gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of dantrolene in an <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> model of myocardial reperfusion injury (2000)

Dantrolene reduced CKR, indicating an attenuation of lethal cellular reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. However, in the rabbit in vivo, there was no effect on the extent of reperfusion injury after regional myocardial ischemia.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of high-remanence Nd/sub 5/Fe/sub 71.5/Co/sub 5/B/sub 18.5/M (M=Al, Si, Ga, Ag, Au) rapidly solidified and crystallized alloys for resin-bonded magnets (1993)

High-remanence, isotropic magnetic powder of a low rare earth content is developed for resin-bonded magnet applications. The materials are based on a metastable Fe(Fe, Co)/sub 3/B-Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B nanocrystalline mixture with the addition of a small amount of one of Al, Si, Cu, Ga, Ag, and Au. The effects of the additives on the microstructure are investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the additives considerably reduce grain sizes, which results in improvements in the hysteresis squareness of the material. The magnetic properties of a bonded magnet produced from Nd/sub 4.5/Fe/sub 73/Co/sub 3/Ga/sub 1/B/sub 18.5/ are described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutation of a Gene Encoding a Protein with Extracellular Matrix Motifs in Usher Syndrome Type IIa (1998)

Usher syndrome type IIa (OMIM 276901), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss and progressive retinitis pigmentosa, maps to the long arm of human chromosome 1q41 between markers AFM268ZD1 and AFM144XF2. Three biologically important mutations in Usher syndrome type IIa patients were identified in a gene ( USH2A ) isolated from this critical region. The USH2A gene encodes a protein with a predicted size of 171.5 kilodaltons that has laminin epidermal growth factor and fibronectin type III motifs; these motifs are most commonly observed in proteins comprising components of the basal lamina and extracellular matrixes and in cell adhesion molecules.
Time reversal acoustic approach for non-lethal swimmer deterrent. (2010)

Protection against surface and underwater threats from swimmers constitutes one of the most challenging aspects of port security. The envisioned risk mitigation consist of passive acoustic detection and localization and active diver deterrent, which can be done by focusing high intensity acoustic waves. The main goal of this study is to explore the possibility of using the time reversal acoustics (TRA) sound focusing system for non-lethal swimmer neutralization. This breakthrough technology enables the precision targeting of a hostile diver with minimum impact to the marine environments. The acoustic noise radiated by the diver is used to focus the acoustic energy, while the moving diver acts as an active self-disclosing acoustic beacon. In a shallow water environment the radiated noise, direct and multi-path interference, is rich and is exploited through the use of TRA. The effectiveness of the TRA focusing and the diver deterrence zone are modeled taking into consideration the frequency range, harbour depth, and geometry of the transducer array. The real diver noise and hydroacoustic signature parameters collected by Stevens Institute of Technology are used in the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that outside the focal region, the TRA system produces acoustic intensities that are not harmful for marine life.
Regulation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity during exercise (1989)

The levels of the branched-chain amino and oxo acids were measured in muscle and plasma after exercise and 10 min postexercise. Leucine was increased in both muscle and plasma after exercise and 10 min postexercise. The muscle levels of the branched-chain oxo acids were not increased immediately after exercise but were increased 10 min postexercise. Exercise caused a large increase in the plasma levels of the oxo acids of leucine and isoleucine that was further increased 10 min postexercise. The activity of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (BCOAD) was increased immediately after exercise but returned to the control value by 10 min postexercise. The lack of correlation between the muscle and plasma levels of the branched-chain amino and oxo acids and BCOAD activity suggests that these amino and oxo acids are not the primary physiological regulators of BCOAD activity during exercise. On the other hand, an excellent correlation was found between the muscle ATP level and BCOAD activity, with the ATP content decreasing in tandem with an increase in BCOAD activity during exercise and decreasing during the recovery period after exercise.
Evaluation of Powdered Scoria Rocks from Various Volcanic Lava Fields as Cementitious Material (2015)

In this study, the large deposits of volcanic scoria rocks (SRs) of the Arabian Peninsula were investigated as cement replacement materials. The powdered SRs procured from three separate regions (SR1, SR2, and SR3) were incorporated in concrete mixtures at three replacement levels (10%, 20% ,and 30%, by cement weight). Additionally, two reference concrete mixtures with silica fume (SF) and ground quartz sand (GS) were fabricated for benchmarking. Fresh properties, compressive strength, chloride-ion penetration resistance, and pore-size distribution from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were obtained. Microstructural and elemental spot analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses of samples from concrete mixtures were performed. The results showed that powdered SR samples exhibit clear variations in morphology and mineralogical compositions depending on the volcanic lava field. The strength activity index (SAI) of SR3 was higher than SR1 and SR2 indicating higher pozzolanic reactivity. The compressive strength of concrete mixtures incorporating SRs is affected by both SR source and its replacement level. SR mixtures yielded improved chloride-ion penetration resistance compared with GS and control mixtures but much lower than SF. The microstructural analyses revealed that SR3 particles have higher pozzolanic reactivity than SR1 and SR2.
Auction sequence as a new resource allocation mechanism (2006)

This paper presents a spatially distributed and dynamic billing, pricing and allocation mechanism for which a user terminal requires Cognitive Radio abilities. That is, the Cognitive Radio abilities will be applied to the economical environment. The radio resource goods are allocated to the users by a multi-unit sealed-bid auction.Intelligent entities like the bidding strategy have to represent operator's and users' behavior and make decisions for them in order to fulfill the preferences and QoS. The main functionalities, used to execute the dynamic auction sequence and located in the MAC are described, assuming the entities are aware of Cognitive Radio abilities.
The Development of Anti-Cruelty Laws During the 1800s (1993)

Article published in the Detroit College of Law Review.
Improved fast scanning delay line in optical coherence tomography applications utilizing fiber stretcher (2008)

We demonstrate an improved fiber-stretcher-based scanning delay line in terms of both the scanning speed and the delay range. Such a module is essential to optical coherence tomography (OCT) applications. An 18-mm delay range at 2-kHz scanning frequency is achieved and verified in a dental OCT setup. Repeatability and reliability of the new design are further evaluated through multiple trials within days. The results confirm its feasibility into practical applications.
Unique susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to simethicone emulsifiers in alimentary therapeutic agents (1996)

Helicobacter pylori is killed in vitro by polyoxyethylene acyl esters and ethers similar to simethicone emulsifiers in therapeutic antifoams. The MBC of these compounds for Helicobacter pylori was less than 20 micrograms/ml, while other gram-negative bacteria were unaffected by much higher concentrations of up to 50 mg/ml.
A sequence motif involved in the donor substrate binding by  1,6-fucosyltransferase: the role of the conserved arginine residues (2000)

Alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of an N-linked oligosaccharide. In order to identify the amino acid residue(s) which are associated with the enzyme activity and to investigate their function, we prepared a series of mutant human alpha1,6-fucosyltransferases in which the conserved residues in the region homologous to alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase had been replaced. These proteins were then characterized by kinetic analyses. The wild-type and mutant alpha1,6-fucosyltransferases were expressed using a baculovirus-insect cell system. The activity assay showed that replacement of Arg-365 by Ala or Lys led to a complete loss of activity while substitution of Ala or Lys for the neighboring Arg-366 decreased the activity to about 3% that of the wild type. Kinetic analyses revealed that the replacements of Arg-366 lead to an increase in the apparent K (m) value for both GDP-fucose and the acceptor oligosaccharide but did not markedly affect the apparent V (max). When these mutants were inhibited by GDP in a competitive manner with respect to the donor substrate, the K (i) values were found to be 50-100 times higher than the value in the wild type. On the other hand, in the inhibition by GMP, the K (i) values for the mutants were very similar to that of the wild type. These findings suggest that Arg-366 contributes to the binding of GDP-fucose via an interaction with the beta-phosphoryl group of the GDP moiety of the donor, and that Arg-365 may also play an essential role in substrate binding. The results suggest that the motif common to alpha1,2- and alpha1,6-fucosyltransferases is critical for binding of the donor substrate, GDP-fucose.
[Effect of PLK1 gene silence on cell cycle, proliferation and drug resistance in K562/A02 cells]. (2006)

The study was purposed to investigate the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) gene on cell cycle progression, proliferation and drug resistance in K562/A02 cells. siRNA plasmid vector specifically targeting PLK1 gene with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was transfected into K562/A02 cells. Expressions of PLK1 mRNA and protein were assayed by RT-PCR and Western-blot; cell proliferation was evaluated by direct cell counting after trypan blue staining. Cell cycle and intracellular adriamycin (ADM) accumulation was determined by flow cytometry; 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of ADM on K562/A02 cells was determined by MTT method. The results showed that, as compared with control cells, siRNA plasmid reduced PLK1 mRNA expression by (34.7 +/- 2.1)% for 24 hours and by (56.6 +/- 1.5)% for 48 hours, PLK1 protein significantly decreased simultaneously by (49.9 +/- 3.2)% and by (62.1 +/- 1.7)%. After being transfected for 24 and 48 hours, the rate of survival cells decreased by 30% and 59% respectively. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the ratio of K562/A02 cells at G2/M increased by 2.77-fold, at the same time, intracellular ADM accumulation increased and the relative efficiency of K562/A02 cells to ADM was 73.8%. It is concluded that PLK1 gene silence can inhibit K562/A02 cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M, and increase intracellular ADM accumulation, so that enhance cell sensitivity to ADM.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Radiographic Features of 36 Probable Cases (2004)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiographic manifestations and sequential changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The chest radiographs obtained in 36 patients with probable SARS were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic features, including the patterns, distribution, and extent of involvement, were documented and sequential radiographic changes were evaluated through comparisons of the evolving density, extent, and number of lesions. Initial chest radiographs were abnormal in 30 of 36 (83%) patients and showed air-space opacity. Unifocal (13 of 30, 44%) or bilateral multifocal involvement (15 of 30, 50%) was more commonly observed. Of the total 49 lesions in 30 patients, it appeared more frequently in the lower lung zone (28 of 49, 58%), as well as in the mixed central and peripheral regions (26 of 49, 53%). There was no evidence of cavitation, adenopathy, or pleural effusion on any of the initial chest radiographs. Except for two patients without significant abnormality, four patterns of sequential radiographic changes were recognized: type 1 (progressive improvement) in 4 of 34 patients (12%), type 2 (initial worsening followed by progressive improvement) in 14 patients (41%), type 3 (fluctuating changes) in 13 patients (38%), and type 4 (progressive worsening) in 3 patients (9%). Although SARS had a variety of radiographic appearances, typical findings were predominantly unifocal or multifocal air-space opacity, lower lobe predominance, and lack of cavitation, adenopathy, and pleural effusion.
<title>Novel polymers based on poly(fluorene)s for LED applications</title> (1999)

The emission color stability of poly(fluorene) derivatives upon thermal annealing or passage of current in an electroluminescent device is affected by the polymer molecular wight, the structure of the main chain polymer unit and particularly by the polymer chain end substituents. Proper attention to these features leads to colorfast blue emission in both photo and electroluminescence. Furthermore, the spectral emission characteristics can be tuned by the incorporation of various comonomers. Preliminary single layer device studies validate the potential utility of poly(fluorene) homo and copolymers for OLED applications.
PET Attenuation Correction Using Synthetic CT from Ultrashort Echo-Time MR Imaging (2014)

A patch-matching approach to synthesize CT images from dual-echo UTE images leads to significantly improved accuracy of PET reconstruction as compared with actual CT scans. The PET reconstruction is improved over segmentation- (Dixon and Siemens UTE) and registration-based methods, even in subjects with pathologic findings.
The interaction of tumour‐localizing porphyrins with collagen, elastin, gelatin, fibrin and fibrinogen (1985)

We have already reported in Balb C mouse transplantable mammary carcinoma, that uroporphyrin I and III are superior as tumour localizers when compared to hematoporphyrin derivative and a derivative thereof, photofrin II. This study compares the binding of porphyrins to proteins which may be found in tumour cells or stroma to investigate whether there is a common binding determinant. Coproporphyrin III and deuteroporphyrin IX which are non-tumour localizing porphyrins, were also part of the comparative study. The interaction of these porphyrins with acid soluble collagen and acid insoluble collagen, elastin, and fibrin was evaluated, and the binding of uroporphyrin isomers I and III and deuteroporphyrin IX to gelatin and fibrinogen, was also determined. The results suggest that collagen, especially the acid soluble form, and gelatin preferentially bind the four porphyrins which localize in mammary carcinoma tissue. The well reported observations that malignant epithelial cells, including breast cancer, produce collagen and contain a rate-limiting enzyme in collagen biosynthesis would support the notion that de novo synthesis of this protein may in part govern the tumour uptake and retention of porphyrins. Elastin, fibrinogen and fibrin showed non-discriminant binding to the porphyrins under study.
A Class of Maximum-Period Nonlinear Congruential Generators Derived From the R&eacute;nyi Chaotic Map (2007)

In this paper, a family of nonlinear congruential generators (NLCGs) based on the digitized Reacutenyi map is considered for the definition of hardware-efficient pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), and a theoretical framework for their study is presented. The authors investigate how the nonlinear structure of these systems eliminates some of the statistical regularities spoiling the randomness of sequences generated with linear techniques. In detail, in this paper, a necessary condition that the considered NLCGs must satisfy to have maximum period length is given, and a list of such maximum period PRNGs for period lengths up to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 is provided. Referring to the NIST800-22 statistical test suite, two PRNG examples are presented and compared to well-known PRNGs based on linear recurrencies requiring a similar amount of resources for their implementation
Settling characteristics of microparticles modified by hydrophilic semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (1995)

Abstract Microparticles of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate cross‐linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were produced by suspension polymerization. Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks were prepared by diffusion of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solution into the particles. The PEO was allowed to diffuse into the dried particles and the resulting swollen particles were treated with an excess of acetone to collapse them. The ensuing networks consisted of the collapsed particles and the trapped PEO. The modified particles were allowed to settle in water, and characteristic settling times were measured as a function of swelling time. The settling times were compared to those of the unmodified particles. It was found that the settling time changes with volume fraction, particle size, degree of functionality, and amount of swelling. An increased volume fraction in both unmodified and modified particles causes a slower settling rate. The smaller particle sizes fall more slowly, and size difference plays a more significant role in hindering the settling for lower amounts of trapped PEO. As the amount of PEO increases, the settling rate decreases dramatically. Swelling also slows the settling rate, until the particles reach equilibrium. Equilibrium swelling occurs near 10 min for both unmodified and modified particles. Optical photo‐microscopy verified the amount of swelling and demonstrated the process of PEO penetration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimization of Deep Drilling Performance with Improvements in Drill Bit and Drilling Fluid Design (2008)

Abstract Full-scale laboratory testing was conducted under a joint industry and Department of Energy program titled "Optimization of Deep Drilling Performance; Development and Benchmark Testing of Advanced Diamond Product Drill Bits and HP/HT Fluids to Significantly Improve Rates of Penetration." In total, seven bits and twelve different drilling fluids were tested in three different rocks at a variety of drilling parameters. Phase 1 results have been reported in a previous paper (Judzis et al., 2007). This paper presents the results from Phase 2 of the study. The goal of Phase 2 testing was to evaluate bit features and mud additives that might enhance ROP under high-pressure conditions. The test protocols developed in Phase 1 to simulate Arbuckle play and Tuscaloosa trend drilling at pressures in excess of 10,000 psi were employed to evaluate these features. Significant findings of Phase 2 include the following: Mud additives can substantially enhance ROPs in high-pressure conditions and may play a larger role than bit design features.A 16-ppg cesium formate brine increased ROPs 100% as compared to 16-ppg oil-based mud in Carthage marble and Mancos shale. The cesium formate improved ROPs by increasing both the efficiency and the aggressiveness of the bit.A 16-ppg oil-based mud weighted with fine particle size (D50 ≈ 1-3 microns) manganese tetroxide increased ROPs in Crab Orchard sandstone 100% as compared to a similar mud weighted with conventional barite. The manganese tetroxide improved ROPs by increasing the efficiency of the bit, but did not have a measurable effect on bit aggressiveness.Phase 2 tests continue to support the conclusion of Phase 1 that specific energy consumed while drilling is substantially higher than the confined compressive strength (CCS) of the rock.
MODELING OF NI-CR-MO BASED ALLOYS: PART II - KINETICS (2006)

The CALPHAD approach is applied to kinetic studies of phase transformations and aging of prototypes of Ni-Cr-Mo-based alloys selected for waste disposal canisters in the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). Based on a previous study on alloy stability for several candidate alloys, the thermodynamic driving forces together with a newly developed mobility database have been used to analyze diffusion-controlled transformations in these Ni-based alloys. Results on precipitation of the Ni{sub 2}Cr-ordered phase in Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and of the complex P- and {delta}-phases in a surrogate of Alloy 22 are presented, and the output from the modeling are compared with experimental data on aging.
Flocking and Predator Avoidance: Models of Flocking and Observations on the Spatial Dispersion of Foraging Winter Shorebirds (Charadrii) (1980)

Christopher H. Stinson, Flocking and Predator Avoidance: Models of Flocking and Observations on the Spatial Dispersion of Foraging Winter Shorebirds (Charadrii), Oikos, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1980), pp. 35-43
Current status of genome-wide association study (2011)

In past five years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has proven to be a powerful and efficient study design in identifying genetic variants associated with complex diseases and traits. Many studies have been performed to explore the genetic basis of various complex diseases and traits. Genetic breakthroughs have been achieved in complex diseases and traits, such as oncology, diabetes, cardiology, psychiatric disorders, autoimmune and immune related diseases, height, weight, blood lipid, and pigmentation. Up to September 11th 2010, nearly 200 complex diseases and traits have been investigated by this approach, and more than 3000 diseases and/or traits related variants have been identified. In this review, we present an overview of GWAS in complex diseases and traits.
Initiation of some energetic materials by microwave heating (1990)

Abstract Microwave heating of ammonium nitrate (AN), tetryl, PETN, RDX, HMX, TNT, emulsion explosive, Composition C‐4, and ammonium perchlorate (AP) was carried out at the frequency of 2450 + 50 MHz. The energetic materials were confined in sodalime glass tubes with teflon and silicon rubber plugs. The order of increasing initiation delay time was AN, tetryl, PETN, RDX, HMX, and TNT. Also, the order of the initiation energy of energetic materials was the same when the anode currents of microwave power source were 1.1 A and 0.8 A. The initiation processes of energetic materials were recorded on videotapes which showed that the energetic materials gencrally melted before initiation. The temperatures of energctic matcrials were measured by K‐type (chromel‐alumel) thermocouples and an infrared thermometer. The temperature of each energetic material started to rise rapidly when the temperature neared the meiting point. Initiation occured near the ignition temperature with a delay varying from 6 to 109 seconds.