gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of chromosomal integration of microinjected DNA. (1989)

Most transgenic animals have been produced by directly injecting DNA into one of the embryo pronuclei in the period immediately following fertilization. Transgenic animals are produced when DNA becomes integrated into the chromosomes, in most cases the transgenic genotype is transmitted to progeny through the germ line. The characteristics of the foreign DNA include tandem arrangement of multiple copies of the input DNA, predominantly in direct rather than inverted orientation, and illegitimate recombination with the chromosome at the site of integration. Foreign DNA integrated into chromosomes of cultured cells has identical characteristics. We argue that these and other similarities between the integration of foreign DNA into the chromosomes of microinjected embryos on the one hand and on the other of transfected and microinjected cells, strongly suggest that the processes have the same basis. By considering mainly the literature relating to cell transfection and microinjection, we conclude that tandemly arranged concatemers of input foreign DNA are built up by a process of homologous but non-conservative recombination. End-joining and illegitimate recombination events characterize the integration of the concatemers into the chromosome, and also contribute to the formation of the concatemers. We also suggest that these superficially different processes are based on the same opportunistic repair-ligation mechanism; the frequencies of the different types of event reflect both the frequencies with which different sorts of association occur between DNA molecules and their relative stability.
Safety and efficacy of the porcine small intestinal submucosa dural substitute: results of a prospective multicenter study and literature review (2007)

The SIS dural substitute demonstrated substantial efficacy in these patients after a mean follow up of 7.3 +/- 2.2 months. Rates of infection, CSF leakage, and meningitis were comparable to those reported for other dural substitute materials. A lack of adverse reactions to the graft, favorable safety profile, and clinical efficacy all point to the utility of this material as an alternative for dural repair.
Infant lung function testing: available and useful methods (2004)

Educational aims To provide an overview of which aspects of lung function can be measured in infants using currently commercially available equipment. To describe the particular measurement conditions required for infant lung function testing. To provide information concerning some of the, as yet, commercially unavailable methods. Summary Lung and airway function can now be measured in infants using standardised methods, allowing for an almost as complete picture of lung function as routinely obtained in adults. Recording systems are now available from several manufacturers. The tests are done during sleep, commonly after sedation with choral hydrate, and in a strictly standardised manner under standardised conditions. Despite the high frequency of chronic chest problems in infants and young children, facilities for assessment of lung function are lacking in many large paediatric centres worldwide. While infant lung function testing is now emerging as a clinical tool, the precise role and the value of the various tests in different clinical situations remain to be established.
Data logging (2007)

In Brief While data logging is quickly becoming a standard feature in hearing aids, it's clear that a good many dispensers ignore it. Our Cover Story features reports from clinicians on how and when data logging can benefit patients.
VLSI Architectures for Computing Multiplications and Inverses in GF(2<sup>m</sup>) (1985)

Finite field arithmetic logic is central in the implementation of Reed-Solomon coders and in some cryptographic algorithms. There is a need for good multiplication and inversion algorithms that can be easily realized on VLSI chips. Massey and Omura recently developed a new multiplication algorithm for Galois fields based on a normal basis representation. In this paper, a pipeline structure is developed to realize the Massey-Omura multiplier in the finite field GF(2m). With the simple squaring property of the normal basis representation used together with this multiplier, a pipeline architecture is developed for computing inverse elements in GF(2m). The designs developed for the Massey-Omura multiplier and the computation of inverse elements are regular, simple, expandable, and therefore, naturally suitable for VLSI implementation.
A Search for Novel Cancer/Testis Antigens in Lung Cancer Identifies VCX/Y Genes, Expanding the Repertoire of Potential Immunotherapeutic Targets (2014)

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are potential immunotherapeutic targets in cancer. However, the expression of particular antigens is limited to a subset of tumors of a given type. Thus, there is a need to identify antigens with complementary expression patterns for effective therapeutic intervention. In this study, we searched for genes that were distinctly expressed at a higher level in lung tumor tissue and the testes compared with other nontumor tissues and identified members of the VCX/Y gene family as novel CT antigens. VCX3A, a member of the VCX/Y gene family, was expressed at the protein level in approximately 20% of lung adenocarcinomas and 35% of squamous cell carcinomas, but not expressed in normal lung tissues. Among CT antigens with concordant mRNA and protein expression levels, four CT antigens, XAGE1, VCX, IL13RA2, and SYCE1, were expressed, alone or in combination, in about 80% of lung adenocarcinoma tumors. The CT antigen VCX/Y gene family broadens the spectrum of CT antigens expressed in lung adenocarcinomas for clinical applications.
Phospholipids of palm oil (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) (1982)

Abstract Mesocarp oil of Elaeis guineensis provides 1000~2000 ppm of phospholipids. Thin layer chromatography revealed that the major components are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Minor components are phosphatidic acid (PA), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and traces of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) are detectable. An artifact from enzymatic transphosphatidylation in methanolic solvents was isolated and characterized as phosphatidylmethanol (PM). Phospholipids are only present at low levels (20~80 ppm) in commercial crude palm oil and they usually account for a minor part of the total elemental phosphorus of the oil. It is desirable to have low levels of phospholipids in the oil to obtain better oxidative stability and bleaching properties.
Direct structural transformation of silver platelets into right bipyramids and twinned cube nanoparticles: morphology governed by defects (2008)

Silver platelets can undergo quantitative conversion to right bipyramids and twinned cubes by regrowth with silver in conditions that preserve original 2-D structural defects in resulting 3-D morphologies.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies for Prostate-specific Antigen and Development of Highly Sensitive Free Prostate-specific Antigen Assays (1999)

The highly sensitive free PSA immunoassays may be used for measuring PSA subfractions in female serum, an application currently impossible with other reported free PSA immunoassays.
Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis with Human Nasopharyngeal Mucosa: Attachment and Entry into Columnar Epithelial Cells (1983)

The mechanisms by which Neisseria meningitidis establishes a carrier state or invades mucosal surfaces of the host to cause septicemia and meningitis are unknown. An experimental model of human columnar nasopharyngeal tissue in organ culture was developed, and the interaction of encapsulated, piliated N meningitidis with this mucosal surface was studied. Electron microscopic studies showed that meningococci attached selectively to nonciliated columnar cells of the nasopharynx. After attachment, the microvilli of these nonciliated cells elongated and surrounded the organisms. Six to twelve hours after infection, endocytic vacuoles containing meningococci were seen in the apical portion of some nonciliated columnar cells. Later, diplococci were seen in the subepithelial tissues adjacent to lymphoid tissue; this observation suggested that meningococci had penetrated the epithelial layer. The interaction of meningococci with the nasopharyngeal epithelium may be an important means whereby these bacteria establish a carrier state or invade the host.
Abstract TP25: Analysis of Workflow and Time to Treatment in the Swift Prime Randomized Controlled Trial (2016)

Background and Purpose: Timely recanalization in large vessel occlusive disease is essential to achieving good outcomes in patients with AIS. As such, the SWIFT PRIME study design incorporated aggressive time metrics and real time direct feedback. We systemically investigated variables affecting the time spent during discrete patient process steps including patient transport, selection and treatment delivery in patients treated in the SWIFT PRIME trial. Methods: Data was analyzed from the SWIFT PRIME trial, a global, multi-center, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) IDE study comparing functional outcomes in AIS subjects treated with either IV t-PA alone (93 patients) or IV t-PA in combination with Solitaire device (93 patients). Each patient enrollment was analyzed for workflow and direct feedback was provided to the enrolling site. Results: The median time from Emergency Department (ED) arrival to groin puncture was 90 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 69 - 120) and ED arrival to reperfusion time was 139 minutes (IQR, 108 - 169). The median ED to imaging start time was 16 minutes (IQR, 10-23.5), puncture to device deployment was 24 minutes (IQR, 18-33), and device deployment to reperfusion was 8 minutes (IQR, 5-23). The association between time intervals and baseline characteristics of the patient, mode of arrival at the endovascular-capable hospital and procedural characteristics was evaluated with multivariate negative binomial regression using a logarithmic link function (Figure). Conclusions: Detailed attention to workflow with iterative feedback and aggressive time goals leads to a highly efficient workflow. Future steps for improvement include faster triage and transport of patients to endovascular capable centers as well as advancements in treating patients with difficult anatomical features.
Smoothness-constrained wavelet image compression (2002)

The uniform quantizers used in typical wavelet image compression algorithms can introduce perceptually disturbing artifacts by decreasing visual smoothness. In this paper, we use local Holder regularity to quantify changes in visual smoothness and propose a modified quantization scheme which constrains local regularity decreases. The reconstructed images show a significant perceptual improvement as well as an increased PSNR.
A Plastid Terminal Oxidase Associated with Carotenoid Desaturation during Chromoplast Differentiation (2000)

The Arabidopsis IMMUTANS gene encodes a plastid homolog of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase, which is associated with phytoene desaturation. Upon expression in Escherichia coli, this protein confers a detectable cyanide-resistant electron transport to isolated membranes. In this assay this activity is sensitive to n-propyl-gallate, an inhibitor of the alternative oxidase. This protein appears to be a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) that is functionally equivalent to a quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase. This protein was immunodetected in achlorophyllous pepper (Capsicum annuum) chromoplast membranes, and a corresponding cDNA was cloned from pepper and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) fruits. Genomic analysis suggests the presence of a single gene in these organisms, the expression of which parallels phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase gene expression during fruit ripening. Furthermore, this PTOX gene is impaired in the tomato ghost mutant, which accumulates phytoene in leaves and fruits. These data show that PTOX also participates in carotenoid desaturation in chromoplasts in addition to its role during early chloroplast development.
Discrepancies in Brain Tumor Extent as Shown by Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography Using [68Ga]EDTA, [11C]Glucose, and [11C]Methionine (1983)

A patient with an anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma was examined with computed tomography (CT) and with positron emission tomography (PET), in the latter case using [68Ga]EDTA, [11C]glucose, and [11C]methionine. The CT examination as well as the [68Ga]EDTA study showed a small tumor located in the region of the head of the left caudate nucleus. The [11C]glucose examination showed increased uptake on the same region, as did the [11C]methionine examination, but the latter also showed a considerable uptake in the entire left thalamic region. The patient died 15 days after the [11C]methionine study and a histologic evaluation of thin sections obtained at autopsy showed excellent agreement between tumor extent and activity distribution after [11C]methionine administration. The tumor tissue seen only with [11C]methionine was histologically different from that part of the tumor observed with the other tracers. Although cytologically similar, the latter showed large necrotic areas and an ability to induce marked endothelial proliferation, whereas in the former neither necroses nor notable endothelial proliferation was seen. In this case more than 50% of the tumor would have remained radiologically imperceptible without the [11C]methionine PET examination.
A tomato HD‐Zip homeobox protein, LeHB‐1, plays an important role in floral organogenesis and ripening (2008)

Summary Ethylene is required for climacteric fruit ripening. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis genes, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase, prevents or delays ripening, but it is not known how these genes are modulated during normal development. LeHB‐1, a previously uncharacterized tomato homeobox protein, was shown by gel retardation assay to interact with the promoter of LeACO1 , an ACC oxidase gene expressed during ripening. Inhibition of LeHB‐1 mRNA accumulation in tomato fruit, using virus‐induced gene silencing, greatly reduced LeACO1 mRNA levels, and inhibited ripening. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of LeHB‐1 by viral delivery to developing flowers elsewhere on injected plants triggered altered floral organ morphology, including production of multiple flowers within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel‐like structures that grew into fruits and ripened. Our findings suggest that LeHB‐1 is not only involved in the control of ripening but also plays a critical role in floral organogenesis.
Xanthofulvin, a Novel Semaphorin Inhibitor Produced by a Strain of Penicillium (2003)

A new semaphorin inhibitor xanthofulvin was isolated from the cultured broth of a fungus Penicillium sp. SPF-3059 along with a known compound vinaxanthone by solvent extraction and bioassay-guided fractionation. The tautomeric structure of xanthofulvin was determined by spectroscopic analyses. The two compounds exhibited significant semaphorin inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.09 and 0.1 microg/ml, respectively, in semaphorin3A-induced growth cone collapse assay using cultured chick dorsal root ganglia neurons.
SO/sub 2/ emissions history and scrubbing system (for cement plant) (1992)

How RMC Lonestar's Santa Cruz cement plant dealt with the problem of sulfur dioxide emissions is described. The systematic approach used to learn about the origin of the SO/sub 2/ problem and the experimental projects carried out to collect the data to design a system to control SO/sub 2/ emissions are discussed. The development of a pilot plant dry scrubber for SO/sub 2/ control and the implementation of the ultimate alkaline slurry injection system are reviewed. The system's effectiveness as well as its limitations in controlling SO/sub 2/ are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-Nozzle Biopolymer Deposition for Freeform Fabrication of Tissue Constructs (2004)

Advanced freeform fabrication techniques have been recently used for the construction of tissue scaffolds because of the process repeatability and capability of high accuracy in fabrication resolution at the macro and micro scales. Among many applicable tissue scaffolding materials, polymeric materials have unique properties in terms of the biocompatibility and degradation, and have thus been widely utilized in tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels, such as alginate, has been one of the most important polymer scaffolding materials because of its biocompatibility and internal structure similarity to that of the extracellular matrix of many tissues, and its relatively moderate processing. Three-dimensional deposition has been an entreating freeform fabrication method of biopolymer and particularly hydrogel scaffolds because of its readiness to deposit fluids at ambient temperatures. This paper presents a recent development of biopolymer deposition based freeform fabrication for 3-diemnsinal tissue scaffolds. The system configuration of multi-nozzles used in the deposition of sodium alginate solutions and Poly-?- Caprolactone (PCL) are described. Studies on polymer deposition feasibility and structural formability are conducted, and the preliminary results are presented.
Prevalence, Spectrum, and Functional Characterization of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene Mutations in a Representative Population-Based Sample and Obese Adults from Germany (2006)

Our study depicts prevalence, spectrum, and functional characterization of MC4R mutations in the German population-based sample KORA-S4. In this epidemiological study group, individuals heterozygous for nonsynonymous MC4R mutation alleles entailing impaired function were not obese. Furthermore, nonsynonymous MC4R mutations causing impaired receptor function were rare in German obese adults (two in 1003 = 0.2%).
Charging Phenomena During Medium Current Ion Implantation of Carbonized Photo-Resist Surface Layers (2011)

Charging phenomenon caused by ion implantation into the photo-resist has been evaluated with use of a surface potential measurement tool to clarify the mechanism of burst-like discharge of the accumulated charge in medium current implantation machines. The molecular bond of the photo-resist is cleaved by the kinetic energy of the implanted impurity ions selectively at the portion of the smallest bond energy, and cross-linking develops from this point. Bond breaking and cross-linking is accompanied by out-gassing of hydrogen released by collisions with the dopant atom and recoil cascade atoms. Finally, a carbon-rich layer with low resistance is formed on the photo-resist surface. When arsenic ions are implanted, the degraded layer of low resistance including the carbonization is being formed even under low dose (1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or less) conditions. This is called the medium current charging phenomenon with a current of a few hundred μA. The charges are accumulated on the photo-resist, until the low resistance layer is formed on the surface of the photo-resist. When the induced voltage reaches a critical value, they rush into the open area through the layer. As a result, an explosive local melting of silicon occurs, with the critical value depending on the mask-pattern arrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: New Application of Heterocyclic Diazonium Salts. Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones and Imidazo[4,5‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones. (2011)

Abstract A one‐step conversion of aminopyrazoles of type (I) and analogous aminoimidazoles produces triazinones, structurally related to purines.
Voltage gain in the single-electron transistor (1992)

We report the first observation of voltage gain in the capacitively coupled single-electron transistor (SET). Using parallel-plate and interdigital geometries for the gate capacitor (Cg=1.2 and 0.4 fF) and ultrasmall tunnel junctions with capacitances near 0.2 fF, we find maximum voltage gains of 2.8 and 1.5, respectively. The leakage resistance of the gate is of the order 1012 Ω for the parallel-plate capacitor and greater than 1018 Ω for the interdigital capacitor.
Interactive Data-Driven Research: the place where databases and data mining research meet (2015)

Les rapports de recherche du LIG - ISSN : 2105-0422
An Efficient Data Location Protocol for Self.organizing Storage Clusters (2003)

Component additions and failures are common for large-scale storage clusters in production environments. To improve availability and manageability, we investigate and compare data location schemes for a large self-organizing storage cluster that can quickly adapt to the additions or departures of storage nodes. We further present an efficient location scheme that differentiates between small and large file blocks for reduced management overhead compared to uniform strategies. In our protocol, small blocks, which are typically in large quantities, are placed through consistent hashing. Large blocks, much fewer in practice, are placed through a usage-based policy, and their locations are tracked by Bloom filters. The proposed scheme results in improved storage utilization even with non-uniform cluster nodes. To achieve high scalability and fault resilience, this protocol is fully distributed, relies only on soft states, and supports data replication. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of this protocol through trace-driven simulation.
Pneumoperitoneum needle and trocar injuries in laparoscopy. A survey on possible contributing factors and prevention. (1990)

Fifty-one percent (407) of 800 certified Canadian obstetrician-gynecologists responded to a mail survey regarding laparoscopic procedures. Training and experience in performing laparoscopy were assessed. Experience with needle and sharp trocar injuries was also evaluated. One-quarter of the respondents had experienced at least one case of sharp trocar or needle injury, with half the cases requiring laparotomy for correction. Opinions on a new trocar-and-sheath system designed to reduce the risk of intraperitoneal injuries associated with trocar insertion were also elicited. The physician response to such an instrument was extremely positive; cost was the major negative concern.
Immune function of prolactin (PRL) and signal transduction by PRL/GH/cytokine receptors: specificity, redundancy and lessons from chimaeras. (1997)

Although prolactin (PRL) was originally regarded exclusively as a lactogenic hormone, there are a number of observations that suggest a role for this protein in the regulation of immune responses. The first step in understanding this unexpected function came from the cloning of the prolactin receptor, which was later shown to be a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. The PRL receptor shares structural analogies with receptors for proteins acting on immune cells, the prototype of which is IL-2. Studies of cytokine receptor signalling revealed that all messages are transmitted in the cell through a limited set of transducers, among which the JAK kinases and the Stat transcription factors represent a major cascade. Deciphering the rules allowing a given cytokine receptor, and not another, to activate a particular set of JAK and Stat proteins is a key step in understanding functional specificities within this receptor superfamily. Mutational analyses have provided interesting information about which features are required for which property. Much less data are available from studies using chimaeric receptors, although this strategy is probably more powerful for comparing different receptors and addressing the question of their specificity (or redundancy). As frequently as possible, we shall illustrate our discussions through experimental investigations using the chimaeric approach.