gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SiO2 deposition from oxygen/silane pulsed helicon diffusion plasmas (1995)

Near-stoichiometric SiO2 films, with little H incorporation and wet etch rates 1.5–3 times that of thermal oxide, have been deposited in a low pressure oxygen/silane helicon diffusion plasma, which has been pulsed with a 50% duty cycle at frequencies from 0.005 Hz to 1 kHz. At low pulse frequencies, the deposition rate is about 50% of the continuous rate, but as the pulse frequency increases from 0.1 to 100 Hz, the deposition rate increases and equals that for a continuous plasma. A likely explanation is that deposition from silane radicals and oxygen continues to take place in the afterglow after the plasma has extinguished. A simple model gives a time constant for this process of about 200 ms.
Supporting exception handling for futures in Java (2007)

A future is a simple and elegant construct that programmers can use to identify potentially asynchronous computation and to introduce parallelism into serial programs. In its recent 5.0 release, Java provides an interface-based implementation of futures that enables users to encapsulate potentially asynchronous computation and to define their own execution engines for futures. In prior work, we have proposed an alternative model, called directive-based lazy futures (DBLFutures), to support futures in Java, that simplifies Java programmer effort and improves performance and scalability of future-based applications. In the DBLFuture model, programmers use a new directive, "@future", to specify potentially concurrent computations within a serial program. DBLFutures enable programmers to focus on the logic and correctness of a program in the serial version first, and then to introduce parallelism gradually and intuitively. Moreover, DBLFutures provide greater flexibility to the Java virtual machine for efficient future support.
Characteristics of high-power gliding arc plasma reformer for industrial applications (2012)

Summary form only given. Recently researchers of Drexel Plasma Institute have developed a 10 kW non thermal plasmatron that can be used as a basic unit for scaling up for industrial applications [1]. The goal of this study is to gain understanding of the processes which are happening during gliding arc existence. For this purpose we employed high speed photo camera “Phantom M310” to obtain information regarding gliding arc formation, propagation and extinction. We present results showing that the life time of a single arc consists of multiple stages which are the moment of breakdown, a few types of reconnections and extinction. Characteristic of the lifetime as a function of flow rate, power, arc thickness and length will be discussed.
Demonstration of polarization-insensitive spatial light modulation using a single polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator (2015)

We present a simple configuration incorporating a single polarization-sensitive phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) to facilitate polarization-insensitive spatial light modulation. The polarization-insensitive configuration is formed by a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a polarization-sensitive phase-only LC-SLM, a half-wave plate (HWP), and a mirror in a loop structure. We experimentally demonstrate polarization-insensitive spatial light modulations for incident linearly polarized beams with different polarization states and polarization-multiplexed beams. Polarization-insensitive spatial light modulations generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are demonstrated in the experiment. The designed polarization-insensitive configuration may find promising applications in spatial light modulations accommodating diverse incident polarizations.
Global analysis of protein folding using massively parallel design, synthesis, and testing (2017)

Proteins fold into unique native structures stabilized by thousands of weak interactions that collectively overcome the entropic cost of folding. Although these forces are "encoded" in the thousands of known protein structures, "decoding" them is challenging because of the complexity of natural proteins that have evolved for function, not stability. We combined computational protein design, next-generation gene synthesis, and a high-throughput protease susceptibility assay to measure folding and stability for more than 15,000 de novo designed miniproteins, 1000 natural proteins, 10,000 point mutants, and 30,000 negative control sequences. This analysis identified more than 2500 stable designed proteins in four basic folds-a number sufficient to enable us to systematically examine how sequence determines folding and stability in uncharted protein space. Iteration between design and experiment increased the design success rate from 6% to 47%, produced stable proteins unlike those found in nature for topologies where design was initially unsuccessful, and revealed subtle contributions to stability as designs became increasingly optimized. Our approach achieves the long-standing goal of a tight feedback cycle between computation and experiment and has the potential to transform computational protein design into a data-driven science.
A screen for peptide agonists of the G-CSF receptor (2011)

We conclude that larger coherent parts of the protein or dimerising peptides may be needed to achieve activation of the receptor.
HBT application prospects in the US: where and when? (2002)

A review is presented of the present status of III-V HBT technology in the US, in both laboratory and manufacturing contexts. A definition of the most important applications for HBTs is presented. An assessment is made of the future of the technology, drawing on experiences with other III-IV technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing the integrity of integrated GPS/INS systems by cycle slip detection and correction (2002)

Satellite navigation systems are widely used for high accuracy applications. Before the carrier phase observable can be utilized as the most accurate ranging information its inherent integer cycle ambiguity must be resolved. The algorithms for ambiguity resolution and carrier phase positioning rely on the ambiguities being constant. However, high dynamics, shadowing or multipath may cause so-called cycle slips which would deteriorate the accuracy if remained undetected. A new method was developed using an integrated system consisting of an inertial measurement unit and a differential GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor. With this method the integrity of cycle slip free carrier phase information is greatly enhanced which was demonstrated in driving tests.
Inorganic–Biomolecular Hybrid Nanomaterials as a Genetic Molecular Code System (2004)

A molecular-level coding method utilizing DNA base pairs as code units has been systemized. The system consists of four steps: encoding, encrypting, decrypting and decoding (see Figure), which are realized by tailor-made nanohybrids (DNA–layered double hydroxide (LDH) and polypyrrole–maghemite). The nanohybrids give solutions to the inherent problems which hamper DNA molecular code systems; stability in encrypting and rapidity in analysis. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2004/c0027_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A case-study of scoring schemes for the PvS-index (2005)

Recently we have proposed a new indexing method for high-dimensional data, the PvS-index. It provides fast query processing in constant time and is well suited for doing similarity search in Image Retrieval Systems using local descriptors. It is based on projecting data points onto random lines and uses this information to segment them into appropriately sized buckets, which can be read in just one I/O operation. After this preprocessing step the search queries just three buckets per query descriptor and uses a recent rank aggregation method, OMEDRANK, in order to provide good approximate results for the nearest neighbour problem.We have recently shown that PvS-indexing works well for large collections of real image data. In that work, however, we used a simple scoring scheme and collected few nearest neighbours for each query descriptor. In this study we examine how much the actual number of nearest neighbours, gathered for each local descriptor, influences the final query result, when searching a PvS-index. Based on the results we propose two new alternative scoring schemes, which improve the retrieval quality and stabilise the results, making the search less affected by the actual number of nearest neighbours accumulated.
Hyaluronan inhibits osteoclast differentiation via Toll-like receptor 4 (2006)

The differentiation of osteoclasts, cells specialized for bone resorption, is governed by two key factors, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important factor influencing cell fate. To date, little investigation on the relationship between ECM components and osteoclast differentiation has been documented. In this study, we uncovered a potent anti-osteoclastogenic effect of hyaluronan (HA), an ECM component present in bone marrow and soft connective tissues, in primary mouse and human osteoclast precursor cell cultures. The anti-osteoclastogenic function of HA was dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) but not on CD44. HA inhibited M-CSF-dependent signaling pathways involving Rac, reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases, resulting in suppression of transcription factors AP-1 and MITF that control RANK expression. Furthermore, in an in vivo mouse model of calvarial bone resorption assays HA reduced RANKL-induced bone erosion and osteoclastogenesis. Our results clearly show that HA inhibits osteoclast differentiation through TLR4 by interfering with M-CSF signaling, and point that the interaction between ECM components and innate immune receptors can play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism.
Unmarked gene deletion mutagenesis of kstD, encoding 3-ketosteroid Î1-dehydrogenase, in Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 using sacB as counter-selectable marker (2001)

This paper reports the first method for the construction of unmarked gene deletion mutants in the genus Rhodococcus. Unmarked deletion of the kstD gene, encoding 3-ketosteroid Delta1-dehydrogenase (KSTD1) in Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1, was achieved using the sacB counter-selection system. Conjugative mobilization of the mutagenic plasmid from Escherichia coli S17-1 to R. erythropolis strain SQ1 was used to avoid its random genomic integration. The kstD gene deletion mutant, designated strain RG1, still possessed about 10% of the KSTD enzyme activity of wild-type and was not affected in its ability to grow on the steroid substrates 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) and 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9OHAD). Biochemical evidence subsequently was obtained for the presence of a second KSTD enzyme (KSTD2) in R. erythropolis SQ1. UV mutants of strain RG1 unable to grow on AD were isolated. One of these mutants, strain RG1-UV29, had lost all KSTD enzyme activity and was also unable to grow on 9OHAD. It stoichiometrically converted AD into 9OHAD in concentrations as high as 20 g x l(-1). The two KSTD enzymes apparently both function in AD and 9OHAD catabolism. These isoenzymes have been inactivated in strain RG1 (KSTD1 negative) and strain RG1-UV29 (KSTD1 and KSTD2 negative), respectively.
The photic field (1981)

The Photic Field brings a formal elegance and completeness to the portion of geometrical optics that deals with amounts of radiant energy. Since the time of Lambert, this discipline has been handled piecemeal by a great variety of methods. But by utilizing the full potentialities of field theory, the book unifies the subject and forges a powerful tool for handling practical applications. Such applications include solar heating, lighting design, photographic exposure, and color specification.The pharosage vector is used throughout the book, and divergence, curl, and gradient are employed. Potentials and quasi-potentials are important, and contour integration allows a double integral to be replaced by a single integral. These and other aspects of field theory will allow the reader to solve photometric problems that were previously difficult to formulate.Many of the formulations in geometrical optics, although conceptually clear, are computationally unwieldy. As a result, researchers until quite recently have had to rely on a scattered collection of rules of thumb and approximation methods. But now, with the general availability of computer, exact solutions are within range, and thus many of the equations given in The Photic Field may be directly applied almost for the first time.
Nuclear Localization of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Using Single-Cell Capillary Electrophoresis Laser-Induced Fluorescence Analysis (2004)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are a family of enzymes whose function in specific aminoacylation of tRNAs is central to the process of protein translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells. In addition to their well-established cytoplasmic localization, fluorescence microscopy studies and analysis of the aminoacylation state of nuclear tRNAs have revealed that synthetases are localized in the nuclei of cells from several species including Xenopus laevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whether nuclear localization of aaRSs is a general phenomenon that occurs in all eukaryotic cells is an open question. In the work described here, human methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) were expressed in human-derived DeltaH2-1 osteosarcoma cells as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion proteins. The subcellular localization of these EGFP-aaRSs was first probed by fluorescence microscopy using cells that coexpressed EGFP-aaRS and a nuclear marker fusion protein, nuDsRed. As expected, both aaRSs were present in the cytosol, while only EGFP-MRS was also clearly localized in the nucleus. To confirm these findings, and to investigate a potentially more sensitive, general method for nuclear localization studies, capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection was used to analyze single DeltaH2-1 cells expressing both EGFP-aaRS and nuDsRed. While cytosolic EGFP signals were detected for both EGFP-MRS and EGFP-KRS, only EGFP-MRS was found in the nucleus, along with nuDsRed. The detection of EGFP-MRS in nuclei of DeltaH2-1 cells demonstrates the feasibility of using CE-LIF analysis in nuclear localization studies of proteins in mammalian cells.
Performance Improvement in Vertical Surface Tunneling Transistors by a Boron Surface Phase (2001)

The fabrication and characteristics of silicon tunneling transistors based on vertical metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gated pin-diodes are shown. In these devices the tunnel junction is formed between an influenced MOS-channel and an abrupt, ultra-highly doped boron layer. The ultra-high doping amount of about 2.6×10 14 cm -2 is achieved by the formation of a √3×√3-R30° boron surface phase. The tunneling transport and the influence of the boron surface phase on the transistor behavior is investigated. The transistor performance is characterized by a current gain between 3 and 5 orders of magnitude at a low supply voltage of -0.2 V with saturation behavior.
Effect of dislocation density on improved radiation hardening resistance of nano-structured tungsten–rhenium (2014)

Rolled tungsten 5 wt% rhenium sheet has been annealed to produce two microstructures. As received with a high dislocation density, measured using HR-EBSD, and pancake shaped grains with a thickness of ≈200 nm and annealed with equiaxed grains with average grain size of ≈90 µm and low dislocation density. Both materials were ion implanted with 2 MeV W+ ions to damage levels of 0.07, 0.4, 1.2 and 13 displacements per atom (dpa). Nanoindentation was used to measure change in hardness after implantations. While irradiation induced hardening is seen to saturate in the as received material at an increase of 0.4 GPa at 0.4 dpa, the relative hardness change is over four time higher in the annealed material (1.3 GPa) and saturation does not occur by 13 dpa. These differences in radiation response are due to the increased sinks for damage in the as received microstructure in the form of dislocation networks. This is advantageous for use of such nanostructured tungsten sheet in composite materials for structural applications as they will have improved radiation resistance as compared to bulk tungsten products. As well as showing the danger of using idealized microstructures for radiation damage studies.
High parallel variation Banyan network based permutation network for reconfigurable LDPC decoder (2010)

Permutation network plays an important role in the reconfigurable QC-LDPC decoder for most modern wireless communication systems with multiple code rates and various code lengths. In this paper, we propose the variation Banyan network (VBN) based permutation network architecture for the reconfigurable QC-LDPC decoders and give the control signal generating algorithm for cyclic shift. Through introducing the bypass network, we put forward the nonblocking scheme for any input number and shift number. In addition, the optimized VBN is proposed for WiMAX and WiFi standard, which can shift at most 4 groups of input data, and greatly reduce the hardware complexity. The synthesis results using the 90 nm technology demonstrate that the proposed permutation network can be implemented with the gate count of 18.3 k and the frequency of 600 MHz.
CO, NO, and H2Adsorption on Ceria-Supported Pd (1996)

We have examined the adsorption of CO, NO, and H2on modelPd/ceria catalysts, formed by vapor deposition of Pd metal ontoa flat, polycrystalline ceria support, using temperatureprogrammed desorption. For CO adsorption on freshly deposited Pdfilms, a substantial fraction of the CO reacts to CO2in TPD,between 450 and 550 K, indicating that oxygen from ceria can react with CO onPd. Prereduction of the catalyst by heating in CO or H2results inTPD curves which are virtually identical to that observed forPd/α-Al2O3(0001), suggesting that electronicinteractions between ceria and Pd have a negligible effect onthe adsorption properties. For NO, there are differences betweenPd/ceria and Pd/α-Al2O3(0001). Asignificantly higher fraction of the NO on Pd/ceria reactsto N2and N2O, and prereduction of thePd/ceria increases the amount of NO that can adsorb. Both ofthese results are interpreted as indicating that NO can adsorbon reduced ceria sites which are formed when lattice oxygen atthe Pd-ceria interface is transferred to the Pd. For H2, thedesorption curves are similar to that observed onPd/α-Al2O3(0001),except that the low-temperature feature assigned to the bulkhydride is less well resolved. If water is formed upon H2adsorption, it apparently readsorbs on the ceria. Theimplications of these results for reactions involving NO and COon Pd/ceria are discussed.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity by the gp41 Core: Role of a Conserved Hydrophobic Cavity in Membrane Fusion (1999)

The gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains an alpha-helical core structure responsible for mediating membrane fusion during viral entry. Recent studies suggest that a conserved hydrophobic cavity in the coiled coil of this core plays a distinctive structural role in maintaining the fusogenic conformation of the gp41 molecule. Here we investigated the importance of this cavity in determining the structure and biological activity of the gp41 core by using the N34(L6)C28 model. The high-resolution crystal structures of N34(L6)C28 of two HIV-1 gp41 fusion-defective mutants reveal that each mutant sequence is accommodated in the six-helix bundle structure by forming the cavity with different sets of atoms. Remarkably, the mutant N34(L6)C28 cores are highly effective inhibitors of HIV-1 infection, with 5- to 16-fold greater activity than the wild-type molecule. The enhanced inhibitory activity by fusion-defective mutations correlates with local structural perturbations close to the cavity that destabilize the six-helix bundle. Taken together, these results indicate that the conserved hydrophobic coiled-coil cavity in the gp41 core is critical for HIV-1 entry and its inhibition and provides a potential antiviral drug target.
Regularization of Wavelet Approximations (2001)

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce nonlinear regularized wavelet estimators for estimating nonparametric regression functions when sampling points are not uniformly spaced. The approach can apply readily to many other statistical contexts. Various new penalty functions are proposed. The hard-thresholding and soft-thresholding estimators of Donoho and Johnstone are specific members of nonlinear regularized wavelet estimators. They correspond to the lower and upper envelopes of a class of the penalized least squares estimators. Necessary conditions for penalty functions are given for regularized estimators to possess thresholding properties. Oracle inequalities and universal thresholding parameters are obtained for a large class of penalty functions. The sampling properties of nonlinear regularized wavelet estimators are established and are shown to be adaptively minimax. To efficiently solve penalized least squares problems, nonlinear regularized Sobolev interpolators (NRSI) are proposed as initial estimators, which are shown to have good sampling properties. The NRSI is further ameliorated by regularized one-step estimators, which are the one-step estimators of the penalized least squares problems using the NRSI as initial estimators. The graduated nonconvexity algorithm is also introduced to handle penalized least squares problems. The newly introduced approaches are illustrated by a few numerical examples.KEY WORDS: Asymptotic minimaxIrregular designsNonquadratic penality functionsOracle inequalitiesPenalized least-squaresROSEWavelets
Resource allocation for networked electronic warfare (2011)

In this work, we consider the challenge of designing an effective networked EW operation against a sophisticated adversary that uses different types of wireless triggers to detonate radio controlled improvised explosive devices. We assume that jamming power on a platform is limited, as a result the jammer can only selectively disrupt communications in certain frequency bands. Meanwhile, the adversary can employ different types of wireless triggers to evade jamming and maximize damage. We capture the interaction between the EW system and the adversary within a game theoretic framework to architect an efficient resource allocation scheme for the networked EW.
Composition, quality control and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of cumin (<i>Cuminum cyminum</i> L.) seeds from Bulgaria that had been stored for up to 36 years (2005)

Abstract The essential oil of seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) from Bulgaria stored for more than 35 years was analyzed by physicochemical methods, GC, GC-MS and olfactometry and its antimicrobial activity tested using different strains of microorganisms. More than sixty constituents of this cumin oil could be identified as essential volatiles, responsible for the pleasant fresh, clean, spicy (typical cumin-like) odour of a high quality product. Cumin aldehyde (36%), β-pinene (19.3%), p-cymene (18.4%) and γ-terpinene (15.3%) were the principal compounds found. Antimicrobial testing showed high activity of the essential C. cyminum oil against the mold Aspergillus niger, the Gram (+) bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.