gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of transodontoid screw fixation (1998)

Anterior odontoid screw fixation is being performed with increasing frequency and may currently be the treatment of choice for Type II and selected Type III odontoid fractures, because it is the only surgical fusion that preserves C1-2 motion. Typically patients are immobilized postoperatively in a simple cervical collar. The authors present a case of postoperative fracture of the anterior body of the axis secondary to screw dislocation 5 weeks after single anterior odontoid screw osteosynthesis. Possible reasons for this rare complication and its implications for the technique are discussed.
Banff Field, UK Central Graben – evaluation of a steeply dipping, fractured chalk reservoir (1999)

The Banff Field is a steeply dipping raft of fractured Late Cretaceous and Danian chalk on the flank of a salt diapir structure on the western margin of the Central Graben in the UK North Sea. Paleocene sands draped over the raft and a carbonate cap rock provide additional reservoir potential. The unusual geometry of the reservoir is a result of a complex structural history. Generally positive relief and minor pulsed growth through the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary resulted in a condensed sequence of Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments over the structure. Contractional rejuvenation and active diapirism in the mid-Miocene deformed and fractured the thinned overburden to produce a tilted raft with reservoir dips generally over 45°. A vertical oil column of over 950 m (3000 ft) is present. Hydrocarbon migration began during the Oligocene, preserving good porosity in the chalk matrix during subsequent Late Miocene burial. Seismic imaging difficulties caused by the steep dips and uncertainties over reservoir performance and connectivity led to a phased development plan. Phase 1 involved a six month early production system (EPS) via two imaginatively designed production wells, during which time 5 × 10 6 BBL oil were produced. The two wells were drilled from the crest of the raft down to the oil water contact. Each well encountered over 1000 m (3300 ft) of oil-bearing chalk reservoir and provided important geological and reservoir performance data. Seismic data have been reprocessed using 3D pre-stack depth migration to improve image quality and lateral positioning. Geophysical, geological and biostratigraphical data have been integrated with the dynamic performance from the EPS to assess the controls on reservoir quality. The bulk of the reserves, and highest productivity occur in the Late Cretaceous Tor Formation. Chalk porosity ranges from 15–35% but matrix permeabilities are low, generally less than 5 mD. High productivities (up to 40 000 BOPD) achieved during the EPS are attributed to specific zones within the Tor chalks which have a favourable combination of chalk lithofacies (including local reworking to produce chalk debris flows), open fractures, depth of burial, diagenetic history and stratigraphy. Sand units within the Ekofisk chalk may have a significant impact on fluid flow. In situ stress is expected to exert a major (favourable) influence on waterflood performance. An effective phased development programme has resulted in an improved understanding of the complex controls on chalk reservoir performance in preparation for Phase 2 development. First oil is planned for mid-1998 and ultimate reserves are expected to be in excess of 60 × 10 6 BBL oil.
Edge-adaptive depth map coding with lifting transform on graphs (2015)

We present a novel edge adaptive depth map coding based on lifting on graphs. The transform is localized, of low complexity, and guarantees perfect reconstruction as long as a proper predict-update split is defined. During the transform process, data in the prediction set are predicted by data in the update set; the prediction errors are then stored for encoding. In order to reduce the energy of the prediction residue, we propose to use optimized sampling on graphs to select the update set. Experiments show that the optimized sampling approach achieves better results than the conventional maximum cut based splitting in terms of transform efficiency and reconstruction quality. In addition, performance using the lifting transform is comparable to the state-of-the-art graph based depth map encoder using graph Fourier transform (GFT), which requires high complexity for signal projection.
Ultra-Wideband Crossover Using Microstrip-to-Coplanar Waveguide Transitions (2012)

The design of an ultra-wideband crossover for use in printed microwave circuits is presented. It employs a pair of broadside-coupled microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) transitions, and a pair of uniplanar microstrip-to-CPW transitions. A lumped-element equivalent circuit is used to explain the operation of the proposed crossover. Its performance is evaluated via full-wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements. The designed device is constructed on a single substrate, and thus, it is fully compatible with microstrip-based microwave circuits. The crossover is shown to operate across the frequency band from 3.1 to 11 GHz with more than 15 dB of isolation, less than 1 dB of insertion loss, and less than 0.1 ns of deviation in the group delay.
Dynamic local connectivity and its application to page segmentation (2004)

Page segmentation is one of the important stage in most document processing systems. Algorithms found in published literatures often rely on some predetermined parameters such as general font sizes, distances between text lines and document scan resolutions. Variations of these parameters in real document images greatly affect the performance of the algorithms. In this paper we present a novel approach for document page segmentation using dynamic local connectivity transform. An efficient implementation of a local connectivity algorithm transforms a document image into a parameter domain in which a parameter value at a pixel location represents a connectivity property for its neighboring foreground pixels in the original document image. Then a top-down approach with a linear search reveals the document regions at each resolution levels as text block, text lines and graphics. We consider our algorithm a transform based multi-resolution method. Our ongoing research shows that the algorithm is robust for variations of document parameters.
Quantitative <i>In Situ</i> Cancer Proteomics: Molecular Pathology Comes of Age with Automated Tissue Microarray Analysis (2005)

Tissue microarrays provide a high-throughput method for assessing a large number of samples by incorporating small cores of tissue into an array that can fit onto one microscope slide. Analyses of tissue microarrays were previously limited by semiquantitative protein expression analysis using brown stain (chromagen-based) methods. These methods are imperfect for protein expression analyses because of a smaller dynamic range and decreased ability for multiplexing many markers, as compared with objective in situ quantitation of protein expression in tumor samples with fluorescence microscopy by a new technology called Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA™). By using AQUA analysis, tissue microarrays can serve a unique role as both a discovery tool and as a validation tool for nucleic-acid expression profiling-based target discoveries with results equivalent to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitation. The identification of novel prognostic markers can identify subsets of patients at high or low risk upon diagnosis, as well as new targets for potential future therapeutic development or metastatic disease treatment decisions. Thus, AQUA provides an unparalleled opportunity to advance personalized medicine through its ability to multiplex, quantitate and localize in situ protein expression.
Template synthesis of square-planar nickel(II) and copper(III) complexes based on hydrazide ligands (1998)

Ring-closure reactions between anionic complexes of nickel(II) and copper(II) with the hydrazide ligands (2-hydroxyiminopropionohydrazide [CH3C(NOH)C(O)NHNH2, H2poh] and oxalodihydrazide [NH2NHC(O)C(O)NHNH2, H2oxh] and formaldehyde have been investigated. The isolated compounds were characterised by means of NMR, IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single crystal X-ray analysis. In the case of the copper complex with H2oxh the cyclisation is accompanied by oxidation of the central atom to the +3 state with oxygen in the air. The central atoms in the complexes are square-planar with four nitrogen atoms belonging to the deprotonated hydrazide (Cu) or two hydrazide and two oxime (Ni) groups. The cyclic 1,3,5-oxodiazinane fragment in the complexes adopts a chair conformation which is retained in solution.
Ketjenblack Carbon Supported Amorphous Manganese Oxides Nanowires as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solutions (2011)

A composite air electrode consisting of Ketjenblack carbon (KB) supported amorphous manganese oxide (MnOx) nanowires, synthesized via a polyol method, is highly efficient for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a Zn-air battery. The low-cost and highly conductive KB in this composite electrode overcomes the limitations due to low electrical conductivity of MnOx while acting as a supporting matrix for the catalyst. The large surface area of the amorphous MnOx nanowires, together with other microscopic features (e.g., high density of surface defects), potentially offers more active sites for oxygen adsorption, thus significantly enhancing ORR activity. In particular, a Zn-air battery based on this composite air electrode exhibits a peak power density of ∼190 mW/cm2, which is far superior to those based on a commercial air cathode with Mn3O4 catalysts.
Bytecodes meet combinators (2009)

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has been widely adopted in part because of its classfile format, which is portable, compact, modular, verifiable, and reasonably easy to work with. However, it was designed for just one language---Java---and so when it is used to express programs in other source languages, there are often which retard both development and execution. The most salient pain points show up at a familiar place, the method call site.To generalize method calls on the JVM, the JSR 292 Expert Group has designed a new invokedynamic instruction that provides user-defined call site semantics. In the chosen design, invokedynamic serves as a hinge-point between two coexisting kinds of intermediate language: bytecode containing dynamic call sites, and combinator graphs specifying call targets. A dynamic compiler can traverse both representations simultaneously, producing optimized machine code which is the seamless union of both kinds of input. As a final twist, the user-defined linkage of a call site may change, allowing the code to adapt as the application evolves over time. The result is a system balancing the conciseness of bytecode with the dynamic flexibility of function pointers.
For what it’s worth (2000)

NURSES' TRUE value is finally being recognised in financial terms. Sadly, not a leaked preview of next year's pay award, but nonetheless a welcome theme that emerges in two of this week's main news stories.
Interspecies difference in the regulation of melanocyte development by SOX10 and MITF (2006)

There is increasing indication that interspecific phenotypic differences result from variations in gene-regulatory interactions. Here we provide evidence that mice differ from zebrafish in the way they use homologous key components to regulate pigment cell differentiation. In both zebrafish and mice, one transcription factor, SOX10, controls the expression of another, MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), which in turn regulates a set of genes critical for pigment cell development and pigmentation. Mutations in either Sox10 or Mitf impair pigment cell development. In Sox10-mutant zebrafish, experimentally induced expression of Mitf fully rescues pigmentation. Using lineage-directed gene transfer, we show that, in the mouse, Mitf can rescue Sox10-mutant precursor cells only partially. In fact, retrovirally mediated, Sox10-independent Mitf expression in mouse melanoblasts leads to cell survival and expression of a number of pigment biosynthetic genes but does not lead to expression of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting pigment gene which critically depends on both Sox10 and Mitf. Hence, compared with fish, mice have evolved a regulation of tyrosinase expression that includes feed-forward loops between Sox10 and tyrosinase regulatory regions. The results may help to explain how some embryos, such as zebrafish, can achieve rapid pigmentation after fertilization, whereas others, such as mice, become pigmented only several days after birth.
Cross-Phase Modulation in Multispan WDM Systems With Arbitrary Modulation Formats (2004)

Cross-phase modulation (XPM) is a major performance-limiting effect in high bit-rate wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks with narrow channel spacing. In this paper, we present closed expressions for fast and accurate calculation of both XPM-induced amplitude and phase distortions of WDM channels. This is of particular importance for network optimization and examination of advanced modulation formats. By comparison with simulations, we demonstrate the wide application range of the novel method.
Cyclin E Associates with Components of the Pre-mRNA Splicing Machinery in Mammalian Cells (1998)

Cyclin E-cdk2 is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression from G1 into S phase in mammalian cells. Despite this important function little is known about the downstream targets of this cyclin-kinase complex. Here we have identified components of the pre-mRNA processing machinery as potential targets of cyclin E-cdk2. Cyclin E-specific antibodies coprecipitated a number of cyclin E-associated proteins from cell lysates, among which are the spliceosome-associated proteins, SAP 114, SAP 145, and SAP 155, as well as the snRNP core proteins B' and B. The three SAPs are all subunits of the essential splicing factor SF3, a component of U2 snRNP. Cyclin E antibodies also specifically immunoprecipitated U2 snRNA and the spliceosome from splicing extracts. We demonstrate that SAP 155 serves as a substrate for cyclin E-cdk2 in vitro and that its phosphorylation in the cyclin E complex can be inhibited by the cdk-specific inhibitor p21. SAP 155 contains numerous cdk consensus phosphorylation sites in its N terminus and is phosphorylated prior to catalytic step II of the splicing pathway, suggesting a potential role for cdk regulation. These findings provide evidence that pre-mRNA splicing may be linked to the cell cycle machinery in mammalian cells.
Pollen Tube Growth in Interspecific Crosses between Capsicum Species (1991)

Crossing barriers between white- and purple-flowered species were examined. Four accessions of Capsicum annuum and three of C. pubescens were reciprocally crossed with one to four accessions of C. baccatum, C. cardenasii, C. chacoense, C. chinense, C. eximium, C. frutescens, C. galapagoense, and C. praetermissum. Capsicum chacoense is the only white-flowered species that inhibits C. annuum pollen tube growth but allows C. pubescens pollen tube penetration into the egg cell. Capsicum cardenasii and C. eximium exhibit similar crossabilities with C. annuum and C. pubescens: pollen tubes of C. cardenasii and of C. eximium can penetrate the egg cells of C. annuum but not vice versa, and pollen tubes of C. pubescens can penetrate the egg cells of C. cardenasii and of C. eximium but not vice versa.
Sustainability and Biotechnology (2010)

Granted, biofuels and biobased bulk chemicals are low hanging fruits (technically speaking), but the economic and ecological impact of biotechnology is estimated to be more effective with higher-value and more complex molecules. The “buzzword” biotechnology has led to different priorities, often without considering long-term socio-economic costs. Even so, biotechnology holds some very promising solutions to some of our problems with benign synthesis, smart products, and waste recycling. The commercial potential of biotechnology is huge, a colossal 1000 billion U.S. dollars, or about an order of magnitude more than today! In order not to disappoint investors and tax payers, however, we need to develop our tools further, especially for complex molecules for various applications.
Effects of Solvent Polarity and Acidity on the Extraction Efficiency of Isoflavones from Soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i>) (2005)

Soy isoflavones have been correlated with beneficial health effects. The predominant chemical forms of isoflavones present may affect their biological activities. Choosing the solvent system that can accurately quantify the amounts of individual isoflavones present in these products is paramount. Our objectives were to compare frequently used solvent systems and to evaluate the effects of polarity and acidity on the recovery of isoflavones from soybeans. Isoflavones were extracted from pulverized Manokin soybeans using six solvent systems, which are the combinations of three polarity levels (83% acetonitrile, 80% methanol, and 58% acetonitrile) and two acidity levels (nonacidified and acidified). The pulverized soybean was stirred for 2 h in each solvent system before filtration and concentration using rotary evaporation. The extract was resuspended in 16% acetonitrile and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Recoveries of pure standards were evaluated with all solvent systems. Solvents with a higher polarity extracted a significantly higher amount of total isoflavones. For individual isoflavones, 58% acetonitrile (highest polarity) extracted either the highest amounts or no less than other solvents, while 83% acetonitrile (lowest polarity) extracted either the lowest amounts or no more than other solvents except for the aglycone form. Acidification significantly reduced the recovery of the malonylglucoside form and the total isoflavones. The recovery study revealed that acidification favored the chemical transformations of isoflavones during the extraction. Among the six solvent systems examined, 58% acetonitrile aqueous solution without acid was the best for extraction of isoflavones from soybeans.
Isoprenylation of Rab proteins possessing a C‐terminal CaaX motif (1993)

Rab proteins are small GTPases highly related to the yeast Ypt1 and Sec4 proteins involved in secretion. The Rab proteins were found associated with membranes of different compartments along the secretory and endocytic pathways. They share distinct C-terminal cysteine motifs required for membrane association. Unlike the other Rab proteins, Rab8, Rab11 and Rab13 terminate with a C-terminal CaaX motif similar to those of Ras/Rho proteins. This report demonstrates that Rab8 and Rab13 proteins are isoprenylated in vivo and geranylgeranylated in vitro. Rab11 associates in vitro geranylgeranylpyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. Our study shows that the CaaX motif is required for isoprenylation.
Systemic and Local Cytokine Production in Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis and Its Relationship to Future Relapse: A Prospective Pilot Study (2005)

Rectal mucosal IL-8 measurement might be an additional objective diagnostic tool that can predict relapse in patients with quiescent UC.
RFID Application Development With the Accada Middleware Platform (2007)

The proliferation of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems in application domains such as supply chain management requires an IT infrastructure that provides RFID device and data management and supports application development. In this paper, we discuss these application requirements in detail. We also contend that the characteristics of passive RFID technology introduce constraints that are unique to the development of middleware for the RFID domain. These constraints include the occurrence of false negative reads, tag memory variations, the heterogeneous reader landscape, and the limited communication bandwidth available to RFID readers. To address these constraints and the application requirements for filtered and aggregated RFID data, we developed Accada, an open source RFID platform. This paper shows that the Accada implementation, which is based on a set of specifications developed by the EPCglobal community and a number of extensions, such as the surrogate concept and the virtual tag memory service, addresses the majority of the application requirements and limitations of passive RFID technology.
Improving connection and disconnection of a small scale distributed generator using solid-state controller (2008)

Self excited induction generator is extensively used in renewable energy sources such as small & large wind farms, small hydroelectric power plant and recently in micro combined heat and power systems muCHP. When connecting this unit to the grid a high transient current will flow. There will be a large, very fast, magnetic inrush current similar to that which occurs when a transformer is energised. This paper presents a solid state controller using coolMOS devices for improving connection and disconnection of the induction generator to and from the grid. The behaviour of the grid with connection/disconnection of the induction generator (islanding) through solid state controller have been simulated. Experimental model for solid state controller has been built using CoolMOS devices. Both simulations and experimental tests based on a laboratory 1.1 kW induction generator driven by a dc motor are clearly compared and show that the proposed controller are reliable and cost effective.
Role of the acid tolerance response in virulence of Salmonella typhimurium (1996)

During its life cycle, Salmonella typhimurium is exposed to a variety of acidic conditions. Survival in the acidic environments within the host may require the adaptive acid tolerance response (ATR), which is characterized by the induction of several Salmonella proteins upon exposure to mildly acidic conditions. These induced proteins protect the bacterium from death under severe acid challenge. The goal of this study was to examine the role of ATR in Salmonella pathogenesis. Initially, we observed that differences exist between the virulent S. typhimurium strains and the laboratory S. typhimurium strain LT2 with respect to their ATR. Mutations affecting the ATR of S. typhimurium LT2, including atrB, atrC (polA), atrD, atbR, and fur, were crossed into virulent Salmonella strains, and the resultant transductants were screened for virulence in mice and acid sensitivity. Surprisingly, with the exception of the fur mutation, none of the muatations had a major effect on acid resistance or virulence in the pathogenic strains. The fur mutants showed a 1-to 3-log increase in the 50% lethal dose; however, the magnitude of its effect was dependent on the strain background. Strains containing two or three different atr mutations were constructed, and these were also examined for acid sensitivity and virulence. The double and triple mutants that contained an atrC mutation no longer displayed an ATR. Those mutants which were more acid sensitive were also highly attenuated, suggesting a strong correlation between the ability to mount and ATR and virulence in S. typhimurium. Comparison of the ability of the various atr single, double, and triple mutants to survive within macrophages showed that strains containing an atrC mutation survived much less than the wild type in bone marrow-derived macrophages. No difference in survival within J774 macrophage like cells were detected.