gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Stability Enhancement of Titania Nanoparticles in Organic Solvent Using a Bead Mill Process (2009)

A stable dispersion of titania nanoparticles (primary size 15 nm) in an organic solvent of diethylene glycol dimethylether (diglyme) was successfully prepared using a bead milling process. In order to enhance dispersion stability of the solution, surface modification of dispersed titania particles was carried out during the centrifugal bead mill process. Surface modification was utilized with silane coupling agents, (3-acryl-oxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and trimethoxypropylsilane. The effects of surface modification at selected milling times on the morphology, mean particle size distribution, and degree of dispersion stability by means of zeta potential were investigated. The effect of titania concentration (1 wt %, 5 wt %, and 10 wt %) on the optical transmission properties was also examined. Finally, a solution with a high degree of dispersion stability with zeta potential up to 80 mV was obtained. The achievement of a decrease in average particle size to approximately the primary size of 15 nm and high dispersion stability has improved solution optical transparency at a corresponding concentration of titania particles. Surface-modified nanoparticles sustained their UV filter properties as desired in titania-based composites for optical applications.
An evaluation of the iHARP multiple instruction issue processor (2002)

The paper evaluates the architectural features of iHARP, a VLIW (very long instruction word) processor with an instruction issue rate of four, which has been developed at the University of Hertfordshire. One of the distinctive features of iHARP is the provision of Boolean guards on all instructions. Every iHARP instruction is only executed at run time if the attached Boolean guard is true. The paper evaluates the benefits of guarded instruction execution and quantifies its performance advantage. Other architectural features considered include instruction issue rate, code size, number of data cache ports, number of register file write ports, number of branch units and addressing mechanisms. The evaluation uses RLS, a resource limited instruction scheduler, specifically developed to statically reorder code for parallel execution on iHARP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Employing a Recombinant Antigen for Detection of Protective Antibody against Swine Erysipelas (2003)

The specificities and sensitivities of five recombinant proteins of the surface protective antigen (SpaA) of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were examined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the aim of developing a reliable serological test for the detection of protective antibody against E. rhusiopathiae. Fully mature protein and the N-terminal 416 amino acids (SpaA416) showed sufficient antigenicities, and further examination was done with SpaA416 because of its higher yield. The antibody titers of pigs experimentally immunized with commercial live vaccine and two types of inactivated vaccines clearly increased after immunization, and all pigs were completely protected against challenge with virulent strains. On the other hand, the antibody titers of nonimmunized control pigs remained very low until they were challenged, and all showed severe symptoms or subsequently died. Interference with the production of antibody against live vaccine by maternal antibody or porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection 1 week after vaccination was also clearly detected. Because the ELISA titer correlated well with the protection results, the specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were further evaluated with sera collected from pigs reared on 1 farm on which animals had acute septicemia, 2 farms on which the animals were infected or free from infection, and 10 farms on which the animals were vaccinated with live vaccine, among others. The ELISA titers clearly revealed the conditions of the herds. These results indicate that the SpaA416 ELISA is an effective method not only for evaluating pigs for the presence of protective antibody levels resulting from vaccination or maternal antibody but also for detecting antibody produced by natural infection. This test has important potential for the effective control of swine erysipelas.
Proximal and distal sites bind LuxR independently and activate expression of the <i>Vibrio harveyi lux</i> operon (1994)

The LuxR regulatory protein of Vibrio harveyi as well as the autoinducer molecule, N-(3-hydroxybutanoyl) homoserine lactone, are known to be required for expression of luminescence. Although LuxR has been implicated in the activation of the promoter of the lux operon of V. harveyi, and can bind to two distinct sites upstream of the transcription initiation start site, its mode of action is unknown. In the present experiments, mobility shift assays were used to demonstrate that LuxR bound to the distal and proximal sites in an independent rather than co-operative interaction with a much tighter binding to the distal site. Deletion mutation analyses of DNA upstream of the lux promoter followed by transconjugation into V. harveyi in trans using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene as a reporter demonstrated, however, that the proximal site for LuxR was absolutely critical for promoter activation while the distal LuxR site was only necessary for maximum activation. This result was confirmed by mutation of the proximal site which blocked activation of the lux promoter and binding of LuxR to this site, but did not prevent LuxR binding to the distal site.
Image Dehazing using Bilinear Composition Loss Function (2017)

In this paper, we introduce a bilinear composition loss function to address the problem of image dehazing. Previous methods in image dehazing use a two-stage approach which first estimate the transmission map followed by clear image estimation. The drawback of a two-stage method is that it tends to boost local image artifacts such as noise, aliasing and blocking. This is especially the case for heavy haze images captured with a low quality device. Our method is based on convolutional neural networks. Unique in our method is the bilinear composition loss function which directly model the correlations between transmission map, clear image, and atmospheric light. This allows errors to be back-propagated to each sub-network concurrently, while maintaining the composition constraint to avoid overfitting of each sub-network. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method using both synthetic and real world examples. Extensive experiments show that our method outperfoms state-of-the-art methods especially for haze images with severe noise level and compressions.
Role of Laser-Induced Plasma Formation in Pulsed Cellular Microsurgery and Micromanipulation (2002)

We investigate experimentally the physical processes underlying pulsed cellular microsurgery and micromanipulation using nanosecond 532- and 1064-nm laser pulses focused at high numerical aperture. We find that the laser parameters employed for many microirradiation techniques are congruent with those leading to optical breakdown in water. We determine the size and shape of the laser-induced plasma, pressure of the emitted shock wave, and size and energy of the cavitation bubble formed by the expanding plasma. We discuss implications of the results for biophysical microirradiation procedures.
Genetic Characterization of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh (2010)

Outbreaks of Vibrio vulnificus wound infections in Israel were previously attributed to tilapia aquaculture. In this study, V. vulnificus was frequently isolated from coastal but not freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains from Bangladesh differed remarkably from isolates commonly recovered elsewhere from fish or oysters and were more closely related to strains of clinical origin.
Genetic algorithms for large join query optimization (2007)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have long been used for large join query optimization (LJQO). Previous work takes all queries as based on one granularity to optimize GAs and compares their efficiency with other query optimization algorithms. However, we believe that large join queries are based on a granularity that is too large (1) to optimize GAs and (2) to compare the efficiency of different randomized optimization algorithms. Besides, while previous work only discusses the efficiency of basic GAs for LJQO, we believe that hybrid GAs reduce search space to improve GAs efficiency.
A Technical Assessment of Artificial Commutation of HVDC Converters with Series Capacitors (1968)

Artificial commutation with series capacitors, to extend the operation of mercury tube or solid-state converters beyond the normally attainable control angles, is analyzed in detail, and performance assessed for application to HVDC transmission. Operating characteristics are presented, including details of tube voltage stress and attainable range of control for particular capacitor values and system quantities. The repercussions of arc-back and commutation failure are discussed, and control requirements outlined.
The effects of accommodations on the achievements of students with hearing loss in online courses in science and various subjects (2016)

Most of the students with hearing loss believe online courses from various universities lack visual aids and accommodations. This led me to analyze the students' overall experiences and attitudes regarding the accommodations of online courses from eight different hearing universities nationwide. The purpose of this study was to determine if the accommodations in online courses were adequate for the students with hearing loss and if the accommodations benefited these students. Universities offering online courses are becoming more common and widespread, and it is imperative for these universities to ensure online courses are accommodating the needs of students with hearing loss. The data from the online students was gathered during the third week of November 2014 and again during the spring 2015 semester. Data from the instructors and service providers was collected at intervals during the spring 2015 semester. The structured interviews with the students were conducted by using the Student Interview Questions. Data about the participants were collected by administering the Student Accommodation and Online Learning Course Pre and Post-Survey to the students with hearing loss. The post-survey results were compared to the pre-survey results for improvements in students' attitudes toward online classes. The purpose of these interviews was to determine if there would be any correlation between instructor and service provider responses and the responses from the students from the pre and post-survey. The results of the Student Accommodation and Online Learning Course Pre-Survey from the fall and springs semester revealed the students' responses generally were positive. Responses slightly shifted between the pre and post-surveys. The result of the study revealed an increase in the average in the accommodation improving the learning from the online course from the beginning of the semester to the end of the semester. The students with hearing loss provided suggestions on how to make online courses more accessible. Overall, the results of my study were generally positive, but different institutions need to continue improving their technologies to make it more deaf friendly for the future students with hearing loss.
An efficient, fully adaptive deadlock recovery scheme (1995)

This paper presents a simple, efficient and cost effective routing strategy that considers deadlock recovery as opposed to prevention. Performance is optimized in the absence of deadlocks by allowing maximum flexibility in routing. Disha supports true fully adaptive routing where all virtual channels at each node are available to packets without regard for deadlocks. Deadlock cycles, upon forming, are efficiently broken by progressively routing one of the blocked packets through a deadlock-free lane. This lane is implemented using a central "floating" deadlock buffer resource in routers which is accessible to all neighboring routers along the path. Simulations show that the Disha scheme results in superior performance and is extremely simple, ensuring quick recovery from deadlocks and enabling the design of fast routers.
Compensation Pixel Circuit to Improve Image Quality for Mobile AMOLED Displays (2018)

This paper proposes a new pixel circuit using lowtemperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS TFTs) for use in mobile active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The purpose of a pixel circuit is to supply stable and uniform currents to current-driving devices of OLEDs. The proposed pixel circuit uses overlapping compensation times to extend the period of precise sensing of VTH variations of LTPS TFTs. Moreover, the proposed circuit prevents a current from flowing into an OLED when the OLED is not operated in the emission stage to avoid image flicker. An 1.3-in panel that uses the proposed pixel circuit is fabricated. Measurement results verify that the increased TCOMP of 33.3 μs results in higher contrast ratio and lower required data voltages than those at TCOMP values of 4.3 and 2.2 μs. Red, green, and blue images displayed by the fabricated panel with a TCOMP of 33.3 μs with a 255 gray level are all much more uniform than with TCOMPS of 4.3 and 2.2 μs. White images with a TCOMP of 33.3 μs for 16 and 8 gray levels on the fabricated panel confirm that the serious line and spot defects in the images with TCOMP values of 4.3 and 2.2 μs are effectively eliminated. Therefore, the proposed pixel circuit is suitable for use in mobile AMOLED displays.
Accurate, non-time-intensive evaluation of the stress-migration endurance for layered Al interconnects (1994)

A new method has been developed to evaluate the stress-migration (SM) endurance of layered Al interconnects stacked with refractory metals. The stress-migration endurance of layered interconnects has so far been evaluated in a manner similar to that for single layer interconnects, by monitoring the resistance change. However, in the case of layered interconnects it is hard to detect the resistance change by the conventional electrical method since the resistance change arising from void generation in the Al portion of the layered interconnect is negligibly small. In this work, a new method for monitoring stress relaxation characteristics in layered Al interconnects has been developed. A stress relaxation model based on creep deformation theory was applied and coupled with the Tezaki model to predict SM lifetime. The stress in interconnects was directly measured by the X-ray diffraction method. The stress relaxation ratio and SM lifetime were derived from the stress relaxation characteristics in the layered interconnect. The SM endurance of layered interconnects in multilevel interconnection structures was evaluated utilizing the new method. It was found for the first time that the SM endurance of the lower-most interconnect is the best in a multilevel interconnection structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intervention effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on chronic atrophic gastritis in rats (2002)

Objective To study on the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF) in intervention of gastric mucosa atrophy in early stage.Methods Fifteen rats administered by gastric gavage with 60% alcohol,20mmol/L deoxycholic acid Na-salt pure (DOC-Na) and 0.1% ammonia for 24 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups,rats in intervention group were injected subcutaneously with 10μg/kg weight EGF,one group was injected with normal saline and other group was used as control.Results Comparing to other two groups inflammation grades at gastric body and antrum in EGF group were lower,thickness of lamina propria mucosa,percentage of pyloric gland area to total lamina propria at antrum and number of parietal cell in one intact oxyntic gland at gastric body were higher.Conclusion EGF could intervene gastric mucosa from atrophy in early stage.
The value of exfoliative urine cytology in combination with flexible cystoscopy in the diagnosis of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (1996)

Urine cytology is a good adjunct to assessing the suitability of flexible cystoscopy in the follow-up of patients with transitional cell tumours.
Diminished metastasis in tetraspanin CD151–knockout mice (2011)

Tetraspanin protein CD151 on tumor cells supports invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we show that host animal CD151 also plays a critical role. CD151-null mice showed markedly diminished experimental lung metastasis after injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16F10 melanoma cells. Diminished tumor cell residence in the lungs was evident 6-24 hours after injection. Consistent with an endothelial cell deficiency, isolated CD151-null mouse lung endothelial cells showed diminished support for B16F10 adhesion and transendothelial migration, diminished B16F10-induced permeability, and diminished B16F10 adhesion to extracellular matrix deposited by CD151-null mouse lung endothelial cells. However, CD151 deletion did not affect the size of metastatic foci or subcutaneous primary B16F10 tumors, tumor aggregation, tumor clearance from the blood, or tumor-induced immune cell activation and recruitment. Therefore, the effects of host CD151 on metastasis do not involve altered local tumor growth or immune surveillance. VEGF-induced endothelial cell signaling through Src and Akt was diminished in CD151-null endothelial cells. However, deficient signaling was not accompanied by reduced endothelial permeability either in vitro (monolayer permeability assay) or in vivo (VEGF-stimulated Miles assay). In summary, diminished metastasis in CD151-null host animals may be due to impaired tumor-endothelial interactions, with underlying defects in mouse lung endothelial cell extracellular matrix production.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE YOREDALE SERIES AND THE MILLSTONE GRIT ON THE ASKRIGG BLOCK (1957)

Summary The uplift which gave rise to the Bowland Shale overstep at the southern end of the Askrigg Block was late P 2 (pre-E 1 ) in age. This movement had little effect on Yoredalian sedimentation. A later phase of uplift initiated the pre-Millstone Grit unconformity on the Block. The effect of this is very marked in the south, but on the northern margin the break is very slight, if existent at all. The beds above the break are everywhere of approximately the same age, late E 1 , and there is no evidence for a large scale overstep by the Millstone Grit. The basal Millstone Grit sandstone passes laterally northwards into Mirk Fell Ganister of Yoredale facies, but there is no indication of its lateral passage into any of the beds beneath the Mirk Fell Ganister. The Millstone Grit facies encroached farther northwards with time, for the Kettlepot Ganister horizon passes into beds of Yoredale facies in the Stainmore Syncline to the north of the block.
Sakai-Kasahara Key Encryption (SAKKE) (2012)

In this document the Sakai-Kasahara Identifier-Based Encryption
algorithm (SAKKE) is described. This uses Identifier-Based Encryption
to exchange a shared secret from a Sender to a Receiver.
Biosynthesis and Assembly of Capsular Polysaccharides in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

Capsules are protective structures on the surfaces of many bacteria. The remarkable structural diversity in capsular polysaccharides is illustrated by almost 80 capsular serotypes in Escherichia coli. Despite this variation, the range of strategies used for capsule biosynthesis and assembly is limited, and E. coli isolates provide critical prototypes for other bacterial species. Related pathways are also used for synthesis and export of other bacterial glycoconjugates and some enzymes/processes have counterparts in eukaryotes. In gram-negative bacteria, it is proposed that biosynthesis and translocation of capsular polysaccharides to the cell surface are temporally and spatially coupled by multiprotein complexes that span the cell envelope. These systems have an impact on both a general understanding of membrane trafficking in bacteria and on bacterial pathogenesis.
Divergent effects of exercise on metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle (1998)

The molecular signaling mechanisms by which muscle contractions lead to changes in glucose metabolism and gene expression remain largely undefined. We assessed whether exercise activates MAP kinase proteins (ERK1/2, SEK1, and p38 MAP kinase) as well as Akt and PYK2 in skeletal muscle from healthy volunteers obtained during and after one-leg cycle ergometry at approximately 70% VO2max. Exercise led to a marked increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which rapidly decreased to resting levels upon recovery. Exercise increased phosphorylation of SEK1 and p38 MAP kinase to a lesser extent than ERK1/2. In contrast to ERK1/2, p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation was increased in nonexercised muscle upon cessation of exercise. Phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB was increased in nonexercised muscle upon cessation of exercise. Exercise did not activate Akt or increase tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2. Thus, exercise has divergent effects on parallel MAP kinase pathways, of which only p38 demonstrated a systemic response. However, our data do not support a role of Akt or PYK2 in exercise/contraction-induced signaling in human skeletal. Activation of the different MAP kinase pathways by physical exercise appears to be important in the regulation of transcriptional events in skeletal muscle.
Sickle cell anemia patients have low erythropoietin levels for their degree of anemia (1986)

We have studied serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (SIE) levels in 28 patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) without renal insufficiency and in 17 patients with nonhemoglobinopathy anemias of comparable severity using a sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure. An exponential relationship between SIE level and degree of anemia was noted in all patients. However, in nonhemoglobinopathy anemia, a sharp rise in the SIE level occurred as hemoglobin (Hb) levels fell below about 12 g/dL, whereas in sickle cell patients the increase was not marked until hemoglobin fell to about 9 g/dL. The response was more blunted in older SCA patients than in younger ones. A linear regression model relating SIE level to Hb level, presence/absence of SCA, and age explained 63% of the variation in SIE. We conclude that the serum erythropoietin levels in SCA increased at a lower hemoglobin concentration and are of a lower magnitude than that of the other anemias.