gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidized LDL-Containing Immune Complexes Induce Fc Gamma Receptor I–Mediated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in THP-1 Macrophages (1999)

Our previous studies have shown that Fc gamma receptor (FcgammaR)-mediated uptake of LDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) by human monocyte-derived macrophages leads to not only transformation of macrophages into foam cells but also macrophage activation and release of cytokines. It has been shown that cross-linking of FcgammaR triggers activation of signal transduction pathways that alter gene expression in macrophages. In this study, we determined whether engagement of FcgammaR by oxLDL-ICs leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, a signaling cascade serving many important functions, including the regulation of gene expression, in THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Our results from immunoblotting, using specific anti-phosphorylated MAP kinase antibodies, showed that oxLDL-ICs induced extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) MAP kinase phosphorylation in THP-1 macrophage-like cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. Cholesterol loading before stimulation led to a longer phosphorylation of ERK2. Nuclear translocation of phosphorylated ERK was markedly increased after the stimulation. Moreover, our data showed that oxLDL-IC induction of MAP kinase was prevented by human monomeric IgG1, suggesting that the specific engagement of type I FcgammaR by oxLDL-IC is responsible for the MAP kinase activation. Finally, we showed that human anti-oxLDL autoantibody-containing immune complexes immobilized on type I collagen induced MAP kinase activation in THP-1 cells. These results strongly suggest that oxLDL-IC, which has been detected in atherosclerotic plaques, may play an important role in macrophage activation and atherogenesis.
Golden Gate Cloning (2013)

DNA assembly methods are essential tools for biological research and biotechnology. Therefore various methods have been developed to clone DNA fragments of interest. Conventional methods usually require several cloning steps to generate a construct of interest. At each step, a single DNA fragment is transferred from a donor plasmid or PCR product to a recipient vector. In the past few years, a number of methods have been developed to facilitate and speed up this process. One of these methods, Golden Gate cloning, allows assembling up to nine fragments at a time in a recipient plasmid. Cloning is performed by pipetting in a single tube all plasmid donors, the recipient vector, a type IIS restriction enzyme and ligase, and incubating the mix in a thermal cycler. Despite the simplicity of the cloning procedure, the majority of clones obtained after transformation contain the expected construct. Using Golden Gate cloning however requires the use of carefully designed donor and recipient plasmids. We provide here a protocol describing how to design these plasmids and also describe the conditions necessary to perform the assembly reaction.
Control of quantum dynamics: The dream is alive (1995)

In atomic and molecular physics, a long sought‐after dream has been the use of optical fields to steer wavepackets into desired states. The inherent mechanism of such control consists of manipulating quantum mechanical constructive and destructive interferences. Finding the proper control fields is a problem of design, best expressed in terms of control theory. An overview of the latest developments in this field will be given, along with an indication of where the subject is heading.
Discussion of analysis of simultaneously measured pressure and sandface flow rate in transient well testing (1985)

While the idea of analyzing simultaneously measured pressure and flow rate during transient well testing to determine the reservoir properties has been recognized for about 20 years, it is only in the last several years that a good deal of interest has focused on this problem. The objective of this Discussion is to clarify some basic features associated with solutions presented by Kucuk and Ayestaran. Pascal described a method of analyzing variable-rate tests by considering rate variation during the pressure drawdown test as a continuous function of time. A mathematical model was formulated in terms of a solution of the Volterra integral equation of convolution type, obtained from Duhamel's superposition principle, in which a unique pressure response corresponding to constant rate was determined analytically from variable-rate drawdown.
Liquid crystal variable optical attenuators integrated on planar lightwave circuits (2001)

Variable optical attenuators using polymer-network liquid crystal have been integrated with the pitch of 250 μm on planar lightwave circuits. Trenches are cut in the direction perpendicular to the parallel light waveguides into planar lightwave circuits, a transparent electrode is deposited inside the trenches, and the trenches are filled with polymer-network liquid crystal. The typical attenuation range is 18 dB when the driving voltage is <20 Vrms at 1.55-μm wavelength. The power consumption is estimated to be very low (200 nW/ch).
Operating limits of the current-regulated delta-modulated current-source PWM rectifier (1991)

A stand alone, three-phase, delta-modulated, current-source PWM rectifier has been built and has been shown to be capable of operating with near sinusoidal current waveforms, unity power factor. and good DC current regulation. A mathematical model that has been justified against experimental measurements and results from digital simulations is presented. The current waveform distortion limit and the asymptotic stability limit are established. It is shown that the rectifier can operate safely within these limits in the entire range of its power ratings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization and identification of essential residues of the glycoside hydrolase family 64 laminaripentaose-producing- -1, 3-glucanase (2011)

Laminaripentaose-producing β-1,3-glucanase (LPHase) from Streptomyces matensis DIC-108 uniquely catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-1,3-glucan to release laminaripentaose as the predominant product. For studying this novel enzyme, the gene of LPHase was reconstructed with polymerase chain reaction and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant wild-type enzyme and various mutants were further purified to >90% homogeneity on an ion-exchange chromatograph. The catalysis of the recombinant LPHase is confirmed to follow a one-step single-displacement mechanism with (1)H-NMR spectrometry. To determine the amino-acid residues essential for the catalysis, more than ten residues, including five highly conserved residues--Asp(143), Glu(154), Asp(170), Asp(376) and Asp(377), were mutated. Among the mutants, E154Q, E154G, D174N and D174G significantly lost catalytic activity. Further investigation with chemical rescue using sodium azide on E154G and D174G confirmed that Glu(154) functions as the general acid whereas Asp(170) serves as the general base in a catalytic turnover. This work is the first report that provides direct information for the identification of the essential residues of GH-64 through kinetic examination.
An Examination of Educational Success (2004)

As noted in the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) report, there are significant problems related to the low educational attainment of First Nations students (King 1993). Considering the enormity of the problem, an attempt is made in this paper to document the trends of successful schooling and school leaving for First Nations children and young adults. We also add to the information on elementary and high school experience, and contribute to a better understanding of the indicators of attainment, by looking at three issues related to quality: graduate rates, leaver rates, and ageappropriate achievement. These are more appropriate than indicators such as the Canadian Test of Basic Skills, which some feel are culturally biased. Instead, it centres the measures on the success or failure of the school and community. Finally, this piece articulates future avenues of research deserving of immediate attention in the area of First Nations education.
Pathogenicity, Attenuation, and Immunogenicity of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (1996)

An investigation was conducted in specific-pathogen-free chickens on the pathogenicity of bursa-derived and tissue culture-attenuated classic (STC) and variant (IN) serotype 1 strains of infectious bursal disease virus. The IN bursa-derived virus caused bursal inflammation, necrosis, and atrophy earlier than the bursa-derived STC virus. Both viruses lost their pathogenicity after four passages in BGM-70 cells. A statistically significant level (P < 0.05) of protection was observed in SPF chickens vaccinated with the attenuated IN virus used as a live or inactivated vaccine followed by homologous (IN) and heterologous (STC) challenge with bursa-derived viruses.
Real-time digital video stabilization for multi-media applications (2002)

Amateur digital video footage, shot with a hand-held camera, is characterized by visually annoying, jerky movement between successive frames. In this paper a fast and robust image stabilization technique is presented to remove the effects of unwanted camera motion while not effecting true pans or zooms. Unlike other image stabilization techniques, which are typically used as a pre-processing step to more complicated image processing operations, the proposed technique is specifically aimed at providing "visually jerk-free video" for consumer viewing. Empirical evidence suggested that a simple global translational model for each pair of successive images followed by local integration of cumulative motion is sufficient for this purpose. We use a novel technique to estimate the translational motion model which reduces the total computational burden to less than 1 computation/pixel, while providing robust jerk elimination, thus making real-time operation possible on most PC/UNIX platforms. Tests with a number of video sequences have shown the efficacy of the proposed method.
Flavodoxin is Required for Conversion of Dethiobiotin to Biotin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

We have reported [Ifuku, O., Kishimoto, J., Haze, S., Yanagi, M. & Fukushima, S. (1992) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 56, 1780-1785] the enzymic conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin (catalyzed by the enzyme encoded by bioB) in cell-free extract of Escherichia coli which had been genetically engineered for high bioB expression. An unidentified protein(s) in addition to the bioB gene product is obligatory for this reaction. We have found that this protein was precipitated from the cell-free extract with poly(ethyleneimine), and we have purified it to homogeneity by a procedure which includes ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration, and Mono Q chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of the purified protein was estimated to be about 21 kDa by SDS/PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was identical with that of E. coli flavodoxin. We conclude that flavodoxin is required for conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin in E. coli. Studies with purified flavodoxin and the fraction containing the bioB gene product suggested that protein(s) in addition to the bioB gene product and flavodoxin is also obligatory for the reaction.
Digital Image Processing (1982)

In this paper we give a tutorial overview of the field of digital image processing. Following a brief discussion of some basic concepts in this area, image processing algorithms are presented with emphasis on fundamental techniques which are broadly applicable to a number of applications. In addition to several real-world examples of such techniques, we also discuss the applicability of digital image processing to one particular field, that of medical radiography.
A Modified <i>in Situ</i> Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Haloarenes for the Preparation of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Biaryls (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Modified in Situ Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Haloarenes for the Preparation of C2-Symmetric BiarylsNeil G. Andersen, Shawn P. Maddaford, and Brian A. KeayView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 26, 9556–9559Publication Date (Web):December 27, 1996Publication History Received19 August 1996Published online27 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9617880https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9617880brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1726Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Cross coupling reaction,Isolation,Mixtures,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Roles for cytoplasmic polyadenylation in cell cycle regulation (2002)

Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNAs in the nucleus promotes their translation following export to the cytoplasm and is an important determinant of mRNA stability. An additional level of control of gene expression is provided by cytoplasmic polyadenylation, which activates translation of a number of mRNAs important in orchestrating cell cycle events in oocytes. Recent studies indicate that cytoplasmic polyadenylation may be a mechanism of translational activation that is more widespread in eukaryotic cells. Here we discuss the roles of a recently identified family of nucleotidyl transferases (encoded by the cid1 gene family) in cell cycle regulation. To date, this family has been characterised mainly in yeasts, but it is conserved throughout the eukaryotes. Biochemical studies have indicated that a subset of members of this family function as cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases targeting specific mRNAs for translation. This form of translational control appears to be particularly important for cell cycle regulation following inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Valence changes associated with the metal-insulator transition in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Bi</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2005)

Perovskite-type $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is an insulating antiferromagnet in which a charge disproportionation occurs at the Bi site. La substitution for Bi suppresses the charge disproportionation and makes the system metallic. We have measured the photoemission and x-ray-absorption (XAS) spectra of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ to investigate how the electronic structure changes with La doping. From Ni $2p$ XAS, we observed an increase of the valence of Ni from $2+$ toward $3+$. Combined with the core-level photoemission study, it was found that the average valence of Bi remains $\ensuremath{\sim}4+$ and that the Ni valence behaves as $\ensuremath{\sim}(2+x)+$, that is, La substitution results in a hole doping at the Ni sites. In the valence-band photoemission spectra, we observed a Fermi cutoff for $x>0$, consistent with the metallic behavior of the La-doped compounds. The Ni $2p$ XAS, Ni $2p$ core-level photoemission, and valence-band photoemission spectra were analyzed by configuration-interaction cluster-model calculation, and the spectral line shapes were found to be consistent with the gradual ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}$ valence change.
A reduced-sample-rate 2&#x2013;2&#x2013;0 MASH-delta-sigma-pipeline ADC architecture (2013)

In this paper, a reduced-sample-rate 2-2-0 delta-sigma-pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed architecture offers the possibility of implementing the reduced-sample-rate structure on higher order modulator without having stability or digital-to-analog converter (DAC) linearity problems. By the presented implementation approach some digital filters are eliminated, saving power at the digital part of the ADC. Implementing the reduced-sample rate structure on 2-2-0 MASH delta-sigma ADC with the OSR of 8, causes the 8-bit pipeline quantizer to work two times lower than the overall frequency at the expense of 1.5dB losses in SNR, and this is rewarding in high bandwidth applications. System level simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK verifies the usefulness of the presented structure and 70dB SNR is achieved after the first decimation.
Genetic regulation of glucoraphanin accumulation in Beneforté<sup>®</sup> broccoli (2013)

· Diets rich in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) have been associated with maintenance of cardiovascular health and reduction in risk of cancer. These health benefits have been attributed to glucoraphanin that specifically accumulates in broccoli. The development of broccoli with enhanced concentrations of glucoraphanin may deliver greater health benefits. · Three high-glucoraphanin F1 broccoli hybrids were developed in independent programmes through genome introgression from the wild species Brassica villosa. Glucoraphanin and other metabolites were quantified in experimental field trials. Global SNP analyses quantified the differential extent of B. villosa introgression · The high-glucoraphanin broccoli hybrids contained 2.5-3 times the glucoraphanin content of standard hybrids due to enhanced sulphate assimilation and modifications in sulphur partitioning between sulphur-containing metabolites. All of the high-glucoraphanin hybrids possessed an introgressed B. villosa segment which contained a B. villosa Myb28 allele. Myb28 expression was increased in all of the high-glucoraphanin hybrids. Two high-glucoraphanin hybrids have been commercialised as Beneforté broccoli. · The study illustrates the translation of research on glucosinolate genetics from Arabidopsis to broccoli, the use of wild Brassica species to develop cultivars with potential consumer benefits, and the development of cultivars with contrasting concentrations of glucoraphanin for use in blinded human intervention studies.
Labours of Harmony : unresolved issues in competition damages (2017)

In this paper three aspects that are crucial to private enforcement of competition law but nevertheless remain unresolved in the new EU regime are identified and discussed: National criteria of fau ...
Study of color-conversion-materials in chromatic-stability white organic light-emitting diodes (2007)

We have fabricated high efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with red-dye doped hole injection layer (HIL) and blue emissive layer. We investigated the carrier transport and photoluminescence efficiency in the device of single-layer HIL with different red dye species, bis(4-diphneylamino-phenyl)-perylene-3-yl-amine, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9enyl)-4Hpyran and a dopant material of fused aromatic ring (P1) provided by Idemitsu Kosan in 4,4',4"-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine with a varied concentration. It was found that 25-% wt P1 in HIL has better electro-optical characteristics. Furthermore, we have fabricated three WOLEDs of chromatic-stability with different thickness of HIL layer. High chromatic-stability CCM-WOLEDs have been achieved, which can be applied for lightening and backlight for flat panel display.
Cutting Edge: Fc Receptor Type I for IgG on Macrophages and Complement Mediate the Inflammatory Response in Immune Complex Peritonitis (1999)

The contributions of Fc receptors (FcRs) for IgG (FcgammaRs) and complement to immune complex (IC)-mediated peritonitis were evaluated in BALB/c-, C57BL/6-, FcRgamma chain-, and FcR type III for IgG (FcgammaRIII)-deficient mice, backcrossed to the C57BL/6 background. In BALB/c mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice, neutrophil migration was markedly attenuated after complement depletion. In mice lacking FcRgamma chain, neutrophil migration was abolished, whereas it was unaffected in FcgammaRIII-deficient mice. Huge amounts of TNF-alpha (TNF) were found in the peritoneal exudate of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice but were absent in mice lacking FcRgamma chain or FcgammaRIII. Surprisingly, a functional inhibition of TNF in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had no effect on neutrophil infiltration. These data provide evidence that in IC peritonitis, the activation of FcR type I for IgG on peritoneal macrophages and the activation of the complement cascade, but not the interaction of ICs with FcgammaRIII and the subsequent release of TNF, initiate the inflammatory response in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.
The assessment of insulin resistance in man (2002)

There are a number of well-established tests used to measure insulin resistance: the choice of method depends on the size and type of study to be undertaken. Although the so-called 'gold-standard' test, the euglycaemic clamp, is useful for intensive physiological studies on small numbers of subjects, a simpler tool such as HOMA is more appropriate for large epidemiological studies. It is important to be aware that most techniques measure stimulated insulin resistance whereas HOMA gives an estimate of basal insulin resistance. Caution should be exercised when making comparisons between studies due to variations in infusion protocols, sampling procedures and hormone assays used in different studies.
SpikeSEG: Spiking Segmentation via STDP Saliency Mapping (2020)

Taking inspiration from the structure and behaviour of the human visual system and using the Transposed Convolution and Saliency Mapping methods of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), a spiking event-based image segmentation algorithm, SpikeSEG is proposed. The approach makes use of both spike-based imaging and spike-based processing, where the images are either standard images converted to spiking images or they are generated directly from a neuromorphic event driven sensor, and then processed using a spiking fully convolutional neural network. The spiking segmentation method uses the spike activations through time within the network to trace back any outputs from saliency maps, to the exact pixel location. This not only gives exact pixel locations for spiking segmentation, but with low latency and computational overhead. SpikeSEG is the first spiking event-based segmentation network and over three experiment test achieves promising results with 96% accuracy overall and a 74% mean intersection over union for the segmentation, all within an event by event-based framework.