gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by TCDD Reduces Inflammation Associated with Crohn's Disease (2010)

Crohn's disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an inappropriate immune response to commensal gut bacteria. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well known for its involvement in the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental contaminant that affects people primarily through the diet. Recently, TCDD was shown to suppress immune responses by generating regulatory T cells (Tregs). We hypothesized that AhR activation dampens inflammation associated with Crohn's disease. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) murine model of colitis. Mice were gavaged with TCDD prior to colitis induction with TNBS. Several parameters were examined including colonic inflammation via histological and flow cytometric analyses. TCDD-treated mice recovered body weight faster and experienced significantly less colonic damage. Reduced levels of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-12, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-α demonstrated suppression of inflammation in the gut following TCDD exposure. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)(egfp) mice revealed that TCDD increased the Foxp3+ Treg population in gut immune tissue following TNBS exposure. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of the AhR by TCDD decreases colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis in part by generating regulatory immune cells. Ultimately, this work may lead to the development of more effective therapeutics for the treatment of Crohn's disease.
Distribution of the Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Channel PN3 in Rat Sensory Neurons in Normal and Neuropathic Conditions (1998)

The novel sodium channel PN3/alpha-SNS, which was cloned from a rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cDNA library, is expressed predominantly in small sensory neurons and may contribute to the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTXR) sodium current that is believed to be associated with central sensitization in chronic neuropathic pain states. To assess further the role of PN3, we have used electrophysiological, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods to monitor changes in TTXR sodium current and the distribution of PN3 in normal and peripheral nerve-injured rats. (1) Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that there were no significant changes in the TTXR and TTX-sensitive sodium current densities of small DRG neurons after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. (2) Additionally, in situ hybridization showed that there was no change in the expression of PN3 mRNA in the DRG up to 14 d after CCI. PN3 mRNA was not detected in sections of brain and spinal cord taken from either normal or nerve-injured rats. (3) In contrast, immunohistochemical studies showed that major changes in the subcellular distribution of PN3 protein were caused by either CCI or complete transection of the sciatic nerve. The intensity of PN3 immunolabeling decreased in small DRG neurons and increased in sciatic nerve axons at the site of injury. The alteration in immunolabeling was attributed to translocation of presynthesized, intracellularly located PN3 protein from neuronal somata to peripheral axons, with subsequent accumulation at the site of injury. The specific subcellular redistribution of PN3 after peripheral nerve injury may be an important factor in establishing peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and resultant neuropathic pain.
Butterfly oscillators as detectors of nuclear quadrupole resonance signals (1979)

The construction and principles of two variable-frequency butterfly oscillators spanning the frequency range from 200 to 650 MHz are described. Sample sizes as small as 1 g can be used and the frequency can be continuously swept over a range of at least 100 MHz in searching for new resonances. Spectrometers incorporating these oscillators have been used under conditions of automatic gain control, sideband suppression and automatic frequency calibration.
Evaluation of Gaussia luciferase and foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A translational interrupter chimeras as polycistronic reporters for transgene expression (2017)

We demonstrated a mechanism for the near real-time, sequential, non-destructive quantitative monitoring of transcriptionally-linked recombinant proteins and a valuable method for monitoring transgene expression in recombinant vaccine constructs.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONAL REGION DRIVING OUT THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCK (2008)

태양활동 극대기인 2000년의 ACE 위성 태양풍 관측자료를 이용한 행성간 충격파의 목록에서 충격파 유도체 따라 행성간 충격파를 분류하고 충격파 유도체별 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 51개의 행성간 충격파 중에서 대부분은 자기구름 및 Ejecta로 대표되는 ICME와 고속풍(HSS)에 의해서 유도되었다. 산소이온비(O7/O6)로부터 유도된 온도 및 Thermal index(<TEX>$I_{th}$</TEX> 지수) 값 분석에 따르면, ICME는 태양 코로나의 고온물질 영역으로부터 생성됨을 알 수 있다. Using the solar wind data of 2000 observed by ACE, We classified the interplanetary shock on basis of shock driver. We examined the physical properties of shock drivers such as the ratio of charge states(O7/O6) and thermal index<TEX>$(I_{th})$</TEX>. Most of 51 interplanetary shocks are driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections(ICME; magnetic cloud and ejecta) and high speed streams. According to the test of temperature(O7/O6) and <TEX>$I_{th}$</TEX>, we found that ICMEs originated from region with hot source in corona.
C.C. Ballantyne and the Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 1917-1921 (1992)

In 1917 the Canadian government embarked upon an ambitious shipbuilding programme that upon completion left it with sixty-three brand new steamships ranging
[Relationship between macrophages and erythropoiesis]. (2016)

Macrophages have two major roles in regulating the dynamic equilibrium in erythropoiesis, promoting the differentiation and maturation of nucleated red blood cells into reticulocytes and removing old red blood cells. A recent mouse study has demonstrated that the phenotype of macrophages in erythroblastic islands is CD169+ VCAM-1+ ER-HR3+ CD11b+ F4/80+ Ly-6G+. Molecular connections between erythroid progenitor cells and central macrophages help to maintain the function and integrity of erythroblastic islands. New research advances in Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) provide new evidence for the important role of macrophages in erythroblastic islands. Macrophages play an important role in erythropoiesis both in sickness and in health, and provide a potential targeted therapy for diseases such as polycythemia vera and beta-thalassemia in the future.
<title>On-Axis Three-Mirror Anastigmat With An Offset Field Of View</title> (1979)

A reimaging three-mirror anastigmat has been developed to cover fields of view of up to 2 degrees by 9 degrees. By using the optical system on-axis with an offset field of view, a significantly larger field of view than has been reported up to now can be used with low obscuration. The concept of tilting and decentering optical elements for a field view 2 degrees square, which yields a significant improvement in image quality, is discussed.
Designing optical metro and access networks for future cooperative cellular systems (2011)

Using Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission and reception techniques poses challenging latency and capacity requirements on the backhaul network infrastructure of cellular access systems. On a small scale, these requirements can be fulfilled by using upcoming optical technologies like Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Passive Optical Networks (PONs). On a metro scale, however, it is unclear to which extent CoMP is feasible. For a metro-wide cellular network deployment, we propose different backhaul network architectures and analyze their capability of fulfilling CoMP requirements. The analysis shows a trade-off between the ability of reusing existing metro network infrastructure and the area that can be covered using CoMP techniques. Based on this, we provide not only an understanding of which architecture approach fits best for a certain scenario, but also point out necessary hardware upgrades required for supporting CoMP in a desired target area.
Successful weight loss maintenance: A systematic review of weight control registries (2020)

Weight loss maintenance is a major challenge for obesity treatment. Weight control registries can be useful in identifying psychological and behavioural factors that could contribute to better long-term success. The objective of this study is to describe the existing weight control registries and their participants and identify correlates of weight loss maintenance. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles published until November 2018 was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies that reported results from weight control registries were considered. Fifty-two articles, corresponding to five registries (the United States, Portugal, Germany, Finland, and Greece), were included. Registries differed in inclusion criteria and procedures. Of 51 identified weight loss and maintenance strategies, grouped in 14 domains of the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors taxonomy, the following were the most frequently reported: having healthy foods available at home, regular breakfast intake, increasing vegetable consumption, decreasing sugary and fatty foods, limiting certain foods, and reducing fat in meals. Increased physical activity was the most consistent positive correlate of weight loss maintenance. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of information about successful weight loss maintenance obtained from weight control registries. Key common influential characteristics of success were identified, which can inform future prospective studies and weight management initiatives.
[(6,7-Dichlorobenzo[b]thien-5-yl)oxy]acetic acids and 1,1-dioxides. 1. A structurally novel class of diuretics with hypotensive activity (1987)

A series of [(6,7-dichlorobenzo[b]thien-5-yl)oxy]acetic acids and their corresponding 1,1-dioxides were synthesized and evaluated for diuretic activity in the acute saline loaded mice (ASLM) and hypotensive activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). A significant number of compounds were found to display potent activity in one or both assays, and preliminary structure-activity relationships with respect to each assay were delineated. Compound 94, the 1,1-dioxide of [(6,7-dichloro-2-n-propylbenzo[b]thien-5-yl)oxy]acetic acid was markedly active in both the ASLM and SHR by oral administration. The combined diuretic/hypotensive profile of this compound was further substantiated by its good saluretic response in water loaded conscious dogs and a moderate to good activity in renal hypertensive rats and sinoaortic-deafferented hypertensive dogs.
MRI white matter diffusion anisotropy and PET metabolic rate in schizophrenia (1998)

A disturbance in the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuitry has been proposed for schizophrenia, but this concept has been based primarily on indirect evidence from psychopharmacology and analogies with animal research. Diffusion tensor imaging, a new MRI technique that permits direct assessment of the large axon masses stretching from the prefrontal cortex to the striatum, was used to study white matter axon bundles. Diffusion tensor images, high-resolution structural MRI and positron emission tomography scans with 18-fluorodexoyglucose were obtained on five patients with schizophrenia and six age- and sex-matched normal controls. Significantly lower diffusion anisotropy in the white matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients than in normal controls was observed in statistical probability maps. Co-registered PET scans revealed significantly lower correlation coefficients between metabolic rates in the prefrontal cortex and striatum in patients than in controls. These twin findings provide convergent evidence for diminished fronto-striatal connectivity in schizophrenia.
Automated measurement of pediatric cranial bone thickness and density from clinical computed tomography (2012)

Skull thickness and density measures of normal pediatric crania would inform multiple disciplines including neurosurgery, optical and magnetoelectrophysiological imaging, and biomechanical modeling of head trauma. We report on a new method for automated extraction of in vivo skull thickness and density measures of pediatric crania based on x-ray computed tomography scans (CT). Data were obtained from a clinical image repository for pediatric populations in whom no pathology was noted. Skull thickness and density measures were systematically obtained across the calvarium. We find a set of measures that correlated with physiological age that are likely to prove useful in multiple disciplines.
Neuregulin activation of ErbB receptors in vascular endothelium leads to angiogenesis (1999)

The ErbB, or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r), family of transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors has been demonstrated to play an important role in growth regulation and intracellular signaling in a wide variety of cell types. Targeted deletion of neuregulin (an ErbB ligand) in mice results in endocardial cushion abnormalities, suggesting that these receptor-ligand interactions have important effects on vascular endothelial growth and development. To study the role of ErbB receptor signaling in vascular endothelium, we investigated the expression pattern of the various receptor family members and the effect of ErbB receptor stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We demonstrate that ErbB2 (neu), ErbB3, and ErbB4 are highly expressed, whereas ErbB1 (EGF-r) is undetectable. Stimulation of HUVEC with recombinant neuregulin-beta (an ErbB3/4 ligand) induces rapid calcium fluxes, receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. We demonstrate marked in vitro and in vivo angiogenic responses to neuregulin-beta, which are independent of vascular endothelial cell growth factor. These findings support an important role for the ErbB family of receptors in endothelial cell signaling and function, including neuregulin-induced angiogenesis.
Role of complex asparagine-linked glycans in the allergenicity of plant glycoproteins (1996)

Many plant proteins, particularly those found in foods and pollen, are known to act as sensitizing agents in humans upon repeated exposure. Among the cereal flour proteins involved in asthmatic reactions, those members of the alpha-amylase inhibitor family which are glycosylated, polypeptides, BMAI-1, BTAI-CMb*, and WTAI-CM16* are particularly reactive both in vivo and in vitro. We show here that these major glycoprotein allergens carry a single asparagine-linked complex glycan that contains both beta 1-->2 xylose and alpha 1-->3 fucose. Evidence is presented that the xylosyl residue and, to a lesser extent, the fucosyl residue are key IgE-binding epitopes and largely responsible for the allergenicity of these and unrelated proteins from plants and insects. Our results suggest that the involvement of xylose- and fucose-containing complex glycans in allergenic responses may have been underestimated previously; these glycans provide a structural basis to help explain the cross-reactivities often observed between pollen, vegetable food, and insect allergens.
Nanocomposites for Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites (2005)

A high temperature damage tolerant epoxy resin system was modified with three types of nanoparticles: chemically modified montmorillonite (MMT) organoclays, surface treated nanosilica, and surface modified carbon nanofibers (CNF) to create new types of epoxy nanocomposites. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the degree of dispersion. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used to determine the Tg and complex modulus of the polymer nanocomposites. The TEM analyses indicated that the MMT clay, nanosilica, and CNF dispersed very well in the epoxy resin system. Evidence is presented that a nanophase is formed when nanoparticles such as surface treated clay, surface treated nanosilica, or carbon nanofibers are introduced into the epoxy resin. Higher Tg and complex modulus values from DMTA for the nanomodified materials are presented as evidence for nanophase presence in the epoxy resin system as compared to lower Tg and complex modulus for the epoxy resin control. The DMTA data of the neat epoxy nanosilica nanocomposite (2% Aerosil® R202) show the highest Tg (258 o C) and the highest complex modulus (964 MPa). Five epoxy nanocomposites and a control were selected to produce prepregs using AS4-6K fabric, followed by fabrication into composite panels. The short beam shear values of all epoxy nanocomposites were slightly lower than the baseline with 3% Aerosil® R202 and 2% PR-19-PS-Ox CNF higher than the baseline. The flexural strength of all the epoxy nanocomposites were slightly lower than the baseline with the 2% Cloisite® 10A and 3% Aerosil® R202 materials higher than the baseline. Flatwise tension strength values of all the epoxy nanocomposites were slightly lower than the baseline with 2% PR-19-PS-Ox and 2% Aerosil® R202 samples higher than the baseline material. The G1C and G2C values of all the epoxy nanocomposites were below the baseline with the least knockdown for 2% Aerosil® R805 (G1C) and 2% PR-19-PS-Ox (G2C) being higher than the baseline.
Wireless sensor node for backscattering electrical signals generated by plants (2013)

The electrical signals generated by plants provide information about their physiology. A low-cost and low-power-consumption (≈ 240 μW) wireless sensor node is proposed, which measures the electrical signal generated across selected points on a plant and wirelessly transmits it to a data-collection device (reader) through a backscattering-based communication link. The proposed sensor node is appropriate for large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) agricultural applications, which are capable of collecting information about the health status of multiple plants over a broad area, with low cost and low power-consumption. Experimental results are presented for avocado and orange trees, demonstrating the successful operation of the proposed sensor node.
Exhaust Manifold Pressure Estimation Diesel Equipped with a VGT Turbocharger (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper develops an exhaust manifold pressure estimation method for a Diesel engine equipped with a variable geometry turbine (VGT) turbocharger. Extrapolated VGT data-maps are used directly for the estimation of the exhaust pressure using a non-iterative Newton-Raphson based method suitable for real-time applications. This approach can give more accurate estimations than traditional methods because it takes into account the turbine speed effect on the turbine mass flow rate. All this without increasing the calculation load significantly. The proposed exhaust manifold estimation can be used to relieve the exhaust manifold pressure physical sensor during engine operating conditions where its reliability is low. The estimator is evaluated in transient with two different engine cycles using a engine model validated in a benchmark as a reference.</div></div>
Passive and low energy cooling of buildings (1995)

Preface. 1. Overview: The Various Passive Cooling Systems and Their Applicability to Different Climates and Building Types. 2. Minimizing Cooling Needs by Building Design. 3. Ventilative Cooling. 4. Radiant Cooling. 5. Evaporative Cooling Systems. 6. The Earth as a Cooling Source for Buildings. 7. Cooling of Attached Outdoor Spaces. Index.
Ionic graft copolymerization. V. Graft copolymerization of β‐propiolactone onto the trunk polymers containing carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and other salts (1968)

Abstract β‐Propiolactone (βPL) was graft‐copolymerized onto styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers containing various carboxylates or sulfonates, composed of anions and cations having different electronegativities. In parallel, the mechanism of polymerizations of βPL by relatively neutral catalysts was studied in comparison with the behaviors of graft copolymerizations. In the graft copolymerization onto the trunk polymer containing various carboxylates, a lower electronegativity of countercation favors a higher anionic polymerization activity and the order of rate of polymerization coincides with that of anionic activities of catalysts. On the other hand, in the case of trunk polymer containing sulfonates, a higher electronegativity of countercation favors a cationic polymerization activity, and the order of rate of polymerization coincides with that of cationic activity of catalyst. The order of grafting efficiency at fixed total conversion coincides almost with that of anionic activity. The comparatively higher grafting efficiency in the grafting onto trunk polymer containing carboxylic acid might support an anionic graft copolymerization mechanism by carboxyl anion. The two following mechanisms were proposed for the initiation of the polymerization by the trunk polymer containing sodium sulfonate, in which acrylic acid is transformed from βPL.
Expanded Organic Building Units for the Construction of Highly Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks (2013)

Two new organic building units that contain dicarboxylate sites for their self-assembly with paddlewheel [Cu2(CO2)4] units have been successfully developed to construct two isoreticular porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), ZJU-35 and ZJU-36, which have the same tbo topologies (Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource (RCSR) symbol) as HKUST-1. Because the organic linkers in ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 are systematically enlarged, the pores in these two new porous MOFs vary from 10.8 Å in HKUST-1 to 14.4 Å in ZJU-35 and 16.5 Å in ZJU-36, thus leading to their higher porosities with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of 2899 and 4014 m(2) g(-1) for ZJU-35 and ZJU-36, respectively. High-pressure gas-sorption isotherms indicate that both ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 can take up large amounts of CH4 and CO2, and are among the few porous MOFs with the highest volumetric storage of CH4 under 60 bar and CO2 under 30 bar at room temperature. Their potential for high-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification was also preliminarily examined and compared with several reported MOFs, thus indicating the potential of ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 for this important application. Studies show that most of the highly porous MOFs that can volumetrically take up the greatest amount of CH4 under 60 bar and CO2 under 30 bar at room temperature are those self-assembled from organic tetra- and hexacarboxylates that contain m-benzenedicarboxylate units with the [Cu2(CO2)4] units, because this series of MOFs can have balanced porosities, suitable pores, and framework densities to optimize their volumetric gas storage. The realization of the two new organic building units for their construction of highly porous MOFs through their self-assembly with [Cu2(CO2)4] units has provided great promise for the exploration of a large number of new tetra- and hexacarboxylate organic linkers based on these new organic building units in which different aromatic backbones can be readily incorporated into the frameworks to tune their porosities, pore structures, and framework densities, thus targeting some even better performing MOFs for very high gas storage and efficient gas separation under high pressure and at room temperature in the near future.