gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops (2008)

Use of appropriate harvest management can minimize the yield loss of crucifer crops due to seed and pod shattering. This study determined the difference among five canola/mustard species in the degree of resistance to seed shattering and yield losses. Sinapis alba yellow mustard AC Base, Brassica juncea canola Amulet, Brassica juncea mustard Cutlass, Brassica rapa canola Hysyn, and Brassica napus canola InVigor 2663 were grown at Star City, Scott and Swift Current, SK, from 2004 to 2006. Seed yield was highest for napus canola (2146 kg ha -1 ), followed by juncea mustard (1971 kg ha -1 ) and juncea and rapa canola, while alba mustard (1547 kg ha -1 ) was the lowest. Straight combining compared with swathing resulted in 13% greater seed yield for juncea canola and juncea mustard, and 7% greater for rapa canola, while napus canola did not show yield difference between the two operation regimes. Under high shattering conditions, juncea mustard shed about 400 pods m -2 , significantly greater than the four other species. Rapa canola had the lowest number of shed pods. Juncea mustard and napus canola had largest yield loss (about 7% of the total seed yield) during straight combining, followed by alba mustard (5%), and rapa and juncea canola (< 4%). Selection of shattering resistant species and use of straight combining can minimize seed yield losses in the production of crucifer oilseed crops. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, swathing, straight–combine
An unsupervised approach to language identification (1999)

This paper presents an unsupervised approach to automatic language identification (ALI) based on vowel system modeling. Each language vowel system is modeled by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) trained with automatically detected vowels. Since this detection is unsupervised and language independent, no labeled data are required. GMMs are initialized using an efficient data-driven variant of the LBG algorithm: the LBG-Rissanen (1983) algorithm. With 5 languages from the OGI MLTS corpus and in a close set identification task, we reach 79% of correct identification using only the vowel segments detected in 45 second duration utterances for the male speakers.
Studies on Condenced Phosphates Containing Nitrogen. I-II. I. Formation of Ammonium Polyphosphate (1963)

リン酸と尿素を混合し140～160℃で加熱反応させると, 尿素の熱分解とリン酸の縮重合が起り, 重合リン酸アンモニウムAmmoniuium polyphosphate(以下APPと記す)と副生成物としてシアヌール酸を生成する。反応生成物を水に溶解して水に難溶性なシアヌール酸をロ別したのち, 母液にエチルアルコールを加えてAPPを析出させ, ロ別乾燥したものについてアンモニア, リンの分析, ぺーパークロマトグラフ分析, 赤外吸収スペクトルによる同定を行なった。さらにリン酸の濃度と生成するAPPの鎖長の関係, リン酸とチオ尿素の反応, 水酸基を有するリン酸塩と尿素の反応についても検討した。その結果, 1)リン酸にオルトリン酸を使った場合にはオルトリン酸塩組成のものからペーパークロマトグラフでは展開されえない高鎖長のA P P のものまでが, またポリリン酸を使った場合にはそのほとんどがペーパークロマトグラフでは展開されえない高鎖長のA P P を生成した。2)チオ尿素はリン酸中で尿素と同じ挙動を示し,APPを生成する。3)水酸基を有するリン酸二水素ナトリウム,リン酸二水素カリウムも尿素によって重合反応を起し重合リン酸塩を生成することがわかった。
Alkaline aqueous electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries: an overview (2016)

New applications and emerging markets in electromobility and large-scale stationary energy storage require the development of new electrochemical systems with higher energy density than current batteries. Rechargeable metal–air batteries, mainly lithium–air and zinc–air systems, are considered one of the most promising candidates. In contrast to lithium, zinc is abundant, inexpensive and its electrodeposition in aqueous electrolytes is relatively easy. Unfortunately, achieving a rechargeable zinc–air battery is still hindered by various technical problems related to the reversibility and lifetime of the electrodes. The most widely used electrolyte in zinc–air batteries has been the classical aqueous alkaline. In this context and with the main objective of providing a complete overview, we studied a wide number of articles starting from the beginning of the development of secondary zinc–air batteries (1970–1980s) to more recent works, with the aim of compiling all available information. It is essential to revise older papers to find relevant information that may get otherwise forgotten and not taken into account to develop new solutions. This information could also be applied in other storage systems based on zinc as nickel–zinc, zinc hybrid or zinc-ion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low thyroid-stimulating hormone as an independent risk factor for Alzheimer disease (2004)

Lowered TSH within the normal range is a risk factor for AD, independent of several cerebrovascular risk factors and confounding variables.
The Role of Cleavage of the Light Chain at Positions Arg1689 or Arg1721 in Subunit Interaction and Activation of Human Blood Coagulation Factor VIII (1995)

The role of Factor VIII light chain cleavage in Factor VIII activation and subunit interaction was investigated. Purified Factor VIII was dissociated into its separate subunits, and the isolated light chain was cleaved by thrombin at position Arg1689 or by Factor Xa at position Arg1721. These Factor VIII light chain derivatives then were used for reconstitution with purified Factor VIII heavy chain to obtain heterodimers that were exclusively cleaved within the light chain. Intact and cleaved light chain could effectively be reassociated with heavy chain, with concomitant regain of Factor VIII cofactor function. The association rate constant of Factor Xa-cleaved light chain was found to be 3-fold lower than that of thrombin-cleaved or intact light chain, suggesting a role of the region Ser1690-Arg1721 in subunit assembly. Dissociation rate constants, however, were independent of Factor VIII light chain cleavage. Low ionic strength was observed to promote association but to destabilize the Factor VIII heterodimer. At high ionic strength, Factor VIII dissociation was extremely slow (kappa off approximately 10(-5) s-1) for all Factor VIII light chain derivatives, indicating that Factor VIII light chain cleavage is not related to Factor VIII dissociation. Furthermore, Factor VIII light chain cleavage does not affect enzyme-cofactor assembly, since the various light chain derivatives proved equally efficient in binding to Factor IXa (Kd approximately 15 nM). Studies in a purified Factor X-activating system demonstrated that thrombin and Factor Xa activate Factor VIII to the same extent. However, Factor Xa differed from thrombin in that it cleaved at Arg1721 rather than at Arg1689. Reassociated heterodimers of Factor VIII heavy chain and intact light chain did not promote Factor X activation. In contrast, heterodimers that contained cleaved light chain exhibited substantial Factor VIIIa activity. These data demonstrate that a single cleavage at either Arg1689 or Arg1721 converts the inactive Factor VIII heterodimer into an active cofactor of Factor IXa.
Optimal detection, classification, and superposition resolution in neural waveform recordings (1993)

The effects of noise autocorrelation on neural waveform recognition (detection, classification, and superposition resolution) are investigated in this study using microelectrode recordings from the cortex of a monkey. Optimal waveform recognition is accomplished by passing the data through a whitening filter before matched filtering for detection or template matching for classification and superposition resolution. Template matching without whitening requires about 40% higher signal-to-noise ratio than template matching with whitening for comparable classification and superposition resolution. The comparable difference for detection is 15%.
Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion A Biomechanical Study (1984)

The effects of spinal fusion on fused segment and the adjacent, unfused segments play a significant role in the clinical effectiveness of spinal fusion for low-back pain with or without sciatica. Much of the information on this important subject is derived from clinical impressions. The purpose of this biomechanical study is to investigate the altered kinematics and biomechanics of the three different types of spinal fusion (posterior, bilateral-lateral, and anterior) on the adjacent, unfused segment as well as within the fused segment and to investigate their clinical implications. Sixteen fresh human cadaver lumbosacral spines were tested under a simulated physiologic loading condition. The test specimens included three motion segments, L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1. To study the mechanics of the lumbar spine under combined compression and bending loads, a special apparatus was designed. These loads were applied by an MTS machine through two sets of pulley systems. The loads, as well as displacement data from both actuators, were recorded. A video camera system was utilized to record the kinematics of the spinal motion segment. The unfused specimen was tested first, and the fused specimen then was retested under the identical loading conditions. A total of 16 spine specimens were tested and evaluated--five posterior, four bilateral-lateral, and seven anterior fusions. All types of fusion resulted in increased bending and axial stiffnesses. Overall, anterior fusion provided the largest increase in stiffness, followed by bilateral-lateral fusion and posterior fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tight-binding Hamiltonians for Sr-filled ruthenates: Application to the gap anisotropy and Hall coefficient in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">RuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2000)

Accurate orthogonal tight-binding Hamiltonians are constructed for ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ and the layered perovskite superconductor, ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ by fitting to all-electron full-potential local density band structures obtained by the linearized augmented plane-wave method. These Hamiltonians allow the band structure to be computed on very fine meshes in the Brillouin zone at low cost, and additionally have an analytic form for band velocities, while retaining the accuracy of the full-potential electronic structure calculations. This greatly facilitates calculation of transport and superconducting parameters related to the fermiology. These features are exploited to calculate the Hall coefficient and vortex lattice geometry for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ with fine integration meshes. We find the upper limit for the interband order parameter anisotropy to be compatible with the observed square geometry. We also find that the sign reversal of the Hall coefficient can be explained in a conventional way if the bands are shifted by a few mRy so as to match the experimental de Haas--van Alphen areas exactly, and the temperature dependence of the relaxation time is strongly dependent on the band character.
The insulin-like growth factor system: IGFs, IGF-binding proteins and IGFBP-proteases (2005)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I/-II) are not only the endocrine mediators of growth hormone-induced metabolic and anabolic actions but also polypeptides that act in a paracrine and autocrine manner to regulate cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and transformation. The IGF system is a complex network comprised of two growth factors (IGF-I and -II), cell surface receptors (IGF-IR and -IIR), six specific high affinity binding proteins (IGFBP-I to IGFBP-6), IGFBP proteases as well as several other IGFBP-interacting molecules, which regulate and propagate IGF actions in several tissues. Besides their broad-spectrum physiological and pathophysiological functions, recent evidence suggests even a link between IGFs and different malignancies.
Effects of temperature and coating speed on the morphology of solution-sheared halide perovskite thin-films (2018)

Different phases of morphology form with a delicate balance between the supersaturation rate and rate of solution supply to the meniscus.
Use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Practical Method of Investigating the Formation of Aggregates in Aqueous Solutions of Dyes and Surfactants (2011)

Molecular aggregation plays a key role in the physicochemical properties of dyes and surfactants. In this work, we show that electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides a practical method for the investigation of processes such as micellization in surfactants and dye dimerization. The electrical characterization of the structural phase transitions associated with aggregation events in these systems allows an accurate and direct determination of relevant parameters such as the corresponding critical concentrations for micelle formation and dimerization of these types of molecules, without the need of recurring to the use of auxiliary probe or reporter molecules. Because of its competitive advantages with respect to currently used methods (such as conductimetry and spectroscopic techniques), we argue that when implemented along the procedures described in this work, EIS becomes a simple and convenient technique for the characterization of aggregation processes in soft matter.
Identification of impact force and location using distributed sensors (1996)

An impact load identification method using distributed built-in sensors for detecting foreign object impact is proposed. The identification system consists of a system model and a response comparator. The system model characterizes the dynamic response of the structure subject to a known impact force. The comparator compares the measured sensor outputs with the estimated measurements from the model and predicts the location and force history of the impact. The method has been developed for beams containing distributed piezoelectric sensors. The identification system was tested using simulated conditions. For all of the cases considered, the estimation errors fell well within the prespecified limit.
Current and Future Trials of the EORTC Brain Tumor Group (2004)

The EORTC Brain Tumor Group (BTG) is dedicated to clinical research of neoplasms of the brain. In the past years the BTG has carried out phase II and phase III trials on glial tumors, brain metastases and primary CNS lymphomas. Future studies will investigate novel drugs in combination with chemo-radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme, radiotherapy in meningioma, and chemotherapy in medulloblastoma. The BTG will also start a new phase III trial on newly diagnosed low-grade glioma comparing radiotherapy to temozolomide. In all our trials translational research is getting more and more important, often this is one of the most important ways to get useful conclusions from clinical trials. The wide recognition of the importance of translational research for clinical trials and in particular with targeted therapies implies that this type of research will become a mandatory element in many of our future trials.
A design scheme of cognitive LTE-A radio network (2013)

According to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) protocol, in this paper, we present a design scheme of cognitive network based on LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) system architecture and radio air interface. It introduces the functionality and principle of the network framework in detail, including the non-authority user's procedure of service request and the design of signaling sequence. The presented scheme has the ability to make LTE-A system achieve higher spectrum efficiency and network resources utilization.
Microbial Water Treatment: An Alternative Treatment to Manage Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Activity, Corrosion, Scale, Oxygen, and Oil Carry-Over at Wilmington Oil Field - Wilmington, CA (1998)

Abstract Injection water is commonly treated with chemical biocides, corrosion and scale inhibitors, and oxygen scavengers, to name a few. Without treatment, iron sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, iron oxide, and other impurities will form, precipitate and damage unprotected surface equipment and lines and plug injection wells. In many cases, acid, xylene and even coiled tubing are required to restore injectivity. Although traditional chemical treatments can be effective in many cases they are not "worker friendly". This paper will present the results of an ongoing, worker and environmentally safe, lower- cost alternative-Microbial Water Treatment (MWT). A discussion of treatment mechanics, strategies and evaluation are presented along with past and current results of the successful 310,000 barrel per day MWT program at the Wilmington Oil Field. P. 435
Analytical and experimental investigation of 90 degrees supersonic turning passages suitable for supersonic compressors or turbines (1949)

"Four 90 degree two-dimensional turning passages designed by the method of characteristics were tested at an inlet Mach number of 1.71. The measured losses varied from 5 to 15 percent of the inlet stagnation pressure. The smallest loss was obtained for a passage in which separation on the convex surface was minimized through the introduction of a favorable pressure gradient" (p. 1).
Stem cells stat, please! (2003)

not cure MCD.Rather, as with MCD responses following splenectomy or excision of a lymph node mass, 4 rituximab reduces the burden of KSHV-infected cells and B-cell growth factors, particularly IL-10.More experience in treating MCD with rituximab is needed before it can be considered the standard of care.
TRIBOLOGICAL ACTION AND OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES REGARDING MQL MACHINING FLUIDS (2006)

ABSTRACT As an optimal fluid for MQL machining, this paper introduces some synthetic polyol esters having the high biodegradability, excellent oxidation stability and satisfactory cutting performance. The fundamental investigation demonstrates synthetic esters possess the preferable adsorption ability on to the freshly cut metal surfaces and this ability can be enhanced by surrounding oxygen. This may result in effective lubricating film formation and is probably in close connection with their satisfactory MQL cutting performance. A multifunctional fluid, which is applicable to both machining and other lubricating parts of machine tools, is further developed based on the synthetic ester for MQL machining.
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, ZO-1 downregulation and tight junction disruption<i>via</i>a TNF-α-regulated mechanism (2013)

Altered serum TNF-α levels play an important role in the ability of BM MSCs to protect against intestinal I/R injury.
Phase change material based tunable reflectarray for free-space optical inter/intra chip interconnects (2014)

The concept of phase change material (PCM) based optical antennas and antenna arrays is proposed for dynamic beam shaping and steering utilized in free-space optical inter/intra chip interconnects. The essence of this concept lies in the fact that the behaviour of PCM based optical antennas will change due to the different optical properties of the amorphous and crystalline state of the PCM. By engineering optical antennas or antenna arrays, it is feasible to design dynamic optical links in a desired manner. In order to illustrate this concept, a PCM based tunable reflectarray is proposed for a scenario of a dynamic optical link between a source and two receivers. The designed reflectarray is able to switch the optical link between two receivers by switching the two states of the PCM. Two types of antennas are employed in the proposed tunable reflectarray to achieve full control of the wavefront of the reflected beam. Numerical studies show the expected binary beam steering at the optical communication wavelength of 1.55 μm. This study suggests a new research area of PCM based optical antennas and antenna arrays for dynamic optical switching and routing.
Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase (1973)

When hemolyzates from erythrocytes of selenium-deficient rats were incubated in vitro in the presence of ascorbate or H(2)O(2), added glutathione failed to protect the hemoglobin from oxidative damage. This occurred because the erythrocytes were practically devoid of glutathione-peroxidase activity. Extensively purified preparations of glutathione peroxidase contained a large part of the (75)Se of erythrocytes labeled in vivo. Many of the nutritional effects of selenium can be explained by its role in glutathione peroxidase.
A Simple Voltage Sensorless Active Damping Scheme for Three-Phase PWM Converters With an $LCL$ Filter (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Active three-phase pulsewidth-modulated rectifiers are connected to the grid by an inductance or an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$LCL$</tex> </formula> filter. Although an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $LCL$</tex> </formula> filter is more effective since it more efficiently attenuates the switching harmonics, it causes stability problems. To enable a stable operation, either a damping resistor or an active damping (AD) algorithm has to be used. However, while a damping resistor causes additional losses, an AD algorithm usually requires extra sensors. To avoid these disadvantages, this paper shows simulation and experimental results of a simple ac voltage sensorless AD solution that is suitable for industrial applications. </para>
Effect of Phosphorothioated Oligonucleotides on Neointima Formation in the Rat Carotid Artery (1997)

Several studies have shown that single-dose administration of agents that inhibit medial cell replication, such as antisense oligonucleotides to cell replication genes, can inhibit neointima formation after arterial injury. However, the precise mechanism of action of these agents is unknown. We analyzed the effect of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides delivered periadventitially on the response to injury in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-myc suppressed medial replication 2 days after injury, but this effect was not present at 4 or 14 days. Endothelial cell proliferation was not affected by antisense oligonucleotides. There was, however, a significant suppression of intimal area and intima/media ratio at 14 days and an increase in lumen area in the antisense-treated group. Indeed, an increase in the number of medial cells at 14 days in the antisense group indicated that most of the effect of the agent was due to the suppression that most of the effect of the agent was due to the suppression of cell migration. No effect was noted on expression of two genes, osteopontin and tropoelastin, used as markers of modulation of smooth muscle cells to a "neonatal" phenotype at 4 days after injury. Because no effect on cell proliferation could be demonstrated after 2 days, our data indicate that an early effect of the antisense agent mediates its longer-term effects. We suggest that this effect may be due to the suppression of migration of medial smooth muscle cells rather than the suppression of medial or intimal cell proliferation.
On the performance of semi-blind subspace-based channel estimation (2000)

This paper is devoted to the analysis of a "semi-blind" estimation framework in which the standard least-squares estimator (based on a known training sequence) is enhanced by using the statistical structure of the observations. More specifically, we consider the case of a general time-division multiple access (TDMA) frame-based receiver equipped with multiple sensors and restrict our attention to second order based subspace methods that are suitable for most standard communication applications due to their moderate computational cost. The semi-blind channel estimator is obtained as a regularized least-squares solution where a blind subspace criterion plays the role of the regularization constraint. The main contribution of the paper consists of showing by asymptotic analysis how to optimally tune the balance between the blind criterion and the least-squares fit, depending on the design parameters of the system. Simulations show that the proposed solutions are robust and significantly improve the efficiency of the equalization.