gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control effect of Chinese herbal formula on grass carp hepatobiliary syndrome (2011)

Taking grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)fingerling with hepatobiliary syndrome as sample and Chinese herbal formula as test drug,we designed 3 poison bait groups mixed with 0.50%,0.75% and 1.00% concentration of Chinese herbal formula,one common feed group without Chinese herbal formula and one green feed group to feed the sick fish for 4 weeks,so as to study the control effect of Chinese herbal formula on grass carp hepatobiliary syndrome by histopathology method.The result shows that the liver-lesion tissue of the test fish has many self-soluble necroses and is destroyed dispersively;the liver nuclei moves,accompanying with vacuolar and hydropic degenerations;the survival of the 3 experimental groups and 2 control ones(green feed group and common feed group without Chinese herbal formula) is 60.0%,80.0%,96.7%,36.7% and 16.7%,respectively;the hepatobiliary syndrome of the test fish has obviously ameliorated in experimental groups than in the control;the body color,body surface slime,and the shape,color and texture of liver return to normal;the dorsal fin,caudal fin and edges turn white;the blood extravasation and congestion in gill disappear;the slime on gill decreases obviously.For the experimental group with 1.00% concentration,the hepatic lobule and hepatocytes of grass carp′s liver have clear boundaries;nuclear membrane and nucleolus of hepatocytes are easily recognized;the nucleolus have moved to the middle of hepatocytes which return to normal gradually.
Discussion on Service Oriented Architecture (2007)

Service Oriented Architecture(SOA) is one of the new software architectures.This paper introduce the concept and feature of SOA and give some deep research fields in the future.
TalkZones (2014)

Managing time while presenting is challenging, but mobile devices offer both convenience and flexibility in their ability to support the end-to-end process of setting, refining, and following presentation time targets. From an initial HCI-Q study of 20 presenters, we identified the need to set such targets per 'zone' of consecutive slides (rather than per slide or for the whole talk), as well as the need for feedback that accommodates two distinct attitudes to time management. These findings led to the design of TalkZones, a mobile application for timing support. When giving a 20-slide, 6m40s rehearsed but interrupted talk, 12 participants who used TalkZones registered a mean overrun of only 8s, compared with 1m49s for 12 participants who used a regular timer. We observed a similar 2% overrun in our final study of 8 speakers giving rehearsed 30-minute talks in 20 minutes. Overall, we show that TalkZones can encourage presenters to advance slides before it is too late to recover, even under the adverse timing conditions of short and shortened talks.
The Schwarzschild Solution and Timelike Geodesics (2015)

General Relativity is the standard theory of the gravitational interaction. It allows us to cal- culate the motions and interactions of particles in a non-Euclidean space-time. This presentation will present the derivation of the Schwarzschild metric tensor field by finding a solution of the Einstein Equation for a non-rotating, static vacuum. A general form of the metric for a static, spherically symmetric spacetime will be used to calculate the Riemann curvature tensor and sub- sequently the Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar which will then be used to find a vaccum solution to the Einstein Equation. Once the solutions of the Einstein equation are found, we can study the geodesic equation. This lets us find the orbits for massive particles moving around and into a black hole. Overall, this presentation provide an examination of the basic calculations that are done in General Relativity and shows how matter moves in a curved space-time.
Chronic exposure of HIT cells to high glucose concentrations paradoxically decreases insulin gene transcription and alters binding of insulin gene regulatory protein. (1993)

Chronically culturing HIT-T15 cells in media containing high glucose concentrations leads to decreased insulin mRNA levels, insulin content, and insulin secretion. These changes can be prevented by culturing the cells in media containing lower glucose levels (Robertson, R. P., H.-J. Zhang, K. L. Pyzdrowski, and T. F. Walseth. 1992. J. Clin. Invest. 90:320-325). The mechanism of this seemingly paradoxical phenomenon was examined by transiently transfecting HIT cells with a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene controlled by the 5'-regulatory domain of the human insulin gene (INSCAT). Early passages of HIT cells readily expressed INSCAT, whereas late passages of cells chronically cultured in 11.1 mM glucose expressed only 28.7 +/- 2.3% (mean +/- SEM) of the CAT activity expressed in early passages. In contrast, late passages of HIT cells chronically cultured in 0.8 mM glucose retained the ability to express the INSCAT reporter gene to 69.6 +/- 10.0% of the CAT activity observed in early passages. The decrease in INSCAT expression in late passages of cells serially cultured in 11.1 mM glucose was associated with the inability to form a specific nuclear protein-DNA complex with the CT motifs of the human insulin promoter. Formation of this specific protein-DNA complex was preserved in late passages of HIT cells when serially cultured in 0.8 mM glucose. Mutations of the CT motifs caused markedly diminished CAT activity in all passages examined. These data indicate that chronic exposure of the beta cell to high glucose concentrations can paradoxically decrease insulin gene transcription, in part, by altering the ability of a regulatory protein (GSTF) to interact with the insulin gene promoter. This provides a potential mechanism for glucotoxic effects on the beta cell at the level of the insulin gene.
ESSENCE OF PALAEOZOIC COAL-BED GAS IN GUXI FAULT ZONE OF ZHANHUA SAG (2008)

Previous research has concluded that the natural gas is mainly composed of coal-bed gas in Guxi fault zone,one of the richest areas of deep natural gas in Jiyang depression.Based on the analysis of source rock characteristics,many indicators,such as chemical component,carbon isotope,rare gas isotope and light hydrocarbon composition of natural gas and biomarkers of associated crude oil,combining with the study on geologic condition of gas pools,are used to clarify the genesis and source of Paleozoic natural gas in Guxi fault zone.It is proposed that there are three types of source-mixed gas in Guxi fault zone rather than coal-bed gas.Natural gas in Gubei buried hill is mainly composed of coal-bed gas sourced by C-P source rocks,mixed with part of oil-type gas.Gas from Bogu 4 and Boshen 6 buried hill are both mainly consisted of high-mature oil-type gas generated by upper Es4 source rocks in Bonan Sag.The former is mixed with coal-bed gas,and the latter is mixed with oil-associated gas from lower Es3 source rocks.
New implantable therapeutic device for the control of an atrial fibrillation attack using the Peltier element (2012)

For the development of the new therapeutic device for the atrial fibrillation, implantable cooling device using Peltier element was developed in this study. An implantable cooling device had been consisted from Peltier element with transcutaneous energy transmission system (TETS). 1st coil can be contacted from outside of the body, when the patients will feel palpitation. Electrical current will be induced to the implanted 2nd coil. Peltier element will able to cool the surface of the atrium. For the confirmation of the effect of the cooling device, trial manufacture model was developed. Animal experiments using six healthy adult goats after animal ethical committee allowance was carried out. Fourth intercostals space had been opened after anesthesia inhalation, and various sensors had been inserted. AF was induced by the electrical current with battery. As the results, AF had been recovered to the normal sinus rhythm after cooling in all six goats. So, this cooling system for the control of AF showed evident effect in these experiments. Smaller size cooling device has been under development aiming at totally implantable type. Catheter type cooling device for the insertion by the use of fiber-scope type is now under planning for the clinical application. This new type device may be able to become good news for the patients with uncontrollable AF.
Influence of the Thermodynamic State of Bisphenol a and Aliphatic Epoxy Oligomers on the Temperature Dependences of Newtonian Viscosity (2010)

A generalised analysis is made of experimental and published data on the temperature dependences of the Newtonian viscosity of bisphenol A and aliphatic oligomers of different molecular weight in a wide temperature range, with account taken of the departure of the experimental temperature from the hypothetical (calculated) crystallisation temperature T cr . It is shown that the deviation of the temperature dependence of the Newtonian viscosity of epoxy oligomers from the theoretically expected dependence in accordance with activation theory and free volume theory is greater the lower the temperature range of the experiment by comparison with T cr , and accordingly the greater the probability of formation of solid-like molecular associates or clusters. The use of T cr as a parameter of the corresponding state (the temperature of reduction) makes it possible to plot a “universal” generalised curve of viscosity for epoxy oligomers with account taken of the dependence of their Newtonian viscosity on molecular weight.
Effect of troglitazone on cytochrome P450 enzymes in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes (2000)

1. Troglitazone was the first thiazolidinedione approved for clinical use in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. During clinical investigations of drug-drug interactions with therapeutics (terfenadine and cyclosporine) known to be metabolized by CYP3A4, pharmacokinetic interactions were noted upon troglitazone multiple-dose treatments. The nature of the interactions suggested induction of CYP3A enzymes. 2. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were used to investigate the induction potential of troglitazone with respect to CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP1A1/2. In human hepatocytes, troglitazone induced both immunoreactive CYP3A4 protein and testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase activity in a dose-dependent fashion (EC50 = 5-10 microM), accompanied by an increase in CYP3A4 mRNA. The capacity of troglitazone to induce CYP3A4 was between that of rifampin (EC50 = 0.8 microM) and dexamethasone (40-50 microM). Troglitazone increased CYP2B6 immunoreactive protein but did not significantly effect CYP1A1/2 activity, immunoreactive protein or mRNA. 3. Troglitazone produced significant increases in CYP3A message, protein and activity in primary rat hepatocytes, a slight increase in CYP2B1/2 activity and no change in CYP1A1/2 message or activity. 4. These results provide evidence that troglitazone can induce CYP3A and CYP2B enzymes while apparently not altering CYP1A. This provides a rationale for the clinically observed interactions of troglitazone with selected CYP3A4 substrates.
Regulatory T-cell expansion during chronic viral infection is dependent on endogenous retroviral superantigens (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play critical roles in the modulation of immune responses to infectious agents. Further understanding of the factors that control Treg activation and expansion in response to pathogens is needed to manipulate Treg function in acute and chronic infections. Here we show that chronic, but not acute, infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus results in a marked expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg that is dependent on retroviral superantigen (sag) genes encoded in the mouse genome. Sag-dependent Treg expansion was MHC class II dependent, CD4 independent, and required dendritic cells. Thus, one unique mechanism by which certain infectious agents evade host immune responses may be mediated by endogenous Sag-dependent activation and expansion of Treg.
Recurrent Neural Network Model for Constructive Peptide Design (2018)

We present a generative long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) for combinatorial de novo peptide design. RNN models capture patterns in sequential data and generate new data instances from the learned context. Amino acid sequences represent a suitable input for these machine-learning models. Generative models trained on peptide sequences could therefore facilitate the design of bespoke peptide libraries. We trained RNNs with LSTM units on pattern recognition of helical antimicrobial peptides and used the resulting model for de novo sequence generation. Of these sequences, 82% were predicted to be active antimicrobial peptides compared to 65% of randomly sampled sequences with the same amino acid distribution as the training set. The generated sequences also lie closer to the training data than manually designed amphipathic helices. The results of this study showcase the ability of LSTM RNNs to construct new amino acid sequences within the applicability domain of the model and motivate their prospective application to peptide and protein design without the need for the exhaustive enumeration of sequence libraries.
Synthesis and x-ray characterization of 6(S)-epimevinolin, a lactone epimer (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray characterization of 6(S)-epimevinolin, a lactone epimerG. E. Stokker, C. S. Rooney, J. M. Wiggins, and J. HirshfieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 25, 4931–4934Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00375a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00375a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1-[(1,2-Diphenyl-1<i>H</i>-4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-phenylpiperazines with Clozapine-Like Mixed Activities at Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>, Serotonin, and GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptors (2002)

A series of 18 1-[(1,2-diphenyl-1H-4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-piperazines (1a−r) were designed and synthesized as possible ligands with mixed dopamine (DA) D2/serotonin 5-HT1A affinity, with the aim of identifying novel compounds with neurochemical and pharmacological properties similar to those of clozapine. The binding profile at D2 like, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors of title compounds was determined. Modifications made in the phenyl rings of the parent compound (1a) produced congeners endowed with a broad range of binding affinities for DA D2 like, serotonin 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors, with IC50 values ranging from 25 to >10 000 nM. As for the modification of the piperazine N4-phenyl ring, the affinities for both D2 like and 5-HT1A receptors were progressively increased by introduction of ortho-methoxy and ethoxy groups (1b,o, respectively). Data revealed the presence of a para-chloro substituent in 1g to be associated with a relatively high affinity and substantial selectivity for D2 like receptors, whereas the meta-chloro analogue 1f exhibited preferential affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. A quantitative structure−affinity relationship analysis of the measured binding data resulted in regression equations that highlighted substituent physicochemical properties modulating the binding to subtypes 1A and 2A of serotonin 5-HT receptors but not to D2 like receptors. Thus, besides an electron-withdrawing field effect and ortho substitution, which both influence binding to serotonin 5-HT receptor subtypes, though to a different extent as revealed by regression coefficients in the multiparametric regression equations, the affinity of congeners 1a−r to 5-HT1A receptors proved to be linearly correlated with volume/polarizability descriptors, whereas their affinity to 5-HT2A receptors correlated with lipophilicity constants through a parabolic relationship. 1-[(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (1b), with a D2/5-HT1A IC50 ratio of ∼1, was selected for a further pharmacological study. In rats, the intraperitoneal administration of compound 1b, like that of clozapine, induced an increase in the extracellular concentration of DA measured in the medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, 1b and clozapine each inhibited GABA-evoked Cl- currents at recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These findings suggest that compound 1b may represent an interesting prototype of a novel class of drugs endowed with a neurochemical profile similar to that of atypical antipsychotics.
Active query sensing for mobile location search (2011)

While much exciting progress is being made in mobile visual search, one important question has been left unexplored in all current systems. When the first query fails to find the right target (up to 50% likelihood), how should the user form his/her search strategy in the subsequent interaction? In this paper, we propose a novel Active Query Sensing system to suggest the best way for sensing the surrounding scenes while forming the second query for location search. We accomplish the goal by developing several unique components -- an offline process for analyzing the saliency of the views associated with each geographical location based on score distribution modeling, predicting the visual search precision of individual views and locations, estimating the view of an unseen query, and suggesting the best subsequent view change. Using a scalable visual search system implemented over a NYC street view data set (0.3 million images), we show a performance gain as high as two folds, reducing the failure rate of mobile location search to only 12% after the second query. This work may open up an exciting new direction for developing interactive mobile media applications through innovative exploitation of active sensing and query formulation.
Parallel Hole and Rotating Slat Collimators: Comparative Study Using Digital Contrast Phantoms (2013)

The parallel hole (PH) collimator is the most commonly used collimator in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. A well-known limitation of the PH collimator is its low geometric efficiency. For better geometric efficiency without compromising the resolution, a rotating slat (RS) collimator is a potential alternative. In our previous work, a linear relation between the image resolution and the optimal collimator aperture was derived for both the PH and the RS collimator systems, and the two collimator systems were compared with the optimized geometries using different uniform phantoms. In this study, the PH and the RS collimator system were further compared using digital contrast phantoms. Three figures of merit (FOMs) were calculated for comparison, i.e., the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in a pixel of interest, the CNR in a region of interest, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO). All the FOMs were calculated analytically using an efficient approximation method. The comparison was done in both planar imaging and volume imaging. The size of the digitized phantom was varied, resulting in a detector area coverage from 2.5% to 40%. The main results are: (1) With the optimal collimator apertures, the gains (RS over PH) in all FOMs show the same trends in the system comparison. (2) The performance of the two collimators is similar for cold spot imaging with the largest phantom given in this study, while RS outperforms PH for all the other cases. (3) For system optimization, the optimal collimator apertures depend on the FOM to be optimized, however the ratio of the apertures (PH/RS) is always around √2, a value that we derived analytically in our previous work.
Antioxidative Components Isolated from the Seed of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntioxidative Components Isolated from the Seed of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)Takanori Tsuda, Mie Watanabe, Katsumi Ohshima, Akira Yamamoto, Shunro Kawakishi, and Toshihiko OsawaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 12, 2671–2674Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00048a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00048a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views947Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pd-Catalyzed Hydroborylation of Alkynes: A Ligand Controlled Regioselectivity Switch for the Synthesis of α- or β-Vinylboronates (2016)

A ligand controlled selective hydroborylation of alkynes to α- or β-vinylboronates has been developed using a Pd catalyst. The high α-selectivity displayed by this reaction can be switched to furnish β-vinylboronates by altering the ligand from a trialkylphosphine to N-heterocyclic carbene. A variety of terminal alkynes are shown to furnish the corresponding α- or β-vinylboronates in good to excellent selectivity and yield. The mechanistic studies suggest that the solvent is the proton source and bromobenzene functions as an important additive in driving this reaction forward.
Thin film shear modulus determination with quartz crystal resonators: a review (2002)

An important application of quartz crystal resonators is the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). It is well established as thickness monitor in vacuum deposition units or as chemical sensor, e.g., in an electronic nose or electronic tongue. As QCM the high sensitivity of the mechanical eigenfrequency to surface mass changes is exploited. QCMs obtain their chemical sensitivity and selectivity from a chemically active coating, which interacts with the surrounding environment. Analyte sorption in the sensitive layer results in a change of the surface mass and hence in the resonator's frequency. A new fascinating application is the determination of material properties of thin viscoelastic films. The recently developed methods will be reviewed.