gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Through-wafer optical communication using monolithic InGaAs-on-Si LEDs and monolithic PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors (1991)

Through-wafer optical communication has been demonstrated in experiments employing two vertically stacked Si wafers, the upper one with In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As-In/sub 0.15/Al/sub 0.85/As double-heterostructure LEDs (light-emitting diodes) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on its top surface and the lower one with PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors fabricated on its bottom surface. Infrared radiation emitted by the LEDs in a band peaking at 1.12 mu m, just beyond the Si absorption edge, is transmitted through the upper Si wafer, focused with a 25-mm focal-length lens, transmitted through the lower Si wafer, and detected by the Pt-Si detectors. For a single LED-detector pair, the detector signal-to-noise ratio was 10:1 for an LED drive current, of 1 mA at room temperature. The results suggest that through-wafer communication using LEDs and Schottky-barrier detectors is a promising approach for optical interconnects in stacked wafer architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monoclonal Elisa for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Characterization of Antibodies and Assay Optimization (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoclonal Elisa for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Characterization of Antibodies and Assay OptimizationMilan Franek, Vladimir Kolar, Marta Granatova, and Zora NevorankovaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 6, 1369–1374Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00042a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00042a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strain relief mechanisms and the nature of dislocations in GaAs/Si heterostructures (1989)

The nucleation and glide of misfit dislocations in the GaAs/Si system has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. GaAs epilayers of different thicknesses were examined by electron microscopy (plan and cross section) and the elastic strain remaining in the film has been related to the average spacing of the misfit dislocations at the interface. The 1000-Å-thick GaAs epilayer contains mostly 60° misfit dislocations with an average spacing larger than the equilibrium dislocation spacing, which implies that the misfit strain is not fully relieved. The 2000-Å and thicker GaAs epilayers contain predominantly 90° misfit dislocations with an average spacing between the dislocations less than the equilibrium dislocation spacing. The formation of sessile 90° dislocations at the interface is explained on the basis of a reaction of two 60° dislocations. A model is developed based on minimum energy considerations to determine the strain-versus-thickness relationship. The theoretical predictions of strain relaxation are compared with experimental observations using high-resolution electron microscopy.
Bile-Mediated Aminoglycoside Sensitivity in <i>Lactobacillus</i> Species Likely Results from Increased Membrane Permeability Attributable to Cholic Acid (2004)

Few studies have been conducted on antimicrobial resistance in lactobacilli, presumably because of their nonpathogenic nature as anaerobic commensals. We assessed resistance in 43 type strains and isolates representing 14 species by using agar disk diffusion and MIC analysis in MRS medium. Most noteworthy were two general phenotypes displayed by nearly every strain tested: (i) they were more susceptible (up to 256-fold in some cases) to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became susceptible to aminoglycosides when assayed on agar medium containing 0.5% fractionated bovine bile (ox gall). Two-dimensional MIC analyses of one representative strain, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, at increasing concentrations of ox gall (0 to 30.3 mg/ml) displayed corresponding decreases in resistance to all of the aminoglycosides tested and ethidium bromide. This effect was clinically relevant, with the gentamicin MIC decreasing from >1,000 to 4 mug/ml in just 3.8 mg of ox gall per ml. In uptake studies at pH 6.5, [G-3H]gentamicin accumulation increased over control levels when cells of this strain were exposed to bile acids or reserpine but not when they were exposed to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The effect was dramatic, particularly with cholic acid, increasing up to 18-fold, whereas only modest increases, 3- and 5-fold, could be achieved with taurocholic acid and ox gall, respectively. Since L. plantarum, particularly strain WCFS1, is known to encode bile salt hydrolase (deconjugation) activity, our data indicate that mainly cholic acid, but not taurocholic acid, effectively permeabilizes the membrane to aminoglycosides. However, at pHs approaching neutral conditions in the intestinal lumen, aminoglycoside resistance due to membrane impermeability may be complemented by a potential efflux mechanism.
Lanthanum Trifluoride as a Membrane in a Reference Electrode for Use in Certain Molten Fluorides (1972)

A reference electrode system which utilizes the unique properties of a single crystal lanthanum trifluoride membrane, namely, negligible solubility and virtually 100% current transport by fluoride ions, was successfully used both for electroanalytical measurements and for obtaining thermodynamic data in certain fluoride melts of interest to the Molten Salt Breeder Reactor.
Sensitive Detection of Human Insulin Using a Designed Combined Pore Approach (2014)

A unique combined pore approach to the sensitive detection of human insulin is developed. Through a systematic study to understand the impact of pore size and surface chemistry of nanoporous materials on their enrichment and purification performance, the advantages of selected porous materials are integrated to enhance detection sensitivity in a unified two-step process. In the first purification step, a rationally designed large pore material (ca. 100 nm in diameter) is chosen to repel the interferences from nontarget molecules. In the second enrichment step, a hydrophobically modified mesoporous material with a pore size of 5 nm is selected to enrich insulin molecules. A low detection limit of 0.05 ng mL(-1) in artificial urine is achieved by this advanced approach, similar to most antibody-based analysis protocols. This designer approach is efficient and low cost, and thus has great potential in the sensitive detection of biomolecules in complex biological systems.
Dual-Band Channel Measurements for an Advanced Tyre Monitoring System (2010)

Due to the legal situation in some states and the beneficial effects on vehicular safety, fuel consumption and comfort issues, tyre pressure monitoring systems became very popular in the recent years. Despite this situation, few measurement data about the propagation channel between the sensor units and the vehicle's reader antenna are available, especially for frequency bands above 433MHz and for reader antennas mounted on the vehicle's bottom plate. In this contribution we present static channel measurements for an advanced tyre monitoring system (ATMS) in the 868MHz and the 2.45GHz bands, carried out with a vehicle equipped with a single dual-band receive antenna at the vehicle bottom. ATM systems obtain sensor data directly in the tyre, so the sensor unit antennas were placed at the tyre sidewalls.
Development of a new UV resonance Raman spectrometer for the 217–400-nm spectral region (1983)

The design and construction of a new UV resonance Raman spectrometer continuously tunable between 217–750 nm are described. The excitation source is based on a YAG laser which is frequency doubled or tripled to pump a dye laser. UV light is generated by nonlinear frequency doubling and mixing of the dye laser output or doubled output with the 1.06-μm YAG fundamental. The detection system utilizes an intensified Reticon multichannel array. Commercially available monochromators are modified to make them useful for UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Some sampling methodologies important for UV resonance Raman measurements are described. Examples of the sensitivity of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy are illustrated.
Monolithic Capillary Column Based Glycoproteomic Reactor for High-Sensitive Analysis of N-Glycoproteome (2013)

Despite the importance of protein N-glycosylation in a series of biological processes, in-depth characterization of protein glycosylation is still a challenge due to the high complexity of biological samples and the lacking of highly sensitive detection technologies. We developed a monolithic capillary column based glycoproteomic reactor enabling high-sensitive mapping of N-glycosylation sites from minute amounts of sample. Unlike the conventional proteomic reactors with only strong-cation exchange or hydrophilic-interaction chromatography columns, this novel glycoproteomic reactor was composed of an 8 cm long C12 hydrophobic monolithic capillary column for protein digestion and a 6 cm long organic-silica hybrid hydrophilic monolithic capillary column for glycopeptides enrichment and deglycosylation, which could complete whole-sample preparation including protein purification/desalting, tryptic digestion, enrichment, and deglycosylation of glycopeptides within about 3 h. The developed reactor exhibited high detection sensitivity in mapping of N-glycosylation sites by detection limit of horseradish peroxidase as low as 2.5 fmol. This reactor also demonstrated the ability in complex sample analysis, and in total, 486 unique N-glycosylation sites were reliably mapped in three replicate analyses of a protein sample extracted from ∼10(4) HeLa cells.
Motorization of a surgical microscope for intra‐operative navigation and intuitive control (2010)

The robotic system assists the surgeon, so that he can position the microscope precisely and repeatedly without interrupting the clinical workflow. The combination of manual und automatic control guarantees fast and flexible positioning during surgical procedures.
Prevention by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate of cardiac oxidative damage induced in mice by subchronic doxorubicin treatment. (1987)

An experimental model of mild, subchronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in mice was investigated by monitoring changes of biochemical parameters related to cell response against oxidative stress in both liver and heart. A specific increase of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme typical of the heart was observed for doxorubicin-treated mice. Lipid peroxidation, as evaluated by malondialdehyde determination, and catalase activity were greatly increased in heart and unaffected in liver. On the other hand, these changes can be considered as indicative of early heart damage induced by doxorubicin. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase values were not significantly altered by the treatment and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in both liver and heart. Administration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate strongly reduced the increase of plasma lactate dehydrogenase, heart lipid peroxidation, and heart catalase while no effect on the diagnostically irrelevant increase of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was observed. The inhibitory effect on the onset of biochemical modification typical of early subchronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity may be related to stimulation of ATP synthesis by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and is therapeutically promising in view of the lack of toxicity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as a drug.
A computer-assisted investigation of a 2-D array of Chua's circuits (1995)

This paper presents simulation results on a 2-D array of coupled Chua's circuits called an f(x)-x/spl dot/ coupled chaotic CNN in order to distinguish it from other recently proposed chaotic CNN architectures. Each isolated cell with unity self-feedback in the network is a Chua's circuit and is connected only to its nearest neighbors defined by a metric and a neighborhood size. The network is designed with a 2-D torus like connection topology having cyclic boundary conditions that play an important role in complete phase synchronization. It is observed in our computer simulations that i) depending on the choice of the intracell parameters and the connection weights, the cells of the network appear to be operating in a double-scroll Chua's attractor, in spiral Chua's attractors, in stable equilibria, in a period-1, a period-2, a large limit-cycle, or in a large chaotic regime, ii) complete phase synchronization in the network with all cells operating in the double scroll regime ran be obtained by a suitable choice of the intracell parameters and the feedback connection weights, iii) there is a set of the intracell parameters and connection weights resulting in a chaotic regime such that each cell depending on its constant external input falls into one of the three attractors; namely, the double-scroll, P/sup +/ spiral, or P/sup -/ spiral Chua's attractor. As a new phenomenon, a close relation between phase synchronization settling-time and input pattern is observed that offers new potentials of Chua's circuit arrays for pattern recognition applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reliability of electrolytic capacitors in computers (1953)

If any person would ask ten different electronic manufacturers whose equipments cover a wide variety of electronic circuits for their opinions of electrolytic capacitors, it is possible there would be ten different answers. These answers might range from: We use them all the time, and never have any trouble, to the extreme: We wouldn't use them under any circumstance. They are not reliable.
The Semen pH Affects Sperm Motility and Capacitation (2015)

As the chemical environment of semen can have a profound effect on sperm quality, we examined the effect of pH on the motility, viability and capacitation of human sperm. The sperm in this study was collected from healthy males to avoid interference from other factors. The spermatozoa cultured in sperm nutrition solution at pH 5.2, 6.2, 7.2 and 8.2 were analyzed for sperm total motility, progressive motility (PR), hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) rate, and sperm penetration. Our results showed that these parameters were similar in pH 7.2 and 8.2 sperm nutrition solutions, but decreased in pH 5.2 and 6.2 solutions. The HOS rate exhibited positive correlation with the sperm total motility and PR. In addition, the sperm Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity at different pHs was measured, and the enzyme activity was significantly lower in pH 5.2 and 6.2 media, comparing with that in pH 8.2 and pH 7.2 solutions. Using flow cytometry (FCM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) analysis, the intracellular Ca2(+ )concentrations of sperm cultured in sperm capacitation solution at pH 5.2, 6.2, 7.2 and 8.2 were determined. Compared with that at pH 7.2, the mean fluorescence intensity of sperm in pH 5.2 and 6.2 media decreased significantly, while that of pH 8.2 group showed no difference. Our results suggested that the declined Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity at acidic pHs result in decreased sperm movement and capacitation, which could be one of the mechanisms of male infertility.
The decreased expression of Beclin-1 correlates with progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma: the role of deoxycholic acid (2012)

Beclin-1 has a central role in the regulation of autophagy. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with a significantly increased risk for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In the current study, we evaluated the role of Beclin-1 and autophagy in the EAC. Biopsies obtained from patients with BE and EAC, tissues from a rat model of BE and EAC, and esophageal cell lines were evaluated for the expression of Beclin-1 by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, or RT-PCR. Since reflux of bile acids is important in EAC, we also evaluated the effect of exposure to deoxycholic acid (DCA) on autophagy and Beclin-1 expression. Beclin-1 expression was high in squamous epithelium and nondysplastic BE, whereas its expression was low in dysplastic BE and EAC. The same pattern of expression was observed in rat tissues and in esophageal cell lines. Normal esophageal epithelium and HET-1A cells (derived from normal squamous epithelium) show high levels of Beclin-1, but lower levels of Beclin-1 were found in BE and EAC cell lines (CP-A, CP-C, and OE33). Acute exposure to DCA led to increased Beclin-1 expression and increased autophagy as evaluated by electron microscopy and counting percentage of GFP-LC3-positive BE cells with punctate pattern. In contrast, chronic exposure to DCA did not result in the alteration of Beclin-1 levels or autophagy. In summary, these data suggest that autophagy is initially activated in response to bile acids, but chronic exposure to bile acids leads to decreased Beclin-1 expression and autophagy resistance.
Institutional differentiation and the accommodation of enrollment expansion in Brazil (1998)

This paper addresses the subject of institutional differentiation, i.e., the impact this differentiation may have on enrollment capacity, and the ability to absorb an anticipated enrollment expansion. Based on theory and experience, the report is focused on higher education in Brazil during the late 1990s, and stems from an international comparative study on the subject with perspectives on economics, finance, governance, and public policy. The report further discusses academics between and within institutions, and their relationships to Government, examining both the ownership range as well as the extent of government control. Following a review on the types of higher education institutions, the paper examines the enrollment expansion through an agenda analysis on reform, modernization, growth, and democratization. Recommendations are suggested for more effective federal roles in higher and post secondary education, where a strengthened differentiation would be better suited for an inevitable enrollment expansion.
Fluxon dynamics in long annular Josephson tunnel junctions (1998)

Single-fluxon dynamics has been experimentally investigated in high-quality $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{AlO}}_{x}/\mathrm{Nb}$ annular Josephson tunnel junctions having a radius much larger than the Josephson penetration depth. Strong evidence of self-field effects is observed. An external magnetic field in the barrier plane acts on the fluxon as a periodic potential and lowers its average speed. Further, the results of perturbative calculations do not fit the experimental current-voltage profile and, provided the temperature is low enough, this profile systematically shows pronounced deviations from the smooth predicted form. The deviations take the form of fine, hysteretic, almost equally spaced structures.
Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia. Physiology, indications, techniques, and limitations. (1992)

Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species under experimental and clinical conditions. Its advantage is that it precludes the need for depressant drugs, which could be especially useful in veterinary practice in very sick patients, geriatric patients, or in patients requiring Cesarean section. Disadvantages are that acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia involves an unfamiliar technique, requires special equipment, has inconsistent effects, and lacks restraint.
Ingrowth by photoreceptor axons induces transcription of a retrotransposon in the developing <i>Drosophila</i> brain (1994)

The development of the lamina, the first optic ganglion of the fly visual system, depends on inductive cues from the innervating photoreceptor axons. lacZ expression from a P-element insertion, A72, occurs in the anlage of the lamina coincident with axon ingrowth from the eye imaginal disc. In eyeless mutants lacking photoreceptor axons, lacZ expression did not occur. The P-element was found to have inserted within the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of a '17.6' type retrotransposon. The expression pattern of 17.6 transcripts in the brain in wild-type and eyeless mutants paralleled the expression of the lacZ reporter. Analysis of 17.6 cis-regulatory sequences indicates that the lamina-specific expression is due to the combined action of an enhancer element in the LTR and a repressor element within the internal body of the retrotransposon. The regulation of the 17.6 retrotransposon provides a model for the study of innervation-dependent gene expression in postsynaptic cells during neurogenesis.
Association of the CAMP phenomenon in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with the RTX toxins ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII (1994)

A non-hemolytic mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 has a deletion spanning the entire apxI operon. Therefore it does not produce ApxI and is unable to secrete ApxII. This mutant also has lost the co-hemolytic CAMP effect which is characteristic of the species A. pleuropneumoniae. The CAMP effect is restored when the mutant is complemented in trans by the apxIBD genes cloned in a broad host range vector, thus permitting secretion of ApxII, or when the entire apxI operon is cloned in the mutant, thus restoring the original toxin phenotype ApxI+ ApxII+. When the toxins ApxI, ApxII or ApxIII individually are expressed and secreted from E. coli harboring recombinant plasmids containing the genes apxICA and apxIBD or apxIICA and apxIBD or apxIIICABD, respectively, the distinct CAMP phenomenon is produced by the recombinant strains. The CAMP phenomenon is strongest by the recombinant E. coli strain expressing the non-hemolytic ApxIII, somewhat less when ApxI is expressed, and weak when ApxII is expressed. In A. pleuropneumoniae the CAMP phenomenon is also strongest in those serotypes which express ApxIII. The CAMP phenomenon of A. pleuropneumoniae is assumed to be directly caused by any of the RTX-toxins ApxI, ApxII or ApxIII. A previously reported gene from A. pleuropneumoniae, named cfp or hlyX, which provides E. coli strains with a hemolytic character and a CAMP phenomenon, shows high similarity to the E. coli global regulation gene fnr, and which is able to complement a delta fnr mutant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experiments on image texture classification with K-views classifier, Markov random fields and cooccurrence probabilities (2004)

We compared three image classifiers which incorporate contextual information to classify each pixel in the raw images in this study. These procedures incorporate contextual information by using different features and classify the pixel into one of several predefined classes based on these features. These spatial classifiers strive to capture the spatial relationships encoded in the aerial photograph. The determination of the window size is a challenging issue in these spatial classifiers. Preliminary experimental results are provided in this report.