gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Surface Hydroxyl Groups by Modification of H-Terminated Si(111) Surfaces (2012)

Chemical functionalization of semiconductor surfaces, particularly silicon oxide, has enabled many technologically important applications (e.g., sensing, photovoltaics, and catalysis). For such processes, hydroxyl groups terminating the oxide surface constitute the primary reaction sites. However, their reactivity is often poor, hindering technologically important processes, such as surface phosphonation requiring a lengthy postprocessing annealing step at 140 °C with poor control of the bonding geometry. Using a novel oxide-free surface featuring a well-defined nanopatterned OH coverage, we demonstrate that hydroxyl groups on oxide-free silicon are more reactive than on silicon oxide. On this model surface, we show that a perfectly ordered layer of monodentate phosphonic acid molecules is chemically grafted at room temperature, and explain why it remains completely stable in aqueous environments, in contrast to phosphonates grafted on silicon oxides. This fundamental understanding of chemical activity and surface stability suggests new directions to functionalize silicon for sensors, photovoltaic devices, and nanoelectronics.
Clogging and cleaning of fine-pore membrane diffusers (2004)

Causes for the increase of the pressure loss of fine bubble diffusers made of elastomers were investigated. Methods are described for removing clogging material from membrane diffusers and/or attenuating or even avoiding the formation of clogging deposits. On the basis of some practical examples the procedure is discussed and obtained reductions of pressure losses are specified.
Effective partial redundancy elimination (1994)

Partial redundancy elimination is a code optimization with a long history of literature and implementation. In practice, its effectiveness depends on issues of naming and code shape. This paper shows that a combination of global reassociation and global value numbering can increase the effectiveness of partial redundancy elimination. By imposing a discipline on the choice of names and the shape of expressions, we are able to expose more redundancies. As part of the work, we introduce a new algorithm for global reassociation of expressions. It uses global information to reorder expressions, creating opportunities for other optimizations. The new algorithm generalizes earlier work that ordered FORTRAN array address expressions to improve otpimization [25].
Effects of N-acetyl-L-carnosine aluminum (CL-1700) on various acute gastric lesions and gastric secretion in rats. (1981)

Effects of a newly synthesized compound, N-acetyl-L-carnosine aluminum (CL-1700), on the formation of various types of acute gastric lesions were studied in rats. CL-1700 at 300 or 1,000 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly inhibited Shay ulcers and water-immersion stress- and aspirin-induced erosions in pylorus-ligated rats, and indomethacin- or phenylbutazone-induced erosions. CL-1700 had a weak effect on water-immersion stress-induced erosions in rats with an intact pylorus. CL-1700 at 100 or 300 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly inhibited Shay ulcers and water-immersion stress-induced erosions in rats with an intact pylorus. However, this compound (i.p.) had no effect on aspirin- and indomethacin-induced gastric erosions. CL-1700 at 1,000 mg/kg (i.d.) significantly reduced the gastric acid output in pylorus-ligated rats but at 300 or 1,000 mg/kg (p.o.) increased the volume, pepsin output and raised the pH value. The effects of CL-1700 on experimental gastric lesions were slightly weaker than those of aluminum sucrose sulfate but almost equal to or better than those of cimetidine. However, the effects of CL-1700 were much more potent than those of gefarnate. As CL-1700 appears to be a promising new anti-gastric lesion agent, the mechanisms of action are now under investigation.
First Grade Play as a Social Activity (1937)

(1937). First Grade Play as a Social Activity. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 471-473.
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis after Radical Cystectomy (1988)

We report 2 cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis after radical cystectomy and continent urinary diversion with a Kock reservoir and ileocecal bladder replacement, respectively. Early diagnosis is essential since the mortality is high with conservative treatment. Isotopic cholescintigraphy is an effective diagnostic test and cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice.
A Motion-Powered Piezoelectric Pulse Generator for Wireless Sensing via FM Transmission (2014)

A motion-powered pulse generator using piezoelectric transduction is reported in this paper for wireless sensing devices. A metallic rolling ball is implemented in the prototype as an inertial proof mass excited by external motions at random low frequency. Taking advantage of the metallic proof mass, magnetic coupling can be achieved to actuate the piezoelectric cantilever by attaching tip magnets to the free end. In addition, self-synchronous switching is achieved by applying electrodes to the track of the rolling ball. A new passive prebiasing mechanism is introduced to improve the performance of the pulse generator. Both simulation and experimental results were conducted to demonstrate the improvement. Experimental results show that 76% more energy can be extracted by the prebias mechanism compared to the unbiased case. A transmission circuit based on a Colpitts oscillator was built to test the performance of the capacitor-powered oscillator, which is designed as the load of the pulse generator. By adding a voltage control component, the transmission circuit is capable of encoding a sensor signal by frequency modulation, which demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a motion-powered wireless sensing prototype based on the piezoelectric pulse generator.
Imaginary devices (2013)

We propose Imaginary Devices, a set of freehand gestures that mimic the use of physical input devices. Imaginary Devices allow users to choose the input modality best suited for the task at hand, such as a steering wheel for a driving game or a joystick for a flight simulator. Exploiting the skills that users have acquired using physical input devices, they can instantly begin interacting with an Imaginary Device. Since no physical device is involved, users can switch quickly and effortlessly among a number of devices.
Effects of tianeptine on spontaneous alternation, simple and concurrent spatial discrimination learning and on alcohol-induced alternation deficits in mice (1991)

The effects of systemic administration of tianeptine, a new psychotropic agent with antidepressant properties, were investigated on spontaneous alternation behavior, and on simple and concurrent spatial discrimination, in normal mice of the BALB/c strain. Tianeptine increased rates of spontaneous T-maze alternation, facilitated retention of a T-maze left-right discrimination, and speeded up acquisition of concurrent discrimination in a radial maze. These effects were consistent across successive experiments with a dose of 10mg/kg; lower doses (2.5 and 5.0mg/kg) had less or no effect depending on the task. These results, together with theoretical considerations, led us to investigate the effect of tianeptine on the sequential-specific alternation deficit induced by long-term ethanol administration in the same strain of mice. Results showed that, at the dose of 10mg/kg, the drug completely alleviated the alcohol-induced deficit. Unlike tianeptine, fluoxetine impaired discrimination performance in the radial maze. These data are discussed in light of the effects of tianeptine on serotonergic transmission and of the role of serotonin and acetylcholine in learning and memory processes.
Traveling-Wave Tube Helix Impedance (1953)

The impedance parameter of a circular helix, from which the gain of a helix-type traveling wave amplifier is computed, is investigated for a "Tape-Helix" model. Results obtained in this paper indicate that the impedance has a smaller value than for the "Sheath-Helix" model, and is considerably reduced at larger values of ka, the ratio of the helix circumference to the free space wavelength. A tape helix surrounded by a dielectric medium is analyzed. It is shown that the results obtained from the theory can be used to evaluate the helix impedance for usual types of traveling wave tubes. They have been found to be in agreement with measurements on many tube designs.
Role for Endogenous and Acquired Peroxidase in the Toxoplasmacidal Activity of Murine and Human Mononuclear Phagocytes (1982)

Oxygen products generated by the respiratory burst of mononuclear phagocytes are microbicidal to intracellular pathogens including Toxoplasma gondii. The toxicity of one of these products, H(2)O(2), is markedly amplified by the granule peroxidase of circulating phagocytes in the presence of a halide. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) binds firmly to the surface of T. gondii and such organisms remain viable as determined by vital staining, uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, and survival and replication in human fibroblasts. They are, however, rapidly killed by the addition of H(2)O(2) and iodide under conditions in which control organisms are unaffected. We have used EPO bound to T. gondii to explore the role of peroxidase in the toxoplasmacidal activity of mononuclear phagocytes. Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages lack a granule peroxidase and have a weak respiratory burst; toxoplasma survive and replicate within these cells. However, these cells acquire significant toxoplasmacidal activity, as assessed microscopically and by the inhibition of uracil uptake, when organisms are coated with EPO before ingestion, an effect which is decreased by the hemeprotein inhibitors, aminotriazole and azide. EPO on the surface of Toxoplasma does not increase their ingestion by macrophages or the associated respiratory burst. Monocytes from patients with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency have a significant toxoplasmacidal defect that is abolished when EPO-coated organisms are used. In contrast, the toxoplasmacidal defect of monocytes from chronic granulomatous disease patients is unaffected by surface-bound EPO. In these studies, replication of surviving intracellular organisms varied inversely with the magnitude of the respiratory burst: replication was greatest in fibroblasts, slightly less in resident macrophages, and least in monocytes; it was significantly greater in chronic granulomotous disease than in normal or myeloperoxidase-deficient monocytes. These studies support a role for oxygen products and endogenous peroxidase in the optimal killing of T. gondii by monocytes and demonstrate that peroxidase-negative phagocytes can utilize peroxidase on the surface of ingested organisms to augment microbicidal activity.
Spectral Evidence for Hydrated Salts in Seasonal Brine Flows on Mars (2015)

Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes initially proposed, but not confirmed, to be caused by briny water seeps. Here we report spectral evidence for hydrated salts on RSL slopes from four different RSL locations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These results confirm the hypothesis that RSL are due to present-day activity of briny water.
Adaptive frequency hopping in HF communications (2002)

Frequency hopping (FH) has been proposed as a technique to combat multipath fading and interference problems in HF links. By means of powerful coding techniques these systems are able to restore the transmitted information also under adverse transmission conditions when several of the frequencies in use are jammed or fading. Although efficient against jamming and interference of short duration, these schemes may be substantially improved upon in a typical HF environment with slow fading and a large number of narrowband, slowly varying interferers. A straightforward adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) scheme for duplex links is proposed and analyzed. In such a link, link quality measurements are fed back to the transmitter such that bad frequencies may be avoided. The system is analyzed based on an extension of the HF interference model presented by Gott et al (1991). The tradeoff between the amount of feedback information and link throughput as well as the impact of feedback reliability is investigated. Results show that an AFH system has the potential of surviving in extremely congested environments at very low transmitter power levels. Both the anti-jam and the LPI properties of these systems are very promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of Cross‐Linking in Stepwise Activation of T Cells (1992)

Activation of T cells is a complex process which we have hypothesized involves a series of functional intermediates possessing some, but not all, of the characteristics of fully functional effector cells. We have identified two such functional intermediates, the poised T cell (poTc) and the pre-effector T cell (peTc). poTc do not proliferate or mediate cytolytic activity but are responsive to help in the form of interleukin 2 (IL-2); peTc are proliferating cells which are not cytolytic. Here the role of T-cell receptor/CD3 complex cross-linking in generating these functional intermediates is examined and it is shown that cells can be driven to different stages of functional maturation depending upon the sequence of antibody binding to CD3 and cross-linking. Highly purified T cells can be activated to poTc stage if they are first labelled with the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 and then cross-linked with goat anti-mouse IgG-coated beads. If the OKT3 antibody is first bound to the IgG-coated beads and then added to highly purified T cells, peTc are generated. In both cases the intermediates can be driven to become fully functional effector cells by the addition of IL-2. Finally, by removing the OKT3-bound beads during the activation process, were are able to show that poTc and peTc are sequential intermediates along the same pathway of activation.
Prokinetic effect of erythromycin after colorectal surgery (2000)

Erythromycin does not seem to alter clinically important outcomes related to postoperative ileus in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer.
Isoflurane binds and stabilizes a closed conformation of the leukocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (2012)

We previously demonstrated that isoflurane targets lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), a critical adhesion molecule for leukocyte arrest. However, it remains to be determined how isoflurane interacts with the full ectodomain LFA-1 and modulates its conformation and function. Isoflurane binding sites on the full ectodomain LFA-1 were probed by photolabeling using photoactivatable isoflurane (azi-isoflurane). The adducted residues were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Separately, docking simulations were performed to predict binding sites. Point mutations were introduced around isoflurane binding sites. The significance of isoflurane's effect was assessed in both intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) binding assays and epitope mapping of activation-sensitive antibodies using flow cytometry. Two isoflurane binding sites were identified using photolabeling and were further validated by the docking simulation: one at the hydrophobic pocket in the ICAM-1 binding domain (the αI domain); the other at the βI domain. Mutagenesis of the α'1 helix showed that isoflurane binding sites at the βI domain were significantly important in modulating LFA-1 function and conformation. Epitope mapping using activation-sensitive antibodies suggested that isoflurane stabilized LFA-1 in the closed conformation. This study suggested that isoflurane binds to both the αI and βI domains allosteric to the ICAM-1 binding site, and that isoflurane binding stabilizes LFA-1 in the closed conformation.
Error performance of a pulse amplitude and position modulated ultra-wideband system over lognormal fading channels (2003)

In this paper, the error performance of an ultra-wideband (UWB) system with a hybrid pulse amplitude and position modulation (PAPM) scheme over indoor lognormal fading channels is analyzed. In the PAPM UWB system, input data is modulated onto both the pulse amplitudes and pulse positions. The receiver employs a RAKE to combine energy contained in the resolvable multipath components. Derivation of closed-form error rate expressions of the system in lognormal fading channels is based on approximating a sum of independent lognormal random variables (RV) as another lognormal RV using the Wilkinson method. Given the same delay spread of the channel, the proposed PAPM scheme can provide a higher throughput than the binary pulse amplitude or pulse position modulation scheme.
Real time artificial intelligence system (2002)

Recent years have seen increased demands on avionics systems to provide enhanced symbolic data processing functions, particularly in the emerging areas of real-time, onboard, tactical and mission assistance. Attempting to meet the increased processing that such applications require simply by "killing the problem with MIPS" in a classical avionics architecture is inefficient, fragile and costly. The RTAIS program represents an elegant approach to solving this mismatch by coupling a deep understanding of the kinds of computation needed with both highly parallel hardware, an expanded programming paradigm, and a fully Ada-based programming environment.
Modeling iceberg‐rafted sedimentation in high‐latitude fjord environments (2010)

An iceberg model, SedBerg , has been developed to simulate sedimentation in high‐latitude glaciated fjords. Sediments deposited in fjords provide an important record of glaciological response to changing climatic conditions. The model simulates the formation, drift, and melt of a population of icebergs utilizing Monte Carlo–based techniques with a number of underlying parametric probability distributions to describe the stochastic behavior of iceberg formation and dynamics. The model captures iceberg dynamics and melt in fjord environments and has been applied to Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord in east Greenland as an example of an iceberg‐dominated sedimentary environment. Sedimentation has been simulated over the past 1500 years, encompassing the climatic intervals of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). Model results have been compared with the observed sedimentary record. The model demonstrates that the glaciological regime, e.g., basal debris thickness, mean annual calving rate, mean iceberg size, plays a more important role than the direct influence of climate (ocean and air temperatures) on iceberg sedimentation rate, although often changes in climate result in changes to the glaciological regime.
Tracking and erosion of HTV silicone rubbers of different thickness (2001)

Tracking and erosion behaviors of high temperature vulcanized (HTV)-silicone rubber (SIR) of 0.5 to 6.0 mm thicknesses were investigated in order to obtain the optimum thickness for enhancing tracking and erosion resistance under various leakage current levels. Under low leakage current, thinner samples showed a higher tracking and erosion resistance, while under medium and high leakage current, thicker samples showed better resistance to these behaviors. The optimum thickness to prolong the time to tracking and erosion failure appeared in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 mm thickness. The content of an initial low molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid was shown to be closely related to the development of leakage current and high temperature thermal spots. The results indicate that the sample thickness is crucial to the ability of HTV-SIR to withstand a large number of high temperature thermal spots under condition of high level leakage current.
Analog Fractional Order Controller in Temperature and Motor Control Applications (2008)

An analog fractional order PI λ controller, using a circuit element with fractional order impedance, a Fractor (patent pending), is demonstrated in both a simple temperature control application and a more complex motor controller. The performance improvement over a standard PI controller was notable in both reduction of overshoot and decreased time to stable temperature, while retaining long term stability. In the motor controller, set point accuracy was considerably improved over conventional control. The modification of the standard controller to a fractional order controller was as simple as replacing the integrator capacitor with a Fractor. Mixing (i.e., hybridization) of digital and analog control was demonstrated.
Trends in the Rates of Radiography Use and Important Diagnoses in Emergency Department Patients With Abdominal Pain (2009)

Despite a more than doubling in CT use and increases in US use, there was no increase in detection rates for appendicitis, diverticulitis, and gall bladder disease nor was there a reduction in admissions.
A blockchain approach to digital archiving: digital signature certification chain preservation (2020)

Purpose The short lifespan of digital signatures presents a challenge to the long-term preservation of digitally signed records. It can undermine attempts to presume, verify or assess their authenticity. This paper aims to investigate the challenges of the expiration of digital signatures in the context of digital archiving. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies requirements for the long-term preservation of digitally signed records and compares them with the existing approaches. The characteristics, operational procedures and requirements of the technologies used for digital signatures are combined with the archival requirements to design a new model. Findings The paper proposes a new model of a blockchain-based system, which can be combined with any digital archive to assist the process of long-term preservation of digitally signed records. Practical implications The proposed model offers a new alternative to the current practice in the long-term preservation of digitally signed records, such as periodic resigning procedures or periodic wrapping of digitally signed records with archival timestamps. Originality/value The proposed TrustChain 2.0 model is based on previous research conducted as part of the InterPARES Trust project. It builds on TrustChain 1.0 by including digital signature certificate chain validity information in a blockchain thus avoiding the issues concerning records confidentiality and privacy information disclosure. The paper contributes not only to the development of archival science but also shows archival institutions on how to approach long-term preservation of digitally signed records.
Pharmacologic Management of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy (2003)

Mooney, , James F. III MD*; Koman, L. Andrew MD†; Smith, Beth P. PhD†Editor(s): Stanitski, Carl L. MD, Editor Author Information
Pyrolysis of High-density Polyethylene for the Production of Fuel-like Liquid Hydrocarbon (2008)

Pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out in a 750 cm3 stainless steel autoclave reactor, with temperature ranging from 470 to 495° C and reaction times up to 90 minute. The influence of the operating conditions on the component yields was studied. It was found that the optimum cracking condition for HDPE that maximized the oil yield to 70 wt. % was 480°C and 20 minutes. The results show that for higher cracking temperature, and longer reaction times there was higher production of gas and coke. Furthermore, higher temperature increases the aromatics and produce lighter oil with lower viscosity.