gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR Diffraction and Spatial Statistics of Stationary Systems (1992)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spatial imaging data may be acquired, processed, and interpreted in ways that provide information directly analogous to diffraction experiments, with length scales determined by gradient strengths rather than radiation wavelengths. This approach, originally considered by Mansfield nearly two decades ago, provides access to autocorrelations of sample density that statistically characterize small-scale density variations. These NMR "Patterson functions" can be acquired orders of magnitude more rapidly than comparably resolved NMR images and are suitable for spatial characterization of small features in bulk samples, such as morphology in structural materials. Unlike hindered diffusion approaches, neither mobility, penetrants, nor transport time are required for examining granularity and porosity.
On a new class of planar fractals: the Pascal-Sierpinski gaskets (1986)

A new class of planar fractals called the Pascal-Sierpinski gaskets is described, of which the well known Sierpinski gasket is a special case. Some of these gaskets are true Mandelbrot fractals possessing non-integral dimensions as well as self-similarity; the remaining ones are not self-similar, but appear to have nonintegral dimensions.
GPU-based fast cone beam CT reconstruction from undersampled and noisy projection data via total variation (2010)

This work indicates that the developed GPU-based CBCT reconstruction algorithm is capable of lowering imaging dose considerably. The high computation efficiency in this algorithm makes the iterative CBCT reconstruction approach applicable in real clinical environments.
Security vulnerabilities of IEEE 802.11p and visible light communication based platoon (2016)

Technology brings autonomous vehicles into the reality where vehicles become capable of cruising themselves. A vehicular platoon contains autonomous vehicles organized into groups with close proximity. It is envisioned that with the increased demand for autonomous vehicles, platoons would be the part of our lives in near future. From this perspective, vehicular platoon control using current dominant IEEE 802.11p (DSRC) is an active research field. However, DSRC suffers from problems of performance degradation due to congestion, the scarcity of radio-frequency (RF) and security. Visible Light Communication (VLC), on the other hand, is a promising complementary technology with the potential to address DSRC problems. In this paper, we investigate the security vulnerabilities of hybrid DSRC-VLC platoon in the presence of outside attackers. We develop a simulation platform to realize the hybrid platoon. We demonstrate that although VLC limits the effect of adversaries, hybrid architectures still suffer from the packet falsification and replay attacks.
Towards including batch services in models for DPDK-based virtual switches (2017)

With the development of NFV (Network Function Virtualization) paradigm, networking functions would gradually move from specialized and proprietary hardware to open-source software run over a virtual machine (VM) deployed on commodity hardware. Open vSwitch (OVS) is the most prominent open-source solution implementing a virtual switch, while DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) is a set of specialized libraries to enhance the performance. In particular, DPDK allows packets to be processed by batches. In this paper, we address the issue of modeling the behavior of a DPDK-based virtual switch. First, we investigate the influence of batch services on the overall performance of a virtual switch. Second, we extend two former analytical models to include the processing of packets by batches. We propose a simple means to do it, and we evaluate the accuracy of our solution on two different scenarios. Numerical results show that, despite its simplicity, our approach provides fairly good results when compared to simulation.
Oral consumption of electrokinetically modified water attenuates muscle damage and improves postexercise recovery (2013)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of consuming electrokinetically modified water (EMW) on attenuating muscle damage and improving functional recovery following a single bout of isokinetic resistance exercise. Subjects were randomly assigned to an EMW (n = 20) or a placebo control (n = 20) group. Subjects consumed EMW or placebo water daily for 23 days. On day 19 subjects completed an exercise protocol for the biceps brachii to induce muscle damage. The protocol consisted of three sets of 20 repetitions using concentric and eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Blood draw and clinical measurements were performed preexercise as well as 24, 48, and 96 h postexercise. Clinical measures included maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness, pain with elbow extension, relaxed elbow angle (RANG), and self-report arm disability. Plasma samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Pain with elbow extension and self-report arm disability were significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the EMW group at 48 h (P < 0.01) and 96 h (P < 0.01) after exercise, while RANG was significantly higher in the EMW group compared with placebo at 48 h (P < 0.01) and 96 h (P < 0.01) after exercise. Similarly, plasma concentrations for hsCRP and CK were significantly lower in the EMW group compared with placebo at 48 h (P < 0.05) and 96 h (P < 0.01) after exercise. Oral consumption of EMW significantly reduced exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation and improved functional recovery.
The bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP: mechanisms of signalling (2011)

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates many important bacterial processes. Freely diffusible intracellular c-di-GMP is determined by the action of metabolizing enzymes that allow integration of numerous input signals. c-di-GMP specifically regulates multiple cellular processes by binding to diverse target molecules. This review highlights important questions in research into the mechanisms of c-di-GMP signalling and its role in bacterial physiology.
Immune mechanisms of allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (2006)

Sublingual immunotherapy has been shown in some clinical studies to modulate allergen-specific antibody responses [with a decrease in the immunoglobulin E/immunoglobulin G4 (IgE/IgG4) ratio] and to reduce the recruitment and activation of proinflammatory cells in target mucosa. Whereas a central paradigm for successful immunotherapy has been to reorient the pattern of allergen-specific T-cell responses in atopic patients from a T helper (Th)2 to Th1 profile, there is currently a growing interest in eliciting regulatory T cells, capable of downregulating both Th1 and Th2 responses through the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and/or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. We discuss herein immune mechanisms involved during allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), in comparison with subcutaneous immunotherapy. During SLIT, the allergen is captured within the oral mucosa by Langerhans-like dendritic cells expressing high-affinity IgE receptors, producing IL-10 and TGF-beta, and upregulating indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), suggesting that such cells are prone to induce tolerance. The oral mucosa contains limited number of proinflammatory cells, such as mast cells, thereby explaining the well-established safety profile of SLIT. In this context, second-generation vaccines based on recombinant allergens in a native conformation formulated with adjuvants are designed to target Langerhans-like cells in the sublingual mucosa, with the aim to induce allergen-specific regulatory T cells. Importantly, such recombinant vaccines should facilitate the identification of biological markers of SLIT efficacy in humans.
Evaluation of LaB<sub>6</sub> Thin Film as Low-Work-Function Gate for MOSFET Operated at Low Temperature (1990)

The work function of LaB 6 thin film has been evaluated from the LaB 6 /SiO 2 /Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure. Thermally stable MOS diodes with LaB 6 gate were fabricated. From capacitance-voltage characteristics of MOS diodes, the work function of LaB 6 film was found to be 3.5 eV. This result shows that LaB 6 is a very promising candidate for a gate material of depletion MOSFET operated at low temperature without carrier freeze-out.
Static approximation of dynamically generated Web pages (2005)

Server-side programming is one of the key technologies that support today's WWW environment. It makes it possible to generate Web pages dynamically according to a user's request and to customize pages for each user. However, the flexibility obtained by server-side programming makes it much harder to guarantee validity and security of dynamically generated pages.To check statically the properties of Web pages generated dynamically by a server-side program, we develop a static program analysis that approximates the string output of a program with a context-free grammar. The approximation obtained by the analyzer can be used to check various properties of a server-side program and the pages it generates.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the analysis, we have implemented a string analyzer for the server-side scripting language PHP. The analyzer is successfully applied to publicly available PHP programs to detect cross-site scripting vulnerabilities and to validate pages they generate dynamically.
Chromatin Modifications as Determinants of Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence and Chronological Aging (2013)

The ability to maintain quiescence is critical for the long-term maintenance of a functional stem cell pool. To date, the epigenetic and transcriptional characteristics of quiescent stem cells and how they change with age remain largely unknown. In this study, we explore the chromatin features of adult skeletal muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), which reside predominantly in a quiescent state in fully developed limb muscles of both young and aged mice. Using a ChIP-seq approach to obtain global epigenetic profiles of quiescent SCs (QSCs), we show that QSCs possess a permissive chromatin state in which few genes are epigenetically repressed by Polycomb group (PcG)-mediated histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), and a large number of genes encoding regulators that specify nonmyogenic lineages are demarcated by bivalent domains at their transcription start sites (TSSs). By comparing epigenetic profiles of QSCs from young and old mice, we also provide direct evidence that, with age, epigenetic changes accumulate and may lead to a functional decline in quiescent stem cells. These findings highlight the importance of chromatin mapping in understanding unique features of stem cell identity and stem cell aging.
MICS Transceivers: Regulatory Standards and Applications (2005)

The medical implant communications service (MICS) is an ultra-low power, unlicensed, mobile radio service for transmitting data in support of diagnostic or therapeutic functions associated with implanted medical devices. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated the 402-405 MHz frequency band for MICS operations on a shared, secondary basis in 1999. Although it is a fairly new standard, its usage is rapidly increasing in medical implant devices such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, neurostimulators, hearing aids and automated drug delivery systems. This paper reviews the regulatory standards and the characteristics of MICS transceivers.
PTH/PTHrP receptor is temporally regulated during osteoblast differentiation and is associated with collagen synthesis (1996)

The temporal sequence of PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA, binding, biologic activity, and its dependence on matrix synthesis was determined using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast-like cells and primary rat calvarial cells in vitro. Osteoblastic cells were induced to differentiate and form mineralized nodules with the addition of ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate, and samples were collected from 0-26 days of culture. DNA levels as determined by fluorometric analysis increased 12- and 17-fold during the collection period for both MC3T3-E1 and primary calvarial cells respectively. Steady state mRNA levels for the PTH/PTHrP receptor as determined by northern blot analysis, were initially low for both cell types, peaked at day 4 and 5 for MC3T3-E1 and primary calvarial cells respectively, and declined thereafter. Competition binding curves were performed during differentiation using 125I-PTHrP. The numbers of receptors per microgram DNA were greatest at days 3 and 5 for MC3T3-E1 and primary calvarial cells respectively. The biologic activity of the receptor was evaluated by stimulating the cells with 10 nM PTHrP and determining cAMP levels via a binding protein assay. The PTHrP-stimulated cAMP levels increased 5-fold to peak values at day 5 for MC3T3-E1! cells and 6-fold to peak values at day 4 for the primary calvarial cells. Ascorbic acid was required for maximal development of a PTH-dependent cAMP response since ascorbic acid-treated MC3T3-E1 cells had twice the PTH-stimulated cAMP levels as non-treated cells. When the collagen synthesis inhibitor 3,4-dehydroproline was administered to MC3T3-E1 cultures prior to differentiation, there was a subsequent diminution of the PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA gene expression and numbers of receptors per cell; however, if administered after the initiation of matrix synthesis there was no reduction in PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA. These findings indicate that the PTH/PTHrP receptor is associated temporally at the level of mRNA, protein, and biologic activity, with a differentiating, matrix-producing osteoblastic cell in vitro.
Stimuli-responsive surfactants (2013)

Recent progress in stimuli-responsive surfactants is reviewed, covering control of both interfaces and bulk solution properties. Particular attention is devoted to potential future directions and applications.
Hypercoagulability state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis and Haemostasis Group. (1994)

Since there is some clinical evidence that the clinical course of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be complicated by thrombosis in the pulmonary vessels, we studied whether a hypercoagulability state (HS) does occur in COPD. Plasma levels of prothrombin F1 + 2 fragment, a marker of thrombin generation, D-dimer, a marker of in vivo thrombin and plasmin activation, and fibrinogen were measured in 37 COPD patients and in 30 controls matched for sex and age. COPD patients had significantly higher values of F1 + 2 (p = 0.0001) and fibrinogen (p = 0.0005) than healthy subjects. The difference persisted after excluding smoking patients. F1 + 2 was not correlated with PaO2 (r = 0.02, p > 0.05) and PaCO2 (p = 0.12, p > 0.05). In six patients with stable COPD and F1 + 2 greater than 1.65 nM (mean + 2 SD of controls) subcutaneous calcium-heparin therapy (5000 IU t.i.d. for 15 days) significantly reduced F1 + 2 (p = 0.03) and PaCO2 (p = 0.01). This study shows that COPD patients have an ongoing prothrombotic state which could potentially account for thrombosis occurring in pulmonary vessels. The effect of calcium-heparin treatment on clotting system activation and blood gas may suggest this treatment as potential candidate for prospective study in COPD patients.
An auto‐calibrated, angularly continuous, two‐dimensional GRAPPA kernel for propeller trajectories (2008)

The k-space readout of propeller-type sequences may be accelerated by the use of parallel imaging (PI). For PROPELLER, the main benefits are reduced blurring due to T(2) decay and specific absorption ratio (SAR) reduction, whereas, for EPI-based propeller acquisitions, such as Turbo-PROP and short-axis readout propeller EPI (SAP-EPI), the faster k-space traversal alleviates geometric distortions. In this work, the feasibility of calculating a two-dimensional (2D) GRAPPA kernel on only the undersampled propeller blades themselves is explored, using the matching orthogonal undersampled blade. It is shown that the GRAPPA kernel varies slowly across blades; therefore, an angularly continuous 2D GRAPPA kernel is proposed, in which the angular variation of the weights is parameterized. This new angularly continuous kernel formulation greatly increases the numerical stability of the GRAPPA weight estimation, allowing for generation of fully sampled diagnostic quality images using only the undersampled propeller data.
Integration of Neural Heuristics into Knowledge-based Inference (1989)

Abstract The rule base and the inference engine of a knowledge-based system are transformed into a kind of neural network called a conceptualization network. An approach is presented that generalizes the backpropagation teaming rule of the neural-network approach such that it can effectively deal with errors in conceptualization networks, which are often multilayered and involve logic conjunction. The idea is to use hill-climbing search where the backpropagation rule falls short because the transfer function is not differentiable. When the generalized backpropagation rule is applied to a conceptualization network which has been constrained by initial correct knowledge, incorrect rules can be recognized. Experiments in a practical domain have demonstrated that the approach can satisfactorily conduct credit and blame assignment for rules which may involve intermediate concepts and logic conjunction. Effective removal of incorrect rules with significant improvement of the system performance has been observed. KEYWORDS: Knowledge-based systemsneural networksbackpropagationcredit and blame assignmentconceptualization networks.
Visible light communication using a solar-panel receiver (2017)

In this paper, a solar panel utilized as a photodetector with simultaneous energy harvesting is proposed in visible light communication (VLC). The solar cell is a self-styled passive device, which can convert optical signals into electrical signals. The generated energy can potentially be used to power user terminals or at least to prolong operation time. This work is an important step towards the future local area networks and vehicle to vehicle communication. In our proposed VLC system, a 3-W blue LED is as the light source and a low-cost solar panel is acted as the detector. A communication with a data rate of 15.03 Mbit/s and a bit error rate of 1.6883X 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is successfully achieved using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology over a 2-m air channel.
Thieme Chemistry Journal Awardees - Whereare They Now? Scope of Tyrosine O-Arylations with BoronicAcids: Optimized Synthesis of an Orthogonally Protected Isodityrosine (2009)

The Evans-Chan-Lam variant of the Ullman condensation has been explored to deliver O-arylated tyrosines and tyrosinyl peptides. Key modifications for success were the slow addition of boronic acids to the phenol-catalyst mixture. Selectivity and scope are investigated.
FBI’s communications surveillance capabilities widen (2000)

The US Government has established yet another national surveillance centre in northern Virginia’s burgeoning ‘Spy Tech Corridor’, a swath of hush-hush agencies extending from Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, to a hodgepodge of office complexes near Dulles Airport. Located in the pristine Westfields Office Park and a stone’s throw away from the super secret National Reconnaissance Office is the FBI’s ‘CALEA Implementation Section’. CALEA stands for the Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act.
Factors Associated With Pulseless Electric Activity Versus Ventricular Fibrillation (2010)

PEA cases had a significantly higher prevalence of syncope in their lifetime, with other correlates, including black race, that were distinct from VF cases. Potential mechanistic links between syncope and future manifestation with PEA warrant further exploration.
The Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Elective Colon Surgery (2013)

Infections at the surgical site continue to occur in as many as 20% of elective colon resection cases. Methods to reduce these infections are inconsistently applied. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the result of multiple interactive variables including the inoculum of bacteria that contaminate the site, the virulence of the contaminating microbes, and the local environment at the surgical site. These variables that promote infection are potentially offset by the effectiveness of the host defense. Reduction in the inoculum of bacteria is achieved by appropriate surgical site preparation, systemic preventive antibiotics, and use of mechanical bowel preparation in conjunction with the oral antibiotic bowel preparation. Intraoperative reduction of hematoma, necrotic tissue, foreign bodies, and tissue dead space will reduce infections. Enhancement of the host may be achieved by perioperative supplemental oxygenation, maintenance of normothermia, and glycemic control. These methods require additional research to identify optimum application. Uniform application of currently understood methods and continued research into new methods to reduce microbial contamination and enhancement of host responsiveness can lead to better outcomes.
Elevator scheduling system using blackboard architecture (1991)

The paper describes the use of the blackboard architecture for the traffic control of group automatic operation of elevators in a multistorey building. The performance of the elevator system is measured by two indicators: System Response Time and System Service Time. A blackboard system was implemented in Prolog and the opportunistic type of problem-solving offered by the blackboard architecture succeeded in obtaining a solution. Simulation results illustrating the operation of the blackboard system are presented.
A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of fluoxetine in trichotillomania (1991)

The short-term efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of trichotillomania was not demonstrated in this study.
Optical Through-Wafer Interconnects for 3D Hyper-Integration (2006)

We present the design, fabrication, and demonstration of optical through-wafer interconnects (TWIs). The interconnects were built using standard CMOS and MEMS fabrication processes.
High performance organic-inorganic hybrid barrier coating for encapsulation of OLEDs (2010)

UV curable cycloaliphatic epoxy functionalized oligosiloxane resin is synthesized by non-hydrolytic sol–gel reaction for application in encapsulation of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The physical and chemical properties of polymerized cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrid materials (hybrimers) are easily tunable by controlling the precursors. A single hybrimer coating on a PET film is optically transparent and shows low permeability of up to 0.68 g m−2 day−1 per mil measured by a Ca degradation test. It is found that the permeability is influenced by the siloxane and epoxy network density, and the surface energy of the coating. An optimized hybrimer barrier coated film is applied to the encapsulation of an OLED with the aim of extending life-time.