gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalencia de la infección por Borrelia burgdorgferi y Rickettsia conorii en población humana y canina de la zona básica de salud de San Andrés del Rabanedo (León, España) (1997)

The percentages of positive results discovered in our work, in humans as well as dogs, estimated in the territorial area of a geographical zone in a semi-rural León province, were equal or inferior to those discovered in other provinces, including ours. In dogs there were larger positive results regarding R. conorii than B. burgdorferi, which indicates that it is the most extended agent within our Province, as other authors have pointed out. The values discovered in humans as regards B. burgdorferi were higher than those in dogs; the existence of reactions crossed with other microorganisms may have influenced these results. For this reason, we consider it necessary to conduct more studies on the prevalence to these infections to obtain an appropriate epidemiological surveillance and control of these zoonosis, given their impact on public health.
Catalytic Cracking of n-Dodecane and Diesel Fuel to Improve the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx in Automotive Exhaust Containing Excess Oxygen (1999)

The low exhaust gas temperatures of diesel engines and the chemical composition of diesel fuel is responsible that only a small amount of nitrogen oxides is converted into nitrogen over SCR catalysts based on Pt zeolites. In order to improve the NOx reduction over these types of catalysts, it is investigated if a catalytic cracking process is suitable to convert the diesel fuel into more reactive molecules which should act as reducing agent in the HC-SCR process.
Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Xpert GBS LB Assay for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Prenatal Screening Specimens (2014)

Neonatal infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns. Recent guidelines have recommended universal screening of all pregnant women to identify those colonized with GBS and administration of peripartum prophylaxis to those identified as carriers to reduce the risk of early-onset GBS disease in neonates. Enriched culture methods are the current standard for prenatal GBS screening; however, the implementation of more sensitive molecular diagnostic tests may be able to further reduce the risk of early-onset GBS infection. We report a clinical evaluation of the Xpert GBS LB assay, a molecular diagnostic test for the identification of GBS from broth-enriched vaginal/rectal specimens obtained during routine prenatal screening. A total of 826 specimens were collected from women undergoing prenatal screening (35 to 37 weeks' gestation) and tested at one of three clinical centers. Each swab specimen was tested directly prior to enrichment using the Xpert GBS assay. Following 18 to 24 h of broth enrichment, each specimen was tested using the Xpert GBS LB assay and the FDA-cleared Smart GBS assay as a molecular diagnostic comparator. Results obtained using all three molecular tests were compared to those for broth-enriched culture as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert GBS LB assay were 99.0% and 92.4%, respectively, compared to those for the gold standard culture. The Smart GBS molecular test demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 96.8% and 95.5%, respectively. The sensitivities of the two broth-enriched molecular methods were superior to those for direct testing of specimens using the Xpert GBS assay, which demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 96.2%, respectively.
A direction finding technique for the ULF electromagnetic source (2004)

Abstract. A technique of direction finding is proposed, which can be applied to the magnetic-dipole type source located in the conductive ground. To distinguish a weak ULF source signal from the natural noise a network of multicomponent magnetometers is supposed to be used. The data obtained by the ground-based stations is processed in such a way that a set of partial derivatives of the magnetic perturbations due to the source are found. Comparing these derivatives with theoretical formulae makes it possible, in principle, to find the ULF source parameters such as the distance and amplitude. Averaging the data and a special procedure are proposed in order to exclude random fluctuations in the magnetic moment orientation and to avoid hydrogeological and other local factors.
Cell division, guillotining of dimer chromosomes and SOS induction in resolution mutants (<i>dif</i>, <i>xerC</i> and <i>xerD</i>) of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

We have studied the growth and division of xerC, xerD and dif mutants of Escherichia coli, which are unable to resolve dimer chromosomes. These mutants express the Dif phenotype, which includes reduced viability, SOS induction and filamentation, and abnormal nucleoid morphology. Growth was studied in synchronous cultures and in microcolonies derived from single cells. SOS induction and filamentation commenced after an apparently normal cell division, which sheared unresolved dimer chromosomes. This has been called guillotining. Microcolony analysis demonstrated that cell division in the two daughter cells was inhibited after guillotining, and microcolonies formed that consisted of two filaments lying side by side. Growth of these filaments was severely reduced in hipA+ strains. We propose that guillotining at dif destroys the expression of the adjacent hipBA genes and, in the absence of continued formation of HipB, HipA inhibits growth. The length of the filaments was also affected by SfiA: sfiA dif hipA mutants initially formed filaments, but cell division at the ends of the filaments ultimately produced a number of DNA-negative cells. If SOS induction was blocked by lexA3 (Ind-), filaments did not form, and cell division was not inhibited. However, pedigree analysis of cells in microcolonies demonstrated that lethal sectoring occurred as a result of limited growth and division of dead cells produced by guillotining.
Introduction to Biofuels (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Global Scenario of Biofuel Production and Economy
A Delay-Line Based Motion Detection Chip (1990)

Inspired by a visual motion detection model for the rabbit retina\nand by a computational architecture used for early audition in the\nbarn owl, we have designed a chip that employs a correlation model\nto report the one-dimensional field motion of a scene in real time.\nUsing subthreshold analog VLSI techniques, we have fabricated and\nsuccessfully tested a 8000 transistor chip using a standard MOSIS\nprocess.
Estimating Maximum Concentrations for Open Path Monitoring Along a Fixed Beam Path (1999)

Researchers have applied open path optical sensing techniques to a variety of workplace and environmental monitoring problems. Usually these data are reported in terms of a path-average (or path-integrated) concentration. When assessing potential human exposures along a beam path, this path-average value is not always informative, since concentrations along the path can vary substantially from the beam average. The focus of this research is to arrive at a method for estimating the upper-bound in contaminant concentrations over a fixed open beam path. The approach taken here uses a statistical model to estimate an upper-bound concentration based on a combination of the path-average and a measure of the spatial variability computed from point samples along the beam path. Results of computer simulations and experimental testing in a controlled ventilation chamber indicate that the model produced conservative estimates for the maximum concentration along the beam path. This approach may have many applications for open path monitoring in workplaces or wherever maximum concentrations are a concern.
Demonstration of tissue collagenase activity in vivo and its relationship to inflammation severity in human gingiva (1987)

To directly demonstrate both the presence and in vivo activity of tissue collagenase (EC 3.4.24.7) during gingival inflammation, tissue extracts from 54 specimens of variously inflamed human gingiva were analyzed individually for: a) collagenase‐specific collagen degradation products, and b) collagen‐bound collagenase. The TC A collagen degradation product, identified using SDS‐PAGE, was shown in 13/19 (68.4%) of insoluble tissue‐residue fractions extracted from moderate‐to‐severely inflamed gingiva, but in only 2/21 (9.6%) slight‐to‐mildly inflamed gingival specimens, suggesting differences in the in vivo collagenase activity between the two groups. Using in vitro collagenase assays, gingival collagenase (as bound to insoluble collagen) was demonstrated in 92.8% of the moderate‐to‐severely inflamed gingival specimens and in 50% of the slight‐to‐mildly inflamed gingival specimens. A relationship was established between the active and latent forms of the enzyme and the degree of inflammation. Active enzyme was present in 78% of the moderate‐to‐severely inflamed specimens and in 14% of the slight‐to‐mildly inflamed gingiva. In contrast, latent collagenase was predominant in the slight‐to‐mildly inflamed group (86% of coliagenase‐positive samples) compared with 46% of coliagenase‐positive moderate‐to‐severely inflamed gingival samples. The collagen‐bound gingival collagenase was inhibited by metal ion chelators, sulphydryl reagents and 10% FBS, but not by serine nor thiol‐proteinase inhibitors and is therefore a neutral metalloproteinase.
The NFAT-1 DNA binding complex in activated T cells contains Fra-1 and JunB. (1993)

Activation of T cells induces transcription of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. IL-2 expression is regulated through the binding of transcription factors to multiple sites within the IL-2 enhancer. One such cis-acting element within the IL-2 enhancer is the NFAT-1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells) binding site. NFAT-1 binding activity is absent in resting cells but is induced upon T-cell activation. The induction of NFAT-1 binding activity can be inhibited by cyclosporin A, potentially accounting for the ability of cyclosporin A to inhibit IL-2 production by T cells. We have previously reported that the NFAT-1 binding complex is composed of at least two proteins and that the 5' portion of the NFAT-1 sequence acts as a binding site for one or more proteins from the Ets family of transcription factors. We now report that the 3' portion of the NFAT-1 sequence contains a variant AP-1 binding site. NFAT-1 binding can be specifically inhibited by oligonucleotides containing a consensus AP-1 site. Moreover, mutation of the AP-1 site at the 3' end of the NFAT-1 sequence inhibits both NFAT-1 binding and the ability of the NFAT-1 binding site to activate expression from a reporter plasmid upon T-cell activation. Since AP-1 sites bind dimeric protein complexes composed of individual members of the Fos and Jun families of transcription factors, we used antibodies specific for individual Fos and Jun family members to determine whether they are present in the NFAT-1 binding complex. These experiments demonstrated that the NFAT-1 binding complex contains JunB and Fra-1 proteins. Northern (RNA) blot analyses demonstrate that both fra-1 and junB mRNAs are induced upon T-cell activation, although fra-1 mRNA is present even in quiescent T cells. Of interest, junB is not expressed in quiescent T cells, and it is induced with kinetics that are similar to those for the induction of IL-2 mRNA expression. Taken together, these results suggested that the JunB-Fra-1 heterodimer is the inducible nuclear component of the NFAT-1 binding activity and that JunB expression regulates the formation of the heterodimer. In addition, these data indicated that specific heterodimers of Fos and Jun family members may have selective roles in the induction of transcription during cellular activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Properties of Prostaglandins. Part 10. Synthesis of γ‐Keto Esters and Their Reaction with Some Aluminum and Boron Reagents. (1988)

Abstract The influence of the reducing agent on the formation of the lactones or lactols as well as the mechanisms of formation of these compounds are discussed in detail.
An unexpected similarity between antibiotic-resistant NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis (2011)

NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) gene encodes a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) with high carbapenemase activity, which makes the host bacterial strain easily dispatch the last-resort antibiotics known as carbapenems and cause global concern. Here we present the bioinformatics data showing an unexpected similarity between NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis, a marine microbial isolate. We have further expressed these two mature proteins in E. coli cells, both of which present as a monomer with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay reveals that they share similar substrate specificities and are sensitive to aztreonam and tigecycline. The conformational change accompanied with the zinc binding visualized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Zn(2+)-bound NDM-1, adopts at least some stable tertiary structure in contrast to the metal-free protein. Our work implies a close evolutionary relationship between antibiotic resistance genes in environmental reservoir and in the clinic, challenging the antimicrobial resistance monitoring.
Sample preparation for atomic spectroscopy: evolution and future trends (2003)

Sample preparation is the critical step of any analytical protocol, and involves steps from simple dilution to partial or total dissolution. The methods include dry or wet decomposition of the samples in open or closed systems, using thermal, ultrasonic or radiant (infrared, ultraviolet and microwaves) energy. This review emphasizes sample preparation for atomic spectroscopy. The present and future tendencies for sample preparation also involve on-line dissolution, extraction of the analytes, speciation, solid sample and slurry analysis, in situ and in vivo procedures, etc. Nowadays the goals are the best result, in the shortest time, with minimum contamination, using the smallest quantities of reagents and samples, and having low residue and waste generation, as well as maintaining the integrity of the sample and the traceability of the results, to have quality and confidence in the measurements as the primordial attributes required by the community and by the users.
Use of Synthetic Serum Substitute and alpha-minimum essential medium for the extended culture of human embryos to the blastocyst stage (1997)

This study was designed to provide further information on mouse and human embryo development in alpha-modified minimum essential medium (alphaMEM). First, we compared the development and implantation potential of murine in-vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos cultured in alphaMEM, in the presence and absence of co-culture cells. No significant difference was observed in blastocyst rate between alphaMEM alone (76.2%) and alphaMEM plus co-culture (79.9%). The percentage of hatched blastocysts was, however, higher with co-culture (47.5 versus 40%, P < 0.01). Transfer of blastocysts to pseudopregnant foster mothers resulted in similar live birth rates (14.9% alphaMEM alone versus 19.8% alphaMEM/co-culture). alphaMEM was also introduced into our clinical IVF programme for culture of human embryos beyond day 3. Spare human embryos were cultured under oil in microdrops of alphaMEM supplemented with 10% synthetic serum substitute. Blastocysts were evaluated for maturity and the presence and organization of the inner cell mass. A total of 206 embryos from 53 IVF patients underwent extended culture. The overall blastocyst rate was 45.1%. An inner cell mass was observed in 76 blastocysts (81.7%). With regard to developmental maturity, approximately 73% of blastocysts that had been frozen were expanding (cavity > 50% embryo volume) or fully expanded. These data suggest that alphaMEM in conjunction with a commercial protein preparation such as Synthetic Serum Substitute may be a good basal medium for culture of human embryos to the blastocyst stage.
Fully symmetric nulling beam combiners (2001)

A simple method of nulling broadband light is presented. A mirror-symmetric pair of right-angle periscopes is first used to introduce a geometric field flip between two incident light beams, after which the light is combined by means of one of a number of constructive two-beam interferometers. A reciprocal pair of beam-splitter passages provides for complete symmetry. Such an approach greatly eases beam-splitter design requirements and should find use both in initial ground-based nulling experiments and ultimately in space-borne interferometers targeted at direct extrasolar planet detection.
Using a two-dimensional electron gas to study nonequilibrium tunneling dynamics and charge storage in self-assembled quantum dots (2009)

We demonstrate a strong influence of charged self-assembled quantum dots (QD) on the conductance of a nearby two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A conductance measurement of the 2DEG allows us to probe the charge tunneling dynamics between the 2DEG and the QDs in nonequilibrium as well as close to equilibrium. Measurements of hysteresis curves with different sweep times and time-resolved conductance measurements enable us to unambiguously identify the transients as tunneling events between the 2DEG and QD states.
[Results of a field study on the therapeutic value of aprotinin in traumatic shock (author's transl)]. (1976)

In the years 1971 to 1973 the therapeutic effect of Trasylol (aprotinin isolated from bovine organs) in the treatment of the traumatic shock was investigated in a controlled field study at 31 hospitals in northern Germany. The study included 4686 patients. There could be proved a significant reduction in letality by Trasylol treatment even under the broad conditions of general field application. The therapeutic activity of Trasylol was most efficient when Trasylol was applied within 30 min after the trauma and consists especially of a better prognostic for further development. The letality after 12 h is remarkably reduced by an early application of Trasylol and posttraumatic surgical operations have a significantly lower risk.
T-type Ca2+ channels are required for adrenocorticotropin-stimulated cortisol production by bovine adrenal zona fasciculata cells. (1993)

The function of low voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ channels in ACTH-stimulated cortisol production by bovine adrenal zona fasciculata cells (AZF) was explored in patch clamp and secretion studies. Nearly all AZF cells expressed only a low voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ current (IT) that was blocked by the diphenylbutylpiperidine (DPBP) Ca2+ antagonists penfluridol and pimozide with IC50S of 0.3 and 0.5 microM, respectively. Dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ antagonists, including nimodipine, nisoldipine, and felodipine, also blocked T-type Ca2+ current with IC50S ranging from 3.5-8.8 microM. Inhibition of IT by DPBP and DHP antagonists was voltage and use dependent. ACTH (1 nM) stimulated large (> 50-fold) increases in cortisol production by AZF cells, which were inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists at concentrations similar to those which blocked IT. Inhibition of cortisol production by Ca2+ antagonists was specific; ACTH-induced insulin-like growth factor-I production by AZF cells was not affected by DPBP antagonists. The L channel-specific DHP Ca2+ agonist (-)Bay K 8644 did not enhance basal or ACTH-stimulated cortisol synthesis. These results demonstrate that functional T-rather than L-type Ca2+ channels are required for ACTH-stimulated cortisol synthesis. They also suggest that these low voltage-activated channels, acting as the primary pathway for Ca2+ entry into AZF cells, couple ACTH-stimulated membrane depolarization to steroid hormone production.
Molecular Stratification of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (2010)

Research focused on the analysis and classification of breast tumors, primarily using DNA microarrays and patterns of gene expression, has resulted in distinct tumor subtypes. Although no knowledge of patient survival or outcomes was used to derive these gene descriptions, these different classes based upon patterns of gene expression have important prognostic implications. Predictive markers in estrogen receptor-negative and triple-negative disease will be particularly important because in the absence of therapy, these tumor subtypes tend to have a poor prognosis. In addition, the claudin-low subgroup has been found to be common within the triple-negative cancers and may have further prognostic and therapeutic implications. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer do benefit from chemotherapy, but better treatment options are needed that are less toxic, reduce the risk of disease progression, and are more targeted to this patient population. Potential treatments include poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and therapies that target cancer stem cells could also have an important impact in these patients. This article will focus on the molecular stratification of triple-negative breast cancers and the therapeutic implications of these classifications.
Reactive Power Control Strategies for DFIG-Based Plants (2007)

This paper explores and compares the performance of alternative voltage control strategies applied to doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Different combinations of reactive power control of rotor- and grid-side converters are investigated for voltage-control purposes. Simulations are performed using detailed models built in DIgSILENT PowerFactory in order to illustrate the influence of controllers on transient stability and steady-state operation of the DFIG-based wind plant. This paper also proposes appropriate control strategies for different sets of network operating conditions and topologies. Operational limits, such as current margins and pulse-width modulation limits, are also taken into account.
Triangulation: Why Optimize? (2019)

For decades, it has been widely accepted that the gold standard for two-view triangulation is to minimize the cost based on reprojection errors. In this work, we challenge this idea. We propose a novel alternative to the classic midpoint method that leads to significantly lower 2D errors and parallax errors. It provides a numerically stable closed-form solution based solely on a pair of backprojected rays. Since our solution is rotationally invariant, it can also be applied for fisheye and omnidirectional cameras. We show that for small parallax angles, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of combined 2D, 3D and parallax accuracy, while achieving comparable speed.
Potentiometric anion selectivities of polymer membranes doped with indium(III)‐porphyrins (1991)

Abstract The potentiometric anion responses of polymeric membranes doped with various indium (III)‐porphyrin structures are examined. The appropriate membranes are prepared by incorporating 1.0 wt % of the In(III)‐porphyrins in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) films. When such membranes are incorporated within standard ion selective electrode bodies, the resulting electrodes display non‐Hofmeister anion selectivity, with a particularly enhanced and super‐Nernstian response to chloride. Among those porphyrins investigated, membranes doped with chloro(octaethylporphyrinato)indium(III) yield the largest and most reproducible potentiometric anion responses. These same membrane electrodes exhibit negligible response to protons (or hydroxide) in the range of pH 4.5–9.0. When utilized as a flow‐injection detector in conjunction with a protein diluent/buffer stream, the In(III)‐porphyrin based electrodes may be used to determine chloride levels in human serum samples.