gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical applications of multi-field volume rendering and VR techniques (2004)

This paper reports on a new approach for visualizing multi-field MRI or CT datasets in an immersive environment with medical applications. Multi-field datasets combine multiple scanning modalities into a single 3D, multivalued, dataset. In our approach, they are classified and rendered using real-time hardware accelerated volume rendering, and displayed in a hybrid work environment, consisting of a dual power wall and a desktop PC. For practical reasons in this environment, the design and use of the transfer functions is subdivided into two steps, classification and exploration. The classification step is done at the desktop, taking advantage of the 2D mouse as a high accuracy input device. The exploration process takes place on the powerwall. We present our new approach, describe the underlying implementation issues, report on our experiences with different immersive environments, and suggest ways it can be used for collaborative medical diagnosis and treatment planning.
Structural heterogeneity of apoB-containing serum lipoproteins visualized using cryo-electron microscopy (1999)

Cryo-electron microscopy was used to analyze the structure of lipoprotein particles in density gradient subfractions of human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lipoproteins from a normolipidemic subject with relatively large and buoyant LDL (pattern A) and from a subject with a predominance of small dense LDL (pattern B) were compared. Projections of VLDL in vitreous ice were heterogeneous in size, but all were circular with a relatively even distribution of contrast. Selected projections of LDL, on the other hand, were circular with a high density ring or rectangular with two high density bands. Both circular and rectangular LDL projections decreased in average size with increasing subfraction density, but were found in all of 10 density gradient subfractions, both in pattern A and in pattern B profiles. Preparations of total IDL contained particles with the structural features of VLDL as well as particles resembling LDL. IDL particles resembling LDL were observed in specific density gradient subfractions in the denser region of the VLDL;-IDL density range. Within the group of IDL particles resembling LDL considerable heterogeneity was observed, but no structural features specific for the pattern A or pattern B lipoprotein profile were recognized. The observed structural heterogeneity of the apolipoprotein B-containing serum lipoproteins may reflect differences in the composition of these particles that may also influence their metabolic and pathologic properties.
Improving Data Quality, Model Functionalities and Optimizing User Interfaces in Decision Support Systems (2017)

This dissertation contributes to the research on three core elements of decision support systems for managers and consumers: data management, model management and user interface. With respect to data management this dissertation proposes an approach for reducing unobserved product heterogeneity in online transaction data sets. The example of an online auction data set is used to investigate the approach’s ability to improve data quality. In the area of model management this dissertation contributes an approach to elicit consumer product preferences for exponential (beside linear) utility functions aiming at predicting consumers’ utilities and willingness-to-pay for individual products. The question which utility function (linear or exponential) is better suited for predicting product utilities and the willingness to pay is evaluated using a laboratory experiment. Further, in the area of user interfaces this dissertation deals with information visualization. Focusing on coordinate systems, a laboratory experiment is used to investigate which visualization format (two or three dimensional) is better suited for supporting simple vs. complex decision making scenarios and which criteria matter when choosing a visualization format for a particular level of decision making complexity.
Job Interviewing: Stress-Management and Interpersonal-Skills Training for Welfare-Rehabilitation Clients. (1978)

Communication in plant-animal mutualisms frequently involves multiple perceivers. A fundamental uncertainty is whether and how species adapt to communicate with groups of mutualists having distinct sensory abilities. We quantified the colour conspicuousness of flowers and fruits originating from one European and two South American plant communities, using visual models of pollinators (bee and fly) and seed dispersers (bird, primate and marten). We show that flowers are more conspicuous than fruits to pollinators, and the reverse to seed dispersers. In addition, flowers are more conspicuous to pollinators than to seed dispersers and the reverse for fruits. Thus, despite marked differences in the visual systems of mutualists, flower and fruit colours have evolved to attract multiple, distinct mutualists but not unintended perceivers. We show that this adaptation is facilitated by a limited correlation between flower and fruit colours, and by the fact that colour signals as coded at the photoreceptor level are more similar within than between functional groups (pollinators and seed dispersers). Overall, these results provide the first quantitative demonstration that flower and fruit colours are adaptations allowing plants to communicate simultaneously with distinct groups of mutualists.
A Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Ad hoc networks, which do not rely on infrastructure such as access points or base stations, can be deployed rapidly and inexpensively even in situations with geographical or time constraints. Ad hoc networks have attractive applications in both military and disaster situations and also in commercial uses like sensor networks or conferencing. However, the nature of ad hoc networks makes them vulnerable to attacks, especially in the routing protocol. How to protect an ad hoc routing protocol is an important research topic. In this paper, we present an on-demand secure routing protocol for ad hoc networks based on a distributed authentication mechanism. The protocol makes use of recommendation and trust evaluation to establish a trust relationship between network entities and uses feedback to adjust it. The protocol does not need the support of a trusted third party and can discover multiple routes between two nodes.
N‐ras gene activation in the rd human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (1985)

A transforming N-ras allele was molecularly cloned from the RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, and the nature of its activation studied. Construction of chimeric recombinants between the RD-transforming allele and a normal human allele enabled us to localize the alteration responsible for the activation to the second exon of the N-ras gene. The nucleotide sequence of this exon, when compared to that of the normal allele, revealed a single difference at the 61st amino acid position of the encoded protein; the CAA codon for glutamine in the normal allele was mutated to a CAT codon for histidine in the RD-transforming allele. This result is the first description of a histidine replacing glutamine in the 61st position and provides further evidence that the 61st amino acid is one of the preferential sites for N-ras activation.
Readers Illuminate Issues of Solid-State Lighting (2002)

Bergh replies: Compact fluorescent lighting is a mature replacement technology for incandescent light, but solid-state lighting offers an entirely new lighting paradigm. John Waymouth missed a number of points in comparing SSL and compact fluorescent lamps. ▸SSL lights turn on instantaneously and maintain their color when dimmed. Their color is dynamically adjustable and can be easily integrated with silicon integrated circuits to provide “smart lights.” None of these attributes is available for CFLs. In addition, CFLs have poor color rendition and a poor form factor in replacing incandescent lamps.▸CFL efficiency is around 60 lumens per watt, compared to the expected efficiency of 200 lumens per watt for SSL.▸CFLs are isotropic emitters leading to 20–50% light loss within the fixture. In contrast, the quoted LED efficiencies are measured at the output of the fixture and have no additional light distribution losses. Proponents of the old technology tend to resist the new. However, a testimony on the promise of the new technology is reflected in the position of traditional lighting companies such as OSRAM Sylvania and General Electric Co, which have fully embraced the Next Generation Lighting Initiative, a government–industry partnership to accelerate the development of SSL.With regard to Jerry Woodall’s letter, our article was aimed at lighting and hence at visible LEDs. Holonyak’s red emission from GaAsP alloys was an early demonstration of a visible LED. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
The Role of Master Regulators in the Metabolic/Transcriptional Coupling in Breast Carcinomas (2012)

Metabolic transformations have been reported as involved in neoplasms survival. This suggests a role of metabolic pathways as potential cancer pharmacological targets. Modulating tumor's energy production pathways may become a substantial research area for cancer treatment. The significant role of metabolic deregulation as inducing transcriptional instabilities and consequently whole-system failure, is thus of foremost importance. By using a data integration approach that combines experimental evidence for high-throughput genome wide gene expression, a non-equilibrium thermodynamics analysis, nonlinear correlation networks as well as database mining, we were able to outline the role that transcription factors MEF2C and MNDA may have as main master regulators in primary breast cancer phenomenology, as well as the possible interrelationship between malignancy and metabolic dysfunction. The present findings are supported by the analysis of 1191 whole genome gene expression experiments, as well as probabilistic inference of gene regulatory networks, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of such data. Other evidence sources include pathway enrichment and gene set enrichment analyses, as well as motif comparison with a comprehensive gene regulatory network (of homologue genes) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our key finding is that the non-equilibrium free energies provide a realistic description of transcription factor activation that when supplemented with gene regulatory networks made us able to find deregulated pathways. These analyses also suggest a novel potential role of transcription factor energetics at the onset of primary tumor development. Results are important in the molecular systems biology of cancer field, since deregulation and coupling mechanisms between metabolic activity and transcriptional regulation can be better understood by taking into account the way that master regulators respond to physicochemical constraints imposed by different phenotypic conditions.
Field deformation and loss caused by curvature of optical fibers (1976)

Curvature loss formulas of optical fibers usually ignore the effect of field deformation caused by the curved axis of the fiber. Contrary to naive intuition, this field deformation may substantially decrease the radiation losses of modes with low mode number. Losses of modes with high mode numbers are, however, increased. We present a theoretical evaluation of curvature losses of the modes of a step-index fiber with a bent axis incorporating the influence of field deformation on the loss coefficient. The limitations of the simple loss formula in case of a sharply bent overmoded waveguide are pointed out.
Polymer-silica nanocomposite membranes for CO2 capturing (2017)

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) is an area of great interest in current international efforts geared toward lowering emissions and combating global warming. In this work, amino-silica composite membranes were prepared and used to capture carbon dioxide. The surface of silica particles was chemically modified with amine to efficiently capture carbon dioxide. The phase separation technique was used to prepare the membranes from a composite containing polyvinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), amino-silica particles, acetone and water. SEM images revealed that the membranes composed of multilayers of porous polymer uniformly impregnated with silica particles. Both XRD and FTIR results have validated the perfect integration of silica particles within the polymeric network. The mechanical properties of the membrane are improved by the presence of silica particles as proved by the high tensile strength value (1.5 N/cm2) obtained for the PVDF-HFP/SiO2 membrane compared to 0.9 N/cm2 obtained for bare PVDF-HFP membrane. Also, we succeeded in recording SEM images to show that the plastic deformation of the film is associated with the formation of macro-holes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time for such results to be monitored with SEM to observe the macroscopic evolution of the structure. Additionally, the surface area was significantly increased from 3.8 m2/g for bare PVDF-HFP membrane to 116.4 m2/g for PVDF-HFP impregnated with silica particles. Moreover, the CO2 separation efficiency depends on both surface area and the quantity of amino-SiO2 added to the membrane. The addition of amino-silica particles leads to a significant uptake of carbon dioxide compared to non-modified polymer membrane. The results obtained indicated that combing the phase separation with amino silica particles provided a cost-effective route to scaling up the synthesis of membranes that were mechanically stable and highly efficient at CO2 capture.
SEMILAR: The Semantic Similarity Toolkit (2013)

We present in this paper SEMILAR, the SE-Mantic simILARity toolkit. SEMILAR implements a number of algorithms for assessing the semantic similarity between two texts. It is available as a Java library and as a Java standalone ap-plication offering GUI-based access to the implemented semantic similarity methods. Furthermore, it offers facilities for manual se-mantic similarity annotation by experts through its component SEMILAT (a SEMantic simILarity Annotation Tool).
A tangible goal for 3D modeling (1998)

As we progress into applications that incorporate interactive life-like 3D computer graphics, the mouse falls short as a user interface device, and it becomes obvious that 3D computer graphics could achieve much more with a more intuitive user interface mechanism. Haptic interfaces, or force feedback devices, promise to increase the quality of human-computer interaction by accommodating our sense of touch. The article discusses the application of touch feedback systems to 3D modelling. To achieve a high interactivity level requires novel rendering techniques such as volume-based rendering algorithms.
Normal values of Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) in non-diabetic adults (2017)

Background:At present, there are no studies done to investigate the normal values of Hb A1c in Sudanese population. The level of Hb A1c for Sudanese population is borrowed from international references.
Two‐Stage Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Growth of High‐Quality Polycrystalline Graphene Films on Silicon Nitride Substrates (2012)

By using two-stage, metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD), it is demonstrated that high-quality polycrystalline graphene films can directly grow on silicon nitride substrates. The carrier mobility can reach about 1500 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is about three times the value of those grown on SiO(2) /Si substrates, and also is better than some examples of metal-catalyzed graphene, reflecting the good quality of the graphene lattice.
The cell surface phenotype of a naturally occurring human suppressor T-cell of restricted specificity: definition by monoclonal antibodies. (1983)

A series of murine monoclonal antibodies was used to characterize the surface phenotype of a naturally occurring E+ B14-specific suppressor cell present in the blood of a patient with recurrent superficial bladder carcinomas. This suppressor T cell is different from the few naturally occurring suppressors of MLC reported by others in that its function does not require HLA-D compatibility with the cells being suppressed. This patient's T cells had decreased proportions of T3+, 10.2+, 9.3+, and T4+ cells, a normal proportion of T8+ cells, and a markedly increased proportion of Ia-positive cells. The MLC-suppressor assay was used to test the functional activity of cell populations selectively depleted by treatment with monoclonal antibodies and C or enriched by panning. The B14-specific suppressor T cells in this patient expressed T cell markers recognized by monoclonal antibodies 9.6, T3, and the T cell subset marker identified by OKT8 (T8+) but not the subset marker identified by OKT4 (T4-). Ia antigens were present on a substantial portion of these suppressor T cells. Thus, this unique, naturally occurring suppressor T cell has a phenotype similar to that of other T suppressor cells in humans, adding validity to the concept of functionally distinct T cell compartments in human blood.
Hydrometallurgical Treatment of an Eudialyte Concentrate for Preparation of Rare Earth Carbonate (2018)

This study was a small part of the EURARE project concerned with the processing of eudialyte concentrates from Greenland and Norra Kärr, Sweden. Eudialyte is a potential rare earth elements (REE) primary resource due to its good solubility in acid, low radioactivity and relatively high REE content. The main challenge is avoiding the formation of silica gel, which is non-filterable when using acid to extract REE. Some methods have been studied to address this issue and, based on previous research, this paper examined a complete hydrometallurgical treatment of eudialyte concentrate to the production of REE carbonate as a preliminary product. Dry digestion with concentrated hydrochloric acid (10 M) and subsequent water leaching of the treated eudialyte concentrate resulted in high REE extraction while avoiding gel formation. Experiments were performed at a small scale to obtain the optimal parameters. After the first two stages, 88.8% REE was leached under the optimal conditions (HCl:concentrate ratio 1.25:1, digestion time 40 min, water:concentrate ratio 2:1, leaching temperature 20–25°C and leaching time 30 min). After obtaining the pregnant leach solution, preliminary removal of impurities by a precipitation method was examined as well. When adjusting the pH to ~4.0 using calcium carbonate, zirconium, aluminium and iron were removed at 99.1%, 90.0% and 53.1%, respectively, with a REE loss of 2.1%. Finally, a pilot plant test was performed to demonstrate the feasibility and recovery performance under optimal parameters. The material balance in the upscaling test was also calculated to offer some references for future industrial application. A REE carbonate containing 30.0% total REE was finally produced, with an overall REE recovery yield of 85.5%.
Self-initiating MUSIC-based direction finding and polarization estimation in spatio-polarizational beamspace (2000)

A novel self-initiating multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based direction-finding (DF) and polarization-estimation algorithm in spatio-polarizational beamspace is presented for an arbitrarily spaced array of identically oriented electromagnetic vector sensors. An electromagnetic vector sensor, already commercially available, is composed of six colocated, but diversely polarized, antennas distinctly measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of a multisource incident wave field. This proposed algorithm: (1) exploits the incident sources' polarization diversity; (2) decouples the estimation of the sources' arrival angles from the estimation of the sources' polarization parameters; (3) uses ESPRIT on pairs of vector sensors to self-generate coarse estimates of the arrival angles to start off its MUSIC-based iterative search without any a priori information on the incident sources' parameters; (4) estimate the sources' polarization states; and (5) automatically pairs the x-axis direction-cosine estimates with the y-axis direction-cosine estimates and with the polarization estimates. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed method.
EPI image reconstruction with correction of distortion and signal losses (2006)

Results suggest that applying our method for reconstructing EPI images to reduce distortions and MRI signal losses is feasible.
Video Quality Analysis for an Automated Video Capturing and Editing System for Conversation Scenes (2005)

This paper introduces video quality analysis for automated video capture and editing. Previously, we proposed an automated video capture and editing system for conversation scenes. In the capture phase, our system not only produces concurrent video streams with multiple pan-tilt-zoom cameras but also recognizes "conversation states" i.e., who is speaking, when someone is nodding, etc. As it is necessary to know the conversation states for the automated editing phase, it is important to clarify how the recognition rate of the conversation attributes affects our editing system with regard to the quality of the resultant videos. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between the recognition rate of conversation states and the quality of resultant videos through subjective evaluation experiments. The quality scores of the resultant videos were almost the same as the best case in which recognition was done manually, and the recognition rate of our capture system was therefore sufficient.
Aerosol delivery to ventilated newborn infants: historical challenges and new directions (2010)

There are several aerosolized drugs which have been used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory illnesses, such as bronchodilators, diuretics, and surfactants. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies identified a number of variables that affect aerosol efficiency, including particle size, aerosol flows, nebulizer choice, and placement. Nevertheless, an optimized aerosol drug delivery system for mechanically ventilated infants still does not exist. Increasing interest in this form of drug delivery requires more controlled and focused research of drug/device combinations appropriate for the neonatal population. In the present article, we review the research that has been conducted thus far and discuss the next steps in developing the optimal aerosol delivery system for use in mechanically ventilated neonates.