gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific T Cell Responses in Rhesus Monkeys by Synthetic Peptides from gp160 (1993)

We have previously identified several synthetic peptides from conserved regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp160 that have the capacity to induce broadly reactive T cell responses against gp160 in mice of several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. In the present investigation three rhesus monkeys were immunized with a mixture of eight synthetic peptides that are capable of inducing T cell activity in mice. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these monkeys were monitored every 2 weeks for a period of 34 weeks for proliferative responses against individual peptides and recombinant gp160. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all three rhesus monkeys showed good proliferative responses with peptides 104 (aa 45-55), 111 (aa 118-130), and 63 (aa 519-543), whereas weak responses were observed with peptides 113 (aa 204-216) and 116 (aa 240-252). Two of the three rhesus monkey-derived PBMC preparations also showed good proliferative responses with peptide 61 (aa 586-598). Significant responses were not observed with peptides 105 (aa 48-61) and R15K (aa 315-329) in any of the monkeys immunized. However, PBMCs from all three monkeys showed significantly high proliferative responses with recombinant gp160, the HIV-1 envelope protein precursor. These results demonstrate that mixtures of synthetic peptides from HIV env gene product can prime gp160-specific T cell responses in rhesus monkeys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Partial Oxidation (“Aging”) and Surface Modification Decrease the Toxicity of Nanosized Zerovalent Iron (2008)

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a "redox"-active nanomaterial used in the remediation of contaminated groundwater. To assess the effect of "aging" and surface modification on its potential neurotoxicity, cultured rodent microglia (BV2) and neurons (N27) were exposed to fresh nZVI, "aged" (>11 months) nZVI, magnetite, and polyaspartate surface-modified (SM) nZVI. Increases in various measures of oxidative stress indicated that BV2 microglia responded to these materials in the following rank order: nZVI > "aged" nZVI > magnetite = SM nZVI. Fresh nZVI produced morphological evidence of mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis. In N27 neurons, ATP levels were reduced in the following rank order: nZVI > SM-nZVI > "aged" nZVI = magnetite. Ultrastructurally, nZVI produced a perinuclear floccular material and cytoplasmic granularity. Both SM-nZVI produced intracellular deposits of nanosize particles in the N27. The physicochemical properties of each material, measured under exposure conditions, indicated that all had electronegative zeta potentials. The iron content of nZVI (approximately 35%) and SM-nZVI (approximately 25%) indicated high "redox" activity while that of "aged" and magnetite was neglibile. Sedimentation and agglomeration occurred in the following rank order: nZV > "aged" nZVI > magnetite >> SM-nZVI. Correlating these properties with toxicity indicated that partial or complete oxidation of nZVI reduced its "redox" activity, agglomeration, sedimentation rate, and toxicity to mammalian cells. Surface modification decreased nZVI toxicity by reducing sedimentation which limited particle exposure to the cells.
The pS2 gene, mRNA, and protein: a potential marker for human breast cancer. (1990)

Approximately 50% of human breast tumors secrete a small cysteine-rich protein called pS2. In the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, expression of the pS2 protein is strongly induced by estrogen, and cloning and sequence analysis of the pS2 gene has revealed an "estrogen responsive element" in the gene's 5'-flanking region. The results of immunohistochemical assays and radioimmunoassays on breast cancer biopsies indicate that the pS2 protein is a marker for hormone-dependent breast tumors and that its expression is associated with longer overall, and disease-free, survival. The pS2 protein is also expressed in normal stomach mucosa and in regenerative tissues in ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Its physiological function is unknown.
Aerobic Biodegradation of 2,2′-Dithiodibenzoic Acid Produced from Dibenzothiophene Metabolites (2006)

Dibenzothiophene is a sulfur heterocycle found in crude oils and coal. The biodegradation of dibenzothiophene through the Kodama pathway by Pseudomonas sp. strain BT1d leads to the formation of three disulfides: 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid disulfide, 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid-2-benzoic acid disulfide, and 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid. When provided as the carbon and sulfur source in liquid medium, 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid was degraded by soil enrichment cultures. Two bacterial isolates, designated strains RM1 and RM6, degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid when combined in the medium. Isolate RM6 was found to have an absolute requirement for vitamin B12, and it degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid in pure culture when the medium was supplemented with this vitamin. Isolate RM6 also degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid in medium containing sterilized supernatants from cultures of isolate RM1 grown on glucose or benzoate. Isolate RM6 was identified as a member of the genus Variovorax using the Biolog system and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Although the mechanism of disulfide metabolism could not be determined, benzoic acid was detected as a transient metabolite of 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid biodegradation by Variovorax sp. strain RM6. In pure culture, this isolate mineralized 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid, releasing 59% of the carbon as carbon dioxide and 88% of the sulfur as sulfate.
THE INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL CELL GROWTH BY KETONE BODIES (1981)

The effect of ketone bodies on the growth, in culture, of Escherichia coli was investigated. Both growth and glucose utilisation were inhibited in the presence of 20 mmol/l D-3-hydroxybutyrate. Lower concentrations of D-3-hydroxybutyrate caused proportionally less inhibition of growth. Acetoacetate also inhibited growth but other glycolytic inhibitors and chemical analogues of D-3-hydroxybutyrate either did not inhibit or proved to be too toxic for bacterial growth. Citrate enhanced the ketone body effect. D-3-hydroxybutyrate also inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella typhimurium. The possible relationship between ketone body inhibition of cell growth and oxygen limitation is discussed.
Qualitative Analysis of Tackifier Resins in Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Tackifier resins play an important role as additives in pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) to modulate their desired properties. With dependence on their origin and processing, tackifier resins can be multicomponent mixtures. Once they have been incorporated in a polymer matrix, conventional chemical analysis of tackifiers usually tends to be challenging because a suitable sample pretreatment and/or separation is necessary and all characteristic components have to be detected for an unequivocal identification of the resin additive. Nevertheless, a reliable analysis of tackifiers is essential for product quality and safety reasons. A promising approach for the examination of tackifier resins in PSAs is the novel direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) technique, which enables screening analysis without time-consuming sample preparation. In the present work, four key classes of tackifier resins were studied (rosin, terpene phenolic, polyterpene, and hydrocarbon resins). Their corresponding complex mass spectra were interpreted and used as reference spectra for subsequent analyses. These data were used to analyze tackifier additives in synthetic rubber and acrylic adhesive matrixes. To prove the efficiency of the developed method, complete PSA products containing two or three different tackifiers were analyzed. The tackifier resins were successfully identified, while measurement time and interpretation took less than 10 mins per sample. Determination of resin additives in PSAs can be performed down to 0.1% (w/w, limit of detection) using the three most abundant signals for each tackifier. In summary, DART-MS is a rapid and efficient screening method for the analysis of various tackifiers in PSAs.
American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials (2011)

We propose two new definitions of remission, both of which can be uniformly applied and widely used in RA clinical trials. We recommend that one of these be selected as an outcome measure in each trial and that the results on both be reported for each trial.
Constitutively Active Akt Induces Enhanced Myelination in the CNS (2008)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt regulates multiple cellular functions. The current studies identify a new role for Akt in CNS myelination. In earlier studies on cultured oligodendrocytes, we showed that neuregulin signals through phosphatidylinositol-3'-OH kinase and Akt to enhance survival of oligodendrocytes. However, when transgenic animals were generated that overexpressed constitutively active Akt in oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells, no enhanced survival of oligodendrocytes or progenitors was found. No alteration in the proliferation or death of progenitors was noted. In contrast, the major impact of Akt overexpression in oligodendrocytes was enhanced myelination. Most interestingly, oligodendrocytes in these mice continued actively myelinating throughout life. Thus, expression of constitutively active Akt in oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells generated no more oligodendrocytes, but dramatically more myelin. The increased myelination continued as these mice aged, resulting in enlarged optic nerves and white matter areas. In older animals with enlarged white matter areas, the density of oligodendrocytes was reduced, but because of the increased area, the total number of oligodendrocytes remained comparable with wild-type controls. Interestingly, in these animals, overexpression of Akt in Schwann cells did not impact myelination. Thus, in vivo, constitutively active Akt enhances CNS myelination but not PNS myelination and has no impact developmentally on oligodendrocyte number. Understanding the unique aspects of Akt signal transduction in oligodendrocytes that lead to myelination rather than uncontrolled proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells may have important implications for understanding remyelination in the adult nervous system.
Thermal conductance and phonon transmissivity of metal–graphite interfaces (2010)

The thermal boundary conductances between c-axis oriented highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and several metals have been measured in the temperature range 87–300 K and are found to be similar to those of metal–diamond interfaces. The values obtained are indicative of the thermal interface conductance between metals and the sidewalls of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and, therefore, have relevance for the accurate characterization of the thermal properties of CNTs, graphene, and the design and performance of composite materials and electronic devices based on these structures. A modified diffuse mismatch model is used to interpret the data and extract the phonon transmissivity at the interface. The results indicate that metal–graphite adhesion forces and interfacial mixing effects play important roles in determining the boundary conductance.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study of Docetaxel Plus Carboplatin With Celecoxib and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression As a Biomarker for Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The NVALT-4 Study (2011)

In advanced NSCLC, celecoxib does not improve survival. In this study, COX-2 expression was not a prognostic biomarker and had no predictive value when celecoxib was added to chemotherapy.
<title>Hierarchical model for early visual processing</title> (1994)

In this paper a hierarchical model for early visual processing is presented and its applicability to image processing problems is demonstrated. The model consists of arrays of processing units, or neurons, arranged in layers that are retinotopically connected. The principal feature of this architecture is that neighboring neurons exert mutually inhibitory interactions only. It is shown that the proposed model can generate the center-surround (CS) and the orientation- selective (OS) receptive field profiles observed in the early parts of the mammalian visual system. Our study reveals that the receptive field sensitivity profile depends on the lateral extent of the inhibitory interactions. The OS receptive field requires a larger number of lateral inhibitory interactions than does a CS receptive field. Furthermore, it is found that the lateral extent of inhibition can be reduced by cascading CS layers with OS layers. Finally, the applicability of the model to feature detection and image enhancement is also investigated.
Biorobotics: Using robots to emulate and investigate agile locomotion (2014)

The graceful and agile movements of animals are difficult to analyze and emulate because locomotion is the result of a complex interplay of many components: the central and peripheral nervous systems, the musculoskeletal system, and the environment. The goals of biorobotics are to take inspiration from biological principles to design robots that match the agility of animals, and to use robots as scientific tools to investigate animal adaptive behavior. Used as physical models, biorobots contribute to hypothesis testing in fields such as hydrodynamics, biomechanics, neuroscience, and prosthetics. Their use may contribute to the design of prosthetic devices that more closely take human locomotion principles into account.
Identification of outer membrane proteins, including known lymphocyte mitogens, as the endotoxin protein of <i>Escherichia coli</i> 0111. (1981)

Abstract Endotoxin protein co-purifies with lipopolysaccharide after extraction of Gram-negative bacteria with aqueous n-butyl alcohol or trichloroacetic acid and is known to elicit diverse biologic activities from cells of the mammalian reticuloendothelial system. However, to date the biologically active component(s) in endotoxin protein have not been identified. We have now characterized endotoxin protein prepared from Escherichia coli 0111 by the above 2 extraction procedures. At least 78% of endotoxin protein is derived from the outer membrane of the bacterial cell when extracted with aqueous n-butyl alcohol, and at least 13 outer membrane proteins were identified. Outer membrane porins, protein II*, and lipoprotein, known mitogens and polyclonal activators of lymphocytes, are present at the levels of 24%, 4%, and 1%, respectively, of the total protein. At least 95% of endotoxin protein is derived from the outer membrane when extracted with trichloroacetic acid, and at least 12 outer membrane proteins were identified. Porins, protein II*, and lipoprotein are present at the levels of 45%, 10%, and &lt;1%, respectively, of the total protein. Identification is based on i) co-migration of endotoxin proteins with outer membrane proteins during gel electrophoresis and ii) reactivity of endotoxin proteins with antibody prepared against specific outer membrane proteins. When complexed to lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane porins are partially resistant to pronase and totally resistant to trypsin, whereas protein II* and lipoprotein are sensitive to both enzymes. In addition, proteolytic degradation fragments remain associated with lipopolysaccharide after protease treatment. If some of these fragments retain biologic activity, both the known protease resistance of endotoxin protein activities and discrepancies in previously reported m.w. for the active components may be explained.
Inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase Selectively Triggers Disruption of c-Myc Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2014)

Myc is up-regulated in almost all cancer types and is the subject of intense investigation because of its pleiotropic effects controlling a broad spectrum of cell functions. However, despite its recognition as a stand-alone molecular target, development of suitable strategies to block its function is hindered because of its nonenzymatic nature. We reported earlier that arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) plays an important role in the survival and growth of prostate cancer cells, although details of the underlying mechanisms have yet to be characterized. By whole genome gene expression array, we observed that inhibition of 5-Lox severely down-regulates the expression of c-Myc oncogene in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of 5-Lox dramatically decreases the protein level, nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities of c-Myc. Both the 5-Lox inhibition-induced down-regulation of c-Myc and induction of apoptosis are mitigated when the cells are treated with 5-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, a metabolite of 5-Lox, confirming a role of 5-Lox in these processes. c-Myc is a transforming oncogene widely expressed in prostate cancer cells and maintains their transformed phenotype. Interestingly, MK591, a specific 5-Lox inhibitor, strongly affects the viability of Myc-overactivated prostate cancer cells and completely blocks their invasive and soft agar colony-forming abilities, but it spares nontransformed cells where expression of 5-Lox is undetectable. These findings indicate that the oncogenic function of c-Myc in prostate cancer cells is regulated by 5-Lox activity, revealing a novel mechanism of 5-Lox action and suggesting that the oncogenic function of c-Myc can be suppressed by suitable inhibitors of 5-Lox.
Multiport investigation of the coupling of high-impedance probes (2004)

We used an on-wafer measurement technique that combines two- and three-port frequency-domain mismatch corrections in order to characterize the influence of a high-impedance probe on a device under test. The procedure quantifies the probe's load of the circuit, and the coupling between the probe and the device.
Federated Security: Lightweight Security Infrastructure for Object Repositories and Web Services (2006)

To realize the idea of Web services as a scalable technology, enabling access to a provider's resources for a wide range of clients, requires a similar scalable security solution. Management of user accounts for all possible clients in each provider is simply unfeasible. The alternative approach to having federated identity management is currently being developed by main software vendors. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a lightweight security infrastructure, for the federated security, that enable the establishment of a trust federation between several organizations. The infrastructure consists of an augmented security layer placed on top of the Web service protocol. The solution utilizes the latest WS-security specifications and, at the infrastructure level, is compatible with Shibboleth - a federated security solution for Web resources. In order to illustrate the potential of the infrastructure, we describe it in the context of two case studies: an object repository with complex access policies and the connection with the authenticated P2P network for learning resources.
Deep learning-based speaking rate-dependent hierarchical prosodie model for Mandarin TTS (2017)

Speaking Rate-dependent Hierarchical Prosodie Model (SR-HPM) is a syllable-based statistical prosodie model and has been successfully served as a prosody generation model in a speaking rate-controlled text-to-speech system for Mandarin, and two Chinese dialects: Taiwan Min and Si-Xian Hakka. Excited by the success of utilizing deep learning (DL) techniques in parametric speech synthesis based on the HMM-based speech synthesis system, this study aims to improve the performance of the SR-HPM in prosody generation by replacing the conventional cascaded statistical sub-models with DL-based models, i.e. the DL-based SR-HPM. Each of the sub-model is first independently realized by a specially designed DL-based model based on its input-output characteristics. Then, all sub-models are cascaded and unified as one deep neural structure with their parameters being obtained by an end-to-end (linguistic feature-to-prosodic acoustic feature) optimization manner. The subjective and objective tests show that the DL-based SR-HPM performs better than the conventional statistical SR-HPM in prosody generation.
OFDM/SDM system using adaptive transmit phase control to mitigate co-channel interference (2003)

In order to realize a high data rate, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system using space division multiplexing (SDM) has been proposed. In the OFDM/SDM system, previous studies have shown that the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) has the best bit error rate (BER) performance. However, if the received powers of the desired symbols from different antennas are nearly the same and the desired symbols are received with specific phase difference, the MLE technique cannot work well, because almost the same replicas are generated. In order not to generate the same replicas in the MLE detection and to reduce the probability of MLE detection error, we propose an OFDM/SDM system with transmitting phase control. By using the computer simulation, we show that the proposed system can improve the BER performance compared with the system without phase control.
The Balanced Accuracy and Its Posterior Distribution (2010)

Evaluating the performance of a classification algorithm critically requires a measure of the degree to which unseen examples have been identified with their correct class labels. In practice, generalizability is frequently estimated by averaging the accuracies obtained on individual cross-validation folds. This procedure, however, is problematic in two ways. First, it does not allow for the derivation of meaningful confidence intervals. Second, it leads to an optimistic estimate when a biased classifier is tested on an imbalanced dataset. We show that both problems can be overcome by replacing the conventional point estimate of accuracy by an estimate of the posterior distribution of the balanced accuracy.
The Effect of Adrenalectomy on the Development of the Obese-Hyperglycemic Syndrome in OB/OB Mice1 (1973)

Journal Article The Effect of Adrenalectomy on the Development of the Obese-Hyperglycemic Syndrome in OB/OB Mice Get access JOLANE SOLOMON, JOLANE SOLOMON *Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health Boston, Massachuse Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JEAN MAYER JEAN MAYER *Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health Boston, Massachuse Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 93, Issue 2, 1 August 1973, Pages 510–513, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-93-2-510 Published: 01 August 1973 Article history Received: 29 August 1972 Published: 01 August 1973
Multiple skin testing in leprosy (1975)

Groups of patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy and hospital staff from six leprosaria in East Africa and 'non-contact' groups of villagers or staff from general hospitals have been skin tested with 10 reagents. These were prepared by ultrasonic disintegration from M. tuberculosis, M. duvalii, M. chelonei and 7 other species identified in the Ugandan environment. Comparisons were made of the percentages of positive reactors in each study group for each reagent. The 'specific' defect of lepromatous patients was found to apply to a variable extent to six of the species tested, but not to M. tuberculosis, M. avium or M. 'A'. The defect applied most noticeably to M. nonchromogenicum and M. vaccae, suggesting that they are more closely related to M. leprae than are the other species tested. The reagent Chelonin produced unexpected and anomalous results in the lepromatous group. It is suggested that this was due to an unusually slow clearing of Arthus' reaction.