gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal schedule of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in human breast cancer. (1982)

We have shown previously that methotrexate pretreatment of murine leukemia and human colon carcinoma cell cultures results in augmented intracellular accumulation of 5-fluorouracil metabolites. Both of these drugs are commonly used for the treatment of women with breast cancer; thus, sequencing of methotrexate before 5-fluorouracil was evaluated in vitro using a human mammary carcinoma cell line, 47-DN. Intracellular 5-fluorouracil accumulation was maximally increased 4-fold in cultures pretreated with 10 microM methotrexate for 24 hr. This enhancement of 5-fluorouracil metabolism was associated with increased intracellular levels of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate, resulting from the antipurine effect of methotrexate. Brief exposure to exogenous hypoxanthine at physiological concentrations reversed the biochemical synergism between methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Other antimetabolites associated with elevations of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate enhanced intracellular accumulation of 5-fluorouracil up to 2.5-fold. In cloning assays, 18 hr of methotrexate pretreatment followed by 5-fluorouracil resulted in optimal synergistic cytotoxicity, which could be prevented if high concentrations of leucovorin were given between methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil administration. Since these results indicated that optimal breast tumor toxicity in vitro was achieved by 18- to 24-hr sequencing of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, clinical toxicity study was carried out to assess whether this drug schedule could be tolerated. Seven patients with advanced cancer were treated with 21 courses of sequential therapy. No toxicity occurred with 38% of treatment courses; mild to moderate leukopenia and mucositis occurred with 29 and 38% of courses respectively. Toxicity was related to treatment interval and not cumulative drug dose or elevated serum methotrexate levels. These clinical results suggest that Phase II studies evaluating 24-hr-sequenced methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer are warranted.
Odour Impact Odour release, dispersion and influence on human well-being with specific focus on animal production (2004)

influence on human well-being with specific focus on animal production. Doctoral thesis. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6774-8. Our sense of smell provides us with the opportunity to explore our chemical environment. Upon perceiving an odour our reactions can be approach as well as avoidance. Emissions from a number of different operations are common causes of complaints. This thesis deals primarily with odours from livestock and poultry operations, which are common causes of annoyance. The main hypothesis of the thesis was that odours and odorants may affect health and that a correlation between measurements of various parameters of odours and health exists. The main objective was to contribute to improved well-being and health and to reduce conflicts by studying factors affecting odour release, odour dispersion in the neighbourhood and factors of importance for well-being and health. Another objective was to discuss measurements of the odours in question using electronic noses. Electronic noses can be sensitive enough to measure odours related to farms and a correlation between their response and odour concentrations has been found. Studies of factors affecting odour
Production of 2,3-Dimethylbutane by Alkylation (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of 2,3-Dimethylbutane by AlkylationR. B. Thompson and J. A. ChenicekCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 7, 1265–1269Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50463a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50463a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A CMOS large-swing low-distortion three-stage class AB power amplifier (1990)

A CMOS power amplifier with a class AB rail-to-rail output stage is presented. By using a three-stage amplifier with double Miller compensation, the harmonic distortion of the output stage is suppressed by the internal feedback loops. This approach is thoroughly investigated, and it is shown that a three-stage amplifier has apparent advantages for DC gain, harmonic distortion, and power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR). A realized prototype for ISDN applications with a gain bandwidth (GBW) of 5 MHz and with -80-dB THD at 10 kHz for an output current of 20 mA in a load of 81 Omega is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Role of the Computer in Learning Ndjébbana (2002)

While Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is being superseded by an integrated approach to language learning and technology, it still has great potential to assist indigenous peoples in becoming print-literate in their own languages. This can also help to combat the disempowerment experienced by indigenous people as their world is penetrated by others with radically different backgrounds. This paper reports on research on an application of CALL implemented among the Kunibidji, a remote, indigenous Australian community. It focuses on the use of talking books in Ndjebbana, a language with only 200 speakers; the books were displayed on touch-screens at various locations in the community. Investigations into the roles of the computer to support language learning and cultural understanding are also reported. The computer was found to be a useful tool in promoting Kunibidji collaboration and cultural transformation.
On lattice-form algorithms for adaptive IIR filtering (2003)

Lattice-form algorithms are described for adaptive IIR (infinite-impulse-response) filtering that are based on the Gauss-Newton search method. Several approximations of the Hessian matrix that have different levels of computational complexity are considered, and the results are compared to a previous IIR lattice algorithm. Computer simulations in a system-identification configuration illustrate their convergence properties. Algorithms for the two-multiplier lattice with distinct coefficients in each section, and the one-multiplier form, are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A specific inhibitor of IgE-antibody formation: n-pentyl .beta.-D-fructopyranoside (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA specific inhibitor of IgE-antibody formation: n-pentyl .beta.-D-fructopyranosideYasushi Haraguchi, Akira Yagi, Akihide Koda, Naoki Inagaki, Kanji Noda, and Itsuo NishiokaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 12, 1495–1499Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00354a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00354a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mathematical methods of physics (1970)

1. Ordinary Differential Equations. 2. Infinite Series. 3. Evaluation of Integrals. 4. Integral Transforms. 5. Further Applications of Complex Variable. 6. Vectors and Matrices. 7. Special Functions. 8. Partial Differential Equations. 9. Eigenfuctions, Eigenvalues, and Green's Functions. 10. Peturbation Theory. 11. Integral Equations. 12. Calculus of Variations. 13. Numerical Methods. 14. Probability and Statistics. 15. Tensor Analysis and Differential Geometry. 16. Introduction to Groups and Group Representations. Appendix: Some Properties of Functions of a Complex Variable. Bibliography. Index.
Vinyl Isocyanurates. Preparation of Alkenyl Isocyanurates by Trimerization or Cotrimerization of Isocyanates (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinyl Isocyanurates. Preparation of Alkenyl Isocyanurates by Trimerization or Cotrimerization of IsocyanatesERIC C. JUENGE and WILLIAM C. FRANCISCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3334–3337Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a074https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synchronization and State Estimation for Discrete-Time Complex Networks With Distributed Delays (2008)

In this paper, a synchronization problem is investigated for an array of coupled complex discrete-time networks with the simultaneous presence of both the discrete and distributed time delays. The complex networks addressed which include neural and social networks as special cases are quite general. Rather than the commonly used Lipschitz-type function, a more general sector-like nonlinear function is employed to describe the nonlinearities existing in the network. The distributed infinite time delays in the discrete-time domain are first defined. By utilizing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the Kronecker product, it is shown that the addressed discrete-time complex network with distributed delays is synchronized if certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are feasible. The state estimation problem is then studied for the same complex network, where the purpose is to design a state estimator to estimate the network states through available output measurements such that, for all admissible discrete and distributed delays, the dynamics of the estimation error is guaranteed to be globally asymptotically stable. Again, an LMI approach is developed for the state estimation problem. Two simulation examples are provided to show the usefulness of the proposed global synchronization and state estimation conditions. It is worth pointing out that our main results are valid even if the nominal subsystems within the network are unstable.
Mixing Context Granularities for Improved Entity Linking on Question Answering Data across Entity Categories (2018)

The first stage of every knowledge base question answering approach is to link entities in the input question. We investigate entity linking in the context of a question answering task and present a jointly optimized neural architecture for entity mention detection and entity disambiguation that models the surrounding context on different levels of granularity.
A New Ratio-Independent A/D conversion Technique for High-Resolution Pipeline A/D Converters (2005)

A new ratio-independent analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion technique is proposed to reduce significantly capacitor mismatch errors for high-resolution pipeline A/D converters. Reduction of power consumption is achieved by sharing amplifiers. The input offset voltage of the amplifier is eliminated by swapping the differential inputs and outputs of the amplifier. 15-bit accuracy is obtained with 8-bit capacitor matching as simulated.
A New Animal Model for the Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infections: Infection of Mice with the Agent of Mouse Pneumonitis (1981)

A new animal model for the study of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis has been developed. Female mice were successfully infected after intravaginal inoculation with the C. trachomatis agent of mouse pneumonitis. Evidence for infection was obtained by detection of chlamydial inclusions in smears of cervical scrapings treated with Giemsa stain. Chlamydiae were observed in sections of cervical tissues examined by light and electron microscopy as well as by immunofluorescence microscopy. An antibody response to the agent of mouse pneumonitis was also demonstrated in sera after infection. The mouse model of genital infection with the agent of mouse pneumonitis offers an opportunity to investigate many questions related to pathogenesis and immunity associated with C. trachomatis genital infections.
Chiral η<sup>6</sup>‐Arene/<i>N</i>‐Tosylethylenediamine–Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Solution Behavior and Catalytic Activity for Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2010)

Aromatic ketones are enantioseletively hydrogenated in alcohols containing [RuX{(S,S)-Tsdpen}(eta(6)-p-cymene)] (Tsdpen=TsNCH(C(6)H(5))CH(C(6)H(5))NH(2); X=TfO, Cl) as precatalysts. The corresponding Ru hydride (X=H) acts as a reducing species. The solution structures and complete spectral assignment of these complexes have been determined using 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H DQF-COSY, (1)H-(13)C HMQC, (1)H-(15)N HSQC, and (1)H-(19)F HOESY). Depending on the nature of the solvents and conditions, the precatalysts exist as a covalently bound complex, tight ion pair of [Ru(+)(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and X(-), solvent-separated ion pair, or discrete free ions. Solvent effects on the NH(2) chemical shifts of the Ru complexes and the hydrodynamic radius and volume of the Ru(+) and TfO(-) ions elucidate the process of precatalyst activation for hydrogenation. Most notably, the Ru triflate possessing a high ionizability, substantiated by cyclic voltammetry, exists in alcoholic solvents largely as a solvent-separated ion pair and/or free ions. Accordingly, its diffusion-derived data in CD(3)OD reflect the independent motion of [Ru(+)(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and TfO(-). In CDCl(3), the complex largely retains the covalent structure showing similar diffusion data for the cation and anion. The Ru triflate and chloride show similar but distinct solution behavior in various solvents. Conductivity measurements and catalytic behavior demonstrate that both complexes ionize in CH(3)OH to generate a common [Ru(+)(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and X(-), although the extent is significantly greater for X=TfO(-). The activation of [RuX(Tsdpen)(cymene)] during catalytic hydrogenation in alcoholic solvent occurs by simple ionization to generate [Ru(+)(Tsdpen)(cymene)]. The catalytic activity is thus significantly influenced by the reaction conditions.
Sequential auto-reclosing method for hybrid HVDC breaker in VSC HVDC links (2016)

Voltage source converters (VSC) are increasingly being used in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems and with higher power ratings of these converters, the interest for usage with long transmission system is also increasing. With long overhead transmission dc links, many faults would be transient or temporary in nature. Such faults are mainly caused by lightning. The objective of this paper lies in proposing and implementing an auto-reclose feature to the operation of Hybrid HVDC breaker (HHB). The proposed method has been evaluated in a point-to-point HVDC link along with HHB at each end. This study shows that the proposed sequential operation of HHB can quickly and cost-effectively re-close the faulty line with minimal impact on connected ac grid and where the converters can continue to support the ac network with reactive power. Furthermore, the proposed soft start procedure adopted in auto-reclosing operation of HHB assists in reducing the dc current inrush and distribute the energy stress among the non-linear resistors in the main breaker modules of HHB.
Silicon micromachined ultrasonic transducers (1998)

This paper presents a novel type of ultrasonic transducer that is made by silicon micromachining. Transducers for both air-borne and immersion applications are made from parallel plate capacitors whose dimensions are controlled through traditional integrated circuit manufacturing methods. Typical dimensions of the capacitors are: gap =1 micron (vacuum or air), membrane thickness =1 micron (silicon nitride or polysilicon), and diameter =50 microns. A large number of small elements are connected in parallel to make a transducer. Transducers for air-borne ultrasound applications have been operated in the frequency range of 1–11 MHz, while immersion transducers have been operated in the frequency range of 1–20 MHz. Theoretical modeling calculations of the transducers and their electrical input impedances will be presented. The theory predicts a dynamic range of over 140 dB for both air and immersion applications. Different processing methods for fabricating the transducers and the merits of the different approaches will be presented. Finally, the results of transducer operation both in air and water with over a 100-dB dynamic range will be presented.
Fatty Acid Incubation of Myotubes From Humans With Type 2 Diabetes Leads to Enhanced Release of β-Oxidation Products Because of Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation (2008)

Our results suggest that 1) mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic myotubes is caused by disturbances downstream of fatty acid beta-oxidation; 2) EPA promoted accumulation of TAG, enhanced beta-oxidation, and increased glucose oxidation; and 3) TTA improved complete palmitic acid oxidation in diabetic myotubes, opposed increased lipid accumulation, and increased glucose oxidation.
Prolongation of proton spin lattice relaxation times in regionally ischemic tissue from dog hearts. (1980)

Proton NMR techniques were used to characterize acutely ischemic myocardial tissue from the dog. Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min resulted in a consistent prolongation of the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) in samples from regionally ischemic heart muscle when compared with T1 values for nonischemic areas from the same hearts. The relative prolongation of relaxation times in ischemic tissue was found to increase as the duration of ischemia was extended to 60 or 120 min. T1 values for ischemic tissue were not directly related to tissue levels of high-energy compounds, lactate, or hydrogen ions but largely reflected the increased water content of the regionally ischemic myocardium. Proton NMR analysis provides a means of identifying acute regional ischemia in heart tissue, and in the future may permit three-dimensional imaging of the heart in vivo.
Copper Oxides Supported on Aluminum Oxide Borates for Catalytic Ammonia Combustion (2016)

The catalytic NH3 combustion properties and local structures of copper oxides (CuOx) supported on aluminum oxide borates (Al20B4O36, 10Al2O3·2B2O3: 10A2B) were studied by means of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray mapping, X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas adsorption techniques, etc. Among the CuOx supported on various metal oxide materials, CuOx/10A2B exhibited high catalytic NH3 combustion activity, highest N2 (lowest N2O·NO) selectivity, and high thermal stability. Because the combustion activity is closely associated with the reducibility and dispersion of CuOx, highly dispersed CuOx nanoparticles on supports are considered to play a key role in the low temperature light-off of NH3. For NO and N2O selectivities, the oxidation state of CuOx and the dissociative species of adsorbed NH3 are suggested to be important catalytic combustion properties, respectively. On the basis of these discussions, the reaction mechanism of catalytic NH3 combustion over CuOx/10A2B is described.
Bacterial competition as a means of preventing neonatal diarrhea in pigs (1976)

Baby pigs orally inoculated with a porcine strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88+,Ent+) showed signs of depression, severe diarrhea, and, in some instances, death. Few, if any, signs of illness occurred if baby pigs were first inoculated with a K88 possessing non-enterotoxin-producing strain of E. coli.
Catalytic Advantages Provided by Selenocysteine in Methionine-<i>S</i>-Sulfoxide Reductases (2006)

Methionine sulfoxide reductases are key enzymes that repair oxidatively damaged proteins. Two distinct stereospecific enzyme families are responsible for this function: MsrA (methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase) and MsrB (methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase). In the present study, we identified multiple selenoprotein MsrA sequences in organisms from bacteria to animals. We characterized the selenocysteine (Sec)-containing Chlamydomonas MsrA and found that this protein exhibited 10-50-fold higher activity than either its cysteine (Cys) mutant form or the natural mouse Cys-containing MsrA, making this selenoenzyme the most efficient MsrA known. We also generated a selenoprotein form of mouse MsrA and found that the presence of Sec increased the activity of this enzyme when a resolving Cys was mutated in the protein. These data suggest that the presence of Sec improves the reduction of methionine sulfoxide by MsrAs. However, the oxidized selenoprotein could not always be efficiently reduced to regenerate the active enzyme. Overall, this study demonstrates that sporadically evolved Sec-containing forms of methionine sulfoxide reductases reflect catalytic advantages provided by Sec in these and likely other thiol-dependent oxidoreductases.