gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Cell Cycle Progression in Osteoblasts Overexpressing the c-fos Proto-oncogene (2004)

Transgenic mice overexpressing the c-Fos oncoprotein develop osteosarcomas that are associated with deregulated expression of cell cycle genes. Here we have generated osteoblast cell lines expressing c-fos under the control of a tetracycline-regulatable promoter to investigate the role of c-Fos in osteoblast cell cycle control in vitro. Three stable subclones, AT9.2, AT9.3, and AT9.7, derived from MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts, expressed high levels of exogenous c-fos mRNA and protein in the absence of tetracycline. Functional contribution of ectopic c-Fos to AP-1 complexes was confirmed by electromobility shift assays and transactivation of AP-1 reporter constructs. Induction of exogenous c-Fos in quiescent AT9.2 cells caused accelerated S-phase entry following serum stimulation, resulting in enhanced growth rate. Ectopic c-Fos resulted in increased expression of cyclins A and E protein levels, and premature activation of cyclin A-, cyclin E-, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2-associated kinase activities, although cyclin D levels and CDK4 activity were not affected significantly in these cell lines. The enhanced CDK2 kinase activity was associated with a rapid, concomitant dissociation of p27 from CDK2-containing complexes. Deregulated cyclin A expression and CDK2 activity was also observed in primary mouse osteoblasts overexpressing c-Fos, but not in fibroblasts, and c-Fos transgenic tumor-derived osteosarcoma cells constitutively expressed high levels of cyclin A protein. These data suggest that overexpression of c-Fos in osteoblasts results in accelerated S phase entry as a result of deregulated cyclin A/E-CDK2 activity. This represents a novel role for c-Fos in osteoblast growth control and may provide c-Fos-overexpressing osteoblasts with a growth advantage during tumorigenesis.
Measurement of atrophy in multiple sclerosis: pathological basis, methodological aspects and clinical relevance (2002)

MRI methods are widely used to follow the pathological evolution of multiple sclerosis in life and its modification by treatment. To date, measures of the number and volume of macroscopically visible lesions have been studied most often. These MRI outcomes have demonstrated clear treatment effects but without a commensurate clinical benefit, suggesting that there are other aspects of multiple sclerosis pathology that warrant investigation. In this context, there has been considerable interest in measuring tissue loss (atrophy) as a more global marker of the adverse outcome of multiple sclerosis pathology, whether it arises in macroscopic lesions or in the normal appearing tissues. An International Workshop recently considered the measurement of atrophy in multiple sclerosis and provided the basis for this review. Brain white matter bulk consists predominantly of axons (46%) followed by myelin (24%), and progressive atrophy implies loss of these structures, especially axons, although variable effects on tissue volumes may also arise from glial cell proliferation or loss, gliosis, inflammation and oedema. Significant correlations found between brain volume and other putative MR neuronal markers also indicate that atrophy reflects axonal loss. Numerous methods are available for the measurement of global and regional brain volumes and upper cervical cord cross-sectional area that are highly reproducible and sensitive to changes within 6-12 months. In general, 3D-T(1)-weighted acquisitions and largely automated segmentation approaches are optimal. Whereas normalized volumes are desirable for cross-sectional studies, absolute volume measures are adequate for serial investigation. Atrophy is seen at all clinical stages of multiple sclerosis, developing gradually following the appearance of inflammatory lesions. This probably reflects both inflammation-induced axonal loss followed by Wallerian degeneration and post-inflammatory neurodegeneration that may be partly due to failure of remyelination. One component of atrophy appears to be independent of focal lesions. Existing immunomodulatory therapies have had limited effects on progressive atrophy, concordant with their modest effects on progressive disability. Atrophy provides a sensitive measure of the neurodegenerative component of multiple sclerosis and should be measured in trials evaluating potential anti-inflammatory, remyelinating or neuroprotective therapies.
Primary induction of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against a synthetic peptide of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. (1997)

Identification of in vitro immunogenic T-cell epitopes is important for the design of immunotherapeutics targeted to specific antigenic sites. To identify candidate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain MN, we synthesized 9-mer and 10-mer peptides containing the HLA-A*0201 binding motif. Binding affinity of the peptides was measured by HLA-A*0201 up-regulation on T2 cells. Peptides with high binding-affinity were tested for their ability to stimulate primary CTLs from healthy HIV-negative blood donors. Peptide-specific CTLs were obtained from five out of six donors by stimulation with a 9-mer (LVGPTPVNI) or a 10-mer (VLVGPTPVNI) peptide derived from a highly conserved amino acid stretch in the C-terminal region of the protease. Addition of peptide-specific CTLs to acutely HIV-infected lymphocytes resulted in inhibition of p24gag production. In conclusion, a highly conserved HIV protease peptide regularly elicits peptide-specific CTLs. Targeting immune responses against defined epitopes in non-variable regions may be a feasible way to minimize the risk of virus escape from immune surveillance.
Origins of vaginal acidity: high d/l lactate ratio is consistent with bacteria being the primary source (2001)

Our results thus support the hypothesis that vaginal bacteria, not epithelial cells, are the primary source of lactic acid in the vagina.
A Unique Story in Neonatal Research: The Development of a Porcine Surfactant (2015)

Surfactant deficiency was identified as the cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) as long ago as 1959. Trials of surfactant replacement in the 1960s were unsuccessful because the preparations used contained only phospholipids and they were administered inefficiently by nebulization. In the 1970s Bengt Robertson and Göran Enhörning showed that natural surfactant, containing both phospholipids and proteins, could ameliorate the signs of RDS in immature rabbits. In the 1980s Bengt Robertson and Tore Curstedt developed a porcine surfactant, Curosurf (named after their surnames), which was effective in immature animals and was used in a pilot clinical trial beginning in 1983. Subsequent randomized clinical trials were planned a year later by Bengt Robertson, Tore Curstedt and Henry Halliday, and the first trial was begun in 1985. This showed that Curosurf reduced pulmonary air leaks and neonatal mortality in preterm infants with severe RDS. A second trial, coordinated by Christian Speer, demonstrated that multiple doses of Curosurf were more effective than a single dose. Subsequent trials conducted by the Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group, which included among others Guilio Bevilacqua, Janna Koppe, Ola Saugstad, Nils Svenningsen and Jean-Pierre Relier, showed that early treatment was more effective than later administration and that infants treated at birth had similar neurodevelopmental status to untreated controls at a corrected age of 2 years. Members of the Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group in Denmark and Sweden performed studies to demonstrate the benefits of a combination of surfactant treatment and early continuous positive airway pressure. Curosurf has also been compared with several synthetic and natural surfactants, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg Curosurf has been shown to be superior to either Survanta or Curosurf used at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Recently, new-generation synthetic surfactants containing both phospholipids and proteins have been developed. After preclinical testing, CHF5633 (developed by Tore Curstedt and Jan Johansson in collaboration with Chiesi Farmaceutici) has undergone a preliminary first study in humans under the guidance of Christian Speer. If effective, this new surfactant preparation could revolutionize the treatment of preterm infants worldwide as it could be made consistently and safely in almost unlimited quantities. This story of a porcine surfactant preparation has been truly remarkable, and many thousands of preterm babies worldwide are now alive and well because of it.
Noise in a CCD image sensor and the new low-noise read-out method. (1985)

固体撮像素子を放送用の高画質撮像素子として適用するために, 付加ノイズ発生要因・量共に少ないCCD型の低雑音化と今後の高画質化の可能性などについて種々の検討を行った.まず, ランダムノイズと固定パターンノイズ (FPN) を分離して定量的に測定することができる分析評価法を数した.次に, 新開発の積分型相関二重サンプリング法, および遅延差雑音除去法を用いた低雑音化信号読出し回路により, ランダムノイズを暗電流のショットノイズの程度まで低減できることを示し, ノイズ低減効果の解析結果との良い一致も得た.さらに, 暗電流とFPNの温度依存性の測定結果から, FPNの主因が暗電流の画素ごとのむらによることも確かめた.これらの結果, CCD型撮像素子の今後の低雑音化には, 信号電荷読出し部のアンプノイズと, 暗電流の低減化が重要であることを指摘した.
Contralateral but not systemic administration of the κ‐opioid agonist U‐50,488H induces anti‐nociception in acute hindpaw inflammation in rats (2001)

1. The anti-nociceptive effects of contralateral administration of kappa-opioid agonist U-50,488H were investigated in rats. 2. Inflammation was induced by unilateral injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hindpaw. Prior to carrageenan injection, U-50,488H or saline was administered into the left hindpaw. Withdrawal responses to mechanical and heat stimulation and oedema levels were evaluated at 3, 6 and 24 h post-carrageenan injection. 3. The results showed that the inflammatory effect of 1% carrageenan peaked after 6 h with bilateral decreases in withdrawal latencies and ipsilateral oedema formation. 4. Contralateral treatment with 0.01, 0.05, 0.3 and 2 mg of U-50,488H attenuated nociceptive reflexes to mechanical stimulation on the inflamed side at 6 h. The anti-nociceptive effect of contralateral treatment was dose-dependent at 3 and 24 h. The hindpaw withdrawal latencies to heat stimulation were prolonged at 3 and 24 h after contralateral treatment with 0.3 mg U-50,488H. No effect on inflammatory oedema formation was observed, except for a decrease at 3 h after treatment with 2 mg of U-50,488H. 5. Sciatic nerve denervation on the contralateral side abolished the anti-nociceptive effects of U-50,488H (0.3 and 2 mg). In contrast, contralateral injection of 1 mg morphine prolonged paw latencies in denervated rats. 6. Both co-administration of the peripherally selective opioid antagonist naloxone methiodide with 0.3 mg U-50,488H, and alternatively, systemic administration of 0.3 mg U-50,488H reversed the anti-nociceptive effects induced by contralateral injection of U-50,488H. 7. Taken together, our findings indicate that the contralateral administration of U-50,488H attenuates nociceptive behaviour resulting from acute inflammation. The effect is mediated via peripheral neuronal kappa-opioid receptors and, possibly, spinal cord mechanisms, suggesting a new treatment approach for acute inflammatory conditions.
Role for Gamma Interferon in Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Reactivation (1999)

Observation of chronic inflammatory cells and associated high-level gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in ganglia during herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) latent infection in mice (E. M. Cantin, D. R. Hinton, J. Chen, and H. Openshaw, J. Virol. 69:4898-4905, 1995) prompted studies to determine a role of IFN-gamma in maintaining latency. Mice lacking IFN-gamma (GKO mice) or the IFN-gamma receptor (RGKO mice) were inoculated with HSV-1, and the course of the infection was compared with that in IFN-gamma-competent mice with the same genetic background (129/Sv//Ev mice). A time course study showed no significant difference in trigeminal ganglionic viral titers or the timing of establishment of latency. Spontaneous reactivation resulting in infectious virus in the ganglion did not occur during latency in any of the mice. However, 24 h after the application of hyperthermic stress to mice, HSV-1 antigens were detected in multiple neurons in the null mutant mice but in only a single neuron in the 129/Sv//Ev control mice. Mononuclear inflammatory cells clustered tightly around these reactivating neurons, and by 48 h, immunostaining was present in satellite cells as well. The incidence of hyperthermia-induced reactivation as determined by recovery of infectious virus from ganglia was significantly higher in the null mutant than in control mice: 11% in 129/Sv//Ev controls, 50% in GKO mice (P = 0.0002), and 33% in RGKO mice (P = 0.03). We concluded that IFN-gamma is not involved in the induction of reactivation but rather contributes to rapid suppression of HSV once it is reactivated.
Carboxy-group modification: high-temperature activation of charge-neutralized and charge-reversed beta-glucosidases from Aspergillus niger. (1998)

Purified beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger NIAB280 was chemically modified by l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodi-imide (EDC) in the presence of glycinamide (GAM) as nucleophile under various conditions to study the role of carboxy groups in the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. beta-Glucosidase was inactivated by the binding of one mol of EDC per mol of the enzyme with a second-order rate constant of 4.77 x 10(-2) mM min-1. Glucose, as competitive inhibitor, partly protected the active-site carboxy group against chemical modification, with a Kd of 3.64 mM. The pH dependence of chemical modification by EDC showed that first-order rate constants decreased with increasing pH, indicating that the proton donating group is a carboxy group. The pKa values of the acidic and basic limbs of the native enzyme were 2.9 and 6.5 respectively. beta-Glucosidase was modified by EDC in the presence of GAM and ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (EDAM) as nucleophiles for 60 min. The effects of neutralization (GAM) and reversal (EDAM) of the negative charges of surface carboxy groups on the kinetic properties of the enzyme were also studied. Native beta-glucosidase, GAM and EDAM had Vmax/K(m) values of 0.73, 1.22 and 0.60 respectively at 40 degrees C. Interestingly, the activation energy profiles of native beta-glucosidase (103 and 79 kJ/mol) were biphasic, whereas those of GAM (137, 101 and 30 kJ/mol) and EDAM (285, 100 and 29 kJ/mol) were triphasic, indicating significant activation of modified beta-glucosidases at temperatures higher than 50 degrees C. The pKa values of both the active-site carboxy groups as well as the pH optima of GAM and EDAM were also significantly decreased compared with those of the native beta-glucosidase.
See & Spray: The Next Generation of Weed Control (2017)

Abstract. Precision agriculture has been steadily narrowing the focus of farm management—from region to field to individual plants. Each step has required technical breakthroughs and new products that add technology to farm machinery and, more importantly, profit to farm operations. Yield monitors, GPS-based autosteer, variable-rate application controllers, and electronic seed metering are becoming standard equipment, and that‘s just the beginning.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Is Activated by cAMP and Plays an Active Role in the Regulation of Melanogenesis (2002)

In human and mouse, cAMP plays a key role in the control of pigmentation. cAMP, through the activation of protein kinase A, increases the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which in turn stimulates tyrosinase gene expression, to allow melanin synthesis. Beyond this simplified scheme, cAMP inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and inhibition of PI3K, by a specific inhibitor, stimulates melanogenesis. However, the link between the PI3K pathway and melanogenesis remained to be elucidated. In this report, we showed that cAMP, through a protein kinase A-independent mechanism, led to inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and activity. Consistent with the role of AKT in the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), cAMP decreased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta and stimulated its activity. Further, experiments were performed to investigate the role of GSK3beta in the regulation of MITF expression and function. We observed that GSK3beta regulated neither MITF promoter activity nor the intrinsic transcriptional activity of MITF but synergized with MITF to activate the tyrosinase promoter. Additionally, lithium, a GSK3beta inhibitor, impaired the response of the tyrosinase promoter to cAMP, and cAMP increased the binding of MITF to the M-box. Taking into account that GSK3beta phosphorylates MITF and increases the ability of MITF to bind its target sequence, our results indicate that activation of GSK3beta by cAMP facilitates MITF binding to the tyrosinase promoter, thereby leading to stimulation of melanogenesis.
Different actions of neomychin and metronidazole on breath hydrogen (H2) exhalation. (1980)

Purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effect of antibiotics as a possible limiting factor for the evaluation of hydrogen (H2) breath analysis tests which depend on bacterial carbohydrate fermentation. Breath H2-excretion following ingestion of the non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose was monitored in healthy subjects before and after pretreatment with the aminoglycoside neomycin or with metronidazole. Metronidazole decreased the amount of hydrogen exhaled by 39 % (p<0.05) and peak H2-excretion by 42.1 % (p<0.01), because it suppresses anaerobe H2 producing microorganisms. Neomycin intensified nonsignificantly the integrated (0-6 hours) breath hydrogen response to lactulose (+43 %) and the maximal H2-concentration by 29.8 %, probably because it interferes with intestinal bacteria which are important for H2-consumption.
Image-based data interfaces revisited: Barcodes and watermarks for the mobile and digital worlds (2016)

The ubiquitous availability of image sensors in smartphones and other mobile computing devices makes feasible new applications for both barcodes that encode data as image patterns and watermarks that hide data in images. To support these new applications, a number of new methods have been developed for these long-standing image-based data communication interfaces, methods that are better suited for use with the image sensors. In this paper, we review these developments and the applications they enable, drawing upon examples from our own prior work in this area. We highlight key attributes that distinguish these image-based communications interfaces from other noncontact modes of communication and make their continued use an attractive option.
The mouse androgen receptor is suppressed by the 5'-untranslated region of the gene. (1994)

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the biological functions of androgens and is essential for normal growth and differentiation of urogenital organs as well as initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Withdrawal of androgens by castration or other methods has been shown to cause a marked, although often temporary, regression of many prostate cancers. In order to gain a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the AR, a series of truncation mutants derived from the 5'-region of the mouse AR (mAR) were inserted into the promoter-less plasmid pBLCAT3 and transiently expressed in the mouse alpha T3-1 and GT1-7 cell lines. The results of these experiments indicate the presence of a negative regulatory element in the 5'-untranslated region of the gene, which is able to reduce chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity by 77-89%. We have named this element the mAR suppressor (mARS). DNase-I protection assays of the 5'-untranslated region disclosed a protected domain. Gel mobility assays using the mARS revealed the presence of three protein-DNA complexes that could specifically bind to this protected domain. Insertion of the mARS into the thymidine kinase promoter containing pBLCAT2 vector resulted in a 2- to 10-fold decrease in CAT activity, but only if the insert was 3' to the start of transcription initiation. Finally, point mutations within the mARS were able to increase transcription of the AR promoter by 2.3-fold. The results of these experiments indicate that the mAR 5'-untranslated region contains a suppressor element.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microcalorimetric Characterization of Structural and Chemical Heterogeneity of Superacid SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>Systems (1997)

The population of coordinatively unsaturated (cus) Zr4+ ions acting as strong Lewis acid sites on superacid sulfated zirconia catalysts, as well as the relevant heats of adsorption, were measured by means of CO adsorption at 303 K. The presence of charge-withdrawing SO4 groups slightly enhances the electron-accepting ability of the residual free surface cations, not involved in sulfate/metal complexes. H2O adsorbed at 303 K by a stepwise procedure progressively eliminates the Lewis acidic sites, through a mechanism that suggests a competition in strongly binding H2O between cus Zr4+ cations and SO4 groups. Quantitative and energetic data are reported and correlated to IR spectroscopic and catalytic data previously reported on the same catalysts. A model for the catalytic active site is proposed, based on the assumption that a strict cooperation between Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites is likely to exist.
Separation of Phenol from Waste Water by the Liquid Membrane Technique (1974)

Abstract The removal of phenol and other weakly ionized acids and bases from waste water is described when using the liquid membrane emulsion technique. Mathematical relationships are derived for the theoretical distribution and for the rate of permeation of phenol into the emulsion.
40 years later .... a new engine to handle an operating system infrastructure (2004)

article 40 years later .... a new engine to handle an operating system infrastructure Share on Author: Jean-Louis Lafitte GATE lnformatic SA - Switzerland GATE lnformatic SA - SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 32Issue 4September 2004 pp 15–22https://doi.org/10.1145/1040136.1040138Online:01 September 2004Publication History 0citation12DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads12Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
A Viscoelastic Model for Use in Predicting Arterial Pulse Waves (1980)

In nonlinear mathematical models of the arterial circulation, the viscoelasticity of the vessel walls has generally been neglected or only taken into account in a highly approximate manner. A new method is proposed to simulate the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of the wall material with the aid of a convolution integral of the creep function and the pressure history. With this simulation it is possible to properly describe the measured characteristics of arterial viscoelasticity. Moreover, it is utilized in a mathematical model of arterial pulse propagation to study the influence of the internal wall friction on the shape, amplitude and mean value of pressure and flow pulses. The corresponding predictions are in much better agreement with in-vivo measurements, especially for the distal part of the circulation, than those obtained without viscoelasticity.