gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Time Integration of Emulation and Parallel Simulation (2012)

A high fidelity testbed for large-scale system analysis requires emulation to represent the execution of critical software, and simulation to model an extensive ensemble of background computation and communication. We leverage prior work showing that large numbers of virtual environments may be emulated on a single host, and that the time stamped interactions between them can be mapped to virtual time, and we leverage existing work on simulation of large-scale communication networks. The present paper brings these concepts together, marrying the scale emulation framework OpenVZ (modified earlier to operate in virtual time) with a scalable network simulator S3F. Our algorithmic contributions lay in the design and management of virtual time as it transitions from emulation, to simulation, and back. In particular, inescapable uncertainties in emulation behavior force us to explicitly set and reset timestamps so as to avoid either emulator or simulator having to deal with a packet arriving in its logical past. We provide analytic bounds and empirical evidence that the error introduced in resetting timestamps is small. Finally, we present a case-study using this capability, of a cyber-attack with the smart power grid communication infrastructure.
Environmental degradation of the insect growth regulator methoprene(isopropyl(2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate). I. Metabolism by alfalfa and rice (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnvironmental degradation of the insect growth regulator methoprene(isopropyl(2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate). I. Metabolism by alfalfa and riceGary B. Quistad, Luana E. Staiger, and David A. SchooleyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 4, 582–589Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60194a022Request reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (977 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Core tunneling: Variation-aware voltage noise mitigation in GPUs (2016)

Voltage noise and manufacturing process variation represent significant reliability challenges for modern microprocessors. Voltage noise is caused by rapid changes in processor activity that can lead to timing violations and errors. Process variation is caused by manufacturing challenges in low-nanometer technologies and can lead to significant heterogeneity in performance and reliability across the chip. To ensure correct execution under worst-case conditions, chip designers generally add operating margins that are often unnecessarily conservative for most use cases, which results in wasted energy. This paper investigates the combined effects of process variation and voltage noise on modern GPU architectures. A distributed power delivery and process variation model at functional unit granularity was developed and used to simulate supply voltage behavior in a multicore GPU system. We observed that, just like in CPUs, large changes in power demand can lead to significant voltage droops. We also note that process variation makes some cores much more vulnerable to noise than others in the same GPU. Therefore, protecting the chip against large voltage droops by using fixed and uniform voltage guardbands is costly and inefficient. This paper presents core tunneling, a variation-aware solution for dynamically reducing voltage margins. The system relies on hardware critical path monitors to detect voltage noise conditions and quickly reacts by clock-gating vulnerable cores to prevent timing violations. This allows a substantial reduction in voltage margins. Since clock gating is enabled infrequently and only on the most vulnerable cores, the performance impact of core tunneling is very low. On average, core tunneling reduces energy consumption by 15%.
Intrathecal Long-Term Gene Expression by Self-Complementary Adeno-Associated Virus type 1 Suitable for Chronic Pain Studies in Rats (2020)

BackgroundIntrathecal (IT) gene transfer is an attractive approach for targeting spinal mechanisms of nociception but the duration of gene expression achieved by reported methods is short (up to two weeks) impairing their utility in the chronic pain setting. The overall goal of this study was to develop IT gene transfer yielding true long-term transgene expression defined as ≥ 3 mo following a single vector administration. We defined "IT" administration as atraumatic injection into the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) modeling a lumbar puncture. Our studies focused on recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), one of the most promising vector types for clinical use.ResultsConventional single stranded rAAV2 vectors performed poorly after IT delivery in rats. Pseudotyping of rAAV with capsids of serotypes 1, 3, and 5 was tested alone or in combination with a modification of the inverted terminal repeat. The former alters vector tropism and the latter allows packaging of self-complementary rAAV (sc-rAAV) vectors. Combining both types of modification led to the identification of sc-rAAV2/l as a vector that performed superiorly in the IT space. IT delivery of 3 × 10e9 sc-rAAV2/l particles per animal led to stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) for ≥ 3 mo detectable by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and in a blinded study by confocal microscopy. Expression was strongest in the cauda equina and the lower sections of the spinal cord and only minimal in the forebrain. Microscopic examination of the SC fixed in situ with intact nerve roots and meninges revealed strong EGFP fluorescence in the nerve roots.Conclusionsc-rAAVl mediates stable IT transgene expression for ≥ 3 mo. Our findings support the underlying hypothesis that IT target cells for gene transfer lack the machinery for efficient conversion of the single-stranded rAAV genome into double-stranded DNA and favor uptake of serotype 1 vectors over 2. Experiments presented here will provide a rational basis for utilizing IT rAAV gene transfer in basic and translational studies on chronic pain.
A 113 dB SNR oversampling sigma-delta DAC for CD/DVD application (1998)

A sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) audio digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for CD and digital versatile disk (DVD) application is presented. The converter uses a 6-bit modulator and a segmented noise-shaped scrambling technique to achieve a 113 dB dynamic-range over a 20 kHz bandwidth. A continuous-time output stage is used to achieve a high signal-to-noise (SNR) in a small die area. This output stage employs a dual return-to-zero scheme to eliminate errors caused by inter-symbol interference (ISI). The converter is fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m double-poly double-metal CMOS process. The chip occupies 3.1/spl times/3.2 squared mm and operates from a single 5 V supply.
Preparation of Bismuth Titanate Thin Films by Laser Ablation (1995)

Ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin films have been prepared on Si substrates at low temperature by the laser ablation method using an ArF laser. Dependences of crystallographic property of the film on substrate temperature, O 2 gas pressure, laser repetition frequency and annealing temperature are presented. The preferentially c -axis-oriented films have been obtained on Si substrates at a substrate temperature of 400° C with annealing at 700° C, and on Pt substrates at a low substrate temperature of 450° C.
Management of Bleeding in Patients with Advanced Cancer (2004)

Bleeding occurs in up to 10% of patients with advanced cancer. It can present in many different ways. This article provides a qualitative review of treatment options available to manage visible bleeding. Local modalities, such as hemostatic agents and dressings, radiotherapy, endoscopic ligation and coagulation, and transcutaneous arterial embolization, are reviewed in the context of advanced cancer, as are systemic treatments such as vitamin K, vasopressin/desmopressin, octreotide/somatostatin, antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid), and blood products. Considerations at the end of life are described.
Improved accuracy in diagnostic immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and in situ hybridization using a gold-labeled horseradish peroxidase antibody and silver intensification. (1992)

We concluded that the anti-horseradish peroxidase-gold complex is of general use in a variety of techniques applying horseradish peroxidase as a marker and should be a valuable alternative to existing enzyme substrate techniques.
Face detection by fuzzy pattern matching (2002)

The paper describes an approach to detect faces whose size and position are unknown in an image with a complex background. The candidates of faces are detected by finding out "face like" regions in the input image using the fuzzy pattern matching method. The perceptually uniform color space is used in our research in order to obtain reliable results. The skin color that is used to detect face like regions, is represented by a model developed by us called skin color distribution function. The skin color regions are then extracted by estimating a measure that describes how well the color of a pixel looks like the skin color for each pixel in the input image. The faces which appear in images are modeled as several 2 dimensional patterns. The face like regions are extracted by a fuzzy pattern matching approach using these face models. The face candidates are then verified by estimating how well the extracted facial features fit a face model which describes the geometrical relations among facial features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulated expression of the<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>DNA repair gene RAD7 in response to DNA damage and during sporulation (1990)

The RAD7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects the proficiency of excision repair of DNA damaged by UV light. Here, we report our studies on the regulation of the RAD7 gene in response to UV irradiation and during sporulation. RAD7 transcript levels increased 6-fold within 40 min of exposure of cells to 37 J/m2 of UV light. Higher UV doses also elicited rapid increases in the level of RAD7 mRNA. RAD7 mRNA levels increased in sporulating MATa/MAT alpha diploid cells, but not in the asporogenous MATa/MATa strain exposed to sporulation conditions. The increase in RAD7 mRNA level in MATa/MAT alpha cells was 15-fold after 6 h and 9-fold after 7 h in sporulation medium; thereafter, RAD7 mRNA levels declined. Periodic transcription of RAD7 during sporulation suggests a role for RAD7 in this process.
Export of Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosisSuperoxide Dismutase Is Dependent upon Both Information in the Protein and Mycobacterial Export Machinery (1999)

We have investigated the expression and extracellular release of enzymatically active superoxide dismutase, one of the 10 major extracellular proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, both in its native host and in the heterologous host Mycobacterium smegmatis. We found that the M. tuberculosis superoxide dismutase gene, encoding a leaderless polypeptide of Mr approximately 23,000 representing one of the four identical subunits of the enzyme, is expressed constitutively under normal growth conditions and at a 5-fold increased level under conditions of hydrogen peroxide stress. The highly pathogenic mycobacterium M. tuberculosis expresses 93-fold more superoxide dismutase than the nonpathogenic mycobacterium M. smegmatis, and it exports a much higher proportion of expressed enzyme (76 versus 21%); taking both expression and export into consideration, M. tuberculosis exports approximately 350-fold more enzyme than M. smegmatis. In M. smegmatis, recombinant M. tuberculosis superoxide dismutase is expressed at 8.4 times the level of the endogenous enzyme and the proportion exported (66%) approaches that in the homologous host; hence M. smegmatis exports up to 26-fold more of the recombinant than endogenous enzyme. Interestingly, subunits of the M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis enzymes readily and stoichiometrically exchange with each other, forming five different complexes of four subunits, both when the enzymes are expressed in the recombinant host and when the purified enzymes are incubated together; however, each subunit retains its characteristic metal ion, iron for M. tuberculosis and manganese for M. smegmatis. Compared with the cell-associated enzyme, the supernatant enzyme of recombinant M. smegmatis is enriched for M. tuberculosis enzyme subunits, consistent with preferential export of the M. tuberculosis enzyme. Recombinant M. tuberculosis superoxide dismutase transcomplements a superoxide dismutase-deficient Escherichia coli, resulting in a reduction of sensitivity of the strain to oxidative stress, but the enzyme is not exported from this nonmycobacterial host. Our findings indicate that the information for export of the M. tuberculosis superoxide dismutase is contained within the protein but that export additionally requires export machinery specific to mycobacteria.
Designed Boronate Ligands for Glucose‐Selective Holographic Sensors (2006)

In this study, 2-acrylamidophenylboronate (2-APB) was synthesised and its ability to bind with glucose was investigated both in solution and when integrated into a holographic sensor. Multiple forms of 2-APB, resulting from the neighbouring effect of the amido group with the boronic acid through an intramolecular B--O-coordinated interaction, were shown to exist in solution by using multinuclear NMR spectrometry. It was found that 2-APB predominantly adopts a zwitterionic tetrahedral form at physiological pH values. The complex formation of 2-APB with glucose and lactate was investigated in DMSO; 2-APB favours binding with glucose rather than lactate and generates a five-membered-ring complex. Furthermore, a 2-APB-based holographic sensor displayed a significant response to glucose with little interference from lactate, and with no dependence on pH in the physiological pH range. These features suggest that the new ligand 2-APB is a potential candidate for the development of glucose-selective sensors.
INACTIVATION OF <i>CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM</i> TYPE E SPORES BY HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING (1999)

ABSTRACT The effect of high pressure treatments at various temperature combinations on the inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type E spores of strains, Alaska and Beluga in phosphate buffer (0.067 M, pH 7.0) was investigated. No reduction of spores was observed at any pressurization (Maximum = 827 MPa) for temperatures below 35C. At pressurization of 827 MPa for 5 min, log unit reduction of spores increased as temperatures increased from 35 to 55C. An increase in the processing time from 5 to 10 min at a combination of high pressure (827 MPa) and low temperature (40C) resulted in a 5‐log reduction of Alaska spores. About 5‐log reductions for strains Alaska and Beluga occurred at 50 and 55C, respectively, after processing at pressures of 827 MPa for 5 min.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Tightly-Coupled GPS/INS System for Autonomous Navigation (2012)

The work presented here empirically analyzes the design of the tightly-coupled position, velocity, and attitude estimator used as a feedback signal for autonomous navigation in a large scale robot driving in urban settings. The estimator fuses GNSS/INS signals in an extended square root information filter (ESRIF), a numerically-robust implementation of an extended Kalman filter (EKF), and was used as the basis for Cornell University's 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge robot, "Skynet." A statistical sensitivity analysis is conducted on Skynet's estimator by examining the changes in its behavior as critical design elements are removed. The effects of five design elements are considered: map aiding via computer vision algorithms, inclusion of differential corrections, filter integrity monitoring, Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) augmentation, and inclusion of carrier phases; the effects of extensive signal blackouts are also considered. Metrics of comparison include the statistical differences between the full solution and variant; the Kullback-Leibler divergence; and the average and standard deviation of the position errors, attitude errors, and filter update discontinuities.
“ <i>Mycobacterium canettii</i> ” Isolated from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient: First Case Recognized in the United States (2008)

We report the first case of tuberculosis caused by "Mycobacterium canettii" recognized in the United States. The pathogen was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 30-year-old Sudanese refugee.
Sas4 and Sas5 Are Required for the Histone Acetyltransferase Activity of Sas2 in the SAS Complex (2003)

The SAS2 gene is involved in transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on its primary sequence, the Sas2 protein is predicted to be a member of the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Sas2 forms a complex with Sas4 and Sas5, which are required for its silencing function. Here we show that recombinant Sas2 has HAT activity that absolutely requires Sas4 and is stimulated by Sas5. The recombinant SAS complex acetylates H4 lysine 16 and H3 lysine 14. Furthermore, a purified SAS complex from yeast shows similar activity and specificity. In contrast to other MYST HATs, neither the recombinant nor the native SAS complex acetylated nucleosomal histones under conditions that were optimum for acetylating free histones. Finally, although the SAS subunits interact genetically and physically with Asf1, a histone deposition factor, association of H3 and H4 with Asf1 blocks their acetylation by the SAS complex, raising the possibility that the SAS HAT complex may acetylate free histones prior to their deposition onto DNA by Asf1 or CAF-I.
Kdo: a critical monosaccharide for bacteria viability (2010)

Covering: 2000 to 2010
THE IMPACT OF SHORT‐TERM USE OF CRITERION<sup>SM</sup> ON WRITING SKILLS IN NINTH GRADE (2007)

ABSTRACT In this study, a hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used within a cluster random assignment design to test the impact of Criterion sm on students' writing skill when Criterion was used as a supplementary instructional tool in ninth grade English classrooms over a 4 week period. The study was conducted in three states: Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The sample consisted of 1,464 ninth graders aggregated across 10 schools, 34 teachers, and 61 classes. Findings indicate that over a short time period, Criterion use improved the mechanical aspects of student essays as measured by the analytic scores given to their essays. Students in ninth grade English classes who used Criterion several times a week over a 1 month period received higher analytic scores on their essays written at the end of the study period than those who were in classes that did not. The effect was small, but statistically significant at the .05 level using a one‐tailed test. These findings suggest a role for automated feedback systems in supporting writing instruction.
THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HETEROAROMATIC POLYMERS (1993)

Third-order nonlinear optical properties, χ(3) of novel heteroaromatic polymers having large χ(3) with processabilities are discussed. Several types of heteroaromatic polymers have been developed with a structure where π-excessive heteroaromatic compounds and π-deficient heteroaromatic compounds are combined to induce a strong nonlinearity. The charge transfer between heteroaromatic rings on the π-conjugated sequences is thought to influence the properties of certain excited states that contribute to the χ(3) enhancement. The χ(3) value of the polymer at 1.50 μm wavelength is 5×10-10 esu. These polymers reported here have a potential to fabricate optical switching devices.
Solid‐State Phase Equilibria in the ZnS‐Ga <sub>2</sub> S <sub>3</sub> System (1990)

The ZnS‐Ga 2 S 3 equilibrium phase diagram has been determined to 50 mol% over the temperature range 700° to 900°C. Samples of various compositions were prepared via solid‐state diffusion starting from powders of the pure components. The identification of the phases was determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. The principal feature of the phase equilibria is the eutectoid transformation at 818 ± 5°C of hexagonal wurtzite containing 16 ± 1 mol% Ga 2 S 3 to cubic ZnS and tetragonal ZnGa 2 S 4 . ZnGa 2 S 4 is the equilibrium compound at 50 mol% Ga z S 3 , but it exists over a considerable range of stoichiometry. The solubility of Ga 2 S 3 in ZnS increases with increasing temperature to a maximum of 9 ± 1 mol% at the eutectoid temperature.
stereotaxic atlas of the golden hamster brain (2001)

Acknowledgements. Introduction. Hamsters in Neuroscience Research. Why a Hamster Brain Atlas? A History of Hamster Brain Atlases. A Note on Nomenclature: Morin and Wood meet Paxinos and Watson. A New Angle on Hamster Neuroanatomy: Flat Skull Coordinates vs. Plane of Section. Stereotaxic Reference System. Animals. Stereotaxic Surgery. Perfusion and Histology. Photography. Drawings. Abbreviations. The Basis of Delineation of Structures in this Atlas. References. Schematic Index of the Coronal Sections. Plates and Figures. Appendix. Index of Abbreviations.
Advanced Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Materials through Microstructural Refinement Using Severe Plastic Deformation (2008)

Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), High Pressure Torsion (HPT) and Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) are typical processing procedures of severe plastic deformation. They can reduce the grain size to well within the submicrometer range. This paper reviews principles and characteristic features of the three major processes and summarizes recent studies reported on pure Fe and steels. Microstructural features and related mechanical properties are introduced for each process. Important aspects in conducting each process are described, and practical applicability and future development are discussed in terms of scaling-up and continuous operation.