gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photopolymerization and thermal behavior of phosphate diacrylate and triacrylate used as reactive‐type flame‐retardant monomers in ultraviolet‐curable resins (2005)

Abstract Tri(acryloyloxyethyl)phosphate (TAEP) and di(acryloyloxyethyl)ethyl phosphate (DAEEP) were used as reactive‐type flame‐retardant monomers along with commercial epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate oligomers in ultraviolet (UV)‐curable resins. The concentrations of the monomers were varied from 17 to 50 wt %. The addition of the monomers greatly reduced the viscosity of the oligomers and increased the photopolymerization rates of the resins. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of the UV‐cured films were investigated with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the thermal stability at high temperatures greater than 400°C and the LOI values of the UV‐cured resins, especially those containing epoxy acrylate, were largely improved by the addition of the monomers. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the UV‐cured films were also measured. The results showed that the crosslink density increased along with the concentrations of the monomers. However, the glass‐transition temperature decreased with an increasing concentration of DAEEP because of the reduction in the rigidity of the cured films, whereas the glass‐transition temperature increased with the concentration of TAEP because of the higher crosslink density of the cured films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 185–194, 2005
FT-IR and Quantum Chemical Studies of the Interaction between Dimethyl Ether and HZSM-5 Zeolite (1996)

Adsorption of dimethyl ether (DME) on the protonated ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The coverage and temperature dependencies of characteristic bands and the adsorption on the partially deuterated zeolite were studied by FT-IR. Three bands observed at ca. 2900, 2400, and 1600 cm-1 were ascribed to the bands associated with the Brønsted acidic OH groups hydrogen-bonded to DME, and the band at ca. 3300 cm-1 was assigned to the OH stretching mode of the silanol OH groups hydrogen-bonded to DME. Both the IR and DFT results indicated that DME molecules adsorbed on OH groups by a hydrogen bonding irrespective of the acidity of the OH groups and that the oxonium ions of DME were not produced on the studied surface. The Clausius−Clapeyron plot of the OH stretching band gave the value of −82.4 kJ/mol as ΔH, the energy of adsorption at the acidic site.
A passive lossless snubber for the high power factor unidirectional three-phase three-level rectifier (2003)

This paper presents a version for three-phase three-level unidirectional rectifier employing a passive lossless snubber. The proposed rectifier operates with soft commutation without the employment of auxiliaries switches. As a consequence, its efficiency is high and its cost is low. Circuit operation, theoretical analysis, design procedure and experimental results are presented.
Chirp-free optical return-to-zero modulation based on a single microring resonator (2012)

This paper proposes a chirp-free optical return-to-zero (RZ) modulator using a double coupled microring resonator. Optical RZ modulation is achieved by applying a clock (CLK) driving signal to the input coupling region and a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) driving signal to the output coupling region. Static and time-domain coupled-mode theory (CMT) based dynamic analyse are performed to theoretically investigate its performance in RZ modulation. The criteria to realize RZ modulation are deduced. Various RZ modulation formats, including RZ phase-shift-keying (RZ-PSK), carrier-suppressed RZ (CSRZ), and RZ intensity modulation formats, can be implemented by using CLK and NRZ signals with different combinations of polarities. Numerical simulations are performed and the feasibility of our modulator at 10 Gbit/s for the multiple RZ modulation formats is verified.
Status of the light ion source developments at CEA/Saclay (2004)

SILHI (High Intensity Light Ion Source) is an ECR ion source producing high intensity proton or deuteron beams at 95 keV. It is now installed in the IPHI site building, at the CEA/Saclay center. IPHI is a front end demonstrator of high power accelerator. The source regularly delivers more than 130 mA protons in cw mode and already produced more than 170 mA deuterons in pulsed mode at nominal energy. The last beam characterizations, including emittance measurements, space charge compensation analysis, and diagnostic improvements, will be reported. Taking into account the SILHI experience, new developments are in progress to build and test a 5 mA deuteron source working in cw mode. This new source will also operate at 2.45 GHz and permanent magnets will provide the magnetic configuration. This source, of which the design will be discussed, will have to fit in with the SPIRAL 2 accelerator developed at GANIL to produce radioactive ion beams. The H− test stand status is briefly presented here and detailed in companion papers.
High quality epitaxial graphene by hydrogen-etching of 3C-SiC(111) thin-film on Si(111) (2017)

Etching with atomic hydrogen, as a preparation step before the high-temperature growth process of graphene onto a thin 3C-SiC film grown on Si(111), greatly improves the structural quality of topmost graphene layers. Pit formation and island coalescence, which are typical of graphene growth by SiC graphitization, are quenched and accompanied by widening of the graphene domain sizes to hundreds of nanometers, and by a significant reduction in surface roughness down to a single substrate bilayer. The surface reconstructions expected for graphene and the underlying layer are shown with atomic resolution by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Spectroscopic features typical of graphene are measured by core-level photoemission and Raman spectroscopy.
Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Hand Movements from Noninvasive Electroencephalographic Signals (2010)

It is generally thought that the signal-to-noise ratio, the bandwidth, and the information content of neural data acquired via noninvasive scalp electroencephalography (EEG) are insufficient to extract detailed information about natural, multijoint movements of the upper limb. Here, we challenge this assumption by continuously decoding three-dimensional (3D) hand velocity from neural data acquired from the scalp with 55-channel EEG during a 3D center-out reaching task. To preserve ecological validity, five subjects self-initiated reaches and self-selected targets. Eye movements were controlled so they would not confound the interpretation of the results. With only 34 sensors, the correlation between measured and reconstructed velocity profiles compared reasonably well to that reported by studies that decoded hand kinematics from neural activity acquired intracranially. We subsequently examined the individual contributions of EEG sensors to decoding to find substantial involvement of scalp areas over the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the reaching hand. Using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), we identified distributed current density sources related to hand velocity in the contralateral precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. Furthermore, we discovered that movement variability negatively correlated with decoding accuracy, a finding to consider during the development of brain-computer interface systems. Overall, the ability to continuously decode 3D hand velocity from EEG during natural, center-out reaching holds promise for the furtherance of noninvasive neuromotor prostheses for movement-impaired individuals.
Thermoresponsive Poly(α-peptoid)s: Tuning the Cloud Point Temperatures by Composition and Architecture (2012)

Random copolymers based on poly(<i>N</i>-ethyl glycine) and poly(<i>N</i>-butyl glycine) have been synthesized by NHC-mediated or primary amine-initiated copolymerization of the corresponding <i>N</i>-substituted <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride monomers (i.e., Et-NCA and Bu-NCA), respectively. The copolymers are thermally responsive and exhibit reversible phase transitions with tunable cloud point temperature (<i>T</i><sub>cp</sub>) in aqueous solution. The <i>T</i><sub>cp</sub> can be readily tuned in the temperature range 20-60 °C by controlling the copoly(α-peptoid) composition and the architecture (i.e., cyclic vs linear). The copoly(α-peptoid)s are noncytotoxic (similar to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a benchmark biocompatible polymer), suggesting their potential use in biotechnology and biomedicine.
Evolutionary relationships among sulfur- and iron-oxidizing eubacteria (1992)

Some 37 reverse transcriptase, partial 16S rRNA sequences from sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing eubacteria, including sequences from species of the genera Thiobacillus, Thiothrix, Thiomicrospira, Acidophilium, "Leptospirillum," Thiovulum, and Chlorobium, have been determined. In addition, 16S sequences from a number of unnamed sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing bacteria from hydrothermal vent sites, from invertebrate-bacterial endosymbioses, and from various mineral recovery operations also have been determined. The majority of sequences place their bacterial donors in one or another of the subdivisions of the Proteobacteria. However, three unnamed facultatively thermophilic iron-oxidizing isolates, Alv, BC, and TH3, are affiliated with the gram-positive division. One H2S-oxidizer, from the genus Thiovulum, is affiliated with Campylobacter, Wolinella, and other genera in what appears to be a new subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Three "Leptospirillum"-helical vibrioid isolates, BU-1, LfLa, and Z-2, exhibit no clear phylum level affiliation at all, other than their strong relationship to each other. A picture is emerging of an evolutionary widespread capacity for sulfur and/or iron oxidation among the eubacteria.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Unusual Lupane Saponins from<i>Bupleurum fruticescens</i> (1998)

Extracts from Bupleurum fruticescens were examined for oral and topical anti-inflammatory activities. The BuOH extract proved to be active against carrageenan and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate acute edemas and allowed the isolation of three saponins identified by spectroscopic techniques as 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid (fruticesaponin A), 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (fruticesaponin B), and 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (fruticesaponin C). These compounds were studied against carrageenan, tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, arachidonic acid and ethyl phenylpropiolate acute edemas. Fruticesaponin B, a bidesmosidic saponin with an unbranched saccharide moiety was the most active in all the tests applied.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Porphyrin in CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction upon Immobilization on Carbon Materials (2017)

In a comparative study of the electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, cobalt meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) is used as a model molecular catalyst under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. In the former case, employing N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent, CoTPP performs poorly as an electrocatalyst giving low product selectivity in a slow reaction at a high overpotential. However, upon straightforward immobilization of CoTPP onto carbon nanotubes, a remarkable enhancement of the electrocatalytic abilities is seen with CO<sub>2</sub> becoming selectively reduced to CO (>90 %) at a low overpotential in aqueous medium. This effect is ascribed to the particular environment created by the aqueous medium at the catalytic site of the immobilized catalyst that facilitates the adsorption and further reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> . This work highlights the significance of assessing an immobilized molecular catalyst from more than homogeneous measurements alone.
Anomalous laser-induced voltages in YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> and ‘‘off-diagonal’’ thermoelectricity (1994)

Large anomalous laser-induced voltages observed in YBa2Cu3Ox are explained as the result of ‘‘off diagonal’’ thermoelectricity, an uncommon phenomenon which may only occur in low symmetry environments. The effect is accompanied by a large electrical impedance transformation and the coupling of electrical and thermal currents in orthogonal directions. It thus offers new thin film applications for power generation, cooling, heat pumping, heat flow measurement, and the fast self-powered sensing of optical and other radiation energy absorbed in thin layers.
Synthetic Organic Chemical Models for Transmembrane Channels (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Organic Chemical Models for Transmembrane ChannelsGeorge W. Gokel and Oscar MurilloView Author Information Bioorganic Chemistry Program and Department of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8103, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 9, 425–432Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1996Publication History Received17 April 1996Published online11 September 1996Published inissue 11 September 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9601353https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9601353research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cations,Charge transport,Membranes,Peptides and proteins,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Detection of Low-Level Mixed-Population Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using High Fidelity Amplicon Sequencing (2015)

Undetected and untreated, low-levels of drug resistant (DR) subpopulations in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections may lead to development of DR-tuberculosis, potentially resulting in treatment failure. Current phenotypic DR susceptibility testing has a theoretical potential for 1% sensitivity, is not quantitative, and requires several weeks to complete. The use of "single molecule-overlapping reads" (SMOR) analysis with next generation DNA sequencing for determination of ultra-rare target alleles in complex mixtures provides increased sensitivity over standard DNA sequencing. Ligation free amplicon sequencing with SMOR analysis enables the detection of resistant allele subpopulations at ≥0.1% of the total Mtb population in near real-time analysis. We describe the method using standardized mixtures of DNA from resistant and susceptible Mtb isolates and the assay's performance for detecting ultra-rare DR subpopulations in DNA extracted directly from clinical sputum samples. SMOR analysis enables rapid near real-time detection and tracking of previously undetectable DR sub-populations in clinical samples allowing for the evaluation of the clinical relevance of low-level DR subpopulations. This will provide insights into interventions aimed at suppressing minor DR subpopulations before they become clinically significant.
Comparison of nociceptive behavior in prostaglandin E, F, D, prostacyclin and thromboxane receptor knockout mice (2008)

Antagonist at specific prostaglandin receptors might provide analgesia with a more favourable toxicity profile compared with cyclooxygenase inhibitors. We analyzed nociceptive responses in prostaglandin D, E, F, prostacyclin and thromboxane receptor knockout mice and mice deficient of cyclooxygenase 1 or 2 to evaluate the contribution of individual prostaglandin receptors for heat, mechanical and formalin-evoked pain. None of the knockouts was uniformly protected from all of these pain stimuli but COX-1 and EP4 receptor knockouts presented with reduced heat pain and EP3 receptor and COX-2 knockout mice had reduced licking responses in the 2nd phase of the formalin assay. This was accompanied with reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn in EP3 knockouts. Oppositely, heat pain sensitivity was increased in FP, EP1 and EP1+3 double mutant mice possibly due to a loss of FP or EP1 receptor mediated central control of thermal pain sensitivity. Deficiency of either EP2 or DP1 was associated with increased formalin-evoked flinching responses and c-Fos IR in dorsal horn neurons suggesting facilitated spinal cord pain reflex circuity. Thromboxane and prostacyclin receptor knockout mice showed normal pain behavior in all tests. The results suggest a differential, pain-stimulus and site-specific contribution of specific PG-receptors for the processing of the nociceptive stimuli, a differential modulation of nociceptive responses by COX-1 and COX-2 derived prostaglandins and compensatory and/or developmental adaptations in mice lacking specific PG receptors.
Study on the multi-modal data preprocessing for knowledge-converged super brain (2016)

Due to the ever-growing amount of data produced through versatile hyper-connected networks, in pursuit of the Internet of Everything (IoE), the challenges to derive useful knowledge from these big IoE data have received increasing attention. This research deals with fusing multi-modal data from the IoE networks, in order to efficiently provide a set of highly relevant input data for further high-level data analytics such as machine learning. We propose a functional structure of such a data fusion and implement a system prototype based on Apache Spark. Further, our concept is validated through the experiments using the KDD Cup 1999 data.
Microbiologic efficacy of intravaginal clindamycin cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (1991)

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by replacement of the normal Lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora with Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, and Mycoplasma hominis. The present study evaluated the vaginal flora of women with bacterial vaginosis before and after treatment with intravaginal clindamycin cream. Sixty-seven nonpregnant women with symptoms and signs of bacterial vaginosis, and without other genital tract infections, were randomly assigned to receive placebo cream or 0.1, 1, or 2% clindamycin cream. Quantitative vaginal cultures for facultative and anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas were performed at enrollment and at 4-7 days and 4-5 weeks after completion of therapy. At enrollment, G vaginalis was recovered from 99%, Bacteroides sp from 94%, Peptostreptococcus sp from 81%, and M hominis from 58% of the 67 women with bacterial vaginosis. The vaginal cultures yielded a median of 12 isolates per specimen, with equal numbers of aerobic and anaerobic species. The mean log concentration was 1.2 X 10(9) cfu/mL for aerobic and 2.6 X 10(8) cfu/mL for anaerobic bacteria. After treatment, the frequency and concentration of bacteria per milliliter of vaginal fluid decreased for G vaginalis, Bacteroides sp, Peptostreptococcus sp, and M hominis. The 2% clindamycin cream had the greatest effect on the bacterial vaginosis-associated flora and resulted in clinical resolution of bacterial vaginosis in 15 (94%) of 16 women. Treatment with lower concentrations of clindamycin cream had less effect on the vaginal flora and resulted in clinical cure in 25 (71%) of 35 women. Therapy was associated with an increase in the frequency and concentration of Lactobacillus, and a probably transient increase in the frequency of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition by 6-mercaptopurine of the binding of a benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide to DNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1990)

The finding that 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9,10-t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE-I) is stabilized against hydrolysis by binding to cellular membranes suggested that nucleophilic compounds which would colocalize with BPDE-I in membranes might inhibit the deleterious biological effects of BPDE-I. We have explored the possibility that hydrophobic, sulfhydryl-containing compounds might provide such inhibition using the binding of BPDE-I to DNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells as a biological end point. Of several such compounds tested, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was the most potent, exhibiting 50% inhibition of BPDE-I:DNA binding at about 30 microM and about 95% inhibition at 500 microM. 6-MP, at concentrations of 30 microM or greater, was also effective in preventing the induction of mutations by BPDE-I at the aprt locus. By varying the time of addition of the two compounds, it was shown that the action of 6-MP is intracellular. In vitro, 6-MP readily forms an adduct with BPDE-I, and the same adduct is found as a major metabolite in cells treated with BPDE-I and 6-MP. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that 6-MP and BPDE-I colocalize in membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells and form a covalent adduct, thus preventing the BPDE-I from interacting with critical cellular macromolecules such as DNA. Several nontoxic derivatives of 6-MP (9-methyl-6-MP, 2,6-dithiopurine) or analogues of 6-MP (4-mercapto-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) were also tested in the Chinese hamster ovary cell system and found to inhibit binding of BPDE-I to DNA with potencies comparable to that of 6-MP.
Intracranial calcifications on CT: an updated review (2019)

Intracranial calcifications are frequently encountered in non-contrast computed tomography scan in both adult and pediatric age groups. They refer to calcifications within the brain parenchyma or vasculature and can be classified into several major categories: physiologic/age-related, dystrophic, congenital disorders/phakomatoses, infectious, vascular, neoplastic, metabolic/endocrine, inflammatory and toxic diseases. In this updated review, we present a wide spectrum of intracranial calcifications from both pediatric and adult populations focusing on their pattern, size and location.