gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The metabolism in the rat of naturally occurring (+)-14-methylhexadecanoic acid (1957)

The experimental observations, discussed in the light of model surfaces of known structure, are consistent with the hypothesis that the cells of Aero. aerogenes trained to crystal violet have a surface which is lipid in nature, in contrast to that of the normal cells, which is polysaccharide.
A comparison of the shapes of hydroxyapatite implants before and after implantation (2002)

Based on helical volume scan computed tomography (HVCT) data, it has been demonstrated previously that real-size models can be prepared with the binder-jet method with extremely high precision of various parts ranging from the outer structure of the cranio-maxillofacial bone to such fine parts as the cranial base and the orbital walls. The application of this method to clinical cases with large cranial bone defects has also been studied. The results showed the usefulness of the binder-jet method, employing starch for fixing, with which a model can be prepared faster and with less deformity caused by the weight of the material itself. Therefore, the binder-jet method is expected to attain greater clinical significance in this field. In this study the comparison between the shapes of implants before and after implantation revealed that the most important aspect of the design of hydroxyapatite (HAP) implants was determining the shapes of edges, especially its angles. That is, an implant needs very little trimming before being implanted to the patient's defective site if the shape of the edges of the implant can be designed and prepared to fix the incised bone surfaces properly. In addition, to obtain optimum results it was also shown that it is necessary to design optimal shapes of implants, taking into account thickness, porosity, and curvature, before processing the shapes of edges. It was found necessary to establish a technology and a method for producing HAP implants that perfectly fit cranial bone defects. For this purpose, it would be useful to make a template of the implants using the mirror-reversion and binder-jet methods.
Predicting improvement in the upper paretic limb after stroke: A longitudinal prospective study (2007)

Functional improvement of the upper paretic limb is mainly determined by improvement of the paretic hand, followed by synergistic independent movement of the paretic arm. Progress of time itself is an independent covariate that is negatively associated with upper limb function suggesting that most pronounced improvements occur earlier after stroke.
Immunoglobulin A-Induced Shift of Epstein-Barr Virus Tissue Tropism (1992)

Increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) appear months to years before the clinical onset of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and define populations at high risk for this EBV-associated epithelial cancer common in south China. In the human HT-29 epithelial cell line, polymeric IgA (pIgA) specific for EBV promoted infection of the otherwise refractory epithelial cells. When bound to pIgA, EBV entered epithelial cells through secretory component-mediated IgA transport but no longer infected B lymphocytes. Such an immune-induced shift in EBV tissue tropism provides a paradigm for endogenous spread of EBV in the immune host that predicts infectious sequelae of epithelium.
Segregation Distorters (1991)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Identification of the Sorting Signal Motif within Pro-opiomelanocortin for the Regulated Secretory Pathway (1995)

The NH2-terminal region of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is highly conserved across species, having two disulfide bridges that cause the formation of an amphipathic hairpin loop structure between the 2nd and 3rd cysteine residues (Cys8 to Cys20). The role that the NH2-terminal region of pro-opiomelanocortin plays in acting as a molecular sorting signal for the regulated secretory pathway was investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis either to disrupt one or more of the disulfide bridges or to delete the amphipathic loop entirely. When POMC was expressed in Neuro-2a cells, ACTH immunoreactive material was localized in punctate secretory granules in the cell body and along the neurites, with heavy labeling at the tips. ACTH was secreted from these POMC-transfected cells in a regulated manner. Disruption of both disulfide bridges or the second disulfide bridge or removal of the amphipathic hairpin loop resulted in constitutive secretion of the mutant POMC from the cells and a lack of punctate secretory granule immunostaining within the cells. We have modeled the NH2-terminal POMC Cys8 to Cys20 domain and have identified it as an amphipathic loop containing four highly conserved hydrophobic and acidic amino acid residues (Asp10-Leu11-Glu14-Leu1). Thus the sorting signal for POMC to the regulated secretory pathway appears to be encoded by a specific conformational motif comprised of a 13-amino acid amphipathic loop structure stabilized by a disulfide bridge, located at the NH2 terminus of the molecule.
K-cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced with rat monoclonal antibodies. I. Antibodies of various isotypes differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity mediated by rat and human effectors. (1988)

Among the rat antibodies tested in this study, monoclonals of IgG2a isotype were the best, IgG1 and IgG2b being also effective, for induction of K-cell-mediated cytotoxicity of relevant nucleated target cells by rat effectors (Nude spleen cells). The single rat monoclonal IgE tested was also active. Rat antibodies of IgM and IgA classes of immunoglobulins were not active in that system. IgG2c and IgD monoclonals were not tested. Using the same panel of reagents, cytotoxicity mediated by human K cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was only induced by the IgG2b class of rat monoclonals.
Adaptive timing correction technique for pulse-amplitude and pulse-position modulation interface (2019)

A timing correction approach is proposed in this article to improve the performance of high-speed serial data link involving pulse position modulation (PPM) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) techniques. The proposed technique corrects the timing error that arises from combining the PAM approach with the PPM approach, which allows transmitting more bits and hence achieving higher data rate for the designed serial link. The proposed technique uses the recovered AM bits to adapt the reference voltage of the comparator circuit at the receiver side in order to correct the jitter results from combining the time modulation with the amplitude modulation. A 5-bit 4-Gb/s serial data link that involves PAM and PPM has been designed and simulated using the proposed technique in 130 nm CMOS technology using 800 MHz as an input clock signal. The simulation results indicate that when combining AM and PPM techniques, the total number of the transmitted bits can be increased using the proposed technique. The total power consumption of the proposed link is less than 84 mW. A performance comparison between the proposed link and other serial links has been carried out that indicates an improved performance for serial links involving the proposed technique.
Minimum inventory variability schedule with applications in semiconductor fabrication (1996)

A typical semiconductor wafer fab contains many different products and processes, some with small quantities, competing for resources. Each product row can contain hundreds of processing steps demanding production time of the same resource many times during the row. When this re-entry requirement is compounded with multiple product flows, short interval scheduling becomes important. Scheduling to reduce variations and to balance the whole wafer production line becomes a very complex issue. We investigate in this paper a new scheduling policy called minimum inventory variability scheduling (MIVS). This scheduling policy can significantly reduce the mean and variance of cycle-time in semiconductor fabs. The conclusions are based on the real world implementation in two major semiconductor fabs since 1990, and a simulation study of a much simplified hypothetical re-entrant network to capture the nature of semiconductor manufacturing. A discrete event simulation model was used to compare MIVS with five different popular dispatching policies (FIFO, SNQ, LNQ, RAN, and CYC) practised in wafer fabrication environments. The results gained on two factory floors and the simulation model indicate that dispatching policies have a significant impact on performance. The simulation results show that the MIVS dispatching policy demonstrated a percentage improvement over all other tested dispatching policies.
Ultrasound Probe with Integrated ECG Lead: Feasibility Study (2007)

We integrated electrocardiogram (ECG) leads onto the face of a cardiac ultrasound transducer and the exterior chassis of a simulated small, portable scanner to minimize the number of devices needed to collect cardiac information. Since the ECG leads were not placed on their standard locations, a precordial ECG was recorded.
A Deep Submergence Divers' Navigation System (1970)

A navigation system for deep submergence divers working throughout an extended area has been designed and is under development. The system consists of a multichannel omnidirectional homing system and a centralized omnidirectional navigation system. A receiver, which will be integrated with the diver's headgear, will enable the diver to home on any of several marking beacons, or to navigate to unmarked points. Since the homing and navigation signals are acquired almost independent of the diver's orientation, the time to determine position or which way to head should be minimal. Also, an in-helmet “heads-up” type display will simplify the diver's navigation problems. A breadboard experimental homing system has been built and is currently being tested and debugged.
Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review (2007)

Cuthbert and Goodheart recently published a narrative review on the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing (MMT) in the Journal. The authors should be recognized for their effort to synthesize this vast body of literature. However, the review contains critical errors in the search methods, inclusion criteria, quality assessment, validity definitions, study interpretation, literature synthesis, generalizability of study findings, and conclusion formulation that merit a reconsideration of the authors' findings. Most importantly, a misunderstanding of the review could easily arise because the authors did not distinguish the general use of muscle strength testing from the specific applications that distinguish the Applied Kinesiology (AK) chiropractic technique. The article makes the fundamental error of implying that the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing lends some degree of credibility to the unique diagnostic procedures of AK. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a critical appraisal of the review, suggest conclusions consistent with the literature both reviewed and omitted, and extricate conclusions that can be made about AK in particular from those that can be made about MMT. When AK is disentangled from standard orthopedic muscle testing, the few studies evaluating unique AK procedures either refute or cannot support the validity of AK procedures as diagnostic tests. The evidence to date does not support the use of MMT for the diagnosis of organic disease or pre/subclinical conditions.
Analyzing accelerated degradation data by nonparametric regression (1999)

This paper presents a nonparametric regression accelerated life-stress (NPRALS) model for accelerated degradation data wherein the data consist of groups of degrading curve data. In contrast to the usual parametric modeling, a nonparametric regression model relaxes assumptions on the form of the regression functions and lets data speak for themselves in searching for a suitable model for data. NPRALS assumes that various stress levels affect only the degradation rate, but not the shape of the degradation curve. An algorithm is presented for estimating the components of NPRALS. By investigating the relationship between the acceleration factors and the stress levels, the mean time to failure estimate of the product under the usual use condition is obtained. The procedure is applied to a set of data obtained from an accelerated degradation test for a light emitting diode product. The results look very promising. The performance of NPRALS is further checked by a simulated example and found satisfactory. We anticipate that NPRALS can be applied to other applications as well.
The acute administration of the selective dopamine D<sub>3</sub>receptor antagonist SB‐277011A reverses conditioned place aversion produced by naloxone precipitated withdrawal from acute morphine administration in rats (2011)

We examined the effect of SB-277011A, a selective D(3) receptor antagonist, on the conditioned place aversion (CPA) response associated with naloxone-induced withdrawal from acute morphine administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphine (5.6 mg/kg i.p.) was given, followed 4 hrs later by naloxone (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and prior to placing the animals in one specific chamber of the test apparatus. All animals were subjected to 2 of these trials. A significant CPA occurred in animals that received an i.p. injection of vehicle 30 minutes prior to the measurement of chamber preference. The pretreatment of animals (30 minutes prior to testing) with 3 mg/kg i.p. of SB-277011A did not significantly alter the CPA compared to animals treated with vehicle (1 ml/kg i.p. of deionized distilled water). In contrast, the acute pretreatment of animals with 6, 12 or 24 mg/kg i.p. of SB-277011A significantly decreased the CPA compared to vehicle-treated animals. In fact, the 12 and 24 mg/kg doses of SB-277011A significantly increased the time spent in the chamber where animals were paired with morphine and naloxone. These results suggest that the selective antagonism of D(3) receptors attenuates the CPA produced by a model of naloxone-induced withdrawal from acute morphine dependence.
Use of cGMP PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of neuropathy: a review of the patent literature. (2002)

In addition to the classic roles that cyclic-3',5-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is thought to play in cell function regulation, such as smooth muscle regulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, visual signal conduction and neutrophil degranulation, it is now understood to be involved with various physiological functions. The tissue levels and hence activity of cGMP are determined by the balance between production rates from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) through the guanylyl cyclase pathways, and degradation to GMP by specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). PDE5 inhibitors were initially developed for a possible role in cardiovascular disease; their role in the treatment of erectile dysfunction was brought to the forefront by the development of sildenafil. The focus of this article is the current patent literature around the use of PDE5 inhibitors for neuropathy. It also explores the possible hypotheses that may help to explain the mechanism(s) by which cGMP PDE5 inhibitors could have potential benefits in neuropathy.
Coil enhancements for high efficiency wireless power transfer applications (2014)

Achieving high efficiency with improved power transfer range and misalignment tolerance is the major design challenge in realizing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems for industrial applications. Resonant coils must be carefully designed to achieve highest possible system performance by fully utilizing the available space. High quality factor and enhanced electromagnetic coupling are key indices which determine the system performance. In this paper, design parameter extraction and quality factor optimization of multi layered helical coils are presented using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. In addition, a novel Toroidal Shaped Spiral (TSS) coil is proposed to increase power transfer range and misalignment tolerance. The proposed shapes and recommendations can be used to design high efficiency WPT resonator in a limited space.
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Nuclear Translocation and Activation of NF-κB by Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (2002)

We previously designed and synthesized an NF-kappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), that showed anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. In the present study we looked into its mechanism of inhibition. DHMEQ inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in human T cell leukemia Jurkat cells. It also inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced DNA binding of nuclear NF-kappaB but not the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB. Moreover, DHMEQ inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced nuclear accumulation of p65, a component of NF-kappaB. It also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced nuclear transport of green fluorescent protein-tagged p65. On the other hand, DHMEQ did not inhibit the nuclear transport of Smad2 and large T antigen. Also, it did not inhibit TNF-alpha-induced activation of JNK but synergistically induced apoptosis with TNF-alpha in Jurkat cells. Taken together, these data indicate that DHMEQ is a unique inhibitor of NF-kappaB acting at the level of nuclear translocation.
Biotechnological Production of Terpenoid Flavor and Fragrance Compounds (2001)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Previous Research Activities Biotechnological Production of Terpenoid Flavor and Fragrance Compounds Future Aspects
Capacity of Multichannel Wireless Networks: Impact of Channels, Interfaces, and Interface Switching Delay ∗ (2006)

This paper studies how the capacity of a static multichannel network scales as the number of nodes, n, increases. Gupta and Kumar have determined the capacity of single channel networks, and those bounds are applicable to multichannel networks as well, provided each node in the network has a dedicated interface per channel. In this work, we establish the capacity of general multichannel networks wherein the number of interfaces, m, may be smaller than the number of channels, c. We show that the capacity of multichannel networks exhibits different bounds that are dependent on the ratio between c and m. When the number of interfaces per node is smaller than the number of channels, there is a degradation in the network capacity in many scenarios. However, one important exception is a random network with up to O(logn) channels, wherein the network capacity remains at the Gupta and Kumar bound of �
The effect of metal surface passivation on the Au-InP interaction (1989)

The effect of SiO2 encapsulation on reaction rates in the Au-InP system was studied. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate surface and/or interface morphologies and in-depth compositional profiles. It was found that the rate of dissolution of InP into Au and subsequent phase transformations are largely dependent on the condition of the free surface of the metalization. SiO2 capping of Au is reported for the first time to suppress the Au-InP reaction rate. The Au-InP interaction is shown to be quite similar to the Au-GaAs interaction despite differences in the behavior of the group-V elements.
Treadmill Training after Spinal Cord Hemisection in Mice Promotes Axonal Sprouting and Synapse Formation and Improves Motor Recovery (2008)

Treadmill training with weight-support is a therapeutic strategy used in human patients after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise leads to locomotor improvement in a variety of animal models; however, the effect of exercise on axonal regrowth has not been directly examined. This study used several locomotor tests, including kinematic gait analysis, to analyze the differences between treadmill-trained and untrained mice in the usage of their paretic hindlimb following a low thoracic hemisection. Analysis of muscle atrophy, anterograde axonal tracing and expression of the synaptic markers synaptophysin and PSD95 were used to correlate observed behavioural changes with anatomical data. Treadmill trained mice showed significant improvement in use of their paretic hindlimb after 4 weeks of exercise compared to untrained mice in an open field locomotor test (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan [BBB] scale), grid walking and climbing and inter-limb coordination tests. Movement of their hip joint started to approximate the pattern of intact mice, with concomitant use of their ankle. Unlike untrained mice, exercised mice showed decreased muscle atrophy, increased axonal regrowth and collateral sprouting proximal to the lesion site, with maintenance of synaptic markers on motor neurons in the ventral horn. However, there was no axonal regeneration into or across the lesion site indicating that the improved behaviour may have been, at least in part, due to enhanced neural activity above the lesion site.
Scene Text Recognition Using Similarity and a Lexicon with Sparse Belief Propagation (2009)

Scene text recognition (STR) is the recognition of text anywhere in the environment, such as signs and storefronts. Relative to document recognition, it is challenging because of font variability, minimal language context, and uncontrolled conditions. Much information available to solve this problem is frequently ignored or used sequentially. Similarity between character images is often overlooked as useful information. Because of language priors, a recognizer may assign different labels to identical characters. Directly comparing characters to each other, rather than only a model, helps ensure that similar instances receive the same label. Lexicons improve recognition accuracy but are used post hoc. We introduce a probabilistic model for STR that integrates similarity, language properties, and lexical decision. Inference is accelerated with sparse belief propagation, a bottom-up method for shortening messages by reducing the dependency between weakly supported hypotheses. By fusing information sources in one model, we eliminate unrecoverable errors that result from sequential processing, improving accuracy. In experimental results recognizing text from images of signs in outdoor scenes, incorporating similarity reduces character recognition error by 19 percent, the lexicon reduces word recognition error by 35 percent, and sparse belief propagation reduces the lexicon words considered by 99.9 percent with a 12X speedup and no loss in accuracy.
Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer in Vinylpyridine Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots (2011)

Water-soluble 2- and 4-vinylpyridine terminated silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) with sizes between 2 and 3 nm were obtained by HF etching of oxidized SiQDs and subsequently passivating with vinylpyridine ligands via thermal hydrosilylation. The functionalized SiQDs emit photoluminescence in the blue-green spectrum with quantum yields around 30%. The photoluminescence is ascribed to radiative recombination of excitons confined to the SiQD core. Indication of efficient electronic interactions between excited ligand states and SiQD conduction band states has been achieved by real-time monitoring excitation relaxation dynamics on the subpicosecond time scale using time-resolved laser spectroscopy techniques. The observed ultrafast excitation relaxation dynamics involving decay and rise dynamics faster than 1 ps were ascribed to electronic excitation energy transfer from an initially photoexcited ligand state to SiQD conduction band states. These results were analyzed by performing a state population analysis on the basis of electron exchange interactions.