gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Inference Rules for Max-SAT (2007)

Exact Max-SAT solvers, compared with SAT solvers, apply little inference at each node of the proof tree. Commonly used SAT inference rules like unit propagation produce a simplified formula that preserves satisfiability but, unfortunately, solving the Max-SAT problem for the simplified formula is not equivalent to solving it for the original formula. In this paper, we define a number of original inference rules that, besides being applied efficiently, transform Max-SAT instances into equivalent Max-SAT instances which are easier to solve. The soundness of the rules, that can be seen as refinements of unit resolution adapted to Max-SAT, are proved in a novel and simple way via an integer programming transformation. With the aim of finding out how powerful the inference rules are in practice, we have developed a new Max-SAT solver, called MaxSatz, which incorporates those rules, and performed an experimental investigation. The results provide empirical evidence that MaxSatz is very competitive, at least, on random Max-2SAT, random Max-3SAT, Max-Cut, and Graph 3-coloring instances, as well as on the benchmarks from the Max-SAT Evaluation 2006.
Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease (2003)

Topical ALA-PDT is more effective than topical 5-FU in the treatment of BD, with fewer adverse events. ALA-PDT should be considered one of the first-line therapeutic options for BD.
A Wideband GAAS 6-Bit True-Time Delay MMIC Employing On-Chip Digital Drivers (2000)

This paper describes a 2-20 GHz 6-bit True-Time Delay. A total equivalent electrical length in air of 43.5 mm (145 ps) is achieved over a 2-20 GHz bandwidth. Digital drivers and a serial-to-parallel converter are integrated on the same MMIC. The ED02AH 0.2 μm PHEMT process from OMMIC is used. The time delay elements are realised using constant-R networks. The three smallest bits make use of a self-switched version of the constant-R networks while the 3 largest bits use a topology with single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches and constant-R networks in the delay path. Measurement results for a typical chip are presented.
The revised ARPANET routing metric (1989)

The ARPANET routing metric was revised in July 1987, resulting in substantial performance improvements, especially in terms of user delay and effective network capacity. These revisions only affect the individual link costs (or metrics) on which the PSN (packet switching node) bases its routing decisions. They do not affect the SPF (“shortest path first”) algorithm employed to compute routes (installed in May 1979). The previous link metric was packet delay averaged over a ten second interval, which performed effectively under light-to-moderate traffic conditions. However, in heavily loaded networks it led to routing instabilities and wasted link and processor bandwidth.
Thermal Simulation of In‐Reactor Microstructures in ThO <sub>2</sub> ‐UO <sub>2</sub> (1967)

A device was built to provide the capability for out‐reactor simulation of the microstructures seen in irradiated fuel. Out‐reactor simulation of nuclear heating makes possible the precise measurement of temperature gradients in the fuel and provides data for correlating microstructural alterations with temperature. The simulation apparatus was designed to produce controlled thermal gradients sufficient to produce both equiaxed and columnar grain growth in the specimens. Provision was made for calorimetric measurements from which thermal conductance could be determined. Micro‐structural alterations in UO 2 and ThO 2 ‐UO 2 materials were achieved, and thermal conductivity data were recorded. Microstructural alterations in the ThO 2 ‐10 wt% UO 2 specimens were similar to those that other investigators have observed in UO 2 at lower temperatures.
Substitutions at the cofactor phosphate-binding site of a clostridial alcohol dehydrogenase lead to unexpected changes in substrate specificity (2015)

Changing the cofactor specificity of an enzyme from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate (NADPH) to the more abundant NADH is a common strategy for increasing overall enzyme efficiency in microbial metabolic engineering. The aim of this study was to switch the cofactor specificity of the primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium autoethanogenum, a bacterium with considerable promise for the bio-manufacturing of fuels and other petrochemicals, from strictly NADPH-dependent to NADH-dependent. We used insights from a homology model to build a site-saturation library focussed on residue S199, the position deemed most likely to disrupt binding of the 2'-phosphate of NADPH. Although the CaADH(S199X) library did not yield any NADH-dependent enzymes, it did reveal that substitutions at the cofactor phosphate-binding site can cause unanticipated changes in the substrate specificity of the enzyme. Using consensus-guided site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to create an enzyme that was stringently NADH-dependent, albeit with a concomitant reduction in activity. This study highlights the role that distal residues play in substrate specificity and the complexity of enzyme-cofactor interactions.
Emerging Roles of MicroRNAs in EGFR-Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer (2015)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Several molecular pathways underlying mechanisms of this disease have been partly elucidated, among which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is one of the well-known signaling cascades that plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the EGFR signaling is frequently found in lung cancer. The strategies to effectively inhibit EGFR signaling pathway have been mounted for developing anticancer therapeutic agents. However, most anti-EGFR-targeted agents fail to repress cancer progression because of developing drug-resistance. Therefore, studies of the mechanisms underpinning the resistance toward anti-EGFR agents may provide important findings for lung cancer treatment using anti-EGFR therapies. Recently, increasing numbers of miRNAs are correlated with the drug resistance of lung cancer cells to anti-EGFR agents, indicating that miRNAs may serve as novel targets and/or promising predictive biomarkers for anti-EGFR therapy. In this paper, we summarize the emerging role of miRNAs as regulators to modulate the EGFR signaling and the resistance of lung cancer cells to anti-EGFR therapy. We also highlight the evidence supporting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for response to anti-EGFR agents and as novel therapeutic targets to circumvent the resistance of lung cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors.
Use of antihypertensives and the risk of Parkinson disease (2008)

Current long-term use of calcium channel blockers was associated with a significantly reduced risk of a Parkinson disease diagnosis, while the risk was not materially altered for users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or beta-blockers and, with less statistical precision, for users of angiotensin II antagonists.
Learning Robust Deep Face Representation (2015)

With the development of convolution neural network, more and more researchers focus their attention on the advantage of CNN for face recognition task. In this paper, we propose a deep convolution network for learning a robust face representation. The deep convolution net is constructed by 4 convolution layers, 4 max pooling layers and 2 fully connected layers, which totally contains about 4M parameters. The Max-Feature-Map activation function is used instead of ReLU because the ReLU might lead to the loss of information due to the sparsity while the Max-Feature-Map can get the compact and discriminative feature vectors. The model is trained on CASIA-WebFace dataset and evaluated on LFW dataset. The result on LFW achieves 97.77% on unsupervised setting for single net.
[Opiate reception in the rat brain: the effect of chronic consumption of alcohol and reaferon]. (1993)

Binding properties of opiate receptors were studied in brain tissue of alcoholized rats after administration of the interferon-derived drug reaferon using equilibrium radioreceptor assay. Chronic alcohol intoxication was accompanied by a decrease in affinity of opiate mu-receptors for ligands in the animals with alcohol intoxication and ethanol withdrawal. Alterations in parameters of delta-reception and in content of mu-receptors were not found. Daily administration of reaferon at a dose of 10(4) U within 1.5 month did not affect these impairments, observed in rats, studied in intoxication. However, the drug reduced completely the alcohol effect on receptors during the withdrawal period. Possible normalizing effects of reaferon on the state of opiate receptors are discussed.
Characterization of Three Classes of Membrane Proteins Involved in Fungal Azole Resistance by Functional Hyperexpression in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

The study of eukaryotic membrane proteins has been hampered by a paucity of systems that achieve consistent high-level functional protein expression. We report the use of a modified membrane protein hyperexpression system to characterize three classes of fungal membrane proteins (ABC transporters Pdr5p, CaCdr1p, CaCdr2p, CgCdr1p, CgPdh1p, CkAbc1p, and CneMdr1p, the major facilitator superfamily transporter CaMdr1p, and the cytochrome P450 enzyme CaErg11p) that contribute to the drug resistance phenotypes of five pathogenic fungi and to express human P glycoprotein (HsAbcb1p). The hyperexpression system consists of a set of plasmids that direct the stable integration of a single copy of the expression cassette at the chromosomal PDR5 locus of a modified host Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, ADDelta. Overexpression of heterologous proteins at levels of up to 29% of plasma membrane protein was achieved. Membrane proteins were expressed with or without green fluorescent protein (GFP), monomeric red fluorescent protein, His, FLAG/His, Cys, or His/Cys tags. Most GFP-tagged proteins tested were correctly trafficked within the cell, and His-tagged proteins could be affinity purified. Kinetic analysis of ABC transporters indicated that the apparent K(m) value and the V(max) value of ATPase activities were not significantly affected by the addition of His tags. The efflux properties of seven fungal drug pumps were characterized by their substrate specificities and their unique patterns of inhibition by eight xenobiotics that chemosensitized S. cerevisiae strains overexpressing ABC drug pumps to fluconazole. The modified hyperexpression system has wide application for the study of eukaryotic membrane proteins and could also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening.
Identification of Genes Affecting Lipid Content Using Transposon Mutagenesis in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

Genes involved in lipid accumulation were identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using transposon insertion mutagenesis. Five ORFs, such as SNF2, IRA2, PRE9, PHO90, and SPT21 were found from the analysis of the insertion sites in transposon insertion mutants with higher lipid content. Since these ORFs are not directly involved in storage lipid biosynthesis, we speculate that they are involved in carbon fluxes into storage lipids in response to nutrient conditions. Lipid analysis of disruptants of these ORFs indicated that the Deltasnf2, and Deltaira2 disruptants had significantly higher lipid content. Cultivation in a nitrogen-limited medium increased the lipid content in all disruptants, among which the Deltapre9 disruptant was the most sensitive to nitrogen limitation. We then focused on the Deltasnf2 disruptant due to its higher lipid content and its function as a regulator of phospholipid synthesis. Lipid class analysis indicated that triacylglycerol and free fatty acids contributed to the increase in total lipids of the Deltasnf2 disruptant. The addition of exogenous fatty acids was not so effective at increasing the lipid content in the Deltasnf2 disruptant as it was in the wild type. It should be noticed that exogenous free linoleic acid was much higher in the Deltasnf2 disruptant than in the wild type, as in the case of endogenous free fatty acids. In addition, the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into cells increased in the disruptant, suggesting that fatty acid transporters were regulated by SNF2. The results suggest that metabolic fluxes into storage lipids, which are activated in the Deltasnf2 disruptant, is repressed by the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids. They provide new insight into the biosynthesis of storage lipids in yeast.
OPC : From Data Access to Unified Architecture (2010)

Twenty obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and comparison samples of 20 schizophrenia and 20 nonpsychiatric individuals were presented with (a) a step-ramp task designed to measure smooth pursuit initiation and (b) a regular ramp task designed to measure steady-state tracking performance. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and non-psychiatric individuals had statistically similar pursuit reaction time and average eye accelerations during the open-loop interval. They also had similar closed-loop performance. Schizophrenia patients, however, had delayed pursuit reaction times and reduced eye acceleration during the last 60 ms of the open-loop interval. These findings suggest that brain regions supporting smooth pursuit performance are unimpaired among obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Furthermore, the deficits found in the schizophrenia patients replicate and extend the results of previous smooth pursuit studies.
A rapid and specific method for isolation of thiol-containing peptides from large proteins by thiol-disulfide exchange on a solid support. (1975)

Activated thiol-Sepharose [agarose-(glutathione-2-pyridyl disulfide) conjugate] has been used to immobilize proteins with a single or a few thiol groups via disulfide bridges. The immobilized proteins were subsequently proteolytically degraded. After washing, the thiol-containing peptides were eluted with a reducing agent. A single preparative paper electrophoresis, occasionally after a modification such as oxidation, was sufficient to obtain pure peptides in good yields. The method was applied to the major parvalbumin from hake muscle (a protein with 108 amino acid residues and one cysteine residue), to mercaptalbumin from bovine serum (565 residues and one cysteine), and to human serum ferroxidase [EC 1.16.3.1; iron (II):oxygen oxidoreductase] (ceruloplasmin) (1065 residues and three cysteines). The use of the technique, e.g., as a simple means of obtaining homologous peptides in related proteins, is discussed.
Terpenoids. Part XXVIII. Total synthesis of enmein (1974)

The total synthesis of enmein (1) is reported. The diol acetal, ent-3β,20-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-norkaurane-6α,16α-diol (3) was used as the important relay compound.
History of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America (1966)

History of the Late War between Great Britain and the United States of America by David\nThompson, late of the Royal Scots, Niagara U.C. , 1832. There is an inscription in the front of the\nbook which says “[illegible] Nelles, Grimsby and it is signed by Joseph Williams [?]” The book is\nstained from dampness, but this does not affect the text, 1832.
Emerging Topic Tracking System (2002)

We designed a system that track the changes to a particular area of a user's interests on the World Wide Web and to generate a summary of emerging topics back to the user. This system consists of three main components, which are the Area View System, the Web Spider and the Summary Generator. The Area View System, as a meta-search engine, directs the user's keywords to a commercial search engine, obtains the hits, performs further analysis and derives a number of most relevant domain sites. Then, the Web Spider dispatches and scans all these domains at a certain time interval to collect all the modified and newly added HTML pages. Lastly, the Summary Generator extracts all the newly added sentences or changes from the collected HTML pages and then counts the term weights in the changes by adapting a newly innovated algorithm called TF*PDF (Term Frequency * Proportional Document Frequency). The terms that deem to explain the emerging topic are heavily weighted. The sentences with the highest average weight are extracted to form a summary of emerging topics. We refer to our system as the Emerging Topic Tracking System (ETTS).
A delay distribution squeezing scheme with speed-adaptive threshold-voltage CMOS (SA-Vt CMOS) for low voltage LSIs (1998)

In a speed-adaptive threshold-voltage CMOS (SA-Vt CMOS) circuit, the substrate bias is controlled so that delay in the circuit stays constant. Distributions of device speeds are squeezed under fast-operation conditions. With a ring oscillator using 0.25-µm CMOS devices as a test circuit, we found that the worst-case operating frequency was improved from 20 MHz to 55 MHz, and the fluctuation of the operating frequency was suppressed from 44 % to 15 % while the supply-voltage variation was under 0.1 V with a 1.8 V supply voltage.
Some N-Substituted Dimethoxyphenylacetamides and Dimethoxyphenylethylamines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome N-Substituted Dimethoxyphenylacetamides and DimethoxyphenylethylaminesC. G. Stuckwisch and Janice S. HilliardCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 734–735Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00329a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The critical role of point defects in improving the specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanosheets (2017)

3D porous nanostructures built from 2D δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets are an environmentally friendly and industrially scalable class of supercapacitor electrode material. While both the electrochemistry and defects of this material have been studied, the role of defects in improving the energy storage density of these materials has not been addressed. In this work, δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheet assemblies with 150 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> specific surface area are prepared by exfoliation of crystalline K<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub> and subsequent reassembly. Equilibration at different pH introduces intentional Mn vacancies into the nanosheets, increasing pseudocapacitance to over 300 F g<sup>-1</sup>, reducing charge transfer resistance as low as 3 Ω, and providing a 50% improvement in cycling stability. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering demonstrate a correlation between the defect content and the improved electrochemical performance. The results show that Mn vacancies provide ion intercalation sites which concurrently improve specific capacitance, charge transfer resistance and cycling stability.
Wiggins on Sets and Essence (1983)

Wiggins on Sets and Essence Get access GRAEME FORBES GRAEME FORBES DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY, TULANE UNIVERSITYNEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70188, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XCII, Issue 365, January 1983, Pages 114–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCII.365.114 Published: 01 January 1983
Foreground segmentation of live videos using locally competing 1SVMs (2011)

The objective of foreground segmentation is to extract the desired foreground object from input videos. Over the years there have been significant amount of efforts on this topic, nevertheless there still lacks a simple yet effective algorithm that can process live videos of objects with fuzzy boundaries captured by freely moving cameras. This paper presents an algorithm toward this goal. The key idea is to train and maintain two competing one-class support vector machines (1SVMs) at each pixel location, which model local color distributions for foreground and background, respectively. We advocate the usage of two competing local classifiers, as it provides higher discriminative power and allows better handling of ambiguities. As a result, our algorithm can deal with a variety of videos with complex backgrounds and freely moving cameras with minimum user interactions. In addition, by introducing novel acceleration techniques and by exploiting the parallel structure of the algorithm, realtime processing speed is achieved for VGA-sized videos.
Effect of some new beta-adrenergic blocking agents on certain metabolic responses to catecholamines. (1965)

Two new β-adrenergic blocking agents, MJ 1999 [4- (2-isopropylamino - 1 - hydroxyethyl)- methanesulfonanilide HC1] and MJ 1998 [4-(2-methylamino-1-hydroxypropyl)methanesulfon- anilide HCl] inhibited hyperglycemia and elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) induced by exogenous epinephrine or norepinephrine in the dog. MJ 1999 was the more potent agent and on occasion it alone was effective when isoproterenol was employed as the exogenous amine. The l -isomer of MJ 1999 was about 20 to 30 times more potent than the d - isomer in preventing epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia or hyperlipemia. The hyperkalemia resulting from epinephrine injection in the dog was not inhibited by effective antihyperglycemic dosage levels of MJ 1999.

In rats MJ 1999 inhibited the hyperglycemia evoked by epinephrine and isoproterenol. MJ 1998 inhibited only epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. Neither drug affected the elevation of plasma FFA. In contrast to their lack of activity on FFA release in the intact rat, both agents inhibited catecholamine-induced release of FFA from isolated rat adipose tissue. In the rat MJ 1999 prevented the increase in active myocardial phosphorylase elicited by exogenous isoproterenol.

Comparative studies in rats and dogs showed pronethalol to be less active but similar in antihyperglycemic capabilities to M. J 1999. Pronethalol in all experiments produced marked and persistent increases in FFA precluding detection of any antihyperlipemic action it might possess.
Cloud computing privacy concerns on our doorstep (2010)

Privacy and confidentiality issues in cloud-based conference management systems reflect more universal themes.
Flip-chip GaN LED with Highly Reflective Ag P-contact (1998)

GaN blue LEDs using a sapphire substrate were first introduced in 1981 [1]. One of the differences between GaN LEDs and previous LEDs is that the p-contact and n-contact are located on the same surface of the LED chip.