gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 100 V/100 W monolithic power audio amplifier in mixed bipolar-MOS technology (1992)

The monolithic power audio amplifier described was able to deliver up to 100-W sinusoidal output power into an 8- Omega load. The device, suitable for high-fidelity applications, was developed in a mixed bipolar-MOS high-voltage technology. This process allows the integration on the same chip of two or more power MOS devices, insulated from each other, together with low-level signal and high-voltage components. The final elements are two n-channel power double-diffused MOS (DMOS) transistors with extremely high current capability. The architecture of the structure, which is the result of the merging of the DMOS silicon-gate process and the standard junction isolation technique, is shown. The IC performance is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Unique, Passive, Microgravity Vortex Separator (2005)

In the microgravity environment experienced by space vehicles, liquid and gas do not naturally separate as on Earth. This behavior presents a problem for two-phase space systems, such as environment conditioning, waste water processing, and power systems. Furthermore, with recent renewed interest in space nuclear power systems, a microgravity Rankine cycle is attractive for thermal to electric energy conversion and would require a phase separation device. Responding to this need, researchers have conceived various methods of producing phase separation in low gravity environments. These separator types have included wicking, elbow, hydrophobic/hydrophilic, vortex, rotary fan separators, and combinations thereof. Each class of separator achieved acceptable performance for particular applications and most performed in some capacity for the space program. However, increased integration of multiphase systems requires a separator design adaptable to a variety of system operating conditions. To this end, researchers at Texas A&M University (TAMU) have developed a Microgravity Vortex Separator (MVS) capable of handling both a wide range of inlet conditions as well as changes in these conditions with a single, passive design. Currently, rotary separators are recognized as the most versatile microgravity separation technology. However, compared with passive designs, rotary separators suffer from higher power consumption, more complicated mechanical design, and higher maintenance requirements than passive separators. Furthermore, research completed over the past decade has shown the MVS more resistant to inlet flow variations and versatile in application. Most investigations were conducted as part of system integration experiments including, among others, propellant transfer, waste water processing, and fuel cell systems. Testing involved determination of hydrodynamic conditions relating to vortex stability, inlet quality effects, accumulation volume potential, and dynamic volume monitoring. In most cases, a 1.2 liter separator was found to accommodate system flow conditions. This size produced reliable phase separation for liquid flow rates from 1.8 to 9.8 liters per minute, for gas flow rates of 0.5 to 180 standard liters per minute, over the full range of quality, and with fluid inventory changes up to 0.35 liters. Moreover, an acoustic sensor, integrated into the wall of the separation chamber, allows liquid film thickness monitoring with an accuracy of 0.1 inches. Currently, application of the MVS is being extended to cabin air dehumidification and a Rankine power cycle system. Both of these projects will allow further development of the TAMU separator.
Graphene field effect transistor as radiation sensor (2011)

A novel radiation sensor based on a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is experimentally demonstrated. The detection relies on the high sensitivity of the resistivity of graphene to the local change of electric field that can result from ionized charges produced in the underlying semiconductor substrate. We present the experimental results of our study on the response of graphene-based radiation detectors to X-rays, gamma-rays, and light photons. We observed increasing resistance change of graphene with increasing X-ray flux in an electrically biased GFET based on Si, SiC, and GaAs substrates. We have measured the temporal characteristics of our detector, along with the sensitivity of the device at high (40 keV, 80 μA) and low (15 keV, 15 μA) X-ray fluxes. Furthermore, we demonstrate room-temperature operation of a GFET based on a SiC absorber and explore new architecture for a faster response.
Epistatic and Environmental Control of Genome-Wide Gene Expression (2005)

Abstract All etiological studies of complex human traits focus on analyzing the causes of variation. Given this complexity, there is a premium on studying those processes that mediate between gene products and cellular or organismal phenotypes. Studies of levels of gene expression could offer insight into these processes and are likely to be especially useful to the extent that the major sources of their variation are known in normal tissues. The classical study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins was employed to partition the genetic and environmental influences in gene expression for over 6500 human genes measured using microarrays from lymphoblastoid cell lines. Our results indicate that mean expression levels are correlated about .3 in monozygotic (MZ) and .0 in dizygotic (DZ) twins suggesting an overall epistatic regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, the functions of several of the genes whose expression was most affected by environmental effects, after correction for measurement error, were consistent with their known role in mediating sensitivity to environmental influences.
Taxonomy of the Genus Cellulomonas, Based on Phenotypic Characters and Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology, and Proposal of Seven Neotype Strains (1979)

Proposed as neotype strains of their respective species are the following: Cellulomonas biazotea ATCC 486, C. cellasea ATCC 487, C. fimi ATCC 484, C. flavigena ATCC 482, C. gelida ATCC 488, C. subalbus ATCC 489, and C. uda ATCC 491. Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation studies on these and three other reference strains of Cellulomonas clearly revealed seven distinct species: C. biazotea, C. flavigena, C. cellasea, C. fimi, C. gelida, C. uda, and C. cartalyticum. C. subalbus ATCC 489 is identical with C. gelida ATCC 488 on the basis of genetic evidence. These results are confirmed by physiological data. C. subalbus is therefore a junior synonym of C. gelida. The polysaccharide and amino acid composition of the cell wall, the electrophoretic mobility of the L-lactate dehydrogenase, and the utilization of certain sugars and organic acids were found to be useful characters in species differentiation. Although the deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology values within the genus Cellulomonas range between 20 and 100%, those between strains of Cellulomonas and strains of Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, and Brevibacterium are lower than 8%. These data, supported by the high guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA, the ability to decompose cellulose, and the similarity in the peptidoglycan types, demonstrate the coherence of the members of the genus Cellulomonas and the validity of the inclusion of this genus in the family Corynebacteriaceae
Removing the energetic neutral problem in sputtering (1993)

The evidence for the reflection of neutral inert gas atoms from the target being bombarded during sputter deposition is reviewed. This evidence includes theory, effects at the target, such as measurements of the fraction of incident energy which enters the target from bombarding ion beams, and effects at the growing film, such as the heating effect, the production of stress, the emission of secondary electrons, and the burial of inert gas atoms. New results are reported for the burial of energetic neutral atoms in simple metals in discharges in argon, krypton, and xenon. These results confirm the presence of a high flux of highly energetic neutrals when the sputter atom is substantially less massive than the target atom, leading to the inert gas being included substitutionally at high concentrations in the growing film. To achieve high purity in sputtered films with heavy atomic materials, xenon rather than argon should be used as the sputter gas. A rethink of sputter plant design shows that this expensive gas can be used economically, with some interesting consequences. The performance of a small system based on this rethink is described.
Structures of cyclic C4H4 radical cations (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of cyclic C4H4 radical cationsJames C. Ray Jr., Paul O. Danis, Fred W. McLafferty, and Barry K. CarpenterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4408–4409Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00248a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Myelin-laden macrophages are anti-inflammatory, consistent with foam cells in multiple sclerosis (2005)

Multiple sclerosis lesion activity concurs with the extent of inflammation, demyelination and axonal suffering. Pro-inflammatory myeloid cells contribute to lesion development, but the self-limiting nature of lesions implies as yet unidentified anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We addressed the hypothesis that myelin ingestion by myeloid cells induces a foamy appearance and confers anti-inflammatory function. First, we show that myelin-containing foam cells in multiple sclerosis lesions consistently express a series of anti-inflammatory molecules while lacking pro-inflammatory cytokines. Second, unique location-dependent cytokine and membrane receptor expression profiles imply functional specialization allowing for differential responses to micro-environmental cues. A novel human in vitro model of foamy macrophages functionally confirmed that myelin ingestion induces an anti-inflammatory programme. Foamy macrophages are unable to respond to prototypical inflammatory stimuli but do express molecules involved in suppression of inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of lesion control and may open new roads to intervention.
Sm1, a Proteinaceous Elicitor Secreted by the Biocontrol Fungus <i>Trichoderma virens</i> Induces Plant Defense Responses and Systemic Resistance (2006)

The soilborne filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens is a biocontrol agent with a well-known ability to produce antibiotics, parasitize pathogenic fungi, and induce systemic resistance in plants. Even though a plant-mediated response has been confirmed as a component of bioprotection by Trichoderma spp., the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here, we report the identification, purification, and characterization of an elicitor secreted by T. virens, a small protein designated Sm1 (small protein 1). Sm1 lacks toxic activity against plants and microbes. Instead, native, purified Sm1 triggers production of reactive oxygen species in monocot and dicot seedlings, rice, and cotton, and induces the expression of defense-related genes both locally and systemically in cotton. Gene expression analysis revealed that SM1 is expressed throughout fungal development under different nutrient conditions and in the presence of a host plant. Using an axenic hydroponic system, we show that SM1 expression and secretion of the protein is significantly higher in the presence of the plant. Pretreatment of cotton cotyledons with Sm1 provided high levels of protection to the foliar pathogen Colletotrichum sp. These results indicate that Sm1 is involved in the induction of resistance by Trichoderma spp. through the activation of plant defense mechanisms.
Basic-alkyl Esters of p-(Aminoalkyl)-benzoic Acids. I (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBasic-alkyl Esters of p-(Aminoalkyl)-benzoic Acids. IF. F. Blicke and W. M. LilienfeldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 12, 2281–2284Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01252a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01252a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discriminant Analysis, Linear (2005)

Abstract Given a set of objects, each with a descriptive vector of measured variables, and each belonging to one of a finite set of classes, linear discriminant analysis is a tool for finding those linear combinations of the measured variables on which the classes are most separated. There are two main uses: using the linear combinations to predict the class membership of a new object for which only the vector of variables has been observed, and studying the vector of variables to characterize the nature of the differences between the classes. The method is based on the first and second moments of the multivariate distribution of the measured variables, and assumes that the covariance matrices of the different classes are the same. However, it is robust and can often be usefully applied in other situations. Many generalizations and extensions have been developed, and linear discriminant analysis continues to be widely used.
An Immunopharmacological Study of the Biphasic Allergic Skin Reaction in Mice. (1995)

Biphasic skin reactions, with peaks at 1 and 24 h after epicutaneous challenge with antigen (immediate phase response: IPR and late phase response: LPR, respectively), were induced in ddY, ICR, Balb/c and Balb/c-nu/nu mice passively sensitized with monoclonal IgE antibody 24 h before. In WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, which lack mast cells, only the LPR was observed. The IPR was characterized by a rapid increase in capillary permeability and the LPR by skin thickening with significant infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in Balb/c mice. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists, including diphenhydramine and homochlorcyclizine, and the allergic histamine release inhibitors, tranilast and amlexanox, clearly inhibited the IPR, but not the LPR. Prednisolone and dexamethasone, however, inhibited both. Prednisolone also inhibited the LPR in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. These results indicate that IgE antibody-dependent biphasic skin reactions consist of a mast cell- and histamine-dependent IPR and a mast cell-independent LPR.
Total Synthesis of the Spiroketal Naphthoquinone (±)-Diepoxin σ (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of the Spiroketal Naphthoquinone (±)-Diepoxin σPeter Wipf and Jae-Kyu JungView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 4, 1092–1093Publication Date (Web):January 28, 1999Publication History Received3 December 1998Published online28 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9823691https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9823691rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views585Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cancer,Chemical synthesis,Enones,Ethers Get e-Alerts
Blind system identification using minimum noise subspace (1997)

Developing fast and robust methods for identifying multiple FIR channels driven by an unknown common source is important for wireless communications, speech reverberation cancellation, and other applications. In this correspondence, we present a new method that exploits a minimum noise subspace (MNS). The MNS is computed from a set of channel output pairs that form a "tree". The "tree" exploits, with minimum redundancy, the diversity among all channels. The MNS method is much more efficient in computation than a standard subspace method. The noise robustness of the MNS method is illustrated by simulation.
Siesta: Software-Defined Energy Efficient Base Station Control for Green Cellular Networks (2015)

In order to tackle the issues of mounting deployments and large energy consumption of base stations, it is integral to devise schemes to improve energy efficiency in cellular networks. We propose a virtualized network function of cell management on an SDN architecture. We develop a cell management algorithm on the architecture that can effectively control the sleep and awake modes of base stations and perform handover operations in a cellular network. It provides significant benefits over current cellular networks that suffer from inflexible management and complex control. Our extensive trace-driven evaluation results show that the proposed control architecture and the cell management algorithm achieve significant energy savings, and incur less control message exchanges, more cells in a sleep mode for longer durations, and less cell status changes than existing energy saving approaches for cellular networks.
Ultrafast internal thermalization of photoexcited carriers in polar semiconductors (1992)

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ultrafast internal thermalization of high energy carriers created by laser excitation. Luminescence up-conversion is used to monitor the spectral and temporal evolution of the photoexcited carrier distributions with a time resolution of about 100 fs. A Monte Carlo simulation joined with a molecular dynamics approach is then used to interpret the experimental results. We show that the coulomb interaction among carriers is responsible for the initial ultrafast thermalization. The simulation allow us to distinguish between binary carrier-carrier collisions and plasmon losses and reconcile the results obtained with time resolved vs. c.w. hot (e, angstroms) luminescence.
Treatment of Apathy With Methylphenidate (2007)

Apathy is a common condition that transcends psychiatric diagnoses. Its treatment is not well studied. The authors present four cases of apathy treated with a regimen of methylphenidate. Significant improvement in apathy and its sub-domains (motivation, novelty, and persistence) were noted.
Melt temperature field measurements in extrusion using thermocouple meshes (2008)

AbstractThermocouple grids have been shown to provide a unique insight into melt temperature fields and their time dependent behaviour in extruders. These systems have been extended from single axis designs to larger arrays for more detailed temperature measurements. Nine junction (3 × 3) arrays have provided a map of the temperature profile across the melt, and the technique has been used to assess the effect of extrusion conditions such as polymer type, screw geometry and melt pressure. The data are proving invaluable for extruder screw design and to inform more accurate computer modelling of polymer melt flows. Single axis grids have also been applied to twin screw compounding extrusion, and the results showed a significant amount of shear heating with the hottest points being along the centre line of the two screws.Keywords: SINGLE SCREW EXTRUSIONPOLYMER MELTTEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Field evaluation of nitric oxide abatement with ferrous chelates (1989)

Abstract The absorption of nitric oxide from flue gas streams presents some unique problems due to its low solubility in conventional scrubbing solutions. A process is being developed that utilizes an electrolytic cell to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) and maintain the majority of the iron chelate in the active ferrous state. This process has been tested on an actual flue gas stream and achieved 80% nitric oxide abatement. Further reduction of nitric oxide is possible with increased stages.
Gas Sensor Based on Metal−Insulator Transition in VO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Thermistor (2009)

Using temperature driven sharp metal-insulator phase transition in single crystal VO(2) nanowires, the realization of a novel gas sensing concept has been tested. Varying the temperature of the nanowire close to the transition edge, the conductance of the nanowire becomes extremely responsive to the tiny changes in molecular composition, pressure, and temperature of the ambient gas environment. This gas sensing analog of the transition edge sensor radiometry used in astrophysics opens new opportunities in gas sensorics.