gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Control of Bulk Cement Tank Levels (1992)

ABSTRACT The delivery of dry bulk cement to the cement mixer can be a difficult task. The level of cement in the surge tank must be controlled as the flow into and out of the surge tank changes. An automated system has been designed that is capable of maintaining a proper level in the surge tank. The system is primarily designed for use on offshore rigs and reduces the need for constant attention by an operator. This paper will cover:the bulk level control system requirements,the selection of components and,the operation of the system. INTRODUCTION In the past, steady flow separators on offshore rigs were operated by fairy available person on the rig. Typically, this was any rig crew member who was not busy during the cementing job. This meant that often the operator was untrained and, due to the turnover of personnel, rarely the same person twice. To determine the level of cement in the tank, the operator used the sight glasses which were often dust covered or tapped on the tank with a hammer to determine the level by a difference in sound. To overcome these operating problems, an automated bulk level control system was designed to control cement flow into the surge tank. The system monitors the level in the surge tank and adjusts the inlet flow as needed. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The normal practice of handling bulk cement is for the operator to watch a dust covered sight glass and attempt to keep a uniform Level of material in the steady flow separator based on this sight reading. Some rigs are equipped with a scale to weigh the steady flow separator (surge tank). This tells the operator the weight but not the level in the tank. Possibly 10%of rigs have scales. Using the scale, a lightweight cement blend can overfill while the same weight of heavier blend may result in the correct material level. Proper control of the material is not an easy job. Dust collects on the inside of the sight glass and makes the surge tank look full when it is empty. The light installed on the inside of the tank helps, but frequently burns out. Typically, the only reliable indication of the level in the tank is found by tapping the outside of the tank with a hammerand trying to listen to the difference in tone between full and empty at that location. Several undesirable events can happen with inexperienced operators. The surge tank could unintentionally empty. When dry cement stops flowing to the cement mixer, this causes a drop in the density of the cement slurry. Alternately, the surge tank could overfill. This could plug the vent piping with dry cement, making it difficult to remove the dry cement or the excess conveying air from the tank. The result is change in the density of the cement slurry.
Polymerized gels and ‘reverse aerogels’ from methyl methacrylate or styrene and tetraoctadecylammonium bromide as gelator (1997)

W. Gu, L. Lu, G. B. Chapman and R. G. Weiss, Chem. Commun., 1997, 543 DOI: 10.1039/A607868K
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Within the Signal Subspace (2006)

This letter describes the extension of signal subspace processing (SSP) to the arena of anomaly detection. In particular, we develop an SSP-based, local anomaly detector that exploits the rich information available in the multiple bands of a hyperspectral (HS) image. This SSP approach is based on signal processing considerations, and its entire formulation reduces to a straightforward (and intuitively pleasing) geometric and algebraic development. We extend the basic SSP concepts to the HS anomaly detection problem, develop an SSP HS anomaly detector, and evaluate this algorithm using multiple HS data files
Perovskite-type B-site Bi-doped ceramic membranes for oxygen separation (2000)

Novel mixed conducting oxides, B-site Bi-doped perovskites were exploited and synthesized. Cubic perovskite structures were formed for BaBi0.2COyFe0.8-yO3-δ (y≤0.4) and BaBixCo0.2Fe0.8-xO3-δ (x=0.1 -0.5). The materials exhibited considerable high oxygen permeability at high temperature. The oxygen permeation flux of BaBi0.2Co0.35Fe0.45O3-δmembrane reached about0.77×106 mol/cm2 ·s under an air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient at 900 ℃, which was much higher than that of other bismuth-contained mixed conducting membranes. The permeation fluxes of the materials increased with the increase of cobalt content, but no apparent simple relationship was found with the bismuth content. The materials also demonstrated excellent reversibility of oxygen adsorption and desorption. Stable time-related oxygen permeation fluxes were found for BaBi0.2Co0.35Fe045O3-δ
Probing the Interaction between Peptides and Metal Oxides Using Point Mutants of a TiO<sub>2</sub>-Binding Peptide (2008)

An increasing number of peptides with specific binding affinity to inorganic materials are being isolated using combinatorial peptide libraries without prior knowledge about the interaction between peptides and target materials. The lack of understanding of the mechanism and the contribution of constituent amino acids to the peptides' inorganic-binding ability poses an obstacle to optimizing and tuning of the binding affinity of peptides to inorganic materials and thus hinders the practical application of these peptides. Using the phage surface display technique, we previously identified a disulfide-bond-constrained peptide (-CHKKPSKSC-, STB1) cognitive of TiO2. In the present study, the interaction of STB1 with TiO2 was probed using a series of point mutants of STB1 displayed on phage surfaces. Their binding affinity was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation measurement and compared on the basis of the delta f or delta D values. The three K residues of STB1 were found to be essential and sufficient for phage particle binding to TiO2. One mutant with five K residues showed not stronger but weaker binding affinity than STB1 due to its conformational restriction, as illustrated by molecular dynamics simulation, to align five K residues in a way conducive to their simultaneous interaction with the TiO2 surface. The contextual influence of noncharged residues on STB1's binding affinity was also investigated. Our results may provide insight into the electrostatic interaction between peptides and inorganic surfaces.
[BIOMECHANICAL STRENGTH INFLUENCE OF LATERAL WALL VIOLATION ON SPINAL PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION]. (2015)

Compared with OS, RS placement after a lateral wall violation shows significantly decreased maximal insertion torque, seating torque, screw loosening force, and post-loosening axial pullout. On this occasion, RS augmentation is a probable option for remediation.
Spectral velocity estimation in ultrasound using sparse data sets (2006)

Velocity distributions in blood vessels can be displayed using ultrasound scanners by making a Fourier transform of the received signal and then showing spectra in an M-mode display. It is desired to show a B-mode image for orientation, and data for this have to be acquired interleaved with the flow data. This either halves the effective pulse repetition frequency f(prf) or gaps appear in the spectrum from B-mode emissions. This paper presents a technique to maintain the highest possible f(prf) and at the same time show a B-mode image. The power spectrum can be calculated from the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function, and it is shown that the autocorrelation function can be calculated for a sparse set of data where flow and B-mode emissions are interspaced. Both short deterministic sequences of emissions and full random sequences can be used. The dynamic range of the sparse sequence is reduced compared to a full sequence. Typically, a reduction of 20 dB is found when using 66% of the data compared to using all data. The theory of the method and examples from simulations of flow in arteries are presented. The audio signal can also be generated from the spectrogram.
Accurate depth map estimation from a lenslet light field camera (2015)

This paper introduces an algorithm that accurately estimates depth maps using a lenslet light field camera. The proposed algorithm estimates the multi-view stereo correspondences with sub-pixel accuracy using the cost volume. The foundation for constructing accurate costs is threefold. First, the sub-aperture images are displaced using the phase shift theorem. Second, the gradient costs are adaptively aggregated using the angular coordinates of the light field. Third, the feature correspondences between the sub-aperture images are used as additional constraints. With the cost volume, the multi-label optimization propagates and corrects the depth map in the weak texture regions. Finally, the local depth map is iteratively refined through fitting the local quadratic function to estimate a non-discrete depth map. Because micro-lens images contain unexpected distortions, a method is also proposed that corrects this error. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through challenging real world examples and including comparisons with the performance of advanced depth estimation algorithms.
Deep-learning-based label-free segmentation of cell nuclei in time-lapse refractive index tomograms (2018)

Abstract In order to identify cell nuclei, fluorescent proteins or staining agents has been widely used. However, use of exogenous agents inevitably prevents from long-term imaging of live cells and rapid analysis, and even interferes with intrinsic physiological conditions. In this work, we proposed a method of label-free segmentation of cell nuclei in optical diffraction tomography images by exploiting a deep learning framework. The proposed method was applied for precise cell nucleus segmentation in two, three, and four-dimensional label-free imaging. A novel architecture with optimised training strategies was validated through cross-modality and cross-laboratory experiments. The proposed method would bring out broad and immediate biomedical applications with our framework publicly available.
Wolman's Disease: The First Case in Japan (1966)

A 2-month-old female with Wolman's disease is presented as the first case of this illness in Japan. Two siblings of the patient had succumbed probably to the same disease. Histochemical examination revealed that numerous foamy cells containing cholesterol and neutral fat appeared in the reticuloendothelial system. Electron-microscopic observation revealed large droplets of fat in the cytoplasm of the foamy cells. Lipid analysis of the liver and spleen showed an abnormal accumulation of cholesterol (mainly esterified form) and triglycerides. On the determination of fatty acid moieties in cholesterol ester and triglycerides obtain-ed from the spleen linoleic acid could not be found. Infra-red spectrum of the cholesterol ester obtained from the spleen of our patient showed a close similarity to that of authentic cholesterol palmitate.
Die neue Dimension am Beispiel Energie (1994)

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel Energie und insbesondere am Verbrauch fossiler Brennstoffe soll veranschaulicht werden, daß die gegenwärtigen Lösungsstrategien des nachsorgenden Umweltschutzes nicht ausreichen, um Wirtschaften umweltverträglich zu gestalten.
Fast generation of natural textures with Cellular Neural Networks-based stitching (2010)

The following paper presents a novel method for texture synthesis, which combines simple patch-based texture mapping with an appropriate stitching procedure, performed by means of Cellular Neural Networks. Texture mapping involves placement of same-size blocks, extracted randomly from some reference texture image, at regularly-spaced locations. Gaps between blocks are next filled with contents generated by means of a Cellular Neural Network. A CNN is expected to spontaneously transform its initial random state into a texture-fitting pattern. The appropriate template is designed by approaching a CNN from a linear filter perspective: template's transfer function is expected to match a spectrum of a target texture. The main advantage of the proposed method is its fast speed of texture rendering, combined with good-quality of generated images.
A Sparse Aperture MIMO-SAR-Based UWB Imaging System for Concealed Weapon Detection (2010)

A high-resolution imaging system based on the combination of ultrawideband (UWB) transmission, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is suggested and studied. Starting from the resolution requirements, spatial sampling criteria for nonmonochromatic waves are investigated. Exploring the decisive influence of the system's fractional bandwidth (instead of previously claimed aperture sparsity) on the imaging capabilities of sparse aperture arrays, a MIMO linear array is designed based on the principle of effective aperture. For the antenna array, an optimized UWB antenna is designed allowing for distortionless impulse radiation with more than 150% fractional bandwidth. By combining the digital beamforming in the MIMO array with the SAR in the orthogonal direction, a high-resolution 3-D volumetric imaging system with a significantly reduced number of antenna elements is proposed. The proposed imaging system is experimentally verified against the conventional 2-D SAR under different conditions, including a typical concealed-weapon-detection scenario. The imaging results confirm the correctness of the proposed system design and show a strong potential of the MIMO-SAR-based UWB system for security applications.
The relationship of DNA methylation to cancer. (1996)

There is strong evidence that DNA methylation is not a neutral bystander in carcinogenesis, but actively contributes to the process. Methylation of cytosine is known to promote mutation to thymine, and there are many examples of tumours in which tumour suppressor proteins have been rendered functionless by methylation induced mutations of this kind. There is also evidence that tumour suppressor genes can be silenced epigenetically by de novo methylation of their CpG islands in the absence of any predisposing mutation. Although the experimental results in favour of the idea are becoming highly suggestive, it is too early to consider involvement of purely epigenetic processes as proven. New data bearing on this subject will doubtless be forthcoming.
Investigation the chemical reactivity of positions N‐3, C‐5 and C<sub>6</sub>‐methyl group in biginelli type compounds and synthesis of new dihydropyrimidine derivatives (2001)

Abstract The compounds 5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(l H )‐one (5) and 5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐phenyl‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(l H )‐one (1) were prepared by the Biginelli condensation method and they converted to eight N‐3 substituted dihydropyrimidines using NaH and various electrophiles (ClCO 2 Et, TsCl, Ac 2 O, AcCl and PhCOCl). Compound (1) was mono‐brominated at the C 6 ‐methyl group using bromine solution. Reaction of the bromo derivative with amino nucleophiles such as methyl amine and cyclohexyl amine produced two pyrrolo‐pyrimidine derivatives. All the compounds except 5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐phenyl‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(l H )‐one ( 4 ) were purified by recrystallization methods. The structure of all the new compounds was confirmed using FT‐ir, 1 H nmr, 13 C nmr spectral and elemental analyses methods.
Effect of Bismuth in Trace Level on the Properties of Gray Cast Iron (2013)

In the present work an effort has been made to correlate the “Effect of Bismuth in trace level on the tensile strength, hardness and microstructure of gray cast iron”. Bismuth in trace level have a significant effect on the properties and microstructure of gray cast iron. Bismuth is deliberately added to study its effect on properties and microstructure. The addition of bismuth in trace level shows a decreasing trend in tensile strength and hardness values for all additions.
Letter (1993)

Dear Editor I am currently undertaking research into ethical dilemmas in nursing care.
A dental health program in Michigan's upper peninsula. (1977)

Theodore Roosevelt thanks Reverend Moir and informs him of the correct pronunciation of Roosevelt.
A Simple and Computationally Efficient Sampling Approach to Covariate Adjustment for Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Analysis of Epistasis (2010)

Epistasis or gene-gene interaction is a fundamental component of the genetic architecture of complex traits such as disease susceptibility. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was developed as a nonparametric and model-free method to detect epistasis when there are no significant marginal genetic effects. However, in many studies of complex disease, other covariates like age of onset and smoking status could have a strong main effect and may potentially interfere with MDR's ability to achieve its goal. In this paper, we present a simple and computationally efficient sampling method to adjust for covariate effects in MDR. We use simulation to show that after adjustment, MDR has sufficient power to detect true gene-gene interactions. We also compare our method with the state-of-art technique in covariate adjustment. The results suggest that our proposed method performs similarly, but is more computationally efficient. We then apply this new method to an analysis of a population-based bladder cancer study in New Hampshire.
The MAPK Scaffold Kinase Suppressor of Ras Is Involved in ERK Activation by Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines and Induction of Arthritis (2006)

The MAPK ERK is required for LPS-induced TNF production by macrophages. Although the scaffold kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR)1 is required for efficient Erk activation by mitogenic stimuli, the role of KSR1 in ERK activation by inflammatory and stress stimuli is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of KSR deficiency on ERK activation by stress stimuli and show that ERK activation by TNF, IL-1, and sorbitol is attenuated in the absence of KSR1. To determine the significance of this defect in vivo, we tested KSR-deficient mice using a passive transfer model of arthritis. We found that the induction of arthritis is impaired in the absence of KSR. Thus, KSR plays a role in ERK activation during inflammatory and stress responses both in vitro and in vivo.
Ethanol Production from Dilute-Acid Pretreated Cassava Peel by Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (2012)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel, a by-product of cassava starch factory processing, which has high starch content is a potential feedstock for a cleanalternative energy bio ethanol production. To obtain high concentration of ethanol from cassava peel, cassava peel was pretreated with acid to remove noncellulose components, and then subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). An ethanol concentration as high as 7.62 g/L was achieved with 2.5 % dry matter (DM) using batch SSF, resulting in an 84.34% overall ethanol yield. A fed-batch process using a high solid concentration was also investigated. Dry substrate was pretreated with stream and dilute sulfuric acid at 135°C under pressure of 15 lb/in 2 , and then added at different amounts during the first 24 h, to yield a final dry matter content of 20% (w/v). Fed batch SSF conditions with cellulase loading of 100 FPU/g, xylanase 25 IU/g, pectinase 25 IU/g and amylase with amyloglucosidase loading of 50 and 75 U/g, respectively, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) loading of 2 g/L and substrate supplementation every 4 h yielded the highest ethanol concentration of 58.73 g/L after 72 h. This corresponded to a 76.47 % overall ethanol yield.
New Ramanujan-Kolberg type partition identities (2002)

In this article, we use functions studied by N. J. Fine and R
Antibody-catalyzed reversal of chemoselectivity. (1993)

A monoclonal antibody, 14D9, which has been elicited against a cationic hapten, N-alkyl-N-methyl-3-glutarylamidomethyl piperidinium, in which alkyl = [4-(2-hydroxyethylamido)carbonyl]phenylmethyl, is capable of inverting the intrinsic order of reactivity in a series of structurally related enol ethers and ketals towards hydrolysis. The order of reactivity of compounds 2 (1-methoxy-2-alkylcyclopent-1-ene), 3 (1-methoxy-5-alkylcylopent-1-ene), and 4 (1,1-dimethoxy-2-alkylcyclopentane) has changed from 0.09:0.17:1 in the uncatalyzed reaction to 1100:25:1 under antibody catalysis. Also, the order of reactivity of the three chemically similar ketals, 6a (1-alkyl-2,2-dimethoxypropane), 6b (1-alkyl-1-methyl-2,2-dimethoxypropane), and 4, has changed from 0.23:0.38:1 in the uncatalyzed hydrolysis to 100:9:1 within the antibody active site. As all compounds bind the antibody with very similar affinities, these effects cannot be simply attributed to selective binding by the antibody. In fact, ketal 4, which shows no measurable catalysis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of 14D9-catalyzed hydrolysis of 6a. Both the solution and the antibody-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ketal substrates are shown to be specific acid catalyzed, involving the unimolecular cleavage of the protonated substrate or antibody-substrate complex in the rate-determining step. Reactivity effects from the acid catalyst itself on ketal hydrolysis (reagent-controlled reactivity) are ruled out under this mechanistic scheme.
Expansive Midline T-Saw Laminoplasty (Modified Spinous Process-Splitting) for the Management of Cervical Myelopathy (1998)

The application of the threadwire saw to split the spinous processes made Kurokawa's procedure simpler, faster, and safer.
3D processing technology and its impact on iA32 microprocessors (2004)

This short paper explores an implementation of a new technology called 3D die stacking and describes research activity at Intel. 3D die stacking is the bonding of two die either face-to-face or face-to-back in order to construct the 3D structure. In this work, a face-to-face bonding is utilized because it yields a higher density die-to-die inter-connect than is possible with face-to-back. With sufficiently dense die-to-die interconnect devices as complex as an iA32 microprocessor can be repartitioned or split between two die in order to simultaneously improve performance and power. The 3D structure of this emerging technology is examined and applied in this paper to a real x86 deeply pipelined high performance microprocessor. In this initial study, it is shown that a 3D implementation can potentially improve the performance by 15% while improving power by 15%.
Studies on the role of interleukin-4 and Fc epsilon RII in the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (1992)

Childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has often been associated with allergic symptoms such as urticaria, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and elevated IgE levels and referred to involve immune dysfunction. Fc epsilon RII is known to be involved in IgE production and response. Interleukin-4 is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production. Hence the present study is aimed at investigating the role of interleukin-4 and Fc epsilon RII in the pathogenesis of MCNS. IgE was measured by ELISA. Fc epsilon RII was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell scanner (FAC-scan) by double antibody staining with anti Leu16-FITC and anti Leu20-PE. Soluble IgE receptor was measured by ELISA using anti CD23 antibody (3-5-14). Interleukin-4 activities were measured by CD23 expression on purified human tonsillar B cells. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in MCNS (1,507 +/- 680 IU/dl) than in normal controls (123 +/- 99.2 IU/dl). A significantly higher expression of membrane Fc epsilon RII was noted for MCNS (41 +/- 12%) than that in normal controls (18 +/- 6.2%) (p < 0.001). Soluble CD23 levels were also significantly higher in MCNS (198 +/- 39.3%) than in normal controls (153 +/- 13.4) (p < 0.01). Interleukin-4 activity in sera of MCNS (12U/ml) was also significantly higher than normal controls (4.5U/ml). These results indicate that increased production of Fc epsilon RII and interleukin-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCNS.