gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontology-driven Generation of 3D Animations for Training and Maintenance (2007)

3D computer-based animations are nowadays used for training purposes in a wide range of industrial applications like assembly, maintenance and operations. Authoring them is usually a time consuming task, demanded to professional 3D designers, who need at first a good understanding of the involved entities and actions in order to create customized animations. The proposed methodology deals with the use of an ontology in order to filter and understand generic natural language training requests. Once identified the proper actors and actions, they are associated to the corresponding models and movements to be performed in the virtual environment and translated in a 3D graphics format template. The result is a customized animation, which can be created by a non-expert designer and then visualized by the worker on site. The role of the ontology is to reduce the overall complexity of the animation authoring process by assuring the necessary comprehension of the training requests as well as reusability and extensibility of the structure of both modeled objects and of animations' components in different fields of knowledge.
Healthcare Functions of Cordyceps cicadae (2015)

Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) is one of the most valued traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and have been used for about 1,600 years in China. Both TCM works and modern pharmacological studies indicate that C. cicadae exhibits a variety of biological functions, including vision improvement and protection of renal function. There are at least five active ingredients in C. cicadae, suggesting that further exploration on bioactive metabolites of C. cicadae is expected to expand for its application scope and better exert its healthcare efficacy. Because of the shortage of wild C. cicadae, artificially cultivated is an ideal substitute. The methods we developed include fruiting body production based on wild culture matrix, cultivation based on infected nymphs, liquid fermentation of mycelium. Safety evaluation of the artificially cultivated C. cicadae is important in development of C. cicadae-related product. No toxic effect was observed in the acute toxicity test (piglet), 3 different test systems of genotoxicity test, a 90- day oral toxicity test (rats), as well as teratogenicity test of C. cicadae mycelium. C. cicadae possesses multiple pharmacological activities that offers several featured advantages such as low toxicity, low price and easy availability of raw materials from artificial cultivation, paving a broad way for functional products and supplements incorporating healthcare foods, cosmetics, biological agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
Multi-sensor process tomography system design: Part 1 – Systems and hardware engineering (1999)

This paper deals with the conceptual design of an integrated multi- modal system which can offer a 'plug and play' capability. It deals with the design constraints of such systems: the complexity and specificity of the front end electronics for each modality; the need for front end data pre-processing and packing; the need to integrate the data to allow data fusion; and finally the features to enable successful data fusion and interpretation. This paper, Part 1, focuses upon the composite systems engineering and integrated hardware. A further paper, Part 2, deals with the data processing and system software design.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Arsenic-Induced Toxicity (2006)

Arsenic is recognized as a carcinogen for human skin, bladder, and lung, following either ingestion or inhalation; however the exact mode of action of environmentally relevant exposure has not been determined. Because arsenic in the environment exists in several oxidative states and can interact with thiols, it is thought that arsenic toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress. Production of oxygen radicals following acute in vitro exposures has been demonstrated. However, our research has chosen to focus on the role of oxidative stress following whole animal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of arsenic. Following a 28-d inhalation of arsenic or cigarette smoke or both, there was a significant decrease in both the reduced and total glutathione levels in the combined arsenic and smoke group compared to groups exposed to arsenic or smoke alone. This correlated with a 5-fold increase in DNA oxidation. Lungs processed for immunohistochemistry localization of 8-oxo-dG showed increased staining in nuclei of airway epithelium and subadjacent interstitial cells. Increases in DNA oxidation were not due to increased inflammation. Although inhalation of arsenic is an important occupational exposure, the majority of human exposures occurs through ingestion of arsenic. Our recent work has been devoted to the identification of altered pulmonary gene and protein expression following ingestion of environmentally relevant levels of arsenic in drinking water. We have found that, following chronic exposure, arsenic leads to misregulation of a number of genes and proteins in the lung. A large percentage of the altered genes and proteins are known to be regulated by redox-sensitive transcription factors, (SP1, NF kappaB, AP-1), suggesting that, at environmentally relevant levels of chronic exposure, arsenic may be acting through alteration of cellular redox status. Validation of the alterations seen in animal models of exposure is being carried out in humans.
Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Identifies a Gene in the Lysogenic Phage Gifsy-1 That Affects <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Survival in Peyer's Patches (2000)

In vivo expression technology was used to identify Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genes that are transcriptionally induced when the bacteria colonize the small intestines of mice. These genes were subsequently screened for those that are transcriptionally inactive during the systemic stages of disease. This procedure identified gipA, a gene that is specifically induced in the small intestine of the animal. The gipA gene is carried on the lambdoid phage Gifsy-1. Consistent with the expression profile, the sole defect conferred by a gipA null mutation is in growth or survival in a Peyer's patch. The gipA strain is wild type in its ability to initially colonize the small intestine and invade the intestinal epithelium. The mutant also survives and propagates at wild-type levels during the systemic stages of disease. The gipA open reading frame is homologous to a family of putative insertion sequence elements, although our evidence shows that transposition is not required for gipA function in the Peyer's patch. These results suggest that the bacteria sense and respond to the particular environment of the Peyer's patch, a critical site for the replication of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium.
Password Authentication Schemes: Current Status and Key Issues (2006)

Password authentication is one of the simplest and the most convenient authentication mechanisms to deal with secret data over insecure networks. It is more frequently required in areas such as computer networks, wireless networks, remote login systems, operation systems, and database management systems. In this paper, we shall present the result of our survey through all currently available password-authentication-related schemes and get them classified in terms of several crucial criteria. To be critical, most of the existing schemes are vulnerable to various attacks and fail to serve all the purposes an ideal password authentication scheme should. In order to see how different password authentication schemes compare in different situations, we define all possible attacks and goals that an ideal password authentication scheme should withstand and achieve. We should hope that the attacks and goals we offer here can also help future researchers develop better schemes.
Robust Action Recognition framework using Segmented Block and Distance Mean Histogram of Gradients Approach (2017)

This paper propose two novel algorithms, segmented block of mean image with normalization and distance mean histogram of gradients for generating descriptor. Feature analysis and classification done with the help of Random forest. Our approach performs better than benchmark, gradient based approaches with average accuracy 56.59% on HMDB dataset. We have also tested our approach on ATM video dataset. Video sequences have been analyzed by varying block size of mean image and Number of frames for mean image. Average accuracy 94.5% has been achieved during testing on ATM dataset, where proposed framework has been able to recognize activities efficiently.
Reactions of relevance to the chemistry of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Part 7. Conversion of thiocarbonates into deoxy-sugars (1977)

Radical-initiated reduction of five- or six-membered ring thiocarbonates, followed by alkaline hydrolysis, affords a convenient synthesis of 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-deoxy-sugars. For 5,6- and 4,6-thiocarbonates the regiospecificity of the reaction complements the recently developed synthesis of 6-deoxy-sugars by ring opening of the same thiocarbonates with methyl iodide. Applications in the synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-ribose and 2′-deoxyadenosine are described.
Regulation of P2X<sub>7</sub> nucleotide receptor function in human monocytes by extracellular ions and receptor density (2001)

P2X receptors function as ATP-gated cation channels. The P2X(7) receptor subtype is distinguished from other P2X family members by a very low affinity for extracellular ATP (millimolar EC50) and its ability to trigger induction of nonselective pores on repeated or prolonged stimulation. Previous studies have indicated that certain P2X(7) receptor-positive cell types, such as human blood monocytes and murine thymocytes, lack this pore-forming response. In the present study we compared pore formation in response to P2X(7) receptor activation in human blood monocytes with that in macrophages derived from these monocytes by in vitro tissue culture. ATP induced nonselective pores in macrophages but not in freshly isolated monocytes when both cell types were identically stimulated in standard NaCl-based salines. However, ion substitution studies revealed that replacement of extracellular Na+ and Cl- with K+ and nonhalide anions strongly facilitated ATP-dependent pore formation in monocytes. These ionic conditions also resulted in increased agonist affinity, such that 30-100 microM ATP was sufficient for activation of nonselective pores by P2X(7) receptors. Comparison of P2X(7) receptor expression in blood monocytes with that in macrophages indicated no differences in steady-state receptor mRNA levels but significant increases (up to 10-fold) in the amount of immunoreactive P2X(7) receptor protein at the cell surface of macrophages. Thus ability of ATP to activate nonselective pores in cells that natively express P2X(7) receptors can be modulated by receptor subunit density at the cell surface and ambient levels of extracellular Na+ and Cl-. These mechanisms may prevent adventitious P2X(7) receptor activation in monocytes until these proinflammatory leukocytes migrate to extravascular sites of tissue damage.
Multiscale Edge-Based Text Extraction from Complex Images (2006)

Text that appears in images contains important and useful information. Detection and extraction of text in images have been used in many applications. In this paper, we propose a multiscale edge-based text extraction algorithm, which can automatically detect and extract text in complex images. The proposed method is a general-purpose text detection and extraction algorithm, which can deal not only with printed document images but also with scene text. It is robust with respect to the font size, style, color, orientation, and alignment of text and can be used in a large variety of application fields, such as mobile robot navigation, vehicle license detection and recognition, object identification, document retrieving, page segmentation, etc
Sperm transport in the cow : peri-ovulatory redistribution of viable cells within the oviduct (1984)

Using a surgical approach involving double ligatures and transection, together with subsequent recovery of the eggs, heifers mated at the onset of oestrus have been examined for progression of spermatozoa within the oviducts relative to the time of ovulation; the latter occurred 28-31 hours after the onset of oestrus. Evidence was obtained that spermatozoa competent to penetrate the egg(s) do not pass directly to the site of fertilisation at the isthmic-ampullary junction but instead are largely sequestered before ovulation in the caudal region of the isthmus, possibly for 18-20 hours or more. Thus, 3 of 14 eggs (21%) were fertilised when the oviduct was transected in pre-ovulatory animals 2.0 cm proximal to the utero-tubal junction 16 or more hours after mating compared with 7 of 8 eggs (88%) with a similar post-ovulatory transection 28-36 hours after mating (P less than 0.01). A redistribution of spermatozoa appears to be associated with imminent release of the egg. The distal portion of the oviduct is therefore seen as the functional sperm reservoir--that is the immediate source of viable spermatozoa at the time of ovulation. Parallels are drawn with storage of relatively quiescent sperm cells in the distal portion of the epididymal duct, and procedures of insemination are examined in the light of this storage rôle of the isthmus and the reported incidence of fertilisation in cattle.
Extent of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle based on a high-density SNP panel (2008)

For association mapping in Holstein-Friesian cattle, for a given design, at least one SNP is required for each 40 kb, giving a total requirement of at least 75,000 SNPs for a low power whole-genome scan (median r2 > 0.19) and up to 300,000 markers at 10 kb intervals for a high power genome scan (median r2 > 0.62). For estimation of LD by D' and Dvol with sufficient precision, a sample size of at least 400 is required, whereas for r2 a minimum sample of 75 is adequate.
Gynecologic effects of tamoxifen and the association with endometrial carcinoma (1995)

Tamoxifen has been used as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer for nearly two decades. The benefits of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in prolonging disease-free and overall survival have been shown in randomized clinical trials. Despite this, some developing evidence suggests that tamoxifen causes a 2- to 3-fold increase in endometrial cancer. This paper reviews the reports of endometrial carcinoma in tamoxifen-treated patients. Two hundred fifty cases of endometrial carcinoma are reported, but only one case is identified in a premenopausal woman. When documented, 77% (n=127) of the cases are good-grade (grade 1 or 2) and 80% (n=125) are stage-I disease. Since the distribution of good grade (79%) and stage I (74%) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data are comparable, concerns about more aggressive or late-stage disease appear to be unwarranted. The modest increase in the incidence of early-stage, good-grade endometrial carcinoma described during tamoxifen therapy suggests that it would be unreasonable to institute an aggressive detection strategy of endometrial biopsies. This approach would only lead to further detection bias and would not be cost-effective. Physicians should ensure that patients do not have pre-existing endometrial cancer prior to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer and, furthermore, they should educate patients about signs and symptoms of early endometrial carcinoma and when reported these should be followed up with a gynecologic examination.
Synthesis of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup>micro- and nanophosphors by sol-gel process (2009)

In this paper, optical properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ micro- and nanophosphors synthesized by sol-gel process are reported. Citric acid and tartaric acid were employed as chelating agents. Different factors effecting structures and properties of the phosphors, such as concentration of Eu3+, sintered temperature and the ratio of metal ions to tartaric acid, were examined. Crystal structure of the particles was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results showed that the phosphor powders completely crystallized at 600°C. Morphology and particle size of the phosphors were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size of the obtained phosphors varied from 1 to 6 μm (using citric acid as chelating agent) and from 20 to 30 nm (using tartaric acid as chelating agent). Photoluminescence measurements of the Y2O3:Eu3+ particles showed red emission peaks at 610 -612 nm (5D0→7F2). The optimal molar concentration to obtain the highest photoluminescent intensity for the phosphors was 7% of Eu3+.
Incidence of manifest glaucoma. (1989)

The incidence of manifest glaucoma was determined by means of repeated automatic perimetry in a defined general population. It was estimated at 0.24% per year. It was largely independent of age but higher in women than in men and higher in the countryside than in the villages. In fact the incidence of manifest glaucoma was five times higher among women in the countryside than among men in the villages.
Production, Purification, and Characterization of a Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Responsive Porphobilinogen Synthase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1999)

During tetrapyrrole biosynthesis the metalloenzyme porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of 5-aminolevulinic acid to form the pyrrole porphobilinogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBGS was synthesized in Escherichia coli, and the enzyme was purified as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). After removal of GST, a molecular mass of 280 000 +/- 10 000 with a Stokes radius of 57 A was determined for native PBGS, indicating a homooctameric structure of the enzyme. Mg2+ stabilized the oligomeric state but was not essential for octamer formation. Alteration of N-terminal amino acids changed the oligomeric state and reduced the activity of the enzyme, revealing the importance of this region for oligomerization and activity. EDTA treatment severely inhibited enzymatic activity which could be completely restored by the addition of Mg2+ or Mn2+. At concentrations in the micromolar range Co2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ partially restored EDTA-inhibited enzymatic activity while higher concentrations of Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme. Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ did not restore activity. A stimulatory effect of monovalent ions was observed. A Km of 0.33 mM for ALA and a maximal specific activity of 60 micromol h-1 mg-1 at the pH optimum of 8.6 in the presence of Mg2+ and K+ were found. pH-dependent kinetic studies were combined with protein modifications to determine the structural basis of two observed pKa values of approximately 7.9 (pKa1) and 9.5 (pKa2). These are postulated respectively as ionization of an active site lysine residue and of free substrate during catalysis. Some PBGS inhibitors were characterized. Finally, we succeeded in obtaining well-ordered crystals of P. aeruginosa PBGS complexed with the substrate analogue levulinic acid.
A transistorized overload-proof electronic regulator (TOPER) (1958)

With the appearance of transistorized plug-in circuits came the need for power supplies compatible in physical construction and reliability. A series-voltage regulator was reexamined with an open mind to see what a new approach would produce. The TOPER regulator presented here has a typical output characteristic. The heart of the TOPER regulator is a modified emitter-coupled difference amplifier. A short circuit out in the circuitry being powered would produce something like 0.5 ohm (line 2) which will draw about 100 ma; recovery is automatic. A complete loading cycle from no-load to short circuit and back to no-load will show a hysteresis in the output voltage.
Studies on solvent evaporation and polymer precipitation pertinent to the formation of asymmetric polyetherimide membranes (1995)

Abstract The characteristics of solvent evaporation and polymer precipitation during the formation of asymmetric aromatic polyetherimide (PEI) membranes via the dry/wet phase inversion method are studied and the results are discussed with reference to membrane preparation. It is shown that the solvent evaporation from the surface of freshly cast films in early evaporation stages can be quantified by an empirical equation with two parameters. Analysis of the evaporation parameters partially explains the interaction effect of membrane preparation variables on membrane performance. The phase separation data for systems PEI/DMAc/H 2 O and PEI/NMP/H 2 O with and without LiNO 3 additive are determined using the turbidimetric titration method. The kinetic data on solvent–nonsolvent exchange and additive leaching during polymer precipitation in nonsolvent water are measured. The results presented here offer a qualitative basis for the development of asymmetric PEI membranes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Freeze-thaw increases adeno-associated virus transduction of cells (2006)

A combination of gene and cell-based therapies may provide significant advantages over existing treatments in terms of their effectiveness. However, long-term efficient gene delivery has been difficult to achieve in many cell types, including endothelial cells. We developed a freeze-thaw technique which significantly increases the transduction efficiency of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in human aortic endothelial cells (23-fold) and in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (128-fold) in comparison to current methods for transduction. Freeze-thaw resulted in a transient but significant increase in cell surface area by 1,174 +/- 69.8 microM2 per cell. Reduction of cryogenic medium volume and repeated freeze-thaw further increased transduction efficiency by 2.8- and 2.4-fold, respectively. Trypsinization, dimethylsulfoxide, and cold temperatures, which are also involved in cell preservation, had no significant impact on transduction efficiency. Increased transduction was also observed in mesenchymal stem cells (42-fold) by the freeze-thaw method. The potential mechanism of this novel technique likely involves an increase in the net permeable area of biological membranes caused by water crystallization. These findings provide a new approach for gene delivery in various cell types, particularly in those resistant to transduction by conventional methods.
Folate, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C→T Polymorphism in Anxiety and Depression (2003)

Our results provide further evidence of a role of impaired 1-carbon metabolism in depression.