gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hafnium Content on the Transformation Temperatures of Ni<sub>49</sub>Ti<sub>51-x</sub>Hf<sub>x</sub>. Shape Memory Alloys (1995)

Ternary alloys of NiTiHf, having higher transformation temperatures than binary NiTi shape memory alloys, have been produced and analyzed. Beginning with a base composition of Ni49Ti51’, Hf was substituted for Ti up to 30 atomic percent. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the transformation temperatures of the as-cast alloys. The peak martensite temperature of the Ni49Ti51alloy was 69°C and increased to 525°C for the Ni49Ti21Hf30 alloy. The peak austenite temperature of the Ni49Ti51alloy was 114°C and increased to 622°C for the Ni49Ti21Hf30 alloy. An apparent minimum in the peak transformation temperatures occurred between 0 and 3 atomic percent Hf. Preliminary experiments were also conducted to determine the effect of thermomechanical processing on the shape memory properties of the Ni49Ti41Hf10. Data are presented on the effect of cold work and heat treatment on the transformation temperatures of this alloy.
The Time-Temperature-Transformation Behavior of Alloy 706 (1994)

The isothermal time-temperature-transformation behavior of wrought, triple melted (VIM-ESR-VAR) and homogenized INCONEL@ alloy 706 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and optical metallographic techniques.
Identification of a novel mutation in the arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II gene affecting the sixth intrachain disulfide bridge of the neurophysin II moiety (2004)

Clinical assessment of the patient confirmed the diagnosis of neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. Desmopressin treatment was started, which effectively reversed the polyuria/ polydipsia syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation (1665T>A) in exon 2 of the AVP-NPII gene, disrupting one of the disulfide bonds present in the NPII moiety which play a fundamental role in determining the proper folding of the molecule. In summary, in the present study we have described a novel mutation of the AVP-NPII gene, which is consistent with the malfolding/toxicity hypothesis underlying the pathogenesis of adFNDI.
Samenwerkingsverbanden tussen sociale partners, maatschappelijke groeperingen en gemeenten in een internationaal perspectief (2003)

In de bijdrage wordt een overzicht gegeven van de state of the art van de samenwerkingsverbanden in de verschillende landen.
Reprogramming of primordial germ cells begins before migration into the genital ridge, making these cells inadequate donors for reproductive cloning (2003)

Germ cells undergo epigenetic modifications as they develop, which suggests that they may be ideal donors for nuclear transfer (cloning). In this study, nuclei from confirmed embryonic germ cells were used as donors to determine whether they are competent for cloning and at which stage they are most competent. Embryos cloned from migrating 10.5-days-postcoitum (dpc) primordial germ cells (PGCs) showed normal morphological development to midgestation but died shortly thereafter. In contrast, embryos cloned from later-stage germ cells were developmentally delayed at midgestation. Thus, donor germ cell age inversely correlated with the developmental stage attained by cloned embryos. The methylation status of the H19- and Snrpn-imprinting control regions in germ cell clones paralleled that of the donors, and revealed that demethylation, or erasure of imprints, was already initiated in PGCs at 10.5 dpc and was complete by 13.5 dpc. Similarly, clones derived from male 15.5-dpc germ cells showed increased methylation correlating with the initiation of de novo methylation that resets imprints at this stage, and clones from neonatal germ cells showed nearly complete methylation in the H19 imprinting control region. These results indicate that the epigenetic state of the donor nucleus is retained in cloned embryos, and that germ cells are therefore inadequate nuclear donors for cloning because they are either erasing or resetting epigenetic patterns.
Fabrication of Ag@SiO<sub>2</sub>@Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er Nanostructures for Bioimaging: Tuning of the Upconversion Fluorescence with Silver Nanoparticles (2010)

We demonstrated that the nanostructures comprising silver cores and dense layers of Y(2)O(3):Er separated by a silica shell are an excellent model system to study the interaction between upconversion materials and metals in nanoscale. This architecture allows for versatile control of the Y(2)O(3):Er-metal interaction through control of the silica dielectric spacer thickness and the metal-core size. Finally, the nanoparticles are potentially interesting as fluorescent labels in, for instance (single particle), imaging experiments or bioassays which require low background or tissue penetrating wavelengths.
Bipolar depression: best practices for the outpatient. (2007)

Although certain aspects of bipolar disorder are well understood, there is a need for more information concerning management of acute bipolar depression, the effect of comorbid conditions, and long-term management of bipolar disorder. The outpatient presenting with bipolar disorder often presents with many of the key problems related to the long-term course of the disorder, including misdiagnosis and treatment non-adherence. Depressive symptoms are also prevalent during the course of bipolar disorder, with studies finding that depression can cause a low-grade "darkness" that longitudinally affects outpatients with bipolar disorder. These variable and persistent depressive symptoms may cause severe functional impairment and increased suicidality. Pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder typically includes anti-manic and mood-stabilizing medication. Although some studies find antidepressants have some positive effect, researchers have found that antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, when used as monotherapy or in conjunction with mood stabilizers, have little benefit for the treatment of bipolar disorder and may increase the likelihood of a switch into mania, hypomania, or mixed episodes. For long-term outpatient treatment, lamotrigine and lithium are proven to be highly effective. However, clinicians should also stress psychosocial treatment approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, as a principle of chronic disease management for long-term outpatients. Data on pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments are emerging, and clinicians should integrate these two treatment options into the standard of care. This expert roundtable supplement focuses on the treatment and management of the bipolar outpatient at risk for a depressive relapse as well as patients experiencing both acute and long-term symptoms of the disorder. Two case studies are presented to elucidate the best practices for the varying clinical states of bipolar disorder.
Interactive multimedia communications experiment with a networked CD-i prototype (2002)

Compact Disc-interactive is a platform which matches the bit rate of the ADSL transmission technology and the MPEG video compression algorithm. ADSL technology, coupled with the MPEG video compression algorithm, provides an ideal medium for delivery of video-on-demand and multimedia services over the existing telephone copper based loop plant. The ADSL allows for video delivery with full user control, simultaneous with existing voice services, over a single non loaded twisted pair up to 18kft or 5.5km in length. A working prototype of the complete end to end system including a networked CD-i player is demonstrated and described. The necessary technologies are now here for possible residential multimedia applications. Our experiment demonstrates feasibility of networking of the existing multimedia platforms which were originally designed for CD-ROM based stand alone systems. The approach to applications porting by virtualization these platforms is advantageous due to the existing popularity of titles as well as the existing application development systems for creation of new applications.
Rapamycin inhibits IL-4—induced dendritic cell maturation in vitro and dendritic cell mobilization and function in vivo (2003)

Rapamycin (RAPA) is a potent immunosuppressive macrolide hitherto believed to mediate its action primarily via suppression of lymphocyte responses to interleukin 2 (IL-2) and other growth factors. We show here that this view is incomplete and provide evidence that RAPA suppresses the functional activation of dendritic cells (DCs) both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, RAPA inhibits IL-4-dependent maturation and T-cell stimulatory activity of murine bone marrow-derived DCs. These effects are associated with posttranscriptional down-regulation of both subunits of the IL-4 receptor complex (CD124, CD132) and are mediated via binding of RAPA to its intracellular receptor FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12). In vivo, RAPA impairs steady-state DC generation and fms-like tyrosine 3 kinase ligand (Flt3L)-induced DC mobilization. In addition, in vivo administration of RAPA impairs DC costimulatory molecule up-regulation, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and T-cell allostimulatory capacity. These novel findings have implications for RAPA-based therapy of chronic DC-triggered autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and hematologic malignancies with activating Flt3 mutations.
Mixed-effects Modeling of the Influence of Alfentanil on Propofol Pharmacokinetics (2004)

Alfentanil alters the pharmacokinetics of propofol. Cardiac output and heart rate have an important influence on the pharmacokinetics of propofol.
Newly developed RELACS materials and processes for the 65 nm node and beyond (2006)

We have developed a new ArF-RELACS (Resolution Enhancement Lithography Assisted by Chemical Shrink) material called AZ-LExp.R720. The principle and process procedure of LExp.R720 are almost identical to those previously developed with KrF lithography. The extent of crosslinking reactions and the mobility balance of chemical components at the boundary between resist and the RELACS film is adjusted to ArF resist chemistry. LExp.R720 can vary shrinkage from 10 to 40nm by controlling the process conditions, mainly the mixing bake temperature. The amount of shrinkage is independent of pattern pitch and focus. We confirmed that pattern profile, lithography margin, CD uniformity, etching resistance, and pattern defects were not deteriorated by the RELACS process with deionized water development. L.ExpR720 was able to get an amount of shrinkage with several of ArF resists, which has commercial applications. In conclusion, we believe that LExp.R720 is extremely useful for 65 nm node and next generation devices.
IONP‐PLL: a novel non‐viral vector for efficient gene delivery (2003)

IONP-PLL, a low-toxicity vector, appears to have potential for fundamental research and genetic therapy in vitro and in vivo, especially for gene therapy of CNS disease.
Lack of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 Expression and Resistance to Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer (2007)

Although Apaf-1 is expressed in the vast majority of cervical cancers, a significant proportion of tumors with low apoptosis rates despite intratumoral hypoxia showed a lack of Apaf-1 expression. This finding suggests that loss of Apaf-1 expression is a mechanism by which hypoxic cervical cancers acquire resistance to apoptosis. Thus, low Apaf-1 expression in hypoxic tumors may be an unfavorable prognostic factor.
Industrial Nitration of Toluene to Dinitrotoluene (1996)

Technical and chemical aspects of the industrial nitration of toluene to mono- and dinitrotoluene in mixed acid are discussed. In modern mixed acid nitration plants for DNT the spent acid from the MNT-stage is purified, reconcentrated, and recycled back into the nitration process. Thus the consumption of sulfuric acid per one tonne of DNT is reduced to almost zero. Moreover, also the sulfuric-, nitric-, nitrous acid and MNT/DNT from the washing of the crude DNT and from the purification and reconcentration of the MNT spent acid are recovered and recycled back into nitration. By doing so not only the nitrate load of the waste water from a DNT nitration plant is reduced by 95 % but also the consumption figures for nitric acid are considerably improved. More than 98 % of the nitric acid needed for nitration can thus be converted to DNT.
A 0.9mW 0.01-1.4GHz Wideband CMOS Low Noise Amplifier for Low-Band Ultra Wideband Applications (2005)

This paper presents a low-power wideband CMOS LNA for low-band UWB application. An NMOS common-gate shunted by a PMOS common-source input stage achieves a wideband impedance matching -7dB from 10MHz to 1.4GHz. RF cascaded by an NMOS common-source output stage sharing the identical input stage bias current 500muA, the 0.18-mum LNA provides a gain 22dB and is insensitive to process variations. The LNA consumes 0.9mW from a 1.8-V supply and occupies an area of 0.03mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1993)

Musculoskeletal SystemMRI is widely used to assist in the diagnosis of joint injuries, bone marrow disorders, soft-tissue tumors, and other musculoskeletal abnormalities. Fibrocartilage and ligaments normally appear dark because of a paucity of mobile protons61. In the knee, MRI has a reported sensitivity of 75 to 100 percent for the identification of meniscal tears, as indicated by an increased signal intensity in the fibrocartilaginous meniscus that extends to an articular surface (Figure 6A). MRI has largely supplanted arthrography62,63. Meniscal degeneration not seen at arthroscopy is detected as an increase in intrameniscal signal intensity; this finding is . . .
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-l) Genomic Sequences and Distinct Changes in CD8+ Lymphocytes Precede Detectable Levels of HIV-l Antibodies in High-Risk Homosexuals (1991)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified regions of the gag, LTR, and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 5 (13%) of 38 high-risk homosexual men who were negative for HIV-1 antibodies by Western blot (WB). Significant increases in CD8+ cells, particularly those bearing activation CD8+CD38+ and CD8+Ia+ antigens, and marked reductions in CD4+ cells were detected in WB-PCR+ subjects compared with 33 WB-PCR- homosexuals. WB-PCR+ subjects had impaired B cell but not T cell functions. Immunologic characteristics of WB-PCR+ homosexuals were indistinguishable from those of 17 WB+PCR+ subjects. Subjects progressing from WB-PCR- to WB-PCR+ to WB+PCR+ showed sequential phenotypic and functional alterations in their B and T cell compartments. These changes and the presence of HIV-1 genomic sequences were the first indications of HIV-1 infection and together with p24 antigenemia signified an inevitable progression to AIDS.
Generating Synthetic Healthcare Records Using Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

Deep learning models have demonstrated high-quality performance in several areas such as image classification and speech processing. However, creating a deep learning model using electronic health record (EHR) data requires addressing particular privacy challenges that make this issue unique to researchers in this domain. This matter focuses attention on generating realistic synthetic data to amplify privacy. Existing methods for artificial data generation suffer from different limitations such as being bound to particular use cases. Furthermore, their generalizability to real-world problems is controversial regarding the uncertainties in defining and measuring key realistic characteristics. Henceforth, there is a need to establish insightful metrics (and to measure the validity of synthetic data), as well as quantitative criteria regarding privacy restrictions. We propose the use of Generative Adversarial Networks to help satisfy requirements for realistic characteristics and acceptable values of privacy metrics simultaneously. The present study makes several unique contributions to synthetic data generation in the healthcare domain. First, utilizing 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we devise a new approach to capturing the correlation between adjacent diagnosis records. Second, we employ convolutional autoencoders to map the discrete-continuous values. Finally, we devise a new approach to measure the similarity between real and synthetic data, and a means to measure the fidelity of the synthetic data and its associated privacy risks.
Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period (2013)

Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle were tested for tulathromycin resistance. Cattle were sampled over a 3-year period, starting 12 months after approval of tulathromycin for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Nasopharyngeal samples from approximately 5,814 cattle were collected when cattle entered feedlots (N = 4) and again from the same cattle after ≥60 days on feed. The antimicrobial use history for each animal was recorded. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 796 (13.7%) entry samples and 1,038 (20.6%) ≥ 60 days samples. Of the cattle positive for M. haemolytica, 18.5, 2.9, and 2.4% were administered therapeutic concentrations of tulathromycin, tilmicosin, or tylosin tartrate, respectively. In addition, 13.2% were administered subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin phosphate in feed. In years one and two, no tulathromycin-resistant M. haemolytica were detected, whereas five isolates (0.4%) were resistant in year three. These resistant isolates were collected from three cattle originating from a single pen, were all serotype 1, and were genetically related (≥89% similarity) according to pulsed-field gel electrophoreses patterns. The five tulathromycin-resistant isolates were multi-drug resistant also exhibiting resistance to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, ampicillin, or penicillin. The macrolide resistance genes erm(42), erm(A), erm(B), erm(F), erm(X) and msr(E)-mph(E), were not detected in the tulathromycin-resistant M. haemolytica. This study showed that tulathromycin resistance in M. haemolytica from a general population of feedlot cattle in western Canada was low and did not change over a 3-year period after tulathromycin was approved for use in cattle.
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human corticosteroid binding globulin (1985)

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) has been developed using 125 I-labelled CBG and a monospecific solid-phase CBG-antiserum (CBG-Ab-cellulose). In an RIA of serum CBG concentrations, pure CBG standards (1–100 ng protein) or samples (1 : 200) were incubated (16 h at 20 °C) with 125 I-labelled CBG and CBG-Ab-cellulose. After addition of 2 ml 0·9% NaCl, the tubes were centrifuged, supernatants were aspirated and the 125 I-labelled CBG bound to the CBG-Ab-cellulose pellet was counted. The specificity of the RIA was confirmed by parallel displacement curves for serial dilutions of male, female and pregnancy sera, as well as pure CBG standards. The mean ± s.d. recovery (99±8%) of pure CBG (1·6–25·0 ng) added to a diluted serum sample verified the accuracy of the method, and a good correlation ( r = 0·97; n = 43) existed between serum CBG cortisol binding capacity (nmol/l) measurements and CBG concentrations (mg protein/l) measured by RIA. Intra- and interassay precisions (C.V.) at low to high serum CBG concentrations were <5% and <9% respectively. The mean ± s.d. serum CBG concentrations (mg protein/l) measured by the RIA were: 21·8±4·6 in boys ( n = 12), 20·0±4·2 in girls ( n = 9), 20·7±2·7 in men ( n = 6), 20·5±2·9 in women ( n = 6) and 47·1 ±10·5 in pregnant women ( n = 5). The sensitivity of the standard curve used in the routine RIA of serum CBG was 1·0 ng CBG/assay tube, but this could be increased to 0·2 ng/assay tube by reducing the amount of CBG-Ab-cellulose used. The RIA is suitable for both clinical and research purposes, and will aid the identification of abnormal forms of CBG and facilitate studies of the regulation of CBG production in vitro . J. Endocr. (1985) 104 , 259–267
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Peru and Colombia (2021)

This paper investigates the counter-terrorism strategies employed against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in Colombia and the Shining Path (SL) in Peru and analyzes the effectiveness of those strategies. It begins by exploring the foundation of each organization and its respective goals, organization and tactics. Using this information, it then explores the counter-terrorism strategies employed by the government of each country in which the organizations were operating to determine the effectiveness of those strategies and how the structure of the terrorist organization might change that effectiveness. The paper concludes that military strategies have only been somewhat effective in neutralizing terrorist groups and have resulted in widespread human rights abuses. It finds that peace talks and attempts at negotiation have been promising, but the success of these peace-oriented efforts depends greatly on both the terrorist organization’s ideology and the decisions made by the military or administration. In short, in finding counter-terrorism strategies that minimize or prevent human rights abuses, it is vital that the government (a) understand the ideology of the terrorist organization, (b) consider multifaceted counter-terrorism strategies that incorporate possibilities for negotiation, and (c) coordinate decisions across government organizations, particularly concerning the military.
Portrait Sculpture of Thutmose IV (1987)

The sculpture of Thutmose IV is still rather poorly known, partly because there are few dated examples of it and partly because those few examples are not all published.1 There are five statues wearing the nemes, one with round wig, and one Osiride type. Although comments could be offered regarding the uraei worn and the several nemes headdresses, little has emerged from royal insignia that belongs solely to Thutmose IV. This study will show, however, that the facial likeness of the king can be definitely established by identification of a group of consistent features. The survey of the king's sculpture begins with the one piece which is familiar.