gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative RT-PCR distribution of serotonin 5-HT6 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of control or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats (1996)

Possible adaptive changes of the recently cloned serotonin 5-HT6 receptor after the selective lesion of serotoninergic neurons by an intracerebral administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine were investigated using competitive RT-PCR (reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction) for the measurement of 5-HT6-mRNA in various areas of the rat central nervous system. In control rats, 5-HT6-mRNA was the most abundant in the nucleus accumbens, followed by the olfactory tubercle and the striatum. High levels of 5-HT6-mRNA were also found in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, whereas the cerebral cortex, the substantia nigra, and the spinal cord contained moderate levels of the transcript. Low but easily quantifiable levels of 5-HT6-mRNA were measured in the ventral tegmental area, the anterior raphe area, and the cerebellum. In addition, moderate to low levels of this mRNA were also found in dorsal root ganglia and the pituitary gland. Three weeks after the microinfusion of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the anteroventral vicinity of the dorsal raphe nucleus in nomifensine-pretreated rats, the levels of serotonin transporter-mRNA were reduced by 90% in the anterior raphe area, as expected of the extensive lesion of serotoninergic neurons. In contrast, quantitative determinations of the 5-HT6-mRNA in this area as well as in the nucleus accumbens, the striatum, and the hippocampus indicated that its levels were not significantly different in 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats and in controls. These data showed that the 5-HT6 receptor: 1) is not an autoreceptor, and 2) exhibits probably no up regulation in postsynaptic target cells after the selective degeneration of serotoninergic projections.
Nanohole Array as a Lens (2008)

We demonstrate that a quasi-crystal array of nanoholes in a metal screen can mimic a function of the lens: one-to-one imaging of a point source located a few tens of wavelengths away from the array to a point on the other side of the array. A displacement of the point source leads to a linear displacement of the image point. Complex structures composed of multiple point sources can be faithfully imaged with resolutions comparable to those of high numerical aperture lenses.
Dense transmit and receive phased arrays (2010)

A dense antenna array architecture is developed to ease the circuit requirements of the radio frequency (RF) front-end in beamforming applications. In the architecture, antennas are spaced more closely than required by the sampling principle to exploit the available degrees of freedom. This array structure is analogous to temporally oversampled data conversion systems, which have reduced quantizer resolution requirements. In, we have developed a spatial-domain version of ΔΣ quantization, and have shown that with binary quantization for the in-phase and quadrature components of antenna weights, modest amounts of oversampling can reproduce beamforming patterns of interest to practically useful levels of accuracy. In this paper, we incorporate mutual coupling between antennas and impedance matching in the over-sampling scheme and analyze their effects on the performance of this dense-array architecture. These effects do not change the validity of the dense array.
Combinations of rendered protein meals for growing calves (1992)

Complementary responses between rendered protein meals were investigated in this study. In a preliminary trial using 12 mature wethers in two replications, there was no difference (P greater than .20) in N digestibility between meat and bone meal (MBM; 96.7%), feather meal (FTH; 89.8%), and soybean meal (SBM; 98.7%). In a 112-d growth trial, individually fed calves (n = 120; 230 kg) received graded levels of FTH, MBM, 50:50 MBM-FTH (CP basis), or SBM with or without tryptophan (Trp) supplementation. Additions of Trp increased plasma Trp levels (P less than .05) but failed to improve efficiency of protein utilization (P greater than .35). Pooled results showed that this efficiency was greater (P less than .05) for FTH (1.47) than for MBM (1.04), FTH:MBM (.80), or SBM (.66). A trial was conducted to determine whether Trp addition reduces growth response to FTH:MBM (50:50) combinations. Calves (n = 230; 285 kg) were blocked by sex and weight into six replications and received FTH:MBM supplying 35% of the supplemental CP fed alone or with a high or low level of Trp supplement. Negative (urea only) and positive controls were included. Calves receiving FTH:MBM combinations gained faster (P less than .10) and were more efficient (P less than .10) than urea-supplemented calves. Performance was not altered by Trp addition. Calves (n = 120; 230 kg) were individually fed in two replications (43 or 48% CP MBM in Replications 1 and 2, respectively) of a growth trial to determine whether there was a complementary response between blood meal (BM) and MBM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct detection and automated sequencing of individual alleles after electrophoretic strand separation: identification of a common nonsense mutation in exon 9 of the human lipoprotein lipase gene (1990)

Large-scale screening by direct sequencing of DNA to detect molecular variants remains a laborious endeavor whose difficulty is compounded by heterozygosity. We show that mobility shifts of single-stranded DNA electrophoresed under nondenaturing conditions can be used not only to detect variants (Orita,M. et al., 1989, Genomics, 5, 874-879), but also to separate and sequence directly individual alleles. In this manner, we have identified a common variant of human lipoprotein lipase resulting from a nonsense mutation in exon 9 of the gene. Whether this variant is of functional significance remains to be determined.
Prediction of error probabilities for integrated digital synchronizers (1984)

Synchronization errors occur when asynchronous digital signals are received by clocked digital systems. Digital synchronizers are designed to minimize the probability of such errors. Empirical determination of error probabilities, as used in the past, is not a viable method for large-scale integrated circuit because it is cumbersome, interferes with the circuit performance, and does not account for tolerances of circuit parameters. The authors describe a complete method for predicting synchronization-error probabilities using circuit simulation and theoretical analysis. The analysis includes the efforts of random noise. The simulation model readily takes into account tolerances of the circuit parameters. The direct observability of all parameters of the model enhances the understanding of the synchronization process and the reliability of the predictions.
[The Development and Application of Drug Review Tool: Potentially Inappropriate Medication-Taiwan Criteria]. (2019)

The absorption, action, and metabolism characteristics of drugs change in older adults due to factors including the normal process of aging and the impacts of disease on organ functions. Changes in the profile and proportions of drug use among older adults increase with increases in the severity of functional decline and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Drugs that are classified as "potentially inappropriate medications" (PIMs) carry a higher risk of causing adverse reactions in older adults, provide uncertain therapeutic benefits, or may be substituted by alternative drugs that are generally safer to use. Researchers have developed criteria for PIMs in geriatric medicine that are applicable to clinical practice and research. This article introduces the development and application of the PIM-Taiwan criteria to help nurses better understand the current knowledge related to medication use among older adults and the results of related research in Taiwan.
Restoring consistent global states of distributed computations (1991)

article Free Access Share on Restoring consistent global states of distributed computations Authors: Arthur P. Goldberg Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New YorkView Profile , Ajei Gopal Department of Computer Sceince, Cornell University and Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York Department of Computer Sceince, Cornell University and Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New YorkView Profile , Andy Lowry Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New YorkView Profile , Rob Strom Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York Distributed Systems Software Technology Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New YorkView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 26Issue 12Dec. 1991 pp 144–154https://doi.org/10.1145/127695.122772Published:01 December 1991Publication History 38citation296DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations38Total Downloads296Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
ABCA1 Is Required for Normal Central Nervous System ApoE Levels and for Lipidation of Astrocyte-secreted apoE (2004)

ABCA1 is an ATP-binding cassette protein that transports cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Lack of ABCA1 in humans and mice causes abnormal lipidation and increased catabolism of HDL, resulting in very low plasma apoA-I, apoA-II, and HDL. Herein, we have used Abca1-/- mice to ask whether ABCA1 is involved in lipidation of HDL in the central nervous system (CNS). ApoE is the most abundant CNS apolipoprotein and is present in HDL-like lipoproteins in CSF. We found that Abca1-/- mice have greatly decreased apoE levels in both the cortex (80% reduction) and the CSF (98% reduction). CSF from Abca1-/- mice had significantly reduced cholesterol as well as small apoE-containing lipoproteins, suggesting abnormal lipidation of apoE. Astrocytes, the primary producer of CNS apoE, were cultured from Abca1+/+, +/-, and -/- mice, and nascent lipoprotein particles were collected. Abca1-/- astrocytes secreted lipoprotein particles that had markedly decreased cholesterol and apoE and had smaller apoE-containing particles than particles from Abca1+/+ astrocytes. These findings demonstrate that ABCA1 plays a critical role in CNS apoE metabolism. Since apoE isoforms and levels strongly influence Alzheimer's disease pathology and risk, these data suggest that ABCA1 may be a novel therapeutic target.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF C-CAM CELL ADHESION MOLECULE IN PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS IN A TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL (1999)

C-CAM expression correlates with the differentiation states of prostate epithelia and is down regulated early in prostate tumorigenesis in the TRAMP model.
<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> parasites alter the balance of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the induction of regulatory T cells (2008)

Immunity induced by Plasmodium vivax infections leads to memory T-cell recruitment and activation during subsequent infections. Here, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in coordination with the host immune response during P. vivax infection. Our results showed a significant increase in the percentage of FOXP3+ Treg, IL-10-secreting Type I Treg (Tr1) and IL-10 levels in patients with acute P. vivax infection as compared with those found in either naïve or immune controls. The concurrent increase in the Treg population could also be reproduced in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naïve controls stimulated with crude antigens extracted from P. vivax-infected red blood cells. Acute P. vivax infections were associated with a significant decrease in the numbers of DC, indicating a general immunosuppression during P. vivax infections. However, unlike P. falciparum infections, we found that the ratio of myeloid DC (MDC) to plasmacytoid DC (PDC) was significantly lower in acute P. vivax patients than that of naïve and immune controls. Moreover, the reduction in PDC may be partly responsible for the poor antibody responses during P. vivax infections. Taken together, these results suggest that P. vivax parasites interact with DC, which alters the MDC/PDC ratio that potentially leads to Treg activation and IL-10 release.
Risk Aware Resource Allocation for Clouds (2011)

Cloud computing offers on-demand access to large-scale computing resources in a pay-as-you go manner. Market-based resource allocation mechanisms are gaining popularity among commercial cloud providers to deal with dynamically fluctuating resource demands. For example, the recently introduced Amazon EC2 spot instances allow users to bid for computing resources and thus control the cost vs. reliability trade-offs of their workloads. Although this promises significant cost reduction, it comes at an additional risk of price fluctuation. This will get worse as cloud computing gradually moves towards a free market system. We propose a novel approach that utilizes financial option theory to simultaneously mitigate risk and minimize cost for cloud users. We formulate the cloud user optimization problem and mathematically characterize the cost of using European style options for clouds. We also propose a novel on-line policy using American options that outperforms base-line spot policies in terms of price variance reduction against high risk factors. We present trace-driven simulation experiments to support our results.
Graft-versus-host disease biomarkers: omics and personalized medicine (2013)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the most effective form of tumor immunotherapy available to date and the frequency of transplants continues to increase worldwide. However, while allo-HSCT usually induces a beneficial graft-versus leukemia effect, a major source of morbidity and mortality following allo-HSCT is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Currently available diagnostic and staging tools frequently fail to identify those at higher risk for GVHD morbidity, treatment unresponsiveness, and death. Furthermore, there are shortcomings in the risk stratification of patients before GVHD clinical signs develop. In parallel, recent years have been characterized by an explosive evolution of omics technologies, largely due to technological advancements in chemistry, engineering, and bioinformatics. Building on these opportunities, plasma biomarkers have been identified and validated as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools for acute GVHD. This review summarizes current information on the types of GVHD biomarkers, the omics tools used to identify them, the biomarkers currently validated as acute GVHD markers, and future recommendations for incorporating biomarkers into new grading algorithms for risk-stratifying patients and creating more personalized treatment courses. Future directions will include randomized evaluations of these biomarkers in multicenter prospective studies while extending on the need for biomarkers of chronic GVHD.
Human T cell leukemias with continuous V(D)J recombinase activity for TCR-delta gene deletion (1997)

The so-called TCR-delta-deleting elements, deltaRec and psiJ alpha, flank the major part of the TCR-delta gene complex. By rearranging to each other, the deltaRec and psiJ alpha gene segments delete the TCR-delta gene complex and prepare the allele for subsequent TCR-alpha rearrangement. This intermediate rearrangement is thought to be a specific rearrangement event. In our studies on TCR-delta deletion mechanisms, we identified several T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) with continuous activity of the deltaRec-psiJ alpha rearrangement process. Extensive Southern blot, PCR, and sequencing analyses on the coding joints as well as the signal joints of the deltaRec-psiJ alpha rearrangements in these patients allowed us to prove that this continuous rearrangement activity occurred in the leukemic cells and that these cells, therefore, represent a polyclonal subpopulation within the otherwise monoclonal T-ALL. In additional studies, we also identified a T cell line (DND41) with continuous activity of the deltaRec-psiJ alpha rearrangement process. Our data suggest that the ongoing deltaRec-psiJ alpha gene rearrangements predominantly occur in T cells that cannot express a functional TCR-gammadelta, due to biallelic out-of-frame TCR-delta and/or TCR-gamma gene rearrangements. The described T-ALL and the T cell line can serve as an experimental model in further studies on the regulatory elements involved in the specific deletion of the TCR-delta gene complex.
Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review. (1998)

Approximately half of the patients who suffer from schizophrenia are also substance abusers at some time during their illness. The motivational drive toward abusive consumption is compounded in individuals with schizophrenia who turn toward substances with reinforcing properties to alleviate aspects of psychosis. This review examines the prevalence, etiology, and clinical effects of substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, cocaine) among individuals with schizophrenia. Clearly, substance abuse persists despite and in spite of treatment with typical antipsychotics. The efficacy of newer generation antipsychotics in the reduction of substance abuse among the schizophrenic population has yet to be established, but clozapine has been shown to reduce alcohol, smoking, and cocaine use. Hence, clozapine is a therapeutic option for dually diagnosed patients because of its superior efficacy relative to conventional neuroleptics and its capacity to control substance abuse.
Design of multiwavelength resonant cavities for white organic light-emitting diodes (2002)

We have developed a multiwavelength resonant cavity (MWRC) optical device designed for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This device consists of two or more wavelength-selective mirrors, where each resonant peak can be adjusted independently, resulting in enhancement of the luminance and modification of the color of emission. We have designed a white OLED with a MWRC by using optical simulation and have confirmed that the white MWRC device is 1.3 times as bright as that of the conventional noncavity one.
Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Vanadium Phosphate as a Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2002)

The properties of the monoclinic lithium vanadium phosphate are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical measurements conducted in half-cells with as the cathode material and lithium metal as the anode have shown that this material exhibits an excellent reversibility when the charge extracted is confined to that equivalent to two lithiums per formula unit. The extraction of the last lithium is observed at a potential greater than 4.6 V and involves a significant overvoltage. Upon discharge, however, XRD has shown that the original structure is recovered. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Strong polarization-sensitive electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides (1985)

We report the first measurements of perpendicular field electroabsorption (quantum confined Stark effect) in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells for light propagating parallel to the plane of the layers. This geometry is well suited for integrated optics. The absorption edge shifts to longer wavelengths with increasing field by as much as 40 meV, giving a modulation depth&gt;10 dB. The strong dichroism present in this geometry is retained even at high fields, making polarization-sensitive electro-optical devices possible. We also demonstrate in the waveguide geometry optical bistability due to the self-electro-optic effect with 20:1 on/off ratio.
Hyaluronic acid enhances induction of the acrosome reaction of human sperm through interaction with the PH-20 protein (1998)

When capacitated human sperm were treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for 30 min prior to the addition of progesterone or solubilised human zonae pellucidae, there was a significant increase in the percentage of acrosome reactions. Progesterone treatment alone increased acrosome reactions from 10.5% to 21.8% and pretreatment with 100 micrograms/ml HA resulted in 33.0% acrosome reactions. With zonae pellucidae treatment alone the increase was from 9.0% to 23.5% and with HA pretreatment it was 48.8%. HA treatment alone had no direct effect on acrosome reactions, and the enhancing effect of HA was not removed when sperm were washed prior to the addition of either acrosome reaction agonist. Experiments with sperm 5 min after HA treatment demonstrated that enhancement of acrosome reactions was apparent as early as 1 min after addition of zonae and within 5 min after addition of progesterone. When sperm were pretreated with Fab fragments of anti-PH-20 IgG, then with HA and then with progesterone or zonae pellucidae, there was no enhancement of the acrosome reaction. Fab treatment did not induce acrosome reactions and did not interfere with the action of either agonist in the absence of HA. Sperm that were treated with HA had significantly higher intracellular calcium levels, and pretreatment with Fab reduced this increase to 42.7%. Addition of progesterone to HA-treated sperm was followed by another large increase in intracellular calcium, which was lower when sperm were pretreated with Fab. These results suggest that HA interacts with the PH-20 protein to increase basal levels of intracellular calcium and thereby potentiates the acrosome reaction. The data support the hypothesis that HA in the cumulus matrix may act to prime the fertilising sperm for induction of the acrosome reaction by constituents of the cumulus and/or zona pellucida.
Characterization of Corynebacterium species in macaques (2012)

Bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium are important primary and opportunistic pathogens. Many are zoonotic agents. In this report, phenotypic (API Coryne analysis), genetic (rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequencing), and physical methods (MS) were used to distinguish the closely related diphtheroid species Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to definitively diagnose Corynebacterium renale from cephalic implants of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques used in cognitive neuroscience research. Throat and cephalic implant cultures yielded 85 isolates from 43 macaques. Identification by API Coryne yielded C. ulcerans (n = 74), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n = 2), C. renale or most closely related to C. renale (n = 3), and commensals and opportunists (n = 6). The two isolates identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by API Coryne required genetic and MS analysis for accurate characterization as C. ulcerans. Of three isolates identified as C. renale by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, only one could be confirmed as such by API Coryne, rpoB gene sequencing and MS. This study emphasizes the importance of adjunct methods in identification of coryneforms and is the first isolation of C. renale from cephalic implants in macaques.