gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Write-Buffer on the Performance of Hierarchical Memory Systems (2005)

This study reports on the influence of a Write-buffer on overall performance of a hierarchical memory system where the Writebuffer resides between Cache and main memory. Overall performance here is seen as a function of total number of cycles taken by the simulated system to finish a given! task. In bus based systems where write-buffer is located at the helm of bottleneck known as bus contention, write accesses to main memory are buffered so that the processor can begin a new cycle without waiting for the write cycle to complete. Reads to system memory cannot be buffered because the processor has to get read data before proceeding further. Handling Reads while buffering Writes can be done using more than one protocol. We studied three different protocols and selected one of them for most of the simulations. Writethru caches were used in simulation because they generate more bus traffic (Writes) compared to writeback caches.
Analysis of a low complexity variable step size adaptive algorithm (1993)

A number of variable-step-size algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of stochastic gradient based adaptive systems. In the present work, the convergence and steady-state error performance of a low-implementation-complexity variable-step-size algorithm is analyzed. Iterative expressions for the evolution of the moments of the step size are derived and are used in conjunction with expressions for the mean square error to predict the learning curve. Expressions for the steady-state size, from which the steady-state mean square error can be found, are also developed. The analytical results are compared with simulation and good agreement is found.< <ETX>></ETX>
ISODATA, A NOVEL METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS AND PATTERN CLASSIFICATION (1965)

ISODATA, a novel method of data analysis and pattern classification, is described in verbal and pictorial terms, in terms of a two-dimensional example, and by giving the mathematical calculations that the method uses. The technique clusters many-variable data around points in the data's original high- dimensional space and by doing so provides a useful description of the data. A brief summary of results from analyzing alphanumeric, gaussian, sociological and meteorological data is given. In the appendix, generalizations of the existing technique to clustering around lines and planes are discussed and a tentative algorithm for clustering around lines is given.
Piezoelectric and electroacoustic properties of V-doped and Ta-doped AlN thin films (2013)

In this paper we analyze the effects of doping AlN films with vanadium and tantalum to concentrations up to 6% atomic. The structure and composition of the new compounds are assessed as a function of the dopant concentration by x-ray diffraction (XRD), IR reflectance and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Test devices consisting on bulk acoustic wave resonators are used to assess the piezoelectric activity of the compounds as well as other material properties, such as the acoustic velocities and the piezoelectric constant. Films doped with vanadium show an overall worsening of their main properties for acoustics applications. Films doped with tantalum show variations in their wurtzite crystal structure that suggests that an improvement of the piezoelectric activity can be achieved as long as films exhibiting good crystal quality and homogeneous dipole orientation can be grown.
Introduction to mineral processing (1982)

Presented is a book primarily intended as a university text for a general undergraduate course in mineral processing. Major sections of the book include: fundamentals of ore processing; size reduction; sizing separation; concentration separation; dewatering; materials handling; and plant practice. Cleaning of coal is discussed in the chapter on dense medium separation. (JMT)
Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing. (1997)

To identify the physiologic factor(s) that entrain the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin, leptin levels were measured hourly after changes in light/dark cycle, sleep/wake cycle, and meal timing. Four young male subjects were studied during each of two protocols, those being a simulated 12-h time zone shift and a 6.5-h meal shift. During the baseline day, plasma leptin demonstrated a strong diurnal rhythm with an amplitude of 21%, zenith at 2400 h, and nadir between 0900 and 1200 h. Acute sleep deprivation did not alter plasma leptin, but day/night reversal (time zone shift) caused a 12+/-2 h shift (P < 0.01) in the timing of the zenith and nadir. When meals were shifted 6.5 h without changing the light or sleep cycles, the plasma leptin rhythm was shifted by 5-7 h (P < 0.01). The phase change occurred rapidly when compared with changes in the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, suggesting that leptin levels are not acutely entrained to the circadian clock. The leptin rhythm was altered by meal timing in a manner very similar to the rhythm of de novo cholesterol synthesis. We conclude that the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin in young males is entrained to meal timing.
Solid-phase organic synthesis of sensing sorbent materials for copper and lead recovery (2005)

The synthesis of sorption materials for retention and/or preconcentration of species of clinical and environmental interest, such as metal ions, is an important area of contemporary research. We report herein the synthesis of different solid supports of anthracene-phosphine sulfide for Cu(II) and Pb(II) preconcentration. Sensing properties of these materials were also evaluated using a flow-through optosensing approach.
Unusual Polymeric Zn<sup>II</sup>/Cd<sup>II</sup> Complexes with 2,6-Diaminopurine by Synergistic Coordination of Nucleobases and Polycarboxylate Anions: Binding Behavior, Self-Assembled Pattern of the Nucleobase, and Luminscent Properties (2009)

To investigate the coordination behavior of 2,6-diaminopurine (Hdap) and to construct unique high-dimensional nucleobase-based complexes, six Hdap-based ZnII/CdII polymers were obtained by incorporating aliphatic/aromatic polycarboxylate as coligands under hydrothermal conditions and were fully structurally characterized. Significantly resulting from the synergistic coordination of nucleobase and polycarboxylate groups, they are a tetranuclear ZnII-core-based two-dimensional (2D) covalent layer for {[Zn4(μ2-Hdap)2(tp)3(μ3-OH)2]·2H2O}n (1), an eight-connected three-dimensional (3D) self-penetrating metal−organic framework (MOF) for [Zn2(μ2-Hdap)(tp)2]n (2), a 3D pillared-layer structure for {[Zn2(μ2-Hdap)(tm)(μ2-OH)]·H2O}n (3), a one-dimensional (1D) linear double-chain motif for {[Zn(H2dap)(H2O)(btc)]·3H2O}n (4), a trinuclear CdII-cluster-based 2D aggregate for {[Cd3(H2O)2(μ3-dap)2(ap)2]·H2O}n (5), and a 1D Z-shaped chain for {[Cd(H2dap)(H2O)2(tp)]·0.5tp·H2O}n (6), respectively (H2tp = terephthalic acid, H3tm = trimesic acid, H3btc = 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, and H2ap = adipic acid). In the polymers, the neutral Hdap nucleobase presents bidentate μ2-N3,N9 and μ2-N7,N9 bridging modes to contribute to the tetranuclear ZnII cluster in 1 and the [Zn2(Hdap)]4+ subunit in 2 and 3, respectively. In contrast, acting as a terminal ligand by monodentate N9 and N7 binding patterns, the cationic H2dap+ ligand just completes the metal coordination sphere in 4 and 6. More interestingly, the anionic dap− molecule in 5 exhibits a tridentate μ3-N3,N7,N9 bridging manner to devote to both the aggregate of the three CdII cores within the trinuclear cluster and the extension of an infinite 2D aggregate. Thus, the binding patterns, the protonation degree, and its corresponding tautomeric forms of the Hdap nucleobase essentially dominate the polymeric nature of 1−6. Additionally, the repeatedly observed hydrogen-bonding interactions produced by the exocyclic amino/endocyclic imino groups of the nucleobase and the carboxylate groups of the coligand favorably stabilize the high-dimensional order supramolecular architectures. At room temperature, complexes 1−6 exhibit intense luminescent emissions originated from a Hdap-based intraligand and/or photoinduced charge transfer upon cation binding, which offers the possibility for their applications as relevant antivirasic prodrugs.
Isolating dc–dc coupler (1975)

A simple circuit is described which accurately couples a dc signal across a dc potential of several hundred volts. The method of extending the current linearity of the high-voltage transistor used to perform this function is probably useful in other applications.
Multifunctional Fiber Bragg Grating sensing system for load monitoring of composite wings (2011)

Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corporation (IFOS) is developing a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) integrated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) sensor system capable of load monitoring as well as detecting, locating and quantifying cracks and de-laminations in composite structures such as smart composite wings with embedded FBG sensors. This paper describes an approach that enables analysis of complex structures not only non-destructively, but also without physically contacting or implanting electrical elements into test samples. Example results are given for composite coupon load monitoring with multiplexed FBG strain sensors. Combined with the multi-functional FBGs, advanced signal processing, damage identification, location and quantification algorithms will be applied. Potentially, the solution could evolve into an autonomous onboard monitoring system to inspect and perform Non-Destructive Evaluation and real-time SHM.
HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms in renal transplantation (2012)

Despite progress made in the field of immunosuppression, graft rejection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients after solid organ transplantation. There are several genetic causes which could influence the outcome of renal transplantation. One of the main determining factors of success in renal transplantation is human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility between donor and recipient, particularly at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR loci. HLA compatibility remains an essential immunological barrier, despite modern immunosuppressive treatments. There is also evidence that natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity contributes to the immune response which modulates the outcome of renal transplantation. However, the clinical impact of combinations of KIR genes (family of NK cell receptors) and their HLA ligands in donor and recipient still remains to be clearly established. Furthermore, cytokines are involved in the immune reaction against the renal transplant, but the implication of the genetic polymorphism of cytokines is strongly debated. Therefore, while HLA compatibility remains a primordial component for any renal transplantation, it would be premature to use the two other genetic aspects as criteria for organ allocation and as prognostic factors.
Analysis of Energy Consumption on Data Sharing in Beamforming for Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Collaborative beamforming is a transmission technique by using multiple transmitters to form antenna arrays and creating highly directional beams to a distant receiver. Collaborative beamforming can enhance energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. However, the same information needs to be shared among the transmitters in advance. As a result, communication among the transmitters is required; this consumes energy and shortens the lifetime of the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a procedure for data sharing when multiple sensing nodes and multiple transmitters are used and examine the energy consumption for beamforming. We show that beamforming is energy-efficient when the sensor nodes are deployed far away from the base station and the energy consumed for data sharing has negligible effects on the network's lifetime.
Systemic Delivery and Quantification of Unformulated Interfering RNAs In Vivo (2009)

Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) open promising new therapeutic perspectives in acute and chronic pathologies. A number of experiments in mice demonstrated the ability of naked siRNAs injected under a normal pressure to trigger gene silencing in vivo, translating into a measurable phenotype. We focus in this review on the information that we can gain from these experiments, and discuss how the specificity of the gene silencing in vivo can be controlled. Because the activity of most drugs increases with the dosing, we are prone to consider that increasing the concentration of siRNAs within cells enhances the efficiency and the duration of the silencing. However, because RNAi is a saturable process, and because increasing the siRNA concentration into cells can induce undesirable side effects, this must be demonstrated. We compare in this review the methods used to quantify and study the biodistribution of siRNAs in living animals, and discuss how these methods can help in designing for each model and each siRNA the most adequate protocol to silence a cognate target gene in vivo.
A 4-bit×4-bit multiplier and 3-bit counter in Josephson threshold logic (1987)

A fast Josephson circuit using a threshold logic is developed for application to a multiplier and a binary counter. The former is a typical combinational circuit and the latter is a typical sequential circuit. The junction and barrier materials used were Nb-AlO/SUB X/-Nb. An optimized asymmetric two-junction interferometer maximized the operating margin of the threshold gate. A speed-up junction was introduced to decrease the switching delay without sacrificing the operating margin. A dumping resistor, which was inserted parallel to the input signal line of the threshold gate between its two terminals, decreased the reflection of the input signal caused by the gate inductance, thereby ensuring the margin and speed. To demonstrate the high-speed possibility of the Josephson threshold logic, a high-speed experiment for the circuits was performed. The multiplier demonstrated 210-ps operation.
Minimizing the effect of the host bus on the performance of a computational RAM logic-in-memory parallel-processing system (2003)

This paper describes the system design techniques that have been employed to minimize the effect of the host bus on the performance of a Computational RAM (CRAM) logic-in-memory parallel processing system. Specifically, we describe how the architectural features of the CRAM controller affect instruction execution, utilization of processing elements, time to initialize parallel variables from the host computer, and execution time of scalar operations. Finally, we show that because of the performance-enhancement features of the controller, the transfer characteristics of the host bus has very little effect on the performance of a CRAM system. This means that a CRAM system can be implemented on a wide variety of platforms, including those with slow external buses such as ISA-based computers and embedded systems that use slow microcontrollers.
Large Vocablary Cnotinuous Speech Recognition Performance in Car Environments for Various Phoneme Models (2000)

WESTPRAC VII 2000: the 7th West Pacific Regional Acoustics Conference, October 3-5, 2000, Kumamoto, Japan.
Association between interleukin 37 (rs3811047) polymorphism and multiple autoimmune diseases in a Chinese population (2018)

The IL- 37 (rs3811047) polymorphism contributes to the development of ADs in a Chinese population.
An inductive down converter system-in-package for integrated power management in battery-powered applications (2008)

With the increasing number of voltage conversions that have to be efficiently implemented in a mobile device, the PCB space occupied by switched-mode DC-DC converters with external passive components will become unacceptably high. Therefore, a clear need exists for small-form-factor high-efficiency DC-DC converters having the necessary passive components integrated within one package. This will enable the integration of a DC-DC converter with the load and consequently the system integration of power management. This paper describes the measurement results of an integrated inductive down converter, where the active electronics (power stage and driver circuitry) has been implemented in 0.18-mum CMOS technology and the passive components (output LC filter and decoupling capacitor) have been implemented in a state- of-the-art proprietary passive-integration process technology using high-density trench-MOS capacitors (80 nF/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and an 8-mum thick copper top metallization layer. The active die of the converter has been flip-chipped on top of the passive die to reduce parasitic component values. This yields a System-in-Package (SiP) that achieves a step-down DC-DC conversion without any external components. Due to the limited inductance achievable with the used planar air coil in the acceptable area, the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter has been increased. At the same time, Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) measures have been implemented to reduce the switching losses at this increased frequency. A maximum efficiency of 65% at 80 MHz has been achieved for an input voltage of 1.8 V, an output voltage of 1.1 V and an output current of 100 mA. After explaining the motivation behind integrated power management and the choice for an integrated inductive converter, this paper describes the main design aspects of the realized integrated inductive DC-DC down converter. Next, it presents some details of the used passive-integration process, the design of the passive die including the LC filter and the construction of the SiP. Finally, the measurement results of the converter are discussed and conclusions are drawn.
Analysis of depth of digital trees built on general sources (2014)

This thesis performs probabilistic analyses of the depth of digital trees [tries anddigital search trees (dst)] when they are built on words emitted by a general source. This studyis related to compression algorithms of Lempel-Ziv type which are based on the use of digitaltrees (tries or dst). The complexity of algorithms which use these data structures are relatedto the shape of these trees, and we are here interested by the probabilistic behaviour of animportant parameter, the typical depth, or depth. We introduce a new point of view on generalsources, and we then focus on the model of dynamical sources. The source intervenes in theanalysis via its tameness, and we define precise notions of tameness which are new. The thesisdeals with methods in analytic combinatorics, and we introduce (Dirichlet) generating functions,which characterize the behaviour of the tree (trie or dst) when it is built on the source. Asthe source is a dynamical source, we perform a dynamical analysis, which mixes in an originalsetting methods from analytic combinatorics and methods from dynamical system theory (namelytransfer operators, and their spectral properties). We also use many objects and methods fromclassical analytic combinatorics, as Poisson, Laplace, and Mellin transforms, that we mix in anew way. We also provide an unified point of view on the analysis of the two types of digitaltrees (tries and dst), whereas the classical analyses are dedicated to one of the precise types oftrees. Finally, we prove that, for the two types of digital trees, for a large class of sources, thetypical depth follows an asymptiotic gaussian law, with an optimal speed of convergence.
Novel Method for the Synthesis of 3′,4′‐Dideoxygenated Pyranmycin and Kanamycin Compounds, and Studies of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Aminoglycoside‐Resistant Bacteria (2005)

Abstract A novel protocol for converting a trans‐diol to an alkene under mild conditions was developed. This method led to the synthesis of a 3′,4′‐dideoxykanamycin (dibekacin) analog and a 3′,4′‐dideoxypyranmycin that were found to be active against aminoglycoside‐resistant bacteria. Keywords: CarbohydrateAminoglycoside antibioticsAntibioticDrug resistanceDrug designPyranmycinKanamycinDideoxygenation
Implementation of Accurate and Fast DNA Cytometry by Confocal Microscopy in 3D (2005)

The described methodology allows to obtain a largely unbiased sample of nuclei in thick tissue sections using 3D DNA cytometry by confocal laser scanning microscopy within an acceptable time frame for pilot clinical applications, and with a CV small enough to resolve smaller near diploid stemlines. This provides a suitable method for 3D DNA ploidy assessment of selected rare cells based on morphologic characteristics and of clinical samples that are too small to prepare adequate cell suspensions.
A Peptide DNA Surrogate Accelerates Autoimmune Manifestations and Nephritis in Lupus-Prone Mice (2002)

Lupus-associated anti-DNA Abs display features of Ag selection, yet the triggering Ag in the disease is unknown. We previously demonstrated that the peptide DWEYSVWLSN is bound by a pathogenic anti-DNA Ab, and that immunization of nonautoimmune mice with this peptide induces autoantibodies and renal Ig deposition. To elucidate differences in the induced B cell responses in mice genetically predisposed to autoimmunity, young (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice were immunized with this peptide DNA mimetope. DWEYSVWLSN-immunized mice had significantly increased IgG anti-dsDNA, anti-laminin, and anti-cardiolipin Ab titers compared with controls. In addition, glomerular histopathology in the form of endocapillary disease and crescent formation was markedly more severe in DWEYSVWLSN-immunized mice. Analysis of mAbs from DWEYSVWLSN-immunized mice revealed that anti-peptide Abs were often cross-reactive with DNA. Genetic elements used in the Ab response in immunized mice were homologous to those used in the spontaneous anti-DNA response in (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice, as well as in other, experimentally induced anti-DNA Abs. Our results indicate that peptide immunization can induce a molecular genetic response common to a variety of stimuli that break tolerance to mammalian dsDNA. Based on the similarity between spontaneously arising anti-DNA Abs and several types of induced anti-DNA Abs, we suggest that there may be more than a single Ag that can trigger systemic lupus erythematosus.
A 94 GHz low noise GaAs FET oscillator using whispering-gallery dielectric resonator modes and a new push-push configuration reducing 1/f converted noise (2003)

Results obtained in the design of a 47-94 GHz GaAs MESFET oscillator-doubler using a dielectric resonator are presented. A push-push configuration was used for the generation of the fundamental frequency at 47 GHz in the FET drain at the output. This topology produces noiseless oscillators-doublers. Two versions of this circuit were manufactured: the first used a TE/sub 01 delta /-mode cylindrical dielectric resonator. The resonator dimensions were calculated by computer or a fundamental frequency at 47 GHz. The second used planar whispering-gallery modes. The results obtained from the prototypes are presented. It is felt these devices show promise for low-noise millimeter-wave use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>