gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research Papers: Response of Flue Cured Tobacco to Application of Nematicides (1979)

A field study was carried out in Perez Zeledon, Costa Rica, to evaluate the effects of aldicarb, fensulfothion, phenamiphos, two formulations of carbofuran, two of ethoprop and two treatments with oxamyl (one consisted of two foliar applications of the chemical, and the other was a bare-root dip treatment during 10 min), in doses of 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 0.65 kg a.i./ha and 1,500 ppm, respectively, on the yield and other variables of flue-cured tobacco, cv. Speight G-28, and on control of nematodes. No significant differences were found between nematicide treatments and control on yield, quality and gross income, although a considerable net profit was obtained with one carbofuran formulation (Furadan) and fensulfothion. Some chemicals significantly reduced the root-knot index caused by Meloidogyne incognita and population densities of this and other nematodes in the soil.
Probabilistic forecasting of ionospheric scintillation and GNSS receiver signal tracking performance at high latitudes (2013)

At high latitudes, phase scintillation occurs predominantly on the dayside in the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp, and in the nightside auroral oval. A new technique of probabilistic forecasting of phase scintillation occurrence relative to the arrival time of high-speed solar wind from coronal holes and interplanetary coronal mass ejections has recently been proposed [Prikryl et al. 2012]. Cumulative probability distribution functions for the phase-scintillation occurrence that are obtained can be specified for low (below-median) and high (above-median) values of various solar wind plasma parameters. Recent advances in modeling of high-speed solar wind and coronal mass ejections, combined with the probabilistic forecasting of scintillation, will lead to improved operational space weather forecasting applications. Scintillation forecasting and mitigation techniques need to be developed to avoid potential costly failures of technology-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems in the near future, in particular during the upcoming solar maximum. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems receiver-tracking performance during severe scintillation conditions can be assessed by the analysis of receiver phase-locked-loop jitter. Tracking jitter maps [Sreeja et al. 2011] offers a potentially useful tool to provide users with expected tracking conditions, if based on scintillation predictions as proposed above. Scintillation indices are obtained from L1 GPS data collected with the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network. Combined with high rate amplitude and phase data, they can be used as input to receiver tracking models to develop scintillation mitigation techniques.
Drug combination treatment in patients with ALS (1996)

Although the cause of ALS remains enigmatic, plausible hypotheses have been generated and new facts are continuously presented to explain the disease process in ALS, as have been summarized in this colloquium. The likelihood that several drugs will be effective in treating ALS is a reality. At present, the first drug available by prescription for ALS, riluzole, appears to have only modest effects in prolonging survival. A consensus has developed that a key strategy for increasing benefit is the treatment of ALS patients with a combination of drugs that are effective individually to achieve additive or synergistic benefits. In fact, a combination of several drugs is the standard practice in the treatment of advanced cancers and infectious diseases. In this report, we review the preclinical data supporting combination treatment for ALS and discuss the issues that need to be addressed with drug combination treatment of patients with ALS.

Motor neuron survival in chick embryonic tissue culture is only 4.8% in the control medium, whereas the percentage of the survival increases to 14.5% when insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is added, 51.9% with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and 60.7% with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). [1] When these trophic molecules are combined in the culture media, the percentage of motor neuron survival rises to 76.1% with a combination of bFGF and IGF-I, 87% with CNTF and IGF-I, and 98.2% with bFGF and CNTF. A combination of all three trophic factors (bFGF, IGF-I, and CNTF), however, does not increase the survival further. Concerning the survival of in vitro motor neurons, a combination of bFGF and CNTF appears to be most effective. [1] Although these studies demonstrate a partially additive effect of the combination, [1] similar studies have shown that a combination of CNTF and bFGF results in survival-promoting effects that are more than …
Accurate measurements of homonuclear HN-H.alpha. coupling constants in polypeptides using heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAccurate measurements of homonuclear HN-H.alpha. coupling constants in polypeptides using heteronuclear 2D NMR experimentsGaetano T. Montelione and Gerhard WagnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 14, 5474–5475Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00196a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00196a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological discrimination between muscarinic receptor signal transduction cascades with bethanechol chloride (2003)

1. Muscarinic agonist specificity is limited, making it difficult to match receptor subtypes with signal transduction cascades that mediate ion channel modulation. We have characterized the inhibitory effects of two muscarinic agonists, oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) and bethanechol chloride (BeCh), on Ca(2+) currents in neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. 2. Oxo-M-mediated (10 micro M) inhibition occurred via two signaling pathways. The first pathway inhibited whole cell peak currents, consisting primarily of N-type current, but not FPL 64176-induced, long-lasting tail currents, comprised entirely of L-type current. Inhibited currents displayed slowed activation kinetics and voltage dependence, characteristics of membrane-delimited inhibition. Current inhibition was blocked by the selective M(2) receptor antagonist, methoctramine (METH; 100 nM), or following pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment. 3. Activation of the second pathway inhibited both peak and long-lasting tail currents. This pathway was voltage-independent, PTX-insensitive, but sensitive to internal Ca(2+) chelator concentration. Muscarinic toxin 7 (MT-7, 100 nM), an irreversible M(1) receptor antagonist, eliminated this inhibition. Oxo-M (100 micro M) decreased L- and N-type channel activities in cell-attached patches, indicating that a diffusible second messenger is involved. 4. BeCh (100 micro M) also inhibited whole cell currents via the membrane-delimited pathway. Blocking M(4) receptors with 100 nM pirenzepine (in the presence of MT-7) had no effect, while antagonizing M(2) receptors with METH abolished inhibition. Concentrations of BeCh as high as 3 mM failed to inhibit either peak or long-lasting tail currents following PTX pretreatment. 5. These results indicate that BeCh may be an effective tool for selectively activating M(2) receptor stimulation of the membrane-delimited pathway.
High-Temperature Superconductors (1987)

The energy distribution of the occupied and unoccupied electronic states of the high temperature superconductors La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.9 have been identified using x-ray photoemission and inverse photoemission. These results show low state density within several eV of the Fermi energy, EF, well-defined Cu-O occupied levels ~4 eV below EF, and the Ba, Y, and La states above EF. Chemisorption of oxygen produces a structure ~1.6 eV above EF, and high energy electron bombardment eliminates this structure for La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 but not for YBa2Cu3O6.9. The deposition of Fe overlayers on La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 reduces the emission within ~3 eV of EF, indicating disruption of the hybrid Cu 3dx2-y2 -- O 2px,y states responsible for superconductivity. Fe adatoms also selectively alter the chemical states of Cu, quenching the Cu2+ configuration and leaving the surface region in a Cu1+ configuration. The growth of a thicker film results in the burial of the region containing Fe-O and the disrupted superconductor, although there continues to be evidence for O in solution in the Fe film.
In situ monitoring of myocardial metabolism by laser fluorimetry: Relevance of a test of local ischemia (1985)

We have developed a hypoxia test by local ischemia, to be performed with a special probe adapted to an in situ NADH laser fluorimeter. Local ischemia is produced by pressurization on the organ surface in an area of approximately 0.2 mm2. In order to assess the method on open-chest rat hearts (ten), we used the following protocol: local ischemia tests (three), global anoxia (100% N2 ventilation), superimposition of local ischemia to global anoxia, and local ischemia tests during the period just prior to death and immediately thereafter. Three different responses were observed: large amplitude of compensated fluorescence (Fo) increase, medium amplitude of Fo increase, and no Fo increase. These responses were related to the metabolic state prior to the test (States 3, 4, and 5 of Chance's nomenclature). We have thus demonstrated the possibility of very rapidly determining the in situ NADH degree of reduction, without a destructive assay. Such a parameter may be of great relevance in heart surgery, as it might allow detection of potentially harmful situations, thereby enabling early and appropriate treatment.
Mapping antigenic sites on the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis with synthetic peptides (1990)

The antigenicity of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis was comprehensively evaluated by using overlapping hexapeptide homologs of serovar B MOMP and polyclonal rabbit antisera in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 367 hexapeptides, 152 showed reactivities with at least one antiserum. Seven hexapeptides located within variable domain (VD) IV (residues 288 to 316) were found to be most reactive in terms of their binding titer and frequency, suggesting that VD IV is the immunodominant region within the MOMP as detected by this assay. Peptide-reactive antibodies could also recognize corresponding epitopes on either viable or acetone-permeabilized organisms. The antigenic specificity and immunoaccessibility of epitopes located in VD IV were resolved by absorbing antisera with chlamydial elementary bodies. Six antigenic sites were found in this region and included a B-type-specific site (S1), four subserogroup-specific sites (S2 and S4 to 6), and one species-specific site (S3), each displaying varying degrees of surface exposures on elementary bodies from different C. trachomatis serovars.
Autocrine Activation of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor/Met Tyrosine Kinase Induces Tumor Cell Motility by Regulating Pseudopodial Protrusion (2002)

The multiple beta-actin rich pseudopodial protrusions of the invasive variant of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-transformed epithelial MDCK cells (MSV-MDCK-INV) are strongly labeled for phosphotyrosine. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation among a number of proteins was detected in MSV-MDCK-INV cells relative to untransformed and MSV-transformed MDCK cells, especially for the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF-R), otherwise known as c-met proto-oncogene. Cell surface expression of HGF-R was similar in the three cell lines, indicating that HGF-R is constitutively phosphorylated in MSV-MDCK-INV cells. Both the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A and the HGFalpha antibody abolished HGF-R phosphorylation, induced retraction of pseudopodial protrusions, and promoted the establishment of cell-cell contacts as well as the apparition of numerous stabilizing stress fibers in MSV-MDCK-INV cells. Furthermore, anti-HGFalpha antibody abolished cell motility among MSV-MDCK-INV cells. Conditioned medium from MSV-MDCK-INV cells induced MDCK cell scattering, indicating that HGF is secreted by MSV-MDCK-INV cells. HGF titration followed by a subsequent washout of the antibodies led to renewed pseudopodial protrusion and cellular movement. We therefore show that activation of the tyrosine kinase activity of HGF-R/Met via an autocrine HGF loop is directly responsible for pseudopodial protrusion, thereby explaining the motile and invasive potential of this model epithelium-derived tumor cell line.
Virtual Refrigerant Charge Sensor (2008)

Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of all air conditioners suffer from improper charge or air flow problems causing them to operate 10 to 20 percent less efficiently than expected. Utilities in California have developed incentive programs to encourage HVAC service contractors to tune up residential and small commercial air conditioners. A significant aspect of these programs involves refrigerant charge verification. In addition, Title 24 of the California code requires refrigerant charge verification for new installations and retrofits. This paper presents a method for determining refrigerant charge using low-cost, noninvasive measurements (i.e., surface mounted temperature measurements). The method could be used as part of a protocol for verified service providers (VSPs) in California AC diagnostic tuneup or refrigerant charge, air flow (RCA) verification programs. Ultimately, the method could be embedded within a portable virtual refrigerant charge gauge for a technician’s use or permanently installed on the AC unit. The accuracy of the virtual refrigerant charge sensor method is evaluated in this paper using laboratory data for a number of different systems and over a wide range of operating conditions with and without the presence of other faults. Seven different systems are considered, including a window unit, residential split systems, and light commercial packaged systems employing either fixed orifice expansion devices or thermostatic expansion valves and R-22 or R-410a as the refrigerant. The virtual refrigerant charge sensor is shown to have good performance in terms of accuracy and robustness and has the potential to be easily implemented and installed.
Advances in Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway by Synthetic Products and Its Regulation by Epigenetic Modulators as a Therapy for Glioblastoma (2019)

Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the nervous system, and approximately 50% of patients exhibit the most aggressive form of the cancer, glioblastoma. The biological function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumorigenesis and progression has been established in various types of cancers, since it is overexpressed, mutated, or dysregulated. Its overexpression has been shown to be associated with enhanced metastatic potential in glioblastoma, with EGFR at the top of a downstream signaling cascade that controls basic functional properties of glioblastoma cells such as survival, cell proliferation, and migration. Thus, EGFR is considered as an important therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Many anti-EGFR therapies have been investigated both in vivo and in vitro, making their way to clinical studies. However, in clinical trials, the potential efficacy of anti-EGFR therapies is low, primarily because of chemoresistance. Currently, a range of epigenetic drugs including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNA methylation and histone inhibitors, microRNA, and different types of EGFR inhibitor molecules are being actively investigated in glioblastoma patients as therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe recent knowledge on the signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) with regard to current therapeutic strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII amplified glioblastoma.
Least-cost Path in GIS Using an Accumulated Cost Surface and Slopelines (1994)

One of the most interesting and potentially useful applications of geographic information systems is the computation over a mapped space of the fastest, shortest, least-cost, or least-impact routes, given a map of the area with its frictions, costs and impediments. The problem is compared to the refraction of light, and a general solution is discussed, with algorithms to implement these. The problem is broken down into the computation of an accumulated cost surface integrated about a destination, and the generation of slope lines, which are the least-cost paths. Examples are presented from the sport of orinteering.
Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man. (1983)

A total of 237 healthy subjects were studied in four placebo-controlled double-blind trials with parallel treatment groups. The subjects ingested a capsule (diazepam or placebo) and decaffeinated coffee with or without added caffeine or theophylline. Diazepam (10 and 20 mg) impaired dose dependently cognitive skills as measured by digit symbol substitution and letter cancellation, the balance of extraocular muscles, flicker fusion, and tapping speed. With diazepam 10 mg statistically significant effects were seen on digit symbols and exophoria only. Theophylline (10 mg/kg) increased tapping speed and heart rate, whereas other objective measurements were negative for the effects of theophylline or caffeine (250 and 500 mg) alone. Subjectively they reduced calmness, and caffeine also increased alertness. Caffeine 250 mg counteracted diazepam induced (10 mg) impairment of cognitive skills and relaxation of extraocular muscles whereas caffeine 500 mg counteracted the same effects of diazepam 20 mg, respectively. Theophylline antagonized diazepam-induced impairment in digit symbol substitution and tapping speed tests. Subjectively, caffeine and theophylline counteracted diazepam induced drowsiness and mental slowness. The results suggest, therefore, that the ample use of methylxanthines compensates various side-effects of benzodiazepines in man. It may also increase the need of sedation and thus the consumption of benzodiazepines.
The distribution of heavy-chain isoforms of myosin in airways smooth muscle from adult and neonate humans (1989)

Changes in the expression of heavy chains of myosin during development determine the functional characteristics of striated muscles. The distribution of heavy-chain isoforms of smooth-muscle myosin was determined in the airways of adult and infant humans to see whether it might underlie the hyperreactivity of human airways. The protein bands corresponding to myosin were separated using SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (4% gels) and identified by immunoblotting using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against smooth-muscle myosin and non-muscle myosin. The relative proportion of each heavy chain stained by Coomassie Blue was measured by densitometric scanning. Three major bands corresponding to myosin heavy-chain isoforms were found; the two slower migrating bands (MHC1 and MHC2) were smooth-muscle myosin, and the third band was non-muscle myosin. The MHC1/MHC2 ratio was 0.69:1 in adult bronchus, and in infant bronchus and trachea. This contrasted with the airway smooth muscle in pigs, which was run concurrently, where the smooth-muscle heavy-chain ratio changed with development [Mohammad & Sparrow (1988) FEBS Lett. 228, 109-112]. The non-muscle myosin heavy chain comprised 63% of the smooth-muscle myosin. In both adult and infant lungs an additional putative myosin heavy chain which migrated slightly more rapidly than non-muscle myosin heavy chain was identified using the monoclonal smooth-muscle myosin antibody BF 48. This was unique to the human species.
Incentivized Delivery Network of IoT Software Updates Based on Trustless Proof-of-Distribution (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) network of connected devices currently contains more than 11 billion devices and is estimated to double in size within the next four years. The prevalence of these devices makes them an ideal target for attackers. To reduce the risk of attacks vendors routinely deliver security updates (patches) for their devices. The delivery of security updates becomes challenging due to the issue of scalability as the number of devices may grow much quicker than vendors' distribution systems. Previous studies have suggested a permissionless and decentralized blockchainbased network in which nodes can host and deliver security updates, thus the addition of new nodes scales out the network. However, these studies do not provide an incentive for nodes to join the network, making it unlikely for nodes to freely contribute their hosting space, bandwidth, and computation resources. In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized IoT software update delivery network in which participating nodes (referred to as distributors) are compensated by vendors with digital currency for delivering updates to devices. Upon the release of a new security update, a vendor will make a commitment to provide digital currency to distributors that deliver the update; the commitment will be made with the use of smart contracts, and hence will be public, binding, and irreversible. The smart contract promises compensation to any distributor that provides proof-of-distribution, which is unforgeable proof that a single update was delivered to a single device. A distributor acquires the proof-of-distribution by exchanging a security update for a device signature using the Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment (ZKCP) trustless data exchange protocol. Eliminating the need for trust between the security update distributor and the security consumer (IoT device) by providing fair compensation, can significantly increase the number of distributors, thus facilitating rapid scale out.
Leukemia-Inhibitory Factor—Neuroimmune Modulator of Endocrine Function* (2000)

Leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by multiple tissue types. The LIF receptor shares a common gp130 receptor subunit with the IL-6 cytokine superfamily. LIF signaling is mediated mainly by JAK-STAT (janus-kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathways and is abrogated by the SOCS (suppressor-of cytokine signaling) and PIAS (protein inhibitors of activated STAT) proteins. In addition to classic hematopoietic and neuronal actions, LIF plays a critical role in several endocrine functions including the utero-placental unit, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, bone cell metabolism, energy homeostasis, and hormonally responsive tumors. This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating LIF expression and action and also provides a systemic overview of LIF-mediated endocrine regulation. Local and systemic LIF serve to integrate multiple developmental and functional cell signals, culminating in maintaining appropriate hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. LIF thus functions as a critical molecular interface between the neuroimmune and endocrine systems.