gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies to enhance umbilical cord blood stem cell engraftment in adult patients (2010)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used successfully as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for allogeneic transplantation in children and adults in the treatment of hematologic diseases. However, compared with marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts from adult donors, significant delays in the rates and kinetics of neutrophil and platelet engraftment are noted after UCB transplant. These differences relate in part to the reduced numbers of HSCs in UCB grafts. To improve the rates and kinetics of engraftment of UCB HSC, several strategies have been proposed, including ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs, addition of third-party mesenchymal cells, intrabone delivery of HSCs, modulation of CD26 expression, and infusion of two UCB grafts. This article will focus on ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs and strategies to enhance UCB homing as potential solutions to overcome the problem of low stem cell numbers in a UCB graft.
Laser annealing and selective magnetization of manganese-aluminum alloys (1980)

MnxAl1−x alloys (0.5⩽x⩽0.6) and related materials feature a phase transition from an essentially nonmagnetic state to a state having large magnetization. The transition is generally induced by appropriate conventional annealing. We demonstrate that a modest-power laser is also capable of bulk annealing. More importantly, focused laser radiation can be used to anneal preselected portions of a sample, thus introducing small, hard magnetic regions into an otherwise nonmagnetic host. Tailoring of magnetic devices and information storage are potential areas of application.
T-Lymphocyte-fibroblast interactions (1997)

At the end of the immune response, activated T-cells are cleared by apoptosis. T-cell apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation can be inhibited by the addition of exogenous cytokines or by a fibroblast-derived survival factor. Under normal circumstances, fibroblast-mediated T-cell survival may allow persistence of a small number of primed T-cells in tissues, which can be reactivated to initiate a secondary immune response. In abnormal situations, fibroblast-mediated T-cell survival may lead to the persistence of large numbers of T-cells producing a chronic inflammatory state. Evidence derived from wound healing suggests that a bidirectional interaction is possible, and T-cells are also capable of regulating fibroblast behaviour. Persistent T-cells in the wound site thus prolong a scarring response. Potential manipulation of these interactions would provide a novel strategy for developing new therapeutic interventions. For example, administration of the fibroblast survival factor that inhibits T-cell apoptosis may prolong lymphocyte survival in lymphopenic states such as AIDS. Inhibition of the survival factor on the other hand not only has potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory states, but may also be of value in regulating scar formation with implications for the treatment of many diseases.
Surface reactivity of Si nanowires (2001)

The chemical reactivity of hydrogen-passivated surface of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) towards the reductive deposition of silver and copper ions from solution is reported. SiNWs synthesized by laser ablation were used in the investigation. The surface properties of SiNWs after the removal of the surface oxide were studied. It is found that the surface silicon of the SiNWs can readily reduce silver (I) and copper (II) ions to metal aggregates of various morphologies on the SiNW surface at room temperature. The reaction products have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By varying the concentration of Ag(I) ions in the solution, nanostructures of silver with different shapes and sizes can be obtained. This approach for synthesis of metal nanostructures offers a potential method for the preparation of desired metal catalysts.
Inflammatory gene polymorphisms and ischaemic heart disease: review of population association studies (2002)

Inflammation and genetics are both prominent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Accordingly, a number of population studies have explored the association of ischaemic heart disease with gene polymorphisms of the inflammatory molecules tumour necrosis factors (TNF) alpha and beta, transforming growth factors (TGF) beta1 and 2, interleukin (IL) 1 and its receptor antagonist (IL 1ra), CD14 (the receptor for lipopolysaccharide), P and E selectins, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) 1. Although they are very preliminary and partly conflicting, the data provide some evidence that alterations in the genetics of the inflammatory system may modify the risk of ischaemic heart disease.
Supplementation of the phosphatidyl-L-serine requirement of protein kinase C with nonactivating phospholipids (1992)

The mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC) activation by phosphatidyl-L-serine (PS) is highly specific and occurs with high cooperativity [Lee, M.-H., & Bell, R. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14797-14805]. To further investigate the multiplicity and specificity of PS cofactor requirement, some of the PS molecules present in Triton X-100 mixed micelles were substituted with nonactivating phospholipids devoid of required amino or carboxyl functional groups. The ability of these phospholipids to spare or reduce the mole percent of PS required was determined. Addition of phosphatidyl-(3-hydroxypropionate) (PP) or phosphatidate (PA) reduced the mole percent of PS required for maximal activity from 10 to 4 mol %, and also reduced the cooperativity of activation with PS. In contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine did not alter the dependence on PS. Phosphatidylethanol (P-Et) reduced the PS requirement to 2-4 mol % and cooperatively less efficiently than PP or PA. Phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol resemble P-Et in their ability to reduce PS requirements and cooperativity. Therefore, it appears that the ability of phospholipids to substitute for PS in PKC activation depends on the negative charge in the phospholipid head group and the efficiency of substitution appears to be directly related to the negative charge density. The presence of two acyl groups within the phospholipid cofactor proved important since lyso-PS and lyso-PA replaced a portion of PS molecules required less efficiently than P-Et. Sodium oleate and sodium dodecyl sulfate behaved like lyso-PS. When other anionic lipids are present, approximately four molecules of PS per micelle are required for maximal PKC activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrochemical switching in anthraquinone-substituted carbon-pivot lariat ethers and podands: chain length effects in geometric and electronic cooperativity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical switching in anthraquinone-substituted carbon-pivot lariat ethers and podands: chain length effects in geometric and electronic cooperativityDeborah A. Gustowski, Milagros. Delgado, Vincent J. Gatto, Luis. Echegoyen, and George W. GokelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 24, 7553–7560Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00284a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00284a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose Increases Both the Plasma Membrane Number and Phosphorylation of Insulin-like Growth Factor II/Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptors (1997)

We have investigated the effect of glucose on insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) binding to, and intracellular phosphorylation of, the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor in the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F. Glucose, at a concentration of 3 mM, significantly increased binding of IGF-II to the cells. A further increase of the binding was observed at a glucose concentration of 10 mM. Scatchard analysis showed that the increased binding was caused by an increased number of the receptors rather than changes in affinity. This effect of glucose was also demonstrated in another insulin-secreting cell line HIT as well as in the human erythroleukemia cell line K562. Affinity cross-linking of the RINm5F cells, using 125I-IGF-II, revealed increased binding to the IGF-II/M6P receptor induced by glucose. The effect of glucose on IGF-II binding was mimicked by fructose (10 mM), but not by 3-O-methylglucose (10 mM), and was abolished by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C, or down-regulation of PKC, but not by the protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Glucose dose dependently stimulated phosphorylation of the IGF-II/M6P receptor, an effect that was inhibited by down-regulation of PKC activity. This study suggests that the distribution of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in insulin-secreting cells can be regulated by glucose-induced phosphorylation, a mechanism mediated by PKC.
Development of an Efficient Photocatalytic System for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Using Rhenium(I) Complexes Based on Mechanistic Studies (2008)

The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using rhenium(I) complexes has been investigated by means of a detailed comparison of the photocatalyses of three rhenium(I) complexes, fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3L] (L = SCN- (1-NCS), Cl- (1-Cl), and CN- (1-CN)). The corresponding one-electron-reduced species (OER) of the complexes play two important roles in the reaction: (a) capturing CO2 after loss of the monodentate ligand (L) and (b) donation of the second electron to CO2 by another OER without loss of L. In the case of 1-NCS, the corresponding OER has both of the capabilities in the photocatalytic reaction, resulting in more efficient CO formation (with a quantum yield of 0.30) than that of 1-Cl (quantum yield of 0.16), for which OER species have too short a lifetime to accumulate during the photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, 1-CN showed no photocatalytic ability, because the corresponding OER species does not dissociate the CN- ligand. Based on this mechanistic information, the most efficient photocatalytic system was successfully developed using a mixed system with fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(CH3CN)]+ and fac-[Re{4,4'-(MeO)2bpy}(CO)3{P(OEt)3}]+, for which the optimized quantum yield for CO formation was 0.59.
The genes encoding granule-bound starch synthases at the <i>waxy</i> loci of the A, B, and D progenitors of common wheat (2000)

Three genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase (wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD) have been isolated from Triticum monococcum (AA), and Triticum speltoides (BB), by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, and from Triticum tauschii (DD), by screening a genomic DNA library. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes had the same extron and (or) intron structure as the previously reported waxy gene from barley. The lengths of the three wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes were 2834 bp, 2826 bp, and 2893 bp, respectively, each covering 31 bp in the untranslated leader and the entire coding region consisting of 11 exons and 10 introns. The three genes had identical lengths of exons, except exonl, and shared over 95% identity with each other within the exon regions. The majority of introns were significantly variable in length and sequence, differing mainly in length (1-57 bp) as a result of insertion and (or) deletion events. The deduced amino acid sequence from these three genes indicated that the mature WX-TMA, -TSB, and -TTD proteins contained the same number of amino acids, but differed in predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) due to amino acid substitutions (13-18). The predicted physical characteristics of the WX proteins matched the respective proteins in wheat very closely, but the match was not perfect. Furthermore the exon5 sequences of the wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes were different from a cDNA encoding a waxy gene of common wheat previously reported. The striking difference was that an insertion of 11 amino acids occurred in the cDNA sequence that could not be observed in the exons of the A, B, and D genes. It was noted, however, that the 3' end of intron4 of these genes could account for the additional 11 amino acids. The sequence information from the available waxy genes identified the intron4-exon5-intron5 region as being diagnostic for sequence variation in waxy. The sequence variation in the waxy genes provides the basis for primer design to distinguish the respective genes in common wheat, and its progenitors, using PCR.
Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners in three environments (2001)

Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses were compared in eight female marathon runners during a 30 km treadmill run at individual best marathon race pace (range = 2.45-4.07 m x s(-1)) under three wet bulb globe temperature conditions (25 degrees C, 17 degrees C and 12 degrees C, corresponding to hot, moderate and cool conditions, respectively). Rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and heart rate were recorded at 10 min intervals and expired air was collected every 5 km during exercise. Simulated water stations were also provided at 5 km intervals with voluntary fluid intake being recorded. Blood was drawn before and after exercise for the determination of plasma volume changes and osmolarity. Ad libitum fluid intakes in the hot trial (0.70+/-0.31 l x h(-1); mean+/-s) were greater (P< 0.05) than in the cool (0.47+/-0.13 l x h(-1)) but not the moderate (0.54+/-0.26 l x h(-1)) trial. Each volume replaced 63%, 68% and 73% of total sweat losses in each condition, respectively, and kept dehydration below approximately 3% of body mass. After the initial 30 min of exercise, rectal temperature was maintained well below 39 degrees C for > 2 h of continuous running. The results demonstrate that the thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners to exercise in variable, but compensable, weather conditions is well maintained when ad libitum fluid intakes replace approximately 60-70% of sweat losses.
Design of Electronic Equipment Casings for Natural Air Cooling: Effects of Height and Size of Outlet Vent on Flow Resistance (2011)

Design of Electronic Equipment Casings for Natural Air Cooling: Effects of Height and Size of Outlet Vent on Flow Resistance
Expression of E-selectin ligands on circulating tumor cells: cross-regulation with cancer stem cell regulatory pathways? (2012)

Although significant progress has been made in the fight against cancer, successful treatment strategies have yet to be developed to combat those tumors that have metastasized to distant organs. Poor characterization of the molecular mechanisms of cancer spread is a major impediment to designing predictive diagnostics and effective clinical interventions against late stage disease. In hematogenous metastasis, it is widely suspected that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) express specific adhesion molecules that actively initiate contact with the vascular endothelium lining the vessel walls of the target organ. This "tethering" is mediated by ligands expressed by CTCs that bind to E-selectin expressed by endothelial cells. However, it is currently unknown whether expression of functional E-selectin ligands on CTCs is related to cancer stem cell regulatory or maintenance pathways, particularly epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the reverse, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In this hypothesis and theory article, we explore the potential roles of these mechanisms on the dynamic regulation of selectin ligands mediating CTC trafficking during metastasis.
Studies on the ectoparasites of seals and penguins. 2. The ecology of the louse Antarctophthirus ogmorhini enderlein on the weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli lesson. (1965)

The Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli, which lives around the shores of Antarctica, is infested with the blood-sucking louse Antarctophthirus ogmorhini. Infestations spread solely from female seals to their pups by the transference of adult lice, and are frequent and heaviest on yearling and immature seals but are less frequent and lightest on mature seals. Few mature bulls are infested. Lice are usually restricted to the tail, ankle, hip, and hind flipper, but the margins of the anal and penile orifices of males may be infested, and occasionally the axilla of the fore flipper. The skin temperature of these sites of infestation varies with the thermoregulatory requirements of the seal, thus providing more opportunities than elsewhere on the body for lice to reproduce when the seal is ashore, and to feed when the seal is at sea. The number of lice is largely determined by the behaviour of the Weddell seal, and numbers are greatest on those age groups which haul out of the sea most frequently throughout the year. The principal physiological adaptation of A. ogmorhini for survival on the Weddell seal is the ability to become active and to reproduce at 5-15°C. Eggs can develop and hatch at constant temperatures as low as 0-4°C.
Programmatic Compression of Images and Sound (1996)

The importance of digital data compression in the future media arena cannot be overestimated. A novel approach to data compression is built on Genetic Programming. This technique has been referred to as compression. In this paper we apply a variant of programmatic compression to the compression of bitmap images and sampled digital sound. The work presented here constitutes the first successful result of genetic programming applied to compression of real full size images and sound. A compiling genetic programming system is used for efficiency reasons. Different related issues are discussed, such as the handling of very large fitness case sets.
γ‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase: Catalytic Mechanism and Gene Expression (1998)

Introduction Structural and Topological Features of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Biosynthesis and Processing of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Role of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Glutathione Metabolism Reactions Catalyzed by γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and Substrate Specificity Active site of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-Related Enzyme and γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Transcripts Unique to Human Lung Gene Structure and Expression Cancer-Associated Changes of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Conclusion
Solubility of Implanted Dopants in Polysilicon: Phosphorus and Arsenic (1983)

A new method of determining the active dopant solubility limit (ADSL) of implanted dopants in polysilicon is described. ADSL is defined as the concentration of a dopant such that a further increase of the dopant content does not lead to an increase in mobile carrier concentration. The method is based on the idea that the implanted dopant in excess of ADSL does not contribute to the conduction process. The method is simple to employ and is used in the present experiments to determine the ADSL concentration of arsenic and phosphorus implanted in polysilicon.
Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (1987)

1. Weathering and Soils 2. Transport and Deposition of Siliciclastic Sediment 3. Sedimentary Textures 4. Sedimentary Structures 5. Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rocks 6. Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks 7. Other Chemical/Biochemical and Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks 8. Continental (Terrestrial) Environments 9. Marginal-Marine Environments 10. Siliciclastic Marine Environments 11. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 12. Lithostratigraphy 13. Seismic, Sequence, and Magnetic Stratigraphy 14. Biostratigraphy 15. Chronostratigraphy and Geologic Time 16. Basin Analysis, Tectonics, and Sedimentation
Development of the Legume Root Nodule (1991)

NODULE INITIATION . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ......... . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. 193 Diff usible Signals from Plant to Bacterium 193 Diff usible Signals from Bacterium to Plant ........ 195 Induction of the Nodule Meristem.... . ....... . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Uninvaded Nodules ,. .... 197
Pharmacokinetics of ribavirin aerosol in mice (1988)

The pharmacokinetics of ribavirin administered in single or multiple treatments to mice by small-particle aerosol were monitored in lung, serum, and brain tissues. ribavirin aerosol was administered with a standard drug concentration (20 mg/ml) in the reservoir for 12 h or a high dose (60 mg/ml) for 2 or 4 h. After single or 3-day treatments, ribavirin rapidly accumulated in the lungs at concentrations sufficient to inhibit influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (1 to 5 mM). While peak levels of ribavirin in the lungs after the high-dose administration were about three times those found with the standard dose, ribavirin was rapidly cleared from the lungs. There was no accumulation of drug in the lungs after multiple treatments. Ribavirin cleared from the lungs was detected in the blood within 15 min. Concentrations in the serum were similar (20 to 30 microM) for standard- and high-dose treatments with either single or multiple treatments. Ribavirin clearance from the serum after treatment was similar for each regimen. Ribavirin also rapidly accumulated in the brain to a similar level (ca. 6 nmol per brain) after standard- or high-dose treatment for 3 days. In contrast to ribavirin in the serum, ribavirin in the brain appeared to be slowly cleared, allowing levels to remain relatively constant during and after treatment. With the interest in viral encephalopathies, further evaluation of the possible advantages of this method of drug administration is warranted.
Electric pulse rock sample disaggregator (2000)

Maxwell Physics International has developed and demonstrated a pulsed power-based system for disaggregating rocks, the Rock Sample Disaggregator 140L (RSD-140L) using pulse power. When a sufficiently powerful, short-duration, pulsed electric field is applied to rock particles between electrodes submerged in water, extensive ionization occurs along mineral grain boundaries. Electrical breakdown of the rock occurs along the ionized paths, creating high peak current flow and high internal tensile stress between the mineral grains. The result is selective fracture, breaking up the rock along internal grain boundaries (disaggregation).