gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency: plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in heterozygous and homozygous subjects and the effects of plasma infusion (1981)

Abstract. Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins have been studied in a kindred with familial apolipoprotein CII (apo CII) deficiency. As in two other recently documented pedigrees, apo CII deficiency appeared to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The homozygous state was characterized by gross fasting hypertriglyceridaemia, complete absence of apo CII from plasma and failure of plasma to activate lipoprotein lipase. Post‐heparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was normal. Hypertriglyceridaemia reflected chylomicronaemia and elevated Sf 100–400 and Sf 20–100 lipoprotein concentrations; lipoproteins of Sf 12–20 (LDL 1 ), Sf 0–12 (LDL 2 ), F 1.2 3.5–9 (HDL 2 ) and F 1.2 0–3.5 (HDL 3 ) were greatly reduced in concentration. Low density lipoproteins (1.006–1.063 g/ml), isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation, and high density lipoproteins, isolated by heparin/Mn ++ , were triglyceride‐enriched. Electroimmunoassays revealed additionally low plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins AI, AII and B and very high concentrations of apolipoproteins CIII and E in the homozygote. The parents of the proband (heterozygotes) were normotriglyceridaemic, and had normal lipoprotein lipid concentrations and normal apolipoprotein AI, AII, B, CIII and E concentrations, in spite of having low apo CII concentrations. Activation of lipoprotein lipase in the homozygote by intravenous infusion of 200 ml fresh‐frozen plasma rapidly reduced the plasma concentrations of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Within VLDL, the decrease in concentration occurred sequentially in the Sf 100–400 and Sf 20–100 subclasses. These changes were associated during a 4‐day study period with reciprocal increases in LDL 1 , LDL 2 , HDL 2 and HDL 3 . The plasma concentrations of apo AI and apo B also increased, associated with a less marked fall in that of apo CIII; the apo AII and apo E concentrations were unchanged. These observations support other evidence that apo CII is a cofactor for the catabolism of chylomicrons and both major subfractions of VLDL by lipoprotein lipase in man, and that human LDL 1 and LDL 2 are derived, at least in part, from triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein catabolism. They also suggest that both major subfractions of HDL acquire additional components during triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein catabolism. In normal subjects the plasma apo CII concentration appears to be greatly in excess of that required for adequate activation of lipoprotein lipase.
EATING SAFELY IN A DIRTY WORLD (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEATING SAFELY IN A DIRTY WORLDScience battles foodborne pathogens and speeds up bacterial detection methodsSOPHIE L. WILKINSONView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 45, 24–33Publication Date (Print):November 10, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 10 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n045.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n045.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Food Get e-Alerts
Fabrication and Characterization of PZT Fibered-Epitaxial Thin Film on Si for Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (2018)

This paper presents a fibered-epitaxial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film with intermediate features between the monocrystalline and polycrystalline thin films for piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (pMUT). The grain boundaries confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, but it still maintained the in-plane epitaxial relationship found by X-ray diffraction analyses. The dielectric constant (<i>ε<sub>r</sub></i><sub>33</sub> = 500) was relatively high compared to those of the monocrystalline thin films, but was lower than those of conventional polycrystalline thin films near the morphotropic phase boundary composition. The fundamental characterizations were evaluated through the operation tests of the prototyped pMUT with the fibered-epitaxial thin film. As a result, its piezoelectric coefficient without poling treatment was estimated to be <i>e</i><sub>31,<i>f</i></sub> = -10⁻-11 C/m², and thus reasonably high compared to polycrystalline thin films. An appropriate poling treatment increased <i>e</i><sub>31,<i>f</i></sub> and decreased <i>ε<sub>r</sub></i><sub>33</sub>. In addition, this unique film was demonstrated to be mechanically tougher than the monocrystalline thin film. It has the potential ability to become a well-balanced piezoelectric film with both high signal-to-noise ratio and mechanical toughness for pMUT.
Absolute Color Rendering (1974)

Since the proposed index to rate the color rendering properties of light sources, there has been a desire on the part of many individuals, especially those concerned with marketing lamps, to put this on an absolute basis. This would allow all lamps to be rated on the same base line thus allowing, for example, the direct comparison of the color rendering properties of a warm white and a daylight lamp. In this paper a method of doing this is presented, followed by the reasons why this serves no useful purpose.
[Cell adhesion molecules and the immune system]. (1995)

Cellular interactions are controlled by complex mechanisms which come into play at the receptors on the cell surface (adhesion molecules: selectins, integrins, superfamily of immunoglobulins), the soluble cell mediators (cytokines) and the components of the tissue matrix (fibronectin, collagen, etc.). Disturbance of one of these systems may induce a pathological condition. The physiological state of the individual therefore depends on the balance of all these components. In the development of inflammation, adhesion molecules play an essential role in the localisation of the inflammatory response. At this level, the vascular endothelium, a governing barrier for the exchanges between blood and the tissues, plays an active part in regulation of the transcapillary permeability, control of proliferation of haematopoietic cells and the phases of the inflammatory response. After they have marginated, the active cells migrate by diapedesis towards the site of inflammation by creation of chemotactic signals as the adhesion between the cells is insufficient to induce their migration. The adherence phenomena depend on a process that is strictly controlled by the cytokines and enable intervention of cell-cell reactions and cell-protein recognition of the extra-cellular matrix. Cytokines play a key role in control of the expression and/or avidity of membrane receptors for ligand(s). An appropriate and rapid response of the circulating cells depends on coordination of the train of events that regulate the functional expression of the adhesion molecules. Use of specific antibodies that prevent cell adherence opens very important therapeutic possibilities because a single blockage of cell adhesion can have an immediate direct impact on development of the inflammatory response.
A mechanism of the thearubigin fraction of black tea (camellia sinensis) extract protecting against the effect of tetanus toxin. (2002)

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of black tea extract's thearubigin fraction against the action of tetanus toxin. The effects of thearubigin fraction extracted from a black tea infusion were examined for neuromuscular blocking action on tetanus toxin in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations and on the binding of this toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparations of rat cerebral cortices. The interaction between tetanus toxin and thearubigin fraction was also investigated. Tetanus toxin (4 micrograms/ml) abolished indirect twitches in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations within 150 min. Thearubigin fraction mixed with tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing iodinated toxin with thearubigin fraction inhibited the specific binding of [125I]tetanus toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparation. The effects of thearubigin fraction were dose-dependent. The elution profile of [125I]tetanus toxin on Sephadex G-50 column chromatography was different from that of toxin mixed with thearubigin fraction. These findings indicate that thearubigin fraction protects against the action of tetanus toxin by binding with the toxin.
Comparisons of QoS from user's perspective; which provides better utility to users, best effort or reservation-based services? (1999)

The conventional Internet has only provided the best-effort service, which does not offer any QoS (quality-of-service) guarantees. However, previous developments of multimedia applications require QoS guarantees for real-time transfers, which eventually introduced reservation-based protocols. However, it is pointed out that reservation-based protocols such as RSVP have several drawbacks such as a scalability problem. We introduce user's utility to quantify QoS, and it is used to compare the best-effort and reservation-based services to discuss which service gives a better solution for real-time applications and data applications. By extending our previous results, we discuss the worst utility that the user experiences during the connection in this paper. The tandem network model is also treated to investigate the effect of multiple link systems on both services.
European Water Treatment Practices — The Promise of Biological Activated Carbon (1978)

Bacterial growths occur in all granulated activated carbon columns. In fact, it is difficult to prevent such growths. The Germans now deliberately foster aerobic bacterial growth by providing large quantities of dissolved oxygen. At the same time, ozonation converts many of the dissolved organics present in the raw water to smaller molecules that are biodegradable. These molecules now become food for the bacteria on the carbon. The so-called biological activated carbon (BAC) also absorbs those organics not readily attacked by ozone. Once adsorbed onto carbon, the bacteria degrade them at their leisure. As this occurs, the adsorption capability of the carbon is replaced. Thus, the bacteria regenerate or reactive the carbon in-situ . For polluted raw waters, ozone coupled with activated carbon appears to be the best technique for reduction of organic concentrations in drinking water. Carbon beds would have to be regenerated only once every two or three years, thereby reducing regeneration costs.
Activities of immunosuppressive agents in vitro. II. Different timing of azathioprine and methotrexate in inhibition and stimulation of mixed lymphocyte reaction. (1972)

Azathioprine (AZ) and Methotrexate (MTX) inhibit thymidine incorporation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. AZ is active only when introduced in the culture during the first 24 hr, whereas MTX is still active when introduced at day 4. These data indicate that AZ might act on antigen recognition by T cells, as previously suggested by its effects on inhibition of rosette formation, and not on cell proliferation, as MTX probably does. Stimulation of thymidine incorporation has been observed at low drug concentrations, especially when the drugs were added more than 24 hr after the beginning of the culture, and most particularly for MTX added 6 days after start of the culture.
Drosophila Muscleblind Is Involved in troponin T Alternative Splicing and Apoptosis (2008)

Taken together our genetic approach identify cellular processes influenced by Muscleblind function, whereas in vivo and cell culture experiments define Drosophila troponin T as a new Muscleblind target, reveal a potential involvement of MblC in programmed cell death and recognize the FKRP motif as a putative regulator of MblC function and/or subcellular location in the cell.
A Wideband CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Employing Noise and IM2 Distortion Cancellation for a Digital TV Tuner (2009)

A wideband CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with single-ended input and output employing noise and IM2 distortion cancellation for a digital terrestrial and cable TV tuner is presented. By adopting a noise canceling structure combining a common source amplifier and a common gate amplifier by current amplification, the LNA obtains a low noise figure and high IIP3. IIP2 as well as IIP3 of the LNA is important in broadband systems, especially digital terrestrial and cable TV applications. Accordingly, in order to overcome the poor IIP2 performance of conventional LNAs with single-ended input and output and avoid the use of external and bulky passive transformers along with high sensitivity, an IM2 distortion cancellation technique exploiting the complementary RF performance of NMOS and PMOS while retaining thermal noise canceling is adopted in the LNA. The proposed LNA is implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS process and achieves a power gain of 14 dB, an average noise figure of 3 dB, an IIP3 of 3 dBm, an IIP2 of 44 dBm at maximum gain, and S11 of under -9 dB in a frequency range from 50 MHz to 880 MHz. The power consumption is 34.8 mW at 2.2 V and the chip area is 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Dispersion-flattened fiber for efficient supercontinuum generation (2003)

Summary form only given. We investigated dispersion-flattened fiber design for broadband supercontinuum (SC) generation. We found that low dispersion fiber can be sensitive to fiber inhomogeneities. A dispersion-flattened fiber design that compromises between a relatively high dispersion, assuring robustness against manufacturing inhomogeneities, and high nonlinear coefficient, for reducing the required power, is a suitable design for broadband SC generation. Such a fiber design could lead to a broadband spectrum generation able to cover the full C- and L-band under reasonable power requirement.
Extraction of the volatile oil in chamomile flowerheads using supercritical carbon dioxide (1990)

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the possibilities of enriching the most volatile chamomile ( Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) compounds in extracts by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and to analyse them by headspace gas chromatography (HSGC). HSGC was combined with mass spectrometry for identification of the compounds. The present study shows that extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide is a convenient method for isolating volatile oils. Also the most volatile components of essential oils, that are normally lost during isolation, can be enriched in an extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor with a Large Red-Shift in Emission:  Cu(II)-Only Sensing by Deprotonation of Secondary Amines as Receptor Conjugated to Naphthalimide Fluorophore (2005)

[reaction: see text] A new fluorescent probe N-butyl-4,5-di[2-(phenylamino)ethylamino]-1,8-naphthalimide 1 senses only Cu(II) among heavy and transition metal (HTM) ions by means of a colorimetric (primrose yellow to pink) method with a large red-shift in emission (green to red) attributed to the deprotonation of the secondary amines as a receptor conjugated to the naphthalimide fluorophore.
Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and immune response in the subretinal space. (1998)

Systemic immunity appeared to exert a slow but significant influence in the subretinal space. Therefore, in planning future trials involving human subjects, the immunologically privileged status of the subretinal space should be regarded as imperfect.
Formation of Acetylene from Coal by Argon-Hydrogen and Hydrogen Plasmas (1967)

前報でアルゴンプラズマによる石炭からアセチレンの生成について報告したが,引き続き装置を若干改造し,アルゴン-水素および水素プラズマを用いて,プラズマガスとしてのアルゴンガス中の水素濃度,水素プラズマのさいの水素流量,石炭化度がアセチレン生成に及ぼす影響について調べた。実験結果の大要はつぎのとおりである。(1)アルゴンプラズマよりも水素プラズマの方が石炭よりアセチレンを生成するのに有利である。(2)赤平炭を試料とし,水素プラズマで水素流量60l/min,アーク容量11kW,試料供給速度5.2g/minの時に今回の実験で最も良い結果を得た。そのさいにアセチレンへの炭素変換率65%,電力1kWh当りのアセチレン収量15gを得た。(3)試料炭としては高揮発分炭で酸素の少ない石炭がアセチレン生成に適している。(4)メタンは石炭化度にかかわらず,いずれの石炭の場合にも非常に少ない。また一酸化炭素は酸素の多い石炭ほど多い。(5)プラズマガスも加えた全ガス中におけるアセチレンの濃度は最高3.8%であった。
Acceleration mechanism in vacuum arc centrifuges (1996)

The azimuthal component of the force, which establishes rotation in vacuum arc centrifuges, is investigated. It is found that the design of the anode grid is one important factor influencing rotation. A range of tungsten-wire grids have been studied experimentally in a vacuum centrifuge operating with a magnesium cathode, and angular velocities have been determined by cross correlation of voltage probe signals. It has been verified that angular velocity increases when grids with higher effective electrical resistivity are used, as predicted theoretically. Grid heating during the 14 ms operating pulse increases resistivity and should also increase angular velocity; this effect has been observed experimentally and agrees with predictions.
Oxygen concentration and protein source affect the development of preimplantation goat embryos in vitro (1991)

The effect of oxygen concentration and the source of protein in culture medium on the development of 2- to 4-cell goat embryos in vitro was investigated. Embryos were collected from superovulated Angora-Cashmere-cross goats 48 h after ovulation and cultured for 6 days in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium under one of two oxygen concentrations (20% or 7%) and in the presence of one of five protein sources; Miles bovine serum albumin (Miles BSA), Commonwealth Serum Laboratory bovine serum albumin (CSL BSA), goat serum (GS), fetal calf serum (FCS) and human serum (HS). In the presence of 20% oxygen the percentage of embryos reaching the expanded and/or hatched blastocyst stage in SOF medium containing Miles BSA was 29%, with a mean cell number per embryo of 28.1 +/- 6.0 (+/- s.e.m.). Use of an oxygen concentration of 7% significantly increased the percentage of embryos reaching this stage (80%, P less than 0.01) and the mean number of cells per embryo (65.3 +/- 8.2, P less than 0.01). The mean number of cells of the early-cleavage-stage embryos was significantly lower when the medium contained CSL BSA, GS or FCS (42.7 +/- 5.6, 29.0 +/- 6.1 and 21.3 +/- 3.2, respectively) than with Miles BSA (92.8 +/- 6.4) or HS (104.8 +/- 17.2) (P less than 0.01). Under 7% oxygen and with Miles BSA or HS, embryos were morphologically comparable to those developed in vivo, but the mean cell numbers in vitro were only approximately half those obtained in vivo.
The <i>Methanosarcina barkeri</i> Genome: Comparative Analysis with <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i> and <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> Reveals Extensive Rearrangement within Methanosarcinal Genomes (2006)

ABSTRACT We report here a comparative analysis of the genome sequence of Methanosarcina barkeri with those of Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei . The genome of M. barkeri is distinguished by having an organization that is well conserved with respect to the other Methanosarcina spp. in the region proximal to the origin of replication, with interspecies gene similarities as high as 95%. However, it is disordered and marked by increased transposase frequency and decreased gene synteny and gene density in the distal semigenome. Of the 3,680 open reading frames (ORFs) in M. barkeri , 746 had homologs with better than 80% identity to both M. acetivorans and M. mazei , while 128 nonhypothetical ORFs were unique (nonorthologous) among these species, including a complete formate dehydrogenase operon, genes required for N -acetylmuramic acid synthesis, a 14-gene gas vesicle cluster, and a bacterial-like P450-specific ferredoxin reductase cluster not previously observed or characterized for this genus. A cryptic 36-kbp plasmid sequence that contains an orc1 gene flanked by a presumptive origin of replication consisting of 38 tandem repeats of a 143-nucleotide motif was detected in M. barkeri . Three-way comparison of these genomes reveals differing mechanisms for the accrual of changes. Elongation of the relatively large M. acetivorans genome is the result of uniformly distributed multiple gene scale insertions and duplications, while the M. barkeri genome is characterized by localized inversions associated with the loss of gene content. In contrast, the short M. mazei genome most closely approximates the putative ancestral organizational state of these species.
Genome: The Autobiography of a Species In 23 Chapters (1999)

From the author of the critically acclaimed and best-selling The Red Queen and The Origins of Virtue, Genome is set to be the most important investigation of genetic science since The Selfish Gene. The genome is our 100,000 or so genes. The genome is the collective recipe for the building and running of the human body. These 100,000 genes are sited across 23 pairs of chromosomes. Genome, a book of about 100,000 words, is divided into 23 chapters, a chapter for each chromosome. The first chromosome, for example, contains our oldest genes, genes which we have in common with plants. By looking at our genes we can see the story of our evolution, what makes us individual, how our sexuality is determined, how we acquire language, why we are vunerable to certain diseases, how mind has arisen. Genome also argues for the genetic foundations of free will. While many believe that genetics proves biological determinism, Ridley will show that in fact free will is itself in the genes. Everything that makes us human can be read in our genes. Early in the next century we will have determined the function of every one of these 100,000 genes.