gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of a solid-state ruby maser to an X-band radar system (2005)

A solid-state, cavity-type maser has been employed as a pre-amplifier in an X-band radar system. TR leak-through from the transmitted pulse causes the maser to become saturated unless special measures are taken to reduce this leakage. A low-loss, ferrite TR switch that was developed specifically for this purpose provided an additional 30 db of isolation from the transmitted pulse, a value sufficient to allow normal maser operation. With the improved duplexing afforded by the ferrite switch, the measured noise temperature of the maser, circulator, mixer, and i-f amplifier combined was <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">65\deg</tex> K. The noise temperature of the over-all receiver, including that due to losses in the ferrite switch, the TR tube, waveguide, and rotary joints, was <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">173\deg</tex> K. The noise temperature of a good X-band radar receiver without a maser preamplifier is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1500\deg</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2500\deg</tex> K. The improvement in the detection range obtained by the use of the maser is considered, and the importance of antenna noise temperature is discussed. The feasibility of immediate application in some special radar systems is also considered.
Time-Resolved Imaging of Translucent Droplets in Highly Scattering Turbid Media (1994)

The spatial distribution of small translucent droplets inside a 50-millimeter-thick Intralipid solution was imaged with a picosecond time and spatial-gated Kerr-Fourier imaging system at a signal level of about 10(-10) of the incident illumination intensity.
Expression and role of Roundabout‐1 in embryonic <i>Xenopus</i> forebrain (2002)

The receptor Roundabout-1 (Robo1) and its ligand Slit are known to influence axon guidance and central nervous system (CNS) patterning in both vertebrate and nonvertebrate systems. Although Robo-Slit interactions mediate axon guidance in the Drosophila CNS, their role in establishing the early axon scaffold in the embryonic vertebrate brain remains unclear. We report here the identification and expression of a Xenopus Robo1 orthologue that is highly homologous to mammalian Robo1. By using overexpression studies and immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques, we have investigated the role of Robo1 in the development of a subset of neurons and axon tracts in the Xenopus forebrain. Robo1 is expressed in forebrain nuclei and in neuroepithelial cells underlying the main axon tracts. Misexpression of Robo1 led to aberrant development of axon tracts as well as the ectopic differentiation of forebrain neurons. These results implicate Robo1 in both neuronal differentiation and axon guidance in embryonic vertebrate forebrain.
New system of recording using electronic means (1933)

AN ELECTRONIC recorder has been developed which will record d-c millivolts and microamperes at energy levels of 4 or 5 microwatts, and, with auxiliary equipment, will record feeble alternating currents and voltages. A pilot element attached to the measuring element of any usual type indicating instrument mechanism is connected in series with a second pilot element at the pen mechanism. A motor element for driving the recording element and carrying the second pilot element coil is driven by an amplifier which receives its indication from the difference in angular position of the 2 pilot elements. The stationary fields of both pilot elements are connected in parallel to the same a-c source.
Nucleic Acids. I. The Synthesis of Nucleotides and Dinucleoside Phosphates Containing <i>ara</i>-Cytidine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic Acids. I. The Synthesis of Nucleotides and Dinucleoside Phosphates Containing ara-CytidineWilliam J. WechterCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 762–773Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00317a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Los bocetos de Félix Lafuente para el mural del salón azul del Casino oscense: Homenaje en el 150 aniversario del artista (1865-2015) (2015)

espanolEl Museo de Zaragoza guarda en sus fondos los bocetos de Felix Lafuente para el mural del Salon Azul del Casino de Huesca. Son varios bocetos que se analizan en este articulo, realizados con pastel y carboncillo, que dejan patente la intensidad que el pintor oscense imprimia a sus obras en la primera decada del siglo XX. Un pintor olvidado que merece un recuerdo cuando se cumplen 150 anos de su nacimiento. EnglishThe stores of the Museo de Zaragoza keep some sketches by Felix Lafuente for the mural of the Blue Room of Huesca’s Casino. Those sketches, made with pastel and charcoal, are discussed in this paper as evidence of the intensity given to his works, during the first decade of the twentieth century, by this painter from Huesca. An artist almost forgotten, whose memory deserves our homage on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth.
Navigating Comics: An Empirical and Theoretical Approach to Strategies of Reading Comic Page Layouts (2013)

Like the sequence of words in written language, comic book page layouts direct images into a deliberate reading sequence. Conventional wisdom would expect that comic panels follow the order of text: left-to-right and down - a "Z-path" - though several layouts can violate this order, such as Gestalt groupings of panels that deny a Z-path of reading. To examine how layouts pressure readers to choose pathways deviating from the Z-path, we presented participants with comic pages empty of content, and asked them to number the panels in the order they would read them. Participants frequently used strategies departing from both the traditional Z-path and Gestalt groupings. These preferences reveal a system of constraints that organizes panels into hierarchic constituents, guiding readers through comic page layouts.
Novel Approach to Structure-Based Pharmacophore Search Using Computational Geometry and Shape Matching Techniques (2008)

Computationally efficient structure-based virtual screening methods have recently been reported that seek to find effective means to utilize experimental structure information without employing detailed molecular docking calculations. These tools can be coupled with efficient experimental screening technologies to improve the probability of identifying hits and leads for drug discovery research. Commercial software ROCS (rapid overlay of chemical structures) from Open Eye Scientific is such an example, which is a shape-based virtual screening method using the 3D structure of a ligand, typically from a bound X-ray costructure, as the query. We report here the development of a new structure-based pharmacophore search method (called Shape4) for virtual screening. This method adopts a variant of the ROCS shape technology and expands its use to work with an empty crystal structure. It employs a rigorous computational geometry method and a deterministic geometric casting algorithm to derive the negative image (i.e., pseudoligand) of a target binding site. Once the negative image (or pseudoligand) is generated, an efficient shape comparison algorithm in the commercial OE SHAPE Toolkit is adopted to compare and match small organic molecules with the shape of the pseudoligand. We report the detailed computational protocol and its computational validation using known biologically active compounds extracted from the WOMBAT database. Models derived for five selected targets were used to perform the virtual screening experiments to obtain the enrichment data for various virtual screening methods. It was found that our approach afforded similar or better enrichment ratios than other related methods, often with better diversity among the top ranking computational hits.
Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: Self‐Management and Reduction of Depressive Symptoms in a Randomized, Controlled Study (2006)

These findings may support the effectiveness of an AMD self-management program for depressed older adults with advanced vision loss from AMD.
Leucine as a pharmaconutrient to prevent and treat sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes (2011)

Amino acids function as precursors for de novo protein synthesis. In addition, however, they play a key role as nutritional signals that regulate multiple cellular processes. There is ample in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that muscle tissue responds to increases in amino acid availability via signal transduction pathways that are also regulated by insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and insulin growth factor 1. The increased amino acid availibility results in the upregulation of mRNA translation, thereby increasing muscle protein synthesis, which, in turn, leads to greater net muscle protein accretion. These findings have been particularly pronounced for the amino acid leucine. Furthermore, leucine has the ability to act as a strong insulin secretagogue. Consequently, it has been suggested that leucine represents an effective pharmaconutrient for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. In accordance, recent in vivo studies in humans show that free leucine ingestion can reverse the blunted response of muscle protein synthesis to amino acid/protein intake in the elderly. Although short-term studies suggest that leucine supplementation can stimulate muscle mass accretion in the elderly, there are no long-term nutritional intervention studies to confirm this or the other proposed benefits of leucine as a pharmaconutrient.
Herbal complex suppresses telomerase activity in chemo-endocrine resistant cancer cell lines. (2001)

A herbal complex consisting of Hoelen, Angelicae radix, Scutellariae radix and Glycyrrhizae radix suppressed cell viability and telomerase activity in hormone-refractory and chemo-resistant cancer cell lines, namely poorly differentiated uterine endometrial cancer cell line AN3 CA, adriamycin-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7/ADR and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Furthermore, the herbal complex suppressed the expression of the full length of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which is related to telomerase activity. This indicates that the herbal complex can suppress the tumor growth of chemoendocrine resistant cancers, at least in part via suppression of telomerase activity associated with down-regulated hTERT.
Haptic display of realistic tool contact via dynamically compensated control of a dedicated actuator (2009)

High frequency contact accelerations convey important information that the vast majority of haptic interfaces cannot render. Building on prior work, we present an approach to haptic interface design that uses a dedicated linear voice coil actuator and a dynamic system model to allow the user to feel these signals. This approach was tested through use in a bilateral teleoperation experiment where a user explored three textured surfaces under three different acceleration control architectures: none, constant gain, and dynamic compensation. The controllers that use the dedicated actuator vastly outperform traditional position-position control at conveying realistic contact accelerations. Analysis of root mean square error, linear regression, and discrete Fourier transforms of the acceleration data also indicate a slight performance benefit for dynamic compensation over constant gain.
Fusion expression vectors for recombinant gene products processed easily and purified rapidly by affinity chromatography. (1994)

A DNA fragment encoding IgG-binding domain B,C (PABC) was separated from protein A gene, cloned into phage M13 and modified by oligo-directed mutagenesis at the hydroxylamine-cleaved site from Asn-Gly to Asn-Ala in domain B and C, respectively. The modified PABCm gene fragment was used to construct one set of fusion expression vectors in different reading frames. Processing sequences such as those recognized by enterkinase, collagenase, thrombin, activated factor X and cleaved by the hydroxylamine, N-chlorosuccinimide etc. can be created in the fusion site. Using the above vectors, fusion proteins such as PABCm-IGF-I, -hGRF, -bGRF and their derivatives were highly expressed in E. coli. The yield of fusion proteins is over 100 mg per liter cultured by analysis of SDS-PAGE. The PABC fusion proteins can be rapidly purified by the affinity chromatography with a IgG-sepharose column.
Astrocytes generated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate features of Huntington’s disease patient cells (2012)

We have generated a unique in vitro system to study HD pathogenesis using patient-specific iPSCs. The astrocytes derived from patient-specific iPSCs exhibit a vacuolation phenotype, a phenomenon previously documented in primary lymphocytes from HD patients. Our studies pave the way for future mechanistic investigations using human iPSCs to model HD and for high-throughput therapeutic screens.
Nurses and Politics: The Impact of Power and PracticeNurses and Politics: The Impact of Power and Practice (2004)

Comparatively few nurses publish in the fields of social policy and politics, yet these areas can provide key insights into the current state of the profession and, arguably, suggest ways in which nursing can learn from its past and shape a better future.
Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies (2013)

This book contains 20 chapters about the impact, environmental fate, modes of action, efficacy, and non-target effects of insecticides. The chapters are divided into 7 parts. Part 1 covers the non-target effects of insecticides, whereas part 2 is dedicated to integrated methods for pest control, in which insecticides are an important element for diminishing the populations of insect pests. Part 3 includes chapters about the non-chemical alternatives to insecticides, such as metabolic stress and plant extracts. Insecticides and human health are the main topic of part 4, and the interactions between insecticides and environment are discussed in part 5. Part 6 includes the chapters about insecticides against pests of urban areas, forests and farm animals, whereas biotechnology and other advances in pest control are discussed in part 7.
Syngas Chemical Looping Gasification Process: Oxygen Carrier Particle Selection and Performance (2009)

The syngas chemical looping (SCL) process coproduces hydrogen and electricity. The process involves reducing metal oxides with syngas followed by regeneration of reduced metal oxides with steam and air in a cyclic manner. Iron oxide is determined to be a desired oxygen carrier for hydrogen production considering overall properties including oxygen carrying capacity, thermodynamic properties, reaction kinetics, physical strength, melting points, and environmental effects. An iron oxide based particle can maintain good reactivity for more than 100 reduction−oxidation (redox) cycles in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The particle exhibits a good crushing strength (>20 MPa) and low attrition rate. Fixed bed experiments are carried out which reaffirm its reactivity. More than 99.75% of syngas is converted during the reduction stage. During the regeneration stage, hydrogen with an average purity of 99.8% is produced.
Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Increases Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor in T Cells: Implications for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Vasculopathy (1999)

Alterations in the vascular system and the onset of angioproliferative lesions such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are common traits of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. To investigate possible factors involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated vasculopathy and vascular malfunction, expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was analyzed in HUT 78 T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. VEGF-A was found to be increased in supernatants from infected cells as compared with uninfected cells. In addition, VEGF-A mRNA expression and protein secretion were significantly increased in HUT 78 cells incubated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from HIV-1 chronically infected HUT 78 cells (HIV-TCM) as compared with CM from uninfected cells (TCM). Increase of VEGF-A production in T cells was promoted by inflammatory cytokines (IC) present in HIV-TCM, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6. These IC that have been shown to be increased in sera of HIV-1-infected patients and to be increased by HIV-1 infection or cell activation in these individuals as well as HIV-TCM also increased VEGF-A expression in primary T lymphocytes. Consistent with this, VEGF-A concentrations were found to be higher in sera of HIV-1-infected patients with (mean, 357.1 +/- 197.9 pg/mL) and without KS (mean, 256.7 +/- 137.5 pg/mL) as compared with uninfected individuals (mean, 188.6 +/- 91.7 pg/mL). These data suggest that increased secretion of VEGF-A by T lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected individuals may induce vascular leakage and stimulate proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, which are hallmarks of AIDS-associated vasculopathy and especially of KS development.
Regulation of the Functional Interaction between Cyclin D1 and the Estrogen Receptor (2000)

We report that the functional interaction between cyclin D1 and the estrogen receptor (ER) is regulated by a signal transduction pathway involving the second messenger, cyclic AMP (cAMP). The cell-permeable cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP caused a concentration-dependent enhancement of cyclin D1-ER complex formation, as judged both by coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid analysis. This effect was paralleled by increases in ligand-independent ER-mediated transcription from an estrogen response element containing reporter construct. These effects of 8-bromo-cAMP were antagonized by a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, indicating that the signaling pathway involved was PKA dependent. Further, we show that culture of MCF-7 cells on a cellular substratum of murine preadipocytes also enhanced the functional interaction between cyclin D1 and ER in a PKA-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate a collaboration between cAMP signaling and cyclin D1 in the ligand-independent activation of ER-mediated transcription in mammary epithelial cells and show that the functional associations of cyclin D1 are regulated as a function of cellular context.
Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Depression: The Anatomy of Melancholia (1998)

Functional brain imaging techniques, which permit noninvasive measures of neurophysiology and neuroreceptor binding, are powerful and sensitive tools for research aimed at elucidating the pathophysiology of major depression. The application of these technologies in depression research has produced several studies of resting cerebral blood flow (BF) and glucose metabolism in subjects imaged during various phases of illness and treatment. This review examines these data and the principles relevant to their interpretation and discusses the insights they provide into the anatomical correlates of depression. Within the anatomical networks implicated in emotional processing by other types of evidence, these BF and metabolic data demonstrate that major depression is associated with reversible, mood state-dependent, neurophysiological abnormalities in some structures and irreversible, trait-like abnormalities in other structures. In some of the regions in which trait-like abnormalities appear, abnormal metabolic activity appears at least partly related to the anatomical abnormalities identified in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of depression.
An Efficient SAN-Level Caching Method Based on Chunk-Aging (2007)

SAN-level caching can manage caching within a global view so that global hot data can be identified and cached. However, two problems may be encountered in the existing SAN-level caching methods: first, too many migrations from disks to cache resulting from cache thrashing; second, too few cache hits resulting from insufficient caching. This paper proposes a SAN-level caching method employing chunk-aging to control the migrations of chunks of data from disks to cache, which takes the temporal distribution of chunk accesses into account and solves the two problems above. Then by employing two LRU lists to manage the cache replacement, this method separates and manages two types of hot data chunks, one of which have burst accesses and the other have long-term frequent accesses, thus preventing them from interfering with each other in cache. The simulation results demonstrate that our method can achieve a high hit ratio while maintaining a relatively low migration rate.
The CASA Integrated Project 1 Networked Radar System (2009)

Abstract This paper describes the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Integrated Project 1 (IP1) weather radar network, the first distributed collaborative adaptive sensing test bed of the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere. The radar network and radar node hardware and software architectures are described, as well as the different interfaces between the integrated subsystems. The system’s operation and radar node control and weather data flow are explained. The key features of the radar nodes are presented, as well as examples of different data products.
Library Instruction for the Professions: Information Needs and Libraries (1997)

In this article, Hammond and Mitchell report on a survey of practitioners in four professions: accounting, architecture, psychology, and recreation/tourism. The authors sought data on how professionals looked for information to improve instruction programs, with a goal of providing graduates with information skills to use in their careers. Fewer than half of the survey respondents had discipline‐specific library instruction. Practitioners identify a need for information but a low use of electronic resources. Data support the necessity of information skills for those entering the professions; suggest that instruction be information‐centered rather than library‐centered; and show that continuing education for professionals in information finding is needed. The authors provide suggestions for changes in library instruction.