gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variational Bayesian Inference Algorithms for Infinite Relational Model of Network Data (2014)

Network data show the relationship among one kind of objects, such as social networks and hyperlinks on the Web. Many statistical models have been proposed for analyzing these data. For modeling cluster structures of networks, the infinite relational model (IRM) was proposed as a Bayesian nonparametric extension of the stochastic block model. In this brief, we derive the inference algorithms for the IRM of network data based on the variational Bayesian (VB) inference methods. After showing the standard VB inference, we derive the collapsed VB (CVB) inference and its variant called the zeroth-order CVB inference. We compared the performances of the inference algorithms using six real network datasets. The CVB inference outperformed the VB inference in most of the datasets, and the differences were especially larger in dense networks.
MicroRNA-302 switch to identify and eliminate undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (2016)

The efficiency of pluripotent stem cell differentiation is highly variable, often resulting in heterogeneous populations that contain undifferentiated cells. Here we developed a sensitive, target-specific, and general method for removing undesired cells before transplantation. MicroRNA-302a-5p (miR-302a) is highly and specifically expressed in human pluripotent stem cells and gradually decreases to basal levels during differentiation. We synthesized a new RNA tool, miR-switch, as a live-cell reporter mRNA for miR-302a activity that can specifically detect human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) down to a spiked level of 0.05% of hiPSCs in a heterogeneous population and can prevent teratoma formation in an in vivo tumorigenicity assay. Automated and selective hiPSC-elimination was achieved by controlling puromycin resistance using the miR-302a switch. Our system uniquely provides sensitive detection of pluripotent stem cells and partially differentiated cells. In addition to its ability to eliminate undifferentiated cells, miR-302a switch also holds great potential in investigating the dynamics of differentiation and/or reprograming of live-cells based on intracellular information.
Oestrogen receptor <i>β</i> is expressed in adult human skeletal muscle both at the mRNA and protein level (2003)

The present study shows for the first time ERbeta mRNA and protein expression in human skeletal muscle tissue in both males and females.
Over-the-Air Computation Systems: Optimization, Analysis and Scaling Laws (2020)

For future Internet-of-Things based Big Data applications, data collection from ubiquitous smart sensors with limited spectrum bandwidth is very challenging. On the other hand, to interpret the meaning behind the collected data, it is also challenging for an edge fusion center running computing tasks over large data sets with a limited computation capacity. To tackle these challenges, by exploiting the superposition property of multiple-access channel and the functional decomposition, the recently proposed technique, over-the-air computation (AirComp), enables an effective joint data collection and computation from concurrent sensor transmissions. In this paper, we focus on a single-antenna AirComp system consisting of K sensors and one receiver. We consider an optimization problem to minimize the computation mean-squared error (MSE) of the K sensors' signals at the receiver by optimizing the transmitting-receiving (Tx-Rx) policy, under the peak power constraint of each sensor. Although the problem is not convex, we derive the computation-optimal policy in closed form. Also, we comprehensively investigate the ergodic performance of the AirComp system, and the scaling laws of the average computation MSE (ACM) and the average power consumption (APC) of different Tx-Rx policies with respect to K. For the computation-optimal policy, we show that the policy has a vanishing ACM and a vanishing APC with the increasing K.
The crystal structure of rhenium diboride (1962)

The crystal structure of ReB 2 has been determined from powder data. The unit cell is hexagonal; a=2.900 and c=7.478 A; there are two ReB 2 units per unit cell. The structure may be described in terms of alternating layers of rhenium and boron atoms; the former are planar, the latter are puckered. The two boron atoms show up clearly in difference maps (@z, 2x, Zobs. --@z, 2x, ZRe)" B-B bond lengths are 1.82 ~; shortest Re-B distance are 2.23 and 2.26 A.
Mechanical Motion of Azobenzene Crystals upon Photoirradiation (2009)

Photomechanical bending of trans-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene microcrystals was observed. Upon UV irradiation, the (001) face of the platelike microcrystals bent quickly in the direction opposite the light source, reaching the maximum deflection after 0.5 s. The microcrystal returned to its initial flat shape 30 s after the illumination was stopped. This mechanical motion was reversible over repeated cycles of UV irradiation. The bending effect was attributed to a gradient in the extent of UV-induced trans-cis photoisomerization as a function of light penetration, causing the expansion of the irradiated crystal surface along the b axis to result in a bent macrostructure.
Detection of immunologically cross-reacting capsid protein of alphaviruses on the surfaces of infected L929 cells (1985)

Hyperimmune, but not normal immune, monospecific antiserum made to capsid protein of Sindbis virus (SIN) was found to cause cytolysis equally well of both SIN- and Semliki Forest virus-infected L929 cells in antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays. The cell surface reactivity of the hyperimmune antiserum was also demonstrated by solid-phase radioimmune assays with unfixed infected cells or infected cells fixed with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde (0.025%) before reactivity with antisera. Higher concentrations of glutaraldehyde lowered the sensitivity of detection. Purified SIN capsid protein specifically inhibited antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity by the monospecific anti-capsid protein serum on SIN- and Semliki Forest virus-infected target cells. That hyperimmune anti-SIN serum also cross-reacts with capsid protein on the surface of Semliki Forest virus-infected cells was suggested by the fact that capsid protein inhibited cross-cytolysis in the antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The latter antiserum was collected after repeated injections of purified virions over a 9-month period. The results suggest that hyperimmune monospecific antisera made to SIN capsid protein or hyperimmune antisera to SIN or Semliki Forest virions detect homologous and cross-reacting capsid protein determinants on the surface of infected cells.
Distributions of Error Correction Tests for Cointegration (1999)

This paper provides cumulative distribution functions, densities, and finite sample critical values for the single-equation error correction statistic for testing cointegration. Graphs and response surfaces summarize extensive Monte Carlo simulations and highlight simple dependencies of the statistic's quantiles on the number of variables in the error correction model, the choice of deterministic components, and the estimation sample size. The response surfaces provide a convenient way for calculating finite sample critical values at standard levels; and a computer program, freely available over the Internet, can be used to calculate both critical values and p-values. Three empirical examples illustrate these tools.
The Technique and Current Status of Pinch Grafting (1987)

Small split-thickness skin grafts, also known as pinch grafts, can provide an effective form of therapy for recalcitrant ulcers of the skin. Several of the new surgical dressings can be combined with the traditional pinch grafting technique to shorten the time for the development of granulation tissue within a clean ulcer base and improve the survival of the grafts themselves. This paper will summarize the surgical technique employed in pinch grafting.
Efficient optimization of multilayer coatings for ultrafast optics using analytic gradients of dispersion (2007)

A fully analytic method for computing gradients of dispersion (to any order) for a dielectric multilayer coating is developed, and it is demonstrated how group delay gradients can be used to optimize the dispersion of such a filter. The algorithm complexity is linear with the number of layers and quadratic in dispersion order. To our knowledge, this is the first published algorithm for computing exact analytic gradients of dispersion. We show an approximation that speeds up the computation significantly, making it linear in dispersion order. MATLAB and C code implementing the algorithms are made available.
Enzymatic Properties of a Novel Phorbol Ester Receptor/Protein Kinase, nPKC1 (1989)

A protein kinase C-related cDNA encodes a novel phorbol ester receptor/protein kinase, nPKC epsilon, clearly distinct from the four "conventional" PKCs [Ohno, S., Akita, Y., Konno, Y., Imajoh, S., & Suzuki, K. (1988) Cell 53, 731-741]. We purified nPKC epsilon from COS cells transfected with nPKC cDNA and compared its enzymatic properties with a conventional PKC, PKC alpha. nPKC epsilon was eluted from a hydroxyapatite column at a position coincident with type II PKC and thus was separated from type III PKC (PKC alpha), the only PKC expressed in COS cells. The protein kinase activity of nPKC epsilon is activated by phospholipids and diacylglycerols (or phorbol esters) in a manner similar to conventional PKCs. However, the cofactor dependencies and substrate specificities were clearly different from PKC alpha. A phospholipid, cardiolipin, enhances the kinase activity three- to fourfold compared with phosphatidylserine. The optimum Mg2+ concentration (3 mM) is clearly different from those of conventional PKCs (10-20 mM). The activation of nPKC epsilon by these cofactors is totally independent of Ca2+. Similar to conventional PKCs, nPKC epsilon autophosphorylates serine and threonine residues, indicating the specificity of the kinase to these amino acid residues. However, it shows a clearly different substrate specificity against exogenous substrates in that myelin basic proteins rather than histone are good substrates. These properties of nPKC epsilon permit clear discrimination of nPKC epsilon from conventional PKCs.
Preclinical characterization of PF-03732010: A human IgG1 mAb against P-cadherin, reveals antitumor and antimetastatic activity in xenografts (2008)

2575 P-cadherin is one member of the classical cadherin family and plays a critical role in tumor cell-cell and cell-stroma adhesions. Up-regulation of P-cadherin has been frequently reported in major tumors such as colon, lung, breast, pancreatic and bladder cancers. Here we report the in vivo antitumor activity of PF-03732010, a human IgG1 mAb that binds to both human and mouse P-cadherin with high affinity and selectivity. Antitumor acitivity of PF-03732010 was assessed in orthotopic or ectopic xenografts models including 1) PC-3M-luc-P-Cad 2) MDA-MB-435-luc-P-Cad subrenal capsule model (SRC) and 3) MDA-MB-435-luc-P-Cad experimental metastasis model. Surgically implanted tumor models are inaccessible to traditional caliper measurements; therefore, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was applied to evaluate the antitumor activity of PF-03732010. PC3M-luc-PCad and MDA-MB-435-HAL-luc-PCad cells were stably transfected to constitutively express luciferase and overexpress P-Cadherin. PF-03732010 (5 and 20 mg/kg) displayed significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 57% and 73% respectively in the PC3M-luc-PCad model. In addition, BLI revealed PF-03732010 at 5 and 20 mg/kg inhibited lymph node metastases. In MDA-MB-435-HAL-luc-PCad SRC model, distant metastasis in the lungs can be visualized the 4 th week after the tumor implant. PF-03732010 (10, 20 & 40 mg/kg) showed significant antitumor activity in MDA-MB-435-HAL-luc-PCad SRC model with TGI of 51.8%, 66.5% and 68.0% respectively against the primary tumor; and antimetastatic activity of 54.2%, 72.8% and 82.2% respectively against the tumor burden in the lungs. Kaplan-Meier survival plot showed that PF-03732010 significantly improved mouse medium survival time compared to the vehicle treated group. IHC examination of MDA-MB-435-HAL-luc-PCad SRC tumors showed a dose-dependent decrease in β-actin and Ki67, suggesting antitumor activity is a result of cytoskeletal disruption and reduced proliferation due to PF-03732010 blockade of P-cadherin signaling. We further evaluated the antimetastatic activity of PF-03732010 in an experimental model of metastasis, IV delivery of MDA-MB-435-HAL-luc-PCad cells to mice. When mice were treated with PF-03732010 either twenty-four hours before or 14 days after injection of tumor cells, PF-03732010 (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited metastases and tumor burden increase in lungs (TGI 93% and 87% respectively) with a concomitant increase in median survival of 39 and 19 days respectively. Overall, PF-03732010 consistently demonstrated significant antitumor activity, reduction in metastatic burden and improvement in survival. PF-03732010 is expected to possess antitumor activity against tumors that over-express P-cadherin and is a promising new antibody for the treatment of certain cancers.
Chromium deficiency during total parenteral nutrition (1979)

Chromium is required for maintenance of normal glucose tolerance. After complete bowel resection and five months of total parenteral nutrition, severe glucose intolerance, weight loss, and a metabolic encephalopathylike confusional state developed in a patient. Serum chromium levels were at the lowest normal level. Supplementation of 150 μg of chromium per day reversed the glucose intolerance, reduced insulin requirements, and resulted in weight gain and the disappearance of encephalopathy. The low levels of chromium and response to chromium supplementation suggest that chromium deficiency can arise in long-term total parenteral nutrition. (<i>JAMA</i>241:496-498, 1979)
Pancreatic stellate cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines: implications for pancreatic fibrogenesis (1999)

Pancreatic stellate cells produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, and respond to the cytokines PDGF and TGF-beta by increased proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. These results suggest an important role for stellate cells in pancreatic fibrogenesis.
A survey of more than 90 commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low‐light measurements of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence, including instruments for manual, automatic and specialized operation, for HPLC, LC, GLC and microtitre plates. Part 1: Descriptions (1992)

This survey was compiled in January and February 1992 from information available in public domain literature requested by and supplied to the author by numerous companies in the previous two months. More than 90 luminometers (manual, automatic, microtitre plate, HPLC, LC, GLC, imaging and specials) from more than 60 companies are included. Each company was invited to supply company brochures, technical details, user manual and information about software and any other information concerning their product(s). The response varied from a single information sheet to promotional material and up to full product information and specification with technical details, user manuals and scientific publications. Where an instrument is dedicated to a single task the company may have only provided details relevant to accomplishing that task. Part 2 of this survey will contain photographs of some of the luminometers. It is intended that updates to this review will be published at least annually in this journal and suppliers are invited to provide full technical details of new luminometric equipment to the author.
Down with noise [active noise control] (1999)

Annoying noise in the passenger cabins of propeller aircraft, the rumble in air-conditioning systems, and the sounds disrupting headset communication are being reduced these days by active noise control, thanks to advances in digital signal processing. The technique relies on the principle of destructive interference between two sound fields, one field is generated by the original or primary sound source, the other by a secondary sound source setup to interfere with, and cancel, that unwanted primary sound. The primary source may be an engine and the secondary source, a loudspeaker with an electronically controlled output. Destructive interference is at its most efficient when the two sound fields can be accurately aligned in space over an acoustic wavelength. It works best on low frequency sounds, whose acoustic wavelengths are large compared to the zone in which the noise is cancelled.
Development and Demonstration of a 25 Watt Thermophotovoltaic Power Source for a Hybrid Power System (2001)

The development of a propane-fueled, 25 W thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power source for use in a hybrid power system is described. The TPV power source uses a platinum emitting surface with an anti-reflective coating to radiate to gallium antimonide photocells, which converts the radiation to electric power. The development program started with the design and fabrication of an engineering prototype system. This was used as a component development vehicle to develop the technologies for the various components. A 25 W demonstration prototype was then designed and fabricated using the most advanced component approaches. The designs and test results from this development program are discussed.
Collection understanding (2004)

Collection understanding shifts the traditional focus of retrieval in large collections from locating specific artifacts to gaining a comprehensive view of the collection. Visualization tools are critical to the process of efficient collection understanding By presenting simple visual interfaces and intuitive methods of interacting with a collection, users come to understand the essence of the collection by focusing on the artifacts. This paper discusses a practical approach for enhancing collection understanding in image collections.
Spinal NKCC1 Blockade Inhibits TRPV1-Dependent Referred Allodynia (2007)

Our findings indicate that spinal NKCC1 and TRPV1 are critical for referred allodynia mediated by a painful visceral stimulus. Moreover, they suggest that endogenous TRPV1 agonists, released in the CNS in painful conditions, might stimulate TRPV1 receptors on primary afferents that, in turn, play a role in increasing NKCC1 activity leading to allodynia.
Performance of the Sebia CAPILLARYS 2 for Detection and Immunotyping of Serum Monoclonal Paraproteins (2007)

We evaluated the performance of the CAPILLARYS 2 (Sebia, Norcross, GA) capillary electrophoresis system for detection and identification of monoclonal proteins in serum samples. We analyzed 104 serum specimens by Sebia Hydragel serum protein electrophoresis (agarose gel electrophoresis [AGE]/immunofixation electrophoresis [IFE]) and CAPILLARYS 2 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)/immunosubtraction. AGE and CZE had sensitivities of 90% and 81%, respectively, based on IFE as the "gold standard," and all bands detected were confirmed by IFE (100% specificity). AGE and CZE had an overall agreement of 91% on serum protein electrophoresis. In the population tested, IgG was detected in 29% of samples by IFE and 30% using immunosubtraction. Similarly IgA was detected in 9% of cases by IFE and 8% by immunosubtraction. IgM and light chains were detected in 6% and 3% of cases, respectively, by IFE, whereas CZE/immunosubtraction did not detect any IgM or light chains. In our hands, AGE and CZE had the same specificity for detection of monoclonal proteins; however, CZE/immunosubtraction seems to be less sensitive than IFE for the detection of IgM and, possibly, serum light chains.
Prospects for antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) therapies for HIV (2009)

Since the discovery and synthesis of a novel DNA mimic, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) in 1991, PNAs have attracted tremendous interest and have shown great promise as potential antisense drugs. They have been used extensively as tools for specific modulation of gene expression by targeting translation or transcription processes. This review discusses the present and future therapeutic potential of this class of compound as anti-HIV-1 drugs.
Testicular seminoma. Results of the Yale University experience, 1964–1984 (1989)

Eighty-three testicular seminoma patients were treated with radiation therapy from 1964 through 1984. Seventy-nine (95%) of the 83 patients had early disease that included 61 Stage I, 15 Stage IIA (pelvic or paraaortic lymph node involvement less than or equal to 5 cm), and 3 Stage IIB (pelvic or paraaortic lymph node involvement greater than 5 cm) patients. The 15-year actuarial survival for this group of Stage I and II patients was 95% (+/- 5%). Stage I patients were treated with a mean paraaortic/pelvic dose of 2924 cGy and only one patient developed recurrent disease. This recurrence was at the margin of the radiation field and probably represents a marginal miss. The Stage IIA patients were treated with slightly higher doses (mean, 3335 cGY) to the paraaortic/pelvic region and there were no recurrences. The three Stage IIB patients received tumor doses of 3245 cGy, 4090 cGy, and 4500 cGy, respectively, and there were no recurrences. Low dose prophylactic mediastinal and supraclavicular irradiation (mean, 2320 cGy) was used in 17 (94%) of the 18 Stage II patients and there were no mediastinal or supraclavicular recurrences. Four patients presented with advanced disease (one Stage III, three Stage IV) and the only disease-free survivor was treated with cisplatinum-based combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Three patients developed minor complications from the radiation therapy: one patient had persistent scrotal and leg edema and two patients treated with prophylactic mediastinal irradiation had chronic low leukocyte counts. Two of the 79 Stage I and II patients developed a second malignancy: one had bronchogenic carcinoma at the margin of a mediastinal field, and one had diffuse histiocytic lymphoma both in and out of the radiation therapy fields. The 15-year actuarial probability of developing a second malignancy was 3.3%. Radiation therapy after operation is a successful treatment option for most patients with Stage I and II seminoma.
The Minigraft Revolution: Can We Keep up Ethically? (1994)

Hair transplantation is fast becoming a boom industry. It is being fueled by a high demand for service, a short supply of providers, and a high value of product. As millions of bald or balding men and women are becoming more aware of self-improvement options, hair restoration is rapidly gaining more attention. One of the most significant problem confronting physicians entering the field of hair transplantation is the general unavailability of formal or informal training. The high value placed on the service reflects 1) the new technology of Minigrafting in Megasessions; 2) the general unavailability of trained physician in the art and science of modern hair transplantation techniques; and 3) the increasing demand for service. Physicians are rallying to the demand for service disproportionately to their ability to achieve a quality product. Great care must be taken not to allow one's enthusiasm to exceed one's skills and abilities.
Simulation of electrical machines end effects with reduced length 3D FEM models (2012)

This paper presents a fast simplified FEM calculation of electrical machines, which includes end effects. The considered machine size and power is similar to a 2.5 MW permanent magnet direct drive wind generator, and was simulated as a linear machine. The calculation uses a 3D model with a reduced length of the iron stack, and the full result is generated from the reduced length model and a 2D model of the cross-section of the inside region of the machine. The length of the reduced length 3D model, that is necessary for obtaining relevant calculation results, is analyzed here for different air gap sizes. A simple rule of the thumb for the necessary minimum axial length of the reduced length model can be derived from the presented numerical calculation results.