gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Filtering, Modeling and Visualization for Nano‐Medicine (2003)

Abstract The 3D structures of individual proteins or small complexes, such as most of the Protein Data Bank entries, are still unable to yield the ''full picture'' of a functional biological complex. The study of large macromolecular complexes, such as viruses, ion channels, the ribosome and other macromolecular machines of various types, offer more complete structural and functional description of the nano‐machinery of life. In addition to x‐ray crystallography. NMR spectroscopy, electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) imaging of single particles, and in‐vivo molecular tomographic imaging has become indispensable at revealing the structures of large macromolecular complexes at subnanometer resolutions. In this talk, I shall describe some of the recent computational advances in filtering, modeling, analysis and visualization, that have propelled structure determination by cryoEM and tomographic imaging, to steadily increasing accuracy.
Analysis of the Digital Phase Tracking Technique for Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (1997)

A new open-loop signal processing technique of digital phase tracking is known to have a Potential to solve the problems in the open-loop processor such as limited dynamic range, dependence on the optical intensity fluctuations, and dependence on gain fluctuations of signal path. But new problems with digital phase tracking must be solved before it can be a useful signal processing method. In this paper, barriers to the success of the digital phase tracking such as harmonics content, phase difference, amplitude variations of the phase modulation(PM) signal, bandwidth limit of the signal path, and the implementation of the mixer, are pointed out and their effects on the performance of the signal processor are analyzed to calculate the requirements of the signal processor for -grade FOG.
Providing appropriate exercise levels for the elderly (2001)

We propose a unique fuzzy system design for adjusting the cycle ergometer work-load to each individual's physical work capacity. We observed the physical work capacity by measuring the heart rate and a muscular-fatigue-related index. A set of fuzzy membership functions was determined for three different phases during a trial of exercise with a progressively increasing workload. Since the available objective data was limited in describing changes in physical activities, the fuzzy rules for workload control were designed to reflect the different types and different time-scales of physical information. We examined 18 elderly people and periodically redesigned die fuzzy inference for eight selected persons over a seven-month period.
Compounds with potential second order non‐linear optical activity (1991)

Abstract The synthesis is described of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and piperazine derivatives of potential interest for second‐order NL optical activity.
Development of calculation technology for shift cable arrangement. On the cable route and load efficiency analysis by finite element method; Shift cable haisaku keisan gijutsu no kaihatsu (1995)

A prediction method has been developed using the finite element method for the purpose of determining cable routes between multiple clamps in the transmission shift cable arrangement. The cable is composed of an inner cable and outer casing, the inner cable being a steel line approximately 1mm in diameter and the outer casing being a combination of steel and resin. In the analysis, a finite element model of a beam element was used, with the inner cable and the outer case being treated as one single specimen cable. In the initial state, the specimen cable was straight in shape with the transmission side end thereof totally constrained from any movement. The cable is then gradually forced to change its position to reach to the clamping positions, with the cable being allowed to rotate or move in the longitudinal direction, for the shift lever side thereof to finally arrive at the predetermined position. There was a difference of approximately 2% of the total cable length between the result of the analysis and the actually measured route, which enables the recognition that there is no problem and is practically enough precision in this method wherein the inner cable and outer casing are treated as a single structure and the material characteristics are linearly approximated. Further, efforts were made with the help of load efficiency analysis for improving on the feeling that one experiences during a shifting act. 7 refs., 15 figs.
Comparative studies of the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of pilin derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and PAO (1985)

The entire amino acid sequence for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO pilin was determined through peptide sequencing and from the complete nucleotide sequence encoding the pilin gene. The precursor PAO pilin is 149 amino acids in length which includes a 6-amino-acid positively charged leader sequence. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of pilin produced by P. aeruginosa PAO and PAK reveals a region of high homology corresponding to the leader peptide and residues 1 to 54 of the mature pilin. The amino acid sequence of the peptide encompassing the major antigenic determinant of PAK differs greatly from that of the equivalent region in PAO. The C-terminal regions of these proteins are semiconserved. Few major differences were found when the predicted secondary structures for PAO and PAK pilins were compared. Major nucleotide sequence variation between the equivalent restriction fragments from PAO and PAK occurred within the areas coding for the peptides containing the immunodominant site for PAK pilin and the C termini.
Transient light scattering by domain switching in ferroelectric liquid crystal and its application as fast opto-electronics device (1984)

Transient light scattering due to the domain switching by the polarity reversal of applied field in ferroelectric liquid crystals like DOBAMBC and HOBACPC is studied as functions of applied voltage, cell thickness and temperature.By the repetition of polarity reversals of applied voltage, the transmission intensity of light through a cell of ferroelectric liquid crystal can be controlled in any time duration and this phenomenon is proposed to apply as an electro-optic device. The switching speed is found to be in μsec range and the contrast is extremely high. The characteristic as the electro-optic device is discussed in comparison with usual TN, DSM and Clark's type display devices.
Progress with Biofuels Will Depend on, Drive Microbiology Research (2006)

Several millennia before van Leeuwenhoek first saw microorganisms in the 18th century, ordinary people depended on them for making useful products, including alcoholic beverages, bread, cheese, and yogurt. Now national leaders in major industrial countries, including the United States, are looking to microbes to convert renewable biomass into ethanol and thus to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels for energy. In the United States, ethanol fuels are produced mainly from corn kernels, yielding more than 4 billion gallons yearly—a drop in the bucket compared to the oil consumed as fuel.
Electrophilic reactions at single bonds. 25. Nitration of adamantane and diamantane with nitronium tetrafluoroborate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic reactions at single bonds. 25. Nitration of adamantane and diamantane with nitronium tetrafluoroborateGeorge A. Olah, Pichika Ramaiah, Chandra B. Rao, Graham Sandford, Rasul Golam, Nirupam J. Trivedi, and Judith A. OlahCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7246–7249Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views998Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation and Characterisation of Cisplatin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Displaying a Stem-Like Signature (2013)

Our results identified cisplatin resistant subpopulations of NSCLC cells with a putative stem-like signature, providing a further understanding of the cellular events associated with the cisplatin resistance phenotype in lung cancer.
AWSOM: Adaptive, Hands-Off Stream Mining (2003)

Sensor devices and embedded processors are becoming ubiquitous, especially in measurement and monitoring applications. Automatic discovery of patterns and trends in the large volumes of such data is of paramount importance. The combination of relatively limited resources (CPU, memory and/or communication bandwidth and power) poses some interesting challenges. We need both powerful and concise &quot;languages&quot; to represent the important features of the data, which can (a) adapt and handle arbitrary periodic components, including bursts, and (b) require little memory and a single pass over the data.
Adsorption Dynamics of Gases and Vapors on the Nanoporous Metal Organic Framework Material Ni<sub>2</sub>(4,4‘-Bipyridine)<sub>3</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:  Guest Modification of Host Sorption Behavior (2001)

This study combines measurements of the thermodynamics and kinetics of guest sorption with powder X-ray diffraction measurements of the nanoporous metal organic framework adsorbent (host) at different adsorptive (guest) loadings. The adsorption characteristics of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and ethanol and methanol vapors on Ni2(4,4'-bipyridine)3(NO3)4 were studied over a range of temperatures as a function of pressure. Isotherm steps were observed for both carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide adsorption at approximately 10-20% of the total pore volume and at approximately 70% of total pore volume for methanol adsorption. The adsorption kinetics obey a linear driving force (LDF) mass transfer model for adsorption at low surface coverage. At high surface coverage, both methanol and ethanol adsorption follow a combined barrier resistance/diffusion model. The rates of adsorption in the region of both the carbon dioxide and methanol isotherm steps were significantly slower than those observed either before or after the step. X-ray diffraction studies at various methanol loadings showed that the host structure disordered initially but underwent a structural change in the region of the isotherm step. These isotherm steps are ascribed to discrete structural changes in the host adsorbent that are induced by adsorption on different sites. Isotherm steps were not observed for ethanol adsorption, which followed a Langmuir isotherm. Previous X-ray crystallography studies have shown that all the sites are equivalent for ethanol adsorption on Ni2(4,4'-bipyridine)3(NO3)4, with the host structure undergoing a scissoring motion and the space group remaining unchanged during adsorption. The activation energies and preexponential factors for methanol and ethanol adsorption were calculated for each pressure increment at which the linear driving force model was obeyed. There was a good correlation between activation energy and ln(preexponential factor), indicating a compensation effect. The results are discussed in terms of reversible adsorbate/adsorbent (guest/host) structural changes and interactions and the adsorption mechanism. The paper contains the first evidence of specific interactions between guests and functional groups leading to structural change in flexible porous coordination polymer frameworks.
Methanandamide Hyperpolarizes Gastric Arteries by Stimulation of TRPV1 Receptors on Perivascular CGRP Containing Nerves (2006)

Endogenous as well as synthetic cannabinoids have potent vasodilatory actions in a variety of vascular preparations. Their precise mechanism of action is as yet unclear, but several studies point to the activation of type 1 vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors on primary afferent perivascular nerves, stimulating the release of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Given the documented gastroprotective function of these nerves, and the various gastrointestinal effects reported for cannabinoids, we explored a possible link between these systems in the gastric circulation by comparing responses of small gastric arteries to cannabinoids and to calcitonin gene related peptide using conventional microelectrode techniques. Exposure of small gastric arteries to the stable endocannabinoid analogue methanandamide caused a hyperpolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cells, which was completely abolished by the vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine (P < 0.01). Exposure to exogenous calcitonin gene related peptide evoked fully reproducible (P > 0.05) hyperpolarizations with similar time course, unaffected by capsazepine. Preincubation with glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, reversed both responses to methanandamide (P < 0.01) and calcitonin gene related peptide (P < 0.05). Similar results were found in rat mesenteric arteries. These findings show that cannabinoids stimulate TRPV1 receptors, presumably causing the release of calcitonin gene related peptide, which hyperpolarizes the smooth muscle cells by activation of KATP channels. Because membrane hyperpolarization is a powerful mediator of vasorelaxation, this novel pathway might prove to be an important mechanism affording gastroprotection.
Eddies, streams, and convergence zones in turbulent flows (1988)

Recent studies of turbulent shear flows have shown that many of their important kinematical and dynamical properties can be more clearly understood by describing the flows in terms of individual events or streamline patterns. These events or flow regions are studied because they are associated with relatively large contributions to certain average properties of the flow, for example kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, or to particular processes in the flow, such as mixing and chemical reactions, which may be concentrated at locations where streamlines converge for fast chemical reactions (referred to as convergence or C regions), or in recirculating eddying regions for slow chemical reactions. The aim of this project was to use the numerical simulations to develop suitable criteria for defining these eddying or vortical zones. The C and streaming (S) zones were defined in order to define the whole flow field. It is concluded that homogeneous and sheared turbulent flow fields are made up of characteristic flow zones: eddy, C, and S zones. A set of objective criteria were found which describe regions in which the streamlines circulate, converge or diverge, and form high streams of high velocity flow.
A Randomized Trial to Improve Self-Management Practices of Adults With Asthma (1990)

The prevalence and impact of adult asthma are substantial, and poor self-management practices, especially failures to adhere to treatment regimens, appear to be a significant problem. Desirable characteristics of an intervention program to improve self-management were identified through needs assessment and review of existing patient education resources. A comprehensive program was developed that integrated a workbook with one-to-one counseling and adherence-enhancing strategies. A longitudinal 1-year study compared patients receiving this self-management program with "usual care" patients receiving standard asthma pamphlets. Patients were randomly assigned to conditions. Baseline score and asthma severity were statistically controlled. Self-management patients had substantially better adherence than usual care patients, as well as improved functional status, at follow-up. Hospital and emergency department visits decreased in both groups but did not differ between groups.
Cryptanalysis of the GST stream cipher (2004)

In this paper, cryptanalysis is performed on the GST stream cipher, a cipher which uses cascaded 2-bit s-boxes. The results indicate that the output probabilities for single outputs, digraphs, and trigraphs asymptotically approach those of a random sequence generator. The cipher output was also subjected to a number of statistical tests for random sequences, including the Chi-square test, Lempel-Ziv test, and Maurer's Universal test. The output keystream passed all these randomness tests. A cryptographic attack was also mounted against the cipher, but results show that it requires more work than exhaustive key search. All of these results increase our confidence in the security of the cipher.
Novel genetic basis of field‐evolved resistance to Bt toxins in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (2005)

Insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used to control pest insects, but evolution of resistance threatens their continued efficacy. The most common type of Bt resistance ('Mode 1') is characterized by recessive inheritance, > 500-fold resistance to at least one Cry1A toxin, negligible cross-resistance to Cry1C, and reduced binding of Bt toxins to midgut membrane target sites. Mutations affecting a Cry1A-binding midgut cadherin protein are linked to laboratory-selected Mode 1 resistance in Heliothis virescens and Pectinophora gossypiella. Here we show that field-evolved Mode 1 resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, has a different genetic basis, indicating that screening for resistance in the field should not be restricted to a previously proposed DNA-based search for cadherin mutations.
Topochemistry of zeolites and related materials. 1. Topology and geometry (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTopochemistry of zeolites and related materials. 1. Topology and geometryJoseph V. SmithCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1, 149–182Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00083a008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00083a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2594Altmetric-Citations580LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Service Delivery Framework - An Architectural Strategy for Next-Generation Service Delivery in Business Network (2011)

The next-generation of service-oriented architecture (SOA) needs to scale for flexible service consumption, beyond organizational and application boundaries, into communities, ecosystems and business networks. In wider and, ultimately, global settings, new capabilities are needed so that business partners can efficiently and reliably enable, adapt and expose services. Those services can then be discovered, ordered, consumed, metered and paid for, through new applications and opportunities, driven by third-parties in the global "village". This trend is already underway, in different ways, through different early adopter market segments. This paper proposes an architectural strategy for the provisioning and delivery of services in communities, ecosystems and business networks - a Service Delivery Framework (SDF). The SDF is intended to support multiple industries and deployments where a SOA platform is needed for collaborating partners and diverse consumers. Specifically, it is envisaged that the SDF allows providers to publish their services into network directories so that they can be re-purposed, traded and consumed, and leveraging network utilities like B2B gateways and cloud hosting. To support these different facets of service delivery, the SDF extends the conventional service provider, service broker and service consumer of the Web Services Architecture to include service gateway, service hoster, service aggregator and service channel maker.
Gas detection with microelectromechanical Fabry-Perot interferometer technology in cell phone (2015)

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland has developed a miniaturized optical sensor for gas detection in a cell phone. The sensor is based on a microelectromechanical (MEMS) Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is a structure with two highly reflective surfaces separated by a tunable air gap. The MEMS FPI is a monolithic device, i.e. it is made entirely on one substrate in a batch process, without assembling separate pieces together. The gap is adjusted by moving the upper mirror with electrostatic force, so there are no actual moving parts. VTT has designed and manufactured a MEMS FPI based carbon dioxide sensor demonstrator which is integrated to a cell phone shield cover. The demonstrator contains light source, gas cell, MEMS FPI, detector, control electronics and two coin cell batteries as a power source. It is connected to the cell phone by Bluetooth. By adjusting the wavelength range and customizing the MEMS FPI structure, it is possible to selectively sense multiple gases.
Origin of 1/<i>f</i> noise in graphene multilayers: Surface vs. volume (2013)

Low-frequency noise with the spectral density S(f)~1/f^g (f is the frequency and g~1) is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which hampers operation of many devices and circuits. A long-standing question of particular importance for electronics is whether 1/f noise is generated on the surface of electrical conductors or inside their volumes. Using high-quality graphene multilayers we were able to directly address this fundamental problem of the noise origin. Unlike the thickness of metal or semiconductor films, the thickness of graphene multilayers can be continuously and uniformly varied all the way down to a single atomic layer of graphene - the actual surface. We found that 1/f noise becomes dominated by the volume noise when the thickness exceeds ~7 atomic layers (~2.5 nm). The 1/f noise is the surface phenomenon below this thickness. The obtained results are important for continuous downscaling of conventional electronics and for the proposed graphene applications in sensors and communications.
Self-Rated Health and Diabetes of Long Duration: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (1998)

Factors related to diabetes contribute to self-assessed health. some of these factors may be modifiable, which, if altered, may lead to improved quality of life.