gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A software reliability growth model for an error-removal phenomenon (1992)

In this paper, we develop a software reliability growth model based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process, under the assumption that the detection of these errors can also cause the detection of some of the remaining errors without these errors causing any failure. Using the expected number of errors thus detected, we obtain the mean value function describing the failure phenomenon. Parameters of the model are estimated, and the applicability of the model is illustrated. We discuss the optimal release policy for such a software reliability growth model based on the cost-reliability criterion. Predictive validity of the model is discussed, and numerical results are also presented.
Design of a tunable RCE photodetector for the 1550 nm wavelength range (2002)

We present the design of a InGaAs/InP tunable RCE photodetector for the wavelength of 1550 nm. A coupled resonator with two Bragg mirrors has been used to get a broader resonator mode, so that the whole tuning range is enhanced by the cavity. The conditions for the efficient operation of a highly selective tunable photodetector are discussed.
Rational Design of Anticytoadherence Inhibitors for<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Based on the Crystal Structure of Human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (2006)

Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to host endothelium has been associated with pathology in malaria. Although the interaction with endothelial cells can be complex due to the relatively large number of host receptors available for binding, specific proteins have been identified that are more commonly used than others. For example, binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) is found frequently in parasites from pediatric cases of malaria. The binding site for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes on ICAM 1 has been mapped in some detail and is distinct from the site for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). Part of the ICAM 1 binding site for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (the DE loop) was used to screen a library of compounds based on its structure (derived from the crystal structure of human ICAM 1). This resulted in the identification of 36 structural mimeotopes as potential competitive inhibitors of binding. One of these compounds, (+)-epigalloyl-catechin-gallate [(+)-EGCG], was found to inhibit IE adhesion to ICAM 1 in a dose-dependent manner with two variant ICAM 1-binding parasite lines, providing the first example of a potential mimeotope-based anticytoadherence inhibitor for Plasmodium falciparum.
Contour pick-up and registration of infrared images of palm (2005)

In this thesis an approach for contour pick-up and image registration is presented for infrared images of the palm. Contour pick-up is based on Gauss-Laplace kernel and image registration is implemented by their cross-correlation function. In order to use the temperature variation obtained from the infrared images for diagnoses of metabolic diseases, one used to have to obtain the temperatures at different times for a certain area artificially point by point. It always wastes time and the data cannot be very accurate. This thesis gives a method that avoids these disadvantages. First, the contour is picked up from the environment by using the convolution of the Gauss-Laplace kernel. Then we filled inside the edge with darkness. Counting the maximum value of their cross-correlation function realized registration of the infrared images of the palm. The results of experiments prove this method to be feasible.
Digestive and metabolic adaptations of ruminants to undernutrition, and consequences on reproduction (1998)

In response to undernutrition, short- (days) and medium-term (weeks) adaptations are more pronounced for splanchnic organs than for other tissues. For the latter, the long-term response involves a sequential mobilization (fat > muscle > bone) with relative priorities differing among anatomical sites. Among chemical components, the body lipids are extensively used (up to 80%) in underfed animals, while the range of protein utilization is limited (up to 15-20%). The decrease in energy expenditure during undernutrition is mostly due to a short- and medium-term decrease in feeding activity, and in the mass and activity of splanchnic tissues. In the long-term, energy expenditure and tissue masses decrease concomitantly, but there does not appear to be a significant decrease in expenditure per unit tissue weight. Nitrogen losses decrease in response to decline in nitrogen fluxes and also due to sparing by renal activities and sometimes by urea recycling. However, ruminants do not seem to be able to compensate for a low level of intake (below maintenance) by an increase in digestive efficiency. Numerous hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, catecholamines, thyroid hormones, cortisol, leptin, etc.) are involved in the changes during undernutrition of nutrient fluxes between tissues, either through control of synthesis and/or degradation in peripheral tissues (adipose tissue and muscle), or through hepatic conversions of substrates (gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis and ketogenesis), in order to maintain the constancy of the internal environment (homeostasis) and/or to sustain productive functions (teleophoresis). However, reproductive process may be blocked in underfed animals.
Securing Digital Legal Deposit in the UK: The Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 (2004)

The Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 extended the principle of legal deposit in the United Kingdom to the non-print world. This paper considers the Act particularly from the perspective of the British Library, which, since its formation in 1973, has led the campaign to reform legal deposit legislation. After a brief review of the history of legal deposit since 1610, the build-up to legislation during the years 1974–2002 is considered. There follows a detailed account of the passage of the Legal Deposit Libraries Bill through Parliament in 2002–3, and a summary of the provisions of the measure, as finally amended, as it has entered the statute books. Early progress towards implementation is described, following both statutory and voluntary routes. Finally, an assessment is offered of some of the key issues which surfaced during the Parliamentary debates, and a number of critical success factors identified. The Act itself is reproduced in the Appendix.
An Upstream Open Reading Frame Regulates Translation of GADD34 during Cellular Stresses That Induce eIF2α Phosphorylation (2009)

Cellular stress such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and viral infection activates an integrated stress response, which includes the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) to inhibit overall protein synthesis. Paradoxically, this leads to translation of a subset of mRNAs, like transcription factor ATF4, which in turn induces transcription of downstream stress-induced genes such as growth arrest DNA-inducible gene 34 (GADD34). GADD34 interacts with protein phosphatase 1 to dephosphorylate eIF2alpha, resulting in a negative feedback loop to recover protein synthesis and allow translation of stress-induced transcripts. Here, we show that GADD34 is not only transcriptionally induced but also translationally regulated to ensure maximal expression during eIF2alpha phosphorylation. GADD34 mRNAs are preferentially associated with polysomes during eIF2alpha phosphorylation, which is mediated by its 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR). The human GADD34 5'UTR contains two non-overlapping upstream open reading frames (uORFs), whereas the mouse version contains two overlapping and out of frame uORFs. Using 5'UTR GADD34 reporter constructs, we show that the downstream uORF mediates repression of basal translation and directs translation during eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that the upstream uORF is poorly translated and that a proportion of scanning ribosomes bypasses the upstream uORF to recognize the downstream uORF. These findings suggest that GADD34 translation is regulated by a unique 5'UTR uORF mechanism to ensure proper GADD34 expression during eIF2alpha phosphorylation. This mechanism may serve as a model for understanding how other 5'UTR uORF-containing mRNAs are regulated during cellular stress.
The analysis of balanced, linear differential circuits (1995)

The salient characteristics of differential electronic systems are overviewed, and a generalized low frequency analysis of these systems is presented. This analysis, which produces accurate Thevenin equivalent circuits for the input and output ports of balanced differential pairs, discloses a shortcoming pervasive of much of the electronic circuits textbook literature. In particular, an account is rarely made of the dependence of the differential input and differential output resistances on respective common mode input and output resistances. It is shown that the functional relationship of differential resistance to corresponding common mode resistance is easily factored into the generalized analysis of balanced differential pairs. The paper goes on to demonstrate that the failure to account for this dependence can lead to significant analytical errors when the common mode resistance at an input or an output port of a balanced pair is not substantially larger than the corresponding differential mode resistance. Such a situation often materializes when circuits are designed to deliver very low equivalent input noise and/or very wide passbands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimally Invasive Guided Bone Regeneration (2007)

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is indicated when there is a volume deficiency of the residual ridge that prohibits implantation or optimal implant installation for esthetic and functional needs. Our objective is to describe a new minimally invasive GBR and report its clinical application in several patients. A vertical incision is made mesial to the augmentation zone. The periosteum is initially elevated with a miniature chisel, and then through a series of sequential balloon inflations. This yields a tunnel with adequate space for membrane insertion, decortication, and grafting with substitute bone and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) filling. Primary closure is obtained by 2 or 3 simple interrupted sutures. Vertical and horizontal gains were measured on computerized tomography obtained before and 5 to 6 months after the procedure. Eleven patients were treated with this procedure. There were no significant adverse events. The range of vertical gain was 2.4 to 5.1 mm, while horizontal gain measured 1.3 to 3.9 mm. Implants were successfully placed in 6 patients.
Maintaining correctness, availability, and unambiguity in trusted database management systems (2003)

The various kinds of threats to integrity and security that arise in multilevel secure database systems are examined. The authors consider the various kinds of integrity constraints on a database and describe the conflicts between security and the various general integrity properties. They then consider an example of a trusted DBMS (database management system), in the spirit of R. Burns' 'homework problem' (1988) in the RADC database security workshop, to illustrate how the problem of conflict between integrity and the requirements of trusted databases may arise, and how it may be minimized. In each case, they discuss the tradeoffs between correctness, availability, and unambiguity, and how they affect recoverability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
28GHz Phased Array Transceiver in 28nm Bulk CMOS for 5G Prototype User Equipment and Base Stations (2018)

A 28GHz phased array transceiver with RF/IF conversion in 28nm bulk CMOS supports up to 12 antenna elements each on 2 MIMO layers. The transceiver is targeted for small antenna arrays in mobile user equipment, implements an AMPM compensated PA, passive 3b phase shifters and supports tiling to extend the antenna array size for prototype basestation applications. Radiated results are presented for both UE and basestation size arrays.
Highway Bridge Inspection: State-of-the-Practice Survey (2001)

The congressionally mandated National Bridge Inspection Program requires states to inspect periodically all highway bridges on public roads, among other activities; visual inspection (VI) is the primary tool used to perform these inspections. A survey was conducted to help determine current policies and practices that may affect the accuracy and reliability of VI. The survey had three main objectives: to compile a “state of the practice” for bridge inspection, particularly as it pertains to VI; to gather information about bridge inspection management to study how inspection management may influence the reliability of inspections; and to gather data about the current use of nondestructive evaluation technologies and to identify current and future research needs. State departments of transportation, local departments of transportation, and select bridge inspection contractors participated in the survey. Conclusions drawn from this study indicate that the use of nondestructive evaluation has increased since 1993 and that the use of American Society of Nondestructive Testing Level III–certified personnel is increasing. VI was cited as the most frequently used nondestructive evaluation technique; however, vision testing for inspectors is almost nonexistent. Typically, professional engineers were not on site for inspections. State departments of transportation indicated a large demand for future research into the nondestructive evaluation of prestressed concrete superstructures and concrete decks.
Generalized Method for Probability-based Peptide and Protein Identification from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data and Sequence Database Searching (2008)

Tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics is currently in great demand of computational methods that facilitate the elimination of likely false positives in peptide and protein identification. In the last few years, a number of new peptide identification programs have been described, but scores or other significance measures reported by these programs cannot always be directly translated into an easy to interpret error rate measurement such as the false discovery rate. In this work we used generalized lambda distributions to model frequency distributions of database search scores computed by MASCOT, X!TANDEM with k-score plug-in, OMSSA, and InsPecT. From these distributions, we could successfully estimate p values and false discovery rates with high accuracy. From the set of peptide assignments reported by any of these engines, we also defined a generic protein scoring scheme that enabled accurate estimation of protein-level p values by simulation of random score distributions that was also found to yield good estimates of protein-level false discovery rate. The performance of these methods was evaluated by searching four freely available data sets ranging from 40,000 to 285,000 MS/MS spectra.
Flexible Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Tb scintillators pixelated with polyethylene microstructures for digital x-ray image sensors (2008)

Flexible scintillators for digital x-ray image sensors were designed, fabricated and characterized. In these scintillaotrs, terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S:Tb) scintillator pixels were embedded into a polyethylene (PE) substrate. To evaluate the difference in the spatial resolution according to the pixel size, we designed three scintillators with pixels of different pitch sizes: 50 µm pitch size (P50), 100 µm pitch size (P100) and 200 µm pitch size (P200). Because of the high flexibility and good formability, polyethylene was used as the substrate of the scintillator. To fabricate nickel micromolds with high-aspect-ratio microstructures, two microfabrication techniques were employed: silicon dry-etching using a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process and nickel electroforming. The pixelated PE microstructures were fabricated by a hot embossing process. Because the solution-type Gd2O2S:Tb precursor can be handled at room temperature, Gd2O2S:Tb was used as the scintillator material. The measured sensitivities of the P50 and P100 models were, respectively, about 65% and 97% of that of the P200 model. The lower sensitivity values of the models with a small pitch size were due to two factors, such as the different pixel heights and the different fill factors. Because a scintillator with a small pixel size has a low fill factor, the sensitivity of the scintillator decreases as the pixel size decreases. The fill factors of the P50, P100 and P200 models were 36%, 49% and 56.25%, respectively. On the other hand, the spatial resolution of the scintillator increases as the pixel size decreases. Therefore, P50 gave the best spatial resolution among the designed models. The spatial frequency at 10% of the modulation transfer function (MTF) with P50 was 13.5 mm−1, while that with P200 was 10.0 mm−1. The resolution pattern and the tooth x-ray images obtained from a scintillator with a smaller pixel size was also clearer than that obtained from a scintillator with a larger pixel size. PE-based flexible Gd2O2S:Tb scintillators can be utilized directly in flexible x-ray image sensors.
Status and trends of I<sup>2</sup>L/MTL technology (1983)

The integrated Injection Logic or Merged Transistor Logic (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L/MTL) techniques have led to attractive VLSI products, such as 16 bit microprocessors with 600 logic gates/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 3 ns delay or 18 k bit static RAM's of 30 ns access. Even 64 k SRAM's of 25 ns access are feasible in today's manufacturing processes. Moreover, recent technology advancements significantly extend the potential of I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L/MTL. Polysilicon self-alignment techniques enable logic circuit delays in the subnanosecond range, and deep-groove dielectric isolation schemes considerably enhance the density and performance of static RAM's in conjunction with new cell design techniques.
Supporting a Role for the GTPase Rab7 in Prostate Cancer Progression (2014)

Invasion and subsequent metastasis is the major cause of death from most cancers including prostate cancer. Herein we report on the potential tumor suppressive properties of Rab7, a GTPase that regulates trafficking of lysosomes. The movement of lysosomes to the cell surface in response to environmental cues increases the secretion of proteinases and cell invasion. We determined that Troglitazone and other members of the Thiazolidinedione family inhibit cell-surface directed lysosome trafficking and cathepsin B secretion through a Rab7-dependent mechanism. Moreover, Rab7 shRNA expressing cells were found to be more invasive in vitro and in vivo. Increased invasiveness was accompanied by elevated expression of the c-Met receptor and prolonged downstream signaling, thereby supporting a role for Rab7 as a mediator of signaling down-regulation. Taken together, these results suggested that Rab7 acts as a negative regulator of prostate tumor growth and invasion, providing further evidence for its potential as a tumor suppressor.
Lubrication of space systems (1995)

NASA has many high-technology programs plannned for the future, such as the space station, Mission to Planet Earth (a series of Earth-observing satellites), space telescopes, and planetary orbiters. These missions will involve advanced mechanical moving components, space mechanisms that will need wear protection and lubrication. The tribology practices used in space today are primarily based on a technology that is more than 20 years old. The question is the following: Is this technology base good enough to meet the needs of these future long-duration NASA missions? This paper examines NASA's future space missions, how mechanisms are currently lubricated, some of the mechanism and tribology challenges that may be encountered in future missions, and some potential solutions to these future challenges.
Design and actualization of SOA-based data mining system (2008)

Combining SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) and the latest trend in date mining system development, this paper explores the advantages of service-based Data Mining services and a framework for designing the data mining system based on SOA, and also a way to set up this framework by the use of WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) is brought forward. The detailed analysis into key technologies necessary for achieving this framework is made particularly in this paper. These key technologies includes the implementation methods of the following services, that are uploading big documents service, data cleaning service, data Mining algorithm service, OLAP (OnLine Analysis Processing) service, date management service based on metadata, the realization of data warehouse service and OLAP service through programming with ADOMD.NET and how to make the solution of designing Data Mining system by using WCF .
Normal Bacterial Populations of the Intestine and Their Relation to Intestinal Function (1964)

Host NutritionSince intestinal function and nutrition are intimately related it seems appropriate to comment on the role of the intestinal flora in the nutrition of the host.71,72, 80 81 82 83 Present-day interest in the subject has developed from observations made with broad-spectrum antibiotics. In 1950 Stokstad and Jukes84 reported that the body weight of chicks was significantly increased by the addition of small quantities of chlortetracycline to the diet. This report has led to a massive literature concerned with antibiotics in nutrition,71,72, 82 and the use of antibiotics in domestic animal feed has become a multimillion-dollar industry. Administration of antibiotics has been shown . . .
Study of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) radiation detector modules under moderate and long-term variations of temperature and humidity (2007)

A gamma camera, assembled from radiation imaging modules based on cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), has been studied under moderate and long-term variations of temperature (15degC to 40degC) and humidity (10% to 70%). Over one year we acquired energy spectra from radiation sources and we measured the photo-peak position and energy resolution. We observe that the camera remains within the desired performance specifications. We conclude that the CZT sensor material is stable over the temperature and humidity range tested and that the CZT sensors retain their energy resolution of 5.4 keV FWHM at 122 keV and keep the photo-peak position within a margin of plusmn1 keV.
The Effectiveness of Rectal Administration of Insulin Suppository on Normal and Diabetic Subjects (1981)

The effectiveness of insulin administration by rectal suppository was examined in normal and non-insulin-dependent nonobese diabetic subjects. A 100-U insulin suppository (mean 1.8 U/kg) given to the diabetic subjects caused four times as great a fall in plasma glucose compared with the normal subjects given the same dose (mean 1.6 U/kg). The insulin response after suppository administration demonstrated a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) with the plasma glucose level before administration. Diabetic subjects given a 100-U insulin suppository (mean 1.7 U/kg) 15 min after meals three times daily showed a significant (P less than 0.05) improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia accompanied by a restoration of the normal circadian profile of plasma IRI and a reduction of urinary glucose from 26 +/- 5.9 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 g/day. No untoward reactions were observed. These data strongly imply a unique characteristic of the insulin suppository in spite of low bioavailability.