gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin by slide latex agglutination (1988)

A simple and rapid method in which slide latex agglutination was used was developed to detect the exfoliative toxin (ET) elaborated by clinical isolates. ET types A and B (ET-A and ET-B) were purified by plate gel isoelectrofocusing, and anti-ET sera were obtained by immunizing rabbits. A specific immunoglobulin G antitoxin was then prepared from the immunized rabbit sera by fast protein liquid chromatography, and latex particles were coated with the antitoxin. Of 74 staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 61 strains were found to produce ET by the newborn mouse bioassay. All 61 strains were shown to be positive for ET-A and ET-B production by the slide latex agglutination method. The lowest concentration of ETs detected by the latex agglutination method was 0.5 microgram/ml, which was much lower than that detected by the double immunodiffusion method, with a sensitivity of 50 micrograms/ml. It is crucial to prove ET production by clinical isolates for the diagnosis and surveillance of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. The latex agglutination method is a sensitive, simple, and rapid test which can be used as an alternative to the newborn mouse bioassay.
MUSIC, maximum likelihood, and Cramer-Rao bound: further results and comparisons (1990)

The problem of determining the direction-of-arrival of narrowband plane waves using sensor arrays and the related problem of estimating the parameters of superimposed signals from noisy measurements are studied. A number of results have been recently presented by the authors on the statistical performance of the multiple signal characterization (MUSIC) and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators for the above problems. This work extends those results in several directions. First, it establishes that in the class of weighted MUSIC estimators, the unweighted MUSIC achieves the best performance (i.e. the minimum variance of estimation errors), in large samples. Next, it derives the covariance matrix of the ML estimator and presents detailed analytic studies of the statistical efficiency of MUSIC and ML estimators. These studies include performance comparisons of MUSIC and MLE with each other, as well as with the ultimate performance corresponding to the Cramer-Rao bound. Finally, some numerical examples are given which provide a more quantitative study of performance for the problem of finding two directions with uniform linear sensor arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variations in vascular resistance of isolated rat hearts during normothermic and hypothermic experiments (1981)

The flexibility of an automated, modified Langendorff perfusion column is illustrated by a series of experiments on isolated rat hearts under the following conditions:L normothermia, hypothermia, the addition of a cryoprotective agent--ethylene glycol and cooling to -13 degrees C and -22 degrees C. Successful normothermic perfusions of up to 14 h were achieved. Hypothermia prevented a rise in vascular resistance with time and improved the electrocardiograms. Ethylene glycol was administered during the cooling period to -22 degrees C at temperatures below 23 degrees C. It was removed upon warming and before toxic effects were visible, thus leading to good recovery. By controlling the speed of the perfusate's peristaltic pump, the perfusion pressure was not allowed to exceed a pre-set level. A constant and standard vascular resistance at any selected perfusion temperature, normal heart rate and electrocardiograms were the criteria for normality.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of p-aminothiophenol (2012)

p-aminothiophenol (PATP) is an important molecule for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). It can strongly interact with metallic SERS substrates and produce very strong SERS signals. It is a molecule that has often been used for mechanistic studies of the SERS mechanism as the photon-driven charge transfer (CT) mechanism is believed to be present for this molecule. Recently, a hot debate over the SERS behavior of PATP was triggered by our finding that PATP can be oxidatively transformed into 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB), which gives a SERS spectra of so-called "b2 modes". In this perspective, we will give a general overview of the SERS mechanism and the current status of SERS studies on PATP. We will then demonstrate with our experimental and theoretical evidence that it is DMAB which contributes to the characteristic SERS behavior in the SERS spectra of PATP and analyze some important experimental phenomena in the framework of the surface reaction instead of the contribution "b2 modes". We will then point out the existing challenges of the present system. A clear understanding of the reaction mechanism for nitrobenzene or aromatic benzene will be important to not only understand the SERS mechanism but to also provide an economic way of producing azo dyes with a very high selectivity and conversion rate.
The Circadian Gene <i>Clock</i> Regulates Bone Formation Via PDIA3 (2016)

The expression patterns of clock-controlled genes (ccgs) are regulated by circadian rhythm, which is a major regulatory and physiological mechanism tied to the solar day. Disruptions in circadian rhythm contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and aging. It has been reported that bone remodeling is also regulated by circadian rhythm. However, the molecular mechanism by which the circadian gene Clock regulates bone remodeling has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that Clock mutant mice exhibit a significant reduction in bone density as well as increased apoptosis. Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) is a 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] receptor that can regulate bone formation and apoptosis. Using luciferase and ChIP assays, we confirmed that Pdia3 is a ccg. Clock activates Pdia3 transcription by binding the E-box promoter, and transcription is decreased in Clock<sup>Δ19</sup> mutant mice. Forced expression of Pdia3 or of Clock completely rescues the osteogenic disorders found in the mutant background and inhibits apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, ablation of PDIA3 via RNA interference completely blocks the compensatory effect of forced expression of Clock in osteoblasts. Our results demonstrate that the core circadian gene Clock regulates bone formation via transcriptional control of 1,2,5(OH)2D3 receptor PDIA3. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Intercontinental Frequency Comparison by Very Low-Frequency Radio Transmission (1957)

Studies of signals from Rugby, England, at 16 kc and 60 kc have given evidence that a single source of standard frequency can be made available at vlf on a world-wide basis. At a distance of 5200 km the Doppler effects in transmission seldom exceed ±3 parts in 109, and a measurement can be made to 1 part in 109 in a few minutes. Accuracies exceeding 1 part in 1010 are consistently obtained by observation over several hours. Data by Allan, Crombie, and Penton, of the New Zealand Dominion Physical Laboratory, indicate that at 16 kc the diurnal Doppler effects at 18,700 km have normal maxima of the order of 1/108, and that a measurement to 3 or 4 parts in 109 can be made in an hour or less. These results are described and some of the effects of solar flares and magnetic disturbances are discussed. In addition, a brief description is given of four mechanisms that have been found useful in comparing the frequency of a local oscillator with that of a vlf standard transmission.
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on brain function and structure (2012)

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women in Western Europe and the United\nStates. In 2009, 13,177 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed within the Netherlands\nalone The lifetime risk of breast cancer in Dutch women reached 1 in 8.3 between 2005 and\n2009, which is comparable to the lifetime risk of 1 in 8.2 in United States women that was\nobserved between 2005 and 2007.\nThe European Standardized Rates of breast cancer in the Netherlands significantly increased\nfrom 97.4 per 100,000 in 1989 to 129.6 per 100,000 in 2007. This increase has been ascribed\nto lifestyle changes such as delayed childbearing, lower parity, reduced breast-feeding and\nincreased body-mass index. At the same time, mortality rates have decreased slightly as\na result of improved treatment and possibly as a result of population screening. Because of\nthe increased incidence and slightly decreased mortality, the number of survivors has increased.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid—Liquid Phase Transfer Catalytic Method for the Preparation of Acyclic and Cyclic Ketene Acetals. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photon kinetic modeling of laser pulse propagation in underdense plasma (2006)

This paper discusses photon kinetic theory, which is a description of the electromagnetic field in terms of classical particles in coordinate and wave number phase space. Photon kinetic theory is applied to the interaction of laser pulses with underdense plasma and the transfer of energy and momentum between the laser pulse and the plasma is described in photon kinetic terms. A comparison is made between a one-dimensional full wave and a photon kinetic code for the same laser and plasma parameters. This shows that the photon kinetic simulations accurately reproduce the pulse envelope evolution for photon frequencies down to the plasma frequency.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium PIN X-ray detector (2001)

The hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/:H) pin X-ray detector has been fabricated successfully. It is found by introducing germanium into the amorphous silicon film, the X-ray detection efficiency is almost twice improved. This is due to the fact that the energy gap of a-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/:H is smaller than that of a-Si:H.
Self-assembly of an unpolar enantiomerically pure helicate-type metalla-cryptand (2003)

Chiral tetraketone ligands are obtained by Claisen-type condensation of 4-bromoacetophenone with the acetone ketal of L-tartraic acid diethylester and lead with gallium(III) or iron(III) ions in self-assembly processes to dinuclear helicate-type cryptands which are able to bind lithium cations.
Theory of air flow generation by a resonant type PVF2 bimorph cantilever vibrator (1978)

A theory is presented for the air flow generation caused by centrifugal forces acting in a vibrating PVF2 multimorph fan in the resonant condition. The vibration system is approximated by a mass acting at the center of inertial force against an elastic plate (the cantilever wing arm). The effect of air was represented by a non-linear dissipative load in the oscillating system. The relevant parameters of this system are then determinable, particularly the vibration amplitude and the wing tip velocity. These parameters determine the generated air flow velocity and volume flow rate. Air flow velocity is predicted to vary inversely as wing length, and the air volume flow rate to remain constant. These predictions agree well with experiment, particularly for larger wing lengths of the fan. Useful design information was obtained.
Share and share alike (1994)

Wendy Hall bemoans the lack of job sharing opportunities within the NHS
Pulse-Shaping Techniques Theory and Experimental Implementations for Femtosecond Pulses (2010)

Femtosecond pulses are used in many fields due to their specificities of extreme short duration, ultra high peak power or large spectral bandwidth. Since the early days of the laser in the 60s, there has been a continous quest to generate shorter and or higher peak power pulses. Reliable generation of pulses below 100fs occurred the first time in 1981 with the invention of the colliding pulse modelocked (CPM) ring dye laser (Fork R.L. and al., 1981). Despite relative low energy per pulses, the ultrashort pulse duration leads to peak power large enough for non linear pulse compression culminating in pulses as short as 6fs in the visible. Recent advances in laser technology as the use of solid-state gain media, laser diode pumping, fiber laser, have led to simple, reliable, turn key ultrashort laser oscillators with pulse duration ranging form few ps down to 5fs. Limitation to pulse energy in the range of a microJoule or less in the CPM laser has been overcomed by the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technique (Strickland D., Mourou G., (1985)). This technique is the optical transposition of a Radar technique developped during the second world war. The basic principle is to spread in time i.e to stretch the ultrashort pulse before amplification. Indeed limitation of the pulse amplification because of the damage threshold of the optics is mainly due to the pulse peak power. A stretch ratio of a million gives the ability to amplify the stretched pulse, without optical damage, by a factor of a million from less than a microJoule to more than a Joule per pulse. After amplification, recompression of the pulse is achieved by an optical set-up that has a very high damage threshold. To obtain the highest peak power, the pulse duration has to be “Fourier transform limited”, ie its spectral phase is purely linear. The compensation of the chirp and higher spectral phase order is highly simplified by the ability to introduced an arbitrarly shaped spectral phase. Application of these ultrashort pulses requires to control of optimize their temporal shape. Dispersion of materials and optical devices has been used to compress, stretch or replicate the pulses. Limitations on the ability to control the pulse temporal shape by classical optical devices have lead to the development of arbitrary pulse shapers. These devices are linear Source: Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and Applications, Book edited by: Mikhail Grishin, ISBN 978-953-7619-80-0, pp. 630, February 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM
An isocorydine derivative (d-ICD) inhibits drug resistance by downregulating IGF2BP3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

In our previous studies, we reported that CD133(+) cancer stem cells (CSCs) were chemoresistant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that isocorydine treatment decreased the percentage of CD133(+) CSCs. Here, we found that a derivative of isocorydine (d-ICD) inhibited HCC cell growth, particularly among the CD133(+) subpopulation, and rendered HCC cells more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. d-ICD inhibited IGF2BP3 expression in a time-dependent manner, and IGF2BP3 expression negatively correlated with d-ICD-induced growth suppression. IGF2BP3 overexpression enriched the CD133(+) CSC subpopulation in HCC, enhanced tumor sphere formation and suppressed the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib and doxorubicin. The expression of drug resistance-related genes, including ABCB1 and ABCG2, and the CSC marker CD133 expression was increased after IGF2BP3 overexpression. The significance of these observations was underscored by our findings that high IGF2BP3 expression predicted poor survival in a cohort of 236 patients with HCC and positively correlated with ABCG2 and CD133 expression in vivo. These results suggested that the d-ICD may inhibit HCC cells growth by IGF2BP3 decrease and that IGF2BP3 may serve as a therapeutic target for HCC.
Using video in teaching English as a foreign language (2008)

Plasmapheresis has not previously been described in this setting and the rapid response suggests that it should be considered in severe disease.
Synthetic Studies towards the Identification of Novel Capuramycin Analogs with Mycobactericidal Activity (2009)

Expeditious syntheses of capuramycin, an effective MraY inhibitor in vivo, analogs are described.Synthetic schemes reported here are extremely useful for the generation of capuramycin analogs to identify minimum structure requirement to exhibit antimycobactericidal activity.Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis (TB) and is responsible for nearly two million deaths annually. 1 In particular, people who have HIV-AIDS patients are susceptible to TB infection. 2reover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mtb seriously threatens TB control and prevention efforts. 3Recent studies have shown that infection with Mtb enhances replication of HIV and may accelerate the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.In addition, there are significant problems present with respect to treatment of AIDS and TB co-infected patients; rifampicin (a key drug of DOTS therapy) shows significant interactions with protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 4Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify in vivo effective mycobactericidal drug leads which interfere with unexploited bacterial molecular targets.Since peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential bacterial cell-wall polymer, the machinery for PG biosynthesis provides a unique and selective target for antibiotic action. 5By far, the most commonly exploited target in PG synthesis are the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which are inhibited by the β-lactams and glycopeptides.Unfortunately, these compounds are of limited use in TB infections due to the interplay of β-lactamase activity and the relative impermeability of the mycolic acid layer in mycobacteria. 6Three other biosynthetic steps in PG synthesis can be targeted by antibiotics in current clinical use; these
Fluorescence microscopy—A historical and technical perspective (2013)

For a little more than a century, fluorescence microscopy has been an essential source of major discoveries in cell biology. Recent developments improved both visualization and quantification by fluorescence microscopy imaging and established a methodology of fluorescence microscopy. By outlining basic principles and their historical development, I seek to provide insight into and understanding of the ever-growing tools of fluorescence microscopy. Thereby, this synopsis may help the interested researcher to choose a fluorescence microscopic method capable of addressing a specific scientific question.
Automatic Layout Generation of RF Embedded Passive Designs (2007)

In this paper we propose a methodology for automatic layout generation of embedded passive RF circuits. Physical layout generation of such designs is challenging since the response of a given layout is tightly coupled with the response of the individual components and the effect of interconnect parasitics. Our approach is to make use of circuit models to represent and optimize a given layout and use non-linear optimization at various stages to obtain the desired goals. Full-wave EM simulations is completely out of the design loop, so our methodology significantly reduces the design time for RF embedded passive circuits.
LXH254, a Potent and Selective ARAF-Sparing Inhibitor of BRAF and CRAF for the Treatment of MAPK-Driven Tumors (2020)

LXH254 is a novel RAF inhibitor, which is able to inhibit dimerized BRAF and CRAF, as well as monomeric BRAF, while largely sparing ARAF.
An alternating implicit block overlapped FDTD (AIBO-FDTD) method and its estimation with parallel computation (2002)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for solving various types of electromagnetic problems such as anisotropic and nonlinear problems. The FDTD method provides accurate predictions of field behaviors. In this paper, a new algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) finite-different time-domain (FDTD) is presented in order to increase the maximum time step size and reduce the simulation time by simulating in parallel computation.
The Influence of Contextual Information on the Perception of Speech by Postlingually and Prelingually Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Hebrew-Speaking Adolescents and Adults (2001)

This similar usage of contextual information among prelingually and postlingually hearing-impaired participants is encouraging and suggests the role of factors other than age of onset.
Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations by embolization and radiosurgery (1996)

Embolization was used to reduce the size of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) prior to radiosurgical treatment in 125 patients who were poor surgical candidates or had refused surgery. Of these patients, 81% had suffered hemorrhage, and 22.4% had undergone treatment at another institution. According to the Spetzler-Martin scale, the AVMs were Grade II in 9.6%, Grade III in 31.2%, Grade IV in 30.4%, and Grades V to VI in 28.8% of the cases. Most embolizations were performed using cyanoacrylate delivered by flow-guided microcatheters. Radiosurgery was performed using a linear accelerator in 62 patients treated by the authors, and 34 patients were treated at other institutions using various methods. Embolization produced total occlusion in 11.2% of AVMs and reduced 76% of AVMs enough to allow radiosurgery. Radiosurgery produced total occlusion in 65% of the partially embolized AVMs (79% when the residual nidus was < 2 cm in diameter). Embolizations resulted in a mortality rate of 1.6% and a morbidity rate of 12.8%. No complications were associated with radiosurgery. The hemorrhage rate for partially embolized AVMs was 3% per year. No patient with a completely occluded AVM experienced rehemorrhage. Angiographic follow-up review of AVMs embolized with cyanoacrylate demonstrated a 11.8% revascularization rate, occurring within 1 year. It is concluded that after partial embolization with cyanoacrylate, the risk of hemorrhage from the residual nidus is comparable to the natural history of AVMs and that the residual nidus can be irradiated with results almost as good as for a native AVM of the same size.
The Statins in Preventive Cardiology (2008)

The discovery of the statins by Akira Endo and colleagues in 1976 opened the door to a new era in preventive cardiology.1 The importance of this discovery was recently underscored by Endo's receipt of the 2008 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award. By inhibiting the biosynthesis of endogenous cholesterol, the statin drugs lower elevated blood cholesterol levels much more effectively than any of the dietary or drug regimens that were available before Endo's discovery. Moreover, they have proved to be remarkably free of serious side effects.The hypothesis that elevated blood cholesterol levels represent an important cause of atherosclerosis and . . .
Mechanical Properties of Cellularly Responsive Hydrogels and Their Experimental Determination (2010)

Hydrogels are increasingly employed as multidimensional cell culture platforms often with a necessity that they respond to or control the cellular environment. Specifically, synthetic hydrogels, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based gels, are frequently utilized for probing the microenvironment's influence on cell function, as the gel properties can be precisely controlled in space and time. Synthetically tunable parameters, such as monomer structure and concentration, facilitate initial gel property control, while incorporation of responsive degradable units enables cell- and/or user-directed degradation. Such responsive gel systems are complex with dynamic changes occurring over multiple time-scales, and cells encapsulated in these synthetic hydrogels often experience and dictate local property changes profoundly different from those in the bulk material. Consequently, advances in bulk and local measurement techniques are needed to monitor property evolution quantatively and understand its effect on cell function. Here, recent progress in cell-responsive PEG hydrogel synthesis and mechanical property characterization is reviewed.