gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why plants grow poorly on very acid soils: are ecologists missing the obvious? (2001)

Factors associated with soil acidity are considered to be limiting for plants in many parts of the world. This work was undertaken to investigate the role of the toxicity of hydrogen (H(+)) which seems to have been underconsidered by ecologists as an explanation of the reduced plant growth observed in very acid soils. Racial differences are reported in plant growth response to increasing acidity in the grass Holcus lanatus L. (Yorkshire-fog) and the tree Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch). Soils and seeds were collected from four Scottish sites which covered a range of soils from acid (organic and mineral) to more base-rich. The sites and their pH (1:2.5 fresh soil:0.01 M CaCl(2)) were: Flanders Moss (FM), pH 3.2+/-0.03; Kippenrait Glen (KP), pH 4.8+/- 0.05; Kinloch Rannoch (KR), pH 6.1+/-0.16; and Sheriffmuir (SMM), pH 4.3+/-0.11. The growth rates of two races of H. lanatus, FM and KP, and three races of B. pendula (SMM, KP and KR) were measured in nutrient solution cultures at pH 2.0 (H. lanatus only), 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 5.6. Results showed races from acid organic soils (FM) were H(+)-tolerant while those from acid mineral soils (SMM) were Al(3+)-tolerant but not necessarily H(+)-tolerant. These results confirmed that populations were separately adapted to H(+) or Al(3+) toxicity and this was dependent upon the soil characteristics at their site of collection. The fact of plant adaptation to H(+) toxicity supports the view that this is an important factor in very acid soils.
Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis in the People's Republic of China: (1987)

No abstract available for this article.
Editorial (1975)

The third issue in 1975 of the Canadian Journal of Higher Education appears late, because of the extended postal strike which took place in Canada in the latter months of 1975.This issue is, in general, concerned with the topic of accessibility to higher education in Canada.Its contents also relate more especially to the discussions of the 1975 annual Conference of the Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education.This Conference centered around reports on the future of Canadian post-secondary education published on the initiative of four provincial Governments in Canada in the course of the past four years.It is probably a fair summary of these reports to say that the main theme of each concerned the accessibility of Canadians to post-secondary education.Our readers will see that this issue of the Journal contains two general accounts of this Conference, written from two somewhat different perspectives, and also the text of a paper delivered during the Conference.It is not usual for the Journal to summarize proceedings of conferences.However, on this occasion we considered that the importance of the topic warranted this form of treatment.I believe that our readers will agree.
Synthese von Pyrimidinen aus Malondiimidsäureestern (1968)

Abstract Malondiimidsäureester und Dithiomalondiimidsäureester ( 2 , 3 ) eignen sich als Ausgangsstoffe für eine einfache Pyrimidinsynthese. Mit Carbonsäurechloriden erhält man aus ihnen 2‐substituierte 4.6‐Bis‐alkoxy‐ bzw. 4.6‐Bis‐alkylmercapto‐pyrimidine ( 4 , bzw. 5 ).
Correlation between the diffusive and electrical barrier properties of the interface in polysilicon contacted n<sup>+</sup>-p junctions (1985)

The diffusion of As from polysilicon into boron-implanted single-crystal silicon through different interfaces obtained with different surface preparation techniques prior to polysilicon deposition is studied. The impurity profiles have been analyzed by SIMS and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> measurements and ESCA has been used to determine the structural properties of the interface. Electrical measurements on diodes have been performed to study the diode characteristics and the electrical interface resistance. The diffusion through chemically grown oxide layers is found to be strongly retarded with respect to "oxygen-free" interfaces. A strong correlation appears to exist between the diffusive and electrical barrier properties of such interfaces. For increasing oxygen content at the interface, the minimum diffusion cycle required to obtain good diode ideality factors is higher as is the electrical interface resistance. We have observed an order of magnitude increase in the contact resistance for annealing temperatures between 800° and 900°C. One of the major conclusions is that the necessity to go to higher temperatures to decrease the series resistance of the polysilicon contacts in the case of chemically grown interface oxides is compromising their use in high-performance VLSI technologies.
Multiple object identification with passive RFID tags (2003)

We investigate the applicability of passive RFID systems to the task of identifying multiple tagged objects simultaneously, assuming that the number of tags is not known in advance. We present a combinatorial model of the communication mechanism between the reader device and the tags, and use this model to derive the optimal parameter setting for the reading process, based on estimates for the number of tags. Some results on the performance of an implementation are presented.
Turbo detection and decoding for single-carrier block transmission systems (2005)

We study the low complexity turbo detector for cyclic prefix based single-carrier block transmission (CP-SCBT) systems with multiple receive antennas. It has the following characteristics: firstly, it can be implemented by FFT/IFFT with low complexity; secondly, along with SISO decoder, turbo detection can be applied. Simulation results show that the iterative receiver provides much better performance than the conventional CP-SCBT system. It also outperforms its coded OFDM counterpart. The most attractive advantage is that it can be implemented by FFT/IFFT without significantly increasing the complexity of the system.
Colocalization of Tenascin and Sympathetic Nerves in a Canine Model of Nerve Sprouting and Sudden Cardiac Death (2000)

There is a colocalization of TnX, GAP-43, and TH in sprouted cardiac nerves. These results suggest that TnX is important not only in the existing normal myocardial nerve cells but also in cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting after MI.
The Alcohol-altered Liver Membrane Antibody and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease (1993)

Progression of alcoholic liver disease is closely related to drinking habits. However, prognosis of alcoholic liver disease is not determined just by drinking habits, but also by other factors. In this study, the roles of alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody and hepatitis C virus infection were analyzed in alcoholic patients who were followed up for various lengths of time. Serial changes of liver histological appearance were analyzed in 39 patients with alcoholic liver disease who were followed for long periods (49.7 +/- 34.3 mo) and who underwent liver biopsy at least two times. Prognoses of 35 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were followed for more than 1 yr were also evaluated. Development of cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher in the alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-positive patients than in the patients negative for this antibody. On the other hand, hepatitis C virus markers were not related to development of cirrhosis. However, hepatocellular carcinoma developed more frequently in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients. In patients with cirrhosis, the cumulative rates of hepatocellular carcinoma development were significantly higher in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients than in the marker-negative patients. Cumulative survival rates in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients were significantly lower than rates in the hepatitis C virus marker-negative patients, even in noncancer patients. However, such differences were not observed in the alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-positive and alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-negative cirrhotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
General Synthesis of Hybrid TiO<sub>2</sub> Mesoporous “French Fries” Toward Improved Photocatalytic Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into Hydrocarbon Fuel: A Case of TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO (2011)

From fries to fuel! Reduction of CO2 from a waste combustion product into a hydrocarbon fuel using solar energy is one of the best strategies to manage global warming and energy shortage. Homogeneously hybrid TiO2/ZnO mesoporous “french fries” (MFFs) were synthesized by a facile furfural alcohol-derived polymerization–oxidation route (see scheme). The unusual hybrid mesoporous structure of the TiO2/ZnO MFFs enhances the photocatalytic activity toward conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel (CH4) in the presence of water vapor. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prostaglandin E2 Receptor Antagonist (SC-19220) Treatment Restores the Balance to Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis after Burn Sepsis (2000)

These data indicate that abrogating PGE2's actions during burn sepsis can restore the balance in bone marrow granulocyte and monocyte production, further consolidating the pivotal role PGE2 plays in the pathogenesis of burn sepsis.
Functionalized Heteroarylpyridazines and Pyridazin-3(2<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Methodology (2008)

A general method for the synthesis of functionalized pyridazinylboronic acids/esters is described involving a directed ortho metalation (DoM)--boronation protocol (Schemes 1 and 2). A comprehensive study of the reactivity of the C-B bond in palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings with aryl/heteroaryl halides is presented. Aryl-/heteroarylpyridazines are thereby obtained in synthetically viable yields (typically 40-75%) although in some cases competing protodeboronation has been observed. A series of pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives, including 4,6-diaryl/heteroaryl derivatives, have been obtained from the corresponding 3-methoxypyridazines in straightforward procedures (Schemes 3 and 4). Several X-ray crystal structures of aryl-/heteroarylpyridazines and derived pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives are reported. These multi-ring systems are of considerable interest in contemporary N-heterocyclic chemistry.
The Trade Litigant's Gauntlet: The Hanging Judge and the Teflon Tribunal (2011)

The two U.S. agencies charged with conducting antidumping investigations may justifiably be labeled a "hanging judge" and a "Teflon tribunal." The Department of Commerce (DOC) investigates whether foreign firms have engaged in "dumping" exports to the United States. Since assuming responsibility for dumping investigations in 1980, the DOC has found that over 90% of the firms it investigated were "guilty." Such one-sided results subject far too many foreign firms to antidumping duty orders - which impair their ability to sell to the U.S. market - and send the wrong message to the United States' trading partners. Because the U.S. antidumping statute itself prescribes some of the key rules that inflate dumping margins, the DOC will remain a "hanging judge" unless the statute is amended. The International Trade Commission (ITC) investigates whether the U.S. industry was injured by the allegedly dumped imports. The "Teflon tribunal" label, however, arises not from the ITC's conduct during the investigation but from its conduct upon remand from a court. In most instances of remand, the court instructs the agency to reconsider the injury analysis anew - without predisposition to the previous decision. Yet, the ITC has never reversed a previous injury decision based on a genuine reconsideration of the merits. Instead, benefiting from an extensive factual record and the courts' deferential standard of review, it appears that the ITC conducts a results-driven process on remand. Greater scrutiny from the courts and parties is needed to check the ITC's behavior as a Teflon tribunal on remand.
Nondispersive and Dispersive Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry of Arsenic by Utilizing the Arsine-generation Technique (1978)

Abstract Atomic fluorescence spectrometry with nondispersive and dispersive systems by utilizing the arsine-generation technique is described for the determination of arsenic at the nanogram level, where the premixed argon(entrained air)- and nitrogen (entrained air)-hydrogen flames and a microwave-excited electrodeless discharge lamp were used. For the low-temperature flames, a newly designed burner has been constructed. The best detection limits obtained for arsenic are 2.3 ng in mass and 0.12 ppb in concentration with a nondispersive system in argon(entrained air)-hydrogen flame. Linear analytical working curves covering the mass range of arsenic from 30 ng to around 1000 ng have been obtained with nondispersive and dispersive systems at 193.7 and 197.2 nm in both the hydrogen flames. Several elements including other hydride-forming elements, such as antimony, bismuth, selenium, and tellurium, have caused a decrease in fluorescence signals. The present method, with the most sensitive nondispersive system and argon (entrained air)-hydrogen flame, can be applied to the determination of trace amounts of arsenic in wastewaters.
Handbook of food powders (2013)

Many food ingredients are supplied in powdered form, as reducing water content increases shelf life and aids ease of storage, handling and transport. Powder technology is therefore of great importance to the food industry. The Handbook of food powders explores a variety of processes that are involved in the production of food powders, the further processing of these powders and their functional properties. Part one introduces processing and handling technologies for food powders and includes chapters on spray, freeze and drum drying, powder mixing in the production of food powders and safety issues around food powder production processes. Part two focusses on powder properties including surface composition, rehydration and techniques to analyse the particle size of food powders. Finally, part three highlights speciality food powders and includes chapters on dairy powders, fruit and vegetable powders and coating foods with powders. The Handbook of food powders is a standard reference for professionals in the food powder production and handling industries, development and quality control professionals in the food industry using powders in foods, and researchers, scientists and academics interested in the field. Explores the processing and handling technologies in the production of food powders. Examines powder properties, including surface composition, shelf life, and techniques used to examine particle size. Focusses on speciality powders such as dairy, infant formulas, powdered egg, fruit and vegetable, and culinary and speciality products.
A New Transonic Wind Tunnel for Australia (1989)

A new transonic wind tunnel planned for the Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Melbourne, is described. The tunnel, which has an estimated cost of $38M, is primarily intended to support the operation of Australian Defence Force equipment, but it will also have the capability to meet broader national requirements. The design development phase of the project was completed in June 1989 and endorsement will be sought from the Parliamentary Works Committee in due course. The timing of construction will depend on relative priorities of defence facilities. Present indications are that the tunnel should be operational by the late 1990's.
Analysis of interconnect crosstalk defect coverage of test sets (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of test sets to detect crosstalk defects in interconnects of deep sub-micron circuits. The fast and accurate estimation technique will enable: (a) evaluation of different existing tests, like functional, scan, logic BIST, and delay tests, for effective testing of crosstalk defects in interconnects, and (b) development of crosstalk tests if the existing tests are not sufficient, thereby minimizing the cost of interconnect testing. Based on a covering relationship we establish between transition tests in detecting crosstalk defects, we develop an abstract crosstalk fault model for circuit interconnects. Based on this fault model, and the covering relationship, we develop a fast and efficient method to estimate the fault coverage of any general test set. We also develop a simulation-based technique to calculate the probability of occurrence of the defects corresponding to each fault, which enables the fault coverage analysis technique to produce accurate estimates of the actual crosstalk defect coverage of a given test set. The crosstalk test and fault properties, as well as the accuracy of the proposed crosstalk coverage analysis techniques, have been validated through extensive simulation experiments. The experiments also demonstrate that the proposed crosstalk techniques are orders of magnitude faster than the alternative method of SPICE-level simulation. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed fault coverage analysis technique by using it to evaluate the crosstalk fault coverage of logic BIST tests for the buses in a DSP core.
Clouds and rain effects on perturbed water surface microwave reflection and emission at 37 GHz (2010)

In this paper the structure and operational features of Ka-band, combined scatterometric-radiometric system and the results of spatio-temporally collocated measurements of perturbed pool water surface microwave reflective (radar backscattering coefficient) and emissive (brightness temperature) characteristics angular dependences at ~37GHz are presented, curried out under clear air, heavy clouds and rain conditions.
<i>Wolbachia</i> Establishment and Invasion in an <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Laboratory Population (2005)

A proposed strategy to aid in controlling the growing burden of vector-borne disease is population replacement, in which a natural vector population is replaced by a population with a reduced capacity for disease transmission. An important component of such a strategy is the drive system, which serves to spread a desired genotype into the targeted field population. Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria are potential transgene drivers, but infections do not naturally occur in some important mosquito vectors, notably Aedes aegypti. In this work, stable infections of wAlbB Wolbachia were established in A. aegypti and caused high rates of cytoplasmic incompatibility (that is, elimination of egg hatch). Laboratory cage tests demonstrated the ability of wAlbB to spread into an A. aegypti population after seeding of an uninfected population with infected females, reaching infection fixation within seven generations.
Structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> After Freeze-Etching (1970)

Survival of Escherichia coli, quick-frozen under conditions similar to those employed for freeze-etching, is close to 100%. For determination of cell shrinkage, the diameters of freeze-etched E. coli cells (average, 0.99 mum) were compared with those of preparations after negative staining and after ultrathin sectioning. Negatively stained cells measured from 0.65 to 1.0 mum in diameter, and ultrathin sections showed average cell diameters of 0.70 mum. Freeze-etched replicas of logarithmically growing, as well as stationary, E. coli B cells revealed a smooth, finely pitted cell surface in contrast to cell surfaces seen with other preparative methods. The frozen cell wall may cleave in two planes, exposing (i) a smooth fracture face within the lipid layer and (ii) in rare instances an ill-defined particulate layer. Most frequently, however, cleavage of the envelope occurred between wall and protoplasmic membrane; large areas of the membrane were then exposed and showed a surface studded with predominantly spherical particles, an appearance which did not significantly change when the cells were fixed in formaldehyde and osmium tetroxide before freeze-etching. The distribution of these particles differed between logarithmically growing cells and stationary cells.
Gold Nanoparticles Induce Surface Morphological Transformation in Polyurethane and Affect the Cellular Response (2007)

Nanocomposites from a hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-based polyester-type waterborne polyurethane (PU) containing different amounts (17.4-174 ppm) of gold (Au) nanoparticles (approximately 5 nm) were prepared. The microstructure and physiochemical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized. The cell attachment and proliferation, platelet activation, and bacterial adhesion on the nanocomposites were evaluated. Gold nanoparticles in small amounts induced significant changes in surface morphology and domain structures, from hard segment lamellae to soft segment micelles. These changes resembled the morphological transformation among different mesophases occurred in diblock copolymers. Better cellular proliferation, lower platelet activation, and reduced bacterial adhesion were demonstrated for the PU nanocomposite with 43.5 or 65 ppm of Au than the pure PU or the nanocomposite containing a different amount of Au. The different cellular response on PU-Au nanocomposites was attributed to the extensively modified surface morphology and phase separation in the presence of a small amount of Au nanoparticles.
Electrodeposition of Ni/SiC Composites by Pulse Electrolysis (2002)

SUMMARYNickel matrix composite coatings containing micron- and nano-sized SiC particles were prepared in order to study the interdependence of the SiC particles embedding and the deposits ‘mechanical behaviour. SiC particles of two different sizes, namely 1 μm and 20 nm, were codeposited with nickel from Watts solutions under pulse current conditions. It has been observed that the embedding of SiC particles in the nickel matrix and the pulse current application result in deposits with more uniform particle distribution and better surface morphology than those obtained under direct current conditions. The study of the composite deposits revealed that the microhardness is not only increased by the presence and the reduced size of the particles, but also influenced by the current conditions, i.e. duty cycle and pulse frequency. Moreover, microhardness of the deposits can be further ameliorated by specific thermal treatment.
Evaluation of High-power Light Emitting Diode Curing Light on Sealant Polymerization (2019)

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