gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt extracted fibres boost porous parts (1999)

In this work, a sequential compaction device has been successfully developed and implemented to produce commercially pure titanium cylinders, in which the porosity increases from the core to the surface or vice versa. The radial graded porosity (three concentric layers) have been obtained by conventional powder-metallurgy (PM) route and/or space-holder techniques. In the first way, controlling the sequential and differentiated degree of compaction of the layers, starting from the core of the specimen to the external layer. In the second way, by the control of the nature, amount, size and morphology of the spacer in each layer of the titanium cylinder. This device is interesting for the manufacture of implants, particularly for partial replacements of the cortical bone tissues, which replicates the hierarchical porous structure of the bone tissues. Furthermore, the use of this novel device could be extended to other applications that require materials with radial graded porosity, such as self-lubricated bearings, CO2 capture systems, substrates for catalysis, high efficiency heat sinks and surrogate materials to simulate irradiated nuclear fuel. Particularly, for bone replacement implants, the best result was obtained with the soft gradient porosity design (20, 40 and 60 vol. % of the porosity in the core, inner shell and external shell, respectively) and a size range of the spacer between 100–200 μm. In this context, the titanium cylinders manufactured with sodium chloride (NaCl) as spacer showed a Young's modulus of 26 GPa, and a yield strength of 278 MPa. On the other hand, those obtained with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as spacer presented a Young's modulus of 32.3 GPa and a yield strength of 321 MPa. Both designs present a good biomechanical and biofunctional balance, due to the high mechanical strength provided by the core, and the resolution of the stress shielding by the external layer, which also favours the growth of the bone tissue into the implant, due to the amount, size and interconnection of the pores.
The Measurement of Complex Reflection Coefficient by Means of a Five-Port Reflectometer (1983)

A detailed analysis of the five-port reflectometer is presented in this paper. The possibility and application limitation of using a five-port to measure complex reflection coefficients is discussed and the related design consideration is derived. From the poiut of view of minimum measurement error, an optimized, multi-octave five-port circuit is suggested and realized by ordinary microwave integrated circuit technology. Some measurement results are reported to prove the above analysis and design consideration.
Allograft versus autograft bone in scoliosis surgery (1988)

The results of a study of the use of autograft versus allograft bone in the surgery of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis are presented. Two groups of patients, matched for age, sex, level and angle of curve, received bone grafts, 20 patients having autogenous bone from the iliac crest and the other 20 having donor bone from a bone bank. Both groups had otherwise identical posterior fusions and Harrington instrumentation. There was no difference between the two groups in a blind, radiographic assessment of bone graft mass at six months, nor in maintenance of the curve correction over the same period. No major operative complications nor failures of instrumentation were encountered. There was, however, a marked reduction in operative time and blood loss in the patients receiving donor bone and also a much lower incidence of late symptoms relating to the operative sites. We conclude that, even in the presence of adequate iliac crest, the use of bank bone is superior for grafting in idiopathic scoliosis surgery.
IoT-DDL–Device Description Language for the “T” in IoT (2018)

We argue that the success of the Internet of Things (IoT) vision will greatly depend on how its main ingredient-the “thing”-is architected and prepared to engage. The IoT's fragmented and widevarying nature introduces the need for additional effort to homogenize these things so they may blend together with the surrounding space to create opportunities for powerful and unprecedented IoT applications. We introduce the IoT Device Description Language (IoT-DDL), a machineand human-readable descriptive language for things, seeking to achieve such integration and homogenization. IoT-DDL explicitly tools things to self-discover and securely share their own capabilities, entities, and services, including the various cloudbased accessories that may be attached to them. We also present the Atlas thing architecture-a lightweight architecture for things that fully exploits IoT-DDL and its specifications. Our architecture provides new OS layers, services, and capabilities we believe a thing must have in order to be prepared to engage in IoT scenarios and applications. The architecture and IoT-DDL enable things to generate their offered services and self-formulate APIs for such services, on the fly, at power-on or whenever a thing description changes. The architecture takes advantage of widely used device management, micro-services, security, and communication standards and protocols. We present details of IoT-DDL and corresponding parts of the thing architecture. We demonstrate some features of IoT-DDL and the architecture through proof-of-concept implementations. Finally, we present a benchmarking study to measure and assess time performance and energy consumption characteristics of our architecture and IoT-DDL on real hardware platforms.
Synthesis of α-Maltosides. I (1961)

Abstract Substituted phenyl-, α-naphthyl-, and cyclohexyl-α-maltosides were prepared from octaacetyl-β-maltose and the corresponding phenols. p-Nitrophenyl-α-maltoside was also prepared by another method from the nitration of heptaacetylphenyl-α-maltoside. Alkyl-α-maltoside were prepared from maltose and corresponding alcohol.
A Computational Model to Define the Molecular Causes of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2005)

The emerging hypotheses describe biologic effects in DM2 and offer important cues for molecular targeted therapy.
Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Kansas and Eastern Colorado Wheat Fields (2014)

Observations on the prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes were made from soil and root samples collected from 2,640 wheat fields in Kansas and Colorado during 2007-2010. Stunt nematodes (predominately Merlinius brevidens and Quinisulcius acutus), root-lesion nematodes (predominately Pratylenchus neglectus), and pin nematodes (Paratylenchus projectus) were the most commonly encountered taxa. Maximum soil population densities of 6,520 and 1,880 nematodes/100 cm 3 soil were observed for pin and stunt nematodes, respectively, while a maximum root population density of 90,309 nematodes/g dry root was observed for root-lesion nematodes. Lower nematode densities were associated with wheat following corn, grain sorghum, or soybean for pin and stunt nematodes, and with wheat following fallow for root-lesion nematodes. Based on the results of this survey, 6% and 8% of wheat acreage in the central Great Plains are estimated to be at risk for significant (>5%) yield loss due to stunt nematodes and root-lesion nematodes, respectively. The number of fields with high population densities of both stunt and root-lesion nematodes was negligible (1%); therefore, the total wheat acreage with nematode populations above provisional economic thresholds is estimated to be ∼13%. Damage relationships with greater accuracy, precision, and relevance are necessary to establish reliable yield loss estimates for this region. 3 June 2014. 11 August 2014.
Multimedia: East Meets West (1999)

Exhibition at the Science Museum, London, until 27 June


  According to Robert Temple in his book The Genius of China, the Chinese were isolating sex and pituitary hormones from the urine by sublimation as early as the 2nd century bc and using them for medicinal purposes. The crystals they obtained were traditionally called “autumn mineral,” being likened to the hoarfrost of the autumn and were said to be used by the Prince of Han in 125 bc. 




Western interest in Chinese and other Eastern medicines has a long history, extending back to classical times. In 1669, the great philosopher Leibniz regarded Chinese medicine as “at least as good as that of Europe.” East Meets West, an exhibition at the Science Museum, shows that the influence of traditional eastern medicines has extended far beyond the realms of endocrinology. Methods of diagnosis such as the reading of the pulse and preventing disease through vaccination were brought back to the West by Christian missionaries and foreign doctors from China.

Equally, many ideas on treatment have originated from the traditional Indian medical systems of Ayurveda and Unani, including the technique of facial repair advocated in the Ayurveda text Sushruta Samhita, which fostered the discipline of plastic surgery.

Medical discoveries and technologies have passed both ways over the centuries. The exhibition explores how medicine evolved in Greek and Islamic cultures led to a renaissance in Western culture; the harmony of Islamic and Indian medical traditions in India, with a subsequent exchange of practices with the West through Britain’s colonisation of the subcontinent; the transfer of medical ideas between Chinese doctors and Christian missionaries; and the origins of smallpox inoculation, conceived in the East but refined in the West.

The exhibition also displays other traditional Eastern medical practices that have not been incorporated so readily into the Western model of medicine—such as acupuncture and moxibustion, the application of burning leaves of the mugwort to acupuncture sites in an effort to restore harmony of yin and yang. These examples hint at the fundamental differences in culture and ideology that have formed and moulded traditional as well as modern medicine, a reason for their uneasy coexistence in many societies today.
On the Use of Discriminative Cohort Score Normalization for Unconstrained Face Recognition (2014)

Facial imaging has been largely addressed for automatic personal identification, in a variety of different environments. However, automatic face recognition becomes very challenging whenever the acquisition conditions are unconstrained. In this paper, a picture-specific cohort normalization approach, based on polynomial regression, is proposed to enhance the robustness of face matching under challenging conditions. A careful analysis is presented to better understand the actual discriminative power of a given cohort set. In particular, it is shown that the cohort polynomial regression alone conveys some discriminative information on the matching face pair, which is just marginally worse than the raw matching score. The influence of the cohort set size in the matching accuracy is also investigated. Further, tests performed on the Face Recognition Grand Challenge ver 2 database and the labeled faces in the wild database allowed to determine the relation between the quality of the cohort samples and cohort normalization performance. Experimental results obtained from the LFW data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to improve the recognition accuracy in unconstrained face acquisition scenarios.
Secondary Headache: Current Update (2020)

Headache is a common symptom of multiple medical conditions. Although a minority of headache patients have a secondary basis for their headaches, it is important to identify clinical features of secondary headache disorders including both the headache and non-headache features of the condition, diagnose the secondary etiology correctly, and treat them appropriately.
A smart energy-harvester with the action of electric-power generating triggered by pre-set vibration threshold (2015)

This paper reports a novel piezoelectric energy-harvesting device that generates electric-power only when the concerned vibration level reaches a critical threshold. The threshold triggering function (equivalent to that of a sensing switch) is achieved by magnetic repulsive coupling between two vibratory stages (namely sensing-stage and generating-stage) integrated in the device. The threshold can be pre-set by adjusting the gap-distance between the two stages. The working mechanism is validated by both theoretical analysis and testing results from the prototyped micro-devices where maximum average power of 15μW can be generated at 4g acceleration. With the self-sensed vibration-amplitude triggered power-generating function, the smart device can be used for fully self-powered autonomous alarming.
The terminal repeats and latency-associated nuclear antigen of herpesvirus saimiri are essential for episomal persistence of the viral genome (2002)

The simian herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) induces malignant T cell lymphomas and is closely related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8). Both belong to the gamma-2 herpesvirus subgroup. The viral genome of HVS consists of a unique region (L-DNA) that contains all of the viral genes flanked by non-coding terminal repeats (H-DNA). Here we describe the cloning of a 113 kb restriction fragment containing the L-DNA of an oncogenic HVS strain in an F' replicon-based E. coli vector. Cloned DNA was infectious and the ends of the progeny viral genome consisted of amplified tandem alternating repeats of vector and a single H-DNA unit. T cells infected with these viruses contained the linear DNA typically found a few weeks after infection, but were unable to form episomal circular viral DNA, which is the latent form of the viral genome. Recombinant viruses with reconstructed H-DNA were generated and T cells infected with these rescued viruses contained high copy numbers of episomal DNA. Plasmids expressing the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and containing various numbers of H-DNA repeats stably replicated as episomes, but constructs containing three repeat units produced the highest copy numbers. These data show that intact and multiple terminal repeats are essential components for episomal replication in latently infected T cells. Moreover, LANA and terminal repeats are sufficient for stable plasmid persistence. Cloned HVS can also be utilized for mutagenesis of HVS and for the expression of foreign genes through efficient manipulation of plasmids in E. coli.
Recurrent opioid toxicity after pre‐hospital care of presumed heroin overdose patients (2006)

Allowing presumed heroin overdose patients to sign out after pre-hospital care with naloxone is safe. If transported to an ED, a 1-h observation period after naloxone administration seems to be adequate for recurrent heroin toxicity.
Copolymerization of isopropenyl and isopropylidene oxazolones with styrene (1966)

Abstract 2‐Isopropenyl‐4‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐one (M 2 ), was copolymerized with styrene (M 1 ), and the monomer reactivity ratios were determined to be r 1 = 0.31 ± 0.03, r 2 = 1.12 ± 0.10. New isomerized oxazolones (M 2 ), 2‐isopropylidene‐4‐methyl‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐one, 2‐isopropylidene‐4‐isopropyl‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐one, and 2‐isopropylidene‐4‐isobutyl‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐one were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomer reactivity ratios were: r 1 = 0.36 = 0.07, r 2 = 0.0; r 1 = 0.39 ± 0.06, r 2 = 0.00 ± 0.10; r 1 = 0.39 ± 0.10, r 2 = 0.0, respectively. The isomerized oxazolones showed no tendency towards homopolymerization by radical initiator. From the results of infrared and NMR spectra and hydrolysis of the copolymer, it was indicated that the isomerized oxazolones participated in copolymerization in the form of 1–4 polymerization of the conjugated dienes (exo double bond at C 2 and the CN in the ring). Copolymers reacted with nucleophilic reagents such as amines and alcohols.
Serotyping HIV-1 with V3 peptides: detection of high avidity antibodies presenting clade-specific reactivity (2002)

The main objective of the present study was to assess the specificity and sensitivity of a modified assay using short synthetic peptides of the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120, which is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. Results from an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) employing a panel of synthetic peptides of HIV-1 subtypes and using urea washes to detect high avidity antibodies (AAV3) were compared with those obtained by the heteroduplex mobility assay and DNA sequencing. The EIA correctly typed 100% of subtype B (sensitivity = 1.0; specificity = 0.95), 100% of HIV-1 E samples (sensitivity = 1.0; specificity = 1.0), and 95% of subtype C specimens (sensitivity = 0.95; specificity = 0.94). In contrast, only 50% of subtype A (sensitivity = 0.5; specificity = 0.95), 60% of subtype D (sensitivity = 0.6; specificity = 1.0), and 28% of subtype F samples (sensitivity = 0.28; specificity = 0.95) were correctly identified. This approach was also able to discriminate in a few samples antibodies from patients infected with B variants circulating in Brazil and Thailand that reacted specifically. The assays described in this study are relatively rapid and simple to perform compared to molecular approaches and can be used to screen large numbers of serum or plasma samples. Moreover, the classification in subtypes (genotypes) may overestimate HIV-1 diversity and a classification into serotypes, based on antigenic V3 diversity or another principal neutralization domain, may be more helpful for vaccine development and identification of variants.
Compensating for moderate effective throughput at the desktop (2000)

This article presents the design and development of a networking system architecture targeted to support high-speed TCP/IP communication over ATM. The discussed architecture has been developed in the form of an integrated system which incorporates state-of-the-art software and hardware subsystems, and an OC-12c ATM adapter (622 Mb/s). Moreover, the design of this embedded system has been based on the Chorus real-time operating system, which, in turn, hosts an accelerated TCP/IP protocol stack over ATM. Furthermore, the embedded system board has been developed according to the PCI specification to easily be plugged into a host platform. In addition, the OC-12c ATM adapter subsystem has been designed and developed in order to also be plugged into the same host. The developed architecture has proven very efficient and reliable, providing high-throughput and low-latency bulk data communications. The measured performance on an OC-3c-based (155 Mb/s) testbed has shown that an optimally implemented TCP/IP stack, hosted by a real-time kernel and coupled with an ATM adapter, offers a robust desktop platform for high-speed end-to-end communications. The main feature of the accelerated TCP/IP protocol stack is the out-of-band processing of control and data information. The protocol accelerator embedded system processes the TCP/IP headers and accomplishes checksum computations, while data is transferred from the host's user memory space directly to the network. Finally, for validation purposes, the prototype system has been incorporated in an existing networking infrastructure targeted to support mass storage applications.
Crystal structure of D52N/R367Q cN-II mutant bound to dATP and free phosphate (2017)

Activating mutations in NT5C2, a gene encoding cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase (cN-II), confer chemoresistance in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we show that all mutants became independent of allosteric effects of ATP and thus constitutively active. Structural mapping of mutations described in patients demonstrates that 90% of leukemia-specific allelles directly affect two regulatory hotspots within the cN-II molecule-the helix A region: residues 355-365, and the intersubunit interface: helix B (232-242) and flexible interhelical loop L (400-418). Furthermore, analysis of hetero-oligomeric complexes combining wild-type (WT) and mutant subunits showed that the activation is transmitted from the mutated to the WT subunit. This intersubunit interaction forms structural basis of hyperactive NT5C2 in drug-resistant leukemia in which heterozygous NT5C2 mutation gave rise to hetero-tetramer mutant and WT proteins. This enabled us to define criteria to aid the prediction of NT5C2 drug resistance mutations in leukemia.
Asymmetric induction reactions. V. The palladium-catalyzed asymmetric .alpha.-allylation of carbonyl compounds with chiral allyl esters via enamines and imines (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric induction reactions. V. The palladium-catalyzed asymmetric .alpha.-allylation of carbonyl compounds with chiral allyl esters via enamines and iminesKunio Hiroi, Jun Abe, Kyoko Suya, Shuko Sato, and Toshihiro KoyamaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 1, 203–213Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00080a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00080a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1206Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Purification and Properties of Potato Alpha-amylase (1975)

Alpha-amylase was purified from fresh potato tuber homogenate by extraction at pH 5.0 with acetate buffer followed by glycogen precipitation and chromatography on Sephadex G75. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From gel filtration, the molecular weight was determined as 42℃. Activation energy between 26℃-42℃ was 8200 calories per mole and the Km was 5.2X10^(-3) g/ml on modified soluble starch.
Structural Characterization of a 4-Hydroxy-2-alkenal-Derived Fluorophore That Contributes to Lipoperoxidation-Dependent Protein Cross-Linking in Aging and Degenerative Disease (1998)

Modification of proteins by products of lipid peroxidation results in various fluorescent adducts associated with oxidative stress pathophysiology in degenerative disease. Using n-butylamine as a model for the lysine side chain, the structure of the probable major ex/em 360/430-nm fluorophore that arises from cross-linking of two protein-based lysines by one 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal is shown to be a 2-alkyl-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyrrol-3-one iminium. That this fluorophore can be independently generated in higher yield from either 4-oxo-2-alkenals or 3,4-dioxoalkanals supports a proposed mechanistic pathway that involves two 2e oxidations following initial Schiff base formation.
Shark Skin: Function in Locomotion (1978)

Hydrostatic pressure under the skin of sharks varies with swimming speed. Stress in the skin varies with the internal pressure, and the skin stress controls skin stiffness. Locomotory muscles attach to the skin which is thus a whole-body exotendon whose mechanical advantage in transmitting muscular contraction is greater than that of the endoskeleton.
Effect of Tonsillectomy Plus Steroid Pulse Therapy on Clinical Remission of IgA Nephropathy (2008)

Tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulse treatment can induce clinical remission in patients with IgA nephropathy.