gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration in Bovine Milk (1991)

To establish the naturally occurring range of insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in bovine milk, samples from individual cows (n = 409) managed on five Missouri dairy herds were assayed. Parity, stage of lactation, and farm affected milk insulin-like growth factor-I concentration. Milk insulin-like growth factor-I concentration was higher in early lactation than mid and late lactation with concentrations in multiparous cows exceeding those in primiparous cows. Insulin-like growth factor-I concentration was negatively correlated to milk production the day of sample collection (r = -.15) and not correlated to predicted 305-d milk yields. Unprocessed bulk tank milk samples (n = 100) from a commercial processing plant had a mean concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I in milk of 4.32 ng/ml with a range of 1.27 to 8.10 ng/ml. This distribution was similar to the range detected in samples from individual cows, but values were lower than those reported for human milk. Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I in milk was not altered by pasteurization (at 79 degrees C for 45 s). However, insulin-like growth factor-I was undetectable in milk heated to temperatures (121 degrees C for 5 min) required for infant formula preparation or in commercially available infant formula. These data indicated that insulin-like growth factor-I is a normal but quantitatively variable component of bovine milk that is not destroyed by pasteurization but is undetectable in infant formula. Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I in bovine milk is lower than concentrations reported for human milk yet similar to those reported for human saliva.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formation and Fate of a Sulfenic Acid Intermediate in the Metabolic Activation of the Antithrombotic Prodrug Prasugrel (2010)

Metabolic activation of the tetrahydro-thienopyridine antithrombotic prodrug, prasugrel, involves two steps: an esterase-dependent hydrolysis of its acetate function leading to thiolactone 6 and a cytochrome P450 (P450)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of this thiolactone. This article shows that this second step involves the intermediate formation of a sulfenic acid 9 that has been trapped by dimedone during the metabolism of prasugrel by rat and human liver microsomes. The dimedone adduct has been characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. This article also describes the fate of the sulfenic acid intermediate in liver microsomes in the presence of various nucleophiles. Its reaction with a water-soluble phosphine cleanly leads to the corresponding thiol 7, which has been reported as the pharmacologically active metabolite of prasugrel. Its reaction with glutathione (GSH) leads to mixed disulfide 11, which may further react with GSH in excess to provide thiol 7. Experiments using microsomal incubations in the presence of (18)O(2) and (18)OH(2) have provided the first data on the mechanism of the P450-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of thiolactones such as 6. They indicate that sulfenic acid 9 is derived from a nucleophilic attack of H(2)O either directly on the electrophilic keto group of intermediate keto-sulfoxide 12, which is formed by P450-dependent S-oxidation of 6, or on the keto group of a cyclic sulfenic ester 13, which could derive from the rearrangement of 12. These data provide a first detailed mechanism for the metabolic activation of prasugrel to its pharmacologically active metabolites such as thiol 7.
DFP: Depression bei Männern: Eine Einführung (2017)

Frauen erkranken etwa 23× häufiger an einer Major Depression als Männer. Haben Männer folglich ein geringeres Depressionsrisiko als Frauen oder sind Depressionen bei Männern unterdiagnostiziert? Das ist die zentrale Frage dieses einführenden Beitrags, der  ausgehend von den pathogenen Aspekten traditioneller Maskulinität  Pfade der Depressionsentwicklung über männliche Stressvulnerabilität und -verarbeitung bis zum Suizid aufzeigt. Diese Pfade sind charakterisiert durch eine mangelnde Hilfesuche von Männern, durch externalisierende Stressverarbeitungsmuster, die typisch sind für Männer, und durch einen Gender- Bias in der Depressionsdiagnostik, der zu einer systematischen Unterdiagnostizierung der Depression von Männern führt, aber auch Fehldiagnosen wie Alkoholabhängigkeit oder antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung begünstigt. Besonderheiten der Depression bei Männern betreffen sowohl die Risikofaktoren, die insbesondere auf Bedrohungen des sozialen Status oder auf Statusverlust zurückgeführt werden können, als auch die Symptomatik, die sich deutlich von der prototypischen Depressionssymptomatik der Frauen unterscheiden kann (männliche Depression). Neben der Darstellung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes werden Fragen der Spezifität männlicher Depression und der geschlechterspezifischen Depressionstherapie angesprochen sowie Implikationen für die psychiatrische Praxis abgeleitet. Die bisherige Befundlage zur Depression bestätigt, wie wichtig eine geschlechtersensible Perspektive in Forschung und Praxis ist, insbesondere bei Erkrankungen, die als geschlechtstypisch gelten.
Coupling aminohexyl-FAD to proteins with dimethyladipimidate. (1985)

We used an efficient method having general applicability to couple N6-aminohexyl-flavin adenine dinucleotide (AHFAD) to several proteins for use in an apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system (ARIS). AHFAD is first activated with 40-fold molar excess of dimethyladipimidate, excess imidate is removed rapidly by gel filtration, the activated product is incubated with the protein, and the conjugate formed is purified. This labeling technique permits incorporation of a controlled amount of amino-label into a protein, and eliminates the possibility of self-crosslinking, which would reduce the immunoreactivity of the conjugate. Here we demonstrate the utility of such a conjugate in a totally automated ARIS assay for thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG). After a competitive protein-binding reaction, apoglucose oxidase is added to combine with free TBG-AHFAD conjugate and produce active glucose oxidase, which is measured colorimetrically in a peroxidase-linked reaction. The assay covers the clinically significant range for TBG from 0 to 60 mg/L and has a throughput of 60 reactions in 75 min. Comparison with an RIA method (x) by regression analysis yielded the equation y = 0.890x + 1.217 (r = 0.975, n = 47, Syx = 1.906 mg/L).
GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates (2016)

Since it was discovered, the citric acid cycle has been known to be central to cell metabolism and energy homeostasis. Mainly found in the mitochondrial matrix, some of the intermediates of the Krebs cycle are also present in the blood stream. Currently, there are several reports that indicate functional roles for Krebs intermediates out of its cycle. Succinate, for instance, acts as an extracellular ligand by binding to a G-protein coupled receptor, known as GPR91, expressed in kidney, liver, heart, retinal cells and possibly many other tissues, leading to a wide array of physiological and pathological effects. Through GPR91, succinate is involved in functions such as regulation of blood pressure, inhibition of lipolysis in white adipose tissue, development of retinal vascularization, cardiac hypertrophy and activation of stellate hepatic cells by ischemic hepatocytes. Along the current review, these new effects of succinate through GPR91 will be explored and discussed.
A facile synthesis of substituted perhydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4‐ones and 2‐thioxoperhydro‐4‐pyrimidinones (1988)

Abstract Depending on the reaction conditions either 2,6‐disubstituted 2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐4 H ‐1,3‐thiazin‐4‐ones 4 or 1,6‐disubstituted 2‐thiouracils 5 are readily prepared by base‐catalyzed cyclization of N ‐propenoylthioureas 3 . Compounds 5 could also be obtained by Dimroth‐type rearrangement of 1,3‐thiazin‐4‐ones 4 under the same reaction conditions.
The Story of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: 40 years of Experience in Research. (2015)

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in females. Due to its major impact on population, this disease represents a critical public health problem that requires further research at the molecular level in order to define its prognosis and specific treatment. Basic research is required to accomplish this task and this involves cell lines as they can be widely used in many aspects of laboratory research and, particularly, as in vitro models in cancer research. MCF-7 is a commonly used breast cancer cell line, that has been promoted for more than 40 years by multiple research groups but its characteristics have never been gathered in a consistent review article. The current paper provides a broad description of the MCF-7 cell line, including the molecular profile, proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, its involvement in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and its interaction with the mesenchymal stem cells.
Where Have All the Tellers Gone (1997)

An examination of why, in the face of record earnings and ever-increasing demand for their products and services, banks are trimming their payrolls. The article also examines the fate of the job losers, as well as the banking industry's tremendous ability to weather major technological and structural changes.
Cooperative Private Next-Generation Access Deployment -- A Relational View (2013)

World-wide deregulation activities on incumbent infrastructures educed competitive broadband markets in many countries around the world. However, as the customer's data demand exceeds the technological capabilities of legacy infrastructures, large public or private investments in fiber-optic networks are required. In this paper we employ the relational view concept in order to assess how cooperation between private market players can contribute to reaching national broadband deployment goals. We base our findings on a combined grounded theory and case study approach with twenty-three managing experts from major telecommunication companies of the German broadband market. Our results indicate that the relational view concept can contribute to a better understanding of cooperative private Next-Generation Access deployment. Based on the result of our analysis we have been able to derive exemplary fields of action for regulators and carrier management for improving preconditions of cooperative broadband deployment.
Absence of Soluble Leptin Receptor in Plasma fromdbPas/dbPas and Otherdb/db Mice (1998)

The leptin receptor (Ob-R) is alternatively spliced into at least five different RNAs designated Ob-R(a-e). Ob-R(a-d) predict receptors with a single transmembrane domain, and Ob-Re predicts a secreted form of the receptor. The presence of an approximately 120-kDa soluble leptin receptor in mouse plasma was confirmed by precipitation with leptin-Sepharose beads followed by immunobloting with anti-leptin receptor antibodies. The soluble leptin receptor is larger than that predicted by the primary sequence. Deglycosylation of the receptor with peptide N:glycosidase F results in a decrease in molecular mass to a size consistent with that of the primary sequence. The secreted receptor was present in plasma from wild type mice but was truncated in plasma from db3J/db3J and absent in dbPas/dbPas plasma. Although db3J/db3J mice are known to have a frameshift mutation at amino acid 625, the basis for the mutation in dbPas/dbPas mice was not known. Further studies indicated that dbPas/dbPas mice carry a duplication of exons 4 and 5 of Ob-R. This mutation introduces a premature stop codon into the protein at amino acid 281. The absence of Ob-R in db3J/db3J and dbPas/dbPas mice confirm the identify of the 120-kDa plasma protein as Ob-Re.
Limited Phenotypic Effects of Selectively Augmenting the SMN Protein in the Neurons of a Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2012)

The selective vulnerability of motor neurons to paucity of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein is a defining feature of human spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and indicative of a unique requirement for adequate levels of the protein in these cells. However, the relative contribution of SMN-depleted motor neurons to the disease process is uncertain and it is possible that their characteristic loss and the overall SMA phenotype is a consequence of low protein in multiple cell types including neighboring spinal neurons and non-neuronal tissue. To explore the tissue-specific requirements for SMN and, especially, the salutary effects of restoring normal levels of the protein to neuronal tissue of affected individuals, we have selectively expressed the protein in neurons of mice that model severe SMA. Expressing SMN pan-neuronally in mutant mice mitigated specific aspects of the disease phenotype. Motor performance of the mice improved and the loss of spinal motor neurons that characterizes the disease was arrested. Proprioceptive synapses on the motor neurons were restored and defects of the neuromuscular junctions mitigated. The improvements at the cellular level were reflected in a four-fold increase in survival. Nevertheless, mutants expressing neuronal SMN did not live beyond three weeks of birth, a relatively poor outcome compared to the effects of ubiquitously restoring SMN. This suggests that although neurons and, in particular, spinal motor neurons constitute critical cellular sites of action of the SMN protein, a truly effective treatment of severe SMA will require restoring the protein to multiple cell types including non-neuronal tissue.
Calculation of Leakage and Particle Loss in Filter Cassettes (2002)

Experimental evidence of aerosol bypass leakage around the filter in plastic filter cassettes prompted an investigation using computational fluid dynamics to explain particle penetration through the leak. Axi-symmetric models of a cassette with several leak dimensions were constructed. The models predicted that submicrometer particles penetrated the leak, but that larger particles impacted on the filter surface. Experimental data from another study clearly indicated that larger solid particles were being lost from the surface of the filter during sampling. When particle bounce was invoked as an explanation for this loss of sampled solid particles, the theoretical loss from the filter in cassettes with large leaks exhibited characteristics similar to the experimental data. For small leaks, the mass loss behavior appeared to be more complex.
STIS Design Reference Mission and Ground System Volume Requirements (1995)

In this ISR we describe a scenario for the expected useage of STIS. From that scenario and from our current expectations for the STIS pipeline calibration software we derive estimates of the expect rate of STIS exposures (100/day), datasets (50/day) downlink volume (2.3 Gbits/day), archive volume (3.3 Gbytes/day), CPU requirements (500 calwfpc2s/ day) and calibration reference file OPUS on-line storage volume (3 Gbytes).
Familial ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum: a report of 2 kindred. (2002)

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, chronic ulcerative skin disease. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, after ruling out other causes of cutaneous ulceration. The etiology of pyoderma gangrenosum is poorly understood but is likely multifactorial. We describe 2 families affected by ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum. This familial clustering suggests a possible genetic role in the development of pyoderma gangrenosum in some cases.
Investigation of broadband characteristics of PVDF ultrasonic transducers by finite element modeling and experiments (2003)

FEM is a powerful tool when used interactively with experiments to deduce the PVDF behavior under various boundary conditions. PVDF is a soft, high damping, and high dielectric loss material whose tensor properties are difficult to measure via standard testing methods. The first part of this paper describes how FEM is used to determine and refine some properties of the PVDF piezoelectric polymer which are unknown or imprecisely provided by the manufacturer. The second part addresses the broadband performance of a PVDF transducer constructed with different layers of PVDF, and different backing configurations in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 850 kHz. Because PVDF can be tailored to special contoured shapes, directivity patterns with low sidelobe level can be achieved which are difficult to obtain with a single ceramic. For example, beam patterns with -30 dB side-lobes have been achieved by canoe shaped transducers via 'area shading'. Experimental and predicted curves of transmit sensitivity, receive sensitivity, bandwidth and directivity pattern for PVDF transducers with different backings are shown.
Language-based multimedia information retrieval (2000)

This paper describes various methods and approaches for language-based multimedia information retrieval, which have been developed in the projects POP-EYE and OLIVE and which will be developed further in the MUMIS project. All of these project aim at supporting automated indexing of video material by use of human language technologies. Thus, in contrast to image or sound-based retrieval methods, where both the query language and the indexing methods build on non-linguistic data, these methods attempt to exploit advanced text retrieval technologies for the retrieval of non-textual material. While POP-EYE was building on subtitles or captions as the prime language key for disclosing video fragments, OLIVE is making use of speech recognition to automatically derive transcriptions of the sound tracks, generating time-coded linguistic elements which then serve as the basis for text-based retrieval functionality. 1 Introduction D h...puvo/oor+ &apos;s hyy xvq+# qr#hvyrq q&apos;pr#h#v&apos; hq f...&apos;svyvt &apos;...
cw infrared laser annealing of ion-implanted silicon (1979)

Solid phase epitaxial regrowth of ion-implanted Si was obtained with cw infrared radiation of CO2 (10.6 μm) and Nd : YAG lasers. Arsenic-implanted samples were analyzed by optical and electron transmission microscopy and by Rutherford backscattering with channeling. Dislocation-free monocrystalline structures were obtained on substrates which were preheated to 200–400 °C and then scanned with a laser beam of ∼25 W. There was no redistribution of the implanted As and the sample surface was free of any features which might indicate melting. A channeling angular scan showed that the As atoms were located exactly on the lattice sites. However, the relatively high values of sheet resistance suggest the presence of residual point defects.
Networked virtual reality applications (1993)

Virtual reality in the early 1990s has many themes, but one which is becoming particularly significant is the networking of multi-user applications; real tasks can be accomplished by geographically dispersed participants linked via telecommunications networks. Whether these tasks represent work or leisure is not the issue; both are valid uses of networked virtual reality and both may have a significant impact on society. The aim of the author is to consider these applications, with particular reference to their impact on current and planned telecommunications networks. Some experimental work at Hirst Research Centre (HRC) on the time series characteristics of VR applications is also presented. >
Vinyl Chloride Polymers (2002)

Abstract This article covers the uniqueness and versatility of this high tounage thermoplastic. The unique morphology of PVC is covered in detail and related to both its polymerization and production processes and also to its subsequent processing at the customer end. Each of the main polymerization processes of suspension, mass, and emulsion are described in detail with particular emphasis on how the morphology of each different product is created. Other aspects such as environmental protection, quality and testing, processing, and economic aspects complete the story of this fascinating polymer.
Thermal Performance Enhancement for CSP Packages (2007)

Attaching heat spreader into the IC package is a known and common solution for devices with specific thermal requirement. This is usually seen on medium to big size packages such as PBGA where space is not a constraint. However, for chip-scale package (CSP) where the chip is occupying most of the area of the package, placing a heat spreader is evidently the biggest challenge. There are few packaging solutions explored to boost package thermal capability without compromising the package size but the accompanied challenges and barriers seem inevitable; difficulty in manufacturing, quality issues, reliability failures and high assembly cost. For a chip scale FBGA package that is built in a matrix or panel type mold layout, attaching heat spreader to the package transpires as the top most challenge. Placement accuracy for the individual unit and preventing mold bleed on heat-spreader surface during molding are equally challenging. There are few established ways to address those assembly issues but mostly require additional non-standard process steps, jigs, fixtures and new machines, which is obviously not favorable for manufacturing. Unit cost can be high as well. UTAC developed a simple yet effective method that can embed a heat-spreader into a CSP FBGA package without compromising the package size, no additional assembly process steps, low quality and reliability risk and best of all, low cost. The unique package structure and the way it is built were developed in consideration of all the known challenges and barriers. The new FBGA package with embedded heat-spreader, labeled XP-FBGA (eXtra Performance FBGA), can improve junction-to-ambient temperature (Theta ja) by 30% at 3mm/sec air speed for a 2W device in a 15x15 body size. Further in this paper discusses the unique solutions to overcome challenges in embedding heat-spreader for CSP package and the thermal simulation studies demonstrating the performance of different package structures. The effect of each IC package component in thermal capacity of the package was also studied and will be discussed further in this paper.
One-step Electrophoretic Deposition of Ni-Decorated Activated-Carbon Film as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitors (2010)

Ni-decorated activated-carbon film is deposited directly onto the stainless steel substrate by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in the activated-carbon suspension containing nickel nitrate additive. The adsorption of nickel ions on the external surface and interior pores of activated carbons considerably increases the measured zeta potential and consequently favors the dispersion and EPD of activated carbons. More importantly, when an activated carbon arrives at the substrate in the EPD process, nickel ions adsorbed on the activated carbon are reduced electrochemically to a form metallic nickel layer. The deposited nickel layer plays an important role in improving the adhesion, wettability, and electrochemical reaction of the Ni-decorated activated-carbon film. Therefore, the Ni-decorated activated-carbon film exhibits an excellent capacitive behavior compared with the bare activated-carbon film.