gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-17 inhibitors. A new era in treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases (2016)

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease caused by the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Available therapeutic options include biologic drugs such as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and interleukin 12/23 (IL-12/23) inhibitors. The recent discovery of IL-17, which contributes to development of psoriasis, opened new possibilities for further treatment modalities. Currently, one anti-IL17 biological agent is approved for the treatment - a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17A (secukinumab). Further clinical trials, including a humanized IgG4 specific for IL-17 (ixekizumab) and a fully human antibody that targets the IL-17 receptor A (brodalumab).
TCP slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery algorithms (1996)

Modern implementations of TCP contain four intertwined algorithms that have never been fully documented as Internet standards: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery. [2] and [3] provide some details on these algorithms, [4] provides examples of the algorithms in action, and [5] provides the source code for the 4.4BSD implementation. RFC 1122 requires that a TCP must implement slow start and congestion avoidance (Section 4.2.2.15 of [1]), citing [2] as the reference, but fast retransmit and fast recovery were implemented after RFC 1122. The purpose of this document is to document these four algorithms for the Internet.
Recovering Camera Sensitivities using Target-based Reflectances Captured under multiple LED-Illuminations (2010)

This paper investigates the recovery of spectral camera sensitivities combining multiple captures of a spectrally measured target under different LED illuminants. This is especially attractive since novel computer controlled LEDbased viewing booths emerged on the market recently. The effective dimension of the producible spectral stimuli is higher compared to stimuli that are generated by using the same target but only a single illuminant. This allows a more accurate recovery of sensitivities. We estimate the camera sensitivities from the stimuli using a constrained maximum-a-posteriori approach that considers additional knowledge on the properties of camera sensitivities. Sensitivities of a six channel camera are recovered and show a good predicting performance if used to model camera responses.
Distribution in a Demand Driven Style (1998)

Abstract In this paper we present a model of distribution as a natural consequence of deterministic concurrency; a purely declarative form of concurrency that preserves referential transparency. This extends the demand driven model used as the operational basis of functional languages, into one with multiple independent demands without the need to allow non-determinism to appear at the user level. The abstract model of this distributed system uses a uniform access memory model in order to provide a global memory view. This, combined with explicit thread based concurrency and explicit representation of demand enables the trustable distribution of reactive systems across different systems. Since referential transparency is preserved, any pattern of distribution has no effect on the semantics of the functional program. Computation, including both code and data, can be moved in response to demand. This suggests itself as a natural approach to facilitate mobile computation both as a conceptual and operational model. 1 Introduction Distributed applications become more and more pervasive since they play a major role in the current trends of computing and represent a significant proportion of computer software. Such applications include the following classes as identified by Bal [2, 23]. ffl parallel and high-performance applications; ffl fault-tolerant applications and real-time systems; ffl distributed operating systems; ffl inherently distributed applications such as email and World Wide Web applications.
Evaluation of the ROSA™ Spine robot for minimally invasive surgical procedures (2016)

The ROSA® robot (Medtech, Montpellier, France) is a new medical device designed to assist the surgeon during minimally invasive spine procedures. The device comprises a patient-side cart (bearing the robotic arm and a workstation) and an optical navigation camera. The ROSA® Spine robot enables accurate pedicle screw placement. Thanks to its robotic arm and navigation abilities, the robot monitors movements of the spine throughout the entire surgical procedure and thus enables accurate, safe arthrodesis for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disc diseases, exactly as planned by the surgeon. Development perspectives include (i) assistance at all levels of the spine, (ii) improved planning abilities (virtualization of the entire surgical procedure) and (iii) use for almost any percutaneous spinal procedures not limited in screw positioning such as percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, intracorporeal implant positioning, over te top laminectomy or radiofrequency ablation.
Zinc Transporters, Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Utility: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in maintaining many biological processes and cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional zinc signaling is associated with a number of chronic disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Cellular homeostasis requires mechanisms that tightly control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of zinc transporters and metallothioneins. Evidence on the role of these proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is now emerging. Zinc plays a key role in the synthesis, secretion and action of insulin in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, recent studies highlight zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. This suggests that zinc plays an unidentified role as a novel second messenger that augments insulin activity. This previously unexplored concept would raise a whole new area of research into the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and introduce a new class of drug target with utility for diabetes pharmacotherapy.
PRESSURE-INJECTED LIME FOR TREATMENT OF SWELLING SOILS (1976)

The pressure-injected lime technique for treating swelling soils is described and evaluated. Basic mechanisms of soil-lime reactions and pressure-injected lime are considered, and the effects of treatments with pressure-injected lime are discussed. Typical field experiences with pressure-injected lime are summarized, and the factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of the technique are identified. There are conflicting reports concerning the effectiveness of pressure-injected lime treatment of expansive soils. The condition most favoring the achievement of successful pressure-injected lime treatment of expansive soils is the presence of an extensive fissure and crack network into which the lime slurry can be successfully injected. The proposed treatment mechanisms (prewetting, development of soil-lime moisture barriers, and effective swell restraint with the formation of limited quantities of soil-lime reaction products) have validity. The relative significance of the prewetting and soil-lime pozzolanic reaction aspects of pressure-injected lime treatment has not been established. The various statements and reports in the literature and the information presented in the paper suggest that pressure-injected lime may not be effective under all circumstances but that in appropriate conditions it can be satisfactorily and economically used. It is indicated that appropriate guidelines and principles should be developed for evaluating (on a site-by-site basis) the potential effectiveness of pressure-injected lime treatment.
Protective Effect of Astragali Radix by Intraperitoneal Injection against Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mice. (1996)

We examined the protective effect of Astragali Radix extracts (AE) by intraperitoneal injection against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mice. A protective effect was observed by all four samples of AE used. However, the degree of effectiveness for each AE was different. The observed survival rates of the groups injected with sample A (from Shanhsi, Japanese name Sansei-syo) and sample D (from Hokkaido) extracts were higher than 80% at 21 d after JEV inoculation. The groups injected with sample B (from Hopei, Japanese name Kahoku-syo) and sample C (from Hsiahsi, Japanese name Sensei-syo) extracts had a 60% survival rate. The increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer was negligible in mice that survived 21 d after JEV inoculation. The antiviral effect of AE was examined by plaque assay in vitro, but no antiviral effect was shown. In mice injected with AE, the peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) numbers increased significantly, compared to the control. In these PEC, active oxygen production was also high. Also the group as a whole displayed a high survival rate against JEV infection, these were so strong. From these results, we propose that the protective effect of AE is dependent on a non-specific mechanism during the early stage of infection, before it shifts to antibody production, and that PEC plays an important role.
An intelligent fiber optic transmission system with internal switching capabilities (2003)

The authors describe NEC's approach for implementing the SONET concept in an intelligent transport system for the 1990s. The system is designed to provide a bridge from the conventional asynchronous system to the SONET system. It also features a small-capacity cross-connection function, so that flexible adding/dropping and automatic line protection can be achieved without any other external modules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined use of anti-ErbB monoclonal antibodies and erlotinib enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of wild-type erlotinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines (2012)

Our results indicate that erlotinib increases surface expression of EGFR and/or HER2 only in EGFR-TKI sensitive NSCLC cell lines and, in turns, leads to increased susceptibility to ADCC both in vitro and in a xenograft models. The combination of erlotinib with monoclonal antibodies represents a potential strategy to improve the treatment of wild-type EGFR NSCLC patients sensitive to erlotinib.
Analysis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of putative human papillomavirus types (2013)

More than 170 human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been completely sequenced, curated and divided into five genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, Gammapapillomavirus, Mupapillomavirus and Nupapillomavirus. With the application of PCR methods, hundreds of putative novel HPV types have been identified as PCR amplicons in mucosa and skin. However, at present there are no studies reporting a systematic search of the currently known L1 amplicons and their phylogenetic relationships. This survey revealed the existence of at least 202 different putative HPV types that are pending for full-genome characterization: five alphapapillomaviruses, 37 betapapillomaviruses, 159 gammapapillomaviruses and one mupapillomavirus. All potential viruses of the genera Alphapapillomavirus and Betapapillomavirus were grouped in the defined species, while 59 putative gammapapillomaviruses types were segregated in 21 unidentified putative species. These data highlight the need for progress in the identification of additional taxa of the family Papillomaviridae in order to elucidate the diversity, evolution and medical implications of these viruses.
Display. Special Contribution from Asia Display/IDW'01. Calibration of LCD Colorimetry Considering Channel Interaction. (2002)

We describe a display calibration model that is suitable for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). In conventional display calibration models, the spectral radiance of light emitted from the display is estimated using the data measured for each primary color based on the assumption of RGB channel additivity, however, this assumption does not hold for LCDs. With only a few measurements of the spectral radiance or tristimulus values, the proposed model accurately approximates the colorimetric characteristics of the display. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model, we used it to measure the RGB primary colors, the CMYK secondary and the tertiary colors. The colors were analyzed based on principal component analysis to identify the effect of channel interaction. The proposed model was found to be more effective than conventional models for the colorimetry of LCDs.
Process analytical technology (PAT) for biopharmaceuticals (2011)

Process analytical technology (PAT), the regulatory initiative for building in quality to pharmaceutical manufacturing, has a great potential for improving biopharmaceutical production.The recommended analytical tools for building in quality, multivariate data analysis, mechanistic modeling, novel models for interpretation of systems biology data and new sensor technologies for cellular states, are instrumental in exploiting this potential. Industrial biopharmaceutical production has gradually become dependent on large-scale processes using sensitive mammalian cell cultures. This further emphasizes the need for improved PAT solutions. We summarize recent progress in this area based on an expert workshop held at the 8 th European Symposium on Biochemical Engineering Sciences (Bologna, 2010), and highlight new opportunities for exploiting PAT when applied in biopharmaceutical production. We conclude with recommendations for advancing PAT applications in the biopharmaceutical industry.
Insect Cell Extract Preparation by the Nitrogen Disruption Method for Cell-Free Translation (2000)

Ainsect(exracS fr celfreeraRSawas prepared usaBob ce1 (srPiochambr a u(e devicehich(srs b()9icaaerdS by aerhe pressure ntheseerialS Thehespoenexract fbr cett-free transaton was prepared f the cell suspension at a deRsiy of 10108 cellsmi then disrupted at a nitregen pressure of 10 kgcma Furthermore synthesized proteins were stable in this extract but were degraded by proteaseahxtract prepared with a Potter-Elvenjem homogerrizer The insect cen extract showed efficient activity for translation of protein 2a axxd coat protein of the brome mosaic virus while inefficiently translating protein l a and protein 3a On the other hand mainly protein 3a and coat protein were translated in a wheat genm system while mainly proteins 2a and 3a were translated in a rabbit reticulocyte systern The insect cell-free system appears to possess an unusual property for enhancing translation of exogenous rnRNA making it differeRt from the rabbit riculocyte and wheat gesystems have steadily increased (MadiR et al 2000 Kawarasaki et ag 1995 Nakano et ag 1994 K 1996)1ghiss(ttcowihvophe Laboratory of Microbial Geneties Technelogy
High-power distributed-feedback tapered master-oscillator power amplifiers emitting at 1064 nm (2010)

In this work, we investigate experimentally optimized monolithic distributed-feedback (DFB) tapered master-oscillator power amplifiers (MOPA). The devices consist of three autonomously driven sections: a 1 mm long DFB ridgewaveguide (RW) laser, a 1 mm long RW pre-amplifier and 2 mm or 4 mm long tapered amplifiers. The ridge width and the full taper angle are 5 μm and 6°, respectively. Both laser facets are anti-reflection coated. The second order Bragg gratings in the DFB laser were realized by holographic photolithography, wet-chemical etching and a two-step epitaxy. The DFB tapered MOPAs emit nearly diffraction limited spectral single mode CW radiation at 1064 nm. The 6 mm long devices provide an optical power of about 12 W at DFB laser, pre-amplifier and tapered amplifier currents of 150 mA, 400 mA and 18 A, respectively. The 4 mm long devices generate more than 4 W at a tapered amplifier current of 7 A. The spectral drift versus output power is below 50 pm/W.
Quantum Phase Transition of a Magnet in a Spin Bath (2005)

The excitation spectrum of a model magnetic system, LiHoF4, was studied with the use of neutron spectroscopy as the system was tuned to its quantum critical point by an applied magnetic field. The electronic mode softening expected for a quantum phase transition was forestalled by hyperfine coupling to the nuclear spins. We found that interactions with the nuclear spin bath controlled the length scale over which the excitations could be entangled. This generic result places a limit on our ability to observe intrinsic electronic quantum criticality.
PHOTOINITIATION SYSTEMS COMPRISED OF DYES AND RADICAL PRECURSORS (1988)

Photoinitiation systems were investigated to obtain visible light sensitive photopolymerizable composition with high sensitivity to be applied to the argon laser scanning imaging systems. Each of thioxanthene dye (Dye-1), coumarin dye (Dye-2) and merocyanine dye (Dye-3) was combined with various amounts of diphenyl iodonium cloride (DPI) and/or N-phenylglycine (N-PhG) as the radical precursors to form the photoinitiation systems. A layer of the mixture of a photoinitiation system, polyfunctional acrylic monomer and acrylic polymer was applied on an aluminium plate to prepare a test plate for evaluation. In orders to eliminate inhibition of polymerization by oxygen, a poly- (vinyl alcohol) layer was applied on the top of the test plate. The sensitivity of the test plates containing initiation systems of dye/DPI/N-PhG were approximately five times as high as those containing dye/DPI or dye/N-PhG in every kind of dye. The same tendency was observed in image formation with an argon laser scanning imaging system using Dye-1-containing test plates. The minimum energy required to form gel of the Dye-1, Dye-2 and Dye- 3-containing system were 0.3, 0.2 and 1.7mJ/cm2 respectively.
PhyCode: A Practical Wireless Communication System Exploiting Superimposed Signals (2019)

Superimposed signals are anticipated to improve wireless spectrum efficiency to support the ever-growing IoT applications. Implementing the superimposed signal demands on ideally aligned signals in both the time and frequency domains. Prior work applied an average carrier-frequency offset compensation to the superimposed signal under the assumptions of homogeneous devices and static environments. However, this will cause a significant signal distortion in practice when heterogeneous IoT devices are involved in a dynamic environment. This paper presents PhyCode, which exploits the nature of varying offsets across devices, and designs a dynamic decoding scheme which can react to the exact offsets from different signal sources simultaneously. We implement PhyCode via a software-defined radio platform and demonstrate that PhyCode achieves a lower raw BER compared with the existing state-of-the-art method.
Towards Explainability of UAV-Based Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Classification (2018)

f autonomous systems using trust and trustworthiness is the focus of Autonomy Teaming and TRAjectories for Complex Trusted Operational Reliability (ATTRACTOR), a new NASA Convergent Aeronautical Solutions (CAS) Project. One critical research element of ATTRACTOR is explainability of the decision-making across relevant subsystems of an autonomous system. The ability to explain why an autonomous system makes a decision is needed to establish a basis of trustworthiness to safely complete a mission. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are popular visual object classifiers that have achieved high levels of classification performances without clear insight into the mechanisms of the internal layers and features. To explore the explainability of the internal components of CNNs, we reviewed three feature visualization methods in a layer-by-layer approach using aviation related images as inputs. Our approach to this is to analyze the key components of a classification event in order to generate component labels for features of the classified image at different layers of depths. For example, an airplane has wings, engines, and landing gear. These could possibly be identified somewhere in the hidden layers from the classification and these descriptive labels could be provided to a human or machine teammate while conducting a shared mission and to engender trust. Each descriptive feature may also be decomposed to a combination of primitives such as shapes and lines. We expect that knowing the combination of shapes and parts that create a classification will enable trust in the system and insight into creating better structures for the CNN.
Prosody generation in text-to-speech conversion using dependency graphs (2002)

Addresses the problem of prosody assignment in the context of a system for text-to-speech conversion of Swedish. The question of what type of textual analysis is needed for prosodic purposes is discussed and the use of dependency graphs to this end is proposed. It is argued that this type of analysis provides sufficient syntactic information so that prosodic phrasing and prominence assignment algorithms can be successfully applied. The ability of the system to generate acceptable prosodic descriptions is evaluated by comparison with examples of prosodically analysed naturally spoken sentences.
Characterization and Comprehensive Proteome Profiling of Exosomes Secreted by Hepatocytes (2008)

Exosomes represent a discrete population of vesicles that are secreted from various cell types to the extracellular media. Their protein and lipid composition are a consequence of sorting events at the level of the multivesicular body, a central organelle which integrates endocytic and secretory pathways. Characterization of exosomes from different biological samples has shown the presence of common as well as cell-type specific proteins. Remarkably, the protein content of the exosomes is modified upon pathological or stress conditions. Hepatocytes play a central role in the body response to stress metabolizing potentially harmful endogenous substances as well as xenobiotics. In the present study, we described and characterized for the first time exosome secretion in nontumoral hepatocytes, and with the use of a systematic proteomic approach, we establish the first extensive proteome of a hepatocyte-derived exosome population which should be useful in furthering our understanding of the hepatic function and in the identification of components that may serve as biomarkers for hepatic alterations. Our analysis identifies a significant number of proteins previously described among exosomes derived from others cell types as well as proteins involved in metabolizing lipoproteins, endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, not previously described in exosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exosomal membrane proteins can constitute an interesting tool to express nonexosomal proteins into exosomes with therapeutic purposes.
Index of Refraction of ZnO (1968)

Measurements of the refractive indices of ZnO single crystals are extended from room down to liquid-helium temperatures in the region between the absorption edge and 5500 Å for E⊥C and E∥C. The indices are calculated from the locations of interference maxima in transmission spectra caused by multiple reflections in thin (0.4–80 μ), plane-parallel platelets. The dispersion curves at room temperature are similar to those reported by Mollwo, but they are extended to include the optical isotropic point. At energies near absorption edge n∥&lt;n⊥, while in the long wavelength region n∥&gt;n⊥, as is found in other II-VI materials of the wurtzite symmetry. The isotropic point and its variation with temperature was also determined by birefringence measurements.