gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive infrared imager with direct optical readout (2006)

We describe an uncooled IR camera that is based on a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) IR-to-visible transducer. The FPI-based IR camera converts a thermal-IR image to a video electronic image. IR radiation, emitted by an object in the scene, is imaged onto an IR-absorbing material that is located within an FPI. Spatial variations in temperature of the scene translate into corresponding temperature variations in the IR-absorbing material, forming a temperature image in the FPI. Within the FPI, the temperature variations produce variations in optical thickness for any beam of collimated visible light that is reflected from the FPI. The intensity of visible light reflected by the FPI is a function of optical thickness and thus forms an image, with thickness variations translating into intensity variations. The reflected light traverses visible optics that image the IR-absorbing material onto a visible-detector array, where the reflected light is converted into an electronic image. We will describe in detail the various sources of noise that determine the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of an FPI-based infrared camera. The dominant sources of noise are (1) shot noise in the visible-detector array and (2) temperature fluctuations (thermal noise) in the transducer. For a typical CCD array, we project a total NETD of approximately 40-50 mK for an FPI-based IR camera that is configured so that shot and thermal noise contribute approximately equally to the noise.
Current melt-wave model for transitioning solid armature (1990)

A model is developed to describe the evolution of a solid armature to the point where metallic contact with the rails is lost. The idea is that a current/melt wave begins at the rear of the armature, where current is concentrated by velocity skin effect, and propagates forward along the rail/armature interface as molten armature material is lost. When the melt wave reaches the front of the armature, the transition to plasma brush contact occurs. A calculation with the model simulating an earlier solid armature experiment at General Atomics shows close agreement with the measured transition velocity, as inferred from the increase in muzzle voltage observed during the shot.
Über α‐Aminosäuren, I: Eine einfache Synthese für β‐Hydroxy‐α‐aminosäuren (1965)

Abstract Aus 1‐Alkoxy‐1.2‐diacetoxy‐alkanen bzw. 1.1.2‐Triacetoxy‐äthan („Glykolaldehydtriacetat”︁) wurden ohne vorherige saure Hydrolyse nach den Methoden der S TRECKER ‐Synthese die β‐Hydroxy‐α‐aminosäuren in sehr guten Ausbeuten dargestellt. — Bei Verwendung von Aminen an Stelle von Ammoniak wurden N ‐alkylierte Serine erhalten.
C5b-9 assembly: average binding of one C9 molecule to C5b-8 without poly-C9 formation generates a stable transmembrane pore. (1986)

Membrane attack by serum complement normally results in the formation of C5b-9 complexes that are heterogeneous with respect to their C9 content. We here report that an apparently homogeneous population of C5b-9 complexes can be generated through treatment of C5b-7-laden sheep erythrocytes with C8 and C9 for 60 min at 0 degree C. Experiments performed by using radioiodinated C8 and C9 components have indicated that binding of C8 to these target cells is essentially temperature independent. In contrast, when a surplus of C9 molecules is offered to C5b-8 cells, an approximately fourfold to 4.5-fold higher number of C9 molecules become cell bound at 37 degrees C as opposed to 0 degree C. C5b-9 complexes isolated from target membranes treated with C9 at 0 degree C contain no polymerized C9 and do not exhibit the ring structure characteristic of the classical complement lesion. Nevertheless, these complexes generate stable transmembrane channels and cause hemolysis at 37 degrees C. The pores have been sized to 1 to 3 nm effective diameter by osmotic protection experiments. SDS-PAGE of the isolated complexes indicates an average stoichiometry of only one molecule C9 bound per C5b-8 complex. The results show that oligomerization of C9 with formation of ring lesions is not a basic requirement for the generation of stable transmembrane complement pores in sheep erythrocytes. They indirectly support the contention that terminal complement components other than C9 contribute to the intramembrane domains of C5b-9 pores.
Frequency shifts due to Stark effects on a rubidium two-photon transition (2019)

The $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb is of interest for the development of a compact optical atomic clock. Here we present a rigorous calculation of the 778.1-nm ac Stark shift $[2.30(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{(\mathrm{mW}/{\mathrm{mm}}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}]$ that is in good agreement with our measured value of $2.5(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{(\mathrm{mW}/{\mathrm{mm}}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We include a calculation of the temperature-dependent blackbody radiation (BBR) shift, and we predict that the clock could be operated either with zero net BBR shift $[T=495.9(27)$ K] or with zero first-order sensitivity $[T=368.1(14)$ K]. Also described is the calculation of the dc Stark shift of $5.5(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}/(\mathrm{V}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) as well as clock sensitivities to optical alignment variations in both a cat's eye and a flat mirror retroreflector. Finally, we characterize these Stark effects, discussing mitigation techniques necessary to reduce final clock instabilities.
Concurrent Right and left Ear Auditory Brain Stem Response Recording (1993)

In auditory brain stem response testing, it is often advantageous to record the responses to right and left ear stimulation quickly. A method is described in which both ears are tested concurrently, each ear at a slightly different stimulus rate. With appropriate temporal parameters, the response of each ear can be recorded without contamination by the contralateral ear's response. When both ears were tested at the same intensity, either 40 or 70 dB nHL, there was little attenuation of wave V. When one ear was stimulated at 80 dB nHL, the response of the other ear at intensities down to 40 dB was not seriously affected; the response at 20 dB nHL was, however, so diminished by contralateral stimulation at 80 dB that binaural testing would save no time. This method has promise for intraoperative monitoring and infant screening, and could be used in threshold determination if the stimulus intensities for the two ears are not too dissimilar.
Pathoadaptive Mutations That Enhance Virulence: Genetic Organization of the <i>cadA</i> Regions of <i>Shigella</i> spp (2001)

Pathoadaptive mutations improve the fitness of pathogenic species by modification of traits that interfere with factors (virulence and ancestral) required for survival in host tissues. A demonstrated pathoadaptive mutation is the loss of lysine decarboxylase (LDC) expression in Shigella species that have evolved from LDC-expressing Escherichia coli. Previous studies demonstrated that the product of LDC activity, cadaverine, blocks the action of Shigella enterotoxins and that the gene encoding LDC, cadA, was abolished by large chromosomal deletions in each Shigella species. To better understand the nature and evolution of these pathoadaptive mutations, remnants of the cad region were sequenced from the four Shigella species. These analyses reveal novel gene arrangements in this region of the pathogens' chromosomes. Insertion sequences, a phage genome, and/or loci from different positions on the ancestral E. coli chromosome displaced the cadA locus to form distinct genetic linkages that are unique to each Shigella species. Hybridization studies, using an E. coli K-12 microarray, indicated that the genes displaced to form the novel linkages still remain in the Shigella genomes. None of these novel gene arrangements were observed in representatives of all E. coli phylogenies. Collectively, these observations indicate that inactivation of the cadA antivirulence gene occurred independently in each Shigella species. The convergent evolution of these pathoadaptive mutations demonstrates that, following evolution from commensal E. coli, strong pressures in host tissues selected Shigella clones with increased fitness and virulence through the loss of an ancestral trait (LDC). These observations strongly support the role of pathoadaptive mutation as an important pathway in the evolution of pathogenic organisms.
An algebraic theory for modeling direct interconnection networks (1992)

The authors present an algebraic theory based on tensor products for modeling direct interconnection networks. This theory has been used for designing and implementing block recursive numerical algorithms on shared-memory vector multiprocessors. This theory can be used for mapping algorithms expressed in tensor product form onto distributed-memory architectures. The authors focus on the modeling of direct interconnection networks. Rings, n-dimensional meshes, and hypercubes are represented in tensor product form. Algorithm mapping using tensor product formulation is demonstrated by mapping matrix transposition and matrix multiplication onto different networks. >
Binary confidence evaluation for a stereo vision based depth field processor SoC (2011)

This paper presents a methodology to construct a binary confidence value for every pixel of a depth map. We start by constructing 72 different confidence metrics, including the traditional ones and new metrics based on neighborhood information. Construction of the binary confidence value from these metrics is hence viewed as a two-class classification problem where we evaluated three different classifiers, with increasing complexity. Only metrics and classifiers that are suitable for VLSI hardware implementation will be evaluated. Evaluation of the constructed classifiers is performed on an indoor dataset of Stereo Images.
How Did We Get Here? Looking to History to Understand Conflicts in Public Land Governance Today (2002)

In recent years, proposals for collaborative processes that would shift the management of public land resources and activities away from federal land managers to local entities have sparked heated debate among Western communities, environmental groups, and members of the public.There are no neutral views on this subject.Professor George Coggins calls collaborative processes and devolution to local control "forms of abdication," 2 and "the latest ideological fad in federal land management." 3 He denounces the theory that "a self-selected group of local people who promise to be civil with one another can do a better job of allocating federal natural resources than the duly constituted federal authorities." 4Coggins emphasizes that national lands are not private lands, but rather every American's natural heritage.Local people, he says, cannot and will not make decisions in the national interest. 5 In contrast are scholars like Daniel Kemmis, who describe the collaboration movement as an indigenous form of Western problem solving, 6 ... a democratic phenomenon through which Westerners have begun to translate their land-rootedness into direct and effective control over their home ground.This movement is bringing together in a most unexpected way the Western love of powerful landscapes with the old Western strain of independence and rugged self-determination.'Kemmis notes the widespread view that the system of governing the public lands is dysfunctional or broken, in large measure because govern-1.
Prostaglandins, Prostacyclin, and Thromboxanes (1981)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
A New Molecule to Brighten the Mood (2006)

Depression has long been linked to a defect in signals elicited by the neurotransmitter serotonin. This may be due to a deficit of a key protein in the brain that makes receptors for serotonin available for action.
Highly efficient organic photovoltaic devices utilizing work-function tuned graphene oxide derivatives as the anode and cathode charge extraction layers (2015)

Utilization of work-function (WF) tuned graphene oxide derivatives as cathode and anode buffer layers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is demonstrated.
Guidance and Control of Airplanes Under Actuator Failures and Severe Structural Damage (2013)

This paper presents control algorithms for guidance and control of airplanes under actuator failures and severe structural damage. The presented control and guidance algorithms are validated through experimentation on the Georgia Institute of Technology Twinstar twin engine, fixed-wing, unmanned aerial system. Damage scenarios executed include sudden loss of all aerodynamic actuators resulting in propulsion-only flight, 25% of the left wing missing, sudden loss of 50% of the right wing and aileron in-flight, and injected actuator time delay. A state-dependent guidance logic is described that ensures the aircraft tracks feasible commands in the presence of faults. The commands are used by an outer-loop linear controller to generate feasible attitude commands. The inner-loop attitude control can be achieved by using either a linear attitude controller or a neural network-based model reference adaptive controller. The results indicate the possibility of using control methods to ensure safe autonomous flight of transport aircraft through validation on a scaled model that has characteristics of a typical transport category aircraft.
Human tracking by mode seeking (2005)

Change detection by background subtraction is a common approach to detect moving foreground. The resulting difference image is usually thresholded to obtain objects based on pixel connectedness and resulting blob objects are subsequently tracked. This paper proposes a detection approach not requiring the binarization of the difference image. Local density maxima in the difference image - usually representing moving objects - are outlined by a fast non-parametric mean shift clustering procedure. Object tracking is carried out by updating and propagating cluster parameters over time using the mode seeking property of the mean shift procedure. For occluding targets, a fast procedure determining the object configuration maximizing image likelihood is presented. Detection and tracking results are demonstrated for a crowded scene and evaluation of the proposed tracking framework is presented.
Disparate effects of Ca channel blockade on afferent and efferent arteriolar responses to ANG II (1989)

Previous reports have suggested that organic calcium antagonists only partially inhibit the renal hemodynamic actions of angiotensin II (ANG II). This study tested the hypothesis that the calcium antagonist-sensitive component of ANG II-induced vasoconstriction is localized at a preglomerular site. Videomicroscopic measurements of vascular dimension were performed on in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephrons from captopril-treated rats. Under control conditions, afferent and efferent arteriolar diameters averaged 23.0 +/- 1.6 and 21.2 +/- 2.2 microns, respectively. Topical application of 0.1 nM ANG II decreased the diameters of afferent (-17 +/- 2%) and efferent (-15 +/- 3%) arterioles. Both 50 microM verapamil and 10 microM diltiazem dilated afferent arterioles. Verapamil also elicited a modest efferent vasodilation. In the presence of either verapamil or diltiazem, the effect of ANG II to decrease efferent diameter was sustained (-15 +/- 4%); however, the effect of ANG II on afferent diameter was abolished (-1 +/- 1%). These observations document differential influences of calcium channel blockers on ANG II-mediated vasoconstriction and suggest that the pre- and postglomerular vasoconstrictor actions of ANG II may occur through different calcium entry or mobilization mechanisms.
Technique for Removing Metal Contaminants from Catalysts (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTechnique for Removing Metal Contaminants from CatalystsHarold Beuther and R. A. FlinnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1963, 2, 1, 53–57Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360005a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i360005a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
SELECTIVE CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY BY THE PERCUTANEOUS FEMORAL ARTERY APPROACH (1969)

SELECTIVE CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY BY THE PERCUTANEOUS FEMORAL ARTERY APPROACHMARTIAL G. BOURASSA, M.D., JACQUES LESPÉRANCE, M.D. and LUCIEN CAMPEAU, M.D.Audio Available | Share
Hybrid stereo camera (2001)

This paper introduces a novel application of IBR technology for efficient rendering of high quality CG and live action stereoscopic sequences. Traditionally, IBR has been applied to render novel views using image and depth based representations of the plenoptic functions. In this work, we present a restricted form of IBR in which lower resolution images for the views to be generated at a very high resolution are assumed to be available. Specifically, the paper addresses the problem of synthesizing stereo IMAX(R)1 3D motion picture images at a standard resolution of 4-6K. At such high resolutions, producing CG content is extremely time consuming and capturing live action requires bulky cameras. We propose a Hybrid Stereo Camera concept in which one view is rendered at the target high resolution but the other is rendered at a much lower resolution. Methods for synthesizing the second view sequence at the target resolution using image analysis and IBR techniques are the focus of this work. The high quality results from the techniques presented in this paper have been visually evaluated in the IMAX 3D large screen projection environment. The paper also highlights generalizations and extensions of the hybrid stereo camera concept.
Redesigning metabolism based on orthogonality principles (2017)

Modifications made during metabolic engineering for overproduction of chemicals have network-wide effects on cellular function due to ubiquitous metabolic interactions. These interactions, that make metabolic network structures robust and optimized for cell growth, act to constrain the capability of the cell factory. To overcome these challenges, we explore the idea of an orthogonal network structure that is designed to operate with minimal interaction between chemical production pathways and the components of the network that produce biomass. We show that this orthogonal pathway design approach has significant advantages over contemporary growth-coupled approaches using a case study on succinate production. We find that natural pathways, fundamentally linked to biomass synthesis, are less orthogonal in comparison to synthetic pathways. We suggest that the use of such orthogonal pathways can be highly amenable for dynamic control of metabolism and have other implications for metabolic engineering.
Gamma-Ray Imaging Using a Fresnel Zone Plate Aperture, Multiwire Proportional Chamber Detecior, and Computer Reconsteuction (1974)

The use of the multiwire proportional chamber in a Fresnel zone plate coded aperture gamma-ray imaging system is described. Image reconstruction is by computer using the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Criteria for design parameters of the imaging system are established. A calculation of the signal/noise ratio of images reconstructed from computer-generated on-axis zone plate holograms gives values, for larger numbers of gamma-ray events, which are somewhat smaller than theoretical values based on a shot-noise formula. The use of a positive and a negative zone plate combination is shown to eliminate the large background usually associated with on-axis zone plate imaging.
Joint Graph Decomposition and Node Labeling: Problem, Algorithms, Applications (2016)

We state a combinatorial optimization problem whose feasible solutions define both a decomposition and a node labeling of a given graph. This problem offers a common mathematical abstraction of seemingly unrelated computer vision tasks, including instance-separating semantic segmentation, articulated human body pose estimation and multiple object tracking. Conceptually, the problem we state generalizes the unconstrained integer quadratic program and the minimum cost lifted multicut problem, both of which are NP-hard. In order to find feasible solutions efficiently, we define two local search algorithms that converge monotonously to a local optimum, offering a feasible solution at any time. To demonstrate their effectiveness in tackling computer vision tasks, we apply these algorithms to instances of the problem that we construct from published data, using published algorithms. We report state-of-the-art application-specific accuracy for the three above-mentioned applications.
Application of Wireless Communication Tools in Managing Construction Projects (2013)

Different organizations utilize Wireless Communication technology such as social media to transfer information for many different purposes and most especially to add value to their business. Some of these communication media are mostly used currently for marketing purposes and getting for company"s name out through advertising via social networking sites such as Face Book and MySpace Whistle others use social media like Twitter to engage with a large audience of "followers" who willing to read brief messages sent which often include link to more depth article or advertising campaign. The aim of the research project is to develop a methodological wireless communication framework that can be used in construction operations. A combination of case study, structured interview and questionnaire were used to gather data. The questionnaire was administrated randomly to ten small and medium sized construction firms and one main contractor all working on the on-going large construction project. The result of this result showed that this form of communication technology would enhance better communication within the construction organization supply chain by allowing team members and members of the public to the construction process and to the construction operations. This medium form of communication is rich in information and may influence how construction on site is carried out..