gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling of proadipocyte growth arrest and differentiation. I. Induction by heparinized medium containing human plasma. (1982)

The differentiation of proadipocytes in vitro typically required prolonged culture of cells as a high density in high concentrations of serum and added hormones. With such culture conditions it is difficult to design experiments to determine the mechanisms that control the differentiation process. We now describe the rapid and parasynchronous growth arrest and differentiation of low density murine proadipocytes in heparinized medium containing only human plasma. When low density cells are cultured under these conditions, growth arrest at a distinct state in the G1 phase of the cell cycle occurs within 2 d and the differentiation of 80-100% of the cell population occurs within 4 d thereafter. The factors in human plasma which promote growth arrest and differentiation are heat labile and can be separated by barium adsorption. In the following paper we have used these methods to show that there are five separate phases which regulate the coupling of proadipocyte growth arrest and differentiation. The data reported in this paper establish that: (a) high cell density and extensive cell-to-cell contact are not required for adipocyte differentiation, (b) prolonged culture is not required for adipocyte differentiation, and (c) high concentrations of serum and/or added hormones are not required for adipocyte differentiation.
Convolutional neural tensor network architecture for community-based question answering (2015)

Retrieving similar questions is very important in community-based question answering. A major challenge is the lexical gap in sentence matching. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural tensor network architecture to encode the sentences in semantic space and model their interactions with a tensor layer. Our model integrates sentence modeling and semantic matching into a single model, which can not only capture the useful information with convolutional and pooling layers, but also learn the matching metrics between the question and its answer. Besides, our model is a general architecture, with no need for the other knowledge such as lexical or syntactic analysis. The experimental results shows that our method outperforms the other methods on two matching tasks.
Dosage de l'octyl dimethyl PABA, de l'homosalate et de l'octyl salicylate dans les produits de protection solaire (2001)

The method describes the quantitative determination of octyl dimethyl PABA (2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino)benzoate) (CAS RN 21245-02-3), homosalate (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate) (CAS RN 118-56-9) and octyl salicylate (2-ethylhexyl salicylate) (CAS RN 118-60-5) in cosmetic sunscreen products. The sample is suspended in methanol and after appropriate treatment the determination is made by HPLC/UV. Accuracy, yield and viability of the method were resolved.
Accurate detection of black holes in MANETs using collaborative bayesian watchdogs (2012)

Watchdogs are a well-known mechanism to detect threats and attacks from misbehaved and selfish nodes in computer networks. This paper proposes a collaborative approach for detecting black holes and selfish nodes in MANETs, using a set of bayesian watchdogs which collaborate to enhance their individual and collective performance. To evaluate the performance of this approach, we first introduce an analytical model. The results of this model reveal that the detection time of misbehaved nodes is reduced, and the impact of false positives and false negatives is minimised (that is, the overall accuracy is increased). These results are confirmed in the simulation results that follow. The collaborative bayesian watchdog performs better in terms of accuracy and speed detection than the standard bayesian watchdog.
<i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicity and <i>In Vivo</i> Effects of a Decellularized Xenogeneic Collagen Scaffold in Nasal Cartilage Repair (2013)

Tissue engineering is considered a promising future option for nasal cartilage repair. However, until now, an optimal material has not been identified for this specific purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze a recently developed decellularized collagen matrix, which has promising material properties for septal cartilage repair. A tetrazolium dye based cytotoxicity assay using rat nasal septum chondrocytes was performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of decellularized cartilage matrices. Unseeded scaffolds as well as scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes were implanted in nasal septum defects in Lewis rats to investigate the cellular and humoral inflammatory responses in the surrounding tissue as well as the effect on the formation of nasal septum perforations. Samples were analyzed histochemically and immunohistochemically after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Although cells for the cytotoxicity assay were cultured under serum-free conditions for 24 h to increase sensitivity, no cytotoxic effects were detected. Histological and immunohistochemical evidence displayed that the implanted scaffolds induced minor macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration and were well integrated at the contact site to native cartilage and between the mucosal membranes. The biocompatibility index revealed only slightly irritating effects during the study period. Septal perforations were prevented efficiently. In summary, our results provide evidence that decellularized xenogeneic collagen scaffolds are suitable for cartilage tissue engineering. The scaffolds were integrated well into septal cartilage defects without causing a strong inflammatory reaction and prevented the development of nasal septum perforations. Therefore, we envision the possibility to use them in nasal cartilage repair in the future.
Growth Kinetics and Polytype Stability in Halide Chemical Vapor Deposition of SiC (2006)

Growth rates and relative stability of 6H- and 4H-SiC have been studied as a function of growth conditions during Halide Chemical Vapor Deposition (HCVD) process using silicon tetrachloride, propane and hydrogen as reactants. The growth temperature ranged from 2000 to 2150 oC. Silicon carbide crystals were deposited at growth rates in the 100-300 μm/hr range in both silicon- and carbon-supply limited regimes by adjusting flows of all three reactants. High resolution x-ray diffraction measurements show that the growth on Si-face of 6H- and C-face of 4H-SiC substrates resulted in single crystal 6H- and 4H-SiC polytype, respectively. The growth rate results have been interpreted using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations.
Complete Modeling of Nonlinear Distortion in OFDM-Based Optical Wireless Communication (2013)

This paper presents a complete analytical framework for modeling memoryless nonlinear effects in an intensity modulation and direct detection optical wireless communication system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The theory employs the Bussgang theorem, which is widely accepted as a means to characterize the impact of nonlinear distortions on normally distributed signals. This paper proposes a new method to generalize this approach, and it describes how a closed-form analytical expression for the system bit error rate can be obtained for an arbitrary memoryless distortion. Major distortion effects at the transmitter stage such as quantization and nonlinearity from the light emitting diode are analyzed. Four known orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-based modulation schemes for optical communication are considered in this paper: direct-current-biased optical OFDM, asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM, pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete multitone modulation, and unipolar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
Synthesis of Di- to Hexasaccharide 1,2-Linked β-Mannopyranan Oligomers, a Terminal S-Linked Tetrasaccharide Congener and the Corresponding BSA Glycoconjugates (2001)

Homo oligomers of (1-->2)-beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues have been synthesized in order to study the unique immunological properties of the cell wall mannan of C. albicans. p-Chlorobenzyl-protected ulosyl bromide (2) in combination with the sterically hindered, participating solvent, pivaloyl nitrile, facilitated a new approach for the synthesis of these unique homooligomers ranging from disaccharide up to hexasaccharide. The glycosyl donor 2 demonstrates high diastereoselectivity over both the glycosylation and subsequent reduction step and minimizes the number of protecting group manipulations necessary for the synthesis. Congeners of the (1-->2)-beta-D-mannotetraose were synthesized containing a terminal S-linked (1-->2)-beta-D-mannopyranosyl residue. Deprotection of these compounds afforded the propyl glycosides as well as oligomers with amino terminated aglyconic tethers. The tethers were generated from the oligosaccharide allyl glycosides by photoaddition with 2-aminoethanethiol. The functionalized haptens were coupled to BSA via squarate conjugation, and the degree of incorporation was established by TOF mass spectrometry.
Proposal for Rejection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Revised Descriptions for the Genus Agrobacterium and for Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (1993)

The 16S rRNA sequences of seven representative Agrobacterium strains, eight representative Rhizobium strains, and the type strains of Azorhizobium caulinodans and Bradyrhizobium japonicum were determined. These strains included the type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium vitis, Agrobacterium rubi, Rhizobium fredii, Rhizobium galegae, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium meliloti, and Rhizobium tropici. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the 15 strains of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species formed a compact phylogenetic cluster clearly separated from the other members of the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria. However, Agrobacterium species and Rhizobium species are phylogenetically entwined with one another, and the two genera cannot be separated. In the Agrobacterium species, the strains of biovar 1, biovar 2, Agrobacterium rubi, and Agrobacterium vitis were clearly separated. The two biovars exhibited homogeneity in their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, and two species should be established for the two biovars. We considered the nomenclature of the two biovars, and revised descriptions of Agrobacterium radiobacter (for the biovar 1 strains) and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (for the biovar 2 strains) are proposed. The name Agrobacterium tumefaciens is rejected because the type strain of this species was assigned to Agrobacterium radiobacter, and consequently the description of the genus Agrobacterium is revised.
Crowdsourcing Creativity: Combining Ideas in Networks (2010)

Views of creativity reflect the times: the lone inventor inspired late in the night has been eclipsed by a view of the creative act as a social one, made by teams of closely knit people. Art schools and design studios are social places: so are engineering institutes and research laboratories. The view, then, has moved from individual to group, and the groups are seen as
Web Filtering and Censoring (2010)

The public perceives the Web as a wildly uncensored medium, the embodiment of complete freedom of expression (for good or bad). In reality, information on the Web is not as uncontrolled as it may appear. According to the OpenNet Initiative (www.opennet.net), more than 40 countries actively filter Web access- selectively blocking content to a billion Internet users worldwide-and many others are considering doing so. These countries use various methods to apply different levels of filtering.
The Stability of Orthorhombic and Monoclinic-Layered LiMnO[sub 2] (1999)

is one of only a few ternary oxides which are known to form in the orthorhombic Pmmnstructure. The layered structure, favored for application as a -insertion electrode, is found in many other alkali transition metal oxides. We find that the the strong antiferromagnetic interactions between ions contribute to the stabilization of the orthorhombic structure. Using first‐principles pseudopotential calculations, we find that doping with , , , , , , , , , and helps stabilize the layered structure over the orthorhombic structure. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
The Concurrency Challenge (2008)

The evolutionary path of microprocessor design includes both multicore and many-core architectures. Harnessing the most computing throughput from these architectures requires concurrent or parallel execution of instructions. The authors describe the challenges facing the industry as parallel-computing platforms become even more widely available.
The scanning electron microscope offers new techniques for the diagramming diagnostic characters on insects (1969)

The remarkable high resolution, and three-dimensional clarity of the new scanning electron microscopes are giving researchers their first accurate view of many minute insect parts—an advance comparable with the change from a magnifying glass to a conventional microscope.
gem-Diphosphonate and gem-phosphonate-phosphate compounds with specific high density lipoprotein inducing activity (1987)

New diphosphonate compounds and related derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their activity in specifically inducing plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in normal rats. The screening of numerous compounds has permitted the determination of the structural variations leading to optimal plasma lipid altering activity, indicating antiatherosclerotic potential. Among the compounds observed to be the most active, dimethyl alpha-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)-p-chlorobenzyl phosphate (20, SR-202, mifobate) was selected for further pharmacological and subsequent clinical development.
The Effects of Scaling and Well and Substrate Contact Placement on Single Event Latchup in Bulk CMOS Technology (2005)

TCAD simulations are performed to examine the effects of scaling, well and substrate contact spacing, and supply voltage ( V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> ) on the vulnerability of devices to single-event latchup in bulk CMOS from 65-nm to 250-nm technologies. The effects of substrate depth are also shown to play a role in the sensitivity.
Luminescent Materials for Phosphor–Converted LEDs (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) White and Colored LEDs Phosphor-Converted LEDs Future Trends
IL-17A–Dependent CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Promote Immune Privilege of Corneal Allografts (2011)

IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine that has received attention for its role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. IL-17A has also been implicated in cardiac and renal allograft rejection. Accordingly, we hypothesized that depletion of IL-17A would enhance corneal allograft survival. Instead, our results demonstrate that blocking IL-17A in a mouse model of keratoplasty accelerated the tempo and increased the incidence of allograft rejection from 50 to 90%. We describe a novel mechanism by which CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) respond to IL-17A and enhance corneal allograft survival. Our findings suggest the following: 1) IL-17A is necessary for ocular immune privilege; 2) IL-17A is not required for the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation; 3) Tregs require IL-17A to mediate a contact-dependent suppression; 4) corneal allograft Tregs suppress the efferent arm of the immune response and are Ag specific; 5) Tregs are not required for corneal allograft survival beyond day 30; and 6) corneal allograft-induced Treg-mediated suppression is transient. Our findings identify IL-17A as a cytokine essential for the maintenance of corneal immune privilege and establish a new paradigm whereby interplay between IL-17A and CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs is necessary for survival of corneal allografts.
Virtual reality support for teleoperation using online grasp planning (2013)

Classic telepresence approaches allow a human to interact with a remote or a virtual reality environment (VR) with force feedback. Coupling with a remote robot can be used to work in dangerous environments without the human being on-site. The coupling with a VR system can be used for training and verification of task sequences or robotic actions.
A network management proxy agent development for the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) IP router-based networks using the Web technology (2002)

The MITRE Corporation in support of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has developed a proxy agent functionality that allows DISA's major customers to have a network management status view of the DISA's IP router-based networks. The network management proxy agent, which operates at the element management level of the router network management hierarchy, has been developed using the World Wide Web (WWW) technology. To provide this functionality, MITRE has developed a network management Web server (NMWS) software that takes information from DISA's network management system (NMS), namely Hewlett Packard's Open View (HPOV) software and publishes it on the Web. This software, which is a collection of Perl scripts that run on a dedicated NMWS host, takes X windows screens from HPOV, converts them to GDF files, and publishes them on a Web server. In addition, the NMWS software provides a non-graphical form-based interface to the HPOV database to provide a near real-time status of circuits that are identified by their IP addresses or customer circuit service descriptor (CCSDs) to DISA's customers. The NMWS software was developed and operates on Solaris 2.5 with an X11R5 distribution. Network users access the NMWS host via their Web browser and are presented with (1) a list of available views, which is the same as the views on the screen of the NMWS host at the time of the last NMWS invocation, and (2) a form, which may be used to provide access circuit status using the text file of the Open View database. They can pull down a view via the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and with most browsers this view will automatically update. This paper discusses the results of our testing and experimentation, and our lessons learned and recommendations for using a Web-based approach for network management of large networks.
Formation of Dichloro Oxiranes from Ketones under Phase Transfer Conditions, (1979)

Abstract Compounds 2, 5 and 9 represent the first examples of isolable dichlorooxiranes formed by formal addition of dichloro carbene to a carbonyl group under phase transfer conditions. On heating, 2, 5 and 9 rearrange into α‐chloroacid chlorides 3, 6 and 10 , respectively.
The First Examples of Stable Benzenes Fused with Two Three-membered Rings: Synthesis and Structures of the Two Stereoisomers of Bis(silacyclopropa)benzenes (2003)

Abstract Two stereoisomers of the first stable bis(silacyclopropa)benzenes (1a, 1b) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of Tbt(Dip)SiLi2 (3) [Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl] with 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene. The molecular structures of 1a and 1b were discussed on the basis of the X-ray structural analyses.
High-Pressure Ground State of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>SmB</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: Electronic Conduction and Long Range Magnetic Order (2005)

High-pressure 149Sm nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation and specific heat measurements have been performed on the intermediate valent Kondo insulator SmB6. The results show that at a critical pressure p(c) approximately = 6 GPa, where the charge gap closes, a first order transition occurs to a magnetically ordered state, which shows typical features of trivalent samarium compounds. The similarity with SmS stresses the role of local correlations and gives important insight into the debate on the local or itinerant character of the f electrons in heavy fermion systems.
Investigating Alternative Medicine Therapies in Randomized Controlled Trials (1998)

4many of which are procedures that are not readily testable under blinded conditions and for which the choice of appropriate control conditions is by no means straightforward. Furthermore, alternative medicine therapies may also possess a theoretical basis, may stem from a cultural tradition that is seemingly antithetical to a quantitative, biomedical framework, 4-7 or may possess little foundational research on which to base a controlled evaluation. In this article, we discuss a number of key methodological issues that arise in the controlled evaluation of one widely used alternative medicine procedure—acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction, and we offer some suggestions for how these issues may be addressed. Basis for Undertaking a Controlled Trial An important principle governing the justification for conducting an RCT 8 is that a condition of genuine clinical uncertainty, or “equipoise,” 9 exists among clinical experts regarding the relative benefits of the trial’s treatments. However, the application of this principle entails a community of colleagues sharing basic assumptions and a common knowledge base, with consensus views founded on empirical investigations. These conditions may not be satisfied with respect to considerations of alternative medicine, which typically involve heterogeneous groups comprising incommensurate cultural and evaluative frameworks and, more often than not, a paucity of systematically derived data. Even within the biomedical community, alternative medicine generates considerable controversy. 10 The application of traditional concepts of “clinical equipoise” to alternative medicine is therefore an unsettled question, much in need of elucidation and a statement of general principles. Lacking this, investigators of an alternative medicine treatment must negotiate the justification to conduct the trial, as well as criteria for informed consent, on a case-by-case basis. Relevant to this discussion is whether the alternative medicine treatment is being compared with a conventional treatment as an alternative, as a supplement, or, where no effective conventional treatment is available, with an inactive control condition, along with whatever preliminary evidence concerning safety and efficacy is available. Auricular acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction demonstrates how a confluence of circumstances, within both Western medicine and alternative medicine, creates a context within which the evaluation of an alternative treatment can generate broad support. Among the circumstances
Transformation-optical design of adaptive beam bends and beam expanders (2008)

We describe the design of adaptive beam bends and beam splitters with arbitrary bend and split angles by use of finite embedded coordinate transformations. The devices do not exhibit reflection at the entrance or exit surfaces. It is shown that moderate and practically achievable values of the relative permittivity and permeability can be obtained for beam bends and splitters with both small and large bend radius. The devices are also discussed in the context of reconfigurable metamaterials, in which the bend and split angles can be dynamically tuned. The performance of adaptive beam bends and splitters is demonstrated in full wave simulations based on a finite-element method. Furthermore, the design of an adaptively adjustable transformation-optical beam expander/compressor is presented. It is observed that a pure transformation-optical design cannot result in a reflectionless beam expander/compressor.