gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE INSECT VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL AS TARGET OF INSECTICIDES (1999)

Examination of the function, chemistry, and pharmacology of the voltage-gated insect sodium channel (ISC) reveals that the ISC closely resembles its vertebrate counterpart in electrophysiology and ion conductance, primary structure and allocation of all functional domains, and its pharmacological diversity and flexibility exhibited by the occurrence of different allosterically coupled receptor-binding sites for various neurotoxicants. The toxicants include several groups of insecticides, namely DDT and its analogues, pyrethroids, N-alkylamides, and dihydropyrazoles, which affect channel gating and ion permeability. Despite their similarity, the insect and vertebrate channels are pharmacologically distinguishable, as revealed by the responsiveness of the heterologously expressed Drosophila para clone to channel modifiers and blockers and the occurrence of the insect-selective sodium channel neurotoxins derived from arachnid venoms presently used for the design of recombinant baculovirus-mediated selective bioinsecticides. The pharmacological specificity of the ISC may lead to the design of insect-selective toxicants, and its pharmacological flexibility may direct the use of ISC insecticides for resistance management. Insecticide resistance [such as knockdown resistance (KDR)] is acquired by natural selection and operated by increased metabolism, channel mutagenesis, or both. The resistance issue can be dealt with in several ways. One is by simultaneous application of low doses of synergistic, allosterically coupled mixtures (thus delaying or preventing the onset of resistance). An alternative is to replace an insecticide to which resistance was acquired by channel mutation with a different ISC toxicant to which increased susceptibility was conferred by the same mutation. Such a possibility was exemplified by a significant increase in susceptibility to N-alkylamides, as well as an insect-selective neurotoxin revealed by KDR insects. Third, both of these methods can be combined. Thus owing to its pharmacological uniqueness, the ISC may serve as a high-priority target for future selective and resistance-manageable insecticides.
Circulating Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance and Decrease after Weight Loss (2010)

Circulating PEDF is associated with insulin sensitivity. The findings show, for the first time in humans, that PEDF concentrations decrease significantly after weight loss in association with blood pressure. PEDF seems to be involved in human adipocyte biology.
The Identification and Development of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2001)

We have developed specific monoclonal antibodies to immunogenic glycoproteins expressed selectively on the cell membrane of squamous cell malignancies. These proteins serve to act as tumor markers that characterize this malignancy; there has be no evidence of cross reactivity to normal epithelial cells. Analysis of patterns of expression reveals that those membrane proteins identified by monoclonals AD7 and 5C6 appear early in cellular transformation to malignancy. At such a time, immunohistochemical recognition is seen in the presence of genotypic alterations, yet phenotypic changes may not be apparent. Of additional interest is that these monoclonal antibodies exhibit strong ADCC allowing the tumor proteins to not only serve as a marker of malignancy but as a target for therapeutic destruction.
Use of Acidification, Low Temperature, and Sorbates for Storage of Orange Juice (1989)

ABSTRACT The effects of acidification, combination of acidification and low temperature and sorbates on the storage of orange juice were investigated. Acidification of orange juice to pH 2.0 and pH 2.5 followed by storage at 5°C resulted in marked reduction in total plate count and yeast and mold population during twelve weeks of storage. Use of 0.03% sorbic acid or potassium sorbate in combination with acidification at pH 2.5 resulted in preservation of orange juice stored at 10°C over 10 wk period; however, vitamin C degradation was enhanced by the presence of the sorbates. The results also indicated that relatively high concentrations of vitamin C were present in orange juice containing high population of microorganisms.
<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Capsular Polysaccharide and Exopolysaccharide Fractions Manifest Physical, Chemical, and Antigenic Differences (2007)

The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has a large polysaccharide (PS) capsule and releases copious amounts of PS into cultures and infected tissues. The capsular PS is a major virulence factor that can elicit protective antibody responses. PS recovered from culture supernatants has historically provided an ample and convenient source of material for structural and immunological studies. Two major assumptions in such studies are that the structural features of the exopolysaccharide material faithfully mirror those of capsular PS and that the isolation methods do not change PS properties. However, a comparison of exopolysaccharide made by two isolation techniques with capsular PS stripped from cells with gamma radiation or dimethyl sulfoxide revealed significant differences in glycosyl composition, mass, size, charge, viscosity, circular-dichroism spectra, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Our results strongly suggest that exopolysaccharides and capsular PS are structurally different. A noteworthy finding was that PS made by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation had a larger mass and a different conformation than PS isolated by concentration and filtration, suggesting that the method most commonly used to purify glucuronoxylomannan alters the PS. Hence, the method used to isolate PS can significantly influence the structural and antigenic properties of the product. Our findings have important implications for current views of the relationship between capsular PS and exopolysaccharides, for the generation of PS preparations suitable for immunological studies, and for the formulation of PS-based vaccines for the prevention of cryptococcosis.
The Utilization of Urea and Biuret as Sources of Nitrogen for Growing-Fattening Lambs (1955)

In a feeding trial involving fifty 75-lb. lambs, a 7.13 percent crude protein basal ration was fed. Adding either urea, biuret or crude biuret, or replacing part of the corn with soybean oil meal, significantly increased the average daily gain and feed efficiency of the lambs. No significant differences were noted among the lots fed the various supplemental nitrogen sources. It is concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, urea, biuret and crude biuret are satisfactory sources of supplemental nitrogen for growing-fattening lambs. In addition, biuret appears to be less toxic than urea when fed in large amounts.
Combustion System Design (1996)

The principles of chemical reactor theory the theory of diffusion combustion in turbulent air flow mathematical description of the combustion process the theory and calculations for combustion chambers in energy installations the theory and calculation of industrial combustion chambers. Appendix: thermal dynamic calculations.
Teleportation-based quantum information processing with Majorana zero modes (2016)

We present a measurement-based scheme for performing braiding operations on Majorana zero modes in mesoscopic superconductor islands and for detecting their non-Abelian statistics without moving or hybridizing them. In our scheme for ``braiding without braiding'', the topological qubit encoded in any pair of well-separated Majorana zero modes is read out from the transmission phase shift in electron teleportation through the island in the Coulomb-blockade regime. We propose experimental setups to measure the teleportation phase shift via conductance in an electron interferometer or persistent current in a closed loop.
Identification and Characterization of a New Variant of Shiga Toxin 1 in <i>Escherichia coli</i> ONT:H19 of Bovine Origin (2003)

A new variant of Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), designated Stx1d, which deviates considerably more than any other known variant from Stx1 encoded by phage 933J, was identified in an Escherichia coli strain, ONT:H19, isolated from bovine feces. The complete stx(1) gene of this strain was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence homology with stx(1) from phage 933J was only 91%, resulting in the substitution of 20 amino acids in the A subunit and 7 amino acids in the B subunit of the protein. Cell culture supernatant of this strain, which was negative for stx(2) by PCR testing, was cytotoxic to Vero cells and gave positive results in two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Stx. PCR primers were constructed for the specific detection of the new variant. The findings of this study suggest that Stx1 is not as conserved as thought before and that there might be more variants which cannot be detected by commonly used PCR methods.
Nix based fully automated workflows and ecosystem to guarantee scientific result reproducibility across software environments and systems (2015)

Reproducibility is a key requirement to scientific development. Any scientific process, including software simulations, must be able to be replicated in order to prove the robustness of its process and the validity of its results. If an approach based on the extensive documentation of the process itself maybe considered as sufficient to guarantee reproducibility of results in domains like Physics or Biology, such a requirement proves to be incomplete for software being executed on high performance computing platforms. The specifics of the customized and exotic HPC architectures, the fast evolution of the software development environment as well as the various variables that can pollute the software development and building process are just few of the many possible sources of scientific result corruption. We describe in this paper how the developers of the Blue Brain Project built a software development ecosystem based on the Nix packaging and build system in order to guarantee the full portability, traceability and reproducibility of scientific results.
(Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer)—(Inorganic Oxide) Nanocomposites (1995)

SiO2[1 - x/4](OH)x nanoparticles were generated via in situ sol-gel reactions for tetraethoxysilane within polar clusters of perfluorosulfonic acid films. Then, residual SiOH groups on these nanoparticles were post-reacted with diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS) and ethoxytrimethylsilane (ETMS), resulting in organically-"shelled" and interknitted, and simply organically "shelled" nanoparticles, respectively. FT-IR and 29Si solid state NMR spectroscopies established structural incorporation of the di- and tri-methylsilanes onto silicon oxide "cores" as well as degree of molecular connectivity within the inorganic phase. Post-reaction with DEDMS rendered the structure more linear. Mechanical tensile experiments indicated a ductile → brittle transformation upon DEDMS post-reaction, suggesting linking of silicon oxide nanoparticles. On the other hand, a measure of ductility persisted after ETMS post-reaction. Tensile strength was increased after both post-reaction schemes.
Comparison of vasodilators in human internal mammary artery: ghrelin is a potent physiological antagonist of endothelin‐1 (2002)

1 The potential vasodilator function of the peptide ghrelin, recently identified as the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue orphan receptor (GHS-R), was investigated in human endothelium-denuded internal mammary artery. The peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent and long-lasting vasoconstrictor. Comparisons were made with established and putative endogenous vasodilators to determine if any could reverse ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in this vessel. 2 Ghrelin (0.1-300 nM) potently dilated 10 nM ET-1-induced constrictions (pD(2) 8.39+/-0.29; E(MAX) 63+/-5.6%; n=9/14, responders/total). 3 ANP (pD(2) 7.75+/-0.14; E(MAX) 106+/-2.0; n=5/5) and CGRP (pD(2) 8.08+/-0.17; E(MAX) 76+/-15% n=5/6) both produced complete reversal of the constrictor response to ET-1 (E(MAX) not significantly different from 100%, P>0.05 one-sample t-test). 4 The following caused partial reversal of the ET-1 response: Adrenomedullin (n=9/9) and two peptides derived from proadrenomedullin, PAMP-12 (n=6/7) and PAMP-20 (n=9/9) (pD(2) values 7.63+/-0.28, 7.97+/-0.23 and 8.51+/-0.29; E(MAX) 58+/-7.3, 54+/-10 and 51+/-7.8% respectively). Unexpectedly, amylin was only 2 fold less potent than CGRP, although there was less than 50% reversal of the ET-1 constriction (pD(2) 7.86+/-0.30; E(MAX) 41+/-5.4%; n=7/9). CNP (n=6/6) also partially reversed constrictions to ET-1 (E(MAX) 53+/-6.3; pD(2) 8.07+/-0.38). 5 BNP (n=4/5) and PGI(2) (n=6/8) were weak vasodilators, since concentration-response curves failed to reach a maximum within the range tested. PGE(2) caused a small dilatation in some vessels (E(MAX) 17+/-2.1%; pD(2) 8.63+/-0.36; n=4/8). 6 We have demonstrated ghrelin to be an effective, endothelium-independent vasodilator of the long-lasting constrictor ET-1 in human arteries producing responses similar to those of adrenomedullin (P>0.05, ANOVA). British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 136, 1146-1152
Caffeine Caused a Widespread Increase of Resting Brain Entropy (2018)

Entropy is an important trait of brain function and high entropy indicates high information processing capacity. We recently demonstrated that brain entropy (BEN) is stable across time and differs between controls and patients with various brain disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BEN is sensitive to pharmaceutical modulations with caffeine. Both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and resting fMRI were collected from sixty caffeine-naïve healthy subjects before and after taking a 200 mg caffeine pill. Our data showed that caffeine reduced CBF in the whole brain but increased BEN across the cerebral cortex with the highest increase in lateral prefrontal cortex, the default mode network (DMN), visual cortex, and motor network, consistent with the beneficial effects of caffeine (such as vigilance and attention) on these areas. BEN increase was correlated to CBF reduction only in several regions (-0.5 < r < -0.4), indicating a neuronal nature for most of the observed BEN alterations. In summary, we showed the first evidence of BEN alterations due to caffeine ingestion, suggesting BEN as a biomarker sensitive to pharmaceutical brain function modulations.
Trinocular optical flow estimation for intelligent vehicle applications (2012)

Motion is an important clue for many tasks in visual scene perception. In this paper, we present a new matching-based algorithm to estimate nearly dense optical flow fields for the static parts of the scene, i.e. those parts whose motion is induced by the moving observer only. Our algorithm is designed for applications in intelligent vehicles usually equipped with stereo camera rigs. To address the computational effort of matching-based approaches we use constraints arising from the geometry between multiple views. To this end, we compute both an approximated optical flow field and an approximated disparity field between left and right image. Hence, we can predict the position of the corresponding candidate and limit the search space to a small neighborhood around the predicted position leading to near real-time capabilities. Experiments on different challenging real world images show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Statistically Significant Raman Detection of Midsequence Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (2009)

This report highlights methodologies that enable statistically significant data to be collected for single nucleotide polymorphisms using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Single-stranded oligonucleotides functionalized with 40 nm gold nanoparticles are hybridized with oligonucleotides adsorbed to a photolithographically defined gold surface thus creating a surface enhanced Raman environment around the DNA duplex. With this design characteristic Raman spectra have been collected and explored for differences between DNA duplexes formed from complementary oligonucleotides, completely mismatched oligonucleotides, and those formed from oligonucleotides that have a midsequence single nucleotide mismatch. The results show that statistically significant differences in Raman intensity for characteristic peaks can be collected for the three cases.
Cutting Path Planning for Ruled Surface Impellers (2008)

At present, most commercial computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems are deficient in efficiency and performances on generating tool path during machining impellers. To solve the problem, this article develops a special software to plan cutting path for ruled surface impellers. An approximation algorithm to generate cutting path for machining integral ruled surface impellers is proposed. By fitting sampling data points of an impeller blade into a curve, a model of ruled surface blade of an impeller is built up. Furthermore, by calculating the points where the cutter axis vector intersects the free-form hub surface of an impeller, problems about, for instance, the ambiguity in calculation and machining the wide blade surface with a short flute cutter are solved. Finally, an integral impeller cutting path is planned by way of an integrated cutter location control algorithm. Simulation and machining tests with an impeller are performed on a 5-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) mill machine, which shows the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Further Observations of the Angle of Arrival of Microwaves (1946)

Microwave propagation measurements made in the summer of 1945 are described. This work, a continuation of the 1944 work reported elsewhere in this issue of the Proceedings of the I.R.E. and Waves and Electrons, was characterized by the use of an antenna with a beam width of 0.12 degree for angle-of-arrival measurements and by observations of multiple-path transmission.
Carbohydrate-dependent signaling from the phosphatidylglucoside-based microdomain induces granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells (2003)

Glycosphingolipids form glycosphingolipid signaling microdomains. Here, we report an unrecognized type of phosphatidylglucoside (PhGlc)-based lipid microdomain in HL60 cells. Treatment of cells with rGL-7, which preferentially reacts with PhGlc, induced differentiation of HL60 cells. This was manifested by the appearance of nitroblue tetrazolium-positive cells together with CD38 expression and c-Myc down-regulation. We determined the molecular mechanisms underlying early stages of signal transduction. rGL-7 treatment induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Src family protein kinases Lyn and Hck. Reduction of endogenous cholesterol after application of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin suppressed rGL-7-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylated proteins and PhGlc colocalized in the Triton X-100 insoluble, light buoyant density fraction after sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of HL60 cell lysates. This suggests PhGlc-based microdomain is involved in GL-7 signaling. Ligation of known components of microdomains, such as sphingomyelin and ganglioside GM1, with corresponding antibodies failed to induce differentiation and tyrosine phosphorylation. These results show that PhGlc constitutes a previously undescribed lipid signaling domain, and the glucose residue of PhGlc is critical for organization of the carbohydrate-dependent signaling domain involved in cellular differentiation of HL60 cells.
Detection of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma using pyrosequencing. (2015)

Recent clinical trials on patients with glioblastoma revealed that O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status significantly predicts patient's response to alkylating agents. In this study, we sought to develop and validate a quantitative MGMT methylation assay using pyrosequencing on glioblastoma. We quantified promoter methylation of MGMT using pyrosequencing on paraffin-embedded fine needle aspiration biopsy tissues from 43 glioblastoma. Using a 10% cutoff, MGMT methylation was identified in 37% cases of glioblastoma and 0% of the non-neoplastic epileptic tissue. Methylation of any individual CpG island in MGMT promoter ranged between 33% and 95%, with a mean of 65%. By a serial dilution of genomic DNA of a homogenously methylated cancer cell line with an unmethylated cell line, the analytical sensitivity is at 5% for pyrosequencing to detect MGMT methylation. The minimal amount of genomic DNA required is 100 ng (approximately 3,000 cells) in small fine needle biopsy specimens. Compared with methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing is comparably sensitive, relatively specific, and also provides quantitative information for each CpG methylation.
High-Power Indium Phosphide Photonic Integrated Circuits (2019)

Indium phosphide (InP) is the most developed platform for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Of interest is the advancement of this platform for applications that demand high performance, especially high output power, including free space communications and microwave photonics. In this paper, we summarize development of InP-based PIC transmitters. Two transmitter types were fabricated: one based on an offset quantum wells (OQW) platform and the other on a quantum well intermixing (QWI) platform. The OQW-based transmitter consists of a widely tunable laser, a high-speed semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and an output SOA. This transmitter demonstrates a 44-nm tuning range, >45 dB side mode suppression ratio, 14.5 dBm off-chip power, and a data rate of 7 Gbps. The second transmitter, based on QWI, utilizes an alternate epitaxial structure to achieve a lower confinement factor for higher SOA output saturation power. This QWI transmitter consists of a distributed Bragg reflector laser, a high-speed SOA, an electroabsorption modulator, and an output SOA. The measured off-chip power is 19.5 dBm, and a data rate of 20 Gbps is demonstrated. Based on the improved performance with the new epitaxial structure, a novel platform for high-power PIC transmitters integrated with low confinement and high-power SOAs is described.
Detecting and Defeating SQL Injection Attacks (2011)

Abstract —The increasing dependence on web applications have made them a natural target for attackers. Among these attacks SQL Injection Attacks (SQLIA) are the most prevalent. In this paper we propose a SQL injection vulnerability scanner that is light-weight, fast and has a low false positive rate. These scanners prove as a practical tool to discover the vulnerabilities in a web application as well as to test the efficiency of counter attack mechanisms. In the latter part of our work we propose a security mechanism to counter SQL Injection Attacks. Our security methodology is based on the design of a filter for the HTTP request send by clients or users and look for attack signatures. The proposed filter is generic in the sense that it can be used with any web application. Finally we test our proposed security mechanism using the vulnerability scanner developed by us as well as other well known scanners. The proposed security mechanism is able to counter all the vulnerabilities that were previously reported before the deployment of our security framework.