gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically dominated engineered coastal breakwaters (2012)

Coastal land loss in Louisiana is occurring at astounding rates. New technologies for shoreline protection are needed that incorporate traditional engineering designs with natural systems (e.g., oyster reefs). Under optimal environmental conditions eastern Oysters (Crassotrea virginica) can biologically dominate artificial concrete reef structures used as coastal breakwaters within the intertidal zone. These reefs can also serve as oyster broodstock sanctuaries providing a nexus to the public oyster grounds benefiting the aquaculture industry. The use of biologically dominated, engineered breakwaters may provide a viable solution to coastal restoration and shoreline protection challenges. Biologically dominated coastal breakwaters can be integrated into coastal zone management strategies to preserve coastal resources by offering compatible uses across multiple disciplines. An experimental study was conducted at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge monitoring material strength, sediment accretion, and oyster biometrics on high-relief, three-dimensional artificial reefs using concrete scaffoldings for growth substrates. Spat plate data on these reefs indicated the spring spatfall exceeded 10,000 spat/m^2 in some locations. Oyster shell height measurements of 50 cm were recorded after six months growth, with oyster counts exceeding 500 per m^2 on the artificial concrete modular breakwater reefs. Alternate concrete substrates (i.e., vitrified expanded clay) showed optimal strength and weight when compared to traditional higher density aggregates, weighing less than 50% by volume with no statistically significant difference in ASTM 39 standards for compressive strength (3,328 lbs with P<.001). Biologically dominated concrete structures showed a significant increase in ASTM 78 standards for flexural strength over time from an initial 28-day curing load of 100 lbs to loads of 479 lbs in six months and 1,344 lbs in two years. Pilot scale breakwater emplacements dominated by biological growth accumulated nearly 4 m3 of sediment over four years. Heavy and light density reef emplacements installed for less than one year accreted 1.6 and 0.37 m3 of sediment, respectively, relative to baseline cross-shore transects with no breakwater emplacements.
Biological Activity of<i>trans</i>-2-Hexenal Against<i>Bradysia odoriphaga</i>(Diptera: Sciaridae) at Different Developmental Stages (2015)

trans-2-Hexenal, one of the C6 green leaf volatiles, is potentially useful for the control of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. In this study, the biological activity of trans-2-hexenal on B. odoriphaga was assessed in the laboratory. trans-2-Hexenal was observed to kill B. odoriphaga in different developmental stages at a relatively low concentration under fumigation. The respiration rate in the male treatment group decreased from 131.44 to 4.07 nmol/g · min with a prolonged fumigation time, while the respiration rate in females decreased from 128.82 to 24.20 nmol/g · min. Male adults exhibited a more sensitive electroantennogram response at 0.05-500 μl/ml at the dose of 10.0 μl than female adults. Moreover, trans-2-hexenal had a repellent effect on adults based on the results with a Y-tube olfactometer at 10.0 μl, as shown by the deterrent rate of male and female adults with 96.67% and 98.33%, respectively. The results showed that trans-2-hexenal had good biological activity in different developmental stages of B. odoriphaga, which could reduce the need for, and risks associated with, the use of traditional insecticides and enable nonharmful management.
Diversity of Listeria Species in Urban and Natural Environments (2012)

A total of 442 Listeria isolates, including 234 Listeria seeligeri, 80 L. monocytogenes, 74 L. welshimeri, 50 L. innocua, and 4 L. marthii isolates, were obtained from 1,805 soil, water, and other environmental samples collected over 2 years from four urban areas and four areas representing natural environments. Listeria spp. showed similar prevalences in samples from natural (23.4%) and urban (22.3%) environments. While L. seeligeri and L. welshimeri were significantly associated with natural environments (P ≤ 0.0001), L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were significantly associated with urban environments (P ≤ 0.0001). Sequencing of sigB for all isolates revealed 67 allelic types with a higher level of allelic diversity among isolates from urban environments. Some Listeria spp. and sigB allelic types showed significant associations with specific urban and natural areas. Nearest-neighbor analyses also showed that certain Listeria spp. and sigB allelic types were spatially clustered within both natural and urban environments, and there was evidence that these species and allelic types persisted over time in specific areas. Our data show that members of the genus Listeria not only are common in urban and natural environments but also show species- and subtype-specific associations with different environments and areas. This indicates that Listeria species and subtypes within these species may show distinct ecological preferences, which suggests (i) that molecular source-tracking approaches can be developed for Listeria and (ii) that detection of some Listeria species may not be a good indicator for L. monocytogenes.
Effect of flow on polymer‐polymer miscibility (1995)

Abstract The effect of shear flow on the phase behaviour of partially miscible blends exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature behaviour has been investigated. Miscibility limits were detected, with and without the application of flow, as changes from optical clarity to turbidity using light scattering and as the appearance of double glass transition temperatures. Light scattering data were collected on a rheo‐optical device that was designed to monitor phase changes in polymer blends undergoing shear flow between parallel glass plates in a temperature controlled environment. Glass transition temperatures of some quenched sheared blends were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter in order to confirm the conclusions from the light scattering data. It was found that shear induced demixing and shear induced mixing may be observed within the same blend depending on the magnitude of the applied flow. Miscibility gaps and closed miscibility loops may appear in the phase diagrams. At certain temperatures and shear rates unusual scattering patterns were observed and these were associated with a “ripple” morphology when directly viewed through the microscope.
The clinical use of quantitative EEG in cognitive disorders (2009)

The primary diagnosis of most cognitive disorders is clinically based, but the EEG plays a role in evaluating, classifying and following some of these disorders. There is an ongoing debate over routine use of qEEG. Although many findings regarding the clinical use of quantitative EEG are awaiting validation by independent investigators while confirmatory clinical follow-up studies are also needed, qEEG can be cautiously used by a skilled neurophysiologist in cognitive dysfunctions to improve the analysis of background activity, slow/fast focal activity, subtle asymmetries, spikes and waves, as well as in longitudinal follow-ups.
A unique strategy for mRNA cap methylation used by vesicular stomatitis virus (2006)

Nonsegmented negative-sense (nsNS) RNA viruses typically replicate within the host cell cytoplasm and do not have access to the host mRNA capping machinery. These viruses have evolved a unique mechanism for mRNA cap formation in that the guanylyltransferase transfers GDP rather than GMP onto the 5' end of the RNA. Working with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototype nsNS RNA virus, we now provide genetic and biochemical evidence that its mRNA cap methylase activities are also unique. Using recombinant VSV, we determined the function in mRNA cap methylation of a predicted binding site in the polymerase for the methyl donor, S-adenosyl-l-methionine. We found that amino acid substitutions to this site disrupted methylation at the guanine-N-7 (G-N-7) position or at both the G-N-7 and ribose-2'-O (2'-O) positions of the mRNA cap. These studies provide genetic evidence that the two methylase activities share an S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding site and show that, in contrast to other cap methylation reactions, methylation of the G-N-7 position is not required for 2'-O methylation. These findings suggest that VSV evolved an unusual strategy of mRNA cap methylation that may be shared by other nsNS RNA viruses.
Expression of cell cycle markers in colorectal carcinoma: Superiority of cyclin A as an indicator of poor prognosis (1999)

Our aim was to analyze the relationship between the proliferative activity of cancer cells, assessed using some cell cycle markers, and clinicopathological factors in colorectal carcinoma patients. Immunostaining for Ki-67 (pan-cell cycle marker), cyclin D1 (G1-phase marker) and cyclin A (S- to G2-phase marker), and in situ hybridization for histone H3 mRNA (S-phase marker) were carried out. Immunoreactivity was evaluated semiquantitatively using a scoring system to calculate a staining index (SI). The expression of cyclin D1, histone H3 mRNA and cyclin A correlated significantly with Ki-67 antigen expression. The SIs of Ki-67, cyclin A and histone H3 mRNA were significantly higher in patients > or = 65 years of age than in those < 65. The SIs of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were significantly higher than in the other tumor types. Furthermore, the SI of cyclin D1 in carcinomas with lymph node metastasis was higher than in carcinomas without metastasis and was higher in advanced carcinomas than early carcinomas. The overall survival was significantly lower in patients with cyclin A overexpression than in those without. Multivariate analysis indicated that cyclin A overexpression is an independent prognostic factor in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Our results indicate that cyclin D1 overexpression correlates with poor adenocarcinoma differentiation and tumor progression, and cyclin A overexpression is a superior indicator of poor prognosis compared with the other cell cycle markers tested.
CINEMA: a system for procedural camera movements (1992)

This paper presents a general system for camera movement upon which a wide variety of higher-level methods and applications can be built. In addition to the basic commands for camera placement, a key attribute of the CINEMA system is the ability to inquire information directly about the 3D world through which the camera is moving. With this information high-level procedures can be written that closely correspond to more natural camera specifications. Examples of some high-level procedures are presented. In addition, methods for overcoming deficiencies of this procedural approach are proposed.
Sweeping and Weeping (2020)

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.
<i>In Vitro</i> Characterization of a Bivalent Anti-HER-2 Affibody with Potential for Radionuclide-Based Diagnostics (2005)

The 185 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) (p185/neu, c-ErbB-2) is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers. Overexpression in breast cancer correlates with poor patient prognosis, and visualization of HER-2 expression might provide valuable diagnostic information influencing patient management. We have previously described the generation of a new type of affinity ligand, a 58-amino-acid affibody (Z(HER2:4)) with specific binding to HER-2. In order to benefit from avidity effects, we have created a bivalent form of the affibody ligand, (Z(HER2:4))2. The monovalent and bivalent ligands were compared in various assays. The new bivalent affibody has a molecular weight of 15.6 kDa and an apparent affinity (K(D)) against HER-2 of 3 nM. After radioiodination, using the linker molecule N-succinimidyl p-(trimethylstannyl) benzoate (SPMB), in vitro binding assays showed specific binding to HER-2 overexpressing cells. Internalization of 125I was shown after delivery with both the monovalent and the bivalent affibody. The cellular retention of 125I was longer after delivery with the bivalent affibody when compared to delivery with the monovalent affibody. With approximately the same affinity as the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) but only one tenth of the size, this new bivalent molecule is a promising candidate for radionuclide-based detection of HER-2 expression in tumors. 125I was used in this study as a surrogate marker for the diagnostically relevant radioisotopes 123I for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/gamma-camera imaging and 124I for positron emission tomography (PET).
Mitotic regulators and the SHP2-MAPK pathway promote IR endocytosis and feedback regulation of insulin signaling (2019)

Insulin controls glucose homeostasis and cell growth through bifurcated signaling pathways. Dysregulation of insulin signaling is linked to diabetes and cancer. The spindle checkpoint controls the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here, we show that insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) cooperate with spindle checkpoint proteins to promote insulin receptor (IR) endocytosis through recruiting the clathrin adaptor complex AP2 to IR. A phosphorylation switch of IRS1/2 orchestrated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2) ensures selective internalization of activated IR. SHP2 inhibition blocks this feedback regulation and growth-promoting IR signaling, prolongs insulin action on metabolism, and improves insulin sensitivity in mice. We propose that mitotic regulators and SHP2 promote feedback inhibition of IR, thereby limiting the duration of insulin signaling. Targeting this feedback inhibition can improve insulin sensitivity.
Semiconductor Scintillator for Three‐Dimensional Array of Radiation Detectors (2010)

The semiconductor scintillator does not suffer from the non-proportionality effects and its energy resolution is limited by energy branching in the same way as it is for semiconductor diodes. This chapter first discusses three-dimensional array of scintillator voxels. A stack of individually contacted 2D pixellated semiconductor slabs forms a 3D array of scintillator voxels. A gamma photon incident on such an array undergoes several Compton interactions depositing varying amounts of energy in voxels with coordinates. The chapter explains the problems with scintillator based on Burstein shift. In high-quality direct-gap semiconductors, most of the scintillation photons reaching the detectors' surface are not photons directly generated by the electrons and holes at the site of the gamma particle interaction, but photons that have been re-absorbed and re-emitted a multiple number of times. This phenomenon is known as photon recycling. In order to take advantage of photon recycling, double-sided integrated photodiodes appear necessary. Controlled Vocabulary Terms radiation detectors; solid scintillation detectors
Conceptual Modeling of Temporal Clinical Workflows (2007)

The diffusion of clinical guidelines to describe the proper way to deal with patients' situations is spreading out and opens new issues in the context of modeling and managing (temporal) information about medical activities. Guidelines can be seen as processes describing the sequence of activities to be executed, and thus approaches proposed in the business context can be used to model them. In this paper, we propose a general conceptual workflow model, considering both activities and their temporal properties, and focus on the representation of clinical guidelines by the proposed model.
Effect of polarity of the medium on the stereospecific polymerization of propylene by <i>ansa</i>‐zirconocene catalyst (1994)

Abstract Propylene was polymerized with rac ‐ethylene‐bis (1‐η 5 ‐indenyl)dichlorozirconium/methylaluminoxane in solvents of different polarity. The poly (propylene) formed was separated by solvent extraction; 13 C‐NMR and DSC measurements were made on the polymer fractions. The poly(propylene) in each solvent fraction has its characteristic molecular weight steric pentad distributions, melting transition temperature, and enthalpy for fusion irrespective of the polymerization medium. The results suggest that the medium dielectric constant does not affect the polymerization rate or the intrinsic stereoselectivity, propagation and chain transfer rates a given catalytic species but can alter the occurrence of steric insertion errors through shifting of distributions of the propagating species producing poly(propylenes) of different stereoregularities. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lipoprotein Access to MHC Class I Presentation During Infection of Murine Macrophages with Live Mycobacteria (2001)

Following uptake by macrophages, live mycobacteria initially reside within an immature phagosome that resists acidification and retains access to recycling endosomes. Glycolipids are exported from the mycobacterial phagosome and become available for immune recognition by CD1-restricted T cells. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that lipoproteins might similarly escape from the phagosome and act as immune targets in cells infected with live mycobacteria. We have focused on a 19-kDa lipoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that was previously shown to be recognized by CD8(+) T cells. The 19-kDa Ag was found to traffic separately from live mycobacteria within infected macrophages by a pathway that was dependent on acylation of the protein. When expressed as a recombinant protein in rapid-growing mycobacteria, the 19-kDa Ag was able to deliver peptides for recognition by MHC class I-restricted T cells by a TAP-independent mechanism. Entry into the class I pathway was rapid, dependent on acylation, and could be blocked by killing the mycobacteria by heating before infection. Although the pattern of 19-kDa trafficking was similar with different mycobacterial species, preliminary experiments suggest that class I presentation is more efficient during infection with rapid-growing mycobacteria than with the slow-growing bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine strain.
Vector quantization for the efficient computation of continuous density likelihoods (1993)

In speech recognition systems based on continuous observation density hidden Markov models, the computation of the state likelihoods is an intensive task. The author presents an efficient method for the computation of the likelihoods defined by weighted sums (mixtures) of Gaussians. This method uses vector quantization of the input feature vector to identify a subset of Gaussian neighbors. It is shown that, under certain conditions, instead of computing the likelihoods of all the Gaussians, one needs to compute the likelihoods of only the Gaussian neighbours. Significant (up to a factor of nine) likelihood computation reductions have been obtained on various data bases, with only a small loss of recognition accuracy.< <ETX>></ETX>
Examination of Nursing Diagnoses for Adults Hospitalized with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 1982–1990 (1991)

The literature on nursing care of the hospitalized adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from 1982 to the present was examined, and 16 formal care plans were extracted. The nursing care plans were examined for commonalities of identified nursing diagnoses, which were then tabulated according to frequency. Analysis of the types of problems addressed shows that five of the nine highest-frequency problems were physiologic (altered nutrition: less than body requirements, respiratory problems, impaired skin integrity, diarrhea, potential for infection). The other four problems were cognitive (altered thought processes), safety (potential for injury), social (social isolation), and a combination of physiologic and cognitive (pain). Validation of nursing diagnoses is needed as a solid foundation for nursing intervention research in the care of patients with AIDS.
Annealing effects on defect levels of CdTe:Cl materials and the uniformity of the electrical properties (2003)

CdTe crystals grown by the traveling heater method (THM) often show a pronounced nonuniformity along the ingots due to the thermal irregularities, the Te-excess growth conditions resulting from the retrograde slope of the solidus line of the phase diagram, and from the introduced impurities. In addition, structural defects can be present that influence the electrical and optical properties. The aim of this work is to study the annealing effects of Cl-doped CdTe on the uniformity of the material, the defects, the resistivity, the /spl mu//spl tau/ product, and on the detection properties. Samples have been annealed under various pressures (vacuum, argon, CdCl/sub 2/) and include different temperature stages between 250/spl deg/C and 850/spl deg/C. An increase of the resistivity was observed after a thermal treatment of these samples under argon pressure. In this case, the highest resistivity was obtained by annealing samples at 460/spl deg/C. The presence of CdCl/sub 2/ during the annealing leads to a better uniformity of the materials. The defects present in the materials have been investigated by photo-induced transient current spectroscopy (PICTS), thermo-electric emission spectroscopy (TEES), and thermally stimulated current (TSC) methods, which allow the calculation of their activation energy, their cross section, and their concentration.
Finite-Length Scaling for Iteratively Decoded LDPC Ensembles (2009)

We investigate the behavior of iteratively decoded low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary erasure channel in the so-called ldquowaterfall region.rdquo We show that the performance curves in this region follow a simple scaling law. We conjecture that essentially the same scaling behavior applies in a much more general setting and we provide some empirical evidence to support this conjecture. The scaling law, together with the error floor expressions developed previously, can be used for a fast finite-length optimization.
Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector (2017)

To improve the performance of solar adsorption refrigeration, an experimental system with a solar concentration collector was set up and investigated. The main components of the system were the adsorbent bed, the condenser, the evaporator, the cooling sub-system, and the solar collector. In the first step of the experiment, the vapor-saturated bed was heated by the solar radiation under closed conditions, which caused the bed temperature and pressure to increase. When the bed pressure became high enough, the bed was switched to connect to the condenser, thus water vapor flowed continually from the bed to the condenser to be liquefied. Next, the bed needed to cool down after the desorption. In the solar-shielded condition, achieved by aluminum foil, the circulating water loop was opened to the bed. With the water continually circulating in the bed, the stored heat in the bed was took out and the bed pressure decreased accordingly. When the bed pressure dropped below the saturation pressure at the evaporation temperature, the valve to the evaporator was opened. A mass of water vapor rushed into the bed and was adsorbed by the zeolite material. With the massive vaporization of the water in the evaporator, the refrigeration effect was generated finally. The experimental result has revealed that both the COP (coefficient of the performance of the system) and the SCP (specific cooling power of the system) of the SAPO-34 zeolite was greater than that of the ZSM-5 zeolite, no matter whether the adsorption time was longer or shorter. The system of the SAPO-34 zeolite generated a maximum COP of 0.169.