gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Merozoite Surface Protein 8 Is a Ring-Stage Membrane Protein That Localizes to the Parasitophorous Vacuole of Infected Erythrocytes (2005)

To date, the following seven glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored merozoite antigens have been described in Plasmodium falciparum: merozoite-associated surface protein 1 (MSP-1), MSP-2, MSP-4, MSP-5, MSP-8, MSP-10, and the rhoptry-associated membrane antigen. Of these, MSP-1, MSP-8, and MSP-10 possess a double epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain at the C terminus, and these modules are considered potential targets of protective immunity. In this study, we found that surprisingly, P. falciparum MSP-8 is transcribed and translated in the ring stage and is absent from the surface of merozoites. MSP-8 is the only GPI-anchored protein known to be expressed at this time. It is synthesized as a mature 80-kDa protein which is rapidly processed to a C-terminal 17-kDa species that contains the double EGF module. As determined by a combination of immunofluorescence and membrane purification approaches, it appears likely that MSP-8 initially localizes to the parasite plasma membrane in the ring stage. Although the C-terminal 17-kDa fragment is present in more mature stages, at these times it is found in the food vacuole. We successfully disrupted the MSP-8 gene in P. falciparum, a process that validated the specificity of the antibodies used in this study and also demonstrated that MSP-8 does not play a role essential to maintenance of the erythrocyte cycle. This finding, together with the observation that MSP-8 is exclusively intracellular, casts doubt over the viability of this antigen as a vaccine. However, it is still possible that MSP-8 is involved in an early parasitophorous vacuole function that is significant for pathogenesis in the human host.
Multifunctional mesoporous hollow silica nanocapsules for targeted co-delivery of cisplatin-pemetrexed and MR imaging (2014)

The development of theranostic mesoporous hollow silica nanospheres having therapeutic and diagnostic functions has been achieved. The exterior surface of the hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere was selectively acid functionalized and utilised to conjugate the anticancer drug cisplatin, the marker molecule folic acid (FA), and rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC), whereas the interior space was utilised to encapsulate superparamagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as well as the hydrophobic anticancer drug pemetrexed. The hydrodynamic size of the synthesized multidrug loaded hollow particles is 130 nm in physiological pH and it is consistent over a long period. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on fluorescent magnetic hollow spheres loaded with multiple therapeutic cargoes as well as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The as prepared hollow spheres are biocompatible. The internalization efficiency of the drug loaded particle has been evaluated on folate receptor overexpressed (FR+ve) HeLa, FR-ve HaCat and 3T3 cells. These drug loaded nanospheres exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to individual drugs. Such a strategy in the simultaneous administration of pemetrexed and platin drugs may open up opportunities for the treatment of lung cancer at its early stage.
Full-Length Complementary DNA and the Derived Amino Acid Sequence of Horse Uteroglobin1 (2002)

After its original description as a steroid-dependent protein in the rabbit uterus, uteroglobin became one of the best characterized proteins. However, detailed knowledge of its physiological role remains an enigma. In this study we investigate how its structure is phylogenetically conserved in the horse compared to other mammalian species. Northern blot analysis showed that in horses, the main expression of uteroglobin appears in lung, uterus, and prostate tissues. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the dimeric form of uteroglobin is found predominantly in biological compartments. Using a RACE-PCR technique, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA (473 base pairs) that encodes equine uteroglobin. The nucleotide sequence was shown to characterize the primary structure of this protein. This enabled us to add equine uteroglobin to a comparative amino acid alignment of 8 other uteroglobin molecules, and finally, to unravel 14 evolutionary completely conserved amino acids. We summarize these results with a computer-based 3-D model of horse uteroglobin, and discuss new concepts on the physiological role of uteroglobin, in particular as a specific binding protein.
A negative pressure microhead slider for ultralow spacing with uniform flying height (1991)

A negative-pressure head slider for ultralow flying has been developed which features a newly shaped air bearing surface that gains sufficient suction force because the distance between the two side rails gradually widens from the leading to the trailing edge of the slider. The slider has a fast takeoff, and the flying height is insensitive to disk velocity. It also avoids the dust accumulation problem seen in the conventional negative-pressure slider. The slider's absence of taper suppresses generation to floating force, resulting in a microslider with relatively wide siderails. The flare angle of the siderails also contributes to making the flying height insensitive to the yaw angle, resulting in a uniform flying height over the entire disk surface. The recess needed to generate suction is a shallow 2 mu m, so the flexible rail shape is easily manufactured using photolithography.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting Charging Time of Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Regression and Time-Series Methods: A Case Study of Beijing (2018)

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) reduce energy consumption and air pollution as compared with conventional vehicles. However, the limited driving range and potential long charging time of BEVs create new problems. Accurate charging time prediction of BEVs helps drivers determine travel plans and alleviate their range anxiety during trips. This study proposed a combined model for charging time prediction based on regression and time-series methods according to the actual data from BEVs operating in Beijing, China. After data analysis, a regression model was established by considering the charged amount for charging time prediction. Furthermore, a time-series method was adopted to calibrate the regression model, which significantly improved the fitting accuracy of the model. The parameters of the model were determined by using the actual data. Verification results confirmed the accuracy of the model and showed that the model errors were small. The proposed model can accurately depict the charging time characteristics of BEVs in Beijing.
Assessment of Motor Coordination and Balance in Mice Using the Rotarod, Elevated Bridge, and Footprint Tests (2012)

Abstract In order fully to utilize animal models of disease states, to test experimental therapeutics, and to understand the underlying pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease, behavioral characterization of the model is essential. Deterioration of normal motor function within a disease state signals the progression of an underlying pathological process, and identifies disease‐sensitive time points according to which the onset of therapeutic trials may be scheduled. Deterioration in the performance of motor tasks may also indicate the point when motor deficits begin to compromise our ability to measure other deficits within cognitive and behavioral domains. In acute therapeutic trials, the separation of motor from cognitive or behavioral function may be crucial in determining the functional specificity of the drug effect. If we are to accurately measure motor performance in disease progression or during drug trials, tests of motor function that have been highly optimized with respect to sensitivity must be applied. Since motor coordination and balance are essential to normal motor function, tests that probe these facets are ideal for the purpose. In this chapter, we describe in detail three test protocols that principally measure motor coordination (the rotarod and footprint tests) and balance (the elevated bridge test) in mice. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol . 2:37‐53 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Volatile β-Ketoiminato- and β-Diketiminato-Based Zirconium Complexes as Potential MOCVD Precursors (2003)

An amine elimination pathway has been used to produce a number of homo- and heteroleptic zirconium complexes, starting from tetrakis(dialkylamido)zirconium complexes and beta-diketimine or, alternatively, Schiff Base compounds. Reaction of 2 equiv of the bidentate beta-diketimine (2Z,4E)-N-methyl-4-(methylimino)pent-2-en-2-amine with Zr(NR(2))(4) (R = Me, Et) affords the six-coordinate heteroleptic compounds bis(N-methyl-4-(methylimino)pent-2-en-2-amido)bis(dialkylamido)zirconium 1 (alkyl = Me) and 2 (alkyl = Et). The dynamic behavior of these two compounds in solution has been investigated. Reaction with the isopropyl-substituted beta-diketimine (2Z)-N-isopropyl-4-(isopropylimino)pent-2-en-2-amine gives the five-coordinate mono(diketiminato)-substituted compound (N-isopropyl-4-(isoropylimino)pent-2-en-2-amido)tris(dimethylamido )zirconium, 3. With employment of the Schiff base (3Z)-4-(methylamino)pent-3-en-2-one, it was also possible to prepare the six-coordinate bis(4-(methylamino)pent-3-en-2-onato)bis(diethylamido)zirconium compound 4. When the bidentate ligand bearing hydrogen as substituent on the imino-nitrogen atom was employed, homoleptic tetrakis(beta-ketoiminato)- and tetrakis(beta-diketiminato)zirconium compounds 5 and 6 can be obtained. Complexes 1 and 5 have been tested for their air stability with reference to Zr(NMe(2))(4). The stability order turned out to be 1 > 5 >> Zr(NMe(2))(4). The thermal properties and volatility of all the compounds are discussed in view of their potential application in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition processes (MOCVD) of zirconium nitride.
Aminophosphines derived from <i>N</i>‐phenylpiperazine and <i>N</i>‐ethylpiperazine: Synthesis, oxidation reactions, and molybdenum complexes (2011)

Abstract Functionalized aminophosphine of the type Ph 2 PNR 2 ( 1,2 ) have been synthesized by treating Ph 2 PCl with N ‐phenylpiperazine or N ‐ethylpiperazine. Oxidation of these ligands with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur or selenium afforded the corresponding phosphine oxides 3,4 , sulfides 5,6 , and selenides 7,8 in good yields. The molybdenum complexes of the aminophosphines have been obtained. All new compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and microanalysis, and the molecular structures of two representative compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:679–686, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/hc.20733
Genes, Fat Intake, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Quebec Family Study (2007)

These results suggest that several alleles at candidate genes interact with dietary fat intake to modulate well-known CVD risk factors. The identification of gene-diet interaction effects is likely to provide useful information concerning the etiology of CVD.
Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity of the bradykinin antagonist, icatibant (Hoe 140), against an extract from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (1994)

1. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria likely to be related to pain in periodontitis. Several enzymes isolated from P. gingivalis have been reported to have kininogenase activity. Since kinin release could be held responsible for inflammatory symptoms and pain in periodontitis, we investigated whether the inflammatory and algesic effects of a sonic extract from P. gingivalis (PGSE) could be inhibited by the potent bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, icatibant (Hoe 140). 2. In anaesthetized rats, the subplantar injection of PGSE (0.1 and 1.0 mg) caused a dose-dependent oedema of the hind paws. The net increase of the paw volume 60 min after the injection was 23 +/- 5% and 77 +/- 12%, respectively. The oedema was rich in plasma proteins as determined by the Evans blue method. Pretreatment with icatibant (300 nmol kg-1, s.c.) significantly reduced the effect of 1.0 mg of PGSE whereas the effects of 0.1 mg of PGSE remained unaffected. 3. The subplantar injection of 1.0 mg of PGSE in unanaesthetized rats caused nociceptive behavioural responses which started about 5 min after the injection and lasted for about 10-15 min. These responses were completely prevented by pretreatment with icatibant (300 nmol kg-1, s.c.). 4. The present results show that the plasma extravasation induced by non-algesic doses of a sonic extract from P. gingivalis are caused by mechanisms other than B2 kinin receptor activation whereas inflammatory effects of algesic doses are due to the action of kinins. The pain elicited by the extract is solely mediated by kinins and can be prevented by icatibant. The bradykinin antagonist could thus have a potential for a clinical use against pain associated with periodontal inflammation.
<title>Brief history of vector Doppler</title> (2001)

Since the development of the directional Doppler by McLeod in 1967, methods of acquiring, analyzing, and displaying blood velocity information have been under constant exploration. These efforts are motivated by a variety of interest and objectives including, to: a) simplify clinical examination, examiner training, and study interpretation, b) provide more hemodynamic information, and c) reduce examination variability and improve accuracy. The vector Doppler technique has been proposed as one potential avenue to achieve these objects. Vector Doppler systems are those that determine the true 2D or 3D blood flow velocity by combining multiple independent velocity component measurements. Most instruments can be divided into two broad categories: 1) cross-beam and 2) time-domain. This paper provides a brief synopsis of the progression of vector Doppler techniques, from its onset in 1970 to present, as well as possible avenues for future work. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all vector Doppler systems.
Modelling Context-Aware Security for Electronic Health Records (2007)

The Internet has proven to be the most convenient and demanding facility for various types of businesses and transactions for the past few years. In recent years, business information systems have expanded into networks, encompassing partners, suppliers, and customers. There has been a global availability (Anderson, 2001; BSI Global, 2003) of resources over the Internet to satisfy different needs in various fields. The availability factor has called for various security challenges in fields where information is very valuable and not meant for all. Potential threats to information and system security come from a variety of sources. These threats may result in violations to confidentiality, interruptions in information integrity, and possible disruption in the delivery of services. So it is essential to manage the flow of information over the network with the required level of security.
A Stochastic Collocation Method for Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation in Cardiovascular Simulations (2010)

Simulations of blood flow in both healthy and diseased vascular models can be used to compute a range of hemodynamic parameters including velocities, time varying wall shear stress, pressure drops, and energy losses. The confidence in the data output from cardiovascular simulations depends directly on our level of certainty in simulation input parameters. In this work, we develop a general set of tools to evaluate the sensitivity of output parameters to input uncertainties in cardiovascular simulations. Uncertainties can arise from boundary conditions, geometrical parameters, or clinical data. These uncertainties result in a range of possible outputs which are quantified using probability density functions (PDFs). The objective is to systemically model the input uncertainties and quantify the confidence in the output of hemodynamic simulations. Input uncertainties are quantified and mapped to the stochastic space using the stochastic collocation technique. We develop an adaptive collocation algorithm for Gauss-Lobatto-Chebyshev grid points that significantly reduces computational cost. This analysis is performed on two idealized problems--an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a carotid artery bifurcation, and one patient specific problem--a Fontan procedure for congenital heart defects. In each case, relevant hemodynamic features are extracted and their uncertainty is quantified. Uncertainty quantification of the hemodynamic simulations is done using (a) stochastic space representations, (b) PDFs, and (c) the confidence intervals for a specified level of confidence in each problem.
Autonomous tasks allocation and path generation of UAV's (2007)

The feasibility and survivability of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV's) in field applications have been demonstrated during many of the recent conflicts. UAV's have the potential to reduce costs and personnel while performing certain missions such as surveillance and reconnaissance with higher efficiency and lower risks. Since it is now recognized that a single UAV cannot achieve all tasks required during a mission, the option of using fleets of UAV's with complementary capabilities is now explored. However, controlling and coordinating such fleets will be almost impossible when considering the overwhelming number of degrees of freedom and their associated constraints, if individual UAV do not possess a high level of autonomy. Addressing the need for intelligent controllers, this work presents a new approach for on-line trajectory planning of a single UAV. The approach uses a genetic algorithm and integrates constraints of different types including specific times of arrival, vectors of approach close to target points, multiple objectives, weather conditions and behavioural guidelines with respect to speed, altitude and obstacle distance. The UAV's controller is divided into three modules. The first one is a trajectory generator that uses an analytical model to simulate the dynamics of UAV's. It is used to compute new trajectories in 3D as well as to assess the feasibility of existing ones. The second module is a knowledge base that uses a hybrid octree structure to represent terrain in 3D. The octree compresses digital elevation data by setting the resolution of the UAV's internal map to different levels based on the homogeneity of the terrain. The third module is a Genetic Algorithm that finds and optimizes candidate trajectories which fulfill all objectives of a mission while taking in account a variable number of constraints with varying preponderance. Simulations have shown that the intelligent controller could find viable trajectories within 10 to 20 seconds for missions with a single objective, demonstrating the feasibility of using this control scheme for real-time path planning for UAV's. Dynamically feasible trajectories satisfying all constraints could also be found for missions with up to three objectives. However, real time capabilities were severely reduced for such complex missions, the average computing time varying from 200 to 450 seconds. In all cases, all resulting trajectories were dynamically feasible, and could be readily used by the autopilot.
Probing attractive forces at the nanoscale using higher-harmonic dynamic force microscopy (2005)

We systematically investigate higher harmonics in the vibration spectrum of scanning force microscope cantilevers operating in the attractive regime. We show that (a) the magnitudes of the higher-harmonic signals in the vibration spectrum should be directly correlated to the local van der Waals forces for systems without significant electrostatic interactions and (b) the higher-harmonic resonances are much sharper than the fundamental harmonic. Consequently, and unlike the case of the tapping mode operation, contrast in the amplitudes of the higher harmonics over a scanned sample with small electrostatic forces reflects changes in specific chemical composition. Dynamic force-distance curves and higher-harmonic images are presented to demonstrate contrast between biological macromolecules deposited on a mica substrate. The results suggest that the systematic measurement of higher harmonics in the attractive regime can lead to highly sensitive techniques to map the chemical composition over heterogeneous samples.
Measurement of Interfacial Adhesion and its Degradation in Multi-Layer Packages, Devices, and Blanket Films Using the Laser Spallation Technique (2000)

Abstract A laser spallation technique to measure the tensile strength of thin film interfaces is introduced. In this technique, a laser-generated stress wave of nanosecond duration in the substrate spalls off (completely removes) a coating deposited on the substrate’s front surface. The threshold laser energy is converted into the tensile stress (strength) at the failure site (usually the interface) by using an optical interferometer. Because of the ultra-short duration of the stress wave loading, all plastic deformation processes that usually accompany the coating decohesion event are suppressed such that the measured value can be regarded as fundamental or intrinsic to the material system (including the defects, if any). Application of this technique to test planar as well geometrically heterogeneous interfaces in IC’s, substrates, and packages is demonstrated. The technique is used to quantify the degrading effects of moisture and in-situ temperature rise on the tensile strength of a polyimide/Si3N4/Si interface system whose strength was systematically degraded by exposing the samples to controlled humidity (50-70% RH) conditions for varying duration (12-96 hrs) and temperatures (30°C-150°C). These measurements of strength degradation can now be used to predict device reliability from a fundamental standpoint in conjunction with simulations capable of predicting time-dependent stress concentrations, moisture accumulation, and temperature rise at critical interfaces during processing and service environment in actual systems.
Phenolic Oxidative Coupling Reaction of 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4, 5-methylenedioxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-isoquinoline with Ferric Chloride (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCLXV) (1968)

Phenolic oxidation of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4, 5-methylenedioxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-2-methylisoquinoline (Ib) afforded the dienone (IIb) in 3.2% yield, which was characterized by its microanalysis and spectral determination.
Semantics and routing in wireless sensor networks: Challenges and opportunities (2009)

In this paper, we propose to add semantics to routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. We show the benefits of introducing such a concept and investigate its challenges and opportunities. The advantages of our approach are illustrated in a forest fire detection scenario.