gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of an RNA Polymerase II Transcript Release Factor from Drosophila (1996)

Factor 2 was previously identified in Drosophila Kc cell nuclear extract (KcN) as an activity suppressing the appearance of long transcripts (Price, D. H., Sluder, A. E., and Greenleaf, A. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3244-3255). A 154-kDa protein with factor 2 activity was purified to apparent homogeneity from KcN. An immobilized template assay indicated that factor 2 caused the release of transcripts by RNA polymerase II in an ATP-dependent manner. Some early elongation complexes were resistant to factor 2 action but became sensitive after treatment with 1 M KCl. In the absence of factor 2, transcription complexes still exhibited a low degree of processivity suggesting that factor 2 was only partially responsible for abortive elongation.
The 25th anniversary of catalytic chain transfer (2000)

The transfer of hydrogen from a free radical to an olefin is catalyzed by some cobalt chelates. This reaction, when used in free-radical polymerization, can be called catalytic chain transfer (CCT) to a monomer. It allows the manufacture of oligomers that have defined molecular weights and are useful for a variety of applications. Because all the oligomers are getting terminal double bonds, they can behave as macromers. These macromers give rise to the formation of diblock and graft copolymers, telechelic polymers that have the same or different functional groups depending on the conditions and origins of the comonomers. The catalyst structure–property relation is discussed. Redox properties affect the CCT and provide additional leverage in controlling polymerization processes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1753–1766, 2000
DCT quantization noise in compressed images (2005)

In lossy image compression schemes utilizing the discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization of the DCT coefficients introduces error in the image representation and a loss of signal information. At high compression ratios, this introduced error produces visually undesirable compression artifacts that can dramatically lower the perceived quality of a particular image. This paper provides a spatial domain model of the quantization error based on a statistical noise model of the error introduced when quantizing the DCT coefficients. The resulting theoretically derived spatial domain quantization noise model shows that in general the compression noise in the spatial domain is both correlated and spatially varying. This provides some justification to many of the ad hoc artifact removal filters that have been proposed. More importantly, the proposed noise model can be incorporated in a post-processing algorithm that correctly incorporates the spatial correction of the quantizer error. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Lake Restoration: Medical Lake, Washington (1981)

ABSTRACT For several decades the thick algal scums and offensive odors of Medical Lake have limited its use. High phosphorus levels, resulting from internal cycling of the nutrient, were responsible for the excessive algal growth. Disruption of the cycle was achieved by whole-lake applications of aluminum sulfate. The treatment significantly reduced phosphorus levels, eliminated nuisance blooms and enhanced water clarity.
A Mashup-Based Strategy for Migration to Service-Oriented Computing (2007)

Service-Oriented Computing holds great promises to realize the vision of on-demand services available anytime and anywhere. It is still not clear, however, when and how the existing systems will benefit from this new wave. The problem is particularly acute for the software embedded in myriad devices. This work charts a roadmap for migration of legacy software to pervasive service-oriented computing. A key idea is to achieve integration even at the presentation layer, not only at backend layers like application or data. This requires re-inventing the popular mashup technology for the enterprise level. Domain-Specific-Kits, which has been originally introduced within the context of software factory automation, has been reshaped as another enabling technology towards migrating to the service harmonization platform.
Spread of the pandemic Zika virus lineage is associated with NS1 codon usage adaptation in humans (2015)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections were more common in the zoonotic cycle until the end of the 20th century with few human cases in Africa and Southeastern Asia. Recently, the Asian lineage of ZIKV is spreading along human-to-human chains of transmission in the Pacific Islands and in South America. To better understand its recent urban expansion, we compared genetic differences among the lineages. Herein we show that the recent Asian lineage spread is associated with significant NS1 codon usage adaptation to human housekeeping genes, which could facilitate viral replication and increase viral titers. These findings were supported by a significant correlation with growth in Malthusian fitness. Furthermore, we predicted several epitopes in the NS1 protein that are shared between ZIKV and Dengue. Our results imply in a significant dependence of the recent human ZIKV spread on NS1 translational selection.
A market-based multi-agent-system for decentralized power and grid control (2011)

Due to an increasingly decentralized fashion of electricity generation from fluctuating, renewable energy sources, new control concepts have to be found to manage a multitude of distributed energy conversion plants and to minimize the amount of power reserve needed. The basic implementation of the `DEcentralized MArket Based POwer Control System' (DEMAPOS) presented in this article applies a market-based, decentralized control of generators and consumers of electrical energy. The control as well as a power system simulation needed for system testing were designed, implemented and validated. The developed, agent-based control communicates via web services with the power system simulation which relies on real-world data. Results from various test runs demonstrate the huge potential of this control strategy.
Enterorhabdus caecimuris sp. nov., a member of the family Coriobacteriaceae isolated from a mouse model of spontaneous colitis, and emended description of the genus Enterorhabdus Clavel et al. 2009 (2009)

The C3H/HeJBir mouse model of intestinal inflammation was used for isolation of a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (B7 T ) from caecal suspensions. On the basis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B7 T was a member of the class Actinobacteria , family Coriobacteriaceae , and was related closely to Enterorhabdus mucosicola Mt1B8 T (97.6 %). The major fatty acid of strain B7 T was C 16 : 0 (19.1 %) and the respiratory quinones were mono- and dimethylated. Cells were aerotolerant, but grew only under anoxic conditions. Strain B7 T did not convert the isoflavone daidzein and was resistant to cefotaxime. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and additional physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain B7 T from the type strain of E. mucosicola . Therefore, strain B7 T represents a novel species, for which the name Enterorhabdus caecimuris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B7 T (=DSM 21839 T =CCUG 56815 T ).
Vascular endothelial growth factor in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to disease activity, systemic organ manifestation, and nailfold capillaroscopic abnormalities (2007)

Our data suggest that VEGF serum level may be a useful marker of disease activity and internal organ involvement in SLE patients. Abnormalities in nailfold capillaroscopy may reflect the extent of microvascular involvement and are associated with systemic manifestation in SLE.
Tracking Human Pose by Tracking Symmetric Parts (2013)

The human body is structurally symmetric. Tracking by detection approaches for human pose suffer from double counting, where the same image evidence is used to explain two separate but symmetric parts, such as the left and right feet. Double counting, if left unaddressed can critically affect subsequent processes, such as action recognition, affordance estimation, and pose reconstruction. In this work, we present an occlusion aware algorithm for tracking human pose in an image sequence, that addresses the problem of double counting. Our key insight is that tracking human pose can be cast as a multi-target tracking problem where the ”targets” are related by an underlying articulated structure. The human body is modeled as a combination of singleton parts (such as the head and neck) and symmetric pairs of parts (such as the shoulders, knees, and feet). Symmetric body parts are jointly tracked with mutual exclusion constraints to prevent double counting by reasoning about occlusion. We evaluate our algorithm on an outdoor dataset with natural background clutter, a standard indoor dataset (HumanEva-I), and compare against a state of the art pose estimation algorithm.
Fab-Independent Antiadhesion Effects of Secretory Immunoglobulin A on S-Fimbriated<i>Escherichia coli</i>Are Mediated by Sialyloligosaccharides (1998)

S-fimbriated Escherichia coli strains cause sepsis and meningitis in newborns and are known to recognize the carbohydrate sequence sialyl-(alpha2-3)-galactoside. We show that adhesion of cloned S-fimbriated E. coli to human epithelial cells is inhibited Fab independently by sialyloligosaccharides on secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). This indicates an anti-infective function of s-IgA (Fc), particularly in early human milk.
Polyglyceryl amines as surfactants I: Symmetrical polyglyceryl amines and aqueous solution properties (1999)

Abstract The synthesis and aqueous micellar properties of three series of homologous symmetrical polyglyceryl alkyl amines are described. They are synthesized from nucleophilic opening of the appropriate oxirane in nearly quantitative yields. Surface tension measurements indicate that these molecules have wide‐ranging amphiphilic properties. Surface tension curves show that diglyceryl amines have a different behavior from the tetra (TGA) and octa (OGA) glyceryl amines. They appear more hydrophilic although they contain fewer hydroxy groups. Moreover, only TGA and OGA show a relation between alkyl chain number and the surface tension at the critical micelle concentration, which is attributed to the polar‐head structural differences.
3-D Liquid Crystal Displays and Their Applications (2006)

Three-dimensional (3-D) data is regularly used to create 3-D images that are rendered onto a plane and shown on a two-dimensional (2-D) display. Stereoscopic displays are becoming more widespread and are currently available at consumer level prices. With these displays it is possible to see images with a high-quality perception of depth and with a greater sense of realism. It is an exciting time in the 3-D displays market as the current generation of 3-D display technologies continues to develop. A number of technologies for 3-D displays have existed for some time, many of which are based on liquid crystal displays (LCDs). LCDs combined with the parallax barrier method have a number of advantages in terms of cost, ease of manufacture, size, weight,and most importantly the ability to switch from 2-D to 3-D mode. Several consumer products are available based on this type of display. Applications such as entertainment, scientific visualization, advertising, and education benefit greatly from the improved realism offered by stereoscopic displays. There are many challenges to creating suitable images for 3-D displays; some have been solved and others are receiving attention. In order to build the 3-D display market, industry will need to tackle all of them in order to support the content creators and provide the features and ease of use that end users require. The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the core 3-D display technologies, bring together a number of important considerations for content creation and discuss some of the applications that have a strong benefit from using 3-D images on a 3-D display.
Rapid service creation using the JUNOS SDK (2009)

The creation of services on IP networks is a lengthy process. The development time is further increased if this involves the equipment manufacturer adding third-party technology in their product. In this work we describe how the JUNOS SDK (part of Juniper Networks Partner Solution Development Platform) facilitates innovation and can be used to considerably shorten the development cycle for the creation of services based on embedding third-party software into Juniper Networks routers. We describe how the JUNOS SDK exposes programmatic interfaces to enable packet manipulation by third-party software and how it can be used as a common platform for deploying unique services through the combination of multiple components from multiple parties.
Continuously Operating He3 Refrigerator for Producing Temperatures down to ¼°K (1961)

A continuously acting, portable, He3 refrigerator is described. The He3 is recirculated in a system that operates without mechanical pumps. The throttling of the returning liquid is accomplished by means of a porous plug. Good regulation is obtained by using a system that allows the pressure across the porous plug to vary with the circulation rate. The lowest temperature reached while circulating is 0.26°K at zero ``external'' heat input, and 0.40°K at 2mw.
Inhibition of surfactant function by copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (1997)

The efficacy of antioxidant enzymes to limit oxidant lung injury by instillation with surfactant mixtures in preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease is under investigation. However, there is concern that instillation of proteins in the alveolar space may inactivate pulmonary surfactant. We studied the effects of bovine copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) on the biophysical properties of two distinct surfactant preparations. Incubation of calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE, 1 mg phospholipid/ml) and Exosurf (0.1 mg phospholipid/ml) with CuZn-SOD (1-10 mg/ml) prevented the fall of surface tension at minimal bubble radius (Tmin) to low values with dynamic compression in a pulsating bubble surfactometer. CuZn-SOD also enhanced the sensitivity to inactivation by albumin, normal human serum, and after treatment with peroxynitrite. The inhibitory effects of CuZn-SOD on CLSE, but not Exosurf, were abolished at high lipid concentrations (3 mg/ml) and after the addition of human surfactant protein A (by weight). We conclude that CuZn-SOD may interfere with the surface activity of surfactant mixtures, leading to decreased effectiveness of surfactant replacement therapy.
Structure, Electronic Structure, Optical, and Dehydrogenation Catalytic Study of (Zn<sub>1−<i>z</i></sub>In<sub><i>z</i></sub>)(O<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>x</i></sub>) Solid Solution (2009)

Indium and nitrogen codoping in ZnO leads to a solid solution of InN in ZnO with a composition of (Zn1−zInz)(O1−xNx). A simple solution combustion method has been adopted to prepare the above materials in less than 10 min with metal nitrates as the metal ion source and urea as fuel. With reference to ZnO, significant increase in lattice parameters was observed with increasing In-content. However, the In2O3 phase was observed along with InN for In content ≥10%. Optical absorption extended into the visible region, at least up to 550 nm, demonstrates an effective reduction of optical band gap due to the formation of solid solution. A new feature observed just above O 2p valence band in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests the creation of N 2p states from InN; the N 1s core level XPS result too confirms nitride contribution. Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry results show direct In−N, Zn−N, and In−N−Zn fragments in (Zn1−zInz)(O1−xNx). Catalytic activity explored for oxidation of 2-butanol to ethyl methyl ketone demonstrates a high selectivity at 350 and 400 °C. All of the above characteristics suggest the multifunctional nature of (Zn1−zInz)(O1−xNx) and its potential for other applications.
H∞ robust controller for self-tuning control applications Part 2. Self-tuning and robustness (1987)

A relatively simpleH∞ control law was defined in Part I (Grimble 1987). If a polynomial involving the cost-weights is strictly Hurwitz the control law simplifies even more. This is the situation which is exploited in the non- H∞, generalized minimum-variance control law found in most of the existing self-tuning control schemes. In systems having a unit time-delay the calculations for the H∞ controller become trivial. The cost-weights may be chosen to place some of the poles of the closed-loop system in desired locations if pole placement is required. The self-tuning algorithm presented is very similar to the indirect self-tuners based on LQG control laws. The choice of the cost-weights to improve the disturbance rejection and stability robustness properties of the design is discussed and the conditions when LQG and H∞controllers give a similar performance are established.
Optical wave propagation in form-birefringent media and waveguides (1983)

Characteristics of a periodic structure waveguide with a finite width are studied theoretically and numerically. Propagation constants of two orthogonally polarized fundamental modes converge to values which are different from each other, when the total periodic structure width exceeds twice the wavelength. The asymptotic characteristic equation is derived analytically. The normalized frequency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> of the high-index layers must be less than unity in order that the optical energy does not localize in the high-index layers. Both the magnitude of the birefringence and the effective refractive index in the form-birefringent media can be controlled by varying the thickness of the high-index layer and the thickness ratio of the high- and low-index materials.
Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses (2018)

The nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ or RORc) is a key transcription factor for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Recently, small molecule inhibitors of RORc drew the enormous attention of the research community worldwide as a possible therapy for autoimmune diseases, mediated by the IL-17 cytokine. With the clinical proof-of-concept inferred from a small molecule inhibitor VTP-43742 for psoriasis and recent inflow of several RORc inhibitors into the clinic for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune diseases, this field continues to evolve. This review briefly summarizes the RORc inhibitors disclosed in the literature and discusses the progress made by these inhibitors in combating autoimmune diseases.
A Novel Separation Method for Plastic of Discarded Appliance Including Black Plastic by Using Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

Plastics have been used in various applications. The amount of domestic production in 2009 was 1.1 Mt. These days, mechanical recycling for the plastic is required, but one of the biggest problems of this method is how to separate black plastics. Black plastics contain carbon black as a colorant, which make them difficult to be identified by infrared adsorption (IR) spectroscopy. Thus, in this study, we are putting forward Raman spectroscopy for separating plastics (including black plastics) from the discarded appliances. There are reports which indicate that PP, PS, and ABS represent 70–80% of the discarded plastics. Each of them has its own characteristic peaks in Raman spectrum. In case of PP black plastics, nearly 100% of the feed can be identified, however, PS is difficult to be identified when carbon black content is about 3%. ABS of the discarded appliances was not identified. Finally, other fillers such as bromine flame retardants and calcium volume expander did not have any effect on Raman spectrum. In addition, we run some experiments for separating the discarded plastics by means of combining Raman identification with triboelectric separation. In Raman identification, the longer we exposure, the more amount of recovery we got, but grade was the highest in 1.0 s exposure, and it was over 95%. In triboelectric separation, however, the grade of ABS and PS were about 70%.
Design alternatives for parallel saturating multioperand adders (2002)

Parallel saturating multioperand adders significantly improve the performance of global system for mobile (GSM) speech coders by giving compilers and assembly language programmers the ability to parallelize loops containing saturating dot products, while maintaining GSM compliant results. This paper presents four designs for parallel saturating multioperand adders. These designs have at most one carry-propagate adder on their critical delay path, yet produce the same results that would be obtained if the additions were performed serially with saturation after each addition. The four parallel designs offer tradeoffs in terms of area, worst case delay, and dot product latency. Compared to a 5-input serial design, the 5-input parallel designs have delays up to 3.51 times shorter.
A complete digital radio-frequency source for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2002)

A complete digital radio-frequency source suitable for broadband nuclear magnetic resonance applications is described. The use of a complete direct digital synthesis chip makes the design not only as a frequency- and phase-continuous tunable radio-frequency source, but also as an arbitrary wave form generator. This rf source is capable of generating a signal with frequency from dc up to 135 MHz directly. The whole design is mounted on a printed circuit board that can be inserted into one of the industry standard architecture slots in the personal computer and is controlled by the software. Details about the implementation and characteristics of the whole design are discussed in this article.
Stimulation of the toll-like receptor 3 promotes metabolic reprogramming in head and neck carcinoma cells (2016)

In this study, a possible link between the innate immune recognition receptor TLR3 and metabolic reprogramming in Head and Neck carcinoma (HNC) cells was investigated. The effects of TLR3 stimulation/knock-down were assessed under several culture conditions in 4 HNC cell-lines by cell growth assays, targeted metabolomics, and glycolysis assays based on time-resolved analysis of proton release (Seahorse analyzer). The stimulation of TLR3 by its synthetic agonist Poly(A:U) resulted in a faster growth of HNC cells under low foetal calf serum conditions. Targeted analysis of glucose metabolism pathways demonstrated a tendency towards a shift from tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to glycolysis and anabolic reactions in cells treated with Poly(A:U). Glycolysis assays confirmed that TLR3 stimulation enhanced the capacity of malignant cells to switch from oxidative phosphorylation to extra-mitochondrial glycolysis. We found evidence that HIF-1α is involved in this process: addition of the TLR3 agonist resulted in a higher cell concentration of the HIF-1α protein, even in normoxia, whereas knocking-down TLR3 resulted in a lower concentration, even in hypoxia. Finally, we assessed TLR3 expression by immunohistochemistry in a series of 7 HNSCC specimens and found that TLR3 was detected at higher levels in tumors displaying a hypoxic staining pattern. Overall, our results demonstrate that TLR3 stimulation induces the Warburg effect in HNC cells in vitro, and suggest that TLR3 may play a role in tumor adaptation to hypoxia.