gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forecasting China’s CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions for Energy Consumption Based on Cointegration Approach (2018)

Forecasting CO 2 emissions is important for climate policy decision making. The paper attempts to implement empirically the long-term forecast of CO 2 emissions based on cointegration theory under the business-as-usual scenario, by using statistical data from China over the period 1953 to 2016. We focus on the relationships between CO 2 emissions for energy consumption and influential factors: per capita GDP, urbanization level, energy intensity, and total energy consumption. The empirical results are presented as follows: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> continuous increase of carbon pollution resulting from energy consumption (1953-2016) indicates that China has beard great pressure of carbon reduction. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> Though reduction of carbon intensity in 2020 would account for 50.14% that of 2005, which meets the requirements announced by Chinese government in 2009, China would bear carbon emissions for energy consumption of 14.4853 billion tCO 2 by 2030, which is nearly 1.59 times that of 2016 and nearly 105 times that of 1953. The results suggest that the policymakers in China may take more effective measures such as reducing energy intensities and formulating stricter environmental regulations in order to mitigate the CO 2 emissions and realize the win-win of economic and ecological benefits.
Functional expression <i>in vitro</i> of bovine visual rhodopsin (1990)

Expression of functionally active bovine visual rhodopsin was achieved by sequential transcription and translation in vitro of rhodopsin gene cDNA with co-translational insertion of the protein into phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The recombinant rhodopsin has functional, spectral and immunochemical properties similar to those of natural rhodopsin from bovine retina. Two mutant rhodopsins, Cys316----Ser and Asp330----Asn, Asp331----Asn, were produced by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The first mutation does not affect rhodopsin's ability to stimulate transducin GTPase and visual cGMP phosphodiesterase activities, while the second double mutation leads to a sharp decrease in rhodopsin activity.
A Study of the Jetting Failure for Self-Detected Piezoelectric Inkjet Printheads (2011)

Piezoelectric (PZT) can be used as a sensor to measure the pressure changes in the flow passages after being utilized as an actuator in inkjet print-head. Monitoring the sensing signal from the PZT, one can distinguish a good jetting from malfunction of jetting including the failure of ejection. Because the surface of ink is vulnerably exposed to the air at the nozzle orifice, unstable jetting easily leads to form an air pocket at the nozzle exit, which causes to stop jetting drops any longer. As a result, the air bubble entrapped on the flow passage or any malfunction of jetting leads to changes in the residual oscillation of the PZT from that in the normal jetting condition. In this study, a scanning device for detecting bad performing nozzles for a print-head of 256 nozzles in a period of less then 0.5 s has been developed to check the jetting condition in intermittent printing period. The PZT sensing signal was measured right after the voltage waveform is applied to the print-head and compared to the reference sensing signal of the standard jetting condition.
Verilog library development using Cadence Central Delay Calculator (2002)

The Honeywell Solid State Electronics Center (SSEC) is a semiconductor supplier that offers a variety of products and services such as sensors, memories and ASIC libraries and toolkits. The Honeywell rad-hard RICMOS ASIC libraries have traditionally been based on the Mentor platform, but recently, an effort was undertaken to develop a Verilog capability for customers who wanted to use Verilog. This paper outlines the Verilog design methodology developed by Honeywell, and how the Verilog library development effort used new tools such as the new Cadence Central Delay Calculator to implement the timing simulation and back-annotation capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Higher fungi in traditional and modern medicine]. (2010)

The medicinal use of mushrooms, so-called higher fungi, has a very long tradition in the Asian countries, whereas their use in the Western hemisphere has been slightly increasing only since the last decades. The paper gives an overview about the most important medicinal mushrooms and summarizes the actual knowledge about chemistry and pharmacology of Lentinula edo-des (Shiitake, Golden Oak Mushroom), Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi, Ling Zhi), Agaricus brasiliensis (Royal sun agaricus), Grifola frondosa (Maitake, Hen-of-the-Woods) and Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake, Lion's Man, Monkey's Head).
Synthesis of Mono- and Symmetrical Di-<i>N</i>-hydroxy- and<i>N</i>-Aminoguanidines (2006)

Novel mono- and symmetrical di-N-hydroxy- and N-aminoguanidines were readily prepared from the reaction of diverse hydroxylamines or hydrazines with reagent classes di(benzotriazol-1-yl)methanimine 6, (bis-benzotriazol-1-yl-methylene)amines 8a,b, benzotriazole-1-carboxamidines 10a-i, benzotriazole-1-carboximidamides 11a,b, and N'-hydroxy-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-1-carboximidamide 18. The preparation is described for a variety of N-hydroxy- and N-aminoguanidines with different substitution patterns in good yields.
Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma (1996)

The primary methods now used to sterilize contaminated media (infectious waste, tools, liquids, ...) are exposure to UV radiation, incineration, or autoclaving. These methods have recently raised public controversies concerning their environmental effects and other health issues. In an attempt to eliminate these drawbacks, new approaches based on different technologies are being investigated. Irradiation by electron beam is an example of such new sterilization means. This paper describes a new sterilization technique which has recently been developed at the Plasma Science Laboratory of the University of Tennessee. This technique involves the generation and use of a glow discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. The fact that no pressurized or vacuum system is needed in this apparatus makes this sterilization method practical, economical, and technically very attractive. The plasma, in which the medium to be sterilized is immersed, is generated between two insulated metal plate electrodes powered by a low-frequency RF supply. Inside the plasma, the medium is constantly bombarded by charged particles, active free radicals, and radiation (including UV radiation). It is found that an exposure of a few minutes is sufficient to destroy the microorganisms living in the exposed medium, without damaging the medium itself.
Empoderamiento y reduction de la pobreza : libro de consulta (2002)

Poverty will not be reduced on a large scale, without tapping into the energy, skills, and motivation of the millions of poor people around the world. This book offers a framework for empowerment, that focuses on increasing poor people's freedom of choice, and action to shape their own lives. This approach requires three societal changes: a change in the mindset, from viewing poor people as the problem to viewing them as essential partners in reducing poverty; a change in the relationship between poor people, and formal systems, enabling them to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and, a change in formal, and informal institutions to make them more responsive to the needs, and realities of poor people. Based on analysis of experiences from around the world, the book identifies four key elements to support empowerment of poor people: information, inclusions/participation, accountability, and local organizational capacity. This framework is applied to five areas of action to improve development effectiveness. These are: provision of basic services, improved local governance, improved national governance, pro-poor market development, and access to justice, and legal aid. The book also offers tools and practices, focusing on a wide range of topics, to support poor people's empowerment. These range from poor people's enterprises, information and communications technology, and, community driven development, to diagnostic tools such as corruption surveys, and citizen report cards.
Comecon: the rise and fall of an international socialist organization (1993)

Comecon, or the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, was founded by Joseph Stalin in 1949 to counteract the Marshall Plan and reinforce the bonds between the Soviet Union and the people's democracies of Eastern Europe. Other Soviet Bloc nations later joined Comecon, and for forty years it dominated the trade policies of the Soviet Bloc and profoundly influenced their domestic economic development and relations with the West. Comecon collapsed in 1991 after the countries of Eastern Europe rejected communism. It was often compared with the (West European) Common Market, but differed vastly in its aims, structure, powers, and activities. Its influence is a critical factor in assessing both the economic failures of the Soviet Bloc and the problems facing former member states as they make the transition to free-market economies. This detailed, annotated bibliography is an essential guide to the extensive English-language literature about Comecon from its founding until its demise. Chapters cover Comecon's history, structure, and law; socialist economic integration; the organization's arrangements for international trade and finance; environment, natural resources, and energy; labor; industry and agriculture; science and technology. Comecon, like the rest of the Soviet Bloc, collapsed suddenly, but its legacy will color international relations and worldwide economic issues for years to come. An understanding of its institutions, mechanisms, and policies remains vital hi appreciating the economic organization of the former Soviet empire. This bibliography will therefore be indispensable to policymakers, economists, historians, and political scientists.
Noncontacting Torquemeters Utilizing Magneto-Elastic Properties of Steel Shafts (1969)

The magneto-elastic property of steel shafts makes noncontacting torquementers possible. Early magneto-elastic torquemeters suffered from excessive sensitivity to variations in airgap and shaft temperature. These drawbacks have been eliminated in the Torductor® torquemeter, which has been very successful in low-speed industrial applications. In gas turbine applications, some special problems are encountered. These problems, and ways to minimize them, are discussed.
Serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis with recombinant ORFF antigen. (1999)

The serodiagnostic potential of recombinant ORFF protein (rORFF) from Leishmania infantum was assessed by ELISA. Of 49 sera from confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), all were seropositive using 5 ng of rORFF and serum diluted 1:20, while only 38 were positive with 500 ng of soluble antigen (SA) and 44 were positive by a direct agglutination test. There was also a positive correlation between spleen size and level of seropositivity with rORFF or SA. The reciprocal endpoint titer with rORFF was 1,280 for sera from VL patients, but < 20 with sera from malaria, filariasis, and tuberculosis patients, as well as with sera from healthy individuals from endemic and non-endemic areas. Sera from 10 confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Turkey were negative or only weakly positive with rORFF although 9 were positive with SA. Thus, rORFF protein appears useful as a sensitive reagent for the differential diagnosis of VL caused by the Leishmania donovani complex.
Desiccant efficiency in solvent drying. A reappraisal by application of a novel method for solvent water assay (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesiccant efficiency in solvent drying. A reappraisal by application of a novel method for solvent water assayDavid R. Burfield, Kim-Her Lee, and Roger H. SmithersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 18, 3060–3065Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00438a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00438a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5071Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An RIE process for submicron, silicon electromechanical structures (2002)

A reactive ion etching (RIE) process was used for the fabrication of submicron, single-crystal silicon (SCS) mechanical structures. The process gives excellent control of lateral dimensions (<0.8 mu m) with large vertical depth (4 mu m). The etch rate is independent of crystal orientation; thus, the process can produce complex SCS structures. The released (freely suspended) submicron. SCS mechanical structures are produced using silicon RIE. Anisotropic silicon RIE is used to form unreleased SCS structures from a silicon substrate with vertical sidewall profiles. Isotropic silicon RIE is used to release the SCS structures by etching silicon underneath the SCS structures. Self-aligned silicon dioxide is used for masking the top and sidewalls of the SCS structures and for electrical insulation. The process incorporates the formation of side-drive capacitor structures using aluminum electrodes to induce the driving force on the SCS mechanical structures. A compatible 4- mu m step coverage aluminum metallization process using aluminum sputter deposition and isotropic RIE complements the basic RIE process. The two integrated processes offer unique materials and processing technologies for micromechanics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extra care: <i>Assessing the need and location</i> (2002)

The two previous articles set out a typology of extra care housing and support for older people, and outlined funding. The last in the series describes how to decide if a frail elderly scheme is required, what model is most needed and in which location.The process of reaching a decision on the need for some form of extra care provision is essentially, first, an analysis of the supply of specialist housing and support provision and services, and second, an assessment of demand and trends for these services in a defined locality.
Interspecies Scaling of Human Clearance and Plasma Trough Exposure for Antisense Oligonucleotides: A Retrospective Analysis of GalNAc3-Conjugated and Unconjugated-Antisense Oligonucleotides (2021)

It is well documented and generally accepted that human clearance (CL) of unconjugated single-strand antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be directly predicted from monkeys by body weight (BW) on a mg/kg dose basis. However, the scaling for triantennary <i>N</i>-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc<sub>3</sub>)-conjugated ASOs has not been fully established. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed pharmacokinetic data from 9 GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugated and 12 unconjugated single-stranded ASOs (ten 2'-methoxyethyl and two 2', 4'-constrained ethyl ASOs) to identify an appropriate allometric scaling factor between the two species. In addition, we compared the trough plasma concentrations (<i>C</i><sub>trough,</sub> a surrogate for tissue exposure) between monkeys and humans at comparable dose levels, aiming at predicting tissue distribution in humans from monkeys. Overall, the median plasma CL ratios (monkey CL/human CL) were 1.05 and 0.94 when CL was normalized by BW, as compared with 0.33 and 0.29 when CL was normalized by body surface area (BSA) for the 12 unconjugated and 9 GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugated ASOs, respectively. Similarly, the median <i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> ratios (<i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> in monkeys/<i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> in humans) were 0.96 and 1.71, respectively, when <i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> was normalized by mg/kg dose as compared with 3.10 and 5.50 when <i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> was normalized by mg/m<sup>2</sup> dose for the same unconjugated and conjugated ASOs, respectively. Equivalent CL and dose-normalized plasma <i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> between monkeys and humans suggest similar pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution between the two species on a per kilogram BW basis. In conclusion, human CL and plasma <i>C</i><sub>trough</sub> (a surrogate of tissue distribution) can be directly predicted (1:1 or within twofold) from monkeys by BW on a mg/kg dose basis but these parameters can be under- or over-predicted by BSA on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> dose basis. These results provide evidence for single species scaling from monkeys to humans directly and, thus, they can facilitate early human dose prediction in ASO drug development.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PYOVERDIN PIGMENT PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS (1998)

The main purpose of this paper is to focus light on the possibilities of presence of antimicrobial activity in pyoverdin pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pyoverdin pigments were prepared form (1000) strains isolated from burns and chronic otitis media sources (Governmental and special Microbiological laboratories). The inhibitory action were determined by both microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Values were between 85-105 ml. The stability of pyoverdin after extraction revealed that it is stable against different treatment of heat, pH and salt treatment.
Functionalized distributed feedback lasers for hydrogen sensing applications (2013)

Distributed feedback lasers with an integrated thin-film of palladium have been fabricated and measured. Palladium's refractive index changes when exposed to hydrogen gas, producing a wavelength redshift and power increase proportional to hydrogen concentration.
Morphology of Nested Fullerenes (1995)

We introduce a continuum model which shows that dislocations and/or grain boundaries are intrinsic features of nested fullerenes whose thickness exceeds a critical value to relieve the large inherent strains in these structures. The ratio of the thickness to the radius of the nested fullerenes is determined by the ratio of the surface to curvature and dislocation (or grain boundary) energies. Confirming experimental evidence is presented for nested fullerenes with small thicknesses and with spherosymmetric shapes.
Early and mid-term results of mitral valve repair using premeasured Gore-Tex loops (‘loop technique’)☆ (2008)

MV repair with premeasured Gore-Tex loops results in excellent early- and mid-term outcomes for all types of leaflet prolapse. The loop technique facilitates minimal invasive MV repair without compromising surgical outcomes.
PGC-1β controls mitochondrial metabolism to modulate circadian activity, adaptive thermogenesis, and hepatic steatosis (2007)

The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1beta (PGC-1beta) is believed to control mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism by activating specific target transcription factors including estrogen-related receptors and nuclear respiratory factor 1, yet its physiological role is not yet clearly understood. To define its function in vivo, we generated and characterized mice lacking the functional PGC-1beta protein [PGC-1beta knockout (KO) mice]. PGC-1beta KO mice are viable and fertile and show no overt phenotype under normal laboratory conditions. However, the KO mice displayed an altered expression in a large number of nuclear-encoded genes governing mitochondrial and metabolic functions in multiple tissues including heart, skeletal muscle, brain, brown adipose tissue, and liver. In contrast to PGC-1alpha KO mice that are reportedly hyperactive, PGC-1beta KO mice show greatly decreased activity during the dark cycle. When acutely exposed to cold, the KO mice developed abnormal hypothermia and morbidity. Furthermore, high-fat feeding induced hepatic steatosis and increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the KO mice. These results suggest that PGC-1beta in mouse plays a nonredundant role in controlling mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism.
Conformational fluctuations of DNA helix. (1975)

Treatment of a homogeneous sample of circular DNA molecules that contain at least one single-strand scission per molecule with ligase yields a population of covalently closed circles heterogeneous in the topological winding number alpha. Under proper conditions, the product molecules with different values of alpha can all be resolved by gel electrophoresis. The distributions in alpha for several DNAs, covalently closed at different temperatures, have been determined and the results have been interpreted in terms of thermal fluctuations of the DNA helix.
On the design of piezoresistive silicon cantilevers with stress concentration regions for scanning probe microscopy applications (2000)

This paper describes and evaluates the incorporation of novel Stress Concentration Region (SCR) in silicon based cantilevers to enhance piezoresistive displacement, force, and torque sensitivities. In brief, SCR is a region, on the cantilever, with a thickness smaller than the cantilever thickness and of an appropriate length to localize stress where piezoresistors are implanted. It was found that in order to improve the sensitivity the length, thickness and placement of the SCR on the cantilever have to be optimized. Performing the optimization can result in a 2X, 5X and 3X improvement in the piezoresistive displacement, force and torque sensitivity, respectively. ANSYS, a well-known Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, was used to analyze and optimize the above stated parameters of the SCR.