gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIONS IN NURSING (1972)

Are you using a new or innovative nursing procedure? If you think other nurses would find it useful also. NURSING 72 would like to hear about it. Just write a brief description and send it with your name, address, and phone number to: Innovations Editor. NURSING 72, 430 Benjamin Fox Pavilion, Jenkintown, Pa. 19046. We will pay S10 to S25 for each procedure published.
The rheological properties of dispersions of Laponite, a synthetic hectorite-like clay, in electrolyte solutions (1971)

Abstract Dispersions of Laponite clay in various electrolyte solutions have been studied. In the total absence of electrolyte the synthetic clay forms a sol at 2% concentration. All cations cause gelling and flocculation. It has been found that for any given clay concentration the yield value of the dispersions at equivalent flocculation level is the same for all electrolyte solutions, making it possible to study all types of dispersions at a standard level of flocculation. At standard level of flocculation, the yield values have been found to follow exponential relationships with clay concentration with a break in the curves occurring at about 1·6% clay concentration. It is postulated that the break in the yield value curve occurs when enough clay is present to form a card-house structure. The plastic viscosities show a linear relationship with concentration and indicate high effective dispersed volume fractions at low clay concentrations. When comparing the flocculating effects of different cations at fixed clay concentration, an empirical relationship has been found between cation concentration giving standard flocculation level, cation valency and radius.
Evaluating Plant Breeding Strategies by Simulating Gene Action and Dryland Environment Effects (2003)

Functional genomics is the systematic study of genome‐wide effects of gene expression on organism growth and development with the ultimate aim of understanding how networks of genes influence traits. Here, we use a dynamic biophysical cropping systems model (APSIM‐Sorg) to generate a state space of genotype performance based on 15 genes controlling four adaptive traits and then search this space using a quantitative genetics model of a plant breeding program (QU‐GENE) to simulate recurrent selection. Complex epistatic and gene × environment effects were generated for yield even though gene action at the trait level had been defined as simple additive effects. Given alternative breeding strategies that restricted either the cultivar maturity type or the drought environment type, the positive (+) alleles for 15 genes associated with the four adaptive traits were accumulated at different rates over cycles of selection. While early maturing genotypes were favored in the Severe‐Terminal drought environment type, late genotypes were favored in the Mild‐Terminal and Midseason drought environment types. In the Severe‐Terminal environment, there was an interaction of the stay‐green (SG) trait with other traits: Selection for + alleles of the SG genes was delayed until + alleles for genes associated with the transpiration efficiency and osmotic adjustment traits had been fixed. Given limitations in our current understanding of trait interaction and genetic control, the results are not conclusive. However, they demonstrate how the per se complexity of gene × gene × environment interactions will challenge the application of genomics and marker‐assisted selection in crop improvement for dryland adaptation.
Applying perceptual grouping to content-based image retrieval: building images (2003)

This paper presents an application of perceptual grouping rules for content-based image retrieval. The semantic interrelationships between different primitive image features are exploited by perceptual grouping to detect the presence of manmade structures. A methodology based on these principles in a Bayesian framework for the retrieval of building images, and the results obtained are presented. The image database consists of monocular grayscale outdoor images taken from a ground-level camera.
SIRT1 and energy metabolism (2013)

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1 ) 是在各种各样的新陈代谢的纸巾作为一个关键新陈代谢的传感器出现了的大多数保存哺乳动物的 NAD+ 依赖的蛋白质 deacetylase。响应不同环境刺激， SIRT1 直接连接细胞的新陈代谢的地位到染色质结构和基因表示的规定，从而 modulating 许多细胞的过程象精力那样新陈代谢和压力反应。最近的研究证明了 SIRT1 在肝控制葡萄糖和类脂化合物新陈代谢，支持胖动员并且刺激在白脂肪质的组织的白脂肪改变的褐，在胰的控制胰岛素分泌物，在视下丘的感觉营养素可获得性，在巨噬细胞影响导致肥胖的发炎，并且在新陈代谢的纸巾调制生理节奏的钟的活动。这评论在在不同新陈代谢的纸巾调整精力新陈代谢集中于 SIRT1 的角色。
Log transformation benefits parameter estimation in microwave tomographic imaging (2007)

Microwave tomographic imaging falls under a broad category of nonlinear parameter estimation methods when a Gauss-Newton iterative reconstruction technique is used. A fundamental requirement in using these approaches is evaluating the appropriateness of the regression model. While there have been numerous investigations of regularization techniques to improve overall image quality, few, if any, studies have explored the underlying statistical properties of the model itself. The ordinary least squares (OLS) approach is used most often, but there are other options such as the weighted least squares (WLS), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum a posteriori (MAP) that may be more appropriate. In addition, a number of variance stabilizing transformations can be applied to make the inversion intrinsically more linear. In this paper, a statistical analysis is performed of the properties of the residual errors from the reconstructed images utilizing actual measured data and it is demonstrated that the OLS algorithm with a log transformation (OLSlog) is clearly advantageous relative to the more commonly used OLS approach by itself. In addition, several high contrast imaging experiments are performed, which demonstrate that different subsets of data are emphasized in each method and may contribute to the overall image quality differences.
Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation by Heterotrimeric Gαs Protein (2004)

Heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, we report that overexpression of the stimulatory G protein subunit (Galphas) promotes ligand-dependent degradation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and Texas Red EGF, and knock-down of Galphas expression by RNA interference (RNAi) delays receptor degradation. We also show that Galphas and its GTPase activating protein (GAP), RGS-PX1, interact with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), a critical component of the endosomal sorting machinery. Galphas coimmunoprecipitates with Hrs and binds Hrs in pull-down assays. By immunofluorescence, exogenously expressed Galphas colocalizes with myc-Hrs and GFP-RGS-PX1 on early endosomes, and expression of either Hrs or RGS-PX1 increases the localization of Galphas on endosomes. Furthermore, knock-down of both Hrs and Galphas by double RNAi causes greater inhibition of EGF receptor degradation than knock-down of either protein alone, suggesting that Galphas and Hrs have cooperative effects on regulating EGF receptor degradation. These observations define a novel regulatory role for Galphas in EGF receptor degradation and provide mechanistic insights into the function of Galphas in endocytic sorting.
Low-Temperature Oxidation of CO and Volatile Organic Compounds over Supported Platinum Catalysts (2004)

The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) is important for the reduction of harmful emissions from both vehicles and from stationary sources. Both these applications suffer from poor catalytic efficiency at lower temperatures. The objective of this work was to gain a deeper understanding of the low-temperature oxidation of CO and VOC over alumina supported platinum catalysts. The work has been focused on the preparation of platinum-based model catalysts, extensive flow reactor studies and thorough sample characterisation. <p>A new preparation method was used to prepare supported catalysts with platinum distributed locally in high concentrations on the alumina support. The purpose was to prepare catalysts that would retain the evolved reaction heat to a higher extent and thereby become more active at low temperatures than conventionally prepared catalysts. The catalysts prepared using this new method showed an improved low-temperature activity for the oxidation of CO, however, not for the oxidation of propene or propane. When considering heat transfer, calculations of both temporary effects and heat accumulation showed that the enhanced activity for CO oxidation can not be explained by a heat effect. Instead, mass transfer limitations probably improved the activity to a certain extent, and structural effects can also be of importance. The oxidation of propane over Pt/&#947;-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was shown to be highly influenced by the oxygen concentration. Maximum activity was observed close to stoichiometric conditions. At net-oxidising conditions the catalysts were most likely passivated due to formation of platinum oxide. <p>In a deactivation study, the influence of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) on the oxidation of ethyl acetate over iron-promoted Pt/&#947;-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> samples was investigated. The catalytic deactivation was found to proceed as HMDS decomposed into silicate (Si<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>), which blocks the active sites on the catalyst surface. The poisoning was found to be selective as silicon rather attached to platinum and iron sites than to alumina. Moreover, depending on the catalyst composition the deactivation was either reversible or irreversible. Promoting the Pt/&#947;-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst with iron increased the tolerance towards HMDS as fewer platinum sites were blocked by silicate.
Thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device applications of selective epitaxial growth (2002)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology has surged into a position of prominence in recent years. SOI devices provide a viable technology for high-density, large-scale-integration and high performance VLSI circuits. Of late, the potential applications of SOI devices have extended to the field of power devices and mixed-mode analog-digital circuits. In this field of application in particular, selective epitaxial growth techniques such as epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) and Confined Lateral Selective Epitaxial Growth (CLSEG) provide attractive alternatives to SIMOX. ELO and CLSEG provide the means of selectively growing SOI islands in regions where high performance digital MOS circuitry are desired. Due to the low temperatures involved in selective epitaxy, mixed mode integration becomes a lot easier. This paper presents results from fully-depleted SOI devices fabricated by ELO and provides for the first time a study of interface state densities across the various interfaces in the device. In addition, thin-film fully-depleted SOI devices have been fabricated for the first time in SOI device islands fabricated by CLSEG, and the devices have been used to characterize the material.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptors in the Kidney Attenuates Circulating and Intratubular Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension in PT- <i>Agtr1a</i> <sup>−/−</sup> Mice (2021)

The present study used a novel mouse model with proximal tubule-specific knockout of AT 1a receptors in the kidney, PT- Agtr1a −/− , to test the hypothesis that intratubular Ang II (angiotensin II) and AT 1a receptors in the proximal tubules are required for maintaining normal blood pressure and the development of Ang II–induced hypertension. Twenty-six groups (n=6–15 per group) of adult male wild-type, global Agtr1a −/− , and PT- Agtr1a −/− mice were infused with Ang II (1.5 mg/kg per day, IP), or overexpressed an intracellular Ang II fusion protein in the proximal tubules for 2 weeks. Basal telemetry blood pressure were ≈15±3 mm Hg lower in PT- Agtr1a −/− than wild-type mice and ≈13±3 mm Hg higher than Agtr1a −/− mice ( P <0.01). Basal glomerular filtration was ≈23.9% higher ( P <0.01), whereas fractional proximal tubule Na + reabsorption was lower in PT- Agtr1a −/− mice ( P <0.01). Deletion of AT 1a receptors in the proximal tubules augmented the pressure-natriuresis response ( P <0.01) and natriuretic responses to salt loading or Ang III infusion ( P <0.01). Ang II induced hypertension in wild-type, PT- Agtr1a −/− and PT- Nhe3 −/− mice, but the pressor response was ≈16±2 mm Hg lower in PT- Agtr1a −/− and PT- Nhe3 −/− mice ( P <0.01). Deletion of AT 1a receptors or NHE3 (Na + /H + exchanger 3) in the proximal tubules attenuated ≈50% of Ang II–induced hypertension in wild-type mice ( P <0.01), but blocked intracellular Ang II fusion protein-induced hypertension in PT- Agtr1a −/− mice ( P <0.01). Taken together, the results of the present study provide new insights into the critical role of intratubular Ang II/AT 1 (AT 1a )/NHE3 pathways in the proximal tubules in normal blood pressure control and the development of Ang II–induced hypertension.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1/2006 (2005)

Cover: The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a cross‐section through a polymer particle with catalyst fragments in the early stage of polymerization. Further details can be found in the Communication by X. Zheng, M. S. Pimplapure, G. Weickert and J. Loos * on page 15.
Quantitative corrosion imaging of pipelines using multi helical guided ultrasonic waves (2016)

This paper presents a multi helical ultrasonic imaging approach for quantitative corrosion damage monitoring of cylindrical structures. The approach consists of two stages. First a multi helical ultrasonic imaging (MHUI) algorithm is used to provide qualitative images of the structure of interest. Then, an optimization problem is solved in order to obtain quantitative damage information, such as thickness map. Experimental tests are carried out on a steel pipe instrumented with six piezoelectric transducers to validate the proposed approach. Three thickness recesses are considered to simulate corrosion damage. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approach for quantifying corrosion location, area and remnant thickness.
Mechanisms behind local immunosuppression using inhaled tacrolimus in preclinical models of lung transplantation (2010)

Background: Inhaled immunosuppression with tacrolimus (TAC) is a novel strategy after lung transplantation. Here we investigate the feasibility of tacrolimus delivery via aerosol, assess its immunosuppressive efficacy, reveal possible mechanisms of action, and evaluate its airway toxicity.
Recent Advances in Tumor Markers of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most devastating malignancies in the world and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in Korea. Because most HCC are accompanied by chronic liver disease that results from hepatitis B or C viruses, prognosis is still poor even after surgical resection of the tumor. Moreover, diagnosis of advanced HCC still leads to an extremely bleak prognosis. Earlier detection of HCC, therefore, could improve patient survival. Accordingly, the development of tumor markers that can detect HCC at even earlier stages is essential. The functions of tumor markers include prediction of prognosis or therapeutic response as well as diagnosis or screening of cancer. Possible candidate tumor markers may be quantitative alterations in DNA-, RNA- or protein-based molecules in tumorous conditions assessed by various technologies, e.g. serological assays, microarrays, mass spectrometry and proteomics. However, validation and clinical implementation is needed after the discovery of novel genes. An ideal tumor marker for HCC would be sensitive and specific enabling to differentiate it at an early stage from premalignant lesions like dysplastic nodules. In addition, the marker should be easily measurable, reproducible and minimally invasive. Although it is important to identify new biomarkers for HCC, the validation and cost-effectiveness of those markers as diagnostic or prognostic tools need confirmation in large-scale studies in clinical practice.
Next-Generation Delta-Sigma Converters: Trends and Perspectives (2015)

This paper presents an overview of emerging circuits and systems techniques which are at the forefront of the state of the art in ΔΣ modulators, pushing their performance forward and giving rise to new generations of data converters. Among others, those strategies involving the development of new applications and paradigms-like RF/GHz-range ΔΣ digitisation, digital-assisted embedded loop filters, time-to-digital conversion and hybrid ΔΣ/Nyquist-rate architectures-are discussed, as well as the implications and design challenges derived from their integration in deep nanometer CMOS technologies. The envisioned ΔΣ techniques are presented in a systematic way around the main analog building blocks embedded in a ΔΣ modulator, i.e., the loop filter and the quantizer. Analysing the trends in the design of these blocks allows us to offer perspectives on how ΔΣ converters will evolve in the next years.
Hot-jet etching of Pb, GaAs, and Si (1987)

Hot-jet etching is a new dry-etching technique which uses a directed flux of radicals to achieve anisotropic etching. The radicals are obtained by the thermal decomposition of a comparatively unreactive source gas in a heated jet. Pb, GaAs, and Si have been etched with this technique using CH3 (methyl), Cl, and F radicals, respectively. Methyl radicals have been derived from several source gases including n-butane, dimethyl ether, and acetone. Atomic fluxes of Cl and F have been obtained by decomposing Cl2 and SF6. Etching rates as high as 10 μm min−1 have been obtained using a Cl flux on GaAs. Since there is no sputtering component during etching, very high differential etching rates, in excess of 1000, have been obtained between Si and SiO2. Since these radicals are very reactive, both the material of the hot jet and its operating temperature are important parameters. Jets formed from alloys of Re and W operating at temperatures near 2700 K have been used to etch GaAs with a Cl flux. Jets formed from W operating near 3200 K and Ir operating near 2000 K have been used to obtain F from SF6 to etch Si.
Relationship between quantitative CT metrics and health status and BODE in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

Emphysema and airway disease both relate to clinically important parameters. The relative influence of airway disease is greater for SGRQ; the relative influence of emphysema is greater for BODE.
Refinements of Tissue Expansion for Pediatric Forehead Reconstruction: A 13-Year Experience (2009)

Reconstruction of 25 to 70 percent or more of the forehead in children is best accomplished using tissue expansion and direct advancement of adjacent tissues. Simultaneous expansion should be performed in the cheek and scalp if indicated. Brow ptosis should be addressed with each advancement. Lesions greater than 70 percent of the forehead are best accomplished with distant tissues.
Prenatal viral infection in mouse causes differential expression of genes in brains of mouse progeny: A potential animal model for schizophrenia and autism (2005)

Schizophrenia and autism are neurodevelopmental disorders with genetic and environmental etiologies. Prenatal viral infection has been associated with both disorders. We investigated the effects of prenatal viral infection on gene regulation in offspring of Balb-c mice using microarray technology. The results showed significant upregulation of 21 genes and downregulation of 18 genes in the affected neonatal brain homogenates spanning gene families affecting cell structure and function, namely, cytosolic chaperone system, HSC70, Bicaudal D, aquaporin 4, carbonic anhydrase 3, glycine receptor, norepinephrine transporter, and myelin basic protein. We also verified the results using QPCR measurements of selected mRNA species. These results show for the first time that prenatal human influenza viral infection on day 9 of pregnancy leads to alterations in a subset of genes in brains of exposed offspring, potentially leading to permanent changes in brain structure and function.
Sol–Gel Electrophoretic Deposition for the Growth of Oxide Nanorods (2003)

Abstract By combining sol–gel processing with electrophoretic deposition, we have developed a new method for the growth of oxide nanorods. Both single metal oxides (TiO 2 , SiO 2 ) and complex oxides—BaTiO 3 , Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7 , and Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 —have been grown by this method. Uniformly sized nanorods 45–200 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length can be grown over large areas with near unidirectional alignment. The nanorods have the desired stoichiometric chemical composition and crystal structure, after firing to 500–700 °C for up to one hour.
Streaming-media knowledge discovery (2001)

As the amount of streaming audio and video available to World Wide Web users grows, tools for analyzing and indexing this content will become increasingly important. Frequently, knowledge management applications and information portals synthesize unstructured text information from the Web, intranets and partner sites. Given this context, we crawl a statistically significant number of Web pages, detect those that contain streaming media links, crawl the media links to extract associated meta-data, then use the crawl data to build a resource list for Web media. We have used these crawl-data findings to build a media indexing application that uses content-based indexing methods.
Genotype and Growing Environment Effects on the Tocopherols and Fatty Acids of <i>Brassica napus</i> and <i>B. juncea</i> (2007)

Abstract The effects of genotype and growing environment on the tocopherols and fatty acids (FA) of experimental Brassica juncea and B. napus breeding lines were investigated. For both species, with the exception of a few genotypes, the concentration ratio of γ‐tocopherols to α‐tocopherol was practically constant. The genotype influenced the tocopherol concentration in B. napus , and to a lesser degree, B. juncea . The environment also had a similar effect, and a positive correlation existed between the daily maximum temperature and the α‐tocopherol concentration in B. napus . Genotype effects on the FA composition were significant for the conventional but not for Clearfield or triazine tolerant traits of B. napus . The genotype had no effect on the FA of the B. juncea genotypes. In contrast, the growing environment had a significant influence on the FA composition of both species with apparent influence from temperature and rainfall. For both species, the concentration of γ‐tocopherol as well as total tocopherols was inversely related to the 18:3 concentration, which could have resulted from opposite and independent effects of temperature on the two variables. No relationship existed between the concentrations of tocopherol and the remaining unsaturated FA 18:1 and 18:2. The positional distribution of unsaturated FA within the oil triacylglycerol was a function of their total concentration.