gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcitriol, Lanthanum Carbonate, and Other New Phosphate Binders in the Management of Renal Osteodystrophy (1999)

T here is no doubt that hyperphosphatemia is an important contributor to the morbidity and mor tality of dialysis patients. An elevated serum phosphate level is well known to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism (1) and to decrease the efficacy of treatment with calcitriol (2); it is also one of the factors associated with radiologically visible vascular calcification (3). A recent study of the calcium x phosphate product in a large number of hemodialysis patients demonstrated that the relative risk of death for those with a serum phosphate level greater than 6.5 mg/dL was 1.27 relative to those with a lower level (4). The increased risk was not reduced by statistical adjustment for coexisting medical conditions, delivered dose of dialysis, PTH level, nutritional parameters, or markers of non compliance. The calcium x phosphate product showed a mortality trend similar to that of phosphate alone, with those patients having products greater than 72 mg2/dL2 showing a relative mortality risk of 1.34 compared to those with products less than 52 mg2/dL2. There is no doubt that tight control of serum phosphate is vitally important for any dialysis patient.
A PhoP/PhoQ-induced Lipase (PagL) That Catalyzes 3-O-Deacylation of Lipid A Precursors in Membranes ofSalmonella typhimurium (2001)

Pathogenic bacteria modify the structure of the lipid A portion of their lipopolysaccharide in response to environmental changes. Some lipid A modifications are important for virulence and resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The two-component system PhoP/PhoQ plays a central role in regulating lipid A modification. We now report the discovery of a PhoP/PhoQ-activated gene (pagL) in Salmonella typhimurium, encoding a deacylase that removes the R-3-hydroxymyristate moiety attached at position 3 of certain lipid A precursors. The deacylase gene (pagL) was identified by assaying for loss of deacylase activity in extracts of 14 random TnphoA::pag insertion mutants. The pagL gene encodes a protein of 185 amino acid residues unique to S. typhimurium and closely related organisms such as Salmonella typhi. Heterologous expression of pagL in Escherichia coli on plasmid pWLP21 results in loss of the R-3-hydroxymyristate moiety at position 3 in approximately 90% of the lipid A molecules but does not inhibit cell growth. PagL is synthesized with a 20-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide and is localized mainly in the outer membrane, as judged by assays of separated S. typhimurium membranes and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel analysis of membranes from E. coli cells that overexpress PagL. The function of PagL is unknown, given that S. typhimurium mutants lacking pagL display no obvious phenotypes, but PagL might nevertheless play a role in pathogenesis if it serves to modulate the cytokine response of an infected animal host.
Soft Impact Location Capability (SILC): Modeling Blind-Loaded and Plugged Impacts and Timing Statistics for the Polyphase Impact Detection Algorithm (2005)

This technical memo describes two milestones related to the ongoing development of a digital signal-processing (DSP) algorithm to detect and time-tag impacts: (1) the capability to generate synthetic blind-loaded and plugged (BL&P) impacts for testing and (2) timing accuracy statistics from the candidate DSP algorithm using the synthetic BL&P impacts as inputs.
A clinical evaluation of equipment which allows the partially sighted and blind to access computer–based information (1989)

Twenty-five visually handicapped people, including two who were completely blind, were trialled on recently developed equipment which enables such severely visually impaired people access to the modern computerised world. Twenty-one of the people found that such equipment would enhance their study, work and recreational capabilities and allow them to utilise computerised technology alongside their normally sighted peers. Two already had equipment sufficient for their needs, and two children were too young to require it at this stage.
Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Borylation: Construction of a Stereogenic Carbon Center Bearing Both CF<sub>3</sub> and Organoboron Functional Groups (2017)

Copper-catalyzed borylation of β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones was efficiently achieved by means of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B<sub>2</sub>pin<sub>2</sub>), affording the enantioenriched products in good yields with high enantioselectivities. CuI and (R,S)-Josiphos consist of the most efficient catalyst system under mild conditions. In the absence of the chiral ligand, the reactions could be performed more efficiently to form β-ketone derivatives which were directly borylated and indirectly trifluoromethylated at the β-carbon atom of the α,β-unsaturated ketone substrates. The present protocol provides a promising method to access a stereogenic carbon center bearing both CF<sub>3</sub> and organoboron functional groups.
The management of patients with the short bowel syndrome (2002)

The surgeon is invariably the primary specialist involved in managing patients with short bowel syndrome. Because of this they will play an important role in co-ordinating the management of these patients. The principal aims at the initial surgery are to preserve life, then to preserve gut length, and maintain its continuity. In the immediate postoperative period, there needs to be a balance between keeping the patient alive through the use of TPN and antisecretory agents and promoting gut adaptation with the use of oral nutrition. If the gut fails to adapt during this period, then the patient may require therapy with more specific agents to promote gut adaptation such as growth factors and glutamine. If following this, the patient still has a short gut syndrome, then the principal options remain either long term TPN, or intestinal transplantation which remains a difficult and challenging procedure with a high mortality and morbidity due to rejection.
Automatic partitioning and mapping of stream-based applications onto the Intel IXP Network processor (2007)

When studying the IXP Network processor architecture from Intel, we found quite some interesting aspects that make the IXP attractive for stream-based applications. The architecture is highly optimized for streaming data, albeit in the form of internet packets. Furthermore, the architecture has Gigabit Ethernet connectors for handling incoming and outgoing traffic and can process this data at real-time using dedicated microengines. In this paper, we try to answer three questions; 1) Can we use the IXP architecture for stream-based applications? 2) can we map applications written as a KPN onto an IXP? 3) can we integrate the generation of KPNs using the Compaan compiler with a tool flow that maps the KPN to an IXP, thereby make the programming of IXP much simpler? As will be shown, all three steps can be performed and we show that we can map automatically two non-internet stream-based applications (QR and DWT) onto the IXP.
Morir en el Saloon (1998)

Tras 15 anos padeciendo la tortura institucionalizada del pasillo de la muerte, Karla Tucker fue asesinada por el estado de Texas.
A Decision Tree System for Finding Genes in DNA (1998)

MORGAN is an integrated system for finding genes in vertebrate DNA sequences. MORGAN uses a variety of techniques to accomplish this task, the most distinctive of which is a decision tree classifier. The decision tree system is combined with new methods for identifying start codons, donor sites, and acceptor sites, and these are brought together in a frame-sensitive dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal segmentation of a DNA sequence into coding and noncoding regions (exons and introns). The optimal segmentation is dependent on a separate scoring function that takes a subsequence and assigns to it a score reflecting the probability that the sequence is an exon. The scoring functions in MORGAN are sets of decision trees that are combined to give a probability estimate. Experimental results on a database of 570 vertebrate DNA sequences show that MORGAN has excellent performance by many different measures. On a separate test set, it achieves an overall accuracy of 95 %, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78, and a sensitivity and specificity for coding bases of 83 % and 79%. In addition, MORGAN identifies 58% of coding exons exactly; i.e., both the beginning and end of the coding regions are predicted correctly. This paper describes the MORGAN system, including its decision tree routines and the algorithms for site recognition, and its performance on a benchmark database of vertebrate DNA.
FM Noise With Fading Channels and Diversity (1971)

The response of an FM discriminator to a fading signal is derived, taking into account the below-threshold noise and the effect of various diversity techniques. The effect of muting the discriminator output at low signal levels is considered and shown to achieve only marginal improvement. The diversity techniques considered are maximal-ratio combining, selection diversity, and equalgain combining. Only predetection combining is considered for the maximal-ratio and equal-gain techniques. The average SNR at the discriminator output is derived for each form of diversity, assuming that each diversity branch is independent of the others and subject to fading with a Rayleigh envelope distribution. Curves of average SNR plotted against the mean CNR in one branch are presented for various numbers of diversity branches and ratios of IF bandwidth and baseband bandwidth. The curves presented are for maximal-ratio combining only, but it is shown that the results for selection diversity and equal-gain combining may be obtained from these curves by simply applying a correction to the mean CNR. The theoretical results are supported by experimental measurements that show very close agreement with theory.
Audio-visual emotion recognition in adult attachment interview (2006)

Automatic multimodal recognition of spontaneous affective expressions is a largely unexplored and challenging problem. In this paper, we explore audio-visual emotion recognition in a realistic human conversation setting - Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Based on the assumption that facial expression and vocal expression be at the same coarse affective states, positive and negative emotion sequences are labeled according to Facial Action Coding System Emotion Codes. Facial texture in visual channel and prosody in audio channel are integrated in the framework of Adaboost multi-stream hidden Markov model (AMHMM) in which Adaboost learning scheme is used to build component HMM fusion. Our approach is evaluated in the preliminary AAI spontaneous emotion recognition experiments.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bimetallic Gold-Silver Core-Shell Nanoparticles: A Green Approach (2015)

Bimetallic gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction in aqueous solution, following a method that was friendly to the environment, allowing us to use this for medicinal purposes. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized, and silver cations were then reduced on the nanoparticles. Using the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, surface plasmon resonance was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the values obtained for gold and silver were approximately 520 nm and 400 nm in wavelength, respectively. The absorption peaks of the surface plasmon band show a clear red-shift due to size effect in the case of the silver surface, and a plasmon coupling effect, in the case of gold. To obtain a better understanding of the coating conditions, high resolution transmission electron microscopy was used. The average hydrodynamic size and the size distribution of the synthesized nanoparticles were obtained by dynamic light scattering. The development of this process, which is benign for the environment, opens the possibility for many applications in the areas of renewable energy, medicine and biology.
Expression Profile of Late Responsive Genes Induced by Spatial Learning Task: Involvement of Pathways in Locomotion and Memory (2013)

The altered molecular mechanisms by experimental therapies for neurodegenerative diseases itself could be overlapped with genes induced by the behavioral task. We employed the microarray platform to identify the differentially expressed late responsive genes in medial temporal lobes of four Morris Water Maze (MWM) trained and untrained BALB/c mice. After MWM training, the mice were sacrificed to obtain their brains’ medial temporal lobes. The total RNA was extracted from the tissues and global mRNA gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip ®Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array. There were 3635 (62.2%) up-regulated genes and 2206 (37.8%) down-regulated genes at p-values of < 0.05. These genes were operationally defined as late memory-related genes and behavior-related genes indicating that behavioral learning has a significant impact on the gene expression of the medial temporal lobes. From the pathway analysis, the network of memory and locomotion genes, and the guanylate cyclase pathway were identified as one of the most interesting pathways. The qPCR validation showed that the genes NMDA receptor 2a (Nmda2a) and cAMP dependent protein kinase type I beta regulatory subunit (Prkar1b) were up-regulated while adenylate cyclase 5 (Adcy5) was down-regulated. We proposed that the involvement of guanylate cyclase pathway in the long-term potentiation lasted at least up to three days after the MWM test. Present study suggested that the molecular mechanisms followed by spatial learning task could be altered up to three days or even longer, it could be overlapped with genes induced by further invented experimental therapy.
Transparent Er<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics with Long Optical Coherence Lifetime (2017)

Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) are used to synthesize transparent ceramics by hot isostatic pressing. Two sizes of NPs are studied, and 40 nm NPs show better performance than 200 nm NPs in transparent ceramics syntheses. The axial optical transmission through millimeter thickness of the prepared ceramics is about 80% in the wavelength range of 1000-2000 nm. For a sample with 11.5 ppm Er<sup>3+</sup>, the inhomogeneous broadening of the <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> to <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> transition for the C<sub>2</sub> site is as low as 0.42 GHz (full width at half-maximum), and the homogeneous line width is 11.2 kHz at a temperature of 2.5 K and in a 0.65 T magnetic field. This indicates that a majority of Er<sup>3+</sup> ions are sitting in sites with very low structural disorder.
Direct modeling of prosody: an overview of applications in automatic speech processing (2004)

We describe a "direct modeling" approach to using prosody in various speech technology tasks.The approach does not involve any hand-labeling or modeling of prosodic events such as pitch accents or boundary tones.Instead, prosodic features are extracted directly from the speech signal and from the output of an automatic speech recognizer.Machine learning techniques then determine a prosodic model, which is integrated with lexical and other information to predict the target classes of interest.We discuss task-specific modeling and results for a line of research covering four general application areas: (1) structural tagging (finding sentence boundaries, disfluencies), (2) pragmatic and paralinguistic tagging (classifying dialog acts, emotion, and "hot spots"), (3) speaker recognition, and (4) word recognition itself.To provide an idea of performance on realworld data, we focus on spontaneous (rather than read or acted) speech from a variety of contexts-including human-human telephone conversations, game-playing, human-computer dialog, and multi-party meetings.
Optimal loop scheduling for hiding memory latency based on two-level partitioning and prefetching (2001)

The large latency of memory accesses in modern computers is a key obstacle in achieving high processor utilization. As a result, a variety of techniques have been devised to hide this latency. These techniques range from cache hierarchies to various prefetching and memory management techniques for manipulating the data present in the caches. In DSP applications, the existence of large numbers of uniform nested loops makes the issue of loop scheduling very important. In this paper, we propose a new memory management technique that can be applied to computer architectures with three levels of memory, which is the scheme generally adopted in contemporary computer architectures. This technique takes advantage of access pattern information that is available at compile time by prefetching certain data elements from the higher level memory before they are explicitly requested by the lower level memory or CPU. It also maintains certain data for a period of time to prevent unnecessary data swapping. In order to take better advantage of the locality of references present in these loop structures, our technique introduces a new approach to memory management by partitioning it and reducing execution to each partition so that data locality is much improved compared with the usual pattern. These combined approaches-using a new set of memory instructions as well as partitioning the memory-lead to improvements in average execution times of approximately 35% over the one-level partition algorithm and more than 80% over list scheduling and hardware prefetching.
Sintering of Whisker‐Reinforced Ceramics and Glasses (1988)

The sintering rates of whisker‐reinforced ceramics and glasses have been calculated. The calculations reveal that retardation of sintering may occur because of the development of hydrostatic tensile stress in the matrix. The application of pressure to counteract the retardation and of an initial gap between the whisker and the matrix to delay material contact are addressed.
Angle--angle diagrams in the assessment of locomotion. (1980)

This paper includes original research relating to kinematic information presented in the form of knee-angle/hip-angle diagrams. Cyclic loops which had been utilized in the past mainly for their visual representation have been quantified using a shape recognition technique. Quantitative analyses of angle-angle diagrams associated with 5 normal subjects were carried out. The quantification and physical interpretations of the parameters extracted from the angle-angle diagrams provided a valuable adjunct to visual assessment of the gaits.
Sensory analysis of characterising flavours: evaluating tobacco product odours using an expert panel (2018)

An expert panel was successfully trained to assess characterising odours in cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco. This method could be applied to other product types such as e-cigarettes. Regulatory decisions on the choice of reference products and significance level are needed which directly influences the products being assessed as having a characterising odour.
Synthesis of aliphatic O-dimannosyl amino acid building blocks for solid-phase assembly of glycopeptide libraries (1995)

The preparation of α(1,2)-, α(1,3)- and α(1,6)-linked mannose disaccharides is described. The protected α-D-Man(1→3)-D-Man disaccharide was synthesized using the trichloroacetimidate method, while the Königs–Knorr procedure was employed in the preparation of the 1→2- and 1→6-linked disaccharides. Glycosylation of Nα-Fmoc-Ser-OPfp, Nα-Fmoc-Thr-OPfp and Nα-Fmoc-Hyp-OPfp with the dimannosyl bromides afforded the activated building blocks, in moderate to high yield, for direct use in solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptide libraries.
PSMA expression on neovasculature of solid tumors. (2020)

The use of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding agents, labelled with diagnostic and therapeutic radio-isotopes is opening the potential for a new era of personalized management of prostate carcinoma. A wide variety of immunohistochemistry studies have shown PSMA also to be upregulated on the endothelial cells of the neovasculature of a wide variety of other solid tumors where it may facilitate endothelial cell sprouting and invasion through its regulation of lytic proteases that have the ability to cleave the extracellular matrix. Similar to the introduction of PSMA-targeting theranostics in prostate carcinoma, overexpression of PSMA on newly formed tumor vessels may serve as a target for imaging and subsequent treatment of cancer through the use of agents that are capable of blocking PSMA in its function or through PSMA-mediated delivery of chemotherapeutics or radiation agents. In this review, the available data on PSMA expression on tumor neovasculature in human solid tumors assessed by using immunohistochemistry are discussed.
Cytokine gene expression profile distinguishes CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD57<sup>+</sup> T cells of the nodular lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's lymphoma from their tonsillar counterparts (2005)

Little is known about the cytokine profile of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) and the significance of the characteristic rosetting CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells. We analysed the T lymphocyte populations isolated from lymph node suspensions from five patients with NLPHL, two with follicular hyperplasia and progressive transformation of germinal centres (PTGC), three with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) and five with hyperplasia of the tonsil. We sorted the T cells based on expression of CD3, CD4 and CD57 by flow cytometry and evaluated the cytokine mRNA profiles of the T cells with quantitative RT-PCR. NLPHL cases were as rich in T cells as the CHL cases, but all NLPHL cases had a much higher frequency of CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells. In contrast to the CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells from tonsils, IL2 and IL4 mRNAs were consistently absent from the CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells of NLPHL. Even after stimulation, no IL4 transcripts could be detected in the CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells of NLPHL. On the other hand, IFNgamma transcripts were elevated in NLPHL and PTGC T cell subsets as compared to tonsillar T cell subsets. IL13 mRNA was exclusively produced by the T cells of CHL cases, indicating that IL13 may be a key cytokine in CHL. In conclusion, elevated levels of CD4(+)/CD57(+) T cells are characteristic of NLPHL and these T cells display a distinct cytokine mRNA profile.
Aerosol Polymyxin and Pneumonia in Seriously Ill Patients (1975)

Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with a mortality rate of 70 per cent. An aerosol of polymyxin B was administered (2.5 mg per kilogram per day) to the upper airways of 292 patients in a respiratory-surgical intensive-care unit during a seven-month period, in an attempt to prevent Ps. aeruginosa pneumonia. Although only one of the patients studied acquired pneumonia due to Ps. aeruginosa, 10 others acquired pneumonia caused by a polymysinx-resistant organism. Seven pneumonias were caused by organisms not frequently pathogenic to man (flavobacteria, serratia and Streptococcus faecalis). The mortality rate for acquired pneumonia in this study, 64 per cent, is greater than that in previous studies in which either no polymyxin or cyclic polymyxin therapy was used. Continuous use of polymyxin B aerosol appears to be a dangerous form of therapy.