gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioimaging with Macromolecular Probes Incorporating Multiple BODIPY Fluorophores (2017)

Seven macromolecular constructs incorporating multiple borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophores along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone with decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains were synthesized. The hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) components impose solubility in aqueous environment on the overall assembly. The hydrophobic decyl chains effectively insulate the fluorophores from each other to prevent detrimental interchromophoric interactions and preserve their photophysical properties. As a result, the brightness of these multicomponent assemblies is approximately three times greater than that of a model BODIPY monomer. Such a high brightness level is maintained even after injection of the macromolecular probes in living nematodes, allowing their visualization with a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, relative to the model monomer, and no cytotoxic or behavioral effects. The covalent scaffold of these macromolecular constructs also permits their subsequent conjugation to secondary antibodies. The covalent attachment of polymer and biomolecule does not hinder the targeting ability of the latter and the resulting bioconjugates can be exploited to stain the tubulin structure of model cells to enable their visualization with optimal signal-to-noise ratios. These results demonstrate that this particular structural design for the incorporation of multiple chromophores within the same covalent construct is a viable one to preserve the photophysical properties of the emissive species and enable the assembly of bioimaging probes with enhanced brightness.
Novel Polymer Aerogel toward High Dimensional Stability, Mechanical Property, and Fire Safety (2017)

Inorganc silica-based aerogels, the earliest and widely used aerogels, have poorer mechanical properties than their organic substitutes, which are flammable. In this study, a novel polymeric aerogel with high strength, inherent flame retardancy, and cost-effectiveness, which is based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with melamine-formaldehyde (MF), was prepared under aqueous condition with an ecofriendly freeze-drying and postcuring process. Combined with the additional rigid MF network and benifited from the resulting unique infrastructure of inter-cross-linked flexible PVA segments and rigid MF segments, PVA-based aerogels exibited a significantly decreased degradation rate and sharply decreased peak heat release rate (PHRR) in cone calorimeter tests (by as much as 83%) compared with neat PVA. The polymer aerogels have a limiting oxygen index (LOI) as high as 36.5% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Furthermore, the aerogel samples exposured to harsh temperatures maintain their dimensions (<10% change), original mechanical strength and fire safety. Therefore, this work provides a novel stragegy for preparing pure organic polymeric aerogel materials with high mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and fire safety.
Prefabricated Patient-Matched Cranial Implants for Reconstruction of Large Skull Defects (2013)

Cranial defects can be caused by injury, infection, or tumor invasion. Large defects should be reconstructed to protect the brain and normalize the cerebral hemodynamics. The conventional method is to cover the defect with bone cement. Custom-made implants designed for the individual patient are now available. We report our experience with one such product in patients with large cranial defects (>7.6 cm in diameter). A CT scan with 2 mm slices and a three-dimensional reconstruction were obtained from the patient. This information was dispatched to the company and used as a template to form the implant. The cranial implant was received within four weeks. From 2005 to 2010, custom-made cranial implants were used in 13 patients with large cranial defects. In 10 of the 13 patients, secondary deep infection was the cause of the cranial defect. All the implants fitted well or very well to the defect. No infections were seen after implantation; however, one patient was reoperated on for an epidural hematoma. A custom-made cranial implant is considerably more expensive than an implant made of bone cement, but ensures that the defect is optimally covered. The use of custom-made implants is straightforward and timesaving, and they provide an excellent medical and cosmetic result.
Sonic Activation in Chemical Systems: Oxidations at Audible Frequencies (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSonic Activation in Chemical Systems: Oxidations at Audible FrequenciesEarl W. Flosdorf, Leslie A. Chambers, and Wm. M. MalisoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 7, 1069–1076Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01298a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01298a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Browsing multimedia objects via composite icons (2002)

In multimedia databases, browsing paradigm can complement the weak querying capability on the media data with human cognitive capability. This allows users to navigate through the database without the deep knowledge of the textual query and the organization of the database. But there exist several drawbacks such as the overview of many objects and the repetitious short-sighted navigation. Still most existing browsing methods cannot overcome these drawbacks of the browsing paradigm simultaneously. Therefore this paper presents an enhanced icon browsing method that overcomes these drawbacks. This method allows users to browse the aggregation hierarchy of the multimedia objects and to compare and navigate through these objects via composite icons. In addition, we formalize the retrieval mechanism that seamlessly integrates querying and the proposed method with a running example.
Natural Organic Compounds That Affect to Microtubule Functions (1998)

Microtubules (MT), composed of a protein tubulin (TN) α, β-heterodimer with concomitant other proteins, microtubule associated proteins (MAPs and τ), are known to be the main component of spindles in a mitotic apparatus of eucaryotic cells, and are also involved in many other basic and essential cell functions. There are a number of natural and synthetic compounds that interfere with MT function to cause the mitotic arrest of eucaryotic cells. Such antimitotic agents show a broad biological activity, and can be used for medicinal and agrochemical purposes. On the other hand, they are also important as the biochemical tools for understanding the dynamics of MT network. Most of such antimitotic agents, with a few exceptions, bind to β-TN. Among them, colchicine (CLC), vinblastine (VLB) and taxol have been of major importance in biochemical studies of MT and in studies of their intracellular functions. The former two both inhibit MT assembly but their binding sites on β-TN are different ; CLC-site and VLB-site, and many MT inhibitors bind to either sites. Taxol bind to TN at a site other than CLC-site and VLB-site, and promote MT assembly. We have worked on a variety of antimitotic agents that bind to CLC, VLB or taxol-site, in discoveries, structures, bilogical actions and/or interactions with TN. In this paper, I summarized the results of our studies on VLB-site ligands ; (1) rhizoxin (RZX), isolated as a phytotoxin produced by a plant pathogenic fungus, and its related compounds, (2) derivatives of ansamitocin P-3 (ASMP3) (maytansinoid : MAY), isolated as a cytotoxic metabolite of an Actinomycete, (3) phomopsin A (PMSA), isolated as a mycotoxin produced by a plant parasitic fungus, (4) dolastatin 10 (DLS10), isolated as a cytotoxic metabolite of a see animal, (5) ustiloxins (USL) A-F, isolated as a mycotoxin produced by a plant pathogenic fungus, (6) arenastatin A (ARSA), isolated as a cytotoxic metabolite of a sponge, and its synthetic analogs. From our studies on interactions of these VLB-site ligands with TN, we showed that the presence of a distinct RZX/MAY-binding site which only partially overlap with VLB-site, and that PMSA, DLS10, USLs and ARSA bind to the RZX/MAY site. RZX, ASMP3 and ARSA inhibit the growth of a variety of fungi, including Aspergillus nidulans. In order to obtain information as to the drug-TN interaction at the RZX/MAY site, RZX-resistant β-TN gene mutants, single amino acid (100th) alteration, asparagine-to-isoleucine, was observed. Sequence displacement experiments confirmed that this alteration conferred resistance to RZX and ASMP3, and also to ARSA. This resistance mechanism was further verified with yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces serevisiae. All the natural ligands mentioned above show potent cytotoxicity against human and murine tumor cells, but VLB, PMSA, DLS10 and USLA are inactive to both RZX-sensitive and -resistant fungal strains.
MR Imaging Helps Predict Time from Symptom Onset in Patients with Acute Stroke: Implications for Patients with Unknown Onset Time (2010)

Signal intensity changes on 1.5-T FLAIR MR images can be used as a surrogate marker of stroke age, either qualitatively or quantitatively. This suggests that MR imaging might be used as a "clock" for determining stroke age in patients with an unknown onset time, potentially increasing the number of patients who are eligible for thrombolysis.
Beyond list mode: On-line rebinning and histogramming for continuous bed motion in clinical whole-body TOF PET/CT (2010)

In this article, methods are described which help move the concept of continuous bed motion (CBM) for TOF PET (i.e. for PET/CT applications) out of the realm of list-mode-only research and into everyday clinical usage. Long proposed for PET, CBM moves the patient horizontally (at a more or less steady rate) through the PET FOV during the acquisition and offers several points of advantage over the more common patient-held-stationary-to-PET-FOV approach. One primary obstacle to frequent clinical application of CBM in PET has been the inability to provide on-line, real-time detector-pair-to-projection-space-bin-address rebinning calculations along with the associated on-line histogramming. Here are presented details for one approach to overcome just such obstacles - significantly allowing the on-line generation of single TOF projection data sets which may each represent an entire whole-body scan. A set of 5 real list-mode data files were collected from a TOF PET/CT - a system which has been outfitted with a patient handling system (PHS or “bed”) which is shown to be largely sufficient for CBM in PET. For an F-18 point source - placed for first a 1cm and then a 10cm transaxial offset, list-mode data was collected for both stationary and horizontal bed motion cases. In addition, a CBM list-mode data set was collected for a custom, F-18, 100cm-long, cylindrical phantom. These data sets were processed in a manner computationally equivalent to that proposed for the realtime, on-line processing case. By comparing stationary to CBM image quality, the resulting analysis strongly suggests these proposed methods will provide real-time CBM processing which is compatible with the needs of clinical-grade TOF PET. As perhaps expected from CBM, the Z-axis FWHM is shown to generally improve over the stationary case via finer axial sampling in the rebinning step. As may be atypical, one specific data point showed a Z-axis improvement of 6.5%. Other examples - which may be more typical - showed little or no Z-axis FWHM improvement when applying CBM.
Neural decoding using a nonlinear generative model for brain-computer interface (2014)

Kalman filters have been used to decode neural signals and estimate hand kinematics in many studies. However, most prior work assumes a linear system model, an assumption that is almost certainly violated by neural systems. In this paper, we show that adding nonlinearities to the decoding algorithm improves the accuracy of tracking hand movements using neural signal acquired via a 32-channel micro-electrocorticographic (μECoG) grid placed over the arm and hand representations in the motor cortex. Experimental comparisons indicate that a Kalman filter with a fifth order polynomial generative model relating the hand kinematics signals to the neural signals improved the mean-square tracking performance in the hand movements over a conventional Kalman filter employing a linear system model. This finding is in accord with the current neurophysiological understanding of the decoded signals.
Mapping parallel computations onto distributed systems in Paralex (2002)

Paralex is a programming environment that allows parallel programs to be developed and executed on distributed systems as if the latter were uniform parallel multiprocessor computers. Architectural heterogeneity, remote communication and failures are rendered transparent to the programmer through automatic system support. The authors address the problems of initial mapping and dynamic alteration of the association between parallel computation components and distributed hosts. Results include novel heuristics and mechanisms to resolve these problems despite the complexities introduced by architectural heterogeneity fault tolerance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Activity by Wild-Type and Mutant Hepatitis B Virus X Proteins (2002)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core promoter regulates the transcription of two related RNA products named precore RNA and core RNA. Previous studies indicate that a double-nucleotide mutation that occurs frequently during chronic HBV infection converts a nuclear receptor binding site in the core promoter to the binding site of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1) and specifically suppresses the transcription of the precore RNA. This mutation also changes two codons in the overlapping X protein coding sequence. In this report, we demonstrate that the X protein and its mutant X(mt) can physically bind to HNF-1 both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses indicate that both X and X(mt) can enhance the gene transactivation and the DNA binding activities of HNF-1. This finding demonstrates for the first time that the X protein can stimulate the DNA binding activity of a homeodomain transcription factor. Interestingly, while both X and X(mt) can stimulate the HNF-1 activities, they differ in their effects: a smaller amount of X(mt) is needed to generate greater transactivation and DNA binding activities of HNF-1. This functional difference between X and X(mt) may have important implications in HBV pathogenesis and is apparently why they have different effects on the core promoter bearing the HNF-1 binding site.
Analysis of the Pyrolysis Products of Dimethyldichlorosilane in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide in Argon (1990)

A study of the products and reactions occurring during the chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from dimethyl‐dichlorosilane in argon is presented. Reaction conditions were as follows: 700° to 1100°C, a contact time of ∽1 min, and a pressure of 1 atm (∽0.1 MPa). At these conditions, the gases that formed were mainly methane, hydrogen, silicon tetrachloride, trichlorosilane, and methyltrichlorosilane. Hydrogen chloride might also be present, but was not determined. The silicon carbide solid that formed showed the presence of hydrogen and chlorine as impurities, which might degrade the silicon carbide properties. These impurities were eliminated slowly, even at 1100°C, forming hydrogen, trichlorosilane, and silicon tetrachloride.
A switching power supply based on emulated current mode control (2008)

With emulated current mode control,the feedback current is made by IC but not the actual feedback voltage and current.It prevents control from being too sensitive to the noise from outside,so the power supply can work stabler.Design of switching power supply based on emulated current mode control of LM5005 was proposed.The experiment result of switching power supply based on Boost converter was presented at last.The practice proves that the power supply has characteristus of steaely output voltage,small ripple and high efficiency.
613. Isothiazole: a new mononuclear heterocyclic system (1959)

A. Adams and R. Slack, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 3061 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590003061
Midinfrared semiconductor optical metamaterials (2009)

We report on a novel class of semiconductor metamaterials that employ a strongly anisotropic dielectric function to achieve negative refraction in the midinfrared region of the spectrum, ∼8.5–13 μm. We present two types of metamaterials, layered highly doped/undoped heterostructures and quantum well superlattices that are highly anisotropic. Contrary to other optical metamaterials these heterostructure systems are optically thick (up to 20 μm thick), planar, and require no additional fabrication steps beyond the initial growth. Using transmission and reflection measurements and modeling of the highly doped heterostructures, we demonstrate that these materials exhibit negative refraction. For the highly doped quantum well superlattices, we demonstrate anomalous reflection due to the strong anisotropy of the material but a determination of the sign of refraction is still difficult. This new class of semiconductor metamaterials has great potential for waveguiding and imaging applications in the long-wave infrared.
Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals (2016)

Due to their abundance in natural clay and potential applications in advanced materials, discotic nanoparticles are of interest to scientists and engineers. Growth of such anisotropic nanocrystals through a simple chemical method is a challenging task. In this study, we fabricate discotic nanodisks of zirconium phosphate [Zr(HPO4)2·H2O] as a model material using hydrothermal, reflux and microwave-assisted methods. Growth of crystals is controlled by duration time, temperature, and concentration of reacting species. The novelty of the adopted methods is that discotic crystals of size ranging from hundred nanometers to few micrometers can be obtained while keeping the polydispersity well within control. The layered discotic crystals are converted to monolayers by exfoliation with tetra-(n)-butyl ammonium hydroxide [(C4H9)4NOH, TBAOH]. Exfoliated disks show isotropic and nematic liquid crystal phases. Size and polydispersity of disk suspensions is highly important in deciding their phase behavior.
[The ananlysis of relationship between fetal stress and blood dynamics in fetal vessels and placental bed vessels]. (1996)

The results showed that fetal and placental flow dynamics study examined by color Doppler ultrasound is an effective method in the assessment of fetal well-being.
ARP-like direct link transmission scheme in WLAN (2009)

IEEE 802.11 is the most wide-spread standard for wireless LAN due to easy installation and low cost. Most of the WLAN established around the world are working on infrastructure mode. In such mode, there exists an access point (AP) to be a portal to the Internet for wireless users in its coverage. For communications inside a cell, the infrastructure mode is not an efficient way for data transmission. When the number of traffics increases in the WLAN, the contention for accessing the channel makes the system throughput degrade dramatically. How to improve the effectiveness of bandwidth utilization is always one of the most important issues in wireless communications. A better way would be setting up a direct link connection for transmissions between non-hidden stations. In this paper, we refer to Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and propose a simple new scheme, called ARP-like Direct Link Transmission scheme, to set up direct link connections among non-hidden stations in the same cell. The proposed scheme can effectively improve the overall system throughput and reduce the delay and jitter as shown in the simulation results.
The role of UDP‐glucose epimerase in carbohydrate metabolism of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1998)

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucose-4-epimerase (UDP-Glc epimerase) catalyses the reversible epimerization of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose. In contrast to bacteria and yeast, expression of the UDP-Glc epimerase gene in Arabidopsis was found not to be induced by galactose. To elucidate the metabolic role of this enzyme, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the respective cDNA in sense or antisense orientation were constructed, leading to a range of plant lines with different UDP-Glc epimerase activities. No alterations in morphology were observed and the relative amounts of different galactose-containing compounds were not affected if the plants were raised on soil. However, on agar plates in the presence of galactose, the growth of different lines was increasingly repressed with decreasing enzyme activity, and an increase in the UDP-Gal content was observed in parallel, whereas the UDP-Glc content was nearly constant. The amount of galactose in the cell wall was increased in plants with low UDP-Glc epimerase activity grown on galactose, whereas the cellulose content in the leaves was not altered. Furthermore, starch determined at different times of the day was highly abundant in plants with low UDP-Glc epimerase activity in the presence of galactose. It is proposed that low endogenous UDP-Glc epimerase activity is responsible for the galactose toxicity of the wild-type. Possible mechanisms by which the starch content might be modulated are discussed.
Enhanced transduction of malignant glioma with a double targeted Ad5/3-RGD fiber-modified adenovirus (2006)

Malignant brain tumors remain refractory to adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based gene therapy, mostly due to the lack of the primary Ad5 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, on brain tumor cells. To bypass the dependence on coxsackie and adenovirus receptor for adenoviral entry and infectivity, we used a novel, double targeted Ad5 backbone-based vector carrying a chimeric Ad5/3 fiber with integrin-binding RGD motif incorporated in its Ad3 knob domain. We then tested the new virus in vitro and in vivo in the setting of malignant glioma. Ad5/3-RGD showed a 10-fold increase in gene expression in passaged cell lines and up to 75-fold increase in primary tumors obtained from patients relative to the control. These results were further corroborated in our in vivo human glioma xenograft model, where the Ad5/3-RGD vector showed a 1,000-fold increase in infectivity as compared with the control. Taken together, our findings indicate that Ad5/3-RGD may be a superior vector for applications in glioma gene therapy and therefore warrants further attention in the field of neuro-oncology.