gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by indirect co-culture with Schwann cells (2009)

To investigate whether adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could be subject to neural differentiation induced only by Schwann cell (SC) factors, we co-cultured ADSCs and SCs in transwell culture dishes. Immunoassaying, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were performed (1, 3, 7, 14 d) and the co-cultured ADSCs showed gene and protein expression of S-100, Nestin, and GFAP. Further, qRT-PCR disclosed relative quantitative differences in the above three gene expressions. We think ADSCs can undergo induced neural differentiation by being co-cultured with SCs, and such differentia?tions begin 1 day after co-culture, become apparent after 7 days, and thereafter remain stable till the 14th day.
Affinity-Seeking, Social Loneliness, and Social Avoidance among Facebook Users (2013)

This study explored the relations between use of the social networking site Facebook and scores on affinity-seeking, social loneliness, and social avoidance by 313 college students. Social loneliness and social avoidance, but not affinity-seeking, were positively and statistically significantly related to time spent using Facebook. The number of close Facebook friends was negatively and statistically significantly related to social loneliness and social avoidance. Women perceived Facebook as a more integral part of daily interactions than did men. 38% of the 283 Facebook members indicated their accounts contained information and/or a picture that could embarrass them, with men having significantly more embarrassing content than women. The findings are discussed within the context of social compensation.
Endoscopic laser speckle contrast imaging system using a fibre image guide (2011)

There are several challenges when fibre image guides (FIG) are used for endoscopic speckle acquisition: cross talk between fibre cores, FIG fixed pattern noise, the small probe diameter and low sensitivity and resolution due to the decreased number of speckles and their low transmission through the FIG. In this paper, an endoscopic laser speckle contrast analysis system (ELASCA) based on a leached fibre image guide (LFIG) is presented. Different methods of acquiring LASCA images through LFIGs were investigated including the effect of changing the number of speckles per fibre, defocusing the FIG image onto the CCD and processing speckle images with masks and Butterworth filters to deal with the LFIG fixed pattern and noise from the cladding. The experimental results based on a phantom consisting of intralipid suspension pumped at varying speed showed that this system could detect speed changes and that in the case of multiple speckles per fibre the Nyquist frequency criterion need not be applied since the speckle may be transferred through the fibres to some extent. In contrast to the previously reported ELASCA results, this system can both give a map of the observed area and the temporal change in flow. An additional benefit is the small size of the LFIG, which is compatible with current endoscopic instrument channels and may allow additional surgical applications.
Plasma Carnitine Deficiency (1987)

We studied the clinical spectrum associated with secondary plasma carnitine deficiency in 51 pediatric patients. Forty-three patients had total plasma carnitine values below 20 mumol/L and an additional eight patients had total values above 20 mumol/L but had low free plasma carnitine levels. The clinical presentation in the patients with total plasma carnitine deficiency included hypotonia (34 of 43), failure to thrive (27 of 43), recurrent infections (27 of 43), encephalopathy (six of 43), nonketotic hypoglycemia (seven of 43), and cardiomyopathy (nine of 43). Of the eight patients with low free and elevated esterified carnitine levels, the signs and symptoms at presentation included hypotonia (six of eight), recurrent infections (six of eight), failure to thrive (six of eight), encephalopathy (three of eight), nonketotic hypoglycemia (one of eight), and cardiomyopathy (one of eight). All patients were treated with L-carnitine. Treatment time varied from one month to 24 months (average, four months). A subjective improvement in muscle tone was seen in 24 of 38 patients, 22 of 33 patients showed acceleration of incremental growth, and infection frequency appeared to decrease in 18 of 33 patients. After therapy, the echocardiograms of all patients with cardiomyopathy normalized. There were no further hypoglycemic episodes. Of the nine patients with encephalopathy, eight showed improvement in their mental status. Three patients died of complications of their primary disorder. In our experience, secondary plasma carnitine deficiency is a common pediatric finding. The presence of failure to thrive, recurrent infections, hypotonia, encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, or nonketotic hypoglycemia requires investigation of carnitine status.
The development of traditional Chinese medicine in the transformation of Singapore into the regional medical hub and its future direction. (2007)

Minister of Health (MOH) Mr Khaw Boon Wan set forth the idea of Medical Hub in 2003. It is a plan to further develop Singapore as a regional medical centre for its neighbouring countries.\n Currently, the local mainstream medicine—Western medicine is still in the course of improving, though it is more or less in the mature stage. On the other hand, the local Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) industry is just making their first step to strive.
Hydrophilic Auristatin Glycoside Payload Enables Improved Antibody-Drug Conjugate Efficacy and Biocompatibility (2018)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer a combination of antibody therapy and specific delivery of potent small-molecule payloads to target cells. The properties of the ADC molecule are determined by the balance of its components. The efficacy of the payload component increases with higher drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), while homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs are easily prepared by conjugation to the four accessible antibody hinge cystines. However, use of hydrophobic payloads has permitted only DAR = 2-4, due to poor pharmacokinetics and aggregation problems. Here, we describe generation and characterization of homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs carrying a novel auristatin β-D-glucuronide, MMAU. The glycoside payload contributed to overall hydrophilicity of the ADC reducing aggregation. Compared to standard DAR = 2-4 ADCs, cytotoxicity of the homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs was improved to low-picomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values against cancer cells in vitro. Bystander efficacy was restored after ADC internalization and subsequent cleavage of the glycoside, although unconjugated MMAU was relatively non-toxic to cells. DAR = 8 MMAU ADCs were effective against target antigen-expressing xenograft tumors. The ADCs were also studied in 3D in vitro patient-derived xenograft (PDX) assays where they outperformed clinically used ADC. In conclusion, increased hydrophilicity of the payload contributed to the ADC's hydrophilicity, stability and safety to non-target cells, while significantly improving cytotoxicity and enabling bystander efficacy.
Studies on Reproductive Endocrinology in Non-human Primates: Application of Non-invasive Methods (2005)

A practical method for the quantitative measurement of estrone conjugates (E1C), pregnanediol-3-glucronide (PdG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) in the excreta of non-human primates were described. In the series of studies, results suggest that 1) urinary and fecal steroid metabolites accurately reflected the same ovarian or testicular events as observed in plasma steroid profiles in captive Japanese macaques, time lags associated with fecal measurements were one day after appearance in urine; 2) these noninvasive methods were applicable to wild and free-ranging macaques for determining reproductive status; 3) hormonal changes during menstrual cycles and pregnancy could be analyzed by measurement of FSH, CG and steroid metabolites in the excreta in captive great apes and macaques; and 4) hormone-behavior relationships of macaques in their natural habitats and social setting could be analyzed. In macaques, between maternal rejection and excreted estrogen, but not excreted progesterone were associated, moreover, in male study, significantly higher levels of fecal cortisol were observed in high-ranking males. In addition, reliable noninstrumented enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NELISA) for detection of early pregnancy in macaques was established. These results suggest that the noninvasive characteristic of excreted hormone monitoring provide a stress-free approach to the accurate evaluation of reproductive status in primates.
Classification of diabetes in patients with end-stage renal disease. Validation of clinical criteria according to fasting plasma C-peptide. (1992)

An epidemiologic study of end-stage diabetic nephropathy in France (Uremidiab) was performed, aiming to establish the prevalence of both types of diabetes in dialysis patients. Because discrimination between type I and type II diabetes remains mostly clinical, our aim was to evaluate what the most fitted clinical criteria were. We studied 494 hemodialyzed diabetic patients. A first classification (Cn) was offered by the nephrologist. Clinical data of 472 patients (22 patients of the 494 have been excluded) were then collected with a standardized questionnaire, allowing one diabetologist of us to establish the diagnosis of type of diabetes (classification Cd). Plasma C-peptide at this stage of the disease was expected to be very discriminative, measured in 88 patients and defined classification Ccp (< or = 0.6 ng/ml = "negative C-peptide" = type I, > 0.6 ng/ml = "positive C-peptide" = type II). Classification Cd observed 98 type I and 374 type II diabetes. Cn overestimated type I diabetes, 37% of type II diabetes being misclassified because insulin-treated. Classification Ccp observed 74 positive C-peptide patients, classified as type II, among whom 45 were insulin-treated. Only 3 patients were discordant for classification Cd and Ccp. Predictive value of "negative C-peptide" and "positive C-peptide" were 100% and 96% respectively. Multiple regression analysis of the Ccp classification was performed with the clinical criteria and showed very significant correlation with: age at the time of diagnosis of diabetes (AGE), maximal body mass index ever reached (BMI MAX) and delay between diagnosis and consistent insulin use (DI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Foodborne Hepatitis A: Evidence that Microwaving Reduces Risk? (1990)

During July 1988, 68 persons in Chattanooga, Tennessee, developed serologically confirmed hepatitis A. Between 15 June and 3 July, 93% of case-patients ate at a specific restaurant compared with only 3% of the local community. An intravenous drug user who worked as a cook was identified as the source. A case-control study was done to identify the vehicle of transmission. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have eaten hamburger buns and pickles, the only foods routinely handled after cooking. Of the restaurant patrons included in the study, 12 microwaved their food before consumption; none developed clinical illness despite eating large amounts of food handled after cooking. Sandwiches that were not microwaved were significantly associated with illness (odds ratio = 9.6; P less than .02). This epidemiologic evidence suggests that microwaves inactivate hepatitis A virus in food.
Synthesis and Characterization of (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)(Nb<sub>0.7</sub>Ta<sub>0.3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Piezoelectric Ceramics Sintered with Sintering Aid K<sub>5.4</sub>Cu<sub>1.3</sub>Ta<sub>10</sub>O<sub>29</sub> (2005)

The sinterability and electrical properties of (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.7 Ta 0.3 )O 3 ceramics were investigated as functions of K 5.4 Cu 1.3 Ta 10 O 29 (KCT) sintering aid content. The (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.7 Ta 0.3 )O 3 ceramics showed a perovskite single phase and a high density at KCT contents ranging from 0.23 to 0.38 mol %. In this composition range, the electrical properties of (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.7 Ta 0.3 )O 3 ceramics were also improved. The planar-mode electromechanical coupling factor ( k p ) of (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.7 Ta 0.3 )O 3 ceramics reached 0.44–0.46 in this KCT content range. A high mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) of 680 was obtained at a 0.23 mol % KCT content. The (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.7 Ta 0.3 )O 3 ceramics prepared with 0.23 mol % KCT exhibited a field-induced strain of 0.11% at 40 kV/cm and a piezoelectric constant d 33 of 270 pm/V.
Pulsed thermal annealing of arsenic-implanted silicon (1981)

A pulsed thermal annealing system is described which rapidly heats samples to 700°C and can successfully activate and regrow arsenic-implanted damaged layers. The junctions so formed are shown to be of low resistivity and exhibit very good diode characteristics. Residual damage seen after the anneal does not appear to degrade the junction performance.
Practical applications of chemical shift imaging (1992)

Methods of spectral localization are briefly reviewed and divided into two classes: those using phase encoding and those using frequency selective RF pulses in a constant gradient. A potentially troubling artifact in the latter case is the spatial misregistration of different compounds which causes serious errors in 31P spectra from smaller regions. Chemical shift imaging (CSI) is presented as a typical example of phase encoding techniques. An analytical expression for the relationship of the signal observed to the true signal (the point spread function) is derived. Examples of CSI in one, two, and three dimensions are used to illustrate the principles of this type of localization.
[Induction of apoptosis in FAF28 cells by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide]. (2003)

We have studied the influence of translation of inhibitor cycloheximide (CHI) on the Chinese hamster fibroblast line FAF28. This treatment inhibited the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. A short-term treatment and the following removal of CHI reduced the number of apoptotic cells up to the normal level. Under changed conditions (change in CO2 proportion and pH of cultural medium), the ability of CHI to induce apoptosis increases. The study of cell ultrastructure demonstrates three groups of apoptotic cells differing from each other in the state of cytoplasmic organelles: 1) cells with many well-identified organelles; 2) cells with a scanty number of cytoplasmic organelles; 3) cells lacking any recognizable organelles in the cytoplasm. Presumable causes of this morphological variety of apoptotic cells are discussed.
Some Transamination Reactions Involving Vitamin B<sub>6</sub><sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Transamination Reactions Involving Vitamin B61David E. Metzler and Esmond E. SnellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 979–983Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations216LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Confocal microscopy using optical fiber imaging bundles</title> (1996)

We describe a real time white light reflection confocal microscope incorporating an optical fiber bundle. We investigate the optical sectioning properties of the fiber bundle in detail.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective Iodine‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Amination of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)H Bonds with <i>ortho</i>‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Anilines to Give Quinazolines (2012)

Access to quinazolines: The selective amination of C(sp3)H bonds adjacent to nitrogen or oxygen atoms of N-alkylamides, ethers, or alcohols with ortho-carbonyl-substituted anilines constitutes the first step in a tandem annulation that leads to quinazolines in good to excellent yields (see scheme; NIS=N-Iodosuccinimide, TBHP=tert-butyl hydroperoxide). The selectivity of the amination of primary and secondary CH bonds is also noteworthy (left: >3:1, right: >99:1). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Changes in the process of alternative RNA splicing results in soluble B and T lymphocyte attenuator with biological and clinical implications in critical illness (2018)

sBTLA is produced as a result of alternative RNA splicing. This isoform of BTLA has biological significance through changes in cellular proliferation and can predict the diagnosis of sepsis.
Binding of the α<sub>2</sub>Integrin I Domain to Extracellular Matrix Ligands: Structural and Mechanistic Differences between Collagen and Laminin Binding (1998)

The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin functions as a cell surface receptor for collagen on some cells and as both a collagen and laminin receptor on a more restricted subset of cell types including endothelial and epithelial cells. The alpha 2 integrin subunit I domain binds collagen in a divalent cation-dependent manner. In contrast, I domain binding to laminin occurs via both divalent cation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Saturable binding was observed in the presence of either Mn2+ or EDTA, although the extent of binding in Mn2+ was twice that observed in EDTA. Half-maximal binding occurred at about 22 nM I domain in either case. Whereas laminin binding was significantly enhanced by Mn2+, with half-maximal binding occurring at 1.9 mM Mn2+, Mg2+ was much less effective. Deletion of the N-terminal 35 residues of the I domain, including the DXSXS portion of the MIDAS motif, caused a significant diminution of laminin binding activity. Laminin binding by the I domain was significantly inhibited by the alpha 2 beta 1 function-blocking antibody 6F1 in the presence of either EDTA or Mn2+. The non-function-blocking antibody 12F1 had no effect. In contrast to the binding of the alpha 2 integrin I domain to collagen, the laminin binding activity of the I domain was not enhanced by the addition of the first EF hand motif of the integrin.
A remote prolyl isomerization controls domain assembly via a hydrogen bonding network (2009)

Prolyl cis/trans isomerizations determine the rates of protein folding reactions and can serve as molecular switches and timers. In the gene-3-protein of filamentous phage, Pro-213 trans --> cis isomerization in a hinge region controls the assembly of the 2 domains N1 and N2 and, in reverse, the activation of the phage for infection. We elucidated the structural and energetic basis of this proline-limited domain assembly at the level of individual residues by real-time 2D NMR. A local cluster of inter-domain hydrogen bonds, remote from Pro-213, is stabilized up to 3,000-fold by trans --> cis isomerization. This network of hydrogen bonds mediates domain assembly and is connected with Pro-213 by rigid backbone segments. Thus, proline cis/trans switching is propagated in a specific and directional fashion to change the protein structure and stability at a distant position.
Learning Compositional Visual Concepts with Mutual Consistency (2017)

Compositionality of semantic concepts in image synthesis and analysis is appealing as it can help in decomposing known and generatively recomposing unknown data. For instance, we may learn concepts of changing illumination, geometry or albedo of a scene, and try to recombine them to generate physically meaningful, but unseen data for training and testing. In practice however we often do not have samples from the joint concept space available: We may have data on illumination change in one data set and on geometric change in another one without complete overlap. We pose the following question: How can we learn two or more concepts jointly from different data sets with mutual consistency where we do not have samples from the full joint space? We present a novel answer in this paper based on cyclic consistency over multiple concepts, represented individually by generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our method, ConceptGAN, can be understood as a drop in for data augmentation to improve resilience for real world applications. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate its efficacy in generating semantically meaningful images, as well as one shot face verification as an example application.
Automatic detection of fault attack and countermeasures (2009)

Security of smart cards is continuously threatened by many software and hardware attacks. Those attacks focus on giving secret information that are stored in the card like PIN code, secret cryptographic keys, or on granting access to some restricted operations. The main line of this paper is to integrate countermeasure against fault attacks into a Java Card 3.x smart card. So the solutions proposed, allow to transform some annotations that are put by the developer, in information which will guide the code interpreter to detect faults that can occur during programs execution. the proposals are generic in sense that they don't focus on a particular algorithm. Fault Attack, java Card, bytecode, opcode, basic block
Nightly Scheduling of ESO's Very Large Telescope (1998)

A key challenge for ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) will be responding to changing observing conditions in order to maximize the scienti c productivity of the observatory. For queued observations, the nightly scheduling will be performed by sta astronomers using an Operational Toolkit. This toolkit consists of a Mediumand a Short-Term Scheduler, both integrated and accessible through a common graphical user interface. The MTS, developed by ESO, will be used to create candidate lists of observations (queues) based on di erent scheduling criteria. There may be di erent queues based on \seeing, or priority, or any other criteria that is selected by the sta astronomer. An MTS queue is then selected and supplied to the STS for detailed nightly scheduling. The STS uses the Spike scheduling engine, which was originally developed by STScI for use on the Hubble Space Telescope.
Measurement of Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary Mixture Difluoromethane (HFC-32) + Propylene (R-1270) (2005)

Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibria data for the binary mixture of difluoromethane (HFC-32) + propylene (R-1270) at five equally spaced temperatures between (273.15 and 313.15) K were measured by using a circulation-type equilibrium apparatus. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng−Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) combined with the Wong−Sandler mixing rule. It is confirmed that the data calculated by this equation of state are in good agreement with experimental data. Azeotropes of this mixture were found experimentally for all of the temperatures studied here.