gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cystatins: Biochemical and structural properties, and medical relevance (2008)

The cystatin superfamily comprises a large group of the cystatin domain containing proteins, present in a wide variety of organisms, including humans. Cystatin inhibitory activity is vital for the delicate regulation of normal physiological processes by limiting the potentially highly destructive activity of their target proteases such as the papain (C1) family, including cysteine cathepsins. Some of the cystatins also inhibit the legumain (C13) family of enzymes. Failures in biological mechanisms controlling protease activities result in many diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer. Cystatins have been classified into three types: the stefins, the cystatins and the kininogens, although other cystatin-related proteins, such as CRES proteins, are emerging. The stefins are mainly intracellular proteins, whereas the cystatins and the kininogens are extracellular. The cystatins are tight binding and reversible inhibitors. The basic mechanism of interaction between cystatins and their target proteases has been established, based mainly on the crystal structures of various cathepsins, stefins and cystatins and their enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Cystatins, as rather non-selective inhibitors, discriminate only slightly between endo- and exopeptidases. They are also prone to form amyloids. The levels of some stefins and cystatins in tissue and body fluids can serve as relatively reliable markers for a variety of diseases. In this review we summarize present knowledge about cystatins and their role in some diseases.
Drying of granular ceramic films (1991)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1991.
Optimal core dimensional ratios for minimizing winding loss in high-frequency gapped-inductor windings (2004)

Numerical techniques are used to find the inductor core dimensional ratios that minimize winding loss. It is shown that common core shapes result in significant excess losses, even if the shape of the wire winding is optimized. A design example demonstrates the practical implications of this technique for choosing cores-a standard core with dimensional ratios close to optimum provides a 32 % savings in power loss compared to another popular core shape. Further improvements in power loss could be achieved by using optimized core shapes. Improvements to software for shape-optimization of windings are described, including accounting for different turn lengths at different radii, the ability to select gaps in different core legs, and better approximations of three-dimensional field geometry.
P-1322 - Objective evaluation of pain and β-endorphin, substance P, CGRP blood concentration in patients with schizophrenia (2012)

Altered sensitivity to pain in schizophrenia has been described in literature, but the knowledge of this issue is insufficient. Case reports describing schizophrenia patients with painful medical conditions reported little or no pain. In all published studies except one, subjective test methods of pain were used. The study assessed pain threshold using objective test method and relationship between concentration of β-endorphin, substance P,CGRP and pain insensitivity in schizophrenia. The influence of negative symptoms and cognitive disorders on pain sensitivity was evaluated. 43 patients with schizophrenia, 5 healthy first degree relatives and 34 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All patients were in stable mental state and received neuroleptics. The concentration of β-endorphin, substance P,CGRP was measured and PANSS N , Trail Makin Test and Stroop test were performed. To assess pain threshold nociceptive reflex test (RIII) was used. Concentration of β - endorphin and CGRP was 20% higher among patients compared with healthy subjects. Study groups did not differ in subjective and objective pain threshold. Negative correlation between Stroop Test performance and subjective pain threshold was found. Negative correlation between TMT performance and nociceptive reflex was observed. A strong negative correlation (p < 0.001) between PANSS N scores and nociceptive reflex was found. Patients with schizophrenia do not differ in objective pain threshold from healthy control. Insensitivity to pain could be the result of negative symptoms or working memory disorder. It is also possible that increased level of β-endorphin is related to hypoalgesia.
Regiospecific Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted (Hetero)aryl Fused Imidazoles with Tunable Fluorescent Emission (2011)

A palladium-catalyzed two or fourfold amination was established that allows regiospecific synthesis of a diversity-oriented library of 1,2-disubstituted (hetero)aryl fused imidazoles, and provides an exceptional tool for the discovery of fluorescent scaffolds with tunable fluorescence emission. These fluorophores have been applied as fluorescent probes for live cell imaging.
Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Polyacetylene by Electron Beam Irradiation in the Presence of Dopant (1983)

Electrical conductivity of (CH) x doped with various dopants like SF 6 , C 2 H 2 , etc. which are usually not effective in increasing conductivity, is found to be enhanced by irradiation with the electron beam. These facts are tentatively ascribed either to the radiation induced complex formation, to the formation of cross-linking preserving the conjugated double bond scheme, or to the effective doping by the molecular fragments created by the decomposition of dopants by the electron beam irradiation.
Towards a Switched-Capacitor based Stimulator for efficient deep-brain stimulation (2010)

We have developed a novel 4-channel prototype stimulation circuit for implantable neurological stimulators (INS). This Switched-Capacitor based Stimulator (SCS) aims to utilize charge storage and charge injection techniques to take advantage of both the efficiency of conventional voltage-controlled stimulators (VCS) and the safety and controllability of current-controlled stimulators (CCS). The discrete SCS prototype offers fine control over stimulation parameters such as voltage, current, pulse width, frequency, and active electrode channel via a LabVIEW graphical user interface (GUI) when connected to a PC through USB. Furthermore, the prototype utilizes a floating current sensor to provide charge-balanced biphasic stimulation and ensure safety. The stimulator was analyzed using an electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) model as well as with a pair of pacing electrodes in saline. The primary motivation of this research is to test the feasibility and functionality of a safe, effective, and power-efficient switched-capacitor based stimulator for use in Deep Brain Stimulation.
Phase II study of SPI-77 (sterically stabilised liposomal cisplatin) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (2006)

To determine the efficacy and tolerability of SPI-77 (sterically stabilised liposomal cisplatin) at three dose levels in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients had Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and were chemo-naïve, and Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group 0-2. The first cohort received SPI-77 at 100 mg m-2, the second 200 mg m-2 and the final cohort 260 mg m-2. Patients had also pharmacokinetics and analysis of leucocyte platinum (Pt)-DNA adducts performed. Twenty-six patients were treated, with 22 patients being evaluable for response. Only one response occurred at the 200 mg m-2 dose level for an overall response rate of 4.5% (7.1% at >or=200 mg m-2). No significant toxicity was noted including nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity aside from two patients with Grade 3 nausea. No routine antiemetics or hydration was used. The pharmacokinetic profile of SPI-77 was typical for a liposomally formulated drug, and the AUC appeared to be proportional to the dose of SPI-77. Plasma Pt levels and leucocyte DNA adduct levels did not appear to rise with successive doses. SPI-77 demonstrates only modest activity in patients with NSCLC.
The foundations of successful RT in situ PCR (1996)

RT in situ PCR allows for the routine and rapid detection of low copy viral and human RNAs. Success with RT in situ PCR is best accomplished with formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material, which allows the study of archival material. The key variable for RT in situ PCR is protease digestion. The optimal digestion time, which is determined by testing a variety of protease digestion times, is defined by an intense signal in the nuclei of most cells irrespective of the primers used, and a loss of this signal with overnight digestion in DNase. This permits the target specific direct incorporation of the labeled nucleotide into the amplified cDNA. A lack of signal with the negative control (DNase, no RT) and an intense nuclear signal in most cells with the positive control (no DNase) is prerequisite for success with RT in situ PCR. The localization of the signal (cytoplasmic for human mRNAs and restricted to certain cell types) is another important indicator of successful RT in situ PCR. The one step rTth system allows for the reproducible amplification and detection of low copy RNA targets within a few hours. Matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in cervical cancer are used as a model system for RT in situ PCR. Analysis of MMP and TIMP expression in cervical cancer demonstrates the following: 1) the signal localizes to the cytoplasm of invasive cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells; 2) no signal is evident in the adjacent carcinoma in situ cells (non invasive component) or the normal epithelium. Cervical cancers of poor prognosis showed a marked increase in the percentage of cells expressing MMP versus TIMP as compared to microinvasive cervical cancer, which has an excellent prognosis.
Laser bonding of micro-optical components (2003)

A novel method for bonding micro optical components using a new joining process of silicon with glass is described. The process is based on selective heating with laser radiation forming a chemical bond at the interface of both joining partners. In order to characterize the locally selective bonding with laser (SBL) process, variations of laser parameters have been correlated with temperature measurements during bonding and the achieved bonding results. It was found that the temperature load outside the laser irradiated zone only lasted for seconds and remained below 300 degrees C, so minimizing the heat load of the entire component. The result of the investigations was a parameter field producing reproducible and strong silicon glass bonds. Basic knowledge for the thermal process of bonding and an understanding of the recognized bond defects was developed. Finally advantages and disadvantages of SBL with silicon and glass are discussed with respect to micro assembly of optical parts for telecommunication components.
System-Call Based Problem Diagnosis for PVFS (2009)

We present a syscall-based approach to automatically diagnose performance problems, server-to-client propagated errors, and server crash/hang problems in PVFS. Our approach compares the statistical and semantic attributes of syscalls across PVFS servers in order to diagnose the culprit server, under these problems, for different file-system benchmarks—dd, PostMark and IOzone—in a PVFS cluster.
Chicken Egg Antibodies for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Intestinal Diseases I. Immunization and Antibody Determination (1988)

Summary In order to obtain high amounts of specific antibodies against porcine enteropathogenic E. coli strains laying hens were immunized with a vaccine for pregnant sows. The course of antibody concentrations in serum and egg yolk was detected by a specific ELISA system. Advantages of egg yolk antibodies and potential therapeutic applications in human and veterinary medicine are discussed. Zusammenfassung Um große Mengen spezifischer Antikörper gegen porcin‐enteropathogene E. coli ‐Stämme zu erhalten, wurden Legehennen mit einer Muttertiervakzine für tragende Sauen immunisiert. Der Verlauf der Antikörperkonzentrationen in Serum und Eidotter wurde mit einem spezifischen ELISA‐System bestimmt. Die Vorteile von Antikörpern aus Eidotter und mögliche therapeutische Anwendungsgebiete in der Human‐ und Veterinärmedizin werden diskutiert.
Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor Driven Electric Vehicle Using Model Reference Adaptive Controller (2016)

This paper proposes a new sensorless speed control technique for induction motor (IM)driven electric vehicle (EV) using a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) with a basic energy optimization technique known as golden section method. The proposed MRAC for the vector controlled IM drive utilizes instantaneous and steady state values of a fictitious resistance (R) in the reference and adaptive models respectively. The proposed scheme is immune to the variation in stator resistance (Rs). Moreover, the unique formation of the MRAC with the instantaneous and steady-state reactive power completely eliminates the requirement of any flux estimation in the process of speed estimation. Thus, the method is insensitive to integrator-related problems like drift and saturation enabling the estimation at or around zero speed quite accurately. The proposed drive's performance with the R-MRAC is validated for various speed ranges and patterns in Matlab/Simulink. Sensitivity of various motor parameters and stability studies are carried out using eigenvalues loci plots by first order eigenvalue sensitivity analysis.
Structural Model of the Fe-Hydrogenase/Cytochromec 553 Complex Combining Transverse Relaxation-optimized Spectroscopy Experiments and Soft Docking Calculations (2000)

Fe-hydrogenase is a 54-kDa iron–sulfur enzyme essential for hydrogen cycling in sulfate-reducing bacteria. The x-ray structure of <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> Fe-hydrogenase has recently been solved, but structural information on the recognition of its redox partners is essential to understand the structure-function relationships of the enzyme. In the present work, we have obtained a structural model of the complex of Fe-hydrogenase with its redox partner, the cytochrome <i>c</i> <sub>553</sub>, combining docking calculations and NMR experiments. The putative models of the complex demonstrate that the small subunit of the hydrogenase has an important role in the complex formation with the redox partner; 50% of the interacting site on the hydrogenase involves the small subunit. The closest contact between the redox centers is observed between Cys-38, a ligand of the distal cluster of the hydrogenase and Cys-10, a ligand of the heme in the cytochrome. The electron pathway from the distal cluster of the Fe-hydrogenase to the heme of cytochrome<i>c</i> <sub>553</sub> was investigated using the software Greenpath and indicates that the observed cysteine/cysteine contact has an essential role. The spatial arrangement of the residues on the interface of the complex is very similar to that already described in the ferredoxin-cytochrome <i>c</i> <sub>553</sub> complex, which therefore, is a very good model for the interacting domain of the Fe-hydrogenase-cytochrome <i>c</i> <sub>553</sub>.
Controlled Ambipolar Charge Transport Through a Self‐Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Monolayer (2012)

An active mechanism for controlling ambipolar charge transport is developed based on self-assembled monolayers of gold nanoparticles. Electron and hole currents are manipulated by controlling the gate bias in order to overcome the intrinsic material limitations. The endurance and retention measurements confirm that this method exhibits good electrical reliability and stability. This solution process approach has potential for applications in large-area printed electronic devices.
High flow addition curing polyimides (1994)

Abstract A new series of high flow PMR‐type addition curing polyimides was developed, which employed the substitution of 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl (BTDB) for p ‐phenylenediamine ( p ‐PDA) in a PMR‐II formulation. These thermoset polyimides, designated as 12F resins, were prepared from BTDB and the dimethyl ester of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)‐diphthalic acid (HFDE) with either nadic ester (NE) or p ‐aminostyrene (PAS) as the endcaps for addition curing. The 12F prepolymers displayed lower melting temperatures in DSC analysis, and higher melt flow in rheological studies than the corresponding PMR‐II polyimides. Long‐term isothermal aging studies showed that BTDB‐based 12F resins exhibited comparable thermo‐oxidative stability to p ‐PDA based PMR‐II polyimides. The noncoplanar 2‐ and 2′‐disubstituted biphenyldiamine (BTDB) not only lowered the melt viscosities of 12F prepolymers, but also retained reasonable thermal stability of the cured resins. The 12F polyimide resin with p ‐aminostyrene endcaps showed the best promise for long‐term, high‐temperature application at 343°C (650°F). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The future of CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in B-cell malignancies (2010)

Limitations of therapeutic options for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have necessitated the development of novel treatments/strategies. Rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody [mAb]) considerably improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with B-cell malignancies, particularly when combined with chemotherapy; outcomes, however, are limited by rituximab resistance or reduced response upon re-treatment. Novel anti-CD20 mAbs are in development that may enhance mAb therapy. Ofatumumab (human anti-CD20 mAb) induces highly potent cell lysis, including in cells with low CD20 expression, and is the most clinically advanced new anti-CD20 mAb. Positive phase III interim data for ofatumumab in fludarabine-refractory CLL that is also refractory to alemtuzumab or less suitable for alemtuzumab due to bulky (>5 cm) lymphadenopathy has led to FDA approval of this agent in this population. Preclinical and early clinical assessment of other novel anti-CD20 mAbs include: ocrelizumab, veltuzumab, GA101, AME-133v, and PRO131921; data suggest potential for improved efficacy over rituximab that will require substantiation in large-scale clinical trials. New treatment strategies and novel anti-CD20 mAbs have the potential to enhance long-term outcomes for CLL and NHL.
Apelin-APJ Signaling Is a Critical Regulator of Endothelial MEF2 Activation in Cardiovascular Development (2013)

Our results demonstrate a novel role for apelin-APJ signaling as a potent regulator of endothelial MEF2 function in the developing cardiovascular system.
Evaluation of DNA ploidy in dysplastic and Spitz nevi by flow cytometry (1990)

As many as 40% of all primary cutaneous melanomas can have histologic remnants of nevomelanocytic nevi adjacent to the tumor. There is increasing evidence that dysplastic nevi are at least a clinical marker for melanoma risk. Spitz nevi are not known for such an association, but are noteworthy because of their histologic appearances. Spitz and dysplastic nevi were studied by flow cytometry to search for DNA abnormality. The study material consisted of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded material of 41 dysplastic nevi and 14 Spitz nevi. Four cases of dysplastic nevi were excluded for technical reasons. Of the 37 interpretable histograms from dysplastic nevi, 28 (76%) were diploid and nine (24%) were aneuploid. All the Spitz nevi were diploid. Thus, dysplastic nevi, but not Spitz nevi, share aneuploidy features in some cases with melanoma. Previous authors have demonstrated aneuploidy in melanoma with aggressive behavior and in those in deep vertical growth phase. Aneuploidy may be a feature of early as well as late stages of tumor progression regarding the nevomelanocyte system.
Choline dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa A-16. (1975)

Studies on choline dehydrogenase have so far been restrickted to mammalian liver." In the microbial oxidation of choline, the conversion of choline to betaine has not been clarified enzymatically,2) though many bacteria can grow on choline as the sole carbon and nitrogen source.3) This paper deals with the choline dehydro genase of cell-free particulate preparations from Pseudomonas aeruginosa A-16 which catalyzes the first step of choline oxidation, in which betaine aldehyde is formed. Ps. aeruginosa A-16 was grown on medium of the following composition: choline, 15 g; yeast extract, 3 g; NaCl, 1 g; K3HPO4, 1 g; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5 g; water to 1000 ml (pH 7.0). Cells were harvested by centrifugation after cultivation at 28C for 48 hr on a reciprocal shaker. Packed cells were washed once with
LUNG INFLAMMATION IN MICE EXPOSED TO AEROSOLIZED ENDOTOXIN AND ITS REVERSAL BY ANTIPHLOGISTIC AGENTS (1964)

A uniform lung inflammation was produced in mice by two exposures, 18 hours apart, to an aerosol of Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin. The inflammation reached a peak in 4 days and could be reversed by the subcutaneous or oral administration of steroidal or non-steroidal antiphlogistic agents on the second and third days. The anti-inflammatory potencies of the test compounds were determined by dose-proportional reductions in lung weights. The potencies of various anti-inflammatory steroids, relative to cortisone acetate, following subcutaneous administration were: dexamethasone, 539%; triamcinolone, 158%; methyl prednisolone, 100%; hydrocortisone acetate, 47%; cortisone, 33%; and hydrocortisone, 28%. Neither an antihistamine, an antiserotonin, nor sex steroids reversed the effects of endotoxin on the lungs. This new method offers several distinct advantages over established tests: the activities obtained reflect therapeutic, rather than preventive effectiveness since a state of inflammation exists at the time treatment is started; reversal of inflammation is easily verified by histological methods; and the test is rapid enough (4 days) for large-scale screening, yet sufficiently precise for quantitative assay.
Effects of ammonia and phosphate limitation on the activated sludge treatment of calcium‐containing chemical waste (1983)

Laboratory-scale biotreaters were used to study the effects of NH(3)-N and PO(4)-P nutrients on the activated sludge treatment of a chemical waste containing soluble calcium (1300 mg/L). Units receiving high or low levels of NH(3)-N and PO(4)-P were similar in their ability to remove organic compounds from the waste. Adaptation of sludges to low PO(4)-P levels (<0.1 mg/L effluent) resulted in a marked accumulation of CaCO(3) in the biosolids, whereas those receiving high PO(4)-P (2-4 mg/L effluent) had little CaCO(3). Microscopic observations of CaCO(3) containing sludges showed substantial amounts of CaCO(3) crystals imbedded in the biomass. These flocs also appeared to be enriched with nonfilamentous bacterial species in contrast to flocs devoid of CaCO(3) which had a floc structure of filamentous and nonfilamentous organisms. Scanning electron micrographs of flocs grown under low NH(3)-N showed a microbial fibrillar network of exocellular material interconnecting cells in the floc matrix. The sludges adapted to low NH(3)-N also produced higher amounts of extractable polysaccharide. CaCO(3) containing biosolids were more dense, larger, and settled better (low SVI, high ISV) than flocs devoid of the precipitates. It is not known from our experiments whether PO(4)-P or some inorganic or organic polymer produced by the floc bacteria are involved in inhibiting CaCO(3) precipitation in the activated sludge treatment of calcium-containing wastes.