gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Matrix Degradation in Rheumatoid Arthritis<sup>a</sup> (1990)

In the inflammatory synovium production of collagenase is probably responsible for the degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix and distortion of the architecture and function of the joints. Major collagenase-producing cells are mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts and chondrocytes, which synthesize and secrete the enzyme influenced by the action of cytokines produced by adjacent mononuclear cells. The cytokines act primarily through cell-surface receptors, whose signal is probably then mediated by complexes of nuclear oncoproteins, to activate transcription of the procollagenase gene. The increased production of collagenase ultimately is the result of a cascade of cellular effects involving complex interactions of different ligands in a system characterized by amplification and feedback loops.
Bone sialoprotein and its transcriptional regulatory mechanism (2007)

Bone sialoprotein protects cells from complement-mediated cellular lysis, activates matrix metalloproteinase 2 and has an angiogenic capacity. Therefore, regulation of the bone sialoprotein gene is potentially important in the differentiation of osteoblasts, bone matrix mineralization and tumor metastasis. This review highlights the function and transcriptional regulation of bone sialoprotein.
Fault Analysis of Multiphase Distribution Systems Using Symmetrical Components (2010)

The paper presents a new approach for performing the fault analysis of multiphase distribution networks based on the symmetrical components. The multiphase distribution system is represented by an equivalent three-phase system; hence, the single-phase and two-phase line segments are represented in terms of their sequence values. The proposed technique allows the state of the art short-circuit analysis solvers to analyze unbalanced distribution networks. The fault currents calculated using the proposed technique is compared with the phase components short-circuit analysis solver. The obtained results for the IEEE radial test feeders show that the proposed technique is accurate. Based on the proposed method, the existing commercial grade short-circuit analysis solvers based on sequence networks can be utilized for performing unbalanced distribution systems.
Expert system building tool for process control: MARKS-II (2003)

An expert system-building tool for process control, MARKS-II, can cooperate with conventional control systems and can infer at a very high speed. This tool is described, and its close linkage function with conventional systems is examined in detail. A case study is presented which demonstrates the efficiency of the tool. The implementation is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acarbose in the Treatment of Type I Diabetes (1997)

Acarbose was found to be a safe and effective agent, when used in combination with diet and insulin therapy, for the treatment of type I diabetes.
Locus-Specific Control of DNA Methylation by the<i>Arabidopsis</i>SUVH5 Histone Methyltransferase (2006)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, heterochromatin formation is guided by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers methylation of histone H3 at Lys-9 (H3 mK9) and CG plus non-CG methylation on identical DNA sequences. At heterochromatin targets including transposons and centromere repeats, H3 mK9 mediated by the Su(var)3-9 homologue 4 (SUVH4)/KYP histone methyltransferase (MTase) is required for the maintenance of non-CG methylation by the CMT3 DNA MTase. Here, we show that although SUVH4 is the major H3 K9 MTase, the SUVH5 protein also has histone MTase activity in vitro and contributes to the maintenance of H3 mK9 and CMT3-mediated non-CG methylation in vivo. Strikingly, the relative contributions of SUVH4, SUVH5, and a third related histone MTase, SUVH6, to non-CG methylation are locus-specific. For example, SUVH4 and SUVH5 together control transposon sequences with only a minor contribution from SUVH6, whereas SUVH4 and SUVH6 together control a transcribed inverted repeat source of dsRNA with only a minor contribution from SUVH5. This locus-specific variation suggests different mechanisms for recruiting or activating SUVH enzymes at different heterochromatic sequences. The suvh4 suvh5 suvh6 triple mutant loses both monomethyl and dimethyl H3 K9 at target loci. The suvh4 suvh5 suvh6 mutant also displays a loss of non-CG methylation similar to a cmt3 mutant, indicating that SUVH4, SUVH5, and SUVH6 together control CMT3 activity.
Suberedamines A and B, New Bromotyrosine Alkaloids from a Sponge <i>Suberea</i> Species (2001)

Two new cytotoxic bromotyrosine alkaloids, suberedamines A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Suberea sp. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical means.
Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery (2007)

This review provides some evidence to show that there is no statistically significant difference in postoperative discomfort, level of patient satisfaction, plate exposure or infection for plate and screw fixation using either titanium or resorbable materials in orthognathic surgery.
Reaction of representative alkynes with monochloroborane diethyl etherate. Simple convenient synthesis of dialkenylchloroboranes via hydroboration (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of representative alkynes with monochloroborane diethyl etherate. Simple convenient synthesis of dialkenylchloroboranes via hydroborationHerbert C. Brown and N. RavindranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 8, 1617–1618Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00948a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00948a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein expression by<i>Streptococcus uberis</i>in co-culture with bovine mammary epithelial cells (1998)

Three strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from dairy cows with mastitis were co-cultured with a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without fetal bovine serum. Protein profiles from culture supernatants and bacterial pellets among different treatments were compared by electrophoresis. There were proteins induced or having increased expression in both supernatant and surface-associated samples from S. uberis co-cultured with MAC-T cells. Some of these proteins were recognized by antibodies in serum obtained from a cow infected by S. uberis. In supernatant samples, there were two distinct protein bands at 35 and 36.8 kDa for all three strains of S. uberis co-cultured with MAC-T cells. These two bands were absent when bacterial protein synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol. This study clearly indicates that bacterial protein expression was regulated in response to co-culture with mammary epithelial cells.
Properties of Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase in Nucleotide-Permeable Cells (1973)

Ribonucleoside diphosphate (RDP) reductase activity can be readily assayed in ether-treated Escherichia coli cells. The rate of cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) reduction observed in ether-treated cells by using saturating substrate concentrations is about 25% of the rate of de novo deoxyribonucleotide synthesis required to account for in vivo deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Optimal activity is observed in the presence of magnesium ions and a positive effector. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), deoxy ATP (dATP), and deoxythimidine triphosphate serve as positive effectors, and dATP also serves as a negative effector. These effects on the activity in ether-treated cells resemble those observed in vitro with highly purified enzyme. When the RDP reductase activity in these cells is assayed by using high specific activity (3)H-CDP as substrate, even at nonsaturating substrate concentrations, the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to make it useful for the assay of the low levels of reductase activity in cells not derepressed by thymine starvation or in cells containing mutationally altered RDP reductase. This assay is much easier to perform than the usual in vitro assay, since thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and enzyme subunits B1 or B2 need not be first purified and added to the reaction mixtures.
Altered hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha expression levels correlate with coronary vessel anomalies (2009)

The outflow tract myocardium and other regions corresponding to the location of the major coronary vessels of the developing chicken heart, display a high level of hypoxia as assessed by the hypoxia indicator EF5. The EF5-positive tissues were also specifically positive for nuclear-localized hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), the oxygen-sensitive component of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) heterodimer. This led to our hypothesis that there is a "template" of hypoxic tissue that determines the stereotyped pattern of the major coronary vessels. In this study, we disturbed this template by altering ambient oxygen levels (hypoxia 15%; hyperoxia 75-40%) during the early phases of avian coronary vessel development, in order to alter tissue hypoxia, HIF-1alpha protein expression, and its downstream target genes without high mortality. We also altered HIF-1alpha gene expression in the embryonic outflow tract cardiomyocytes by injecting an adenovirus containing a constitutively active form of HIF-1alpha (AdCA5). We assayed for coronary anomalies using anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistology. When incubated under abnormal oxygen levels or injected with a low titer of the AdCA5, coronary arteries displayed deviations from their normal proximal connections to the aorta. These deviations were similar to known clinical anomalies of coronary arteries. These findings indicated that developing coronary vessels may be subject to a level of regulation that is dependent on differential oxygen levels within cardiac tissues and subsequent HIF-1 regulation of gene expression.
Bragg switch for optical channel waveguides (1978)

An optical switch based on the deflection of optical beams between two crossed channel waveguides by an electro-optic grating was designed and tested. The waveguide medium is Ti-diffused LiNbO3. At 30 V applied voltage, 92% depletion in the original channel and 48% deflection in the deflected channel was obtained.
Macrophages in Inflammation (2005)

The inflammatory process is usually tightly regulated, involving both signals that initiate and maintain inflammation and signals that shut the process down. An imbalance between the two signals leaves inflammation unchecked, resulting in cellular and tissue damage. Macrophages are a major component of the mononuclear phagocyte system that consists of closely related cells of bone marrow origin, including blood monocytes, and tissue macrophages. From the blood, monocytes migrate into various tissues and transform macrophages. In inflammation, macrophages have three major function; antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and immunomodulation through production of various cytokines and growth factors. Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation. They are activated and deactivated in the inflammatory process. Activation signals include cytokines (interferon gamma, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), bacterial lipopolysaccharide, extracellular matrix proteins, and other chemical mediators. Inhibition of inflammation by removal or deactivation of mediators and inflammatory effector cells permits the host to repair damages tissues. Activated macrophages are deactivated by anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta) and cytokine antagonists that are mainly produced by macrophages. Macrophages participate in the autoregulatory loop in the inflammatory process. Because macrophages produce a wide range of biologically active molecules participated in both beneficial and detrimental outcomes in inflammation, therapeutic interventions targeted macrophages and their products may open new avenues for controlling inflammatory diseases.
Airway Delivery of Low-Dose Miglustat Normalizes Nasal Potential Difference in F508del Cystic Fibrosis Mice (2009)

Our results provide clear evidence that nasal delivery of miglustat, at picomolar doses, normalizes sodium and Cftr-dependent chloride transport in F508del transgenic mice; they highlight the potential of topical miglustat as a therapy for CF.
A 10-bit 400-MS/s 36-mW interleaved ADC (2011)

A high-speed interleaved pipelined ADC employs a global track-and-hold (T/H) circuit in front of the ADC to avoid sampling time mismatches between channels. Each sub-channel ADC employs both opamp-and time-sharing techniques to reduce power consumption and silicon area. The proposed ADC has been fabricated in a 90-nm digital CMOS technology and occupies 0.38 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It operates at 400 MS/s and achieves an SNDR of 53.0 dB while the power consumption is 36 mW including an on-chip reference buffer.
Influence of Outdoor Activity and Indoor Activity on Cognition Decline: Use of an Infrared Sensor to Measure Activity (2010)

This study objectively evaluated the behavior of elderly individuals with infrared sensors and revealed that elderly people who have few occasions to go out tend to show a decrease in cognitive function.
Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in healthy human beings. (1981)

The effect of daily dietary supplements of 30 gm of arginine HCl for 7 days on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mitogenic reactivity in vitro was measured in 21 healthy human volunteers. Arginine significantly increased stimulation indices of PBL following concanavalin A (Con A) (57.9 +/- 11.4 versus 216.9 +/- 46.6, P less than 0.01) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (84.1 +/- 12.8 versus 307.0 +/- 59.4, P less than 0.001) stimulation in a microculture assay utilizing RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated autologous serum. Similar enhanced blastogenesis was observed using medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated pooled AB normal human serum. In six volunteers studied following 3 days of similar arginine supplementation, blastogenic responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes were already significantly enhanced, although not as greatly as after 7 days. Arginine had no effect on total peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and on T- and B-cell ratios. The effects of supplemental dietary arginine could not be duplicated in vitro by increasing the arginine concentration in the culture medium. Furthermore, dietary arginine supplementation did not increase cell viability in culture. Minimal side effects were noted, such as nausea or diarrhea, which responded to lowering the dose ingested at one time. No deleterious effects were noted on liver function test results. We conclude that supplemental dietary arginine is a safe nutritional stimulator of lymphocyte immune reactivity in healthy human beings.
[Strategies of functional analysis of new genes]. (2002)

Functional analysis of new genes is playing a central role in postgenomic era. Here we reviewed several main strategies including bioinformatics, gene transduction, antisense technology, certain gene silence induced by RNA interference (RNAi), transgene and gene knockout and artificial chromosome transduction.
Glass Forming Ability and Properties of Zr/Nb-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses (2000)

Zr/Nb-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with excellent glass forming ability (GFA) and high thermal stability were obtained by water quenching method. The GFA of the alloys is sensitive to the Fe addition, and the highest GFA is achieved at 8 at% of Fe addition. It is found that ΔT defined by the difference between the onset temperature of the first crystallization event Tx and the glass transition temperature Tg (ΔT=Tx−Tg) is more effective than Trg (Trg=Tg⁄Tm, Tm, melting temperature) to reflect the GFA of the Zr/Nb-based BMGs. The elastic properties of the alloys are investigated by ultrasonic measurements.
Site‐specific Recombination (2001)

Abstract Site‐specific recombination is defined as the rearrangement of two DNA partner molecules by specific enzymes performing recombination at their cognate pairs of sequences or target sites. Site‐specific recombination, in contrast to homologous recombination, requires very little DNA homology between partner DNA molecules, is RecA‐independent, and does not involve DNA replication at any stage.
Spin-Orbit Torques in Heavy-Metal–Ferromagnet Bilayers with Varying Strengths of Interfacial Spin-Orbit Coupling (2019)

Despite intense efforts it has remained unresolved whether and how interfacial spin-orbit coupling (ISOC) affects spin transport across heavy-metal (HM)-ferromagnet (FM) interfaces. Here we report conclusive experiment evidence that the ISOC at HM/FM interfaces is the dominant mechanism for "spin memory loss". An increase in ISOC significantly reduces, in a linear manner, the dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) exerted on the FM layer via degradation of the spin transparency of the interface for spin currents generated in the HM. In addition, the fieldlike SOT is also dominated by the spin Hall contribution of the HM and decreases with increasing ISOC. This work reveals that ISOC at HM/FM interfaces should be minimized to advance efficient SOT devices through atomic layer passivation of the HM/FM interface or other means.
Efficient layout generation and evaluation of vertical channel devices (2014)

Vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) has been shown to be one of the most promising devices for the scaling beyond 10nm for its reduced delay, large driving current, and good gate control. Moreover, emerging devices such as heterojunction tunneling FETs are more amenable to vertical fabrication. However, past studies of vertical channel devices focused more on regular memory architectures and simple standard cells like inverter. Since naive migration of regular FinFET layouts to vertical FETs yields little benefits, we identify several vertical efficient layout structures and propose novel layout generation heuristics for vertical channel devices. We also compare VGAA with symmetric and asymmetric source/drain architectures. The layout efficiencies of several VGAA structures, vertical double gate (VDG), lateral gate-all-around (LGAA), and FinFET are presented in our experiments. We observe that even though most vertical channel standard cells have more diffusion gaps than lateral cells do, they still benefit from vertical architectures in area because of the elimination of diffusion contacts. For asymmetric architectures, the area is larger than symmetric architectures because of the extra diffusion gaps needed, but our experiments indicate that for both symmetric and asymmetric architectures, vertical channel devices are likely to have a density advantage over lateral channel devices assuming that current drive strengths of both are similar.
Semiconductor-laser-pumped, cw mode-locked Nd:phosphate glass laser oscillator and regenerative amplifier (1990)

An all-diode-pumped Nd:glass mode-locked laser oscillator and regenerative amplifier are described. The oscillator produces a train of 58-psec transform-limited pulses at a 113.6-MHz repetition rate. The output of the oscillator is amplified by a regenerative amplifier. The pulse energy at the input of the amplifier is 39 pJ. The amplifier provides a gain of 51 dB, producing 5.4-microJ pulses at a repetition rate of 355 Hz. The amplifier produces no measurable broadening of the pulse.
IR-Spektren kristalliner, wasserfreier Permanganate, Pertechnetate und Perrhenate (1966)

The infrared absorption frequencies in the region of the MeO 4 ⊖ fundamental vibrations are reported for several crystalline permanganates, pertechnetates, and perrhenates. On the basis of the IR spectra of the crystals and of additional considerations correct frequencies are assigned to the ν 2 (E) vibrations of the MeO 4 ⊖ tetrahedra. The influence of the crystal field on the fundamental vibrations of the MnO 4 ⊖ , TcO 4 ⊖ , and ReO 4 ⊖ ions is discussed, using site group analysis and factor group considerations.
Characterizing the Effects of Air Injection on Compressor Performance for Use in Active Control of Rotating Stall (1997)

Previous work has developed an air injection controller for rotating stall based on the idea of a shifting compressor characteristic and the Moore-Greitzer three state compressor model. In order to demonstrate this form of control experimentally, a series of open loop tests were performed to measure the performance characteristics of a low speed axial flow compression system when air is injected upstream of the rotor face. The position of the air injection port relative to the hub and the rotor face and the angle relative to the mean axial flow were varied. The tests show that the injection of air has drastic effects on the stalling mass flow rate and on the size of the hysteresis loop associated with rotating stall. The stalling mass flow rate was decreased by 10% and the hysteresis loop was completely eliminated under some conditions. The results of the open loop parametric study were then used to implement a closed loop control strategy based on a shifting characteristic.
Effect of an indium-tin-oxide overlayer on transparent Ni/Au ohmic contact on p-type GaN (2003)

We report a low-resistant, thermally stable, and transparent ohmic contact on p-type GaN using an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) overlayer on Ni/Au contact. Ni (20 Å)/Au (30 Å)/ITO (600 Å) contact with preannealing at 500 °C before ITO deposition showed lower contact resistivity by one order of magnitude than the contact without the preannealing. The preannealing produced NiO, acting in the role of diffusion barrier for outdiffusion of N and Ga atoms and indiffusion of In during the subsequent post-annealing. Thus, the formation of Au–In solid solution was effectively suppressed, resulting in the decrease of contact resistivity and enhancement in thermal stability.