gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Replication Strategies in P2P Systems: A Survey (2014)

Data replication means storing copies of the same data at multiple peers thus improving availability and scalability. Replication can be seen as a family of techniques. Full documents or just chunks can be replicated. Since the same data can be found at multiple peers, availability is assured in case of peer failure. Consistency is a challenge in replication systems that allow dynamic updates of replicas. Fundamental to any of them is the degree of replication (full or partial), as well as the source of the updates and the way updates are propagated in the system. In this paper we study some data replication strategies and requirements for different P2P applications. We identify several contexts and use cases where data replication can be used. We will also discuss about existing optimistic replication solutions and P2P replication strategies and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.
Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Efficient and Practical Conjugate Additions to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with a Chiral Organic Catalyst (2005)

Mehrwert: Die konjugierte Addition cyclischer oder acyclischer α-substituierter β-Ketoester an α,β-ungesättigte Ketone mithilfe eines chiralen organischen Katalysators (1) gelingt mit guter Enantioselektivität, Diastereoselektivität und Ausbeute. Diese Strategie zur asymmetrischen C-C-Bindungsbildung liefert eine Vielzahl chiraler Bausteine 2 mit quartären Allkohlenstoffstereozentren.
Awake Endotracheal Intubation (1975)

During a 3-month period, 267 "awake" endotracheal intubations, representing 35 percent of all preoperative intubations, were performed with small doses of amnalgesic drugs given intravenously. Of 249 patients interviewed postoperatively, 86 percent reported complete amnesia for the procedure and only 3.5 percent recalled the event as being "quite unpleasant".
Salient region detection using high level feature (2014)

In the last few decades, selective visual attention has been extensively studied for its promising contributions to computer vision applications. Many different models have been proposed to compute visual saliency, which can be coarsely formulated as computational or psychophysical. Most existing methods are based on bottom-up mechanism, an automatic human behavior to guide gaze allocation. And low level features such as color, intensity and orientation are commonly adopted to compute saliency map. In this work, we propose a saliency computation method that integrates high-level information of object with low-level features. The result map is more suitable for most top-down tasks in the field of mobile robot requiring object information.
Amantadine Ameliorates Dopamine-Releasing Deficits and Behavioral Deficits in Rats after Fluid Percussion Injury (2014)

Chronic treatment with amantadine hydrochloride can ameliorate dopamine-release deficits as well as cognitive and motor deficits caused by cerebral fluid-percussion injury.
Bortezomib in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide or doxorubicin regimens for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials (2013)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of bortezomib-based regimens for the treatment of multiple myeloma through meta-analysis. The literature on three classes of bortezomib-based regimens - bortezomib and thalidomide (VT), bortezomib and lenalidomide (VR) and bortezomib and doxorubicin (VD) - was systematically retrieved and analyzed. The initial search yielded 4896 citations, of which 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (a total of 5379 patients enrolled) met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the VT regimen had an improved benefit in complete remission (CR) and overall response rate (ORR), but not in progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and major grade III/IV adverse events such as peripheral neuropathy, thrombotic events and infection. In contrast, the VD regimen had an improved CR with fewer thrombotic events, while PFS, OS, ORR and the other adverse events showed no significant difference. No significant difference was observed in CR, ORR and major grade III/IV adverse events when comparing the VR regimen with bortezomib and cyclophosphamide (VC), but patients receiving VR regimen therapy had obviously longer PFS and OS.
Sensing Light with LEDs: Performance Evaluation for IoT Applications (2017)

The Internet of Things includes all the technologies allowing the connection of everyday objects to the Internet, in order to gather measurements of physical quantities and interact with the surrounding environments through telecommunication devices with embedded sensing and actuating units. The measurements carried out with different LEDs demonstrate the possibility of using these devices both as transmitters and as optical sensors, in addition to their ability to discriminate incident wavelengths, thus making them bi-directional transceivers for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, particularly suitable in the context of Visible Light Communication (VLC). In particular, a methodological tool is provided for selecting the LED sensor for VLC applications.
Cucurbitacins from<i>Trichosanthes kirilowii</i>as the Inhibitory Components on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanin Synthesis of B16/F10 Melanoma Cells (2002)

Cucurbitacins 1 and 2 were isolated from the root of Trichosanthes kirilowii by tyrosinase inhibitory activity-guided fractionation. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 were cucurbitacin D and 23,24-dihydro-cucurbitacin D, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 effectively inhibited the activity of tyrosinase (IC(50) = 0.18 microM and 6.7 microM, respectively), and the synthesis of melanin (IC(50) = 0.16 microM and 7.5 microM, respectively) in B16/F10 melanoma cells.
A Locally Deterministic, Detector-Based Model of Quantum Measurement (2014)

This paper describes a simple, causally deterministic model of quantum measurement based on an amplitude threshold detection scheme. Surprisingly, it is found to reproduce many phenomena normally thought to be uniquely quantum in nature. To model an $$N$$ -dimensional pure state, the model uses $$N$$ complex random variables given by a scaled version of the wave vector with additive complex noise. Measurements are defined by threshold crossings of the individual components, conditioned on single-component threshold crossings. The resulting detection probabilities match or approximate those predicted by quantum mechanics according to the Born rule. Nevertheless, quantum phenomena such as entanglement, contextuality, and violations of Bell’s inequality under local measurements are all shown to be exhibited by the model, thereby demonstrating that such phenomena are not without classical analogs.
Functional aliphatic polyesters and nanoparticles prepared by organocatalysis and orthogonal grafting chemistry (2012)

Abstract We describe the use of organic catalysis for the ring‐opening polymerization of functionalized lactones and conversion of the resulting aliphatic polyesters into crosslinked nanoparticles that carry additional functional groups amenable to further modification. Specifically, highly functional aliphatic polyester homopolymers, as well as random and block copolymers, were prepared by 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene catalysis, giving polyesters with pendent alkene and alkyne groups. Azide‐alkyne click and thiol‐ene chemistries were used for postpolymerization modification of diblock copolymers possessing alkene groups on one block and alkyne groups on the other block. The polyesters were crosslinked using azide/alkyne cycloaddition, by reaction of α,ω‐diazides with the pendent alkynes on the polyester backbone. This gave polyester nanoparticles possessing alkene functionality, which were subjected to further modification using thiol‐ene reactions to introduce additional functionality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Siliceous ZSM‐5 Membranes by Secondary Growth of <i>b</i>‐Oriented Seed Layers (2004)

Abstract A modified seeded growth procedure, which allowed us to prepare the first functional b ‐oriented siliceous ZSM‐5 membrane (Z. Lai et al., Science , 2003 , 300 , 456), is described and discussed in detail. The procedure involves growing a b ‐oriented ZSM‐5 seed monolayer into a dense b ‐oriented membrane. Preservation of the orientation is achieved by enhancing the growth rate of siliceous ZSM‐5 crystals along the b ‐axis using trimer‐TPAOH (bis‐ N , N ‐(tripropylammoniumhexamethylene) di‐ N , N ‐propylammonium trihydroxide) as the structure‐directing agent (SDA). Under similar synthesis conditions but using monomer‐TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) as the SDA for the secondary growth of the b ‐oriented seed layer, two other films with mixed grain orientations, namely b & a ‐ or b & a & h 0 h / c ‐oriented ZSM‐5 membranes were obtained depending on temperature of the secondary growth. Membrane microstructures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, pole figure analysis, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent confocal optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The separation performance of the three types of membranes was tested by using a mixture of xylene isomers. Significant improvement in both permeance and separation factor is achieved by the b ‐oriented siliceous ZSM‐5 membrane compared to the other two types of membranes described here or other reported ZSM‐5 membranes in the literature. The permeation results indicate that the membrane performance depends strongly on membrane microstructure.
Lactobacillus plantarum displaying CCL3 chemokine in fusion with HIV-1 Gag derived antigen causes increased recruitment of T cells (2015)

The results show the ability of engineered L. plantarum to produce a functional chemotactic protein immobilized on the bacterial surface. We observed that the activity of surface-displayed CCL3Gag differed depending on the type of anchor used. The chemokine which is a part of the bacteria-based vaccine may increase the recruitment of immune cells and, thereby, enhance the reaction of the immune system to the vaccine.
Remote electronic gambling (2002)

We examine the problem of putting a casino on the Internet. We discuss fairly generating random bits and permutations for use in casino games, protecting against player/player and player/dealer collusions, and ensuring a secure audit trail that both the player and dealer can use to ensure the payment of debts. We conclude with a series of open problems.
VQL: Providing Query Efficiency and Data Authenticity in Blockchain Systems (2019)

Blockchain, as the underlying technique of cryptocurrency, has triggered a wave of innovation in decentralized computing. Despite some research on blockchain data query, a primary concern for blockchain to be fully practical is to combat the data query inefficiency and query result authenticity. To provide both efficient and verifiable data query services for blockchain-based systems, we propose a Verifiable Query Layer (VQL). The middleware layer extracts transactions stored in the underlying blockchain system and efficiently reorganizes them in databases to provide various query services for public users. To prevent falsified data being stored in the middleware, a cryptographic hash value is calculated for each constructed database. The database fingerprint including the hash value and some database properties will be first verified by miners and then stored in the blockchain. We implement VQL and conduct extensive experiments based on a practical blockchain system Ethereum. The evaluation results demonstrate that VQL can effectively support various data query services and guarantee the authenticity of query results for the blockchain system.
Effective activation of the proenzyme form of the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (pro‐uPA) by the cysteine protease cathepsin L (1992)

Increased levels of both the cysteine protease, cathepsin L, and the serine protease, uPA (urokinase‐type plasminogen activator), are present in solid tumors and are correlated with malignancy. uPA is released by tumor cells as an inactive single‐chain proenzyme (pro‐uPA) which has to be activated by proteolytic cleavage. We analyzed in detail the action of the cysteine protease, cathepsin L, on recombinant human pro‐uPA. Enzymatic assays, SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis revealed that cathepsin L is a potent activator of pro‐uPA. As determined by N‐terminal amino acid sequence analysis, activation of pro‐uPA by cathepsin L is achieved by cleavage or the Lys 158 ‐lle 159 peptide bond, a common activation site of serine proteases such as plasmin and kallikrein. Similar to cathepsin B (Kobayashi et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266, 5147‐5152) cleavage of pro‐uPA by cathepsin L was most effective at acidic pH (molar ratio of cathepsin L to pro‐uPA of 1:2,000). Nevertheless, even at pH 7.0, pro‐uPA was activated by cathepsin L, although a 10‐fold higher concentration of cathepsin L was required. As tumor cells may produce both pro‐uPA and cathepsin L, implications for the activation of tumor cell‐derived pro‐uPA by cathepsin L may be considered. Different pathways activation of pro‐uPA in tumor tissues may coexist: (i) autocatalytic intrinsic activation of pro‐uPA; (ii) activation by serine proteases (plasmin, kallikrein. Factor XIIa); and (iii) activation by cysteine proteases (cathepsin B and L).
Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Among Febrile Young Children With Daily Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy at a Day Treatment Center (2004)

Our data show that ambulatory treatment with IV antibiotics, at a DTC, may be used for at least three-fourths of UTIs among febrile children 3 months to 5 years of age. It is safe and feasible and appears very satisfactory to parents. Although ambulatory treatment with IV antibiotics is more invasive than oral therapy during the initiation of UTI treatment, it ensures almost full compliance, allows close medical supervision, and facilitates investigations related to the UTI. It is an interesting alternative to hospitalization.
Intention Recognition Using A Graph Representation (2007)

The human friendly interaction is the key function of a human-centered system. Over the years, it has received much attention to develop the convenient interaction through intention recognition. Intention recognition processes multimodal inputs including speech, face images, and body gestures. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach of intention recognition using a graph representation called Intention Graph. A concept of valid intention is proposed, as a target of intention recognition. Our approach has two phases: goal recognition phase and intention recognition phase. In the goal recognition phase, we generate an action graph based on the observed actions, and then the candidate goals and their plans are recognized. In the intention recognition phase, the intention is recognized with relevant goals and user profile. We show that the algorithm has polynomial time complexity. The intention graph is applied to a simple briefcase domain to test our model.
Nanoengineering Heat Transfer Performance at Carbon Nanotube Interfaces (2009)

Carbon nanotubes are superb materials for nanoscale thermal management and phononic devices applications, due to their extremely high thermal conductivity (3000-6600 W/mK) and quasi-one-dimensional geometry. However, the presence of interfaces between individual carbon nanotubes as found widely in nanocomposites, nanoelectronics, and nanodevices severely limits their performance for larger scale applications. Solving this issue requires a deep understanding of the heat transfer mechanism at this nanoscale interface between low-dimensional structures, where conventional models developed for interfaces in bulk materials do not apply. Here we address this challenge through a bottom-up approach based on atomistic simulations. We demonstrate that the huge thermal resistance of carbon nanotube junctions can be significantly improved through modifying the molecular structure at the interface to enhance both the matching of phonon spectra and phonon mode coupling. Specifically, two approaches based on polymer wrapping and metal coatings are investigated here and have shown to improve both the structural stability and interfacial thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube junctions. By properly designing the interface molecular structure between individual carbon nanotubes, significant performance gains up to a factor of 4 can be achieved. These results pave the way for future designs of thermal management networks and phononic devices with thermally transparent and structurally stable interfaces.
Nonlinear Optimization of Low-Thrust Trajectory for Satellite Formation: Legendre Pseudospectral Approach (2009)

In this paper, we focus on the design of a fuel-optimal maneuver strategy to reconfigure satellite formation using a low-thrust propulsion system. We cast it as an optimization problem with a desired final satellite formation configuration subject to collision avoidance constraints on the paths of the chief and all deputy satellites. The satellite terminal orbit states corresponding to this desired formation configuration are ensured by imposing an energy-matching condition and final geometry configuration constraints in the problem formulation. In addition, we adopt our recently developed relative satellite kinematics model to accurately describe relative satellite orbit geometry in the presence of J 2 effects. The resulting nonlinear optimal control problem is converted into a nonlinear programming problem by the application of the Legendre pseudospectral method and is then solved by using a sparse nonlinear optimization software named TOMLAB/SNOPT. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed method in designing fuel-optimal maneuvers for a wide class of satellite formation problems.
Decentralized motion control for cooperative manipulation with a team of networked mobile manipulators (2016)

In this paper we consider the cooperative control of the manipulation of a load on a plane by a team of mobile robots. We propose two different novel solutions. The first is a controller which ensures exact tracking of the load twist. This controller is partially decentralized since, locally, it does not rely on the state of all the robots but needs only to know the system parameters and load twist. Then we propose a fully decentralized controller that differs from the first one for the use of i) a decentralized estimation of the parameters and twist of the load based only on local measurements of the velocity of the contact points and ii) a discontinuous robustification term in the control law. The second controller ensures a practical stabilization of the twist in presence of estimation errors. The theoretical results are finally corroborated with a simulation campaign evaluating different manipulation settings.
Acetylene terminated matrix resins (1985)

The synthesis of resins with terminal acetylene groups has provided a promising technology to yield high performance structural materials. Because these resins cure through an addition reaction, no volatile by-products are produced during the processing. The cured products have high thermal stability and good properties retention after exposure to humidity. Resins with a wide variety of different chemical structures between the terminal acetylene groups are synthesized and their mechanical properties studied. The ability of the acetylene cured polymers to give good mechanical properties is demonstrated by the resins with quinoxaline structures. Processibility of these resins can be manipulated by varying the chain length between the acetylene groups or by blending in different amounts of reactive deluents. Processing conditions similar to the state-of-the-art epoxy can be attained by using backbone structures like ether-sulfone or bis-phenol-A. The wide range of mechanical properties and processing conditions attainable by this class of resins should allow them to be used in a wide variety of applications.
6.1 W continuous wave front-facet power from Al-free active-region (λ=805 nm) diode lasers (1998)

Al-free active-region diode lasers grown by low-pressure, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and emitting at λ=805 nm have been optimized for high continuous wave output power. The 1-mm-long devices consisting of an InGaAsP/In0.5Ga0.5P/In0.5(Ga0.5Al0.5)0.5P laser structure have a threshold-current density, Jth, of 310 A/cm2 and relatively high values for the characteristic temperatures of the threshold current, T0 (135 K), and differential quantum efficiency, T1 (900 K). Lasers with 10%/90% coatings and a 100-μm-wide stripe provide a maximum cw output power of 6.1 W at a heatsink temperature of 10 °C. The devices fail due to catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD), where the internal power density, P̄COMD, is 17.4 MW/cm2; that is, twice that for conventionally facet-coated, 810 nm emitting, AlGaAs active-region diode lasers.
Relative Effectiveness of Ferroglycine Sulfate and Ferrous Sulfate (1962)

IN recent years the drug industry has presented the practicing physician with an ever increasing array of iron preparations. Medical representatives, armed with excerpts from the medical literature, urge him that each new iron preparation is better tolerated and more efficacious than any of the others. One of us (E.B.) has recently reviewed the literature on which these claims are based, and found the lack of any convincing evidence that any preparation was superior, in either tolerance or efficacy, to ferrous sulfate.1 However, the lack of such evidence does not mean that there may not be iron preparations that are . . .
Synergetic effects in ion beam energy and substrate temperature during hyperthermal particle film deposition (1998)

A semiquantitative subplantation model for hyperthermal particle enhancement of epitaxy is proposed and applied to the system of Si+ ion beam homoepitaxial growth. The mechanism proposes that storage of a portion of the kinetic energy of the hyperthermal particles as interstitial atoms and subsequent release of this energy is a general phenomenon that is responsible for ion beam enhanced epitaxy and growth of metastable materials. A generalized epitaxial phase diagram which illustrates the energy-temperature synergism is constructed. This provides an understanding of the limited and unlimited silicon homoepitaxial growth from thermal (molecular beam epitaxy) and hyperthermal Si atoms, respectively. Four regions of energy-temperature space have been identified in reference to epitaxial growth: I. Unlimited epitaxy due to high thermal energy; II. Interstitial registry-limited epitaxial growth; III. Hyperthermal particle enhanced epitaxy; IV. Defect-limited epitaxial growth.
Automated Enzymatic Assay for Homocysteine (2003)

Various methods have been developed for plasma total homocysteine (tHCY) measurement, including a tHCY enzyme conversion immunoassay designed for the Abbott IMx analyzer (1), a microtiter plate tHCY enzymatic immunoassay assay (2), HPLC methods (3)(4)(5), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods (6). We have described a single-enzyme tHCY assay (enzymatic tHCY assay) based on a highly specific recombinant form of l-homocysteine α,γ-lyase (rHCYase) (7)(8). We report here the application of this tHCY enzymatic assay on the Hitachi 912 automatic chemistry analyzer. The principle of the assay is that rHCYase produces H2S from tHCY and that the H2S is quantified by its reaction with N,N -dibutylphenylenediamine, which produces a chromophore.

The assay uses four reagents and thus is compatible …