gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polo-like Kinase 1: A Potential Therapeutic Option in Combination with Conventional Chemotherapy for the Management of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2012)

Breast cancers are composed of molecularly distinct subtypes with different clinical outcomes and responses to therapy. To discover potential therapeutic targets for the poor prognosis-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), gene expression profiling was carried out on a cohort of 130 breast cancer samples. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was found to be significantly overexpressed in TNBC compared with the other breast cancer subtypes. High PLK1 expression was confirmed by reverse phase protein and tissue microarrays. In triple-negative cell lines, RNAi-mediated PLK1 depletion or inhibition of PLK1 activity with a small molecule (BI-2536) induced an increase in phosphorylated H2AX, G(2)-M arrest, and apoptosis. A soft-agar colony assay showed that PLK1 silencing impaired clonogenic potential of TNBC cell lines. When cells were grown in extracellular matrix gels (Matrigel), and exposed to BI-2536, apoptosis was observed specifically in TNBC cancerous cells, and not in a normal cell line. When administrated as a single agent, the PLK1 inhibitor significantly impaired tumor growth in vivo in two xenografts models established from biopsies of patients with TNBC. Most importantly, the administration of BI-2536, in combination with doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, led to a faster complete response compared with the chemotherapy treatment alone and prevented relapse, which is the major risk associated with TNBC. Altogether, our observations suggest PLK1 inhibition as an attractive therapeutic approach, in association with conventional chemotherapy, for the management of patients with TNBC.
Cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of the genes encoding the cytochrome d oxidase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii (1991)

Azotobacter vinelandii is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has one of the highest respiratory rates of all aerobic organisms. Based on various physiological studies, a d-type cytochrome has been postulated to be the terminal oxidase of a vigorously respiring but apparently uncoupled branch of the electron transport system in the membranes of this organism. We cloned and characterized the structural genes of the two subunits of this oxidase. The deduced amino acid sequences of both subunits of the A. vinelandii oxidase have extensive regions of homology with those of the two subunits of the Escherichia coli cytochrome d complex. Most notably, the histidine residues proposed to be the axial ligands for the b hemes of the E. coli oxidase and an 11-amino-acid stretch proposed to be part of the ubiquinone binding site are all conserved in subunit I of the A. vinelandii oxidase. The A. vinelandii cytochrome d was expressed in a spectrally and functionally active form in the membranes of E. coli, under the control of the lac or tac promoter. The spectral features of the A. vinelandii cytochrome d expressed in E. coli are very similar to those of the E. coli cytochrome d. The expressed oxidase was active as a quinol oxidase and could reconstitute an NADH to oxygen electron transport chain.
Field Emission Energy Distribution (FEED) (1973)

The technique of measuring the energy distribution of electrons which have been field emitted from a cold cathode is considered. The general historical and introductory theory is presented. A survey of the experimental techniques and existing energy analyzers is given. Specific studies on clean metal surfaces in which work functions, band structure effects, surface states, thermal effects, and many-body effects have been studied are reviewed from both the experimental and theoretical points of view. Field emission energy distributions have been particularly valuable in studies of atoms chemisorbed on surfaces. Several theories of enhanced resonance tunneling due to chemisorbed atoms are discussed. Specific systems studied experimentally are reviewed. Inelastic adsorbate enhanced tunneling is also treated.
Electric and dielectric properties of wet human cortical bone as a function of frequency (1992)

In this paper, the electrical and dielectric properties of wet human cortical bone from a distal tibia were examined as a function of frequency and direction. The resistance and capacitance of the cortical bone specimens were measured at near 100% relative humidity. The measurements were made in all three orthogonal directions at discrete frequencies ranging from 120 Hz to 10 MHz using an LCR meter. At a frequency of 100 kHz, the mean resistivity and specific capacitance for the ten cortical bone specimens were 1.55 k omega-cm and 33.81 pF/cm in the axial direction, 15.79 k omega-cm and 9.98 pF/cm in the circumferential direction, and 21.5 k omega-cm and 9.83 pF/cm in the radial direction. All electrical and dielectric properties except the resistivity and the specific impedance were highly frequency dependent for the frequency range tested. However, the resistivity and specific impedance were relatively less frequency dependent. All electrical and dielectric properties were also transversely isotropic in nature, the values for the axial direction being different from the values obtained for the two transverse directions.
Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus (1997)

Melanocortins are peptides, cleaved from the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor, that act in the brain to reduce food intake and are potential mediators of leptin action. In the forebrain, melanocortins are derived from POMC-containing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. To test the hypothesis that these POMC neurons are regulated by leptin, we used in situ hybridization to determine whether reduced leptin signaling (as occurs in fasting), genetic leptin deficiency (in obese ob/ob mice), or genetic leptin resistance (in obese db/db mice) lower expression of POMC mRNA. We further hypothesized that leptin administration would raise hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in leptin-deficient animals, but not in mice with defective leptin receptors. In wild-type mice (n = 12), fasting for 48 h lowered POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus by 53%, relative to values in fed controls (n = 8; P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, arcuate nucleus POMC mRNA levels were reduced by 46 and 70% in genetically obese ob/ob (n = 6) and db/db mice (n = 6), respectively, as compared with wild-type mice (n = 5) (P &lt; 0.01 for both comparisons). Five daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant murine leptin (150 μg) raised levels of POMC mRNA in the rostral arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice (n = 8) by 73% over saline-treated ob/ob control values (n = 8; P &lt; 0.01), but was without effect in db/db mice (n = 6). In normal rats, two injections of a low dose of leptin (3.5 μg) into the third cerebral ventricle (n = 15) during a 40-h period of fasting also increased POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus to values 39% greater than those in vehicle-treated controls (n = 14; P = 0.02). We conclude that reduced central nervous system leptin signaling owing to fasting or to genetic defects in leptin or its receptor lower POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus. The finding that leptin reverses this effect in ob/ob, but not db/db, mice suggests that leptin stimulates arcuate nucleus POMC gene expression via a pathway involving leptin receptors. These findings support the hypothesis that leptin signaling in the brain involves activation of the hypothalamic melanocortin system.
Experimental evaluation of large scale WiFi multicast rate control (2016)

WiFi multicast to very large groups has gained attention as a solution for multimedia delivery in crowded areas. Yet, most recently proposed schemes do not provide performance guarantees and none have been tested at scale. To address the issue of providing high multicast throughput with performance guarantees, we present the design and experimental evaluation of the Multicast Dynamic Rate Adaptation (MuDRA) algorithm. MuDRA balances fast adaptation to channel conditions and stability, which is essential for multimedia applications. MuDRA relies on feedback from some nodes collected via a light-weight protocol and dynamically adjusts the rate adaptation response time. Our experimental evaluation of MuDRA on the ORBIT testbed with over 150 nodes shows that MuDRA outperforms other schemes and supports high throughput multicast flows to hundreds of receivers while meeting quality requirements. MuDRA can support multiple high quality video streams, where 90% of the nodes report excellent or very good video quality.
A Stream Algorithm for the SVD (2003)

We present a stream algorithm for the Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) of an MN matrix A. Our algorithm trades speed of numerical convergence for parallelism, and derives from a one-sided, cyclic-by-rows Hestenes SVD. Experimental results show that we can create O(M) parallelism, at the expense of increasing the computational work by less than a factor of about 2. Our algorithm qualifies as a stream algorithm in that it requires no more than a small, bounded amount of local storage per processor and its compute efficiency approaches an optimal 100 % asymptotically for large numbers of processors and appropriate problem sizes.
Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (1986)

A compilation of over 4,000 terms and their definitions relevant to artificial intelligence and robotics. Keeping in mind newcomers and more experienced practitioners in the field, the book includes multiple and alternative meanings, abbreviations, acronyms, and foreign expressions. It supplies both general and specialized entries; cites the relationship between robotics, AI, and computer control terms where applicable, and groups entries containing mutual concepts together alphabetically, by their common term. In addition, the book identifies archaic terms and their preferred alternative, and should prove useful for increasing clarity, exactness, and stabilizing the most current terminology.
Cable characteristics for FieldBus (2003)

FieldBus, an emerging instrument standard, provides data communication among low-power field instruments. The standard specifies a low-speed data rate, under 100 kb/s using single- and multiple-twisted-pair cables at distances up to 1900 m. The intent is to allow FieldBus instruments to be retrofitted to installed cable currently used with low-frequency, analog-signaling instruments. FieldBus represents a new application for this cable. The cable parameters of importance to data communication, attenuation and phase constants, characteristic impedance, and crosstalk, have been measured in the range of 1 kHz to 100 kHz for a group of 15 representative cables, and the results are presented. A compromise terminator that approximates the cable characteristic impedance in the measured frequency range is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wavelength-dependent diffraction patterns from a liquid crystal display (2008)

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are invaluable for a variety of optical applications, including the encoding of programmable diffractive optical elements. The pixel structure in these devices produces a set of diffracted orders of which the central order is the strongest. In most devices that we have examined, the intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern is independent of the wavelength of the illuminating light. Recently we have been examining the performance of LCDs having very small pixel sizes. We compare results for two devices from the same manufacturer. One of them exhibits the normal behavior. For the other, we find surprisingly strong wavelength dependence. The diffraction pattern varies from having most of the energy in the zero order for long wavelengths to having the energy distributed among 50-60 orders as the wavelength decreases. We attribute this behavior to a phase structure over each pixel. We analyze this behavior using a simple two-dimensional model that qualitatively explains the phenomenon. These results can be viewed in two ways--on the positive side this behavior might lead to optical logic or fan-out applications. On the negative side, there is less intensity available in the normally used zero order.
Decorin inhibits glucose-induced lens epithelial cell apoptosis via suppressing p22phox-p38 MAPK signaling pathway (2020)

Results showed that p22phox-p38 pathway may be participated in high glucose induced lens epithelial cell injury, decorin may inhibit the high glucose induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury by suppressing this pathway in part.
448. The elimination of non-angular alkyl groups in aromatisation reactions. Part IV (1960)

W. Cocker, L. O. Hopkins, L. Mabrouk, J. McCormick and T. B. H. McMurry, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 2230 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600002230
Discrete-event simulation modeling tool for routing process in GPSR ad hoc network routing protocol (2007)

Modeling and simulation are traditional methods used to evaluate wireless network design, this paper provides a discrete event simulation modeling tool built using Borland c++ builder 6 to modeling a GPSR protocol routing process in ad hoc wireless network, this paper describe the main components of discrete event simulation tool used in building any discrete event simulation model such as processes, activities, events, it can also help other researchers to build their own simulation tool.
On Construction of Concatenated Low-Density Generator Matrix Codes (2007)

Low-density generator-matrix (LDGM) codes have advantages - fast encoding and parallel decoding, however the performance of the LDGM code is asymptotically bad. This problem can be solved by concatenating two LDGM codes serially. However, little is known about the construction of the concatenated LDGM codes - component LDGM codes, the combination of inner and outer coding rates, inner and outer code weights. In this paper, we investigate the parity check matrix of component LDGM codes that suited to concatenated LDGM codes. We also investigate appropriate combination of inner and outer coding rates and inner and outer code weights, and so on. In addition, we investigate how to set the maximum number of inner and outer iterations for concatenated LDGM codes. Our results are useful for the construction of concatenated LDGM codes.
Scene change detection based on audio and video content analysis (2003)

Scene change detection is an essential step to automatic and content-based video indexing, retrieval, and browsing. In this paper, a robust scene change detection method is presented, which analyzes both audio and visual information sources and accounts for their inter-relations and coincidence to semantically identify video scenes. Audio analysis focuses on the segmentation of audio source into four types of semantic data such as silence, speech, music, and environmental sound. Speech data are further decomposed into different elements according to different speakers. Meanwhile, visual analysis partitions video source into shots. Results from single source segmentation are in some cases suboptimal. By combining visual and audio features, the scene extraction accuracy is enhanced, and more semantic segmentations are developed. Experimental results are proven to be appropriate for content-based video indexing and retrieval.
Viscosity rather than quantity determines lipid lowering effects of dietary fiber in individuals consuming typical North American diet (2006)

Objective To investigate the role of low (wheat), medium (psyllium), and high (viscous fiber blend PGX TM ) viscosity fibers on serum lipid profile. Methods Using a randomized, single blind, crossover design, 22 healthy participants (12M:10F, 34±11 years) on a typical North American diet (50% carbohydrates, 35% fat and 15% protein) and dietary fiber intake 15±5 g/day received addition of either Wheat Bran (WB), Bran Buds with Psyllium (BBP), or PGX (4.7 g/day) cereals, or low‐fiber wheat flour cereal (control) for three weeks separated by one‐week washout periods. Results Comparison between PGX and the control showed that the addition of PGX to the diet significantly lowered serum levels of cholesterol (6.5%, p=0.008), triglycerides (24.0%, p=0.02), ApoB (3.8%, p=0.048), LDL (7.1%, p=0.047), cholesterol/HDL (9.3%, p=0.004), and LDL/HDL (8.4%, p=0.045). Compared to the baseline, PGX significantly decreased serum levels of cholesterol (10.4%, p<0.0001), ApoB (5.7%, p=0.0005), LDL (13.3%, p=0.0007), cholesterol/HDL (9.6%, p=0.001), and LDL/HDL (11.1%, p=0.002) at the end of the 3‐week study period. Other diets (WB, BBP) did not induce significant changes in lipid levels except elevation in ApoB and cholesterol at week 3 on the AB diet. Comparison between diets showed superior lipid‐lowering effect of PGX. Conclusion The addition of a high viscous fiber PGX, but not wheat bran or psyllium, to a metabolically controlled typical North American diet significantly improves blood lipid profile in healthy subjects. Viscosity rather than quantity determines lipid lowering effects of dietary fiber. Research Support: Inovobiologic Inc, Calgary
Theory of Wolf-Rayet Atmospheres (1991)

Theoretical modeling of line and continuum formation in Wolf-Rayet (W-R) atmospheres is reviewed. We examine the basic premises on which the models are built, and critically compare theoretical models with observation. Discrepancies between theory and observation are analyzed to determine their implication for our understanding of W-R atmospheres. Line formation, continuum formation, and the ionization structure of W-R envelopes are examined in detail. Abundance determinations are briefly reviewed.
From Amino Acids to Heteroaromatics—Thiopeptide Antibiotics, Nature's Heterocyclic Peptides (2007)

Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, also serve as precursors to a wide range of other naturally occurring substances including alkaloids, antibiotics, and, the subject of this Review, heterocyclic peptides. Simple alpha-amino acids are converted into complex arrays of heteroaromatic rings that display interesting and potent biological activity. The thiopeptide antibiotics, with their complex molecular architectures, are wonderful examples. In this Review we show how organic chemists have developed innovative methods for the synthesis of the heterocyclic ring systems, including routes inspired by the likely biosynthetic processes, and successfully assembled such building blocks into the final target molecule by application of orthogonal protecting groups and coupling methodologies.
Identification of a Genomic Region between <i>SLC29A1</i> and <i>HSP90AB1</i> Associated with Risk of Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension: CALGB 80405 (Alliance) (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Bevacizumab is a VEGF-specific angiogenesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of multiple cancers. Hypertension is commonly observed during bevacizumab treatment, and high-grade toxicity can limit therapy or lead to cardiovascular complications. The factors that contribute to interindividual variability in blood pressure rise during bevacizumab treatment are not well understood.<b>Experimental Design:</b> To identify genomic regions associated with bevacizumab-induced hypertension risk, sequencing of candidate genes and flanking regulatory regions was performed on 61 patients treated with bevacizumab (19 cases developed early-onset grade 3 hypertension and 42 controls had no reported hypertension in the first six cycles of treatment). SNP-based tests for common variant associations and gene-based tests for rare variant associations were performed in 174 candidate genes.<b>Results:</b> Four common variants in independent linkage disequilibrium blocks between <i>SLC29A1</i> and <i>HSP90AB1</i> were among the top associations. Validation in larger bevacizumab-treated cohorts supported association between rs9381299 with early grade 3+ hypertension (<i>P</i> = 0.01; OR, 2.4) and systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg (<i>P</i> = 0.02; OR, 2.1). rs834576 was associated with early grade 3+ hypertension in CALGB 40502 (<i>P</i> = 0.03; OR, 2.9). These SNP regions are enriched for regulatory elements that may potentially increase gene expression. <i>In vitro</i> overexpression of SLC29A1 in human endothelial cells disrupted adenosine signaling and reduced nitric oxide levels that were further lowered upon bevacizumab exposure.<b>Conclusions:</b> The genomic region between <i>SLC29A1</i> and <i>HSP90AB1</i> and its role in regulating adenosine signaling are key targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4734-44. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Effects of tumor-like assay conditions, ionizing radiation, and hyperthermia on immune lysis of tumor cells by cytotoxic t-lymphocytes. (1976)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL's) harvested from mixed splenic lymphocyte cultures (DBA/2 + C57BL) were tested for their ability to lyse allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells under various tumor-like assay conditions, with or without previous exposure to ionizing radiation or hyperthermia (43°). There was little or no decrease of immune cytolysis when CTL's were assayed by 51Cr release under tumor-like conditions (plateau-phase target cells, low pH, or anoxia) or after irradiation, but cytolytic activity was greatly reduced when CTL's were exposed to heat; 45 min of hyperthermic treatment decreased activity by ≥99% while reducing the apparent cell viability (as indicated by trypan blue exclusion) by only 30%. When the P815 target cells rather than the CTL's were exposed to heat, their susceptibility to immune lysis was not affected even after treatment times that were lethal to the tumor cells. Despite the dissimilar heat sensitivities of CTL and P815 cells, the dose-response curves for inhibition of protein synthesis by heat, as indicated by [3H]leucine incorporation, were similar for both cell types; neither the depression of protein synthesis in heated CTL's nor the decreased cytolytic ability of these cells was reversed within 3 hr. When irradiated or heated P815 cells were incubated with CTL's, the resulting survival curves were always additive, indicating that neither irradiation nor heat treatment affected the susceptibility of the tumor cells to immune attack. The extreme heat sensitivity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes raises important questions about the possible effects of hyperthermic treatment on the immune competence of cancer patients.
Data Search Engine (2007)

Abstract This article provides an overview of the key technologies used to implement various types of search engines, including document search engines, database search engines, document metasearch engines, and database metasearch engines.
Clinical MetaData ontology: a simple classification scheme for data elements of clinical data based on semantics (2019)

CMDO is an ontology and classification scheme for CDEs used in clinical documents. Given the increasing use of CDEs in many studies and real-world clinical documentation, CMDO will be a useful tool for integrating numerous CDEs from different research projects and clinical documents. The CMDO Browser and CMDO-enabled CDE Browser make it easy to search, share, and reuse CDEs, and also effectively integrate and manage CDEs from different studies and clinical documents.