gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models for performance evaluation of flexibility in manufacturing systems (1994)

We investigated the relationship between flexibility and performance of manufacturing systems. In particular, the effect of varying flexibility in either part production requirements or the machines capabilities is examined. Conditions under which a positive correlation between flexibility and performance exists are identified and the characteristics of this correlation are described. System management and control mechanisms necessary for realizing the benefits of flexibility are outlined. The results are first illustrated through a series of models of specific manufacturing situations. A unifying and generic framework for flexibility modelling and analysis is then introduced. The framework is used to re-interpret and generalize the result of the previous models. It is also used to argue for the existence of a number of fundamental relationships between flexibility and manufacturing performance.
Nanotechnology and Functional Foods (2015)

The continued advancement in the sciences of functional foods and nutraceuticals has clearly established a strong correlation between consumption of bioactives and improved human health and performance. However, the efficacy and bioavailability of these bioactive ingredients (e.g., omega-3 oils, carotenoid antioxidants, vitamins, and probiotic bacteria) in foods often remains a challenge, due to their instability in food products and gastrointestinal tract, as well as their limited bioavailability. In some cases, these bioactive ingredients may impart an undesirable organoleptic characteristic to the final product, which hinders acceptance by consumers. In addressing these challenges, development of effective delivery systems is critical to meet the consumer needs for effective bioactives. The scientific knowledge behind developing effective delivery of bioactive components into modern and wide-ranging food products will be essential to reap their health-promoting benefits and to support the sustained growth of the functional foods market. Nanotechnology and Functional Foods: Effective Delivery of Bioactive Ingredients explores the current data on all aspects of nanoscale packing, carrying and delivery mechanisms of bioactives ingredients to functional foods. The book presents various delivery systems (including nano-emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nano-particles), their properties and interactions with other food components, and fate in the human body. Later chapters emphasize the importance of consumers? attitude towards nano-delivery for the success of the technology and investigate the challenges faced by regulatory agencies to control risks and harmonize approaches worldwide. The wide applicability of bioactive delivery systems with the purpose of improving food quality, food safety and human health will make this book a worthy reference for a diverse range of readers in industry, research and academia.
Inhibitory effect of topiramate on Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis and its relation with AQP1 water channel. (2004)

Suppression of AQP1 water channel expression may be an important pathway for the inhibitory effect of topiramate on tumor metastasis.
The effect of sputter etching on the surface characteristics of black‐dyed polyamide fabrics (1992)

Wool, silk, nylon 6 and Chinon (promix fibre) fabrics dyed with Cl Acid Black 155 were subjected to sputter etching and also exposed to a low‐temperature argon plasma. Many microcraters were formed on the fibre surface by the sputter etching technique and the depth of shade of the fabrics increased considerably. Neither of these effects was observed following argon plasma treatment.
GRETA, a new multifermenter system for structural genomics and process optimization (2006)

As part of the Structural Proteomics In Europe (SPINE) project, the automated multifermenter system GRETA has been developed with structural genomics as a major application. GRETA comprises 6-24 parallel fermentation chambers, each with individual control of fermentation parameters such as temperature, stirring, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and feed profiles. Six human proteins were used to optimize the GRETA fermentation processes and to compare these processes with typical baffled-flask protocols used in structural genomics projects. The optimized GRETA processes allows several times more protein to be produced per litre of culture with limited manual intervention and constitutes a potentially useful alternative both for scale-up production in structural proteomic projects and for fermentation-process optimization.
Acetohydroxy acid synthase I is required for isoleucine and valine biosynthesis by Salmonella typhimurium LT2 during growth on acetate or long-chain fatty acids (1987)

Salmonella typhimurium LT2 normally expresses two acetohydroxy acid synthases (AHAS I and AHAS II). The function of AHAS I in this organism was unclear, since AHAS I-deficient (ilvBN) mutants of LT2 grew well on glucose or succinate minimal media, whereas AHAS II-deficient (ilvGM) mutants requried isoleucine for normal growth on glucose minimal media. We report that AHAS I-deficient mutants of S. typhimurium required isoleucine and valine for growth on acetate or oleate minimal media, whereas AHAS II-deficient mutants were able to grow on these media without isoleucine supplementation.
Intraoperative passive kinematics of osteoarthritic knees before and after total knee arthroplasty (2006)

Total knee arthroplasty is a successful procedure to treat pain and functional disability due to osteoarthritis. However, precisely how a total knee arthroplasty changes the kinematics of an osteoarthritic knee is unknown. We used a surgical navigation system to measure normal passive kinematics from 7 embalmed cadaver lower extremities and in vivo intraoperative passive kinematics on 17 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty to address two questions: How do the kinematics of knees with advanced osteoarthritis differ from normal knees?; and, Does posterior substituting total knee arthroplasty restore kinematics towards normal? Osteoarthritic knees displayed a decreased screw-home motion and abnormal varus/valgus rotations between 10 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion when compared to normal knees. The anterior-posterior motion of the femur in osteoarthritic knees was not different than in normal knees. Following total knee arthroplasty, we found abnormal varus/valgus rotations in early flexion, a reduced screw-home motion when compared to the osteoarthritic knees, and an abnormal anterior translation of the femur during the first 60 degrees of flexion. Posterior substituting total knee arthroplasty does not appear to restore normal passive varus/valgus rotations or the screw motion and introduces an abnormal anterior translation of the femur during intraoperative evaluation.
A Certificate-based Light-weight Authentication Algorithm For Resource-constrained Devices (2005)

In this work, we analyze and extend a recently proposed design of digital certificates called TESLA certificates. Certificates are a necessary tool in today's secure networks to certify the identity of nodes taking part in communication. Most prevalent certificate technologies make use of public-key cryptography. Messages generated by the user are signed using its private key, and the signature can be verified by any node who knows the user's public key via its certificate. Signature generation and verification using public-key cryptography is computationally expensive for devices with limited computation power and energy resources. In this situation TESLA certificates can be very useful to certify identity, since they rely on symmetric cryptography which is computationally much more efficient. In this paper we explain the concept of TESLA certificates and provide a preliminary description of proposed modifications to the original algorithm to strengthen its security. We extend the original proposal by combining hash chains with TESLA certificates and come up with an efficient source and message authentication protocol based on symmetric key certificates. We also propose a new type of TESLA certificates called Group Certificates for use in multicast group communication. Through analysis, we show that our protocol is secure against malicious adversaries. We also give an initial estimate of the performance of our algorithm and the related comparison to public-key signatures, and we highlight network scenarios where the TESLA certificates could be particularly useful.
Application of Ray Theory to Low Frequency Propagation (1974)

Abstract : The development of ray tracing techniques is reviewed, and the effects of various sound-speed representations on the computed value of propagation loss are discussed. Since modified ray theories designed to treat caustics lose their effectiveness at the lower acoustic frequencies, an alternative approach for the horizontally stratified case is proposed. For oceans that are nearly horizontally stratified, the method of horizontal rays is applicable. Computed predictions are compared with measured data.
Vinculin, talin, integrin ?6?1 and laminin can serve as components of attachment complex mediating contraction force transmission from cardiomyocytes to extracellular matrix (1999)

Recently, we reported that cardiomyocytes adhere to extracellular matrix at costameres, the striated distribution of vinculin between Z-lines and the sarcolemma, where transmission of contraction forces from myofibrils to the extracellular matrix occurs. To identify other molecules involved in force transmission at costameres, we examined adult rat and embryonic chick cardiomyocytes cultured on coverslips or flexible thin silicone rubber substrata. Immunolocalization of talin showed a costameric, striated distribution, which corresponded to dark contacts with interference reflection microscopy. The molecules involved in substrate adhesion were cross-linked with the non-penetrating cross-linking agent Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)-suberate and detected by immunohistochemical staining with anti-alpha6, alpha3, alphav, or beta1 integrin antibodies. Both alpha6 and beta1 showed costameric distributions, but alpha3 and alpha(v) did not. The distribution of laminin after cross-linking and extraction also showed a costameric distribution. When anti-integrin beta1 antibody was added to live cardiomyocytes grown on the silicone rubber substratum, the transmission of contraction forces was inhibited. These findings suggest that vinculin, talin, integrin alpha6beta1 and laminin system can be involved in transmission of contraction force to the extracellular matrix.
Design of an Interactive Control System for a Multisection Continuum Robot (2018)

Continuum robots exhibit unique advantages of flexibility and maneuverability in an unstructured environment. This paper presents the development of a human-robot interactive control system that includes two operational modes for controlling end-effector position and the entire robot shape with image feedback. To control the end-effector position, all the desired positions of the end effector fall within a reachable workspace constructed with an approximate boundary. To control the robot shape, a shape correspondence between the robot shape and the desired curve is determined to assist in examining whether the robot can follow the desired path with an acceptable collision with the environment. This correspondence can also assist users in robot motion planning. The proposed interactive control system ensures that the robot end effector follows the desired path, while the robot shape is regulated based on visual feedback. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Diffusion of Oxygen in Fused Silica (1965)

Oxygen diffusion in fused silica was measured over the range 850° to 1250°C by means of heterogeneous isotope exchange. In this temperature range and at 1 atm oxygen pressure the diffusion coefficients can be represented by the relation: D = 2 × 10 −9 exp (‐29 kcal/ RT). The oxygen diffusion coefficients are almost directly proportional to the oxygen pressure which suggests that the oxygen is diffusing in a molecular form.
Carbon based composites (1984)

A review of the various carbon fibre reinforced composites is presented. The fibre properties and their possible translation to the composites are first examined. Chapter 2 is devoted to the present status and the future of carbon matrix composites. Carbon fibre reinforced polymers are examined in Chapters 3 (present status) and 4 (future aspects).
Systemic Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Targeted Adenovirus Armed with Carboxypeptidase G2 (2005)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and there is no effective therapy for unresectable disease. We have developed a targeted systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The gene for a foreign enzyme is selectively expressed in the tumor cells and a nontoxic prodrug is then given, which is activated to a potent cytotoxic drug by the tumor-localized enzyme. This approach is termed gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). Adenoviruses have been used to target cancer cells, have an intrinsic tropism for liver, and are efficient gene vectors. Oncolytic adenoviruses produce clinical benefits, particularly in combination with conventional anticancer agents and are well tolerated. We rationalized that such adenoviruses, if their expression were restricted to telomerase-positive cancer cells, would make excellent gene vectors for GDEPT therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we use an oncolytic adenovirus to deliver the prodrug-activating enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) to tumors in a single systemic administration. The adenovirus replicated and produced high levels of CPG2 in two different hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts (Hep3B and HepG2) but not other tissues. GDEPT enhanced the adenovirus-alone therapy to elicit tumor regressions in the hepatocellular carcinoma models. This is the first time that CPG2 has been targeted and expressed intracellularly to effect significant therapy, showing that the combined approach holds enormous potential as a tumor-selective therapy for the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Optical fiber fault location method (1976)

An optical pulse reflection method based on the optical radar principle is discussed for optical fiber cable fault location. The optical reflection coefficient at flat surfaces of optical fibers was measured and found to be in good agreement with calculated value. The average reflection coefficient at fractures in optical fibers, which were generated by simple tensile stress, was about 0.5%. The reflected pulse signal from an optical fiber fault at a distance of 1.4 km in a SELFOC fiber having transmission loss of 17 dB/km was detected experimentally.
Development of Synthetic Methodology Suitable for the Radiosynthesis of Combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and Its Corresponding Prodrug CA1P (2009)

Synthetic methodology has been established suitable for the preparation of combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and its corresponding phosphate prodrug salt (CA1P) in high specific activity radiolabeled form. Judicious selection of appropriate phenolic protecting groups to distinguish positions on the A-ring from the B-ring of the stilbenoid was paramount for the success of this project. Methylation of the C-4' phenolic moiety by removal of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting group in the presence of methyl iodide was accomplished in excellent yield without significant Z to E isomerization. This step (carried out with (12)C-methyl iodide as proof of concept in this study) represents the process in which a (14)C radioisotope could be incorporated in an actual radiosynthesis. CA1 is a natural product isolated from the African bush willow tree (Combretum caffrum) that has important medicinal value due, in part, to its ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. As a prodrug, CA1P (OXi4503) is in human clinical trials as a vascular disrupting agent.
Radiation exposure: Comparison of rapid exchange and conventional over‐the‐wire coronary angioplasty systems (1993)

The growth of coronary angioplasty has resulted in increased fluoroscopy time to patients, staff, and physicians. Rapid exchange-type catheters have purported to reduce fluoroscopy time and procedure time compared to conventional over-the-wire systems. Of 150 consecutive patients, 54 were treated solely with rapid-exchange catheters and 84 were treated solely with over-the-wire catheters. Excluding 12 cases treated with fixed wire or combination catheters, the following data were found: [table: see text] Overall procedural success was obtained in 98.5% (136/138) of patients, 1.5% (2) requiring emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A significant 35% reduction in fluoroscopy time and 13% reduction in procedure time were found when rapid-exchange catheters were used, with identical success rates, number of balloons used per case, and complication rates compared to over-the-wire catheters. Rapid-exchange catheters should be considered as part of an overall effort to reduce radiation exposure in the interventional cardiology laboratory.
Comparison of three different PCR methods for detection of<i>Brucella</i>spp. in human blood samples (2002)

In the diagnosis of human brucellosis, PCR could be a more sensitive technique than blood cultures and more specific than conventional serological tests. We compared three different PCR methods for the detection of Brucella spp. and we studied whether human genomic DNA affect the sensitivity of three primer pairs for the detection of Brucella DNA in a peripheral-blood PCR assay. These three pairs of primers amplified three different fragments included in: (i). a gene encoding a 31-kDa Brucella abortus antigen (primers B4/B5), (ii). a sequence 16S rRNA of B. abortus (primers F4/R2), and (iii). a gene encoding an outer membrane protein (omp-2) (primers JPF/JPR). The three primers assayed showed a difference in sensitivity for detecting purified Brucella DNA, ranging between 8 fg and 20 pg. However, the sensitivity of the primers F4/R2 and B4/B5 was affected by the presence of human DNA while the primers JPF/JPR were not. Therefore, although the sensitivity of PCR using primers F4/R2 is affected by human DNA, they are still the most sensitive and they could provide a useful tool for the diagnosis of human brucellosis.
균형과 보행능력 향상을 위한 오타고 운동프로그램의 임상적 유용성: 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로, 무작위 배정 실험연구 (2016)

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to conduct an Otago exercise program with stroke patients in a clinical setting and ascertain its effects on balance and walking ability. METHODS: The participating subjects were 45 people who had been diagnosed with stroke. They were assigned to two groups (Otago exercise; OE, n=22; balance exercise; BE, n=23), and the exercises were conducted for three sessions per week for eight weeks. The main balance outcomes were evaluated using the timed up and go test (TUG) and the four step square test (FSST), while walking ability was evaluated using the 10 m walk test (10MWT), direction change ability was measured using the figure 8 of walk test (F8WT), and the decrease of fear was evaluated using the modified falls efficacy scale (MFES). RESULTS: In the analysis results, the Otago exercise group showed significant increases in TUG, FSST, 10MWT, and F8WT within the both groups. There were significant differences in all variables between the OE group and the BE group at the post-intervention evaluation, but there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the 10MWT. This study showed that conducting Otago exercise in stroke patients increased the main outcomes for TUG, FSST, F8WT scores, but not for 10MWT. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that Otago exercise would be useful to improve balance and gait for stroke patients who want to improve their abilities and activities of daily living.
Selenium supplementation in critically ill patients: can too much of a good thing be a bad thing? (2007)

A recent study by Forceville and colleagues evaluated the effect of high-dose selenium administration as a treatment for septic shock. The study was negative and conflicts with existing clinical data regarding selenium administration in critically ill patients. Perhaps the key to understanding the differences between these discrepant observations lies in considering the dose and timing of selenium administration.
A New Full-Rate Full-Diversity Space-Time Block Code With Nonvanishing Determinants and Simplified Maximum-Likelihood Decoding (2008)

A new 2times2 full-rate full-diversity linear dispersion space-time block code (STBC) is designed by augmenting the generator of the lattice of the Alamouti's orthogonal STBC and optimizing it according to the criterion of the maximal worst codeword difference determinant. The proposed STBC is proved to satisfy the nonvanishing determinant property and, therefore, to achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing gain (DMG) tradeoff, while offering a reduced computational complexity of maximum- likelihood (ML) decoding as compared to other existing full-rate STBCs. The performance of our new code is shown to be comparable to that of the best full-rate STBCs known so far.
Electron emission from conduction band of diamond with negative electron affinity (2009)

Experimental evidence explaining the extremely low-threshold electron emission from diamond reported in 1996 has been obtained [K. Okano et al., Nature (London) 381, 140 (1996)]. Direct observation using combined ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy/field-emission spectroscopy proved that the origin of field-induced electron emission from heavily nitrogen (N)-doped chemical-vapor deposited (CVD) diamond was at conduction-band minimum utilizing negative-electron affinity (NEA). The significance of the result is that not only does it prove the utilization of NEA as the dominant factor for the extremely low-threshold electron emission from heavily N-doped CVD diamond but also strongly implies that such low-threshold emission is possible from other types of diamond and even other materials having NEA surface. The low-threshold voltage, along with the stable intensity and remarkably narrow energy width, suggests that this type of electron emission can be applied to develop a next generation vacuum nanoelectronic devices with long lifetime and high-energy resolution.
최근의 학문이론에 대한 기독교적 비판 (1997)

The article divides into three parts : first, the brief sketch of history of science form Thales to modern times ; secondly, a discussion on the recent scientific theories since Popper ; thirdly, groping of answers and principles of the christian scholarship to that secular theories. Undoubtedly, our research is focused upon the middle part. We looked over the so-called `critical rationalism` of Karl Popper and then discussed on several theories of the `new scientific philosophies` : `paradigm` - theory of Thomas Kuhn, `Theory - laden` empirical observation of N. R. Hanson, the `personal knowledge` of M. Polanyi, anti-scientific propositions of P. Feyerabend, `the methodology of Scientific Research Programmes` of I. Lakatos, and the `Postmodern condition` of J. - F. Lyotard etc. All these theories are in accord with the followed characteristics : 1. Critique on absolutism of the subject(ego) 2. denial of the objectivistic or positivistic view of science. 3. denial of the closed system and ideology. From the perspective of the christian principles of science, we conclude : neither science nor theoretical reason are neutral and automous, and both have any religious presupposition ; human being is not omniscient, and science is not omnipotent, but, the truths of our God are unchangeable and everlasting.