gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Permeability of Potassium Ions Across the Dura and Arachnoid Mater of the Rat Spinal Cord (1990)

A combined impounder-surface K+ electrode was developed to measure change in K+ ion concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across the dura and arachnoid maters. To determine whether K+ permeability of the rat dura and arachnoid maters is due to an intrinsic permeability, a study was conducted using an atraumatic laminectomy model. Dorsal laminectomy was performed at T7-8, T12, and L1. Artificial CSF containing 4.2 mM, 24.2 mM, or 54.2 mM of K+ was administered by anterograde subdural infusion into the subarachnoid space from the proximal laminectomy site (T7-8), with effluent overflow at the distal laminectomy site (L1). K+ concentration on the dorsal aspect of the central laminectomy site (T12) was measured. It was found that changes in K+ concentrations of the infused solution were detected by the epidural surface electrode. This suggests that the intact rat spinal cord dura and arachnoid maters may be permeable to K+ in this laminectomy model. This study supports the use of the combined impounder-K+ electrode for measuring changes in K+ ion concentration of the CSF that can result from spinal cord trauma and ischemia.
Highly presumptive identification of bacterial isolates associated with the recent Canada-wide mastitis epizootic as <i>Nocardia farcinica</i> (1993)

A highly presumptive identification of Nocardia farcinica was made of 47 bacterial isolates. Fifteen isolates from Alberta, 9 from Ontario, and 2 each from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia were from clinical cases involved in the Canadian mastitis epizootic. Seventeen additional isolates from Alberta were recovered from farm milk bulk tanks from herds found to have cows involved in the epizootic. All isolates were shown by high-performance liquid chromatography to possess mycolic acids of a size consistent with the genus Nocardia. All isolates were resistant to a concentration of 5 micrograms/mL of mitomycin C. Forty-five isolates grew well and 2 showed reduced growth in the presence of 50 micrograms/mL of kanamycin acid sulfate. Forty-six isolates were resistant to 5-fluorouracil at a concentration of 20 micrograms/mL. All isolates were resistant to lysozyme. Resistance to these compounds supported the placement of the isolates in the genus Nocardia. Thirty-five isolates produced strong beta-galactosidase reactions and 12 showed weak reactions. The demonstration of beta-galactosidase activity further supports the identification of the isolates as nocardiae. Attempts to identify the bacteria to species by high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acid esters were frustrated, since two species of Nocardia were found to have indistinguishable mycolic acid patterns. The physiological and growth characteristics of the isolates were consistent with Nocardia farcinica.
Research on combustion control and heat efficiency's online computing of slime fluidized bed boiler (2012)

With the requirements for promoting the energy saving and environmental protection, it is the main trend for fluidized bed boiler to realize combustion control and online computing of heat efficiency. In order to achieve combustion automatic control of fluidized bed boilers, and improve self-control rates and on-line monitoring of boilers' heat efficiency. In this study, the combustion control scheme was firstly designed for a 75 tons fluidized bed boiler. the automatic control for feed water, superheated steam temperature, superheated steam pressure and oxygen were realized in the DCS system. Then the overall automatic control of combustion was achieved with advanced control technology. Next, based on the presented work, on line calculation of heat efficency was realized, witch which various parts of heat losses and total heat efficiency can be real-time monitored to guide the optimal operation of the boiler. It is very important for energy saving and power management requirements.
Scalable mining for classification rules in relational databases (2004)

<!-- *** Custom HTML *** --> Data mining is a process of discovering useful patterns (knowledge) hidden in extremely large datasets. Classification is a fundamental data mining function, and some other functions can be reduced to it. In this paper we propose a novel classification algorithm (classifier) called MIND (MINing in Databases). MIND can be phrased in such a way that its implementation is very easy using the extended relational calculus SQL, and this in turn allows the classifier to be built into a relational database system directly. MIND is truly scalable with respect to I/O efficiency, which is important since scalability is a key requirement for any data mining algorithm. We have built a prototype of MIND in the relational database management system DB2 and have benchmarked its performance. We describe the working prototype and report the measured performance with respect to the previous method of choice. MIND scales not only with the size of datasets but also with the number of processors on an IBM SP2 computer system. Even on uniprocessors, MIND scales well beyond dataset sizes previously published for classifiers.We also give some insights that may have an impact on the evolution of the extended relational calculus SQL.
10 Volt Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Circuits Using NbSi-Barrier Junctions (2010)

Programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) circuits were developed that operate at 16 GHz to 20 GHz with operating margins larger than 1 mA. Two circuit designs were demonstrated, each having a total of ~ 300,000 junctions, which were divided into either 16 or 32 sub-arrays. Triple-stacked junctions were used in order to fit the ~300,000 junctions on each circuit. The amorphous Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> -barrier junction technology provided a high degree of uniformity of the barrier and junction electrical properties, which was necessary to achieve the 1 mA operating margin. Although the margins on both the 16-array and 32-array circuits were much greater than 1 mA, the circuit yield for the 16-array design was lower because the longer arrays are more sensitive to defects. The use of lumped-element microwave splitters and tapered arrays significantly reduced the microwave input power and increased the operating margins of these designs. In addition, the broadband microwave response of the designs allowed the PJVS output voltage to be continuously adjusted by using the microwave frequency while remaining on margins.
Fiber-Optic Interferometric Torsion Sensor Based on a Two-LP-Mode Operation in Birefringent Fiber (2009)

A fiber-optic sensor for torsion measurement, based on a two-linearly polarized (LP)-mode operation in ultrahigh birefringent photonic crystal fiber is described. The structure of the photonic crystal fiber presents two large asymmetric holes adjacent to the core fiber. When linearly polarized light is injected in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> - and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -directions, respectively, two separate interferometers can be obtained. In one of these cases, as torsion is applied to the sensing head a beat between the two interferometers is formed due to the simultaneous excitation of the two polarization states. The detection technique to read the torsion sensor is based on the analysis of the fast Fourier transform, which proved to be an effective and simple solution. The sensor exhibited reduced sensitivity to temperature.
Horseradish peroxidase: the analyst's friend. (1994)

HRP is a calcium-containing, extensively glycosylated, stable haemoprotein possessing four disulphide bridges and weighing 44 kDa. It is an oxidoreductase which can use a wide variety of hydrogen donors to reduce hydrogen peroxide. This gives rise to a range of colorimetric, fluorimetric, chemiluminescent and electrochemical assays for HRP activity. HRP is very widely used as an indicator in immunoassays, non-isotopic DNA probes, cytochemistry, bi-enzyme systems and biosensors. This is owing to its stability, high catalytic rates, ease of conjugation to other molecules and wide choice of assays of activity.
Comparing the Shot Length Distributions of Motion Pictures using Dominance Statistics (2014)

Comparing the shot length distributions of motion pictures we are interested in answering three main questions: do two (or more) films have similar shot length distributions? If there is a difference between shot length distributions, how large is that difference? Where do the shot length distributions of two films overlap and where are they most different? This article demonstrates the use of dominance statistics—Cliff's d, the Hodges-Lehmann median difference, and the empirical cumulative distribution function—for comparing the shot length distributions of motion pictures that make better use of the available shot length data and provide an unambiguous description of the difference in style between films that corresponds more closely to questions we wish to ask of film style than using average shot lengths compared to the most commonly used method of testing μ X = μ Y , where μ is some measure of central tendency. R functions for calculating these statistics are easily available and details of relevant packages are included.
EGBMMDA: Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine for MiRNA-Disease Association prediction (2018)

Associations between microRNAs (miRNAs) and human diseases have been identified by increasing studies and discovering new ones is an ongoing process in medical laboratories. To improve experiment productivity, researchers computationally infer potential associations from biological data, selecting the most promising candidates for experimental verification. Predicting potential miRNA-disease association has become a research area of growing importance. This paper presents a model of Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine for MiRNA-Disease Association (EGBMMDA) prediction by integrating the miRNA functional similarity, the disease semantic similarity, and known miRNA-disease associations. The statistical measures, graph theoretical measures, and matrix factorization results for each miRNA-disease pair were calculated and used to form an informative feature vector. The vector for known associated pairs obtained from the HMDD v2.0 database was used to train a regression tree under the gradient boosting framework. EGBMMDA was the first decision tree learning-based model used for predicting miRNA-disease associations. Respectively, AUCs of 0.9123 and 0.8221 in global and local leave-one-out cross-validation proved the model's reliable performance. Moreover, the 0.9048 ± 0.0012 AUC in fivefold cross-validation confirmed its stability. We carried out three different types of case studies of predicting potential miRNAs related to Colon Neoplasms, Lymphoma, Prostate Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, and Esophageal Neoplasms. The results indicated that, respectively, 98%, 90%, 98%, 100%, and 98% of the top 50 predictions for the five diseases were confirmed by experiments. Therefore, EGBMMDA appears to be a useful computational resource for miRNA-disease association prediction.
Automatic Identification and Presentation of Twitter Content for Planned Events (2021)

We demonstrate a system for augmenting information about planned events with Twitter messages, using a set of automatic query building strategies. We present two alternative interfaces to our system, namely, a browser plug-in and a customizable Web interface.
Role of Frozen Spins in the Exchange Anisotropy of Core−Shell Fe@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles (2011)

Core-shell Fe@Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles exhibit substantial exchange bias at low temperatures, mediated by unidirectionally aligned moments at the core-shell interface. These spins are frozen into magnetic alignment with field cooling, and are depinned in a temperature-dependent manner. The population of such frozen spins has a direct impact on both coercivity (H(C)) and the exchange-bias field (H(E)), which are modulated by external physical parameters such as the strength of the applied cooling field and the cycling history of magnetic field sweeps (training effect). Aging of the core-shell nanoparticles under ambient conditions results in a gradual decrease in magnetization but overall retention of H(C) and H(E), as well as a large increase in the population of frozen spins. These changes are accompanied by a structural evolution from well-defined core-shell structures to particles containing multiple voids, attributable to the Kirkendall effect. Energy-filtered and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy both indicate further oxidation of the shell layer, but the Fe core is remarkably well preserved. The increase in frozen spin population with age is responsible for the overall retention of exchange bias, despite void formation and other oxidation-dependent changes. The exchange-bias field becomes negligible upon deliberate oxidation of Fe@Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles into yolk-shell particles, with a nearly complete physical separation of core and shell.
A low-crosstalk optical module design on PLC platform for realizing LD/PD full-duplex operation in ATM systems (2002)

This paper proposes a high-isolation optical module layout design technique and shows its validity. And we apply it to optical module design on PLC platform and clarify the low-crosstalk layout condition for realizing laser diode/photodiode (LD/PD) full-duplex operation.
Configurable Address Computation in a Parallel Memory Architecture (2001)

Abstract:- Implementation of an address computation unit for a configurable parallel memory architecture is presented. The benefit of configurability is that a multitude of access formats and module assignment functions can be used with a single hardware implementation, which has not been possible in prior embedded parallel memory system. In addition to design and implementation, a simulation example is given for an image processing application. Results show significant reduction in the overall memory accesses, which is the key to solve the processor-memory bottleneck. Key-Words: configurable parallel memory, address computation, conflict free access, module assignment function, page table
A better ballot box? (2002)

Election officials are examining technologies to address a wide range of voting issues. The problems observed in the November 2000 US election accelerated existing trends to get rid of lever machines, punch-cards, and hand-counted paper ballots and replace them with mark-sense balloting, Internet, and automatic teller machine (ATM) kiosk style computer-based systems. An estimated US $2-$4 billion will be spent in the United States and Canada to update voting systems during the next decade. Voting online might enable citizens to vote even if they are unable to get to the polls. Yet making these methods work right turns out to be considerably more difficult than originally thought. New electronic voting systems pose risks as well as solutions. As it turns out, many of the voting products currently for sale provide less accountability, poorer reliability, and greater opportunity for widespread fraud than those already in use. This paper discusses the technology available and how to ensure accurate ballots.
Experiments with Mixtures: A Review (1973)

A review of the literature concerning experiments with mixtures is presented. Beginning with the work of Scheffe in 1958, the review covers approximately twenty papers in near chronological order, the last appearing in October 1971. Although priority in the treatment of designs for mixtures is claimed by Quenouille [27], and while others may argue that the work of Claringbold [6] was the impetus for Scheffé's research, the choice of starting with Scheffé is made because most of the authors of the reviewed papers recognized Scheffé as the person most instrumental in pioneering the work which has appeared over the past fourteen years.
Reaction of L-serine O-sulfate with aspartate aminotransferase (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of L-serine O-sulfate with aspartate aminotransferaseR. A. John and P. FasellaCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 11, 4477–4482Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00839a038https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00839a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superresolution ultrasound imaging using back-projected reconstruction (2005)

An ultrasound technique for imaging objects significantly smaller than the source wavelength is investigated. Signals from a focused beam are recorded over an image plane in the acoustic farfield and backprojected in the wave-vector domain to the focal plane. A superresolution image recovery method is then used to analyze the Fourier spatial frequency spectrum of the signal in an attempt to deduce the location and size of objects in this plane. The physical foundation for the method is rooted in the fact that high spatial frequencies introduced by the object in fact affect the lower (nonevanescent) spatial frequencies of the overall signal. The technique achieves this by using a priori measurements of the ultrasound focus in water, which gives full spectral information about the image source. A guess is then made regarding the size and location of the object that distorted the field, and this is convolved with the a priori measurement, thus creating a candidate image. A large number of candidates are generated and the one whose spectrum best matches the uncorrected image is accepted. The method is demonstrated using 0.34- and 0.60-mm wires with a focused 1.05-MHz ultrasound signal and then a human hair (approximately 0.03 mm) with a 4.7-MHz signal.
Mena invasive (MenaINV) promotes multicellular streaming motility and transendothelial migration in a mouse model of breast cancer (2011)

We have shown previously that distinct Mena isoforms are expressed in invasive and migratory tumor cells in vivo and that the invasion isoform (Mena(INV)) potentiates carcinoma cell metastasis in murine models of breast cancer. However, the specific step of metastatic progression affected by this isoform and the effects on metastasis of the Mena11a isoform, expressed in primary tumor cells, are largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that elevated Mena(INV) increases coordinated streaming motility, and enhances transendothelial migration and intravasation of tumor cells. We demonstrate that promotion of these early stages of metastasis by Mena(INV) is dependent on a macrophage-tumor cell paracrine loop. Our studies also show that increased Mena11a expression correlates with decreased expression of colony-stimulating factor 1 and a dramatically decreased ability to participate in paracrine-mediated invasion and intravasation. Our results illustrate the importance of paracrine-mediated cell streaming and intravasation on tumor cell dissemination, and demonstrate that the relative abundance of Mena(INV) and Mena11a helps to regulate these key stages of metastatic progression in breast cancer cells.
A portable three-dimensional digitizer (2002)

A portable three-dimensional digitizer using a monocular camera is presented in this paper. The digitizer automatically acquires the shape of a target object as well as its texture. The digitizer has the following advantages: 1) compact and inexpensive, 2) skill-free 3D image acquisition, and 3) handles a wide range of objects of various materials. The digitizing algorithm is based on the "Shape-from-Silhouette" framework, where several novel techniques are embedded as follows. In the silhouette extraction, not only pixel-level subtraction between images but also region-level subtraction are embedded so as to achieve precise extraction. The texture acquisition is treated as a labeling problem in an energy minimization framework, which enables us to get realistic textures with a simple operation. Our experiments showed that the digitizing speed of the digitizer was practical.
Hybrid Semiconductor Detectors for High Spatial Resolution Phase-contrast X-ray Imaging (2019)

When conventional x-ray radiography presents inadequate absorption-contrast, higher sensitivity can be achieved using phase-contrast methods. The implementation of phase-contrast x-ray imaging using propagation-based techniques requires stringent spatial resolution requirements that necessitate lengthy propagation distances and thin (and hence low detection efficiency) scintillator-based detectors. Thus, imaging throughput is limited, and the absorbed dose in the sample can be unacceptable for radiation sensitive life science and biomedical applications. \n\nThis work develops hybrid amorphous selenium and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor detectors with a unique combination of high spatial resolution and detection efficiency for hard x-rays. A semiconductor fabrication process was developed for large-area compatible vertical detector integration by back-end processing. Characterization of signal and noise performance using Fourier-based methods was performed by modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency experiments using radiography and microfocus x-ray sources. \n\nThe measured spatial resolution at each stage of detector development was one of the highest, if not the highest reported for hard x-rays. In fact, charge carrier spreading from x-ray interactions with amorphous selenium was shown physically larger than the pixel pitch for the first time. A simultaneous factor of four improvement in detection efficiency compared to thin gadolinium oxysulfide-based scintillator detectors was also achieved, despite the detector being a relatively unoptimized prototype. \n\nFast propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging in compact geometries is demonstrated using a conventional microfocus source. This simple implementation of the phase-contrast technique was applied to imaging the mouse stifle joint. Using propagation-based edge-enhancement the articular cartilage was delineated, opening the possibility of studying diseases such as osteoarthritis using a compact, relatively simple laboratory setup.\n\nThis research suggests that hybrid semiconductor technology offers the potential to fill the large performance deficit in high spatial resolution scintillator-based detectors for propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging.