gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic Replacement of Chest-Wall Defects (1956)

The increasingly frequent occurrence of a chest-wall defect secondary to trauma or to surgery for various tumors of this area of the body has focused attention on the problem of repairing the resultant chest-wall defect. Since the thoracic cage is solid yet in constant motion, any acceptable method of repair should offer the properties of mobility as well as stability. We and others * have utilized locally available tissue, such as the latissimus dorsi or pectoralis major muscle or the opposite breast, as a means to repair a thoracicwall defect. In certain instances this practice has been satisfactory, and, whenever possible, locally available tissue should be utilized if it can offer the desired stability. Unfortunately, such local tissue often is not practical, either because of its instability or because the neurovascular supply of the tissue is removed incident to its mobilization. Occasionally, conditions prevailing at surgery make it undesirable to prolong
Identification of Pancreaticoduodenectomy Resection for Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma: A Preliminary Study of Radiomics (2020)

It indicates that the radiomics study is rewarding for the aided diagnosis of R0 and R1. Texture features can potentially enhance physicians' diagnostic ability.
Development of a micro-manipulation system having a two-fingered micro-hand (1999)

A dexterous micro-manipulation system has been developed for applications in assembling micro-machines, manipulating biological cells, and performing micro-surgery. We have proposed a micro-hand having two fingers, a prototype of which has been designed and built using parallel mechanisms. We discuss the structure of our micro-hand and its operation system. The structure of the two-fingered micro-hand is strongly related to its effective workspace. The design of the micro-hand has been influenced by consideration of the usage of chopsticks. A calibration method based on least-square error is proposed for three degrees of freedom (DOF) translational motion in task coordinates fixed under a microscope. Development of a useful operational device to control the micro-hand is important for achieving dexterous micro-manipulation. A force feedback system would be ideal for such manipulation. In the case of micro-manipulation, though, a sensor with high resolution and multiple sensing axes is needed. There is no sensor meeting this demand currently. In order to achieve micro-manipulation without the force feedback system, an operational system which can be controlled with natural operational feeling like manipulation of actual human hand, is important. We have developed an operational device which is controlled by one hand. The forefinger and thumb are used to manipulate microscopic objects in tele-operation. However, due to kinematic dissimilarity between the master and the micro-hand, the motion of the fingers cannot be directly used as operational signals to move the micro-hand. We have therefore developed an operational strategy which compensates for this dissimilarity, thus providing for easy manipulation.
The virtual hospital (1994)

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Preconditioned Iterative Methods for Solving Toeplitz-Plus-Hankel Systems (1993)

The use of preconditioned iterative methods to solve a system of equations with a Toeplitz-plus-Hankel coefficient matrix is studied. A new preconditioner suitable for Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrices is proposed, and the spectral properties of reconditioned rational Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrices are examined. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix are clustered around unity, except for a finite number of outliers, depending on the orders of the rational generating functions, and the clustering radius is proportional to the magnitude of the last elements in Toeplitz and Hankel matrices. With the spectral regularities, an $N \times N$ rational Toeplitz-plus-Hankel system can be solved by preconditioned iterative methods with $O(N\log N)$ operations. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed preconditioner.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for a growth factor-inducible gene with strong homology to S-100, a calcium-binding protein. (1986)

We have identified a cDNA whose sequence is preferentially expressed when quiescent fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate. The steady-state levels of the mRNA corresponding to this clone, called 2A9, are increased by serum, platelet-derived growth factor, and epidermal growth factor, but not by insulin or platelet-poor plasma. mRNA levels of 2A9 are also increased in human acute myeloid leukemia. The 2A9 cDNA has been molecularly cloned from an Okayama-Berg library, and its complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. It has an open reading frame of 270 nucleotides, which has a 55% homology with the coding sequence of the beta-subunit of the S-100 protein, a calcium-binding protein that belongs (like calmodulin and the vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein) to the family of calcium-modulated proteins and is found in abundance in several human tumors, including melanoma. The S-100 protein and the deduced aminoacid sequence of 2A9 are also partially homologous to the small subunit of a protein complex that serves as a cellular substrate to tyrosine kinase. The partial homology of 2A9 (whose RNA is inducible by growth factors and is overexpressed in human acute myeloid leukemias) to the S-100 protein, other calcium-modulated proteins, and the subunit of a substrate for tyrosine kinase, is particularly interesting in view of the role attributed to calcium and tyrosine kinases in the regulation of cell proliferation.
Molecular abnormalities in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and platelet-type von Willebrand's disease. (1994)

Genetic defects of the blood platelet membrane glycoproteins, GPIIb-IIIa (alpha IIb/beta 3; CD41/CD61) and GPIb-V-IX (CD42) are the origin of several rare bleeding disorders, the best known of which are Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and platelet-type von Willebrand's disease. In Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, GPIIb-IIIa are missing or defective and platelet aggregation is lacking or reduced. Either gene can be affected and mutations leading to lack of expression or to expression of poorly functional forms have been described. In Bernard-Soulier syndrome, GPIb-V-IX are missing or defective, leading to poor platelet adhesion at high-shear stress to damaged vessel wall and reduced platelet response to thrombin. Mutations in both GPIb alpha (CD42b) and GPIX (CD42a) have been described. Mutations in GPIb alpha can also lead to platelet-type von Willebrand's disease in which GPIb-V-IX are expressed normally but bind von Willebrand's factor spontaneously, which leads to platelet aggregation and thrombocytopenia.
Liposomal Delivery of MicroRNA-7–Expressing Plasmid Overcomes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells (2011)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been strikingly effective in lung cancers harboring activating EGFR mutations. Unfortunately, the cancer cells eventually acquire resistance to EGFR-TKI. Approximately 50% of the acquired resistance involves a secondary T790M mutation. To overcome the resistance, we focused on EGFR suppression using microRNA-7 (miR-7), targeting multiple sites in the 3'-untranslated region of EGFR mRNA. Two EGFR-TKI-sensitive cell lines (PC-9 and H3255) and two EGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines harboring T790M (RPC-9 and H1975) were used. We constructed miR-7-2 containing miR-7-expressing plasmid. After transfection of the miR-7-expressing plasmid, using cationic liposomes, a quantitative PCR and dual luciferase assay were conducted to examine the efficacy. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated using a cell count assay and xenograft model. Protein expression was examined by Western blotting. The miR-7 expression level of the transfectants was approximately 30-fold higher, and the luciferase activity was ablated by 92%. miR-7 significantly inhibited cell growth not only in PC-9 and H3255 but also in RPC-9 and H1975. Expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), RAF-1, and EGFR was suppressed in the four cell lines. Injection of the miR-7-expressing plasmid revealed marked tumor regression in a mouse xenograft model using RPC-9 and H1975. EGFR, RAF-1, and IRS-1 were suppressed in the residual tumors. These findings indicate promising therapeutic applications of miR-7-expressing plasmids against EGFR oncogene-addicted lung cancers including T790M resistance by liposomal delivery.
Pds1 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage is essential for its DNA damage checkpoint function (2001)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pds1 is an anaphase inhibitor and plays an essential role in DNA damage and spindle checkpoint pathways. Pds1 is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage but not spindle disruption, indicating distinct mechanisms delaying anaphase entry. Phosphorylation of Pds1 is Mec1 and Chk1 dependent in vivo. Here, we show that Pds1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo in response to DNA damage by Chk1. Mutation of the Chk1 phosphorylation sites on Pds1 abolished most of its DNA damage-inducible phosphorylation and its checkpoint function, whereas its anaphase inhibitor functions and spindle checkpoint functions remain intact. Loss of Pds1 phosphorylation correlates with APC-dependent Pds1 destruction in response to DNA damage. We also show that APC(Cdc20) is active in preanaphase arrested cells after DNA damage. This suggests that Pds1 is stabilized by phosphorylation in response to DNA damage, but APC(Cdc20) activity is not altered. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of Pds1 by Chk1 is the key function of Chk1 required to prevent anaphase entry.
Safety and clinical activity of ipilimumab in melanoma patients with brain metastases (2011)

Melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize to the brain, and this is often responsible for treatment failure in patients with advanced disease. Melanoma patients with brain metastases are usually excluded from clinical trials because of their expected survival of approximately 5 months. A growing body of evidence suggests that ipilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, has activity against melanoma brain metastases. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a phase II study of ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients. Twelve of 115 patients randomized in the parent trial had stable brain metastases at baseline, as identified by an Independent Review Committee, and were evaluated for efficacy. Two of the 12 patients achieved a partial response and three had stable disease. Both patients with a partial response and one with stable disease were alive at the last follow-up, with survival time of more than 4 years. The median overall survival of the 12 patients was 14 months (range: 2.7-56.4+). An additional four patients with stable brain metastases at baseline were identified by a secondary Independent Review Committee reviewer, and were evaluated for safety. Central nervous system-related adverse events of grade 3-4, specifically cerebral edema and convulsion/seizure, occurred in two of 16 patients. Although the present study is limited by the fact that it is a retrospective analysis of a small number of patients, the results provide further evidence for the safety and efficacy of ipilimumab in melanoma patients with stable brain metastases.
The Partial Acid Hydrolysis of Polysaccharides: A New Method for Obtaining Oligosaccharides in High Yield (1969)

An apparatus is described for continually stepwise hydrolysis of polysaccharides. The oligosaccharides formed are separated by dialysis and collected on a charcoal-celite column. They are thus protected from further degradation and, at the same time, separated from monosaccharides formed. The period of each hydrolysis step, the length and temperature of dialysis, and the temperature of hydrolysis can all be independantly varied. Moreover, any acid can be used, mineral acids or substituted soluble resins. As examples the results obtained with dextran and some bacterial polysaccharides are discussed.
[Prognostic factors for esophageal cancer--from the viewpoint of molecular biology]. (1996)

The prognostic factors for esophageal cancer from the viewpoint of molecular biology are reviewed. Among several oncogenes and suppressor genes erbB, int2/hst1/Cyclin D1 and MDM2 gene amplifications are significant prognostic factors for esophageal cancer. The value of p53 mutation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the prediction of patients' survival are controversial, so further research is needed. High expression of tumor proliferation-related factors (Ki67, PCNA, and AgNOR), abnormalities of adhesion molecule (E-Cadherin, alpha-Catenin), activation of autocrine mechanism of growth factor (EGFR-TGF alpha, EGF), and DNA ploidy pattern, which is thought to be the result of an accumulation of genomic abnormalities are also prognostic factors for esophageal cancer.
Cumulative trauma disorders: an ergonomic approach for prevention. (1997)

Clinical practice can place the dental hygienist at risk of acquiring cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). This article describes causative factors of CTD and suggests implementation of ergonomic intervention--by way of clinical and environmental factors--as a method of preventing and/or reducing CTD in the workplace. Included is a chronology of the rehabilitation process of a dental hygienist who has been disabled by CTD. Observing this clinician's re-training process, which included utilizing an ergonomically designed operator chair, arm and wrist supports, and modification of operator positioning, prompted an investigation into strategies to prevent CTD. Ergonomic design and protective operator techniques in dental hygiene practice may be key to preventing and/or reducing CTD occurrence.
Access Control Policies: Modeling and Validation (2005)

Access control requires authorization rules and constraints. To express access control policies, several languages, such as XACML, EPAL or PONDER, are used. These languages specify which subjects can (or cannot) access sets of resources or services to perform specific actions. A user can define several access control policies and rules, but these access control languages do not offer any mechanism to avoid conflicts and inconsistencies among them. In fact, it can happen that more than a rule or a policy, with opposite decisions, is applicable in a given context. We propose a method based on first order logic modeling to detect and visualize possible conflicts within sets of access control policies expressed in XACML. We translate the model into a relational first order logic language called Alloy. Alloy allows to specify sets of predicates and assertions defining the desired properties of a system. We can then analyze interactions and conflicts among access control policies by using the Alloy Analyzer tool.
Cooperative Binding of KLF4, pELK-1, and HDAC2 to a G/C Repressor Element in the SM22α Promoter Mediates Transcriptional Silencing During SMC Phenotypic Switching In Vivo (2012)

Silencing of SMC marker genes during phenotypic switching is partially mediated by sequential binding of pELK-1 and KLF4 to G/C Repressor elements. The pELK-1-KLF4 complex in turn recruits HDAC2, leading to reduced histone acetylation and epigenetic silencing.
A Scattering Technique for Protecting Cryptographic Keys in the Cloud (2017)

Cloud computing has become a widely used computing paradigm providing on-demand computing and storage capabilities based on pay-as-you-go model. Recently, many organizations, especially in the field of big data, have been adopting the cloud model to perform data analytics through leasing powerful Virtual Machines (VMs). VMs can be attractive targets to attackers as well as untrusted cloud providers who aim to get unauthorized access to the business critical-data. The obvious security solution is to perform data analytics on encrypted data through the use of cryptographic keys as that of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). However, it is very easy to obtain AES cryptographic keys from the VM's Random Access Memory (RAM). In this paper, we present a novel key-scattering (KS) approach to protect the cryptographic keys while encrypting/decrypting data. Our solution is highly portable and interoperable. Thus, it could be integrated within today's existing cloud architecture without the need for further modifications. The feasibility of the approach has been proven by implementing a functioning prototype. The evaluation results show that our approach is substantially more resilient to brute force attacks and key extraction tools than the standard AES algorithm, with acceptable execution time.
The road to cure in multiple myeloma starts with smoldering disease (2015)

If the recommendations of treatment of SMM were to change, the scientific body of evidence would have to overcome four major hurdles: to demonstrate that early intervention leads to prolonged survival and delay in development of end organ damage, that it does not have long-term toxicities, that it is implemented in patients with a high-likelihood of developing myeloma and that it does not lead to the outgrowth of more resistant clones. Only well-designed clinical trials will determine whether cure can be achieved with earlier interventions.
Fabrication of Polysilicon Micro Valve Array (2004)

Valves are an essential part of pumping systems, which are used in a wide variety of applications including medical, automotive, gas sampling, and gas analysis. The objective of this investigation is to design and fabricate microvalve arrays. The valve consists of a polysilicon flap suspended over a through hole in the silicon. It is intended to allow airflow in one direction and inhibit airflow in the reverse direction. The design requires only three mask levels, two on the front of the wafer and one on the backside. The front side masks are level: 1 Anchor and level 2: Flap. The backside mask is Holes. Backside alignment was achieved by placing shims between the Anchor and Holes masks, aligning the two masks to each other, and clamping them together. A double-sided polished wafer was resist coated on both sides and slipped between the two masks. Both sides were exposed using a flood exposure from a broadband mask aligner. The backside holes were masked by thermal oxide and etched using a 40% weight heated KOH solution. The wafers were diced and the valves were released.
Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Recovery of the Lower Extremity and Walking Ability of Subjects With First Acute Stroke (2004)

Background and Purpose— The effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been investigated in chronic hemiplegia. The present study examines whether FES, given during acute stroke, was more effective in promoting motor recovery of the lower extremity and walking ability than standard rehabilitation alone. Methods— Forty-six subjects, 70.9±8.0 years old and 9.2±4.1 days after stroke, were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups receiving standard rehabilitation with FES or placebo stimulation or alone (control). FES was applied 30 minutes and placebo stimulation 60 minutes, 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Outcome measurements included composite spasticity score, maximum isometric voluntary contraction of ankle dorsi-flexors and planter-flexors, and walking ability. They were recorded before treatment, weekly during the 3-week treatment, and at week 8 after stroke. Results— No significant differences were found in the baseline measurements. After 3 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of composite spasticity score, and a significant improvement in the ankle dorsiflexion torque, accompanied by an increase in agonist electromyogram and a reduction in electromyogram cocontraction ratio in the FES group, when compared with the other 2 groups ( P <0.05). All subjects in the FES group were able to walk after treatment, and 84.6% of them returned home, in comparison with the placebo (53.3%) and control (46.2%, P <0.05) groups. Conclusions— Fifteen sessions of FES, applied to subjects with acute stroke plus standard rehabilitation, improved their motor and walking ability to the degree that more subjects were able to return to home.
Protocols for fynbos restoration. (2007)

Fynbos is a fire-prone ecosystem and many species regenerate from soil-stored seed banks, others from seeds in the canopies of plants such as Leucadendrons and Leucospermums or by sprouting from underground storage organs. The most persistent species in CFSF, soil-stored seed banks are short-lived species; therefore regeneration of a functionally representative community after the clearance of a dense stand of alien vegetation is unlikely from the soil seed bank alone. Therefore the collection of seed and vegetative propagation of long-lived fynbos species must be an essential component of a restoration programme. Subsequent challenges to restoring a fynbos habitat include adaptation to low nutrient levels in the soil and the prominence of molerats and gerbils.
Polymorphic malware detection and identification via context-free grammar homomorphism (2007)

Computer viruses continue to proliferate despite the use of virus detection systems (VDS). This is due to VDS inability to detect variants not represented in signature databases. Detection systems look for contiguous byte sequences, use regular expressions for noncontiguous sequences, or detect initial behavior within a sandbox. Recent research has focused on using control-flow graph isomorphism in detection. These techniques are ineffective at detecting some polymorphs, which change their byte sequences and initial behavior and produce nonisomorphic control-flow graphs. Our approach compares program hierarchical structure. We observed that polymorphic instances are variants of the same program, these variants use the same algorithm, and a program's algorithm determines its hierarchical structure. Our technique maps a program's hierarchical structure to a context-free grammar, normalizes the grammar, and uses a fast check for homomorphism between the normalized grammars. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.