gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced free radicals and their behaviour in crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (1999)

Free radicals formed in radiation crosslinked PTFE (RX-PTFE) by 60Co γ-rays at 77 K and at room temperature (297 K) were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. ESR spectra observed in RX-PTFE were very different from those of non-crosslinked virgin PTFE (V-PTFE); a broad singlet component assigned to alkyl type radicals was trapped in the amorphous region of RX-PTFE and increased with progress of crosslinking density. The G value of trapped free radicals in RX-PTFE was about 30 times higher than that of V-PTFE. The increase in G value observed upon increasing the crosslinking density was remarkable in a dose range below about 1 MGy. Trapped free radicals decayed around 383 K, the α relaxation temperature for RX-PTFE. Hence free radicals trapped in the crosslinked amorphous region of RX-PTFE could be stabilized by reduction of the molecular motion in the crosslinked polymer matrix. Free radicals formed in RX-PTFE by γ-irradiation were converted effectively to peroxy radicals by reaction with oxygen around 297 K, and the peroxy radicals were also stable at those temperatures. The conversion rate of free radicals to peroxy radicals decreased upon increasing the crosslinking density, because the oxygen diffusion was depressed by the crosslinking. When the specimen containing peroxy radicals was heated to 373 K under vacuum, alkyl radicals appeared via the decay of peroxy radicals; the radicals were reconverted to peroxy radicals by the introduction of oxygen. This means that peroxy radicals abstract F atoms from the main chain of surrounding PTFE molecules, resulting in the formation of alkyl radicals. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth of Somatic Tobacco Cells in Microculture (1960)

Jones, L. E. (Oregon State Coll., Corvallis), A. C. Hildebrandt, A. J. Riker, and J. H. Wu. Growth of somatic tobacco cells in microculture. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(6): 468–475. Illus. 1960.—Somatic cells of hybrid tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum × N. glutinosa) grew more than 4 mo. in microcultures in which critical microscopic observations could be made. Microchambers were made aseptically by placing cells in a droplet of medium on a cover slip that was inverted onto a standard microscope slide with a ring of paraffin oil (U. S. P. Heavy Mineral Oil) and 2 coverslip risers. Growth of single cells was good in a medium previously “conditioned” by a mass of growing cells. The cells divided, enlarged, differentiated, and became senescent. Mitosis was timed in somatic cells in microcultures. During prophase the streaming cytoplasm formed distinctive strands suspending the nucleus and then entered a state of “fixed-tension” in which there was no massflow of organelles. Reversion of the cytoplasm to the usual fluid-flow condition followed cytokinesis.Senescence and impending death in undisturbed, mature, parenchyma cells were preceded by concatenation of the discrete round-oval mitochondria into filiform aggregates. A few “giant” parenchyma cells rejuvenated by forming discrete, free-floating, endogenous cells. When placed in microcultures, the endogenous cells grew into daughter populations that appeared normal.Tobacco cells in microcultures provided a unique experimental material for cytological and cytochemical studies of growth, differentiation, senescence, and rejuvenation in living, somatic, angiosperm cells that were free of artifacts and protected from reactions to shock.
On the calculation of filter coefficients for maximum entropy spectral analysis (1974)

Abstract The maximum entropy method (MEM) for spectral analysis was suggested by Burg (1967). Its mathematical properties have been discussed in detail by Lacoss (1971), Burg (1972), and Ulrych (1972b) who found that the MEM in general is superior to the more conventional methods of spectral estimation. It has, for example, better resolution and gives more realistic power estimates, especially for short data records. However, the application of the method in the analysis of more complicated geophysical data series is reported in a surprisingly small number of papers. Ulrych (1972a) successfully used the MEM for the analysis of data on long period geomagnetic reversals.
Large-<i>N</i>expansion for frustrated quantum antiferromagnets (1991)

A large-N expansion technique based on symplectic [Sp(N)] symmetry for frustrated magnetic systems is proposed and applied to the square-lattice quantum antiferromagnet with first-, second-, and third-neighbor antiferromangetic coupling. In addition to disordered states similar to those in unfrustrated systems, phases with incommensurate coplanar spin correlations and unconfined bosonic spinons are found. The occurrence of ``order from disorder'' is discussed. Neither chirally ordered nor spin-nematic states are found.
The Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Memory of Autobiographical and Public Events (2000)

The amnestic effects of ECT are greatest and most persistent for knowledge about the world (impersonal memory,) compared with knowledge about the self (personal memory), for recent compared with distinctly remote events, and for less salient events. Bilateral ECT produces more profound amnestic effects than RUL ECT, particularly for memory of impersonal events.
Investigation of pellicle influence on reticle flatness (2005)

In lithography systems, the need for increased resolution requires larger numerical apertures and shorter illumination wavelengths. Both of these requirements cause a reduction in the system’s depth of focus resulting in the need for flatter photomasks with specifications under 0.5 micron. Currently the mask blank substrates are measured after polishing, and all subsequent process steps are assumed to have little or no impact on the final mask flatness. With today’s ever tightening flatness requirements, this assumption can no longer be taken for granted. This paper investigates the distortions seen at the reticle surface induced by the mounting of a standard optical pellicle frame to the photomask and relates these distortions to the pellicle frame flatness. The experiment involves using a set of mask blanks that are better than 0.5 micron flatness with similar form errors before attaching the pellicle. Two groups of pellicles are used to create two distinct frame flatness populations: one set assumed to be within specification as purchased; and a second set of pellicles that are intentionally distorted. Mask flatness is compared before and after mounting the pellicles, and all frames are measured for flatness. Correlation between the frame flatness and form to the measured distortion on the reticle surface are made and discussed, and a practical guideline for selecting an appropriate blank flatness and pellicle flatness to achieve the desired reticle flatness is suggested.
High-Voltage Cycling Behavior of Thin-Film LiCoO[sub 2] Cathodes (2002)

Thin-film cathodes having grains of 0.3 μm diam combined with the Lipon electrolyte exhibit excellent capacity retention when cycled up to 4.4 V. High capacity mAh/g) and energy density mWh/g) were obtained between 3.0 and 4.4 V at 0.1 with the capacity fade rate <0.02% per cycle. No evidence of grain fracture was detected by direct observation of the cycled thin-film cathodes by transmission electron microscopy. When cycled to >4.4 V, there is a more rapid increase in cell resistance and reduced capacity at high current densities. This is attributed to the onset of a phase transition at >4.4 V accompanied by an abrupt change in the c parameter. When a cathode is completely delithiated by charging to 5.0 V, cycling ability is still retained, but Li reinsertion into is not a fully reversible reaction of the Li extraction from © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Magnetversuch Heute? (1977)

Seit McKeown 1876, Pooley 1880 sowie Pagenstecher 1881 den Nachweis der Magnetisierbarkeit intraokularer Fremdkörper in die Ophthalmologie einführten, ist die Magnetisierbarkeit eines intraokularen Fremdkörpers zu einer der wichtigsten Eigenschaften geworden, deren präoperative Kenntnis für den Operationsweg von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
Behavior and calibration of the copper(II) ion-selective electrode in high chloride media and marine waters (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior and calibration of the copper(II) ion-selective electrode in high chloride media and marine watersStuart L. Belli and Alberto. ZirinoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 19, 2583–2589Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00067a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00067a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital beamforming and MIMO SAR: Review and new concepts (2012)

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a unique tool for large scale Earth observation, but the current generation of SAR sensors suffers from some fundamental limitations with regard to their imaging and mapping capabilities. To overcome these limitations, several new instrument architectures and SAR imaging modes have been suggested that employ digital beamforming (DBF), multiple aperture data recording and MIMO SAR tech-niques. This paper provides a critical review of these techniques and makes some suggestions for further im-provements. Special attention is given to advanced DBF and MIMO SAR concepts for ultra-wide swath imaging.
FraudVis: Understanding Unsupervised Fraud Detection Algorithms (2018)

Discovering fraud user behaviors is vital to keeping online websites healthy. Fraudsters usually exhibit grouping behaviors, and researchers have effectively leveraged this behavior to design unsupervised algorithms to detect fraud user groups. In this work, we propose a visualization system, FraudVis, to visually analyze the unsupervised fraud detection algorithms from temporal, intra-group correlation, inter-group correlation, feature selection, and the individual user perspectives. FraudVis helps domain experts better understand the algorithm output and the detected fraud behaviors. Meanwhile, FraudVis also helps algorithm experts to fine-tune the algorithm design through the visual comparison. By using the visualization system, we solve two real-world cases of fraud detection, one for a social video website and another for an e-commerce website. The results on both cases demonstrate the effectiveness of FraudVis in understanding unsupervised fraud detection algorithms.
[Genetic classification of riboflavin-dependent mutants of Pichia guilliermondii yeasts]. (1979)

114 riboflavinless mutants were selected from the genetic line of Pichia guilliermondii yeast. By means of accumulation test the mutants were divided into five biochemical groups. In genetic experiments seven complementation classes were found among 106 mutants. The strains of the I biochemical group, accumulating no specific products, corresponded to complementation class rib1; II group, accumulating 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine - to the class rib2; III group, accumulating 2,6-dihydroxy-4-ribitylaminopyrimidine - to the class rib3; the mutants of the IV group, accumulating 2,6-dihydroxy-5-amino-4-ribitylaminopyrimidine, were divided into three complementation classes rib4, rib5 and rib6; the mutants of the V group, acculumating 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, corresponded to the class rib7. Two mutants of the IV biochemical group within complementation classes rib4 and rib5 were detected could not grow in the medium with diacetyl without riboflavin. Intragenic complementation was found within classes rib6 and rib7. No linkage between mutations of different complementation classes was detected.
Improvement of<sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub>-><sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub>Transition Rate and Thermal Stabilities in Er<sup>3+</sup>-Doped TeO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Spectroscopic and thermal analysis indicates that tellurite glasses doped with B2O3 and GeO2 are promising candidate host materials for wide-band erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with a high 980 nm pump efficiency. In this study, we measured the thermal stabilities and the emission cross-sections for Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in this tellurite glass system. We also determined the Judd-Ofelt parameters and calculated the radiative transition rates and the multiphonon relaxation rates in this glass system. The 15 mol% substitution of B2O3 for TeO2 in the Er3+-doped 75TeO2-20ZnO-5K2O glass raised the multiphonon relaxation rate for 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition from 4960 s−1 to 24700 s−1, but shortened the lifetime of the 4I13/2 level by 14 % and reduced the emission cross-section for the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition by 11%. The 15 mol% GeO2 substitution in the same glass system also reduced the emission cross-section but increased the lifetime by 7%. However, the multiphonon relaxation rate for 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition was raised merely by 1000 s−1. Therefore, a mixed substitution of B2O3 and GeO2 for TeO2 was concluded to be suitable for the 980 nm pump efficiency and the fluorescence efficiency of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses.
Analytical method for nonionic surfactants in laboratory biodegradation and environmental studies (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical method for nonionic surfactants in laboratory biodegradation and environmental studiesStanton L. Boyer, Kathryn F. Guin, Richard M. Kelley, Marvin L. Mausner, Howard F. Robinson, Thomas M. Schmitt, Charles R. Stahl, and Eugene A. SetzkornCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 13, 1167–1171Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60136a001https://doi.org/10.1021/es60136a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PU-GAN: A Point Cloud Upsampling Adversarial Network (2019)

Point clouds acquired from range scans are often sparse, noisy, and non-uniform. This paper presents a new point cloud upsampling network called PU-GAN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , which is formulated based on a generative adversarial network (GAN), to learn a rich variety of point distributions from the latent space and upsample points over patches on object surfaces. To realize a working GAN network, we construct an up-down-up expansion unit in the generator for upsampling point features with error feedback and self-correction, and formulate a self-attention unit to enhance the feature integration. Further, we design a compound loss with adversarial, uniform and reconstruction terms, to encourage the discriminator to learn more latent patterns and enhance the output point distribution uniformity. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the quality of our results over the state-of-the-arts in terms of distribution uniformity, proximity-to-surface, and 3D reconstruction quality.
The Preparation of Basic Alcohols and Basic Alkyl Chlorides which Contain a 1-Hexa-,1-Hepta- or 1-Octamethylenimino Radical (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Basic Alcohols and Basic Alkyl Chlorides which Contain a 1-Hexa-,1-Hepta- or 1-Octamethylenimino RadicalF. F. Blicke and N. J. DoorenbosCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 9, 2317–2322Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01638a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01638a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Novel Glucose Sensing Fluids with Potential Application to Microelectromechanical Systems-Based Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2008)

We have successfully developed a stable, biocompatible polymeric system for the sensitive detection of glucose. MEMS experiments demonstrated that the sensing fluid was able to sense glucose at different concentrations. This sensing system can potentially enable highly reliable, continuous monitoring of glucose in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue.
A Local Control Approach to Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks (2013)

This paper address the problem of voltage regulation in power distribution networks with deep penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) without any explicit communication between the buses in the network. We cast the problem as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the distance between the bus voltage magnitudes and some reference voltage profile. We present an iterative algorithm where each bus updates the reactive power injection provided by their DER. The update at a bus only depends on the voltage magnitude at that bus, and for this reason, we call the algorithm a local control algorithm. We provide sufficient conditions that guarantee the convergence of the algorithm and these conditions can be checked a priori for a set of feasible power injections. We also provide necessary conditions establishing that longer and more heavily loaded networks are inherently more difficult to control. We illustrate the operation of the algorithm through case studies involving 8-,34- and 123-bus test distribution systems.
569. The action of formaldehyde on proteins. Part II. Some reactions of N-hydroxymethylamides (1952)

R. D. Haworth, D. H. Peacock, W. R. Smith and R. MacGillivray, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2972 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520002972
Estimation of lifetime expectancies of motors (1992)

Methods for evaluating lifetime expectations are discussed. Factors that affect the life of bearings and brushes and of wire coil insulation are identified. Thermal life of insulation and methods for accelerated testing are discussed. Examples are included to assist in the calculation of such factors as motor temperature-rise conditions and the benefits to be realized through upgrading the thermal classification of the motor insulation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Mobile Outdoor Augmented Reality Method Combining Deep Learning Object Detection and Spatial Relationships for Geovisualization (2017)

The purpose of this study was to develop a robust, fast and markerless mobile augmented reality method for registration, geovisualization and interaction in uncontrolled outdoor environments. We propose a lightweight deep-learning-based object detection approach for mobile or embedded devices; the vision-based detection results of this approach are combined with spatial relationships by means of the host device's built-in Global Positioning System receiver, Inertial Measurement Unit and magnetometer. Virtual objects generated based on geospatial information are precisely registered in the real world, and an interaction method based on touch gestures is implemented. The entire method is independent of the network to ensure robustness to poor signal conditions. A prototype system was developed and tested on the Wuhan University campus to evaluate the method and validate its results. The findings demonstrate that our method achieves a high detection accuracy, stable geovisualization results and interaction.
Powder Metallurgy and Sintered Materials (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Production Routes 1.2. Product Groups 1.3. History and Developments 1.4. Economic Aspects 2. Powder Production 2.1. Mechanical Methods 2.1.1. Mechanical Disintegration of Melts 2.1.2. Mechanical Disintegration of Solids 2.2. Physicochemical Methods 2.3. Chemical Methods 3. Powder Properties and Characterization 4. Powder Conditioning 5. Pressing and Forming at Ambient Temperatures 5.1. Uniaxial Pressing 5.2. Isostatic Pressing, Cold Rolling, and Extrusion 5.3. Pouring, Preforming, and Injection Molding 6. Sintering 6.1. The Sintering Process 6.1.1. Solid‐State Sintering 6.1.2. Liquid‐Phase Sintering 6.2. Sintering Furnaces and Atmospheres 7. Pressing and Shaping at Elevated Temperature 7.1. Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing 7.2. Sinter Forging and other Methods 8. Structural Parts 8.1. Structural Ferrous Parts 8.1.1. Low‐Alloyed Steels 8.1.2. High‐Alloyed Steels 8.1.3. Secondary Operations 8.2. Copper and Copper Alloys 8.3. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 9. High‐Performance Materials 9.1. High‐Melting Metals and Alloys 9.2. Light Alloys 9.2.1. High‐Performance Aluminum Alloys 9.2.2. Titanium and Titanium Alloys 9.2.3. Magnesium and Beryllium 9.3. High‐Temperature Nickel and Cobalt Superalloys 9.4. Magnetic Materials 9.5. Hardmetals and Cermets 9.6. Metal ‐ Ceramic Composites 9.7. Electric Contact Materials 9.7.1. Contact Materials for Low‐Voltage Switchgear 9.7.2. Contact Materials for High‐Voltage Switchgear 10. Parts with Inherent, Functional Porosity
Workshop on SIGCHI public policy (2006)

In this paper we describe the goals of a one-day workshop to be held at CHI 2006 whose goal is to form an action plan for the SIGCHI U.S. Public Policy committee for the next year.