gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating vigilance deficits in ADHD: A meta-analysis of CPT performance. (2012)

We meta-analytically review 47 between-groups studies of continuous performance test (CPT) performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a random effects model and correcting for both sampling error and measurement unreliability, we found large effect sizes (δ) for overall performance, but only small to moderate δ for performance over time in the handful of studies that reported that data. Smaller δs for performance over time are likely attributable, in part, to the extensive use of stimuli for which targets and distractors are quite easily differentiated. Artifacts accounted for a considerable proportion of variance among observed δs. Effect sizes reported in previous reviews were significantly attenuated because of the presence of uncorrected artifacts and highlight the necessity of accounting for artifactual variance in future work to determine the amount of true neurocognitive heterogeneity within ADHD. Signal detection theory and diffusion modeling analyses indicated that the ADHD-related deficits were because of decreased perceptual sensitivity (d') and slower drift rates (v). Results are interpreted the context of several recent models of ADHD.
The Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Children in the United States (2005)

With nearly half a million children affected each year, TBI is a serious public health problem. Variation in rates by race suggest the need to more closely examine the factors that contribute to these differences, such as the external causes of the injury and associated modifiable factors (e.g., the use of seatbelts and child safety seats).
Controlled Regiodivergent C–H Bond Activation of Imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridine via Synergistic Cooperation between Aluminum and Nickel (2014)

The catalytic method features a cooperative interaction between Ni and Al imparting remote C-H alkenylation at the C5 position of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine with alkynes at mild conditions. Exclusion of AlMe3 switches the selectivity to the C3 position. Reactions with styrene and other olefinic substrates affording C5-adducts by Ni/Al catalysis are also included.
The integration of AC drive technology to Amtrak's passenger locomotives (2002)

During 1983 Amtrak experienced very heavy DC traction motor use both in the diesel-electric and in the electric powered locomotive fleets. As a result, Amtrak's executives decided to obtain first hand experience with AC traction which, at that time, was being proposed as the answer to many traction motor problems. The history and operating experience with Amtrak's AC drive locomotives from both ABB and EMD/Siemens are discussed. The system impact of AC drives and introduction of suitable redundancy techniques for reliability improvements of head end power generation are discussed. The movement towards strategic maintenance concepts with the diagnostic fault data becoming available, and the anticipated future performance requirements for high-speed diesels, electric locomotives, and trainsets are also covered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance Analysis of a CFD Code in Several PC Cluster Systems (2001)

In recent years cluster systems using off-the-shelf processors and networks components have been increasing popular. Since actual performance of a cluster system varies significantly for different architectures, representative in-house codes from major application fields were executed to evaluate the actual performance of systems with different combination of CPU, network, and network topology. As an example of practical CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, the flow past an Onera-M6 wing and the flow past an infinite wing were simulated on clusters of Linux and several other hardware environments.
Influence of pH, temperature, and inoculum composition on mixed cultures of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> 404 and <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> 398 (1991)

The effects of pH, temperature, and inoculum composition on Streptococcus thermophilus 404 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus 398 mixed cultures were studied. Linear quadratic models according to these three variables were proposed to express the growth and acidification characteristics, as well as the final proportion between the two strains. Initial and operating conditions, allowing maximization of these characteristics were determined. Finally, a graphic method to predict both final total concentration and final proportion of the two bacteria as a function of pH, temperature and inoculum composition is presented.
Vehicle detection and tracking under various lighting conditions using a particle filter (2012)

The authors propose a vision-based automatic system to detect preceding vehicles on the highway under various lighting and different weather conditions. To adapt to different characteristics of vehicle appearance under various lighting conditions, four cues including underneath shadow, vertical edge, symmetry and taillight are fused for the vehicle detection. The authors achieve this goal by generating probability distribution of vehicle under particle filter framework through the processes of initial sampling, propagation, observation, cue fusion and evaluation. Unlike normal particle filter focusing on single target distribution in a state space, the authors detect multiple vehicles with a single particle filter through a high-level tracking strategy using clustering. In addition, the data-driven initial sampling technique helps the system detect new objects and prevent the multi-modal distribution from collapsing to the local maxima. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Computation of the gradient-induced electric field noise in 12-lead ECG traces during rapid MRI sequences (2014)

Background Successful physiological monitoring using a 12-lead ECG during MR imaging is essential for safe conduction of cardiovascular interventions within a MR scanner. However, ECG artifacts induced by magnetic field gradients severely affect the signal quality and fidelity. Previously, the gradient-induced artifacts were reduced by blocking ECG transmissions during all gradient ramps [1], which has been shown feasible while the method is not suitable for short-TR sequences. Theoretical and experimental
Depth of Field Affects Perceived Depth in Stereographs (2014)

Although it has been reported that depth of field influences depth perception in nonstereo photographs, it remains unclear how depth of field affects depth perception under stereo viewing conditions. We showed participants stereo photographs with different depths of field using a Wheatstone stereoscope and a commercially available 3D TV. The depicted scene contained a floor, a background, and a measuring probe at different locations. Participants drew a floor plan of the depicted scene to scale. We found that perceived depth decreased with decreasing depth of field for shallow depths of field in scenes containing a height-in-the-field cue. For larger depths of field, different effects were found depending on the display system and the viewing distance. There was no effect on perceived depth using the 3D TV, but perceived depth decreased with increasing depth of field using the Wheatstone stereoscope. However, in the 3D TV case, we found that the perceived depth decreased with increasing depth of field in scenes in which the height-in-the-field cue was removed. This indicates that the effect of depth of field on perceived depth may be influenced by other depth cues in the scene, such as height-in-the-field cues.
Interactive segmentation of medical images through fully convolutional neural networks (2019)

Image segmentation plays an essential role in medicine for both diagnostic and interventional tasks. Segmentation approaches are either manual, semi-automated or fully-automated. Manual segmentation offers full control over the quality of the results, but is tedious, time consuming and prone to operator bias. Fully automated methods require no human effort, but often deliver sub-optimal results without providing users with the means to make corrections. Semi-automated approaches keep users in control of the results by providing means for interaction, but the main challenge is to offer a good trade-off between precision and required interaction. In this paper we present a deep learning (DL) based semi-automated segmentation approach that aims to be a "smart" interactive tool for region of interest delineation in medical images. We demonstrate its use for segmenting multiple organs on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. Our approach solves some of the most pressing clinical challenges: (i) it requires only one to a few user clicks to deliver excellent 2D segmentations in a fast and reliable fashion; (ii) it can generalize to previously unseen structures and "corner cases"; (iii) it delivers results that can be corrected quickly in a smart and intuitive way up to an arbitrary degree of precision chosen by the user and (iv) ensures high accuracy. We present our approach and compare it to other techniques and previous work to show the advantages brought by our method.
Dynamic Stability of Disclination Lines in Fringe-Field Switching Mode with a Wedge-Shaped Common Electrode (2006)

We investigated the dynamic stability of disclination lines (DLs) generated near pixel edges for fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with a wedged shape common electrode. Actually, in the FFS mode with a liquid crystal (LC) of positive dielectric anisotropy, the LC dynamic is very unstable near pixel edges. There are strong field competitions between the adjacent active region and the pixel edge with a patterned slit at a bias voltage so that DLs are observed at the boundary. A reverse twist force near the pixel edges is strong at a high voltage and pushes DLs into the active region, resulting in a decreased transmittance in the panel. Thus, to solve this problem, another force is needed to make DLs remain near the pixel edges. In this study, we proposed an advanced FFS structure with a wedge-shaped common electrode. This structure produces a strong horizontal electric field due to the wedge-shaped common electrode extended near the data bus line. As a result, it can reduce portions of the reverse twist force in the panel and make DLs remain near the pixel edges. Also, it eliminates the distortion of pixel and data signals preventing the complete extension of a common electrode through the use of a wedge-shaped electrode.
SoK: Secure Data Deletion (2013)

Secure data deletion is the task of deleting data irrecoverably from a physical medium. In the digital world, data is not securely deleted by default; instead, many approaches add secure deletion to existing physical medium interfaces. Interfaces to the physical medium exist at different layers, such as user-level applications, the file system, the device driver, etc. Depending on which interface is used, the properties of an approach can differ significantly. In this paper, we survey the related work in detail and organize existing approaches in terms of their interfaces to physical media. We further present a taxonomy of adversaries differing in their capabilities as well as a systematization for the characteristics of secure deletion approaches. Characteristics include environmental assumptions, such as how the interface's use affects the physical medium, as well as behavioural properties of the approach such as the deletion latency and physical wear. We perform experiments to test a selection of approaches on a variety of file systems and analyze the assumptions made in practice.
Cooperative access to relational and object-oriented federated databases (2002)

Much work has been done in the field of heterogeneous federated database systems (FDBSs), but almost all this work deals with relational systems or, eventually, with the integration of hierarchical and network models and the relational model. The authors present a prototype that allows access to relational (INGRES) and object-oriented (O2) database systems composing a federation. They assume that all databases store equivalent information. Users are allowed to specify queries over one of the component databases and the prototype retrieves equivalent information from the other database using a set of mapping rules. These rules define equivalences between the schemas' structures of INGRES and O2. The prototype has been implemented in Prolog and C in a network of Sun workstations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Utility of Bile Duct Brush Cytology in Pancreaticobiliary Diseases - Prospective Comparative Study of Conventional Smear and $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ Liquid Based Cytology - (2006)

Bile duct brush cytology has been employed as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary tract strictures. The specificity of this method is high however, its sensitivity is quite low. A recent study employing liquid based cytology (LBC) reported results comparable to those achieved via conventional cytology. Therefore, we have attempted to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of bile duct brush cytology in pancreaticobiliary diseases. A total of 46 cases with bile duct stricture were enrolled including 11 cases of benign stricture, 29 cases of bile duct carcinoma, 3 cases of gallbladder cancer, and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer. Both conventional smear and LBC using MonoPrep2 TM system were conducted in each case. The cytological diagnosis of each case was classed into the following categories; benign, suspicious for malignancy, and malignancy. The diagnostic accuracy of both cytologic methods was investigated. LBC evidenced a high rate of material insufficiency (13/46), which was attributed to low cellularity. The kappa index of both cytological methods was 0.508. Cytological and tissue diagnoses were correlated in 25 cases conducted from biopsy or operation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 41.2% (7/17), 100% (8/8), 100% (7/7), and 44.4% (10/18) in conventional smear; 58.8% (10/17), 87.5% (7/8), 90.9% (10/11), and 50.0% (7/14) in LBC; and 94.1% (16/17), 87.5% (7/8), 94.1% (16/17), and 87.5% (7/8) in any one of both cytological methods, respectively. Based on these results, the sensitivity of LBC was found to be superior to that of conventional smear and we were able to obtain higher positive predictive value upto 94.1% by simultaneously conducting both cytologic methods.
Conjugated Quantum Dots Inhibit the Amyloid <i>β</i> (1–42) Fibrillation Process (2011)

Nanoparticles have enormous potential in diagnostic and therapeutic studies. We have demonstrated that the amyloid beta mixed with and conjugated to dihydrolipoic acid- (DHLA) capped CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) of size approximately 2.5 nm can be used to reduce the fibrillation process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used as tools for analysis of fibrillation. There is a significant change in morphology of fibrils when amyloid β (1-42) (Aβ (1-42)) is mixed or conjugated to the QDs. The length and the width of the fibrils vary under modified conditions. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence supports the decrease in fibril formation in presence of DHLA-capped QDs.
A Steady-State and Hydroelastic Analysis of Towed Line Arrays for ASW target Applications (1983)

The three-dimensional static and dynamic configurations of towed line arrays such as those used for mobile targets are of extreme importance. It has been found through towing tank tests of a 200-ft array that it assumes a statically deformed shape over its entire length. In addition, under certain conditions dynamic oscillations of the drogue end occur. This is in contract to the design requirement of overall neutral buoyancy, which would result in an essentially straight array under tow. Three mathematical and numerical computer models have been developed to study and analyze this behavior. These include (1) a three-dimensional steady state model that is sensitive to array weight and/or buoyance distribution, (2) a two-dimensional (horizontal plane) hydroelastic model that will predict static and dynamic configuration instabilities, and (3) a two-dimensional (horizontal or vertical plane) dynamic response model that will predict response to tow-vehicle maneuvers. The three computer models have been used to study the characteristics of the 200-ft array tested in the towing tank. It was found that the 'as built' nonuniform weight distribution, in conjunction with the uniform buoyancy distribution due to the constant diameter array, results in static deflections. These deflections may in turn initiate hydrostatic instabilities. Dynamic instabilities were found to be confined to the drogue end of the array, where the tension is at a minimum.
Studies of type IV collagenase regulation by hypoxia (1998)

Recent data suggest that patients with more hypoxic solid tumors are more likely to develop metastases and die. We speculated that upregulation of the metastasis-associated type IV collagenase MMP-9 (gelatinase B) by hypoxia might be correlated with the increased risk of distant failure in patients with hypoxic tumors. The promoter for MMP-9 contains consensus binding sites for the transcription factors NFkappaB and AP-1 which are upregulated under hypoxic conditions in HeLa cells and these transcription factors are critical to transcriptional activation of the MMP-9 gene. A variety of tumor cell lines were examined for induction of MMP-9 and the related protease MMP-2 under hypoxic conditions. Although hypoxia did upregulate MMP-9 in one alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, we were unable to demonstrate a consistent hypoxia-mediated increase in MMP-9 protein, RNA, or transcriptional activity measured with reporter constructs. These results suggest that MMP-9 expression is not directly affected by exposure to hypoxia in vitro.
CMOS-based thermopiles using vertically integrated double polycrystalline silicon layers (2013)

An infrared sensor based on a vertically integrated double layer (VIDL) thermopile which comprises of 96 thermocouples on a suspended membrane has been designed and fabricated by a CMOS-compatible process. The properties of this thermopile are characterized. The responsivity (Rs) of the VIDL thermopile is 202.8V/W and the detectivity (D*) of it is 2.85×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cmHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .
Aerobic Oxidation of Vicinal Diols Catalyzed by an Anderson-Type Polyoxometalate, [IMo6O24]5 (2002)

An Anderson-type polyoxometalate, [IVIIMo6O24]5–, has been used as a catalyst for the aerobic oxidation at 80 °C of vicinal diols (glycols). This is the first report on the use of such a polyoxometalate as an oxidation catalyst. Reactivity and selectivity were dependent on the substrate. Thus, aryl-substituted diols yielded mostly the carbon-carbon bond cleavage products, while 1,2-cyclohexanediol yielded cyclohexanone-2-ol and 1,2-cyclohexanedione. Aliphatic diols were less reactive but yielded carbon-carbon bond cleavage products in the presence of additional acid. An abbreviated mechanistic study was carried out indicating that the polyoxometalate oxidizes the diol to the various products even under anaerobic conditions. The reduced polyoxometalates (heteropoly blues and heteropoly browns) formed in the oxidation of the diols are re-oxidized by the molecular oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reaction of Powdered Zirconium und Carbon Dioxide. (1985)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion wird im Temperaturbereich 600‐800°C bei einem CO 2 ‐Druck von 150 Torr durchgeführt.
Opium poppy: botany, chemistry, and pharmacology (1996)

ContentsForeword * Preface * Introduction * Botanical Studies * Cytology and Genetic Studies * Agronomical Studies * Physiological Studies * Anatomical Studies * Constitution of Amphicribal Vascular Bundles in Capsule * Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Opium Alkaloids * Biosynthesis and Physiology of Opium Alkaloids * Occurrence and Role of Alkaloids in Plants * Evaluation of Analgesic Actions of Morphine in Various Pain Models in Experimental Animals * Index
Deep Features for Recognizing Disguised Faces in the Wild (2018)

Unconstrained face verification is a challenging problem owing to variations in pose, illumination, resolution of image, age, etc. This problem becomes even more complex when the subjects are actively trying to deceive face verification systems by wearing a disguise. The problem under consideration here is to identify a subject under disguises and reject impostors trying to look like the subject of interest. In this paper we present a DCNN-based approach for recognizing people under disguises and picking out impostors. We train two different networks on a large dataset comprising of still images and video frames with L2-softmax loss. We fuse features obtained from the two networks and show that the resulting features are effective for discriminating between disguised faces and impostors in the wild. We present results on the recently introduced Disguised Faces in the Wild challenge dataset.
Phenomena Affecting Drilling Rates at Depth (1959)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 232–239. Abstract Rock downhole is known to be less drillable than when brought to the surface. This must be ascribed mainly to the presence under downhole conditions of a pressure differential across already made chips, which hinders their being lifted. The pressure differential has partly a static and partly a dynamic origin. Balling-up of bits is another consequence of this pressure differential. Reduction in penetration rate owing to an increase in the strength of the rock is goverend by the difference between the mud pressure and the pressure of the formation pore liquid. Rotationally symmetric geostatic stresses have no effect on drillability. Fracture of rock when drilling will be brittle in most cases. The above is supported by laboratory drilling experiments with drag bits and roller bits at elevated mud, pore, and confining pressures on rocks differing in strength and permeability. Introduction In oil well drilling drillability of rock is found to decrease with increasing depth of the hole. Naturally deep rock will be more compacted and, therefore, harder to drill than shallow rock of the same type. However, apart from this the drillability of a sample of deep and compacted rock brought to the surface is generally much higher than in its original location downhole. In view of the economic implications of this reduction in drillability, it seems worthwhile to analyze its causes. The origin clearly has to be sought in the difference of environment. The only conceivable factors would seem to be the presence of mud under pressure, the pressure of the formation pore liquid, and the overburden of the rock. Down the borehole the rock is compressed triaxially by mud pressure and overburden. It is well known that the strength of rock is increased when confined by external pressure. Various authors have, therefore, ascribed the difference in drillability mainly to the strengthening of rock by triaxial compression. Another factor, mentioned by Bobo and Hoch, is that forces, including "pressure differential forces", tend to hold a dislodged particle in place. However, the conditions determining their magnitude are not clarified nor is their effect on drilling rate assessed.