gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sperm-induced oocyte activation in the rhesus monkey: nuclear and cytoplasmic changes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1997)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has increased the potential of the assisted reproductive technologies to propagate mammalian species and has provided an opportunity for research into cell cycle control and the mechanisms involved in sperm-induced oocyte activation. We have investigated the efficacy of ICSI in the rhesus monkey, the mechanism of fertilization following sperm injection and the cytoskeletal rearrangement that occurs upon oocyte activation. These studies were conducted on mature, and to a lesser extent, immature oocytes. Ejaculated spermatozoa, washed, capacitated and activated before immobilization, were injected into oocytes using conventional ICSI methodology. Sperm injection into mature oocytes induced oocyte activation (19/22; 86%) and pronuclear formation. In contrast, sham-injected oocytes did not activate readily (2/16; 13%). To localize oocyte activation factor(s), spermatozoa were separated mechanically into heads and tails which were then injected individually into mature oocytes. Activation occurred in 87% (20/23) of oocytes receiving heads. After tail injection, a single microtubule aster was nucleated and one pronucleus (PN) was seen in four of 21 oocytes. Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm extract (SE) resulted in oocyte activation at a significantly higher rate than occurred following sham injection (76 versus 13%). Sperm-induced oocyte activation was also evaluated in immature metaphase (MI) oocytes; activation occurred in 46% (12/26) of cases; however, only 8% of the activated oocytes exhibited 2 PN. Finally, beta-tubulin localization in untreated and taxol-treated oocytes was established as a marker for cytoplasmic changes associated with oocyte activation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that spermatozoa contain an oocyte activating factor(s) which is primarily localized in the sperm head. Moreover, an activation response is limited to mature oocytes and is accompanied by cytoskeletal changes analogous to those seen following conventional fertilization.
Reversing methanogenesis to capture methane for liquid biofuel precursors (2016)

We anticipate that our metabolically-engineered strain will provide insights into how methane is cycled in the environment by Archaea as well as will possibly be utilized to convert remote sources of methane into more easily transported biofuels via acetate.
Study Lane Curvature Estimation Algorithm Based on Radar (2017)

Identifying the feature of road line accurately is one of the most important things helps the smart driving assistant system operate effectively. So, we propose a new method to estimate the lane curvature. The method bases on the information from radar of stationary objects and target vehicle head in order to calculate the lane curvature parameter. At first, we introduce the lane curvature parameter estimation method based on the information from radar of target vehicle ahead. After that, we use weighted average fusion algorithm to conduct to combine the two methods above in order to calculate the lane curvature accurately and the estimation range of lane. At last, via Carsim and Simulink we conduct to simulate the experiment toward the proposed method above. The results of experiment prove the efficient of the method.
Code 5-6: An Efficient MDS Array Coding Scheme to Accelerate Online RAID Level Migration (2015)

With the rapid growth of data storage, the demand for high reliability becomes critical in large data centers where RAID-5 is widely used. However, the disk failure rate increases sharply after some usage, and thus concurrent disk failures are not rare, therefore RAID-5 is insufficient to provide high reliability. A solution is to convert an existing RAID-5 to a RAID-6 (a type of "RAID level migration") to tolerate more concurrent disk failures via erasure codes, but existing approaches involve complex conversion process and high transformation cost. To address these challenges, we propose a novel MDS code, called "Code 5-6", to combine a new dedicated parity column with the original RAID-5 layout. Code 5-6 not only accelerates online conversion from a RAID-5 to a RAID-6, but also demonstrates several optimal properties of MDS codes. Our mathematical analysis shows that, compared to existing MDS codes, Code 5-6 reduces new parities, decreases the total I/O operations, and speeds up the conversion process by up to 80%, 48.5%, and 3.38×, respectively.
DNA Double-Chain Breaks In Recombination Of Phage Lambda And Of Yeast (1988)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Toward Understanding the Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Immune System: Current Progress and Future Trends (2014)

The immune system is regulated by distinct signaling pathways that control the development and function of the immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that ligation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), an environmentally responsive transcription factor, results in multiple cross talks that are capable of modulating these pathways and their downstream responsive genes. Most of the immune cells respond to such modulation, and many inflammatory response-related genes contain multiple xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs) boxes upstream. Active research efforts have investigated the physiological role of Ahr in inflammation and autoimmunity using different animal models. Recently formed paradigm has shown that activation of Ahr by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) prompts the differentiation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibits T helper (Th)-17 suggesting that Ahr is an innovative therapeutic strategy for autoimmune inflammation. These promising findings generate a basis for future clinical practices in humans. This review addresses the current knowledge on the role of Ahr in different immune cell compartments, with a particular focus on inflammation and autoimmunity.
A review on the development of liquid chromatography systems for polyolefins (2010)

Polyolefins are the most widely produced synthetic polymer commodity and are found in countless applications ranging from bottles, packaging films to bullet-proof jackets, etc. Such widely different applications rely on high variability in the physical properties of polyolefins, which is a result of variations in microstructure, chemical composition and molar mass. Though polyolefins contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, the microstructures of polyolefins are extremely variable, differing in the nature of the monomers (e.g. ethylene versus propylene), the degree of branching, chemical composition in the case of copolymers and finally their molar masses. Production, research and development of polyolefins require the analysis of polyolefin samples in terms of all these parameters. Development of efficient and robust analytical techniques based on the interactive LC is reviewed. The needed computational/theoretical studies to understand the retention mechanism in the newly developed chromatography systems are discussed.
Adaptive post-processing algorithms for low bit rate video signals (2002)

A new adaptive post-processing algorithm to enhance the quality of a noisy video sequence is presented. This algorithm employs motion compensated frame averaging to improve picture quality. A classification algorithm divides sub-blocks of pixels in the averaged frame into 4 classes: edge, smooth, non-smooth with motion and non-smooth without motion. Spatial algorithms that perform multilevel median filtering, double median filtering and median filtering are used for pixels belonging to edge, smooth and non-smooth with motion categories. Pixels in the nonsmooth, unmoving category are left unfiltered to preserve corresponding image texture. In a simpler version of this 4-class system, the motion cues and motion compensated frame averaging are eliminated, and the purely spatial filtering is based on a 3-class algorithm. When used at the output of a 3-D subband coder at 384 kbps, the spatial postfilter was shown to provide a consistent gain in subjectively evaluated picture quality. Twenty-five viewers participated in an experiment involving three coded sequences. In a pairwise comparison of postfiltered and unfiltered sequences, the postfiltered version was judged to be better in 63 out of 75 instances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoimmunity to the GM2-1 islet ganglioside before and at the onset of type I diabetes (1996)

Recently, the GM2-1 pancreatic islet ganglioside, proposed as a potential autoantigen in type I diabetes autoimmunity, has been biochemically characterized and found to be a novel ganglioside structure. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether an autoimmune response toward this novel islet molecule is 1) present in type I diabetes and is specifically directed against this molecule and not to gangliosides in general and 2) predictive of disease in high-risk subjects. To this end, the following patients have been studied: 1) 24 newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects, 20 islet cell autoantibody (ICA)-negative first-degree relatives of type I diabetic subjects, and 25 age-matched normal control individuals; and 2) 31 prospectively evaluated ICA+ first-degree relatives of type I diabetic subjects who were followed for up to 10 years, during which 14 of them developed type I diabetes. A direct assay for autoantibodies to GM2-1 and to other pancreatic gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GD1a) was developed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique performed directly on thin layer chromatography plates. Anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies (all belonging to the IgG class) were expressed in a high percentage of newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects (71%), while no significant difference was found in the expression of antibodies directed against other pancreatic gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GD1a) among the different groups studied. Anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies were also present in ICA+ relatives (64%) (P &lt; 0.001 vs. control subjects and ICA-relatives): in this group, life table analysis of progression to diabetes showed that anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) associated with disease, occurring in all relatives developing type I diabetes within 5 years and thus identifying a cohort of ICA+ subjects with markedly increased diabetes risk.
Transparent Carbon Films as Electrodes in Organic Solar Cells (2008)

Durchsichtig und aromatisch: Ein neuer chemischer „Bottom-up“-Ansatz liefert transparente Graphenfilme. Dabei werden synthetische Nanographenmoleküle thermisch zu riesigen polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen verknüpft, die miteinander zu großen Graphenschichten vernetzt sind. Solche Graphenfilme wurden als transparente Elektroden in organische Solarzellen eingebaut (siehe Bild).
[Improvement of malnutrition indices in adult patients with end stage renal disease by recombinant human growth hormone]. (1991)

Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH), 1 U/kg body weight/week, was administered subcutaneously for 2-4 weeks to two end stage renal disease patients with severe malnutrition. Following r-hGH, there were significant increase in hematocrit level and serum concentration of albumin, IGF-1 and GH, and decrease of urea nitrogen. It was concluded that r-hGH exerts a therapeutic effect to nutritional status in renal failure patients by improving severe hypoalbuminemia, susceptibility to infectious disease, intractable ascites and so on.
Nanostructured Polymeric Coatings Based on Chitosan and Dopamine‐Modified Hyaluronic Acid for Biomedical Applications (2014)

In a marine environment, specific proteins are secreted by mussels and used as a bioglue to stick to a surface. These mussel proteins present an unusual amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (known as DOPA). The outstanding adhesive properties of these materials in the sea harsh conditions have been attributed to the presence of the catechol groups present in DOPA. Inspired by the structure and composition of these adhesive proteins, dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DN) prepared by carbodiimide chemistry is used to form thin and surface-adherent dopamine films. This conjugate was characterized by distinct techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Multilayer films are developed based on chitosan and HA-DN to form polymeric coatings using the layer-by-layer methodology. The nanostructured films formation is monitored by quartz crystal microbalance. The film surface is characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Water contact angle measurements are also conducted. The adhesion properties are analyzed showing that the nanostructured films with dopamine promote an improved adhesion. In vitro tests show an enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation and viability for the biomimetic films with catechol groups, demonstrating their potential to be used in distinct biomedical applications.
Multilevel-spiral inductors using VLSI interconnect technology (1996)

A multilevel-spiral (MLS) inductor structure for implementation in VLSI interconnect technology is presented. Inductances of 8.8 and 32 nH and maximum quality-factors (Q) of /spl sim/6.8 and 3.0, respectively, are achieved in a four-level metal BiCMOS technology, with four turns at each of the two or four stacked spiral coils and with an area of 226×226 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The comparison of the MLS inductors to different single-level-spiral (SLS) control devices shows that a MLS inductor provides the same inductance at /spl sim/50% dc resistance, but the maximum Q is typically measured at a lower frequency and the self-resonance frequency is reduced due to a high inter-wire capacitance.
Mechanisms of Peritoneal B-1a Cells Accumulation Induced by Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus <i>Sle2</i> (2004)

The abundance of B-1a cells found in the peritoneal cavity of mice is under genetic control. The lupus-prone mouse New Zealand Black and New Zealand White (NZB x NZW)F(1) and its derivative NZM2410 are among the strains with the highest numbers of peritoneal B1-a cells. We have previously identified an NZM2410 genetic locus, Sle2, which is associated with the production of large numbers of B-1a cells. In this paper, we examined the mechanisms responsible for this phenotype by comparing congenic C57BL/6 mice with or without Sle2. Fetal livers generated more B-1a cells in B6.Sle2 mice, providing them with a greater starting number of B-1a cells early in life. Sle2-expressing B1-a cells proliferated significantly more in vivo than their B6 counterparts, and reciprocal adoptive transfers showed that this phenotype is intrinsic to Sle2 peritoneal B cells. The rate of apoptosis detected was significantly lower in B6.Sle2 peritoneal cavity B-1a cells than in B6, with or without exogenous B cell receptor cross-linking. Increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis did not affect Sle2 peritoneal B-2 cells. In addition, a significant number of peritoneal cavity B-1a cells were recovered in lethally irradiated B6.Sle2 mice reconstituted with B6.Igh(a) bone marrow, showing radiation resistance in Sle2 B-1a cells or its precursors. Finally, B6.Sle2 adult bone marrow and spleen were a significant source of peritoneal B-1a cells when transferred into B6.Rag2(-/-) mice. This suggests that peritoneal B-1a cells are replenished throughout the animal life span in B6.Sle2 mice. These results show that Sle2 regulates the size of the B-1a cell compartment at multiple developmental checkpoints.
Nickel distribution and DNA lesions induced in rat tissues by the carcinogen nickel carbonate. (1982)

DNA lesions in nuclei isolated from rat tissues following i.p. injection of the carcinogen nickel carbonate were measured by the alkaline elution technique. Kidney, liver, lung, and thymus gland nuclei were examined at 3 and 20 hr after treatment for the presence of DNA single-strand breaks and cross-links. Single-strand breaks were detectable in lung and kidney nuclei, and both DNA-protein and DNA interstrand cross-links were detectable in kidney nuclei. No DNA damage was observed in liver or thymus gland nuclei. A dose response to both single-strand breaks and cross-links was observed in kidney nuclei. Time course studies revealed that maximum DNA damage in kidney nuclei occurred at 2 to 4 hr following injection and also revealed the presence of an active repair process in these nuclei. Repair-resistant DNA-protein cross-links were observed to persist through 48 hr. Tissue and intracellular nickel concentrations as measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy were observed to correlate with the levels of DNA damage and repair. A dose response to the concentration of nickel in tissues and nuclei was observed. These results are discussed relative to the solubilization, toxicity, and carcinogenicity of nickel compounds.
Mesoscopic coherence phenomena in semiconductor devices (1988)

Semiconductor devices have several attractive properties which make them useful in the study of electronic coherence phenomena such as universal conductance fluctuations. The use of gated devices allows the Fermi level, and thus the electronic wavelength, to be adjusted in order to study energy correlation effects. The two-dimensional electron gas formed beneath the gate can be tilted with respect to the magnetic field to reveal that the field correlation length of the fluctuations obeys a cosine law. This strongly suggests that the fluctuations are caused by quantum interference in the same way that the Aharonov-Bohm effect arises in metallic rings. The energy range over which electrons are correlated in these materials is generally larger than in metals. This allows one to study these conductance fluctuations at much higher temperatures than are feasible in metallic conductors. For the same reason, substantially larger source-drain voltages can be applied to observe asymmetry and nonlinear effects in the conductance.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Catalysts for Enantioselective Carbenoid Cyclopropanation Reactions (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An emerging risk factor for obesity: does disequilibrium of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism contribute to excessive adipose tissue development? (2008)

A positive energy balance (energy intake>energy expenditure), in which total fat intake plays an important role, is commonly regarded as a major factor contributing to obesity. Adipose tissue development, i.e. both size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia), is stimulated by high dietary fat intake during early postnatal development, a susceptibility that now appears to continue well into adulthood. Recent human and animal studies suggest that by altering rates of adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, differences in the composition of dietary fat may also contribute to adipose tissue development. At least in rodent models, the relative intake of n-6 to n-3 PUFA is clearly emerging as a new factor in this development. In these models, higher linoleate intake raises tissue arachidonic acid, which increases prostacyclin production and, in turn, stimulates signalling pathways implicated in adipogenesis. Signalling pathways stimulated by arachidonic acid probably include phospholipase and/or cyclo-oxygenase activation and may be linked as much to relatively low intake of n-3 PUFA as to excessive dietary linoleate. One factor potentially contributing to oversight about the apparent role of dietary n-6 PUFA (especially excess dietary linoleate) in adipose tissue development is the historical overestimation of linoleate requirements and the enthusiasm for higher intake of 'essential fatty acids'. More research is needed to address whether disequilibration of dietary PUFA intake contributes to the risk of obesity in humans.
Transfer-function tracking and adaptive control systems (1961)

This paper describes a system for determining the parameters of a transfer function of the form: a constant divided by a polynomial in the Laplacian variable <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> . The system is described in detail for a polynomial of second order, but may be extended to polynomials of any order. The system may be realized in terms of ordinary analog computer components. It presents the information in a form which may be readily inserted into a controller for realization of a general type of adaptive control system.
New oligo-α-pyridylamino ligands and their metal complexes (1997)

Three novel oligo-α-pyridylamino ligands, tripyridyldi-amine (H<sub>2</sub>tpda), tetrapyridyltriamine (H<sub>3</sub>teptra), pentapyridyltetramine (H<sub>4</sub>peptea) are synthesized; the crystal structures of their metal complexes with the all-<italic>anti</italic> configuration of the chelating ligands are reported.
Do Crude Petroleum Imports Affect GDP of Turkey (2015)

This study examines the dynamic linkages between crude petroleum imports and GDP of Turkey. The vector autoregression analysis is carried on quarterly data for the period 1998Q1 to 2013Q2. This study utilized the generalized approach to forecast error variance decomposition and impulse response analysis which have many advantages against the traditional orthogonalized approach. The empirical results suggest that petroleum imports have positive impact on GDP until the second quarter. But, after the second quarter crude petroleum imports have negative impact on GDP. The results of the Granger causality test showed that crude petroleum imports granger caused GDP at 5% significance level, but not vice versa. Moreover, the generalized variance decomposition analysis exerted that the imports of crude petroleum shocks have only a small effect on GDP initially. However, after eighth quarters, the imports of crude petroleum shocks explain 31.7 pct. of the GDP, whereas 26.46 pct. of the variation in imports of crude petroleum shocks is explained by GDP shocks.
Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interferon-<i>gamma</i>. (1986)

Bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) sequences have been isolated by screening a cDNA library with a human IFN-gamma cDNA probe. The cDNA library was constructed from RNA isolated from concanavalin A-stimulated bovine lymph node cells. The open reading frame predicts that the bovine IFN-gamma precursor is composed of 166 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 19,393. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IFN-gamma indicates that mature bovine IFN-gamma is composed of 143 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 16,858. It has an amino acid homology of 63% with human IFN-gamma, and 47% with murine IFN-gamma. Biologically active bovine IFN-gamma was synthesized in an Escherichia coli expression system.