gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis is dependent on the photosynthetic electron transport chain but independent of sugars in Arabidopsis (2007)

It has been known that leaves exposed to high light contain more L-ascorbic acid (AsA) than those in the shade. However, the mechanism of the light regulation of the AsA pool size in plants is largely unknown. In this work, the relationship between gene expression levels related to AsA biosynthesis and photosynthesis have been studied. When 2-week-old Arabidopsis plants grown under a 16 h daily photoperiod were moved into the dark, the AsA level in the leaves was decreased by 91% in 72 h, whereas it increased by 171% in the leaves of plants exposed to continuous light during the same period. Among the several enzymes of the AsA biosynthesis pathway, the transcript levels of GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase, L-galactose 1-P phosphatase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and the VTC2 gene were down-regulated in the dark. Treatment with inhibitors of photosynthesis, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and atrazine, arrested a rise in the AsA pool size accompanying the decrease in the transcript levels of the genes of the above enzyme in the leaves. When the plants were transferred to a medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, the photosynthesis activities and the leaf AsA levels were lowered even under exposure to light compared with those in plants on the medium without sucrose. In contrast, the AsA level in leaves of the sugar-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant abi4/sun6 was unaffected by external sucrose. No significant difference in the expression profiles for AsA biosynthesis enzymes was observed between the wild-type and mutant plants by sucrose feeding. The results suggest that photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts is closely related to AsA pool size regulation in leaves.
Prozessorientiertes IT-Service-Management an Hochschulen (2006)

Nach dem Höhenflug des E-Learning an den Hochschulen hat sich mittlerweile eine gewisse Ernüchterung eingestellt. Vor allem von den Hochschulleitungen werden vermehrt Fragen nach der Verstetigung der begonnenen Projekte und ihrer Einbettung in alte und neue Organisationsstrukturen gestellt. Basierend auf dem organisationstheoretischen Ansatz der neo-institutionalistischen Organisationsforschung sollen diese Ansätze zur Reorganisation der Unterstützungssysteme untersucht und Konsequenzen für eine stärker prozessorientierte Sichtweise formuliert werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für die zukünftige Rolle der IT-Dienstleistungen für das E-Learning. Mit Hilfe des Rahmenmodells zum IT-Service-Management, der IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), die in Unternehmen und öffentlichen Verwaltungen weit verbreitet ist, können Kernprozesse identifiziert und auf die Hochschulen übertragen werden. Hieraus ergeben sich erste Implementierungsansätze, die anhand von Praxisbeispielen erläutert werden. Abschließend lassen sich hieraus Folgerungen für zukünftige Entwicklungen ableiten. (DIPF/Orig.)
Effect of processing parameters on coconut oil expression efficiencies (2005)

The effect of process parameters on oil expression efficiency from freshly dried coconut gratings was investigated. The range of parameters investigated were: pressing time, 4 and 8 min; particle size, fine (0.6 - 1.18 mm) and coarse (1.18 - 2.36 mm); pressure, 3-33 MPa; moisture content, 3%, 7%, 11% and 15%; and temperature, 30 degrees C, 60 degrees C and 90 degrees C. Results showed that 8 min of pressing and finer particles both led to significantly (P < 0.05) higher oil expression efficiency. The pressure increase within the range 3-13 MPa led to significantly higher oil yields, with yields leveling off thereafter. The effect of pressure increase was highly associated with the moisture content of the gratings, and the optimum moisture content under low-pressure pressing was found to be 11%. A pressing temperature of 60 degrees C led to higher oil expression efficiency, whereas a further increase of temperature to 90 degrees C did not lead to a significant increase in oil yield.
Dynamics of Gb Virus C Viremia Early After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Indicates Extrahepatic Tissues As the Predominant Site of Gb Virus C Replication (1999)

The principal site of GB virus C (GBV-C) replication is unknown. To determine whether hepatic GBV-C replication is important for the maintenance of a measurable viremia level in GBV-C infection, the influence of hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation on GBV-C viremia was investigated. GBV-C RNA levels were determined by a quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 12 patients with pretransplantation GBV-C infection before and daily after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for 25 to 28 days. Compared with the pretransplantation values (mean, 12.4 +/- 3.9 x 10(7) copies/mL), mean GBV-C RNA levels declined significantly by 1 log by day 1 after OLT (mean, 3.5 +/- 1.6 x 10(7) copies/mL), but subsequently remained relatively stable on this high level for the entire observation period, indicating ongoing high-level virus replication (mean GBV-C RNA levels on days 7 and 28 were: 1.7 +/- 0. 5 x 10(7) and 2.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(7) copies/mL; P = ns). Thus, at the end of the follow-up, mean GBV-C RNA levels were not significantly different from that of the 1st and 7th postoperative day and remained significantly lower compared with the pretransplantation values. However, in 2 of the 12 patients, different kinetics were observed. Both already had low-level viremia pre-OLT (0.02 and 0.002 x 10(7) copies/mL) and became persistently GBV-C RNA-negative 2 days after OLT. In 5 patients, liver tissues were collected 6 to 9 days after OLT and investigated for GBV-C RNA. All but 1 were GBV-C RNA-negative in the liver, although 2 of them had rather high serum GBV-C RNA levels at this time. The kinetics of GBV-C viremia observed in our study were neither influenced by the immunosuppressive therapy nor by the number of blood and blood product transfusions given after OLT. In addition, they were quite different from those observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C in whom early reinfection of the graft could be demonstrated by a steady increase in HCV RNA levels starting 3 days after OLT and exceeding preoperative levels by day 8. From our data, one can conclude that the liver is certainly not the major site of GBV-C replication in most patients. However, one cannot exclude that host or viral factors exist that predispose GBV-C replication predominantly in the liver.
New developments and concepts related to biomarker application to vaccines (2011)

This minireview will provide a perspective on new developments and concepts related to biomarker applications for vaccines. In the context of preventive vaccines, biomarkers have the potential to predict adverse events in select subjects due to differences in genetic make-up/underlying medical conditions or to predict effectiveness (good versus poor response). When expanding them to therapeutic vaccines, their utility in identification of patients most likely to respond favourably (or avoid potentially negative effects of treatment) becomes self-explanatory. Despite the progress made so far on dissection of various pathways of biological significance in humans, there is still plenty to unravel about the mysteries related to the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the human host response. This review will provide a focused overview of new concepts and developments in the field of vaccine biomarkers including (i) vaccine-dependent signatures predicting subject response and safety, (ii) predicting therapeutic vaccine efficacy in chronic diseases, (iii) exploring the genetic make-up of the host that may modulate subject-specific adverse events or affect the quality of immune responses, and (iv) the topic of volunteer stratification as a result of biomarker screening (e.g. for therapeutic vaccines but also potentially for preventive vaccines) or as a reflection of an effort to compare select groups (e.g. vaccinated subjects versus patients recovering from infection) to enable the discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers for preventive vaccines.
Characterization of Porous Materials by Gas Adsorption at Ambient Temperatures and High Pressure (2001)

Activated carbons are amorphous microporous graphitic materials formed (or activated) from a variety of organic precursers using high-temperature steam or acids. The possibility of modifying the activation process to create smaller or larger pores, from nanometers to microns in width, tailored to adsorb specific molecules or classes of molecule make activated carbons important industrial adsorbents. For the physical chemist they pose the challenge of understanding how gases adsorb in graphitic nanopores, that is, in restricted geometries, and of using that understanding to improve their characterization. One aim is to make predictions concerning the adsorption properties for a given material, i.e., a specific microstructure. In this paper we use molecular simulation methods, including Gibbs ensemble simulation, to determine new molecular models for nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide and grand canonical ensemble simulation (together with new experimental data for the adsorption of these gases on Vulcan at 298 K and up to 20 bar) to generate new adsorption isotherms for model carbon pores. These new data are used to calculate pore-size distributions for typical activated carbons. We find that at these temperatures the high-pressure carbon dioxide measurements reveal more micropore structure than the measurements of nitrogen and methane up to 20 bar, or carbon dioxide measurements up to 1 bar. We also investigate the ability of pore-size distributions (PSDs) obtained from one gas to predict the adsorption of the other gases at the same temperature. We find that carbon dioxide PSDs are the most robust in the sense that they can predict the adsorption of methane and nitrogen with reasonable accuracy.
Certificate-based access control for widely distributed resources (1999)

We have implemented and deployed an access control mechanism that uses digitally-signed certificates to define and enforce an access policy for a set of distributed resources that have multiple, independent and geographically dispersed stakeholders. The stakeholders assert their access requirements in use-condition certificates and designate those trusted to attest to the corresponding user attributes. Users are identified by X.509 identity certificates. During a request to use a resource, a policy engine collects all the relevant certificates and decides if the user satisfies all the requirements. This paper describes the model, architecture and implementation of this system. It also includes some preliminary performance measurements and our plans for future development of the system. 1. Motivation: Distributed Computing Environments In distributed computing environments such as research collaborations spanning several institutions, there may be independent and geographically dispe...
Dual fibular allograft dowel technique for sacroiliac joint arthrodesis (2013)

In patients with primary low back pain attributable to the SIJ, a minimally invasive, dual fibular dowel graft provided high rates of fusion and improved pain scores. [Table: see text].
<i>A</i>7 structure: A family of photonic crystals (1994)

We found that a whole class of structures with rhombohedral symmetry possesses sizable photonic gaps. These structures can be generated by connecting lattice points in an A7 structure by cylinders and a few structures that are known to possess photonic band gaps are in fact members of this ``parent'' structure. This class of structures also allows us to explore more systematically the criteria favorable for gap formation.
Structural and Functional Significance of Cysteine Residues of Glutathione-independent Prostaglandin D Synthase (1995)

Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase in rat brain is composed of 189 amino acid residues and catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2, an endogenous sleep-promoting substance. This enzyme is the only enzyme among members of the lipocalin superfamily composed of various secretory lipophilic ligand-carrier proteins and is recently identified to be a beta-trace protein, a major constituent of human cerebrospinal fluid. We expressed the active enzyme in Escherichia coli and then systematically substituted all cysteine residues of the delta 1-29 enzyme at positions of 65, 89, and 186 with alanine or serine. The parent and mutant enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity with a recovery of approximately 30% by chromatography with Sephadex G-50 and S-Sepharose, by which all the enzymes showed identical elution profiles. The purified enzymes, irrespective of the mutation, showed almost the same circular dichroism spectral characteristics as displayed by a highly ordered beta-structure. The recombinant enzymes containing Cys65 showed the activity comparable with that of the enzyme purified from rat brain (approximately 3 mumol/min/mg of protein) in the presence, but not in the absence, of sulfhydryl compounds. However, all of the single, double, and triple mutants without Cys65 lost the enzyme activity. The purified delta 1-29 Ala89,186 enzyme was inactivated reversibly by conjugation with glutathione at Cys65 and irreversibly by the stoichiometric chemical modification with N-ethylmaleimide. These results indicate that Cys65 is an essential thiol of the enzyme and that both the intrinsic and extrinsic sulfhydryl groups are necessary for nonoxidative rearrangement of 9,11-endoperoxide of prostaglandin H2 to produce prostaglandin D2 catalyzed by the enzyme.
Self-apodization of low-resolution pixelated lenses (1999)

We show that a pixelated lens with appropriate parameters exhibits an apodized point-spread function that originates in the finite size of the pixel's pupil. We evaluate numerically the degree of apodization and the enlargement associated with the point-spread function in terms of the parameters that characterize the pixelated lens.
Isolation blocking voltage of nitrogen ion-implanted AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structure (2010)

Nitrogen ion-implanted AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures showed an isolation blocking voltage of 900 V with a leakage current at 1 μA/mm across an implanted isolation-gap of 10 μm between two Ohmic pads. The effect of implanted gap distance (1.7, 5, or 10 μm) between two Ohmic contact pads was evaluated. The isolation current density was determined to be solely dependent on the applied field between the contact pads. A model using a combination of resistive current and Poole–Frenkel current is consistent with the experimental data. The resistance of the isolation implantation region significantly decreased after the sample was annealed at temperatures above 600 °C.
Blocking the mTOR pathway: a drug discovery perspective (2011)

Substantial drug discovery efforts have been devoted, over the last few years, to identifying and developing mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase modulators. This has resulted in a number of mTOR inhibitors with different mechanisms of action and/or distinct protein and lipid kinase selectivity profiles. As briefly reviewed in the present paper, these compounds have provided us with a better understanding of the roles of mTOR and other phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mTOR pathway components in human cancer biology, and a few of them have already demonstrated clinical benefit in cancer patients.
Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare: Current Landscape & Challenges (2018)

Several problems in healthcare stem from the complex network of intermediaries and the lack of traceability of transactions. To mention a few: healthcare data is fragmented across several silos negatively affecting research and services, about half of the clinical trials are never reported, the cost of drug discovery is ever increasing, and substandard and fake medicines are still a huge problem. Blockchain has the potential to solve these problems as it provides trust without any intermediaries, has traceability as a default feature, and promises new business models by enabling novel incentive structures. Due to its potential, blockchain has gathered significant interest in the healthcare industry. In this paper, we review major use cases of blockchain in healthcare: patient data management, pharmaceutical research, supply chain management of medical goods, prescription management, billing claims management, analytics, and telemedicine alongside the related projects. We found that most of the blockchain projects are limited as white-papers, proof of concepts, and products with a limited user base. However, we observed that the quantity, quality, and maturity of the projects are increasing. We also discuss technical, regulatory, and business challenges to the adoption of blockchain in the healthcare industry
Modeling of ultrawidely tunable vertical cavity air-gap filters and VCSELs (2003)

Tunable vertical cavity devices including an air-gap integrated in the cavity have been designed, fabricated, and investigated. The ultrawide wavelength tuning is realized by micromechanical actuation of Bragg mirror membranes. Based on optical and mechanical model calculations, the air-gap filters and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are designed for investigating mainly the optical tuning efficiency. In our research, we focus on two different mirror material systems, dielectric Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and InP/air-gap Bragg mirrors and on two tuning concepts, respectively. For the dielectric mirrors, continuous tuning is achieved by thermal actuation of the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mirror membranes, and for InP/air-gap mirrors, electrostatic actuation of the InP membranes is used. To verify the optical and mechanical simulations, InP/air-gap filters are characterized by measuring reflectance spectra and the tuning behavior. The measured results agree with the simulations used to optimize the micromechanical and optical characteristics of air-gap filters and VCSELs for optical communication applications.
Circadian Clock Mutants in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Identified by Luciferase Imaging (1995)

The cycling bioluminescence of Arabidopsis plants carrying a firefly luciferase fusion construct was used to identify mutant individuals with aberrant cycling patterns. Both long- and short-period mutants were recovered. A semidominant short-period mutation, timing of CAB expression (toc1), was mapped to chromosome 5. The toc1 mutation shortens the period of two distinct circadian rhythms, the expression of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) genes and the movements of primary leaves, although toc1 mutants do not show extensive pleiotropy for other phenotypes.
Co-immobilization of polymeric luminol, iron(ii) tris(5-aminophenanthroline) and glucose oxidase at an electrode surface, and its application as a glucose optrode (2002)

The anodic polymerization of 3-aminophthalhydrazide (luminol) and iron(II) tris 5-aminophenanthroline (Fe(phen-NH2)3(2+)) has been reported in this paper. A bilayer electrode was developed based on these polymers and the ITO conductive glass (denoted ITO[Fe(phen-NH2)3(2+)]luminol electrode). This electrode emitted light (lambdaem: 430 nm) as it was brought into contact with H2O2. At pH 10, the resulting electrochemiluminescence (ECL) showed a linear relationship with the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 10 microM(-1) mM. This bilayer electrode also showed an application potential for the detection of glucose after being further modified with glucose oxidase (denoted ITO[Fe(phen-NH2)3(2+)]luminol]GOx electrode). Although the resulting ECL decayed more rapidly in concentrated glucose solutions (e.g., I M) because of the consumption of luminol during use, the decay became less severe in diluted glucose solutions (e.g., 10 mM). According to the flow injection analysis, a linear relationship existed between the ECL and the concentration of glucose from 10(-5)-10(-3) M at pH 9. The detection limit could reach a level of 5 x 10(-5) M at this pH.
Chronic Active Hepatitis in Dogs Associated with Leptospires (1979)

Chronic active hepatitis was diagnosed in five American Foxhounds from one kennel. Spirochetes were demonstrated in the liver in four of the dogs. A rising titer to Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa was found in the fifth dog, although spirochetes were not demonstrated in tissues. A serologic survey at the kennel revealed evidence of exposure of 6 of 13 dogs to grippotyphosa. This is the first report of an association between chronic active hepatitis leptospiral infection in any species.
Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein (2001)

Vaccinia virus produces several forms of infectious virions. Intracellular mature virions (IMV) assemble in areas close to the cell nucleus. Some IMV acquire an envelope from intracellular membranes derived from the trans-Golgi network, producing enveloped forms found in the cytosol (intracellular enveloped virus; IEV), on the cell surface (cell-associated enveloped virus) or free in the medium (extracellular enveloped virus; EEV). Blockage of IMV envelopment inhibits transport of virions to the cell surface, indicating that enveloped virus forms are required for virion movement from the Golgi area. To date, the induction of actin tails that propel IEV is the only well-characterized mechanism for enveloped virus transport. However, enveloped virus transport and release occur under conditions where actin tails are not formed. In order to study these events, recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed with GFP fused to the most abundant protein in the EEV envelope, P37 (F13L). The P37–GFP fusion, like normal P37, accumulated in the Golgi area and was incorporated efficiently into enveloped virions. These recombinants allowed the monitoring of enveloped virus movements in vivo . In addition to a variety of relatively slow movements (<0·4 μm/s), faster, saltatory movements both towards and away from the Golgi area were observed. These movements were different from those dependent on actin tails and were inhibited by the microtubule-disrupting drug nocodazole, but not by the myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Video microscopy (5 frames per s) revealed that saltatory movements had speeds of up to, and occasionally more than, 3 μm/s. These results suggest that a second, microtubule-dependent mechanism exists for intracellular transport of enveloped vaccinia virions.
Asymptotically Optimum Space-Diversity Detection in Non-Gaussian Noise (1986)

The theory of asympoticalllly optimum detection in nonGaussian noise is considered to synthesize a space-diversity structure for the noncoherent detection of a bandpass signal subject to amplitude fluctuations. An asymptotic sufficient statistic is obtained for arbitrary fading laws on the diversity branches and, then, for Rayleigh-distributed amplitude fluctuations, the asymptotically optimum detector is synthesized. The performance of the proposed detection structure is obtained and numerical results and comments are presented. Moreover, a comparison between the asymptotically optimum detector and a simple suboptimum structure is made.