gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The dimeric structure of factor XI and zymogen activation (2013)

Factor XI (fXI) is a homodimeric zymogen that is converted to a protease with 1 (1/2-fXIa) or 2 (fXIa) active subunits by factor XIIa (fXIIa) or thrombin. It has been proposed that the dimeric structure is required for normal fXI activation. Consistent with this premise, fXI monomers do not reconstitute fXI-deficient mice in a fXIIa-dependent thrombosis model. FXI activation by fXIIa or thrombin is a slow reaction that can be accelerated by polyanions. Phosphate polymers released from platelets (poly-P) can enhance fXI activation by thrombin and promote fXI autoactivation. Poly-P increased initial rates of fXI activation 30- and 3000-fold for fXIIa and thrombin, respectively. FXI monomers were activated more slowly than dimers by fXIIa in the presence of poly-P. However, this defect was not observed when thrombin was the activating protease, nor during fXI autoactivation. The data suggest that fXIIa and thrombin activate fXI by different mechanisms. FXIIa may activate fXI through a trans-activation mechanism in which the protease binds to 1 subunit of the dimer, while activating the other subunit. For activation by thrombin, or during autoactivation, the data support a cis-activation mechanism in which the activating protease binds to and activates the same fXI subunit.
Deriving weights from pairwise comparison matrices (1997)

We study the problem of deriving weights from pairwise comparisons. Properties of acceptable solutions are analysed, including immunity to rank reversals, independence of description of the problem, independence of scale inversion, left-right eigenvector asymmetry, uniqueness, independence of order of operations and inter-level consistency, preservation of the algebraic structure of the problem, extensibility to the additive case, related optimization models and related error measures. We derive the geometric mean from two simple axioms and establish that it is the only acceptable solution to this problem.
Induction of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Contributes to Inhibition of the Interferon Signaling Pathway (2004)

We showed previously that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) suppresses the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway during the early infection stage in the human amnion cell line FL. HSV-1 inhibits the IFN-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinases (JAK) in infected FL cells. In the present study, we showed that the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), a host negative regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway, is rapidly induced in FL cells after HSV-1 infection. Maximal levels of SOCS3 protein were detected at around 1 to 2 h after infection. This is consistent with the occurrence of HSV-1-mediated inhibition of IFN-induced JAK phosphorylation. The HSV-1 wild-type strain VR3 induced SOCS3 more efficiently than did mutants that are defective in UL41 or UL13 and that are hyperresponsive to IFN. Induction of the IRF-7 protein and transcriptional activation of IFN-alpha4, which occur in a JAK/STAT pathway-dependent manner, were poorly induced by VR3 but efficiently induced by the mutant viruses. In contrast, phosphorylation of IRF-3 and transcriptional activation of IFN-beta, which are JAK/STAT pathway-independent process, were equally well induced by the wild-type strain and the mutants. In conclusion, the SOCS3 protein appears to be mainly responsible for the suppression of IFN signaling and IFN production that occurs during HSV-1 infection.
Development of fine pitch and high lead count ceramic QFP (2002)

A compact ceramic quad flat package (C-QFP) for use in logic LSI devices with fine pitch and high lead counts has been developed. The ceramic base outer size of the new C-QFP with 356 inner leads and 288 outer leads is 27 mm by 30 mm. The pitch of the inner and outer lead is 0.15 and 0.38 mm, respectively. The new C-QFP is composed of a fine pitch thin film wiring layer on a ceramic base interconnected to the outer leads by a single point bonding system. A novel process was developed for assembly of the new C-QFP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bebel and Socialism (1975)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.
Fatty Acid Metabolism and SREBP (2001)

SREBPはコレステロール, 脂肪酸代謝に関与する遺伝子群の転写を制御する転写因子である。SREBPは互いに47%のアミノ酸相同性を有するSREBP1とSREBP2からなる。他のbHLH-Zip (basicHelix-LooP-Helix leucine Zipper) を持つ転写因子とは異なり, SREBPは小胞体膜あるいは核膜上の膜蛋白質として合成される。bHLH-Zip領域を含む転写因子活性部位は2段階の切断機構を介して膜から切り離される。SREBPファミリーの中で, SREBP1が主として脂肪酸代謝調節を行う。SREBP1にはalternativesplicingにより生成されるSREBPlaとSREBPlcが存在するが, 1cはN末端の転写活性化領域の24アミノ酸残基が欠損しており, 1aに比べて転写因子としての活性は低い。SREBPlの調節遺伝子として脂肪酸合成酵素, アセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ, ATPクエン酸リアーゼ, ステアロイルCoAデサチュラーゼ, グリセロ3燐酸アシルトランスフェラーゼが挙げられる。最近の研究結果から, 多価不飽和脂肪酸がSREBP1の活性化を抑制することが明らかになり, その作用機序の詳細の解明が待たれる。SREBPの機能を介してコレステロール代謝と脂肪酸代謝が密接な関係を持ちつつ制御されている事実は特筆するに値する。
Impairment of double‐strand breaks repair and aberrant splicing of <i>ATM</i> and <i>MRE11</i> in leukemia–lymphoma cell lines with microsatellite instability (2006)

Mutations of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair genes, ATM, MRE11, RAD50, NBS1 and ATR, are postulated to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal malignancies with an impaired mismatch repair (MMR) function. In the present study, mutations of these genes together with the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) were examined in 50 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. MSI was detected in 13 (26%) lines. Mutations of intronic mononucleotide repeats in ATM and MRE11 were found in nine and six lines, respectively, whereas mutations of mononucleotide repeats of RAD50 were found in only one line, and none were found in either NBS1 or ATR. Frequencies of ATM and MRE11 mutations were significantly higher in MSI-positive than MSI-negative lines. These mutations generated aberrant splicing in both genes. The intensity of the aberrant transcript of ATM (497del22) was stronger in five lines harboring mononucleotide mutations of 2 bp or more than in the lines without or with a 1-bp mutation. The intensity of the aberrant transcript of MRE11 (315del88) was stronger in four lines with mononucleotide mutations than in lines without. The expression levels of ATM and MRE11 transcripts in MSI-positive lines were significantly higher than those in MSI-negative lines. MSI-positive cell lines showed delay or abrogation of DSB repair. The present study suggests that impairment of the MMR system causes aberrant transcripts in the DSB repair genes ATM and MRE11. This might result in inactivation of the DSB repair system, thus inducing an acceleration of genome instability and accumulation of genetic damage.
Color channel encoding with NMF for face recognition (2005)

Colors act as cues for perceiving objects, particularly in complex scenes. Intuitively, color seems to play an important role in recognizing people in scenes. Recent research has evinced that color cues contribute in recognizing faces, especially when shape cues of the images are degraded. Although the input to many of the face recognition systems is color images, during preprocessing, these images are converted to gray scale images for the feature extraction. In this study, we use non negative matrix factorization (NMF) to recognize color face images. By using NMF, we encode color channels (red, green, blue), thereby, projecting these feature vectors to sparse subspaces. The implemented system is tested on a subset of color images in the AR database for robustness against facial expressions and illumination variations. Furthermore, color face recognition results are compared with the results obtained for the gray scale images of the same data set. Our results show improved accuracy of color image recognition over gray level image recognition when large facial expressions and illumination variations are present.
Automated Compliance of Mobile Wallet Payments for Cloud Services (2021)

Mobile payments are on the rise, and as their popularity is emerging, providers must adhere to security regulations to ensure consumer confidence. There is currently no single regulation specific to mobile wallets, so existing banking transactions are used to secure mobile payment transactions. These financial regulations are large textual documents and require significant manual effort to comprehend and ensure compliance adherence. Thus, it is difficult for both the consumers and providers to understand which specific rules in these regulations apply to their mobile wallet transactions. We have created an integrated knowledge representation of the four main banking regulations that apply to mobile payment Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA), Truth in Lending Act (TILA), Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI-DSS). In this paper, we present our framework in detail along with the qualitative and quantitative measures that were used to validate the design against the policies of six major vendors that deal with mobile payments. Our integrated mobile payment knowledge graph, which is available in the public domain, can be used by practitioners to automate mobile wallet transaction compliance in their organization.
Therapeutic Potential of Cone Snail Venom Peptides (Conopeptides) (2012)

Cone snails have evolved many 1000s of small, structurally stable venom peptides (conopeptides) for prey capture and defense. Whilst < 0.1% have been pharmacologically characterised, those with known function typically target membrane proteins of therapeutic importance, including ion channels, transporters and GPCRs. Several conopeptides reduce pain in animals models, with one in clinical development (χ-conopeptide analogue Xen2174) and one marketed (ω- conotoxin MVIIA or Prialt) for the treatment of severe pain. In addition to their therapeutic potential, conopeptides have been valuable probes for studying the role of a number of key membrane proteins in normal and disease physiology.
The biology of Hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for genomic and immune therapies (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is highly refractory to most systemic therapies. Recently, significant progress has been made in uncovering genomic alterations in HCC, including potentially targetable aberrations. The most common molecular anomalies in this malignancy are mutations in the TERT promoter, TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1, ARID1A, CDKN2A and CCND1 genes. PTEN loss at the protein level is also frequent. Genomic portfolios stratify by risk factors as follows: (i) CTNNB1 with alcoholic cirrhosis; and (ii) TP53 with hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis. Activating mutations in CTNNB1 and inactivating mutations in AXIN1 both activate WNT signaling. Alterations in this pathway, as well as in TP53 and the cell cycle machinery, and in the PI3K/Akt/mTor axis (the latter activated in the presence of PTEN loss), as well as aberrant angiogenesis and epigenetic anomalies, appear to be major events in HCC. Many of these abnormalities may be pharmacologically tractable. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is also emerging as an important treatment option. Indeed, 82% of patients express PD-L1 (immunohistochemistry) and response rates to anti-PD-1 treatment are about 19%, and include about 5% complete remissions as well as durable benefit in some patients. Biomarker-matched trials are still limited in this disease, and many of the genomic alterations in HCC remain challenging to target. Future studies may require combination regimens that include both immunotherapies and molecularly matched targeted treatments.
THE EFFECTS OF SUNLIGHT ON THE SKIN (1956)

For centuries, men have recognized the therapeutic action of sunlight and have taken for granted that sunbathing increases man's energy and sense of well-being. Heliotherapy, however, was first advocated toward the end of the 18th century by Faure for chronic ulcers of the skin and by Chauvin for relief from apathy and anemia. In 1877 Downs and Blunt discovered the bactericidal action of sunlight, and at the end of the century Finsen established that this action, as well as the production of sunburn, was caused by the invisible ultraviolet rays of the sun. With artificial light that imitated the solar spectrum and with sunlight, he and Bernhard pioneered in the successful treatment of diseases of the skin and other organs. In the 20th century the biochemical and physical properties of sunlight have been determined. Apparently the conservative or rational use of sunlight or its artificial substitutes is healthful to most
A FACILE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL PYRIDINONE DERIVATIVES VIA KETENE <i>N</i> , <i>S</i> -ACETALS (2001)

Abstract A simple and easy method is provided for the synthesis of the novel pyridinone derivatives (3a–e), (8a–c) and (10a–c) by the reaction of ketene acetals (2a–e), (7a–c) and (9a–c) with ethyl cyanoacetate respectively. Compounds (3b–d) reacted with triethyl orthoformate to afford the pyridinone derivatives (4-6) respectively. Compound 7a reacted with ethyl acetoacetate or diethyl malonate to give thiazolopyridinone derivative 11 or 12 respectively. Acknowledgments
Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economic development (1997)

Abstract Business clusters have been observed and studied since the turn of the century, yet the phenomenon has been vastly underrated and undervalued in economic development and planning policy. As long as branch plants dominate economic development policy, interest in clustering involves merely seeking suppliers for these customers. Today though, as industry restructures, becoming leaner and more flexible, the importance of lateral inter‐firm relationships takes higher policy priority. A comparison of cases from Tupelo, Mississippi and Castel Goffredo, Lombardia, shows the relevance of clustering to localized economic development.
A Flexible Approach for Instance Adaptation During Class Versioning (2000)

One of the consequences of evolution can be the inability to access objects created using the older schema definition under the new definition and vice versa. Instance adaptation is the conversion of objects to a compatible definition or making objects exhibit a compatible interface. Existing evolution approaches are committed to a particular instance adaptation strategy. This is because changes to the instance adaptation strategy or an attempt to adopt an entirely different strategy would be very costly. This paper proposes a flexible instance adaptation approach for systems employing class versioning to manage evolution. Flexibility is achieved by encapsulating the instance adaptation code in aspects - abstractions introduced by aspect-oriented programming to localise cross-cutting concerns. This makes it possible to make cost-effective changes to the instance adaptation strategy. The flexibility of the approach is demonstrated by using two instance adaptation strategies: error handlers and update/backdate methods.
Diffusion pumped ultrahigh vacuum systems: Important considerations (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. H. Dubois; Diffusion pumped ultrahigh vacuum systems: Important considerations. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 1 January 1988; 6 (1): 162–163. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575002 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Interpolation of Besov spaces (1988)

We investigate Besov spaces and their connection with dyadic spline approximation in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L Subscript p Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{L_p}(\Omega )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="0 greater-than p less-than-or-slanted-equals normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">0 > p \leqslant \infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Our main results are: the determination of the interpolation spaces between a pair of Besov spaces; an atomic decomposition for functions in a Besov space; the characterization of the class of functions which have certain prescribed degree of approximation by dyadic splines.
[Peripheral effector mechanism hypothesis on cardiovascular dysfunction after spaceflight]. (2001)

In the years of 1990's, we systematically studied the adaptational changes in structure and function of both the heart and the vessels during simulated weightlessness. In our serial work, the tail-suspension rat model was used to simulate the microgravity-induced cephalad shift and redistribution of blood. On the basis of the facts we observed and the more recent advances in space and ground-based studies in 1990's, we put forward a hypothesis to offer a possible explanation for the frequent occurrence of postflight cardiovascular dysfunction. It states that, in addition to the factor of hypovolemia, the microgravity-induced adaptational changes in the structure and function of the two main effectors of the cardiovascular system, i.e., the arterial smooth muscle and the cardiac muscle might be one of the most important mechanisms accounting for postflight cardiovascular dysfunction.
Studies of the Hydrous Silicon(IV)–Titanium(IV) Oxide Ion Exchanger. I. A Method of Synthesis and Some Properties (1989)

Abstract Hydrous silicon(IV)–titanium(IV) oxide ion exchanger was prepared by using TiCl4 and Na2SiCO3 solutions. From a detailed examination of the dependency of the compositions and the acid–base properties of the products on the conditions for precipitation, a reproducible synthetic procedure was established. The exchangers with 37 to 67 mol% of titanium to metallic elements possess much larger ion-exchange capacities and are more stable to highly alkaline solutions than simple mixtures of hydrous silicon(IV) oxide and hydrous titanium(IV) oxide. The dependency of the ion-exchange capacity on the composition can be explained by the difference in the structure of the matrix as evidenced from the thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption studies.
Pre-concentration of positron-emitting [18F]fluoride and radiosynthesis of fluoride-based prosthetic compounds for PET imaging using magnetic droplet microfluidics (MDM) (2014)

The radioisotope 18F is often considered the best choice for PET imaging, owing to its desirable chemical and radiochemical properties. However, nucleophilic 18F fluorination of large, water soluble biomolecules, based on C-F bond formation, has been difficult. Thus, several aqueous fluorination approach have been developed which offers significant development in radiopharmaceutical synthesis. Furthermore, since 18F decays rapidly, production of these 18F-labelled compounds requires an automated process to reduce production time, reduce radiation exposure and also minimize transfer of reagents during tracer synthesis to reduce sample transfer loss. Herein, a method called magnetic droplet microfluidics (MDM) has been developed which aims to conduct [18F]fluoride pre-concentration and synthesis of 18F-labeled compound on a microfluidic platform. Using this method, we have demonstrated 18F pre-concentration in a small-volume droplet through the use of anion exchanging magnetic particles. By using MDM, the pre-concentration step took approximately 5 min. and the [18F]fluoride solution was pre-concentrated by 15-fold from a volume of 1 mL to 0.05 mL. After the pre-concentration step, an 18F-labelling reaction was performed on the MDM platform using the S-F bond formation in aqueous conditions to produce an arylsulfonyl [18F]fluoride which can be used as a prosthetic group to label PET targeting ligands. The high radiochemical purity of 95 ± 1% was comparable with 96% which was previously reported using conventional method. In addition, when using MDM, the total synthesis time was improved to 15 min. with lower reagent volumes (50-60 µL) used. The MDM method was also used to produce an 18F-labelled aryltrifluoroborate through B-F bond formation. The synthesis of aryltrifluoroborate compound at low activities (~5 mCi), gave radiochemical purities which were low for both MDM (5.8%) and conventional method (6.0%).
Pre‐Calibrated Biosensors for Single‐Use Applications (2012)

Abstract Bioprocess development and fermentation control would benefit from a timely knowledge of metabolic parameters, e.g., glucose, glutamine, and lactate concentration etc., enabling adequate intervention, maximizing product yield, and providing process analytical tools for reliable and traceable bioprocessing in the context of process analytical technology. A polymer laminate technology based microsytem comprising integrated pre‐calibrated electrochemical biosensors for the simultaneous monitoring of lactate, glucose, glutamine, and glutamate in a 0.15‐μL flow‐through cell for process monitoring and control is presented. Flexible manufacturing technologies used for these devices allow a cost effective customization of them.
Prefetching based on the type-level access pattern in object-relational DBMSs (2002)

Prefetching is an effective method for minimizing the number of round-trips between the client and the server in database management systems. We propose new notions of the type-level access locality and the type-level access pattern. We also formally define the notions of capturing and prefetching to help understand the underlying mechanisms. We then develop an efficient prefetching policy based on these notions and the framework. The type-level access locality is a phenomenon that repetitive patterns exist in the attributes referenced. The type-level access pattern is a pattern of attributes that are referenced in accessing the objects. Existing prefetching methods are based on object-level or page-level access patterns, which consist of object-ids or page-ids of the objects accessed. However the drawback of these methods is that they work only when exactly the same objects or pages are accessed repeatedly. In contrast even though the same objects are not accessed repeatedly our technique effectively prefetches objects if the same attributes are referenced repeatedly, i.e., if there is type-level access locality. Many navigational applications in object-relational database management systems (ORDBMSs) have type-level access locality. Therefore, our technique can be employed in ORDBMSs to effectively reduce the number of round trips, thereby significantly enhancing the performance.