gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chemokine CXC4 and CC2 receptors form homo‐ and heterooligomers that can engage their signaling G‐protein effectors and βarrestin (2014)

G-protein-coupled receptors have been shown to assemble at least as dimers early in the biosynthetic path, but some evidence suggests that they can also form larger oligomeric complexes. Using the human chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR2 as models, we directly probed the existence of higher order homo- and heterooligomers in human embryonic kidney cells. Combining bimolecular fluorescence and luminescence complementation (BiFC, BiLC) with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays, we show that CXCR4 and CCR2 can assemble as homo- and heterooligomers, forming at least tetramers. Selective activation of CCR2 with the human monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) resulted in trans-conformational rearrangement of the CXCR4 dimer with an EC50 of 19.9 nM, compatible with a CCR2 action. Moreover, MCP-1 promoted the engagement of Gαi1, Gα13, Gαz, and βarrestin2 to the heterooligomer, resulting in calcium signaling that was synergistically potentiated on coactivation of CCR2 and CXCR4, demonstrating that complexes larger than dimers reach the cell surface as functional units. A mutation of CXCR4 (N119K), which prevents Gi activation, also affects the CCR2-promoted engagement of Gαi1 and βarrestin2 by the heterooligomer, supporting the occurrence of transprotomer regulation. Together, the results demonstrate that homo- and heteromultimeric CXCR4 and CCR2 can form functional signaling complexes that have unique properties.
Editorial Vol.12(1) (2015)

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.12(1) 2015: 1
Toward Mechanism‐based Antioxidant Interventions (2002)

It is generally accepted that one of the major and important contributions to skin aging, skin disorders, and skin diseases results from reactive oxygen species. More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents, such as ultraviolet light, causing oxidative stress. Accelerated cutaneous UV-induced aging, photo aging, is only one of the harmful effects of continual oxygen radical production in the skin. Interestingly, our ELISA assays of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in skin of young and old Balb/c mice showed that cumene hydroperoxide-induced accumulation of the biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in skin of 32-week-old mice occurred independently of their vitamin E status, while no accumulation of oxo8-dG was detectable in the skin of young animals. This suggests that vitamin E is not the major protector of skin against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Production and accumulation of apoptotic cells is one of the characteristic features of skin damage by oxidative stress that, in the absence of effective scavenging by macrophages, dramatically enhances oxidative damage and inflammatory response. In our model experiments, we demonstrated that Cu-OOH induces significant oxidative stress in phospholipids of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) whose characteristic feature is an early and profound oxidation of phosphatidylserine (PS), likely related to PS externalization. Since externalized PS is a signal for recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophage scavenger receptors, PS oxidation may be translatable into elimination of thus damaged NHEKs. Experiments are now underway to determine whether inhibition of PS oxidation by antioxidants may interfere with important signaling functions of oxidative stress in eliminating apoptotic cells.
The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen (1973)

1. Pigeon heart mitochondria produce H(2)O(2) at a maximal rate of about 20nmol/min per mg of protein. 2. Succinate-glutamate and malate-glutamate are substrates which are able to support maximal H(2)O(2) production rates. With malate-glutamate, H(2)O(2) formation is sensitive to rotenone. Endogenous substrate, octanoate, stearoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-carnitine are by far less efficient substrates. 3. Antimycin A exerts a very pronounced effect in enhancing H(2)O(2) production in pigeon heart mitochondria; 0.26nmol of antimycin A/mg of protein and the addition of an uncoupler are required for maximal H(2)O(2) formation. 4. In the presence of endogenous substrate and of antimycin A, ATP decreases and uncoupler restores the rates of H(2)O(2) formation. 5. Reincorporation of ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinone-3 to ubiquinone-depleted pigeon heart mitochondria gives a system in which H(2)O(2) production is linearly related to the incorporated ubiquinone. 6. The generation of H(2)O(2) by pigeon heart mitochondria in the presence of succinate-glutamate and in metabolic state 4 has an optimum pH value of 7.5. In states 1 and 3u, and in the presence of antimycin A and uncoupler, the optimum pH value is shifted towards more alkaline values. 7. With increase of the partial pressure of O(2) to the hyperbaric region the formation of H(2)O(2) is markedly increased in pigeon heart mitochondria and in rat liver mitochondria. With rat liver mitochondria and succinate as substrate in state 4, an increase in the pO(2) up to 1.97MPa (19.5atm) increases H(2)O(2) formation 10-15-fold. Similar pO(2) profiles were observed when rat liver mitochondria were supplemented either with antimycin A or with antimycin A and uncoupler. No saturation of the system with O(2) was observed up to 1.97MPa (19.5atm). By increasing the pO(2) to 1.97MPa (19.5atm), H(2)O(2) formation in pigeon heart mitochondria with succinate as substrate increased fourfold in metabolic state 4, with antimycin A added the increase was threefold and with antimycin A and uncoupler it was 2.5-fold. In the last two saturation of the system with oxygen was observed, with an apparent K(m) of about 71kPa (0.7-0.8atm) and a V(max.) of 12 and 20nmol of H(2)O(2)/min per mg of protein. 8. It is postulated that in addition to the well-known flavin reaction, formation of H(2)O(2) may be due to interaction with an energy-dependent component of the respiratory chain at the cytochrome b level.
Reaktive Isocyanate (1963)

Abstract Nucleophile Verbindungen addieren sich leicht an Sulfonylisocyanate. Aliphatische und cyclische tertiäre Amine bilden mit Sulfonylisocyanaten Additions‐verbindungen mit Betain‐Struktur. Aromatische tertiäre Amine nehmen das Sulfonylisocyanat nur in p‐Stellung auf zu Aminoaroylsulfonsäureamiden, aus denen durch saure Hydrolyse oder Alkoholyse die entsprechenden aromatischen Aminocarbonsäuren bzw. Aminocarbonsäureester erhalten werden. Pyrrole und Indole reagieren mit Sulfonylisocyanaten in 3‐Stellung unter Bildung von N‐Pyrroyl‐ und N‐Indolcarboyl‐sulfonsäuremiden. Bei der Umsetzung von Carbazolen mit Sulfonylisocyanaten tritt die Carbonsäureamidgruppe in p‐Stellung zum Stickstoffatom ein.
Adaptive Feedback Scheme on K-Cell MISO Interfering Broadcast Channel with Limited Feedback (2010)

In this paper, we study a K-cell multiple input single-output interfering broadcast channel (MISO-IFBC) with finite rate feedback. In this channel, we first derive the rate loss due to the quantization error by considering both a coordinated zero-forcing beamforming and random vector quantization method. Using this result, feedback bits allocation methods are proposed to minimize the performance degradation in K-cell MISO-IFBC. Furthermore, we investigate how many feedback bits per user are necessary to maintain the optimal multiplexing gain in K-cell MISO-IFBC. Through numerical evaluations, we show that our proposed feedback bits allocation strategy provides significant gain compared to a trivial bits allocation scheme.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Characterization of CB-183,315, a Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotic for Treatment of Clostridium difficile (2012)

CB-183,315 is a novel lipopeptide antibiotic structurally related to daptomycin currently in phase 3 clinical development for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). We report here the in vitro mechanism of action, spontaneous resistance incidence, resistance by serial passage, time-kill kinetics, postantibiotic effect, and efficacy of CB-183,315 in a hamster model of lethal infection. In vitro data showed that CB-183,315 dissipated the membrane potential of Staphylococcus aureus without inducing changes in membrane permeability to small molecules. The rate of spontaneous resistance to CB-183,315 at 8× the MIC was below the limit of detection in C. difficile. Under selective pressure by serial passage with CB-183,315 against C. difficile, the susceptibility of the bacteria changed no more than 2-fold during 15 days of serial passages. At 16× the MIC, CB-183,315 produced a ≥3-log reduction of C. difficile in the time-kill assay. The postantibiotic effect of CB-183,315 at 8× the MIC was 0.9 h. At 80× the MIC the postantibiotic effect was more than 6 h. In the hamster model of CDAD, CB-183,315 and vancomycin both demonstrated potent efficacy in resolving initial disease onset, even at very low doses. After the conclusion of dosing, CB-183,315 and vancomycin showed a similar dose- and time-dependent pattern with respect to rates of CDAD recurrence.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LSTM AND PHASED LSTM FOR GAIT PREDICTION (2019)

With an aging population that continues to grow, the protection and assistance of the older persons has become a very important issue. Fallsare the main safety problems of the elderly people, so it is very important to predict the falls. In this paper, a gait prediction method is proposed based on two kinds of LSTM. Firstly, the lumbar posture of the human body is measured by the acceleration gyroscope as the gait feature, and then the gait is predicted by the LSTM network. The experimental results show that the RMSE between the gait trend predicted by the method and the actual gait trend can be reached a level of 0.06 ± 0.01. And the Phased LSTM has a shorter training time. The proposed method can predict the gait trend well.
Effect of Material Inhomogeneity on the Open-Circuit Voltage of String Ribbon Si Solar Cells (2005)

The effect of material inhomogeneity on open-circuit voltage (V/sub OC/) of string ribbon Si solar cells is investigated by a combination of experimental results and a simple analytical model. Light beam-induced current (LBIC) measurements showed that a cell with no detectable defective region gave an efficiency of 15.9% with a V/sub OC/ of 616 mV. However, a neighboring cell with highly defective regions covering 38% of its area, as determined by LBIC measurements, gave an efficiency of 14.1% with V/sub OC/ of 578 mV. Another cell with 19% highly defective regions gave an efficiency of 15.0% with V/sub OC/ of 592 mV. A simple and approximate analytical model was developed to quantify the loss in V/sub OC/ on the basis of recombination intensity and the area fraction of defective regions. This model showed that the majority of the loss in V/sub OC/ is associated with the most defective region, even if its area fraction is relatively small.
A Method of Purchase Prediction Based on User Behavior Log (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method to predict next-one-day-purchase behavior of "Online to Offline"(O2O) itemsbased on huge scale of user behavior log. The overall solution isdescribed in 2 parts: the feature engineering of the user behaviorlog and the ensemble of different supervised learning models. Inthe feature engineering section, besides the basic features, wefurther analyze the behavior of mobile users and propose somespecial features in O2O scenarios. Those scenarios includes thegroup-based rank, the transition rate, the centralized proportion, re-buy patterns, geohash-related features and etc. which haveimproved the model a lot in practice. Besides, group-based rankcould be easily extended to other similar business scenarios. Next, model ensemble are tuned in 2 ways: 1) blended models that aretrained randomly sampled data to enrich the diversity of thetraining data to boost the performance, 2) training individualmodel for different patterns of user-item pair, like the next-daypurchaseprediction, re-buy patterns and etc. Finally, a blendedof the above models are used to build the prediction result. Toevaluate the proposed method, we use the data provided byAli Mobile Recommendation Competition held in 2015 whichconsisted of the behavior logs of items from mobile users in onemonth from Nov. 18, 2014 to Dec.18, 2014, and predict purchasebehavior of O2O items in Dec.19, 2014. The result is evaluatedunder F1 prediction score metric and it achieve a good scoreas 8.64% that ranks 4th over more than 7,000 teams in the competition.
Individuation et perception visuelle chez Descartes (1986)

Il s'agit en l'occurrence de la question de l'individuation et de l'identification des etres (en particulier des corps) a partir d'une analyse detaillee des textes de Descartes concernant notre perception de la couleur et de la lumiere les deux seules « qualites que nous apercevons dans les objets de la vue... qui... appartiennent proprement au sens de la vue » (Dioptrique VI, at, VI, p. 130). On verra qu'une pareille etude, qu'il resterait a completer par rapport a tous les « objets de la vue » (pour ne pas parler des autres sens, ceux-ci etant cependant deja mis en jeu dans le developpement qui suit sur les quatre autres « qualites » : situation, distance, grandeur, figure) est fort suggestive. Si tous les problemes ne sont pas resolus, il y en a certains qui, mis en une lumiere neuve, prendront une formulation plus precise.
The binding properties of some novel ruthenium (III) complexes with human serum transferrin (2011)

Aim. The transferrin cycle gained increased interest in recent years and it holds promise as an attractive system for strategies of drug targeting to tumors. Neoplasic cells exhibit a large demand of iron and therefore express highly transferrin receptors. As a consequence, transferrin conjugates can preferentially interact with cancer cells. This strategy is exploited nowadays for targeting novel anti-cancer drugs. Recent data showed that ruthenium (III) compounds possess antitumor and antimetastatic effects, due to their affinity for crucial biomolecules (like transferrin). Methods. The paper presents the transferrin-binding properties of some novel ruthenium (III) complexes with general formula RuL 2 (DMSO) m Cl 3 nH 2 O ((Ru-nf) L: norfloxacin (nf), m = 1, n = 1; (Ru-cpx) L: ciprofloxacin (cpx), m = 2, n = 2; (Ru-oflo) L: ofloxacin (oflo), m = 1, n = 1; (Ru-levo) L: levofloxacin (Levo), m = 2, n = 8; (Ru-pip) L: pipemidic acid (pip), m = 1, n = 2, DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide). We investigated, in vitro, the interactions of these ligands with human transferrin through spectroscopic techniques, with the ultimate goal of preparing adducts with good selectivity for cancer cells. Results. All studied complexes interact with human serum transferrin; the molar ratio [complex]/[transferrin] strongly influences the binding affinity. Conclusions. The best interaction between the complexes studied and transferrin is achieved for a molar ratio of 8; the best interaction was registered for Ru-pip, followed by Ru-nf.
Comparative Study of Using Oil-Based Mud Versus Water-Based Mud in HPHT Fields (2012)

Growing demand for oil and gas is driving the exploration and production industry to look for new resources in un-explored areas, and in deeper formations. According to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, former Minerals Management Service (MMS), over 50% of proven oil and gas reserves in the United States lie below 14,000 ft. subsea. In the Gulf of Mexico some wells were drilled at 27,000 ft below seabed with reservoir temperatures above 400 °F and reservoir pressures of 24,500 psi. As we drill into deeper formations we will experience higher pressures and temperatures. Drilling into deeper formation requires drilling fluids that withstand higher temperatures and pressures. The combined pressure-temperature effect on drilling fluid’s rheology is complex. This provides a wide range of difficult challenges and mechanical issues. This can have negative impact on rheological properties when exposed to high pressure high temperature (HPHT) condition and contaminated with other minerals, which are common in deep drilling. High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) wells have bottom hole temperatures of 300 °F (150 °C) and bottom hole pressures of 10,000 psi (69 MPa) or higher. Water-Based mud (WBM) and Oil-Based mud (OBM) are the most common drilling fluids currently used and both have several characteristics that qualify them for HPHT purposes. This paper compares the different characteristics of WBM and OBM to help decide the most suitable mud type for HPHT drilling by considering mud properties through several laboratory tests to generate some engineering guidelines. The tests were formulated at temperatures from 100 °F up to 600 °F and pressures from 5,000 psi to 25,000 psi. The comparison will mainly consider the rheological properties of the two mud types of mud and will also take into account the environmental feasibility of using them.  Key words : Oil-based mud; Water-based mud; HPHT fields
Domain exchange: chimeras of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and Thermotoga neapolitana DNA polymerase (2000)

The intervening domain of the thermostable Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase (TAQ: polymerase), which has no catalytic activity, has been exchanged for the 3'-5' exonuclease domain of the homologous mesophile Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (E.coli pol I) and the homologous thermostable Thermotoga neapolitana DNA polymerase (TNE: polymerase). Three chimeric DNA polymerases have been constructed using the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the Klenow fragment of the E.coli pol I and 3D models of the intervening and polymerase domains of the TAQ: polymerase and the TNE: polymerase: chimera TaqEc1 (exchange of residues 292-423 from TAQ: polymerase for residues 327-519 of E.coli pol I), chimera TaqTne1 (exchange of residues 292-423 of TAQ: polymerase for residues 295-485 of TNE: polymerase) and chimera TaqTne2 (exchange of residues 292-448 of TAQ: polymerase for residues 295-510 of TNE: polymerase). The chimera TaqEc1 showed characteristics from both parental polymerases at an intermediate temperature of 50 degrees C: high polymerase activity, processivity, 3'-5' exonuclease activity and proof-reading function. In comparison, the chimeras TaqTne1 and TaqTne2 showed no significant 3'-5' exonuclease activity and no proof-reading function. The chimera TaqTne1 showed an optimum temperature at 60 degrees C, decreased polymerase activity compared with the TAQ: polymerase and reduced processivity. The chimera TaqTne2 showed high polymerase activity at 72 degrees C, processivity and less reduced thermostability compared with the chimera TaqTne1.
Dense Volume-to-Volume Vascular Boundary Detection (2016)

In this work, we present a novel 3D-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture called I2I-3D that predicts boundary location in volumetric data. Our fine-to-fine, deeply supervised framework addresses three critical issues to 3D boundary detection: (1) efficient, holistic, end-to-end volumetric label training and prediction (2) precise voxel-level prediction to capture fine scale structures prevalent in medical data and (3) directed multi-scale, multi-level feature learning. We evaluate our approach on a dataset consisting of 93 medical image volumes with a wide variety of anatomical regions and vascular structures. In the process, we also introduce HED-3D, a 3D extension of the state-of-the-art 2D edge detector (HED). We show that our deep learning approach out-performs, the current state-of-the-art in 3D vascular boundary detection (structured forests 3D), by a large margin, as well as HED applied to slices, and HED-3D while successfully localizing fine structures. With our approach, boundary detection takes about one minute on a typical 512x512x512 volume.
Development of Odorless Sulfur Reagents and Their Applications (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Review of "Networking, An Overview by R. W. Sanders. Datamation Vol. 20 No. 3, March 74" (1974)

No abstract available.
Optimal trajectory generation of serially-linked parallel biped robots (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new parallel mechanism of biped robots, each of its legs is composed of two 3-DOF parallel platforms linked serially. The thigh possesses three active linear actuators with a constraint bar and seven passive joints, the shank has two linear actuators to operate pitch and roll motion at the ankle and a rotational actuator for the pitch at the knee. To generate locomotion trajectory for the proposed robot, we adopt the genetic algorithm for minimizing energy consumption. For the fast convergence and efficiency, the RCGA (real coded genetic algorithms) is used. A trajectory is represented by 4-th order polynomials whose coefficients are chromosomes. Equality conditions reflect the start and end position of swing leg and the repeatability condition for stable walking is used with inequality conditions to describe kinematics constraints for swing motion and ZMP (zero moment point) conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed structure and trajectories, computer simulations were executed using SimMechanicsreg
Deformation mechanisms of nanoclay‐reinforced maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylene (2004)

Abstract Fracture properties and deformation mechanisms of nanoclay‐reinforced maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylene (MAPP) were investigated. Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics was employed to characterize the toughness in light of substantial postyield deformation for the reinforced MAPP. Upon introduction of 2.5 wt % clay loading in maleated MAPP, it was observed that tensile strength, modulus, and fracture initiation toughness concomitantly increased substantially. Continued increase in clay loading thereafter only led to stiffening and strengthening effects to the detriment of fracture toughness. A plot of the J ‐integral initiation fracture toughness versus the plastic zone size demonstrated that toughening arose from plastic deformation in the reinforced matrix. Careful examination of deformed tensile specimens using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) showed 2.5 wt % clay gave rise to the highest equatorial scattering, which indicates the presence of microvoids in the matrix. The SAXS results were consistent with that shown in subcritically loaded crack‐tip deformation zone using transmission electron microscopy. Thus, both macroscale three‐point bend fracture data and SAXS results led us to consistent findings and conclusions. Further increase in clay loading above 2.5 wt % reduced the scattering the matrix plasticity and thus the fracture toughness. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2759–2768, 2004