gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Trading Agent and Simulator for Keyword Auctions (2004)

We describe the lessons learned in deploying an intelligent trading agent for electronic Pay-Per-Click keyword auctions. Our discussion focuses upon the technical challenges in developing the bid management framework - an extensive internet communications infrastructure and database used to query market quotes, store data, and submit bids. In addition to the production system, we have also built an auction simulator for demonstration and testing purposes. The simulator allows the specification of a population of competitor bidding agents as tiny C# programs, which are dynamically compiled at runtime and run in the simulation. Through this simulator we present scenarios which demonstrate both the richness of our trading agent, and also some interesting scenarios in electronic auctions.
Partial purification and characterization of tumor and liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetases. (1977)

The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activities of rat liver and Novikoff ascites tumor have been partially purified and characterized by chromatographic behavior, kinetic analysis, sulfhydryl dependency, and response to inhibitors. We have shown that the tumor contains a single form of the enzyme, with a Km (methionine) of 21 muM, and that the liver contains two isofunctional forms, a minor form with a Km (methionine) of 21 muM, as well as a major form with a Km of 1 mM. The tumor contained more of the low Km form of the enzyme than the liver, although the total enzyme activity of liver (measured at high substrate concentrations) exceeded that of the tumor severalfold. The tumor enzyme also corresponded to the minor form of liver enzyme in elution position from Sephadex G-150 and diethylamino-ethyl cellulose, and both had a Km (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) of 0.14 mM. The tumor enzyme differed from the major form of the liver enzymes in elution position, and the Km (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) for the latter was 1.5 mM. In contrast to the major liver enzyme, the tumor enzyme did not appear to require sulfhydryl agents for the activity to be detected, was inhibited by S-adenosylmethionine, and was inhibited to a greater degree by tripolyphosphate. It is suggested that the two forms of the enzyme are involved in the production of S-adenosylmethionine for different biological functions, and their different properties may allow selective inhibition of tumor growth by chemotherapeutic agents.
General and domain-specific techniques for detecting and recognizing superimposed text in video (2003)

We have developed generic and domain-specific video algorithms for caption text extraction and recognition in digital video. Our system includes several unique features: for caption box location, we combine the compressed-domain features derived from DCT coefficients and motion vectors. Long-term temporal consistency is employed to enhance localization performance. For character segmentation, we use a single-pass threshold free approach combining classification and projection to address noisy segmentation, text intensity variation, and algorithm complexity. In recognition, we use Zernike moments to achieve more accurate recognition performance. Finally, domain knowledge is explored and a statistical transition graph model is used to enhance recognition of domain-specific characters, such as ball counts and game score of baseball videos. The algorithms achieved real-time speed and significantly improved recognition accuracy. Furthermore, although the experiments were conducted in baseball videos only, these algorithms (except the transition model) are general and can be used in other applications, such as news and films.
Cellular interactions of therapeutically delivered nanoparticles (2011)

Surface charge and ligands tagged on the surface of NPs play a critical role in their uptake and interaction with cells; so surface modifications of NPs can offer increased drug delivery effectiveness, for example, the coupling of ligands on the surface of NPs can increase cellular binding, and NPs in biological fluids can be coated with proteins and as such can exert biological effects. All of the factors affecting NP uptake need to be investigated thoroughly before interpreting any NP-cellular interactions.
New Magnetic Anisotropy (1957)

A new type of magnetic anisotropy has been discovered which is best described as an exchange anisotropy. This anisotropy is the result of an interaction between an antiferromagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material. The material that exhibits this exchange anisotropy is a compact of fine particles of cobalt with a cobaltous oxide shell. The effect occurs only below the N\'eel temperature of the antiferromagnetic material, which is essentially room temperature for the cobaltous oxide. An exchange torque is inferred to exist between the metal and oxide which has a maximum value at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K of \ensuremath{\sim}2 dyne-cm/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ of interface.
Acidic buffer induced muscle pain evokes referred pain and mechanical hyperalgesia in humans (2008)

While tissue acidosis causes local deep-tissue pain, its effect on referred pain and mechanical muscle hyperalgesia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate a human experimental acidic muscle pain model using a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study design. Seventy-two subjects (36 female) participated in three visits, each involving one 15 min intramuscular infusion into the anterior tibialis muscle: acidic phosphate buffer (pH 5.2) at 40 ml/h (N=69) or 20 ml/h (N=54), normal phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) at 40 ml/h (N=70), or isotonic saline at 40 ml/h (N=19). Pain ratings and pressure sensitivity of superficial and deep tissues were assessed before, during, and 20 min after infusion. Acidic buffer produced light to moderate, rate-dependent, muscle pain (not sex-dependent) compared to the control infusions, that referred pain to the ankle in 80% of women and 40% of men. Pain did not vary across self-reported menstrual phases. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were reduced over the infused muscle with acidic infusion, defined as primary mechanical hyperalgesia. PPTs decreased at the ankle in those with referred pain in response to acidic buffer, i.e. referred mechanical hyperalgesia, but not at the foot. No pain or changes in PPTs occurred in the contralateral leg. These results demonstrate muscle acidosis can lead to local and referred pain and hyperalgesia, with significant sex differences in development of referred pain.
Take me by the hand (2010)

This paper compares two novel physical information displays, both of which allow for haptic, non-invasive, non-audiovisual information display: a shape-changing device and a weight-shifting device. As for their suitability in mobile navigation applications, the two haptic systems are compared against each other, and also against a GUI-based solution, which serves as a baseline. The results of the study indicate that the shape- and weight-based displays are less accurate than the GUI-based variant, but may be suitable for simple directional guidance (e.g. walking ahead, or turning left or right) and beneficial in terms of reaction times to visual cues (e.g. traffic lights). This paper concludes with an outlook towards potential future research activities in this field.
Short Polymers of Arginine Rapidly Translocate Into Vascular Cells (2002)

The present study was designed to determine the efficiency of translocation of short polymers of arginine into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and to determine their effect on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Immunostaining revealed that heptamers of L-arginine (R7) rapidly translocated into the VSMC. This rapid transport was not observed with shorter polymers of L-arginine (R5) nor heptamers of lysine (K7). Translocation of R7 was not inhibited by the addition of free L-arginine into the media. When cells were transiently pretreated with R7 or a nonamer of arginine (R9), NO(2) production from cytokine stimulated VSMC was significantly increased, whereas incubation with R5 and K7 had no effect. Short polymers of arginine not only have a unique ability of rapid VSMC translocation but once internalized enhance NO production. Heptamers (or larger polypeptides) of arginine may be useful in therapy to enhance NO production in the vascular system.
Analysis of bottom simulating reflector data (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Analysis of bottom simulating reflector dataAuthors: Subhashis MallickJeff LauveRicky WorkmanSubhashis MallickWestern Geophysical, Jeff LauveWestern Geophysical, and Ricky WorkmanWestern Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820495 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820495FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Subhashis Mallick, Jeff Lauve, and Ricky Workman, (1998), "Analysis of bottom simulating reflector data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 562-565. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820495 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Analysis of Novel User Detection Scheme Based on Polling for E-MBMS Networks (2008)

Multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) is an important part of the UTRAN evolution and supports downlink streaming and download-and-play type services to large groups of users. For enhanced MBMS (E-MBMS) under 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) system, there are two ways to transmissions being performed: multi-cell transmissions and single-cell transmissions. One requirement identified to be supported is that the capability of the network to detect at least one MBMS user interested receiving one given MBMS service in the cell which belongs to above scenarios. It is significant to avoid unnecessary MBMS transmission in a cell where there is no MBMS user especially for single-cell transmissions mode. In this investigation, a low complex method is discussed to solve the detection on MBMS interested users in one cell and we also introduce code diversity strategy into the feedback signal transmission. Theoretical analysis and simulation results all show that the efficiency of proposed detection scheme is obvious which can dramatically reduce the average MBMS service polling time and control overhead.
Metabolic Profiling of Bacteria by Unnatural C‐terminated <scp>D</scp>‐Amino Acids (2015)

Bacterial peptidoglycan is a mesh-like network comprised of sugars and oligopeptides. Transpeptidases cross-link peptidoglycan oligopeptides to provide vital cell wall rigidity and structural support. It was recently discovered that the same transpeptidases catalyze the metabolic incorporation of exogenous D-amino acids onto bacterial cell surfaces with vast promiscuity for the side-chain identity. It is now shown that this enzymatic promiscuity is not exclusive to side chains, but that C-terminus variations can also be accommodated across a diverse range of bacteria. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that the incorporation of C-terminus amidated D-amino acids onto bacterial surfaces substantially reduced the cell wall stiffness. We exploited the promiscuity of bacterial transpeptidases to develop a novel assay for profiling different bacterial species.
Tubulins as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: from Bench to Bedside (2012)

Tubulin is the target of some of the most widely used and time-honored anticancer tubulin-binding agents (TBAs). The clinical usefulness of many TBAs has been held back as a result of tumor cell drug-resistance. The elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of αβ-tubulin dimer has provided an opportunity for rational drug design aimed at generating compounds that will target tubulin in therapeutically more efficacious ways compared to presently available drugs. An issue to be addressed is which one(s) of the tubulin species, their isotypes, or their posttranslationally modified forms, should be specifically targeted in cancer chemotherapy. This review offers a critical appraisal of current knowledge on tubulins in cancer and an update on new anti-neoplastic microtubule-targeted treatment strategies. Specifically, it examines, across disciplines, cellular/molecular, biochemical, clinical/pathological, and pharmacological aspects of β-tubulin isotypes, posttranslational modifications of tubulin dimers, γ-tubulin and microtubule nucleation, and microtubule regulatory proteins. Emphasis is placed on the overexpression of (i) the βIII isotype, which functions as a survival factor associated with dynamic instability of microtubules; (ii) γ-tubulin, a key microtubule nucleating protein; and (iii) the microtubule severing enzyme spastin, involved in cell motility and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. The role of βIII-tubulin in resistance of cancer cells to taxanes is examined. Attention is called to the novel concept that βIII-tubulin functions as a "gateway" for prosurvival signals in partnership with GTPases, such as GBP1. Appraisal is also offered on epothilones and the concept of hypersensitization to TBAs as promising therapeutic strategies in taxane resistant epithelial cancers and in high-grade gliomas.
THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIAL FEMORAL ROTATION ON LATERAL PATELLAR TILT DURING WEIGHTBEARING AND NON-WEIGHTBEARING MOVEMENTS (2002)

Lateral tilting of the patella has been hypothesized as being contributory to excessive lateral pressure syndrome and patellofemoral pain (PFP). Previous work in our laboratory has suggested that the cause of patellar tilt (i.e. femoral versus patellar motion) may vary between weightbearing and non-weightbearing movements. PURPOSE: To quantify the contribution of patellar motion and femoral motion to patellar tilt angle during weight-bearing and non-weightbearing movements using kinematic MRI. METHODS: Six female subjects (8 knees) with documented patellar subluxation participated. Axial images of the patellofemoral joint were obtained using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging during active knee extension (non-weightbearing, 5% body weight resistance) and a unilateral squat (weightbearing) from 0° to 30° of knee flexion. Images were obtained dynamically in 3 increments. Measurements of patellar tilt angle (patella relative to the femur), medial/lateral patellar tilt (relative to the global reference frame), and medial/lateral femoral rotation (relative to the global reference frame) were obtained from mid-patellar images using a custom macro written for NIH image software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare patellar tilt angle, patellar tilt, and femoral rotation during the two movements. RESULTS: Maximum patellar tilt angle occurred at terminal knee extension during both movements, with greater values being observed in non-weightbearing compared to weightbearing (20.49 versus 14.89, p < 0.05). At terminal knee extension patellar tilt angle was more a function of medial femoral rotation during weightbearing than during non-weightbearing (14.19 versus 5.39, p < 0.05). Conversely, patellar tilt angle was more a function of lateral patellar tilt in non-weightbearing than weightbearing (15.09 versus 0.72, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the cause of patellar tilt relative to the femur is different during the weightbearing and non-weightbearing movements. Weightbearing movements are associated with medial femoral rotation underneath the femur, which causes relative lateral patellar tilt. In contrast non-weightbearing movements can be characterized by lateral patellar tilt over a relatively fixed femur. These findings suggest that clinical interventions aimed at controlling medial femoral rotation during weightbearing movements may be efficacious in improving patellar alignment in persons with PFP.
Thrombocytopenia and absent radius (TAR) syndrome. (1987)

Thrombocytopenia and absent radius (TAR) has become recognised as a relatively common congeni- tal anomaly syndrome characterised by hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (less than 100 000 platelets per mm3) and bilateral absence of the radius with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Initially the condition was considered to be a form of Fanconi's anaemia; however, by 1969 a total of 40 cases had been reported and it could be distinguished as a specific entity with a quite different natural history from Fanconi's anaemia.1 Subsequently, more than a hundred cases have been published from all over the world representing a broad spectrum of ethnic groups. A variety of interesting hypotheses has been made, but the pathogenic mechanisms producing the syndrome are still not understood. The clinical features of TAR include haematological abnormalities (of platelets, white cells, and possibly red cells), skeletal abnor- malities (primarily of both arms and legs), cardiac abnormalities (particularly tetralogy of Fallot and atrial septal defects), and cow's milk allergy or intolerance (leading to gastrointestinal disturb- ance in the first few years of life). A number of other unusual features have been described.
Carboxymethylated polyethylenimine-polymethylenepolyphenylene isocyanate chelating ion exchange resin preconcentration for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxymethylated polyethylenimine-polymethylenepolyphenylene isocyanate chelating ion exchange resin preconcentration for inductively coupled plasma spectrometryZ. Horvath and Ramon M. BarnesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 7, 1352–1355Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00298a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Water-Soluble Carbosiloxane Dendrimers (2001)

This article focuses on the preparation of water-soluble carbosiloxane dendrimers by the divergent growth method using repetitive hydrosilylation-alcoholysis cycles as well as ammonolysis and ionexchange reaction steps.
Quadrature Oscillators with Grounded Capacitors and Resistors Using FDCCIIs (2006)

Two current-mode and/or voltage-mode quadrature oscillator circuits each using one fully-differential secondgeneration current conveyor (FDCCII), two grounded capacitors, and two (or three) grounded resistors are presented. In the proposed circuits, the current-mode quadrature signals have the advantage of high-output impedance. The oscillation conditions and oscillation frequencies are orthogonally (or independently) controllable. The current-mode and voltage-mode quadrature signals can be simultaneously obtained from the second proposed circuit. The use of only grounded capacitors and resistors makes the proposed circuits ideal for integrated circuit implementation. Simulation results are also included.
Fast and reliable resampling detection by spectral analysis of fixed linear predictor residue (2008)

This paper revisits the state-of-the-art resampling detector, which is based on periodic artifacts in the residue of a local linear predictor. Inspired by recent findings from the literature, we take a closer look at the complex detection procedure and model the detected artifacts in the spatial and frequency domain by means of the variance of the prediction residue. We give an exact formulation on how transformation parameters influence the appearance of periodic artifacts and analytically derive the expected position of characteristic resampling peaks. We present an equivalent accelerated and simplified detector, which is orders of magnitudes faster than the conventional scheme and experimentally shown to be comparably reliable.
Preclinical and clinical researches of lenvatinib mesylate (Lenvima capsule), a novel antitumor agent approved for thyroid cancer treatment (2015)

レンバチニブメシル酸塩は，経口投与可能な受容体チロシンキナーゼ阻害薬であり，腫瘍の血管新生に関わる血管内皮増殖因子受容体（VEGFR）1～3，線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体（FGFR）1～4およびRearranged During Transfectionがん原遺伝子（RET）のチロシンキナーゼ活性を阻害する．In vitro血管新生モデルではVEGFおよびFGF誘導の血管新生を阻害し，様々なヒトがん細胞を移植したマウスモデルにおいて投与量依存的な抗腫瘍効果を示した．特にFGFRやRETに遺伝子変異を有する甲状腺がん細胞に対して強い抗腫瘍効果が認められたことから，レンバチニブは，VEGFR，FGFRによる血管新生と，FGFR，RETによるがん細胞の異常増殖の両方を阻害することで，強い抗腫瘍効果を発揮することが示唆された．臨床第Ⅰ相試験では甲状腺がん，子宮内膜がん，メラノーマ，腎細胞がん，軟部肉腫，結腸がん，卵巣がん，膵臓がんにおいて腫瘍縮小効果が認められ，主な毒性は高血圧，タンパク尿，疲労であった．放射性ヨウ素治療抵抗性・難治性の甲状腺分化がん（RR-DTC）および，甲状腺髄様がん（MTC）を対象とした第Ⅱ相試験において高い有効性が確認され，奏効率はそれぞれ50％，36％であった．この結果を受け，RR-DTC患者を対象にした第Ⅲ相試験（SELECT試験）が日本を含む21ヵ国で実施され，主要評価項目である無増悪生存期間（PFS）は，プラセボ群の3.6ヵ月に対しレンバチニブ群で18.3ヵ月であり，有意なPFS延長が証明された．さらに本邦で実施された第Ⅱ相試験では，RR-DTCとMTCに加え，難治性で予後不良の甲状腺未分化がんに対してもレンバチニブの有効性が確認されている．その結果本年3月に，本邦にて「根治切除不能な甲状腺癌」を適応症として承認された．現在，肝がん，腎がん，肺がんを対象にした試験も進行中であり，治療薬の限られたがん患者に希望をもたらす新薬になると期待される．
Exact and approximate solutions of the perspective-three-point problem (1992)

Model-based pose estimation techniques that match image and model triangles require large numbers of matching operations in real-world applications. The authors show that by using approximations to perspective, 2D lookup tables can be built for each of the triangles of the models. An approximation called 'weak perspective' has been applied previously to this problem; the authors consider two other perspective approximations: paraperspective and orthoperspective. These approximations produce lower errors for off-center image features than weak perspective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Cross-Linked Polymer Nanogels: A Versatile Nanoscopic Drug Delivery Platform (2010)

Nanoscopic vehicles that stably encapsulate drug molecules and release them in response to a specific trigger are of great interest due to implications in therapeutic applications, especially for cancer therapy. For this purpose, we have synthesized highly stable polymeric nanogels, in which the kinetics of guest molecule release can be fine-tuned by control over cross-linking density. The polymer nanogel precursor is based on a random copolymer that contains oligoethyleneglycol (OEG) and pyridyldisulfide (PDS) units as side-chain functionalities. By introducing variations into the precursor polymer, such as molecular weight and the relative percentages of hydrophilic OEG units and hydrophobic PDS functionalities, we have achieved significant control over nanogel size. We show that the noncovalently encapsulated guest molecules can be released in response to a redox trigger, glutathione (GSH). Stability of dye encapsulation inside the nanogels and tunability in the release of guest molecules have been demonstrated through in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. We show in vitro doxorubicin delivery into breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with nanogels of different cross-linking density to demonstrate that it plays a key role in the stable encapsulation of hydrophobic drug molecules and the cell-uptake efficiencies.