gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The new bone biology: Pathologic, molecular, and clinical correlates (2006)

Bone and cartilage and their disorders are addressed under the following headings: functions of bone; normal and abnormal bone remodeling; osteopetrosis and osteoporosis; epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, condensation and differentiation; osteoblasts, markers of bone formation, osteoclasts, components of bone, and pathology of bone; chondroblasts, markers of cartilage formation, secondary cartilage, components of cartilage, and pathology of cartilage; intramembranous and endochondral bone formation; RUNX genes and cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD); osterix; histone deacetylase 4 and Runx2; Ligand to receptor activator of NFkappaB (RANKL), RANK, osteoprotegerin, and osteoimmunology; WNT signaling, LRP5 mutations, and beta-catenin; the role of leptin in bone remodeling; collagens, collagenopathies, and osteogenesis imperfecta; FGFs/FGFRs, FGFR3 skeletal dysplasias, craniosynostosis, and other disorders; short limb chondrodysplasias; molecular control of the growth plate in endochondral bone formation and genetic disorders of IHH and PTHR1; ANKH, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, and chondrocalcinosis; transforming growth factor beta, Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED), and Marfan syndrome, types I and II; an ACVR1 mutation and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva; MSX1 and MSX2: biology, mutations, and associated disorders; G protein, activation of adenylyl cyclase, GNAS1 mutations, McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy; FLNA and associated disorders; and morphological development of teeth and their genetic mutations.
Generation Mechanism of Galloping of a Square Prism (2002)

The generation mechanism and suppression of flow-induced vibration of rectangular prisms were experimentally investigated. The present study focused galloping of a square prism, which is one of flow-induced vibrations generated in a rectangular prism. The square prism having width to height ratio B/H=1.0 in which galloping starting spontaneously from rest can occur for 0.75<B/H<3.0,approximately, is adopted. At first, the response characteristics of a square prism are investigated on the free-vibration test. Next, the generation mechanism of galloping is discussed with the results of the forced-vibration test. The experimental results obtained in a wind tunnel showed that the galloping becomes divergent when work done by fluctuating lift is positive work.
A Novel Resource Allocation Method for HSUPA with Successive Interference Cancellation (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the potential benefit of successive interference cancellation (SIC) in high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA). We explore the possibility of improving the performance of HSUPA by introducing the SIC and we also bring forward a novel scheduling method named effective power-based load control (EPBLC) to extend its advantage. Finally we give the conclusion that with SIC and EPBLC, we can get 43%-56% throughput gain under different interference cancellation efficiency.
Driving with Visual Field Loss: An Exploratory Simulation Study (2009)

The goal of this study was to identify the influence of peripheral visual field loss (VFL) on driving performance in a motion-based driving simulator.Sixteen drivers (6 with VFL and 10 with normal visual fields) completed a 14 km simulated drive.The simulated scenarios included changes in road geometry, merging, lead vehicle braking and incursion events; outcome measures were head movements, lane position, accelerator release time, collisions, and subjective assessment of driving patterns.There were significant differences between groups in some driving performance measures.Those with VFL demonstrated more variability in lane maintenance on curves and when departing the freeway, as well as delayed accelerator release and reduced time to simulated collision during an unexpected hazard event.VFL participants did not exhibit expected compensatory behaviors such as greater variability in head movements.The results suggest some differences in driving performance and driving patterns between the groups.17.
Effects of peri-operatively administered diclofenac and indomethacin on blood loss, bleeding time and plasma prostanoids in man. (1989)

Sixty-seven patients scheduled for gynaecological laparotomy were anaesthetized with enflurane and divided at random into three groups to investigate double blind the effects of diclofenac (21 pts), indomethacin (23 pts) and placebo (23 pts) on haemostasis. Of each group eight to ten patients were chosen at random for estimation of peri-operative concentrations of prostanoids in plasma (thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2). The pre-operative loading dose was diclofenac 33.6 mg or indomethacin 25 mg, followed by infusion for 24 h of diclofenac 6.7 mg h-1 or indomethacin 5 mg h-1. A fourth group received balanced anaesthesia (21 pts) and served as an additional control group for estimation of bleeding tendency and blood loss. The groups matched statistically for duration of surgery, age, weight, and height. No significant differences were found for prostaglandin E2 values, operation time, intra-operative blood loss, bleeding time, and frequency of post-operative haematomas. The most frequent surgeons' complaint was of increased bleeding tendency with indomethacin (P less than 0.001). Thromboxane B2 values in plasma were increased 30 min (66%) and 24 h (30%) after beginning of surgery in the placebo group (P less than 0.025). Diclofenac and indomethacin totally abolished these increases. During infusion of the loading dose of indomethacin one patient developed bradyarrhythmia, which was easily treated. No other complications appeared.
Magnetic Wireless Motion Capturing System and its Application for Jaw Tracking System and 3D Computer Input Device (2003)

We have developed a new tracking system of jaw movement. The system consists of two permanent NdFeB magnets and 32 elements of two-axial fluxgate sensor array, The two magnets are attached to head portion and front tooth. This system does not need any attachments of the head portion or mouth such as clutch or magnetic field sensor except magnets. The proposed system is applicable for five degree of freedom. Position accuracy within 2]m was achieved. We developed a 3D computer input device by using the above mentioned technique.
<i>N</i>-Deacetyl-<i>N</i>-aminoacylthiocolchicine Derivatives:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation on MDR-Positive and MDR-Negative Human Cancer Cell Lines (1999)

A new series of N-deacetyl-N-(N-trifluoroacetylaminoacyl)thiocolchicine derivatives 9-15 have been synthesized starting from the corresponding N-deacetylthiocolchicine (3) and the N-trifluoroacetylamino acids 5-8 which were used as a racemic mixture. The trifluoroacetyl protecting group has been removed easily, giving the corresponding N-deacetyl-N-aminoacylthiocolchicines 16-22. Optical pure compounds 9-22 were isolated from the diastereoisomeric mixture or were prepared starting from compound 3 and an optical pure amino acid derivative; the configuration of each compound was assigned unequivocally. The diastereoisomeric couples of amino acids synthesized were tested, and their antiproliferative activity on MDR-positive and MDR-negative human cancer cell lines was evaluated.
Multivalent Vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis (2010)

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection that cause severe economic burden in several parts of the world. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection in human. Multidrug therapy is effective, however, requires annual treatment and there is significant concern of drug resistance. In this manuscript we describe development of a multivalent DNA based vaccine comprising BmALT-2 and BmHSP antigens of lymphatic filariasis. Challenge experiments using third stage infective larvae of Brugia malayi in a mouse model suggested that nearly 90% protection can be achieved using the multivalent formulation in a DNA prime protein boost approach. The vaccination regimen induced significant IgG antibody responses and ELISPOT analysis for secreted cytokines from the spleen cells of vaccinated animals showed that these cells produce significant amount of IL-4. Results from this study thus show that a multivalent vaccine formulation of BmALT-2 and BmHSP is an excellent vaccine for lymphatic filariasis and significant protection can be achieved against a challenge infection with B. malayi in a mouse model.
The Wsh, W57, and Ph Kit Expression Mutations Define Tissue-Specific Control Elements Located Between −23 and −154 kb Upstream of Kit (1999)

The Kit and PDGFRa receptor tyrosine kinases are encoded in close proximity at the murine white spotting (W) and patch (Ph) loci. Whereas W mutations affect hematopoiesis, melanogenesis, and gametogenesis, the Ph mutation affects melanogenesis and causes early lethality in homozygotes. The W(sh), W(57), and Ph mutations diminish Kit expression in certain cell types such as mast cells and enhance it in others. The W(sh), W(57), and Ph mutations arose from deletions and inversions affecting sequences in between the Kit and PDGFRa genes. We have determined the precise location of the breakpoint of the W(sh) inversion and the endpoints of the W(57) deletion upstream of the Kit transcription start site and examined the effect of these mutations on Kit expression in mast cells and hematopoietic stem cells and lineage progenitors. Our results indicate that positive elements controlling Kit expression in mast cells mapping in between -23 and -154 kb from the transcription start site can be dissociated from negative elements controlling Kit misexpression during embryonic development in the vicinity of the PDGFRa gene. In addition, we have identified two clusters of hypersensitive sites in mast cells at -23 -28 kb and -147 -154 kb from the Kit gene transcription start site. Analysis of these hypersensitive sites in mutant mast cells indicates a role for HS4-6 in Kit expression in mast cells. These findings provide a molecular basis for the phenotype of these Kit expression mutations and they provide insight into the complex mechanisms governing the regulation of Kit expression.
Dimerization properties of the<i>Rp</i>BphP2 chromophore-binding domain crystallized by homologue-directed mutagenesis (2012)

Bacteriophytochromes (BphPs) are biliverdin IXα-containing photoreceptors that photoconvert between red (Pr) and far-red (Pfr) absorbing states. BphPs are one half of a two-component system that transmits a light signal to a histidine kinase domain and then to a gene-response regulator. In Rhodopseudomonas palustris, synthesis of a light-harvesting complex (LH4) is controlled by two BphPs (RpBphP2 and RpBphP3). Despite their high sequence identity (52%), their absorption spectra are very different. The spectra of RpBphP2 exhibit classic Pr-to-Pfr photoconversion, whereas RpBphP3 quenches and a high-energy Pnr state emerges [Giraud et al. (2005), J. Biol. Chem. 280, 32389-32397]. Crystallization of the chromophore-binding domain (CBD) of RpBphP2 (RpBphP2-CBD) proved to be difficult and the structure of RpBphP3-CBD was used to crystallize RpBphP2-CBD* using homologue-directed mutagenesis. The structure shows that dimerization is an important factor in successful crystallization of RpBphP2-CBD* and arises from an N136R mutation. Mutations at this site correlate with an ability to dimerize in other truncated BphPs and may also be important for full-length dimer formation. Comparison of the RpBphP3-CBD and RpBphP2-CBD* biliverdin IXα pockets revealed that the former has additional hydrogen bonding around the B and D pyrrole rings that may constrain photoconversion to Pfr, resulting in a strained photoexcited Pnr state.
Systematic review: proton‐pump inhibitor failure in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease – where next? (2005)

Proton-pump inhibitor failure has become a common clinical dilemma in gastrointestinal clinics and has been increasingly encountered at the primary care level as well. Underlying mechanisms are diverse and may overlap. Most patients who have proton-pump inhibitor failure are likely to originate from the non-erosive reflux disease phenotype. Currently, available diagnostic modalities provide limited clues to the exact underlying cause. Treatment relies primarily on escalating dosing of proton-pump inhibitors. However, new insights into the pathophysiology of proton-pump inhibitor failure are likely to provide alternative therapeutic options.
Performance studies of remote method invocation in Java (2003)

In 1999 Sun Microsystems and IBM introduced a new version of Java's remote method invocation (RMI), called remote method invocation over Internet inter-object request broker (ORB) protocol (RMI over HOP), with the release of JDK1.3. The new RMI API uses a different transport protocol than the original RMI, that is compliant to Common Object Request Broker Architecture's (CORBA) Internet Inter-ORB (IIOP) specification. The original RMI uses the Java remote method protocol (JRMP) as the transport protocol. This paper illustrates that HOP is less efficient in the transmission of data than JRMP in spite of the fact that it uses less TCP packets. The goal is to allow developers to decide when to use JRMP versus RMI over HOP when Java to Java object communications are involved and performance cost is of issue.
A novel, fast, and complete 3D segmentation of vertebral bones (2010)

Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and fracture analysis of the spine bones are restricted to the Vertebral bodies (VBs), especially the trabecular bones (TBs). In this paper, we propose a novel, fast, and robust 3D framework to segment VBs and trabecular bones in clinical computed tomography (CT) images without any user intervention. The Matched filter is employed to detect the VB region automatically. To segment the whole VB, the graph cuts method which integrates a linear combination of Gaussians (LCG) and Markov Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) is used. Then, the cortical and trabecular bones are segmented using local volume growing methods. Validity was analyzed using ground truths of data sets (expert segmentation) and the European Spine Phantom (ESP) as a known reference. Experiments on the data sets show that the proposed segmentation approach is more accurate than other known alternatives.
VI.— <b>The Marginal Intrusions of Ben Nevis; the Coille Lianachain Complex; and the Ben Nevis Dyke Swarm</b> (1935)

I. INTRODUCTION. Subject of Paper. —The igneous complex of Ben Nevis is one of many intruded into the metamorphic rocks of the Highlands in Lower Old Red Sandstone times. It consists of a central core of volcanic rocks resting upon schist which has subsided into, and is now completely surrounded by, the Inner Granite. This in its turn is two-thirds encircled by a slightly more basic, and earlier, intrusion known as the Outer Granite (Fig. 1). The two main schist formations into which the Ben Nevis complex is exteriorly intruded are the Leven Schists and the Ballachulish Limestone. On the north-west side, however, the igneous rock also comes in contact with the Eilde Flags and on the north side with black schist grouped with the Ballachulish Slates. The Outer Granite is in the main a strikingly porphyritic pink rock, but around seven-eights of its periphery there is a non-porphyritic margin of varying breadth (Fig. 2). Very similar rock types to those found in this non-porphyritic margin also occur in the small plutonic mass (with an outcrop of a little under one square mile) lying half a mile to the east of the extreme north-east corner of the Ben Nevis complex and about three miles south of Spean Bridge (Fig. 7). No detailed account of this intrusion has yet been published, and from the wood which covers part of its outcrop it is proposed to refer to it as the Coille Lianachain mass. It is with the latter, and with the non-porphyritic This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract The author wishes to acknowledge the invaluable help rendered by Professor E. B. Bailey, Mr. A. G. MacGregor and Dr. G. W. Tyrrell in the preparation of the paper. Acknowledgement is also due to the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office for permission to reproduce Fig. 1 from the Geological Survey Memoir on Ben Nevis and Glen Coe (1916) and for the loan of the block, and to the Institute of Quarrying for permission to reproduce two illustrations from the “Quarry Managers’ Journal” (March, 1934). He wishes also to express his thanks to the Geological Survey for offering every facility to examine maps, sections and other material. The cost of analyses and part of the cost of publication has been defrayed by a generous grant from the Carnegie Trustees for the Universities of Scotland.
Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit der B-Vitamine (1988)

Für die Behandlung schmerzhafter Erkrankungen werden u. a. feste Mischungen der Vitamine B1, B6 und B12, wie zum Beispiel Neurobion, therapeutisch eingesetzt. Insbesondere finden diese Vitaminmischungen in der Klinik Anwendung bei Neuralgien. Zusammen mit nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika (zum Beispiel in Neurofenac) dienen sie der Therapie von entzündlichen Schmerzzuständen, die vor allem dem rheumatischen Formenkreis angehören. Da tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur antinozizeptiven Wirkung der Einzelvitamine oder deren Mischungen nur vereinzelt berichtet wurden (1, 2, 4), ging die vorliegende Arbeit folgenden drei Fragen nach:
Driver IC attachment using anisotropic conductive film for a liquid crystal display. (1997)

Driver IC attachment using anisotropic conductive film for a liquid crystal display
A study of the inverse Wiedemann effect on circular remanence (1974)

The Inverse Wiedemann Effect is examined in the absence of any coincident external source of magnetic field. The induced axial magnetization arises from the interaction of torsional strain and remanent circular magnetization. The effect is found to be highly structure sensitive and a clear indicator of the magnitude and distribution of the circular remanence. Variations with applied strain continue at all strain levels through fracture. Diverse hysteresis effects are demonstrated with strain relaxation and reversal. The effect has varying degrees of stability under conditions of cyclic strain reversals. The experimental data are shown to be consistent with interpretations based on domain theory. The axial magnetization as a function of unit shear strain is shown to be recoverable from data acquired with solid specimens, the use of which is defended.
Beat-to-Beat Tracking of Systolic Blood Pressure Using Noninvasive Pulse Transit Time During Anesthesia Induction in Hypertensive Patients (2012)

Beat-to-beat PTT was fairly well correlated with invasive systolic BP and could predict a reduction in systolic BP during anesthesia induction. Beat-to-beat PTT may show potential as a useful noninvasive index of systolic BP when invasive BP is unavailable in high-risk hypertensive patients.
Exploring causality via identification of SNPs or haplotypes responsible for a linkage signal (2007)

In a small chromosomal region, a number of polymorphisms may be both linked to and associated with a disease. Distinguishing the potential causal sites from those indirectly associated due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a causal site is an important problem. This problem may be approached by determining which of the associations can explain the observed linkage signal. Recently, several methods have been proposed to aid in the identification of disease associated polymorphisms that may explain an observed linkage signal, using genotype data from affected sib pairs (ASPs) [Li et al. [2005] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76:934-949; Sun et al. [2002] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:399-411]. These methods can be used to test the null hypothesis that a candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the sole causal variant in the region, or is in complete LD with the sole causal variant in the region. We extend variations of these methods to test for complete LD between a disease locus and haplotypes composed of two or more tightly linked candidate SNPs. We study properties of the proposed methods by simulation and apply them to type 1 diabetes data for ASPs and their parents at candidate SNP and microsatellite marker loci in the Insulin (INS) gene region.
Self-Organized InGaAs Quantum Dots for Advanced Applications in Optoelectronics (2002)

We report on the fabrication of quantum dot (QDs) heterostructures for applications in optoelectronics. Different kinds of QDs are currently used: (i) three-dimensional quantum dots obtained by Stranski-Krastanow or Volmer-Weber growth in the InAs–GaAs material system, (ii) two-dimensionally-shaped QDs formed by submonolayer insertions in the InAs–GaAs and similar systems, (iii) GaAs QDs formed on a corrugated (311)A AlAs surface, (iv) and QDs obtained by spinodal decomposition and activated spinodal decomposition in InGaAs–GaAs and InGaAsN–GaAs material systems. Formation of uniformly sized and shaped QDs is possible in all of these approaches and is mostly governed by thermodynamics. Ultrahigh modal gain and giant optical nonlinearity can be achieved in dense arrays of very small QDs. Long wavelength (1.3–1.6 µm) emission can be achieved using large InAs QDs. Recent advances in growth have made possible the realization of GaAs 1.3 µm continuous wave (CW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with ∼ 0.8 mW output power and long operation lifetime.
The Bournewood Case (2002)

Mental health law is governed by a complex interaction of statute and common law backed up by the European Convention of Human Rights.Yet there remains a lack of clarity about the use of the statute over common law where a person is unable to consent to admission but is not actively refusing to go to, and stay in, hospital. When should the Mental Health Act, with all its associated safeguards and checks and balances, be used in preference to common law, which provides no opportunities for review of detention? Will the Government’s review of the Mental Health Act 1983 provide further statutory safeguards for this group of patients? And to what extent will an individual’s detention give rise to a possible application under Article 5 of the Human Rights Act for deprivation of liberty? To address these questions, it is worth dwelling on the limitations of existing law and revisiting the implications of the landmark Bournewood case, in the light of renewed parliamentary and media attention brought about by Helen Clark MP’s Ten Minute Rule Bill. Criticism has been building of the Government’s lack of action to remedy what is now widely called ‘the Bournewood Gap’, also described by Lord Steyn, dissenting judge in the case, as ‘an indefensible gap in our mental health law’. The Patients Without Capacity (Safeguards Bill) represents an attempt by Helen Clark (Member of Parliament for Peterborough) to introduce legislation to amend the scope of the Mental Health Act and provide protection for persons with mental disorders unable to consent to being treated in hospital (R v Bournewood Community and Mental Health NHS Trust ex parte L (1998 All ER319). THE PROBLEM OF INFORMAL DETENTION
Soft-output detector for channels with intersymbol interference and Markov noise memory (2003)

The paper presents the forward-backward soft-output detector for channels with intersymbol interference and correlated (and/or signal-dependent) channel noise. We utilize the Markov noise assumption to keep the detector complexity in check. Particular attention is given to channels with Gauss-Markov noise statistics. We demonstrate that the detector can be built with the same hardware used for a maximum likelihood sequence detector (Viterbi detector), i.e., using a bank of finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Possible applications of the detector are in iterative decoding applications (e.g., turbo coding).