gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sound and Meaning in Auditory Data Display (2004)

Auditory data display is an interdisciplinary field linking auditory perception research, sound engineering, data mining, and human-computer interaction in order to make semantic contents of data perceptually accessible in the form of (nonverbal) audible sound. For this goal it is important to understand the different ways in which sound can encode meaning. We discuss this issue from the perspectives of language, music, functionality, listening modes, and physics, and point out some limitations of current techniques for auditory data display, in particular when targeting high-dimensional data sets. As a promising, potentially very widely applicable approach, we discuss the method of model-based sonification (MBS) introduced recently by the authors and point out how its natural semantic grounding in the physics of a sound generation process supports the design of sonifications that are accessible even to untrained, everyday listening. We then proceed to show that MBS also facilitates the design of an intuitive, active navigation through "acoustic aspects", somewhat analogous to the use of successive two-dimensional views in three-dimensional visualization. Finally, we illustrate the concept with a first prototype of a "tangible" sonification interface which allows us to "perceptually map" sonification responses into active exploratory hand motions of a user, and give an outlook on some planned extensions.
Room-temperature silver-containing liquid metal salts with nitrate anions (2013)

The synthesis, structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of fluorine-free silver-containing ionic liquids are presented. The ionic liquid cations are formed by a silver(i) ion surrounded by two 1-alkylimidazole ligands, with the counter anions being nitrate ions. Depending on the alkyl chain length, the complexes were found to be liquids at room temperature or melting slightly above this. For the solid compounds it was possible to elucidate the structure by single crystal X-ray analysis. The ionic liquids are electroactive, have good mass transport properties and can be used for the electrodeposition of silver at high current densities. The thermal properties and stability of these compounds were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The viscosity of the ionic liquids follows a Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher relationship as a function of temperature. The electrochemical properties of the complexes were tested by cyclic voltammetry and the resulting electrodeposits were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Comparative Studies on the Type-B Response Regulators Revealing their Distinctive Properties in the His-to-Asp Phosphorelay Signal Transduction of Arabidopsis thaliana (2004)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, a Histidine-to-Aspartate (His-->Asp) phosphorelay is involved in the signal transduction for propagation of certain stimuli, such as plant hormones. Through the phosphorelay, the type-B phospho-accepting response regulator (ARR) family members serve as DNA-binding transcriptional regulators, whose activities are most likely regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Based on the fact that this higher plant has 11 type-B ARR family genes, we clarified the expression profiles for all of their transcripts in plants. We constructed and characterized a series of transgenic lines, each carrying a given ARR-promoter::GUS transgene. Transcripts of some type-B ARR family genes were detected more or less ubiquitously in many organs tested, while others were expressed predominantly in reproductive organs. These ARR family members were phylogenetically classified into three sub-families, the largest of which includes the well-characterized ARR1, ARR2, and ARR11. Comparative studies were conducted focusing on ARR20 and ARR21, each of which is a representative member of an uncharacterized minor sub-family. A set of transgenic lines was constructed, in each of which a C-terminal DNA-binding domain lacking the N-terminal phospho-accepting receiver of a given ARR was aberrantly overexpressed. These resulting transgenic lines, including ARR14-C-ox, ARR20-C-ox, and ARR21-C-ox, showed characteristic anomalies during development. These results are discussed with special reference to the His-->Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in A. thaliana.
Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene through Partial Oxidation and a Water−Gas Shift Reaction in Supercritical Water (1998)

We conducted a comparative study of catalytic hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with NiMo/Al2O3 at 673 K and 30 MPa, in various atmospheres (H2−SCW, CO−SCW, CO2−H2−SCW, and HCOOH−SCW), using a tube bomb reactor. Higher conversion of DBT was obtained in CO−SCW, CO2−H2−SCW, and HCOOH−SCW than in H2−SCW. These results clearly indicate that a water−gas shift reaction in supercritical water (SCW) produces species which can hydrogenate DBT more effectively than H2 gas. We also conducted another experiment for the partial oxidation of a DBT−hexylbenzene mixture in SCW. Even in the presence of oxygen, effective hydrogenation of DBT took place. This result is probably because CO forms through the partial oxidation of hexylbenzene and converts to the hydrogenating species through a water−gas shift reaction. We think the catalytic desulfurization of heavy oils in SCW will be a promising new technology, since even by introducing oxygen or air instead of hydrogen, an excellent hydrogenating atmosphere can be supplied.
Automated vertebra identification in CT images (2009)

In this paper, we describe and compare methods for automatically identifying individual vertebrae in arbitrary CT images. The identification is an essential precondition for a subsequent model-based segmentation, which is used in a wide field of orthopedic, neurological, and oncological applications, e.g., spinal biopsies or the insertion of pedicle screws. Since adjacent vertebrae show similar characteristics, an automated labeling of the spine column is a very challenging task, especially if no surrounding reference structures can be taken into account. Furthermore, vertebra identification is complicated due to the fact that many images are bounded to a very limited field of view and may contain only few vertebrae. We propose and evaluate two methods for automatically labeling the spine column by evaluating similarities between given models and vertebral objects. In one method, object boundary information is taken into account by applying a Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) for each vertebral object. In the other method, appearance models containing mean gray value information are registered to each vertebral object using cross and local correlation as similarity measures for the optimization function. The GHT is advantageous in terms of computational performance but cuts back concerning the identification rate. A correct labeling of the vertebral column has been successfully performed on 93% of the test set consisting of 63 disparate input images using rigid image registration with local correlation as similarity measure.
On training fractionally spaced equalizers using intersymbol interpolation (1989)

The use of an intersymbol interpolation method in training fractionally spaced equalizers (FSEs) is investigated. It is shown that the optimal interpolation filter depends on the amplitude frequency response of the transmitter filter and the channel. Using a nonoptimal interpolation filter increases the stead-state mean-square error of the FSE. An interpolated complex FSE (CFSE) using a stochastic gradient, or LMS, adaptive algorithm has very little advantage over an LMS CFSE with symbol-rate updating. However, an interpolated LMS phase-splitting FSE (PS-FSE) has a convergence speed that is twice as fast as a conventional PS-FSE. Special precautions for evaluating the performance of interpolated FSEs are discussed, and a novel evaluation scheme is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE LORENZ SYSTEM AND THE CHEN SYSTEM (2002)

This paper introduces a unified chaotic system that contains the Lorenz and the Chen systems as two dual systems at the two extremes of its parameter spectrum. The new system represents the continued transition from the Lorenz to the Chen system and is chaotic over the entire spectrum of the key system parameter. Dynamical behaviors of the unified system are investigated in somewhat detail.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the upper mantle and its role in intraplate orogeny (1999)

We explore the possibility that intraplate orogeny is the result of gravitational instability of the mantle lithosphere beneath the orogenic zone. We use a two-layered system overlying a half-space to represent a low-density crust overlying a high-density lithospheric mantle overlying a reference density asthenosphere. A small harmonic perturbation is then imposed on the base of the high-density layer and the system is allowed to flow under the gravitational instability described by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Viscosity and density are uniform within the layers and Newtonian rheology is assumed. We investigate the ability of the downwelling, high-density, lithospheric layer to thicken the low-density crustal layer above the downwelling. We solve the system using two methods: a numerical solution to the full set of 2-D viscous flow equations and a linearized approximation of the early growth of the instability, valid for small deflections. For typical physical parameters, our results show that the ratio of downward displacement at the Moho to that at the base of the lithosphere is ∼6 per cent provided that the crust is weaker than the lithosphere. Our results show that a buoyant crustal layer overlying the higher-density lithospheric layer may be thickened and uplifted over a lithospheric downwelling, achieving a maximum crustal thickening factor of ∼1.4 (for typical lithospheric parameters). This is enough to thicken a 35 km crust to 50 km and produce a significant intraplate mountain range. We find that thick, buoyant continental crust causes the instability to occur at a lateral wavelength of order 300 km regardless of whether a stress-free or rigid condition is used on the upper boundary. Thin, less buoyant crust, however, allows the instability to occur at much longer wavelengths. For a stress-free upper boundary the surface deflection over the downwelling is upwards due to crustal convergence, unless the crust is very rigid (crustal viscosity >13 times mantle viscosity), in which case the surface deflection over the downwelling is down, creating a topographic depression. For detachment of the downwelling blob to occur within 30 Myr, without any external tectonic activity, an average lithospheric viscosity of ∼1021Pa s is required. Once detachment of the downwelling mass has occurred the system responds to flow driven by a thickened crust. This causes the crust to flow back to its equilibrium position and a period of extension thus follows the period of compression. Such a cycle could conceivably be repeated if the thinned lithosphere is able to thermally equilibrate, cool and thicken again after extension.
Expression of stromelysin‐3 and nm23 in breast carcinoma and related tissues (1994)

Biological functions proposed for the ST3 and nm23 genes in tumour development and progression seem to be directly opposed. Stromelysin-3 (ST3) is a putative member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. ST3 has been implicated in the progression of epithelial malignancies, specifically with regard to an invasive (and therefore potentially metastasizing) phenotype. The nm23 gene, on the other hand, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase which allegedly has a metastasis-suppressor-type function. It was therefore of interest to compare the expression of ST3 and nm23 in various surgically excised normal and neoplastic breast tissues. RNA was isolated from over 200 surgical specimens and studied by Northern blots. Normal breast tissues did not express ST3, and ST3 expression was detected in only 1 of 20 normal axillary lymph nodes. None of 7 fibroadenomas expressed ST3. In contrast, 60% of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas contained ST3-mRNA. The expression of ST3 was mainly confined to invasive carcinomas and was observed less frequently in pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. Our results support the suggestion that ST3 expression is related to the malignant process in breast cancer. The role of nm23 is far less clear-cut.
[Bone hyperresorption in multiple myeloma]. (2000)

OSTEOLYSIS AND HYPERCALCEMIA: Multiple myeloma is a type B high-grade lymphoproliferative syndrome with bone tropism. Bone-related manifestations--osteolysis and hypercalcemia--are observed in 80 and 30% of cases respectively. Excessive bone resorption subsequent to destruction of the bone matrix by osteoclasts is associated with insufficient bone formation. This process plays a determining role in the development of osteolysis and hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma patients. MECHANISM OF BONE DESTRUCTION: The reality and intensity of bone destruction is clearly demonstrated by histomorphometric studies and more recently by biochemical methods using markers of bone resorption. The excessive bone resorption results from complex interactions between tumor plasma cells, bone cells, and stem cells and involves local factors and adhesion molecules. BISPHOSPHONATES: Bisphosphonates are powerful inhibitors of bone resorption. They constitute a substantial advance in the management of bone manifestation in patients with multiple myeloma. Bisphosphonates not only have a well-established curative effect in patients with tumor-induced hypercalcemia, but also inhibit disease progression in bone.
Green Tea and Skin (2000)

The outcome of the several experimental studies suggests that green tea possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic potential, which can be exploited against a variety of skin disorders. Although more clinical studies are needed, supplementation of skin care products with green tea may have a profound impact on various skin disorders in the years to come. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:989-994
Catalytic Selective Oxidation (1993)

Selective oxidation is an active field of research, as attested by the number of international conferences centered on the subject that have been held in recent years (1-4). Although to a large extent the activity has been driven by commercial applications, the field has also attracted attention because of its scientific challenge. Compared to catalysis on metals, progress has been slower on oxides in uncovering the relationship between catalyst structure and mechanism. This is because oxidation catalysis is complex: the reactions are often intricate networks, many times occurring on traces of non-crystalline surface phases, with poorly established kinetics. Nevertheless, improvements in instrumentation and techniques have allowed a deeper understanding of the inherent processes that are involved in oxidation. This overview will not simply summarize the subject of the present conference, but will highlight important areas of research which are currently at various levels of advancement. Both commercial and scientific issues will be addressed.
Multilinear algebra for analyzing data with multiple linkages. (2006)

Abstract Not Provided
Establishment and Development of Ruminal Hydrogenotrophs in Methanogen-Free Lambs (2007)

The aim of this work was to determine whether reductive acetogenesis can provide an alternative to methanogenesis in the rumen. Gnotobiotic lambs were inoculated with a functional rumen microbiota lacking methanogens and reared to maturity on a fibrous diet. Lambs with a methanogen-free rumen grew well, and the feed intake and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations for lambs lacking ruminal methanogens were lower but not markedly dissimilar from those for conventional lambs reared on the same diet. A high population density (10(7) to 10(8) cells g(-1)) of ruminal acetogens slowly developed in methanogen-free lambs. Sulfate- and fumarate-reducing bacteria were present, but their population densities were highly variable. In methanogen-free lambs, the hydrogen capture from fermentation was low (28 to 46%) in comparison with that in lambs containing ruminal methanogens (>90%). Reductive acetogenesis was not a significant part of ruminal fermentation in conventional lambs but contributed 21 to 25% to the fermentation in methanogen-free meroxenic animals. Ruminal H(2) utilization was lower in lambs lacking ruminal methanogens, but when a methanogen-free lamb was inoculated with a methanogen, the ruminal H(2) utilization was similar to that in conventional lambs. H(2) utilization in lambs containing a normal ruminal microflora was age dependent and increased with the animal age. The animal age effect was less marked in lambs lacking ruminal methanogens. Addition of fumarate to rumen contents from methanogen-free lambs increased H(2) utilization. These findings provide the first evidence from animal studies that reductive acetogens can sustain a functional rumen and replace methanogens as a sink for H(2) in the rumen.
Searching for Extraterrestrial Civilizations (1980)

We have argued that planning for a search for extraterrestrial intelligence should involve a minimum number of assumptions. In view of the feasibility (at our present level of understanding) of using nuclear fusion to effect interstellar travel at a speed of 0.1c, it appears unwarranted (at this time) to assume that it would not occur for at least some technologically advanced civilizations. One cannot even conclude that humans would not attempt this within the next few centuries. On the contrary, the most likely future situation, given the maintenance of technological growth and the absence of extraterrestrial interference, is that our civilization will explore and colonize our galactic neighborhood.

A comparison of the time scales of galactic evolution and interstellar travel leads to the conclusion that the galaxy is either essentially empty with respect to technological civilizations or extensively colonized. In the former instance, a SETI would be unproductive. In the latter, a SETI could be fruitful if a signal has been deliberately directed at the earth or at an alien outpost, probe, or communication relay station in our solar system. In the former case, an existing antenna would probably be sufficient to detect the signal. In the latter case, success would depend on the way in which the communications were coded.

Failure to detect a signal could permit any of the following conclusions: (i) the galaxy is devoid of technological civilizations, advanced beyond our own, (ii) such civilizations exist, but cannot (for some reason which is presently beyond our ken) engage in interstellar colonization, or (iii) such civilizations are not attempting overt contact with terrestrial civilizations and their intercommunications, if present, are not coded in a simple way. To plan at this time for a high-cost, large-array SETI based on the last two possibilities appears to be rather premature.
PHOSIDA (phosphorylation site database): management, structural and evolutionary investigation, and prediction of phosphosites (2007)

PHOSIDA http://www.phosida.com, a phosphorylation site database, integrates thousands of high-confidence in vivo phosphosites identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics in various species. For each phosphosite, PHOSIDA lists matching kinase motifs, predicted secondary structures, conservation patterns, and its dynamic regulation upon stimulus. Using support vector machines, PHOSIDA also predicts phosphosites.
New strategies in anti‐vascular cancer therapy (1999)

Angiogenesis is a critical step in the progression of tumours from dormancy to a clinical relevant cancer. Inhibition of this process is one of the most promising new anti-cancer strategies. To develop new drugs that interfere with the cascade of events required for the formation of new blood vessels, insight into this process is essential. Here, we discuss the molecular basis of angiogenesis and the concepts of vascular targeting. Furthermore new strategies will be discussed to discover surface markers on endothelial cells that confer sufficient specificity for targeted intervention in the tumour vasculature.
Rectal delivery of antiinflammatory drugs. I. The influence of antiinflammatory drugs on rectal absorption of .BETA.-lactam antibiotics. (1981)

The effects of non-steroid antiinflammatory (NSAI) drugs on the rectal membrane were studied by measuring the change in the rectal absorption of ampicillin and cephalothin. All the NSAI drugs studied were found to case a remarkable enhancement of the rectal absorption of antibiotics which were not able to permeate readily through the rectal membrane in the absence of NSAI drugs. The optimum concentrations of NSAI drugs as adjuvants in triglyceride suppositories containing 10% ampicillin sodium were 1.5% for indomethacin sodium and diclofenac sodium, 5% for mepirizole, 7.5% for phenylbutazone, and 10% for sodium salicylate. These concentrations of NSAI drugs were used in a study of the promoting efficacy of the drugs as adjuvants for the rectal absorption of antibiotics. The promoting effects of adjuvants in dogs were inferior to those in rabbits. From simultaneous measurements of NSAI drugs and antibiotic, it was found that the absorption of antibiotic started at the early stages after the administration of suppositories and the peak blood level was reached while the blood concentration of NSAI drug was still increasing. From these results, it was suggested that the NSAI drugs made the mucosal barrier leaky to water-soluble antibiotics at the early stages of permeation of the NSAI drugs through the rectal membrane, and that the barrier rapidly recovered its normal properties even while the permeation of NSAI drug was continuing and a considerable amount of antibiotic still remained in the rectal cavity. Alinear correlation between the enhanced absorption of antibiotics and the antiinflammatory activity of NSAI drugs against carrageenan-induced edema was observed.
Facile Low-temperature Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of a Manganese Oxide/multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Composite for Supercapacitor Applications (2014)

<TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX>/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are prepared by chemically synthesizing <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> nanoparticles on a MWCNT film at room temperature. Structural and morphological characterization has been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). These reveal that polycrystalline <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> nanoparticles, with sizes of about 10-20 nm, aggregate to form larger nanoparticles (50-200 nm), and the <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> nanoparticles are attached inhomogeneously on MWCNTs. The electrochemical behavior of the composites is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry experiment. The <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX>/MWCNT composite exhibits a specific capacitance of <TEX>$257Fg^{-1}$</TEX> at a scan rate of <TEX>$5mVs^{-1}$</TEX>, which is about 3.5 times higher than that of the pure <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX>. Cycle-life tests show that the specific capacitance of the <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX>/MWCNT composite is stable up to 1000 cycles with about 85% capacitance retention, which is better than the pure <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> electrode. The improved supercapacitive performance of the <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX>/MWCNT composite electrode can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> nanoparticles and the MWCNTs, which arises not only from the combination of pseudocapacitance from <TEX>$Mn_3O_4$</TEX> nanoparticles and electric double layer capacitance from the MWCNTs but also from the increased surface area, pore volume and conducting property of the MWCNT network.