gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐synuclein mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes in MSA (2014)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease presenting clinically with parkinsonian, cerebellar, and autonomic features. α-Synuclein (αsyn), encoded by the gene SNCA, is the main constituent of glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) found in oligodendrocytes in MSA, but the methods of its accumulation have not been established. The aim of this study is to investigate alterations in regional and cellular SNCA mRNA expression in MSA as a possible substrate for GCI formation. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed on postmortem brain samples from 15 MSA, 5 IPD, and 5 control cases to investigate regional expression in the frontal and occipital regions, dorsal putamen, pontine base, and cerebellum. For cellular expression analysis, neurons and oligodendrocytes were isolated by laser-capture microdissection from five MSA and five control cases. SNCA mRNA expression was not significantly different between the MSA, IPD and control cases in all regions (multilevel model, P = 0.14). After adjusting for group effect, the highest expression was found in the occipital cortex while the lowest was in the putamen (multilevel model, P < 0.0001). At the cellular level, MSA oligodendrocytes expressed more SNCA than control oligodendrocytes and expression in MSA neurons was slightly lower than that in controls, however, these results did not reach statistical significance. We have demonstrated regional variations in SNCA expression, which is higher in cortical than subcortical regions. This study is the first to demonstrate SNCA mRNA expression by oligodendrocytes in human postmortem tissue using qPCR and, although not statistically significant, could suggest that this may be increased in MSA compared to controls.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Antimetabolite, 6-Mercaptopurine, in the Treatment of Leukemia and Allied Diseases (1953)

Abstract 1. A new antimetabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, has been shown to produce good clinical and hematologic remissions in fifteen out of forty-five children with acute leukemia. Another ten showed partial remissions and clinical improvement. 2. Remissions in adults with acute leukemia have occasionally been brought about by 6-mercaptopurine, and in a few cases it has produced temporary remissions in both the early and the late stages of chronic myelocytic leukemia. 3. The compound has been effective in some children whose disease was resistant to the folic acid antagonists, as shown by the fact that out of twenty-four children with acute leukemia whose disease had been proved to be resistant to amethopterin, five had good clinical and hematologic remissions and five had partial remissions with some marrow and clinical improvement. Some benefit was seen in eight out of eighteen patients whose disease was resistant to ACTH and cortisone. 4. In children the daily oral administration of 2.5 mg./Kg. rarely caused toxic manifestations, but continued therapy at this dose in adults or at higher levels in children occasionally produced bone marrow depression or gastrointestinal symptoms. 5. There is evidence that the therapeutic resistance of the acute leukemias to 6MP develops somewhat more rapidly than it does to the folic acid antagonists but there is, as yet, no laboratory or clinical evidence of cross resistance between these two types of antimetabolites. 6. In a total of thirty-five patients with lymphomas and miscellaneous carcinomas and sarcomas, 6MP did not produce any definite clinical improvement at doses which produced hematologic toxicity. 7. Although 6-mercaptopurine acts as a purine antagonist in certain forms of bacteria, the exact mechanism of its action in leukemia is at present unknown. Since its mode of action appears to differ from that of other agents previously employed clinically in the treatment of leukemia, this compound would appear to be of fundamental as well as practical interest.
A sensorless speed estimator for application in a direct torque controller of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, incorporating compensation of offset error (2003)

This paper presents a sensorless technique for speed estimation of a direct torque controlled (DTC) interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor drive. The proposed method uses a new speed estimator from the stator flux linkage vector and the torque angle /spl delta/. It is shown that by including the torque angle in the estimation process results in a more accurate transient speed estimator than what is reported in the existing literature. The offset error causes the torque of a motor to oscillate and these torque ripples deteriorate the performance of the speed estimator. In order to eliminate ripples in the estimated speed, compensation has been made using a programmable cascaded low pass filter. Results from modeling and experiment verify the effectiveness of the sensorless speed estimator and offset error compensator.
Response of multiple generations of cotton bollworm <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Hübner, feeding on spring wheat, to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Abstract: The growth, development and consumption of three successive generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), reared on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 (double‐ambient vs. ambient) in open‐top chambers (OTCs) were examined. Decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content, and increases in total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs) and ratio of TNC : nitrogen were found in wheat milky grains grown under elevated CO 2 conditions. Changes in quality of wheat grains affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera . Significantly longer larval lifespan for the third generation and lower pupal weight for all generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 conditions. Bollworm fecundity was significantly decreased for the second and third generations under elevated CO 2 levels. The consumption, frass per larva and relative consumption rate significantly increased in elevated CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2 conditions. However, the potential population consumption was significant reduced by elevated CO 2 in the second and third generations. The results of this study indicate that elevated CO 2 levels adversely affect grain quality, resulting in consistently increased consumption per larva for a longer period to produce less fecund bollworm through generations, suggesting that net damage of cotton bollworm on wheat will be less under elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels because increased consumption is offset by slower development and reduced fecundity.
Comparison of topical interleukin-1 vs tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade with corticosteroid therapy on murine corneal inflammation, neovascularization, and transplant survival (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). (2007)

Topical IL-1Ra and prednisolone are comparable in their capacity to promote graft survival. sTNFR therapy, though effective, has much lower efficacy as compared to IL-1Ra or Pred. Combination IL-1Ra and steroid therapy offers only minimal added efficacy over either agent used alone.
Optical Coherence Tomography: High Resolution Imaging Using Echoes of Light (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text James G. Fujimoto, Wolfgang Drexler, Uwe Morgner, Franz Kärtner, and Erich Ippen, "Optical Coherence Tomography: High Resolution Imaging Using Echoes of Light," Optics & Photonics News 11(1), 24-31 (2000) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Using and Exploring Hierarchical Data in Spreadsheets (2016)

More and more data nowadays exist in hierarchical formats such as JSON due to the increasing popularity of web applications and web services. While many end-user systems support getting hierarchical data from databases without programming, they provide very little support for using hierarchical data beyond turning the data into a flat string or table. In this paper, we present a spreadsheet tool for using and exploring hierarchical datasets. We introduce novel interaction techniques and algorithms to manipulate and visualize hierarchical data in a spreadsheet using the data's relative hierarchical relationships with the data in its adjacent columns. Our tool leverages the data's structural information to support selecting, grouping, joining, sorting and filtering hierarchical data in spreadsheets. Our lab study showed that our tool helped spreadsheet users complete data exploration tasks nearly two times faster than using Excel and even outperform programmers in most tasks.
The Reactions of Mesitoyl Nitrate and Other Hindered Acyl Nitrates with Nucleophilic Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Mesitoyl Nitrate and Other Hindered Acyl Nitrates with Nucleophilic Reagents1Jeremiah P. Freeman, William D. Emmons, and Robert M. RossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 22, 6062–6064Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01627a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01627a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Keratoconus After Contact Lens Wear (1990)

A retrospective review of 398 eyes of 199 patients with keratoconus revealed 106 eyes of 53 patients with an association between contact lens wear and the development of keratoconus. The absence of keratoconus at the time of contact lens fitting was confirmed by slit-lamp examination, keratometry readings, and manifest refraction. Keratoconus was diagnosed after a mean of 12.2 years of contact lens wear. This group was compared with patients with sporadic keratoconus with either no history of contact lens wear or a history of contact lens wear after the diagnosis. They were older at the time of diagnosis, had central vs decentered cones, and had a tendency toward flatter corneal curvatures. We believe that these patients suggest that long-term contact lens wear is a factor that can lead to keratoconus.
N‐terminal modifications leading to peptide ORL1 partial agonists and antagonists (2003)

Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor (opioid receptor like 1, ORL1), a member of the opioid receptor family. Although it is clear that this receptor system is involved in a variety of physiological functions, including analgesia, the precise actions of N/OFQ remain largely uncharacterized. One reason for this has been limited high affinity ligands to ORL1, and particularly the lack of availability of useful specific antagonists. Herein we describe the pharmacological activity of a series of N-terminally modified hexapeptides with high affinity for ORL1. These compounds were tested for binding affinity using [3H]N/OFQ binding to human ORL1 in CHO cells, and functional activity by measuring stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding in CHO cell membranes. The N-terminal modifications have produced compounds that maintained very high receptor affinity, but led to significant changes in intrinsic activity. One compound, pentanoyl-RYYRWR-NH2, with barely measurable agonist activity was tested in vivo. It was found to possess modest analgesic activity, but it was unable to block the morphine modulatory activity of N/OFQ.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of feline stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α and β (1998)

The stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha and beta (SDF-1 alpha/beta) are the ligands of fusin/CXCR4, the co-receptors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the feline immunodeficiency virus. We cloned the cDNA of feline SDF-1 alpha/beta. The open reading frames of feline SDF-1 alpha/beta were 267/279 base pairs and encoded 89/93 amino acid residues.
Produção de biodiesel via transesterificação etílica com zeólitas básicas (2012)

PRODUCTION VIA ETHYLIC TRANSESTERIFICATION WITH BASIC ZEOLITES. Soybean oil transesterification with ethanol was carried out in a batch reactor using USY zeolites modified with barium and strontium (15 wt.%) as catalysts. A series of three catalytic cycles were performed for each zeolite without any loss of activity. The biodiesel product was analyzed by HPLC and FT-Raman, and the catalysts by pyridine and CO 2 adsorption. Ba/USY provided higher conversions (> 97%) than Sr/USY (< 75%). The increased catalytic activity of Ba/USY was attributed to two different effects: a larger number of basic sites; and a lower interaction between barium species and HUSY Brnsted sites.
<title>KrF laser-induced absorption in synthetic fused silica</title> (1997)

In order to estimate the long-term behavior of synthetic fused silica under 248 nm irradiation, KrF laser beam transmission has been measured on 40 cm long samples. Due to this long optical path length, the measuring sensitivity for induced absorption is high enough to apply relatively low pulse energy densities in the range from 100 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> down to 15 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The maximum number of pulses was 750 million with a repetition rate of 1000 Hz. The damage behaviors of the two synthetic fused silica types Suprasil 2 and Suprasil 312 differ markedly. Suprasil 2 exhibits a rapid damage process at the beginning of irradiation followed by a slower linear absorption increase afterwards and the 'strong absorption transition'. Induced absorption in Suprasil 312 increases s-shape like during irradiation reaching a plateau level for higher number of pulses. We describe both damage behaviors with phenomenological model equations. These are used to extrapolate to parameter ranges, that can not be investigated easily.
Tumor necrosis factor increases the rate of lipolysis in primary cultures of adipocytes without altering levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (1994)

To investigate the effects of cytokines on adipocyte lipolysis, a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was treated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml) for 18 h to induce cytokine release. Conditioned medium (5%, vol/vol) from these cells was added to rat epididymal adipocytes isolated and incubated under sterile conditions. After incubation, the adipocytes were washed, and the rate of lipolysis (glycerol release) was determined after a further 1-h incubation. The conditioned medium caused an approximately 2.7-fold increase in lipolysis, detectable after 6-12 h, maximal by 24 h, and reversible by 48 h after washing the cells. The effect of conditioned medium was reversed by a neutralizing antibody to mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and the direct addition of recombinant human TNF alpha (0.1-50 ng/ml) reproduced the effect, with a half-maximally effective concentration of approximately 3 ng/ml. The effect of TNF on the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; the rate-limiting enzyme for lipolysis) was investigated by Western immunoblots using an antibody raised to a bacterially expressed 96-amino acid portion of the HSL enzyme. TNF treatment did not alter the concentration of immunoreactive HSL. From these data we conclude that 1) macrophages release a cytokine(s) in response to lipopolysaccharide that stimulates lipolysis in freshly isolated adipocytes; 2) TNF alpha can account for most, or perhaps all, of this effect; 3) TNF alpha increases the rate of lipolysis by a mechanism that does not involve increased expression of HSL. Based on the time-dependent aspects of TNF alpha stimulation and the lack of change in immunoreactive HSL, the findings suggest a TNF-induced posttranslational modification of the enzyme.
Glutathione (2003)

Glutathione (GSH) is an ubiquitous thiol-containing tripeptide that plays a key role in cell biology. It modulates cell response to redox changes associated with the reactive oxygen species, detoxifies the metabolites of drugs; regulates gene expression and apoptosis, and is involved in the transmembrane transport of organic solutes. Polymorphism has been observed in key enzymes of GSH metabolism and some alleles have been associated with an impaired redox buffer system downsteam diseases, and susceptibility to ischaemia. These varied activities make GSH an attractive target for a more reductionist approach to the prevention and management of many conditions of interest to surgeons.
Spectroscopic studies for tetraphenylporphyrincobalt(II) complexes of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, molecular oxygen, methylisonitrile, and trimethyl phosphite, and a bonding model for complexes of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and molecular oxygen with cobalt(II) and iron(II) porphrins (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic studies for tetraphenylporphyrincobalt(II) complexes of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, molecular oxygen, methylisonitrile, and trimethyl phosphite, and a bonding model for complexes of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and molecular oxygen with cobalt(II) and iron(II) porphrinsB. B. Wayland, J. V. Minkiewicz, and M. E. Abd-ElmageedCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 9, 2795–2801Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00816a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00816a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Red meat in the diet (2005)

Summary The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing scientific literature on the role of red meat in the diet. It discusses current levels of red meat intake, the nutritional benefits of consuming red meat, dietary and lifestyle factors associated with meat consumption and the effects of red meat intake on health and chronic disease outcomes.
Thermostable FAD-dependent Glucose Dehydrogenases from Thermophilic Filamentous Fungus <i>Thermoascus aurantiacus</i> (2016)

We newly identified FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) gene homologs from thermophilic filamentous fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. The gene homologs were cloned from two strains of Th. aurantiacus, NBRC 6766 and NBRC 9748. Recombinant FADGDHs of the two strains were prepared by using Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris as hosts. Absorption spectra and enzymatic characterization clearly showed that these enzymes contained oxidized FAD as a coenzyme and exhibited glucose dehydrogenase activity. Analysis of thermal stability revealed that the denaturation midpoints (Tm) of these FADGDHs were at least above 71.4°C. The results showed that these FADGDHs exhibited remarkably high thermal stability. We also performed bioelectrochemical experiments using unglycosylated and glycosylated FADGDHs of Th. aurantiacus NBRC 6766, which exhibited higher affinities for glucose than those of Th. aurantiacus NBRC 9748 FADGDHs. Th. aurantiacus NBRC 6766 FADGDH-immobilized electrodes effectively showed current responses to glucose. Therefore, these thermostable FADGDHs could be applied to a bioelectro-catalyst for glucose oxidation with long-term storage and continuous use.
Benzophenone 4: an emerging allergen in cosmetics and toiletries? (2007)

Chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters have, over the last few decades, been increasingly used not only in conventional sunscreen products but also in many cosmetics and toiletries. Allergic contact dermatitis as well as photoallergic contact dermatitis reactions have been well documented as a consequence of such use. Over a 3-year period, we recorded the number of positive patch test reactions to a selection of chemical UV filters that we added to our usual cosmetics/facial series. Our objective was to investigate whether any of these filters produced significant numbers of positive patch test results in the absence of photostimulation. Our results show that not only did benzophenone 4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid: sulisobenzone) produce significantly more positive patch test results than the other UV filters that were tested, but also it was the third most frequently positive result overall. Our findings would support the inclusion of benzophenone 4 when patch testing to investigate likely contact dermatitis from cosmetics and toiletries.
Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to PON based Broadband Networks (2010)

The purpose of this document is to provide applicability of Access
Node Control Mechanism, as described in [ANCP-FRAMEWORK], to PON based
broadband access. The need for an Access Node Control Mechanism
between a Network Access Server (NAS) and an Access Node Complex (a
combination of Optical Line Termination (OLT) and Optical Network
Termination (ONT) elements), is described in a multi-service reference
architecture in order to perform QoS-related, service- related and
Subscriber-related operations. The Access Node Control Mechanism is
also extended for interaction between components of the Access Node
Complex (OLT and ONT). The Access Node Control mechanism will ensure
that the transmission of the information does not need to go through
distinct element managers but rather uses a direct device- device
communication. This allows for performing access link related
operations within those network elements to meet performance
objectives.
Preparation Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cell Materials: Processing Perspective (1993)

I-III-VI 2 compound semiconductors are important photovoltaic (PV) materials with electrical and optical properties that can be tuned for optimum device performance. Polycrystalline thin films of ternary and multinary compounds from the Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S) 2 family have already yielded laboratory size solar cells with over 15% efficiency. Large area PV modules with over 10% efficiency have also been demonstrated using these materials. In this contribution we briefly review the preparation techniques for thin film I-III-VI 2 compounds with an emphasis on Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 and discuss certain characteristics of these films that are important for good solar cell performance.