gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-rich catalog services for engineering design (2003)

The exponential growth of the Internet and increasing communication and computational power have created many opportunities for advancing engineering, manufacturing, and business activities. Among them are electronic catalogs. These have become basic information resources to a number of people, ranging from shoppers looking for personal items to engineers selecting electromechanical parts to build a product. Although rich in content, current catalog systems are limited both in search quality and in realizing the full potential of the retrieved information. The active catalog system brings a conceptually new idea to electronic commerce by providing a new, computationally usable, catalog information environment about components and their use in applications. It utilizes a rich body of domain knowledge to facilitate access and retrieval of component information. The utility of retrieved information is enhanced by using it to rapidly construct simulation programs and test alternatives, supporting a “try before you buy” paradigm in which users evaluate candidate components within simulations of their design. We describe services provided in the active catalog system to support engineers in selecting and evaluating electromechanical components and subsystems. The services include mechanisms for creating queries for parts based on their intended use rather than merely parametric specifications, refining those queries to take account of constraints imposed by domain knowledge, providing multimodal information to help engineers assess and compare candidate parts, and generating simulation models for candidate parts and integrating them to provide simulation models for candidate systems.
Enhanced cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA damage repair in irradiated murine L5178Y lymphoblasts and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine in vitro. (1988)

The effects of irradiation were evaluated in L5178Y lymphoblasts treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin, and deoxyadenosine. A synergistic antitumor effect was observed in resting cells between irradiation and 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine, with the dose required to reduce the surviving cell fraction to 0.1 being 25% lower than predicted for an additive effect. Synergy was enhanced with increasing deoxyadenosine concentration or with increasing radiation dose. When cells were treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine for 1 h prior to irradiation, synergy was increased by prolonging postirradiation drug treatment. With 4-h postirradiation exposure to drug, varying the preirradiation incubation time did not affect synergy. In contrast, only a small enhancement of antitumor activity was observed in irradiated proliferating cells treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine. Incubation of resting cells with 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine resulted in inhibition of the rate and extent of repair of radiation-induced DNA single strand breaks and an increase in dATP, but had no effect on NAD or ATP. With removal of drug, the dATP level fell rapidly and DNA repair resumed. Repair of DNA single strand breaks was more rapid in proliferating cells than in resting cells and was minimally affected by 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine, although the accumulation of dATP in these cells was 2-fold greater than in resting cells. The repair of DNA single strand breaks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells was as rapid as for proliferating L5178Y cells, but repair was significantly inhibited by 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine. These results suggest that 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine can function as a radiosensitizer, and this effect is associated with the cellular accumulation of dATP and inhibition of repair of DNA single strand breaks.
Interstitial Compounds of Irradiated Graphite (1958)

As the result of an attempt to prepare unordered compounds of graphite containing more than 1.5 × 10-3 acceptor per carbon atom by the introduction of both chemical acceptors and radiation damge centers, evidence has been found for mutual destruction of chemical acceptors and damage centers. An analysis of the kinetic behavior of the mutual destruction indicates that the extent of destruction is independent of the order in which the radiation damaging and chemical treatments are carried out. From some auxiliary experiments made necessary by the discovery of the above interaction it is concluded that the graphite bisulfate residue compounds are stable at room temperature, and that the bisulfate ion is not appreciably decomposed by the gamma flux in the reactor during short irradiations.The dependence of some electrical properties of graphite on the concentrations of both chemical acceptors and radiation damage centers has been analyzed on the basis of the two-band theory of a semiconductor above its degeneracy temperature. It is concluded that whereas the Hall effect may be reasonably well understood the behaviors of the electrical resistance and magneto-resistance cannot be understood in terms of this theory, so that the introduction of additional hypotheses appears necessary.
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers (2001)

Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two.
A Distributed Virtual Reality Simulation System for Situational Training (1994)

This paper presents a laboratory review of current research being undertaken at Sandia National Laboratories in the development of a distributed virtual reality simulation system for situational training applications. An overview of the project is presented, followed by a discussion of the various components, both hardware and software. Finally, a training application being developed utilizing the system is presented.
A Revised Damage Analysis Procedure for the CRASH Computer Program (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A revised damage analysis procedure for CRASH, which includes restitution effects, is described. The proposed calculation procedure has the potential capability of (1) improving the delta-V accuracy in low-speed collisions and (2) segregating stiffness and restitution properties. The analytical approach can provide a basis for refinement of the categorization of vehicles through its use of additional crush property descriptors. Sample results from applications of a prototype computer routine are presented and compared with corresponding results from the original damage routine of CRASH.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The reported research has been supported by McHenry Consultants, Inc.</div>
The Influence of Effector T Cells and Fas Ligand on Lupus-Associated B Cells (2005)

Circulating autoantibodies against dsDNA and chromatin are a characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus in humans and many mouse models of this disease. B cells expressing these autoantibodies are normally regulated in nonautoimmune-prone mice but are induced to secrete Abs following T cell help. Likewise, anti-chromatin autoantibody production is T cell-dependent in Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-deficient (lpr/lpr or gld/gld) mice. In this study, we demonstrate that Th2 cells promote anti-chromatin B cell survival and autoantibody production in vivo. FasL influences the ability of Th2 cells to help B cells, as Th2-gld/gld cells support higher titers of anti-chromatin Abs than their FasL-sufficient counterparts and promote anti-chromatin B cell participation in germinal centers. Th1 cells induce anti-chromatin B cell germinal centers regardless of FasL status; however, their ability to stimulate anti-chromatin Ab production positively correlates with their level of IFN-gamma production. This distinction is lost if FasL-deficient T cells are used: Th1-gld/gld cells promote significant titers of anti-chromatin Abs regardless of IFN-gamma production levels. Thus, FasL from effector T cells plays an important role in determining the fate of anti-chromatin B cells.
High-speed underwater optical wireless communication using a blue GaN-based micro-LED (2017)

High-speed underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) was achieved using an 80 μm blue-emitting GaN-based micro-LED. The micro-LED has a peak emission wavelength of ~440 nm and an underwater power attenuation of 1 dB/m in tap water. The -3 dB electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidth of the packaged micro-LED increases with increasing current and saturates at ~160 MHz. At an underwater distance of 0.6 m, 800 Mb/s data rate was achieved with a bit error rate (BER) of 1.3 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, below the forward error correction (FEC) criteria. And we obtained 100 Mb/s data communication speed with a received light output power of -40 dBm and a BER of 1.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, suggesting that UOWC with extended distance can be achieved. Through reflecting the light emission beam by mirrors within a water tank, we experimentally demonstrated a 200 Mb/s data rate with a BER of 3.0 × 10<sup>-6</sup> at an underwater distance of 5.4 m.
Analytically useful blue chemiluminescence from a water-soluble iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) complex containing a tetraethylene glycol functionalised triazolylpyridine ligand (2016)

We examine [Ir(df-ppy)2(pt-TEG)](+) as the first highly water soluble, blue-luminescent iridium(III) complex for chemiluminescence detection. Marked differences in selectivity were observed between the new complex and the conventional [Ru(bpy)3](2+) reagent, which will enable this mode of detection to be extended to new areas of application.
Giant Electrocaloric Strength in Single‐Crystal BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (2013)

The very sharp first-order phase transition in single-crystal BaTiO3 permits thermal changes to be driven by very small electric fields. The resulting giant electrocaloric strength could be exploited in future cooling devices that operate at high frequency.
Nonseparable two- and three-dimensional wavelets (1995)

We present two- and three-dimensional nonseparable wavelets. They are obtained from discrete-time bases by iterating filter banks. We consider three sampling lattices: quincunx, separable by two in two dimensions, and FCO. The design methods are based either on cascade structures or on the McClellan transformation in the quincunx case. We give a few design examples. In particular, the first example of an orthonormal 2-D wavelet basis with symmetries is constructed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulated Bone Healing (2000)

Impaired bone healing has been a known problem since ancient times. Numerous methods have been tried during the medical history to solve this problem. Bone grafting has until recently been the main treatment of impaired bone healing. During the last two decades the rapid development of biotechnology and biomaterials have led to numerous new materials and identification of bioactive mediators with potent effects on bone healing. The isolation of the peptide regulators of bone formation and bone healing have led to new pharmacological tools for stimulation of bone healing. Also the advances in molecular biology have led to identification of bone stem cells, and with gene therapy principles, cellular growth factor factories are now possible tools. Advances in calcium phosphate ceramic research have led to the development of numerous new bone substitutes that create favorable conditions for bone healing. The aim of this review is to describe the major approaches of stimulated bone healing. Possible areas for clinical usage of these methods are also discussed.
Evidence for farnesol‐mediated isoprenoid synthesis regulation in a halophilic archaeon, <i>Haloferax volcanii</i> (1996)

Farnesol strongly inhibited growth of a halophilic archaeon, Haloferax volcanii, with an IC50 value of only 2 microM (0.4 microgram/ml) in rich medium and 50 nM (0.01 microgram/ml) in minimal medium without lysis. Other isoprenoid alcohols such as isopentenol, dimethylallyl alcohol, geraniol, and geranylgeraniol at 500 microM did not affect its growth. Mevalonate, which is the precursor of all isoprenoid membrane lipids in archaea, led to recovery of the growth inhibition of H. volcanii, but acetate had no such effect. Farnesol inhibited incorporation of acetate, but not mevalonate, into the lipid fraction. These results suggest that farnesol inhibited the biosynthetic pathway from acetate (acetyl-CoA) to mevalonate. Farnesol is known to be derived from the important intermediate of isoprenoids, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and found in neutral lipid fraction from this archaeon. Moreover, the cell-free extracts from H. volcanii could phosphorylate farnesol with ATP to generate farnesyl monophosphate and FPP. We conclude that farnesol-mediated isoprenoid synthesis regulation system by controlling farnesol concentration is present in H. volcanii.
The Structure-Activity Relationship in Barbiturates and Its Similarity to That in Other Narcotics (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure-Activity Relationship in Barbiturates and Its Similarity to That in Other NarcoticsCorwin. Hansch and Susan M. AndersonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 745–753Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00317a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of novel beta-ribosidase substrates for the differentiation of Gram-negative bacteria (2003)

Aims: To synthesize novel substrates for the detection of β-ribosidase and assess their potential for the differentiation of Gram-negative bacteria.\n\nMethods and Results: Two novel chromogenic substrates, 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone-4′-β-D-ribofuranoside (DHF-riboside) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-ribofuranoside (X-riboside) were evaluated along with a known fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-ribofuranoside (4MU-riboside). A total of 543 Gram-negative bacilli were cultured on media containing either DHF-riboside or X-riboside. Hydrolysis of DHF-riboside or X-riboside resulted in the formation of clearly distinguishable black or blue-green colonies, respectively. Hydrolysis of 4MU-riboside was evaluated in a liquid medium in microtiter trays and yielded blue fluorescence on hydrolysis which was measured using fluorimetry. β-Ribosidase activity was widespread with 75% of strains, including 85·6% of Enterobacteriaceae, showing activity with at least one substrate. Genera that demonstrated β-ribosidase activity included Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Morganella, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Shigella. In contrast, strains of Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus generally failed to demonstrate β-ribosidase activity.\n\nConclusions: The novel substrates DHF-riboside and X-riboside are effective for the detection of β-ribosidase in agar-based media and may be useful for the differentiation and identification of Gram-negative bacteria.\n\nSignificance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report describing the application and utility of chromogenic substrates for β-ribosidase. These substrates could be applied in chromogenic media for differentiation of Gram-negative bacteria.
Progresses in the Preparation of Coke Resistant Ni‐based Catalyst for Steam and CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane (2011)

Abstract Steam reforming of methane is an extremely important process for the hydrogen and syngas production. Nickel‐based catalysts have been extensively employed in the industrial process of steam reforming because of their high activity, low cost, and the plentiful supply of Nickel. Nickel‐based catalysts have also shown high activity for CO 2 reforming of methane, which has been considered as a good option, with consumption of a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, a major challenge is that Ni catalysts have a high thermodynamic potential for coke formation during reforming reactions. For steam reforming, coke formation induces deactivation of the catalyst, especially if the carbon forms as carbon filaments. The filamentous carbon material has a high mechanical strength and can cause mechanical deformation of the catalyst. For CO 2 reforming, coke formation over Ni catalyst is even more serious and leads to rapid deactivation of the catalyst. It is highly desired to design and synthesize a coke resistant Ni catalyst not only for reforming of methane, but also for reforming of other hydrocarbons (including biomass derived hydrocarbons). Herein we summarize the very recent progresses in the design, synthesis, and characterization of coke resistant Ni catalysts for steam and CO 2 reforming of methane. The progresses in the use of promoters, in the effect of supporting materials and in the preparation methods have been discussed. The thermal stability, regeneration, and future development of coke resistant Ni catalysts for these processes are also briefly addressed.
The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation (2013)

Maintenance of brain function depends on a constant blood supply. Deficits in cerebral blood flow are linked to cognitive decline, and they have detrimental effects on the outcome of ischemia. Hypertension causes alterations in cerebral artery structure and function that can impair blood flow, particularly during an ischemic insult or during periods of low arterial pressure. This review will focus on the historical discoveries, novel developments, and knowledge gaps in 1) hypertensive cerebral artery remodeling, 2) vascular function with emphasis on myogenic reactivity and endothelium-dependent dilation, and 3) blood-brain barrier function. Hypertensive artery remodeling results in reduction in the lumen diameter and an increase in the wall-to-lumen ratio in most cerebral arteries; this is linked to reduced blood flow postischemia and increased ischemic damage. Many factors that are increased in hypertension stimulate remodeling; these include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reactive oxygen species levels. Endothelial function, vital for endothelium-mediated dilation and regulation of myogenic reactivity, is impaired in hypertension. This is a consequence of alterations in vasodilator mechanisms involving nitric oxide, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and ion channels, including calcium-activated potassium channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 4. Hypertension causes blood-brain barrier breakdown by mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoactive circulating molecules. This exposes neurons to cytotoxic molecules, leading to neuronal loss, cognitive decline, and impaired recovery from ischemia. As the population ages and the incidence of hypertension, stroke, and dementia increases, it is imperative that we gain a better understanding of the control of cerebral artery function in health and disease.
Synthesis and characterization of new organosoluble and gas‐permeable polyimides from bulky substituted pyromellitic dianhydrides (2002)

Abstract Two new pyromellitic dianhydrides, 1,4‐bis(4′‐ t ‐butylphenyl) pyromellitic dianhydride and 1,4‐bis(4′‐trimethylsilylphenyl) pyromellitic dianhydride, were synthesized via Suzuki coupling, oxidation, and dehydration. A series of new organosoluble polyimides were prepared from the obtained pyromellitic dianhydride and various aromatic diamines by the conventional polycondensation reaction followed by chemical imidization, as well as high‐temperature, one‐step polymerization. The structures of the dianhydrides and polymers were identified with various spectroscopies. The inherent viscosities of the resulting polymers were 0.62–1.89 dL/g. The synthesized polyimides showed good solubility in various organic solvents such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, and p ‐chlorophenol. These polymers had glass‐transition temperatures of 230–260 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that all the polymers were stable, with 10% weight losses recorded above 490 °C in nitrogen. The polyimide films had good mechanical properties and high oxygen permselectivity to nitrogen. The oxygen permeability coefficient ( P ) and the permselectivity of oxygen to nitrogen ( P / P ) of the films were 13–56 barrer and 3.7–5.5, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4288–4296, 2002
Resistivity effect of ZnGa2O4:Mn phosphor screen on cathodoluminescence characteristics of field emission display (1998)

The cathodoluminescent characteristics of phosphor screens excited by cold electrons from field emitter arrays can be influenced by the resistivity of the phosphor screen. The resistivity of ZnGa2O4:Mn phosphor screens was determined experimentally and the correlation between the screen resistivity and the luminance was obtained. Addition of WO3 to ZnGa2O4:Mn phosphor was one way of controlling the resistivity, and subsequently the luminance. In field emission displays (FEDs), the resistivity of the phosphor screen gives rise to a voltage drop on the anode side and modifies the emission characteristics of emitters, which leads to a negative effect on the luminance. The luminance has been generally expressed as L=ηIanodeVanode. But with the resistivity of the phosphor screen taken into consideration, it should be expressed as L=ηIanodeVphosphor. For either reason, the resistivity of the phosphor needs to be held as low as possible to get the maximum luminance out of FED. Experiments show that the resistivity of ZnGa2O4:Mn phosphor is typically 1010 Ω cm.
Reactions in the System Li <sub>2</sub> O‐MgO‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐SiO <sub>2</sub> : II, Phase Equilibria in the High‐Silica Region (1956)

Liquidus and subsolidus relationships were determined for compositions lying on the 65 and 75% SiO 2 planes in the quaternary tetrahedron. From these data and from additional data on several compositions not lying on these two planes, a picture of the probable positions of the phase volumes and quaternary invariant points was formulated. Solid solution effects in quartz and in β‐spodumene, the polymorphism of MgSiO 3 , the phase relationships along the join Li 2 O ‐MgO ° SiO 2 ‐Li 2 O. Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 , and the location of the β‐spodumene‐mullite boundary were briefly investigated as subsidiary problems during the course of the work. The significance of the data with respect to ceramic bodies and glazes is discussed.