gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake (1986)

SUMMARY The recovery in the faeces of the n-alkanes of herbage (odd-chain, C 27 –C 35 ) and of dosed artificial alkanes (even-chain, C 28 and C 32 ) was studied in twelve 4-month-old castrated male lambs. The lambs received three levels of cut, fresh perennial ryegrass or a mixed diet of perennial ryegrass (0·70) and a barley-based concentrate (0·30) (500–900 g D.M./day). C28 and C32 n-alkanes (130 mg each), absorbed onto shredded paper, were given once daily for 17 days to test whether the recoveries of herbage and dosed alkanes were similar to enable their use as markers for determining the herbage intake of grazing sheep. Stearic and palmitic acids (130 mg each) were given with the dosed alkanes to half of the animals with the objective of facilitating emulsification of the dosed alkanes within the digestive tract. With the exception of C 27 n-alkane, the faecal recoveries of all alkanes were unaffected by diet, feeding level or emulsifying agent. Faecal recovery of odd- chain herbage n-alkanes increased with increasing C-chain length. The recovery of the dosed C 28 n-alkane was slightly greater than the recoveries of both C 27 , and C 29 n-alkanes of herbage. The recoveries of the dosed C 32 n-alkane and the herbage C 33 -alkane were the same. The mean herbage intake estimated using C 33 and C 32 n-alkanes was identical to the actual herbage intake. Other alkane pairs gave slight underestimates of herbage intake ranging from 3·5% for the C 28 –C 29 pair to 7·6% for the C 27 –C 28 pair. No cyclical pattern of n-alkane excretion throughout the day was observed. Examination of daily variations in faecal alkane concentrations indicated that the start of alkane dosing should precede the sampling of faeces by at least 6 days. These results suggest that accurate estimation of herbage intake in grazing sheep is possible from the simultaneous use of dosed C 32 and herbage C 33 n-alkanes as markers. The method may be particularly useful in enabling unbiased estimates of herbage intake to be made in animals receiving supplementary feed.
Bright White‐Light Emission from Semiconductor Nanocrystals: by Chance and by Design (2007)

The synthesis and characterization of two bright white-light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal (NC)-based systems is reported. CdS NCs emit white light because of the presence of surface states over the entire range of the visible spectrum, whereas CdSe/ZnS/CdSe/ZnS core/shell/shell/shell NCs are designed to emit white light as a result of the combination of blue and orange emissions from the shell and the core, respectively (see figure).
Field emission from vertically aligned conductive IrO2 nanorods (2004)

We report on the preparation and field-emission properties of vertically aligned conductive IrO2 nanorods. The unique geometrical features of IrO2 nanorods, including nanosized structure and self-assembled sharp tip, exhibit a strong effect on field enhancement (β∼40 000), which result in a low threshold field (Eth∼0.7 V/μm) defined at the beginning of emission. A low turn-on field for driving a current of 10 μA/cm2 is about 5.6 V/μm, which is comparable with the carbon nanotube, diamond, and amorphous carbon. The potential of using IrO2 nanorods as an emitter material has been demonstrated.
Monocyte-conditioned medium and interleukin 1 induce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in the adherent cell layer of murine bone marrow cultures. (1986)

We have studied how production of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can be induced in murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC). We found that the adherent cells, but not the nonadherent cells, of LTBMC synthesized and secreted large amounts of CSF upon stimulation with monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) from the early phase of monocyte culturing. This CSF induced both granulocyte- and macrophage-containing colonies. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) also induced CSF production by the adherent cells, although not to the same extent as MCM. Medium conditioned by E-rosette-positive lymphocytes could not substitute for MCM. CSF production varied in long-term bone marrow cultures less than two weeks old, but thereafter the amount of CSF obtained was relatively independent of the age of the cultures (2-26 weeks). No correlation was found between the content of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in the nonadherent cell fraction of LTBMC and the ability of the adherent cell layer to produce CSF. These results suggest a two-stage process for CSF synthesis. Monocytes produce a factor(s) that, in a second step, leads to bioassayable levels of CSF in the supernatant of adherent cells in LTBMC.
Replacement by Homologous Recombination of the <i>minK</i> Gene With <i>lacZ</i> Reveals Restriction of <i>minK</i> Expression to the Mouse Cardiac Conduction System (1999)

The minK gene encodes a 129-amino acid peptide the expression of which modulates function of cardiac delayed rectifier currents (IKr and IKs), and mutations in minK are now recognized as one cause of the congenital long-QT syndrome. We have generated minK-deficient mice in which the bacterial lacZ gene has been substituted for the minK coding region such that beta-galactosidase expression is controlled by endogenous minK regulatory elements. In cardiac myocytes isolated from wild-type neonatal mice, IKs is rarely recorded, while IKr is common. In minK (-/-) myocytes, IKs is absent and IKr is significantly reduced and its deactivation slowed; these results further support a role for minK in modulating both IKs and IKr. Despite these changes, ECGs in (+/+) and (-/-) animals are no different at adult and at neonatal stages. ECG responses to isoproterenol are also similar in the 2 groups. beta-Galactosidase staining in postnatal minK (-/-) hearts is highly restricted, to the sinus-node region, caudal atrial septum, and proximal conducting system. Moreover, as early as embryonal day 11, segmentally restricted beta-galactosidase expression is observed in the portions of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular junctions that are thought to give rise to the conducting system, thereby implicating minK expression as an early event in conduction system development. More generally, the restricted nature of minK expression in the mouse heart suggests species-specific roles of this gene product in mediating the electrophysiological properties of the heart.
A Multiport Telephone Conference Bridge (1968)

Conference bridges allow a number of remotely located telephone subscribers to hold a conference. A new bridge using solid-state circuitry and a plug-in module-type equipment arrangement has been designed. The number of participants in a conference call varies. The capability and flexibility required have been achieved by designing a 30-port bridge that can be subdivided into five separate 6-port groups. These groups can then be combined to service large or small groups of subscribers. When large numbers of two-wire subscribers are connected together, the sum of the returning echoes is substantial. In the new bridge, each port is equipped with a voice activated gain switch that keeps a fixed amount of loss in each of the two-wire loops.
Hydrogen Sulphide in Heart and Systemic Circulation (2011)

In the mammalian cardiovascular system, H(2)S joins carbon monoxide (CO) and endothelial derived relaxing factors, (EDRFs)-nitric oxide (NO), as the third gasotransmitter. In the vasculature, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) is the main enzyme responsible for H(2)S biosynthesis starting from the substrate e.g. L-cysteine. There is a growing body of evidence that supports a role for H(2)S in regulating the vascular homeostasis. H(2)S (NaHS) is known to induce a concentration-dependent relaxation of large conduit arteries. Interestingly, H(2)S also relaxes peripheral resistance vessels such as mesenteric arteries suggesting a role for H(2)S also in the regulation of vascular resistance and systemic blood pressure. This vasodilatory effect is dependent on the activation of K(ATP) channels. However, a cross-talk exists between the L-Argine/NO and L-cysteine/H(2)S pathways. Furthermore, it has been shown that H(2)S acts as an endogenous non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity. Compelling evidence links H(2)S to regulation of erectile function while it remains unclear whether the L-cysteine/H(2)S pathway plays a pathogenetic role in erectile dysfunction. Despite the rapid growth of the field, it should be noted that several aspects of H(2)S physiology in the cardiovascular system remain unsolved and the lack of reliable inhibitors and donors remains a major limitation.
X-ray fluorescence detection of low-<i>Z</i> elements using a microchannel plate detector (1992)

We demonstrate the utility of a simple, inexpensive, microchannel plate (MCP) detector for monitoring the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) yield in the soft x-ray region. The detector consists of a dual MCP array, and appropriately biased grids. We compare the Al 2p XRF yield to the total-electron yield (TEY) (obtained with the same detector) of single-crystal sapphire. These measurements show that the XRF yield has the following advantages over TEY for monitoring absorption spectra in the soft x-ray region: (1) a greater bulk sensitivity, (2) an insensitivity to charging.
Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Magnetic Properties of Fe<i><sub>x</sub></i>Co<i><sub>y</sub></i>Pt<sub>100-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i><sub>-</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i> Nanoparticles (2002)

FexCoyPt100-x-y alloy nanoparticles were prepared by the simultaneous reduction of cobalt acetylacetonate and platinum acetylacetonate and the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The relative amounts of iron, cobalt, and platinum in the particles depended on the amount of iron, cobalt and platinum charged to the reaction. As prepared, the particles were superparamagnetic and had a distorted fcc structure. The average particle diameter was 3.5 nm and the size distribution was very narrow. The particles could be dispersed in hydrocarbon solvents and formed films consisting of hexagonal close-packed particles on carbon-coated copper TEM grids. The films were sputter coated with amorphous carbon and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 550 to 700 °C to transform the particles to the tetragonal (L10) phase. The coercivity of the annealed films increased with increasing annealing temperature. For films with a similar degree of transformation to the tetragonal phase, increasing the cobalt content decreased the coercivity of the films.
A 90% peak efficiency single-inductor dual-output buck-boost converter with extended-PWM control (2011)

Power management in portable devices demands small size, low cost as well as long battery lifetime, which in turn drive the development of single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) converters. Due to the battery voltage variation during usage and the wide-range dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) applied for power reduction, high-efficiency buck-boost conversion is required to extend the battery lifetime. The buck-boost converter selects the operation mode by comparing the output with the supply voltage, which is not suitable for multioutput converters. The reported single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck-boost converter uses a state machine with sophisticated current sense for mode selection and requires a freewheeling state that dissipates energy. The converter uses one additional auxiliary inductor for step-up/down mode adjustment. This paper proposes an extended-PWM (EPWM) control which automatically selects buck or boost mode and facilitates smooth mode transition. It is suitable for flexible outputs and maintains a high efficiency in buck and in boost converters.
Prophylactic peri-operative local antibiotic irrigation (2016)

An extensive review of the spinal and arthroplasty literature was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of local antibiotic irrigation during surgery. The efficacy of antibiotic irrigation for the prevention of acute post-operative infection after total joint arthroplasty was evaluated retrospectively in 2293 arthroplasties (1990 patients) between January 2004 and December 2013. The mean follow-up was 73 months (20 to 139). One surgeon performed all the procedures with minimal post-operative infection. The intra-operative protocol included an irrigation solution of normal saline with vancomycin 1000 mg/l and polymyxin 250,000 units/l at the rate of 2 l per hour. No patient required re-admission for primary infection or further antibiotic treatment. Two morbidly obese patients (two total hip arthroplasties) developed subcutaneous fat necrosis requiring debridement and one was revised because the deep capsular sutures were contaminated by the draining subcutaneous haematoma. One patient who had undergone total knee arthroplasty had unrecognised damage to the lateral superior geniculate artery and developed a haematoma that became infected secondarily four months after the surgery and underwent revision. The use of antibiotic irrigation during arthroplasty surgery has been highly effective for the prevention of infection in the author's practice. However, it should be understood that any routine prophylactic use of antibiotics may result in resistant organisms, and the wise stewardship of the use of antibiotics is an important part of surgical practice.
Discriminating between lanthanide ions: self-assembly of heterodimetallic triple-stranded helicates (2002)

A bis-terdentate segmental ligand has been designed which self-assembles with lanthanide ions of different size to yield heterodimetallic triple-stranded helicates.
Explainable Image Caption Generator Using Attention and Bayesian Inference (2018)

Image captioning is the task of generating textual descriptions of a given image, requiring techniques of computer vision and natural language processing. Recent models have utilized deep learning techniques to this task to gain performance improvement. However, these models can neither distinguish more important objects than others in a given image, nor explain the reasons why specific words have been selected when generating captions. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an explainable image captioning model, which generates a caption by indicating specific objects in a given image and providing visual explanation using them. The model has been evaluated with datasets such as MSCOCO, Flickr8K, and Flickr30K, and some qualitative results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
[Cloning and expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in Streptomyces aureofaciens]. (2002)

Vitreoscilla hemoglobin Gene was cloned in Streptomyces aureofaciens through E. coli-Streptomyces shuttle plasmids constructed by both pIJ699-pUC19(vhb) and pIJ702-pBR322(vhb). Under low dissolved oxygen conditions, expression of hemoglobin enhanced CTC yield of engineering strain more about 40%-60% that that of control by improving oxygen transmission in cells. Hemoglobin expression by Promoter of tetracycline resistance gene was more effective for oxygen transmission than that by its native promoter regulated by dissolved oxygen concentrations in environments of locally low concentrations of dissolved oxygen.
Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia (2012)

The development of ALI among patients hospitalized with infectious pneumonia varied among pulmonary pathogens and was associated with increased mortality. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment and transfusion predict the development of ALI independent of pathogen.
121. The action of acyl cyanides on 2- and 1 : 2-substituted indoles. Part I (1953)

A. K. Kiang and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 594 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000594
Role of serotonin in the action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. (1995)

Clozapine is the first of a new generation of antipsychotic drugs which constitutes a major advance in the treatment of schizophrenia. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the advantages of clozapine over typical neuroleptics. Most of these focus on its effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. This article reviews the effects of clozapine and related antipsychotic drugs on dopamine (DA) D1, D2, and D4, and serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors, as well as its ability to modulate DA and 5-HT release. Clozapine and other atypical antipsychotic drugs share the ability to cause fewer extrapyramidal symptoms at clinically effective doses. This may be related to their potent 5-HT2A and weak D2 receptor blocking properties, a profile shared by risperidone, melperone, olanzapine, amperozide, HP-873, seroquel, sertindole, and ziprasidone. The basis for the superior ability of clozapine to treat negative symptoms and enhance cognitive function compared to typical neuroleptic drugs in schizophrenic patients has not yet been ascertained, but there is evidence that its effect on 5-HT2A, D2, or D4 receptors may be important. Other aspects of the pharmacology of clozapine which may contribute to its actions include potent alpha 1-adrenergic, M1, M2, M3, and M5 receptor blocking properties, as well as M4 agonist effects.
Absolute, high-resolution optical position encoder (1996)

Modern computer-controlled manufacturing machinery requires the absolute and highly accurate measurement of the linear position. Such an absolute, optical linear position encoder is described here. It is based on the transilluminance of a glass scale with an inexpensive light-emitting diode. The scale has two code tracks, one based on a pseudo-random binary sequence for the coarse determination of position and another periodic code for accurate fine-position measurement. A single-lens telecentric optical system images the code tracks in a mechanically insensitive way onto a custom photodetector. This special detector IC is capable of determining the components of the (complex) Fourier transform for the spatial frequency of the periodic code. The absolute optical position encoder shows a resolution of 10 nm and an absolute accuracy of better than 100 nm over short distances, verified with a commercial laser interferometer.
Sedimentation equilibria of ferrofluids: II. Experimental osmotic equations of state of magnetite colloids (2012)

The first experimental osmotic equation of state is reported for well-defined magnetic colloids that interact via a dipolar hard-sphere potential. The osmotic pressures are determined from the sedimentation equilibrium concentration profiles in ultrathin capillaries using a low-velocity analytical centrifuge, which is the subject of the accompanying paper I. The pressures of the magnetic colloids, measured accurately to values as low as a few pascals, obey Van 't Hoff's law at low concentrations, whereas at increasing colloid densities non-ideality appears in the form of a negative second virial coefficient. This virial coefficient corresponds to a dipolar coupling constant that agrees with the coupling constant obtained via independent magnetization measurements. The coupling constant manifests an attractive potential of mean force that is significant but yet not quite strong enough to induce dipolar chain formation. Our results disprove van der Waals-like phase behavior of dipolar particles for reasons that are explained.
Understanding linearity in wireless communication amplifiers (2002)

This paper investigates the linearity of active devices and amplifiers that have modulated input signals. We describe an implementation of a mathematical technique for calculating spectral regrowth due to nonlinear amplification for modulated signals typically used in wireless communication systems. This technique requires only single-tone gain and phase data as a function of input power and can be applied to any modulated signal so long as the device or amplifier characteristics do not change significantly over the band width of the input signal and the modulation frequencies are much less than the carrier frequency. Verification of the mathematical technique is presented using examples of measured and calculated spectra for /spl pi//4-DQPSK PHS (Personal Handy Phone) and CDMA Offset-QPSK PCS (Personal Communication System) modulation schemes. Finally, this calculation technique is used to determine fundamental tradeoffs between device performance (linearity, output power, gain, and power added efficiency) and device bias conditions and load impedance.
Frequency-temperature behavior of thickness vibrations of doubly rotated quartz plates affected by plate dimensions and orientations (1986)

Three-dimensional linear equations of motion for small vibrations superposed on thermal deformations induced by steady, uniform temperature change in quartz are obtained. The material properties of quartz, such as the elastic stiffnesses and thermal expansion coefficients, are assumed temperature dependent and expressible by third-degree polynomials in temperature change. From the solutions of third-order perturbations of these equations for the thickness resonances of infinite quartz plates, six values of the effective third temperature derivatives of elastic stiffnesses C̃(3)pq are calculated by the use of the measured temperature coefficients of frequency by Bechmann, Ballato, and Lukaszek [Proc. IRE 50, 1812 (1962)] for various doubly rotated cuts and the values of the first temperature derivatives C(1)pq and the effective second temperature derivatives C̃(2)pq obtained in a previous study. An infinite system of two-dimensional equations of motion is derived by Mindlin’s method of power-series expansion for crystal plates subject to a steady, uniform temperature change. Four equations, governing the coupled thickness-shear, thickness-twist, thickness-stretch, and flexural vibrations, are extracted from the infinite set and employed to study the frequency-temperature behavior of thickness vibrations of finite SC-cut quartz plates with a pair of free edges. Changes in the thickness-shear resonance frequencies as a function of temperature are predicted and plotted for various values of orientation angles θ and φ, and length-to-thickness ratio a/b. Effects on the frequency-temperature behavior of the plates due to changes in the values of θ, φ, and a/b are observed and discussed.
Performance analysis of OFDMA uplink systems with symbol timing misalignment (2003)

This letter presents our investigation for the effect of symbol timing errors in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems. We express the symbol timing errors between users as the symbol timing misalignments with respect to the desired user. Then, we derive an explicit expression of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of the maximum value of the symbol timing misalignments. Analyses and simulation results show that, to achieve an SNR of 20 dB, the maximum value of the symbol timing misalignments must be less than the cyclic prefix duration plus 6.25% of the useful symbol duration. Based on the resulting SNR degradation, we evaluate the SNR gain with guard subcarriers in order to mitigate the effect of the symbol timing misalignments.