gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Expressing Chimeric Spike Glycoproteins Induce Partial Protective Immunity against Homologous Challenge despite Limited Replication<i>In Vivo</i> (2018)

Vaccination regimes against <i>Infectious bronchitis virus</i> (IBV), which are based on a single virus serotype, often induce insufficient levels of cross-protection against serotypes and two or more antigenically diverse vaccines are used in attempt to provide broader protection. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, are associated with poor cross-protection. Here, homologous vaccination trials with recombinant IBVs (rIBVs), based on the apathogenic strain, BeauR, were conducted to elucidate the role of S1 in protection. A single vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with rIBV expressing S1 of virulent strains M41 or QX, BeauR-M41(S1) and BeauR-QX(S1), gave incomplete protection against homologous challenge, based on ciliary activity and clinical signs. There could be conformational issues with the spike if heterologous S1 and S2 are linked, suggesting a homologous S2 might be essential. To address this, a homologous vaccination-challenge trial incorporating rIBVs expressing full spike from M41, BeauR-M41(S), and S2 subunit from M41, BeauR-M41(S2) was conducted. All chimeric viruses grew to similar titers <i>in vitro</i>, induced virus-specific partial protective immunity, evident by cellular infiltrations, reductions in viral RNA load in the trachea and conjunctiva and higher serum anti-IBV titers. Collectively, these findings show that vaccination with rIBVs primed the birds for challenge but the viruses were cleared rapidly from the mucosal tissues in the head. Chimeric S1 and S2 viruses did not protect as effectively as BeauR-M41(S) based on ciliary activity and clinical signs. Booster vaccinations and an rIBV with improved <i>in vivo</i> replication may improve the levels of protection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Infectious bronchitis virus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, have been associated with poor cross-protection. Available vaccines give poor cross-protection and rationally designed live attenuated vaccines, based on apathogenic BeauR, could address these. Here, to determine the role of S1 in protection, a series of homologous vaccination trials with rIBVs were conducted. Single vaccinations with chimeric rIBVs induced virus-specific partial protective immunity, characterized by reduction in viral load and serum antibody titers. However, BeauR-M41(S) was the only vaccination to improve the level of protection against clinical signs and the loss of tracheal ciliary activity. Growth characteristics show that all of the rIBVs replicated <i>in vitro</i> to similar levels. Booster vaccinations and an rIBV with improved <i>in vivo</i> replication may improve the levels of protection.
Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions (2020)

Implicitly defined, continuous, differentiable signal representations parameterized by neural networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm, offering many possible benefits over conventional representations. However, current network architectures for such implicit neural representations are incapable of modeling signals with fine detail, and fail to represent a signal's spatial and temporal derivatives, despite the fact that these are essential to many physical signals defined implicitly as the solution to partial differential equations. We propose to leverage periodic activation functions for implicit neural representations and demonstrate that these networks, dubbed sinusoidal representation networks or Sirens, are ideally suited for representing complex natural signals and their derivatives. We analyze Siren activation statistics to propose a principled initialization scheme and demonstrate the representation of images, wavefields, video, sound, and their derivatives. Further, we show how Sirens can be leveraged to solve challenging boundary value problems, such as particular Eikonal equations (yielding signed distance functions), the Poisson equation, and the Helmholtz and wave equations. Lastly, we combine Sirens with hypernetworks to learn priors over the space of Siren functions.
Monitoring Edentulism in Older New Zealand Adults over Two Decades: A Review and Commentary (2012)

Historically, New Zealand has had the highest rates of edentulism in the world, but that rate has been falling quickly in recent decades. In 1997, projections were made for edentulism prevalence among 65–74-year-olds using national survey data from 1976 (where it was 72.3%) to 1988 (58.6%). That process assumed a logistic decline in edentulism, given that it would never have been 100% and will never get to 0%. This paper examines the validity of the projections using the estimate (29.6%) from the third national oral health survey, conducted in 2009 and considers the implications of this fall.
The ${LoG}$ Characteristic Scale: A Consistent Measurement of Lung Nodule Size in CT Imaging (2009)

Nodule growth as observed in computed tomography (CT) scans acquired at different times is the primary feature to malignancy of indeterminate small lung nodules. In this paper, we propose the estimation of nodule size through a scale-space representation which needs no segmentation and has high intra- and inter-operator reproducibility. Lung nodules usually appear in CT images as blob-like patterns and can be analyzed in the scale-space by Laplacian of Gaussian ( LoG ) kernels. For each nodular pattern the LoG scale-space signature was computed and the related characteristic scale adopted as measurement of nodule size. Both in vitro and in vivo validation of LoG characteristic scale were carried out. In vitro validation was done by 40 nondeformable phantoms and 10 deformable phantoms. A close relationship between the characteristic scale and the equivalent diameter, i.e., the diameter of the sphere having the same volume of nodules, (Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.99) and, for nodules undergoing little deformations (obtained at constant volume), small variability of the characteristic scale was observed. The in vivo validation was performed on low and standard-dose CT scans collected from the ITALUNG screening trial (86 nodules) and from the LIDC public data set (89 solid nodules and 40 part-solid nodules or ground-glass opacities). The Pearson correlation coefficient between characteristic scale and equivalent diameter was 0.83-0.93 for ITALUNG and 0.68-0.83 for LIDC data set. Intra- and inter-operator reproducibility of characteristic scale was excellent: on a set of 40 lung nodules of ITALUNG data, two radiologists produced identical results in repeated measurements. The scan-rescan variability of the characteristic scale was also investigated on 86 two-year-stable solid lung nodules (each one observed, on average, in four CT scans) identified in the ITALUNG screening trial: a coefficient of repeatability of about 0.9 mm was observed. Experimental evidence supports the clinical use of the LoG characteristic scale to measure nodule size in CT imaging.
Surface membrane glycoproteins of cultured human pancreatic cancer cells (1981)

The cell-surface glycoproteins and proteins of four human pancreatic cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, HS766T, and CAPAN-1) were separately tritiated using galactose oxidase/NaB(3H)4 and iodinated using lactoperoxidase/125I. Gel electrophoresis showed that the cell lines had very different surface components. All four cell lines were tested for cell-surface antigens that cross-reacted with antisera raised against carcinoembryonic antigen and against the membrane fractions of MIA Pa Ca-2 and CAPAN-1 cells. CAPAN-1 cells reacted most strongly with all three antisera. Seventeen cell-surface proteins can be detected when CAPAN-1 cells are labeled using lactoperoxidase. The labeled membranes were solubilized in detergent and subjected to affinity chromatography on Sepharose-conjugated lectins. The bound proteins were eluted and analyzed on gel electrophoresis . All 17 proteins capable of being labeled by lactoperoxidase bound to at least one lectin column, indicating they are all glycoproteins.
Sample size effect in coercivity measurement of epitaxial magnetic garnet films (1988)

The full set of characteristic parameters of epitaxial garnet films was measured as a function of the sample size from about 2000 to 5 mm2. The type of domain structure, width of the stripe domain period, characteristic material length, domain wall energy, and anisotropy did not change within the error of measurement on reducing the sample size. The bubble domain collapse field decreased by about 2.5%, and the domain wall coercivity was measured and found to have decreased—almost by an order of magnitude. The experiments showed the lack of dependence of coercivity on the domain wall length. The coercivity and collapse field are suggested as being related to the sample dimensions via the sample-size-dependent derivatives of the total free energy with respect to the domain wall positions. The assumption of the direct effect of the free energy derivatives on the coercivity is supported by a model experiment.
On the achievable coverage of rain field mapping using measurements from a given set of microwave links (2014)

Attempting to reconstruct rain maps using data which was obtained from Commercial Wireless Networks (CWN) has been widely studied in the past few years. Such rain maps are created via measurements from a given set of sensors and their ability to sense/detect rain in a given area depends on the specific set-up. In this paper we discuss the different problem, of detecting rain fields, using measurements from a given set of microwave links. By considering the process in which the CWN data is provided, and by exploiting the power law which describes the relation between the microwave signal attenuation and the rain rate per km, we develop an algorithm which generates maps depicting the minimal detectable rain rate. Given a functional description of a cloud profile, we may generate, for any given set of microwave links, a 2-D description (a map) which presents the minimal rain rate which such a set of links may detect. In other words, our algorithm generates maps which present the coverage of a given set of links.
외식기업의 간접광고(PPL)가 관여도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -커피 프랜차이즈를 중심으로- (2013)

The purpose of this study was to provide the Managers of Coffee Franchise Industry with basic materials for efficient product placement as well as to provide basic materials for manager of Coffee Franchise Industry`s which have not been studied sufficiently, by reviewing product placement, involvement, purchase intention of Coffee Franchise Industry`s to efficiently use costs which is the ultimate goal of the operating companies, and reviewing the influence of these recognition of product placement on the involvement and purchase intention. For the purpose of this study, empirical analysis using SPSS 18.0 was performed.
Reactivation of transcription from a vaccinia virus early promoter late in infection (1993)

We have studied the kinetics of RNA synthesis from the vaccinia virus 7,500-molecular-weight gene (7.5K gene) which is regulated by early and late promoters arranged in tandem. Unexpectedly, after a first burst of RNA synthesis early in infection, transcription was reactivated late in infection. Reactivation was not dependent on the location of the promoter in the genome or on the presence of the upstream late regulatory sequences. The mRNA synthesized from the reactivated promoter in the late phase had the same 5' and 3' ends as the molecules transcribed in the early phase. Interestingly, these molecules were efficiently translated despite the absence of the poly(A) leader characteristic of late mRNAs. Reactivation appears to be dependent on virus assembly since it is prevented by rifampin, a specific inhibitor of morphogenesis. Finally, analysis of various other early genes showed that reactivation is not unique to the 7.5K early promoter.
Development of catalysts for the hydroamination of olefins (2004)

Abstract Studies on the development of palladium, nickel, and rhodium catalysts for the hydroamination of dienes and vinylarenes are described. Enantioselective catalysts based on palladium have been developed for the addition of arylamines to dienes and for Markovnikov addition of arylamines to vinylarenes. In addition, nickel catalysts for the addition of aliphatic amines to dienes have been developed, and rhodium catalysts for the first transition metal-catalyzed aminations of vinylarenes that generate terminal amines as the major product are described. Mechanistic data on the hydroamination of vinylarenes with palladium and rhodium is also provided.
An effective guidance strategy for abstraction-guided simulation (2007)

Despite major advances in formal verification, simulation continues to be the dominant workhorse for functional verification. Abstraction-guided simulation has long been a promising framework for leveraging the power of formal techniques to help simulation reach difficult target states (assertion violations or coverage targets): model checking a smaller, abstracted version of the design avoids complexity blow-up, yet computes approximate distances from any state of the actual design to the target; these approximate distances are used during random simulation to guide the simulator. Unfortunately, the performance of previous work has been unreliable --- sometimes great, sometimes poor.
A UHF-Band Narrow-Band HTS Bandpass Filter With Wide Stopband Using Interdigital Structure (2013)

In this paper, a novel resonator with modified interdigital fingers and vertical meander line is proposed. This resonator has a high first spurious frequency and is suitable for the design of a narrow-band filter with a wide stopband. A compact narrow-band six-pole high-temperature superconducting filter at the ultrahigh-frequency band is successfully designed and fabricated with this resonator. The measured out-of-band rejection is better than 75 dB up to 2600 MHz, which is as high as 5.2 times of the fundamental frequency.
Potential emerging therapeutic strategies to prevent restenosis in the peripheral vasculature (2002)

Despite the availability of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies, recent advances in catheter and stent technology and improved operator skill, restenosis remains the most frequent problem associated with percutaneous and surgical revascularization interventions for both coronary and peripheral arterial disease. Prevention of restenosis in the coronary vasculature has been demonstrated with cilostazol, trapidil, probucol, tranilast, nitric oxide donors, and clopidogrel. Given the similarities in revascularization procedures and in the pathophysiology of restenosis, it is possible that these results may be extrapolated to the setting of restenosis in the peripheral vasculature, making trials with these agents imperative. Several new agents have shown promising preliminary results for the prevention of restenosis in the peripheral vasculature, including cilostazol, low-molecular-weight heparins, and elastase. Several nonpharmacologic treatment modalities are also under study to prevent peripheral and coronary restenosis and have shown favorable initial results. These include endovascular radiation brachytherapy, arterial gene therapy, photoangioplasty, and several novel treatment delivery systems.
Large-Scale Expression Analysis Reveals Distinct MicroRNA Profiles at Different Stages of Human Neurodevelopment (2010)

In the present study, we demonstrate that regulation of miRNAs occurs in precise patterns indicative of their roles in cell fate commitment, progenitor expansion and differentiation into neurons and glia. Furthermore, the similarity between our NT2 system and primary human cells suggests their roles in molecular pathways critical for human in vivo neurogenesis.
Advanced neural implants using thin-film polymers (2003)

BioMEMS devices can be designed to provide viable neural interfaces for long-term, high-density, two-way communication with selected areas of cerebral cortex. Prototype thin-film polymer implantable microelectrode arrays were developed to extend the microelectrode design space in several ways, including enhanced flexibility, engineered surfaces and coatings, and new types of microchannels. Prototype MEMS silicon microdevices were developed as microsurgical tools for reliably inserting the flexible polymer electrodes into the cerebral cortex. Hybrid polymer microdevices were also developed for neural recording and stimulation combined with micro-drug delivery.
Infrared rapid thermal annealing of Si-implanted GaAs (1982)

Conditions for post-implantation capless annealing of GaAs, called infrared rapid thermal annealing (IRTA) using halogen lamps, were investigated. Si-implanted GaAs (5×1012 cm−2, 150 keV) was annealed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100 °C for various annealing times. Annealed GaAs at 950 °C for 2–4 s shows about 75% electrical activation and 3700 cm2/Vs electron mobility without noticeable dopant diffusion and surface decomposition. Planar metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET’s) fabricated on the active layer formed by this annealing method show that the technique is promising as a post-implantation annealing method for the fabrication of GaAs MESFET’s and GaAs integrated circuits (IC’s).
TN3270 Enhancements (1994)

This document describes a protocol that more fully supports 3270 devices than do traditional tn3270 practices. Specifically, it defines a method of emulating both the terminal and printer members of the 3270 family of devices via Telnet; it provides for the ability of a Telnet client to request that it be assigned a specific devicename (also referred to as "LU name" or "network name"); finally, it adds support for a variety of functions such as the ATTN key, the SYSREQ key, and SNA response handling.
3DPO: A Three- Dimensional Part Orientation System (1986)

In this paper, we present a system that recognizes objects in a jumble, verifies them, and then determines some essential configurational information, such as which ones are on top. The approach is to use three-dimensional models of the objects to find them in range data. The matching strategy starts with a distinctive edge feature, such as the edge at the end of a cylindrical part, and then "grows" a match by add ing compatible features one at a time. (The order of features to be considered is predetermined by an interactive, off-line, feature-selection process.) Once a sufficient number of com patible features has been detected to allow a hypothesis to be formed, the verification procedure evaluates it by comparing the measured range data with data predicted according to the hypothesis. When all the objects in the scene have been hy pothesized and verified in this manner, a configuration- understanding procedure determines which objects are on top of others by analyzing the patterns of range data predicted from all the hypotheses. We also present experimental results of the system's performance in recognizing and locating castings in a bin.
Nonvolatile resistive switching memory based on amorphous carbon (2010)

Resistive memory effect has been found in carbon nanostructure-based devices by Standley et al. [Nano Lett. 8, 3345 (2008)]. Compared to nanostructures, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) has much more controllable preparation processes. Study on a-C:H-based memory is of great significance to applications of carbon-based electronic devices. We observed nonvolatile resistance memory behaviors in metal/a-C:H/Pt structures with device yield 90%, ON/OFF ratio &gt;100, and retention time &gt;105 s. Detailed analysis indicates that the resistive switching originates from the formation/rupture of metal filaments due to the diffusion of the top electrodes under a bias voltage.
Note on Jeremiah VIII. 22 (2012)

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Engineering properties of Novolac resin‐PMMA{poly(methyl methacrylate)} IPN system (2004)

Abstract Full and semi interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on phenol‐formaldehyde resin (Novolac) and poly(methyl methacrylate) have been made by in situ sequential technique of IPN formation. These systems of different compositions were characterized with respect to their mechanical properties, such as, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage elongation at break, modulus, and toughness. Thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Extent of phase mixing of the two polymers was envisaged from the micrographs obtained by polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The effects of variation of the blend ratios on the above‐mentioned properties were examined. There was a decreasing trend of modulus and UTS with consequent increases in elongation at break and toughness for both types of IPNs with increase in proportions of PMMA. Lowering of glass transition temperatures (with respect to pure crosslinked Novolac resin) of the IPNs with increasing proportions of PMMA was observed, indicating a plasticizing influence of PMMA on the rigid and brittle matrix of phenolic resin. The TGA thermograms exhibit lowering in thermal stability of the IPNs with respect to pure phenolic resin in the regions of higher temperatures. With increase in proportion of PMMA the onset of degradation of the IPNs is shifted towards lower temperature zone. The surface morphology as revealed by PLM indicates distribution of discrete domains of PMMA in the phenolic resin matrix. The two phase interfaces are quite sharp at higher concentrations of PMMA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2764–2774, 2004
Synthesis of RC active filters with prescribed pole sensitivity (1965)

By using complex conjugate phantom zeros located in the left half of the p plane, a prescribed pole sensitivity is realised. The pole sensitivity thus achieved can be much less than that attainable by means of Horowitz's or Herbst's decomposition of the denominator polynomial of a given second-order low-pass transfer function.It is shown that two possible solutions for the co-ordinates of the phantom zeros exist depending on the directions along which the poles of the transfer function tend to migrate as a result of parameter variations.For the realisation of the phantom zeros two configurations are considered, one of which involves a voltage amplifier and the other involves a current amplifier. In both cases, shunt feedback is applied to the amplifier by means of an RC 2-port network which realises the complex conjugate phantom zeros.Two illustrative examples are included.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF FOREIGN ACCENT FOR AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION (2007)

International audience
Vaccination against paratuberculosis of lambs already infected experimentally with<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subspecies<i>paratuberculosis</i> (2000)

Vaccination of lambs with live-attenuated vaccine 2 weeks after oral inoculation with M a paratuberculosis stimulated the host response against the organism and led to a reduced mycobacterial burden. The diminished IFN-gamma responses in experimentally infected sheep with acid-fast organisms suggest a positive relationship between the magnitude of the systemic cell-mediated immune response and an animal's ability to control infection.
Associations between Genetic Polymorphisms of Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis Genes and Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2011)

These data suggest a role of IGF1R on the risk for advanced AMD in this group of subjects.