gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of the genetic factors determining expression and function of hepatic CYP2D6 (2001)

Variable expression and function of the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) leads to distinct phenotypes termed ultrarapid (UM), extensive (EM), intermediate (IM) and poor metabolizer (PM). Whereas the PM phenotype is known to be caused by two null-alleles leading to absence of functional CYP2D6 protein, the large variability among individuals with functional alleles remained largely unexplained. In this study, we systematically investigated 76 liver biopsies from individuals with known sparteine metabolic ratios (MRS) for the relationships between CYP2D6 genotype, microsomal protein expression, bufuralol 1′-hydroxylase activity and in-vivo phenotype. Average CYP2D6 protein levels ranged from undetectable in PMs (MRS> 20) to 2.6 ± 2.7 pmol/mg microsomal protein in IMs (1.2 < MRS< 20), 7.6 ± 4.7 in EMs (0.2 < MRS< 1.2) and 23.8 ± 7.7 in UMs (MRS< 0.2), respectively. Analysis with respect to genotype demonstrated gradually increased expression and function for individuals with no, one, two or three functional gene copies per genome. The recently discovered − 1584 C/G promoter polymorphism was identified as another major factor for expression and function with the mutant [−1584G] promoter type being consistently associated with significantly higher expression than [−1584C]. To investigate functional differences between the detected variant protein forms CYP2D6.1, 2D6.2, 2D6.9 and 2D6.10, we expressed them recombinantly in insect cells. The most significant difference was a decrease in the relative P450 holoprotein content of all allelic forms, including the common functional variant 2D6.2, in comparison to 2D6.1, whereas only modest Km changes were observed. Taken together, these data provide further insight into the complex mechanisms that govern the highly variable expression and function of CYP2D6.
The "Free Money" Game. (1986)

The Free Money Game is a group activity designed to: (1) familiarize refugee students with the purpose of public assistance, which is to maintain recipients at a survival level for a limited time; and (2) make students aware of the lack of options open to welfare recipients, the depersonalization associated with the bureaucracy, and the insecurity involved in welfare dependency. The specific objective is for players to collect as many options as possible to improve his or her life. Two teams, one employed and one unemployed, are given money. The employed team is given cash, and the unemployed team is given Free Money and Free Food tickets. Players must buy necessities before buying options. By the end of the third round, players must have spent all their money. The principal objective is to collect as many options as possible for improvement of their living standard. A follow-up discussion focuses on buying power and how it is affected by price changes and cuts in free money, and how it relates to quality of life and the paayers' own cultural values and reasons for leaving their home country. The game has proven to be effective in dramatizing why long-term welfare dependency is undesirable. Samples of the materials used in the game are included. (MBE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Facile Construction of Pt–Co/CN<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanotube Electrocatalysts and Their Application to the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2009)

A straight forward method for immobilizing Pt-Co alloyed nanoparticles onto nitrogen-doped CNx nanotubes is presented. The as-prepared electrocatalysts exhibit good performance for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic medium arising from the high-dispersion and alloying effect of the Pt-Co nanoparticles and the intrinsic catalytic capacity of the CNx nanotubes.
Providing the basis for human-robot-interaction (2003)

In order to enable the widespread use of robots in home and office environments, systems with natural interaction capabilities have to be developed. A prerequisite for natural interaction is the robot's ability to automatically recognize when and how long a person's attention is directed towards it for communication. As in open environments several persons can be present simultaneously, the detection of the communication partner is of particular importance. In this paper we present an attention system for a mobile robot which enables the robot to shift its attention to the person of interest and to maintain attention during interaction. Our approach is based on a method for multi-modal person tracking which uses a pan-tilt camera for face recognition, two microphones for sound source localization, and a laser range finder for leg detection. Shifting of attention is realized by turning the camera into the direction of the person which is currently speaking. From the orientation of the head it is decided whether the speaker addresses the robot. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with an evaluation. In addition, qualitative results from the performance of the robot at the exhibition part of the ICVS'03 are provided.
Expression of human apolipoprotein A-II and its effect on high density lipoproteins in transgenic mice. (1992)

Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II comprise approximately 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total protein content of HDL. Evidence suggests that apoA-I plays a central role in determining the structure and plasma concentration of HDL, while the role of apoA-II is uncertain. To help define the function of apoA-II and determine what effect increasing its plasma concentration has on HDL, transgenic mice expressing human apoA-II and both human apoA-I and human apoA-II were produced. Human apoA-II mRNA is expressed exclusively in the livers of transgenic animals, and the protein exists as a dimer as it does in humans. High level expression of human apoA-II did not increase HDL concentrations or decrease plasma concentrations of murine apoA-I and apoA-II in contrast to what was observed in mice overexpressing human apoA-I. The primary effect of overexpressing human apoA-II was the appearance of small HDL particles composed exclusively of human apoA-II. HDL from mice transgenic for both human apoA-I and human apoA-II displayed a unique size distribution when compared with either apoA-I or apoA-II transgenic mice and contain particles with both these human apolipoproteins. These results in mice, indicating that human apoA-II participates in determining HDL size, parallel results from human studies.
Quantitative evaluation of proteins in one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels using a fluorescent stain (2002)

The characteristics of protein detection and quantitation with SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain in one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels were evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses of three different purified recombinant proteins showed that the limits of detection were comparable to the limits of detection with ammoniacal silver staining and were protein-specific, ranging from 0.5 to 5 ng. The linearity of the relationship between protein level and SYPRO Ruby staining intensity also depended on the individual protein, with observed linear dynamic ranges of 200-, 500-, and, 1000-fold for proteins analyzed by SDS-PAGE. SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain was also evaluated in two-dimensional electrophoretic (2-DE) analysis of Escherichia coli proteins. The experiment involved analysis of replicates of the same sample as well as dilution of the sample from 0.5 to 50 nug total protein across gels. In addition to validating the 2-DE system itself, the experiment was used to evaluate three different image analysis programs: Z3 (Compugen), Progenesis (Nonlinear Dynamics), and PDQuest (Bio-Rad). In each program, we analyzed the 2-DE images with respect to sensitivity and reproducibility of overall protein spot detection, as well as linearity of response for 20 representative proteins of different molecular weights and pI. Across all three programs, coefficients of variation (CV) in total number of spots detected among replicate gels ranged from 4 to 11%. For the 20 representative proteins, spot quantitation was also comparable with CVs for gel-to-gel reproducibility ranging from 3 to 33%. Using Progenesis and PDQuest, a 1000-fold linear dynamic range of SYPRO Ruby was demonstrated with a single known protein. These two programs were more suitable than Z3 for examining individual protein spot quantity across a series of gels and gave comparable results.
特集 集中安全教育で工作災害ゼロに--ボール盤の危険予知不足から (2011)

This is the first known study to evaluate the effect of screw type, lift thickness, and implant location on the sound transmission produced by the BONEBRIDGE bone-conduction implant. Further studies may benefit from analysis using fresh cadaveric samples or in-vivo measurements.
Towards a heuristic for scheduling the james webb space telescope (2007)

Scheduling the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) requires modeling and minimizing the buildup of angular momentum of the spacecraft. Accounting for momentum management is expected to be a major driver of spacecraft efficiency and lifetime. We develop a heuristic that reduces momentum buildup and show how the heuristic can be used in a simulation of the operations concept for JWST scheduling. Through experimental data we show how the heuristic improves momentum usage while maintaining high spacecraft efficiency on a representative science mission for JWST. Finally, we explore how the momentum heuristic closely mirrors the strategies required to efficiently schedule the Hubble Space Telescope.
A.S.P.E.N. Position Paper (2012)

The currently available, standard soybean oil (SO)-based intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) meet the needs of most parenteral nutrition (PN) patients. There are alternative oil-based fat emulsions, such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), olive oils (OOs), and fish oils (FOs), that, based on extensive usage in Europe, have an equivalent safety profile to SO. These alternative IVFEs are metabolized via different pathways, which may lead to less proinflammatory effects and less immune suppression. These alternative oil-based IVFEs are not currently available in the United States. Many patients who require IVFEs are already in a compromised state. Such patients could potentially have better clinical outcomes when receiving one of the alternative IVFEs to diminish the intake of the potentially proinflammatory ω-6 fatty acid-linoleic acid-which comprises more than 50% of the fatty acid profile in SO. Further research is needed on these alternative oil-based IVFEs to identify which IVFE oils or which combination of oils may be most clinically useful for specific patient populations.
J044074 Self-healing behavior of self-healing mullite (2012)

Fiber reinforced self-healing ceramics are promising material for turbine blades of high efficiency jet jpnines. To realize the self-healing ceramics for turbine blade, advanced self-healing agents are required for the turbine blades operated at particular temperatures. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish the method to evaluate the self-healing ability of the advanced healing agent. The present study aims to investigate the oxidation and self-healing behavior of mullite/ TiSi_2 composite ceramic as an example. From differential thermal analysis, it was expected that mullite/ TiSi_2 composite ceramics has a lower self-healing temperature (7_H^<est>) at 563℃. From strjpnth recovery estimation, a lower self-healing temperature (7_H^<est>) of mullite/ TiSi_2 composite ceramics was determined to be 600 ℃. Estimated value 7_H^<est> and experimental value 7_H^<exp> showed good relativity. Therefore, the proposed method was available to evaluate the self-healing ability of the advanced healing agent.
N, N′-Diacetylchitobiase of Vibrio harveyi (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the gene, chb, encoding the outer membrane protein, N,N'-diacetylchitobiase (chitobiase), of the marine bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, has been determined. The amino acid sequence of prechitobiase was derived from the nucleotide sequence. Prechitobiase has a molecular mass of 97,771 Da and consists of 883 amino acid residues. A characteristic signal peptide is present at the amino terminus whose removal is inhibited by the antibiotic, globomycin, suggesting that mature chitobiase is a lipoprotein with a maturation pathway similar to that of the Escherichia coli major outer membrane lipoprotein. A perfect homology to six amino acids at the processing and modification region of the outer membrane lipoprotein of E. coli was found with amino acids 15-19 of the deduced prechitobiase protein sequence. Chitobiase shares similarities and possibly common ancestry with the alpha-chain of the human beta-hexosaminidase. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of chitobiase and the alpha-chain of beta-hexosaminidase gave a highly significant alignment score of 19.1 standard deviation units above a mean randomized alignment score. Primer extension analysis of the promoter region revealed three transcription initiation sites used by E. coli cells harboring the chb gene, two of which were also evident in V. harveyi cells.
Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy Using Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units (2020)

A robust dithiocarbamate tether allows novel gadolinium units based on DOTAGA (q=1) to be attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (2.6-4.1 nm diameter) along with functional units offering biocompatibility, targeting and photodynamic therapy. A dramatic increase in relaxivity (r<sub>1</sub> ) per Gd unit from 5.01 mm<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in unbound form to 31.68 mm<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (10 MHz, 37 °C) is observed when immobilised on the surface due to restricted rotation and enhanced rigidity of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface. The single-step synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing multifunctional gold nanoparticles, including examples with conjugated zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizers. The lack of toxicity of these materials (MTT assays) is transformed on irradiation of HeLa cells for 30 minutes (PDT), leading to 75 % cell death. In addition to passive targeting, the inclusion of units capable of actively targeting overexpressed folate receptors illustrates the potential of these assemblies as targeted theranostic agents.
The charged groups at the interface of some blood cells (1958)

Research Article| May 01 1958 The charged groups at the interface of some blood cells A. D. Bangham; A. D. Bangham 1A.R.C. Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B. A. Pethica; B. A. Pethica 2Department of Colloid Science, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. V. F. Seaman G. V. F. Seaman 2Department of Colloid Science, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1958) 69 (1): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0690012 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. D. Bangham, B. A. Pethica, G. V. F. Seaman; The charged groups at the interface of some blood cells. Biochem J 1 May 1958; 69 (1): 12–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0690012 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1958 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1958 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fatty Acid Binding Receptors and Their Physiological Role in Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to various physiological ligands such as photons, ions, and small molecules that include amines, fatty acids, and amino acids to peptides, proteins and steroids. Therefore, this family of proteins represents an attractive target for biopharmaceutical research. The physiological role of fatty acids and other lipid molecules as important signal mediators is well studied in various metabolic pathways. Acute administration of free fatty acids (FFAs) stimulates insulin release. Conversely, chronic exposure to high levels of free fatty acids leads to impairment of beta cell function and lipotoxicity. However, the receptors through which these fatty acids and lipids act were unknown, until the identification of fatty acid binding receptors: GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, and GPR119. Based on their tissue-expression profile, and pharmacologic analysis, the fatty acid binding receptors along with lipid binding receptor GPR119 are linked to diabetes and obesity. They play a critical role in the metabolic regulation of insulin release and glucose homeostasis. In this review, the mechanism of receptor activation, pharmacology, and the physiological functions of the fatty acid binding receptors will be discussed.
<i>Alu</i> -mediated inactivation of the human CMP- <i>N</i> -acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (2001)

Inactivation of the CMP- N -acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene has provided an example of human-specific genomic mutation that results in a widespread biochemical difference between human and nonhuman primates. We have found that, although a region containing a 92-bp exon and an Alu Sq element in the hydroxylase gene is intact in all nonhuman primates examined, the same region in the human genome is replaced by an Alu Y element that was disseminated at least one million years ago. We propose a mechanistic model for this Alu -mediated replacement event, which deleted the 92-bp exon and thus inactivated the human hydroxylase gene. It is suggested that Alu elements have played potentially important roles in genotypic and phenotypic evolution in the hominid lineage.
Chemical Dosimetry of Ultrasonic Cavitation (1981)

meters to evaluate the efficacy of various solvents in producing cavitational sonochemistry. Aqueous and alcoholic solvent systems-are easily standardized using the oxidation of I to 13 by spectrophotometry. The more common addition of CC14 in order to increase rates of 1) production dramatically reduces the reproducibility of this system, which in our hands can be well within 5%. The use of the stable free radical, diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, as a radical trap in non-aqueous sonochemistry is discussed. The relative rates of radical production decrease in the following order: methanol, decane, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, acetone, toluene, and benzene. A third dosimeter, the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, has proved useful as the measure of the intrinsic ability of various solvents to support sonochemical reactions.
Insights into adenosine A1 and A3 receptors function: Cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection (2000)

Adenosine (ADO) is a well-known regulator of a variety of physiological functions in the heart. It exerts protective effects in the heart by activation of the adenosine receptors (AR). In stress conditions like hypoxia or ischemia, the concentration of ADO in the extracellular space rises dramatically. This elevated amount of adenosine might protect the heart from the hypoxic damage. It has been also shown that adenosine can significantly decrease doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart toxicity. An highly selective A1 receptor (A1R) agonist CCPA (2-chloro-N6- cyclopentyladenosine) and A3R agonists IB-MECA or Cl-IB-MECA (2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5′-N- methyluronamide) have been shown to protect against hypoxia or DOX. Blocking adenosine receptors with selective A1 and A3 receptor antagonists DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1-3-dipropylxanthine) for A1R and MRS1523 [5-propyl-2-ethyl-4-propyl-3- (ethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5- carboxylate] for A3R abolished the protective effects of adenosine. In addition the mean survival time of cardiomyocytes cultures treated with ADO together with DOX was significantly increased. However, at high concentrations A3R agonists IB-MECA, Cl-IB-MECA (≥10 μM), or ADO (200 μM) induced apoptosis. Under these conditions, A1R, A2AR, and A2BR agonists did not have any detectable effect on cardiac cells. The selective antagonist MRS1523 protected the cardiocytes if briefly exposed to Cl-IB-MECA and only partially protected from prolonged (48 h) agonist exposure. Apoptosis induced by Cl-IB-MECA was not redox-dependent, since the mitochondrial membrane potential remained constant until the terminal stages of cell death. Drug Dev. Res. 50:324–337, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intrathecal CGRP<sub>8–37</sub>‐induced bilateral increase in hindpaw withdrawal latency in rats with unilateral inflammation (1996)

1. Recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated that intrathecal administration of a selective antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), CGRP8-37, increased the hindpaw withdrawal latency (HWL) to thermal stimulation and hindpaw withdrawal threshold (HWT) to pressure in normal rats, and that these effects were more pronounced than in rats with mononeuropathy. 2. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of intrathecal administration of CGRP8-37 on the HWL and HWT in rats with unilateral hindpaw inflammation induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin. The effect of naloxone was also studied. 3. Subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenin into the plantar region of the left hindpaw induced a significant increase in the volume of the ipsilateral hindpaw (P < 0.001), and significant bilateral decreases of the HWL to thermal stimulation (ipsilateral: P < 0.001; contralateral: P < 0.01) and HWT to pressure (ipsilateral: P < 0.001; contralateral: P < 0.01). 4. Intrathecal administration of 10 nmol of CGRP8-37, but not of 1 or 5 nmol, induced a significant bilateral increase in the HWL and HWT in rats with experimentally induced inflammation (thermal test: P < 0.001; mechanical test: P < 0.001). 5. The effect of intrathecal administration of 10 nmol CGRP8-37 on HWL and HWT was significantly more pronounced in intact rats than in rats with experimentally induced inflammation (ipsilateral: P < 0.001; contralateral: P < 0.001). 6. The effect of CGRP8-37 on withdrawal responses in the inflamed paw was partly reversed by intrathecal injection of naloxone at a dose of 88 nmol in the thermal (ipsilateral: P < 0.01; contralateral: P = 0.14) and mechanical tests (ipsilateral: P < 0.05; contralateral: P = 0.60). 7. A significant bilateral increase in the concentration of CGRP-like immunoreactivity in the perfusate of both hindpaws was demonstrated 24 h after unilateral injection of carrageenin (ipsilateral: P < 0.001; contralateral: P < 0.05). There was also an increase in the amount of CGRP-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (P < 0.001), but not in plasma (P = 0.75). 8. The present study demonstrates that acute experimentally-induced unilateral hindpaw inflammation, induces bilateral increases in the amount of CGRP-like immunoreactivity in hindpaw perfusates. Intrathecal administration of CGRP8-37 increased the HWL to thermal stimulation and HWT to pressure bilaterally. 9. The results indicate that CGRP plays a role in the transmission of presumed nociceptive information in the spinal cord of rats with experimentally induced inflammation. Furthermore, our findings suggest that opioids can modulate CGRP-related effects in the spinal cord.