gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermography: A Technique for Subclinical Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis (1980)

Thermographic and radiographic evaluations of the tarsus (hock) were done on 20 Standardbred racehorses before and after exercise at three consecutive 6-week intervals. All horses were from the same stable and given the same care and training under identical schedules and conditions. Normal thermographic patterns were established before and after exercise. These patterns corresponded to the underlying tarsal vasculature. Postexercise thermal patterns indicated a warming trend, and the increases were uniform. Abnormal thermal patterns were more localized and did not conform to the normal underlying vascular distribution. Five of the 20 horses trained successfully and competed professionally, with 1 of the 5 showing abnormal thermographic changes. Four horses were too slow to race, and all of these had abnormal thermographic changes of their tarsi. The medial aspect of the right tarsus was more commonly involved than the lateral in these horses. Only one horse was clinically lame and exhibited thermal increases, as well as radiographic changes in the right tarsus. The remaining horses were removed from training due to miscellaneous causes. It was believed that the four horses that failed to make minimum track times (for racing) suffered discomfort in their tarsi sufficient to impair performance. This problem was attributed to early subclinical inflammatory changes within the joints. Though difficult to recognize radiographically, these early changes were conspicuous as abnormal thermographic patterns typical of inflammation.
The Evaluation of Activated Carbon in the Purification of Starch‐based Sweeteners (1981)

Abstract Activated carbon is used in the manufacture of starch‐based sweeteners such as glucose syrup, dextrose and isoglucose (HFCS) for purification and decolorization of these products. In this contribution the main production processes for activated carbon, that is steam activation and chemical activation are viewed, and the adsorptive properties of the resulting carbons are explained, based on standard adsorption tests (benzene adsorption, molasses number). Then the correlation between these properties and the aspects, that are important in the purification of starch‐based sweeteners is established. With the help of results from laboratory tests on glucose syrup using activated carbons with different adsorptive properties, their specific qualities are demonstrated, and criteria for the selection of an activated carbon are discussed. Finally some practical aspects of the application of activated carbon are viewed.
Bite Weight Prediction From Acoustic Recognition of Chewing (2009)

Automatic dietary monitoring (ADM) offers new perspectives to reduce the self-reporting burden for participants in diet coaching programs. This paper presents an approach to predict weight of individual bites taken. We utilize a pattern recognition procedure to spot chewing cycles and food type in continuous data from an ear-pad chewing sound sensor. The recognized information is used to predict bite weight. We present our recognition procedure and demonstrate its operation on a set of three selected foods of different bite weights. Our evaluation is based on chewing sensor data of eight healthy study participants performing 504 habitual bites in total. The sound-based chewing recognition achieved recalls of 80% at 60%-70% precision. Food classification of chewing sequences resulted in an average accuracy of 94%. In total, 50 variables were derived from the chewing microstructure, and were analyzed for correlations between chewing behavior and bite weight. A subset of four variables was selected to predict bite weight using linear food-specific models. Mean weight prediction error was lowest for apples (19.4%) and largest for lettuce (31%) using the sound-based recognition. We conclude that bite weight prediction using acoustic chewing recordings is a feasible approach for solid foods, and should be further investigated.
Relationship between Visceral Fat and PAI-1 in Overweight Men and Women before and after Weight Loss (1999)

This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between visceral fat accumulation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in healthy, obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. The subjects, 25 men and 25 premenopausal women, aged between 26 and 49 years, with an initial body mass index between 28 and 38 kg/m2, received a controlled diet for 13 weeks providing a 4.2 MJ/day energy deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. Our results show that before weight loss visceral fat was significantly correlated with PAI-1 in men (r = 0.45; p<0.05), but not in women (r = -0.15; ns). The association between visceral fat and PAI-1 in men remained significant after adjustment for age and total fat mass, and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant independent contribution of visceral fat to plasma PAI-1 levels. Both visceral fat areas and PAI-1 levels decreased significantly with weight loss in both men and women. Changes in visceral fat area were related to changes in PAI-1 in women (r = -0.43; p = 0.05) but not in men (r = -0.01; ns); however, this association in women disappeared after adjustment for total fat mass. We conclude that there is a relationship between visceral fat and PAI-1 in obese men but not in obese women, and that PAI-1 levels decrease substantially (52%) by weight loss, but this change is not related to changes in visceral fat mass per se.
A Self-rating Scale for Bulimia the ‘BITE’ (1987)

A new brief questionnaire, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), for the detection and description of binge-eating is described. Data from two separate populations demonstrate satisfactory reliability and validity. The scale has measures of both symptoms and severity. All items in the DSM-III definition of bulimia and Russell's definition of bulimia nervosa are covered but the questionnaire is more than just an operationalised checklist of these diagnostic criteria.
Impact parameter selected nuclear temperatures of hot nuclei fromexcited state populations for Ar-40+Au-197 reactions at E/A=25MeV (1997)

Nuclear temperatures extracted from excited state populations were Nuclear temperatures extracted from excited state populations were
Association of Adrenal Steroids With Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Blacks (2006)

Blacks have a high prevalence of hypertension and adrenal cortical adenomas/hyperplasia. We evaluated the hypothesis that adrenal steroids are associated with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Ambulatory blood pressures, anthropometric measurements, and measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, fasting lipids, glucose, and insulin were obtained in 397 subjects (46% hypertensive and 50% female) after discontinuing antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Hypertension was defined as average ambulatory blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg. Late-night and early morning salivary cortisol, 24-hour urine-free cortisol, and cortisone excretion were measured in a consecutive subsample of 97 subjects (40% hypertensive and 52% female). Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive subjects had greater waist circumference and unfavorable lipid profiles, were more insulin resistant, and had lower PRA and higher plasma aldosterone and both late-night and early morning salivary cortisol concentrations. Twenty-four-hour urine-free cortisol and cortisone did not differ. Overall, ambulatory blood pressure was positively correlated with plasma aldosterone (r=0.22; P<0.0001) and late-night salivary cortisol (r=0.23; P=0.03) and inversely correlated with PRA (r=-0.21; P<0.001). Plasma aldosterone correlated significantly with waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and the insulin-resistance index. Based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, 17% of all of the subjects were classified as having the metabolic syndrome. Plasma aldosterone levels, but not PRA, were elevated in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (P=0.0002). The association of aldosterone with blood pressure, waist circumference, and insulin resistance suggests that aldosterone may contribute to obesity-related hypertension in blacks. In addition, we speculate that relatively high aldosterone and low PRA in these hypertensive individuals may reflect a mild variant of primary aldosteronism.
C/EBPα and the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (2005)

There is evidence that impaired C/EBPalpha function contributes directly to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. Normal myeloid development and acute myeloid leukemia are now thought to reflect opposite sides of the same hematopoietic coin. Restoring C/EBPalpha function represents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies in acute myeloid leukemia.
Assimilation of Microseismic Data into Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Reservoir Models with Ensemble Kalman Filter (2013)

Abstract Hydraulic stimulation of tight unconventional and geothermal reservoirs has been observed to trigger microearthquakes (MEQs). Triggering of MEQ events has been linked to pore pressure, temperature, and in-situ stress variations. The resulting clouds of micro-seismic events are believed to carry information about the underlying coupled flow, geomechanics, and thermal processes and, hence, rock hydraulic and mechanical properties. We develop a framework for integrating microseismic events as monitoring data to infer reservoir property distributions. To model the reservoir stimulation and induced microseismicity, we use a fully coupled thermo-poroelastic model with coupled heat transport, fluid flow, and rock deformation capabilities as forward model and apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assimilate MEQ measurements. Because discrete MEQ events are not amenable to continuous estimation methods, we first use a kernel density estimation (KDE) method to convert the observed cloud of MEQ events into a continuous seismicity density map. We then apply a variant of the EnKF to integrate the resulting continuous seismicity density map to estimate heterogeneous hydraulic and geomechanical rock property distributions such as permeability, Young's modulus, tensile strength and Cohesion. We demonstrate that assimilating the large correlated datasets of seismicity density map with the EnKF can result in substantial loss of ensemble spread. To mitigate this issue, we investigate three alternative EnKF implementations: 1) dampening the changes introduced during the update, 2) projecting the microseismic data onto a low-dimensional subspace that is defined by left singular vectors of the perturbed observations matrix, and 3) using coarse-scale continuous representation of the microseismic data. We use numerical experiments to evaluate the performance of these methods.
Autothermal Reforming of Natural Gas to Synthesis Gas (2007)

This Project Final Report serves to document the project structure and technical results achieved during the 3-year project titled Advanced Autothermal Reformer for US Dept of Energy Office of Industrial Technology. The project was initiated in December 2001 and was completed March 2005. It was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA), Kellogg Brown & Root LLC (KBR) (Houston, TX) and Süd-Chemie (Louisville, KY). The purpose of the project was to develop an experimental capability that could be used to examine the propensity for soot production in an Autothermal Reformer (ATR) during the production of hydrogen-carbon monoxide synthesis gas intended for Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) applications including ammonia, methanol, and higher hydrocarbons. The project consisted of an initial phase that was focused on developing a laboratory-scale ATR capable of reproducing conditions very similar to a plant scale unit. Due to budget constraints this effort was stopped at the advanced design stages, yielding a careful and detailed design for such a system including ATR vessel design, design of ancillary feed and let down units as well as a PI&D for laboratory installation. The experimental effort was then focused on a series of measurements to evaluate rich, high-pressure burner behavior at pressures as high as 500 psi. The soot formation measurements were based on laser attenuation at a view port downstream of the burner. The results of these experiments and accompanying calculations show that soot formation is primarily dependent on oxidation stoichiometry. However, steam to carbon ratio was found to impact soot production as well as burner stability. The data also showed that raising the operating pressure while holding mass flow rates constant results in considerable soot formation at desirable feed ratios. Elementary reaction modeling designed to illuminate the role of CO2 in the burner feed showed that the conditions in the burner allow for the direct participation of CO2 in the oxidation chemistry.
The fungal T-2 toxin alters the activation of primary macrophages induced by TLR-agonists resulting in a decrease of the inflammatory response in the pig (2012)

T-2 toxin is known to be one of the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxins. Exposure to T-2 toxin induces many hematologic and immunotoxic disorders and is involved in immuno-modulation of the innate immune response. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of T-2 toxin on the activation of macrophages by different agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR) using an in vitro model of primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM). Cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin on PAM were first evaluated. An IC50 of 19.47 ± 0.9753 nM was determined for the cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin. A working concentration of 3 nM of T-2 toxin was chosen to test the effect of T-2 toxin on TLR activation; this dose was not cytotoxic and did not induce apoptosis as demonstrated by Annexin/PI staining. A pre-exposure of macrophages to 3 nM of T-2 toxin decreased the production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide) in response to LPS and FSL1, TLR4 and TLR2/6 agonists respectively. The decrease of the pro-inflammatory response is associated with a decrease of TLR mRNA expression. By contrast, the activation of TLR7 by ssRNA was not modulated by T-2 toxin pre-treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that ingestion of low concentrations of T-2 toxin affects the TLR activation by decreasing pattern recognition of pathogens and thus interferes with initiation of inflammatory immune response against bacteria and viruses. Consequently, mycotoxins could increase the susceptibility of humans and animals to infectious diseases.
In Situ Pinning of Hip for Stable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis on a Radiolucent Operating Table (2003)

Patients with stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) usually can ambulate at the time of diagnosis. Satisfactory results have been reported after percutaneous in situ pinning using a fracture table. The authors describe a technique to determine the skin-pin entry point for percutaneous pinning of the hip on a regular radiolucent operating table. The pin entry point determined by this modified method was reliable in 15 SCFEs in 13 patients. Pinning on a regular radiolucent table was much easier, without the need to transfer obese patients to a fracture table. It was also useful when a bilateral pinning procedure was performed using single draping. Obtaining modified frog-leg lateral radiographs in patients with a stable SCFE was not associated with avascular necrosis or chondrolysis.
Psychoactive bacteria<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>(JB-1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents (2012)

Mounting evidence supports the influence of the gut microbiome on the local enteric nervous system and its effects on brain chemistry and relevant behavior. Vagal afferents are involved in some of these effects. We previously showed that ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) caused extensive neurochemical changes in the brain and behavior that were abrogated by prior vagotomy. Because information can be transmitted to the brain via primary afferents encoded as neuronal spike trains, our goal was to record those induced by JB-1 in vagal afferents in the mesenteric nerve bundle and thus determine the nature of the signals sent to the brain. Male Swiss Webster mice jejunal segments were cannulated ex vivo, and serosal and luminal compartments were perfused separately. Bacteria were added intraluminally. We found no evidence for translocation of labeled bacteria across the epithelium during the experiment. We recorded extracellular multi- and single-unit neuronal activity with glass suction pipettes. Within minutes of application, JB-1 increased the constitutive single- and multiunit firing rate of the mesenteric nerve bundle, but Lactobacillus salivarius (a negative control) or media alone were ineffective. JB-1 significantly augmented multiunit discharge responses to an intraluminal distension pressure of 31 hPa. Prior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolished all of the JB-1-evoked effects. This detailed exploration of the neuronal spike firing that encodes behavioral signaling to the brain may be useful to identify effective psychoactive bacteria and thereby offer an alternative new perspective in the field of psychiatry and comorbid conditions.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Proximal Femur Simulating Spinal Root Compression (1982)

In a 6 1/2-year-old boy and a 9 1/2-year-old girl, spinal root compression was suspected on the basis of muscle wasting and weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and severe pain, all in a radicular distribution. However, extensive and invasive neuroradiologic evaluation failed to demonstrate compression of spinal roots. Only several months later was the correct diagnosis of osteoid osteoma reached. In one patient, the tumor was removed and on histologic examination groups of unmyelinated nerve fibers were found near the center of the tumor nidus, generally surrounding small arterioles. In the other patient parental consent was not given for the operation. The symptoms gradually subsided, although the typical radiologic features of the tumor went unchanged. The presence of unmyelinated autonomic nerve fibers in the nidus of osteoid osteoma may explain the severe pain commonly experienced by the patients. The spinal origin of such fibres can account for the radicular syndrome, while the localization of pain and sensory findings remote from the tumor site might be explained by a mechanism similar to that responsible for "referred pain."
Vowel recognition in noise for male, female and child voices (1991)

The effect of speaker adaptation in human recognition of speech in noise was investigated. A set of 15 vowels, in a /t/-vowel-/t/ context, was recorded for 5 male, 5 female, and 5 child speakers. Vowels were presented in a range of signal-to-noise ratios. Recognition scores were determined in three distinct conditions. In the first condition the material was presented per speaker. In the second, the speech items from speakers within one category (male, female, or child) were mixed. In the third, the items from all speakers were mixed. The three conditions were presented to groups of listeners in random order. The largest difference in threshold, found between the first and third condition, was only 2 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteomic analysis of the lungs of mice infected with different pathotypes of <scp>H</scp>5<scp>N</scp>1 avian influenza viruses (2012)

The virulence of influenza virus is determined by viral and host factors. Data on the genetic basis of the virulence of H5N1 influenza viruses have increased over the past decade; however, the contributions of host factors to the outcomes of H5N1 infection remain largely unknown. Here, we tested two chicken H5N1 viruses in mice and found that A/chicken/VN1214/2007 was nonlethal in mice and only replicated in the lung, whereas A/chicken/VN1180/2006 was highly lethal and replicated systemically in mice. To investigate the host response against these two different virus infections, we performed proteomic analysis by using 2D DIGE on the lung tissues of mice collected on days 1 and 3 postinoculation with different viruses or PBS as a control. Thirty-nine differentially expressed (DE) proteins related to "immune and stimulus response," "macromolecular biosynthesis and metabolism," and "cellular component and cytoskeleton" were identified in the virus-inoculated groups. Moreover, 13 DE proteins were identified between the two virus-inoculated groups, implying that these proteins may play important roles in the different outcomes of infection with these two viruses. Our data provide important information regarding the host response to mild and lethal H5N1 influenza virus infection.
Differential Gene Expression in the Developing Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Medial Geniculate Nucleus Reveals Novel Roles for Zic4 and Foxp2 in Visual and Auditory Pathway Development (2009)

Primary sensory nuclei of the thalamus process and relay parallel channels of sensory input into the cortex. The developmental processes by which these nuclei acquire distinct functional roles are not well understood. To identify novel groups of genes with a potential role in differentiating two adjacent sensory nuclei, we performed a microarray screen comparing perinatal gene expression in the principal auditory relay nucleus, the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN), and principal visual relay nucleus, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We discovered and confirmed groups of highly ranked, differentially expressed genes with qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. A functional role for Zic4, a transcription factor highly enriched in the LGN, was investigated using Zic4-null mice, which were found to have changes in topographic patterning of retinogeniculate projections. Foxp2, a transcriptional repressor expressed strongly in the MGN, was found to be positively regulated by activity in the MGN. These findings identify roles for two differentially expressed genes, Zic4 and Foxp2, in visual and auditory pathway development. Finally, to test whether modality-specific patterns of gene expression are influenced by extrinsic patterns of input, we performed an additional microarray screen comparing the normal MGN to "rewired" MGN, in which normal auditory afferents are ablated and novel retinal inputs innervate the MGN. Data from this screen indicate that rewired MGN acquires some patterns of gene expression that are present in the developing LGN, including an upregulation of Zic4 expression, as well as novel patterns of expression which may represent unique processes of cross-modal plasticity.
Scheduling Outpatient Services: A Linear Programming Approach (1990)

The Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) clinic at Reynolds Army Community Hospital, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, provides a wide range of specialty services for complicated obstetrical (OB) cases any many gynecological (GYN) cases to an estimated beneficiary population of more than 25,000 females. At present, the professional staff cannot handle the current demand for services. Because of this staffing constraint, many patients are referred to the Preferred Provider Network of OB-GYN physicians for necessary treatment under the Catchment Area Management Project (CAM). Under CAM, the hospital commander finances care provided both at Reynolds Army Community Hospital (RACH) and on CHAMPUS. The goal of the CAM demonstration project is to provide quality patient care at a demonstrated cost savings by managing treatment location. For treatment at RACH, the OB-GYN clinic Chief establishes a patient appointment schedule on the basis of experience with, and knowledge of, patient demographic data. This study outlines one method of determining which type of patient appointments should be seen at the OB-GYN clinic by using simultaneous mathematical models in the scheduling process. The objective is to provide the clinic Chief with a useful tool in templating a cost effective schedule.