gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model compounds of cellulose: Trityl ethers substituted exclusively at C-6 primary hydroxyls (1973)

Triphenylmethylcellulose (trityl cellulose) in which substitution of only the primary hydroxyls at C-6 on the cellulose chain occurs has been prepared using superdry cellulose derived from gel cellophane. The diacetate and dicarbanilate derivatives substituted exclusively at C-2 and C-3 secondary hydroxyls could then be prepared. Detritylation afforded the cellulose dicarbanilate or diacetate. Proof that no secondary substitution occurred was afforded by elemental analysis and by tosylation followed by replacement of the tosyl group with iodine. Because of the low D.P. of the cellulose and the ease with which the cellulose polymers can be cast into films, these cellulose model compounds might find utility for studying the effect of reactions at either the primary or the secondary hydroxyls of cellulose.
The Patent Reform Act’s Proposed First-To-File Standard: Needed Reform or Constitutional Blunder?, 6 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 129 (2006) (2006)

The proposed Patent Reform Act of 2005 would bring U.S. patent law into harmony with most other countries by adopting a first-to-file standard for determining patent rights. This comment questions whether overturning the first-to-invent standardand two hundred years of settled law is permissible under the Patent Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The comment concludes that the Patent Reform Act of 2005, as proposed, violates the Constitution, and supports its argument by placing intocontext of the founding fathers fear of extending government monopolies. The comment proposes that Congress focus on procedural reform, and not change thefundamental standard for awarding patent rights.
The Heathrow broadband access system (2003)

The digital switched video fiber access system deployed at Heathrow, Florida, is described. The system principles and architecture, system design, and overall system performance are presented along with field results and experiences. The Heathrow broadband system has shown the technical feasibility of delivering very-high-quality video to residential customers via an all-digital switched design; it also has shown the dramatic quality improvement such an approach can offer when compared to analog/RF delivery via conventional cable systems. Further evolution of the base technology and the system topology for digital centrally switched systems will lead to a highly capable system, able to provide a common access vehicle for all service classes previously envisioned with a very high guaranteed delivery quality. With volume deployment such a system is projected to be economical, but this depends on the evolution of technology, especially in the area of low-cost optoelectronics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The implementation and evaluation of fusion and contraction in array languages (1998)

Array languages such as Fortran 90, HPF and ZPL have many benefits in simplifying array-based computations and expressing data parallelism. However, they can suffer large performance penalties because they introduce intermediate arrays---both at the source level and during the compilation process---which increase memory usage and pollute the cache. Most compilers address this problem by simply scalarizing the array language and relying on a scalar language compiler to perform loop fusion and array contraction. We instead show that there are advantages to performing a form of loop fusion and array contraction at the array level . This paper describes this approach and explains its advantages. Experimental results show that our scheme typically yields runtime improvements of greater than 20% and sometimes up to 400%. In addition, it yields superior memory use when compared against commercial compilers and exhibits comparable memory use when compared with scalar languages. We also explore the interaction between these transformations and communication optimizations.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a New Personal Sampling System for Assessing the Protection Provided by the N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators against Particles (2005)

The newly designed personal sampling system efficiently detected the changes in protection factors in real time. The sampling flow was least affected by the inhalation flow when the sampling probe was imbedded on the respirator surface. Leak location, breathing patterns and exercises did affect the measurement of the protection factors obtained using an N95 filtering facepiece respirator. This can be attributed to the differences in the in-mask airflow dynamics contributed by the leak, filter material, sampling probe and inhalation. In future studies, it would be beneficial if the laboratory data could be integrated with the field database.
Appropriate conditions for polyelectrolyte titration to determine the charge of cellulosic fibers (2003)

The polyelectrolyte titration method has been developed overthe years in order to determine the surface charge ofcellulosic fibers. The conditions have been varied depending onthe author. This work has been aimed at resolving theappropriate conditions for measuring the charge, such aselectrolyte concentration and molecular mass of thepolyelectrolyte. The charge ratio of variously treated pulpswas also investigated. The polyelectrolyte titration technique is based on a 1:1adsorption stoichiometry between fiber and polyelectrolytecharges. Adsorption of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride(poly-DADMAC) was first performed at various electrolyteconcentrations and then with various molecular masses. ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis) was used toindependently validate the polyelectrolyte titrationmethod. Results showed that stoichiometry prevailsat lowelectrolyte concentrations. Increasing the electrolyteconcentration screens the fiber charges, initially enhancingthe adsorption and causing a deviation from stoichiometry.Further increases in electrolyte concentration eventuallydecrease the adsorption. Deviation from stoichiometry occurredat higher electrolyte concentrations for higher charge densitypulps. ESCA-measurements showed that high and low molecularmass cationic polyelectrolyte adsorb to the same extent on thefiber surface, confirming stoichiometry. There was a goodagreement between the two techniques, hence, thepolyelectrolyte titration technique is a good method to measuresurface charges. Comparing the charge ratio between differentkind of pulps and treatments, it was found that mechanicalpulps have a higher surface charge than chemical pulps. Thecharge ratio of chemical pulps was, however, practicallyunchanged when comparing different types of wood and bleachingsequences. <b>KEYWORDS:</b>Adsorption, electrolyte, polyelectrolyte,polyelectrolyte titration, charge stoichiometry, charge ratio,diffuse electric double layer, Debye length, poly-DADMAC,cellulosic fibers, ESCA.
Effects of continuous treatment with low dose mifepristone throughout one menstrual cycle (1993)

The effects of continuous low dose mifepristone (RU 486) 10, 5 or 1 mg/day on the menstrual cycle were assessed in groups of five volunteers, who were treated for 30 days from the beginning of the cycle. Hormonal determinations in blood and urine samples, ovarian ultrasonography and an endometrial biopsy taken on day 22-29 of treatment were used to monitor the cycle. Pre- and post-treatment cycles presented a normal profile. During treatment, concentrations of RU 486 in plasma ranged from 65 nmol/l with 1 mg/day to 1000 nmol/l with 10 mg/day. With 10 or 5 mg/day, all treated cycles were prolonged as a result of arrested or slower follicular growth during treatment. Gonadotrophins, sex steroids and their urinary metabolites remained at early follicular phase levels throughout treatment, whereas androstenedione, prolactin and cortisol were unaffected. Follicular maturation resumed after discontinuation of treatment and several days later a luteinizing hormone surge followed by a luteal phase was observed in all cases. Ovulation was suppressed during treatment only in one of the five cycles treated with 1 mg/day. Endometrial maturation was disturbed by all doses. These data demonstrate a differential threshold of the follicle and the endometrium to mifepristone. This finding has potential application in the contraceptive field.
Genetic variation of human aspartic proteinases (1992)

The human aspartic proteinases include pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C, cathepsin D, cathepsin E and renin. Comparative analysis of the proteinase genes reveals a high degree of similarity with regard to their respective coding sequences and the location of exon-intron junctions. Despite strong conservation of the regions containing the active site aspartyl groups, genetic polymorphisms have been identified for each of the proteinase genes with the exception of cathepsin D. These genetic polymorphisms are useful for localization of genes on linkage maps as well as determination of gene copy number. The chromosomal location of each aspartyl proteinase has been determined by a variety of gene mapping methods employing recombinant DNA probes including; analysis of somatic cell hybrid mapping panels, in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome preparations and family linkage analysis with polymorphic markers. Pepsinogen A exhibits the most extensive polymorphism among aspartic proteinases which can be detected by either by protein electrophoresis or by DNA analysis. Southern blot hybridization with respective DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification have revealed nucleotide differences located within the coding and noncoding portions of the aspartic proteinase genes. These polymorphisms can be used to investigate potential roles of each proteinase in genetically influenced clinical conditions. The development of additional highly polymorphic markers detected by PCR amplification of divergent nucleotide sequence repeats will greatly assist with documentation of the effect of genetic variation of the aspartic proteinases may have in specific clinical diseases such as ulcer and hypertension.
Post-transcriptional regulation of syndecan-1 expression by cAMP in peritoneal macrophages (1993)

Syndecan-1 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is proposed to serve in cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix anchorage, and growth factor signaling. Its expression is temporally and spatially regulated during epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in many developing tissues. In some cases, this regulation appears to be achieved at the level of transcription. However, induction of syndecan-1 expression in the embryonic kidney mesenchyme is suggested to occur at the level of mRNA translation (Vainio, S., M. Jalkanen, M. Bernfield, and L. Saxén. 1992. Dev. Biol. 152:221-232). To identify a system in which the regulatory mechanisms controlling syndecan-1 expression can be studied, cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, which regulate the expression of many cell surface receptors, were screened for syndecan-1 expression. The syndecan-1 gene is active in blood monocytes as well as resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, but expression of the proteoglycan is regulated at two levels. First, elicited macrophages accumulate nine-fold more syndecan-1 mRNA than do resident macrophages or circulating blood monocytes. Another member of the syndecan family of proteoglycans, syndecan-4, shows a distinct pattern of expression, suggesting that this regulation is specific for syndecan-1. Second, utilization of the mRNA for syndecan-1 production encounters a post-transcriptional block in the elicited macrophages that can be overcome by triggering agents such as E-type prostaglandins or dibutyryl cAMP, which raise intracellular cAMP levels. Dibutyryl cAMP does not induce syndecan-1 expression in resident peritoneal macrophages, which lack a pool of stored mRNA. This suggests that this agent promotes the post-transcriptional utilization of stored syndecan-1 mRNA. The induced proteoglycan appears at the cell surface as a integral of 100-kD heparan sulfate-rich isoform of syndecan-1. This suggests that a cAMP-dependent post-transcriptional control mechanism may be present in a variety of tissues when syndecan-1 expression is regulated.
Cyclic electroplating and stripping of silver on Au@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles for sensitive and recyclable substrate of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2010)

A simple and convenient methodology to fabricate silver-coated Au@SiO2 core/shell nanomaterials (Au@SiO2@Ag nanostructures) is developed by cyclic electroplating and stripping of AgNO3 on the surface of Au@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles, and the proposed nanostructures served as sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Silver coverage of nanostructured Au@SiO2@Ag could be easily controlled by electrodeposition time without substrate motion. The Au@SiO2@Ag nanostructures possess a hexagonal array multiplying the hot spots. SERS of the nanostructures was examined at different electrodeposition times using rhodamine B (RdB) as probe molecule and 785 nm excitation. Optimum SERS was observed when silver was electrodeposited at −0.4 V for 1 min. RdB can be detected down to 10−11 M even without the resonance SERS effect, and the enhancement factor was found at 1.03 × 105. Additionally, silver shells could be easily stripped electrochemically when immersed in the H2SO4 solution for rebuilding and recycling the SERS substrates. The results validate the feasibility for quantitative detection of biomolecules in organisms and combine the advantages of recyclability and sensitivity.
Spacecraft and mission design of the 'Aeneas' Mercury orbiter using methods of concurrent engineering (2002)

Over the course of ten weeks, nine college students collaborated to design a mission to Mercury. The Aeneas Mercury Orbiter was designed using new methods of concurrent engineering with the help of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Aeneas will deliver a significant scientific payload, including visual cameras, an altimeter, laser and infrared spectrometers, and magnetometers, to a difficult target to return information about the little known planet Mercury. After a three-year trajectory including a Venus flyby, the spacecraft will reach Mercury and begin a 300 km circular polar orbit. Expected science return includes visual mapping of at least 95% of the surface, mapping of the Mercurian magnetic field, and partial determination of the planetary surface. The Aeneas Mercury Orbiter will enhance current knowledge of the solar system and its formation through the study of Mercury.
Reversible steroid dementia in patients without steroid psychosis (1984)

Six patients developed dementia-like cognitive changes that appeared to result from administration of steroid medications. Four of the patients never showed symptoms of steroid psychosis; the remaining two continued to show steroid dementia well after their steroid psychoses had resolved. The dementia was characterized by deficits in memory retention, attention, concentration, mental speed and efficiency, and occupational performance. All six patients eventually recovered normal mental status following discontinuation or reduction of steroid medications. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the prevalence and nature of the syndrome.
Highly Thermo-conductive Fluid with Boron Nitride Nanofillers (2011)

We report for the first time how boron nitride (BN) nanotubes and nanospheres may effectively be used to achieve remarkable thermal conductivity improvement of a fluid. Benefiting from high thermal conductivity and high-aspect-ratio of BN nanotubes, at a fraction of 6 vol %, the thermal conductivity of water was remarkably improved, up to ∼2.6-times. With BN nanospheres as fillers, the viscosity of the fluid can be kept decently low and thermal conductivity can also be effectively improved. A combination of BN nanotubes and nanospheres was found to increase the fluid's thermal conductivity while keeping its viscosity low, thus, such mixtures can be promising fillers for highly thermo-conductive fluids. Finally, calculations based on finite element method were used to investigate the regarded nanofluids. On the basis of the results, thermal conductivity was estimated to be more than, or close to 200 W/mK for BN nanotubes and nanospheres, respectively.
An immersive voice over IP service to wireless gaming (2007)

The current generation of VoIP services offer only single channel (mono) party-mix of voices. Thus when added to a network game engine, mono VoIP service can not really contribute to the gamers' sense of virtual world immersion. As a future development, the Immersive VoIP service delivers to each gamer an Auditory Scene, mixing the live voices of surrounding gamers which are all directionally placed and distance attenuated according to the appropriate virtual world positions. In previous work, we have proposed the Wireless Immersive Communication Environment (WICE) which is special type of Immersive VoIP service tailored to the scarce resources of wireless gaming clients. Also in previous work, we have already addressed the processing scalability of WICE with the conjecture of distance-governed relaxation of acceptable angular errors which allows multiple gamers to share the voice localised along the same direction. In this work, we verify the conjecture of acceptable angular errors in a series of subjective listening tests. An important test finding is the apparent user sensitivity to angular shifts in voice localisation when such auditory movements correspond to little or no visual movements. This finding suggests that the re-establishment of Auditory Scenes across time can not be memoryless in the face of gamer mobility in the virtual world. A mechanism has thus been developed to address this issue and analytic results are obtained on the impact of virtual world mobility on the required execution frequency of such mechanism.
Design, Synthesis, and Incorporation of a β-Turn Mimetic in Angiotensin II Forming Novel Pseudopeptides with Affinity for AT<sub>1</sub>and AT<sub>2</sub>Receptors (2006)

A benzodiazepine-based beta-turn mimetic has been designed, synthesized, and incorporated into angiotensin II. Comparison of the mimetic with beta-turns in crystallized proteins showed that it most closely resembles a type II beta-turn. The compounds exhibited high to moderate binding affinity for the AT2 receptor, and one also displayed high affinity for the AT1 receptor. Molecular modeling showed that the high-affinity compounds could be incorporated into a previously derived model of AT2 receptor ligands.
The Preparation and Spectral Characterization of 2-Haloindoles, 3-Haloindoles, and 2,3-Dihaloindoles (1986)

The preparation and properties of a series of 2-and.3-haloindolesand 2,3-dihaloindoles are described, and the mechanism of halogenation of 3-halo substituted indoles is briefly discussed.Halogenation in indole systems and the chemistry of the resulting haloindoles have been of interest for some time.'However, despite the amount of activity in this area, there is a noticeable lack of spectral data reported for the simple haloindoles.Recent discoveries of such compounds as
Remote monitoring of patients with mobile healthcare devices (2010)

This paper describes a generic framework of a remote patient monitoring and treatment system as part of an e-Health system. The framework is composed of a set of mobile and wearable medical devices and a communication platform that assure real-time acquisition of medical data from patients placed in remote locations. The main contributions of the paper are: the modular and versatile design of the medical devices and the web-service based data transfer solution.
Determination of absolute mode number using two mode-locked laser combs in optical frequency metrology (2007)

The mode number of the comb line involved in the optical frequency measurement was determined using two mode-locked, erbium-doped fiber laser combs operated at different repetition rates independently of the frequency fluctuation of the laser under measurement (LUM). A simple measurement process is presented to determine the difference in mode number between the two laser combs and the comb mode number, yielding the absolute frequency of the LUM.
PASSIM – an open source software system for managing information in biomedical studies (2007)

The presented system closes the gap between the need and the availability of lightweight software solutions for managing information in biomedical studies involving human research subjects.
Transient Formation of Superoxide Radicals in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid‐Induced Brain Swelling (1980)

The involvement of superoxide free radicals and lipid peroxidation in brain swelling induced by free fatty acids has been studied in brain slices and homogenates. The polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) caused brain swelling concomitant with increases in superoxide and membrane lipid peroxidation. Palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) had no such effect. Furthermore, superoxide formation was stimulated by NADPH and scavenged by the addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase in cortical slice homogenates. These in vitro data support the hypothesis that both superoxide radicals and lipid peroxidation are involved in the mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced brain edema.
Millimeter Wave Silicon Device and Integrated Circuit Technology (2005)

Silicon millimeter wave integrated circuit (SIMMWIC) technology has been developed utilizing novel fabrication techniques. These techniques have been applied to IMPATT and PIN diode fabrication schemes, the results of which are presented.
Modification of Atlas Twin-Arc Weather-Ometer (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of Atlas Twin-Arc Weather-OmeterJ. W. Tamblyn and G. M. ArmstrongCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 3, 460–465Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60075a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60075a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts