gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Framework for Landing Site Selection during Autonomous Spacecraft Descent (2006)

The success of a landed space exploration mission depends largely on the final landing site. Factors influencing site selection include safety, fuel-consumption, and scientific return. This paper addresses the problem of selecting the best available landing site based on these factors in real-time during autonomous spacecraft descent onto a planetary surface. The problem is modeled probabilistically using Bayesian networks (BNs). BNs provide a means of representing the causal relationships between variables that impact the quality of a landing site. The final landing site is determined via probabilistic reasoning based on terrain safety derived from on-board sensors, available fuel based on spacecraft descent dynamics, and regions of interest defined by mission scientists
Use of opioids in non-cancer pain. (1998)

The use of opioids for chronic pain of non-malignant origin remains controversial. However, problems anticipated from experience with animal experiments and pain-free abusers seldom cause difficulties when opioids are used appropriately to treat pain. With sensible guidelines, and in the context of a multidisciplinary pain clinic, opioids may provide the only hope of relief to many sufferers of chronic pain.
Microwave engineering and systems applications (1988)

SYSTEMS: Microwave Communications Systems Microwave Radar Systems Electronic Warfare Systems MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION, CONTROL, DETECTION, AND GENERATION: Transmission Line Concepts Computational Methods for Transmission Line Problems Computer-Aided Design of Microwave Circuits Planar Transmission Lines and Components Microwave Filter Theory Ferrites Microwave Antennas Linear Passive Applications of Microwave Diodes (Switches, Limiters, and Digital Phase Shifters) Nonlinear and Active Applications of Microwave Diodes (Detectors, Mixers, Harmonic Generators, and Oscillators) Three-Terminal Active Devices Microwave Amplifier and Oscillator Design Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits Microwave Tubes MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Practical Microwave Components and Power Measurements Time Domain Management Frequency Domain Measurements MICROWAVE SUBSYSTEMS: Microwave Receiver Front-End Design Transmitters.
Behavior of 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[<i>h</i>]cinnolinones towards hydrazine. Synthesis of benzo[<i>h</i>]cinnolinones and of 4‐Aminobenzo[<i>h</i>]cinnolinones (1999)

Abstract Dehydrogenation and amination of 4,4a,5,6‐tetrahydro and 5,6‐dihydrobenzocinnolinones in refluxing hydrazine hydrate to give new benzo[ h ]cinnolinones and 4‐aminobenzo[ h ]cinnolinones are reported, and reaction mechanisms proposed. Experiments were also extended to 4,4a‐dihydro‐5 H ‐indenopyridazinone which underwent hydrazine induced dehydrogenation to 5 H ‐indenopyridazin‐3‐one but not subsequent amination.
The potential of nonpathogenic <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana (2006)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen‐infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination.
Synthesis of coagulation factor V by cultured aortic endothelium (1984)

Bovine aortic endothelium has been examined with respect to the synthesis of coagulation factor V. After cultured cells reached confluency, samples of supernatant culture media and solubilized cells were analyzed for factor V in a two-stage bioassay and in a double- antibody radioimmunoassay. In addition, preconfluent cells were pulsed for 4 days with 35S-methionine in methionine-free media. After the 4- day pulse, supernatant media were chromatographed on a factor V monoclonal antibody-Sepharose resin to isolate 35S-labeled factor V. The isolated material and 125I-factor V standards were analyzed by electrophoresis and autoradiography. The bioassay indicated an increase, with time, of unactivated factor V in the culture supernatant, whereas solubilized cells were negative for factor V. The radioimmunoassay indicated an increase, with time, of factor V antigen in the culture supernatants, and the solubilized cells yielded a constant level of antigen per cell. Autoradiograms of electrophoretograms of immunoadsorbed 35S-culture supernatant with 125I- factor V/Va standards revealed labeled proteins with electrophoretic mobilities compatible with 125I-factor V/Va standards. The data obtained from three different sources-bioassay, radioimmunoassay, and 35S-methionine incorporation-all indicate that factor V is synthesized by cultured bovine aortic endothelium.
Über die Pyrazolbildung aus α‐Chlor‐acetessigester und Thiocarbohydrazid (1956)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von α‐Chlor‐acetessigester mit Thiocarbohydrazid in alkohol. Salzsäure entsteht unter Abscheidung von elementarem Schwefel das 3‐Methyl‐4‐carbäthoxy‐5‐hydrazino‐pyrazol. Führt man die gleiche Reaktion mit Monobenzaldehyd‐thiocarbohydrazon durch, so bildet sich in neutralem Medium das 3‐Methyl‐4‐carbäthoxy‐5 benzalhydrazino‐pyrazol und in alkohol. Salzsäure das Benzaldehyd‐[3‐amino‐4‐methyl‐5‐carbäthoxy‐thiazolon‐(2)]‐ azin, das mit Benzaldehyd in die Dibenzalverbindung übergeht.
Lead-free package interconnections for ceramic grid arrays (2004)

As the electronics industry moves to eliminate lead from its components and solder assembly processes, new challenges arise in developing reliable interconnect processes. For the surface mount attachment of multilayer ceramic packages, this challenge becomes increasingly difficult in second-level assembly because of the large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the ceramic chip carrier and epoxy glass printed circuit board (PCB). The Ceramic Column Grid Array (CCGA) technology has shown itself capable of withstanding this mismatch, for tin-lead assembly, with high reliability while extending the 32 mm practical body size of CBGA ceramic packages to 52.5 mm. Lead-free interconnect structures have been developed for second-level assembly of ceramic grid array packages. For smaller packages where a ball structure provides sufficient thermal fatigue life, a standard lead-free Tin-Silver-Copper (SnAgCu or SAC) ball may be used. SAC CBGA interconnections have been shown to provide better reliability than their predecessor tin-lead dual alloy CBGA interconnections, when tested under accelerated thermal cycling conditions. The results from recent evaluations of CBGA packages will be discussed. For larger packages that require enhanced thermal fatigue life of the interconnection, a new lead-free column structure is being introduced. The Copper Column Grid Array (CuCGA) replaces the high-lead solder column with a copper column, which achieves electrical properties and mechanical fatigue characteristics that are comparable to the existing tin-lead CCGA packages. Modeling and measurement of the electrical performance for various column lengths and diameters aided in the selection of a column geometry to meet or exceed electrical performance of existing tin-lead columns. The influence of the metallurgical and physical properties of the column on the fatigue life of the system was also considered. The thermal fatigue failure mode differs from that typically seen in tin-lead CCGA packages.
A review of randomized trials comparing coronary angioplasty and bypass grafting (1996)

Angioplasty and bypass surgery have become standard methods of treating patients with symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Although both procedures have been applied to a wide spectrum of patients with acceptable morbidity and mortality, only recently have randomized trials been performed to directly compare their efficacies. In patients with multivessel disease, overall mortality and freedom from myocardial infarction appear to be similar between the two treatment strategies. Primarily due to restenosis, the need for repeat revascularization procedures is significantly greater in patients who initially undergo angioplasty. Accordingly, this difference is most striking in the 1st year of follow-up and diminishes over time. The costs of the two treatment strategies reflect the restenosis problem as well. Although angioplasty initially costs less than bypass surgery, the cost savings largely abate after repeat interventions are performed.
Door and cabinet recognition using Convolutional Neural Nets and real-time method fusion for handle detection and grasping (2017)

In this paper we present a new method that robustly identifies doors, cabinets and their respective handles, with special emphasis on extracting useful features from handles to be then manipulated. The novelty of this system relies on the combination of a Convolutional Neural Net (CNN), as a form of reducing the search space, several methods to extract point cloud data and a mobile robot to interact with the objects. The framework consists of the following components: The implementation of a CNN to extract a Region of Interest (ROI) from an image corresponding to a door or cabinet. Several vision based techniques to detect handles inside the ROI and its 3D positioning. A complementary plane segmentation method to differentiate door/cabinet from the handle. An algorithm to fuse both approaches robustly and extract essential information from the handle for robotic grasping (i.e. handle point cloud, door plane model, grasping locations, turning orientation, orthogonal vector to door). A mobile robot for grasping the handle. The system assumes no prior knowledge of the environment.
Raman scattering analysis of relaxed Ge<i>x</i>Si1−<i>x</i> alloy layers (1993)

We have used Raman scattering to evaluate thick epitaxial GexSi1−x layers with 0.20≤x≤0.43 grown on Si (100) substrates. We show that a detailed consideration of the composition dependencies of the relative intensities of the various phonon modes can enhance the sensitivity of Raman scattering to variations in composition and strain. We find that samples are uniform on a scale of ≂1 μm laterally and &lt;1000 Å in the growth direction.
Depression and SES in women from Appalachia. (2013)

Depression is a common, costly, and debilitating condition, particularly in rural areas. One of the factors commonly linked to depression is low socioeconomic status (SES). The primary aim of our study was to test a model of the relationship between SES and depression in a sample of women from Appalachia, Ohio. Approximately one third of the sample was depressed. The association between SES and depression varied by smoking status; adjusted odds were nearly eight times higher for smokers with low versus high SES, OR 8.0; 95% CI [2.6, 24.6]. Women who had insurance other than private insurance and those who were not satisfied with their current financial situation had close to twice the odds of an increased depression score. FINDINGS suggested a strong relationship between low SES and depression, particularly among female smokers. A concerted research effort focused on community-based, cost-effective interventions to reduce depression in this region is warranted. Language: en
The capacitive pressure sensor for high temperature application : design and fabrication (2011)

The design, fabrication process and characterization of a silicon diaphragm capacitive pressure sensor high temperature application were reported here, which using low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. The pressure reference cavity placed inside the senor is hermetically sealed in vacuum especially for high temperature applications to avoid a change of the reference pressure. Capacitance sensing circuits associated with an Impedance Bridge are implemented in order to monitor the change the capacitor with respect to that of the potential. GaN diodes are integrated in capacitance sensing circuits to form low-pass filtering and amplifying devices. The advantage of the integration of the GaN diode offers wide band gap; non-intrinsic at much higher temperature or less demand on cooling, high breakdown field, good electron mobility and thermal conductivity as well as high mechanical and thermal stability.
Studies on the Formation of the Internucleotidic Bond in RNA Synthesis Using Dialkylamino Phosphoroamidites (1990)

Abstract Several N,N-dialkylamlno-cyanoethyl-phosphoroamidites were tested for use in solid-phase synthesis of homo-uridine RNA fragments. N-ethyl-N-me-thylamino protection gave the best results. The corresponding monomer is stable for several months and an average coupling yield of 97 % was obtained after 4 minutes of condensation using this agent.
Sequence evolution of putative cytotoxic T cell epitopes in NS3 region of hepatitis C virus (2004)

Amber mutation and changes of consensus sequence in HCV NS3 region may be related to viral immune escape.
Assessment of corner-rounding improvement by automatic software correction on laser pattern generator manufactured photomasks (1998)

With smaller feature sizes and higher pattern densities on high end reticles for DUV lithography, pattern fidelity on mask features becomes essential for wafer lithography performance. The corner rounding on the mask directly results in line shortening on the wafer. One of the main disadvantages of modern laser pattern generating tools for mask making like the ALTA tools, compared to electron beam tools like the latest MEBES4500, is pattern fidelity. The corner radius on photo-masks is mainly determined by the beam spot diameter used for printing, and the resist and chrome etching process following. This paper will discuss the possibility to reduce corner rounding on ALTA reticles by applying small serifs to feature corners in the ALTA exposure data by automatic software correction of the original design data. Issues as correction time of a chip, increase in data volume and the effect on mask manufacturing will be discussed. High resolution images, CD-measurements and aerial images of regular and corner rounding improved features will be compared. The gain in corner rounding of masks manufactured on the ALTA3000 and ALTA3500 are evaluated. Feasibility and applicability of that method in a mask shop manufacturing flow is discussed.
Endocannabinoid and serotonergic systems are needed for acetaminophen-induced analgesia (2008)

Acetaminophen is the most used analgesic/antipyretic drug. Its unclear mechanism of action could rely on cyclooxygenase inhibition, NO synthesis blockade or reinforcement of the serotonergic system. Here we show that in thermal, mechanical and chemical pain tests, AM-251, a specific CB(1) receptor antagonist, abolished the analgesic action of acetaminophen, which was also lost in CB(1) receptor knockout mice. Moreover, acetaminophen was shown unable to bind to CB(1) receptors demonstrating an indirect involvement of these receptors in the analgesic effect of this compound. Accordingly with these results, we also demonstrated that the inhibition of FAAH, an enzyme involved in the cerebral metabolism of acetaminophen into AM404, known to reinforce the activity of the endocannabinoid system, suppressed the antinociceptive effect of acetaminophen. In addition, similarly to the interaction of acetaminophen with bulbospinal serotonergic pathways and spinal serotonin receptors, we observed that the antinociceptive activity of ACEA, a CB(1) receptor agonist, was inhibited by lesion of bulbospinal serotonergic pathways and antagonists of spinal 5-HT receptors. We therefore propose that acetaminophen-induced analgesia could involve the following sequence: (1) FAAH-dependent metabolism of acetaminophen into AM404; (2) indirect involvement of CB(1) receptors by this metabolite; (3) endocannabinoid-dependent reinforcement of the serotonergic bulbospinal pathways, and (4) involvement of spinal pain-suppressing serotonergic receptors.
Identification of a direct interaction between interleukin 2 and the p64 interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain. (1993)

The interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) consists of at least two subunits, alpha and beta, both of which can bind interleukin 2 (IL-2). Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a third subunit, a 64-kDa molecule termed IL-2R gamma chain, and have suggested that gamma chain functions to regulate the rate of IL-2 dissociation from the receptor. In the present report we have addressed whether the gamma chain modulates IL-2R affinity by contributing contact sites for IL-2 binding. Using reagents that allow the IL-2R complex to be immunoprecipitated through the IL-2 molecule itself, we demonstrate the existence of a stable IL-2-IL-2R gamma-chain complex. These studies thus establish that the IL-2R gamma chain directly contributes to the IL-2-binding site, consistent with the hypothesis that gamma chain influences IL-2R affinity through its direct interaction with IL-2.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen, XXVII[1] Cyclopaldsäure und 3-O-Methyl-cyclopolsäure, zwei antibiotisch wirksame Substanzen aus Aspergillus duricaulis/Investigations on Metabolites of Microorganisms, XXVII [1] Cyelopaldic Acid and 3-O-Methyl Cyclopolic Acid, Two Antibiotically Active Substances from Aspergillus duricaulis (1982)

Abstract 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-formyl-7-methoxy-6-methyl-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone [=cyclopaldic acid] (1) and 5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-3,7-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1(3H)-isobenzofura-none [= 3-O-methyl cyclopolic acid] (2) were isolated from Aspergillus duricaulis-, those compounds were found to be antibiotically active.
Automated three-dimensional detection and classification of living organisms using digital holographic microscopy with partial spatial coherent source: application to the monitoring of drinking water resources (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the use of a digital holographic microscope working with partially coherent spatial illumination for an automated detection and classification of living organisms. A robust automatic method based on the computation of propagating matrices is proposed to detect the 3D position of organisms. We apply this procedure to the evaluation of drinking water resources by developing a classification process to identify parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia cysts among two other similar organisms. By selecting textural features from the quantitative optical phase instead of morphological ones, a robust classifier is built to propose a new method for the unambiguous detection of Giardia lamblia cyst that present a critical contamination risk.
Functionalization of organic semiconductor crystals via the Diels–Alder reaction (2013)

A surface adlayer is generated on organic single crystals (tetracene and rubrene) using the site specific Diels-Alder reaction and a series of vapor phase dienophiles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms adsorption on the surfaces of tetracene and rubrene and mass spectrometry demonstrates the reaction's applicability to a range of dienophiles.
Who Should Have Surgery for Spinal Stenosis? Treatment Effect Predictors in SPORT (2012)

With the exception of smokers, patients who met strict inclusion criteria improved more with surgery than with nonoperative treatment, regardless of other specific characteristics. However, TE varied significantly across certain subgroups, and these data can be used to individualize shared decision making discussions about likely outcomes. Smoking cessation should be considered before surgery for SpS.
A Counter based ADC Non-linearity Measurement Circuit and Its Application to Reliability Testing (2019)

In this paper, we present a counter based measurement circuit for in-situ characterization of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) differential non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL). An array of counters collects the histogram of the ADC output code for a triangular input voltage. Since the ADC operation and data transfer operation are separated in time, the DNL and INL results are immune to noise in the measurement setup. Using the proposed characterization method, we studied short-term bias temperature instability (BTI) effects in a successive-approximate-register ADC under different operating conditions.
Pd-Catalyzed Imine Cyclization: Synthesis of Antimalarial Natural Products Aplidiopsamine A, Marinoquinoline A, and Their Potential Hybrid NCLite-M1 (2012)

Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of imines has been developed to construct the extremely rare 3H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]quinoline ring system for diversity oriented first total synthesis of antimalarial marine natural product Aplidiopsamine A as well as synthesis of Marinoquinoline A and potential natural product hybrid NCLite-M1.
Caching and Asynchronous Pages (2010)

Caching is the technique of storing an in-memory copy of some information that's expensive to create. For example, you could cache the results of a complex query so that subsequent requests don't need to access the database at all. Instead, they can grab the appropriate object directly from server memory—a much faster proposition. The real beauty of caching is that unlike many other performance-enhancing techniques, caching bolsters both performance and scalability. Performance is better because the time taken to retrieve the information is cut down dramatically. Scalability is improved because you work around bottlenecks such as database connections. As a result, the application can serve more simultaneous page requests with fewer database operations.KeywordsUser ControlDynamic ContentQuery StringServer MemoryThread PoolThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Mitochondrial Translocation of Protein Kinase C δ in Phorbol Ester-induced Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis (2000)

Apoptosis is induced by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. The present studies demonstrate that the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) delta from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. The results also show that translocation of PKCdelta results in release of cytochrome c. The functional significance of this event is further supported by the demonstration that PKCdelta translocation is required for TPA-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that translocation of PKCdelta to mitochondria is responsible, at least in part, for inducing cytochrome c release and apoptosis.