gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute-phase protein α1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats (2014)

One would assume that the anti-inflammatory activity of α1-anti-trypsin (AAT) is the result of inhibiting neutrophil enzymes. However, AAT exhibits tolerogenic activities that are difficult to explain by serine-protease inhibition or by reduced inflammatory parameters. Targets outside the serine-protease family have been identified, supporting the notion that elastase inhibition, the only functional factory release criteria for clinical-grade AAT, is over-emphasized. Non-obvious developments in the understanding of AAT biology disqualify it from being a straightforward anti-inflammatory agent: AAT does not block dendritic cell activities, nor does it promote viral and tumour susceptibilities, stunt B lymphocyte responses or render treated patients susceptible to infections; accordingly, outcomes of elevated AAT do not overlap those attained by immunosuppression. Aside from the acute-phase response, AAT rises during the third trimester of pregnancy and also in advanced age. At the molecular level, AAT docks onto cholesterol-rich lipid-rafts and circulating lipid particles, directly binds interleukin (IL)-8, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) and danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, and its activity is lost to smoke, high glucose levels and bacterial proteases, introducing a novel entity - 'relative AAT deficiency'. Unlike immunosuppression, AAT appears to help the immune system to distinguish between desired responses against authentic threats, and unwanted responses fuelled by a positive feedback loop perpetuated by, and at the expense of, inflamed injured innocent bystander cells. With a remarkable clinical safety record, AAT treatment is currently tested in clinical trials for its potential benefit in a variety of categorically distinct pathologies that share at least one common driving force: cell injury.
Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization: Synthesis of Five-Membered-Ring Compounds Containing All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters (2012)

A highly stereoselective catalytic alkylation sequence for the synthesis of highly functionalized and versatile five-membered-ring compounds bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters was developed. Enantioselective desymmetrization of achiral cyclopentene-1,3-diones was thus executed by chiral Cu-phosphoramidite catalysts. A variety of complicated cyclopentane derivatives can be synthesized with excellent stereoselectivities using a low catalyst loading in a one-pot operation.
Ran-Binding Protein 3 Is a Cofactor for Crm1-Mediated Nuclear Protein Export (2001)

Crm1 is a member of the karyopherin family of nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors and mediates the export of proteins from the nucleus by forming a ternary complex with cargo and Ran:GTP. This complex translocates through the nuclear pores and dissociates in the cytosol. The yeast protein Yrb2p participates in this pathway and binds Crm1, but its mechanism of action has not been established. We show that the human orthologue of Yrb2p, Ran-binding protein 3 (RanBP3), acts as a cofactor for Crm1-mediated export in a permeabilized cell assay. RanBP3 binds directly to Crm1, and the complex possesses an enhanced affinity for both Ran:GTP and cargo. RanBP3 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by a Crm1-dependent mechanism, and the Crm1--RanBP3-NES-Ran:GTP quarternary complex can associate with nucleoporins. We infer that this complex translocates through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm where it is disassembled by RanBP1 and Ran GTPase--activating protein.
Carboxyl-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes selectively induce human telomeric i-motif formation (2006)

As the leading nanodevice candidate, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have potential therapeutic applications in gene therapy and novel drug delivery. We found that SWNTs can inhibit DNA duplex association and selectively induce human telomeric i-motif DNA formation by binding to the 5'-end major groove under physiological conditions or even at pH 8.0. SWNT binding to telomeric DNA was studied by UV melting, NMR, S1 nuclease cleavage, CD, and competitive FRET methods. These results suggest that SWNTs might have the intriguing potential to modulate human telomeric DNA structures in vivo, like biologically relevant B-A and B-Z DNA transitions, which is of great interest for drug design and cancer therapy.
Static and dynamic characteristics of 4-6 kV 4H-SiC SIAFETs (2002)

A novel high voltage SiC MOS device named SIAFET (Static induction Injected Accumulated FET) was fabricated by using 4H-SiC, and both a high blocking voltage of 6.1 kV and a low specific on resistance (RonS) of 732 m/spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/ were achieved at the same time. Its dynamic characteristics were investigated in addition to those of a 4.5 kV SIAFET for the first time, and it was demonstrated that the influence of an injected current on the turn-off time was very small. Thus, the SIAFET was confirmed to be able to achieve not only high BV and low RonS, but also a high switching speed.
Crystal Structure of the Pre-fusion Nipah Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Reveals a Novel Hexamer-of-Trimers Assembly (2015)

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that infects host cells through the coordinated efforts of two envelope glycoproteins. The G glycoprotein attaches to cell receptors, triggering the fusion (F) glycoprotein to execute membrane fusion. Here we report the first crystal structure of the pre-fusion form of the NiV-F glycoprotein ectodomain. Interestingly this structure also revealed a hexamer-of-trimers encircling a central axis. Electron tomography of Nipah virus-like particles supported the hexameric pre-fusion model, and biochemical analyses supported the hexamer-of-trimers F assembly in solution. Importantly, structure-assisted site-directed mutagenesis of the interfaces between F trimers highlighted the functional relevance of the hexameric assembly. Shown here, in both cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion systems, our results suggested that this hexamer-of-trimers assembly was important during fusion pore formation. We propose that this assembly would stabilize the pre-fusion F conformation prior to cell attachment and facilitate the coordinated transition to a post-fusion conformation of all six F trimers upon triggering of a single trimer. Together, our data reveal a novel and functional pre-fusion architecture of a paramyxoviral fusion glycoprotein.
Attracting Early‐Stage Investors: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment (2016)

ABSTRACT This paper uses a randomized field experiment to identify which start‐up characteristics are most important to investors in early‐stage firms. The experiment randomizes investors’ information sets of fund‐raising start‐ups. The average investor responds strongly to information about the founding team, but not to firm traction or existing lead investors. We provide evidence that the team is not merely a signal of quality, and that investing based on team information is a rational strategy. Together, our results indicate that information about human assets is causally important for the funding of early‐stage firms and hence for entrepreneurial success.
DC-SIGN: binding receptors for hepatitis C virus. (2004)

DC-SIGNs are high-affinity binding receptors for HCV. The clinical strategies that target DC-SIGN may be successful in restricting HCV dissemination and pathogenesis as well as directing the migration of DCs to manipulate appropriate immune responses in autoimmunity and tumorigenic situations.
Formation and Structure of Silicon Carbide Whiskers from Rice Hulls (1984)

A study of the distribution of Si in rice hulls was carried out to aid in understanding the observed formation of SIC whiskers by the thermal decomposition and reaction of these natural materials. Scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis confirm the presence of a major amount of Si in the inner and outer epidermal regions of the rice hull. The Si is present as a hydrated amorphous form of SiO 2 which is evidently bound in the inner layer to organic constituents, placing it adjacent to a source of carbon but interfering with its solubility in HF. The SIC produced by pyrolysis is in the form of ultrafine particles with cubic crystal structure and whiskers exhibiting stacking faults and twins perpendicular to the whisker axis, easily visible by transmission electron microscopy. These whiskers are very similar to ones obtained by chemical vapor deposition with SiO and CO as the primary reactants.
Growth Characteristics of Small Aquatic Oligochaetes Contributing on Sludge Reduction in Biological Wastewater Treatment System (2005)

Isolation, stock, and in addition, monoxenic and mass culture of specific species of aquatic oligochaetes, Nais sp., Aeolosoma hemprichi, Pristina sp. and Dero sp. were attemped successfully. Small aquatic oligochaetes are the typical metazoa found frequently in the activated sludge and bio-film from domestic sewage treatment plant operated by low BOD loading. Using a sterilized activated sludge as the metazoan food, the monoxenic growth rate of small aquatic oligochaetes, the effects of temperature, pH, phosphate buffer solution concentration, organic concentration, share stress, food concentration and sort of bacteria as food, on the growth rate were measured. The optimum temperature of cultivation for A. hemprichi, Nais sp. and Pristina sp. were 33, 25 and 30°C, respectively. Phosphate buffer concentration which could grow normally were 1/375M for A. hemprichi and Nais sp., 1/150M for Pristina sp. and 1/7,500M for Dero sp. The optimum pH values in cultivating the oligochaetes ranged from 6 to 8. The growth of Nais sp. could not be observed in much stronger share stress.Specific growth rates (μ) ranged from 0.35 to 0.43 day-1 for A. hemprichi and 0.10 to 0.13 day-1 for Nais sp., respectively when the sludge concentration was more than 500 mg · l-1.
Coupling of silicon-vacancy centers to a single crystal diamond cavity (2012)

Optical coupling of an ensemble of silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers to single-crystal diamond microdisk cavities is demonstrated. The cavities are fabricated from a single-crystal diamond membrane generated by ion implantation and electrochemical liftoff followed by homo-epitaxial overgrowth. Whispering gallery modes spectrally overlap with the zero-phonon line (ZPL) of the SiV centers and exhibit quality factors ∼ 2200. Lifetime reduction from 1.8 ns to 1.48 ns is observed from SiV centers in the cavity compared to those in the membrane outside the cavity. These results are pivotal in developing diamond integrated photonics networks.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Xylooligosaccharides (2012)

Xylooligosaccharides (XOs) are considered as food ingredients, and exhibit the prebiotic effects related to gut modulation. However, no related research is available to explain their immunomodulatory effects. This report elucidated their immunomodulatory effects through the variations of proinflammatory mediators in vitro. We found that XOs (0.1 − 100 μg/mL) induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) production in un-stimulated macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, pre- and post-treated XOs (0.1−100 μg/mL) dose-dependently suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO production and induced IL-10 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without exerting cytotoxicity. Of note is that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production didn’t change significantly through the XOs treatment. These data demonstrate that XOs potently down-regulates the LPS-induced inflammatory response. The in vitro assessment of inflammatory mediators should be useful in further characterization of the effects of XOs on immunomodulation.
Gene Expression Profiling of Epothilone A‐Resistant Cells (2002)

In the current study, we isolated sublines of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA 435 that exhibited increasing resistance to epothilone A, a microtubule-stabilizing cytotoxic agent. The resistant cells did not express P glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) which are known mediators of multidrug resistance (MDR). Two groups of epothilone A-resistant cells were selected: cells which exhibited low resistance to both epothilone A and Taxol, and cells which exhibit low resistance to Taxol but high resistance to epothilone A. cDNA microarrays of epothilone A-resistant and Taxol-resistant cells were utilized to further characterize epothilone A resistance. Hierarchical clustering of genes according to their levels of expression indicated that the majority of genes which were highly expressed in epothilone A-resistant cells but not in taxol-resistant MDR cells encode known interferon-inducible proteins. Genes whose expression increased with increasing epothilone A resistance include microtubule-associated GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins, cell signalling proteins and a drug metabolising enzyme. The majority of the genes that were repressed in both epothilone A- and Taxol-resistant cells encode proteins regulating cellular growth signalling mechanisms.
Studies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by isotope labeling. IV. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over copper surfaces at 150-200.deg. (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by isotope labeling. IV. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over copper surfaces at 150-200.deg.K. Otto and M. ShelefCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 1, 37–43Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100645a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100645a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Investigations of tetraspanin functions using large extracellular loops (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2005.
Long-Range Visual Homing (2006)

A biologically-inspired approach to robot route following is presented. Snapshot images of a robot's environment are captured while learning a route. Later, when retracing the route, the robot uses visual homing to move between positions where snapshot images had been captured. This general approach was inspired by experiments on route following in wood ants. The impact of odometric error and another key parameter is studied in relation to the number of snapshots captured by the learning algorithm. Tests in a photo-realistic simulated environment reveal that route following can succeed even on relatively sparse paths. A major change in illumination reduces, but does eliminate, the robot's ability to retrace a route.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using unrelated donors: a pilot study of the Canadian Bone Marrow Transplant Group. (1991)

Between February 1988 and January 1990, 35 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated donors using measures routinely employed for matched related donors. Median patient age was 34 years (range 2-49). Thirty-two patients had hematologic malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in 16; three patients had severe aplastic anemia. Donor-patient pairs were matched at the HLA loci tested serologically (HLA-A, -B, -DR) in 29 cases; mixed leukocyte culture results were variable but often reactive. Five patients died prior to day +28 without evidence of myeloid engraftment, and one patient developed fatal graft failure several months after initial engraftment. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 77% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60-90%) of all patients, and GVHD contributed to the death of 10 patients. Fatal regimen-related toxicity occurred in four patients and another died due to neurologic complications of a process that resembled the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Two acute leukemia patients relapsed, and a CML patient was found to have a localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at necropsy. As of 1 June 1991, 14 patients are alive and in remission at a median follow-up of 1.9 years (range 1.5-3.3); all except one have normal performance scores. The 2-year actuarial event-free survival for all patients is 40% (95% CI 24-56%). Proportional hazards analysis revealed favorable significance for female patient sex, less advanced disease status and shorter interval from diagnosis to BMT. While unrelated-donor transplants need not necessarily duplicate the results of related-donor transplants to be of benefit, the event-free survival in this series was roughly similar to that expected in the related-donor situation, with the high transplant-related mortality somewhat offset by a low recurrence rate. Further studies using unrelated donors, employing new methods of preventing transplant-related complications, are indicated.
The Photochemical Isomerization of Azobenzene<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photochemical Isomerization of Azobenzene1George Zimmerman, Lue-Yung Chow, and Un-Jin PaikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3528–3531Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3336Altmetric-Citations448LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Visual Framework for Securing Impromptu Collaboration in Pervasive Computing (2006)

Impromptu collaboration, often characterized as being opportunistic, spontaneous, proximity-based, and transient, is fast becoming a common way of interactions in mobile and pervasive computing. Though continued research efforts have been made to secure this type of collaboration, the increasing computational and storage capabilities of mobile devices pose a new security challenge of access control for sharing a variety of their resources. In this paper we present a visual framework for securing impromptu collaboration in a pervasive computing environment. The framework incorporates a method of demonstrative identification of mobile devices, key-based capability list, and 2-dimensional visual barcode technology to support a convenient access control service in mobile and pervasive computing. Impromptu collaboration, often characterized as being opportunistic, spontaneous, proximity-based, and transient, is fast becoming a common way of interactions in mobile and pervasive computing. Though continued research efforts have been made to secure this type of collaboration, the increasing computational and storage capabilities of mobile devices pose a new security challenge of access control for sharing a variety of their resources. In this paper we present a visual framework for securing impromptu collaboration in a pervasive computing environment. The framework incorporates a method of demonstrative identification of mobile devices, key-based capability list, and 2-dimensional visual barcode technology to support a convenient access control service in mobile and pervasive computing
A sagebrush community type classification for mountainous northeastern Nevada rangelands (1988)

A synecological study of sagebrush-dominated rangelands was conducted on the Humboldt National Forest, northeastern Nevada, between 1983 and 1986. A total of 372 relatively undisturbed sites were sampled for both vegetation and soil parameters, with 35 grass, 39 shrub, and 140 forb species identified. Plant species production data were used to develop a hierarchical, floristic-based community type classification with TWINSPAN. Seventeen sagebrush community types were identified in this analysis and named by their dominant shrub and grass species. The dominant sagebrush species of the community types are Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (5 community types), A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (3 community types), A. tridentata ssp. tridentata (2 community types), A. arbuscula (3 community types), A. nova (3 community types), and A. longiloba (1 community type). Multivariate analysis revealed that all community types contain significantly different plant species compositions. Shrub species are more effective in discriminating between community types than grass species, which, in turn, are more effective than forb species.
Large phase modulation of THz wave via an enhanced resonant active HEMT metasurface (2018)

Abstract Terahertz (THz) science and technology promise unique applications in high‐speed communications, high‐accuracy imaging, and so on. To keep up with the demand for THz systems, THz dynamic devices should feature large phase shift modulation and high speed. To date, however, only a few devices can efficiently manipulate the phase of THz waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that efficient phase modulation of THz waves can be addressed by an active and enhanced resonant metamaterial embedded with a nanostructured 2D electron gas (2DEG) layer of a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The enhanced resonant metaunit couples the traditional dipolar and inductance‐capacitance resonances together to realize a coupling mode with enhanced resonance. Embedded with the nanostructured 2DEG layer of GaN HEMT, the resonance intensity and surface current circuit of the enhanced resonant mode in the metamaterial unit can be dynamically manipulated by the electrical control of the carrier distribution and depletion of the 3 nm 2DEG, leading to a phase shift greater than 150° in simulation. In the dynamic experiments, a 137° phase shift was achieved with an external controlling voltage of only several volts in the THz transmission mode. This work represents the first realization of a phase shift greater than 100° in a dynamic experiment in transmission mode using an active metamaterial structure with only a single layer. In addition, given the high‐speed modulation ability of the HEMT, this concept provides a promising approach for the development of a fast and effective phase modulator in THz application systems.