gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Six-month results of hyperopic and astigmatic LASIK in eyes with primary and secondary hyperopia. (1999)

These early data suggest that LASIK for hyperopia from +0.5 to +6 D and astigmatism from 0 to +5 D using the VISX STAR S2 benefits from a nomogram adjusted for preoperative refraction, age, and prior refractive surgery and is safe and effective. Patients with secondary hyperopia achieved more correction than those with primary hyperopia, although the accuracy and predictability of LASIK in both groups has improved with the nomogram adjustments.
Traffic engineering in metro ethernet (2005)

Traffic engineering is a critical issue that has to be addressed in metro Ethernet networks for proper and efficient resource utilization as well as facilitating quality of service. This article aims at understanding the relevant issues and outlines novel algorithms for multipoint-TE in the metro Ethernet. We first propose a grouping scheme that extends the current label space in the provider domain and allows for a large number of VLANs to be provisioned efficiently. Next, the issues of load balancing, multiple spanning trees, and interaction between grouping and bandwidth provisioning are discussed, and solutions are provided. Finally, we address differentiated survivability in next-generation Ethernet and provide a novel scheme based on multiple spanning trees. The schemes proposed in this article are shown to be scalable, bandwidth-efficient, and practical for both the customer and the provider.
Application of power laws to biometrics, forensics and network traffic analysis (2016)

Tampering of biometric samples is becoming an important security concern. Attacks can occur in behavioral modalities (e.g. keyboard stroke) as well. Besides biometric data, other important security concerns are related to network traffic data on the Internet. In this thesis, we investigate the application of Power laws for biometrics, forensics and network traffic analysis. \nPassive detection techniques such as Benford’s law and Zipf’s law have not been investigated for the detection and forensic analysis of malicious and non-malicious tampering of biometric, keystroke and network traffic data. The Benford’s law has been reported in the literature to be very eﬀective in detecting tampering of natural images. \nIn this thesis, our experiments show that the biometric samples do follow the Benford’s law; and that the highest detection and localisation accuracies for the biometric face images and ﬁngerprint images are achieved at 97.41% and 96.40%, respectively. \nThe divergence values of Benford’s law are then used for the classification and source identification of ﬁngerprint images with good accuracies between the range of 76.0357% and 92.4344%. \nAnother research focus in this thesis is on the application and analysis of the Benford’s law and Zipf’s law for keystroke dynamics to differentiate between the behaviour of human beings and non-human beings. The divergence values of the Benford’s law and the P-values of the Zipf’s law based on the latency values of the keystroke data can be used eﬀectively to differentiate between human and non-human behaviours. \nFinally, the Benford’s law and Zipf’s law are analysed for TCP ﬂow size difference for the detection of malicious traffics on the Internet with AUC values between the range of 0.6858 and 1. Furthermore, the P-values of the Zipf’s law have also been found to differentiate between malicious and non-malicious network traffics, which can be potentially exploited for intrusion detection system applications.
The nature and interpretation of geophysical and geochemical anomalies over oil and gas fields (2000)

Geochemical prospecting seeks surface or subsurface evidence of vertical migration of hydrocarbons. One application is to directly determine the presence of oil and gas in the reservoir. The basic principles of geochemical methods were recently reviewed by Colin Barker (TLE, June and July 1999) and by Dietmar “Deet” Schumacher (TLE, March 2000). However, Barker's articles did not discuss the location/interpretation of surface geochemical anomalies that, for the explorationist, is a most interesting and important subject, and Schumacher's article mainly discussed the case of “apical” anomalies over oil and gas fields, that is not always the occurrence.
Stretch magnitude and frequency-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling in alveolar epithelia (2010)

Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) maintain integrity of the blood-gas barrier with gasket-like intercellular tight junctions (TJ) that are anchored internally to the actin cytoskeleton. We hypothesize that stretch rapidly reorganizes actin (<10 min) into a perijunctional actin ring (PJAR) in a manner that is dependent on magnitude and frequency of the stretch, accompanied by spontaneous movement of actin-anchored receptors at the plasma membrane. Primary AEC monolayers were stretched biaxially to create a change in surface area (DeltaSA) of 12%, 25%, or 37% in a cyclic manner at 0.25 Hz for up to 60 min, or held tonic at 25% DeltaSA for up to 60 min, or left unstretched. By 10 min of stretch PJARs were evident in 25% and 37% DeltaSA at 0.25 Hz, but not for 12% DeltaSA at 0.25 Hz, or at tonic 25% DeltaSA, or with no stretch. Treatment with 1 muM jasplakinolide abolished stretch-induced PJAR formation, however. As a rough index of remodeling rate, we measured spontaneous motions of 5-mum microbeads bound to actin focal adhesion complexes on the apical membrane surfaces; within 1 min of exposure to DeltaSA of 25% and 37%, these motions increased substantially, increased with increasing stretch frequency, and were consistent with our mechanistic hypothesis. With a tonic stretch, however, the spontaneous motion of microbeads attenuated back to unstretched levels, whereas PJAR remained unchanged. Stretch did not increase spontaneous microbead motion in human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 monolayers, confirming that this actin remodeling response to stretch was a cell-type specific response. In summary, stretch of primary rat AEC monolayers forms PJARs and rapidly reorganized actin binding sites at the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on stretch magnitude and frequency.
Production of pigments byMonascus purpureus in solid culture (1991)

The effect of physical and nutritional factors on the production of pigments byMonascus purpureus FRR 2190 was studied using cultures grown on both rice and a synthetic medium that was solidified with carrageenan and extruded into rice-like particles. Pigment yield was highly sensitive to physical parameters. Optimal pigment formation in rice cultures occurred at an initial pH of 6 and an initial moisture content of 56%. Lower moisture contents led to a large decrease in pigment concentration. Red and yellow pigment production on solidified gel media was increased up to three-fold compared to that of liquid cultures of the same medium composition, particularly when peptone was used as the sole nitrogen source. Solid state rice cultures gave the highest pigment yields.
Endocrine Responsiveness and Tailoring Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial (2002)

Postmenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer benefited substantially from adjuvant chemotherapy if their cancer was ER-negative (i.e., endocrine-nonresponsive). In contrast, if their cancer was ER-positive (i.e., endocrine-responsive), they obtained no benefit from the combination treatment compared with tamoxifen alone.
Effect of Interleukin-6 on growth and STAT3 signal transduction pathway in human pancreatic cancer cell line (2009)

Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) on the growth and proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 and the signal transduction pathway. Methods MTr method was used to detect the effect of IL-6 of different concentrations on the growth and proliferation of Capan - 2 cells; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; the intracellular localization of phosphorylated STAT3 (P-STAT3) was determined by immunocytochemistry and western blot were used to detect P-STAT3, bcl-xl and Cyclin D1 in Capan-2 cells stimulated by IL-6. Results IL-6 (100 ng/ml) could remarkably promote the growth of Capan-2 cells from 1 to 4. 965 ± 0. 18 (P < 0. 05) ; the percentage of apoptosis decreased significantly from (3.21 ±0.23)% to (1.98 ±0.67)% (P <0.05) ; the expressions of P-STAT3, bcl-xl, Cyelin D1 increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the expressions of bcl-xl was positively correlated with that of P-STAT3 (r =0.985, P =0.015) ; the expressions of Cyclin DI was also positively correlated with that of P-STAT3(r=0.914,P=0.036),Conclusions IL-6 activate JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway,which played an important role in the growth and proliferation of Capan-2 cells in the presence of IL-6.

Key words: 
Pancreatic neoplasms;  Interhukin-6;  Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
Reaction Mechanism of Plant 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin (2003)

Barley 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) was analyzed for peroxide reduction, quaternary structure, thylakoid attachment, and function as well as in vivo occurrence of the inactivated form, with emphasis on the role of specific amino acid residues. Data presented show the following. 1) 2-Cys Prx has a broad substrate specificity and reduces even complex lipid peroxides such as phosphatidylcholine dilineoyl hydroperoxide, although at low rates. 2) 2-Cys Prx partly becomes irreversibly oxidized by peroxide substrates during the catalytic cycle in a concentration-dependent manner, particularly by bulky hydroperoxides. 3) Using dithiothreitol and thioredoxin (Trx) as reductants, amino acids were identified that are important for peroxide reduction (Cys64, Arg140, and Arg163), regeneration by Trx (Cys185), and conformation changes from dimer to oligomer (Thr66, Trp99, and Trp189). 4) Oligomerization decreased the rate of Trx-dependent peroxide detoxification. 5) Comparison of PrxWT, W99L, and W189L using static and time-resolved LIF techniques demonstrated the contributions of the tryptophan residues and yielded information about their local environment. Data indicated protein dynamics in the catalytic site and the carboxyl terminus during the reduction-oxidation cycle. 6) Reduced and inactivated barley 2-Cys Prx oligomerized and attached to the thylakoid membrane in isolated chloroplasts. The in vivo relevance of inactivation was shown in leaves subjected to cold and wilting stress and during senescence. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that in addition to its function in peroxide detoxification, 2-Cys Prx may play a role as a structural redox sensor in chloroplasts.
Genetic and Linkage Analysis of Low Temperature–Induced Browning in Soybean Seed Coats (1994)

Journal Article Genetic and Linkage Analysis of Low Temperature–Induced Browning in Soybean Seed Coats Get access R. Takahashi, R. Takahashi Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment StationToyohira-ku, Sapporo, 062 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Abe J. Abe Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversityKita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 85, Issue 6, November 1994, Pages 447–450, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111499 Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Received: 27 September 1993 Accepted: 30 March 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of a Protein-Serine/Threonine Phosphatase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Pyrodictium abyssi</i> TAG11 (1998)

An open reading frame coding for a putative protein-serine/threonine phosphatase was identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium abyssi TAG11 and named Py-PP1. Py-PP1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified from inclusion bodies, and biochemically characterized. The phosphatase gene is part of an operon which may provide, for the first time, insight into a physiological role for archaeal protein phosphatases in vivo.
A New Deepwater Exploration Template Drilling System To Accommodate Early Production Platform Tieback (1986)

ABSTRACT An exploration drilling template system has been developed for use in deep water so that the expenses of exploration drilling can be recovered by using the discovery wells for early production tieback to a deepwater platform. A nine well template was installed in August 1985 and is currently being used in in the Gulf of Mexico?s Mississippi Canyon area in 1400 feet of water. This project marks the deepest multi-well drilling template to date and will mark the deepest platform well tieback should these exploratory wells discover commercial hydrocarbon deposits. This paper presents the principle of operation for the template system, design features of its hardware subsystems, and the installation of the template drilling system in the Gulf of Mexico. INTRODUCTION As exploration for oil and gas offshore extends into deeper waters, the cost of drilling and proving up reserves grows increasingly expensive. Furthermore, the economics and lead time to design and build a platform and then drill production wells might be prohibitive without utilizing producible exploratory wells. Historically, the most attractive method to use exploration wells for production has been through the use of platform tiebacks to the subsea wellhead. Exploration wells which may be candidates for later platform tieback and well production are usually drilled through a subsea drilling template. The template provides a known spacing between wellheads to accommodate platform design. The drilling template is designed to replace the temporary and/or permanent guide bases used to support the BOP and the well?s casing and wellhead. In deepwater cases, the template?s design must also meet floating drilling operation requirements. An additional advantage to the drilling template-tieback concept is that step-out wells can be drilled from the same template to justify the construction of a deepwater platform and later completed for early production. Union Oil decided to use the template concept for a deepwater exploration drilling program in the Gulf of Mexico in 1985. Some of the design requirements for the template and the wellhead equipment are as follows:The template should be sized so that a drilling vessel can install or recover the template using the drilling rig.The template wellhead equipment and well slot spacing must be fully compatible with conventional floating drilling equipment.If the exploration wells prove to be commercial then the wellhead and template shall accommodate the installation of a platform jacket and wellhead riser tiebacks.The guideposts on the template must be removable so that the posts can be moved from well slot to well slot and totally removed after all drilling is finished so that the posts do not interfere with jacket installation.The template wellhead equipment must accommodate the remote installation and jetting into place of the 30 inch conductor casing, then subsequently lock into the template structure for mechanical strength.
Dysregulation of Human β-Defensin-2 Protein in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2009)

Colonic HBD2 was dysregulated at mRNA and protein level in IBD. Inflammatory status and stimulus but not germline variations influenced these changes.
Fibronectin and Cell Attachment to Cell and Protein Resistant Polyelectrolyte Surfaces (2005)

Culture of A7r5 smooth muscle cells on a polyelectrolyte multilayer film (PEMU) can influence various cell properties, including adhesion, motility, and cytoskeletal organization, that are modulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo. ECM contribution to cell behavior on PEMUs was investigated by determining the amount of fibronectin (FN) bound to charged and hydrophobic PEMUs by optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. FN bound best to poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-terminated and Nafion-terminated PEMUs. FN bound poorly to PEMUs terminated with a copolymer of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and 3-[2-(acrylamido)-ethyl dimethylammonio] propane sulfonate (PAA-co-AEDAPS). Cells adhered and spread well on the Nafion-terminated PEMU surfaces. In contrast, cells spread less and migrated more on both FN-coated and uncoated PAH-terminated PEMU surfaces. Both cells and FN interacted much better with Nafion than with PAA-co-PAEDAPS in a micropatterned PEMU. These results indicate that A7r5 cell adhesion, spreading, and motility on PEMUs can be independent of FN binding to the surfaces.
Molecular and Physicochemical Aspects of Local Anesthetics Acting on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-containing Membranes (2002)

Local anesthetics inhibit the ion channel activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a noncompetitive fashion. This inhibitory action is ascribed to two possible inhibitory mechanisms: an open-channel-blocking mechanism and/or an allosteric process where the drug binds either to the closed channel or to other nonluminal sites, respectively.
Chronic monitoring of bladder volume: a critical review and assessment of measurement methods. (2011)

Chronic monitoring of bladder volume can improve the clinical diagnosis and the choice of therapeutic approach for patients suffering from urinary dysfunction. It can also be employed to notify patients or healthcare personnel when the bladder should be emptied. An early warning can be triggered either when functional bladder capacity is reached or when an abnormally high postvoiding residual volume remains in the bladder after an unfinished voiding. Currently, neuroprosthetic implants are used in the treatment of refractory patients with overactive bladder, with urgency-frequency or with voiding complications. These implants can further enhance their performance, and also reduce their adverse-effects, by implementing a conditional stimulation based on the ongoing information of bladder volume. In this paper, we review the measurement methods used in past studies, we analyze and assess them, and lastly we pinpoint the one that we consider the optimal one for chronic monitoring of bladder volume.
Optimal, stable switching between arcs during low-speed Ackerman path tracking (2013)

In numerous applications an autonomous Ackerman (conventional front-wheel steer) vehicle must be made to follow a desired path. Early motion planning methods for cars used only straight lines and circular arcs, although more modern methods use clothoids and more general curves. We have chosen to plan with the simpler primitives due to the computational speed benefit and ease of implementation. The problem then is how to best transition from one arc to the next in the presence of a finite-speed steering servo. In this paper we describe a simple approach involving the adjustment of a single parameter, which is the time to stop tracking the current arc segment and to begin tracking the segment which follows. We present a return map associated with the periodic tracking of a slalom path. It has a fixed point corresponding to the periodic solution, and we numerically evaluate the stability of this fixed point to determine the stability of the associated periodic, continuous-time trajectory. We show that the map's stability is well-predicted by the continuous (unswitched) system. We have also derived an approximate expression for the optimal switching time using singular perturbation theory, and it agrees well with the numerical results. Experimental results are also included, which show good tracking performance when using the approach described in the paper.
Le Nez du Vin?a quick test of olfaction (1996)

There is a need for a quick and inexpensive smell identification test. A six odour multiple choice smell test derived from Le Nez du Vin, a winetaster's kit, is described. One hundred and thirty-two subjects assessed a mean of 5.28 +/- 1.18 odours correctly. There was a significant difference between those who considered themselves to have a normal sense of smell (n = 91), mean score 5.52 +/- 0.76, and those who thought themselves hyposmic (n = 41), mean score 4.76 +/- 1.68. (P < 0.001). No significant differences could be detected between the scores of smokers and non-smokers, nor those of males and females. Twenty-one patients performed both the Nez du Vin and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in random order. Results of the two tests showed good correlation (r = 0.79, P < 0.001).
Imaging a Single Quantum Dot When It Is Dark (2008)

We have succeeded in recording extinction images of individual cadmium selenide quantum dots at ambient condition. This is achieved by optimizing the interference between the light that is coherently scattered from the quantum dot and the reflection of the incident laser beam. The ability to interrogate the dot in the absence of fluorescence has revealed that its extinction cross section diminishes in the photobleached state, but interestingly, it remains unchanged during fluorescence blinking off times. Our methodology makes optical imaging and spectroscopy accessible to the study of ultrasmall nanoscopic objects such as nonfluorescent macromolecules and single emitters with very low quantum efficiencies.
Resonant grating–waveguide structures for visible and near-infrared radiation (1997)

A new ray picture model based on the multiple interference of light waves in dielectric resonant grating–waveguide structures is presented. The model clearly elucidates the phase relationship between the incident plane wave and the waves diffracted from the resonant grating structure that is responsible for the interference of these waves. As a result of this interference process the incident wave can be totally reflected at a certain wavelength and orientation angle. The model is used to describe and analyze this resonance behavior of the grating–waveguide structures as a function of wavelength and incidence angle. The analysis is verified experimentally with semiconductor (InGaAsP/InP) structures at wavelengths of 1.55 μm and also with dielectric (silicon nitride/SiO2) structures at wavelengths of 0.6 μm. All of the structures were formed by electron beam lithography and chemical vapor deposition. The measured results reveal that subnanometer resonance bandwidths and finesses as large as 6000 can be achieved at contrast ratios of 50 with relatively compact structures.
The pre-S domain of the large viral envelope protein determines host range in avian hepatitis B viruses. (1995)

In addition to their well-recognized hepatotropism, all hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) display marked species specificity, growing poorly or not at all in species other than those closely related to their natural hosts. We have examined the molecular basis for this narrow host range, using duck HBV (DHBV) and heron HBV (HHBV) as a model system. HHBV virions will not infect ducks in vivo and infect cultured duck hepatocytes extremely inefficiently in vitro. Mutant HHBV genomes lacking all viral envelope proteins (HHBV env-) can be complemented in trans with DHBV envelope proteins; the resulting pseudotyped virions can efficiently infect duck hepatocytes. Further complementation analysis reveals that of the two viral surface proteins (L and S), it is the L protein that determines host range. Pseudotyping of HHBV env- with DHBV/HHBV chimeric envelope proteins reveals that replacement of as few as 69 amino acids of the pre-S domain of the HHBV L protein by their DHBV counterparts is sufficient to permit infection of duck hepatocytes. These studies indicate that the species-specificity of hepadnaviral infection is determined at the level of virus entry and is governed by the pre-S domain of the viral L protein.