gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Online Adaptive Stator Winding Temperature Estimator Based on a Hybrid Thermal Model for Induction Machines (2005)

Conventional thermal models with a single thermal capacitor and a single thermal resistor are incapable of giving an accurate stator winding temperature estimate tailored to the specific motor's cooling capability. A hybrid thermal model is presented in this paper to account for the disparities in thermal operating conditions for different motors of the same rating, and of the same totally enclosed fan-cooled design. Through theoretical analysis as well as simulation, the change in the motor's thermal behavior under impaired cooling conditions, is found to be closely related to the change in this model's thermal resistance, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . An online parameter tuning algorithm is proposed in this paper. By updating R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> based on the rotor temperature estimated from the rotor resistance, the tuning algorithm adapts the hybrid thermal model to the changes in the motor's thermal operating conditions. Once the hybrid thermal model is properly tuned, an adaptive stator winding temperature estimator is established. It is capable of tracking the stator winding temperature for a motor with specific cooling capability to insure complete overload protection. Experimental results validate this temperature estimator based on the hybrid thermal model and the online parameter tuning algorithm
Myocardial oxygenation in vivo: optical spectroscopy of cytoplasmic myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochromes (1999)

The oxygenation state of myoglobin and the redox state of cytochrome c provide information on the PO(2) in the cytosol and mitochondria, respectively. An optical "window" from approximately 540 to 585 nm was found in the pig heart in vivo that permitted the monitoring of myoglobin and cytochrome c without interference from Hb oxygenation or blood volume. Scanning reflectance spectroscopy was performed on the surgically exposed left ventricle of pigs. Difference spectra between control and a total left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion revealed maxima and minima in this spectral region consistent with myoglobin deoxygenation and cytochrome c and b reduction. Comparison of in vivo data with in vitro fractions of the heart, including Hb-free tissue whole heart and homogenates, mitochondria, myoglobin, and pig red blood cells, reveals minimal contributions of Hb in vivo. This conclusion was confirmed by expanding the blood volume of the myocardium and increasing mean Hb O(2) saturation with an intracoronary infusion of adenosine (20 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1)), which had no significant effect on the 540- to 585-nm region. These results also suggested that myoglobin O(2) saturation was not blood flow limited under these conditions in vivo. Work jump studies with phenylephrine also failed to change cytochrome c redox state or myoglobin oxygenation. Computer simulations using recent physical data are consistent with the notion that myoglobin O(2) saturation is >92% under basal conditions and does not change significantly with moderate workloads. These studies show that reflectance spectroscopy can assess myocardial oxygenation in vivo. Myoglobin O(2) saturation is very high and is not labile to moderate changes in cardiac workload in the open-chest pig model. These findings indicate that myoglobin does not contribute significantly to O(2) transport via facilitated diffusion under these conditions.
Welding defect classification based on convolution neural network (CNN) and Gaussian kernel (2017)

Visual inspection process for weld defects still manually operated by human vision, so the result of the test still highly subjective. In this research, the visual inspection process will be done through image processing on the image sequence to make data accuracy more better. CNN as one of the image processing technique can determine the feature automatically which is suitable for this problem in order to classify the variation of each weld defect pattern. Classification using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) consist of two stages: extraction image using image convolution and image classification using neural network. Gaussian kernel used for blurring image, it helps the extraction of images without losing the main information from the original image, this filter also minimize the occurrence of interference or noise. Results of the classification used to get the category of weld defects with high accuracy as a variable of a weld inspection process whether the weld is pass the standard or not. The proposed system has obtained classification with validation accuracy of 95.83% for four different type of welding defect. The data input of this research is the result of images captured by a webcam.
A novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coated microcantilever for low level caesium detection (2000)

We report a new sensor concept based on an ion-selective SAM modified microcantilever which can detect caesium ion concentrations in situ in the range 10−11–10−7 M and shows potential for use in developing a new family of real time in situ metal ion sensors with high sensitivity/selectivity and low cost, for chemical and biological applications.
ATM and the future of telecommunication networking (1999)

Telecommunication services and networks are in the process of significant change. This paper examines whether asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), thought at one time to be the only viable broadband communication protocol, providing end-to-end connectivity for all applications, still has a role to play in the evolving telecommunication environment. The paper considers the trends in network integration, the emergence of many new services, and the alternative communication protocols with which ATM must compete or interwork. It also addresses the fundamental issue of how to develop a reasonable pricing strategy for these integrated multiservice networks. Several examples are given which show how ATM is adapting to accommodate changing requirements, whilst maintaining its essential ability to transport a diverse range of services. In addition, the authors make a tentative proposal about how economic forces could be harnessed to form a new integrated service model that is compatible with a network infrastructure based upon ATM or any suitable alternative.
Trends and Future Directions in Nano Structure Based Computing and Fabrication (2006)

As silicon CMOS devices are scaled down into the nanoscale regime, new challenges at both the device and system level are arising. While some of these challenges will be overcome in the near future, nanoscale devices will have high manufacturing defect rates and will operate at reduced noise margins, exposing computation to higher soft error rates. Thus, a key challenge for the future will be building fault and defect-tolerant computing systems. Researchers are looking to develop hybrid systems that combine on the same chip CMOS-based circuitry with any number of alternatives, including circuits composed of nanowire or carbon nanotube devices. The big advantage of including these new devices on the same chip is the increased device densities, and potential drop in fabrication costs. On the other hand, integrating very large numbers of devices on a single chip leads to questions of how to manage so many devices with tight constraints on cost, performance, power, and reliability, without having it become a design complexity nightmare. In this paper, we review some key issues and trends arising from nanostructure based computing and fabrication, while providing a few examples of defect-tolerant circuits and architectures currently being proposed as alternatives to "traditional" computing based exclusively on CMOS technology. These include hybrid nanowire/CMOS designs, reconfigurable or redundant architectures, and designs based on probabilistic computing. We end with a discussion on future challenges and direction in nanoscale computing.
A perceptually motivated three-component image model-Part I: description of the model (1995)

Some psychovisual properties of the human visual system are discussed and interpreted in a mathematical framework. The formation of perception is described by appropriate minimization problems and the edge information is found to be of primary importance in visual perception. Having introduced the concept of edge strength, it is demonstrated that strong edges are of higher perceptual importance than weaker edges (textures). We have also found that smooth areas of an image influence our perception together with the edge information, and that this influence can be mathematically described via a minimization problem. Based on this study, we have proposed to decompose the image into three components: (i) primary, (ii) smooth, and (iii) texture, which contain, respectively, the strong edges, the background, and the textures. An algorithm is developed to generate the three-component image model, and an example is provided in which the resulting three components demonstrate the specific properties as expected. Finally, it is shown that the primary component provides a superior representation of the strong edge information as compared with the popular Laplacian-Gaussian operator edge extraction scheme.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Idiopathic Hyperoxaluria (2007)

In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Oxadrop did not reduce urinary oxalate excretion in participants with idiopathic hyperoxaluria.
The encyclopedia of farm animal nutrition (2004)

<title>Abstract</title> This encyclopedia covers the whole of nutrition including basic aspects of digestion and metabolism, energy, protein, minerals and vitamins, feed intake, common feeds, feed processing, deficiency diseases, and nutritional disorders. It contains approximately 2000 entries contributed by 95 international authors (the affiliations for whom are listed), with seven section editors. Entries vary from short definitions to more discursive articles, on subjects of major importance, of up to 2000 words. Longer entries are supported by references to important original papers and reviews, and all entries are fully cross-referenced to related entries within the book. Where appropriate entries are supported by figures, tables and photographs.
A New Method for Identifying the Life Parameters via Radar (2007)

It has been proved that the vital signs can be detected via radar. To better identify the life parameters such as respiration and heartbeat, a novel method combined with several signal processing techniques is presented. Firstly, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the life signals, the signal accumulation technique by FFT is used. Then, to restrain the interferences produced by moving objects, a dual filtering algorithm (DFA) which is able to remove the interferences by tracing the interfering spectral peaks is proposed. Finally, the wavelet transform is applied to separate the heartbeat from the respiration signal. The method cannot only help to automatically detect the existence of human beings effectively, but also identifying the parameters like respiration, heartbeat, and body-moving signals significantly. Experimental results demonstrated that the method is very promising in identifying the life parameters via radar.
Enabling ICN in the Internet Protocol (2019)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) embraces a family of network architectures rethinking Internet communication principles around named-data. After several years of research and the emergence of a few popular proposals, the idea to replace the Internet protocol with data-centric networking remains a subject of debate. ICN advantages have been advocated in the context of 5G networks for the support of highly mobile, multi-access/source and latency-minimal patterns of communications. However, large scale testing and insertion in operational networks are yet to happen, likely due to the lack of a clear incremental deployment strategy. In this paper, we analyze a recent proposal Hybrid-ICN (hICN), an ICN integration inside IP (rather that over/ under/ in place of) that has the ambition to trade-off no ICN architectural principles. By reusing existing packet formats, hICN brings innovation inside the IP stack, requiring minimal software upgrades and guaranteeing transparent interconnection with existing IP networks.
Tailoring Hydrogel Viscoelasticity with Physical and Chemical Crosslinking (2015)

Biological tissues are viscoelastic, demonstrating a mixture of fluid and solid responses to mechanical strain. Whilst viscoelasticity is critical for native tissue function, it is rarely used as a design criterion in biomaterials science or tissue engineering. We propose that viscoelasticity may be tailored to specific levels through manipulation of the hydrogel type, or more specifically the proportion of physical and chemical crosslinks present in a construct. This theory was assessed by comparing the mechanical properties of various hydrogel blends, comprising elastic, equilibrium, storage and loss moduli, as well as the loss tangent. These properties were also assessed in human articular cartilage explants. It was found that whilst very low in elastic modulus, the physical crosslinks found in gellan gum-only provided the closest approximation of loss tangent levels found in cartilage. Blends of physical and chemical crosslinks (gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) combined with gellan gum) gave highest values for elastic response. However, a greater proportion of gellan gum to GelMA than investigated may be required to achieve native cartilage viscoelasticity in this case. Human articular chondrocytes encapsulated in hydrogels remained viable over one week of culture. Overall, it was shown that viscoelasticity may be tailored similarly to other mechanical properties and may prove a new criterion to be included in the design of biomaterial structures for tissue engineering.
Hydroxyapatite/PMMA composites as bone cements. (2004)

Currently PMMA is the polymer most commonly used as a bone cement for the fixation of total hip prostheses. Ideally, a bone cement material should be easy to handle, biologically compatible, nonsupporting of oral microbial growth, available in the particulate and molded forms, easy to obtain, nonallergenic, adaptable to a broad range of dental and medical applications, in possession of high compressive strength, and effective in guided tissue regenerative procedures. One of the problems associated with the conventional types of bone cement used is their unsatisfactory mechanical and exothermic reaction properties. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate and compare the mechanical properties (three-point bending strength, energy-to-break, and modulus of elasticity) and physical properties (setting time, water sorption, and exothermic heat) of HA/PMMA (HA group) and bovine-bone originated HA/PMMA (BB group) composites. Composites samples were fabricated by admixing method. It was found that the addition of HA and BB particles increased the water sorption. Generally 10 v/o 20 v/o HA and 0 v/o to 10 v/o BB ratio combinations had significant beneficial effects on the mechanical properties. The heat generated during polymerization was influenced by the different admixtures. More than 40 v/o HA and 40 v/o BB should be mixed into PMMA to reduce the peak temperature. Overall evaluation indicated that the BB group had better properties than the HA group.
Relationship between Fascin-1 protein expression and cervical squamous cell differentiation (2019)

Objective
To investigate the relationship between Fascin-1 protein expression and cervical squamous cell differentiation.


Methods
A total of 111 cases of normal cervical tissue, 115 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 16 cases of immature squamous epithelial metaplasia (CISM) of cervix preserved in the Department of Pathology in Dongyang People’s Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were collected. The expression of Fascin-1 protein in these tissues was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision method.


Results
Fascin-1 protein expression rate in the intermedium stratum cells of normal cervical squamous epithelium was 32.4% (36/111), while it was 100.0% (111/111) in basal and parabasal cells. Fascin-1 protein expression rates in CIN, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1), high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3) and CISM were 99.1% (114/115), 100.0% (55/55), 98.3% (59/60), 100.0% (16/16), respectively. There was no significant difference in pairwise comparison of Fascin-1 positive rate of normal squamous epithelium basal and parabasal cells, CIN1, CIN2-3 and CISM (P>0.05); but they were significantly higher than those in normal intermedium stratum cells (P<0.01).


Conclusions
The expression of Fascin-1 protein is closely related to the differentiation of cervical squamous epithelial cells, and the protein is highly expressed in immature squamous epithelium of cervix.


Key words: 
Fascin-1; Cell differentiation; Immunohistochemistry
Separating data and control transfer in distributed operating systems (1994)

Advances in processor architecture and technology have resulted in workstations in the 100+ MIPS range. As well, newer local-area networks such as ATM promise a ten- to hundred-fold increase in throughput, much reduced latency, greater scalability, and greatly increased reliability, when compared to current LANs such as Ethernet.
Selection patterns on restorer-like genes reveal a conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes throughout angiosperm evolution (2011)

Eukaryotic cells have harbored mitochondria for at least 1.5 billion years in an apparently mutually beneficial symbiosis. Studies on the agronomically important crop trait cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have suggested the semblance of a host-parasite relationship between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but molecular evidence for this is lacking. Key players in CMS systems are the fertility restorer (Rf) genes required for the development of a functional male gametophyte in plants carrying a mitochondrial CMS gene. In the majority of cases, Rf genes encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. We show that most angiosperms for which extensive genomic sequence data exist contain multiple PPR genes related to Rf genes. These Rf-like genes show a number of characteristic features compared with other PPR genes, including chromosomal clustering and unique patterns of evolution, notably high rates of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions, suggesting diversifying selection. The highest probabilities of diversifying selection were seen for amino acid residues 1, 3, and 6 within the PPR motif. PPR proteins are involved in RNA processing, and mapping the selection data to a predicted consensus structure of an array of PPR motifs suggests that these residues are likely to form base-specific contacts to the RNA ligand. We suggest that the selection patterns on Rf-like genes reveal a molecular "arms-race" between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that has persisted throughout most of the evolutionary history of angiosperms.
Del(10)(q22.3q24.1) associated with juvenile polyposis (1997)

Juvenile polyps are the most frequent gastrointestinal polyps with a malignant potential for which the genetic basis is unknown. Juvenile polyps, with a normal epithelium but hypertrophic lamina propria, are histologically quite distinct from adenomatous polyps which have dysplastic changes in epithelial nuclei. Furthermore, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene on Chr 5, mutated somatically in adenomatous polyps and mutated in the germline of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, is not linked to hereditary juvenile polyposis. We provide the first report indicating that a tumor suppressor gene associated with juvenile polyposis may be located at 10q22.3q24.1. Cytogenetic studies of a patient with juvenile polyposis and multiple congenital abnormalities of the head, extremities, and abdomen revealed a de novo interstitial deletion of Chr 10 as the only defect, del(10)(10q22.3q24.1).
GlnD Is Essential for NifA Activation, NtrB/NtrC-Regulated Gene Expression, and Posttranslational Regulation of Nitrogenase Activity in the Photosynthetic, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium <i>Rhodospirillum rubrum</i> (2005)

GlnD is a bifunctional uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme and is thought to be the primary sensor of nitrogen status in the cell. It plays an important role in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism by reversibly regulating the modification of P(II) proteins, which in turn regulate a variety of other proteins. We report here the characterization of glnD mutants from the photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum and the analysis of the roles of GlnD in the regulation of nitrogen fixation. Unlike glnD mutations in Azotobacter vinelandii and some other bacteria, glnD deletion mutations are not lethal in R. rubrum. Such mutants grew well in minimal medium with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, although they grew slowly with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source (MN medium) and were unable to fix N(2). The slow growth in MN medium is apparently due to low glutamine synthetase activity, because a DeltaglnD strain with an altered glutamine synthetase that cannot be adenylylated can grow well in MN medium. Various mutation and complementation studies were used to show that the critical uridylyltransferase activity of GlnD is localized to the N-terminal region. Mutants with intermediate levels of uridylyltransferase activity are differentially defective in nif gene expression, the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase, and NtrB/NtrC function, indicating the complexity of the physiological role of GlnD. These results have implications for the interpretation of results obtained with GlnD in many other organisms.
An energy‐efficient protocol for multimedia streaming in a mobile environment (2005)

Pervasive services and smart environments are becoming more and more popular as an ever‐increasing number of people enjoys these services typically by means of portable devices. These devices are battery‐fed and, thus, energy efficiency is a critical factor for the deployment of pervasive services. In this paper we focus on multimedia streaming services for mobile users. Specifically, we consider a scenario where mobile users with Wi‐Fi devices access the Internet to receive audio files from a remote streaming server. We propose a proxybased architecture and an energy‐efficient streaming protocol that minimize the energy consumption of the Wi‐Fi interface at the mobile device, while guaranteeing the real‐time constraints of the audio streaming. The experimental analysis performed on a prototype implementation shows that our solution allows an energy saving ranging from 76% to 91% of the total consumption due to the network interface. Moreover, it also preserves a good user‐level Quality of Service.