gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auctions with Resale Market and Asymmetric Information (2008)

In this paper we study the role of resale opportunities in secondary markets over the bidding process in first and second price auctions. This trade opportunity arises owing to the presence of two factors. On the one hand, after receiving the object, the winner obtains new information about the object’s value and on the other hand, the winner may suffer a liquidity shock that force him to sell the object regardless of his valuation. The buyer in the secondary market, however, does not know if the good is being sold because the new information reveals bad news regarding the object’s valuation, or because a liquidity shock affected the seller. Our results show that revenue equivalence still holds, and bids are usually lower than those observed in the absence of liquidity shocks.
Oligonucleotide‐mediated gene editing is underestimated in cells expressing mutated green fluorescent protein and is positively associated with target protein expression (2012)

Our data establish that ssODN-mediated gene editing is underestimated in cultured mammalian cells expressing nonfluorescent mutated EGFP, because of variable expression of this mEGFP target gene in the cell population. This conclusion was endorsed by studies in HEK293T-mEGFP and HepG2-mEGFP cells. We infer that oligonucleotide-directed editing of endogenous genes is feasible, particularly for those that are transcriptionally active.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> ATCC 53103 (2009)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a facultatively heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium and is frequently isolated from human gastrointestinal mucosa of healthy individuals. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, isolated from a healthy human intestinal flora, is one of the most widely used and well-documented probiotics. Here, we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of this organism.
Scattering of a partially-coherent wave from a material circular cylinder (2013)

The case of a partially-coherent wave scattered from a material circular cylinder is investigated. Expressions for the TMz and TEz scattered-field cross-spectral density functions are derived by utilizing the plane-wave spectrum representation of electromagnetic fields and cylindrical wave transformations. From the analytical scattered-field cross-spectral density functions, the mean scattering widths are derived and subsequently validated via comparison with those computed from Method of Moments Monte Carlo simulations. The analytical relations as well as the simulation results are discussed and physically interpreted. Key insights are noted and subsequently analyzed.
Co-Training on Textual Documents with a Single Natural Feature Set. (2004)

Abstract Co-training is a semi-supervised technique that allows classifiers to learn with fewer labelled documents by taking advantage of the more abundant unclassified documents. However, conventional co-training requires the dataset to be described by two disjoint and natural feature sets that are redundantly sufficient. In many practical situations datasets have a single set of features and it is not obvious how to split it into two. This paper investigates the performance of co-training with only one natural feature set in two applications: Web page classification and email filtering.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclophilin D To Protect Mitochondrial Function as a Potential Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis (2016)

Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis in acute pancreatitis (AP), a condition without specific drug treatment. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that regulates the MPTP and is a drug target for AP. We have synthesized urea-based small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilins and tested them against CypD using binding and isomerase activity assays. Thermodynamic profiles of the CypD/inhibitor interactions were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Seven new high-resolution crystal structures of CypD-inhibitor complexes were obtained to guide compound optimization. Compounds 4, 13, 14, and 19 were tested in freshly isolated murine pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) to determine inhibition of toxin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and necrotic cell death pathway activation. Compound 19 was found to have a Kd of 410 nM and a favorable thermodynamic profile, and it showed significant protection of ΔΨm and reduced necrosis of murine as well as human PACs. Compound 19 holds significant promise for future lead optimization.
Samarium Barbier Reactions of α-Iodomethyloxazoles and Thiazoles with Aliphatic Aldehydes (2005)

[reaction: see text] The reductive coupling of substituted alpha-iodomethyloxazoles and thiazoles with aliphatic aldehydes under Barbier conditions provides an effective method for the direct incorporation of intact heterocyclic systems.
Aspect-driven, data-reflective and context-aware user interfaces design (2013)

The increasing use of Web-based applications continues to broaden the user groups of enterprise applications at large. Since ordinary users often equate the quality of user interface (UI) with the quality of the entire application, the importance of providing easy-to-use UIs has been significantly increasing. Unfortunately, designing a single UI satisfying all end users remains challenging. To address this issue, researchers and developers are looking to Context-aware/Adaptive UIs (CUIs) that aim to provide end users with more personalized user interaction experiences. Although multiple proposals have been made, very few production systems provide such malleable interfaces due to the excessive cost of development and maintenance. In this paper, we propose a technique that aims to reduce development and maintenance efforts of CUI to a level comparable with a single UI. Unlike most of the existing CUI approaches, our technique does not involve an external UI model. Instead, it aims to reflect runtime-information and structures already captured in the application, while extending them to provide an appropriate CUI. With this technique, developers do not design forms or tables directly for each page or panel. Instead they design generic and reusable transformation rules capable of presenting application data instances in the UI while considering the runtime context. To demonstrate our technique and its impact on CUI development and maintenance, we provide a case study. Moreover, we present our experience from its application to an existing production-level enterprise application, with high demands on performance.
Two hour DNA hybridizations using a new transfer membrane (1989)

Journal Article Two hour DNA hybridizations using a new transfer membrane Get access W. Mann, W. Mann The Rockefeller University1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 100021-6399, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V.S. Venkatraj, V.S. Venkatraj The Rockefeller University1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 100021-6399, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.D. Auerbach A.D. Auerbach The Rockefeller University1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 100021-6399, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 13, 11 July 1989, Page 5410, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.13.5410 Published: 11 July 1989 Article history Received: 23 May 1989 Published: 11 July 1989
Sir Thomas More and his Friends (1934)

Sir Thomas More and his Friends Get access Notes and Queries, Volume CLXVI, Issue apr07, 7 April 1934, Page 251, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXVI.apr07.251 Published: 07 April 1934
-"Luminoscopy"-Novel Tool for the Diagnosis of Crystalline Silicon solar cells and Modules Utilizing Electroluminescence (2006)

We propose a novel technique of "Luminoscopy" in which the deficiencies in the cells and modules can be clearly detected by photographic surveying of electroluminescence (EL) without any probing tools. Under the forward bias condition, the cell emits infrared light (lambda=1100 to 1200 nm), whose intensity reflects the number of minority carriers in p-type layer. The EL intensity distribution clearly agreed with map of L in poly-Si. This technique has another attractive feature. The crack and defect show low EL intensity. This work was focused on the inspection of silicon solar cells. Cracks or defects in cell or modules were detected within very short time less than 1s at room temperature. This result demonstrates that "Luminoscopy" have the potential for in-line inspection in production
Efficient conversion from binary to multi-digit multi-dimensional logarithmic number systems using arrays of range addressable look-up tables (2003)

The multi-dimensional logarithmic number system (MDLNS), with similar properties to the logarithmic number system (LNS), provides more degrees of freedom than the LNS by virtue of having two orthogonal bases and the ability to use multiple digits. Unlike the LNS, there is no direct functional relationship between binary/floating point representation and the MDLNS representation. Traditionally look-up tables (LUTs) were used to move from the binary domain to the MDLNS domain. This method can be unrealistic for hardware implementation when large binary ranges or multiple digits are used. This paper introduces a range addressable technique for table look-up arrays that allows efficient conversion from binary to single or multi-digit MDLNS.
Unexpected fold in the circumsporozoite protein target of malaria vaccines (2012)

Circumsporozoite (CS) protein is the major surface component of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and is essential for host cell invasion. A vaccine containing tandem repeats, region III, and thrombospondin type-I repeat (TSR) of CS is efficacious in phase III trials but gives only a 35% reduction in severe malaria in the first year postimmunization. We solved crystal structures showing that region III and TSR fold into a single unit, an "αTSR" domain. The αTSR domain possesses a hydrophobic pocket and core, missing in TSR domains. CS binds heparin, but αTSR does not. Interestingly, polymorphic T-cell epitopes map to specialized αTSR regions. The N and C termini are unexpectedly close, providing clues for sporozoite sheath organization. Elucidation of a unique structure of a domain within CS enables rational design of next-generation subunit vaccines and functional and medicinal chemical investigation of the conserved hydrophobic pocket.
Systemic Effect Comparisons of Six Inhaled Corticosteroid Preparations (2002)

The goal of this study was to establish a reliable method to evaluate systemic bioavailability and to determine equisystemic effects (microgram dose producing equal systemic cortisol suppression) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Steroid naive asthma subjects (n = 156) were enrolled at six centers. A 1-week doubling dose design was used for each of six ICS and matched placebos for a total of four doses. Systemic effect was evaluated by hourly plasma cortisol concentrations (8 P.M. to 8 A.M.), 12- and 24-hour urine cortisol concentrations, and a morning blood osteocalcin. The area under the concentration-time curve for hourly cortisol concentrations was the best outcome variable to assess systemic effect. For the six ICS and matching placebos (beclomethasone-chlorofluorocarbon [CFC], budesonide dry powder inhaler [DPI], fluticasone DPI, fluticasone-CFC metered dose inhaler [MDI], flunisolide-CFC, and triamcinolone-CFC), only the placebo group and fluticasone DPI did not demonstrate a significant dose-response effect. Thus microgram comparison of all ICS could only be performed at a 10% cortisol suppression: flunisolide-CFC - 936; triamcinolone-CFC - 787; beclomethasone-CFC - 548; fluticasone DPI - 445; budesonide DPI - 268; fluticasone-CFC MDI - 111. This study represents the first step in evaluation of ICS efficacy based on equisystemic (cortisol suppression) effects of a given ICS, rather than doses judged arbitrarily to be comparable on a microgram basis.
Allosteric Chirality Amplification in Zinc Bilinone Dimer (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAllosteric Chirality Amplification in Zinc Bilinone DimerTadashi Mizutani, Noriaki Sakai, Shigeyuki Yagi, Toru Takagishi, Susumu Kitagawa, and Hisanobu OgoshiView Author Information Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan Department of Applied Materials Science College of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan Fukui National College of Technology Geshi, Sabae, Fukui 916-0064 Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 4, 748–749Publication Date (Web):January 19, 2000Publication History Received30 August 1999Revised22 December 1999Published online19 January 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993121bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993121brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chirality,Molecular structure,Monomers,Oligomers,Zinc Get e-Alerts
Femtosecond laser–assisted technique for performing bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens implantation (2013)

We describe a technique for femtosecond laser-assisted bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Anterior capsulotomy and lens division into small pieces are performed by the laser. A fluid-filled interface makes it possible to re-dock the laser to the eye for posterior capsulotomy after the eye has been opened for lens aspiration without complications. The integrated optical coherence tomography also visualizes the posterior capsule, allowing a centered central posterior capsulotomy for uncomplicated IOL positioning. In 31 patients, no complications were observed within a 1-month follow-up. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery facilitated the BIL technique.
digeR: a graphical user interface R package for analyzing 2D-DIGE data (2009)

digeR package is freely available from the CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/digeR/index.html.
Automatic Conversion of Mechanical Engineering Drawings to CAD Data. (1994)

Engineering drawings on paper have several disadvantages; they require a large storage space, are subject to deterioration, and are difficult to reuse. Several systems have been proposed to convert drawings to computer data. Most of them, however, rely on simple bottom-up algorithms and are very time-consuming because they must depend on human intervention for resolving recognition bottlenecks.
Prostate Cancers in Men with Low PSA Levels — Must We Find Them? (2004)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among men in the United States. In the era before prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, most prostate cancers were identified at a stage (T2 or T3) that could not be cured. Today, with the widespread use of PSA screening, most prostate cancers are identified at an earlier stage, which can be treated effectively with surgical or nonsurgical approaches. Once PSA screening became widespread in the United States, the rate of death from prostate cancer declined — for example, in 1997 it fell below the rate recorded in 1986, a year . . .
Iron in Pregnancy – How Do We Secure an Appropriate Iron Status in the Mother and Child? (2011)

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy are risk factors for preterm delivery, prematurity, and small for gestational age birth weight. Iron deficiency has a negative effect on intelligence and behavioral development in the infant. It is essential to prevent iron deficiency in the fetus by preventing iron deficiency in the pregnant woman. The requirements for absorbed iron increase during pregnancy from ∼1.0 mg/day in the first trimester to 7.5 mg/day in the third trimester. More than 90% of Scandinavian women of reproductive age have a dietary iron intake below the recommended 15 mg/day. Among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, ∼40% have plasma ferritin ≤30 μg/l, i.e. an unfavorable iron status with respect to pregnancy. An adequate iron status during pregnancy implies body iron reserves ≥500 mg at conception, but only 15-20% of women have iron reserves of such a magnitude. Iron supplements during pregnancy reduce the prevalence of IDA. In Europe, IDA can be prevented by a general low-dose iron prophylaxis of 30-40 mg ferrous iron taken between meals from early pregnancy to delivery. In affluent societies, individual iron prophylaxis tailored by the ferritin concentration should be preferred to general prophylaxis. Suggested guidelines are: ferritin >70 μg/l, no iron supplements; ferritin 31-70 μg/l, 30-40 mg ferrous iron per day, and ferritin ≤30 μg/l, 60-80 mg ferrous iron per day. In women with ferritin <15 μg/l, i.e. depleted iron reserves and possible IDA, therapeutic doses of 100 mg ferrous iron per day should be advised.
Enhanced Tolerance to Stretch-Induced Performance Degradation of Stretchable MnO<sub>2</sub>-Based Supercapacitors (2015)

The performance of many stretchable electronics, such as energy storage devices and strain sensors, is highly limited by the structural breakdown arising from the stretch imposed. In this article, we focus on a detailed study on materials matching between functional materials and their conductive substrate, as well as enhancement of the tolerance to stretch-induced performance degradation of stretchable supercapacitors, which are essential for the design of a stretchable device. It is revealed that, being widely utilized as the electrode material of the stretchable supercapacitor, metal oxides such as MnO2 nanosheets have serious strain-induced performance degradation due to their rigid structure. In comparison, with conducting polymers like a polypyrrole (PPy) film as the electrochemically active material, the performance of stretchable supercapacitors can be well preserved under strain. Therefore, a smart design is to combine PPy with MnO2 nanosheets to achieve enhanced tolerance to strain-induced performance degradation of MnO2-based supercapacitors, which is realized by fabricating an electrode of PPy-penetrated MnO2 nanosheets. The composite electrodes exhibit a remarkable enhanced tolerance to strain-induced performance degradation with well-preserved performance over 93% under strain. The detailed morphology and electrochemical impedance variations are investigated for the mechanism analyses. Our work presents a systematic investigation on the selection and matching of electrode materials for stretchable supercapacitors to achieve high performance and great tolerance to strain, which may guide the selection of functional materials and their substrate materials for the next-generation of stretchable electronics.
Nano- and pico-dispensing of fluids on planar substrates using SAW (2004)

The increasing interest in miniaturization of biological and chemical experiments or assays demands precise metering of the smallest amounts of reagents, e.g., on a planar substrate. Very sophisticated spotting systems can nowadays produce arrays of many thousands of different substances on an area of a few square inches. Such micro arrays and the technology behind them have become an important tool in genomic expression assays, proteomic applications, and even in the field of combinatoric chemistry. We present a technique to dispense the smallest amounts of fluids in the form of either simple spots or more complicated microarrays, where we use surface acoustic waves in combination with a predetermined surface chemistry. In addition to a detailed description of the technique, several examples of applications are presented.
Variable-Range Hopping Conduction in the Assembly of Boron-Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Temperature dependence of the electric resistance was measured in the temperature range between 5 and 290 K for the assembly of the boron-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (B-doped MWNTs). The observed temperature dependence was explained by the mechanism of three-dimensional variable-range hopping (3D-VRH) conduction, and the characteristic temperature T0 of 3D-VRH was varied between 1.5 and 625 K. This change of T0 was systematically explained by the change of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level N(0) of B-doped MWNTs. In addition, the boron-doping-induced electron spin resonance (ESR) signals were detected at g = 2.001 and 2.002, and the relative values of the ESR intensities were consistent with the enhancement factors of N(0) derived from 3D-VRH. These facts were explained by the substitutional doping of the boron atoms to the sp2-bonded carbon network that organizes the nanotube wall.
Metabonomic Deconvolution Of Embedded Toxicity:  Application To Thioacetamide Hepato- and Nephrotoxicity (2005)

We present here the potential of an integrated metabonomic strategy to deconvolute the biofluid metabolic signatures in experimental animals following multiple organ toxicities, using the well-known hepato- and nephrotoxin, thioacetamide. Male Han-Wistar rats were dosed with thioacetamide (150 mg/kg, n = 25), and urine, plasma, liver, and kidney samples were collected postdose for conventional NMR and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. These data were correlated with histopathology and plasma clinical chemistry collected at all time points. 1H MAS NMR data from liver and kidney were related to sequential 1H NMR measurements in urine and plasma using pattern recognition methods. One-dimensional 1H NMR spectra were data-reduced and analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) to show the time-dependent biochemical variations induced by thioacetamide toxicity. From the eigenvector loadings of the PCA, those regions of the 1H NMR spectra, and hence the combinations of endogenous metabolites marking the main phase of the toxic episode, were identified. The thioacetamide-induced biochemical manifestations included a renal and hepatic lipidosis accompanied by hypolipidaemia; increased urinary excretion of taurine and creatine concomitant with elevated creatine in liver, kidney, and plasma; a shift in energy metabolism characterized by depleted liver glucose and glycogen; reduced urinary excretion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and raised plasma ketone bodies; increased levels of tissue and plasma amino acids leading to amino aciduria verifying necrosis-enhanced protein degradation and renal dysfunction; and elevated hepatic and urinary bile acids indicating secondary damage to the biliary system. This integrated metabonomic approach has been able to identify the tissue of origin for biomarkers present in the metabolic profiles of biofluids, following the onset and progression of a multiorgan pathology, and as such highlights its potential in the evaluation of embedded toxicity in novel drug candidates.