gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative reconstruction for circular cone-beam CT with an offset flat-panel detector (2010)

Circular cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a tangentially offset flat-panel X-ray detector offers a large CT field-of-view (FoV) with a relatively small detector. It is used in practice, e.g., for target imaging in image-guided radiotherapy or for localization and attenuation correction in SPECT/CT imaging. The X-ray projections, acquired on a circular source trajectory, each cover roughly half the CT FoV; a central overlap region is imaged by all projections. Offset-detector CBCT reconstruction requires special algorithms. For large detector offsets, previously proposed filtered-backprojection methods can lead to shading artifacts, specifically left/right intensity imbalance. Here, we propose using iterative reconstruction for offset-detector CBCT. To handle the special acquisition geometry, known iterative reconstruction algorithms are modified in terms of axial truncation compensation, redundancy weighting, and algorithm initialization. An efficient implementation using a graphics processing unit (GPU) delivers clinically feasible reconstruction times. Results from patient and phantom studies are presented, showing a clear reduction of artifacts and improvement in image quality.
Perimodiolar Electrodes in Cochlear Implant Surgery (2001)

Perimodiolar-positioned cochlear implant electrodes have been developed in order to bring the electrode contacts as close as possible to the spiral ganglion cells, which are the target of electrostimulation. This results in lower electrical thresholds, higher dynamic ranges and less channel interaction when compared with normal implant electrodes which are usually located peripherally within the scala tympani. In this study we evaluated 4 different types of perimodiolar electrode: the Clarion Preformed electrode, the Clarion Preformed electrode with positioner, the Nucleus Contour electrode and the Med-El Perimodiolar Combi 40 electrode. These devices require different approaches to achieve a perimodiolar electrode position. The electrodes were inserted in fresh human temporal bones. After processing these bones with the electrodes in situ by employing a sawing, grinding and polishing technique, the inner ear structures as well as the electrode positions could be evaluated in detail. All electrode types studied had a more or less perimodiolar position; however, each type produced a certain amount of trauma to cochlear structures which is discussed in relation to mechanical properties. Further human temporal bone studies with improved perimodiolar cochlear implant electrodes are necessary in order to find an optimized type of electrode.
Freeway speedharmonisation experiment using connected and automated vehicles (2017)

One effective strategy of cooperative vehicle‐highway systems with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is speed harmonisation, which dynamically adjusts vehicle speed recommendations to reduce speed differentials. Speed harmonisation can be applied to potentially improve mobility and safety. This study documents the development of an innovative vehicle control platform and experimental design to conduct speed harmonisation field experiments. In our experiment, a fleet consisting of three CAVs and five probe vehicles was deployed on a roadway segment that experiences daily recurring traffic congestion. The objective of the CAVs was to regulate traffic upstream of the bottleneck, so that vehicles move with uniform speed, thereby creating a steadier flow of traffic. The performance measures (e.g. travel time, fuel consumption, and speed oscillations) of the probe vehicles were analysed. To evaluate the effectiveness of speed harmonisation on smoothing the flow of traffic, these measures were compared between the probe vehicles that followed the CAVs. The results show the potential that CAVs have in reducing the oscillatory behaviour of traffic.
Chebyshev wavelet method for hypersingular integrals on circles and its applications (2013)

The numerical algorithm of hypersingular integral is always an important topic in recent years. According to the different definitions of singular integral, we would get the different numerical methods. In this paper, we mainly discuss the approximate value of hypersingular integrals on circle by using the Chebyshev wavelet. A quadrature formula is given by making use of the orthogonality of Chebyshev wavelet and the important formula in generalised function. Then we apply the method to approximate the singular integrals with the Hilert kernel. Two numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the approach.
Apparatus for simultaneous determination of the densities and heat capacities of liquids and of liquids with dissolved gas under an extended range of pressure (0.1-100 MPa) (2000)

This design note describes an experimental device, based on a Setaram C-80 calorimeter and an Anton Paar 512P densimeter, developed in order to measure densities and heat capacities at constant pressure of liquids and of liquids with gas dissolved. Pressure ranges from 0.1 to 70 MPa for the density measurement and from 0.1 to 100 MPa for the heat capacity determination, at temperatures from 303 to 473 K. The specific arrangement incorporated in the apparatus and the method of transfer of samples into the measurement vessels required for the study of these mixtures are also detailed. The functioning of this instrument was tested by measuring the heat capacity of liquid n-hexane, with calibration performed with water. Comparison with literature data obtained by an indirect method indicates that the deviation is less than 0.6%. The results of an investigation of a binary mixture, of n-decane and carbon dioxide, which has two phases under normal conditions, is also given.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) play a regulatory role on osteoblast activity and are clinically beneficial during fracture healing. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different sources have been extensively used in bone tissue engineering. Compared with MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs), those derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) are easier to obtain and available in larger amounts, although they show a less osteogenic differentiation potential than BMSCs. The hypothesis tested in this study was to evaluate whether PEMFs favor osteogenic differentiation both in BMSCs and in ASCs and to compare the role of PEMFs alone and in combination with the biochemical osteogenic stimulus bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Early and later osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin levels, and matrix mineralization, were analyzed at different times during osteogenic differentiation. Results showed that PEMFs induced osteogenic differentiation by increasing ALP activity, osteocalcin, and matrix mineralization in both BMSCs and ASCs, suggesting that PEMF activity is maintained during the whole differentiation period. The addition of BMP-2 in PEMF exposed cultures further increased all the osteogenic markers in BMSCs, while in ASCs, the stimulatory role of PEMFs was independent of BMP-2. Our results indicate that PEMFs may stimulate an early osteogenic induction in both BMSCs and ASCs and they suggest PEMFs as a bioactive factor to enhance the osteogenesis of ASCs, which are an attractive cell source for clinical applications. In conclusion, PEMFs may be considered a possible tool to improve autologous cell-based regeneration of bone defects in orthopedics.
CLANS: a Java application for visualizing protein families based on pairwise similarity (2004)

CLANS can be downloaded at http://protevo.eb.tuebingen.mpg.de/download.
Capsulorhexis size and posterior capsule opacification (1996)

Capsulorhexis with a slightly smaller diameter than the IOL optic appears to be better than a large-size capsulorhexis in reducing the incidence of PCO.
Octoxy capped Si nanoparticles synthesized by homogeneous reduction of SiCl<sub>4</sub>with crown ether alkalide (2013)

Blue-green luminescent octoxy capped Si nanoparticles were synthesized via homogeneous reduction of SiCl4 with the crown ether alkalide K(+)(15-crown-5)2K(-) in tetrahydrofuran. The Si nanoparticles were characterized with respect to size, crystal structure, morphology, surface termination, optical properties and stability. Si diamond structure nanoparticles with narrow size distributions, and average diameters ranging from 3 to 7 nm were obtained. A finite-size effect on the lattice dimensions was observed, in the form of an expansion of the [220] lattice planes of smaller Si nanoparticles. The concentration of SiCl4 was found to be the most important parameter governing the particle size and size distribution. The octoxy capped particles were stable under an ambient atmosphere for at least one month, but exposure to water made them prone to oxidation. An average radiative recombination lifetime of 8.8 ns was measured for the blue-green luminescence. The luminescence appears to originate from surface defects, rather than from quantum confinement.
Neuroprotective Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine after Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats (2012)

Following the initial acute stage of spinal cord injury, a cascade of cellular and inflammatory responses will lead to progressive secondary damage of the nerve tissue surrounding the primary injury site. The degeneration is manifested by loss of neurons and glial cells, demyelination and cyst formation. Injury to the mammalian spinal cord results in nearly complete failure of the severed axons to regenerate. We have previously demonstrated that the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) can attenuate retrograde neuronal degeneration after peripheral nerve and ventral root injury. The present study evaluates the effects of NAC and ALC on neuronal survival, axonal sprouting and glial cell reactions after spinal cord injury in adult rats. Tibial motoneurons in the spinal cord were pre-labeled with fluorescent tracer Fast Blue one week before lumbar L5 hemisection. Continuous intrathecal infusion of NAC (2.4 mg/day) or ALC (0.9 mg/day) was initiated immediately after spinal injury using Alzet 2002 osmotic minipumps. Neuroprotective effects of treatment were assessed by counting surviving motoneurons and by using quantitative immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for neuronal and glial cell markers 4 weeks after hemisection. Spinal cord injury induced significant loss of tibial motoneurons in L4-L6 segments. Neuronal degeneration was associated with decreased immunostaining for microtubular-associated protein-2 (MAP2) in dendritic branches, synaptophysin in presynaptic boutons and neurofilaments in nerve fibers. Immunostaining for the astroglial marker GFAP and microglial marker OX42 was increased. Treatment with NAC and ALC rescued approximately half of the motoneurons destined to die. In addition, antioxidants restored MAP2 and synaptophysin immunoreactivity. However, the perineuronal synaptophysin labeling was not recovered. Although both treatments promoted axonal sprouting, there was no effect on reactive astrocytes. In contrast, the microglial reaction was significantly attenuated. The results indicate a therapeutic potential for NAC and ALC in the early treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury.
Screening of cloned recombinant DNA in bacteria by in situ colony hybridization (1978)

We have developped in situ methods of colony hybridization in which there is no need to replicate colonies one by one prior to hybridization. The best method consists in promoting partial lysis of the colonies on the plates by means of a resident thermoinducible prophage. It appears that colonies are heterogeneous with respect to prophage induction, so that survivors remain in each colony. Blotting onto nitrocellulose filters and hybridization with a highly radioactive probe permits the screening of many thousands of colonies per plate for the presence of a DNA sequence carried by a plasmid and complementary to the probe. This procedure greatly facilitates the isolation of recombinant plasmids which carry a specific DNA sequence. We also describe a second, less efficient procedure which does not use prophage induced lysis, and is potentially usable with B2 or EK2 safety systems, without modification of the bacterial hosts.
Secure Identity-based Threshold Broadcast Encryption in the Standard Model (2011)

The general threshold broadcast encryption is not suitable for the networks with the constraints of computation and energy. In this paper, two constructions of the proper threshold broadcast encryption to these networks are proposed. In the proposed schemes, any user can dynamically join the system as a possible recipient, and the sender can dynamically choose the set of recipients S and the threshold value t . The new schemes achieve constant size private keys and O ( n-t )-size ciphertexts. In addition, these schemes achieve full security in the standard model. Finally, we also show that they are provable security under n +1-Weak Decision Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent ( n +1-wDBDHE) assumption and the static assumptions respectively.
Adversarial nets with perceptual losses for text-to-image synthesis (2017)

Recent approaches in generative adversarial networks (GANs) can automatically synthesize realistic images from descriptive text. Despite the overall fair quality, the generated images often expose visible flaws that lack structural definition for an object of interest. In this paper, we aim to extend state of the art for GAN-based text-to-image synthesis by improving perceptual quality of generated images. Differentiated from previous work, our synthetic image generator optimizes on perceptual loss functions that measure pixel, feature activation, and texture differences against a natural image. We present visually more compelling synthetic images of birds and flowers generated from text descriptions in comparison to some of the most prominent existing work.
Lupus : molecular and cellular pathogenesis (1999)

Leading basic and clinical investigators from around the world summarize the most recent research on the molecular and cellular origins of lupus. Their cutting-edge articles review the mechanisms underlying abnormal immunity and introduce the powerful new concept that a disorder of multiple genes underlies the abnormal immune response, leading directly to the development of lupus. This pathophysiology is shown to involve a wide variety of cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages/monocytes, and endothelial cells. Over time, the resulting long-term inflammation causes irreversible cell destruction and, ultimately, organ failure. Lupus: Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis is a masterful new synthesis of all the new knowledge emerging today about lupus. Its new perspectives will sharpen the focus of research and ultimately lead to better and more effective treatment
Ultrasensitive Heterogeneous Immunoassay Using Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy. 2. Quantitation of Ultratrace Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Human Sera (1996)

We previously proposed a photothermal immunoassay based on highly sensitive detection by a photothermal beam deflection method using colloidal gold as a labeling material. The assay system was significantly improved in terms of background reduction of ultrasensitive laser spectrometry through the newly designed reaction and separation procedure using microspheres for a solid phase. Highly sensitive laser spectrometric analysis is often susceptible to interference by even a small amount of admixtures. In this subsequent study, we improved our photothermal immunoassay so that it possesses further selectivity, matching that of the highly sensitive photothermal detection method. It was proved that our method could be applied to determine ultratrace quantities of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in cancer patients' and normal sera. The lower detection limit of CEA was 0.078 ng/mL (9.8 amol, absolute quantity). This is 10 times superior to that of any other immunoassay method and has enough detectability to measure a low level of CEA in healthy individuals. Intraassay coefficient of variation is about 8% at eight different concentrations (n = 6). We assayed 61 serum samples, and there was a good correlation between this method and previously established ELISA. We obtained clearer demarcation of healthy persons and colon cancer patients in terms of the CEA value than was obtained by ELISA. We believe this is the first report in which the laser-based ultrasensitive immunoassay is proved to be applicable to human sera, although the matrix admixtures causing interference in the assay were quite different in each sample serum.
Bayesian Calibration of a Lookup Table for ADC Error Correction (2007)

This paper presents a new method for the correction of nonlinearity errors in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The method has been designed to allow a self-calibration in systems where an internal signal can be generated, such as base stations for mobile communications. The method has been implemented and tested in simulation on the behavioral model of commercial ADCs and on a hardware setup composed by a data acquisition board and a distorting circuit
Deep learning approaches to biomedical image segmentation (2020)

The review covers automatic segmentation of images by means of deep learning approaches in the area of medical imaging. Current developments in machine learning, particularly related to deep learning, are proving instrumental in identification, and quantification of patterns in the medical images. The pivotal point of these advancements is the essential capability of the deep learning approaches to obtain hierarchical feature representations directly from the images, which in turn is eliminating the need for handcrafted features. Deep learning is expeditiously turning into the state-of-the-art for medical image processing and has resulted in performance improvements in diverse clinical applications. In this review, the basics of deep learning methods are discussed along with an overview of successful implementations involving image segmentation for different medical applications. Finally, some research issues are highlighted and the future need for further improvements is pointed out. Keywords: Image segmentation, Deep learning, Machine learning, Biomedical images
Ultrahigh‐intensity short‐arc long‐life lamp system (1995)

Abstract— The new short arc lamp system is the first lamp of a new generation of high intensity discharge lamps, released by Philips Lighting, with a technology not known so far in the Lighting Industry. Because of its short arc, its ultra high intensity, and its relatively long life, it is most suitable for consumer and professional light modulating projection systems like LCD or other light valve based rear or front projection units.
Striped Bass Management in Lakes with Emphasis on Management Problems (1985)

Abstract The number of fisheries for striped bass Morone saxatilis in freshwater impoundments in the United States has increased dramatically over the last decade. A survey of fisheries agencies throughout the country was conducted to evaluate accomplishments and problems associated with management of striped bass and hybrid striped bass (male white bass Morone chrysops x female striped bass). Through 1981, fisheries for striped bass, hybrid striped bass, or both had been established in at least 279 lakes in 34 states. Mean annual harvest rates from striped bass, hybrid striped bass, and mixed (both fish in same lake) fisheries were 1.1, 0.7, and 3.0 kg/hectare, respectively. In reservoirs where they are established, these fisheries contribute an average of 13.6% to the total harvest by weight; their maximum contribution is 66.2%. Improvements in management have been limited by the lack of good objectives and of quantitative evaluations of stocking success. The most frequently cited management problem was...
Simultaneous interpenetrating networks based on castor oil elastorners and polystyrene. IV. Stress‐strain and impact loading behavior (1979)

Abstract The stress‐strain and impact loading behavior of simultaneous interpenetrating networks (SIN's) based on three elastomers derived from polymerized castor oil and polystyrene was studied. The elastomers included the sebacic acid polyester, the 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) polyurethane, and the mixed sebacic acid‐TDI poly(ester‐urethane). Both toughened plastic and reinforced elastomer compositions were prepared. Stress‐strain measurements and Izod impact studies were carried out at room temperature. Both the plastic and the elastomeric SIN's proved tougher than their corrresponding homopolymer networks. Elongations to break of about 8 to 16 percent were found for the plastics, while the elastomers ranged from 55 to 125 percent. The castor oil polyester elastomer toughened plastic yielded the greatest improvement in impact resistance, having a value of 68 J/m.
Wind Energy Conversion Using A Self-Excited Induction Generator (1983)

A wind energy conversion scheme using an induction machine driven by a variable speed wind turbine is described. Excitation control has been obtained by employing a single value capacitor and thyristor controlled inductor. Wind speed cube law is proposed to be followed in loading the induction machine for maximising energy conversion. Performance characteristics of the generation scheme have been evaluated over a wide speed range. Harmonic analysis of the proposed scheme shows that harmonic currents and their associated power loss is negligible.
Genomic localization of tomato genes that control a hypersensitive reaction to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) dye. (1995)

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria causes bacterial spot, one of the most serious diseases of tomatoes. The lycopersicon esculentum accession 'Hawaii 7998' is the only reliable source of resistance to race 1 strains of the pathogen. This resistance is associated with a hypersensitive reaction controlled by multiple nondominant genes. The inoculated area becomes fully necrotic 24 hr after inoculation in 'Hawaii 7998,' whereas full necrosis is observed 5 and 4 days after inoculation in the susceptible species L. pennellii (LA 716) and their F1, respectively. An interspecific backcross population, using 'Hawaii 7998' as the recurrent parent, was analyzed to determine the linkage relationships between the resistance genes and 135 molecular marker loci. The range of responses of the BC1 population included those of the parents. Linkage to a hypersensitive response factor was assessed by comparing the rates of necrosis development between homozygous and heterozygous plants at 8 hr-intervals. Three factors that affect the hypersensitive response of 'Hawaii 7998' were detected. One factor is on the short arm of chromosome I, another on the long arm of chromosome I, and a third on the long arm of chromosome 5. These factors appeared to act independently and to have additive effects.
Analysis and comparison of several simple impulsive noise mitigation schemes for OFDM receivers (2008)

In this paper, we analyze and compare the performance of OFDM receivers with blanking, clipping and combined blanking-clipping nonlinear preprocessors in the presence of impulsive noise. Closed-form analytical expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of three types of nonlinearity are derived. Simulation results are provided that show good agreement with theory.