gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time vector quantization-based image compression on the SIMPil low memory SIMD architecture (2002)

Vector quantization (VQ) has become a popular technique for image compression. While conventional unstructured VQs have the potential of achieving the best theoretical performance, they are also demanding in storage and computational requirements. A significant amount of current research on VQ implementations addresses increasing the speed of image encoding, which is one of the most computationally expensive operations. This is typically accomplished by imposing structures, exploiting properties of the distance measure, or developing efficient and fast implementations. This paper proposes a parallel implementation of a full-search VQ encoding algorithm using a low memory, fine grain single instruction stream multiple data stream (SIMD) pixel processor (SIMPil) being developed at Georgia Tech. This implementation fully exposes the available parallelism of the encoding process and exploits the processing and I/O capabilities of the processor, resulting in a system that can perform real-time image and video compression. The proposed implementation encodes a large region of the original image at once, replacing each constituent input block with its corresponding VQ codeword index. Preliminary simulation results indicate that the proposed implementation is capable of sustain real-time frame rates. A prototype single node SIMPil implementation has been fabricated by MOSIS in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS, and is being evaluated.
The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway is preferentially activated by interleukin-1 and controls apoptosis in differentiating pancreatic beta-cells. (2000)

To characterize the differentiation events that selectively target insulin-producing cells to interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced apoptosis, we studied IL-1beta signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase in 2 pancreatic endocrine cell lines. We studied the glucagon-secreting AN-glu cell line and the insulin and the islet amyloid polypeptide-producing beta-cell line (AN-ins cells), which is derived by stable transfection of AN-glu cells with the transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1. AN-ins cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of IL-1beta. This increased sensitivity was not associated with a more pronounced IL-l-induced nitric oxide production in AN-ins cells, but it correlated with a more marked activation of the 3 MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)-1/2, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK (p38). This led to increased phosphorylation of the transcription factors c-Jun, Elk-1, and ATF2 and of heat shock protein 25. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 and p38 did not prevent but aggravated IL-1beta-induced cell death. In contrast, inhibition of JNK by transfection with the dominant negative inhibitor of the JNK-binding domain prevented apoptosis in both cell types. Cell death could be elicited by overexpressing the catalytic domain of MAPK kinase kinase 1, a specific activator of JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB, which does not recruit ERK-1/2 or p38. Coactivation of ERK-1/2 with JNK did not prevent apoptosis. In conclusion, increased MAPK signaling in response to IL-1beta may represent a novel molecular marker of beta-cell differentiation. JNK inhibition represents an effective means of preventing IL-1beta-activated beta-cell destruction.
Soil and Plant Recovery After Historic Military Disturbances in the Sonoran Desert,USA (2002)

Military training exercises in desert areas have resulted in various types of disturbance through time. Camp Laguna, located on the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground in southwestern Arizona, served as a military base camp during World War II. The camp exhibits a variety of historic disturbances, including vehicle traffic (motor pool) and foot traffic (tent rows, commons, and footpaths). The extent of soil and plant recovery that has occurred at Camp Laguna in the 56 years since abandonment was assessed by comparing sites with historic disturbance to an apparently undisturbed control site. Vegetative recovery was determined by measuring perennial plant foliar cover and density. Soil was characterized by maximum penetration depth measurements and presence of biological soil crusts. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for inorganic and organic carbon and total nitrogen content. The tent city, disturbed primarily by foot traffic, did not show full recovery of vegetation and biological soil crust to predisturbance conditions. The slow recovery may be attributable to grading that removed topsoil and seed sources when the camp was established. In contrast, most plant species at the motor pool exhibited higher density and greater foliar cover than was found at the control site. This may be the result of a compacted soil layer that enhanced soil-water relations of the upper horizon of the sandy soil and provided fine plant roots with a greater amount of moisture. Keywords: Arid LandsSoil CompactionBiological Soil CrustsMilitary TrainingYuma Proving Ground
Structures and Characteristics of Novel Siderophores from Plant Deleterious <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> A225 and <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> ATCC 39167 (1997)

When Pseudomonas putida ATCC 39167 and plant-deleterious Pseudomonas fluorescens A225 were grown in an iron-deficient culture medium, they each produced two different novel yellow-green fluorescent pseudobactins: P39167-I, II and PA225-I, II. Pseudobactin P39167-I has a molecular formula of C46H65O23N13 and is monoanionic at neutral pH. P39167-II has the molecular formula of C46H63O22N13 and no charge at neutral pH. Pseudobactin PA225-I has a molecular formula of C46H65O24N13 and is monoanionic at neutral pH whereas pseudobactin PA225-II has the molecular formula of C46H63O23N13 and no charge at neutral pH. All four of the pseudobactins contain a dihydroxyquinoline-based chromophore. The amino acid sequence for the octapeptide in case of pseudobactins from P. putida ATCC 39167 is Chr-Ser(1)-Ala(1)-AcOHOrn-Gly-Ala(2)-OHAsp-Ser(2)-Thr. In case of pseudobactins from P. fluorescens A225, the octapeptide has the sequence Chr-Ser(1)-Ala-AcOHOrn-Gly-Ser(2)-OHAsp-Ser(3)-Thr. For all four pseudobactins (P39167-I, II and PA225-I, II), the serine(1) residue of the octapeptide is attached to the carboxylic acid group on the C-11 of the fluorescent quinoline via an amide bond. Additionally, for pseudobactin P39167-II and PA225-II, the hydroxyl group of the serine(1) residue is also attached to the carboxyl group of threonine residue at the carboxy terminus of the peptide via an ester bond, resulting in a cyclic depsipeptide in contrast to the linear peptide chain of P39167-I and PA225-I. For all four pseudobactins, a malamide group is attached to the C-3 of the quinoline derived chromophore. The three bidentate iron(III) chelating groups in all four pseudobactins consist of a 1,2-dihydroxy aromatic group of the fluorescent chromophore, a hydroxy acid group of beta-hydroxy aspartic acid, and a hydroxamate group from the acylated Ndelta-hydroxyornithine. The amino acid constituents of the pseudobactins P39167 I, II are the same as those in pseudobactin A214, whereas those in A225 I, II are the same as in 7SR1, but in both cases the sequences are different. The uptake results indicate a single outer membrane receptor protein for ferric-pseudobactins in both organisms. The receptor proteins in the two species are similar but not identical.
L1 Adaptive Control for Indoor Autonomous Vehicles: Design Process and Flight Testing (2009)

Adaptive control techniques have the potential to address many of the special performance and robustness requirements of flight control for unmanned aerial vehicles. L1 adaptive control offers potential benefits in terms of performance and robustness. An L1 adaptive output feedback control design process is presented here in which control parameters are systematically determined based on intuitive desired performance and robustness metrics set by the designer. Flight test results verify the process for an indoor autonomous quadrotor helicopter, demonstrating that designer specifications correspond to the expected physical responses. In flight tests comparing it with the baseline linear controller, the augmented adaptive system shows definite performance and robustness improvements confirming the potential of L1 adaptive control as a useful tool for autonomous aircraft.
Antimicrobial activity of pure platelet-rich plasma against microorganisms isolated from oral cavity (2013)

P-PRP is a potentially useful substance in the fight against postoperative infections. This might represent a valuable property in adjunct to the enhancement of tissue regeneration.
P-glycoprotein associated expression of c-fos and c-jun products in human lung carcinomas. (1993)

Surgical specimens of non-small cell lung carcinomas of 167 previously untreated patients were analyzed for expression of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc and c-neu products and for resistance to drugs. Because most of the patients were treated only by surgery, an in vitro test was used to determine the resistance. For the detection of the oncoproteins the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method was used. An association between the resistance and c-fos and c-jun proteins was found (c-fos p = 0.01, c-jun p = 0.09), whereas a correlation between resistance and expression of c-neu and c-myc products was not observed. P-glycoprotein 170 was detected immunohistochemically in 91 tumors using the monoclonal antibody JSB-1. There was a significant correlation between the resistance measured by the in vitro test and P-glycoprotein 170 expression (p < 0.001). Also a significant correlation between the c-fos and c-jun proteins and the expression of P-glycoprotein was found (c-fos p = 0.017, c-jun p = 0.036). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between the expression of the c-neu or c-myc products and the expression of P-glycoprotein 170. Thus, there exists a significant relationship between resistance, P-glycoprotein 170, and c-fos and c-jun products in human non-small cell lung carcinomas. P-glycoprotein 170 may be regulated by the c-fos/c-jun protein complex, which binds specifically to AP-1.
Cryosurgery of Normal and Tumor Tissue in the Dorsal Skin Flap Chamber: Part II—Injury Response (2001)

It has been hypothesized that vascular injury may be an important mechanism of cryosurgical destruction in addition to direct cellular destruction. In this study, we report correlation of tissue and vascular injury after cryosurgery to the temperature history during cryosurgery in an in vivo microvascular preparation. The dorsal skin flap chamber, implanted in the Copenhagen rat, was chosen as the cryosurgical model. Cryosurgery was performed in the chamber on either normal skin or tumor tissue propagated from an AT-1 Dunning rat prostate tumor, as described in a companion paper (Hoffmann and Bischof, 2001). The vasculature was then viewed at 3 and 7 days after cryoinjury under brightfield and FITC-labeled dextran contrast enhancement to assess the vascular injury. The results showed that there was complete destruction of the vasculature in the center of the lesion and a gradual return to normal patency moving radially outward. Histologic examination showed a band of inflammation near the edge of a large necrotic region at both 3 and 7 days after cryosurgery. The area of vascular injury observed with FITC-labeled dextran quantitatively corresponded to the area of necrosis observed in histologic section, and the size of the lesion for tumor and normal tissue was similar at 3 days post cryosurgery. At 7 days after cryosurgery, the lesion was smaller for both tissues, with the normal tissue lesion being much smaller than the tumor tissue lesion. A comparison of experimental injury data to the thermal model validated in a companion paper (Hoffmann and Bischof, 2001) suggested that the minimum temperature required for causing necrosis was −15.6±4.3°C in tumor tissue and −19.0±4.4°C in normal tissue. The other thermal parameters manifested at the edge of the lesion included a cooling rate of ∼28°C/min, 0 hold time, and a ∼9°C/min thawing rate. The conditions at the edge of the lesion are much less severe than the thermal conditions required for direct cellular destruction of AT-1 cells and tissues in vitro. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that vascular-mediated injury is responsible for the majority of injury at the edge of the frozen region in microvascular perfused tissue.
Constitutive Expression of Rice <i>MicroRNA528</i> Alters Plant Development and Enhances Tolerance to Salinity Stress and Nitrogen Starvation in Creeping Bentgrass (2015)

MicroRNA528 (miR528) is a conserved monocot-specific small RNA that has the potential of mediating multiple stress responses. So far, however, experimental functional studies of miR528 are lacking. Here, we report that overexpression of a rice (Oryza sativa) miR528 (Osa-miR528) in transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) alters plant development and improves plant salt stress and nitrogen (N) deficiency tolerance. Morphologically, miR528-overexpressing transgenic plants display shortened internodes, increased tiller number, and upright growth. Improved salt stress resistance is associated with increased water retention, cell membrane integrity, chlorophyll content, capacity for maintaining potassium homeostasis, CATALASE activity, and reduced ASCORBIC ACID OXIDASE (AAO) activity; while enhanced tolerance to N deficiency is associated with increased biomass, total N accumulation and chlorophyll synthesis, nitrite reductase activity, and reduced AAO activity. In addition, AsAAO and COPPER ION BINDING PROTEIN1 are identified as two putative targets of miR528 in creeping bentgrass. Both of them respond to salinity and N starvation and are significantly down-regulated in miR528-overexpressing transgenics. Our data establish a key role that miR528 plays in modulating plant growth and development and in the plant response to salinity and N deficiency and indicate the potential of manipulating miR528 in improving plant abiotic stress resistance.
The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook: Introductory Theory and Applications in Science, Engineering, Medicine and Finance (2002)

"The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook: Introductory Theory and Applications in Science, Engineering, Medicine and Finance 2e provides an overview of the theory and practical applications of wavelet transform methods. It uniquely covers continuous as well as discrete transforms. The author uses several hundred illustrations, some in color, to convey mathematical concepts and the results of applications. This second edition reflects numerous recent developments across a wide range of areas, with a particular focus on finance, ECG, geophysics, and astronomy"...
Characterization of nanoparticles in diluted clear solutions for Silicalite-1 zeolite synthesis using liquid 29Si NMR, SAXS and DLS (2008)

Clear solutions for colloidal Silicalite-1 synthesis were prepared by reacting tetraethylorthosilicate in aqueous tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution. A dilution series with water resulting in clear solutions with a TEOS ratio TPAOH ratio H2O molar ratio of 25 : 9 : 152 up to 25 : 9 : 15,000 was analysed using liquid 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particle sizes were derived independently from DLS and from the combination of SAXS and NMR. NMR allowed quantitative characterization of silicon distributed over nanoparticles and dissolved oligomeric silicate polyanions. In all samples studied, the majority of silicon (78-90%) was incorporated in the nanoparticle fraction. In concentrated suspensions, silicate oligomers were mostly double-ring species (D3R, D4R, D5R, D6R). Dilution with water caused their depolymerisation. Contrarily, the internal condensation and size of nanoparticles increased with increasing dilution. SAXS revealed a decrease of effective nanoparticle surface charge upon dilution, reducing the effective particle interactions. With DLS, the reduction of nanoparticle interactions could be confirmed monitoring the collective diffusion mode. The observed evolution of nanoparticle characteristics provides insight in the acceleration of the Silicalite-1 crystallization upon dilution, in view of different crystallization models proposed in the literature.
Efficiency comparisons between different model-based and measurement-based connection admission control under heavy traffic (2003)

This paper discusses efficiency comparisons between different connection admission control (CAC) schemes with high arrival rate of connection requests. Through numerical studies, we have observed that the aggregate traffic converges to Gaussian 'slowly'. That is to say that when the number of homogeneous established connections of a traffic type is below a threshold (specific to that type), the aggregate traffic will be non-Gaussian. However, it approaches Gaussian as the number of connections increases over the threshold value. Hence, a CAC scheme based on a Gaussian model is not applicable to this traffic because the model considers the aggregate traffic to be Gaussian even when the total number of connections is below the threshold. This is also true if the threshold is higher than the maximum connections that a link can serve while maintaining the required quality of service. In light of this observation, we propose an enhanced version of the Gaussian model-based CAC scheme, which is also efficient if the traffic is non-Gaussian. Moreover, we introduce a measurement-based counterpart of that approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the enhanced CAC schemes perform well for two different types of traffic: video and data traffic traces.
Morphological changes in the Golgi complex correlate with actin cytoskeleton rearrangements (1999)

In this report we have studied the morphological changes of the Golgi complex (GC) that specifically accompany F-actin reorganizations. In starved rat RBL-2H3 tumor mast cells, the GC, that was visualized at immunofluorescence level with antibodies raised against the Golgi-resident proteins giantin, mannosidase II, or TGN-38, showed a compacted morphology with a supranuclear positioning. Concomitant to membrane ruffle formation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and stress fiber formation induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), specific GC morphological changes were observed. When cells were stimulated with EGF or PMA, the compacted GC morphology was transformed into a reticular network that was extended towards the cell periphery. When cells were incubated with LPA, the GC acquired a characteristic ring-shaped morphology. Brefeldin A (BFA) did not affect the PMA- or LPA-induced membrane ruffling and stress fiber formation, respectively, indicating that actin rearrangements occurred independent of the presence of the GC. Upon BFA removal, the presence of PMA or LPA during the recovery process induced the GC to acquire the morphological appearance described above for each agent. Moreover, the PMA- but not the LPA-induced GC rearrangements were sensitive to the actin perturbing agents cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide. When cells were preincubated with the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002, the PMA-induced GC morphological changes were inhibited but not membrane ruffles. Finally, the PMA-induced increase in the post-Golgi transport of glycosaminoglycans to the cell surface was not altered by cytochalasin D or jasplakinolide. Altogether, these data suggest that: (1) the shape of the GC is influenced by the 3D arrangement of actin microfilaments; (2) PI3K regulates the association of the GC with actin microfilaments; and (3) actin microfilaments are not essential for the post-Golgi transport to the plasma membrane.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of N-Substituted Maleimide Derivatives as Selective Monoglyceride Lipase Inhibitors (2009)

The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) plays a major role in many physiological processes, and its action is quickly terminated via enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by monoglyceride lipase (MGL). Regulating its endogenous level could offer therapeutic opportunities; however, few selective MGL inhibitors have been described so far. Here, we describe the synthesis of N-substituted maleimides and their pharmacological evaluation on the recombinant human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and on the purified human MGL. A few N-arylmaleimides were previously described ( Saario , S. M. ; Salo , O. M. ; Nevalainen , T. ; Poso , A. ; Laitinen , J. T. ; Jarvinen , T. ; Niemi , R. Characterization of the Sulfhydryl-Sensitive Site in the Enzyme Responsible for Hydrolysis of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Rat Cerebellar Membranes . Chem. Biol. 2005 , 12 , 649 - 656 ) as MGL inhibitors, and along these lines, we present a new set of maleimide derivatives that showed low micromolar IC(50) and high selectivity toward MGL vs FAAH. Then, structure-activity relationships have been investigated and, for instance, 1-biphenyl-4-ylmethylmaleimide inhibits MGL with an IC(50) value of 790 nM. Furthermore, rapid dilution experiments reveal that these compounds act as irreversible inhibitors. In conclusion, N-substituted maleimides constitute a promising class of potent and selective MGL inhibitors.
Activation-associated changes in blood and bone marrow neutrophils (1997)

Accelerated granulocytopoiesis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation via the complement system are important events in the inflammatory response. This study tests the hypothesis that PMN of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow behave differently when stimulated with zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP). PMN were treated with ZAP and processed to determine the content and distribution of F-actin, the expression of CD18-integrins, and the cell area/shape with the use of a combination of flow cytometry, fluorescence, and light microscopy. The results show that untreated bone marrow PMN display similar F-actin content and cell area but express less CD18 than peripheral blood PMN. ZAP-activated peripheral blood PMN show a marked increase in the F-actin content, CD18 expression, cell area, and length. Highly elongated PMN develop a polar shape in which microfilaments are redistributed in cell protrusions and CD18 is located in the uropod and the lamellipodium. In comparison, activated bone marrow PMN show a lower and more transient increase in the F-actin content, express less CD18, show a reduced increase in the cell area, and display reduced polarity and microfilament redistribution. We conclude that bone marrow PMN show lower complement-activation response than peripheral blood PMN and suggest that the lower expression of surface membrane integrins and related cytoskeletal filaments may account for their reduced ability to develop the polar shape required for diapedesis and migration.
Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis (1978)

Journal Article Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis Get access Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, 2nd Ed. Prepared by the Intersociety Committee of the AOAC, The American Public Health Association, 1015 18th St, NW, Washington, DC 20036, 1977. 984 pp. $45.00. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 61, Issue 3, 1 May 1978, Page 756, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/61.3.756a Published: 22 January 2020