gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logic induction of valid behavior specifications for intrusion detection (2002)

This paper introduces an automated technique for constructing valid behavior specifications of programs (at the system call level) that are independent of system vulnerabilities and are highly effective in identifying intrusions. The technique employs a machine learning method, inductive logic programming (ILP), for synthesizing first order logic formulas that describe the valid operations of a program from the normal runs of the program. ILP backed by theories and techniques extended from computational logic, allows the use of complex domain-specific background knowledge in the learning process to produce sound and consistent knowledge. A specification induction engine has been developed by extending an existing ILP tool and has been used to construct specifications for several (>10) privileged programs in Unix. Coupling with rich background knowledge in systems and security, the prototype induction engine generates human understandable and analytable specifications that are as good as those specified by a human. Preliminary experiments with existing attacks show that the generated specifications are highly effective in detecting attacks that subvert privileged programs to gain unauthorized accesses to resources.
Evaluation of Recurrent Selection in BSSS, BSCB1, and BS13 Maize Populations<sup>1</sup> (1983)

A population diallel (including sells) of the C0, C4, and C7 cycles of BSSS(R), BSCB1(R), and BS13(HT) and crosses involving the C5 and C8 cycles of BSSS(R) and BSCB1(R) were used to evaluate effects of recurrent selection for grain yield in maize ( Zea mays L.). The response in BSSS(R) and BSCB1(R) was calculated separately for cycles 0–4 and cycles 4–8. Both direct and indirect responses to reciprocal recurrent selection were greater in cycles 4–8 than in the initial cycles, indicating that the use of machine‐harvesting and the use of S1 plants in making the testcrosses were effective for increasing machine‐harvested grain yields. The response of the population cross to RRS was estimated to be 4.3% per cycle when averaged over all cycles. Estimates of indirect effects (gains in the populations per se), adjusted for the effects of drift, were larger than estimates of direct effects in the BSSS(R) ✕ BSCB1(R) population cross. Mean yield of the BSSS(R)C7 ✕ BSCB1(R)C7 population cross was 87% of the single‐cross check B73 ✕ Mo17. Changes in other agronomic characters were generally in the desired direction with the exception of grain moisture. It was concluded that recurrent selection was effective for increasing grain yield and improving other agronomic characters in population crosses, but effects of drift due to small population size were evident in the populations per se.
A regulatory gene (ccaR) required for cephamycin and clavulanic acid production in Streptomyces clavuligerus: amplification results in overproduction of both beta-lactam compounds (1997)

A regulatory gene (ccaR), located within the cephamycin gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus, is linked to a gene (blp) encoding a protein similar to a beta-lactamase-inhibitory protein. Expression of ccaR is required for cephamycin and clavulanic acid biosynthesis in S. clavuligerus. The ccaR-encoded protein resembles the ActII-ORF4, RedD, AfsR, and DnrI regulatory proteins of other Streptomyces species, all of which share several motifs. Disruption of ccaR by targeted double recombination resulted in the loss of the ability to synthesize cephamycin and clavulanic acid. Complementation of the disrupted mutant with ccaR restored production of both secondary metabolites. ccaR was expressed as a monocistronic transcript at 24 and 48 h in S. clavuligerus cultures (preceding the phase of antibiotic accumulation), but no transcript hybridization signals were observed at 72 or 96 h. This expression pattern is consistent with those of regulatory proteins required for antibiotic biosynthesis. Amplification of ccaR in S. clavuligerus resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the production of cephamycin and clavulanic acid.
composition-dependent<i>in vivo</i>antitumor activity of adriamycin-conjugated polymeric micelle against murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 (1993)

Micelle-forming block copolymer–drug conjugates, Adriamycin-conjugated polyethylene glycol–poly(aspartic acid) block copolymers (PEG-P[Asp(ADR)]), were synthesized in eight compositions with varying chain lengths of the segments constituting the block co-polymer. The antitumor activity of this micelle-forming polymeric anticancer drug against murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 (C 26) was evaluated by injection into the tail vein. The in vivo activity of the micelle-forming polymeric anticancer drug was revealed to be strongly dependent on the composition, while the in vitro cytotoxic activity was found to be in the same range regard-less of the composition. One composition of PEG–P[Asp(ADR)] was observed to significantly suppress tumor growth and to prolong survival of the treated mice in a wide dose range. These results indicated that selective delivery of the micelle-forming polymeric anti-cancer drug to the tumor was achieved by the appropriate composition of the block copolymer–drug conjugates.
Add-On Therapy of Fenfluramine in Intractable Self-Induced Epilepsy (1996)

Eleven institutionalized children (7 girls, 4 boys) with refractory epilepsy received fenfluramine as add-on therapy. Besides therapy resistance, the patients manifested self-induction of seizures. Eight patients were photosensitive and/or pattern sensitive. All antiepileptic drugs of doubtful efficacy were withdrawn. During withdrawal, patients did neither improve nor show an increase in seizure frequency. Fenfluramine was then added and administered once to three times daily at dosages between 0.5 and 1 mg/kg.day. Side effects were mild and transient. Of the 11 patients, 7 became seizure-free and in 4 patients a more than 75% decrease of all seizures was obtained.
Wound healing through synergy of hyaluronan and an iodine complex (2011)

Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a polysaccharide found in many locations in the human body, such as eye, skin and soft tissue. It is also found in other mammals and bacteria. As a component of the extracellular matrix, its role in wound repair, among others, is that of providing a temporary structure to support new tissue formation. Harnessing the therapeutic action of hyaluronan into a topical application of proven clinical benefit has proved challenging. A new development in hyaluronan technology, comprising sodium hyaluronate and iodine complex, offers a novel approach in exploiting the benefits of hyaluronan and delivering real clinical benefits for a wide range of wound types.
Visualising Knowledge Maps for Encyclopedia Articles (2006)

This publication presents a prototype visualisation system for navigation of encyclopedia articles based on knowledge maps connecting articles to each other. A turning table is used as a metaphor to depict a result set as a whole, while three-dimensional objects of various shapes placed on top of the table represent individual encyclopaedia articles. The system employs a number of depth cues to enhance spatial perception and uses depth-dependent semi-transparency of labels to avoid display cluttering. A concrete implementation for the German language "Brockhaus Multimedial" electronic encyclopaedia is presented and discussed.
On Communication Cost of Distributed Statistical Estimation and Dimensionality (2014)

We explore the connection between dimensionality and communication cost in distributed learning problems. Specifically we study the problem of estimating the mean $\vecθ$ of an unknown $d$ dimensional gaussian distribution in the distributed setting. In this problem, the samples from the unknown distribution are distributed among $m$ different machines. The goal is to estimate the mean $\vecθ$ at the optimal minimax rate while communicating as few bits as possible. We show that in this setting, the communication cost scales linearly in the number of dimensions i.e. one needs to deal with different dimensions individually. Applying this result to previous lower bounds for one dimension in the interactive setting \cite{ZDJW13} and to our improved bounds for the simultaneous setting, we prove new lower bounds of $Ω(md/\log(m))$ and $Ω(md)$ for the bits of communication needed to achieve the minimax squared loss, in the interactive and simultaneous settings respectively. To complement, we also demonstrate an interactive protocol achieving the minimax squared loss with $O(md)$ bits of communication, which improves upon the simple simultaneous protocol by a logarithmic factor. Given the strong lower bounds in the general setting, we initiate the study of the distributed parameter estimation problems with structured parameters. Specifically, when the parameter is promised to be $s$-sparse, we show a simple thresholding based protocol that achieves the same squared loss while saving a $d/s$ factor of communication. We conjecture that the tradeoff between communication and squared loss demonstrated by this protocol is essentially optimal up to logarithmic factor.
HoneyDrone: A medium-interaction unmanned aerial vehicle honeypot (2018)

Over the last years, we have experienced an increased utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) not only in personal, but also commercial and public safety applications. Simultaneously, malicious activities have emerged too; from hijacking of UAVs (and their cargo), to the theft of private information stored in UAVs, attacks not only exist but seem to increase both in their numbers and their sophistication. In this paper, we propose HoneyDrone, the first honeypot that is specifically designed for the protection of UAVs. HoneyDrone emulates a number of UAV-specific and UAV-tailored protocols, making it possible to lure adversaries into attacking it. The honeypot is designed to run in portable low-cost devices, e.g., Raspberry Pis, which makes it possible to strategically deploy it in a variety of locations. Our system can assist in detecting active attackers in a certain area, as well as in shedding light into the adversaries' techniques for compromising UAVs. We evaluate HoneyDrone's performance and also examine a number of different realistic attack scenarios to show how the honeypot can cope with them.
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase from rat lung. Purification, characterization, tissue distribution, and comparison with carbonic anhydrase IVs of other mammals. (1992)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IV was purified to homogeneity from rat lung microsomal and plasma membranes. The single N-terminal amino acid sequence showed 55% similarity to that reported for human CA IV. A monospecific antibody to the 39-kDa rat enzyme that cross-reacts on Western blots with CA IVs from other mammalian species was produced in rabbits. Digestion of rat lung enzyme with endoglycosidase (peptide-N-glycosidase F) reduced the Mr to 36,000, suggesting that rat CA contains one N-linked oligosaccharide chain. All of eight additional mammalian CA IVs that were examined also contained oligosaccharide chains, as evidenced by reduction in Mr from 52,000 (cow, sheep, and rabbit), 42,000 (pig, guinea pig, and dog), and 39,000 (mouse and hamster) to 36,000 after treatment of the respective lung microsomal membranes with peptide-N-glycosidase F. The 36-kDa human enzyme showed no change in molecular mass with this treatment. Thus, the human CA IV is the exceptional one in lacking carbohydrate. Rat lung CA IV was found to be relatively resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate and to be anchored to membranes by a phosphatidylinositol-glycan linkage; both properties were found to be shared by other mammalian CA IVs. Western blot analysis indicated distribution of CA IV in rat tissues other than kidney and lung where it was previously known to be present. CA IV was particularly abundant in rat brain, muscle, heart, and liver, all locations where the CA IV enzyme was not known to be present previously. None was detected in rat skin or spleen.
CD70-Driven Costimulation Induces Survival or Fas-Mediated Apoptosis of T Cells Depending on Antigenic Load (2012)

Apoptosis plays an essential role in the removal of activated CD8 T cells that are no longer required during or postinfection. The Bim-dependent intrinsic pathway of apoptosis removes effector CD8 T cells upon clearance of viral infection, which is driven by withdrawal of growth factors. Binding of Fas ligand to Fas mediates activation-induced T cell death in vitro and cooperates with Bim to eliminate CD8 T cells during chronic infection in vivo, but it is less clear how this pathway of apoptosis is initiated. In this study, we show that the costimulatory TNFR CD27 provides a dual trigger that can enhance survival of CD8 T cells, but also removal of activated CD8 T cells through Fas-driven apoptosis. Using in vitro stimulation assays of murine T cells with cognate peptide, we show that CD27 increases T cell survival after stimulation with low doses of Ag, whereas CD27 induces Fas-driven T cell apoptosis after stimulation with high doses of Ag. In vivo, the impact of constitutive CD70-driven stimulation on the accumulation of memory and effector CD8 T cells is limited by Fas-driven apoptosis. Furthermore, introduction of CD70 signaling during acute infection with influenza virus induces Fas-dependent elimination of influenza-specific CD8 T cells. These findings suggest that CD27 suppresses its costimulatory effects on T cell survival through activation of Fas-driven T cell apoptosis to maintain T cell homeostasis during infection.
Neuroectodermal origin of brain pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (2001)

The origin of vascular pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in the brain has hitherto remained an open question. In the present study, we used the quail-chick chimerization technique to elucidate the lineage of cranial PCs/vSMCs. We transplanted complete halves of brain anlagen, or dorsal (presumptive neural crest [NC]) or ventral cranial neural tube. Additional experiments included transplantations of neuroectoderm into limb mesenchyme, and of head mesoderm or limb mesenchyme into paraxial head mesoderm. After interspecific transplantation of quail brain rudiment, graft-derived vSMCs were found in the vessel walls of the grafted brain. Notably, transplanted ventral neural tube also gave rise to vSMCs. After grafting of quail head mesoderm, quail endothelial cells were found in the host brain, but no vSMCs of donor origin. Grafting of quail whole or ventral neural tube into the limb bud led to endowment of graft and host vessels with graft-derived vSMCs. Quail limb bud mesenchyme contributed to vSMCs in the ectopic neural graft, but, when transplanted into paraxial head mesenchyme, it did not form intraneural vSMCs. After orthotopic transplantation of cranial NC, graft-derived vSMCs were not only found in meninges and brain of the operated side, but also on the contralateral side. Our results show that 1) avian cranial neuroectoderm is able to differentiate into vSMCs of the brain; 2) this potential is not restricted to the prospective NC; and 3) neither cranial mesoderm nor cranially transplanted limb bud mesoderm can give rise to brain vSMC.
Ultrastable Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals Coated with a Thick Long-Chain Polymer for Efficient White Light-Emitting Diodes (2019)

The unstable nature of perovskites has severely limited their practical applications. Here, we report on ultrastable CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) with a thick (∼25 nm) polymer coating prepared via an effective postsynthetic strategy. The thick poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) with long hydrophobic alkyl chains bounded with the surface ligands of perovskite NCs acts as a protection layer to effectively prevent perovskite degradation from the external environment. The photoluminescence (PL) for the thick PMAO-coated CsPbBr3 NCs maintains more than 90% of its initial emission intensity under continuous ultraviolet illumination of 144 h, whereas that of the pristine NCs is decreased to ∼6%. After exposure in air for 40 days, only a very little PL degradation appears for the thick polymer-coated NCs as compared to the dramatic decrease in the PL emission for the pristine NCs. Upon immersion into water for 24 h, the perovskite NCs maintain 60% of its initial PL intensity, whereas the PL emission for the pristine NCs is completely quenched within only a few minutes. Moreover, there is no any side effect on the luminescent properties of perovskite NCs by the transparent polymer coating and the PL quantum yields are obviously improved due to the surface defect passivation of NCs. The resulting thick PMAO-coated CsPbBr3 NCs are combined with a commercially available red-emitting phosphor on a blue InGaN chip to fabricate a high-performance warm white light-emitting diode with a high power efficiency of 56.6 lm/W.
The soluble interleukin‐6 receptor is generated by shedding (1993)

The ligand-binding subunit (gp80) of the human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) was transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. The metabolically labeled protein was shown to be quantitatively released from the membrane within 20 h. We identified the protein released from the transfected COS-7 cells after purification to homogeneity and N-terminal sequencing as a soluble form of the gp80/IL-6R. Shedding of the gp80 protein was strongly induced by 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, indicating that the process was regulated by protein kinase C (PKC). This was further corroborated by the finding that co-transfection of a PKC expression plasmid led to enhanced shedding of the gp80 protein. Since shedding of gp80 could not be prevented by treatment of the cells with inhibitors of all known classes of proteases, a novel protease seems to be involved. As a control, an unrelated membrane protein (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein) was transfected into COS-7 cells and analyzed for shedding. Since the turnover of this protein was not mediated by shedding, we conclude that the release of gp80 from COS-7 cells is a specific process. The shed gp80 protein specifically binds IL-6, and this complex shows biological activity on human hepatoma cells. Human peripheral blood monocytes released a soluble form of the gp80 protein into the culture medium upon PMA treatment indicating that PKC-regulated shedding is the physiological mechanism of generation of the soluble IL-6R.
Validation of a Model for the Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Sustiva through Computation of Resistance Profiles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTValidation of a Model for the Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Sustiva through Computation of Resistance ProfilesRobert C. Rizzo, De-Ping Wang, Julian Tirado-Rives, and William L. JorgensenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12898–12900Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2000Publication History Received21 August 2000Revised24 October 2000Published online6 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003113rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003113rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Genetics,Inhibitors,Noncovalent interactions,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Several Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutants associated with imatinib mesylate resistance remain sensitive to imatinib (2003)

Imatinib mesylate is a selective Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor, effective in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Most patients in chronic phase maintain durable responses; however, many in blast crisis fail to respond, or relapse quickly. Kinase domain mutations are the most commonly identified mechanism associated with relapse. Many of these mutations decrease the sensitivity of the Abl kinase to imatinib, thus accounting for resistance to imatinib. The role of other mutations in the emergence of resistance has not been established. Using biochemical and cellular assays, we analyzed the sensitivity of several mutants (Met244Val, Phe311Leu, Phe317Leu, Glu355Gly, Phe359Val, Val379Ile, Leu387Met, and His396Pro/Arg) to imatinib mesylate to better understand their role in mediating resistance. While some Abl mutations lead to imatinib resistance, many others are significantly, and some fully, inhibited. This study highlights the need for biochemical and biologic characterization, before a resistant phenotype can be ascribed to a mutant.
Analysis of the Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiotas as the Source of the Lung and Gastric Microbiotas in Healthy Individuals (2015)

We have demonstrated that the bacterial communities of the healthy lung overlapped those found in the mouth but were found at lower concentrations, with lower membership and a different community composition. The nasal microbiome, which was distinct from the oral microbiome, appeared to contribute little to the composition of the lung microbiome in healthy subjects. Our studies of the nasal, oral, lung, and stomach microbiomes within an individual illustrate the microbiological continuity of the aerodigestive tract in healthy adults and provide culture-independent microbiological support for the concept that microaspiration is common in healthy individuals.
Multithreaded query execution on multicore processors (2009)

Modern CPUs follow multicore designs with multiple threads running in parallel. The dataow of query engine algorithms needs to be adapted to exploit such designs. We identify memory accesses and thread synchronization as the main bottlenecks in a multicore execution environment. We present a uniform framework to mitigate the impact of these bottlenecks in multithreaded versions of the most frequently used query processing algorithms, namely sorting, partitioning, join evaluation, and aggregation. Through an analytical model, we extract the expected behavior and scalability of the proposed algorithms. We conduct an extensive experimental analysis of both the analytical model and the algorithms. Our results show that: (a) the analytical model adequately captures the performance of the algorithms, and (b) the algorithms themselves achieve considerable speedups compared to their single-threaded counterparts.