gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic, spatial routing for hypergraphs, trees, and meshes (2003)

FPGA place and route is time consuming, often serving as the major obstacle inhibiting a fast edit-compile-test loop in prototyping and development and the major obstacle preventing late-bound hardware and design mapping for reconfigurable systems. Previous work showed that hardware-assisted routing can accelerate fanout-free routing on Fat-Trees by three orders of magnitude with modest modifications to the network itself. In this paper, we show how these techniques can be applied to any FPGA and how they can be implemented on top of LUT networks in cases where modification of the FPGA itself is not justified. We further show how to accommodate fanout and how to achieve comparable route quality to software-based methods. For a tree network, we estimate an FPGA implementation of our routing logic could route the Toronto Place and Route Benchmarks at least two orders of magnitude faster than a software Pathfinder while achieving within 3% of the aggregate quality. Preliminary results on small mesh benchmarks achieve within one track of vpr-fast.
Cross-talk correction methodology for color CMOS imagers (2005)

A pixel signal cross-talk correction method that utilizes knowledge of a color image sensor's performance characteristics is presented. The objective is to create a simple, non-iterative algorithm that can be implemented in the on-chip digital logic of an imaging sensor. Inverse cross-talk Bayer color filter array pattern filters are determined for the blurring, multi-channel, cross-channel problem. Simple noise and cross-talk models are developed and used to solve for the corrective deconvolution filters. The noise statistics used have both signal independent and dependent components, and include the noise associated with cross-talk. The methodology is independent of image statistics. The inverse filters are found by solving a set of simultaneous linear equations in the discrete Fourier frequency domain. A direct deterministic regularization method with constrained least squares is then used to solve the ill-posed problem. The local pixel blurred signal-to-noise ratio is used as the regularization parameter. This yields an inverse blur filter weighted by a local scalar noise filter. The resulting method provides a locally adaptive trade-off between cross-talk correction and noise smoothing. Algorithm performance is compared with the standard 3x3 matrix color correction method for image mean square error, color error, flat SNR, and modulation transfer function.
CINE INTERNACIONAL GRATUITO EN VARIAS SEDES DE LA UNAM (2008)

POR PRIMERA VEZ SE REALIZA EN CIUDAD MEXICO SEMANA INTERNACIONAL CINE. HASTA 26 OCTUBRE SE PRESENTAN 75 PELICULAS, ENTRE LARGOMETRAJES, CORTOMETRAJES Y CINE TRANSGRESION. FESTIVAL, ORGANIZADO POR LEONOR MAGENTIES, DIRECTORA GENERAL ARGENMEX, SE EXHIBE EN DIVERSOS FOROS DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL Y UNAM; EN ESTA ULTIMA SALA LUMISRE CASA DEL LAGO JUAN JOSE ARREOLA, CINEMATOGRAFO DEL CHOPO Y AUDITORIO DEL CUEC. OTROS ESPACIOS SON: ANGELA PERALTA, MANUEL M. TORRES DEL IPN, CENTRO CULTURAL ESPANA, INSTITUTO ITALIANO CULTURA EN MEXICO, CENTRO CULTURAL MAGDALENA CONTRERAS, CCC Y ESCUELA ARTES AUDIOVISUALES, ASI COMO AL AIRE LIBRE EN ALGUNOS PARQUES PUBLICOS. ACUERDO CON LOS ORGANIZADORES, DICHO CICLO TIENE PROPOSITO ILUSTRAR, DESDE DIFERENTES PERSPECTIVAS, REALIDAD ACTUAL ESTE MUNDO CONTROVERSIAL: INCOMUNICACION, DESEQUILIBRIO EN PAREJA, SOLEDAD, POLITICA Y GLOBALIZACION, ENTRE OTROS TOPICOS. PROGRAMA INCLUYE FILMES COMO CAOTICA ANA, ULTIMA PELICULA JULIO MEDEM (ESPANA); BARCELONA UN MAPA, VENTURA PONS (ESPANA); CYRANO FERN NDEZ, ALBERTO ARVELO (ESPANA/VENEZUELA); JAPON JAPON, LIOR SHAMRIZ (ISRAEL); OM SHANTI OM, FARAH KHAN (INDIA); LA TRAMPA, SRDAN GOLUBOVIC (SERBIA); DE ACUERDO CON PLAN Y EL JUEGO LLAMADA (AMBAS ALEMANIA); LA IDEOLOGIA JUCHE (ESTADOS UNIDOS); SIETE DIAS (COREA), LA CLASE (ESTONIA), Y + 4 (IR N). PARALELAMENTE, SEMANA INTERNACIONAL CINE CIUDAD MEXICO LANZO UNA CONVOCATORIA PARA PARTICIPAR EN CONCURSO LARGOMETRAJE Y CORTOMETRAJE FICCION Y DOCUMENTALES. SELECCION DEL MATERIAL REALIZO UN JURADO PRESIDIDO POR CINEASTA ARMANDO CASAS, DIRECTOR DEL CUEC. ASIMISMO, FESTIVAL INCLUYE SECCION CINE PARA MOVILES, EN CUAL SE ELIGIR N LOS 10 MEJORES TRABAJOS FILMADOS A PARTIR UN TELEFONO CELULAR. CICLO CONTAR  CON CINEASTAS INVITADOS COMO FILIPINO BRILLANTE MENDOZA, QUIEN PRESENTAR  SUS ULTIMAS PELICULAS: TIRADOS Y FOSTER CHILD; VENEZOLANO ALBERTO ARVELO, LIOR SHAMRIZ, ADEM S DEL ITALIANO CORSO SALANI, CON SUS DOCUMENTALES TALSI E IMATRA, AMBOS FORMAN PARTE SERIE FRONTERAS EUROPA. ASIMISMO, SE EXHIBIR  UNA RETROSPECTIVA MICHELANGELO ANTONIONI, CON LAS PELICULAS BLOW UP, EL ECLIPSE, EL DESIERTO ROJO Y EROS, SU ULTIMA REALIZACION. ENTRADA ES GRATUITA. PARA MAYOR INFORMACION CONSULTAR P GINA WWW.ARGENMEX-FILMFESTIVAL.COM.
Version control in the Inscape environment (1987)

We present the important issues to be considered in version control mechanisms and characterize and compare the kinds of version control systems extant in current programming environments. We then characterize Inscape's version control mechanism. Invariant, and show that it makes several significant advances in the state of the art. Using Instress (Inscape's module interface specification language) specifications, Invariant provides a better understanding of the notion of parallel versions, a more comprehensive notion of version consistency, and a more flexible method of system composition than current mechanisms. In particular, Invariant provides a formalization of the notions of version equivalence and compatibility that correspond closely with our intuitive (and practical) notions of version equivalence and compatibility. These various forms of version compatibility provide the system builder with the concept of plug-compatibility — an extremely useful facility in composing systems from component parts.
Optimising the operation of a MBR pilot plant by quantitative analysis of the membrane fouling mechanism (2005)

In order to optimize some operational conditions of MBR systems, a MBR pilot plant equipped with a submerged hollow fibre membrane module was employed in this study. The pilot MBR was fed with real municipal wastewater and the filtration flux, backwashing interval, aeration frequency and temperature were varied. A filtration flux below 25 I/m2h is generally recommended, at below this flux, the MBR operated at sub-critical flux conditions, the filter cake was minimized and membrane fouling was mainly attributed to the membrane pore blocking. Moreover, the membrane fouling, at below 25 I/m2h, was more reversible to backwashing; above this value, backwashing became less efficient to clean the membrane. Less frequent backwashing (e.g. 600 s filtration/45 s backwashing) decreased the amount of fouling irreversible to backwashing and its performance was superior to that of frequent backwashing (e.g. 200 s filtration/15 s backwashing). The MBR suffered more fouling at low temperature conditions (e.g. at 13-14 degrees C) than at high temperature conditions (e.g. at 17-18 degrees C). A conceptual model was built up and successfully interpreted this temperature effect.
Manufacturability of capacitively coupled multichip modules (1994)

Capacitive coupling of off-chip interconnects offers a number of advantages, including low manufacturing and repair costs, dense form factors, low power, high speed, extremely high junction pitch, and easy testing. In this paper, we review and compare the practicalities of conductive and capacitive coupling, and discuss novel issues of manufacturability and materials optimization for capacitively coupled electronic packages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Stastistical Analysis of Cointegration for I(2) Variables (1995)

This paper discusses inference for I(2) variables in a VAR model. The estimation procedure suggested consists of two reduced rank regressions. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators of the cointegrating coefficients is mixed Gaussian, which implies that asymptotic inference can be conducted using the χ 2 distribution. It is shown to what extent inference on the cointegration ranks can be conducted using the tables already prepared for the analysis of cointegration of I(1) variables. New tables are needed for the test statistics to control the size of the tests. This paper contains a multivariate test for the existence of I(2) variables. This test is illustrated using a data set consisting of U.K. and foreign prices and interest rates as well as the exchange rate.
Simulating Large Quantum Circuits on a Small Quantum Computer (2020)

Limited quantum memory is one of the most important constraints for near-term quantum devices. Understanding whether a small quantum computer can simulate a larger quantum system, or execute an algorithm requiring more qubits than available, is both of theoretical and practical importance. In this Letter, we introduce cluster parameters K and d of a quantum circuit. The tensor network of such a circuit can be decomposed into clusters of size at most d with at most K qubits of inter-cluster quantum communication. We propose a cluster simulation scheme that can simulate any (K,d)-clustered quantum circuit on a d-qubit machine in time roughly 2^{O(K)}, with further speedups possible when taking more fine-grained circuit structure into account. We show how our scheme can be used to simulate clustered quantum systems-such as large molecules-that can be partitioned into multiple significantly smaller clusters with weak interactions among them. By using a suitable clustered ansatz, we also experimentally demonstrate that a quantum variational eigensolver can still achieve the desired performance for estimating the energy of the BeH_{2} molecule while running on a physical quantum device with half the number of required qubits.
User Scheduling for Heterogeneous Multiuser MIMO Systems: A Subspace Viewpoint (2011)

In downlink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems, users are practically heterogeneous. However, many existing user-scheduling algorithms are designed with an implicit assumption that users are homogeneous. In this paper, we revisit the problem by exploring the characteristics of heterogeneous users from a subspace viewpoint. With an objective of minimizing interference nonorthogonality among users, three new angular-based user-scheduling criteria are proposed. While the first criterion is heuristically determined by identifying the incapability of the largest principal angle to characterize subspace correlation and, hence, interference nonorthogonality between users, the second and third criteria are derived by using the sum rate capacity bounds with block diagonalization and the change in capacity by adding a new user into an existing user subset, respectively. Aiming to capture fairness among heterogeneous users while maintaining multiuser diversity gain, two new hybrid user-scheduling algorithms, whose computational complexities are only linearly proportional to the number of users, are proposed. We show by simulations the effectiveness of our proposed user-scheduling criteria and algorithms with respect to those commonly used in a homogeneous environment.
[<sup>18</sup>F]FPyKYNE, a fluoropyridine‐based alkyne reagent designed for the fluorine‐18 labelling of macromolecules using click chemistry (2008)

Abstract FPyKYNE (2‐fluoro‐3‐pent‐4‐yn‐1‐yloxypyridine) is a novel fluoropyridine‐based structure, designed for the fluorine‐18 labelling of macromolecules using copper‐catalysed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry). FPyKYNE (non‐labelled as reference), as well as the 2‐bromo, 2‐nitro and 2‐trimethylammonium analogues (as precursors for labelling with fluorine‐18), was synthesized in 44, 95, 60 and 41%, respectively, from commercially available 5‐chloropent‐1‐yne and the appropriate 2‐substituted‐3‐hydroxypyridines. [ 18 F]FPyKYNE was synthesized in one single radiochemical step by reaction of no‐carrier‐added K[ 18 F]F‐Kryptofix ® 222 (DMSO, 165°C, 3–5 min) followed by C‐18 SepPak cartridge pre‐purification and finally semi‐preparative HPLC purification on a Hewlett Packard SiO 2 Zorbax ® Rx‐SIL. Using the 2‐nitropyridine or the pyridin‐2‐yltrimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulphonate precursor for labelling (30 and 10 µmol, respectively), incorporation yields up to 90% were observed and 7.0–8.9 GBq (190–240 mCi) of [ 18 F]FPyKYNE ([ 18 F]‐1) could be isolated within 60–70 min (HPLC purification included), starting from a 37.0 GBq (1.0 Ci) [ 18 F]fluoride batch (overall decay‐corrected and isolated yields: 30–35%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular regulation of protein degradation during sepsis is different in fast- and slow-twitch muscle (1997)

We tested the hypothesis that the difference in the response to sepsis of protein breakdown between fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle reflects differential activation of the energy-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. In addition, we defined the time course and the tissue specificity of sepsis-induced changes in the expression of the ubiquitin pathway. Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture; control rats were sham operated. Energy-dependent protein breakdown was measured in incubated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles. Ubiquitin mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot analysis. Sepsis resulted in increased energy-dependent protein breakdown and upregulated expression of ubiquitin mRNA in the fast-twitch EDL but not in the slow-twitch soleus muscle. The sepsis-induced increase in ubiquitin mRNA levels in the EDL muscle was noticeable before the increase in energy-dependent protein breakdown. Sepsis increased ubiquitin mRNA levels in the diaphragm (a mixed fiber-type muscle) but not in heart, liver, kidney, or intestine, consistent with a tissue-specific regulation of the ubiquitin system during sepsis. The results suggest that the difference in protein breakdown during sepsis between fast- and slow-twitch muscles reflects differential activation of the energy-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. The data also suggest that the expression of the ubiquitin pathway is upregulated in a time-dependent fashion during sepsis and that this response is not a generalized phenomenon but is tissue specific.
Inferring Crowd Conditions from Pedestrians' Location Traces for Real-Time Crowd Monitoring during City-Scale Mass Gatherings (2012)

There is a need for event organizers and emergency response personnel to detect emerging, potentially critical crowd situations at an early stage during city-wide mass gatherings. In this work, we introduce and describe mathematical methods based on pedestrian-behavior models to infer and visualize crowd conditions from pedestrians' GPS location traces. We tested our approach during the 2011 Lord Mayor's Show in London by deploying a system able to infer and visualize in real-time crowd density, crowd turbulence, crowd velocity and crowd pressure. To collection location updates from festival visitors, a mobile phone app that supplies the user with event-related information and periodically logs the device's location was distributed. We collected around four million location updates from over 800 visitors. The City of London Police consulted the crowd condition visualization to monitor the event. As an evaluation of the usefulness of our approach, we learned through interviews with police officers that our approach helps to assess occurring crowd conditions and to spot critical situations faster compared to the traditional video-based methods. With that, appropriate measure can be deployed quickly helping to resolve a critical situation at an early stage.
Isolation of a Variant Endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus: Non-productive Exogenous Infection with Endogenous Viruses Containing p27 and p27  (1988)

Ten replication-competent endogenous avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) with subgroup E specificity were isolated from six commercial chicken lines of mixed breed. All the ALVs isolated belonged to a variant class of endogenous viruses with a major group-specific antigen, p27, identical in size to that of exogenous viruses and different from the p27 degrees of endogenous viruses isolated from White Leghorn chickens. It was possible to infect chickens exogenously with endogenous viruses (containing p27) and with Rous-associated virus type 0 (containing p27 degrees) but infection was non-productive. Congenital transmission and shedding did not occur in chickens infected with endogenous viruses containing p27 degrees or in chickens infected with endogenous viruses containing p27. Restriction of endogenous virus replication in some tissues (heart, spleen and meconia) of viraemic chickens was observed suggesting that exogenous infection of chickens with endogenous viruses differs from an infection with exogenous ALVs.
Estimation of inelastic mean free paths for polymers and other organic materials: use of quantitative structure–property relationships (2001)

Abstract Inelastic mean free path values are needed for quantitative XPS analysis of a range of important polymers and other organic materials. Measured reference data are limited, although some semi‐empirical equations to estimate IMFP are available. Existing estimation methods often require values for such quantities as the bandgap (in electron‐volts) or the density, for which accurate measurements may not be available. Here we develop a scheme for estimation of the IMFP that can be applied across a range of organic structures for kinetic energies of ∼200–2000 eV. This involves a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR), which allows the IMFP to be estimated for any organic material from its structural formula alone, either via a straightforward calculation on paper or instantly using one of a number of commercial molecular‐modelling software packages. The accuracy of this IMFP estimate is better than existing methods, such as the TPP‐2M equation for organic materials. In the majority of analytical problems involving surface analysis in chemistry or biochemistry, the structural formula of the organic material is known or can be conjectured with reasonable confidence, so that the approach described here is more widely applicable in practise and likely to be more accurate than previous methods for estimating the IMFP in organic materials. © Crown Copyright 2001 Reproduced by permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Functional Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases Differentially Expressed by Variants of Human HT-1080 Fibrosarcoma Exhibiting High and Low Levels of Intravasation and Metastasis (2007)

The role of tumor-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) in cancer cell dissemination was analyzed by employing two variants of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, HT-hi/diss and HT-lo/diss, which differ by 50-100-fold in their ability to intravasate and metastasize in the chick embryo. HT-hi/diss and HT-lo/diss were compared by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analyses for mRNA and protein expression of nine MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -13, and -14) and three TIMPs (TIMP-1, -2, and -3) in cultured cells in vitro and in primary tumors in vivo. MMP-1 and MMP-9 were more abundant in the HT-hi/diss variant, both in cultures and in tumors, whereas the HT-lo/diss variant consistently expressed higher levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 increased intravasation of HT-lo/diss cells. Coordinately, treatment of the developing HT-hi/diss tumors with recombinant TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 significantly reduced HT-hi/diss cell intravasation. However, a substantial increase of HT-hi/diss dissemination was observed upon small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of three secreted MMPs, including the interstitial collagenase MMP-1 and the two gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, but not the membrane-tethered MMP-14. The addition of recombinant pro-MMP-9 protein to the HT-hi/diss tumors reversed the increased intravasation of HT-hi/diss cells, in which MMP-9 was stably down-regulated by short hairpin RNA interference. This rescue did not occur if the pro-MMP-9 was stoichiometrically complexed with TIMP-1, pointing to a direct role of the MMP-9 enzyme in regulation of HT-hi/diss intravasation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that tumor-derived MMPs may have protective functions in cancer cell intravasation, i.e. not promoting but rather catalytically interfering with the early stages of cancer dissemination.
Three-dimensional acoustic lenses with axial symmetry (2010)

In this paper a technique to design three dimensional (3D) devices to focus acoustic waves composed of scattering elements is proposed. The devices are designed and optimized in two dimensions (2D) with the help of a genetic algorithm and the 2D multiple scattering formalism. The transition from 2D to 3D is made by applying a rotation operation to the optimized design, thus passing from a set of 2D circular scatters to their equivalent 3D concentric rings of circular section and finite dimensions, considerably improving its performance. The method has been applied to the design and theoretical characterization of a single-focus acoustic lens and a tunable lens capable of changing the focal length with frequency. A prototype lens was fabricated using aluminum rings clamped to a rigid frame, obtaining a good agreement between theory and experiment.
“[Cp<sup>*</sup>CoCoCp<sup>*</sup>]” is a Hydride (1992)

The supposed synthesis of the cobalt complex [Cp * CoCoCp * ] was in the spotlight at the end of last year ( Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30 , 1124). But the compound described at that time is actually the mixed‐valent cobalt hydride 2 . The reaction of the dinuclear complex 1 with LiAlH 4 yields two paramagnetic cobalt complexes ( 2 and 3 ), which have been fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods, as well as by protonation and carbonylation. See also the Corrigendum on p. 1392. equation image
Tumor suppression and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma mediated by a genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter-q11. (1996)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. Yet, despite a large international effort, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this devastating disease. Prostate secretory epithelial cells and androgen-dependent prostate carcinomas undergo apoptosis in response to androgen deprivation and, furthermore, most prostate carcinomas become androgen independent and refractory to further therapeutic manipulations during disease progression. Definition of the genetic events that trigger apoptosis in the prostate could provide important insights into critical pathways in normal development as well as elucidate the perturbations of those key pathways in neoplastic transformation. We report the functional definition of a novel genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter-q11 that mediates both in vivo tumor suppression and in vitro apoptosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. A defined fragment of human chromosome 10 was transferred via microcell fusion into a prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. Microcell hybrids containing only the region 10pter-q11 were suppressed for tumorigenicity following injection of microcell hybrids into nude mice. Furthermore, the complemented hybrids undergo programmed cell death in vitro via a mechanism that does not require nuclear localization of p53. These data functionally define a novel genetic locus, designated PAC1, for prostate adenocarcinoma 1, involved in tumor suppression of human prostate carcinoma and furthermore strongly suggest that the cell death pathway can be functionally restored in prostatic adenocarcinoma.