gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uptake of Desflurane and Isoflurane During Closed-Circuit Anesthesia with Spontaneous and Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (1997)

Although theoretical models predict uptake of inhaled anesthetics during closed-circuit anesthesia (CCA), clinical data for most anesthetics are conflicting or non-existent. In addition, the effects of patient characteristics and mode of ventilation on anesthetic uptake are unclear. Forty-one ASA physical status I or II adult patients undergoing a variety of 1-1.5 h surgical procedures were randomly allocated to receive CCA with desflurane or isoflurane with ventilation being either spontaneous or controlled. An end-expired anesthetic concentration of 1.3 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) was maintained by continuous injection of the liquid anesthetic into the circuit using a syringe pump. After an initial 4-min wash-in period, uptake during the first hour of CCA was nearly constant. Uptake was the same whether ventilation was spontaneous or controlled. Patient characteristics (age, height, weight, weight3/4, and body surface area) were comparable between groups and did not correlate with uptake. The virtually constant uptake after wash-in of desflurane and isoflurane contrasts with the square root of time model of Lowe and Ernst. These findings may greatly simplify CCA. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:413-8)
9% efficiency: CIGS on Cu substrate (2003)

The CIS Solartechnik is aiming at an industrial roll to roll process for the production of CIGS solar cells on metal substrates. For today we can report about a success concerning the efficiency. We are able to process ClGS solar cells on both Cu and stainless steel substrates with an efficiency of 9%. The absorber is synthesised by annealing the electrodeposited stacked metal layers of Cu, In and Ga. Se is added prior to the annealing by evaporation. The fabrication of high-efficiency CIGS absorber layers by mostly electrochemical methods is a challenge per se. The most challenging step, however, in realising cells on Cu substrates is to insert a barrier on top of the substrate which prevents the Cu from diffusion into the CIGS layer during annealing. In addition, this layer has to have good adhesion to both the CIGS layer and the Cu substrate.
The structure of a γ-modified peptide nucleic acid duplex (2010)

This paper presents the results of an NMR spectroscopy and distance-restrained molecular dynamics (MD) study of a gamma-methylated, palindromic, 8-base pair peptide nucleic acid (gamma-PNA) duplex. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of the gamma-backbone modification on the structure of the PNA duplex. The 2D NMR information involving the backbone methyl group, especially the NOEs between the methyl protons and those of the amide and methylene groups of the backbone, led to distance restraints useful in the elucidation of the structure of the backbone of gamma-PNA. Integration of the NOE peaks resulted in 138 inter-proton distance restraints, which were used in ten independent simulated annealing followed by 2 ns restrained MD runs. These simulations led to the conclusion that the gamma-PNA duplex adopts a general P-form helical structure similar to that observed for non-modified PNA but with a smaller base pair rise, which is an A-like helical feature, and a slight helical bending towards the major groove (PDB ID ). These properties of the gamma-PNA duplex may be induced by the gamma-methyl group. A similar effect of the methyl group was revealed by a previous NMR study of single stranded gamma-PNA [A. Dragulescu-Andrasi, S. Rapireddy, B. M. Frezza, C. Gayathri, R. R. Gil and D. H. Ly, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 10258-10267]. It appears that the steric constraint exerted by the gamma-methyl on the backbone orientation is relatively independent of the base pairing and stacking and thus is likely to manifest when other substituents are introduced at the gamma-position of the PNA.
Conduction-electron spin resonance in zinc-blende GaN thin films (1993)

We report electron-spin-resonance measurements on zinc-blende GaN. The observed resonance has an isotropic g value of 1.9533\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008 independent of temperature, a Lorentzian line shape, and a linewidth (18 G at 10 K) which depends on temperature. The spin-lattice relaxation time at 10 K was estimated to be ${\mathit{T}}_{1\mathit{e}}$=(6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ sec. Using a five-band model a g value consistent with the experimental results was obtained and a conduction-electron effective mass ${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{*}}$/${\mathit{m}}_{0}$=0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 was calculated. The observed signal, together with conductivity data, was attributed to nonlocalized electrons in a band of autodoping centers and in the conduction band.
A 28-GHz Phased-Array Receiver Front End With Dual-Vector Distributed Beamforming (2016)

This paper presents a 28-GHz four-channel phased-array receiver in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for fifth-generation cellular application. The phased-array receiver employs scalar-only weighting functions within each receive path and then global quadrature power combining to realize beamforming. We discuss both the theory and nonidealities of this architecture and then circuit design details for our phased-array front-end prototype. Differential low-noise amplifiers and dual-vector variable-gain amplifiers are used to realize each front end in a compact area of 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Across 4-b phase settings, each array element achieves 5.1-7 dB noise figure, -16.8 to -13.8 dBm input-referred 1-dB compression point, and -10.5 to -8.9 dBm input-referred third-order intercept point. The average gain per element is 10.5 dB at 29.7 GHz, whereas the 3-dB bandwidth is 24.5% (26.5-33.9 GHz). Root-mean-squared gain and phase errors are less than 0.6 dB and 5.4° across 28-32 GHz, respectively, and all four elements provide well-matched and well-isolated responses. Power consumption is 136 mW per element, equaling 546 mW for the four-element array.
Influence of strain on the magnetization and magnetoelectric effect in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>PMN</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mi>PT</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2007)

We investigate the influence of a well-defined reversible biaxial strain $\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.12%$ on the magnetization $(M)$ of epitaxial ferromagnetic manganite films. $M$ has been recorded depending on temperature, strain and magnetic field in $20--50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick films. This is accomplished by reversibly compressing the isotropic in-plane lattice parameter of the rhombohedral piezoelectric 0.72PMN-0.28PT (001) substrates by application of an electric field $E\ensuremath{\leqslant}12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kV}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The magnitude of the total variable in-plane strain has been derived. Strain-induced shifts of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature $({T}_{C})$ of up to $19\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ were found in ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (LSMO) and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films and are quantitatively analyzed for LSMO within a cubic model. The effective magnetoelectric coupling coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}={\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}dM∕dE\ensuremath{\leqslant}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at ambient temperature in the magnetic-film-ferroelectric-substrate system results from the strain-induced $M$ change. It corresponds to an enhancement of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}\ensuremath{\Delta}M\ensuremath{\leqslant}19\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ upon biaxial compression of 0.1%. The extraordinary large $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ originates from the combination of three crucial properties: (i) the strong strain dependence of $M$ in the ferromagnetic manganites, (ii) large piezo-strain of the PMN-PT substrates, and (iii) effective elastic coupling at the film-substrate interface.
Modelling Farmer Decision Making for Natural Resource Management Outcomes (2006)

Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual modelling and simulation methodology that incorporates dryland farmer decision making into regional- and landscape-level natural resource management (NRM) planning. Decision making for many NRM on ground actions is made at the farm level so it makes sense to incorporate farmer behaviour into regional planning for meeting regional environmental objectives. Our model applies multi-attribute farmer utility functions within an agent-based simulation environment to model temporal change in land use and landscapes resulting from farmer implementation of on ground NRM actions. Farmer decision profiles are characterized using a survey of over 500 farmers. Landscape futures can also be assessed by modelling farmer responses to changes in both external drivers and policies. The dominant external drivers of land use change are related to climate and societal change, commodity prices, and technological advances. These drivers, in combination with natural resource management policy, influence farmer decision making and willingness to undertake NRM actions, which in turn determines whether or not specific regional NRM targets will be achieved under various future scenarios and provides an assessment of the biophysical, economic and social impacts of NRM actions at the catchment scale.
Cellulosomal Scaffoldin-Like Proteins from <i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i> (2001)

Two tandem cellulosome-associated genes were identified in the cellulolytic rumen bacterium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The deduced gene products represent multimodular scaffoldin-related proteins (termed ScaA and ScaB), both of which include several copies of explicit cellulosome signature sequences. The scaB gene was completely sequenced, and its upstream neighbor scaA was partially sequenced. The sequenced portion of scaA contains repeating cohesin modules and a C-terminal dockerin domain. ScaB contains seven relatively divergent cohesin modules, two extremely long T-rich linkers, and a C-terminal domain of unknown function. Collectively, the cohesins of ScaA and ScaB are phylogenetically distinct from the previously described type I and type II cohesins, and we propose that they define a new group, which we designated here type III cohesins. Selected modules from both genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were used as probes in affinity-blotting experiments. The results strongly indicate that ScaA serves as a cellulosomal scaffoldin-like protein for several R. flavefaciens enzymes. The data are supported by the direct interaction of a recombinant ScaA cohesin with an expressed dockerin-containing enzyme construct from the same bacterium. The evidence also demonstrates that the ScaA dockerin binds to a specialized cohesin(s) on ScaB, suggesting that ScaB may act as an anchoring protein, linked either directly or indirectly to the bacterial cell surface. This study is the first direct demonstration in a cellulolytic rumen bacterium of a cellulosome system, mediated by distinctive cohesin-dockerin interactions.
Nonlinear Estimators and Tail Bounds for Dimension Reduction in $l_1$ Using Cauchy Random Projections (2006)

For dimension reduction in $l_1$, the method of {\em Cauchy random projections} multiplies the original data matrix $\mathbf{A} \in\mathbb{R}^{n\times D}$ with a random matrix $\mathbf{R} \in \mathbb{R}^{D\times k}$ ($k\ll\min(n,D)$) whose entries are i.i.d. samples of the standard Cauchy C(0,1). Because of the impossibility results, one can not hope to recover the pairwise $l_1$ distances in $\mathbf{A}$ from $\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{AR} \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times k}$, using linear estimators without incurring large errors. However, nonlinear estimators are still useful for certain applications in data stream computation, information retrieval, learning, and data mining. We propose three types of nonlinear estimators: the bias-corrected sample median estimator, the bias-corrected geometric mean estimator, and the bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimator. The sample median estimator and the geometric mean estimator are asymptotically (as $k\to \infty$) equivalent but the latter is more accurate at small $k$. We derive explicit tail bounds for the geometric mean estimator and establish an analog of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma for dimension reduction in $l_1$, which is weaker than the classical JL lemma for dimension reduction in $l_2$. Asymptotically, both the sample median estimator and the geometric mean estimators are about 80% efficient compared to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). We analyze the moments of the MLE and propose approximating the distribution of the MLE by an inverse Gaussian.
Intervention of phenolic compounds in plum technology. 2. Mechanisms of anthocyanin degradation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntervention of phenolic compounds in plum technology. 2. Mechanisms of anthocyanin degradationJose Raynal and Michel MoutounetCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 4, 1051–1053Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00088a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metrology technology for the 70-nm node: process control through amplification and averaging microscopic changes (2002)

Below the 70-nm node feature sizes and aspect ratios will require great advances in metrology and defect detection capability. Although the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) prediction becomes more aggressive with each revision, isolate gate lengths for the 70-nm node are predicted to be below 40 nm for microprocessors (see 2000 ITRS). 70 nm and below feature sizes and high aspect ratios will be characteristic of on-chip interconnect. Memory devices will achieve line densities that will drive all areas of metrology. The device performance required for increasing clock speed and reducing leakage current has been driving new gate stack materials development which is expected to be ready for manufacture at this node and below. On-chip interconnect will have integrated low /spl kappa/ dielectric, copper metal lines, and copper diffusion barrier layer materials predicted by the roadmap will require interconnect design advancements to meet increased clock speeds even if the present rate of advance in clock speed decreases. In this paper, the key metrology and defect detection trends for wafer manufacture are covered. The best available information on critical dimension, gate stack, and interconnect measurement and data management are described in light of the need to obtain statistically relevant information from microscopic features.
Reference assisted coherent CDMA communication-an analytical treatment (2002)

Coherent spread spectrum communications with transmitted reference, also called pilot, based channel estimation is considered for asynchronous CDMA communication over fading channels. We derived the optimal receiver structure with a maximum likelihood (ML) convolutional decoder and the Bhattacharyya bound and the cut-off rate of the ML receiver. The analytical results are applied to evaluating the system performance and for selecting parameters such as coding rate and the data to reference power ratio that optimizes the system performance. Simulation results are also given and compared with the analytical results.
Intense surface photoemission: Space charge effects and self-acceleration (1990)

Ultraviolet laser irradiation of surfaces, in the course of photoemission or surface photochemical studies, often produce copious electron emission, up to 1000’s of A/cm2. The time-dependent fields produced by these electrons accelerate some of the electrons up to 5.4 times their initial energies. The steady-state fields return most of the emitted electrons to the surface. We discuss and illustrate both phenomena with theoretical simulations and experiment, and discuss possible implications.
Assessment of Cathepsin L Activity by Use of the Inhibitor CA-074 Compared to Cathepsin B Activity in Human Lung Tumor Tissue (1995)

Article Assessment of Cathepsin L Activity by Use of the Inhibitor CA-074 Compared to Cathepsin B Activity in Human Lung Tumor Tissue was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 376, issue 3).
G551D Cystic Fibrosis Mice Exhibit Abnormal Regulation of Inflammation in Lungs and Macrophages (2000)

The major cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF) is chronic lung disease associated with persistent infection by the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. S100A8, an S-100 calcium-binding protein with chemotactic activity, is constitutively expressed in the lungs and serum of CF patients. Levels of S100A8 mRNA were found to be three to four times higher in the lungs of mice carrying the G551D mutation in CF transmembrane conductance regulator compared with littermate controls. Intravenous injection of bacterial LPS induced S100A8 mRNA in the lung to a greater extent in G551D mice than in wild-type littermates. Localization of S100A8 mRNA and protein in the lung indicate that it is a marker for neutrophil accumulation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from G551D mice were shown to also exhibit hypersensitivity to LPS, measured by induction of TNF-alpha. These results provide evidence that the pathology of CF relates to abnormal regulation of the immune system.
Block-Wise Concatenated BCH Codes for NAND Flash Memories (2014)

In this work, we consider high-rate error-control systems for storage devices using multi-level per cell (MLC) NAND flash memories. Aiming at achieving a strong error-correcting capability, we propose error-control systems using block-wise parallel/serial concatenations of short Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes with two iterative decoding strategies, namely, iterative hard-decision decoding (IHDD) and iterative reliability based decoding (IRBD). It will be shown that a simple but very efficient IRBD is possible by taking advantage of a unique feature of the block-wise concatenation. For tractable performance analysis and design of IHDD and IRBD at very low error rates, we derive semi-analytic approaches. The proposed error-control systems are compared with various error-control systems with well-known coding schemes such as a product code, multiple BCH codes, a single long BCH code, and low-density parity-check codes in terms of page error rates, which confirms our claim: the proposed error-control systems achieve good tradeoffs between error-performance and complexity as compared to the traditional schemes and is also very favorable for implementation.
Recent progress on the self-aligned, selective-emitter silicon solar cell (2002)

We developed a self-aligned emitter etchback technique that requires only a single emitter diffusion and no alignments to form self-aligned, patterned-emitter profiles. Standard, commercial, screen-printed gridlines mask a plasma-etchback of the emitter. A subsequent PECVD-nitride deposition provides good surface and bulk passivation and an antireflection coating. We succeeded in finding a set of parameters which resulted in good emitter uniformity and improved cell performance. We used full-size multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) cells processed in a commercial production line and performed a statistically designed, multiparameter experiment to optimize the use of a hydrogenation treatment to increase performance. Our initial results found a statistically significant improvement of half an absolute percentage point in cell efficiency when the self-aligned emitter etchback was combined with a 3-step PECVD-nitride surface passivation and hydrogenation treatment.
Free surface instability in electrohydrodynamics (1968)

The study of electrostatic effects on the motion of fluids goes back to the work of Rayleigh (l) who discussed the effect of surface charges on the vibration of spherical drops, and Bassett (2) who studied the effect of a radial electric field on the stability of a jet. The subject has recently been taken up again by Melcher (3) and Crowley (4), and the author became interested in the subject through the monograph of the former author in which a wide variety of wave problems are described.
Efficacy and Tolerability of long-acting Octreotide in the Treatment of Thymic Tumors (2011)

The results of this study confirm the somatostatin receptor as a valid target for the treatment of thymic malignancies. Overall, therapy with long-acting somatostatin analogs seems to be safe and effective.
Hardware Obfuscation and Logic Locking: A Tutorial Introduction (2020)

Editor's note: If you are designing or integrating hardware IP blocks into your designs, and you are using common global supply chains, then reading this overview article on how to protect your IP against reverse engineering, piracy, and malicious alteration attacks is a must. The authors give a comprehensive overview of current countermeasures that can be used at RTL, gate-, and layout-level to protect your design with a focus on combinational and sequential logic locking and a discussion on merits, overheads, and shortcomings of such techniques. -Jürgen Teich, FAU Erlangen.
Modeling Advertising Effectiveness (1996)

While the media planning literature boasts a long tradition of media simulations, the discussions rarely include practical information regarding the establishment of parameters for the models. This paper discusses the development of media effectiveness evaluations in the context of marketing, advertising, and media simulation games. It outlines a practical set of steps for developing media effectiveness measures, including guidelines for establishing the key parameters.