gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Anti-Tgf-β2 Antibody Therapy Improves Intracranial Volume and Craniofacial Growth in Craniosynostotic Rabbits (2007)

Postoperative resynostosis and secondary craniofacial growth abnormalities are common sequelae after craniofacial surgery. It has been suggested that an overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta2 (Tgf-beta2) may be related to craniosynostosis and contribute to postoperative resynostosis. Interference with Tgf-beta2 function using neutralizing antibodies may inhibit resynostosis and improve postoperative craniofacial growth; the present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Twenty-nine New Zealand white rabbits with bilateral coronal suture synostosis were used: 1) suturectomy controls (n=9); 2) suturectomy with nonspecific, control IgG antibody (n=9); and 3) suturectomy with anti-Tgf-beta2 antibody (n=11). At 10 days of age, a 3 mm x 15-mm coronal suturectomy was performed. The sites in groups 2 and 3 were immediately filled with 0.1 cc of a slow resorbing collagen gel mixed with either IgG (100 microg/suture) or anti-Tgf-beta2 (100 microg/suture). Three-dimensional computed tomography scan reconstructions of the skulls and cephalographs were obtained at 10, 25, 42, and 84 days of age. Computed tomography scan data revealed patent suturectomy sites and significantly (P<0.05) greater intracranial volumes by 84 days of age in rabbits treated with anti-Tgf-beta2 compared with controls. Cephalometric analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in craniofacial, cranial vault, and cranial base growth by 84 days of age in rabbits treated with anti-Tgf-beta2 compared with controls. These data support the initial hypothesis that interference with Tgf-beta2 function inhibited postoperative resynostosis and improved cranial vault growth in this rabbit model. Thus, this biologically based therapy may be a potential surgical adjunct in the treatment of infants with craniosynostosis.
75.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : The Many Roles of Illumination in Information Display (2010)

Abstract Information display occurs when people receive information from human‐influenced light. The information may be literal or symbolic and static or dynamic, and whilethe same basic photometric principles apply for each of the four combinations, they are often viewed differently. Such categorization highlights important opportunities, and a need for further research, especially in cases that lie at the interstices of these natural categories.
Evidence for an axial oxygen-centered lattice fluctuation associated with the superconducting transition in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1990)

The axial oxygen contributions to the Cu K-edge, polarized, extended x-ray-absorption fine structure of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ are analyzed from 10\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}105 K, using a novel approach in which the radial distribution function is directly calculated from model potentials. The best fit is obtained with a double-well potential with two nearly equally populated O(4) sites 0.13 \AA{} apart. The site separation decreases 0.02 \AA{} in a region near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. This perturbation in the structure is accompanied by a large increase of the tunneling frequency of \ensuremath{\sim}80 K between the two wells, suggesting a coupling between superconducting fluctuations and nonlinear phonons.
A design for multimedia desk-to-desk conferencing (1993)

The authors describe an interactive multimedia application for cooperative work known as desk-to-desk conferencing. The application enables participants to communicate with others sharing personal computer screens in real time and work together on common images. It is targeted for the broad set of connected personal computers and requires little effort to install and use. The authors review the requirements and benefits expected from such applications and the technologies that make them possible today. They describe their experience at IBM in developing a desk-to-desk conferencing system.
Structure, expression and regulation of the murine 4F2 heavy chain (1989)

The murine 4F2 molecule is a 125 kilodalton disulfide-linked heterodimeric cell-surface glycoprotein which has been shown to be involved in the processes of cellular activation and proliferation (1). To elucidate the structure, expression, and regulation of the 4F2 molecule, a murine 4F2 heavy chain (4F2HC) cDNA has been isolated and structurally characterized. The murine 4F2HC is a 526 amino acid (aa) type II membrane glycoprotein which is composed of a 75 aa N-terminal intracytoplasmic region, a single hydrophobic putative transmembrane domain, and a 428 aa C-terminal extracellular domain. Comparison with the human 4F2HC cDNA reveals the highest degree of sequence identity within the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains. Northern blot analyses have demonstrated that the 4F2HC gene is expressed at relatively high levels in adult testis, lung, brain, kidney, and spleen, and at significantly lower levels in adult liver and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Studies designed to elucidate the pattern of regulation of the murine 4F2HC gene have demonstrated that it is induced during the process of cell activation, but is subsequently expressed at constant levels throughout the cell cycle in exponentially growing cells.
New biodegradable drug-eluting stents for urethral strictures in a rabbit model (2010)

In this study, the feasibility and the effect of a new biodegradable drug-eluting urethral stents for the treatment of urethral stricture in a rabbit model were evaluated, and the biocompatibility properties of the new biodegradable drug-eluting urethral stents in the rabbit urethral assessed. A total of 34 male New Zealand White rabbits with urethral strictures were used, and equally divided into two groups: with drug stents and drug-free stents. The urethral strictures were made by using a self-control explosion device as the control. Stents were surgically implanted into the stenotic urethras of rabbits under direct vision. Reparative effects, including biocompatibility assessment, were evaluated by urethroscopy, retrograde urethrography, and histology at different intervals at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Although retrograde urethrography and urodynamic results at 12 weeks showed no comparable differences among the three groups, urethroscopic and histological follow-up indicated that the drug stents had minimized the stent-related inflammatory responses, urothelial hyperplasia, and scar formation compared with the drug-free stents. The new biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting stents were more biocompatible and effective for treating urethral strictures in the rabbit model than the drug-free stents.
Specific binding of glucosaminylmuramyl peptides to histones (1999)

Intracellular N-acetylglucosaminylmuramyl peptide-binding proteins of murine macrophages and myelomonocytic WEHI-3 cells were characterized. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed proteins with molecular masses of 18, 32 and 34 kDa retaining the ability to specifically bind glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide. The inhibition analysis demonstrated that only biologically active muramyl peptides but not inactive analogs or fragments of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide could inhibit glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide-binding to these proteins. Purification of these proteins and sequencing of peptides obtained after in-gel trypsin digestion enabled us to identify the above mentioned proteins as histones H1 and H3. These findings suggest that nuclear histones might be target molecules for muramyl peptides.
Where are the Masks: Instance Segmentation with Image-level Supervision (2019)

A major obstacle in instance segmentation is that existing methods often need many per-pixel labels in order to be effective. These labels require large human effort and for certain applications, such labels are not readily available. To address this limitation, we propose a novel framework that can effectively train with image-level labels, which are significantly cheaper to acquire. For instance, one can do an internet search for the term "car" and obtain many images where a car is present with minimal effort. Our framework consists of two stages: (1) train a classifier to generate pseudo masks for the objects of interest; (2) train a fully supervised Mask R-CNN on these pseudo masks. Our two main contribution are proposing a pipeline that is simple to implement and is amenable to different segmentation methods; and achieves new state-of-the-art results for this problem setup. Our results are based on evaluating our method on PASCAL VOC 2012, a standard dataset for weakly supervised methods, where we demonstrate major performance gains compared to existing methods with respect to mean average precision.
Systematic, genome-wide identification of host genes affecting replication of a positive-strand RNA virus (2003)

Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest virus class and include many pathogens such as hepatitis C virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a representative positive-strand RNA virus whose RNA replication, gene expression, and encapsidation have been reproduced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using traditional yeast genetics, host genes have been identified that function in controlling BMV translation, selecting BMV RNAs as replication templates, activating the replication complex, maintaining a lipid composition required for membrane-associated RNA replication, and other steps. To more globally and systematically identify such host factors, we used engineered BMV derivatives to assay viral RNA replication in each strain of an ordered, genome-wide set of yeast single-gene deletion mutants. Each deletion strain was transformed to express BMV replicase proteins and a BMV RNA replication template with the capsid gene replaced by a luciferase reporter. Luciferase expression, which is dependent on viral RNA replication and RNA-dependent mRNA synthesis, was measured in intact yeast cells. Approximately 4500 yeast deletion strains ( approximately 80% of yeast genes) were screened in duplicate and selected strains analyzed further. This functional genomics approach revealed nearly 100 genes whose absence inhibited or stimulated BMV RNA replication and/or gene expression by 3- to >25-fold. Several of these genes were shown previously to function in BMV replication, validating the approach. Newly identified genes include some in RNA, protein, or membrane modification pathways and genes of unknown function. The results further illuminate virus and cell pathways. Further refinement of virus screening likely will reveal contributions from additional host genes.
Determination of the frequency interval of phase-matched nonlinear conversion in powders of various molecular crystals (1986)

Frequency doubling in various powders of molecular crystals was investigated using a tunable laser utilizing F2+ centers in LiF. The dependence of the converted radiation intensity on the pump frequency was used to determine the frequency interval where nonlinear phase-matched conversion can be achieved and the noncritical (90°) phase-matching frequency.
High-Silica Zeolite-β: From Stable Colloidal Suspensions to Thin Films (2008)

A comprehensive study including (i) the synthesis of colloidal zeolite-β nanoparticles with size below 100 nm from precursor suspensions, (ii) kinetics of the crystallization process of zeolite-β, (iii) stabilization of the β nanocrystals in coating suspensions, (iv) preparation of homogeneous thin films by a spin-coating approach, and (v) physicochemical characterizations of the films are the focus of this paper. It has been demonstrated that the crystallization process of β was completed within 7 days, and the final size and shape of the nanocrystals resemble the amorphous particles in the precursor suspensions. Next, the crystalline β particles were stabilized in colloidal suspensions under addition of inorganic silica-based binders and further applied for a spin-on process of films. It has been confirmed that the number of coating steps, speed of deposition, concentration of coating suspensions, and type of binders had a pronounced influence on the thickness, mechanical, and optical properties of the films. The refractive index (n) of the films prepared with binders is increased slightly due to introduction of amorphous silica, thus leading to the formation of denser and more mechanically stable zeolite-β layers.
Cell nuclei attributed relational graphs for efficient representation and classification of gastric cancer in digital histopathology (2016)

This paper describes a novel graph-based method for efficient representation and subsequent classification in histological whole slide images of gastric cancer. Her2/neu immunohistochemically stained and haematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections of gastric carcinoma are digitized. Immunohistochemical staining is used in practice by pathologists to determine extent of malignancy, however, it is laborious to visually discriminate the corresponding malignancy levels in the more commonly used haematoxylin and eosin stain, and this study attempts to solve this problem using a computer-based method. Cell nuclei are first isolated at high magnification using an automatic cell nuclei segmentation strategy, followed by construction of cell nuclei attributed relational graphs of the tissue regions. These graphs represent tissue architecture comprehensively, as they contain information about cell nuclei morphology as vertex attributes, along with knowledge of neighborhood in the form of edge linking and edge attributes. Global graph characteristics are derived and ensemble learning is used to discriminate between three types of malignancy levels, namely, non-tumor, Her2/neu positive tumor and Her2/neu negative tumor. Performance is compared with state of the art methods including four texture feature groups (Haralick, Gabor, Local Binary Patterns and Varma Zisserman features), color and intensity features, and Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation. Texture, color and intensity information is also combined with graph-based knowledge, followed by correlation analysis. Quantitative assessment is performed using two cross validation strategies. On investigating the experimental results, it can be concluded that the proposed method provides a promising way for computer-based analysis of histopathological images of gastric cancer.
Superheating effects associated with microwave dielectric heating (1992)

Fluoroptic temperature measurements have established that organic solvents in a microwave cavity superheat by 13–26 °C above their conventional boiling points at atmospheric pressure; this behaviour is interpreted using a model of nucleate boiling that emphasises the importance of the wetting properties of the solvents.
Preparation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate from<i>Porphyridium cruentum</i> (1991)

The polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has attracted increased attention due to its pharmaceutical properties. The main source is marine fish oil which contains approximately 15% EPA. However, pharmaceutical applications of EPA will probably require higher concentrations, perhaps as high as 90%. The red microalga Porphyridium cruentum is a potential source, because its EPA content approaches 44.1% of the total fatty acids. Three methods were attempted for EPA concentration and arachidonic acid (AA) removal from the oil of this alga. Separation of the glycolipids, formation of a urea inclusion complex and reverse phase chromatography on C‐18 Sep‐Pak filters resulted in an EPA concentrate of 97% purity. Similar methods resulted in an AA concentrate of 80% purity.
In vitro and in vivo biochemistry of olanzapine: a novel, atypical antipsychotic drug. (1997)

According to the results of the survey, a sizable minority of physicians denied being confidently aware of the existence of antidepressant withdrawal symptoms. Education about discontinuation reactions, including the hallmark features, symptoms, and course, is needed for both psychiatrists and family practice physicians.
New and Convenient Synthesis of 2-Substituted 2,3-Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-benz[<i>de</i>]isoquinolin-1-ones (1988)

Abstract Various 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[de]isoquinolin-1-ones were obtained in high yields by chemoselective reduction of 2-substituted 1H-benz[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-diones with sodium or zinc borohydride at room temperature.
Soil Solution Sampled with and without Tension in Arable and Heathland Soils (1993)

Abstract The composition of soil solution is of importance in many aspects of soil science. It is therefore of interest to reach an understanding of when to apply a certain sampling method in preference to others. For this reason we evaluated both zero‐tension and tension samplers for use in long‐term monitoring of soil solutions sampled fortnightly in a sandy arable soil plot from 1987 to 1990 and in a sandy calluna heathland plot from 1986 to 1990. Compared with tension solution, the zero‐tension solution in the arable plot was more influenced by the soil solution composition from the upper fertilized plow layer, and in the heathland plot the zero‐tension solution was more influenced by the composition of rainwater. On both plots the temporal variability in the amount of nonsorptive solutes, as well as systematic differences in the amount of sorptive solutes sampled by these techniques, give support to the notion that zero‐tension samples represented the flux concentrations, whereas the tension samples were approximations of resident concentrations. In conclusion, if the objective of sampling soil solution is to gain insight in internal processes in a specific soil layer, tension methods are most appropriate. On the other hand, if the objective is to study the loss of solutes from a given layer, zero‐tension methods should be used. Using less mobile water as a basis for the estimate of leaching processes may lead to biased results, especially when considering sorptive solutes. The estimates of nonsorptive solute leaching may also become biased, dependent on the coincidence of high drainage with biased concentration measurements.
Permalloy thin-film inductors (1970)

The design of an integrated thin-film inductor suitable for use at 10 MHz is described, and some operational characteristics are given. The inductor has the shape of a square spiral and is surrounded by permalloy thin films according to a certain pattern. This pattern allows these films to be driven in the hard direction and thus utilises the hard-direction permeability which is quite large (≃2700).
1200V Reverse Blocking IGBT with low loss for Matrix Converter (2004)

This paper presents, for the first time, the design concepts of an isolation type 12OOV reverse blocking IGBT(RB-IGBT) for matrix converter. The device features thin wafer technology and deep boron diffusion technique. From experimental results, it has been found that the 12OOV RBIGBT attains about 20% reduction in total generated loss when it compared to the Combination of the IGBT and the diode while keeping improved blocking capability with both polarities. The high efficiency matrix converter can be achieved by using the RB-IGBTs and has a great possibility to replace the conventional DC-linked-type circuits.
Near-perfect hologram reconstruction with a spatial light modulator (2008)

We present an implementation method for noiseless holographic projection of precalculated light fields with a spatial light modulator. In the reconstructed image, both the spatial amplitude and phase distributions can be programmed independently. This is achieved by diffracting the light from two successive phase holograms that are located in conjugate Fourier planes. The light path is folded such that the two corresponding phase masks can be displayed side by side at a single phase-only spatial light modulator. Such a device has relevant applications in holographic display-or projection systems, and for optical micromanipulation in laser tweezers.
Preparation and characterization of the deepoxy trichothecenes: deepoxy HT-2, deepoxy T-2 triol, deepoxy T-2 tetraol, deepoxy 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol, and deepoxy scirpentriol (1987)

The production of deepoxy metabolites of the trichothecene mycotoxins T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol, including deepoxy HT-2 (DE HT-2), deepoxy T-2 triol, deepoxy T-2 tetraol, deepoxy 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol, and deepoxy scirpentriol is described. The metabolites were prepared by in vitro fermentation with bovine rumen microorganisms under anaerobic conditions and purified by normal and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Capillary gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra of the derivatized metabolites were obtained. The deepoxy metabolites were significantly less toxic to brine shrimp than were the corresponding epoxy analogs. Polyclonal and monoclonal T-2 antibodies were examined for cross-reactivity to several T-2 metabolites. Both HT-2 and DE HT-2 cross-reacted with mouse immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody 15H6 to a greater extent than did T-2 toxin. Rabbit polyclonal T-2 antibodies displayed greater specificity to T-2 toxin compared with the monoclonal antibody, with relative cross-reactivities of only 17.4, 14.6, and 9.2% for HT-2, DE HT-2, and deepoxy T-2 triol, respectively. Cross-reactivity of both antibodies was weak for T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, 3'OH T-2, and 3'OH HT-2.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Depressive Disorders (2012)

We have carried out a medline search "oxidative stress depression", "oxidative stress affective disorders", "free radicals and depression", "free radicals and affective disorders" "antidepressants oxidative stress" "antidepressants and free radicals". We found numerous reports elaborating depressive disorder and oxidative stress. Most of the previous studies concentrated on investigating antioxidants in human blood as well as in animal models. However, few of these reports were able to show correlations of reduced oxidative stress with antidepressant treatment and clinical outcome measures. Fewer studies elaborated the concentrations of antioxidants in the human brain and some pro-oxidative enzymes in depression. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress in the aetiology of depression.
Multifunctional Thin Film Zinc Oxide Semiconductors: Application to Electronic Devices (2006)

In this paper we report some of the recent advances in transparent thin film oxide semiconductors, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO), produced by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature with multifunctional properties. By controlling the deposition parameters it is possible to produce undoped material with electronic semiconductor properties or by doping it to get either n-type or p-type semiconductor behavior. In this work we refer our experience in producing n-type doping ZnO as transparent electrode to be used in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and position sensitive detectors while the undoped ZnO can be used as UV photodetector or ozone gas sensor or even as active layer of fully transparent thin film transistors.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Supported Pt‐Ru Bimetallic Clusters: Strong Precursor‐Support Interactions. (1990)

Abstract Highly dispersed Pt‐Ru bimetallic particles supported on SiO 2 are prepared by coimpregnation using Pt(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 3 ) 2 and Ru(NH 3 ) 6 Cl 3 .