand, was computed to be a feasible energetic pathway in comparison to the computed outer-sphere bifunctional mechanism. This explains the catalytic activity and selectivity that is observed for the newly synthesized ruthenium(II) catalysts.
The amplified distillation of methyl esters of fatty acids (1947)

Summary Amplified distillation is a useful technique for the quantitative analysis of mixtures of fatty acid esters, especially for the detection and estimation of minor components and for the analysis of small samples. The amplified distillation of free fatty acids is largely limited to qualitative work on account of the formation of azeotropes with mineral oils.
Primer on electricity futures and other derivatives (1998)

Increased competition in bulk power and retail electricity markets is likely to lower electricity prices, but will also result in greater price volatility as the industry moves away from administratively determined, cost-based rates and encourages market-driven prices. Price volatility introduces new risks for generators, consumers, and marketers. Electricity futures and other derivatives can help each of these market participants manage, or hedge, price risks in a competitive electricity market. Futures contracts are legally binding and negotiable contracts that call for the future delivery of a commodity. In most cases, physical delivery does not take place, and the futures contract is closed by buying or selling a futures contract on or near the delivery date. Other electric rate derivatives include options, price swaps, basis swaps, and forward contracts. This report is intended as a primer for public utility commissioners and their staff on futures and other financial instruments used to manage price risks. The report also explores some of the difficult choices facing regulators as they attempt to develop policies in this area.
f_K/f_pi ratio from QCD sum rules (1997)

Using the correlation function of the axial vector mesons, we present a QCD sum rule calculation for the decay constants f_pi and f_K. Our calculations are only weakly dependent on the SU(3) breaking-parameter for the QCD vacuum and give the ratio f_K/f_pi = 1.11 $\pm$ 0.02.
A 4.2 mW 50 MS/s 13 bit CMOS SAR ADC With SNR and SFDR Enhancement Techniques (2015)

This paper presents a SAR ADC with 71 dB SNDR and 85 dB SFDR at 50 MS/s while keeping low power consumption of 4.2 mW. To achieve high resolution without large increase of power, several SNR and SFDR enhancement techniques are proposed. Firstly, the ADC repeats comparison of LSB by using redundant DAC to average comparator noise and improve SNR. The technique also corrects settling error adaptively, which extends operation speed to 50 MHz even though extra comparison period is added for averaging. Secondly, simple filtering method for reducing DAC noise is introduced to achieve further improvement of SNR. Finally, new dithering method is proposed to enhance SFDR. Injecting noise-shaped, multi-valued and uniform-distributed dither to input of the ADC, spurs caused by capacitance mismatches of DAC can be suppressed more effectively compared with conventional dithering. These techniques can be realized by simple circuits in addition to a basic SAR ADC configuration and do not need high power consumption. The chip is fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process and occupies 0.1 mm 2 including all correction logic. The ADC achieved a peak figure of merit (FoM) of 168.7 dB.
Ultra-Thin Film of Chitosan and Sulfated Chitosan Coating on Titanium Oxide by Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Method (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Beyond Pegylated Interferon-Alpha: New Treatments for Hepatitis Delta (2019)

Persistent coinfection with the hepatitis B/D viruses (HDV) represents the most severe form of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis D often leads to liver cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current treatment options are limited as only pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFNa) has efficacy against HDV. However, treatment response is still unsatisfactory with 25-40% HDV RNA suppression after 1-2 years. In addition, late HDV RNA relapses have been described during long-term follow-up. Fortunately, new treatment options for patients with chronic hepatitis delta are now on the horizon. The hepatocyte entry inhibitor bulevirtide (formerly myrcludex B) and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib are currently explored in patients with chronic hepatitis delta in Phase 3 clinical studies. The nucleic acid inhibitor REP-2139-Ca and PEG-IFN-lambda are studied in Phase 2 trials. We here summarize data on the efficacy of these new antiviral drugs and the existing safety data on the treatment of HDV infection.
Design and testing of a novel linear alternator and engine system for remote electrical power generation (1999)

This paper examines the design and operation of a novel generation system that utilizes a linear, crankless, internal combustion engine in conjunction with a linear alternator. This system directly utilizes the linear motion of the piston to drive the alternator rather than first converting to rotary motion. The result is a more efficient, compact and reliable unit as the system has only one moving part. This makes the system ideal for remote power generation. This paper describes the overall system design as well as the subsystems including the engine and the alternator. A dynamic simulation is then presented which utilizes the developed model to determine the output voltage of the system. The prototype system was successfully tested and experiment results are also included.
Antigen presentation by interferon-gamma-treated endothelial cells and fibroblasts: differential ability to function as antigen-presenting cells despite comparable Ia expression. (1985)

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on endothelial cell (EC) and fibroblast (FB) class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene product expression and antigen presenting ability was examined. Control FB did not express class II MHC gene products, whereas a small (less than 1%) population of passaged EC expressed class II gene products. IFN-gamma induced a comparable density of HLA-DR expression on nearly all EC and FB. IFN-gamma-treated EC and FB also expressed HLA-DP but at a lower density, whereas HLA-DQ expression was barely detectable on either cell type. Control FB were not able to stimulate allogeneic T4 cell DNA synthesis or function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Control EC were also unable to stimulate allogeneic T4 cell DNA synthesis unless large numbers of stimulator cells were used. Small numbers of IFN-gamma-treated EC were able to stimulate allogeneic T4 cell DNA synthesis, whereas larger numbers were markedly more effective than control EC. In contrast, IFN-gamma-treated FB were ineffective stimulators of allogeneic T4 cell DNA synthesis. IFN-gamma-treated FB were able to present the exogenous antigen SKSD to autologous but not allogeneic T4 cells, but they were extremely inefficient APC. The inability of IFN-gamma-treated FB to function as APC could not be explained by FB-mediated immunosuppression, Ia density, or HLA-DQ expression. This limited capacity of IFN-gamma-treated FB to participate in Ia-restricted functional interactions with T4 cells correlated with a similar diminished capacity to support nonspecific mitogen-induced proliferation of T4 cells before IFN-gamma-induced Ia expression. This accessory cell function was not enhanced by IFN-gamma treatment. Monocytes syngeneic to the responding T4 cells but not interleukin 1 (IL 1) permitted IFN-gamma-treated FB but not control FB to stimulate allogeneic T4 cell DNA synthesis, but they remained markedly less effective stimulators than monocytes. Moreover, IFN-gamma-treated FB were effective stimulators of alloprimed T4 cells, in contrast to their inability to stimulate fresh T4 cells. Furthermore, monocytes and IFN-gamma-treated FB were comparably effective stimulators of alloreactive T cell lines. These data suggest that accessory cells perform functions unrelated to Ia and IL 1 that are necessary for mitogen-, alloantigen-, and antigen-induced proliferation of freshly isolated T cells. Monocytes and EC effectively perform this function, but FB do not. This accessory cell function does not seem to be as important for the activation of primed T cells.
Activity recognition using accelerometer sensor and machine learning classifiers (2018)

Activity recognition is considered as an important task in many applications, particularly in healthcare services. Among these applications include medical diagnostic, monitoring of users' daily routine and detection of abnormal cases. This paper presents an approach for the activity recognition using an accelerometer sensor embedded in a smartphone. This approach uses a publicly available accelerometer dataset as the raw input signal. The features of the signal are selected based on the time and frequency domain. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of the features and extract the most significant ones that can classify human activities. A comparison process is performed between the original raw data and PCA-based features and additionally, time and frequency-domain features are also compared using several machine learning classifiers. The obtained results show that the PCA-based features obtain higher recognition rate while frequency-domain features have higher accuracy, with the rate of 96.11% and 92.10% respectively.
Quantitative review of the efficacy of slow-frequency magnetic brain stimulation in major depressive disorder (2010)

The findings suggest that slow-frequency rTMS to the frontal cortex is more effective than sham treatment and may be equally effective as fast-frequency rTMS in the treatment of MDD.
Dipyrimidine-based inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (2003)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywordsantiHIVantiviraldrug discoveryintegrasesmall-molecule inhibitor
American Academy of Arts and Sciences: Committee on School Science and the New England School Science Council 1947-1950 (1950)

R. B. Lindsay, American Academy of Arts and Sciences: Committee on School Science and the New England School Science Council 1947-1950, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Dec., 1950), pp. 2-7
New Approaches to Implementing the SmartJacket into Industry 4.0 ‡ (2019)

The paper discusses the possibilities of incorporating sensors and indicators into the environment of an Industry 4.0 digital factory. The concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is characterized via a brief description of the RAMI 4.0 and I4.0 component model. In this context, the article outlines the structure of an I4.0 production component, interpreting such an item as a body integrating the asset and its electronic form, namely, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS). The formation of the AAS sub-models from the perspectives of identification, communication, configuration, safety, and condition monitoring is also described to complete the main analysis. Importantly, the authors utilize concrete use cases to demonstrate the roles of the given I4.0 component model and relevant SW technologies in creating the AAS. In this context, the use cases embody applications where an operator wearing a SmartJacket equipped with sensors and indicators ensures systematic data collection by passing through the manufacturing process. The set of collected information then enables the operator and the system server to monitor and intervene in the production cycle. The advantages and disadvantages of the individual scenarios are summarized to support relevant analysis of the entire problem.
How much is catheter flow influenced by the use of closed luer lock access devices? (2007)

In conclusion, the Tego and Codan connector show promising results for the use on a catheter hub during and in between dialysis sessions. Whether those resistances are in the safe range without the incidence of blood hemolysis will soon be investigated in an in vivo study.
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Furanose Sugar Nucleotides for Use as Enzymatic Probes (2013)

The sugar nucleotides UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactofuranose (UDP-GalfNAc) and UDP-2-azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactofuranose (UDP-GalfN3) have been synthesized in preparative scale for the first time. These compounds are useful probes for studying the biosynthesis of glycans containing galactofuranose and/or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactofuranose residues.
Microwave Photonic Technique for Frequency Measurement of Simultaneous Signals (2009)

A novel microwave photonic frequency measurement (MPFM) receiver is reported. The technique directly maps the frequency information of the incoming simultaneous signals to a distinct set of relative time delays utilizing a dispersive medium. The measurement of the observed time delay directly equates to the value of the input signal frequency. The operation of the MPFM receiver concept is successfully verified for two simultaneous signals at 20 and 40 GHz, demonstrating a potential capability for use in a spectrally cluttered environment.
Live influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) virus vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and protection against wild-type virus challenge (1982)

Four live influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) recombinant virus vaccines were administered intranasally to a total of 50 volunteers who had little or no detectable serum neutralizing antibody. A recombinant with ts-1[E] having a 38 degrees C shut-off temperature caused febrile reactions or systemic reactions or both in 21% of the volunteers, but one with ts-1A2 having a 37 degrees C shut-off temperature caused no illness. Two recombinants prepared with cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 caused 9% febrile reactions or systemic reactions or both. Virus shedding occurred in a minority of the 50 volunteers, but 90% developed a serum neutralizing antibody response. Wild-type A/Victoria/75 virus challenge of 34 of the vaccinated volunteers and 12 others who had had prior natural A/Victoria/75 virus infection revealed similar and significant protection when compared with the 96% infection and 68% febrile illness or systemic illness or both observed in 25 unvaccinated volunteers with little or no serum antibody. These results encourage continued efforts toward development of live influenza virus vaccines.
Logic Synthesis for Engineering Change (1995)

In the process of VLSI design, specifications are often changed. It is desirable that such changes will not lead to a very different design so that a large part of engineering effort can be preserved. We consider synthesis algorithms for handling such engineering changes. Given a synthesized network, our algorithm modifies it minimally to realize a new specification.
Silver(I)−Imidazole Cyclophane <i>gem</i>-Diol Complexes Encapsulated by Electrospun Tecophilic Nanofibers:  Formation of Nanosilver Particles and Antimicrobial Activity (2005)

Silver(I)-imidazole cyclophane gem-diol complex, 3 [Ag2C36 N10(O)4](2+)2(x)-, where x = OH- or CO3(2-), was synthesized and well characterized. The minimum inhibition concentration tests showed that the aqueous form of 3 is 2 times less effective as an antibiotic than 0.5% AgNO3, with about the same amount of silver. The antimicrobial activity of 3 was enhanced when encapsulated into Tecophilic polymer by electrospinning to obtain mats made of nano-fibers. The fiber mats released nanosilver particles, which in turn sustained the antimicrobial activity of the mats over a long period of time. The rate of bactericidal activity of 3 was greatly improved by encapsulation, and the amount of silver used was much reduced. The amount of silver contained in the fiber mat of 3, with 75% of 3 and 25% Tecophilic, was 8 times less than that in 0.5% AgNO3 and 5 times lower than that in silver sulfadiazine cream 1%. The fiber mat was found to kill S. aureus at the same rate as 0.5% AgNO3, with zero colonies on an agar plate, and about 6 times faster than silver sulfadiazine cream. The silver mats were found effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C. albicans, A. niger, and S. cerevisiae. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the fiber mats. The acute toxicity of the ligand (imidazolium cyclophane gem-diol dichloride) was assessed by intravenous administration to rats, with an LD 50 of 100 mg/kg of rat.
A blind space-time adaptive multiuser detector for DS-CDMA communication systems (2002)

A novel blind space-time algorithm for multiuser detection with interference rejection in DS-CDMA cellular communication systems is presented. Beamforming and equalization are performed simultaneously where complex weights are adaptively determined by a hybrid combination of the constant modulus algorithm and the decision-directed algorithm. The adaptive scheme converges approximately after 100 iteration steps when the input SNR is 10 dB. The performance of the proposed approach is as good as the least mean square approach using training sequences. A 20 dB enhancement of SINR is obtained when the maximum difference of the received signal power is up to 6 dB.
Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of limonene 1,2‐oxide and α‐pinene oxide (2012)

Abstract Limonene 1,2‐oxide (LMO) and α‐pinene oxide (α‐PO) are two high reactivity biorenewable monomers that undergo facile photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations using both diaryliodonium salt and triarylsufonium salt photoinitiators. Comparative studies showed that α‐PO is more reactive than LMO, and this is because it undergoes a simultaneous double ring‐opening reaction involving both the epoxide group and the cyclobutane ring. It was also observed that α‐PO also undergoes more undesirable side reactions than LMO. The greatest utility of these two monomers is projected to be as reactive diluents in crosslinking photocopolymerizations with multifunctional epoxide and oxetane monomers. Prototype copolymerization studies with several difunctional monomers showed that LMO and α‐PO were effective in increasing the reaction rates and shortening the induction periods of photopolymerizations of these monomers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013