gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineral Concentrations and Cytokinin Activity in the Xylem Exudate of Grafted Watermelons as Affected by Rootstocks and Crop Load. (1994)

Mineral concentrations and cytokinin activity in the xylem exudate of watermelon grafted to squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata 'Shintosa') were compared with those of watermelon grafted to bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl. 'Sakigake') and non-grafted watermelon in relation to fruit quality. In addition, the effect of fruit number on mineral concentrations and cytokinin activity in the xylem exudate was also investigated.1. Watermelon plants grafted to squash (W/squash) showed more vigorous growth than watermelon plants grafted to bottle gourd (W/bottle gourd) and non-grafted watermelon. The node order of first pistillate flower was lowered by grafting to bottle gourd. The flesh of the mature fruit was firmer and the textural quality was lower in W/squash than they were in W/bottle gourd and non-grafted watermelon plants. Hence, grafting to squash plants lowered melon quality in comparison to melons from the W/bottle gourd graft combination or to those from the non-grafted watermelon plants.2. Concentrations of NO3-N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the xylem exudate collected at 3 different growth stages: at anthesis, 14 days after pollination and fruit mature, were determined. The mineral absorption rate of W/squash was faster throughout the growth period in comparison with the rate of W/bottle gourd; whereas, the mineral absorption rate of W/bottle gourd was slower as the fruit matured.3. The effect of crop load on mineral concentrations in exudates of both W/bottle gourd and W/squash at 14 days after pollination was undetectable. But as the fruit matured, the mineral concentrations in the exudate of W/bottle gourd seemed to decrease more so in the 2-fruited treatment than those in the 1-fruited one; there was no significant difference in mineral contents between the 1- and 2-fruited treatments of W/squash.4. The cytokinin activity, mainly ribosylzeatin, in xylem exudate collected at 14 days after pollination was significantly higher in W/squash than in W/bottle gourd scion/stock combination and in the non-grafted watermelon. Two-fruited treatment decreased the cytokinin activity in both rootstocks. These results suggest that the root cytokinin is rapidly affected by the assimilate supply translocated from the shoot.5. It was concluded that the functions of W/squash roots, for example, mineral uptake and cytokinin synthesis, were considered more active and tolerable to heavier crop load than those of W/bottle gourd and non-grafted watermelon roots.
Application of E-Learning to Pilot Training at TransAsia Airways in Taiwan (2008)

TransAsia Airway is one of the four domestic airlines in Tai-wan. Taiwan has 13 domestic airports with the longest dis-tance between two airports being about 400 kilometers. The domestic airline market is highly competitive. TransAsia decided to apply e-learning within its organization to reduce training expenses and improve service quality. This study describes the strategy and methodology used by TransAsia when applying e-learning for regular training, and considers the management changes made by TransAsia when recon-structing its organization behavior and learning culture using e-learning. This study also uses the Krikpatrick model to assess the effect of e-learning within a firm. The TransAsia case is used to provide a reference for the future development of the Taiwanese airline industry. TransAsia was established in 1951, and has three business departments, namely transportation, shipping, and agent services. TransAsia flies eight
Accurate determination of the complex refractive index of solid tissue-equivalent phantom (2012)

Tissue-equivalent phantom is becoming widespread as a substitute in the biological field to verify optical theories, test measuring systems and study the tissue performances for varying boundary conditions, sample size and shape at a quantitative level. Compared with phantoms made with Intralipid solution, ink and other liquid substances, phantom in solid state is stable over time, reproducible, easy to handle and has been testified to be a suitable optical simulator in the visible and near-infrared region. We present accurate determination of the complex refractive index (RI) of a solid tissueequivalent phantom using extended derivative total reflection method (EDTRM). Scattering phantoms in solid state were measured for p-polarized and s-polarized incident light respectively. The reflectance curves of the sample as a function of incident angle were recorded. The real part of RI is directly determined by derivative of the reflectance curve, and the imaginary part is obtained from nonlinear fitting based on the Fresnel equation and Nelder-Mead simplex method. The EDTRM method is applicable for RI measurement of high scattering media such as biotissue, solid tissue-equivalent phantom and bulk material. The obtained RI information can be used in the study of tissue optics and biomedical field.
Optimization of Parallel Discrete Event Simulator for Multi-core Systems (2012)

Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) can substantially improve performance and capacity of simulation, allowing the study of larger, more detailed models, in shorter times. PDES is a fine-grained parallel application whose performance and scalability are limited by communication latencies. Traditionally, PDES simulation kernels use processes that communicate using message passing, shared memory is used to optimize message passing for processes running on the same machine. We report on our experiences in implementing a thread-based version of the ROSS simulator. The multithreaded implementation eliminates multiple message copying and significantly minimizes synchronization delays. We study the performance of the simulator on two hardware platforms: a Core i7 machine and a 48-core AMD Opteron Magny-Cours system. We identify performance bottlenecks and propose and evaluate mechanisms to overcome them. Results show that multithreaded implementation improves performance over the MPI version by up to a factor of 3 for the Core i7 machine and 1.2 on Magny-cours for 48-way simulation.
ENERGY ADDITIVITY IN GLASSES * (1945)

A bstract Energies of dissociation into the component ions have been computed for many simple and complex oxides. From these, 51 energy constants have been obtained, which may be used to compute approximate ionic dissociation energies in crystals and glasses in which each “metallic” atom is surrounded by oxygens. The relation of these constants to the Periodic Table is shown and briefly discussed. Slight deviations from additivity in silicates and phosphates are related to the dependence of the energy on the number of oxygens in SiO 4 and PO 4 groups which are shared with other & or P atoms.
Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Profiles in Samples from Brains of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders (2005)

The detection and identification of retroviral transcripts in brain samples, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma of individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders suggest that activation or upregulation of distinct human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. To test this hypothesis, we performed a comprehensive microarray-based analysis of HERV transcriptional activity in human brains. We investigated 50 representative members of 20 HERV families in a total of 215 brain samples derived from individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders and matched controls. A characteristic brain-specific retroviral activity profile was found that consists of members of the class I families HERV-E, HERV-F, and ERV9 and members of HERV-K taxa. In addition to these constitutively expressed HERVs, a number of differentially active HERV elements were identified in all brain samples independent of the disease pattern that may reflect differences in the genetic background of the tested individuals. Only a subgroup of the HML-2 family (HERV-K10) was significantly overrepresented in both bipolar-disorder- and schizophrenia-associated samples compared to healthy brains, suggesting a potential association with disease. Real-time PCR analysis of HERV env transcripts with coding capacity potentially involved in neuroinflammatory conditions revealed that env expression of HERV-W, HERV-FRD, and HML-2 remains unaffected regardless of the clinical picture. Our data suggest that HERV transcription in brains is weakly correlated with schizophrenia and related diseases but may be influenced by the individual genetic background, brain-infiltrating immune cells, or medical treatment.
Surfactant Flooding of Diesel-Fuel-Contaminated Soil (1992)

The use of surfactants to mobilize oil in water solutions has been developed in the oil industry to enhance oil recovery from reservoirs. In contrast, the use of surfactants as a soil-remediation technique is not as well researched. This study used surfactant solutions to leach undisturbed soil cores taken from a site that had been contaminated with No. 2 diesel fuel after a puncture of a transfer line. Preliminary screening of 22 surfactants was performed prior to this study to choose the surfactants to be used in the flooding of the columns. The chosen surfactants resulted in 87% to 97% removal of the diesel fuel during batch extraction. Prior to flooding the columns with surfactants, the columns were leached with deionized water to compare with leaching by the surfactant. Water flooding resulted in removal of <1% of the diesel fuel. Surfactant solutions removed generally <1%. The poor removal efficiencies from the surfactant flooding, especially when compared with results from the surfactant screening extractions, were attributed to channeling of the solutions through the columns. The column floodings, therefore, were essentially nonequilibrium extractions, whereas the batch-screening extractions reached an equilibrium.
Cloaked similarity between HIV-1 and SARS-CoV suggests an anti-SARS strategy (2003)

This study points to a similar mode of action for the two viral proteins, suggesting that anti-viral strategy that targets the viral-induced membrane fusion step can be adopted from HIV-1 to SARS-CoV. Recently the FDA approved Enfuvirtide, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal heptad repeat of HIV-1 gp41, as an anti-AIDS agent. Enfuvirtide and C34, another anti HIV-1 peptide, exert their inhibitory activity by binding to a leucine/isoleucine zipper-like sequence in gp41, thus inhibiting a conformational change of gp41 required for its activation. We suggest that peptides corresponding to the C-terminal heptad repeat of the S2 protein may serve as inhibitors for SARS-CoV entry.
A Study on the Sustainable Renovation for the Classroom unit of Elementary school designed by Standard Plan in 1980s (2006)

Majority of elementary school in Korea are built by standard plan in 1980s. Being deteriorated and uniform, they have lots of problems to meet the new education curriculum and generate environmental problems in terms of its performances. This research intends to review the conditions of classroom units related with the environmental issues and provide the directions of sustainable renovation to meet the updated curriculum focusing on daylighting and ventilation systems for the classroom built by standard plan in 1980s.
Analysis of pacemaker activity in the human stomach (2011)

Extracellular electrical recording and studies using animal models have helped establish important concepts of human gastric physiology. Accepted standards include electrical quiescence in the fundus, 3 cycles per minute (cpm) pacemaker activity in corpus and antrum, and a proximal-to-distal slow wave frequency gradient. We investigated slow wave pacemaker activity, contractions and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in human gastric muscles. Muscles were obtained from patients undergoing gastric resection for cancer, and the anatomical locations of each specimen were mapped by the operating surgeon to 16 standardized regions of the stomach. Electrical slow waves were recorded with intracellular microelectrodes and contractions were recorded by isometric force techniques. Slow waves were routinely recorded from gastric fundus muscles. These events had similar waveforms as slow waves in more distal regions and were coupled to phasic contractions. Gastric slow wave frequency was significantly greater than 3 cpm in all regions of the stomach. Antral slow wave frequency often exceeded the highest frequency of pacemaker activity in the corpus. Chronotropic mechanisms such as muscarinic and prostaglandin receptor binding, stretch, extracelluar Ca(2+) and temperature were unable to explain the observed slow wave frequency that exceeded accepted normal levels. Muscles from all regions through the thickness of the muscularis demonstrated intrinsic pacemaker activity, and this corresponded with the widespread distribution in ICC we mapped throughout the tunica muscularis. Our findings suggest that extracellular electrical recording has underestimated human slow wave frequency and mechanisms of human gastric function may differ from standard laboratory animal models.
Antiestrogen Resistant Cell Lines Expressing Estrogen Receptor α Mutations Upregulate the Unfolded Protein Response and are Killed by BHPI (2016)

Outgrowth of metastases expressing ERα mutations Y537S and D538G is common after endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer. The effect of replacing wild type ERα in breast cancer cells with these mutations was unclear. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system and homology directed repair to isolate and characterize 14 T47D cell lines in which ERαY537S or ERαD538G replace one or both wild-type ERα genes. In 2-dimensional, and in quantitative anchorage-independent 3-dimensional cell culture, ERαY537S and ERαD538G cells exhibited estrogen-independent growth. A progestin further increased their already substantial proliferation in micromolar 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant/ICI 182,780 (ICI). Our recently described ERα biomodulator, BHPI, which hyperactivates the unfolded protein response (UPR), completely blocked proliferation. In ERαY537S and ERαD538G cells, estrogen-ERα target genes were constitutively active and partially antiestrogen resistant. The UPR marker sp-XBP1 was constitutively activated in ERαY537S cells and further induced by progesterone in both cell lines. UPR-regulated genes associated with tamoxifen resistance, including the oncogenic chaperone BiP/GRP78, were upregulated. ICI displayed a greater than 2 fold reduction in its ability to induce ERαY537S and ERαD538G degradation. Progestins, UPR activation and perhaps reduced ICI-stimulated ERα degradation likely contribute to antiestrogen resistance seen in ERαY537S and ERαD538G cells.
Improving Efficiency in Neural Network Accelerator Using Operands Hamming Distance optimization (2020)

Neural network accelerator is a key enabler for the on-device AI inference, for which energy efficiency is an important metric. The data-path energy, including the computation energy and the data movement energy among the arithmetic units, claims a significant part of the total accelerator energy. By revisiting the basic physics of the arithmetic logic circuits, we show that the data-path energy is highly correlated with the bit flips when streaming the input operands into the arithmetic units, defined as the hamming distance of the input operand matrices. Based on the insight, we propose a post-training optimization algorithm and a hamming-distance-aware training algorithm to co-design and co-optimize the accelerator and the network synergistically. The experimental results based on post-layout simulation with MobileNetV2 demonstrate on average 2.85X data-path energy reduction and up to 8.51X data-path energy reduction for certain layers.
Detection and Genomic Characterization of Motility in Lactobacillus curvatus: Confirmation of Motility in a Species outside the Lactobacillus salivarius Clade (2014)

Lactobacillus is the largest genus within the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with almost 180 species currently identified. Motility has been reported for at least 13 Lactobacillus species, all belonging to the Lactobacillus salivarius clade. Motility in lactobacilli is poorly characterized. It probably confers competitive advantages, such as superior nutrient acquisition and niche colonization, but it could also play an important role in innate immune system activation through flagellin–Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) interaction. We now report strong evidence of motility in a species outside the L. salivarius clade, Lactobacillus curvatus (strain NRIC0822). The motility of L. curvatus NRIC 0822 was revealed by phase-contrast microscopy and soft-agar motility assays. Strain NRIC 0822 was motile at temperatures between 15 °C and 37 °C, with a range of different carbohydrates, and under varying atmospheric conditions. We sequenced the L. curvatus NRIC 0822 genome, which revealed that the motility genes are organized in a single operon and that the products are very similar (>98.5% amino acid similarity over >11,000 amino acids) to those encoded by the motility operon of Lactobacillus acidipiscis KCTC 13900 (shown for the first time to be motile also). Moreover, the presence of a large number of mobile genetic elements within and flanking the motility operon of L. curvatus suggests recent horizontal transfer between members of two distinct Lactobacillus clades: L. acidipiscis in the L. salivarius clade and L. curvatus inthe L. sakei clade. This study provides novel phenotypic, genetic, and phylogenetic insights into flagellum-mediated motility in lactobacilli.
Interactive surface correction for 3D shape based segmentation (2008)

Statistical shape models have become a fast and robust method for segmentation of anatomical structures in medical image volumes. In clinical practice, however, pathological cases and image artifacts can lead to local deviations of the detected contour from the true object boundary. These deviations have to be corrected manually. We present an intuitively applicable solution for surface interaction based on Gaussian deformation kernels. The method is evaluated by two radiological experts on segmentations of the liver in contrast-enhanced CT images and of the left heart ventricle (LV) in MRI data. For both applications, five datasets are segmented automatically using deformable shape models, and the resulting surfaces are corrected manually. The interactive correction step improves the average surface distance against ground truth from 2.43mm to 2.17mm for the liver, and from 2.71mm to 1.34mm for the LV. We expect this method to raise the acceptance of automatic segmentation methods in clinical application.
Effects of PWM inverter switching dead times on bidirectional current analysis and compensation (2003)

The influence of dead times on the behavior of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter feeding a bidirectional current load is investigated. An analytical study based on the Z transformation shows that the dynamic of the inverter load set is modified when the load current goes through zero during dead times. Thus, a correction of the effects of dead times on the current is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Acyl Diimides (2009)

The nucleophilic acyl substitution of the acyl diimide intermediate formed by the oxidation of isoniazid was found to involve two methanol molecules in a six-membered cyclic transition state. Calculations were performed in the gas phase at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory and solvation effects were included both explicitly and implicitly by using CPCM. The effect of electron withdrawing and donating groups on the aryl ring was also explored. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental observations for the oxidation of isoniazid.
Advances in developing SOI-based optical CDMA chips (2001)

In this article, we present a variety of optical CDMA photonic chips, some with the capability of random programming the CDMA codes in the 1.55um C-band. The devices are composed of two arrayed waveguide gratings with an array of thermo-optical switches in the center, which encode and decode the optical signal for optical CDMA operation. Detailed performance of the device will be discussed.
Peptide-based protein capture agents with high affinity, selectivity, and stability as antibody replacements (2014)

Current biodetection assays that employ monoclonal antibodies as primary capture agents exhibit limited fieldability, shelf life,\nand performance due to batch-to-batch prodn. variability and restricted thermal stability. In order to improve upon the\ndetection of biol. threats in fieldable assays and systems for the Army, we are investigating protein catalyzed capture (PCC)\nagents as drop-in replacements for the existing antibody technol. through iterative in situ click chem. The PCC agent\noligopeptides are developed against known protein epitopes and can be mass produced using robotic methods. In this work, a\nPCC agent under development will be discussed. The performance, including affinity, selectivity, and stability of the\ncapture agent technol., is analyzed by immunopptn., western blotting, and ELISA expts. The oligopeptide demonstrates\nsuperb selectivity coupled with high affinity through multi-ligand design, and improved thermal, chem., and biochem.\nstability due to non-natural amino acid PCC agent design.
Modal Vibration Control of Elastic Systems Using Wave-Trapped Horns (1988)

A method for modal vibration control of elastic systems using additional vibrators called `wave-trapped horns' is proposed. Experimental verification of the method has been done for several vibrating tools whose shapes are often adopted in ultrasonic plastic welding. The validity of the method is confirmed.
Growth factor mRNA levels in alopecia areata before and after treatment with the contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone. (1996)

The early immune response in alopecia areata is characterized by a Th1 T helper cell cytokine pattern and an aberrant expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules on lesional hair bulbs. A counteracting cytokine pattern induced by a therapeutic contact dermatitis is supposed to mediate the hair regrowth. In addition to cytokines, growth factors have been shown to influence immune responses, and we therefore investigated the expression levels for a panel of growth factors in untreated versus alopecia areata after treatment with the contact sensitizer diphenylcyclopropenone. Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we detected a striking overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA in successfully treated patients. This cytokine has been shown to be a potent immune response modifier, which can suppress Th1 immune responses. The way in which topical immunotherapy induces hair regrowth in alopecia areata is unknown, but a lesional increased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 may be a possible mechanism.
New methods of examining gamma camera collimators. (1988)

New methods are proposed and described to examine the quality of gamma camera collimators in two special performance categories, namely, uniformity in regional efficiency and regional variations in channel tilt. These two performances are critical areas for SPECT imaging. Results obtained from experimental and commercial collimators illustrate the variability seen for these performance characteristics in currently available collimators.