gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-color excitation system for fluorescence detection in DNA sequencing by capillary array electrophoresis (2002)

Two computer-controlled galvanometer scanners are adapted for two-dimensional step scanning across a 96-capillary array for laser-induced fluorescence detection. 488 nm and 514 nm laser lines from the same Ar(+) laser were alternately coupled for two-color excitation in each capillary. The signal at a single photomultiplier tube is temporally sorted to distinguish among the capillaries and the excitation wavelengths. Based on the differences in absorption spectra for the dyes, the peak-height ratios in the 488 nm and 514 nm excitation electropherograms were used for peak identification for multiplexed capillary electrophoresis. Successful base calling for 24-capillary DNA sequencing was achieved to 450 bp with 99% accuracy. Advantages include the efficient utilization of light due to the high duty-cycle of step scan, good detection performance due to the reduction of stray light, ruggedness due to the small mass of the galvanometer mirror, low cost due to the simplicity of components and flexibility due to the independent paths for excitation and emission.
Analgesia from Electrical Stimulation in the Brainstem of the Rat (1971)

Stimulation at several mesencephalic and diencephalic sites abolished responsiveness to intense pain in rats while leaving responsiveness to other sensory modes relatively unaffected. The peripheral field of analgesia was usually restricted to one-half or to one quadrant of the body, and painful stimuli applied outside this field elicited a normal reaction. Analgesia outlasted stimulation by up to 5 minutes. Most electrode placements that produced analgesia also supported self-stimulation. One placement supported self-stimulation only in the presence of pain.
Evaluation of dose coverage to target volume and normal tissue sparing in the adjuvant radiotherapy of gastric cancers: 3D-CRT compared with dynamic IMRT (2010)

This study showed that a better target coverage and significant dose reduction to OARs could be achieved with the IMRT plans. The IMRT can be preferred with caution for organ motion. The authors are currently studying organ motion in the upper abdomen to use IMRT for patient treatment.
Juvenile papillomatosis (Swiss cheese disease) of the breast (1980)

Thirty-seven cases of juvenile papillomatosis of the breast were reviewed. The average age was 19 years (range 10-44 years). On examination the patients usually had a localized, multinodular mass that was interpreted as a fibroadenoma. Microscopically, typical lesions featured papillomatosis, sometimes with severe atypia, cysts with or without apocrine metaplasia, duct stasis, and sclerosing adenosis. In one case the breast with papillomatosis adenosis. In one case the breast with papillomatosis has remained free of carcinoma, but at the time of biopsy the patient had secretory carcinoma of the other breast. Papillomatous changes were not observed in the breast with carcinoma. Another woman had lobular carcinoma in situ coexisting with juvenile papillomatosis. After an average follow-up of 8 years, no subsequent carcinoma has been found. Thus, there appears to be little risk for early onset of carcinoma, but without additional follow-up the long-term assessment of this disorder remains uncertain. We recommend that a patient with juvenile papillomatosis have a thorough clinical examination of the breasts at least once a year.
Low and high molecular weight poly(<scp>l</scp>‐lysine)s/poly(<scp>l</scp>‐lysine)–DNA complexes initiate mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis differently (2005)

Poly(L-lysine)s, PLLs, are commonly used for DNA compaction and cell transfection. We report that, although PLLs of low (2.9 kDa), L-PLL, and high (27.4 kDa), H-PLL, Mw in free form and DNA-complexed cannot only cause rapid plasma membrane damage in human cell lines, phosphatidylserine "scrambling" and loss of membrane integrity, but later (24 h) initiate stress-induced cell death via mitochondrial permeabilization without the involvement of processed caspase-2. Mitochondrially mediated apoptosis was confirmed by detection of cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, activation of caspases-9 and -3, and subsequent changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Plasma membrane damage and apoptosis were most prominent with H-PLL. Cytoplasmic level of Cyt c was more elevated following H-PLL treatment, but unlike L-PLL case, inhibition of Bax channel-forming activity reduced the extent of Cyt c release from mitochondria by half. Inhibition of Bax channel-forming activity had no modulatory effect on L-PLL-mediated Cyt c release. Further, functional studies of isolated mitochondria indicate that H-PLL, but not L-PLL, can directly induce Cyt c release, membrane depolarization, and a progressive decline in the rate of uncoupled respiration. Combined, our data suggest that H-PLL and L-PLL are capable of initiating mitochondrially mediated apoptosis differently. The observed PLL-mediated late-phase apoptosis may provide an explanation for previously reported transient gene expression associated with PLL-based transfection vectors. The importance of our data in relation to design of novel and safer cationic non-viral vectors for human gene therapy is discussed.
Insulin Sensitivity and Its Measurement: Structural Commonalities among the Methods<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Insulin is the principal hormone of metabolic regulation. Reduced responses to insulin constitute an underlying feature of type 2 diabetes. It is, therefore, incumbent on those who work in this area (as well as many others) to characterize this response, in as simple and consistent a way as possible, so that this measure can be used both in the investigational and clinical setting. This type of approach, although eminently useful, is necessarily an oversimplification. Not only does insulin sensitivity change in pathological situations, but also in normal physiology. Tissue-specific, metabolite-specific, as well as process-specific responses may be expected to occur. Variations also occur in time-depending on the physiological state of the individual (e.g. pregnancy, aging) or following diurnal rhythms. It is perhaps remarkable that any consistent assessment of overall insulin sensitivity can be made. The observation that this can often be achieved has led to hypotheses suggesting that sensitivity to insulin is primarily determined at a single site (tissue, metabolite). At the same time, there are many discussions about the inconsistencies inherent in different approaches to the measurement of this parameter, suggesting that some of these variants, metabolic or otherwise, could lead to the low correlation between methods sometimes seen. Nevertheless, most methods used in the assessment of insulin sensitivity examine the response to insulin of a single metabolite, glucose, primarily in the muscle and liver, and under fasting conditions and should, therefore, demonstrate insulin sensitivity that is comparable among methods.
Negative Spin-Polarization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>SrRuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2000)

We have made Meservey-Tedrow style spin-polarized tunneling measurements on SrRuO3, using a SrTiO3 barrier. In contrast to all other materials measured with this technique, we found the spin polarization to be negative, P = -9.5%. This makes it possible to test the generalized Julliere model for a negatively spin-polarized electrode, by measuring the magnetoresistance of a La(0.7)Sr(0. 3)MnO(3)/SrTiO(3)/SrRuO(3) tunnel junction. The generalized Julliere theory predicts it should be inverse.
Thermoelectric Properties of Conducting Polymers (1994)

Development of an inexpensive thermoelectric material which has a better cooling capacity than any currently available would have many practical advantages. On board ships or submarines it would allow a quiet, decentralized cooling architecture, it would reduce usage of chlorofluorocarbons, and would provide less expensive and lighter weight cooling systems. To this end a number of organic materials have been obtained and tested for thermoelectric properties. These include conductive vinyl elastomer, conductive nylon 12, and conductive polyphenylene sulfide, all of which are made conductive by addition of carbon. Polymers made conductive in this way do not have a high Seebeck coefficient. other polymers tested include polyaniline, a Schiff's base polymer (poly-N,N'(1,3-phenylenedimethylidyne)bis(3-ethynylaniline)), TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalinium tetracyanoquinodimethanide) , D sub S(TCNQ)2 (1,2-bis(4-N- methylpyridylium-TCNQ)ethane), and polyoctylthiophene (POT) doped (separately) with 33% of the following substances: iodine, tetraethylamineammonium tetrafluoroborate, potassium persulfate, and ferric chloride. Ferric chloride doped POT was found to have a high Seebeck coefficient (1800 gV/deg C), but the conductivity (0.0074 S/cm) is not high enough to provide a good figure of merit. Polyaniline, Conducting polymer, Conductive vinyl, Conductive nylon, Conductive polyphenylene sulfide, Polyoctylthiophene, Schiff's base, Thermoelectric
An evaluation of ontology exchange languages for bioinformatics. (2000)

Ontologies are specifications of the concepts in a given field, and of the relationships among those concepts. The development of ontologies for molecular-biology information and the sharing of those ontologies within the bioinformatics community are central problems in bioinformatics. If the bioinformatics community is to share ontologies effectively, ontologies must be exchanged in a form that uses standardized syntax and semantics. This paper reports on an effort among the authors to evaluate alternative ontology-exchange languages, and to recommend one or more languages for use within the larger bioinformatics community. The study selected a set of candidate languages, and defined a set of capabilities that the ideal ontology-exchange language should satisfy. The study scored the languages according to the degree to which they satisfied each capability. In addition, the authors performed several ontology-exchange experiments with the two languages that received the highest scores: OML and Ontolingua. The result of those experiments, and the main conclusion of this study, was that the frame-based semantic model of Ontolingua is preferable to the conceptual graph model of OML, but that the XML-based syntax of OML is preferable to the Lisp-based syntax of Ontolingua.
Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: The Challenge to Effective Treatment (2008)

Despite the high efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to reverse upper airway obstruction in sleep apnea, treatment effectiveness is limited by variable adherence to prescribed therapy. When adherence is defined as greater than 4 hours of nightly use, 46 to 83% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea have been reported to be nonadherent to treatment. Evidence suggests that use of CPAP for longer than 6 hours decreases sleepiness, improves daily functioning, and restores memory to normal levels. The decision to embrace CPAP occurs during the first few days of treatment. Although many strategies in patient interface with CPAP or machine modality are marketed to improve CPAP usage, there are few data to support this. No single factor has been consistently identified as predictive of adherence. Patient perception of symptoms and improvement in sleepiness and daily functioning may be more important in determining patterns of use than physiologic aspects of disease severity. Emerging data suggest that various behavioral interventions may be effective in improving CPAP adherence.
Scaling HTM-Supported Database Transactions to Many Cores (2015)

So far, transactional memory-although a promising technique-suffered from the absence of an efficient hardware implementation. Intel's Haswell microarchitecture introduced hardware transactional memory (HTM) in mainstream CPUs. HTM allows for efficient concurrent, atomic operations, which is also highly desirable in the context of databases. On the other hand, HTM has several limitations that, in general, prevent a one-to-one mapping of database transactions to HTM transactions. In this work, we devise several building blocks that can be used to exploit HTM in main-memory databases. We show that HTM allows for achieving nearly lock-free processing of database transactions by carefully controlling the data layout and the access patterns. The HTM component is used for detecting the (infrequent) conflicts, which allows for an optimistic, and thus very low-overhead execution of concurrent transactions. We evaluate our approach on a four-core desktop and a 28-core server system and find that HTM indeed provides a scalable, powerful, and easy to use synchronization primitive.
A streaming ensemble classifier with multi-class imbalance learning for activity recognition (2017)

Stream multi-class imbalance learning in smart home applications is an evolving learning area that incorporates the challenges of both multi-class imbalance and stream learning. Moreover, another argument in the learning from the imbalanced multi-class distributions that cause misleading classification outcomes, is the imbalanced ratio in a sensor data stream which is vigorously changing. Due to the presence of an inadequate representation of sensor data stream and class distribution skews, learning from such data entails a new algorithm to transform balanced data into a model in a stream fashion. In this paper, we propose a new multi-class stream imbalance ensemble method where the base learner is a Naïve Bayesian classifier. In this approach, each training instance from any of the classes involved in learning based on thresholding on the median prior probability to aid in balancing the classes. Our proposed method diverges from state-of-the-art approaches with regard to being robust to outliers, retains more useful information, and is less sensitive to over-fitting. Also, it has a simple conceptual justification and is easy to implement. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on two smart home testbed datasets. Our proposed method compares favourably with state-of-the-art approaches.
Rotaxane-encapsulated cyanine dyes: enhanced fluorescence efficiency and photostability (2000)

Two isomers of a cyanine dye α-cyclodextrin rotaxane have been synthesised in aqueous solution, and structurally characterised by 2D NMR spectroscopy; they exhibit enhanced fluorescence and photostability, compared with the free dye.
Epitaxial growth of single-crystalline thin film of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>24</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>41</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math>A heavily hole-doped two-legged spin ladder (1999)

We have succeeded in growing a single-crystalline thin film of ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{14}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}{\mathrm{O}}_{41},$ a two-legged ladder oxide, on a ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{14}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}{\mathrm{O}}_{41}$ (010) single-crystal substrate. The epitaxial growth without any misorientation with the substrate was confirmed and the lattice spacings were determined by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction. The film oxidized using ozone showed a T-linear metallic resistivity along the ladder direction down to 20 K, whereas the resistivity normal to the ladder remained semiconductive in the whole temperature range. The anisotropy monotonously increased as $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{2}$ at 20 K and ${10}^{3}$ at 2 K. No superconducting transition emerged. The heavily hole-doped two-legged ladders created in the film will provide us with an opportunity to study further the quasi-one-dimensional charge dynamics down to low temperatures.
Synthesis and Growth Inhibitory Properties of Glycosides of 1-<i>O</i>-Hexadecyl-2-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>sn</i>-glycerol, Analogs of the Antitumor Ether Lipid ET-18-OCH<sub>3</sub> (Edelfosine) (1996)

Glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs), analogs of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1, ET-18-OCH3, edelfosine), were synthesized in good overall yields by glycosylation of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycerol and tested for in vitro antineoplastic activity against a variety of murine and human tumor cell lines. Stereospecific glycosylation was achieved by the use of 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzylglucopyranosyl and -mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates as donors, with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as catalyst in the presence of molecular sieves at -78 degrees C. The GAELs differ from 1 in having the sn-3-phosphocholine residue replaced by one of the following monosaccharide residues: beta- and alpha-2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl, alpha-D-mannopyranosyl, 2-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl, and 2-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl. 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl)- sn-glycerol (2) was more effective than 1 in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and its adriamycin-resistant form MCF-7/adriamycin, and murine Lewis lung cancer cells. 2-Deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranoside 2 was also an effective growth inhibitor of two drug-resistant leukemic cell lines, P388/Adr and L1210/vmdr.
P003. TLR7 and TLR8 expression by melanoma cells correlates with a better relapse-free survival for stage III melanoma patients (2011)

Saint-Jean, M.a,b; Knol, A.C.a; Nguyen, J.M.c; Khammari, A.a,b; Dréno, B.a,b Author Information
Using Augmented Reality as a Clinical Support Tool to Assist Combat Medics in the Treatment of Tension Pneumothoraces (2013)

This study was to extrapolate potential roles of augmented reality goggles as a clinical support tool assisting in the reduction of preventable causes of death on the battlefield. Our pilot study was designed to improve medic performance in accurately placing a large bore catheter to release tension pneumothorax (prehospital setting) while using augmented reality goggles. Thirty-four preclinical medical students recruited from Morehouse School of Medicine performed needle decompressions on human cadaver models after hearing a brief training lecture on tension pneumothorax management. Clinical vignettes identifying cadavers as having life-threatening tension pneumothoraces as a consequence of improvised explosive device attacks were used. Study group (n = 13) performed needle decompression using augmented reality goggles whereas the control group (n = 21) relied solely on memory from the lecture. The two groups were compared according to their ability to accurately complete the steps required to decompress a tension pneumothorax. The medical students using augmented reality goggle support were able to treat the tension pneumothorax on the human cadaver models more accurately than the students relying on their memory (p < 0.008). Although the augmented reality group required more time to complete the needle decompression intervention (p = 0.0684), this did not reach statistical significance.
Esophageal Stenting (2004)

Malignant obstruction of the esophagus is a debilitating condition, with dysphagia as its main symptom. Many patients present with advanced disease and palliative treatment is the only possibility. Since their widespread introduction 10 years ago, self-expanding metal stents have become accepted as an extremely effective method of palliating malignant dysphagia. Early reports suggesting very low complications have been superseded by results from randomized trials. It is now evident that the complication rate is significant and the need for reintervention can be as high as 50%. Modifications in stent design should reduce this reintervention rate. There are a large number of stent designs now available and it is essential that the interventional radiologist understand the particular strengths and weaknesses of each design, so that the correct choice of stent can be made for a particular patient. The most recent designs include antireflux stents and removable stents. Both represent significant advances and should reduce stent-related complications.
Lifecycle Extension of Long Range UHF RFID Tags based on Energy Harvesting (2007)

Abstract Recently applications of UHF RFID systems are often requiring sensing and monitoring capabilities on the transponder side as well as long operating ranges (long range sensor tag). Such functionality results in a high energy consumption of the tag on the one hand but also requires an uninterrupted energy supply on the other hand. This is not achievable with reader-powered passive UHF RFID Systems; an on-board energy source (battery) is necessary. Such energy store defines and limits the lifetime of a sensor tag, which is a key parameter specifying the reliability and the quality of this type of UHF RFID system. This paper describes the combination of special power saving techniques with novel energy storage structures incorporating energy harvesting devices to guarantee a reasonable lifetime of the resulting sensor tag architecture. I.
Dissociative attachment of electrons to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O (1990)

Cross sections for the production of ${\mathrm{O}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ from ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O by the process of dissociative electron attachment have been measured for electron-impact energies ranging from 0 to 50 eV. Three new ${\mathrm{O}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ peaks are observed. The present data above 5-eV electron-impact energy differ considerably from the previous measurements.
On Sharding Permissioned Blockchains (2019)

Permissioned Blockchain systems rely mainly on Byzantine fault-tolerant protocols to establish consensus on the order of transactions. While Byzantine fault-tolerant protocols mostly guarantee consistency (safety) in an asynchronous network using 3f+1 machines to overcome the simultaneous malicious failure of any f nodes, in many systems, e.g., blockchain systems, the number of available nodes (resources) is much more than 3f + 1. To utilize such extra resources, in this paper we introduce a model that leverages transaction parallelism by partitioning the nodes into clusters (partitions) and processing independent transactions on different partitions simultaneously. The model also shards the blockchain ledger, assigns different shards of the blockchain ledger to different clusters, and includes both intra-shard and cross-shard transactions. Since more than one cluster is involved in each cross-shard transaction, the ledger is formed as a directed acyclic graph.
Moving Volume KinectFusion (2012)

Newcombe and Izadi et al’s KinectFusion [5] is an impressive new algorithm for real-time dense 3D mapping using the Kinect. It is geared towards games and augmented reality, but could also be of great use for robot perception. However, the algorithm is currently limited to a relatively small volume fixed in the world at start up (typically a ∼ 3m cube). This limits applications for perception. Here we report moving volume KinectFusion with additional algorithms that allow the camera to roam freely. We are interested in perception in rough terrain, but the system would also be useful in other applications including free-roaming games and awareness aids for hazardous environments or the visually impaired. Our approach allows the algorithm to handle a volume that moves arbitrarily on-line (Figure 1).