gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN E. VI. THE ADDITION OF DIENES TO PHENOLS AND HYDROQUINONES<sup>1, *</sup> (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN E. VI. THE ADDITION OF DIENES TO PHENOLS AND HYDROQUINONES1, *LEE IRVIN SMITH, HERBERT E. UNGNADE, HARVEY H. HOEHN, and STANLEY WAWZONEKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1939, 04, 3, 311–317Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01215a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01215a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Multimicrocomputer-based Structure for Computer Networking (1985)

This multiboard, Z80-based, X.25 DTE device achieves high data communications performance through a well-integrated hardware/software architecture.
Standardized uptake values of normal tissues at PET with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: variations with body weight and a method for correction. (1993)

SUV-Lean is a weight-independent index for blood FDG accumulation at PET and may be more appropriate than SUV for quantifying F-18 activity in tumors.
Discrimination of partial discharge type in SF/sub 6/ gas by simultaneous measurement of current waveform and light emission (2002)

An attempt was made to give experimental evidence for partial discharge (PD) physical models where the discharge type changes from streamer to leader while PDs are taking place to breakdown in SF/sub 6/ gas. The authors investigated the fundamental phase-resolved PD characteristics as well as the light emission characteristics of PD as a function of AC applied voltage and SF/sub 6/ gas pressure. The results of the light emission revealed that two kinds of luminous types, sphere like and filamentary brightness PDs, appear depending on AC applied voltage and SF/sub 6/ gas pressure. By introducing the simultaneous measuring technique of a single PD current pulse waveform and light emission at around the positive peak of the applied AC voltage, one can identify the two types of PD, streamer and leader.
Selecting the Right Correlation Measure for Binary Data (2014)

Finding the most interesting correlations among items is essential for problems in many commercial, medical, and scientific domains. Although there are numerous measures available for evaluating correlations, different correlation measures provide drastically different results. Piatetsky-Shapiro provided three mandatory properties for any reasonable correlation measure, and Tan et al. proposed several properties to categorize correlation measures; however, it is still hard for users to choose the desirable correlation measures according to their needs. In order to solve this problem, we explore the effectiveness problem in three ways. First, we propose two desirable properties and two optional properties for correlation measure selection and study the property satisfaction for different correlation measures. Second, we study different techniques to adjust correlation measures and propose two new correlation measures: the Simplified χ 2 with Continuity Correction and the Simplified χ 2 with Support. Third, we analyze the upper and lower bounds of different measures and categorize them by the bound differences. Combining these three directions, we provide guidelines for users to choose the proper measure according to their needs.
[Newly-developed catheter for cardio-renal assist during intraaortic balloon counterpulsation]. (1993)

A new catheter was developed for the cardio-renal assist during intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. The catheter consists of both a large balloon of conventional IAB (TMP balloon) located at the distal end of the catheter and an additional small balloon 10 cm distant from the large balloon with common lumen and single shaft. Experimental study was carried out in the mock circulatory system simulating the descending aorta employing a conventional IAB catheter as a control. It was demonstrated that the flow in the mid portion between both balloons could be increased maximally by as much as 28% of that of the control under the continuous flow and 214% under the pulsatile flow. The double balloon catheter was considered to improve the renal perfusion as well as the coronary perfusion.
Torsional Resonance of Drill Collars with PDC Bits in Hard Rock (1998)

Abstract Formations encountered while drilling oil and gas wells are not homogeneous. This requires drill hits to be capable of drilling the most difficult rocks in the interval rather than the "average" rock and can result in a significant penetration rate penalty for cases where a few hard streaks preclude the use of PDC bits. Bit manufactures are actively trying to improve materials and bit designs to provide more robust bits, but in many cases it appears that some type of drillstring vibration limits the use of PDC bits in these hard streaks. Extensive data from drilling tests conducted at Amoco's Catoosa test facility indicate that PDC bits are damaged very rapidly when they encounter certain hard rocks. The visual appearance of the damage suggests some type of vibration damage, but the normal cures for bit whirl and drillstring stick/slip do not seem to be very helpful. The analysis of nineteen wells where a downhole vibration sensor was run and PDC bits encountered severe damage indicates that torsional resonance of the drill collars could result in backward rotation of the bits. The observed vibration has been known to exist (in a theoretical sense), but is not recognized as a significant cause of PDC bit failure. The Catoosa drilling data shows conclusively that a wide range of PDC bits sustain this type of vibration when they drill hard rocks. Laboratory tests demonstrate that reverse rotation of PDC bits result in catastrophic Cutter failure. The evidence collected so far suggests that reverse rotation due to torsional vibration is probably the cause of the rapid damage in certain hard rocks, but this postulation has not been proven because the sensor used in the tests was not adequately sensitive to say positively that the bit rotates backwards. P. 625
Design of optimum Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm for solar panel (2011)

It is important to track the maximum power point of the Photovoltaic panel, as the electrical power supplied by solar array depends on insolation, temperature and load. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an Power electronic system that operates the photovoltaic modules to produce maximum power. MPPT varies the electrical operating point of the modules and enables them to deliver maximum available power. Normally Pulse width modulation type dc to dc conveters are used as the impedence matching between the PV arrays and loads. A new modified perturb and observation MPPT control algorithm is proposed to track the maximum power point. Unlike the control of PV voltage or current in normal P&O method the duty ratio of the dc to dc boost converter is directly controlled in the proposed algorithm. The proposed MPPT has the advantages of simplicity and high convergence speed. The algorithm is tested under various operating conditions. The obtained results have proven that the MPP is tracked even under sudden change of irradiation and loading level.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L‐citrulline and L‐arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism (2007)

Our data show for the first time that oral L-citrulline supplementation raises plasma L-arginine concentration and augments NO-dependent signalling in a dose-dependent manner.
Structural Changes in Self-Assembled Monolayers Induced by Photodimerization:  A Scanning Force Microscopy Investigation (2001)

Evidence of photodimerization-induced positional order in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is reported. Scanning force microscopy studies of SAMs of an alkylsilane with an olefinic group on a silicon surface show that the terminal alkyl chains are initially disordered but become highly ordered upon irradiation with UV light. Development of the crystalline order in the SAMs is accompanied by changes in frictional properties.
A Novel DNA Binding Motif for Yeast Zinc Cluster Proteins: the Leu3p and Pdr3p Transcriptional Activators Recognize Everted Repeats (1996)

The Gal4, Put3, and Ppr1 yeast zinc cluster proteins bind as homodimers to DNA sequences composed of palindromic CGG triplets. Spacing between the triplets specifies the target site for a given zinc cluster protein. In addition, Hap1p, another zinc cluster protein, also recognizes CGG triplets but only when oriented as a direct repeat. Unexpectedly, our results show that Leu3p, another member of this family, also recognizes CGG triplets but oriented in opposite directions and spaced by 4 nucleotides (an everted repeat or inverted palindrome: CCG-N4-CGG). This constitutes a novel DNA motif for zinc cluster proteins. Moreover, the presence of this motif was shown to be essential for in vivo activation by Leu3p of a minimal reporter containing one copy of a target site for this activator. We also provide evidence that another member of this family, Pdr3p, binds to an everted repeat spaced by 0 nucleotides (CCGCGG). Thus, our results show that three CGG motifs are used by members of the zinc cluster family: palindromes, direct repeats, and everted repeats.
Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Alkanes Catalyzed by the Vanadate Ion-Pyrazine-2-carboxylic Acid System in the Presence of Pyridine 1 (2005)

Pyridine admixtures have a slight effect on the activity and selectivity parameters in the oxidation of alkanes with the O 2 -H 2 O 2 -vanadate anion-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid reagent in acetonitrile. This feature distinguishes this reagent, which oxygenates alkanes via the mechanism involving free hydroxyl radicals, from similar systems based on iron complexes that show unusual selectivity in alkane oxidation in the presence of pyridine (Gif systems). The data obtained may indirectly indicate that free hydroxyl radicals do not directly par- ticipate in alkane functionalization with the Gif system, at least in the principal reaction route.
Direct current offset controller for transformerless single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters (2010)

Limitation of direct current (DC) injection into the alternating current (AC) network is an important operational requirement for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. One way to ensure that this requirement is met is to use a power transformer as interface to the AC network. But this adds costs, mass, volume and power losses. In a transformerless system, the inverter forming part of the PV system has to be operated so that the DC content in its output current is below the specified limits. Ideally, there should be no DC at the output of the inverter, but in practice, in the absence of special measures, a small amount of DC current is present. A technique for elimination of the DC-offset is proposed. It is based on the sensing of the DC-offset voltage at the output of the inverter. A sensor output is used to drive a feedback system designed to control the operation of the inverter so that the DC-offset is forced to stay within the acceptable limits. A mathematical model for the DC-offset controller is derived. A design procedure, based on the model, is proposed for the controller. The results of tests performed on a system of 1 kW nominal rating provide validation for the mathematical model.
Object-oriented conceptual programming based on PROT nets (2003)

The authors present PROTOB, an object-oriented computer-aided-software-engineering system based on high-level Petri nets called PROT nets. It consists of several tools supporting specification, modeling, and prototyping activities within the framework of the operational software-life-cycle paradigm. As its major application area it addresses discrete-event dynamic systems, such as process control systems and communication protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen (2011)

We demonstrate a method that allows the controlled writing of metallic patterns on the nanometer scale using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a "mechano-electrochemical pen". In contrast to previous experiments, no voltage is applied between the AFM tip and the sample surface. Instead, a passivated sample surface is activated locally due to lateral forces between the AFM tip and the sample surface. In this way, the area of tip-sample interaction is narrowly limited by the mechanical contact between tip and sample, and well-defined metallic patterns can be written reproducibly. Nanoscale structures and lines of copper were deposited, and the line widths ranged between 5 nm and 80 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. A procedure for the sequential writing of metallic nanostructures is introduced, based on the understanding of the passivation process. The mechanism of this mechano-electrochemical writing technique is investigated, and the processes of site-selective surface depassivation, deposition, dissolution and repassivation of electrochemically deposited nanoscale metallic islands are studied in detail.
Supramolecular Polymerization from Polypeptide-Grafted Comb Polymers (2011)

The helical and tubular structures self-assembled from proteins have inspired scientists to design synthetic building blocks that can be "polymerized" into supramolecular polymers through coordinated noncovalent interactions. However, cooperative supramolecular polymerization from large, synthetic macromolecules remains a challenge because of the difficulty of controlling the structure and interactions of macromolecular monomers. Herein we report the synthesis of polypeptide-grafted comb polymers and the use of their tunable secondary interactions in solution to achieve controlled supramolecular polymerization. The resulting tubular supramolecular structures, with external diameters of hundreds of nanometers and lengths of tens of micrometers, are stable and resemble to some extent biological superstructures assembled from proteins. This study shows that highly specific intermolecular interactions between macromolecular monomers can enable the cooperative growth of supramolecular polymers. The general applicability of this strategy was demonstrated by carrying out supramolecular polymerization from gold nanoparticles grafted with the same polypeptides on the surface.
Steered Microstrip Phased Array Antennas (2011)

Abstract—Beam-steering antennas are the ideal solution for a variety of system applications, including traffic control and collisionavoidance radars, smart base station antennas for WLAN and cellular communication. Beam-steering is most commonly achieved through using phased arrays, where phase shifters are used to control the relative of the main-beam. The objective of this research is to investigate and implement a phase shifter in a linear antenna array for angle scan. A microstrip antenna array is used since it is simple to design and fabricate. The phase shifter is provided using different lengths of coaxial cable. Advanced Design system Software (ADS) is used to simulate the phased array antenna. Measurements of return loss ( s 11) and radiation pattern are obtained using a network analyzer. Conclusions related to simulation and experimental results are given.
Theory Favors a Stepwise Mechanism of Porphyrin Degradation by a Ferric Hydroperoxide Model of the Active Species of Heme Oxygenase (2005)

The report uses density functional theory to address the mechanism of heme degradation by the enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) using a model ferric hydroperoxide complex. HO is known to trap heme molecules and degrade them to maintain iron homeostasis in the biosystem. The degradation is initiated by complexation of the heme, then formation of the iron-hydroperoxo species, which subsequently oxidizes the meso position of the porphyrin by hydroxylation, thereby enabling eventually the cleavage of the porphyrin ring. Kinetic isotope effect studies indicate that the mechanism is assisted by general acid catalysis, via a chain of water molecules, and that all the events occur in concert. However, previous theoretical treatments indicated that the concerted mechanism has a high barrier, much higher than an alternative mechanism that is initiated by O-O bond homolysis of iron-hydroperoxide. The present contribution studies the stepwise and concerted acid-catalyzed mechanisms using H(3)O(+)(H(2)O)(n)(), n = 0-2. The effect of the acid strength is tested using the H(4)N(+)(H(2)O)(2) cluster and a fully protonated ferric hydroperoxide. All the calculations show that a stepwise mechanism that involves proton relay and O-O homolysis, in the rate-determining step, has a much lower barrier (>10 kcal/mol) than the corresponding fully concerted mechanism. The best fit of the calculated solvent kinetic isotope effect, to the experimental data, is obtained for the H(3)O(+)(H(2)O)(2) cluster. The calculated alpha-deuterium secondary kinetic isotope effect is inverse (0.95-0.98), but much less so than the experimental value (0.7). Possible reasons for this quantitative difference are discussed. Some probes are suggested that may enable experiment to distinguish the stepwise from the concerted mechanism.
Kinetics of Radicals in CF<sub> 4</sub> and C<sub> 4</sub>F<sub> 8</sub> Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasmas (1997)

Temporal variations in densities of CF and CF 2 radicals were measured at rising phases of plasma ignition in CF 4 and C 4 F 8 electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) plasmas by infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy. It was found that CF 2 radical densities at the rising phase briefly became larger than those at the steady state in the C 4 F 8 plasma. This finding shows that the CF 2 is generated in abundance by the rapid dissociation of C 4 F 8 molecules at the discharge ignition. The variations of CF 2 and CF radical densities were demonstrated using a computer calculation to characterize the chemistry in the CF 4 and C 4 F 8 plasmas numerically. Chemical models in the CF 4 and C 4 F 8 ECR plasmas were presented based on the results obtained by the experiment and calculation. The models suggested that the higher fluorocarbons, that is C X F Y ( X ≥2), were important in the C 4 F 8 plasma as dissociation paths from C 4 F 8 molecules to CF X ( X =1–3) radicals and as polymer precursors.
Object detection from images using convolutional neural networks (2017)

Object detection is a subfield of computer vision that is currently heavily based on machine learning. For the past decade, the field of machine learning has been dominated by so-called deep neural networks, which take advantage of improvements in computing power and data availability. A subtype of a neural network called a convolutional neural network (CNN) is well-suited for image-related tasks. The network is trained to look for different features, such as edges, corners and colour differences, across the image and to combine these into more complex shapes. For object detection, the system has to both estimate the locations of probable objects and to classify these.\n\n\nFor this master's thesis, we reviewed the current literature on convolutional object detection and tested the implementability of one of the methods. We found that convolutional object detection is still evolving as a technology, despite outranking other object detection methods. By virtue of free availability of datasets and pretrained networks, it is possible to create a functional implementation of a deep neural network without access to specialist hardware. Pretrained networks can also be used as a starting point for training new networks, decreasing costly training time.\n\n\nFor the experimental part, we implemented Fast R-CNN using MATLAB and MatConvNet and tested a general object detector on two different traffic-related datasets. We found that Fast R-CNN is relatively precise and considerably faster than the original convolutional object detection method, R-CNN, and can be implemented on a home computer. Advanced methods, such as Faster R-CNN and SSD, improve the speed of Fast R-CNN. We also experimented with a geometry-based scene estimation model, which was reported to improve the precision of a previous generation object detection method. We found that with our implementation of Fast R-CNN there was no such improvement, although further adjustments are possible. Combining whole scene modelling with convolutional networks is a potential subject of further study.
Immunoassay of the adenosine deaminase complexing proteins of human tissues and body fluids. (1979)

A sensitive immunoassay for the adenosine deaminase binding protein (complexing protein) of human kidney has been developed. Impetus for the development of the assay was provided by the observations that (a) antibody to complexing protein does not react with the catalytically active adenosine deaminase monomer, and (b) binding of antibody to complexing protein does not affect the binding or catalytic activity of the enzyme monomer. Preformed immune precipitate prepared from rabbit anti-kidney complexing protein serum and goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulin serum is used to selectively insolubilize complexing protein. Quantitation is accomplished by measuring the intrinsic adenosine deaminating activity or adenosine deaminase binding capacity of the protein held in the immune precipitate. As little as 1 ng of kidney complexing protein can be accurately quantitated with the assay. The assay was used to demonstrate that complexing proteins from liver, lung, spleen, fibroblasts, plasma, and urine react with antibody to kidney complexing protein. The shared capacity to bind adenosine deaminase coupled with their antigenic similarity suggests that the complexing proteins of a number of human tissues and body fluids may be products of the same gene.