gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Transcutaneous Vaccination System for Infectious Disease Countermeasure (2012)

The recent vigorous transnational migration of people and materials reflecting the development of transportation facilities, changes in social structure, and war disasters has increased the global spread of emerging and re-emerging infections. Once, as the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, person-to-person transmission was achieved, the spread of pandemic cannot be contained in reality. Thus enhancement of the crisis-management structure against pandemic is critically important to maintain national function. On the basis of this social background, the development of vaccination, which is the only fundamental prophylaxis, is in attention, and earliest possible establishment of system that supply mass-vaccines in a short time is required. Even if, however, rapid manufacture of vaccine antigen is actualized, there are several problems that vaccine is not easily spread across the developing country and mass vaccination is not performed immediately at the time of the crisis, because conventional vaccination is performed mainly by injection. Our research group developed transcutaneous vaccine devices; a hydrogel patch and a dissolving microneedle array which delivered antigens to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermal layer. Our transcutaneous vaccination system receives a high evaluation as novel, easy-to-use, and less-invasive vaccination method against infections from home and abroad. In this review, we introduce the research progress resulted from our basic, preclinical, and clinical study for practical use.
Detection of a Biphasic Response of Hibernating Myocardium by Dobutamine-Stress Electrocardiography-Gated Technetium-99m-Tetrofosmin Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (1999)

A woman with coronary artery disease underwent a new imaging technique: dobutamine-stress electrocardiography (ECG)-gated tetrofosmin-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Dobutamine-stress ECG-gated tetrofosmin-SPECT with automatic left ventricular function analysis software programs detected improvement and a biphasic response of dysfunctional myocardium during dobutamine infusion, which suggested viable but hibernating myocardium. Dobutamine-stress ECG-gated tetrofosmin-SPECT with automatic left ventricular function analysis software programs has the potential to detect viable but dysfunctional myocardium with contractile reserve.
Diagnosis of Preterm Rupture of Membranes: Is Testing for Alpha-Fetoprotein Better Than Ferning or Nitrazine? (1990)

This article evaluates the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing in the diagnosis of ruptured membranes in the preterm patient. AFP is normally found in amniotic fluid and is not present in vaginal secretions. Testing for AFP in vaginal fluid was compared with nitrazine evaluation and ferning in two groups of preterm patients, those with intact membranes and those with ruptured membranes. There was no difference in the sensitivities of AFP, nitrazine, or ferning in diagnosing ruptured membranes. The specificities of AFP and ferning were similar and both were significantly better than nitrazine. Duration of membrane rupture for greater than 24 hours negatively affected the accuracy of all three tests. Blood-tinged amniotic fluid interfered with AFP and nitrazine evaluation. AFP does not appear to offer a significant advantage over nitrazine testing and ferning in the evaluation of patients with possible ruptured membranes.
28.1 A 0.46mW 5MHz-BW 79.7dB-SNDR noise-shaping SAR ADC with dynamic-amplifier-based FIR-IIR filter (2017)

The successive approximation register (SAR) ADC is the most energy efficient architecture with moderate conversion rate and resolution. However, its comparator noise limits its resolution without sacrificing power efficiency. The delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is the most popular architecture for achieving high SNDR due to its oversampling, but the bulky operational amplifier (op-amp) makes it area inefficient. In LTE Advanced, the bandwidth (BW) of downlink ADCs needs to be configured according to the number of inter-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation (NCCA), which motivates us to combine the benefits of both architectures to reduce area and power consumption simultaneously with high SNDR. The noise-shaping SAR ADC [1] suppresses the comparison and quantization noise in signal BW using a simple cascaded FIR-IIR filter, which obviates the need for a power-hungry low-noise comparator or high-performance op-amp. To some extent, the noise-shaping SAR ADC is a hybrid of DSM and SAR ADCs. Hence, it has the potential to achieve the high resolution and good power efficiency of DSM and SAR ADCs, respectively. However, the passive sampling in an FIR filter introduces considerable thermal noise to the ADC, making it difficult to achieve a high SNR. This work presents an energy-efficient noise-shaping SAR ADC that uses a gain-enhanced dynamic amplifier and some capacitors to construct a low-noise dynamic FIR-IIR filter. The prototype achieves a peak SNDR of 79.74dB over a 5MHz BW with a power consumption of 0.46mW from a 1V supply.
Evaluation of the improvement in the position estimate accuracy of UMTS mobiles with hybrid positioning techniques (2003)

In a wireless communication network, the position estimation of a given user equipment is usually obtained by the combination of angle and delay measurements of one or more radio links between that user equipment and one or several base stations. This paper focuses on the performance of an approximate maximum likelihood position estimator in the presence of non-zero cross-correlations between measurements. This issue becomes specially relevant in hybrid positioning techniques because angles and delays of the same radio link are combined and, in consequence, the usual assumption of uncorrelation between measurements does not hold.
Estrogen receptor beta signaling alters cellular inflammasomes activity after global cerebral ischemia in reproductively senescence female rats (2015)

Periodic treatments with estrogen receptor subtype-β (ER-β) agonist reduce post-ischemic hippocampal injury in ovariectomized rats. However, the underlying mechanism of how ER-β agonists protect the brain remains unknown. Global cerebral ischemia activates the innate immune response, and a key component of the innate immune response is the inflammasome. This study tests the hypothesis that ER-β regulates inflammasome activation in the hippocampus, thus reducing ischemic hippocampal damage in reproductively senescent female rats that received periodic ER-β agonist treatments. First, we determined the effect of hippocampal ER-β silencing on the expression of the inflammasome proteins caspase 1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and interleukin (IL)-1β. Silencing of ER-β attenuated 17β-estradiol mediated decrease in caspase 1, ASC, and IL-1β. Next, we tested the hypothesis that periodic ER-β agonist treatment reduces inflammasome activation and ischemic damage in reproductively senescent female rats. Periodic ER-β agonist treatments significantly decreased inflammasome activation and increased post-ischemic live neuronal counts by 32% (p < 0.05) as compared to the vehicle-treated, reproductively senescent rats. Current findings demonstrated that ER-β activation regulates inflammasome activation and protects the brain from global ischemic damage in reproductively senescent female rats. Further investigation on the role of a periodic ER-β agonist regimen to reduce the innate immune response in the brain could help reduce the incidence and the impact of global cerebral ischemia in post-menopausal women. We propose that estrogen receptor subtype-β (ER-β) activation regulates inflammasome activation and protects the brain from global ischemic damage in reproductively senescent female rats.
Social Wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Foraging Behavior (2000)

▪ Abstract Social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) forage for water, pulp, carbohydrates, and animal protein. When hunting, social wasps are opportunistic generalists and use a variety of mechanisms to locate and choose prey. Individual foragers are influenced by past foraging experience and by the presence of other foragers on resources. A forager’s ability to learn odors and landmarks, which direct its return to foraging sites, and to associate cues such as odor or leaf damage with resource availability provide the behavioral foundation for facultative specialization by individual foragers. Social wasps, by virtue of their behavior and numbers, have a large impact on other organisms by consuming them directly. Indirect effects such as disruption of prey and resource depletion may also be important. Community-level impacts are particularly apparent when wasps feed upon clumped prey vulnerable to depredation by returning foragers, or when species with large, long-lived colonies are introduced into island communities. A clearer understanding of these relationships may provide insight into impacts of generalist predators on the evolution of their prey.
Standardization of Low Molecular Weight Heparins : A Collaborative Study (1985)

Summary A collaborative study was carried out, in which eight laboratories each assayed eight low molecular weight (LMW) heparins against the International Standard (IS) for heparin. APTT assays and three types of anti-Xa method were used. The results of this study showed that: 1. LMW heparins cannot be validly assayed against the IS by APTT or anti-Xa methods. 2. Potencies of LMW heparins vs. the IS differed considerably between the four types of assay method used and also between different laboratories using the same type of method. 3. Adoption of a single LMW heparin standard would improve validity, improve inter-laboratory variation, and largely abolish the differences between the three types of anti-Xa method. However, since calibration of a LMW heparin standard against the IS would give potencies that differ widely by the different assay methods, a single assay method such as the anti-Xa amidolytic, plasma, would need to be chosen for this calibration.
Elevation of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in pulmonary fibrosis (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether latent viral infection is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an interstitial lung disease whose aetiology remains to be elucidated. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement fixation (CF), Epstein-Barr (EB) viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, herpes simplex virus (HSV) IgG, adenovirus CF, and parainfluenza 3 virus haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titres were measured in the serum from patients with pulmonary diseases. The study included five subject groups: 35 normal controls (aged (mean +/- SD) 38 +/- 17 yrs); 43 IPF (63 +/- 10 yrs), seven collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonitis (CVD-IP) (62 +/- 12 yrs); 22 sarcoidosis (36 +/- 14 yrs); and 17 emphysema (66 +/- 11 yrs). Levels of CMV IgG in IPF (87.6 +/- 51.7) and CVD-IP (101.2 +/- 69.9) were significantly elevated compared to those in the control (30.9 +/- 24.1), sarcoidosis (34.4 +/- 38.3) and emphysema groups (40.3 +/- 24.6), whereas CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) was generally below the limit of detection. Similarly, CMV CF titres in IPF and CVD-IP were elevated compared to those in other diseases. EB VCA IgG titres in IPF, CVD-IP and emphysema and HSV IgG in IPF were also elevated. In contrast, adenovirus CF and parainfluenza 3 HI titres demonstrated no significant difference among all of the groups investigated. Increases in cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G and complement fixation titres with negative cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin M suggest that latent cytomegalovirus infection may be more prominent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonitis. Together with the elevation of Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen and herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin G in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and/or collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonitis, it is rational to assume that these viruses may be implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Further study is necessary to investigate the relationship between latent viral infection and pulmonary fibrosis.
An inorganic carbon transport system responsible for acclimation specific to air levels of CO <sub>2</sub> in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2006)

Many photosynthetic microorganisms acclimate to CO(2) limited environments by induction and operation of CO(2)-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Despite their central role in CCM function, inorganic carbon (Ci) transport systems never have been identified in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a mutant, pmp1, was described in 1983 with deficiencies in Ci transport, and a Pmp1 protein-associated Ci uptake system has been proposed to be responsible for Ci uptake in low CO(2) (air level)-acclimated cells. However, even though pmp1 represents the only clear genetic link to Ci transport in microalgae and is one of only a very few mutants directly affecting the CCM itself, the identity of Pmp1 has remained unknown. Physiological analyses indicate that C. reinhardtii possesses multiple Ci transport systems responsible for acclimation to different levels of limiting CO(2) and that the Pmp1-associated transport system is required specifically for low (air level) CO(2) acclimation. In the current study, we identified and characterized a pmp1 allelic mutant, air dier 1 (ad1) that, like pmp1, cannot grow in low CO(2) (350 ppm) but can grow either in high CO(2) (5% CO(2)) or in very low CO(2) (<200 ppm). Molecular analyses revealed that the Ad1/Pmp1 protein is encoded by LciB, a gene previously identified as a CO(2)-responsive gene. LciB and three related genes in C. reinhardtii compose a unique gene family that encode four closely related, apparently soluble plastid proteins with no clearly identifiable conserved motifs.
Inactivation of single-chain urokinase (pro-urokinase) by thrombin and thrombin-like enzymes: relevance of the findings to the interpretation of fibrin-binding experiments (1987)

Whereas crude bovine thrombin activated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA), otherwise called pro-urokinase (pro- UK), purified human thrombin converted pro-UK (scu-PA) to a two-chain form that had no amidolytic activity. The two chains (Mr approximately 33,000 and 22,000) were disulfide linked and resistant to subsequent activation by plasmin. By contrast, thrombin did not inactivate tissue plasminogen activator or two-chain urokinase. The enzyme from snake venom Agkistrodon contortrix, relatively specific for fibrinopeptide B, had an effect similar to thrombin, whereas the enzyme from Agkistrodon rhodostoma (ancrod), specific for fibrinopeptide A, did not. When pro- UK (scu-PA) was present during thrombin clotting of fibrinogen, degradation of 125I-pro-UK (scu-PA) in the clot supernatant was seen, whereas virtually full recovery (95%) of radioactivity was found. A loss of latent amidolytic activity in the clot supernatant was also found, the extent of which could be correlated with the degree of degradation of the radiolabeled probe. It was concluded that thrombin inactivation of pro-UK (scu-PA) accounts for the loss of amidolytic activity in the clot supernatant, which has been attributed to fibrin binding. Further confirmation was obtained from experiments in which ancrod was used as the clotting agent. Full recovery of both radioactivity and latent amidolytic activity of pro-UK (scu-PA) in the supernatant was obtained under these conditions. These findings indicate that thrombin may introduce an artifact in the results of certain experiments designed to study the fibrin affinity or fibrinolytic effect of pro-UK (scu-PA).
Assessment of metadata associated with geotag pictures (2011)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
New Bifunctional Perfluoroaryl Boranes. Synthesis and Reactivity of the <i>ortho</i>-Phenylene-Bridged Diboranes 1,2-[B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>X<sub>4</sub> (X = H, F)‘ (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Bifunctional Perfluoroaryl Boranes. Synthesis and Reactivity of the ortho-Phenylene-Bridged Diboranes 1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2C6X4 (X = H, F)'V. Clifford Williams, Warren E. Piers, William Clegg, Mark R. J. Elsegood, Scott Collins, and Todd B. MarderView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive N. W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Chemistry, South Road University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 13, 3244–3245Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1999Publication History Received11 January 1999Published online19 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990082vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990082vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2000Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Group 13 compounds,Inorganic compounds,Olefin polymerization Get e-Alerts
The reading teacher's book of lists (1984)

This updated edition features 150 new lists ready for instant use in building word recognition and vocabulary, improving comprehension, and more. Also includes expanded lists of nondiscriminatory language, metaphors, and spelling demons.
Generating Focused Topic-Specific Sentiment Lexicons (2010)

We present a method for automatically generating focused and accurate topic-specific subjectivity lexicons from a gen-eral purpose polarity lexicon that allow users to pin-point subjective on-topic in-formation in a set of relevant documents. We motivate the need for such lexicons in the field of media analysis, describe a bootstrapping method for generating a topic-specific lexicon from a general pur-pose polarity lexicon, and evaluate the quality of the generated lexicons both manually and using a TREC Blog track test set for opinionated blog post retrieval. Although the generated lexicons can be an order of magnitude more selective than the general purpose lexicon, they maintain, or even improve, the performance of an opin-ion retrieval system. 1
Fibrils of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Fragments Boost Infections with XMRV (Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus), a Human Retrovirus Associated with Prostate Cancer (2009)

The xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has recently been detected in prostate cancer tissues and may play a role in tumorigenesis. It is currently unclear how this virus is transmitted and which factors promote its spread in the prostate. We show that amyloidogenic fragments known as semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) originating from prostatic acid phosphatase greatly increase XMRV infections of primary prostatic epithelial and stromal cells. Hybrid simian/human immunodeficiency chimeric virus particles pseudotyped with XMRV envelope protein were used to demonstrate that the enhancing effect of SEVI, or of human semen itself, was at the level of viral attachment and entry. SEVI enhanced XMRV infectivity but did not bypass the requirement for the xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1. Furthermore, XMRV RNA was detected in prostatic secretions of some men with prostate cancer. The fact that the precursor of SEVI is produced in abundance by the prostate indicates that XMRV replication occurs in an environment that provides a natural enhancer of viral infection, and this may play a role in the spread of this virus in the human population.
Suppression of Lymphocyte Activation by a High‐Molecular‐Weight Glycoprotein Released From Preimplantation Ovine and Porcine Conceptuses (1987)

A high-molecular-weight (MW greater than 660,000), acidic glycoprotein (HMWGP) was purified from incubation medium of preimplantation, elongating ovine (day 16 and 17) and porcine (day 16) conceptuses. HMWGP was tested for its ability to inhibit [3H-methyl]thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin or two-way mixed lymphocyte cultures. Ovine and porcine HMWGP inhibited the incorporation of [3H-methyl]thymidine into lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. An approximately 50% inhibition was detected at the lowest dose tested (ovine, 25 micrograms/ml; porcine, 5 micrograms/ml). Complete suppression of thymidine incorporation occurred at the highest doses evaluated (ovine, 200 micrograms/ml; porcine, 40 micrograms/ml). This immunosuppressive effect was not the result of an overall cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes as evaluated by trypan blue exclusion. In conclusion, an ovine and porcine conceptus glycoprotein, HMWGP, has potent in vitro immunosuppressive activity in both phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte cultures. In vivo, HMWGP may have an immunoregulatory role during early pregnancy in the sheep and pig by providing a local immunosuppressive environment within the uterus to prevent conceptus rejection.
A novel leukocyte differentiation antigen: two monoclonal antibodies TM2 and TM3 define a 120-kd molecule present on neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and activated lymphoblasts (1985)

We produced two hybridomas by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from a mouse immunized with the THP-1 human monocytoid leukemia cell line. Two cloned hybridoma cell lines, designated as TM2 and TM3, were obtained. They secreted antibodies against a unique cell surface antigen expressed on all normal peripheral blood monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, platelets, and mitogen-induced lymphoblasts, some cells from patients with immature-type lymphoid leukemias. However, the antibodies reacted neither with large numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes nor with red cells. Cross-blocking studies showed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same or a nearly positioned antigen epitope. Immunoprecipitation of THP-1 cell extract with TM2 or TM3 under reducing and nonreducing conditions yielded a specific band of mol wt equal to 120,000 daltons. This determinant appeared to be involved in granulocyte chemotaxis, since neutrophilic granulocytes exposed to TM2 or TM3 showed a significant decrease in chemotaxis toward endotoxin-activated serum. These two monoclonal antibodies did not affect O2- release or luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Moreover, they did not alter platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. TM2 and TM3 will provide a new reagent in defining the linkage between lymphoid and myeloid differentiation and intermyeloid development.