gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A VQ-based preprocessor using cepstral dynamic features for speaker-independent large vocabulary word recognition (1988)

A VQ (vector quantization)-based preprocessor is proposed which reduces the amount of computation in speaker-independent large-vocabulary isolated-word recognition. The features introduced here are the use of a universal codebook in the VQ-based preprocessor and the use of multiple feature sets including cepstral dynamic features. Word-specific codebooks are used for front-end preprocessing to eliminate word candidates whose distance scores are large. A dynamic time-warping (DTW) processor based on a word dictionary, in which each word is represented as a time sequence of the universal codebook elements (SPLIT method), then resolves the choice among the remaining word candidates. Recognition experiments using a database consisting of words from a vocabulary of 100 Japanese city names uttered by 20 male speakers confirmed the effectiveness of this method. The total amount of calculation necessary in this condition is almost 1/10 of that without preprocessing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium‐force relationships as detected with aequorin in two different vascular smooth muscles of the ferret. (1985)

The bioluminescent calcium indicator aequorin was chemically loaded into isolated strips of ferret portal vein and ferret aorta. Aequorin light emission (a function of [Ca2+]i) was recorded simultaneously with tension. Assuming an [Mg2+]i of 0.5 mM, [Ca2+]i was 1.8 X 10(-7) M in the unstimulated portal vein at 22 degrees C where there was negligible resting tone. In contrast, in the unstimulated aorta at 22 degrees C where there was significant basal tone, the [Ca2+]i was 2.7 X 10(-7) M. In both portal vein and aorta, potassium depolarization caused a monophasic rise in intracellular Ca2+ in parallel with the rise in tension, whereas phenylephrine caused an initial spike of light during the period of the force development which then fell to a much lower plateau level during the period of force maintenance. Calcium-force curves were generated by plotting calibrated aequorin light against force while intracellular [Ca2+] was made to change either by increasing degrees of potassium depolarization or decreasing extracellular [Ca2+]. The steady-state calcium-force curve in the presence of phenylephrine was shifted to the left of the curve in the presence of potassium depolarization in both the portal vein and aorta. In the aorta there was a counter-clockwise hysteresis in the calcium-force relationship. In contrast, in the portal vein there was no demonstrable hysteresis, indicating that the apparent change in calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in the presence of phenylephrine must be caused by a second messenger other than calcium.
Texture based feature extraction: Application to burn scar detection in Earth observation satellite sensor imagery (2002)

A single band texture-based burn scar identification algorithm incorporating the use of grey level co-occurrence matrices with a low pass filtering technique is described and demonstrated using 1km resolution ATSR-2 imagery of burned savannas in southern Sudan. The algorithm results are compared to those produced by the iterative intensity-based isodata classification technique. The accuracy of each of these methods was evaluated by comparison with 18 m spatial resolution imagery. For a set of 22 sample fire scars of varying area Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.75 and 0.94 were obtained between the burnt area statistics produced with the low-spatial resolution texture and isodata methods respectively and those produced using the high-resolution data. The classification quality, as described by the Kappa (k) statistic, produced values of k(TEXTURE) =0.558 and k(ISODATA) =0.852. Texture is shown to be an image variable capable of highlighting burned area in low spatial resolution imagery, but the currently tested approach offers no accuracy of quality benefit over the solely intensity-based method.
All-optical bit pattern generation and matching at 10 Gbit/s (1996)

Summary form only given. In conclusion we have demonstrated all-optical pattern generation and matching at 10 Gbit/s. We have employed a fiber loop memory as the pattern generator and a (nonlinear optical loop mirror) NOLM-based XOR gate as the optical matching circuit. We have demonstrated a contrast ratio greater than 20:1 in a dual input XOR gate. We believe this system will be useful for testing novel, high-speed optical components.
Highly Thermal Conductive Copper Nanowire Composites with Ultralow Loading: Toward Applications as Thermal Interface Materials (2014)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are of ever-rising importance with the development of modern microelectronic devices. However, traditional TIMs exhibit low thermal conductivity even at high loading fractions. The use of high-aspect-ratio material is beneficial to achieve low percolation threshold for nanocomposites. In this work, single crystalline copper nanowires with large aspect ratio were used as filling materials for the first time. A thermal conductivity of 2.46 W/mK was obtained at an ultralow loading fraction, ∼0.9 vol %, which was enhanced by 1350% compared with plain matrix. Such an excellent performance makes copper nanowires attractive fillers for high-performance TIMs.
Infrared Plasmonics with Indium–Tin-Oxide Nanorod Arrays (2011)

This article reports the study of infrared plasmonics with both random and periodic arrays of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanorods (NR). A description is given on the synthesis, patterning, and characterization of physical properties of the ITO NR arrays. A classical scattering model, along with a 3-D finite-element-method and a 3-D finite-difference-time-domain numerical simulation method has been used to interpret the unique light scattering phenomena. It is also shown that the intrinsic plasma frequency can be varied through careful postsynthesis processing of the ITO NRs. Examples are given on how coupled plasmon resonances can be tuned through patterning of the ITO NR arrays. In addition, environment dielectric sensing has been demonstrated through the shift of the resonances as a result of index change surrounding the NRs. These initial results suggest potential for further improvement and opportunities to develop a good understanding of infrared plasmonics using ITO and other transparent conducting oxide semiconducting materials.
Short-range biological standoff detection system (SR-BSDS) (2000)

US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, with contractor Fibertek, Inc., Herndon, VA, is developing a multiwavelength lidar system to provide detection and discrimination ofpotential Biological Warfare (BW) clouds at standoff distances of several kilometers. Under this effort, a prototype system using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology has been designed, fabricated and successftilly tested against a range ofBW simulants at the Dugway Proving Ground, UT. The system, known as the Short Range Biological StandoffDetection System (SR-BSDS), has demonstrated the capability of detecting biological aerosols using infrared LIDAR while discriminating between biological and non-biological using ultraviolet LIDAR. The SR-BSDS is a component ofthe Joint Biological Remote Early Warning System (JBREWS) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) program. This paper describes the technology and the hardware and presents recent field testing results.
Nutrition in Crohn disease (2003)

Nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis, treatment, and morbidity of Crohn disease. Approximately two thirds to three fourths of hospitalized patients with active disease and one fourth of outpatients with Crohn disease are malnourished. Malnutrition, which can be present even when Crohn disease is in remission, can affect growth, cellular and humoral immunity, bone density, and wound healing. Decreased nutrient intake, malabsorption, drug-nutrient interactions, anorexia, and protein-losing enteropathy can all contribute to the protein-calorie malnutrition and other specific nutrient deficiencies seen in Crohn disease. Therefore, by preventing and correcting nutrient deficiencies, nutritional therapy is an important component in the overall management of patients with Crohn disease.
Surveillance of siRNA integrity by FRET imaging (2007)

Techniques for investigation of exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) after penetration of the cell are of substantial interest to the development of efficient transfection methods as well as to potential medical formulations of siRNA. A FRET-based visualization method including the commonplace dye labels fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamin (TMR) on opposing strands of siRNA was found compatible with RNA interference (RNAi). Investigation of spectral properties of three labelled siRNAs with differential FRET efficiencies in the cuvette, including pH dependence and FRET efficiency in lipophilic environments, identified the ratio of red and green fluorescence (R/G-ratio) as a sensitive parameter, which reliably identifies samples containing >90% un-degraded siRNA. Spectral imaging of siRNAs microinjected into cells showed emission spectra indistinguishable from those measured in the cuvette. These were used to establish a calibration curve for assessing the degradation state of siRNA in volume elements inside cells. An algorithm, applied to fluorescence images recorded in standard green and red fluorescence channels, produces R/G-ratio images of high spatial resolution, identifying volume elements in the cell with high populations of intact siRNA with high fidelity. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, the movement of intact siRNA molecules are observed after introduction into the cytosol by microinjection, standard transfection and lipofection with liposomes.
Augmentation of Behavior Therapy With <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2008)

These data provide support for the use of D-cycloserine as an augmentation of behavior therapy for OCD and extend findings in animals and other human disorders suggesting that behavior therapy acts by way of long-term potentiation of glutamatergic pathways and that the effects of behavior therapy are potentiated by an NMDA agonist.
An Introduction to Theories of Social Change. By Herman Strasser and Susan C. Randall. London & Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. 340 pp. Cloth, $25.00; paper, $13.50 (1983)

Journal Article An Introduction to Theories of Social Change.By Herman Strasser and Susan C. Randall. London & Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. 340 pp. Cloth, $25.00; paper, $13.50 Get access Michael Armer Michael Armer Florida State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 61, Issue 3, March 1983, Pages 925–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.3.925 Published: 01 March 1983
ChemInform Abstract: 3d Metal Ions in Highly Unusual Eight‐Coordination: The Phosphate‐Capped Dodecapalladate(II) Nanocube. (2012)

Abstract Compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) are characterized by single crystal XRD, 31 P NMR, and EPR spectroscopy.
The field pattern of a long antenna with multiple excitations (1968)

The field pattern of an asymmetrically driven long antenna is obtained by the Wiener-Hopf procedure. The formula is algebraic in form and involves no numerical integration. Comparison with experiment is made and the agreement is found to be satisfactory. Application of the result to field pattern synthesis is discussed and two examples are given.
Thermal bias operation in electro-optic polymer modulators (2003)

An electro-optic polymer Mach–Zender modulator based on thermal biasing is proposed and demonstrated. The bias point of the modulator is controlled through the thermo-optic effect. Biasing is achieved by thermally changing the optical path length of one arm of the Mach–Zender interferometer. Tuning of bias points is realized by applying an electrical power of only 14 mW. It is verified that this approach is stable and substantially dc-drift free.
5G RAN Slicing for Verticals: Enablers and Challenges (2019)

This article investigates the slicing concept in the 5G RAN with the related challenges and research problems. The objective is to identify the plausible options for implementing the slicing concept at the RAN level by the mobile network operator to respond to the needs of verticals. We start by identifying the different slice granularity options, that is, how to define slices by combining customer and service needs. We then present how the 5G NR features can be used for facilitating slice implementation and provide typical configurations for different slice types from technology and RAN architecture perspectives. The main challenges for RAN slicing are then discussed, with special attention to the resource allocation problem between slices sharing the same spectrum band. We also investigate the multi-tenant slicing implementation in terms of the openness of the network to third parties, which is regarded as a key issue that may encourage vertical players to use operators' networks rather than deploying their own infrastructure.
The modern state (1998)

Why should we organize our polities in the way we do, as states? The question, as well as the inquiry that follows, is rather abstract. Yet it is motivated, in large part, by a set of particular worries, concerns, and problems. I shall distinguish and clarify these, if only so that the motivation for the inquiry will be clear at the outset.
Optimized Multi-Spectral Filter Arrays for Spectral Reconstruction (2019)

Multispectral filter array (MSFA)-based imaging is a compact, practical technique for snapshot spectral image capturing and reconstruction. The imaging and reconstruction quality is highly influenced by the spectral sensitivities and spatial arrangement of channels on MSFAs, and the used reconstruction method. In order to design a MSFA with high imaging capacity, we propose a sparse representation based approach to optimize spectral sensitivities and spatial arrangement of MSFAs. The proposed approach first overall models the various errors associated with spectral reconstruction, and then uses a global heuristic searching method to optimize MSFAs via minimizing the estimated error of MSFAs. Our MSFA optimization method can select filters from off-the-shelf candidate filter sets while assigning the selected filters to the designed MSFA. Experimental results on three datasets show that the proposed method is more efficient, flexible, and can design MSFAs with lower spectral construction errors when compared with existing state-of-the-art methods. The MSFAs designed by our method show better performance than others even using different spectral reconstruction methods.
Cellular Therapy With Autologous Skeletal Myoblasts for Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure (2005)

Cardiomyocytes are final differentiated cells that lose the ability to regen erate. Autologous cellular transplantation for cardiac repair has recently emerged as a promising new approach for end-stage heart failure that avoids the risk of immune rejection and ethical problems. Skeletal myoblasts (or sat ellite cells) are committed progenitor cells located under the basal lamina of adult skeletal muscle; they are committed to multiply after injury. They are highly resistant to ischemia and possess a considerable potential for division in culture. The cardiac milieu might alter the developmental program of grafted myoblast and facilitate their conversion to the slow-twitch phenotype, which is capable of performing cardiac work. We have used autologous cultured myo blast grafts for mouse and rat myocardial infarction in more than 200 cases. From these grafting experiments, it has been shown that cultured autologous myoblast grafting is a useful technique in the treatment of ischemic heart fail ure. This chapter offers a step-by-step guide to a successful research project on cultured myoblasts for the treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as a set of special techniques for yielding large numbers of skeletal myoblasts and studying postimplantation myocardial repair.
Studies on Constituents of Fruit Body of Polyporus umbellatus and Their Cytotoxic Activity. (1992)

From the crude drug Chorei, the fruit body of Polyporus umbellatus, seven new components named polyporusterone A, B, C, D, E, F and G, were isolated and their structures were determined on the basis of the spectral data. These compounds showed cytotoxic action on leukemia 1210 cell proliferation.
Survey on web spam detection (2012)

Search engines became a de facto place to start information acquisition on the Web. Though due to web spam phenomenon, search results are not always as good as desired. Moreover, spam evolves that makes the problem of providing high quality search even more challenging. Over the last decade research on adversarial information retrieval has gained a lot of interest both from academia and industry. In this paper we present a systematic review of web spam detection techniques with the focus on algorithms and underlying principles. We categorize all existing algorithms into three categories based on the type of information they use: content-based methods, link-based methods, and methods based on non-traditional data such as user behaviour, clicks, HTTP sessions. In turn, we perform a subcategorization of link-based category into five groups based on ideas and principles used: labels propagation, link pruning and reweighting, labels refinement, graph regularization, and featurebased. We also define the concept of web spam numerically and provide a brief survey on various spam forms. Finally, we summarize the observations and underlying principles applied for web spam detection.
Mining Naturally Smooth Evolution of Clusters from Dynamic Data (2007)

Many clustering algorithms have been proposed to partition a set of static data points into groups. In this paper, we consider an evolutionary clustering problem where the input data points may move, disappeare, and emerge. Generally, these changes should result in a smooth evolution of the clusters. Mining this naturally smooth evolution is valuable for providing an aggregated view of the numerous individual behaviors. We solve this novel and generalized form of clustering problem by converting it into a Bayesian learning problem. Analogous to that the EM clustering algorithm clusters static data points by learning a Gaussian mixture model, our method mines the evolution of clusters from dynamic data points by learning a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). By utilizing characteristics of the evolutionary clustering problem, we derive a new unsupervised learning algorithm which is much more efficient than the algorithms used to learn traditional variable-duration HSMMs. Because the HSMM models the probabilistic relationship between the dynamic data set and corresponding evolving clusters, we can interpret the learned parameters as the evolving clusters intuitively using the Viterbi filtering technique. Because learning an HSMM is in fact learning an optimal Viterbi filter, the learned cluster evolutions are smooth and fit well with the data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by experiments on both synthetic data and real data.
A Nine-Zone Simulating Moving Bed for the Recovery of Glucose and Xylose from Biomass Hydrolyzate (1998)

A nine-zone simulated moving bed (SMB) process was developed to recover two sugars, glucose and xylose, from biomass hydrolyzate with 88% recovery and near 100% purity. The SMB system consists of two coupled binary SMB rings which are operated at the same switching time. The first ring consists of five zones, in which sulfuric acid (a fast-moving solute) is recovered as the raffinate product, acetic acid (a slow-moving solute) is partially recovered as the extract product, and a mixture of the two sugars (intermediate solute) and the rest of the acetic acid is recovered in a bypass stream, which is input as the feed to the second ring. The second ring consists of four zones, in which the sugars are recovered as the raffinate product and acetic acid is recovered as the extract product. Experimental SMB data obtained using either hydrolyzate or synthetic mixtures of glucose, xylose, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid are presented and analyzed with a lumped mass-transfer model. Single-component and multicomponent pulse tests were used to estimate adsorption and mass-transfer parameters of the four key components present in the hydrolyzate. Simulations based on the estimated parameters were compared with experimental data. Excellent agreement between simulations and experimental data was obtained, indicating that optimization of such a system with a complex feed and more than 19 design parameters can be facilitated with computer simulations.
Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) Penetrates Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Biofilms and Enhances Amikacin Uptake Into Macrophages (2018)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung damage, impaired immunity, or other risk factors. Delivering antibiotics to the sites of these infections is a major hurdle of therapy because pulmonary NTM infections can persist in biofilms or as intracellular infections within macrophages. Inhaled treatments can improve antibiotic delivery into the lungs, but efficient nebulization delivery, distribution throughout the lungs, and penetration into biofilms and macrophages are considerable challenges for this approach. Therefore, we developed amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) to overcome these challenges. Nebulization of ALIS has been shown to provide particles within the respirable size range that distribute to both central and peripheral lung compartments in humans. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ALIS against NTM have been demonstrated previously. The key mechanistic questions are whether ALIS penetrates NTM biofilms and enhances amikacin uptake into macrophages. We found that ALIS effectively penetrated throughout NTM biofilms and concentration-dependently reduced the number of viable mycobacteria. Additionally, we found that ALIS improved amikacin uptake by ~4-fold into cultured macrophages compared with free amikacin. In rats, inhaled ALIS increased amikacin concentrations in pulmonary macrophages by 5–8 fold at 2, 6, and 24 hr post-dose and retained more amikacin at 24 hr in airways and lung tissue relative to inhaled free amikacin. Compared to intravenous free amikacin, a standard-of-care therapy for refractory and severe NTM lung disease, ALIS increased the mean area under the concentration-time curve in lung tissue, airways, and macrophages by 42-, 69-, and 274-fold. These data demonstrate that ALIS effectively penetrates NTM biofilms, enhances amikacin uptake into macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, and retains amikacin within airways and lung tissue. An ongoing Phase III trial, adding ALIS to guideline based therapy, met its primary endpoint of culture conversion by month 6. ALIS represents a promising new treatment approach for patients with refractory NTM lung disease.