gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive visualization and interpretation of geologic surfaces in 3‐D seismic data (2009)

A unified approach is presented for the interactive exploration of seismic datasets in real‐time. This method combines 3‐D structure analysis and implicit surface modeling with a real‐time visualization by working directly on a graphics processing unit (GPU). A streaming level set algorithm steers a surface according to features in seismic data and immediately visualizes the results. This technique is implemented using the CUDA programming environment and results are compared to a CPU implementation to show the benefits of using the GPU for seismic data interpretation. A user study is conducted in order to demonstrate real‐world usability of the technique. The results present a new interactive visualization system for interpreting geologic surfaces in seismic datasets such as faults, channels, and geobodies.
An independent relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave velocity in normal humans (2010)

This study provides the first evidence that PWV is linked to MSNA in normal humans. The relationship between MSNA and PWV is independent of age, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, heart rate, pulse pressure or blood pressure.
Complement Deposits on Ocular Tissues Adjacent to Sites of Inflammation (2007)

Our observations suggest that ocular tissues adjacent to inflammatory sites undergo changes that facilitate complement deposition.
Reading and Writing Our Own Stories: The Alternative Reading Group (2002)

Since women are the primary participants in most reading groups in Taiwan, this research experiments with the use of women's personal narratives in one such group. Reading of ordinary women's personal narratives encourages women to reflect on their own lives and then write out their own life stories. Further, with the sense of community that this reading and writing generates, women may come to a better recognition of their own value. This group, comprising ten middle-aged women, held two-hour meetings once a week for twenty weeks. In the reading phase, the participants read 7 publications of women's personal narratives, which came in various forms such as letters, diaries, autobiographies, oral testimonies, and biographies. In the writing phase, the participants wrote their life stories, dwelling on themes of family, education, women and the body, the family-in-law, care-giving, appearance, and miscellany. This exercise led to three kinds of results. First, the reading of ordinary women's personal narratives introduced participants with the form and content of writing life stories. Then, the writing of their own life stories enabled the women participants to re-evaluate their past. Third, with the reading, writing, and group sharing, a collection of writing or what I call a ‘community of narratives’ was formed. This helped the participants recognize the differences amongst them and at the same time to value their own experience.
The RNA degradosome in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: identification of CshA as the major RNA helicase in the multiprotein complex (2010)

In most organisms, dedicated multiprotein complexes, called exosome or RNA degradosome, carry out RNA degradation and processing. In addition to varying exoribonucleases or endoribonucleases, most of these complexes contain a RNA helicase. In the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, a RNA degradosome has recently been described; however, no RNA helicase was identified. In this work, we tested the interaction of the four DEAD box RNA helicases encoded in the B. subtilis genome with the RNA degradosome components. One of these helicases, CshA, is able to interact with several of the degradosome proteins, i.e. RNase Y, the polynucleotide phosphorylase, and the glycolytic enzymes enolase and phosphofructokinase. The determination of in vivo protein-protein interactions revealed that CshA is indeed present in a complex with polynucleotide phosphorylase. CshA is composed of two RecA-like domains that are found in all DEAD box RNA helicases and a C-terminal domain that is present in some members of this protein family. An analysis of the contribution of the individual domains of CshA revealed that the C-terminal domain is crucial both for dimerization of CshA and for all interactions with components of the RNA degradosome, including RNase Y. A transfer of this domain to CshB allowed the resulting chimeric protein to interact with RNase Y suggesting that this domain confers interaction specificity. As a degradosome component, CshA is present in the cell in similar amounts under all conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that CshA is the functional equivalent of the RhlB helicase of the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome.
Josephson Junctions with Tunnel Barriers Grown Via In Situ Atomic Layer Deposition (2014)

Since the 1970's, silicon technology has increased processing power by increasing the density of silicon transistors according to Moore's Law. However, silicon transistor feature sizes are approaching a minimum size limit, and a new paradigm is required to continue progress. Quantum computing is a promising paradigm that relies on the entanglement of macroscopic quantum objects, called qubits, to perform calculations. Josephson junction (JJ) based qubits are a promising candidate for the implementation of quantum computers. However, JJ qubits have suffered from poor coherence. A major source of decoherence in JJ qubits is two-level fluctuators in the insulating materials of the JJ circuit, particularly oxygen vacancies and interstitials in the thermally oxidized tunnel barrier. In order to realize the full potential of JJ qubits, an alternative method to thermal oxidation must be found for tunnel barrier growth. This work explores using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the growth of ultrathin (~ 1 nm) tunnel barriers in JJs. A unique thin film deposition tool was built which integrates ultra-high vacuum sputtering with ALD in situ. The growth of ALD-Al2O3 on in situ sputtered Al films was studied in depth. Atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry were used to determine that ALD-Al2O3 grows conformally on Al, but a ~ 2 nm thermally oxidized interfacial layer (IL) develops between the Al and Al2O3 for ALD films > 2 nm. The thickness of this IL decreased when the Al film was 2 nm. The thickness of this IL decreased when the Al film was < 2 nm, confirming the IL is a thermal oxide. As a proof of concept, Nb/Al/ALD-Al2O3/Nb trilayers with ultrathin (< 1 nm) tunnel barriers were grown and processed into JJs. The junction specific resistance and gap current density were found to depend exponentially on the ALD film thickness, indicating that the tunnel barrier thickness can be controlled by ALD. Despite evidence for an estimated 0.8 nm interfacial layer in the ultrathin tunnel barrier, this work incontrovertibly concludes that ALD can be used to produce quality JJs.
Influence of silicon concentration and layering of molybdenum silicide on the reliability of Al–Si–Cu interconnections (1991)

The influence of Si concentration on the stress induced migration resistance and the electrical resistivity change from silicon precipitates of Al–Si–Cu and Al–Si–Cu/MoSi2 interconnections was investigated. Electromigration of Al–Si–Cu/MoSi2 was examined as a function of MoSi2 thickness. A 1.5 wt. % Si concentration in aluminum alloy prevented grain growth and improved the stress induced migration resistance of the interconnections. However, this amount of Si addition caused resistance increases, because Si precipitates grew to the point that they were the same size as the interconnection linewidth. Layering of the Al–Si–Cu alloy containing 0.7 wt. % Si with MoSi2 improved the stress induced migration resistance of aluminum interconnections and prevented the resistance increases. Furthermore, increasing MoSi2 thickness improved electromigration resistance of layered interconnections. For MoSi2 thickness of &gt;30 nm, electromigration resistance was better than that of single layer Al–Si–Cu interconnections.
Predicting the Coordination Number within Copper Chaperones: Atox1 as Case Study (2012)

The concentration of copper ions in biological systems is tightly regulated by metallochaperone proteins which are responsible for Cu(I) delivery to designated locations in the cell. These proteins contain a unique motif (MXCXXC) that binds Cu(I) very tightly and specifically but at the same time allows efficient metal transfer to target proteins that often contain a similar copper binding motif. It was found that binding to Cu(I) is achieved through the two cysteine residues in a low coordination number of 2-3 due to possible binding of a third external ligand. Understanding copper transport requires better understanding of copper coordination. Here we therefore focused on establishing a computational method that can predict the coordination number of copper in copper chaperones. The method is shown to be successful in predicting the coordination of Cu(I) within the human copper chaperone (Atox1). Based on the results, a possible rationale for this unique Cu(I) dicoordination in Atox1 is suggested.
Truncated apoE forms tangle-like structures in a neuronal cell line (2002)

Apolipoprotein E is the predominant brain lipoprotein and polymorphic variation in the APOE gene the major genetic susceptibly factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently it was reported that carboxyl-truncated ApoE fragments induce tangle-like structures in neurons. We confirm the finding: in mouse neuroblastoma cells truncated apoE fragments lacking the carboxyterminus induce structures that have the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles. However these tangles are not induced in non-neuronal cells even in the presence of co-expressed neurofilaments or tau. Further understanding of the basis of this cell specificity might add to understanding of the cell specificity of tangles in AD.
Decreasing curing temperature of spin-on dielectrics by using additives (2014)

Spin-on dielectric (SOD) is widely used in semiconductor industry, to form insulating layers including shallow trench isolation (STI) or inter-layer dielectrics (ILD). SOD has several advantages over high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) for manufacturing process, such as less defect and higher throughput. However, both SOD and HDP-CVD have a drawback, which is a high temperature curing process required to make pure silicon oxide layers. High temperature curing could cause high stress and thermal distortion. These disadvantages are becoming more problematic as the semiconductor device shrinks. To resolve the problem, we tested several additives to moderate the curing temperature. It was found out that amine compounds were effective to convert SOD polymer into silicon oxide, therefore the curing process could be performed at a lower temperature. We also observed that the SOD films containing amine additives have higher etch resistance during a wet etch process. These results, as well as the lower curing temperature, are beneficial for manufacturing insulating layers. Further investigation is ongoing to characterize other film properties of the SOD with additives, and to optimize the formulation conditions according to the requirements of manufacturing processes.
An analytical algorithm for skew‐slit imaging geometry with nonuniform attenuation correction (2006)

The pinhole collimator is currently the collimator of choice in small animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging because it can provide high spatial resolution and reasonable sensitivity when the animal is placed very close to the pinhole. It is well known that if the collimator rotates around the object (e.g., a small animal) in a circular orbit to form a cone-beam imaging geometry with a planar trajectory, the acquired data are not sufficient for an exact artifact-free image reconstruction. In this paper a novel skew-slit collimator is mounted instead of the pinhole collimator in order to significantly reduce the image artifacts caused by the geometry. The skew-slit imaging geometry is a more generalized version of the pinhole imaging geometry. The multiple pinhole geometry can also be extended to the multiple-skew-slit geometry. An analytical algorithm for image reconstruction based on the tilted fan-beam inversion is developed with nonuniform attenuation compensation. Numerical simulation shows that the axial artifacts are evidently suppressed in the skew-slit images compared to the pinhole images and the attenuation correction is effective.
Reaktionen mit Imidsäureestern, X<sup>1)</sup> Neue 4‐Hydroxy‐thieno[2.3‐d]‐ und ‐thieno[3.2‐d]pyrimidine (1968)

Abstract 3‐Amino‐thiophen‐carbonsäure‐(2)‐methylester reagiert mit freien Imidsäureestern zu 2‐substituierten 4‐Hydroxy‐thieno[3.2‐ d ]pyrimidinen ( 1 ). Derivate der 2‐Amino‐thiophencarbonsäure‐(3)‐äthylester bilden entsprechend 2‐substit. 4‐Hydroxy‐thieno[2.3‐ d ]pyrimidine ( 2 – 7 ). Die in 2‐Stellung unsubstituierten Verbindungen 1a – 7a werden aus den genannten Aminothiophencarbonsäureestern in Formamid erhalten.
Fabrication of Graphene Nanodisk Arrays Using Nanosphere Lithography (2009)

Ordered graphene nanodisk arrays have been successfully fabricated by combining nanosphere lithography and reactive ion etching (RIE) processes. The dimension of graphene nanodisks can be effectively tuned by varying the size of polystyrene spheres, which function as masks during RIE. Low-voltage scanning electron microscopy shows that the graphene sheet could be readily patterned into periodic disklike nanostructures by oxygen RIE. Raman mapping and spectroscopy further visualize such nanodisk arrays and reveal that the nature of disks are crystalline single layer graphene. This work demonstrates an efficient and manageable way to pattern graphene. By consideration of the periodicity, nanometer dimension, and high edge density compared to large-area graphene sheets, graphene nanodisk arrays, such two-dimensional assembly of carbon atoms, offer intrisic advantages in various electronic and spintronic fabrications.
Directional Coupler Modulators For High Speed Diagnostics (1986)

We discuss the design, fabrication, and evaluation of integrated optical devices for application to high speed diagnostic systems. In particular, we focus on directional coupler modulators designed for analog modulation of large signals at 810 nm.
Extrathymic origin of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes bearing T-cell antigen receptor gamma delta. (1991)

The kinetics of postnatal intestinal colonization by T cells carrying gamma delta and alpha beta T-cell antigen receptors were studied in nude and normal mice by flow cytometry and immunohistology. Furthermore, gamma delta and alpha beta T-cell development was analyzed in lethally irradiated mice that were reconstituted by fetal liver precursors with or without a thymus. Our results establish that a major subpopulation of gamma delta intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes is produced from uncommitted precursors at extrathymic sites. This work further shows that a small pool of T cells carrying alpha beta T-cell receptors can also differentiate extrathymically from CD3- fetal liver precursors but with rates of production and peripheral expansion much reduced as compared with those observed in thymus-bearing animals.
Mode S data link applications for general aviation (2002)

The Mode S data link is a high capacity air/ground digital communications system that can deliver information to the cockpit in a form that will significantly improve pilot situational awareness and aircraft utility. The FAA is deploying Mode S surveillance sensors with data link capability at 143 sites across the United States. Three Mode S data link applications: Traffic Information Service, Text Weather Service, and Graphical Weather Service have been developed to meet the specific needs of General Aviation. Traffic Information Service uses the surveillance capability inherent in the Mode S sensor to provide the pilot with a display of nearby traffic. Text Weather Service and Graphical Weather Service provide a means to deliver real-time weather text and graphics to the cockpit. An additional Mode S data link application, the use of the Mode S quitter for Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B), also offers significant benefits to GA. Low-cost avionics have been developed to support these, and other Mode S data link applications for General Aviation.
MgB<sub>2</sub>tapes made of mechanically alloyed precursor powder in different metallic sheaths (2007)

MgB2 tapes have been made by the powder-in-tube technique using precursor powder prepared by mechanical alloying and deformed in Fe, Nb and Ti sheaths by two-axial and flat rolling. The best core uniformity and the highest core density were obtained for Ti sheathed tape. Different Jc values and current anisotropies were measured for applied sheath materials after the same deformation and heat treatment at 600 °C for 3 h or at 650 °C for 0.5 h, which is discussed and related to the interface reaction and to MgB2 core density and texture. The MgB2/Ti tape having the strongest sheath and the smoothest core/sheath interface has the best texture of MgB2 and consequently also the largest anisotropy ratio.
Language support for interoperable messaging in sensor networks (2005)

Development of network communication in a homogeneous sensor network environment is straightforward as the nodes can share message layouts simply by letting the compiler lay out messages in an arbitrary fashion and using the same executable code on all nodes. However, this simple approach does not usually work in a heterogeneous sensor network setting because different compilers may generate different message layouts, and different processors often have different basic type representations and alignments. The traditional solutions to this problem is to either require programmers to insert network-byte-order and host-byte-order conversions, or to use a compiler that automatically generates marshalling and unmarshalling routines. Unfortunately, these approaches are in-adequate for sensor networks because they are either error-prone and/or add significant overheads to already resource-constrained sensor motes. Instead, we propose a language extension --- network types --- which supports heterogeneous networking in a simple and efficient way. We have implemented network types in the nesC, the language of the TinyOS sensor network operating system and its applications. We have used network types to supports heterogeneous networking between micaz and telos motes (which have different alignment restrictions). We also show that our implementation introduces a negligible amount of overhead in runtime and code size. Network types have the additional benefit of requiring few changes to existing TinyOS code.
Connexon‐mediated cell adhesion drives microtissue self‐assembly (2010)

Microtissue self-assembly is thought to be driven primarily by cadherins, while connexons have been examined mainly in intercellular coupling. We investigated whether connexon 43 (Cx43)-mediated cell adhesion modulates self-assembly of human KGN granulosa cells, normal human fibroblasts (NHFs), and MCF-7 breast cancer cells seeded into nonadhesive agarose gels. We found that treatment with anti-Cx43 E2 (112 μg/ml), which suppresses Cx43 docking, significantly inhibited the kinetics of KGN and NHF self-assembly compared to the preimmune sera control (41.1 ± 4.5 and 24.5 ± 10.4% at 8 h, respectively). Likewise, gap junction inhibitor carbenoxolone also inhibited self-assembly of KGN, NHF, and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner that was specific to cell type. In contrast, Gap26 connexin mimetic peptide, which inhibits channel permeability but not docking, accelerated self-assembly of KGN and NHF microtissues. Experiments using selective enzymatic digestion of cell adhesion molecules and neutralizing N-cadherin antibodies further showed that self-assembly was comparably disrupted by inhibiting connexin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion. These findings demonstrate that connexon-mediated cell adhesion and intercellular communication differentially influence microtissue self-assembly, and that their contributions are comparable to those of cadherins.
GPS/IRS AIME: Calculation of Thresholds and Protection Radius Using Chi-Square Methods. (1995)

A mathematical justification for AIME is developed, and
it is compared with the mathematical justification for
RAIM. It is seen that the mathematical bases for the two
approaches is essentially the same. The test statistic for
AIME is based on the residuals in the innovations
process of the Kalman filter, rather than the residuals
from the instantaneous “snapshot” least squares solution
used in RAIM. This is logical since the Kalman filter
residual is the difference between measured Pseudo
Range to each satellite and the predicted Pseudo Range
from the estimated solution, which is the least squares
solution based on all past measurements.
Rather than the parity transformation used in RAIM,
AlME transforms the residuals to the principal axes
(eigenvectors) of the ellipsoid for the n dimensional
normal distribution of the residuals. It is shown that any
deterministic failure of a satellite leads to a non-central
chi square distribution. This makes it possible to
determine the exact probabilities for failure detection and
exclusion on a single covariance nm, which corresponds
to an infinite number of Monte Carlo runs.
Construction and Analytical Application of Internal Amplification Controls (IAC) for Detection of Food Supply Chain-Relevant Viruses by Real-Time PCR-Based Assays (2011)

Internal amplification controls (IACs) were constructed for incorporation into real-time nucleic acid amplification assays for bovine polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, human adenovirus, human norovirus genogroup I, human norovirus genogroup II, murine norovirus and porcine adenovirus. The addition of optimised amounts of IAC into the assays did not affect the limits of detection for each specific target virus. A poorly performed extraction of viral nucleic acids was simulated, and the effectiveness of IACs in identifying failed assays was demonstrated. The IACs constructed in this study can be reliably used in their specific assays to provide a robust control that can be routinely applied in the analysis of foods for viruses.
Multiplexed illumination for scene recovery in the presence of global illumination (2011)

Global illumination effects such as inter-reflections and subsurface scattering result in systematic, and often significant errors in scene recovery using active illumination. Recently, it was shown that the direct and global components could be separated efficiently for a scene illuminated with a single light source. In this paper, we study the problem of direct-global separation for multiple light sources. We derive a theoretical lower bound for the number of required images, and propose a multiplexed illumination scheme which achieves this lower bound. We analyze the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristics of the proposed illumination multiplexing method in the context of direct-global separation. We apply our method to several scene recovery techniques requiring multiple light sources, including shape from shading, structured light 3D scanning, photometric stereo, and reflectance estimation. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately recover scene information with fewer images compared to sequentially separating direct-global components for each light source.