gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Translational Coupling in Robustness of Bacterial Chemotaxis Pathway (2009)

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to colonize their environment more efficiently and to find optimal growth conditions, and is consequently under strong evolutionary selection. Theoretical and experimental analyses of bacterial chemotaxis suggested that the pathway has been evolutionarily optimized to produce robust output under conditions of such physiological perturbations as stochastic intercellular variations in protein levels while at the same time minimizing complexity and cost of protein expression. Pathway topology in Escherichia coli apparently evolved to produce an invariant output under concerted variations in protein levels, consistent with experimentally observed transcriptional coupling of chemotaxis genes. Here, we show that the pathway robustness is further enhanced through the pairwise translational coupling of adjacent genes. Computer simulations predicted that the robustness of the pathway against the uncorrelated variations in protein levels can be enhanced by a selective pairwise coupling of individual chemotaxis genes on one mRNA, with the order of genes in E. coli ranking among the best in terms of noise compensation. Translational coupling between chemotaxis genes was experimentally confirmed, and coupled expression of these genes was shown to improve chemotaxis. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that E. coli gene order corresponds to consensus in sequenced bacterial genomes, confirming evolutionary selection for noise reduction. Since polycistronic gene organization is common in bacteria, translational coupling between adjacent genes may provide a general mechanism to enhance robustness of their signaling and metabolic networks. Moreover, coupling between expression of neighboring genes is also present in eukaryotes, and similar principles of noise reduction might thus apply to all cellular networks.
Functional reconstitution of the integral membrane proteins of influenza virus into phospholipid liposomes (1987)

The integral membrane proteins of influenza virus, a hemagglutinin and a neuraminidase, have been incorporated into liposomes composed of either phosphatidylcholine or a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (2:1 w/w) using detergent dialysis. The virus spike glycoproteins for reconstitution were selectively solubilized by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to leave a "core particle", which lacked a lipid bilayer but possessed quaternary structure as observed by electron microscopy. The viral spike proteins were combined with exogenous phospholipid in excess sodium cholate followed by exhaustive dialysis for 150 h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that only the viral glycoproteins were associated with all the complexes formed. The level of sodium cholate remaining after dialysis was shown to be reduced to less than 1 molecule per 80 protein molecules. Viral proteins reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes were shown to have retained hemagglutination, low-pH-dependent hemolysis, and neuraminidase activities and were associated with a lipid bilayer in two types of complexes with average lipid to protein mole ratios after sucrose density gradient purification of either 590:1 or 970:1. The bilayer vesicles formed were of similar sizes and were shown by negative-stain electron microscopy to be 150-300 nm in diameter with well-defined spikes on their surface. Reconstituted liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine were found to be unstable with respect to their trapped volume and therefore were unsuitable for fusion studies, unlike complexes formed with phosphatidylcholine or a mixture of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine derived from hen eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reply to “Reply to ‘Comment on “Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range – A Pilot Study”’ by Michael A. Levi” by Gabrielle Pétron et al. (2013)

Abstract The reply by Pétron et al. (2012a) to my comment, Levi (2012), on their paper, Pétron et al. (2012a), defends their original conclusion: fugitive emissions in an area that they observed in 2008 were likely larger than those indicated by previous estimates. The reply also claims to have now better characterized the uncertainties in their and my approaches. In particular, they question the representative nature of a data set that Pétron et al. (2012) relied on, and that Levi retained, although they do not recalculate their estimates. Pétron et al. (2012) also claim to show that the analysis in Levi (2012) is flawed because, they argue, it implies the physically unrealistic conclusion that fugitive emissions from the natural gas operations that Pétron et al. (2012) studied may be negative. Pétron et al. (2012a) are reasonable to be skeptical of the data set that they highlight. I show in this reply that if that data set is indeed not representative of condensate tank flashing in the area under study, it is impossible to produce the results in Pétron et al. (2012a) that the authors now defend. I also show that the other critique of Levi (2012) offered by Pétron et al. (2012a), i.e., that Levi's analysis has physically unrealistic implications, relies on an incorrect interpretation of the formulas in that comment. Only one of two conclusions is possible: the results in Levi (2012) are correct, or the conclusions in both Levi (2012a) and Pétron et al. (2012a) are unjustified.
Editorial: Prostate Cancer (1994)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1994Editorial: Prostate Cancer Paul H. Lange Paul H. LangePaul H. Lange More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)32454-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 152(5 Part 1), pp. 1496–1497 © 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 152Issue 5 Part 1November 1994Page: 1496-1497 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Paul H. Lange More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Coupled products from low-temperature decomposition of hydronium dodecahydrododecaborate(2-) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoupled products from low-temperature decomposition of hydronium dodecahydrododecaborate(2-)Rebecca Bechtold and A. KaczmarczykCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 18, 5953–5954Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00825a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00825a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical engineering in the postwar world: XII — Developments in radio and television (1945)

If electronic progress follows the pattern set after World War I, the next decade will see the expansion of techniques nurtured by military need: frequency modulation, television, facsimile, and radar. Economic considerations, however, probably will set the rate and limit of their expansion.
Humoral Antibody Response to the Antigens of Virulent Rhodococcus equi in Foals. (1994)

The antibody response of foals to the antigens of virulent Rhodococcus equi was studied on two horse-breeding farms contaminated with R. equi using Western immunoblotting, and the results were compared with the antibody titers measured by ELISA. Virulent R. equi ATCC 33701 was used as an antigen for these immunoassays. Sera were collected five times from 19 foals on the two farms at regular intervals. ELISA titers o f these sera increased within 60 days after birth, and then gradually decreased to adult levels. Antibody response to the 15- to 17-kDa antigens was detected in accordance with the increase in ELISA titers in every foal. Some of the foals with clinical signs of respiratory tract infection showed a significant increase in ELISA titers. On these farms, virulent R. equi was isolated from their environmental soil. These results suggest that the foals studied were naturally exposed to virulent R. equi, and that humoral response to the 15- to 17-kDa antigens developed in accordance with age during the first 3 months of life
Antivascular effects of combretastatin A4 phosphate in breast cancer xenograft assessed using dynamic bioluminescence imaging and confirmed by MRI (2008)

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has found significant use in evaluating long-term cancer therapy in small animals. We have now tested the feasibility of using BLI to assess acute effects of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) on luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells growing as xenografts in mice. Following administration of luciferin substrate, there is a rapid increase in light emission reaching a maximum after about 6 min, which gradually decreases over the following 20 min. The kinetics of light emission are highly reproducible; however, following i.p. administration of CA4P (120 mg/kg), the detected light emission was decreased between 50 and 90%, and time to maximum was significantly delayed. Twenty-four hours later, there was some recovery of light emission following further administration of luciferin substrate. Comparison with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI based on the paramagnetic contrast agent Omniscan showed comparable changes in the tumors consistent with the previous literature. Histology also confirmed shutdown of tumor vascular perfusion. We believe this finding provides an important novel application for BLI that could have widespread application in screening novel therapeutics expected to cause acute vascular changes in tumors.
GaAs planar Gunn digital devices with subsidiary anode (1974)

GaAs planar Gunn digital devices with a subsidiary anode are proposed. The subsidiary anode is effective in suppressing the pathological growth of the high-field layer near the anode. Gate triggering by small input pulses below 100 mV is possible
Quality factor issues in silicon carbide nanomechanical resonators (2004)

Nanomechanical resonators with fundamental mode resonance frequencies in the Very-High Frequency (VHF), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) range and microwave L-band are fabricated from monocrystalline silicon carbide thin film material, and measured by magnetomotive transduction, combined with a balanced bridge read out circuit. For resonators made from the same film, we measured the frequency (i.e., geometry) dependence of the quality factor. It is found that the quality factor of these resonators decreases when the frequency increases. This indicates the importance of clamping loss in this regime. In addition, from studies of resonators made from different chips with varying surface roughness, we found a strong correlation between surface roughness of the silicon carbide thin film material and the quality factor of the resonators made from it. Understanding the dissipation mechanisms, and thus improving the quality factor of these resonators, is important for implementing applications promised by these devices.
OPTICAL AXIS GRATINGS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS AND THEIR USE FOR POLARIZATION INSENSITIVE OPTICAL SWITCHING (2009)

The ability of optical axis gratings (OAGs) to fully transfer the energy of an unpolarized incident light beam into the ±1st diffraction orders is explored below for development of a polarization-independent optical system with nonlinear transmission. Diffractive properties of OAGs based on azo dye doped liquid crystals (azo LCs) are efficiently controlled with low power radiation. Switching from diffractive to transmissive states of the OAG takes place within 50 ms at 60 W/cm 2 power density level, while the diffractive state is restored within ~ 1 s in the absence of radiation. High contrast optical switching is demonstrated with violet as well as green laser beams. A photoswitchable OAG is paired with a light-insensitive OAG in diffraction compensation configuration to obtain an optical system switchable from high to low transmission state. The thinness of OAGs required for high contrast switching ensures high overall transmission of the system. Given also the spectrally and angularly broadband nature of OAG diffraction and the capability of azo LC material systems to respond both to cw as well as short laser pulses makes the optical system under discussion very promising for optical switching applications. Presentation of these results is preceded by an "opinionated" review of prior developments and demystifying of the fabrication technique of high efficiency large area OAGs.
[Synergism of the combination of enzymes or surfactants and a phenolic disinfectant on a bacterial biofilm]. (1994)

Disrupting bacterial biofilms is necessary for a wide application domains such as reusable medical devices, or systems of pipes for water or fluids in cosmetics, food and chemicals industry. Bacterial cells embedded in a biofilm are less susceptible to disinfectants than suspended cells. This property is referable to the structure of the biofilm itself. The gangue of exopolymers and the thickness of a 5-day-old biofilm of Escherichia coli (more than 200 layers of bacteria), contribute to this decrease of susceptibility. The present work deals with the release of an Escherichia coli biofilm by the sequential action of enzymes and a phenolic disinfectant on the one hand, and by the sequential or simultaneous action of surfactants and the previous disinfectant on the other hand. The decrease of bacteria count per mm2 and the Scanning Electron Microscope observations exhibited a synergic action in every case. Nevertheless, Escherichia coli biofilms quickly reconstructed even after exposition to the previous treatment.
Application of Hydrous Zirconium Oxide to Catalyst (1990)

Zirconium oxide is stable and has been rarely used as a material for catalyst except for a carrier. Recently, some high catalytic activities of the hydrous zirconium oxide have been found.It catalyzes esterification, amidation, and acetalyzation. It also catalyzes a reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes with hydrogen gas. Ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and nitriles are readily reduced to the corresponding alcohols with 2-propanol. It is worthy of remark because it implies an extension of the so-called Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction. The surface acidity of the oxide is weak and the reaction is applicable to acid-sensitive compounds.
Effect of Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation on the Characteristics of Minced Mackerel (2002)

ABSTRACT: To improve the functionality and quality of seafood, mackerel minces were fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ∼ Lactobacillus plantarum CCRC10069, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCRC 12315, Lactobacillus helveticus CCRC 14092, or their combination at 37 °C. Rapid growth of LAB, decline in pH, suppress of main microflora, increases in whiteness, Hunter L, nonproteinous nitrogen, sensory quality, and free amino acids related to taste were observed. However, VBN of samples fermented with LAB were still d ≤ 25 mg/100g after 36 h fermentation. SDS‐PAGE indicated the obvious degradation of water‐ and salt‐soluble muscle proteins after 12 h fermentation. Animal test demonstrated the LAB‐fermented mince has the functionality on reduction of blood pressure, glucose, and total cholesterol of SHR.
The Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to the Triple Bond<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to the Triple Bond1Aristid V. Grosse and Carl B. LinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 10, 2289–2292Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01262a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (424 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An efficient IF architecture for dual-mode GSM/W-CDMA receiver of a software radio (2003)

Software radios have been widely studied as a solution to support multiple air interface standards in future wireless communications. In this paper, we present an efficient IF processing architecture for a dual-mode GSM/W-CDMA terminal based on the concept of software radio. Simplified digital mixer, high decimation rate filter and fractional frequency conversion techniques are adopted in this architecture to make it compatible with both GSM and W-CDMA. Simulation results show the performance of the architecture is suitable.
Multiple message broadcasting in the postal model (2002)

Broadcasting is a widely used operation in many message-passing systems. Most existing broadcasting algorithms, however, do not address several emerging trends in distributed-memory parallel computers and high-speed communication networks. These trends include (i) treating the system as a fully connected collection of processors, (ii) packetizing large data into sequences of messages, and (iii) tolerating communication latencies. This paper explores the broadcasting problem in the postal model that addresses these issues. The authors provide two algorithms for broadcasting m messages in a message-passing system with n processors and communication latency lambda . A lower bound on the time for this problem is (m-1)+f/sub lambda /(n), where f/sub lambda /(n) is the optimal time for broadcasting one message. They present algorithm PARTITION that takes at most 2m+f/sub lambda /(n)+O( lambda ) time, and algorithm D-D-TREES that takes at most m+2f/sub lambda /(n)+O( lambda ) time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palsies of the Lower Four Cranial Nerves in Association with Atlantal Fracture - Report of One Case (1994)

Lower cranial nerve palsy with dysphagia and poor gag reflex is a potentially life-threatening condition, and rarely a complication of high cervical injury. We report a 25-year-old male who sustained a minor head trauma and presented with palsies of cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII. Atlantal fracture was found by cervical CT and he was treated accordingly with traction and immobilization. A meticulous and thorough neurological examination seems mandatory in every patient with head or cervical injury, despite the severity of the insult, so as not to miss the dangerous association of lower cranial nerve palsies.
Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva (2007)

Aphids, which constitute one of the most important groups of agricultural pests, ingest nutrients from sieve tubes, the photoassimilate transport conduits in plants. Aphids are able to successfully puncture sieve tubes with their piercing mouthparts (stylets) and ingest phloem sap without eliciting the sieve tubes' normal occlusion response to injury. Occlusion mechanisms are calcium-triggered and may be prevented by chemical constituents in aphid saliva injected into sieve tubes before and during feeding. We recorded aphid feeding behavior with the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and then experimentally induced sieve tube plugging. Initiation of sieve tube occlusion caused a change in aphid behavior from phloem sap ingestion to secretion of watery saliva. Direct proof of "unplugging" properties of aphid saliva was provided by the effect of aphid saliva on forisomes. Forisomes are proteinaceous inclusions in sieve tubes of legumes that show calcium-regulated changes in conformation between a contracted state (below calcium threshold) that does not occlude the sieve tubes and a dispersed state (above calcium threshold) that occludes the sieve tubes. We demonstrated in vitro that aphid saliva induces dispersed forisomes to revert back to the nonplugging contracted state. Labeling Western-blotted saliva proteins with 45Ca2+ or ruthenium red inferred the presence of calcium-binding domains. These results demonstrate that aphid saliva has the ability to prevent sieve tube plugging by molecular interactions between salivary proteins and calcium. This provides aphids with access to a continuous flow of phloem sap and is a critical adaptation instrumental in the evolutionary success of aphids.
Low Temperature Rectifying Junctions for Crossbar Non-Volatile Memory Devices (2009)

ZnO-based Schottky junctions fabricated at low temperature are proposed as selectors for crossbar non-volatile memory devices. Rectifying ratio over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> and forward current density as high as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are reported. Results of the integration with NiO based switching memory elements are also shown.
Oscillations in Axisymmetric Dump Combustors (1987)

Combustion instability in axisymmetric dump combustors with uniform ducts on either side of the dump plane and with fully open as well as constricted exits is examined, and flammability and stability limits established as a function of upstream and downstream duct lengths. With the exit fully open, the oscillations depend mainly on the downstream length, while the upstream length affects the strength of the oscillations in combustors with a large downstream to upstream diameter ratio. For small diameter ratios, the upstream length has a decisive influence on the occurrence of instability, The use of a strategically located orifice in the upstream duct and of a coaxial annular quarter-wave tube to suppress oscillations in combustors with acoustically closed and acoustically open upstream ends is demonstrated. Combustion instability is not observed with long downstream ducts constricted at the exit and the possible reasons are discussed. Oscillations observed in short ducts are associated with the acoustic quarter-wave frequency of the upstream duct and occur only when the period of the frequency matches the residence time in the downstream duct, and can be suppressed by the use of an orifice located in the upstream duct.