gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of quality of used frying oils from restaurants (1991)

Abstract Commercial frying practices and frying conditions at 62 restaurants or fast‐food outlets were investigated and the quality of their discarded frying oils was evaluated by several standard laboratory methods: total polar components (TPC), free fatty acids (%FFA), p‐anisidine and peroxide values, color, viscosity, C18:2/C16:0, absorbance at 232 and 268 nm, and five quick test methods (Foodoil sensor, Oxifrit (RAU‐Test), Fritest, Veri‐Fry‐TAM 150, and Veri‐Fry‐FFA 500). Frying techniques varied from primitive traditional practice at traditional shops to modern sophisticated frying procedures at some franchise restaurants. Discarded oils appeared to be heat‐damaged to a varying extent according to the degree of quality control applied by the corresponding restaurants. Test methods were shown to possess different statistical correlations. Highly significant correlations were found between TPC and Foodoil sensor (c.f=0.93) and between Oxifrit and Fritest (c.f=0.94), each of which were also correlated relatively well to the TPC. Peroxide value followed by %FFA did not significantly (p<0.05) correlate with the TPC. Significant linear relationships (p⊕0.05) were found between the TPC and each of the other indicators but %FFA and peroxide value.
Mineral carbonation of serpentinite: From the Laboratory to Pilot Scale - The MCi project (2015)

To date, ex-situ carbonation of ultramafic ores such as serpentinite has been studied extensively on the laboratory scale. In Australia, the Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) project was launched in 2013, with funding from the New South Wales (NSW) State and the Australian Federal Governments as well as an industry partner, Orica. The project aims to demonstrate the techno-economic viability of mineral carbonation as a sustainable industrial solution for carbon capture, storage and utilisation (CCSU). For the first time, mineral carbonation of silicate ore will be studied at a scale several orders of magnitude greater than laboratory scales hitherto. The MCi project is believed to be the first holistic approach to CCSU via mineral carbonation, examining the full chain of operations from feedstock to final product. It comprises three core themes; the construction and operation of a research pilot plant, a portfolio of research projects and support activities and commercialisation. The research encompasses mineral mapping, characterisation, processing and pretreatment through to process integration with power generation and CO 2 capture, fundamentals of carbonation chemistry, value-adding and final product storage. In line with this holistic approach, Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) are being conducted.
Expression of MRF4, a myogenic helix-loop-helix protein, produces multiple changes in the myogenic program of BC3H-1 cells. (1992)

Expression of MRF4, a myogenic regulatory factor of the basic helix-loop-helix type, produced multiple changes in the myogenic program of the BC3H-1 cell line. BC3H-1 cells that stably expressed exogenous MRF4 were prepared and termed BR cell lines. Upon differentiation, the BR cells were found to have three muscle-specific properties (endogenous MyoD expression, myoblast fusion, and fast myosin light-chain 1 expression) that the parent BC3H-1 cells did not have. Of the four known myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, and MRF4), only MRF4 was capable of activating expression of the endogenous BC3H-1 myoD gene. In addition, the pattern of Myf-5 expression in BR cells was the opposite of that in BC3H-1 cells. Myf-5 expression was low in BR myoblasts and showed a small increase upon myotube formation, whereas Myf-5 expression was high in BC3H-1 myoblasts and decreased upon differentiation. Though the MRF4-transfected BR cells fused to form large myotubes and expressed fast myosin light-chain 1, the pattern of myosin heavy-chain isoform expression was the same in the BR and the nonfusing parent BC3H-1 cells, suggesting that factors in addition to the MyoD family members regulate myosin heavy-chain isoform expression patterns in BC3H-1 cells. In contrast to the changes produced by MRF4 expression, overexpression of Myf-5 did not alter BC3H-1 myogenesis. The results suggest that differential expression of the myogenic regulatory factors of the MyoD family may be one mechanism for generating cells with diverse myogenic phenotypes.
Peripheral neuropathy and new treatments for multiple myeloma: background and practical recommendations (2010)

In multiple myeloma, peripheral neuropathy has for a long time been considered as mainly secondary to the plasma cell dyscrasia itself. With the advent of new targeted drugs such as thalidomide and bortezomib, the iatrogenic neurotoxicity has become the leading cause of peripheral neuropathy. This review discusses the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, characteristics, and management of peripheral neuropathy related to new multiple myeloma drugs, mainly bortezomib and thalidomide. The current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the new forms of peripheral neuropathy is still limited. The mechanisms involved depend on the agents used, patient's medical history, and duration of exposure and/or treatment doses or sequence. Diagnosis of such peripheral neuropathy is often easier than treatment. A full anamnesis and regular clinical evaluation are necessary. Electrophysiological assessments may support the diagnosis, although their contribution remains insufficient. Complex clinical features may require a specialized neurological assessment within the context of a multi-disciplinary approach. Finally, early detection of peripheral neuropathy and the use of dose adjustment algorithms as in the case of bortezomib, should help reduce the side effects while maintaining anti-tumor efficacy.
Enhancer-adoption as a mechanism of human developmental disease (2011)

Disruption of the long-range cis-regulation of developmental gene expression is increasingly recognized as a cause of human disease. Here, we report a novel type of long-range cis-regulatory mutation, in which ectopic expression of a gene is driven by an enhancer that is not its own. We have termed this gain of regulatory information as "enhancer adoption." We mapped the breakpoints of a de novo 7q inversion in a child with features of a holoprosencephaly spectrum (HPES) disorder and severe upper limb syndactyly with lower limb synpolydactyly. The HPES plausibly results from the 7q36.3 breakpoint dislocating the sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene from enhancers that are known to drive expression in the early forebrain. However, the limb phenotype cannot be explained by loss of known SHH enhancers. The SHH transcription unit is relocated to 7q22.1, ∼190 kb 3' of a highly conserved noncoding element (HCNE2) within an intron of EMID2. We show that HCNE2 functions as a limb bud enhancer in mouse embryos and drives ectopic expression of Shh in vivo recapitulating the limb phenotype in the child. This developmental genetic mechanism may explain a proportion of the novel or unexplained phenotypes associated with balanced chromosome rearrangements.
Novel autophagy inducers lentztrehaloses A, B and C (2015)

Trehalose has widespread use as a sweetener, humectant and stabilizer, and is now attracting attention as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as it is an autophagy inducer and chemical chaperone. However, the bioavailability of trehalose is low because it is digested by the hydrolyzing enzyme trehalase, expressed in the intestine and kidney. Enzyme-stable analogs of trehalose would potentially solve this problem. We have previously reported an enzyme-stable analog of trehalose, lentztrehalose, and herein report two new analogs. The original lentztrehalose has been renamed lentztrehalose A and the analogs named lentztrehaloses B and C. Lentztrehalose B is a di-dehydroxylated analog and lentztrehalose C is a cyclized analog of lentztrehalose A. All the lentztrehaloses are only minimally hydrolyzed by mammalian trehalase. The production of the lentztrehaloses is high in rather dry conditions and low in wet conditions. Lentztrehalose B shows a moderate antioxidative activity. These facts suggest that the lentztrehaloses are produced as humectants or protectants for the producer microorganism under severe environmental conditions. All the lentztrehaloses induce autophagy in human cancer cells at a comparable level to trehalose. Considering the enzyme-stability, these lentztrehaloses can be regarded as promising new drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other autophagy-related diseases, such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, cancer and heart disease.
Clostridium difficile DNA Polymerase IIIC: Basis for Activity of Anti-Bacterial Compounds (2011)

Based on the finding that aerobic Gram-positive antibacterials that inhibit DNA polymerase IIIC (pol IIIC) were potent inhibitors of the growth of anaerobic Clostridium difficile (CD) strains, we chose to clone and express the gene for pol IIIC from this organism. The properties of the recombinant enzyme are similar to those of related pol IIICs from Gram-positive aerobes, e.g. B. subtilis. Inhibitors of the CD enzyme also inhibited B. subtilis pol IIIC, and were competitive with respect to the cognate substrate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (dGTP). Significantly, several of these inhibitors of the CD pol IIIC had potent activity against the growth of CD clinical isolates in culture.
Halotolerant aminopeptidase M29 from Mesorhizobium SEMIA 3007 with biotechnological potential and its impact on biofilm synthesis (2017)

The aminopeptidase gene from Mesorhizobium SEMIA3007 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme called MesoAmp exhibited optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 45 °C and was strongly activated by Co<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. Under these reaction conditions, the enzyme displayed K<sub>m</sub> and k<sub>cat</sub> values of 0.2364 ± 0.018 mM and 712.1 ± 88.12 s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme showed remarkable stability in organic solvents and was active at high concentrations of NaCl, suggesting that the enzyme might be suitable for use in biotechnology. MesoAmp is responsible for 40% of the organism's aminopeptidase activity. However, the enzyme's absence does not affect bacterial growth in synthetic broth, although it interfered with biofilm synthesis and osmoregulation. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first detailed characterization of aminopeptidase from Mesorhizobium and suggests its importance in biofilm formation and osmotic stress tolerance. In summary, this work lays the foundation for potential biotechnological applications and/or the development of environmentally friendly technologies and describes the first solvent- and halo-tolerant aminopeptidases identified from the Mesorhizobium genus and its importance in bacterial metabolism.
Most microbe-specific naïve CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells produce memory cells during infection (2016)

Infection elicits CD4(+) memory T lymphocytes that participate in protective immunity. Although memory cells are the progeny of naïve T cells, it is unclear that all naïve cells from a polyclonal repertoire have memory cell potential. Using a single-cell adoptive transfer and spleen biopsy method, we found that in mice, essentially all microbe-specific naïve cells produced memory cells during infection. Different clonal memory cell populations had different B cell or macrophage helper compositions that matched effector cell populations generated much earlier in the response. Thus, each microbe-specific naïve CD4(+) T cell produces a distinctive ratio of effector cell types early in the immune response that is maintained as some cells in the clonal population become memory cells.
Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation for chronic hemiplegia. (1987)

Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation (EMS) was evaluated in combination with conventional treatment in 69 consecutive postcerebrovascular accident outpatients whose onset of hemiplegia was four months to 14 years earlier. Six subjects initially exhibited no residual volitional activity in targeted muscles, and all patients had undergone conventional therapy with little or no functional recovery. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings and EMS directed to prime movers of impaired movements were accomplished by way of skin-surface electrodes. Prescribed treatment (patient compliance was frequently substandard) involved several months of four to five sessions per week, focusing on wrist extension and/or ankle dorsiflexion initially, and often other movements later. During 30 to 300 movement attempts per session, EMGs that exceeded a preset threshold triggered immediate stimulation to force movement completion. Over sessions, patients commonly realized substantially improved increases in voluntary EMG capabilities generally proportionate to the frequency of treatment sessions. Parallel improvements were also found for subjectively scaled functional measures of range-of-motion and ambulation. Motivation was important to success, but side and nature of stroke, age, and poststroke interval were not. Progress often far exceeded that of previous conventional therapy (each patient served as his/her own control). Regarding mechanisms, impaired proprioceptive feedback is considered central to stroke-disrupted sensorimotor control. EMG-triggered EMS is intended to improve brain relearning by reinstating proprioceptive feedback time-locked to each attempted movement. Clinical results were consistent with this theory; further assessment of the new EMG-triggered EMS modality intergrated into conventional treatment regimens seems warranted.
A bivalent small molecule-drug conjugate directed against carbonic anhydrase IX can elicit complete tumour regression in mice (2014)

There is a pressing need for the development of innovative chemical drug delivery strategies in oncology, since conventional chemotherapeutic agents typically do not localise to solid tumours in vivo. It is widely accepted that bivalent antibody formats accumulate in tumours more strongly than monovalent ones and that they should thus be preferred for antibody-based pharmacodelivery approaches. For small molecule-drug conjugates this is less clear. Here, we show that a bivalent ligand against the tumour marker carbonic anhydrase IX leads to an improved tumour-targeting performance compared with the corresponding monovalent counterpart in the SKRC52 model of constitutively CAIX-positive renal cell carcinoma. A bivalent disulfide-linked small drug conjugate with the potent cytotoxic maytansinoid DM1 as the payload can mediate complete eradication of the same tumours, which are resistant to standard-of-care therapeutics, in a proportion of treated mice. In the A375 melanoma model, which preferentially expresses CAIX at sites distant to blood vessels, no measurable tumour accumulation could be observed. Our results suggest that the use of bivalent small molecule ligand-drug conjugates against CAIX may represent an attractive chemical strategy for the treatment of constitutively CAIX-positive kidney cancer.
Volatile signals of the major histocompatibility complex in male mouse urine (1997)

Variation in the genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contributes to unique individual odors (odortypes) in mice, as demonstrated by the ability of trained mice in a Y-maze olfactometer to discriminate nearly identical inbred mice that differ genetically only at the MHC (MHC congenic mice), while they cannot distinguish genetically identical inbred mice. Similar distinctions are possible with urine, a substance that is involved in many facets of mouse chemical communication. This paper reports results supporting the hypothesis that the MHC-determined urinary odor is composed of a mixture of volatile carboxylic acids occurring in relative concentrations that are characteristic of the odortype. Y-maze behavioral testing of urine fractions from anion exchange chromatography indicates that volatile acids are necessary and sufficient to convey MHC odortype information. Diethyl ether extracts, which are expected to contain the more volatile, less polar organic acids, were also discriminable in the Y-maze olfactometer. Ether extracts of 12 different urine samples from each of two panels of MHC congenic mice were analyzed by gas chromatography. No compounds unique to urine of either genotype were detected, but compounds did appear to occur in characteristic ratios in most of the samples of each type. Nonparametric statistical analysis of the gas chromatographic data showed that eight of the peaks occurred in significantly different relative concentrations in the congenic samples. One of the peaks was shown to represent phenylacetic acid, which has implications for the mechanism of the MHC specification of odortype.
Sequelae of the osmotic blood-brain barrier opening in rats (1988)

Histopathological sequelae of the osmotic blood-brain barrier opening were studied in 69 adult Wistar rats sacrificed between 2 minutes and 6 days after infusion of 1.6 M mannitol into the unilateral internal carotid artery. The results were correlated with immunohistochemical localization of autologous albumin in the brain parenchyma on paraffin sections. Extravasation of serum albumin was evident in all rats, and the albumin immunoreactivity, commonly localized to the territories of the ipsilateral anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries and contralateral anterior cerebral artery, showed maximum intensity in the rats sacrificed 30 minutes after infusion. The albumin immunoreactivity remained macroscopically visible in the brain parenchyma for 24 to 48 hours, and then gradually faded out. Serum extravasation was accompanied by widening of the perivascular space and focal edema, which largely subsided within 48 hours as the albumin immunoreactivity of the tissue diminished. Although no overt neurological sequelae were seen in the present experiment, minute but definite foci of infarction with focal accumulation of albumin were found in 23 (38%) of 61 rats surviving more than 30 minutes. In addition, ischemic neuronal death of delayed onset was encountered among neurons in the CA-1 region of the hippocampus, in the cerebellum, and in the thalamus in five (25%) of 20 rats sacrificed between Days 4 and 6. Thus, care should be exercised in the practice of this procedure.
A programmable instruction format extension to VLIW architectures (2003)

While very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures permit static extraction of a valuable amount of concurrency, their major drawback lies in the considerable code memory size requirements, due to the horizontal nature of the instruction set. To overcome this inefficiency, the authors propose a programmable instruction format extension, where the compiler is responsible for the choice of the best combinations of operations which are allowed to be concurrently executed. This results in a substantial saving of instruction bits, at the only expense of some additional memory for decoding circuitry. An applicative example on a sample architecture shows how performance decay is strongly limited also when the instruction width is reduced by a factor of three.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE DISPLACED POISSON DISTRIBUTION (1964)

Summary Consideration of the number of events in a Poisson process in excess of a threshold value r , when it is assumed that at least r events do occur, leads to the Displaced Poisson Distribution. The recurrence relationship between successive probabilities is a simple generalization of that of the Poisson distribution. Accordingly the fitting of the distribution to data is straightforward, using either a desk machine or computer. It is a highly flexible unimodal distribution catering for both under‐ and over‐dispersed data and generally fits Poisson type data well. Its properties have been discussed, moment and maximum likelihood estimators for the cases, r known and unknown have been given, together with several numerical examples.
An adaptive maximum-likelihood sequence estimator for fast time-varying intersymbol interference channels (1994)

This paper proposes an adaptive maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE), which is a suboptimum approximation to the adaptive maximum-likelihood detector and is capable of tracking fast time-varying intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. The adaptive MLSE consists of a channel estimator and an MLSE implemented by the Viterbi algorithm (VA). The novel feature of the proposed adaptive MLSE is a channel estimation scheme, where the channel estimation is accomplished for each state in the VA along the surviving path connected to each state. This MLSE makes it possible to estimate a channel impulse response without an influence of a decision delay inherent in the VA, and the performance and complexity of the proposed procedure is controlled by the memory length of the VA. The bit error rate performance of the proposed MLSE is confirmed by experimental results. It is shown that the proposed MLSE has a capability of excellent tracking performance in a severe environment caused by fast time-varying ISI, for example frequency selective multipath fading in digital mobile radio communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Partial scan with retiming (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Partial scan with retiming Authors: Dimitrios Kagaris View Profile , Spyros Tragoudas View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 249–254https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164881Online:01 July 1993Publication History 29citation174DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads174Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Hollow silica capsules for amphiphilic transport and sustained delivery of antibiotic and anticancer drugs (2018)

Hollow mesoporous silica capsules (HMSC) are potential drug transport vehicles due to their biocompatibility, high loading capacity and sufficient stability in biological milieu. Herein, we report the synthesis of ellipsoid-shaped HMSC (aspect ratio ∼2) performed using hematite particles as solid templates that were coated with a conformal silica shell through cross-condensation reactions. For obtaining hollow silica capsules, the iron oxide core was removed by acidic leaching. Gas sorption studies on HMSC revealed mesoscopic pores (main pore width ∼38 Å) and a high surface area of 308.8 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. Cell uptake of dye-labeled HMSC was confirmed by incubating them with human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and analyzing the internalization through confocal microscopy. The amphiphilic nature of HMSC for drug delivery applications was tested by loading antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and anticancer (curcumin) compounds as model drugs for hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics, respectively. The versatility of HMSC in transporting hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs and a pH dependent drug release over several days under physiological conditions was demonstrated in both cases by UV-vis spectroscopy. Ciprofloxacin-loaded HMSC were additionally evaluated towards Gram negative (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria and demonstrated their efficacy even at low concentrations (10 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>) in inhibiting complete bacterial growth over 18 hours.