gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trace fluorescent labeling for high-throughput crystallography (2006)

Covalent labeling of macromolecules with trace levels (<1%) of a fluorescent dye is proposed as a means to facilitate finding or detecting crystals in crystallization drops. To test the effects of labeled protein concentration on the resulting X-ray diffraction data, experiments were carried out with the model proteins insulin, ribonuclease, lysozyme and thaumatin, which were labeled with the fluorescent dye carboxyrhodamine. All proteins were labeled on their N-terminal amine and lysozyme was also labeled randomly on lysine side chains in a separate series of experiments. Ribonuclease and N-terminal amine-labeled lysozyme crystals were poorly formed at 10% label concentration and these were not used in subsequent diffraction experiments. All model proteins were tested to 5% labeled protein, and thaumatin and randomly labeled lysozyme gave well formed crystals to 10% labeled protein. In all cases tested, the presence of the label was found to not significantly affect the X-ray diffraction data quality obtained. Qualitative visual-inspection experiments over a range of label concentrations indicated that optimum derivatization levels ranged from 0.025-0.05% for insulin to 0.1-0.25% for thaumatin. Light intensity is a simpler search parameter than straight lines and by virtue of being the most densely packed phase, labeled crystals should be the most intense light sources under fluorescent illumination. For both visual and automated methods of crystal detection, label intensity is a simpler and potentially more powerful search parameter. Screening experiments using the proteins canavalin, beta-lactoglobulins A and B and chymotrypsinogen, all at 0.5% label concentration, demonstrated the utility of this approach to rapidly finding crystals, even when obscured by precipitate. The use of trace-labeled protein is also proposed to be useful for the automated centering of crystals in X-ray beamlines.
Reverse Addition of Lithium Aluminum Hydride to Nitroölefins (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReverse Addition of Lithium Aluminum Hydride to NitroölefinsR. T. Gilsdorf and F. F. NordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1837–1843Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01127a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
(<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-Butoxycarbonylamino-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-glycine from (<i>S</i>)-Benzyloxycarbonyl-serine or from Papain Resolution of the Corresponding Amide or Methyl Ester (2000)

The enantiospecific synthesis of (R)-Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine 7 was achieved. (S)-Cbz-serine 1 was reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of triethylamine to yield cyclic (S) carbamate 2. The ring nitrogen of 2 was protected with a Boc group (3). The cyclic carbamate of 3 was hydrolyzed with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide to yield the (R)-enantiomer of alcohol 4. The oxidation of 4 with pyridinium dichromate yielded the enantiomerically pure (97% ee) (R)-Boc-(Cbz)-aminoglycine 5, which was converted to 7 with retention of optical purity. Similarly, starting from (S)-Boc-serine 9, cyclic (S) carbamate 10 was obtained. The ring nitrogen of 10 was protected with a Cbz group (11) with retention of configuration. The cyclic carbamate of 11 was base hydrolyzed to yield 12, the (S)-enantiomer alcohol. Independently, Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine amide 13 and Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine methyl ester 14 were resolved using papain. The stereochemistry of the isolated acid was determined to be (R) by coelution on HPLC of its derivative with Marfey's reagent and that of an authentic sample (7) obtained by enantiospecific synthesis.
Robust Vehicle Detection for Tracking in Highway Surveillance Videos Using Unsupervised Learning (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach to vehicle detection in highway surveillance videos. This method incorporates well-studied computer vision and machine learning techniques to form an unsupervised system, where vehicles are automatically ldquolearnedrdquo from video sequences. First an enhanced adaptive background mixture model is used to identify positive and negative examples. Then a classifier is trained with these examples. In the detection phase, both background subtraction and the classifier are used to achieve very accurate results while not compromising efficiency. We tested our method with very low-, medium- and high-quality, crowded and very crowded surveillance videos and got detection accuracies ranging between 90% to 96%.
Examining visual attention of dyslexics on web navigation structures with eye tracking (2008)

In this paper, we describe an exploratory experiment in which visual attention on the Web is compared for people with different cognitive abilities. Eye tracking can measure the direction, sequence and duration of a Web user's gaze over time. Eye movements of participants, with and without dyslexia, were recorded by means of a remote eye tracking device. Participants completed nine tasks on each of six different web sites. Findings indicate marked differences between the visual scan paths of dyslexic and non-dyslexic Web users. Results also provide insights as to how eye tracking can be applied to assess the usability of interfaces for people with special needs and inform the design of accessible interactive systems.
Bandwidth Mismatch Correction for a Two-Channel Time-Interleaved A/D Converter (2007)

Mismatches between sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital data converter (ADC) cause undesirable distortions in the output spectrum. To reduce these undesired spectral components, we introduce a hybrid filter-bank model of a two channel time-interleaved ADC. The model allows the development of a digital domain correction technique that removes the first-order effects of S/H mismatches. A single FIR correction filter is required, and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed correction method
Synthesis of Fluorescent Indazoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Benzannulation of Pyrazoles with Alkynes (2017)

The synthesis of indazoles from pyrazoles and internal alkynes is described. Instead of complex benzenoid compounds, readily available pyrazoles were used for the preparation of indazoles by reaction of the C-H bonds of the heterocyclic ring. Oxidative benzannulation was also applied to imidazoles, providing benzimidazoles. This convergent strategy enabled alteration of the photochemical properties of benzo-fused diazoles by varying the substituents at the benzene ring, thus leading to the development of tetraarylindazoles as new fluorophores.
Defining interfaces at a high level of abstraction (1989)

One of the newest user-interface management systems, the User-Interface Development Environment, is described by its creators. UIDE is built around a knowledge-based representation of the conceptual design of a user interface. UIDE supports design at a high-level specification of the interface from information provided by the designer. By using the same knowledge base, the interface developer can generate a new interface design with the same functionality as the original design. This lets users try many functionally equivalent interfaces for the same application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>igloo</i>, a GAP-43-related gene expressed in the developing nervous system of <i>Drosophila</i> (1994)

GAP-43 (growth-associated protein, 43 x 10(3) M(r)) is an essential, membrane-associated, neuronal phosphoprotein in vertebrates. The protein is abundantly produced in the growth cones of developing and regenerating neurons, and it is phosphorylated upon induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Prior work has identified GAP-43-like proteins only in chordates. In this paper, a nervous system-specific gene from Drosophila melanogaster is described that encodes two proteins sharing biochemical activities and sequence homology with GAP-43. The region of homology encompasses the calmodulin-binding domain and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site of GAP-43. The fly proteins are shown to bind Drosophila calmodulin (CaM), and are phosphorylated by purified PKC after a fashion predicted from prior work with vertebrate GAP-43. GAP-43 is modified by palmitoylation. An amino-terminal myristoylation site is described for the Drosophila protein, which may play a similar role in membrane association in the fly. While a small family of GAP-43-related genes has been recognized in vertebrates, only a single gene appears to be present in the fly. As the Drosophila gene encodes two proteins, each with multiple calmodulin-binding domains and repeated sites for PKC phosphorylation, it may afford functions provided by the family of vertebrate genes.
Topical Bioadhesive Patch Systems Enhance Selectivity of Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation (2006)

In clinical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin tumors it is desirable to develop vehicles that minimize the penetration of ALA through normal stratum corneum and maximize it through the compromised stratum corneum of the tumors to improve tumor selectivity. We have designed a bioadhesive patch, which may be able to achieve this aim. It induces levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in skin overlying tumors similar to those induced by the proprietary cream (Porphin) but at the same time induces less PpIX to form in normal skin and at distant sites. The mechanisms of action of the patch, as compared with that of the cream, were studied by means of Cuprophan barriers that mimic compromised tumor stratum corneum and in a mouse model with transplanted tumors.
A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of N-Formyl Amino Acid Esters Under Mild Conditions (1996)

A variety of amino acid ester hydrochlorides react with cyanomethyl formate at room temperature to give the N-formyl amino acid esters in good yields and without racemization.
Dye Adsorption on Layered Graphite Oxide (2010)

Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared by a modified Hummers−Offeman method and was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes in aqueous solution. The structure of GO was characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It is found that GO does not show a significant change in surface area, but the layered graphene structure was expanded, and several surface oxygen functional groups were formed, which play a significant role in adsorption. The amount of the dyes, methylene blue and malachite green, adsorbed on the GO was much higher than that on graphite, and the adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir isotherm is (351 and 248) mg·g−1, respectively, much higher than activated carbon. The adsorption mechanism was proposed as electrostatic attraction.
A DNA Ligase from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon with Unique Cofactor Specificity (2000)

A gene encoding DNA ligase (lig(Tk)) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1, has been cloned and sequenced, and its protein product has been characterized. lig(Tk) consists of 1,686 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 562 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 64,079 Da. Sequence comparison with previously reported DNA ligases and the presence of conserved motifs suggested that Lig(Tk) was an ATP-dependent DNA ligase. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Lig(Tk) was closely related to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH, a moderate thermophilic archaeon, along with putative DNA ligases from Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. We expressed lig(Tk) in Escherichia coli and purified the recombinant protein. Recombinant Lig(Tk) was monomeric, as is the case for other DNA ligases. The protein displayed DNA ligase activity in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+). The optimum pH of Lig(Tk) was 8.0, the optimum concentration of Mg(2+), which was indispensable for the enzyme activity, was 14 to 18 mM, and the optimum concentration of K(+) was 10 to 30 mM. Lig(Tk) did not display single-stranded DNA ligase activity. At enzyme concentrations of 200 nM, we observed significant DNA ligase activity even at 100 degrees C. Unexpectedly, Lig(Tk) displayed a relatively small, but significant, DNA ligase activity when NAD(+) was added as the cofactor. Treatment of NAD(+) with hexokinase did not affect this activity, excluding the possibility of contaminant ATP in the NAD(+) solution. This unique cofactor specificity was also supported by the observation of adenylation of Lig(Tk) with NAD(+). This is the first biochemical study of a DNA ligase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon.
Extending the chromatic dispersion tolerance by optical equalization at 43 Gb/s (2004)

Measurements at 43 Gb/s demonstrate a doubling in chromatic dispersion tolerance for non return-to-zero signals using a simple, multichannel optical equalizer structure based on two concatenated Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Defining accelerometer thresholds for activity intensities in adolescent girls. (2004)

The developed equation and these activity thresholds can be used for prediction of MET score from accelerometer counts and participation in various intensities of physical activity in adolescent girls.
Photosynthetic response of drought‐ and salt‐stressed tomato and turnip rape plants to foliar‐applied glycinebetaine (1999)

The effect of foliar application of glycinebetaine (50 and 100 m M ) on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, photorespiration and transpiration in tomato cv. Bos 3155 ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and summer turnip rape cv. Kulta ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. oleifera ) plants subjected to drought and salinity are reported. Glycinebetaine application increased net photosynthesis of stressed plants. This was mostly due to increased stomatal conductance following glycinebetaine application as there were no marked changes in light and CO 2 saturated rates of O 2 evolution. Moreover, glycinebetaine application resulted in a significant decrease of photorespiration both in drought‐ and salt‐stressed plants.
Failure or success in the restoration of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response defects by dendritic cells. (1988)

C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) mice are CTL responders to both Sendai virus and Moloney leukemia virus. In the former response the H-2Kb class I MHC molecule is used as CTL restriction element, in the latter response the H-2Db molecule. B6 dendritic cells (DC) are superior in the presentation of Sendai virus Ag to CTL in comparison with B6 normal spleen cells. Con A blasts have even less capacity to present viral Ag than NSC, and LPS blasts show an intermediate capacity to present viral Ag. H-2Kb mutant bm1 mice do not generate a CTL response to Sendai virus, but respond to Moloney leukemia virus, as demonstrated by undetectable CTL precursors to Sendai virus and a normal CTL precursor frequency to Moloney virus. Compared to B6 mice, other H-2Kb mutant mice show decreased Sendai virus-specific CTL precursor frequencies in a hierarchy reflecting the response in bulk culture. The Sendai virus-specific CTL response defect of bm1 mice was not restored by highly potent Sendai virus-infected DC as APC for in vivo priming and/or in vitro restimulation. In mirror image to H-2Kb mutant bm1 mice, H-2Db mutant bm14 mice do not generate a CTL response to Moloney virus, but respond normally to Sendai virus. This specific CTL response defect was restored by syngeneic Moloney virus-infected DC for in vitro restimulation. This response was Kb restricted indicating that the Dbm14 molecule remained largely defective and that a dormant Kb repertoire was aroused after optimal Ag presentation by DC. In conclusion, DC very effectively present viral Ag to CTL. However, their capacity to restore MHC class I determined specific CTL response defects probably requires at least some ability of a particular MHC class I/virus combination to associate and thus form an immunogenic complex.
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR EFFECTS OF NORADRENALINE, ISOPROPYLNORADRENALINE AND DOPAMINE (1963)

Journal Article PERIPHERAL VASCULAR EFFECTS OF NORADRENALINE, ISOPROPYLNORADRENALINE AND DOPAMINE Get access M. J. ALLWOOD, M.B. B.S. Ph.D., M. J. ALLWOOD, M.B. B.S. Ph.D. Sherrington School of Physiology St Thomas's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. F. COBBOLD, Ph.D., A. F. COBBOLD, Ph.D. Sherrington School of Physiology St Thomas's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JEAN GINSBURG, M.A. D.M. JEAN GINSBURG, M.A. D.M. Sherrington School of Physiology St Thomas's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 19, Issue 2, May 1963, Pages 132–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070031 Published: 01 May 1963
Scaling Non-Volatile Memory Below 30nm (2007)

The future scaling challenges of non-volatile memories for 32 Gb+ using 30 nm and below feature sizes are discussed. The key challenges reviewed include structural integrity, floating gate scaling, floating gate replacement, noise and variation. Future trends are discussed.
70.3: <i>Distinguished Contributed Paper:</i> Wide Angle Projection Optics for Compact Rear Projector (2005)

Abstract We have developed a new projection optics with the exceptionally wide field angle of 160 degrees and the short projection distance of 125 mm with a 62 inch screen. It is constructed based on the Direct Projection Method which does not need a back mirror. In this paper, we will describe our new optical design concept and the characteristics of a prototype optical system.
Stereoselective, catalytic reduction of L-ascorbic acid: a convenient synthesis of L-gulono-1,4-lactone (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective, catalytic reduction of L-ascorbic acid: a convenient synthesis of L-gulono-1,4-lactoneGlenn C. Andrews, Thomas C. Crawford, and Bradley E. BaconCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 14, 2976–2977Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00327a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00327a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1204Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor signaling: effects on the angiogenesis, microcirculation, and growth of orthotopic malignant gliomas (2005)

Targeting of multiple angiogenic signaling pathways by polyvalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors represents a promising strategy to interfere with the vascularization, microcirculation, and growth of angiogenesis-dependent tumors. This also applies to malignant gliomas, despite the uniqueness of the cerebral microenvironment and the singular pathobiology of this tumor entity.
Three-Phase Single-Stage Four-Switch PFC Buck–Boost-Type Rectifier (2005)

This paper proposes a new three-phase single-stage power-factor corrector buck-boost-type rectifier topology. The typical topology uses a bridge configuration with six switches. This new topology only requires four switches, improving the rectifier efficiency as only one reverse-blocking power semiconductor conducts at any time. A vector-based sliding-mode control method for the three-phase input currents is also proposed. This fast and robust technique uses sliding mode to generate /spl alpha//spl beta/ space-vector modulation, which forces the input line currents to track a suitable sinusoidal reference. A near-unity power-factor operation of the rectifier is obtained using a sinusoidal reference in phase with the input source voltages. A proportional-integral controller is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the converter. This external voltage controller modulates the amplitude of the current references. The characteristics of the new rectifier are verified with experimental results.
SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS: VII. DEUTERATED 3-PENTANONES (1953)

The following deuterated 3-pentanones were synthesized, in some cases by modifications of the methods reported in the literature, and in others by deuterium exchange:[Formula: see text]
Ultra-Deep Sequencing Analysis of the Hepatitis A Virus 5<b>'</b>-Untranslated Region among Cases of the Same Outbreak from a Single Source (2014)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis for which an effective vaccine has been developed. Here we describe ultra-deep pyrosequences (UDPSs) of HAV 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) among cases of the same outbreak, which arose from a single source, associated with a revolving sushi bar. We determined the reference sequence from HAV-derived clone from an attendant by the Sanger method. Sixteen UDPSs from this outbreak and one from another sporadic case were compared with this reference. Nucleotide errors yielded a UDPS error rate of < 1%. This study confirmed that nucleotide substitutions of this region are transition mutations in outbreak cases, that insertion was observed only in non-severe cases, and that these nucleotide substitutions were different from those of the sporadic case. Analysis of UDPSs detected low-prevalence HAV variations in 5'UTR, but no specific mutations associated with severity in these outbreak cases. To our surprise, HAV strains in this outbreak conserved HAV IRES sequence even if we performed analysis of UDPSs. UDPS analysis of HAV 5'UTR gave us no association between the disease severity of hepatitis A and HAV 5'UTR substitutions. It might be more interesting to perform ultra-deep sequencing of full length HAV genome in order to reveal possible unknown genomic determinants associated with disease severity. Further studies will be needed.