gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal lattice Boltzmann simulation for multispecies fluid equilibration (2000)

The equilibration rate for multispecies fluids is examined using thermal lattice Boltzmann simulations. Two-dimensional free-decay simulations are performed for effects of velocity shear layer turbulence on sharp temperature profiles. In particular, parameters are so chosen that the lighter species is turbulent while the heavier species is laminar-and so its vorticity layers would simply decay and diffuse in time. With species coupling, however, there is velocity equilibration followed by the final relaxation to one large co- and one large counter-rotating vortex. The temperature equilibration proceeds on a slower time scale and is in good agreement with the theoretical order of magnitude estimate of Morse [Phys. Fluids 6, 1420 (1963)].
Effect of Transaction Cost and Coordination Mechanisms on the Length of the Supply Chain (2005)

A drastic reduction in the cost of transmitting information has tremendously increased the °ow and availability of information. Greater availability of information increases the ¯rm's ability to manage its supply chain and, therefore, increases its operational performance. However, current literature is ambiguous about whether increased information °ows leads to either a reduction or increase in transaction cost, which enable supply chains to migrate towards more market-based transactions or hierarchal-based transactions. This research empirically demonstrates that the governance structure of the supply chains changes towards market-based transactions due to a lowering of transaction costs after 1987. Much of the results is based on the theory of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and the role of asset speci¯city, uncertainty, and frequency in determin- ing whether or not industries are moving towards markets or hierarchies. Unlike previous supply chain management literature that focuses on relatively short supply chains consisting of two or three supply chain members, Input-Output tables allow for analysis of supply chains with many more members. This paper uses the 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997 U.S. Benchmark Input-Output tables published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis to analyze supply chains. In so doing, this dissertation not only provides insight into how supply chain structures are changing but also o®ers a sample methodology for other researchers interested in using Input-Output analysis for further supply chain management research. The second part of the dissertation focuses on looking at the e®ect of di®erent coordination mechanisms on supply chain length and supply chain performance using simulation. Three di®erent heuristics that model ordering policies are used to simulate coordination mechanisms. E±ciency is measured on the basis of minimized total net stock for each heuristic used. The results are checked for robustness by using four di®erent demand distributions. The results indicate that if a supply chain has minimized its net stock, then the heuristic used by various echelons in the supply chain need not be harmonized. Also, disintermediation helps in improving the performance of the supply chain.
The impact of carbon materials on the hydrogen storage properties of light metal hydrides (2010)

The safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is still one of the remaining challenges towards fuel cell powered cars. Metal hydrides are a promising class of materials as they allow the storage of large amounts of hydrogen in a small volume at room temperature and low pressures. However, usually the kinetics of hydrogen release and uptake and the thermodynamic properties do not satisfy the requirements for practical applications. Therefore current research focuses on catalysis and the thermodynamic tailoring of metal hydride systems. Surprisingly, carbon materials used as additive or support are very effective to improve the hydrogen storage properties of metal hydrides allowing fast kinetics and even a change in the thermodynamic properties. Even though the underlying mechanisms are not always well understood, the beneficial effect is probably related to the peculiar structure of the carbon materials. This feature article gives an introduction to the different carbon materials, an overview of the preparation strategies to synthesize carbon/hydride nanocomposites, and highlights the beneficial effect of carbon by discussing two important hydrides: MgH2 and NaAlH4.
Evidence for Selective Mitochondrial Autophagy and Failure in Aging (2007)

Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation/recycling system ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. It contributes to the turnover of cellular components by delivering portions of the cytoplasm and organelles to lysosomes, where they are digested. Starvation-induced autophagy is required for maintaining an amino acid pool for gluconeogenesis and for the synthesis of proteins essential to survival under starvation conditions. In addition, autophagy plays an important role in the degradation of excess or injured organelles, including mitochondria. To test the hypothesis of an involvement of a decrease in autophagy in the process of aging, we explored the antiaging effects of pharmacological stimulation of autophagy on the age-dependent accumulation of 8-OHdG-rich mitochondria in rat liver. Male 3-month and 16-month-old 24 hours-fasted Sprague Dawley rats were injected with the antilipolytic agent [3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP)] intraperitoneally. Results showed that drug injection rescued older cells from the accumulation of 8-OHdG in the mtDNA in less than 6 hours, but no significant decrease in the level of cytochrome c oxidase activity was observed. Together, these data provide indirect evidence that 8-OHdG might accumulate in a small pool of mitochondria with increasing age rather than be degraded by the autophagic machinery selectively.
The Lactate-Proton Symport of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Is Encoded by <i>JEN1</i> (1999)

A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the lactate-proton symport was isolated. Transformation of the mutant with a yeast genomic library allowed the isolation of the gene JEN1 that restored lactate transport. Disruption of JEN1 abolished uptake of lactate. The results indicate that, under the experimental conditions tested, no other monocarboxylate permease is able to efficiently transport lactate in S. cerevisiae.
Human glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphisms: relationship to lung tissue enzyme activity and population frequency distribution (1998)

To whom correspondence should be addressed The association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as measured by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) conjugation and genotype at exon 5 and exon 6 of the human GSTP1 gene was investigated in normal lung tissue obtained from 34 surgical patients.These samples were genotyped for previously identified polymorphisms in exon 5 (Ile105Val) and exon 6 (Ala114Val) by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.GST enzyme activity was significantly lower among individuals with the 105 Val allele.Homozygous Ile/Ile samples (n ⍧ 18) had a mean cytosolic CDNB conjugating activity of 74.9 ⍨ 3.8 nmol/mg per min; heterozygotes (n ⍧ 13) had a mean specific activity of 62.1 Ϯ 4.2 nmol/mg per min and homozygous Val/Val (n ⍧ 3) had a mean specific activity of 52.5 ⍨ 4.5 nmol/ mg per min.The CDNB conjugating activity measured for the Ile/Ile genotype group was significantly different from that observed in the Ile/Val group (P ⍧ 0.03), and from Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes combined (P ⍧ 0.009).Mean GST activity values were consistently lower in individuals with genotypes containing the 105 valine allele, regardless of smoking exposure.Genotypes at codon 114 were also assessed but the mean GST activity was not significantly lower in individuals with the 114 valine allele.A new haplotype, present in two samples who were homozygous 105Ile and had a 114Val, was identified and proposed as GSTP1*D.Frequencies of the exon 5 and exon 6 polymorphisms were determined in samples obtained from European-Americans, African-Americans and Taiwanese.The differences observed were highly significant suggesting the possibility of GSTP1 genotype-associated, ethnic differences in cancer susceptibility and chemotherapeutic response.
The ghost in the machine (2007)

The performance of a parallel application on a scalable HPC system is determined by user-level execution of the application code and system-level (OS kernel) operations. To understand the influences of system-level factors on application performance, the measurement of OS kernel activities is key. We describe a technology to observe kernel actions and make this information available to application-level performance measurement tools. The benefits of merged application and OS performance information and its use in parallel performance analysis are demonstrated, both for profiling and tracing methodologies. In particular, we focus on the problem of kernel noise assessment as a stress test of the approach. We show new results for characterizing noise and introduce new techniques for evaluating noise interference and its effects on application execution. Our kernel measurement and noise analysis technologies are being developed as part of Linux OS environments for scalable parallel systems.
Silvicultural biomass farms, volume V: conversion processes and costs. (1977)

An assessment of the products and processes that appear to be the candidates for the conversion of wood biomass to energy forms suited to the national energy scene is presented. Identification was achieved by comparing market-oriented selling prices of competitive products projected for the future with estimations of production-oriented selling prices utilizing wood-biomass feedstocks needed to make the production attractive to the investor. The products assessed include: electricity from combustion of wood, wood and wood charcoal in combustion with oil or coal, ammonia, methanol, medium-Btu fuel gas, substitute natural gas, and ethanol. Conversion technologies are reviewed and data and information gaps for ultimate design of viable processes are identified as an input to the formulation of research and development needs.
Special purpose simulator development (2002)

Seven years of experience at developing special-purpose simulators using standard simulation languages is reviewed. These simulators were designed to be used by manufacturing engineers or managers with little or no simulation modeling experience. These simulators have used Lotus worksheets or model development programs to provide the system data to be simulated. The results are available by either screen displays during the simulation or via data files which can be converted to Lotus graphs or viewed using data analysis programs. The common strategies and procedures used to develop the special purpose simulators are outlined. The simulation language features used to develop the special purpose simulators are discussed, and input model data concerns are reviewed. The output options for the special purpose simulators are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elaboration of use case specifications (2008)

Use case description has gained a wide acceptance among the many techniques available for information systems requirements specification. However, piecing up all the details required for the production of a high quality use case can be a daunting task, especially for students and novice requirements professionals. This paper presents an approach aiming at reducing the time required for the elaboration of high quality use case specifications. The basis of the approach is to write a use case text using the composition of set of pre-defined fragments, where each fragment represents a recurring set of interactions required to achieve a sub-goal. Each fragment can then be customized to meet use case goals. Since each fragment is coded using the best practices for writing use case steps, both the fragment text and the final use case text will be well composed. We believe that this approach will allow novice requirements professional to write high quality use cases in less time than it would be necessary using the other approaches. Our experience on writing use cases for business information systems using a catalogue of use case fragments suggested that they can be a facilitator in several aspects, not only improving the writing speed, but also leading to standardization and concision of use case specifications.
Metoprolol in the Prophylaxis of Migraine: Parallel‐Groups Comparison withPlacebo and Dose‐Ranging Follow‐Up (1988)

SYNOPSIS 88 patients in need of prophylactic treatment for classical, common or mixed migraine of at least 2years' duration were admitted to a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of the beta1‐selective adrenoceptorblocker, metoprolol. All patients initially took placebo for 1 month, during which 29 were excludedprincipally because of failure to reattend or placebo‐response making active treatment unnecessary. Theremaining 59 patients were randomised to continued placebo or metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d. for 2 months.Patients after this time subjectively categorizing their responses as less than optimal changed,double‐blindly, from placebo to metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d., or from metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d. to 100 mg b.i.d., fora further follow‐up period of up to 3 months. Placebo response was 40% overall, and often occurred after the first month. In the first double‐blindcomparative period metoprolol reduced attack frequency significantly, and more than placebo. Severity ofattacks still occurring was not altered by either treatment. Other measures of illness were alteredconsistently with these principal findings. Consistent improvements also were seen in patients switchingfrom initial placebo therapy to metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d. for the further follow‐up period, and those changingto the higher dose of metoprolol showed statistically significant further improvements, and clinicallyimportant improvements overall. Side‐effects were minor and reversible. This study gives supportive evidence of the value of metoprolol in preventing migraine attacks andsuggests that individual dosage titration can substantially enhance its efficacy. Side‐effects do notsignificantly impede its use and other evidence suggests that beta1‐selective blockers are to be preferredover non‐selective in migraine therapy.
<title>Transient stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression for photoconductive switch activation</title> (1995)

An optical pulse-shaping system will be implemented on the OMEGA laser that is capable of producing complex optical pulse shapes. The pulse-shaping system relies on photoconductive switches that are activated with a pulse compressed by the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process. The SBS activation pulse provides overall system bandwidth and eliminates laser prepulse noise. The SBS process is modeled in detail to understand the performance and limitations of the OMEGA pulse-shaping system. Experimental results and numerical simulations are presented in the SBS pulse-steepening and pulse-compression regimes. Good qualitative agreement is obtained between theory and experiments.
Depletion of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Protects against Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis (2009)

Cancer progression and metastasis involves interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). We reported that mice deficient for cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)-KO) are protected against the development of lung tumors. The goal of this study was to examine the role of cPLA(2) in the TME. Mouse lung cancer cells (CMT167 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells) injected directly into lungs of syngeneic mice formed a primary tumor, and then metastasized to other lobes of the lung and to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Identical cells injected into cPLA(2)-KO mice showed a dramatic decrease in the numbers of secondary metastatic tumors. This was associated with decreased macrophage staining surrounding the tumor. Wild-type mice transplanted with cPLA(2)-KO bone marrow had a marked survival advantage after inoculation with tumor cells compared with mice receiving wild-type (WT) bone marrow. In vitro, coculturing CMT167 cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages from WT mice increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by cancer cells. This increase was blocked in cocultures using cPLA(2)-KO macrophages. Correspondingly, IL-6 staining was decreased in tumors grown in cPLA(2)-KO mice. These data suggest that stromal cPLA(2) plays a critical role in tumor progression by altering tumor-macrophage interactions and cytokine production.
MAGNETIC TAPE SIMPLIFIERS HANDLING OF NUCLEAR DATA (1958)

Information is presented on methods and uses of magnetic-tape recording for handling nuclear data. Discussions are included on types of recording such as direct, frequency modulation, pulse-duration modulation, and digital. This information-storage medium is appropriate for the following purposes: to record data for which other media do not have necessary frequency response or date- handling capacity; to speed up or slow down information transfer; to log large volumes of data in short times; to record data that must be recreated in live form; and to store information that must be available for immediate playback or erased, modified or updated. (J.H.M.)
A Study on Historic Main Street Preservation (2010)

歴史的特性を生かした町並みの貴重性が高まっており、全国各地で町並みの保全継承のための取組みが進められているが、現実的には様々な要因で町並みが喪失している。静岡県掛川市横須賀地区では、横須賀町道に沿って歴史的な町並みが保全継承されている。この要因を探ると、地区住民の神様に対する絶大な崇敬心があり、これにより継承されている三熊野神社等の祭礼が大きな影響を与えている。また、近年は、この町並みを生かして様々なまちづくりの活動が展開されており、これらも注目すべき点である。本論では、横須賀町道の町並みと祭礼との関係を明らかにするとともに、保全継承されてきた要因と町並みを生かしたまちづくり活動の展開について整理し、近年抱える課題への対応策を考察する。
Analysis of Casting Roll during Twin-Roll Thin Strip Casting (2010)

In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature of a casting roll affects the roll, thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape and the service life of the casting roll. In this paper, the features of the clad materials of the casting roll have been analysed, the effect of the clad thickness on the temperature field and thermal stress of casting roll has been simulated and discussed. The results show that the thick clad results in the increase of thermal resistance and then causes higher surface temperature of the clad layer, but lower temperature of copper roll sleeve. The heat expansion of the clad layer increases when the clad thickness decreases. The developed temperature model of the casting roll is helpful in optimising the design of the casting roll twin-roll strip casting.
Selective antimicrobial action of chitosan against spoilage yeasts in mixed culture fermentations (2004)

The effect of chitosan on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (the yeast that carries out alcohol fermentation), Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Brettanomyces intermedius (contaminants of alcohol fermentations), was investigated. The effect of chitosan was tested on each yeast, as well as on mixed cultivations of S. cerevisiae + B. bruxellensis and S. cerevisiae + B. intermedius. Chitosan enhanced the lag period of both strains of Brettanomyces (80 h for B. bruxellensis and 170 h for B. intermedius with 6 and 2 g/l chitosan, respectively). The growth rate of S. cerevisiae was inversely proportional to the chitosan concentration; the former was 50% when 6 g/l polysaccharide was used. Moreover, in mixed cultivations of S. cerevisiae and Brettanomyces strains, it was found that both B. bruxellensis and B. intermedius failed to grow while growth of S. cerevisiae was not affected (using 3 and 6 g/l chitosan, respectively). An interesting collateral result was that the presence of chitosan accelerated the consumption of glucose in the mixed cultivations (60 h instead of 120 h).
Magnetic characteristics of superconducting RBa2Cu3O6+y (R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) (1987)

Magnetic properties of superconducting RBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+y compounds ( R = Nd , Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) have been studied by using a SQUID magnetometer in the temperature range of 3 – 400 K. The susceptibility data of most of the samples can be well described by the Curie-Weiss relation. The rare earth ions exhibit essentially the full magnetic moments expected for the R 3+ states, while the superconducting transition temperature remains in the 88 – 94 K range. The rare earth moments are generally found to interact antiferromagnetically. However, no magnetic order is observed in the temperature range studied. The Eu samples exhibited anomalous susceptibilities which we ascribe to the low-lying states of the 7 F J manifold of Eu 3+ .
CspD, a novel DNA replication inhibitor induced during the stationary phase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

CspD is a stationary phase-induced, stress response protein in the CspA family of Escherichia coli. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of CspD is lethal, with the cells displaying a morphology typical of cells with impaired DNA replication. CspD consists mainly of beta-strands, and the purified protein exists exclusively as a dimer and binds to single-stranded (ss)DNA and RNA in a dose-dependent manner without apparent sequence specificity. CsdD effectively inhibits both the initiation and the elongation steps of minichromosome replication in vitro. Electron microscopic studies revealed that CspD tightly packs ssDNA, resulting in structures distinctly different from those of SSB-coated DNA. We propose that CspD dimers, with two independent beta-sheets interacting with ssDNA, function as a novel inhibitor of DNA replication and play a regulatory role in chromosomal replication in nutrient-depleted cells.
Heterogeneous Shallow-Shelf Carbonate Buildups in the Paradox Basin, Utah and Colorado: Targets for Increased Oil Production and Reserves Using Horizontal Drilling Techniques (2001)

The project's primary objective was to enhance domestic petroleum production by demonstration and transfer of horizontal drilling technology in the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. If this project can demonstrate technical and economic feasibility, then the technique can be applied to approximately 100 additional small fields in the Paradox Basin alone, and result in increased recovery of 25 to 50 million barrels (4-8 million m3) of oil. This project was designed to characterize several shallow-shelf carbonate reservoirs in the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Paradox Formation, choose the best candidate(s) for a pilot demonstration project to drill horizontally from existing vertical wells, monitor well performance(s), and report associated validation activities.
Dental surgery with minimal factor support in the inherited bleeding disorder population at the Alfred Hospital (2010)

In oral surgery, patients with inherited bleeding disorders have historically had factor cover where possible. Factor support is expensive, time consuming to administer and places the patient at a potential risk of complications of therapy. A protocol employing rigorous local measures and minimal factor replacement was used to obtain haemostasis following simple and complex oral surgery on 50 consecutive patients with inherited bleeding disorders, referred to the Alfred Health Dental Unit from the Ronald Sawers Haemophilia Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne. Excellent haemostasis was achieved using standardized local measures of 5% tranexamic acid solution, surgicel and monocryl sutures. Oral surgery may be considered safe to perform in patients with inherited bleeding disorders using minimal factor support and meticulous local haemostatic measures.