gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Analyses of Swollen Rubber-Filler Systems by Using Contrast Variation SANS (2008)

The polymer layers adsorbed on silica particles in rubber−silica systems have been investigated with the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) method. The scattering intensities of specimens swollen by solvents with various scattering length densities were measured. The contrast variation SANS for the specimens yielded partial scattering functions: the scattering function for polymer−polymer correlation SPP(q), the scattering function for silica−silica correlation SSS(q), and the scattering function for polymer−silica correlation SPS(q). The analyses of SSS(q) explored the hierarchical structures formed by silica particles. The analyses of SPS(q) and SSS(q) clarified the existence of dense polymer layers around silica aggregates. Several characteristic parameters are estimated from the analyses, such as the size of aggregates, the thickness of layers, the volume fractions of polymer of layers and matrix, and the correlation length of the matrix network. The contrast variation SANS is found to be a powerful tool for the analyses of the structures of the rubber-filler systems.
Metallic Matrices (2001)

Abstract Metallic matrices are essential constituents for the fabrication of metal-matrix composites (MMCs). This article describes three different classes of aluminum alloys, namely, commercial aluminum alloys, low-density and high-modulus alloys, and high temperature alloys. It presents typical tensile properties and fracture toughness of the selected heat treatable aluminum alloys in a table. Titanium alloys are very attractive for MMC applications, due to their higher strength and temperature capability compared to aluminum alloys. The article tabulates the effect of heat treatment on room-temperature properties and tensile properties of Ti-25Al-17Nb alloy sheet.
Effect of the Nitrogen Source on Phycobiliprotein Synthesis and Cell Reserves in A Chromatically Adapting Filamentous Cyanobacterium (1996)

Cyanobacteria can utilize nitrate or ammonium as a source of fixed nitrogen for cell growth. In the filamentous Calothrix sp. strain PCC 7601, these two sources of nitrogen differently influenced the phycobiliprotein composition of the phycobilisomes, the major light-harvesting antennae. When compared to nitrate, growth in the presence of ammonium resulted in intracellular steady-state levels 35% lower for phycoerythrin and 46% higher for phycocyanin. Besides these differences in cell pigmentation, a rapid but transient accumulation of cyanophycin granule polypeptide occurred in ammonium-grown cells, while these macromolecules were not detected in cells grown with nitrate. In contrast, glycogen reserves displayed a dynamic pattern of accumulation and disappearance during cell growth which varied only slightly with the nitrogen source. The observed changes in cell pigmentation are reminiscent of the phenomenon of complementary chromatic adaptation, in which green and red wavelengths promote the syntheses of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin-2, respectively. As in complementary chromatic adaptation, the regulation of synthesis of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin-2 by the nitrogen source occurred mainly at the mRNA level. Moreover, the transcriptional start sites for the expression of the cpeBA and the cpc2 operons, which respectively encode the two subunits of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin-2, were the same in cells grown in nitrate or ammonium, and identical to those in green- and red-light-grown cells. The results of this study suggest that acclimation to the spectral light quality and to the nitrogen source share some common regulatory elements.
Photostable Single-Molecule Nanoparticle Optical Biosensors for Real-Time Sensing of Single Cytokine Molecules and Their Binding Reactions (2008)

We synthesized tiny stable silver nanoparticles (2.6 +/- 1.1 nm) and used its small surface area and functional groups to control single molecule detection (SMD) volumes on single nanoparticles. These new approaches allowed us to develop intrinsic single molecule nanoparticle optical biosensors (SMNOBS) for sensing and imaging of single human cytokine molecules, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and probing its binding reaction with single monoclonal antibody (MAB) molecules in real-time. We found that SMNOBS retained their biological activity over months and showed exceptionally high photostability. Our study illustrated that smaller nanoparticles exhibited higher dependence of optical properties on surface functional groups, making it a much more sensitive biosensor. Localized surface plasmon resonance spectra (LSPRS) of SMNOBS showed a large red shift of peak wavelength of 29 +/- 11 nm, as single TNFalpha molecules bound with single MAB molecules on single nanoparticles. Utilizing its LSPRS, we quantitatively measured its binding reaction in real time at single molecule (SM) level, showing stochastic binding kinetics of SM reactions with binding equilibrium times ranging from 30 to 120 min. SMNOBS exhibited extraordinarily high sensitivity and selectivity, and a notably wide dynamic range of 0-200 ng/mL (0-11.4 nM). Thus, SMNOBS is well suited for the fundamental study of biological functions of single protein molecules and SM interactions of chemical functional groups with the surface of nanoparticles, as well as development of effective disease diagnosis and therapy.
Unexpected formation of <i>O</i>-methoxycarbonyl cyanohydrin showing potential as a protective group of ketones (1999)

A one-step procedure using methyl cyanoformate and a secondary alkylamine was reported to efficiently transform ketones into O-methoxycarbonyl cyanohydrins. This functional group shows interesting potential in protecting group chemistry.
Pharmacokinetic interactions related to the chemical structures of fluoroquinolones (1996)

Fluoroquinolone derivatives interact with methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine) and metallic ion-containing drugs to different degrees. The rat appears to be a suitable model for predicting such interactions in man. It has been possible to determine the relationship between the chemical structure of the fluoroquinolone and the magnitude of the interaction. Fluoroquinolones with a bulky substituent at the position 8, such as sparfloxacin, lomefloxacin and fieroxacin, are less prone to interact with theophylline than those without an 8-substituent, such as enoxacin. This substituent determines the planarity of the whole fluoroquinolone molecule and the interaction tends to be more significant for planar fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, a 4'-nitrogen atom in the 7-piperazinyl group is essential for the interaction to occur. The nitrogen atom is possibly the site that binds cytochrome P-450, which catalyses theophylline metabolism. The reduction in bioavailability of fluoroquinolones by concurrent administration of aluminium hydroxide is more striking for derivatives with fewer substituents on the essential structure and on the piperazinyl group, such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin. Substitution at the 5-position diminishes the interaction, which suggests that the 5-substituent may affect the formation and/or stability of unabsorbable chelate complex which is the probable cause of the interaction. These findings are potentially useful in designing fluoroquinolones less prone to drug interactions.
A compact branch-line coupler using discontinuous microstrip lines (2005)

We introduce a branch-line coupler using discontinuous microstrip lines whose size is significantly reduced relative to the standard design. We manipulate the reactive characteristics of discontinuities in its microstrip lines to achieve a physical size reduction of almost 60% with comparable performance.
Localization of Subunits of Transcription Factors IIE and IIF Immediately Upstream of the Transcriptional Initiation Site of the Adenovirus Major Late Promoter (1996)

The assembly of a preinitiation complex containing RNA polymerase II on promoter DNA is a complex process that involves several general transcription factors. Using 5-[N-(p-azidobenzoyl)-3-aminoallyl] photocross-linking, we previously determined the locations of the two large subunits of transcription factor (TF) IIA (A35 and A21), TATA box-binding protein (TBP), RNA polymerase II-associated protein (RAP) 30, and TFIIB along the Ad2 ML promoter. We have now localized TFIIE34 and RAP74 just upstream of the transcription start site. The two subunits of TFIIF, RAP74 and RAP30, cross-linked to nucleotides that probed adjacent spaces on the same face of the DNA helix beginning just downstream of TBP at -19 and extending to -5. Specific photocross-linking of TFIIE34 required the presence TFIIE56. In addition, TFIIE and RAP74 strongly stimulated cross-linking of RAP30 and the large subunits of RNA polymerase II to position -19. Our topological data support the idea that RAP74 and TFIIE34 may be involved in melting of the promoter DNA upstream of the initiation site.
Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure impact on the early morning period (2004)

On a day of active therapy, telmisartan lowered both systolic and diastolic BP to a greater extent than valsartan for the last 6 h of the dosing interval. On a day in which a dose was missed, there was a notable trend for greater BP reduction during the latter part of the dosing interval on telmisartan versus valsartan. These results demonstrate that telmisartan achieved a greater effect than valsartan on BP during the early morning period in patients with hypertension.
Evaluation of an LED Printer and Printhead using Print Quality Analysis (2001)

To satisfy the demand for higher quality, manufacturers of LED print heads for electrophotography need effective measurement tools, both for quality and process control in production and for research and development. For LED printers, mid-tone gray-level uniformity is one of the key quality attributes. Because the print quality is very sensitive to print head performance, using carefully designed test targets with a commercially available image quality analysis system, LED print head quality can be quantified and characterized. This paper describes a measurement and diagnostic method of LED print heads and non-uniformity characterization using banding and line analysis tools. An advanced signal processing technique, discrete wavelet transform, was applied to decompose the signal and extract key information for LED print head quality. The correlation between vertical banding and LED print head defects will be discussed via a case study.
FPGA Accelerated Simulation of Biologically Plausible Spiking Neural Networks (2009)

Artificial neural networks are a key tool for researchers attempting to understand and replicate the behaviour and intelligence found in biological neural networks. Software simulations offer great flexibility and the ability to select which aspects of biological networks to model, but are slow when operating on more complex biologically plausible models; while dedicated hardware solutions can be very fast, they are restricted to fixed models. This paper uses FPGAs to achieve a compromise between model complexity and simulation speed, such that a fully-connected network of 1024 neurons,based on the biologically plausible Izhikevich spiking model,can be simulated at 100 times real-time speed. The simulator is based on a re-usable interconnection architecture for storing synapse weights and calculating thalamic input, which makes use of the large number of available block-RAMs and huge amounts of fine-grain parallelism. The simulator achieves a sustained throughput of 2.26 GFlops in double-precision, and a single Virtex-5 xc5vlx330t without off-chip storage running at 133 MHz is 16 times faster than a 3 GHz Core2 CPU, and 1.1 times faster than a single-precision 1.2 GHz 30-core GPU.
CCA Effects on the Triboelectric Charging Properties of a Two-Component Xerographic Developer (2001)

Charge control agents (CCA's) are frequently added to toners to create a desired charge level and polarity. Triboelectric charging tests on model, CCA-surface-treated toners and carriers indicate that CCA transfer between toner particles and carrier beads can be a controlling factor for the magnitude and polarity of toner charge — in extreme cases, toner polarity can even be reversed as a result of CCA transfer. The tests also indicate that the transfer process, and hence the final charging properties of a toner can be significantly affected by the concentration of the toner in a xerographic developer.
Selektive Spaltung substituierter Phenylsulfenyl‐Schutzgruppen bei Peptidsynthesen (1966)

Abstract The selective cleavage of the N‐sulphenyl protecting group from amino‐acids and peptides containing additional acid‐labile protecting residues has been investigated. Among various nucleophilic reagents tested for their ability to effect rapid and specific removal of the N‐sulphenyl groups, hydrogen cyanide, sulfurous acid and thioacetamide have been found to be particularly suitable. The application of this method to the solid phase synthesis of peptides is described and discussed.
Prediction of Movement Using Bispectral Electroencephalographic Analysis During Propofol/Alfentanil or Isoflurane/Alfentanil Anesthesia (1995)

Conventional electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis techniques do not use the phase information from the Fourier analysis. This study used a new technique of EEG analysis, bispectral analysis, which measures interfrequency phase relationships in the EEG. Using a reference database, and a process of multivariate discriminant analysis, we developed a univariate bispectral variable, the bispectral index (BIS). This study was designed to test the efficacy of BIS in predicting movement to incision during either an isoflurane/alfentanil anesthetic or a propofol/alfentanil anesthetic technique. Fifty consenting patients were randomized to two groups; one received isoflurane/alfentanil and the other, propofol/alfentanil for anesthesia. EEG was recorded using a microcomputer system and the data were analyzed off-line. Hemodynamic variables were also recorded. After skin incision, each patient was observed carefully for 2 min to detect purposeful movement. A significant difference was found between the BIS values for movers versus nonmovers within each of the two treatment groups (P < or = 0.002). However, isoflurane/alfentanil nonmovers could not be distinguished from propofol/alfentanil movers (P < or = 0.180), suggesting a treatment group effect independent of response classification. Preincision hemodynamic variables did not predict patient movement in response to skin incision. These findings suggest the possibility that different anesthetics have different effects on BIS, and thus BIS may not be independent of the anesthetic. Interfrequency phase coupling, a nonlinear feature of the EEG which is measured with bispectral analysis, may contain clinically useful information for the assessment of anesthetic adequacy. In this study, BIS was a better predictor of patient response than other currently available variables including hemodynamic status.
Regulation of intestinal stem cells in mammals and <i>Drosophila</i> (2009)

The digestive systems in mammals and Drosophila are quite different in terms of their complexity and organization, but their biological functions are similar. The Drosophila midgut is a functional equivalent of the mouse small intestine. Adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) have been identified in both the mouse small intestine and Drosophila midgut. The anatomy and cell renewal in the Drosophila midgut are similar to those in the mouse small intestine: the intestinal epithelium in both systems is a tube composed of epithelial cells with absorptive and secretory functions; the Notch signaling controls absorptive versus secretory fate decisions in the intestinal epithelium; cell renewal in both systems starts from stem cells in the basal cell layer, and the differentiated cells then move toward the lumen. However, it is clear that the stem cells in the two systems are regulated in different ways. In this review, we will compare cell renewal and stem cell regulation in the two systems.
Caveolin-1 as a target for colon cancer inhibition by lovastatin and celecoxib (2007)

3360 Colon cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and women in the United States. Previously, we have shown that combination of low doses of celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) and lovastatin (HMG-R inhibitor) synergistically suppress colon cancers in preclinical models. However, the molecular mechanism by which combinations of celecoxib and lovastatin provides synergistic chemopreventive effects has not yet been fully understood. In this study we report key molecular changes associated with the synergistic action of celecoxib and lovastatin. Experiments were designed to test effect of lovastatin and celecoxib or their combination on cell growth, apoptosis, Caveolin-1, Cyclin A, Cyclin D1 and lipid body formation in human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. Using MTT assay, the IC50 values were found to be 25 μM and 50 μM for lovastatin and celecoxib respectively. HCT-116 cells were treated with 25μM lovastatin or 50 μM celecoxib or a combination of both and analyzed for apoptosis (EB-AO and DAPI methods), caveolin-1 expression and cellular distribution (by immunoblot and immunofluorescence methods), cyclin A, cyclin D1 expression (immunoblot) and lipid body formation (oil-red staining). Our results found that an combination of lovastatin and celecoxib significantly increases apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared to individual treatments (p
Improved CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect (2017)

As a sustainable pathway for energy storage and to close the carbon cycle, CO2 electroreduction has recently gained significant interest. We report here the role of the electrolyte, in particular of halide ions, on CO2 electroreduction over plasma-oxidized polycrystalline Cu foils. It was observed that halide ions such as I– can induce significant nanostructuring of the oxidized Cu surface, even at open circuit potential, including the formation of Cu crystals with well-defined shapes. Furthermore, the presence of Cl–, Br–, and I– was found to lower the overpotential and to increase the CO2 electroreduction rate on plasma-activated preoxidized Cu catalyst in the order Cl– < Br– < I–, without sacrificing their intrinsically high C2–C3 product selectivity (∼65% total Faradaic efficiency at −1.0 V vs RHE). This enhancement in catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the specific adsorption of halides with a higher coverage on our oxidized Cu surface during the reaction, which have been previously reported to facilitate the formation and stabilization of the carboxyl (*COOH) intermediate by partial charge donation from the halide ions to CO2.
Aeschylus and Politics - Anthony J. Podlecki: The Political Background of Aeschylean Tragedy. Pp. xii + 188. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1966. Cloth, $7.50. (1968)

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New scramblers for precision radial velocity: square and octagonal fibers (2010)

One of the remaining limitation of the precise radial velocity instruments is the imperfect scrambling produced by the circular fibers. We present here experimental studies on new optical fibers aiming at an improvement of the scrambling they provide. New fibers shapes were tested: square and octagonal. Measurements have been performed of the scrambling performances of these fibers in the near field as well FRD measurements. These fibers show extremely promising performances in the near field scrambling: an improvement of a factor 5 to 10 compared to the circular fiber. They however show some strange behavior in the far field that need to be understood.
Aspects of Voice Quality: Display, Measurement and Therapy (1998)

One approach to outcome measures for speech and language therapy is to display measures of the physical, acoustic, correlates of the perceptually salient features of the structure of speech. A difficulty with this approach is that there is no simple mapping of physical correlates onto speech percepts. In this workshop the physical measures of voice fundamental frequency and larynx contact quotient are explored in relation to the perception, analysis and treatment of aspects of voice quality in a speech and language therapy clinic. A fundamental principle is to analyse samples of continuous speech. The workshop will focus on clients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Speech enhancement using intra-frame dependency in DCT domain (2008)

In this paper, we present a new speech enhancement approach,\nthat is based on exploiting the intra-frame dependency\nof discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain coefficients.\nIt can be noted that the existing enhancement techniques\ntreat the transformdomain coefficients independently.\nInstead of this traditional approach of independently processing\nthe scalars, we split the DCT domain noisy speech\nvector into sub-vectors and each sub-vector is enhanced independently.\nThrough this sub-vector based approach, the\nhigher dimensional enhancement advantage, viz. non-linear\ndependency, is exploited. In the developed method, each\nclean speech sub-vector is modeled using a Gaussian mixture\n(GM) density. We show that the proposed Gaussian\nmixture model (GMM) based DCT domain method, using\nsub-vector processing approach, provides better performance\nthan the conventional approach of enhancing the transform\ndomain scalar components independently. Performance improvement\nover the recently proposed GMM based time domain\napproach is also shown.
Improved short-channel characteristics in boron-implanted n-channel MOSFETs (1983)

Etude experimentale de l'influence des profils de dopage canalise sur les caracteristiques de dispositifs de petites tailles
Tackling Data Inefficiency: Compressing the Bitcoin Blockchain (2019)

In blockchain-based solutions, the amount of data stored in the blockchain increases steadily. Considerable amounts of data accordingly need to be download and stored at decentralized nodes to carry out meaningful validations. For the Bitcoin blockchain, approximately 197 GB must currently be downloaded and processed by any node aiming to fully verify the correctness of stored transactions. This represents an emerging problem with respect to resource-constrained thin clients that lack the required download or storage capacities, but with which meaningful validations still need to be carried out. This problem will gain even more relevance in the future, as blockchain technology is applied to new domains such as the Internet of Things (IoT) that necessitate the use of thin clients. We address this emerging problem by proposing a novel compressible blockchain architecture. In our proposal, we use a snapshot-based approach, to create snapshots of the blockchain at regular intervals and store them in blocks. These blocks are chained, forming a second blockchain that is linked to the primary chain. In this way, the amount of data that needs to be downloaded and stored by decentralized nodes is reduced considerably, while the full validation of the entire blockchain still remains feasible. In this paper, we describe the proposed compressible blockchain architecture in detail. We conducted evaluations that demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution and show its advantages over related approaches introduced in the literature. Overall, our design can be used to reduce the size of the blockchain by up to 93%, facilitating secure blockchain-based applications even on resource-constrained thin clients such as IoT devices.