gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The uintah framework: a unified heterogeneous task scheduling and runtime system (2012)

The development of a new unified, multi-threaded runtime system for the execution of asynchronous tasks on heterogeneous systems is described in this work. These asynchronous tasks arise from the Uintah framework, which was developed to provide an environment for solving a broad class of fluid-structure interaction problems on structured adaptive grids. Uintah has a clear separation between its MPI-free user-coded tasks and its runtime system that ensures these tasks execute efficiently. This separation also allows for complete isolation of the application developer from the complexities involved with the parallelism Uintah provides. While we have designed scalable runtime systems for large CPU core counts, the emergence of heterogeneous systems, with additional on-node accelerators and co-processors presents additional design challenges in terms of effectively utilizing all computational resources on-node and managing multiple levels of parallelism. Our work addresses these challenges for Uintah by the development of new hybrid runtime system and Unified multi-threaded MPI task scheduler, enabling Uintah to fully exploit current and emerging architectures with support for asynchronous, out-of-order scheduling of both CPU and GPU computational tasks. This design coupled with an approach that uses MPI to communicate between nodes, a shared memory model on-node and the use of novel lock-free data structures, has made it possible for Uintah to achieve excellent scalability for challenging fluid-structure problems using adaptive mesh refinement on as many as 256K cores on the DoE Jaguar XK6 system. This design has also demonstrated an ability to run capability jobs on the heterogeneous systems, Keeneland and TitanDev. In this work, the evolution of Uintah and its runtime system is examined in the context of our new Unified multi-threaded scheduler design. The performance of the Unified scheduler is also tested against previous Uintah scheduler and runtime designs over a range of processor core and GPU counts.
Buckets strike back: improved parallel shortest-paths (2002)

We study the average-case complexity of the parallel single-source shortest path (SSSP) problem, assuming arbitrary directed graphs with n nodes, m edges, and independent random edge weights uniformly distributed in [0, 1]. We provide a new bucket-based parallel SSSP algorithm that runs in T=O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n·min <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> {2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> ·L+|V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> |}) average-case time using O(n+m+T) work on a PRAM, where L denotes the maximum shortest-path weight and |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> | is the number of graph vertices with in-degree at least 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> . All previous algorithms either required more time or more work. The minimum performance gain is a logarithmic factor improvement; on certain graph classes, accelerations by factors of more than n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sup> can be achieved. The algorithm also allows adaptation to distributed memory machines.
The High-Efficiency Isolated AC–DC Converter Using the Three-Phase Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter Employing the Y-Connected Rectifier (2013)

The power conversion efficiency of an isolated ac-dc converter is a dominant factor in the overall efficiency of dc distribution systems. To improve the power conversion efficiency of the dc distribution system, a three-phase interleaved full-bridge LLC resonant converter employing a Y-connected rectifier is proposed as the isolated ac-dc high-frequency-link power-conversion system. The proposed Y-connected rectifier has the capability of boosting the output voltage without increasing the transformer's turn ratio. Especially, the frequency of the rectifier's output ripple is six times higher than the switching frequency, thereby reducing the output capacitor and the secondary transformer's RMS current. However, the tolerance of the converter's resonant components in each primary stage causes the unbalance problem of output ripple current. It cannot be solved using conventional control techniques since the structure of the three-phase interleaving has the limitations of individual control capability for each converter. To solve the current unbalance problem, a current balancing method is proposed for the output rectifying current. The performance of the proposed converter and the current balancing method has been verified through experiments using a 10 kW (300 V/33.3 A) prototype converter.
Exploration of MOF nanoparticle sizes using various physical characterization methods – is what you measure what you get? (2016)

While the size of nanoparticles (NPs) seems to be a concept established in the field of NPs and is commonly used to characterize them, its definition is not that trivial as different “sizes” have to be distinguished depending on the physical characterization technique performed to measure them. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are known for their crystallinity, their large variety of compositions due to a huge number of inorganic building blocks that can be combined with almost endless organic linkers, their tunable pore structure, their ultrahigh porosity, and the different ways their backbones can be functionalised. The combination of these features with the nanoworld offers manifold perspectives for the synthesis of well-defined MOF nanoparticles (NPs), whose size attribute should be accurately determined as it strongly influences their physicochemical properties (at this length scale). In order to elucidate size determination, we synthesised zirconium fumarate metal–organic framework nanoparticles (Zr-fum MOF NPs) and characterized them using various common characterization methods. Herein, we compare the results of different solid-state methods, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to data obtained from dispersion-based methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In doing so, we illustrate the challenge of finding the appropriate method for obtaining a MOF NP size that is meaningful in the context of the desired application. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of applying multiple complementary techniques as soon as the MOF NP size is considered. Throughout this paper, we highlight and define some reasonable recommendations of how the MOF NP size should be explored.
A REDUCED-ORDER EXTRAPOLATION SPECTRAL-FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME BASED ON THE POD METHOD FOR 2D SECOND-ORDER HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS (2017)

In this study, a reduced-order extrapolation spectral-finite difference (ROESFD) scheme based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is set up for the two-dimensional (2D) second-order hyperbolic equations. First, the classical spectral-finite difference (CSFD) method for the 2D second-order hyperbolic equations and its stability, convergence, and flaw are introduced. Then, a new ROESFD scheme that has very few degrees of freedom but holds sufficiently high accuracy is set up by the POD method and its implementation is offered. Finally, three numerical examples are offered to explain the validity of the theoretical conclusion. This implies that the ROESFD scheme is viable and efficient for searching the numerical solutions of the 2D second-order hyperbolic equations.
Catalytic Decomposition of Natural Gas to CO/CO<sub>2</sub>-Free Hydrogen Production and Carbon Nanomaterials Using MgO-Supported Monometallic Iron Family Catalysts (2014)

Monometallic Fe, Co, and Ni/MgO catalysts with 50 wt.% metal loadings were prepared and examined for natural gas decomposition to nanocarbonaceous materials, particularly multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and co-valuable hydrogen. The catalytic testing was carried out in a fixed-bed horizontal reactor at 700°C under atmospheric pressure. The fresh and/or used catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, HRTEM, SEM, TG/DTA, Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface measurements. The resulting data showed that the 50%Co/MgO catalyst displayed higher catalytic decomposition activity of natural gas to COx-free hydrogen production (∼88%), higher yield of MWCNTs, and excellent stability up to 10 h time-on-stream. On the other hand, the Ni-containing catalyst showed lower catalytic activity toward hydrogen and CNTs production, principally due to the formation of rock-salt MgxNi(1-x)O solid solution as observed from XRD and TPR data. Accordingly, the concentration of Ni particles required for natural gas feed was extremely low. The d orbital of Ni was presumed to be occupied during the formation of the solid solution, which inhibits the solublization or adsorption of hydrocarbons on Ni particles. The MWCNTs obtained over Ni-based catalyst had narrow and homogeneous diameters (∼11–13 nm). However, the Fe/MgO catalyst exhibited intermediate activity between those of Ni and Co˭MgO catalysts toward hydrogen production (∼44%). This catalyst produced mixtures of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes.
Set query optimization in distributed database systems (1986)

This paper addresses the problem of optimizing queries that involve set operations (set queries) in a distributed relational database system. A particular emphasis is put on the optimization of such queries in horizontally partitioned database systems. A mathematical programming model of the set query problem is developed and its NP-completeness is proved. Solution procedures are proposed and computational results presented. One of the main results of the computational experiments is that, for many queries, the solution procedures are not sensitive to errors in estimating the size of results of set operations.
Therapeutic Effect of Human Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cells Cluster in Rat Hind‐Limb Ischemia (2014)

We investigated whether transplantation of three-dimensional cell masses (3DCM) of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) cultured on a basic fibroblast growth factor-immobilized substrate improved hind limb functional recovery by stimulating angiogenesis in an immune-competent rat ischemic limb model. In vitro experiments confirmed that cells within 3DCMs differentiate toward the endothelial lineage one day after culture in normal medium. The therapeutic effect of 3DCMs was evaluated by transplanting hASCs, phosphate-buffered saline alone, and the 3DCM into rat ischemic hind limbs. Blood flow was enhanced in the ischemic hind limb in the 3DCM-injected group compared with the other groups. The ratio of human nuclear antigen (HNA) and hVEGF-positive cells was significantly higher in the 3DCM-injected group compared to hASC-injected group. Human VEGF was observed in most HNA-positive cells. Many hCD31 and hSMA-positive cells were observed in vessel-like structures in the 3DCM-injected group. The 3DCM transplantation improved cell retention and angiogenic effects compared with ASC transplantation. These findings suggest that transplantation of 3DCMs may be an effective stem cell therapy for hind limb ischemia.
MoCapaci: Posture and gesture detection in loose garments using textile cables as capacitive antennas (2021)

We present a wearable system to detect body postures and gestures that does not require sensors to be firmly fixed to the body or integrated into a tight-fitting garment. The sensing system can be used in a loose piece of clothing such as a coat/blazer. It is based on the well-known theremin musical instrument, which we have unobtrusively integrated into a standard men’s blazer using conductive textile antennas and OpenTheremin hardware as a prototype, the ”MoCaBlazer.” Fourteen participants with diverse body sizes and balanced gender distribution mimicked 20 arm/torso movements with the unbuttoned, single-sized blazer. State-of-the-art deep learning approaches were used to achieve average recognition accuracy results of 97.18% for leave one recording out and 86.25% for user independent recognition.
Antibodies against dengue virus E protein peptide bind to human plasminogen and inhibit plasmin activity (1997)

Both mice and rabbits immunized with dengue virus E protein peptide spanning amino acids 100-119 (D4E) produced antibodies that reacted not only with the D4E peptide itself but also with human plasminogen, as shown by ELISA and Western blot. Sera from dengue virus-hyperimmunized mice and dengue patients also contained antibodies against D4E and plasminogen. Furthermore, such sera all contained plasmin inhibitory activity. Using affinity-purified anti-D4E antibodies and free D4E peptide for competitive inhibition, we demonstrated that the inhibition of plasmin activity was due to anti-D4E antibodies rather than other substances in the sera. Taken together, these results suggest dengue virus E protein amino acids 100-119 are a cross-reactive immunogenic region, and antibodies against this region may interfere with human fibrinolysis.
Preparation of Al-Ti-N Master Alloy Grain Refiner for Al (2012)

An Al-Ti-N master alloy was prepared through the addition of AlN and Ti powders into pure Al melt heated in an induction furnace. This master alloy shows a higher grain refinement effect for pure Al than Al-Ti due to the formation of TiN and/or AlxTiyNz particles in the Al matrix. DTA, SEM and XRD results suggest that TiN and/or AlxTiyNz particles start to form at about 970°C during heating the Al-Ti-AlN powder mixture.
The Specific Cleavage of Immunoglobulin Polypeptide Chains at Cysteinyl Residues (1968)

Abstract A method has been developed for fragmenting immunoglobulin light and heavy polypeptide chains at the cysteinyl residues that participate in intrachain disulfide bridges. The method involves the quantitative blockage of positive charges associated with lysyl and arginyl residues, the reduction and subsequent aminoethylation of disulfide bridges, and the treatment of aminoethylated, blocked chains with trypsin to yield the desired blocked peptide fragments. Lysine and arginine are modified by succinic anhydride and cyclohexanedione respectively, to yield stable trypsin-insensitive residues. The blocked peptides of heavy and light chains are separated on the basis of size by gel filtration chromatography in either 8 m urea or 0.01 m ammonium bicarbonate. The blocked peptides from a k-type Bence-Jones protein can be resolved into six chromatographic peaks. The peaks, in order of their elution, have been assigned loci within the known over-all structure of a Bence-Jones protein: E and D have not been characterized and probably represent partial digestion products; C and C' probably correspond to regions between the two intramolecular disulfide bridges; B contains the peptide corresponding to the switch region as judged by amino-terminal analysis and amino acid composition; A contains the carboxyl-terminal cysteinyl residue and corresponds to peptide fragments from the amino and carboxylterminal regions of the starting Bence-Jones protein. The peptide patterns obtained from whole normal mouse and human light chain are closely similar to the Bence-Jones profile and strongly suggest that the disulfide bridge pattern found for Bence-Jones proteins applies to the majority of κ and λ chains in the whole normal light chain population. A comparison of the gel filtration patterns of a γ2a mouse myeloma heavy chain and whole normal mouse heavy chains also indicates that a single heavy disulfide bridge pattern is largely conserved in the normal population. The similarity found between heavy and light chain peptide profiles supports the idea that heavy chains and light chains arose from a common ancestral gene as a result of gene duplications and mutations.
Connectionist networks for feature indexing and object recognition (1996)

Feature indexing techniques are promising for object recognition since they can quickly reduce the set of possible matches for a set of image features. This work exploits another property of such techniques. They have inherently parallel structure and connectionist network formulations are easy to develop. Once indexing has been performed, a voting scheme such as geometric hashing can be used to generate object hypotheses in parallel. We describe a framework for the connectionist implementation of such indexing and recognition techniques. With sufficient processing elements, recognition can be performed in a small number of time steps. The number of processing elements necessary to achieve peak performance and the fan-in/fan-out required for the processing elements is examined. These techniques have been simulated on a conventional architecture with good results.
A Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna with Bandwidth Enhanced by Stacked Parasitic Elements (2018)

In this paper, a low-profile dual-linear polarized patch antenna composed of two stacked substrates, one air gap layer, and one grounded substrate is proposed. There is a feeding patch element with two excited probes placed on the top side of the grounded substrate, and one parasitic patch element and a 2×2 parasitic array patch elements printed on the lower and upper stacked substrate, respectively. The T- and rectangular slots and T-stubs are employed on/near the orthogonal axis of the patches for the impedance matching and two orthogonal polarizations improvement. Furthermore, four stacked complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) are loaded in the two stacked substrates mainly to adjust the impedance matching and port isolation with an induced dual-polarized resonance. Thanks to the stacked patches and CSRRs, an enhanced impedance bandwidth from 1.2% to 7.4% was achieved by the introduced three additional dual-polarized resonances. Simulated results show the antenna has a impedance bandwidth across 2.362-2.544 GHz (fractional bandwidth 7.4%), a maximum realized gain of 10 dBi, and port isolation better than 22 dB over the operational bandwidth. In addition, a low profile of 0.048λo (where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the central frequency) is maintained in the proposed antenna.
Rapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Red and Yellow Isochromic Carotenoid Fractions in Paprika and Red Pepper Oleoresins (2001)

A rapid method has been developed for the determination of the red (R) and yellow (Y) isochromic carotenoid pigments fractions in paprika and oleoresins, based on UV-visible spectrophotometric measurement at two characteristic wavelengths and application of the Lambert-Beer law for multicomponent mixtures. The wavelengths 472 and 508 nm were selected as the most appropriate for simultaneous quantification of these fractions in the acetone extract of pigments. Experimental determination of the specific absorption coefficients (epsilon) for the two pigment fractions (R, Y) at 472 and 508 nm yielded equations to calculate the concentration of the two fractions, the total pigment content, and the ratio between the two fractions. The error in the determination of the isochromic fractions by the proposed spectrophotometric method was <5% when the results were compared with those obtained by HPLC analysis. The method can be applied to the direct extract of pigments, thereby avoiding saponification and minimizing errors from pigment degradation and sample manipulation as well as shortening the time of analysis (5 min in the case of oleoresins).
Matrix Representation of Polarization (1961)

The use of density matrix and Stokes parameters to describe polarization enables representation of cross sections of polarization-sensitive interactions in matrix form to be made. An extensive treatment of this representation mode is presented for photons, electrons, neutrons, and for photon-electron interactions. (D.L.C.)
A 5-GHz direct-conversion CMOS transceiver (2003)

A CMOS transceiver fully compliant with IEEE 802.11a in the unlicensed national information infrastructure (UNII) band (5.15-5.35 GHz) achieves a receiver sensitivity of -5 dBm for 64-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of -29.3 dB. A single-sideband mixing technique for local-oscillator signal generation avoids frequency pulling. Realized in 0.18-μm CMOS and operating from 1.8-V power supply, the design consumes 171 mW in receive mode and 135 mW in transmit mode while occupying less than 13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
The Role of Public-Sector Research in the Discovery of Drugs and Vaccines (2011)

Public-sector research has had a more immediate effect on improving public health than was previously realized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anthelmintic Activity of 2,2′‐Disubstituted 5,5′‐Dibenzimidazolylsulfides and Sulfones. (1986)

A number of substituted diphenylsulfides and sulfones (4-11) and 2,2'-disubstituted-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl sulfides and sulphones (12-19) have been synthesized starting from 5-chloro-2-nitroacetanilide and (3) 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (9), respectively. Among the compounds tested against Ancylostoma ceylanicum in hamsters and Hymenolepis nana in rats and mice, 14, 15, 18 and 19 removed 100% of the worms at an oral dose of 25 mg/kg X 1 to 250 mg/kg X 3. Some of the compounds were tested for their blood schizontocidal activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice but none showed any activity up to an oral dose of 10 mg/kg given for 6 days.
Exploring caching for efficient collection operations (2011)

Many useful programs operate on collection types. Extensive libraries are available in many programming languages, such as the C++ Standard Template Library, which make programming with collections convenient. Extending programming languages to provide collection queries as first class constructs in the language would not only allow programmers to write queries explicitly in their programs but it would also allow compilers to leverage the wealth of experience available from the database domain to optimize such queries. This paper describes an approach to reducing the run time of programs involving explicit collection queries by leveraging a cache to store previously computed results. We propose caching the results of join (sub)queries which allows queries that miss the cache entirely to be answered partially from the cache thereby improving the query execution time. We also describe an effective cache policy to determine which join (sub)queries to cache. The cache is maintained incrementally, when the underlying collections change, and use of the cache space is optimized by a cache replacement policy.
Battery state of health estimation through coup de fouet (2002)

It has been shown for the first time that the state of health of a lead acid battery can be estimated accurately by measuring the coup de fouet voltage appearing in the early minutes of the battery discharge. The results obtained from string as well as mono block testing including 12 V batteries and 2 V cells are presented here. An empirical model has been presented to explain the results. Possible applications of this approach include drastic reduction in the testing time either at the battery production or characterization stages or for battery monitoring.