gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering angiogenesis following spinal cord injury: a coculture of neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a degradable polymer implant leads to an increase in vessel density and formation of the blood–spinal cord barrier (2008)

Angiogenesis precedes recovery following spinal cord injury and its extent correlates with neural regeneration, suggesting that angiogenesis may play a role in repair. An important precondition for studying the role of angiogenesis is the ability to induce it in a controlled manner. Previously, we showed that a coculture of endothelial cells (ECs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted the formation of stable tubes in vitro and stable, functional vascular networks in vivo in a subcutaneous model. We sought to test whether a similar coculture would lead to the formation of stable functional vessels in the spinal cord following injury. We created microvascular networks in a biodegradable two-component implant system and tested the ability of the coculture or controls (lesion control, implant alone, implant + ECs or implant + NPCs) to promote angiogenesis in a rat hemisection model of spinal cord injury. The coculture implant led to a fourfold increase in functional vessels compared with the lesion control, implant alone or implant + NPCs groups and a twofold increase in functional vessels over the implant + ECs group. Furthermore, half of the vessels in the coculture implant exhibited positive staining for the endothelial barrier antigen, a marker for the formation of the blood-spinal cord barrier. No other groups have shown positive staining for the blood-spinal cord barrier in the injury epicenter. This work provides a novel method to induce angiogenesis following spinal cord injury and a foundation for studying its role in repair.
Clock system design (1988)

Provides a framework for understanding system timing and then describes how the computer clock system executes the timing specifications. He examines clock generation and the construction of clock-distribution networks, which are integral to any clock system. Examples from contemporary high-speed systems highlight several common methods of clock generation, distribution, and tuning. Tight control of system clock skew is stressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bayesian optimisation of Gaussian processes for identifying the deteriorating patient (2017)

Patient deterioration in the hospital ward is typically preceded by several hours of deranged physiology, as measured by the patient's vital signs. Estimation of the expected trajectory of a patient's future vital signs can allow us determine the degree of risk of physiological deterioration for that patient. Gaussian processes (GPs) offer a principled means of estimating vital-sign trajectories within a probabilistic framework. The automated estimation of GP parameters in this setting is difficult, due to the (often substantial) variation in physiology between patients, and also due to any changes in physiology that may occur for individual patients. Population-based techniques for fitting models to patient vital-sign data may be inferior compared with patient-specific approaches. We here propose the use of Bayesian optimisation to learn patient-specific models that are effective for estimating future physiological data, based on previously-observed data for the individual patient. We show how patient-specific values of GP hyperparameters may be learned using Bayesian optimisation, based on data observed during the first day of a patient's stay on an acute ward. We then demonstrate the benefit of using such methods in terms of forecasting accuracy for monitoring the patient during their subsequent two days on the ward.
Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Associated Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2016)

The availability of blood-based diagnostic testing using a non-invasive technique holds promise for real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment selection. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been used as a prognostic biomarker for the metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The molecular characterization of CTCs is fundamental to the phenotypic identification of malignant cells and description of the relevant genetic alterations that may change according to disease progression and therapy resistance. However, the molecular characterization of CTCs remains a challenge because of the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs and technological difficulties in the enrichment, isolation and molecular characterization of CTCs. In this pilot study, we evaluated circulating tumor associated cells in one blood draw by size exclusion technology and cytological analysis. Among 30 prospectively enrolled MBC patients, CTCs, circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters), CTCs of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) were detected and analyzed. For molecular characterization of CTCs, size-exclusion method for CTC enrichment was tested in combination with DEPArray™ technology, which allows the recovery of single CTCs or pools of CTCs as a pure CTC sample for mutation analysis. Genomic mutations of <i>TP53</i> and <i>ESR1</i> were analyzed by targeted sequencing on isolated 7 CTCs from a patient with MBC. The results of genomic analysis showed heterozygous <i>TP53</i> R248W mutation from one single CTC and pools of three CTCs, and homozygous <i>TP53</i> R248W mutation from one single CTC and pools of two CTCs. Wild-type <i>ESR1</i> was detected in the same isolated CTCs. The results of this study reveal that size-exclusion method can be used to enrich and identify circulating tumor associated cells, and enriched CTCs were characterized for genetic alterations in MBC patients, respectively.
A review and analysis of microwave absorption in polymer composites filled with carbonaceous particles (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. Qin, C. Brosseau; A review and analysis of microwave absorption in polymer composites filled with carbonaceous particles. Journal of Applied Physics 15 March 2012; 111 (6): 061301. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3688435 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Theoretical aspects of autism: biomarkers—a review (2011)

Autism is dramatically increasing in incidence and is now considered an epidemic. There are no objective means to diagnose the disorder. Diagnosis is made subjectively, based on the perceived behavior of the subject. This review presents an approach toward development of an objective measure of autism. Covering the literature from 1943 to the present in the PubMed and Ovid Medline databases, this review summarizes evidence of hormones, metabolites, amino acids, and other biomarkers present in significantly different quantities in autistic subjects compared to age- and sex-matched controls. These differences can be measured in the gastrointestinal, immunologic, neurologic, and toxicologic systems of the body, with some biomarkers showing ubiquitous application. In addition, there are unifying concepts, i.e., increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, immune glutamatergic dysfunction, and pineal gland malfunction. The variances of the biomarkers from the norm present the opportunity to create biomarker arrays that when properly developed and analyzed could result in an objective diagnosis with a ranking of the severity of autism for each subject. The contribution of each biomarker to the overall diagnosis could be calculated, thus providing a profile pattern unique to the individual. This profile could consequently provide information for therapeutic interventions on an individual basis.
Rapidly tunable and highly reversible bio-inspired dry adhesion for transfer printing in air and a vacuum (2018)

Tunable and reversible dry adhesion has attracted much attention in academia and industry due to its wide applications ranging from releasable joints to stamps for transfer printing. Here, a simple yet robust magnetically actuated, aphid-inspired design of an elastomeric surface that provides rapidly tunable and highly reversible adhesion strength is reported. The magnetically actuated adhesive features open reservoirs filled with magnetic particles and encapsulated by a thin surface membrane, which can be deformed in a controlled manner via the magnetic field, thus, to tune the adhesion. The combination of the rate dependent effect and magnetic actuation of the thin surface membrane offers continuously tunable adhesion with a great switchability and a quick response. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal the underlying physics and provide design guidelines to optimize geometries for the broad control of adhesion. Demonstrations of this concept in stamps for transfer printing of silicon wafers in air and in a vacuum with a selective and programmable mode illustrate the capabilities for deterministic assembly and the potential in the semiconductor industry.
Applications of high T/sub c/ superconductors to magnetic recording heads (1988)

The use of high-T/sub c/ superconductors in high-performance recording heads has been evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Head fields have been measured with Hall elements and inductive pickup loops. The measured fields of a large-scale ring head with Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ in the gap give a supergap permeability of 0.9 when compared to theory. At flying heights of 0.2 mu m, the application to the 3380-type thin-film head results in a theoretical increase in the peak longitudinal field component of over 25%, while the application to the probe-type head given an increase of over 225% in the peak perpendicular field component. For a readback transducer, Josephson junctions in the form of DC-SQUIDS have been made from bulk Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ and experimentally evaluated for application to either the ring- or probe-type head. The break-junctions SQUIDS have a sensitivity of 20 mu V per flux quantum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insights into autophagosome biogenesis from in vitro reconstitutions (2016)

Macro-autophagy (autophagy) is a conserved catabolic pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic material in the lysosomal system. This is achieved by the sequestration of the cytoplasmic cargo material within double membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with lysosomes, wherein the vesicle's inner membrane and the cargo are degraded. Autophagosomes form in a de novo manner and their precursors are initially detected as small membrane structures that are referred to as isolation membranes. The isolation membranes gradually expand and subsequently close to give rise to autophagosomes. Many proteins required to form autophagosomes have been identified but how they act mechanistically is still enigmatic. Here we critically review reconstitution approaches employed to decipher the inner working of the fascinating autophagy machinery.
Layout-conscious random topologies for HPC off-chip interconnects (2013)

As the scales of parallel applications and platforms increase the negative impact of communication latencies on performance becomes large. Random network topologies can be used to achieve low hop counts between nodes and thus low latency. However, random topologies lead to increased aggregate cable length and cable packaging complexity on a machine room floor. In this work we propose two new methods for generating random topologies and their physical layout on a floorplan: randomize links after optimizing the physical layout, or optimize the layout after randomizing links. The first method randomly swaps link endpoints for a given non-random topology for which a good physical layout is known. The resulting topology has the same cable length and cable packaging as the original topology, but achieves lower communication latency. The second method creates a random topology with random links picked so that they will not lead to a long physical cable length, and then solves a constrained optimization problem to compute a physical layout that minimizes aggregate cable length. We quantitatively compare these two methods using both graph analysis and cycle-accurate network simulation, including comparisons with previously proposed random topologies and non-random topologies.
Development of a Robust and High Throughput Method for Profiling <i>N</i>-Linked Glycans Derived from Plasma Glycoproteins by NanoLC−FTICR Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Recent investigations continue to emphasize the importance of glycosylation in various diseases including cancer. In this work, we present a step-by-step protocol describing a method for N-linked glycan profiling of plasma glycoproteins by nanoflow liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). A large experimental space was initially explored and is described herein. Three internal standards were spiked into the sample and provided normalization of plasma glycan abundance across different experimental conditions. Incubation methods and times and the effect of NP40 detergent on glycan abundance were explored. It was found that an 18-h incubation with no detergent led to the greatest ion abundance; however, data could be obtained in less than one day from raw plasma samples utilizing microwave irradiation or shorter incubation periods. The intersample precision of three different glycans was less than 5.5% (RSD) when the internal standards were added prior to the initial processing step. The high mass measurement accuracy (<3 ppm) afforded by the FTICR mass spectrometer provided confident identifications of several glycan species.
Development of L-Shape Coil Spring to Reduce a Friction on the McPherson Strut Suspension System (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As for the McPherson strut, a force from the tire acts on the shock absorber producing a bending moment, which causes an increase in the friction acting on the shock absorber. Reducing the friction is one of the most important issues to improve the riding comfort of an automobile. The bending moment can be reduced by controlling the load axis of the coil spring assembled with the shock absorber. In order to control the load axis, several types of coil springs have been recently reported. This paper proposes another shape-controlled coil spring, called L-shape. The L-shape spring has the following advantages: (1) The load axis can be precisely controlled with ease; (2) Additional space is unnecessary; (3) Manufacturing tractability is increased. The proposed L-shape spring is validated analytically and experimentally in this paper. The effect of the L-shape spring for reducing the friction on a shock absorber is also experimentally confirmed.</div>
A distinction between two instruments measuring dispositional mindfulness and the correlations between those measurements and the neuroanatomical structure (2017)

The most widely used measurements of mindfulness are the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). However, controversies exist regarding the application of these scales. Additionally, the neural mechanisms of dispositional mindfulness havebecome a topic of interest. In the current study, we used surface-based methodology to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in dispositional mindfulness in a large non-clinical sampleand compared the two instruments for measuring the dispositional mindfulness. The results indicated that theMAAS scores were significantly associated with increased greymatter volumes in the right precuneus and the significant association between the precuneus and depression symptomatology was mediated by MAAS scores. Regarding the FFMQ, the Describing, Nonjudging, and Nonreactivity facets were selectively associated with the cortical volume, thickness and surface area of multiple prefrontal regions as well as the inferior parietal lobule. Importantly, Describing mediated the association between the dorsolateral PFC volume and the cognitive reappraisal strategies of emotion regulation. These resultssuggested that the MAASwere mainly associated with self-awareness, while the FFMQ facets were selectively involved in emotion regulation, attention control and self-awareness. Therefore, this study characterized the differences in inter-individual variability between the two typical measurements of dispositional mindfulnessand the correlations between those measurements and imaging analyses.
Protein microarrays: high-throughput tools for proteomics (2009)

Protein microarrays are versatile tools for parallel, miniaturized screening of binding events involving large numbers of immobilized proteins in a time- and cost-effective manner. They are increasingly applied for high-throughput protein analyses in many research areas, such as protein interactions, expression profiling and target discovery. While conventionally made by the spotting of purified proteins, recent advances in technology have made it possible to produce protein microarrays through in situ cell-free synthesis directly from corresponding DNA arrays. This article reviews recent developments in the generation of protein microarrays and their applications in proteomics and diagnostics.
Experimental Validation of Sandstone Acidization Models (1993)

Abstract Sandstone HCl/HF acid matrix stimulation is a complex process involving numerous minerals and reactions. Previous attempts to model these reactions employed a "lumping" procedure to classify sandstone minerals as either fast reacting or slow reacting depending on their reaction rates with hydrofluoric acid. Bryant (1991)1 showed that the two-mineral dissolution model can not accurately account for the effect of flow velocity on HF consumption rates. Consequently, this model cannot reliably extrapolate laboratory data to field conditions which involve radial flow geometry. Bryant presented an improved model to include the secondary dissolution/precipitation reaction of fluosilicic acid (H2SiF6) with clays and amorphous silica. The improved model was previously tested only against limited published data from three laboratory acid core flood tests. To further validate the model, additional laboratory acid core flood tests were conducted using different sandstone cores and with different acid injection rates and concentrations. Test results show that the improved model not only predicts the HF effluent histories reasonably well but also predicts the dissolved Si and Al concentration profiles in the effluent acid. This suggests that the improved model provides a more reliable basis for extrapolating laboratory data and for simulating matrix acid treatments. The improved model also helps to understand the dissolution/precipitation reactions occurring during sandstone acidization processes.
Studies of temperature-dependent electronic transduction on DNA hairpin loop sensor (2003)

A self-assembly monolayer (SAM) of hairpin DNA can be formed on a gold substrate in order to make special biosensors. Labeling the hairpin loop probes with electroactive compositions rather than a fluorophore illustrates interesting profiles of redox current versus temperature. For a biosensor interacting with perfectly complementary targets, the profile shows a characteristic plateau, which disappears when the targets have a single base variation. The plateau is split into multiple steps by tuning the hybridization temperature. We propose that the phenomena are due to hairpin loop compartmentalization. The novel characteristics lead to a thermal gradient detection method that permits perfect discrimination of a target sequence from single nucleotide mismatches.
Analysis of an array of monopoles with the use of a radial waveguide approach (2002)

Abstract A radial guide field matching method (RGFMM) is used to analyze a circular array antenna consisting of one active monopole surrounded by a concentric array of passive monopoles terminated in arbitrary loads. An equivalent admittance matrix for this antenna system is determined to study the input admittance of the active monopole when the peripheral elements are terminated in open or short circuits. RGFMM results are compared with free‐space method of moments (FSMoM) results for a small switched‐beam array of seven monopoles. Good agreement is noted. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 235–240, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10426
Separation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Using 5A Zeolite and Carbon Molecular Sieves (1976)

Abstract The performance of 5A zeolite and a carbon sieve produced from coal for the separation of O2 and N2 from air has been studied. In static adsorption at 25°C, the zeolite took up more N2 than O2. Conversely, for short adsorption times, the carbon sieve took up more O2 than N2. This behavior was reflected when air was passed through adsorbent beds. For the zeolite, enriched O2 was recovered in the outlet; for carbon, enriched N2 was recovered. Possibilities for improving the performance of the carbon sieve are discussed.
Cost-effectiveness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Various Indications (2011)

The cost of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab far exceeded the economic benefit of preventing hospitalizations, even in infants at highest risk for RSV infection.
Improvements in Amperometric Detection of Sulfite in Food Matrixes (1997)

Sulfite is added to foods as an antimicrobial, antibrowning agent, or antioxidant. It also can occur naturally, and is often used in the production of beer and wine. For years the standard methodology for determination of sulfite in foods has been the Monier-Williams method, which is a combination of acid distillation and titration. Recently, AOAC adopted a chromatographic method based on a method developed by Kim and Kim for the determination of sulfite. The method combines ion exclusion chromatography with direct-current (DC) amperometric detection to provide more convenient and accurate quantitation of sulfite. However, fouling of the platinum working electrode results in a rapid decrease in method sensitivity. As a result, standards must be injected before and after every sample, and the electrode must be polished frequently to maintain adequate detection limits. Pulsed amperometric detection overcomes electrode fouling problems by repeatedly and continuously applying cleaning potentials to the working electrode. Using this technique, a reproducible electrode surface can be maintained, and injection-to-injection repeatability is greatly improved. A comparison of method performance for both DC and pulsed amperometric detection is presented. Also investigated was the stability of sulfite samples at varying pH, and in the presence or absence of a preservative.
U.S. Reservations to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Credibility Maximization and Global Influence (2005)

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Practicality of compensating the loss in the plasmonic waveguides using semiconductor gain medium (2012)

We consider the issue of compensating the loss in plasmonic waveguides with semiconductor gain material and show that, independent of specific geometry, full loss compensation in plasmonic waveguides with significantly sub-wavelength light confinement (less than λ/4n) requires current density well in excess of 100 kA/cm2. This high current density is attributed to the unavoidable shortening of recombination time caused by the Purcell effect inherent to sub-wavelength confinement. Consequently, an injection-pumped plasmonic laser that is truly sub-wavelength in all three dimensions (“spaser”) would have threshold current densities that are hard to obtain in any conceivable semiconductor device.