gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiment of 10-T, 60-cm-bore Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn test module coil (TMC-1) for the cluster test program (1983)

A 60-cm-bore coil wound with a reacted multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor, named as TMC-1, was constructed. A magnetic field of 10.2 T was successfully generated at a current of 6,056 A with a back-up field of 3.3 T from the cluster test coil. The total stored energy was 39 MJ. The strain of the Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor was 0.67 % including a bending strain of 0.54 % during winding. Moreover, a 30-cm-length normal zone, nucleated by heater-input technique in the innermost turn, was recovered to superconducting state at 10 T. This means that a heat flux of conductor cooling surface is more than 1.08 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For the manual dump with a decay time of 14 second(B=0.48 T/sec.), the TMC-1 was stable without any damage. The TMC-1, which is pool-cooled at 4.2 K, is constructed as a step of the development of high field toroidal coil in a tokamak fusion machine. From thease results, it is demonstrated that multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor is applicable to large-current and large-size coil.
Optically Interconnected Data Center Using Software-Defined Networking Technology (2013)

An OFDM-based all-optical intra-data center network architecture without optical or electrical switches is described. It offers large capacity any-to-any switching with flexible fine granular bandwidth sharing, low power, low cost, and software-defined centralized control.
Interval breast cancer: is it a different type of breast cancer? (2001)

We have compared tumour type, tumour size, tumour grade and axillary lymph node status in three groups of women, 230 interval breast cancers (IC) in the West Sussex Breast Screening programme and 625 screen detected (SD) cancers and 916 symptomatic (S) cancers treated at Worthing Hospital between July 1989 to April 1996. Our true interval cancer detection rates were 5.28, 11.28 and 15.3 per 10,000 screened women for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year after screening. The proportionate incidences of true interval cancer were 29%, 61% and 82% for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year, similar to others' programmes in UK. In our programme a large proportion (42%) of IC and more than half of the true IC presented in the 3rd year after screening. Out of 230 interval cancers, 40% (90) were unclassifiable, the remaining 60% (140) were classified as: True interval cancers (T) 54% (76), False Negative Subtle (FNS) 12% (16), Occult (O) 12% (17), and 22% (31) as False Negative (FN). Analysis of interval cancers according to their classification did not demonstrate any significant difference with respect to tumour size (chi2 5.59, df 4, P=0.22), tumour grade (chi2 5.29, df 4, P=0.25) and axillary node status (chi2 3.16, df 4, P=0.53) thus establishing interval cancers as a single group. Invasive ductal carcinoma of no specific type was the main tumour type in all three groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in size between the groups (df 2, F=71.36, p<0.0001). Symptomatic cancers were 1.19 times the size of IC while SD were 0.83 times the size of IC. The difference in groups in terms of tumour grade was significant (Kruskal-Wallis test chi2 33.31, df 2, P<0.0001). The incidence of grade 2 tumours was similar in the three groups while a third of the IC and S were grade 3 tumours. Comparison of axillary node status showed a significant difference between the three groups (chi2 26.59, df 2, P<0.0001). When means and 75th percentiles were compared IC had the greatest number of positive nodes while SD had the smallest number of positive nodes. Interval cancers are the middle spectrum between symptomatic and screen detected breast cancers and represent small cancers (<10 mm) not detected at the time of screening and de novo cancers developing in the screening interval. The need for improving the sensitivity of current screening methods and identifying newer methods of breast cancer detection is highlighted by our study.
Separation: Acoustic Separation of Nanoparticles in Continuous Flow (Adv. Funct. Mater. 14/2017) (2017)

Tony Jun Huang and co-workers use a standing acoustic wave field to achieve size-based separation of nanoparticles. As the researchers describe in article number 1606039, large particles experience stronger deflection than smaller ones. The method requires neither label, nor contact and applies a principle that is independent of particle charge, polarity or buffer conditions, rendering it particularly promising for biomedical applications.
Photosynthesis Inhibition as a Tool for Apple Fruitlet Thinning (2017)

The possible mechanisms of apple fruitlet abscission are presented in this\npaper. Prevailing hypothesis on hormonal triggered processes in the event of “correlative\ndominance effects” of adjacent fruitlets or nearby shoot tips has the opponent theory of\nassimilate supply dependent fruitlet abscission. Assimilation shortage may also be involved in\nthe correlative auxin processes but the connections of both statements are not clear yet. On\nlast years a lot of evidence is provided in support of assimilation dependent fruitlet abscission\nprocess. At the time just after the end of the flowering, a strong competition between fruitlets\nand shoots for photosynthates exist. Shading experiments comparable for a few days of\ncloudy weather provoked strong natural apple fruitlet abscission. If the applications of\nchemical thinners are followed by a few days of shading, much stronger abscission occurs\ncomparing to thinner applications without shade. A photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron has\ngone into registration for fruitlet thinning purpose and is available in Europe last year. A good\nthinning results can be achieved up to 14 mm king fruit diameter, but additional studies\nshould be made to adapt dosage for the present and predicted light intensity at the time just\nafter metamitron application.
Die quantitative Verbrennung Fluor‐haltiger organischer Substanzen (1954)

Abstract Die vom Verfasser entwickelte Quarzapparatur zur Verbrennung Halogen‐haltiger organischer Substanzen eignet sich auch zum quantitativen Aufschluß Fluor‐haltiger Verbindungen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich das gesamte Fluor als Natriumfluorid in der Vorlage befindet, in der es nach bekannten Makro‐ oder Mikroverfahren bestimmt werden kann.
Evaluation of Response Time in Ball Surface-Acoustic-Wave Hydrogen Sensor using Digital Quadrature Detector (2007)

Hydrogen leak detection sensors must have high sensitivity and a short response time of 1 s or less. A ball surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) hydrogen sensor has a high sensitivity and can detect hydrogen in a very wide concentration range of 10 ppm to 100%. Moreover, a fast response can be expected because of the very thin sensitive film used. In this study, we developed a digital quadrature detector (DQD) to measure responses of less than 1 s, and measure phases in 1 ms intervals with excellent sensitivity. We evaluated the response time of the ball SAW hydrogen sensor where the signal was averaged 256 times in 0.256 s using the DQD. As a result, the response time was found to be 1 s or less for 3.0 vol % hydrogen gas in nitrogen.
The Role of Galectin-1 in Cancer Progression, and Synthetic Multivalent Systems for the Study of Galectin-1 (2016)

This review discusses the role of galectin-1 in the tumor microenvironment. First, the structure and function of galectin-1 are discussed. Galectin-1, a member of the galectin family of lectins, is a functionally dimeric galactoside-binding protein. Although galectin-1 has both intracellular and extracellular functions, the defining carbohydrate-binding role occurs extracellularly. In this review, the extracellular roles of galectin-1 in cancer processes are discussed. In particular, the importance of multivalent interactions in galectin-1 mediated cellular processes is reviewed. Multivalent interactions involving galectin-1 in cellular adhesion, mobility and invasion, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and apoptosis are presented. Although the mechanisms of action of galectin-1 in these processes are still not well understood, the overexpression of galectin-1 in cancer progression indicates that the role of galectin-1 is significant. To conclude this review, synthetic frameworks that have been used to modulate galectin-1 processes are reviewed. Small molecule oligomers of carbohydrates, carbohydrate-functionalized pseudopolyrotaxanes, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and glycodendrimers are presented. These synthetic multivalent systems serve as important tools for studying galectin-1 mediated cancer cellular functions.
Prevention of Postmenopausal Bone Loss by a Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Mechanical Stimuli: A Clinical Trial Assessing Compliance, Efficacy, and Safety (2004)

The detection threshold of the study design failed to show any changes in bone density using an intention-to-treat analysis for either the placebo or treatment group. Regression analysis on the a priori study group demonstrated a significant effect of compliance on efficacy of the intervention, particularly at the lumbar spine (p = 0.004). Posthoc testing was used to assist in identifying various subgroups that may have benefited from this treatment modality. Evaluating those in the highest quartile of compliance (86% compliant), placebo subjects lost 2.13% in the femoral neck over 1 year, whereas treatment was associated with a gain of 0.04%, reflecting a 2.17% relative benefit of treatment (p = 0.06). In the spine, the 1.6% decrease observed over 1 year in the placebo group was reduced to a 0.10% loss in the active group, indicating a 1.5% relative benefit of treatment (p = 0.09). Considering the interdependence of weight, the spine of lighter women (<65 kg), who were in the highest quartile of compliance, exhibited a relative benefit of active treatment of 3.35% greater BMD over 1 year (p = 0.009); for the mean compliance group, a 2.73% relative benefit in BMD was found (p = 0.02). These preliminary results indicate the potential for a noninvasive, mechanically mediated intervention for osteoporosis. This non-pharmacologic approach represents a physiologically based means of inhibiting the decline in BMD that follows menopause, perhaps most effectively in the spine of lighter women who are in the greatest need of intervention.
SeCl<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Approach Toward Indole-Containing Polysubstituted Selenophenes (2018)

A novel and efficient SeCl<sub>2</sub>-mediated chalcogenative cyclization strategy toward 3-selenophen-3-yl-1 H-indoles from readily available and conveniently substituted propargyl indoles is described. It entails an unprecedented selenirenium-induced 1,2-indolyl shift prompted by the electrophilic addition of SeCl<sub>2</sub> to the triple bond of the propargyl indole, followed by cyclization through the intermediacy of a 1-seleno-1,3-diene. The reaction takes place at room temperature and shows excellent selectivity, broad substrate scope, and wide functional group tolerance.
Hydrophobic Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding Cooperatively Confer a Vancomycin Hydrogel:  A Potential Candidate for Biomaterials (2002)

Antibiotic hydrogels based on a vancomycin (Van) derivative, formed by self-assembling Van-pyrene (1) in water, using the pi-pi interaction of pyrene moieties and hydrogen bonding of Vans, promise a new way to make novel biomaterials.
Determination of Niacin in Orange Juice with Lyophilized <i>Lactobacillus arabinosus</i> ATCC 8014 (1970)

The determination of niacin in orange juice with lyophilized Lactobacillus arabinosus ATCC 8014 has the advantage over the usual method in eliminating the delay caused by the necessity of cultivating cells of L. arabinosus for the inoculum and also in eliminating the periodical cultivation on agar slopes.
Poliovirus neutralization by antibodies to internal epitopes of VP4 and VP1 results from reversible exposure of these sequences at physiological temperature (1994)

Antisera were raised against peptide sequences that are normally internal in the poliovirus virion. These antisera contain neutralizing activity, but this neutralizing activity is dependent on coincubation of the virus and antisera at 37 degrees C. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate that the neutralization is due to exposure of these normally internal sequences at 37 degrees C and subsequent antibody binding. Exposure of these sequences is reversible. These data demonstrate that the poliovirus particle is a dynamic entity that is capable of undergoing conformational alterations at physiological temperatures. This conformational flexibility provides an explanation for earlier observations of virus neutralization by antibodies to internal epitopes which can be accommodated within the framework of existing models for antibody-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. Analogies between the sequences which are reversibly exposed at 37 degrees C with those which are irreversibly exposed upon receptor binding suggest that the observed conformational dynamics also may play a role in cell entry.
VSP: Beyond time-to-depth (2006)

VSP or vertical seismic profile was originally designed and is currently primarily used to give us time-to-depth for seismic-well ties. Beyond time-to-depth a number of possibilities exist. Recently, there has been considerable interest in VSP imaging (Ray et al., 2003; Paulsson et al., 2004; Hornby et al., 2004; Hornby et al., 2005a), with extensive surveys being acquired both on land and offshore. Modeling studies using full-waveform finite-difference method (FDM) (Payne et al., 1994; Van Gestel et al., 2003) show us what we can image for a particular acquisition geometry and geology, with best image results seen with 3D VSP surveys incorporating a large VSP array in the well and a 2D source pattern acquired using a surface seismic shooting vessel. Traditionally, VSP imaging has been implemented using surface seismic processing algorithms. However, the VSP geometry poses its own challenges and unique opportunities. In this article we explore some imaging methods to attempt to take advantage of the VSP geometry. In addition we discuss the use of permanent in-well seismic sensors for reservoir monitoring.
Binding of Muscimol-Conjugated Quantum Dots to GABA<sub>C</sub> Receptors (2006)

Functionalization of highly fluorescent CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals (quantum dots, qdots) is an emerging technology for labeling cell surface proteins. We have synthesized a conjugate consisting of approximately 150-200 muscimols (a GABA receptor agonist) covalently joined to the qdot via a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker (approximately 78 ethylene glycol units) and investigated the binding of this muscimol-PEG-qdot conjugate to homomeric rho1 GABAC receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. GABAC receptors mediate inhibitory synaptic signaling at multiple locations in the central nervous system (CNS). Binding of the conjugate was analyzed quantitatively by determining the fluorescence intensity of the oocyte surface membrane in relation to that of the surrounding incubation medium. Upon 5- to 10-min incubation with muscimol-PEG-qdots (34 nM in qdot concentration), GABAC-expressing oocytes exhibited a fluorescent halo at the surface membrane that significantly exceeded the fluorescence of the incubation medium. This halo was absent following muscimol-PEG-qdot treatment of oocytes lacking GABAC receptors. Incubation of the oocyte with free muscimol (100 microM-5 mM), PEG-muscimol (500 microM), or GABA (100 microM - 5 mM) substantially reduced or eliminated the fluorescence halo produced by muscimol-PEG-qdots, and the removal of GABA or free muscimol led to a recovery of muscimol-PEG-qdot binding. Unconjugated qdots and PEG-qdots that lacked conjugated muscimol neither exhibited significant binding activity nor diminished the subsequent binding of muscimol-PEG-qdots. The results indicate that muscimol joined to qdots via a long-chain PEG linker exhibits specific binding activity at the ligand-binding pocket of expressed GABAC receptors, despite the presence of both the long PEG linker and the sterically bulky qdot.
MgCl<sub>2</sub>‐Accelerated Addition of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carbon Dioxide (2010)

Pump it up! The sluggish reactivity of organozinc reagents in additions to aldehydes, ketones, and CO2 can be increased by MgCl2, which is usually generated in the preparation of the zinc reagent. The direct reaction with CO2, in particular, opens an expeditious route to phenylacetic acid derivatives, as demonstrated in a short synthesis of ibuprofen (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Focused gaussian beams for seismic imaging (2008)

The application of focused Gaussian beams is investigated for the seismic imaging of common‐shot reflection data. The focusing of Gaussian beams away from the source and receiver aperture adds flexibility to beam imaging algorithms allowing for the narrowest portions of the beams to occur at the depth of a specific target structure. This minimizes the number of beams required to form an image at the target depth. The beam fronts at the beam‐waists are also planar leading to more stable beam summations for imaging. To match with the surface data, a quadratic phase correction is required for the local slant‐stacks of the data. Imaging using focused Gaussian beams is tested using a single shot gather for a model with 5 scatterers at different depths. The approach is then tested for a single shot gather from the Sigsbee2A model. In all cases, the beams can be focused to a particular target depth, but proper imaging still results for other depths as well.
New competencies for end-of-life care will help to get the basics right (2009)

'WHEN I tell people what I do, it can be a real conversation stopper,' says Claire Henry, national director for the End of Life Care Programme. Ms Henry, a nurse herself, says that even nurses who are regularly involved in the care of dying people can be 'frightened' of talking about dying with patients, and many view themselves as unskilled in this area.
Referral Whois (RWhois) Protocol V1.5 (1997)

This memo describes Version 1.5 of the client/server interaction of RWhois.RWhois provides a distributed system for the discovery, retrieval, and maintenance of directory information.This system is primarily hierarchical by design.It allows for the deterministic routing of a query based on hierarchical tags, referring the user closer to the maintainer of the information.While RWhois can be considered a generic directory services protocol, it distinguishes itself from other protocols by providing an integrated, hierarchical architecture and query routing mechanism.
The Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP): Target of YC-1 and Nitric Oxide Effects in Human and Rat Platelets (2000)

The effects of the different types of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators on the phosphorylation status of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in both human and rat platelets were studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. sGC-dependent VASP phosphorylation (at Ser(239) and Ser(157)) both by the new direct sGC stimulator YC-1 and by NO donors was examined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) with different antibodies. One antibody, which recognizes VASP independent of its phosphorylation state, was used to detect the mobility shift of VASP caused by Ser(157) phosphorylation. The other antibody was specifically directed against VASP phosphorylated at Ser(239), the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) preferred phosphorylation site of VASP. In vitro YC-1 increased both VASP phosphorylation and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels as did the NO donors 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide (DEA/NO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The combination of both types induced a synergistic effect in both VASP phosphorylation and cGMP increase. In rat platelets, similar effects could be shown in vitro. In vivo we observed a significant increase in cGMP and a distinct effect on VASP phosphorylation in rat platelets 1 h after oral administration of YC-1. These biochemical alterations are supported by a significant prolongation in rat-tail bleeding time. Direct stimulators of sGC like YC-1 are on the one hand direct potent stimulators of the cGMP/PKG/VASP pathway in platelets and on the other hand synergize with NO, the physiologic stimulator of sGC. Therefore YC-1-like substances are interesting tools for the development of new cardiovascular drugs with vasodilatory and antithrombotic properties.
Connective tissue fibroblasts and Tcf4 regulate myogenesis (2010)

Muscle and its connective tissue are intimately linked in the embryo and in the adult, suggesting that interactions between these tissues are crucial for their development. However, the study of muscle connective tissue has been hindered by the lack of molecular markers and genetic reagents to label connective tissue fibroblasts. Here, we show that the transcription factor Tcf4 (transcription factor 7-like 2; Tcf7l2) is strongly expressed in connective tissue fibroblasts and that Tcf4(GFPCre) mice allow genetic manipulation of these fibroblasts. Using this new reagent, we find that connective tissue fibroblasts critically regulate two aspects of myogenesis: muscle fiber type development and maturation. Fibroblasts promote (via Tcf4-dependent signals) slow myogenesis by stimulating the expression of slow myosin heavy chain. Also, fibroblasts promote the switch from fetal to adult muscle by repressing (via Tcf4-dependent signals) the expression of developmental embryonic myosin and promoting (via a Tcf4-independent mechanism) the formation of large multinucleate myofibers. In addition, our analysis of Tcf4 function unexpectedly reveals a novel mechanism of intrinsic regulation of muscle fiber type development. Unlike other intrinsic regulators of fiber type, low levels of Tcf4 in myogenic cells promote both slow and fast myogenesis, thereby promoting overall maturation of muscle fiber type. Thus, we have identified novel extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms regulating myogenesis. Most significantly, our data demonstrate for the first time that connective tissue is important not only for adult muscle structure and function, but is a vital component of the niche within which muscle progenitors reside and is a critical regulator of myogenesis.