gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging (2007)

Lighting things up: Multifunctional silica nanoparticles containing a luminescent core and a paramagnetic coat are prepared, and their utility as multimodal imaging probes is demonstrated in vitro. Monocyte cells can be labeled with the hybrid nanoparticles with greater than 98 % efficiency and do not experience measurable toxicity even at a high loading of 0.123 mg per 5000 cells.
A Two-Dimensional Meteorological Computer Model for the Forest Canopy (2003)

NOTICES Disclaimers The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturers ’ or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof.
Reverse osmosis of single and mixed electrolytes with charged membranes: Experiment and analysis. (1991)

Reverse osmosis experiments using single electrolytes, mixed electrolytes having common cations (sodium chloride/sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide/sodium sulfate) and mixed electrolytes having common anions (sodium chloride/magnesium chloride and hydrochloric acid/magnesium chloride) were carried out with negatively charged membranes. Rejection occurred only due to the charge effect and was dependent upon volume flux, the ratio of the membrane charge density to feed concentration and the mole fraction in mixtures. Mono- and divalent anions in mixed electrolytes having common cations were found to be separated effectively. In particular, monovalent anion showed negative rejection. Mono- and divalent cations could not be separated as efficiently as mono- and divalent anions.Experimental results for single electrolyte solutions were well explained by applying the extended Nernst–Planck equation, and two transport parameters (effective charge density and structural parameters) were obtained. Rejection of ions in mixtures was well predicted by the extended Nernst–Planck equation with the transport parameters obtained from the single-electrolyte experiments.
Quantitative Importance of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Determined by Incorporation of <sup>13</sup>C from [2-<sup>13</sup>C]- and [3-<sup>13</sup>C]Glucose into TCA Cycle Intermediates and Neurotransmitter Amino Acids in Functionally Intact Neurons (2012)

The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative injury, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) has been shown to be affected by pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. While this pathway has been investigated in the intact brain and in astrocytes, little is known about the PPP in neurons. The activity of the PPP was quantified in cultured cerebral cortical and cerebellar neurons after incubation in the presence of [2-(13)C]glucose or [3-(13)C]glucose. The activity of the PPP was several fold lower than glycolysis in both types of neurons. While metabolism of (13)C-labeled glucose via the PPP does not appear to contribute to the production of releasable lactate, it contributes to labeling of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and related amino acids. Based on glutamate isotopomers, it was calculated that PPP activity accounts for ~6% of glucose metabolism in cortical neurons and ~4% in cerebellar neurons. This is the first demonstration that pyruvate generated from glucose via the PPP contributes to the synthesis of acetyl CoA for oxidation in the TCA cycle. Moreover, the fact that (13)C labeling from glucose is incorporated into glutamate proves that both the oxidative and the nonoxidative stages of the PPP are active in neurons.
Transition-Metal-Free Access to Primary Anilines from Boronic Acids and a Common<sup>+</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>Equivalent. (2015)

Diversely substituted anilines are prepared by treatment of functionalized arylboronic acids with a common, inexpensive source of electrophilic nitrogen (H2N-OSO3H, HSA) under basic aqueous conditions. Electron-rich substrates are found to be the most reactive by this method. However, even moderately electron-poor substrates are well tolerated under the room temperature conditions. Sterically hindered substrates appear to be equally effective compared to unhindered ones. Highly electron-deficient substrates afford product in very low yields at room temperature, but moderate to good yields are obtained at refluxing temperatures. Our method is also amenable to electrophilic amination of several common boronic acid derivatives (e.g., pinacol esters). We demonstrate that it can be combined with metal-halogen exchange reactions or a variety of directed ortho metalation protocols in a "one-pot" sequence for the synthesis of aromatic amines with unique substitution patterns. DFT studies, in combination with experimental results, suggest that the reaction occurs via base-mediated activation of HSA, followed by 1,2 aryl B-N migration. This mode of activation appears to be critical for the success of the reaction and allows, for the first time, a general, electrophilic amination of boronic acids at ambient temperature.
A GPU implementation of color digital halftoning using the Direct Binary Search algorithm (2012)

We illustrate how employing Graphics Processing Units (GPU) can speed-up intensive image processing operations. In particular, we demonstrate the use of the NVIDIA CUDA architecture to implement a color digital binary halftoning algorithm based on Direct Binary Search (DBS). Halftoning a color image is more computationally expensive than the single color case as there is a need to minimize dot interaction between different color planes as well. We propose processing all color planes in parallel. In addition we employ processing several non-overlapping neighborhoods in parallel, by utilizing the GPU's parallel architecture, to further improve the computational efficiency. This parallel approach allows us to use a large neighborhood and filter size, to achieve the highest halftone quality, while having minimal impact on performance.
A Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Communication System (2003)

Although religiosity is protective for mortality and morbidity, its relationship with depression is unclear. We used the 1994 Alameda County Study survey of 2,537 subjects aged 50-102 to analyze associations between two forms of religiosity and depression as well as the extent to which religiosity buffers relationships between stressors and depression. Non-organizational religiosity included prayer and importance of religious and spiritual beliefs; organizational religiosity included attendance at services and other activities. Non-organizational religiosity had no association with depression; organizational religiosity had a negative relationship that weakened slightly with the addition of health controls. Both forms of religiosity buffered associations with depression for non-family stressors, such as financial and health problems. However, non-organizational religiosity exacerbated associations with depression for child problems, and organizational religiosity exacerbated associations with depression for marital problems, abuse, and caregiving. Religiosity may help those experiencing non-family stressors, but may worsen matters for those facing family crises.
An efficient adaptive LSP method for speech encoding (2002)

The authors describe an adaptive split-path filter structure for calculating line spectral pair (LSP) coefficients by using the least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm. The two split filters are constructed as a cascade of second-order sections and the filter parameters are equivalent to the LSP coefficients. Adaptation is based on minimizing the output errors of the two filters independently, which is computationally simpler and has a much faster convergence rate. A subband predictive coder that divides speech into three subbands, each encoded with fourth-order LSP coefficients representing each of the three predictive filters, has been simulated on an IBM PC. Preliminary results indicate that output speech produced at 12 to 16 kb/s is highly intelligible and has a quality comparable to the 16 kb/s continuously variable slope delta (CVSD) method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Voice activity detection based on frequency modulation of harmonics (2013)

In this paper, we propose a voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm based on spectro-temporal modulation structures of input sounds. A multi-resolution spectro-temporal analysis framework is used to inspect prominent speech structures. By comparing with an adaptive threshold, the proposed VAD distinguishes speech from non-speech based on the energy of the frequency modulation of harmonics. Compared with three standard VADs, ITU-T G.729B, ETSI AMR1 and AMR2, our proposed VAD significantly outperforms them in non-stationary noises in terms of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the recognition rates from a practical distributed speech recognition (DSR) system.
The Interferon-Inducible Stat2:Stat1 Heterodimer Preferentially Binds <i>In Vitro</i> to a Consensus Element Found in the Promoters of a Subset of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (2001)

Regulated expression of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISG) requires the binding of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) complexes to enhancer elements located in the ISG promoters. These enhancer elements include the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and the palindromic IFN-gamma activation site (GAS) element. Regulated expression of ISRE containing ISG depends on IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a heterodimer involving Stat1 and Stat2 in association with a DNA-binding adapter protein, p48/IFN regulatory factor-9 (IRF-9). Several GAS binding Stat complexes involving Stat1, Stat3, Stat4, and Stat5 have been described, but their contribution to GAS-dependent ISG expression remains to be established. We and others previously identified an IFN-alpha-inducible Stat2:1 heterodimer that exhibits binding to the GAS element of the IRF-1 gene. These previous studies raise the possibility that Stat2:1 may participate in the transcriptional activation of the subset of ISG containing GAS elements. To address this question, we performed a PCR-assisted binding site selection procedure to define the Stat2:1 recognition sequence. The data reveal that Stat2:1 preferentially binds to a palindromic sequence similar to the consensus GAS element found in the promoter of several ISG. Our results establish that in addition to the classic complex formation involving Stat2, Stat1, and p48 associations, Stat2:1 heterodimers are formed in response to IFN treatment that may play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of certain ISG.
Chelation of chitosan derivatives with zinc ions. I.O,N-carboxymethyl chitosan (2000)

The chelation between O,N-carboxymethyl chitosan (ONCMCh) and zinc sulfate in aqueous solution was studied by kinetic experiments and characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and UV spectrophotometry. The experimental data indicated that the chelating processes were greatly controlled by the reaction conditions (i.e., reaction time, temperature, and Zn2+ ionic and ligand concentrations). The consequence of chelating Zn2+ onto ONCMCh was the formation of complexes with different solubilities. The favorable complexes for ONCMCh-Zn2+ chelate were at the low zinc ionic and ligand concentrations, as well as at the appropriate temperature. The evidence provided by the kinetic parameters and the changes in zinc concentration by ICP analysis further confirmed the plausible complexing mechanisms. While the formation of water-soluble products was occasioned by the electrostatic attraction mechanism, the water-insoluble products were predominantly formed by chelation of Zn2+ with O,N-carboxymethyl chitosan. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2246–2253, 2000
On the behaviour of reduced complexity code-excited linear prediction (CELP) (2005)

In this paper, we propose a simplification of the model introduced by B.S. Atal and M.R. Schroeder for a code-excited linear predictor. Our scheme is based on a two-step search of the optimum code-word. In the first step, a sub-set in the code-book is selected by using a simple distance measure and taking into account the selections already made for the previous frames of speech. In the second step, the original model of Atal and Schroeder, including perceptual weighting, is applied to the sub-set in order to make the final selection of the optimum code-word. The proposed scheme reduces the computational load involved in the original one, and our preliminar results indicate that the quality of the synthetic speech is fairly good.
Synthesis of fluorescent labeled derivatives of aminopropylpyrimidines (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of fluorescent labeled derivatives of aminopropylpyrimidinesWilliam A. Summers, J. Y. Lee, and J. G. BurrCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 11, 1559–1561Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00899a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00899a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methods (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988High‐resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methodsAuthors: Biondo BiondiClement KostovBiondo BiondiStanford University and Clement KostovStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892392 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892392FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByA note on the effects of narrow-band and stationary signal model assumptions on the covariance matrix of sensor-array data vectorsIEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 39, No. 2 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Biondo Biondi and Clement Kostov, (1988), "High‐resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methods," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 890-893. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892392 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Synthese und pharmakologische Prüfung von Pyridin‐Analoga des Fentanyls (1978)

Abstract Es wurden Pyridin‐Analoga vom Fentanyl‐Typ synthetisiert und im hot‐plate‐Test auf analgetische und am Kaninchen auf atemdepressive Wirkung geprüft.
All-optical header processing using an injection-locked Fabry-Pérot laser diode (2005)

Simultaneous all-optical header processing and control-packet switching are demonstrated by using multiwavelength injection-locking in a single Fabry–Pérot laser diode. A special two-level control packet is used to process the header of the data packet at 5 Gb/s. The entire control packet is all optically switched ON or OFF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 342–345, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20629
Domain studies in single-crystal ferrite MIG heads with image-enhanced, wide-field, Kerr microscopy (1992)

Ferrite metal-in-gap (MIG) heads are being extended beyond audio/video to digital storage applications. Pulse distortions and inabilities sometimes observed in read-after-write cycles, can become pronounced with diminished track-widths. When a similar situation arose in thin film heads, magnetic domain instabilities were shown to be responsible through extensive studies, including Kerr-effect microscopy observations. Scanning Kerr microscopy has been used on ferrite MIG heads to evaluate leakage flux from a secondary air gap caused by the ferrite/Sendust interface. As a consequence, this leakage problem has now be minimized with improvements in the processing methods. However, other read-back distortions may still occur and persist even in single-crystal ferrite MIG heads. From a micromagnetic point of view, pulse distortions can be related to the domains, particularly in the critical region close to the media and to the pole tips. This is because the resulting distribution of local permeabilities can cause the air-flux return there to be inhomogeneous. A strong influence of processing conditions on domain complexity is to be expected. Yet little work has been reported investigating possible connections between pulse distortions and the domain configurations themselves. This may be due in part to the Kerr effect being quite small in ferrite, providing domain contrast several times weaker even than in permalloy. None the less, we obtain suitable images to study the new single-crystal MnZn-ferrite MIG heads and show domain orientations and responses depending on surface treatments, geometry, and magnetic history.
Synthesis of trimethoxy- or triethoxysilane-endcapped polylactones via a bismuth(III)hexanoate-catalyzed one-pot-procedure (2006)

It was shown that bismuth(III)hexanoate (Bi(OHex)3) efficiently and selectively catalyzes the addition of tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEG) onto the isocyanate group of 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane, IPTES. delta-Valerolactone (deltaVL), epsilon-caprolactone (epsilonCL) and D,L-lactide were polymerized by initiation with TEG/Bi(OHex)3. The resulting telechelic polyesters were in situ functionalized with IPTES or with 3-isocyanatopropyl trimethoxysilane, IPTMS. Using pentaerythritol as co-initiator of Bi(OHex)3 and epsilonCL as monomer, star-shaped polylactones having triethylsilyl end-groups were synthesized in a one-pot-procedure. All functionalized polyesters were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Bi(OHex)3 is a remarkable initiator and catalyst, because of its extraordinary low toxicity.
<title>Recent developments in document image watermarking and data hiding</title> (2001)

With the proliferation of digital media such as images, audio, and video, robust digital watermarking and data hiding techniques are needed for copyright protection, copy control, annotation, and authentication. While many techniques have been proposed for digital color and grayscale images, not all of them can be directly applied to binary document images. The difficulty lies in the fact that changing pixel values in a binary document could introduce irregularities that are very visually noticeable. Over the last few years, we have seen a growing but limited number of papers proposing new techniques and ideas for document image watermarking and data hiding. In this paper, we present an overview and summary of recent developments on this important topic, and discuss important issues such as robustness and data hiding capacity of the different techniques.
Reaction of B-alkyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with .alpha.-bromo ketones under the influence of potassium tert-butoxide. A convenient procedure for the .alpha.-alkylation of ketones (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of B-alkyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with .alpha.-bromo ketones under the influence of potassium tert-butoxide. A convenient procedure for the .alpha.-alkylation of ketonesHerbert Charles Brown, Milorad M. Rogic, Hirohiko Nambu, and Michael W. RathkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 8, 2147–2149Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01036a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01036a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An interactive microcomputer-based kiosk providing energy efficient building design information (1990)

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), with support from Southern California Edison (SCE), a major utility in the Los Angeles area, has developed a prototype electronic interactive Energy Information Kiosk: a personal computer with touch screen provides information linked to video images stored on an optical disc. The kiosk uses text, graphics, animation, sound, and video to communicate effectively. This project's goals were: to demonstrate SCE's commitment to provide relevant, useful energy services to its customers; to highlight specific incentive programs; to provide users with contacts to people and resource materials at SCE; and most importantly, to provide technical guidance for building design professionals who want to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. 4 refs., 8 figs.
PClines &#x2014; Line detection using parallel coordinates (2011)

Detection of lines in raster images is often performed using Hough transform. This paper presents a new parameterization of lines and a modification of the Hough transform–PClines. PClines are based on parallel coordinates, a coordinate system used mostly or solely for high-dimensional data visualization. The PClines algorithm is described in the paper; its accuracy is evaluated numerically and compared to the commonly used line detectors based on the Hough transform. The results show that PClines outperform the existing approaches in terms of accuracy. Besides, PClines are computationally extremely efficient, require no floating-point operations, and can be easily accelerated by different hardware architectures.