gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2, 1,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2: new metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 produced in the rat kidney (1986)

Three new metabolites of vitamin D2 were produced in vitro by perfusing isolated rat kidneys with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. They were isolated and purified from the kidney perfusate by the techniques of methanol-methylene chloride lipid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. By means of ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and specific chemical reactions, the metabolites were identified as 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2, 1,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2. Both 1,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 were also produced when a kidney was perfused with 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2. Thus, it becomes clear that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 is first hydroxylated at C-24 to form 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2, which is then further hydroxylated at C-28 and C-26 to form 1,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, respectively. From several recent studies, it has been well established that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is converted into various further metabolites in the kidney as a result of chemical reactions such as C-23, C-24, and C-26 hydroxylations, C-24 ketonization, and C-23:C-26 lactonization. From our study it is obvious that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 does not undergo all of the aforementioned chemical reactions except C-24 and C-26 hydroxylations. Also, our study indicates that C-28 hydroxylation plays a significant role in the further metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Thus, for the first time, we describe a novel further metabolic pathway for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in a mammalian kidney.
Oxidation of Gaseous Hydrocarbons by a Gaseous Hydrocarbon Assimilating Mold,<i>Scedosporium</i>sp. A-4 (1989)

Journal Article Oxidation of Gaseous Hydrocarbons by a Gaseous Hydrocarbon Assimilating Mold, Scedosporium sp. A-4 Get access Masayuki Onodera, Masayuki Onodera Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshihiko Endo, Yoshihiko Endo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nagahiro Ogasawara Nagahiro Ogasawara Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 7, 1 July 1989, Pages 1947–1951, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869592 Published: 01 July 1989 Article history Received: 10 February 1989 Published: 01 July 1989
Full-field imaging of gigahertz film bulk acoustic resonator motion (2003)

A full-field view laser ultrasonic imaging method has been developed that measures acoustic motion at a surface without scanning. Images are recorded at normal video frame rates by using dynamic holography with photorefractive interferometric detection. By extending the approach to ultra high frequencies, an acoustic microscope has been developed that is capable of operation at Gigahertz frequency and micron length scales. Both acoustic amplitude and phase are recorded, allowing full calibration and determination of phases to within a single arbitrary constant. Results are presented of measurements at frequencies of 800-900 MHz, illustrating a multitude of normal mode behavior in electrically driven thin film acoustic resonators. Coupled with microwave electrical impedance measurements, this imaging mode provides an exceptionally fast method for evaluation of electric-to-acoustic coupling of these devices and their performance. Images of 256 x 240 pixels are recorded at 18 fps rates synchronized to obtain both in-phase and quadrature detection of the acoustic motion. Simple averaging provides sensitivity to the subnanometer level at each pixel calibrated over the image using interferometry. Identification of specific acoustic modes and their relationship to electrical impedance characteristics show the advantages and overall high speed of the technique.
Characterization of antigenic determinants on human solubilized apolipoprotein B. Conformational requirements for lipids. (1984)

The expression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) antigenic determinants in the delipidated and solubilized apolipoprotein B (apo-B) free of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been studied. Of the six distinct determinants which react with previously characterized monoclonal antibodies against LDL (Milne, R.W., Theolis , R., Jr., Verdery , R.B., and Marcel , Y.L. (1983) Arteriosclerosis 3, 23-30), only one, that recognized by antibody 1D1 , was expressed on the soluble apo-B, indicating that soluble apo-B may be partly denatured. The average immunoreactivity of apo-B with antibody 1D1 was similar to or lower than that of intact LDL (mean 36%, range 93-20%). Therefore, delipidation and solubilization did not expose on apo-B any additional site reactive with 1D1 . When apo-B was equilibrated with either SDS micelles or with cholesterol-lecithin liposomes, the immunoreactivity of the determinant recognized by antibody 2D8 was partially regenerated, but not that of the others. In contrast, incubation of apo-B with microemulsions containing a hydrophobic core of cholesteryl esters also restored the antigenicity of the determinants reacting with antibodies 3F5 , 4G3 , and 5E11 . However, the regeneration of these antigenic determinants could only be achieved when solubilized apo-B was treated with SDS prior to equilibration with microemulsion preparations. In conclusion, three types of antigenic determinants have been identified on apo-B. The first type, such as that recognized by antibody 1D1 , is expressed both on LDL and on apo-B and is constituted by the primary and secondary structure of apo-B. The second type, an example being that recognized by 2D8 , is a conformational determinant which requires the presence of amphipathic lipids such as lecithin and cholesterol or SDS micelles. The third type, which reacts with antibodies 3F5 , 4G3 , and 5E11 , represents different conformational determinants which require the association of apo-B with lipid structures having a cholesteryl ester hydrophobic core. It may be significant that the latter determinants are those close to the LDL receptor-binding site on apo-B and that this domain of apo-B has a complex tertiary and quaternary structure as evidenced by the conformational requirements of the antigenic determinants.
Nutrition and Metabolism in Pregnancy: Mother and Fetus (1991)

Discusses maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients indicating that the quantity of nutrients reaching the fetus reflects not only what the mother eats, but also her capacity to make the ingested nutrients available to the fetus. Includes chapters on physiological changes of pregnancy; maternal metabolism of energy substrates, amino acids, vitamins and minerals; fetal growth and nutritional needs; maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients; maternal caloric intake and fetal growth; fetal consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies; nutritional care during pregnancy; and nutritional care of gravidas with special problems
A 1.7 mW 11b 250 MS/s 2-Times Interleaved Fully Dynamic Pipelined SAR ADC in 40 nm Digital CMOS (2012)

A 250 MS/s 2x interleaved 11 bit pipelined SAR ADC in 40 nm digital CMOS is presented. Each ADC channel consists of a 6b coarse SAR, a dynamic residue amplifier and a 7b fine SAR with a total of two bits of redundancy. Calibration is leveraged to adjust the uncertain gain of the chosen residue amplifier and various other non-idealities. The ADC achieves a peak SNDR of 62 dB at 10 MS/s, and 56 dB for a Nyquist input at 250 MS/s. The low frequency energy per conversion step ranges from 7 fJ at 10 MS/s to 10 fJ at 250 MS/s.
From Medical Images to CFD Meshes. (1999)

. Several image processing operators are combined with various computational geometry techniques, in order to quickly generate discrete surface representations of arteries from medical images. These surface representations are then used to generate finite element meshes suitable for CFD calculations of blood flow in arteries. Keywords. Mesh Generation, Hemodynamics, Medical Images. 1 Introduction The proper flow of blood through the human body is directly related to wellbeing and health. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to muscles and tissues, and removes residues and other harmful substances from the cells. The obstruction of blood flow leads to several common diseases [1]: Atherosclerosis, a disease of large and medium size arteries [2, 3, 4], is the main cause of death in the U.S. and most of the world [5]. Clinical observations have shown that atherosclerosis has a pattern which is of local nature and that sites of branching, high curvature and bifurcation are associated ...
A new variant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-fusion protein (ATIC-ALK) in a case of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. (2000)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lymphomas ("ALKomas") constitute a distinct molecular and clinicopathological entity within the heterogeneous group of CD30-positive large cell lymphomas. In 80-85% of cases tumor cells express a Mr 80,000 hybrid protein comprising the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin (NPM) and the ALK. We report here the cloning and expression of a novel ALK-fusion protein from an ALK-positive lymphoma. This case was selected for molecular investigation because of (a) the absence of NPM-ALK transcripts; (b) the atypical staining patterns for ALK (cytoplasm-restricted) and for NPM (nucleus-restricted); and (c) the presence of a Mr 96,000 ALK-protein differing in size from NPM-ALK. Nucleotide sequence analysis of ALK transcripts isolated by 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed a chimeric mRNA corresponding to an ATIC-ALK in-frame fusion. ATIC is a bifunctional enzyme (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase and IMP cyclohydrolase enzymatic activities) that catalyzes the penultimate and final enzymatic activities of the purine nucleotide synthesis pathway. Expression of full-length ATIC-ALK cDNA in mouse fibroblasts revealed that the fusion protein (a) possesses constitutive tyrosine kinase activity; (b) forms stable complexes with the signaling proteins Grb2 and Shc; (c) induces tyrosine-phosphorylation of Shc; and (d) provokes oncogenic transformation. These findings point to fusion with ATIC as an alternative mechanism of ALK activation.
Smart Cards and remote entrusting (2009)

Smart cards are widely used to provide security in end-to-end communication involving servers and a variety of terminals, including mobile handsets or payment terminals. Sometime, end-to-end server to smart card security is not applicable, and smart cards must communicate directly with an application executing on a terminal, like a personal computer, without communicating with a server. In this case, the smart card must somehow trust the terminal application before performing some secure operation it was designed for. This paper presents a novel method to remotely trust a terminal application from the smart card. For terminals such as personal computers, this method is based on an advanced secure device connected through the USB and consisting of a smart card bundled with flash memory. This device, or USB dongle, can be used in the context of remote untrusting to secure portable applications conveyed in the dongle flash memory. White-box cryptography is used to set the secure channel and a mechanism based on thumbprint is described to provide external authentication when session keys need to be renewed. Although not as secure as end-to-end server to smart card security, remote entrusting with smart cards is easy to deploy for mass-market applications and can provide a reasonable level of security.
MHC class III polymorphisms in selection of donors for BMT. (1993)

Current practice for the selection of unrelated donors involves serological typing of HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens, DNA analysis of the class II region and the MLR. However, even after matching for the class II loci at the DNA level, a significant proportion of matched unrelated pairs remain MLR reactive. Ideal matching for BMT would be a match for the whole MHC haplotype rather than individual HLA loci. In the present study, we have evaluated the complementary role of class III typing in determining MHC identity. A group of 86 donor/recipient pairs, of which 14 were unrelated, was investigated using C4, Bf, HSP70 and TNF DNA probes. Phenotypically HLA-matched siblings were always identical at the C4 locus which is the most polymorphic of all the loci examined. Nine of the 14 HLA serologically matched MLR non-reactive (RRI < 20%) unrelated pairs had class III mismatching. Four of these pairs with class III mismatching were matched at the DRB and DQB loci by RFLP analysis. These results demonstrate that serological identity, DRB/DQB RFLP-matching and a negative MLR do not always match the whole haplotype in unrelated pairs. It can be concluded that the linkage of the class III loci to both HLA regions makes this region a reliable marker of the whole MHC haplotype.
The success of household sand filtration (2001)

Despite numerous constraints, community participation remains a central element in most water projects. In fact, the concept is so fundamental that hardly any donor will consider funding a project if no active involvement of an organized group of community members is evident. This article describes the success of a project that actively avoided working with groups, but specifically targeted individuals with the introduction of a simple but effective form of household-level sand filtration.
A novel Bayesian high-resolution direction-of-arrival estimator (2002)

A novel Bayesian high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimator is proposed based on the maximum a posteriori principle. The statistical performance of the Bayesian high-resolution DOA estimator is also investigated. Comparison with MUSIC and maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) shows that the Bayesian estimator has the highest resolution and more accurate estimation for either incoherent or coherent sources. It is also more robust in the case of low SNR.
Microarray Analysis of Host Cell Gene Transcription in Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human T Cells and Fibroblasts In Vitro and SCIDhu Skin Xenografts In Vivo (2002)

During primary infection, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is spread via lymphocytes to skin, where it induces a rash and establishes latency in sensory ganglia. A live, attenuated varicella vaccine (vOka) was generated by using the VZV Oka strain (pOka), but the molecular basis for vOka attenuation remains unknown. Little is known concerning the effects of wild-type or attenuated VZV on cellular gene regulation in the host cells that are critical for pathogenesis. In this study, transcriptional profiles of primary human T cells and fibroblasts infected with VZV in cell culture were determined by using 40,000-spot human cDNA microarrays. Cellular gene transcription in human skin xenografts in SCID mice that were infected with VZV in vivo was also evaluated. The profiles of cellular gene transcripts that were induced or inhibited in infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), T cells, and skin in response to pOka and vOka infection were similar. However, significant alterations in cellular gene regulation were observed among the three differentiated human cell types that were examined, suggesting specific differences in the biological consequences of VZV infection related to the target cell. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarray analysis were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of VZV-infected cells. Interestingly, the transcription of caspase 8 was found to be decreased in infected T cells but not in HFFs or skin, which may signify a tissue-specific antiapoptosis mechanism. The use of microarrays to demonstrate differences in effects on host cell genes in primary, biologically relevant cell types provides background information for experiments to link these various response phenotypes with mechanisms of VZV pathogenesis that are important for the natural course of human infection.
Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy characterization of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">sp</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>bonding fraction within carbon thin films (2000)

When using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to quantify the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}{/sp}^{3}$ bonding fraction in thin film carbon, the spectrum taken from the film must be compared to that of a suitable known standard. In contrast to the work of Berger [S. D. Berger and D. R. McKenzie, Philos. Mag. Lett. 57, 285 (1988)], ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerite is used in this work as the standard since highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is highly anisotropic, and can therefore lead to preferential orientation effects in EELS. It was found that ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ had a shoulder on the high-energy side of the $1\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ peak, which was centered at 287 eV. In theory, many Gaussian peaks can be fitted to the near edge structure (NES) of the energy-loss spectrum. In practice, we show that only three, centered at energies of 285, 287, and 293 eV, are necessary for semiquantitative analysis. The 285 eV peak is indicative of the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ bonding fraction; the second peak at 287 eV is attributed to molecular structure within the sample; the third at 293 eV is determined by ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonding contributions in the sample. We show that by fitting these three peaks to ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerite and evaporated amorphous carbon (a-C), that the a-C has a $0.99{\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ bonding fraction compared with the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerite standard. The importance of considering the 287 eV peak in highly ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ bonded amorphous carbon is further illustrated by analysis of a-C:H:N thin films.
Bingham biplastic analysis of shear thinning and thickening in magnetorheological dampers (2000)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are characterized by dynamic yield stress with the application of a magnetic field. The Bingham plastic model has proven useful in modeling MR fluid properties, as in flow mode dampers. However, certain MR fluids can exhibit shear thinning behavior, wherein the fluid's apparent plastic viscosity decreases at high strain rates. The Bingham plastic model does not account for such behavior, resulting in over-prediction of equivalent viscous damping. This paper proposes a Bingham biplastic model to account for shear thinning or shear thickening. This approach assumes a bilinear post-yield viscosity, with a critical strain rate specifying the region of high strain rate flow. Furthermore, the model introduces non-dimensional terms to account for the additional parameters associated with shear thinning and thickening. A comparison is made between Bingham plastic and Bingham biplastic force responses to sinusoidal input, and equivalent viscous damping is examined with respect to nondimensional parameters.
Experimental Study on a Restarting Procedure at Coasting Condition for a Rotational Angle Sensorless PMSM (2014)

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rotational angle sensorless control system can have a problem with restarting when coasting. A coasting restart method has been proposed that uses the information of the three-phase short circuit current. However the coasting restart conditions of the one-time three-phase short circuit method have not been revealed. This study examined the restart conditions for a rotational angle sensorless PMSM when coasting. In the experimental tests, the duration of the three-phase short circuit was varied to examine its effect on the estimated rotor angle and rotor speed. The experimental test results were numerically analyzed to quantify the effect of the short circuit duration, because the error was caused by linearization of the estimation equation. We propose an enhanced method that considers the time response of the three-phase short circuit current. The proposed method was verified experimentally.
<i>Interactive images</i> (2012)

Images are static and lack important depth information about the underlying 3D scenes. We introduce interactive images in the context of man-made environments wherein objects are simple and regular, share various non-local relations (e.g., coplanarity, parallelism, etc.), and are often repeated. Our interactive framework creates partial scene reconstructions based on cuboid-proxies with minimal user interaction. It subsequently allows a range of intuitive image edits mimicking real-world behavior, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. Effectively, the user simply provides high-level semantic hints, while our system ensures plausible operations by conforming to the extracted non-local relations. We demonstrate our system on a range of real-world images and validate the plausibility of the results using a user study.
Power optimization in multi-processor systems (2010)

In modern computing system, processor technology has evolved tremendously with ever increasing processor frequency and number of processors cores. With better performance, more power is utilized. This research focuses on manipulating processor frequency, taking advantage of frequency scaling feature and combining with processor affinity to optimize power consumption in processors, with the objective to propose a power optimization algorithm. Various test scenarios and test cases are presented to confirm and support the power optimization algorithm using frequency scaling and processor affinity with the optimum configuration.
A Note on the Uncertainty Principle for the Dunkl Transform (2001)

Abstract. Analogues of Heisenberg’s inequality and Hardy’s the-orem are studied for the Dunkl transform. 1.
Construction of a subunit-fusion nitrile hydratase and discovery of an innovative metal ion transfer pattern (2016)

Metallochaperones are metal-binding proteins designed to deliver the appropriate metal to a target protein. The metal is usually transferred between different proteins. In this study, we discovered that metal was transferred between the same subunit of a mutant nitrile hydratase (NHase). Various "activator proteins" mediate the trafficking of metal ions into NHases. We constructed fusion NHases by fusing the β- and α-subunits and/or the "activator proteins" of the NHase from Pseudomonas putida. The fusion NHases exhibited higher thermostability and tolerance to high concentrations of the product amide. The mechanism of the cobalt incorporation changed from a self-subunit swapping pattern to an apoprotein-specific molecular chaperone pattern in vivo and a metallochaperone pattern in vitro. Notably, the cobalt transfer occurred between the same α-subunit in the metallochaperone pattern. These results not only demonstrated the superiority of fusion-type NHases, but also revealed an innovative metal ion transfer pattern in metalloprotein biosynthesis.