gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foster child health care supervision policy. (1987)

Foster children represent a high-risk group for physical, emotional, and social health problems, yet few federal or state policies explicitly address foster child health. This article reviews foster child health and the legal background for policy, then discusses components of a comprehensive health care supervision program.
THE EXTERNAL MALE GENITALIA OF SOME RHYNCHOPHORA (1947)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
TSV Extracted Equivalent Circuit Model and an On-Chip Test Solution (2015)

Through silicon via (TSV) is the enabling technology for 3-D integrated circuit (IC) realization. To develop manufacturing tests for 3-D ICs, TSV has to be accurately modeled. Analytical methods are commonly used to develop circuit models for TSVs. These models are often difficult to develop and require some assumptions to simplify the problem. This paper presents a new method utilizing computer-aided design tools to extract circuit models for prebond and postbond TSVs. It is shown how the effects of common TSV parametric and catastrophic faults such as pinholes, voids, and open circuits affect TSV circuit models through 3-D full-wave simulations. It is also shown that the substrate conductivity has a considerable effect on the TSV fault characterization. The extracted models indicate that even a relatively large void does not alter the TSV characteristic parameters and thus voids remain largely undetected with conventional test solutions. An on-chip circuit, utilizing a delay-locked loop is presented as a test solution to detect TSV parametric faults.
An automated system for determining the number of occupants within moving road vehicles (2008)

A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The system is a unique and complete solution to real-time vehicle occupancy monitoring; capable of detecting individuals of any ethnic origin; Works on all vehicle types providing optical access is given; capable of discriminating individuals from elaborately disguised dummies or animals; provides the basis for automatic traffic occupancy determination, which can be customised for local requirements ANPR, contextual imaging, triggering from road loops or synchronisation of other systems are all easily integrated; and multiple context cameras can be used for vehicles with forward and rear facing seats. (28 pages)
Nucleotide sequence, transcript mapping, and regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)

We determined the nucleotide sequence, mapped the 5' and 3' mRNA termini, and examined the regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A long open reading frame within the RAD2 transcribed region encodes a protein of 1,031 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 117,847. A disruption of the RAD2 gene that deletes the 78 carboxyl terminal codons results in loss of RAD2 function. The 5' ends of RAD2 mRNA show considerable heterogeneity, mapping 5 to 62 nucleotides upstream of the first ATG codon of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The longest RAD2 transcripts also contain a short open reading frame of 37 codons that precedes and overlaps the 5' end of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The RAD2 3' mRNA end maps 171 nucleotides downstream of the TAA termination codon and 20 nucleotides downstream from a 12-base-pair inverted repeat that might function in transcript termination. Northern blot analysis showed a ninefold increase in steady-state levels of RAD2 mRNA after treatment of yeast cells with UV light. The 5' flanking region of the RAD2 gene contains several direct and inverted repeats and a 44-nucleotide-long purine-rich tract. The sequence T G G A G G C A T T A A found at position -167 to -156 in the RAD2 gene is similar to a sequence present in the 5' flanking regions of the RAD7 and RAD10 genes.
Observation of the time-reversed replica of a monochromatic optical wave (1978)

We have generated, essentially instantaneously, a time-reversed (TR) replica (phase conjugate) of a monochromatic optical wave (at 6943 Å). Replication occurred through an interaction with a standing pump wave (at the same frequency) mediated by the instantaneous nonlinear refractive index of liquid CS2. The power in the TR replica could be made up to half that in the beam being replicated before other nonlinear effects intervened.
Building Low-maintenance Expressways for P2P Systems (2002)

Recent P2P systems, represented by Oceanstore and PAST, offer an administration-free and fault-tolerant storage utility. Nodes in these systems collectively contribute towards a storage space, in a self-organizing fashion. While elegant from a theoretical perspective, they can be improved in three important areas: (i) low maintenance cost; (ii) the ability to make discriminative use of the nodes in the system that has different capacity and resource constraints; (iii) the ability to adapt to the underlying network conditions and the applications&apos; needs. In this
Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1963)

Osteoporosis is recognised as a common complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with two characteristic patterns--juxta-articular and generalized bone loss. Increasingly sophisticated means of measuring bone turnover and identifying inflammatory mediators which affect bone resorption have enhanced our understanding of the disease process. The aetiology is multifactorial, involving disease-specific and general factors, but the relative importance of the various risks remains uncertain. The evidence for a protective role for oestrogens and the detrimental effect of low dose corticosteroids will be discussed. Biochemical assessment of bone loss lacks sensitivity and specificity, but the rapid improvement in radiological techniques for measuring bone mineral density have improved our ability to diagnose and assess disease progression. The diagnosis and treatment of specific risk factors, such as testosterone or vitamin D deficiency, may be helpful in a few patients, but the ultimate aim must be the early diagnosis and prevention of this potentially catastrophic complication.
SYNTHESIS OF <i>o</i>-ETHYNYLBENZALDEHYDE AND AN APPROACH TO DIBENZO[18]ANNULENE (1972)

Abstract A convenient synthesis of o-ethynylbenzaldehyde (VIII) has been developed. An approach to dibenzo[18]annulene from VIII has also been described.
Interference between two orthogonally polarized modes traversing a highly birefringent air-silica microstructure fiber (2005)

Highly birefringent fibers can be used as polarization-maintaining fiber in interferometer fiber optic gyros and in pressure sensors. Interference between two orthogonally polarized modes traversing a highly birefringent air-silica microstructure fiber is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory includes the effect of the dispersive nature of the modal birefringence of highly birefringent fiber. Measurements are conducted using super luminescent diodes operating at the center wavelengths of 846 and 973 nm with spectral half-widths of 7.4 and 8.1 nm, respectively, and a 9-m highly birefringent fiber. Experiments yield interference fringe visibility V values of 0.4-0.5, even when the effective optical path difference between the two modes is zero. The theory well explains the temporal coherence properties of dispersively propagating waves with regard to both the magnitude of V and the shape of the coherence curve for the highly birefringent fiber. A comparison of the results from a standard single-mode fiber and from an air-silica microstructure fiber with modal birefringence of 3.2/spl times/10/sup -6/ at 973 nm is made that addresses temporal coherence. The loss of temporal coherence can be ignored if the fiber has small birefringence. Furthermore, the detection sensitivity of a distributed fiber-optic pressure sensor is measured in order to characterize the temporal coherence response. The results reveal that, in fiber-optic sensors that depend on the interference between the two modes, interference signal sensitivity decreases as the chromatic dispersion difference between the two mode increases.
Development and characterisation of phosphate glasses for athermalisation (2004)

Lightwave devices such as gratings have a drawback where the central wavelength of the devices is sensitive to changes in temperature, which compromises their performance. This problem is particularly acute in systems that employ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), where the stability of wavelength with regards to temperature is essential. An athermal waveguide, which is inherently insensitive to temperature, is an ideal choice to solve this problem instead of using a passive temperature control unit, which could limit the optimum performance of a WDM system. \n\nGenerally, athermal glasses must exhibit negative refractive index change with temperature (dn/dT) to counter the effect of thermal expansion. Phosphate glasses are ideal candidates for athermalisation as they exhibit negative dn/dT. An interferometer set-up has been constructed to specifically measure dn/dT of the glasses. \n\nThree different phosphate glass families were prepared and characterised in terms of their optical and thermal properties. The properties of the potassium aluminophosphate glasses were strongly influenced by the strengthening effect of Al3+, the trend observed for the binary phosphate glasses depended on the availability of terminal oxygens to coordinate the cations while the change in the properties of borophosphate glasses depended on the effect and coordination number of B3+. Glasses with negative dn/dT have been achieved from the various compositions of glasses studied. The results showed that there was a minimum thermal expansion coefficient (α) for each glass system, beyond which α would overcome the effect of polarisability change with temperature so that the glasses exhibited negative dn/dT. Semi-empirical equations linking dn/dT and α have been defined, enabling the estimation of dn/dT of any glass within the same system. This research work represents the first comprehensive measurement of dn/dT of phosphate glasses. \n\nBoth fibre and planar waveguides were fabricated. Extrusion was used to prepare the preform for fibre drawing. The extrusion process used a two-die assembly to extrude dissimilar glasses, and is the first demonstration of its kind. The spin-coating process was used to deposit layers of glass on glass substrates to produce planar structures. The success of the extrusion and spin-coating work showed that these processes could be used for combinations of glasses with dissimilar thermal properties. Femtosecond writing was investigated on the phosphate glasses and channel waveguides have been successfully defined.
The Rationale, Efficacy and Safety of Androgen Therapy in Older Men: Future Research and Current Practice Recommendations (2004)

Epidemiological studies indicate that normal male aging is associated with a gradual and variable decline in blood testosterone concentrations and unfavorable changes in muscle, bone, and fat that mimic those of androgen deficiency in young men. These age-related reductions in muscle and bone mass and increased fat mass may be responsible for other age-related changes, including decreased muscle strength and physical function, changes in metabolic function, and increased falls, fractures, and disability. Whether age-related relative androgen deficiency truly causes any of these features requires interventional studies specifically in older men, because aged tissues may not remain androgen sensitive nor is such treatment necessarily safe. A Medline search (years 1966 through January 2004, using search terms random and androgen), supplemented by subsequent reference searches of retrieved articles, identified randomized placebo-controlled studies of androgen therapy. These studies show that androgen replacement in older men increases muscle and reduces fat mass to a small degree, but to date has not improved muscle strength, physical function, or insulin sensitivity, nor does it convincingly improve bone density, although the latter effect is particularly dose responsive. However, idiosyncratic adverse effects, such as disordered sleep and breathing as well as polycythemia, are also dose responsive, suggesting that dose escalation to increase efficacy may create or aggravate undesirable side effects. Furthermore, the clinical safety of androgen therapy for cardiovascular and prostatic disease is uncertain. Under these circumstances, androgen supplementation is not recommended in healthy older men. However, interim recommendations are available to help guide appropriate and curb unnecessary androgen prescription for symptomatic older men with low serum testosterone levels.
Sensing Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Grown in MW Plasma Torch: Electronic and Electrochemical Behavior, Gas Sensing, Field Emission, IR Absorption (2015)

Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) with an average diameter below 80 nm and a thickness of the uniform VA-MWCNT layer of about 16 µm were grown in microwave plasma torch and tested for selected functional properties. IR absorption important for a construction of bolometers was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Basic electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry. Comparing the obtained results with the standard or MWCNT‑modified screen-printed electrodes, the prepared VA-MWCNT electrodes indicated their high potential for the construction of electrochemical sensors. Resistive CNT gas sensor revealed a good sensitivity to ammonia taking into account room temperature operation. Field emission detected from CNTs was suitable for the pressure sensing application based on the measurement of emission current in the diode structure with bending diaphragm. The advantages of microwave plasma torch growth of CNTs, i.e., fast processing and versatility of the process, can be therefore fully exploited for the integration of surface-bound grown CNTs into various sensing structures.
A self-starting hybrid optoelectronic oscillator generating ultra low jitter 10-GHz optical pulses and low phase noise electrical signals (2002)

We describe a self-starting optical pulse source generating ultra low noise 15-ps-wide pulses at 10 GHz. It is based on a hybrid optoelectronic oscillator comprising a fiber extended cavity mode-locked diode laser which injection locks a self-oscillating heterojunction bipolar phototransistor. Average jitter levels of 40-43 fs and an amplitude noise of 0.1-0.15% over a frequency range of 500 Hz-15 kHz or 500 Hz-1 MHz were obtained, respectively. The noise is slightly larger, a 57-fs jitter and 0.2% amplitude noise, for a frequency range of 100 Hz-1 MHz. A 10-GHz electrical signal with a low phase noise (-108 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset from the carrier) is also generated.
Simple and Efficient Multiple Kernel Learning by Group Lasso (2010)

We consider the problem of how to improve the efficiency of Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL). In literature, MKL is often solved by an alternating approach: (1) the minimization of the kernel weights is solved by compli-cated techniques, such as Semi-infinite Lin-ear Programming, Gradient Descent, or Level method; (2) the maximization of SVM dual variables can be solved by standard SVM solvers. However, the minimization step in these methods is usually dependent on its solving techniques or commercial softwares, which therefore limits the efficiency and ap-plicability. In this paper, we formulate a closed-form solution for optimizing the ker-nel weights based on the equivalence between group-lasso and MKL. Although this equiva-lence is not our invention, our derived variant equivalence not only leads to an efficient algo-rithm for MKL, but also generalizes to the case for Lp-MKL (p ≥ 1 and denoting the Lp-norm of kernel weights). Therefore, our proposed al-gorithm provides a unified solution for the en-tire family of Lp-MKL models. Experiments on multiple data sets show the promising per-formance of the proposed technique compared with other competitive methods. 1.
Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch (2011)

Electron vortex beams were only recently discovered and their potential as a probe for magnetism in materials was shown. Here we demonstrate a method to produce electron vortex beams with a diameter of less than 1.2 Å. This unique way to prepare free electrons to a state resembling atomic orbitals is fascinating from a fundamental physics point of view and opens the road for magnetic mapping with atomic resolution in an electron microscope.
Structural remodeling in hypertensive heart disease and the role of hormones. (1994)

In hypertension, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, is increased in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Morphological studies suggest that it is not the quantity but rather the quality, or structure, of myocardium that confers such risk. Iterations in tissue structure that appear in hypertensive heart disease include a remodeling of intramyocardial coronary arterioles, similar to that found in systemic organs, and a disproportionate accumulation of fibrillar collagen within their adventitia and neighboring interstitial space. Microscopic scars replacing necrotic cardiac myocytes are also evident. These expressions of fibrosis appear in the normotensive, nonhypertrophied right and hypertensive, hypertrophied left ventricles and are linked to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Cardiac myocyte growth, the major determinant of myocardial mass, is related to ventricular loading. Mechanisms responsible for the reactive and reparative fibrosis with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation are under investigation. In vitro quantitative autoradiography has identified angiotensin II, aldosterone, endothelin, and bradykinin receptors in the myocardium. A nonendothelial tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme, whose binding density is marked in the matrix of heart valves, adventitia, and sites of fibrosis, irrespective of its pathogenic basis, has also been found. This angiotensin-converting enzyme may be responsible for regulating local concentrations of angiotensin II and bradykinin that govern fibroblast collagen turnover. Based on a paradigm of discordant reciprocal regulation, in which a relative abundance of stimulators (eg, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelins) of collagen synthesis exceeds inhibitors (eg, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and glucocorticoids), fibrous tissue appears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alternative Smart-cut-like process for ultra-thin SOI fabrication (2003)

We describe for the first time a layer transfer caused by delamination along the hydrogen platelet layer formed by RF plasma hydrogenation at a place of end-of-range defects. The process involves first creating a buried trap layer using variously silicon, or argon implantation. Wafers thus processed with an initial implant to levels below 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ are then hydrogenated with RF plasma. Next steps include pre-bonding, cleavage, and post-bonding as in the Smart-cut process. The cleavage occurs at a depth corresponding to the maximum of vacancy-enriched defects (between R/sub p//2 and R/sub p/). Plasma hydrogenation may be used as a step in the process of fabricating thin SOI wafers.
Inactivation of the <i>sapA</i> to <i>sapF</i> Locus of <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> Reveals Common Features in Plant and Animal Bacterial Pathogenesis (1998)

We investigated the role in pathogenesis of bacterial resistance to plant antimicrobial peptides. The sapA to sapF (for sensitive to antimicrobial peptides) operon from the pathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi has been characterized. It has five open reading frames that are closely related (71% overall amino acid identity) and are in the same order as those of the sapA to sapF operon from Salmonella typhimurium. An E. chrysanthemi sap mutant strain was constructed by marker exchange. This mutant was more sensitive than was the wild type to wheat alpha-thionin and to snakin-1, which is the most abundant antimicrobial peptide from potato tubers. This mutant was also less virulent than was the wild-type strain in potato tubers: lesion area was 37% that of the control, and growth rate was two orders of magnitude lower. These results indicate that the interaction of antimicrobial peptides from the host with the sapA to sapF operon from the pathogen plays a similar role in animal and in plant bacterial pathogenesis.
Micromachined Thick Mesh Filters for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications (2014)

This paper presents several freestanding bandpass mesh filters fabricated using an SU-8-based micromachining technique. The important geometric feature of the filters, which SU8 is able to increase, is the thickness of the cross-shaped micromachined slots. This is five times its width. This thickness offers an extra degree of control over the resonance characteristics. The large thickness not only strengthens the structures, but also enhances the resonance quality factor ( Q-factor). A 0.3-mm-thick, single-layer, mesh filter resonant at 300 GHz has been designed and fabricated and its performance verified. The measured Q-factor is 16.3 and the insertion loss is 0.98 dB. Two multi-layer filter structures have also been demonstrated. The first one is a stacked structure of two single mesh filters producing a double thickness, which achieved a further increased Q-factor of 27. This is over six times higher than a thin mesh filter. The second multilayer filter is an electromagnetically coupled structure forming a two-pole filter. The coupling characteristics are discussed based on experimental and simulation results. These thick mesh filters can potentially be used for sensing and material characterization at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies.
Dietary factors and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly. (2007)

Dietary intake of cheese is associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment, with a dose-response effect, while intake of dessert is associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Possible reasons for a potential protective effect of cheese ingestion are discussed.
Curved microstrip lines as compact wideband circularly polarised antennas (1979)

A new technique for the inherent generation of circular polarisation from compact microstrip antennas is described, based on radiation from curved microstrip transmission lines supporting a single travelling wave. The radiation is analysed in terms of effective magnetic current sources to give an estimate of the decay coefficient of the wave, which is found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment. Good characteristics are obtained from both circular and spiral antennas, with a useable bandwidth of up to 40% being available at 10 GHz for an average efficiency of 50%, owing to power absorbed in the line termination. The advantages obtained over conventional microstrip circular-polarised antennas are the avoidance of band-width limitations owing to resonant matching and the elimination of feed networks to produce circular polarisation.
Face detection and its applications in intelligent and focused image retrieval (2003)

This paper presents a face detection technique and its applications in image retrieval. Even though this face detection method has relatively high false positives and a low detection rate (as compared with the dedicated face detection systems in the literature of image understanding), because of its simple and fast nature, it has been shown that this system may be well applied in image retrieval in certain focused application domains. Two application examples are given: one combining face detection with indexed collateral text for image retrieval regarding human beings, and the other combining face detection with conventional similarity matching techniques for image retrieval with similar background. Experimental results show that our proposed approaches have significantly improved image retrieval precision over existing search engines in these focused application domains.