gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of ranolazine block of LQT‐3 mutant sodium channels: evidence for site of action (2006)

1 We studied the effects of ranolazine, an antianginal agent with promise as an antiarrhythmic drug, on wild-type (WT) and long QT syndrome variant 3 (LQT-3) mutant Na(+) channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and knock-in mouse cardiomyocytes and used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the site of action of the drug. 2 We find preferential ranolazine block of sustained vs peak Na(+) channel current for LQT-3 mutant (DeltaKPQ and Y1795C) channels (IC(50)=15 vs 135 microM) with similar results obtained in HEK 293 cells and knock-in myocytes. 3 Ranolazine block of both peak and sustained Na(+) channel current is significantly reduced by mutation (F1760A) of a single residue previously shown to contribute critically to the binding site for local anesthetic (LA) molecules in the Na(+) channel. 4 Ranolazine significantly decreases action potential duration (APD) at 50 and 90% repolarization by 23+/-5 and 27+/-3%, respectively, in DeltaKPQ mouse ventricular myocytes but has little effect on APD of WT myocytes. 5 Computational modeling of human cardiac myocyte electrical activity that incorporates our voltage-clamp data predicts marked ranolazine-induced APD shortening in cells expressing LQT-3 mutant channels. 6 Our results demonstrate for the first time the utility of ranolazine as a blocker of sustained Na(+) channel activity induced by inherited mutations that cause human disease and further, that these effects are very likely due to interactions of ranolazine with the receptor site for LA molecules in the sodium channel.
Investigation by NMR of metabolic routes to bacterial γ-poly(glutamic acid) using<sup>13</sup>C-labeled citrate and glutamate as media carbon sources (1995)

Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945A produces γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) when using glutamate, citrate, and glycerol in combination as media carbon sources. Also, various aspects of B. licheniformis cellular physiology are affected by the concentration of Mn(II) salts in culture media. Thus, the metabolism of carbon sources into γ-PGA as a function of MnSO4 concentration was studied by enriching the media with either L-[1,2- 13 C]glutamic acid (NH 2 — 2 CH( 1 COOH)—(CH 2 ) 2 -COOH) or [1,5- 13 C]citric acid (HOO 1 C—CH 2 —C(OH)(COOH)—CH 2 — 5 COOH) at two media MnSO 4 concentrations (615 and 0 μM). Enrichment factors (EF) from 13 C-NMR spectra were calculated from the ratio of peak intensities from 13 C-enriched γ-PGA divided by the ratio of peak intensities for nonenriched γ-PGA. EF values were than used to determine the percentage of repeat units that were formed from glutamate and citrate. The percentage of repeat units formed from provided glutamate at the 0 and 615 μM Mn(II) media concentrations was 89 ± 14 and 67 ± 11%, respectively. These respective products have 51 ± 9 and 39 ± 11% of their repeat units formed with apparent retention of the glutamate carbon skeleton. Also, enrichment of γ-PGA repeat units at C-1 was found to be lower than C-2 at both Mn(II) levels. Thus, provided glutamate was used to a large extent for polymer formation with both retention of the carbon skeleton as well as decarboxylation at C-1. Provided citrate was also used as a source of carbon to form repeat units. At the 0 and 615 μM media Mn(II) levels, 9 ± 4 and 19 ± 5% of repeat units were formed from citrate. It is believed that citrate is metabolized to γ-PGA by entry into the citric acid cycle and formation of α-ketoglutarate. Analysis of products from cultivations where both glutamate and citrate were 13 C enriched indicated that citrate and glutamate carbon source metabolism to γ-PGA occurs via independent pathways to common monomer precursors without multiple recycling of these carbon sources through catabolic and anabolic pathways.Key words: γ-poly(glutamic acid), metabolism, manganese, Bacillus licheniformis, nuclear magnetic resonance.
The Enantioselectivity and the Stereochemical Course of Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular CH Insertions of Phenyliodonium Ylides (2002)

The Cu-catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion of phenyliodonium ylide 1b was investigated at 0° in the presence of several chiral ligands. Enantioselectivities varied in the range 38–72%, and were higher than those resulting from reaction of the diazo compound 1c at 65°. The intramolecular insertion of the enantiomerically pure methyl diazoacetate (R)-20 and of the corresponding phenyliodonium ylide (R)-21 proceeded to (R)-23 with retention of configuration with [Cu(hfa)2] (hfa=hexafluoroacetylacetone=1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione) and [Rh2(OAc)4]. These results are consistent with a carbenoid mechanism for the Cu-catalyzed insertion with phenyliodonium ylides. However, the insertion of the perfluorosulfonated phenyliodonium ylide (R)-29 afforded with [Cu(hfa)2] as well as with [Rh2(OAc)4] the cyclopentanone derivative 30 as a cis/trans mixture with only 56–67% enantiomeric excess.
Organic Base Modulation Triodes and Their Inverters on Flexible Substrates (2009)

Organic base modulation triodes (OBMTs) are fabricated using two back-to-back Schottky diodes and deposited on a flexible substrate. With the advantage of the shorter channel, the OBMTs can be operated under lower voltages and faster frequencies. The inverter is fabricated using the OBMT connected with a resistor in series.
Metastatic primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder in a twenty-five years old woman (2011)

Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare tumor. The classification between primary vesical and urachal is debated. We present the case of a young female who presented clinicopathological features of a metastatic urachal adenocarcinoma, but the histological result revealed primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder contrary to expectancy. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the bladder in a 25 years old female. This case emphasizes the challenge for urologists to recognize and manage this aggressive tumor in the setting described.
IMPROVED IN VIVO PANCREATIC ISLET FUNCTION AFTER PROLONGED IN VITRO ISLET CULTURE (2001)

These data demonstrate that prolonged islet culture in M-SFM sustained viability and function, and in some instances had a positive effect on in vivo islet function, particularly in the 1-month cultures. No negative effect on long-term in vivo function was demonstrated in this study. Confirmation in clinical models utilizing extended (1-2 months) islet culture in M-SFM could significantly enhance islet transplantation by allowing the identification of best-matched recipients, pretransplantation recipient conditioning, and possible pretransplantation islet modifications to promote engraftment and prolonged graft function.
Synthesis of (‐)‐Biopterin (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of (‐)‐biopterin ( 1 ) was accomplished by employing (1 S ,2 S )‐1‐(2‐furyl)‐2‐(trityloxy)‐1‐propanol ( 6 ), derived from ethyl ( S )‐lactate, as building block for the side chain.
Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency? (2010)

Analysis of cancer risk in primary immune deficiency (PID) offers insight into the relationship between immune function and cancer. Data on Australian patients (n = 1132) notified voluntarily to the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy PID Registry (1990-2008) were linked with national death and cancer registries. Person-years of follow-up commenced from up to 15 years before registration on the PID Registry or January 1982, the inception of national cancer registration. Site-specific, 5-year age-, sex-, calendar year-, and state-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for all cancers except nonmelanocytic skin cancer. During an average of 16 person-years follow-up, a 1.6-fold excess relative risk of cancer was observed (n = 58; SIR 1.60, 95% CI 1.22-2.07) for all PID combined. Relative risk was increased for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 16; SIR 8.82, 95% CI 5.04-14.30), leukemia (n = 4; SIR 5.36, 95% CI 1.46-13.73), and stomach cancer (n = 3; SIR 6.10, 95% CI 1.26-17.84). Excess cancer risk was observed for predominantly antibody deficiencies and other well-defined immunodeficiency syndromes. Results suggest that predominantly antibody deficiencies may be associated with a narrower range of solid cancers than immunodeficiency characterized by predominantly T-cell deficiency, such as iatrogenic and HIV-related immunodeficiency, although this requires confirmation in larger cohorts.
Optical effects of space weathering: The role of the finest fraction (1993)

The optical properties of lunar soils are different than those of rocks from which they are derived. As a consequence of lunar space weathering, soils are darker and exhibit a distinctive red‐sloped continuum and weaker mineral absorption bands. The accumulation of dark glass‐welded aggregates (agglutinates) has been thought to account for these optical effects of space weathering on lunar soils. Spectroscopic analyses of agglutinate separates and size fractions for a suite of lunar soils presented here indicate that the agglutinate paradigm is insufficient to fully account for lunar optical alteration. It is the finest fraction of lunar soils (<25 μm which constitute ∼25 wt %) that dominates the optical properties of the bulk soil. Unlike size fractions of most silicates for which the finest fraction is the brightest, the lunar soil size fractions all have comparable albedos in the short‐wavelength visible. In the near infrared, however, it is the finest fraction that exhibits the steep red continuum and weak absorption bands. The properties of the finest fraction cannot be duplicated by preparing a fine fraction by grinding larger agglutinate‐rich soil particles. These results suggest space weathering on airless bodies is dominated by surface correlated processes (perhaps associated with the development of fine‐grained Fe° on or near the surface of grains), and the accumulation of the larger agglutinates is not necessarily required to account for lunar optical alteration.
KINETIC STUDIES OF ELECTRON TRANSFER STEP OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION ON PLATINUM IN AQUEOUS CESIUM HYDROXIDE (1971)

An original fabrication route of high-strength bulk Fe-5Ag and Fe-10Ag nanocomposites with enhanced degradation rate is reported. Near fully dense materials with fine nanostructures and uniform distribution of Ag nanoparticles were obtained employing high energy attrition milling of Fe-Ag<sub>2</sub>O powder blends followed by cold sintering - high pressure consolidation at ambient temperature that allowed the retention of the nanoscale structure. Annealing in hydrogen flow at 550 °C resulted in enhanced ductility without coarsening the nanostructure. The strength in compression of Fe5Ag and Fe10Ag nanocomposites was several-fold higher than the values reported for similar composites with micrometer grain size. The galvanic action of finely dispersed Ag nanoparticles greatly increased the corrosion rate and degradation kinetics of iron. Following four weeks immersion of Fe-Ag nanocomposites in saline solution, a more than 10% weight loss accompanied by less than 25% decrease in bending strength were measured. The interconnected nanoporosity of cold sintered Fe-Ag nanocomposites was utilized for incorporation of vancomycin that was gradually released upon immersion. In cell culture experiments, the Fe-Ag nanocomposites supported the attachment of osteoblast cells and exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the proposed Fe-Ag nanocomposites could be developed into attractive biodegradable load-bearing implant materials with drug delivery capability.
Tropopause-Penetrating Convection from Three-Dimensional Gridded NEXRAD Data (2015)

Abstract A new method that combines radar reflectivities from individual Next Generation Weather Radars (NEXRAD) into a three-dimensional composite with high horizontal and vertical resolution is used to estimate storm-top altitudes for the continental United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Echo-top altitudes are compared with the altitude of the lapse-rate tropopause calculated from the ERA-Interim reanalysis and radiosondes. To sample the diurnal and annual cycles, tropopause-penetrating convection is analyzed at 3-h intervals throughout 2004. Overshooting convection is most common in the north-central part of the United States (the high plains). There is a pronounced seasonal cycle; the majority of overshooting systems occur during the warm season (March–August). There is also a strong diurnal cycle, with maximum overshooting occurring near 0000 UTC. The overshooting volume decreases rapidly with height above the tropopause. Radiosonde observations are used to evaluate the quality of the reanalysis tropopause altitudes and the dependence of overshooting depth on environmental characteristics. The radar–radiosonde comparison reveals that overshooting is deeper in double-tropopause environments and increases as the stability of the lower stratosphere decreases.
IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS IN THE OPERATION OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES DURING DISASTER EVENTS (2006)

Infrastructures systems cover a large number of sectors, including the national power grid, oil and natural gas production, transportation, and distribution networks, telecommunications and information systems, water systems, transportation networks, the banking and finance industry, the chemical industry, agriculture and food systems, and public health networks. These systems do not exist in isolation of one another – telecommunications networks require electricity, transportation networks require systems information to operate, generation of electricity requires fuel, emergency systems require transportation networks, and so forth. Interdependencies give rise to numerous challenges that do not exist in single infrastructure models. During a disaster event, health care facilities are expected to operate efficiently in order to provide care to injured patients. Traditionally, it has been assumed by disaster planners that these facilities are capable of providing services under the most extreme circumstances. However, medical care for injured patients can be affected if health care facilities do not have sufficient supply of electric power, water supply, or effective access to road transportation networks, etc. This paper presents two mathematical models that may be used to assess the level of interdependencies between the health care facility and the primary infrastructure systems linked to the facility. These models use linear programming to determine the unsatisfied demand in the major infrastructure systems and the impact of this shortage of resources on the operation of the hospital. The models described in this paper show the impact of a disruption when interdependencies among infrastructures are considered and supports strategy development and decision making during the restoration process. The framework and modeling used in this paper can assist in determining cost-effective operational strategies in a health care facility in order to respond to a disaster event considering the 1
Reduction of image blurring in an autostereoscopic multilayer liquid crystal display (2011)

A multilayer liquid crystal display (LCD) is a display device constructed by stacking multiple liquid crystal layers on top of a light source. As shown in a previous study, a multilayer LCD can deliver varying images depending on the viewers'eye positions, and can be used for auto-stereoscopic 3D viewing. However, undesirable blurring is sometimes observed in the images that a viewer receives from the display. Such blurring is notable especially around objects in the scene that are far away from the viewer. To address this problem, we propose to put a convex lens in front of the layers of liquid crystal. The lens refracts the beams of light, thus bringing the effects of moving the objects to nearer positions. Through a simulation-based study, we show that an optimal choice exists for the focal length of the lens, which reduces the local image blurring while not compromising the overall image quality.
The effects of triazolobenzodiazepines in two animal tests of anxiety and in the holeboard (1985)

In addition to possessing anti-anxiety activity in man, triazolobenzodiazepines have been reported to have antidepressant and antipanic properties. In this they differ from classical 1,4-benzodiazepines that have only anti-anxiety activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the triazolobenzodiazepines in two animal tests of anxiety and in the holeboard, to see whether clear differences could be observed between them and the 1,4-benzodiazepines. After acute administration, U-43,465 (16 mg kg-1) had a significant anxiolytic effect in the social interaction test. Neither adinazolam (1-3.5 mg kg-1) nor alprazolam (0.125-2 mg kg-1) had a significant effect. It is suggested that this is because, with adinazolam and alprazolam, doses at which anxiolytic effects can be observed are close to those at which sedative effects can be observed. U-43,465 (8-16 mg kg-1) and alprazolam (1-2 mg kg-1) had significant anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. U-43,465 (8-32 mg kg-1), adinazolam (0.5-5 mg kg-1) and alprazolam (0.2-2.0 mg kg-1) caused dose-related reductions in exploratory head-dipping, locomotor activity and rearing in the holeboard. In general the results seen in the three tests with the triazolobenzodiazepines alprazolam and adinazolam were similar to those seen with classical 1,4-benzodiazepines. With U-43,465, however, an anxiolytic effect was observed in the social interaction test after acute treatment; chronic treatment is required to see an effect with classical 1,4-benzodiazepines. In this U-43,465 resembles the effects of several novel non-benzodiazepine putative anxiolytic compounds that are believed to have less sedative potential than the benzodiazepines.
Magnetic Properties Observed During Vacuum Deposition of Permalloy Films (1966)

The quasistatic magnetic properties of vacuum-deposited Permalloy films of zero magnetostrictive composition were continuously monitored during deposition and substrate heating and cooling period in an evaporator equipped with a laser-operated Kerr magneto-optic hysteresigraph and a quenchable substrate holder in the temperature range of −196° to ∼400°C as a function of thickness up to ∼2000 Å. Films deposited at liquid-nitrogen temperature exhibit low (∼3 Oe) coercive force, with a very square loop, at thicknesses as low as 25 Å; this decreases rapidly with thickness increase. Films deposited at elevated temperature, for example 300°C, exhibit high (&gt;20 Oe) coercive force with a very rounded loop when first observable at about 100-Å thickness. This, however, plummets downward sharply near 150-Å thickness, the loop meanwhile becoming square. The room-temperature coercive force of films deposited at high temperatures is more than that measured during deposition, while that of films deposited at liquid-nitrogen temperature drops as the film attains room temperature. In general, no change in Hc is observed upon exposing the fresh film to air at room temperature. The 2000-Å low-temperature films (deposited at −196°C) exhibit a well-defined uniaxial anisotropy of ∼6 Oe. This anisotropy field decreases monotonically on heating after deposition. At room temperature, Hk becomes ∼4.5 Oe. Upon further heating, Hk decreases to &lt;1 Oe at 335°C. At 350°C a new easy axis with Hc∼1 Oe is rapidly induced by the applied magnetic field along the previous hard axis. This coercivity increases to &gt;2 Oe when the film is cooled to room temperature. Smaller changes in Hk are observed upon cooling in films deposited at temperatures above 200°C. Some results on anisotropy spectrum are discussed.
An efficient power allocation scheme in HDR systems (2002)

An efficient base station (BS) power allocation scheme for the forward link is proposed to to improve the overall throughput in a multicell high data rate (HDR) system, which is designed to support a high data rate. In HDR, if a cell is properly designed, users located close to a BS acquire an excessive signal to interference power ratio (SIR) for a maximum achievable data rate. This excessive power results in lower SIR for users at cell boundary. By allocating lower power for users near a BS than the maximum power, other-cell interference can be alleviated to users near the cell boundary. Even though HDR adopts time division duplexing (TDD) type of scheduling, the capacity can be increased through the control of interference. Simulation results validate the throughput gain, which is about 6/spl sim/9% under ideal condition.
Micromachined acoustic-wave liquid ejector (2001)

This paper describes the design and performance of micromachined, self-focusing acoustic-wave liquid ejector (AWLE) that requires no heat, nozzle, nor acoustic lens. The AWLE has a very simple device structure and is easy to fabricate. Three versions of AWLE have been designed, fabricated, and tested for an ink-jet printing application. Also developed are computer simulation and design aids that take into account the acoustic loss in water and the two-time wave reflections at the water-air and water-transducer interfaces. The AWLE has been observed to eject water droplets of about 5 /spl mu/m in diameter with radio frequency (RF) pulses of 5 /spl mu/s pulsewidth. Overall, the AWLE has been shown to be capable of improving the printing resolution and speed of ink-jet printing significantly.
Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume (2006)

The Cassini spacecraft flew close to Saturn's small moon Enceladus three times in 2005. Cassini's UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph observed stellar occultations on two flybys and confirmed the existence, composition, and regionally confined nature of a water vapor plume in the south polar region of Enceladus. This plume provides an adequate amount of water to resupply losses from Saturn's E ring and to be the dominant source of the neutral OH and atomic oxygen that fill the Saturnian system.
Silica-based PLC Transponder Aggregators for Colorless, Directionless, and Contentionless ROADM (2012)

We describe a silica-on-silicon PLC transponder aggregator (TPA) based on splitterswitch architecture. This integrated TPA enables us to realize a colorless, directionless and contentionless multi-degree ROADM cost-effectively with a small footprint.
Compatability of Tall Fescue and Coastal Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Height of Clip<sup>1</sup> (1968)

Abstract Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacae ) was seeded into dormant Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L.), fertilized at five levels of N, and clipped at 5.1 and 10.2 cm over a 3‐year period to evaluate the influence of these factors on its persistence in competition with Coastal. The experiment was conducted at two adjacent locations, with one irrigated and the other not irrigated. Tall fescue persisted and contributed to yield at N levels up to 420 kg N/ha per year at the 5.1‐cm clip height, and at N levels up to 560 kg N/ha per year at 10.2‐cm clip height. Nitrogen fertilization decreased fescue content, whereas, the higher clipping increased fescue content of the harvested forage. Fescue content was high in the spring and fall and low in summer. Fescue growth during summer was better at the irrigated location. High N fertilization gave the highest yields, with little fescue in the harvested forage. Tall fescue‐Coastal associations have potential in grazing systems for cow‐calf operations where even seasonal distribution of forage may be important.
Polarization demultiplexing based on independent component analysis in optical coherent receivers (2008)

A novel independent component analysis based algorithm is proposed for polarization demultiplexing. It solves the converge-to-same-source problem of constant modulus algorithm while possesses similar polarization tracking capability.