gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of the multifunctional human fatty acid synthase and its subdomains in  <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

We engineered a full-length (8.3-kbp) cDNA coding for fatty acid synthase (FAS; EC 2.3.1.85) from the human brain FAS cDNA clones we characterized previously. In the process of accomplishing this task, we developed a novel PCR procedure, recombinant PCR, which is very useful in joining two overlapping DNA fragments that do not have a common or unique restriction site. The full-length cDNA was cloned in pMAL-c2 for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli as a maltose-binding protein fusion. The recombinant protein was purified by using amylose-resin affinity and hydroxylapatite chromatography. As expected from the coding capacity of the cDNA expressed, the chimeric recombinant protein has a molecular weight of 310,000 and reacts with antibodies against both human FAS and maltose-binding protein. The maltose-binding protein-human FAS (MBP-hFAS) catalyzed palmitate synthesis from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH and exhibited all of the partial activities of FAS at levels comparable with those of the native human enzyme purified from HepG2 cells. Like the native HepG2 FAS, the products of MBP-hFAS are mainly palmitic acid (> 90%) and minimal amounts of stearic and arachidic acids. Similarly, a human FAS cDNA encoding domain I (beta-ketoacyl synthase, acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA transacylases, and beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase) was cloned and expressed in E. coli using pMAL-c2. The expressed fusion protein, MBP-hFAS domain I, was purified to apparent homogeneity (M(r) 190,000) and exhibited the activities of the acetyl/malonyl transacylases and the beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase. In addition, a human FAS cDNA encoding domains II and III (enoyl and beta-ketoacyl reductases, acyl carrier protein, and thioesterase) was cloned in pET-32b(+) and expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with thioredoxin and six in-frame histidine residues. The recombinant fusion protein, thioredoxin-human FAS domains II and III, that was purified from E. coli had a molecular weight of 159,000 and exhibited the activities of the enoyl and beta-ketoacyl reductases and the thioesterase. Both the MBP and the thioredoxin-His-tags do not appear to interfere with the catalytic activity of human FAS or its partial activities.
Interferon action: binding of viral RNA to the 40-kilodalton 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in interferon-treated HeLa cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (1991)

The 40-kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate [(2'-5') (A)n] synthetase isoenzyme was proven to be a mediator of the inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication by interferon (IFN). When activated by double-stranded RNA, this enzyme converts ATP into 2'-5'-oligoadenylate [(2'-5') (A)n], and (2'-5') (A)n was found to accumulate in IFN-treated, EMCV-infected cells. The only known function of (2'-5') (A)n is the activation of RNase L, a latent RNase, and this was also implicated in the inhibition of EMCV replication. Intermediates or side products in EMCV RNA replication, presumed to be partially double stranded, were shown to activate (2'-5') (A)n synthetase in vitro. These findings served as the basis of the long-standing hypothesis that the activator of (2'-5') (A)n synthetase in IFN-treated, EMCV-infected cells is the viral RNA. To test this hypothesis, we have generated a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the human 40-kDa (2'-5') (A)n synthetase. The antiserum immunoprecipitated, from IFN-treated HeLa cells that had been infected with EMCV, the 40-kDa (2'-5') (A)n synthetase protein in complex with both strands of EMCV RNA. The immunoprecipitate was active in (2'-5') (A)n synthesis even without addition of double-stranded RNA, whereas the immunoprecipitate from IFN-treated, uninfected cells was not. These and other results demonstrate that in IFN-treated, EMCV-infected cells, viral RNA is bound to the (2'-5') (A)n synthetase and suggest that the agent activating the (2'-5') (A)n synthetase is the bound viral RNA.
Consistent high clinical pregnancy rates and low ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rates in high-risk patients after GnRH agonist triggering and modified luteal support: a retrospective multicentre study (2013)

In women who are undergoing ovarian stimulation and who develop an excessive ovarian response, the use of a GnRH agonist trigger combined with modified luteal support can provide the opportunity to proceed to fresh embryo transfer with adequate clinical pregnancy rates. However, this procedure will not completely eliminate the risk of OHSS and for women with an extreme ovarian response or with significant comorbidity, where the possibility of severe OHSS is unacceptable, we recommend GnRH agonist trigger followed by a freeze-all policy to completely avoid OHSS.
The Efficiency of the Coal Industry (An application of linear programming), par JAMES-M. HENDERSON. Un vol., 5½ po. x 8½, relié, 146 pages — S.-J. REGINALD SAUNDERS AND COMPANY LIMITED, Toronto, 1958 ($5.95) (1961)

The Efficiency of the Coal Industry (An application of linear programming), par JAMES-M. HENDERSON. Un vol., 5½ po. x 8½, relié, 146 pages — S.-J. REGINALD SAUNDERS AND COMPANY LIMITED, Toronto, 1958 ($5.95). Un article de la revue L'Actualité économique (Volume 37, numéro 1, avril–juin 1961, p. 5-216) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Path-Tracking of a Tractor-Trailer Vehicle Along Rectilinear and Circular Paths: A Lyapunov-Based Approach (2004)

The problem of asymptotic stabilization for straight and circular forward/backward motions of a tractor-trailer system is addressed using Lyapunov techniques. Smooth, bounded, nonlinear control laws achieving asymptotic stability along the desired path are designed, and explicit bounds on the region of attraction are provided. The problem of asymptotic controllability with bounded control is also addressed.
The Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Minor Capsid Protein (2013)

The surface of polyomavirus virions is composed of pentameric knobs of the major capsid protein, VP1. In previously studied polyomavirus species, such as SV40, two interior capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3, emerge from the virion to play important roles during the infectious entry process. Translation of the VP3 protein initiates at a highly conserved Met-Ala-Leu motif within the VP2 open reading frame. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) is a member of a divergent clade of polyomaviruses that lack the conserved VP3 N-terminal motif. Consistent with this observation, we show that VP3 is not detectable in MCV-infected cells, VP3 is not found in native MCV virions, and mutation of possible alternative VP3-initiating methionine codons did not significantly affect MCV infectivity in culture. In contrast, VP2 knockout resulted in a >100-fold decrease in native MCV infectivity, despite normal virion assembly, viral DNA packaging, and cell attachment. Although pseudovirus-based experiments confirmed that VP2 plays an essential role for infection of some cell lines, other cell lines were readily transduced by pseudovirions lacking VP2. In cell lines where VP2 was needed for efficient infectious entry, the presence of a conserved myristoyl modification on the N-terminus of VP2 was important for its function. The results show that a single minor capsid protein, VP2, facilitates a post-attachment stage of MCV infectious entry into some, but not all, cell types.
Carbocations in Action. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Highly Acid-Sensitive Naphthalene-Based Backbone Amide Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis (2006)

The design, synthesis, and properties of an extremely acid-labile backbone amide linker based on a regiospecifically substituted tetraalkoxy naphthaldehyde core are presented. This handle enables cleavage of peptide backbone amides (secondary amides) off a solid support using as little as 0.5% TFA in CH2Cl2. This proceeds without cleavage of tert-butyl ethers and tert-butyl esters. The design is based on a DFT study that predicted the most stabile alkoxy-substituted methyl naphthyl carbocation. [structure: see text]
Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues (2014)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
[Treatment of Lobo's disease with clofazimine (B 663)]. (1979)

The author studies the three first cases of Lobo's mycosis treated with oral clofazimine. That is a curious tropical disease, which only occurs in neotropical region, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon. Without any known effective treatment, the mycosis has however responded well to clofazimine in the three cases, the results being significant regression of lesions by reabsorption of their content and disorganization of fungal structures.
Ion bombardment of polyimide films (1989)

Surface modification techniques such as wet chemical etching, oxidizing flames, and plasma treatments (inert ion sputtering and reactive ion etching) have been used to change the surface chemistry of polymers and improve adhesion. With an increase in the use of polyimides for microelectronic applications, the technique of ion sputtering to enhance polymer-to-metal adhesion is receiving increased attention. For this study, the argon-ion bombardment surfaces of pyromellitic dianhydride and oxydianiline (PMDA–ODA) and biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and phenylene diamine (BPDA–PDA) polyimide films were characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a function of ion dose. Graphite and high-density polyethylene were also examined by XPS for comparison of C 1s peak width and binding-energy assignments. Results indicate that at low ion doses the surface of the polyimide does not change chemically, although adsorbed species are eliminated. At higher doses the chemical composition is altered and is dramatically reflected in the C 1s spectra where graphiticlike structures become evident and the prominent carbonyl peak is reduced significantly. Both polyimides demonstrate similar chemical changes after heavy ion bombardment. Atomic composition of PMDA–ODA and BPDA–PDA polymers are almost identical after heavy ion bombardment.
STAT -- A State Transition Analysis Tool For Intrusion Detection (1993)

This thesis proposes a new approach to representing computer penetrations and applies the approach to the development of a real-time intrusion detection tool. The approach, referred to as penetration state transition analysis, views a penetration as a sequence of state changes that lead a computer system from an initial prerequisite state to a target compromised state. State transitions are defined in terms of critical actions and assertions that describe the pre- and post-action states of the system. A state transition diagram, which is the graphical representation of state transition analysis, identifies precisely the requirements and compromise of a penetration and lists only those critical events that must occur for the successful completion of the penetration. The State Transition Analysis Tool (STAT) is an advanced rule-based expert system that analyzes the audit trails of multi-user computer systems in search of impending security violations. STAT represents state transition diagrams within its rule-base and uses them to seek out those state transitions within the target system that correspond to known penetration scenarios. Unlike comparable analysis tools that pattern match sequences of audit records to the expected audit trails of known penetrations, STAT rules focus on the effects that the individual steps of a penetration have on the state of the computer system. The resulting rule-base is not only more intuitive to read and update than current penetration rule-bases, but also provides greater functionality to detect impending compromises.
Identification of Autoimmune T Cells Among In Vivo Expanded CD25+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (1999)

Although clonal expansion of autoimmune T cells has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), very limited information is available on specificities, clonal size, or activation state of the expanded clones. Here we address the issue of clonal expansion by using a novel technique demonstrating clonotypes defined by single-strand conformation polymorphism of TCR beta-chain cDNAs. Examination of activated T cells (CD3+CD25+) isolated from the peripheral blood of MS revealed limited numbers (20 approximately 82) of expanded clones defined by single-strand conformation polymorphism clonotype. To estimate the Ag specificities of dominant clonotypes in the activated T cells, these samples were examined in parallel with Th1 T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein or proteolipid protein (PLP) derived from the same patients. Analysis of two patients demonstrated that the dominant clonotypes would contain those specific for myelin basic protein or PLP. Although the majority of the clonotypes could be detected only transiently, a PLP95-116-specific clonotype was found to persist for over 1 yr. Thus, single-strand conformation polymorphism clonotype analysis allows us to monitor the kinetics of given T cell clones in vivo and could provide useful information for designing clonotype (Id)-specific manipulation of human diseases such as MS.
A Fast Neutron Scintillator (1954)

A fast neutron scintillator adapted to end-window photomultipliers is described for neutron detection above ∼0.3-Mev energy. Light pulses are produced by the action of recoil protons from paraffine on zinc sulfide phosphor, the optimum weight ratio of the paraffine-zinc sulfide mixture being 3:2. Interfering gamma-ray pulses are suppressed by a 3 microsecond time-constant in the photomultiplier output circuit, and subsequent amplitude discrimination. A detection efficiency of 3.8 percent is attained for 4.1-Mev neutrons through the incorporation of ½-inch deep Lucite light guides.
L'induction neurale chez les vertébrés : le cerveau par défaut. (1997)

Classiquement, le systeme nerveux de l'embryon d'amphibien nait, au cours de la gastrulation, d'interactions inductrices entre le mesoderme dorsal et l'ectoderme qui le recouvre ; elles mettent en jeu trois facteurs diffusibles, Noggin, Follistatin et Chordin, secretes par l'organisateur de Spemann. Les etudes actuelles montrent que l'induction neurale semble, en outre, liee a la levee d'une inhibition des cellules a devenir neurales : c'est le modele dit du cerveau par defaut. On a montre que la proteine BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein), un autre membre de la superfamille TGFβ, induit la differenciation epidermique et inhibe la specification neurale ; a l'inverse, toute interference avec la voie de transmission du signal BPM4, en particulier par Noggin, Follistatin et Chordin, provoque l'induction neurale. Ces mecanismes moleculaires sont conserves au cours de l'evolution et leur etude pourrait conduire a des developpements therapeutiques interessants dans les maladies neurodegeneratives.
FTMP—A highly reliable fault-tolerant multiprocess for aircraft (1978)

FTMP is a digital computer architecture which has evolved over a ten-year period in connection with several life-critical aerospace applications. Most recently it has been proposed as a fault-tolerant central computer for civil transport aircraft applications. A working emulation has been operating for some time, and the first engineering prototype is scheduled to be completed in late 1979. FTMP is designed to have a failure rate due to random causes of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> failures per hour, on ten-hour flights where no air-borne maintenance is available. The prefered maintenance interval is of the order of hundreds of flight hours, and the probability that maintenance will be required earlier than the preferred interval is desired to be at most a few percent. The design is based on independent processor-cache memory modules and common memory modules which communicate via redundant serial buses. All information processing and transmission is conducted in triplicate so that local voters in each module can correct errors. Modules can be retired and/or reassigned in any configuration. Reconfiguration is carried out routinely from second to second to search for latent faults in the voting and reconfiguration elements. Job assignments are all made on a floating basis, so that any processor triad is eligible to execute any job step. The core software in the FFMP will handle all fault detection, diagnosis, and recovery in such a way that applications programs do not need to be involved. Failure-rate models and numerical results are described for both permanent and intermittent faults. A dispatch probability model is also presented. Experience with an experimental emulation is described.
The three-dimensional folding of ribosomal RNA; localization of a series of intra-RNA cross-links in 23S RNA induced by treatment of<i>Escherichia coli</i>50S ribosomal subunits with<i>bis</i>-(2-chloroethyl)-methylamine (1991)

Intact 50S ribosomal subunits from E.coli were cross-linked with the symmetrical bifunctional reagent bis-(2-chloroethyl)-methylamine. After deproteinization, selected regions of the 23S RNA were excised by treatment with ribonuclease H in the presence of appropriate complementary decadeoxynucleotides, and screened for the presence of intra-RNA cross-links by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Individual isolated cross-linked RNA fragments were analysed by our established procedures. Sixteen intra-RNA cross-links were identified, three of which corresponded to those previously published. The thirteen 'new' cross-links were localized in the 23S RNA at positions 774-78 linked to 792-94, 876-79 linked to 899-900, 979-81 or 983-84 to 2029, 1715 to 1743-46, 1911-21 to 1964, 1933 to 1966, 2032 to 2054-55, 2112 to 2169-71, 2116-17 to 2163-67, 2128-32 to 2156-59, 2392-93 to 2422-23, 2737-38 to 2763-66, and 2791 to 2890. These results are discussed in the context of three-dimensional model-building studies with the 23S RNA, with particular reference to the environment of the 'active centre' of the 50S subunit.
Localization of Cu64 in Serum Fractions Following Oral Administration: An Alteration in Wilson's Disease (1954)

Summary1. The administration of Cu64 by mouth to the rat resulted in an immediate uptake of the copper by the albumin fraction of serum as indicated by experiments employing zone electrophoresis for the separation of the serum. Later the copper shifted to the major copper protein in rat serum, which has the approximate mobility of an α1 globulin. 2. The administration of Cu+ 64 by mouth to normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis of the liver also resulted in an immediate uptake of copper by the serum albumin fraction. The radioactivity shifted within a few hours to the α2 globulin, ceruloplasmin, the major copper protein in human serum. 3. When radioactive copper was administered to patients with Wilson's disease, the radioactivity was confined to the albumin peak and little or no localization of the copper to the a2 globulin fraction occurred.
Experimental study of copper–alkali ion exchange in glass (1998)

Copper–alkali ion exchange was performed by immersing different silicate glasses (soda-lime and BK7) in different molten eutectic salt baths (CuSO4:Na2SO4 and CuSO4:K2SO4). The obtained optical waveguides were characterized by m-lines spectroscopy for the determination of refractive index profiles, and by secondary ion mass spectrometry for the concentration profiles of the ion species involved in the exchange process. The different oxidation states of copper inside the glass structure were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and x-ray absorption techniques. Interdiffusion copper coefficients were also determined. The Cu–alkali exchange was observed to give rise to local structural rearrangement of the atoms in the glass matrix. The Cu+ ion was found to mainly govern the exchange process, while competition between Cu–Na and K–Na exchanges occurred when a potassium sulfate bath was used. In this case, significant waveguide modal birefringence was observed.
DRank: Decentralized ranking mechanism for semantic community overlays (2012)

We propose a decentralized ranking algorithm for finding top-k users in a semantic social overlay based network. In large semantic networks the problem of finding top k users (or nodes) with respect to a particular topic is important. Be it a co-authorship graph where a author is looking for other top k authors with respect to a topic, or the problem to find top k influential nodes with respect to an interest (or topic) in a social network. In large networks, global knowledge is difficult to keep at individual nodes because the networks are (i) dynamic in nature and (ii) usually scale to very large numbers. Hence there is a necessity to design algorithms based on local neighborhood. Our proposed algorithm exploits social links and uses local information only. The algorithm scales upto any size of the network. The experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our approach.
Preliminary study on determining stereotypical motor movements (2012)

Stereotypical motor movements are one of the most common and least understood behaviors occurring in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To overcome problems with traditional methods for measuring stereotypical motor movements in persons with ASD, the Kinect sensor from Microsoft and gesture recognition algorithms were used to automatically detect hand flapping. This study provides a valuable tool to monitor stereotypes in order to understand and to cope with this problem. At the end it facilitates to identify behavioral patterns especially relevant when studying interaction skills in children with ASD.
Determining the antiviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected individuals (2003)

The reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA with TDF monotherapy was comparable with the decline observed in previous studies of protease inhibitor monotherapy. TDF is a potent antiretroviral agent and has comparable inherent antiviral activity with that of ritonavir, a potent protease inhibitor. These data support further study of TDF-based regimens in simplified combinations of antiviral agents as initial treatment for chronic HIV-1 infection.