gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A signature of neural coding at human perceptual limits (2016)

Simple visual features, such as orientation, are thought to be represented in the spiking of visual neurons using population codes. I show that optimal decoding of such activity predicts characteristic deviations from the normal distribution of errors at low gains. Examining human perception of orientation stimuli, I show that these predicted deviations are present at near-threshold levels of contrast. The findings may provide a neural-level explanation for the appearance of a threshold in perceptual awareness whereby stimuli are categorized as seen or unseen. As well as varying in error magnitude, perceptual judgments differ in certainty about what was observed. I demonstrate that variations in the total spiking activity of a neural population can account for the empirical relationship between subjective confidence and precision. These results establish population coding and decoding as the neural basis of perception and perceptual confidence.
Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide, Isomalto-Oligosaccharide, Inulin and Xylo-Oligosaccharide on Survival of <i>B. Bifidum</i> during Freeze-Drying (2011)

Four different prebiotics including fructo-oligosaccharide isomalto-oligosaccharide, inulin and xylo-oligosaccharide were screened for their effects on survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum during freeze-drying. The additions of prebiotics (v/v) were all 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%. The results showed that prebiotics could act on Bifidobacterium Bifidum. The optimum concentration of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in samples for surival of Bifidobacterium bifidum was 12% and for viable count was 20％. Addition of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) played a significant role in promoting cell viablity when it was in low level. The optimum concentration of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) for surival of Bifidobacterium bifidum was 16% and for viable count was 12％, while inulin in samples for surival and viable cell of Bifidobacterium bifidum both was 4％.
The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Proinsulin Secretion in Pregnancy (2005)

GDM is not independently associated with hyperproinsulinemia as measured by the proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio. Instead, in pregnant women, increased insulin resistance is associated with decreased proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio, independently of glucose tolerance status. These data suggest that relative proinsulin secretion in late pregnancy is primarily related to insulin resistance and does not necessarily reflect beta-cell function.
CoINS: Context Sensitive Indoor Navigation System (2006)

The context sensitive indoor navigation system (CoINS) implements an architecture to develop context-aware indoor user guidance services and applications. This paper presents a detailed discussion on algorithms and architectural issues in building an indoor guidance system. We first start with the world model and required mapping to 2D for the process of path calculation and simplification. We also compare several algorithm optimizations applied in this particular context. The system provides the infrastructure to support different techniques of presenting the path and supporting user orientation to reach a certain destination in indoor premises
Highly controllable synthesis of near-infrared persistent luminescence SiO_2/CaMgSi_2O_6 composite nanospheres for imaging in vivo (2014)

High quality near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanospheres (PLNPs) were synthesized using a simple mesoporous template method. The as-synthesized NIR persistent luminescence nanoparticles have uniform spherical morphology, tunable sizes, and a nominal composition of SiO(2)/CaMgSi(2)O(6):Eu(2+), Pr(3+), Mn(2+) (denoted as SEPM). Their NIR persistent luminescence at 660 nm can be detected during more than 1 hour. The in vivo distribution of the nanoparticles in the abdomen can be detected in real time after injection into the abdomen of a mouse. The nanoparticles can be metabolized from the lymph circulation and transferred from the abdomen to the bladder. The results indicate an effective method to offer high quality NIR persistent luminescence nanoprobes for imaging.
Why the " Miracle of Compound Interest" leads to financial crises? (2009)

In this paper I want to discuss the financial sector´s tendency to dominate, deflate and polarize economies, thwarting economic potential. Understanding these financial dynamics is essential to explain why all nations are not operating up to the technological potential toward which classical liberalism aimed, and why the world economy is polarizing, as are domestic economies even in the most advanced industrial nations.
Interactive exploration of city maps with auditory torches (2007)

City maps are an important means to get an impression of the structure of cities. They represent visual abstraction of urban areas with different geographic entities, their locations, and spatial relations. However, this information is not sufficiently accessible today to blind and visually impaired people. To provide a non-visual access to map information, we developed an interactive auditory city map, which uses 3D non-speech sound to convey the position, shape, and type of geographic objects. For the interactive exploration of the auditory map, we designed a virtual walk-through. This allows the user to gain an overview of an area. To be able to focus on certain regions of the map, we equip the user with an auditory torch. With the auditory torch users can change the number of displayed objects in a self directed way. To further aid in getting a global idea of the displayed area we additionally introduce a bird's eye view on the auditory map. Our evaluation shows that our approaches enable the user to gain an understanding of the explored environment.
[Treatment of inflammation with anti-inflammatory cytokines: example in models of auto-immune diseases]. (1995)

Cytokines may exert anti-inflammatory properties, allowing the hypothesis of their potential therapeutic use. Targeting the cytokines balance may modify the course of subsequent inflammatory events in an autoimmune disease. Many data are available. Interferon-gamma can be blocked by an anti-interferon-gamma monoclonal antibody: if the treatment is administered in the early phase of an autoimmune disease such as collagen-induced arthritis, the course of the disease is worsened; if the treatment is given later, the disease can be improved; these results are mirrored by treatment with high doses of the cytokine itself. Pharmacologic effects of antiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 or IL-13 are a protection against several experimental autoimmune diseases. The very short half-life of cytokines makes them difficult and expensive to use directly; in such occurrence, high quantities have to be frequently injected. In this context, gene therapy appears as an effective alternative solution: the transfection of cells with cytokines genes (e.g. either IL-4 or IL-13) then the engraftment of these vectors in animals, permit the in vivo secretion of high levels of cytokines, and result in the protection of the animals from the development of the disease.
Peptide related drug research (2003)

Drug discovery directed peptide research has been pursued at the IVAX Drug Research Institute (formerly Institute for Drug Research) (IDR) since the mid 1950s. Outlined are the main projects and the most significant results, which include the first synthesis of human ACTH, the discovery of GYKI-14 166, the prototype of peptide inhibitors of thrombin, a stable anticoagulant, efegatran GYKI-14 766, and their dual acting analogues. The identification of an agonist analogue of LHRH leading to Cetrorelix, an LHRH antagonist now in clinical use, is also presented.
Chapter 3. Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs to Target Type-1 Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor (2020)

The endocannabinoid system is a complex network of lipids, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and metabolic enzymes and plays a major role in modulating key physiological processes, including nociception, inflammation, and metabolism. The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) holds great promise for treating CNS and metabolic disorders, pain and glaucoma. The CB1 receptor shows multiple activation mechanisms and it can signal through distinct pathways each of which potentially exhibiting different physiological outcomes. Naturally occurring compounds from Cannabis sativa (phytocannabinoids) and their synthetic derivatives (classical/non-classical cannabinoids), endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and their synthetic derivatives, and synthetic compounds of other chemical structures were developed as agonists of the CB1 receptor to promote its signalling. Also, ligands that inhibit the activation of the CB1 receptor have been shown to hold great promise in the clinical setting. This chapter summarizes the diverse panel of ligands that target the CB1 receptor and highlights their use as probes for investigating the modulation of the receptor's activation both in vitro and in vivo.
Intragenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<i>ALK</i>) rearrangements: Translocations as a novel mechanism of <i>ALK</i> activation in neuroblastoma tumors (2014)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been demonstrated to be deregulated in sporadic as well as in familiar cases of neuroblastoma (NB). Whereas ALK-fusion proteins are common in lymphoma and lung cancer, there are few reports of ALK rearrangements in NB indicating that ALK mainly exerts its oncogenic capacity via activating mutations and/or overexpression in this tumor type. In this study, 332 NB tumors and 13 cell lines were screened by high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarray. Gain of 2p was detected in 23% (60/332) of primary tumors and 46% (6/13) of cell lines, while breakpoints at the ALK locus were detected in four primary tumors and two cell lines. These were further analyzed by next generation sequencing and a targeted enrichment approach. Samples with both ALK and MYCN amplification displayed complex genomic rearrangements with multiple breakpoints within the amplicon. None of the translocations characterized in primary NB tumors are likely to result in a chimeric protein. However, immunohistochemical analysis reveals high levels of phosphorylated ALK in these samples despite lack of initial exons, possibly due to alternative transcription initiation sites. Both ALK proteins predicted to arise from such alterations and from the abnormal ALK exon 4-11 deletion observed in the CLB-BAR cell line show strong activation of downstream targets STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) when expressed in PC12 cells. Taken together, our data indicate a novel, although rare, mechanism of ALK activation with implications for NB tumorigenesis.
Software evaluation using the 9241 evaluator (1997)

There is an increasing need for practical and comprehensive evaluation methods and tools for conformance testing with ISO standards. In this study, we focus on ISO 9241 which is an important ergonomic standard. A brief description shows its content and structure. Practical evaluations include the amount of time and resources which must be managed in software projects, while comprehensive evaluations require that the context of use be considered during the evaluation of user interfaces. In order to complete a comprehensive evaluation of usability, it is necessary to use more than one evaluation method. Therefore, an overview of different evaluation approaches is given, describing their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the ISO 9241 Evaluator is presented in detail as an example of a practical expert-based evaluation method for conformance testing with the ISO 9241 standard, that can be integrated in a comprehensive evaluation approach.
Dual decision feedback equalizer (1997)

The detector of Dahlman and Gudmundson (1988) ranks among the simplest known extensions of the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The article develops a simplification of this detector, and evaluates its performance vis-a-vis other near maximum likelihood detectors. Comparable performances are observed at much lower complexity levels.
The digital simulcast AD-HDTV coding system (1992)

Advanced digital high definition television (AD-HDTV) is an all-digital simulcast system that is designed to deliver high-quality HDTV services to a large coverage area through a single 6 MHz terrestrial broadcast channel. The AD-HDTV coding system is described, with emphasis on the unique features added to the emerging ISO Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) coding standard. By building upon a widely accepted coding standard, AD-HDTV ensures a low-cost implementation taking the potential benefits of leveraging ongoing technological advances and VLSI developments. It also facilitates interoperability with other potential consumer electronics applications involving digital HDTV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (1993)

Concentrations of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) appear to be directly dependent upon their rate of production in the brain. There is evidence that the net release of short-chain monocarboxylic acids from the brain is a major route for removing these products of cerebral metabolism. Concentrations of organic acids in blood and CSF are largely independent of each other. Quantitative reference values for the concentrations of organic acids in CSF and plasma as well as ratios of individual organic acids between CSF and plasma were determined in 35 pairs of samples from paediatric patients. Over 25 organic acids were quantifiable in all or in the majority of CSF and/or plasma specimens (limit of detection 1 mumol/L). There were substantial differences in the CSF/plasma ratios between subgroups of organic acids. Metabolites related to fatty-acid oxidation were present in CSF in substantially less amounts than in plasma. Organic acids related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and to amino acid degradation were present in CSF in the same amounts as or slightly smaller amounts than in plasma. Finally, some organic acids were found in substantially higher amounts in CSF than in plasma, e.g. glycolate, glycerate, 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate, citrate and isocitrate. Studies of organic acids in CSF and plasma samples are presented from patients with 'cerebral' lactic acidosis, disorders of propionate and methylmalonate metabolism, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and L-2-hydroxy-glutaric aciduria. It became apparent that derangements of organic acids in the CSF may occur independently of the systemic metabolism. Quantitative organic acid analysis in CSF will yield new information on the pathophysiology in the central nervous system (CNS) of these disorders and may prove necessary for successful monitoring of treatment of organoacidopathies, which present mainly with neurological disease. For example, in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency the urinary excretion of glutarate appears to be an inadequate parameter for monitoring the effect of dietary therapy, without plasma and CSF determinations. In L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria the elevation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate was found to be greater in CSF than in plasma. In addition, some other organic acids, glycolate, glycerate, 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate, citrate and isocitrate, were also elevated in the CSF of the patients out of proportion to normal levels in plasma and urine. High concentrations of an unknown compound, which was tentatively identified as 2,4-dihydroxyglutarate, were found in the CSF of patients with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV. Purification, characterization, subunit structure, and subunit interactions. (1993)

DNA sequence analysis of Escherichia coli parC and parE, encoding the subunits of topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) (Kato, J.-I., Suzuki, H., and Ikeda, H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25676-25684), showed that ParC was 22 amino acids longer on the N terminus and ParE was 29 amino acids longer on the C terminus than reported previously. E. coli strains bearing bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase-based expression plasmids carrying both intact and truncated parC and parE were used to overproduce the ParC and ParE proteins. Full-length ParC and ParE were required to reconstitute Topo IV activity, whereas the truncated ParC and ParE were inactive. Topo IV activity was supported only by ATP or dATP. The [ATP]1/2 for DNA relaxation was 0.45 mM, almost 25-fold higher than the [ATP]1/2 for decatenation of kinetoplast DNA. Topo IV activity was inhibited by the quinolone and coumarin antibiotics, although the concentrations required for 50% inhibition of activity were 3-30-fold higher than those required to inhibit DNA gyrase. The norfloxacin-induced DNA cleavage patterns of Topo IV and DNA gyrase were distinct but overlapping. The native forms of ParC and ParE were a dimer and a monomer, respectively; whereas the active form of Topo IV was a heterotetramer, ParC2ParE2. The inactivity of the truncated forms of ParC and ParE could be attributed to their failure to form the heterotetramer.
Optimizing Queries Across Diverse Data Sources (1997)

Businesses today need to interrelate data stored in diverse systems with differing capabilities, ideally via a single high-level query interface. We present the design of a query optimizer for Garlic [C + 95], a middleware system designed to integrate data from a broad range of data sources with very different query capabilities. Garlic&apos;s optimizer extends the rule-based approach of [Loh88] to work in a heterogeneous environment, by defining generic rules for the middleware and using wrapper-provided rules to encapsulate the capabilities of each data source. This approach offers great advantages in terms of plan quality, extensibility to new sources, incremental implementation of rules for new sources, and the ability to express the capabilities of a diverse set of sources. We describe the design and implementation of this optimizer, and illustrate its actions through an example. 1 Introduction Businesses today rely on data stored in diverse systems with differing capabilities. Som...
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Fullerenes (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gait Analysis Using Computer Vision Based on Cloud Platform and Mobile Device (2018)

Frailty and senility are syndromes that affect elderly people. The ageing process involves a decay of cognitive and motor functions which often produce an impact on the quality of life of elderly people. Some studies have linked this deterioration of cognitive and motor function to gait patterns. Thus, gait analysis can be a powerful tool to assess frailty and senility syndromes. In this paper, we propose a vision-based gait analysis approach performed on a smartphone with cloud computing assistance. Gait sequences recorded by a smartphone camera are processed by the smartphone itself to obtain spatiotemporal features. These features are uploaded onto the cloud in order to analyse and compare them to a stored database to render a diagnostic. The feature extraction method presented can work with both frontal and sagittal gait sequences although the sagittal view provides a better classification since an accuracy of 95% can be obtained.
Potent Anti-Influenza Activity of Cyanovirin-N and Interactions with Viral Hemagglutinin (2003)

The novel antiviral protein cyanovirin-N (CV-N) was initially discovered based on its potent activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Subsequent studies identified the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 as molecular targets of CV-N. More recently, mechanistic studies have shown that certain high-mannose oligosaccharides (oligomannose-8 and oligomannose-9) found on the HIV envelope glycoproteins comprise the specific sites to which CV-N binds. Such selective, carbohydrate-dependent interactions may account, at least in part, for the unusual and unexpected spectrum of antiviral activity of CV-N described herein. We screened CV-N against a broad range of respiratory and enteric viruses, as well as flaviviruses and herpesviruses. CV-N was inactive against rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteric viruses but was moderately active against some herpesvirus and hepatitis virus (bovine viral diarrhea virus) strains (50% effective concentration [EC(50)] = approximately 1 micro g/ml) while inactive against others. Remarkably, however, CV-N and related homologs showed highly potent antiviral activity against almost all strains of influenza A and B virus, including clinical isolates and a neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant strain (EC(50) = 0.004 to 0.04 micro g/ml). When influenza virus particles were pretreated with CV-N, viral titers were lowered significantly (>1,000-fold). Further studies identified influenza virus hemagglutinin as a target for CV-N, showed that antiviral activity and hemagglutinin binding were correlated, and indicated that CV-N's interactions with hemagglutinin involved oligosaccharides. These results further reveal new potential avenues for antiviral therapeutics and prophylaxis targeting specific oligosaccharide-comprised sites on certain enveloped viruses, including HIV, influenza virus, and possibly others.
Implementation of parallel cosine and sine modulated filter banks for equalized transmultiplexer systems (2002)

Filter bank-based transmultiplexer systems have certain advantages compared with existing DFT-based multicarrier systems and they are promising candidates for data transmission in frequency-selective channels. We have recently proposed a novel and efficient channel equalization idea to be used with critically decimated perfect reconstruction cosine modulated transmultiplexer systems. The equalizer utilizes parallel cosine and sine modulated filter banks in the receiver end. This paper explores efficient realization structures for the needed parallel filter bank system, which finds applications also in other areas.
HANDLING THE YOUNG CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILD AT HOME (1976)

MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing: November 1976 - Volume 1 - Issue 6 - p 389
The ART of practical synchronization (2016)

The performance of transactional database systems is critically dependent on the efficient synchronization of in-memory data structures. The traditional approach, fine-grained locking, does not scale on modern hardware. Lock-free data structures, in contrast, scale very well but are extremely difficult to implement and often require additional indirections. In this work, we argue for a middle ground, i.e., synchronization protocols that use locking, but only sparingly. We synchronize the Adaptive Radix Tree (ART) using two such protocols, Optimistic Lock Coupling and Read-Optimized Write EXclusion (ROWEX). Both perform and scale very well while being much easier to implement than lock-free techniques.
Introduction to Music Appreciation (1962)

Introduction to Music Appreciation is about listening, appreciating, understanding, and discussing music. It explores the history, aesthetics, and criticism of Western music for an enhanced understanding of the topic. Chapters include:\n\nMusical Elements, Critical Listening, and Course Overview;\nEarly Western Art Music;\nThe Baroque Era;\nThe Classical Era;\nThe Romantic Period;\nTwentieth-Century Music;\nJazz; and\nMusic of the World.