gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up-Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR-α) and PPAR-γ Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Liver in Murine Obesity: Troglitazone Induces Expression of PPAR-γ-Responsive Adipose Tissue-Specific Genes in the Liver of Obese Diabetic Mice**This work was supported by grants from the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs (to C.G. and K.R.F.), NIH Grant DK-49448 (to C.G.), and Merck Research Laboratories (to L.H.T. and K.N.). (2000)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in lipid utilization and storage, lipoprotein metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and insulin action. The three isoforms of the PPAR family, i.e. alpha, delta, and gamma, have distinct tissue distribution patterns. PPAR-alpha is predominantly present in the liver, and PPAR-gamma in adipose tissue, whereas PPAR-delta is ubiquitously expressed. A recent study reported increased PPAR-gamma messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the liver in ob/ob mice; however, it is not known whether increased PPAR-gamma expression in the liver has any functional consequences. The expression of PPAR-alpha and -delta in the liver in obesity has not been determined. We have now examined the mRNA levels of PPAR-alpha, -delta, and -gamma in three murine models of obesity, namely, ob/ob (leptin-deficient), db/db (leptin-receptor deficient), and serotonin 5-HT2c receptor (5-HT2cR) mutant mice. 5-HT2cR mutant mice develop a late-onset obesity that is associated with higher plasma leptin levels. Our results show that PPAR-alpha mRNA levels in the liver are increased by 2- to 3-fold in all three obese models, whereas hepatic PPAR-gamma mRNA levels are increased by 7- to 9-fold in ob/ob and db/db mice and by 2-fold in obese 5-HT2cR mutant mice. PPAR-delta mRNA expression is not altered in ob/ob or db/db mice. To determine whether increased PPAR-gamma expression in the liver has any functional consequences, we examined the effect of troglitazone treatment on the hepatic mRNA levels of several PPAR-gamma-responsive adipose tissue-specific genes that have either no detectable or very low basal expression in the liver. The treatment of lean control mice with troglitazone significantly increased the expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) in the liver. This troglitazone-induced increase in the expression of aP2 and FAT/CD36 was markedly enhanced in the liver in ob/ob mice. Troglitazone also induced a pronounced increase in the expression of uncoupling protein-2 in the liver in ob/ob mice. In contrast to the liver, troglitazone did not increase the expression of aP2, FAT/CD36, and uncoupling protein-2 in adipose tissue in lean or ob/ob mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the effects of PPAR-gamma activators on lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in obesity and type 2 diabetes may be partly mediated through their effects on PPAR-gamma in the liver.
Store layout optimization using indoor positioning system (2017)

Indoor positioning systems have attracted considerable attention from practitioners and firms seeking to optimize the consumer shopping experience with the goal of attaining increased revenue and profitability. Acknowledging the importance of indoor positioning systems in store layout optimization, we conducted a field experiment for 11 months in order to develop algorithms for connecting indoor positioning data with customer transaction data. Using fingerprinting as a primary data collection technique, we compared positioning and transaction data before and after critical store layout optimization decisions in order to identify which customer movement patterns generated the highest sales. In contrast to previous works on indoor positioning systems, which focused solely on developing algorithms or techniques to increase accuracy rates, our algorithms in principle integrate computing and marketing perspectives. Our findings can be applied to store layout optimization and personalized marketing.
Differential Effects of Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin on Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in Conditions Simulating Those of the Urinary Bladder (1970)

Journal Article Differential Effects of Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin on Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in Conditions Simulating Those of the Urinary Bladder Get access D. Greenwood, D. Greenwood From the Department of Bacteriology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. O'Grady F. O'Grady From the Department of Bacteriology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 122, Issue 6, December 1970, Pages 465–471, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/122.6.465 Published: 01 December 1970 Article history Received: 11 September 1969 Revision received: 17 August 1970 Published: 01 December 1970
<i>M</i> -sequences for OFDM peak-to-average powerratio reduction and error correction (1997)

Li and Ritcey ~see ibid., vol.33, p.554-5, 1997 noted that the time domain OFDM samples are given by expressions evaluated at discrete values. However, it is demonstrated that their assumption, that the maximum value over these discrete values is equal to the maximum value of a continuous function over a continuous interval, does not follow.
A comparative study on the transport of <scp>L</scp>(‐)malic acid and other short‐chain carboxylic acids in the yeast <i>Candida utilis</i>: Evidence for a general organic acid permease (1993)

Cells of the yeast Candida utilis grown in medium with short-chain mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids transported L(-)malic acid by two transport systems at pH 3.0. Results indicate that probably a proton symport for the ionized form of the acid and a facilitated diffusion for the undissociated form were present. Dicarboxylic acids such as succinic, fumaric, oxaloacetic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids were competitive inhibitors of the malic acid for the high-affinity system, suggesting that these acids used the same transport system. In turn, competitive inhibition uptake studies of labelled carboxylic acid in the low-affinity range indicated that this system was non-specific and able to accept not only carboxylic (mono-, di- or tri-) acids but also some amino acids. Additionally, under the same growth conditions, C. utilis produced two mediated transport systems for lactic acid: a proton symport for the anionic form which appeared to be a common monocarboxylate carrier and a facilitated diffusion system for the undissociated acid displaying a substrate specificity similar to that observed for the low-affinity dicarboxylic acid transport. The mediated carboxylic acid transport systems were inducible and subjected to repression by glucose. In glucose-grown cells the undissociated dicarboxylic acids entered the cells slowly by simple diffusion. Repressed glucose-grown cells were only able to produce both transport systems if an inducer, at low concentration (0.5%, w/v), was present during starvation in buffer. This process was inhibited by the presence of cycloheximide indicating that induction requires de novo protein synthesis. If a higher acid concentration was used, only the low-affinity transport system was detectable, showing that the high-affinity system was also repressed by high concentrations of the inducer.
ARSYS -- Article Recommender System (2012)

In a world flooded by information, a filtering mechanism is compulsory. Recommender systems have taken a huge leap towards this goal, significantly improving the user experience in the online environment. There are two main approaches, content-based and collaborative filtering, both with advantages and drawbacks. We propose an article recommender system that integrates content based, collaborative and metadata recommendations, allowing users to select the method that best suits their needs. The first approach uses keywords in order to find similar articles, given a query or an entire document. Collaborative filtering is implemented using a P2P network in which data is distributed evenly across all peers. The last technique uses data from a semantic repository containing information about articles (e.g. title, author, domain), which can be interrogated using natural language-like queries. In addition, we present in detail the results obtained from employing the P2P network in terms of providing timely responses to the collaborative filtering technique and of ensuring reliability through data replication.
A Unified Framework for Reservoir Computing and Extreme Learning Machines based on a Single Time-delayed Neuron (2015)

In this paper we present a unified framework for extreme learning machines and reservoir computing (echo state networks), which can be physically implemented using a single nonlinear neuron subject to delayed feedback. The reservoir is built within the delay-line, employing a number of "virtual" neurons. These virtual neurons receive random projections from the input layer containing the information to be processed. One key advantage of this approach is that it can be implemented efficiently in hardware. We show that the reservoir computing implementation, in this case optoelectronic, is also capable to realize extreme learning machines, demonstrating the unified framework for both schemes in software as well as in hardware.
A DDoS-Aware IDS Model Based on Danger Theory and Mobile Agents (2009)

Most of the security problems in large and distributed information systems are vastly complex. Few research on detection of burgeoning Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, leads us to expand our perspectives to a comprehensive architectural approach in which particular issues like arrangement and communication of system components appear. In this paper, many useful ideas from the behaviour of biological immune systems are elicited based on the results of the latest immunological researches, especially Danger Theory. They are applied to create a model for immunization of distributed intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that are resistant to DDoS. Although a general model for various IDSs is proposed and implemented in this research, a particular simulation scenario for detecting DDoS in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is planned as an example to assess the general ability of the proposed model in detecting undesirable events.
VTDM-a dynamic multicast routing algorithm (2002)

In this paper, the dynamic multicast routing problem is studied. The multicast routing problem has been shown to be NP-complete. Many heuristics have been proposed to find the multicast trees for multicast connections. In computer networks, application services may allow nodes to join or leave the multicast connection dynamically. The multicast routing problem in which nodes are allowed to join or leave the multicast connection is called the dynamic multicast routing problem. A new dynamic multicast routing algorithm called virtual trunk dynamic multicast (VTDM) routing algorithm is proposed for this problem. A virtual trunk (VT) is a tree of the underlying graph. It is used as a template for constructing multicast trees. The VTDM routing algorithm constructs multicast trees based on the virtual trunk. Simulations are performed to study the performance of the VTDM routing algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the VTDM algorithm is close to that of the KMB algorithm (a near optimal heuristic for the static multicast routing problem).
Robust adaptive fuzzy control for wing rock systems (2004)

In this study, a robust adaptive fuzzy control (RAFC) system is proposed. The RAFC system is comprised of a computation controller and a robust controller. The computation controller containing a neural-network-estimator is the principal controller and the robust controller is designed to achieve H/sup /spl infin// tracking performance. An on-line tuning method is derived to tune the parameters of the neural network for estimating the controlled system dynamic function. To investigate the effectiveness of the RAFC, the design methodology is applied to control a wing rock system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RAFC system can achieve favorable tracking performances for the wing rock system.
New cd4( +) cell line susceptible to infection by hiv‐1 (1989)

Infection of a newly described human T lymphoid cell line, CEM-CL10, with three different variants of HIV-1 resulted in cytopathic effects followed by cell lysis. Following primary lytic infection, proviral DNA could not be detected by Southern blot analysis in the outgrowth of the surviving CEM-CL 10 cells 60 days after initial exposure to HIV-1. These surviving cells could be further grown as a separate line, derived from CEM-CL10, and were found to be resistant to subsequent infection by HIV-1. A marked decrease in CD4 antigen expression was observed in these latter cells but not of the CD3 and transferrin receptor antigens. This decline in cell surface CD4 expression was correlated with both an absence of specific CD4 mRNA and with changes in structure of the CD4 gene. Both the HIV-1-sensitive CEM-CL10 cell line and its CD4(-), HIV-1-resistant derivative line, will be made available to interested investigators.
Trap-limited interstitial diffusion and enhanced boron clustering in silicon (1995)

Boron doped superlattices have been used to detect the diffusion of self-interstitials in Si. Interstitials were generated in the near-surface region by 40 keV Si implantation followed by diffusion at 670–790 °C. The interstitial diffusion profile at 670 °C is stationary for t≤1 h, demonstrating that the penetration depth of interstitials is limited by trapping. The concentration of traps is estimated to be ∼1017/cm3. For sufficiently long annealing times, interstitials diffuse beyond the trapping length with an effective trap-limited diffusivity ranging from ∼6×10−15 cm2/s at 670 °C to ∼1×10−12 cm2/s at 790 °C. The high interstitial supersaturation adjacent to the implant damage drives substitutional B into metastable clusters at concentrations below the B solid solubility limit.
Surface Modification of Polymers with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a General Pretreatment for Controlled Wettability (2007)

Various polymer surfaces were analyzed for reactivity toward 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Results indicate that the method described here is useful as a general surface-selective modification technique for polar polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, cellulosics, polyacrylics, etc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed an average of 10% silicon and nitrogen atomic concentrations at 75° takeoff for all successfully modified surfaces. The APTES multilayers were subsequently hydrophobized with perfluorinated chlorosilanes giving 40% fluorine atomic concentration by XPS and 120°/90° (advancing/receding) dynamic contact angle averages. APTES modifications were successful in all solvents with the exception of protic solvents. On the basis of these and other observations, a new model for the reaction pathway is proposed. We propose the reaction proceeds by initial APTES adsorption (likely through hydrogen bonding by the amine) to the substrate, lateral bond formation, and subsequent multilayer formation. The model is thus analogous to silane multilayer formation on silica.
Quantization of Discrete Probability Distributions (2010)

We study the problem of quantization of discrete probability distributions, arising in universal coding, as well as other applications. We show, that in many situations this problem can be reduced to the covering problem for the unit simplex. This setting yields precise asymptotic characterization in the high-rate regime. We also describe a simple and asymptotically optimal algorithm for solving this problem. Performance of this algorithm is studied and compared with several known solutions.
Prevalence Of Hypertension Amongst The Employees Of A Mega Industry Of South Gujarat (2002)

Research question : What is the prevalence of hypertension in the employees of a mega industry? Objective : To find out the prevalence of hypertension and the impact of various risk factors on it and suggest the remedial measures. Study design: Population based cross â€“ sectional study during 1994-95. Settings: A mega industry located in South Gujarat. Participants: 1300 employees of the industry. Results : Coverage rate of study population was only 76%. The prevalence of hypertension was high (24%). Hypertension was more in general shift workers and in certain sections (transport, finance and accounts, fire brigade, security etc). Prevalence was also high in persons who were overweight consuming alcohol and / or tobacco. Treatment compliance amongst 204 â€œawareâ€ patients was only 17%.
The Effect of Failure Prognosis and Mitigation on the Reliability of Permanent-Magnet AC Motor Drives (2012)

Fault diagnosis and its extensions to failure prognosis aim to develop methods that decrease outages and thus increase reliability. Among these methods are redundancies and changes of topology, power levels, and control algorithms. Since diagnosis methods are imperfect, false positives and negatives, as well as delayed fault diagnosis, may occur. Although the diagnosis of a fault can lead to appropriate maintenance, the estimation of the time to failure through prognosis can lead to the timely mitigation of the fault and, in turn, can extend the lifetime and reliability of the drive. In this paper, we present a new approach to the mitigation of permanent-magnet ac motors that uses a failure prognosis method to predict failures and the remaining useful life and uses the output of the prognosis algorithm to decide when to modify the system and mitigate the fault. A methodology to calculate the mean time between failures with and without mitigation is also presented. The proposed approach is illustrated through a simple example of how the prognosis of failure due to a developing intermittent open circuit in one of the phases increases the drive reliability.
Production and characterization of a phage-display recombinant antibody against carrageenans: evidence for the recognition of a secondary structure of carrageenan chains present in red algae tissues (2005)

We report the isolation, for the first time by phage display, of a scFv recombinant antibody called B3 directed against carrageenans, the major sulphated polysaccharides of red seaweeds. Immunoassays were used to characterize the binding of B3 antibodies toward the three main carrageenan forms (iota, kappa, and lambda) differing by their sulfonic ester content and the presence of 3,6-anhydrogalactose. In enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), B3 soluble scFv showed a high reactivity towards iota-carrageenan at any titer but, at high titer only, recognized also the highly sulfated lambda-form. Surface-adsorbed kappa-polymers were only recognized in presence of poly-L-lysine (PLL). The replacement of Na+ ions by K+ in the buffers had no effect on kappa-polymer detection but increased the binding of B3 antibodies toward both iota- and lambda-carrageenans, whereas addition of Ca2+ decreased sharply the recognition of the iota-form. In competitive assays, low titer B3 soluble scFv showed a iota>kappa>lambda selectivity and recognized a mixture of iota-oligomers with degrees of polymerization between 4 and 18 but not sub-fractions of 4 or 6 residues long. We suggest therefore that the B3 epitope could consist of a helical conformation of carrageenan chains. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that, amongst other red algae, Chondrus gametophyte (containing iota-chains) was strongly recognized by B3 scFv whereas sporophytic tissues rich in lambda-carrageenans were not, assessing the preference of this probe for iota-carrageenans in situ. The high potential of the B3 recombinant probe is discussed.
Effects of Er: YAG laser irradiation on human extracted teeth. (1989)

The ablation effects of the Erbium:YAG laser (wave length: 2.94 microns) on the human extracted teeth were examined histopathologically. The enamel surface of the human extracted tooth was irradiated by the laser at 500 mJ, 1 pps or 3 pps: 3, 15, 30, 50 and 100 shots. After observation under a dissecting microscope, the teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution of 0.1 M lactate buffer with 6% hydroxyethyl cellulose (pH 4.5) in order to evaluate the acid resistance of the enamel adjacent to the ablated area. After 4 days, the degree of demineralization of the surrounding enamel was assessed by contact microradiography. The result showed that every irradiated tooth had a clear-cut defect, and almost all the teeth had acquired acid resistance at the enamel surrounding the ablated portion. The other experiment was carried out to estimate the effects of the Er:YAG laser through a contact probe. The enamel, dentin and cementum of the extracted teeth were irradiated at 39 mJ or 74 mJ, 10 pps; 10 shots. The teeth were observed under a dissecting microscope. The result clearly indicated that the Er:YAG laser guided by the contact probe could also produce a defect in the dental hard tissue. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the Er:YAG laser could pave the way for the cavity preparation with acid-resistant cavity margin.
A serial concatenation approach to iterative demodulation and decoding (1999)

Iterative demodulation and decoding of convolutionally encoded data is treated as a special case of the previously proposed serial concatenation of interleaved codes. It is shown that by exploiting the recursive nature of the differential modulation schemes (for example, DBPSK, DQPSK, CPM, etc.), large interleaving gains can be achieved similar to serial concatenation schemes. We also show that when memoryless modulation is used, precoding can be used to create a rate-1 recursive inner code in order to obtain interleaving gains without adding redundancy from the inner code.
Plastic Deformation and Work‐Hardening in NaCl (1964)

Abstract Single crystals of NaCl were compressed at room temperature. The stress‐strain curve shows three well‐defined stages similar to those found for fcc. metals. The dislocation density, bulk density, and deformation characteristics were studied as functions of stress and strain. The recovery of the dislocation density and bulk density were compared with the recovery behaviour of flow stress and microhardness. During easy glide, slip occurs on a single system and hardening is interpreted in terms of the long‐range stress between dislocations. In stage II, slip occurs on additional systems and it is suggested that the hardening is controlled by the forced intersection of dislocations on oblique systems through dislocation debris, in the form of dislocation dipoles, on the primary system.
Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Automatic Transmission Fluids (1966)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An outline of the field testing of automatic transmission fluids in two New York City taxicab fleets over a three-year period is presented. The field testing of six fluids in each fleet was found to be a suitable method for evaluating their relative quality. Some fluids performed satisfactorily for 11,000 miles while others were in service for over 90,000 miles. With extended fluid drain intervals, the major cause of transmission malfunction was fluid oxidation. No significant relationship was found between the field test results and motor driven transmission and beaker bench oxidation tests. A fairly good correlation was established with engine driven cyclic transmission tests. The theory and modes of transmission malfunction are also discussed.</div>