gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desferrioxamine Suppresses Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus Monkeys (1987)

Clinical observation has suggested that iron deficiency may be protective in malaria, and we have found that desferrioxamine (DF), an iron-specific chelating agent, inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro. It was difficult to be confident that DF would be effective in an intact animal, however, because continuous exposure to DF was required in vitro and, in vivo, DF is rapidly excreted. Also, the in vitro effect of DF was overcome by addition of iron to the culture and in vivo there are potentially high local iron concentrations when iron is absorbed from the diet or released from reticuloendothelial cells. We now show that DF given by constant subcutaneous infusion does suppress parasitemia in P. falciparum-infected Aotus monkeys.
EFFECT OF SURFACTANT ON STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL OXIDE (2016)

Today, the increasing demand for energy in the world has led to a focus on efficient and low cost energy storage devices. Many essential energy sources take a significant number of forms, including atomic energy and conventional sources, such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. Recently, super-capacitors have attracted research due to their high power densities, quick charge-discharge and long life cycles. The objective of this thesis is to alter the morphological structure of nickel oxide (NiO) utilizing different surfactants and furthermore to analyze the impact of these surfactants on the electrochemical properties of the nickel oxide. The unlimited applications of nickel oxide relate to lower cost, commercial availability and high electrochemical properties. The nickel oxide was synthesized by a hydro thermal method. For the amalgamation of nickel oxide for changing morphologies, nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate, urea CO(NH2)2, ammonium fluoride (NH4F), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used for the synthesis nickel oxide. The obtained precursor was calcined at 500 °C to prepare phase pure nickel oxide. The crystal size determined using XRD for NiO-SDS was observed to be 27.5 nm. The electrochemical properties of the nickel oxide were studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge –discharge measurements. The highest specific capacitance of 315 F/g was observed in 3 M LiOH for NiO-SDS sample at scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Role of DREBs in regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants (2011)

Abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, and cold are common adverse environmental conditions that significantly influence plant growth and productivity worldwide. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in physiological and developmental responses as well as in co-ordinating various stress signal transduction pathways in plants. DREBs (dehydration responsive element binding) are important plant transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the expression of many stress-inducible genes mostly in an ABA-independent manner and play a critical role in improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants by interacting with a DRE/CRT cis-element present in the promoter region of various abiotic stress-responsive genes. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting the role of the DRE-binding family of TFs in the adaptive responses to different abiotic stresses and their structural and functional characters with emphasis on the expression and regulation of DREBs. The practical and application value of DREBs in crop improvement, such as stress tolerance engineering as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS), has also been discussed.
Age in America (2016)

Contents Part I. Age in Early America 1. Keep Me with You, So That I Might Not Be Damned: Age and Captivity in Colonial Borderlands Warfare 23 Ann M. Little 2. Beyond the Time of White Children: African American Emancipation, Age, and Ascribed Neoteny in Early National Pennsylvania 47 Sharon Braslaw Sundue Part II. Age in the Long Nineteenth Century 3. If You Have the Right to Vote at 21 Years, Then I Have: Age and Equal Citizenship in the Nineteenth-Century United States 69 Corinne T. Field 4. Birthday Like None Other: Turning Twenty-One in the Age of Popular Politics 86 Jon Grinspan 5. Statutory Marriage Ages and the Gendered Construction of Adulthood in the Nineteenth Century 103 Nicholas L. Syrett 6. From Family Bibles to Birth Certificates: Young People, Proof of Age, and American Political Cultures, 1820-1915 124 Shane Landrum 7. Rendered More Useful: Child Labor and Age Consciousness in the Long Nineteenth Century 148 James D. Schmidt 8. A Day Too Late: Age, Immigration Quotas, and Racial Exclusion 166
On the Reconstruction of Irregularly Sampled Time Series (2000)

We consider the question of numerical treatment of irregularly sampled time series. This problem is quite common in astronomy because of factors such as the day‐night alternation, weather conditions, nonobservability of the objects under study, etc. For this reason an extensive literature is available on this subject. Most of the proposed techniques, however, are based on heuristic arguments, and their usefulness is essentially in the estimation of power spectra and/or autocovariance functions. Here we propose an approach, based on the reasonable assumption that many signals of astronomical interest are the realization of band‐limited processes, which can be used to fill gaps in experimental time series. By using this approach we propose several reconstruction algorithms that, because of their regularization properties, yield reliable signal reconstructions even in case of noisy data and large gaps. A detailed description of these algorithms is provided, their theoretical implications are considered, and their practical performances are tested via numerical experiments. MATLAB software implementing the methods described in this work is obtainable by request from the authors.
Effect of .BETA.-Crytoxanthin on Circulating Bone Metabolic Markers: Intake of Juice (Citrus Unshiu) Supplemented with .BETA.-Cryptoxanthin Has an Effect in Menopausal Women (2006)

The effects of prolonged intake of juice prepared from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) containing β-cryptoxanthin on circulating biochemical markers of bone metabolism in subjects, including menopausal woman, were investigated. Ninety volunteers, aged 27-65 years (19 men and 71 women), were enrolled in this study. The 71 females included 35 premenopausal women (ages, 27-50 years) and 36 postmenopausal women (ages, 46-65 years). Volunteers were divided into four groups; placebo juice without β-cyptoxanthin (5 men and 19 women), juice containing β-cyptoxanthin at 1.5 mg/200 ml of juice/day (4 men and 17 women), 3.0 mg/day (5 men and 17 women), and 6.0 mg/day (5 men and 18 women). Placebo or juice (200 ml) was ingested once a day for 28 or 56 days. Serum β-cryptoxanthin concentrations were significantly increased after the intake of juice containing β-cryptoxanthin (1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days, and the increases were dose-dependent. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and γ-carboxylated osteocalcin are serum bone markers of bone formation, and bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and N-telopeptides of type I collagen are markers of bone resorption. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased after the intake of juice containing β-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake. γ-Carboxylated osteocalcin concentration was significantly increased after the intake of juice containing β-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake or after the intake of placebo juice. Serum TRACP activity and type I collagen N-telopeptide concentration were significantly decreased after the intake of juice containing β-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake or after intake of placebo juice, and significant decreases were also seen after the intake of 1.5 mg/day β-cryptoxanthin as compared with the value obtained before intake. In menopausal women, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity and γ-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration were significantly increased after the intake of juice containing β-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 56 days as compared with the value obtained after placebo intake. Also, this intake caused a significant decrease in bone TRACP activity. Meanwhile, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone (intact) were not changed after the intake of β-cryptoxanthin-containing juice for 28 or 56 days. This study demonstrates that the prolonged intake of juice fortified with β-cryptoxanthin has stimulatory effects on bone formation and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in humans, and that the intake has an effect in menopausal women.
A New Synthesis of β-Lactams (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of β-LactamsJohn C. Sheehan and Ajay Kumar BoseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 11, 5158–5161Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01167a099https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01167a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technology and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering (2015)

"This book brings together theory and practical application, thus offering a unified and thorough understanding of soil mechanics. Highlighting illustrative examples, technological applications, and theoretical and foundational concepts"--
Subband Coded Image Transmitting over Noisy Channels Using Multicarrier Modulation (1998)

In this paper, we present a new loading algorithm for subband coded image transmission on multicarrier modulation systems. The image subbands are transmitted simultaneously, each occupying a number of subchannels. Different modulation rates and powers are assigned to the subchannels transmitting different subbands. Unlike the traditional loading algorithms, which flat the error performance of all the subchannels, the proposed loading algorithm assigns different error performances to the subchannels in order to provide unequal error protection for the subbands data. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm yields significant improvement over traditional loading algorithms, especially for spectral-shaped channels.
Systematic Mutation Screening of the Estrogen Receptor Beta Gene in Probands of Different Weight Extremes: Identification of Several Genetic Variants (1998)

Estrogens are known to have an inhibitory effect on food intake in rodents and primates. Decreased estrogen levels that are found for instance in menopausal woman and in ovarectomized rodents result in body weight gain. Estrogen can act both in the periphery and in the central nervous system via at least two different estrogen receptors (alpha and beta). We systematically screened the coding region and part of the 5' and 3'regions of the estrogen receptor beta gene (ER beta) in 96 extremely obese children and adolescents, 50 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 28 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 25 healthy underweight individuals. We detected five different sequence variants in the ER beta: a) A 21 bp deletion (codons 238 to 244) was detected in two obese probands and an underweight individual. b) An 846G-->A transition leading to a nonconservative amino acid substitution (G-250-S) was found in two obese male probands. Both a) and b) were located within the flexible hinge region between DNA and ligand binding domain. c) For a 1082G-->A polymorphism we found suggestive evidence for an association between the more common 1082G-allele and anorexia nervosa (nominal p=0.04). d) One silent mutation (1421T-->C) was found solely in two obese probands. e) A common variant is located in the 3' nontranslated region at position 1730(A-->G). We did not detect association of this polymorphism to any of the analyzed phenotypes. We conclude that the ER beta harbors several different mutations and polymorphisms, none of which can readily be associated with the phenotypes under study.
A self-describing file protocol for simulation integration and shared postprocessors (2002)

A typical accelerator physics code uses a combination of text output, unformatted output, and special-purpose graphics to present results to the user. Most users must learn multiple graphics and postprocessing systems; many resort to manual extraction of data from text output, creation of customized postprocessing programs, and even modification of the simulation code. This situation slows down research, results in duplication of effort, hampers unforeseen use of simulation output, and makes program upgrades potentially traumatic. This paper discusses the design and use of a self-describing file protocol that addresses these problems. An extensive toolkit of generic postprocessing programs, including sophisticated graphics, is available. This system has been used for most of the data collection for advanced photon source (APS) commissioning, and is incorporated into a number of simulation codes.
New strategies for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (Review) (2012)

The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders caused by the deficiency of any of the lysosomal functions, in most cases of lysosomal hydrolases. LSDs are typically characterized by storage of a variety of substrates in multiple tissues and organs and by the variable association of unusual clinical manifestations that are often responsible for physical and neurological handicaps. During the past two decades, research in the field of LSDs has made marked progress, particularly with the development of a variety of innovative therapeutic approaches. These include several strategies aimed at increasing the residual activity of the missing enzyme, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, pharmacological chaperone therapy and gene therapy. An alternative approach is based on reducing the synthesis of the stored substrate. More recently, the improved knowledge on LSD pathophysiology has indicated additional targets of therapy. The recent progress made in the treatment of LSDs represents a good model that may be extended to other genetic disorders.
Comparison of self-pulsation in multisection lasers with distributed feedback and intracavity saturable absorbers (1994)

The authors report a comparison of the self-pulsing characteristics of two types of semiconductor laser. They show that the self-pulsing frequency of the DFB laser is decoupled from the resonance frequency. They discuss the various characteristics, their significance in relation to optical synchronisation, and use the results to suggest a possible explanation for the mechanism for self-pulsation in the DFB laser.
Molecular Size of Asphaltene Solubility Fractions (2003)

A fluorescence depolarization technique was used to determine the molecular size of asphaltene solubility fractions of a petroleum resid asphaltene. The molecular size was determined at different emission wavelengths for each solubility fraction. For each subfraction the range of molecular size was found to vary considerably. However, at a given emission wavelength, the molecular sizes for the different asphaltene solubility subfractions are very similar, that is the subfractions differ from each other by different population distributions of the same set of molecules. The size variation among the different subfractions is due to the different molecular population distributions of the constituent components. The population distribution was estimated from published LDMS results.
Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Mediated by Arylpropionic Acid Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (2006)

It has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be partly due to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as to inhibit the respiratory burst of neutrophils triggered by various activating agents. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare the potential scavenging activity for an array of ROS (O2*-, H2O2, HO*, ROO* and HOCl) and RNS (*NO and ONOO-) using in vitro non-cellular screening systems as well as a cellular screening system (human neutrophil oxidative burst), mediated by the arylpropionic acid derivatives (APAs) NSAIDs ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, naproxen and indoprofen. The results obtained in the present work demonstrate that under the present experimental conditions, many of the studied APA NSAIDs showed O2*- scavenging activity (fenbufen approximately equal to flurbiprofen approximately equal to indoprofen approximately equal to ketoprofen), H2O2 (ketoprofen approximately equal to indoprofen approximately equal to fenbufen>flurbiprofen>naproxen), HO* (fenoprofen approximately equal to ibuprofen>fenbufen approximately equal to flurbiprofen>ketoprofen>indoprofen approximately equal to naproxen), *NO (indoprofen>naproxen), ONOO- (indoprofen>naproxen>fenoprofen approximately equal to flurbiprofen approximately equal to ibuprofen), as well as inhibit myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (indoprofen) and scavenge human neutrophil derived ROS (ketoprofen>indoprofen>fenbufen>flurbiprofen). The observed effects, if confirmed in vivo, may strongly contribute to the anti-inflammatory therapeutical activity observed with these NSAIDs.
Investigation of Pulse Velocity-Strength Relationship of Hardened Concrete (2007)

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Temperature controlled microstage for an atomic force microscope (1996)

A temperature controlled microstage has been developed for an atomic force microscope (AFM). The stage is based on a small, temperature regulated heater, which is attached to the piezo-scanner of the AFM. The operating performances of the AFM have been tested in air at elevated temperatures. It was found that atomic resolution can routinely be achieved up to 80 °C, whereas beyond this temperature, the onset of thermal instabilities of the AFM cantilever was observed.
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for severe idiopathic dystonia: impact on severity, neuropsychological status, and quality of life (2007)

Deep brain stimulation of the STN is a novel target for dystonia and may be an alternative to GPI DBS. Further studies need to be performed to confirm these conclusions and to determine optimal candidates and stimulation parameters.
[Limits on increasing the sensitivity of x-ray diagnostic screens]. (1987)

The irradiation dose for patients is proportional to that necessary to receive sufficiently informative image. The minimum value of this dose for different examination methods (roentgenography, photoroentgenography and roentgenoscopy) is evaluated by comparing the quantum fluctuation level with the visual "noise" and other components of the threshold contrast. The role of these components balance and the optimization of conditions and hardware for X-ray examination have been discussed.
<title>High Density Schottky Barrier Infrared Charge-Coupled Device (IRCCD) Sensors For Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) Applications At Intermediate Temperature</title> (1982)

Monolithic 32 x 64 and 64 x 128 palladium silicide (Pd2Si) interline transfer IRCCDs sensitive in the 1-3.5 pm spectral band have been developed. This silicon imager exhibits a low response nonuniformity of typically 0.2-1.6% rms, and has been operated in the temperature range between 40-140K. Spectral response measurements of test Pd<sub>2</sub>Si p-type Si devices yield quantum efficiencies of 7.9% at 1.25 μm, 5.6% at 1.65 μm and 2.2% at 2.22 μm. Improvement in quantum efficiency is expected by optimizing the different structural parameters of the Pd<sub>2</sub>Si detectors. The spectral response of the Pd<sub>2</sub>Si detectors fit a modified Fowler emission model. The measured photo-electric barrier height for the Pd<sub>2</sub>Si detector is ≈0.34 eV and the measured quantum efficiency coefficient, C<sub>1</sub>, is 19%/eV. The dark current level of Pd<sub>2</sub>Si Schottky barrier focal plane arrays (FPAs) is sufficiently low to enable operation at intermediate tem-peratures at TV frame rates. Typical dark current level measured at 120K on the FPA is 2 nA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The Pd<sub>2</sub>Si Schottky barrier imaging technology has been developed for satellite sensing of earth resources. The operating temperature of the Pd2Si FPA is compatible with passive cooler performance. In addition, high density Pd2Si Schottky barrier FPAs are manufactured with high yield and therefore represent an economical approach to short wavelength IR imaging. A Pd<sub>2</sub>Si Schottky barrier image sensor for push-broom multispectral imaging in the 1.25, 1.65, and 2.22 μm bands is being studied. The sensor will have two line arrays (dual band capability) of 512 detectors each, with 30 μm center-to-center detector spacing. The device will be suitable for chip-to-chip abutment, thus providing the capability to produce large, multiple chip focal planes with contiguous, in-line sensors.
Structure of detonation nanodiamonds (2001)

Nanoparticles of diamond were formed from detonations, and density and other measurements indicate they are hollow. The most likely explanation is that they condensed from liquid carbon which is less dense than diamond.
The Application of Microreactors for Small Scale Organic Synthesis (2005)

Abstract This review article describes how microreactors are being applied to synthetic organic chemistry within the pharmaceutical industry and how microreactors may improve the efficiency of the drug discovery process. This article explores how miniaturization may revolutionize chemical synthesis and demonstrates that products are generated in higher yield and purity compared to the equivalent bulk reactions, in much shorter periods of time.