gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Glutathione is a Novel Regulator of Vernalization-Induced Bolting in the Rosette Plant Eustoma grandiflorum (2004)

The transition from the vegetative rosette stage to the reproductive growth stage (bolting) in the rosette plant Eustoma grandiflorum has a strict requirement for vernalization, a treatment that causes oxidative stress. Since we have shown that reduced glutathione (GSH) and its biosynthesis are associated with bolting in another rosette plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we here investigated whether a similar mechanism governs the vernalization-induced bolting of E. grandiflorum. Addition of GSH or its precursor cysteine, instead of vernalization, induced bolting but other thiols, dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol, did not. The inductive effect of vernalization on bolting was nullified by addition of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, without decreasing the plant growth rate. BSO-mediated inhibition of bolting was reversed by addition of GSH but not by cysteine. These indicate that vernalization-induced bolting involves GSH biosynthesis and is specifically regulated by GSH. Plant GSH increased during the early vernalization period along with the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase that catalyzes the first step of GSH biosynthesis, although there was little change in amounts of GSH precursor thiols, cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine. These findings strongly suggest that vernalization stimulates GSH synthesis and synthesized GSH specifically determines the bolting time of E. grandiflorum.
Ultrashort pulses with high average power (2003)

We discuss the latest achievement on passively mode-locked high-power lasers, delivering tens of watts of average power in sub-picosecond pulses. The most promising concept is that of the passively mode-locked thin disk Yb:YAG laser which can so far generate up to 50 W of average power in sub-picosecond pulses.
Performance of a reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle unit coupled with a passive house to get a positive energy building (2016)

This paper presents an innovative technology that can be used to deliver more renewable electricity production than the total electrical consumption of a building while covering the heat demand on a yearly basis. The technology concept uses a heat pump (HP), slightly modified to revert its cycle and generate electricity, coupled to a solar thermal collector roof. This reversible HP/organic Rankine cycle unit presents three operating modes: direct heating, HP and organic Rankine cycle. This work focuses on describing the dynamic model of the multi-component system followed by a techno-economic analysis of the system under different operational conditions. Sensitivity studies include: building envelope, climate, appliances, lighting and heat demand profiles. It is concluded that the HP/ORC unit can turn a single-family house into a PEB under certain weather conditions (electrical production of 3012 kWh/year and total electrical consumption of 2318 kWh/year) with a 138.8 m2 solar roof in Denmark.
Application of conventional laser technology to gamma-gamma colliders (1995)

A future e−-e+ (electron-positron) linear collider can be configured with perhaps minimal modification to serve as an γ-γ (gamma-gamma) or a e−-γ collider. This is accomplished by Compton-backscattering low energy photons (from a laser source) off of the high-energy electron beams prior to the crossing of the electron beams. However, to be competitive with the e−-e+ configuration, the luminosity cannot be compromised in the process. This requires that the laser source diliver a sufficient number of photons per pulse with a pulse format and rate matching that of the electron beams. As it turns out, this requires an average optical power of 5–15 kW from the laser which is beyond the current state of the art. In this paper, we address how to generate the required pulse format and how the high average power requirement can be met with conventional laser technology. We also address concerns about the survivability of mirrors located near the interaction point. Finally, we list a program of research and development which addresses some of the unknowns in such a system.
Characteristics of Silicon Dioxide Film Prepared by Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Tetraethoxysilane and Ozone with Alcohol Addition (1995)

We evaluate the characteristics of silicon dioxide film deposited by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) using tetraethoxysilane and ozone ( TEOS/O 3 ) with alcohol addition and the role of the alcohol in the reaction system using ethanol- D 6 . The deuterium substituted ethanol, like normal ethanol, decreases the effective ozone concentration. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis detects a uniform distribution of hydrogen and deuterium incorporated into the deposited film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra show the relationship between the content of the terminal groups in the film and the effective ozone concentration. Three states in thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) spectra are characterized: water absorbed after film deposition, water absorbed during film deposition, and terminal groups (i.e., Si-H and Si-OH) in the film in order of annealing temperature. Moreover, it is found that the third state contains two peaks due to deuterium substitution. One of the peaks in the third state is associated with the flowing-like profile formation.
CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted Deletion of Polyglutamine in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by an abnormal expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) triplet in ATXN3, which translates into a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within ataxin-3 (ATXN3) protein. Although the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, it is well established that expression of mutant forms of ATXN3 carrying an expanded polyQ domain are involved in SCA3 pathogenesis, and several strategies to suppress mutant ATXN3 have shown promising potential for SCA3 treatment. In this study, we described successful clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated deletion of the expanded polyQ-encoding region of ATXN3 in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a SCA3 patient, and these patient-specific iPSCs retained pluripotency and neural differentiation following expanded polyQ deletion. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-binding capacity of ATXN3 was retained in the neural cells differentiated from the corrected iPSCs. For the first time, this work provides preliminary data for gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 in SCA3, and demonstrates the feasibility of using a single-guide RNA pair to delete the expanded polyQ-encoding region of ATXN3, suggesting the potential efficacy of this method for future therapeutic application.
Artificial Intelligence as the year 2000 approaches (1992)

article Free Access Share on Artificial Intelligence as the year 2000 approaches Author: Maurice V. Wilkes View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 35Issue 8Aug. 1992 pp 17–23https://doi.org/10.1145/135226.135237Published:01 August 1992Publication History 10citation437DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads437Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mechanism of Cell Adaptation (2011)

Chemotherapy treatments are considered essential tools to defeat cancer progression and dissemination to improve patients' quality of life and survival. Although most malignancies initially respond to chemotherapeutic treatments, after an unpredictable period, tumor cells develop mechanisms of resistance to the treatment. Different cell compartments are involved in the mechanism of chemoresistance, and multiple mechanisms can be activated by single cells at different times of the cancer progression. Alteration of drug metabolism, derangement of intracellular pathways' signaling, cross-talk between different membrane receptors, and modification of apoptotic signaling and interference with cell replication are all mechanisms that the cell uses to overcome the effect of pharmacological compounds.In this review, we describe different adaptation, mostly at the level of the proteome, which cancer cells use to develop resistance to cancer treatment.
Complete Nucleotide Sequences of Plasmids pEK204, pEK499, and pEK516, Encoding CTX-M Enzymes in Three Major <i>Escherichia coli</i> Lineages from the United Kingdom, All Belonging to the International O25:H4-ST131 Clone (2009)

We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of three plasmids that encode CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-defined United Kingdom variants (strains A, C, and D) of the internationally prevalent Escherichia coli O25:H4-ST131 clone. Plasmid pEK499 (strain A; 117,536 bp) was a fusion of type FII and FIA replicons and harbored the following 10 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to eight antibiotic classes: bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(TEM-1,) aac6'-Ib-cr, mph(A), catB4, tet(A), and the integron-borne dfrA7, aadA5, and sulI genes. pEK516 (strain D; 64,471 bp) belonged to incompatibility group IncFII and carried seven antibiotic resistance genes: bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(TEM-1), aac6'-Ib-cr, catB4, and tet(A), all as in pEK499. It also carried aac3-IIa, conferring gentamicin resistance, and was highly related to pC15-1a, a plasmid encoding the CTX-M-15 enzyme in Canada. By contrast, pEK204 (strain C; 93,732 bp) belonged to incompatibility group IncI1 and carried only two resistance genes, bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(TEM-1). It probably arose by the transposition of Tn3 and ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M-3) elements into a pCOLIb-P9-like plasmid. We conclude that (i) United Kingdom variants of the successful E. coli ST131 clone have acquired different plasmids encoding CTX-M ESBLs on separate occasions, (ii) the bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(CTX-M-15) genes on pEK204 and pEK499/pEK516 represent separate escape events, and (iii) IncFII plasmids harboring bla(CTX-M-15) have played a crucial role in the global spread of CTX-M-15 ESBLs in E. coli.
Downregulation of the 18‐kDa translocator protein: Effects on the ammonia‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition and cell swelling in cultured astrocytes (2007)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major neurological complication in patients with severe liver disease. While the pathogenesis of HE is unclear, elevated blood and brain ammonia levels are believed to be major etiological factors, and astrocytes appear to be the primary target of its toxicity. A notable feature of ammonia neurotoxicity is an upregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) (formerly referred to as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor or PBR), which is found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the precise significance of this upregulation is unclear. To examine its potential role in ammonia-induced astrocyte dysfunction, we downregulated the TSPO using antisense oligonucleotides, and examined whether such downregulation could alter two prominent features of ammonia gliotoxicity, namely, the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and astrocyte swelling. Nontransfected cultures treated with NH4Cl (5 mM; 48 h) showed a significant increase in astrocyte cell volume (37.5%). In cultured astrocytes transfected with TSPO antisense oligonucleotides, such cell swelling was reduced to 17%, but this change was not significantly different from control cell volume. Similarly, nontransfected cultures treated with NH4Cl (5 mM; 24 h) exhibited a 40% decline in the cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial inner membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) (P < 0.01) (a measure of the MPT). By contrast, cells transfected with TSPO antisense oligonucleotides did not display a significant loss of the DeltaPsi(m) following ammonia exposure. Our findings highlight the important role of the TSPO in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity.
Zinc Borate as a Flame Retardant, Smoke Suppressant, and Afterglow Suppressant in Polymers (1990)

Zinc Borate (2Zn0·3B203·3.5H20) is a unique multifuntional fire retardant. It can function as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, afterglow suppressant, as well as an anti-tracking agent in polymers. It has been used extnesively as a fire retardant in PVC, polyolefin, nylon, polyester, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, rubbers, etc.
Pathogenicity of Fungi to Eggs of Heterodera glycines. (1996)

Twenty-one isolates of 18 fungal species were tested on water agar for their pathogenicity to eggs of Heterodera glycines. An egg-parasitic index (EPI) for each of these fungi was recorded on a scale from 0 to 10, and hatch of nematode eggs was determined after exposure to the fungi on water agar for 3 weeks at 24 C. The EPI for Verticillium chlamydosporium was 7.6, and the fungus reduced hatch 74%. Pyrenochaeta terrestris and two sterile fungi also showed a high EPI and reduced hatch 42-73%. Arthrobotrys dactyloides, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Stagonospora heteroderae, Neocosmospora vasinfecta, Fusarium solani, and Exophiala pisciphila were moderately pathogenic to eggs (EPI was 2.0-4.5, and hatch was reduced 21-56%). Beauveria bassiana, Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Hirsutella thompsonii, Dictyochaeta heteroderae, Dictyochaeta coffeae, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Cladosporium sp. showed little parasitism of nematode eggs but reduced hatch. A negative correlation was observed between hatch and fungal parasitism of eggs. Fusarium oxysporum, H. rhossiliensis, P. lilacinus, S. heteroderae, V. chlamydosporium, and sterile fungus 1 also were tested in soil in a greenhouse test. After 3 months, the nematode densities were lower in soil treated with H. rhossiliensis and V. chlamydosporium than in untreated soil. The nematode population densities were correlated negatively with the EPI, but not with the percentage of cysts colonized by the fungi. Plant weights and heights generally increased in the soil treated with the fungi.
Inhibitory effects of ketotifen on eotaxin‐dependent activation of eosinophils: consequences for allergic eye diseases (2003)

Through inhibition of chemotaxis, ketotifen might limit the number of eosinophils at the inflammation site during allergic reaction. Furthermore, inhibition by ketotifen of main inflammatory mediators release suggests a potential role of the drug in limiting the pathological potential of eosinophils.
Network Management Systems Essentials (1996)

From the Publisher:
The volume presents extensive coverage of network management concepts, standards, and architectures for commercial technology - plus numerous exercises, references, and illustrations to enhance your understanding of the material. Ideal for computer and network professionals as well as network end users, this book will serve as both an on-the-job reference and an easy-to-use tutorial on network management fundamentals.
Decision Making, Loops and Arrays (2003)

The last chapter gave you a comprehensive knowledge of ASP Syntax. This chapter will put that knowledge to use by creating functions that further empower you to perform decision-making steps throughout your code.
A Tutorial Introduction to Decision Theory (1968)

Decision theory provides a rational framework for choosing between alternative courses of action when the consequences resulting from this choice are imperfectly known. Two streams of thought serve as the foundations: utility theory and the inductive use of probability theory. The intent of this paper is to provide a tutorial introduction to this increasingly important area of systems science. The foundations are developed on an axiomatic basis, and a simple example, the "anniversary problem," is used to illustrate decision theory. The concept of the value of information is developed and demonstrated. At times mathematical rigor has been subordinated to provide a clear and readily accessible exposition of the fundamental assumptions and concepts of decision theory. A sampling of the many elegant and rigorous treatments of decision theory is provided among the references.
Roles of oxidizing species in a nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure pulsed remote O2/N2 plasma glass cleaning process (2008)

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatments have attracted attention for various application processes. The effect of O2 additions below 0.2% to N2 was investigated for the efficiency of removing organic contaminants on a glass surface using nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure pulsed plasma. A remarkably high efficiency of cleaning was obtained by a plasma treatment with ca. 0.03% O2 additions to N2. The concentration of ozone (O3) and the ground-state oxygen radical [O(P32)] were measured using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet laser absorption spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that the key factors for surface cleaning were the scission of carbon bonds due to ultraviolet irradiation and subsequent oxidation due to O(P3), and that the surface cleaning proceeded in broad areas due to the photodissociation of O3.
Electron Microscopy of Shale Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (2013)

Abstract The purpose of this memoir is to provide a practical reference for geologists, geophysicists, engineers, and students to gain a better understanding of the various state-of-the-art techniques and applications of electron microscopy for shale hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation. This reference volume is intended for both specialists and non-specialists alike and will serve as a practical guide for petrographic interpretation and reservoir analog studies. This book contains 13 highly illustrated peer-reviewed papers that describe modern techniques and recent case studies, and a catalog of nearly 250 described SEM images of known productive and potential shale hydrocarbon reservoirs in the United States. The included DVD contains a digital copy of the printed material, plus supplemental supporting data, additional color images, and digital reservoir model three-dimensional animation files.
Expression of the major vault protein LRP in human non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells: Activation by short‐term exposure to antineoplastic drugs (2000)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are characterised by resistance to the toxic impact of antineoplastic drugs both in vivo and in vitro.The lung resistance-related protein (LRP), identical with the human major vault protein, is overexpressed in a variety of tumour cells characterised by intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance.We investigated the expression and cellular localisation of LRP in 16 unselected NSCLC cell lines, immortalised bronchial epithelial cells and embryonic lung fibroblasts.All cell lines analysed expressed LRP mRNA, while protein expression ranged from undetectable up to high levels.Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence staining in selected cell lines localised LRP almost exclusively to the cytoplasm.LRP was contained in the 100,000 g pellet and absent in the soluble, cytosolic fraction and nuclei.A small proportion of LRP, however, was shown to be loosely associated with the outside of the nuclei.Sucrose gradient equilibrium centrifugation revealed presence of LRP exclusively in the fraction known to accumulate purified vault particles.Short-term exposure (16 hr) to subtoxic daunomycin (DM)-, and bleomycin (BM)-concentrations significantly (up to 4-fold) enhanced LRP expression in 2/4 cell lines tested.Cisplatin (CDDP) had a minor effect while vinblastine (VBL) was ineffective.At cytotoxic conditions all drugs rather decreased than increased LRP expression.When basic LRP expression was compared with chemosensitivity, a significant correlation was detected for resistance to CDDP but not DM, doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (VP-16), VBL and BM.Summing up, our data suggest a role of vaults both in basic CDDP resistance and, additionally, in an short-term defensive response of NSCLC cells against several other drugs.
Attack pattern-based combinatorial testing (2014)

The number of potential security threats rises with the increasing number of web applications, which cause tremendous financial and existential implications for developers and users as well. The biggest challenge for security testing is to specify and implement ways in order to detect potential vulnerabilities of the developed system in a never ending quest against new security threats but also to cover already known ones so that a program is suited against typical attack vectors. For these purposes many approaches have been developed in the area of model-based security testing in order to come up with solutions for real-world application problems. These approaches provide theoretical background as well as practical solutions for certain security issues. In this paper, we partially rely on previous work but focus on the representation of attack patterns using UML state diagrams. We extend previous work in combining the attack pattern models with combinatorial testing in order to provide concrete test input, which is submitted to the system under test. With combinatorial testing we capture different combinations of inputs and thus increasing the likelihood to find weaknesses in the implementation under test that can be exploited. Besides the foundations of our approach we further report on first experiments that indicate its practical use.
Processing Digital Color Images: From Capture to Display (1992)

Color is a vital part of our everyday experience. It provides essential cues about our environment, adds aesthetic value to the world around us and even has a strong effect on our mood. Yet the role of color in this age of electronic information processing is surprisingly incomplete. We use color in separate and isolated systems and have no way to connect them. We photograph our families and look at the prints in albums; we view time-varying color images on our television sets; we sit in front of computer monitors that display multicolor windows and icons and perhaps some color pictures. How do we take the family photographs and display them on our televisions, or grab snapshots from television broadcasts and put them into our personal computers, or combine those images with those in the photo albums and print them as color images in a newsletter? These scenarios and others that involve capture, manipulation and display or printing of color images in heretofore unimagined ways are becoming realized in the workplace and home thanks to digital color. (Figure 1 shows a monitor display of one of the window-based products for processing digital color images, in this case Adobe Systems' Adobe-Photoshop.)
Micro<scp>RNA</scp>s (mi<scp>RNA</scp>s) in the control of <scp>HF</scp> development and cycling: the next frontiers in hair research (2015)

Hair follicle development and its postnatal regeneration are characterized by dramatic changes in its microanatomy and cellular activity, which are controlled by multiple signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs and their targets form remarkably diverse regulatory networks, playing a key role in the execution of gene expression programmes in the different cell lineages of the hair follicle. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in the control of hair follicle development, cycling and hair pigmentation, emphasizes the remaining problems/unanswered questions, and provides future directions in this rapidly growing and exciting area of research.