gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG<sub>2</sub>cells and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>in the cells (2006)

Solanine opens up the PT channels in the membrane by lowering the membrane po-tential, leading to Ca(2+) being transported down its concentration gradient, which in turn leads to the rise of the concentration of Ca(2+) in the cell, turning on the mechanism for apoptosis.
Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. (2007)

Currently available antirheumatic drugs can be highly effective in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in a setting of tight disease control. Initial combination therapies seem to provide earlier clinical improvement and less progression of joint damage, but all treatment strategies eventually showed similar clinical improvements. In addition, combination therapy can be withdrawn successfully and less treatment adjustments are needed than with initial monotherapies.
Predicting Age From Brain EEG Signals—A Machine Learning Approach (2018)

<b>Objective:</b> The brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) is the difference between the estimated age and the individual chronological age. BrainAGE was studied primarily using MRI techniques. EEG signals in combination with machine learning (ML) approaches were not commonly used for the human age prediction, and BrainAGE. We investigated whether age-related changes are affecting brain EEG signals, and whether we can predict the chronological age and obtain BrainAGE estimates using a rigorous ML framework with a novel and extensive EEG features extraction. <b>Methods:</b> EEG data were obtained from 468 healthy, mood/anxiety, eating and substance use disorder participants (297 females) from the Tulsa-1000, a naturalistic longitudinal study based on Research Domain Criteria framework. Five sets of preprocessed EEG features across channels and frequency bands were used with different ML methods to predict age. Using a nested-cross-validation (NCV) approach and stack-ensemble learning from EEG features, the predicted age was estimated. The important features and their spatial distributions were deduced. <b>Results:</b> The stack-ensemble age prediction model achieved <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.37 (0.06), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 6.87(0.69) and RMSE = 8.46(0.59) in years. The age and predicted age correlation was <i>r</i> = 0.6. The feature importance revealed that age predictors are spread out across different feature types. The NCV approach produced a reliable age estimation, with features consistent behavior across different folds. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our rigorous ML framework and extensive EEG signal features allow a reliable estimation of chronological age, and BrainAGE. This general framework can be extended to test EEG association with and to predict/study other physiological relevant responses.
EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF THE DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT, SODIUM CHLORITE, IN FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE: A DRINKING WATER STUDY (2001)

Sodium chlorite is an inorganic by-product of chlorine dioxide formed during the chlorination of drinking water. Relatively little is known about the adverse health effects of exposure to sodium chlorite in drinking water. In this study, we evaluated sodium chlorite's immunomodulatory properties using female B6C3F1 mice and a panel of immune assays that were designed to evaluate potential changes in innate and acquired cellular and humoral immune responses. Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to sodium chlorite in their drinking water (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 15, and 30 mg/L) for 28 days, and then evaluated for immunomodulation. Overall, minimal toxicological and immunological changes were observed after exposure to sodium chlorite. Increases in the percentages of blood reticulocytes, and the relative spleen weights were both observed at different sodium chlorite treatment levels; however, these increases were not dose-dependent. An increasing trend in the number of spleen antibody-forming cells was observed over the range of sodium chlorite concentrations. This increase was not, however, significant at any individual treatment level, and was not reflected by changes in serum IgM levels. A significant increase (26%) in the total number of splenic CD8+ cells was observed in mice treated with 30 mg/L of sodium chlorite, but not at the other concentrations. Splenic mixed leukocyte response and peritoneal macrophage activity were unaffected by sodium chlorite. Lastly, exposure to sodium chlorite did not affect natural killer cell activity, although a decrease in augmented natural killer cell activity (42%) was observed at the lowest sodium chlorite treatment level. These results suggest that sodium chlorite, within the range 0.1-30 mg/L, produces minimal immunotoxicity in mice.
Microbial electrode sensor for alcohols (1979)

Abstract A microbial electrode consisting of immobilized microorganisms, a gas permeable Teflon membrane, and an oxygen electrode was prepared for the continuous determination of methyl and ethyl alcohols. Immobilized Trichosporon brassicae was employed for a microbial electrode sensor for ethyl alcohol. When a sample solution containing ethyl alcohol was injected into a microbial electrode system, the current of the electrode decreased markedly with time until a steady state was reached. The response time was within 10 min by the steady state method and within 6 min by the pulse method. A linear relationship was observed between the current decrease and the concentration of ethyl alcohol below 22.5 mg/liter. The current was reproducible within ± 6% of the relative error when a sample solution containing 16.5 mg/liter ethyl alcohol. The standard deviation was 0.5 mg/liter in 40 experiments. The selectivity of the microbial electrode sensor for ethyl alcohol was satisfactory. The microbial electrode sensor was applied to a fermentation broth of yeasts and satisfactory comparative results were obtained (correlation coefficient 0.98). The current output of the microbial electrode sensor was almost constant for more than three weeks and 2100 assays. A microbial electrode sensor using immobilized bacteria for methyl alcohol was also described.
Steroids and Neuronal Destruction or Stabilization (2007)

Extensive work has indicated that glucocorticoid steroids may play a role in promoting age-related central neuronal degeneration. It has also been shown that glucocorticoid supplementation may intensify acute post-ischaemic neuronal necrosis and that prior adrenalectomy is protective. A glucocorticoid inhibition of injury-induced axonal reactive sprouting has also been reported. The mechanism of this deleterious effect on chronic or acute neuronal degeneration and regenerative responses is thought to involve specific glucocorticoid receptors either on susceptible nerve cells or on adjacent glial cells. However, other studies have shown that intensive short-term glucocorticoid treatment may attenuate post-traumatic and post-ischaemic central neuronal damage. Anterograde degeneration of motor nerve fibres can also be retarded by intensive glucocorticoid pretreatment. The mechanism of these high dose protective effects appears to involve an intrinsic ability of certain glucocorticoids to inhibit oxygen free radical-induced lipid peroxidation, a phenomenon that may be fundamentally involved in neuronal degeneration. Recently, steroid analogues which lack glucocorticoid receptor affinity have been shown to duplicate the antioxidant and cerebroprotective actions of the glucocorticoids in models of neuronal damage. Thus, the deleterious and protective effects of steroids on neuronal viability depend on two different mechanisms, separable by dose, duration of treatment, specific situation and chemical structure.
Valine Dehydrogenase from Streptomyces fradiae: Purification and Properties (1988)

Valine dehydrogenase (VDH) was purified to homogeneity from cell-free extract of Streptomyces fradiae, which produces tylosin. The enzyme was purified 1508-fold in a 17.7% yield using a combination of hydrophobic chromatography and ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. The Mr of the native enzyme was determined to be 218,000 and 215,000, by equilibrium ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The enzyme is composed of 12 subunits of Mr 18,000. Using analytical isoelectric focusing the isoelectric point of VDH was found to be 4.7. Oxidative deamination of L-valine was optimal at pH 10.6. Reductive amination of 2-oxoisovalerate was optimal at pH 8.8. The Michaelis constants (Km) were 1 mM for L-valine and 0.029 mM for NAD+. Km values for reductive amination were 0.80 mM for 2-oxoisovalerate, 0.050 mM for NADH and 22 mM for NH4+.
Thermally activated relaxation processes in vitreous silica: An investigation by Brillouin scattering at high pressures (1992)

We have carried out Brillouin-scattering experiments on vitreous silica at temperatures between 50 and 300 K and pressures up to 3 GPa. Application of pressure leads to considerable changes of the acoustic absorption and the velocity of sound. In order to explain our observations, we start from the so-called ``tunneling model,'' which is often used to explain the low-temperature anomalies of amorphous solids. With an extension of this model, we are not only able to describe our experimental results but also the acoustic behavior of vitreous silica at higher temperatures in general. The quantitative fits of the experimental data achieved in this way give a hint as to the nature of the low-energy excitations existing in glasses.
Transversal filtering using charge-transfer devices (1973)

Techniques are presented for making transversal filters using charge-coupled devices and bucket-brigade devices. In a CCD transversal filter, the delayed signals are sampled by measuring the current flowing the clock lines during transfer, and the sampled signals are weighted by a split electrode technique. In a BBD transversal filter, the delayed signals are `tapped' with a source follower whose load determines the weighting coefficient. Examples are given of CCD and BBD filters that are `matched' to particular signalling waveforms, and the limitations of charge-transfer devices in matched filtering applications are discussed. Finally, the application of CTD transversal filters to other signal processing functions is discussed.
METHOD ON SIMULATING REMOTE SENSING IMAGE BAND BY USING GROUND-OBJECT SPECTRAL FEATURES STUDY (2010)

A method for remote sensing image band simulation based on ground-object spectral features study by support vector machine(SVM) was proposed,since the existing simulation methods had difficulties in the spectrum bands extension.By taking spectral features into account as a priori knowledge and according to the study of the complicated and nolinear relationships among ground-object spectra in different bands by SVM,a new band image was simulated on the basis of the existing sensor bands of multi-spectral remote sensing images.Based on TM red band simulation experiments,it is confirmed that the method can precisely simulate the real spectral images and the simulation results are reliable.Furthermore,the method was used to simulating IRS true-color experiments.The results verify that it is a practical method to reconstruct the missing bands of multi-spectral image.The method effectively resolves the band defection problem of multi-spectral images,and it also resolves the spectral bands deficiency of high spatial resolution remote sensing image to some extent.The method puts forward a new idea for establishing links between ground-object spectrum and remote sensing pixel spectrum.
Cholesterol absorption in man: effect of administration of clofibrate and/or cholestyramine (1980)

Cholesterol absorption measurements were carried out in a free-living out-patient population by a plasma isotope-ratio method previously validated for in-patients (Samuel, P., J. R. Crouse and E. H. Ahrens, Jr., 1978. J. Lipid Res. 19: 82-93). To test the reproducibility of the method in out-patients, 18 patients were tested twice: the mean intra-assay variability was +/- 6.0%. The method was then applied in 150 hyperlipidemic male out-patients, ingesting a standardized diet containing 250mg cholesterol per day, who had been randomized into four different drug-treatment groups: 1) no medication, 2) clofibrate, (2g/day), 3) cholestyramine (16g/day), or 4) both clofibrate and cholestyramine. Cholesterol absorption (as percent of the oral dose) was increased in patients receiving cholestyramine (P < 0.02) and decreased in those receiving clofibrate (P < 0.02); the group on the combined medication had the same pecent absorption as the control group. In twelve patients receiving cholestyramine, a second test of cholesterol absorption was performed 30 min after each patient had received 8g of cholestyramine. The pre-test administration of cholestyramine caused a 38% decrease in cholesterol absorption (P < 0.001), compared to results obtained when medication was withheld prior to testing. These results demonstrate that the isotope-ratio method of measuring cholesterol absorption is a reproducible procedure applicable to a free-living out-patient population, and that the hypolipidemic drugs, clofibrate and cholestyramine, significantly affect cholesterol absorption in man. The data also show that the results of measurements of cholesterol absorption can be profoundly altered by the type and timing of medication in relationship to the test meal of labeled cholesterol.
Anodic Film Growth on Hafnium in Nitric Acid (1956)

In 70% nitric acid at room temperature, an anodic film developed uniformly over single hafnium crystals with a thickness dependent upon the metal crystal orientation. At 0.025 ma/cm2 the cell voltage did not exceed 1.5 v. At 1.5 ma/cm2 the cell voltage rose to 185 v and the film was broken down by sparking. In each case, the anodizing produced more oxide on metal crystal planes which had shown greater oxide growth on zirconium under similar conditions. At 90°C and 0.025ma/cm2, the oxide developed discontinuously over single hafnium crystals with the formation of wedge‐like patches. The degree to which these patches covered the grains was not related to the metal crystal face in the same way as the thickness of the room temperature film. The discontinuous growth was attributed to nucleation at metal surface imperfections. An orientation effect in the electropolishing of hafnium was also noted.
A history of materials and practices for wound management (2012)

From a spiritual vessel to an extremely intricate system, the human body has slowly become less mysterious to us. As civilisation and technology evolved, the teachings, methodology and materials used in the care of both acute and chronic wounds have grown, both in sophistication and in variety. This article provides a brief overview of some of the methods employed by healers throughout history to enhance the wound healing process as well as an overview of current materials available.
Warped linear prediction (WLP) in speech and audio processing (2002)

A linear prediction process is applied to frequency warped signals. The warping is realized by using orthonormal FAM (frequency modulated complex exponentials) functions. The general formulation of WLP is given and effective realizations with allpass filters are studied. The application of auditory WLP to speech coding and speech recognition has given good results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital holographic three-dimensional imaging spectrometry (2012)

A fully interferometric technique for obtaining hypermultispectral components of three-dimensional (3D) images has been tested for a polychromatic object that consists of spatially incoherent, planar light sources of different shapes. Each planar source has different continuous spectra, located at different 3D positions. The method is based on measurement of a five-dimensional (5D) interferogram. By applying synthetic aperture technique and spectral decomposition to that 5D interferogram, one obtains a set of complex holograms of different spectral components. From these holograms, 3D images of multiple spectral components have been retrieved. A decomposed continuous spectrum of each planar light source is also shown to demonstrate the potential applicability to identify materials of a particular part of an object under illumination by white light.
The Design of High-Power Traveling-Wave Tubes (1956)

This paper discusses the problems involved in designing traveling-wave tubes in the range of pulsed powers of the order of a megawatt. Suitable circuits are described, together with their advantages and limitations. In general, the all-metal structures described are capable of dissipating high average powers, have good impedances at the required voltages (100-kv range), but at a sacrifice in bandwidth. Nevertheless, this class of traveling-wave tube is useful where bandwidths of 10 to 20 per cent, not obtainable from klystrons of equivalent power outputs, are of interest. The problems of tube construction and tube design are discussed. Results of tests on an experimental model tube are described, showing good agreement with available theory. A gain uniformity of 3 db over a 9 per cent bandwidth, with power outputs of 300 kw pulsed have been obtained using attenuators of nonoptimum design. Better performance should be obtainable with further improvements in beam focusing and coupler design. Higher power levels with same effliciency should be possible, by designing the tube to operate at higher potentials.
A new haemocompatible phospholipid polyurethane based on hydrogenated poly(isoprene) soft segment (1996)

A new haemocompatible phospholipid polyurethane based on hydrogenated poly(isoprene) glycol (HPIP) and 4,4'-methylendiphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was synthesized using 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl-ammonio]ethylstearylphosphate (BESP) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as chain extender. The bulk and surface characteristics of this material was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic viscoelasticity and tensile property measurements, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and contact angle measurement. This polymer possessed a hydrophobic surface revealed by contact angle measurement. The haemocompatibility of this polyurethane was evaluated by platelet rich plasma (PRP) contacting studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation using medical grade poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the reference. The results show that this new polyurethane had relatively lower platelet adhesion and limited shape change for the attached platelets compared to PVC. The clotting time of the materials in contact with platelet poor plasma (PPP) was 99, 75, and 62 s and in contact with PRP was more than 240, 100, and 86 s for new polyurethane, PVC, and glass, respectively. This new phospholipid polyurethane is expected to have wide applications as coating or structural material for blood-contacting medical equipment due to its outstanding haemocompatibility and excellent mechanical strength.
Design and Evaluation of Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas for MIMO Applications (2013)

In recent years, reconfigurable antennas have been sought to improve the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Their ability to dynamically reconfigure their radiation pattern adds diversity in a manner that is not possible with fixed antennas. This paper investigates the performance benefits provided by pattern reconfigurable receiving antennas with uniform beam steering capability. Their potential performance is first estimated using simulations, and for the first time, the effect of uniform beam steering on MIMO system performance is evaluated in a real indoor channel using two electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antennas. Performance comparison is made against a pair of monopole antennas using a hardware bit error rate (BER) test-bed that incorporates statistical spatial averaging in order to assess performance improvements in a more realistic way, and analyze the effect of antenna diversity on the overall system performance. The MIMO-ESPAR system reduces BER with certain pattern combinations and excels in capacity evaluations. The ESPAR antennas improve the spatially averaged channel capacity by as much as 37% at 10 dB transmit SNR, and gain an additional 1 bit/s/Hz in peak capacity at 10 dB receive SNR from diversity gain alone. These improvements make pattern reconfigurable antennas promising options in MIMO-related applications.
NMR and Conductivity Study of Polymer Electrolytes in the Imide Family: P(EO)/Li[N(SO2CnF2n+1)(SO2CmF2m+1)] (2002)

Size does not matter, at least for the diffusion of anions in poly(ethylene oxide). The conductivity and diffusion data obtained as a function of temperature for a series of perfluoroalkyl sulfonimides (see picture) indicate complete dissociation and obey the Nernst–Einstein equation rather than Stokes' law.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Promotes Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors (2012)

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into glial and neuronal lineages, which makes them an invaluable source in cell replacement therapy for neurological diseases. Therefore, their enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation are pivotal features that can be used in repairing neurological injuries. One of the main regulators of neural development is Wnt signaling, which results in the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Here, we assess the impact of GSK-3 inhibition by the small molecule CHIR99021 on the expansion and differentiation of hiPSC-NPs in an adherent condition and a defined medium. Cell proliferation analyses have revealed that inhibition of GSK-3 in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased the proliferation of hiPSC-NPs across 10 passages. The inhibition of β-catenin signaling by XAV and NOTCH signaling by DAPT reversed CHIR impact on hiPSC-NPs proliferation. The target genes of β-catenin, C-MYC and CYCLIN D1 as well as NOTCH target genes, HES1 and HES5 were upregulated. The treatment of NPs by CHIR in the absence of bFGF and EGF resulted in an increase of neuronal differentiation rather than proliferation by stabilization of β-catenin regardless of the NOTCH pathway. Thus, GSK-3 inhibition has been shown to promote proliferation of the NPs by activating β-catenin and NOTCH-related cell cycle genes in the presence of bFGF and EGF. Additionally, during GSK-3 inhibition, an absence of these growth factors allows for the switch to neuronal differentiation with a bias toward a dopaminergic fate. This may provide desired cells that can be used in therapeutic applications and offer insights into the etiology of some neurological disorders.
Highly accurate 3D surface models by sparse surface adjustment (2012)

In this paper, we propose an approach to obtain highly accurate 3D models from range data. The key idea of our method is to jointly optimize the poses of the sensor and the positions of the surface points measured with a range scanning device. Our approach applies a physical model of the underlying range sensor. To solve the optimization task it employs a state-of-the-art graph-based optimizer and iteratively refines the structure of the error function by recomputing the data associations after each optimization. We present our approach and evaluate it on data recorded in different real world environments with a RGBD camera and a laser range scanner. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to substantially improve the accuracy of SLAM results and that it compares favorable over the moving least squares method.