gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium(II)-Promoted Cyclization Reaction of 4-Hydroxybutyronitrile to 2-Iminotetrahydrofuran. X-ray Structure of <i>cis</i>-[PdCl<sub>2</sub>{N(H)CCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O}- (PPh<sub>3</sub>)]<b>·</b><sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (1996)

Reaction of 3-bromo-1-propanol with Et4N(CN) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gives in high yield 4-hydroxybutyronitrile, HO(CH2)3CN (1), which upon reaction with Na2PdCl4 affords [PdCl2{N(H)CCH2CH2CH2O}2] (2), containing two 2-iminotetrahydrofuran ligands derived from intramolecular cyclization of 1. Substitution of one imino ligand for an entering nucleophile L leads to the complexes [PdCl2{N(H)CCH2CH2CH2O}(L)] (L = PPh3 (3), py (4), DMF (5)) . Similarly, the reaction of 2 with 1 equiv of cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2 results in the displacement of the two iminolactone ligands and formation of [PdCl2(Ph2PCHCHPPh2)]. The ligand 1 and the complexes 2−5 were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. IR data suggest that 2 and 3 are present as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, while 4 and 5 have a trans stereochemistry. Complex 3 gave crystals of the cis form, as evidenced by an X-ray structural determination.
Subspace Classifiers in Recognition of Handwritten Digits (1997)

This thesis consists of two parts. The first part reviews the general structure of a pattern recognition system and, in particular, various statistical and neural classification algorithms. The presentation then focuses on subspace classification methods that form a family of semiparametric methods. Several improvements on the traditional subspace classification rule are presented. Most importantly, two new classification techniques, here named the Local Subspace Classifier (LSC) and the Convex Local Subspace Classifier (LSC+), are introduced. These new methods connect the subspace principle to the family of nonparametric prototype-based classifiers and, thus, seek to combine the benefits of both approaches.\n\nThe second part addresses the recognition of handwritten digits, which is the case study of this thesis. Special attention is given to feature extraction methods in optical character recognition systems. As a novel contribution, a new method, here named the error-corrective feature extraction, is presented. The prototype recognition system developed for the experiments is described and various options in the implementation are discussed.\n\nFor the background of the experiments, thirteen well-known statistical and neural classification algorithms were tested. The results obtained with two traditional subspace methods and ten novel techniques presented in this thesis are compared with them. The results show that the Convex Local Subspace Classifier performs better than any other classification algorithm in the comparison.\n\nThe conclusions of this thesis state that the suggested enhancements make the subspace methods very useful for tasks like the recognition of handwritten digits. This result is expected to be applicable in other similar cases of recognizing two-dimensional isolated visual objects.
Interference-Aware Channel Assignment in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks (2006)

The capacity problem in wireless mesh networks can be alleviated by equipping the mesh routers with multiple radios tuned to non-overlapping channels. However, channel assignment presents a challenge because co-located wireless networks are likely to be tuned to the same channels. The resulting increase in interference can adversely affect performance. This paper presents an interference-aware channel assignment algorithm and protocol for multi-radio wireless mesh networks that address this interference problem. The proposed solution intelligently assigns channels to radios to minimize interference within the mesh network and between the mesh network and co-located wireless networks. It utilizes a novel interference estimation technique implemented at each mesh router. An extension to the conflict graph model, the multi-radio conflict graph, is used to model the interference between the routers. We demonstrate our solution’s practicality through the evaluation of a prototype implementation in a IEEE 802.11 testbed. We also report on an extensive evaluation via simulations. In a sample multi-radio scenario, our solution yields performance gains in excess of 40% compared to a static assignment of channels.
High sensitivity accelerometers for high performance seismic attenuators (2000)

We present concepts and features of a new horizontal accelerometer whose mechanical design and machining process aim to improve the sensitivity in the frequency region between 10 mHz and 1 Hz. The expected sensitivity, less than 10−11 m/s2/Hz around 100 mHz, is a couple of orders of magnitude below the state of art limits. This accelerometer could be integrated in the active control of the LIGO II mirror seismic isolators.
Single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses generated in days using infectious subgenomic amplicons (2014)

Reverse genetics is a key methodology for producing genetically modified RNA viruses and deciphering cellular and viral biological properties, but methods based on the preparation of plasmid-based complete viral genomes are laborious and unpredictable. Here, both wild-type and genetically modified infectious RNA viruses were generated in days using the newly described ISA (infectious-subgenomic-amplicons) method. This new versatile and simple procedure may enhance our capacity to obtain infectious RNA viruses from PCR-amplified genetic material.
CZWeb: Fish-Eye Views for Visualizing the World-Wide Web. (1997)

This paper describes a preliminary experiment using CZWeb, a Continuous Zoombased Web navigation aid, to explore this question
Solicitors' Common Law Liability: The Duty to Give Advice beyond the Scope of the Express Retainer in Transactional Cases and the Application of the 'Loss of Chance' Approach to Breach of the Duty (2008)

The duties of law professionals in counselling their clients are highlighted. This is particularly relevant and important to assess the commercial experience of the client and offer legal advice beyond the scope of the retainer.
A simple trajectory guidance device that assists freehand and interactive image guided biopsy of small deep intracranial targets (1997)

Frameless image guided stereotactic systems are rapidly becoming incorporated into routine neurosurgical practice. In our unit, the Elekta Viewing Wand has been applied to a comprehensive range of neurosurgical procedures, including pituitary, posterior fossa, skull base, atlantoaxial, and epilepsy surgery. The system allows a minimally invasive surgical exposure and provides instant and continual navigational information during surgery. Subjective studies have shown this intraoperative information to facilitate the surgeon's perception of anatomic relations and identification of structures, thus improving surgical safety. Furthermore, in comparison to traditional stereotactic frames, the frameless system has been reported to reduce operative time. The technology involves the use of a localizing mechanical arm to which a pointer or biopsy probe is attached. This localizing arm is hand-held and is therefore only as steady as the surgeon's hand. This precludes the use of the Viewing Wand for functional procedures and for the safe biopsy of small, deep-seated intracranial lesions. Both types of procedures are very dependent on a steady linear approach to the target for a successful outcome. We have designed a simple guidance device that eliminates the risk of unwanted drift or angular movements of the probe as it is advanced toward the target. When used with the Viewing Wand, this device guides the wand biopsy probe along a predetermined, fixed linear trajectory to the intracranial target. We report the successful use of the fixed trajectory guidance device (FTGD) with the Elekta Viewing Wand in a series of 12 patients.
Acetalated Dextran Microparticulate Vaccine Formulated via Coaxial Electrospray Preserves Toxin Neutralization and Enhances Murine Survival Following Inhalational <i>Bacillus Anthracis</i> Exposure (2016)

Subunit formulations are regarded as the safest type of vaccine, but they often contain a protein-based antigen that can result in significant challenges, such as preserving antigenicity during formulation and administration. Many studies have demonstrated that encapsulation of protein antigens in polymeric microparticles (MPs) via emulsion techniques results in total IgG antibody titers comparable to alum formulations, however, the antibodies themselves are non-neutralizing. To address this issue, a coaxial electrohydrodynamic spraying (electrospray) technique is used to formulate a microparticulate-based subunit anthrax vaccine under conditions that minimize recombinant protective antigen (rPA) exposure to harsh solvents and high shear stress. rPA and the adjuvant resiquimod are encapsulated either in separate or the same acetalated dextran MPs. Using a murine model, the electrospray formulations lead to higher IgG2a subtype titers as well as comparable total IgG antibody titers and toxin neutralization relative to the FDA-approved vaccine (BioThrax). BioThrax provides no protection against a lethal inhalational challenge of the highly virulent Ames Bacillus anthracis anthrax strain, whereas 50% of the mice vaccinated with separately encapsulated electrospray MPs survive. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential use of electrospray for encapsulating protein antigens in polymeric MPs.
Multimedia information systems: the confluence of multiple technologies (1992)

Multimedia information systems are the product of the synergism of many different fields. In particular, they sit at the confluence of the two distinct technologies of databases and multimedia processing. The authors attempt to show that, although a number of existing systems utilize these two technologies in some way, a true integration will result in many more interesting and innovative products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power-Aware Register Renaming in High-Performance Processors Power-Aware Register Renaming in High-Performance Processors (2005)

This work presents an efficient multi-banked architecture of the register file, and a low-power compiler support which reduces energy consumption in this device by more than a 78%. The key idea of this work is based on a quasi-deterministic interpretation of the register assignment task, and the use of the voltage scaling techniques.
Groundwater and Wells (1986)

Pub. Date: December 1986 Publisher: Johnson Screens They are commonly present to an aquifer still there? This textbook and wells at the main component of a segmented steel. The population of water well and a is repeatedly dropped. From a well shovel, to complete battery of groundwater exploration. The well and other drilling methods column slowly decreases may. Most drills will drive point and design originated by johnson filtration of groundwater.
Wavelength and Atrial Vulnerability: an Endocavitary Approach in Humans (1998)

If atrial vulnerability parameters are well defined, wavelength (WL) measurement (conduction velocity x refractory period), has never been assessed through an endocavitary electrophysiological exam. We investigated 30 patients (14 female, mean age 63.4 +/- 13 y.o.), 10 with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF group), 10 with ischemic cerebral injury (ICI group) by comparison with 10 controls (C group). The upper to lower right atrium conduction time and velocity were measured in the right atrium with a decapolar electrode catheter applied along the free wall. Others parameters correlated to atrial excitability were also taken into account: effective (ERP) and functional refractory periods (FRP); spontaneous or paced atrial electrogram (A1) or extrastimulated atrial electrogram (A2) widths, ERP/A2 ratio, provocative atrial testing. Measurements were taken in sinus rhythm and in 600-460 ms paced cycle lengths. If ERP, FRP, A1 widths are the same in the 3 groups, PAF and ICI groups have a significant increased conduction time and lower conduction velocity, leading to a shorter A1 WL during 600 and 460 ms paced rhythms (p < 0.05) and A2 WL during 460 ms paced rhythm. The provocative testing was positive in 60% of PAF and ICI groups, and there is a significant correlation between arrhythmia induction and 600 ms A1 WL or 460 ms A2 WL. This electrophysiological study suggests the possibility of an approach in humans of wavelength concept and proves the presence of correlation between a short wavelength and atrial spontaneous or induced arrhythmias. A no-arrhythmia band (A1 WL > 17 cm during 600 ms paced rhythm, A1 WL > 16 cm or A2 WL > 12 cm during 460 ms paced rhythm) and a fibrillation-band (A1 WL < 12 cm during 600 and 460 ms pacing, A2 WL < 7 cm during 460 ms pacing) can be defined. Therefore, the ICI group has the same atrial pattern as the AF group.
Development of a thin-film battery powered hazard card and other microelectronic devices. CRADA final report (1997)

No abstract available.
Integrated network coding and caching in information-centric networks (2014)

Information-Centric Networks (ICNs) replace IP addresses with content names at the thin waist of the Internet hourglass, thereby enabling pervasive router-level caching at the network layer. In this paper, we revisit pervasive content caching and propose an algorithm for cache replacement at ICN routers by incorporating principles from network coding, a technique used to achieve maximum flow rates in multicast. By introducing a low computational cost in the system, Network Coded Caching better utilizes the available small storage space at the routers to cache more effectively in the network. Results of our experiments on the GENI testbed demonstrating the performance of our algorithm on a real network are included in the paper. Working with the Named Data Networking implementation of ICN, we also present the additional headers and logical components that are needed to enable Network Coded Caching. In a nutshell, we show that an integrated coding-and-caching strategy can provide significant gains in throughput for a small computational overhead.
Darstellung von Carbonsäureestern mittels <i>O</i>‐Alkyl‐<i>N.N</i>′‐dicyclohexyl‐isoharnstoffen (1967)

Abstract O ‐Alkyl‐ N.N ′‐dicyclohexyl‐isoharnstoffe reagieren mit Carbonsäuren zu Carbonsäureestern. Bei Phenolcarbonsäuren kann neben der Veresterung auch eine Alkylierung der phenolischen OH‐Gruppe eintreten. Ungeschützte Alkohol‐ und Aminogruppen stören den Reaktionsablauf nicht.
Wavelet transform for analyzing fog visibility (1998)

The authors present a new technique for estimating the distance of visibility in fog conditions. Based on a psychovisual model and on contrast estimation with wavelet transform, their technique fared well when compared to a direct approach based on local contrast calculation.
<title>Interpolating R-Values From Thermograms</title> (1982)

We have developed a method for measuring R-values for large areas of building envelopes with thermography and contact sensors. The technique entails locating thermal extremes on a building surface with thermography. Contact sensors determine the R-values at these locations. A thermographic map provides the basis from which to interpolate R-values for all other locations within the area surveyed. This paper explains the interpolation technique we employed and demonstrates some of the difficulties of the method. Further experience will define the limitations of the technique more fully.
The significance of the shape of the lens and capsular energy changes in accommodation (1969)

1. A method for the estimation of the energy released by the anterior part of the lens capsule during accommodation is described. This includes(i) A determination of the pressure required to distend the capsule by a standard volume.(ii) The calculation from the photographed lens profiles of the degree of capsular contraction which occurs when the lens changes from the unaccommodated to the accommodated form.(iii) Capsular volume changes in vitro are then related to the surface area changes calculated for the lens in vivo.2. A correlation exists between the stored capsular energy per unit area or surface tension and the accommodation power of different species. The human lens capsule releases 1170 ergs/cm(2) while the more spherical lenses of the cat and rabbit release 520 and 485 ergs/cm(2) respectively for a 10% change in lens diameter. The amount of energy which can be stored depends on the degree of flatness of the lens and the volume of the anterior segment. The flatter the lens and the smaller the volume of the anterior segment, the greater the capsular surface tension.3. The anterior surface of the human lens remains ellipsoidal throughout life. The changes of accommodation which occur in presbyopia may therefore be related to the lens profiles at various ages. It is found that a coefficient obtained by dividing the anterior volume of the lens by the 5th power of the equatorial radius of the lens modifies the degree of accommodation for a given change of lens diameter.4. The loss of accommodation is proportional to the effective capsular surface energy until about the age of 45. The effective capsular surface energy can be defined as the energy which gives the same change in lens dioptric power per erg regardless of the lenticular profile changes which occur with age. It is obtained by multiplying capsular surface tension at a given age by a ratio. This is obtained by dividing the profile coefficient mentioned in paragraph 3 of the given lens, by the profile coefficient of the reference lens aged 15 (0.068). The effective surface energy of the entire lens falls from 110 ergs at the age of 15 to 50 ergs at 60. Assuming that ciliary power remains unaltered 55% of the loss of accommodation is accounted for solely by the fall in Young's Modulus of elasticity of the capsule and the changing shape of the lens with age.
A New and Concise Synthesis of 3-Aryl- and 3-Alkyl-1<i>H</i>-2-benzothiopyran-1-ones (Thioisocoumarins) (1990)

3-Aryl- and 3-alkyl-1H-2-benzothiopyran-1-ones are readily accessible by reaction of the lithiated N,N-diethyl-o-toluamide (N,N-diethyl-2-methylbenzenecarboxamide) with appropriate aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic thioesters.
A Camptothecin-resistant DNA Topoisomerase I Mutant Exhibits Altered Sensitivities to Other DNA Topoisomerase Poisons (1995)

The cytotoxic plant alkaloid camptothecin promotes DNA topoisomerase I-linked nicks in DNA by stabilizing a covalently bound enzyme-DNA complex. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, substitution of Arg and Ala for the amino acid residues immediately N-terminal to the active site tyrosine in the yeast and human DNA topoisomerase I mutants, top1 vac, results in camptothecin resistance. To examine the mechanism of drug resistance, we assessed the sensitivity of these enzymes to several classes of DNA topoisomerase poisons. Yeast cells expressing the camptothecin-resistant top1 vac mutants were resistant to all of the camptothecin derivatives cytotoxic to wild-type TOP1-expressing cells. This correlated with a significant reduction in drug-induced DNA cleavage in vitro. However, the yeast and human mutant enzymes differed in their responses to the minor groove binding ligand netropsin and to saintopin, a DNA intercalator that targets both DNA topoisomerase I and II. The yeast mutant enzyme demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to the action of saintopin but was resistant to the inhibitory effects of netropsin. In contrast, the human Top1 vac enzyme was resistant to saintopin and indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme in its response to the netropsin. These results are discussed in terms of enzyme function and the different modes of action of these DNA topoisomerase poisons.
Systems Thinking: Coping with 21st Century Problems (2008)

Perspectives If You Leave Me Now Areas of Perspective Perspectives on Google Returning to Iraq Concepts Just a Thought What's the Big Idea? The Conceptagon Engineering Pressed into Action The Way We Were Quite another Story Dynamics Thinks Can Only Get Better Soft Breakfast @ Tiffs 'n' Ease Softly, as I Lead You Into Great Issues Evolution From Prose to Picture Going off the Rails Normal Service Will Never Be Resumed Postlude Togetherness Common Causes An Intelligent Community? The Madder of All Wars Principles for Togetherness Of Social Networks Order Forms Technology Networks Less Auto, More Mobile The Price and Prize of Togetherness The System of Systems Debate Essential Characteristics Back to Biology Paradox Make My Joy Complete The World of Both System Paradoxes Bothersome Bovines Complex Life's Rich Tapestry Sides of Bacon A Weakness Stronger than Strength Ready, Fire, Aim Snowballs and Seesaws Significant Others Postlude Index A Time to Think section and Endnotes appear at the end of each chapter.
CCL-SVC: Optimizing user experience of broadcasting video on computation capability limited handheld devices (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme using computing complexity layered scalable video coding (CCLSVC) to optimize the user experience of broadcasting video in the computing capability limited handheld terminals. To address the heterogeneity of computing capability among different handheld devices, we employ hierarchal B reference structure of SVC to divide the frames into multiple computing complexity layers (CC Layers) in server side. The handheld clients simply choose to decode the frames in their corresponding layers in terms of their computation capability to maximize the video PSNR. We have proved that the optimal CC Layers division problem is a precedence constrained scheduling problem, which is an NP-complete problem. And we further propose our fast greedy method to approximately get optimized broadcasting video playback PSNR. The simulation shows that our method is superior to temporal SVC and random frame discarding method.
Performance optimization based on passivation of systems with applications to systems with input/output delay (2016)

In this paper, we study system performance in passivity based control designs. In particular, we consider the passivation method of [1], we extend it so to use non-positive passivation parameters and transfer functions, and present results to passivate systems that are not finite-gain stable. The passivation parameters are selected according to non-derivative based optimization methods when the system dynamics are unknown. We show that by tuning the passivation parameters, desired system performance can be achieved in addition to guaranteeing passivity for the system. To validate our results, we present simulations in CarSim/Simulink.