gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activator protein‐1 signalling pathway and apoptosis are modulated by poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 in experimental colitis (2004)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is activated in response to DNA injury in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and has been implicated in intestinal barrier dysfunction during inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study we investigated whether PARP-1 may regulate the inflammatory response of experimental colitis at the level of signal transduction mechanisms. Mice genetically deficient of PARP-1 (PARP-1(-/-)) and wild-type littermates were subjected to rectal instillation of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS). Signs of inflammation were monitored for 14 days. In wild-type mice, TNBS treatment resulted in colonic ulceration and marked apoptosis, which was associated with decreased colon content of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, whereas the proapoptotic Bax was unchanged. Elevated levels of plasma nitrate/nitrite, metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), were also found. These inflammatory events were associated with activation of c-Jun-NH(2) terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylation of c-Jun and activation of the nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in the colon. In contrast, PARP-1(-/-) mice exhibited a significant reduction of colon damage and apoptosis, which was associated with increased colonic expression of Bcl-2 and lower levels of plasma nitrate/nitrite when compared to wild-type mice. Amelioration of colon damage was associated with a significant reduction of the activation of JNK and reduction of the DNA binding of AP-1. The data indicate that PARP-1 exerts a pathological role in colitis possibly by regulating the early stress-related transcriptional response through a positive modulation of the AP-1 and JNK pathways.
Deadbeat Control for Electrical Drives: A Robust and Performant Design Based on Differential Flatness (2014)

The present contribution introduces a new deadbeat controller design that increases robustness without compromising performance. In conventional deadbeat control, feedback linearization is applied, and the feedback gains are set very high to obtain the minimum-step reference response. This makes the control method highly sensitive to parametric uncertainties. To date, the only remedies have been to tune the deadbeat controller settling time higher and the according disturbance estimator more slowly. Recently proposed remedies based on online parameter estimators show either moderate performance or higher demands on hardware. Therefore, first a feedforward linearization-based controller is introduced to obtain the desired reference response via open-loop control. Thereby, the parametric sensitivity is considerably improved. Then, the new generalized flatness-based controller, a mix between feedback and feedforward linearization, is proposed. The result is a deadbeat controller with high dynamic performance and high robustness with respect to both parameter uncertainties and disturbances. The experimental results on an induction machine demonstrate very fast reference tracking, high robustness to typical parameter uncertainties, and active compensation of time-varying disturbances. The results on a synchronous reluctance machine show that even very large inductance uncertainties can be handled.
Towards Application Portability in Platform as a Service (2014)

Cloud Computing has been one of the most vibrant topics in the last years. Especially Platform as a Service (PaaS) is said to be a game changer for future application development. Taking away most of the configuration work, it pledges to foster rapid application development which seems even more important in a world of complex scalable distributed systems. Whereas Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is in the process of consolidation and standardization, the PaaS market is largely fragmented offering varying ecosystem capabilities. In this situation, application portability is a major concern for companies utilizing PaaS to avoid vendor lock-in and to retain the ability for future strategical decisions. To categorize portability problems of PaaS, we define a model of current PaaS offerings and identify different portability perspectives. Starting from the model, we derive a standardized profile with a common set of capabilities that can be found among PaaS providers and matched with one another to check application portability based on ecosystem capabilities. We validate our findings with a comprehensive data set of 68 PaaS offerings together with a web-based application for portability matching. We also identify further portability problems by porting the application to different PaaS vendors, validating ecosystem portability and giving hints for future research directions.
Cinnabaramides A−G:  Analogues of Lactacystin and Salinosporamide from a Terrestrial Streptomycete (2007)

The cinnabaramides A-G (1-7) were isolated from a terrestrial strain of Streptomyces as potent and selective inhibitors of the human 20S proteasome. Their chemical and biological properties resemble those of salinosporamide A, a recently identified lead compound from an obligate marine actinomycete, which is currently under development as an anticancer agent. Cinnabaramides F and G (6, 7) combine essential structural features of salinosporamide A and lactacystin and show about equal potency in vitro, with IC50 values in the 1 nM range. The properties and phylogenetic position of the producer organism, the production and isolation of compounds 1-7, their structure elucidation by MS and NMR, and their biological activities are reported. Additionally, an X-ray crystal structure was obtained from cinnabaramide A (1).
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF INSULIN IN THE RAT (1959)

The intestinal absorption of insulin in the rat has been investigated. Amorphous zinc-free insulin and proteolytic inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor and diisopropylfluorophosphate) were injected into ligated sections of jejunum and absorption of insulin measured by the concomitant depression of blood glucose. The effect on insulin absorption of previously injected indole-3-acetate was alsodetermined. Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) is effective as a depressant of insulin digestion and biologically active insulin is absorbed in small quantities in the presence of this inhibitor. Soybean trypsin inhibitor is not effective. Intraperoneal injection of indole-3-acetate one hour previous to the intestinal administration of insulin and DFP enhances the hypoglycemic action of absorbed insulin. Using an everted sac technique, insulin was shown to pass through the intestinal wall. This wasdemonstrated by chromatographing the sac contents and by the hypoglycemic action of the sac contents when injected into normal rats.
Visual Analysis of Cloud Computing Performance Using Behavioral Lines (2016)

Cloud computing is an essential technology to Big Data analytics and services. A cloud computing system is often comprised of a large number of parallel computing and storage devices. Monitoring the usage and performance of such a system is important for efficient operations, maintenance, and security. Tracing every application on a large cloud system is untenable due to scale and privacy issues. But profile data can be collected relatively efficiently by regularly sampling the state of the system, including properties such as CPU load, memory usage, network usage, and others, creating a set of multivariate time series for each system. Adequate tools for studying such large-scale, multidimensional data are lacking. In this paper, we present a visual based analysis approach to understanding and analyzing the performance and behavior of cloud computing systems. Our design is based on similarity measures and a layout method to portray the behavior of each compute node over time. When visualizing a large number of behavioral lines together, distinct patterns often appear suggesting particular types of performance bottleneck. The resulting system provides multiple linked views, which allow the user to interactively explore the data by examining the data or a selected subset at different levels of detail. Our case studies, which use datasets collected from two different cloud systems, show that this visual based approach is effective in identifying trends and anomalies of the systems.
Anti-Oxidative Effects of Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis) on Immobilization-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain (2014)

Exposure to chronic psychological stress may be related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals, and thus, long-term exposure to high levels of oxidative stress may cause the accumulation of oxidative damage and eventually lead to many neurodegenerative diseases. Compared with other organs, the brain appears especially susceptible to excessive oxidative stress due to its high demand for oxygen. In the case of excessive ROS production, endogenous defense mechanisms against ROS may not be sufficient to suppress ROS-associated oxidative damage. Dietary antioxidants have been shown to protect neurons against a variety of experimental neurodegenerative conditions. In particular, Rooibos tea might be a good source of antioxidants due to its larger proportion of polyphenolic compounds. An optimal animal model for stress should show the features of a stress response and should be able to mimic natural stress progression. However, most animal models of stress, such as cold-restraint, electric foot shock, and burn shock, usually involve physical abuse in addition to the psychological aspects of stress. Animals subjected to chronic restraint or immobilization are widely believed to be a convenient and reliable model to mimic psychological stress. Therefore, in the present study, we propose that immobilization-induced oxidative stress was significantly attenuated by treatment with Rooibos tea. This conclusion is demonstrated by Rooibos tea's ability to (i) reverse the increase in stress-related metabolites (5-HIAA and FFA), (ii) prevent lipid peroxidation (LPO), (iii) restore stress-induced protein degradation (PD), (iv) regulate glutathione metabolism (GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio), and (v) modulate changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT).
SELECTIVE HALOGENATION OF AROMATICS BY DIMETHYL-DIOXIRANE AND HALOGEN IONS (2001)

The oxidation of halogen anions by dimethyldioxirane (DMD) produced reactive species which led, in acidic media, to the halogenation of activated aromatic rings. The reaction can be efficiently controlled to obtain selective and mixed halogenated species.
Current-voltage characteristics of a gas field ion source with a supertip (1990)

The field ionization properties of a supertip, a fine protrusion on top of a regular emitter, have been studied for hydrogen and the lighter rare gases. The parameter set included tip temperature, tip radius, gas temperature and gas pressure. Due to the local field enhancement at the supertip site, angular current intensities of 35 mu A sr-1 and values of brightness up to 1010 A cm-2 sr-1 have been obtained near the optimum temperature of the gas-tip system. At temperatures below this, the gas density reaches values typical for a condensed phase. In geometrical proportion, the regular tip area appears to serve as a gas supply for the supertip current
Determination of Ocular Toxicity in Multiple Applications of Foscarnet Iontophoresis (1997)

This is the first study of multiple applications of drug iontophoresis in the eye. We repeated ocular foscarnet iontophoresis in 10 eyes of 10 rabbits every third day at the same paralimbal site for a total of seven applications over a period of 21 days to determine the efficacy and toxicity of multiple applications of ocular foscarnet iontophoresis. Mean vitreous human foscarnet concentration of 189 +/- 50.6 microM (SD) was achieved four hours after the seventh consecutive iontophoretic application over a period of twenty-one days. These levels were within the therapeutic range (25-800 microM) for the treatment of CMV retinitis and comparable to the intravitreal foscarnet concentrations achieved in eyes treated with a only a single application of ocular iontophoresis. Electroretinography (ERG) and Slit-lamp biomicroscopy responses revealed no evidence of ocular toxicity. Indirect ophthalmoscopy of the retinas and gross examinations of the calottes revealed a single, small burn in the retina and choroid corresponding to the application site of the iontophoresis probe similar to the lesion resulting from a single application of iontophoresis. Light and electron microscopy revealed local tissue injury and fibrosis at the iontophoresis site, but adjacent areas were unaffected.
Don't Break the Wellhead (2005)

Abstract Drilling and workover rigs use a drawworks to pull up on the tubulars deployed into a well. The drawworks is attached to a mast or derrick, which in turn is supported by the ground or a floating vessel. The tubular's weight is not transferred to the wellhead. Coiled Tubing uses an injector head, instead of a drawworks, to pull and push tubing in and out of a well. The injector is generally mounted directly onto the wellhead, unavoidably transferring some of the reactive loads to the wellhead. These loads can be very substantial. They not only include the tubing's weight in the well but also loads generated by the Coiled Tubing on surface, that tubing which is being bent and pulled sideways. Often additional support is required to at least partially isolate these loads from the wellhead. This paper identifies the various loads that Coiled Tubing imparts to a wellhead and how support mechanisms provide protection to the wellhead.
Direct correlation between the load of Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of pediatric transplant patients and risk of lymphoproliferative disease (1994)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to cause posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in immunosuppressed transplant patients. The results of this pilot study showed that all EBV- patients pretransplant experienced primary EBV infection within the first 3 months after transplant surgery. Virtually all of these patients had a higher burden of EBV-infected cells in their peripheral blood (PB) after infection by EBV than did the EBV+ pretransplant group when tested at the same intervals posttransplant. Salivary EBV titers also increased in most patients, but the difference between the two groups was statistically significant only at 12 months, whereupon EBV+ patients showed higher titers compared with EBV- (alpha < 0.053). Also, polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by Southern blotting was performed to detect EBV sequences in PB mononuclear cells. This technique allowed confirmation of the blood culture results and constituted a faster alternative compared with the culture assay. The highest increase in the number of EBV-infected lymphocytes at 3 months posttransplant obtained from PB was seen in a patient who developed fatal PTLD and in another with protracted infectious mononucleosis. Thus, the number of EBV-infected cells in PB was found to correlate positively with risk of development of PTLD at 3 months posttransplant in our group of pediatric transplant patients. This study showed that quantitative lymphocyte culture of PB was an accurate index of immunosuppression and a reliable method for assessing the risk of PTLD development.
Growth, Governance, and Fiscal Policy Transmission Channels in Low-Income Countries (2003)

The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
NLOS Mitigation for TOA Location Based on a Modified Deterministic Model (2008)

Wireless location becomes difficult due to contamination of measured time‐of‐arrival (TOA) caused by non‐line‐of‐sight. In this letter, TOA measurements seen at base stations are adjusted by scale factors, and a modified deterministic model is built. An effective numerical solution is proposed to resolve the scale factors and mobile position. A simulation comparison of four algorithms indicates that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms.
ATM and fast Ethernet network interfaces for user-level communication (2002)

Fast Ethernet and ATM are two attractive network technologies for interconnecting workstation clusters for parallel and distributed computing. This paper compares network interfaces with and without programmable co-processors for the two types of networks using the U-Net communication architecture to provide low-latency and high-bandwidth communication. U-Net provides protected, user-level access to the network interface and offers application-level round-trip latencies as low as 60 /spl mu/sec over Fast Ethernet and 90 /spl mu/sec over ATM. The design of the network interface and the underlying network fabric have a large bearing on the U-Net design and performance. Network interfaces with programmable co-processors can transfer data directly to and from user space while others require aid from the operating system kernel. The paper provides detailed performance analysis of U-Net for Fast Ethernet and ATM, including application-level performance on a set of Split-C parallel benchmarks. These results show that high-performance computing is possible on a network of PCs connected via Fast Ethernet.
Module a bobinages de gradients plats tridimensionnels et a antenne refroidie pour l'irm a haute resolution spatiale (1992)

Ce travail presente la mise en uvre de l'imagerie a haute resolution spatiale sur un imageur par resonance magnetique nucleaire a 0,1 tesla. Le but est d'obtenir des images de la surface du corps humain in vivo, avec une resolution spatiale de 100 microns, tout en conservant une bonne qualite d'image. L'intensite du champ magnetique de l'imageur etant faible, la sensibilite de l'appareil est insuffisante pour obtenir des images a haute resolution ayant un bon rapport signal sur bruit. La solution adoptee dans ce travail a consiste a developper un module specifique pour la haute resolution, qui peut se connecter en option sur l'imageur de depart. Le module comprend un systeme de gradients de champ magnetique plat, qui conserve un large acces du patient dans l'imageur, et qui produit des intensites de gradients superieures au systemes standard, avec des temps de commutation plus courts. Les antennes de reception radiofrequence, egalement integrees dans le module, sont refroidies a la temperature de l'azote liquide pour diminuer leur bruit. Deux types d'antennes sont decrites: des antennes en cuivre et des antennes en materiau supraconducteur a haute temperature critique. Les sequences d'imagerie utilisees avec ce module sont des sequences d'imagerie rapide refocalisees, dont la forte sensibilite aux defauts d'homogeneite du champ principal est reduite dans le cas des champs de vue faibles de la haute resolution. Des images a haute resolution spatiale du poignet, de l'il, et de la peau du corps humain, obtenues a 0,1 t avec le module haute resolution, sont presentees. Des structures de 100 microns, visualisees sur des images de la peau du dos in vivo, valident les possibilites et la qualite des images fournies par le module
Lipopolysaccharides of the Heddleston serotypes of Pasteurella multocida (1984)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from 13 of the 16 Heddleston serotypes of Pasteurella multocida by phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP). Serotypes 3, 9, and 13 were extracted only by phenol-water (PW). After extraction of LPS of serotype 9 by PW, an additional LPS was isolated by PCP. All LPS contained glucose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, and heptose. Two isomers of heptose, D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, were found in serotypes 2 and 5. Antisera made against purified LPS of serotypes 2 and 5 reacted with both heat-stable antigens and LPS from serotypes 2 and 5 in the gel-diffusion precipitin test. Antisera against serotype 2 LPS protected turkeys against challenge with capsulated serotype 5, indicating that a structural relationship exists between LPS of strains that cause hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera. Rhamnose was a component of serotype 9 LPS, and galactose was found in all LPS, except for serotype 11. The LPS of serotype 13 contained an isomer of heptose that has not been identified. The LPS had buoyant densities in CsCl of 1.40 +/- 0.0148 g/ml, and all hemagglutinated chicken and turkey, but not sheep or horse, RBC.
The oxidative stress theory of disease: levels of evidence and epistemological aspects (2016)

This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
Evaluation of Human and Bovine Modified-Hemoglobin Solution as Oxygen-Carrying Fluid for Blood Volume Replacement (1988)

(1988). Evaluation of Human and Bovine Modified-Hemoglobin Solution as Oxygen-Carrying Fluid for Blood Volume Replacement. Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Artificial Organs: Vol. 16, No. 1-3, pp. 77-83.
Assessment of the integral membrane protein topology in living cells (2006)

Summary The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) phenomenon has been successfully applied for in vivo protein–protein interaction studies and protein tagging analysis. Here we report a novel BiFC‐based technique for investigation of integral membrane protein topology in living plant cells. This technique relies on the formation of a fluorescent complex between a non‐fluorescent fragment of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) targeted into a specific cellular compartment and a counterpart fragment attached to the integral membrane protein N‐ or C‐terminus or inserted into the internal loop(s). We employed this technique for topological studies of beet yellows virus‐encoded p6 membrane‐embedded movement protein, a protein with known topology, and the potato mop‐top virus‐encoded integral membrane TGBp2 protein with predicted topology. The results confirm that p6 is a type III integral transmembrane protein. Using a novel method, the central hydrophilic region of TGBp2 was localized into the ER lumen, whereas the N‐ and C‐termini localized to the cytosol. We conclude that the BiFC‐based reporter system for membrane protein topology analysis is a relatively fast and efficient method that can be used for high‐throughput analysis of proteins integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum in living plant cells.