gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Atraumatic Aspirator for Use in Autologous Transfusion and Cardiac Bypass (1995)

Surgical aspiration has long been seen as the weak link in surgical blood recovery. Aspiration causes a high degree of hemolysis that leads to high plasma hemoglobin levels and reduces the number of erythrocytes available for reinfusion. Aspiration also damages platelets, generates emboli, and increases bleeding time. The major source of the high hemolysis and the other blood damage that occurs during suction is the aspiration of air with the blood. To address this problem, a jet driven aspirator that immediately separates and removes air during suction was designed and tested. The aspirator suctions blood at a range of rates from 100 to at least 700 ml/min, separates and removes 80-100% of the aspirated air, operates at any orientation, and generates subatmospheric pressures on the order of only an inch of water. During in vitro hemolysis testing, the removal of air by the jet driven aspirator showed a significant reduction in hemolysis: plasma hemoglobin levels increased 19.4 mg/dl without air removal and only 1.8 mg/dl with air removal (p < 0.001). In comparative testing with a conventional vacuum operated suction tube, the jet driven aspirator showed significantly less hemolysis (p < 0.001) than did the conventional aspirator at comparable blood and air aspiration rates.
Association News (1980)

This paper distinguishes between 2 concepts for measuring the incidence of disease: risk and rate.Alternative procedures for estimating these measures from epidemiologic data are reviewed and illustrated.An attempt is made to integrate statistical principles with epidemiologic methods while minimizing the use of higher mathematics.Several theoretical and practical criteria are discussed for choosing the appropriate incidence measure in the planning of a study and for selecting the best method of estimation in the analysis.
On the Potential of SiGe HBTs for Extreme Environment Electronics (2005)

"Extreme environments" represents an important niche market for electronics and spans the operation of electronic components in surroundings lying outside the domain of conventional commercial, or even military, specifications. Such extreme environments would include, for instance, operation to very low temperatures (e.g., to 77 K or even 4.2 K), operation at very high temperatures (e.g., to 200/spl deg/C or even 300/spl deg/C), and operation in a radiation-rich environment (e.g., space). We argue that the unique bandgap-engineered features of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors offer great potential to simultaneously satisfy all three extreme environment applications, potentially with little or no process modification, ultimately providing compelling cost advantages at the IC and system level.
Magnetization and magnetostriction of Terfenol-D near spin reorientation boundary (2012)

Magnetization and magnetostriction behaviors of quasi-binary TbxDy1−xFe2 alloys (Terfenol-D) near spin reorientation boundary (SRB) between 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 easy axes are studied by computer simulation of magnetic domain rotations under increasing magnetic field and compressive stress along [112] growth direction. The simulation results reveal coexistence of 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 domains near SRB and show that the switching field first decreases then increases when crossing the SRB from the 〈100〉 region into the 〈111〉 region of the quasi-binary phase diagram, while the magnetostriction first increases then saturates, thus providing an optimal combination of large magnetostriction and low switching field near the SRB as desired for actuator application. This finding has general implications for other magnetostrictive quasi-binary alloys that also exhibit spin reorientation phenomenon, allowing material design for improved magnetostrictive property near SRB, in analogy to morphotropic phase boundary ferroelectrics.
Nano CaCO3: playing a special role in the monofunctionalization of calixarenes by epoxides (2002)

It was found that nano CaCO3 played an interesting role in the reaction of p-tert-butylcalixarene with epoxides. In the presence of nano CaCO3, a monosubstituted calixarene, a β ring-opening product of epoxide, was obtained regioselectively in good yield. When normal CaCO3 was used under the same conditions, the yield was less than 2%. The β ring-opening product of epichlorohydrin could convert to monoglycidyl calixarene by reacting with C2H5ONa in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature in moderate yield.
Silicide formation process in ultra-thin Ni-silicide film for advanced semiconductor devices: mechanism of NiSi<sub>2</sub>formation at low temperature (2011)

Atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning-transmission electron microscopy and ab-initio calculations were used to reveal the reaction involved in the formation of ultra-thin Ni silicide film at 300°C. We found that a Ni-adamantane structure, in which Ni atoms occupy the tetrahedral interstitial voids of Si, forms at the initial stage of the reaction. We also found that the adamantane structure is under considerable compressive stress due to lattice-mismatch at the adamantane structure-Si interface (5.6%). Then, NiSi2 forms just beneath the Ni-adamantane structure at a much lower temperature than the NiSi2 formation temperature reported for the reaction between a Ni layer and Si substrate (800°C). Our analyses strongly suggest that the Ni-adamantane structure acts as a precursor in the formation of NiSi2.
Algorithms for constrained molecular dynamics (1995)

Abstract In molecular dynamics simulations, the fastest components of the potential field impose severe restrictions on the stability and hence the speed of computational methods. One possibility for treating this problem is to replace the fastest components with algebraic length constraints. In this article the resulting systems of mixed differential and algebraic equations are studied. Commonly used discretization schemes for constrained Hamiltonian systems are discussed. The form of the nonlinear equations is examined in detail and used to give convergence results for the traditional nonlinear solution technique SHAKE iteration and for a modification based on successive overrelaxation (SOR). A simple adaptive algorithm for finding the optimal relaxation parameter is presented. Alternative direct methods using sparse matrix techniques are discussed. Numerical results are given for the new techniques, which have been implemented in the molecular modeling software package CHARMM and show as much as twofold improvement over SHAKE iteration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer (1995)

Basis, techniques, and recent strategies and results of interventional treatments for hepatoma were reviewed. The basic experimental researches indispensable to justify clinical technique and dosage have been accomplished. A total of 1310 unresectable cases underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and/or related therapies. The related therapies are several modified or strengthened TACE such as Lipiodol-TACE and subsegmental TACE. The therapies for unembolizable cases are balloon occluded arterial infusion, Lipiodol-SMANCS infusion and percutaneous direct injection chemotherapy, that reinforces the effect of TACE. As for the resectable cases, postoperative TACE was proved to be beneficial because it increased survival rates; however, preoperative TACE was not beneficial. The TACE and related interventional radiologic therapies for the hepatoma can be an equal or superior therapy by virtue of targeting chemotherapy.
Copper prototype measurements of the HOM, LOM and SOM couplers for the ILC Crab Cavity (2008)

The ILC Crab Cavity is positioned close to the IP and delivered luminosity is very sensitive to the wakefields induced in it by the beam. A set of couplers were designed to couple to and damp the spurious modes of the crab cavity. As the crab cavity operates using a dipole mode, it has different damping requirements from an accelerating cavity. A separate coupler is required for the monopole modes below the operating frequency of 3.9 GHz (known as the LOMs), the opposite polarization of the operating mode (the SOM), and the modes above the operating frequency (the HOMs). Prototypes of each of these couplers have been manufactured out of copper and measured attached to an aluminum nine cell prototype of the cavity and their external Q factors were measured. The results were found to agree well with numerical simulations.
A Liquid-Metal RF MEMS Switch with DC-to-40 GHz Performance (2009)

We report a low-loss shunt RF-MEMS switch based on solid-to-liquid contact. This switch uses electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation of a liquid-metal (LM) droplet confined by a microframe, allowing bounce-free operation and fast switching (60 mus). Carrying the inherent solution LM provides for the nagging contact reliability problem, this paper introduces a two-droplet design that allows a low-loss RF performance. We further describe the microfabrication process, and report the test results. The switch demonstrates better than 0.3 dB insertion loss and 20 dB isolation up to 40 GHz, achieving significant improvements over previous demonstrations.
Excluded volume effects on the rate of renaturation of DNA (1971)

Abstract The rate of renaturation of T2 DNA hits been investigated by using complementary DNA strands of different length. The length of the shorter strand ranged from 0.02 to 1.0 times the length of the longer strand. An excluded volume theory is developed to include this type of reaction as well as the DNA–RNA hybridization reaction. Experimental and theoretical rates of renaturation of DNA are found to be in agreement. For the cases studied, the rate was never greater than twice that observed for short strands of the same length renaturing with themselves. The products of renaturation reactions are also considered.
Personal Values, Traveler Personality Type, and Leisure Travel Style (1995)

AbstractThe study examined the relationship between the List of Values (LOV) and Plog's traveler personality type scale and the ability of each to predict travel style. Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 514 visitors to a tourist destination in Arizona. Results indicated that personal values were significantly related to traveler personality type (p <.001). Moreover, personal values significantly differentiated group travelers from independent travelers (p <.001), whereas Plog's scale was unable to do so (p >.25). It was concluded that Plog's measure of traveler personality type may more accurately be conceptualized in terms of locus of control.KEYWORDS: Plog's allocentric-psychocentric continuumpersonal valuestourist behaviorList of Values
Channelrhodopsin as a tool to investigate synaptic transmission and plasticity (2010)

The light-gated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has been used in a variety of model systems to investigate the function of complex neuronal networks by stimulation of genetically targeted neurons. In slice physiology, ChR2 opens the door to novel types of experiments and greatly extends the technical possibilities offered by traditional electrophysiology. In this short review, we first consider several technical aspects concerning the use of ChR2 in slice physiology, providing examples from our own work. More specifically, we discuss differences between light-evoked action potentials and spontaneous or electrically induced action potentials. Our work implies that light-evoked action potentials are associated with increased calcium influx and a very high probability of neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, we point out the factors limiting the spatial resolution of ChR2 activation. Secondly, we discuss how synaptic transmission and plasticity can be studied using ChR2. Postsynaptic depolarization induced by ChR2 can be combined with two-photon glutamate uncaging to potentiate visually identified dendritic spines. ChR2-mediated stimulation of presynaptic axons induces neurotransmitter release and reliably activates postsynaptic spines. In conclusion, ChR2 is a powerful tool to investigate activity-dependent changes in structure and function of synapses.
Basic characteristics of variable rate video coding in ATM environment (1989)

Basic characteristics of variable-rate video coders applied to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) transmission are described. Burstiness of video information is evaluated for conference-type scenes using various coding algorithms. Three measures (distribution, autocorrelation, and coefficient of variation) are introduced to evaluate burstiness. Video sources are modeled and characterized by the autoregressive process and coefficient of variation. Video quality improvement achieved with variable rate transmission is evaluated using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subjective ratings. An improvement of 5-10 dB in temporal SNR and 1 rank in mean opinion score are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Live donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in children (2003)

The mortality rate among children with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) on the waiting list for cadaveric donor liver transplantation (CDLT) is high. Results of emergency CDLT in this situation often are unsatisfactory, and a long-term survival rate less than 30% has been reported. Live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for FHF in children has been advocated, but is reported rarely. We present our experience with LDLT in children with FHF. Between September 1993 and December 2002, primary LDLT was performed for 26 children; 8 of these children had FHF. Patient demographics, clinical and laboratory data, surgical details, complications, and graft and patient survival are reviewed. Four boys and four girls received left-lateral segment (n = 7) and full left-lobe (n = 1) grafts. Mean age was 2.9 +/- 1.2 years (range, 3 months to 11 years). Causes of FHF were drug induced in 2 patients and idiopathic in 6 patients. One child received a blood group-incompatible graft. Two patients died; 1 patient of cytomegalovirus infection at 8.6 months and 1 patient of recurrent hepatitis of unknown cause at 2.8 months after LDLT. The child who received a mismatched graft had refractory rejection and underwent a second LDLT with a blood group-compatible graft 19 days afterward. He eventually died of lymphoproliferative disease. Another patient developed graft failure related to venous outflow obstruction and survived after retransplantation with a cadaveric graft. With a median follow-up of 13.2 months (range, 2.8 to 60.3 months), actuarial graft and patient survival rates were 50% and 62.5%, respectively. Survival results appear inferior compared with those of 18 children who underwent LDLT for elective conditions during the same study period (graft survival, 89%; P =.051; patient survival, 89%; P =.281). Although survival outcomes are inferior to those in elective situations, LDLT is a timely and lifesaving procedure for children with FHF.
Predictive Current Control Strategy With Imposed Load Current Spectrum (2008)

This paper presents a modified predictive current control strategy which allows one to have control over the spectrum of the load current. The proposed method uses a model of the system to predict the behavior of the current for each possible voltage vector generated by the inverter. For that purpose, at each sampling interval, signal predictions are evaluated using a cost function that quantifies the desired system behavior. The cost function used in this work evaluates the filtered error of the load currents. The inclusion of a filter for the load error allows one to manipulate current spectra. Thus, by designing this filter appropriately, the load spectrum can be shaped. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations by ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (1998)

Prenatal ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality in pregnancy as it allows direct real-time fetal examination. Antenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has so far been of limited clinical value owing to poor image quality. This was due to the long acquisition times that were needed to achieve a high enough spatial resolution for assessment of the small fetal anatomic structures resulting in severe motion artefacts. This problem has now been overcome by recent technical improvements. We present a case of fetal malformation (MURCS association), where an ultrafast T2-weighted RARE sequence (single shot fast spin echo sequence) provided images of excellent quality, which led to the correct antenatal diagnosis. MRI using this sequence can now be used for prenatal diagnosis and is thus likely to become an important adjunct to ultrasonography, especially in cases in which ultrasound findings are unclear of sonographic images are impaired by maternal obesity or oligohydramnios.
Hybrid Anion Exchange Fibers with Dual Binding Sites: Simultaneous and Reversible Sorption of Perchlorate and Arsenate (2009)

When multiple trace contaminants of significantly different chemical properties are present in a single source of contaminated water, designing an engineered sorbent for their simultaneous removal poses a major challenge. Physical–chemical properties of the sorption sites need to be tailored and expanded for preferential binding of more than one contaminant in such cases. The scientific challenge becomes increasingly complex when the sorbent requires to be reusable through intermittent regenerations. In this study, hydrated Fe(III) oxide or HFO nanoparticles were dispersed within an ion exchange fiber containing covalently attached quaternary ammonium functional groups. The resulting hybrid anion exchange fiber (HAIX-F) showed very high sorption affinity for both perchlorate and arsenate in the presence of orders of magnitude greater concentrations of competing sulfate and chloride anions. A series of experimental studies validated that relatively hydrophobic perchlorate was selectively bound to quaternary ammonium functional groups while arsenate uptake took place onto HFO surfaces through ligand exchange. The most significant finding of the study was that perchlorate and arsenate could be desorbed efficiently but separately from each other in a simple-to-operate two-step regeneration using conventional regenerants, namely, sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride solutions. In contrast, spherical anion exchange resins are not amenable to such high regeneration efficiency for perchlorate due to significantly longer diffusion path lengths. The unique sorption and desorption behaviors of HAIX-F can be easily extended to other applications where hydrophobic or polyvalent anions [e.g., pentachlorophenate, uranium(VI) oxyanion, benzenesulfonate] are simultaneously present with environmentally significant ligands, such as phosphate, oxalate, vanadate.
Digitally-Controlled Electrical Balance Duplexer for Transmitter-Receiver Isolation in Full-Duplex Radio (2016)

Today’s traditional radio systems exploit two techniques to transmit and receive which are Time Domain Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Domain Duplexing (FDD). These two techniques allow bidirectional communication exploiting different frequencies or time-slots for the transmission and receiving operations. The ongoing research on wireless communications is currently active under in-band Full-Duplex (FD) radio communications, where co-located transmitter and receiver are operating simultaneously at the same central frequency doubling the spectral efficiency. The main technical challenge consists in suppressing the strong self-interference (SI) which is caused by the transmitting (TX) leakage into the receiving (RX) chain. Thus, FD transceivers need to provide high TX-RX isolation requirements in order to suppress the SI. Different methods are employed to mitigate the effect of the SI pursuing then FD operation. Generally, passive isolation between the TX and RX in the radio frequency (RF) domain can be built on specific antenna technologies or hybrid junction based electrical balance duplexers (EBD). On top of these, active SI cancellation is also typically required, either at analog/RF stages or digital baseband or both. \nThis thesis work presents a novel digitally-controlled electrical balance duplexer prototype capable of inband FD radio communications. The developed EBD prototype works in the ISM-Band, at 2.4-2.48 GHz, and can achieve TX to RX isolation of 53 dB across an 80 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. The prototype is composed of three parts, namely coupled line hybrid junction, triple-Pi balancing impedance and antenna tuning unit (ATU) which are all realized with commercial off-the-shelf components and implemented over a two layer FR4 board. The EBD contains also a self-adaptive or self-healing digital control system enabling automatic tracking of time-varying antenna impedance characteristics, providing robustness against fast changes in the surrounding environment and against user interactions. In addition to the architecture and operating principle descriptions, we also provide actual RF measurements at 2.4 GHz ISM band with real antenna connected, demonstrating the achievable isolation levels with different bandwidths and when operating in different environmental conditions. Furthermore, isolation performances are measured when operating with different antennas and under a low-cost highly nonlinear power amplifier.
Cathode Catalyst Utilization for the ORR in a PEMFC (2007)

The following model/experiment comparisons aid in predicting the maximum performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for a cathode catalyst with known oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in the absence of gas transport resistances. Specific focus was on modeling the voltage loss within the cathode catalyst layer, which results from a balance between slow ORR kinetics and resistance to proton transport. A unique plot of proton resistance correction vs the ratio of ohmic (expressed by the proton conduction sheet resistance, ) to charge transfer resistance (expressed by the ratio of the Tafel slope of the ORR over the current density, ) in a PEMFC cathode was developed, based on an analytical solution to effective proton resistance in the porous cathode electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Additionally, a plot of catalyst utilization vs was developed to serve as a guideline of experimental design parameters such that catalyst utilization is kept above 90%, which is a prerequisite for measuring the ORR kinetics. The model is applicable as long as the ORR follow simple Tafel kinetics.