gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Portable Co-Verification System Which Generates Testbench Automatically (2007)

Verification is the most time consuming process in an LSI development. The SoC and other complex embedded systems consist of hardware and software. Because of the strong demand of shorting 'the time to market,' it becomes important to verify the software on the under the development hardware. We call this verification process as 'Co-Verification.' One of the hardware verification technique is an emulation which implements equivalent under the test logic circuit with FPGA. We can speed up the logic behavior of Co-Verification with emulation technique. We call this 'Co-Emulation.' In contrast to Co-Emulation, we call 'Co-Simulation' when all verification is carried out with software. We developed a Co-Verification system which supports Co-Emulation and/or Co-Simulation. Our system only requires an FPGA board with PCI interface and a Linux running PC. We use C++ and SCE-MI(Standard Co-Emulation Modeling Interface) API for the testbench language which are open standards for verification. Our system inspects the DUT (design under the test), and automatically generates the testbench skelton and associated hardware that includes the PCI interface and the SCE-MI transactors. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of our Co-Verification systems.
Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Endoderm Reveals a Site-Specific Survival, Growth, and Differentiation (2012)

Development of β-cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could compensate for the shortage of islet donors required for diabetes therapy. Although pancreatic progenitors have been derived from hESCs using various protocols, no fully functional b-cells could be generated in vitro. We evaluated the in vivo growth and differentiation of PDX1+ pancreatic endoderm cells obtained from hESCs. Here we show site-specific survival and differentiation when comparing cells grafted in the epididymal fat pad or the subcutaneous space of NOD/SCID mice after 12 weeks follow-up. Subcutaneous grafts persisted and expressed PDX1 at all time points analyzed, showed PDX1 and NKX6.1 coexpression after 6 weeks, and contained NGN3+ cells after 12 weeks.These findings suggest that further specification along the pancreatic lineage occured at the subcutaneous site.In sharp contrast, in the fat pad grafts only a minority of PDX1+ cells remained after 2 weeks, and no further pancreatic differentiation was observed later on. In addition, contaminating mesenchymal cells present in the implants further developed into cartilage tissue after 6 weeks implantation in the fat pad, but not in the subcutaneous space. These findings indicate that the in vivo microenvironment plays a critical role in the further differentiation of transplanted pancreatic endoderm cells.
Irregular-Grid-Overlapped Block Motion Compensation and its Practical Application (2009)

In this letter, we present a hybrid motion compensation scheme integrating overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC) and control grid interpolation (CGI), called irregular grid-based OBMC (IG-OBMC). The objective of this letter is to develop both subjectively and objectively improved motion compensation scheme by combining distinct advantages of OBMC and CGI without additional motion vectors or a complicated motion estimation processing. To evaluate the performance, IG-OBMC is applied to error concealment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid motion compensation method achieves a better performance than the conventional motion compensation methods.
Quantifying Skype user satisfaction (2006)

The success of Skype has inspired a generation of peer-to-peer-based solutions for satisfactory real-time multimedia services over the Internet. However, fundamental questions, such as whether VoIP services like Skype are good enough in terms of user satisfaction,have not been formally addressed. One of the major challenges lies in the lack of an easily accessible and objective index to quantify the degree of user satisfaction .In this work, we propose a model, geared to Skype, but generalizable to other VoIP services, to quantify VoIP user satisfaction based on a rigorous analysis of the call duration from actual Skype traces. The User Satisfaction Index (USI) derived from the model is unique in that 1) it is composed by objective source-and network-level metrics, such as the bit rate, bit rate jitter, and round-trip time, 2) unlike speech quality measures based on voice signals, such as the PESQ model standardized by ITU-T, the metrics are easily accessible and computable for real-time adaptation, and 3) the model development only requires network measurements, i.e., no user surveys or voice signals are necessary. Our model is validated by an independent set of metrics that quantifies the degree of user interaction from the actual traces.
Effect of adrenal blocking chemicals on viral and respiratory infections of chickens. (1989)

In a series of experiments chickens were treated with chemicals which block the production of corticosterone by the adrenal cortex prior to being challenged with respiratory disease (and other) agents in order to determine if the course of the diseases could be altered. Some chickens received a single intramuscular injection (14 mg/kg) of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis/p-chlorophenyl/ethane (ABC) dissolved in corn oil (20 mg/mL) at least 12 h before challenge. Other chickens received feed containing 500 mg/kg of metyrapone for at least 12 h before and during the challenge infection. Treated chickens were more resistant than the untreated controls to Newcastle disease virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, combined M. gallisepticum-Newcastle disease virus infection, and avian adenovirus group II infection. The feeding of erythromycin (1 g/kg of feed), one day before and during the challenge, reduced the severity of M. gallisepticum infection. The effects of feeding both metyrapone and erythromycin resulted in a further increase in resistance. Chickens which had been treated with ABC had less severe lesions and greater postchallenge weight gain than the controls in response to a secondary Escherichia coli infection.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evolving paradigms (2017)

In the last years new evidence has accumulated on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) challenging the paradigms that had been holding the scene over the previous 30 years. NAFLD has such an epidemic prevalence as to make it impossible to screen general population looking for NAFLD cases. Conversely, focusing on those cohorts of individuals exposed to the highest risk of NAFLD could be a more rational approach. NAFLD, which can be diagnosed with either non-invasive strategies or through liver biopsy, is a pathogenically complex and clinically heterogeneous disease. The existence of metabolic as opposed to genetic-associated disease, notably including "lean NAFLD" has recently been recognized. Moreover, NAFLD is a systemic condition, featuring metabolic, cardiovascular and (hepatic/extra-hepatic) cancer risk. Among the clinico-laboratory features of NAFLD we discuss hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, gallstones, psoriasis and selected endocrine derangements. NAFLD is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome and progressive liver disease develops in T2D patients in whom the course of disease is worsened by NAFLD. Finally, lifestyle changes and drug treatment options to be implemented in the individual patient are also critically discussed. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the new concepts on clinical and pathogenic heterogeneity of NAFLD, a systemic disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis and protean clinical manifestations. It is highly prevalent in certain cohorts of individuals who are thus potentially amenable to selective screening strategies, intensive follow-up schedules for early identification of liver-related and extrahepatic complications and in whom earlier and more aggressive treatment schedules should be carried out whenever possible.
Distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in human colostrum. (1982)

Lymphocytes were isolated from human colostrum and peripheral blood collected within 7 days postpartum. A 20-fold enrichment of lymphocytes from colostrum was achieved by centrifugal elutriation followed by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was determined by immunofluorescence analysis of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. In confirmation of previous reports employing sheep erythrocyte rosette assays, the majority of colostral lymphocytes reacted with OKT3 monoclonal antibody, a reagent that detects a surface antigen on mature T cells. Neither colostral nor blood lymphocytes from postpartum donors expressed the OKT6 antigen that is found in immature thymocytes. A novel finding is that the T lymphocyte population in colostrum contains both OKT4 (helper/inducer phenotype) and OKT8- (cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype) positive subsets. The relative ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive T cell subsets in colostrum, however, is generally lower than that observed for peripheral blood T cells.
Gerotor Lubricating Oil Pump for IC Engines (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper documents an extensive study aimed at a better understanding of the peculiarities and performance of crankshaft mounted gerotor pumps for IC engines lubrication. At different extents, the modelling, simulation and testing of a specific unit are all considered. More emphasis, at the modelling phase, is dedicated to the physical and mathematical description of the flow losses mechanisms; the often intricate aspects of kinematics being deliberately left aside. The pressure relief valve is analysed at a considerable extent as is the modelling of the working fluid, a typically aerated subsystem in such applications. Simulation is grounded on AMESim, a relatively novel tool in the fluid power domain, that proves effective and compliant with user deeds and objectives. Testing, at steady-state conditions, forms the basis for the pro!gressive tuning of the simulation model and provides significant insight into this type of volumetric pump.</div>
Crowdsensing Under (Soft) Control (2015)

Crowdsensing leverages the pervasiveness and power of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to enable ordinary citizens to collect, transport and verify data. Application domains range from environment monitoring, to infrastructure management and social computing. Crowdsensing services' effectiveness is a direct result of their coverage, which is driven by the recruitment and mobility patterns of participants. Due to the typically uneven population distributions of most areas, and the regular mobility patterns of participants, less popular or populated areas suffer from poor coverage. In this paper, we present Crowd Soft Control (CSC), an approach to exert limited control over the actions of participants by leveraging the built-in incentives of location-based gaming and social applications. By pairing crowdsensing with location-based applications, CSC allows sensing services to reuse the incentives of location-based apps to steer the actions of participating users and increase the effectiveness of sensing campaigns. While there are several domains where this intentional movement is useful such as data muling, this paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of CSC applied to crowdsensing. We built a prototype of CSC and integrated it with two location-based applications, and crowdsensing services. Our experimental results demonstrate the low-cost of integration and minimal overhead of CSC.
Endothelial Cell Processing and Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of Factor VIII: Potential Implications for Coagulation Cascades and Pulmonary Hypertension (2010)

The pulmonary endothelium is confirmed as a site of FVIII secretion, with evidence of synthesis, cell surface expression, and coexpression with vWF. There is complex alternate transcription initiation from the FVIII gene. These findings provide a framework for future research on the regulation and perturbation of FVIII synthesis, and of potential relevance to haemophilia, thromboses, and pulmonary hypertensive states.
Invited Review Environmental Significance of Anthocyanins in Plant Stress Responses (1999)

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in all plant tissues throughout the plant kingdom. Our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its molecular control has greatly improved in the last decade. The adaptive advantages of anthocyanins, especially in nonreproductive tissues, is much less clear. Anthocyanins often appear transiently at specific developmental stages and may be induced by a number of environmental factors including visible and UVB radiation, cold temperatures and water stress. The subsequent production and localization of anthocyanins in root, stem and especially leaf tissues may allow the plant to develop resistance to a number of environmental stresses. This article reviews the environmental induction of anthocyanins and their proposed importance in ameliorating environmental stresses induced by visible and UVB radiation, drought and cold temperatures.
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey (2011)

To explore the biological characteristics of an injectable chondrocytes-alginate hydrogel, constructs in the presence of glucan HBP-A as well as its role in cartilage tissue engineering, chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit knee cartilage and verified by immunocytochemistry for type II collagen. The constructs were embedded with HBP-A and then injected to nude mice subcutaneously. Six weeks after transplantaiton, the specimens were collected for Safranin O staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mRNA expressions of disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTs-5), aggrecan and type II collegan in constructs were determined by real time PCR. Newly generated cartilaginous tissue was found after transplantation, and the collagen was obvious in the HBP-A group. In accordance with morphological observations, the mRNA expression of type II collagen was also increased significantly, accompanied by decreased expression of ADAMTs-5 (P<0.05) in the HBP-A group compared with the control group.

	 

	Key words: Glucan, chondrocyte, cartilage, hydrogel constructs, type II collagen.
Design and performance evaluation of reflection confocal microscopy using acousto-optical deflector and slit detector (2004)

We describe the design and the implementation of reflection confocal scanning microscopy (CSM) using an acousto-optical deflector (AOD) for the fast horizontal scan and a galvanometer mirror (GM) for the slow vertical scan. In the beam scanning system it is important to maintain the lateral and the axial performance during scanning operation. We propose a simple method to design a scanning system using the finite ray tracing and the diffraction theory. We define a cost function which contains the effect of aberrations on the performance of microscopy. We construct the designed system and evaluate its performance. The OSLO simulation shows that the performances of CSM are not changed with deflection angle. So we conclude that the beam scanning system is properly designed. In addition, we propose an image formation method and show images obtained with the system.
Successful Use of Oligopeptides as Immunogens in the Preparation of Antisera to Immediate-Early Gene Products of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1984)

Antisera to two herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early gene products ( IE12 and IE175 ) have been produced using oligopeptides, constructed on the basis of proposed DNA coding sequences, as immunogens. In both cases the synthetic peptides were linked to bovine serum albumin via an N-terminal tyrosine prior to immunization. Both the IE12 and the IE175 antisera reacted with their respective HSV-1 antigens and with antigens produced by the HSV-1 immediate-early mutant tsK but not with functionally equivalent antigens induced by HSV-2. IE12 induced by tsK was found to have an altered mobility with respect to the wild-type IE12 and its precipitation was accompanied by a second, minor, component of lower mobility. Revertants of tsK gave similar results. Labelling IE12 with a variety of amino acids indicated that the first of three possible initiation codons was used in its translation from mRNA. The results imply that the other initiation codons were not used. Wildtype IE12 is produced for at least 3 h after release of cycloheximide block and appears to be turned over rapidly.
Pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar en la práctica clínica (2010)

SUMMARY A review of the advantages, interpretation and prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in clinical medicine is provided. Cardiorespiratory fitness directly measured by peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2, VO2max) is an important predictor of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and repre
Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants in very old patients with Type 2 diabetes (2000)

We conclude that patients of very old age with Type 2 diabetes show a poor plasma status of vitamins A and E and carotenoids, which negatively correlates with age. Further studies are needed to explore the possible therapeutic role of lipid-soluble vitamin supplements in elderly diabetic subjects.
Antibiotic and chemotherapeutic enhanced three-dimensional printer filaments and constructs for biomedical applications (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing and additive manufacturing holds potential for highly personalized medicine, and its introduction into clinical medicine will have many implications for patient care. This paper demonstrates the first application of 3D printing as a method for the potential sustained delivery of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs from constructs for patient treatment. Our design is focused on the on-demand production of anti-infective and chemotherapeutic filaments that can be used to create discs, beads, catheters, or any medical construct using a 3D printing system. The design parameters for this project were to create a system that could be modularly loaded with bioactive agents. All 3D-printed constructs were loaded with either gentamicin or methotrexate and were optimized for efficient and extended antibacterial and cancer growth-inhibiting cytostatic activity. Preliminary results demonstrate that combining gentamicin and methotrexate with polylactic acid forms a composite possessing a superior combination of strength, versatility, and enhanced drug delivery. Antibacterial effects and a reduction in proliferation of osteosarcoma cells were observed with all constructs, attesting to the technical and clinical viability of our composites. In this study, 3D constructs were loaded with gentamicin and methotrexate, but the method can be extended to many other drugs. This method could permit clinicians to provide customized and tailored treatment that allows patient-specific treatment of disease and has significant potential for use as a tunable drug delivery system with sustained-release capacity for an array of biomedical applications.
Prospects in Folate Receptor-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (2013)

Targeted radionuclide therapy is based on systemic application of particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals which are directed toward a specific tumor-associated target. Accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical in targeted cancer cells results in high doses of absorbed radiation energy whereas toxicity to non-targeted healthy tissue is limited. This strategy has found widespread application in the palliative treatment of neuroendocrine tumors using somatostatin-based radiopeptides. The folate receptor (FR) has been identified as a target associated with a variety of frequent tumor types (e.g., ovarian, lung, brain, renal, and colorectal cancer). In healthy organs and tissue FR-expression is restricted to only a few sites such as for instance the kidneys. This demonstrates why FR-targeting is an attractive strategy for the development of new therapy concepts. Due to its high FR-binding affinity (K D < 10(-9) M) the vitamin folic acid has emerged as an almost ideal targeting agent. Therefore, a variety of folic acid radioconjugates for nuclear imaging have been developed. However, in spite of the large number of cancer patients who could benefit of a folate-based radionuclide therapy, a therapeutic concept with folate radioconjugates has not yet been envisaged for clinical application. The reason is the generally high accumulation of folate radioconjugates in the kidneys where emission of particle-radiation may result in damage to the renal tissue. Therefore, the design of more sophisticated folate radioconjugates providing improved tissue distribution profiles are needed. This review article summarizes recent developments with regard to a therapeutic application of folate radioconjugates. A new construct of a folate radioconjugate and an application protocol which makes use of a pharmacological interaction allowed the first preclinical therapy experiments with radiofolates. These results raise hope for future application of such new concepts also in the clinic.
Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Constituents of the Root of Salvia miltiorhiza BUNGE. (1997)

The constituents of the MeOH extract of Salvia miltiorhiza BUNGE, which showed strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity, were examined, and two new abietane-type diterpenoids, danshenol A (1) and danshenol B (2), were isolated together with six known ones: dihydrotanshimme I (3), cryptotanshinone (4), tanshinone I (5), tanshinone IIA (6), (-)-danshexinkun A (7), and sugiol (8). Among them, 4, 5, and 8 were weak AR inhibitors with IC50 from 4.80 to > 10.0 microM, while 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 were strong inhibitors (IC50 from 0.10 to 1.75 microM). Danshenol A (1), the strongest inhibitor, had IC50 of 0.10 microM which is comparable to that of epalrestat in clinical use. Moreover, from a consideration of IC50, and yield of each compound, it was concluded that tanshinone IIA (6) is the major active constituent of the MeOH extract and danshenol A (I) and (-)danshexinkun A(7) are the minor ones.
A model of consumer acceptance of mobile payment (2007)

One promising area of mobile commerce (m-commerce) that is receiving growing attention globally is mobile payment (m-payment). m-payment refers to making payments using mobile devices. Understanding the determinants of consumer acceptance of m-payment will provide important theoretical contributions to the field and lead to the development of more effective m-payment devices and systems. By expanding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), this study proposes a research model that examines the factors which determine consumer acceptance of m-payment. Significant support for the model was found in the data collected from a survey of 299 potential m-payment users. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are provided.
Preservation of canine and feline corneoscleral tissue in Optisol<sup>®</sup> GS (2001)

Corneoscleral tissue of cats survived longer, when preserved in Optisol GS at 4 degrees C, than that of dogs. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed good preservation of the endothelial cell layer for up to 10 days in dogs and up to 15 days in cats.