gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of an operon (<i>hyp</i>) necessary for the activity of the three hydrogenase isoenzymes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The 58/59 min region of the Escherichia coli chromosome contains two divergently oriented gene clusters coding for proteins with a function in hydrogenase formation. One cluster (the hyc operon), transcribed counterclockwise with respect to the E. coli chromosome, codes for gene products with a structural role in hydrogenase 3 formation (Böhm et al., 1990). The nucleotide sequence of the divergently transcribed operon (hyp) has been determined. It contains five genes, all of which are expressed in vivo in a T7 promoter/polymerase system, and the sizes of the synthesized products correspond with those predicted from the amino acid sequence. Complementation analysis of previously characterized mutants showed that the hypB, hypC and hypD genes have a function in the formation of all three hydrogenase isoenzymes, lesions in hypB being complemented by high nickel ion concentration in the medium. Prevention of hypBCDE gene expression led to an altered electrophoretic pattern of hydrogenase 1 and 2 constituent subunits, indicating increased chemical or proteolytic subunits, Under fermentative growth conditions, operon expression was governed by an NtrA-dependent promoter lying upstream of hypA working together with an fnr gene product-dependent promoter which was localized within the hypA gene. The latter (operon-internal) promoter is responsible for hypBCDE transcription under non-fermentative conditions when the -24/-12 NtrA-dependent promoter upstream of hypA is silent.
Effect of total dose radiation on FETs fabricated in UNIBOND/sup TM/ SOI material (2002)

Fabricates NMOS FETs in UNIBOND/sup TM/ material and measures their radiation performance. The back channel threshold voltage shift was 18 V at 1 Mrad (SiO/sub 2/), thus demonstrating the suitability of this material for radiation hard device processing.
Stress and Velocity Fields in the Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids (1964)

This paper presents the mathematical theory of stress and velocity fields for the steady gravity flow of bulk solids in converging channels. The basic equations based on the concepts of soil mechanics and plasticity are presented along with the appropriate boundary conditions. A simplified stress field (called the “radial stress field” by Jenike), compatible with straight-walled converging channels, is shown by calculated and experimental evidence to approximate closely the physical stress fields occurring in the deforming portions of the solid in plane-strain and axisymmetric straight-walled converging channels.
Optimization of conditions for photochemical water cleavage. Aqueous platinum/TiO2 (anatase) dispersions under ultraviolet light (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptimization of conditions for photochemical water cleavage. Aqueous platinum/TiO2 (anatase) dispersions under ultraviolet lightJ. Kiwi and M. GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 7, 1302–1307Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150651a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j150651a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views868Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Novel Function of Escherichia coli Chaperone DnaJ (1995)

Molecular chaperones, protein-disulfide isomerases, and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerases assist protein folding in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The DnaJ protein of Escherichia coli and the DnaJ-like proteins of eukaryotes are known as molecular chaperones and specific regulators of DnaK-like proteins and are involved in protein folding and renaturation after stress. In this study we show that DnaJ, like thioredoxin, protein-disulfide isomerase, and DsbA, possesses an active dithiol/disulfide group and catalyzes protein disulfide formation (oxidative renaturation of reduced RNase), reduction (reduction of insulin disulfides), and isomerization (refolding of randomly oxidized RNase). These results suggest that, in addition to its known function as a chaperone, DnaJ might be involved in controlling the redox state of cytoplasmic, membrane, or exported proteins.
New SSBW mode in GaAs (1981)

A new surface-acoustic-wave mode on GaAs 〈111〉-cut, (110)-direction of propagation is described. This branch is found to be slightly leaky but presents a fair electromechanical coupling coefficient (0.1%) and a rather high velocity (3240 m/s). Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is reported.
Multichannel blind signal deconvolution using high order statistics (2002)

The problem of multichannel blind signal deconvolution is considered. We show that input signals can be restored (or separated) using only the condition that they are statistically independent. Two main necessary and sufficient conditions involving high order cumulants are given and proved. Hence, a class of criteria for multichannel signal deconvolution are obtained. Self adaptive gradient based algorithms are derived in order to optimize the proposed criteria and computer simulations are presented in order to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm works.
Tomotherapy: Optimized planning and delivery of radiation therapy (1995)

Abstract In contemporary radiotherapy dose optimization, radiation beams and beam modifiers are iteratively selected until the dose distribution is acceptable. Another approach, referred to as the “inverse problem,” is: Given the dose prescription, compute the optimal set of photon beams while preventing unphysical solutions such as negative beam weights, and iterate to achieve the prescription as closely as possible. This solution to this inverse problem, which uses image reconstruction mathematics, entails the delivery of large numbers of nonuniform beam intensities to produce uniform dose distributions. These dose distributions can be arranged to conform very closely to even complex target volumes, yet spare surrounding sensitive tissue. Alternatively, the dose distributions can be arranged to generously treat a regional field and “conformally avoid” overtreating sensitive volumes within the field. Multiple dose prescriptions can be delivered without additional effort. We propose that a practical way of delivering optimized dose distributions would be to intensity modulate a photon beam, using collimator leaves intersecting a slit field of radiation. Modulation is achieved by varying the time that the leaves are blocking the field. A practical geometry to deliver such a beam is a computed tomography‐like gantry configuration, which also lends itself to tomographic setup verification of dose delivered to the patient. We refer to such a delivery method as “tomotherapy.” Several types of tomotherapy simulations have been conducted. A fully three dimensional optimized treatment planning system using iterative filtered back‐projection have been developed. We will present examples of conformal plans for breast and prostate radiotherapy. We have constructed an experimental apparatus for simulating helical tomotherapy delivery by simultaneously rotating and longitudinally translating a phantom past an intensity‐modulated fan beam. A comparison between a computation and and experimentally realized plan is presented. A Monte Carlo simulation of the angular distribution and energy fluence spectrum of 10‐MV photons produced by a tungsten target have been used to estimate the optimized shape and mass of a primary shielding required to meet regulatory standards.
Reducing Honey Bee Defensive Responses and Social Wasp Colonization With Methyl Anthranilate (2009)

Human victims of a massive number of stings have been steadily increasing since the invasion of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) to the United States in 1990. Multiple honey bee stings may result in venom toxicity, leading to renal failure and even death. Here we tested the efficacy of methyl anthranilate as a honey bee repellent during a massive defensive response by Africanized honey bees. An aerosolized solution of 10% methyl anthranilate reduced the number of defensive bee hits to a retreating victim by 95% compared with a water control. One hundred fifty milliliters of the 10% methyl anthranilate solution sprayed onto stationary foam balls covered with black suede leather located 2 m from provoked Africanized colonies received 80% fewer stings than targets treated with water. Methyl anthranilate (100%) delivered through a UV blocking 3 mil polyethylene pouch was 100% effective in preventing Polistes colonization in wildlife observation huts and from the roof overhang of home patios. Although methyl anthranilate was not 100% effective in preventing honey bee stinging, it seemed to reduce number of stings below the average human LD50, indicative of a promising tool for preventing honey bee venom toxicity and wasp colonization.
Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical behavior of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets‐LLDPE nanocomposites (2009)

Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate thermal stability and dynamic mechanical behavior of Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP™)‐Linear Low‐Density Poly Ethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites with different xGnP loading content. The xGnP‐LLDPE nanocomposites were fabricated by solution and melt mixing in various screw rotating systems such as co‐, counter‐, and modified‐corotating. The storage modulus ( E ′) of the composites at the starting point of −50°C increased as xGnP contents increased. E ′ of the nanocomposite with only 7 wt% of xGnP was 2.5 times higher than that of the control LLDPE. Thermal expansion and the coefficient of thermal expansion of xGnP‐loaded composites were much lower than those of the control LLDPE in the range of 45–80°C (299.8 × 10 −6 /°C) and 85–100°C (365.3 × 10 −6 /°C). Thermal stability of the composites was also affected by xGnP dispersion in LLDPE matrix. The xGnP‐LLDPE nanocomposites by counter‐rotating screw system showed higher thermal stability than ones by co‐rotating and modified‐co‐rotating system at 5 wt% and 12 wt% of xGnP. xGnP had a great effect on high thermal stability of xGnP‐LLDPE composites to be applied as tube and film for electrical materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network: past, present, and future (2013)

The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network is a National Human Genome Research Institute-funded consortium engaged in the development of methods and best practices for using the electronic medical record as a tool for genomic research. Now in its sixth year and second funding cycle, and comprising nine research groups and a coordinating center, the network has played a major role in validating the concept that clinical data derived from electronic medical records can be used successfully for genomic research. Current work is advancing knowledge in multiple disciplines at the intersection of genomics and health-care informatics, particularly for electronic phenotyping, genome-wide association studies, genomic medicine implementation, and the ethical and regulatory issues associated with genomics research and returning results to study participants. Here, we describe the evolution, accomplishments, opportunities, and challenges of the network from its inception as a five-group consortium focused on genotype-phenotype associations for genomic discovery to its current form as a nine-group consortium pivoting toward the implementation of genomic medicine.
A Crystalline, Red Green Strategy for Meshing Highly Deformable Objects with Tetrahedra. (2003)

Motivated by Lagrangian simulation of elastic deformation, we propose a new tetrahedral mesh generation algorithm that produces both high quality elements and a mesh that is well conditioned for subsequent large deformations. We use a signed distance function defined on a Cartesian grid in order to represent the object geometry. After tiling space with a uniform lattice based on crystallography, we use the signed distance function or other user defined criteria to guide a red green mesh subdivision algorithm that results in a candidate mesh with the appropriate level of detail. Then, we carefully select the final topology so that the connectivity is suitable for large deformation and the mesh approximates the desired shape. Finally, we compress the mesh to tightly fit the object boundary using either masses and springs, the finite element method or an optimization approach to relax the positions of the nodes. The resulting mesh is well suited for simulation since it is highly structured, has robust topological connectivity in the face of large deformations, and is readily refined if deemed necessary during subsequent simulation.
Combined BRAF (Dabrafenib) and MEK Inhibition (Trametinib) in Patients With <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600</sup>-Mutant Melanoma Experiencing Progression With Single-Agent BRAF Inhibitor (2014)

Dabrafenib plus trametinib has modest clinical efficacy in patients with BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma. This regimen may be a therapeutic strategy for patients who previously benefited from BRAF inhibitor monotherapy ≥ 6 months but demonstrates minimal efficacy after rapid progression with BRAF inhibitor therapy.
The Use of Ultrasound Imaging to Demonstrate Reduced Movement of the Median Nerve during Wrist Flexion in Patients with Non-Specific Arm Pain (2001)

Following clinical screening, we examined movement of the median nerve at the wrist using high-resolution (10-22 MHz) ultrasound in 16 controls and 12 patients with non-specific arm pain (also referred to as repetitive strain injury). Imaging was performed just proximal to the carpal tunnel with the wrist in neutral, 30 degrees of extension and 30 degrees of flexion. In control subjects the position of the median nerve was 4.8 (SE=0.4) mm more radial with the wrist flexed than with the wrist extended. In the twelve arm pain patients the average change was only 1.2 (SE=0.5) mm. It appears that ultrasound imaging may be helpful in diagnosing non-specific arm pain, a condition for which there are no well-defined diagnostic tests at present. The reduced nerve movement seen with ultrasound imaging confirms previous work with magnetic resonance imaging.
A subset of <i>Arabidopsis</i> AP2 transcription factors mediates cytokinin responses in concert with a two-component pathway (2006)

The plant hormone cytokinin regulates numerous growth and developmental processes. A signal transduction pathway for cytokinin has been elucidated that is similar to bacterial two-component phosphorelays. In Arabidopsis, this pathway is comprised of receptors that are similar to sensor histidine kinases, histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators (ARRs). There are two classes of response regulators, the type-A ARRs, which act as negative regulators of cytokinin responses, and the type-B ARRs, which are transcription factors that play a positive role in mediating cytokinin-regulated gene expression. Here we show that several closely related members of the Arabidopsis AP2 gene family of unknown function are transcriptionally up-regulated by cytokinin through this pathway, and we have designated these AP2 genes CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTORS (CRFs). In addition to their transcriptional regulation by cytokinin, the CRF proteins rapidly accumulate in the nucleus in response to cytokinin, and this relocalization depends on the histidine kinases and the downstream histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, but is independent of the ARRs. Analysis of loss-of-function mutations reveals that the CRFs function redundantly to regulate the development of embryos, cotyledons, and leaves. Furthermore, the CRFs mediate a large fraction of the transcriptional response to cytokinin, affecting a set of cytokinin-responsive genes that largely overlaps with type-B ARR targets. These results indicate that the CRF proteins function in tandem with the type-B ARRs to mediate the initial cytokinin response. Thus, the evolutionarily ancient two-component system that is used by cytokinin branches to incorporate a unique family of plant-specific transcription factors.
IBM z10: The Next-Generation Mainframe Microprocessor (2008)

The IBM system z10 includes four microprocessor cores - each with a private 3-Mbyte cache - and integrated accelerators for decimal floating-point computation, cryptography, and data compression. A separate SMP hub chip provides a shared third-level cache and interconnect fabric for multiprocessor scaling. This article focuses on the high-frequency design techniques used to achieve a 4.4-GHz system, and on the pipeline design that optimizes z10's CPU performance.
Synthesis and renal excretion of technetium-99m-labeled organic cations. (1992)

Organic cations are excreted more efficiently than organic anions in uremia suggesting superiority as renal imaging agents. In this study, three 99mTc-labeled cationic cyclam complexes were synthesized and their renal clearance quantified in rats. The complexes are cleared at a rate of about 2.5-3 times that of inulin and about 60% that of p-amino-hipurate. Inhibition of 99Tc-cyclam excretion by quinine indicates transport by the organic cation process. Comparative in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that in normal rats 99mTc-cyclam reached peak renal activity 1.8 +/- 0.6 min after injection, a value intermediate between that for [131I]OIH (1.0 +/- 0) and 99mTc-MAG3 (2.8 +/- 0.6). In rats injected with the acute nephrotoxin cisplatin, the times to peak were lengthened with the relative order being 99mTc-cyclam > 99mTc-MAG3 > [131I]OIH. The results demonstrate that cationic complexes may be useful for renal imaging diagnostic applications.
Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Advanced Cancer Outpatients: A Double-Blinded Trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group (2003)

In this mix of patients with advanced cancer who had symptoms of depression as determined by a two-question bedside survey, use of fluoxetine was well tolerated, overall QOL was improved, and depressive symptoms were reduced.
Recent Developments in Low-Level Lead Exposure and Intellectual Impairment in Children (2004)

In the last decade children's blood lead levels have fallen significantly in a number of countries, and current mean levels in developed countries are in the region of 3 Mu g/dL. Despite this reduction, childhood lead poisoning continues to be a major public health problem for certain at-risk groups of children, and concerns remain over the effects of lead on intellectual development in infants and children. The evidence for lowered cognitive ability in children exposed to lead has come largely from prospective epidemiologic studies. The current World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention blood level of concern reflects this and stands at 10 Mu g/dL. However, a recent study on a cohort of children whose lifetime peak blood levels were consistently less than 10 Mu g/dL has extended the association of blood lead and intellectual impairment to lower levels of lead exposure and suggests there is no safety margin at existing exposures. Because of the importance of this finding, we reviewed this study in detail along with other recent developments in the field of low-level lead exposure and children's cognitive development. We conclude that these findings are important scientifically, and efforts should continue to reduce childhood exposure. However, from a public health perspective, exposure to lead should be seen within the many other risk factors impacting on normal childhood development, in particular the influence of the learning environment itself. Current lead exposure accounts for a very small amount of variance in cognitive ability (1-4%), whereas social and parenting factors account for 40% or more.
Broadening the scope of sortagging (2019)

Sortases are enzymes occurring in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A (SrtA), the best studied sortase class, plays a key role in anchoring surface proteins with the recognition sequence LPXTG covalently to oligoglycine units of the bacterial cell wall. This unique transpeptidase activity renders SrtA attractive for various purposes and motivated researchers to study multiple <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> ligations in the last decades. This ligation technique is known as sortase-mediated ligation (SML) or sortagging and developed to a frequently used method in basic research. The advantages are manifold: extremely high substrate specificity, simple access to substrates and enzyme, robust nature and easy handling of sortase A. In addition to the ligation of two proteins or peptides, early studies already included at least one artificial (peptide equipped) substrate into sortagging reactions - which demonstrates the versatility and broad applicability of SML. Thus, SML is not only a biology-related technique, but has found prominence as a major interdisciplinary research tool. In this review, we provide an overview about the use of sortase A in interdisciplinary research, mainly for protein modification, synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and immobilization of proteins on surfaces.
Model-based programming of intelligent embedded systems and robotic space explorers (2003)

Programming complex embedded systems involves reasoning through intricate system interactions along lengthy paths between sensors, actuators, and control processors. This is a challenging, time-consuming, and error-prone process requiring significant interaction between engineers and software programmers. Furthermore, the resulting code generally lacks modularity and robustness in the presence of failure. Model-based programming addresses these limitations, allowing engineers to program reactive systems by specifying high-level control strategies and by assembling commonsense models of the system hardware and software. In executing a control strategy, model-based executives reason about the models "on the fly," to track system state, diagnose faults, and perform reconfigurations. This paper develops the reactive model-based programming language (RMPL) and its executive, called Titan. RMPL provides the features of synchronous, reactive languages, with the added ability of reading and writing to state variables that are hidden within the physical plant being controlled. Titan executes an RMPL program using extensive component-based declarative models of the plant to track states, analyze anomalous situations, and generate novel control sequences. Within its reactive control loop, Titan employs propositional inference to deduce the system's current and desired states, and it employs model-based reactive planning to move the plant from the current to the desired state.