gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial gaents. VIII. An alternative synthesis of enoxacin via fluoronicotinic acid derivatives. (1987)

An alternative synthesis of enoxacin, a 1, 8-naphthyridine antibacterial agent, was developed. The present method involves 1, 8-naphthyridine ring construction by the Dieckmann type cyclization of ethyl 5-fluoronicotinate having a 2-ethoxycarbonylethylamino moiety at C-2. This nicotinate was prepared in 7 steps from ethyl fluoroacetate via ethyl 2, 6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinate.
Chromosomal alterations in 98 endometrioid adenocarcinomas analyzed with comparative genomic hybridization (2006)

The aim of the present study was to investigate chromosomal alterations in a large set of homogeneous tumors, 98 endometrioid adenocarcinomas. We also wanted to evaluate differences in chromosomal alterations in the different groups of tumors in relation to stage, survival and invasive or metastatic properties of the tumors. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to detect chromosomal alterations in tissue samples from 98 endometrioid adenocarcinomas. All chromosomes were involved in DNA copy number variations at least once in the tumor material, but certain changes were recurrent and rather specific. Among the specific changes, it was possible to identify 39 chromosomal regions displaying frequent DNA copy number alterations. The most frequent alteration was detected at 1q25-->q42, in which gains were found in 30 cases (30%). Gains at 19pter-->p13.1 were detected in 26 tumors (26%) and at 19q13.1-->q13.3 in 19 tumors (19%). Increased copy numbers were also detected at 8q (8q21-->q22 and 8q22-->qter), at a relatively high rate, in 17 cases (17%). Furthermore, gains at 10q21-->q23 and 10p were found in 14 (14%) and 13 cases (13%), respectively. The most common losses were found in the three regions 4q22-->qter, 16q21-->qter and 18q21-->qter, all of which were detected in eight of the 98 tumors (8%). We also detected differences between the tumors from deceased patients and from survivors. Gain at 1q25-->q42 was more commonly detected in the tumors from patients who died of cancer. We noted that the regions most affected differed in the different surgical stages (I-IV). The results of the CGH analysis identify specific chromosomal regions affected by copy number changes, appropriate objects for further genetic studies.
William Elderton (1939)

William Elderton Get access M. U. H. R. M. U. H. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 176, Issue 1, 7 January 1939, Page 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/176.1.9i Published: 07 January 1939
Preparation of eukaryotic mRNA having differently methylated adenosine at the 5'-terminus and the effect of the methyl group in translation (2009)

Cap analogues having differently methylated adenosine at 2' and N6 position, m(7)G(5')pppApG which is existed in plant mRNA (plant type), m(7)G(5')pppAmpG (animal type), m(7)G(5')pppm(6)AmpG (mammalian type) and m(7)G(5')pppm(6)ApG (unnnatural type), were synthesized. In order to clarify the function of these methyl groups, luciferase mRNAs having differently methylated adenosine at the 5'-terminus, were successfully prepared by in vitro transcription using the synthesized cap anologues. As the preliminary results of in vitro translation with rabbit reticulocyte lysate and luciferase assay, luciferase mRNA having the mammalian type of cap structure, m(7)G(5')pppm(6)AmpG, was most efficiently translated. In the case of m(7)G(5')pppApG (plant type) efficiency of translation was lowest.
Revisiting the Chemistry of Guaiacwood Oil: Identification and Formation Pathways of 5,11- and 10,11-Epoxyguaianes (2017)

Guaiacwood oil from Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex. Griseb is a common natural ingredient of the perfume industry used in both domestic and luxury fragrances for its highly appreciated woody-rosy odor, as well as its excellent fixative properties. Despite its long and traditional use as a perfume ingredient, guaiacwood oil has not been extensively studied. Thus, the chemical characterization of its constituents by using a full array of GC-hyphenated techniques (GC-MS, GC × GC-MS, and pc-GC) combined with conventional chemical fractionation was undertaken. In the course of this work, 15 new sesquiterpenoids mostly belonging to the 5,11- and 10,11-epoxyguaiane families were identified. Each isolated compound was fully characterized by NMR and MS. Collectively, the specific chemical relationships observed between sesquiterpene oxides and alcohols permitted the formulation of probable formation pathways regarding their presence as natural constituents of guaiacwood extracts.
Blunt and sharp notch behaviour of Glare laminates (2001)

Glare laminates are materials that consist of alternating aluminium and glass prepreg layers especially designed for aeroplane structures. The result is a material that combines the properties of its constituents and the properties of a bonded structure. Some of the favourable characteristics of Glare are its fatigue, impact and fire resistance properties and the possibility to create tailored design solutions. After 25 years of development and extensive investigations within the aerospace environment, Glare is now ready to be applied for industrial production. It will be applied in large parts of the new Airbus A380 fuselage, which is planned to have its first flight in 2004. This research describes the behaviour of Glare with holes that are made within production and the behaviour when the material is damaged due to an impact like for example a bird strike or an engine seperationf what creates cracks. These holes and this damage are regarded as blunt and sharp notches respectively. The failure mechanisms that were observed are investigated and function as the basis for the development of engineering calculation methods for the blunt and sharp notch behaviour of arbitrary Glare laminates. Additional research concerning the behaviour of spliced Glare laminates in the presence of notches, the presence of a crack in a row of holes and the development of Glare with crack stoppers is presented.
Nanomechanical Forces Generated by Surface Grafted DNA (2002)

Recent experiments show that the adsorption of biomolecules on one surface of a microcantilever generates surface stresses that cause the cantilever to deflect. If a second species binds to the adsorbed molecules, the stresses change, resulting in a different deflection. By choosing adsorbed probe molecules that recognize specific molecules, it may be possible to detect pathogens and biohazards. In particular, Fritz et al. (Fritz, J.; Baller, M. K.; Lang, H. P.; Rothuizen, H.; Vettiger, P.; Meyer, E.; Guntherodt, H.-J.; Gerber, Ch.; Gimzewski, J. K. Science 2000, 288, 316) and Wu et al. (Wu, G.; Haifeng, J.; Hansen, K.; Thundat, T.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; Hagan, M. F.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Majumdar, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, 1560) show that the presence of an individual sequence of DNA may be identified by observing the change in deflection as hybridization occurs. Also, it has been shown that this platform can detect prostate specific antigen (PSA). However, to exploit this phenomenon for the development of reliable microdevices, it is necessary to understand the origin of the nanomechanical forces that lead to cantilever deflection upon molecular recognition, as well as the dependence of such deflections on the identity and concentration of the target molecule. In this paper, we present a model with which we examine cantilever deflections resulting from adsorption and subsequent hybridization of DNA molecules. Using an empirical potential, we predict deflections upon hybridization that are consistent with experimental results. We find that the dominant contribution to these deflections arises from hydration forces, not conformational entropy or electrostatics. Cantilever deflections upon adsorption of single stranded DNA are smaller that those predicted after hybridization for reasonable interaction strengths. This is consistent with results in Fritz et al., but not those in Wu et al. The deflections predicted for DNA before and after hybridization are strongly dependent on surface coverage, as well as the degree of disorder on the surface. We argue that self-assembly of probe molecules on the cantilever surface must be carefully controlled and characterized for the realization of microdevices for pathogen detection that rely on nanomechanical forces generated by molecular recognition.
The earwax problem (2000)

Robert L. Martin, PhD, holds a doctorate in audiology from the University of Tennessee. Formerly a faculty member at San Diego State University, he has dispensed hearing aids privately in the San Diego area for more than 20 years. Correspondence to Dr. Martin at 1109 Third Avenue, Chula Vista, CA 91911.
Encapsulation reaction. Synthesis of the clathro chelate 1,8-bis(fluoroboro)-2,7,9,14,15,20-hexaoxa-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-4,5,11,12,17,18-hexamethylbicyclo[6.6.6]eicosa-3,5,10,12,16,18-hexaenecobalt(III) ion (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEncapsulation reaction. Synthesis of the clathro chelate 1,8-bis(fluoroboro)-2,7,9,14,15,20-hexaoxa-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-4,5,11,12,17,18-hexamethylbicyclo[6.6.6]eicosa-3,5,10,12,16,18-hexaenecobalt(III) ionDavid R. Boston and Norman J. RoseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6859–6860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01026a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effective organic-based connection unit for stacked organic light-emitting devices (2006)

A bilayer connection unit of Mg-doped Alq3 and F4-TCNQ-doped m-MTDATA was investigated for application in stacked organic light-emitting device. This connection unit led to a stacked OLED with a luminous efficiency twice that of a single-unit OLED. Electronic structures, including relevant electron energy levels, of the various interfaces in the stacked OLED were studied by using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and used to discuss the working mechanisms of the stacked OLED. The p-type dopant F4-TCNQ was shown to induce a large band bending of 1.36eV and facilitates efficient carrier injection from the connection units into the carrier-transporting layers.
Nonparametric belief propagation for self-localization of sensor networks (2005)

Automatic self-localization is a critical need for the effective use of ad hoc sensor networks in military or civilian applications. In general, self-localization involves the combination of absolute location information (e.g., from a global positioning system) with relative calibration information (e.g., distance measurements between sensors) over regions of the network. Furthermore, it is generally desirable to distribute the computational burden across the network and minimize the amount of intersensor communication. We demonstrate that the information used for sensor localization is fundamentally local with regard to the network topology and use this observation to reformulate the problem within a graphical model framework. We then present and demonstrate the utility of nonparametric belief propagation (NBP), a recent generalization of particle filtering, for both estimating sensor locations and representing location uncertainties. NBP has the advantage that it is easily implemented in a distributed fashion, admits a wide variety of statistical models, and can represent multimodal uncertainty. Using simulations of small to moderately sized sensor networks, we show that NBP may be made robust to outlier measurement errors by a simple model augmentation, and that judicious message construction can result in better estimates. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of NBP's communications requirements, showing that typically only a few messages per sensor are required, and that even low bit-rate approximations of these messages can be used with little or no performance impact.
Power Reduction Technique for Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converters (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of reducing power consumption in successive approximation ADC architecture as a building block of power-aware electronic devices. Two binary search control algorithms, intended to decrease the total ADC's consumed energy during the conversion cycle are proposed in this paper. Both algorithms take advantage of sensor input signal properties and dynamically reduce the number of conversion steps in order to save energy. Metrics for evaluating energy efficiency of the conversion process, called energy reduction factor, F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">er</sub> is involved. Simulation results show that energy saving per conversion cycle of up to 25 % can be obtained.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC STUDIES OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF COSTUS PICTUS D. DON (2013)

Costus pictus D. Don, commonly known as spiral ginger is an ornamental plant in Indian state of Kerala. The fresh leaves of this plant is traditionally used in treatment of diabetes. The present study is to screen the phytochemical constituents of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the Costus pictus D. Don rhizome and to explore its anthelmintic activity. The hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction of the dried, powdered rhizome and was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. The in-vitro anthelmintic activity screening of the extract was performed with earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, phytosterols, saponin glycosides, flavanoids and tannins in detectable amount. The evaluation of anthelmintic activity against the standard drug Piperazine citrate showed significant results at same concentration (0.5, 0.75 and 1 gm%). This study provides a clear evidence for using the hydro-alcoholic extract of Costus pictus D. Don rhizome in the treatment of helminthiasis.
Biocompatibility testing of polymers: <i>In vivo</i> implantation studies (1978)

Abstract An in vivo method is described for screening polymeric materials for biocompatibility. The test is based on grading acute and subacute tissue reactions at 7 and 28 days, respectively, following implantation in rats. The method is reproducible and reliable. It is designed to provide uniform test criteria for biocompatibility assessment in the early phases of the development of surgical implant materials.
Abscisic Acid-Dependent Regulation of Small Rubber Particle Protein Gene Expression in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum is Mediated by TbbZIP1 (2013)

Natural rubber is a high-molecular-mass biopolymer found in the latex of >2,500 plant species, including Hevea brasiliensis, Parthenium argentatum and Taraxacum spp. The active sites of rubber biosynthesis are rubber particles, which comprise a hydrophobic rubber core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane containing species-dependent lipids and associated proteins. Small rubber particle proteins are the most abundant rubber particle-associated proteins in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum (TbSRPPs) and may promote rubber biosynthesis by stabilizing the rubber particle architecture. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding SRPPs and identified a bZIP transcription factor (TbbZIP.1) similar to the Arabidopsis thaliana ABI5-ABF-AREB subfamily, which is thought to include downstream targets of ABA and/or abiotic stress-inducible protein kinases. The TbbZIP.1 gene was predominantly expressed in laticifers and regulates the expression of TbSRPP genes in an ABA-dependent manner. The individual TbSRPP genes showed distinct induction profiles, suggesting diverse roles in rubber biosynthesis and stress adaptation. The potential involvement of TbSRPPs in the adaptation of T. brevicorniculatum plants to environmental stress is discussed based on our current knowledge of the stress-response roles of SRPPs and their homologs, and the protective function of latex and rubber against pathogens. Our data suggest that TbSRPPs contribute to stress tolerance in T. brevicorniculatum and that their effects are mediated by TbbZIP.1.
Construction of conceptual graph representation of texts (2004)

This paper describes a system for constructing conceptual graph representation of text by using a combination of existing linguistic resources (VerbNet and WordNet). We use a two-step approach, by firstly identifying the semantic roles in a sentence, and then using these roles, together with semi-automatically compiled domain-specific knowledge to construct the conceptual graph representation.
Renal cell carcinoma (1997)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by (a) lack of early warning signs, which results in a high proportion of patients with metastases at the time of diagnosis; (b) protean clinical manifestations; and (c) resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The estimates of new diagnoses and deaths from kidney cancer in the United States during 1996 are 30,600 and 12,000, respectively. RCC occurs nearly twice as often in men as in women. The age at diagnosis is generally older than 40 years; the median age is in the midsixties. The incidence of RCC has been rising steadily. Between 1974 and 1990, there was a 38% increase in the number of patients who had a diagnosis of RCC. This increase was accompanied by a significant improvement in 5-year survival. Both trends are likely the result of improved diagnostic capability. Newer radiographic techniques, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are detecting kidney tumors more frequently and at a lower disease stage, when tumors can be resected for cure. Surgical treatment is the only curative therapy for localized RCC. Radical nephrectomy remains the mainstay of surgical management, but techniques are being modified. These modifications include partial nephrectomy and resection of vena caval thrombi. In highly selected cases, surgical resection of locally recurrent RCC or of disease at a solitary metastatic site is associated with long-term survival. Metastatic RCC is highly resistant to the many systemic therapies that have been extensively investigated. A minority of patients achieve complete or partial response to interferon, interleukin-2, or both. Response can be dramatic but is rarely durable. Because most patients do not achieve response, these agents are not considered effective treatments for RCC, but the response in some patients indicates the need for continued research on their use. Identification of new agents with better antitumor activity against metastases remains a high priority in clinical investigation of therapy for this refractory disease.
Sucrose Conformational Polymorphism: A Jigsaw Puzzle with Multiple Routes to a Unique Solution (2009)

Scale-up sucrose crystals grown from a furfuryl alcohol−water sucrose solution at 60 °C exhibited a wide endothermic peak from 140° to 170 °C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 10 °C/min, whereas commercial sucrose crystals displayed only one sharp melting peak around 185° to 189 °C. Surprisingly, it was found that the inclusion of trace amounts of salts and water or degradation of sucrose did not offer a satisfying explanation for the occurrence of the wide low-melting peak from 140° to 170 °C. On the basis of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXD), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hot-stage optical microscopy (HSOM), variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction (VT-PXRD), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and solubility measurements, one possible explanation for the low-melting peak in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was because the sucrose crystals grown from the furfuryl alcohol−water sucrose solution at 60 °C consisted of sucrose molecules having different degrees of conformational disorders about the -CH2−OH functional groups of the fructofuranose ring such that the inter-residue intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and the glucopyranose ring oxygen were misaligned. The activation energy, Ea, and the enthalpy, ΔH, for the polymorphic transformation of the low melting metastable polymorph around 150° to 160 °C to the high melting thermodynamically stable form around 185 °C were 185.2 kJ/mol (i.e., 44.2 kcal/mol) and 2.9 kJ/mol (i.e., 0.7 kcal/mol), respectively. This polymorphic transformation could be kinetically controlled by mass-transfer through viscosity, solvent evaporation rate, and mixing. However, under the orchestration of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the polymorphic transformation could be achieved by different pathways in different microdomains to produce various degrees of conformational polymorphs if the micromixing was poor. As a result, a mixture of crystals or microdomains with a wide range of melting temperatures and relatively high solubility were produced.
Rapid Access to Synthetic Lysobisphosphatidic Acids Using P<sup>III</sup> Chemistry (2000)

An expeditious route to synthetic lysobisphosphatidic acid S,S-1, its enantiomer, and regioisomers is reported. Synthetic difficulties concerning lipid stability and stereochemistry are bypassed using a phosphite triester approach in combination with multiple silyl protection. Spectroscopic studies evidence that acyl group migration in S,S-1 is accelerated by nonpolar solvents and inhibited by pyridine.
Relationship between morphology and mechanical properties of binary and compatibilized ternary blends of polypropylene and nylon 6 (1996)

The effect of compatibilization on the morphology, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (IPP)/nylon-6 (Ny-6) binary blends was investigated. Maleic anhydride (MAH) functionalized IPP was used as a compatibilizer in binary blends. The morphological, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of binary and ternary blends were compared. The blends containing IPP-g-MAH showed more regular and finer dispersion of phases, different dynamic properties, and improved mechanical properties due to better adhesion between the two phases. The blends were also characterized for their flow properties and extent of water absorption. The melting peak temperature and percent crystallinity of IPP and Ny-6 phases were decreased in compatibilized blends. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
D-4F, an Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide, Inhibits the Inflammatory Response Induced by Influenza A Infection of Human Type II Pneumocytes (2004)

Type II pneumocytes respond to influenza A infection by activating caspases and secreting cytokines and cellular phospholipids into the extracellular environment, including oxidized phospholipids that evoke inflammatory responses. D-4F treatment inhibited these events. Our results suggest that apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides such as D-4F are antiinflammatory agents that may have therapeutic potential.