gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In<i>Vitro</i>Metabolism of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol by Isolated Cells from Human Decidua* (1985)

An increase in maternal serum levels of lα,25-dihydroxycalciferol during pregnancy has been linked to enhancement of intestinal calcium absorption. Several sites of its synthesis have been proposed in different species, human decidua being one of them. Collagenase-dispersed decidual cells isolated from term placenta were fractionated on a Percoll gradient. The isolated cells were set in culture in the presence of 6 nM [3H]cholecalciferol. Two cell populations of similar morphology hydroxylated the substrate, yielding a compound that had a mass spectrum identical to and that comigrated with authentic lα,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in four chromatographic systems and bound to a specific rachitic chick receptor. These preparations, thus, provide a potential system by which the kinetics and regulation of the synthesis of the hormonal form of vitamin D by human placenta can be studied in vitro.
A quantitative model for differential motility of gliomas in grey and white matter (2000)

We have extended a mathematical model of gliomas based on proliferation and diffusion rates to incorporate the effects of augmented cell motility in white matter as compared to grey matter. Using a detailed mapping of the white and grey matter in the brain developed for a MRI simulator, we have been able to simulate model tumours on an anatomically accurate brain domain. Our simulations show good agreement with clinically observed tumour geometries and suggest paths of submicroscopic tumour invasion not detectable on CT or MRI images. We expect this model to give insight into microscopic and submicroscopic invasion of the human brain by glioma cells. This method gives insight in microscopic and submicroscopic invasion of the human brain by glioma cells. Additionally, the model can be useful in defining expected pathways of invasion by glioma cells and thereby identify regions of the brain on which to focus treatments.
Survival in Early Breast Cancer Patients Is Favorably Influenced by a Natural Humoral Immune Response to Polymorphic Epithelial Mucin (2000)

Early breast cancer patients with a natural humoral response to MUC1 have a higher probability of freedom from distant failure and a better disease-specific survival. MUC1 antibodies may control hematogenic tumor dissemination and outgrowth by aiding the destruction of circulating or seeded MUC1-expressing tumor cells. Vaccination of breast cancer patients with MUC1-derived (glyco)peptides in an adjuvant setting may favorably influence the outcome of disease.
Thermography: Its relation to pathologic characteristics, vascularity, proliferation rate, and survival of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (1996)

An abnormal thermogram is associated with large tumor size, high grade, and lymph node positivity but not proliferation rate or MVD. It also may be associated with relatively large regional vessels that can be identified by US. However, thermography is not an independent prognostic indicator.
Improved reproducibility of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography for measurement of bone quality (2008)

A human high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner (HR-pQCT) (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical, Switzerland) capable of measuring three important indicators of bone quality (micro-architectural morphology, mineralization and mechanical stiffness) has been developed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of male and female HR-pQCT in vivo measurements, and elucidate the causes of error in these measurements through a comparison with in vitro measurements. The best possible short-term reproducibility was found using a set of 10 in vitro measurements without repositioning, and a set of 10 with repositioning. Subsequently, in vivo measurements were performed on 15 male and 15 female subjects at baseline and follow-ups of 1 week and 4 months to determine the short- and long-term reproducibility of the system. In addition to the 2D area matching method used in the standard evaluation protocol, a custom developed 3D registration method was used to find the common region between repeated scans. The best possible reproducibility without movement artifacts and repositioning error was less than 0.5%, while the reproducibility with repositioning error was less than 1.5%. The in vivo reproducibility of density (<1%), morphological (<4.5%) and stiffness (<3.5) measurements was consistently poorer than the reproducibility of cadaver measurements, presumably due to small movement artifacts and repositioning errors. Using 3D image registration, repositioning error was reduced on average by 23% and 8% for measurements of the radius and tibia sites, respectively. This study has provided bounds for the reproducibility of HR-pQCT to monitor bone quality longitudinally, and a basis for clinical study design to determine detectable changes.
Diffusivity of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> in athabasca bitumen (2002)

Abstract Experimental data for the diffusivity of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane and nitrogen in Athabasca bitumen are presented in the range 25–90°C at 4 and 8 MPa. The diffusivity of these gases has been determined as a function of gas concentration in bitumen using a non‐intrusive experim̀ental method. The diffusivity of gas in general is found to increase with temperature and pressure, and is a unimodal function of concentration. A correlation is provided for the average diffusivity of these gases as a function of temperature.
Involvement of Dihydropyridine‐Sensitive Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels in Adenosine‐Evoked Inhibition of Acetylcholine Release from Guinea Pig Ileal Preparation (1990)

The effects of adenosine and nifedipine on endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release evoked by electrical stimulation from guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle preparations exposed to physostigmine were evaluated using an HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) system. Resting ACh release, which was sensitive to tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM), was enhanced by Bay K 8644 (0.5 microM; a Ca2+ antagonist) or 4-aminopyridine (30 microM; a K+ channel blocker) but not by theophylline (100 microM; a P1 purinoceptor antagonist) or atropine (0.3 microM). The enhancement of the resting ACh release by Bay K 8644 was virtually unaffected by atropine. Electrically evoked ACh release was enhanced by around two- to fourfold in the presence of theophylline, atropine, Bay K 8644, 4-aminopyridine, or atropine. On the other hand, the evoked ACh release was reduced by adenosine (10-30 microM), nifedipine (0.1-0.3 microM; a dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist), or bethanechol (1-3 microM) in a concentration-related fashion. The reduction induced by adenosine or nifedipine was almost abolished by either theophylline or Bay K 8644, whereas that induced by bethanechol was virtually unaffected by these drugs. The inhibition by adenosine of ACh release was not influenced in the presence of 4-aminopyridine or atropine. However, this inhibition by adenosine was considerably enhanced by halving the Ca2+ concentration in the Krebs solution and was diminished by doubling the Ca2+ concentration. These findings suggest that adenosine produces a cholinergic neuromodulation presumably via modifying dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel activities in the cholinergic neurons, and thus L-type Ca2+ channels may exist on the nerve terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of C-cadherin function during activin induced morphogenesis of Xenopus animal caps. (1994)

Treatment of Xenopus animal pole tissue with activin results in the induction of mesodermal cell types and a dramatic elongation of the tissue. The morphogenetic movements involved in the elongation appear similar to those in normal gastrulation, which is driven by cell rearrangement and cell intercalations. We have used this system to explore the potential regulation of cell-cell adhesion and cadherin function during morphogenesis. Quantitative blastomere aggregation assays revealed that activin induction reduced the calcium-dependent adhesion between blastomeres. Activin-induced blastomeres formed smaller aggregates, and a greater proportion of the population remained as single cells compared to uninduced blastomeres. The aggregation was mediated by C-cadherin because C-cadherin was present in the blastomeres during the aggregation assay, and monoclonal antibodies against C-cadherin inhibited the calcium-dependent aggregation of blastomeres. E-cadherin was not detectable until after the completion of the assay and, therefore, does not explain the adhesive differences between induced and uninduced blastomeres. L cells stably expressing C-cadherin (LC cells) were used to demonstrate that C-cadherin activity was specifically altered after activin induction. Blastomeres induced with activin bound fewer LC cells than uninduced blastomers. L cells not expressing C-cadherin did not adhere to blastomeres. The changes in C-cadherin-mediated adhesion occurred without detectable changes in the steady-state levels of C-cadherin or the amount of C-cadherin present on the surface of the cell. Immunoprecipitation of C-cadherin and its associated catenins revealed that the ratio of C-cadherin and the catenins was not altered by activin induction. These results demonstrate that activin decreases the adhesive function of existing C-cadherin molecules on the surface of blastomeres and suggest that decreased cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion is associated with increased morphogenetic movement.
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (2016)

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition encountered in children with incidence estimated as 2% to 7.5% in the first year of life. Formula and breast-fed babies can present with symptoms of CMPA. It is important to accurately diagnose CMPA to avoid the consequences of either under- or overdiagnosis. CMPA is classically categorized into immunoglobulin E (IgE)- or non-IgE-mediated reaction that vary in clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and prognosis. The most commonly involved systems in patients with CMPA are gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory. Evaluation of CMPA starts with good data gathering followed by testing if indicated. Treatment is simply by avoidance of cow’s milk protein (CMP) in the child’s or mother’s diet, if exclusively breast-feeding. This article reviews the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, evaluation, management, and prognosis of CMPA and provides an overview of different options for formulas and their indication in the treatment of CMPA.
Biological Denitrification of Water (1989)

Voluminous research has been published regarding the denitrification of drinking water. Most of this work has been done in Europe. Unfortunately, much of the European literature has not been translated into English, and as a consequence there may be a gap in the understanding of the international state of the art with regard to drinking‐water denitrification. Numerous substrates have been evaluated including methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and various sulfur compounds. Various unit processes have been utilized including biofilters, fluidized‐bed and packed‐bed reactors, packed towers containing cells immobilized in polymer gels, and completely mixed reactors with cells attached to bouyant porous carriers. There are several commercial facilities currently providing drinking water to European communities. Most include post‐treatment with flocculation, filtration, and disinfection. A common concern in denitrification operations is the minimization of nitrite accumulation. This requires careful process control, and more research regarding the nitrite problem is needed. The European literature is a valuable source of information regarding the denitrification of drinking water.
A large animal neuropathic pain model in sheep: a strategy for improving the predictability of preclinical models for therapeutic development (2012)

PNI sheep model has a fast onset and shows stable and long-lasting pain behavioral characteristics. Since the antinociceptive properties of IT morphine are similar to those observed in humans, the PNI sheep model will be a useful tool for the development of analgesics. Its large size and consistent chronic pain behavior will facilitate the development and evaluation of surgical intervention and gene therapy. The PNI sheep pain model provides us with the opportunity for multi-species testing, which will improve the success of clinical trials.
Electron Diffraction and Imaging of Uncompressed Monolayers of Amphiphilic Molecules on Vitreous and Hexagonal Ice (1993)

A new approach is described for probing domains of ordered self-assemblies of amphiphilic monolayers at the aqueous solution interface. The method has potential importance for the study of membrane structure, Langmuir-Blodgett films, and nucleation processes of two-and three-dimensional crystals. Electron diffraction (ED) patterns indicative of two-dimensional crystalline self-assembly were obtained from samples, which were examined by cryo-electron microscopy, of monolayers of water-insoluble amphiphiles on vitrified aqueour substrates. The apparent hexagonal symmetry of an ED pattern from a C(16)H(33)OH monolayer was interpreted in terms of multiple twinning. Monolayers of the CL(31)H(63)OH and cadmium salt of C(19)H(39)CO(2)H that were studied by dark-field techniques displayed faceted two-dimensional crystallites with a maximal size of 1 to 2 micrometers. Epitaxial nucleation of hexagonal ice by the C(31)H(63)OH monolayer has also been demonstrated by ED.
Distributed Saturation Degree Methods for Code Assignment in Multihop Radio Networks (2000)

We present a new distributed algorithm for code assignment in a multihop radio network. The algorithm is based on the Saturation-Degree coloring scheme proposed in [1], which has proved better than earlier attempts at solving the problem. A crucial parameter of the proposed algorithm is the depth of the neighborhood that must be considered when a local decision must be taken. By tuning this parameter one can obtain a tradeoff between the quality of the solution and the number of parallel passes and exchanged messages. We analyze the results of our simulation programs where the proposed algorithm is compared with its sequential version and with competitive schemes proposed in the literature. 1 The saturation degree heuristic The basic design principles of the Saturation Degree coloring heuristic proposed in [4] is that the first nodes to be colored are those that have more colors already assigned to nodes in the neighborhood. The motivation is that these nodes have a more constrained choice and therefore a higher risk that at a certain moment, having all colors been assigned to neighbors, a new color needs to be introduced, and a higher overall number of different colors will be necessary in future steps. The heuristic is used in [4] to choose the next branching node in the branch &amp; bound algorithm DSATUR. Korman [10], and later Ramanathan [14], recommended choosing a node
Antidepressant profile of 9-methyl-2[-3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinylpropyl)]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta- carbolin-1-one (B-193). (1990)

A potential antidepressant activity of B-193 was studied in mice and rats. In in vitro studies B-193 did not affect the uptake of NA and 5-HT. In in vivo models the tested compound did not influence the reserpine-induced hypothermia, hypoactivity and ptosis, the stimulating action of L-DOPA, the apomorphine-induced hypothermia. On the other hand, it produced a positive effect in the despair test. When given repeatedly, it evoked adaptive changes in brain neurotransmitter receptors, i.e. it decreased the density of beta-adrenoceptors and increased the number of alpha 1 ones; those changes were accompanied with functional alternations in the reactivity of those receptors: an attenuated behavioral reaction to salbutamol and enhanced aggressiveness induced by a high dose of clonidine. Furthermore, B-193 administered repeatedly enhanced hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine but did not influence the stereotypy induced by apomorphine. These results indicate that B-193 possesses properties characteristic for atypical antidepressants.
Protein profiling of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue: Identification of potential biomarkers for pediatric brainstem glioma (2008)

Little is known about the molecular characteristics of pediatric brainstem gliomas (BSG), which continue to have a dismal prognosis. Targeted molecular strategies are limited due to rarity of biopsy BSG specimen coupled with obstacles associated with the analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) autopsies. The objective of this study was to develop methodologies to successfully identify the proteome profile from these archived FFPE specimens. Peptides were extracted from both tumor and adjacent normal FFPE brainstem specimen and quantified using (18) O proteolytic labeling strategy and LC-MS/MS analysis. The ingenuity pathway analysis software was used to elucidate interactions amongst differentially expressed proteins. We identified 188 proteins of which 54 (29%) were found up-regulated (≥1.5-fold) in BSG compared to normal sections. Of these, 15 (28%) proteins have previously been reported as potential biomarkers for supratentorial malignant gliomas, while the rest appear to be exclusive to pediatric BSG. Because the majority of differentially expressed proteins are unique to BSG, we conclude that pediatric BSG is distinct from supratentorial gliomas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteome profile of pediatric BSG, which may facilitate discovery of novel therapeutic targets for early diagnostics and improving prognostics.
Review article: possible beneficial effects of coffee on liver disease and function (2007)

A number of studies have reported the beneficial effects of coffee on abnormal liver biochemistry, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the present time the mechanism of this effect remains unclear as does the ''dose'' required to achieve these benefits.
인간영혼과 지구생명의 공동회복을 향하여: 지구적 위기에 대한 생태심리학적 접근 (2013)

본 소고는 정신병리와 환경파괴의 복합적 현상인 지구적 위기를 극복하는 한 방법으로 생태심리학적 접근을 시도한다. 생태심리학이란 생태학과 심리학을 역동적으로 종합하는 심리학의 새로운 패러다임으로 심리장애와 지구파괴의 상호연관성을 직시하고, 자아와 타자의 관계를 생태적 차원으로 확장시켜, 인간영혼과 지구생명의 공동회복을 추구한다. 본 소고는 생태심리학의 대표적 상징적 모델들을 원초적집단적 트라우마, 아니마 문디, 확장된 자아로 제시하고, 이런 상징들의 남성중심적 한계를 지적하면서 이들의 생태여성학적 재구성을 시도한다. 즉 지구로부터 분리인 원초적 트라우마의 근원을 남성적 초월의식 안에서 발견하며, 만물의 내재적상호관계성을 상징하는 아니마 문디(세계영혼)의 남성중심적 형이상학을 비판한다. 그리고 확장된 자아의 남성중심적 보편성의 위험성을 지적하면서, 자아와 자연의 역동적 일치 안에 있는 생태적 자아를 제시하고, 아니마 문디의 범신론적 모델을 하나님의 몸의 범재신론적 모델로 재구성한다. 이런 생태심리학적 상징적 모델들은 기독교적 심리치료와 상담을 위한 좋은 자원들이 될 수 있을 것이다.
The <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> Platelet BindingProtein GspB Undergoes Glycosylation Independently ofExport (2004)

The binding of bacteria and platelets may play a central role in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Platelet binding by Streptococcus gordonii strain M99 is predominantly mediated by the 286-kDa cell wall-anchored protein GspB. This unusually large protein lacks a typical amino-terminal signal peptide and is translocated from the cytoplasm via a dedicated transport system. A 14-kb segment just downstream of gspB encodes SecA2 and SecY2, two components of the GspB-specific transport system. The downstream segment also encodes several putative glycosyl transferases that may be responsible for the posttranslational modification of GspB. In this study, we compared the abilities of M99 and two GspB(-) mutant strains to bind various lectins. GspB was found to have affinity for lectins that bind N-acetylglucosamine. We also examined variant forms of GspB that lack a carboxy-terminal cell wall-anchoring domain and thus are free of covalent linkage to cell wall peptidoglycan. Like native GspB, these truncated proteins appear to be heavily glycosylated, as evidenced by migration during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular mass >100 kDa in excess of the predicted mass, negligible staining with conventional protein stains, and reactivity with hydrazide following periodate oxidation. Furthermore, analysis of the carbohydrate associated with the GspB variants by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of approximately 70 to 100 monosaccharide residues per GspB polypeptide (primarily N-acetylglucosamine and glucose). Analysis of GspB in protoplasts of secA2 or secY2 mutant strains, which do not export GspB, indicates that GspB is glycosylated in the cytoplasm of these strains. The combined data suggest that the native GspB is a glycoprotein and that it may be glycosylated prior to export.
Topical application of tetracycline in regenerative periodontal surgery in beagles (1987)

This study was designed to test the effect of tetracycline on healing subsequent to periodontal surgery. Aqueous solutions of tetracyclines are highly acidic and may therefore represent a suitable substitute for citric acid. Furthermore, tetracyclines react with dental hard tissues to from long-lasting antimicrobial compounds, and they have a retarding effect on pellicle and plaque formation and an antienzymatic effect. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction in two beagles. The denuded root surfaces were exposed to the oral environment during 3 months without plaque control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out, using root surface conditioning with 1% tetracycline and coronally repositioned flaps. Six months later, histologic evaluation showed connective tissue attachment extending to the cementoenamel junction in most of the specimens. Superficial root resorption was prevalent in the cervical region, below which a collar of replacement resorption partly surrounded the roots in a characteristic manner. Morphometric analysis showed that attachment gain was similar to that obtained with citric acid in a preceding series of seven dogs. These preliminary results indicate that connective tissue attachment gain after topical use of tetracycline is similar to that obtained with citric acid. In addition, the antibacterial capacity and biological effects of tetracycline warrant further study of its possible clinical use in periodontal reconstructive surgery.
Self-Assembly of Flexible Supramolecular Metallacyclic Ensembles:  Structures and Adsorption Properties of Their Nanoporous Crystalline Frameworks (2004)

The syntheses, structures, and N2 adsorption properties of six new supramolecular metallacycles are reported. Flexible ditopic linkers, 1-4, with systematically varied lengths and conformational degrees of freedom were synthesized utilizing ester linkages. They were used in combination with (dppp)M(OTf)2, where M = Pt(II) and Pd(II), and cis-(Me3P)2Pt(OTf)2 to form flexible supramolecular metallacycles 5-10 in 88-98% isolated yields. Their structures were characterized via multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallography. The metallacycles stack to form porous structures in the crystalline state. The pore dimensions depend on both the phosphorus ligands attached to the metals and the flexible linkers. Adsorption studies on the porous materials show that 5a, 6, 8, and 9 held 11.7, 16.5, 5.7, and 6.8 cm3/g STP of N2 at 77 K, respectively. A guest-exchange study with nitromethane and toluene reveals that the nanopore in 5 is flexible, a property which was transferred from the linker to the supramolecular structure in the solid state.
Mood Meter (2012)

Have you ever wondered whether it's possible to quantitatively measure how friendly or welcoming a community is? Or imagined which parts of the community are happier than others? In this work, we introduce a new technology that begins to address these questions.
Coaggregation between probiotic bacteria and caries-associated strains: An<i>in vitro</i>study (2009)

The results demonstrated different abilities of lactobacilli-derived probiotic bacteria to coaggregate with selected oral streptococci. Aggregation assays may be a useful complement for screening of probiotic candidates with possible anti-caries properties.