gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability-constrained die stacking order in 3DICs under manufacturing variability (2013)

3D integrated circuits (3DICs) with through-silicon vias (TSVs) are an important direction for semiconductor-based products and “More than Moore” scaling. However, 3DICs bring simultaneous challenges of reliability (power and temperature in stacks of thinned die) as well as variability (performance and power) in advanced technology nodes. In this paper, we study variability-reliability interactions and optimizations in 3DICs. Initial motivating studies show that in the presence of manufacturing variability, different die stacking orders can lead to as much as 2 years (~44%) difference in MTTF of a 3DIC stack. We study MTTF-driven die-stacking optimization with consideration of variability, and propose a “rule-of-thumb” guideline for stacking optimization to improve peak temperature as well as reliability in 3DICs. We also propose integer-linear programming (ILP) methods for reliability-driven die-stacking optimization. Our methods can achieve ~7% and ~28% improvement in average and minimum MTTF, respectively, of 3DICs; we also achieve ~3% improvement in performance under fixed reliability constraints. Our stacking optimizations can help improve 3DIC product yields under reliability requirements. Our research also yields the notable observation that a limited amount of manufacturing variation can “help” improve 3DIC product reliability when die-stacking optimization is applied.
Normalization of a chromosomal contact map (2012)

We quantitatively reanalyzed the genomic 3C data obtained for S. cerevisiae, identified some of the biases inherent to the technique and proposed a simple normalization procedure to analyse them. Such an approach can be easily generalized for genomic 3C experiments in other organisms. More experiments and analysis will be necessary to reach optimal resolution and accuracies of the maps generated through these approaches. Working with cell population presenting highest levels of homogeneity will prove useful in this regards.
High frequency operation of 1.57 μm laterally gain coupled DFB lasers with self aligned ohmic contacts and nickel surface gratings (2003)

Laterally coupled DFB lasers with self-aligned ohmic contacts show the advantage of a, considerably simplified fabrication process. Side-mode-suppresion-ratios up to 55 dB and 3 dB-bandwidths beyond 15 GHz were obtained for these devices.
13.6 A 28nm 400MHz 4-parallel 1.6Gsearch/s 80Mb ternary CAM (2014)

The number of IPv4 routing table entries was around 460k in 2012 and is growing at a rate of 10% per year. The continuing increase of network-connected devices risks depletion of IPv4 addresses. As for IPv6, the number of routing-table entries is about to reach 16k with a rapid annual growth rate of 90%. This growth trend will continue in the Internet-of-Things era. In growing network applications with large amounts of traffic, there is a demand for routers and switches capable of packet processing for applications such as forwarding, quality of service, classification and access control. Fully parallel ternary content-addressable memories (TCAMs) are the key devices to handle the large number of routes in the lookup table with high-throughput low-latency header processing [1-6]. Realizing both high-density (high-capacity) and high-speed search operation is a challenge due to high power consumption and diminishing signal integrity for search operations. Process scaling is important to achieve a high-density high-performance TCAM, but it incurs the decrease of operating margin caused by threshold-voltage variation. This paper presents a 400MHz 4-paralleled search-operation 80Mb TCAM test-chip in a 28nm process that can accommodate 1M entries. This chip has three key features: flexible search mode, row and column shift redundancy, and search omission with valid-bit. With flexible search mode, the TCAM can be adapted to both IPv4 and IPv6.
Structure−Activity Relationships in a Series of Substituted Indolocarbazoles:  Topoisomerase I and Protein Kinase C Inhibition and Antitumoral and Antimicrobial Properties (1996)

A series of compounds structurally related to staurosporine, rebeccamycin, and corresponding aglycones was synthesized, and their activities toward protein kinase C and topoisomerases I and II were tested together with their in vitro antitumor efficiency against murine B16 melanoma and P388 leukemia cells. Their antimicrobial activities were also examined against a Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli), a yeast (Candida albicans), and three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Streptomyces chartreusis, and Streptomyces griseus). To avoid side effects expected with protein kinase C inhibitors, we introduced substitution on the maleimide nitrogen and/or a sugar moiety linked to one of the indole nitrogens to obtain specific inhibitors of topoisomerase I with minimal activities on protein kinase C. As expected, these structures were inefficient on topoisomerase II, and some of them exhibited a strong activity against topoisomerase I. Generally, dechlorinated compounds were found to be more active than chlorinated analogues against both purified topoisomerase I and protein kinase C. On the other hand, opposite results were obtained in the cell antiproliferative assays. These results suggest lack of cell membrane permeability in the absence of the chlorine residue or cleavage of carbon-chlorine bonds inside the cell.
Hydrolysis of N-Methyl-2,4,4-substituted Δ<sup>2</sup>-Oxazolinium Iodides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of N-Methyl-2,4,4-substituted Δ2-Oxazolinium IodidesPaul Allen Jr. and James GinosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2759–2762Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (573 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Study on Space Composition and Usage Pattern of Senior Centers in Apartment Complex (2013)

Senior centers in apartment complex have been provided since 1980 according to the Housing Act in Korea. Nowadays these senior centers are model leisure facility for the elderly. However there are no specific guidelines for space composition and usage in a senior center. This study examines the space composition and usage patterns of 16 senior centers in apartment complex, Jangyou New Town. The data were collected by means of an observation, measuring, and interviews. The results are ; 1) A senior center consisted of one living room and two rooms for men and women would be appropriate; A living room is for common activities and two rooms for casual resting of each gender. 2) A kitchen is mainly used for setting the table or making tea. Thus, the living-dining-kitchen type would be appropriate. 3) Many rest rooms are located outside of a senior center and unisex one. The restroom should be separated by gender and located within the senior center. Also, the width of all doors should be more than 80cm and the floor be flat. The grab bars should be installed near the fixtures in a restroom. 4) Design and location of the shoe shelf are not convenient for the elderly to use. It should be designed and arranged for the elderly to use conveniently. Also, space for canes, walkers or wheelchairs should be considered in entrance area.
Study of the Crystal Size Effect on Spatial Resolution in Three-Dimensional Measurement of Fine Electromagnetic Field Distribution by Optical Probing (2003)

The effect of crystal size on the spatial resolution of electro/magneto-optic probing measurement has been studied. This is especially important when one deals with three-dimensional field visualization over fine and complicated circuit patterns. Through experimental three-dimensional field analyses, the concept of the sensitive volume is introduced and has been proved to be an appropriate measure to define the three-dimensional spatial resolution. Based upon the reduction of the sensitive volume of a magneto-optic crystal, a magnetic field distribution over a 10-µm-class miniature circuit was precisely visualized in the x–z plane by the fiber edge magneto-optic probe using a 20-µm-thick crystal.
Network Traffic Classification Techniques-A Review (2018)

With the growth in the amount of devices associated with the internet; the data that is getting circulated over the internet is also increasing. It is an undeniable fact that this data has significant presence for individuals as well as for organizations. A network needs to handle this massive amount of data traffic which contains malicious data as well. Therefore, it is very essential to distinguish between normal and abnormal traffic by analyzing the network traffic. A number of network traffic classification techniques are available. The researchers are trying to find the traffic classification techniques that do not depend on port numbers or that do not read the packet payload contents. In this study, an analysis of various traffic classification techniques and the application of several Machine learning techniques for traffic classification is carried out. This survey paper also presents a brief review of various machine learning techniques for traffic classification.
Detecting buried objects by fusing dual-band infrared images (2002)

The authors have conducted experiments to demonstrate the enhanced detectability of buried land mines using sensor fusion techniques. Multiple sensors, including visible imagery, infrared imagery, and ground penetrating radar (GPR), have been used to acquire data on a number of buried mines and mine surrogates. Because the visible wavelength and GPR data are currently incomplete, the paper focuses on the fusion of two-band infrared images. The authors use feature-level fusion and supervised learning with the probabilistic neural network (PNN) to evaluate detection performance. The novelty of the work lies in the application of advanced target recognition algorithms, the fusion of dual-band infrared images and evaluation of the techniques using two real data sets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-adjusting sub-sample delay estimator based on fractional delaying Hilbert transform filter (2008)

In the paper a novel solution of a self-adjusting time delay estimator operating in the discrete time domain on a sinusoidal signal is presented. The proposed solution is based on an original concept of Hilbert transform filter aggregated with a fractional delay filter. The aim is to substitute a series connection of a pair of filters: the Hilbert transform filter and the filter of adjustable fractional delay, by a compound one-stage filter in order to reduce the numerical load of processing. The performance as well as the numerical complexity of our self-adjusting time delay estimator is analysed and illustrated by the results of its operation in presence of noise.
COMMANIMATION : a speech-controlled animation system (2004)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
SEMI-PASSIVE VIBRATION CONTROL: PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATIONS (2006)

This paper presents the semi-passive vibration control technique and its applications to vibration damping, energy harvesting and health monitoring. This concerns systems including a piezoelectric actuator embedded or bounded on a host structure. A nonlinear process of the piezoelectric voltage leads to large enhancements of dissipated or harvesting energy on the mechanical vibration. After the principle explanations, the different experiments held in the laboratory are presented. In every case, large enhancements are obtained through this nonlinear shaping of the piezoelectric element voltage.
Estimation of hydro‐fracture source location with time reversal mirrors (2008)

We present a time reverse mirror approach for estimating hydro‐fracture source locations. With this scheme, the passive seismic data generated by the hydro‐fracture sources are crosscorrelated with the wavefield extrapolated from the VSP or seismic while drilling data, and the image shows the location of hydro‐fracture sources. Only an estimate of the local velocity v(x, z) model around the VSP well is needed and this method is robust with respect to noise and limited source and recording apertures. Synthetic tests with the SEG/EAGE salt model demonstrate the potential for its use with enhanced oil recovery operations.
Chitosan: Aspects of fiber spinnability (2006)

Abstract The preparation of useful fibers from chitosan remains an interesting challenge. Chitosan is easily solubilized in aqueous acids, but these solutions generally have high solution viscosities because of the polyelectrolyte effect. The high viscosity affects the processibility of chitosan during extrusion by wet‐spinning techniques. The coagulation rate, which also includes the regeneration of the free amine form of chitosan is also expected to be influenced by viscosity. In this study, the solution rheology of chitosan solutions was examined; our aim was to find the optimum compositions, in terms of chitosan, acid, and added salts, for spinnability. The diffusion of coagulants into chitosan spinning solutions is also reported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1162–1168, 2006
Schwann cell‐neuronal interactions in the rat involve nerve growth factor (1990)

To gain some insight into possible functions of nerve growth factor (NGF), we suppressed the endogenous levels of NGF in newborn rats by subcutaneous injections (3 microliters/g body weight) of rabbit antibodies to purified mouse beta-NGF (ANTI-NGF). Fiber and axonal areas and perimeters were measured for unmyelinated and myelinated sensory fibers in T9 dorsal roots (DR) in three groups of animals: 1) ANTI-NGF treated littermates, 2) preimmune sera treated littermates (PREIMM), and 3) untreated littermates (UNTR). In some rats, fibers in ventral roots (VR) were measured and, in other rats, sensory processes in peripheral nerves (PN) were measured following radical ventral rhizotomy. The only outer area and perimeter measurements that were statistically different were those in the ventral root (P less than 0.013 and P less than 0.043, respectively). However, myelin thickness was significantly thinner in the dorsal roots of the ANTI-NGF group than in the dorsal roots of the UNTR and PREIMM groups (P less than 0.000009 and P less than 10(-6), respectively). Myelin thickness in the ventral roots of the ANTI-NGF group was also statistically thinner than that in the UNTR group (P less than 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences when comparing the UNTR group to the PREIMM group. In the peripheral nerves studied, there was no significant change in the myelin thickness between the ANTI-NGF and UNTR groups of animals. These results indicate that Schwann cell-neuronal interactions are altered by the inactivation of NGF, and that 1) the central processes of sensory fibers are affected and not the peripheral processes and 2) motor fiber myelination is altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robotic Electrolocation: Active Underwater Target Localization with Electric Fields (2007)

We explore the capabilities of a robot designed to locate objects underwater through active movement of an electric field emitter and sensor apparatus. The robot is inspired by the biological phenomenon of active electrolocation, a sensing strategy found in two groups of freshwater fishes known to emit weak electric fields for target localization and communication. We characterize the performance of the robot using several types of automatic electrolocation controllers, objects, and water conditions. We demonstrate successful electrolocation both in the conditions in which it is naturally observed, in low conductivity water, as well as in conditions in which it is not observed, in water of ocean salinity. The belief of the position of the target is maintained via a particle filter and refined with each measurement
New Route to Amphiphilic Core−Shell Polymer Nanospheres: Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate from Water-Soluble Polymer Chains Containing Amino Groups (2002)

A novel method has been developed to prepare amphiphilic core−shell polymer nanospheres via graft copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from water-soluble polymer chains containing amino groups. Thus, amine-substituted biopolymers and synthetic polymers are treated with a small amount of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 0.08 mM) in water at 80 °C to generate free radicals on the amine nitrogens, which subsequently initiate the graft copolymerization of MMA. tert-Butoxy radicals are also generated that either initiate the homopolymerization of MMA or abstract hydrogen from the polymer backbones. The amphiphilic macroradicals generated in situ self-assemble to form polymeric micelle-like microdomains, which promote the emulsion polymerization of the monomer. Thus, well-defined, amphiphilic core−shell nanospheres, which range from 60 to 160 nm in diameter, are produced in the absence of surfactant. The conversion and grafting efficiency of the monomer strongly depend on the TBHP concentration and the structure of the amino-containing water-soluble polymer. Polymers containing primary amine groups are considerably more effective than those containing secondary or tertiary groups, while ammonium cations do not induce the polymerization. The particle size and stability strongly depend on the structure and molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer, as well as the pH of the mixture. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the particles clearly show well-defined core−shell morphologies where PMMA cores are coated with hydrophilic polymer shells. The amphiphilic core−shell nanospheres can be produced in high concentrations (up to 22% solids content). This new method is scientifically and technologically significant because it provides a commercially viable route to a wide variety of novel amphiphilic core−shell nanospheres.
Partial sequences of high-molecular-weight cytochrome c isolated from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki. (1991)

A polyhemic high-molecular-weight cytochrome c (hmc) of Mr 67,000 was purified from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki. This cytochrome is composed of a single peptide chain. Unlike other c-type cytochromes, hmc deteriorates slowly in atmospheric oxygen. Two peptide fragments of Mr 33,100 (L peptide) and Mr 19,100 (S peptide) were isolated and their N-terminal sequences determined to be PLPGATGEQRADLVEIGVMAKFTNLELPKV (L peptide) and GTLPAVAIPEFVTIGVLK (S peptide). The established sequence of the L peptide is homologous to the N-terminal sequence of cytochrome c3 (Mr 26,000) from D. vulgaris Hildenborough, in spite of discrepancies observed in the molecular size and subunit structure of these cytochromes.
Photophysics of Cyanine Dyes:  Subnanosecond Relaxation Dynamics in Monomers, Dimers, and H- and J-Aggregates in Solution (1997)

The photophysics of three cyanine dyes (i) 1,1‘-diethyl-2,2‘-cyanine iodide (pseudoisocyanine, PIC), (ii) 3,3‘-didodecyldithia-2,2‘-carbocyanine bromide (dye 1), and (iii) 3,3‘-diethyldithia-2,2‘-carbocyanine iodide (dye 2) have been examined by picosecond-laser photolysis in aqueous and methanolic-aqueous media. At moderately high concentration, solutions of PIC in 5 M NaCl/water contain monomers, H-aggregates, and J-aggregates; dye 1 water/methanol solutions consist mostly of monomers and H-aggregates (dimers and higher n-mers); aqueous dye 2 solutions contain only monomers and dimers. Photolysis of H- and/or J-aggregates in PIC and dye 1 cyanine solutions leads to photobleaching of the respective aggregate absorption bands and subsequently decays by biphasic kinetics. Two mechanisms are discussed for the deactivation of excited aggregates. In the first, nonradiative decay of the excited singlet states results in considerable heating of the aggregates together with their surrounding solvent shells causing the probe laser light in a pump−probe experiment to be strongly attenuated after excitation (see, e.g., J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 11952). This heating, which subsequently leads to partial dissolution of the aggregates (deaggregation), later reformed slowly on cooling, can also arise from another mechanism. That is, relaxation of singlet excited states of H-aggregates can also occur, in part, by exciton−exciton annihilation as occurs in J-aggregates at high laser pump intensities. In this case, the longer lived excited singlet states of H-aggregates, relative to those of J-aggregates, are likely due to a less efficient (slower) exciton−exciton annihilation process in H-aggregates which would infer a weaker exciton coupling in comparison to the strong coupling known to prevail in J-aggregates. For dye monomers, singlet excited state lifetimes increase (i) with an increase in the length of the aliphatic residues attached to the dye molecule and (ii) with dimerization of the dye molecules. Dimerization restricts torsional dynamics along the dyes polymethine chain and diminishes the nonradiative deactivation channel. An important conclusion from this work is that the thermal energy stored in the aggregates in a short time after picosecond-laser excitation, and the subsequent heating of the surrounding solvent shells, leading to dissolution to smaller aggregates and monomers, provides another pathway to S1−S1 annihilation in the deactivation of excited dye aggregates. This could provide an added/alternative path for the decrease of net efficiency (i.e., decrease in charge injection efficiency) in J-aggregate sensitization of silver halide grains (see, e.g., Lanzafame et al. Chem. Phys. 1996, 210, 79) in laser-imaging technologies.
cGMP-Manufactured Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are Available for Pre-clinical and Clinical Applications (2015)

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the concurrent development of protocols for their cell-type-specific differentiation have revolutionized our approach to cell therapy. It has now become critical to address the challenges related to the generation of iPSCs under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) compliant conditions, including tissue sourcing, manufacturing, testing, and storage. Furthermore, regarding the technical challenges, it is very important to keep the costs of manufacturing and testing reasonable and solve logistic hurdles that permit the global distribution of these products. Here we describe our efforts to develop a process for the manufacturing of iPSC master cell banks (MCBs) under cGMPs and announce the availability of such banks.