gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency noise in graphene field-effect transistors (2011)

The low frequency noise has been studied in mechanically exfoliated single- and bilayer graphene deposited on Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> substrates. Measurements were performed in 2- and 4-probe configuration schemes. The analysis of the gate voltage dependences of noise showed that noise in graphene transistors does not comply with the McWhorter model. Aging of graphene transistors due to exposure to ambient resulted in increased noise attributed to the decreasing mobility of graphene and increasing contact resistance. The model linking noise in graphene to the mobility fluctuations is discussed.
Inverting the design path for self-assembled block copolymers (2017)

Recent success of inverse design methodologies in the realm of self-assembled materials has allowed us to envision an inverse path of discovery where we go from a desired target function to building blocks.
Designing, developing, and implementing a Web-based, database-driven learning system: the SunTAN experience (2002)

SunTAN (Sun Training Access Network) is a Web-based, database-driven training system now being deployed at Sun Microsystems Inc. The system provides a powerful virtual classroom learning environment for the company's technical and sales staff. SunTAN provides an array of functions aimed at enhancing users online learning experience, including user management, a course catalog, curriculum maps, and the competency appraisal program. SunTAN integrates these functions behind a single browser interface, delivering an on-demand, flexible, and easy-to-use learning environment. Furthermore, SunTAN's environment also handles all aspects of content delivery, management, and maintenance. Deployed over Sun's intranet, SunTAN has proven that a Web-based, database-driven training system can provide a timely, cost-effective, and efficient way to train employees in a wide geographical area with diverse needs in a short time period.
Band-gap narrowing and band structure in degenerate tin oxide (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) films (1991)

Films of tin oxide (${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$) were deposited on a quartz substrate by the chemical-vapor-deposition technique. Carrier densities in the range 6.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$--1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ were obtained by varying the thickness from 0.20 to 1.55 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The transmittance and reflectance were measured in the wavelength range 0.2--0.9 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The band gap as well as the transition width were found to increase with increasing carrier density. The present data, along with the results reported for ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ films by some other workers, have been analyzed by taking into account the narrowing, which is due to electron-electron and electron-impurity scattering, and the Burstein-Moss widening, which is due to the filled lower states in the conduction band. Experiment and theory are reconciled by assuming a valence-band effective mass \ensuremath{\sim}1.0${\mathit{m}}_{0}$. Adding the narrowing for different carrier densities to the observed widening at respective concentrations gives the actual Burstein-Moss widening. Other reported data for ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ films can be fit very well to the present effective-mass values. However, the intrinsic band gap ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}0}$ works out to be different for different workers and seems to be a function of deposition conditions. It is also shown that the narrowing at the center of the band is much higher than that corresponding to the Fermi wave number and the difference increases with ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{e}}$. A distortion in the shape of the bands is thereby expected at high carrier densities.
EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE: LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (2009)

Binder oxidation in pavements and its impact on pavement performance has been addressed by numerous laboratory studies of binder oxidation chemistry, reaction kinetics, and hardening and its impact on mixture fatigue. Studies also have included some work on binder oxidation and hardening in pavements and the effectiveness of maintenance treatments. Yet more such studies are needed to better understand the fundamentals of pavement performance as a function of climate and pavement parameters. Based on these reports in the literature, an experimental design has been developed to meet three objectives and to provide four products. The objectives are: 1) to develop and calibrate a laboratory test to assess binder aging during the production process and during the field service of the pavement; 2) to incorporate aging for use in a HMA mix design system to produce mixtures that provide adequate resistance to fatigue cracking, including guidelines to optimize resistance of HMA to aging; and 3) to evaluate the use of maintenance treatments to reduce the aging of asphalt pavements starting at early ages. The products: 1) a new test procedure to characterize binder aging, and predict service life for different applications; 2) an HMA mix design component that incorporates aging and its effect on resistance to fatigue cracking; 3) guidelines for optimizing HMA mixture resistance to aging; and 4) guidelines for the best maintenance treatments to reduce the aging of binders. The experimental design includes measurements of binder oxidation and hardening at various stages of binder service, fundamental studies of binder oxidation and hardening kinetics, developing a transport model of binder oxidation in pavements, measurements of field oxidation and hardening rates, measurements of mixture fatigue decline as a function of binder oxidative hardening in both the field and laboratory, and measurements of maintenance treatment effectiveness at retarding binder oxidative hardening.
<i>Quick piping</i> (2002)

Responding to marketplace needs, today's embedded processors must feature a flexible core that allows easy modification with fast time to market. In this environment, embedded processors are increasingly reliant on flexible support tools. This paper presents one such tool, called Quick Piping , a new, high-level formalism for modeling processor pipelines. Quick Piping consists of three primary components that together provide an easy-to-build, reusable processor description: Pipeline graphs-a new high-level formalism for modeling processor pipelines, pipe-- a companion domain-specific language for specifying a pipeline graph, pipe miner-- a compiler specification generator for pipe descriptions. pipe miner processes a pipe description and produces a compiler specification that is used to build a compiler that reads the corresponding machine's instruction set and automatically generates resource vectors .Despite their ubiquity and importance in achieving high performance in modern processors, pipelines--and improving the mechanisms for specifying their operation--have received little attention. Until now, handwritten resource vectors have served to specify information about a processor's pipeline and encode relevant information about each instruction's resource usage. Describing the complete set of resource vectors for a machine can be quite tedious and error prone, since it commonly must be developed by hand on an instruction-by-instruction basis.With its use of pipeline graphs, the pipe language, and the pipe miner compiler specification generator, Quick Piping gives the embedded processor architect and compiler writer an intuitive high-level abstraction of pipelines, a language for specifying a pipeline, and a tool for automatically producing pipeline resource vectors. The resulting specifications are quick to develop, easy to understand, simple to modify and maintain, and can be automatically processed to produce the low-level information required by processor control units and instruction schedulers.
Maternal‐specific demethylation and expression of specific alleles of zein genes in the endosperm of <i>Zea mays</i> L. (1995)

Zeins constitute 60-70% of maize endosperm protein. Zein genes are specifically transcribed in the endosperm, and a correlation has been established between tissue-specific expression and demethylation. Three inbred lines and their reciprocal crosses were analysed to assess for allele-specific differences in methylation, transcription and translation. DNAs from endosperm, embryo and seedling tissues analysed by cleavage with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and Southern blot hybridization with zein cDNA and genomic sequences show that specific demethylation of zein sequences occurs only in endosperm and is restricted to the maternal complements. Steady-state transcript accumulation of zein mRNA assessed by RNase protection assay reveals qualitative and quantitative differences among endosperm RNAs of the inbreds and of their reciprocal hybrids. Moreover, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of zein proteins identified polypeptides that are maternally imprinted in reciprocal crosses. These results indicate that endosperm-specific expression of specific zein alleles may occur via parental imprinting and disclose a possible role of methylation in regulating the expression of genes differently contributed in the endosperm by the maternal and paternal genomes.
Characterisation of a suspended nanowire channel thin-film transistor with sub-100 nm air gap (2011)

A novel suspended nanowire (NW) channel thin-film transistor (TFT) with sub-100 nm air gap has been fabricated and characterised. With a simple and low-cost over-etching-time-controlled reactive ion etching technique and a buffered-oxide etch wet-etching process, a suspended NW of 27 nm and an air gap of 10 nm were achieved. The resultant suspended-NW-channel TFTs showed an ultra-low subthreshold swing (52 mV/dec) and considerable hysteresis window (3.7 V). Finally, the impacts of device dimensions on the characteristics of suspended NW TFTs were also investigated.
Terahertz metamaterial with asymmetric transmission (2009)

We show that a planar metamaterial, an array of coupled metal split-ring resonators with a unit cell lacking mirror symmetry, exhibits asymmetric transmission of terahertz radiation (0.25--2.5 THz) propagating through it in opposite directions. This intriguing effect, that is compatible with Lorentz reciprocity and time reversal, depends on a directional difference in conversion efficiency of the incident circularly polarized wave into one of opposite handedness, that is only possible in lossy low-symmetry planar chiral metamaterials. We show that asymmetric transmission is linked to excitation of enantiomerically sensitive plasmons, these are induced charge-field excitations that depend on the mutual handedness of incident wave and metamaterial pattern. Various bands of positive, negative and zero phase and group velocities have been identified indicating the opportunity to develop polarization sensitive negative index and slow light media based on such metamaterials.
The Role of Extranuclear Signaling Actions of Progesterone Receptor in Mediating Progesterone Regulation of Gene Expression and the Cell Cycle (2006)

Human progesterone receptor (PR) contains a motif that interacts with the SH3 domain of Src and mediates rapid activation of Src and downstream MAPK (Erk-1/-2) without relying on the transcriptional activity of the receptor. Here we investigated the role and intracellular location of this nontranscriptional activity of PR. Progestin activation of Src/MAPK occurred outside the nucleus with the B isoform of PR that was distributed between the cytoplasm and nucleus, but not with PR-A that was predominantly nuclear. Breast cancer cells stably expressing wild-type PR-B or PR-B with disrupting point mutations in the SH3 domain binding motif (PR-BDeltaSH3) that do not affect the transcriptional activity of PR, were compared for effects of progestin on endogenous target gene expression and cell proliferation. Progestin induction of the cyclin D1 gene, which lacks a progesterone response element, was dependent on PR activation of the Src/MAPK pathway, whereas induction of the Sgk (serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase) gene that contains a functional progesterone response element was unaffected by mutations that interfere with PR activation of Src. Progestin induction of cell cycle progression was also abrogated in cells expressing PR-BDeltaSH3, and no effect of progestin on cyclin D1 expression and cell cycle was observed in the presence of PR-A. These results highlight the importance of PR activation of the Src/MAPK signaling pathway for progesterone-induced transcription of select target genes and cell cycle progression.
Experimental evaluation of a generic abstract interpretation algorithm for PROLOG (1994)

Abstract interpretation of PROLOG programs has attracted many researchers in recent years, partly because of the potential for optimization in PROLOG compilers and partly because of the declarative nature of logic programming languages that make them more amenable to optimization than procedural languages. Most of the work, however, has remained at the theoretical level, focusing on the developments of frameworks and the definition of abstract domains. This paper reports our effort to verify experimentally the practical value of this area of research. It describes the design and implementation of the generic abstract interpretation algorithm GAIA that we originally proposed in Le Charlier et al. [1991], its instantiation to a sophisticated abstract domain (derived from Bruynooghe and Janssens [1988]) containing modes, types, sharing, and aliasing, and its evaluation both in terms of performance and accuracy. The overall implementation (over 5000 lines of Pascal) has been systematically analyzed on a variety of programs and compared with the complexity analysis of Le Charlie et al. [1991] and the specific analysis systems of Hickey and Mudambi [1989], Taylor [1989; 1990], Van Roy and Despain [1990], and Warren et al. [1988].
Characterization of Growing Microorganisms in Soil by Stable Isotope Probing with H <sub>2</sub> <sup>18</sup> O (2007)

A new approach to characterize growing microorganisms in environmental samples based on labeling microbial DNA with H(2)(18)O is described. To test if sufficient amounts of (18)O could be incorporated into DNA to use water as a labeling substrate for stable isotope probing, Escherichia coli DNA was labeled by cultivating bacteria in Luria broth with H(2)(18)O and labeled DNA was separated from [(16)O]DNA on a cesium chloride gradient. Soil samples were incubated with H(2)(18)O for 6, 14, or 21 days, and isopycnic centrifugation of the soil DNA showed the formation of two bands after 6 days and three bands after 14 or 21 days, indicating that (18)O can be used in the stable isotope probing of soil samples. DNA extracted from soil incubated for 21 days with H(2)(18)O was fractionated after isopycnic centrifugation and DNA from 17 subsamples was used in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The TRFLP patterns clustered into three groups that corresponded to the three DNA bands. The fraction of total fluorescence contributed by individual terminal restriction fragments (TRF) to a TRFLP pattern varied across the 17 subsamples so that a TRF was more prominent in only one of the three bands. Labeling soil DNA with H(2)(18)O allows the identification of newly grown cells. In addition, cells that survive but do not divide during an incubation period can also be characterized with this new technique because their DNA remains without the label.
The CoNLL-2015 Shared Task on Shallow Discourse Parsing (2015)

Nianwen Xue, Hwee Tou Ng, Sameer Pradhan, Rashmi Prasad, Christopher Bryant, Attapol Rutherford. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task. 2015.
Carbon nanotube-based programmable devices for adaptive architectures (2010)

We show that optic ally-gated carbon nanotube field effect transistors can be used as 2-terminal like devices with light sensitivity and memory capabilities. In particular, their channel resistivity can be adjusted precisely, within a large range and memorized. These devices can thus be used as synapses in neural network type of circuits. We demonstrate experimentally these properties, build a device model and propose a circuit architecture, which allows very efficient parallel learning.
Physics research at the Radiochemical Centre (1967)

The Radiochemical Centre is an establishment of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, responsible for providing a comprehensive service of supply of radioisotopes and radioactive products for use in medicine, research and industry, and for doing this on a commercial basis. As the name suggests, chemistry rather than physics is the predominant discipline, but physics does play an important part in the work of the Centre and, in addition, some of the Centre's products (such as Mössbauer sources) make valuable contributions to physics research elsewhere. Most of the physics work at the Centre is grouped together under the control of a Departmental Manager.
Generation of continuous-time two integrator loop OTA filter structures (1988)

Generation of two integrator loop filter structures using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and capacitors (TAC) is presented. A direct block diagram approach is used to generate the TAC filter structures. The basic filter building blocks consist of a lossless integrator, lossy integrators and the three types of summers. They are implemented using OTAs as the active components. The resulting TAC second-order filter structures, some previously reported and others new structures, are generated in an orderly way. It is shown that the selection of the best structure depends on the particular application or design specifications. The generated TAC biquadratic structures are only very suitable for monolithic filters since typically only OTAs and two capacitors are needed. A TAC filter structure homologous to the conventional KHN op amp filter structure is presented. Programmability of omega /sub p/, Q/sub p/ and voltage gain is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coexistência de pioderma gangrenoso e hidradenite supurativa resultando em atraso diagnóstico (2021)

The coexistence of two auto inflammatory diseases is a real challenge for Dermatologists. Pyoderma gangrenosum and hidradenitis supurativa are two of this diseases and can be diagnosed in the same patient.
They are both rare diseases that have an important impact in the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, it is essential that doctors are able to diagnose them correctly so there won’t be any delays on the treatments.
.
Practical implications of nonlinear inversion for cross‐well electromagnetic data collected in cased‐wells (2008)

This paper first summarizes the theory of providing resistivity images from cross‐well electromagnetic (EM) measurements in metal cased holes. Metallic casing significantly attenuates EM signals. As a result, low frequencies are required to acquire useful EM signals in cased holes, which reduces the resolution within the inversion images. Comparison of casing materials shows that chromium steel casing attenuates the EM signals much less than carbon steel casing. Although cross‐well EM technology can be successfully applied in open/fiberglass‐to‐open/fiberglass and open‐to‐metal cased wells irrespective of the type of the casing, for casing‐to‐casing scenarios, cross‐well technology at this point is limited to chromium‐to‐chromium scenarios. Methods have been developed for the inversion of cross‐well EM data in cased holes using data ratios to remove effects, or including the casing coefficient as an unknown in the inversion. This paper investigates the spatial and frequency‐dependent sensitivity for different frequencies and inversion approaches for cross‐well EM data acquired in cased holes. The applicability and limitations of these approaches are demonstrated on synthetic data simulating a water flood.
Application design for wearable and context-aware computers (2002)

To effectively integrate wearable computers into ubiquitous computing environments, we must address several important challenges. How do we develop social and cognitive application models? How do we integrate input from multiple sensors and map them to users' social and cognitive states? How do we anticipate user needs? How do we interact with users? To address mobile-application design challenges, the authors created four user interface models that map problem-solving capabilities to application requirements.
Isolation and Identification of Novel Microcystin-Degrading Bacteria (2009)

Of 31 freshwater bacterial isolates screened using the Biolog MT2 assay to determine their metabolism of the microcystin LR, 10 were positive. Phylogenetic analysis (16S rRNA) identified them as Arthrobacter spp., Brevibacterium sp., and Rhodococcus sp. This is the first report of microcystin degraders that do not belong to the Proteobacteria.
Moving from gamma passing rates to patient DVH-based QA metrics in pretreatment dose QA (2011)

Gamma passing rate, even if calculated based on patient dose grids, has generally weak correlation to critical patient DVH errors. However, the PDP algorithm was shown to accurately predict the DVH impact using conventional planar QA results. Using patient-DVH-based metrics IMRT QA allows per-patient dose QA to be based on metrics that are both sensitive and specific. Further studies are now required to analyze new processes and action levels associated with DVH-based metrics to ensure effectiveness and practicality in the clinical setting.
Total Synthesis and Bioactivity of Resolvin E2 (2009)

Resolvin E2 is a potent anti-inflammatory compound, derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. The efficient total synthesis of resolvin E2 by taking advantage of its intrinsic pseudoenantiomeric substructures is reported. The synthetic resolvin E2 proved to be biologically active in blocking neutrophil infiltration and reducing proinflammatory cytokines in the acute peritonitis model.
Phytate ( <i>myo</i> -Inositol Hexaphosphate) and Risk Factors for Osteoporosis (2008)

Several risk factors seem to play a role in the development of osteoporosis. Phytate is a naturally occurring compound that is ingested in significant amounts by those with diets rich in whole grains. The aim of this study was to evaluate phytate consumption as a risk factor in osteoporosis. In a first group of 1,473 volunteer subjects, bone mineral density was determined by means of dual radiological absorptiometry in the calcaneus. In a second group of 433 subjects (used for validation of results obtained for the first group), bone mineral density was determined in the lumbar column and the neck of the femur. Subjects were individually interviewed about selected osteoporosis risk factors. Dietary information related to phytate consumption was acquired by questionnaires conducted on two different occasions, the second between 2 and 3 months after performing the first one. One-way analysis of variance or Student's t test was used to determine statistical differences between groups. Bone mineral density increased with increasing phytate consumption. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that body weight and low phytate consumption were the risk factors with greatest influence on bone mineral density. Phytate consumption had a protective effect against osteoporosis, suggesting that low phytate consumption should be considered an osteoporosis risk factor.