gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm Study on The Seismic Coherence Cube Using Wavelet Transform (2002)

Abstract In this paper, two algorithms of calculating the seismic coherence cube are put forward using wavelet transform, based on the methods of Bahorich et al. and Marfurt etal. The first is a method of calculating the coherence cube from the instantaneous phase of wavelet transform by wavelet functions (or derivative wavelet functions) of simulating seismic wavelet. The second is a method of calculating the coherence cube from the real part and the image part of wavelet transform by above‐mentioned wavelet functions. In order to identify characteristics of small faults in structural interpretation of oilfields, the coherence cube is reconstructed by calculating coherence cube in frequency division. The calculations using realistic data show that the first method is more efficient than the second method for applications to oilfields.
NDM‐1, the ultimate promiscuous enzyme: substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism (2013)

The specter of a return to an era in which infectious disease looms as a significant threat to human health is not just hyperbole; there are serious concerns about the widespread overuse and misuse of antibiotics contributing to increased antibiotic resistance in pathogens. The recent discovery of a new enzyme, first identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae from a patient from New Delhi and denoted as NDM-1, represents an example of extreme promiscuity: It hydrolyzes and inactivates nearly all known β-lactam-based antibiotics with startling efficiency. NDM-1 can utilize different metal cofactors and seems to exploit an alternative mechanism based on the reaction conditions. Here we report the results of a combined experimental and theoretical study that examines the substrate, metal binding, and catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. We utilize structures obtained through X-ray crystallography, biochemical assays, and numerical simulation to construct a model of the enzyme catalytic pathway. The NDM-1 enzyme interacts with the substrate solely through zinc, or other metals, bound in the active site, explaining the observed lack of specificity against a broad range of β-lactam antibiotic agents. The zinc ions also serve to activate a water molecule that hydrolyzes the β-lactam ring through a proton shuttle.
Isolation, purification, immobilization of oxalate oxidase and its clinical applications. (1994)

Oxalate oxidase known to catalyse the aerobic oxidation of oxalic acid into CO2 and H2O2, has been found in bacteria, fungi, mosses and some higher plants. So far, a membrane bound oxalate oxidase from Pseudomonas sp. OX-53 and a soluble oxalate oxidase from seedling plants of barley and grain sorghum has been purified to homogeneity by conventional purification methods. The enzyme has been immobilized onto insoluble support such as nylon tubing, zirconia coated alkylamine glass, polyamide membrane, CO2 gas sensing electrode, H2O2 sensor probe and polyanionic electrolyte such as ethylaminemaleic anhydride (EMA). Compared to free enzyme the immobilized enzyme showed an increase in optimum pH, decrease in Vmax and time for maximum activity, higher resistance to inhibition by NaCl but no change in Km value. The immobilized enzyme has been used in both continuous flow system and discrete assays and in enzyme electrode for determination of oxalate in urine, blood and food stuff, which is essentially required for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urinary stones. The degradation of endogenous oxalate in rat by immobilized oxalate oxidase has opened a new vistas in enzyme therapy of hyperoxaluria.
[The biotransformation of the anticonvulsant 4-p-chlorophenylpyrrol-3-morpholino-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (AWD 140-076)]. (1993)

4-p-Chlorphenylpyrrole-3-morpholino-2-carboxylic acid methylester (1; AWD 140-076) is a substance with anticonvulsive properties. After p.o. administration in male wistar rats many metabolites in relatively small concentration are excreted in urine and faeces, six of them could be isolated and identified as quantitative dominating compounds. Compound 1 is attacked in different sites of the molecule by the cytochrome P-450 system. At the morphine ring N- and O-dealkylation reactions take place leading to the cleavage of the ring. After that a stepwise degradation by oxidative and reductive processes occurs. Further reactions concern the N-oxidation of the morpholine nitrogen as well as the hydroxylation of the pyrrole skeleton forming the main metabolites. 5 metabolites are also present as sulfate or glucuronide conjugates. The quantity ratio of the phase I to phase II metabolites amounts to 9:1. In the in vitro test system isolated perfused rat liver and rat hepatocytes culture solely the two main metabolites are formed. Compound 1 is characterized by enzyme inducing activities. The oxidative demethylation of p-nitroanisole is increased 4-fold after pretreatment.
Assessment of the Durability of Medical Examination Gloves (2004)

This study determined the durability of various types of medical examination gloves using a laboratory test developed by the researchers. Results of this testing are compared with a simulated clinical method, also developed by the researchers, found to produce failures at rates similar to actual clinical use. Ten types of exam gloves were tested. One set of gloves was tested using a glove durability method. A second set was worn and conditioned using a simulated clinical method for comparison. The third set consisted of a control set of gloves that were not stressed. Samples consisted of 100 gloves combined from 2 or 4 manufacturers. All gloves were water-leak tested as the last step. The glove durability method created failures at similar rates to the simulated clinical method. The majority of the defects were located in the finger regions of the gloves. Durability of powdered and powder-free vinyl gloves was inferior to that of other glove types tested, with failure rates ranging from 24% to 42%, compared with 3% to 17% for the other glove types tested. Glove durability was also affected by the powdered state of the gloves and the user having long fingernails.
A 32-Bit RISC Implemented in Enhancement-Mode JFET GaAs (1986)

This paper describes the design of a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) implemented in Gallium Arsenide using enhancementmode junction field effect transistors. The microprocessor chip is designed to implement the Stanford MIPS architecture using a four stage pipe. The chip contains 22 registers, a full barrel shifter, a 32-bit ALU and necessary control circuits. The processor is expected to operate with an average throughput rate in excess of 100 million instructions per second.
The electrochemical activity of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond thin film electrodes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe electrochemical activity of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond thin film electrodesGreg M. Swain and Rajeshuni. RameshamCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 4, 345–351Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00052a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00052a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2077Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cumulant-based inverse filter criteria for MIMO blind deconvolution: properties, algorithms, and application to DS/CDMA systems in multipath (2001)

Tugnait (1995) and Chi and Chen proposed multi-input multi-output inverse filter criteria (MIMO-IFC) using higher order statistics for blind deconvolution of MIMO linear time-invariant systems. This paper proposes three properties on the performance of the MIMO linear equalizer associated with MIMO-IFC for any signal-to-noise ratio, including (P1) perfect phase equalization property, (P2) a relation to MIMO minimum mean square error (MIMO-MMSE) equalizer, and (P3) a connection with the one obtained by MIMO super-exponential algorithm (MIMO-SEA) that usually converges fast but does not guarantee convergence for finite data. Based on (P2), a fast algorithm for computing the theoretically optimum MIMO equalizer is proposed. Moreover, based on (P3), a fast MIMO-IFC based algorithm with performance similar to that of the MIMO-SEA and with guaranteed convergence is proposed as well as its application to suppression of multiple access interference and intersymbol interference (ISI) for multiuser asynchronous DS/CDMA systems in multipath. Finally, some simulation results are presented to support the analytic results and the proposed algorithms.
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging of Acute Infarction: Comparison with Routine Diffusion and Follow-up MR Imaging (2018)

Purpose To determine the relationship between diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in patients with acute stroke at admission and the tissue outcome 1 month after onset of stroke. Materials and Methods Patients with stroke underwent DWI (b values = 0, 1000 sec/mm<sup>2</sup> along three directions) and DKI (b values = 0, 1000, 2000 sec/mm<sup>2</sup> along 20 directions) within 24 hours after symptom onset and 1 month after symptom onset. For large lesions (diameter ≥ 1 cm), acute lesion volumes at DWI and DKI were compared with those at follow-up T2-weighted imaging by using Spearman correlation analysis. For small lesions (diameter < 1 cm), the number of acute lesions at DWI and DKI and follow-up T2-weighted imaging was counted and compared by using the McNemar test. Results Thirty-seven patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 35-82 years) were included. There were 32 large lesions and 138 small lesions. For large lesions, the volumes of acute lesions on kurtosis maps showed no difference from those on 1-month follow-up T2-weighted images (P = .532), with a higher correlation coefficient than those on the apparent diffusion coefficient and mean diffusivity maps (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.730 vs 0.479 and 0.429). For small lesions, the number of acute lesions on DKI, but not on DWI, images was consistent with that on the follow-up T2-weighted images (P = .125). Conclusion DKI complements DWI for improved prediction of outcome of acute ischemic stroke. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2018.
Using electronic surveys: advice from survey professionals (2020)

The study reports the perceptions and recommendations of sixty-two experienced survey researchers from the American Educational Research Association regarding the use of electronic surveys. The most positive aspects cited for the use of electronic surveys were reduction of costs (i.e., postage, phone charges), the use of electronic mail for pre-notification or follow-up purposes, and the compatibility of data with existing software programs. These professionals expressed limitations in using electronic surveys pertaining to the limited sampling frame as well as issues of confidentiality, privacy, and the credibility of the sample. They advised that electronic surveys designed with the varied technological background and capabilities of the respondent in mind, follow sound principles of survey construction, and be administered to pre-notified, targeted populations with published email addresses. Accessed 73,957 times on https://pareonline.net from January 02, 2002 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Bayesian Detection of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Hot Spots (2011)

High-throughput genomics allows genome-wide quantification of gene expression levels in tissues and cell types and, when combined with sequence variation data, permits the identification of genetic control points of expression (expression QTL or eQTL). Clusters of eQTL influenced by single genetic polymorphisms can inform on hotspots of regulation of pathways and networks, although very few hotspots have been robustly detected, replicated, or experimentally verified. Here we present a novel modeling strategy to estimate the propensity of a genetic marker to influence several expression traits at the same time, based on a hierarchical formulation of related regressions. We implement this hierarchical regression model in a Bayesian framework using a stochastic search algorithm, HESS, that efficiently probes sparse subsets of genetic markers in a high-dimensional data matrix to identify hotspots and to pinpoint the individual genetic effects (eQTL). Simulating complex regulatory scenarios, we demonstrate that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches, in particular when the number of transcripts is large. We also illustrate the applicability of HESS to diverse real-case data sets, in mouse and human genetic settings, and show that it provides new insights into regulatory hotspots that were not detected by conventional methods. The results suggest that the combination of our modeling strategy and algorithmic implementation provides significant advantages for the identification of functional eQTL hotspots, revealing key regulators underlying pathways.
TUMOUR CELL MOVEMENT DURING HEATING AND HUMIDIFICATION OF INSUFFLATING CO<sub>2</sub>: AN <i>IN VITRO</i> MODEL (1998)

Heating and humidifying CO2 during in vitro laparoscopy does not increase the aerosolization of tumour cells when compared with dry CO2. However, the use of heated and humidified gas with airtight seals around the trocars in vitro may lessen cell deposition on trocars.
Inhibition of the In Vitro Replication of DNA by an Aptamer–Protein Complex in an Autonomous DNA Machine (2009)

DNA replication plays a central role in living organisms. Unregulated or uncontrollable DNA replication is well known to result in many pathological states, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and viral/bacterial infections. We report that an aptamer-protein complex could indirectly inhibit in vitro replication of DNA. An isothermal DNA machine based on the strand-displacement amplification is employed to support our assumption. An antithrombin aptamer sequence is rationally encoded into the DNA replication template. Once thrombin binds to the template, the as-formed aptamer-protein complexes can, in turn, become a barrier to the polymerase and inhibit the DNA replication activities in both static and dynamic modes. The inhibition is successfully confirmed by both fluorescence and gel-electrophoresis experiments. Considering the availability of a broad library of aptamers and the existence of various DNA/protein interactions, our results imply the possibility for the rational regulation of DNA replication in vivo.
Use-dependent block and use-dependent unblock of the delayed rectifier K+ current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes. (1993)

A voltage-clamp analysis of the effect of almokalant on the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) was made in rabbit ventricular myocytes. The two-suction pipette method was used, and appropriate voltage-clamp protocols were used to study more specifically use dependence, block development, and recovery from block. Almokalant interacted with the IK in two ways: it shifted the activation curve in the hyperpolarizing direction (stimulatory effect) and blocked the open IK channel in a use-dependent way (inhibitory effect). For 2-second voltage clamps to +20 mV, half-maximum block was obtained at 5 x 10(-8) mol/L, with a Hill coefficient of 1.76. Use-dependent block was related to an open-channel block that occurred at 0 mV with a time constant of 1.07 second and a rather slow recovery from block: at -50 mV, recovery time constant was approximately 10 seconds; at -75 mV, recovery was practically absent. The absence of an important recovery at negative membrane potentials is consistent with the hypothesis of the drug being trapped in the channel. A limited frequency-dependent block could be demonstrated. Use-dependent unblock was demonstrated by a rapid recovery from block during stimulation following complete washout of the drug. It is concluded that almokalant shifts the activation curve of IK in the hyperpolarizing direction, blocks the open channel, and is trapped by the closure of the activation gate.
Data integration flows for business intelligence (2009)

Business Intelligence (BI) refers to technologies, tools, and practices for collecting, integrating, analyzing, and presenting large volumes of information to enable better decision making. Today's BI architecture typically consists of a data warehouse (or one or more data marts), which consolidates data from several operational databases, and serves a variety of front-end querying, reporting, and analytic tools. The back-end of the architecture is a data integration pipeline for populating the data warehouse by extracting data from distributed and usually heterogeneous operational sources; cleansing, integrating and transforming the data; and loading it into the data warehouse. Since BI systems have been used primarily for off-line, strategic decision making, the traditional data integration pipeline is a oneway, batch process, usually implemented by extract-transform-load (ETL) tools. The design and implementation of the ETL pipeline is largely a labor-intensive activity, and typically consumes a large fraction of the effort in data warehousing projects. Increasingly, as enterprises become more automated, data-driven, and real-time, the BI architecture is evolving to support operational decision making. This imposes additional requirements and tradeoffs, resulting in even more complexity in the design of data integration flows. These include reducing the latency so that near real-time data can be delivered to the data warehouse, extracting information from a wider variety of data sources, extending the rigidly serial ETL pipeline to more general data flows, and considering alternative physical implementations. We describe the requirements for data integration flows in this next generation of operational BI system, the limitations of current technologies, the research challenges in meeting these requirements, and a framework for addressing these challenges. The goal is to facilitate the design and implementation of optimal flows to meet business requirements.
Enhanced biosensor performance for on‐site field analysis of explosives in water using solid‐phase extraction membranes (2001)

Abstract Biosensors, over the past decade, have demonstrated their utility in a number of environmental applications. One application has been trace‐level detection of energetic materials (i.e., explosives) in the soil, sediment, and waterways as a result of unexploded ordnances from past military exercises. A promising biosensor, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, has been designed to detect the explosives 2,4,6‐trinitrotoulene (TNT) and 1,3,5‐hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitrotriazine (RDX), utilizing a displacement immunoassay format. The fundamental principle of the biosensor relies on the specificity of the recognition element (e.g., antibody) to recognize and bind the explosive molecule, with subsequent release and fluorescence signal response by a cyanine‐5 labeled reporter complex. In recent analytical tests performed on environmental samples, erroneous signal responses and inaccurate quantitative measurements were obtained with the biosensor as a result of interference components in the environmental matrices. In this paper, we investigated the use of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) membranes for their efficiency to extract the explosives TNT and RDX in water samples to improve quantitative measurements conducted with the biosensor. Three SPE membranes were evaluated: (1) styrenedivinylbenzene‐extra clean (SDB‐XC) copolymer, (2) styrenedivinylbenzene‐reverse phase sulfonated (SDB‐RPS) copolymer, and (3) C‐18 octadecyl bonded silica (C18). Each SPE membrane was exposed to media containing the explosives TNT, RDX or both. Initial experiments were conducted to determine which SPE membrane and what elution solvent was most effective in the extraction of both TNT and RDX from water samples. Solvent extracts from the SPE membranes containing the explosive molecules were also analyzed using a reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography method (EPA SW846‐Method 8330). Experimental results using the SDB‐RPS membrane to extract TNT or RDX from groundwater or seawater consistently produced extraction efficiencies between 80 and 100%. Results also confirmed that combining the extraction capabilities of the SPE membrane improved the fluorescence signal response and accuracy of the biosensor twofold in comparison to previous analysis © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. * Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 272–280, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10007 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Removing linear phase mismatches in concatenative speech synthesis (2001)

Many current text-to-speech (TTS) systems are based on the concatenation of acoustic units of recorded speech. While this approach is believed to lead to higher intelligibility and naturalness than synthesis-by-rule, it has to cope with the issues of concatenating acoustic units that have been recorded at different times and in a different order. One important issue related to the concatenation of these acoustic units is their synchronization. In terms of signal processing this means removing linear phase mismatches between concatenated speech frames. This paper presents two novel approaches to the problem of synchronization of speech frames with an application to concatenative speech synthesis. Both methods are based on the processing of phase spectra without, however, decreasing the quality of the output speech, in contrast to previously proposed methods. The first method is based on the notion of center of gravity and the second on differentiated phase data. They are applied off-line, during the preparation of the speech database without, therefore, any computational burden on synthesis. The proposed methods have been tested with the harmonic plus noise model, HNM, and the TTS system of AT&T Labs. The resulting synthetic speech is free of linear phase mismatches.