gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overcoming<i>in vivo</i>barriers to targeted nanodelivery (2011)

Nanoparticles have been investigated as promising nanocarriers for delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for several decades, but have met with limited success. Although enormous progress in the fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience has been achieved, basic discoveries have not yet translated into effective targeted therapies. Nanoparticles can potentially improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs; however, the complexity of in vivo systems imposes multiple barriers that severely inhibit efficiency and have to be overcome to fully exploit the theoretical potential of nanoparticles. Here, we address two major challenges to effective systemic nanodelivery. Both limited penetration across the vascular endothelium and uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) substantially impede effectiveness of nanoparticle delivery into tissues. Although the design of nanoparticles with extended circulation half-life is essential, it is not sufficient for effective penetration of nanoparticles across the formidable barrier formed by the vascular endothelium. Current nanodelivery systems rely on passive transvascular exchange and tissue accumulation. They require high dosages to create large concentration gradients that drive nanoparticles passively across the blood-tissue interface. However, passive accumulation has resulted in only a fractional dosage of nanoparticles penetrating into target tissue. This inevitably diminishes therapeutic efficacy and aggravates potential side effects. Although there are multiple ways to augment passive delivery, active delivery of targeted nanoparticles across the vascular endothelium could significantly increase the therapeutic index and decrease side effects of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Use of active transendothelial transport pathways, such as caveolae, may provide an effective solution to both target and deliver nanoparticles.
A distributed fiber optic sensor based on cladding fluorescence (1990)

The fiber for the sensor is formed by cladding fused silica during drawing with polydimethyl siloxane into which an organic fluorescent dye, 9, 10-diphenylanthracene, has been dissolved. Upon side illumination at a wavelength within the excitation range of the dye, the cladding fluoresces; some of this fluorescence is coupled into guided modes in the fiber core through the evanescent fields of these modes. In the presence of oxygen, fluorescent emission by the dye is diminished. For the sensor described, the rubbery liquidlike nature of the polydimethyl siloxane cladding allows rapid diffusion of gases, and the intensity of the guided fluorescence is observed to drop by 30% in less than 5 s when the ambient atmosphere changes from pure nitrogen to pure oxygen. The advantages of this sensing technique, and some of the possibilities for new sensors based on this principle, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyt1A from <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Restores Toxicity of <I>Bacillus sphaericus</I> Against Resistant <I>Culex quinquefasciatus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) (2000)

The 2362 strain of Bacillus sphaericus, which produces a binary toxin highly active against Culex mosquitoes, has been developed recently as a commercial larvicide. It is being used currently in operational mosquito control programs in several countries including Brazil, France, India, and the United States. Laboratory studies have shown that mosquitoes can develop resistance to B. sphaericus, and low levels of resistance have already been reported in field populations in Brazil, France, and India. To develop tools for resistance management, the Cyt1A protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis De Barjac was evaluated for its ability to suppress resistance to B. sphaericus in a highly resistant population of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. A combination of B. sphaericus 2362 in a 10:1 ratio with a strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis that only produces Cyt1A reduced resistance by >30,000-fold. Resistance was suppressed completely when B. sphaericus was combined with purified Cyt1A crystals in a 10:1 ratio. Synergism was observed between the Cyt1A toxin and B. sphaericus against the resistant mosquito population and accounted for the marked reduction in resistance. However, no synergism was observed between the toxins against a nonresistant mosquito population. These results indicate that Cyt1A could be useful for managing resistance to B. sphaericus 2362 in Culex populations, and also provide additional evidence that Cyt1A may synergize toxicity by enhancing the binding to and insertion of toxins into the mosquito microvillar membrane.
Optimize the spectrum sensing and decision making strategies under uncertainty for SATCOM (2016)

The ability to provide accurate spectrum sensing and decision making under an uncertainty environment is proving useful for the military SATCOM to increases the spectrum utilization. Dynamic spectrum access(DSA) allows a secondary user to access the spectrum holes that are not occupied by the primary users. However, the spectrum sensing for DSA is normally performed in a complex SATCOM environment under uncertainty, caused by the high GEO/LEO mobility, weak signals after a long distance of propagation, the high interference and jamming in an adversarial environment, etc. The uncertainty results in a high error probability in the spectrum sensing. In such a case, DSA requires a decision-making process to optimally determine which channels to sense and access. In this paper, we propose an approach for optimal spectrum sensing and decision making that mathematically models the uncertainty in the SATCOM while the whole system throughput is maximized. Specifically, we model the DSA with decision making as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) problem. Optimal DSA strategy has been discussed by an optimization process. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out and our simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed DSA strategy.
[Investigation on correlation between ratio of xylem to phloem of Radix Isatidis and efficacy, chemical composition]. (2011)

The quality of Radix Isatidis made up by the various RXP had significant difference. Radix Isatidis whose RXP is less than 1:1 had good quality and better activity. As a characteristic parameter of biologic morpha, the RXP can be applied to identifying the quality of Radix Isatidis, and also provided a reference to evaluation of other medical material of roots.
Biology of Haemophilus ducreyi (1989)

The etiological agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid was first described in 1889 by Auguste Ducrey following repeated autoinoculation of purulent ulcer material from a series of patients. The organism was isolated on artificial media a decade later but has remained difficult to isolate consistently, resulting in controversy over its characteristics and role as the causative agent of chancroid. Because of its fastidious growth requirements, including unknown components in blood, the organism was included in the original description of the genus Haemophilus. Requirement for exogenous hemin and limited phenotypic characteristics, including structural and antigenic properties, suggested that Haemophilus ducreyi was a valid member of the genus Haemophilus. Recent studies of respiratory quinones, deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, and competition for homologous transformation of the type species, H. influenzae, suggest that H. ducreyi is unrelated to any of the present species of the family Pasteurellaceae, which includes members of the genera Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, and Pasteurella. This review summarizes the early studies with H. ducreyi and our current knowledge of the microbiology of this important human pathogen.
Oxidative addition reactions of dicarbonyl[1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane]ruthenium(0). Elimination of ketene from an acetyl metal compound (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative addition reactions of dicarbonyl[1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane]ruthenium(0). Elimination of ketene from an acetyl metal compoundSven I. Hommeltoft and M. C. BairdCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 2, 190–195Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/om00133a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (865 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NMR quantification using an artificial signal (2010)

We have developed QUANTAS (QUANTification by Artificial Signal), which is a software-based protocol for concentration measurement by NMR. QUANTAS is an absolute intensity external standard method for quantification by NMR that compensates for various experimental parameters. It is applicable to all nuclei and modern spectrometers. QUANTAS is demonstrated here for (1)H and (19)F NMR, enabling heteronuclear integrals to be compared. It can be applied using fixed probe tuning, matching and pulse length, for samples with the same effective loading on the probe coil as the appropriate reference spectrum. Otherwise, an optimised tuning and matching approach is adopted for every sample together with explicit PULCON (PUlse Length-based CONcentration measurements) absolute intensity corrections.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer development and its clinical significance (2009)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in embryonic development. EMT is also involved in cancer progression and metastasis and it is probable that a common molecular mechanism is shared by these processes. Cancer cells undergoing EMT can acquire invasive properties and enter the surrounding stroma, resulting in the creation of a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression and metastasis. Furthermore, the acquisition of EMT features has been associated with chemoresistance which could give rise to recurrence and metastasis after standard chemotherapeutic treatment. Thus, EMT could be closely involved in carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Research into EMT and its role in cancer pathogenesis has progressed rapidly and it is now hypothesized that novel concepts such as cancer stem cells and microRNA could be involved in EMT. However, the involvement of EMT varies greatly among cancer types, and much remains to be learned. In this review, we present recent findings regarding the involvement of EMT in cancer progression and metastasis and provide a perspective from clinical and translational viewpoints.
<title>High track density magneto-optical recording using a crosstalk canceler</title> (1990)

High track density magneto-optical recording, using a crosstalk canceller which eliminates crosstalk from two adjacent tracks, has been developed. By this recording method, both land area and groove area can be used for data storage tracks, and twice the track density, cornpared with the conventional method, has been achieved. Applying this crosstalk canceller also realizes intersymbol interference compensation.
Impulse and thrust test of a sublimating-solid micropropulsion system (1966)

Recombination is crucial for crop breeding because it can break linkage drag and generate novel allele combinations. However, the high-resolution recombination landscape and its driving forces in soybean are largely unknown. Here, we constructed eight recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and genotyped individual lines using the high-density 600K SoySNP array, which yielded a high-resolution recombination map with 5636 recombination sites at a resolution of 1.37 kb. The recombination rate was negatively correlated with transposable element density and GC content but positively correlated with gene density. Interestingly, we found that meiotic recombination was enriched at the promoters of active genes. Further investigations revealed that chromatin accessibility and active epigenetic modifications promoted recombination. Our findings provide important insights into the control of homologous recombination and thus will increase our ability to accelerate soybean breeding by manipulating meiotic recombination rate.
DL_POLY: Application to molecular simulation (2002)

DL_POLY is a general-purpose molecular dynamics simulation package, which was developed by Daresbury Laboratory in the mid-1990s for the molecular simulation community in the United Kingdom. The package now has a world-wide user base and applications in many areas of molecular simulation. In this article we briefly review the history and design of the package and highlight some recent applications in the areas of; liquids and solutions; spectroscopy; ionic solids; molecular crystals; polymers; glasses; membranes; proteins; solid and liquid interfaces; catalysis; liquid crystals; intercalation and clathrates; and novel systems. The strengths and weaknesses of the code and its future in the near term are also discussed.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of model compounds for the active site cofactor in copper amine oxidases (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and spectroscopic characterization of model compounds for the active site cofactor in copper amine oxidasesMinae Mure and Judith P. KlinmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7117–7127Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views651Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vector field reconstruction from sparse samples with applications (2006)

We present a novel algorithm for 2D vector field reconstruction from sparse set of points-vectors pairs. Our approach subdivides the domain adaptively in order to make local piecewise polynomial approximations for the field. It uses partition of unity to blend those local approximations together, generating a global approximation for the field. The flexibility of this scheme allows handling data from very different sources. In particular, this work presents important applications of the proposed method to velocity and acceleration fields' analysis, in particular for fluid dynamics visualization
Managed Pressure Drilling, Casing and Cementing Enables Success in Conventionally Undrillable Wells in the Harding Field (2013)

Abstract Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has been used around the world to help drill wells where there is a tight mud weight (MW) window, due to the ability of the technology to more accurately control annular bottom hole pressure (BHP) while drilling, tripping and during connections. This paper presents the case history of the Harding PNE2a well design and execution in 2012, with particular focus on the planning process, design methodology and execution particulars associated with the use of MPD as the enabling technology to drill, case and cement the well. The team also employed a novel Fluid Pressure Transmission Pill (FPTP)i, composed of a cross-linked polymer, to maintain hydrostatic pressure while tripping BHAs and during deployment of the liner and sand control equipment. Earlier attempts to drill Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells from the Harding platform to the PNE4 and PNE2 reservoir targets resulted in drilling issues including packoffs and severe lost circulation due to BHP departing from the tight window of useable mud weights between the pressures at which the formation is expected to collapse or fracture. Use of MPD on the PNE2a well directly contributed to achievement of the well's objectives, and the operation was able to provide good control of BHP throughout the well construction process, in both 12-1/4" and 8-1/2" sections. This led to the long unstable shale sections being maintained with no cavings being observed while drilling, a first for the field, and the cementation of the long 9-5/8" liner being performed without losses despite the tight operating window and the use of conventional cements.
High resolution scanning electron microscopy of rabbit corneal endothelium to show effects of UV-visible irradiation in the presence of chlorpromazine. (1989)

The ultrastructure of rabbit cornea endothelial cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in freeze-cleaved corneas using a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope in the high resolution mode (HRSEM). In order to study phototoxic effects in vitro, rabbit corneas (experimental) were cultured as organ culture in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml chlorpromazine (CPZ) and irradiated. For comparison, control 1 corneas were not irradiated but incubated in the dark without CPZ in the medium; control 2 corneas were also kept in the dark but in the presence of CPZ; control 3 corneas were irradiated with no CPZ in the medium. Cellular damage was not seen in the three types of control corneas, but in the experimental corneas the endothelial cells showed extensive disruption of the cell membrane and some deterioration of the intracellular components. Our study confirmed that HRSEM is a satisfactory new technique for visualizing damage of the intracellular organelles of corneal endothelium.
Rapid recognition of freeform objects in noisy range images using tripod operators (2002)

The tripod operator is a class of feature extraction operators for range images. It facilitates the recognition and/or localization of objects by extracting a few sparse point samples in a regimented way; n sampled surface points yield only n-3 scalar features containing all the surface shape information in these points and no other information. They have complete six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) isometry invariance. Isolated objects are recognized in noisy range images using a statistical treatment of a few isolated tripod operator placements. Experiments show fast, reliable recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shared representation learning for heterogenous face recognition (2015)

After intensive research, heterogenous face recognition is still a challenging problem. The main difficulties are owing to the complex relationship between heterogenous face image spaces. The heterogeneity is always tightly coupled with other variations, which makes the relationship of heterogenous face images highly nonlinear. Many excellent methods have been proposed to model the nonlinear relationship, but they apt to overfit to the training set, due to limited samples. Inspired by the unsupervised algorithms in deep learning, this paper proposes a novel framework for heterogeneous face recognition. We first extract Gabor features at some localized facial points, and then use Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) to learn a shared representation locally to remove the heterogeneity around each facial point. Finally, the shared representations of local RBMs are connected together and processed by PCA. Near infrared (NIR) to visible (VIS) face recognition problem and two databases are selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. On CASIA HFB database, we obtain comparable results to state-of-the-art methods. On a more difficult database, CASIA NIR-VIS 2.0, we outperform other methods significantly.
The Use of an Energy Monitor in the Management of Diabetes: A Pilot Study (2009)

This pilot study demonstrated that the Energy Monitor could improve the management of diabetes by allowing people with diabetes to view and manage daily physical activity in addition to their usual diabetes therapy.
Seven Centuries of Building Wages (1955)

The secondary sources exist from which to construct a fairly continuous record of the money wage-rates of building craftsmen and labourers in southern England, typically in Oxford, from the later thirteenth century to the present day. Some apology is due for piecing and patching with secondary sources, when the primary materials are probably there for more detailed and solid work; but the magnitudes and epochs of the main movements are not in doubt, and the results which can be won from what is immediately accessible seem worth setting out for the sake of their grand perspective. The changes of seven centuries can be surveyed together in Fig. 1, and are set out period by period in Fig. 2. The data are in Table I.
Interleukin-4 in patients with prostate cancer. (2006)

IL-4 serum levels were demonstrated to be increased in honnone-refractory PCa and IL-4 was shown to enhance PSA reporter gene activity by the activation of AR NTD in human LNCaP cells. These results suggest that the AR can be activated by cytokines, and that this mechanism may play an important role in the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent PCa after patients receive androgen ablation therapy.
Hardware fault tolerance: an immunological solution (2002)

Since the advent of computers, numerous approaches have been taken to create hardware systems that provide a high degree of reliability even in the presence of errors. This paper addresses the problem from a biological perspective using the human immune system as a source of inspiration. The immune system uses many ingenious methods to provide reliable operation in the body and so may suggest how similar methods can be used in the future design of reliable computer systems. The paper addresses this challenge through the implementation of an immunised finite state machine-based counter. The proposed methods demonstrate how through a process of self/non-self-differentiation, the hardware immune system creates a set of tolerance conditions to monitor the change in states of the hardware. Potential faults may then be flagged, assessed and the appropriate recovery action taken.