gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in Phytotoxicity, Movement and Residual Activity of Herbicides in Soil (1978)

In order to secure the proper use of herbicides that are frequently used in Korea, the behavior of herbicides in various type of soil were studied. This study includes the variation of phytotoxicity, leaching and movement, and residual activity period of herbicides depending upon the type of soil etc. Experiments were also conducted to establish a guideline for the selection of herbicides according to the type of soil and the proper use of each herbicide in various type of soil in Korea. Experimental results showed that the behavior of herbicides could be characterized based on the series or kind of herbicides and devided into two major groups. One group (nitrofen. CNP, benthiocarb and butachlor) of herbicides showed relatively little crop injury and was very dependable. The action of this group was not remarkably influenced by soil components, rainfall and the quantity of herbicide used with the type of soil that had small adsorption capacity such as most of soil in Korea. The other group(simazine, 2, 4-D. linuron, alachlor and simetryne) showed a wide variation in it's action and retained potentially injurious effect. This group was very susceptable to using condition as well as the type of soil itself. Based on the results of various experiments the disappearance of the residual activity period of major herbicides used in upland and paddy field and the related factors were explained. It is believed that the results of this study can be used as a base for the establishment of a guideline for the proper use of each herbicide and can suggest a direction of developing new herbicides.
Characterization of reclaimed GaAs substrates and investigation of reuse for thin film InGaAlP LED epitaxial growth (2016)

This study reports a method to reuse GaAs substrates with a batch process for thin film light emitting diode (TF-LED) production. The method is based on an epitaxial lift-off technique. With the developed reclaim process, it is possible to get an epi-ready GaAs surface without additional time-consuming and expensive grinding/polishing processes. The reclaim and regrowth process was investigated with a one layer epitaxial test structure. The GaAs surface was characterized by an atomic force microscope directly after the reclaim process. The crystal structure of the regrown In0.5(Ga0.45Al0.55)0.5P (Q55) layer was investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. In addition, a complete TF-LED grown on reclaimed GaAs substrates was electro-optically characterized on wafer level. The crystal structure of the epitaxial layers and the performance of the TF-LED grown on reclaimed substrates are not influenced by the developed reclaim process. This process would result in reducing costs for LEDs and reducing much arsenic waste for the benefit of a green semiconductor production.
High Accuracy Multi-color Pyrometry for High Temperature Surfaces (2003)

An evaluation of previously proposed least-squares multi-color pyrometry methods was carried out to determine their highest achievable accuracy. The study was limited to the visible spectrum and the temperature range of 1700 to 3000 K, typical of electrode surfaces in high-power electric propulsion thrusters. A Monte-Carlo simulation of the various methods showed the eects that the number of colors of the pyrometer, the errors associated with noise and calibration, and the number of measurements have on the uncertainty of the predicted temperature. Some of these methods were found to lead to inaccurate results, an underestimate of the uncertainty of the predicted temperature, or yield larger uncertainties than single-color pyrometry. The two methods that were found to yield the highest accuracy without underestimating the uncertainty are based on tting the intensity versus wavelength data with three free parameters (temperature and the two coecien ts of the emissivity versus wavelength model). Adding complementary measurements, at the price of spatial or temporal resolution, is shown to allow a reduction of the uncertainty in the predicted temperature well below that associated with single-color pyrometry.
Two-Photon Interference from Separate Quantum Dots (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. B. Flagg, A. Muller, S. V. Polyakov, A. Ling, A. L. Migdall, and G. S. Solomon, "Two-photon Interference from Separate Quantum Dots," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper QWD5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Comparison of Triazole‐forming Bioconjugation Techniques for Constructing Comb‐Shaped Peptide–Polymer Bioconjugates (2010)

The grafting-to of a peptide to a side chain functional polymer was investigated using "click" chemistry. Two click reactions were compared: the copper-free strain-promoted azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition (SPAAC) and the traditional copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition (CuAAC). For the resulting comb-shaped products, it was found that the steric bulk of the conjugation moiety used in SPAAC limits the degree of grafting for these highly dense systems, whereas CuAAC gives (near) quantitative functionalization.
<i>RAS</i>Point Mutations and PAX8-PPARγ Rearrangement in Thyroid Tumors: Evidence for Distinct Molecular Pathways in Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma (2003)

A series of 88 conventional follicular and Hürthle cell thyroid tumors were analyzed for RAS mutations and PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangements using molecular methods and for galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. A novel LightCycler technology-based method was developed to detect point mutations in codons 12/13 and 61 of the H-RAS, K-RAS, and N-RAS genes. Forty-nine percent of conventional follicular carcinomas had RAS mutations, 36% had PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement, and only one (3%) had both. In follicular adenomas, 48% had RAS mutations, 4% had PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement, and 48% had neither. Follicular carcinomas with PAX8-PPAR gamma typically showed immunoreactivity for galectin-3 but not for HBME-1, tended to present at a younger patient age and be smaller size, and were almost always overtly invasive. In contrast, follicular carcinomas with RAS mutations most often displayed an HBME-1-positive/galectin-3-negative immunophenotype and were either minimally or overtly invasive. Hürthle cell tumors infrequently had PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement or RAS mutations. These results suggest that conventional follicular thyroid carcinomas develop through at least two distinct and virtually nonoverlapping molecular pathways initiated by either RAS point mutation or PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement.
Increasing the useful field of view of an adaptive optics system (1998)

The size of the corrected field of view of an adaptive optics system is though to be a severe limitation on the usefulness of an adaptive optics system. We show that under good seeing conditions the useful field of view is an order of magnitude larger than the field predicted by the classical isoplanatic angle. The corrected field of view is experimentally shown to increase when using spatially degraded wavefront corrections. Two methods of spatially degrading the wavefront were tested: low-order modal wavefront reconstructions and the use of a low-altitude Rayleigh wavefront reference beacon. In both cases the on- axis performance is sacrificed for an increased field of view.
Parabolic approximation versus geometrical acoustics for describing nonlinear acoustic waves in inhomogeneous media (2005)

Propagation of intense periodic acoustic waves in inhomogeneous media is studied in the nonlinear geometrical acoustics (NGA) approximation and using nonlinear parabolic equation (NPE). Various types of 2-D inhomogeneities are considered, such as a phase screen, single Gaussian inhomogeneities, and random inhomogeneous media. Distributions of acoustic rays are obtained by numerical solution of the eikonal equation. Pressure field patterns are calculated numerically with account for nonlinear effects and diffraction using a frequency-domain algorithm for the NPE. The location of caustics and shadow zones in the ray patterns are compared with the results of the parabolic model for the areas of increased and decreased sound pressure. Both linear and nonlinear propagation is investigated in order to reveal the validity of NGA in predicting the acoustic field structure and to better understand how the combined effects of inhomogeneities, diffraction, and nonlinearity determine the overall peak and average parameters of the acoustic field. It is shown that NGA does not accurately represent all the locations of enhanced or reduced acoustic pressure even for single scattering inhomogeneities, and the discrepancies become larger for smaller size inhomogeneities and at longer distances in random inhomogeneous medium. [Work supported by CNRS, RFBR, and NIH Fogarty.]
Nonvolatile electrical switching behavior observed in a functional polyimide thin film embedded with silver nanoparticles (2012)

In this paper, we report our works on the synthesis of a silver-nanoparticle-embedded polyimide (PI) thin film and its electrical bistability. A soluble PI, (4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline (6FDA/ODA), where the 6FDA part serves as an effective electron-accepting moiety, was synthesized in our current work as the polymer matrix. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with diameters less than 7 nm were subsequently generated in situ in the parent PI film via ultraviolet (UV) reduction of the (1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentadionato) silver(I) complex (AgTFA) previously incorporated in the matrix. Electrical characterization results on the sandwiched device (ITO|PI (6FDA/ODA)/silver nanohybrid film|Au) indicate that the nanohybrid material possesses electrical bistability and the device exhibits two accessible conductivity states, which can be reversibly switched from the low-conductivity state to the high-conductivity state with an ON/OFF current ratio of about 102. The device with the PI (6FDA/ODA)/silver nanohybrid film as the active layer shows nonvolatile memory behavior. The high-conductivity state and the low-conductivity state of the device can be sustained after the removal of the applied voltage. Mechanisms regarding the charge transfer in the nanohybrid material were discussed.
Research and Progress of High Solid Epoxy Corrosion Resistant Coating for the Marine (2014)

In the marine environment,the corrosion of steel structures is inevitable.The organic coatings are the most effective,economical and widespread way to slow down the metal corrosion.High solid epoxy coating has been widely used in heavy duty anticorrosion area due to its green feature,good compactness and thick coating.The progress of the high solid epoxy coating,the existing problems and the appropriate solutions are described in detail.The epoxy resin and amine curing agent for film formation play a key role to the properties of the coating.A series of practical methods of toughening epoxy resin for high solid epoxy coating has been summarized.The developments of high impact and thermo resistant,and low temperature and underwater curing agents are be introduced too.The mannich base type epoxy resin curing agents can meet various performance requirements,and the research progress in the synthesis of the mannich base type curing agents is described.
Introduction of Simple Swallowing Ability Test for Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia in the Elderly and Investigation of Factors of Swallowing Disorders (2002)

Aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death in the elderly. In this study, a water swallowing test was introduced as a method of evaluating the swallowing ability of patients, and a swallowing ability evaluation team investigated an appropriate procedure and evaluation method for the situation of our hospital. We also investigated the relationship between the swallowing ability of patients examined by the water swallowing test and underlying diseases, complications, and medicated drugs. In the water swallowing test, the water-drinking method was fixed, and evaluation was made based on the time required for drinking, profile, and episodes, by which patients suspected of swallowing disorder were detected, confirming the usefulness of this method. The frequency of developing swallowing disorder was significantly higher in patients with cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's syndrome (p < 0.01, respectively) and symptomatic epilepsy, hypertension (p < 0.05, respectively) as underlying disease/complication. Regarding medicated drugs, H2 blockers were related to swallowing disorder (p < 0.05). It was confirmed that patients who were judged as having swallowing disorder (including suspected cases) by the water swallowing test, and patients with underlying diseases and complication that may cause the disorder, and patients medicated with drugs that may affect the swallowing ability require appropriate management by medical care staff.
Kinetic Screening in the Antibody Development Process (2012)

Kinetic screening is of paramount importance when it is to select custom-made antibodies, tailored for their respective scientific, diagnostic, or pharmaceutical application. Here a kinetic screening protocol is described, using a Biacore A100 surface plasmon resonance biosensor instrument. The assay is based on an Fc-specific antibody capture system. Antibodies from complex mixtures, like from mouse hybridoma supernatants are captured on the sensor surface in an oriented manner. The method uses a single injection of one antigen concentration for the determination of six relevant screening parameters, which comprehensively describe the antibody's kinetic rate profile and its valence mode. The method enables the scientist to rank and finally select rare and outstanding antibodies according to their kinetic signatures.
Golden GATEway Cloning – A Combinatorial Approach to Generate Fusion and Recombination Constructs (2013)

The design and generation of DNA constructs is among the necessary but generally tedious tasks for molecular biologists and, typically, the cloning strategy is restricted by available restriction sites. However, increasingly sophisticated experiments require increasingly complex DNA constructs, with an intricacy that exceeds what is achievable using standard cloning procedures. Many transgenes such as inducible gene cassettes or recombination elements consist of multiple components that often require precise in-frame fusions. Here, we present an efficient protocol that facilitates the generation of these complex constructs. The golden GATEway cloning approach presented here combines two established cloning methods, namely golden Gate cloning and Multisite Gateway TM cloning. This allows efficient and seamless assembly as well as reuse of predefined DNA elements. The golden Gate cloning procedure follows clear and simple design rules and allows the assembly of multiple fragments with different sizes into one open reading frame. The final product can be directly integrated into the widely used Multisite Gateway TM cloning system, granting more flexibility when using a transgene in the context of multiple species. This adaptable and streamlined cloning procedure overcomes restrictions of "classical construct generation" and allows focusing on construct design.
Preliminary animal pharmacokinetics of the parenteral antifungal agent MK-0991 (L-743,872) (1997)

MK-0991 (L-743,872) is a potent antifungal agent featuring long half-life pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of MK-0991 administered intravenously to mice, rats, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees is presented. Unique to MK-0991 is its consistent cross-species performance. The range of values for the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: clearance, 0.26 to 0.51 ml/min/kg; half-life, 5.2 to 7.6 h; and distributive volume, 0.11 to 0.27 liters/kg. The level of protein binding of MK-0991 was determined to be 96% in mouse and human serum. The compound exhibited high affinities for human serum albumin and at least two lipid components. The rationale for the selection of MK-0991 as a drug development candidate was based on its two- to threefold superior pharmacokinetic performance in chimpanzees over the performance of an otherwise equivalent analog, L-733,560. Once-daily dosing for MK-0991 is indicated by a graphical comparison of levels in the circulations of chimpanzees and mice. In a study of the pharmacokinetics of MK-0991 in mouse tissue, the organs were assayed following intraperitoneal administration. The area under the concentration-versus-time curves (AUC) segregated the tissues into three exposure categories relative to plasma. The tissues with greater exposure than that for plasma were liver (16 times), kidney (3 times), and large intestine (2 times). The exposure for small intestine, lung, and spleen were equivalent to that for plasma. Organs with lower levels of exposure were the heart (0.3 times that for plasma), thigh (0.2 times), and brain (0.06 times). Kinetically, drug was cleared more slowly from all tissues than from plasma, indicating that terminal-phase equilibrium had not been achieved by 24 h. Thus, some measure of accumulation is predicted for all tissues. Single daily doses of MK-0991 should provide adequate systemic levels of fungicidal activity as a result of its long half-life pharmacokinetics, wide distribution, and slowly accumulating concentrations in tissue.
Technology of Polarization Diversity Radars for Meteorology (1990)

Conventional radars for meteorological measurements radiate and receive waves of a single fixed polarization. Almost invariably, linear polarization is used. Generally, present-day conventional systems have Doppler capability and thus they measure the first three moments of the Doppler spectrum, the zeroth moment being the usual radar reflectivity which depends upon the sixth moment of the particle size distribution (for Rayleigh scatterers) and to a lesser extent on the thermodynamic phase state (via the dielectric constant). Thus three target characteristics, namely the reflectivity and the mean and the spectral width of the Doppler spectrum, are measured for each resolution cell in the volume covered by such a radar. The science and technology of Doppler radar measurements are described in the book by Doviak and Zrnić (1984), while signal processing techniques are reviewed in this book (Passarelli and Keeler, Chapter 20a).
Nonlinear Generative Models for Dynamic Shape and Dynamic Appearance (2005)

Our objective is to learn representations for the shape and the appearance of moving (dynamic) objects that supports tasks such as synthesis, pose recovery, reconstruction and tracking. In this paper we introduce a framework that aim to learn a landmark-free correspondence-free global representations of dynamic appearance manifolds. We use nonlinear dimensionality reduction to achieve an embedding of the global deformation manifold that preserves the geometric structure of the manifold. Given such embedding, a nonlinear mapping is learned from the embedding space into the visual input space. Therefore, any visual input is represented by a linear combination of nonlinear bases functions centered along the manifold in the embedding space. We also show how approximate solution for the inverse mapping can be obtained in a closed form which facilitate recovery of the intrinsic body configuration. We use the framework to learn the gait manifold as an example of a dynamic shape manifold, as well as to learn the manifolds for some simple gestures and facial expressions as examples of dynamic appearance manifolds.
Sparse linear filters for detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery (2006)

We investigate the use of convex optimization to identify sparse linear filters in hyperspectral imagery. A linear filter is sparse if a large fraction of its coefficients are zero. A sparse linear filter can be advantageous because it only needs to access a subset of the available spectral channels, and it can be applied to high-dimensional data more cheaply than a standard linear detector. Finding good sparse filters is nontrivial because there is a combinatorially large number of discrete possibilities from which to choose the optimal subset of nonzero coefficients. But, by converting the optimality criterion into a convex loss function, and by employing an L1 penalty, one can obtain sparse solutions that are globally optimal. We investigate the performance of these sparse filters as a function of their sparsity, and compare the convex optimization approach with more traditional alternatives for feature selection. The methodology is applied both to the adaptive matched filter for weak signal detection, and to the Fisher linear discriminant for terrain categorization.
Improved offline calibration for DAC mismatch in low OSR Sigma Delta ADCs with distributed feedback (2014)

We present an offline calibration method to correct the non-linearity due to DAC element mismatch in distributed feedback SigmaDelta-modulation A/D-converters. The improvement over previous methods is that not only the first feedback DAC is calibrated, but also the DACs that are coupled to later stages can be calibrated as well. This is needed in the case of Sigma Delta modulators with a low OSR, where the contribution of the second feedback DAC should not be neglected. The technique is based on a calibration measurement with a two-tone input signal.
High quality MELP coding at bit-rates around 4 kb/s (1999)

A number of coding techniques have been reported to achieve near toll quality synthesized speech at bit-rates around 4 kb/s. These include variants of code excited linear prediction (CELP), sinusoidal transform coding (STC) and multi-band excitation (MBE). While CELP has been an effective technique for bit-rates above 6 kb/s, STC, MBE, waveform interpolation (WI) and mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) models seem to be attractive at bit-rates below 3 kb/s. We present a system to encode speech with high quality using MELP, a technique previously demonstrated to be effective at bit-rates of 1.6-2.4 kb/s. We have enhanced the MELP model producing significantly higher speech quality at bit-rates above 2.4 kb/s. We describe the development and testing of a high quality 4 kb/s MELP coder.
Fourier Transform for Fermionic Systems and the Spectral Tensor Network (2014)

Leveraging the decomposability of the fast Fourier transform, I propose a new class of tensor network that is efficiently contractible and able to represent many-body systems with local entanglement that is greater than the area law. Translationally invariant systems of free fermions in arbitrary dimensions as well as 1D systems solved by the Jordan-Wigner transformation are shown to be exactly represented in this class. Further, it is proposed that these tensor networks be used as generic structures to variationally describe more complicated systems, such as interacting fermions. This class shares some similarities with the Evenbly-Vidal branching multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, but with some important differences and greatly reduced computational demands.
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems in the Presence of Faults (2013)

Elliptic curve cryptography was introduced in the mid 1980s as a promising alternative for cryptographic protocols based on the discrete logarithm problem in the multiplicative group of a finite field (e.g., Diffie-Hellman key exchange or ElGamal encryption/signature). The security of elliptic curve cryptosystems relies on the hardness of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). However, there is no need to make use of strong cryptographic techniques if they are poorly implemented. This talk surveys various fault attacks against elliptic curve cryptosystems. It also presents a number of countermeasures developed so far as well as new ones by exploiting the rich underlying mathematical structure. Finally, several research problems are listed.