gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural adaptations to electrical stimulation strength training (2011)

This review provides evidence for the hypothesis that electrostimulation strength training (EST) increases the force of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) through neural adaptations in healthy skeletal muscle. Although electrical stimulation and voluntary effort activate muscle differently, there is substantial evidence to suggest that EST modifies the excitability of specific neural paths and such adaptations contribute to the increases in MVC force. Similar to strength training with voluntary contractions, EST increases MVC force after only a few sessions with some changes in muscle biochemistry but without overt muscle hypertrophy. There is some mixed evidence for spinal neural adaptations in the form of an increase in the amplitude of the interpolated twitch and in the amplitude of the volitional wave, with less evidence for changes in spinal excitability. Cross-sectional and exercise studies also suggest that the barrage of sensory and nociceptive inputs acts at the cortical level and can modify the motor cortical output and interhemispheric paths. The data suggest that neural adaptations mediate initial increases in MVC force after short-term EST.
Banking on sustainability : financing environmental and social opportunities in emerging markets (2007)

The report presents the business case for sustainable banking by drawing on responses to a 2005 Sustainability Survey of Financial Institutions conducted by IFC as well as 14 case studies from pioneering financial institutions. The new survey and additional feedback received from a number of financial institutions have revealed a demand for information, both to raise awareness and to aid in building institutional capacity. The most immediate needs expressed by the respondents were for: a) more information on sustainability issues specific to particular regions; b) guidance on investment opportunities in specific industries and ways to involve local expertise; and c) practical examples that demonstrate successful implementation practices. With these needs in mind, this report builds and expands on previous research and provides greater insight into the specific issues and drivers within the banking sector. The survey results as well as more detailed, practical experiences of 14 financial institutions help to strengthen the business case for sustainable banking and show how progress has been made in the implementation of formal social and environmental management procedures. Going a step further, the report also analyzes current global and regional trends and presents an overall picture of where we stand today with regard to social and environmental sustainability for financial institutions in emerging markets. The report demonstrates how all these elements contribute to a continuous process in which improvements in social and environmental management lead to greater business benefits.
A fully digital polar transmitter using a digital-to-time converter for high data rate system (2009)

Digital polar transmitter is suitable for high integrated and power efficient implementation. In order to support high data rate communication systems, the digital polar transmitter need a high performance phase modulator with high resolution and sub-nanoseconds settling time. In this paper, as a phase modulator, a digital-to-time converter (DTC) with high resolution and short settling time is proposed. The DTC adopts serial delay architecture, and can be used in high data-rate and gigahertz wireless communication system. It exploits inverters with different delays to generate small phase differences while maintaining the sub-nanoseconds settling time. The DTC implemented in the TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process achieves the phase resolution of 0.78 ps and relative settling time of 0.7 ns with 2.5 GHz clock while consuming 0.8 mW of power.
Chromosome 22q11 deletions, velo-cardio-facial syndrome and early-onset psychosis (2003)

Background Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11. About 30% of patients with VCFS have psychosis, and the rate of these deletions in schizophrenia has been reported to be about 1%. Even higher rates of VCFS deletions have been reported for childhood-onset schizophrenia. Aims To test the hypothesis that there is an increased rate of VCFS among patients with early-onset psychosis (age at onset < 18 years). We screened 192 early-onset patients and 329 patients with adult-onset schizophrenia. Method We genotyped the patients and 444 healthy controls for hemizygosity of five microsatellite markers and one single nucleotide polymorphism that map to the 22q11-deleted region. Results One patient had a VCFS deletion, confirmed with semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. None of the controls showed a pattern of genotypes consistent with hemizygosity. Conclusions VCFS may be less frequent among patients with psychosis than previously suggested; this rate is not increased among early-onset patients.
USER INTERFACES TO INTERACT WITH TENSOR FIELDS. A STATE-OF-THE-ART ANALYSIS (2008)

In this article we review the current situation of user interfaces for tensor fields. This is a very active research field nowadays, because the amount of information that tensors contain makes them difficult to design, and achieve an intuitive and easy to use interface. From a medical point of view, diffusion and strain tensors are the most widely used tensor images nowadays. The use of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) is being increasingly introduced in clinical practice. An important part of these interfaces is the visualization of the tensor field. Due to the high number of degrees of freedom, this is a difficult task, and many methods have been developed for it. We should also take into account that new hardware devices with a larger variety of functions could greatly help this kind of interfaces. However, most of these devices are being developed nowadays. As two examples, we study the DTMRI module of Slicer 3D and an immersive virtual environment for DTMRI visualization, as well as some of the feedback of their users. 1.
A Customized Many-Core Hardware Acceleration Platform for Short Read Mapping Problems Using Distributed Memory Interface with 3D–Stacked Architecture (2016)

Rapidly developing Next Generation Sequencing technologies produce huge amounts of short reads that consisting randomly fragmented DNA base pair strings. Assembling of those short reads poses a challenge on the mapping of reads to a reference genome in terms of both sensitivity and execution time. In this paper, we propose a customized many-core hardware acceleration platform for short read mapping problems based on hash-index method. The processing core is highly customized to suite both 2-hit string matching and banded Smith-Waterman sequence alignment operations, while distributed memory interface with 3D–stacked architecture provides high bandwidth and low access latency for highly customized dataset partitioning and memory access scheduling. Conformal with original BFAST program, our design provides an amazingly 45,012 times speedup over software approach for single-end short reads and 21,102 times for paired-end short reads, while also beats similar single FPGA solution for 1466 times in case of single end reads. Optimized seed generation gives much better sensitivity while the performance boost is still impressive.
Genomic position affects the expression of tobacco mosaic virus movement and coat protein genes. (1993)

Alterations in the genomic position of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genes encoding the 30-kDa cell-to-cell movement protein or the coat protein greatly affected their expression. Higher production of 30-kDa protein was correlated with increased proximity of the gene to the viral 3' terminus. A mutant placing the 30-kDa open reading frame 207 nucleotides nearer the 3' terminus produced at least 4 times the wild-type TMV 30-kDa protein level, while a mutant placing the 30-kDa open reading frame 470 nucleotides closer to the 3' terminus produced at least 8 times the wild-type TMV 30-kDa protein level. Increases in 30-kDa protein production were not correlated with the subgenomic mRNA promoter (SGP) controlling the 30-kDa gene, since mutants with either the native 30-kDa SGP or the coat protein SGP in front of the 30-kDa gene produced similar levels of 30-kDa protein. Lack of coat protein did not affect 30-kDa protein expression, since a mutant with the coat protein start codon removed did not produce increased amounts of 30-kDa protein. Effects of gene positioning on coat protein expression were examined by using a mutant containing two different tandemly positioned tobamovirus (TMV and Odontoglossum ringspot virus) coat protein genes. Only coat protein expressed from the gene positioned nearest the 3' viral terminus was detected. Analysis of 30-kDa and coat protein subgenomic mRNAs revealed no proportional increase in the levels of mRNA relative to the observed levels of 30-kDa and coat proteins. This suggests that a translational mechanism is primarily responsible for the observed effect of genomic position on expression of 30-kDa movement and coat protein genes.
Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticle from FeCl3 by using polyvinyl alcohol (2012)

This work has been focused on the synthesis of the iron oxide nano particle from the spanich (In Hindi: palak) by using polyvinyl alcohol in static and dynamic state. The sizes of the nano particle were determined by XRD technique. The presences of the functional group in iron oxide nano particle were characterized through FTIR. LVSEM and EDAX were carried to examination the surface feature and determine the chemical composition of the nano particle. The decomposition of the feric oxide was studied by TG analysis. The result shows that the magnetite nano powders were successfully prepared by chemical route in polymer matrix. The dynamic state modifies the size particle by repeating of impact. This method has the advantage that it can produce ultra-fine iron oxide powder quickly. The prolonged thermal treatment of the Fe3O4 produced Fe2O3 hematite nano particle. The sizes of the nano particle are found approximately 44.6 in static state and 20nm in dynamic state analyzed through XRD. EDAX and FTIR analysis show the presence of the respective element and their functional group.
Clodronate in the management of breast cancer and multiple myeloma. (2003)

The rationale for the use of the bisphosphonates in tumour-induced osteolysis is well established. The evidence to date supports the view that bone destruction continues despite of sysytemic therapies directed against the tumour so that supplementary bone protection should be considered. Long-term treatment with clodronate or pamidronate has been shown to modify the progression of skeletal disease. The efficacies or oral and intravenous bisphosphonates seem similar and the numbers-needed-to-treat compare very favourably with the use of treatments as secondary prevention in other diseases. Further research is required to determine if we can better identify sub-groups of patients who will derive particular benefit, or perhaps not benefit at all, from bisphosphonate therapy. The use of biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation to evaluate the risk of skeletal disease and its response to treatment also requires further study.
Low-Cost FIR Filter Designs Based on Faithfully Rounded Truncated Multiple Constant Multiplication/Accumulation (2013)

Low-cost finite impulse response (FIR) designs are presented using the concept of faithfully rounded truncated multipliers. We jointly consider the optimization of bit width and hardware resources without sacrificing the frequency response and output signal precision. Nonuniform coefficient quantization with proper filter order is proposed to minimize total area cost. Multiple constant multiplication/accumulation in a direct FIR structure is implemented using an improved version of truncated multipliers. Comparisons with previous FIR design approaches show that the proposed designs achieve the best area and power results.
Multicomponent synthesis of tripeptides containing pipecolic acid derivatives: selective induction of cis- and trans-imide bonds into peptide backbones (2000)

A simple approach to several tripeptides consisting of two terminal glycine fragments and a central pipecolic acid derivative was found via a multicomponent reaction starting from tetrahydropyridines. The protected peptides 2a–g were formed in high yields and with different substitution patterns of the central heterocyclic amino acid. In cases where chiral imines were used the target compounds were obtained with remarkable diastereoselectivity. The influence of different substituents attached to the pipecolic acid fragment on N-terminal amide isomerism was investigated using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopic methods.
Dynamic Zoom-in Network for Fast Object Detection in Large Images (2018)

We introduce a generic framework that reduces the computational cost of object detection while retaining accuracy for scenarios where objects with varied sizes appear in high resolution images. Detection progresses in a coarse-to-fine manner, first on a down-sampled version of the image and then on a sequence of higher resolution regions identified as likely to improve the detection accuracy. Built upon reinforcement learning, our approach consists of a model (R-net) that uses coarse detection results to predict the potential accuracy gain for analyzing a region at a higher resolution and another model (Q-net) that sequentially selects regions to zoom in. Experiments on the Caltech Pedestrians dataset show that our approach reduces the number of processed pixels by over 50% without a drop in detection accuracy. The merits of our approach become more significant on a high resolution test set collected from YFCC100M dataset, where our approach maintains high detection performance while reducing the number of processed pixels by about 70% and the detection time by over 50%.
Mass Spectrometric Methods for Generation of Protein Mass Database Used for Bacterial Identification (2002)

The availability of a suitable database is critical in a proteomic approach for bacterial identification by mass spectrometry (MS). The major limitation of the present public proteome database is the lack of extensive low-mass bacterial protein entries with masses experimentally verified for most bacteria. Here, we present a method based on mass spectrometry to create protein mass tables specifically tailored for bacterial identification. Several issues related to the detection of bacterial proteins for the purpose of database creation are addressed. Three species of bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, and Citrobacter freundii, which can be found in the ambient environment, were chosen for this study. Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS analysis of each bacterial extract reveals 20-29 protein components in the mass range from 2000 to 20,000 Da. HPLC fractionation of bacterial extracts followed by off-line MALDI-TOF analysis of individual fractions detects 156-423 components. Analysis of the extracts by HPLC/electrospray ionization MS shows the number of detectable proteins in the range of 46-59. Although a number of components were common to the three detection schemes employed, some unique components were found using each of these techniques. In addition, for E. coli where a large proteome database exists in the public domain, a number of masses detected by the mass spectrometric methods do not match with the proteome database. Compared to the public proteome database, the mass tables generated in this work are demonstrated to be more useful for bacterial identification in an application where the bacteria of interest have limited protein entries in the public database. The implication of this work for future development of a comprehensive mass database is discussed.
Cooperative Fog Computing for Dealing with Big Data in the Internet of Vehicles: Architecture and Hierarchical Resource Management (2017)

As vehicle applications, mobile devices and the Internet of Things are growing fast, and developing an efficient architecture to deal with the big data in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has been an important concern for the future smart city. To overcome the inherent defect of centralized data processing in cloud computing, fog computing has been proposed by offloading computation tasks to local fog servers (LFSs). By considering factors like latency, mobility, localization, and scalability, this article proposes a regional cooperative fog-computing-based intelligent vehicular network (CFC-IoV) architecture for dealing with big IoV data in the smart city. Possible services for IoV applications are discussed, including mobility control, multi-source data acquisition, distributed computation and storage, and multi-path data transmission. A hierarchical model with intra-fog and inter-fog resource management is presented, and energy efficiency and packet dropping rates of LFSs in CFC-IoV are optimized.
An Investigation into the Determinants of Repurchase Loyalty in the E-Marketplace (2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence processes that shape buyers' repurchase loyalty in the e-marketplace. Based on a review of the literature addressing sales behavior, trust, satisfaction, and price fairness, and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), seven hypotheses were developed and then tested by means of a field survey among buyers who had completed transactions at the largest and most famous e-marketplace in Taiwan. Findings indicated that trust and satisfaction were the main factors influencing consumers' repurchasing loyalty in the marketplace. Practically, this research can help sellers identify and benchmark influence strategies to motivate buyers' repurchase intention and customize such strategies to best fit different situations.
Experimental and theoretical study of Penning ionisation of H<sub>2</sub>O by metastable helium He(2<sup>3</sup>S) (1985)

Combining experimental and theoretical information the authors develop a model for Penning ionisation of H2O by He(23S): the population ratio of the different ionic states depends on the orientation of H2O with respect to He*. A strong anisotropy of the He*+H2O energy surface makes this effect visible in the experimental electron energy spectrum.
Human papillomavirus type 16 viral load measurement as a predictor of infection clearance (2013)

Viral load measurements may predict whether human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infections may become persistent and eventually lead to cervical lesions. Today, multiple PCR methods exist to estimate viral load. We tested three protocols to investigate viral load as a predictor of HPV clearance. We measured viral load in 418 HPV16-positive cervical smears from 224 women participating in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study by low-stringency PCR (LS-PCR) using consensus L1 primers targeting over 40 known HPV types, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) targeting the HPV16 E6 and L1 genes. HPV16 clearance was determined by MY09/11 and PGMY PCR testing on repeated smears collected over 5 years. Correlation between viral load measurements by qRT-PCR (E6 versus L1) was excellent (Spearman's rank correlation, ρ = 0.88), but decreased for L1 qRT-PCR versus LS-PCR (ρ = 0.61). Viral load by LS-PCR was higher for HPV16 and related types independently of other concurrent HPV infections. Median duration of infection was longer for smears with high copy number by all three PCR protocols (log rank P<0.05). Viral load is inversely related to HPV16 clearance independently of concurrent HPV infections and PCR protocol.
Infrared Glass–Ceramics With Fine Porous Surfaces for Optical Sensor Applications (2007)

GeS 2 –Sb 2 S 3 –CsCl glass–ceramics with fine porous surfaces were synthesized and tested as optical elements. The porosity is obtained through a two‐step process, including controlled nucleation of CsCl nuclei in the glass matrix followed by selective etching of the nuclei with an acid solution. The porous surface is several hundred nanometers thick and results in a surface area increase of almost four orders of magnitude. The pores size is approximately 150 nm and can be tailored by controlling the nucleation process and the etching time. It is shown that the creation of the porous surface does not critically affect the optical transmission of these infrared (IR) transparent glass–ceramics. These materials can therefore be used for the design of optical elements and an attenuated total reflexion plate with porous surface was fabricated and tested as an optical IR sensor. The porous element shows higher detection sensitivity in initial experiments with an analyte sprayed at the plate surface and a coating of silane molecules.
Alternative-Current Field-Induced Forces and Their Biological Implications (1969)

Steady‐state, field‐induced forces on particles of microscopic size become significant at field strength values of the order of 100 v/cm. They include "pearl‐chain formation," i.e. the alignment of particles in the direction of the imposed field, and the orientation of nonspherical particles. The time constant, which describes the speed of these phenomena, depends on field strength, and particle and other parameters. For pulsed fields, a lower level of applied average power can suffice to evoke the phenomena mentioned. Biological implications include the possibility of nonthermal effects of biological significance.
“Just the Way You Are”: Linking Music Listening on Spotify and Personality (2020)

Advances in digital technology have put music libraries at people’s fingertips, giving them immediate access to more music than ever before. Here we overcome limitations of prior research by leveraging ecologically valid streaming data: 17.6 million songs and over 662,000 hr of music listened to by 5,808 Spotify users spanning a 3-month period. Building on interactionist theories, we investigated the link between personality traits and music listening behavior, described by an extensive set of 211 mood, genre, demographic, and behavioral metrics. Findings from machine learning showed that the Big Five personality traits are predicted by musical preferences and habitual listening behaviors with moderate to high accuracy. Importantly, our work contrasts a recent self-report-based meta-analysis, which suggested that personality traits play only a small role in musical preferences; rather, we show with big data and advanced machine learning methods that personality is indeed important and warrants continued rigorous investigation.
microRNA miR-144 modulates oxidative stress tolerance and associates with anemia severity in sickle cell disease (2010)

Although individuals with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS) share the same genetic mutation, the severity and manifestations of this disease are extremely heterogeneous. We have previously shown that the microRNA expression in normal and HbSS erythrocytes exhibit dramatic differences. In this study, we identify a subset of HbSS patients with higher erythrocytic miR-144 expression and more severe anemia. HbSS erythrocytes are known to have reduced tolerance for oxidative stress, yet the basis for this phenotype remains unknown. This study reveals that miR-144 directly regulates nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, a central regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress, and modulates the oxidative stress response in K562 cell line and primary erythroid progenitor cells. We further demonstrate that increased miR-144 is associated with reduced NRF2 levels in HbSS reticulocytes and with decreased glutathione regeneration and attenuated antioxidant capacity in HbSS erythrocytes, thereby providing a possible mechanism for the reduced oxidative stress tolerance and increased anemia severity seen in HbSS patients. Taken together, our findings suggest that erythroid microRNAs can serve as genetic modifiers of HbS-related anemia and can provide novel insights into the clinical heterogeneity and pathobiology of sickle cell disease.