gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Preoperative Sedation With Rectal Midazolam, Ketamine, or Their Combination in Young Children (1992)

To determine which of three types of rectal sedation was most effective preoperatively in facilitating parental separation and intravenous cannulation in young children, 100 children 3.0 ± 1.7 (mean ± SD) yr of age were randomly assigned to four equal groups. One group (M-K-A) received rectal midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), ketamine (3 mg/kg), and atropine (0.02 mg/kg). The other sedation groups received the same doses of midazolam and atropine (M-A) or ketamine and atropine (K-A) alone, and the control group (A) received only rectal atropine. Most children in either the M-K-A (100%) or M-A (92%) groups separated easily from their parents without struggling or crying, significantly more than in the K-A (60%) or A (64%) groups. However, more children in the M-K-A group (44%) were asleep during separation than in the M-A group (8%; P < 0.05). Only 20% of the children in the M-A or M-K-A groups cried during intravenous catheter placement, significantly less than in the K-A (56%) or A (92%) groups. Intravenous catheter placement was also successful significantly more often in the M-A (80%) and M-K-A (84%) groups than in the K-A (48%) or A (40%) groups. Complications were similar among the groups, but there was evidence that midazolam prolonged recovery time in some patients. Rectal midazolam with or without ketamine is a useful technique when intravenous catheter placement before induction of anesthesia is desired.
Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei probiotic in Parkinson’s male rats (2020)

Background and Objective: Parkinsonchr('39')s disease is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in pars compacta of substantial nigra. The most important symptoms of this disease include slow motion, lack of movement, tremor and imbalance. This study was done to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei on motor disorders caused by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine in Parkinsonchr('39')s model in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly allocated into six groups. To create an animal model of Parkinsonchr('39')s disease, a black body component in male rats was injected 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) (0.5 mg/kg) unilaterally by stereotaxic apparatus. After 3 weeks of recovery, to evaluation of degradation rate, animals were received apomorphine, intraperitoneally. In the first experiment, rats were randomly divided into Sham and Parkinsonchr('39')s (injured) groups, the Sham group were received only water and food, and the injured group received 6-hydroxy-dopamine. In the second experiment, male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats, each of the 4 groups was injected 6-hydroxy-dopamine and 21 days later, they were tested for assay of apomorphine. The results were recorded, then for 28 days, the first group was taken as control. The second group of saline, the third group of milk, the fourth group of milk and probiotic were gavaged. At the end of day 28, once again, each group was subjected to rotation of apomorphine test and the rotations were recorded. Results: The behavioral analysis of saline, milk, milk plus probiotics were indicated that the group receiving probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei plus milk was significantly less apomorphine rotation test than the saline group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei can reduces Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
Pheromones and Evolutionary Relationships of Tortricidae (1982)

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More
EffectiveSan: type and memory error detection using dynamically typed C/C++ (2018)

Low-level programming languages with weak/static type systems, such as C and C++, are vulnerable to errors relating to the misuse of memory at runtime, such as (sub-)object bounds overflows, (re)use-after-free, and type confusion. Such errors account for many security and other undefined behavior bugs for programs written in these languages. In this paper, we introduce the notion of dynamically typed C/C++, which aims to detect such errors by dynamically checking the "effective type" of each object before use at runtime. We also present an implementation of dynamically typed C/C++ in the form of the Effective Type Sanitizer (EffectiveSan). EffectiveSan enforces type and memory safety using a combination of low-fat pointers, type meta data and type/bounds check instrumentation. We evaluate EffectiveSan against the SPEC2006 benchmark suite and the Firefox web browser, and detect several new type and memory errors. We also show that EffectiveSan achieves high compatibility and reasonable overheads for the given error coverage. Finally, we highlight that EffectiveSan is one of only a few tools that can detect sub-object bounds errors, and uses a novel approach (dynamic type checking) to do so.
A Novel Dual-Band Mixer Using Arbitrary Impedances-Matching Coupler for Long-Term Evolution Applications (2015)

AbstractA novel microstrip dual-band down-conversion mixer is proposed in this article, which uses an inherent arbitrary impedances-matching coupler and a high-performance lowpass filter for long-term evolution (1.7–1.9 and 2.5–2.7 GHz) applications. Based on the accurate terminated impedances design method, the designed coupler can be directly used as an inherent matching network. In this article, the proposed dual-band mixer is fabricated and experimentally measured to show good agreement between simulated and measured results. This proposed mixer features a compact size and high linearity performance and achieves best power conversion gains of –15 and –10 dB in two bands, respectively. The input 1-dB compression point (P1dB) for two bands of the mixer are approximately –3 and –6 dBm, while the measured input third-order intercept point (IIP3) in two bands are 11 and 3 dBm, separately.Keywords: arbitrary impedances-matching couplerdual-band mixerlong-term evolution applications Additional informationFundingThis work was supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; no. 2014CB339900), the National Natural Science Foundations of China (nos. 61422103 and 61201027), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Major Equipment Development (no. 61327806).
Optimal Document Exchange and New Codes for Insertions and Deletions (2019)

We give the first communication-optimal document exchange protocol. For any n and k <; n our randomized scheme takes any n-bit file F and computes a Θ(k log n/k) -bit summary from which one can reconstruct F, with high probability, given a related file F' with edit distance ED(F,F') ≤ k. The size of our summary is information-theoretically order optimal for all values of k, giving a randomized solution to a longstanding open question of [Orlitsky; FOCS'91]. It also is the first non-trivial solution for the interesting setting where a small constant fraction of symbols have been edited, producing an optimal summary of size O(H(δ)n) for k=δ n. This concludes a long series of better-and-better protocols which produce larger summaries for sub-linear values of k and sub-polynomial failure probabilities. In particular, the recent break-through of [Belazzougui, Zhang; FOCS'16] assumes that k <; n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ε</sup> , produces a summary of size O(klog <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> k + k log n), and succeeds with probability 1-(k log n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">)</sup> . We also give an efficient derandomized document exchange protocol with summary size O(k log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n/k). This improves, for any k, over a deterministic document exchange protocol by Belazzougui with summary size O(k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + k log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n). Our deterministic document exchange directly provides new efficient systematic error correcting codes for insertions and deletions. These (binary) codes correct any δ fraction of adversarial insertions/deletions while having a rate of 1 - O(δ log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 1/δ) and improve over the codes of Guruswami and Li and Haeupler, Shahrasbi and Vitercik which have rate 1 - Θ (√δ log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(1)</sup> 1/ε).
Yemen - Sana'a Water Supply and Sanitation Project : environmental assessment (1999)

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) comprises three elements, namely, a description of the baseline conditions of the project, an impact statement, and the environmental management plan. Although no major environmental issues are envisaged, since there is no land acquisition to force involuntary resettlements; nor is there any indigenous people or cultural heritage issues, there are nonetheless, environmental aspects to consider, such as: 1) cesspit removal and sewage disposal during construction; 2) disposition of dried sewage sludge; and, 3) handling of chemicals flushed into water lines. Mitigation measures call for the prevention of public access to the site during construction. Initially liquid wastes will be transported to, and disposed into the existing wastewater treatment plant pond at off-peak hours, and coliform levels will be monitored. Regarding the dried sewage sludge, even though dried sludge is already being sold for compost purposes, a formal policy will be developed as part of the environmental mitigation component of the project. The disposal of hazardous chemicals will be, partly, the responsibility of the contractor in training workers on handling such chemicals, as well as providing safety gear. In addition, a contingency plan, will specify counter-control measures and spill prevention. Abatement of noise and air pollution, public awareness and consultation processes are also included.
EINFLUSS VON STRAHLUNG UND MIKROKLIMA AUF STRASSENWETTERPROGNOSEN (1997)

Da die Strahlungsuebergaenge an der Fahrbahnoberflaeche von besonderer Wichtigkeit fuer deren Temperaturregime sind, wurde ihr Einfluss auf den Waermehaushalt der Fahrbahn genau analysiert. Die mit einer geeignet ausgestatteten Messstation ermittelten Daten dienten sowohl zu Grundlagenanalysen als auch zur Modellvalidierung. Die Grundlagenanalysen bestaetigten die Forderung nach genaueren Strahlungsprognosen. Mit der Neuentwicklung eines eigens auf die Erfordernisse der Strassenzustandsprognose zugeschnittenen Modells der kurzwelligen Strahlungsuebergaenge konnten gute Erfahrungen gemacht werden. Eine im Ansatz vorgestellte Modellerweiterung bietet die Moeglichkeit der Prognose der Gesamtstrahlungsbilanz. Sie koennte als Ansatzpunkt fuer weitere Untersuchungen dienen. Der zweite eingeschlagene Weg zur Verbesserung der Strahlungsprognose fuehrt ueber die Einbeziehung von Satellitendaten in die Bewoelkungsprognose. Da die Strahlungsuebergaenge an der Fahrbahn nicht nur von atmosphaerischen Bedingungen beeinflusst werden, wurde einerseits ein Modell entwickelt, das die Berechnung der prozentuellen Abschattung der Fahrbahn durch Hindernisse im Bereich der Trasse zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt ermoeglicht, andererseits wurden die Konstanten fuer die Strahlungsuebergaenge an der Fahrbahnoberflaeche fuer den kurz- und langwelligen Bereich durch umfassende Messungen bestimmt. Anhand des Datenmaterials der errichteten Messflaeche wurde auch eine Methode zur Bestimmung der thermischen Fahrbahnkonstanten entwickelt und getestet. Die Ergebnisse bildeten auch die Grundlage fuer eine Neufassung des Bodenmodells innerhalb der Fahrbahntemperaturprognose. Auch die Modellteile fuer die latenten und fuehlbaren Waermeuebergaenge wurden modifiziert. Abschliessend erfolgte eine eingehende Validierung der veraenderten Modellfassung an unterschiedlichen Datensaetzen, die auch Vergleiche mit den Ergebnissen der zur Zeit im operationellen Betrieb befindlichen Modellfassung enthaelt. Dabei konnte eine durchaus befriedigende Zunahme der Modellqualitaet festgestellt werden.
Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable isoindoline class dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (2011)

Focused structure-activity relationships of isoindoline class DPP-IV inhibitors have led to the discovery of 4b as a highly selective, potent inhibitor of DPP-IV. In vivo studies in Wistar/ST rats showed that 4b was converted into the strongly active metabolite 4l in high yield, resulting in good in vivo efficacy for antihyperglycemic activity.
Co-overexpression of the Constitutively Active Form of OsbZIP46 and ABA-Activated Protein Kinase SAPK6 Improves Drought and Temperature Stress Resistance in Rice (2017)

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) production worldwide. Drought resistance is controlled by multiple genes, and therefore, a multi-gene genetic engineering strategy is theoretically useful for improving drought resistance. However, the experimental evidence for such a strategy is still lacking. In this study, a few drought-responsive genes from rice were assembled by a multiple-round site-specific assembly system, and the constructs were introduced into the rice cultivar KY131 via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines of the multi-gene and corresponding single-gene constructs were pre-evaluated for drought resistance. We found that the co-overexpression of two genes, encoding a constitutively active form of a bZIP transcription factor (<i>OsbZIP46CA1</i>) and a protein kinase (<i>SAPK6</i>) involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, showed significantly enhanced drought resistance compared with the single-gene transgenic lines and the negative transgenic plants. Single-copy lines of this bi-gene combination (named XL22) and the corresponding single-gene lines were further evaluated for drought resistance in the field using agronomical traits. The results showed that XL22 exhibited greater yield, biomass, spikelet number, and grain number under moderate drought stress conditions. The seedling survival rate of XL22 and the single-gene overexpressors after drought stress treatment also supported the drought resistance results. Furthermore, expression profiling by RNA-Seq revealed that many genes involved in the stress response were specifically up-regulated in the drought-treated XL22 lines and some of the stress-related genes activated in CA1-OE and SAPK6-OE were distinct, which could partially explain the different performances of these lines with respect to drought resistance. In addition, the XL22 seedlings showed improved tolerance to heat and cold stresses. Our results demonstrate that the multi-gene assembly in an appropriate combination may be a promising approach in the genetic improvement of drought resistance.
HLA-D alleles associated with generalized disease, localized disease, and putative immunity in Onchocerca volvulus infection. (1994)

Human infections with the tissue nematode Onchocerca volvulus result in a variety of clinical conditions that possibly include protective immunity. In a West African area hyperendemic for human onchocerciasis, 120 residents were classified according to clinical and laboratory findings as presenting with generalized onchocerciasis, localized onchocerciasis, or as being putatively immune. The three groups differed in the distribution of HLA-D variants as determined by DNA typing. The most pronounced differences were found among alleles of the DQ loci. The haplotype DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301 was significantly more frequent among putatively immune individuals than among patients with generalized or localized disease. Conversely, DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501 and, independently, the allele DQB1*0201 were more frequent in generalized disease than in localized disease or putative immunity. In these correlations, the frequencies of allelic variants were in localized disease intermediate to those of the two other groups. The only distinct association found with localized disease was that of the DP allele DPB1*0402. The findings indicate that HLA-D variants influence the course of O. volvulus infection and help to define a state that may reflect protective immunity.
CRISPRi enables fast growth followed by stable aerobic pyruvate formation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> without auxotrophy (2021)

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) was applied to enable the aerobic production of pyruvate in <i>Escherichia coli</i> MG1655 under glucose excess conditions by targeting the promoter regions of <i>aceE</i> or <i>pdhR</i>. Knockdown strains were cultivated in aerobic shaking flasks and the influence of inducer concentration and different sgRNA binding sites on the production of pyruvate was measured. Targeting the promoter regions of <i>aceE</i> or <i>pdhR</i> triggered pyruvate production during the exponential phase and reduced expression of <i>aceE</i>. In lab-scale bioreactor fermentations, an <i>aceE</i> silenced strain successfully produced pyruvate under fully aerobic conditions during the exponential phase, but loss of productivity occurred during a subsequent nitrogen-limited phase. Targeting the promoter region of <i>pdhR</i> enabled pyruvate production during the growth phase of cultivations, and a continued low-level accumulation during the nitrogen-limited production phase. Combinatorial targeting of the promoter regions of both <i>aceE</i> and <i>pdhR</i> in <i>E. coli</i> MG1655 pdCas9 psgRNA_aceE_234_pdhR_329 resulted in the stable aerobic production of pyruvate with non-growing cells at Y<sub>P/S</sub> = 0.36 ± 0.029 g<sub>Pyruvate</sub>/g<sub>Glucose</sub> in lab-scale bioreactors throughout an extended nitrogen-limited production phase.
The formation of imperfections in epitaxial gold films (1966)

Abstract Single crystal films of gold have been prepared by evaporation onto molybdenum disulphide inside an electron microscope. This technique has allowed direct and continuous observation, mainly by means of moir5 patterns, of the formation of lattice imperfections during film growth. It is shown that dislocations arise mainly from the rotation and displacement misfits between neighbouring islands of the deposit film, and that stacking faults and microtwins are formed at the junction plane between some of the coalescing islands. An analysis of these effects is given. One of the most significant results is that there is considerable annihilation and re-arrangement of the lattice imperfections during filni growth, particularly up to the stage of formation of a continuous hole-free film. The initial nuclei of the deposits are doubly positioned, and pronounced changes in orientation occur during and immediately following the coalescence of islands in different positions. This process occurs by the migration of double-positioning boundaries, and is interpreted in terms of conventional recrystallization theory.
Development of a 3D Parallel Mechanism Robot Arm with Three Vertical-Axial Pneumatic Actuators Combined with a Stereo Vision System (2011)

This study aimed to develop a novel 3D parallel mechanism robot driven by three vertical-axial pneumatic actuators with a stereo vision system for path tracking control. The mechanical system and the control system are the primary novel parts for developing a 3D parallel mechanism robot. In the mechanical system, a 3D parallel mechanism robot contains three serial chains, a fixed base, a movable platform and a pneumatic servo system. The parallel mechanism are designed and analyzed first for realizing a 3D motion in the X-Y-Z coordinate system of the robot's end-effector. The inverse kinematics and the forward kinematics of the parallel mechanism robot are investigated by using the Denavit-Hartenberg notation (D-H notation) coordinate system. The pneumatic actuators in the three vertical motion axes are modeled. In the control system, the Fourier series-based adaptive sliding-mode controller with H(∞) tracking performance is used to design the path tracking controllers of the three vertical servo pneumatic actuators for realizing 3D path tracking control of the end-effector. Three optical linear scales are used to measure the position of the three pneumatic actuators. The 3D position of the end-effector is then calculated from the measuring position of the three pneumatic actuators by means of the kinematics. However, the calculated 3D position of the end-effector cannot consider the manufacturing and assembly tolerance of the joints and the parallel mechanism so that errors between the actual position and the calculated 3D position of the end-effector exist. In order to improve this situation, sensor collaboration is developed in this paper. A stereo vision system is used to collaborate with the three position sensors of the pneumatic actuators. The stereo vision system combining two CCD serves to measure the actual 3D position of the end-effector and calibrate the error between the actual and the calculated 3D position of the end-effector. Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of the proposed parallel mechanism robot driven by three vertical pneumatic servo actuators, a full-scale test rig of the proposed parallel mechanism pneumatic robot is set up. Thus, simulations and experiments for different complex 3D motion profiles of the robot end-effector can be successfully achieved. The desired, the actual and the calculated 3D position of the end-effector can be compared in the complex 3D motion control.
Characterizing VLAN usage in an operational network (2007)

In this paper, we present one of the first studies characterizing VLAN usage in a large operational network. Our study employs a "white-box" approach, based on analysis of switch and router configuration files, and interactions with network operators. Our findings are: (i) VLANs are extensively used to enable users at physically disparate locations to be treated as a group; (ii) the performance inefficiencies resulting from such usage is significant; and (iii) the inefficiencies are exacerbated by sub-optimal placement policies. Finally, we identify potential sources of errors that may arise with VLAN configurations, and demonstrate their prevalence.
Maintaining network connectivity and performance in robot teams (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we present an experimental study of strategies for maintaining end‐to‐end communication links for tasks such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and target search and identification, where team connectivity is required for situational awareness. Our main contributions are threefold: (a) We present the construction of a radio signal strength map that can be used to plan multi‐robot tasks, and also serve as useful perceptual information. We show how a nominal model of an urban environment obtained by aerial surveillance, is used to generate strategies for exploration. (b) We present reactive controllers for communication link maintenance; and (c) we consider the differences between monitoring signal strength versus data throughput. Experimental results, obtained using our multi‐robot testbed in three representative urban environments are presented with each of our main contributions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.