gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term culture of human bone marrow. I. characterization of adherent cells in flow cytometry. (1990)

Using long-term culture techniques, we were able to characterize the different adherent cell elements of the in vitro bone marrow microenvironment by flow cytometry. After 2 weeks of culture, four adherent cell subsets, L, MM, F, and M, were distinguished according to their intrinsic cellular characteristics of volume and spontaneous fluorescence. Using four immunological markers, we identified each population as a hematopoietic lymphocytic group (L), CD45+, VIM2-, CD14-; a hematopoietic myelomonocytic group (MM), CD45+, VIM2+, CD14-; a hematopoietic macrophage group (M), brightly autofluorescent, CD45+, VIM2-, CD14+; and a group of fibroblastoid cells (F) with a very high volume, CD45-, VIM2-, CD14-, and collagen III+. Isolation of the different hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic components of long-term bone marrow culture is thus possible using flow cytometry analysis according to the cell characteristic of volume and spontaneous fluorescence alone.
Expected precision of neutron multiplicity measurements of waste drums (1995)

DOE facilities are beginning to apply passive neutron multiplicity counting techniques to the assay of plutonium scrap and residues. There is also considerable interest in applying this new measurement technique to 208-liter waste drums. The additional information available from multiplicity counting could flag the presence of shielding materials or improve assay accuracy by correcting for matrix effects such as ({alpha},n) induced fission or detector efficiency variations. The potential for multiplicity analysis of waste drums, and the importance of better detector design, can be estimated by calculating the expected assay precision using a Figure of Merit code for assay variance. This paper reports results obtained as a function of waste drum content and detector characteristics. We find that multiplicity analysis of waste drums is feasible if a high-efficiency neutron counter is used. However, results are significantly poorer if the multiplicity analysis must be used to solve for detection efficiency.
Protection by amylin of gastric erosions induced by indomethacin or ethanol in rats (1997)

The effect of amylin on gastric ulcers induced by oral administration of indomethacin (Indo, 20 mg kg −1 at a dosing volume of 5 ml) or ethanol 50% (EtOH, 1 ml/rat) was investigated in conscious rats. Amylin given intracerebroventricularly (0.22, 0.66 and 2.2 μg/rat, i.c.v.) demonstrated a dose‐dependent cytoprotective effect against both Indo and EtOH‐induced ulcers. In contrast, amylin, given subcutaneously at doses effective in inhibiting acid gastric secretion (2.5, 10 and 40 μg kg −1 , s.c), did not show any cytoprotective effect. The interaction between amylin and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity was investigated by pretreating the rats with a selective inhibitor of NO‐synthesis, N G ‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 25 and 70 mg kg −1 , s.c). Administration of L‐NAME to rats did not significantly increase the degree of the Indo‐induced ulcer index and was not able to remove the protective effect of amylin on Indo‐induced ulcers, thus excluding a role for endogenous NO in mediating the protective effect of this peptide. To determine whether the cytoprotective effect of amylin was mediated by endogenous prostaglandins, we studied the effect of amylin (2.2 μg/rat, i.c.v.) on EtOH‐induced ulcers in rats pretreated with Indo (10 mg kg −1 , s.c.) to inhibit prostanoid biosynthesis; Indo was injected 30 min before amylin and EtOH after a further 30 min. Pretreatment with Indo did not significantly increase the ulcer index induced by EtOH but counteracted the ability of amylin to prevent the ulcer formation. These findings suggest that amylin exerts a gastroprotective activity that is not strictly related to inhibition of acid gastric secretion and can be partly explained through a prostaglandin‐dependent mechanism mediated by receptors for the peptide in the brain. Amylin might be considered as a new brain‐gut peptide.
Mechanical properties of SiO<sub>2</sub>aerogels (1988)

Ultrasonic and static compression experiments were performed in the frequency range 50 kHz to 1 MHz in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of silica aerogels as a function of internal gas pressure pG and external stress Pext. The measurement of longitudinal and transverse sound velocities allows the Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio for aerogels of different densities to be determined upon variation of pG and Pext. For low-density aerogels ( rho approximately=100 kgm-3) the authors found a decrease in sound velocity upon evacuation. Surprisingly, the sound velocity decreases upon uniaxial compression with small loads. The most important finding from the static compression experiments is that low-density aerogels display creeping with a time constant of about 45 min.
Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Confers a Survival Advantage to Endothelial Cells (2008)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with three different human malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. The KS lesion is of endothelial cell in origin and is highly dependent on autocrine and paracrine factors for survival and growth. In this study, we show that KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces the activation of the prosurvival phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. KSHV infection of endothelial cells augmented cell survival in the presence of apoptotic inducers, including etoposide and staurosporine, and under conditions of serum deprivation. We found that KSHV infection of endothelial cells also increased the ability of these cells to form an in vitro tubular network under conditions of stress and growth factor deprivation. Finally, we show that the nuclear factor-kappaB and PI3K pathways are also required for endothelial tubular network formation. Collectively, these results suggest that KSHV infection of endothelial cells modulates cell signaling pathways and induces cell survival and angiogenesis, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis induced by KSHV.
Cellular access control and charging for mobile operator wireless local area networks (2002)

This article presents a system architecture, design considerations, and rationale for a mobile operator wireless LAN. The article also discusses the system implementation and performance issues. The system presented reuses GSM and GPRS mechanisms for user authentication, access control, subscriber management, operator roaming, and billing, while still being compatible with wireless Internet service provider networks and IETF and IEEE protocols such as RADIUS, EAP, and IEEE 802.1x. The architecture is a result of research carried out by Nokia between 1999 and 2002. The designed architecture has also been verified in a complete system implementation.
Characteristics of linear compressors under current source excitation (2007)

The current paper analyses the steady-state and dynamic performance characteristics of a direct-drive linear vapour compressor, and it is shown that it operates most efficiently and stably at resonance under current source excitation. Further, the piston amplitude and top clearance vary almost linearly with the amplitude of the excitation current. These features facilitate efficient operation and control of the linear compressor without the need for a discrete piston position sensor, and provide a simple means of regulating the cooling capacity according to the refrigerator demand. The findings are validated by measurements on a prototype linear compressor.
Solder Connections with a Ni Barrier (1986)

Copper-tin intermetallic compounds readily form when tin-bearing solder connections are made to copper surfaces. These compounds continue to grow during the life of solder connections and represent potentially weak interfaces. An investigation was undertaken to determine if a diffusion barrier between the solder and copper would inhibit Cu-Sn intermetallic compound formation and thereby extend joint life. Hybrid integrated circuit solder connections formed between external clip-on terminals and Ti-Pd-Cu-Ni-Au (TPCNA) thin-film terminations were investigated. The terminals had 60wt%Sn-40wt%Pb solder clad on the circuit-gripping surfaces of phosphor-bronze clips. The diffusion barrier consisted of an electroplated Ni layer on the phosphorbronze underneath the solder. The mechanical strength of solder connections formed using terminals with and without a Ni barrier were compared by measuring joint strength both initially and after temperature cycling and accelerated temperature aging. Joint metallographic cross sections and fracture interfaces after pull testing were analyzed to determine how effectively the Ni layer isolated Sn in the solder from Cu in the phosphor-bronze. SEM analysis confirmed that 1-um-thick Ni provides an effective diffusion barrier. Consequently, strength of 60n40Pb solder connections formed between phosphor-bronze clip-on terminals and TPCNA thin-film terminations were markedly increased, particularly at elevated temperatures up to 150°C.
Beta-Microseminoprotein (β-MSP) is not an Inhibin1 (1987)

Beta-microseminoprotein (β-MSP), a sperm-coating antigen isolated from human seminal plasma, has apparent structural identity with “β-inhibin” isolated from the same source. Publication of the amino acid sequence of β-MSP revealed a greater than 96% homology with “β-inhibin,” with only a proline-threonine substitution at positions 39 and 40, and the omission of a glycine at position 93. Due to the nearly identical sequences of “β-inhibin” and β-MSP, we examined the ability of β-MSP and its tryptic peptides to inhibit basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from rat pituitary cells in culture, the inhibin bioassay. Whole pituitaries collected from 250- to 300-g male rats were dispersed enzymatically and plated onto 24-well culture dishes for 3 days. β-MSP and its tryptic peptides were dissolved in cell culture medium, applied to the pituitary monolayer cell cultures, and incubated for an additional 3 days. FSH levels in the medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. A partially purified preparation of inhibin and our in-house inhibin standard, both prepared from porcine follicular fluid (pFFl), were included in the same assay. Whereas the partially purified inhibin from pFFl showed a dose-dependent inhibition of FSH secretion, with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 50 ng, which paralleled that of the standard, β-MSP and its tryptic peptides failed to depress FSH levels in the medium at any of the doses tested (10–10,000 ng/ml). We conclude that β-MSP is not an inhibin under our assay conditions.
Soluble factor(s) released by Concanavalin A activated lymph node lymphocytes induce proliferation and maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B lymphocytes. (1984)

An active supernatant (Ly Con A) was prepared by stimulating the normal human lymph node lymphocytes with Concanavalin A (Con A). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 3 healthy subjects and from 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the presence of Con A and Ly Con A. The latter induced a significant DNA synthesis both in normal and CLL lymphocytes. A proliferative response was still present in CLL after T lymphocytes depletion. The Con A and Ly Con A treatment also induced morphological changes in CLL lymphocytes consistent with plasma cell differentiation. In 3 cases the appearance of cytoplasmic light chains was detected by immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that peripheral blood B lymphocytes from CLL patients can be stimulated to maturation when helper factor(s) released by mitogen activated lymph node lymphocytes are provided.
Membrane Targeting of Rab GTPases Is Influenced by the Prenylation Motif (2003)

Rab GTPases are regulators of membrane traffic. Rabs specifically associate with target membranes via the attachment of (usually) two geranylgeranyl groups in a reaction involving Rab escort protein and Rab geranylgeranyl transferase. In contrast, related GTPases are singly prenylated by CAAX prenyl transferases. We report that di-geranylgeranyl modification is important for targeting of Rab5a and Rab27a to endosomes and melanosomes, respectively. Transient expression of EGFP-Rab5 mutants containing two prenylatable cysteines (CGC, CC, CCQNI, and CCA) in HeLa cells did not affect endosomal targeting or function, whereas mono-cysteine mutants (CSLG, CVLL, or CVIM) were mistargeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and were nonfunctional. Similarly, Rab27aCVLL mutant is also mistargeted to the ER and transgenic expression on a Rab27a null background (Rab27aash) did not rescue the coat color phenotype, suggesting that Rab27aCVLL is not functional in vivo. CAAX prenyl transferase inhibition and temperature-shift experiments further suggest that Rabs, singly or doubly modified are recruited to membranes via a Rab escort protein/Rab geranylgeranyl transferase-dependent mechanism that is distinct from the insertion of CAAX-containing GTPases. Finally, we show that both singly and doubly modified Rabs are extracted from membranes by RabGDIalpha and propose that the mistargeting of Rabs to the ER results from loss of targeting information.
Utility Data Web Page Design–An Introduction (2003)

ABSTRACT In order to make a conscious effort to conserve energy at large-scale facilities it is necessary to track utility use on a daily basis. An added benefit of utility tracking is that discovering and troubleshooting equipment malfunctions becomes much easier. Utility data have unique and complex characteristics. Collecting, analyzing, and publishing utility data to a large number of people puts more eyes on the task of managing utilities. Different people use the data in different ways. Internet technologies allow us to publish utility data, in a meaningful way, to all of those people simultaneously.
Fast track for quantitative isolation of lignosulfonates from spent sulfite liquors (2015)

In this study, a novel approach for isolation and purification of lignosulfonates from spent sulfite liquor was established.
On-chip picosecond delay measurement of RSFQ digital logic gates (1995)

Because RSFQ circuits are intended to operate at multi-GHz frequencies, a logical requirement for developing the technology is a method of accurately measuring the picosecond delays associated with individual logic circuits. A technique has been developed for on-chip measurements of such RSFQ gate delays. The central element in this scheme is a race between a path of calibrated variable delay and a path of unknown delay. Modification of the canonical RSFQ RS flip-flop circuit yields a multiple state destructive readout cell (MDRO), in which one can configure the number of flux quanta to be stored. This circuit has been experimentally verified for groups of two flux quanta. Used in concert with the confluence buffer, this scheme can provide the RSFQ designer with sub-picosecond pulse arrival delay information crucial for higher order circuit simulation. A detailed experimental process is presented from which this timing information can be extracted using basic low-speed measurement techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro study on tamsulosin release kinetics from biodegradable PLGA in situ implants. (2009)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug loading and the effect of excipients on the release pattern of tamsulosin tydrochloride from in situ PLGA implants formed in vitro in gelatin gel. This system is prepared by dissolving a biodegradable polymer (DL-PLGA 70K) in biocompatible solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Then either the drug or drug with excipients was added to it. The drug solution was poured into the hollow of gelatin gel, the solvent dissipated into the surrounding gelatin base through diffusion leading phase separation and subsequent coagulation of the polymer. The drug formed a rod like implant in situ. Two types of implants were prepared such as implants containing tamsulosin hydrochloride and implants containing tamsulosin hydrochloride with biocompatible excipients such as Tween 20, Tween 60, Span 20, Span 80, Chremophore EL, or Chremophore RH 40. In vitro dissolution studies were performed in static condition using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to observe the release of drugs from these implants for 10 days. Formulation containing only tamsulosin hydrochloride showed that drug loading was 83.54%, 90.23%, 86.72%, 89.17% and 94.08% against the actual drug content of 9.09%, 13.04%, 16.67%, 20% and 23.08% respectively. The release rate of drug was 64.51%, 70.64%, 74.08%, 76.12% and 80.05% accordingly. It can be concluded that the release rate of drug increases with increasing drug concentrations. The other formulation containing tamsulosin with excipients showed that the release rate was 74.70%, 75.14%, 60.03%, 63.83%, 70.82% and 76.43% against same conc. of drug (8.7% of drug) but different excipients such as tween 20, tween 60, span 20, span 80, chremophore EL and chremophore RH 40 respectively. The loading efficiency was 79.33%, 87.34%, 91.91%, 94.19%, 88.48% and 95.34% respectively. It can be concluded that excipient lowers the release rate of the drug and may prolong the activity and overall release kinetics.
Author name disambiguation in MEDLINE (2009)

BACKGROUND: We recently described "Author-ity," a model for estimating the probability that two articles in MEDLINE, sharing the same author name, were written by the same individual. Features include shared title words, journal name, coauthors, medical subject headings, language, affiliations, and author name features (middle initial, suffix, and prevalence in MEDLINE). Here we test the hypothesis that the Author-ity model will suffice to disambiguate author names for the vast majority of articles in MEDLINE. METHODS: Enhancements include: (a) incorporating first names and their variants, email addresses, and correlations between specific last names and affiliation words; (b) new methods of generating large unbiased training sets; (c) new methods for estimating the prior probability; (d) a weighted least squares algorithm for correcting transitivity violations; and (e) a maximum likelihood based agglomerative algorithm for computing clusters of articles that represent inferred author-individuals. RESULTS: Pairwise comparisons were computed for all author names on all 15.3 million articles in MEDLINE (2006 baseline), that share last name and first initial, to create Author-ity 2006, a database that has each name on each article assigned to one of 6.7 million inferred author-individual clusters. Recall is estimated at ~98.8%. Lumping (putting two different individuals into the same cluster) affects ~0.5% of clusters, whereas splitting (assigning articles written by the same individual to >1 cluster) affects ~2% of articles. IMPACT: The Author-ity model can be applied generally to other bibliographic databases. Author name disambiguation allows information retrieval and data integration to become person-centered, not just document-centered, setting the stage for new data mining and social network tools that will facilitate the analysis of scholarly publishing and collaboration behavior. AVAILABILITY: The Author-ity 2006 database is available for nonprofit academic research, and can be freely queried via http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu.
Zinc Fingers‐‐Folds for Many Occasions (2002)

Zinc finger domains (ZnFs) are common, relatively small protein motifs that fold around one or more zinc ions. In addition to their role as a DNA-binding module, ZnFs have recently been shown to mediate protein:protein and protein:lipid interactions. This small zinc-ligating domain, often found in clusters containing fingers with different binding specificities, can facilitate multiple, often independent intermolecular interactions between nucleic acids and proteins. Classical ZnFs, typified by TFIIIA, ligate zinc via pairs of cysteine and histidine residues but there are at least 14 different classes of Zn fingers, which differ in the nature and arrangement of their zinc-binding residues. Some GATA-type ZnFs can bind to both DNA and a variety of other proteins. Thus proteins with multiple GATA-type fingers can play a complex role in regulating transcription through the interplay of these different binding selectivities and affinities. Other ZnFs have more specific functions, such as DNA-binding ZnFs in the nuclear hormone receptor proteins and small-molecule-binding ZnFs in protein kinase C. Some classes of ZnFs appear to act exclusively in protein-only interactions. These include the RING family of ZnFs that are involved in ubiquitination processes and in the assembly of large protein complexes, LIM, TAZ, and PHD domains. We review the similarities and differences in structure and functions of different ZnF classes and highlight the versatility of this fold.
An ultrasonically powered micropump for on-demand in-situ drug delivery (2016)

In this paper, we introduce an ultrasonically powered micropump that enables in-situ drug delivery via an electrolytic mechanism. The pump has overall dimensions of 2.2×0.7×0.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> including a 13 μL drug reservoir and is powered/controlled wirelessly through an external ultrasonic transducer 11 cm away. Upon activation, the micropump dispenses drug at a flow rate of 0.23 μL/s and can sustain backpressures of up to 30 Torr. The pump and associated circuitry is fabricated with laser-assisted rapid prototyping techniques, allowing for low-cost production.
Disruption of exonic splicing enhancer elements is the principal cause of exon skipping associated with seven nonsense or missense alleles of NF1 (2004)

Nonsense, missense, and even silent mutation-associated exon skipping is recognized in an increasing number of genes as a novel form of splicing mutation. The analysis of individual mutations of this kind can shed light on basic pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms. Using cDNA-based mutation detection analysis, we have identified one missense and six nonsense mutations that lead to different extents of exon-lacking transcripts in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. We confirmed mutation-associated exon skipping in a heterologous hybrid minigene context. There is evidence that the disruption of functional exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequences is frequently the mechanism underlying mutation-associated exon skipping. Therefore, we examined the wild-type and mutant NF1 sequences with two available ESE-prediction programs. Either or both programs predicted the disruption of ESE motifs in six out of the seven analyzed mutations. To ascertain the function of the predicted ESEs, we quantitatively measured their ability to rescue splicing of an enhancer-dependent exon, and found that all seven mutant ESEs had reduced splicing enhancement activity compared to the wild-type sequences. Our results suggest that the wild-type sequences function as ESE elements, whose disruption is responsible for the mutation-associated exon skipping observed in the NF1 patients. Further, this study illustrates the utility of ESE-prediction programs for delineating candidate sequences that may serve as ESE elements. However, until more refined prediction algorithms have been developed, experimental data, preferably from patient tissues, remain indispensable to assess the clinical significance, particularly of missense and silent mutations, and to understand the structure-function relationship in the corresponding protein.