gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus As a Cause of Diarrheal Morbidity and Mortality in the United States (1988)

Journal Article Rotavirus As a Cause of Diarrheal Morbidity and Mortality in the United States Get access Mei-Shang Ho, Mei-Shang Ho Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Mei-Shang Ho, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger I. Glass, Roger I. Glass Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul F. Pinsky, Paul F. Pinsky Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry J. Anderson Larry J. Anderson Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 5, November 1988, Pages 1112–1116, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.5.1112 Published: 01 November 1988 Article history Received: 02 March 1988 Revision received: 13 June 1988 Published: 01 November 1988
Progress on the Antimicrobial Activity Research of Clove Oil and Eugenol in the Food Antisepsis Field (2018)

As potential and valuable antiseptics in the food industry, clove oil and its main effective composition eugenol show beneficial advantages on antibacterial and antifungal activity, aromaticity, and safety. Researches find that both clove oil and eugenol express significantly inhibitory effects on numerous kinds of food source microorganisms, and the mechanisms are associated with reducing the migratory and adhesion and inhibiting the synthesis of biofilm and various virulence factors of these microorganisms. Clove oil and eugenol are generally regarded as safe in vivo experiments. However, they may express certain cytotoxicity on fibroblasts and other cells in vitro. Studies on the quality and additive standard of clove oil and eugenol should be strengthened to promote the antiseptic effects of them in the food antiseptic field.
Ray decomposition of the pulse responses of a two-layer half-space (1997)

Using an exact numerical solution, the transient response of a two-layer Earth model is obtained for an obliquely incident transverse magnetic (TM) plane wave. It is shown that the decomposition of the general case into ray contributions is an alternative approach that yields consistent results. Several examples are given to demonstrate the sensitivity of the results to the electrical properties of the subsurface region.
An Analysis of On-Chip-Network Communication Properties on Shared and Multiple Channel Architecture (2008)

The AMBA AHB has been popular bus architecture so far due to its simple architecture. Complex system-on-chips (SoCs) with multiple masters usually employ bus architecture with multiple layers or multiple channels because they require large bandwidth. We construct four systems with different bus configuration to analyze and compare the performance of shared buses and on-chip-network with multiple channels. The systems include multiple masters in parallel processing. The shared bus architecture with multiple layers provides less bandwidth than expected and the on-chip-networks with independent multiple channels show better performance. The system with multiple channels shows 2-3 times better performance than that with the AHB. The results are verified by simulation and implementation using an FPGA.
Fixation, processing, and immunochemical reagent effects on preservation of T-lymphocyte surface membrane antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue. (1987)

Fixatives, fixation additives, paraffin processing reagents, and immunochemical reagents were investigated for effects on preservation of T-lymphocyte surface membrane antigens CD3, CD4, and CD8 in human tonsil. Individual reagent effects were assessed in frozen sections by use of monoclonal antibodies and this information was used to optimize T-cell immunostaining in paraffin sections. Harmful factors were fixation delay, fixation at acid pH, fixation and processing at temperatures above 4 degrees C, hot paraffin wax, proteolytic enzymes, methanolic hydrogen peroxide, Triton X-100, and prolonged iodine treatment. Optimal T-cell demonstration in paraffin sections followed tissue fixation in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde dichromate at 4 degrees C, pH 7.5; processing through isopropanol, then xylene or chloroform, at 4 degrees C; and embedding in low melting point wax at 45-50 degrees C. Graded antigen stability occurred: CD3 most stable, CD8 least, and CD4 intermediate. CD4 and CD8 antigen preservation in paraffin sections required critical optimal tissue handling. CD3 was more stable and was also demonstrated in tissue fixed in commercial formalin, glutaraldehyde, and Bouin's fluid when fixation and processing conditions were optimized for pH and temperature. Of the fixation additives studied, polyethylene glycol and several potassium and magnesium salts enhanced immunostaining, whereas calcium chloride and lidocaine were deleterious.
Internalization and degradation of cholera toxin by cultured cells: relationship to toxin action. (1982)

Using anticholeragen antibodies and 125I-protein A, we developed a specific and quantitative assay for measuring choleragen on the surfaces of cultured cells. When neuroblastoma cells containing bound toxin were incubated at 37 degrees C, surface toxin disappeared with a half-life of approximately 2 h and a significant loss was detected by 10 min. When cells were incubated with 125I-choleragen in order to measure toxin degradation, cell-associated radioactivity disappeared with time and a corresponding amount of TCA-soluble label appeared in the culture medium with a half-life of 4-6 h. No degradation was detected until 45 min. Although there was a lag of 15 min before bound choleragen activated adenylate cyclase, the enzyme became maximally activated between 45 and 60 min. Similar results were obtained with Friend erythroleukemia cells. Internalization, degradation, and activation all were blocked when the cells were maintained at 4 degrees C. At 22 degrees C, internalization and activation occurred, albeit at a slower rate, whereas degradation was effectively inhibited. These results indicated that choleragen does not have to be degraded by intact cells in order for it to activate adenylate cyclase. Some internalization of the toxin, however, appears to precede the activation process.
Antibody Binding and Neutralization of Primary and T-Cell Line-Adapted Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2001)

The relative resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates (PIs) to neutralization by a wide range of antibodies remains a theoretical and practical barrier to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. One model to account for the differential neutralization sensitivity between Pls and laboratory (or T-cell line-adapted [TCLA]) strains of HIV suggests that the envelope protein (Env) complex is made more accessible to antibody binding as a consequence of adaptation to growth in established cell lines. Here, we revisit this question using genetically related PI and TCLA viruses and molecularly cloned env genes. By using complementary techniques of flow cytometry and virion binding assays, we show that monoclonal antibodies targeting the V3 loop, CD4-binding site, CD4-induced determinant of gp120, or the ectodomain of gp41 bind equally well to PI and TCLA Env complexes, despite large differences in neutralization outcome. The data suggest that the differential neutralization sensitivity of PI and TCLA viruses may derive not from differences in the initial antibody binding event but rather from differences in the subsequent functioning of the PI and TCLA Envs during virus entry. An understanding of these as yet undefined differences may enhance our ability to generate broadly neutralizing HIV vaccine immunogens.
Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity (1988)

Research Article| November 01, 1988 Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity James W. Schmoker; James W. Schmoker 1U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 960, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Donald L. Gautier Donald L. Gautier 1U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 960, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (1988) 16 (11): 1007–1010. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1007:SPAAFO>2.3.CO;2 Article history first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation James W. Schmoker, Donald L. Gautier; Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity. Geology 1988;; 16 (11): 1007–1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1007:SPAAFO>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Sandstone porosity decreases in the subsurface as a power function of thermal maturity: ϕ = A(M)B, where ϕ is porosity and M is a measure of thermal maturity representing integrated time-temperature history; A and B are constants for a given sandstone of homogeneous properties but vary between data sets. The commonly observed exponential dependence of sandstone porosity upon depth follows as a special case from this power-function relation when temperature increases linearly with depth. The consideration of sandstone porosity in terms of time-temperature exposure offers advantages in the comparison of porosity data from diverse geologic settings, the recognition of unusual porosity within a sandstone sequence, and the prediction of porosity ahead of the drill and at times in the geologic past. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A novel stacked wideband microstrip patch antenna with U-shaped parasitic elements (2008)

In this paper, a novel wideband microstrip patch antenna with U-shaped parasitic elements stacked with two rectangular patches on a separate layer is proposed. The antenna is simulated by the full-wave electromagnetic simulator and the results of the performance of the proposed antenna are investigated. The antenna input impedance bandwidth is 33% (4.7-6.62 GHz) with respect to the centre frequency of 5.68 GHz. The controlled frequency includes the 802.11a (5.15-5.825 GHz) band, and the antenna proposed can be used for wireless LAN. The antenna is designed on a small size ground plane (25 mm times 30 mm ) for application of compact transceivers.
Initiation of autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice is MHC class I-dependent (1997)

MHC class II alleles clearly contribute a primary genetic component of susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, IDDM does not occur in NOD mice made MHC class I-deficient by a functionally inactivated beta2-microglobulin allele (beta2m(null)). In the present study the beta2m(null) mutation was used to examine the relative contributions of MHC class I and class II-dependent T cell responses for initiating autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction in NOD mice. Splenocytes from diabetic NOD donors transferred IDDM to both lymphocyte-deficient NOD-scid (class I+) and NOD-scid.beta2m(null) mice (class I-). In contrast, splenocytes from young prediabetic NOD donors only transferred IDDM to class I+, but not class I- NOD-scid recipients. However, splenocytes from prediabetic NOD donors did transfer IDDM to NOD-scid.beta2m(null) recipients previously engrafted with class I+, but not class I-, pancreatic islets. CD4+ T cell lines reactive against some syngeneic class I+ targets could be isolated from NOD.beta2m(null) mice. However, NOD.beta2m(null) T cells underwent activation-driven deletion when transferred into class I+ NOD-scid recipients. Hence, the class I autoreactive T cells present in NOD.beta2m(null) donors did not elicit IDDM when transferred into class I+ NOD-scid recipients. Collectively, these results show that autoimmune IDDM in NOD mice is initiated by MHC class I-dependent T cell responses, but this leads to the subsequent activation of additional T cell populations that can mediate pancreatic beta cell destruction in a MHC class I-independent manner.
Between abundance and marginalization: the imperative of racial rhetorical criticism (2016)

Tracing what has become a profound and robust conversation among rhetorical critics, I argue in this essay that questions of race are of such central importance to rhetorical criticism that rhetorical critics must all now participate in a body of work I name racial rhetorical criticism. To make this argument, I trace three racial rhetorical projects, which I name hearing race, seeing race, and bounding race. I conclude with suggestions for future work: a turn toward comparative racial rhetorical studies, an amplification of historical racial rhetorical studies, and a broad partipation from rhetorical critics in racial rhetorical criticism.
Biomineralized Polysaccharide Capsules for Encapsulation, Organization, and Delivery of Human Cell Types and Growth Factors (2005)

Abstract The construction of biomimetic microenvironments with specific chemical and physical cues for the organization and modulation of a variety of cell populations is of key importance in tissue engineering. We show that a range of human cell types, including promyoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, adenovirally transduced osteoprogenitors, immunoselected mesenchymal stem cells, and the osteogenic factor, rhBMP‐2 (BMP: bone morphogenic protein), can be successfully encapsulated within mineralized polysaccharide capsules without loss of function in vivo. By controlling the extent of mineralization within the alginate/chitosan shell membrane, degradation of the shell wall and release of cells or rhBMP‐2 into the surrounding medium can be regulated. In addition, we describe for the first time the ability to generate bead‐in‐bead capsules consisting of spatially separated cell populations and temporally separated biomolecule release, entrapped within alginate/chitosan shells of variable thickness, mineralization, and stability. Such materials offer significant potential as multifunctional scaffolds and delivery vehicles in tissue regeneration of hard and soft tissues.
Molecular analysis of human argininosuccinate lyase: mutant characterization and alternative splicing of the coding region. (1990)

Argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASAL) deficiency is a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder. We previously established by complementation analysis that 28 ASAL-deficient patients have heterogeneous mutations in a single gene. To prove that the ASAL structural gene is the affected locus, we sequenced polymerase chain reaction-amplified ASAL cDNA of a representative mutant from the single complementation group. Fibroblast strain 944 (approximately 1% of residual ASAL activity), from a late-onset patient who was the product of a consanguineous mating, had only a single base-pair change in the coding region, a C-283----T transition at a CpG dinucleotide in exon 3. This substitution converts Arg-95 to Cys (R95C), occurs in a stretch of 13 residues that is identical in yeast and human ASAL, and was present in both of the patient's alleles but not in 14 other mutant or 10 normal alleles. Expression in COS cells demonstrated that the R95C mutation produces normal amounts of ASAL mRNA but little protein and less than 1% ASAL activity. We observed that amplified cDNA from mutant 944 and normal cells (liver, keratinocytes, lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts) contained, in addition to the expected 5' 513-base-pair band, a prominent 318-base-pair ASAL band formed by the splicing of exon 2 from the transcript. The short transcript maintains the ASAL reading frame but removes Lys-51, a residue that may be essential for catalysis, since it binds the argininosuccinate substrate. We conclude (i) that the identification of the R95C mutation in strain 944 demonstrates that virtually all ASAL deficiency results from defects in the ASAL structural gene and (ii) that minor alternative splicing of the coding region occurs at the ASAL locus.
Development of vehicle positioning techniques for an electronic toll collection system (1999)

It is a key technology to be able to identify whether a vehicle is an ETC vehicle or is not in the electronic toll collection (ETC) gate. We propose a vehicle identification system that has a direction finder and two vehicle detectors. A breadboard system was developed and evaluated in the field. It became clear that the system was effective for identification. For the installation, it is necessary to exclude upper structures in front of the direction finder. Evaluation tests on reflective waves and shadowing effects caused by large vehicles were performed. We were able to confirm the reflective waves and diffraction waves produced by large vehicles had little influence on the vehicle identification system. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(3): 1–9, 1999
Validation of the ‘internal reference technique’ for calibrating microdialysis catheters in situ (1995)

In vivo calibration of microdialysis catheters with [3H]glucose as internal reference was done in rat (n = 17) and human (n = 12) subcutaneous tissue. The estimated interstitial glucose level was compared with the glucose concentration in venous plasma which, in turn, has been shown to be identical to the interstitial glucose concentration. In subcutaneous tissue of anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, interstitial glucose was significantly overestimated (43%, P < 0.005, n = 8, and 19%, P < 0.005, n = 9, in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic animals, respectively). Furthermore, fractional outflux of [3H]glucose decreased continuously during prolonged perfusion of the microdialysis catheter. In contrast, in human subcutaneous tissue microdialysed with two catheters, correct measurements of interstitial glucose could be achieved and the precision was comparable to that obtained with equilibration calibration in vivo. The average relative error of the mean result of two catheters was 8.9% at a perfusate flow rate of 1 microL min-1. It may be suggested that calibration in vivo of microdialysis catheters with internal references may be used in human subcutaneous tissue. However, it is necessary to validate the calibration technique in each different tissue under reproducible experimental conditions since accumulation of the reference substance in the tissue may create artefactual results.
Preventing TCP incast throughput collapse at the initiation, continuation, and termination (2012)

Incast applications have grown in popularity with the advancement of data center technology. It is found that the TCP incast may suffer from the throughput collapse problem, as a consequence of TCP retransmission timeouts when the bottleneck buffer is overwhelmed and causes the packet losses. This is critical to the Quality of Service of cloud computing applications. While some previous literature has proposed solutions, we still see the problem not completely solved. In this paper, we investigate the three root causes for the poor performance of TCP incast flows and propose three solutions, one for each at the beginning, the middle and the end of a TCP connection. The three solutions are: admission control to TCP flows so that the flow population would not exceed the network's capacity; retransmission based on timestamp to detect loss of retransmitted packets; and reiterated FIN packets to keep the TCP connection active until the the termination of a session is acknowledged. The orchestration of these solutions prevents the throughput collapse. The main idea of these solutions is to ensure all the on-going TCP incast flows can maintain the self-clocking, thus eliminates the need to resort to retransmission timeout for recovery. We evaluate these solutions and find them work well in preventing the retransmission timeout of TCP incast flows, hence also preventing the throughput collapse.
The germanium–selenium phase diagram (1969)

The Ge–Se phase diagram was determined in the composition range 0–66.67 at. % Se by the method of differential thermal analysis. The diagram differs totally from the one reported by Liu etal. (1) but is in good agreement with the diagram recently reported by Karbanov etal. (13). In its broad features the Ge–Se phase diagram is quite similar to the diagrams of the Ge–S, Sn–S, and Sn–Se systems.
Direct Observation of Conversion Between Threshold Switching and Memory Switching Induced by Conductive Filament Morphology (2014)

Volatile threshold switching (TS) and non‐volatile memory switching (MS) are two typical resistive switching (RS) phenomena in oxides, which could form the basis for memory, analog circuits, and neuromorphic applications. Interestingly, TS and MS can be coexistent and converted in a single device under the suitable external excitation. However, the origin of the transition from TS to MS is still unclear due to the lack of direct experimental evidence. Here, conversion between TS and MS induced by conductive filament (CF) morphology in Ag/SiO 2 /Pt device is directly observed using scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The MS mechanism is related to the formation and dissolution of CF consisting of continuous Ag nanocrystals. The TS originates from discontinuous CF with isolated Ag nanocrystals. The results of current–voltage fitting and Kelvin probe force microscopy further indicate that the TS mechanism is related to the modulation of the tunneling barrier between Ag nanocrystals in CF. This work provides clearly experimental evidence to deepen understanding of the mechanism for RS in oxide‐electrolyte‐based resistive switching memory, contributing to better control of the two RS behaviors to establish high‐performance emerging devices.
Engineering of voltage nonlinearity in high-k MIM capacitor for analog/mixed-signal ICs (2004)

It is demonstrated for the first time that voltage linearity coefficients (VCC) of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors can be engineered and virtually zero VCC can be achieved by using stacked insulator structure of high-K and SiO/sub 2/ dielectrics. Capacitance density of 6 fF/ /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and VCC of 14 ppm/V/sup 2/ achieved in this work are the best ever reported. The HfO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/ stacked MIM shows excellent performance in other parameters as well, such as low leakage current, low TCC, and stable frequency dependence.
Near-infrared optical upconverter based on i-In <sub>0.53</sub> Ga <sub>0.47</sub> As/C <sub>60</sub> photovoltaic heterojunction (2009)

A near-infrared to visible light optical upconverter by the integration of an i-In0.53Ga0.47As/C60 junction and an organic light emitting diode is reported. This device shows the photovoltaic effect of an i-In0.53Ga0.47As/C60 heterojunction and potential application in a pixelless upconversion imaging device.