gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plastidic Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis (1999)

In plants, Ser is biosynthesized by two different pathways: a photorespiratory pathway via Gly and a plastidic pathway via the phosphorylated metabolites from 3-phosphoglycerate. In contrast to the better characterization of the photorespiratory pathway at a molecular level, the molecular regulation and significance of the plastidic pathway are not yet well understood. An Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding 3-phosphoserine phosphatase, the enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of 3-phosphoserine to Ser in the final step of the plastidic pathway of Ser biosynthesis, was cloned by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli serB- mutant. The 1.1-kilobase pair full-length cDNA, encoding 295 amino acids in its open reading frame, contains a putative organelle targeting presequence. Chloroplastic targeting has been demonstrated by particle gun bombardment using an N-terminal 60-amino acid green fluorescence protein fusion protein. Southern hybridization suggested the existence of a single-copy gene that mapped to chromosome 1. 3-Phosphoserine phosphatase enzyme activity was detected in vitro in the overexpressed protein in E. coli. Northern analysis revealed preferential gene expression in leaf and root tissues of light-grown plants with an approximately 1.5-fold abundance in the root compared with the leaf tissues. This indicates the possible role of the plastidic pathway in supplying Ser to non-photosynthetic tissues, in contrast to the function of the photorespiratory pathway in photosynthetic tissues. This work completes the molecular cloning and characterization of the three genes involved in the plastidic pathway of Ser biosynthesis in higher plants.
Development and quality measurements of cold relativistic electron beam for low-γ free-electron lasers (1989)

A relativistic electron beam source with low temperature (cold) using a field emission cathode and uniform electrostatic acceleration has been developed for use in low-γ free-electron lasers. An energy of 0.51 MeV and a current of 60 A (200 A/cm2) were obtained. The energy spread and the angular velocity spread were measured to be ΔE/E=0.14% and β⊥/β∥ =4×10−2, respectively.
A high-resolution CMOS sigma-delta A/D converter with 320 kHz output rate (2003)

A third-order switched-capacitor sigma-delta A/D converter is presented. The converter consists of three cascaded first-order sigma-delta modulators, and achieves 88 dB pk/rms S/(N+D) in a 160-kHz passband with a 10.24-MHz sampling rate. The high signal-to-noise ratio is maintained over this wide bandwidth by attenuating the quantization noise with a third-order noise-shaping function and a fourth-order comb decimation filter. A special autozeroed integrator with low pole error is required to achieve the 10.24-MHz sampling rate and high-order noise shaping simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segregation of Biomass in Cyclic Anaerobic/Aerobic Granular Sludge Allows the Enrichment of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria at Low Temperatures (2011)

A cyclic anaerobic/aerobic bubble column reactor was run for 420 days to study the competition for nitrite between nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Anammox) at low temperatures. An anaerobic feeding period with nitrite and ammonium in the influent followed by an aerated period was applied resulting in a biomass specific conversion rate of 0.18 ± 0.02 [gN(2) - N · gVSS(-1)· day(-1)] when the dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained at 1.0 mgO(2) · L(-1). An increase in white granules was observed in the reactor which were mainly located at the top of the settled sludge bed, whereas red granules were located at the bottom. FISH, activity tests, and qPCR techniques revealed that red biomass was dominated by Anammox bacteria and white granules by NOB. Granules from the top of the sludge bed were smaller and therefore had a higher aerobic volume fraction, a lower density, and consequently a slower settling rate. Sludge was manually removed from the top of the settled sludge bed to selectively remove NOB which resulted in an increased overall biomass specific N-conversion rate of 0.32 ± 0.02 [gN(2) - N · gVSS(-1) · day(-1)]. Biomass segregation in granular sludge reactors gives an extra opportunity to select for specific microbial groups by applying a different SRT for different microbial groups.
Estimation of the Thermal Effect of Blood Flow in a Branching Countercurrent Network Using a Three-Dimensional Vascular Model (1994)

A three-dimensional thermal model is presented in which convective heat transfer is defined in terms of the physical details of the vascular system. The convective heat exchange between prearteriole and postvenule vessels and the tissue across the vessel walls is calculated explicitly without using shape factors. Conduction in x-, y-, and z-direction is considered. This vascular model is applied to a human extremity. The spatial variations in the arterial, venous and tissue temperatures under basal conditions, hyperthermic conditions and in a cold environment are computed. Conclusions are drawn as to the validity of bioheat approaches.
Port-Wine Stain Laser Treatments and Novel Approaches (2012)

Preliminary evidence of combination therapy using antiangiogenic agents after laser irradiation appears promising and could lead to the development of a new standard of care for PWSs.
Air Oxidation of Resin Acids. II. The Structure of Palustric Acid and its Photosensitized Oxidation<sup>2</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAir Oxidation of Resin Acids. II. The Structure of Palustric Acid and its Photosensitized Oxidation2Walter H. Schuller, Richard N. Moore, and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1734–1738Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incorporation of label from<sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub>into acetate during side-chain cleavage catalysed by cytochrome P-450<sub>17α</sub>(17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase) (1994)

Samples of pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone deuteriated at the C-21 methyl group have been prepared and subjected to side-chain cleavage with a pig testes microsomal preparation under 18O2. 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone was exclusively cleaved to dehydroisoandrosterone and the acetic acid released during the process was found to incorporate 0.90 atom of 18O. When a similar incubation was performed with pregnenolone two steroidal products, dehydroisoandrosterone and androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol, were formed in an approximate ratio of 1:2–3 and the acetic acid formed in the process was again shown to contain 0.85–0.90 atom of 18O. Complementary experiments in which the two substrates labelled with 18O at the C-20 carbonyl group were incubated under 16O2 gave acetic acid retaining between 65–85% of the original carbonyl oxygen. The experiments strengthen the hypothesis that the two C(17)–C(20) bond cleavages described above correspond to the acyl-carbon fission process of the equation below showing the indicated fate of the various oxygen atoms: [graphic omitted]
Anthropometry of the head and face (1994)

The second edition of this reference provides an update on the best methods for the measurement of the surfaces of the head and neck. The newest techniques are explained and the latest normative data on age-related changes in measurements (i.e., population norms) are completely examined in nearly 20 chapters and six appendices. Topics covered include sources of error in anthropometry and anthroposcopy; age-related changes in selected measurements of the craniofacial complex; anthropometry of minor defects in the craniofacial complex; anthropometry in craniomaxillofacial surgery, genetics, and aesthetic surgery of the nose; and anthropometry of the attractive face. Other chapters discuss the reconstruction of a photograph of a missing child, medical photography in clinical practice, interpolation of growth curves, racial and ethnic morphometric differences in the craniofacial complex, and basic statistical methods in clinical research. Complementing the text throughout are detailed illustrations and highly informative tables.
The multiple input floating gate MOS differential amplifier: an analog computational building-block (2002)

The lossless property of an MOS floating gate is exploited to implement exact summing operations in the charge domain. Lossless charge sharing in such structures yields circuits with potential applications as building blocks for analog-signal processing. A canonical structure, the Multiple Input Floating-gate Differential Amplifier is proposed and its use in different circuit configurations demonstrated. Experimental data from a multiple differential input operational amplifier are presented. Limitations of the proposed circuits are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and identification of the monoclonal antibody against HAUSP protein (2013)

To pre pare and indentify the monoclonal antibody against HAUSP protein, we amplified the herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin specific protease(HAUSP) DNA and constructed a prokaryotic expression vector containing HAUSP protein encoding sequences. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta and purified by Ni-NTA agarose. And then the purified recombinant protein was used to immunize Balb/c mice and the monoclonal antibody against HAUSP was prepared by hybridoma technique. The titer of the antibody was determined by indirect ELISA, while the specificity of the antibody was verified by Western blotting and Immunopreipitation(IP) analysis. Result showed the total length of HAUSP gene was 539 bp, and the fusion protein(2-180 aa)was 44.8 kD, whose purity was up to 95% after purification. And the monoclonal antibody could specifically recognize the HAUSP protein in Jurkat and Hela cell lines. In conclusion, this study has prepared the monoclonal antibody against HAUSP protein, which was specific and of high titer. This antibody can be used as an important tool for further exploration of the role of HAUSP in tumorigenesis.
Improvement of electron beam quality in optical injection schemes using negative plasma \ndensity gradients (2005)

Enhanced electron trapping using plasma density down ramps as a method for improving the performance of laser injection schemes is proposed and analyzed. A decrease in density implies an increase in plasma wavelength, which can shift a relativistic electron from the defocusing to the focusing region of the accelerating wakefield, and a decrease in wake phase velocity, which lowers the trapping threshold. The specific method of two-pulse colliding pulse injector was examined using a three-dimensional test particle tracking code. A density down-ramp with a change of density on the order of tens of percent over distances greater than the plasma wavelength led to an enhancement of charge by two orders in magnitude or more, up to the limits imposed by beam loading. The accelerated bunches are ultrashort (fraction of the plasma wavelength, e.g., ~; 5 fs), high charge (&gt; 20 pC at modest injection laser intensity 10^17 W/cm^2), with a relative energy spread of a few percent at a mean energy of ~; 25 MeV, and a normalized root-mean square emittance on the order 0.5 mm mrad.
Enhanced Recovery from Chronic Ischemic Injury by Bone Marrow Cells in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke (2013)

Even after decades of intensive studies, therapeutic options for patients with stroke are rather limited. Thrombolytic drugs effectively treat the very acute stage of stroke, and several neuroprotectants that are designed to treat secondary injury following stroke are being tested in clinical trials. However, these pharmacological approaches primarily focus on acute stroke recovery, and few options are available for treating chronic stroke patients. In recent years, stem cell-mediated regenerative approaches have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for treating the chronic stage of stroke. In this study, we examined whether systemically administered bone marrow cells (BMCs) could have beneficial effects in a rat model of chronic ischemia. Our transplantation experiments using BMCs obtained from ischemic donor rats showed functional and structural recovery during the chronic stage of stroke. BMC-mediated neural proliferation was prominent in the brains of rats with chronic stroke, and most of the new cells eventually became neurons instead of astrocytes. BMC-mediated enhanced neural proliferation coincided with a significant reduction (∼50%) in the number of activated microglia, which is consistent with previous reports of enhanced neural proliferation being linked to microglial inactivation. Strikingly, approximately 57% of the BMCs that infiltrated the chronic ischemic brain were CD25(+) cells, suggesting that these cells may exert the beneficial effects associated with BMC transplantation. Based on the reported anti-inflammatory role of CD25(+) regulatory T-cells in acute experimental stroke, we propose a working model delineating the positive effects of BMC transplantation during the chronic phase of stroke; infiltrating BMCs (mostly CD25(+) cells) reduce activated microglia, which leads to enhanced neural proliferation and enhanced recovery from neuronal damage in this rat model of chronic stroke. This study provides valuable insights into the effect of BMC transplantation in the chronic ischemic brain, which may lead to the development of effective therapy for chronic stroke patients who currently lack satisfactory therapeutic options.
MRI for Technologists (1995)

Introduction - MR imaging and MR technologists - the importance of both: nuclear magnetic resonance - historical perspective magnetic resonance - technical overview magnetic resonance tissue characteristics gradient magnetic fields imaging coil technology standard image sequence parameters - definitions assessing the interaction of image sequence parameters standard two-dimensional (2D) pulse sequences - a closer look standard three-dimensional (3D) volume imaging MR angiography MR mammography fundamentals of image interpretation skills for the technologist tips on clinical exam protocol development image artifacts patient issues - making a difference MR facility organization and management MR equipment evaluation mobile MR facilities magnetic resonance imaging for tomorrow.
Novel vibration-based electrical energy generators for low and variable speed turbo-machinery (2007)

A novel class of vibration-based electrical energy generators is presented for applications in which the input rotary speed is relatively low and varies significantly over time such as wind mills, turbo-machinery used to harvest tidal flows, and the like. Current technology uses magnet and coil based rotary generators to generate electrical energy in such machinery. However, to make the generation cycle efficient, gearing or other similar mechanisms have to be used to increase the output speed. In addition, variable speed mechanisms are usually needed to achieve high mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency since speed variation is usually significant in the aforementioned applications. The objective of the present work is the development of electrical energy generators that do not require the aforementioned gearing and speed control mechanisms, thereby significantly reducing complexity and cost, particularly those related to maintenance and service. This novel class of electrical energy generators operates based on repeated vibration of multiple vibrating elements that are tuned to vibrate at a fixed prescribed frequency. The mechanical energy stored in the vibration elements is transformed into electrical energy using piezoelectric elements. The present generators are very simple, can efficiently operate over a very large range of input speeds, and should require minimal service and maintenance. The project is at the early stages of its development, but the analytical modeling and computer simulation studies using realistic system and component parameters indicate the potentials of this class of piezoelectric-based generators for the indicated applications.
G<scp>ROWTH</scp> R<scp>ETARDANTS</scp>: Effects on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolic Pathways (2000)

Plant growth retardants are applied in agronomic and horticultural crops to reduce unwanted longitudinal shoot growth without lowering plant productivity. Most growth retardants act by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. To date, four different types of such inhibitors are known: (a) Onium compounds, such as chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride, chlorphonium, and AMO-1618, which block the cyclases copalyl-diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase involved in the early steps of GA metabolism. (b) Compounds with an N-containing heterocycle, e.g. ancymidol, flurprimidol, tetcyclacis, paclobutrazol, uniconazole-P, and inabenfide. These retardants block cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, thereby inhibiting oxidation of ent-kaurene into ent-kaurenoic acid. (c) Structural mimics of 2-oxoglutaric acid, which is the co-substrate of dioxygenases that catalyze late steps of GA formation. Acylcyclohexanediones, e.g. prohexadione-Ca and trinexapac-ethyl and daminozide, block particularly 3ss-hydroxylation, thereby inhibiting the formation of highly active GAs from inactive precursors, and (d) 16,17-Dihydro-GA5 and related structures act most likely by mimicking the GA precursor substrate of the same dioxygenases. Enzymes, similar to the ones involved in GA biosynthesis, are also of importance in the formation of abscisic acid, ethylene, sterols, flavonoids, and other plant constituents. Changes in the levels of these compounds found after treatment with growth retardants can mostly be explained by side activities on such enzymes.
Errata for Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics (1983)

4 pages, 1 article
Method of tumor detection influences disease-free survival of women with breast carcinoma (1994)

Among patients diagnosed before widespread mammography screening, tumor detection by CBE was associated with a significant reduction in recurrence compared with detection by self-palpation. Improvement in the frequency and quality of CBE and BSE may enhance the contribution of these modalities to early detection, complementing the role of screening mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality rates.
Restoration of estrogen-dependent progesterone receptor expression in a uterine myocyte cell line (1993)

Although the in vivo effect of estrogen on myometrial differentiation is well documented, estrogen effects on primary myocytes in vitro have been difficult to demonstrate. To construct a stable uterine myocyte system, capable of direct estrogen responsiveness, we used a transformed hamster myometrial cell line. Since these cells expressed a low level of estrogen receptors (ERs), we have stably transfected them with a vector for the human ER. After transfection, ER concentration increased from less than 300 sites per cell to 17,000 +/- 2,000 sites per cell (mean +/- SEM). To test the functional integrity of the transfected receptors, a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene linked to an estrogen response element upstream of thymidine kinase promoter was transiently transfected, and the amount of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity, an indicator of estrogen responsiveness, was found to increase 20-fold in response to 17 beta-estradiol (1 nM for 48 h). Furthermore, we tested the ability of estrogen to activate endogenous genes by measuring progesterone receptor (PR) induction. PR concentration in the transfected cells was 3,700 +/- 800 and increased 9-fold to 33,000 +/- 6,000 with 17 beta-estradiol (2 nM). This receptor density increase was confirmed by immunoblotting. PR induction was maximal at 16 h, was concentration dependent, and was not elicited by tamoxifen or ICI 164,384. We conclude that transformed hamster myocytes transfected with an ER gene are capable of estrogen-dependent PR expression in vitro and may serve as a useful system to study estrogen effect on myocytes.
Oxidation Phenomena in Coal Flotation Part I. Correlation Between Oxygen Functional Group Concentration, Immersion Wettability and Salt Flotation Response (1987)

Samples of bituminous and anthracite coals were oxidized under different conditions and their wetting behavior was assessed by measurement of the time for immersion into solutions of methanol and water. Flotation recoveries of the oxidized coals in concentrated salt solutions were determined using vacuum flotation cells. The extent of surface oxidation was quantified by titrating the carboxylic and phenolic functional groups. Correlations of notation recoveries, immersion time, and electrophoretic mobilities with the concentration of surface functional groups were made. Simple immersion-lime measurements may be a useful tool for rapidly assessing the surface properties of coals.
Reduction in Lentil Cooking Time Using Micronization: Comparison of 2 Micronization Temperatures (2001)

ABSTRACT Laird No. 1 lentils micronized (high‐intensity infrared heat) to give internal temperatures of 138 and 170 °C were compared to unprocessed lentils stored at room temperature. Micronized lentils, which had been tempered to 33% moisture for 16 h, required less force to compress after cooking and contained increased levels of gelatinized starch and pectic substances but decreased levels of soluble protein, phytic acid, and neutral detergent fiber compared to the unprocessed lentils. Cell walls in the micronized lentil were less susceptible to fracture, and the microstructure was more open. Properties of the micronized lentils were better when the internal temperature reached 138 °C. When micronized to an internal temperature of 170 °C, cooked lentils were harder, possibly due to greater moisture losses and a change in the neutral detergent fiber. Micronization resulted in a slight darkening of the lentils, and this was accentuated at 170 °C.
Electronics development for the Utah electrohydraulic total artificial heart (2002)

Recent developments in the electronics and embedded software of the electrohydraulic total artificial heart under development at the University of Utah are discussed. These include development of a new brushless DC motor commutator, implementation of the implanted electronics in hybrids, integration of a transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) and telemetry system into the controller, and packaging of a short-term, totally implantable system. A discussion of future plans for the totally implantable system is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>