gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zebrafish Models of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: A Tool for Understanding the Disease Pathogenesis and Drug Discovery (2019)

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by red blood cell aplasia. Currently, mutations in 19 ribosomal protein genes have been identified in patients. However, the pathogenic mechanism of DBA remains unknown. Recently, several DBA models were generated in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of disease and to explore novel treatments. Zebrafish have strong advantages in drug discovery due to their rapid development and transparency during embryogenesis and their applicability to chemical screens. Together with mice, zebrafish have now become a powerful tool for studying disease mechanisms and drug discovery. In this review, we introduce recent advances in DBA drug development and discuss the usefulness of zebrafish as a disease model.
An illegal contents tracing system based on Web robot and fingerprinting scheme (2004)

As the multimedia technology advances, digital representation of multimedia contents has become popular. The characteristics of multimedia contents, which can be transmitted with high speed and copied without loss of quality, make more and more multimedia contents stored and transmitted in digital forms. However due to that characteristics, unauthorized copying and redistribution of multimedia contents is rapidly increased. For this reason, researchers have started looking for several techniques that allow copy control of digital multimedia data contents distribution systems, digital fingerprinting technique provides a good solution to avoid unauthorized copying. Digital fingerprinting is one possible application of digital watermarking. The owner of the distributor of the multimedia data can insert unique watermarks into copies for different customers or receivers. In this paper we propose an illegal contents tracing system on Internet by combining Web robot and fingerprinting scheme. In this system, Web robot traverses the Web and collects contents, and fingerprinting extractor looks for illegal contents. At the present time, a prototype system has been developed targeted to illegal images.
The Training of Chemists For Abstracting and Indexing (1956)

ing and indexing are important factors in record keeping for science. Both require a comprehensive knowledge of the science and special knowledge of the specific field in which work is done. Chemists preparing for abstracting and indexing should learn languages, including English. The American chemist should cultivate rapid reading with adequate comprehension, and skill in clear, concise expression in good English of the significant information learned by reading. A knowledge of chemical nomenclature is essential. Practice is important as a means of gaining judgment as to what should go into abstracts and what should go into an index. Accuracy and thoroughness are necessary. The growing possibility of mechanized help and its limitations should be recognized.
Non-destructive microwave evaluation of TBC delamination induced by acute angle laser drilling (2006)

Laser drilling has been applied to the production of cooling holes of various size and angles in the modern aerospace gas turbine components such as turbine blades, nozzle guide vanes, combustion chambers and afterburner. These parts are usually made of heat resistant nickel superalloys. The superalloy substrate is coated with yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to protect them from reaching excessive temperatures in hot engine environments. Drilling the parts at acute angles to the surface is complicated because (i) multiple layers are being drilled through, (ii) the melt ejection and heat flow patterns around the hole are non-symmetrical and (iii) the drilling distance is greater than when drilling normal to the surface. In a previous investigation by the authors, delamination of TBC was addressed as a main problem of angled drilling and mechanisms involved were discussed. Characterization of delamination cracks was normally performed via metallographic techniques. It involves sectioning the samples using an abrasive cutting machine, grinding with successively finer silicon carbide paper up to the centre of the hole and polishing to allow optical microscopic analysis of the cracks. However, clamping and sectioning process of thermal-spray-coated workpieces can introduce cracks in brittle coatings due to the drag of the cut-off wheels. Hence, it is not possible to decide if the delamination is caused as a result of post-process sectioning or laser drilling. In this paper, a microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique is employed to evaluate the integrity of TBC after acute angle laser drilling. An Agilent 8510 XF network analyser operating over the frequency range of 45 MHz to 110 GHz was used to measure the amplitude and phase variations of scattered waves. The results significantly indicated the existence of delamination of 1-1.5 mm long at the TBC/substrate interface on the leading edge part of an acute-angled hole laser drilled using a 400 W Nd:YAG laser. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Direct reverse transcriptase PCR to determine virulence potential of influenza A viruses in birds (1995)

A reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was used for rapid determination of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site sequence, a marker for the virulence potential of avian influenza viruses. When applied to specimens from chickens experimentally infected with either a virulent or an avirulent virus, RT-PCR uniformly detected the HA gene, even in specimens that were negative for virus by standard testing in eggs. This technique, combined with sequencing of the HA cleavage site, offers a rapid and sensitive way to assess the virulence potential of avian influenza viruses. Early detection of field isolates with virulence-associated structural motifs at the HA cleavage site would allow better control of influenza among large poultry populations.
Effects of the Calcining Temperature on the Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of 0.55PNN-0.45PZT Ceramics (2011)

Abstract The 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.45Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (0.55PNN-0.45PZT) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state reactions. The effects of calcining temperature on the particle size and piezoelectric properties of 0.55PNN-0.45PZT piezoelectric ceramics were investigated. The particle size and crystallinity of 0.55PNN-0.45PZT ceramic powders are influenced by calcining temperature, and therefore the microstructure and final piezoelectric properties of 0.55PNN-0.45PZT are different. The highest piezoelectric properties (d 33 = 720pC/N, k p = 0.55. ϵ r = 6255) were observed at the sample fabricated from the powder calcined at 1100°C, which was attributed to the improved crystallinity and the homogeneous distribution of the particles. Keywords: PNN-PZTcalcining temperatureparticle sizepiezoelectric properties Acknowledgment The present research was supported by the PCSIRT (IRT0968), the NSFC (90923029), the NSFC-NSF research (51161120326), the NSF of Jiangsu Province of China (BK2009020), the PNCET in University (NCET-10-0070), the NUAA Research Fund for Fundamental Research (NJ2010010, NZ2010001), the PAPD, the Funding of Jiangsu IPGE (CXZZ11-0194) and the FODD in NUAA (BCXJ11-02)
Resonant frequencies and quality factors for optical equilateral triangle resonators calculated by FDTD technique and the Pade approximation (2000)

The mode wavelength and quality factor (Q-factor) for resonant modes in optical equilateral triangle resonators (ETR's) are calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and the Pade approximation. For an ETR with the side length of 3 μm and the refractive index of 3.2, we get the mode wavelength interval of about 70 nm and the Q-factor of the fundamental mode over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The results show that the ETR is suitable to realize single-mode operation, and that the radiation loss in the corner regions of ETR is rather low. In addition, the numerical results of the mode wavelength agree very well with our analytical formula.
Psychological stress and fibromyalgia: a review of the evidence suggesting a neuroendocrine link. (2004)

The present review attempts to reconcile the dichotomy that exists in the literature in relation to fibromyalgia, in that it is considered either a somatic response to psychological stress or a distinct organically based syndrome. Specifically, the hypothesis explored is that the link between chronic stress and the subsequent development of fibromyalgia can be explained by one or more abnormalities in neuroendocrine function. There are several such abnormalities recognised that both occur as a result of chronic stress and are observed in fibromyalgia. Whether such abnormalities have an aetiologic role remains uncertain but should be testable by well-designed prospective studies.
Theory and experiments on supersonic air-to-air ejectors. (1958)

A comparison of experiment with theory is made for air ejectors having cylindrical mixing sections and operating under conditions of supersonic primary flow and either mixed or supersonic regimes of mixing. The effect on ejector performance of such parameters as mixer length and cross section, terminating diffuser, primary Mach number, and primary nozzle position is presented in terms of mass flow and pressure ratio.
Design and Synthesis of Celecoxib and Rofecoxib Analogues as Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors:  Replacement of Sulfonamide and Methylsulfonyl Pharmacophores by an Azido Bioisostere (2001)

Celecoxib (13) and rofecoxib (17) analogues, in which the respective SO2NH2 and SO2Me hydrogen-bonding pharmacophores were replaced by a dipolar azido bioisosteric substituent, were investigated. Molecular modeling (docking) studies showed that the azido substituent of these two analogues (13, 17) was inserted deep into the secondary pocket of the human COX-2 binding site where it undergoes electrostatic interaction with Arg(513). The azido analogue of rofecoxib (17), the most potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 (COX-1 IC(50) = 159.7 microM; COX-2 IC(50) = 0.196 microM; COX-2 selectivity index = 812), exhibited good oral antiinflammatory and analgesic activities.
Synthesis of Pyromellitonitrile and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Pyromellitonitrile and Related Compounds1EMIL A. LAWTON and DONNA D. McRITCHIECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1, 26–28Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01083a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01083a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views812Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A hypothetical explanation for the aging of skin. Chronologic alteration of the three-dimensional arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers in connective tissue. (1989)

To provide a morphologic basis for a better understanding of the "aging" of human skin, the authors studied the three-dimensional arrangement and chronological alterations of the fibrous components of the connective tissue using rats aged 2 weeks to 24 months with a new technique for scanning electron microscopy. These studies showed that with postnatal growth there was a dynamic rearrangement of the collagen and elastic fibers: an ordered arrangement of mature collagen bundles was attained by producing a distortion of the elastic fiber meshwork of relatively straight fibers. During adulthood, there was a subsequent tortuosity of the distorted elastic fibers coupled with an incomplete rebuilding of the elastic fiber network, laid down in a form to interlock with the collagen bundles. These changes provide a model for explaining manifestations of aged skin, such as laxity, sagging, and wrinkling. The tortuously fixed elastic fibers imply that they have been stretched and have lost their original elasticity and ability to restitute short and straight. Interlocking of both collagen and elastic fibers should disturb the two independent fibrous systems, as would normally be the case, and thus decrease tissue compliance.
Differentiation of adult bone marrow stem cells into neuroprogenitor cells in vitro (2002)

We found the expression of neurofilament was very low in undifferentiated human adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), but its expression could be significantly induced after treatment with combination of growth factors. Approximately 16% of hMSCs differentiated into cells expressing neurofilament after treatment with a combination of FGF and RA, retinoic acid. We also examined the effect of five different cell culture substrates on the expression of neurofilament. One specific combination that was particularly effective in provoking pre-neuronal differentiation was culturing hMSCs on fibronectin-coated dishes and stimulating them with FGF and RA; 40% of cells expressed neurofilament. These results suggest that growth factors and substrates, in combination, can effectively initiate differentiation of hMSCs along a neuronal pathway.
Detection of fault-prone program modules in a very large telecommunications system (2002)

Telecommunications software is known for its high reliability. Society has become so accustomed to reliable telecommunications, that failures can cause major disruptions. This is an experience report on application of discriminant analysis based on 20 static software product metrics, to identify fault prone modules in a large telecommunications system, so that reliability may be improved. We analyzed a sample of 2000 modules representing about 1.3 million lines of code, drawn from a much larger system. Sample modules were randomly divided into a fit data set and a test data set. We simulated utilization of the fitted model with the test data set. We found that identifying new modules and changed modules mere significant components of the discriminant model, and improved its performance. The results demonstrate that data on module reuse is a valuable input to quality models and that discriminant analysis can be a useful tool in early identification of fault prone software modules in large telecommunications systems. Model results could be used to identify those modules that would probably benefit from extra attention, and thus, reduce the risk of unexpected problems with those modules.
A Startup Method for Flying-Capacitor Modular Multilevel Converter (FC-MMC) With Effective Damping of LC Oscillations (2016)

The flying-capacitor modular multilevel converter (FC-MMC) overcomes the low-/zero-speed operation issue of conventional MMC in medium-voltage motor drive application. However, the introduced flying capacitor (FC) in each phase leg brings great difficulties for circuit startup: 1) precharging of FC to nominal voltage is necessary for normal operation; and 2) the oscillation between FC and inner buffer inductors need to be mitigated in the precharging process. In this paper, a startup method with simple control algorithm is proposed for solving the above two issues. The proposed method operates the switches of submodules (SMs) to make the FC connected in parallel with SM capacitors for charging up. Meanwhile, the oscillation caused by the equivalent LC circuit is effectively mitigated by properly implementing the damping modes. The suppressed oscillation prevents the FC from any negative voltage, which guarantees the safety of FC, especially when electrolytic capacitor is utilized. The validation of the proposal is proved by simulations and experiments.
Adhesion of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells to Laminin-1 Mediated by Dystroglycan (1999)

Expression of dystroglycan (DG) by cultured bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells was confirmed by cDNA cloning from a BAE cDNA library, Northern blotting of mRNA, Western blotting of membrane proteins, and double immunostaining with antibodies against betaDG and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed localization of DG in multiple plaques on the basal side of resting cells. This patchy distribution was obscured in migrating cells, in which the most prominent staining was observed in the trailing edge anchoring the cells to the substratum. Biotin-labeled laminin-1 overlay assay of dissociated BAE membrane proteins indicated the interaction of laminin-1 with alphaDG. The laminin alpha5 globular domain fragment expressed in bacteria and labeled with biotin could also bind alphaDG on the membrane blot, and the unlabeled fragment disrupted the binding of biotin-laminin-1 to alphaDG. The interaction of biotin-laminin-1 with alphaDG was inhibited by soluble alphaDG contained in the conditioned medium from DG cDNA-transfected BAE cells and by a series of glycosaminoglycans (heparin, dextran sulfate, and fucoidan). Soluble alphaDG in the conditioned medium inhibited the adhesion of BAE cells to laminin-1-coated dishes, whereas it had no effect on their adhesion to fibronectin. All three glycosaminoglycans that disrupted the biotin-laminin-1 binding to alphaDG inhibited BAE cell adhesion to laminin-1, whereas they failed to inhibit the adhesion to fibronectin. These results indicate a role of DG as a non-integrin laminin receptor involved in vascular endothelial cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
Uniform Colloidal Spheres for (Y<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Gd<i><sub>x</sub></i>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0–1): Formation Mechanism, Compositional Impacts, and Physicochemical Properties of the Oxides (2008)

Uniform spheres of (Y1−xGdx)2O3 (x = 0–1) are valuable for applications in phosphors, in optical ceramics fabrication, and in combinatorial synthesis. We made in this work such particles by thermal decomposition of precursors synthesized via homogeneous precipitation. Growth kinetics and composition evolution of the precursor spheres were investigated in detail, and it was identified for the first time that (1) differential nucleation occurs with regard to Y and Gd, and as a result concentration gradients exist within each precursor particle of the mixed Y/Gd system (more Gd and less Y from particle surface to the core), (2) average particle size of the colloidal sphere is inversely proportional to nucleation density and is significantly affected by the Gd content, (3) growth of the colloidal spheres is diffusion controlled and follows the cubic-root law, and (4) the dried precursor spheres directly convert to cubic-structured (Y1−xGdx)2O3 (x = 0–1) oxides at 1000 °C while largely retaining their morphologies. The resultant oxides exhibit linearly increased lattice parameters and linearly decreased bandgaps (from 5.57 eV for Y2O3 to 5.20 eV for Gd2O3) with increased Gd addition. The findings of this work may have wide implications to other mixed materials systems.
Molecular Modeling of Small Molecules as BVDV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Allosteric Inhibitors (2013)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a major pathogen of cattle, is a well-characterized pestivirus which has been used as a good model virus for HCV. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a key role in the RNA replication process, thus it has been targeted for antivirus drugs. We employed two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) and molecular field analysis (MFA) to identify the molecular substructure requirements, and the particular characteristics resulted in increased inhibitory activity for the known series of compounds to act as effective BVDV inhibitors. The 2D-QSAR study provided the rationale concept for changes in the structure to have more potent analogs focused on the class of arylazoenamines, benzimidazoles, and acridine derivatives with an optimal subset of descriptors, which have significantly contributed to overall anti-BVDV activity. MFA represented the molecular patterns responsible for the actions of antiviral compound at their receptors. We conclude that the polarity and the polarizability of a molecule play a main role in the inhibitory activity of BVDV inhibitors in the QSAR modeling.
Effects of acylcarnitine transferase blockade on metabolism and function in the normally and underperfused canine myocardium. (1990)

The acylcarnitine transferase blocking agent, sodium 2(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl)-oxirane-2-carboxylate (Clomoxir, INN), effectively inhibits free fatty acid oxidation, thereby decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption in the normally perfused myocardium without influencing cardiodynamic parameters. As a consequence, however, arterial free fatty acid levels increase significantly. In an acute dog model, we investigated the hypothesis that the sodium 2(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl)-oxirane-2-carboxylate-induced decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption may also improve the energetic situation in the underperfused myocardium. Regional myocardial function was assessed by means of subendocardially inserted ultrasonic crystals, and changes in metabolism were measured regionally by means of a catheter inserted into a local myocardial vein in the underperfused area. The flow in the circumflex coronary artery was reduced on average by 53.5% followed 30 min later by an infusion of sodium 2(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl)-oxirane-2-carboxylate (dosage: 20 mg/kg over 20 min). Arterial free fatty acid levels continuously increased, whereas arterial glucose levels decreased. In accordance with the situation in the normally perfused myocardium, free fatty acid uptake and oxygen uptake were also reduced in the underperfused area. However, sodium 2(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl)-oxirane-2-carboxylate induced a further, transient increase in end-diastolic segment length and a sustained decrease in systolic shortening in the underperfused area, indicating a further deterioration in regional myocardial function. Control experiments with infusion of 9 g/l sodium chloride showed no change in the degree of regional myocardial dysfunction throughout the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)