gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HUMAN MALIGNANT T CELLS AND B CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE (1980)

While some ADA deficient children suffer from combined immuno­ deficiency disease, in many cases it is the T cell related functions that are most severely impairedl . In previous studies, we noted a marked in vitro hypersensitivity of T leukemia cells to deoxy­ adenosine toxicity which appeared to faithfully reproduce the in vivo suppression of T cell development and function seen in ADA deficiency6. We therefore reasoned that one might be able to use human T leukemia cell lines for the in vitro analysis of potential T cell specific cytotoxic agents, as-;uggested by Ohnuma and co­ workers 7 . The purine nucleoside 9-B-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (ara-A) is an ADA substrate with anti-viral and cytotoxic properties, remarkably free of undesirable side effects at the usual therapeutic
Effect of Steroid on Oyster-IV (1969)

1. The effect of estradiol-17β on the sexual maturation was studied, using the female Japanese common oysters, Crassostrea gigas. 2. This steroid was found to be capable of accelerating the sexual maturation.
Image recovery and segmentation using competitive learning in a computational network (1992)

In this study, the principle of competitive learning is used to develop an iterative algorithm for image recovery and segmentation, within the framework of Markov Random Fields (MRF). the image recovery problem is transformed to the problem of minimization of an energy function. A local update rule for each pixel point is then developed in a stepwise fashion and is shown to be a gradient descent rule for an associated global energy function. Relationship of the update rule to Kohonens update rule is shown. Quantitative measures of edge preservation and edge enhancement for synthetic images are introduced. Simulation experiments using this algorithm on real and synthetic images show promising results on smoothing within regions and also on enhancing the boundaries.\n\nRestoration results are compared with recently published results using the mean field approximation. Segmentation results using the proposed approach are compared with edge detection using fractal dimension, edge detection using mean field approximation, and edge detection using the Sobel operator. Edge points obtained by using these techniques are combined to produce edge maps which include both hard and soft edges.
Cell Motility Probed by Noise Analysis of Thickness Shear Mode Resonators (2006)

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique is an emerging bioanalytical tool to study the behavior of animal cells in vitro. Due to the high interfacial sensitivity of thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators it is possible to monitor the formation and breakage of cell-matrix interactions and changes in viscoelasticity of the cell bodies, as well as minute cell volume alterations by the time course of their resonance frequency even with millisecond time resolution. We found that mammalian MDCK-II cells grown on TSM resonators impose characteristic fluctuations on the resonance frequency, which are a quantitative indicator for dynamic activities of the cells on the surface and report on their vitality and motility. Applying noise analysis to the fluctuating resonance frequency allows one to quantify the response of the cells to environmental changes such as osmotic stress, addition of fixation reagents, or the influence of drugs such as cytochalasin D. The corresponding power density spectra of the noise imposed on the resonance frequency by the dynamic activities of the cells show a characteristic resonance at 1-2 Hz, which can be substantially altered by osmotic stress, fixation agents, or cytochalasin D. Comparison of QCM-based fluctuation readings with electric cell--substrate impedance sensing (ECIS)--a well-established technique to monitor cell dynamics-provides substantially different results, indicating that both techniques may complement each other with respect to their biological information. Whereas ECIS readings report solely on cell shape changes, QCM-based fluctuation analysis is also influenced by fluctuations in the viscoelasticity of the cell bodies.
Multiobjective Optimization Scheduling Based on Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm in Cascaded Hydroelectric Stations (2005)

The multi-objective fuzzy optimal method based on the fuzzified optimal solutions of single objectives need not list all non-inferior solution sets, which can optimize directly objectives in value area of variables. This method can reflect the interrelation between individual objective optimal solutions and multi-objective optimal solution. On the basis of fundamental principle of multi-objective fuzzy optimization and genetic algorithm, combing with the concept of objective relative subject degree, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for the hydroelectric power system with contradictory objectives. The proposal method considers the satisfied degree of various characters and contradictory objectives and seeks an appropriate optimized solution to make each objective optimal as possible considering each objective comprehensively. The simulation results of example show that the fuzzy genetic algorithm is an effective method for multi-objective optimization problem in the cascaded hydroelectric plants.
Laser dye structures and synonyms (1980)

Laser dyes are organic chemicals whose systematic names are lengthy and confusing. Other names-some jargon, some trade-have come into everyday use, but there is no consistency, and sometimes research workers will have dyes from different suppliers that are identical in structure although different in name. This paper tabulates laser dyes by a characteristic identification number.
X-ray diffraction and reflectivity characterization of SiGe superlattice structures (1992)

The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of both X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity in the structural characterization of semiconductor structures. By combining information from both techniques the abruptness of the interfaces for Si1-xGex structures, with x=0.1-0.57, may be determined. For superlattice structures with x<0.3 both types of interface were found to have a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.5+or-0.3 nm. For a Si/Si0.45Ge0.55 superlattice structure the interfaces are found to have differing roughnesses. For the SiGe-on-Si interface the RMS roughness is found to be 0.5+or-0.2 nm; however, the Si-on-SiGe interface has a larger value of roughness, 1.0+or-0.3 nm. This roughness at the Si-on-SiGe interface is found to be dependent on the Ge content of the layer and it is shown by transmission electron microscopy analysis to be long ranged (about 70 nm) and wavy at the interface.
Gipsreduktion mit Kohlenstoff. Rahmenbedingungen für die Verwertung mineralischer Reststoffe mit Sulfatgehalt und potenzielle Einsatzstoffe für ein GRC-Verfahren (2006)

Gypsum scrap and gypsum-containing waste arises when buildings are demolished. In case disposal on landfills of such kind of waste is restricted or forbidden to prevent undesired reactions with sulfate ions, disposal or recycling alternatives have to be identified. One possible option is to reduce gypsum waste to sulfur dioxide and to simultaneously produce cement. The sulfur dioxide may be refined subsequently to further high-value products, such as sulfuric acid. This process is known as Muller-Kuhne process or Gypsum Sulfuric Acid Process. A modification and further development of the technology is the concept of Gypsum Reduction with Carbon (GRC) analysed here. Under the present project, the boundary conditions of the GRC process are analysed. The main input and output materials are investigated considering different process layouts. An economically efficient operation of a GRC-plant is envisaged by receiving revenues for the waste input material and selling the high-value products on the market. The assessment of the process concept therefore includes an analysis of the availability of input material for conversion, the sales potentials of the products, cement and sulfuric acid, and of future trends of input and output material flows. Both waste legislation and environmental aspects are considered.
Adaptive Game-Theoretic Decision Making for Autonomous Vehicle Control at Roundabouts (2018)

In this paper, we propose a decision making algorithm for autonomous vehicle control at a roundabout intersection. The algorithm is based on a game-theoretic model representing the interactions between the ego vehicle and an opponent vehicle, and adapts to an online estimated driver type of the opponent vehicle. Simulation results are reported.
Hotelling's T2 multivariate profiling for detecting differential expression in microarrays (2005)

The most widely used statistical methods for finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are essentially univariate. In this study, we present a new T(2) statistic for analyzing microarray data. We implemented our method using a multiple forward search (MFS) algorithm that is designed for selecting a subset of feature vectors in high-dimensional microarray datasets. The proposed T2 statistic is a corollary to that originally developed for multivariate analyses and possesses two prominent statistical properties. First, our method takes into account multidimensional structure of microarray data. The utilization of the information hidden in gene interactions allows for finding genes whose differential expressions are not marginally detectable in univariate testing methods. Second, the statistic has a close relationship to discriminant analyses for classification of gene expression patterns. Our search algorithm sequentially maximizes gene expression difference/distance between two groups of genes. Including such a set of DEGs into initial feature variables may increase the power of classification rules. We validated our method by using a spike-in HGU95 dataset from Affymetrix. The utility of the new method was demonstrated by application to the analyses of gene expression patterns in human liver cancers and breast cancers. Extensive bioinformatics analyses and cross-validation of DEGs identified in the application datasets showed the significant advantages of our new algorithm.
Home network security (2002)

Telcordia has submitted proposals to standards bodies for the specification of two easily implemented security services, SSL/TLS and IPSec, that can provide a substantial defense for the home. We show how these services would be implemented in both user devices on the home network and in the residential gateway, and describe the cooperation that would be necessary to effect home network security.
The Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene (2003)

The photopolymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (1) was investigated using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy. The effects of photoinitiator structure and concentration and light intensity on the photopolymerization were investigated. Monomer 1 was found to be more reactive than its saturated analog, 1,2-epoxybutene, and its halogenated derivatives, 3,4-dibromo-1,2-epoxybutane and 3,4-dichloro-1,2-epoxybutane.
Abstracting Anonymization Techniques: A Prerequisite for Selecting a Generalization Algorithm (2015)

The recent buzz around open data highlighted the crucial problem of anonymization in the context of data publishing. Many research efforts were devoted to the definition of techniques performing such an anonymization. However the selection of the most relevant technique and the adequate algorithm is complex. Successful decision depends firstly on the ability of data publishers to understand the anonymization techniques and their associated algorithms. In this paper, we focus on the choice of an algorithm among the different ones implementing one of the anonymization techniques, namely generalization. Through an abstraction process presented in this paper, we provide data publishers with simplified descriptions for the generalization technique and its algorithms. These descriptions facilitate the understanding of the algorithms by data publishers having low programing skills. We present also some other use cases of these abstractions as well as an experimentation conducted to validate them.
Boric Acid / Glycerol as an Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of Thiomorpholine 1,1-Dioxide by Double Michael Addition Reaction in Water (2012)

Abstract Thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxides were prepared with double Michael addition reaction of aromatic amines to divinyl sulfone catalyzed by boric acid / glycerol in water. This catalyst system was also used for the Michael addition reaction of aromatic amines to electron-deficient alkenes. The reaction is simple and green and gives good to excellent yields.
A space-efficient short-finding algorithm [VLSI layouts] (1994)

A common method of locating electrical shorts in VLSI layouts is to build a connectivity graph of the shorted net and then find the shortest path between the two offending signals. The memory requirement of this method is proportional to the size of the net, which can be quite large. This paper presents a dynamic graph construction algorithm that significantly reduces the peak memory requirement. The algorithmic framework allows continuous trade-offs between run times and memory requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Molecular Dynamics Study of a Model Nanoparticle Embedded in a Polymer Matrix (2003)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to examine the structure and dynamics of a system containing an inorganic nanoparticle embedded in a polymer matrix. This paper represents a preliminary investigation into the feasibility of examining such relatively large systems using atomistic modeling techniques. No attempt is made here to model any specific system. A generic linear polymer “united-atom” model is first created in an amorphous phase before the insertion of an atomistically detailed silica nanoparticle of diameter ∼4.4 nm. A novel method to insert a nanoparticle into a polymer matrix is given. The entire system is contained in a standard periodic simulation cell of side length ∼10 nm. The volume fraction of silica corresponded to ∼4.5%. The composite system was subsequently relaxed at 300 K and at two different pressures using standard MD techniques, the gmq suite of programs being used for this purpose. Results are presented regarding the variation of the structure and dynamics of the system with respect to the distance from the polymer−nanoparticle interface and as a function of pressure. A clear structuring of the polymer chains around the nanoparticle is seen with prominent first and second peaks in the radial density function and a concurrent development of preferred chain orientation. The probability of trans conformers is also higher close to the interface and shows a distinct gradient. In contrast, evidence for chain immobilization is less obvious overall although dynamic properties are more sensitive to changes in the pressure. Comparisons are also made between the bulk moduli of the pure polymer and composite systems.
High-performance metadata indexing and search in petascale data storage systems (2008)

Large-scale storage systems used for scientific applications can store petabytes of data and billions of files, making the organization and management of data in these systems a difficult, time-consuming task. The ability to search file metadata in a storage system can address this problem by allowing scientists to quickly navigate experiment data and code while allowing storage administrators to gather the information they need to properly manage the system. In this paper, we present Spyglass, a file metadata search system that achieves scalability by exploiting storage system properties, providing the scalability that existing file metadata search tools lack. In doing so, Spyglass can achieve search performance up to several thousand times faster than existing database solutions. We show that Spyglass enables important functionality that can aid data management for scientists and storage administrators.
On the structure of queries in constraint query languages (2002)

We study the structure of first-order and second-order queries over constraint databases. Constraint databases are formally modeled as finite relational structures embedded in some fixed infinite structure. We concentrate on problems of elimination of constraints, reducing quantification range to the active domain of the database and obtaining new complexity bounds. We show that for a large class of signatures, including real arithmetic constraints, unbounded quantification can be eliminated. That is, one can transform a sentence containing unrestricted quantification over the infinite universe to get an equivalent sentence in which quantifiers range over the finite relational structure. We use this result to get a new complexity upper bound on the evaluation of real arithmetic constraints. We also expand upon techniques for getting upper bounds on the expressiveness of constraint query languages, and apply it to a number of first-order and second-order query languages.
Immunotherapy of Hematologic Malignancy (2003)

Over the past few years, improved understanding of the molecular basis of interactions between antigen presenting cells and effector cells and advances in informatics have both led to the identification of many candidate antigens that are targets for immunotherapy. However, while immunotherapy has successfully eradicated relapsed hematologic malignancy after allogeneic transplant as well as virally induced tumors, limitations have been identified in extending immunotherapy to a wider range of hematologic malignancies. This review provides an overview of three immunotherapy strategies and how they may be improved. In Section I, Dr. Stevenson reviews the clinical experience with genetic vaccines delivered through naked DNA alone or viral vectors, which are showing promise in clinical trials in lymphoma and myeloma patients. She describes efforts to manipulate constructs genetically to enhance immunogenicity and to add additional elements to generate a more sustained immune response. In Section II, Dr. Molldrem describes clinical experience with peptide vaccines, with a particular focus on myeloid tissue-restricted proteins as GVL target antigens in CML and AML. Proteinase 3 and other azurophil granule proteins may be particularly good targets for both autologous and allogeneic T-cell responses. The potency of peptide vaccines may potentially be increased by genetically modifying peptides to enhance T-cell receptor affinity. Finally, in Section III, Dr. Heslop reviews clinical experience with adoptive immunotherapy with T cells. Transferred T cells have clinical benefit in treating relapsed malignancy post transplant, and Epstein-Barr virus associated tumors. However, T cells have been less successful in treating other hematologic malignancies due to inadequate persistence or expansion of adoptively transferred cells and the presence of tumor evasion mechanisms. An improved understanding of the interactions of antigen presenting cells with T cells should optimize efforts to manufacture effector T cells, while manipulation of lymphocyte homeostasis in vivo and development of gene therapy approaches may enhance the persistence and function of adoptively transferred T cells.
Chemopreventive Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Corydalis Plants (2001)

Eighteen isoquinoline alkaloids including protoberberines (1-12), benzophenanthridines (13-16) and an aporphine (17) isolated from plants of Corydalis species (Fumariaceae) were tested for inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in Raji cells. In a primary screening test, all of the isoquinoline alkaloids showed inhibitory activity with the IC50 values being in the range of 140-410 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. The data demonstrate that these isoquinoline alkaloids might be valuable as anti-tumor promoters.
Rheological behavior of two‐ and three‐phase fiber suspensions (1994)

Abstract The rheology of two polyamide 6.6 systems filled with long glass fibers, as well as at of a three‐phase polyamide 6.6‐glass fiber‐gas bubble system, was studied using capillary rheometry, To investigate the influence of fiber concentration, the shear and extensional viscosities were determined for both 30 and 40 vol% fiber filled suspensions as well as for the base polymer. Comparison revealed a modest increase in both the shear and extensional viscosities with increased fiber fraction. The shear viscosities, η s , of both suspensions are shown to be close to one order of magnitude greater than the base matrix fluid viscosity, η. However, the extensional viscosities, η E , of the suspensions are determined to be approximately four orders of magnitude greater than the shear viscosity of the matrix fluid for strain rates from 10 0 s −1 to 10 2 s −1 . The addition of a gas bubble phase to the neat polymer and polymer‐fiber suspensions was accomplished through the decomposition of various percentages of an azodicarbonamide blowing agent. The presence gas bubbles resulted in reduced shear and extensional viscosities for both the neat and fiber‐filled polyamide with greater reductions observed for the neat polyamide. Greater viscosity reductions were observed as the blowing agent centration was increased.
Computer system performance problem detection using time series models (1993)

Computer systems require monitoring to detect performance anomalies such as runaway processes, but problem detection and diagnosis is a complex task requiring skilled attention. Although human attention was never ideal for this task, as networks of computers grow larger and their interactions more complex, it falls far short. Existing computer-aided management systems require the administrator manually to specify fixed trouble thresholds. In this paper we report on an expert system that automatically sets thresholds, and detects and diagnoses performance problems on a network of Unix computers. Key to the success and scalability of this system are the time series models we developed to model the variations in workload on each host. Analysis of the load average records of 50 machines yielded models which show, for workstations with simulated problem injection, false positive and negative rates of less than 1%. The server machines most difficult to model still gave average false positive/negative rates of only 6%/32%. Observed values exceeding the expected range for a particular host cause the expert system to focus on that machine. There it applies tools with finer resolution and more discrimination, including per-command profiles gleaned from process accounting records. It makes one of 18 specific diagnoses and notifies the administrator, and optionally the user [a].
Joint symbol timing and CFO estimation in multiuser OFDM/OQAM systems (2009)

In this paper we consider the problem of data-aided synchronization in the up-link of a multiple access (MA) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). In particular, the joint maximum-likelihood (ML) phase offset, carrier-frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing (ST) estimator exploiting a short known preamble embedded in the burst received from each of U users is considered. Under the assumption that the CFO of each user is sufficiently small the considered approach leads to U different approximate ML (AML) joint phase offset, CFO and ST estimators. Specifically, the phase and CFO estimators are in closed form while the AML ST estimator requires a one-dimensional maximization procedure. The performance of the proposed joint AML estimator is assessed via computer simulations both in AWGN and multipath channel, and for three different allocation schemes.