gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated Plasma Corticosterone Decreases Yolk Testosterone and Progesterone in Chickens: Linking Maternal Stress and Hormone-Mediated Maternal Effects (2011)

Despite considerable research on hormone-mediated maternal effects in birds, the underlying physiology remains poorly understood. This study investigated a potential regulation mechanism for differential accumulation of gonadal hormones in bird eggs. Across vertebrates, glucocorticoids can suppress reproduction by downregulating gonadal hormones. Using the chicken as a model species, we therefore tested whether elevated levels of plasma corticosterone in female birds influence the production of gonadal steroids by the ovarian follicles and thus the amount of reproductive hormones in the egg yolk. Adult laying hens of two different strains (ISA brown and white Leghorn) were implanted subcutaneously with corticosterone pellets that elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations over a period of nine days. Steroid hormones were subsequently quantified in plasma and yolk. Corticosterone-implanted hens of both strains had lower plasma progesterone and testosterone levels and their yolks contained less progesterone and testosterone. The treatment also reduced egg and yolk mass. Plasma estrogen concentrations decreased in white Leghorns only whereas in both strains yolk estrogens were unaffected. Our results demonstrate for the first time that maternal plasma corticosterone levels influence reproductive hormone concentrations in the yolk. Maternal corticosterone could therefore mediate environmentally induced changes in yolk gonadal hormone concentrations. In addition, stressful situations experienced by the bird mother might affect the offspring via reduced amounts of reproductive hormones present in the egg as well as available nutrients for the embryo.
Blog Spam: A Review (2007)

Blogs are becoming an increasingly popular target for spammers. The existence of multiple vectors for spam injection, the potential of reaching many eyeballs with a single spam, and limited deployment of anti-spam technologies has led to a sustained increase in the volume and sophistication of attacks. This paper reviews the current state of spam in the blogosphere at large and in particular as seen at TypePad, a major hosted blog service. Furthermore the effectiveness of two popular open-source email antispam programs at classifying blog comment spam is evaluated. 1
Action mechanisms of modern antifungal agents and resulting problems in the management of onychomycosis (2003)

Successful treatment of onychomycosis in the infection site depends not only on achieving the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antifungal agent, usually determined on fresh, proliferating fungal strains, but also on the effectivity against fungal spores dormant in nail keratin. Ciclopiroxolamine and terbinafine were investigated for their fungicidal properties against proliferating and dormant dermatophyte strains. While ciclopiroxolamine was 100% effective against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (50 microg ml(-1)) and Microsporum canis (5 microg ml(-1)) both in the proliferative and dormant phase after 5 days of incubation, the same result was achieved under identical test conditions with 0.002 microg ml(-1) terbinafine using T. mentagrophytes as test organism in the proliferative and 2.0 microg ml-1 in the dormant phase. The terbinafine concentrations of 0.52 microg g(-1) measured in the nail are well below 2.0. This explains the high treatment failure and relapse rates observed under monotherapy of toenail onychomycosis even with modern antifungals. Consequently, combined therapy is recommended, beginning with atraumatic removal of the affected toenails and continuing with an antifungal nail lacquer combined with a systemic antifungal.
Broadband marine MT exploration of the East Pacific Rise at 9°50′N (2002)

We present the first use at a mid‐ocean ridge of a recently developed broadband marine magnetotelluric (MT) instrument. The extended high frequency performance of the instrument allows resolution of electrical resistivity structure at shallower depths than traditional marine MT sensors. Our two‐dimensional inversion model from data collected at four MT sites on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50′N demonstrates the viability of the method to image electrical resistivity structure in both the crust and shallow mantle. While our pilot experiment falls far short of the coverage needed to provide rigorous constraints on structure, a low resistivity zone in the crustal portion of the inversion model agrees well with seismic tomography and seafloor compliance results. Resistivities beneath the ridge imply a crustal partial melt fraction of 1–20%. A total melt volume of about 0.75 km 3 per kilometer of ridge implies an average melt residence time of about 1000 years.
CHEMICALS FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: HEMICELLULOSE BEHAVIOR DURING ORGANOSOLV DELIGNIFICATION OF SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE (1982)

Batch delignification of southern yellow pine using aqueous solutions of ethanol and 1-butanol have been studied at a temperature of 175°C. The extent of delignification, hemicellulose hydrolysis of the pulp, and monosaccharide appearance in solution are reported. From these data the relationship of bulk delignification, hemicellulose behavior and solvent selectivity can be used to better explain pulp yield from alcohol: water treatment processes,
Development of free cooling for ISP and 3G applications (2001)

This paper sets out to detail the outcome of the One 2 One project team air conditioning re-design process required to address the new ISP and 3G cooling loads. One 2 One have had a great deal of success utilising the popular free cooling style of unit, however, the new cooling loads were making it impossible to continue with the traditional units in their existing form. This paper outlines the advantages of the free cooling style of unit and demonstrates how the product re-design process led to a new unit being developed to achieve the challenging new requirements. It will be demonstrated that this approach was successful as a result of teamwork and collaboration with a forward thinking manufacturer. The following are covered: the benefits of the free cooling solution; system selection considerations; system resilience; fast track installations; experience of owning and operating; energy efficiency; 3G/ISP technical requirements; re-design process; 3G/ISP product development; and the 3G/ISP free cooling solution.
Multiple trkA proteins in PC12 cells bind NGF with a slow association rate. (1992)

Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells express two distinct nerve growth factor receptors (NGFRs), p75NGFR and trkA (p140trk). In addition to these receptors, by using 125I-mNGF affinity labeling and BS3 chemical cross-linking of PC12 cell protein, we have identified two additional trkA protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 220,000 and 300,000. These bands contain trkA, but were not immunoprecipitated by p75NGFR-specific antisera, suggesting that they do not represent trkA/p75NGFR protein complexes. The 220-kDa trkA band apparently represents trkA with alternate post-translational modification. The appearance of the 300-kDa trkA band was dependent on cross-linker concentration and could be diminished in the presence of reducing agents, suggesting that it represents a trkA dimer. All trkA bands were phosphorylated on tyrosine residues when bound to mNGF, suggesting that they participate in NGF-induced signal transduction. NGF binding kinetics to all three trkA bands were indistinguishable, with slow dissociation rates, and a slow association rate that required approximately 1 h to reach equilibrium levels at 4 degrees C. All three trkA bands bound the related neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 with a profile characteristic of trkA.
Spatial variation of luminescence from AlGaN grown by facet controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2004)

Interesting phenomena have been observed in the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlxGa1−xN alloys using facet control on serrated GaN templates. A complex microstructure is observed that involves misfit dislocation arrays that are closely related to regions with significantly large variations in composition. The dislocations are on inclined planar boundaries and result from basal-plane slip, which is allowed in this inclined facet geometry. The spatial variation of the aluminum composition in the overgrowth region is determined by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and ranges from x=0.06to0.27, for constant growth conditions that after planarization result in a uniform composition at x=0.16. These results indicate that aluminum incorporation depends significantly on the growth direction with marked preference for facets parallel to the basal plane.
Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Self-Expanding Prosthesis (2014)

In patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at increased surgical risk, TAVR with a self-expanding transcatheter aortic-valve bioprosthesis was associated with a significantly higher rate of survival at 1 year than surgical aortic-valve replacement. (Funded by Medtronic; U.S. CoreValve High Risk Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01240902.).
Food That Really Schmecks (2006)

An updated edition of a bestselling book in the food writing genre from award-winning author and journalist Edna Staebler. In the 1960s, Edna Staebler moved in with an Old Order Mennonite family to absorb their oral history and learn about Mennonite culture and cooking. From this fieldwork came the cookbook Food That Really Schmecks. Originally published in 1968, Food That Really Schmecks instantly became a classic, selling tens of thousands of copies. Interspersed with practical and memorable recipes are Staebler’s stories and anecdotes about cooking, life with the Mennonites, family, and the Waterloo Region. Described by Edith Fowke as folklore literature, Staebler’s cookbooks have earned her national acclaim. Back in print as part of Wilfrid Laurier University Press’s Life Writing series, a series devoted celebrating life writing as both genre and critical practice, the updated edition of this groundbreaking book includes a foreword by award-winning author Wayson Choy and a new introduction by well-known food writer Rose Murray.
Report of the Committee on Automated Methods (1981)

Journal Article Report of the Committee on Automated Methods Get access Larry L Wall, Sr, Larry L Wall, Sr Chairman University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Other Members: Other Members: Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 64, Issue 2, 1 March 1981, Page 455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/64.2.455 Published: 22 January 2020
Surfactant Modified/Mediated Thin-Layer Chromatographic Systems for the Analysis of Amino Acids (2013)

This review incorporates a large number of chromatographic systems modified by the surfactants. A large number of solvent systems and stationary phases are summarized in this paper. Three different kinds of surfactants (anionic, cationic, and nonionic) are used as modifiers for stationary phases as well as solvent systems. Surfactants are used at all the three different concentration levels (below, above, and at critical micelle concentration) where surfactants behave differently. Modifications of both stationary phases and solvent systems by surfactants produced a new generation of chromatographic systems. Microemulsion solvent systems are also incorporated in this paper. Microemulsion thin-layer chromatography is a new approach in the field of chromatography.
Monophasic Catalytic System for the Selective Semireduction of Alkynes (2013)

A highly efficient semireduction of alkynes has been developed. Using 0.5-2 mol % of a copper catalyst, semireduction can be accomplished with a wide range of substrates, including both internal and terminal alkynes without over-reduction. The new method has excellent chemoselectivity, and the semireduction can be accomplished even in the presence of nitro and aryl iodo groups. Finally, commercial availability of a catalyst precursor adds to the appeal of the new catalytic system.
DOA Estimation for Echo Signals and Experimental Results in the AM Radio-Based Passive Radar (2018)

The direction of arrival (DOA) of the target’s echo signal is extremely important for passive detection and tracking. However, it is a challenge to estimate the echo signal’s DOA due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal and the serious masking effect. In this paper, a novel method is developed to estimate the DOA of the echo signal through enhancing the desired echo signal and attenuating the interference in range-Doppler domain before performing the DOA estimation. Firstly, the cross-ambiguity functions of the direct path signal and the received array signal are calculated. Then, they are combined to form a single-snapshot virtual array signal. Under certain conditions, the desired echo signal can be enhanced, and the interference can be attenuated simultaneously. After extending the single-snapshot virtual array signal to multi-snapshots, the conventional MUSIC approach can be performed, and the clutter interference can be suppressed significantly through subspace orthogonal meanwhile. Finally, the DOAs of echo signals as well as their corresponding Doppler shifts can be measured on a 2-D direction-Doppler map. The virtual array signal’s construction principle and the gain of echo signal are analyzed theoretically, and some experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Isolation and characterization of epidermal growth factor from human milk (1985)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been purified from human milk. The purification was monitored with a human placental membrane radioreceptor assay using murine salivary epidermal growth factor I (mEGF I) as a competitive ligand and was achieved exclusively by the use of reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The sequential use of preparative, semipreparative and analytical RPLC on an octylsilica support with solvent systems of different solute selectivity such as pyridine formate, triethylammonnium phosphate or perfluorocarbonic acids in the presence of n-propanol or acetonitrile allowed purification to homogeneity with 5 consecutive runs. The molecular mass, amino acid composition and NH2-terminal sequence of human EGF were determined. Gas-phase microsequencing of residues 1-17 revealed the following sequence: Asn-Ser-Asp-Ser-Glu-X-Pro-Leu-Ser-His-Asp-Gly-Tyr-X-Leu-X-Asp which is identical with the NH2-terminof urogastrone from human urine. The purified polypeptide competes with mEGF for the placental membrane receptor with a ki of 1 ng. Furthermore, it stimulates the anchorage-dependent as well as -independent proliferation of human and rat indicator cells with half-maximal stimulation at 1 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively. Although human epidermal growth factor has been unequivocally identified in human milk and -for the first time-shown to be identical with urogastrone from human urine, the high-resolution techniques employed have also revealed the presence of EGF-related molecules which await further characterization. It is possible that EGF and the EGF-related growth factors possess important regulatory functions in normal growth of the human breast during pregnancy and lactation as well as in abnormal growth during mammary tumor formation and progression.
The dielectric-filled parabola: a new millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end (1991)

A design is presented for a semi-integrated millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end incorporating a planar antenna and a solid-state device in an efficient feed structure which can be matched directly to high f-number optical systems. The feed system combines the simplicity and robustness of a dielectric substrate lens with the high gain of a parabolic reflector in a single structure that is termed a dielectric-filled parabola. The same fundamental unit can be configured as either a heterodyne or direct detection mode receiver, a power transmitter or a frequency multiplier by changing out the solid-state device and/or the integrated antenna. The structure can also be used with a small integrated antenna array in a multibeam or imaging arrangement. Design and fabrication details for the feed system are given. These are followed by beam pattern and impedance measurements taken on a microwave model when dipole, bow-tie, log-periodic, and log-spiral antennas are used as the integrated feed elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional integrity of MAS through the dynamics of the agents' population (2002)

In open multi-agent systems, i.e. systems in which agents of different kinds may join or leave the system, the problem of functional integrity seems to be of vast importance. The thesis discussed in this paper is that the number of agents in a multi-agent system can be an important characteristic of its dynamics and, in particular, constitute a base for evaluation of its functional integrity at a population level. Certain mechanisms which allow for controlling the number of agents- preserving their autonomy-have been also proposed.
Innovative data weighting for iterative reconstruction in a helical CT security baggage scanner (2013)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) currently has widespread application in air travel security systems for the purpose of baggage screening. This work presents an implementation of a fully 3D model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm mapped to a multi-slice helical CT security scanner. We introduce innovations in the data model that are designed to enhance image quality for typical scenes encountered in the security setting. In particular, we explore alternatives in the weighting of the measurements in order to more accurately reconstruct uniform regions and suppress metal artifacts. We compare images from the model-based approach to direct analytical reconstructions, indicating that the MBIR produces higher resolution and lower-noise reconstructions with suppressed metal streaking. The image improvements afforded by MBIR can provide for better operator experience and potentially enable enhanced performance of automatic threat detection (ATD).
Looking glass (2012)

In this paper we present our findings from a lab and a field study investigating how passers-by notice the interactivity of public displays. We designed an interactive installation that uses visual feedback to the incidental movements of passers-by to communicate its interactivity. The lab study reveals: (1) Mirrored user silhouettes and images are more effective than avatar-like representations. (2) It takes time to notice the interactivity (approx. 1.2s). In the field study, three displays were installed during three weeks in shop windows, and data about 502 interaction sessions were collected. Our observations show: (1) Significantly more passers-by interact when immediately showing the mirrored user image (+90%) or silhouette (+47%) compared to a traditional attract sequence with call-to-action. (2) Passers-by often notice interactivity late and have to walk back to interact (the landing effect). (3) If somebody is already interacting, others begin interaction behind the ones already interacting, forming multiple rows (the honeypot effect). Our findings can be used to design public display applications and shop windows that more effectively communicate interactivity to passers-by.
Effects of tuning conditions on near field of MRI transmit birdcage coil at 64 MHz (2016)

This study investigates how the tuning conditions of a 64 MHz / 1.5 T radio frequency (RF) birdcage coil modeled with an RF circuit and 3D electromagnetic co-simulation affect the electric and magnetic near-field distribution. Four models were implemented with different tuning conditions and difference between numerical results and measurements was evaluated. The results show that the simulated near-field depends significantly on coil tuning conditions, especially in volumes close to the ASTM phantom walls. Further extensive evaluations should be conducted to cover proper match between measurement and numerical results.
Development and evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of shiga-like toxin I and shiga-like toxin II (1989)

Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing Escherichia coli has been associated with a spectrum of human illnesses, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It produces at least two antigenically distinct toxins designated SLT-I and SLT-II, which have been implicated in disease. Currently available toxin assays, however, are not suitable for most clinical or public health laboratories. In this study, we have developed two sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on toxin-specific murine monoclonal capture antibodies and rabbit polyclonal second antibodies which are specific for SLT-I and SLT-II. The SLT-I ELISA detected 200 pg of purified SLT-I, and the SLT-II ELISA detected 75 pg of purified SLT-II. The types of SLT produced by 166 human and 54 animal isolates of E. coli that produced moderate to high levels of toxin were determined by the ELISA, and results were confirmed by cytotoxin neutralization assays. With the exception of results from three strains, the tests agreed on the types of toxin present. DNA probe assays of 86 of 87 isolates also agreed with the ELISA and neutralization results. Although the SLT-II ELISA was specific for the SLT-II variant produced by porcine edema strains, most of the isolates examined produced levels of toxin (less than 50 50% cytotoxic doses [CD50] per ml) below the detection limit of the test. The ELISAs were not sufficiently sensitive to consistently detect low levels of toxin (less than 50 CD50 per ml) found in fecal extracts. On the basis of these findings, both ELISAs appeared to detect significant levels of SLT-I ( > 100 CD50 per ml) and SLT-II ( > 50 CD50 per ml) in E. coli culture extracts and should be useful diagnostic tools in many microbiology laboratories.
Identification of putative gene based markers of renal toxicity. (2004)

This study, designed and conducted as part of the International Life Sciences Institute working group on the Application of Genomics and Proteomics, examined the changes in the expression profile of genes associated with the administration of three different nephrotoxicants--cisplatin, gentamicin, and puromycin--to assess the usefulness of microarrays in the understanding of mechanism(s) of nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with daily doses of puromycin (5-20 mg/kg/day for 21 days), gentamicin (2-240 mg/kg/day for 7 days), or a single dose of cisplatin (0.1-5 mg/kg). Groups of rats were sacrificed at various times after administration of these compounds for standard clinical chemistry, urine analysis, and histological evaluation of the kidney. RNA was extracted from the kidney for microarray analysis. Principal component analysis and gene expression-based clustering of compound effects confirmed sample separation based on dose, time, and degree of renal toxicity. In addition, analysis of the profile components revealed some novel changes in the expression of genes that appeared to be associated with injury in specific portions of the nephron and reflected the mechanism of action of these various nephrotoxicants. For example, although puromycin is thought to specifically promote injury of the podocytes in the glomerulus, the changes in gene expression after chronic exposure of this compound suggested a pattern similar to the known proximal tubular nephrotoxicants cisplatin and gentamicin; this prediction was confirmed histologically. We conclude that renal gene expression profiling coupled with analysis of classical end points affords promising opportunities to reveal potential new mechanistic markers of renal toxicity.