gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrates for flexible electronics: A practical investigation on the electrical, film flexibility, optical, temperature, and solvent resistance properties (2011)

Abstract Designing and developing flexible electronics requires a thorough investigation of the substrates available for the fabrication of devices. Here, we present a practical study on a variety of significant substrates: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), its heat‐stabilized (HS) derivative, HS‐PET, and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) plastic insulating films; indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated ITO/PEN and ITO/PET transparent conducting films; rigid ITO/glass and FTO/glass substrates; stainless steel and titanium foils. We put the substrates through a range of tests these actually undergo during device fabrication to determine their optical, mechanical flexibility (under different types of tensile and compressive stress bending with and without a PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer layer), solvent resistance, stability to temperature treatment (conductivity and deformation), and to UV irradiation. We highlight issues and propose solutions to improve substrate response. The results and thresholds extracted reveal limitations and windows of opportunity useful for the designer of flexible optoelectronics in determining manufacturing processes and the final applications under everyday operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Diagnosis and performance analysis of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors with static, dynamic and mixed eccentricity (2010)

Albeit permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) under static and dynamic eccentricity have been studied in few papers, so far mixed eccentricity has not been investigated. In this study, a novel index is introduced for dynamic and mixed eccentricity fault diagnosis in PMSM. This index is the amplitude of side-band components with a particular frequency pattern that is extracted from spectrum analysis of the motor torque. The index provides precise detection of the eccentricity occurrence, recognition of its type and determination of its degree. To evaluate the ability of the proposed index for the eccentricity diagnosis and estimation of its severity, first the correlation between indices, static and dynamic eccentricity degrees are calculated. The type of eccentricity is determined using k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. At the next step, a three-layer artificial neural network is employed to estimate the eccentricity degree of torque profiles based on their type of eccentricity. After all, a white Gaussian noise is added to the simulated torque and robustness of the proposed index is analysed with respect to the noise variance. Meanwhile, the spectrum analysis of the stator current in faulty PMSM under static, dynamic and mixed eccentricities is studied and the influence of these eccentricities on ohmic, hysteresis and eddy current losses of PMSM are presented. In this examination, the time-domain elemental flux density waveforms and various time-domain waveforms of motor winding currents are computed using time stepping finite element method (TSFEM) for core loss and ohmic loss calculations punctually. The accuracy of obtained simulation results is verified using experimental results.
Speech and channel coding for digital land-mobile radio (1988)

The joint development of a medium bit-rate speech coder along with an effective channel coding technique to provide a robust, spectrally efficient, high-quality mobile communication system is described. A subband coder operating at 12 kb/s is used; in the absence of channel errors, it provides speech quality comparable to current analog land-mobile radio systems. The coder design incorporates a unique coding of the side information to facilitate the use of forward-error-correction coding without the need to code the entire bit stream. The use of excessive overhead for redundancy is avoided while the harsh effects of frequent channels are mitigated. These techniques have been used in an experimental FDMA (frequency-division multiple access) digital land-mobile radio system. The combined speech and channel coder operates at 15 kb/s and provides intelligible speech at fading channel error rates up to 8%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurement of an Optical Frequency and the Speed of Light (1972)

We report the measurement of the frequency of the 633-nm red laser line. This is the first measurement of an optical frequency in the visible range without reference to the speed of light or to a measured wavelength. Combination of the optical frequency with the known wavelength yields $c$ to an accuracy higher than previously known. This method demonstrates the practicability of a single-standard time-length measurement system unified via a defined value of the speed of light.
Developmental Expression of G<sub>o</sub> in Neuronal Cultures from Rat Mesencephalon and Hypothalamus (1990)

The developmental expression of the alpha-subunit of Go was examined in neuronal cultures derived from rat mesencephalon (MES) and hypothalamus (HYP). These cultures were essentially free of contaminating glia and were maintained as a stable population for periods up to 3 weeks. Immunoblotting utilizing specific antisera against Go indicated that in neurons from both brain regions, membrane concentrations of Go increased dramatically during the first 2 weeks in vitro. Thereafter, increases in the amount of Go per neuron kept pace with increasing process (axons and dendrites) formation. Multiple forms of immunoreactive Go were detected in MES and HYP neurons, and the proportions of these forms changed between 4 and 14 days in culture. Finally, increasing neuron density significantly increased membrane levels of Go in MES but not HYP cultures.
호텔 이용 경험이 고객만족, 소비자 (2009)

본 연구는 호텔기업에서의 고객의 이용경험을 선행변수로 고객만족과 소비자-브랜드관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 연구결과를 통해 호텔기업에서의 경험에서의 중요성을 인지시키고 이에 관한 바람직한 마케팅전략방안을 제시하는데 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 각 변수에 대한 선행연구를 토대로 연구모형을 구축하고 가설을 설정하여 검정하였다. 조사는 서울시내 특급호텔 10개를 선정 하였고 인천공항의 고객들도 조사를 실시하여 분석에는 최종적으로 322개의 자료가 사용되었으며 구조모형분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 호텔이용경험은 감각적경험, 상호작용적경험, 관계적경험으로 호텔이용에서의 새로운 경험변수를 도출하였으며, 고객만족은 단일차원으로 나타났고, 소비자-브랜드관계는 개인적-브랜드관계와 상호작용적-브랜드관계의 새로운 변수로 나타났다. 가설을 검정한 결과, 호텔이용경험 중 감각적경험과 상호작용적경험은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 관계적경험은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고객만족은 개인적-브랜드관계와 상호작용적-브랜드관계에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 호텔이용경험 중 감각적경험과 상호작용적경험은 개인적-브랜드관계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 관계적 경험은 개인적-브랜드관계에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 호텔이용경험 중 관계적경험만이 상호작용적-브랜드관계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
The effect of amino acids and amino acid derivatives on cell proliferation. (1993)

The effect of certain amino acids and amino acid derivatives on cell proliferation have been studied in the author's Institute for more than 25 years. The optically active forms of arginine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid influence the growth of transplantable rat tumors. L-arginine, D-lysine, L-aspartic acid and D-glutamic acid promoted; D-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, D-arginine and L-lysine inhibited tumour growth. E-amino trimethyl-lysine (TML) stimulated cell proliferation in various cell systems (bone marrow, small intestine, cultured lymphocytes). When administered simultaneously with high doses of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristin or Doxorubicin to tumour-bearing mice, TML decreased the toxicity of the antitumour drugs, resulting in a higher rate of survivors. L-leucine methyl ester caused cell death of mouse peritoneal macrophages by inducing disruption of macrophages.
Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)/gelatin composite electrospun scaffolds with porous crater‐like structures for tissue engineering (2015)

Electrospinning has been widely used to fabricate scaffolds imitating the structure of natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, conventional electrospinning produces tightly compacted nanofiber layers with only small superficial pores and a lack of bioactivity, which limit the usefulness of electrospinning in biomedical applications. Thus, a porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin composite electrospun scaffold with crater-like structures was developed. Porous crater-like structures were created on the scaffold by a gas foaming/salt leaching process; this unique fiber structure had more large pore areas and higher porosity than the conventional electrospun fiber network. Various ratios of PCL/gelatin (concentration ratios: 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50) composite electrospun scaffolds with and without crater-like structures were characterized by their microstructures, surface chemistry, degradation, mechanical properties, and ability to facilitate cell growth and infiltration. The combination of PCL and gelatin endowed the scaffold with both structural stability of PCL and bioactivity of gelatin. All ratios of scaffolds with crater-like structures showed fairly similar surface chemistry, degradation rates, and mechanical properties to equivalent scaffolds without crater-like structures; however, craterized scaffolds displayed higher human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation and infiltration throughout the scaffolds after 7-day culture. Therefore, these results demonstrated that PCL/gelatin composite electrospun scaffolds with crater-like structures can provide a structurally and biochemically improved three-dimensional ECM-mimicking microenvironment.
Spherical aberration and coma with an aspherical and a spherical intraocular lens in normal age-matched eyes (2007)

After uneventful implantation, the aspherical IOL yielded better ocular aberration and optical quality results than the spherical IOL. Induced coma was somewhat higher in the Tecnis group; however, the overall results were not affected. Physiologic IOL decentration after correct in-the-bag implantation did not negate the advantages of asphericity.
Age Determination of the Collared Peccary by the Tooth-Replacement Pattern (1962)

In the summer of 1955, the Arizona Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit began a study of the tooth-replacement pattern of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) for the purpose of developing a technique for determining the age structure of the population. We hoped to be able, through this technique, to classify, according to age, the animals killed by hunters and also to determine the age of wild animals that are trapped for tagging studies. The present report deals only with the eruption and replacement of teeth. Studies of tooth wear in wild peccaries in the field are not yet complete. This study was carried on by the senior author from June 1955 until August 1956. The junior author with the help of numerous students has continued the study to the present. We wish to thank E. L. Cockrum and C. R. Hungerford of the University of Arizona for reading the manuscript and offering suggestions. We are grateful to J. B. Jokerst for preparing the drawing for Fig. I and to C. R. Hungerford and the following students for field assistance: B. J. Neal, T. A. Eddy, J. P. McCraren, H. G. Shaw, P. F. Senteney, L. P. McCraren, T. B. Knopp, R. D. Johnson, J. M. Welch, H. D. Irby, P. S. Minnamon, and G. I. Day. Thanks are also due to the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and especially to W. H. Woodin III, M. Koth, L. W. Walker, and H. Gras who kept animals for us at various times and gave us animals for study. L. S. Packard, A. 0. Kester, R. J. Kirkpatrick, and the late G. W. Peterson, game rangers of the Arizona Game and Fish Department, brought us animals which they had confiscated. We wish also to thank the Phoenix Zoological Gardens for permission to examine their growing animals which were later donated to the Unit.
Secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Possible new antiinflammatory agents (1995)

Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is now clearly considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of both experimental and clinical inflammatory processes. This has led academic and pharmaceutical industry researchers to expend enormous efforts to identify specific sPLA2 inhibitors to better understand the role of this enzyme in biological systems and to enable its clinical use in the treatment of inflammation and related disorders. Presented here is a brief review of the biological activity of sPLA2 inhibitors and diseases that may be postulated as their possible targets. Also discussed are problems associated with the evaluation of sPLA2 inhibitors for their selectivity and specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON ROSEOXIDE (1978)

Abstract Die Synthese von Gemischen der Isomeren (II) und (III) der Titelverbindung kann durch direkte Pb(IV)‐Oxidation von Citronellol (I) oder über eine Cr(VI)‐Oxidation von Citronellylacetat (IV), am effektivsten jedoch über eine sensibilisierte Photooxidation von Citronellol (oder Citronellylacetat) erfol‐ 98 gen.
Comparative effects of dietary administration of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene on several hepatic enzyme activities in mice and rats. (1982)

Effects of feeding mice and rats with 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), the two most commonly used food-additive phenolic antioxidants with known anticarcinogenic properties but with only minor differences in their chemical structures, have been compared to search for common effects between the two agents in two different rodent species and then applied toward better understanding of the mechanisms involved in their protective actions. In liver microsomes of treated mice, both BHA and BHT enhanced the relative activity of aniline ring hydroxylation but decreased the relative benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activities. However, in rats, although aniline ring hydroxylation activity was decreased by both compounds, the decrease of benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activity was observed only with BHT. Thus, common effects could not be recognized at the microsomal mixed-function oxidase level. Contrary to expectations based on chemical structures, BHT feeding elevated by epoxide hydrolase activity to an even greater extent than that produced by BHA, especially in rats. However, enzyme activities involved in the glucuronide conjugation system (uridine diphosphate:glucuronyl transferase, uridine diphosphate:glucose dehydrogenase, and quinone reductase) are all elevated by both antioxidants in both rodent species. With BHA treatment, the levels of acid-soluble thiols were increased in both rats and mice. However, with BHT, the level was increased only in mice but not in rats. Similar trends were produced for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but glutathione reductase activity was increased even for BHT-treated rats. Additionally, the glutathione S-transferase activities were also increased by both antioxidant treatments and in both rodent species. Based on these results, the elevations of epoxide hydrolase activity along with the enhanced glucuronide conjugation and glutathione oxidation and reduction conjugation system enzyme activities were common to both compounds in both rodent species. This suggests their involvement in anticarcinogenic mechanisms. Increases of these detoxification enzyme activities appeared to be all designed to accelerate the elimination of administered antioxidants but, inadvertantly, conferring protective effects from xenobiotics such as carcinogens.
Statewide Travel Forecasting Practice: A Critical Review (1999)

Many states are now in the process of creating or upgrading their statewide travel forecasting methods. To assist those states, a review of existing forecasting practice was undertaken. This review consisted of interviews and documents from 45 states and of articles from the literature. Passenger models, freight models, and time-series models were reviewed. In addition, statewide models were compared to the many intercity models that were described in academic literature. Little consensus was found as to what should constitute a statewide model, and states varied greatly in their approaches. Those states with complete models tended to follow an urban modeling framework and used software originally designed for urban travel forecasting, in spite of the inherent differences in scales, planning needs, and data availability. Recommendations are made on how states can improve their forecasting methods and tailor them better to statewide planning requirements.
Early detection of cardiac allograft rejection with proton nuclear magnetic resonance. (1985)

No reliable, noninvasive technique is currently available for the early detection of cardiac transplant rejection. In this study, pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used (20 MHz) to detect cardiac allograft rejection in rats. Proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), proton spin-spin relaxation time (T2), and water content were measured in both recipient and donor hearts at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after transplantation. Pathologic specimens were scored on a 0 to 4+ scale of increasing evidence of rejection by light microscopy. Three kinds of heterotopic transplants were performed for a total of 90: (1) Lewis rats received Lewis rat isografts, (2) Lewis rats received Brown Norway rat allografts, and (3) Lewis rats received cyclosporin A-treated allografts (15 mg/kg/day). T1 in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 as early as day 2 (670 + 25 vs 616 + 11 msec, p less than .001), when histologic scores were not different. T2 in group 2 was also higher than that in group 1 (48.0 +/- 5.0 vs 41.1 +/- 2.6, p less than .005). T1 and T2 in group 2 increased from day 4 and correlated well with the water content of the hearts (r = .70 and r = .75, respectively). Cyclosporin A completely suppressed the increase of T1 and T2 in group 2. Treatment with cyclosporin also suppressed the histologic rejection scores. Our data suggest that proton relaxation time measurement may be a sensitive technique for detecting the onset of rejection and examining the therapeutic effects of cyclosporin. NMR imaging, which highlights T1 and T2 separately, should provide a sensitive noninvasive means of assessing myocardial graft rejection.
Using Dynamic Decision Networks and Extended Fault Trees for Autonomous FDIR (2011)

We address the problem of defining the behavior of an autonoumous FDIR (Fault Detection, Identification and Recovery) agent (e.g. a space rover), in presence of uncertainty and partial observability, we show how a Dynamic Decision Network (DDN) can be built through a fault analysis phase by producing an Extended Dynamic Fault Tree (EDFT). In this fault tree extension, several modeling features are introduced: a generalization of Boolean components to multi-state components, general stochastic dependencies among components, and finally external actions on the system as well as controllable actions triggered by the system itself. We discuss how EDFT can be adopted as a formal modeling language (familiar to reliability engineers), then compiled into a DDN for the FDIR analysis through standard inference algorithms.
What helps where &#x2013; and why? Semantic relatedness for knowledge transfer (2010)

Remarkable performance has been reported to recognize single object classes. Scalability to large numbers of classes however remains an important challenge for today's recognition methods. Several authors have promoted knowledge transfer between classes as a key ingredient to address this challenge. However, in previous work the decision which knowledge to transfer has required either manual supervision or at least a few training examples limiting the scalability of these approaches. In this work we explicitly address the question of how to automatically decide which information to transfer between classes without the need of any human intervention. For this we tap into linguistic knowledge bases to provide the semantic link between sources (what) and targets (where) of knowledge transfer. We provide a rigorous experimental evaluation of different knowledge bases and state-of-the-art techniques from Natural Language Processing which goes far beyond the limited use of language in related work. We also give insights into the applicability (why) of different knowledge sources and similarity measures for knowledge transfer.
Microdeletions at chromosome bands 1q32-q41 as a cause of Van der Woude syndrome (1999)

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising cleft lip and/or cleft palate and lip pits. We reported previously a family whose underlying mutation is a 500-800 kb deletion localized to chromosome bands 1q32-q41 [Sander et al., 1994: Hum Mol Genet 3:576-578]. Along with cleft lip/palate and lip pits, affected relatives exhibit developmental delays, suggesting that the function of a gene nearby may also be disrupted. To further localize the VWS gene we searched for other deletions that cause VWS. An allele loss assay was performed using a novel highly polymorphic marker, D1S3753. From a panel of 37 unrelated individuals, we detected an allele loss in one family, indicating the presence of a deletion. In this family, the phenotype in three generations of affected individuals was confined to the cardinal signs of VWS. Surprisingly, mapping of the new deletion showed that it extended 0.2-1 Mb beyond the proximal breakpoint for the deletion described previously. No deletions were detected in seven cases of popliteal pterygia syndrome, 76 cases of mixed syndromic forms of cleft lip and palate, and 178 cases of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. These observations suggest that genetic searches for microdeletions should be routine in screening patients for causes of VWS and may facilitate the positional cloning efforts of the VWS gene and of a nearby gene or genes that may be involved in brain development.
Protection of cysteine and histidine by the diphenyl-4-pyridylmethyl group during peptide synthesis (1976)

The diphenyl-4-pyridylmethyl group provides acid-stable protection of the thiol group of cysteine and the imidazole-nitrogen of histidine; it is removed by reductive methods (including electrolytic reduction) and from thiols by mercury(II) acetate and by iodine.
Update in the Epidemiology of Proximal Humeral Fractures (2006)

Prognostic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Flow‐assisted allergy diagnosis: current applications and future perspectives (2006)

Physicians predominantly rely upon quantification of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and/or skin test to confirm clinically suspected IgE-mediated allergy. However, for various reasons, identification of the offending allergen(s) and potentially cross-reactive structures is not always straightforward. Flow-assisted allergy diagnosis relies upon quantification of alterations in the expression of particular basophilic activation markers. Actually, upon challenge with a specific allergen, basophils not only secrete quantifiable bioactive mediators but also upregulate the expression of different markers which can be detected efficiently by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. Currently, the technique has been applied in the investigation of IgE-mediated allergy caused by classical inhalant allergens, food, Hevea latex, hymenoptera venoms and drugs. It is also appreciated; the technique proves valuable in the diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated (anaphylactoid) reactions such drug hypersensitivity and the detection of autoantibodies in certain forms of chronic urticaria. This review will not address immunologic features, characteristics and general pitfalls of flow-assisted analysis of in vitro-activated basophils as summarized elsewhere. After a recapitulation of the principles and some specific technical issues of flow-assisted analysis of in vitro-activated basophils, we principally focus on the current clinical and research applications of the basophil activation tests. Personal experience of both research groups is provided, where appropriate. Finally, a viewpoint on how the field might evolve in the following years is provided.