gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ser484 and Ser494 in REL Are the Major Sites of IKK Phosphorylation In Vitro: Evidence That IKK Does Not Directly Enhance GAL4-REL Transactivation (2008)

Human c-Rel (REL) is a member of the NF-kappa B family of transcription factors, and one of its primary physiological roles is in the regulation of B-cell proliferation and survival. Although REL is primarily regulated by cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation through interaction with I kappa B inhibitors, REL also undergoes several posttranslational modifications that have been proposed to modulate its transcriptional activation activity. For example, phosphorylation of C-terminal sequences of REL has been proposed to increase its transactivation activity. In this report, we have used immune complex kinase assays to identify Ser484 and Ser494 as the primary sites of IKK alpha- and IKK beta-mediated in vitro phosphorylation in the C-terminal transactivation domain of REL. However, in cotransfection studies in A293 cells we have failed to detect IKK beta-mediated phosphorylation of these sites on REL in vivo, nor does IKK beta appear to interact with REL in these cells. Ser-to-Ala mutation of Ser484 and Ser494 does not affect IKK's ability to enhance GAL4-REL transactivation in reporter gene assays in A293 cells. We also show that the previously reported effects of overexpressed IKK and tumor necrosis factor treatment on GAL4-REL transactivation are due to IKK-mediated activation of the endogenous NF-kappa B pathway, which increases transcription from kappa B sites in the promoter of a commonly used GAL4 expression vector. Taken together, these results do not support a role for IKK-mediated phosphorylation as means for regulating the activity of REL in vivo.
Identification and molecular characterization of the gene coding for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase II (acoD) of Alcaligenes eutrophus (1992)

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified acetaldehyde dehydrogenase II (AcDH-II) from ethanol-grown cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus was determined. By using oligonucleotides deduced from this sequence the structural gene for AcDH-II, which was referred to as acoD, was localized on a 7.2-kbp EcoRI restriction fragment (fragment D), which has been cloned recently (C. Fründ, H. Priefert, A. Steinbüchel, and H. G. Schlegel, J. Bacteriol. 171:6539-6548, 1989). A 2.8-kbp PstI subfragment of D, which harbored acoD, was sequenced. It revealed an open reading frame of 1,518 bp, encoding a protein with a relative molecular weight of 54,819. The insertions of Tn5::mob of two transposon-induced mutants of A. eutrophus, which were impaired in the catabolism of acetoin, were mapped 483 or 1,359 bp downstream from the translational start codon of acoD. The structural gene was preceded by a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The transcriptional start site 57 bp upstream of acoD was identified and was preceded by a sequence which exhibited a striking homology to the enterobacterial sigma 54-dependent promoter consensus sequence. This was in accordance with the observation that the expression of acoD and of other acetoin-catabolic genes depended on the presence of an intact rpoN-like gene. Alignments of the amino acid sequence deduced from acoD with the primary structures of aldehyde dehydrogenases from other sources revealed high degrees of homology, amounting to 46.5% identical amino acids.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Enzymatic synthesis of polymer acrylates and their evaluation as wood coatings (2009)

UV-curable acrylates are the base for a large and growing product group within the coatings industry. Traditional chemical catalysis is poorly suited for acrylation reactions since these require low temperatures to avoid polymerization. In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B has been used to efficiently acrylate four polymers through transesterification of ethyl acrylate, via a solvent-free process using continuous distillation. The four products were based on three polyesters and one polyether, which represent two major classes of acrylates used in coatings today. The performance of the products was estimated with regard to curing rate, hardness, and chemical-resistance. While each product by itself had some weakness, a combination of acrylated polyether and polyester produced an adequate curing rate, good hardness, and excellent chemical-resistance properties.
AsHSP17, a creeping bentgrass small heat shock protein modulates plant photosynthesis and ABA‐dependent and independent signalling to attenuate plant response to abiotic stress (2015)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that accumulate in response to heat and other abiotic stressors. Small HSPs (sHSPs) belong to the most ubiquitous HSP subgroup with molecular weights ranging from 12 to 42 kDa. We have cloned a new sHSP gene, AsHSP17 from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and studied its role in plant response to environmental stress. AsHSP17 encodes a protein of 17 kDa. Its expression was strongly induced by heat in both leaf and root tissues, and by salt and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing AsHSP17 exhibited enhanced sensitivity to heat and salt stress accompanied by reduced leaf chlorophyll content and decreased photosynthesis under both normal and stressed conditions compared to wild type. Overexpression of AsHSP17 also led to hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA and salinity during germination and post-germinative growth. Gene expression analysis indicated that AsHSP17 modulates expression of photosynthesis-related genes and regulates ABA biosynthesis, metabolism and ABA signalling as well as ABA-independent stress signalling. Our results suggest that AsHSP17 may function as a protein chaperone to negatively regulate plant responses to adverse environmental stresses through modulating photosynthesis and ABA-dependent and independent signalling pathways.
A<scp>ddressing</scp>I<scp>ssues</scp>R<scp>elating</scp>T<scp>o</scp>G<scp>oing</scp>‐G<scp>ongern</scp>A<scp>udit</scp>Q<scp>ualifications</scp>A<scp>nd</scp>C<scp>orporate</scp>F<scp>ailure</scp> (1995)

This study examines the incidence of going‐concern audit qualifications and of corporate failure for Australian publicly listed companies over the period 1980‐90. The analysis includes a review of annual reports for companies that attracted going‐concern qualifications but did not subsequently fail, in order to identify potential indicators of survival. The differences between the indicators noted for failed companies that had their last accounts qualified on the basis of going concern, and those of failed companies not qualified, was also examined. Other issues of interest include a comparison of going‐concern qualifications by Big Eight (Six) and other audit firms, and the extent and location of disclosure of going‐concern problems in the annual report.
Allylboration of Alkenes with Allyldihaloboranes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAllylboration of Alkenes with AllyldihaloboranesDaniel A. Singleton, Stephen C. Waller, Zongren Zhang, Doug E. Frantz, and Shun-Wang LeungView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 41, 9986–9987Publication Date (Web):October 16, 1996Publication History Received14 May 1996Published online16 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961616khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961616krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Inorganic compounds,Mixtures,Oxidation reactions Get e-Alerts
Frontier hospitals: endangered species and public policy issue. (1988)

Frontier hospitals are the most geographically remote acute care facilities in the United States, and they are rapidly becoming and endangered species. Like other small rural hospitals, especially those under 50 beds, they are experiencing considerable distress and more and more are facing the possibility of closure (American Medical Association 1985; Mullner and McNeil 1986; Van Hook 1985; Cordes and Wright 1985). Frontier hospitals play a key role in acute care, serve an important function in the recruitment and retention of physicians and health personnel, and contribute to the community's economic development. However, the local economy surrounding them may be inadequate to prevent socially undesirable facility closures. Present public policy, which is primarily based on a market approach, is incapable of addressing the problems faced by frontier hospitals. A reexamination of this does not mean that the only other option is to follow the patterns of highly regulated states such as Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut. United States health care has both competitive (market-driven) and regulatory aspects. Several other options or approaches between the extremes are explored.
Update in podocyte biology (2001)

Knowledge of podocyte biology is growing rapidly. Podocytes are crucially involved in most hereditary diseases affecting the glomerulus, which all exhibit podocyte-specific defects, that is, foot process effacement and protein leakage. Efforts to understand molecular mechanisms causing these derangements are increasingly successful and will allow a better targeting of interventions to halt the progression of chronic renal disease.
As Relações Preferenciais entre a China e a Península Malásia (II) (2011)

O presente artigo tem como tema as relações sino-malaias, um exemplo de convivência harmoniosa entre populações de origem sínicas e populações majoritariamente islâmicas.
Design of Electrocatalysts and Electrochemical Cells for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions (2018)

Abstract Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction can produce valuable carbonaceous compounds that are in significant demand, due to its ability to decrease the accumulated atmospheric CO 2 and improve the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Considering the sluggish kinetics of CO 2 reduction reaction, the multielectron–proton transfer process, and the inevitable mixed reduction products, designing efficient and robust electrocatalysts that benefit from the structure–activity relationship is the focus to promote CO 2 conversion. In this review, various metal‐based materials are first classified and discussed in terms of their structural and elemental compositions for catalytic behaviors. Afterward, the most intrinsic microstructural/electronic effects as well as the influence of compositional alteration on the catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability are summarized. Additionally, recent attempts to develop the assigned electrochemical cells are surveyed and described from a technological point of view.
The Extended Peel Zone Model: Effect of Peeling Velocity (2011)

According to the peel zone model proposed by Pesika et al. [8 Pesika , N. S. , Tian , Y. , Zhao , B. , Rosenberg , K. , Zeng , H. , McGuiggan , P. , Autumn , K. , and Israelachvili , J. N. , J. Adhes. 83 , 383 – 401 ( 2007 ).[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], the peel strength of an adhesive tape is proportional to the length of the peel zone or the bifurcation region at the peeling front between the tape backing and the substrate. In this study, the effects of the peel angle and peel velocity on the shape of the peel zone and the peel strength are further investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical analysis on the angle at the edge of the peel zone, θ0, and the peel strengths at different peel velocities and angles was compared with experimental tests using three different commercial tapes. The experimental results are in good agreement with the extended peel zone model, which provides a simple approach to predict the peel strength of adhesive tapes with different physical properties at different peel angles and velocities.
Learning to Generate Semantic Annotation for Domain Specific Sentences. (2001)

Seas of web pages in the Internet contain free texts in natural language that are only read by human beings. To be understandable for machines, these pages should be annotated with semantic markups. Manually annotating large amounts of pages is an arduous work. This has made automatic semantic annotation an urgent challenge. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning based automatic annotation approach. This approach can be trained for different domains and requires nearly no manual rules. The annotation is on the sentence level and is in RDF format. We adopt a dependency grammar – Link Grammar [2] – for this purpose. ALPHA system, a prototype of this approach has been developed with IBM China Research Lab. We expect many improvements are possible for this approach and our work may be selectively adopted or enhanced.
Protection of molecular beam epitaxy grown Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As epilayers during ambient transfer (1981)

A method for the protection of reactive compound semiconductor surfaces during transfer from a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus through ambient for further processing or experimental characterization is demonstrated for GaAs and AlAs. This method is likely to be applicable to other compound semiconductors.
Modulational Instability in Crossing Sea States: A Possible Mechanism for the Formation of Freak Waves (2006)

Here we consider a simple weakly nonlinear model that describes the interaction of two-wave systems in deep water with two different directions of propagation. Under the hypothesis that both sea systems are narrow banded, we derive from the Zakharov equation two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Given a single unstable plane wave, here we show that the introduction of a second plane wave, propagating in a different direction, can result in an increase of the instability growth rates and enlargement of the instability region. We discuss these results in the context of the formation of rogue waves.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE PAIN-RELIEVING EFFECTS OF HETEROTOPIC NOCICEPTIVE STIMULI (1984)

The nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII reflex) and the concurrent subjective pain score elicited by right sural nerve stimulation at random intensities were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. A close relationship was found between the recruitment curves of the reflex and the pain score as a function of stimulus intensity. As a consequence, the threshold of the RIII reflex (Tr) and of pain sensation (Tp) were found to be almost identical (mean: 9.8 and 11.3 mA, respectively). Similarly, the threshold for obtaining a maximal reflex response (Tmr) was found to be very close to that for intolerable pain (Tip): 33.5 and 35.1 mA, respectively. These four parameters were studied before and during the immersion of the left hand into a heated thermoregulated waterbath at various temperatures (from 40 to 47.5 degrees C). While nonnociceptive temperatures (40 to 44 degrees C) were without effect, higher conditioning temperatures induced an increase in the four thresholds. In addition, a highly significant linear relationship was observed between the increase in these thresholds and the intensity of the conditioning stimulus in the 44 to 47.5 degrees C range. These four parameters were also studied before and during three other nociceptive conditioning stimuli: immersion of the left hand into a 6 degrees C waterbath, 10 watts muscular exercise of the left hand performed under ischaemia and a painful (5.5 kg/cm2) pinch applied on the nasal septum. These three conditioning situations induced a very significant increase of the four thresholds considered in this study with the greatest being observed during nociceptive cold applied to the left hand. During all the conditioning situations, variations in Tr and Tp as well as in Tmr and Tip were found to be linearly related. This indicates a close relationship between the effects of the conditioning nociceptive stimuli on the reflex and the related pain sensation. These results suggest that the modulation of pain by heterotopic nociceptive stimuli can be explained at least in part by a depression in the transmission of nociceptive messages at the spinal level. They are discussed with reference to the counterirritation phenomena and common features with 'diffuse noxious inhibitory controls' (DNIC) are underlined.
Photovoltage scanning electron microscopy (1989)

A novel diagnostic technique utilizing secondary-electron energy analysis in a scanning electron microscope to image modulated photovoltages in semiconductor samples is reported. Contacts to the sample are not required, allowing nondestructive inspection of partially processed devices and isolated regions. Photovoltage decay following pulsed illumination, indicative of material and junction quality, can be observed. Applications to silicon on sapphire, InP, and GaAs devices are described.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Reliable Digit Span in Malingered Pain-Related Disability (2005)

The reliable digit span (RDS) performance of chronic pain patients with unambiguous spinal injuries and no evidence of exaggeration or response bias (n = 53) was compared to that of chronic pain patients meeting criteria for definite malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (n = 35), and a group of nonmalingering moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients (n = 69). The results demonstrated that scores of 7 or lower were associated with high specificity (> .90) and sensitivity (up to .60) even when moderate to severe TBI are included. Multiple studies have demonstrated that RDS scores of 7 or lower rarely occur in TBI and pain patients who are not intentionally performing poorly on cognitive testing. This study supports the use of the RDS in detecting response bias in neuropsychological patients complaining of pain as well as in the assessment of pain-related cognitive impairment in patients whose primary complaint is pain.
In vivo function of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase specifically requires a functional lipid binding site (1986)

The pyruvate oxidase of Escherichia coli is a peripheral membrane flavoprotein that is dramatically activated by lipids. The enzyme strongly binds to phospholipid vesicles in vitro. In vivo, in addition to enzyme activation, binding is thought to be important to provide access of the enzyme to ubiquinone dissolved in the lipid bilayer. It was unclear if both or either of these attributes is needed for enzyme function in vivo. To differentiate between activation and lipid binding, we have constructed, using recombinant DNA techniques, a mutant gene that produces a truncated protein. The truncated protein lacks the last 24 amino acids of the C-terminus of the oxidase (due to introduction of a translation termination codon) and thus is closely analogous to the activated species produced in vitro by limited chymotrypsin cleavage [Recny, M.A., Grabau, C., Cronan, J.E., Jr., & Hager, L.P. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 14287-14291]. The truncated protein (like the protease-derived species) is fully active in vitro in the absence of lipid, and its activity is not further increased by addition of lipid activators. Moreover, the truncated enzyme fails to bind Triton X-114, a detergent that binds to and activates the wild-type oxidase. Strains producing the truncated protein were devoid of oxidase activity in vivo. This result indicates that binding to membrane lipids is specifically required for function of the oxidase in vivo; activation alone does not suffice.
Wide-Band Resonance Isolator (1961)

A parallel-plate transmission line loaded with capacitors or high dielectric constant material along a narrow strip has a circularly polarized RF magnetic field everywhere external to the loading over a very broad band. The magnetic resonance line of a narrow linewidth ferrite was inhomogeneously broadened by a very inhomogeneous magnetic field to provide resonance absorption over a wide frequency range. A prototype structure has given better than 15 db per inch attenuation in the reverse direction over a bandwidth from 1.5 kMc to 6.0 kMc. The forward loss caused by the ferrite is about 0.2 db to 0.4 db over this range of operation.
Effect of folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiencies on 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human cerebrspinal fluid (1982)

Abstract Indoles were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from control patients, from patients suffering from folate deficiency, and from patients with vitamin B 12 deficiency. The folate‐deficient patients were classified according to whether they exhibited a neuropsychiatric syndrome, consisting of organic mental changes, polyneuropathy, and depression, which responded to folate administration. CSF 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid was low in the vitamin B 12 ‐deficient patients and in those folate‐deficient patients whose neuropsychiatric signs were responsive to folate administration, but was normal in the folate‐deficient patients whose symptoms were not related to folate deficiency. CSF 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid returned to normal with folate treatment in the patients exhibiting folate‐responsive neuropsychiatric signs. The data indicate a close association between folate‐responsive neuropsychiatric symptoms and change in 5‐hydroxytryptamine metabolism in the central nervous system.
On scalable spiking convnet hardware for cortex-like visual sensory processing systems (2010)

This paper summarizes how Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) can be implemented in hardware using Spiking neural network Address-Event-Representation (AER) technology, for sophisticated pattern and object recognition tasks operating at mili second delay throughputs. Although such hardware would require hundreds of individual convolutional modules and thus is presently not yet available, we discuss methods and technologies for implementing it in the near future. On the other hand, we provide precise behavioral simulations of large scale spiking AER convolutional hardware and evaluate its performance, by using performance figures of already available AER convolution chips fed with real sensory data obtained from physically available AER motion retina chips. We provide simulation results of systems trained for people recognition, showing recognition delays of a few miliseconds from stimulus onset. ConvNets show good up scaling behavior and possibilities for being implemented efficiently with new nano scale hybrid CMOS/nonCMOS technologies.
Clinched LED Assemblies for Automotive Signal Lighting (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Decreased packaging cost and improved performance have helped LEDs gain acceptance as light sources in automotive applications such as signal lighting. An assembly technique, SnapLED, is described that allows the creation of thin tail lamps that can be customized to conform to the shape of a particular vehicle.</div>