gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4‘-Methyl Derivatives of 5-MOP and 5-MOA:  Synthesis, Photoreactivity, and Photobiological Activity (1996)

The synthesis and photobiological activity of four new 4'-methyl derivatives of 5-MOP (5-methoxypsoralen) and 5-MOA (5-methoxyangelicin), i.e., 4,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxypsoralen, 3,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxypsoralen, 4,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxyangelicin, and 3,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxyangelicin, are described. All these compounds photobind efficiently to DNA. The DNA-photobinding process was investigated using various nucleic acid structures such as double-helix DNA, bacterial DNA, and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides. Photoreaction experiments showed that, unlike 8-MOP (8-methoxypsoralen) and 5-MOP, both angular derivatives bind thymine and cytosine with the same efficiency. The principal nucleoside-psoralen monoadducts were isolated and characterized after enzymatic digestion or acid hydrolysis. Biological activity studies revealed a good correlation with the extent of covalent photoaddition. Moreover, the two angular derivatives and the 4,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxypsoralen were unable to induce skin erythema, in striking contrast with the reference drugs, 8-MOP and 5-MOP; only the 3,4'-dimethyl-5-methoxypsoralen caused erythema, although to a substantially lower extent than that induced by the two parent compounds.
Meperidine for the treatment of shaking chills and fever (1980)

• Meperidine hydrochloride was evaluated in a prospectively randomized double-blind study for its effectiveness in stopping shaking chills occurring with amphotericin B infusions. Seven patients were randomized on multiple occasions for a total of 19 reactions. In the meperidine group, nine of nine reactions stopped within 30 minutes of the administration of meperidine, with a mean cessation time of 10.8 minutes. The placebo group had a mean time of 37.4 minutes to cessation of reactions with three of ten reactions subsiding spontaneously. The mean dose of meperidine hydrochloride for cessation of reaction was 45 mg. The comparisons between meperidine and placebo for cessation of reaction within 30 minutes and the mean time to cessation of reaction were significantly different. Side effects with meperidine were minimal and less severe than the shaking chills and fever seen with amphotericin B infusions. Meperidine can eliminate these reactions more effectively and more rapidly than simply discontinuing the amphotericin B. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>140:483-484, 1980)
Dental expression and role in palliative treatment (2009)

World Health Organization defines palliative care as the active total care of patients whose disease is not responding to curative treatment. Palliative care for the terminally ill is based on a multidimensional approach to provide whole-person comfort care while maintaining optimal function; dental care plays an important role in this multidisciplinary approach. The aim of the present study is to review significance of dentist's role to determine whether mouth care was effectively assessed and implemented in the palliative care setting. The oral problems experienced by the hospice head and neck patient clearly affect the quality of his or her remaining life. Dentist plays an essential role in palliative care by the maintenance of oral hygiene; dental examination may identify and cure opportunistic infections and dental disease like caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal problems or prosthetic requirement. Oral care may reduce not only the microbial load of the mouth but the risk for pain and oral infection as well. This multidisciplinary approach to palliative care, including a dentist, may reduce the oral debilities that influence the patient's ability to speak, eat or swallow. This review highlighted that without effective assessment of the mouth, the appropriate implementation of care will not be delivered. Palliative dental care has been fundamental in management of patients with active, progressive, far-advanced disease in which the oral cavity has been compromised either by the disease directly or by its treatment; the focus of care is quality of life.
Eletrowetting Effect in a Nanoporous Silica (2009)

In the past, electrowetting was usually analyzed on large solid surfaces. In the current study, the effective solid-liquid interfacial tension in a nanoporous silica, which is measured by the ion transport pressure, is investigated experimentally. The interfacial tension decreases as the applied potential difference increases, while the magnitude of variation is much smaller than its bulk counterpart. The effect of the external electric field is saturated at a relatively low voltage. These unique phenomena can be attributed to the confinement effect of nanopore walls.
Modeling Human Driving Behavior Through Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (2022)

An open problem in autonomous vehicle safety validation is building reliable models of human driving behavior in simulation. This work presents an approach to learn neural driving policies from real world driving demonstration data. We model human driving as a sequential decision making problem that is characterized by non-linearity and stochasticity, and unknown underlying cost functions. Imitation learning is an approach for generating intelligent behavior when the cost function is unknown or difficult to specify. Building upon work in inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) aims to provide effective imitation even for problems with large or continuous state and action spaces, such as modeling human driving. This article describes the use of GAIL for learning-based driver modeling. Because driver modeling is inherently a multi-agent problem, where the interaction between agents needs to be modeled, this paper describes a parameter-sharing extension of GAIL called PS-GAIL to tackle multi-agent driver modeling. In addition, GAIL is domain agnostic, making it difficult to encode specific knowledge relevant to driving in the learning process. This paper describes Reward Augmented Imitation Learning (RAIL), which modifies the reward signal to provide domain-specific knowledge to the agent. Finally, human demonstrations are dependent upon latent factors that may not be captured by GAIL. This paper describes Burn-InfoGAIL, which allows for disentanglement of latent variability in demonstrations. Imitation learning experiments are performed using NGSIM, a real-world highway driving dataset. Experiments show that these modifications to GAIL can successfully model highway driving behavior, accurately replicating human demonstrations and generating realistic, emergent behavior in the traffic flow arising from the interaction between driving agents.
NF-κB Signaling Pathway Confers Neuroblastoma Cells Migration and Invasion Ability via the Regulation of CXCR4 (2014)

Our studies reveal critical roles for the NF-κB signaling pathway in neuroblastoma migration and invasion. The mechanism may be through up-regulation of CXCR4, mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathways. Targeting NF-κB signalling pathways and ultimately CXCR4 could be a strategy in neuroblastoma therapy.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of the pH‐dependent binding mode of NAD<sup>+</sup> by water‐soluble molecular clips (2009)

Abstract The highly selective recognition process of NAD + and NADH (as important cofactors of many redox enzymes) by molecular clips in aqueous solution is studied systematically by a combined experimental and quantum‐chemical approach. The strongly pH‐dependent complexation‐induced 1 H NMR shifts of the guest molecule indicate that in buffered aqueous solution at pH = 7.2 the nicotinamide ring, the active site of NAD + , is preferentially bound inside the cavity of the molecular clip, whereas in pure water under slightly acidic conditions both units (the nicotinamide ring as well as the adenine moiety) are located outside the cavity. The latter finding is explained by a competing self‐aggregation of NAD + which prohibits the recognition process. In addition, the investigation of the NAD + fragments NMNA, NMN, and AMP as well as the comparison of measured and computed chemical shieldings provides information on possible binding modes. Under equal conditions the binding of NADH to the molecular clip is significantly weaker than that of NAD + , so that the oxidation states (NAD + /NADH) can be distinguished by the molecular clips. The nucleotides NMN and AMP are bound less strongly by the molecular clips than NAD + . The weaker binding indicates that multiple aromatic π − π and cation− π host–guest interactions only possible in NAD + have a synergetic effect on the complex stability. In addition to the inhibition of the cofactor NAD + , a further implication is the development of sensors since a quenching of fluorescence is observed for specific molecular clips by the addition of NAD + . Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of the salt flotation technique in the recovery of<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>eggs from the soil (1995)

The efficacy of the salt flotation technique using saturated solutions of sodium nitrate (specific gravity 1.30) and zinc sulphate (specific gravity 1.16) for separating Ascaris lumbricoides eggs from clay, loamy and sandy soils has been investigated. Ten samples of each of the egg concentrations of 100, 500, 2500, 5000 and 10,000 eggs/25 g of soil were used for each soil type. Using T-test and ANOVA, the number of eggs recovered from sand was significantly higher than from loam and the number from loam significantly higher than from clay. With sodium nitrate, the maximum egg recovery rate was 25.04% from sandy soil at a concentration of 500 eggs/25 g soil while with zinc sulphate it was 13.88% also from sandy soil and concentration of 500 eggs/25 g soil. While the number of eggs recovered increased with soil egg concentration, the percentage of eggs recovered is inversely proportional to egg concentration. The number of eggs recovered with sodium nitrate was significantly higher than with zinc sulphate solution in the three soil types.
H coverage dependence of Si(001) homoepitaxy (1994)

We have investigated the role of surface H in Si(001) homoepitaxy using in situ medium energy ion scattering and time-of-flight H recoil detection. The addition of submonolayer coverages of atomic H produce relatively modest effects on epitaxy for ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$\ensuremath{\le}200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. But at surface H concentrations surpassing 1 monolayer, we find a disruption of epitaxy, which is delayed to higher temperatures than on bare Si(001). The degradation of epitaxy correlates with the presence of surface dihydrides, which break the dimer configuration of Si(001).
Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults (2018)

The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms of vitamin D and calcium supplementation, alone or combined, for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling, asymptomatic men and premenopausal women. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms of daily supplementation with doses greater than 400 IU of vitamin D and greater than 1000 mg of calcium for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling, postmenopausal women. (I statement) The USPSTF recommends against daily supplementation with 400 IU or less of vitamin D and 1000 mg or less of calcium for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling, postmenopausal women. (D recommendation) These recommendations do not apply to persons with a history of osteoporotic fractures, increased risk for falls, or a diagnosis of osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency.
3-D Augmented Reality for MRI-Guided Surgery Using Integral Videography Autostereoscopic Image Overlay (2010)

A 3-D augmented reality navigation system using autostereoscopic images was developed for MRI-guided surgery. The 3-D images are created by employing an animated autostereoscopic image, integral videography (IV), which provides geometrically accurate 3-D spatial images and reproduces motion parallax without using any supplementary eyeglasses or tracking devices. The spatially projected 3-D images are superimposed onto the surgical area and viewed via a half-silvered mirror. A fast and accurate spatial image registration method was developed for intraoperative i.v. image-guided therapy. Preliminary experiments showed that the total system error in patient-to-image registration was 0.90 +/- 0.21 mm, and the procedure time for guiding a needle toward a target was shortened by 75%. An animal experiment was also conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. The feasibility studies showed that augmented reality of the image overlay system could increase the surgical instrument placement accuracy and reduce the procedure time as a result of intuitive 3-D viewing.
An image visualization tool in mammography (1999)

The poor detectability of diagnostic mammographic features, due to their low contrast, is dealt with by a software visualization tool. The tool is domain specific to medical imaging and consequently mammographic imaging, and it is envisaged as part of medical image visualization and manipulation stations. Domain specificity is served by the tool conformance to DICOM 3.0 part 10 image format specifications, specifically PAPYRUS 3.0, window width/level display adjustments of image dynamic range of up to 16 bits, and application of visualization operations to user-defined regions of interest in addition to global operations. The software has been designed and implemented according to an object oriented approach in Visual C++. The tool user interface is friendly, based on a widely used windowing paradigm, the Microsoft Foundation Class library version 4.2, which provides interface items, such as windows, dialogue boxes, lists, slide bars, buttons, etc. The visualization functionality offered by the tool relies on the following three categories of image processing algorithms: dynamic range adjustments by pixel intensity transformations, contrast enhancement and noise suppression by spatial domain direct manipulation of image pixels or by manipulation of wavelet coefficients. The first two categories of algorithms are implemented in real time. Initial use of the tool has demonstrated its potential in improving the detectability of diagnostic mammographic image features.
Identification and control of muscle-relaxant anaesthesia (1982)

Systems identification trials are described for determining the dynamics involved in drug-induced paralysis. The aim is to provide automatic control of levels of muscle relaxation in anaethetised patients undergoing surgery. A linearised model has been successfully identified giving combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The-model has implications for the design of feedback controllers, and simulations involving the use of Smith predictors are presented. Feedforward control is also considered to allow for perturbations in paralysis caused by general anaesthetic drugs used to induce unconsciousness.
Angucyclinones from an Indonesian <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. (2007)

Six new angucyclinone polyketides named panglimycins A-F were isolated together with the three known metabolites (+)-fujianmycin A, (+)-ochromycinone, and emycin C from the bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of the Indonesian Streptomyces strain ICBB8230. The new compounds are highly oxygenated angucyclinones that appear to be biosynthetically derived from ochromycinone or fujianmycin. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystal analysis, interpretation of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra, and comparison of the data with those of structurally related known natural products. Despite structural similarities to angucyclinones with antibiotic activities, the panglimycins did not exhibit any growth inhibition when tested against several bacteria and fungi.
NEEDLE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH MYOFASCIAL OR FIBROMYALGIC PAIN (1991)

Several past studies have evaluated the electromyographic activity of myofascial trigger points with conflicting results. This study was performed to determine whether spontaneous activity or motor unit activity was present in patients with focal myofascial pain or fibromyalgia. Using routine needle electromyographic techniques, we sampled reproducibly tender focal areas (tender points), similar tender areas with pain referral (trigger points), associated muscle bands and adjacent uninvolved musculature. Twenty-five subjects (14 females, 11 males, mean +/- SD age 43 +/- 14 years) were studied; twenty-one subjects with focal myofascial pain and four with fibromyalgia. Spontaneous fibrillatory or positive sharp wave potentials were not found in any muscle in the 25 subjects. There was no evidence of focal motor unit activity in the tender points, trigger points or associated muscle bands in either group. Motor unit recruitment was similar in all areas sampled. We conclude that no electrodiagnostic evidence of ongoing denervation or focal muscle spasm is found in association with focal myofascial pain or fibromyalgia.
Cancer immunotherapy using novel tumor‐associated antigenic peptides identified by genome‐wide <scp>cDNA</scp> microarray analyses (2015)

Recent genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in comprehensive tumor types coupled with isolation of cancer tissues by laser-microbeam microdissection have revealed ideal tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that are frequently overexpressed in various cancers including head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and lung cancer, but not in most normal tissues except for testis, placenta, and fetal organs. Preclinical studies using HLA-transgenic mice and human T cells in vitro showed that TAA-derived CTL-epitope short peptides (SPs) are highly immunogenic and induce HLA-A2 or -A24-restricted CTLs. Based on the accumulated evidence, we carried out a phase II clinical trial of the TAA-SP vaccine in advanced 37 HNSCC patients. This study showed a significant induction of TAA-specific CTLs in the majority of patients without serious adverse effects. Importantly, clinical responses including a complete response were observed in this study. Another phase II clinical trial of therapeutic TAA-SP vaccine, designed to evaluate the ability of prevention of recurrence, is ongoing in HNSCC patients who have received curative operations. Further studies in human preclinical studies and in vivo studies using HLA class I transgenic mice showed TAA-derived long peptides (TAA-LPs) have the capacity to induce not only promiscuous HLA class II-restricted CD4(+) T helper type 1 cells but also tumor-specific CTLs through a cross-presentation mechanism. Moreover, we observed an augmentation of TAA-LP-specific T helper type 1 cell responses and tumor antigen-spreading in HNSCC patients vaccinated with TAA-SPs. This accumulated evidence suggests that therapeutic TAA-SPs and LPs vaccines may provide a promising cancer immunotherapy.
Three-Way Catalyst Performance Characterization (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A simplified method was developed to obtain three-way catalyst performance data to be used for predicting vehicle CVS-H emissions. This method involves engine dynamometer aging of catalysts and characterization of their performance as a function of four variables, namely, redox potential, temperature, space velocity and a modulation parameter. In the process of reducing the number of variables, several simplifications were made. The simplifications, their limitations and the characteristic trends in the performance of a 11 Pt/Rh catalyst are discussed.</div>
Ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane of rats with proteinuria due to subtotal nephrectomy. (1980)

Subtotal nephrectomy in the rat gives rise to progressive proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and glomerulosclerosis. The proteinuria antedates significant ultrastructural lesions demonstrable by conventional techniques; its mechanism is obscure. In this article it is shown that proteinuria in this system is not accompanied by evident changes in the ultrastructural distribution of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane, as determined by organ perfusion with two cationic probe molecules. It is suggested that the proteinuria may reflect a change in the steric aspect of glomerular ultrafilration, in which the loss of renal mass imposes a significant rise in capillary pressure in a structure whose capillaries are peculiar in the high pressures they normally sustain and in their lack of mechanical support from the interstitium. It is suggested that a sustained rise in capillary pressure overcomes the rigidity of the glomerular basement membrane, so that its pore size increases and proteinuria results from basement membrane failure.
Determination of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography: a critical appraisal. (1986)

Doppler echocardiography enables noninvasive determination of blood velocity and flow area through which quantitation of blood flow in vessels and across valvular orifices can be achieved. The stroke volume is rendered as the product of the flow area and the area beneath the velocity curve; on taking the heart rate into consideration, the cardiac output can be calculated. Essentially, this method can be used in the region of all four cardiac valves, the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery. For calculation of the mitral and tricuspid velocity, the sample volume is positioned in the region of the tips of the leaflets or in the valve anulus. The flow area is most frequently calculated from the diameter of the valve anulus under the assumption of a circular cross-section. Additionally, in some studies, with respect to correction for area changes during diastole, separation of the leaflets in the M-mode echocardiogram has been employed. Determination of the right ventricular output is accomplished through the combination of the blood flow velocity in the pulmonary artery and the cross-sectional area of this vessel, the right ventricular outflow tract or the pulmonic anulus. To calculate flow in the ascending aorta, both pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler techniques have been employed and the diameter of the ascending aorta or the aortic root is derived echocardiographically. Comparative studies of the various methods show that measurement of flow in the region of the aortic anulus yields results somewhat superior to that of the other methods. Possible sources of error in these methods result from simplifying assumptions with respect to calculation of the area of flow, that is, equating the anatomical area with the area of flow, circular or elliptical cross-sectional models, temporal constancy of the areas as well as the velocities, that is, constant position of the sample volume, flat velocity profile and neglect of angle deviations.
A potential NES of the Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) does not confer shuttling (1999)

The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a multifunctional protein involved in the replication and maintenance of the viral episome. We identified a potential Rev-like nuclear export signal (NES) which, however, does not confer the export of EBNA1. In the yeast two-hybrid system EBNA1 does not bind to the nuclear exporter Crm1p. In spite of the RNA-binding ability of EBNA1 and its structural homologies to RNA binding proteins like hnRNP U and/or A1, EBNA1 does not shuttle to the cytoplasm in heterokaryon analysis. We propose the function of the RNA binding of EBNA1 in retaining RNAs to the nucleus.