gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reaction of Indene Chloride with Phenols (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Indene Chloride with PhenolsC. M. Suter and Garson A. LutzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1365–1368Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning to Detect Sepsis with a Multitask Gaussian Process RNN Classifier (2017)

We present a scalable end-to-end classifier that uses streaming physiological and medication data to accurately predict the onset of sepsis, a life-threatening complication from infections that has high mortality and morbidity. Our proposed framework models the multivariate trajectories of continuous-valued physiological time series using multitask Gaussian processes, seamlessly accounting for the high uncertainty, frequent missingness, and irregular sampling rates typically associated with real clinical data. The Gaussian process is directly connected to a black-box classifier that predicts whether a patient will become septic, chosen in our case to be a recurrent neural network to account for the extreme variability in the length of patient encounters. We show how to scale the computations associated with the Gaussian process in a manner so that the entire system can be discriminatively trained end-to-end using backpropagation. In a large cohort of heterogeneous inpatient encounters at our university health system we find that it outperforms several baselines at predicting sepsis, and yields 19.4% and 55.5% improved areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Precision Recall curves as compared to the NEWS score currently used by our hospital.
Fully-compensated emitter-coupled logic (1973)

New approaches to fact ECL circuitry overcoming system drawbacks by eliminating sensitivity to environmental changes will be offered. Circuits displaying low-level dependency over wide ranges of ambient temperature, typically -30 to +85° C and -4.7 V to -6.2 V, will be described.
Looking ahead (2013)

Exploratory search is a complex, iterative information seeking activity that involves running multiple queries and finding and examining many documents. We designed a query preview control that visualizes the distribution of newly-retrieved and re-retrieved documents prior to running the query. When evaluating the preview control with a control condition, we found effects on both people's information seeking behavior and improved retrieval performance. People spent more time formulating a query and were more likely to explore search results more deeply, retrieved a more diverse set of documents, and found more different relevant documents when using the preview.
ESD protection circuit with an improved ESD capability for input or output circuit protection (2005)

An ESD protection circuit in chip level protection is proposed as the electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamping circuit such as thick field oxide (TFO), grounded gate MOS (GGNMOS) and separated stages for input or output protection. The ESD protection circuits for input pad and output pad were implemented from the proposed ESD protection circuit. The realized protection circuits for input pad and output pad have been simulated by HSPICE and approved the improved ESD capability.
Noise attenuation of the geophysical data using the framelet transform (2012)

This paper is on the use of the framelet transformation for noise surpression of geophysical data. The main contribution lies in the application of the transformation for geophysical data. The results of the proposed approach are compared to the use of f-x deconvolution filtering and the curvelet transformation for the same purpose on seismic data. Visually, an improvement in noise reduction is detected.
Plasma osteopontin levels in patients with head and neck cancer and cervix cancer are critically dependent on the choice of ELISA system (2006)

Commercially available OPN ELISA systems produce different absolute plasma OPN levels, compromising a comparison of individual patient data with published results. However, different assays appear to have a similar capacity to rank patients according to plasma OPN level. A review of literature data suggests that plasma OPN levels measured even with identical ELISA systems can only be compared with caution.
One-pass GPRS and IMS authentication procedure for UMTS (2005)

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) supports Internet protocol (IP) multimedia services through IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS). Since the IMS information is delivered through the general packet radio service (GPRS) transport network, a UMTS mobile station (MS) must activate GPRS packet data protocol (PDP) context before it can register to the IMS network. In the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications, authentication is performed at both the GPRS and the IMS networks before an MS can access the IMS services. We observe that many steps in this 3GPP "two-pass" authentication procedure are identical. Based on our observation, this paper proposes an one-pass authentication procedure that only needs to perform GPRS authentication. At the IMS level, authentication is implicitly performed in IMS registration. Our approach may save up to 50% of the IMS registration/authentication traffic, as compared with the 3GPP two-pass procedure. We formally prove that the one-pass procedure correctly authenticate the IMS users.
Optical Energy Gaps in the Monoclinic Oxides of Hafnium and Zirconium and Their Solid Solutions<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Energy Gaps in the Monoclinic Oxides of Hafnium and Zirconium and Their Solid Solutions1J. G. Bendoraitis and R. E. SalomonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 10, 3666–3667Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100894a513https://doi.org/10.1021/j100894a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Immunochromatographic Assay on Thread (2012)

Lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays are low-cost, simple-to-use, rapid tests for point-of-care screening of infectious diseases, drugs of abuse, and pregnancy. However, lateral flow assays are generally not quantitative, give a yes/no answer, and lack multiplexing. Threads have recently been proposed as a support for transporting and mixing liquids in lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays, but their use for quantitative high-sensitivity immunoassays has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we introduce the immunochromatographic assay on thread (ICAT) in a cartridge format that is suitable for multiplexing. The ICAT is a sandwich assay performed on a cotton thread knotted to a nylon fiber bundle, both of which are precoated with recognition antibodies against one target analyte. Upon sample application, the assay results become visible to the eye within a few minutes and are quantified using a flatbed scanner. Assay conditions were optimized, the binding curves for C-reactive protein (CRP) in buffer and diluted serum were established and a limit of detection of 377 pM was obtained. The possibility of multiplexing was demonstrated using three knotted threads coated with antibodies against CRP, osteopontin, and leptin proteins. The performance of the ICAT was compared with that of the paper-based and conventional assays. The results suggest that thread is a suitable support for making low-cost, sensitive, simple-to-use, and multiplexed diagnostic tests.
Band broadening in electrokinetic chromatography with micellar solutions and open-tubular capillaries (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBand broadening in electrokinetic chromatography with micellar solutions and open-tubular capillariesShigeru. Terabe, Koji. Otsuka, and Teiichi. AndoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 3, 251–260Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00178a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase of Flavonoids Derived from Lotus Leaf (2008)

The powder of lotus leaf was extracted with 60% ethanol completely,and then the mixtures were degreased using petroleum ether.Finally,the various fractions of flavonoids were separated and purified from the extractions by polyamide column chromatography.The effects of 50% ethanol eluted flavonoids extraction and orlistat on the enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase were studied.It was found that the half-inhibition concentrations (IC50) of them were 0.0076 and 0.0048 mg/mL,respectively.Based on the Dixon plots and Linweaver-Burk plots,the lipase inhibitor demonstrated uncompetitive inhibition for pancreatic lipase,as well as the inhibitory constant (Ki) and the Michaelis—Menten constant (Km) were 0.0147 and 42.2 mg/mL.
Oligomeric Products in Plasma=Polymerized Organosilicones (1983)

Abstract Plasma polymers were deposited from a number of methylsilazane and methylsiloxane monomers of linear and cyclic structure. The oligomeric phase evolved from the polymers by a mild thermal treatment was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry combined techniques. The oligomeric phase was found to be composed of the low-molecular-weight products with the weight being mostly no higher than two monomer units. The results suggested that the oligomers might be formed in the gas phase and then they diffuse to the surface of the growing polymer film. The structure of the oligomeric products indicated that their formation must proceed via the Si-N and Si-O bonds fission in silazane and siloxane monomers, respectively. An ionic nature of the primary active species involved in this process was assumed owing to the high susceptibility of these bonds toward heterolytic fission. The postulated ionic mechanism, considered to account for the formation of the observed oligomers, seems to be more reasonable than the radical mechanism. Pyrolysis/gas chromatography and infrared investigations of plasma polymers revealed that methylsilyl groups in the monomers were highly susceptible to form disilymethylene and disilymethylene and disylyethylene cross-linkages. This process was assumed to proceed via homolytic fission of the Si-C and C-H bonds in methylsilyl groups and subsequent recombination of formed radical species. Based on these results, the elementary reactions contributing to the overall plasma polymerization processes of both ionic and radical mechanisms were formulated.
Growth of infectious salmon anaemia virus in CHSE-214 cells and evidence for phenotypic differences between virus strains (2000)

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a new orthomyxovirus-like virus. Thirteen isolates of ISAV (11 from Canada, one from Norway and one from Scotland) were studied for their replication in the CHSE-214 cell line compared with that in the SHK-1 cell line. All isolates replicated in SHK-1 cells, producing CPE between 3 and 12 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Six Canadian isolates also replicated in CHSE-214 cells, with production of CPE between 4 and 17 days p.i. Analysis of a one-step growth curve of ISAV in CHSE-214 cells showed that progeny virions remained predominantly cell-associated, accounting for the focalized nature of the CPE in the cell monolayer. One isolate (HKS 36) replicated in CHSE-214 cells, as shown by positive RT-PCR results of blind passages, but was non-cytopathic. All of the isolates were analysed for genetic heterogeneity by RT-PCR and RFLP with EcoRI and XhoI in a fraction of genome segment 2. The Canadian isolates showed a different RFLP profile to those of isolates Glesvaer/2/90 from Norway and 390/98 from Scotland. Structural proteins of four isolates, 'Back Bay 98', RPC/NB-877, RPC/NB-049 and Glesvaer/2/90, were examined further by SDS-PAGE. All viruses showed four major polypeptides, designated here as VP1-VP4, in Coomassie blue-stained gels. In isolates Glesvaer/2/90 and RPC/NB-877, these viral proteins had estimated molecular masses of 74, 53, 46 and 26.5 kDa, respectively. Viral proteins in isolates 'Back Bay 98' and RPC/NB-049 were of similar sizes, except that VP3 was 43 kDa. Taken together, these results show that there are phenotypic differences among strains of ISAV.
Pay Less Attention with Lightweight and Dynamic Convolutions (2019)

Self-attention is a useful mechanism to build generative models for language and images. It determines the importance of context elements by comparing each element to the current time step. In this paper, we show that a very lightweight convolution can perform competitively to the best reported self-attention results. Next, we introduce dynamic convolutions which are simpler and more efficient than self-attention. We predict separate convolution kernels based solely on the current time-step in order to determine the importance of context elements. The number of operations required by this approach scales linearly in the input length, whereas self-attention is quadratic. Experiments on large-scale machine translation, language modeling and abstractive summarization show that dynamic convolutions improve over strong self-attention models. On the WMT'14 English-German test set dynamic convolutions achieve a new state of the art of 29.7 BLEU.
The essential role of integrative biomedical sciences in protecting and contributing to the health and well-being of our nation. (1994)

The biomedical sciences in the United States are currently experiencing the effects of an increased emphasis on in vitro models of biological and disease processes. Advances in cellular and subcellular biology have been a driving force in the funding of new research, the training of new scientists, and new drug discovery and development. The importance of new findings at the cellular and subcellular levels is not disputed. However, the corresponding decline in funding and training opportunities for biologically relevant investigations at the level of the intact animal (including humans; hereafter designated as integrative biology) is a serious threat to continued biomedical advances. The lack of resources for integrative biology has far-reaching negative consequences in 1) the development and utilization of whole animal models of disease and dysfunction; 2) assessing the relevancy of in vitro studies to physiological mechanisms; 3) the evaluation of the scientific merit of whole animal investigations and their relevancy to the nation's scientific imperatives; 4) the instruction of young scientists in the technology and especially in the methods of integrative biology, including how to develop appropriate experimental hypotheses; 5) the instruction of graduate, medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing students in drug and disease processes in the intact human; and 6) the ability of the pharmaceutical manufacturers, the FDA, the EPA and academia to hire scientists who can develop drugs and evaluate the effects of exogenous agents on the intact animal. These negative consequences can be alleviated in a variety of ways. These include 1) increasing the availability of funding for research in integrative biology, 2) increasing the opportunities for training in integrative biology, and 3) instituting grant reviews of integrative biomedical research by peers in integrative biomedical sciences. These measures can revitalize integrative biomedical research, help ensure the continued advancement of biomedical understanding, and consequently contribute to the alleviation of human suffering.
Positron Emission Tomography of<i>in-vivo</i>Binding Characteristics of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs (1996)

Several types of neuroreceptors are of interest with respect to antipsychotic activity, in particular the D 2 , D 1 , and 5-HT 2 receptors. Among currently prescribed antipsychotic drugs, some have an affinity for a broad range of neuroreceptors, while others are more selective for the D 2 receptor (Hytell et al , 1985). The most widely accepted hypothesis of neuroleptic drug action is that antipsychotic effects are mediated by a blockade of the dopamine receptors (Carlsson & Lindqvist, 1963; van Rossum, 1966; Creese et al , 1976; Seeman et al , 1976; Peroutka & Snyder, 1980). This hypothesis has been supported by consistent findings of high D 2 receptor occupancy in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients treated with antipsychotic drugs (Farde et al , 1986; Smith et al , 1988; Baron et al , 1989). At the same time, the risk of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) seems particularly high in patients with occupancy above 80% (Farde et al , 1992) (Fig. 1).
Development of a wearable motion capture suit and virtual reality biofeedback system for the instruction and analysis of sports rehabilitation exercises (2007)

This paper describes the design and development of a computer game for instructing an athlete through a series of prescribed rehabilitation exercises. In an attempt to prevent or treat musculoskeletal type injuries along with trying to improve physical performance, athletes are prescribed exercise programmes by appropriately trained specialists. Typically athletes are shown how to perform each exercise in the clinic following examination but they often have no way of knowing if their technique is correct while they are performing their home exercise programme. We describe a system that allows an automatic audit of this activity. Our system utilises ten inertial motion tracking sensors incorporated in a wearable body suit which allows a bluetooth connection from a root hub to a laptop/computer. Using our specifically designed software programme, the athlete can be instructed and analysed as he/she performs the individually tailored exercise programme and a log is recorded of the time and performance level of each exercise completed. We describe a case study that illustrates how a clinician can at a later date review the athletes progress and subsequently alter the exercise programme as they see fit.
Adoptive Immunotherapy with Tumor-Cytotoxic Macrophages Derived from Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhuGM-CSF) Mobilized Peripheral Blood Monocytes (1997)

We examined the mobilization of blood monocytes (MO) with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF) with regard to the in vitro generation of MO-derived tumor-cytotoxic macrophages (MAC) for use in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients. Eleven patients with progressing metastatic cancer received interferon (IFN)-gamma activated tumor-cytotoxic MAC generated in vitro from autologous MO with and without pretreatment with rhuGM-CSF. RhuGM-CSF was administered subcutaneously at 10 micrograms/kg for 7 days. RhuGM-CSF treatment and adoptive cell transfer were well tolerated, and no toxicity greater than WHO II degrees occurred. Fever was the most common side effect and was seen in all patients during rhuGM-CSF treatment and during 9 of 22 MAC therapies. Bone pain was noted in 5 of 11 patients during rhuGM-CSF therapy. RhuGM-CSF treatment led to a continuous increase in the white blood cell counts and the number of MO within the leukapheresis products. The mean number of transfused MAC was 0.9 x 10(9) without rhuGM-CSF pretreatment and 1.9 x 10(9) after rhuGM-CSF administration. The maximum number of MAC that could be generated was 7.3 x 10(9), but after a dose escalation protocol only up to 2.7 x 10(9) MAC were transfused. Cytotoxicity against U937 cells increased during MO to MAC differentiation, but was decreased in both MO and MAC on treatment with rhuGM-CSF. This study proves the feasibility of reinfusing MAC generated in vitro from rhuGM-CSF mobilized MO.
Biological versus electronic adaptive coloration: how can one inform the other? (2012)

Adaptive reflective surfaces have been a challenge for both electronic paper (e-paper) and biological organisms. Multiple colours, contrast, polarization, reflectance, diffusivity and texture must all be controlled simultaneously without optical losses in order to fully replicate the appearance of natural surfaces and vividly communicate information. This review merges the frontiers of knowledge for both biological adaptive coloration, with a focus on cephalopods, and synthetic reflective e-paper within a consistent framework of scientific metrics. Currently, the highest performance approach for both nature and technology uses colourant transposition. Three outcomes are envisioned from this review: reflective display engineers may gain new insights from millions of years of natural selection and evolution; biologists will benefit from understanding the types of mechanisms, characterization and metrics used in synthetic reflective e-paper; all scientists will gain a clearer picture of the long-term prospects for capabilities such as adaptive concealment and signaling.