gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inherited predisposition to early onset lung cancer according to histological type (2004)

The role of hereditary factors in lung cancer is less well understood than in many other human neoplastic diseases. We used a nation-wide family dataset to search for evidence for a genetic predisposition in lung cancer. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database includes all Swedes born in 1932 and later (0- to 68-year-old offspring) with their parents, totaling over 10.2 million individuals. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry up to year 2000. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence limits (CI) were calculated for age-specific familial risks in offspring by parental or sibling proband, separately. A Kappa test was used to examine the association between familial risk and histology. Compared to the rate of lung cancers among persons without family history, a high risk by parental family history in adenocarcinoma (2.03) and large cell carcinoma (2.14) was found, and only a slightly lower risk was found among patients with squamous cell carcinoma (1.63) and small cell carcinoma (1.55). Among siblings, an increased risk was shown for concordant adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma at all ages and for all histological types when cancer was diagnosed before age 50. At young age, risks between siblings were higher than those between offspring and parents. The present data suggest that a large proportion of lung cancers before age 50 years appears to be heritable and probably due to a high-penetrant recessive gene or genes that predispose to tobacco carcinogens; however, this hypothesis needs to be tested in segregation analysis with a large number of pedigrees.
Purification and further characterization of the Ca2+-activated proteinase specific for the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin. (1982)

A calcium (Ca2+)-activated, neutral proteinase has been purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The protocol used has resulted in a 3,600-fold purification of the enzyme in a yield of 21% from the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell postnuclear supernatant. The purified proteinase has a high substrate specificity for the intermediate filament subunit proteins, vimentin and desmin, and showed no activity towards other intermediate filament proteins except a 60,000-dalton protein of the cytokeratins. Also, there was no degradation of actin, tubulin, the major constituent proteins of myofibrils and several standard proteins. Characterization of the purified proteinase has shown that it is activated by Ca2+ (10 to 100 microM), is probably calmodulin-independent and irreversibly loses activity when incubated in the presence of Ca2+ without substrate. The enzyme has a Km of 1.7 x 10(-8) M for vimentin and 5.2 x 10(-7) M for desmin. The proteinase has a major subunit of 72,000 daltons which has the catalytic center and a minor component of 29,000 daltons; by gel permeation chromatography it has an apparent molecular weight of 100,000. It requires a reduced sulfhydryl group for activity and can be inhibited by sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. The high substrate specificity of the proteinase indicates that it is involved in the regulation of the distribution and turnover of vimentin- and desmin-containing intermediate filaments.
The guardian model and primitives for exception handling in distributed systems (2004)

This work presents an abstraction called guardian for exception handling in distributed and concurrent systems that use coordinated exception handling. This model addresses two fundamental problems with distributed exception handling in a group of asynchronous processes. The first is to perform recovery when multiple exceptions are concurrently signaled. The second is to determine the correct context in which a process should execute its exception handling actions. Several schemes have been proposed in the past to address these problems. These are based on structuring a distributed program as atomic actions based on conversations or transactions and resolving multiple concurrent exceptions into a single one. The guardian in a distributed program represents the abstraction of a global exception handler, which encapsulates rules for handling concurrent exceptions and directing each process to the semantically correct context for executing its recovery actions. Its programming primitives and the underlying distributed execution model are presented here. In contrast to the existing approaches, this model is more basic and can be used to implement or enhance the existing schemes. Using several examples we illustrate the capabilities of this model. Finally, its advantages and limitations are discussed in contrast to existing approaches.
Field emission of silicon nanowires (2006)

Field emission of single crystal silicon nanowires of 100nm in diameter grown at 480°C from silane using Au as catalyst has been investigated. An emission current density of 1mA∕cm2 over a 0.2cm2 area was obtained at an electric field of 3.4V∕μm with a turn-on field of 2V∕μm at 0.01mA∕cm2. The annealing of the as-grown samples at 550°C in vacuum has drastically improved the field emission performance. The low growth and annealing temperatures make the process applicable to glass substrates.
Methodology for fire hazard indexing and ranking of materials with particular reference to needs of architects and construction engineers (2005)

Fire safety considerations for a building dictate use of those materials/products that have low fire hazard. In addition to functional suitability, fire hazard potential of a material/product too needs to be considered by architects and construction engineers. In this context, assessment of fire behaviour of building material/products is becoming increasingly important. To assess fire behaviour (or fire hazard potential), various fire tests are conducted. On the basis of fire test results/data, materials/products of lower fire hazard are identified. However, test results of different fire tests are expressed differently. This implies that there is ‘lack of uniformity’ in expression of test results/data. This non-uniformity in itself presents difficulty in understanding and application of test results. When two or more fire properties are to be simultaneously considered in hazard assessment, selection of relatively safer materials becomes quite difficult. In such a situation, architects/construction engineers face problem in rational selection of the least hazardous material. This paper highlights different forms of expressing results of fire tests and resultant difficulty. lt seeks to introduce uniformity in expression of test results and also attempts to develop an overall fire hazard index for the purpose of ranking of materials. Once hazard ranking is available, selection of leased hazardous material becomes easy for a given application.
Effect of estrogen on gene expression in chicken oviduct: Evidence for transcriptional control of ovalbumin gene (1979)

The transcription of structural and intervening sequences of the chicken ovalbumin gene was studied in nuclei isolated from the oviduct, liver, and spleen of chickens in different states of estrogen simulation. The concentration of transcripts of structural and intervening DNA sequences was determined by hybridizing the newly synthesized [(3)H]RNA to filters containing cloned ovalbumin cDNA (pOV230) or fragments of the natural ovalbumin gene (pOV2.4 and pOV1.8). Of the RNA synthesized by oviduct nuclei from chickens chronically stimulated with diethylstilbestrol, 0.23% corresponded to ovalbumin mRNA and 0.17% were transcripts of intervening sequences. No detectable ovalbumin mRNA sequences were synthesized by nuclei from spleen and liver. After 60 hr of hormone withdrawal, synthesis of ovalbumin mRNA by oviduct nuclei could not be detected. After readministration of estrogen, a gradual increase in ovalbumin mRNA synthesis was observed which began at 1 hr and reached a plateau by 8 hr. For the intervening sequences, similar kinetics were observed for the initial 4 hr. Previously we had identified multiple species of putative precursors of ovalbumin mRNA in oviduct nuclei from chickens chronically stimulated with diethylstilbestrol. We demonstrate here that withdrawal of diethylstilbestrol resulted in a depletion of high-molecular-weight ovalbumin RNA and of mature ovalbumin mRNA and that readministration of the estrogen induced the nuclear accumulation of both forms of ovalbumin RNA. These findings indicate that: (i) a method exists to assay synthesis of hormone-inducible specific eukaryotic [(3)H]mRNA in vitro; (ii) the estrogen-mediated preferential expression of the ovalbumin gene is maintained in isolated oviduct nuclei; (iii) after hormone withdrawal, a single injection of diethylstilbestrol induces transcription of ovalbumin structural and intervening sequences, with nuclear accumulation of high-molecular-weight ovalbumin RNA and mature ovalbumin mRNA; and (iv) these results are consistent with regulation of ovalbumin mRNA at the level of ovalbumin gene transcription.
Effective use of dispersion shaping in broadband helix TWT circuits (1979)

This paper presents the measured performance characteristics of four broadband TWTs which used various amounts and methods of circuit loading in order to control the helix dispersion. The tubes used identical guns, collectors, and focusing structures, so direct comparisons of the circuit performances could be made. The most heavily loaded circuit, with anomalous dispersion over a large part of the frequency range, performed well over more than two octaves, compared with one octave for a conventional unloaded circuit. The various circuits are described and some factors influencing the choice of a "best" circuit are presented.
Fractionator studies on Purkinje cells in the human cerebellum: numbers in right and left halves of male and female brains. (1990)

Direct estimates of the numbers of Purkinje cell nucleoli in 22 aged human cerebella of known weight were obtained from paraffin-embedded sections using the fractionator. The nucleoli were counted in single sections. The estimates are unbiased by fixation, section thickness or sampling errors and are free from any assumptions about shape, size or spatial orientation. Left and right sides of the cerebellum were analysed in ten subjects whilst sex differences were examined in eleven subjects. No significant lateral differences in fixed weight or nucleolar number were observed. The group means (coefficients of variation) per side were 45 g (18%) and 7.8 millions (26%) respectively. The average complement of nucleoli in 22 cerebella amounted to 15.6 millions (22%). Estimated numbers did not show any significant correlation with cerebellar weights and, in a subsample of these brains (five male and six female), apparent sex differences were not significant.
Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides. (1986)

The capacity to absorb fructose in 10 healthy adults was investigated by means of hydrogen breath analysis. Fructose absorption was quantified with lactulose standards. Significant hydrogen production (greater than or equal to 20 ppm rise of breath hydrogen) was found after challenge with 10% solutions of 50, 37.5, 25, 20, and 15 g fructose in eight, seven, five, four and one subjects, respectively. One subject showed malabsorption after a 10 g dose and possibly also 5 g fructose. In contrast, no malabsorption could be detected in any of the 10 subjects after ingestion of 100 g, 75 g, or 50 g sucrose or a mixture of 50 g glucose and 50 g fructose. After ingestion of mixtures of 50 g fructose +25 g glucose and 50 g fructose +12.5 g glucose malabsorption was present in three and seven subjects, respectively. Symptoms during all challenges were mild, or absent. It is concluded that in the healthy state the absorption capacity of fructose given alone ranges from less than 5 g to more than 50 g. The absorption capacity of fructose given as sucrose is much higher. Glucose stimulates fructose uptake in a dose dependent fashion. The possible existence of more than one intestinal transport system for fructose is considered. The elucidation of the clinical relevance of the findings is important.
IMI – Clinical Myopia Control Trials and Instrumentation Report (2019)

The evidence-basis based on existing myopia control trials along with the supporting academic literature were reviewed; this informed recommendations on the outcomes suggested from clinical trials aimed at slowing myopia progression to show the effectiveness of treatments and the impact on patients. These outcomes were classified as primary (refractive error and/or axial length), secondary (patient reported outcomes and treatment compliance), and exploratory (peripheral refraction, accommodative changes, ocular alignment, pupil size, outdoor activity/lighting levels, anterior and posterior segment imaging, and tissue biomechanics). The currently available instrumentation, which the literature has shown to best achieve the primary and secondary outcomes, was reviewed and critiqued. Issues relating to study design and patient selection were also identified. These findings and consensus from the International Myopia Institute members led to final recommendations to inform future instrumentation development and to guide clinical trial protocols.
Data-Driven Approaches for Computation in Intelligent Biomedical Devices: A Case Study of EEG Monitoring for Chronic Seizure Detection (2011)

Intelligent biomedical devices implies systems that are able to detect specific physiological processes in patients so that particular responses can be generated. This closed-loop capability can have enormous clinical value when we consider the unprecedented modalities that are beginning to emerge for sensing and stimulating patient physiology. Both delivering therapy (e.g., deep-brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, etc.) and treating impairments (e.g., neural prosthesis) requires computational devices that can make clinically relevant inferences, especially using minimally-intrusive patient signals. The key to such devices is algorithms that are based on data-driven signal modeling as well as hardware structures that are specialized to these. This paper discusses the primary application-domain challenges that must be overcome and analyzes the most promising methods for this that are emerging. We then look at how these methods are being incorporated in ultra-low-energy computational platforms and systems. The case study for this is a seizure-detection SoC that includes instrumentation and computation blocks in support of a system that exploits patient-specific modeling to achieve accurate performance for chronic detection. The SoC samples each EEG channel at a rate of 600 Hz and performs processing to derive signal features on every two second epoch, consuming 9 μJ/epoch/channel. Signal feature extraction reduces the data rate by a factor of over 40×, permitting wireless communication from the patient’s head while reducing the total power on the head by 14×.
P‐36: Native Dual Mode Digitizers: Supporting Pen, Touch and Multi‐Touch Inputs in One Device on any LCD (2008)

Abstract At N‐trig we develop, commercialize, manufacture, and market natural input digitizer solutions that enable more effective human‐machine communication — empowering creativity, enhancing productivity, and lowering barriers to adoption of emerging personal computing technology. Recent developments in sensor materials combined with sophisticated software algorithms enable true digital touch, multi‐touch and battery less stylus as simultaneous inputs on a wide range of computer applications and LCD sizes.
Anticipatory configuration of resource-aware applications (2005)

We propose an improved approach to dynamic configuration of resource-aware applications. The new anticipatory model of configuration maximizes utility based on three inputs: user preferences, application capability profiles, and resource availability. In this respect, the proposed model is similar to a model of configuration described in [2]. However, the latter addresses the dynamic nature of the problem by reacting to changes (such as decrease in resource availability), and maximizes the utility in a point-wise manner. The newly proposed anticipatory approach explicitly models the duration of the task and leverages possible information about the future (such as stochastic resource availability over the expected duration of the task).We expect that the anticipatory model will improve user's utility, conserve scarce resources, and reduce the amount of disruption to the user resulting from changes when compared to the reactive model. However, the optimization problem underlying the anticipatory model is computationally more difficult than the problem underlying the reactive model. We would like to investigate if the anticipatory approach is feasible and efficient in practice while delivering the above-mentioned improvements. In this paper, we carefully state the model of anticipatory configuration, highlight the sources of complexity in the problem, propose an algorithm to the anticipatory configuration problem, and provide a roadmap for research.
Classifying phishing URLs using recurrent neural networks (2017)

As the technical skills and costs associated with the deployment of phishing attacks decrease, we are witnessing an unprecedented level of scams that push the need for better methods to proactively detect phishing threats. In this work, we explored the use of URLs as input for machine learning models applied for phishing site prediction. In this way, we compared a feature-engineering approach followed by a random forest classifier against a novel method based on recurrent neural networks. We determined that the recurrent neural network approach provides an accuracy rate of 98.7% even without the need of manual feature creation, beating by 5% the random forest method. This means it is a scalable and fast-acting proactive detection system that does not require full content analysis.
Fahrerlos betriebene spurgeführte Verkehrssysteme : Zulassung des People Mover auf dem Frankfurter Flughafen (1997)

Le People Mover a l'aeroport de Francfort (Passagier Transfer System, PTS, nomme Sky Line) relie l'ancien au nouveau terminal. Sur un reseau disposant de 13 aiguilles et d'un systeme de controle/commande assiste par ordinateur (Automatic Train Protection) ainsi que d'un systeme de signalisation securitaire, circulent automatiquement huit rames. L'article decrit la orocedure d'examen, de certification et d'homologation correspond au Reglement relatif la construction et a l'exploitation des Chemins de Fer (BOStrab) en mettant l'accent sur les installations de controle/commande assistees par ordinateur.
In vitro mutagenesis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene results in altered drug sensitivity of the enzyme (1989)

A mutation (asparagine 815 to serine 815) was introduced into the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase (pol). The HSV-1 pol enzyme in lysates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the mutant protein showed increased resistance to acyclovir triphosphate and increased sensitivity to phosphonoacetate but was not substantially altered with respect to sensitivity to phosphonoformate or aphidicolin. These results directly demonstrate that both resistance to acyclovir triphosphate and sensitivity to phosphonoacetate can be conferred by this mutation in the absence of other viral factors and that the yeast expression system can be used for structure-function studies on HSV-1 pol.
Depalmitoylated Ras traffics to and from the Golgi complex via a nonvesicular pathway (2005)

Palmitoylation is postulated to regulate Ras signaling by modulating its intracellular trafficking and membrane microenvironment. The mechanisms by which palmitoylation contributes to these events are poorly understood. Here, we show that dynamic turnover of palmitate regulates the intracellular trafficking of HRas and NRas to and from the Golgi complex by shifting the protein between vesicular and nonvesicular modes of transport. A combination of time-lapse microscopy and photobleaching techniques reveal that in the absence of palmitoylation, GFP-tagged HRas and NRas undergo rapid exchange between the cytosol and ER/Golgi membranes, and that wild-type GFP-HRas and GFP-NRas are recycled to the Golgi complex by a nonvesicular mechanism. Our findings support a model where palmitoylation kinetically traps Ras on membranes, enabling the protein to undergo vesicular transport. We propose that a cycle of depalmitoylation and repalmitoylation regulates the time course and sites of Ras signaling by allowing the protein to be released from the cell surface and rapidly redistributed to intracellular membranes.
A multimedia system based on MPEG video coding algorithm (1992)

A multimedia player system has been developed. The player is a playback system of video, audio, and graphics recoded on a CD-ROM or received through an ISDN primary rate service. Both CD-ROM and ISDN primary rate services can carry about 1.5Mbit/sec information, but this rate is too low compared with original video data rate. Therefore, video data compression techniques are needed for realizing such systems. Coding algorithm of video and associated audio has been discussed by MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) in ISO-IEC/JTC1. In our system, video decoding algorithm is based on the MPEG standardized method [1]. Only CD-ROM interface is provided because of limited availability of ISDN applications at present.
New Excimer Laser Recrystallization of Poly-Si for Effective Grain Growth and Grain Boundary Arrangement (2000)

A new excimer laser recrystallization of polycrystalline silicon thin film is proposed to increase the grain size and control the grain boundary locations. The proposed method utilizes the lateral grain growth employing a masking window during excimer laser irradiation. We designed a specific laser-masking window to maximize the lateral growth effect and arrange the location of grain boundaries. As a result of laser irradiation through the opened gap in the masking window, we obtained polycrystalline silicon film with the grain size exceeding 1 µm and also observed well-arranged grain boundaries by transmission electron microscopy. To enhance the overall grain quality of the film, the second laser irradiation without masking window was carried out to recrystallize the residual amorphous silicon regions shaded by the masking patterns during the first laser irradiation. Thin film transistors fabricated by the proposed method showed considerably improved electrical characteristics which directly reflect the quality of polycrystalline silicon active layer.