gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to non-MHC antigens during lethal graft-versus-host reaction (1992)

A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) to non-MHC Ag was detected during a lethal graft-vs-host reaction (GVH) induced by incompatibility for non-MHC Ag alone. In this model, when appropriate doses of B10.D2 bone marrow and lymphoid cells are grafted to irradiated (DBA/2 x B10.D2)F1 recipients, the ensuing GVH, directed against those DBA/2 non-MHC Ag absent from the B10.D2 background, results in virtually 100% mortality in less than 3 mo; donor alloimmunization against the host histocompatibility Ag considerably reduces mortality, and survival rates of 80 to 100% are common. The experiments reported here show that: 1) the cell responsible for DTH induction expresses the CD4+ CD8- phenotype; 2) CD4+ cells likewise seem to play a predominant role in the pathology of lethal GVH in this genetic combination; 3) the alloimmunization protocol that abrogates mortality also abolishes GVH-associated DTH; and 4) this suppressive effect, as shown elsewhere for the protection against mortality, is mediated by CD4- CD8- "double negative" Thy-1+ CD3+ T suppressor cells. Thus, there is a good parallel between lethal GVH and its associated DTH as concerns both induction and suppression of the two phenomena, suggesting that mortality and DTH may represent different manifestations of a common underlying mechanism. Initiation of the effector phase of DTH in the adoptive transfer model seems to be dependent on the presence of a Thy-1+ double-negative cell in the transfer inoculum; the possible relationship of this double-negative cell to the Th-1-type CD4+ DTH-mediating cell recently shown to induce lethal GVH is discussed.
Trehalose-Enhanced Isolation of Neuronal Sub-Types from Adult Mouse Brain (2012)

Efficient isolation of specific, intact, living neurons from the adult brain is problematic due to the complex nature of the extracellular matrix consolidating the neuronal network. Here, we present significant improvements to the protocol for isolation of pure populations of neurons from mature postnatal mouse brain using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The 10-fold increase in cell yield enables cell-specific transcriptome analysis by protocols such as nanoCAGE and RNA seq.
Ciliate parasites and related diseases of crustacea: A review (1995)

Abstract The phylum Ciliophora is composed of a large number (>7000; Sleigh, 1989) of organisms characterized by the possession of two key features: nuclear dualism and an infraciliature. These two characteristics and the ability of ciliates to exploit their environment have resulted in a taxon composed of organisms with extreme morphological diversity. Macroorganisms, as well as other microorganisms that share the same environment, will likely be impacted by members of this taxon. The external surfaces of Crustacea provide for a wide array of microenvironments that attract the settlement and growth of algae, bacteria, fungi, and numerous types of protists, including sessile (e.g., cyrtophorids) and sedentary ciliates (e.g., chonotrichs, suctorians, some peritrichs). This “forest”; in turn attracts ciliates with predatory or browsing feeding tendencies (e.g., pleurostomes). Other ciliates have evolved to exploit the temporary presence of host body fluids released or lost during molting (e.g., apostomes). Still other ciliates actively invade crustacean tissues (e.g., other apostomes) or enter through wounds in the exoskeleton (e.g., philasterine scuticociliates). This article reviews the status of ciliate/crustacean relationships by presenting information on the prevalence and distribution of ciliates on crustaceans and the effects that ciliates may have on their hosts.
Meaning in Visual Search (1975)

Viewers briefly glimpsed pictures presented in a sequence at rates up to eight per second. They recognized a target picture as accurately and almost as rapidly when they knew only its meaning given by a name (for example, a boat) as when they had seen the picture itself in advance.
Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against spike protein of human coronavirus: an in silico approach (2014)

Human coronavirus (HCoV), a member of Coronaviridae family, is the causative agent of upper respiratory tract infections and "atypical pneumonia". Despite severe epidemic outbreaks on several occasions and lack of antiviral drug, not much progress has been made with regard to an epitope-based vaccine designed for HCoV. In this study, a computational approach was adopted to identify a multiepitope vaccine candidate against this virus that could be suitable to trigger a significant immune response. Sequences of the spike proteins were collected from a protein database and analyzed with an in silico tool, to identify the most immunogenic protein. Both T cell immunity and B cell immunity were checked for the peptides to ensure that they had the capacity to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The peptide sequence from 88-94 amino acids and the sequence KSSTGFVYF were found as the most potential B cell and T cell epitopes, respectively. Furthermore, conservancy analysis was also done using in silico tools and showed a conservancy of 64.29% for all epitopes. The peptide sequence could interact with as many as 16 human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and showed high cumulative population coverage, ranging from 75.68% to 90.73%. The epitope was further tested for binding against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques, to verify the binding cleft epitope interaction. The allergenicity of the epitopes was also evaluated. This computational study of design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against HCoVs allows us to determine novel peptide antigen targets in spike proteins on intuitive grounds, albeit the preliminary results thereof require validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Chabazite and Chabazite‐Like Zeolites of Unusual Composition. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Type-II band alignment between GaAs and inadvertent interlayers at (In,Ga)P/GaAs interfaces (2002)

Capacitance–voltage measurements on metal–semiconductor contacts are used to examine vertical depth profiles of the electron concentration in n-type (In,Ga)P/GaAs heterostructures. The electron distributions at single interfaces are compared with calculations based on solutions of the Schrödinger–Poisson equations. It is shown that distinct interlayers may form at both the (In,Ga)P-on-GaAs and the GaAs-on-(In,Ga)P interfaces. The inadvertent interlayers are identified by their conduction band offsets. Under certain growth conditions, the band alignment between GaAs and the interlayers is determined to be of type II.
Detail Process Charting: Speaking the Language of Process (2004)

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction Why Should We Chart Our Processes? Methodology Overview. Chapter 2. Who is Involved in Process Improvement. Executive Oversight Team. Process Improvement Group. Process Improvement Projects. Project Ownership: Transferring Responsibility. Chapter 3. Defining a Process Improvement Project. Select a Process to Study. Secure the Approval and Support of the Process Owner. State the Process and its Purpose. Identify the Type of Project. Establish Objectives. Define the Scope. Identify the Project Team Members. Chapter 4. Gathering the Facts... Set the Stage. Collect the Facts at the Work Area. Interview Experienced Employees. Be Genuine. Capture the Facts. Level of Detail. Organize the Facts with a Process Flow Chart. Chapter 5. Process Chart Format. Process Charts Flow Left to Right. Every Item is Charted as a Separate Flow Line. Process Charts Show the Interrelated Flows of Many Items. Every Item is Labeled. Actions and Nonaction Steps Are Indicated by Symbols Laid Out in Sequence. Along Each Flow Line. Correction and Rejection Routines Are Shown with Dotted Lines. Fundamental Nature of the Process Chart Format. Chapter 6. Process Chart Building Blocks. Symbols: The Actions. Conventions: Connecting the Symbols. Words: Making the Charts Talk. Chapter 7. Charting Business Processes. Paying for Gas with a Credit Card. Charting an Online Auction Bid. Purchase Requisition. Processing Police Officer Overtime. Special Situations. Chapter 8. Using Process Charts. Improving Processes with Projects. Building a Process Library. Continuous Improvement. Training. Library and Control. Transparency. Regulatory Requirements such as Sarbanes-Oxley. Certification such as ISO. Helping the Audit. Establishing a Culture of Mastery. Mastery. Chapter 9. Process Chart Stories. Allen Back. Merle Laird. Bill Roach. Hector Pina. Sharon Cunningham. Todd Rigby. Valerie Rausch. Ben S. Graham, Jr. Chapter 10. Summary. Define a Project. Capture the Facts. Prepare an As-Is Chart. Getting the Team Members Involved. Build a Library of Process Charts. Use the Charts. Chapter 11. Conclusion. Index.
On Regression Methods for Virtual Metrology in Semiconductor Manufacturing (2014)

Virtual metrology (VM) aims to predict metrology values using sensor data from production equipment and physical metrology values of preceding samples. VM is a promising technology for the semiconductor manufacturing industry as it can reduce the frequency of in-line metrology operations and provide supportive information for other operations such as fault detection, predictive maintenance and run-to-run control. The prediction models for VM can be from a large variety of linear and nonlinear regression methods and the selection of a proper regression method for a specific VM problem is not straightforward, especially when the candidate predictor set is of high dimension, correlated and noisy. Using process data from a benchmark semiconductor manufacturing process, this paper evaluates the performance of four typical regression methods for VM: multiple linear regression (MLR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), neural networks (NN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). It is observed that GPR performs the best among the four methods and that, remarkably, the performance of linear regression approaches that of GPR as the subset of selected input variables is increased. The observed competitiveness of high-dimensional linear regression models, which does not hold true in general, is explained in the context of extreme learning machines and functional link neural networks.
Plasticity and Fracture in Drying Colloidal Films (2013)

Cracks in drying colloidal dispersions are typically modeled by elastic fracture mechanics, which assumes that all strains are linear, elastic, and reversible. We tested this assumption in films of a hard latex, by intermittently blocking evaporation over a drying film, thereby relieving the film stress. Here we show that although the deformation around a crack tip has some features of brittle fracture, only 20%--30% of the crack opening is relieved when it is unloaded. Atomic force micrographs of crack tips also show evidence of plastic deformation, such as microcracks and particle rearrangement. Finally, we present a simple scaling argument showing that the yield stress of a drying colloidal film is generally comparable to its maximum capillary pressure, and thus that the plastic strain around a crack will normally be significant. This also suggests that a film's fracture toughness may be increased by decreasing the interparticle adhesion.
Light-field and holographic three-dimensional displays [Invited] (2016)

A perfect three-dimensional (3D) display that satisfies all depth cues in human vision is possible if a light field can be reproduced exactly as it appeared when it emerged from a real object. The light field can be generated based on either light ray or wavefront reconstruction, with the latter known as holography. This paper first provides an overview of the advances of ray-based and wavefront-based 3D display technologies, including integral photography and holography, and the integration of those technologies with digital information systems. Hardcopy displays have already been used in some applications, whereas the electronic display of a light field is under active investigation. Next, a fundamental question in this technology field is addressed: what is the difference between ray-based and wavefront-based methods for light-field 3D displays? In considering this question, it is of particular interest to look at the technology of holographic stereograms. The phase information in holography contributes to the resolution of a reconstructed image, especially for deep 3D images. Moreover, issues facing the electronic display system of light fields are discussed, including the resolution of the spatial light modulator, the computational techniques of holography, and the speckle in holographic images.
Inverse agonist activities of <i>β</i> ‐adrenoceptor antagonists in rat myocardium (1999)

1. Negative inotropic effects of several beta-adrenoceptor (betaAR) antagonists on electrically-stimulated right atria, left atria, right ventricles and left ventricular papillary muscles from reserpine-treated rats were used as a measure of their inverse agonist activities. 2. Beta1AR antagonists acebutolol, atenolol and metoprolol, beta2AR antagonist ICI-181,551 and nonselective betaAR antagonists alprenolol, nadolol, propranolol and timolol produced negative inotropic effects, which were most marked on the right atria. 3. The nonselective betaAR antagonist pindolol did not exhibit inverse agonist activity but inhibited the negative inotropic activities of ICI-118,551, atenolol and propranolol. 4. The negative inotropic effects of lidocaine, nifedipine and pentobarbitone were similar on all the four myocardial preparations. 5. The positive inotropic efficacy of salbutamol on right and left atria but not on right ventricles and papillary muscles was comparable to that of isoprenaline. The antagonist activity of ICI-118,551 against isoprenaline was greater on right atria than on other cardiac regions. 6. Beta1AR proteins were expressed in all regions of the heart but of beta2AR were primarily localized in the right atrium. 7. It is concluded that beta2AR play a greater role in right atria than in other cardiac regions and almost all betaAR antagonists behave as inverse agonists.
Dorsal root ganglion neurons become hyperexcitable and increase expression of voltage-gated T-type calcium channels (Cav3.2) in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (2016)

Here, it is shown that paclitaxel-induced neuropathy is associated with the development of spontaneous activity (SA) and hyperexcitability in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that is paralleled by increased expression of low-voltage-activated calcium channels (T-type; Cav3.2). The percentage of DRG neurons showing SA and the overall mean rate of SA were significantly higher at day 7 in rats receiving paclitaxel treatment than in rats receiving vehicle. Cav3.2 expression was increased in L4-L6 DRG and spinal cord segments in paclitaxel-treated rats, localized to small calcitonin gene-related peptide and isolectin B4 expressing DRG neurons and to glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive spinal cord cells. Cav3.2 expression was also co-localized with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in both the DRG and the dorsal horn. T-type current amplitudes and density were increased at day 7 after paclitaxel treatment. Perfusion of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide directly activated DRG neurons, whereas this was prevented by pretreatment with the specific T-type calcium channel inhibitor ML218 hydrochloride. Paclitaxel-induced behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli in rats was prevented but not reversed by spinal administration of ML218 hydrochloride or intravenous injection of the TLR4 antagonist TAK242. Paclitaxel induced inward current and action potential discharges in cultured human DRG neurons, and this was blocked by ML218 hydrochloride pretreatment. Furthermore, ML218 hydrochloride decreased firing frequency in human DRG, where spontaneous action potentials were present. In summary, Cav3.2 in concert with TLR4 in DRG neurons appears to contribute to paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.
Ceramic substrates for thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells (1996)

For a further cost reduction of crystalline silicon solar cells thin-film silicon solar cells on cheap ceramic substrates represent a good candidate. A research and development programme on this subject has been started at ECN, comprising the development of thin, flat, ceramic substrates based on Si-compounds using the tape casting method. The first experiments have resulted in porous ceramic substrates. Si films have been grown on these substrates with the LPE method from different melts. A nearly closed Si layer has been grown from an aluminium melt. From a tin melt no closed layers have been grown, but nucleation appears to have occurred. Although the layers have not resulted in solar cells as yet, both the tape casting experiments and the growth experiments are a promising starting point for further development.
Mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy/dicyclopentadiene bisphenol cyanate ester/glass fabric composites (2008)

The impact and flexural strengths of epoxy-dicyclopentadiene bisphenol cyanate ester (EP-DCPDCE) hybrid thermoset as well as the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength of the composites consisting of the hybrid thermoset and glass fabric were studied. It is found that the addition of epoxy resin (EP-51) can improve the mechanical properties, particularly, the impact strength of DCPDCE matrix and the ILSS of glass fabric reinforced composites. The improvements of the mechanical properties were obvious when the content of EP-51 is from 15 to 30 wt%. The investigations of the interphase of composites by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirm the improvement of mechanical properties of the composites. However the addition of EP-51 has negative effects on the thermal and dielectric property of the composites.
The role of elastin and collagen in cutaneous aging: intrinsic aging versus photoexposure. (2008)

Cutaneous aging occurs through 2 biologically distinct processes: intrinsic and extrinsic aging. The first is a naturally occurring process that results from slow tissue degeneration. In human dermis, intrinsic aging is characterized by 3 features: atrophy of the dermis due to loss of collagen, degeneration in the elastic fiber network, and loss of hydration. In contrast to intrinsic aging, extrinsic aging is due to environmental factors. Since ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the principal cause of extrinsic aging, it is often referred to as photoaging. At the microscopic level, the distinguishing feature of photoaging is a massive accumulation of elastotic material in the upper and middle dermis, a process termed solar elastosis. Using recombinant DNA technology, it has become possible to demonstrate that UV radiation can activate the human elastin promoter. This provides a mechanism for enhanced elastin biosynthesis, which contributes to the clinical and morphologic changes observed in photoaged skin.
Soluble Granzymes Are Released during Human Endotoxemia and in Patients with Severe Infection Due to Gram‐Negative Bacteria (2000)

Extracellular release of granzymes is considered to reflect the involvement of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells in various disease states. To obtain insight into granzyme release during bacterial infection, granzyme levels were measured during experimental human endotoxemia and in patients with melioidosis, a severe infection due to gram-negative bacteria. Plasma concentrations of granzyme A (GrA) and GrB increased transiently after endotoxin administration, peaking after 2-6 h. In patients with bacteremic melioidosis, GrA and GrB levels were elevated on admission and remained high during the 72-h study period. In whole blood stimulated with heat-killed Burkholderia pseudomallei, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-12, or interleukin-18 inhibited granzyme secretion, which was independent of interferon-gamma. Stimulation with endotoxin and other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria also strongly induced the secretion of granzymes, suggesting that granzyme release is a general immune response during bacterial infection. The interaction between the cytokine network and granzymes may play an important immunoregulatory role during bacterial infections.
Purification of Bovine Liver Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase, the Jo-1 Antigen of Polymyositis: Size of the Whole Enzyme and its Characteristic Proteolytic Fragments (1987)

We have recently reported the marked increase in frequency which can be achieved in the detection of the anti-Jo-1 antibody of polymyositis in serum samples by replacing commercial mixtures of cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens with the purified antigen, histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The present paper describes a method for purifying this antigen and an investigation of its size. Molecular masses previously reported for the enzyme have varied from 85-154 kDa and subunit molecular masses varying from 40-77 kDa have been observed. Several of these fragments are of sizes similar to those of a number of other autoantigens commonly observed in connective tissue diseases. Since the clinical identification of these autoantigens often relies exclusively on size determination by Western blotting, we have characterized the commonly occurring fragments of histidyl-tRNA synthetase lest they confuse such identification. It is concluded that histidyl-tRNA synthetase, like many other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, is subject to severe proteolysis during extraction procedures. Several characteristic fragments (Mr = 80, 75, 61, 55, 50 and 45 kDa) result, a finding that provides a satisfactory explanation of the various values previously reported. The intact bovine enzyme is a dimer of molecular mass close to 160 kDa.
Group Performance Depends on the Majority Rule (1998)

Some group decisions require a two-thirds or three-quarters majority of the people voting; others require only a simple majority. Does the accuracy of a group's decision making depend on which majority rule is used? A signal detection theory analysis was used to answer this question. Each member of a group was presented with a noisy display of either a signal or a nonsignal, and then each member cast a yes or no vote for the existence of a signal. The group decision was determined by a majority rule of the members' votes. Normative groups and groups of 5 or 7 people exhibited the same behavior: Performance was best when the group used a simple-majority rule and decreased when the group used more stringent rules. The worst performance was produced by a unanimous rule. Some group members adopted more liberal response criteria when the majority rule was made more stringent.