gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymers: Past Successes and Future Challenges (2003)

Abstract Block copolymers are the focus of a great deal of research activity in contemporary macromolecular science. This is attributable to a range of fascinating fundamental issues associated with understanding self‐assembly processes in both solution and in bulk, coupled to an adventitious convergence of substantial progress in synthetic versatility, developments in molecular and structural characterization, understanding of the factors that control phase behavior, and elucidation of the response of copolymer materials to external fields. It is argued that due to the rapid progress in these areas block copolymers now stand on the verge of a new generation of sophisticated materials applications, in which particular nanostructures will play a crucial role. This may be contrasted with the current billion dollar annual market for block copolymer materials, in which no substantial advantage is taken of any particular nanostructure. A variety of persistent challenges are identified that stand between block copolymers and widespread success in novel applications; foremost amongst these are issues concerned with processing.
Weight management in obesity – past and present (2016)

In the last two decades, several new and emerging therapies have been approved or are in development to provide safe, long-term pharmacological agents for the treatment of obesity.
Design criteria for Amplifying Gates on triode thyristors (1974)

Amplifying Gate Thyristors are thyristors with an auxiliary thyristor integrated between the gate and main thyristor in order to enhance uniformity of turn-on and, hence, di/dt capability. In order to obtain the full benefits of enhanced di/dt capability, thyristors should be designed to turn on at the auxiliary thyristor, rather than the main thyristor in all the following conditions: 1) gate turn-on, 2) dv/dt triggering, and 3) forward blocking voltage breakover. Further, proper turn-on for the latter two conditions should occur for an external gate to cathode impedance that may be experienced in application. We have established models for calculating the maximum potential of both the auxiliary and main thyristors as a function of device design parameters, including topological geometries, resistivities of the various regions, junction depths and basewidths. A computer program was designed for determining the current distributions and potentials as a function of external gate to cathode impedance.
DNA-induced chirality in water-soluble poly(cobaltoceniumethylene) (2012)

Poly(cobaltoceniumethylene), a water-soluble cationic metal-containing polyelectrolyte, adopts a chiral structure when bound electrostatically to DNA.
An FFT-Based DS-SS Signal Acquisition Algorithm Research (2008)

Demands on acquisition capability of spectrum signal receiver in direct spread spectrum system (DS-SS) is increasing. This paper presents an acquisition strategy of PN (pseudo noise) code for spectrum signal receiver in highly dynamic and low signal-noise ratio (SNR). An algorithm based on radix-2 FFT is applied. Four re-sampling methods i.e. zero-padding, near-fetching interpolation, linear-interpolation and sinc-interpolation are studied. In order to acquire the PN code under low SNR environment, we developed an algorithm of PN code correlation power integrated on multiple periods and give concrete illustrations aimed at the required system, which is testified to be effective for weak signal acquisition in DS-SS application.
Canine Feces as a Reservoir of Extraintestinal Pathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

To test the canine reservoir hypothesis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), 63 environmental canine fecal deposits were evaluated for the presence of ExPEC by a combination of selective culturing, extended virulence genotyping, hemagglutination testing, O serotyping, and PCR-based phylotyping. Overall, 30% of canine fecal samples (56% of those that yielded viable E. coli) contained papG-positive E. coli, usually as the predominant E. coli strain and always possessing papG allele III (which encodes variant III of the P-fimbrial adhesin molecule PapG). Multiple other virulence-associated genes typical of human ExPEC were prevalent among the canine fecal isolates. According to serotyping, virulence genotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, over 50% of papG-positive fecal E. coli could be directly correlated with specific human clinical isolates from patients with cystitis, pyelonephritis, bacteremia, or meningitis, including archetypal human ExPEC strains 536, CP9, and RS218. Five canine fecal isolates and (clonally related) archetypal human pyelonephritis isolate 536 were found to share a novel allele of papA (which encodes the P-fimbrial structural subunit PapA). These data confirm that ExPEC representing known virulent clones are highly prevalent in canine feces, which consequently may provide a reservoir of ExPEC for acquisition by humans.
Effects of sound masking on workers - a case study in a land- scaped office (2008)

Noise is the most disturbing factor of indoor environment in open offices (Haapakangas et al. 2008a). Several independent laboratory experiments have shown that noise, especially speech, reduces task performance of cognitively demanding tasks. According to the model of Hongisto et al. (2008), task performance reduces with increasing speech intelligibility. The room acoustic design of open offices should, therefore, aim at the reduction of speech intelligibility between workstations. This can be achieved by mainly by three factors: increasing room absorption, increasing screen height and increasing masking sound level.
Regulation of the collagen phenotype expression of gamma‐irradiated vascular smooth muscle cells by heparan mimetics (RGTA) (2004)

Restenosis is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and accumulation of collagen III in a hypertrophic and disorganized extracellular matrix. Restenosis is prevented by antimitotic agents or irradiation but no significant progress has been made to control collagen expression deregulation. Previously, we have shown that a new family of biopolymers named RGTA (heparan mimetics elaborated by grafting on dextran of carboxylate, sulfate, and benzylamide units) stimulate in vivo tissue repair and reduce fibrosis in various models. Using VSMC in vitro (pig aortic VSMC irradiated with a 60Co source and labeled with [3H]Proline), we now show that gamma-irradiation reduced cell survival by 50% and collagen synthesis 6-fold with a major increase in the ratio of collagen III to collagen I biosynthesis taken as a fibrotic index. RGTA added to the cells enhanced their survival up to 80% and reduced collagen III/I ratio back to values found in normal vascular tissues. These results suggest that RGTA combined with gamma-radiation could be an efficient strategy against restenosis.
Simultaneous in version of TDEM data for anomalous conductivity and magnetic permeability (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Simultaneous in version of TDEM data for anomalous conductivity and magnetic permeabilityAuthors: Dmitriy PavlovMichael ZhdanovDmitriy PavlovUniversity of Utah and Michael ZhdanovUniversity of Utahhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821003 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821003FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Dmitriy Pavlov and Michael Zhdanov, (1999), "Simultaneous in version of TDEM data for anomalous conductivity and magnetic permeability," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821003 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Configuration and characteristics of an interference cancellation system using a pilot signal for radio channel estimation (1996)

Abstract This paper proposes a new configuration for an interference cancellation system for spread‐spectrum communications and will verify its performance. In the proposed system, a pilot signal with a known code is spread modulated without altering the data and sent to the common reverse link. Blind deconvolution is avoided because the characteristics of the radio channel are determined from the received pilot signal. The new configuration is simpler and offers improved interference cancellation. A filtering system is proposed for the estimated and the correlated signals using a time‐variant model to alter the characteristics of the radio channel along with the operation of the personal station. A sequential configuration system is proposed for interference cancellation (simply called cancellation). This is considered to be equivalent to the basic configuration that has been previously proposed, yet it further simplifies the configuration. The cancellation system is based on the system stated above. The path‐diversity combination of the delay wave and the data and the amount of interference on the destination and interfering channels are estimated, and interference from other channels is removed. This paper discusses, first, the estimation system for time‐variant multipath radio channels and, second, the configuration of sequential cancellation and its management. Based on the above, a cancellation system is proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified.
Cytopathic and Noncytopathic Interferon Responses in Cells Expressing Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicons (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the only known positive-stranded RNA virus that causes persistent lifelong infections in humans. Accumulation of HCV RNA can be inhibited with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) in vivo and in culture cells. We used cell-based assay systems to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the cytokine-induced inhibition of HCV replication. The results showed that IFN-alpha could suppress the accumulation of viral RNA by a noncytopathic pathway and could also induce apoptosis of virally infected cells in a concentration- and cell line-dependent fashion. Whereas the noncytopathic IFN-alpha response depended on a functional Jak-STAT signal transduction pathway, it did not appear to require double-stranded RNA-dependent pathways. Moreover, we found that functional proteasomes were required for establishment of the IFN-alpha response against HCV. Based on the results described in this study we propose a model for the mechanism by which IFN-alpha therapy suppresses HCV replication in chronic infections by both cytopathic and noncytopathic means.
A quantitative sequencing framework for absolute abundance measurements of mucosal and lumenal microbial communities (2020)

A fundamental goal in microbiome studies is determining which microbes affect host physiology. Standard methods for determining changes in microbial taxa measure relative, rather than absolute abundances. Moreover, studies often analyze only stool, despite microbial diversity differing substantially among gastrointestinal (GI) locations. Here, we develop a quantitative framework to measure absolute abundances of individual bacterial taxa by combining the precision of digital PCR with the high-throughput nature of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In a murine ketogenic-diet study, we compare microbial loads in lumenal and mucosal samples along the GI tract. Quantitative measurements of absolute (but not relative) abundances reveal decreases in total microbial loads on the ketogenic diet and enable us to determine the differential effects of diet on each taxon in stool and small-intestine mucosa samples. This rigorous quantitative microbial analysis framework, appropriate for diverse GI locations enables mapping microbial biogeography of the mammalian GI tract and more accurate analyses of changes in microbial taxa in microbiome studies.
Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Anti-Acne Topical Nanoemulsion—In Vitro and In Vivo Study (2018)

Antibiotics are often prescribed in acne treatment; however, <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, the two of the major acne-associated bacteria, developed antibiotic resistance. Essential oils (EOs) present a natural, safe, efficacious and multifunctional alternative treatment. This study aimed to assess the potential anti-acne activity of selected seven EOs commonly used in Mediterranean folk medicine. Antimicrobial activity screening of these oils showed oregano to exhibit the strongest antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.34 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.67 mg/mL against <i>P. acnes</i>; and MIC of 0.67 mg/mL and MBC of 1.34 mg/mL against <i>S. epidermidis</i>. The composition of the most effective EOs (oregano and thyme) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpenoid phenols predominated oregano and thyme EO with thymol percentile 99 and 72, respectively. Thymol showed MIC 0.70 mg/mL against both <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> whereas MBC was 1.40 and 2.80 mg/mL against <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i>, respectively. Moreover, oregano exhibited the strongest anti-biofilm effect against <i>S. epidermidis</i> with MBIC 1.34 mg/mL and killing dynamic time of 12 and 8 h against <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i>, respectively. Oregano, the most effective EO, was formulated and tested as a nanoemulsion in an acne animal mouse model. The formulation showed superior healing and antimicrobial effects compared to the reference antibiotic. Collectively, our data suggested that oregano oil nanoemulsion is a potential natural and effective alternative for treating acne and overcoming the emerging antibiotic resistance.
Polarization-based optical parallel logic gate utilizing ferroelectric liquid crystals (1987)

We describe parallel optical XOR and XNOR logic gates implemented with ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) electro-optic elements to yield naturally a logic in which the binary gate outputs are indicated by two orthogonal polarizations of transmitted light. These gates absorb no power from the incident light beam and hence can be cascaded without the need to regenerate NOT inputs. The FLC elements also confer the advantages of low-voltage, low-power, submicrosecond switching and intrinsic two-state memory. Experimental results demonstrating the XOR and XNOR function are presented, along with measurements of the percentage of polarized light rotated into the two binary states.
Neural correlates of the visual vertical meridian asymmetry (2006)

Human visual performance is better below than above fixation along the vertical meridian-a phenomenon we refer to as vertical meridian asymmetry (VMA). Here, we used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of the VMA. We presented stimuli of two possible sizes and spatial frequencies on the horizontal and vertical meridians and analyzed the fMRI data in subregions of early visual cortex (V1/V2) that corresponded retinotopically to the stimulus locations. Asymmetries in both the spatial extent and amplitude of the fMRI measurements correlated with the behavioral VMA. These results demonstrate that the VMA has a neural basis at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing and imply that visual performance is limited by the pooled sensory responses of large populations of neurons in the visual cortex.
Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Organ Repair (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are prototypical adult stem cells with the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation with a broad tissue distribution. MSCs not only differentiate into types of cells of mesodermal lineage but also into endodermal and ectodermal lineages such as bone, fat, cartilage and cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, lung epithelial cells, hepatocytes, neurons, and pancreatic islets. MSCs have been identified as an adherent, fibroblast-like population and can be isolated from different adult tissues, including bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs secrete factors, including IL-6, M-CSF, IL-10, HGF, and PGE2, that promote tissue repair, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of endogenous tissue progenitors, and decrease inflammatory and immune reactions. In this paper, we focus on the role of BM-derived MSCs in organ repair.
Enabling 5G mobile wireless technologies (2015)

Research on 5G mobile wireless technologies has been very active in both academia and industry in the past few years. While there has been certain consensus on the overall requirements of 5G wireless systems (e.g., in data rate, network capacity, delay), various enabling wireless technologies have been considered and studied to achieve these performance targets. It has been quite clear, however, that there would be no single enabling technology that can achieve all diverse and even conflicting 5G requirements. In general, many fundamental changes and innovations to re-engineer the overall network architecture and algorithms in different layers and to exploit new system degrees of freedom would be needed for the future 5G wireless system. In particular, we may need to consider other potential waveform candidates that can overcome limitations of the orthogonal frequency multiple access (OFDM) waveform employed in the current 4G system, develop disruptive technologies to fulfill 5G rate and capacity requirements including network densification, employment of large-scale (massive) multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and exploitation of the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum to attain Gigabit communications. In addition, design tools from the computer networking domain including software defined networking, virtualization, and cloud computing are expected to play important roles in defining the more flexible, intelligent, and efficient 5G network architecture. This paper aims at describing key 5G enabling wireless mobile technologies and discussing their potentials and open research challenges. We also present how papers published in our special issue contribute to the developments of these disruptive 5G technologies.
Differential Roles of Insulin Receptor Substrates in the Anti-apoptotic Function of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin (2002)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin are known to prevent apoptosis. The signaling network of IGF-1 and insulin occurs via multiple pathways involving different insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). To define their roles in the anti-apoptotic function of IGF-1 and insulin, we established brown pre-adipocyte cell lines from wild-type and IRS knockout (KO) animals. In response to 16 h of serum deprivation, IRS-1-deficient cells showed a significant decrease in response to IGF-1 protection from apoptosis, whereas no changes were observed in the IRS-2, IRS-3, or IRS-4 KO cells. Five hours after serum withdrawal, cells already began to undergo apoptosis. At this early time point, IGF-1 and insulin were able to protect both wild-type and IRS-1 KO cells from death by 85-90%. After a longer period of serum deprivation, the protective ability of insulin and IGF-1 was decreased, and this was especially reduced in the IRS-1 KO cells. Reconstitution of these cells with IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, or IRS-1/IRS-2 chimeras restored the anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1, whereas overexpression of IRS-4 had no effect at long time points and actually reduced the effect of IGF-1 at the short time point. The biochemical basis of the defect in anti-apoptosis was not dependent on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase; whereas phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity was decreased by 30% in IRS-1 KO cells. Akt phosphorylation was slightly reduced in these cells. Phosphorylation of the transcription factors cAMP response element-binding protein and FKHR by IGF-1 and insulin was markedly reduced in IRS-1 KO cells. In addition, both IGF-1 and insulin prevented caspase-3 cleavage in the wild-type cells, and this effect was greatly reduced in the IRS-1-deficient cells. These findings suggest that the IRS proteins may play differential roles in the anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1 and insulin in brown pre-adipocytes, with IRS-1 being predominant, possibly acting through caspase-3-, CREB-, and FKHR-dependent mechanisms.
Linear free-enthalpy relation for radical yield in fluorescence quenching by electron transfer (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear free-enthalpy relation for radical yield in fluorescence quenching by electron transferP. Iwa, U. E. Steiner, E. Vogelmann, and H. E. A. KramerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 8, 1277–1285Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/j100397a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
CORE-COMPRESSOR ROTATING STALL SIMULATION WITH A MULTI-BLADEROW MODEL (2006)

The paper will focus on one specific core-compressor instability, rotating stall, because of the pressing industrial need to improve current design methods. The long-term aim is to minimize the forced response due to rotating stall excitation by avoiding potential matches between the vibration modes and the rotating stall pattern characteristics. Using a 3D viscous time-accurate flow representation, the front bladerows of a core-compressor were modeled in a wholeannulus fashion. The engine core flow boundary conditions were obtained from a mixing-plane steady-state calculation for which the low pressure compression domain was also modeled. A variable-area nozzle, placed after the last compressor bladerow in the model, was used to impose ambient boundary conditions downstream. The rotating stall behavior at two different compressor operating points was studied by considering two different variable-vane scheduling conditions for which experimental data were available. In all cases, the rotating stall was initiated by introducing a small amount of geometric mistuning to the rotor blades. Using 3- and 6-bladerow models, the unsteady flow calculations were conducted on 32-CPUs of a parallel cluster, typical run times being around 3–4 weeks for a grid with about 30 million points. The simulations were conducted over several engine rotations. As observed on the actual development engine, 6 rotating stall cells were obtained for the first scheduling condition while malscheduling of the stator vanes increased the number of rotating stall cells to 13. Although there was some discrepancy between predicted and measured speed of the rotating stall pattern, it was concluded that the large-scale modeling methodology could simulate both the onset of rotating stall and its development as a function of vane scheduling.