gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison of RAKE and hypothesis feedback direct sequence spread spectrum techniques for underwater communication applications (2003)

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques for low probability of intercept (LPI) and multi-user communications applications for underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Two promising receivers, a RAKE based receiver and a hypothesis-feedback equalization based architecture are presented. The performance of the proposed receiver structures are compared based on simulations and also actual field test data.
Technology beats algorithms (in exact string matching) (2017)

Summary More than 120 algorithms have been developed for exact string matching within the last 40 years. We show by experiments that the naïve algorithm exploiting SIMD instructions of modern CPUs (with symbols compared in a special order) is the fastest one for patterns of length up to about 50 symbols and extremely good for longer patterns and small alphabets. The algorithm compares 16 or 32 characters in parallel by applying SSE2 or AVX2 instructions, respectively. Moreover, it uses loop peeling to further speed up the searching phase. We tried several orders for comparisons of pattern symbols, and the increasing order of their probabilities in the text was the best.
User Error Handling Strategies on a Non Visual Multimodal Interface: Preliminary Results from an Exploratory Study (2005)

The present study addresses two questions: On a non-visual multimodal interface for textual information browsing, (1) how prevalent is input modality switching as an error handling strategy, and (2) how much does an input modality need to fail before input modality switching occurs. The results indicate that although switching input modalities to correct errors is an expected practice on multimodal GUIs, it is not the prevalent strategy for non-visual multimodal interfaces. We believe that users are more likely to diversify their error handling strategies within a modality, if different strategies are possible, but we have not found conclusive evidence for this belief. However, our analysis suggests that the failure to switch modalities when errors occur may, in part, be due to the prevalence of alternative error handling strategies in a particular input modality, that is, the user prefers to stay in the same modality rather than assume the cognitive load of a switch.
Liposomes from soya phospholipids as percutaneous drug carriers. 2nd communication: quantitative in vivo investigations with radioactively labelled liposomes. (1990)

The percutaneous absorption of liposomes (prepared from NAT 106) was investigated with radioactively labelled substances in comparison with percutaneous absorption without liposomes (controls) in vivo on the skin of young pigs. Radioactivity was monitored as a function of time in skin tissue, plasma or blood and in urine. Elevated tissue levels, increased absorption and renal elimination of the various liposomal preparations in comparison to the controls were measured.
Therapeutic potential of neuronal two-pore domain potassium-channel modulators. (2007)

Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are expressed in cells throughout the body and give rise to leak potassium currents which control the excitability of these cells. Although not inhibited by classical potassium channel-blocking drugs, such as tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, K2P channels are regulated by a diverse array of pharmacological mediators. There are six main families of K2P channels and among these certain members of the TREK family (ie, TREK-1 and TREK-2) are activated by general anesthetic agents such as halothane, xenon and nitrous oxide. In addition, all members of the TREK familyare activated by neuroprotective agents, such as riluzole, polyunsaturated fatty acids and lysophospholipids, suggesting that these channels play an important role in neuroprotection. TREK channels are also inhibited by chlorpromazine, local anesthetics and the antidepressant fluoxetine. Furthermore, all members of the TASK family are inhibited by cannabinoids and local anesthetics, and TASK-3 is selectively inhibited by ruthenium red. Thus, the diversity and physiological importance of K2P channels suggest that the development of selective compounds to target these proteins has therapeutic potential for CNS disorders such as stroke, depression and epilepsy.
Review of Nanocomposite Thin Films and Coatings Deposited by PVD and CVD Technology (2011)

Commonly it is assumed that the nanocrystalline materials are composed of elements like grains, crystallites, layers, e.g., of a size of ca. 100 nm. (more typically less than 50 nm; often less than 10 nm – in the case of superhard nanocomposite, materials for optoelectronic applications, etc.) at least in one direction. The definition give above limits the size of the structure elements, however it has to be seen only as a theoretical value and doesn’t have any physical importance. Thin films and coatings are applied to structural bulk materials in order to improve the desired properties of the surface, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness, friction or required colour, e.g., golden, black or a polished brass-like. The research issues concerning the production of coatings are one of the more important directions of surface engineering development, ensuring the obtainment of coatings of high utility properties in the scope of mechanical characteristics and wear resistance. Giving new utility characteristics to commonly known materials is frequently obtained by laying simple monolayer, multilayer or gradient coatings using PVD methods (Dobrzanski et al., 2005; Lukaszkowicz & Dobrzanski, 2008). While selecting the coating material, we encounter a barrier caused by the fact that numerous properties expected from an ideal coating are impossible to be obtained simultaneously. The application of the nanostructure coatings is seen as the solution of this issue. Nanostructure and particularly nanocomposite coatings deposited by physical vapour deposition or chemical vapour deposition, have gained considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, e.g. extremely high indentation hardness (40-80 GPa) (Veprek et al., 2006, 2000; Zou et al., 2010), corrosion resistance (Audronis et al., 2008; Lukaszkowicz et al., 2010), excellent high temperature oxidization resistance (Vaz et al., 2000; Voevodin & Zabinski, 2005), as well high abrasion and erosion resistance (Cheng et al., 2010; Polychronopoulou et al., 2009; Veprek & Veprek-Heijman, 2008). In the present work, the emphasis is put on current practices and future trends for nanocomposite thin films and coatings deposited by physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques. This review will not be so exhaustive as to cover all aspects of such coatings, but the main objective is to give a general sense of what has so far been accomplished and where the field is going.
Free Cash Flow and R&D (1995)

This study analyzes the free cash flow problem (Jensen 1986) for internal investments specifically research and development. Hypothetically accounting data will provide monitoring information about the free cash flow agency problem and the extent of the alignment of investor and management interests. In order to do the analysis this study develops a research framework based on work of Modigliani and Miller (1955) and Lang and Litzenberger (1989). In this model market value is derived from cash flows which originate from assets-in-place (earnings information) and growth options (R&D information). Empirical evidence supports this model of firm value. To analyze the management-investor agency issue a research design defines an interaction of a firm's free cash flow with R&D expense in the context of the firm valuation model and examines the interaction effect on stock market returns. There is a significant (.05 level) negative investor reaction to the interaction of R&D expenditure and free cash flow.
Polycyclic heterocycles with acidic N-H group VII. Synthesis of some polynuclear heterocyclic compounds derived from 5-phenyl-6-azauracile (2006)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Generation and Usage of Virtual Data for the Development of Perception Algorithms Using Vision (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Camera data generated in a 3D virtual environment has been used to train object detection and identification algorithms. 40 common US road traffic signs were used as the objects of interest during the investigation of these methods. Traffic signs were placed randomly alongside the road in front of a camera in a virtual driving environment, after the camera itself was randomly placed along the road at an appropriate height for a camera located on a vehicle’s rear view mirror. In order to best represent the real world, effects such as shadows, occlusions, washout/fade, skew, rotations, reflections, fog, rain, snow and varied illumination were randomly included in the generated data. Images were generated at a rate of approximately one thousand per minute, and the image data was automatically annotated with the true location of each sign within each image, to facilitate supervised learning as well as testing of the trained algorithms. A deep convolutional neural network was built using 8 hidden layers, 1.5 million free parameters, and 250,000 neurons, with unique configurations optimal for traffic sign classification. This network was then trained using the above mentioned dataset. A high cross-validation accuracy of 98% with stable k-fold validation energy was achieved. This network, trained using virtual images, was then tested on real-world images with promising results, and the network was able to consistently classify signs that appear much smaller and farther away than those in the images it was trained on. The algorithm also attempted to classify signs for which it had not been trained, and predictably classified such signs using the most similar label.</div></div>
Studies in biochemistry--steroid synthesis, P-450 enzymology and renal lithogenesis (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1994.
<title>Stereoscopic display employing head-position tracking using large format lenses</title> (1993)

Two stereoscopic systems are described which permits the observation of a high resolution image by several persons simultaneously and suited to mass production. One is a time- parallel method and another is a time-interlaced method. In the time-parallel stereoscopic display system, by mechanically driving several video projectors according to the observers' eye position, the images projected on a large format convex lenses are varied, the left image rays continuously entering the observers' left eyes and vice versa. In the time-interlaced stereoscopic display system, the image output screen is formed by a transparent type color liquid crystal plate with a large format lens. The lens is arranged so that an image of viewers is projected to the plane of a black-and-white CRT which is positioned behind as a back light of the system. To view the stereo image on the color liquid crystal plate, the alternating left- and right-eye perspectives must be synchronized with an infrared lightening system and the imaging of the viewers on the CRT that the back light distributes the light to the left eyes when the left-eye view is displayed on the color liquid crystal plate and vice versa.
Serological studies of the root-nodule bacteria. III. Tests of neighbouring strains of the same species (1942)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of the Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor 5‐Bromo‐1<i>H</i>‐indole‐3‐acetohydroxamic Acid (2008)

The lead compound 5-bromoindolyl-3-acetohydroxamic acid (10) was recently identified as a potent inhibitor of bacterial peptide deformylases (PDFs). The synthesis and associated activities of new variants were investigated at position 5 to optimize the fit at the S1' subsite and at position 1 to improve both potency and antibacterial activity. A morphomimetic series, termed "reverse-indole" was synthesized. The indole derivatives remain selective in vitro inhibitors of PDF2 over PDF1. Bromide is the best group at position 5 and cannot be replaced by bulkier substituents. In this series, an N-benzyl group at position 1 in 19 e improves the potency relative to 10. In the case of PDF1, and unlike PDF2, potency is increased as the alkyl chain becomes longer and more ramified. These data support the results of NMR footprinting experiments that were performed with (15)N-labeled Ni-PDF and the corresponding 3-acetic acid derivatives. Most of the compounds have antibacterial activities toward B. subtilis, but are inefficient toward E. coli owing to active removal by the major efflux pumps. Among the reverse-indole derivatives, 23 c, which is the exact mirror image of 19 e, shows strong potency in vitro against PDF2, but little against PDF1, although this compound displays significant antibacterial activity toward an efflux-minus mutant of E. coli. All the compounds were assessed with major pathogenic bacteria, but most of them are inefficient antibacterial agents. The reverse-indole compounds 23 a and 23 c have potency against S. pneumoniae that is similar to that of actinonin.
StackMap: low-latency networking with the OS stack and dedicated NICs (2016)

StackMap leverages the best aspects of kernel-bypass networking into a new low-latency Linux network service based on the full-featured TCP kernel implementation, by dedicating network interfaces to applications and offering an extended version of the netmap API as a zero-copy, low-overhead data path while retaining the socket API for the control path. For small-message, transactional workloads, StackMap outperforms baseline Linux by 4 to 80% in latency and 4 to 391% in throughput. It also achieves comparable performance with Seastar, a highly-optimized user-level TCP/IP stack for DPDK.
Window on a Microworld: Simple Microfluidic Systems for Studying Microbial Transport in Porous Media (2010)

Microbial growth and transport in porous media have important implications for the quality of groundwater and surface water, the recycling of nutrients in the environment, as well as directly for the transmission of pathogens to drinking water supplies. Natural porous media is composed of an intricate physical topology, varied surface chemistries, dynamic gradients of nutrients and electron acceptors, and a patchy distribution of microbes. These features vary substantially over a length scale of microns, making the results of macro-scale investigations of microbial transport difficult to interpret, and the validation of mechanistic models challenging. Here we demonstrate how simple microfluidic devices can be used to visualize microbial interactions with micro-structured habitats, to identify key processes influencing the observed phenomena, and to systematically validate predictive models. Simple, easy-to-use flow cells were constructed out of the transparent, biocompatible and oxygen-permeable material poly(dimethyl siloxane). Standard methods of photolithography were used to make micro-structured masters, and replica molding was used to cast micro-structured flow cells from the masters. The physical design of the flow cell chamber is adaptable to the experimental requirements: microchannels can vary from simple linear connections to complex topologies with feature sizes as small as 2 microm. Our modular EcoChip flow cell array features dozens of identical chambers and flow control by a gravity-driven flow module. We demonstrate that through use of EcoChip devices, physical structures and pressure heads can be held constant or varied systematically while the influence of surface chemistry, fluid properties, or the characteristics of the microbial population is investigated. Through transport experiments using a non-pathogenic, green fluorescent protein-expressing Vibrio bacterial strain, we illustrate the importance of habitat structure, flow conditions, and inoculums size on fundamental transport phenomena, and with real-time particle-scale observations, demonstrate that microfluidics offer a compelling view of a hidden world.
Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by T7 Bacteriophages Producing Quorum-Quenching Enzymes (2014)

Bacterial growth in biofilms is the major cause of recalcitrant biofouling in industrial processes and of persistent infections in clinical settings. The use of bacteriophage treatment to lyse bacteria in biofilms has attracted growing interest. In particular, many natural or engineered phages produce depolymerases to degrade polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix and allow access to host bacteria. However, the phage-produced depolymerases are highly specific for only the host-derived polysaccharides and may have limited effects on natural multispecies biofilms. In this study, an engineered T7 bacteriophage was constructed to encode a lactonase enzyme with broad-range activity for quenching of quorum sensing, a form of bacterial cell-cell communication via small chemical molecules (acyl homoserine lactones [AHLs]) that is necessary for biofilm formation. Our results demonstrated that the engineered T7 phage expressed the AiiA lactonase to effectively degrade AHLs from many bacteria. Addition of the engineered T7 phage to mixed-species biofilms containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli resulted in inhibition of biofilm formation. Such quorum-quenching phages that can lyse host bacteria and express quorum-quenching enzymes to affect diverse bacteria in biofilm communities may become novel antifouling and antibiofilm agents in industrial and clinical settings.
Carbaporphyrinoid Chemistry Has a Silver Lining! Silver(III) Oxybenzi-, Oxynaphthi-, Tropi-, and Benzocarbaporphyrins (2004)

[structure: see text] Carbaporphyrinoid systems with semiquinone, cycloheptatriene, or indene subunits react under mild conditions with silver(I) acetate to give stable silver(III) organometallic derivatives.
Goodpasture syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. (2001)

Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and autoantibodies to the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. The cause is unknown, and if untreated, Goodpasture syndrome usually is fatal. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy can decrease disease progression and increase chances of survival. Treatment modalities remain controversial and vary among practitioners.
Successful engraftment of cultured autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a surgically repaired soft palate defect in an adult horse. (2006)

The objective of this study was to graft autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the site of surgical repair of a soft palate defect in an adult horse in an attempt to improve wound healing and to investigate whether the transplanted MSCs would integrate into the soft palate structure and participate in regeneration. Bone marrow was collected from an adult horse with a full-thickness soft palate defect. The MSCs were isolated, cultured in monolayers, and labeled with 5-bromo-2-desoxymidine (BrdU) and chloromethylbenzamido-DiI-derived (cm-DiI) before transplantation. The soft palate defect was repaired by mandibular symphysiotomy, and the labeled MSCs were injected into the repaired soft palate. Postmortem examination revealed that 90% of the soft palate defect had been sutured. Staining by BrdU and cm-DiI was intense in the soft palate tissue. Labeled MSCs were detected in tissue slices from the injection sites. The cells were organized in a manner similar to that in native soft palate tissue, indicating successful engraftment.
Comparison of Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment and Oral Nifedipine in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure (2006)

This study was designed to compare the effect of topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and oral nifedipine treatments on maximal anal resting pressure (MARP) and subsequently to assess their effectiveness in healing of chronic anal fissure (CAF). Patients were allocated randomly to receive either oral nifedipine retard (10 patients) 20 mg twice daily or instructed to apply glyceryl trinitrate (0.2 percent) ointment (10 patients) into the lower half of the anal canal twice daily. They were reviewed and assessed at the first visit and every fortnight for measurement of MARP, pain scores, blood pressure, pulse rate, healing of the fissure and adverse effects. Treatment were continued until healing had occurred or for up to 8 weeks. MARP values before and after application of the GTN ointment was 113.2 cm H2O and 72.5 cm H2O respectively (P < 0.001). Nifedipine caused a reduction in mean MARP from 105.2 to 74.0 cm H2O (P < 0.001). Linear analogue pain scores were significantly reduced after 2 weeks treatment with GTN and nifedipine (P < 0.001) and continued throughout the treatment period. At the end of the study; 7 of the 10 patients in the GTN group were deemed to be healed (5) or improved (2), compared with 6 of the 10 patients in the nifedipine group (5 healed, 1 improved). Headaches occurred in 3 patients in the GTN group, compared with one patient in the nifedipine group. There was no significant difference between GTN and nifedipine in terms of reduction in MARP and pain score, healing of the fissure and incidence of early recurrence and side effects of treatments. We conclude that GTN ointment and oral nifedipine are equally effective in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
Conformational analysis of 3′‐fluorinated A(2′‐5′)A(2′‐5′)A fragments (1994)

A one- and two-dimensional NMR study has been performed on seven A(2'-5')A(2'-5')A fragments containing 9-(3'-fluoro-3'-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-adenine (AF) or 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine (AF) residues at different positions, and on the corresponding monomers. A(2'-5')A(2'-5')A served as a reference compound. The fluoro substituent governs the conformation of the sugar ring: an AF residue displays mainly N-type sugar and the ring is considerably flattened (phi N approximately 30 degrees) compared to AF residues (phi S approximately 40 degrees), which exhibit almost pure S-type conformation. Moreover, in AF moieties the rotamer distribution around torsion angle gamma (O5'-C5'-C4'-C3') and the base orientation are influenced to a large extent by the presence of the fluorine substituent. The sugar rings of nonfluorinated residues in the trimers appear rather flexible. A possible correlation between the conformational characteristics of the fluorinated fragments and their biological activity has been found: the fragments that meet the prerequisites for binding to RNase L indeed show enhanced binding to this endonuclease. Furthermore, substitution of the 3'-OH group of the second residue by hydrogen or of the 3'-OH group of the 2'-terminal residue by fluorine or hydrogen results in increased resistance towards 2'-5'-phosphodiesterase.