gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ligand and base-free Pd-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction of arylboronic acids and olefins (2012)

Highly effective Pd-catalyzed Heck-type oxidative couplings between arylboronic acids and terminal olefins were reported. It is noteworthy that such reactions could be carried out in the absence of the base and the ligand.
Haptic interaction with deformable objects using real-time dynamic simulation (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1995.
Hydrous Oxide Film Growth on Amorphous Ni‐Co Alloys (1991)

The electrochemical behavior of a (weight percent) amorphous alloy ribbon has been investigated in alkaline solutions. When the metal is initially subjected to anodic potentials, an enriched Cr (and possibly B) surface layer is dissolved. Following this, a hydrous oxide film can be readily formed on the electrode surface by a continuous potential cycling method, to a thickness of up to ca. one micron. The film, which has an electrochemical signature which is very similar to the Ni(II)/Ni(III) transition, is electrochromic in nature and displays interference colors when still thin. The maximum growth rate of the film per cycle of potential has been found to be 0.15 to 0.20 mC/cm2, achieved by optimization of the magnitude and time spent at the upper and lower potential limits.
Automated Mapping of Woody Debris over Harvested Forest Plantations Using UAVs, High-Resolution Imagery, and Machine Learning (2019)

Surveying of woody debris left over from harvesting operations on managed forests is an important step in monitoring site quality, managing the extraction of residues and reconciling differences in pre-harvest inventories and actual timber yields. Traditional methods for post-harvest survey involving manual assessment of debris on the ground over small sample plots are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and do not scale well to heterogeneous landscapes. In this paper, we propose and evaluate new automated methods for the collection and interpretation of high-resolution, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-borne imagery over post-harvested forests for estimating quantities of fine and coarse woody debris. Using high-resolution, geo-registered color mosaics generated from UAV-borne images, we develop manual and automated processing methods for detecting, segmenting and counting both fine and coarse woody debris, including tree stumps, exploiting state-of-the-art machine learning and image processing techniques. Results are presented using imagery over a post-harvested compartment in a Pinus radiata plantation and demonstrate the capacity for both manual image annotations and automated image processing to accurately detect and quantify coarse woody debris and stumps left over after harvest, providing a cost-effective and scalable survey method for forest managers.
Dependence of bulk viscosity of polypropylene on strain, strain rate, and melt temperature (2016)

The relations between bulk viscosity, strain, strain rate, and melt temperature of polypropylene are investigated in uniaxial compression similar to the measurement of PVT diagram of a polymer. A new and more practical bulk viscosity model for the simulation of injection molding is proposed. The bulk viscosity increased with the increase of compression deformation and decreased when the compression speed and the melt temperature are higher. This dependency is attributed to the orientation and occupancy of the molecule within the free interstitial space. In addition, the magnitude of the bulk viscosity was found to be significantly greater than the shear viscosity at high compression deformation and low strain rate. Thus, not only shear viscosity but also the bulk viscosity should be considered in the simulation of the packing‐holding stage of the plastic injection molding process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:830–837, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Test Lab for the Performance Analysis of TCP Over Ethernet LAN on Windows Operating System (2005)

A test laboratory for the performance analysis of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the teaching of its basic concepts is proposed. The laboratory environment is a small Ethernet local area network (LAN) with PCs running different versions of the Windows operating system (95/98/NT/2000). To support the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) for Windows and to improve flexibility, the Netperf TCP software tool has been modified. Based on the modified Netperf and a protocol analyzer, students perform traffic measurements on a real network. Various aspects of the Microsoft TCP implementation for Windows are discovered and clearly explained. The IPv6 for Windows 2000 is also examined, and comparisons with IPv4 are made.
Wireless Network Privacy (2014)

With the increasing interest in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, more sensitive data than ever is being transmitted over wireless links. In this thesis, the impact of this trend on the privacy of wireless network users is investigated. More specifically, existing attacks on wireless networks that are still practically viable today are demonstrated, and new attacks on protocols that are considered secure are explored. These matters are handled respectively in a case study and a feasibility study. For the case study, numerous experiments were conducted to test the practicability of existing attacks, and to estimate the security of different protocols. The feasibility study resulted in a new attack on Apple devices that can be performed in context of WPA-Enterprise authentication. Finally, in both studies, mitigation techniques are discussed that users can implement in order to protect their privacy.
Health monitoring of civil infrastructures using wireless sensor networks (2007)

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is designed, implemented, deployed and tested on the 4200ft long main span and the south tower of the Golden Gate Bridge (GGB). Ambient structural vibrations are reliably measured at a low cost and without interfering with the operation of the bridge. Requirements that SHM imposes on WSN are identified and new solutions to meet these requirements are proposed and implemented. In the GGB deployment, 64 nodes are distributed over the main span and the tower, collecting ambient vibrations synchronously at 1kHz rate, with less than 10μs jitter, and with an accuracy of 30μG. The sampled data is collected reliably over a 46-hop network, with a bandwidth of 441B/s at the 46th hop. The collected data agrees with theoretical models and previous studies of the bridge. The deployment is the largest WSN for SHM.
Architectural-level synthesis of digital microfluidics-based biochips (2005)

Microfluidics-based biochips offer a promising platform for massively parallel DNA analysis, automated drug discovery, and real-time biomolecular recognition. Current techniques for full-custom design of droplet-based "digital" biochips do not scale well for concurrent assays and for next-generation system-on-chip (SOC) designs that are expected to include fluidic components. We propose a system design methodology that attempts to apply classical architectural-level synthesis techniques to the design of digital microfluidics-based biochips. We first develop an optimal scheduling strategy based on integer linear programming. Since the scheduling problem is NP-complete, we also develop two heuristic techniques that scale well for large problem instances. A clinical diagnostic procedure, namely multiplexed in-vitro diagnostics on human physiological fluids, is used to evaluate the proposed method.
Quantitative Assessment of Variational Surface Reconstruction from Sparse Point Clouds in Freehand 3D Ultrasound Imaging during Image-Guided Tumor Ablation (2016)

Surface reconstruction for freehand 3D ultrasound is used to provide 3D visualization of a VOI (volume of interest) during image-guided tumor ablation surgery. This is a challenge because the recorded 2D B-scans are not only sparse but also non-parallel. To solve this issue, we established a framework to reconstruct the surface of freehand 3D ultrasound imaging in 2011. The key technique for surface reconstruction in that framework is based on variational interpolation presented by Greg Turk for shape transformation and is named Variational Surface Reconstruction (VSR). The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the quality of surface reconstructions, especially when the input data are extremely sparse point clouds from freehand 3D ultrasound imaging, using four methods: Ball Pivoting, Power Crust, Poisson, and VSR. Four experiments are conducted, and quantitative metrics, such as the Hausdorff distance, are introduced for quantitative assessment. The experiment results show that the performance of the proposed VSR method is the best of the four methods at reconstructing surface from sparse data. The VSR method can produce a close approximation to the original surface from as few as two contours, whereas the other three methods fail to do so. The experiment results also illustrate that the reproducibility of the VSR method is the best of the four methods.
Surface structures and adhesion enhancement of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films after modification by graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (1997)

Surface modifications of Ar plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film were carried out via near-UV light-induced graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The structure and chemical composition of the copolymer surface and interface were studied by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For PTFE substrate with a substantial amount of grafting, the grafted GMA polymer penetrates or becomes partially submerged beneath a thin surface layer of dense substrate chains to form a stratified surface microstructure. The concentration of the surface-grafted GMA polymer increases with the plasma pretreatment time, the near-UV light illumination time, and the monomer concentration. The GMA graft copolymerized PTFE surfaces adhere strongly to one another when brought into direct contact and cured (i) in the presence of a diamine alone or (ii) in the presence of an epoxy adhesive (epoxy resin plus diamine curing agent). In the presence of diamine alone, failure occurs in the interfacial region. For epoxy adhesive-promoted adhesion, the failure mode is cohesive, i.e. it takes place in the bulk of one of the delaminated PTFE films. The lap shear strengths in both cases increase with the amount of surface-grafted epoxide polymer. The development of the adhesion strength depends on the concentration of the surface graft, the microstructure of the graft copolymerized PTFE surface, the interfacial reactions, and the nature of the bonding agent.
Homelessness and Serious Mental Illness and Human Service Networks (2003)

This article explores alternatives pursued by human service providers in the current residual context of service delivery in the field of mental health and housing. It is based on a recent study involving five focus groups of people working with the homeless mentally ill in a particular Seaside Suburb in Sydney. The study concluded that front line workers across a range of agencies are incapable of addressing the multi-faceted problems of the seriously mentally ill and homeless many of whom in a previous era would have been housed in institutions.
Growth and characteristics of tantalum oxide thin films deposited using thermionic vacuum arc technology (2010)

Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) thin films were synthesized using thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) technology. TVA is an original deposition method using a combination of anodic arc and electron gun system for the growth of thin films from solid precursors under vacuum of 10−6 Torr. The properties of the deposited Ta2O5 thin films were investigated in terms of wettability, refractive index, morphology, and structure. The surface free energy was determined by means of surface energy evaluation system indicating a hydrophilic character and the refractive index was measured by Filmetrics F20 device. The morphology was determined from bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image performed by Philips CM 120 ST TEM system. It exhibits nanoparticles of 3–6 nm diameter smoothly distributed. Selected area electron diffraction pattern revealed the contrast fringes given by complex polycrystalline particles included in the amorphous film. The measured fringes could be indexed using monoclinic structure of Ta2O5.
Fractional Clearance of Albumin is Influenced by its Degradation during Renal Passage (1997)

1. The fractional clearance of intact albumin as determined by fractionation of urine by gel chromatography gave a value of 3.9 +/- 1.6 x 10(-4) for the isolated perfused kidney and 2.1 +/- 0.6 x 10(-4) in vivo using ALZET osmotic pumps. 2. Albumin fractional clearance as measured by detection of the tritium label on the albumin molecule by radioactivity analysis gave a value of 7.5 +/- 3.9 x 10(-3) for the isolated perfused kidney and 2.3 +/- 0.9 x 10(-3) in vivo. 3. The major differences between assays that detect intact albumin compared with non-specific assays in the estimates of the fractional clearance of albumin can be explained by the degradation of approx. 90% of albumin to small peptides during its renal passage. This has been demonstrated by size exclusion chromatography of urine samples from experiments where (i) exogenous tritium-labelled albumin was used in isolated perfused kidneys, (ii) exogenous tritium-labelled albumin was administered intravenously and (iii) analysis was made with metabolically labelled endogenous albumin in vivo.
일반논문 : 연민(淵民) 이가원(李家源)의 인물전(人物傳) 일고(一考) (2012)

본고에서는 연민의 『韓國名人小傳』과 『李朝名人列傳』 등 인물전을 통해 역사서 기술의 기반이 되는 역사관과 인간관을 고찰하였다. 연민의 인물전은 인물사전이 아님에도 불구하고 1669명이라는 많은 인물을 다루고 있다는 특징이 있다. 이는 역사 전개에 있어서 다양한 계층, 다양한 역량의 필요성을 인정한 연민의 역사관 때문으로 여겨진다. 연민 인물전은 개개 인간의 총체적인 면모를 밝히기 보다는 역사적 상황에서의 거취를 중시하고 있다. 연민의 인물전에서 정몽주는 대의를 위해 순절한 인물로, 정도전은 고려를 배반하고 나아가 조선에서도 반역의 기치를 올린 출세주의자로 부각되어 있다. 연민은 인물을 설명하는 데 있어서 혈통과 학통을 연계지어 역량을 평가하였고, 성리학·문장·벼슬 등 당대의 잣대를 인물 평가의 기본으로 삼았지만 미천한 신분의 중인, 하찮게 여겨지던 예술가 그리고 반역자의 경우도 과학이나 문장 등에 있어서 실력이 뛰어나고 훌륭한 작품을 남겼거나 세상의 부조리를 개혁하려 하였다면 충분히 가치 있는 인물로 평가하였다. 그리고 무엇보다 애국애족의 거취에 최상의 가치를 두었다. 본고에서는 연민의 인물전이 신분이 높은 기득권자에 의해 기록된 역사 즉, 사화와 당쟁으로 점철된 역사, 정치 중심의 역사 서술에서 안용복과 같은 미천한 애국자가 설 자리가 없다고 판단하여 시작되었음을 밝혔다. 연민은 인재가 쓰이지 못하는 시대의 부조리함을 비판하고 우리나라가 인재가 많은 나라라는 자부심을 그려냈는데 이는 조선후기 실학자들의 정신을 계승한 것이다. 아울러 본고에서는 연민이 인물전에서 野史에 전하는 다양한 인물과 그들의 이면적 모습을 흥미있게 소개하였음을 밝혔다.
Brightness Meter (1980)

The footcandle-meter often disagrees sharply with an observer's assessment of brightness of illumination. The reason is that the human visual system is neither single-channelled nor additive, as is the footcandle-meter. Based on many experimental results, some of them long known, a brightness-meter showing far better agreement is described.
Shape Measurement of Curved Objects Using Multiple Slit-Ray Projections (1982)

A method for the shape measurement of curved objects has been developed using multiple slit-ray projections and a turntable. The object is placed on a computer-controlled turntable and irradiated by two directed slit-ray projectors. An ITV camera takes a line image of the reflection from the object, and a computer calculates the space coordinates of the object surface. By using multiple projections, the total shape measurement of the object surface is attained accurately.
Twist Overexpression Induces <i>In vivo</i> Angiogenesis and Correlates with Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer (2005)

Aggressive cancer phenotypes are a manifestation of many different genetic alterations that promote rapid proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we show that stable overexpression of Twist in a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, altered its morphology to a fibroblastic-like phenotype, which exhibited protein markers representative of a mesenchymal transformation. In addition, it was observed that MCF-7/Twist cells had increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis when compared with empty vector control cells. The functional changes induced by VEGF in vivo were analyzed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of MCF-7/Twist-xenografted tumors. MRI showed that MCF-7/Twist tumors exhibited higher vascular volume and vascular permeability in vivo than the MCF-7/vector control xenografts. Moreover, elevated expression of Twist in breast tumor samples obtained from patients correlated strongly with high-grade invasive carcinomas and with chromosome instability, particularly gains of chromosomes 1 and 7. Taken together, these results show that Twist overexpression in breast cancer cells can induce angiogenesis, correlates with chromosomal instability, and promotes an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition that is pivotal for the transformation into an aggressive breast cancer phenotype.
Design of a very high resolution network analyser (2002)

A major characteristic of a network analyzer is its frequency resolution; i.e. the minimal distance between two adjacent frequency lines the analyzer can handle. The authors show how this frequency resolution can be enhanced. The frequency resolution can be improved either by decreasing the sampling frequency or increasing the number of time samples. The solution adopted is real-time interpolation in the generator and real-time subsampling in the acquisition unit. With this technique the generated output signal is computed in real-time starting from a small set of samples. This small set cannot contain enough information to cover the entire frequency band. However it is possible to put that narrow-band signal in any desired portion of the frequency band so that the instrument bandwidth is not reduced. Likewise, on the acquisition side the large amount of incoming samples is immediately decimated to a much smaller set and only this set has to be stored in memory. This also implies that during one measurement cycle only a fraction of the total bandwidth can be measured. The process of interpolation and subsampling is described, with the emphasis on the practical implementation choices that have to be made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemistry and pharmacology of the citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin (2001)

Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Both hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin have been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, physical and chemical properties, analysis, pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity and the marketed products available. A special emphasis has been laid on the pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of these compounds.
CMOS UWB IR Non-Coherent Receiver for RF-ID Applications (2006)

Ultra wide band impulse-radio (UWB-IR) brings the opportunity of increased bitrates in RFID systems. This paper presents the implementation of a CMOS non-coherent UWB impulse receiver targeted for readers in RFID applications. The receiver consists of an RF-front-end and an on-off keying (OOK) 10 Mbps demodulator, which is implemented using a 0.18mum CMOS process. The receiver works for 3.1GHz-5GHz, has a sensitivity of -70dBm, and consumes 31mW from a 1.8V supply
HPV infections and oesophageal cancer: Table 1 (2002)

The first reports suggesting an involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of both benign and malignant squamous cell tumours of the oesophagus date back to 1982. Since then, a substantial amount of literature has accumulated on this subject, summarised in this review. To date, 239 oesophageal squamous cell papillomas have been analysed in 29 separate studies using different HPV detection methods, with HPV being detected in 51 (21.3%) cases. Many more squamous cell carcinomas have been analysed: of the 1485 squamous cell carcinomas analysed by in situ hybridisation, 22.9% were positive for HPV DNA, as were 15.2% of the 2020 cases tested by the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, evidence derived from large scale serological studies, animal experiments, and in vitro studies is discussed in the light of the highly variable geographical incidence rates of oesophageal carcinoma worldwide. It may be that the (multifactorial) aetiology of oesophageal cancer differs greatly between those geographical areas with a low risk and those with a high risk for this disease. Oncogenic HPV types seem to play an important causal role, particularly in high risk areas.
READ: Rapid data Exploration, Analysis and Discovery (2014)

Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is the process of discovering im-portant characteristics of a dataset or finding data-driven insights in the corresponding domain. EDA is a human intensive process involving data management, analytic flow deployment and model creation, and data visualization and interpretation. It involves ex-tensive use of analyst time, effort, and skill in data processing as well as domain expertise. In this paper, we introduce READ, a mixed initiative system for accelerating exploratory data analysis. The key idea behind READ is to decompose the exploration pro-cess into components that can be independently specified and auto-mated. These components can be defined, reused or extended using simple choice points that are expressed using inference rules, plan-ning logic, and reactive user interfaces and visualization. READ uses a formal specification of the analytic process for automated model space enumeration, workflow composition, deployment, and model validation and clustering. READ aims to reduce the time re-quired for exploration and understanding of a dataset from days to minutes. 1.
Low-Complexity ML Detection for Spatial Modulation MIMO With APSK Constellation (2015)

Spatial modulation (SM) is a promising multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) transmission technology, which exploits the indexes of the transmit antennas for encoding information into the spatial dimension and, thus, for increasing the transmission rate. Optimal demodulation is realized by using a maximum-likelihood (ML) detector, which jointly estimates the information bits encoded into the transmit antenna indexes and into the transmitted symbol. If a large number of transmit antennas and/or a large modulation size are used; however, the computational complexity of ML demodulation may not be affordable for some applications. Against this background, we propose two novel near-ML but low-complexity detection schemes for SM-MIMO systems, which use M-ary amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) digital modulation. The proposed algorithms exploit specific features of the M-ary APSK constellation diagram, in order to avoid searching among all constellation points. It is shown, in particular, that the complexity of the proposed detection schemes is independent of the constellation size and that it only depends on the number of rings that constitute the APSK constellation. Simulation results are also provided, which confirm that the proposed detection schemes provide bit error probability performance close to that of ML demodulation but with lower demodulation complexity.