gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purging Compound for Polyamides and Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers (1996)

This paper discusses the development of a new purge compound, Plexar' PX 909, which was designed to remove residual polar resins, such as polyamides, ethylene/vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and oxidized polyolefins or color concentrates which adhere to the internal parts of an extruder and die. Several characterization techniques were used to compare the purging efficiency of PX 909 to that obtained with three commercial purge compounds and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Data showed that PX 909 was at least twice as efficient as other purging compounds in purging residual nylon or EVOH from extruders. The high purging efficiency of PX 909 is attributed to its ability to chemically react with residual polar compounds remaining in the extruder.
So Many Plasminogen Receptors: Why? (2012)

Plasminogen and plasmin tether to cell surfaces through ubiquitously expressed and structurally quite dissimilar family of proteins, as well as some nonproteins, that are collectively referred to as plasminogen receptors. Of the more than one dozen plasminogen receptors that have been identified, many have been shown to facilitate plasminogen activation to plasmin and to protect bound plasmin from inactivation by inhibitors. The generation of such localized and sustained protease activity is utilized to facilitate numerous cellular responses, including responses that depend on cellular migration. However, many cells express multiple plasminogen receptors and numerous plasminogen receptors are expressed on many different cell types. Furthermore, several different plasminogen receptors can be used to support the same cellular response, such as inflammatory cell migration. Here, we discuss the perplexing issue: why are there so many different Plg-Rs?
[Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against human c-Kit]. (2009)

With an immunization procedure using purified recombinant human c-Kit fusion proteins. a hybridoma cell line continuously and stably secreting anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibody has been established. The monoclonal antibody SRJ1 specifically recognizes human c-Kit expressed on the leukemia cells, and may provide a novel approach to analyze the possible structural variations of c-Kit expressed by different cells.
How to sell services more profitably. (2008)

When products become commodities, manufacturing companies may seek to differentiate themselves with value-added services--a potentially profitable strategy. Unfortunately, companies often stumble in the effort. Reinartz and Ulaga conducted in-depth studies of 18 leading companies in a broad variety of product markets to learn what distinguished the successes from the rest. They discovered four steps to developing a profitable services capability. RECOGNIZE THAT YOU ALREADY HAVE A SERVICE COMPANY: You can identify and charge for simple services--as Merck did when it stopped quietly absorbing shipping costs. Switching services from free to fee clarifies their value for managers as well as for customers. INDUSTRIALIZE THE BACK OFFICE: To prevent delivery costs from eating up service-offering margins, build flexible service platforms, closely monitor process costs, and exploit new technologies that enable process innovations. The Swedish bearings manufacturer SKF provided off-site access to an online monitoring tool that could warn of potential failure in customers' machines. CREATE A SERVICE-SAVVY SALES FORCE: Services require longer sales cycles and, often, decisions from high up in a customer's hierarchy; what's more, product salespeople may be inimical to change. Schneider-Electric did a major overhaul of its sales organization and trained its people to switch from cost-plus pricing to value-based pricing. FOCUS ON CUSTOMERS' PROCESSES AND THE OPPORTUNITIES THEY AFFORD FOR NEW SERVICE OFFERINGS: You may need to acquire new capabilities to take advantage of those opportunities: The industrial coatings specialist PPG had to learn how painting robots function after it offered to take over Fiat's Torino paint shop. Services can both lock in customers and help acquire new accounts. They should be developed with care and attention.
Iodine: Its possible role in tropospheric photochemistry (1980)

A detailed study of the photochemistry of iodine and its oxides indicates that iodine species may play an important, but heretofore ignored, role in the tropospheric photochemical system. Methyl iodide, often observed in the marine troposphere with an average concentration of 5–10 ppt (v/v), is photolyzed and thereby produces I atoms. Chemical interactions with O 3 , H x O y , and NO x cause I to be converted to other inorganic compounds such as IO, HOI, IONO 2 , and I 2 . The production of these species and their subsequent recycling back to I can lead to the catalytic removal of tropospheric O 3 , the enhancement of the NO 2 /NO ratio, the destruction of H x O y free radicals, and the conversion of HO 2 to OH. Ultimately, tropospheric inorganic iodine (IX) is removed by heterogeneous processes. Calculations using a numerical model to simulate tropospheric photochemistry indicate that iodine may have a strong impact upon the atmospheric O 3 ‐NO x ‐H x O y system. The magnitude of these effects is dependent upon the value of several uncertain rate constants and the primary source distributions of CH 3 I and other organic and inorganic iodine compounds.
Phase Transitions of Gels (1992)

Polymer gels are known to exist in two distinct phases, swollen and collapsed. Volume transition occurs between the phases either continuously or discontinuously in response to chemical and physical stimuli such as temperature, solvent composition, pH, ionic composition, electric field, light, and particular molecules. For a gel to undergo the phase transition, it is necessary that polymers interact with each other through both repulsive and attractive interactions and the balance of competing interactions has to be modified by various stimuli. The phase behavior of a gel, therefore, crucially depends on the nature of interactions between polymers. Recently new phases and volume transitions between them have been discovered in some gels. Detailed examination of the gel phase behavior provides a deep insight into the polymer-polymer interactions and configurations of polymers. The knowledge on physical and chemical fundamentals of gel phase transition will play a role as guiding principles for a wide variety of technological applications of gels as functional elements.
Health and the Built Environment: Exploring Foundations for a New Interdisciplinary Profession (2012)

The supportive role of the built environment for human health is a growing area of interdisciplinary research, evidence-based policy development, and related practice. Nevertheless, despite closely linked origins, the contemporary professions of public health and urban planning largely operate within the neoliberal framework of academic, political, and policy silos. A reinvigorated relationship between the two is fundamental to building and sustaining an effective "healthy built environment profession." A recent comprehensive review of the burgeoning literature on healthy built environments identified an emergent theme which we have termed "Professional Development." This literature relates to the development of relationships between health and built environment professionals. It covers case studies illustrating good practice models for policy change, as well as ways professionals can work to translate research into policy. Intertwined with this empirical research is a dialogue on theoretical tensions emerging as health and built environment practitioners and researchers seek to establish mutual understanding and respect. The nature of evidence required to justify policy change, for example, has surfaced as an area of asynchrony between accepted disciplinary protocols. Our paper discusses this important body of research with a view to initiating and supporting the ongoing development of an interdisciplinary profession of healthy planning.
Operator binding by lambda repressor heterodimers with one or two N-terminal arms. (1995)

The first 6 amino acids (NH2-Ser1-Thr2-Lys3-Lys4-Lys5-Pro6) of bacteriophage lambda cI repressor form a flexible arm that wraps around the operator DNA. Homodimeric lambda repressor has two arms. To determine whether both arms are necessary or only one arm is sufficient for operator binding, we constructed heterodimeric repressors with two, one, or no arms by fusing the DNA binding domain of lambda repressor to leucine zippers from Fos and Jun. Although only one arm is visible in the cocrystal structure of the N-domain-operator complex, our results indicate that both arms are required for optimal operator binding and normal site discrimination.
A Review on the Potential Role of Basement Membrane Laminin in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis (2015)

We have previously reviewed alterations to basement membrane laminin in psoriasis and how disruption of this layer could lead to at least some of the pathological changes observed. We here postulate that basement membrane laminin is the key antigen in driving psoriasis, inducing a T cell-mediated autoimmune response. For laminin to be considered as the key autoantigen in psoriasis, it would be reasonable to expect the following to be demonstrable: (1) that autoantigens are present in psoriatic inflammation; (2) that basement membrane laminin is perturbed in involved and uninvolved skin, and that some of the pathological changes associated with psoriasis could be predicted as a sequel to this; (3) that disruption of the basement membrane is among the earliest events in the evolution of psoriatic lesions; (4) that as streptococcal pharyngitis is the most clearly defined event to trigger or exacerbate psoriasis, then a T cell-mediated autoimmune response to laminin should be anticipated as a potential sequelae to streptococcal pharyngitis; (5) that T cells in psoriasis can be shown to react to peptides with homology to laminin; (6) that HLACw6, as the most closely related gene associated with psoriasis and which is involved in antigen expression, should be preferentially expressed within lesional psoriasis towards the basement membrane, together with other proximal associated immune activity; and (7) that there is some association between antilaminin pemphigoid, a humorally mediated autoimmune disease to skin basement membrane laminin, and psoriasis. We here review the data relevant to each of these requirements.
GaAs p-n Junction Diodes for Wide Range Thermometry (1963)

It has been observed that the forward voltage drop, at constant forward current, of a GaAs diffused p-n junction varies almost linearly with temperature from 2.0°K to above 300°K. Since carrier ``freeze-out'' at low temperatures is not observed, these junctions make excellent cryometers. In addition, these diodes exhibit good repeatability on temperature cycling and an insensitivity to magnetic fields. The sensitivity of the devices measured near room temperature is ΔV/ΔT≈−3.5 mV/°C, If=0.1 μA; ΔV/ΔT≈−2.0 mV/°C, If=1.0 mA. The sensitivity decreases slowly toward lower temperatures and at liquid helium is −1.5 mV/°C and is essentially independent of current. This high and nearly uniform sensitivity over such a wide temperature range is unique among low temperature thermometers. The shape of the temperature-voltage characteristic, with current as a parameter, is explained quite satisfactorily for T&gt;50°K by assuming that the device conducts primarily recombination-generation currents, according to the theory of Sah, Noyce, and Shockley. Below 50°K certain deviations from this theory occur, but the applicability of the devices to thermometry is not affected. It appears likely that these devices are capable of a temperature resolution of at least ±0.01°C over the entire range investigated, using ordinary current sources and precision potentiometers.
Water damage in polyester resins (1967)

Abstract The nature of cracks, produced in three cured polyester resins during exposure to water has been studied by the combined techniques of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. There are many cracks totally enclosed within the resin and it is shown that these must be attributed to pockets of high pressure produced at impurity inclusions by interaction with water : in most cases, osmotic pressure from water soluble inorganic inclusions. The distribution and orientation of cracks gives evidence of relatively complex laminar stress distributions generated by water exposure in a polyester resin plate. There can be a laterally compressive stress in the interior of a plate, with laterally tensile stress at or nearer to the surface. It is pointed out that the interactions of water with a cured polyester resin have the necessary complexity to generate such stress systems since the first effects, water uptake and hydrolysis, causing swelling, also enhance molecular mobility and can promote further double-bond polymerization, accompanied by shrinkage.
Studies on banana pseudostem starch: Production, yield, physico‐chemical properties and uses (1957)

Abstract The presence of considerable quantities of starch in the banana pseudostem has been demonstrated for the first time. Evidence is presented to show that the starch content of the stems varies and is influenced by the variety, locality, stage of growth, physiological state of the plant and climatic conditions, and particularly by the moisture content of the stems. The desirability of screening varieties with a view to selecting consistent yielders has been emphasized. The process evolved for the manufacture of banana pseudostem starch is outlined, and the potentialities of this new raw material as a source of starch indicated. Physico‐chemical properties of the starch have been described. The starch can be used for industrial and edible purposes in place of ordinary starches. Sizing tests have shown that it compares very favourably with the common starches and, in view of the some‐what transparent nature of the pastes, imparts better lustre to the finished goods.
Correction of pixel sensitivity variation and off‐axis response for amorphous silicon EPID dosimetry (2005)

The aim of this work is to determine the pixel sensitivity variation and off-axis dose response of an amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device (EPID), and develop a correction method to improve EPID dosimetry. The uncorrected or raw pixel response of the aS500 amorphous silicon EPID shows differences in response (sensitivity) of individual pixels as well as a large off-axis differential response with respect to an ion chamber in water. Both can be corrected by division of raw images by the flood-field (FF) image. However, this leads to two problems for dosimetry: (1) the beam profile is present in both the raw image and FF image, and hence is "washed out" of the corrected image, and (2) any mismatch of EPID position between dosimetry and FF calibration means that the beam profile and off-axis response in the raw image and FF are misaligned. This causes artifacts in FF division and dosimetric errors. A method was developed to measure the off-axis response and pixel sensitivity variation separately to allow correction of images at any EPID position while retaining beam profile information. The pixel sensitivity variation is applied to the imager plane and is independent of imager position. The off-axis response depends on the imager plane position relative to the beam central axis. The pixel sensitivities were derived from multiple images of the same symmetric field acquired with the detector displaced laterally between each image. The off-axis response was measured by acquiring off-axis raw images (FF correction removed) and dividing out the off-axis beam fluence and previously determined pixel sensitivity differences. The dosimetric errors due to lateral and vertical detector displacement with the conventional FF calibration method were measured and compared to the new method. Corrected EPID profiles were then compared to beam profiles measured with ion chamber in water for open fields. The EPID was found to have a large off-axis differential response with respect to an ion chamber in water, particularly for 6 MV. This increased to 13% at 15 cm off-axis for 6 MV, and 3.5% for 18 MV at the isocenter plane. The dosimetric errors introduced by detector displacement with conventional FF calibration were found to be approximately 1% per centimeter of lateral detector displacement and 0.1% per centimeter of vertical displacement. These were reduced to less than 1% for any position with the new correction method. Corrected EPID images agreed with ion-chamber measurements to within 2% (excluding penumbra and low-dose areas outside the field) for various field sizes. The new correction method gives consistent dosimetry for any EPID position and retains beam profile information in the image.
Complement-inhibiting activities of human CD59 and analogues from rat, sheep, and pig are not homologously restricted. (1994)

Human erythrocyte CD59 and analogues isolated from erythrocytes of rat, sheep, and pig were examined for their ability to protect erythrocytes from various species against lysis by C from homologous and heterologous sources. In all cases, incorporation of human CD59 or analogues from rat, sheep, and pig efficiently protected guinea pig erythrocytes against lysis by C homologous with the CD59. However, each of the CD59 analogues also conferred on guinea pig erythrocytes protection against C from most heterologous species. These results demonstrate that none of the CD59 analogues tested were species specific in their C-inhibiting activity. Erythrocytes from species other than guinea pig could not be protected by incorporation of any of the available CD59 analogues despite similar incorporation in all erythrocytes tested. We suggest that the presence of endogenous inhibitors on these other erythrocytes masks the activity of incorporated CD59. Evidence that is supportive of this hypothesis was provided by demonstrating that blocking the endogenous CD59 with mAbs rendered erythrocytes susceptible to inhibition by high dosages of incorporated CD59.
Benign variations and incidental abnormalities of myocardial FDG uptake in the fasting state as encountered during routine oncology positron emission tomography studies (2007)

Increased 18fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the myocardium is frequently observed while performing clinical positron emission tomography (PET) body scans for oncology under fasting conditions. This article reviews the normal variations and abnormal appearances of myocardial FDG accumulation which are likely to be encountered in the routine PET studies. Knowledge about the myocardial glucose metabolism and specific abnormalities are indispensable in the interpretation of myocardial FDG uptake.
Neuroendocrine activity in untreated heart failure. (1991)

Neuroendocrine activity was studied in 60 consecutive untreated patients with dyspnoea and a clinical suspicion of heart failure. On the basis of the so-called Boston clinical criteria the diagnosis of heart failure was regarded as unlikely in 26 patients, possible in 15 patients, and definite in 19 patients. These groups were studied before any drug treatment was started and were compared with a control group of 69 healthy individuals. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was clearly raised in patients with definite heart failure and slightly raised in patients with possible heart failure. Plasma adrenaline concentration was somewhat raised in patients with definite or possible heart failure, whereas plasma noradrenaline concentration was raised only in patients with definite heart failure. Plasma renin activity was not increased in any of the patient groups and plasma aldosterone concentration was slightly increased only in patients with definite heart failure. In the total patient series there were significant correlations between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and markers of the severity of left ventricular dysfunction. There was some evidence of neuroendocrine activation in untreated heart failure: plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and catecholamines were increased but the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system showed little or no activation.
Conducting polymers ? bridging the bionic interface (2007)

Inherently conducting polymers (ICPs) such as polypyrroles, polythiophenes and polyanilines have become commonplace in today's materials research laboratories. However, the most intriguing aspect of these materials - the ability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties - remains an area of intense and intriguing research activity. As we understand more of this behaviour, we have turned our attention to a range of areas in which it can be utilised. Perhaps the most challenging of these areas is in bridging the bionic interface, providing a more effective conduit between electronics and biology.
Diagnóstico de la Infección Tuberculosa en “Documento de consenso sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la tuberculosis” (2012)

La tuberculosis (TB) continua siendo una de las enfermedades 
infecciosas con mayor morbilidad en el mundo 
y causa de mortalidad en paises pobres con elevada incidencia. 
En Espana, y segun datos de 2006, la tasa de enfermedad 
tuberculosa es de 18 enfermos por cada cien mil 
habitantes.
Evaluation of Device Parameters for Membrane Lasers on Si Fabricated with Active-Layer Bonding Followed by Epitaxial Growth (2017)

We have developed membrane distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers on thermally oxidized Si substrate (SiO2/Si substrate) to evaluate the parameters of the on-Si lasers we have been developing. The lasers have InGaAsP-based multi-quantum wells (MQWs) grown on InP substrate. We used direct bonding to transfer this active epitaxial layer to SiO2/Si substrate, followed by epitaxial growth of InP to fabricate a buried-heterostructure (BH) on Si. The lateral p-i-n structure was formed by thermal diffusion of Zn and ion implantation of Si. For the purpose of evaluating laser parameters such as internal quantum efficiency and internal loss, we fabricated long-cavity lasers that have 200- to 600-µm-long active regions. The fabricated DBR lasers exhibit threshold currents of 1.7, 2.1, 2.8, and 3.7mA for active-region lengths of 200, 300, 400, and 600µm, respectively. The differential quantum efficiency also depends on active-region length. In addition, the laser characteristics depend on the distance between active region and p-doped region. We evaluated the internal loss to be 10.2cm-1 and internal quantum efficiency to be 32.4% with appropriate doping profile.
WEIGHTED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT MLLR FOR SPEAKER ADAPTATION (1999)

We present two new speaker adaptation methods which apply principal component analysis to maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) framework. If we apply MLLR after transforming the baseline mean vectors by their eigenvectors, the variance of the estimates for the MLLR matrix are inversely proportional to their corresponding eigenvalues. We describe two techniques to reduce the variance of the estimation, Principal Component MLLR (PC-MLLR) and Weighted Principal Component MLLR (WPC-MLLR). In experiments using sentences from the 1994 DARPA Wall Street Journal evaluation, the use of WPC-MLLR provided a relative reduction in word error rates of 15.1% for non-native speakers and 6.0% for native speakers compared to conventional MLLR. Estimate MLLR matrix Update Recognize test data Update Gaussian means Low recognition accuracy A small amount of data A large estimation error Better estimation Better recognition accuracy We would like to achieve Related Work . Block diagonal MLLR: Reduce...