gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dectin-1 Stimulation Induces Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1, Thereby Modulating TLR Signaling and T Cell Responses (2012)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins serve as negative regulators of cytokine receptor signaling. However, SOCS proteins are not only induced via the JAK/STAT pathway, but are also transcribed on triggering of pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs. We now show that SOCS1 can also be induced by the non-TLR pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1 in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages (BMMs). The C-type lectin Dectin-1 binds to yeasts and signals either in an autonomous manner or can be triggered in combination with TLRs. In our study, SOCS1 was expressed independently of any TLR engagement as a direct target gene of the Dectin-1 ligand Zymosan. Induction of SOCS1 was mediated by a novel pathway encompassing the tyrosine kinases Src and Syk that activated the downstream kinase proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, in turn, caused activation of the MAPK ERK, thereby triggering SOCS1 induction. SOCS1 did not modulate Dectin-1 signaling but affected TLR signaling, leading to decreased and abbreviated NF-κB activation in BMMs triggered by TLR9. Furthermore, IL-12 and IL-10 secretion were inhibited by SOCS1. We additionally observed that IL-17-producing Th cells were clearly increased by SOCS1 in BMMs. Our results show that SOCS1 is expressed via a new, NF-κB-independent pathway in Dectin-1-triggered murine BMMs and influences TLR cross talk and T cell priming.
Peptide Hydrogels – Versatile Matrices for 3D Cell Culture in Cancer Medicine (2015)

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems have contributed tremendously to our understanding of cancer biology but have significant limitations in mimicking in vivo conditions such as the tumor microenvironment. In vitro, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models represent a more accurate, intermediate platform between simplified 2D culture models and complex and expensive in vivo models. 3D in vitro models can overcome 2D in vitro limitations caused by the oversupply of nutrients, and unphysiological cell-cell and cell-material interactions, and allow for dynamic interactions between cells, stroma, and extracellular matrix. In addition, 3D cultures allow for the development of concentration gradients, including oxygen, metabolites, and growth factors, with chemical gradients playing an integral role in many cellular functions ranging from development to signaling in normal epithelia and cancer environments in vivo. Currently, the most common matrices used for 3D culture are biologically derived materials such as matrigel and collagen. However, in recent years, more defined, synthetic materials have become available as scaffolds for 3D culture with the advantage of forming well-defined, designed, tunable materials to control matrix charge, stiffness, porosity, nanostructure, degradability, and adhesion properties, in addition to other material and biological properties. One important area of synthetic materials currently available for 3D cell culture is short sequence, self-assembling peptide hydrogels. In addition to the review of recent work toward the control of material, structure, and mechanical properties, we will also discuss the biochemical functionalization of peptide hydrogels and how this functionalization, coupled with desired hydrogel material characteristics, affects tumor cell behavior in 3D culture.
Synthesis, Toxicological, Pharmacological Assessment, and in Vitro Bronchodilating Activity of some 7-Theophyllinylacetyloxyglycols (1998)

The synthesis of four ester derivatives of 7-theophylline-acetic acid and glycols by DCC/DMAP-mediated esterification under mild conditions was studied. The structures of the synthesized compounds were proved by microanalyses, UV-, IR-, and 1H-NMR data. Acute toxicity assessment of the compounds in mice showed that compounds 2a-d are less toxic than aminophylline. It was shown by in vivo experiments that 2a-d had depressive action on CNS (increasing of hexobarbital sleeping time and decreasing of spontaneous locomotor activity), and they did not influence to a statistically significant extent the normal 24 hour diuresis of rats (except 2c). The results of cardiovascular screening in rats show that compounds 2a and 2c decreased the heart rate of rats. A pharmacological study of the in vitro broncholytic effect (IC50 and pD2 values) of the derivatives and aminophylline showed that 2c exhibited good broncholytic effect in vitro especially in acetylcholine and serotonin induced guinea pig tracheal contraction. It was demonstrated that compounds 2b,c exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on the enzymic activity of phosphodiesterase in concentration 2 x 10(-3) M than aminophylline.
Best-first Decision Tree Learning (2007)

Decision trees are potentially powerful predictors and explicitly represent the structure of a dataset. Standard decision tree learners such as C4.5 expand nodes in depth-first order (Quinlan, 1993), while in best-first decision tree learners the ”best ” node is expanded first. The ”best ” node is the node whose split leads to maximum reduction of impurity (e.g. Gini index or information in this thesis) among all nodes available for splitting. The resulting tree will be the same when fully grown, just the order in which it is built is different. In practice, some branches of a fully-expanded tree do not truly reflect the underlying information in the domain. This problem is known as overfitting and is mainly caused by noisy data. Pruning is necessary to avoid overfitting the training data, and discards those parts that are not predictive of future data. Best-first node expansion enables us to investigate new pruning techniques by determining the number of expansions performed based on cross-validation. This thesis first introduces the algorithm for building binary best-first decision trees for classification problems. Then, it investigates two new pruning methods that
Prevention and treatment of lethal influenza A virus bronchopneumonia in mice by monoclonal antibody against haemagglutinin stem region. (1997)

The protective properties of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) C179 directed to the stem region of haemagglutinin (HA) H2 that possessed fusion-inhibition and unique broad cross-neutralizing activities were examined in a mouse model. The MoAb efficiently protected mice against a lethal challenge with pneumovirulent human (H1) and avian (H2) strains of influenza A virus. Survival rates in mice that received intraperitonealy (i.p.) 1000 micrograms of the MoAb per mouse a day before the virus challenge were 90% for H1 and 100% for H2 strain. The dose of the MoAb of 100 micrograms per mouse significantly decreased mortality in mice. Moreover, the MoAb was also efficient in treatment of lethal bronhopneumonia caused by H2 influenza virus. The survival rate in mice that received 1000 micrograms of the MoAb per mouse 2 days after the virus challenge was 90%, while that in the control group was 30% only. These results indicate that the MoAb was effective in protection of animals against lethal influenza A infection without significant difference between H1 and H2 subtypes. The MoAb exerted significant effect in treatment of mice infected with H2 influenza virus. Thus, these data allow to suggest that the stem region of HA might be a potential target for prevention of influenza virus infection and antiviral therapy.
Crucial Role of ROCK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice (2013)

ROCK2 in VSMC contributes to the pathogenesis of PAH.
George L. Bond, M.D. 1874–1966 (1968)

George L. Bond, M.D. 1874–1966 Get access Harry L. Clark Harry L. Clark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 49, Issue 1, 1 January 1968, Page 113, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/49.1.113 Published: 01 January 1968
Acute overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase-A perturbs beta-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. (2000)

Islet beta-cells express low levels of lactate dehydrogenase and have high glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity. To determine whether this configuration favors oxidative glucose metabolism via mitochondria in the beta-cell and is important for beta-cell metabolic signal transduction, we have determined the effects on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion of acute overexpression of the skeletal muscle isoform of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A. Monitored in single MIN6 beta-cells, LDH hyperexpression (achieved by intranuclear cDNA microinjection or adenoviral infection) diminished the response to glucose of both phases of increases in mitochondrial NAD(P)H, as well as increases in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic free ATP, and cystolic free Ca2+. These effects were observed at all glucose concentrations, but were most pronounced at submaximal glucose levels. Correspondingly, adenoviral vector-mediated LDH-A overexpression reduced insulin secretion stimulated by 11 mmol/l glucose and the subsequent response to stimulation with 30 mmol/l glucose, but it was without significant effect when the concentration of glucose was raised acutely from 3 to 30 mmol/l. Thus, overexpression of LDH activity interferes with normal glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in the islet beta-cell type, and it may therefore be directly responsible for insulin secretory defects in some forms of type 2 diabetes. The results also reinforce the view that glucose-derived pyruvate metabolism in the mitochondrion is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the beta-cell.
Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants (2014)

This paper deals with the design and the experimental validation in scale-lab test benches of an energy management algorithm based on feedback control techniques for a flywheel energy storage device. The aim of the flywheel is to smooth the net power injected to the grid by a wind turbine or by a wind power plant. In particular, the objective is to compensate the power disturbances produced by the cycling torque disturbances of the wind turbines due to the airflow deviation through its tower section. This paper describes the control design, its tuning, as well as the description of the experimental setup, and the methods for the experimental validation of the proposed concepts. Results show that the fast wind power fluctuations can be mostly compensated through the flywheel support.
Effect of Adatoms in the Electrocatalysis of HCOOH Oxidation. A Theoretical Model (1997)

A simple model for simulating the electrooxidation of HCOOH on single crystal surfaces of Pt catalyzed by adatoms is presented. The substrate is represented as a square or hexagonal array of lattice points, which may be occupied by adatoms or poisoning species. Analytic expressions for the oxidation current as a function of the adatom coverage are given. Third body effects as well as real improvement of the catalytic activity are analyzed. The model fits satisfactorily some experimental data for the electrooxidation of formic acid on Pt/adatoms systems.
Towards 1TbE using Coherent WDM (2008)

In this paper we report the transmission properties of a 0.3 Tbit/s coherent WDM signal and confirm the scalability of this signal to 0.6 Tbit/s using polarisation division multiplexing.
Bioinspired nanoencapsulation of purple membranes (2008)

Embedding biological compounds, e.g. enzymes or whole cells, in solid host material seems to be a promising approach to widen their field of application far beyond the limits of natural conditions. In fields such as medicine and biotechnology, there is great interest in new methods to produce these types of composite materials in the form of micro- or nanosized particles. Such methods should be applicable to large amounts of substance. Inspired by one of nature's remarkable features-its ability to combine (bio)organic and inorganic components at the nanoscale-we developed a generic silica encapsulation method for biomolecules based on the concepts of polyelectrolyte layer adsorption followed by templated silica mineralization similar to biomineralization in diatoms. Application of this method to the model substance purple membrane (PM) resulted in a defined hybrid material with a nanoscale protective encapsulating silica shell providing a high barrier for the diffusion of low molecular weight molecules.
Immersion fixation with Carnoy solution for conventional immunohistochemical detection of particular <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐aspartate receptor subunits in murine hippocampus (2003)

Immunoblotting analysis revealed heterologous distribution profiles of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits GluR zeta-1, GluR epsilon-1, and GluR epsilon-2 in membrane preparations of different murine brain structures, with exclusive detection of GluR epsilon-3 subunit in cerebellar preparations. Mice were anesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PA), Zamboni, or Carnoy solution for subsequent immunohistochemical detection of these NMDA receptor subunits. In coronal brain sections from animals perfused with 4% PA and Zamboni solutions, high immunoreactivity was detected exclusively with GluR zeta-1, GluR epsilon-1, GluR epsilon-2, and GluR epsilon-3 subunits in the pyramidal and dentate granular layers, where the GluR epsilon-3 subunit is supposed to be absent. By contrast, high immunoreactivity was detected with GluR zeta-1, GluR epsilon-1, and GluR epsilon-2, but not GluR epsilon-3, subunits in the strata oriens and radiatum of the CA1 subfield without immunoreactivity along the pyramidal and granular layers when sections were prepared by immersion fixation with Carnoy solution after dissection from brains of mice decapitated. On these sections, relatively high immunoreactivity was found also with GluR zeta-1, GluR epsilon-1, and GluR epsilon-2 subunits in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 region, the strata oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum-moleculare of the CA3 region, and the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus, respectively. The systemic administration of kainate led to significant decreases in immunoreactivity to GluR zeta-1, GluR epsilon-1, and GluR epsilon-2 subunits in the CA1 and CA3 subfields on brain sections prepared by immersion fixation with Carnoy solution. These results suggest that immersion fixation with Carnoy solution may be suitable and appropriate for reproducible and quantitative immunohistochemical detection of particular NMDA receptor subunits in murine hippocampus.
Recovering lossy multiconductor transmission line parameters from impedance or scattering representations (2002)

In this paper we present a generalization of the simultaneous diagonalization technique by means of congruence transformations to the general reciprocal lossy multiconductor transmission line case. The method paves the way to solving the inverse problem, i.e. given a lossy multiconductor transmission line system of a given length, recover the transmission line parameters from the impedance or scattering descriptions.
Synthesis and <i>in Vitro</i> Degradation of Testosterone‐Lipid Conjugates (1995)

Testosterone-lipid conjugates were obtained by covalent binding of the drug to 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol via succinic acid to 4-(1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-glyceryl)butyric acid and to 3-palmitoyloxy-2-palmitoyloxmethylpropionic acid. In contrast to the corresponding bis-deacyl derivatives, the lipids were not significantly hydrolyzed in aqueous buffers and in plasma. Incubation with pancreatic lipase yielded primarily the bis-deacyl compounds, which are comparable to monoglycerides, and subsequently slowly liberated testosterone. It is concluded that the lipid conjugates are substrates for pancreatic lipase. However, the drug was released very slowly due to steric hindrance.
A software development support portal (SDSP) based on a peer-to-peer platform - a case study (2005)

As more and more organizations and companies increasingly outsource system development projects offshore the complexity of management and support increases proportionally. Traditional software development support tools are no longer sufficient to support a geographically and culturally diversified development team. Furthermore, to increase the chance of success, clients and stakeholders should be invited to participate in every step of the development. There is a need of a software development support portal (SDSP) to tie all the pieces together. In this paper, we propose a software development support portal that is designed and implemented based on a commercially available peer-to-peer (P2P) platform.
Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance. (1998)

T1-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance images can be acquired with an echo time such that water and lipid spins are in phase or opposed phase. Observation of relative loss of signal intensity on opposed-phase images compared with that on in-phase images allows qualitative assessment of relatively small amounts of lipid in tissues. Conversely, frequency-selective fat saturation techniques are useful primarily for identifying predominantly fatty masses such as angiomyolipomas. Both in-phase and opposed-phase images should be acquired with similar parameters because unequivocal identification of lipid requires comparison with in-phase images to control for T1 and T2* effects. Opposed-phase imaging has been used to differentiate adrenal adenomas, which contain lipid, from adrenal metastases, which do not. The technique can be expanded to examine a spectrum of intraabdominal tumors and conditions that are characterized by intracellular lipid. These include hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular neoplasms, myelolipoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, angiomyolipoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In liver masses, the presence of lipid is largely restricted to primary hepatocellular tumors. Renal and adrenal masses may contain focal fat (angiomyolipomas and myelolipomas, respectively) or diffuse lipid (clear cell renal carcinomas and adenomas, respectively).
Application of MRI to Monitor the Process of Navel Orange Ripening (2012)

Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was used to evaluate the capacity of NMR spectrometry in characterizing the different behaviors of water protons in navel orange during growth. Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence and mult-exponential regress model were used to calculate the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of orange samples. Meanwhile, chemical properties (etc. total sugar, acid and solid content) were tested. Statistics analysis shows a correlation between chemical properties of orange and NMR relaxation time during growth, which indicate that interactions between molecules and water protons in orange are involved. Evaluating the behavior of liquid water by NMR shows a new view for better understanding the mechanisms of the macromolecular formation. Changes in NMR relaxation time parameters would be helpful for understanding the mechanism of decay and damage. Therefore, it would be helpful for finding a better food preserving method for the long term storage in the future.
Effect of Variety, Processing, and Storage on the Flavonoid Glycoside Content and Composition of Lettuce and Endive (2000)

Eight varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativum) and three varieties of endive (Cichorium endivia) were analyzed for flavonoid composition and content. Total flavonoid contents, expressed as units of aglycon for fresh material, were in the ranges of 0.3-229 microg/g for lettuce and 44-248 microg/g for endive. Five quercetin conjugates [quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside] and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide were measured in the green-leafed lettuce and an additional two cyanidin conjugates [cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-[(6-O-malonyl)glucoside]] in the red-leafed varieties. Three kaempferol conjugates [kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide, and kaempferol 3-O-[6-O-malonyl)glucoside]] were measured in each of the endive varieties. The presence and identity of kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside in endive was shown for the first time. Shredding of lettuce leaf followed by exposure to light produced significant losses of the flavonoid moiety in the green oak leaf (94%), red oak leaf (43%), iceberg (36%), green batavia (25%), lollo biondo (24%), and lollo rosso (6%) samples, whereas cos and green salad bowl samples did not show an overall loss. Shredding of endive also produced loss of the flavonoid moiety in escarole (32%), fine frisee (13%), and coarse frisee (8%). Significant demalonation was observed for both the quercetin and cyanidin glucosides in lettuce, whereas a similar degradation of the kaempferol analogue was found in endive tissue. Storage of whole heads of both lettuce and endive in the dark at 1 degrees C and 98% humidity for 7 days resulted in losses of total flavonol glycosides in the range of 7-46%. The identification of the amounts, position of substitution, and nature of the sugars is important for understanding the potential bioavailability and biological activities of flavonoids in salads.
Physicochemical and biologic properties of interferons and their potential uses in drug delivery systems. (1992)

Interferons (IFNs) are a complex group of proteins and glycoproteins able to express antiviral, immunomodulatory, and differentiation activities. In physiological conditions, they are produced upon induction, in basal amounts, and in restricted microenvironments where they act in a paracrine fashion, hardly reaching the circulation and not affecting parenchymal cells. In some acute infections, production of IFN is diffused and, therefore, IFN levels become detectable in plasma, and side effects, such as the typical flu-like syndrome, ensue. A similar situation occurs during pharmacological therapy, particularly when IFN is administered through conventional routes (IV, IM, and SC). We have finally realized that IFNs are normally not circulatory proteins, and because they are unselective during therapeutic intervention, toxicity can overcome beneficial effects. For this reason, there is a pressing need to optimize treatment, dosages, and schedules for improving the therapeutic index. A further important issue is the definition of routes of IFN administration able to achieve the maximal activity where needed, and in fact, when IFNs are used as cytostatic drugs, regional therapy improves the treatment. However, when IFNs are used as immunomodulatory agents, other strategies must be sought, and the interaction of IFN with epithelial membranes and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue becomes important. Hence, delivery via oropharyngeal, intestinal, rectal, bronchioalveolar, and lymphatic routes appears useful probably because they simulate the physiological distribution and action of IFNs.
ConceptExplorer: Visual Analysis of Concept Drifts in Multi-source Time-series Data (2020)

Time-series data is widely studied in various scenarios, like weather forecast, stock market, customer behavior analysis. To comprehensively learn about the dynamic environments, it is necessary to comprehend features from multiple data sources. This paper proposes a novel visual analysis approach for detecting and analyzing concept drifts from multi-sourced time-series. We propose a visual detection scheme for discovering concept drifts from multiple sourced time-series based on prediction models. We design a drift level index to depict the dynamics, and a consistency judgment model to justify whether the concept drifts from various sources are consistent. Our integrated visual interface, ConceptExplorer, facilitates visual exploration, extraction, understanding, and comparison of concepts and concept drifts from multi-source time-series data. We conduct three case studies and expert interviews to verify the effectiveness of our approach.