gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated mass production line for optical module using passive alignment technique (2002)

Since the growth of fiber optic communications, extremely low cost optical modules have been expected to be realized. Particularly for the subscriber applications and local area networks (LANs), less than half of past module cost is required. In accordance with the spread of fiber optic transmission, higher volume manufacture is also needed. To attain both of low cost and high productivity, we developed passive alignment technique and optical coupling structure that is suitable for automatic assembly. We also developed automatic assemble equipment for producing several types of optical modules. To reduce optical module cost, it is important to cut down the assembly cost and expensive parts such as optical lens. The passive alignment technique brings us to realize easy assembly of modules and minimize the constructed components of optical coupling. Our mass production techniques include not only for optical coupling but also packaging of the module. We have several types of optical modules according to different fiber communication systems; there are laser modules, detector modules, optical interface modules that are integrated optical coupling and electrical circuit, and PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) modules that are integrated passive component. Basically all modules have same optical coupling structure and keep the design rules for automatic assembly. Accordingly, we can use the same equipment for the same assembly process. In this paper, we will introduce basic assembly process and our mass production line for optical coupling and packaging by using passive alignment technique.
Low-intensity pulsed galvanic current and the healing of tenotomized rat achilles tendons: preliminary report using load-to-breaking measurements. (1987)

The possible beneficial effects of low-intensity, pulsed galvanic currents on the healing of tenotomized Achilles tendons was investigated in three groups (20 animals each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatments via implanted electrodes were given once daily for 15 minutes over a two-week period. Although a portable high-voltage galvanic stimulator was used, stimulus intensity was only 75 microA at a frequency of 10/sec. Tendons were tested after two weeks for the load required to rebreak them at the original tenotomy site. The group treated with anodal current withstood significantly greater loads (p less than 0.001) than did either the group which healed normally (ie, without stimulation) or the group treated with cathodal current.
Activated gas plasma surface treatment of polymers for adhesive bonding (1969)

Abstract Polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl fluoride) (Tedlar), polystyrene, nylon 6, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Mylar), polycarbonate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and a poly(oxymethylene) copolymer were treated with activated helium and with activated oxygen. Mechanical strengths of adhesive‐bonded specimens prepared from treated and from untreated coupons were compared. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) showed the greatest increases in bond strength. Oxygen and helium were both effective with polyethylene, but polypropylene showed no improvement when treated with activated helium. The results with excited helium parallel the effects of ionizing radiation on these two polymers, as does the appearance of unsaturation bands in the infrared (965 cm −1 in PE, and 887 and 910 cm −1 in PP). Active nitrogen produced excellent bond strength with polyethylene but not with polypropylene. Of the remaining polymers examined, Tedlar, polystyrene, and nylon 6 showed the greatest improvement in bondability after treatment, and Mylar showed moderate improvement. Polycarbonate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and the poly(oxymethylene) copolymer gave approximately two‐fold increases in lap‐shear bond strength. In several cases, significant differences in response to time of treatment and type of excited gas were found.
Expression of cripto, a novel gene of the epidermal growth factor gene family, leads to in vitro transformation of a normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line. (1991)

cripto is a gene encoding an epidermal growth factor-related protein that is expressed in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. To ascertain if cripto is capable of functioning as a transforming gene, a full-length human cripto complementary DNA under the transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat has been cotransfected with the selectable pSV2neo marker plasmid into immortalized mouse NOG-8 mammary epithelial cells. Several neomycin-resistant clones were isolated that express high levels of a specific cripto 4.5-kilobase mRNA transcript and possess multiple copies of cripto plasmid DNA. NOG-8 cells that express cripto are able to clone in soft agar and exhibit an approximately 3-fold increase in their anchorage-dependent growth in serum-free medium as compared to the neo-transfected NOG-8 cells. However, none of the cripto-expressing NOG-8 clones are able to form tumors in nude mice.
Wireless Communication Systems: From RF Subsystems to 4G Enabling Technologies (2010)

This practically-oriented, all-inclusive guide covers all the major enabling techniques for current and next-generation cellular communications and wireless networking systems. Technologies covered include CDMA, OFDM, UWB, turbo and LDPC coding, smart antennas, wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, MIMO, and cognitive radios, providing readers with everything they need to master wireless systems design in a single volume. Uniquely, a detailed introduction to the properties, design, and selection of RF subsystems and antennas is provided, giving readers a clear overview of the whole wireless system. It is also the first textbook to include a complete introduction to speech coders and video coders used in wireless systems. Richly illustrated with over 400 figures, and with a unique emphasis on practical and state-of-the-art techniques in system design, rather than on the mathematical foundations, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in wireless communications, as well as for wireless and telecom engineers
MIXED LINEAGE KINASE INHIBITOR CEP- 1347 FAILS TO DELAY DISABILITY IN EARLY PARKINSON DISEASE (2008)

We read the Parkinson Study Group’s article with interest.1 The disappointing result in PRECEPT that used mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) inhibitor CEP-1347 for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) may be because 1) the hypothesis that MLK inhibitors retard disease progression is incorrect; 2) the inhibitor does not reach therapeutic levels in the CNS; or 3) MLK inhibitors require an additional signal to maintain dopaminergic neuronal survival. Based on our research into the molecular mechanism of MLK inhibitors, we propose the third possibility as why MLK inhibitors did not maintain neuronal survival.

Small-molecule MLK inhibitors such as CEP-1347 and CEP-11004 inhibit activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and neuronal cell death pathway in many cell culture and animal models. However, in three well-defined cell culture models of trophic factor-withdrawal neuronal cell death, neurons maintained by MLK inhibitors require additional activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway for survival.2,3

In sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor, MLK inhibitors induce TrkA receptor overexpression.3 Increases in TrkA expression cause ligand-independent activation of the receptor and, consequently, the PI3-kinase-Akt-GSK (glycogen synthase kinase)-3 pathway. Inhibition of PI3-kinase negates the long-term cell survival and trophic effects of MLK inhibitors.

In contrast, MLK inhibitors only maintain short-term survival in trophic-deprived cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) that express TrkB, another Trk-receptor family member. While MLK inhibitors increase TrkB expression, this does …
High resolution 3D cardiac perfusion imaging using compartment-based k-t PCA (2010)

k-t PCA is a a regularized image reconstruction method to recover images from highly undersampled dynamic magnetic resonance data. It is based on the decomposition of the training and the undersampled data into temporally and spatially invariant terms using principal component analysis. In this paper, a compartment-based k-t PCA reconstruction approach is presented, with the objective of improving highly undersampled, high-resolution 3D myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by constraining the temporal content of different spatial compartments in the image series based on the bolus arrival times and prior knowledge about the signal intensity-time curves.
The Influence of Water and Metal Salt on the Transport and Structural Properties of 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride (2014)

The addition of diluents to ionic liquids (ILs) has recently been shown to enhance the transport properties of ILs. In the context of electrolyte design, this enhancement allows the realisation of IL-based electrolytes for metal–air batteries and other storage devices. It is likely that diluent addition not only impacts the viscosity of the IL, but also the ion–ion interactions and structure. Here, we investigate the nano-structured 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride (OMImCl) with varying water concentrations in the presence of two metal salts, zinc chloride and magnesium chloride. We find that the choice of metal salt has a significant impact on the structure and transport properties of the system; this is explained by the water structuring and destructing properties of the metal salt.
Spin-transfer torque generated by a topological insulator (2015)

Charge flowing in a thin film of the topological insulator bismuth selenide at room temperature can lead to spin accumulation in the insulator and a resultant strong spin-transfer torque on an adjacent thin film of ferromagnetic nickel–iron alloy, potentially offering a means of controlling the orientation of the alloy’s magnetization.
Million Veteran Program: A mega-biobank to study genetic influences on health and disease (2015)

By helping to promote the future integration of genetic testing in health care delivery, including clinical decision making, the MVP is designed to contribute to the development of precision medicine.
Design of a novel multi-drive system with reduced torque pulsations for an electric vehicle (2002)

The novel drive presented in this paper makes use of two specially designed permanent magnet axial field disc motors for each of the rear wheels of an electric vehicle. The stators of the two motors are mounted onto the chassis of the car, whilst the rotors are coupled to the shaft and directly drive the road wheel. Hence a reduction in the un-sprung mass of the wheel drive can be achieved. However since the wheel is perturbed by the road surface roughness effects, the rotor will move between the stators and induce torque pulsations in the machine. The new motor drive results in significantly reduced torque pulsations as compared with the case when a conventional disc motor is used. The paper presents design of the novel drive and 2D finite element analysis results.
Normalized Correlation Search In Alignment, Gauging, And Inspection (1987)

This paper is an in-depth look at determining the location and quality of image features by normalized correlation. We have investigated its accuracy, repeatability, and susceptibility to various forms of image degradation, and compared the results to other methods of locating features. We also present a novel, inexpensive device that performs the necessary computations very efficiently. The emphasis is on locating features for current, practical applications in manufacturing automation.
The spun cusp complexified: complex ray focusing in chiral conical diffraction (2007)

The intensity of light refracted along the optic axis of a slab of dichroic chiral birefringent crystal is studied for a Gaussian incident beam.The geometrical optics is derived in terms of complex rays.The dominant intensity features are exponential changes in intensity where pairs of rays exchange dominance, attributable to the interference of nonorthogonally polarized complex rays.These exponential gradients swamp the sites of ray focusing, which occur along two lines in space associated with the branch points of the ray equation, and around a closed loop called a complex whisker.The complex whisker intersects the branch focal lines at two 'complexified cusp' points, sites of higher-order focusing, which can be understood in terms of the complexification of one of the two control parameters defining the spun cusp catastrophe.The diffraction integrals are derived, and their asymptotics complementing the geometrical optics is explored.
Femtosecond laser written optofluidic sensor: Bragg grating waveguide evanescent probing of microfluidic channel (2009)

Microfluidic channels and Bragg Grating Waveguides (BGWs) were simultaneously fabricated inside fused silica glass by means of femtosecond laser exposure followed by chemical etching. Evanescent field penetration of the waveguide mode into the parallel microfluidic channel induced Bragg resonant wavelength shifts to enable refractive index characterization of the fluidic medium in the 1 to 1.452 range. Laser exposure was optimized to fabricate devices with optically smooth channel walls and narrow Bragg resonances for high sensing response at 1560 nm wavelength. Reference gratings were also employed in the optical circuit for temperature and strain compensation. These devices open new directions for optical sensing in three-dimensional optofluidic and reactor microsystems.
A study of a routing attack in OLSR‐based mobile<i>ad hoc</i>networks (2007)

Abstract A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes which are able to communicate with each other without relying on predefined infrastructures or central administration. Due to their flexibilities and easy deployment, MANET can be applied in situation where network infrastructures are not available. However, due to their unique characteristics such as open medium and the lack of central administration, they are much more vulnerable to malicious attacks than a conventional infrastructured wireless network. MANET employs routing to provide connectivity for mobile nodes that are not within direct wireless transmission range. Existing routing protocols in MANET assume a trusted and cooperative environment. However, in hostile environment, mobile nodes are susceptible to various kinds of routing attacks. In this paper, we show that an OLSR MANET node is prone to be isolated by malicious attack called Node Isolation attack. After analysing the attack in detail, we present a technique to mitigate the impact of the attack and improve the performance of the network when the attack is launched. The results of our implementations illustrate that the proposed solution can mitigate the attack efficiently. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open-Source Bitstream Generation for FPGAs (2013)

Bitstream generation has traditionally been the single part of the FPGA design flow that has not been openly reproduced. This work enables bitstream generation for "limited" resources without reverse-engineering or violating End-User License Agreement terms. Two use cases in particular have motivated this work--embedded bitstream generation and fast bitstream generation for small changes in design--both of which are not feasible with the Xilinx's bitstream generation tool. The approach is to first define a set of primitives which can implement an arbitrary digital design and create a library of micro-bitstreams of the primitives. An input design is then mapped to the set of primitives and a bitstream for the design is generated by merging the corresponding micro-bitstreams. This work uses architectural primitives. Initial support is limited to the Virtex-5 and Virtex-7 family of FPGAs from Xilinx, but it can be extended to other Xilinx architectures. Nearly all routing resources in the device, as well as the most common logic resources are supported by this work.
The production of multiringed Laguerre-Gaussian modes by computer-generated holograms (1998)

Abstract A computer-generated hologram is used for the production of high-order multiringed Laguerre–Gaussian modes. These holograms differ from those previously reported in that they have an additional circular discontinuity. The holograms are used in transmission and are designed to convert the fundamental Hermite–Gaussian laser mode into a Laguerre–Gaussian mode with specific azimuthal and radial indices. The optical efficiency exceeds 40% with a radial mode purity of approximately 80%.
Initiating treatment for idiopathic parkinsonism. (1994)

The initial decision in the management of idiopathic parkinsonism is whether any pharmacotherapy is indicated. There is no conclusive evidence that treatment is helpful before symptoms start to affect the patient's life, although some neurologists believe that deprenyl, also known as selegiline, could be useful. Once functional deficits begin to interfere with the patient's work or social activities, treating symptoms becomes appropriate. Anticholinergics and amantadine can be used, but their limited benefit is often accompanied by unacceptable adverse effects. Dopaminomimetics are the most satisfactory medications, including levodopa and such artificial dopamine agonists as bromocriptine, pergolide, or lisuride.
Tanks in the Streets: SUVs, Design Defects, and Ultrahazardous Strict Liability (2005)

SUV rollover crashes have been well-publicized and thoroughly litigated. Less attention has been paid to the lethal risks created by SUVs—particularly the latest "behemoth" SUVs like Hummers—to the occupants of other vehicles and pedestrians. Due to the design of SUVs, which are stiffer, heavier, and ride higher than cars, a collision between an SUV and a passenger car often results in catastrophic damage and injury to the occupants of the car, particularly when an SUV strikes a car broadside. Moreover, the design features of SUVs that create these dangers provide no utility or value to society. The "benefit" provided by an SUV consists of nothing more than a feeling of power and control that is purely personal to the driver of the SUV—a marginal benefit that pales in comparison to the risks created. This Note suggests two possibilities for addressing the extraordinary dangers of SUVs. The first approach is to litigate the dangerous features of SUV design as a "design defect" under products liability law. The second, more radical approach is to allege that driving a large SUV like a Hummer is an ultrahazardous activity. Although courts have not applied the doctrine of ultrahazardous strict liability to automobiles, this Note suggests that the nature of the risks created by SUVs justifies strict liability under both the Restatement of Torts and other, more traditional applications of ultrahazardous strict liability.
KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN NAPHTHALENE AND PICRIC ACID IN THE SOLID STATE (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN NAPHTHALENE AND PICRIC ACID IN THE SOLID STATER. P. Rastogi, Parmjit S. Bassi, and S. L. ChadhaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 12, 2707–2708Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100818a503https://doi.org/10.1021/j100818a503research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dissolution, leaching, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> enrichment at the surface of bioactive glasses studied by solution analysis (1993)

Five glass compositions in or near the bioactive region in the system SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-Al2O3-B2O3 were studied in vitro by immersion in Tris buffer. The Si concentration can be taken as a measure of the amount of dissolved glass, whereas the Na concentration can be used to estimate the thickness of the Si-rich (Si gel) layer. Upon immersing a bioactive glass into Tris buffer, a surface layer of a few micrometer thickness is dissolved during the first 8 h. During the first few hours of immersion, the rate of dissolution of the glass network is equal to or exceeds that of the growth of the Si-rich layer. If the glass contains Al2O3, most of the aluminum that would be released due to dissolution of the silica network is enriched in the Si-rich surface layer that forms due to leaching. Al2O3 is not only bonded by the Si gel but also interferes with formation of calcium phosphate.
Strain variation and nuclear association of Newcastle disease virus matrix protein (1988)

Five monoclonal antibodies to the matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) Australia-Victoria (AV) strain were generated and characterized. In competitive antibody-binding assays, the antibodies fell into three discrete groups. The antigenic sites described by these antibody groups were designated M1, M2, and M3. Each antibody reacted with a panel of NDV strains in a manner unique to its group, confirming the grouping by competitive antibody binding. Only site M1 was found on all 12 of the strains tested and may be a "pan-NDV" epitope. A large portion of the M protein of strain AV was detected in the nuclei of infected cells by all five monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the antibodies only stained the nuclei of cells infected with NDV strains expressing M protein containing the corresponding antigenic site. These results confirm that the immunoreactivity in the nucleus is actually caused by the M protein and not by a cross-reacting host protein induced by viral infection.