gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and significance of cyclin D1 and CKD4 in gestational trophoblastic tumor (2004)

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CKD4) in oncogenesis and development of gestational trophoblastic disease.METHODS:The expressions of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in gestational trophoblastic disease were detected by the immunohistochemisty test (SP methods).RESULTS:The positive expression rates of cyclin D1 in hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinorma were 20%, 72.22% and 88.89% respectively. The positive expression rates of CDK4 were 16.67%, 61.11% and 72.22%,respectively.Their positive rates in gestational trophoblastic tumor group were significantly higher than those of the hydatidiform mole,P0.01. There was a significantly positive correlation between cyclin D1 and CDK4 in gestational trophoblastic tumor,r=5.675,P0.05. The positive expression rates of cyclin D1 in stageⅠ-Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ of gestational trophoblastic tumor were separately 70% and 93.75%, those of CKD4 in them were 50% and 87.5%. Follow the raise of clinical phase in gestational trophoblastic tumor, the expressions of cyclin D1 and CDK4 increased.CONCLUSION:Cyclin D1 and CDK4 are overexpressed in gestational trophoblastic disease and closely correlated with its occurrence and development.
Oriented two-dimensional zeolitic imidazolate framework-L membranes and their gas permeation properties (2015)

<italic>b</italic>- and<italic>c</italic>-oriented ZIF-<italic>L</italic>membranes were synthesized by controlling ZIF-<italic>L</italic>orientational growth, and they showed orientation-dependent gas permeation properties.
Genetic Analysis of Desiccation Tolerance in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2011)

Desiccation tolerance, the ability to survive nearly total dehydration, is a rare strategy for survival and reproduction observed in all taxa. However, the mechanism and regulation of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Correlations between desiccation tolerance and potential effectors have been reported in many species, but their physiological significance has not been established in vivo. Although the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits extreme desiccation tolerance, its usefulness has been hampered by an inability to reduce tolerance more than a few fold by physiological or genetic perturbations. Here we report that fewer than one in a million yeast cells from low-density logarithmic cultures survive desiccation, while 20-40% of cells from saturated cultures survive. Using this greatly expanded metric, we show that mutants defective in trehalose biosynthesis, hydrophilins, responses to hyperosmolarity, and hypersalinity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and DNA damage repair nevertheless retain wild-type levels of desiccation tolerance, suggesting that this trait involves a unique constellation of stress factors. A genome-wide screen for mutants that render stationary cells as sensitive as log phase cells identifies only mutations that block respiration. Respiration as a prerequisite for acquiring desiccation tolerance is corroborated by respiration inhibition and by growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. Suppressors bypassing the respiration requirement for desiccation tolerance reveal at least two pathways, one of which, involving the Mediator transcription complex, is associated with the shift from fermentative to respiratory metabolism. Further study of these regulators and their targets should provide important clues to the sensors and effectors of desiccation tolerance.
Focused R&D For Electrochromic Smart Windowsa: Significant Performance and Yield Enhancements (2003)

There is a need to improve the energy efficiency of building envelopes as they are the primary factor governing the heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation requirements of buildings--influencing 53% of building energy use. In particular, windows contribute significantly to the overall energy performance of building envelopes, thus there is a need to develop advanced energy efficient window and glazing systems. Electrochromic (EC) windows represent the next generation of advanced glazing technology that will (1) reduce the energy consumed in buildings, (2) improve the overall comfort of the building occupants, and (3) improve the thermal performance of the building envelope. ''Switchable'' EC windows provide, on demand, dynamic control of visible light, solar heat gain, and glare without blocking the view. As exterior light levels change, the window's performance can be electronically adjusted to suit conditions. A schematic illustrating how SageGlass{reg_sign} electrochromic windows work is shown in Figure I.1. SageGlass{reg_sign} EC glazings offer the potential to save cooling and lighting costs, with the added benefit of improving thermal and visual comfort. Control over solar heat gain will also result in the use of smaller HVAC equipment. If a step change in the energy efficiency and performance of buildings is to be achieved, there is a clear need to bring EC technology to the marketplace. This project addresses accelerating the widespread introduction of EC windows in buildings and thus maximizing total energy savings in the U.S. and worldwide. We report on R&D activities to improve the optical performance needed to broadly penetrate the full range of architectural markets. Also, processing enhancements have been implemented to reduce manufacturing costs. Finally, tests are being conducted to demonstrate the durability of the EC device and the dual pane insulating glass unit (IGU) to be at least equal to that of conventional windows.
Progestin regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor in human mammary carcinoma cells. (1986)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors are present in human breast cancer and probably mediate the effects of EGF and the autocrine effects of alpha-transforming growth factors, produced by breast cancer cells. Steroid hormones influence the growth of some human cancers, and both direct and indirect effects on cell proliferation have been proposed. One potential indirect effect of steroids would be to augment sensitivity to other endocrine and autocrine factors by up-regulation of their receptors. We therefore investigated the effects of various steroids on EGF receptor expression in T-47D, MCF-7, and BT 20 human mammary carcinoma cells in culture. Preincubation of T-47D cells for 24 h with a series of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and progestins resulted in a significant enhancement of specific 125I-EGF binding in the presence of progestins only. Increased binding of EGF was associated with neither a change in cell number nor changes in the specific binding of concanavalin A, insulin, or calcitonin but was accompanied by an increase in lactogenic receptor expression. When assayed at 20 degrees C, increased EGF binding was due to an increase in receptor number (33,380 +/- 7,410 sites/cell in control cultures; 67,460 +/- 20,330 sites/cell in cultures treated with 1 nM medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 h; P less than 0.05) without a change in receptor affinity. Two- to 3-fold increases in receptor number were also apparent when binding was measured at 4 degrees C, indicating that the effect was due to an increase in expression of receptor at the cell surface rather than progestin effects on internalization and degradation. These data illustrate that the expression of EGF receptor in some breast cancer cells is regulated in part by mechanisms mediated via the progesterone receptor, since the effect was confined to progestins, potency among a series of progestins was correlated with their affinities for progesterone receptor, and sensitivity among the three cell lines studied was related to the presence and concentration of cellular progesterone receptor.
High capacity oil adsorption by graphene capsules (2017)

We report on a chemical vapor deposition synthesis of graphene capsules (GCs) in sizes of tens to thousands of nanometers and their oil adsorption performance. MgO particles with different particle sizes are used as templates to produce GCs with different sizes. At a larger GC size and higher pore volume, a higher oil capacity is obtained. The highest oil adsorption capacity achieved by the GCs is 156 g<sub>diesel</sub> g<sub>GC</sub><sup>-1</sup>, which is much higher than that obtained by expanded graphite. The adsorption capacity proportionally increases as the viscosity of the fluid increases. Both the capsule structure and the viscosity of oil are relative to the adsorption capacity, showing that capillary adsorption with a limited entrance might have contributed to the high capacity oil adsorption by GCs.
Sensing an optical fiber surface by a microfiber with angstrom accuracy (2006)

By monitoring the whispering gallery mode resonances, which are excited in an optical fiber by a moving microfiber, we determine the optical fiber effective diameter variation with angstrom accuracy and sensor the residuals and defects on the fiber surface
Inhibition of acrylic acid polymerization by phenothiazine and <i>p</i>‐methoxyphenol (1985)

Abstract The major features of polymerization induction periods for acrylic acid inhibited with phenothiazine and p ‐methoxyphenol have been characterized at 100°C, including duration of the induction periods, and rates of inhibitor disappearance, molecular oxygen absorption, and peroxide formation. Surprisingly, thermally produced radicals react more rapidly with phenothiazine than with oxygen since there is no detectable oxygen absorption or peroxide for mation during phenothiazine‐induced induction periods. Thus, phenothiazine has been used to estimate the thermal rate of radical formation. Phenothiazine's effectiveness as an inhibitor is not directly affected by oxygen, although it does undergo oxygen‐promoted, noninhibition‐related side reactions. p ‐Methoxyphenol, on the other hand, depends entirely on the presence of oxygen to function as an inhibitor. Compared with equivalent concentrations of p ‐methoxyphenol, induction periods obtained with phenothiazine are very long, and the rate of inhibitor disappearance is slower by at least an order of magnitude. The characteristics of p ‐methoxyphenol inhibition reflect a greater radical flux deriving from the significant rates of oligomeric peroxide formation and decomposition which we measured during p ‐methoxyphenol‐induced induction periods at 100°C. MEHQ is an effective inhibitor at ambient temperatures in part because of the greater stability of the peroxides at these lower temperatures.
Predictors of sensitive parenting in urban slums in Makassar, Indonesia (2018)

In the context of urban slums in Makassar in Indonesia, this study aimed to test whether maternal sensitivity was predicted by maternal history of childhood maltreatment, and whether this association was mediated by current partner conflict and current cumulative sociodemographic risk. A total of 98 mothers and their 2–4-year-old children were videotaped in a naturalistic observation. Maternal sensitivity was coded using the Ainsworth scales. In addition, mothers were interviewed to assess childhood trauma, current partner conflict, and current sociodemographic risk. There was a significant negative correlation between maternal experienced childhood maltreatment and observed maternal sensitivity. Current partner conflict and sociodemographic risk did not mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and maternal sensitivity.
AKTivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by KSHV (2013)

As an obligate intracellular parasite, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) relies on the host cell machinery to meet its needs for survival, viral replication, production, and dissemination of progeny virions. KSHV is a gammaherpesvirus that is associated with three different malignancies: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and two B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV viral proteins modulate the cellular phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is a ubiquitous pathway that also controls B lymphocyte proliferation and development. We review the mechanisms by which KSHV manipulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, with a specific focus on B cells.
<title>Electronic Solid State Wide Angle Camera System - ESSWACS</title> (1977)

A system for real time wide angle reconnaissance from low flying, high performance aircraft is described. The system combines a multiple lens - linear CCD array, airborne sensor head, an air to ground data link; and a ground based, dry silver film, laser beam recording system that produces hard copy imagery on the ground within 30 seconds of data acquisition.
Synthesis of Cyclo-2,2‘:4‘,4‘‘:2‘‘,2‘‘‘:4‘‘‘,4‘‘‘‘:2‘‘‘‘,2‘‘‘‘‘:4‘‘‘‘‘,4-sexipyridine (1997)

Preparation of the title compound (2) by use of Stille couplings and a Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is described. By application of the Stille coupling reaction, preparation and functionalization of quater- and quinquepyridines 26, 27, and 28 were achieved. Elaboration of quinquepyridine 27 to the pyridinium salt 30 bearing a protected enal allowed for the synthesis of 2 by a one-pot deprotection/Kröhnke reaction in nine steps from 4,4'-bipyridine. Use of the Kröhnke pyridine synthesis has been applied to prepare sexipyridine dibromide 19, but attempts to induce a macrocyclization via metal-mediated (Pd/Ni/Cu) aryl-aryl coupling procedures proved unsuccessful. Acetylene-bridged sexipyridines 3a and 3b incorporating 2,2'-bipyridine units proved to be inaccessible via sp-sp(2) or sp-sp coupling protocols.
Muconic Acid (2003)

Abstract Muconic acid intermediate: 1130 g. (3.14 moles) of diethyl α,δ‐dibromoadipate product: muconic acid
Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin in the rat ovary (2004)

We have previously reported that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family growth factor, epiregulin, is expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells by induction with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). In this study, we report that amphiregulin, another member of the EGF family, was also induced in the rat ovary by gonadotropin treatment. Northern blot analysis revealed that PMSG treatment induced the expression of both epiregulin and amphiregulin mRNA after 24 h, but the expression then decreased 48 h after treatment. Further treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) rapidly induced the expression of both epiregulin and amphiregulin genes and maximal levels were reached 4 h after hCG treatment. A marginal increase in amphiregulin mRNA levels was also observed 6 h after PMSG treatment. In situ hybridization revealed that epiregulin and amphiregulin mRNAs were localized in the granulosa cells of large antral follicles. These spatio-temporal expression patterns were similar to those of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and progesterone receptor (PR). In adult cycling rats, epiregulin and amphiregulin were strongly induced at 1800 and 2000 h on proestrus coinciding with the preovulatory LH surge. An in situ hybridization study also showed that epiregulin and amphiregulin mRNAs were detectable in the granulosa cells of preovulatory ovarian follicles at 2000 h on proestrus, where transcripts of COX-2 and PR were co-localized with those of epiregulin and amphiregulin. These observations suggested that the EGF family members, epiregulin and amphiregulin, may play a role in the ovulatory process of cycling rats as well as in the induction of ovulation in immature rats.
PRODUCTION OF ENRICHED PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF ?-LACTOGLOBULIN AND ?-LACTALBUMIN FROM CHEESE WHEY (1982)

A method for the fractionation of enriched fractions of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin from whey has been developed. To accomplish this separation, the whey proteins are concentrated by ultrafiltration, the concentrate is adjusted to pH 4.65 and demineralized by electrodialysis. The demineralized concentrate is readjusted to pH 4.65, if necessary, and a precipitate consisting primarily of β-lactoglobulin is formed. This precipitate is separated from the enriched α-lactaglobulin fraction by centrifugation. Protein yields and purities were determined gravimetrically and by gel electrophoresis. Some functional properties of each fraction were evaluated.
Serum deprivation induces apoptotic cell death in a subset of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts (1994)

Little is known about the regulation of apoptosis in fibroblasts although several model systems including serum deprivation and treatment with staurosporine or topoisomerase inhibitors have been used to induce apoptosis in vitro. To validate a reproducible in vitro model for the study of apoptosis in fibroblasts, we cultured density-inhibited monolayer cultures of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts in Dulbecco's modified essential medium plus 15% fetal calf serum and then withdrew serum. Time-lapse video microscopy demonstrated that within minutes of serum withdrawal, cells lost substrate attachment and floated to the top of the liquid growth medium. There was a time-dependent increase in the number of non-adherent cells. Some of these cells regained attachment and spread momentarily, but they eventually rounded up and lost attachment permanently. In contrast to serum-containing cultures in which similar morphological changes were followed by mitosis, in serum-free cultures repeated attempts at mitosis were followed by permanent attachment loss and presumably cell death. To assess whether all the non-adherent cells were in fact dead, the percentages of cells that continued to proliferate upon return to serum-supplemented conditions was computed. After various periods of serum starvation a decreasing proportion (approx. 75% at 30 minutes; < 2% at 24 hours) of the non-adherent cells could be rescued by addition of serum. Transmission electron microscopy of cells 3 hours after serum withdrawal showed that the majority (approximately 60%) of non-adherent cells exhibited marked intranuclear chromatin condensation but maintained integrity of cell and nuclear membranes and cell organelles, morphological changes consistent with those of apoptotic cell death. Scanning electron microscopy of cultures 3 hours following serum withdrawal showed rounded cells with marked surface blebbing. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed increased intensity of nuclear staining with DAPI while actin filaments became indistinct or collapsed around the nucleus. After cycloheximide treatment to inhibit protein synthesis, there was no reduction of apoptosis. Gel electrophoresis of DNA from both control and 3 hour-serum-deprived cells showed intact DNA with no oligonucleosomal length fragmentation. After serum withdrawal, intracellular calcium was reduced by about 32% over 5 minutes as measured by fura2 ratio fluorimetry in single cells. Serum-starved cells showed a time-dependent shrinkage in mean cell diameter compared to trypsinized, adherent control cells (at 0 hours, mean diameter = 18.0 microns--viable; at 4 hours, mean diameter = 15.5 microns--apoptotic). Flow cytometric analysis showed increased propidium iodide staining and reduced fluorescein diacetate uptake over 3 hours, changes that were contemporaneous with the reduction of cell diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Tunable long-wavelength detectors using graded barrier quantum wells grown by electron beam source molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

We discuss a new design for a voltage tunable graded barrier multiquantum well infrared detector. The tunability of this detector is significantly better than previous designs. It has large shifts in peak position, spectral width, and long-wavelength cutoff.
Time-domain holographic image storage (1994)

We describe a practical approach to image storage in a coherent time-domain optical memory that can be readily implemented with existing technologies. In this approach, two-dimensional images are stored spectroholographically in narrow ( less, similar 1-MHz) frequency channels of a time-domain storage material by use of a low-power laser, with one image per channel. Advantages of this approach include fast single-frame recording time, variable playback speeds, and random frame access. Experimental results demonstrating the use of this approach for high-speed, long-term image storage in Eu(3+):Y(2)SiO(5) are presented.
The human interleukin 2 receptor beta chain (p70). Direct identification, partial purification, and patterns of expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1988)

IL-2 binds to high- and low-affinity receptors on activated T cells. The high-affinity receptor was hypothesized to consist of the noncovalent association between the alpha chain (IL-2-R-alpha, p55) and a beta chain (IL-2-R-beta, p70), whereas the low-affinity receptor consists of p55 without p70. We now directly identify p70 as a 65-77-kD glycoprotein doublet. Preparative quantities of the IL-2/p70 complex have been isolated. Further, we demonstrate that p70 is the principal IL-2 binding protein on both resting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and that both p70 and p55 can be induced on normal B cells and monocytes.
End-wise admission control delegation for effective end-to-end quality of service (2009)

Despite the significant body of research that has been conducted on quality of service (QoS), the notion of a dominant approach to end-to-end (E2E) QoS remains elusive. Beyond the ever present issue of deployment, the complexity and limited speed of resource negotiation arising from per-hop or per-domain interactions limit the general utility of the existing approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to make significant strides in practical end-to-end QoS by leveraging the over-provisioned nature of the core and cooperative interactions amongst end autonomous systems. Our approach, E3AC (End-wise delegation for End-to-End Admission Control), provides a framework for catalyzing QoS amongst end ISPs while dramatically reducing the setup latency for QoS negotiations
THE MAGIC FORMULA TYRE MODEL (1992)

Abstract An account is given of the latest version 3 of the Magic Formula tyre model. The model provides a set of mathematical formulae from which the forces and moment acting from road to tyre can be calculated at longitudinal, lateral and camber slip conditions, which may occur simultaneously. The model aims at an accurate description of measured steady-state tyre behaviour. The coefficients of the basic formula represent typifying quantities of the tyre characteristic. By selecting proper values, the characteristics for either side force, aligning torque or fore and aft force can be obtained. The new version of the model contains physically based formulations to avoid the introduction of correction factors. Double-sided, possibly non-symmetric pure slip curves are employed as the basis for combined slip calculations. Suggestions are given to estimate the driving part of the longitudinal slip curve and to represent the characteristic at rolling backwards.
Low Permeation Liner for Hydrogen Gas Storage Tanks (2003)

Approach • Select and fabricate polymeric materials with the necessary electron and proton conducting properties to form an electrochemical tri-layer barrier to hydrogen permeation through polymer tank-liners • Fabricate “bench-top” models of the tri-layers on polymer substrates • Demonstrate the successful functioning of the bench-top model devices at low and high pressures • Demonstrate a successful prototype of an active, electrochemical hydrogen barrier system within a high-pressure, polymer-lined, composite hydrogen storage tank