gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer: evidence to date and place in therapy (2017)

Breast cancer is a classical hormone-dependent tumour; therefore, endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Until recently, classical endocrine agents such as tamoxifen, steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant have been widely used in postmenopausal patients to treat locally advanced or metastatic disease. However, for patients with this subtype of breast cancer, the landscape of endocrine therapy is rapidly changing. Therapies targeting oestrogen modulation have evolved in recent years following the introduction of targeted agents, mTOR and CDK 4/6 inhibitors that are administered in combination with hormone therapy. As a result, options for endocrine therapy have expanded in recent years, and a variety of single-agent or combinations of targeted drugs and endocrine therapies are accepted. Fulvestrant is a selective oestrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) which was introduced to clinical practice in 2002, initially with the indication to treat postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer as second-line therapy postdisease progression after aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen. Additionally, fulvestrant has also been shown to be active in patients previously untreated with endocrine therapy, either both in the neoadjuvant and the metastatic setting, alone or in combination with other targeted therapies. Currently, the standard dose is 500 mg, which is administered with a loading dose. Fulvestrant received a new FDA indication in December 2016, in combination with palbociclib, both in pre/peri/postmenopausal women with breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy. This manuscript aims to give an overview of new efficacy data and the current role of fulvestrant in the systemic therapy of hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, in the context of other available therapeutic modalities.
Excitonic line broadening in PbSrSe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2002)

Pb 1−x Sr x Se thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated by x-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements with the Sr composition as high as 0.276. Temperature and composition dependent excitonic line broadening effects in PbSrSe thin films have been studied on the basis of the proposed theoretical models and the experimentally obtained lattice constant, excitonic energy gap and effective mass as a function of the alloy composition. The exciton-longitudinal optical phonon coupling model has been employed successfully for PbSrSe with a coupling strength of 51.0 meV, which can be well explained by the proposed theoretical approach. The lattice deformation may have played a key role in the composition dependent broadening in PbSrSe at low temperature, rather than the normally observed alloy disorder effect in III–V and II–VI semiconductor materials.
Phorbol ester induction of 8-lipoxygenase in inbred SENCAR (SSIN) but not C57BL/6J mice correlated with hyperplasia, edema, and oxidant generation but not ornithine decarboxylase induction. (1988)

Several responses suggested to be critical components of phorbol ester tumor promotion were compared in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion-sensitive SSIN and TPA promotion-resistant C57BL/6J mice. SSIN mice treated topically with 2 micrograms of TPA showed extensive hyperplasia accompanied by edema, measured as a 26% increase in water content of the skin. Only a very slight hyperplasia and 7% increased water content occurred after TPA treatment of C57BL/6J mice. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase was determined to be the same both in vivo and in vitro for SSIN and C57BL/6J mice, which does not correlate with the histological observations. Because hyperplasia and inflammation can be mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites, it was hypothesized that differences in this metabolic pathway would correlate with the histological responses. No significant qualitative or quantitative differences, however, were observed in the profiles of the major cyclooxygenase products between the strains of mice. Prostaglandin E2, the principal prostaglandin, was synthesized at a 3-fold greater level than prostaglandins D2 or F2 alpha in response to TPA. The most abundant lipoxygenase product was 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid followed by 8-, 15-, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. 8-Lipoxygenase activity is elevated 24 h after TPA treatment in the SSIN mice by approximately 4-fold; no elevation is seen in C57BL/6J mice. A comparison of the oxidant response to TPA as well as to phospholipase C showed that SSIN epidermal cells generated a higher level, measured by chemiluminescence, than C57BL/6J cells. This suggests that oxidant generation or possibly 8-lipoxygenase activity may be the basis for the sensitivity or resistance to TPA as a hyperplasiogen and as a tumor promoter.
Functional Characterization of N297A, A Murine Surrogate for low-Fc Binding Anti-Human CD3 Antibodies (2009)

Several low- or non-FcR binding anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibodies have been under investigation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. To model the mechanism of action of these anti-human CD3 mAbs in the murine system, an Fc-modified anti-mouse CD3 antibody (N297A) was generated. N297A exhibited similar biological effects as Fc-modified anti-human CD3 antibodies including rapid, reversible reduction in peripheral leukocyte numbers, differential modulation of activated versus resting T cells, and reduced levels of induced cytokine release compared to the non-Fc-modified parent antibody. In an in vivo model of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of IL-10-deficient cells, administration of N297A significantly reduced body weight loss. As N297A shared many functional characteristics of non-FcR binding anti-human CD3 mAbs both in vitro and in vivo, it provides a means to model the mechanisms of action of Fc-modified anti-human CD3 antibodies in mouse.
Two-channel noise reduction algorithms motivated by models of binaural interaction (2001)

In this thesis, signal processing strategies for the reduction of undesired interfering signals in binaurally recorded signals are derived and described. The properties of the different processing strategies are discussed and the processing performance is investigated using artificial signals. Two hearing aid algorithms are described that combine different noise reduction strategies and provide a complete processing of a simulated, digital hearing aid. Furthermore, a method is described and applied that allows for the optimization of 'critical' processing parameters with respect to the subjectively perceived signal quality. Finally, particular audiological properties of the algorithms are investigated and compared, i.e., the influence of the processing on signal quality and on speech intelligibility in noise is measured with hearing impaired subjects.
Inductive Learning of Dispute Scenarios for Online Resolution of Customer Complaints (2006)

We focus on online resolution of customer complaints. An efficient way to assist customers and companies is to reuse previous experience with similar agents. A formal representation of customer complaints and a machine learning technique for handling scenarios of interaction between conflicting human agents are proposed. It is shown that analysing the structure of communicative actions without context information is frequently sufficient to advise on complaint resolution strategies. Therefore, being domain-independent, the proposed machine learning technique is a good complement to a wide range of customer response management applications where formal treatment of inter-human interactions is required
Electrocardiographic indexes of dispersion of ventricular repolarization: An isolated heart validation study (1995)

The JT and QT dispersion correlate significantly with dispersion of APD90 and recovery time. The ECG assessment of dispersion of repolarization can be improved by three new ECG dispersion indexes: T peak to T end interval, total T wave area and late T wave area. These new indexes should be tested clinically.
Best Practices for Scientific Computing (2014)

: We describe a set of best practices for scientific software development, based on research and experience, that will improve scientists' productivity and the reliability of their software.
Scaling of the distribution of fluctuations of financial market indices (1999)

We study the distribution of fluctuations of the S&P 500 index over a time scale deltat by analyzing three distinct databases. Database (i) contains approximately 1 200 000 records, sampled at 1-min intervals, for the 13-year period 1984-1996, database (ii) contains 8686 daily records for the 35-year period 1962-1996, and database (iii) contains 852 monthly records for the 71-year period 1926-1996. We compute the probability distributions of returns over a time scale deltat, where deltat varies approximately over a factor of 10(4)-from 1 min up to more than one month. We find that the distributions for deltat<or= 4 d (1560 min) are consistent with a power-law asymptotic behavior, characterized by an exponent alpha approximately 3, well outside the stable Lévy regime 0<alpha<2. To test the robustness of the S&P result, we perform a parallel analysis on two other financial market indices. Database (iv) contains 3560 daily records of the NIKKEI index for the 14-year period 1984-1997, and database (v) contains 4649 daily records of the Hang-Seng index for the 18-year period 1980-1997. We find estimates of alpha consistent with those describing the distribution of S&P 500 daily returns. One possible reason for the scaling of these distributions is the long persistence of the autocorrelation function of the volatility. For time scales longer than (deltat)x approximately 4 d, our results are consistent with a slow convergence to Gaussian behavior.
Iterative Error Correction: Turbo, Low-Density Parity-Check and Repeat-Accumulate Codes (2009)

Iterative error correction codes have found widespread application in cellular communications, digital video broadcasting and wireless LANs. This self-contained treatment of iterative error correction presents all the key ideas needed to understand, design, implement and analyse these powerful codes. Turbo, low-density parity-check, and repeat-accumulate codes are given equal, detailed coverage, with precise presentations of encoding and decoding procedures. Worked examples are integrated into the text to illuminate each new idea and pseudo-code is included for important algorithms to facilitate the reader's development of the techniques described. For each subject, the treatment begins with the simplest case before generalizing. There is also coverage of advanced topics such as density-evolution and EXIT charts for those readers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the field. This text is ideal for graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science departments, as well as practitioners in the communications industry
How ACRL National Conference sites are selected (1996)

How ACRL National Conference sites a re selected Q uestions often arise as to h o w ACRL ends u p hosting a National C onference in a certain city.Below w e have attem pted to answ er the m ost com m only asked questions.
Acettc-Orcein: A New Stain-Fixative for Chromosomes (1941)

A new stain-fixative method for chromosomes, namely acetic-orcein, is described, which gives results that are equally good in fresh and permanent preparations. A 45% acetic and 1% orcein content is recommended as a standard solution. For salivary glands of Drosopkila a 2% stain gives the best results, and with the two species D. melanogaster and D. miranda the acetic strength has been raised to 70% with advantage. The addition of chloroform proves necessary for hardening in species of Sciara. Acetic-orcein is equally good for rapid chromosome counts. For root tips the addition of 1 cc. of N HC1 solution to 10 cc. of the standard solution together with gentle heating of the tissues in a drop of the mixture assists in the softening and separation of cells necessary for chromosome study. Orcein can also be used successfully in other combinations such as acetic-propionic or acetic-lactic. The latter is useful for making preparations that do not require ringing. Preparations so made keep from 7 to 14 days.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Modulates Postoperative Scarring after Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery (2003)

The data presented suggest that the healing response after surgery can be modulated by inhibiting the effects of MMPs. Inhibition of MMP significantly improved surgical outcome by reducing the amount of scar tissue produced. By targeting the actions of these proteolytic enzymes, a more controlled and physiological method of modulating scarring may be achieved.
Compounds Related to Podophyllotoxin. XI. An Unusual Stobbe Condensation<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds Related to Podophyllotoxin. XI. An Unusual Stobbe Condensation1Walter J. Gensler, Francis Johnson, and William F. SullivanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 6070–6074Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retinoic Acid Synthesis Promotes Development of Neural Progenitors from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Suppressing Endogenous, Wnt-Dependent Nodal Signaling (2010)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate spontaneously toward a neuroectodermal fate in serum-free, adherent monocultures. Here, we show that this spontaneous neural fate requires retinoic acid (RA) synthesis. We monitor ES cells containing reporter genes for markers of the early neural plate as well as the primitive streak and its progeny to determine the cell fates induced when RA signaling is perturbed. We demonstrate that the spontaneous neural commitment of mouse ES cells requires endogenous RA production from vitamin A (vitA) in the medium. Formation of neural progenitors is inhibited by removing vitA from the medium, by inhibiting the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of RA, or by inhibiting RA receptors. We show that subnanomolar concentrations of RA restore neuroectodermal differentiation when RA synthesis is blocked. We demonstrate that a neural to mesodermal fate change occurring when RA signaling is inhibited is dependent on Nodal-, Wnt-, and fibroblast growth factor-signaling. We show that Nodal suppresses neural development in a Wnt-dependent manner and that Wnt-mediated inhibition of neural development is reversed by inhibition of Nodal signaling. Together, our results show that neural induction in ES cells requires RA at subnanomolar levels to suppress Nodal signaling and suggest that the mechanism by which Wnt signaling suppresses neural development is through facilitation of Nodal signaling.
Abstract 15756: The Administration of High-morbidity Group Box 1 Fragment Prevents Deterioration of Cardiac Performance by Enhancement of Bone-marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Homing in the Delta-sarcoglycan-deficient Hamster (2017)

Introduction: High-morbidity group box 1 (HMGB1) mobilizes bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) into circulation and enhances the recruitment to damaged tissue. Hypothesis: We hypothesized w...
헤세의 『데미안』과 한국의 청소년 (2005)

In den letzten 15 Jahren sind in Korea mehr als Eil Ubersteztungen von Hesses Werken erschienen und danmter wurde Demian am haufigsten ubersetzt und am meisten verkauft. Demian ist viel bekannter als sein Autor selbst; ungefahr 40% der koreanischen Jugendlichen haben Demian mit Begeisterung gelesen. Aber mit zunehmender Bedeutung des Aufsatzes in der Aufnahmeprufung fur die Universitat sehen die Schuler sich gezwungen, Weltliteratur zu lesen. Demian ist fur die koreanische Jugend das beliebteste Buch und ein lastiges Thema fur die Hausaufgabe zugleich. Geschrieben in Hesses Krisenzeit enthalt Demian geheimnisvolle Themen wie die Individualisation, Kritik am Christentum die All-Einheit durch die Vereinigung von Gegensatzen und das Mutterliche, welche keine aktuellen Themen fur die heutigen koreanischen Schuler sind Demian ist ein typisch deutsches Buch, und fur die koreanische Jugend etwas fremdartig. Vieles bleibt ihnen verborgen. Wie z.B. Walter Iahnke bereits erwahnt hat, ist der Hesse-Boom in Asien und den USA teilweise auf ein Misverstandnis zuruckzufuhren. Viele Lernende halten Hesse fur einen sentimentalen Lyriker oder einen Nachfolger der Romantiker mit einem Hang zu asiatischen Weisheiten. Um Hesse und seinen Demian richtig zu verstehen, ist aber eine grundliche Textarbeit gemeinsam mit dem Lehrenden die Voraussetzung. Folgende Themen musten weiter diskutiert werden: wie der Ausgang der Handlung zu verstehen ist, Hesses Haltung dem Krieg gegenuber, das Kainszeichen und die Androgenie, Es ist Zeit, die klassischen Texte mit Begeisterung, aber auch literaturdidaktischer Distanz und Souveranitat zu behandeln.
Radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor-I: solutions to some potential problems and pitfalls (1991)

This report describes essential requirements for the validation of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and presents solutions to some problems and pitfalls commonly observed. The preparation of IGF-I to be used as radioligand or standard has to be selected carefully since some IGF-I preparations are contaminated with variants which demonstrate different potencies for different antisera used in the RIA. Accurate assessment of IGF-I levels in blood plasma requires an efficient extraction method for the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). Extraction methods to remove the influence of IGFBPs in the RIA were compared using blood plasma of considerable differences in IGF-I/IGFBP ratios. Acidification of plasma before column chromatography on Sephadex G-75 (G75) is generally considered to be the most reliable extraction method, but it is very time-consuming. The acid-ethanol extraction (AE) of plasma is not valid in many situations. Non-parallel displacement to the IGF-I standard was observed with AE-extracted plasma samples in the RIA. In addition, a comparison of IGF-I values obtained in the RIA after AE or G75 extraction of fetal ovine plasma has shown no significant correlation. We report an extraction technique based on a modified AE extraction followed by cryo-precipitation (AEC). AEC extraction on blood plasma reduced residual IGFBPs to a level that did not interfere in the assay. Furthermore, AEC-extracted plasma samples showed parallel displacement in the RIA to highly purified preparations of authentic IGF-I. We observed high correlations, with a slope close to unity, of IGF-I values obtained in the RIA using the AEC or G75 extraction for plasma from different species including adult and fetal sheep, rat, mouse and man. The AEC extraction provides a rapid and simple alternative to G75 extraction for blood plasma from a variety of species provided that high-affinity antisera are used for the RIA.
The Role of Patent Law in Poland's Transitioning Science and Technology Policy, and a Comparison with the Patent Laws of the United States, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 381 (1999) (1999)

Poland is at a critical point in determining whether it will provide the type of intellectual property protection afforded in other countries. Based on its current programs, Poland clearly recognizes that it must improve its infrastructure. It is imperative for Poland to institute and develop new science and technology policies. As a result, Poland must pay attention to issues like privatization and intellectual property because newly privatized companies will lean on patents and other rights as footholds against their competitors. Poland must also address issues concerning physical access and communications and electronic access to the country. Poland's overall science and technology report card is weak. One recent study found that seventy percent of Poland's products are five yeas behind world standards, and half are ten years behind. Attracting international collaborations to Poland will depend largely on the country's future innovative capacity. Although Poland affords some protection to inventors and provides some patentability, Polish inventors do not vigorously pursue patent protection. The lack of Polish inventions pursued in the United States might suggest that patent protection is so bleak in Poland that industry does not see the benefits of filing for patents abroad. Alternatively, it may indicate that Poland's efforts are simply not at the forefront of inventive ideas. Poland's government believes that the world will see a twenty-five year long period of good business trends and is confident that Poland will share in that prosperity. Several factors, including the solidifying of the nation's infrastructure and increased exportation to industrialize nations, indicate that Poland is on its way to seeing such prosperity. As the nation uses its intellectual property laws to gain a strong foothold in the realm of technological leadership, the world should keep a watchful eye on Poland as we move into the next century.
ON THE MEASUREMENT OF TOBACCO USE BY ADOLESCENTS (1989)

This study assessed the validity of self-reports of smokeless tobacco use by adolescents and the validity of cotinine as a measure of adolescent cigarette smoking. For a sample of 1,854 persons aged 12-14 years living in the southeastern United States in 1985, a combination of three biochemical measures (salivary cotinine, salivary thiocyanate, and alveolar carbon monoxide) and self-reports of cigarette smoking were used to identify subjects who used only smokeless tobacco and subjects who did not use smokeless tobacco. The sensitivity and specificity of self-reports of smokeless tobacco use were 40.8% and 97.9%, respectively. It was determined that of the 175 subjects who ordinarily would be considered smokers because they had salivary cotinine levels greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml, 43.4% used only smokeless tobacco.