gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient buffer memory system for subarray access (2001)

Many current graphical display systems utilize a buffer memory system to contain a two-dimensional image array to be modified and displayed. In order to speed up the update of the buffer memory system, it is required that the buffer memory system accesses many image points within an image subarray in parallel. This paper proposes an efficient buffer memory system for a fast and high-resolution graphical display system. The memory system provides parallel accesses to pq image points within a block(p/spl times/q), a horizontal (1/spl times/pq), a vertical (pq/spl times/1), a forward-diagonal, or a backward-diagonal subarray in a two-dimensional image array, M/spl times/N, where the design parameters p and q are all powers of two. In the address calculation and routing circuit of the proposed buffer memory system, the address differences of the five subarrays are prearranged according to the index numbers of memory modules and stored in two static random access memories (SRAMs), so that the address differences are simply added to the base address to obtain the addresses according to the index numbers of memory modules. In addition, for the fast address calculation, one single multiplication operation in the base address calculation is replaced by a SRAM access, so that the multiplication operation can be performed during the SRAM access for the address differences for the case when N is not a power of two. The address calculation and routing circuit proposed in this paper is improved in the hardware cost, the complexity of control, and the speed over the previous circuits.
Bridging the host-network divide: survey, taxonomy, and solution (2006)

This paper presents a new direction in security awareness tools for system administration-the Host-Network (HoNe) Visualizer. Our requirements for the HoNe Visualizer come from needs system administrators expressed in interviews, from reviewing the literature, and from conducting usability studies with prototypes. We present a tool taxonomy that serves as a framework for our literature review, and we use the taxonomy to show what is missing in the administrator’s arsenal. Then we unveil our tool and its supporting infrastructure that we believe will fill the empty niche. We found that most security tools provide either an internal view of a host or an external view of traffic on a network. Our interviewees revealed how they must construct a mental end-toend view from separate tools that individually give an incomplete view, expending valuable time and mental effort. Because of limitations designed into TCP/IP [RFC-791, RFC-793], no tool can effectively correlate host and network data into an end-to-end view without kernel modifications. Currently, no other visualization exists to support end-to-end analysis. But HoNe’s infrastructure overcomes TCP/IP’s limitations bridging the network and transport layers in the network stack and making end-to-end correlation possible.
Translating the transcriptome into tools for the early detection and prevention of lung cancer: Figure 1 (2015)

Despite advances in the management of lung cancer, this disease remains a significant global health burden with survival rates that have not significantly improved in decades. The mortality reduction achieved by low-dose helical CT (LDCT) screening of select high-risk patients is challenged by the high false positive rate of this screening modality and the potential for morbidity associated with follow-up diagnostic evaluation in patients with high risk for iatrogenic complications. The diagnostic dilemma of the indeterminate nodule incidentally identified on diagnostic or screening CT has created a need for reliable biomarkers capable of distinguishing benign from malignant disease. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to develop molecular biomarkers to supplement clinical risk models in order to identify patients at highest risk for having an early stage lung cancer that may derive the greatest benefit from LDCT screening, as well as identifying patients at high-risk for developing lung cancer that may be candidates for emerging chemopreventive strategies. Evolving bioinformatic techniques and the application of these algorithms to analyse the transcriptomic changes associated with lung cancer promise translational discoveries that can bridge these large clinical gaps. The identification of lung cancer associated transcriptomic alterations in readily accessible tissue sampling sites offers the potential to develop early diagnostic and risk stratification strategies applicable to large populations. This review summarises the challenges associated with the early detection, screening and chemoprevention of lung cancer with an emphasis on how genomic information encapsulated by the transcriptome can facilitate future innovations in these clinical settings.
Human fetal liver-derived CD7+CD2lowCD3-CD56- clones that express CD3 gamma, delta, and epsilon and proliferate in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, or IL-7: implications for the relationship between T and natural killer cells (1992)

Cells from fetal liver or fetal and adult bone marrow that are membrane (m)CD3 negative and have not rearranged TCR genes but express CD3 proteins in their cytoplasm are considered to be committed T-cell progenitors. Recent findings question whether CD3 is T-cell specific because fetal natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to express cCD3 delta and epsilon proteins. To further examine the relationship between T and NK cells, we generated mCD3-cCD3+ clones from fetal liver. Two stable clones, FL412 and FL508, isolated from different donors, were selected on the basis of absence of the NK cell marker CD56. These clones shared a common phenotype of CD7+CD2lowCD3-CD4-CD8-CD5-CD6- CD11b+CD16-CD56 -. Like fetal NK clones, these clones expressed cytoplasmic CD3 delta and epsilon transcripts and proteins. However, the clones exhibited no or very low levels of cytotoxic activity against K562, JY, or Daudi, which were lysed efficiently by fetal NK clones. TCR beta, gamma, and delta genes in these clones were in germline configuration. Furthermore, both FL412 and FL508 responded not only to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or IL-7, but also to IL-3 with proliferation. These results suggest that FL412 and FL508 retained some characteristics of a putative T or NK precursor in the fetal liver and may be useful for analyses of this poorly defined cell type.
Nanometer-scale lithography on Si(001) using adsorbed H as an atomic layer resist (1996)

We describe nanometer-scale feature definition in adsorbed hydrogen layers on Si(001) surfaces by exposure to low energy electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Feature sizes range from &lt;5 to ≳40 nm as a function of bias voltage (5–30 V) and exposure dose (1–104 μC/cm). We show that the cross section for electron stimulated desorption of hydrogen has a threshold at 6–8 eV and is nearly constant from 10 to 30 eV, so that above threshold the feature profiles are a direct reflection of the electron flux profile at the surface. Radial flux distributions are best fit by a simple exponential function, where the decay length is dependent primarily on the tip–sample separation. Low intensity tails at large radius are also observed for high bias emission. Comparison to field emission simulations shows that our tip has an ‘‘effective radius’’ of approximately 30 nm. Simulations demonstrate that tip geometry and tip–sample separation play the dominant role in defining the electron flux distribution, and that optimum beam diameter at the sample is obtained at small tip–sample separation (low bias) with sharp tips. We show that adsorbed hydrogen is a robust resist that can be used as a mask for selective area deposition of metals by chemical vapor deposition. Fe lines 10 nm wide are deposited by pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5 in areas where H has been desorbed, with minimal nucleation in the H-passivated areas.
Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices: Emerging Themes and Applications (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPaper-Based Microfluidic Devices: Emerging Themes and ApplicationsYuanyuan Yang†, Eka Noviana†, Michael P. Nguyen†, Brian J. Geiss‡, David S. Dandy§, and Charles S. Henry*†§View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States‡ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States§ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +1-970-491-2852.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 1, 71–91Publication Date (Web):December 7, 2016Publication History Published online12 December 2016Published inissue 3 January 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04581https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04581review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12459Altmetric-Citations418LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colorimetry,Electrodes,Metals,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Application of convolutional neural networks on Intel® Xeon® processor with integrated FPGA (2017)

Intel®'s Xeon® processor with integrated FPGA is a new research platform that provides all the capabilities of a Broadwell Xeon Processor with the added functionality of an Arria 10 FPGA in the same package. In this paper, we present an implementation on this platform to showcase the abilities and effectiveness of utilizing both hardware architectures to accelerate a convolutional based neural network (CNN). We choose a network topology that uses binary weights and low precision activation data to take advantage of the available customizable fabric provided by the FPGA. Further, compared to standard multiply accumulate CNN's, binary weighted networks (BWN) reduce the amount of computation by eliminating the need for multiplication resulting in little to no classification accuracy degradation. Coupling Intel's Open Programmable Acceleration Engine (OPAE) with Caffe provides a robust framework that was used as the foundation for our application. Due to the convolution primitives taking the most computation in our network, we offload the feature and weight data to a customized binary convolution accelerator loaded in the FPGA. Employing the low latency Quick Path Interconnect (QPI) that bridges the Broadwell Xeon processor and Arria 10 FPGA, we can carry out fine-grained offloads while avoiding bandwidth bottlenecks. An initial proof of concept design showcasing this new platform that utilizes only a portion of the FPGA core logic exemplifies that by using both the Xeon processor and FPGA together we can improve the throughput by 2× on some layers and by 1.3× overall.
Substance P and Fibromyalgia (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: Fibromyalgiaallodyniapathogenesissubstance Pserotonin
Log Likelihood Spectral Distance, Entropy Rate Power, and Mutual Information with Applications to Speech Coding (2017)

We provide a new derivation of the log likelihood spectral distance measure for signal processing using the logarithm of the ratio of entropy rate powers. Using this interpretation, we show that the log likelihood ratio is equivalent to the difference of two differential entropies, and further that it can be written as the difference of two mutual informations. These latter two expressions allow the analysis of signals via the log likelihood ratio to be extended beyond spectral matching to the study of their statistical quantities of differential entropy and mutual information. Examples from speech coding are presented to illustrate the utility of these new results. These new expressions allow the log likelihood ratio to be of interest in applications beyond those of just spectral matching for speech.
Finely Tuned Blue Iridium Complexes with Varying Horizontal Emission Dipole Ratios and Quantum Yields for Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2014)

Two new heteroleptic blue emitting Ir(III) complexes, EtOCN‐FIracac and tBuCN‐FIracac, and a homoleptic Ir(III) complex, tBu‐FCNIr, consisting of 2′,4″‐difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy) with a cyano (CN) group at the 5′ position of the phenyl and an ethoxy (EtO‐) or tert ‐butyl (tBu) group at the 4 position of the pyridine as the main ligands, are synthesized and characterized for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The dual functionalization of the dfppy core with the electron‐withdrawing CN and electron‐donating EtO‐ or tBu ‐ groups leads to improved blue color purity by compensating the bathochromic shift originating from the ancillary ligand of the heteroleptic Ir(III) complex and contributes to the enhancement of the horizontal ratio of emitting dipoles (Θ), which is one of the promising approaches to improve the efficiency of PhOLEDs. PhOLEDs based on tBuCN‐FIracac and EtOCN‐FIracac show one of the highest efficiencies ever achieved for blue color, with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 22.3% (39.2 cd A −1 ) and 21.5% (35.1 cd A −1 ), respectively, with a simple device structure; a similar device based on tBu‐FCNIr displays a maximum EQE of 16.2% (23.5 cd A −1 ). The performance of PhOLEDs based on the two heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes are highly improved compared to tBu‐FCNIr, due to the increased θ and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY).
Identification of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) as a phosphorylation target by Pim‐1 kinase and the effect of phosphorylation on the transcriptional repression function of HP1<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Pim-1, a protooncogene product, is a serine/threonine kinase and is thought to play a role in signal transduction in blood cells. Few phosphorylated target proteins for Pim-1, however, have been identified. In the present study, two-hybrid screening to clone cDNAs encoding proteins binding to Pim-1 was carried out, and a cDNA for heterochromatin protein 1gamma (HP1gamma) was obtained. Binding assays both in yeast and in vitro pull-down using the purified HP1gamma and Pim-1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed that Pim-1 directly bound to the chromo shadow domain of HP1gamma. HP1gamma was also associated with Pim-1 in human HeLa cells and the serine clusters located at the center of HP1gamma were phosphorylated by Pim-1 in vitro. Furthermore, a transcription repression activity of HP1gamma was further stimulated by the deletion of the serine clusters targeted by Pim-1. These results suggest that Pim-1 affects the structure or silencing of chromatin by phosphorylating HP1.
Obesity and its associated disease: a role for microbiota? (2012)

In this review we outline potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota can contribute to the development of obesity focusing on specific processes such as microbial energy extraction, microbiota induced-inflammation and regulation of appetite. We review the current understanding of each of these processes on regulating metabolism and examine potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of the metabolic syndrome. We explore the hypothesis that alteration in gut microbiota may be an initial event leading to altered feeding behavior and/or systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to weight gain and the metabolic syndrome.
Interactively editing structured documents (1989)

Document preparation systems that are oriented to an author&apos;s preparation of printed material must permit the flexible specification, modification, and reuse of the contents of the document. Interactive document preparation systems commonly have incorporated simple representations--an unconstrained linear list of document objects in the &apos;What You See Is What You Get&apos; (WYSIWYG) systems. Recent research projects have been directed at the interactive manipulation of richer tree-oriented representations in which object relationships are constrained through grammatical specification. The advantage of such representations is the increased flexibility that they provide in the reusability of the document and its components and the more powerful user command that they permit.
<i>rst</i>and its paralogue<i>kirre</i>act redundantly during embryonic muscle development in<i>Drosophila</i> (2001)

The polynucleate myotubes of vertebrates and invertebrates form by fusion of myoblasts. We report the involvement of the Drosophila melanogaster Roughest (Rst) protein as a new membrane-spanning component in this process. Rst is strongly expressed in mesodermal tissues during embryogenesis, but rst null mutants display only subtle embryonic phenotypes. Evidence is presented that this is due to functional redundancy between Rst and its paralogue Kirre. Both are highly related single-pass transmembrane proteins with five extracellular immunoglobulin domains and three conserved motifs in the intracellular domain. The expression patterns of kirre and rst overlap during embryonic development in muscle founder cells. Simultaneous deletion of both genes causes an almost complete failure of fusion between muscle founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts. This defect can be rescued by one copy of either gene. Moreover, Rst, like Kirre is a myoblast attractant.
QDIRT (2008)

The quantitative direct and indirect reflex test of sudomotor function (QDIRT) measured both the direct and the indirect sudomotor response with spatial resolution similar to that of silicone impressions, and with temporal resolution similar to that of the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART). QDIRT provides a novel tool for the evaluation of postganglionic sudomotor function.
Yeast Prion‐Protein, Sup35, Fibril Formation Proceeds by Addition and Substraction of Oligomers (2006)

In analogy to human prions, a domain of the translation-termination protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sup35, can switch its conformation from a soluble functional state, [psi-], to a conformation, [PSI+], that facilitates aggregation and impairs its native function. Overexpression of the molecular chaperone Hsp104 abolishes the [PSI+] phenotype and restores the normal function of Sup35. We have recently shown that Hsp104 interacts preferably with low oligomeric species of a Sup35 derived peptide, Sup35[5-26]; however, due to possible exchange between different oligomeric states, it was not possible to obtain information on the distribution and stability of the oligomeric state. We show here, that low-molecular-weight oligomers (Sup35[5-26])n (n approximately = 4-6) are indeed important for the fibril formation and disassembly process. We find that Hsp104 is able to disaggregate Sup35[5-26] fibrils by substraction of hexameric to decameric Sup35[5-26] oligomers. This disaggregation effect does not require assistance from other chaperones and is independent of ATP at high Hsp104 concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that critical oligomers have a preference for alpha-helical conformations. The conformational reorganization into beta-sheet structures seems to occur only upon incorporation of these oligomers into fibrillar structures. The results are demonstrated by using an equilibrium dialysis experiment that employed different molecular-weight cut-off membranes. A combination of thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence and UV measurements allowed the quantification of fibril formation and the amount of peptide diffusing out of the dialysis bag. CD and NMR spectroscopy data were combined to obtain structural information.
Improved Speed Estimation From Single-Loop Detectors With High Truck Flow (2013)

AbstractSingle-loop detectors are the most common sensors employed by freeway traffic management agencies. The data are used for traffic management and traveler information. Single-loop detectors can only measure flow and occupancy. Although speed is often the most useful metric, it can only be estimated at conventional single-loop detectors. Typically this estimate comes from the quotient of flow and occupancy multiplied by the fixed, assumed average effective vehicle length. This conventional approach is limited because the actual average effective vehicle length will vary from sample to sample. Many researchers have proposed alternatives to address this problem, and although many of the methods work well under normal conditions, there has been limited research into methods that yield reliable estimates under heavy truck traffic. Heavy truck flows may arise as a function of location or time of day, for example, with proximity to a trucking facility or in early mornings when the number of passenger vehicles drops, respectively. This article presents a new methodology to estimate speed from single-loop detectors in conditions where trucks comprise a large percentage of the fleet. While the focus is on single loop detectors, the work is equally applicable to side-fire microwave radar detectors that emulate single-loop detectors.Keywords: Single-Loop DetectorsSpeed EstimationTraffic SurveillanceTrucks
Place specificity of monopolar and tripolar stimuli in cochlear implants: The influence of residual masking (2013)

This experiment investigated whether place specificity of neural activity evoked by cochlear implant stimulation is improved in tripolar compared to monopolar mode using a forward masking protocol addressing some limitations of previous methods of measurement and analysis. The amount of residual masking (masking remaining at long masker-probe delays) was also measured, and its potential influence on the specificity measures was evaluated. The masker stimulus comprised equally loud interleaved mono- or tripolar stimulation on two electrodes equidistant from a central probe electrode in an apical and basal direction, reducing the influence of off-site listening. The effect of masker-probe distance on the threshold shift of the tripolar probe was analyzed to derive a measure of place specificity. On average, tripolar maskers were more place specific than monopolar maskers, although the mean effect was small. There was no significant effect of masker level on specificity or on the differences observed between modes. The mean influence of residual masking on normalized masking functions was similar for the two modes and, therefore, did not influence the comparison of specificity between the modes. However, variability in amount of residual masking was observed between subjects, and therefore should be considered in forward masking studies that compare place specificity across subjects.