gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Observations-Based Statistical System for Warm-Season Hourly Probabilistic Forecasts of Low Ceiling at the San Francisco International Airport (1999)

A computational system that uses statistical equations to forecast hourly probabilities of marine stratus burn-off (via ceiling) at the San Francisco International Airport for 1–6-h lead times is developed. The system is based entirely upon surface and upper-air observations in the San Francisco Bay Area as predictors. A test of the product on a 3-yr independent sample shows a 6%–21% reduction in the mean square error (mse) compared with persistence "climatology." The amount of improvement is noteworthy, considering that a dearth of reliable observations exists upstream from the airport. Moreover, the inclusion of important upper-air predictors into the forecast equations can reduce the mse by 3% when compared with a system of equations derived solely from surface data. Paired-difference tests reveal that the upper-air data provide the greatest contribution for valid times that are nearest to the data's observational time. Ceiling forecasts are compared to Model Output Statistics (MOS) probabilistic ceiling forecasts for two different MOS lead times. When forecasts valid at 1500 UTC are verified, 3-h observation-based forecasts result in a 32% reduction in mse over MOS forecasts having a 13- to 15-h lead time. When a more competitive 4- to 6-h MOS lead time is allotted (using an 1800 UTC valid time), 3-h observation-based forecasts result in an 8% reduction in the mse over MOS forecasts. Analysis of the predictive system's performance on the 3-yr independent sample reveals that a broad distribution of probabilistic forecasts is produced, in contrast with forecasts made from persistence climatology, which can offer only a limited probability distribution for each case. Because the probabilistic forecasts are shown to be unbiased, it is expected that similar systems designed for operational use would guide users toward more prudent decisions on the implementation or termination of air traffic delay programs.
Photoelectric Response from Two Amphiphilic Nitrobenzene Dyes with Alkoxyl on a Monolayer-Modified ITO Electrode (1998)

Two amphiphilic nitrobenzene dyes 3-(CH3O)-4-(C18H37O)C6H3CHNNHC6H4NO2 (dye1) and 4-(C18H37O)C6H4CHNNHC6H4NO2 (dye2) were synthesized and deposited on semiconducting transparent ITO electrodes by a Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The photocurrent generations have been studied in a conventional photoelectrochemical cell. Action spectra of the photocurrent generation are coincident with the absorption of the LB film-modified electrodes, indicating that the dye aggregates in the LB film are responsible for the photocurrent. Some factors which may affect the observed photocurrent, such as existence of O2, concentration of MV2+ (methyl viologen) and H2Q (hydroquinone), pH values, and the bias voltage, have been investigated. On the basis of experiments, mechanism models for the photocurrent generation under different conditions are proposed.
Monoclonal antibodies to parasite antigens found in the serum of <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>-infected dogs. (1985)

We recently reported that parasite antigens are detectable in the serum of Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Hybridoma cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies specific for these antigens were obtained by immunizing mice with a partially purified antigen preparation, fusing spleen cells with SP-2 myeloma cells, and screening cell culture supernatants for antibody by ELISA and CIE inhibition. Antibodies specific for two epitopes shared by the two major circulating parasite antigens were identified. Immunoperoxidase studies showed that the epitopes recognized by the monoclonals were widely distributed in D. immitis, but the female uterus and eggs were particularly strongly labeled. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was developed to measure parasite antigens in dog sera. Parasite antigens were detected in 45 of 46 sera from infected dogs but were absent in sera from uninfected dogs and sera from dogs infected with Dipetalonema reconditum. Serum antigen content was significantly correlated with the number of female worms recovered from infected dogs (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001). Antigenemia was first detected 6 mo after infection, and antigen levels remained fairly stable between 9 and 21 mo after infection. Parasite antigen detection with this monoclonal antibody-based ELISA appears to be superior to previously described diagnostic methods for canine dirofilariasis in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and relation to infection intensity.
Overall properties of a cracked solid (1980)

Abstract The differential-integral equation of motion for the mean wave in a solid material containing embedded cavities or inclusions is derived. It consists of a series of terms of ascending powers of the scattering operator, and is here truncated after the third term. This implies the second-order interactions between scatterers are included but those of the third order are not. The formulae are specialized to the case of thin cracks, either aligned in a single direction or randomly oriented. Expressions for the overall elastic constants are derived for the case of long wavelengths. These expressions are accurate to the second order in the number density of scatterers.
TimeCrunch (2015)

How can we describe a large, dynamic graph over time? Is it random? If not, what are the most apparent deviations from randomness -- a dense block of actors that persists over time, or perhaps a star with many satellite nodes that appears with some fixed periodicity? In practice, these deviations indicate patterns -- for example, botnet attackers forming a bipartite core with their victims over the duration of an attack, family members bonding in a clique-like fashion over a difficult period of time, or research collaborations forming and fading away over the years. Which patterns exist in real-world dynamic graphs, and how can we find and rank them in terms of importance? These are exactly the problems we focus on in this work. Our main contributions are (a) formulation: we show how to formalize this problem as minimizing the encoding cost in a data compression paradigm, (b) algorithm: we propose TIMECRUNCH, an effective, scalable and parameter-free method for finding coherent, temporal patterns in dynamic graphs and (c) practicality: we apply our method to several large, diverse real-world datasets with up to 36 million edges and 6.3 million nodes. We show that TIMECRUNCH is able to compress these graphs by summarizing important temporal structures and finds patterns that agree with intuition.
Evaluating the relationship between product and user (1994)

The paper describes a research project which seeks to develop a conceptual model of the process of product design evaluation. The paper presents a method for evaluating concept design proposals by means of quantifying the attributes, in user terms, that a particular product should possess. The work is based on current product design practice and a computer aided evaluation system tool is used to implement the evaluation methodology.
Affinity radiolabeling identifies peptides and amino acids associated with substrate binding in human placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid dehydrogenase. (1993)

Purified human placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) was affinity radiolabeled by 2 alpha-bromo[2'-14C]acetoxyprogesterone (2 alpha-BAP) in the presence or absence of 3 beta-HSD substrate, pregnenolone. The substrate steroid substantially protects 3 beta-HSD activity from inactivation by 2 alpha-BAP. Tryptic peptides of unprotected and substrate-protected radioalkylated enzyme were purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of each radiolabeled peptide was determined and localized within the cDNA-derived primary structure of the enzyme. According to the percent total radioactivity associated with each of four radiolabeled peaks separated by high pressure liquid chromatography, two peptides were protected by substrate from affinity radioalkylation by 2 alpha-BAP. The first, 251GQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSK274, was produced by tryptic cleavage at Arg-250 and Lys-274 (the Arg-250 peptide) and contained radiolabeled His262. The second, 176NGGTLYTCALR186, was produced by tryptic cleavage at Lys-175 and Arg-186 (the Lys-175 peptide) and contained radiolabeled Cys183. Based on amino acid analysis to quantitate radioactivity incorporated per nmol of peptide, substrate steroid decreased the radiolabeling of His262 in the Arg-250 peptide by 3.6-fold and decreased the radiolabeling of Cys183 in the Lys-175 peptide by 3.7-fold. Three minor radiolabeled peptides (the NH2-terminal, Arg-71, and Arg-196 tryptic peptides) were also identified in the primary structure, but pregnenolone did not diminish their affinity radioalkylation. These observations indicate that the Arg-250 and Lys-175 peptides are involved in substrate binding and suggest that His262 and Cys183 are in close proximity in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme.
Warranty and Complaint Policies: An Opportunity for Marketing Management (1975)

A DECADE of consumerism has substantially redefined the relationship of buyer and seller in the marketplace. Consumer activism, legislation, and heightened consumer expectations have placed more responsibility on the manufacturer for the performance of his goods, with a corresponding increase in the rights of the consumer. Direct complaints to manufacturers from the better-educated, increasingly affluent and aware consumer have burgeoned in this new climate. Although business appears to be doing a much better job in dealing with irate consumers, expectations have apparently outstripped this improvement. Federal Trade Commissioner Engman recently summed up the situation by saying: The simple fact is that for vast and increasing numbers of consumers with valid complaints, there is nothing to be done . .. other than kick the dog, yell at his children, and curse at his wife.' In this article the authors focus on an area that has received relatively little attention in the ongoing furor of consumerism: warranty and complaint policies and practices of consumer packaged goods manufacturers (CPGMs). Although attacked by consumer activists on several fronts-unit pricing, informational labeling, package standardization, and the like-CPGMs have generally maintained a low profile in an area of business practice that has been a major issue for other types of manufacturers. Studies by the authors and others show that CPGM response to overt consumer dissatisfaction is generally good, but that many CPGMs choose to ignore-or do not fully appreciate-the magnitude of customer dissatisfaction with their products, and have not formulated adequate policies and procedures to deal with it.2 Furthermore, some opportunities inherent in offering guarantees and responding to complaints have not been fully explored. In the following pages, the authors:
Infrared absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of carbon nitride thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (1994)

Carbon nitride thin films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering of a graphite target in a nitrogen containing gas mixture onto Si(100) substrates held at ambient temperatures. All CNx coatings grown to a thickness of 1.5 μm are adherent and smooth. Infrared absorption and isotropic nitrogen labeling indicate that carbon and nitrogen are chemically bonded together. Both solid-state 13C and 15N magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were performed. NMR measurements indicate the presence of sp2 bonded C and N.
Targeted destruction of androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer cells and xenografts through luteinizing hormone receptors (2001)

We conclude that the hecate-betaLH conjugate selectively kills androgen-dependent and-independent prostate cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro; its toxicity depends on the number of LH receptor sites present.
A randomized phase II study of elotuzumab with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. (2012)

8020 Background: Elotuzumab (Elo) is a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody targeting CS1, a cell surface glycoprotein. CS1 is highly expressed on >95% of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, with lower expression on natural killer cells and little to no expression on normal tissues. A phase 1 trial of Elo plus lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone (Elo/Len/Dex) demonstrated an 82% objective response rate (ORR) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (RR) MM (Lonial et al. J Clin Oncol, in press). Methods: In this phase 2 study, previously treated pts with MM were randomized to Elo 10 or 20 mg/kg IV (days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 28-days in first 2 cycles and days 1 and 15 of subsequent cycles), Len 25 mg PO (days 1-21) and Dex 40 mg PO weekly. Prophylaxis for infusion-related reactions (IRs) was administered prior to each Elo infusion. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was to assess efficacy (ORR ≥partial response [PR]) according to IMWG criteria. Results: Among73 pts (median age 63 years; range, 39-82), 55% had received ≥2 prior therapies, 60% had received prior bortezomib, and 62% prior thalidomide. ORR was 82% for all pts including 48% ≥ very good PR (VGPR). The ORRs were 92% in the 10 mg/kg group (n=36) and 73% in the 20 mg/kg group (n=37). Median time to best response was 2.2 months (range, 0.7-17.5). After a median follow-up of 14.1 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) has not been reached, with PFS rates of 75% (10 mg/kg) and 65% (20 mg/kg). Elo/Len/Dex also showed encouraging activity in pts with high-risk cytogenetics (ORR 80%) and/or Stage 2-3 MM (ORR 81%). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (16%), lymphopenia (16%), and thrombocytopenia (16%). Investigator-designated IRs were reported in 12% of pts (all grades); 1 pt (1.4%) had grade 3 IR (rash). Conclusions: Elo/Len/Dex was generally well tolerated and resulted in a high ORR, and PFS not reached after 14.1 months of median follow-up in pts with RR MM. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. Two phase 3 trials of 10 mg/kg Elo/Len/Dex are ongoing in newly diagnosed MM (ELOQUENT1; CA204-006; NCT01335399) and RR MM (ELOQUENT2; CA204-004; NCT01239797).
Registration of 3D Face Scans with Average Face Models (2008)

The accuracy of a 3D face recognition system depends on a correct registration that aligns the facial surfaces and makes a comparison possible. The best results obtained so far use a costly one-to-all registration approach, which requires the registration of each facial surface to all faces in the gallery. We explore the approach of registering the new facial surface to an average face model (AFM), which automatically establishes correspondence to the pre-registered gallery faces. We propose a new algorithm for constructing an AFM, and show that it works better than a recent approach. Extending the single-AFM approach, we propose to employ category-specific alternative AFMs for registration, and evaluate the effect on subsequent classification. We perform simulations with multiple AFMs that correspond to different clusters in the face shape space and compare these with gender and morphology based groupings. We show that the automatic clustering approach separates the faces into gender and morphology groups, consistent with the other race effect reported in the psychology literature. We inspect thin-plate spline and iterative closest point based registration schemes under manual or automatic landmark detection prior to registration. Finally, we describe and analyse a regular re-sampling method that significantly increases the accuracy of registration.
Subsolidus Phase Relations of the Cu—Ga—N System. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reciprocal Activation of Prostate Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Stimulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness (2010)

Although cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are key determinants in the malignant progression of cancer, their functional contribution to this process is still unclear. Analysis of the mutual interplay between prostate carcinoma cells and CAFs revealed a mandatory role of carcinoma-derived interleukin-6 in fibroblast activation. In turn, activated fibroblasts through secretion of metalloproteinases elicit in cancer cells a clear epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as enhancement of tumor growth and development of spontaneous metastases. CAF-induced EMT leads prostate carcinoma cells to enhance expression of stem cell markers, as well as the ability to form prostaspheres and to self-renew. Hence, the paracrine interplay between CAFs and cancer cells leads to an EMT-driven gain of cancer stem cell properties associated with aggressiveness and metastatic spread.
Anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanism of action of lupeol acetate isolated from Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel (2010)

The anti-inflammatory effect of LA probably involves the opioid system, as indicated by the complete blockade of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Furthermore, the LA effect was potentiated by PTX (a TNF-alpha inhibitor). LA also decreased the number of iNOS cells, suggesting the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the NO system in the drug action.
High-quality asynchronous heralded single-photon source at telecom wavelength (2004)

We report on the experimental realization and characterization of an asynchronous heralded single photon source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion. Photons at 1550nm are heralded as being inside a single-mode fiber with more than 60% probability, and the multi-photon emission probability is reduced by up to a factor 600 compared to poissonian light sources. These figures of merit, together with the choice of telecom wavelength for the heralded photons are compatible with practical applications needing very efficient and robust single photon sources.
An investigation of research on evolution of altruism using informetric methods and the growing hierarchical self-organizing map (2010)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of research related to evolution of altruism from 1971 to 2009 within the science citation index expanded (SCIE) and the social science citation index (SSCI) databases. This study showed how the growth of research related to evolution of altruism is a well known phenomenon, that statistics of the Bradford’s Law identified ten core altruism-related journals, and that the altruism-related data does not fit Lotka’s law. We applied Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (GHSOM), a text-mining Neural Networks tool, to obtain a hierarchical topic map. The topic map illustrated the delicate intertwining of subject areas and provided a more explicit illustration of the concepts within each subject area. Furthermore, the result of the topic map also reflects that evolutionary psychology based on neuroscience and other related discipline will play an importance role in the future exploring into the in-depth motivation of altruism.
Association of Knowledge, Anxiety, and Fear with Adherence to Follow Up for Colposcopy (2002)

Objectives To evaluate the association of pre-visit anxiety with pre- and post-visit knowledge, satisfaction, and adherence to colposcopy follow-up visits. Methods A group of 122 women presenting for colposcopy between July 1999 and May 2000 were studied. Immediately prior to their appointment, 98% of eligible patients participated in a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were sent a follow-up questionnaire within two weeks of the appointment. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Results The mean follow up was 112 days (SE 9.47). Although the mean fear score was 7.3 (SE 3, range 1–10) and mean anxiety score was 7.8 (SE 2.8, range 1–10), there was no significant association with pre-visit fear and adherence to follow up. Pre-evaluation knowledge was positively associated with fear, anxiety, post-visit knowledge, and adherence to follow up. Conclusions Pre-visit intervention may improve adherence and reduce anxiety associated with colposcopy.
N6-Phenyladenosines: pronounced effect of phenyl substituents on affinity for A2 adenosine receptors (1987)

A number of N6-phenyladenosines with various substitutions on the phenyl ring have been synthesized and tested for their affinities toward brain A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Compounds with meta substituents, such as (m-hydroxy- and m-iodophenyl)adenosine, were found to have high A1 selectivity. Meta substitution caused a selective decrease in the affinity of these compounds for A2 receptors. The results suggest that, in contrast to what is commonly held, certain N6-substituents have pronounced effects on affinity for brain A2 adenosine receptors. Thus, brain A2 receptors may have a well-defined region that recognizes N6-substitutions.
A theoretical and experimental investigation of low-frequency acoustic vector sensors (2005)

An acoustic vector sensor is a compact device which simultaneously measures the scalar acoustic pressure p(t, r/spl I.oarr//sub 0/) and the gradient of the acoustic pressure, /spl nabla/p(t, r/spl I.oarr//sub 0/), at some measurement point r/spl I.oarr//sub 0/. Thus, a three-dimensional (3D) acoustic vector sensor produces four time series outputs, which can be processed to provide some degree of spatial filtering and a direction of arrival (DoA) estimate to an acoustic target. Historically, two-dimensional (2D) acoustic vector sensors have been used in several Navy systems, like the DIFAR sonobuoy (AN/SQQ-53 series) and the AN/WLR-9 acoustic intercept receiver (which uses the multimode hydrophone). These devices have made important contributions to the Navy sonar community, where it is desirable to obtain an accurate azimuthal DoA estimate for bearing to a low-frequency target from a single point in space. Other researchers have used the outputs of acoustic vector sensor to estimate intensity vector (watts/m/sup 2/). In the literature, these intensity-related vector sensors have been referred to as intensity probes or "acoustic watt-meters". In this paper, we consider 3D acoustic vector sensors that uses three orthogonal underwater acoustic accelerometers with a scalar acoustic pressure sensor of hydrophone packaged in a single housing. The sensors will be referred to as low-frequency vector sensors since they were optimized for the 50 Hz to 2 kHz band. We will show that these vector sensors can produce a frequency-independent spatial response over the aforementioned band. Specifically, a 3-dB beamwidth of 105 degrees across the stated frequency band and an array gain against isotropic noise of 6 dB can be achieved. We will also show that the four time series vector sensor outputs (x, y and z accelerations and 1 pressure) can be processed to produce multiple nulls in the spatial response or beam pattern, which can be used to null out interfering noise sources. Experimental results, recorded at the US Navy Seneca Lake Test Facility, Dresden, NY using two different designs of the aforementioned 3D vector sensor, show how vector sensors perform in the presence of multiple low-frequency sources and interferers.