gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and dynamics of ghost pulses in strongly dispersion-managed fiber-optic communication systems (2001)

We investigate the nonlinear generation and dynamics of ghost pulses in high-speed strongly dispersion-managed fiber-optic communication systems. Particular consideration is given to the importance of system parameters for the properties of the emerging ghost pulses. Conclusions are drawn about the growth rate and the temporal position of the ghost pulses in different systems.
Using model predictive control and hybrid systems for optimal scheduling of industrial processes (2003)

Optimal (re)scheduling of production in industrial processes increases economic efficiency through timely and optimal use of limited resources. In this article an approach to scheduling based on the use of hybrid systems and model predictive control is presented. Modelling flexibility, acceptable computational times, and optimal disturbance rejection are the key advantages of the approach. The main ideas are illustrated with two industrial applications.
Intracellular Serotonin Modulates Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells by Protein Serotonylation (2009)

While serotonin (5-HT) co-localization with insulin in granules of pancreatic beta-cells was demonstrated more than three decades ago, its physiological role in the etiology of diabetes is still unclear. We combined biochemical and electrophysiological analyses of mice selectively deficient in peripheral tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1-/-) and 5-HT to show that intracellular 5-HT regulates insulin secretion. We found that these mice are diabetic and have an impaired insulin secretion due to the lack of 5-HT in the pancreas. The pharmacological restoration of peripheral 5-HT levels rescued the impaired insulin secretion in vivo. These findings were further evidenced by patch clamp experiments with isolated Tph1-/- beta-cells, which clearly showed that the secretory defect is downstream of Ca(2+)-signaling and can be rescued by direct intracellular application of 5-HT via the clamp pipette. In elucidating the underlying mechanism further, we demonstrate the covalent coupling of 5-HT by transglutaminases during insulin exocytosis to two key players in insulin secretion, the small GTPases Rab3a and Rab27a. This renders them constitutively active in a receptor-independent signaling mechanism we have recently termed serotonylation. Concordantly, an inhibition of such activating serotonylation in beta-cells abates insulin secretion. We also observed inactivation of serotonylated Rab3a by enhanced proteasomal degradation, which is in line with the inactivation of other serotonylated GTPases. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT regulates insulin secretion by serotonylation of GTPases within pancreatic beta-cells and suggest that intracellular 5-HT functions in various microenvironments via this mechanism in concert with the known receptor-mediated signaling.
A Comparison of Transmittance and Reflectance Pulse Oximetry During Vascular Surgery (2009)

The new reflectance forehead Spo(2) probe tested has acceptable agreement with the older transmittance probe placed on the earlobe for pulse oximetry within typical ranges of Spo(2) in patients undergoing vascular surgery.
On Using Twitter to Monitor Political Sentiment and Predict Election Results (2011)

The body of content available on Twitter undoubtedly contains a diverse range of political insight and commentary. But, to what extent is this representative of an\nelectorate? Can we model political sentiment effectively enough to capture the voting intentions of a nation during an election capaign? We use the recent Irish General\nElection as a case study for investigating the potential to model political sentiment through mining of social media. Our approach combines sentiment analysis using\nsupervised learning and volume-based measures. We evaluate against the conventional election polls and the final election result. We find that social analytics using\nboth volume-based measures and sentiment analysis are predictive and wemake a number of observations related to the task of monitoring public sentiment during\nan election campaign, including examining a variety of sample sizes, time periods as well as methods for qualitatively exploring the underlying content.
Impact of trichomoniasis on the cow-calf producer's profitability (1989)

Using current knowledge of bovine trichomoniasis, a computer spreadsheet simulation model was developed to contribute to the understanding of the disease dynamics and the disease's impact on calf crop, weaner calf production, and revenue returns. Two disease prevalence simulations were generated with the model. In each simulation, 200 susceptible cows were confined with 5 fertile bulls. In simulation 1, one bull was infected with Tritrichomonas foetus (prevalence, 20%); in simulation 2, 2 bulls were infected (prevalence, 40%). The remaining bulls in these groups were designated noninfected. The disease simulation outcomes for breeding and calving variables were compared with a similar but noninfected model group, simulation 0. The disease model predicted a reduction of 14 to 50% in annual calf crop, a prolonged breeding season, a reduction of 5 to 12% in the suckling/growing period, a reduction of 4 to 10% in pounds of marketable calf crop at weaning, a reduction of 4 to 10% in monetary return per calf born, and a substantial reduction of 5 to 35% in the return per cow confined with a fertile bull.
Quantification of the Surface Morphologies of Lactose Carriers and Their Effect on the in Vitro Deposition of Salbutamol Sulphate. (2000)

Application of the scanning probe microscopy technique for quantitative measurement of the surface roughness of lactose carriers was evaluated. The roughness values of four different lactose carriers were related to the in vitro deposition results of the drug, salbutamol sulphate. The rugosity values of the lactose carriers were represented by Ra values which were in the order of DCL-40>DCL-11>lactose 325M>lactose 200 M. In vitro deposition results using a twin impinger showed that rougher carrier surfaces generally allowed more drug particles to be emitted from the capsules and inhaler but the availability of the drug to stage 2 was reduced, as detachment of drug particles from the carrier surfaces was more hindered. There was an optimum Ra value for greater delivery of the drug particles to stage 2 of the twin impinger. A balance between adherence and detachment of the drug from the carrier surface was needed in order to optimize the delivery of a drug to the desired target sites using a dry powder inhaler.
Separation and Properties of Multiple Components of Bovine Growth Hormone (1966)

Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis at alkaline pH of bovine growth hormone preparations from a number of sources has revealed a common pattern characterized by a major anionic component and two minor faster moving components. Gel filtration studies of the hormone indicate that all three components are of similar molecular weight. A method has been developed for separation of the components by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex. All three components were biologically active and displayed similar amino acid compositions.
Far-field fluorescence nanoscopy of diamond color centers by ground state depletion (2009)

We report on two modalities of lens-based fluorescence microscopy with diffraction-unlimited resolution relying on the depletion of the fluorophore ground state. The first version utilizes a beam with a deep intensity minimum, such as a doughnut, for intense excitation followed by mathematical deconvolution, whereas in the second version, a regularly focused beam is added for generating the image directly. In agreement with theory, the subdiffraction resolution scales with the square root of the intensity depleting the ground state. Applied to the imaging of color centers in diamond our measurements evidence a resolving power down to ≈7.6 nm, corresponding to 1/70 of the wavelength of light employed. Our study underscores the key role of exploiting (molecular) states for overcoming the diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy.
A superconducting fault-current limiter (1978)

A conceptual design is presented for a fault-current limiter for the electrical power utilities which utilizes a superconducting element to commutate the fault current into a shunt resistor. The technical feasibility of the concept is supported by a computer simulation of the switching. A three-phase 145-kV 2-kA electrical system is considered in detail for ease of comparison with other fault-current limiters. Finally, the important advantages of such a fault-current limiter are pointed out, and the areas of additional research for the immediate future are indicated.
The SNS four-phase LEBT chopper (2003)

The Spallation Neutron Source front end incorporates a beam chopper in the LEBT that will remove a 295 ns section of beam at a 1.118 MHz rate (65% transmission) with less than 50 ns rise/falltime. The H/sup -/ beam pulse length is one ms at a 60-Hz rate (6% duty factor). The LEBT is all-electrostatic, and the chopper incorporates four 3-kV solid-state switches driving an einzel lens, split into quadrants, with a 4-phase chopping waveform. The suppressed beam is targeted on a four-segment Faraday cup which provides on-line intensity and steering diagnostics. Results of proton beam tests will be reported.
Self‐Assembly of a Dimeric Porphyrin Host (1994)

A large cavity is found in the remarkably stable, self-assembled dimers that form spontaneously from covalently linked zinc porphyrin/pyridine compounds. This cavity recognizes terephthalamides through the formation of hydrogen bonds (picture right; R = NH(alkyl), N(alkyl)2).
Plasma treatment of mammalian vascular cells: a quantitative description (2005)

For the first time, quantitative data was obtained on plasma treatment of living mammalian cells. The nonthermal atmospheric discharge produced by the plasma needle was used for treatment of mammalian endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The influence of several experimental parameters on cell detachment and necrosis was tested using cell viability assays. Interruption of cell adhesion (detachment) was the most important cell reaction to plasma treatment. Treatment times of 10 s were enough to detach cells in the cultured cell sheet. Under extreme conditions, cell necrosis occurred. Cell detachment without necrosis could be achieved at low voltages. It was shown that the thickness of the liquid layer covering the cells was the most important factor, which had more influence than treatment time or applied voltage. The results show no remarkable differences between the responses of the two cell types.
Practice parameters for the evaluation of chronic insomnia. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2000)

Chronic insomnia is the most common sleep complaint which health care practitioners must confront. Most insomnia patients are not, however, seen by sleep physicians but rather by a variety of primary care physicians. There is little agreement concerning methods for effective assessment and subsequent differential diagnosis of this pervasive problem. The most common basis for diagnosis and subsequent treatment has been the practitioner's clinical impression from an unstructured interview. No systematic, evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis exist for chronic insomnia. This practice parameter paper presents recommendations for the evaluation of chronic insomnia based on the evidence in the accompanying review paper. We recommend use of these parameters by the sleep community, but even more importantly, hope the large number of primary care physicians providing this care can benefit from their use. Conclusions reached in these practice parameters include the following recommendations for the evaluation of chronic insomnia. Since the complaint of insomnia is so widespread and since patients may overlook the impact of poor sleep quality on daily functioning, the health care practitioner should screen for a history of sleep difficulty. This evaluation should include a sleep history focused on common sleep disorders to identify primary and secondary insomnias. Polysomnography, and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) should not be routinely used to screen or diagnose patients with insomnia complaints. However, the complaint of insomnia does not preclude the appropriate use of these tests for diagnosis of specific sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movement disorder, and narcolepsy that may be present in patients with insomnia. There is insufficient evidence to suggest whether portable sleep studies, actigraphy, or other alternative assessment measures including static charge beds are effective in the evaluation of insomnia complaints. Instruments such as sleep logs, self-administered questionnaires, symptom checklist, or psychological screening tests may be of benefit to discriminate insomnia patients from normals, but these instruments have not been shown to differentiate subtypes of insomnia complaints.
Expression cloning of Pneumocystis carinii antigens. (1992)

We undertook expression cloning of Pneumocystis carinii antigens to overcome the difficulties encountered in purification of these antigens. Using monoclonal antibodies to the P. carinii gp120 antigen and polyclonal rabbit antiserum to rat-derived P. carinii, we have isolated cDNA clones encoding immunoreactive moieties. A cDNA clone encoding the 3' portion of a 45-55 kDa antigen of rat-derived P. carinii, was the most abundant clone isolated. The peptide encoded by this cDNA has a novel sequence with a repeated motif rich in glutamic acid residues. Affinity-purified antibodies to this peptide reacted with the 45-55 kDa band of rat-derived P. carinii. The fusion protein was recognized by serum antibodies from rats with natural exposure to P. carinii. The production of this recombinant protein should allow more detailed studies of the host-parasite relationship of this important opportunistic infection.
IGF-II is regulated by microRNA-125b in skeletal myogenesis (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of skeletal myogenesis, but our knowledge of the identity of the myogenic miRNAs and their targets remains limited. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel myogenic miRNA, miR-125b. We find that the levels of miR-125b decline during myogenesis and that miR-125b negatively modulates myoblast differentiation in culture and muscle regeneration in mice. Our results identify IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor 2), a critical regulator of skeletal myogenesis, as a direct and major target of miR-125b in both myocytes and regenerating muscles, revealing for the first time an miRNA mechanism controlling IGF-II expression. In addition, we provide evidence suggesting that miR-125b biogenesis is negatively controlled by kinase-independent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling both in vitro and in vivo as a part of a dual mechanism by which mTOR regulates the production of IGF-II, a master switch governing the initiation of skeletal myogenesis.
PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL (PSYCHOTIC?) BEHAVIOR IN MICE WITH LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE, AND ITS PARTIAL PREVENTION WITH CHOLINERGIC DRUGS AND SEROTONIN (1955)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Metabolic characterization of a CHO cell size increase phase in fed-batch cultures (2017)

Normally, the growth profile of a CHO cell fed-batch process can be divided into two main phases based on changes in cell concentration, being an exponential growth phase and a stationary (non-growth) phase. In this study, an additional phase is observed during which the cell division comes to a halt but the cell growth continues in the form of an increase in cell size. The cell size increase (SI) phase occurs between the exponential proliferation phase (also called the number increase or NI phase) and the stationary phase. During the SI phase, the average volume and dry weight per cell increase threefold linearly with time. The average mAb specific productivity per cell increases linearly with the cell volume and therefore is on average two times higher in the SI phase than in the NI phase. The specific essential amino acids consumption rates per cell remain fairly constant between the NI and the SI phase, which agrees with the similar biomass production rate per cell between these two phases. Accumulation of fatty acids and formation of lipid droplets in the cells are observed during the SI phase, indicating that the fatty acids synthesis rate exceeds the demand for the synthesis of membrane lipids. A metabolic comparison between NI and SI phase shows that the cells with a larger size produce more mAb per unit of O<sub>2</sub> and nutrient consumed, which can be used for further process optimization.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Amino-3-(3‘,4‘,5‘-trimethoxybenzoyl)-5-aryl Thiophenes as a New Class of Potent Antitubulin Agents (2006)

A new series of compounds in which the 2-amino-5-chlorophenyl ring of phenstatin analogue 7 was replaced with a 2-amino-5-aryl thiophene was synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity and for inhibition of tubulin polymerization and colchicine binding to tubulin. 2-Amino-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-5-phenyl thiophene (9f) as well as the p-fluoro-, p-methyl-, and p-methoxyphenyl substituted analogues (9i, j, and l, respectively) displayed high antiproliferative activities with IC50 values from 2.5 to 6.5 nM against the L1210 and K562 cell lines. Compounds 9i and j were more active than combretastatin A-4 as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Molecular docking simulations to the colchicine site of tubulin were performed to determine the possible binding mode of 9i. The results obtained demonstrated that antiproliferative activity correlated well with the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and the lengthening of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, a good correlation was found between these inhibitory effects and the induction of apoptosis in cells treated with the compounds.
Patterns of Cerebral Infarction in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2005)

Background and Purpose— The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution patterns of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the factors that determine their occurrence. Methods— We analyzed clinical and radiological data of 143 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH. Computed tomography scan revision was blinded to clinical information. Superficial infarctions were defined as territorial lesions with cortical involvement. Perioperative infarctions were excluded. Results— Fifty-six patients (39%) had cerebral infarctions. They were unilateral in 34 patients (61%) and involved a single territory in 29 (52%). Location was cortical in 34 patients (61%), deep in 10 (18%), and combined cortical and deep in 12 (21%). Single infarctions were cortical in 23 of 28 cases (79%). Deep territory ischemia was more common with multiple lesions (16/28, 57% versus 6/29 with single lesions, 21%; P <0.01). Single infarctions occurred frequently in the territory of the ruptured aneurysm (22/28 patients; 79%), whereas multiple infarctions were often distant to the site of rupture (21/28 cases, 75%). History of diabetes ( P =0.05), early hydrocephalus ( P =0.05), and requirement of external ventricular drainage ( P =0.02) were associated with the occurrence of multiple infarctions on univariate analysis. On multivariable analysis, this association only remained significant for the requirement of external ventricular drainage. Conclusion— The 2 most common patterns of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal SAH are single cortical infarction, typically near the ruptured aneurysm, and multiple widespread lesions including subcortical locations and often unrelated to the site of aneurysm rupture. These 2 patterns may represent different pathophysiological mechanisms or different degrees of severity of the same vascular process.
Mechanisms of Action of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents:<scp>DNA</scp>‐Interactive Alkylating Agents and Antitumour Platinum‐Based Drugs (2005)

First page of article


Keywords:

alkylating agents;
monofunctional agents;
bifunctional agents;
aziridines;
nitrogen mustards;
alkyl sulfonates;
chloroethylnitrosoureas;
platinum agents;
drug activation;
mechanism of action;
interstrand cross-link;
intrastrand cross-link;
DNA damage recognition protein;
tumour suppressor p53;
apoptosis
Nonsense mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene affect RNA processing. (1989)

Steady-state dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) mRNA levels were decreased as a result of nonsense mutations in the dhfr gene. Thirteen DHFR-deficient mutants were isolated after treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with UV irradiation. The positions of most point mutations were localized by RNA heteroduplex mapping, the mutated regions were isolated by cloning or by enzymatic amplification, and base changes were determined by DNA sequencing. Two of the mutants suffered large deletions that spanned the entire dhfr gene. The remaining 11 mutations consisted of nine single-base substitutions, one double-base substitution, and one single-base insertion. All of the single-base substitutions took place at the 3' position of a pyrimidine dinucleotide, supporting the idea that UV mutagenesis proceeds through the formation of pyrimidine dimers in mammalian cells. Of the 11 point mutations, 10 resulted in nonsense codons, either directly or by a frameshift, suggesting that the selection method favored a null phenotype. An examination of steady-state RNA levels in cells carrying these mutations and a comparison with similar data from other dhfr mutants (A. M. Carothers, R. W. Steigerwalt, G. Urlaub, L. A. Chasin, and D. Grunberger, J. Mol. Biol., in press) showed that translation termination mutations in any of the internal exons of the gene gave rise to a low-RNA phenotype, whereas missense mutations in these exons or terminations in exon 6 (the final exon) did not affect dhfr mRNA levels. Nuclear run-on experiments showed that transcription of the mutant genes was normal. The stability of mature dhfr mRNA also was not affected, since (i) decay rates were the same in wild-type and mutant cells after inhibition of RNA synthesis with actinomycin D and (ii) intronless minigene versions of cloned wild-type and nonsense mutant genes were expressed equally after stable transfection. We conclude that RNA processing has been affected by these nonsense mutations and present a model in which both splicing and nuclear transport of an RNA molecule are coupled to its translation. Curiously, the low-RNA mutant phenotype was not exhibited after transfer of the mutant genes, suggesting that the transcripts of transfected genes may be processed differently than are those of their endogenous counterparts.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. PART 76. AMINOPROPYLBENZENECARBOXYLIC ESTERS AND TETRAHYDROAZOCINES FROM TETRAHYDROPYRIDINES AND ACETYLENIC ESTERS (1982)

Abstract Umsetzung der Amide (I) mit dem Diester (II) liefert die Verbindungen (III) und (IV); aus (Ia) bzw. (Ib) werden außerdem die Produkte (Va) + (VI) bzw. (Vb) gebildet.