gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AN EHF backplate design for airborne active phased array antennas (2002)

An EHF array backplate design for use in airborne active phase array antennas is described. The backplate utilizes a multilayer substrate and reduced waveguide for signal routing, while a counterflow air cooling technique is used to cool the GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) active devices. The integrated design is characterized by temperature-coefficient-matched materials to insure a rigid, thermally stable structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On joint source-channel decoding for correlated sources (2002)

Whenever digital communications is subject to constraints in delay and complexity, some residual redundancy remains after source coding. Shannon's separation theorem does not hold strictly and hence joint source-channel decoding is beneficial. In this paper we discuss two competing approaches exploiting residual redundancy in terms of (auto)-correlation. Both will be analyzed with respect to their impact on quantization noise and channel distortion. The first approach exploits redundancy at the receiver for minimum mean squared error estimation of source codec parameters. The second approach exploits correlation at the transmitter by predictive encoding. The prediction gain allows to reduce quantization noise or bitrate. The spare bitrate can be used for specific error protection and hence reduction of channel distortion. But otherwise, less redundancy is utilizable at the receiver for parameter estimation. Simulations will show that the predictive encoding scheme improves quality in a wide range of channel conditions, but in contrast to Shannon's separation theorem the utilization of correlation at the receiver side is beneficial in very bad channel conditions.
<i>Agrobacterium</i> T‐<scp>DNA</scp> integration into the plant genome can occur without the activity of key non‐homologous end‐joining proteins (2015)

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major model proposed for Agrobacterium T-DNA integration into the plant genome. In animal cells, several proteins, including KU70, KU80, ARTEMIS, DNA-PKcs, DNA ligase IV (LIG4), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR), play an important role in 'classical' (c)NHEJ. Other proteins, including histone H1 (HON1), XRCC1, and PARP1, participate in a 'backup' (b)NHEJ process. We examined transient and stable transformation frequencies of Arabidopsis thaliana roots mutant for numerous NHEJ and other related genes. Mutants of KU70, KU80, and the plant-specific DNA Ligase VI (LIG6) showed increased stable transformation susceptibility. However, these mutants showed transient transformation susceptibility similar to that of wild-type plants, suggesting enhanced T-DNA integration in these mutants. These results were confirmed using a promoter-trap transformation vector that requires T-DNA integration into the plant genome to activate a promoterless gusA (uidA) gene, by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of Nicotiana benthamiana NHEJ genes, and by biochemical assays for T-DNA integration. No alteration in transient or stable transformation frequencies was detected with atm, atr, lig4, xrcc1, or parp1 mutants. However, mutation of parp1 caused high levels of T-DNA integration and transgene methylation. A double mutant (ku80/parp1), knocking out components of both NHEJ pathways, did not show any decrease in stable transformation or T-DNA integration. Thus, T-DNA integration does not require known NHEJ proteins, suggesting an alternative route for integration.
Variable Spreading and Chip Repetition Factors (VSCRF)-CDMA in Reverse Link for Broadband Packet Wireless Access (2005)

This paper proposes Variable Spreading and Chip Repetition Factors (VSCRF)-Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) broadband packet wireless access in the reverse link, which flexibly supports employing the same air interface in various radio environments such as a cellular system with a multi-cell configuration and local areas such as very-small cell, indoor, and isolated-cell environments. In VSCRF-CDMA, we propose two schemes: the first is a combination of time-domain spreading with an orthogonal code and chip repetition that achieves orthogonal multiple access in the frequency domain by utilizing a comb-shaped frequency spectrum, and the other is adaptive control of the spreading factor and chip repetition factor according to the cell configurations, number of simultaneously accessing users, propagation channel conditions, and major radio link parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed VSCRF-CDMA associated with the combination of the spreading factor, SF D , of four and the chip repetition factor, CRF, of four improves the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E b /N 0 ) for the average packet error rate of 10 -2 by approximately 2.0 dB compared to DS-CDMA only employing SF D = 16 assuming four simultaneously accessing users in an exponentially decaying six-path Rayleigh fading channel with two-branch diversity reception.
RF transmitter architecture investigation for power efficient mobile WiMAX applications (2008)

Wireless broadband digital communication systems with high spectral efficiency suffer from severe power efficiency problem. Peak-to-Average Power Ratio is reported up to 12dB for WiMAX 802.16e systems implementing OFDM IFFT-1024 and 64-QAM modulation. In this work, outphasing (LINC) and polar transmitter architectures are investigated and compared with direct conversion (DC) architecture. Complete system solution targeting 23dBm output power is evaluated. System level simulation result shows that, with linear power combiner, LINC consumes more power than DC if non-clipping modulation scheme used. And polar system has stringent 3 degree phase matching and 0.5dB gain matching requirements to meet EVM and spectrum mask specifications.
Separation of Protein Conformers by Differential Ion Mobility in Hydrogen-Rich Gases (2013)

Proteins in solution or the gas phase tend to exhibit multiple conformational families, each comprising distinct structures. Separation methods have generally failed to resolve these, with their convolution producing wide peaks. Here, we report full separation of >10 conformers for most ubiquitin charge states by the new approach of differential ion mobility spectrometry (field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, FAIMS) employing H2/N2 gas mixtures with up to 85% H2. The resolving power (up to 400) is five times the highest previously achieved (using He/N2 buffers), greatly increasing the separation specificity. The peak widths match the narrowest obtained by FAIMS for any species under the same conditions and scale with the protein charge state (z) and ion residence time (t) as z(-1/2) and t(-1/2), as prescribed for instrumental (diffusional) broadening. This suggests resolution of specific geometries rather than broader ensembles.
On-line EM Algorithm for the Normalized Gaussian Network (2000)

A normalized gaussian network (NGnet) (Moody & Darken, 1989) is a network of local linear regression units. The model softly partitions the input space by normalized gaussian functions, and each local unit linearly approximates the output within the partition. In this article, we propose a new on-line EM algorithm for the NGnet, which is derived from the batch EM algorithm (Xu, Jordan, & Hinton 1995), by introducing a discount factor. We show that the on-line EM algorithm is equivalent to the batch EM algorithm if a specific scheduling of the discount factor is employed. In addition, we show that the on-line EM algorithm can be considered as a stochastic approximation method to find the maximum likelihood estimator. A new regularization method is proposed in order to deal with a singular input distribution. In order to manage dynamic environments, where the input-output distribution of data changes over time, unit manipulation mechanisms such as unit production, unit deletion, and unit division are also introduced based on probabilistic interpretation. Experimental results show that our approach is suitable for function approximation problems in dynamic environments. We also apply our on-line EM algorithm to robot dynamics problems and compare our algorithm with the mixtures-of-experts family.
Effect of cell-penetrating peptide-coated nanostructured lipid carriers on the oral absorption of tripterine (2012)

The oral bioavailability of tripterine is dramatically increased by CT-NLCs. Therefore, CT-NLCs seem to be a promising carrier for oral delivery of tripterine.
Lipid profiles of conidia of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and a fatty acid auxotroph (1987)

Conidial lipids of the wild-type (V35) Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) were compared. The wild type contained lower levels (7.6%) of phospholipids and higher levels (28.4%) of glycolipids than the mutant (16.5 and 22.2%, respectively). Oleic (33.4%), linoleic (22.5%), palmitic (12.8%), stearic (7.4%), and linolenic (6.2%) were the main fatty acids of the wild type (V35). The mutant grew only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid having at least one delta 9cis double bond, and its conidial fatty acid profile was influenced by the exogenous acid. Analyses of the fatty acids of UFA2 grown in the presence of different fatty acid supplements support the original view that the mutant is defective in delta 9-desaturase activity.
Reactivity of Carbenes and Related Compounds towards Molecular Nitrogen (1985)

Abstract The thermal N 2 exchange of a number of 15 N‐labelled diazo compounds was studied in solution. The compounds involved were 3‐diazo‐1‐methylindolin‐2‐one ( 1 ), 9‐diazofluorene ( 2 ), 5‐diazo‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarbonitrile ( 3 ), 2‐diazo‐2 H ‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarbonitrile ( 4 ), 4‐diazocyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone ( 5 ), and the conjugate acids of 4 and 5 , namely 4,5‐dicyano‐1 H ‐imidazole‐2‐diazonium ion ( 6 ) and 4‐hydroxybenzenediazonium ion ( 7 ). Only 1 , 4 , 6 , and 7 exchange their diazo group with ‘external’ molecular N 2 . The results are explained on the hypothesis that only organic species which have an empty σ orbital and which are effective in π electron back‐donation are able to react with N 2 . Thus, reaction with carbenes is likely to occur only if the carbene is in the 1 A 2 singlet state and if its electrophilicity is high.
Anti-HIV-1 activity, protease inhibition and safety profile of extracts prepared from Rhus parviflora (2013)

The studies reported herein showed in vitro anti-HIV activity and preliminary safety profile of the extracts prepared from the leaves of R. parviflora.
Studies of commercial converter in wound rotor brushless doubly-fed marine generator control system (2008)

This paper presents a marine generator control system which BDFM control winding side is controlled by commercial converter. Two problems of the commercial converter in control system is solved. One is the common commercial converterpsilas output voltage and frequency at constant V/F curve, the other is it canpsilat feedback energy to AC power. Based on generator voltage and frequency loop , we discuss the control algorithm and several results in the actual control system.
Utilization of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate in DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases alpha and beta from calf thymus. (1981)

Chemically synthesized 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate were used efficiently as substitutes for DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases alpha or beta from calf thymus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate and 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate were incorporated into DNA in place of deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate, respectively. The incorporated pyrimidine analogs supported further elongation of DNA. The apparent Km's for 5-fluorodeoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate in the reaction of DNA polymerases alpha and beta were 4.3 and 15.4 microM, while those of 5-fluorodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate with DNA polymerases alpha and beta were 7.7 and 8.8 microM, respectively, which are comparable to Km's for natural substrates. These results suggest the new possibility that the fluorinated pyrimidines are incorporated into DNA via their triphosphate forms to exhibit their cytostatic actions.
Spin-Exchange Shift and Narrowing of Magnetic Resonance Lines in Optically Pumped Alkali Vapors (1973)

We observe very narrow (\ensuremath{\sim}200 Hz) magnetic resonance lines in alkali vapors with atomic densities much greater than usual and with cell dimensions much smaller than usual. The Zeeman resonance frequency is shifted downward by a large factor, but the spin-exchange broadening vanishes in the high-density limit. This new regime affords important new possibilities for investigating basic interactions in dense alkali vapors, and it also opens the way to miniaturized optically pumped devices.
Three ring dioxanes as dopants enhancing the stability of the smectic C phase (1993)

Abstract Searching for compounds which could be useful as modifiers of smectic C mixtures, we have synthesized four homologous series of three ring dioxanes, 2BBD, 5BBD, 2CBD, and 5CBD. Their phase transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured and their liquid crystal phases identified. Compounds belonging to series n-BBD form smectic Bcr phases for shorter alkyl chains, and smectic Bcr and A phases, for longer chains. Compounds belonging to the n-CBD series exhibit the smectic A phase, but those with longer alkyl chains have exclusively smectic B phases and those with short tails have other low temperature, highly ordered smectic phases. The compounds were added to smectic C mixture and it was found that some can be useful as dopants. Compounds with longer alkyl tails in the molecule are more suitable for this purpose; the type of ring in the core is less important.
A 9 inch diagonal, compact, multicolor TFEL display (2002)

A multicolor red/green/yellow thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) display with patterned phosphors and TAB (tape automated bonding)-mounted drivers was developed and demonstrated. Filtered ZnS:Mn was shown to be a viable technique to achieve a bright red color with excellent chromaticity. By combining atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and sputter and evaporation thin-film deposition techniques, a display with performance suitable for near-term pilot production was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New CRISPR Mutagenesis Strategies Reveal Variation in Repair Mechanisms among Fungi (2018)

We have created new vectors for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis in <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, and <i>Naumovozyma castellii</i> These new vectors permit a comparison of the requirements for CRISPR mutagenesis in each of these species and reveal different dependencies for repair of the Cas9 double-stranded break. Both <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> rely heavily on homology-directed repair, whereas <i>C. glabrata</i> and <i>N. castellii</i> use both homology-directed and nonhomologous end-joining pathways. The high efficiency of these vectors permits the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and the recycling of the dominant selection marker for serial mutagenesis in prototrophs. A further refinement, represented by the "Unified" Solo vectors, incorporates Cas9, guide RNA, and repair template into a single vector, thus enabling the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens. To facilitate the design of such libraries, we have identified guide sequences for each of these species with updated guide selection algorithms.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> CRISPR-mediated genome engineering technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in a wide range of organisms. Here we describe new vectors and guide sequences for CRISPR mutagenesis in the important human fungal pathogens <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i>, as well as in the related yeasts <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>N. castellii</i> The design of these vectors enables efficient serial mutagenesis in each of these species by leaving few, if any, exogenous sequences in the genome. In addition, we describe strategies for the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and vector designs that permit the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens. These tools and strategies promise to advance genetic engineering of these medically and industrially important species.
Nonlinear, Resonance‐Stabilized Pseudohalides: From Alkali Methanides to Ionic Liquids of Methanides (2006)

Abstract New 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI) salts [EMI][X] (X = [HC(NO 2 )(CN)] – , [C(NO 2 )(NO)(CN)] – , [HC(NO) 2 ] – and [HC(NO 2 ) 2 ] – ) and 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (BMI) salts [BMI][Y] (Y = [C(CN) 3 ] – and [C(NO 2 )(NO)(CN)] – ) were prepared and characterized. Different synthetic routes to these new resonance‐stabilized methanide‐based ionic liquids starting either from the explosive silver salts (except from Ag[C(CN) 3 ]) or the easily accessible potassium salts have been described. The melting points of all new salts are lower than 100 °C, in fact, most of them are ionic liquids at room temperature. These strongly colored ionic liquids (besides [BMI][C(CN) 3 ] which is colorless) are neither heat nor shock sensitive, are thermally stable up to over 52 °C ([EMI][C(NO 2 )(NO)(CN)]) and 270 °C ([BMI][C(CN) 3 ]) and can be prepared in large quantities. The structure and bonding of resonance‐stabilized methanides ([CR 1 R 2 R 3 ] – with, R 1,2,3 = H, NO 2 , NO, and CN) is discussed on the basis of experimental and theoretical data. X‐ray data of Cs + [HC(NO 2 )(CN)] – , K + [HC(NO 2 ) 2 ] – , [EMI] + [C(NO 2 )(NO)(CN)] – , and [Me 4 N] + [C(NO 2 )(NO)(CN)] – reveal almost planar anions with strong cation ··· anion interactions in the alkali methanides resulting in three‐dimensional network structures in the solid state. Only weak interionic interactions are found for the ammonium salts. As shown by different theoretical approaches (charge transfer, resonance energies and NLMO delocalization) resonance effects occur in all three classes of methanides (NO 2 ‐, NO‐, and CN‐substituted), however, the magnitude of such effect strongly differs depending on the degree of substitution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Constituent of Pterocarpus marsupium, (-)-Epicatechin, as a Potential Antidiabetic Agent (1983)

An active constituent of Pterocarpus marsupium, (-)-epicatechin (1), has been reported to reverse hyperglycemia in alloxan diabetic rats when given before or within 24 hr after the dose of alloxan. However, when doses of (-)-epicatechin (30 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily for 3 days) are begun 92 hr after alloxan, there is no significant difference in blood glucose levels between control and (-)-epicatechin treated rats. These data suggest that, although (-)-epicatechin may protect against alloxan toxicity under certain conditions, the usefulness of (-)-epicatechin appears minimal in the treatment of already established diabetic states.
Nonlinear Control of Output Voltages of PWM Inverters for Stand-Alone Wind Power Generation (2007)

In this paper, a novel nonlinear control method of the CVCF(constant voltage and constant frequency) output voltage for the three-phase PWM inverter with LC output filters is proposed. A nonlinear modeling including the output LC filters is linearized by feedback linearization theory, the controllers of which can be designed based on a linear control theory. It is applied to the DC/AC power conversion of the PWM inverter for stand-alone wind power generation system. It has been verified by the experimental results that the proposed control scheme gives high dynamic responses at load variation as well as a zero steady-state error.
bioDBnet: the biological database network (2009)

http://biodbnet.abcc.ncifcrf.gov.
Buccal absorption of insulin in the dog. (1989)

Insulin was buccally administered to beagle dogs in the form of a solution using a specially designed buccal cell, or in the form of films (buccal flats). 0.5 ml solutions of different pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5) or of pH 7.5 in combination with sorption promoters (sodium taurocholate, dextran sulfate, linoleic acid, TranscutolR, LabrafilR M 1944 CS, urea and AzoneR) were administered for 0.5 h to anesthetized dogs. Buccal flats 1 X 2 cm in size. All dosage forms contained 10 IU of human insulin. The control solution (normal saline) and the solution of pH 5 resulted in the least pharmacologic availability, P.A. (ratio of area under % glucose reduction X time curve buccally to I.V.). Values of 0.9 % and 1.8%, respectively, were calculated. The insulin solution of pH 7.5 gave the highest P.A. The addition of sorption promoters to the pH 7.5 solution did not further increase the P.A. The combination of pH 7.5 - LabrafilR - AzoneR showed the least SD for the P.A., i.e. 18.3% +/- 4.7. The highest reduction in glucose concentration was found after administration of the taurocholate-linoleic acid combination Cmax = 57.2% +/- 6.3. The buccal flats reached a Cmax of about 16% +/- (SD) and a P.A of about 15% +/- (SD).
2G HTS Coil Technology Development at SuperPower (2013)

The second-generation high-temperature superconductor (2G HTS), Re-Ba-Cu-O coated conductors are known for strong mechanical properties and have numerous potential applications in high magnetic field research and electrical power systems. It has been noted in the community that coated conductors can be prone to performance degradation on thermal cycling when used in epoxy impregnated magnet windings. This degradation has been tied to the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> -axis peel strength in the wire. SuperPower is addressing this issue with a short term approach of developing novel technologies in conductor post processing and coil winding technology, which allows building high quality coils with current generation conductor, and a longer term approach of improving wire production to build stronger wire with high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> -axis peel strength.
Protecting marine structures from corrosion (1967)

The protection of metal marine structures against corrosion in a sense presents greater problems than that of protecting ships themselves, since they cannot be hauled out of the water for inspection and overhaul. Buoys, jetties, piers, bridges in tidal waters and, more recently, oil rigs, are all exposed to the most severe corrosion conditions. There are three types of condition to be considered in any one structure—the parts which are always above the water line, those which are covered by water only at high tide, and those which are permanently underwater.
Documentation Risk Management (2007)

Rachelle Springer, MS, ARNP, CS, CPSN, LHCRM, is president of RCS Consulting Group, Inc. and serves as a consultant to office-based surgical facilities for accreditation preparation nationwide. She is a licensed healthcare risk manager in Florida, where she works with office surgical facilities in preparation for state inspection or accreditation by state-approved accreditation agencies. She has served as Director of Education for ASPSN and Continuing Education Coordinator of Plastic Surgical Nursing. Address correspondence to Rachelle Springer, MS, ARNP, CS, CPSN, LHCRM (e-mail: [email protected]).