gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 Protects Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Reduces Inflammatory Response After Focal Ischemia in Mice (2012)

Background and Purpose— Inflammatory response plays a critical role in propagating tissue damage after focal cerebral ischemia. CXCL12 is a key chemokine for leukocyte recruitment. However, the role of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in ischemia-induced inflammatory response is unclear. Here we use the pharmacological antagonist of CXCR4, AMD3100, to investigate the function of CXCL12/CXCR4 in regulating inflammatory response during acute ischemia. Methods— Adult male CD-1 mice (n=184) underwent permanent suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). AMD3100 was injected for 3 days (1 mg/kg/day) after MCAO. Brain water content, infarct volume, neurological score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression and activity were examined at 24, 48, and 72 hours after MCAO. Proinflammatory cytokine RNA and protein levels in brain tissue were measured by RT-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results— Neurological score was greatly improved in AMD3100-treated mice compared with the control mice 3 days after MCAO ( P <0.05). Brain edema–induced change of water content, IgG protein leakage, Evans blue extravasation, occludin, and ZO-1 expression in ipsilateral hemisphere were alleviated by acute treatment of AMD3100. MPO expression and activity revealed that AMD3100 profoundly reduced the number of MPO-positive cells in the ischemic region ( P <0.05). It also attenuated proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ; their mRNA and protein levels changed accordingly compared with the controls ( P <0.05). Conclusions— CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 significantly suppressed inflammatory response and reduced blood–brain barrier disruption after MCAO. AMD3100 attenuated ischemia-induced acute inflammation by suppressing leukocyte migration and infiltration, in addition to reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ischemic region.
An alternative control structure for telerobotics (1989)

A new teletobotic control concept which couples human supervisory commands with computer reasoning is presented. The control system is responsive and accomplishes an operator's commands while providing obstacle avoidance and stable controlled interactions with the environment in the presence of communication time delays. This provides a system which not only assists the operator in accomplishing tasks but modifies inappropriate operator commands which can result in safety hazards and/or equipment damage.
Mismatched Filtering of Sonar Signals (1981)

A replica correlator (matched filter) is an optimum processor for a receiver employing a pulse of continuous wave (CW) signal in a white Gaussian noise background. In an active sonar, however, when the target of interest has low Doppler shift and is embedded in a high reverberation background, this is not so. High sidelobes of the correlator frequency response pass a significant portion of the signal contained in the mainlobe of the reverberation spectrum. In order to reduce the sidelobes of the correlator output spectrum and at the same time keep the increase in its 3 dB bandwidth to a small amount, we propose lengthening of the replica of the transmitted signal and weighting it by a Kaiser window. It is demonstrated that by extending the weighted replica by 50 percent compared with the transmitted signal, it is possible to reduce the sidelobe levels to at least 40 dB below the mainlobe peak, with the concomitant increase of the 3 dB band-width by less than 5 percent. The degradation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance for such a "mismatched" filter receiver with respect to the matched filter is less than 1.5 dB.
Laser-stimulable transparent KCl:Eu crystals for erasable and rewritable optical memory utilizing photostimulated luminescence (1993)

Intense photostimulated luminescence (PSL) with a peak at 420 nm is observed in ultraviolet (UV)-light-irradiated europium-doped potassium chloride (KCl:Eu) single crystals. The PSL characteristics of UV-irradiated KCl:Eu for optical memory application are studied. The excitation and emission mechanisms of the 420 nm PSL, which are consistent with the results obtained, are discussed.
Continuous ethanol production using immobilized yeast cells entrapped in loofa-reinforced alginate carriers (2011)

A culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae M30 entrapped in loofa-reinforced alginate was used for continuous ethanol fermentation in a packed-bed reactor with initial sugar concentrations of 200-248 g/L. Maximum ethanol productivity of 11.5 g/(L·h) was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 57.4 g/L, an initial sugar concentration of 220 g/L and a dilution rate (D) of 0.2 h-1. However, a maximum ethanol concentration of 82.1 g/L (productivity of 9.0 g/(L·h)) was obtained at a D of 0.11 h-1. Ethanol productivity in the continuous culture was 6-8-fold higher than that in the batch culture. Due to the developed carrier's high biocompatibility, high porosity, and good mechanical strength, advantages such as cell regeneration, reusability, altered mechanical strength, and high capacity to trap active cells in the reactor were achieved in this study. The immobilized cell reactor was successfully operated for 30 days without any loss in ethanol productivity. The average conversion yield was 0.43-0.45 throughout the entire operation, with an immobilization yield of 47.5%. The final total cell concentration in the reactor was 37.3 g/L (17.7 g/L immobilized cells and 19.6 g/L suspended cells). The concentration of suspended cells in the effluent was 0.8 g/L.
SREBP-1 is a novel mediator of TGFβ1 signaling in mesangial cells (2014)

Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerulosclerosis. TGFβ1 is a key profibrotic mediator of glomerulosclerosis, but whether SREBP-1 regulates its effects is unknown. In kidney mesangial cells and in vivo, TGFβ1 activates SREBP-1. This requires SCAP, S1P, and PI3K/Akt signaling, but is independent of Smad3. Activation of the TGFβ1-responsive reporter plasmid p3TP-lux requires SREBP-1a, but not SREBP-1c, binding to an E-box adjacent to a Smad-binding element. SREBP-1a overexpression alone activates p3TP-lux. Smad3 is required for SREBP-1a transcriptional activation and TGFβ1 induces association between the two transcription factors. SREBP-1a K333 acetylation by the acetyltransferase CBP is required for Smad3 association and SREBP-1 transcriptional activity, and is also required for Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, both Smad3 and SREBP-1a activation cooperatively regulate TGFβ transcriptional responses. SREBP-1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.
<i>Spata6</i>is required for normal assembly of the sperm connecting piece and tight head–tail conjunction (2015)

"Pinhead sperm," or "acephalic sperm," a type of human teratozoospermia, refers to the condition in which ejaculate contains mostly sperm flagella without heads. Family clustering and homogeneity of this syndrome suggests a genetic basis, but the causative genes remain largely unknown. Here we report that Spata6, an evolutionarily conserved testis-specific gene, encodes a protein required for formation of the segmented columns and the capitulum, two major structures of the sperm connecting piece essential for linking the developing flagellum to the head during late spermiogenesis. Inactivation of Spata6 in mice leads to acephalic spermatozoa and male sterility. Our proteomic analyses reveal that SPATA6 is involved in myosin-based microfilament transport through interaction with myosin subunits (e.g., MYL6).
NMR APPLIED TO FLOW MEASUREMENT (1968)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) PRINCIPLES FORM THE BASIS FOR A NEW INDUSTRIAL FLOWMETER. THE NMR FLOWMETER WAS DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE A HIGH-PERFORMANCE, UNIVERSAL, VELOCITY FLOWMETER, INDEPENDENT OF SUCH FLUID PROPERTIES AS CONDUCTIVITY, TEMPERATURE, VISCOSITY, DENSITY, GAS OR SOLIDS ENTRAINMENT AND OPACITY. IT HAS NO MOVING PARTS, MECHANICAL CONTACT WITH THE FLUID, OR ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH THE FLUID. NUCLEAR MAGNETIZATION OF THE FLUID PERMITS FLOW MEASUREMENT FROM THE OUTSIDE OF A STRAIGHT PIPE. THE FLOW IS NOT CONTACTED IN ANY WAY. THE OUTPUT OF THE FLOWMETER IS A SIGNAL WHOSE FREQUENCY IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLOW VELOCITY. IF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS OF A CONSTITUENT ELEMENT IN A FLUID HAS MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT, THE FLUID CAN BE METERED SINCE NMR CAN BE GENERATED. TESTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE METER CAN OPERATE OVER A RANGE OF ORTHO CONCENTRATIONS OF ONE HALF TO THREE PERCENT, AND RELAXATION TIMES BETWEEN 4.5 AND 9.5 MILLISECONDS.
Exploring linear structures of critical path delay faults to reduce test efforts (2006)

It has been shown that the delay of a target path can be composed linearly of other path delays. If the later paths are robustly testable (with known delay values), the target path can then be validated through simple calculation. Yet, no decomposition process is available to find paths that satisfy the above property. In this paper, given a set of target critical paths, we propose a two-stage method to find a set of robust-testable paths (with smaller number than the original set). The first stage constructs a necessary subset for critical robust paths, and the second stage identifies remaining functional sensitizable segments and their corresponding composing robust paths. The experiments show that a large percentage (several benchmarks close to 100%, 75% on average) of critical paths can be covered for most circuits. All paths and coverage are verified to match the best possible results. The data also indicate that the remaining hard-to-test (functional sensitizable) paths actually result from only a few tens of segments in the circuit (except for one circuit, s35932). DfT technique can then be applied to these uncovered segments for full testability with small overheads.
Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a macrophage-derived peptide that is known to be an important mediator in various physiologic and immunologic events. Although the effector function of TNF has received recent attention, there is relatively little information regarding factors that regulate TNF expression. Highly Ia-positive murine peritoneal macrophages obtained via complete Freund's adjuvant elicitation were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and assessed for the production and regulation of TNF at the cellular and molecular levels. In response to 1 microgram/ml LPS, the kinetics of functionally active TNF reached a maximum at approximately 3-4 h. The plateau in TNF levels was concomitant with an accelerated increase in prostaglandin E2 production. The addition of exogenous PGE2 demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in LPS-induced TNF activity at the cellular level, as well as a significant reduction in TNF mRNA accumulation as assessed by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. The reduction in LPS-stimulated mRNA accumulation by PGE2 was shown to occur at least at the level of transcription, since nuclear run-off analysis showed a specific reduction in TNF transcripts. These studies demonstrate that PGE2 can regulate macrophage-derived TNF gene expression.
Differential effects of anthracycline drugs on rat heart and liver microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent lipid peroxidation. (1982)

Abstract Rat liver microsomes have previously been utilized as a model biological system to study the activation of Adriamycin to the semiquinone free radical intermediate and the enhancement by Adriamycin of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidation and oxygen consumption. Incubating rat liver microsomes with Adriamycin or other structurally similar benzanthraquinone anticancer drugs resulted in marked stimulation of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. Carminomycin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin were considerably more potent than Adriamycin, while daunorubicin, deacetyladriamycin, N-dimethyl-adriamycin, aclacinomycin A, adriamycin 14-nicotinate, and steffimycin were approximately equipotent to Adriamycin in this test system. In contrast, lapachol, anthragallol, alkylaminoanthracenedione, mitomycin C, streptonigrin, 5-iminodaunorubicin, and the Adriamycin:DNA complex potently inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, nogalamycin, or rubidazone had little or no effect. α-Tocopherol-deficient rat heart microsomes but not control heart microsomes were susceptible to increased NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (up to 10-fold) when incubated with Adriamycin or other anthracycline analogs which stimulated peroxidation in liver microsomes. The rate of NADPH oxidation in the presence of microsomes was enhanced 4-fold by either Adriamycin or daunorubicin; lapachol, anthragallol, aminoanthracenedione, and 5-iminodaunorubicin at concentrations which inhibited lipid peroxidation had no effect on NADPH oxidation. NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was unaltered by those drugs which either stimulated or inhibited peroxidation. These results suggest that although several Adriamycin-like anthracycline drugs dramatically stimulated NADPH-dependent, reactive oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart microsomes, other quinone-containing anticancer drugs do not enhance lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, there appears to be a direct correlation between the ability of certain anthracyclines to stimulate heart or liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and the effects of these drugs in other cardiotoxicity model systems.
Aging and Venous Thromboembolism Influence the Pharmacodynamics of the Anti-Factor Xa and Anti-thrombin Activities of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Nadroparin) (1998)

Venous thromboembolism may be efficiently treated by one single daily administration of a high dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The present study investigates if the physiological deterioration of renal function associated with normal aging or the presence of an acute venous thromboembolism influences the pharmacodynamic pattern of the anti-factor Xa and anti-thrombin activities. Three groups of 12 subjects were investigated. The first 2 groups were composed of healthy volunteers differing by age (25 +/- 4 and 65 +/- 3 yrs) and creatinine clearance (114 +/- 15 and 62 +/- 6 ml x min(-1)). The third group was composed of patients hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis, having a mean age of 65 +/- 11 yrs and creatinine clearance of 76 +/- 8 ml x min(-1). Nadroparin was administered subcutaneously once daily at the dose of 180 anti-factor Xa IU.kg(-1) for 6 to 10 days. Serial sampling on day 1 and on the last day of administration (day n) allowed the pharmacodynamic parameters of the anti-factor Xa and anti-thrombin activities to be compared at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The main findings were the following: (1) After repeated administration, a significant accumulation of the anti-factor Xa activity was observed in the healthy elderly and in the patients but not in the healthy young subjects (accumulation factor: 1.3). There was no evidence of accumulation of anti-thrombin activity; (2) There were significant correlations between the clearance of creatinine and the clearance of the anti-factor Xa activity but not with that of the anti-thrombin activity; (3) In the patients, the clearance of the anti-factor Xa and of the anti-thrombin activities were 1.4 and 2 times higher respectively than those calculated in the healthy elderly; (4) The mean ratio of the of anti-factor Xa and anti-thrombin clearances was close to 2 in the healthy subjects but equal to 5.4 in the patients. These results suggest that the mechanisms involved in the clearance of polysaccharide chains which support the anti-thrombin activity are different from those of the anti-factor Xa activity and that the enhanced binding properties of plasma proteins to unfractionated heparin reported in patients presenting an acute venous thromboembolism also exists for LMWH, predominantly for the anti-thrombin activity.
중학교 사회1 교과서의 독도 관련 내용 분석 (2011)

한국이 실효적으로 지배하고 있는 독도에 대해서 일본은 집요하게 자국의 영유권을 주장하고 있다. 이에 대해서 우리가 가장 효과적으로 대응하는 방법은 각급 학교에서 독도 교육을 강화하는 것이다. 그러나 아직 우리는 가장 기본적인 단계인``독도 교육에 관한 연구``조차 매우 미흡하다. 그래서 필자는 중학교 1학년 사회 교과서를 대상으로 독도 관련 내용의 기술 실태를 분석하였다. 교육과정이나 교육과정 해설서에 독도 관련 내용이 명시되어 있지 않음에도 불구하고 독도 관련 내용은 상당히 많이 포함되어 있었다. 지도가 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있었으며, 다음으로 텍스트, 사진 등이 많았다. 그러나 그 내용은 대부분 수준이 낮고, 단편적이며, 피상적이었고, 부실한 경우도 다수 발견되었다. 각급 학교에서 독도 교육을 강화하기 위해서는 교육과정을 개정하고 다양한 교수-학습 자료를 개발하여 보급해야 하며 유관 교과 교사의 연수 및 독도 탐방을 더욱 확대해야 한다. 일회적이고 감정적인 대응보다 지속적이고 이성적인 대응 방안의 모색 및 실천이 필요하다.
Solar Evaporation of Salt Brines (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolar Evaporation of Salt BrinesM. R. Bloch, Ladislaus Farkas, and K. S. SpieglerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 7, 1544–1553Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50499a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50499a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multiple-source localization using line-of-bearing measurements: Approaches to the data association problem (2008)

In this paper, we consider the data association problem of multiple-source localization using line-of-bearing measurements. More specifically, we propose two approaches that circumvent the very high complexity of a brute-force solution to this problem. The first approach relies on statistical clustering of the intersections of line-of-bearing measurements and the second approach exploits cyclostationary features of the received signals to allow for line-of-bearing measurement separation based on each signal’s transmission modes. These two proposed approaches have reduced time and computational complexity, while maintaining a reasonable amount of accuracy, and are of great value for dense environments with large numbers of sensors and/or targets.
Immunogenicity in Weanling Rabbits of a Polyribophosphate Complex from Haemophilus influenzae Type b (1977)

Polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, is more effectively immunogenic when it is associated with the bacterium than when it is in the purified form that is being tested as a vaccine for humans. In an effort to analyze this difference, we isolated from H. influenzae type b a high-molecular-weight, soluble complex, in which PRP appears to be combined with protein (about 7% protein). The pyrogenicity and limulus lysate gelation activity of the complex suggest that a small amount of lipopolysaccharide also is present. The protein was resolved into five polypeptides by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. In weanling rabbits, which do not respond to purified PRP, the complex induces high titers of antibody of PRP, in an anamnestic pattern. Bactericidal antibody to other bacterial components was also elicited. Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of the complex indicated that most of the immunogenicity of PRP resides in the least dense fractions, which are high in protein, low in polysaccharide, and active in the limulus lysate test; denser fractions that react strongly with limulus lysate but are poor in protein were much less immunogenic.
Anab initio Hartree–Fock study of α-MoO3 (1997)

The structural and ground-state electronic properties of the layered orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO 3 ) have been investigated using a periodic boundary condition ab initio Hartree–Fock method. The effect of electron correlation is estimated with a posteriori density functional corrections to the total energy. The structure has been optimised using the correlation corrected Hartree–Fock energy (except for the interlayer separation where the correlation correction has not been applied), treating each degree of freedom independently. The bonding in the solid is examined in detail: the nature of the Mo–O interaction changes considerably with the equilibrium bond distance, and varies from strongly covalent for the shortest bond to a predominantly ionic interaction for the longest bonds in the MoO 6 octahedron. The degree of covalence in the bonding is characterised using electron density maps and the Mulliken population analysis; the net charge shows a value as low as -0.44|e| for the oxygen involved in the shortest Mo–O bond. The energy as a function of the interlayer spacing has a minimum, both at the correlated and the Hartree–Fock level, indicating that a weak attractive Coulombic force is active between adjacent layers.
Long-wave infrared detectors based on III-V materials (1991)

Future NASA missions for earth observation and planetary science require large photovoltaic detector arrays with high performance in the long wavelength region to 18 microns and at operating temperatures above 65 K where single-cycle long-life cryocoolers are being developed. Since these detector array requirements exceed the state of current HgCdTe technology, alternative detector materials are being investigated as a possible option for future missions. Advanced growth techniques (e.g., MBE and MOCVD) of column III-V semiconductors have opened opportunities for engineering new detector materials and device structures. The technical approaches under investigation at JPL (with university and industry participation) include: quantum well infrared photodetectors, heterojunction internal photoemission (HIP) photodetectors, type-II strained layer superlattices, and nipi doping superlattices. Each of these options are briefly described with some of their pros and cons. A more detailed description is given for the HIP approach being pioneered at JPL.
Optical digital high-speed transmission: General considerations and experimental results (1982)

Laboratory experiments on digital optical transmission systems at bit rates of 1 and 2 Gbits/s are described. Systems with graded-index and single-mode fibers in the optical short and long wavelength region were investigated. All systems include complete circuits for clock and signal regeneration. Special emphasis was laid on the development of electronic circuits for gigabit signal processing and on the investigations of the noise sources of the optical channel, which appear especially pronounced in broad-band systems. The experimental results confirm the possibility to set up reliable high-speed optical transmission systems under laboratory conditions with available components. The remaining problems are of optical and not of electronic nature, despite the fact that monolithic integrated circuits for gigabit applications are hardly commercially available today.