gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous blockade of brain glucocorticoid receptors facilitates spatial learning and memory in rats (1998)

Previously, a corticosterone surge associated with a learning task was shown to facilitate cognitive processes through brain glucocorticoid receptors (GR) while chronic overexposure to this stress hormone impaired cognition. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that opposing effects on learning and memory might also occur after either phasic or continuous blockade of brain GR by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the GR antagonist RU38486 (aGR). We used a Morris water maze procedure to assess spatial learning and memory abilities in male Wistar rats. The effect of phasic brain GR blockade was studied following daily pretraining administration of 10 and 100 ng/microL aGR i.c.v. on 3 consecutive days. This repetitive aGR treatment impaired spatial learning and memory dose-dependently in comparison with vehicle controls. For continuous brain GR blockade, animals received an i.c.v., infusion of aGR (10 and 100 ng/0.5 microL per h or vehicle) over 10 days. Infusion of 100 ng aGR per hour resulted in a long-lasting facilitation of spatial performance. The 10 ng aGR infusion also caused initially a facilitating effect, which was, however, transient and performance became impaired during retest. Possible anxiolytic properties of the drugs were excluded in view of the animals' behaviour in the elevated plus maze. Both doses of aGR infusion reduced the number of mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, but only the high dose of aGR resulted in a significant reduction of available GR sites. In conclusion, continuous administration of GR antagonist improves cognitive function, while phasic blockade of brain GR function causes a cognitive deficit.
Use of wavelet entropy to compare the EEG background activity of epileptic patients and control subjects (2003)

In this study, we processed the EEG background activities of five epileptic patients by means of the wavelet packet transform (WPT), and compared them with the EEGs of five control subjects. The WPT provides a fast way of choosing the best out of a large number of time-frequency bases according to features of the signal to be analysed. From the wavelet packet coefficients, we calculated an information cost function (ICF), which evaluates the information associated with the energy distribution of the signal: the wavelet entropy. Results suggested that the entropy or degree of disorder in the energy distribution of control subjects' EEG was higher. Applying the ANOVA test, we verified that there was a significant difference (p-ANOV A<0.01 ) between EEG frames of both groups.
Potent regulation of microglia‐derived oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron survival: substance P vs. dynorphin (2006)

Unregulated microglial activation has been implicated as a pivotal factor contributing to Parkinson's disease. Using mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures, we address the novel possibility that peptides endogenous to the substantia nigra (SN), substance P and dynorphin (10(-13)-10(-14) M), are opposing mediators of microglial activation and consequent DA neurotoxicity. Here, we identify that substance P (10(-13)-10(-14) M) is selectively toxic to DA neurons in a microglia-dependent manner. Mechanistically, substance P (10(-13)-10(-14) M) activated microglial NADPH oxidase to produce extracellular superoxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Neuron-glia cultures from mice lacking a functional NADPH oxidase complex (PHOX-/-) were insensitive to substance P (10(-13)-10(-14) M) -induced loss of DA neuron function. Mixed glia cultures from (PHOX-/-) mice failed to show a significant increase in intracellular ROS in response to substance P compared with control cultures (PHOX+/+). Further, dynorphin (10(-14) M) inhibited substance P (10(-13) M) -induced loss of [3H] DA uptake. Here we demonstrate a tightly regulated mechanism governing microglia-derived oxidative stress, where the neuropeptide balance of dynorphin and substance P is critical to DA neuron survival.
Fabrication of SAW devices with small package size using through substrate via technology (2009)

In order to realize SAW devices with smallest package size and investigate possibility of three dimension packaging of SAW devices, we propose the novel packaging method of SAW devices, in which two same SAW devices with half size of overlap length of the original device are bonded in face to face structure and two same SAW devices are electrically connected in parallel by through substrate via technology. We investigated processes conditions of the through substrate via electrode for piezoelectric substrate. We also investigated effect of some parameters such as through substrate via electrode material, bonding conditions. We fabricated test devices using Quartz substrate. Experimental results indicated that there is no change in the frequency characteristics between half size devices bonded and original devices.
Design strategies for dual‐band Class‐E power amplifier using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines (2007)

Abstract In this article we propose a technique for dual‐band Class‐E power amplifier design using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines, CRLH TLs. Design equations are presented and design procedures are elaborated. Because of the nonlinear phase dispersion characteristic of CRLH TLs, the single previous attempt at applying this method to dual band Class‐E amplifier design was not sufficient to simultaneously satisfy the minimum requirement of Class‐E impedances at both the fundamental and the second harmonic frequencies. This article rectifies this situation. A design example illustrating the synthesis procedure for a 0.5W‐5V dual band Class‐E amplifier circuit simultaneously operated at 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz is given and compared with ADS simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2784–2788, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22836
Sequencing peptides without scanning the reflectron: Post‐source decay with a curved‐field reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (1995)

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been developed using a reflectron in which the voltages placed on the lens elements correspond to a function describing the arc of a circle. This curved-field reflectron enables acquisition of focused product-ion mass spectra at a single reflectron voltage. In this paper, we present results from this instrument for the amino acid sequencing of several peptides and describe the method of mass calibration.
A Method for Estimating Rigid Object Motion Using Regularized Scene Flow. (2007)

In this paper, we propose a method for estimating ob-ject motion by three-dimensional scene flow using multiple cameras. The scene flow is regularized by applying sub-space constraints and then object motion is estimated us-ing RANSAC estimation. Regularizing the scene flow us-ing subspace constraints results in highly accurate scene flow because it eliminates the effect of noise caused by com-puting of optical flow. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that this method can be used to accurately es-timate scene flow and object motion parameters for trans-lation and rotation. 1
Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Tungsten Diselenide Alloys: Photoluminescence, Raman Scattering, and Electrical Transport (2014)

Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide alloys have attracted intense attention due to their tunable band gaps. In the present work, photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and electrical transport properties of monolayer and few-layer molybdenum tungsten diselenide alloys (Mo1-xWxSe2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are systematically investigated. The strong photoluminescence emissions from Mo1-xWxSe2 monolayers indicate composition-tunable direct band gaps (from 1.56 to 1.65 eV), while weak and broad emissions from the bilayers indicate indirect band gaps. The first-order Raman modes are assigned by polarized Raman spectroscopy. Second-order Raman modes are assigned according to its frequencies. As composition changes in Mo1-xWxSe2 monolayers and few layers, the out-of-plane A1g mode showed one-mode behavior, while B2g(1) (only observed in few layers), in-plane E2g(1), and all observed second-order Raman modes showed two-mode behaviors. Electrical transport measurement revealed n-type semiconducting transport behavior with a high on/off ratio (>10(5)) for Mo1-xWxSe2 monolayers.
Decision Making Under Uncertainty (2015)

An introduction to decision making under uncertainty from a computational perspective, covering both theory and applications ranging from speech recognition to airborne collision avoidance. Many important problems involve decision making under uncertainty—that is, choosing actions based on often imperfect observations, with unknown outcomes. Designers of automated decision support systems must take into account the various sources of uncertainty while balancing the multiple objectives of the system. This book provides an introduction to the challenges of decision making under uncertainty from a computational perspective. It presents both the theory behind decision making models and algorithms and a collection of example applications that range from speech recognition to aircraft collision avoidance. Focusing on two methods for designing decision agents, planning and reinforcement learning, the book covers probabilistic models, introducing Bayesian networks as a graphical model that captures probabilistic relationships between variables; utility theory as a framework for understanding optimal decision making under uncertainty; Markov decision processes as a method for modeling sequential problems; model uncertainty; state uncertainty; and cooperative decision making involving multiple interacting agents. A series of applications shows how the theoretical concepts can be applied to systems for attribute-based person search, speech applications, collision avoidance, and unmanned aircraft persistent surveillance. Decision Making Under Uncertainty unifies research from different communities using consistent notation, and is accessible to students and researchers across engineering disciplines who have some prior exposure to probability theory and calculus. It can be used as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fields including computer science, aerospace and electrical engineering, and management science. It will also be a valuable professional reference for researchers in a variety of disciplines.
Vasovasostomy: Macroscopic approach and retrospective review. (1999)

The objective of this study was to review our 5-year experience with macroscopic vasovasostomy. A series of 160 consecutive patients who underwent macroscopic vasovasostomies between 1991 and 1996 at Madigan Army Medical Center were studied. A modified one-layer anastomotic technique using 7-0 or 8-0 Prolene sutures was utilized. Results showed that 87% of patients who underwent bilateral vasectomy reversal showed return of sperm to the ejaculate with a mean progressive sperm motility of 32.2%. Clinical success was measured by successful pregnancies in 50% of patients in whom <5 years had elapsed since vasectomy. The average operative time was 1 hour 15 minutes. Although slightly better results have been obtained using the microscopic approach, vasovasostomy performed under loupe magnification has the advantage of reduced cost, decreased operative time, and a lower operator skill level.
Synthesis of Ligand-Stabilized Silicon Nanocrystals with Size-Dependent Photoluminescence Spanning Visible to Near-Infrared Wavelengths (2011)

We report a chemical route to colloidal silicon (Si) nanocrystals, or quantum dots, with widely tunable average diameter, from less than 3 nm up to 90 nm and peak photoluminescence (PL) from visible wavelengths to the bulk band gap of Si at 1100 nm. The synthesis relies on the high temperature (>1100 °C) decomposition of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) to obtain Si quantum dots with good crystallinity and a narrow size distribution with tunable size embedded in SiO2. The oxide matrix is removed by hydrofluoric acid etching in the dark. Subsequent thermal hydrosilylation with alkenes yields free, solvent-dispersible Si nanocrystals with bright PL. The relationship between PL energy and size, exhaustively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), is reported.
농업 6차산업 활성화를 위한 농산물 상품포장디자인 전략연구 -한국과 일본의 포장디자인을 중심으로- (2016)

최근 농촌 인구의 감소 및 고령화현상, 도농소득격차의 심화로 농촌의 부정적 상황이 지속되고 있으며 농업부가가치 및 농가 소득이 정체되는 것을 타파하기 위해 농업 6차산업에 대한 필요성을 느끼게 되었다. 농업 6차산업의 활성화를 추진하고 이에 대한 발전전략 연구를 위해서 농업 6차 산업의 개념과 의미를 정의하고 농촌의 현실을 객관적으로 판단하기 위한 농촌산업의 동향을 살펴보았다. 특히, 일본의 성공적인 6차 산업의 현황과 포장디자인의 사례를 분석한 후 농촌산업의 활성화를 위한 6차산업 발전 전략을 제안하고자 한다. 농업 6차산업의 기대효과는 농업의 고부가가치화, 농가소득 증대, 농촌경제 활성화를 위한 6차산업화와 농촌산업화 전략이다. 이를 위해 체계적인 방안을 모색하여 농산물 생산뿐만 아니라 가공, 제조, 체험, 관광, 숙박, 농가레스토랑, 판매 등 모든 분야가 융.복합적으로 발전할 수 있는 연구를 지속적으로 진행하고자 한다. 특히 상품판매를 위한 포장디자인은 농산물 소비량 증대와 농촌경제를 성장시키는 중요한 역할을 하므로 이에 대한 전략 방안을 제시하였다.
Effects of hypergravity on adherent human cells. (1991)

In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that microgravity or hypergravity may affect cell growth and differentiation. Since it is not easy to carry out researches in space or to simulate weightlessness on earth, we conducted experiments on simulated hypergravity (2 to 15 g) by using a centrifuge (radius: 80 cm; speed motor: 180 rpm). We looked for the effects of chronic hypergravity (7 to 10 days) on cultures of three human cell lines: lung or dermic fibroblasts and lung adenocarcinoma A 549 cells. The results showed a significant decrease (10-20%, P<0.05) in cell proliferation connected to a significant decrease (20-50%, P<0.01) in culture DNA content under hypergravity, but only for lung fibroblasts. The protein content was never disturbed. Dermic fibroblast elastase activity was enhanced (8-13%, P<0.02) under 15 g. Total phospholipid content as well as relative amounts of phospholipid components, analysed by thin layer chromatography, were unchanged in A 549 cells.
Platelet function following trauma (2011)

Summary Platelets play a central role in coagulation. Currently, information on platelet function following trauma is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) at the AUVA Trauma Centre, Salzburg, after sustaining traumatic injury. Immediately after admission to the ER, blood was drawn for blood cell counts, standard coagulation tests, and platelet function testing. Platelet function was assessed by multiplate electrode aggregometry (MEA) using adenosine diphosphate (ADPtest), collagen (COLtest) and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAPtest) as activators. The thromboelastometric platelet component, measuring the contribution of platelets to the elasticity of the whole-blood clot, was assessed using the ROTEM® device. The study included 163 patients, 79.7% were male, and the median age was 43 years. The median injury severity score was 18. Twenty patients (12.3%) died. Median platelet count was significantly lower among non-survivors than survivors (181,000/μl vs. 212,000/μl; p=0.01). Although platelet function defects were relatively minor, significant differences between survivors and non-survivors were observed in the ADPtest (94 vs. 79 U; p=0.0019), TRAPtest (136 vs. 115 U; p<0.0001), and platelet component (134 vs.103 MCEEXTEM – MCEFIBTEM; p=0.0012). Aggregometry values below the normal range for ADPtest and TRAPtest were significantly more frequent in non-survivors than in survivors (p=0.0017 and p=0.0002, respectively). Minor decreases in platelet function upon admission to the ER were a sign of coagulopathy accompanying increased mortality in patients with trauma. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results and investigate the role of platelet function in trauma haemostatic management. Note: This work was carried out at the AUVA Trauma Centre, Salzburg, Austria.
Transgenic mice as an alternative to monkeys for neurovirulence testing of live oral poliovirus vaccine: validation by a WHO collaborative study. (2003)

Based on data from the collaborative studies the WHO Expert Committee for Biological Standardization approved the mouse NVT as an alternative to the monkey test for all three OPV types and defined a standard implementation process for laboratories that wish to use the test. This represents the first successful introduction of transgenic animals into control of biologicals.
Potential Uses of MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy (2009)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the world. Although the molecular network of lung carcinogenesis has been partly known at the levels of genes and proteins, and personalized therapy based on the genetic changes has made considerable progress in the last decade, the high mortality rate is not markedly changed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short endogenous RNAs, acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, are similar with siRNAs in both the biosynthesis and the function steps. While, miRNAs mostly silence gene expression by binding imperfectly matched sequences in the 3' UTR of target mRNA, which is different with siRNAs by targeting ORF of mRNA with a perfectly complementary manner. miRNAs have multiple functions in lung development, and abnormal expression of miRNAs could lead to lung tumorigenesis. The different expression profiles of miRNAs in lung cancer, and the stability of miRNAs in serum, all together make them as new potentially clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, miRNAs may serve as either novel potential targets acting directly as oncogenes (e.g. miR-17-92 cluster) or directly therapeutic molecules working as tumor suppressor genes (e.g. let-7 family). RNAi technology based on miRNAs has many advantages over siRNAs, such as in vivo stability, highly RNA promoter-compatibility and no overt toxicity. Eventually, it might overcome the present disadvantages and become a good candidate for lung cancer therapy.
An automatic signal detection algorithm for the digital volume pulse (2010)

Many previous studies suggested that the digital volume pulse (DVP) can be used to estimate arterial stiffness. The DVP waveform can be rapidly acquired by measuring reflection or absorption of red light (or infrared light) across the photoplehtysmography (PPG). Because of the nature of its measuring principle, the DVP is often contaminated by noise from light sources, such as sunlight, and disturbances due to movement of the recording electrodes. This phenomenon makes us hard to extract pulse features and thus provides incorrect clinical information. In order to screen out this problem, we have developed the automatic signal detection algorithm for the DVP and have evaluated its performance. In the performance evaluation, we have obtained the false negative rate (FNR) of 0.33% and the predictive accuracy rate (PAR) of 97.19%. From the results, we conclude that our proposed signal detection algorithm can be used as a preprocessor before the extraction of pulse features with reasonable performance.
Estimation of Amylose Content of Starches after Precipitation of Amylopectin by Concanavalin‐A (1990)

Abstract The estimation of the amylose content of starches has been studied by precipitating the amylopectin with concanavalin‐A and then, after denaturing the remaining concanvalin‐A by heat, determining the unprecipitated glucan in the supernatant by (a) hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase: α‐amylase followed by glucose oxidase‐peroxidase reagent, (b) colorimetrically with phenol‐sulphuric acid or (c) by colour with iodine.
The effect of Chinese tea on the occurrence of esophageal tumors induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine formed in vivo. (1990)

Five groups of rats (22 per group) were intubated with precursors of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA), i.e., methylbenzylamine (1 mmol/kg body wt) and sodium nitrite (0.5 mmol/kg body wt), and with five different varieties of Chinese tea twice a week. One positive control group was intubated with precursors of NMBzA without tea, and a negative control group was given tap water and sodium nitrite only. After 12 weeks of treatment, significantly fewer lesions and papillomas in the esophageal mucosa were found in the tea-treated group than in the positive control group. The results confirmed the anticarcinogenic effects of Chinese tea in rats by blocking the in vivo formation of NMBzA.
Detectors for scanning video imagers (1993)

Detectors for scanning video (10-MHz) imagers should be chosen for their high quantum efficiency and internal gain. Because of the high bandwidth both photomultiplier tubes and avalanche photodiodes are limited by photon noise, so that dark noise is not the determining quantity.
Suppression of near- and far-end crosstalk by linear pre- and post-filtering (1992)

Full-duplex data communication over a multi-input/multi-output linear time-invariant channel is considered. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear equalizer is derived in the presence of both near- and far-end crosstalk and independent additive noise. The MMSE equalizer is completely specified in terms of the channel and crosstalk transfer functions by using a generalization of previous work due to Salz (1985). Conditions are given under which the equalizer can completely eliminate both near- and far-end crosstalk and intersymbol interference. The MMSE transmitter filter, subject to a transmitted power constraint, is specified when the channel and crosstalk transfer functions are bandlimited to the Nyquist frequency. Also considered is the design of MMSE transmitter and receiver filters when the data signals are arbitrary wide-sense stationary continuous or discrete-time signals, corresponding to the situation where the crosstalk is not phase-synchronous with the desired signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated Indirect Immunofluorescence Evaluation of Antinuclear Autoantibodies on HEp-2 Cells (2012)

Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on human epithelial (HEp-2) cells is considered as the gold standard screening method for the detection of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA). However, in terms of automation and standardization, it has not been able to keep pace with most other analytical techniques used in diagnostic laboratories. Although there are already some automation solutions for IIF incubation in the market, the automation of result evaluation is still in its infancy. Therefore, the EUROPattern Suite has been developed as a comprehensive automated processing and interpretation system for standardized and efficient ANA detection by HEp-2 cell-based IIF. In this study, the automated pattern recognition was compared to conventional visual interpretation in a total of 351 sera. In the discrimination of positive from negative samples, concordant results between visual and automated evaluation were obtained for 349 sera (99.4%, kappa = 0.984). The system missed out none of the 272 antibody-positive samples and identified 77 out of 79 visually negative samples (analytical sensitivity/specificity: 100%/97.5%). Moreover, 94.0% of all main antibody patterns were recognized correctly by the software. Owing to its performance characteristics, EUROPattern enables fast, objective, and economic IIF ANA analysis and has the potential to reduce intra- and interlaboratory variability.
A really temporal logic (1994)

We introduce a temporal logic for the specification of real-time systems. Our logic, TPTL, employs a novel quantifier construct for referencing time: the freeze quantifier binds a variable to the time of the local temporal context. TPTL is both a natural language for specification and a suitable formalism for verification. We present a tableau-based decision procedure and a model-checking algorithm for TPTL. Several generalizations of TPTL are shown to be highly undecidable.