gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging whole <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria by using single-particle x-ray diffraction (2002)

We report the first experimental recording, to our knowledge, of the diffraction pattern from intact Escherichia coli bacteria using coherent x-rays with a wavelength of 2 A. By using the oversampling phasing method, a real space image at a resolution of 30 nm was directly reconstructed from the diffraction pattern. An R factor used for characterizing the quality of the reconstruction was in the range of 5%, which demonstrated the reliability of the reconstruction process. The distribution of proteins inside the bacteria labeled with manganese oxide has been identified and this distribution confirmed by fluorescence microscopy images. Compared with lens-based microscopy, this diffraction-based imaging approach can examine thicker samples, such as whole cultured cells, in three dimensions with resolution limited only by radiation damage. Looking forward, the successful recording and reconstruction of diffraction patterns from biological samples reported here represent an important step toward the potential of imaging single biomolecules at near-atomic resolution by combining single-particle diffraction with x-ray free electron lasers.
Cleaning procedure for indium implantation (2002)

Indium implantation in a medium current ion implantation becomes a common requirement for the next generation VLSI fabrication. It is essential to keep high utilization rate of equipment to reduce the cost of VLSI fabrication. As for a medium current ion implanter, running all ion species including indium ion in one machine is the solution to keep high utilization rate of the machine. To use the indium ion with other ion species in a medium current ion implanter, it is necessary to control the cross contamination of the indium when implantation other ion species. In this paper, experimental data of the indium cross contamination at B, P, As implantation is reviewed and effective cleaning procedure to reduce cross contamination and other side effects of indium usage is reported.
Enhanced Cross-Linking of Diazirine-Modified Sialylated Glycoproteins Enabled through Profiling of Sialidase Specificities (2015)

Sialic-acid-mediated interactions play critical roles on the cell surface, providing an impetus for the development of methods to study this important monosaccharide. In particular, photo-cross-linking sialic acids incorporated onto cell surfaces have allowed covalent capture of transient interactions between sialic acids and sialic-acid-recognizing proteins via cross-linking. However, natural sialic acids also present on the cell surface compete with photo-cross-linking sialic acids in binding events, limiting cross-linking yields. In order to improve the utility of one such photo-cross-linking sialic acid, SiaDAz, we examined a number of sialidases, enzymes that remove sialic acids from glycoconjugates, to find one that would cleave natural sialic acids but remain inactive toward SiaDAz. Using this sialidase, we improved SiaDAz-mediated cross-linking of an antisialyl Lewis X antibody and of endoglin. This protocol can be applied generally to sialic-acid-mediated interactions and will facilitate identification of sialic acid binding partners.
Tunnel repair using high-strength and high-performance sprayed concrete (2009)

A rock stability problem developed during the construction of the northern tube of the St Kuzam Tunnel, in the town of Rijeka, Croatia and about 30 m of constructed tunnel collapsed. Experience gained from the application of high-strength, high-performance sprayed concrete (HPFRS) showed that this material is suitable for use as a primary tunnel lining.
Image Enhancement Of Handwritten Drawings And Their Recognition Followed By Interactive Processing (1986)

An algorithm for preprocessing scanner input data is proposed to achieve high quality bilevelization by locally adaptive pixel density enhancement. Symbol recognition based on Segment Pair Matching (SPM) and interactive processing for creating a drawing database are also discussed. The SPM can detect symbols of different sizes simultaneously and their interior patterns are recognized by using distance transformation. Further, a structure model of a drawing is presented. Finally, there is a discussion of how the elements of each model category can be interactively processed by superimposing recognized data on the enhanced image data on a CRT screen.
Spontaneous Radiative Recombination in Semiconductors (1957)

The mechanisms by which electrons and holes recombine with the emission of radiation are examined. Expressions are derived for the radiative recombination lifetimes due to direct and indirect transitions and are applied to Ge and Si. Matrix elements in the transition probability for direct and indirect transitions are obtained from analyses of the cyclotron resonance effective mass data and the optical absorption data close to the band edge, respectively. For indirect transitions the calculated lifetimes were of the order of seconds and agreed within a factor of 3 with lifetimes calculated by the method of Van Roosbroeck and Shockley. It is shown that in Ge at room temperature, while the density of filled states in the conduction band at k=0 is very low, the rate of recombination by direct transitions is nevertheless somewhat greater than that by indirect transitions. This is consistent with the findings of Haynes. The role of radiative recombination in the observed lifetimes of excess carriers is questioned. It is concluded that for those semiconductors which have a rather high absorption constant close to the band edge (InSb), an emitted photon is usually reabsorbed before it can escape from the crystal, producing another hole-electron pair, without contributing to the macroscopically observed lifetime. In the limit of a very high absorption constant, this emission and absorption of photons acts as an additional mechanism for the diffusion of hole-electron pairs.
Characteristics of periodically domain-inverted LiTaO3 (1992)

A periodically domain-inverted structure in LiTaO3 has been fabricated for quasiphase-matched (QPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG). Uniform proton exchange is achieved with pyrophosphoric acid. Using this technique with a Ta mask followed by heat treatment, the periodically domain-inverted structure for quasiphase matching is realized over large areas. The effect of fabrication conditions on the domain-inverted profile is investigated to form a periodic structure having a considerable depth and a short inversion period. Consequently, a third-order QPM-SHG device can be fabricated by using this periodically domain-inverted structure and proton-exchanged waveguide. To investigate period regularity of the domain-inverted structure and nonlinearly of the inverted region, phasematching characteristics and conversion efficiency of this device are examined. The formation mechanism of the domain inversion is also discussed.
Evaluation of robenidine analog NCL195 as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agent (2017)

The spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Recent approaches towards combating antimicrobial resistance include repurposing old compounds with known safety and development pathways as new antibacterial classes with novel mechanisms of action. Here we show that an analog of the anticoccidial drug robenidine (4,6-bis(2-((E)-4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; NCL195) displays potent bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting the cell membrane potential. NCL195 was less cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines than the parent compound, showed low metabolic degradation rates by human and mouse liver microsomes, and exhibited high plasma concentration and low plasma clearance rates in mice. NCL195 was bactericidal against Acinetobacter spp and Neisseria meningitidis and also demonstrated potent activity against A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polymyxin B. These findings demonstrate that NCL195 represents a new chemical lead for further medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical development to enhance potency, solubility and selectivity against serious bacterial pathogens.
Structure and function of endosomes in plant cells (2012)

Endosomes are a heterogeneous collection of organelles that function in the sorting and delivery of internalized material from the cell surface and the transport of materials from the Golgi to the lysosome or vacuole. Plant endosomes have some unique features, with an organization distinct from that of yeast or animal cells. Two clearly defined endosomal compartments have been studied in plant cells, the trans-Golgi network (equivalent to the early endosome) and the multivesicular body (equivalent to the late endosome), with additional endosome types (recycling endosome, late prevacuolar compartment) also a possibility. A model has been proposed in which the trans-Golgi network matures into a multivesicular body, which then fuses with the vacuole to release its cargo. In addition to basic trafficking functions, endosomes in plant cells are known to function in maintenance of cell polarity by polar localization of hormone transporters and in signaling pathways after internalization of ligand-bound receptors. These signaling functions are exemplified by the BRI1 brassinosteroid hormone receptor and by receptors for pathogen elicitors that activate defense responses. After endocytosis of these receptors from the plasma membrane, endosomes act as a signaling platform, thus playing an essential role in plant growth, development and defense responses. Here we describe the key features of plant endosomes and their differences from those of other organisms and discuss the role of these organelles in cell polarity and signaling pathways.
[Multiple primary cancer of the large intestine in patients with diffuse polyposis]. (1990)

Primary multiple cancer of the colon was diagnosed in 116 out of 636 (18.2%) cases of diffuse polyposis of the organ. Cancer was more likely to develop in patients with proliferative forms of diffuse colonic polyposis (97.4%). Surgical procedure was determined by tumor site and extent of polyposis.
Radiolytic degradation of dioxin on soil: Optimal conditions and economic considerations (1994)

Abstract This paper reports results of 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) destruction on artificially contaminated soil using Cobalt‐60 ( 60 Co) gamma radiation. A standard soil (EPA SSM‐91) was artificially contaminated with 2, 3, 7, 8‐TCDD to 100 ppb. In the presence of 25 percent water, 2 percent surfactant (RA‐40™), and high irradiation dose (800 KGy), greater than 90 percent TCDD destruction was achieved resulting in a final TCDD concentration of less than 7 ppb. This paper discusses some of the factors unique to soil contamination that will influence the effectiveness of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, various aspects, including economics, that affect the feasibility of using 60 Co for TCDD destruction are considered. Preliminary consideration of some key economic factors indicates that costs of a 60 Co systems are competitive relative to electron beam or incineration systems.
Studies on metal-ion complex formation of crown ether derivatives incorporating a photoionizable spirobenzopyran moiety by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2000)

Metal-ion complexation of crown ether derivatives incorporating one and two spirobenzopyran units was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The crowned spirobenzopyran derivatives exhibited very different metal ion-complexing behavior from their corresponding parent crown ether rings, preferring multivalent to monovalent metal ions owing to the additional ionic interaction with the nitrophenolate anion of the merocyanine moiety. The on-line photochemical reaction for mass spectrometry indicated that the metal ion-complexing ability and ion selectivities of the crowned spirobenzopyrans can be switched photochemically, taking advantage of the difference between the spiropyran and merocyanine isomers.
Pre-Bötzinger Complex: a Brainstem Region that May Generate Respiratory Rhythm in Mammals (1991)

The location of neurons generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals is unknown. By microsection of the neonatal rat brainstem in vitro, a limited region of the ventral medulla (the pre-Bötzinger Complex) that contains neurons essential for rhythmogenesis was identified. Rhythm generation was eliminated by removal of only this region. Medullary slices containing the pre-Bötzinger Complex generated respiratory-related oscillations similar to those generated by the whole brainstem in vitro, and neurons with voltage-dependent pacemaker-like properties were identified in this region. Thus, the respiratory rhythm in the mammalian neonatal nervous system may result from a population of conditional bursting pacemaker neurons in the pre-Bötzinger Complex.
Inhibition of Hepatoma Cell Growth in Vitro by Arylating and Non-arylating K Vitamin Analogs (1999)

We recently found that a thioether analog of K vitamin (Cpd 5) inhibited the activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep3B). We have now examined the structural requirements for induction of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation and PTPase inhibition by several K vitamin analogs. Thioether analogs with sulfhydryl arylation capacity, especially those with a hydroxy (Cpd 5) or a methoxy group at the end of the side chain, induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation, but non-arylating analogs, such as those with an all-carbon or O-ether side chain, did not. Among the receptor-tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptors were tyrosine-phosphorylated by treatment with thioether analogs, whereas insulin and hepatocyte growth factor receptors were not. An increase in tyrosine-phosphorylated ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase was also observed. The activity of purified T cell PTPase was inhibited only by the thioether analogs, but not by non-arylating analogs. Furthermore, the epidermal growth factor receptor dephosphorylation activity of Hep3B cell lysates was inhibited by Cpd 5 treatment. A similar induction of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation by Cpd 5 was seen in other human hepatoma cell lines together with growth inhibition. However, one cell line (HepG2), which was relatively resistant to growth inhibition by Cpd 5, did not increase its phosphorylation levels upon Cpd 5 treatment. These results suggest that cell growth inhibition by thioether analogs is closely associated with inhibition of PTPases by sulfhydryl arylation and with tyrosine phosphorylation of selected proteins.
Absolute Depth Estimation From a Single Defocused Image (2013)

Shape from defocus (SFD) is one of the most popular techniques in monocular 3D vision. While most SFD approaches require two or more images of the same scene captured at a fixed view point, this paper presents an efficient approach to estimate absolute depth from a single defocused image. Instead of directly measuring defocus level of each pixel, we propose to design a sequence of aperture-shape filters to segment a defocused image by defocus level. A boundary-weighted belief propagation algorithm is employed to obtain a smooth depth map. We also give an estimation of depth error. Extensive experiments show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art single-image SFD approaches both in precision of the estimated absolute depth and running time.
CVS release history data for detecting logical couplings (2004)

The dependencies and interrelations between classes and modules affect the maintainability of object-oriented systems. It is therefore important to capture weaknesses of the software architecture to make necessary corrections. We describe a method for software evolution analysis. It consists of three complementary steps, which form an integrated approach for the reasoning about software structures based on historical data: 1) the quantitative analysis uses version information for the assessment of growth and change behavior; 2) the change sequence analysis identifies common change patterns across all system parts; and 3) the relation analysis compares classes based on CVS release history data and reveals the dependencies within the evolution of particular entities. We focus on the relation analysis and discuss its results; it has been validated based on empirical data collected from a concurrent versions system (CVS) covering 28 months of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Our software evolution analysis approach enabled us to detect shortcomings of PACS such as architectural weaknesses, poorly designed inheritance hierarchies, or blurred interfaces of modules.
Use of Linear Solvation Energy Relationships for Modeling Responses from Polymer-Coated Acoustic-Wave Vapor Sensors (2001)

The applicability and performance of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) as models of responses from polymer-coated acoustic-wave vapor sensors are critically examined. Criteria for the use of these thermodynamic models with thickness-shear-mode resonator (TSMR) and surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) vapor sensors are clarified. Published partition coefficient values derived from gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) are found to be consistently lower than those obtained gravimetrically, in accordance with previous reports, suggesting that LSERs based on GLC-derived partition coefficients will not provide accurate estimates of acoustic-wave sensor responses. The development of LSER models directly from polymer-coated TSMR vapor sensor response data is demonstrated and a revised model developed from SAW vapor sensor response data, which takes account of viscoelastic changes in polymeric coating films, is presented and compared to those developed by other methods.
Preserve medicare to ensure value for our health dollars (2014)

In February this year we celebrated the 30th anniversary of the commencement of Medicare. For millions of Australians there has never been anything but Medicare. Every Australian under 30 has grown up under a system of universal care, and it's important to take that in context for what it has meant for health outcomes in Australia.
Effects of colour exposure on auditory and somatosensory perception--hints for cross-modal plasticity. (2008)

This data give further evidence for cross-modal plasticity in human perception. Colour stimulation influences auditory and somatosensory perception and may therefore have potential as a new treatment strategy of phantom perceptions such as tinnitus or chronic pain.
New developments in the coordination chemistry of inorganic selenide and telluride ligands (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew developments in the coordination chemistry of inorganic selenide and telluride ligandsLisa C. Roof and Joseph W. KolisCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 3, 1037–1080Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00019a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00019a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1837Altmetric-Citations332LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diffusion of benzene and toluene into aqueous nitric acid‐sulphuric acid mixtures (1976)

Abstract Diffusion coefficients of toluene and benzene into aqueous mixtures of nitric and sulphuric acids have been measured at 30°C by use of a laminar jet technique. Equations are presented which correlate the data in terms of the acid concentrations and permit extrapolation to acid mixtures of interest for industrial mononitration reactions. The results show the expected dependence on viscosity of the acid phase and are in agreement with values predicted by the Wilke and Chang correlation.
STRUCTURAL MODULATIONS OF PLASMALEMMAL VESICLES (1968)

Structural modulations affecting a small fraction of the population of plasmalemmal vesicles of vascular endothelia are described. They include forms which are apparently produced by the fusion of the vesicular membrane with the plasmalemma and by the successive elimination of the layers of the two fused membranes. Such modulations are assumed to represent stages in the discharge process of vesicular contents. Other forms, characterized by their flask shape and elongated neck, are assumed to represent stages in the formation and loading of membrane invaginations, followed by their being pinched off to form isolated vesicles. Stages in a membrane-fusion process leading to the formation of apertured fenestrae and channels are also described in fenestrated endothelia. The visualization of these structural details is greatly facilitated by staining tissue specimens with uranyl acetate before dehydration.
Ambiguities in the Scattering Tomography for Central Potentials (2006)

Invisibility devices exploit ambiguities in the inverse scattering problem of light in media. Scattering also serves as an important general tool to infer information about the structure of matter. We elucidate the nature of scattering ambiguities that arise in central potentials. We show that scattering is a tomographic projection: The integrated scattering angle is a projection of a scattering function onto the impact parameter. This function depends on the potential but may be multivalued, allowing for ambiguities where several potentials share the same scattering data. In addition, multivalued scattering angles also lead to ambiguities. We apply our theory to show that it is, in principle, possible to construct an invisibility device without infinite phase velocity of light.