gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional Transgenic Mouse Models: From the Basics to Genome-Wide Sets of Knockouts and Current Studies of Tissue Regeneration (2008)

Many mouse models are currently available, providing avenues to elucidate gene function and to recapitulate specific pathological conditions. To a large extent, successful translation of clinical evidence or analytical data into appropriate mouse models is possible through progress in transgenic or gene-targeting technology. Beginning with a review of standard mouse transgenics and conventional gene targeting, this article will move on to discussing the basics of conditional gene expression: the tetracycline (tet)-off and tet-on systems based on the transactivators tet-controlled transactivator (Tta) and reverse tet-on transactivator (rtTA) that allow downregulation or induction of gene expression; Cre or Flp recombinase-mediated modifications, including excision, inversion, insertion and interchromosomal translocation; combination of the tet and Cre systems, permitting inducible knockout, reporter gene activation or activation of point mutations; the avian retroviral system based on delivery of rtTA specifically into cells expressing the avian retroviral receptor, which enables cell type-specific, inducible gene expression; the tamoxifen system, one of the most frequently applied steroid receptor-based systems, allows rapid activation of a fusion protein between the gene of interest and a mutant domain of the estrogen receptor, whereby activation does not depend on transcription; and techniques for cell type-specific ablation. The diphtheria toxin receptor system offers the advantage that it can be combined with the 'zoo' of Cre recombinase driver mice. Having described the basics we move on to the cutting edge: generation of genome-wide sets of conditional knockout mice. To this end, large ongoing projects apply two strategies: gene trapping based on random integration of trapping vectors into introns leading to truncation of the transcript, and gene targeting, representing the directed approach using homologous recombination. It can be expected that in the near future genome-wide sets of such mice will be available. Finally, the possibilities of conditional expression systems for investigating gene function in tissue regeneration will be illustrated by examples for neurodegenerative disease, liver regeneration and wound healing of the skin.
INR Performance Simulations for MTG (2010)

For the next-generation of MTG instrument data processing to meet stated performance requirements, a state-of-the-art approach will be needed. As INR (Image Navigation and Registration) requirements have become tighter for the next generation weather satellites, due in part to finer spatial resolution, there will be significant challenges to meeting the performance requirements. A MTG Phase A study has analyzed and evaluated the INR aspects and results are reported here. The end-to-end performance of the space and ground segments will be examined by simulations based on an assumed INR reference model. The approach taken will be to characterize the disturbances that affect the navigation of the Line Of Sight (LOS). Space and ground segment elements that mitigate the disturbances will be presented. A pointing error budget and INR concept will also be presented. Comparisons are made with other geostationary weather programmes so that the specifications can be better understood. I. Introduction The Meteosat Third Generation satellite (MTG) is a follow on to the existing Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) system currently operating over Europe and Africa. The system is planned to be launched in 2016 and operated until 2037. The concept of nominal operations is for three, geostationary satellites to operate imaging and sounding missions at 0 degrees longitude. The imaging missions are comprised of the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), producing the critical nowcasting and very short term forecasting, and the Lightning Imager. The FCI operates in two modes; the Full Disk High Spectral Imagery (FDHSI); and the High Resolution Fast Imagery (HRFI). The sounding missions are comprised of the Infrared Sounder (IRS) and the Ultraviolet, Visible & Near Infra-red (UVN) Sounder both dedicated to climate and atmospheric chemistry. The imaging and sounding missions will be hosted on similar, but separate satellites. The analysis presented here is primarily focused on the imager mission, in particular the Flexible Combined Imager. A. History of the geostationary weather satellite program at EUMETSAT The Meteosat Third Generation Program is developed by EUMETSAT in cooperation with the European Space Agency (ESA). EUMETSAT is an independent intergovernmental organisation founded in 1986 to establish, maintain, and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites and is governed by a Council
An Isoreticular Series of Metal–Organic Frameworks with Dendritic Hexacarboxylate Ligands and Exceptionally High Gas‐Uptake Capacity (2010)

Holding gas: One of the isoreticular metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that have been synthesized and characterized structurally, PCN-68 (see structure), has a Langmuir surface area of as high as 6033 m2 g−1. The MOFs also display excellent gas (H2, CH4, and CO2) adsorption capacity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Li‐ion conducting organic‐inorganic hybrid electrolytes derived from TEOS and methacrylates (2007)

Abstract Li‐ion conductive organic‐inorganic hybrid electrolytes with the ionic conductivities of 10 –3 ‐ 10 –2 Scm –1 have been prepared by sol‐gel route from tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, poly(ethylene oxide), ethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butyl methacrylate, organic solvents and lithium perchlorate (0.01 wt%). The results of morphology and structure investigation by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 29 Si MAS Nuclear Magnetic Resonance have revealed strong influence of organic modifications, resulted in direct chemical bonds between organic and inorganic components and poly‐condensation process overlapped with crosslinking polymerization in hybrids prepared with ethyl methacrylate. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EXPRESSION OF A PARATHYROID CALCIUM RECEPTOR MECHANISM DEFINED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIPARATHYROID ANTIBODIES (1988)

Parathyroid tissue from patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) exhibited reduced immunohistochemical reactivity with monoclonal antiparathyroid antibodies, previously shown to stain intensely the surface of normal human parathyroid cells and to interfere with a receptor mechanism of these cells which is involved in the sensing and gating of Ca2+. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) release and cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations (Ca2+i) of dispersed cells from the pathological parathyroid glands had right-shifted dependencies on extracellular Ca2+, and exposure to the antibodies rendered both Ca2+i and PTH release almost completely insensitive to changes in ambient Ca2+. The results suggest that reduced expression of a parathyroid calcium receptor mechanism may be an important cause for the aberrant PTH release in HPT.
Reduced Size Spiral Antenna (1979)

The cavity backed spiral antenna with a square configuration is described. It is shown that with continual development and an invention of a unique design of cavity the aperture of this type of antenna is reduced to approximately 0.1λ square at its lowest operating frequency. The antenna radiates circularly polarised energy with a uni-directional beam over a decade frequency band. It is shown that the match of the antenna is better than 2:1 over the entire frequency band and that its gain is relatively high when its aperture dimensions are taken into consideration.
Lipopolysaccharide Structure Influences the Macrophage Response Via CD14‐Independent and CD14‐Dependent Pathways (1999)

CD14, a protein expressed on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Studies with normal and CD14-deficient macrophages show that responses to low concentrations of LPS require expression of CD14, whereas responses to high concentrations of LPS are CD14-independent. Since LPS isolated from different bacterial species shows structural variability, studies were performed to determine whether differences in LPS structure influence CD14-dependent and CD14-independent responses. Studies with LPS purified from Escherichia coli, Salmonella abortus subspecies equi, Salmonella minnesota, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Rhodobacter sphaeroides show that the strongest CD14-dependent responses require a typical O-antigen, long carbohydrate chains, at least 6 acyl chains in their lipid A, and 2-phosphorylated Kdo moieties; wild-type LPS lacking a typical O-antigen and containing short carbohydrate chains and 2-phosphorylated Kdo moieties induces the strongest CD14-independent response.
Growth requirements of pyruvate-decarboxylase-negative<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

Pyruvate-decarboxylase (Pdc)-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to grow in batch cultures on glucose-containing complex media, but not on defined glucose-containing media. By a combination of batch and chemostat experiments it is demonstrated that even in complex media, Pdc- S. cerevisiae does not exhibit prolonged growth on glucose. Pdc- strains do grow in carbon-limited cultures on defined media containing glucose-acetate mixtures. The acetate requirement for glucose-limited growth, estimated experimentally by continuously decreasing the acetate feed to chemostat cultures, matched the theoretical acetyl-CoA requirement for lipid and lysine synthesis, consistent with the proposed role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA.
An Untethered, Electrostatic, Globally Controllable MEMS Micro-Robot (2006)

We present an untethered, electrostatic, MEMS micro-robot, with dimensions of 60 /spl mu/m by 250 /spl mu/m by 10 /spl mu/m. The device consists of a curved, cantilevered steering arm, mounted on an untethered scratch drive actuator (USDA). These two components are fabricated monolithically from the same sheet of conductive polysilicon, and receive a common power and control signal through a capacitive coupling with an underlying electrical grid. All locations on the grid receive the same power and control signal, so that the devices can be operated without knowledge of their position on the substrate. Individual control of the component actuators provides two distinct motion gaits (forward motion and turning), which together allow full coverage of a planar workspace. These MEMS micro-robots demonstrate turning error of less than 3.7/spl deg//mm during forward motion, turn with radii as small as 176 /spl mu/m, and achieve speeds of over 200 /spl mu/m/sec with an average step size as small as 12 nm. They have been shown to operate open-loop for distances exceeding 35 cm without failure, and can be controlled through teleoperation to navigate complex paths. The devices were fabricated through a multiuser surface micromachining process, and were postprocessed to add a patterned layer of tensile chromium, which curls the steering arms upward. After sacrificial release, the devices were transferred with a vacuum microprobe to the electrical grid for testing. This grid consists of a silicon substrate coated with 13-/spl mu/m microfabricated electrodes, arranged in an interdigitated fashion with 2-/spl mu/m spaces. The electrodes are insulated by a layer of electron-beam-evaporated zirconium dioxide, so that devices placed on top of the electrodes will experience an electrostatic force in response to an applied voltage. Control waveforms are broadcast to the device through the capacitive power coupling, and are decoded by the electromechanical response of the device body. Hysteresis in the system allows on-board storage of n=2 bits of state information in response to these electrical signals. The presence of on-board state information within the device itself allows each of the two device subsystems (USDA and steering arm) to be individually addressed and controlled. We describe this communication and control strategy and show necessary and sufficient conditions for voltage-selective actuation of all 2/sup n/ system states, both for our devices (n=2), and for the more general case (where n is larger.).
Name Tagging with Word Clusters and Discriminative Training (2004)

We present a technique for augmenting annotated training data with hierarchical word clusters that are automatically derived from a large unannotated corpus. Cluster membership is encoded in features that are incorporated in a discriminatively trained tagging model. Active learning is used to select training examples. We evaluate the technique for named-entity tagging. Compared with a state-of-the-art HMM-based name finder, the presented technique requires only 13 % as much annotated data to achieve the same level of performance. Given a large annotated training set of 1,000,000 words, the technique achieves a 25 % reduction in error over the state-of-the-art HMM trained on the same material. 1
A Credibility Based Scheduling Algorithm for Computational Grid (2005)

The MCT (minimum completion time) algorithm delivers good performance. But it depends on the estimated response time too much, resulting in a low reliability. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, which improves the MCT algorithm by adding an integrative credibility component. We evaluate our algorithm within a simulated grid environment. These experimental results show that the new credibility based MCT improves the reliability and leads to a significant performance gain.
An integrated distributed systems management architecture (1993)

As distributed systems get larger and more complex, there is an urgent need to manage their components in order to ensure reliable and efficient operations. Managing distributed systems entails monitoring the activities of their components and controlling their behavior as needed. This paper examines the requirements of managing distributed systems and proposes an integrated management architecture. The proposed architecture can provide the support for the management of not only the network services and devices but also the systems services, resources and applications. We also show how some of the management tools developed in the CORDS project fit in this management architecture.
Toward software plug-and-play (1997)

article Free Access Share on Toward software plug-and-play Authors: Francois Bronsard Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , Douglas Bryan Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , W. Kozaczynski Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , Edy S. Liongosari Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , Jim Q. Ning Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , Ásgeir Ólafsson Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile , John W. Wetterstrand Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, Illinois Andersen Consulting, Center for Strategic Technology Research, 3773 Willow Road, Northbrook, IllinoisView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 22Issue 3May 1997 pp 19–29https://doi.org/10.1145/258368.258379Published:01 May 1997Publication History 31citation778DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads778Last 12 Months47Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Applications of optical tweezers and an integrated force measurement module for biomedical research (2000)

Optical tweezers are useful for manipulating biological samples and measuring biological forces. In the present study, we have integrated a forward scatter analysis (FORSA) module in the single-beam gradient force optical tweezers. The entire set-up was then incorporated onto an inverted microscope. In the FORSA module an Helium-Neon probing laser was spotted (at a slightly out-of-focus way) onto the object being trapped by the infrared laser-based tweezers and generated a diffraction pattern. Imagines of the diffraction pattern were captured by a charge- coupled device (CCD), and digitized and processed by a computer. Wed demonstrated that tracking the amplified diffraction pattern war much more precise to determine the movement of the object within the trap than analyzing the minute motion of the object itself. Displacement of the object could then be translated into the force being applied by the tweezers. Also, using an algorithm developed in the lab, we were able to follow the movement of the scattering pattern at a temporal resolution close to video rate. We have used this system to investigate the binding force associate with cell-cell interactions and modular interactions. In these studies. A cell was carefully positioned to make contact with another cell or a microparticle coated with proteins of interest by optical tweezers in a well-controlled manner. During these events, we noted a progressive increase of cell adhesion at the immediate early period (i.e., a few minutes after initial contact) of cell-cell interactions. Also, binding of a disintegrin, rhodostomin, and its mutant to the counterpart integrin on the cell surface could be assessed with great convenience and accuracy. Our results demonstrated that addition of the forward scatter analysis module to convention optical tweezers provides an effective and convenient way for monitoring biological activities in situ and measuring changes of biological forces with precision.
Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes — a worldwide epidemic (2000)

Obesity is now commonly defined in adults as a BMI > 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity in established market economies (Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, etc.) varies greatly, but a weighed estimate suggests an average prevalence in the order of 15-20%. The prevalence in these countries generally shows increasing trends over time. Obesity is also relatively common in Latin America, but much less so in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia where the majority of the world population lives. Nevertheless obesity rates are increasing there as well and, more importantly, rates of diabetes are increasing even more quickly, particularly in Asian countries. The risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus in these countries tend to increase sharply at levels of BMI generally classified as acceptable in European and North American white people. There have been suggestions to adopt specific classifications of obesity in Asians (e.g. BMI 23 for overweight and 25 or 27 kg/m2 for obesity) and this will greatly affect the prevalence estimates of obesity worldwide (currently at about 250 million people). Particularly for health promotion purposes BMI may be replaced by a classification based on waist circumference, but also specific classifications for different ethnic groups may be necessary. The number of diabetics has been projected to increase from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in 2025. Much of this increase will be seen in Asia. In summary, both obesity and type 2 diabetes are common consequences of changing lifestyles (increased sedentary lifestyles and increased energy density of diets). Both are potentially preventable through lifestyle modification on a population level, but this requires a coherent and multifaceted strategy. Such strategies are not developed or implemented. These developments point toward the great urgency to develop global and national plans for adequate prevention and management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Microfluidic sedimentation system for separation of plasma from whole blood (2014)

A microfluidic system for a portable and speedy blood test device has been developed. In the system, blood is injected into a cylindrical channel with a diameter of 3.0 mm and a height of 3.0 mm from the bottom to the top. When the blood ascends the channel, blood cells sediment at the bottom and plasma is separated at the top. This system can be manufactured easily at a low cost by simply bonding two identical polydimethylsiloxane chips. Pure plasma can be obtained successfully from a very tiny amount of blood, less than a drop (9 μL).
Nucleic acid detection using BRET-beacons based on bioluminescent protein–DNA hybrids (2017)

Bioluminescent molecular beacons have been developed using a modular design approach that relies on BRET between the bright luciferase NanoLuc and a Cy3 acceptor. While classical molecular beacons are hampered by background fluorescence and scattering, these BRET-beacons allow detection of low pM concentrations of nucleic acids directly in complex media.
Characterization, Design and Optimization of Low-Profile Cavities for UWB Spiral Antennas (2012)

In this paper, we present a methodology for developing very low profile, hybrid, cavity-backed UWB spiral antennas from a precision electromagnetic material characterization standpoint. Using our method, we have accurately characterized, designed and optimized the dimensions of a 2-18GHz, cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna. The simulation and measurement results show that the antenna demonstrates excellent axial ratio and gain-bandwidth performance while maintaining an absorptive cavity depth of only 0.625 inches. The procedure can be extended to the design and optimization of any low-profile spiral radiator required to operate over extremely broad frequencies.
Serum von Willebrand Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Predict the Onset of Cerebral Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2002)

The development of cerebral vasospasm after SAH was preceded by increases in serum vWF, MMP-9, and VEGF levels. Increased serum vWF, MMP-9, and VEGF levels could accurately predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. These factors were not elevated by SAH alone or in a separate cohort of patients with ischemic stroke, suggesting that these factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of human cerebral vasospasm.