gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Platform Built Based on the Mode operations of AES and the Image Applications (2011)

this paper presents an image encryption instead of text to observe the block cipher modes of operation of the complex AES processing. A platform is built based on the mode operations for the experiments. The cipher image of ECB may appear patterns due to the identical color inputs. CTR and MCTR make those identical inputs different by adding counters to remove the patterns while CBC, CBF, and OBF do it by adding serious Cipher function outputs which are almost random numbers. The mode features resulted from adding number series and the ways of addition, are discussed and compared, which help to design the Switching Control to configure all the modes into a platform for the AES mode operations and image test.
Melatonin prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death in hippocampal cells (1996)

The pineal hormone melatonin has been suggested to be a very effective antioxidant in the brain. Oxidative stress may play a role in certain neuropathological conditions and the hippocampus is an early target of neurodegeneration. Using cells of the clonal hippocampal cell line HT22 and organotypic hippocampal rat brain slice cultures, we investigated a possible protective role of melatonin against oxidative stress-induced hippocampal cell death. Glutamate alone induced oxidative apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells as detected with Hoechst staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. Preincubation with 1 mM melatonin protected HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cell death and protected organotypic hippocampal slices against H2O2-induced cell death. These findings suggest that this neurohormone may be useful in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Nanofluidic Diodes Based on Nanotube Heterojunctions (2009)

The mechanism of tuning charge transport in electronic devices has recently been implemented into the nanofluidic field for the active control of ion transport in nanoscale channels/pores. Here we report the first synthesis of longitudinal heterostructured SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) nanotubes. The ionic transport through these nanotube heterojunctions exhibits clear current rectification, a signature of ionic diode behavior. Such nanofluidic diodes could find applications in ion separation and energy conversion.
Optimized Structures for Photonic Quasicrystals (2008)

A photonic quasicrystal consists of two or more dielectric materials arranged in a quasiperiodic pattern with noncrystallographic symmetry that has a photonic band gap. We use a novel method to find the pattern with the widest TM-polarized gap for two-component materials. Patterns are obtained by computing a finite sum of density waves, assigning regions where the sum exceeds a threshold to a material with one dielectric constant, epsilon1, and all other regions to another, epsilon0. Compared to optimized crystals, optimized quasicrystals have larger gaps at low constrasts epsilon1/epsilon0 and have gaps that are much more isotropic for all contrasts. For high contrasts, optimized hexagonal crystals have the largest gaps.
Involvement of E-selectin in recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in ischemic muscle (2007)

E-selectin plays critical roles in tethering leukocytes to endothelial cells (ECs). We studied the role of E-selectin in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing and vasculogenesis. After ischemia, the expression of E-selectin on ECs peaked 6 to 12 hours and returned to baseline at 24 hours, whereas the level of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in serum increased over 24 hours and remained high at day 7. Mouse bone marrow-derived EPCs expressed not only E-selectin but also its ligand. Homing of circulating EPCs to ischemic limb was significantly impaired in E-selectin knock-out mice, as well as wild-type mice pretreated with blocking antibody against E-selectin, which was rescued by local sE-selectin injection. Mechanism for this is that sE-selectin stimulated not only ECs to express ICAM-1, but also EPCs to secrete interleukin-8 (IL-8), leading to enhanced migration and incorporation to ECs capillary formation. In therapeutic aspect, local treatment with sE-selectin enhanced efficacy of EPC transplantation for vasculogenesis and salvage of ischemic limb. Conversely, when E-selectin was knocked down by E-selectin small interfering RNA, blood flow recovery after EPC transplantation was significantly impaired. But this impaired vasculogenesis was rescued by sE-selectin. In conclusion, these data demonstrate E-selectin is a pivotal molecule for EPCs' homing to ischemic limb and vasculogenesis.
A dual-specificity aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in the deep-rooted eukaryote <i>Giardia lamblia</i> (2000)

Cysteinyl-tRNA (Cys-tRNA) is essential for protein synthesis. In most organisms the enzyme responsible for the formation of Cys-tRNA is cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS). The only known exceptions are the euryarchaea Methanococcus jannaschii and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, which do not encode a CysRS. Deviating from the accepted concept of one aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase per amino acid, these organisms employ prolyl-tRNA synthetase as the enzyme that carries out Cys-tRNA formation. To date this dual-specificity prolyl-cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (ProCysRS) is only known to exist in archaea. Analysis of the preliminary genomic sequence of the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia indicated the presence of an archaeal prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS). Its proS gene was cloned and the gene product overexpressed in Escherichia coli. By using G. lamblia, M. jannaschii, or E. coli tRNA as substrate, this ProRS was able to form Cys-tRNA and Pro-tRNA in vitro. Cys-AMP formation, but not Pro-AMP synthesis, was tRNA-dependent. The in vitro data were confirmed in vivo, as the cloned G. lamblia proS gene was able to complement a temperature-sensitive E. coli cysS strain. Inhibition studies of CysRS activity with proline analogs (thiaproline and 5'-O-[N-(l-prolyl)-sulfamoyl]adenosine) in a Giardia S-100 extract predicted that the organism also contains a canonical CysRS. This prediction was confirmed by cloning and analysis of the corresponding cysS gene. Like a number of archaea, Giardia contains two enzymes, ProCysRS and CysRS, for Cys-tRNA formation. In contrast, the purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli ProRS enzymes were unable to form Cys-tRNA under these conditions. Thus, the dual specificity is restricted to the archaeal genre of ProRS. G. lamblia's archaeal-type prolyl- and alanyl-tRNA synthetases refine our understanding of the evolution and interaction of archaeal and eukaryal translation systems.
Is computing with the finite Fourier transform pure or applied mathematics? (1979)

Let me begin with my view of a bit of history. Before the Second World War mathematics in the United States was a servant of the needs of others and mathematicians taught service courses. Indeed, while A. Weil was teaching at an Eastern university it would be only a slight exaggeration to say that he was forbidden from presenting proofs in class and was called on the carpet by a dean for breaking this structure. In the years after the War, mathematics became a subject in its own right. Proofs became acceptable, as the creation of the "new math" proved to the world. Mathematicians were in demand, were men in their own right and no one's servants.
Preferential Solvation of a Hydrophobic Probe in Binary Mixtures Comprised of a Nonprotic and a Hydroxylic Solvent:  A View of Solute−Solvent and Solvent−Solvent Interactions (2002)

The fluorescence of pyrene, a hydrophobic probe, was investigated in binary mixtures comprising a nonprotic [acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofurane (THF)] and a protic (water, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, and butan-1-ol) solvent. The variation in I/III values, the intensity ratios between the first and third bands in vibronic fine structures of the emission spectra, along with the variation in the more polar component was studied for each binary mixture. A preferential solvation (PS) model was adapted from the literature and successfully applied to the experimental data. In the mixtures containing acetonitrile, pyrene is always preferentially solvated by the nonprotic component. However, the extent of PS by acetonitrile diminishes with a decrease in the polarity of the protic cosolvent. These results were explained by the fact that pyrene is a highly hydrophobic probe. Thus, a replacement of the more polar protic cosolvent for one which is more hydrophobic may lead to a comparatively stronger interaction of the probe with the cosolvent through hydrophobic interactions. Synergism was observed for binary mixtures comprising THF and the studied alcohols, for DMSO with water and methanol, and for DMF with water. Finally, D2O−DMF and D2O−DMSO mixtures were studied and compared with the corresponding H2O mixtures. It was verified that the extent of PS in both cases is diminished if water is replaced by deuterium oxide. All data were interpreted in terms of solute−solvent and solvent−solvent interactions.
MEMs-Tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2002)

We present a MEM-VCSEL which can provide over 50 nm of wavelength tuning, up to 8 dBm optical power, and a high side mode suppression. The viability of these devices for telecom applications is directly demonstrated through transmission experiments.
Detection and characterization of monoclonal components in serum and urine. (1998)

Detection of a monoclonal component (the immunoglobulin product of a clone of plasma cells) in the serum and/or urine is an important part of the laboratory evaluation of a patient with a plasma cell or B-lymphocyte proliferative disease. Usually, large quantities of monoclonal components are present in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Small quantities of monoclonal components in serum may signify light chain disease, a B-lymphocytic lymphoma or leukemia, amyloid AL (amyloidosis associated with immunoglobulin light chains), a neuropathy, or the predisposition to develop a malignant plasma cell/B-lymphocyte proliferative disorder in a patient with no currently evident clinical problem (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance–MGUS). About 25% of individuals who fall into the MGUS category develop myeloma or a related B-lymphocyte proliferative disorder after 20 to 35 years of follow-up (1). Because of this, annual follow-up is prudent, even for patients with relatively small monoclonal components in their serum.

For the past half-century, protein electrophoresis using either cellulose acetate or agarose gels has been the mainstay in screening serum and urine for monoclonal components. Most of the currently used electrophoretic techniques require a considerable amount of manual labor. Thus, although the reagents are relatively inexpensive, the time involved in applying the samples, fixing, staining, and washing the gels, and performing the densitometric scans of the gels make electrophoresis rather costly. Furthermore, there is considerable variation in the resolution of the major protein fractions from one manufacturer’s product to another. Some relatively simple and inexpensive techniques allow one to recognize only five bands that often have fuzzy borders. Those techniques make it difficult to detect small monoclonal components or those that migrate in the beta region, where transferrin, C3, and β-lipoprotein may obscure a subtle monoclonal band. Not surprisingly, techniques that provide a high-resolution electrophoretic pattern with …
Disruption of Cultured Cells by Nitrogen Cavitation: Figure 1. (2010)

Cell disruption by nitrogen decompression from a pressurized vessel is a rapid and effective way to homogenize cells and tissues, to release intact organelles, and to prepare cell membranes. Cells are placed in a pressure vessel and large quantities of oxygen-free nitrogen are dissolved in the cells under high pressure (~5500 kilopascals [kPa], equivalent to 800 pounds per square inch [psi]). When the pressure is released suddenly, the nitrogen bubbles out of solution, rupturing the cell membrane and releasing the cell contents. Nitrogen cavitation is well suited for mammalian and plant cells and fragile bacteria, but is less effective with yeast, fungi, spores, or other cell types with tough cell walls. The chemical and physical stresses imposed by nitrogen cavitation on enzymes and subcellular compartments are minimized compared with ultrasonic and mechanical homogenizing methods. Unlike lysis methods relying on shear stresses and friction, there is no heat damage to proteins and organelles during nitrogen cavitation. Indeed, the method is accompanied by an adiabatic expansion that cools the sample instead. Also, labile cell components are protected from oxidation by the inert nitrogen gas. Furthermore, nitrogen does not alter the pH of the suspending medium. The process is fast and uniform because the same disruptive forces are applied within each cell and throughout the sample, ensuring reproducible cell-free homogenates. Finally, variable sample sizes (e.g., from ~1 mL to 1 L or more) can be accommodated with most commercial systems.
A Modified Kalman Filter for Hybrid Positioning (2006)

This paper presents a new hybrid positioning algorithm whereby restrictive information such as base station sector and maximum range can be used in a Kalman-type filter. This new algorithm is fast to compute and gives almost the same accuracy as the particle filter with millions of particles. Simulations show that in some cases restrictive information such as mobile phone network sector and maximum range informationdramatically improvefilter accuracy. We also present the mathematical fundamentals of the algorithm.
Tuning photonic crystal nanocavity modes by wet chemical digital etching (2005)

We have developed a wet chemical digital etching technique for tuning the resonant wavelengths of photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities over a wide range of 80nm in precise 2–3nm steps while preserving high cavity quality factors. In one tuning step, a few monolayers of material are removed from the cavity surface by etching a self-formed native oxide in 1mol citric acid. Due to the self-limiting oxide thickness, total tuning range is based only on the number of etch steps, resulting in a highly controlled, digital tuning ability. We have characterized the tuning behavior of GaAs PC defect cavities of both square and triangular lattice symmetry and proven the effectiveness of this method by tuning a mode into resonance with the charged exciton, and then later the biexciton, transition of a single InAs∕GaAs self-assembled quantum dot.
Statistically Uncorrelated AVO Attributes (2001)

P187 STATISTICALLY UNCORRELATED AVO ATTRIBUTES PHILIPPE HERRMANN and GUILLAUME CAMBOIS Abstract 1 AVO analysis rely on characteristic AVO attributes derived from the amplitude behavior of the back scattered seismic wave field recorded over a range of offsets (or angles AVA). An early settled practice consists in the production of two stacks: a near offset stack (with the first half range of offsets) and a far offset stack (with the second half range of offsets). The two above mentioned AVO attributes fulfill two important requirements: (1) High signal to noise ratio: compared to the individually recorded traces the S/N ratio is
Continuous Production of Fish Meat Sol using a Twin‐Screw Extruder (1988)

ABSTRACT The washed minced meat of flying fish was extruded at low temperatures with NaCl in a twin‐screw extruder while varing screw rotation, feeding rate, feeding of NaCl, and barrel temperature. Extrusion at a higher screw rotation and moderate feeding rate with the residence time of about 1 min, using NaCl in solution and with cooling by ice‐water, gave the most adhesive meat sol. Heat‐induced gel from this meat sol had a similar textural parameters measured by an instrument to the gel prepared with a conventional stone grinder, however, the toughness score in sensory test of the gel prepared by extrudate was a little smaller than the gel by a conventional method.
Detection of conformational changes in rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by an antibody against a synthetic peptide belonging to part of the reactive centre of the enzyme. (1994)

Polyclonal antibodies were produced against rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and against a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 512-534 in rat GGT. The anti-peptide antibody bound denatured GGT, acivicin-treated GGT and GGT absorbed to microtiter plates, but not GGT in solution, and did not inhibit GGT. The antibody against native GGT inhibited its activity in solution and did not bind efficiently adsorbed GGT in direct ELISA. It was active in direct and competition ELISA using kidney brush border membranes as the adsorbed antigen. The results indicate that these antibodies recognize conformational rather than sequence epitopes in GGT, and that marked changes occur in the conformation of GGT upon its absorption to plates or its reaction with acivicin.
General packet radio service in GSM (1997)

In the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Phase 2+ development, one major activity is to specify the general packet radio service (GPRS). The standardization is expected to be completed at the end of 1997. The purpose of GPRSI like other packet data services, is to efficiently accommodate data sources that are bursty in nature. Another important goal of the technology is to make it possible for GSM license holders to share physical resources on a dynamic, flexible basis between packet data services and other GSM services. The authors present a detailed description of the GPRS system, emphasizing the radio link protocol, and demonstrate its performance. The performance measures have been obtained from the WINLAB GPRS simulator.
Spectroscopic Study of the Thermal Degradation of PVP-Capped Rh and Pt Nanoparticles in H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> Environments (2009)

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped platinum and rhodium nanoparticles (7−12 nm) have been studied with UV−vis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The absorption bands in the region of 190−900 nm are shown to be sensitive to the electronic structure of surface Rh and Pt atoms as well as to the aggregation of the nanoparticles. In-situ FTIR-DRIFT spectroscopy of the thermal decay of PVP-stabilized Rh and Pt nanoparticles in H2 and O2 atmospheres in temperatures ranging from 30 to 350 °C reveals the decomposition of PVP above 200 °C; PVP transforms into a “polyamide−polyene”-like material that is, in turn, converted into a thin layer of amorphous carbon above 300 °C. Adsorbed carbon monoxide was used as a probing molecule to monitor changes of the electronic structure of surface Rh and Pt atoms and accessible surface area. The behavior of surface Rh and Pt atoms with ligated CO and amide groups of pyrrolidones resembles that of surface coordination compounds.
Synergistic activation of neurotensin/neuromedin N gene expression by c-Jun and glucocorticoids: novel effects of Fos family proteins. (1995)

The cis-regulatory region of the neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) gene integrates diverse environmental signals in the neuroendocrine PC12 cell line, resulting in remarkable synergistic regulation. An AP-1 site appears to play a pivotal role in cooperative NT/N gene activation, as mutations in this site decrease responses to all inducer combinations by at least an order of magnitude. Here we report that c-Jun acts synergistically with glucocorticoids to activate the NT/N promoter, and that Fos family proteins have novel regulatory effects on this interaction. Cotransfection of individual pCMV-AP-1 expression plasmids revealed that c-Jun most potently activates the NT/N promoter and that costimulation with dexamethasone results in a further 6- to 12-fold increase in expression. Unlike its general inhibitory effects on glucocorticoid regulation in other systems, c-Fos potentiated activation by glucocorticoids when coexpressed with c-Jun, and Fos B had a similar, but more limited, positive effect. In contrast, Fra-1 reversed the direction of glucocorticoid regulation, and Fra-2 abolished synergism. AP-1, cAMP response element, and glucocorticoid response element motifs are required for full cooperative activation by either c-Jun or c-Jun/c-Fos and glucocorticoids. These results indicate that NT/N promoter activation involves synergistic interactions between specific AP-1 complexes and ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor, and similar mechanisms may regulate NT/N gene expression in central neurons.
Wheelchair Users at Home: Few Home Modifications and Many Injurious Falls (2002)

Aged 18–64 y (n = 219) Aged >64 y (n = 306)Injurious Fall, % Injurious Fall, %Feature Present in House No (n = 174) Yes (n = 45) No (n = 258) Yes (n = 48) All, % (n = 525)Bathroom modifications 45.4 35.6 47.7 52.1 46.3Widened doorways/hallways 43.1 28.9 25.2 18.8 30.9Kitchen modifications 17.8 13.3 5.4 8.3 10.5Railings 39.7 26.7 38.8 35.4 37.7Easy-open doors 19.0 11.1 13.6 12.5 15.0Has all 5 features 6.9 0.0 2.7 4.2 4.0Has none of the 5 features 33.3 53.3 34.5 41.7 36.4
Design of DFB lasers for high-power single-mode operation (1986)

The longitudinal-mode behaviour above threshold for DFB lasers has been analysed taking into account spatial hole burning along the laser axis. As a result, the single-longitudinal-mode operating condition up to high optical output power has been made clear.
Blind Quality Assessment of Fused WorldView-3 Images by Using the Combinations of Pansharpening and Hypersharpening Paradigms (2017)

WorldView 3 (WV-3) is the first commercially deployed super-spectral, very high-resolution (HR) satellite. However, the resolution of the short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands is much lower than that of the other bands. In this letter, we describe four different approaches, which are combinations of pansharpening and hypersharpening methods, to generate HR SWIR images. Since there are no ground truth HR SWIR images, we also propose a new picture quality predictor to assess hypersharpening performance, without the need for reference images. We describe extensive experiments using actual WV-3 images that demonstrate that some approaches can yield better performance than others, as measured by the proposed blind image quality assessment model of hypersharpened SWIR images.
btC: A Backtracking Procedural Language (1991)

This paper outlines btC, a variant of the programming language C which supports backtracking computation. Backtracking is a way to deterministically emulate non deterministic computation. Providing programming support for backtracking simplifies the programmer's task and hence contributes to the reliability of the software produced. Support for backtracking is provided by logic programming languages such as Prolog, and earlier backtracking procedural languages. Prolog introduces performance penalties unrelated to backtracking, due for example to Prolog's slow database access mechanism and its limited range of data structures. Early backtracking procedural languages lack backtracking expressiveness, and are inefficient because of obsolete implementation techniques. The language btC has been designed to avoid those problems through more powerful backtracking expressions and a more efficient control structure. As well as being an efficient procedural language, it includes all of Prolog's backtracking expressiveness. Further it successfully manages backtracking over dynamic allocation of memory, and over lower level updates which may violate type constraints. In this paper, motivations for built-in support of backtracking are discussed, btC support for backtracking is described, and implementation in C by preprocessing is indicated. The implementation uses an extension of the Prolog backtracking mechanism. The techniques developed are also useful for the study of broad-spectrum programming languages which combine procedural and logic programming capabilities.