gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir inhibits proteasome function and causes apoptosis and radiosensitization in non-HIV-associated human cancer cells. (2002)

Cancer cells frequently show high constitutive activity of the antiapoptotic transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which results in their enhanced survival. Activation of NF-kappaB classically depends on degradation of its inhibitor IkappaBalpha by the 26s proteasome. Specific proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis in cancer cells and, at nonlethal concentrations, sensitize cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, the protease coded by the HIV-I virus has been shown to share cleavage activities with the proteasome. For this reason, we investigated whether the HIV-I protease inhibitor saquinavir can inhibit NF-kappaB activation, block 26s proteasome activity in prostate cancer cells, and promote their apoptosis. The effect of saquinavir on LPS/IFN-gamma-induced activation of NF-kappaB was assessed by gel-shift assays and by Western analysis of corresponding IkappaBalpha-levels. Its effect on 20s and 26s proteasome activity was analyzed with a fluorogenic peptide assay using whole cell lysates from LnCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 prostate cancer cells pretreated with saquinavir for 9 h. Proteasome inhibition in living cells was assessed using ECV 304 cells stably transfected with an expression plasmid for an ubiquitin/green fluorescence protein fusion protein (ECV 304/10). Apoptosis was monitored morphologically and by flow cytometry. Saquinavir treatment prevented LPS/IFN-gamma-induced activation of NF-kappaB in RAW cells and stabilized expression of IkappaBalpha. It inhibited 20s and 26s proteasome activity in lysates from LnCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 prostate cancer cells with an IC(50) of 10 micro M and caused the accumulation of an ubiquitin/green fluorescence protein fusion protein in living ECV 304/10 cells. Incubation of PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer, U373 glioblastoma, and K562 and Jurkat leukemia cells with saquinavir caused a concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis. In the case of PC-3 and DU-145, saquinavir sensitized the surviving cells to ionizing radiation. We conclude that saquinavir inhibits proteasome activity in mammalian cells as well as acting on the HIV-I protease. Because saquinavir induced apoptosis in human cancer cells, HIV-I protease inhibitors might become a new class of cytotoxic drugs, alone or in combination with radiation or chemotherapy.
[mTOR and FTY 720 inhibitors]. (2001)

SIROLIMUS: The leading member of the mTOR inhibitor family, sirolimus or rapamycin, has dose-dependent side effects that can generally be well controlled. Sirolimus can be combined with tacrolimus at therapeutic doses; likewise for the sirolimus-cyclosporine combination at moderate dosage. Effective plasma concentrations of sirolimus vary from 5 to 20 ng/ml depending on the combination of immunosuppressant agents used. Sirolimus has been shown to inhibit metastatic diffusion of renal adenocarcinoma in the mouse. Its complex side effects on angiogenesis, fibrosis processes and chronic rejection are still being investigated. EVEROLIMUS: Everolimus, or RAD, has a very short half-life, but induces fewer hematologic effects. The therapeutic dose must reach at least 3 ng/ml to prevent rejection. Doses above 15 ng/ml increase the risk of thrombocytopenia. FTY 720: A new immunosuppressant agent, FTY 720, does not belong to any known family. It has a totally different mechanism of action compared with currently available immunosuppressants. FTY 720 increases the expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of T cells making them unavailable for the rejection reaction. FTY 720 has a very long half-life (108 hours). Due to its particular liver metabolism, there is a very low risk of drug interactions.
Dyes, General Survey (2000)

The article contains sections titled:



1.	Survey	
1.1.	History	
1.2.	Classification and Definitions	
1.3.	Manufacture	
1.3.1.	Unit Operations	
1.3.2.	Formulation and Standardization	
1.4.	Applications	
1.4.1.	Wool	
1.4.2.	Cellulosics	
1.4.3.	Polyester	
1.4.4.	Polyamide	
1.4.5.	Acrylics	
1.4.6.	Pigments	
1.5.	Economic Aspects	
1.6.	Environment, Ecology, and Toxicology	
2.	Color and Structure	
2.1.	Basic Principles of Color	
2.2.	Empirical Correlations	
2.3.	Quantum Chemical Methods	
2.4.	Fluorescence and Phosphorescence	
2.5.	Quantitative Treatment of Light Absorption	
2.6.	The Influence of Substituents on the Spectra of Aromatic Compounds	
3.	Color Measurement and Colorant Formulation	
3.1.	Measurement of Reflectance Factors	
3.2.	Calculation of Tristimulus Values	
3.3.	Chromaticity Diagram	
3.4.	Conversion of XYZ Values into L*a*b* Coordinates	
3.5.	Calculation of Color Differences	
3.6.	Colorant Formulation	
4.	Chemical Analysis and Tests	
4.1.	Investigation of Individual Dyes	
4.1.1.	Testing for Homogeneity and Separation of Mixtures	
4.1.2.	Classification	
4.1.3.	Identification	
4.1.4.	Quantitative Determination	
4.1.5.	Determination of Structure	
4.2.	Investigation of Dyes on the Fiber	
4.2.1.	General Tests	
4.2.2.	Systematic Analysis	
4.2.3.	Special Tests	
5.	Chromatography	
5.1.	Column Chromatography	
5.2.	Paper Chromatography	
5.3.	Thin-Layer Chromatography	
5.4.	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	
6.	Spectroscopic Measurements	
6.1.	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	
6.2.	Mass Spectrometry (MS)	
6.3.	UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
A phonic wheel generator for position indication in digital computor magnetic drum storage (1954)

A brief account of the requirements for position indication on a magnetic storage drum is followed by an elementary discussion of the expected output from a variable reluctance phonic wheel generator at frequencies in excess of 20 kc/s. This investigation leads to experimental designs of generator, the output of which agrees, in order of magnitude, with that calculated. Finally, the system in practical use at Birkbeck College is described.
A study on location information aided re-identification in CCTV environment (2017)

The video data taken by CCTV cameras are becoming abundant as CCTV is widely spreading in surveillance area. As video analytic technologies are developing, object detection and classification of video data can be performed by machines like CCTV cameras and computers. The automatic object detection and classification can be applied to identify same person from multiple video clips taken at different time or by different cameras. The accuracy of video object classification can be enhanced by using other information. In this paper, a method is introduced, which enhances the accuracy of the person re-identification using location information of CCTV and smart phone.
Imaging the earth with passive seismic arrays (2003)

Earthquake and exploration seismology share a common foundation in elastic wave propagation. Most of what we know about earthquakes is known from the elastic waves they emit, while seismic methods in exploration are all about using scattered elastic waves to image earth structure. Seismologists have been using elastic waves to probe the earth since the very earliest instruments. After all, it was early seismic measurements that led to the spherical shell model of earth structure (crust, mantle, and core) taught to grade school students.
RECOMBINANT ONCOTOXIN AR209 (ANTI-P185 <sup>erbB-2</sup> ) DIMINISHES HUMAN PROSTATE CARCINOMA XENOGRAFTS (1999)

This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of a recombinant oncotoxin in the treatment of prostate carcinoma. Recombinant oncotoxins may be an effective clinical addition for the management of metastatic prostate lesions in patients treated with conventional therapy.
<i>Streptococcus iniae</i>Discitis in Singapore (2004)

10.3201/eid1009.040029
[Effect of induced-mineralization on the expression of SOST in human periodontal ligament cells]. (2012)

After continuous induced-mineralization culture, human periodontal ligament cells can express SOST mRNA and related osteogenic genes in a time-dependent manner, which suggests that SOST may play a role in the regeneration of periodontal tissues.
Stereocomplex Formation in Blends of Block Copolymers of Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Isotactic PMMA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocomplex Formation in Blends of Block Copolymers of Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Isotactic PMMA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA)H. Deuring, G. O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein, G. Challa, J. P. Mason, and T. E. Hogen-EschCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6, 1952–1958Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00110a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00110a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time perception-level translation from audio signals to vibrotactile effects (2013)

In this paper, we propose a real-time perception-level audio-to-vibrotactile translation algorithm. Unlike previous signal-level conversion methods, our algorithm considers only perceptual characteristics, such as loudness and roughness, of audio and tactile stimuli. This perception-level approach allows for designing intuitive and explicit conversion models with clear understandings of their perceptual consequences. Our current implementation is tailored to accurate detection of special sound effects to provide well-synchronized audio-tactile feedback in immersive applications. We also assessed the performance of our translation algorithm in terms of the detection rate of special sound effects, computational performance, and user preference. All the experimental results supported that our algorithm works well as intended with better performance than the signal-level conversion methods, especially for games. Our algorithm can be easily realized in current products, including mobile devices, gaming devices, and 4D home theater systems, for richer user experience.
New Methods for Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Coaggregation of Microbial Populations in Complex Biofilms (2013)

In biofilms, microbial activities form gradients of substrates and electron acceptors, creating a complex landscape of microhabitats, often resulting in structured localization of the microbial populations present. To understand the dynamic interplay between and within these populations, quantitative measurements and statistical analysis of their localization patterns within the biofilms are necessary, and adequate automated tools for such analyses are needed. We have designed and applied new methods for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital image analysis of directionally dependent (anisotropic) multispecies biofilms. A sequential-FISH approach allowed multiple populations to be detected in a biofilm sample. This was combined with an automated tool for vertical-distribution analysis by generating in silico biofilm slices and the recently developed Inflate algorithm for coaggregation analysis of microbial populations in anisotropic biofilms. As a proof of principle, we show distinct stratification patterns of the ammonia oxidizers Nitrosomonas oligotropha subclusters I and II and the nitrite oxidizer Nitrospira sublineage I in three different types of wastewater biofilms, suggesting niche differentiation between the N. oligotropha subclusters, which could explain their coexistence in the same biofilms. Coaggregation analysis showed that N. oligotropha subcluster II aggregated closer to Nitrospira than did N. oligotropha subcluster I in a pilot plant nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) and a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), but not in a full-scale NTF, indicating important ecophysiological differences between these phylogenetically closely related subclusters. By using high-resolution quantitative methods applicable to any multispecies biofilm in general, the ecological interactions of these complex ecosystems can be understood in more detail.
Antiglioma Immunological Memory in Response to Conditional Cytotoxic/Immune-Stimulatory Gene Therapy: Humoral and Cellular Immunity Lead to Tumor Regression (2009)

Treatment with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK triggered systemic anti-glioblastoma multiforme cellular and humoral immune responses, and anti-glioblastoma multiforme immunological memory. Release of the chromatin-binding protein high mobility group box 1 could be used as a noninvasive biomarker of therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma multiforme. The robust treatment efficacy lends further support to its implementation in a phase I clinical trial.
Structure of the membrane-bound form of the pore-forming domain of colicin A: A partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry study (1993)

The ion-channel-forming thermolytic fragment (thA) of colicin A binds to negatively charged vesicles and provides an example of the insertion of a soluble protein into a lipid bilayer. The soluble structure is known and consists of a 10-helix bundle containing a hydrophobic helical hairpin. In this study, partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry were used to determine the accessible sites to proteolytic attack by trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin in the thA fragment in its membrane-bound state. Electrospray mass spectrometry was quite an efficient method for the identification of the cleavage products, even with partially purified peptide mixtures and with only few controls by N-terminal sequencing. This work confirms that a major part of the peptide chain lies at the membrane surface and that even the hydrophobic hairpin is not protected by the lipid bilayer from proteolytic degradation. In the absence of a membrane potential, the hydrophobic hairpin in the colicin A membrane-bound form seems not fixed in a transmembrane orientation.
Observation of Raman Self-Conversion of fs-Pulse Frequency due to Impulsive Excitation of Molecular Vibrations (1998)

We report on the observation of a Raman frequency conversion mechanism different from the usual Stokes (anti-Stokes) stimulated process. A continuous down-shift of laser pulse frequency was measured for sufficiently short $(\ensuremath{\le}40\mathrm{fs})$ pulses propagating in gaseous ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$. We attribute this behavior to the extremely nonstationary nuclear response of ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ molecules to the light field with a duration shorter than the period of the Raman-active vibration.
Evaluating the effectiveness of chemicals for stickies control (2000)

Application: This study develops a simple procedure for screening the effectiveness of agents used for stickies control.
Effect of Foliar Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Photosynthesis of Maize and Soybean (2002)

On the first day after foliar application, chitosan pentamer (CH5) and chitin pentamer (CHIT5) decreased net photosynthetic rate (PN) of soybean and maize, however, on subsequent days there was an increase in PN in some treatments. CH5 caused an increase in maize PN on day 3 at 10-5 and 10-7 M; the increases were 18 and 10 % over the control plants. This increase was correlated with increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E), while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was not different from the control plants. PN of soybean plants did not differ from the control plants except for treatment CH5 (10-7 M) which caused an 8 % increase on day 2, along with increased gs, E, and Ci. On days 5 and 6 the CHIT5 treatment caused a 6-8 % increase in PN of maize, which was accompanied by increases in gs, E, and Ci. However, there was no such increase for soybean plants treated with CHIT5. In general, foliar application of high molecular mass chitin (CHH) resulted in decreased PN, particularly for 0.010 % treated plants, both in maize and soybean. Foliar applications of chitosan and chitin oligomers did not affect (p > 0.05) maize or soybean height, root length, leaf area, shoot or root or total dry mass.
Bronchoscopic administration of bovine natural surfactant in ARDS and septic shock: impact on biophysical and biochemical surfactant properties (2002)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of bronchoscopic surfactant administration, on the biochemical and biophysical surfactant properties, in patients with severe and early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock. A total number of 27 ARDS patients received 300-500 mg x kg x body x weight(-1) of a natural bovine surfactant extract (Alveofact) via a flexible bronchoscope. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed 3 h prior to, and 15-18 h and 72 h after surfactant administration. A comparison to healthy volunteers, undergoing an identical lavage procedure, was made (control, n=12). Severe biophysical and biochemical surfactant abnormalities were encountered throughout in the ARDS patients. These included a massive alveolar protein load, a reduced percentage of large surfactant aggregates (LA), a loss of palmitoylated phosphatidylcholine species and a significant reduction of surfactant apoprotein (SP)-A, SP-B and SP-C in the LA fraction. Both minimum (gammamin) and adsorption (gammaads) surface tension values (pulsating bubble surfactometer) were dramatically increased. Surfactant treatment resulted in a marked increase in the lavagable phospholipid (PL) pool, but predominance of the alveolar surfactant-inhibitory protein load was still encountered. Far-reaching or even complete normalization of the PL profile, the LA fraction and its SP-B and SP-C (but not SP-A) content as well as the fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine class was noted. Surface tension lowering properties (gammamin and gammaads) significantly improved, but were still not fully normalized. Bronchoscopic administration of large quantities of natural bovine surfactant in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome causes far-reaching restoration of biochemical surfactant properties and significant improvement, however not full normalization, of biophysical surfactant function.
Insecticide-resistance in bed-bugs. (1958)

A simple method of measuring insecticide-resistance in bed-bugs is described. Batches of adult bugs are put on small pieces of filter-paper impregnated with oil solutions of insecticides, and mortality is estimated after 5 days at 25 degrees C.In both Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, two kinds of resistance can develop, either independently or in conjunction. One involves DDT, methoxychlor and analogues; it cannot be overcome by the addition of DMC. The other involves gamma-BHC, dieldrin and various other chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides. The resistance spectrum of bed-bugs towards this group of compounds resembles those of Anopheles gambiae and Musca domestica, indicating similarity in the defence mechanism.
Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of β-Quaternary Carbons via a Conjugate Addition of Cyanide to β,β-Disubstituted α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds (2010)

The first general catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to beta,beta-disubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and N-acylpyrroles was developed using a strontium catalyst derived from Sr(O(i)Pr)(2) and new chiral ligand 5. The reaction exhibited excellent enantioselectivity and a wide substrate scope using 0.5-10 mol % catalyst. 1,4-Adducts containing beta-quaternary carbons were exclusively produced over 1,2-adducts. ESI-MS analysis of the strontium catalyst indicated that the active catalyst was a trimetallic Sr/5 = 3:5 complex. The exclusive 1,4-selectivity was partly due to the ability of the strontium complex to promote both a retro-cyanation reaction from the 1,2-adducts and highly enantioselective conjugate cyanation.
Practical Methods of Optimization (2000)

Fully describes optimization methods that are currently most valuable in solving real-life problems. Since optimization has applications in almost every branch of science and technology, the text emphasizes their practical aspects in conjunction with the heuristics useful in making them perform more reliably and efficiently. To this end, it presents comparative numerical studies to give readers a feel for possibile applications and to illustrate the problems in assessing evidence. Also provides theoretical background which provides insights into how methods are derived. This edition offers rev
Skeleton of the Oldest Known Pinniped, <i>Enaliarctos mealsi</i> (1989)

A nearly complete skeleton of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos, found in late Oligocene or early Miocene rocks (approximately 23 million years old) of California, provides new evidence on the origin of pinnipeds. Enaliarctos retains many primitive features expected in the hypothesized common ancestor of pinnipeds. Skeletal modifications seen in Enaliarctos document swimming adaptations and indicate that pinnipeds primitively used the axial skeleton and both fore and hindflippers as sources of propulsion. Elongate hindlimbs with prominent bony processes (reflecting powerful musculature) suggest that Enaliarctos was more active on land than modern pinnipeds.
The impact of network convergence on telecommunications software (2001)

This describes a converged network architecture and then discusses why it needs to be open and programmable and how this can be accomplished. A discussion of two approaches to open/programmable networks-JAIN and Parlay-is provided to highlight the key ideas. The converged network is a key player in e-business and the next-generation applications currently being developed for the growing digital economy. We discuss the role of telecommunications bandwidth trading and application integration in next-generation applications (NGAs) and their relevance to converged networks. Some of the challenges software engineers and programmers can expect to encounter while trying to build these networks are also discussed.