gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Matrix/Growth Factor Interactions (1992)

Growth factors bind to extracellular matrices and onto cell surfaces, and this binding is mainly mediated by proteoglycans. Proteoglycans are proteins that carry an unusual carbohydrate, a glycosaminoglycan. The glycosaminoglycans are large carbohydrates that are composed of repeating disaccharide units and exist in four main forms: heparan sulfate and heparin, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. The first three are protein-bound glycosaminoglycans in their natural form, and they all contain sulfate; hyaluronic acid is made as a free glycosaminoglycan and lacks sulfate (see Ruoslahti 1989; Kolset and Gallagher 1990). The glycosaminoglycan substitution depends on the ability of the protein to serve as an acceptor for xylosyltransferase, the enzyme that begins the synthesis of most types of glycosaminoglycans.
Proteolytic Potential of the MSC Exosome Proteome: Implications for an Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Proteasome (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in many of the current stem cell-based clinical trials and their therapeutic efficacy has increasingly been attributed to secretion of paracrine factors. We have previously demonstrated that a therapeutic constituent of this secretion is exosome, a secreted bilipid membrane vesicle of ~50-100 nm with a complex cargo that is readily internalized by H9C2 cardiomyocytes. It reduces infarct size in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We postulate that this therapeutic efficacy is derived from the synergy of a select permutation of individual exosome components. To identify protein candidates in this permutation, the proteome was profiled and here we identified 20S proteasome as a protein candidate. Mass spectrometry analysis detected all seven α and seven β chains of the 20S proteasome, and also the three beta subunits of "immunoproteasome" with a very high confidence level. We demonstrated that a functional proteasome copurified with MSC exosomes with a density of 1.10-1.18 g/mL, and its presence correlated with a modest but significant reduction in oligomerized protein in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Circulating proteasomes in human blood also copurified with exosomes. Therefore, 20S proteasome is a candidate exosome protein that could synergize with other constituents to ameliorate tissue damage.
Subliminal priming enhances learning in a distant virtual 3D Intelligent Tutoring System (2008)

Abstract—In this paper we discuss the use of subliminal priming in a novel way in the context of a 3D virtual tutoring system. Subliminal priming is a technique used to project information to a learner outside of his perceptual field. Subliminal projections have been used in various fields but never in the domain of 3D Intelligent Tutoring Systems. We also monitored the physiological reactions of the user while they learn. We will present the virtual environment and the subliminal module used. The results of this study show that learners do feel motivated to learn in a 3D environment and enjoy the experience even if they hardly have any video gaming experience at all. Furthermore, subliminal priming, even though not consciously perceived by a learner, seems to elicit strong physiological reactions as well as positively impacts performance. Index Terms — Intelligent tutoring system, subliminal learning, physiological signals, virtual agents
Expression of the cell‐adhesion molecule VCAM‐1 by stromal cells is necessary for osteoclastogenesis (1997)

Osteoblastic cells have been shown to be involved in osteoclast formation through cell to cell contacts. This study was designed to examine the possible function of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) during osteoclastogenesis. As a source for stromal cells we used the recently established mouse bone marrow stromal cell line mBMS-B1 which has the ability to support osteoclastogenesis when used in co-culture with a crude spleen cell suspension. mBMS-B1 cells express a single approximately 3.9 kb VCAM-1 mRNA species. Expression was low under basal culture conditions and a 5-10-fold increase was observed in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cell surface expression of VCAM-1 examined by FACS analysis was increased about 2-fold after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Immunoprecipitation of cell surface expressed VCAM-1 or total VCAM-1 protein using the anti-VCAM-1 monoclonal antibody MK2.7 resulted in a single approximately 110 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. Induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 was about 2-5-fold on day 3. The stromal cell-osteoclast precursor cell interaction was investigated in a co-culture of the mBMS-B1 and mouse spleen cells in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The monoclonal antibody MK2.7 which is known to block hemopoietic-stromal cell recognition inhibited the formation of osteoclasts when added to the co-culture at day 2 but not day 4. These data suggest that VCAM-1 is involved in the interaction between stromal cells and osteoclastic precursor cells during osteoclastogenesis presumably most important during early stages of the formation of osteoclasts.
Potency of Fish Collagen as a Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

Cells, growth factors, and scaffold are the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Recently, scaffolds consisting of natural polymers, such as collagen and gelatin, bioabsorbable synthetic polymers, such as polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, and inorganic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, as well as composite materials have been rapidly developed. In particular, collagen is the most promising material for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen contains specific cell adhesion domains, including the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif. After the integrin receptor on the cell surface binds to the RGD motif on the collagen molecule, cell adhesion is actively induced. This interaction contributes to the promotion of cell growth and differentiation and the regulation of various cell functions. However, it is difficult to use a pure collagen scaffold as a tissue engineering material due to its low mechanical strength. In order to make up for this disadvantage, collagen scaffolds are often modified using a cross-linker, such as gamma irradiation and carbodiimide. Taking into account the possibility of zoonosis, a variety of recent reports have been documented using fish collagen scaffolds. We herein review the potency of fish collagen scaffolds as well as associated problems to be addressed for use in regenerative medicine.
Training with Exploration Improves a Greedy Stack LSTM Parser (2016)

We adapt the greedy Stack-LSTM dependency parser of Dyer et al. (2015) to support a training-with-exploration procedure using dynamic oracles(Goldberg and Nivre, 2013) instead of cross-entropy minimization. This form of training, which accounts for model predictions at training time rather than assuming an error-free action history, improves parsing accuracies for both English and Chinese, obtaining very strong results for both languages. We discuss some modifications needed in order to get training with exploration to work well for a probabilistic neural-network.
THE REDUCTIVE DIMERIZATION OF <i>N</i>-BENZYLIDENE ANILINE (1966)

The formation of alkali metal adducts of N-benzylidene aniline in several inert solvents is studied by protonolysis of the adducts and analysis of the reaction products, the diastereomeric N,N′,1,2-tetraphenylethylenediamines. With sodium and potassium metal in polar solvents, the product is predominantly the dd,ll diamine. With lithium metal or with solvents of low polarity, the product contains approximately equal quantities of the two diastereomers.It is demonstrated that the initially formed diastereomeric mixture generally contains appreciable amounts of the meso isomer. In polar solvents with sodium, isomerization to the stable dd,ll diastereomer occurs. However, with lithium or with sodium in nonpolar solvents, the isomerization does not occur. The reasons for the preponderance of the dd,ll-disodio compound in the equilibrating systems are discussed.
Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management (2021)

Machine Learning (ML) is quickly becoming a prominent method in many data management components, including query optimizers which have recently shown very promising results. However, the low availability of training data (i.e., large query workloads with execution time or output cardinality as labels) widely limits further advancement in research and compromises the technology transfer from research to industry. Collecting a labeled query workload has a very high cost in terms of time and money due to the development and execution of thousands of realistic queries/jobs.
miR-142–3p Down-Regulation Contributes to Thyroid Follicular Tumorigenesis by Targeting ASH1L and MLL1 (2014)

These data demonstrate that miR-142-3p downregulation has a role in thyroid tumorigenesis, by regulating ASH1L and MLL1.
Basic Studies on Propellant Casting (II). Effects of Solid Additives on Urethane Polymerization (1981)

Kinetic studies were carried out on urethane polymerization reaction of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene with isophorone diisocyanate under presence of Hexogen as solid additive. The rate was found to increase with the amount of Hexogen added. However the rate acceleration was not a catalytic effect but solely due to an increase of activation entropy. The reaction was a good 2nd order process with nearly constant activation energy of 8.4 kcal/mole.
GLUT4 vesicle dynamics in living 3T3 L1 adipocytes visualized with green-fluorescent protein (1997)

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into its target cells by a process which involves the translocation of the GLUT4 isoform of glucose transporter from an intracellular vesicular compartment(s) to the plasma membrane. The step(s) at which insulin acts in the vesicle trafficking pathway (e.g. vesicle movement or fusion with the plasma membrane) is not known. We expressed a green-fluorescent protein-GLUT4 (GFP-GLUT4) chimaera in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. The chimaera was expressed in vesicles located throughout the cytoplasm and also close to the plasma membrane. Insulin promoted a substantial translocation of GFP-GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Time-lapse confocal microscopy demonstrated that the majority of GFP-GLUT4-containing vesicles in the basal state were relatively static, as if tethered (or attached) to an intracellular structure. A proportion (approx. 5%) of the vesicles spontaneously lost their tether, and were observed to move rapidly within the cell. Other vesicles appear to be tethered only on one edge and were observed in a rapid stretching motion. The data support a model in which GLUT4-containing vesicles are tightly tethered to an intracellular structure(s), and indicate that a primary site of insulin action must be to release these vesicles, allowing them to then translocate to and fuse with the plasma membrane.
Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in cattle (1988)

Twenty-eight abscessed livers were collected from feedlot cattle at an abattoir; specimens were obtained from 49 abscesses for bacteriologic culture and for histologic examination. Cultural procedures included techniques to enumerate and isolate facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all 49 abscesses, whereas facultative bacteria were isolated from only 22. Mean bacterial counts for anaerobic and facultative bacteria were 3 X 10(8) and 8 X 10(8) bacteria/g of purulent material, respectively. Fusobacterium necrophorum, the only anaerobe isolated, was detected in 100% of the abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A was isolated from 57% of the abscesses (in pure culture from 75%), and F necrophorum biotype B was isolated from 47% of the abscesses (from 96% with mixed infections). Corynebacterium pyogenes was the predominant facultative bacterium isolated. Histologic changes in abscesses were qualitatively similar; abscesses were pyogranulomatous, with a necrotic center surrounded by zones of inflammatory tissue. However, the severity of lesions varied, depending on the F necrophorum biotype involved. Portal triad fibrosis and bile-duct proliferation were most severe in biotype A and mixed biotype B infections and less severe in abscesses from which biotype B was isolated in pure culture.
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using bioactive glass granules and autogenous bone with simultaneous implant placement (2001)

This clinical study was undertaken to: 1) evaluate the use of bioactive glass Biogran combined with autogenous bone as grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using radiography and histology; and 2) document the short-term post-loading success of implants inserted in sinus cavities augmented with this material. Unilateral or bilateral sinus augmentation was performed in 12 patients with 3-5 mm of alveolar crestal bone height in the posterior maxilla prior to grafting. The sinuses were grafted with bioactive glass mixed in a 4:1 ratio with autogenous bone. Simultaneously, 2-3 threaded titanium implants were inserted into the augmented sinuses. Second stage surgery was carried out 9 to 12 months post implantation. At abutment connection, 10 core biopsy specimens were taken from different grafted sites and evaluated histologically. All 27 implants were clinically stable at second stage surgery. A mean increase in mineralized tissue height of 7.1 +/- 1.6 mm was evident when comparing the pre-surgical CT scans with those performed 9-12 months following the sinus augmentation procedure. Evaluation of the cores yielded a mean of 30.6 +/- 5.7% of bone tissue in the grafted sites. One implant failed during the prosthetic phase while the remaining 26 implants were stable 12 months post loading. This study suggests that Biogran/autogenous bone graft combination used in one-stage sinus augmentation yields sufficient quality and volume of mineralized tissue for predictable simultaneous implant placement in patients with 3-5 mm of bone height prior to grafting.
Forced Expiratory Flows and Volumes in Infants: Normative Data and Lung Growth (2000)

Forced expiratory flows (FEF) can be measured in infants from lung volumes initiated near total lung capacity. In order to establish reference values and to evaluate lung growth, we obtained measurements in 155 healthy subjects between 3 and 149 wk of age. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was highly correlated with body length; however, after accounting for length, age was also significant. When subjects were divided at the median age (40 wk) younger compared with older subjects had a significantly larger slope for length (3.7 versus 2.8; p = 0.002). The flow parameters (FEF(50), FEF(75), FEF(85), and FEF(25-75)) were highly correlated with length, and those infants whose mothers smoked had lower flows. For FEF(75), male subjects had lower flows than female subjects. The relationship between FEF and volume was assessed using FEV(0.5)/FVC, which decreased with increasing length. Smaller subjects emptied their lung volume proportionately faster. We conclude that our study provides reference values for this age group and demonstrates that smoke-exposed infants and male subjects have decreased FEF. In addition, our findings indicate that lung volume increases most rapidly during the first year of life and that airways are large relative to lung volume very early in life.
Photonic crystal polarisation splitters (1999)

The design, fabrication, and measurement of an a-Si/SiO2 photonic crystal polarisation splitter are reported. The device consists of a 10-period corrugated multilayer film and is made by a combination of sputter-deposition and sputter-etching processes. The measured insertion loss and extinction ratio at λ = 1.55 µm are 0.4 dB and > 40 dB, respectively.
Asymmetrische Synthesen, IV. Über die asymmetrische Strecker‐Synthese mit (<i>S</i>)‐(−)‐1‐Phenylethylamin als chiralem Hilfsreagens (1977)

Abstract Bei der asymmetrischen Strecker‐Synthese mit ( S )‐(−)‐1‐Phenylethylamin als chiralem Hilfsreagens können die α‐Methyl‐α‐aminonitrile 1–6 stereochemisch einheitlich in hoher Ausbeute (70–90%) isoliert werden. Der stereochemische Verlauf dieser Reaktionen zeigt eine Abhängigkeit von der Substitution der eingesetzten Arylalkyl‐methyl‐ketone, die dem bei Verwendung von (4 S ,5 S )‐(+)‐5‐Amino‐2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxan als chiralem Hilfsreagens vollkommen gegensätzlich ist 2) . Die Konfiguration am neugebildeten Chiralitätszentrum in 1–6 wird nicht durch die Länge der C ‐Kette beeinflußt; dagegen tritt Konfigurationswechsel ein, wenn der Phenylrest der Ausgangsketone durch Methoxygruppen substituiert ist. Die optisch reinen α‐Methyl‐α‐aminonitrile äquilibrieren in Lösung. 1 –6 lassen sich nicht mit Salzsäure, sondern nur mit konz. Schwefelsäure verseifen. Aus 1, 3 und 4 entstehen die entsprechenden α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren 14 – 16 , während die Verseifung von 2 und 5 zu uneinheitlichen Produkten führt. 6 ergibt das Cyclisierungsprodukt 17 .
INFLUENCE OF NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS ON THE REACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS SULFIDES AND ALKYL HOMOLOGUES OF DAVY'S REAGENT WITH ALKYL HALIDES AND DIALKYL DISULFIDES (1998)

Abstract Use of potassium carbonate, sodium sulfide and sodium alkylthiolates results in the reactivity enhancement of phosphorus sulfides (P4S10, P4S7 and P4S5) and alkyl homologues of Davy's reagent in their reactions with alkyl halides and dialkyl disulfides.
A detailed multipoint map of human chromosome 4 provides evidence for linkage heterogeneity and position-specific recombination rates. (1991)

Utilizing the CEPH reference panel and genotypic data for 53 markers, we have constructed a 20-locus multipoint genetic map of human chromosome 4. New RFLPs are reported for four loci. The map integrates a high-resolution genetic map of 4p16 into a continuous map extending to 4q31 and an unlinked cluster of three loci at 4q35. The 20 linked markers form a continuous linkage group of 152 cM in males and 202 cM in females. Likely genetic locations are provided for 25 polymorphic anonymous sequences and 28 gene-specific RFLPs. The map was constructed employing the LINKAGE and CRIMAP computational methodologies to build the multipoint map via a stepwise algorithm. A detailed 10-point map of the 4p16 region constructed from the CEPH panel provides evidence for heterogeneity in the linkage maps constructed from families segregating for Huntington disease (HD). It additionally provides evidence for position-specific recombination frequencies in the telomeric region of 4p.
Genetic recombination of bacterial plasmid DNA: effect of RecF pathway mutations on plasmid recombination in Escherichia coli (1985)

Tn5 insertion mutations in the recN gene, and in what appears to be a new RecF pathway gene designated recO and mapping at approximately 55.4 min on the standard genetic map, were isolated by screening Tn5 insertion mutations that cotransduced with tyrA. The recO1504::Tn5 mutation decreased the frequency of recombination during Hfr-mediated crosses and increased the susceptibility to killing by UV irradiation and mitomycin C when present in a recB recC sbcB background, but only increased the sensitivity to killing by UV irradiation when present in an otherwise Rec+ background. The effects of these and other RecF pathway mutations on plasmid recombination were tested. Mutations in the recJ, recO, and ssb genes, when present in otherwise Rec+ E. coli strains, decreased the frequency of plasmid recombination, whereas the lexA3, recAo281, recN, and ruv mutations had no effect on plasmid recombination. Tn5 insertion mutations in the lexA gene increased the frequency of plasmid recombination. These data indicate that plasmid recombination events in wild-type Escherichia coli strains are catalyzed by a recombination pathway that is related to the RecF recombination pathway and that some component of this pathway besides the recA gene product is regulated by the lexA gene product.
<i>Ex vivo</i> nerve growth factor gene transfer to the basal forebrain in presymptomatic middle-aged rats prevents the development of cholinergic neuron atrophy and cognitive impairment during aging (1998)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is able to restore spatial learning and reverse forebrain cholinergic neuron atrophy when administered intracerebrally to behaviorally impaired aged rats. In the present study, behaviorally unimpaired, middle-aged rats (14-16 months old) received transplants of ex vivo transduced, clonal NGF-secreting immortalized neural progenitor cells, bilaterally in the nucleus basalis and septum. During the subsequent 9 months the aged control animals developed the expected impairment in spatial learning in the water maze task, whereas the animals with NGF-secreting grafts maintained a performance level not different from the 12-month-old control rats. The marked age-induced atrophy (-25%) of the cholinergic neurons in medial septum and nucleus basalis, seen in the aged control rats, was not present in the NGF-treated aged animals. 3H-labeled thymidine autoradiography showed that the transduced cells survived well and had become integrated into the host tissue surrounding the injection sites, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed expression of the NGF transgene, at both 4 and 9 months postgrafting, in the grafted tissue. The results show that long-term supply of NGF from ex vivo transduced immortalized neural progenitor cells locally within the nucleus basalis and septum can prevent the subsequent development of age-dependent neuronal atrophy and behavioral impairments when the animals reach advanced age.
Whispering-gallery modes of dielectric resonators (1982)

The whispering-gallery modes of cylindrical dielectric resonators of high permittivity (εr~38) are investigated. Axial-mode confinement is ensured by a slight increase in the rod diameter. The resonances for various azimuthal mode numbers and the two states of polarisation are identified experimentally. There is a good agreement between measured and calculated frequencies. The measured quality factor, of the order of 7000 at 6 GHz, is, for some resonances, limited only by the intrinsic loss of the dielectric material. The whispering-gallery mode of resonance enables designers to use comparatively larger-size dielectric resonators at millimetre-wavelengths with good frequency selection and low loss.
<u>Methods for Investigating the</u>: Characteristics of Reactive Coatings (1959)

Characteristics of iron, zinc and manganese phosphate treatments are described. Methods are given for preparing standards whose content of reaction coatings can be used for comparison in determining the weight of reaction coatings on specimen coupons, through the use of emission spectroscopy. The role of the so-called metal accelerators is defined. Greater thicknesses can be obtained by using ultrasonic waves, especially on parts of intricate cross-section. Data are given for zinc and manganese conversion coatings, and tests are described whereby the thicknesses of these coatings can be determined with a high order of accuracy. A method of determining volume of conversion coating through use of the decreasing resistance of a wash water is described. Investigation showed that the function of a dichromate sealer is to release chromate ions, which are inhibitive. Coatings containing chromic compounds apparently have no inhibitive effect. The investigation showed that a reaction product formed underneath organic coatings on steel and that it differed considerably from the composition of the paint. The amount of this reaction coating is small compared to that produced by liquid phosphatizing solutions and there was evidence that chromates in the paint are the active inhibiting agents. Another type of reaction not involving liquid phosphoric acid solutions is described for oleo-resinous paints. 5.9.4