gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Micromachining of Coated YBa2Cu3O6+x Superconducting Thin Films (2004)

Over the last decade advances in high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials have generated a renewed optimism in the use of this technology in future high-power applications including motors, generators, and power transmission. The most promising superconducting material, YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO), has demonstrated current density capacity as high as 106 A/cm2 and is typically deposited epitaxially as a thin film on a buffered metallic substrate. The coated conductor architecture Ag/YBCO/Buffer/Ni-based substrate, as does other heteromaterials, introduces unique challenges to the laser micromachining process. In the present study, optimization of the laser micromachining process for machining grooves extending through the YBCO into the buffer layer is considered. A frequency tripled diode-pumped solid-state Nd:YVO4 laser at 355 nm is used in conjunction with both fixed and scanning optical systems. The dependence of cut quality, dimension, and local damage to the YBCO layer on the laser processing parameters including focal spot size, pulse overlap, and fluence will be discussed. Preliminary experimental results indicate that laser micromachining may be used as a reliable process for patterning of superconducting tapes.
Learning subsequential transducers for pattern recognition interpretation tasks (1993)

A formalization of the transducer learning problem and an effective and efficient method for the inductive learning of an important class of transducers, the class of subsequential transducers, are presented. The capabilities of subsequential transductions are illustrated through a series of experiments that also show the high effectiveness of the proposed learning method in obtaining very accurate and compact transducers for the corresponding tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinicopathologic view of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas. (1999)

Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors (IPMTs) of the pancreas form a special group of neoplasms characterized by intraductal papillary growth of mucin-producing columnar cells. Included among these neoplasms are papillary and villous adenomas, lesions with mucinous duct ectasia and mucin-producing carcinomas. Most patients are males and present with episodic pancreatitis-like symptoms, which may have been noted for years. These symptoms are due to incomplete and later complete duct obstruction by papillary proliferations and/or mucin, which eventually cause fibrotic atrophy of the normal parenchyma. At the time of diagnosis, malignant non-invasive IPMTs are observed in 5-30% of the cases. Fifteen to forty percent of the IPMTs show invasion and half of the invasive IPMTs have metastases. Pre-operatively, invasiveness cannot be predicted. Patients with non-invasive IPMT survive for long periods after surgery, as do many patients with invasive, non-metastatic IPMT, although intraductal proliferation with a mild degree of atypia may be present at the resection margin. In patients with invasive and metastatic IPMT, survival ranges from a few months up to 3 years.
Bezafibrate Increases Preβ1-HDL at the Expense of HDL <sub>2b</sub> in Hypertriglyceridemia (2000)

Prebeta1-high density lipoprotein (prebeta1-HDL), the initial acceptor of cell-derived cholesterol, can be generated from HDL(2) by hepatic lipase. Because bezafibrate elevates lipase activity, it may increase prebeta1-HDL at the expense of HDL(2). To answer this question, we determined the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) distribution in 20 hypertriglyceridemics (triglycerides>2.26 mmol/L) and 20 sex-matched normolipidemics by native 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At baseline, prebeta1-HDL was 70% higher in hypertriglyceridemics than in normolipidemics (123.5+/-49.9 versus 72.5+/-34.1 mg/L apoA-I, P<0.01). Prebeta1-HDL was positively correlated with triglyceride (r=0.624, P<0.0001). A 4-week bezafibrate treatment (400 mg daily) increased prebeta1-HDL by 30% (160.2+/-64.5 mg/L apoA-I, P<0.05) but decreased HDL(2b) by 31% (from 188.8+/-94.9 to 129.3+/-78.7 mg/L apoA-I, P<0.05). Hepatic lipase activity increased by 24% (P<0.005). Prebeta1-HDL was generated either from ultracentrifugally isolated HDL(2) or from plasma during incubation with triglyceride lipase. In conclusion, bezafibrate increases prebeta1-HDL at the expense of HDL(2). We speculate that such an effect might partly contribute to the antiatherogenic action of bezafibrate.
Sustained Sample Rate in Digital Oscilloscopes (1997)

One of the most basic specifications in digital oscilloscopes is the maximum sample rate. Oscilloscope users often understand the theory of signal sampling and signal reproduction, but often mistakenly assume that the oscilloscope always samples at its maximum sample rate. In reality, two specifications need to be considered: the maximum sample rate and the acquisition memory behind the signal sampler. At all but a few of the fastest sweep speeds, the acquisition memory depth and not the maximum sample rate determines the oscilloscope’s actual sample rate and consequently how accurately the input signal is represented on the oscilloscope display. The deeper the acquisition memory, the longer the oscilloscope can sustain a high sampling frequency on slow time-per-division settings, thus increasing the actual sample rate of the oscilloscope and improving how the input signal looks on the oscilloscope screen.
Autologous intramuscular transplantation of engineered satellite cells induces exosome-mediated systemic expression of Fukutin-related protein and rescues disease phenotype in a murine model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (2017)

α-Dystroglycanopathies are a group of muscular dystrophies characterized by α-DG hypoglycosylation and reduced extracellular ligand-binding affinity. Among other genes involved in the α-DG glycosylation process, fukutin related protein (FKRP) gene mutations generate a wide range of pathologies from mild limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I), severe congenital muscular dystrophy 1C (MDC1C), to Walker-Warburg Syndrome and Muscle-Eye-Brain disease. FKRP gene encodes for a glycosyltransferase that in vivo transfers a ribitol phosphate group from a CDP -ribitol present in muscles to α-DG, while in vitro it can be secreted as monomer of 60kDa. Consistently, new evidences reported glycosyltransferases in the blood, freely circulating or wrapped within vesicles. Although the physiological function of blood stream glycosyltransferases remains unclear, they are likely released from blood borne or distant cells. Thus, we hypothesized that freely or wrapped FKRP might circulate as an extracellular glycosyltransferase, able to exert a "glycan remodelling" process, even at distal compartments. Interestingly, we firstly demonstrated a successful transduction of MDC1C blood-derived CD133+ cells and FKRP L276IKI mouse derived satellite cells by a lentiviral vector expressing the wild-type of human FKRP gene. Moreover, we showed that LV-FKRP cells were driven to release exosomes carrying FKRP. Similarly, we observed the presence of FKRP positive exosomes in the plasma of FKRP L276IKI mice intramuscularly injected with engineered satellite cells. The distribution of FKRP protein boosted by exosomes determined its restoration within muscle tissues, an overall recovery of α-DG glycosylation and improved muscle strength, suggesting a systemic supply of FKRP protein acting as glycosyltransferase.
미취학 아동의 치아우식증과 식습관 및 간식섭취와의 관계 (2010)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to correlation between the index of dental caries in primary teeth and the habits of diet and snack which are expected to influence on the index. The subjects of this study were 165 parents of the children who visited a pediatric dental hospital located in Gyeong-gi do from Jun. 15th to Sep. 26th, 2009, and the self-report questionnaire survey was performed. Methods: A questionnaire used in a previous study was revised and completed for this study and it consisted of 15 items on general characteristic, nine items on dietary habit, and five items on snack intake habit. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS program and findings are as follows Results: 1. The index of dental caries in primary teeth by ages was that children of four years old has 4~5 with 27.5%, children of five years old has 2~3 and 4~5 with 33.3% and children of six years old has 1 and 8~9 with 25.6%, showing a statistically significant(χ2=37.72, p<.01). 2. The frequency of brushing teeth was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=61.20, p<.001). 3. The frequency of taking snack was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=51.42, p<.001). 4. The desirability of dietary habit was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=36.51, p<.001). 5. The frequency of taking biscuit was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=67.74, p<.001). 6. The frequency of taking bread was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=29.63, p<.01). 7. The frequency of taking caramel and candy was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=38.85, p<.001). 8. The frequency of taking soft drinks was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=52.92, p<.001). 9. The frequency of taking ice-creams was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (χ2=75.07, p<.001). Conclusions: Those findings show that the children with undesirable dietary habit and higher frequency of taking snack have higher index of dental caries in primary teeth, therefore, it is considered that the regular brushing teeth and establishment of desirable dietary habit are very important for keeping health oral cavity. It is recommended that the continuous concern and repeated learning are needed in house and group of rearing infants so that the children take foods of fruits which have function of self-purification than the food of carbohydrates which has high adhesion and level of sweetness.
High efficiency reduction capability for the formation of Fab׳ antibody fragments from F(ab)2 units (2015)

Antibodies have widespread applications in areas ranging from therapeutics to chromatography and protein microarrays. Certain applications require only the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) units of the protein. This study compares the cleavage efficacy of dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethylamine (MEA), and dithiobutylamine (DTBA) - a relatively new reducing agent synthesized in 2012. Pseudo-first order kinetic analyses show DTBA to be ~213 times faster than DTT and ~71 times faster than MEA in the formation of Fab׳ antibody fragments from polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Monoclonal mouse antibodies were also used to show the feasibility of the reduction process on antibodies from a different species and with a different clonality. DTBA cleaved the monoclonal mouse F(ab)<sub>2</sub> units most efficiently, ~2 times faster than DTT ~10 times faster than MEA. Due to the extremely quick reactivity of all the reducing agents in the first five minutes of monoclonal antibody reductions as well as for the DTBA reductions of the polyclonal rabbit antibodies, the pseudo-first order kinetic analyses should be interpreted qualitatively for these results. Nucleophilic sulfides on Fab׳ fragments are preserved in the DTBA reduction process, demonstrated by their reactivity with Ellman׳s reagent. Degradation of the Fab׳ fragments was observed with the monoclonal mouse antibodies after reduction with DTBA or DTT. In conclusion, DTBA is the more efficient reducing agent compared to DTT and MEA, however, the reduction process should be optimized as degradation of the Fab׳ fragments is possible.
Optimal Scheduling of Critical Peak Pricing Considering Wind Commitment (2013)

Demand response has been widely implemented as one of the “virtual” control mechanisms to make peak load management more efficient and economic. One of the popular demand response programs is called critical peak pricing (CPP). Relatively simple pricing schemes and convenient implementation within current energy system metering infrastructure make it well accepted by many utilities and load-serving entities (LSEs). In this paper, we investigate the optimal scheduling of CPP events from the perspective of an LSE which has wind energy to sell into the day-ahead market. The goal is to minimize the total operational cost for the whole planning horizon, taking into account the energy purchasing cost, revenue from the CPP, and wind energy sales, as well as imbalance penalties due to wind energy over- and under-commitments. We propose a multi-stage stochastic mixed integer nonlinear programming model. In addition, we perform various analyses of both the special case of a single-stage problem and the general multi-stage problem analytically and experimentally. Our analysis leads to useful operational insights and policy implications on how to manage a renewable-integrated system more efficiently.
Fibroblast Growth Factors, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors, Diseases, and Drugs (2006)

Maintenance of endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of the vascular tree, is a presumed function of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In particular, the two prototypic members of FGF family, namely FGF1 and FGF2, due to their potent mitogenic and pro-migratory activities, have the ability to induce metabolic and phenotypic changes in ECs that are required to stimulate angiogenesis. In addition to FGF1 and FGF2, 23 other members of the FGF family have since been identified and characterized and they are reviewed in relation to their disease pathology. Particular emphasis is given to the biology of the FGFs and FGFRs on how they mediate the onset of angiogenesis. The focus of the present review is to survey what is known about the role of the currently identified FGFs and their four high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors in diseases and the angiogenesis-targeted drugs currently in clinical trials. Some new and promising patented drugs that target the angiogenic pathway are discussed. Examination of the currently patented drugs may identify more potent and specific regulators of FGF/FGFR signaling system for treatment of tumor angiogenesis in clinical settings. Additionally, novel drug development strategies are highlighted and reviewed.
Towards recovering the broken SOA triangle (2007)

Service-oriented computing (SOC) receives a lot of attention from academia and industry as a means to develop flexible and dynamic software solutions. Facing the facts, service-oriented solutions are by far not as dynamic and adaptable as they claim to be. The initial idea of the SOA triangle to publish-find-bind-execute a service is often not implemented as envisioned due to a number of missing or wrongly-used concepts. In our ongoing VReSCO project, a service-oriented infrastructure is being developed which aims at solving a number of grand challenges currently evident in the SOC community. In this paper we present our initial work on providing a reasonable basis that addresses the issues of dynamic binding and invocation by leveraging a flexible solution based on notifications.
A Systematic Model for Dynamics and Control of Dual Clutch Transmissions (2009)

This paper focuses on the dynamic modeling and analysis of dry dual clutch transmissions (DCTs) during vehicle launch and shifts. The system model incorporates the clutch torque control strategies for DCT vehicle launch and shifts. This model is capable of quantitatively analyzing and predicting dual clutch transmission dynamic characteristics and performance metrics, such as launch response and shift patterns, thus providing an analytical tool for DCT torque control and calibration. The model is applied for a test vehicle equipped with a dry dual clutch transmission. The simulation data on vehicle launch and shift dynamic characteristics are highly agreeable to the data obtained on the test vehicle.
Efficient modelling of spiking neural networks on a scalable chip multiprocessor (2008)

We propose a system based on the Izhikevich model running on a scalable chip multiprocessor - SpiNNaker - for large-scale spiking neural network simulation. The design takes into account the requirements for processing, storage, and communication which are essential to the efficient modelling of spiking neural networks. To gain a speedup of the processing as well as saving storage space, the Izhikevich model is implemented in 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic. An approach based on using two scaling factors is developed, making the precision comparable to the original. With the two scaling factors scheme, all of the firing patterns by the original model can be reproduced with a much faster execution speed. To reduce the communication overhead, rather than sending synaptic weights on communicating, we only send out event packets to indicate the neuron firings while holding the synaptic weights in the memory of the post-synaptic neurons, which is so-called event-driven algorithm. The communication based on event packets can be handled efficiently by the multicast system supported by the SpiNNaker machine. We also describe a system level model for spiking neural network simulation based on the schemes above. The model has been functionally verified and experimental results are included. An analysis of the performance of the whole system is presented at the end of the paper.
Determination of the Platinum and Ruthenium Surface Areas in Platinum−Ruthenium Electrocatalysts by Underpotential Deposition of Copper. 2. Effect of Surface Composition on Activity (2002)

Submonolayer amounts of Ru have been deposited on a polycrystalline Pt bead electrode from a solution containing 6.68 × 10-4 mol dm-3 RuNO(NO3)3 using an impinging jet apparatus. Deposition of Ru on a platinum surface almost completely covered with Hads due to exchange of the adsorbed hydrogen with Ru3+ produces a surface coverage of 0.12 ± 0.02. The reduction of Ru occurs via two separate pathways: in one, metallic Ru is deposited on the surface; in the other, the complex is reduced to an intermediate oxidation state and remains soluble. The latter process, which occurs at potentials less than about 0.25 V has not been previously reported and may explain some of the discrepancies seen in the literature. For characterization of the resultant Pt(Ru) surface we compare the approach developed by Motoo and Watanabe (J. Electroanal. Chem. 1975, 60, 267−273)1 and Frelink et al. (Langmuir 1996, 12, 3702)2 with that utilizing copper upd. The latter approach is applicable for Ru coverage from 0 up to at least 0.80, whereas the former methods are only applicable up to a coverage of ca. 0.30. On addition of Ru to a clean Pt surface a small initial drop in total surface area is seen, but the area then remains quite constant with increasing Ru coverage. In comparison, the charge measured from stripping of a saturated CO layer adsorbed at 0.3 V(RHE) shows an increase with Ru coverage. The most active surface for the oxidation of an adsorbed CO layer as measured by the potential at which half of the CO has been oxidized is found to contain a Ru surface coverage of 0.2. In comparison, for the oxidation of methanol at 25 °C, it is found that there is a broad maximum in catalytic activity for Ru surface coverage in the range 0.25−0.5. The long term poisoning rate of the electrodes is highly dependent upon Ru coverage, showing a minimum over the range 0.4−0.6.
Morphological Effects, Rate of Incorporation, and the Enzymatic Action of Botulinum ADP‐Ribosyltransferase, Known as C3 Exoenzyme, on Human Neuroblastoma GOTO Cells (1994)

The susceptibility of various lines of cultured cells to botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase, known as C3 exoenzyme, was examined. Human neuroblastoma GOTO cells were most sensitive. The C3 exoenzyme caused a change in cell shape that involved extension of neurites. The exoenzyme evoked the outgrowth of neurites from chick ganglion as effectively as nerve growth factor, suggesting that C3 exoenzyme possesses neurotropic activity. Experiments with 125I-labeled enzyme revealed that C3 exoenzyme was rapidly incorporated into cells but the number of incorporated enzyme molecules was small. Once C3 exoenzyme had been incorporated, ADP-ribosylation of the substrate (Rho protein) in GOTO cells occurred immediately and rapidly reached a maximum level. However, some of Rho proteins remained unmodified even after induction of the change in morphology. These findings suggest that ADP-ribosylation by C3 exoenzyme is directly associated with the differentiation of GOTO cells but that other events may also participate in this process.
Two Minimal Problems for Cameras with Radial Distortion (2007)

Epipolar geometry and relative camera pose computation for uncalibrated cameras with radial distortion has recently been formulated as a minimal problem and successfully solved in floating point arithmetics. The singularity of the fundamental matrix has been used to reduce the minimal number of points to eight. It was assumed that the cameras were not calibrated but had same distortions. In this paper we formulate two new minimal problems for estimating epipolar geometry of cameras with radial distortion. First we present a minimal algorithm for partially calibrated cameras with same radial distortion. Using the trace constraint which holds for the epipolar geometry of calibrated cameras to reduce the number of necessary points from eight to six. We demonstrate that the problem is solvable in exact rational arithmetics. Secondly, we present a minimal algorithm for uncalibrated cameras with different radial distortions. We show that the problem can be solved using nine points in two views by manipulating polynomials by a sequence of Gauss-Jordan eliminations in exact rational arithmetics. We demonstrate the algorithms on synthetic and real data.
Translation by ribosome shunting on adenovirus and <i>hsp70</i> mRNAs facilitated by complementarity to 18S rRNA (2000)

Translation initiation on eukaryotic mRNAs involves 40S ribosome association with mRNA caps (m(7)GpppN), mediated by initiation factor eIF4F. 40S eukaryotic ribosomes and initiation factors undergo 5' scanning to the initiation codon, with no known role for complementarity between eukaryotic 18S rRNA and the 5' noncoding region of mRNAs. We demonstrate that the 5' noncoding region of human adenovirus late mRNAs, known as the tripartite leader, utilizes a striking complementarity to 18S rRNA to facilitate a novel form of translation initiation referred to as ribosome shunting, in which 40S ribosomes bind the cap and bypass large segments of the mRNA to reach the initiation codon. Related elements are also shown to promote ribosome shunting in adenovirus IVa2 intermediate phase mRNA during virus infection and in human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA for selective translation during heat shock. The importance of mRNA complementarity to 18S rRNA suggests that ribosome shunting may involve either specific RNA structural features or a prokaryotic-like interaction between mRNA and rRNA.
Design and Synthesis of a Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (2007)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have potential for cancer therapy. An HDAC inhibitor based on a cyclic peptide mimic of known structure, linked by an aliphatic chain to a hydroxamic acid, was designed and synthesized. The chimeric compound showed potent competitive inhibition of nuclear HDACs, with an IC50 value of 46 nM and a Ki value of 13.7 nM. The designed inhibitor showed 4-fold selectivity for HDAC1 (57 nM) over HDAC8 (231 nM).