gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Design Of An Integrating Sphere-Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer (FTS) Emissometer (1986)

This paper describes the optical design of an integrating sphere - Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer (FT S) instrument for measuring diffuse IR reflectance as a function of angle, temperature and wavelength. The integrating sphere is 5 inches in diameter with a center mounted sample stage permitting beam incidence angles of 10 to 70 degrees. Samples can be mounted back-to-back for relative measurements and ports are included for specular subtraction of the reflected beam at 20 and 60 degree incidence angles. A heater capable of producing temperatures over 150°C h'as been included in a sample mount on the wall of the sphere. In addition, the sphere can be rotated about the beam port, permitting operation in both the center and wall mounted modes. Two detectors are planned for the sphere: a 16 mm<sup>2</sup> square cooled HgCdTe detector and an uncooled 3 mm diameter DTGS detector which is coupled to the sphere with a nonimaging compound elliptic concentrator (CEC). The CEC restricts the detector's field-of-view (FOV) to uniform contrast areas on the sphere wall with essentially no change in detector flux. The sphere's coating consists of a 0.5 micron thick gold film on a aluminum substrate, with a mean feature size of approximately 20 μm; a similar coating with a roughness average of approximately 10 pm was also considered. Measurements of the 10 pm coating's total spectral reflectance from 0.3 - 20.0 pm and the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) at 3.8, 10.6, and 20.0 μm are presented. The BRDF results show a Lambertian character in fixed azimuthal planes and no specular peaks until the wavelength equals 20 μm and the incident angle is 80 degrees.
Role of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Cord Astrocytes in the Functional Maturation of Motor Neurons in a Multielectrode Array System (2019)

The ability to generate human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural cells displaying region-specific phenotypes is of particular interest for modeling central nervous system biology in vitro. We describe a unique method by which spinal cord hiPSC-derived astrocytes (hiPSC-A) are cultured with spinal cord hiPSC-derived motor neurons (hiPSC-MN) in a multielectrode array (MEA) system to record electrophysiological activity over time. We show that hiPSC-A enhance hiPSC-MN electrophysiological maturation in a time-dependent fashion. The sequence of plating, density, and age in which hiPSC-A are cocultured with MN, but not their respective hiPSC line origin, are factors that influence neuronal electrophysiology. When compared to coculture with mouse primary spinal cord astrocytes, we observe an earlier and more robust electrophysiological maturation in the fully human cultures, suggesting that the human origin is relevant to the recapitulation of astrocyte/motor neuron crosstalk. Finally, we test pharmacological compounds on our MEA platform and observe changes in electrophysiological activity, which confirm hiPSC-MN maturation. These findings are supported by immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR studies in parallel cultures demonstrating human astrocyte mediated changes in the structural maturation and protein expression profiles of the neurons. Interestingly, this relationship is reciprocal and coculture with neurons influences astrocyte maturation as well. Taken together, these data indicate that in a human in vitro spinal cord culture system, astrocytes support hiPSC-MN maturation in a time-dependent and species-specific manner and suggest a closer approximation of in vivo conditions. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1272&1285.
Orientation Control of Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition-Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Thin Film by Sequential Source Gas Supply Method (2000)

C -axis-oriented Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films were prepared on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a sequential source gas supply method taking account of the crystal structure of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 along the c -axis. The X-ray diffraction intensities of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (006) and Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (117) increased and decreased, respectively, by the sequential source gas supply method and the conventional continuous source gas supply method. The sequential source gas supply method started from Bi double pulses as effective for the preparation of the c -axis-oriented Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 film, and the supply corresponding to a half unit cell per sequence showed high c -axis orientation.
A Meta‐analysis of the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears as a Function of Gender, Sport, and a Knee Injury–Reduction Regimen (2007)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
CORNEAL OXYGEN DEMANDS (1980)

Equivalent oxygen (E.O.P.) responses, using a mammalian corneal model, were measured for open- and closed-eye conditions, and with and without the presence of a silicone, a standard thickness HEMA, and an ultrathin HEMA contact lens. Under open-eye conditions, the silicone lens even with a center thickness of 0.25 mm, diminished the E.O.P. response insignificantly compared to the no-lens condition. The ultrathin HEMA lens (0.06-mm center thickness) produced a response approximately three times superior to that of the standard thickness HEMA lens. Under closed-eye conditions, only the silicone lens, however, caused the cornea to respond within the Polse-Mandell zone.
Effectiveness of BoNT A in Parkinson's Disease Upper Limb Tremor Management (2013)

This study suggests injection of BoNT A as a viable focal management option for upper limb PD tremor. In addition to clinical judgment, objective quantification of tremor dynamics by kinematics may be a feasible assessment and guidance tool which can be used to optimize injection conditions for focal tremor therapy. Kinematic analysis of tremor across a variety of joints in all degrees of movement may provide important insight into tremor dynamics, allowing optimized, targeted focal therapy.
Treatment of bias in recursive filtering (1969)

The problem of estimating the state <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> of a linear process in the presence of a constant but unknown bias vector <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> is considered. This bias vector influences the dynamics and/or the observations. It is shown that the optimum estimate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{x}</tex> of the state can be expressed as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{x} = x + V_{x}\hat{b}</tex> (1) where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tilde{x}</tex> is the bias-free estimate, computed as if no bias were present, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{b}</tex> is the optimum estimate of the bias, and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> is a matrix which can be interpreted as the ratio of the covariance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tilde{x}</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{b}</tex> to the variance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{b}</tex> . Moreover, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{b}</tex> can be computed in terms of the residuals in the bias-free estimate, and the matrix V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> depends only on matrices which arise in the computation of the bias-free estimates. As a result, the computation of the optimum estimate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tilde{x}</tex> is effectively decoupled from the estimate of the bias <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{b}</tex> , except for the final addition indicated by (1).
Clinical deterioration in the condition of patients with acute medical illness in Australian hospitals: improving detection and response (2011)

Medical Assessment Units (MAUs) provide an opportunity for multidisciplinary staff to manage recently admitted acutely unwell patients with complex medical illnesses. We propose concerted development of robust mechanisms for identifying and managing patients whose condition is unstable as they move through hospital departments. Track, trigger and response (TTR) systems (eg, medical emergency team calls and early warning scores) have been introduced to hospital practice, but evidence for their effectiveness is, so far, incomplete. The current variation in TTR systems within and between hospitals impairs intersite comparisons. A range of outcome measures, including risk of physiological deterioration, mortality and projected hospital length of stay, could be usefully investigated by future intersite collaborative research. More deliberate, systematic, evidence-based design of "response" in TTR systems may help in identifying patients who need early attention from skilled medical staff. We need more uniform TTR systems, more research on TTR systems and more multisite research; MAUs are ideally situated to address this important area.
Cooling for Acute Ischemic Brain Damage (COOL AID) (2004)

Induced moderate hypothermia is feasible using an endovascular cooling device in most patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to determine if hypothermia improves outcome.
Variability aware modeling of SoCs: From device variations to manufactured system yield (2009)

As CMOS technology feature sizes decrease, random within-die and inter-die process variations more and more jeopardize SoC parametric and functional yield. Largely neglected in the state-of-the-art, dynamic energy consumption and power dissipation becomes heavily affected. This paper describes a technique to systematically bring statistically correlated timing/energy variations all the way up from the device to the SoC level. We propose a flow for variability aware modeling (VAM) and apply it to a case study using a industrial test vehicle.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE LEAF EXTRACT OF CINNAMOMUM TAMALA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES. (2016)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Cinnamomum tamala. The synthesized particles were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, FTIR and EDX. TEM analysis showed the size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 10-15 nm. The antimicrobial activities of green synthesized nanoparticles against different bacterial and fungal stains were assessed by broth dilution and agar well diffusion methods. The MIC values show that the bacterial strains were more susceptible to AgNPs than fungal strains. The topographical and ultrastructural changes caused by AgNPs in Candida albicans were characterized by SEM and TEM, respectively. The electron microscopy analysis shows the attachment of AgNPs on the surface and disruption of the fungal cell membrane and cell wall.
Transcriptional control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PGK gene by RAP1. (1989)

The promoter of the yeast glycolytic gene encoding phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) contains an upstream activation sequence between bases -538 and -402 upstream of the initiating ATG. The upstream activation sequence contains multiple functional elements, including an essential region called the activator core (AC) sequence and three copies of the pentamer 5'-CTTCC-3'. The AC sequence shows strong homology to the consensus binding sites for the yeast proteins RAP1 (GRF1) and TUF. We have demonstrated that the yeast protein which interacts with the AC sequence is the DNA-binding protein RAP1. Expression of the PGK gene is found to be regulated according to the carbon source in the growth medium. PGK mRNA levels are high in yeast cells grown in glucose medium but low in yeast cells grown in media containing carbon sources such as pyruvate and acetate. This carbon source regulation of transcription was found to be mediated, in part, via regulation of RAP1 binding to the AC sequence. The promoters of many other yeast glycolytic genes also contain consensus RAP1-binding sites and copies of the CTTCC pentamer. This suggests that RAP1 may be involved in transcriptional control of many other glycolytic genes in addition to the PGK gene.
Validation Study of Peripheral Blood Diagnostic Test for Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation (2014)

These results support the validity of 5 gene-set for the prediction of AR in Asian adult kidney transplant recipients and suggest the promising role of the peripheral blood gene test in the diagnosis of AR in kidney transplantation.
Angular Distribution of Neutrons from the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Be</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Be</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Reaction (1956)

Received 27 September 1955DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.1185©1956 American Physical Society
Thermionic Reactor Systems (1961)

Thermionic cell development is progressing at such a rapid rate that some of the data required for incorporation of thermionic converters into reactor systems is already becoming available. Although such information is not yet sufficient for detailed design and performance evaluation of nuclear-thermionic systems, it is adequate for preliminary analysis. As more experimental information is obtained, these preliminary analyses will have to be reviewed and the concepts reevaluated. However, they have already shown the interesting potential of—and the severe problems to be overcome in—applying nuclear-thermionic systems in space, marine, and central-station power plants. In this article, the possible concepts for utilizing thermionic cells with nuclear reactors are reviewed and the feasibility of their applications is discussed.
Diseases Associated with Defects in Vitamin B6 Metabolism or Utilization (1987)

It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored.
Issues Encountered in Creating a Version 4 ICC sRGB Profile (2003)

This paper addresses the issues and challenges encountered in creating a version 4 (v4) ICC profile. After a brief discussion of the major conceptual advancements of the v4 ICC framework over the v2 ICC framework, we describe as a case study the implementation of a v4 sRGB perceptual and colorimetric color-space profile. Although the ICC specification defines a reference medium and reference viewing conditions for the v4 perceptual rendering intent, it does not specifically define a reference medium gamut. Nevertheless one is needed. Within the paper we propose a reference medium gamut, which serves as a fuzzy target for the perceptual color re-rendering. It has been presented to the ICC for further consideration. The discussion of the goals and constraints used for the creation of the perceptual rendering intent should be helpful for the evaluation of the generated v4 sRGB ICC profile and for the creation of future v4 profiles. Visualizations of the perceptual mapping in comparison to the colorimetric mapping and discussions of potential improvements will conclude the paper.
Temperature-aware microarchitecture (2004)

With power density and hence cooling costs rising exponentially, processor packaging can no longer be designed for the worst case, and there is an urgent need for runtime processor-level techniques that can regulate operating temperature when the package's capacity is exceeded. Evaluating such techniques, however, requires a thermal model that is practical for architectural studies.This paper describes HotSpot, an accurate yet fast model based on an equivalent circuit of thermal resistances and capacitances that correspond to microarchitecture blocks and essential aspects of the thermal package. Validation was performed using finite-element simulation. The paper also introduces several effective methods for dynamic thermal management (DTM): "temperature-tracking" frequency scaling, localized toggling, and migrating computation to spare hardware units. Modeling temperature at the microarchitecture level also shows that power metrics are poor predictors of temperature, and that sensor imprecision has a substantial impact on the performance of DTM.
Mellow Writes: Extending Lifetime in Resistive Memories through Selective Slow Write Backs (2016)

Emerging resistive memory technologies, such as PCRAM and ReRAM, have been proposed as promising replacements for DRAM-based main memory, due to their better scalability, low standby power, and non-volatility. However, limited write endurance is a major drawback for such resistive memory technologies. Wear leveling (balancing the distribution of writes) and wear limiting (reducing the number of writes) have been proposed to mitigate this disadvantage, but both techniques only manage a fixed budget of writes to a memory system rather than increase the number available. In this paper, we propose a new type of wear limiting technique, Mellow Writes, which reduces the wearout of individual writes rather than reducing the number of writes. Mellow Writes is based on the fact that slow writes performed with lower dissipated power can lead to longer endurance (and therefore longer lifetimes). For non-volatile memories, an N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> to N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> times endurance can be achieved if the write operation is slowed down by N times. We present three microarchitectural mechanisms (BankAware Mellow Writes, Eager Mellow Writes, and Wear Quota) that selectively perform slow writes to increase memory lifetime while minimizing performance impact. Assuming a factor N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> advantage in cell endurance for a factor N slower write, our best Mellow Writes mechanism can achieve 2.58× lifetime and 1.06× performance of the baseline system. In addition, its performance is almost the same as a system aggressively optimized for performance (at the expense of endurance). Finally, Wear Quota guarantees a minimal lifetime (e.g., 8 years) by forcing more slow writes in presence of heavy workloads. We also perform sensitivity analysis on the endurance advantage factor for slow writes, from N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> to N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and find that our technique is still useful for factors as low as N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Isolation improvement of 5 GHz WLAN antenna array using metamaterial absorber (2016)

In this paper, isolation between planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) array elements is improved by using an array of metamaterial unit cell for 5 GHz WLAN applications. The designed antenna element is of 12 × 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> size with an overall antenna height of 5.8 mm over a ground plane of 100 × 40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed dual band absorber unit cell is of size 13 × 12 × 0.8 mm3 and a 4 × 2 array of this unit cell is used as an isolator. Isolation increases from 22.5 dB to 33 dB and 32.5 dB in its best cases for band 1 (5.15 - 5.35 GHz) and band 2 (5.725 - 5.825 GHz), respectively. The absorption mechanism of the absorber array is explained with surface current distribution plot. The proposed array is fabricated. The measured and simulated results are found in good agreement. The radiation pattern shows pattern diversity and the lower values of envelope correlation coefficient make it suitable for MIMO application. Suitable calculated values of peak realized gain and radiation efficiency are obtained.
Operations Research Models for Reducing Hospital Readmissions (2019)

Hospital readmissions are burdensome and costly to both healthcare providers and patients. In the U.S., one in five Medicare patients is readmitted within 30 days of discharge. We study how to use operations research models to reduce hospital readmissions. Our approach focuses on both the hospital operations level and the policymaker system level. We develop a delay-time optimization framework to maximize the detection of post-operative complications via post-discharge checkups. Then we study how to design a bundled payment policy to balance and incentivize pre and post-discharge readmission reduction efforts. We build a readmission prediction model using laboratory values observed during the index hospitalization. Ultimately, we provide novel methods for reducing readmissions in the continuum of care spanning between the pre- and post-discharge stages, at the hospital and policymaker levels.
Novel Strategy to Release and Tag N-Glycans for Functional Glycomics (2014)

Functional glycomics has been impeded by the lack of inexpensive enzymatic and mild chemical methods to acquire natural glycans in significant amounts. In this study, we have developed a new strategy we term "threshing and trimming" (TaT) to quickly obtain N-glycans from glycoproteins and animal tissues. TaT employs low-cost Pronase to degrade peptides and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to effect oxidative decarboxylation under very mild reaction conditions to generate homogeneous aglycon moieties as nitriles or aldehydes. These aglycons can be readily conjugated with fluorescent tags for profiling and functional study. TaT is an affordable alternative to expensive specialty enzymes and strong chemical treatment and unpleasant reagents, and should further drive the functional glycomics of N-glycans.
The Sedimentation and Formation Mechanism of Lacustrine Endogenic Debris Flow (1992)

The debris formed by mass transportation of lacustrine deltaic sediments is quite unique comparedwith subaerial one, and is called debris flow in this paper. The major diagnostic features ofendogenic debris sediments are muddy rip-ups, sandy lumps, randomly distributed carbonaceous plantleaves and rhyotaxitic structure. However, such debris can not be completely generalized by the conclu-sion that larger granules are supported by cohesive strength of the matrix. The fact that sediments can betransported in plastic state is considered to be related with two different functions of combined clay-water ma-terials: serving as a matrix in texture and as an adhesive between grains. This paper also discusses the originand sediment types of endogenic debris as well as the general concepts of matrix and debris flow. From the viewpoint of true debris flow, this paper attempts to generalize and illustrate the basic featuresand variation of endogenic debris sediments on the basis of the Bingham (Coulomb-viscosity) model.