gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AT<sub>2</sub> receptor‐mediated vasodilatation is unmasked by AT<sub>1</sub> receptor blockade in conscious SHR (2004)

In the present study, we investigated the role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)) receptor in the regulation of regional haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We tested the hypothesis that AT(2) receptor activation directly causes vasodilatation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal, mesenteric and hindquarters flows and conductances were measured in various groups of conscious rats that received the following drug combinations on separate days: the AT(1) receptor antagonist, candesartan (5 or 10 microg kg(-1) i.v.) alone, the AT(2) receptor agonist, CGP42112 (1 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) alone and candesartan plus CGP42112. Low-dose candesartan (5 microg kg(-1)) caused renal vasodilatation, while CGP 42112 alone caused minimal haemodynamic effects. In the presence of candesartan, CGP42112 caused a marked depressor effect together with generalised vasodilatation that was abolished by the coinfusion of the AT(2) receptor antagonist, PD123319 (50 microg kg(-1) min(-1)), with the candesartan and CGP42112 combination. PD123319, given alone, increased MAP and reduced renal and mesenteric conductances. We also confirmed that the enhanced vasodilatation evoked by candesartan plus CGP42112 was not due to additional AT(1) receptor blockade, since angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction was inhibited by a similar magnitude in the combination treatment compared with candesartan alone. Analogous experiments in Wistar-Kyoto rats did not demonstrate significantly enhanced effects due to candesartan plus CGP42112. Collectively, these data suggest that, in SHR, AT(2) receptors tonically modulate vascular tone and that direct AT(2) receptor-mediated vasodilatation was unmasked by AT(1) receptor blockade.
Incompressible SPH using the Divergence‐Free Condition (2014)

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel SPH framework to simulate incompressible fluid that satisfies both the divergence‐ free condition and the density‐invariant condition. In our framework, the two conditions are applied separately. First, the divergence‐free condition is enforced when solving the momentum equation. Later, the density‐invariant condition is applied after the time integration of the particle positions. Our framework is a purely Lagrangian approach so that no auxiliary grid is required. Compared to the previous density‐invariant based SPH methods, the proposed method is more accurate due to the explicit satisfaction of the divergence‐free condition. We also propose a modified boundary particle method for handling the free‐slip condition. In addition, two simple but effective methods are proposed to reduce the particle clumping artifact induced by the density‐invariant condition.
Inhibition of photoinitiated degradation of polycarbonate by cerium (III) overcoating (1981)

Abstract Photodownconversion of UV radiation incident on a polymeric substrate, polycarbonate, into visible and IR region is effected by coating the substrate with cerous chloride (CeCl 3 )/poly(vinyl alcohol) complex whereby photolytic degradation of the substrate is significantly inhibited. Thus it appears that cerous ion coating serves as an effective UV screener. The testing method consists of exposing the coated and naked substrate films to a medium intensity UV source with a cutoff filter below 280 nm for different intervals and determining their optical transmission characteristics. Some of the cerous ion coated films were further overcoated with polyvinyl acetate in order to prevent ion leaching by water. The final product retains the visible and IR transmittance of untreated polycarbonate film, and when the optimum composition of CeCl 3 in poly(vinyl alcohol) is coated, its transmission spectrum is barely changed even after 24 hr of UV irradiation. The object is to develop inexpensive solar glazing materials which can last up to 20 years without deterioration of their optical and mechanical properties upon solar irradiation.
CRASH TESTS OF AN ARTICULATED ENERGY-ABSORBING GORE BARRIER EMPLOYING LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE CARTRIDGES (1972)

THE CONCEPT OF VERMICULITE CONCRETE ENERGY ABSORPTION HAS BEEN FURTHER TESTED BY INCORPORATING CARTRIDGES INTO THE HI-DRO CELL SANDWICH UNIT DESIGNED FOR WATER-CELL USE. REPEATED TESTS WERE PERFORMED WITH GRADUALLY INCREASED USE OF THE CARTRIDGES IN PLACE OF WATER CELLS. TESTS UP TO 55 MPH WITH MEDIUM-WEIGHT AUTOMOBILES INDICATE IMPROVED RESPONSE, ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO THE APPROACH TO SQUARE- WAVE DECELERATION PULSE. HARNESS-RESTRAINED DRIVERS REPORTED NO DISCOMFORT IN THREE SEPARATE IMPACTS AT SPEEDS ABOVE 50 MPH. /AUTHOR/
Characterization of proposed human B-1 cells reveals pre-plasmablast phenotype (2013)

Controversy has arisen about the nature of circulating human CD20(+)CD27(+)CD43(+)CD70(-)CD69(-) B cells. Although originally described as being the human counterpart of murine B-1 B cells, some studies have raised the possibility that these might instead be plasmablasts. In this article, we have further characterized the putative B-1 cells and compared them directly with memory B cells and plasmablasts for several functional characteristics. Spontaneous antibody production of different isotypes as well as the induced production of antigen-specific antibodies after vaccination with a T-cell-dependent antigen did not reveal differences between the putative B-1 cells and genuine CD20(-) plasmablasts. Gene expression profiling of different B-cell subsets positioned the phenotype of putative B-1 cells closer to CD20(-) plasmablasts than to memory B cells. Moreover, putative B-1 cells could be differentiated into CD20(-) plasmablasts and plasma cells in vitro, supporting a pre-plasmablast phenotype. In conclusion, characterization of the putative B-1 cells revealed a functional phenotype and a gene expression profile that corresponds to cells that differentiate into CD20(-) plasmablasts. Our data offer perspectives for the investigation of differentiation of B cells into antibody secreting cells.
A Baculovirus Dual Expression Vector Derived from the Autographa Californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Polyhedrin and p10 Promoters: Co-expression of Two Influenza Virus Genes in Insect Cells (1991)

A baculovirus transfer vector, pAcUW3, was developed to facilitate the insertion of two influenza virus genes, those encoding the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) membrane glycoproteins, into the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome in a single cotransfection experiment. The NA gene was inserted in place of the polyhedrin coding sequences under the control of the polyhedrin promoter, whereas the HA gene was placed under the control of a copy of the p10 promoter at a site upstream of and in opposite orientation to the polyhedrin promoter. After infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells with the recombinant virus, AcUW3HANA, both HA and NA were expressed in the very late phase of infection and were shown to be functional in appropriate assays. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated their localization at the surface of infected insect cells. The expression of both foreign genes in the recombinant virus was found to be stable for at least 12 passages in cell culture.
Guillain-Barré syndrome and Campylobacter jejuni: a serological study. (1984)

The association between Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome was investigated serologically in a retrospective study of 56 patients admitted to this hospital over four years. Evidence of preceding C jejuni infection was found in 21 (38%) of these patients, indicating that C jejuni was the most common single identifiable pathogen precipitating the disease. Among those patients who had presented with preceding diarrhoea the serum antibody response was similar to that in uncomplicated C jejuni enteritis. Patients with serological evidence of preceding C jejuni infection manifested a significantly more severe form of the disease. In cerebrospinal fluid the predominant specific antibody class was IgG, and this was closely related to the serum titres of specific IgG. IgA and IgM specific antibodies were found only in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with recent C jejuni infection. These findings support the possibility that humoral immune factors are responsible for the neural damage and demyelination seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Design of an undersea power system for the East China Sea experimental cabled seafloor observatory (2013)

The science community has proposed to establish large-scale long-term cabled seafloor observatories in the Chinese marginal seas. In this preparation phase, a small-scale experimental cabled seafloor observatory in East China Sea is under construction. The overall system structure of the experimental observatory is introduced. The critical power components of the undersea power system, which are the power feeding equipment, the submarine communications cable, and the undersea power converter, is designed and modeled. The backbone power delivery system is analyzed based on these models. The laboratory test proves the feasibility and reliability of the design. Finally, a power management system is designed to monitor and control the overall electric energy of the undersea power system.
High Intracranial Pressure Effects on Cerebral Cortical Microvascular Flow in Rats (2011)

To manage patients with high intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians need to know the critical cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) required to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF). Historically, the critical CPP obtained by decreasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) to lower CPP was 60 mm Hg, which fell to 30 mm Hg when CPP was reduced by increasing ICP. We examined whether this decrease in critical CPP was due to a pathological shift from capillary (CAP) to high-velocity microvessel flow or thoroughfare channel (TFC) shunt flow. Cortical microvessel red blood cell velocity and NADH fluorescence were measured by in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy in rats at CPP of 70, 50, and 30 mm Hg by increasing ICP or decreasing MAP. Water content was measured by wet/dry weight, and cortical perfusion by laser Doppler flux. Reduction of CPP by raising ICP increased TFC shunt flow from 30.4±2.3% to 51.2±5.2% (mean±SEM, p<0.001), NADH increased by 20.3±6.8% and 58.1±8.2% (p<0.01), and brain water content from 72.9±0.47% to 77.8±2.42% (p<0.01). Decreasing CPP by MAP decreased TFC shunt flow with a smaller rise in NADH and no edema. Doppler flux decreased less with increasing ICP than decreasing MAP. The decrease seen in the critical CPP with increased ICP is likely due to a redistribution of microvascular flow from capillary to microvascular shunt flow or TFC shunt flow, resulting in a pathologically elevated CBF associated with tissue hypoxia and brain edema, characteristic of non-nutritive shunt flow.
<i>Bub3</i> gene disruption in mice reveals essential mitotic spindle checkpoint function during early embryogenesis (2000)

Bub3 is a conserved component of the mitotic spindle assembly complex. The protein is essential for early development in Bub3 gene-disrupted mice, evident from their failure to survive beyond day 6.5–7.5 postcoitus (pc). Bub3 null embryos appear normal up to day 3.5 pc but accumulate mitotic errors from days 4.5–6.5 pc in the form of micronuclei, chromatin bridging, lagging chromosomes, and irregular nuclear morphology. Null embryos treated with a spindle-depolymerising agent fail to arrest in metaphase and show an increase in mitotic disarray. The results confirm Bub3 as a component of the essential spindle checkpoint pathway that operates during early embryogenesis.
Formation of three-dimensional periodic microstructures by interference of four noncoplanar beams (2002)

A newly reported method of making three-dimensional microstructures or photonic crystals by holographic lithography has some obvious advantages over other techniques with the same purpose. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of interference of four noncoplanar beams (IFNB) is provided. It shows that all 14 Bravais lattices can be formed by means of IFNB and gives explicit relationships between each lattice and the corresponding recording geometry. The concept of pattern contrast is extended to the case of IFNB, and it is indicated that a uniform contrast for each interference term can be obtained by properly choosing the beam ratio and polarization. A calculation algorithm is then developed to optimize the direction of polarization of each beam to ensure maximum uniform contrast. These results, verified by computer simulations, may lay a theoretical foundation for fabrication of photonic crystals with the approach of IFNB.
Video coding using a deformation compensation algorithm based on adaptive matching pursuit image decompositions (2005)

Today's video codecs employ motion compensated prediction in combination with block matching techniques. These techniques, although achieving some level of adaptivity in their latest versions, continue to rely on the decomposition of frames on a set of artificial primitives: blocks. This paper presents a new approach to video coding. A geometrically adaptive image decomposition scheme using an over-complete basis is used to represent the scene. Using Matching Pursuit (MP), we are able to express local features such as position, anisotropic scale and orientation in terms of a set of spatio-frequential primitives. In order to perform frame prediction, only the changes in the parameters that determine these functions from frame to frame will have to be coded. Such an approach, in addition to being able to catch displacements in images deals as well in a natural way with local scale deformations and local rotations.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of a Series of [4-(4-Carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: Insights into Structural Features Contributing to Dopamine D3 versus D2 Receptor Subtype Selectivity (2014)

Antagonist and partial agonist modulators of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
Personal Data Management with the Databox (2016)

We are all increasingly the subjects of data collection and processing systems that use data generated both about and by us to provide and optimise a wide range of services. Means for others to collect and process data that concerns each of us -- often referred to possessively as "your data" -- are only increasing with the long-heralded advent of the Internet of Things just the latest example. As a result, means to enable personal data management is generally recognised as a pressing societal issue.
Detecting and tracking moving objects for video surveillance (2003)

We address the problem of detection and tracking of moving objects in a video stream obtained from a moving airborne platform. The proposed method relies on a graph representation of moving objects which allows to derive and maintain a dynamic template of each moving object by enforcing their temporal coherence. This inferred template along with the graph representation used in our approach allows us to characterize objects trajectories as an optimal path in a graph. The proposed tracker allows to deal with partial occlusions, stop and go motion in very challenging situations. We demonstrate results on a number of different real sequences. We then define an evaluation methodology to quantify our results and show how tracking overcome detection errors.
Class DE DC-DC converters (2002)

This paper describes work using computers to elucidate aspects of the design of class DE DC-DC converters. Class DE is a relatively new type of converter arrangement, whose advantages relate to efficient operation (low switching loss) at megahertz frequencies. Its disadvantages relate to control, and to matching between inverter and rectifier. These are the issues investigated in the paper. In order that the work should be easily accessible to others, readily available packages such as Maple((R)) and Excel((R)) have been used.
Compact Modeling of Data Center Air Containment Systems (2013)

The practice of ducting racks to a dropped ceiling or containing entire cold or hot aisles in data centers is being implemented with more frequency in an attempt to improve reliability and efficiency. While CFD and other numerical modeling tools are widely used to optimize data center cooling, they are not particularly effective at modeling containment systems; the performance of such systems is dominated by small and complex leakage paths (e.g., through, around, and under racks), which are difficult or impossible to include in a practical full-scale model. We propose a compact model which uses a flow network to determine airflow rates inside containment systems while the traditional “parent” numerical model continues to handle predictions in the rest of the facility. The two models are coupled at flow boundaries such as where ducting meets a dropped ceiling and leakage paths cross rack surfaces. The compact-model approach has the opportunity to be much faster and more robust than fully-explicit CFD models since leakage path resistances can be established through experimental measurements. We discuss the characterization of rack leakage paths and demonstrate the use of the compact model in a full data center simulation in which the role of parent numerical model is played by a potential flow model.
THE INDUCTION OF SUPER-RESISTANCE USING SYNTHETIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR AGONIST RESCUES FATAL ENDOTOXEMIA IN RATS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (2005)

Endotoxin tolerance provides protection against mortality under various conditions of stress. However, the induction of endotoxin tolerance thus far has no clinical application because of endotoxin toxicity and the excessive immune suppression that follows the tolerance induction. In this study, we examined whether a novel, synthetic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor agonist, ER-803058 (ER) can induce endotoxin tolerance with accompanying low toxicity. The stimulative effects of ER on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production from RAW264 cells were 50% to 70% lower than those of the corresponding quantities of LPS. ER pretreatment also diminished TNF-alpha secretion induced by a subsequent LPS shock. However, the degree of desensitization with ER pretreatment (10 ng/mL, 55.5% +/- 6.7%; 100 ng/mL, 42.3 +/- 4.9%) was modest in contrast with that measured for the corresponding LPS pretreatment (10 ng/mL, 36.7% +/- 3.7%; 100 ng/mL, 20.0% +/- 3.6%). The minimum in vivo dose (0.02 mg/kg/body weight) of ER-induced negligible production of TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in rats, and resulted in a modest endotoxin tolerance with respect to TNF-alpha secretion. Although the plasma TNF-alpha level after ER pretreatment was decreased (48.2% +/- 1.1%), the suppression was not statistically significant. Interestingly, even this minimal quantity of ER pretreatment evoked a dramatic improvement in survival (90% survival) against administration of a lethal dose of LPS, which is inconsistent with the modest TNF-alpha suppression. Furthermore, ER pretreatment preserved normal plasma albumin levels and prevented the increase of plasma blood urea nitrogen levels seen with LPS. These results indicate that pretreatment with ER can effectively induce endotoxin tolerance, with a consequent improvement in mortality without toxicity and without subsequent excessive immunosuppression.
New folate analogs of the 10-deaza-aminopterin series: markedly increased antitumor activity of the 10-ethyl analog compared to the parent compound and methotrexate against some human tumor xenografts in nude mice. (1985)

In an extension of our prior studies in murine tumor models, we examined two new folate analogs in the 10-deaza-aminopterin series for antitumor activity against a group of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. In all three xenograft models studied, MX-1 mammary carcinoma, LX-1 lung carcinoma, and CX-1 colon carcinoma, 10-deaza-aminopterin was minimally active, while methotrexate was inactive. In contrast, against the MX-1 and LX-1 tumors, 10-ethyl, 10-deaza-aminopterin at or near the LD10 dose (2-4.5 mg/kg) given once per day X 5 produced frank regressions. Activity of this analog against the CX-1 tumor was less, but retardation of tumor growth was observed with some minor regressions.
Imaging modalities in focal therapy (2014)

Standardization of multiparametric transrectal ultrasound and mpMRI is of paramount importance. For targeted treatment and follow-up, a good negative predictive value of the test is important. There is much to gain from both of these developing fields and imaging accuracy of the two platforms is comparable. Standardization in conduct and interpretation, three-dimensional reconstruction, and fusion of the two platforms can make focal therapy the standard of care for prostate cancer.
Characterization of Peracylated .BETA.-Cyclodextrins with Different Chain Lengths as a Novel Sustained Release Carrier for Water-Soluble Drugs. (1995)

A new series of peracylated β-cyclodextrins (β-CyDs) with different alkyl chains (acetyl-lauroyl) was prepared in high purity by acylating all hydroxyl groups of β-CyD using acid anhydrides in pyridine, and their physicochemical properties of solubility, hydrolsis and release and interaction capacity were evaluated. The solublity of peracylated β-CyDs in water decreased with lengthening alkyl chain, whereas that in ethanol/water increased with increase in ethanol concentration, but tended to decrease at higher ethanol concentration. The solubility parameter of peracylated β-CyDs was determined by analyzing the peak-solubility phenomenon by a modified Hildebrand equation. The alkaline hydrolysis rate of peracylated β-CyDs decreased with lengthening alkyl chain, and was about 4-fold faster than that of the corresponding fatty acid ethyl esters. The interaction of perbutanoyl-β-CyD (TB-β-CyD) with a water-soluble drug, molsidomine, in the solid state was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analysis of DSC curves suggested that molsidomine and TB-β-CyD form a binary solid dispersion with a 2 : 1 (drug : TB-β-CyD) molar ratio. The rate of drug release was markedly retarded by the combination with peracylated β-CyDs in the increasing order of the hydrophobicity of host molecules.