gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies are associated with an increased odds ratio for thrombosis. A multicenter study with the participation of the European Forum on antiphospholipid antibodies. (2007)

A multicenter study was set up to evaluate the prevalence, clinical and biological significance of antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (aPE) in thrombotic patients with or without the main known clinical and biological risk factors for thrombosis. APE and antibodies, defined as the laboratory criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) -lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin and anti-beta(2)-GPI antibodies were measured in 270 patients with thrombosis (234 venous and 37 arterial) and 236 matched controls. APE were found in 15% of thrombotic patients compared to 3% of controls (p < 0.001) with no predominant isotype, no association with the main known clinical or biological risk factors for thrombosis neither with a type of thrombosis, arterial or venous. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis of antibodies, aPE showed the highest association with thrombosis (odds ratio [OR]: 4.2, p < 0.001). Moreover, using a multivariate analysis in a case-control subgroup study on 158 patients, IgGaPE were found to be significantly associated with venous thrombosis (OR:6;p = 0.005). Interestingly, 25 of the 40 aPE-positive patients (63%) were negative for the APS laboratory criteria. Most of them (21/25) had venous thrombosis, recurrent in ten of them. Four patients also suffered from early or late miscarriages. Our results underline the strength of the association between the presence of aPE and thrombosis and suggest their measurement in thrombotic patients, especially when lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin or anti-beta(2)-GPI antibodies are absent.
Weighted Max–Min Fairness for C-RAN Multicasting Under Limited Fronthaul Constraints (2017)

We consider downlink transmission in cloud radio access networks with multiple cochannel multicasting groups served by a group of remote radio heads (RRHs), which receive information from a base band unit via finite-capacity fronthaul links. Our aim is to jointly design RRH selection and beamforming vectors such that the minimum weighted data rate among users is maximized under the constraints of maximum transmit power and fronthaul capacity at each specific RRH. The problem is intractable due to the numerical difficulties of combination and nonconvex functions. Based on a semidefinite relaxation technique, bisection search, and a branch-and-bound method, we develop an upper bound, which is also the optimal solution to the original problem if the relaxation is tight. More importantly, we propose a heuristic low-complexity iterative procedure for practical applications based on the state-of-the-art sequential convex approximation. Subsequently, we modify the proposed methods for the uncertain channel state information case. To be specific, the upper bound and its suboptimal solution are altered based on the S-lemma while the low-complexity algorithm is tailored by using two different approximations of intractable robust counterpart. The validity of the proposed methods in the region of limited fronthaul capacity is confirmed by numerical results.
Molecular Mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling (1998)

I. Introduction II. Ligands and Receptors A. Ligands B. Receptors C. Receptor kinase signaling III. Smads A. Cloning of the Smads B. Smad regulation C. Smad nuclear function D. Smad structure E. Smads as negative regulators F. Smad-deficient mice G. Smads: an emerging model IV. TGF-β and the Cell Cycle A. TGF-β induction of the CKIs B. TGF-β-mediated decrease in Cdc25A levels in the breast epithelial cell line MCF10A C. TGF-β-mediated cyclin-CDK inhibition may be common strategy to arrest cells in G1 V. TGF-β and Cancer A. Receptor mutants B. Smad mutants C. Cell cycle mutants D. Multilevel resistance to TGF-β is important in multistep model of carcinogenesis VI. Conclusions
The submandibular glands: a role in homeostasis and allostasis (1995)

The salivary glands are important exocrine and endocrine organs, whose role in oral health is well recognized. Only within the last 15 years has it become apparent that these glands also contribute to maintenance of systemic health. Salivary gland polypeptides promote health and well-being by aiding in wound healing, mucosal protection, tissue and organ regeneration, and immunomodulation. It is proposed that salivary gland factors form an integral part of the body's homeostatic processes. In the their absence, a condition promoted by many diseases or by artificially removing the glands (sialadenectomy), oral and systemic health is jeopardized. When the salivary glands do not secrete their hormones properly the organism is no longer able to normally regulate several functions since important homeostatic mechanisms become dysfunctional. This breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms results in the establishment of an alternative state, that of allostasis, which is generally associated with illness or susceptibility to illness. It is proposed that the dysfunctional salivary glands facilitate the development of the pathologies associated with various disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and enhanced sensitivity to endotoxin. Biomedical Reviews 1995; 4: 61-69.
An intelligent approach to fault detection and identification (2005)

A new approach is proposed for improving the performance of an intelligent fault detection and identification scheme for dynamic systems. The methodology uses short time Fourier transform to analyze the frequency contents of the input signal in real time through a moving window. Measures of detectability and identifiability are defined for this algorithm. Finally experimental test and simulation results are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
A 0.016mm<sup>2</sup> 144&#x03BC;W three-stage amplifier capable of driving 1-to-15nF capacitive load with &#x003E;0.95MHz GBW (2012)

High-color-depth LCD drivers require nF-range capacitors as the charge reservoirs to handle the glitch energy during the conversion of the DAC [1]. The reference buffers based on multi-stage amplifiers can enhance the precision under low-voltage supplies, but are exposed to instability when loaded by such large capacitive loads (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ). Frequency compensation via damping-factor control [2] is capable of extending the C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> -drivability up to 1nF, however, at the cost of penalizing the power (426μW) and area (0.14mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Although recent works [3-4] have enhanced gain-bandwidth product (GBW) and slew rate (SR) showing better FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> (=GBW·C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> /Power) and FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> (=SR·C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> /Power), the C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> -drivability has not been improved (i.e., 0.8nF in [3] and 0.15nF in [4]). This paper describes a three-stage amplifier managed to afford particularly large and wide range of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> (1 to 15nF) with optimized power (144μW) and die size (0.016mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), being very suitable for compact LCD drivers [5] with different resolution targets. The design barriers are methodically surmounted via local feedback loop (LFL) analysis expanded from [6], which is an insightful control-centric method. Measured at 15nF C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , the attained FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> (FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ) is >;4.48× (>;2.55×) beyond that of the state-of-the-art (Fig. 21.6.1).
Mutational analysis of the first extracellular loop region of the H(+)-ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

Transmembrane segments 1 and 2 of the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase are believed to form a helical hairpin structure that is joined by a short extracytoplasmic loop. The hairpin head region (Ala135-Phe144) was probed using site-directed mutagenesis. Scanning alanine mutagenesis produced functional H(+)-ATPase at all positions except Leu138, Asp143, and Phe144. D140A and V142A gave strong hygromycin B resistance and low pH sensitivity suggesting a major kinetic defect in these mutant enzymes. Other amino acid substitutions, such as L138Y, were highly perturbing, while mutations S139E and D140E produced minor effects on phenotype. Small uncharged residues Gly and Ala, which were inserted between Leu138 and Ser139 to examine the importance of loop length on H(+)-ATPase function, were well tolerated, while the insertion of a polar Ser residue was highly perturbing. Other additions were not tolerated by the enzyme. These results suggest that the turn region has limited structural flexibility. The conserved Phe144 residue could be changed to Trp with a minor effect on phenotype. However, neither Tyr, Arg, nor small hydrophobic residues could substitute, suggesting that this region is closely packed and hydrophobic. ATP hydrolysis measurements showed that Vmax was significantly reduced in nearly all mutant enzymes, except D140E; whereas, Km values were nearly normal. Vanadate-sensitivity and pH profiles for ATP hydrolysis were nearly normal for all mutant enzymes except insertion mutant S138+. Mutants with extreme phenotypes (S138+, Tyr138) showed significantly altered medium acidification profiles. These results support the notion that the hairpin head region linking transmembrane segments 1 and 2 forms a tightly packed conformationally sensitive domain that is coupled to the catalytic ATP hydrolysis domain.
AN algorithm for robust non‐linear analysis of radioimmunoassays and other bioassays (1993)

The four-parameter logistic function is an appropriate model for many types of bioassays that have continuous response variables, such as radioimmunoassays. By modelling the variance of replicates in an assay, one can modify the usual parameter estimation techniques (for example, Gauss-Newton or Marquardt-Levenberg) to produce parameter estimates for the standard curve that are robust against outlying observations. This article describes the computation of robust (M-) estimates for the parameters of the four-parameter logistic function. It describes techniques for modelling the variance structure of the replicates, modifications to the usual iterative algorithms for parameter estimation in non-linear models, and a formula for inverse confidence intervals. To demonstrate the algorithm, the article presents examples where the robustly estimated four-parameter logistic model is compared with the logit-log and four-parameter logistic models with least-squares estimates.
Krull Modules (2013)

In this article, we generalize the concepts of several classes of domains (which are related to Krull domains) to torsion-free modules, and show that for a faithful multiplication module M over an integral domain R, M is a Krull module if and only if R is a Krull domain. Then we characterize Krull, Dedekind, and factorial modules.
Study on Catalytic Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells With Comparison to Gas Phase Reactions in Internal Combustion Engines (2010)

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the attractive feature to be able to make use of hydrocarbon fuels in their operation by reforming the fuel into pure hydrogen, either internally or externally. This can open up for a smoother transition from the existing hydro-carbon economy toward a more renewable hydrogen economy. Since both SOFCs and internal combustion (IC) engines can make use of hydrocarbon fuels, it is of interest to examine the major differences in their utilization of the hydrocarbons and investigate how this type of fuel contributes to the power output of the respective systems. Thereby, various advantages and disadvantages of their reactions are raised. It was shown that even though there are fundamental differences between SOFCs and IC engines, both types face similar problems in their designs. These problems mostly include material design and operation management, but even problems related to the chemical reactions, e.g., carbon deposition for SOFCs and pollutant formation for IC engines.
Theoretical Analysis of a Geis-Spindt Cold Cathode Diamond Emitter (1996)

A quantitative theory for the operation of a Spindt-type cold cathode emitter embedded in a thin diamond film doped with substitutional Nitrogen is presented. The device, recently developed by M. W.Geis and colleagues at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, is characterized by high field emission currents at low power. The theoretical model treats injection, by internal field emission, at the metal-diamond interface, transport through the diamond film and emission at the diamond-vacuum surface. The calculated 1-V characteristics agree well with the experimental results of Geis et al.
Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca <sup>2+</sup> -dependent K <sup>+</sup> channels (2013)

Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found abundantly in oily fish, may have diverse health-promoting effects, potentially protecting the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. However, the mechanisms underlying the purported health-promoting effects of DHA remain largely unclear, in part because molecular signaling pathways and effectors of DHA are only beginning to be revealed. In vascular smooth muscle cells, large-conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels provide a critical vasodilatory influence. We report here that DHA with an EC50 of ∼500 nM rapidly and reversibly activates BK channels composed of the pore-forming Slo1 subunit and the auxiliary subunit β1, increasing currents by up to ∼20-fold. The DHA action is observed in cell-free patches and does not require voltage-sensor activation or Ca(2+) binding but involves destabilization of the closed conformation of the ion conduction gate. DHA lowers blood pressure in anesthetized wild-type but not in Slo1 knockout mice. DHA ethyl ester, contained in dietary supplements, fails to activate BK channels and antagonizes the stimulatory effect of DHA. Slo1 BK channels are thus receptors for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and these fatty acids--unlike their ethyl ester derivatives--activate the channels and lower blood pressure. This finding has practical implications for the use of omega-3 fatty acids as nutraceuticals for the general public and also for the critically ill receiving omega-3-enriched formulas.
Novel patterned cell coculture utilizing thermally responsive grafted polymer surfaces (2001)

Here we demonstrate a novel cell coculture method without any apparent limitation in cell-type combinations that exploits thermally responsive polymer-grafted patterns to alter cell–cell and cell–surface interactions. Thermally responsive acrylamide polymer is first covalently patterned onto culture surfaces by masked electron beam irradiation. One cell type is then cultured to confluency at 37°C. Reducing cell culture temperature below 32°C selectively swells temperature sensitive polymer-grafted domains, detaching adherent cells only from these grafted patterns. Another cell type is then seeded over the same surface at 37°C. These subsequently seeded cells adhere only to the now-exposed polymer-grafted domains. Initially seeded cells remaining adherent on nonpatterned surfaces and cells added in the second seeding are then cocultured at 37°C in well-ordered patterns. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 55: 137–140, 2001
Site‐specific expression of CD11b and SIRPα (CD172a) on dendritic cells: implications for their migration patterns in the gut immune system (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) in the intestinal tract play a major role in directing the mucosal immune system towards tolerance or immunity. We analyzed whether different mucosal DC subsets in pigs have specific functions, localizations, or migration patterns in vivo. Therefore, we collected physiologically migrating DC by pseudo-afferent cannulation of the intestinal duct in eight Gottingen minipigs. Lymph DC were phenotypically and functionally characterized and compared to DC found on histological sections of porcine small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Four different DC subpopulations were detected. Lamina propria (LP) DC were mainly CD11b(+) signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha)(+), DC in Peyer's patches were mainly CD11b(-)/SIRPalpha(+) in subepithelial domes and CD11b(-)/SIRPalpha(-) in interfollicular regions, whereas MLN DC were largely CD11b(+)/SIRPalpha(-). Of these four subsets, only the CD11b(+)/SIRPalpha(+) DC and the CD11b(+)/SIRPalpha(-) DC were present in lymph. This suggests that DC migration to MLN largely originates from the LP. Lymph DC expressed high levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules and had a low capacity for FITC-dextran uptake, indicating a mature phenotype. However, lymph DC did not induce PBMC proliferation in MLR, and migration was not significantly influenced by mucosal antigen application.
Forced infiltration of silica beads into densely-packed glass fibre beds for thin composite laminates (2016)

The secondary filler particles were migrated by ultrasonic bubble implosion and microjetting. The migrated fillers facilitated stress transfer among the beads and fibres, and subsequently altered the thermo-mechanical properties to a great extent.
Roles of NAD / NADH and NADP+ / NADPH in Cell Death (2009)

A rapidly growing body of information has suggested that NAD (including NAD+ and NADH) and NADP (including NADP+ and NADPH) could be new fundamental factors in cell death: Many studies have indicated key roles of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases and sirtuins--two families of NAD-dependent enzymes--in cell death; and NAD may also affect cell survival by influencing mitochondrial permeability transition, apoptosis-inducing factor and GAPDH. NAD may further influence cell survival by its effects on calcium homeostasis, gene expression and immunological functions. Due to the crucial roles of oxidative stress in cell death, NADPH may mediate cell death by its major effects on oxidative stress: NADPH is a key factor in cellular antioxidation systems; and NADPH oxidase is also a major generator of oxidative stress. With growing information about the novel biological properties of NAD and NADP, it is likely that new roles of NAD and NADP in cell death and various diseases will be elucidated. The elucidation may not only improve our understanding about the fundamental mechanisms of cell death, but also suggest new therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases.
Collapsing solid potassium liner driven by axial magnetic field. (1980)

An experiment was undertaken on the θ-pinch collapse of a solid potassium liner in a temperature range of 10–57°C. The liner was 47 mm long and 3–4 mm thick with an outside diameter of 66 mm. The radial motion of the collapsing liner was analyzed by visco-plastic model. In the above range of temperature, assuming the potassium to behave as a Bingham fluid, the kinematic elongational viscosity and the yield stress of solid potassium were found to be roughly 2–4 m2/s and 4–5 bar, respectively, based on the experimental data obtained from the collapsed liner. The perturbed motion due to the Rayleigh- Taylor instability was also analyzed with account taken of the effect of viscosity. The kinematic shear viscosity obtained from the elongational viscosity is known to be of the order of 1 m2/s. The evidence would indicate that this shear viscosity is so large as to exert an inhibitive effect on the perturbations of higher mode (m≳10) under the present experimental conditions.
Characterization of a gastrin-type receptor on rabbit gastric parietal cells using L365,260 and L364,718 (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that gastrin and the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) stimulated in vitro acid secretion from isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells. Both peptides bind to receptor sites located on these cells and induce an increase in phosphoinositide turnover and an uptake of [14C]aminopyrine ([14C]AP) with the same efficacy and potency. In the present study, we used the 3-(benzoylamino)-benzodiazepine analogue L365,260 and the 3-(acylamino)-benzodiazepine analogue L364,718 to investigate what type of receptor (gastrin type or CCK-A type) is involved in the regulation of the H+ secretory activity of the rabbit parietal cell. Neither L365,260 nor L364,718 alone caused stimulation of [3H]inositol phosphates ([3H]InsP) production. Each analogue inhibited 125I-labeled gastrin or 125I-CCK-8 binding to parietal cells and gastrin- or CCK-8-induced [3H]InsP production and [14C]AP accumulation. In all cases, L365,260 was approximately 70-100 times more potent than L364,718 (IC50 approximately 2-4 nM for L365,260 and approximately 0.2-0.4 microM for L364,718). Nevertheless, each antagonist displayed the same potency to inhibit the effects of gastrin or CCK-8. These results demonstrate that gastrin and CCK-8 interact with the same "gastrin-type" receptor on parietal cells. Moreover, L365,260 behaves as a competitive antagonist of the action of gastrin on parietal cells. Gastrin induces a rise in the levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] within the first seconds after parietal cell stimulation. The fact that L365,260 (10 nM) totally suppressed the gastrin-induced formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 suggests the involvement of these isomers in the mediation of acid secretion through gastrin receptor activation.
Eine allgemeine Synthesemethode für Dibenzo[<i>b,j</i>][x,z]phenanthroline mit x,z = 1,7; 4,7 und 1,10 (1985)

A General Synthetic Method for Dibenzo[ b,j ][x,z]phenanthrolines with x,z = 1,7; 4,7, and 1,10 When 2‐aminoacetophenone ( 1 ) and 2‐aminobenzophenone ( 4 ) are reacted with 1,3‐, 1,2‐, or 1,4‐diiodobenzene, dibenzophenanthrolines 2, 6, 8 , and 10 with fusion patterns [ b,j ][1,7]; [ b,j ][1,10], and [ b,j ][4,7], respectively, are obtained either directly or after acid‐catalyzed cyclization of the primarily isolated intermediates 3, 4, 7 , and 9 .
J.-M. Charcot and simulated neurologic disease (2007)

Charcot provided an academically professional approach to the assessment of neurologic malingering, with a stern, often patronizing attitude, but without categorical condemnation. His diagnostic techniques are echoed by contemporary approaches and emphasized an attention to enhanced and inconsistent patterns of behaviors by malingerers.