gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralization of Human Interleukin 23 by Multivalent Nanobodies Explained by the Structure of Cytokine–Nanobody Complex (2017)

The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin (IL) 23 comprises the IL12-shared p40 subunit and an IL23-specific subunit, p19. Together with IL12 and IL27, IL23 sits at the apex of the regulatory mechanisms shaping adaptive immune responses. IL23, together with IL17, plays an important role in the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmune inflammatory diseases. In this context, we generated monovalent antihuman IL23 variable heavy chain domain of llama heavy chain antibody (V<sub>HH</sub>) domains (Nanobodies<sup>®</sup>) with low nanomolar affinity for human interleukin (hIL) 23. The crystal structure of a quaternary complex assembling hIL23 and several nanobodies against p19 and p40 subunits allowed identification of distinct epitopes and enabled rational design of a multivalent IL23-specific blocking nanobody. Taking advantage of the ease of nanobody formatting, multivalent IL23 nanobodies were assembled with properly designed linkers flanking an antihuman serum albumin nanobody, with improved hIL23 neutralization capacity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, as compared to the monovalent nanobodies. These constructs with long exposure time are excellent candidates for further developments targeting Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.
금강수계 내 인공호의 영양상태 및 엽록소-a와 수질변수들간의 경험적 상관관계에서의 지리적 변동 (2012)

In this study, we identified spatial and temporal patterns of reservoir trophic state within Keum-river watershed and analyzed correlations between chlorophyll-a (Chla) and water quality parameters including conductivity and total phosphorus (TP). The reservoirs were separated into three trophic categories by the criteria of TP: 2 oligotrophic (9.3~~9.4 μg L-1), 15 mesotrophic (10.3~~19.2 μg L-1), and 14 eutrophic reservoirs (38.9~~117.1 μg L-1). Water quality parameters such as conductivity, TP, and Chla reflected rainfall patterns, and the patters of annual mean TP were similar to the variation of annual mean Chl-a. Empirical models of Chl-a against TP in reservoirs showed that statistical significance (p/0.05) occurred in only some seasons and the trophic relations were modified by a washing-out effect or high non-algal light attenuation.
Linear Precoding for Finite-Alphabet Inputs Over MIMO Fading Channels With Statistical CSI (2012)

This paper investigates the linear precoder design that maximizes the average mutual information of multiple-input multiple-output fading channels with statistical channel state information known at the transmitter. It formulates the design from the standpoint of finite-alphabet inputs, which leads to a problem that is very important in practice but extremely difficult in theory: First, the average mutual information lacks closed-form expression and involves prohibitive computational burden. Second, the optimization over the precoder is nonconcave and thus easily gets stuck in local maxima. To address these issues, this study first derives lower and upper bounds for the average mutual information, in which the computational complexity is reduced by several orders of magnitude compared to calculating the average mutual information directly. It proves that maximizing the bounds is asymptotically optimal and shows that, with a constant shift, the lower bound actually offers a very accurate approximation to the average mutual information for various fading channels. This paper further proposes utilizing the lower bound as a low-complexity and accurate alternative for developing a two-step algorithm to find a near global optimal precoder. Numerical examples demonstrate the convergence and efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Compared to its conventional counterparts, the proposed linear precoding method provides significant performance gain over existing precoding algorithms. The gain becomes more substantial when the spatial correlation of MIMO channels increases.
Supervisory systems for all-optical network transmission systems (2002)

The feasibility of applying existing SDH/SONET-based supervising methodologies to wavelength division multiplexing type all-optical networks is discussed from the view point of alarm detection and generation, their transmission and fault localization. This paper shows that regenerator termination type systems can use the methodologies while optical cross-connect type systems cannot employ bit-oriented data transmission even with extensive modification. Finally, an optical input power monitoring scheme for optical amplifier repeaters is proposed that offers good performance.
A fluorometric method to determine rainfastness, volatilization and photostability of glyphosate from glass slides, after application of vision® with two adjuvants (1994)

Abstract A fluorometric method was developed to quantify glyphosate loss from glass surfaces after exposure to the natural forest environment. The method was based on the principle of converting glyphosate into glycine, followed by the fluorogenic labeling with o‐phthalaldehyde. A fluorometer (with λ Ex = 360 nm / λEm =430 nm) was used to quantify the derivatized fluorogenic compound. Response was linear over the concentration range of 143, 286, 572, 858 and 1144 μg of glyphosate (acid equivalent, AE) per mL of the diluted Vision® formulation. Three end‐use mixtures of Vision® were prepared, each at a concentration of 28.6 g AE/L, without and with two adjuvants, Ethomeen® T/25 at 4.5 mL/L and Silwet® L‐77 at 1.5 mL/L. Several dilutions of the end‐use mixtures were applied on glass slides without and with the coating of cuticular wax extracted from trembling aspen foliage. The slides were left for 5 days in a forest opening to determine rainfastness, volatilization and photostability of glyphosate. The residues were quantified using the method developed. Three calibration curves were required because Silwet decreased the fluorometric response of glyphosate, whereas Ethomeen increased it. The minimum detection limit was 143 μg of glyphosate/mL. Glyphosate was resistant to volatilization and sunlight‐mediated degradation, regardless of the presence of wax coating or the adjuvants. About 64% of the applied glyphosate was washed off after a 9.6 mm rainfall when no adjuvant was present. Both adjuvants provided some amount of rain‐protection to glyphosate, but Silwet reduced the washoff to a greater extent (46%) than Ethomeen (55%).
DNA binding and methyl transfer catalysed by mouse DNA methyltransferase (1995)

By using a purified fraction of mouse DNA methyltransferase we have shown, by gel-retardation analysis, that the enzyme forms a low-affinity complex preferentially with hemimethylated DNA; the complexes formed with unmethylated or with fully methylated DNA are of even lower affinity, and only very weak interaction occurs with DNA lacking CG dinucleotides. Interaction is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine is associated with the release of the fully methylated product from the complex. Complexes formed with the intact enzyme are extremely large, but limited trypsin treatment allows a major complex to enter the gel. DNA binding is not inhibited by this limited proteolysis of the native enzyme.
Programmable decoder and shadow threads: tolerate remote code injection exploits with diversified redundancy (2014)

We present a lightweight hardware framework for providing high assurance detection and prevention of code injection attacks using a lockstep diversified shadow execution. Recent studies show that hardware diversification can detect software attacks by checking the consistency of their behavior simultaneously. Unfortunately, the severe performance degradation and extra system costs caused by these methods are unacceptable in many applications. This paper presents a hardware-level, lockstep shadow thread framework to enrich the diversity of the software execution, with the facilitation from programmable hardware decoder and novel CPU support of tightly coupled shadow thread technique. Specifically, given a piece of (legacy) binary code, we first generate diversified binary versions using an offline binary rewriter and programmable hardware binary translator at runtime. Two diversified binary code images are launched as dual simultaneous threads in the hardware layer with one as the primary thread and the other one as shadow thread. Instructions from the shadow thread are not executed but just compared, and thus incur no OS side-effects. The extended CPU is able to decode instructions from both threads, and dispatch them to the next stage pipeline for a lockstep comparison. Any mismatch of the decoded instructions from the two threads caused by remotely injected binary code will be detected. Our design provides instruction set randomization (ISR) with minimal cost in performance, when compared with straight-forward ISR implementation. The simulation results indicate that our framework incurs very small overheads and provides a protection against code injection attacks.
Advertisement Effectiveness Estimation Based on Crowdsourced Multimodal Affective Responses (2018)

In this paper, we estimate the effectiveness of an advertisement using online data collection and the remote measurement of facial expressions and physiological responses. Recently, the online advertisement market has expanded, and the measurement of advertisement effectiveness has become very important. We collected a significant number of videos of Japanese faces watching video advertisements in the same scenario in which media is normally used via the Internet. Facial expression and physiological responses such as heart rate and gaze were remotely measured by analyzing facial videos. By combining the measured responses into multimodal features and using machine learning, we show that ad liking can be predicted (ROC AUC = 0.93) better than when only single-mode features are used. Furthermore, intent to purchase can be estimated well (ROC AUC = 0.91) using multimodal features.
Bistability observed in a Fabry–Perot interferometer with quadratic nonlinear medium (1982)

Bistability due to a second-order dispersive nonlinearity in a Fabry–Perot resonator is studied. The experiments are performed on a nonlinear transmission line resonator. Nonlinear resonance curves, bistability as well as instabilities, and the generation of harmonics are observed. The theoretical treatment of bistability is based upon a nonlinear dispersion relation as derived from an inspection of two interacting harmonics or, in a second approach, of propagating solitons.
Silicon-modified surfactants and wetting: I. Synthesis of the single components of Silwet L77 and their spreading performance on a low-energy solid surface (1999)

Defined surfactants of general formula [(CH3)3SiO]2CH3Si(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)3–9OCH3, have been synthesized from the corresponding oligoethylene glycol monoallyl monomethyl ethers via hydrosilylation. The concentration-dependent spreading performance on hydrophobized silicon wafers has been investigated and compared with that of Silwet L77. For the hexaethylene glycol derivative the highest initial spreading velocities and largest spreading areas were found. Since Silwet L77 spreads faster than all the other derivatives under investigation, a synergistic effect of different compounds is unlikely. Minor differences were found for handshaken and sonicated solutions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citrus Cachexia Viroid, a New Viroid of Citrus: Relationship to Viroids of the Exocortis Disease Complex (1988)

Summary Recovery of highly purified citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV) was accomplished by serial elution following CF-11 cellulose chromatography of a 2 m-LiCl-soluble nucleic acid preparation. The alternative herbaceous host, cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Suyo), yielded greater quantities of the viroid than the highest yielding citrus host, citron (Citrus medica cv. Etrog). A randomly primed cDNA probe to CCaV purified from cucumber reacted positively to extracts from citron and cucumber inoculated with the same isolate of CCaV. When tested against a broad range of other citrus viroids, the CCaV cDNA hybridized to only one, CV-IIa, which has been identified as the causal agent of a mild form of the citrus exocortis disease. Because of the apparent homology between the nucleotide sequences of CV-IIa and CCaV, and a size difference of only five to ten nucleotides, these RNAs can be considered as members of a common subgroup of citrus viroids. These two viroids have been classified by bioassay reactions as the causal agents of two distinct types of citrus disease, an ‘exocortis-like’ syndrome and cachexia. The properties of and relationships between these two members of the citrus viroid II group and the definition of the exocortis and cachexia (xyloporosis) diseases are presented.
Determining the Contact Angle of a Nonwetting Liquid in Pores by Liquid Intrusion Calorimetry (2000)

A microcalorimetric method is proposed to determine the contact angle of a nonwetting liquid within a mesoporous solid. It is based on the simultaneous measurement of the heat and work of wetting, as the pressure is raised. The method simply requires a previous determination of the surface area to be wetted. It allows one to carry out liquid intrusion porosimetry without any a priori assumption on the contact angle. This method is, in principle, applicable to mercury porosimetry. Its feasibility is shown here for water in porous hydrophobic silicas.
Effects of boron composition on tunneling magnetoresistance ratio and microstructure of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB pseudo-spin-valve magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

The effect of B concentration on the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of (Co25Fe75)100−xBx/MgO/(Co25Fe75)100−xBx (x = 22 and 33) pseudo-spin-valve (P-SV) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was investigated. The TMR ratios for optimally annealed MTJs with x = 22 and 33 were 340% and 170%, respectively, at room temperature. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation showed a weaker (001) texture in the MgO barrier in the MTJ with x = 33. The bottom electrode was not fully crystallized even with a considerable amount of B in the (Co25Fe75)67B33, while good epitaxy was observed between (001) textured MgO and (Co25Fe75)78B22 electrodes.
A clustering method for news articles retrieval system (2005)

Organizing the results of a search facilitates the user in overviewing the information returned. We regard the clustering task as the tasks of making labels for a list of items and we focus on news articles and propose a clustering method that uses named entity extraction.
Real-time programming and asynchronous message passing (1983)

This paper indicates a method of describing real-time processes and their asynchronous communication by means of message exchanges. This description method is based upon an extension of linear time temporal logic to a special temporal logic in which real-time and asynchronous message passing properties can be expressed. We give a model of this logic, define new operators and show amongst others how they can be applied to specify real-time asynchronous message passing and an abstract real-time transmission medium.
A System for the Automatic Adjustment and Control of the Conditioning Roll Gap on Mower-Conditioners (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Maintaining the correct gap between the conditioning rolls on mower-conditioners is critical for achieving the optimal conditioning of hay crops. Proper gap distance has been shown to significantly reduce in-field drying time. To improve the performance of conditioning rolls, an automatic adjustment system was developed to set and maintain roll gap. The system utilizes two DC gearmotors to adjust the mechanical stops on each end of the upper conditioning roll. The motors are controlled with an on-board microprocessor. As designed, the system provides several operating features including automatic gap adjustment by the operator from the cab, re-adjustment of the gap upon engine startup, and automatic roller separation for unplugging. The system provides a simple, cost effective, and safe solution for gap adjustment and maintenance.</div>
Demand for Wildlife Hunting in British Columbia (2005)

We present estimates of the demand for hunting licenses by residents and nonresidents in British Columbia for the period 1971–2000. We obtain estimates of both short‐run and long‐run price elasticities and discuss their revenue implications for future fee increases. We find the demand by nonresidents to be strongly correlated with U.S. income variation over the business cycle, but find no such role for cyclical income variation for resident hunters. The ability of the government to increase revenues from resident hunters turns out to be limited, particularly in the long run, while greater opportunities exist for raising revenues from U.S. hunters as short‐ and long‐run price elasticities of demand are quite inelastic. We argue that conservation surcharges on foreign hunters are one way of capturing more of the resource rent.
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is common in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with plaque instability (2016)

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a major role during development, and also contributes to several adult cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts are prominent in atherosclerosis, with key functions including regulation of: inflammation, matrix and collagen production, and plaque structural integrity. However, little is known about the origins of atherosclerosis-associated fibroblasts. Here we show using endothelial-specific lineage-tracking that EndMT-derived fibroblast-like cells are common in atherosclerotic lesions, with EndMT-derived cells expressing a range of fibroblast-specific markers. In vitro modelling confirms that EndMT is driven by TGF-β signalling, oxidative stress and hypoxia; all hallmarks of atherosclerosis. 'Transitioning' cells are readily detected in human plaques co-expressing endothelial and fibroblast/mesenchymal proteins, indicative of EndMT. The extent of EndMT correlates with an unstable plaque phenotype, which appears driven by altered collagen-MMP production in EndMT-derived cells. We conclude that EndMT contributes to atherosclerotic patho-biology and is associated with complex plaques that may be related to clinical events.
Análise comparativa da qualidade de panificação e rendimento de grãos entre tritórdeo hexaplóide e outros cereais de inverno (2003)

A duplicação cromossômica dos híbridos entre Hordeum chilense e Triticum turgidum conv. durum originou o tritórdeo hexaplóide (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), um novo cereal cujas características estão sendo avaliadas. Com o objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre o potencial do tritórdeo para a qualidade de panificação e componentes do rendimento de grãos, foi instalado em 1996 em Córdoba, Espanha, um experimento de campo com três repetições. O desempenho de três linhagens de tritórdeo foi comparado com o rendimento de duas variedades comerciais de trigo, duas de trigo duro e quatro de triticale. O conjunto de resultados indicou perspectivas do tritórdeo para o desenvolvimento de variedades altamente produtivas com aceitável qualidade de panificação, especialmente por se tratar de uma espécie nova e ainda pouco melhorada.
Development of the Hybrid System for the Saturn VUE Hybrid (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The hybrid system for the 2007 Model Year Saturn VUE Green Line Hybrid SUV was designed to provide the fuel economy of a compact sedan, while delivering improved acceleration performance over the base vehicle, and maintaining full vehicle utility. Key elements of the hybrid powertrain are a 2.4L DOHC engine with dual cam-phasers, a modified 4-speed automatic transmission, an electric motor-generator connected to the crankshaft through a bi-directional belt-drive system, power electronics to control the motor-generator, and a NiMH battery pack.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The VUE's hybrid functionality includes: engine stop-start, regenerative braking, intelligent charge control of the hybrid battery, electric power assist, and electrically motored creep. Methods of improving urban and highway fuel economy via optimal use of the hybrid motor and battery, engine and transmission hardware and controls modifications, and vehicle enhancements, are discussed. Development of the powertrain control system is also reviewed.</div>
A new 0.25- mu m recessed-channel MOSFET with selectively halo-doped channel and deep graded source/drain (1993)

To improve the performance and reliability of deep submicron MOS devices, a gate-recessed MOSFET (GR-MOSFET), which has a selectively halo-doped recessed channel and a deep graded source/drain formed without counterdoping, is proposed. The GR-MOS structure, which adopts a new doping concept, eliminates the tradeoff between drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and hot-carrier effect, which are important to deep submicron device design. It also reduces the V/sub T/ lowering effect and the lateral electric field at the drain. A 0.25- mu m GR-MOSFET with a 10-nm gate oxide has exhibited 15% higher transconductance and 10% increased saturation current at V/sub D/=V/sub G/=3.3 V, 1 V higher BV/sub DSS/, and six times less substrate current compared with an LDD-MOSFET of the same device dimensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel nonionic and cationic hydrogels prepared from <i>N</i>‐vinylacetamide (1993)

Abstract Poly( N ‐vinylacetamide) (polyNVA) hydrogels were prepared by the copolymerization of N ‐vinylacetamide (NVA) with divinyl compounds such as methylene‐bis‐acrylamide, methylene‐bis‐NVA, and butylene‐bis‐NVA in a high yield. The resulting hydrogels were more stable than polyacrylamide gel and showed quite a high swelling property in a wide range of pH (1–12) and even in a 5 M NaCl solution. They showed not only typical characteristics nonionic hydrogels, but also an amphiphilic property and they swelled well in some organic solvents. When the gels were partially hydrolyzed, cationic hydrogels, i.e., crosslinked poly(NVA‐co‐vinylamine), were collected. The resulting superabsorbent hydrogels absorbed 400 times of water. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Size Distribution of Aerosols Produced by the Laskin Aerosol Generator Using Substitute Materials for DOP (1983)

Test aerosols of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP) produced by the Laskin nozzle aerosol generator are widely used for in-place filter testing and respirator fit testing. Concern about health effects of DOP has led to a search for substitute materials for use as a test aerosol. Aerosols were generated with a Laskin generator and diluted 4800-fold with clean air. Size distributions were measured for DOP, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebecate, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, and corn oil aerosols with a PMS ASAS-X optical particle counter. Distributions gave count median diameters from 0.22 to 0.30 µm. Size distributions varied little with aerosol material, operating pressure, or liquid level. Mineral oil and corn oil gave the closest agreement to the DOP size distribution.
New approach for the treatment of osteoradionecrosis with pentoxifylline and tocopherol (2014)

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a significant complication of radiotherapy for oral cavity cancer. In addition to antibiotic medication, treatment options such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical approaches, and combined therapy with pentoxifylline and tocopherol have been recently introduced. In this review article, we will discuss the definition and classifications of osteoradionecrosis, its etiology and pathophysiology, previous treatment options, oral and maxillofacial complications of radiotherapy, basic information on pentoxifylline and tocopherol, recent reports of pentoxifylline and tocopherol combined therapy, and, finally, ORN-induced animal models and future approaches.