gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism in the lipase genes of <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> strains (1994)

The fungus Geotrichum candidum produces extracellular lipases. Purification and characterization of different lipase isoforms from various G. candidum strains is difficult due to the close physical and biochemical properties of the isoforms. Consequently, the characterization of these enzymes and their substrate specificities has been difficult. We have determined the lipase genes present in four strains of G. candidum (ATCC 34614, NRCC 205002, NRRL Y-552 and NRRL Y-553) by molecular cloning and DNA sequencing. Each strain contains two genes similar to the previously identified lipase I and lipase II cDNAs. Our data suggest that no other related lipase genes are present in these strains. Each lipase-gene family shows sequence variation (polymorphism) that is confirmed by Southern-blot analysis. This polymorphism and the sequence differences between lipase I and lipase II have been localized within the previously determined three-dimensional structure of lipase II. Although most of the amino acid substitutions are located on the protein surface, some are present in structural features possibly involved in determining substrate specificity.
Expression and Function of Pluripotency Genes in Adult Stem Cells (2011)

In this chapter we will discuss the data published regarding expression of two key ESC transcription factors, Oct4 and Nanog, in adult stem cells. In an introduction, we will discuss what is known regarding these two genes during embryonic development, as well as the evidence existing for the presence of pseudogenes as well as alternative spliced forms of these two genes. We will also address the tools available (or not) to discriminate between these different forms of Oct4 and Nanog, and how these might help in elucidating in the future; whether adult somatic stem cells express the Oct4 and Nanog genes that are known to play a role in the self-renewal and pluripotency characteristics of ESC, and whether such expression plays a role in the potency of adult tissue derived stem cells.
Finger and gesture recognition with Microsoft Kinect (2012)

The Kinect is a cheap and wildly spread sensor array with some interesting features, such as a depth sensor and full body skeleton tracking.\n\nThe Kinect SDK does not support finger tracking; We have therefore created algorithms to find finger positions from depth sensor data. With the detected finger position we use dynamic time warping to record and recognize finger gestures.\n\nWe have created an API that can record and recognize finger gestures. The API was created with focus on ease of use and the possibility to customize and change core algorithms. Even the Kinect can be changed for other similar devices. This opens up a new field of applications utilizing the Kinect and finger gestures.
Antiinflammatory Activity of Vitamin E (1972)

By systemic administration of vitamin E, studies were made to see whether dextran edema in rabbits and histamine and acetylcholine reactions in human can be depressed. Also, whether its topical administration can attain the suppression of croton oil dermatitis in rabbits and human plaster dermatitis was examined. It was found that vitamin E had antiinflammatory action, especially an action to suppress the enlargement and severity of the inflammation. The effect of such action of vitamin E was thought to be due to inhibition action of vitamin E on liberation and production of chemical mediators, as a result of stabilization action of vitamin E on the membranes although some reservations have been made on the supporting factor that vitamin E may contribute to antispreading factor and suppressive action on acceleration of capillary permeability.
Real-Time Two-Dimensional Blood Flow Imaging Using Ultrasound Doppler (1987)

A newly developed two-dimensional blood flow imaging system which uses ultrasound is described, in which blood flow in a given cross section of a live organ is displayed in real time. To perform this, an autocorrelation technique is used. Obtained blood flow data are displayed in color on a TV screen superimposed on black/white tissue images. The flow direction, speed and variance are expressed by differences in color and brightness. Experiments were conducted with a mechanical and an electrical scanner and good agreement with the theory was obtained. Studies on clinical significance have also been carried out for normal and diseased hearts with successful results.
Teratocarcinoma cells as vehicles for introducing specific mutant mitochondrial genes into mice (1978)

The immediate purpose of the experiment was to establish a means of introducing specific mitochondrially encoded mutant genes into mice. Mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells were used as vehicles for the cytoplasmic markers because of their known capacity for normal somatic and germinal differentiation after injection into blastocysts. The mutation of choice, chloramphenicol resistance (CAP(R)), was first produced in a melanoma cell line by mutagenesis and selection. The CAP(R) trait was then transferred from a resistant melanoma cell to a sensitive (CAP(S)) teratocarcinoma cell by fusing to the latter only the cytoplasmic portion of the CAP(R) donor. This indirect route demonstrated the cytoplasmic provenance of the mutation. Protein synthesis in mitochondria isolated from the cybrid, or cytoplasmic hybrid, cells was barely affected by chloramphenicol, in contrast to the inhibitory influence of the drug on mitochondria of the parent teratocarcinoma line. Cells of the cybrid clone resembled teratocarcinoma cells and retained their ability to form diverse tissues in solid tumors produced from subcutaneous grafts. Cells from the tumors were retransplanted and were tested periodically by culture in chloramphenicol; they were found to be stably CAP(R) even after 16 weeks in vivo in the absence of the selective agent. The CAP(R) cybrids were microinjected into blastocysts of another inbred strain and, after transfer to foster mothers, mosaic mice were obtained. They comprised both cybrid- and blastocyst-derived cells in various tissues, as indicated by strain-specific nuclear markers. These results demonstrate successful normal differentiation of the CAP(R) lineage in vivo. Teratocarcinoma cybrids thus offer a practical portal of entry of preselected mitochondrial genes into mice. This will ultimately permit in vivo investigation of maternally transmitted traits, of mitochondrial genetic influences in specialized cells, and of possible roles of cytoplasmic genes in clinical and disease states.
Proteasome inhibition protects HT22 neuronal cells from oxidative glutamate toxicity (2005)

Oxidative stress caused by glutathione depletion after prolonged exposure to extracellular glutamate leads to a form of neuronal cell death that exhibits morphologically mixed features of both apoptosis and necrosis. However, specific downstream executioners involved in this form of cell death have yet to be identified. We report here that glutamate exposure does not activate caspase-3 in the HT22 neuronal cell line. Furthermore, no cytoprotection was achieved with either the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or the caspase-3-specific inhibitor DEVD-CHO. In contrast, inhibition of the proteasome by lactacystin protected both HT22 cells and rat primary neuronal cells against cell lysis. In parallel, oxidatively altered and ubiquitinated proteins accumulated in the mitochondrial fraction of cells after proteasome inhibition. These findings suggest that caspases can be decoupled from oxidative stress under some conditions, and implicate the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in neuronal cell death caused by oxidative glutamate toxicity.
Computer-aided design of microvasculature systems for use in vascular scaffold production (2009)

In vitro biomedical engineering of intact, functional vascular networks, which include capillary structures, is a prerequisite for adequate vascular scaffold production. Capillary structures are necessary since they provide the elements and compounds for the growth, function and maintenance of 3D tissue structures. Computer-aided modeling of stereolithographic (STL) micro-computer tomographic (micro-CT) 3D models is a technique that enables us to mimic the design of vascular tree systems containing capillary beds, found in tissues. In our first paper (Mondy et al 2009 Tissue Eng. at press), using micro-CT, we studied the possibility of using vascular tissues to produce data capable of aiding the design of vascular tree scaffolding, which would help in the reverse engineering of a complete vascular tree system including capillary bed structures. In this paper, we used STL models of large datasets of computer-aided design (CAD) data of vascular structures which contained capillary structures that mimic those in the dermal layers of rabbit skin. Using CAD software we created from 3D STL models a bio-CAD design for the development of capillary-containing vascular tree scaffolding for skin. This method is designed to enhance a variety of therapeutic protocols including, but not limited to, organ and tissue repair, systemic disease mediation and cell/tissue transplantation therapy. Our successful approach to in vitro vasculogenesis will allow the bioengineering of various other types of 3D tissue structures, and as such greatly expands the potential applications of biomedical engineering technology into the fields of biomedical research and medicine.
Shifting boundaries of public and private life (2011)

Th e Members of Parliament's expenses scandal is a recent and dramatic example of how the shift ing boundaries between public and private life are disrupting established practices and institutions and throwing whole areas of social and political life into disarray. While the distinction between the public and the private is by no means new, there is something new about the ways in which the domains of the public and the private have been reconstituted by the rise of mediated forms of communication in early modern Europe and by the subsequent proliferation of new information and communication technologies that has become a pervasive feature of our times.
Clinical analysis of nine patients with double primary breast and ovarian cancer (2018)

Objective
To summarize the clinicopathological features of nine patients with double primary breast and ovarian cancer, and explore the possible causes and prevention and treatment measures.


Methods
The clinical records of nine patients with double primary breast and ovarian cancer in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and the Central Hospital of Mianyang from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. They were followed up for 24-312 months, median 120 months.


Results
Among these patients, six patients firstly had breast cancer, two patients firstly had ovarian cancer and one patient had synchronal breast and ovarian cancer. Two patients received the detection of BRCA genes, including one with BRCA1 gene mutation. The first clinical symptom of the breast was mass in nine cases. The first clinical symptom of the ovary was abdominal distension in six cases, unusual vaginal bleeding in two cases and the mass in one case. Five patients with immunohistochemical results were ER negative, including four patients with triple-negative breast cancer. All patients underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer and chemotherapy, three patients received postoperative radiotherapy, one patient had endocrine therapy of tamoxifen after surgery and none received anti-HER-2 therapy. Except one patient who refused ovarian surgery, the other eight patients underwent the staging surgery of ovarian cancer. All patients received intravenous chemotherapy, three patients received intraperitoneal infusion chemotherapy and none received radiotherapy. The median age of onset in nine patients was 46 years old(range: 36-51 years). The median interval of the two cancers was 93 months(range: 0-300 months) and the median progression-free survival after the diagnosis of the second cancer was 19 months(range: 7-22 months). Seven patients had the recurrence or metastasis of ovarian cancer, and three patients died in the follow-up. The median interval of the two cancers in six patients without family breast/ovarian cancer history was 122 months while three patients with family history had a median interval of 21 months. Three patients who were diagnosed with the first cancer at the age<45 years had a median interval of 258 months between the onsets of two cancers; six patients who were diagnosed with the first cancer at the age≥45 years had a median interval of 36 months.


Conclusion
Patients with double primary breast and ovarian cancer have a young age of onset. Most patients have obvious clinical symptoms and advanced stage when they are diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The patients with family history tend to have a short median interval between the onsets of two cancers. These patients are mainly treated by surgery and chemotherapy.


Key words: 
Breast neoplasms; Ovarian neoplasms; Neoplasms, multiple primary
One-Pot Enantioselective Syntheses of Iminosugar Derivatives Using Organocatalytic <i>anti</i>-Michael−<i>anti</i>-Aza-Henry Reactions (2010)

Organocatalyst-controlled asymmetric anti-Michael reactions of (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)acetaldehyde with a range of nitroolefins, followed by an intermolecular aza-Henry reaction with imine, provided iminosugar derivatives with five contiguous stereocenters in very high enantiomeric excess in one pot. The stereochemistry of the aza-Henry reaction was substrate controlled and is explained by a six-membered cyclic transition-state model.
Medical Image Compression with Lossless Region of Interest Using Adaptive Active Contour (2012)

Problem statement: With increasing bandwidth, digital medical image storage and transmission is a boon to patients and health professionals alike. Medical images are available instantly and avoid the need to carry the data physically. Popular imaging techniques extensively used in medicine include X-Ray, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT). The images produced from the above techniques can be segregated into spatial regions with some regions more important for diagnosis compared to other regions. The region of interest for diagnosis is usually a small area compared to the whole image captured. Compression techniques play a very important role for fast and efficient transfer of medical images. Lossless compression techniques ensure no data loss but have the limitations of low compression rate. Lossy compression techniques on the other hand provide better compression ratios but the cost of wrong diagnosis is very high. In this study it is proposed to explore multiple compression techniques based on Region OF Interest (ROI). Approach: In this study a novel active contour method is proposed which is adaptive and marks the outer region of interest without edges. Based on the ROI, the active area of interest is compressed using lossless compression and the other areas compressed with lossy wavelet compression techniques. Results and Conclusion: Our proposed procedure was applied to different MRI images obtaining overall compression ratios of 70-80% without losing the originality in the ROI.
Developmental Defects and Male Sterility in Mice Lacking the Ubiquitin-Like DNA Repair Gene <i>mHR23B</i> (2002)

mHR23B encodes one of the two mammalian homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD23, a ubiquitin-like fusion protein involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Part of mHR23B is complexed with the XPC protein, and this heterodimer functions as the main damage detector and initiator of global genome NER. While XPC defects exist in humans and mice, mutations for mHR23A and mHR23B are not known. Here, we present a mouse model for mHR23B. Unlike XPC-deficient cells, mHR23B(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts are not UV sensitive and retain the repair characteristics of wild-type cells. In agreement with the results of in vitro repair studies, this indicates that mHR23A can functionally replace mHR23B in NER. Unexpectedly, mHR23B(-/-) mice show impaired embryonic development and a high rate (90%) of intrauterine or neonatal death. Surviving animals display a variety of abnormalities, including retarded growth, facial dysmorphology, and male sterility. Such abnormalities are not observed in XPC and other NER-deficient mouse mutants and point to a separate function of mHR23B in development. This function may involve regulation of protein stability via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and is not or only in part compensated for by mHR23A.
Acute otitis media: Part I. Improving diagnostic accuracy. (2000)

Acute otitis media is overdiagnosed. Symptoms are neither sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of otitis media; fever and ear pain are present in only one half of patients. Undue reliance on one feature--redness of the tympanic membrane--and failure to assess tympanic membrane mobility with pneumatic otoscopy contribute to inaccurate diagnoses. Adequate visualization of the tympanic membrane is often impaired by low light output from old otoscope bulbs and blockage of the ear canal by cerumen. Distinguishing acute otitis media from otitis media with effusion is clinically important because antibiotics are seldom indicated for the latter condition. A key differentiating feature is the position of the tympanic membrane: it is usually bulging in acute otitis media and in a neutral position or a retracted position in otitis media with effusion. Tympanometry and acoustic reflectometry can be useful adjunctive tools to confirm the presence of fluid in the middle ear. Selective use of tympanocentesis in cases of refractory or recurrent middle ear disease can help guide appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary medical or surgical interventions.
Breast Cancer Epigenetics: From DNA Methylation to microRNAs (2010)

Both appropriate DNA methylation and histone modifications play a crucial role in the maintenance of normal cell function and cellular identity. In cancerous cells these "epigenetic belts" become massively perturbed, leading to significant changes in expression profiles which confer advantage to the development of a malignant phenotype. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are the enzymes responsible for setting up and maintaining DNA methylation patterns in eukaryotic cells. Intriguingly, DNMTs were found to be overexpressed in cancerous cells, which is believed to partly explain the hypermethylation phenomenon commonly observed in tumors. However, several lines of evidence indicate that further layers of gene regulation are critical coordinators of DNMT expression, catalytic activity and target specificity. Splice variants of DNMT transcripts have been detected which seem to modulate methyltransferase activity. Also, the DNMT mRNA 3'UTR as well as the coding sequence harbors multiple binding sites for trans-acting factors guiding post-transcriptional regulation and transcript stabilization. Moreover, microRNAs targeting DNMT transcripts have recently been discovered in normal cells, yet expression of these microRNAs was found to be diminished in breast cancer tissues. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms which potentially lead to the establishment of a DNA hypermethylome in cancer cells.
Continuous Production of Biorenewable, Polymer‐Grade Lactone Monomers through Sn‐β‐Catalyzed Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2017)

The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is a key transformation for sustainable chemical synthesis, especially when H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> and solid materials are employed as oxidant and catalyst, respectively. 4-substituted cycloketones, which are readily available from renewables, present excellent platforms for Baeyer-Villiger upgrading. Such substrates exhibit substantially higher levels of activity and produce lactones at higher levels of lactone selectivity at all values of substrate conversion, relative to non-substituted cyclohexanone. For 4-isopropyl cyclohexanone, which is readily available from β-pinene, continuous upgrading was evaluated in a plug-flow reactor. Excellent selectivity (85 % at 65 % conversion), stability, and productivity were observed over 56 h, with over 1000 turnovers (mol product per mol Sn) being achieved with no loss of activity. A maximum space-time yield that was almost twice that for non-substituted cyclohexanone was also obtained for this substrate [1173 vs. 607 g(product) kg(catalyst)<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> ]. The lactone produced is also shown to be of suitable quality for ring opening polymerization. In addition to demonstrating the viability of the Sn-β/H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> system to produce renewable lactone monomers suitable for polymer applications, the substituted alkyl cyclohexanones studied also help to elucidate steric, electronic, and thermodynamic elements of this transformation in greater detail than previously achieved.
External and internal biphasic direct current shock doses for pediatric ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia* (2010)

The initial biphasic direct current external shock dose of 2 J/kg for VF or pulseless VT is inadequate. Appropriate doses for initial and subsequent shocks seem to be in the range of 3-5 J/kg. Multiple shocks do not favor ROSC. The dose for internal shock is 0.6-0.7 J/kg.
Physiological frailty index (PFI): quantitative in-life estimate of individual biological age in mice (2017)

The development of healthspan-extending pharmaceuticals requires quantitative estimation of age-related progressive physiological decline. In humans, individual health status can be quantitatively assessed by means of a <i>frailty index</i> (FI), a parameter which reflects the scale of accumulation of age-related deficits. However, adaptation of this methodology to animal models is a challenging task since it includes multiple subjective parameters. Here we report a development of a quantitative non-invasive procedure to estimate biological age of an individual animal by creating <i>physiological frailty index</i> (PFI). We demonstrated the dynamics of PFI increase during chronological aging of male and female NIH Swiss mice. We also demonstrated acceleration of growth of PFI in animals placed on a high fat diet, reflecting aging acceleration by obesity and provide a tool for its quantitative assessment. Additionally, we showed that PFI could reveal anti-aging effect of mTOR inhibitor rapatar (bioavailable formulation of rapamycin) prior to registration of its effects on longevity. PFI revealed substantial sex-related differences in normal chronological aging and in the efficacy of detrimental (high fat diet) or beneficial (rapatar) aging modulatory factors. Together, these data introduce PFI as a reliable, non-invasive, quantitative tool suitable for testing potential anti-aging pharmaceuticals in pre-clinical studies.
miR-320b suppresses cell proliferation by targeting c-Myc in human colorectal cancer cells (2015)

Our identification of c-MYC as a target gene of miR-320b provides new insights into the pathophysiology of CRC proliferation, and identifies miR-320b as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.