gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Kif26b</i> , a kinesin family gene, regulates adhesion of the embryonic kidney mesenchyme (2010)

The kidney develops through reciprocal interactions between two precursor tissues: the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud. We previously demonstrated that the zinc finger protein Sall1 is essential for ureteric bud attraction toward the mesenchyme. Here, we show that Kif26b, a kinesin family gene, is a downstream target of Sall1 and that disruption of this gene causes kidney agenesis because of impaired ureteric bud attraction. In the Kif26b-null metanephros, compact adhesion between mesenchymal cells adjacent to the ureteric buds and the polarized distribution of integrin alpha8 were impaired, resulting in failed maintenance of Gdnf, a critical ureteric bud attractant. Overexpression of Kif26b in vitro caused increased cell adhesion through interactions with nonmuscle myosin. Thus, Kif26b is essential for kidney development because it regulates the adhesion of mesenchymal cells in contact with ureteric buds.
Interferon signalling network in innate defence (2006)

Interferons (IFNs) elicit multifaceted effects in host innate defence. Accumulating evidence revealed that not only the first identified Jak-Stat pathway but also other newly found signalling pathways are required for the induction of versatile responses by IFNs. In particular, type I IFNs are inducible by viral infection through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecules by pattern recognition receptors, and the induction of multiple IFN-stimulated genes through the activation of type I IFN signalling confers antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Any step in this process is often targeted by viruses for their immuno-evasion. The regulatory function of constitutive IFN-alpha/beta signalling has been recognized in terms of its boosting effect on cellular responsiveness in host defence systems. Further comprehensive understanding of IFN signalling may offer a better direction to unravelling the complex signalling networks in the host defence system, and may contribute to their more effective therapeutic applications.
MEMS tunable planar inductors using DC-contact switches (2004)

This paper presents a tunable MEMS inductor that is designed to operate from 5-30GHz on a 500μm thick quartz substrate. Series cantilever beams that are DC-contact type switches are used to achieve a tuning ratio of 1.7. Experimental results for a 600pm long inductor show tuning from 0.56nH to 0.34nH at 25GHz The devices are intended for use as tuning elements at high microwave or nun-waver frequencies in circuits such as true time delay phase shifters.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of virginiamycin in Stafac, premixes and animal feeds (1991)

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection is described for the simultaneous determination of the virginiamycin components M1 and S1 in Stafac, premixes and feeds. The concentrations and ratios of the components determine a synergistic activity, which is calculated. Virginiamycin is extracted from Stafac using acetonitrile–water (1 + 1), from feeds using dichloromethane and from premixes using either of the extraction solutions. The acetonitrile extracts are injected directly, the dichloromethane extracts are cleaned by passing them through a silica solid-phase extraction cartridge, followed by two consecutive washings; virginiamycin is desorbed with acetonitrile–water (1 + 1). The peak area response is linear for virginiamycin activities of between 5 and 50 µg ml–1. The detection limit in feeds (both pellets and mash) is 5 ppm. The method is specific, accurate and has a good repeatability. It complements well the existing microbiological methods.
Supercapacitors Performance Evaluation (2014)

The performance of a supercapacitor can be characterized by a series of key parameters, including the cell capacitance, operating voltage, equivalent series resistance, power density, energy density, and time constant. To accurately measure these parameters, a variety of methods have been proposed and are used in academia and industry. As a result, some confusion has been caused due to the inconsistencies between different evaluation methods and practices. Such confusion hinders effective communication of new research findings, and creates a hurdle in transferring novel supercapacitor technologies from research labs to commercial applications. Based on public sources, this article is an attempt to inventory, critique and hopefully streamline the commonly used instruments, key performance metrics, calculation methods, and major affecting factors for supercapacitor performance evaluation. Thereafter the primary sources of inconsistencies are identified and possible solutions are suggested, with emphasis on device performance vs. material properties and the rate dependency of supercapacitors. We hope, by using reliable, intrinsic, and comparable parameters produced, the existing inconsistencies and confusion can be largely eliminated so as to facilitate further progress in the field.
The Role of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in Cholesterol Metabolismand Steroidogenesis by the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland ** (1981)

In the present investigation we studied the role of cAMP as a mediator of ACTH action in human fetal adrenal (HFA) tissue. We have characterized the response to ACTH, dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (dbcAMP), and cholera toxin (CT) with respect to steroidogenesis, low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding, degradation of LDL, and the rate of de novo synthesis of cholesterol. The rate of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate secretion was similar in HFA tissue maintained in the presence of ACTH, dbcAMP, or CT. In contrast, cortisol secretion by HFA tissue was more sensitive to dbcAMP and CT than to ACTH. In membrane preparations obtained from HFA tissue maintained in the presence of ACTH, dbcAMP, or CT, there was a 2 to 3-fold increase of specific binding of [125I]iodo-LDL. In HFA tissue maintained in the presence of ACTH or CT, the rate of degradation of LDL was significantly increased compared to tissue maintained in the lipoprotein-poor serum alone. Finally, in HFA tissue maintained in the presence of ACTH, dbcAMP, or CT there was a 6- to 10-fold stimulation of the rate of incorporation of [14C]acetate into cholesterol. We conclude that steroidogenesis, LDL binding, and degradation, as well as de novo synthesis of cholesterol, are probably stimulated in HFA tissue via a cAMP-mediated pathway.
Role mining based on weights (2010)

Role mining from the existing permissions has been widely applied to aid the process of migrating to an RBAC system. While all permissions are treated evenly in previous approaches, none of the work has employed the weights of permissions in role mining to our knowledge, thus providing the motivation for this work. In this paper, we generalize this to the case where permissions are given weights to reflect their importance to the system. The weights can correspond to the property of operations, the sensitive degree of objects, and the attribute of users associated with permissions. To calculate the weight of permissions, we introduce the concept of similarity between both users and permissions, and use a similarity matrix to reinforce the similarity between permissions. Then we create a link between the reinforced similarity and the weight of permissions. We further propose a weighted role mining algorithm to generate roles based on weights. Experiments on performance study prove the superiority of the new algorithm.
[Hormonal interaction and hair growth]. (2002)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women. This continuous process results in a form of alopecia that follows a definite pattern in those individuals who are genetically predisposed. Although clinically different, the pathogenetic pathways leading to this type of hair loss are thought to be similar in both sexes. A genetic predisposition is a feature of AGA, but the predisposing genes are still unknown. Our understanding, however, of the hormonal effects on hair growth is far more advanced. AGA can be defined as a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-dependent process with continuous miniaturization of sensitive hair follicles. So far, we do not understand the molecular steps involved in androgen-dependent beard growth versus androgen-dependent hair loss. However, the local androgen metabolism plays a central role in the intrafollicular conversion of weak androgens, such as DHEAS, to more potent androgens such as T or DHT within the hair follicle. The dermal papilla plays a central role by exhibiting an array of important steroidogenic isoenzymes. Provided that the dermal papilla (DP) cell triggers and regulates the growth of hair follicles, this physiological role may be reflected by metabolic differences, which could account for differences in androgen sensitivity as observed in hair follicles from different body sites, and in conditions such as male pattern baldness. The observation of STS, 17beta-HSD, 3beta-HSD, 3alpha-HSD and type 2 5alpha-R-activity within the DP could be a clue to understanding the regulation of androgen action in the human hair follicle by local androgen modification on target cell level. Hence, some of the intrafollicular steroidogenic enzymes would be potential pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of AGA or hirsutism.
Clusters of charged diamagnetic particles levitating in nonuniform magnetic field (2009)

For confinement and investigation of strongly coupled systems of charged macroparticles, we propose to use a trap based on the known possibility of the levitation of diamagnetic bodies in a nonuniform steady-state magnetic field. An experimental setup is described, which is capable of forming and confining clusters of charge graphite particles sized 100 to 300 μm in magnetic field B∼1 T and |∇B| ∼ 10 T/cm. It is inferred that it will be possible to form stable 3D structures containing several thousands macroparticles under terrestrial conditions by using fields B>10 T, and under microgravity conditions by using fields B∼0.1 T.
A Modified Finite Newton Method for Fast Solution of Large Scale Linear SVMs (2005)

This paper develops a fast method for solving linear SVMs with L2 loss function that is suited for large scale data mining tasks such as text classification. This is done by modifying the finite Newton method of Mangasarian in several ways. Experiments indicate that the method is much faster than decomposition methods such as SVMlight, SMO and BSVM (e.g., 4-100 fold), especially when the number of examples is large. The paper also suggests ways of extending the method to other loss functions such as the modified Huber's loss function and the L1 loss function, and also for solving ordinal regression.
Forecasting Sales Through Time Series Clustering (2013)

We study the effect of decomposing time series into multiple components like trend, seasonal and irregular and performing the clustering on those components and generating the forecast values of each component separately. In this project we are working on sales data. Multiple forecast experts are used to forecast each component series. Statistical method ARIMA, Holt winter and exponential smoothing are used to forecast these components. We performed clustering for forecasting and discovered a set of best, good and bad forecasters. Selection of best, good and bad forecasters is performed on the basis of count and rank of expert id's generated. Since we have thousands of experts, we experiment with combining method to get better forecast. Finally absolute percentage error (APE) is used for comparing forecast.
An RLDRAM II Implementation of a 10Gbps Shared Packet Buffer for Network Processing (2007)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fast shared packet buffer for throughput rates of at least 10 Gbps using RLDRAM II memory. A complex packet buffer controller is implemented on an Altera FPGA and interfaced to the memory. Four RLDRAM II devices are combined to store the packet data and one RLDRAM II device is used to store a linked-list of the packet memory addresses which is maintained by the packet buffer controller. The architecture is pipelined and optimised to combat the latencies involved with RLDRAM II technologies to enable a high performance low cost packet buffer implementation.
Constituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Suregada zanzibariensis</i>Leaves are Repellent to the Mosquito,<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>s.s. (2010)

In traditional African communities, repellent volatiles from certain plants generated by direct burning or by thermal expulsion have played an important role in protecting households against vectors of malaria and other diseases. Previous research on volatile constituents of plants has shown that some are good sources of potent mosquito repellents. In this bioprospecting initiative, the essential oil of leaves of the tree, Suregada zanzibariensis Verdc. (Angiospermae: Euphobiaceae) was tested against the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and found to be repellent. Gas chromatography (GC), GC-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and, where possible, GC-co-injections with authentic compounds, led to the identification of about 34 compounds in the essential oil. About 56% of the constituents were terpenoid ketones, mostly methyl ketones. Phenylacetaldehyde (14.4%), artemisia ketone (10.1%), (1S)-(-)-verbenone (12.1%) and geranyl acetone (9.4%) were the main constituents. Apart from phenylacetaldehyde, repellent activities of the other main constituents were higher than that of the essential oil. The blends of the main constituents in proportions found in the essential oil were more repellent to An. gambiae s.s. than was the parent oil (p < 0.05), and the presence of artemisia ketone in the blend caused a significant increase in the repellency of the resulting blend. These results suggested that blends of some terpenoid ketones can serve as effective An. gambiae s.s. mosquito repellents.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cell Region after Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Juvenile Rats (2010)

Molecular mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis in the developing brain remain poorly understood. The gene array approach could reveal some of the factors involved by allowing the identification of a broad scale of genes altered by seizures. In this study we used microarray analysis to reveal the gene expression profile of the laser microdissected hippocampal CA1 subregion one week after kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in 21-day-old rats, which are developmentally roughly comparable to juvenile children. The gene expression analysis with the Chipster software generated a total of 1592 differently expressed genes in the CA1 subregion of KA-treated rats compared to control rats. The KEGG database revealed that the identified genes were involved in pathways such as oxidative phosporylation (26 genes changed), and long-term potentiation (LTP; 18 genes changed). Also genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis, gliosis, inflammation, and GABAergic transmission were altered. To validate the microarray results we further examined the protein expression for a subset of selected genes, glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), apolipoprotein E (apo E), cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PEP-19), and interleukin 8 receptor (CXCR1), with immunohistochemistry, which confirmed the transcriptome results. Our results showed that SE resulted in no obvious CA1 neuronal loss, and alterations in the expression pattern of several genes during the early epileptogenic phase were comparable to previous gene expression studies of the adult hippocampus of both experimental epileptic animals and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, some changes seem to occur after SE specifically in the juvenile rat hippocampus. Insight of the SE-induced alterations in gene expression and their related pathways could give us hints for the development of new target-specific antiepileptic drugs that interfere with the progression of the disease in the juvenile age group.
Interaction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 with alpha 2-macroglobulin. Role in transforming growth factor-beta 1 clearance. (1991)

It has been widely assumed that the interaction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) with its serum-binding protein, alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), mediates the rapid clearance of TGF-beta 1 from the circulation. To test this, we have analyzed the effect of TGF-beta 1 binding on the conformational state of alpha 2M. Our results demonstrate that the binding of TGF-beta 1 to alpha 2M does not lead to the conformational change in the alpha 2M molecule that is required for the clearance of the alpha 2M.TGF-beta 1 complex via the alpha 2M receptor. Furthermore, endogenous TGF-beta 1 is associated with the conformationally unaltered slow clearance form of alpha 2M. Clearance studies in mice show that the half-life of 125I-TGF-beta 1 in the circulation (1.6 +/- 0.71 min) is not affected by blocking the alpha 2M receptor with excess conformationally altered alpha 2M. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 is rapidly cleared from the circulation after injection by a pathway not involving alpha 2M.
Global detection and identification of components from <scp>Y</scp>unnan <scp>B</scp>aiyao based on liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2013)

Yunnan Baiyao is a widely used herbal prescription in traditional medicine for the treatment of bleeding and hematological diseases, while its chemical profile remains elusive. In this work, a novel methodology combining polarity-directed extraction technique with a diagnostic ion filtering strategy based on LC hybrid ion trap TOF-MS analysis was developed for global, efficient, and rapid characterization of components in Yunnan Baiyao. Di-ethyl ether, n-butanol, and ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) covering low-to-high polarity ranges were chosen as the extraction solvent, respectively. The results clearly showed that, compared with conventional single extraction solvent, collaboratively using extraction solvents with different polarities can effectively increase the number of detected peaks and enrich the product ions information in multistage mass spectra analysis. By further matching diagnostic ions and fragmental pathways, a total of 34 components were successfully identified. Our work clearly demonstrates that integrating polarity-directed extraction and diagnostic ion filtering techniques is a powerful and reliable strategy for global detection and identification of complex chemicalome from herbal prescriptions, and may open new avenues for chemical analysis in other complex mixtures.
Polynomial Fits to Saturation Vapor Pressure (1992)

The authors describe eighth- and sixth-order polynomial fits to Wexler's and Hyland-Wexler's saturation-vapor-pressure expressions. Fits are provided in both least-squares and relative-error norms. Error analysis is presented. The authors show that their method is faster in comparison with the reference expressions when implemented on a CRAY-YMP.
DWDM 40G Transmission Over Trans-Pacific Distance (10 000 km) Using CSRZ-DPSK, Enhanced FEC, and All-Raman-Amplified 100-km UltraWave Fiber Spans (2004)

We demonstrate error-free dense-wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission of 40 40-Gb/s channels with 100-GHz spacing over 10 000 km dispersion-managed fiber using carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential-phase-shift keying (CSRZ-DPSK), enhanced foward-error correction, and all-Raman-amplified spans with 100-km terrestrial length.
Certificate-less user authentication with consent (2007)

We introduce a new authentication scheme that is intended to be used on electronic commerce (EC) sites, which do not require strict user authentication but need user identification. That is, the EC sites judge whether a user is the same person who visited the site before. We designed our scheme to be as simple and lightweight as possible, for example, we do not assume the existence of trusted third parties (TTPs), e.g. CAs, which are not necessarily needed to identify users. We noticed that password-based authentication has a property that enables EC sites to confirm that there was an interaction with the user. This can be used to show that the user confirmed some agreement. This confirmation of agreement is sometimes important for EC sites. Our scheme can change how to combine password-based authentication and public-key-based authentication by its authentication policy, such as required security level and necessity of confirmation of agreement.
Intramolecular H-Bonds. I. A Spectroscopic Study of the Hydrogen Bond between Hydroxyl and Nitrogen (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular H-Bonds. I. A Spectroscopic Study of the Hydrogen Bond between Hydroxyl and NitrogenHarold H. FreedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 13, 2900–2905Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01474a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01474a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1195Altmetric-Citations326LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antitumor agents. 32. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclopentenone derivatives related to helenalin (1978)

Several new cyclopentenones related to helenalin have been synthesized as potential alkylating antitumor agents. The procedure involved the transformation of 2-methyl-2-carbethoxycyclopentanone (2) to an ethylene ketal 3, bromination of 3 followed by dehydrobromination to yield a ketal olefin 5, reduction of 5 to the alcohol 6, conversion of 6 to the corresponding hydroxycyclopentenone 7, and estrification of 7 to afford the cyclopentenone esters 8--11. Biological assays indicated that only cyclopentenones possessing a conjugated ester side chain, such as 9 and 10, demonstrated significant in vitro cytotoxicity against the growth of tissue culture cells originating from human epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx (H.Ep.-2) as well as in vivo antitumor activity in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice.