gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regular Alumina Nanopillar Arrays (2002)

Arrays of alumina nanopillars with adjustable dimensions (see Figure for a representative example) are fabricated by simple chemical etching of porous anodic alumina with dilute NaOH. The diameter and height of the pillars, as well as interpillar spacing, are a function of the oxide layer thickness, which is controlled by anodizing time and voltage.
Role of Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Foam Cell Generation (1992)

Recently, we reported that human monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulates the clearance of lipoproteins containing apoB100 via both low density lipoprotein receptor-dependent and -independent pathways in target cells of M-CSF, and reduces plasma cholesterol level (Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265:12869-12875, 1990). This suggests a linkage of cytokines to the metabolic regulation of plasma cholesterol. Furthermore, we found a significant role of M-CSF in cholesterol metabolism of human monocyte-derived macrophages. M-CSF enhanced not only the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein and oxidized low density lipoprotein in macrophages, but also the efflux of cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded macrophages. To elucidate in vivo effects of M-CSF on cholesterol efflux from tissues, we administered an intravenous injection of 3H-cholesterol (150 microCi) into WHHL rabbits 1 month before starting M-CSF treatment. We observed an increased cholesterol efflux from tissues to plasma high density lipoprotein after M-CSF treatment when cholesterol efflux was estimated as the change in specific radioactivity of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. This result suggests that M-CSF can enhance the excretion of cholesterol from target cells of M-CSF, such as cholesterol-loaded macrophages in the arterial wall, and reduce the rate of atherogenesis.
Enzymatic synthesis of α3′sialylated and multiply α3fucosylated biantennary polylactosamines (1999)

Multifucosylated sialo-polylactosamines are known to be high affinity ligands for E-selectin. PSGL-1, the physiological ligand of P-selectin, is decorated in HL-60 cells by a sialylated and triply fucosylated polylactosamine that is believed to be of functional importance. Mimicking some of these saccharide structures, we have synthesized enzymatically a bivalent [sialyl diLex]-glycan, Neu5Acalpha2-3'Lexbeta1-3'Lexbeta1-3'(Neu5Acalpha2-3'Lexbeta1-3Lexbe ta1-6')LN [where Neu5Ac is N-acetylneuraminic acid, Lex is the trisaccharide Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc and LN is the disaccharide Galbeta1-4GlcNAc]. Several structurally related, novel polylactosamine glycans were also constructed. The inhibitory effects of these glycans on two L-selectin-dependent, lymphocyte-to-endothelium adhesion processes of rats were analysed in ex-vivo Stamper-Woodruff binding assays. The IC50 value of the bivalent [sialyl diLex]-glycan at lymph node high endothelium was 50 nm, but at the capillaries of rejecting cardiac allografts it was only 5 nm. At both adhesion sites, the inhibition was completely dependent on the presence of fucose units on the sialylated LN units of the inhibitor saccharide. These data show that the bivalent [sialyl diLex]-glycan is a high affinity ligand for L-selectin, and may reduce extravasation of lymphocytes at sites of inflammation in vivo without severely endangering the normal recirculation of lymphocytes via lymph nodes.
Dispossessed Sovereigns: How to Address them (1939)

Journal Article Dispossessed Sovereigns: How to Address them Get access Frederic Connett White Frederic Connett White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 176, Issue 1, 7 January 1939, Page 7, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/176.1.7e Published: 07 January 1939
The Perchlorate Reduction Genomic Island: Mechanisms and Pathways of Evolution by Horizontal Gene Transfer (2015)

These observations suggest a complex phylogenetic history where the island is rarely transferred at the class level but undergoes frequent and continuous transfer within narrow phylogenetic groups. This restricted transfer is seen directly by the independent integration of near-identical islands within a genus and indirectly due to the acquisition of lineage-specific accessory genes. The genomic reversibility of perchlorate reduction may present a unique equilibrium for a metabolism that confers a competitive advantage only in the presence of an electron acceptor, which although widely distributed, is generally present at low concentrations in nature.
The Singing Voice (2018)

The sound quality of singing is determined by three basic factors—the air pressure under the vocal folds (or the subglottal pressure), the mechanical properties of the vocal folds, and the resonance properties of the vocal tract. Subglottal pressure is controlled by the respiratory apparatus. It regulates vocal loudness and is varied with pitch in singing. Together with the mechanical properties of the folds, which are controlled by laryngeal muscles, it has a decisive influence on vocal fold vibrationswhich convert the tracheal airstream to a pulsating airflow, the voice source. The voice source determines pitch, vibrato, and register, and also the overall slope of the spectrum. The sound of the voice source is filtered by the resonances of the vocal tract, or the formants, of which the two lowest determine the vowel quality and the higher ones the personal voice quality. Timing is crucial for creating emotional expressivity; it uses an acoustic code that shows striking similarities to that used in speech. The perceived loudness of a vowel sound seems more closely related to the subglottal pressure with which it was produced than with the acoustical sound level. Some investigations of acoustical correlates of tone placement and variation of larynx height are described, as are properties that affect the perceived naturalness of synthesized singing. Finally, subglottal pressure, voice source, and formant-frequency characteristics of some non-classical styles of singing are discussed.
Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 2 (1997)

Working party: Mrs Bryony Close (Chair), Dr Keith Banister, Dr Vera Baumans, Dr Eva-Maria Bernoth, Dr Niall Bromage, Dr John Bunyan, Professor DrWolff Erhardt, Professor Paul Flecknell, Dr Neville Gregory, Professor Dr Hansjoachim Hackbarth, Professor David Morton & M r Clifford Warwick Correspondence to: Mrs BClose, Battleborough Croft, Battleborough Lane, Brent Knoll, Highbridge, SomersetTA9 4DS, UK
<i>In situ</i>measurements of HCl during plasma etching of poly-silicon using a diode laser absorption sensor (2003)

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to monitor hydrogen chloride (HCl) concentration in a commercial, high-density, low-pressure plasma reactor during plasma etching. A near-infrared diode laser is used to scan the P(4) transition in the first overtone of HCl near 1.79 m to measure changes in HCl levels. A variety of HBr and Cl 2 feedstock recipes are investigated at a process pressure of 10 mTorr as a function of rf power transformer coupled plasma, bias power and the total flow rate. Using 50 ms averaging and a signal modulation technique, we estimate a minimum detectivity of 4 10 -6 in peak absorbance, which corresponds to an HCl number density of 2 10 11 cm -3 . The diode-laser based HCl sensor is sufficiently sensitive to detect small concentration variations and HCl concentration correlates with poly-Si etch rate for the conditions studied. These measurements demonstrate the feasibility of a real-time diode laser-based sensor for etch rate monitoring and the potential for process control.
Sonographic prediction of gestational age: accuracy of second- and third-trimester fetal measurements. (1991)

We measured the accuracy of second- and third-trimester sonographic predictors of gestational age against highly reliable gold standard (crown-rump length) in a group of fetuses. Using a prospectively collected computerized data base, we selected 460 fetal sonograms obtained at 14-42 weeks of gestation in which age could be reliably established on the basis of crown-rump length in the first trimester. We used data obtained from these sonograms to compare several predictors of fetal age. The accuracy of all predictors worsened progressively as pregnancy proceeded. In the second trimester, corrected biparietal diameter and head circumference were more accurate predictors of gestational age than were biparietal diameter, femoral length, and abdominal circumference (p less than .05, F test). In the third trimester, the corrected biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femoral length were the best predictors, significantly better than biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference (p less than .05, F test). Prediction of gestational age that relies on a single sonographic measurement should be based on the head circumference or corrected biparietal diameter in the second trimester and on one of these two predictors or the femoral length in the third trimester.
Effect of Cissus quadrangularis in accelerating healing process of experimentally fractured radius-ulna of dog: A preliminary study (1994)

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn (CQ) on the healing process of experimentally fractured radius-ulna of dog. CQ treated animals revealed faster initiation of healing process than the control animals on radiological and histopathological examinations. The treated group also revealed a decrease in serum calcium level to a greater extent than the control group. Healing was almost complete on 21 st day of fracture in the treated animals and remained incomplete in the control animals. No significant alteration of serum calcium level was observed on 21 st day of fracture in both the groups.
A 1GHz-5mA/5V dual modulus GaAs prescaler IC (1985)

A 1GHz-5mA/5V 128/129 dual modulus GaAs prescaler IC has been developed by using a source coupled FET logic. A shallow n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> implantation-layer and slightly recessed gate technology is used in fabricating the prescaler IC. The technology gives high transconductance and low source resistance, resulting in low dissipation current of the IC. The chip size is 1.77mm × 1.10mm. 231 FET's, 85 diodes, 128 resistors and 2 capacitors are integrated in the chip. Extremely low IC current of 4.0mA is achieved with the maximum counting frequency f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cmax</inf> of 1.2GHz at a supply voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> of 5.0V. The f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cmax</inf> of 1.8GHz is also obtained with the IC current of 9.3mA.
Wall Slip Evaluation in Steady Shear Viscosity Measurements of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids (1985)

ABSTRACT The rheological properties of hydraulic fracturing fluids, commonly used in low permeability reservoirs, has been discussed extensively in recent years because of their importance in stimulation treatment design. Rheology of these systems is primarily determined in a coaxial cylinder viscometer and reported as apparent viscosity. However, many problems have been encountered in obtaining accurate measurements of crosslinked gels due to the fluid slipping at the solid boundaries of the bob and cup. This slip creates an unknown velocity profile across the flow field; in other words, the fluid experiences an unknown shear. Since viscosity, as well as job design parameters n' and K' are the direct result of shear rate and shear stress, determination of the actual shear rate experienced by the fluid is critical. Many instances have been observed where the steady shear measurements indicate that the fluid has little or no viscosity. Yet, accounting for slip at the walls, the fluid is still a viscous crosslinked gel. Only by determining the existence and extent of wall slip of fracturing systems and how to correct for it, can the steady shear data that are utilized in treatment design models be meaningful. This paper presents the application of a theory to determine 1). wall slip velocities in a coaxial cylinder viscometer 2). corrected shear rate not based on power law parameters and 3). true viscosity of crosslinked fracturing fluids. Data have been taken over a wide shear rate range to distinquish if wall slip is more prevalent at low or high shear rates. Data also show, that for certain mixing conditions of the polymer and crosslinking reagent, wall slip is very significant and the shear experienced by the fluid is less than expected, resulting in higher viscosity values. Methods of gel testing and preparation have been examined and those methods that minimize wall slip will be discussed. In addition, oscillatory shear measurements, which describe gel structure, are shown to further explain rheological behavior in steady shear. Viscosity values corrected for slip will be compared with viscosity values obtained on a closed loop pipe viscometer.
Comparison of the Steady‐State Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate and Valproate in Patients with Epilepsy During Monotherapy and Concomitant Therapy (1997)

Because changes in TPM and VPA pharmacokinetics were small, it is unlikely that their concomitant use will have a significant impact on the clinical condition of the patient.
The binding of a subunit of the general polyadenylation factor cleavage-polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) to polyadenylation sites changes during B cell development. (1995)

During the development of mouse B cells there is a regulated shift from the production of membrane (mb) to secretory-specific (sec) forms of immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA. The mRNAs are produced from one gene that is alternatively processed at the 3' end. We have previously shown that there is an increase in polyadenylation efficiency accompanying the developmentally regulated shift to secretory-specific forms of Ig mRNA by DNA transfection experiments (1). When we look in vitro at nuclear extracts prepared from early/memory versus late stage/plasma B cells, we see cell stage-specific differences in the proteins which are crosslinked to poly(A) site-containing RNAs. Here we show that one of these proteins is the mouse homologue of 100 kDa subunit of Hela CPSF by immunoprecipitation and Western analysis of UV crosslinked material. The amount of 100 kDa protein and its mobility on two-dimensional gels do not change between the B cell stages. However, the binding of the 100 kDa polypeptide to poly(A) sites increases in the late stage/plasma cell lines relative to the binding seen in early/memory cell lines. The increased binding may reflect an increase in polyadenylation efficiency at the sec poly(A) site in plasma cells versus early/memory cells seen in vivo.
Transformation of Isobutyl Alcohol to Aromatics over Zeolite-Based Catalysts (2012)

One-step transformation of isobutyl alcohol to aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene) has been studied in a gas phase, fixed-bed reactor system over several purely acidic zeolites and zeolite-supported metal catalysts. ZSM-5 zeolites give higher aromatics yields (∼42 wt %) among the evaluated zeolites, and the Si/Al ratios (Si/Al = 13–43) of ZSM-5 slightly influence their catalytic performances. During the transformation of isobutyl alcohol, large amounts of short alkanes (mainly propane and butane isomers) are also generated on the acidic ZSM-5. To improve the conversion to aromatics, several metal species (Zn, Ga, Mo, La, Ni, Ag, and Pt) are supported on the ZSM-5. The enhancements in aromatics yields (∼60 wt %) are observed only on the Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts. The incorporation of Zn species preferentially decreases the strong-strength Brønsted acidity and, thus, suppresses the cracking to C3 fragments. Moreover, mainly the Zn species at the exchange sites facilitate the recombinative desorption of H2 and, hence, enhance the reactions toward aromatics. Through these effects, Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit the remarkably promoted formation of toluene and xylene and inhibit the generation of undesired alkanes products.
A Fast and Precise Indoor Localization Algorithm Based on an Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (2015)

Nowadays, developing indoor positioning systems (IPSs) has become an attractive research topic due to the increasing demands on location-based service (LBS) in indoor environments. WiFi technology has been studied and explored to provide indoor positioning service for years in view of the wide deployment and availability of existing WiFi infrastructures in indoor environments. A large body of WiFi-based IPSs adopt fingerprinting approaches for localization. However, these IPSs suffer from two major problems: the intensive costs of manpower and time for offline site survey and the inflexibility to environmental dynamics. In this paper, we propose an indoor localization algorithm based on an online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) to address the above problems accordingly. The fast learning speed of OS-ELM can reduce the time and manpower costs for the offline site survey. Meanwhile, its online sequential learning ability enables the proposed localization algorithm to adapt in a timely manner to environmental dynamics. Experiments under specific environmental changes, such as variations of occupancy distribution and events of opening or closing of doors, are conducted to evaluate the performance of OS-ELM. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed localization algorithm can provide higher localization accuracy than traditional approaches, due to its fast adaptation to various environmental dynamics.
Type I Interferons Trigger Systemic, Partial Lymphocyte Activation in Response to Viral Infection (2005)

The vast majority of both T and B cells in mice were found to up-regulate cell surface expression of the early activation markers CD69 and CD86, but not CD25, within 24 h of infection with Semliki Forest virus. Kinetics and magnitude of activation marker expression was dependent on live virus, dose, and correlated with strain virulence. Activation marker expression declined to baseline levels over the next 96 h. This very early "activation" of such a high percentage of lymphocytes required the presence of type I IFN receptor genes, was inducible with poly(I:C), and correlated with IFN-I levels in serum. We conclude that virus-induced IFN-I release systemically affects most of the hosts T and B cells by triggering them rapidly and independently of Ag-reactivity into a semiactivated state.
Localization with enhanced location accuracy using RSSI in WSN (2011)

Recent advances in wireless communication, low power sensors and microcontrollers enable the deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks. A fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks is localization i.e. determination of geographical locations of sensor nodes. This paper addresses the problem of location discovery of the nodes in wireless sensor network. We propose a localization technique by means of which a sensor node can determine its location with enhanced accuracy by listening wireless transmissions from three or more beacons. The proposed method is based on RSSI technique that does not require any additional complexity in construction of the sensor nodes. Performance of the proposed localization scheme is compared with one of the existing schemes. Qualitative analysis is done considering communication, storage and computational overhead as performance metrics, whereas quantitative analysis is done considering localization error as a performance metric. The results confirm our scheme's supremacy over the competing scheme.
Corticolous myxomycetes from Turkey (2000)

Corticolous myxomycetes from Turkey
Transfemoral Amputations: The Effect of Residual Limb Length and Orientation on Gait Analysis Outcome Measures (2013)

The length of the residual femur substantially influences temporospatial and kinematic gait outcomes following transfemoral amputation, and appears to be more important than femoral orientation with regard to these parameters.
Advanced VLSI Architecture Design for Emerging Digital Systems (2014)

With physical feature sizes in VLSI designs decreasing rapidly, existing efficient architecture designs need be reexamined. Advanced VLSI architecture designs are required to further reduce power consumption, compress chip area, and speed up operating frequency for high performance integrated circuits. With time-to-market pressure and rising mask costs in the semiconductor industry, engineering change order (ECO) design methodology plays a main role in advanced chip design. Digital systems such as communication and multimedia applications demand for advanced VLSI architecture design methodologies so that low power consumption, small area overhead, high speed, and low cost can be achieved.
Structure-based drug design and modern medicine (2009)

Drug discovery has evolved through various stages into more rational and evidence-based drug designing. Compared to conventional methods which were time consuming and less logical, new drug designing based on structure is rational, evidence based, faster and more scientific in nature. In the era of modern medicine, where newer insights into molecular level of disease processes are available, it is very essential that drug designing be based on molecular mechanism of pathologic processes. Structure-based drug designing has made tremendous contributions in the field of cancer chemotherapy, drug resistant infections, neurological diseases, to mention a few. New drug discovery methods are furthered by developments in the technology especially computers, bioassay techniques and calibrated instruments. Computational structure-based drug designing opens the door to novel treatments in modern medicine.
Effects of AlSb interfaces on InAs/InAsSb type-II infrared superlattice material properties (2015)

Significant attention has recently been given to photoluminescence (PL) spectra and lifetime measurements on InAs/InAsSb superlattices, as high quality optical material with long carrier lifetimes are required for infrared detectors. The standard sample structure for PL measurements includes energy barriers to block photo-generated carriers from being lost through non-radiative recombination at interfaces between the superlattice and the surface or between the superlattice and the buffer/substrate. However, defect, surface, and/or interface states in AlSb, a commonly used barrier material, are known to contribute carriers to InAs quantum wells. Due to the similarity of the AlSb interface with the InAs/InAsSb superlattice, the effects of the barriers on the electrical and optical properties of the superlattice were investigated. Structures with AlSb barriers at the top and bottom of the superlattice, with no AlSb barriers, and with an AlSb barrier only at the top of the superlattice structure were studied. Hall Effect measurements revealed little change in the sheet carrier concentration at 10 K due to the barriers, but significant increases in low temperature mobility and a two-dimensional-like mobility temperature dependence were observed when barriers were present. Further high magnetic field measurements are necessary, however, to understand the transport properties of these samples due to the likelihood that multiple carriers are present. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were almost identical regardless of the barriers, except for a 15% increase in intensity with the AlSb barrier between the buffer layer and the superlattice. The surface AlSb barrier had little effect on the intensity. The barriers are therefore recommended for PL measurements to increase the signal intensity; however, they complicate the analysis of single-field Hall Effect measurements.