gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Equalization for Digital Communication (1965)

Distortion in transmission channels causes intersymbol interference in digital communication systems. This distortion may be partially corrected at the receiver through the use of a tapped delay line having adjustable tap gain settings (transversal filter), The problem of minimizing distortion with a finite-length transversal filter is examined. In the region of small initial channel distortion where most existing systems operate, the best tap gain settings satisfy a set of simultaneous linear equations. For larger initial distortion, iterative techniques are required to find best gain settings. The distortion is shown to be a convex function of the tap gains, so mathematical programming techniques may be employed for optimization. The practical problem is that of evolving a logical strategy whereby the tap gains of the transversal filter may be set to optimum values. An easily implemented system for automatic equalization is described which makes use of a steepest-descent technique of minimization. The equalizer is automatically set prior to data transmission in a training period during which a series of test pulses is transmitted. Only polarity information is required, so digital logic may be used in the equalizer. For application to high-speed data transmission, great accuracies are required for the tap gain settings. Thus the problem of noise in the channel during equalization is quite important. The final error due to noise and channel distortion and the equalizer settling time are discussed and evaluated. Finally, the effect of a transversal filter equalizer in terms of the system frequency-domain characteristics is considered.
Bulk crystal seeding in the generation of mesopores by organosilane surfactants in zeolite synthesis (2014)

Bulk crystal seeding in hierarchical zeolite synthesis using organosilane surfactants – widening the mesopore-generating region and zeolite structures.
Cross talk analysis in multicore optical fibers by supermode theory (2016)

We discuss the theoretical aspects of core-to-core power transfer in multicore fibers relying on supermode theory. Based on a dual core fiber model, we investigate the consequences of this approach, such as the influence of initial excitation conditions on cross talk. Supermode interpretation of power coupling proves to be intuitive and thus may lead to new concepts of multicore fiber-based devices. As a conclusion, we propose a definition of a uniform cross talk parameter that describes multicore fiber design.
Vater Association: Analysis of Growth and Development (1985)

The growth and development of 15 patients with VATER association were prospectively followed for 1-4 years. Prenatal growth retardation was frequent but at least 50% of children with early growth deficiency demonstrated long-term catch-up growth. Mental development was normal in 12 of 15 children but 8 of 13 children had delayed motor skill development. Early postnatal growth deficiency was an indicator of children at risk for developmental problems. Parents should be reassured that most children with VATER association display normal development.
A Theranostic Small Interfering RNA Nanoprobe Protects Pancreatic Islet Grafts From Adoptively Transferred Immune Rejection (2012)

Islet transplantation has recently emerged as an acceptable clinical modality for restoring normoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The long-term survival and function of islet grafts is compromised by immune rejection-related factors. Downregulation of factors that mediate immune rejection using RNA interference holds promise for improving islet graft resistance to damaging factors after transplantation. Here, we used a dual-purpose therapy/imaging small interfering (si)RNA magnetic nanoparticle (MN) probe that targets β(2) microglobulin (B2M), a key component of the major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC I). In addition to serving as a siRNA carrier, this MN-siB2M probe enables monitoring of graft persistence noninvasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Human islets labeled with these MNs before transplantation into B2M (null) NOD/scid mice showed significantly improved preservation of graft volume starting at 2 weeks, as determined by longitudinal MRI in an adoptive transfer model (P < 0.05). Furthermore, animals transplanted with MN-siB2M-labeled islets demonstrated a significant delay of up to 23.8 ± 4.8 days in diabetes onset after the adoptive transfer of T cells relative to 6.5 ± 4.5 days in controls. This study demonstrated that our approach could protect pancreatic islet grafts from immune rejection and could potentially be applied to allotransplantation and prevention of the autoimmune recurrence of T1DM in islet transplantation or endogenous islets.
Regulation of p53 protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines (1993)

Mutation of the p53 gene is a common occurrence in human breast cancers but is by no means universal. However, even in tumours where the gene is not mutated altered levels of p53 protein are often detected. This is also observed in cell lines derived from human breast cancers. By transfecting such cell lines containing either wild type or mutant p53 genes with a temperature-sensitive mutant mouse p53 gene we have established that the cellular environment plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 protein expression. The results suggest that tumours that aberrantly express wild-type p53 may have lost the normal growth regulatory response to the protein and thus be functionally similar to those expressing the mutant protein.
The Prognostic Significance of the Number of Resected Lymph Nodes in Gastric Cancer Patients (2009)

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of the number of resected lymph nodes on the survival of gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection, and to evaluate the cut-off values that can have an influence on survival on the tumor stage-stratified analysis. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 949 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection at Korea University Medical Center from 1992 to 2002. They were classified according to the depth of tumor invasion, and the influence of the number of resected lymph nodes on survival was investigated. The cut-off value for the number of resected lymph nodes was determined as the smallest value that showed a significant survival difference. Results: The tumor size, location, lymph node stage, the number of metastatic lymph nodes and the number of resected lymph nodes were significantly different according to the tumor stage. The average number of resected lymph nodes was about 39, and it showed linear correlation with the number of metastatic lymph nodes. On the Cox proportional hazard model, the cut-off values of the number of resected lymph nodes, as corrected by the number of metastatic lymph nodes, was 14 for all the patients, 15 for the pT1 patients, 28 for the pT2 patients and 37 for the pT3 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Retrieving a number of lymph nodes that is more than the cut-off value could improve the survival of gastric cancer patients. Surgeons should also make efforts to perform an exact and thorough D2 lymph node dissection. Therefore, we urge surgeons to perform D2 dissection and pathologists should examine an certain exact number of lymph nodes.
Gunner Goggles: Implementing Augmented Reality into Medical Education. (2016)

There is evidence that both smartphone and tablet integration into medical education has been lacking. At the same time, there is a niche for augmented reality (AR) to improve this process through the enhancement of textbook learning. Gunner Goggles is an attempt to enhance textbook learning in shelf exam preparatory review with augmented reality. Here we describe our initial prototype and detail the process by which augmented reality was implemented into our textbook through Layar. We describe the unique functionalities of our textbook pages upon augmented reality implementation, which includes links, videos and 3D figures, and surveyed 24 third year medical students for their impression of the technology. Upon demonstrating an initial prototype textbook chapter, 100% (24/24) of students felt that augmented reality improved the quality of our textbook chapter as a learning tool. Of these students, 92% (22/24) agreed that their shelf exam review was inadequate and 19/24 (79%) felt that a completed Gunner Goggles product would have been a viable alternative to their shelf exam review. Thus, while students report interest in the integration of AR into medical education test prep, future investigation into how the use of AR can improve performance on exams is warranted.
Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue–associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills? (2019)

Creatine supplementation improved physical (strength endurance) and prolonged cognitive (Stroop accuracy) performance, yet it did not combat MF-induced impairments in short sport-specific psychomotor or cognitive (Flanker) performance. These results warrant further investigation in the potential role of creatine in combating the MF-associated decrements in prolonged (e.g., 90-min soccer game) sport performance and suggest a role of brain phosphocreatine in MF.
Some Low-Temperature Aging and Durability Aspects of Sulfur/Asphalt Concretes (1977)

Some low-temperature durability tests on two asphaltic concretes and similar concretes with sulfur-modified asphalt as the binder are described. The results of the tests indicate that sulfur-modified asphaltic concretes may be more durable and are potentially more economic than their unmodified asphalt counterparts.
Chromatin Compaction by a Polycomb Group Protein Complex (2004)

Polycomb group proteins preserve body patterning through development by maintaining transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes. A long-standing hypothesis is that silencing involves creating chromatin structure that is repressive to gene transcription. We demonstrate by electron microscopy that core components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 induce compaction of defined nucleosomal arrays. Compaction by Polycomb proteins requires nucleosomes but not histone tails. Each Polycomb complex can compact about three nucleosomes. A region of Posterior Sex Combs that is important for gene silencing in vivo is also important for chromatin compaction, linking the two activities. This mechanism of chromatin compaction might be central to stable gene silencing by the Polycomb group.
TimeZoom (2006)

In this paper we present TimeZoom, an interactive timeline widget to be combined with a tabular display of data in calendar, e-mail, project planning, or other applications. Different time levels are vertically stacked and can be smoothly zoomed, permitting arbitrary granularity of time units. In addition, single or multiple focus regions with various levels of detail can be defined to allow the display and comparison of time-dependent data, while preserving the overall context.
Isomerizing Olefin Metathesis as a Strategy To Access Defined Distributions of Unsaturated Compounds from Fatty Acids (2012)

The dimeric palladium(I) complex [Pd(μ-Br)(t)Bu(3)P](2) was found to possess unique activity for the catalytic double-bond migration within unsaturated compounds. This isomerization catalyst is fully compatible with state-of-the-art olefin metathesis catalysts. In the presence of bifunctional catalyst systems consisting of [Pd(μ-Br)(t)Bu(3)P](2) and NHC-indylidene ruthenium complexes, unsaturated compounds are continuously converted into equilibrium mixtures of double-bond isomers, which concurrently undergo catalytic olefin metathesis. Using such highly active catalyst systems, the isomerizing olefin metathesis becomes an efficient way to access defined distributions of unsaturated compounds from olefinic substrates. Computational models were designed to predict the outcome of such reactions. The synthetic utility of isomerizing metatheses is demonstrated by various new applications. Thus, the isomerizing self-metathesis of oleic and other fatty acids and esters provides olefins along with unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylates in distributions with adjustable widths. The cross-metathesis of two olefins with different chain lengths leads to regular distributions with a mean chain length that depends on the chain length of both starting materials and their ratio. The cross-metathesis of oleic acid with ethylene serves to access olefin blends with mean chain lengths below 18 carbons, while its analogous reaction with hex-3-enedioic acid gives unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with adjustable mean chain lengths as major products. Overall, the concept of isomerizing metatheses promises to open up new synthetic opportunities for the incorporation of oleochemicals as renewable feedstocks into the chemical value chain.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON Î‘-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING PROPERTIES OF TECOMA STANS L. (2015)

Objective: Tecomo. stans (T. stans) Â (L) are plants extensively used for the empirical treatment of diabetes mellitus. But the bark part of T. stans (L) has not been extensively studied for the anti-diabetic and antioxidant property. Hence the current study were designed to estimate the in vitro activity of I±-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant property from bark extracts of T stans using various solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol.Methods: In the current study crude extract of T stans L. bark part has been evaluated for In vitro I±-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity from hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract using standard methods.Results: Out of three solvents studied, methanol extract of T. stans L. (MeTs) showed 50% I±-glucosidase inhibition at the concentration of 645.20Â±2.79 I¼g/ml. The total phenolic content of MeTs was 206.81Â±1.11 mg of catechol equivalents/g extract. MeTs showed great scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 765.25Â±0.42 Âµg/ml), hydroxyl (IC50 245.12Â±1.41 I¼g/ml), nitric oxide (IC50 800.10Â±1.05Âµg/ml) and superoxide (IC50 595.15Â±0.59 Âµg/ml) radicals, as well as high reducing power. MeTs also showed a strong suppressive effect on lipid peroxidation (IC50 810.15Â±2.19 Âµg/ml). Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that MeTs has a significant potential to use as a natural a-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant agent.Â
Low-loss, broadband and high fabrication tolerant vertically tapered optical couplers for monolithic integration of Si_3N_4 and polymer waveguides (2017)

A low-loss, broadband and high fabrication tolerant optical coupler for the monolithic integration of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and polymer waveguides is designed and experimentally demonstrated. The coupler is based on the adiabatic vertical tapering of the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguides. Low-loss operation is experimentally verified at both 976 and 1460-1635 nm wavelengths. Measured losses per coupler are as low as 0.12 and 0.14 dB at 976 and 1550 nm, respectively, and below 0.2 dB at both wavelengths for lateral misalignments between the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and polymer waveguides up to 1.0 μm.
Modulation of the Ca <sup>2</sup> Permeable Cation Channel TRPV4 by Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases in Vascular Endothelium (2005)

TRPV4 is a broadly expressed Ca2+-permeable cation channel in the vanilloid subfamily of transient receptor potential channels. TRPV4 gates in response to a large variety of stimuli, including cell swelling, warm temperatures, the synthetic phorbol ester 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD), and the endogenous lipid arachidonic acid (AA). Activation by cell swelling and AA requires cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase activity to convert AA to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) such as 5,6-EET, 8,9-EET, which both act as direct TRPV4 agonists. To evaluate the role of TRPV4 and its modulation by the CYP pathway in vascular endothelial cells, we performed Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp measurements on mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) isolated from wild-type and TRPV4(-/-) mice. All TRPV4-activating stimuli induced robust Ca2+ responses in wild-type MAECs but not in MAECs isolated from TRPV4(-/-) mice. Upregulation of CYP2C expression by preincubation with nifedipine enhanced the responses to AA and cell swelling in wild-type MAECs, whereas responses to other stimuli remained unaffected. Conversely, inhibition of CYP2C9 activity with sulfaphenazole abolished the responses to AA and hypotonic solution (HTS). Moreover, suppression of EET hydrolysis using 1-adamantyl-3-cyclo-hexylurea or indomethacin, inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolases (sEHs), and cyclooxygenases, respectively, enhanced the TRPV4-dependent responses to AA, HTS, and EETs but not those to 4alpha-PDD or heat. Together, our data establish that CYP-derived EETs modulate the activity of TRPV4 channels in endothelial cells and shows the unraveling of novel modulatory pathways via CYP2C modulation and sEH inhibition.
Improving Patient Activity Schedules by Multi-agent Pareto Appointment Exchanging (2006)

We present a dynamic and distributed approach to the hospital patient scheduling problem: the multi-agent Pareto-improvement appointment exchanging algorithm, MPAEX. It respects the decentralization of scheduling authorities and is capable of continuously adjusting the different patient schedules in response to the dynamic environment. We present models of the hospital patient scheduling problem in terms of the "health care cycle" where a doctor repeatedly orders sets of activities (partial plans) to diagnose and/or treat a patient. We introduce the Theil index to the health care domain to characterize different hospital patient scheduling problems in terms of the degree of relative workload inequality between required resources. In experiments that simulate a broad range of stylized hospital patient scheduling problems, we extensively compare the performance of MPAEX to a set of heuristics. The distributed and dynamic MPAEX has performances almost as good as the best centralized and static scheduling heuristics
Stat5a serine 725 and 779 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for hematopoietic transformation (2010)

Stat5 transcription factors are essential gene regulators promoting proliferation, survival, and differentiation of all hematopoietic cell types. Mutations or fusions of oncogenic tyrosine kinases often result in constitutive Stat5 activation. We have modeled persistent Stat5 activity by using an oncogenic Stat5a variant (cS5). To analyze the hitherto unrecognized role of Stat5 serine phosphorylation in this context, we have generated cS5 constructs with mutated C-terminal serines 725 and 779, either alone or in combination. Genetic complementation assays in primary Stat5(null/null) mast cells and Stat5(DeltaN) T cells demonstrated reconstitution of proliferation with these mutants. Similarly, an in vivo reconstitution experiment of transduced Stat5(null/null) fetal liver cells transplanted into irradiated wild-type recipients revealed that these mutants exhibit biologic activity in lineage differentiation. By contrast, the leukemogenic potential of cS5 in bone marrow transplants decreased dramatically in cS5 single-serine mutants or was completely absent upon loss of both serine phosphorylation sites. Our data suggest that Stat5a serine phosphorylation is a prerequisite for cS5-mediated leukemogenesis. Hence, interference with Stat5a serine phosphorylation might provide a new therapeutic option for leukemia and myeloid dysplasias without affecting major functions of Stat5 in normal hematopoiesis.
Influence of Prosthetic Groups on Protein Folding and Subunit Assembly (1973)

Abstract Reconstitution of the α and β subunits of human hemoglobin from separated α- and β-globin chains is described. The absorption and circular dichroism spectra, sedimentation coefficients, and sulfhydryl reactivities of the reconstituted subunits are compared with those of native subunits, which are regenerated from their p-mercuribenzoate chains by a novel procedure. The reconstituted subunits specifically recombine with the complementary native ones. Each property of the α subunit agrees, within experimental uncertainty, with the corresponding one of the subunit from which heme was never removed. Thus, markedly disordered and aggregated α-globin is restored to the highly ordered, monomeric α subunit upon recombination with 1 eq of hemin or hemin dicyanide. The reconstituted β subunit also compares well with the native subunit, except for a minor difference in a portion of the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum and a diminished sulfhydryl reactivity. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. In the met form neither reconstituted subunit forms hemochromogen for several days, whereas the original met subunits become denatured within hours, probably owing to the necessity of exposing the latter, but not the former, to ferricyanide ion in producing the met forms. It is shown that while α- and β-globins do not combine at 4° (Yip, Y. K., Waks, M., and Beychok, S. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7237), recombination does occur if either chain contains heme. The recombination produces half-filled (HF) molecules which are of two kinds, depending on which chain contains heme. The moleclar weights of these molecules are different. HFα, the intermediate prepared by mixing α subunits with β-globin, is a dimer; HFβ, the intermediate containing heme on its β chains, is a tetramer. No interchange of heme among chains occurs in the cyanmet forms in either molecule. In each, moreover, the conformation of the heme-free chain differs from that of the same chain when unbound. Both HF molecules bind 1 eq of heme, producing tetrameric hemoglobin. The most dramatic finding in this work is that the disordered α-globin can be refolded not only by binding heme but also by combining with a β subunit, although the refolding in the latter case is not as complete as in the former. These results show that the primary sequences of the globin chains generate unstable conformations, which are stabilized by combination with heme. They demonstrate also that refolding of a polypeptide chain can be induced by interaction with a neighboring subunit in an assembly process.
Selective laser sintering of biocompatible polymers for applications in tissue engineering (2005)

The ability to use biological substitutes to repair or replace damaged tissues lead to the development of Tissue Engineering (TE), a field that is growing in scope and importance within biomedical engineering. Anchorage dependent cell types often rely on the use of temporary three-dimensional scaffolds to guide cell proliferation. Computer-controlled fabrication techniques such as Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes have been recognised to have an edge over conventional manual-based scaffold fabrication techniques due to their ability to create structures with complex macro- and micro-architectures. Despite the immense capabilities of RP fabrication for scaffold production, commercial available RP modelling materials are not biocompatible and are not suitable for direct use in the fabrication of scaffolds. Work is carried out with several biocompatible polymers such as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and a bioceramic namely, Hydroxyapatite (HA). The parameters of the selective laser sintering (SLS) process are optimised to cater to the processing of these materials. SLS-fabricated scaffold specimens are examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results observed from the micrographs indicate the viability of them being used for building TE scaffolds and ascertain the capabilities of the SLS process for creating highly porous scaffolds for Tissue Engineering applications.