gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on methods of particle size reduction of medicinal compounds. VI. Solvate formation of griseofulvin with benzene and dioxane. (1976)

Solvate formation of griseofulvin with benzene and dioxane was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray diffractometry. Combining ratios of the two solvates were determined by TG to be 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 with respect to griseofulvin and benzene, and griseofulvin and dioxane, respectively. From data by solubility measurements and by various thermal methods of analysis such as DSC, freezing point determination by cooling curve method, the phase diagrams of the systems between benzene and griseofulvin, and between dioxane and griseofulvin were constructed. Also, thermodynamic properties of these solvates were investigated. It was found that the transition temperatures and the overall heats of desolvation were 35°and 6.3±0.2 kcal/mole of solvent for the benzene solvate, and 80-85°and 6.0±0.5 kcal/mole for the dioxane solvate, respectively. Moreover, the possibilities of these solvates for applying to particle size reduction of griseofulvin were examined. As for the benzene solvate, the free griseofulvin obtained by desolvation has a specific surface area of 7 m2/g, and a mean particle size of 0.58μ. In the case of the dioxane solvate, the specific surface area after desolvation was reached to 4.8 m2/g ; however, the desolvated particles retained their original shapes. Surface structures of the two kinds of desolvated products were examined by scanning electron microscopy. As the results, it became clear that the desolvated particles from the dioxane solvate has a stout and very porous structure, though those from the benzene solvate are the laminar aggregates composed of very easily separable primary particles.
High sigma measurement of random threshold voltage variation in 14nm Logic FinFET technology (2015)

Random variation of threshold voltage (Vt) in MOSFETs plays a central role in determining the minimum operating voltage of products in a given process technology. Properly characterizing Vt variation requires a large volume of measurements of minimum size devices to understand the high sigma behavior. At the same time, a rapid measurement approach is required to keep the total measurement time practical. Here we describe a new test structure and measurement approach that enables practical characterization of Vt distributions to high sigma and its application to 14nm Logic FinFET technology. We show that both NMOS and PMOS single fin devices have very low random Vt variation of 19mV and 24mV respectively, normally distributed out to +/-5σ.
[Fractures of the distal end of the tibia in adolescents ("transitional fractures")]. (1989)

Presented are experiences in the treatment of 6 adolescents with fractures of the distal tibial portion. Treatment was conservative in 4 cases and operative reposition and fixation was performed in 2 cases. Functional and anatomic results were excellent in all 6 patients. This type of fractures in adolescents is not known enough.
Stabilization of Aliphatic Phosphines by Auxiliary Phosphine Sulfides Offers Zeptomolar Affinity and Unprecedented Selectivity for Probing Biological Cu<sup>I</sup> (2018)

Full elucidation of the functions and homeostatic pathways of biological copper requires tools that can selectively recognize and manipulate this trace nutrient within living cells and tissues, where it exists primarily as Cu<sup>I</sup> . Buffered at attomolar concentrations, intracellular Cu<sup>I</sup> is, however, not readily accessible to commonly employed amine and thioether-based chelators. Herein, we reveal a chelator design strategy in which phosphine sulfides aid in Cu<sup>I</sup> coordination while simultaneously stabilizing aliphatic phosphine donors, producing a charge-neutral ligand with low-zeptomolar dissociation constant and 10<sup>17</sup> -fold selectivity for Cu<sup>I</sup> over Zn<sup>II</sup> , Fe<sup>II</sup> , and Mn<sup>II</sup> . As illustrated by reversing ATP7A trafficking in cells and blocking long-term potentiation of neurons in mouse hippocampal brain tissue, the ligand is capable of intercepting copper-dependent processes. The phosphine sulfide-stabilized phosphine (PSP) design approach, which confers resistance towards protonation, dioxygen, and disulfides, could be readily expanded towards ligands and probes with tailored properties for exploring Cu<sup>I</sup> in a broad range of biological systems.
Computer arithmetic architectures with redundant number systems (2002)

Redundant arithmetic number systems are gaining popularity in computationally intensive environments particularly because of the carry-free addition/subtraction properties they possess. This property has enabled arithmetic operations such as addition, multiplication, division, square root, etc., to be performed much faster than with conventional binary number systems. In this paper, some of the recent contributions to the area of design of redundant arithmetic based addition, multiplication, division, and square root algorithms and architectures are briefly discussed. Also, only the use of bit/digit-parallel implementation for architectures is discussed so that the enhancement in speed through the use of redundant arithmetic becomes immediately apparent as opposed to the use of bit/digit-serial architectures, where the primary justification for their use is to conserve area. A new radix 2 division algorithm using over-redundant radix 2 quotient digits and requiring a 2 digit quotient selection function is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum Dots: Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors for Deep Water Flow Assurance (2020)

Abstract Flow assurance problem of gas hydrate formation in subsea transportation system of crude oil is addressed in this research work. The paper depicts the synthesis and evaluation of propylene glycol quantum dots as low-dosage hydrate inhibitor (LDHI) for preventing / delaying gas hydrate formation during transportation of crude oils in subsea pipelines. The thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, propylene glycol, has been developed as anti-agglomerant, which is a type of low-dosage hydrate inhibitor, by converting it into its quantum dots. The developed quantum dots (QDs), which are a few nanometer sized particles are a new addition to oilfield chemicals. They are highly effective in increasing induction time of gas hydrate formation and hydrate agglomeration time for multiphase flow of crude oil with water cut up to 90%. Hydrate formation induction and agglomeration time study are performed on a fabricated setup based on visual method of hydrate study on crude oil –water system including tetrahydrofuran, forming a model hydrate system. The developed quantum dots are characterized to obtain their optical and other properties. The research work showed the effectiveness of propylene glycol QDs as LDHI, which may be applicable in deep water production systems to avoid flow assurance problem in transportation pipelines.
Implications for Bat Evolution from Two New Complete Mitochondrial Genomes (2001)

Mitochondrial genomes are useful in the quantitative analysis of vertebrate evolution. We report here the complete mitochondrial genomes for a megabat (the flying fox, Pteropus scapulatus) and a microbat (the New Zealand long-tailed bat, Chalinolobus tuberculatus). The evolutionary history of bats (chiroptera) has been uncertain, and even the monophyly of this group has been questioned. The new sequences allow five questions to be addressed: the position of bats within eutheria, whether bats are monophyletic, whether microbats are paraphyletic with respect to megabats, the approximate timing of the origin of bats, and whether some insectivores (e.g., moles) form a sister group with bats. In order to examine these questions, we analyzed two data sets (both separately and combined), one with 12 protein-coding regions and the other with RNA (combined ribosomal RNAs and tRNAs). The results are congruent, support bat monophyly, and place bats close to the cetferungulates (whales [cetaceans] plus ferungulates [carnivores, ungulates, and perissodactyls]). The position of bats in the eutherian tree is uncertain. The most common assumption from anatomical evidence has been that they group with primates, flying lemurs, and tree shrews, forming the Archonta (Szalay 1977; Novacek 1992). However, in a phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibus jamaicensis; Pumo et al. 1998) it appeared more closely related to cetferungulates, a clade including Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, and Carnivora. Phylogenetic analysis from the c-myc gene sequences also support this relationship (Miyamoto, Porter, and Goodman 2000). The recent publication of the mitochondrial genome of the mole (Talpa europaea; Mouchaty et al. 2000) placed this insectivore close to the Jamaican fruit bat. The sister position of the mole and the Jamaican fruit bat can be further tested by the addition of our two new bat mitochondrial genomes. Even the relationship between microbats and megabats is uncertain. On the basis of neuroanatomy, it has been suggested that megabats are more closely related to primates than to microbats (Pettigrew 1986; Pettigrew et al. 1989). This would imply a diphyletic origin for bats, a hypothesis which has not been supported by sequence data (Bennett et al. 1988; Mindell, Dick, and Baker 1991; Van Den Bussche et al. 1998) and can now be tested with much longer sequences, such as complete mitochondrial genomes. In contrast to the hypothesis of
Avidity of specific IgG antibodies elicited by immunisation against Haemophilus influenzae type b. (1995)

With the recent findings of a correlation between bactericidal killing and affinity, our data highlight the need for a protective level to be expressed qualitatively as well as quantitatively.
Reply: Clinical outcome and prognostic factors for patients treated within a phase I study: the Royal Marsden Hospital Experience (2008)

Sir,

We thank the correspondent for his interest in our report. Dr Tirelli has raised important questions regarding the specific subgroup of urological cancer patients included in our previous reported series (Arkenau et al, 2008).

Dr Tirelli made the point that 66% of the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients included in the analysis were chemotherapy-naive. In 2004, two phase-III studies (Tannock et al, 2004; Petrylak et al, 2004) demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit approximating a median of 2.5 months for chemotherapy-naive CRPC patients who received docetaxel-based treatment compared to mitoxantrone/prednisone. This led to the approval of this agent in the setting of CRPC in the United Kingdom in June 2006. These circumstances explain why 37 of the 54 CRPC patients included in our analysis were chemotherapy-naive. All the remaining 17 patients received chemotherapy before their phase-I entry (including 10 patients who received prior docetaxel).

The superior outcome of the urological cancer patients subgroup in comparison with the non-urological tumour patients in our series could be attributed to the use of active agents in the former group. In fact, a high proportion of CRPC patients were treated in taxane combination phase-I trials (27 of 37 chemo-naive patients). Furthermore, many patients received abiraterone acetate, a novel CYP17-specific inhibitor, within this analysis or later; this agent has already shown preliminary promising activity (Attard et al, 2008). In addition, our urological cancer patients cohort include bladder and renal cancer patients, and many of them were treated within taxane combinations or novel antiangiogenic phase-I trials, respectively.

Although additional retrospective CRPC subgroups analysis comparing outcomes in chemo-pretreated and chemo-naive patients would be interesting, we note that the numbers in each of these groups are small (ie, 17 and 37, respectively) and the results from such analysis have to be treated with extreme caution. Prospective, randomised trials would be necessary to address the question of the optimal timing of docetaxel administration, and therefore the best timing for phase-I consideration relative to conventional chemotherapy in CRPC.

Nonetheless, overall, these retrospective data provide preliminary clinical and ethical support for the exploration of novel agents both before and after docetaxel within early clinical trials, especially in CRPC patients where advances over the last two decades have been small.
Secondary access to the radar spectrum bands: Regulatory and business implications (2013)

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the content of various types of myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHC) in the vastus lateralis muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake during moderate power output incremental exercise, performed at low and at high pedalling rates. Twenty one male subjects (mean +/- SD) aged 24.1 +/- 2.8 years; body mass 72.9 +/- 7.2 kg; height 179.1 +/- 4.8 cm; BMI 22.69 +/- 1.89 kg.m(-2); VO2max 50.6 +/- 5.3 ml.kg.min(-1), participated in this study. On separate days, they performed two incremental exercise tests at 60 rev.min(-1) and at 120 rev.min(-1), until exhaustion. Gas exchange variables were measured continuously breath by breath. Blood samples were taken for measurements of plasma lactate concentration prior to the exercise test and at the end of each step of the incremental exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle, using Bergström needle, and they were analysed for the content of MyHC I and MyHC II using SDS--PAGE and two groups (n=7, each) were selected: group H with the highest content of MyHC II (60.7 % +/- 10.5 %) and group L with the lowest content of MyHC II (27.6 % +/- 6.1 %). We have found that during incremental exercise at the power output between 30-120 W, performed at 60 rev.min(-1), oxygen uptake in the group H was significantly greater than in the group L (ANCOVA, p=0.003, upward shift of the intercept in VO2/power output relationship). During cycling at the same power output but at 120 rev.min(-1), the oxygen uptake was also higher in the group H, when compared to the group L (i.e. upward shift of the intercept in VO2/power output relationship, ANCOVA, p=0.002). Moreover, the increase in pedalling rate from 60 to 120 rev.min(-1) was accompanied by a significantly higher increase of oxygen cost of cycling and by a significantly higher plasma lactate concentration in subjects from group H. We concluded that the muscle mechanical efficiency, expressed by the VO2/PO ratio, during cycling in the range of power outputs 30-120 W, performed at 60 as well as 120 rev.min(-1), is significantly lower in the individuals with the highest content of MyHC II, when compared to the individuals with the lowest content of MyHC II in the vastus lateralis.
Robust longitudinal rate gyro bias estimation for reliable pitch attitude observation through utilization of a displaced accelerometer array (2008)

In this thesis, a novel attitude estimation device is proposed utilizing cost-effective measurement sensors. The device fuses a rate gyroscope with an accelerometer array to estimate and eliminate the rate gyro bias online yielding accurate real time aircraft attitude tracking. Attitude determination algorithms are dependent on instantaneous and accurate measurements of translational and rotational body rates for precise estimation of vehicle orientation in three-dimensional space. Measurement error of instantaneous rate sensors, gyroscopes, is introduced via inherent biases and signal noise resulting in gyro drift. Integration of the rate signal for calculation of a net displacement amplifies these minute measurement errors leading to inaccurate and unreliable attitude observation. The proposed device is a departure from typical attitude observers and bias estimators due to its reliance on accelerometers measuring the local gravitational vector in lieu of additional magnetic field sensors or GPS. The end result of this work is a longitudinal attitude estimation device able to compute a rate gyro bias in real-time producing accurate pitch angle tracking while subjected to simulated aircraft flight conditions. The effectiveness of the newly constructed attitude estimation algorithm is demonstrated by comparison of attitude and rate gyro bias estimates produced from noise corrupted and biased sensors with the actual attitude of a nonlinear aircraft model and true rate gyro bias.
Web-based decision support and telemonitoring system for the management of diabetes (2002)

Summary form only given. We have developed two prototype diabetic computer systems, supporting home data analysis and therapy recommendations for the individual patient, which aim to match the iterative practices of the medical profession and the patient's medical needs. Advanced methods of time series analysis are used to extract patterns and interpret abrupt changes in the patterns from home data. The first system focuses on visit-by-visit adjustments, based on the whole dataset collected between clinic visits; essentially a prototype for a physician assistant to be implemented as part of a diabetes management system with distributed intelligence. The second, evolved from the first, incorporates recent technological advances to extend it to a Web-based system. It provides day-to-day management support, access to electronic diabetes records for end-users, and real-time information for healthcare professionals to facilitate their decision-making. It integrates a portable glucometer, handheld computer, mobile phone and Internet access as a combined telecommunication and mobile computing solution for diabetes management. This system introduces an innovative online diabetes management concept, for example, online appointment and consultation, enabling users to access diabetes management information without time and location limitation and security concerns.
Enantioselective Addition of Enol Silyl Ethers to Imines Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes:  A Novel Way to Optically Active Acylalanine Derivatives (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Addition of Enol Silyl Ethers to Imines Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes: A Novel Way to Optically Active Acylalanine DerivativesEmiko Hagiwara, Akio Fujii, and Mikiko SodeokaView Author Information Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10, 2474–2475Publication Date (Web):February 26, 1998Publication History Received19 November 1997Published online26 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973962nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973962nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2348Altmetric-Citations241LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Enolates,Ethers,Palladium,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Apparent diffusion coefficient ratio correlates significantly with prostate cancer gleason score at final pathology (2014)

ADC measurements showed a significant correlation with tumor Gleason score at final pathology. The ADCratio demonstrated the best correlation compared to the ADCtumor value and radically improved accuracy in discriminating Gleason score ≤7(3+4) from Gleason score ≥7(4+3) tumors.
Inner Product Similarity Search using Compositional Codes (2014)

This paper addresses the nearest neighbor search problem under inner product similarity and introduces a compact code-based approach. The idea is to approximate a vector using the composition of several elements selected from a source dictionary and to represent this vector by a short code composed of the indices of the selected elements. The inner product between a query vector and a database vector is efficiently estimated from the query vector and the short code of the database vector. We show the superior performance of the proposed group $M$-selection algorithm that selects $M$ elements from $M$ source dictionaries for vector approximation in terms of search accuracy and efficiency for compact codes of the same length via theoretical and empirical analysis. Experimental results on large-scale datasets ($1M$ and $1B$ SIFT features, $1M$ linear models and Netflix) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
Phosphorylation of the gamma chain of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E by receptor-associated protein kinase C-delta. (1994)

The gamma chain of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E is a member of the T-cell antigen receptor zeta chain family and a functional subunit common to both T-cell and Fc receptors. Here we report that the gamma chain is phosphorylated on threonine in response to protein kinase C activation. Furthermore, the threonine phosphorylation of the gamma chain correlates with the endocytosis of this receptor. We identified a receptor-associated kinase as the calcium-independent protein kinase C-delta and found that it associates with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the beta chain. In addition, protein kinase C-delta was the only isozyme capable of phosphorylating the gamma chain in vitro. These findings provide evidence for the functional role of protein kinase C-delta in early signal transduction events in the mast cell and suggest a more general mechanism of activation for receptors that share subunits of the zeta chain family.
Molecular analysis of the lower respiratory tract microbiota (2005)

It was proposed that the lower airways of patients with asthmas and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) might possess uncharacterised bacterial components absent from the healthy respiratory tract.;Total genomic DNA was extracted from induced sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage samples from healthy volunteers, mild asthmatics and COPD patients. Following this, clones containing bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were produced using broad-range bacterial primers and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). These were grouped using restriction analysis and characterised by selective sequencing. The bacterial composition of each sample was then determined and the distribution of individual groups and overall sample group diversities derived and compared across the volunteer groups. Such analyses have not previously been applied to samples from humans.;Bacterial populations of surprising complexity were present, not only in respiratory disease, but also in respiratory health. This raises questions about the natural sterility of the lower respiratory tract and whether there is a genuine resident microbiota. While no single predominant organism showed a strong association, several organisms represented by low clone frequencies were differentially associated with health or disease. Moreover, the Bacterial diversity present in samples from healthy volunteers was significantly greater than that detected in samples from patients. Molecular characterisation of the bacteria present in lower airways revealed novel and potentially important aspects of the human-associated microbiota.