gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticodon-dependent aminoacylation of a noncognate tRNA with isoleucine, valine, and phenylalanine in vivo. (1991)

An assay based on the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli has been used to explore the role of the anticodon in tRNA identity in vivo. Mutations were introduced into the initiator tRNA to change the wild-type anticodon from CAU (methionine) to GAU (isoleucine), GAC (valine), and GAA (phenylalanine), where each derivative differs from the preceding by a single base change in the anticodon (underlined). These changes were sufficient to cause the mutant tRNAs to be aminoacylated by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases based on the amino acid inserted into protein from complementary initiation codons. Construction of additional single base anticodon variants (GUU, GGU, GCC, GUC, GCA, and UAA) showed that all three anticodon bases specify isoleucine and phenylalanine identity and that both the middle and the third anticodon bases are important for valine identity in vivo.
Measurement of the MOSFET drain current variation under high gate voltage (2008)

The method for accurately measuring the drain current of the MOSFETs, which are integrated in an array and are biased at high gate voltage, is studied. Feedback loop in Kelvin connection is made by software to obtain both accurate and stable measurement. The experimental data show that this Kelvin method is accurate and it is applicable to evaluate the accuracy of the conventional Kelvin method using the hardware feedback loop.
<i>C</i>‐Silyl‐<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐dialkyl‐<i>N′</i>‐arylformamidines: Synthesis and Reactions with Phosphorus(III) Chlorides (2016)

A method for the synthesis of new C ‐silyl‐ N , N ‐dialkyl‐ N′ ‐arylformamidines was developed. These derivatives were formed by the deprotonation of N ‐(trimethylsilyl)formamidinium salts to give the corresponding N ‐trimethylsilyl carbenes followed by a 1,2‐migration of the silyl group. The reactions of C ‐silylformamidines with phosphorus(III) chlorides were then studied. The reactions between chlorodiphenylphosphane and the C ‐silylformamidines readily afforded C ‐phosphanylformamidines in high yields. The reactions of dichlorophosphanes and C ‐silylformamidines yielded previously unknown phosphanes that feature two formamidine substituents. In the reaction with phosphorus trichloride, the sterically least encumbered formamidine gave a stable two‐coordinate compound through the formation of an intermediate tris(phosphane). The reactions of the sterically more encumbered formamidines led to the substitution of only two chlorine atoms to give a chlorophosphane or benzazaphosphole. The structures of key compounds were proven by X‐ray crystal structure analyses.
Mechanism of ozone attack on α‐methyl glucoside and cellulosic materials (1966)

Abstract Ozone attack on cellulose and related substances was investigated and appears to involve a twofold mechanism. One is a free‐radical chain mechanism involving oxygen in the propagating step. This slow reaction is highly indiscriminate, showing very little, if any, specificity as to the site of attack and resulting in the formation of peroxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, and presumably lactone groups. In the presence of oxygen, kinetic chain lengths of over 100 were measured, but in nitrogen atmosphere the total oxidation of substrate was equivalent to the amount of ozone consumed. The second process appears to be an electrophilic attack which liberates the anomeric carbon of glycosides via an ozone‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages. This reaction, analogous to a nitronium or chloronium ion‐ or proton‐catalyzed hydrolysis, is postulated since chain degradation of polysaccharides is equally severe in the presence or absence of oxygen, and occurs in buffered solutions or suspensions even in the neutral pH range, and because the main product of ozone attack on α‐methyl glucoside is glucose. Brightness improvement in cellulose involves an electrophilic attack on double bonds and therefore is a direct function of the quantity of ozone used, like chain degradation. It is therefore not surprising that we have found no method of enhancing the specificity of ozone attack on the colored material relative to chain degradation. Because of the topochemical and diffusion‐controlled character of the reaction on cellulose, the use of a different temperature range will cause only a trivial difference in the relative rates of attack.
Fibronectin type III domains engineered to bind CD40L: cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two complexes (2013)

Tn3 proteins are a novel class of binding molecules based on the third fibronectin type III domain of human tenascin C. Target-specific Tn3 proteins are selected from combinatorial libraries in which three surface-exposed loops have been diversified. Here, the cocrystallization of two different Tn3 proteins in complex with CD40L, a therapeutic target for immunological disease, is reported. These crystal structures are the first to be reported of Tn3 proteins and will help to reveal how these engineered molecules achieve specific recognition of a cognate target.
Overexpression of PIAS3 Suppresses Cell Growth, Restores the Drug Sensitivity of Human Lung Cancer Cells in Association with PI3-K/Akt Inactivation (2006)

Constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are reported to cause uncontrolled transmission of growth signals. In this study, we analyzed the roles of an inhibitor of STAT, protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) 3, in the development of lung cancer. Treatment with an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, LY294002, retarded the growth of human lung cancer cells and rendered them more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. However, the inhibition of JAK/STAT by AG490 significantly suppressed cell growth but did not increase drug sensitivity at all. Overexpression of PIAS3 not only significantly inhibited cell growth but also rendered cancer cells up to 12.0-fold more sensitive to the above drugs, which was associated with the suppression of Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of PIAS3 with small interfering RNA, nevertheless, led cancer cells to accelerate cell proliferation, deteriorate chemosensitivity, and augment Akt phosphorylation. Although the overexpression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 in cancer cells also inhibited cell growth and STAT3 phosphorylation, it neither increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs nor affected the phosphorylation of Akt. These results indicate that PIAS3 may be an attractive candidate for targeting the JAK/STAT and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways in cancer treatment.
Locomotion Capabilities of a Novel Reconfigurable Robot with 3 DOF Active Joints for Rugged Terrain (2006)

Reconfigurable robots consist of many modules which are able to change the way they are connected. As a result, the robots have the capability of adopting different configurations to match various tasks and suit complex environments. This paper presents a novel field robot named JL-I which consists of three uniform modules. With the docking mechanisms, the modules can connect or disconnect flexibly and automatically. Furthermore the active joints formed by serial and parallel mechanisms endow the robot with the ability of changing shape in three dimensions. Consequently useful locomotion capabilities, such as crossing high vertical obstacles, getting self-recovery when the robot is upside-down are achieved. After describing the structural principle of the robot, the related kinematics analysis follows. In the end, the successful on-site tests confirm the principles described above and the robot's ability.
Cerebral antioedematous effect of Teproside and of some vincamine derivatives. (1984)

Alkyltin compounds are known to produce in the rat a selective oedema of the CNS, especially of the white matter. Vincamine and vincamine derivatives, among which Teproside is the most potent, are able to prevent the occurrence of such an oedematous reaction whereas xanthine derivatives and papaverine fail to prevent this oedema. It is suggested that there may be a potentiation of the effect of vincamine by the xanthine part of the Teproside chemical structure.
Two novel IgG endopeptidases of<i>Streptococcus equi</i> (2009)

Streptococcus equi ssp. equi causes strangles, a highly contagious and serious disease in the upper respiratory tract of horses. Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus, another subspecies of this genus, is regarded as an opportunistic commensal in horses. The present study describes the characterization of two novel immunoglobulin G (IgG) endopeptidases of these subspecies, IdeE2 and IdeZ2. Both enzymes display sequence similarities with two previously characterized IgG endopeptidases, IdeE of S. equi ssp. equi and IdeZ of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus. IdeE2 and IdeZ2 display high substrate-specificity in comparison with IdeE and IdeZ, as they both completely cleave horse IgG, while the activity against IgG from mouse, rabbit, cat, cow, sheep and goat is low or absent. The potential use of IdeE and IdeE2 as vaccine components was studied in a mouse infection model. In this vaccination and challenge study, both enzymes induced protection against S. equi ssp. equi infection.
ShRNA-mediated gene silencing of β-catenin inhibits growth of human colon cancer cells (2007)

These specific shRNAs targeted against beta-catenin could have a gene silencing effect and block the WNT signaling pathway. They could inhibit cell growth, increase apoptosis, and induce cell cycle arrest in Colo205 cells. ShRNA interference against beta-catenin is of potential value in gene therapy of colon cancer.
Secure and Anonymous Data Transmission System for Cluster Organised Space Information Network (2016)

Space Information Network (SIN) plays an important role in civil and national defense field, and it is highly emphasized by governments. Data transmitted and processed in SIN is massive and dynamic, which is collected by entities in the space. However, with the widely development of SIN, data security in storage and communication is facing a great challenge, and network-based attacks would leak top-secret information, which may lead to social unrest or even threatening national security. Members in SIN like the satellites, spacecrafts and aircrafts normally transmit data in clusters divided according to their function, mission and position, and each member has a superior in the upper layer. Thus we propose a secure and anonymous data transmission system for cluster organised Space Information Network in this paper to improve the security in SIN. Members in this system transmit data in clusters, and there is a cluster head managing all its cluster members. The public key is a meaningful string like the receiver's identity, which is convenient for senders to check the correctness. To reduce the burden of a single public key generator (PKG), private key can be generated from the superior in the upper layer. In addition, messages transmitted in this system are anonymous, while in consideration of non-repudiation, a cluster head can trace the message sender if there are disputes occurring, thus the malicious cluster member will be eliminated by the cluster head. Finally, zero-knowledge proof systems are used to ensure that the ciphertext is generated legally. This system is proved in a full version paper, which is semantic secure, anonymous and traceable, with a perfectly zero-knowledge proof, and its efficient performance shows that it can be applied in SIN.
Molecular Imaging in Prostate Cancer (2008)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the United States. The paradigm of cancer care in the future will be a risk-adjusted patient-specific therapy designed to maximize cancer control while minimizing the risk of complications. PCa screening is typically performed with a digital rectal examination and measurement of serum PSA level. Antibodies directed at the extracellular domain may increase the sensitivity of PSMA antibody imaging of PCa by recognizing surface epitopes on living cancer cells. The American Cancer Society estimates 218,890 new cases of PCa in 2007, 29% of all sites in men, causing mortality in 27,050 or 9% of all male cancer deaths. Imaging has become increasingly important in the assessment of PCa management because of the need for help with treatment selection and planning. Conventional anatomic imaging methods like computed tomography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging are insufficiently accurate for determination of the initial tumor stage because of their low sensitivities and specificities.
¿Es el procedimiento penal internacional " adversarial " , " inquisitivo " o mixto ?. (2004)

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Isolation of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> from Free-Ranging Birds and Mammals on Livestock Premises (2005)

Surveys for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in free-ranging mammals and birds were conducted on nine dairy and beef cattle farms in Wisconsin and Georgia. Specimens were collected from 774 animals representing 25 mammalian and 22 avian species. Specimens of ileum, liver, intestinal lymph nodes, and feces were harvested from the larger mammals; a liver specimen and the gastrointestinal tract were harvested from birds and small mammals. Cultures were performed by using radiometric culture and acid-fast isolates were identified by 16S/IS900/IS1311 PCR and mycobactin dependency characteristics. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from tissues and feces from 39 samples from 30 animals representing nine mammalian and three avian species. The prevalence of infected wild animals by premises ranged from 2.7 to 8.3% in Wisconsin and from 0 to 6.0% in Georgia. Shedding was documented in seven (0.9%) animals: three raccoons, two armadillos, one opossum, and one feral cat. The use of two highly polymorphic short sequence repeat loci for analysis of 29 of the 39 strains identified 10 alleles. One allelic pattern broadly shared in domestic ruminants ("7,5") appeared in approximately one-third of the wildlife M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates studied. Given the few cases of shedding by free-ranging animals compared to the volume of contaminated manure produced by infected domestic ruminant livestock, contamination of the farm environment by infected wildlife was negligible. Wildlife may, however, have epidemiological significance for farms where M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recently has been eliminated or on farms free of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis but located in the geographic vicinity of farms with infected livestock.
Isothiazoloquinolones with Enhanced Antistaphylococcal Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Strains:  Effects of Structural Modifications at the 6-, 7-, and 8-Positions (2006)

We describe the biological evaluation of isothiazoloquinolones (ITQs) having structural modifications at the 6-, 7-, and 8-positions. Addition of a methoxy substituent to C-8 effected an increase in antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a decrease in cytotoxic activity against Hep2 cells. Removal of fluorine from C-6 or replacement of the C-8 carbon with a nitrogen compromised anti-MRSA activity. When the groups attached at C-7 were compared, the anti-MRSA activity decreased in the order 6-isoquinolinyl > 4-pyridinyl > 5-dihydroisoindolyl > 6-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. The compound with the most desirable in vitro biological profile was 9-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-9H-isothiazolo[5,4-b]quinoline-3,4-dione (7g). This ITQ demonstrated (i) strong in vitro anti-MRSA activity (MIC90 = 0.5 μg/mL), (ii) strong inhibitory activities against S. aureus DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, with weak activity against human topoisomerase II, (iii) weak cytotoxic activities against three cell lines, and (iv) efficacy in an in vivo murine thigh model of infection employing MRSA.
A WordNet-Based Semantic Model for Enhancing Text Clustering (2009)

Most of text mining techniques are based on word and/or phrase analysis of the text. The statistical analysis of a term (word or phrase) frequency captures the importance of the term within a document. However, to achieve a more accurate analysis, the underlying mining technique should indicate terms that capture the semantics of the text from which the importance of a term in a sentence and in the document can be derived. Incorporating semantic features from the WordNet lexical database is one of many approaches that have been tried to improve the accuracy of text clustering techniques. A new semantic-based model that analyzes documents based on their meaning is introduced. The proposed model analyzes terms and their corresponding synonyms and/or hypernyms on the sentence and document levels. In this model, if two documents contain different words and these words are semantically related, the proposed model can measure the semantic-based similarity between the two documents. The similarity between documents relies on a new semantic-based similarity measure which is applied to the matching concepts between documents. Experiments using the proposed semantic-based model in text clustering are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the newly developed semantic-based model enhances the clustering quality of sets of documents substantially.
Effect of Electrical Surface Charge on Seal Coat Curing and Aggregate Loss Performance (2015)

Abstract This study presents quantifications of the electrical interactions between aggregates and emulsions using zeta potentials and evaluates the interaction influence on seal coat curing and aggregate loss performances. Three emulsions and seven aggregates consisting of CRS-2P, RS-2P, and AE-90S for emulsions and Trap Rock, Sandstone, Blast Furnace Slag, Steel Slag, Limestone, Dolomite, and Crushed Gravel were used for the zeta potential for electrostatic interaction, the water content test for the curing performance, and the sweep test for aggregate loss performance. All aggregates and emulsions showed positive zeta potentials at a low pH and negative zeta potentials at high pH with the exception of Blast Furnace Slag, which exhibited negative zeta potential values regardless of pH levels. This observation confirms that the zeta potential sensitively varies with the pH of solution. Conclusively, the electrical surface charge of an aggregate in emulsions varies with the type of emulsion. CRS-2P presented the fastest water evaporation among the three emulsions, which confirms that cationic emulsions show fast curing due to a negatively charged existing pavement surface, in general, like a felt disk used in this study. Another observation made from the water content test is that Limestone aggregate can slow down the water evaporation rate in CRS-2P. RS-2P and AE-90S show similar retardations, but they are statistically insignificant. It should be noted that there was no electrostatic attraction among the emulsions and Limestone based on the zeta potential test results. However, the electrostatic interaction between CRS-2P and Limestone has the smallest repulsion among Limestone with the emulsions. This study also showed that the electrostatic interaction and aggregate loss performance had a poor correlation (R2 = 0.3212), which may lead to a conclusion that repulsion and attraction between emulsion particle and aggregate particle does not significantly affect the aggregate loss performance of seal coat.
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Pyrrole with Chalcones Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Zinc Catalyst (2014)

A highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation of pyrrole with a wide range of simple nonchelating chalcone derivatives catalyzed by a chiral (Zn2EtL)n (L = (S,S)-1) complex has been developed. The catalyst (Zn2EtL)n complex was prepared in situ by reacting the chiral ligand (S,S)-1 with 2 equiv of diethylzinc. A series of β-pyrrole-substituted dihydrochalcones were usually formed mostly in excellent yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivity [up to 99% enantiomeric excess (ee)] by using 15 mol % catalyst loading under mild conditions. The absolute stereochemistry of the products was determined to be the S-configuration by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 13g. Meanwhile, a weak negative nonlinear effect was observed. On the basis of the experimental results and previous reports, a possible mechanism was proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction.
Dynamic flow and switching bistability in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells (1997)

We investigate the switching bistability based on the interaction between dynamic flow and director rotation in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells. Numerical calculation shows that there exists a general type of bistable twisted director configuration. Two specific cases are verified experimentally.
Single Cell Oils for the 21st Century (2005)

Publisher Summary Single Cell Oils (SCOs) are defined as the edible oils obtainable from single-celled microorganisms that are primarily yeasts, fungi, and algae. This chapter provides an introductory overview to SCO and shows that current interest in their production and use has developed out of a long history of exploiting microorganisms as sources of oils and fats. Without these early endeavors, it is quite possible that none of the commercial SCO products currently on the market would have been developed as the basic understanding behind the exploitation of microbial oils would have delayed for several decades. The SCO for the 21st century deals with the quest for a Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich SCO.
Datalog: Bag Semantics via Set Semantics (2018)

Duplicates in data management are common and problematic. In this work, we present a translation of Datalog under bag semantics into a well-behaved extension of Datalog, the so-called warded Datalog^+/-, under set semantics. From a theoretical point of view, this allows us to reason on bag semantics by making use of the well-established theoretical foundations of set semantics. From a practical point of view, this allows us to handle the bag semantics of Datalog by powerful, existing query engines for the required extension of Datalog. This use of Datalog^+/- is extended to give a set semantics to duplicates in Datalog^+/- itself. We investigate the properties of the resulting Datalog^+/- programs, the problem of deciding multiplicities, and expressibility of some bag operations. Moreover, the proposed translation has the potential for interesting applications such as to Multiset Relational Algebra and the semantic web query language SPARQL with bag semantics.