gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An essential role of myosin light‐chain kinase in the regulation of agonist‐ and fluid flow‐stimulated Ca <sup>2+</sup> influx in endothelial cells (1998)

Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) plays an important role in endothelial cell signaling. Although it has been suggested that the influx of Ca2+ can be triggered by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, the mechanism (or mechanisms) underlying this phenomenon needs further elaboration. In the present study, involvement of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling was investigated in agonist- and fluid flow-stimulated endothelial cells loaded with Ca2+-sensitive dyes. Bradykinin (BK) and thapsigargin caused an increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained rise due to Ca2+ influx from extracellular space and shifted total myosin light-chain (MLC) from the unphosphorylated to the diphosphorylated form. ML-9 (100 microM), an inhibitor of MLCK, abolished Ca2+ influx and prevented MLC diphosphorylation in BK- and thapsigargin-treated cells, but did not affect Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores. Fluid flow stimulation (shear stress=5 dynes/cm2) increased [Ca2+]i and enhanced MLC phosphorylation. ML-9 also inhibited Ca2+ response and MLC phosphorylation in fluid flow-stimulated cells. The Ca2+ influx in response to BK was linearly correlated with the diphosphorylation of MLC in ML-9 treated cells. Effects of ML-5 and ML-7, analogs of ML-9, to inhibit Ca2+ influx paralleled their potencies to inhibit MLCK activity. These findings demonstrate that MLCK plays an essential role in regulating the plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx in agonist- and fluid flow-stimulated endothelial cells. This study is the first to report the close relationship between Ca2+ influx and MLC diphosphorylation.
Plasminogen activators in tissue remodeling and invasion: mRNA localization in mouse ovaries and implanting embryos. (1989)

To assess in vivo the postulated participation of urokinase-type (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA) plasminogen activators in processes involving tissue remodeling and cell migration, we have studied the cellular distribution of u-PA and t-PA mRNAs during mouse oogenesis and embryo implantation. By in situ hybridizations, we detected t-PA mRNA in oocytes and u-PA mRNA in granulosa and thecal cells from preovulatory follicles. These findings are compatible with a role for plasminogen activators in oogenesis and follicular disruption. We demonstrated the presence of u-PA mRNA in the invasive and migrating trophoblast cells of 5.5- and 6.5-d-old embryos. At 7.5 days, u-PA mRNA was predominantly localized to trophoblast cells that had reached the deep layers of the uterine wall, while the peripheral trophoblast cells surrounding the presomite stage embryo were devoid of specific signal. In 8.5-d-old embryos abundant u-PA mRNA expression resumed transiently in the giant trophoblast cells at the periphery of the embryo and in the trophoblast cells of the ectoplacental cone, to become undetectable in 10.5-d-old embryos. These observations establish the in vivo expression of the u-PA gene by invading and migrating trophoblast cells in a biphasic time pattern; they are in agreement with the proposed involvement of the enzyme in the extracellular proteolysis accompanying embryo implantation.
Optical Evaluation of Composite-Based Reflector Facets for Parabolic Trough Concentrators (2004)

As a possible alternative to glass mirrors, the use of composite-based reflector facets has been investigated for use on parabolic trough concentrators. The approach evaluated here is a composite-based parabolic facet (steel and fiberglass) with a separately attached reflector. This paper describes the basic design of these structural facets and reports on the optical tests that have been used to determine the optical accuracy of the facets.
Multiplex Imaging and Cellular Target Identification of Kinase Inhibitors via an Affinity-Based Proteome Profiling Approach (2015)

MLN8237 is a highly potent and presumably selective inhibitor of Aurora kinase A (AKA) and has shown promising antitumor activities. Like other kinase inhibitors which target the ATP-binding site of kinases, MLN8237 might be expected to have potential cellular off-targets. Herein, we report the first photoaffinity-based, small molecule AKA probe capable of both live-cell imaging of AKA activities and in situ proteome profiling of potential off-targets of MLN8237 (including AKA-associating proteins). By using two mutually compatible, bioorthogonal reactions (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and TCO-tetrazine ligation), we demostrate small molecule-based multiplex bioimaging for simultaneous in situ monitoring of two important cell-cycle regulating kinases (AKA and CDK1). A broad range of proteins, as potential off-targets of MLN8237 and AKA's-interacting partners, is subsequently identified by affinity-based proteome profiling coupled with large-scale LC-MS/MS analysis. From these studies, we discover novel AKA interactions which were further validated by cell-based immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments.
Relation of Soil Reaction to Toxicity and Persistence of Some Herbicides in Greenhouse Plots (1946)

Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics
Some recent results of research in rumen microbiology (1960)

Studies on the foaming properties of rumen liquor taken from cows fed daily on red clover have suggested that both foaming and anti-foaming substances are present. The ability of penicillin to reduce bloat has indicated that microbiological factors are involved possibly by inhibiting metabolism of chloroplast fat. Both protozoa and rumen bacteria have been shown to hydrogenate the unsaturated fatty acids present in chloroplasts. Preliminary experiments on microbial lipase activity has demonstrated the presence of enzymes capable of hydrolysing various lipid substrates.
Localization and navigation of a mobile robot in an office-like environment (2013)

This article focuses on the localization and navigation of a mobile differential robot in an indoor office-like environment. These are fundamental issues to service robotics, which is a branch with a strong market growth. The work implements a vision tracking system, environment mapping, route planning and navigation for an autonomous robot application inside services buildings. One goal of the methodology is its application with low cost equipment. The test bed chosen was a Pioneer P3-DX robot [16] in a service building, with an attached USB webcam, pointed at the ceiling to take advantage of the position of the light fixtures as natural landmarks. The robot location is estimated through two distinct probabilistic methods: a particle filter, when there is no information about the starting location of the robot, and the Kalman filter, given the convergence of the particle filter. Both methods use the detection of light fixtures together with the robot kinematics as information to estimate the pose. The mapping of the environment and its obstacles is obtained from the localization estimates and the information gathered by ultrasound sensors, representing the entire navigation space discretized in the form of an occupation grid. Planning the navigation path is determined by a simple search algorithm, namely the Wavefront algorithm, based on the information contained in the occupancy grid. For a given path, navigation is performed with obstacle avoidance using the virtual forces method. Replanning is used to recover from local minima situations.
L‐pilin variants of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> MS11 (1991)

Phase- and antigenic variation of pilin expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is based on the genetic exchange between silent pilin genes (pilS) and the pilin expression locus (pilE). Similarly, the non-piliated L-variants of strain MS11, which show an increased resistance to certain antibiotics, are the result of recombination with the pilE locus. However, this recombination is atypical in that pilE(L) carries a tandem arrangement of a complete pilin gene and additional partial pilin genes under the control of the same pilE promoter. Since the two pilin gene copies are tandemly arranged and are often in the same translational frame, oversized pilin molecules are produced, which do not assemble into pili. The tandem gene copies introduced in a pilE(L) locus originate from silent loci where they are already joint. Upon reversion to the P+ phenotype the L-variants lose one pilin gene copy from the pilE(L) in a process reminiscent of the deletion events that otherwise lead to the formation of the non-revertible and non-piliated Pn mutants of MS11 gonococci. Thus deletion of pilin genes from pilE can be regarded as a third mechanism of pilin variation in gonococci.
Cyclic anhydrides. III. Equilibrium constants for the acid-anhydride equilibrium in aqueous solutions of certain vicinal diacids (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic anhydrides. III. Equilibrium constants for the acid-anhydride equilibrium in aqueous solutions of certain vicinal diacidsL. Eberson and H. WelinderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 22, 5821–5826Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00751a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00751a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views763Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of suboptimal beamforming with full knowledge of part of the channel matrix (2010)

Multiple antenna techniques are used to enhance wireless links and therefore have been studied extensively. Many practical systems differ from the ideal schemes discussed in the literature. One example is the lack of precise channel information at the transmitter. We evaluate analytically the performance of a beamforming technique that uses partial channel knowledge. Specifically, we analyze a suboptimal M ×N scheme employing Maximal Ratio Transmission at the transmitter and MRC at the receiver, assuming only one out of M rows of the channel matrix is known at the transmitter. We show that the diversity order and array gain of such a scheme is M+N -1. The performance of this scheme, which is supported by both Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, is identical to that of an MRC system with M+N -1 antennas. All the results are supported by simulations.
A Fast Approximate Algorithm for Mapping Long Reads to Large Reference Databases (2017)

Abstract Emerging single-molecule sequencing technologies from Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore have revived interest in long read mapping algorithms. Alignment-based seed-and-extend methods demonstrate good accuracy, but face limited scalability, while faster alignment-free methods typically trade decreased precision for efficiency. In this paper, we combine a fast approximate read mapping algorithm based on minimizers with a novel MinHash identity estimation technique to achieve both scalability and precision. In contrast to prior methods, we develop a mathematical framework that defines the types of mapping targets we uncover, establish probabilistic estimates of p-value and sensitivity, and demonstrate tolerance for alignment error rates up to 20%. With this framework, our algorithm automatically adapts to different minimum length and identity requirements and provides both positional and identity estimates for each mapping reported. For mapping human PacBio reads to the hg38 reference, our method is 290x faster than BWA-MEM with a lower memory footprint and recall rate of 96%. We further demonstrate the scalability of our method by mapping noisy PacBio reads (each ≥ 5 kbp in length) to the complete NCBI RefSeq database containing 838 Gbp of sequence and > 60, 000 genomes.
Optimization of Treatment Geometry to Reduce Normal Brain Dose in Radiosurgery of Multiple Brain Metastases with Single–Isocenter Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (2016)

Treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases using a single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been shown to decrease treatment time with the tradeoff of larger low dose to the normal brain tissue. We have developed an efficient Projection Summing Optimization Algorithm to optimize the treatment geometry in order to reduce dose to normal brain tissue for radiosurgery of multiple metastases with single-isocenter VMAT. The algorithm: (a) measures coordinates of outer boundary points of each lesion to be treated using the Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface, (b) determines the rotations of couch, collimator, and gantry using three matrices about the cardinal axes, (c) projects the outer boundary points of the lesion on to Beam Eye View projection plane, (d) optimizes couch and collimator angles by selecting the least total unblocked area for each specific treatment arc, and (e) generates a treatment plan with the optimized angles. The results showed significant reduction in the mean dose and low dose volume to normal brain, while maintaining the similar treatment plan qualities on the thirteen patients treated previously. The algorithm has the flexibility with regard to the beam arrangements and can be integrated in the treatment planning system for clinical application directly.
Sequence variation in the outer-surface-protein genes of Borrelia burgdorferi. (1994)

Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete pathogen transmitted among warm-blooded hosts by ixodid ticks. Frequency-dependent selection for variant outer-surface proteins might be expected to arise in this species, since rare variants are more likely to avoid immune surveillance in previously infected hosts. We sequenced the OspA and OspB genes of nine North American strains and compared them with nine strains previously described. For each gene, the mean number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site and the mean number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site show only a twofold excess of silent mutations. Synonymous rates vary widely along the OspB protein. Some regions show a significant excess of silent substitutions, while divergence in other regions is constrained by biased base composition or selection. The presence, in antigenically important regions of the protein, of significant variation among strains, as well as evidence for recombination among strains, should be considered in attempts to develop vaccines against this disease.
Studies on the Behavior of Trace Components in Oils and Fats during Processing for Edible Use. I. (1976)

Edible oil added with five kinds of organochlorine pesticides and PCB was submitted to deacidification, decolorization and deodorization under a definite laboratory condition, and the amounts of the organochlorine pesticides and PCB in the oil were determined immediately after each process. Results obtained from these experiments are as follows : (1) Concentration of organochlorine pesticides and PCB in the oil remained almost unchanged after deacidification irrespective of the amount of sodium hydroxide used. (2) Dieldrin concentration in the oil decreased markedly by use of activated clay for decolorization, but the concentration of BHC isomers, DDT related substances and PCB hardly decreased. The use of an adsorbent which contains activated carbon gave the result similar to that obtained by the use of activated clay, but the concentration of PCB clearly decreased. (3) The higher the temperature of deodorization treatment, organochlorine pesticides and PCB concentration markedly decreased and deodorization at a temperature usually used in factories would completely remove these chemicals. It was assumed that in this process BHC isomers will be removed from the oil at a lower temperature than DDT related substances. (4) Hydrogenation using nickel catalyst was carried out on some of the oil and this was found to decrease the amount of r-BHC, pp'-DDT and Dieldrin rather than β-BHC and pp'-DDE, but there was almost no decrease in the amount of PCB.
<i>In Situ</i> Measurement of Fuel in the Cylinder Wall Oil Film of a Combustion Engine by LIF Spectroscopy (1998)

Hydrocarbon emissions remain an important concern for the automotive industry due to increasingly strict regulations. In an investigation of possible emission sources within the engine, the concentration of fuel absorbed in the oil film on the cylinder wall of a small internal combustion engine has been measured with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. A laser pulse from a nitrogen laser (337.1 nm) provided the excitation, and the fluorescence was monitored with an intensifled-charge-coupled device (ICCD) array mounted to a spectrometer. The excitation laser pulse was launched through a window in the engine head onto a fiber-optic probe mounted flush with the cylinder wall. The laser-excited oil film on the fiber-optic probe produced an LIF signal that was collected by the fiber-optic probe and analyzed for fuel content. The timing of the laser pulse and ICCD gate were controlled in order to synchronize the collection of data with a particular point in the engine cycle. Measurements made in situ, while the engine was running, yield information on the amount of unburned fuel stored in the oil film for various engine conditions. Fuel-in-oil concentrations were determined for various engine temperatures during cold starts, for different fuel enrichment levels, and as a function of the crank angle of the engine cycle. Fuel concentrations as high as 50% were detected during cold starts, and fuel concentrations reached levels greater than 25% for warm engine operation. Changes in the fuel content were also found to be related to enrichment and crank angle.
Tumor-suppressive Maspin Functions as a Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger (2013)

Maspin is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily and displays tumor-suppressing activity by controlling cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Here, we provide evidence that maspin acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger through oxidation of three structurally exposed cysteine thiols to sulfenic acid. Ablation of these cysteine residues in maspin resulted in a significant increase in total ROS production in mouse mammary TM40D cells. Also, cells containing a triple-cysteine mutant of maspin showed elevated ERK1/2 activity, a downstream target of ROS, and enhanced proliferation and colony formation. These findings establish a novel mechanism by which maspin utilizes its cysteine thiols to inhibit oxidative stress and cell growth.
Advanced robotics & intelligent machines (1996)

* Section 1: Technologies for advanced robotics * Chapter 1: Recent developments in advanced robotics & intelligent systems * Chapter 2: Machine intelligence: architectures, controllers and applications * Chapter 3: Advanced control systems for robotic arms * Chapter 4: Intelligent gripping systems * Chapter 5: Force feedback control in robots and its application to decommissioning * Chapter 6: Tele-presence control of robots * Chapter 7: Sensing and sensor management for planning * Section 2: Applications * Chapter 8: Robotics in the nuclear industry * Chapter 9: Robots in surgery: a survey * Chapter 10: Intelligent autonomous systems for cars * Chapter 11: Walking machine technology: designing the control system of an advanced six-legged machine * Chapter 12: Handling of flexible materials in automation * Chapter 13: Robotics in food manufacturing * Chapter 14: Robotic milking * Section 3: Advanced concepts and procedures * Chapter 15: Intelligent sensing as a means to error free semiconductor wafer handling * Chapter 16: The concept of robot society and its utilisation in future robotics * Chapter 17: Miniature and micro robotics: technologies and applications * Chapter 18: Characteristics of robot behaviour * Chapter 19: A behaviour synthesis architecture for co-operant mobile robots * Chapter 20: Co-operant behaviour in multiple manipulators * Chapter 21: Neural networks in automation procedures * Chapter 22: Parallel processing, neural networks and genetic algorithms for real-time robot control
Design and Implementation of Components in the Earth System Modeling Framework (2005)

The Earth System Modeling Framework is a component-based architecture for developing and assembling climate and related models. A virtual machine underlies the component-level constructs in ESMF, providing both a foundation for performance portability and mechanisms for resource allocation and component sequencing.
Intra prediction based on statistical modeling of images (2012)

Intra prediction is an important part of intra-frame coding. A number of approaches have been proposed to improve intra prediction including a general linear prediction approach in which a weighted sum of all available neighbor pixels is used to predict each block pixel. An important part of this approach is the determination of the used weights. One method to determine the weights is to use the least-squares solution of an overdetermined linear system of weights. In this paper, we present an alternative approach where the weights are determined based on statistical modeling of image pixels. This approach results in an analytical expression for the weights and can achieve similar coding gains as methods based on least-squares solutions of overdetermined systems, while having several benefits such as reduced storage or computations.
<i>Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting</i> (1961)

This book reviews basic principles of geophysical prospecting with emphasis on geological considerations and on geophysical instruments and methodology for the recording and processing of field data. It also discusses advances in computer technology, field techniques and the analysis and interpretation of data. It is written as a reference for professional geologists and geophysicists as well as for the students of these subjects.