gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence on Ca2+ and tropomyosin of the actin-activated ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin in the presence of low concentrations of Mg2+. (1983)

Ca2+ and tropomyosin are required for activation of ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin by gizzard actin at less than 1 mM Mg2+, relatively low Ca2+ concentrations (1 microM), producing half-maximal activation. At higher concentrations, Mg2+ will replace Ca2+, 4 mM Mg2+ increasing activity to the same extent as does Ca2+ and abolishing the Ca2+ dependence. Above about 1 mM Mg2+, tropomyosin is no longer required for activation by actin, activity being dependent on Ca2+ between 1 and 4 mM Mg2+, but independent of [Ca2+] above 4 mM Mg2+. Phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da light chain of gizzard myosin is required for activation of ATPase activity by actin from chicken gizzard or rabbit skeletal muscle at all concentrations of Mg2+ employed. The effect of adding or removing Ca2+ is fully reversible and cannot be attributed either to irreversible inactivation of actin or myosin or to dephosphorylation. After preincubating in the absence of Ca2+, activity is restored either by adding micromolar concentrations of this cation or by raising the concentration of Mg2+ to 8 mM. Similarly, the inhibition found in the absence of tropomyosin is fully reversed by subsequent addition of this protein. Replacing gizzard actin with skeletal actin alters the pattern of activation by Ca2+ at concentrations of Mg2+ less than 1 mM. Full activation is obtained with or without Ca2+ in the presence of tropomyosin, while in its absence Ca2+ is required but produces only partial activation. Without tropomyosin, the range of Mg2+ concentrations over which activity is Ca2+-dependent is restricted to lower values with skeletal than with gizzard actin. The activity of skeletal muscle myosin is activated by the gizzard actin-tropomyosin complex without Ca2+, although Ca2+ slightly increases activity. The Ca2+ sensitivity of reconstituted gizzard actomyosin is partially retained by hybrid actomyosin containing gizzard myosin and skeletal actin, but less Ca2+ dependence is retained in the hybrid containing skeletal myosin and gizzard actin.
LACTOGENESIS IN THE DIABETIC RAT (1973)

The transition of the mammary gland from the quiescent state of pregnancy to the secretory state characteristic of lactation requires the presence of several hormones. Thus, when lactogenesis in rats or mice is monitored by increases of mammary lactose or casein, or of biosynthetic enzymes such as lactose synthetase, it shows a minimum requirement for prolactin and corticosteroid. Cultured mammary explants from pregnant mice undergo similar changes when given a minimum hormonal supplement of insulin, prolactin and a corticosteroid (for review see Denamur, 1971). The insulin is required in vitro at high concentrations (about 50 mu./ml) and apparently stimulates a wave of cell division from which the daughter cells undergo 'functional differentiation' in the presence of the other two hormones (for review see Topper, 1968, 1970). Lactogenesis in vivo is accompanied or preceded by active mitosis according to some authors (Jeffers, 1935; Baldwin & Milligan, 1966) but not according to
Similarity-based Word Sense Disambiguation (1998)

We describe a method for automatic word sense disambiguation using a text corpus and a machine-readable dictionary (MRD). The method is based on word similarity and context similarity measures. Words are considered similar if they appear in similar contexts; contexts are similar if they contain similar words. The circularity of this definition is resolved by an iterative, converging process, in which the system learns from the corpus a set of typical usages for each of the senses of the polysemous word listed in the MRD. A new instance of a polysemous word is assigned the sense associated with the typical usage most similar to its context. Experiments show that this method can learn even from very sparse training data, achieving over 92% correct disambiguation performance.
Detection and Compensation of Bandwidth Limitation and Modulation Nonlinearity in Coherent IQ Transmitter (2018)

By sweeping frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal stimulus, bandwidth limitation, modulation nonlinearity, power imbalance, and bias point are detected for coherent IQ transmitter. Bandwidth limitation and modulation nonlinearity are compensated by finite impulse response filter and memoryless Volterra filter.
Kinetics of Water Loss from Cells at Subzero Temperatures and the Likelihood of Intracellular Freezing (1963)

The survival of various cells subjected to low temperature exposure is higher when they are cooled slowly. This increase is consistent with the view that slow cooling decreases the probability of intracellular freezing by permitting water to leave the cell rapidly enough to keep the protoplasm at its freezing point. The present study derives a quantitative relation between the amount of water in a cell and temperature. The relation is a differential equation involving cooling rate, surface-volume ratio, membrane permeability to water, and the temperature coefficient of the permeability constant. Numerical solutions to this equation give calculated water contents which permit predictions as to the likelihood of intracellular ice formation. Both the calculated water contents and the predictions on internal freezing are consistent with the experimental observations of several investigators.
Advances in hormone replacement therapy: making the menopause manageable (2008)

Abstract The importance of the results of some large, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has modified the risk/benefit perception of HRT. Recent literature review supports a different management. The differences in age at initiation and the duration of HRT are key points. HRT appears to decrease coronary disease in younger women, near menopause; yet, in older women, HRT increases risk of a coronary event. Although HRT is a recognized method in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, it is not licensed for the prevention of osteoporosis as a first-line treatment. The effectiveness of low and ultra-low estrogen doses has been demonstrated for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms, genital atrophy and the prevention of bone loss, with fewer side-effects than the standard dose therapy. Further research, however, is needed to determine the effect both on fractures, as well as on cardiovascular and breast diseases. Newer progestins show effects that are remarkably different from those of other assays. The effectiveness of testosterone at improving both sexual desire and response in surgically and naturally postmenopausal women is shown by the testosterone patch. The intention, dose and regimen of HRT need to be individualized, based on the principle of choosing the lowest appropriate dose in relation to the severity of symptoms and the time and menopause age.
Pretreatments and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Grass Straws for Ethanol Production in the Pacific Northwest U.S. (2011)

Increasing energy demand and rising petroleum prices necessitate development of alternative energy resources. Bioethanol, an important renewable transportation fuel, has been considered as one of the most promising alternatives to petroleum. The grass seed production industry in the Pacific Northwest produces about 2 Mt per year of grass straw as a coproduct. Various species of grasses, with yields of up to 5 tons per acre and containing up to 35% cellulose, are potential feedstocks for ethanol production. Three common grass seed crops, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and bentgrass (Agrostis sp.), were investigated as feedstocks for ethanol production. Composition analysis was performed using standard NREL laboratory analytical procedures. The grasses were pretreated at 10% solid loading at 180C for 15 min using hot water, dilute acid, or dilute alkali. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of untreated and pretreated grasses were used to visually analyze structural changes in the biomass after pretreatment. Both untreated and pretreated grass straw was enzymatically hydrolyzed at 50C for 120 h. All pretreatments were effective in increasing enzymatic digestibility of pretreated straw compared to untreated samples. For all experimental conditions investigated, most of the hydrolysis (>80%) was completed in the first 48 h. No single pretreatment gave the maximum hydrolysis yield for all grasses. Potential maximum ethanol yields for tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and bentgrass were 360, 297, and 276 L ton-1 of biomass, respectively.
Treatment of painful muscle syndromes with botulinum toxin: A review (1998)

Purpose:To review literature regarding clinical response to injections of botulinum toxin type A for a variety of painful disorders of involuntary muscular contraction. Methods:A MEDLINE search for the headings ‘botulinum toxin’, ‘myofascial pain’ and ‘pain’ was performed for the period 1966 to Sep tember 1997. Results:Eighteen references including 463 subjects were generated. Seven studies included ‘pain’ or ‘myofascial pain’ within the article title, while the remaining references reported pain response within the context of treatment for underlying spasticity, cervical dystonia, fibromyalgia, focal dystonia, hemifacial spasm, painful dystonia of Parkinson’s disease, pain of chronic pancreatitis, writer’s cramp and masseteric hypertrophy. Results of pain response in the cited studies were favorable in all except in fibromyalgia and chronic pancreatitis. The authors discuss instruments to measure pain intensity and physical functioning for future research and introduce a new instrument that includes self-reported pain assessment linked to joint position. Conclusion:Evidence suggests that BTX-A effectively reduces painful muscular contractions associated with a variety of neurologic conditions. Further research is needed to define conditions in which injections will be most effective.
Evaluation of salivary acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case–control study (2018)

AChE and PChE levels were increased in saliva samples of patients with AD. Therefore, saliva has the potential for being used for the purpose of biomarker evaluation to replace cerebrospinal fluid in patients with AD.
A telemetry-instrumentation system for chronically implanted glucose and oxygen sensors (1988)

An implantable potentiostat-telemetry system for in vivo operation of glucose and oxygen sensors is described. The device conveys signals from implanted chemical-specific sensors to a remote receiver via radio telemetry. Reference signals encoded in the analog FM transmission allow the receiver to automatically compensate for variability between simultaneously operated transmitters. The implant has several programmable operating modes that provide different signal gain and power consumption. All-CMOS circuitry is used, allowing operation for up to three months on a single lithium cell. Design, fabrication, and operation of the device are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-wide spectral range group velocity dispersion measurement of single-mode fibers using LD-pumped supercontinuum in an optical fiber (2002)

We report very wide spectral range (1250 nm-1730 nm) group velocity dispersion measurements utilizing supercontinuum (SC) pulse generation in an optical fiber pumped by amplified gain-switched LD pulses or mode-locked Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber ring laser pulses. The method has the following advantages: (1) ultrawide continuous spectral range for measurements of more than 400 nm by using a single optical source, (2) no assumption of dispersion formula needed, and therefore applicable to fibers with arbitrary dispersion characteristics, (3) applicability to far-end measurement of installed fibers, and (4) a fiber-based configuration. If is shown that the proposed method enables measurements with a resolution of less than 0.01 ps/km for 100-130 km fibers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solving the Kinematics of Planar Mechanisms by Dixon Determinant and a Complex-Plane Formulation (2000)

This paper presents a general method for the analysis of any planar mechanism consisting of rigid links connected by revolute joints. The method combines a complex plane formulation [1] with the Dixon determinant procedure of Nielsen and Roth [2]. The result is simple to derive and implement, so in addition to providing numerical solutions, the approach facilitates analytical explorations. The procedure leads to a generalized eigenvalue problem of minimal size. Both input/output problems and the derivation of tracing curve equations are addressed, as is the extension of the method to treat slider joints.
Haploids of Higher Plants in Vitro (1986)

Overview of thermal spray.- Basic concepts of combustion and thermal plasma.- Flame or plasma - partivcle interactions.- Combustion spraying systems.- Cold spray.- D.C. plasma spraying.- R.F. induction plasma spraying.- Wire arc spraying.- Plasma transferred arc depositon (PTA).- Nano- or finely-structured coatings.- Conventional deposit formation.- Surface preparation.- Process diagnostics and on-line control.- Coating characterizations.- Powder, wire and rods production and characteristics.- Process integration.- Industrial applications of thermal spraying technology.
The effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on coronary and renal circulation in the rabbit (1991)

It has been shown that different lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) possess relaxing properties in vascular strips. We report on the effect of intraatrial injection of LPC micelles into white New Zealand rabbits. Changes in renal and coronary flow were determined by radioactive microspheres. Coronary blood flow increased significantly following administration of LPC, while no significant changes were observed in renal blood flow, cardiac output and myocardial contractility. Coronary, renal and total vascular resistance, as well as mean arterial pressure, dropped significantly. Cardiac arrhythmia and hemolysis were not noted. The results demonstrate the vasorelaxant effect of LPC in vivo.
Biorthonormal-basis method for the vector description of optical-fiber modes (1998)

This paper gives the theoretical basis for the development of real vector modal methods to describe optical-fiber modes. To this end, the vector wave equations, which determine the electromagnetic fields, are written in terms of a pair of linear, nonself-adjoint operators, whose eigenvectors satisfy biorthogonality relations. The key of our method is to obtain a matrix representation of the vector wave equations in a basis that is defined by the modes of an auxiliary system. Our proposed technique can be applied to fibers with any profile, even those with a complex refractive index. An example is discussed to illustrate our approach.
Regional and Temporal Differences in Gene Expression of LH<sub>BETA</sub>T<sub>AG</sub>Retinoblastoma Tumors (2011)

There are significant temporal and regional variations in the LH(BETA)T(AG) retinoblastoma model. Differentially expressed genes overlap with key pathways that may play pivotal roles in murine retinoblastoma development. These findings suggest the mechanisms involved in tumor growth and progression in murine retinoblastoma tumors and identify pathways for analysis at a functional level, to determine significance in human retinoblastoma. Microarray analysis of LH(BETA)T(AG) retinal tumors showed significant regional and temporal variations in gene expression, including dysregulation of genes involved in hypoxic responses and angiogenesis.
Repeated sleep disruption in mice leads to persistent shifts in the fecal microbiome and metabolome (2020)

It has been established in recent years that the gut microbiome plays a role in health and disease, potentially via alterations in metabolites that influence host physiology. Although sleep disruption and gut dysbiosis have been associated with many of the same diseases, studies investigating the gut microbiome in the context of sleep disruption have yielded inconsistent results, and have not assessed the fecal metabolome. We exposed mice to five days of sleep disruption followed by four days of ad libitum recovery sleep, and assessed the fecal microbiome and fecal metabolome at multiple timepoints using 16S rRNA gene amplicons and untargeted LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. We found global shifts in both the microbiome and metabolome in the sleep-disrupted group on the second day of recovery sleep, when most sleep parameters had recovered to baseline levels. We observed an increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, along with decreases in the genus Lactobacillus, phylum Actinobacteria, and genus Bifidobacterium in sleep-disrupted mice compared to control mice. The latter two taxa remained low at the fourth day post-sleep disruption. We also identified multiple classes of fecal metabolites that were differentially abundant in sleep-disrupted mice, some of which are physiologically relevant and commonly influenced by the microbiome. This included bile acids, and inference of microbial functional gene content suggested reduced levels of the microbial bile salt hydrolase gene in sleep-disrupted mice. Overall, this study adds to the evidence base linking disrupted sleep to the gut microbiome and expands it to the fecal metabolome, identifying sleep disruption-sensitive bacterial taxa and classes of metabolites that may serve as therapeutic targets to improve health after poor sleep.
Randomized Trial of Intraarterial Infusion of Urokinase Within 6 Hours of Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke (2007)

The trial was aborted prematurely and the primary end point did not reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, the secondary analyses suggested that intraarterial fibrinolysis has the potential to increase the likelihood of excellent functional outcome.
A CatalyCEST MRI Contrast Agent that Can Simultaneously Detect Two Enzyme Activities (2015)

The simultaneous detection of multiple enzyme activities can improve the specificity of disease diagnoses. We therefore synthesized and characterized a diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI contrast agent that can simultaneously detect two enzyme activities. Sulfatase and esterase enzymes cleave the ligands of the CEST agent, releasing salicylic acid that can be detected with CEST MRI. Importantly, both enzymes are required to activate the agent to produce a CEST MRI contrast, and the CEST agent was stable without enzyme treatment. These results established that this diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agent is a platform technology with a modular design that can be potentially exploited to detect other combinations of enzyme activities, which can expand the armamentarium of contrast agents for molecular imaging.
A presentation semantic model for asynchronous distance learning paradigm (2000)

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Zinc and Copper Differentially Modulate Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing by γ-Secretase and Amyloid-β Peptide Production (2017)

Recent evidence suggests involvement of biometal homeostasis in the pathological mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For example, increased intracellular copper or zinc has been linked to a reduction in secreted levels of the AD-causing amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). However, little is known about whether these biometals modulate the generation of Aβ. In the present study we demonstrate in both cell-free and cell-based assays that zinc and copper regulate Aβ production by distinct molecular mechanisms affecting the processing by γ-secretase of its Aβ precursor protein substrate APP-C99. We found that Zn<sup>2+</sup> induces APP-C99 dimerization, which prevents its cleavage by γ-secretase and Aβ production, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 15 μm Importantly, at this concentration, Zn<sup>2+</sup> also drastically raised the production of the aggregation-prone Aβ43 found in the senile plaques of AD brains and elevated the Aβ43:Aβ40 ratio, a promising biomarker for neurotoxicity and AD. We further demonstrate that the APP-C99 histidine residues His-6, His-13, and His-14 control the Zn<sup>2+</sup>-dependent APP-C99 dimerization and inhibition of Aβ production, whereas the increased Aβ43:Aβ40 ratio is substrate dimerization-independent and involves the known Zn<sup>2+</sup> binding lysine Lys-28 residue that orientates the APP-C99 transmembrane domain within the lipid bilayer. Unlike zinc, copper inhibited Aβ production by directly targeting the subunits presenilin and nicastrin in the γ-secretase complex. Altogether, our data demonstrate that zinc and copper differentially modulate Aβ production. They further suggest that dimerization of APP-C99 or the specific targeting of individual residues regulating the production of the long, toxic Aβ species, may offer two therapeutic strategies for preventing AD.
System/subsystem engineering interface considerations and R&D requirements for IEF/QED engine systems (1998)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert W. Bussard, H. D. Froning; System/subsystem engineering interface considerations and R&D requirements for IEF/QED engine systems. AIP Conf. Proc. 15 January 1998; 420 (1): 1344–1351. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.54758 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The role of hemagglutination and effect of exopolysaccharide production on bifidobacteria adhesion to Caco-2 cells in vitro (2010)

It is believed that an important criterion for a potential probiotic strain is that it is capable of adhering to mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between exopolysaccharide production and adhesion to Caco-2 cells by Bifidobacterium breve A28 and Bifidobacterium bifidum A10. In a preselection process, the hemagglutination abilities of these bacteria were determined prior to undertaking adhesion studies. B. breve A28, which produces large amounts of EPS (97.00 ± 2.00 mg/l) and has good hemagglutination abilities (+3) was found to adhere strongly to Caco-2 cells. Under gastrointestinal conditions, the high EPS producing- B. breve A28 was found to have better viability and adhesion to Caco-2 cells than the low EPS producing- B. bifidum A10. Also, B. breve A28 was found to be more effective at inhibiting Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 than B. bifidum A10. This investigation showed that high EPS production and adhesion ability may be important in the selection of bifidobacteria as probiotic strains.