gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Satellite Relay Transmission in 5G: Concepts, Techniques, and Challenges (2018)

The demands of 5G mobile communications, such as higher throughput and lower latency in future communications, has promoted more advanced communication technologies and heterogeneous network integration. Satellite communication has been recently considered as a key part of 5G for the benefits of meeting the availability and ubiquitous coverage requirements targeted by 5G. As a potential 5G technology, multi-satellite cooperative transmission systems have been studied, as they can provide the high throughput brought by virtual multiple-input multiple-output structures. In this article, we briefly review the concepts and techniques of multi-satellite cooperative transmission systems in 5G. Moreover, the architectures of two multi-satellite relay transmission systems based on TDMA and NOMA are introduced. In particular, we focus more on the performance evaluation and research challenges of the TDMA-based architecture to explore its system optimizing approach. Finally, to exploit the full potential of multi-satellite systems in 5G networks, future trends and challenges are discussed.
Correlation between rates of brain atrophy and cognitive decline in AD (1999)

Twenty-nine untreated patients diagnosed with probable AD and 15 control patients underwent two or more clinical and volumetric MRI assessments with intervals ranging from 5 months to 6 years. The change in global cerebral volume for an individual was calculated by a novel method of registration and subtraction of serial scans. Rate of global cerebral volume loss correlated strongly with rate of change in Mini-Mental State Examination scores (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), implying clinical relevance to this marker of progression.
A new fibre-optic liquid crystal catheter for oxygen saturation and blood flow measurements in the coronary sinus (1980)

A new catheter for oxygen saturation and thermodilution measurements in the coronary sinus is described. The distinctive feature of this catheter is a new cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) temperature sensor. Described in brief are the constructive and performance characteristics of the sensor, which permits temperature measurement by means of luminous pulses transmitted through optical fibres. The advantages of this solution are pointed out in terms of patient safety and instrumental integration of the thermodilution and oxygen saturation measurements both achieved through reflection photometry via optical fibres. Two possible configurations of the new catheter, with a double or a single optical connector, are illustrated and the instruments designed to be used with each catheter, are also described. Preliminary animal experiments on the application of the new catheter for the study of the coronary circulation are finally reported.
Translating Journalists' Requirements into Features for Image Search (2009)

This paper illustrates how taking advantage of user studies highlighting the user requirements can lead to the selection of suitable visual features in image search systems. The results of a study to identify pertinent visual features to enhance a text-based press photo search system used by journalists are presented. A requirement was that the visual features should be intuitively understandable by the journalists. This feature selection task is approached by first determining the journalists' photo searching requirements based on a published user study. These requirements are then mapped to suitable visual features. The emphasis was on identifying suitable and intuitive low-level features, as these can be rapidly implemented in the existing text-based image search system. Results demonstrating the use of the selected features are shown.
Frequent genetic recombination in natural populations of the marine cyanobacterium <i>Microcoleus chthonoplastes</i> (2005)

A culture-independent method for multilocus sequence typing of Microcoleus chthonoplastes was developed based on mechanical separation of individual cyanobacterial filaments from natural microbial mat populations through micromanipulation, subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of three genetic loci (kaiC, petB/D, rDNA-ITS). Among 81 individuals sampled from intertidal sand flats of the North Sea and Baltic Sea, we found 8-14 different sequences (alleles) per genetic locus, resulting in 36 distinct genotypes with unique allele profiles. Non-congruent phylogenetic gene trees for the three loci analysed and split decomposition analysis indicated the occurrence of horizontal genetic exchange. The index of association determined for the entire population was 0.096, indicating that recombination occurs frequently enough to cause almost random association (linkage equilibrium) among alleles. Analysing individuals from three different locations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea, we did not find evidence for geographic subdivisions between populations.
Mast cells and leukotrienes mediate neutrophil sequestration and lung edema after remote ischemia in rodents. (1992)

Reperfusion of ischemic hindlimbs leads to leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-dependent lung injury. Pulmonary mast cells are capable of synthesizing LTB4 and are potential mediators of this inflammatory response. This study tests their role in PMN sequestration and pulmonary edema after hindlimb ischemia. Anesthetized, mast cell-sufficient mice (n = 8) or their congeneic mast cell-deficient strain (n = 8) were subjected to 3 hours of hindlimb ischemia. After another 3 hours of reperfusion, plasma LTB4 levels rose to 651 pg/ml, higher than sham ischemic control (n = 8) values of 202 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). At this time there was sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary microcirculation (54 PMN/10 high-power fields [HPF]) and an increase in lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of 4.4. Both these values were higher (p less than 0.05) than those in sham ischemic animals that showed sequestration of 18 PMN/10 HPF and a lung W/D of 3.1. In contrast, mast cell-deficient mice showed an attenuation of ischemia- and reperfusion-induced rise in plasma LTB4 (507 pg/ml), fewer sequestered neutrophils (34 PMNs/10 HPF), and a reduction in lung W/D to 3.9 (all p less than 0.05). To test the role of lung LTB4 in determining PMN sequestration, rats (n = 78) were subjected to 3 hours of hindlimb ischemia. After 3 hours of reperfusion, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) LTB4 concentrations rose to 956 and 211 pg/ml, respectively--higher than sham values of 460 and 121 pg/ml (both p less than 0.05). After 4 hours, plasma LTB4 levels had returned to baseline, whereas BAL LTB4 had increased further to 658 pg/ml, indicating lung origin. Treatment of other rats by localized lung lavage of the lipoxygenase inhibitor diethylcarbamazine (80 mg/kg in 0.1 ml twice) prevented the ischemia- and reperfusion-induced rise in BAL LTB4 (267 pg/ml) and limited local neutrophil sequestration (from 51 PMN/10 HPF after saline aspiration to 36 PMN/10 HPF) and lung W/D (from 4.5 to 4.1) (all p less than 0.05). The data indicate that after hindlimb ischemia pulmonary mast cells and localized LTB4 synthesis mediate, in part, the lung inflammatory response.
Determining the absolute value of penetration depth of large area films (1996)

We report a method that allows the measurement of the absolute size of the magnetic penetration depth λ(T) of large area YBa2Cu3O7−δ films using the two-coil method where a YBa2Cu3O7−δ film is overlapped with a 1-μm-thick Pb film equivalent in size placed in the gap between the drive and receive coil. The drive coil has fewer counter turns on the top section than the bottom, which is closer to the film, so the film’s edge current would be suppressed and the accuracy that depends on geometry is greatly improved. The transition of the Pb film causes a steplike portion in the mutual inductance M(T) graph and the resultant step height leads to the absolute value of λ.
Analysis and design of a circular-polarized nearly-square-patch antenna using a cavity model (2005)

For a given feed position, newly derived equations are used to determine the dimensions of a circular-polarized (CP) nearly square patch antenna. It is also shown that for a feed offset from one corner of the patch, the perturbation segment (ΔS) is increased, thereby reducing the effect of manufacturing errors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 406–410, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21001
Autosomale Vererbung (1988)

Mit einigen wichtigen Ausnahmen (siehe Kapitel 12) ist es bisher nicht möglich, die genetische Konstitution (Genotyp) eines Individuums auf direktem Weg zu überprüfen. Im allgemeinen leiten sich Informationen über den Genotyp vom klinischen Erscheinungsbild (Phänotyp) ab. Dabei gibt es verschiedene Wege, über den Phänotyp Informationen zum Genotyp zu erhalten (Tabelle 6.1). Direkte Informationsgewinnung einschließlich DNS-Sequenzanalyse des mutierten Gens und Darstellung einer Gendele-tion, einer kausativen Punktmutation durch eine Oligonukleotidsequenz oder des Verlustes einer Schnittstelle ist heute möglich. Die Verwendung gekoppelter RFLPn (gleichgültig ob extra- oder intragenetisch) sollte aber als phänotypischer Test angesehen werden.
Studies on Menthol Derivatives (1970)

(-)-Menthyl carbinol (1-(R)-Methly-3-(R)-hydroxymethyl-4-(S)-isopropylcyclohexane) (4) was prepared stereospecifically in good yield by treatment of formaldehyde with the Grignard reagent from (-)-menthyl chloride (2), which was prepared from (-)-menthol-(1-(R)-methyl-3-(R)-hydroxy-4-(S)-isopropylcyclohexane) (1) by chorination using the Lucas reagent (HCl+ZnCl2). The configuration of 4 was assigned by the chemical method.
Induction of ferritin and heme oxygenase-1 by endotoxin in the lung (1998)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression is increased by forms of oxidative stress that also induce ferritin. Even though this could result from release of iron by heme degradation, we hypothesized that ferritin expression in the lung after endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] would occur independently of HO-1 because iron sequestration is an important response to infection. We tested this hypothesis by instilling saline or LPS (1 mg) into lungs of rats and measuring ferritin expression, HO-1 expression and activity, and HO-1 and ferritin mRNAs at different times. Lungs were also inflation fixed for immunohistochemistry for HO-1 and ferritin. Studies were performed with and without the HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. Ferritin and HO-1 labeling were minimal (macrophages only) in control lungs. By 4 h after LPS instillation, ferritin staining was present in bronchial epithelium and macrophages, became diffuse at 16 h, and was nearly gone by 48-72 h. HO-1 was detectable in macrophages 4 and 16 h after LPS instillation, increased in macrophages and bronchial epithelium at 24 h, and diffusely increased in bronchial epithelium and the alveolar region at 48-72 h. Lung ferritin content increased significantly by 4 h and peaked at 16 h before declining. HO-1 protein was present by Western blot in control lung, stable at 4 h, and increased by 24 h after LPS instillation, whereas HO enzyme activity had increased by 4 h after LPS instillation. After complete inhibition of HO enzyme activity with tin protoporphyrin, ferritin increased threefold at 4 h and sixfold at 24 h after LPS instillation. HO-1 mRNA increased by 4 h and was sustained at 24 h, whereas ferritin mRNA did not change after LPS instillation. These results indicate that intratracheal LPS rapidly induces ferritin protein in the lung independently of its mRNA synthesis or HO enzyme activity. LPS induces HO-1 mRNA, which is followed by increased expression of protein.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYENE MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS (1977)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Allelopathy of Sorghum on Wheat under Several Tillage Systems (2000)

Allelopathy by grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] frequently harms wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) when the crops are grown in rotation. Responses of seven wheat cultivars to different methods of tilling sorghum stover were investigated to determine if the problem might be remedied by genetic resistance or improved management of the stover. Field trials on Kahola silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed mesic Cumulic Hapludolls) compared effects of fallow, tilled sorghum stover, and no‐till sorghum stover during the first season and the same treatments plus no‐till millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] stover the second season. The seven wheat cultivars were planted after the sorghum and millet were harvested and tilled, and their emergence, stand density, and yield components were measured. Tilled sorghum residue often delayed development of the following wheat crop but did not affect grain yields, probably because allelopathic compounds degraded in the soil. No‐till sorghum stover had little effect on stand establishment but frequently reduced grain yields of wheat, possibly because allelopathic compounds leached slowly. Wheat grain yields (means of all seven cultivars) were 3.3, 2.8, and 2.3 Mg/ha in fallow, tilled sorghum residue, and no‐till sorghum residue, respectively, during 2 yr and 3.1 Mg/ha in no‐till millet residue in the second year. Selection of resistant wheat cultivars is probably impractical, because differences were small and inconsistent. However, if erosion of soil is not a concern, allelopathy might be reduced by prompt tillage and other practices that promote rapid decomposition of sorghum stover.
Kinetic Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) (1998)

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT, EC 2.3.1.87) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis. This enzyme is of special biological interest because large changes in its activity drive the large night/day rhythm in circulating melatonin in vertebrates. In this study the kinetic mechanism of AANAT action was studied using bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST)-AANAT fusion protein. The enzymologic behavior of GST-AANAT and cleaved AANAT was essentially identical. Two-substrate kinetic analysis generated an intersecting line pattern characteristic of a ternary complex mechanism. The dead end inhibitor analog desulfo-CoA was competitive versus acetyl-CoA and noncompetitive versus tryptamine. Tryptophol was not an alternative substrate but was a dead end competitive inhibitor versus tryptamine and an uncompetitive inhibitor versus acetyl-CoA, indicative of an ordered binding mechanism requiring binding of acetyl-CoA first. N-Acetyltryptamine, a reaction product, was a noncompetitive inhibitor versus tryptamine and uncompetitive with respect to acetyl-CoA. Taken together these results support an ordered BiBi ternary complex (sequential) kinetic mechanism for AANAT and provide a framework for inhibitor design.
Effect of vitamin C and its derivatives on collagen synthesis and cross‐linking by normal human fibroblasts (1998)

Vitamin C (VitC) plays a critical role in the maintenance of a normal mature collagen network in humans (anti-scurvy properties) by preventing the auto-inactivation of lysyl and prolyl hyroxylase, two key enzymes in collagen biosynthesis. In this study two in vitro models were designed to evaluate the effects of VitC on collagen biosynthesis and cross-linking at cellular and tissue levels. It was shown that VitC induced a dose-dependent increase in collagen type I deposits by normal human fibroblasts (NHF) cultured in monolayer, and enhanced extracellular matrix contraction by NHF in a lattice model, in a non-cytotoxic range of concentrations (103m, 104m, 105m). Exogenous VitC supply could thus contribute to the maintenance of optimal collagenic density in the dermis and locally strengthen the collagen network. Vitamin C-phosphate (VitC-P) and vitamin C-glucoside (VitC-Glu) (two VitC derivatives presenting higher chemical stability in aqueous solution) were also tested in our two models, and showed similar biological properties, but with different potencies. These two compounds can be considered as pro-vitamins for skin, and could thus advantageously substitute for VitC in VitC-based anti-ageing products, as they allow the development of stable, easy-to-use formulations.
Monoclonal antiglycophorin as a probe for erythroleukemias (1983)

A monoclonal antibody (LICR.LON.R10) specific for the major sialoglycoprotein of the erythroid cell membrane, glycophorin A (alpha), has been used to test the possibility that “cryptic” erythroleukemia may be diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). In addition to 27 overt erythroleukemias, 724 leukemias, including 329 ALL (103 in relapse), 205 AML, and 109 blast crises of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, were analyzed. Twenty cases with a significant proportion of glycophorin-A-positive (gA+) cells were found; 8 of these (5 AML and 3 blast crises of chronic myeloid leukemia, CML) had an obvious erythroid component, but 12 others were diagnosed as AML (2), AMML (1), CML in myeloid blast crisis (4) or megakaryoblastic blast crisis (1), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (2), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2). The latter two patients had no immunologic evidence supporting a diagnosis of ALL and were resistant to chemotherapy. We conclude that AML and ALL only very rarely express gA, and these are probably genuine “cryptic” erythroleukemias. Other gA+ leukemias (megakaryoblastic and CML blast crises) may arise from bi- or pluripotent stem cells and contain distinct and separable blast cell populations.
EFFECTS OF MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE DEPLETION ON RESPONDING MAINTAINED BY COCAINE AND FOOD (1994)

The hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine is selectively involved in cocaine reinforcement was investigated in the rat. Animals were trained under a multiple schedule in which responding was reinforced by intravenous cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/injection) or food (45-mg pellets) under fixed-ratio 15 schedule requirements in alternate 30-min components of a 2-hr daily session. Infusion of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, but not the vehicle solution, into the region of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle produced selective reductions in cocaine self-administration without significantly altering responding maintained by food within the same sessions. This effect was reproduced in intact animals by substituting saline for cocaine in the self-administration component. These results support the hypothesis that the reinforcing effects of cocaine are dependent upon mesolimbic dopamine and demonstrate that cocaine self-administration can be disrupted in animals without altering behavior maintained by a nondrug reinforcer.
The normal human chondro-osseous junctional region: evidence for contact of uncalcified cartilage with subchondral bone and marrow spaces (2006)

This study demonstrates that the chondro-osseous junctional region is more complex than previously described. The tidemark is a clearly defined boundary delineating uncalcified from calcified cartilage. It is not a straight line across a joint, but a complex three-dimensional structure that follows uncalcified cartilage prolongations dipping down through the calcified cartilage to abut onto subjacent bone or marrow spaces.
A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula (1935)

A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula , A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts of Phosphorus Compounds. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts of Phosphorus Compounds.Morris L. Nielsen, J. V. Pustinger, and John. StrobelCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1964, 9, 2, 167–170Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60021a003https://doi.org/10.1021/je60021a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3913Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Drug permeation through human skin: Theory and invitro experimental measurement (1975)

Abstract The penetration of drugs and other micromolecules through intact human skin can be regarded as a process of dissolution and molecular diffusion through a composite, multilayer membrane, whose principal barrier to transport is localized within the stratum corneum. A mathematical model of the stratum corneum as a two‐phase protein‐lipid heterogeneous membrane (in which the lipid phase is continuous) correlates the permeability of the membrane to a specific penetrant with the water solubility of the penetrant and with its lipid‐protein partition coefficient. Experimentally measured permeabilities of human skin to a variety of drugs have been found to conform to this model. The extraordinarily low permeability of skin to most micromolecules appears to arise from the very low diffusivity of such molecules in the intercellular lipid phase.
A Minimal Cubic Graph of Girth Seven (1960)

A “cubic” graph is one with three edges incident on each vertex. Let v and e be the number of vertices and edges, respectively. Then 3v = 2e for a cubic graph. The girth of a graph is the smallest number of edges in any non-trivial polygon. A minimal graph is one with the smallest number of edges with its particular properties. The minimal cubic graphs of girths one to eight, excluding seven, are discussed in Tutte's paper [1]. A minimal cubic graph of girth seven is given here.
Optics and interferometry with atoms and molecules (2009)

Interference with atomic and molecular matter waves is a rich branch of atomic physics and quantum optics. It started with atom diffraction from crystal surfaces and the separated oscillatory fields technique used in atomic clocks. Atom interferometry is now reaching maturity as a powerful art with many applications in modern science. In this review the basic tools for coherent atom optics are described including diffraction by nanostructures and laser light, three-grating interferometers, and double wells on atom chips. Scientific advances in a broad range of fields that have resulted from the application of atom interferometers are reviewed. These are grouped in three categories: (i) fundamental quantum science, (ii) precision metrology, and (iii) atomic and molecular physics. Although some experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates are included, the focus of the review is on linear matter wave optics, i.e., phenomena where each single atom interferes with itself.