gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Ids in Allergy: Timeliness of a Classic Concept (2010)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) are part of natural immune responses with regulatory capacity. Their effect on an antigen-specific, so-called Ab1 antibody response, is dependent on 1) the original antigen, which they mirror, being Ab2 antibodies, and 2) their isotype. In the case of IgE-mediated allergy, natural anti-ids against allergen-specific IgE represent internal images of allergen molecules. A key biologic feature of allergens is that they can crosslink IgE, expressed by B-lymphocytes or passively bound via high affinity receptors to effector cells, which renders cellular activation. Therefore, the IgE cross linking capability of anti-ids determines whether they dampen or enhance immediate-type hypersensitivity. Correspondingly to classic antiallergen blocking IgG antibodies, anti-ids may also interact with inhibitory FcγRIIb receptors and, thereby, down-regulate T(H)2-type inflammation. Anti-ids and other B-cell epitope mimetics, like mimotopes and DARPins, represent antigen surrogates, which can be used for vaccination. Intriguingly, they may induce antibody responses without activating potentially proinflammatory, antiallergen T-lymphocytes. Taken together, collective evidence suggests that anti-ids, although representing immunologic classics, are a timeless concept in allergology.
High level synthesis with testability constraints (1994)

In this paper, a new approach to high-level synthesis testability evaluation is introduced. This approach consists of two phases: abstraction and propagation. In the abstraction phase, the function's primitive testability measures are abstracted from their oBDD representation. Then, the testability measure is propagated to evaluate data path testability and used in the synthesis for testability process. The choice of a testable design and the modification of a data flow during or after the scheduling and allocation phases are shown to be efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ancilla-driven universal blind quantum computation (2013)

Blind quantum computation is a new quantum secure protocol, which enables Alice who does not have enough quantum technology to delegate her computation to Bob who has a fully fledged quantum power without revealing her input, output, and algorithm. So far, blind quantum computation has been considered only for the circuit model and the measurement-based model. Here we consider the possibility and the limitation of blind quantum computation in the ancilla-driven model, which is a hybrid of the circuit and the measurement-based models.
EU (European Union) accession of central and eastern Europe : bridging the income gap (1997)

Joining the European Union (EU) is perhaps the key political and economic objective of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as they approach the 21st century. But how successful the CEE countries are in achieving this goal depends not only on how well and quickly they adapt their legal and regulatory systems to EU requirements but on how well and quickly the bridge they wide income gaps between CEE and EU countries. Using a model and cross-sectional data to develop estimates, the authors investigate how appropriate structural policies adopted before and after accession to the EU can help CEE countries bridge this income gap. They have much to gain from implementing policies that increase investment, support the development of human capital, and promote the legal, regulatory, and policy framework needed for market mechanisms to function, the faster they implement such changes, the faster they will bridge the income gap between them and the EU countries - and the more likely their accession to the EU will be successful.
Depletion of phosphatidylethanolamine affects secretion of <i>Escherichia coli</i> alkaline phosphatase and its transcriptional expression (2001)

In this report we demonstrate that depletion of the major phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine, a single non-bilayer forming phospholipid of Escherichia coli, significantly reduces the secretion efficiency of alkaline phosphatase in vivo. Secretion, however, is correlated with the content in membranes of cardiolipin, which in combination with selected divalent cations has a strong tendency to adopt a non-bilayer state indicating the possible involvement of lipid polymorphism in efficient protein secretion. Depletion of this zwitterionic phospholipid also inhibits expression of the protein controlled by the endogenous P(PHO) promoter but not the P(BAD) promoter, which is suggested to be due to the effect of unbalanced phospholipid composition on the orthophosphate signal transduction system (Pho regulon) through an effect on its membrane bound sensor.
A CMOS Power-Efficient Low-Noise Current-Mode Front-End Amplifier for Neural Signal Recording (2013)

In this paper, a new current-mode front-end amplifier (CMFEA) for neural signal recording systems is proposed. In the proposed CMFEA, a current-mode preamplifier with an active feedback loop operated at very low frequency is designed as the first gain stage to bypass any dc offset current generated by the electrode-tissue interface and to achieve a low high-pass cutoff frequency below 0.5 Hz. No reset signal or ultra-large pseudo resistor is required. The current-mode preamplifier has low dc operation current to enhance low-noise performance and decrease power consumption. A programmable current gain stage is adopted to provide adjustable gain for adaptive signal scaling. A following current-mode filter is designed to adjust the low-pass cutoff frequency for different neural signals. The proposed CMFEA is designed and fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS technology and the area of the core circuit is 0.076 mm(2). The measured high-pass cutoff frequency is as low as 0.3 Hz and the low-pass cutoff frequency is adjustable from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The measured maximum current gain is 55.9 dB. The measured input-referred current noise density is 153 fA /√Hz , and the power consumption is 13 μW at 1-V power supply. The fabricated CMFEA has been successfully applied to the animal test for recording the seizure ECoG of Long-Evan rats.
Surgical Navigation with a Head-Mounted Tracking System and Display (2013)

We present the design of a self-contained head-mounted surgical navigation system, which consists of an optical tracking system and an optical see-through head-mounted display (HMD). While the current prototype is bulky, we envision a more compact solution via the eventual integration of the tracking camera(s) into the HMD goggles. Rather than attempting to accurately overlay preoperative models onto the field of view, we adopted a simpler approach of displaying a small "picture-in-picture" virtual view in the HMD. We believe this approach will provide suitable assistance for some image-guided procedures, such as tumor resection, while improving the ergonomics by reducing the need for the surgeon to look away from the patient to view an external monitor. We report the results of initial experiments performed with this system, while preparing for a more clinically realistic study.
Inhibition of MEK1 Signaling Pathway in the Liver Ameliorates Insulin Resistance (2015)

Although mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) is a key signaling molecule and a negative regulator of insulin action, it is still uncertain whether MEK can be a therapeutic target for amelioration of insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vivo. To clarify whether MEK inhibition improves T2D, we examined the effect of continuous MEK inhibition with two structurally different MEK inhibitors, RO5126766 and RO4987655, in mouse models of T2D. RO5126766 and RO4987655 were administered via dietary admixture. Both compounds decreased blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in doses sufficient to sustain inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation downstream of MEK in insulin-responsive tissues in db/db mice. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test showed increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) in db/db mice treated with these compounds, and about 60% of the increase was attributed to the inhibition of endogenous glucose production, suggesting that the liver is responsible for the improvement of IR. By means of adenovirus-mediated Mek1 shRNA expression, we confirmed that blood glucose levels are reduced by suppression of MEK1 expression in the liver of db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggested that the MEK signaling pathway could be a novel therapeutic target for novel antidiabetic agents.
Structure of the O-specific, sialic acid containing polysaccharide chain and its linkage to the core region in lipopolysaccharide from Hafnia alvei strain 2 as elucidated by chemical methods, gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and proton NMR spectroscopy (1991)

Mild acid hydrolysis of Hafnia alvei strain 2 lipopolysaccharide released no O-specific polysaccharide but instead gave a monomeric octasaccharide repeating unit with N-acetylneuraminic acid as the reducing terminus. In addition, a dimer of the octasaccharide repeating unit, and also a decasaccharide composed of a fragment of the O-specific polysaccharide chain and the core region, were obtained in minute amounts. On the basis of the sugar and methylation analyses, periodate oxidation, and 1H NMR spectroscopy of the lipopolysaccharide hydrolytic products, the biological repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide was shown to be a branched octasaccharide: (Formula; see text) The linkage between the O-specific polysaccharide chain and core region has also been determined and has yield strong evidence that N-acetylneuraminic acid is an inherent lipopolysaccharide component. The lipopolysaccharide of H. alvei strain 2 is the first lipopolysaccharide reported to contain 4-substituted neuraminic acid in its O-specific polysaccharide region.
Salivary Enhancement Therapies (2004)

When salivary output is reduced chronically to a significant extent, there is a marked increase in dental caries. As the role of saliva in protection of the oral hard tissue is well recognized, there have long been efforts to enhance salivary function in conditions with associated secretory hypofunction. The rationale is that by stimulating salivary output, caries and other oral complications will be reduced or eliminated. The most widely used method for increasing salivary function is a combination of masticatory and gustatory stimulation. A large number of systemic agents have also been proposed as secretagogues, but only a few have shown consistent salivary enhancing properties in well-designed, controlled trials. Pilocarpine has been shown to improve symptoms of oral dryness and to increase salivary output in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and postradiation xerostomia. Recently, cevimeline has shown significant salivary enhancement in Sjögren's syndrome. Pilocarpine and cevimeline have a similar mechanism of action, side effect profile and duration of activity. No secretagogues have been linked directly in clinical trials to either caries prevention or a reduction in the existing caries rate of salivary dysfunction patients. Improved secretagogues are needed, with fewer side effects, increased duration of activity and greater potency. Future research directions include gene therapeutic approaches to direct salivary growth and differentiation or modify remaining tissues to promote secretion, creation of a biocompatible artificial salivary gland and salivary transplantation. With improved secretagogues, the effects of conditions that result in reduced salivary function and increased caries will be ameliorated.
Design, implementation, and characterization of a hybrid optical interconnect for a four-stage free-space optical backplane demonstrator (1998)

A four-stage unidirectional ring free-space optical interconnect system was designed, analyzed, implemented, and characterized. The optical system was used within a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-self-electro-optic-effect-device-based optical backplane demonstrator that was designed to fit into a standard VME chassis. This optical interconnect was a hybrid microlens-macrolens system, in which the microlens relays were arranged in a maximum lens-to-waist configuration to route the optical beams from the optical power supply to the transceiver arrays, while the macrolens optical relays were arranged in a telecentric configuration to route optical signal beams from stage to stage. The following aspects of the optical system design are discussed: the optical parameters for the hybrid optical system, the image mapping of the two-dimensional array of optical beams from stage to stage, the alignment tolerance of the hybrid relay system, and the power budget of the overall optical interconnect. The implementation of the optical system, including the characterization of optical components, subsystem prealignment, and final system assembly, is presented. The two-dimensional array of beams for the stage-to-stage interconnect was adjusted with a rotational error of <0.05 degrees and a lateral offset error of <3.5 mum. The measured throughput is in good agreement with the lower-bound predictions obtained in the theoretical results, with an optical power throughput of -20.2 dB from the fiber input of the optical power supply to the modulator array and -25.5 dB from the fiber input to the detector plane.
The Handle of Substation Remote Terminal Unit Configuration (2010)

The Handle of Substation Remote Terminal Unit Configuration The remote control and supervision of electrical power transmission system is the balanced system between electricity generating and consuming, taking the responsibility for the stability of power supply consuming. The device to be responsible for above-mentioned tasks is a Remote Terminal Unit with faultless proper configuration.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a New Monocyclic β-Lactam as a potential biological active compound (2005)

The asymmetric synthesis of monocyclic β-lactams belong to five categories: a) asymmetric induction from the imine component; b) asymmetric induction from the ketene component; c) double stereodifferentiating cycloadditions; d) carbacephem intermediates and e) 2-oxaisocephems and 2-isocephems.[...]
Avian Influenza (H5N1) Susceptibility and Receptors in Dogs (2007)

Inoculation of influenza (H5N1) into beagles resulted in virus excretion and rapid seroconversion with no disease. Binding studies that used labeled influenza (H5N1) showed virus attachment to higher and lower respiratory tract tissues. Thus, dogs that are subclinically infected with influenza (H5N1) may contribute to virus spread.
Blistering behavior in Mo/Si multilayers (2011)

This paper is concerned with mapping the characteristics of blistering induced on Mo/Si multilayers as a result of irradiation by hydrogen species generated in a thermal capillary cracker. The nature and extent of the damage observed is dependent on exposure conditions such as the sample temperature, the hydrogen isotope used and the total fluence. Increasing the sample temperature leads to fewer but larger blisters. When D<sub>2</sub> is used as the working gas, blisters are ~5 times smaller in diameter than in the case of H<sub>2</sub> exposure, but more blisters are formed. Increasing the gas flow induces more and bigger blisters and blisters were observed to develop in two distinct size distributions.
Investment analysis and price formation in securities markets (1995)

This paper investigates the relation between the number of analysts following a security and the estimated adverse selection cost of transacting in the security, controlling for the effects of previously identified determinants of liquidity. Using intraday data for the year 1988, we find that greater analyst following tends to reduce adverse selection costs based on the Kyle (1985) notion of market depth. This result is consistent with the analysis of Admati and Pfleiderer (1988). Estimates of structural parameters of a version of the Admati and Pfleiderer model of endogenous information acquisition provide qualified support for the model.
Analysis and Detection of Forced Oscillation in Power System (2016)

To mitigate forced oscillation and avoid confusion with modal oscillation, fundamentals of forced oscillation in multimachine power system are investigated. First, the explicit formulation of the oscillation is formulated in terms of forced disturbances and system mode shapes. Then, forced oscillation amplitude, components and envelope are intensively studied. Consequently, measures for mitigating the oscillation are obtained. Forced oscillation can also be effectively detected and discriminated from modal oscillation by utilizing its uniqueness of components properties and envelope shapes. Study results of the 10-machine 39-bus New England test system and a real-life power system demonstrate the correctness of theoretical analyses and effectiveness of detection methods for forced oscillation.
Wind turbine gust estimation using remote sensing data (2014)

The offshore wind energy industry is experiencing sustained growth as governments around the world look to secure low-carbon sources of energy. In order to capture more energy from the wind, larger turbines are being designed, leading to the structures becoming increasingly vulnerable to damage caused by violent gusts of wind. Advance knowledge of such gusts will enable turbine control systems to take preventative action, reducing the cost of turbine maintenance. Therefore, in this paper we present a methodology to estimate the velocity profile of an oncoming wind field, given only limited spatio-temporal measurements from typical light detection and ranging (LiDAR) instruments, mounted on the turbine nacelle. The main contribution of this paper lies in the derivation of a simplified deterministic model of atmospheric boundary-layer flows, based on the Navier-Stokes equations, that enables subsequent implementation of an unscented Kalman Filter. Results are presented that compare the accuracy of the estimated wind field to actual wind-data produced from large eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐GLYCOSYL NUCLEOSIDES. VIII. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐METHYLSHOWDOMYCIN (1976)

Abstract Aus 2‐Brompropionamid (I) entsteht das Phosphoniumsalz (II), das mit 1,5‐Diazabicyclo[4,3,]= non‐5‐en (DBN) zum Ylid (III) umgesetzt werden kann.
The personal information revolution: from portable computing to the intelligent pocket assistant (2002)

The advent of pocket computing will create many new opportunities and dramatically affect the way in which people create and organize their personal information. Success of new applications will depend upon the ease with which information can be entered, organized, retrieved, and reorganized as needed. The essence of the pocket computer will be the way in which it manipulates and presents information with relatively few commands from the user. Ideally, the unit should understand what the user wants, even when these objectives are imprecisely stated. Various forms of intelligent assistance will be found to be desirable or even essential. These opportunities are explored from the information and service perspective. Several forms of intelligent assistance which will be desirable or even essential for the use of such an intelligent pocket assistant are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complex valued recurrent neural networks for noncircular complex signals (2009)

This paper uses new developments in the statistics of complex variable and recent results on the duality between the bivariate and complex calculus to provide a unified design of complex valued temporal neural networks. For generality, the case of recurrent neural networks is addressed in detail, as they simplify into feedforward networks upon cancellation of the feedback. The use of CopfRopf calculus provides a convenient framework for the calculation of gradients of real functions of complex variables (cost functions) which do not obey the Cauchy-Riemann conditions. Further, the analysis is based on so called augmented complex statistics, to provide a rigorous treatment of complex noncircularity and nonlinearity, thus avoiding the deficiencies inherent in several mathematical shortcuts typically used in the treatment of complex random signals. The complex models addressed in this work, are based on widely linear nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA) models and are shown to be suitable for processing the generality of complex signals, both second order circular (proper) and noncircular (improper).
HandMark Menus (2016)

Command selection on large multi-touch surfaces can be difficult, because the large surface means that there are few landmarks to help users build up familiarity with controls. However, people's hands and fingers are landmarks that are always present when interacting with a touch display. To explore the use of hands as landmarks, we designed two hand-centric techniques for multi-touch displays -- one allowing 42 commands, and one allowing 160 -- and tested them in an empirical comparison against standard tab widgets. We found that the small version (HandMark-Fingers) was significantly faster at all stages of use, and that the large version (HandMark-Multi) was slower at the start but equivalent to tabs after people gained experience with the technique. There was no difference in error rates, and participants strongly preferred both of the HandMark menus over tabs. We demonstrate that people's intimate knowledge of their hands can be the basis for fast and feasible interaction techniques that can improve the performance and usability of interactive tables and other multi-touch systems.
Impairment of macrophage functions after ingestion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes or isolated malarial pigment. (1992)

Human monocyte-derived macrophages ingest diamide-treated red blood cells (RBC), anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig)G-opsonized RBC, or Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasitized RBC (RPRBC), degrade ingested hemoglobin rapidly, and can repeat the phagocytic cycle. Monocytes fed with trophozoite-parasitized RBC (TPRBC), which contain malarial pigment, or fed with isolated pigment are virtually unable to degrade the ingested material and to repeat the phagocytic cycle. Monocytes fed with pigment display a long-lasting oxidative burst that does not occur when they phagocytose diamide-treated RBC or RPRBC. The phorbol myristate acetate-elicited oxidative burst is irreversibly suppressed in monocytes fed with TPRBC or pigment, but not in monocytes fed with diamide-treated or IgG-opsonized RBC. This pattern of inhibition of phagocytosis and oxidative burst suggests that malarial pigment is responsible for the toxic effects. Pigment iron released in the monocyte phagolysosome may be the responsible element. 3% of total pigment iron is labile and easily detached under conditions simulating the internal environment of the phagolysosome, i.e., pH 5.5 and 10 microM H2O2. Iron liberated from pigment could account for the lipid peroxidation and increased production of malondialdehyde observed in monocytes fed with pigment or in RBC ghosts and liposomes incubated at pH 6.5 in presence of pigment and low amounts of H2O2. Removal of the labile iron fraction from pigment by repeated treatments with 0.1 mM H2O2 at pH 5.5 reduces pigment toxicity. It is suggested that iron released from ingested pigment is responsible for the intoxication of monocytes. In acute and chronic falciparum infections, circulating and tissue-resident phagocytes are seen filled with TPRBC and pigment particles over long periods of time. Moreover, human monocytes previously fed with TPRBC are unable to neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells, and macrophage responses decline during the course of human and animal malaria. The present results may offer a mechanistic explanation for depression of cellular immunity in malaria.