gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Organizations of MoO<sub>3</sub> Nanoplatelets with Single-Crystalline MoO<sub>3</sub>(4,4‘-bipyridyl)<sub>0.5</sub> (2003)

We report a novel assembly approach for fabrication of molybdenum trioxide nanoplatelets with precise controls of stack architecture and crystallographic phase (either β-MoO3 or α-MoO3, or their mixture) at 300−450 °C. The self-assembly of these metal oxides occurs within a predefined space of original hybrid single-crystals (i.e., the assemblies have a dimension as large as 50−250 μm), and an overall oxide assembly is strictly integrated throughout the original crystal space provided. In this sense, each single-crystal of the hybrid precursor can be viewed as a microscopic “green compact” analogous to the macroscopic one in ceramic processing.
Cartilage protection by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors after intraarticular injection of interleukin-1? in rats (1999)

Our findings show that in rats: 1) NO may be an early mediator of the effect of IL-1beta on cartilage, 2) NO inhibition may have therapeutic relevance, although it is not sufficient to fully reverse the deleterious effects of IL-1beta, 3) among NOS inhibitors tested, only amino acid derivatives are effective, 4) protection can be achieved by local administration of NOS inhibitors, and 5) systemic and sustained delivery of the NOS inhibitor with the highest efficacy after intraarticular injection provides the most benefit.
Risk factors for spontaneous abortion: a case-control study in France (1991)

A case-control study was conducted in seven maternity hospitals in the Paris area in 1988 to evaluate the role of several risk factors in spontaneous abortion. A total of 279 cases and 279 controls were compared for socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history and for conditions of conception. Prior fetal losses [odds ratio (OR) = 2.30 for n greater than or equal to 2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-4.61] and maternal age at pregnancy (greater than 30 years) appeared to be major and independent risk factors of spontaneous abortion. Other factors associated with an increased risk of fetal loss were: geographical or ethnic origin (OR = 2.85 for North African women; 95% CI = 1.58-5.10); psychological problems at the time of conception, either related to the outcome of the pregnancy (OR = 3.08; 95% CI = 0.92-10.25) or unrelated to this outcome (OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.41-8.00). The following factors were not associated with spontaneous abortion: gravidity, parity, prior induced abortion, prior sexually transmitted diseases and Chlamydia trachomatis serology, menstrual cycle abnormalities, induced conception cycle and in-vitro fertilization, cigarette smoking, current or past use of combined oestrogen/progestagen pill or intrauterine device. These findings confirm the importance of two risk factors for fetal loss: maternal age and number of prior spontaneous abortions. Two risk factors, ethnic origin and psychological problems at the time of conception are also identified, which require further study.
New inhibitors for copper corrosion (2001)

Abstract The study of the effectiveness of several potential copper corrosion inhibitors in acidic media was studied. The investigated thiazole derivative functional groups contain heterocyclic atoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Thiazole derivatives, 5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (BDT) 5-(4¢-isopropylbenzylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (IPBDT), 5-(3¢-thenylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (TDT), and 5-(3¢,4¢-dimetoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (MBDT) were tested for copper corrosion inhibition properties. The electrolyte solution was 0.1 M Na2SO4. In situ information on corrosion and inhibition processes can be obtained using different techniques. Electrochemical measurements (EIS), in situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM), in addition to quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were applied. Those methods are very useful owing to their high sensitivity and resolution. Dynamic STM and AFM measurements on Cu(111) single-crystal electrode with and without the addition of some inhibitors were performed. The presence of the isopropyl group in the case of IPBDT produced far better protection against copper corrosion in acidic sulfate-containing media than the rest of the derivatives.
Spectro-Electrochemical Examination of the Formation of Dimethyl Carbonate from CO and Methanol at Different Electrode Materials (2017)

In this work, we report a fundamental mechanistic study of the electrochemical oxidative carbonylation of methanol with CO for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate on metallic electrodes at low overpotentials. For the first time, the reaction was shown to take place on the metallic catalysts without need of oxidized metals or additives. Moreover, in-situ spectroelectrochemical techniques were applied to this electrosynthesis reaction in order to reveal the reaction intermediates and to shed light into the reaction mechanism. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was used with different electrode materials (Au, Pd, Pt, and Ag) to assess the effect of the electrode material on the reaction and the dependence of products and intermediates on the applied potentials. It was observed that the dimethyl carbonate is only formed when the electrode is able to decompose/oxidize MeOH to form (adsorbed) methoxy groups that can further react with CO to dimethyl carbonate. Furthermore, the electrode needs to adsorb CO not too strongly; otherwise, further reaction will be inhibited because of surface poisoning by CO.
Spherical Aberration Measurement with Shearing Interferometer Using Fourier Imaging and Moiré Method (1975)

The experimental and quantitative study of the measurement of the lateral spherical aberration with the shearing interferometer using Fourier imaging and the moire method is given. When the aberration of a camera lens with small f/number(1.7) is measured with an optical arrangement employing the spherical wavefront as a reference at the observation plane, the distortion correction of the obtained fringes is necessary. However, the fringe pattern directly illustrating the lateral spherical aberration can be obtained by the proposed optical arrangement using the plane reference wavefront, without correcting the fringe distortion.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DOWNTOWN RESTRUCTURING: THE CASE OF NEW YORK CITY'S FINANCIAL DISTRICT (1996)

Among central-city land-use districts, the financial district traditionally has been the most locationally stable. Advances in building and business technology, such as steel frame contruction, the passenger elevator, and the telephone, have been accommodated through refitting existing sites. The changes in building technology required by modern, global financial companies, particularly the large horizontal footplates that exceed the size of traditional sites, have finally loosened the concentrated business district location. In downtown Manhattan, the result has been a doughnut shape, as large financial institutions have moved to the periphery, leaving Wall Street with back-office functions. The obsolescence of traditional locations imposed by a building technology that favors horizontal over vertical spaces may be offset by the perceived need for face-to-face contact. The degree to which financial institutions in world cities maintain a dispersed but identifiable district in the future may be an accurate measure of the value of urban propinquity.
Effects of processing on the microstructure of oat (Avena sativa) bran concentrate and the physicochemical properties of isolated beta-glucans (1992)

Fluorescence mi croscopy was used to study th e micro structure of oat cell wall s during concentrati on of oat bran and isolati on of ,8-glucan s. The bran concen­ trate separated from c.v . Nasta contained mainl y th e al eurone and subaleurone endosperm la yers, wh ereas that separated from a commercial bran mixture co ntained more endosperm . In contrast to Nasta , the commercial bran mixture contained ,8-g lucan degrading en zy mes, which survi ved th e ,8-g lu can isolati on procedure. In th e presence of enzymes, th e solubility and yield of ,8-glu­ cans improved but the vi scosity decreased when it was measured at the same ,B-glucan concentration. For inactivati on of th e enzy mes, 80 % ethanol at 78 oc was more effectiv e than 80 % o r 94 % ethanol at 60 •c or 94 % eth anol at 78 •c. The yield o f 11-glu can ex tracted was hi gher fr om Nasta bran concentrate than fro m co m­ mercial bran concentrate, and aft e r alkaline ex trac ti on th e Nasta solid residue exhibited int ense red flu orescence in th e aleurone and subaleuro ne endosperm cell wa ll s. The solid residue from commercial bran had a reas of starchy endosperm cell wall s prov ided th e 11-glucan de­ grading enzy mes were inactivated.
Data compression for storing and transmitting ECG's/VCG's (1977)

A data compression technique is given which yields a compression ratio slightly better than 12 to 1 for cardiogrmns and is implementable with either a mini- or microcomputer. The technique involves two applications of the discrete Karhunen-Loève expansion, intrinsic components, principal factors, or principal components, all synonyms. The first application reduces the effects of respiration and the various orientations of different patients' hearts, and requires the solution of a 3 × 3 matrix eigenvalue, eigenvector problem for each beat. The second application involves expressing the transformed cardiogram in a Kathunen-Loève series, and requires the solution of the eigenvalue, eigenvector problem for a large matrix. However, the solution, which must be obtained only once for all time, can be performed off line. (The same eigenvectors are used for all patients.) Comparisons are given of the cardiograms reconstructed from the compressed data with the original cardiograms.
Application of force fill Al-plug technology to 64 Mb DRAM and 0.35 μm logic (2002)

A novel high pressure (60 MPa) force fill Al-plug technology has been previously shown to be suitable for sub-half micron contact and via hole filling. This paper describes the first application of the new aluminum force fill technology to actual ULSI circuits-64 Mb DRAMs and 0.35 /spl mu/m Logic devices. For both applications, improved electrical performance and superior or equivalent yield has been demonstrated for the high pressure Al-plug approach as compared with the standard hole filling process (W-plug for logic devices and W-liner for DRAMs). Full bit functional 64 Mb generation DRAMs fabricated using the new aluminum force fill technology show nominal electrical behavior with no anomalous reliability issues.
Ultrastructure of the Dog Cardiac Muscle Cell (1959)

Observations on the cellular structure of the dog heart as seen in the electron microscope are described. Electronmicrographs illustrate the ultrastructure of the dog myocardial cell, especially the relationships of the intercalated disc and the sarcolemma to form the cell boundaries and the relationships of the myofibrils and "Z" bands to the sarcolemma which result in an "accordion-like" appearance of the cell after contraction.
FDA Approves Anti-PD-1 Drug for Advanced Melanoma (2014)

The FDA granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for treating patients with advanced melanoma who are no longer responding to other drugs.
Molecular characterization of NSCL, a gene encoding a helix-loop-helix protein expressed in the developing nervous system. (1992)

We report here the molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of an additional member of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcription factors, NSCL. The NSCL gene was identified based on its hybridization to the previously described hemopoietic HLH gene, SCL. Murine NSCL cDNA clones were obtained from a day 11.5 mouse embryo cDNA library. The coding region is 399 base pairs and encodes a predicted protein of 14.8 kDa. The nucleotide sequence shows 71% identity and the amino acid sequence shows 61% identity to murine SCL in the HLH domain. The NSCL protein-coding region terminates six amino acids beyond the second amphipathic helix of the HLH domain. Expression of NSCL was detected in RNA from mouse embryos between 9.5 and 14.5 days postcoitus, with maximum levels of expression at 10.5-12 days. Examination of 12- and 13-day mouse embryos by in situ hybridization revealed expression of NSCL in the developing nervous system. The NSCL gene was mapped to murine chromosome 1. The very restricted pattern of NSCL expression suggests an important role for this HLH protein in neurological development.
The Role of the Federal Government in Regulating the Sharing Economy (2018)

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ANCHOR: a web server and database for analysis of protein-protein interaction binding pockets for drug discovery (2010)

ANCHOR is a web-based tool whose aim is to facilitate the analysis of protein-protein interfaces with regard to its suitability for small molecule drug design. To this end, ANCHOR exploits the so-called anchor residues, i.e. amino acid side-chains deeply buried at protein-protein interfaces, to indicate possible druggable pockets to be targeted by small molecules. For a given protein-protein complex submitted by the user, ANCHOR calculates the change in solvent accessible surface area (DeltaSASA) upon binding for each side-chain, along with an estimate of its contribution to the binding free energy. A Jmol-based tool allows the user to interactively visualize selected anchor residues in their pockets as well as the stereochemical properties of the surrounding region such as hydrogen bonding. ANCHOR includes a Protein Data Bank (PDB) wide database of pre-computed anchor residues from more than 30,000 PDB entries with at least two protein chains. The user can query according to amino acids, buried area (SASA), energy or keywords related to indication areas, e.g. oncogene or diabetes. This database provides a resource to rapidly assess protein-protein interactions for the suitability of small molecules or fragments with bioisostere anchor analogues as possible compounds for pharmaceutical intervention. ANCHOR web server and database are freely available at http://structure.pitt.edu/anchor.
Genetic lesions associated with blastic transformation of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia (1997)

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloproliferative disorders that may progress to acute leukemia in a subset of patients. This study aimed at investigating the genetic lesions associated with the blastic transformation of PV and ET. A panel of PV and ET cases at different stages of disease was analyzed for the presence of genetic alterations of TP53, NRAS, KRAS, and MDM2 by a combination of mutational analysis and Southern blot hybridization. The occurrence of microsatellite instability (MSI) was also tested in selected cases. Samples of PV and ET analyzed in chronic phase disease were consistently devoid of all genetic lesions tested, suggesting that alterations of TP53, NRAS, KRAS, and MDM2 do not contribute significantly to development of chronic phase PV and ET. Conversely, mutations of TP53were detected in 7/15 (46.6%) blastic phase cases, including 3/5 PV and 4/10 ET. In blastic phase patients for whom the corresponding chronic phase DNA was also available, it could be documented that the genetic lesion had arisen at the time of blastic transformation. In addition to TP53 mutations, cases of blastic phase PV and ET occasionally harbored mutations of NRAS (one case of blastic phase ET) or displayed MSI (one case of blastic phase PV). These data indicate that inactivation of TP53 is a relatively frequent event associated with the blastic transformation of PV and ET and may be responsible for the tumor progression of these disorders. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 19:250–255, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A MODIFIED GROWTH CURVE MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO CLINICAL STUDIES (1992)

Summary This paper considers a technique for applying growth curve analysis to data which are correlated across different groups. The method is illustrated using a study comparing three methods of suctioning an endotracheal tube.
Principle and Clinical Application of NBI Endoscope (2009)

Using the difference of the spectrum absorption peak of biological tissue, especially human red blood cells, as well as the different penetration depth of the light waves with the same absorption peaks, NBI(Narrow Band Imaging) can obtain capillary and pit pattern images with prominent contrast in different mucosa layer, which is able to see the staining of mucosal tissue under the endoscope.According to the basic principles of optics and interaction between light and human body organize, this paper describes the principle and advantage of NBI in detail, expounds the clinical significance and application in the field.Finally points out that NBI realized the dyeing effect under endoscope by using the light filtering function and image processing technology.It could be achieved with simple reconfiguration of the existing endoscope system.There is no need to purchase a new one, which avoid wasting the existing resources.
A population-based study of potential brain injuries requiring emergency care. (2001)

The results indicate the relative importance of several external causes of injury. The findings from our geographically distinct population are useful in establishing rational priorities for the prevention of brain injury.
Nanodot‐Enhanced High‐Efficiency Pure‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Mixed‐Host Structures (2007)

Abstract A relatively high‐efficiency, fluorescent pure‐white organic light‐emitting diode was fabricated using a polysilicic acid (PSA) nanodot‐embedded polymeric hole‐transporting layer (HTL). The diode employed a mixed host in the single emissive layer, which comprised 0.5 wt % yellow 5,6,11,12‐tetra‐phenylnaphthacene doped in the mixed host of 50 % 2‐( N , N ‐diphenyl‐amino)‐6‐[4‐( N , N ‐diphenylamino)styryl]naphthalene and 50 % N , N ′‐bis‐(1‐naphthyl)‐ N , N ′‐diphenyl‐1,10‐biphenyl‐4‐4′‐diamine. By incorporating 7 wt % 3 nm PSA nanodot into the HTL of poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene)‐poly‐(styrenesulfonate), the efficiency at 100 cd m –2 was increased from 13.5 lm W –1 (14.7 cd A –1 ; EQE: 7.2 %) to 17.1 lm W –1 (17.6 cd A –1 ; EQE: 8.3 %). The marked efficiency improvement may be attributed to the introduction of the PSA nanodot, leading to a better carrier‐injection‐balance.
User Manual for the Microsoft Window Edition of the Scanning Fast-Field Program (WSCAFFIP) Version 3.0 (2003)

The Scanning Past-Field Program (SCAFFIP) is an atmospheric acoustic propagation model that incorporates many of the effects of the environment on the sound field such as geometrical spreading, refraction, diffraction, molecular absorption, and complex ground impedance. SCAFFIP provides the user with the attenuation levels with range and frequency for a given geometry and meteorological profile. The meteorological profile and geometry provides the model with the ability to calculate the sound speed profile. The geometry profile is required because of the angular dependence of the sound speed on the wind direction relative to the direction of propagation. This model works over a flat earth and non-turbulent atmosphere. Even with these restrictions, the model performs very well for many Scenarios. The model contains a user-friendly interface that requires a minimum amount of information to run the model, yet there are flags that can be set to obtain more detailed information.
Decomposition of Urea into NH<sub>3</sub> for the SCR Process (2004)

The thermal and catalytic decomposition of urea over a fixed-bed flow reactor system has been examined for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx from mobile sources. The conversion of urea into NH3 and HNCO, the two major products from the thermal decomposition of urea, increased with the reaction temperature and the reactor space time. Urea was completely decomposed into NH3 and HNCO at 350 °C when the residence time was longer than 0.1 s. As the reaction temperature increased to 400 °C or higher, complete decomposition of urea was possible at a much shorter residence time of the feed gas stream. The simultaneous thermal and catalytic decomposition of urea was also examined in a dual-reactor system in which the first reactor was for thermal decomposition and the second was for catalytic decomposition, specifically over copper exchanged ZSM5 catalyst. The role of the catalyst in the decomposition of urea into NH3 and HNCO was negligible; urea decomposition occurs mainly by the thermal reaction. However, the catalyst was able to rapidly hydrolyze HNCO to NH3 even at a temperature as low as 150 °C. The catalyst also oxidizes NH3 to N2 in the presence of oxygen at reaction temperatures above 250 °C. A kinetic model describing all of the major reactions involved in urea decomposition over an SCR reactor has been developed. The model adequately predicts the general trend of variations of the urea, NH3, and HNCO concentrations with the reaction conditions.
Synergistic effect of upconversion and plasmons in NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup>@TiO<sub>2</sub>–Ag composites for MO photodegradation (2017)

Structure-based rational design of photocatalysts to enable combination of nanocomponents of radically different properties for enhanced solar energy utilization is a very challenging task.
Finite-element modeling of a smart cantilever plate and comparison with experiments (1996)

The behavior of a cantilever plate instrumented with a piezoelectric sensor and actuator is described using finite-element modeling. To demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical model, a parallel experimental study was carried out in the laboratory for the same geometric dimensions. The two results are compared and show excellent agreement, demonstrating that finite-element modeling is a good approach for optimized smart structure design. A three-dimensional finite-element formulation is employed in the piezoelectric material region and a small neighboring region of the plate structure on which it is mounted. Shell elements, approximated by many flat-shell elements, are used in modeling the remaining part of the plate structure. Transition elements that connect the three-dimensional solid elements to the flat-shell element are used. For the cantilever plate example, the electrical input admittance as well as the sensor response are found from the finite-element analysis and they are compared with experimental measurements. From this, the accuracy and efficiency of this approach is demonstrated. In contrast to many other modeling techniques used for smart structures which are approximate and hence limited, the finite-element model is applicable to complicated geometries.
<title>Waves of optical bleaching caused by continuously operated Nd:YAG laser radiation in glass-ceramics</title> (2008)

Waves of optical bleaching in glass-ceramic under cw Nd:YAG laser action are discovered. This phenomenon is compared with the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> laser radiation on the same glass-ceramic. Transparency and temperature changes of glass-ceramic ST-50-1 during the Nd:YAG laser action was investigated. Mathematical model of these periodic transparency and phase-structure oscillations is offered.
Dual-loop spread-spectrum clock generator (2003)

Discusses a newer technique to reduce EMI involving varying or modulating the clock frequency in a PC. This technique is known as spread spectrum, since the frequency spectrum of the clock is spread over a wider range of frequencies. Spread-spectrum technology has previously been reported to reduce EMI. This paper presents a dual-loop spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG).