gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ELP3 Is Involved in Sexual and Asexual Development, Virulence, and the Oxidative Stress Response in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (2014)

Fusarium graminearum is an important fungal plant pathogen that causes serious losses in cereal crop yields and mycotoxicoses in humans and livestock. In this study, we characterized an insertion mutant, Z39R9282, with pleiotropic defects in sexual development and virulence. We determined that the insertion occurred in a gene encoding an ortholog of yeast elongator complex protein 3 (ELP3). Deletion of elp3 led to significant defects in sexual and asexual development in F. graminearum. In the elp3 deletion mutant, the number of perithecia formed was reduced and maturation of perithecia was delayed. This mutant also produced morphologically abnormal ascospores and conidia. Histone acetylation in the elp3 deletion mutant was reduced compared with the wild type, which likely caused the developmental defects. Trichothecenes were not produced at detectable levels, and expression of trichothecene biosynthesis genes were significantly reduced in the elp3 deletion mutant. Infection of wheat heads revealed that the elp3 deletion mutant was unable to spread from inoculated florets to neighboring spikelets. Furthermore, the elp3 deletion mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress than the wild type, and the expression of putative catalase genes was reduced. We demonstrate that elp3 functions in sexual and asexual development, virulence, and the oxidative stress response of F. graminearum by regulating the expression of genes involved in these various developmental processes.
Continuation or breakdown in tornado-like vortices (1977)

Laboratory experiments on swirling flows through tubes often exhibit a phenomenon called vortex breakdown, in which a bubble of reversed flow forms on the axis of swirl. Mager has identified breakdown with a discontinuity in solutions of the quasicylindrical flow equations. In this study we define a tornado-like vortex as one for which the axial velocity falls to zero for sufficiently large radius, and seek to clarify the conditions under which the solution of the quasi-cylindrical flow equations can be continued indefinitely or breaks down at a finite height. Vortex breakdown occurs as a dynamical process. Hence latent-heat effects, though doubtless important to the overall structure and maintenance of the tornado, are neglected here on the scale of the breakdown process. The results show that breakdown occurs when the effective axial momentum flux (flow force) is less than a critical value; for higher values of the flow force, the solution continues indefinitely, with Long's (1962) similarity solution as the terminal state. When applied to the conditions of the 1957 Dallas tornado, the computed breakdown location is in agreement with Hoecker's analysis of the observations.
Ecologically sustainable management: the utility of habitat surrogates for assessing terrestrial invertebrate diversity in temperate forests (1999)

The conservation of biological diversity is a foundation of ecologically sustainable management. To assess sustainability with regard to biodiversity conservation, forest managers are using forest type as a surrogate for ecosystem and species diversity. This paper investigates the applicability of this approach for invertebrate conservation in managed forests. As invertebrates comprise the bulk of the biodiversity in these systems it is important that they are effectively incorporated into any proposed reporting scheme. This research shows that specific forest types and their growth stages do not support characteristic arthropod assemblages and that composition of terrestrial arthropod communities is related to the structure and disturbance history of the ground layer.
Inactivation of the Interoceptive Insula Disrupts Drug Craving and Malaise Induced by Lithium (2007)

Addiction profoundly alters motivational circuits so that drugs become powerful reinforcers of behavior. The interoceptive system continuously updates homeostatic and emotional information that are important elements in motivational decisions. We tested the idea that interoceptive information is essential in drug craving and in the behavioral signs of malaise. We inactivated the primary interoceptive cortex in amphetamine-experienced rats, which prevented the urge to seek amphetamine in a place preference task. Interoceptive insula inactivation also blunted the signs of malaise induced by acute lithium administration. Drug-seeking and malaise both induced Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, in the insula. We conclude that the insular cortex is a key structure in the perception of bodily needs that provides direction to motivated behaviors.
Single-Chain Fv-Based Anti-HIV Proteins: Potential and Limitations (2011)

The existence of very potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) offers the potential for prophylaxis against HIV-1 infection by passive immunization or gene therapy. Both routes permit the delivery of modified forms of IgGs. Smaller reagents are favored when considering ease of tissue penetration and the limited capacities of gene therapy vectors. Immunoadhesin (single-chain fragment variable [scFv]-Fc) forms of IgGs are one class of relatively small reagent that has been explored for delivery by adeno-associated virus. Here we investigated the neutralization potencies of immunoadhesins compared to those of their parent IgGs. For the antibodies VRC01, PG9, and PG16, the immunoadhesins showed modestly reduced potencies, likely reflecting reduced affinities compared to those of the parent IgG, and the VRC01 immunoadhesin formed dimers and multimers with reduced neutralization potencies. Although scFv forms of neutralizing antibodies may exhibit affinity reductions, they provide a means of building reagents with multiple activities. Attachment of the VRC01 scFv to PG16 IgG yielded a bispecific reagent whose neutralization activity combined activities from both parent antibodies. Although the neutralization activity due to each component was partially reduced, the combined reagent is attractive since fewer strains escaped neutralization.
A Malignant Bronchoesophageal Fistula Diagnosed by Bronchoscopy Using Methylene Blue Ingestion (2000)

A 46 year-old man with esophageal carcinoma complicated by a bronchoesophageal fistula presented with recurrent pneumonia in the same lung field. Bronchoscopic examination ruled out an endobronchial lesion. The first bronchoscopy only showed purulent secretions in the lumen of the right B6. A second bronchoscopy using methylene blue ingestion showed the blue dye gushing from the lumen of the right B6, and a bronchoesophageal fistula involving the superior segment of right lower lobe and esophagus was diagnosed. This report shows the limitation of routine bronchoscopy and underscores the value of using methylene blue ingestion during bronchoscopy in patients suspected of having a bronchoesophageal fistula. Journal of Bronchology7:143-146, 2000.
Evening administration of melatonin enhances the pulsatile secretion of prolactin but not of LH and TSH in normally cycling women (1993)

Exogenous melatonin has a stimulatory effect on PRL release without affecting the temporal pattern of its pulsatile secretion in normal women. Melatonin has minor, if any, effect on TSH secretion whereas the effect on LH may depend on individual sensitivity.
Electronic PDA dietary and physical activity registers in a weight loss treatment program for children: A description of the ETIOBE Personal Digital Assistant System (2009)

Childhood obesity is a significant health problem in western societies. Self-monitoring techniques, such as the use of\ndietary and physical activity registers, are considered to be central to cognitive-behavioral weight control programs.\nTraditionally, these conventional diaries have been created using pen and paper, however, this technique has several\nlimitations. The objective of this paper is to describe an electronic Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) system for recording\nfood and physical activity for the treatment of childhood obesity. The authors review the benefits and limitations of\nsuch electronic diaries.
Proliferation-resistant nuclear power and other fairytales (2011)

The nuclear lobby routinely reduces complex sociotechnical problems to merely technical issues. This problem was addressed by physicist James Acton in the December 2009 issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Acton's article concerns the weapons proliferation risks associated with 'next generation' nuclear power concepts.
A multichip module design process for notebook computers (1993)

A packaging system design process for multichip modules (MCMs) is presented. The performance factors, cost factors, alternative packaging technologies, and packaging alternatives for daughter cards are discussed. The process is illustrated by applying to the design of a 80386SL chip that contains a 32-b integer central processing unit (CPU), memory management, bus control, and buffering, and a 82360SL companion chip that contains control functions for the system, I/O, peripherals, power management, and a majority of the glue logic required by the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES OF LIGHT FIDELITY BASED INDOOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (2016)

In this era of modern devices and high speed communication the issue of spectral overloading is increasing with time and becoming more serious. With the advancement in LED industry, light fidelity (Li-Fi) based indoor network is an attractive substitute for the existing radio frequency (RF) based communication networks. Because of its capability to perform dual function of lighting as well as high speed communication, Li-Fi is attracting both industrial as well as academic researchers. The Li-Fi networking paradigm offers performance enhancements which can make it an attractive backup option to be used for networking setup in Internet of things (IOT) and its indoor capabilities make it an attractive choice for large scale indoor communication in next generation wireless networking environment. This paper discusses key potentials of Li-Fi based indoor communication system and point out the challenges which indoor based Li-Fi network is facing under the knowledge of existing research work in the field of Li-Fi.
CCSDS telemetry channel coding: the turbo coding option (1998)

As of 1993 a new coding concept promising gains as close as 0.5 dB to the Shannon limit on Bit Error Rates was introduced by Berrou et al.The coding scheme called Turbo Coding 1 achieved immediately worldwide attention.After the first discussions in the May 96 Meeting of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), it was decided -in agreement with NASA and other national space agencies -to include a set of turbo codes in a new issue of the CCSDS telemetry channel coding recommendation.Turbo coding will be an add-on option to the recommendations without modifying the existing coding schemes and will retain compatibility with the CCSDS Packet Telemetry recommendation.Pink sheets updating the recommendation are currently being reviewed to formally establish turbo coding as an alternative to both Reed-Solomon and Convolutional coding for deep space and near-Earth missions.This paper presents the turbo codes that are being proposed for the recommendation, and their expected higher coding gain with respect to the present encoding schemes.
Identifying Delamination in Composite Beams Using Built-In Piezoelectrics: Part I—Experiments and Analysis (1995)

An investigation was performed on using piezoelectrics built into laminated composite structures to detect a delamination and estimate its size and location. Both experiments and analysis were conducted. In experiments, piezoceramics were attached to composite beams with and without an artificial delamination. Some of the piezoceramics were used as actuators to dynamically excite specimens while others were used as sensors to measure the beam responses. Tests showed that a delamination changed the measured piezo-induced dynamic forced response of beams. A delamination identification method is proposed which consists of a structural analysis, a response comparator, and a damage selector. The structural analysis was developed for predicting the output voltages of the sensors when a delaminated beam was excited by the actuators. The experimental results as well as the structural analysis are described in Part I of the study. In Part II, a response comparator and damage selector will be presented and will be integrated with the structural analysis for identifying delamination in composite beams with built-in piezoelectrics.
Scope of droplet size measurements in food emulsions by pulsed field gradient NMR at low field (2002)

Abstract Low‐field NMR instrumentation offers a user‐friendly and cost‐effective means for assessment of water and oil droplet size measurements in food emulsions. Examples are given of major food application areas, and these are supported with validation data in terms of precision and equivalence to other methods. The NMR method gives the same results as other techniques, such as microscopy, laser diffraction and electric sensing, but with similar or better precision. NMR distinguishes itself by a simple and non‐perturbing sample preparation procedure (in addition to the aforementioned advantages). For reliable results, the NMR parameters should be properly chosen and adjusted. A survey is given of experimental NMR parameters than can have an impact on the performance of water and oil droplet size determination. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning of a tumor promoter‐inducible mRNA found in JB6 mouse epidermal cells: Induction is stable at high, but not at low, cell densities (1987)

From the mouse JB6 epidermal cell line C122 we have isolated a cDNA clone representing a 1.6-kilobase mRNA, called 2ar, that exhibits a biphasic induction in response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The first phase of induction in subconfluent cells is transient, peaking at 6 h after the addition of TPA and returning to noninduced levels by 24 h. When the cells reach plateau density, in the continued presence of TPA, this mRNA is reinduced and remains so upon continued exposure to the tumor promoter. Serum and certain growth factors also induce 2ar mRNA in serum-deprived quiescent fibroblasts. In vitro nuclear "run-on" transcription experiments indicate that the induction of 2ar mRNA is controlled at the transcriptional level.
The combined roles of ADAMTS13 and VWF in murine models of TTP, endotoxemia, and thrombosis (2007)

Ultralarge von Willebrand factor (UL-VWF) multimers are thought to play a central role in pathogenesis of the disease thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); however, experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis has been difficult to establish. Therefore, to examine directly the requirement for VWF in TTP pathogenesis, we generated ADAMTS13-deficient mice on a TTP-susceptible genetic background that were also either haploinsufficient (Vwf+/-) or completely deficient (Vwf-/-) in VWF. Absence of VWF resulted in complete protection from shigatoxin (Stx)-induced thrombocytopenia, demonstrating an absolute requirement for VWF in this model (Stx has been shown previously to trigger TTP in ADAMTS13-deficient mice). We next investigated the requirements for ADAMTS13 and VWF in a murine model of endotoxemia. Unlike Stx-induced TTP findings, LPS-induced thrombocytopenia and mortality were not affected by either VWF or ADAMTS13 deficiency, suggesting divergent mechanisms of thrombocytopenia between these 2 disorders. Finally, we show that VWF deficiency abrogates the ADAMTS13-deficient prothrombotic state, suggesting VWF as the only relevant ADAMTS13 substrate under these conditions. Together, these findings shed new light on the potential roles played by ADAMTS13 and VWF in TTP, endotoxemia, and normal hemostasis.
Specificity Determinants of Recruitment Peptides Bound to Phospho-CDK2/Cyclin A<sup>,</sup> (2002)

Progression through S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by the action of the cyclin dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) in association with cyclin A. CDK2/cyclin A phosphorylates numerous substrates. Substrate specificity often employs a dual recognition strategy in which the sequence flanking the phospho-acceptor site (Ser.Pro.X.Arg/Lys) is recognized by CDK2, while the cyclin A component of the complex contains a hydrophobic site that binds Arg/Lys.X.Leu ("RXL" or "KXL") substrate recruitment motifs. To determine additional sequence specificity motifs around the RXL sequence, we have performed X-ray crystallographic studies at 2.3 A resolution and isothermal calorimetry measurements on complexes of phospho-CDK2/cyclin A with a recruitment peptide derived from E2F1 and with shorter 11-mer peptides from p53, pRb, p27, E2F1, and p107. The results show that the cyclin recruitment site accommodates a second hydrophobic residue either immediately C-terminal or next adjacent to the leucine of the "RXL" motif and that this site makes important contributions to the recruitment peptide recognition. The arginine of the RXL motif contacts a glutamate, Glu220, on the cyclin. In those substrates that contain a KXL motif, no ionic interactions are observed with the lysine. The sequences N-terminal to the "RXL" motif of the individual peptides show no conservation, but nevertheless make common contacts to the cyclin through main chain interactions. Thus, the recruitment site is able to recognize diverse but conformationally constrained target sequences. The observations have implications for the further identification of physiological substrates of CDK2/cyclin A and the design of specific inhibitors.
An analog CMOS network for Gaussian convolution with embedded image sensing (1990)

A circuit that samples an image in two dimensions and uses a resistive network to average it spatially according to a Gaussian weighting function whose width is controlled by an electronically variable resistor is described. A matrix of logarithmic photoreceptors fabricated on the surface of the IC drives currents into the nodes of a mesh consisting of appropriately ratioed positive and negative resistors. The resulting voltage distribution on the network nodes constitutes the smoothed image. No clocking or digital function is required in the action of the network. A prototype network of a 40*45 array of cells along a hexagonal grid is implemented in a standard 2- mu m p-well, double-metal, single-polysilicon CMOS process on a 7.9*9.2-mm die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inactivation and Mineralization of Aerosol Deposited Model Pathogenic Microorganisms over TiO<sub>2</sub>and Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

Air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. Deposition method and equipment have been developed to load Mycobacterium smegmatis , Bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza A (H3N2) virus on slides with undoped TiO(2) and platinized sulfated TiO(2) (Pt/TiO(2)). Inactivation dynamics was measured under UVA irradiation and in the dark. About 90% inactivation is reached in 30 min irradiation on TiO(2) and from 90 to 99.8% on Pt/TiO(2). The first-order inactivation rate coefficient ranged from 0.18 to 0.03 min(-1), over Pt/TiO(2) being higher than on TiO(2) for all microorganisms except Bacillus thuringiensis. The photocatalytic mineralization of Bacillus thuringiensis was performed on TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) with different photocatalyst and microorganism loadings. Completeness of mineralization depended on the TiO(2) to bacteria mass ratio. The rate of the photocatalytic carbon dioxide production grows with both the cell mass increase and the photocatalyst mass increase. Pt/TiO(2) showed increased rate of mineralization as well as of the inactivation likely due to a better charge carrier separation in the doped semiconductor photocatalyst. The results demonstrate that photocatalytic filters with deposited TiO(2) or Pt/TiO(2) are able to inactivate aerosol microorganisms and completely decompose them into inorganic products and Pt/TiO(2) provides higher disinfection and mineralization rates.
Structures and spectra of bis-tripodal iron(II) chelates, [FeL2]2+, where L = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane, tris(pyridin-2-yl)methane, bis(pyrazol-1-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)methane and tris(pyridin-2-yl)phosphine oxide. Magnetism and spin crossover in the (pz)3CH case (2000)

A range of six-co-ordinate bis-tripodal iron(II) chelates, [FeL2]2+, has been synthesized from iron-(II) or -(III) precursors where L = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane (pz)3CH, tris(pyridyl-2-yl)methane (py)3CH, bis(pyrazol-1-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)methane (pz)2(py)CH and tris(pyridin-2-yl)phosphine oxide (py)3PO. Crystal structures have been determined for three compounds and in the (pz)3CH case for two polymorphs (α and β) which were obtained in two different laboratories from iron(III) salts using different crystallisation solvents. The electronic properties of the [FeL2]2+ series have been investigated by optical spectroscopic measurements. Low-spin d6 behaviour is indicated. Magnetic and Mössbauer effect measurements on [Fe{(pz)3CH}2]2+ show that a gradual spin crossover to the high-spin state occurs above 270 K, though this is far from developed at 350 K. Comparisons are made with the well studied boron ligand analogue [Fe{(pz)3BH}2], which displays similar crossover behaviour, and with bis(tridentate) ligand complexes containing the ligand 1,4,7-triazacyclononane.
Synthesis of Enamides via Rh/C-Catalyzed Direct Hydroacylation of Ketoximes (2008)

Enamides were efficiently prepared via a novel Rh/C-catalyzed direct hydroacylation of ketoximes. Up to 88% isolated yield of enamides were obtained with this method. Subsequent asymmetric hydrogenation of the enamides with Rh/DuanPhos complex gave the corresponding chiral amine in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.7% ee).
“BARATHRUM” ANTEDATED IN FIELDING-YOUNG (1742) AND POSTDATED IN RANDOLPH (1651) (1975)

“BARATHRUM” ANTEDATED IN FIELDING-YOUNG (1742) AND POSTDATED IN RANDOLPH (1651) Get access PHILIP HINES, JR. PHILIP HINES, JR. Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 13-a–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/22-1-13a Published: 01 January 1975
Multi-robot team outdoor localization using active marker and high frequency signal sources (2011)

Localization of a mobile robot is a fundamentally first step and key algorithm to successfully perform formation control for the multi-robot team. Previous researches have been studied about the localization method in outdoor and indoor environment with various sensors. This paper describes and focuses on the localization of mobile robots outdoor terrain. Information based on the relative coordinate will be directly obtained among team members not required any landmarks and global positioning measurements GPS, magnetic compass and so on. Though a vision based approach commonly not used outdoor environment on account of natural illumination disturbances, we represent a new approach designed active marker to minimize the disturbance and fused high frequency source localization using TDOA algorithm. Proposed cooperative localization method will be proper to implement unknown or global poisoning system unavailable outdoor environment.