gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Mouse Nasal and Tracheal Epithelium for Cellular Composition and Ciliary Cell Reactivity (2011)

Objective:To compare the proportion of cell populations and effects of exogenous stimuli on ciliary beat frequency(CBF) in mouse nasal and tracheal epithelium.Methods:Mouse nasal and tracheal epithelial cells were cultured by enzymatic digestion culture method,the yield of ciliary cells and also the effects of ATP,benzalkonium bromide on CBF were observed.In addition,the proportion of cell populations in nasal and tracheal epithelium was investigated by immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results:① Cultured ciliated epithelial cells were(45±5)% of the total cell population in nasal turbinate epithelium,whereas,tracheal ciliary cells comprised(15±5)% of total cell population.② Expression of acytylated α-tubulin was detected in both nasal and tracheal epithelium,however,the positive cells in nasal epithelium appeared more continuously and densely than in tracheal epithelium.③ CBF increased with treatment of 100 μmol/L ATP both in nasal(235.06%) and tracheal(118.49%) epithelial cells,the difference between two groups was significant(P=0.013).While CBF decreased with addition of 0.005% benzalkonium bromide,significant difference between nasal(50.31%) and tracheal(8.27%) epithelium was detected(P=0.004).④ By SEM,the proportion of ciliary cells in nasal(90%) epithelium was much higher than in trachea(30%~40%).Conclusion:There are significant differences in the proportion of ciliary cells and CBF changes towards exogenous stimuli in nasal and tracheal epithelium;ciliary cell numbers of nasal epithelium were much higher than those in trachea,among which turbinate is an abundant resource for ciliary cell cultures that should not be ignored.
Solid-supported polymer bilayers as membrane mimics (2010)

Membranes are one of Nature’s most remarkable designs. Due to their importance in numerous cellular processes, they are prominent subjects of biochemical and biophysical fundamental research. In particular, it is crucial to understand the membrane morphology, the role of individual membrane components, and also to correlate the membrane structure to its various functions. Besides, systems inspired by natural membranes are of high interest for technological applications, such as water purification, drug screening, or sensing. However, the complexity and fragility of natural membranes often limit their direct use. For that reason, the development of membrane models is indispensable. Suitable building blocks for model systems could be lipids or amphiphilic polymers.\n In this thesis, robust solid-supported membrane models from amphiphilic diblock copolymers were designed by combining different methods of polymer synthesis, membrane preparation, and surface analytics. Anionic polymerization yielded a well-defined poly(butadiene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) polymer in terms of overall molecular weight and individual block length. Through a chemical modification procedure, a sulfur-functionalized derivate of the polymer was obtained, which served for covalent immobilization of the polymer monolayers on ultrasmooth gold surfaces.\n For membrane preparation two different procedures were employed: on the one hand, individual polymeric monolayers were deposited on the gold supports by a combination of the well-controllable Langmuir film transfer techniques. On the other hand, in a one-step procedure, polymer superstructures were spread either on gold or on glass surfaces to yield solid-supported polymer membranes. The membranes with a covalently immobilized proximal leaflet by sulfur/gold chemistry possess high mechanical stability, and at the same time, a certain degree of mobility resulting from the non-covalent coupling of the individual sheets. \n The membranes were characterized by surface-sensitive techniques such as atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to gain insights into morphology, homogeneity, and thickness of the layers. To demonstrate the membranes’ biomimetic potential, they were incubated with peptides, polymyxin B and -haemolysin. Occurring interactions were detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. \n In summary, this thesis might impact fundamental membrane science as well as prospective biotechnological applications.\n \n
Improved detection suggests all Merkel cell carcinomas harbor Merkel polyomavirus (2012)

A human polyomavirus was recently discovered in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) specimens. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) genome undergoes clonal integration into the host cell chromosomes of MCC tumors and expresses small T antigen and truncated large T antigen. Previous studies have consistently reported that MCPyV can be detected in approximately 80% of all MCC tumors. We sought to increase the sensitivity of detection of MCPyV in MCC by developing antibodies capable of detecting large T antigen by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we expanded the repertoire of quantitative PCR primers specific for MCPyV to improve the detection of viral DNA in MCC. Here we report that a novel monoclonal antibody detected MCPyV large T antigen expression in 56 of 58 (97%) unique MCC tumors. PCR analysis specifically detected viral DNA in all 60 unique MCC tumors tested. We also detected inactivating point substitution mutations of TP53 in the two MCC specimens that lacked large T antigen expression and in only 1 of 56 tumors positive for large T antigen. These results indicate that MCPyV is present in MCC tumors more frequently than previously reported and that mutations in TP53 tend to occur in MCC tumors that fail to express MCPyV large T antigen.
GaAsFET and HEMT small-signal parameter extraction from measured S-parameters (1994)

An improved method for extracting small-signal model parameters including package parasitics for GaAsFET and HEMT devices is described. Monte Carlo simulation techniques result in optimized model component values for minimum error between measured and modeled S-parameters. Simulation time is reduced by starting from initial component values derived from an improved direct extraction procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient blue light emitting devices based on rigid‐rod polyelectrolytes (1996)

Blue light emitting devices based on a rigid‐rod polyelectrolyte–sulfonated poly( p ‐phenylene), see Figure–that has both luminescent and ionic moieties have been prepared and their properties investigated. It is reported that the devices exhibited a low onset voltage (3.3 V), the external quantum efficiencies reached 0.8%, and the size of the counter ion had a pronounced influence on the electrical characteristics. magnified image
Development of Subtype Selective GABA<sub>A</sub>Modulators (2005)

Drugs modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission via the benzodiazepine (BZ) site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor have been in widespread use for more than 40 years to treat anxiety, epilepsy, and sleep disorders. These drugs have been shown to be safe, well tolerated, and effective although the mechanism by they produce a myriad of pharmacologic effects remains elusive. In recent years it has been discovered that, although the GABAA receptor is widely distributed in the brain, the substructure and composition of the receptor differs from between brain regions. Termed "GABAA receptor subtypes" their discovery leads to speculation that different subtypes may mediate specific effects of BZs such as anxiety or sedation. The phenotypic analysis of transgenic knock-in and knock-out mice in which particular GABAA receptors were rendered insensitive to the effects of BZ while others were unaffected confirmed this speculation. Subsequently, subtype-specific GABAA ligands were developed that, for example, retained the anxiolytic effects of BZs but were devoid of their sedative effects. Therefore, it may be possible to develop effective anxiolytic compounds that have a much reduced side-effect profile compared with existing drugs.
Psychophysical customization of directional transfer functions for virtual sound localization (2000)

The accuracy of virtual localization when using nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions can be improved by scaling the transfer functions in frequency [Middlebrooks, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 1493–1510 (1999)]. The present letter describes a psychophysical procedure by which listeners identified appropriate scale factors. The procedure ran on nonspecialized equipment, took as little as 20 min, and could be used successfully by inexperienced listeners. Scale factors obtained from the psychophysical procedure approximated factors computed from acoustical measurements from individual listeners. Roughly equivalent virtual-localization accuracy was obtained using scale factors derived from acoustical measurements, from the psychophysical procedure, or from listeners’ physical dimensions.
SimSPRT-II: Monte Carlo Simulation of Sequential Probability Ratio Test Algorithms for Optimal Prognostic Performance (2016)

New prognostic AI innovations are being developed, optimized, and productized for enhancing the reliability, availability, and serviceability of enterprise servers and data centers, known as Electronic Prognostics (EP). EP prognostic innovations are now being spun off for prognostic cyber-security applications, and for Internet-of-Things (IoT) prognostic applications in the industrial sectors of manufacturing, transportation, and utilities. For these applications, the function of prognostic anomaly detection is achieved by predicting what each monitored signal "should be" via highly accurate empirical nonlinear nonparametric (NLNP) regression algorithms, and then differencing the optimal signal estimates from the real measured signals to produce "residuals". The residuals are then monitored with a Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). The advantage of the SPRT, when tuned properly, is that it provides the earliest mathematically possible annunciation of anomalies growing into time series signals for a wide range of complex engineering applications. SimSPRT-II is a comprehensive parametric monte-carlo simulation framework for tuning, optimization, and performance evaluation of SPRT algorithms for any types of digitized time-series signals. SimSPRT-II enables users to systematically optimize SPRT performance as a multivariate function of Type-I and Type-II errors, Variance, Sampling Density, and System Disturbance Magnitude, and then quickly evaluate what we believe to be the most important overall prognostic performance metrics for real-time applications: Empirical False and Missed-alarm Probabilities (FAPs and MAPs), SPRT Tripping Frequency as a function of anomaly severity, and Overhead Compute Cost as a function of sampling density. SimSPRT-II has become a vital tool for tuning, optimization, and formal validation of SPRT based AI algorithms for applications in a broad range of engineering and security prognostic applications.
Repression of the Heat Shock Factor 1 Transcriptional Activation Domain Is Modulated by Constitutive Phosphorylation (1997)

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is constitutively expressed in mammalian cells and negatively regulated for DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Upon exposure to heat shock and other forms of chemical and physiological stress, these activities of HSF1 are rapidly induced. In this report, we demonstrate that constitutive phosphorylation of HSF1 at serine residues distal to the transcriptional activation domain functions to repress transactivation. Tryptic phosphopeptide analysis of a collection of chimeric GAL4-HSF1 deletion and point mutants identified a region of constitutive phosphorylation encompassing serine residues 303 and 307. The significance of phosphorylation at serines 303 and 307 in the regulation of HSF1 transcriptional activity was demonstrated by transient transfection and assay of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct. Whereas the transfected wild-type GAL4-HSF1 chimera is repressed for transcriptional activity and derepressed by heat shock, mutation of serines 303 and 307 to alanine results in derepression to a high level of constitutive activity. Similar results were obtained with mutation of these serine residues in the context of full-length HSF1. These data reveal that constitutive phosphorylation of serines 303 and 307 has an important role in the negative regulation of HSF1 transcriptional activity at control temperatures.
N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) retinamide induces cell cycle specific growth inhibition in PC3 cells (1994)

The synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of primary and metastatic neoplasms in several animal models. In order to investigate the effect of 4-HPR on human prostate adenocarcinoma, we designed a series of in vitro experiments with the PC3 cell line to evaluate effects on proliferation, cell cycle kinetics, and c-myc mRNA expression. 4-HPR demonstrated cytotoxicity only at the supraphysiologic concentration of 10.0 microM. However, asynchronously growing cells exposed to 1 microM 4-HPR demonstrated a 51% reduction in proliferation rate, associated with an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. PC3 cells synchronized with serum deprivation or aphidicolin exhibited significant decreases in DNA synthesis when treated with 1 microM 4-HPR. Additionally, these cells were found to accumulate in G0/G1 and S phase. Northern blots indicated a significant decrease in c-myc mRNA expression in asynchronously growing cells with continuous administration of 1 microM 4-HPR for 6 days. These data suggest that 4-HPR can inhibit growth of PC3 cells as a consequence of a block in cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase at a concentration of 1 microM, and that this inhibition is associated with a suppression of c-myc gene expression.
Increased incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and detection of subclinical disease (2007)

Our findings suggest that more frequent use of medical imaging has led to an increased detection rate of small, subclinical tumours, which in turn accounts for the higher incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. This suggests that we need to re-evaluate our understanding of the trends in thyroid cancer incidence.
Columnar Structure in Bulk Heterojunction in Solution-Processable Three-Layered p-i-n Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Tetrabenzoporphyrin Precursor and Silylmethyl[60]fullerene (2009)

A new solution-processable fabrication protocol using a soluble tetrabenzoporphyrin (BP) precursor and bis(dimethylphenylsilylmethyl)[60]fullerene (SIMEF) created three-layered p-i-n photovoltaic devices, in which the i-layer possesses a well-defined bulk heterojunction structure in which columnar BP crystals grow vertically from the bottom p-layer. The device showed a power conversion efficiency of 5.2% (V(OC) = 0.75 V; J(SC) = 10.5 mA/cm(2); FF = 0.65).
Accurate road following and reconstruction by computer vision (2002)

This paper presents a method designed to track and to recover the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of a road by computer vision. The method is based first upon an accurate detection algorithm which provides a reliable estimation of the roadside in the image. This algorithm works by recursive updating of a statistical model of the lane obtained by an off-line training phase. Once the sides have been located, a reconstruction algorithm computes the vehicle location on its lane, the 3-D shape of the road, and gives both the sides location and their confidence interval for the next image. The detection algorithm then looks for the roadside in this interval in order to limit the computational times, which are about 30-150 ms on a HP workstation.
Inference-Based Surface Reconstruction of Cluttered Environments (2011)

We present an inference-based surface reconstruction algorithm that is capable of identifying objects of interest among a cluttered scene, and reconstructing solid model representations even in the presence of occluded surfaces. Our proposed approach incorporates a predictive modeling framework that uses a set of user-provided models for prior knowledge, and applies this knowledge to the iterative identification and construction process. Our approach uses a local to global construction process guided by rules for fitting high-quality surface patches obtained from these prior models. We demonstrate the application of this algorithm on several example data sets containing heavy clutter and occlusion.
[Retinal function under conditions of artificial illumination with varying spectral makeup in patients with sclerotic macular dystrophy]. (1990)

In conditions of a laboratory experiment using illumination of various light sources (by incandescent, luminescent, arc-mercury, natrium lamps), determination of visual acuity, visual field, color perception, restoration time of visual acuity after macular flash lighting (photostress test), Heidinger's phenomenon as well as visocontrastometry after V. V. Volkov, Weston's correction test were conducted in 46 patients (92 eyes) with macular dystrophy and 50 healthy persons in the dynamics of a working day. It was found that the spectral composition of the visible light has a remarkable influence on the function of color perception, contrast sensitivity, reaction of visual analyser on light load, visual ability to work. In patients with macular dystrophy, the dependence on the light medium was expressed much greater than in healthy persons. The highest functional state of the retina and visual ability to work in patients with macular dystrophy were provided by natrium lamps having a maximum radiation in the yellow part of the spectrum. The short-wave visible light of arc-mercury and luminescent lamps somewhat suppressed the functional state of the retina and reduced visual ability to work. The results obtained are important for selection of optimal conditions of work for patients with macular dystrophy.
First results from a hybrid prototype CT scanner for exploring benefits of quantum-counting in clinical CT (2012)

μWe introduce a novel hybrid prototype scanner built to explore benefits of the quantum-counting technique in the
context of clinical CT. The scanner is equipped with two measurement systems. One is a CdTe-based counting
detector with 22cm field-of-view. Its revised ASIC architecture allows configuration of the counter thresholds of
the 225m small sub-pixels in chess patterns, enabling data acquisition in four energy bins or studying high-flux
scenarios with pile-up trigger. The other one is a conventional GOS-based energy-integrating detector from
a clinical CT scanner. The integration of both detection technologies in one CT scanner provides two major
advantages. It allows direct comparison of image quality and contrast reproduction as well as instantaneous
quantification of the relative dose usage and material separation performance achievable with counting techniques.
In addition, data from the conventional detector can be used as complementary information during reconstruction
of the images from the counting device. In this paper we present CT images acquired with the hybrid prototype
scanner, illustrate its underlying conceptual methods, and provide first experimental results quantifying clinical
benefits of quantum-counting CT.
Integrated-optical single-sideband modulator and phase shifter (1982)

A scheme of spatially weighted coupling between two waveguide modes is proposed in which the weights form an electrooptically induced periodic coupling structure that can be moved at variable speeds forward or backward along the guide. The device can operate as an optical phase shifter with unlimited phase range, as a single-sideband amplitude modulator or frequency shifter, or as a polarization transformer.
Frequency-domain TLM analysis of the transition from rectangular to circular waveguides (2002)

This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of various transitions between rectangular and circular waveguides. Three types of transitions are presented: An abrupt transition, a tapered transition consisting of cascaded sections of circular waveguide with increasing (decreasing) radii, and a ridged waveguide transition. The latter one has never been analyzed in the literature before, but is potentially the most effective transition because for its ease of manufacturing. The numerical analysis is based on the frequency-domain TLM (FDTLM) method using a graded rectangular mesh arrangement. A comparison with other techniques and measurements validates the approach taken. The typical return loss values achieved without optimizing the structures ranges, for most of the transitions investigated, between 15 to 25 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compliance in black patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycaemic therapy. (1991)

Poor compliance with drug therapy is an important cause of therapeutic failure. Sixty-eight black patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents were interviewed and various factors, such as age, sex, degree of control and type of therapy, were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Compliance was determined by qualitatively assessing urine for the presence of the drugs. An alarmingly high incidence of non-compliance of 65% was found, which could still be an under-estimation because of the long half-life of one of the drugs involved--chlorpropamide. Although interesting trends were noted, no statistically significant differences between compliant and non-compliant patients were found. In the light of the high incidence of non-compliance, a larger and more detailed study seems to be warranted to identify problem areas and to plan appropriate interventions.
Characterization and mapping of human genes encoding zinc finger proteins. (1991)

The zinc finger motif, exemplified by a segment of the Drosophila gap gene Krüppel, is a nucleic acid-binding domain present in many transcription factors. To investigate the gene family encoding this motif in the human genome, a placental genomic library was screened at moderate stringency with a degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide probe designed to hybridize to the His/Cys (H/C) link region between adjoining zinc fingers. Over 200 phage clones were obtained and are being sorted into groups by partial sequencing, cross-hybridization with oligodeoxynucleotide probes, and PCR amplification. Further, the genomic clones were cross-hybridized with a set of 30 zinc finger-encoding cDNAs (Kox1-Kox30) isolated from a human T-cell cDNA library. Four cDNAs (Kox4, Kox7, Kox12, and Kox15) were identified that match one or more genomic clones; these matches were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. One or more clones from each locus were mapped onto human metaphase chromosomes by chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization with fluorescent probe detection. We mapped ZNF7/Kox4 to chromosome 8qter, ZNF19/Kox12 to 16q22, ZNF22/Kox15 to 10q11, and ZNF44/Kox7 to 16p11. The results of these analyses support the conclusion that the human genome contains many, probably several hundred, zinc finger genes with consensus H/C link regions.