gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion‐exchange macroporous hydrophilic gel monolith with grafted polymer brushes (2006)

The grafting of functional polymers to the pore surface of macroporous monolithic polyacrylamide cryogels was found to be an efficient and convenient method for the preparation of macroporous polyacrylamide gels, so-called cryogels (pAAm cryogels), with both controlled extent of functional group incorporated and with tailored surface chemistries. Anion-exchange polymer chains of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) and poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride) (pMETA), and cation-exchange polymer chains of polyacrylate have been grafted onto pAAm cryogels using potassium diperiodatocuprate as initiator. It was possible to achieve the ion-exchange capacity up to 0.2-0.5 mmol/ml. The graft polymerization did not alter the macroporous structure of the pAAm cryogel, however the flow rate of solutes through the cryogel matrix decreased with increase in the density of polymer grafted. The sorption of low-molecular-weight (metal ion, dye) and high-molecular-weight (protein) substances on the grafted monolithic pAAm column has been studied. The results indicate that a 'tentacle'-type binding of protein to grafted polymer depended on the architecture of the grafted polymer layer and took place after a certain degree of grafting has been reached. The binding of proteins by tentacle-like polymer chains allowed for increasing the binding capacity for proteins on the grafted pAAm cryogels up to 6-12 mg/ml.
GOMP: Grasp-Optimized Motion Planning for Bin Picking (2020)

Rapid and reliable robot bin picking is a critical challenge in automating warehouses, often measured in picks-per-hour (PPH). We explore increasing PPH using faster motions based on optimizing over a set of candidate grasps. The source of this set of grasps is two-fold: (1) grasp-analysis tools such as Dex-Net generate multiple candidate grasps, and (2) each of these grasps has a degree of freedom about which a robot gripper can rotate. In this paper, we present Grasp-Optimized Motion Planning (GOMP), an algorithm that speeds up the execution of a bin-picking robot's operations by incorporating robot dynamics and a set of candidate grasps produced by a grasp planner into an optimizing motion planner. We compute motions by optimizing with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and iteratively updating trust regions to account for the non-convex nature of the problem. In our formulation, we constrain the motion to remain within the mechanical limits of the robot while avoiding obstacles. We further convert the problem to a time-minimization by repeatedly shorting a time horizon of a trajectory until the SQP is infeasible. In experiments with a UR5, GOMP achieves a speedup of 9x over a baseline planner.
Doping of few-layered graphene and carbon nanotubes using ion implantation (2010)

Doping of nanostructured materials using a clean, efficient, and site-selective route such as ion implantation would be hugely desirable for realization of large-scale production methods. Here, ion implantation is used to create uniform impurity-atom densities which are both dose and spatially controlled within multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene. The technique is demonstrated for a range of dopants, including silver, representing a likely candidate for optical enhancement, and boron, which is predicted to introduce a plasmon within the visible-frequency regime. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy performed within an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, in combination with high-angle-annular-dark-field imaging, is used to pinpoint and identify the bonding configuration of single foreign species within the matrix.
Movement Data Anonymity through Generalization (2010)

Abstract. Wireless networks and mobile devices, such as mobile phones and GPS receivers, sense and track the movements of people and vehicles, producing society-wide mobility databases. This is a challenging scenario for data analysis andmining. On the one hand, exciting opportunities arise out of discovering new knowledge about human mobile behavior, and thus fuel intelligent info-mobility applications. On other hand, new privacy concerns arise when mobility data are published. The risk is particularly high for GPS trajectories, which represent movement of a very high precision and spatio-temporal resolution: the de-identification of such trajectories (i.e., forgetting the ID of their associated owners) is only a weak protection, as generally it is possible to re-identify a person by ob-serving her routine movements. In this paper we propose a method for achieving true anonymity in a dataset of published trajectories, by defining a transformation of the original GPS trajectories based on spatial generalization and k-anonymity. The proposed method offers a formal data protection safeguard, quantified as a theoretical upper bound to the probability of re-identification. We conduct a thorough study on a real-life GPS trajectory dataset, and provide strong empirical evidence that the proposed anonymity techniques achieve the conflicting goals of data utility and data privacy. In practice, the achieved anonymity protection is much stronger than the theoretical worst case, while the quality of the cluster analysis on the trajectory data is preserved.
Pain. A central inhibitory balance theory. (1975)

Knowledge of the segmental neuronal circuitry for noxious and non-noxious input is a necessary prelude to understanding pain mechanisms. Significant gaps in our understanding of the synaptology of these pathways in the dorsal horn have hindered progress in this area. This report describes the excitatory and inhibitory circuits that supply the marginal neurons of the spinal cord, whose role in nociceptive mechanisms is well established. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that large primary afferents (non-noxious) provide heavy inhibitory input to marginal neurons via gelatinosa cells. Conversely, small primary afferents (nociceptive) provide excitatory input to marginal neurons but relatively little inhibitory feedback to these cells via gelatinosa neurons. The modulation of pain-producing input depends thus on the balance between large-fiber and small-fiber activity via a postsynaptic inhibitory mechanism acting on the nociceptive relay neurons. This theory accounts satisfactorily for the modulation of pain by counterirritation and by various methods of stimulating large-fiber input.
In situ SERS detection of multi-class insecticides on plant surfaces (2015)

An <italic>in situ</italic> SERS method was developed to detect insecticides on plant surfaces.
Microfluidic reactor for continuous cultivation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2010)

A diffusion-based microreactor system operated with a reaction volume of 8 μL is presented and characterized to intensify the process understanding in microscale cultivations. Its potential as screening tool for biological processes is evaluated. The advantage of the designed microbioreactor is the use for the continuous cultivation mode by integrating online measurement technique for dissolved oxygen (DO) and optical density (OD). A further advantage is the broaden application for biological systems. The bioreactor geometry was chosen to achieve homogeneous flow during continuous process operation. The device consisted of a microstructured top layer made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which was designed and fabricated using UV-depth and soft lithography assembled with a glass bottom. CFD simulation data used for geometry design were verified via microparticle-image-velocimetry (μPIV). In the used microreactor geometry no concentration gradients occurred along the entire reaction volume because of rapid diffusive mixing, the homogeneous medium flow inside the growth chamber of the microreactor could be realized. Undesirable bubble formation before and during operation was reduced by using degassed medium as well as moistened and moderate incident air flow above the gas permeable PDMS membrane. Because of this a passive oxygen supply of the culture medium in the device is ensured by diffusion through the PDMS membrane. The oxygen supply itself was monitored online via integrated DO sensors based on a fluorescent dye complex. An adequate overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient K(L)a as well as mechanical stability of the device were accomplished for a membrane thickness of 300 μm. Experimental investigations considering measurements of OD (online) and several metabolite concentrations (offline) in a modified Verduyn medium. The used model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 2155 tended to strong reactor wall growth resembling a biofilm.
Genetic Basis of Dinitroaniline Herbicide Resistance in a Highly Resistant Biotype of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) (1997)

The Inheritance of dinitroaniiine herbicide resistance was investigated based on the dinitroaniiine response phenotype of F, plants and segregation analysis In F, and F, progenies. Reciprocal crosses were made between two susceptible (S) blotypes and two resistant (R) biotypes. Seven F, hybrids were identified by isoenzyme analysis, and F, and F, populations were derived from these F, plants by selling. The dinitroaniiine response phenotype of F, plants and F 2 and F 3 seedlings was determined using a root growth bloassay. F, plants were phenotypically susceptible (I.e., Identical to their S parental plants), indicating that resistance Is recessive to susceptibility. Nonparental phenotypes were not observed, and data from reciprocal crosses gave no indication of maternal or paternal inheritance. F 2 seedlings were classified as either S or R phenotype. The observed segregation ratio of S to R seedlings fit only a 3:1 (S:R) ratio. Segregation data indicated the dinitroaniiine herbicide-response phenotype is inherited as a single nuclear gene, and it Identified two alleles (i.e., Drp* and Drp') at this single locus. The 3:1 segregation ratio was confirmed by analysis of F, progenies. Taken together, results from F,, F 2 and F, plants were consistent with dinitroaniiine herbicide resistance being inherited as a single, recessive nuclear gene.
Effect of pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazoles, quinolones, and Ca2+ on the DNA gyrase-mediated cleavage reaction (1995)

The quinolones inhibit the A subunit of DNA gyrase in the presence of Mg2+ by interrupting the DNA breakage and resealing steps, and the latter step is also retarded without quinolones if Mg2+ is replaced by Ca2+. Pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazoles have been found to represent a new class of potent DNA gyrase inhibitors which also act at the A subunit. To determine alterations in the DNA sequence specificity of DNA gyrase for cleavage sites in the presence of inhibitors of both classes or in the presence of Ca2+, we used DNA restriction fragments of 164, 85, and 71 bp from the pBR322 plasmid as model substrates. Each contained, at a different position, the 20-bp pBR322 sequence around position 990, where DNA gyrase preferentially cleaves in the presence of quinolones. Our results show that pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazoles have a mode of action similar to that of quinolones; they inhibit the resealing step and influence the DNA sequence specificity of DNA gyrase in the same way. Differences between inhibitors of both classes could be observed only in the preferences of DNA gyrase for these cleavage sites. The 20-bp sequence appeared to have some properties that induced DNA gyrase to cleave all three DNA fragments in the presence of inhibitors within this sequence, whereas cleavage in the presence of Ca2+ was in addition dependent on the length of the DNA fragments.
The cellular transcription factor USF cooperates with varicella-zoster virus immediate-early protein 62 to symmetrically activate a bidirectional viral promoter. (1994)

The mechanisms governing the function of cellular USF and herpesvirus immediate-early transcription factors are subjects of considerable interest. In this regard, we identified a novel form of coordinate gene regulation involving a cooperative interplay between cellular USF and the varicella-zoster virus immediate-early protein 62 (IE 62). A single USF-binding site defines the potential level of IE 62-dependent activation of a bidirectional viral early promoter of the DNA polymerase and major DNA-binding protein genes. We also report a dominant negative USF-2 mutant lacking the DNA-binding domain that permits the delineation of the biological role of both USF-1 and USF-2 in this activation process. The symmetrical stimulation of the bidirectional viral promoter by IE 62 is achieved at concentrations of USF-1 (43 kDa) or USF-2 (44 kDa) already existing in cells. Our observations support the notion that cellular USF can intervene in and possibly target promoters for activation by a herpesvirus immediate-early protein.
Micromachining of GaN using photoelectrochemical etching (2022)

GaN and related materials have excellent electrical, optical and chemical properties for a wide range of applications including high power, high temperature electronics, LEDs and lasers, sensors, and MEMS in harsh environments. Due to its high chemical stability, GaN is resistive to common etchants, and poses a challenge for fabrication. Micromachining techniques for GaN and related materials based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching, which overcomes the chemical stability of GaN by photogenerating electron-hole pairs in GaN during etching, is developed and demonstrated. Although many excellent results have been obtained with dry etching techniques, a viable photoelectrochemical etching (PEC) approach is still attractive since PEC etching is expected to result in less damage as well as offering unique characteristics such as dopant-selective and bandgap-selective etching. In this study, PEC etching of GaN and related materials is demonstrated, the mechanism of PEC etching of GaN is investigated, and a two-step etching model for PEC etching of GaN is developed. In addition, the relationships between etch rate, etched surface morphology and the incident light intensity and electrolyte concentration have been studied. Control of the etched surface morphology, which is critical for many device applications, has been investigated and demonstrated. Prior reports of PEC etching have shown that rough surfaces, related to the high density of dislocations in the material, are typically attained. Through study of the effect of electrolyte concentration, light intensity, and applied voltage bias, conditions that produce a very smooth surface with root-mean-square surface roughness of approximately 0.5 nm have been identified. Lateral PEC etching of GaN by several approaches, including through-wafer (backside) illumination and bias assisted etching, has been investigated for the fabrication of deeply undercut structures. Use of an applied voltage bias was found to enhance the lateral PEC etching of GaN in front-side illuminated PEC etching, allowing the fabrication of suspended Ti cantilevers. Fabrication of SiO2 and AlGaN (dielectric and semiconductor) membranes has also been demonstrated. These processes are promising for fabrication of novel sensors and MEMS devices. Enabled by the etching techniques demonstrated in this research work, an inline transmissive microwave power sensor has been designed and simulated. It offers several advantages over conventional power sensors by allowing it to be easily integrated with low-loss coplanar transmission lines and GaN-based transistors. Thermal and electromagnetic designs and simulations of the sensor have been performed, and the relationships between its structure and performance, including the responsivity, response time (thermal time constant) and noise equivalent power have been established.
MicroRNA-544 inhibits glioma proliferation, invasion and migration but induces cell apoptosis by targeting PARK7. (2016)

Glioma is a common type of primary brain tumor. The survival rate in people with malignant gliomas is extremely low associated with the lack of effective treatment. Here, we firstly observed that miR-544 expression is downregulated in glioma tissues and its overexpression in glioma cell line dramatically reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, we found that the tumor growth in nude mouse was as well inhibited by miR-544 overexpressed in glioma cell. Our further investigation showed that the inhibitor role of miR-544 in tumor development was related to the downregulated expression of Park7 gene which has been demonstrated as a functional downstream target of miR-544. Thus, our discovery suggested that miR-544 might used as a therapeutic reagent for the treatment of glioma in the future.
A roadmap to the utilization of intelligent information agents: are intelligent agents the link between the database and artificial intelligence communities? (2002)

The main focus of this paper is on the use of intelligent agents to gather, filter, and fuse information in the database domain, and as it pertains to agent security, agent communication, and information search and retrieval methods. It is intended as a roadmap for answering the question "are intelligent agents the link between the database and the artificial intelligence communities?".
Structured Viral Communications: The Political Economy and Social Organization of Digital Disintermediation. (2011)

INTRODUCTION 16 I. THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF STRUCTURED VIRAL COMMUNICATIONS 19 A. Viral Communications Overwhelms Centralized Communications 19 B. The Challenges and Advantages of Structured Viral Organizations 21 II. DIGITAL DISINTERMEDIATION IN THE MUSIC SECTOR ........ 22 A. The Tight Oligopoly in the Physical Music Business 25 1. Collusion on Price 25 2. Anti-Consumer Bundling 28 B. The Emergence of a Digital Music Business 30 1. The Transaction Cost Transformation 30 2. The Artists’ View 31 3. The Welfare Economics of the New Industry 37 C. Extensions of Digital Economics to Other Sectors 38 1. Newspapers 38 2. Book publishing 38 3. Video 40 4. Avoiding the Nightmare on Elm Street 41 III. POLITICAL ACTION AND THE OBAMA CAMPAIGN ORGANIZATION 47 A. The Magnitude of Change 48 B. The Internal Structure of the Structured Viral Organization Model 49
Linkage between obesity and a marker near the tumor necrosis factor-alpha locus in Pima Indians. (1995)

Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression is increased in adipose tissue of both rodent models of obesity and obese humans, it has been considered as a candidate gene for obesity. Pima Indians were scored for genotypes at three polymorphic dinucleotide repeat loci (markers) near the gene TNF-alpha at 6p21.3. In a sib-pair linkage analysis, percent body fat, as measured by hydrostatic weighing, was linked (304 sib-pairs, P = 0.002) to the marker closest (10 kb) to TNF-alpha. The same marker was associated (P = 0.01) by analysis of variance with BMI. To search for possible DNA variants in TNF-alpha that contribute to obesity, single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis was performed from 20 obese and 20 lean subjects. Primer pairs were designed for the entire TNF-alpha protein coding region and part of the promoter. Only a single polymorphism located in the promoter region was detected. No association could be demonstrated between alleles at this polymorphism and percent body fat. We conclude that the linkage of TNF-alpha to obesity might be due to a sequence variant undetected in TNF-alpha or due to a variant in some other closely linked gene.
DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS: DOUBLE‐BLIND CROSSOVER STUDY (1986)

The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor diclofenac sodium has been compared with a placebo in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in a double-blind crossover trial. Twenty patients were entered: 14 female, six male; age range 6-17 years. The results showed that diclofenac sodium was significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis.
Enhanced photocatalytic water splitting by BaLa4Ti4O15 loaded with ∼1 nm gold nanoclusters using glutathione-protected Au25 clusters (2013)

Glutathione-protected Au25 clusters were used to load monodisperse gold nanoclusters (1.2 ± 0.3 nm) onto BaLa4Ti4O15 to create photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity of the resulting material for water splitting was determined to be 2.6 times higher than that of catalysts loaded with larger gold nanoparticles (10-30 nm) via conventional photodeposition.
Sputter deposition of MgO thin films: the effect of cation substitution (2012)

The importance of thin films relies on their ability to modify in an easy and, in most cases, cost efficient way the surface properties of bulk materials and thus, their functionality. Thin films have been deposited already for a long time. Sputter deposition is a widely used technique since it combines versatility, control over the composition and microstructure, relatively high deposition rates and conceptual simplicity.
Most of the new technologically interesting materials have complex chemistry and crystalline structure. An example of the increased complexity is the ternary metal oxides of the group Mg-M-O, where M represents a metal other than Mg. This class of materials has gained considerable research attention the last years and Mg-M-O films find application in catalysis and surface protection, as well as in high-k dielectrics, ionic conductors, high Tc superconductors, and thin film batteries.
The goal of the present thesis is to contribute towards understanding the fundamental growth mechanisms of sputter deposited ternary oxide films with the general formula Mg-M-O (where M is a metal different than Mg). The key objectives of the study are:
(i) To establish the relation between the deposition conditions and the chemical composition in the Mg-M-O films and through this, achieve an efficient and accurate control over the film stoichiometry.
(ii) To understand the effect of the deposition conditions and the chemical composition on the structure formation and crystallographic properties of Mg-M-O films.
(ii) To elucidate the effect of chemistry and microstructure on a number of functional properties of the Mg-M-O films.
Films are deposited employing reactive magnetron sputtering (in an Ar-O2 atmosphere) from two (Mg and M) confocally arranged magnetron sources. This multisource approach facilitates a large flexibility with respect to the chemical compositions that can be accessed. In addition, the confocal arrangement of the sources leads to an off-normal deposition flux providing a tool to control and tune the crystallographic properties of the films. The metals (M) Al, Cr, Ti, Y and Zr are chosen to systematically vary key physical parameters of the substituting element in the metal sublattice of the Mg-M-O films, i.e. the valence electron number and the atomic size, and to study their largely unexplored effect on the film microstructure and crystallographic properties.