gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static specification inference using predicate mining (2007)

The reliability and correctness of complex software systems can be significantly enhanced through well-defined specifications that dictate the use of various units of abstraction (e.g., modules, or procedures). Often times, however, specifications are either missing, imprecise, or simply too complex to encode within a signature, necessitating specification inference. The process of inferring specifications from complex software systems forms the focus of this paper. We describe a static inference mechanism for identifying the preconditions that must hold whenever a procedure is called. These preconditions may reflect both data flow properties (e.g., whenever p is called, variable x must be non-null) as well as control-flow properties (e.g., every call to p must bepreceded by a call to q ). We derive these preconditions using a ninter-procedural path-sensitive dataflow analysis that gathers predicates at each program point. We apply mining techniques to these predicates to make specification inference robust to errors. This technique also allows us to derive higher-level specifications that abstract structural similarities among predicates (e.g., procedure p is called immediately after a conditional test that checks whether some variable v is non-null.) We describe an implementation of these techniques, and validate the effectiveness of the approach on a number of large open-source benchmarks. Experimental results confirm that our mining algorithms are efficient, and that the specifications derived are both precise and useful-the implementation discovers several critical, yet previously, undocumented preconditions for well-tested libraries.
The endocrinology of sexual arousal (2005)

The relevance of testosterone, oestradiol and certain peptides (oxytocin (OT), beta-endorphin and prolactin (PRL)) to sexual arousal in humans is reviewed. In addition to behavioural studies, evidence of distribution of gonadal steroid receptors in the brain and the limited evidence from brain imaging are also considered. Testosterone plays a key role in the adult male, with clear, consistent evidence from studies of hypogonadal and eugonadal men. The roles of testosterone in the development of sexual arousability, and in the aging male, are less clear. The relevance of aromatization and of non-sexual effects of testosterone which might indirectly influence sexual arousal are not well understood. Testosterone in the female presents a more complex, less consistent picture. One possible explanation is a much greater variability across women in responsiveness to testosterone. A 'desensitization hypothesis' to account for the striking gender differences is offered. There is limited evidence of a direct effect of oestradiol on sexual arousability in women. The extent to which testosterone in women acts by conversion to oestradiol or by increase of free oestradiol is not yet clear. The role of peptides in sexual arousal remains uncertain, partly because of the multiple roles and sites of action of most peptides. OT and beta-endorphin appear to have both excitatory and inhibitory effects. PRL has been proposed as an inhibitory factor via direct inhibition of dopaminergic activity, but the evidence for this is inconclusive. Whereas the traditional concept of 'hormone' continues to apply to the role of testosterone and oestradiol in sexual arousal, peptides present a more complex role.
Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) (2001)

The second in the series of HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORIES was launched by an Atlas-Centaur rocket on 13 November 1978. Soon after its insertion into a 470 km circular orbit inclined at 23.5° to the equator, HEAO-2 was named the Einstein Observatory, in celebration of the centenary of Albert Einstein's birth.
Resolution test for apertureless near-field optical microscopy (2002)

A test configuration for apertureless near-field optical microscopy permits characterization of near-field signals free from significant topography effects. Using a second tip as the scanned object, a high-contrast dipole–dipole signal is observed when the two tips are closely spaced, by 10 nm or less. A spatial resolution on the order of 5 nm is demonstrated. The measured signal is also material dependent: an inverted contrast is recorded when one of two high-dielectric (silicon) tips is replaced by a metallic (nickel) tip. Measurement results are accounted for by theory, which also confirms the nature of the detected signal: it results from interference between a near-field dipole–dipole field scattered by the end of the tips, and a reference field scattered by the main body of the tips. Different illumination sources are investigated. In all cases, the component of the electric field parallel to the tip axes provides the major source of signal and contrast.
The Use of Satire in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (2011)

Satire is successful when the writer can make an audience believe the idea presented is not only logical, but practical; the most effective satirists can even convince the reader to consider the idea as a reasonable solution to a problem. Often, satire is used to bring to light certain social or moral issues or absurdities, and even more ridiculous resolutions to said problems. While certain satires are appealing in their obvious disgust of humanity, other works are not so blatant in their mockery, presenting more realistic situations. One of the most famous satirists of the 20th century, Aldous Huxley employed such tactics in Brave New World and Ape and Essence, not to mention other famous novels and essays. In Brave New World, Huxley shows how appalling it would be to remain ignorant in happiness, and lack the potential to develop as a frail, error-prone being. The greatest satirical aspect of this book is that the human race, while trying to better itself and gain knowledge, ends up becoming its own adversary and enemy. Because of this successfully ironic portrayal of human nature, Huxley remains one of the most successful 20th century satirists.
Some personal thoughts on question period (2010)

Glen Pearson is the Member of Parliament for London North Centre. He was a speaker at a panel on Question Period organized by the Canadian Study of Parliament Group on September 21, 2010. This is a revised and abridged version of his remarks to the Group. I am a fairly new Member of Parliament so I will give my own personal and frank reflections on what I feel about Question Period and particularly on the reform proposal advanced by Michael Chong.
Internet Gateway Design for Defense Data Network Access (1986)

The research work performed on Internet Gateways in the Computer Engineering Research Laboratory at the University of Arizona is described in this paper. The research is sponsored by the U.S. Army Information Systems Command. The design of two Gateways for access to the Defense Data Network is presented. The IP Gateway has been demonstrated and links two Sytek LocalNet 20 Broadband networks via the DDN. The TCP/IP Gateway is currently being built so that it can be used to access the DDN from generic networks. The functions of these Gateways are presented and their implementations are discussed.
Bone marrow recurrence after initial intensive treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2004)

Despite acceptable long-term second EFS rates for certain subgroups, overall bone marrow recurrence after intensified first-line therapy for childhood ALL signals a poor outcome.
P2F-9 A Novel Model for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Video and Its Applications (2006)

In this paper, we describe a novel model (a generalized Gamma pulse) and several model-based analysis and visualization techniques for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) image sequences. These techniques include vector images and quantitative measurement, vector image segmentation, interactive image sequence exploration, and noise and speckle reduction. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model fits CEUS video clips well and the proposed analysis and visualization techniques can potentially make it easier to visualize, explore, and detect diagnostically relevant patterns/structures
The Preparation of Radioactive D-Galactose from Radioactive D-Glucose<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Radioactive D-Galactose from Radioactive D-Glucose1Bernice D. Kohn and Paul KohnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1037–1041Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 12c (2013)

RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 12c is an example-driven approach to the Oracle database administrator's #1 job responsibility:Â Be able to recover the database. Of all the things you are responsible for as database administrator, nothing is more important than the data itself. Like it or not, the fearsome responsibility of protecting your organization's most critical data falls squarely upon your shoulders: Lose that data and your company could fail. Lose that data and you could be out of a job. Oracle's flagship database product fortunately implements a wide-ranging feature set to aid you in the all-important task of safeguarding against data loss. Recovery Manager, or RMAN, is at the heart of that feature set, and is the tool most-often used to initiate database backup and recovery operations. In this book, well-known authors and database experts Darl Kuhn, Sam Alapati, and Arup Nanda have created a set of examples encompassing the gamut of backup and recovery tasks that you might need to perform. Sometimes, especially when the heat is on, a good example is what you need to get started towards a solution. RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 12c delivers. Itâll be the book you reach for when that dreaded call comes in at 3:00am some dreary morning. Itâll be the book that lets you sleep at night knowing that no matter what transpires, that you've done your job well and can recover from any outage. RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 12c gets right to the point with quick and easy-to-read, step-by-step solutions that can help you backup and recover your data with confidence.
Ultrastructural alterations in heated canine myocardium (1995)

The scattering coefficient microseconds of 161 +/- 33 cm-1 did not change significantly.
Subjective Blur Limits for Higher Order Aberrations (2010)

Blur limits increased more quickly for the higher order aberrations than for defocus as the criterion changed from just noticeable to just troublesome and then to just objectionable.
Optical Section Retinal Imaging and Wavefront Sensing in Diabetes (2004)

The results demonstrate disease-related increases in higher-order ocular aberrations that influence retinal image resolution in diabetic eyes. This information is useful for designing high-resolution retinal imaging systems applicable for eyes with retinal disease.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1998)

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a laser-based absorption spectroscopy technique that is starting to find extensive application as a consequence of the very high sensitivity of the method compared with more traditional absorption spectroscopy techniques. We describe the experimental implementation of CRDS and its application to a number of areas of research including laser diagnostics of hostile environments, reaction kinetics and spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on our ongoing studies of the fast (sub-nanosecond) predissociation of electronically excited states of small molecules and radicals.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Risk Factors (2003)

Atherosclerosis (AT) is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous materials, and mineral in the arteries. Although many generalized or systemic risk factors predispose to its development, AT affect various regions of the circulation preferentially and yields distinct clinical manifestations depending on the particular circulatory bed affected. The progression of AT is currently believed to involve the interaction of endothelium, monocytes, and leukocytes, as well as the influences of cytokines, oxidized lipoproteins, hypertension, tobacco use, dyslipidemia, homocystinemia, and genetic determinants.
Neuropathic Pain Memory Is Maintained by Rac1-Regulated Dendritic Spine Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury (2008)

Localized increases in synaptic strength constitute a synaptic basis for learning and memory in the CNS and may also contribute to the maintenance of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) through the de novo formation or elaboration of postsynaptic dendritic structures. To determine whether SCI-induced dendritic spine remodeling contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain, we analyzed spine morphometry, localization, and functional influence in dorsal horn (DH) neurons in adult rats 1 month after sham surgery, contusion SCI, and SCI treated with a selective inhibitor of Rac1 activation, NSC23766. After SCI, DH neurons located in lamina IV-V exhibited increased spine density, redistributed spines, and mature spines compared with control neurons, which was associated with enhancement of EPSCs in computer simulations and hyperexcitable responsiveness to innocuous and noxious peripheral stimuli in unit recordings in vivo. SCI animals also exhibited symptoms of tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Inhibition of the small GTP-binding protein Rac1 ameliorated post-SCI changes in spine morphology, attenuated injury-induced hyperexcitability of wide-dynamic range neurons, and progressively increased pain thresholds over a 3 d period. This suggests that Rac1 is an important intracellular signaling molecule involved in a spinal dendritic spine pathology associated with chronic neuropathic pain after SCI. Our report provides robust evidence for a novel conceptual bridge between learning and memory on the one hand, and neuropathic pain on the other.
The pathogenesis of Hemorrhoids (1984)

The structure of the anal canal was examined in histology slides. Hemorrhoids are normal features of the human anatomy. They are pads that bulge into the lumen. Hemorrhoids have three parts: 1) the lining, which can be mucosa or anoderm; 2) the stroma with blood vessels, smooth muscle, and supporting connective tissue; and 3) the anchoring connective tissue system, which secures the hemorrhoids to the internal sphincter and the conjoined longitudinal coat. The anchoring and supporting connective tissue system deteriorates with aging. The hemorrhoids not only bulge, but descend into the lumen. This becomes observable in the third decade of life, with individual differences. The veins become distended as they lose their support. The descended loose lining becomes more sensitive to pressure from straining and to trauma from the stool. There can be a stasis in the veins, with clot formations and swelling, or erosions of the lining, with bleeding. The hemorrhoids become symptomatic.
Distributed or Centralized Mobility? (2009)

Expecting a significant increase in number of mobile terminals to be managed together with a mobile data traffic boom in future heterogeneous networks, current centralized mobility management schemes may encounter scalability issues due to the creation of network bottlenecks and single point of failures. Recently, alternative approaches have been proposed to better distribute mobility management entities not only in the control plane but also in the data one like the "Dynamic Mobility Anchoring" scheme we designed. In this article we compare centralized and distributed approaches and describe our simulation environment using TCP in both schemes. The obtained results validate the adequacy and design of "Dynamic Mobility Anchoring". They confirm that we may expect interesting benefits in terms of handover latency and global scalability when moving towards such a distributed mobility management in future networks.
The <i>csgD</i> mRNA as a hub for signal integration via multiple small RNAs (2012)

The transcription factor CsgD governing the production of curli fimbriae and cellulose is a key player in the complex regulatory circuit that decides whether Escherichia coli form biofilms. The csgD gene itself is tightly controlled at the level of transcription by a large array of DNA-binding proteins, but what happens after transcription is less understood. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Jørgensen et al. (2012), Mika et al. (2012) and Thomason et al. (2012) report on small RNAs (McaS, RprA and GcvB) that together with the RNA-chaperone Hfq regulate the mRNAs of csgD and other biofilm genes, and illustrate the burgeoning concept that the 5' region of bacterial mRNA serves as a hub for sRNA-mediated signal integration at the post-transcriptional level.
Genetic Liability in Stroke (2002)

The observed increased risk of stroke death and stroke hospitalization in monozygotic compared with dizygotic co-twins suggests that genetic factors increase the risk of stroke and that the size of this effect is moderate.
Effect of Squealer Tip on Rotor Heat Transfer and Efficiency (1997)

Calculations were performed to simulate the tip flow and heat transfer on the GE-E3 first stage turbine, which represents a modern gas turbine blade geometry. Cases considered were a smooth tip, 2% recess, and 3% recess. In addition a two-dimensional cavity problem was calculated. Good agreement with experimental results was obtained for the cavity calculations, demonstrating that the k-ω turbulence model used is capable of representing flows of the present type. In the rotor calculations, two dominant flow structures were shown to exist within the recess. Also areas of large heat transfer rate were identified on the blade tip and the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement were discussed. No significant difference in adiabatic efficiency was observed for the three tip treatments investigated.
Cryoelectron microscopy of Escherichia coli F1 adenosinetriphosphatase decorated with monoclonal antibodies to individual subunits of the complex (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes on each of the five subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) of the Escherichia coli F1 ATPase (ECF1) have been prepared and used to localize the subunits in the enzyme complex. Fab' fragments, prepared by pepsin digestion of the antibodies, were bound to ECF1 and visualized by cryoelectron microscopy of the unstained, frozen hydrated ECF1-Fab' complexes. Besides aiding in the identification of the ECF1 subunits, addition of Fab's to the specimen fortuitously offers additional advantages in this technique. ECF1 labeled with anti-alpha Fab' is uniformly oriented in the amorphous ice layer, in contrast to unlabeled ECF1, which exhibits a multitude of projection views when examined in ice. Almost all complexes display a triangular projection, which image averaging reveals to be a hexagonal view of ECF1 with Fab' fragments labeling every other peripheral subunit, confirming the alternating arrangement of alpha and beta subunits in the enzyme. A density in the interior of the structure is positioned asymmetrically, adjacent to an unlabeled peripheral mass, indicating that its primary linkage is to a beta rather than an alpha subunit. The composition of the asymmetric density was explored by examining the trypsin-treated ECF1, taking advantage of the unique orientation induced by the binding of anti-alpha Fab'. Trypsin treatment releases the delta and epsilon subunits and cleaves the gamma subunit; the internal density is reduced but not eliminated, showing the contribution of the gamma subunit to the residual structure, and suggesting that the loss of the delta and epsilon subunits, or a structural rearrangement of the gamma subunit, is responsible for its smaller size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Photoautotrophic cultivation of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 in photobioreactor]. (2000)

The Photoautotrophic cultivation of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 in a 15 L-airlift photobioreactor was carried out. The changes of light intensity with cell density and optical length in the cultivation system were investigated. Based on experimental results, the light attenuation could be described by I = I0exp [-(-0.0239 + 0.0777 OD750).L]. The effects of the variations of light intensity, CO2 concentration in gas inlet and culture temperature on the growth of cells during the cultivation process have also been studied. The optimized condition was determined and a high dry cell density of 3.4 g/L was obtained. The volumetric productivity reached 0.57 g/(L.d) under the optimized condition.
Monocular Camera Localization in Prior LiDAR Maps with 2D-3D Line Correspondences (2020)

Light-weight camera localization in existing maps is essential for vision-based navigation. Currently, visual and visual-inertial odometry (VO\&VIO) techniques are well-developed for state estimation but with inevitable accumulated drifts and pose jumps upon loop closure. To overcome these problems, we propose an efficient monocular camera localization method in prior LiDAR maps using direct 2D-3D line correspondences. To handle the appearance differences and modality gaps between LiDAR point clouds and images, geometric 3D lines are extracted offline from LiDAR maps while robust 2D lines are extracted online from video sequences. With the pose prediction from VIO, we can efficiently obtain coarse 2D-3D line correspondences. Then the camera poses and 2D-3D correspondences are iteratively optimized by minimizing the projection error of correspondences and rejecting outliers. Experimental results on the EurocMav dataset and our collected dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently estimate camera poses without accumulated drifts or pose jumps in structured environments.
Wearable In-Ear Encephalography Sensor for Monitoring Sleep. Preliminary Observations from Nap Studies (2016)

Substantial agreement was observed between recordings derived from a new ear-EEG sensor and conventional scalp electrodes on four healthy volunteers during daytime naps.
Repetition in Media Models: A Laboratory Technique (1971)

Recent advertising media models demand estimates of effects of repetitive exposures on consumers in particular advertising situations. A laboratory technique for providing such estimates is suggested, and a study using this technique indicates the need for significantly different repetition functions for different kinds of products, brand positions, advertising formats, and advertising goals. Further development of the technique is also indicated.