gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A conditional access system with efficient key distribution and revocation for mobile pay-TV systems (2013)

Current mobile pay-TV systems have two types of Conditional Access Systems (CAS): group-key-based and public-key systems. The best feature of group-key-based systems is the ability to enjoy the broadcast nature in delivery multimedia contents, while the major advantage of public-key systems is consolidating the security foundation to withstand various attacks, such as collusion attacks. However, the problems of group-key-based systems include collusion attacks, lack of nonrepudiation, and troublesome key distribution. Even worse, the benefit of broadcast efficiency is confined to a group size of no more than 512 subscribers. For public-key systems, the poor delivery scalability is the major shortcoming because the unique private key feature is only suitable for one-to-one delivery. In this article, we introduce a scalable access control scheme to integrate the merits of broadcasting regardless of group size and sound security assurance, including fine-grained access control and collusion attack resistance. For subscriber revocation, a single message is broadcast to the other subscribers to get the updated key, thus significantly boosting subscriber revocation scalability. Due to mobile subscribers' dynamic movements, this article also analyzes the benefit of retransmission cases in our system. Through the performance evaluation and functionality comparison, the proposed scheme should be a decent candidate to enhance the security strength and transmission efficiency in a mobile pay-TV system.
Brain Extracellular Matrix in Neurodegeneration (2008)

The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in neurological development, function and degeneration has evolved from a simplistic physical adhesion to a system of intricate cellular signaling. While most cells require ECM adhesion to survive, it is now clear that differentiated function is intimately dependent upon cellular interaction with the ECM. Therefore, it is not surprising that the ECM is increasingly found to be involved in the enigmatic process of neurodegeneration. Descriptive studies of human neurodegenerative disorders and experimental studies of animal models of neurodegeneration have begun to define potential mechanisms of ECM disruption that can lead to synaptic and neuronal loss.
A Comparison Study of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline With Plasma Levels (1977)

Forty-one depressed outpatients were treated for six weeks after random assignment to amitriptyline hydrochloride (N = 22) or nortriptyline hydrochloride (N = 19). On a mean daily dose of 119 mg, amitriptyline-treated patients had a mean tricyclic level (amitriptyline plus nortriptyline) of 120 ng/ml. Nortriptyline-treated patients on a mean dose of 117 mg/day had a mean nortriptyline level of 141 ng/ml. The two drugs were equally effective in the treatment of depression. The correlation between the Hamilton Score and the mean tricyclic level was negative in the amitriptyline-treated patients (r = -0.54, P less than .025) and positive in the nortriptyline-treated patients (r = -0.49, P less than .05). Patients treated with amitriptyline or nortriptyline with plasma levels within the therapeutic range, defined in other laboratories, had a better response, as measured by the Hamilton Score (P less than .001), Zung Score (P less than .01), and percent recovered (P less than .001), than those above or below the therapeutic range.
Distributed scheduling scheme for video streaming over multi-channel multi-radio multi-hop wireless networks (2010)

An important issue of supporting multi-user video streaming over wireless networks is how to optimize the systematic scheduling by intelligently utilizing the available network resources while, at the same time, to meet each video's Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. In this work, we study the problem of video streaming over multi-channel multi-radio multihop wireless networks, and develop fully distributed scheduling schemes with the goals of minimizing the video distortion and achieving certain fairness. We first construct a general distortion model according to the network¿s transmission mechanism, as well as the rate distortion characteristics of the video. Then, we formulate the scheduling as a convex optimization problem, and propose a distributed solution by jointly considering channel assignment, rate allocation, and routing. Specifically, each stream strikes a balance between the selfish motivation of minimizing video distortion and the global performance of minimizing network congestions. Furthermore, we extend the proposed scheduling scheme by addressing the fairness problem. Unlike prior works that target at users' bandwidth or demand fairness, we propose a media-aware distortion-fairness strategy which is aware of the characteristics of video frames and ensures max-min distortion-fairness sharing among multiple video streams. We provide extensive simulation results which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.
Quantum efficiency measurement of single-photon detectors using photon pairs generated in optical fibers (2010)

Using the correlated signal and idler photon pairs generated in a dispersion-shifted fiber by a pulsed pump, we measure the quantum efficiency of an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode-based single-photon detector. Since the collection efficiency of photon pairs is a key parameter to correctly deduce the quantum efficiency, we carefully characterize the collection efficiency by studying the correlation dependence of photon pairs on the spectra of pump, signal, and idler photons. This study allows us to obtain the quantum efficiency of the single-photon detector by using photon pairs with various kinds of bandwidth.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2013)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of life support technology whereby venous blood is oxygenated outside of the body and returned to the patient. ECMO was initially used as last-resort rescue therapy for patients with severe respiratory failure. Over the last four decades, it has developed into a safe, standard therapy for newborns with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, as a resuscitation therapy after cardiac arrest, and in combination with other treatments such as hypothermia and various blood filtration therapies. ECMO has also become routine for children and adults with all forms of cardiogenic shock and is also routine in early graft failure after transplantation. The one area of ongoing debate is the role of ECMO in adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure. As ECMO equipment becomes safer, earlier use improves patient outcomes. Several modifications of the two basic venovenous and venoarterial ECMO systems are now occurring, as are many minor variations in cannulation strategies and systems of care for patients receiving ECMO. The indications and situations in which ECMO have been tried continue to change, and ECMO for sub-acute and chronic illnesses is now commonplace, as is the use of ECMO in patients with clinical problems previously regarded as contraindications, such as sepsis, malignancy, and immunosuppression.
Phytosterol esters attenuate hepatic steatosis in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats fed a high-fat diet (2017)

Given the adverse effects of drugs used for NAFLD treatment, identifying novel and effective natural compound to prevent NAFLD is urgently needed. In the present study, the effects of phytosterol esters (PSEs) on NAFLD were explored. Adult SD rats were randomized into five groups: normal chow diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), low-, medium- and high-dose PSE treatment plus high-fat diet groups (PSEL, PSEM, and PSEH). Our results showed that the levels of LDL-C in the PSEL group and hepatic TG, TC, and FFA in the three PSEs groups were significantly decreased. Notably, the uric acid (UA) level was significantly decreased by PSEs intervention. The hepatic inflammatory stress was ameliorated via the inhibition of the cytokines, including TGF-β, IL-6, IL-10 and CRP in the PSEs intervention groups. Further, the oxidative status was improved by PSE treatment through adjusting the enzyme activity (SOD and XOD) and decreasing the MDA level. These beneficial effects of PSE may have been partly due to its regulation on the expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TNF-α, UCP-2, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ in hepatic tissue at both mRNA and protein level. The results of this study suggest that PSEs may be used as therapeutic agents for the prevention and progression of NAFLD and that hyperuricemia is induced by high-fat diet consumption.
Oligomerization of ETO Is Obligatory for Corepressor Interaction (2001)

Nearly 40% of cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) of the M2 subtype are due to a chromosomal translocation that combines a sequence-specific DNA binding protein, AML1, with a potent transcriptional repressor, ETO. ETO interacts with nuclear receptor corepressors SMRT and N-CoR, which recruit histone deacetylase to the AML1-ETO oncoprotein. SMRT-N-CoR interaction requires each of two zinc fingers contained in C-terminal Nervy homology region 4 (NHR4) of ETO. However, here we show that polypeptides containing NHR4 are insufficient for interaction with SMRT. NHR2 is also required for SMRT interaction and repression by ETO, as well as for inhibition of hematopoietic differentiation by AML1-ETO. NHR2 mediates oligomerization of ETO as well as AML1-ETO. Fusion of NHR4 polypeptide to a heterologous dimerization domain allows strong interaction with SMRT in vitro. These data support a model in which NHR2 and NHR4 have complementary functions in repression by ETO. NHR2 functions as an oligomerization domain bringing together NHR4 polypeptides that together form the surface required for high-affinity interaction with corepressors. As nuclear receptors also interact with corepressors as dimers, oligomerization may be a common mechanism regulating corepressor interactions.
Theoretical model of thin-film deposition profile with shadow effect (1979)

A theoretical model and a computational algorithm are presented for the shadow deposition of thin films through a generalized mask of finite dimensions in a vacuum environment. The computer model enables a theoretical study of the deposited-film-thickness profile from extended sources with shadow effect. Numerical evaluation of the masked deposition profile has been carried out to illustrate the film-profile dependences on several basic mask parameters. Using computer-aided design procedures, a deposition mask has been successfully constructed for the fabrication of precisely shaped thin-film Luneburg lenses for guided-optical-wave applications.
Detection and frequency estimation of narrow-band signals by means of the instantaneous-frequency distribution (IFD) (2003)

The instantaneous-frequency distribution (IFD) is an amplitude-invariant spectral representation applicable to signals such as speech. The performance of an IFD with time-averaging and squared-amplitude weighting as a narrow-band signal detector and frequency estimator, in comparison to the classical maximum-likelihood detector/estimator, is evaluated experimentally for a single-complex-pole Gaussian signal of known bandwidth but unknown center frequency, at known signal/noise ratio (SNR) in white Gaussian noise. It is concluded that the IFD is capable of detection and estimation performance approaching the theoretical optimum (i.e. that of maximum likelihood) to within the equivalent of a fraction of a dB degradation in SNR, at least over a range of signal bandwidths comparable to that of speech formants, for example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development and application of a laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator (2002)

A laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator (LaDEM) is introduced, and a micro-optical switch is designed and fabricated as an application. LaDEM offers parallel movement of the microactuator to the silicon substrate surface (in-plane mode). Polysilicon-on-insulator wafers and a reactive ion etching process were used to fabricate high-aspect-ratio vertical microstructures, which allowed the equipping of vertical micromirrors. A fabricated single leaf spring had a width of 1.2 μm, thickness of 16 μm, and length of 920 μm. The resistance of the fabricated leaf spring for the optical switch was 5 Ω. The deflection of the leaf spring started to profoundly increase at about 400 mA, and it showed snap-through phenomenon over that current value. Owing to the snap-through phenomenon, a large deflection of 60 μm was detected at 566 mA.
Evidence for the Presentation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–restricted Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Peptides to CD8+ T Lymphocytes (2004)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is expressed in all EBV-associated tumors, making it an important target for immunotherapy. However, evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted EBNA1 peptides endogenously presented by EBV-transformed B and tumor cells remains elusive. Here we describe for the first time the identification of an endogenously processed human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B8-restricted EBNA1 peptide that is recognized by CD8+ T cells. T cell recognition could be inhibited by the treatment of target cells with proteasome inhibitors that block the MHC class I antigen processing pathway, but not by an inhibitor (chloroquine) of MHC class II antigen processing. We also demonstrate that new protein synthesis is required for the generation of the HLA-B8 epitope for T cell recognition, suggesting that defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) are the major source of T cell epitopes. Experiments with protease inhibitors indicate that some serine proteases may participate in the degradation of EBNA1 DRiPs before they are further processed by proteasomes. These findings not only provide the first evidence of the presentation of an MHC class I-restricted EBNA1 epitope to CD8+ T cells, but also offer new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the processing and presentation of EBNA1.
An event-based framework for converged service provisioning (2002)

The paper describes an object-oriented event-based framework for provisioning services for the converging telecommunications networks and the Internet. The DOORS (distributed object operations) framework attempts to address several issues in protocol development, interoperability and distributed computing in heterogenous networks and telecommunications systems. The framework highlights a generic service platform, called Network Intelligence Middleware, as a means to interface with the disparate networks and systems. In addition, the platform is a controlling environment for provisioning the services in the network, guaranteeing the runtime robustness and scalability.
Role of Host and Bacterial Factors in Modulating Staphylococcal Adhesion to Implanted Polymer Surfaces (1990)

The aim of this paper is to describe some of the major interactions between host and bacterial factors, as promoters of adhesion and colonization of polymeric implants/devices by staphylococci
Characterization of Fibrinogen Glycosylation and Its Importance for Serum/Plasma <i>N</i>-Glycome Analysis (2012)

The majority of proteins present in human serum/plasma are glycoproteins, validating this fluid as an ideal starting material for N-glycan analysis and discovery of potential biomarkers. The glycoprotein content for both serum and plasma is very similar, except for proteins removed in the coagulation process, including fibrinogen. Our aim was to characterize fibrinogen glycosylation in order to determine its contribution to differences between serum and plasma N-glycomes. N-Glycans from human fibrinogen were released, labeled, and analyzed by HILIC-HPLC and MS. Structural characterization of fibrinogen subunits revealed that the α chain was not N-glycosylated, whereas β and γ contained identical oligosaccharide structures, mainly biantennary digalactosylated monosialylated structures (A2G2S1) and biantennary digalactosylated disialylated structures (A2G2S2). Blood was collected from five healthy volunteers into four testing tubes: silicone-coated glass for serum and EDTA, Na-heparin, and Li-heparin glass tubes for plasma. N-Glycans were analyzed using the high-throughput HILIC-HPLC method. N-Glycan profiles from serum and plasma samples differed largely in glycans identified in fibrinogen, suggesting that this glycoprotein represents a major factor distinguishing these body fluids. This result emphasizes the important of consistent body fluid collection practices in biomarker discovery studies.
Molecular Impact of the M184V Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase (2003)

The generation of drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) in vivo as well as in vitro is a consequence of the error proneness of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. During viral replication, RT copies the single-stranded RNA genome into double-stranded DNA. Due to the lack of 3′ exonuclease proofreading activity, the incorporation of missense nucleotides occurs at a relatively high frequency. The misincorporation rate of the RT enzyme ranges from 10−4 to 10−5, depending on the nature of the template and the source of the RT (4, 7, 31, 39, 54). During in vivo and in vitro selections, drug-resistant variants emerge; competition for replication then results in outgrowth of the fittest variant.

The M184V mutation in HIV-1 RT is associated with high-level resistance to the antiviral drug 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine (3TC) and has been extensively studied from the clinical, biological, and enzymatic perspectives. In fact, the first report of a change from a methionine to valine at residue 184 (M184V) in HIV was in regard to selection for resistance in tissue culture to didanosine (ddI) (23). Later, this mutation was shown to be responsible for both high-level resistance to 3TC (6, 17, 18, 22, 57, 63, 69) and low-level resistance to almost all the molecules that act as nucleoside analog RT inhibitors (NRTIs) (Table ​(Table1)1) (25, 53, 64). The appearance of the M184V substitution was found to be transiently preceded by another mutation, M184I, that also confers high-level resistance (about 1,000-fold) to 3TC (6) and occurs in patients treated with 3TC (58). Longitudinal sampling revealed a transient appearance of the M184I variant, which subsequently disappeared from the viral population due to the outgrowth of the M184V variant (3, 37). Eventual outgrowth of the M184V variant at the expense of M184I during therapy is consistent with superior RT polymerase function (3, 8, 11) and a higher viral replication rate of the M184V variant in primary cells (3). Inspection of the nucleotide sequences of both 3TC-resistant variants indicates that M184V (GTG) originates from wild-type (WT) Met (ATG) and not from the initial M184I variant (ATA) (34). Both variants are generated from the WT ATG sequence by transitional substitutions (G to A for 184I and A to G for 184V). The reason that M184I appears before M184V is that the G→A substitution is the type of mutation that most commonly occurs during HIV-1 replication (13, 24).



TABLE 1.

Resistance profile of the M184V mutation in RT
Prediction of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers. (1998)

This study examined the predictability of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers using 3 scales (Responsibility, Socialization, and Self-Control) of the California Psychological Inventory (H. G. Gough, 1995) that were hypothesized to assess the construct of conscientiousness, and 3 construct-oriented life history indices (drug use, criminal, work). Law enforcement officers were classified into disciplinary and control groups (n = 109 each), using a matched-case control study design. Mean differences between the 2 criterion groups on the 6 predictor variables were all statistically significant and in the hypothesized direction. The results are discussed in the context of conscientiousness as an explanatory construct, the relationship between life history and personality constructs, and methodological concerns in the development of construct-oriented life history indices.
Dilated heart failure in transgenic mice expressing the Epstein--Barr virus nuclear antigen-leader protein (1993)

The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-leader protein (EBNA-LP) is required for high efficiency B lymphocyte growth transformation by the virus. To test the potential contribution of EBNA-LP to tumorigenesis in vivo, we produced transgenic mice carrying an EBNA-LP cDNA construct, using the widely expressed metallothionein promoter. Expression of EBNA-LP was detected in liver, kidney, heart, lung and spleen. There were no apparent oncogenic consequences of EBNA-LP expression. Unexpectedly however, at ages ranging from about 4 months to over a year, transgenic mice developed symptoms of congestive heart failure, including left ventricular dilatation, right ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial thrombosis, pulmonary oedema and hydrothorax. Fibrillation was not apparent in the electrocardiograph; however a reduction in T-wave amplitude suggested that the development of an abnormality of ventricular repolarization may precede the manifestation of overt symptoms. The highly predictable development of dilated heart failure in these transgenic mice suggests they may be a useful model for the pathophysiological changes associated with human dilated cardiomyopathy.
Degradation of nuclear oncoproteins by the ubiquitin system in vitro. (1991)

Nuclear oncoproteins are among the most rapidly degraded intracellular proteins. Previous work has implicated the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in the turnover of short-lived intracellular proteins. In the present study, we have evaluated the potential role of the ubiquitin system in the degradation of the specific nuclear oncoproteins encoded by the N-myc, c-myc, c-fos, p53 and E1A genes. Each of these nuclear oncoproteins was synthesized in vitro by transcription of the appropriate cDNA and translation of the resulting mRNA in the presence of [35S]methionine. Degradation of labeled proteins was monitored in the ubiquitin cell-free system. ATP stimulated the degradation of all the proteins between 3- and 10-fold. The degradation was completely inhibited by neutralizing antibody directed against the ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1, the first enzyme in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic cascade. Moreover, degradation in E1-depleted lysates could be restored in each case by the addition of affinity-purified E1. These data suggest that the ubiquitin system mediates the degradation of these oncoproteins in vitro. Degradation of other proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, enolase, RNase A, and ornithine decarboxylase, is not mediated by the ubiquitin cell-free system. This suggests that the nuclear oncoproteins studied here possess specific signals that target them for rapid turnover by this proteolytic pathway. Furthermore, the relative sensitivity to degradation of various E1A mutants in vivo is also maintained in the cell-free system, suggesting that the ubiquitin pathway may play a role in the cellular degradation of these proteins as well.
Modal-S-Matrix Design of Optimum Stepped Ridged and Finned Waveguide Transformers (1987)

Optimum stepped transformers from rectangular waveguide to ridged and all-metal finned waveguides are designed with the method of field expansion into eigenmodes, which includes higher order mode interaction between the step discontinuities. Computer-optimized design data are given for a Ku-band ridged waveguide prototype with a ridge width of 1 mm, as well as for Ku-band and E-band finned waveguide transformers with commercially available metal fin thicknesses of 0.19 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, suitable for metal-etching manufacturing technique. The optimum designs achieve a minimum return loss of about 36 dB, or 34 dB for the whole Ku- or E-band, respectively. The theory is verified by comparison with measured results.