gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Channel Pipelined ADC With Sub-ADC Based on Flash–SAR Architecture (2012)

This brief presents a 10-bit dual-channel pipelined flash-successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for high-speed applications. The proposed ADC consists of two channels for high operating speed, and each channel adopts a pipelined flash-SAR architecture for low power and a small area. The proposed flash-SAR ADC in the second stage is composed of a 1-bit flash ADC and a 6-bit SAR ADC considering the chip area, operation speed, and circuit complexity. The prototype ADC fabricated in a 45-nm CMOS process occupies 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The differential and integral nonlinearities of the ADC are less than 0.36 and 0.67 LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 54.6 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range of 64.0 dB with a 78-MHz input at 230 MS/s with a 1.1-V supply. The maximum operating frequency of the ADC is 260 MS/s at a 1.2-V supply. The power consumptions of the ADC with 230 and 260 MS/s are 13.9 and 17.8 mW, respectively.
Lurker demographics (2000)

As online groups grow in number and type, understanding lurking is becoming increasingly important. Recent reports indicate that lurkers make up over 90% of online groups, yet little is known about them.
Predictors and Limitations of the Penetration Depth of Photodynamic Effects in the Rodent Brain (2019)

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is routinely utilized in clinical centers around the world, whereas the combination of FGS and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has yet to reach clinical implementation and remains an active area of translational investigations. Two significant challenges to the clinical translation of PDT for brain cancer are as follows: (1) Limited light penetration depth in brain tissues and (2) Poor selectivity and delivery of the appropriate photosensitizers. To address these shortcomings, we developed nanoliposomal protoporphyrin IX (Nal-PpIX) and nanoliposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (Nal-BPD) and then evaluated their photodynamic effects as a function of depth in tissue and light fluence using rat brains. Although red light penetration depth (defined as the depth at which the incident optical energy drops to 1/e, ~37%) is typically a few millimeters in tissues, we demonstrated that the remaining optical energy could induce PDT effects up to 2 cm within brain tissues. Photobleaching and singlet oxygen yield studies between Nal-BPD and Nal-PpIX suggest that deep-tissue PDT (>1 cm) is more effective when using Nal-BPD. These findings indicate that Nal-BPD-PDT is more likely to generate cytotoxic effects deep within the brain and allow for the treatment of brain invading tumor cells centimeters away from the main, resectable tumor mass.
Initial Profile Generation in Recommender Systems Using Pairwise Comparison (2012)

Most recommender systems, such as collaborative filtering, cannot provide personalized recommendations until a user profile has been created. This is known as the new user cold-start problem. Several systems try to learn the new users' profiles as part of the sign up process by asking them to provide feedback regarding several items. We present a new, anytime preferences elicitation method that uses the idea of pairwise comparison between items. Our method uses a lazy decision tree, with pairwise comparisons at the decision nodes. Based on the user's response to a certain comparison, we select on-the-fly what pairwise comparison should next be asked. A comparative field study has been conducted to examine the suitability of the proposed method for eliciting the user's initial profile. The results indicate that the proposed pairwise approach provides more accurate recommendations than existing methods and requires less effort when signing up newcomers.
Language and Literature: The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry: Abu Nuwas and the Literary Tradition (1999)

The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry: Abu Nuwas and the Literary Tradition, by Philip F. Kennedy. New York: Oxford University Press, and Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. xii + 244 pages. Appends. to p. 279. Gloss. to p. 285. Bibl. to p. 294. Indices to p. 304. $90. Reviewed by Roger Allen The title of this volume is more general than the subtitle and is an accurate reflection of the book's contents and methodology. For, while the name of Abu Nuwas (c. 757-815 AD) is certainly one to draw the attention, indeed often to tweak the fancy, of a broad spectrum of scholars working in the field of classical Arabic cultural production, the focus of this volume is on poetry per se and, more specifically, on the genre of the wine poem, khamriyya, from its earliest manifestations in the pre-Islamic poetic corpus to its finest elaboration in the works (and personae) of Abu Nuwas. After an introductory section, Philip F. Kennedy subdivides his analysis into four chapters, in each of which a principal theme is investigated. The first chapter examines the institution of wine itself, the development of the love poem (ghazal) in its different guises, and the various ways in which the traditional exordium to the qasidah (nasib) served as a precedent for the newly emerging genres of the Islamic period. The other three chapters examine the development of the khamriyya in the context of a set of themes whose origins are to be found in much earlier times: the way in which hikma (knowledge of man's ephemerality) is to be applied in the context of dahr (fate, also death); the use of the wine theme in the lampoon (hija') genre and particularly its application in the content of naqa'id (flytings); and, finally, the theme of repentance (tawba). In each of these chapters, Abu Nuwas and his poetic genius emerge from a discussion of the development of the various thematic combinations (and oppositions) within a context that is focused rigorously on the poems themselves and not on their societal framework. In this connection, two points need to be noted regarding this publication. First, the Arabic texts of the examples are printed in full text with vocalization, and they are accompanied by translations that combine a closeness to the original with a pleasing readability in English. Second, this approach allows Kennedy to show his enviable knowledge of the Arabic poetic tradition, invoking examples from the pre-Islamic period (most notably, al-A'sha) through the Umawi period, up to and including Abu Nuwas's contemporaries, especially Abu al-Atahiya. …
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and the Mode of Action of Indole-3-Carbinol against Human Pathogenic Microorganisms (2007)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring constituent of cruciferous vegetables. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of I3C and its mode of action. By using an NCCLS broth microdilution assay, the activity of I3C was evaluated against human pathogenic microorganisms including clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The results indicated that I3C exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activities. To elucidate the physiological changes of the fungal cells induced by I3C, we performed a flow cytometric analysis for a cell cycle. The results showed that I3C arrested the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase in Candida albicans. To understand the antifungal mode of action of I3C, the change in the membrane dynamics was monitored by using fluorescence changing experiments against C. albicans. The results suggest that I3C may exert antifungal activity by disrupting the structure of the cell membrane. The present study indicates that I3C has considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.
Detection of dengue viruses using reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2013)

The RT-LAMP assay developed in this study is sensitive, specific and simple to perform. The assay improved the detection of dengue when used in combination with serological methods.
Surgical anatomy of the upper eyelid: old controversies, new concepts (2009)

A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the upper eyelid is fundamental to any consideration of the approaches to surgical treatment of eyelid disorders. This review covers the detailed anatomy of the major components of the upper lid, which are commonly encountered in surgical practice. A review of this anatomy in a historical context is provided. In addition, the impact of contemporary anatomical information deriving from newer techniques and technologies is appraised.
Solving Fractional Partial Differential Equations with Corrected Fourier Series Method (2014)

The corrected Fourier series (CFS) is proposed for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with fractional time derivative on a finite domain. In the previous work, we have been solving partial differential equations by using corrected Fourier series. The fractional derivatives are described in Riemann sense. Some numerical examples are presented to show the solutions.
Engineering cyanobacteria for the production of a cyclic hydrocarbon fuel from CO<sub>2</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>O (2014)

Engineering the filamentous, N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacteria as a cellular factory to produce and secrete a cyclic hydrocarbon fuel using atmospheric gases (CO<sub>2</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>), water, and sunlight.
Small molecule activation of metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2, PKM2, circumvents photoreceptor apoptosis (2020)

Photoreceptor cell death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and there is an unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival. Similar to cancer cells, photoreceptors maintain pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) expression, which is a critical regulator in aerobic glycolysis. Unlike PKM1, which has constitutively high catalytic activity, PKM2 is under complex regulation. Recently, we demonstrated that genetically reprogramming photoreceptor metabolism via PKM2-to-PKM1 substitution is a promising neuroprotective strategy. Here, we explored the neuroprotective effects of pharmacologically activating PKM2 via ML-265, a small molecule activator of PKM2, during acute outer retinal stress. We found that ML-265 increased PKM2 activity in 661 W cells and in vivo in rat eyes without affecting the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. ML-265 treatment did, however, alter metabolic intermediates of glucose metabolism and those necessary for biosynthesis in cultured cells. Long-term exposure to ML-265 did not result in decreased photoreceptor function or survival under baseline conditions. Notably, though, ML-265-treatment did reduce entrance into the apoptotic cascade in in vitro and in vivo models of outer retinal stress. These data suggest that reprogramming metabolism via activation of PKM2 is a novel, and promising, therapeutic strategy for photoreceptor neuroprotection.
Synthesis and electroluminescent properties of quaterphenyl and sexiphenyl containing copolymers (1996)

Abstract Copolymers containing quaterphenyl and sexiphenyl units in which the solubility was introduced by spacer groups were prepared and investigated. Photoluminescence of the compounds appears in the blue region of the visible light. Blue light emitting electroluminescent devices based on the blends of the quaterphenyl copolymer and poly( N ‐vinylcarbazole) with indium‐tin oxide(ITO) and aluminium as hole‐ and electron‐injecting electrodes, respectively, were fabricated. Further, the quaterphenyl copolymer was found to be nematic between 236 and 244°C.
Tropospheric profiles of NO<sub>x</sub> (1981)

Profiles of the mixing ratio of NO x (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) for the clean troposphere are presented. The NO x mixing ratio increases from 10 pptv in surface air to values of about 200 pptv at the tropopause. The profile of NO x is governed by intrusion of odd nitrogen from the stratosphere into the troposphere. Anthropogenically produced NO x from ground level sources influences the NO x profile only in the lower troposphere.
Managing Distributed Databases: Building Bridges between Database Islands (1995)

History of Distributed Databases What Is a Database? Overview of Distributed Databases Basics of Client/Server Systems Distributed Database Design Enterprise Management of Distributed Databases Object Technology and Distributed Databases Distributed Object Technology and Distributed Databases CORBA A Common Architecture for Distributed Systems Distributed Database Connectivity Database Access Control and Connectivity Distributed Database Backup and Recovery Distributed Database Security Performance and Tuning for Distributed Databases New Data Retrieval Methods Psychological Issues Dealing with Resistance New Human Roles in Distributed Database Systems Appendix Bibliography Index.
Fuzzy control structures in multiple parameter systems: an application in handwritten address interpretation systems (2003)

Most practical software systems are a conglomerate of many modules, where each module has its own parameters that control the accuracy of the module. While each individual module can be optimized by tuning the relevant parameters, it is a non-trivial task to optimize the entire system. When the number of modules and the parameters are few, manual choosing of all parameters is possible by a "trial and error" mechanism. However, when the modules are many, other methods have to be adopted. We use fuzzy set technology for the purpose in the particular application of a Handwritten Address Interpretation System. We use a fuzzy measure based on the topology of the "blind" set of handwritten addresses and a predetermined neighborhood to construct the fuzzy membership function. This allows a nonlinear partitioning of the results to maximize the correct rate. On a test set of 10000 images, the fuzzy methodology accomplishes 5% higher accuracy.
Olympic city tics (1999)

I crouch at a small desk in a modest back room on the ground floor of a terrace house. A sliver of reflected sunlight might enter the room for a few minutes on clear afternoons in late spring and in summer. In order to read here the halogen lamp is usually on. Outside, this row of houses is enclosed by buildings undergoing conversion from old wool storage and manufacturing to a medium-density mix of apartments and offices. Close to this room, concrete-mixing trucks waiting to pour floors, ceilings and driveways have lined up for hours every day and many nights for the last three years as building after building is gutted and redesigned or demolished and reconstructed. Residual sticky black dust from combined tyre rubber, building rubble and exhaust fumes is this district's distressing and intolerable irritant. Unpredictable and yet constant noise prevents reliable sleep and destroys concentration. My job in a library elsewhere, which can sometimes tend towards drudgery, has become a kind of sanctuary.
High‐Mobility Nonvolatile Memory Thin‐Film Transistors with a Ferroelectric Polymer Interfacing ZnO and Pentacene Channels (2009)

Nonvolatile memory ferroelectric thin-film transistors (FeTFT) with P(VDF-TrFE) polymer are demonstrated with both n-channel ZnO and p-channel pentacene. A high mobility of ≈1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and large memory window of ≈20 V are achieved through the organic ferroelectric– inorganic channel hybrid device of ZnO-FeTFT. WRITE/ERASE states are clearly distinguished by ±20 V switching for ZnO- and pentacene-FeTFTs.
Negative anisotropic magnetoresistance resulting from minority spin transport in Ni<i>x</i>Fe4−<i>x</i>N (<i>x</i> = 1 and 3) epitaxial films (2017)

We grew 50 nm-thick NixFe4−xN (x = 1 and 3) epitaxial films on a SrTiO3(001) single-crystal substrate by molecular beam epitaxy and measured their anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratios rAMR in the temperature range of 5–300 K with current directions set along either NixFe4−xN [100] or [110]. A negative rAMR was obtained up to 200 K or higher. Their magnitude |rAMR| increased with decreasing temperature. From the negative AMR effect and the negative spin-polarization of density of states for NixFe4−xN at the Fermi level, it can be stated that the minority spin transport is dominant in NixFe4−xN, similar to Fe4N and Co3FeN. The rAMR depends on the current direction that arises from the current direction dependence of s-d scattering. In the case of Ni3FeN, the rAMR decreased to nearly zero at 260 K. This temperature agreed well with the Curie temperature determined from the temperature dependence of magnetization. The AMR curves were reproduced well by using both cos2ϕ and cos4ϕ components below 100 K, whereas a cos2ϕ component was enough to fit those obtained above 100 K. It is assumed that the tetragonal crystal field was enhanced at low temperatures (&lt;100 K) similar to Fe4N (&lt;50 K).
The Ras-Erk-ETS-Signaling Pathway Is a Drug Target for Longevity (2015)

Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie aging and their pharmacological manipulation are key aims for improving lifelong human health. Here, we identify a critical role for Ras-Erk-ETS signaling in aging in Drosophila. We show that inhibition of Ras is sufficient for lifespan extension downstream of reduced insulin/IGF-1 (IIS) signaling. Moreover, direct reduction of Ras or Erk activity leads to increased lifespan. We identify the E-twenty six (ETS) transcriptional repressor, Anterior open (Aop), as central to lifespan extension caused by reduced IIS or Ras attenuation. Importantly, we demonstrate that adult-onset administration of the drug trametinib, a highly specific inhibitor of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling, can extend lifespan. This discovery of the Ras-Erk-ETS pathway as a pharmacological target for animal aging, together with the high degree of evolutionary conservation of the pathway, suggests that inhibition of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling may provide an effective target for anti-aging interventions in mammals.
Inhibitory Effect of an Ellagic Acid-Rich Pomegranate Extract on Tyrosinase Activity and Ultraviolet-Induced Pigmentation (2005)

A pomegranate extract (PE) from the rind containing 90% ellagic acid was tested for its skin-whitening effect. PE showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, and the inhibition by the extract was comparable to that of arbutin, which is a known whitening agent. PE, when administered orally, also inhibited UV-induced skin pigmentation on the back of brownish guinea pigs. The intensity of the skin-whitening effect was similar between guinea pigs fed with PE and those fed with L-ascorbic acid. PE reduced the number of DOPA-positive melanocytes in the epidermis of UV-irradiated guinea pigs, but L-ascorbic acid did not. These results suggest that the skin-whitening effect of PE was probably due to inhibition of the proliferation of melanocytes and melanin synthesis by tyrosinase in melanocytes. PE, when taken orally, may be used as an effective whitening agent for the skin.
The resurgence of thyromimetics as lipid-modifying agents. (2009)

The aggressive reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels by treatment with statins is a key component of preventive cardiovascular care; however, additional therapies to prevent atherosclerosis and the associated clinical sequelae are still needed. Thyromimetic compounds selective for the liver or for the thyroid hormone receptor isoform beta1 constitute a novel approach for the treatment of dyslipidemia. In preclinical studies, selective thyromimetics significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels and provided protection from atherosclerosis by upregulating the hepatic LDL receptor and promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Importantly, data from ongoing clinical trials have provided the first evidence that selective thyromimetics may also reduce the levels of plasma cholesterol in humans.
Partnership sourcing: making the right connections (1997)

Notes that, in US manufacturing, suppliers are paid a total of about one half of a firm's revenues — therefore a firm that co‐operates with all of its suppliers doubles its competitive resources on the supply side of its value chain. Believes competition is driving supply chains into integration and to deliver maximum value from its own suppliers. Promotes customer‐supplier alliances because they concern the value chain as a whole, often requiring close relationships with other value chain participants beyond the firm's own immediate customers and suppliers.
The Comparison of Adipose Stem Cell and Placental Stem Cell in Secretion Characteristics and in Facial Antiaging (2016)

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly used seed cells in biomedical research and tissue engineering. Their secretory proteins have also been proven to play an important role in tissue healing. Methods. We isolated adipose stem cells and placental stem cells and performed analysis examining characteristics. The secretory proteins were extracted from conditioned medium and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. The antiaging effect of conditioned mediums was evaluated by the results of facial skin application. Results. Adipose stem cells and placental stem cells were found to be very similar in their surface markers and multipotency. The specific proteins secreted from adipose stem cells were more adept at cell adhesion, migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, while the proteins secreted by placental stem cells were more adept at angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, immunomodulation, and collagen degradation. While these two types of conditioned medium could improve the facial index, the improvement of Melanin index after injection of the adipose stem cell conditioned medium was much more significant. Conclusion. The results suggest that the secreted proteins are ideal cell-free substances for regeneration medicine, especially in the antiaging field.
High-speed Lissajous-scan atomic force microscopy: Scan pattern planning and control design issues (2012)

Tracking of triangular or sawtooth waveforms is a major difficulty for achieving high-speed operation in many scanning applications such as scanning probe microscopy. Such non-smooth waveforms contain high order harmonics of the scan frequency that can excite mechanical resonant modes of the positioning system, limiting the scan range and bandwidth. Hence, fast raster scanning often leads to image distortion. This paper proposes analysis and design methodologies for a nonlinear and smooth closed curve, known as Lissajous pattern, which allows much faster operations compared to the ordinary scan patterns. A simple closed-form measure is formulated for the image resolution of the Lissajous pattern. This enables us to systematically determine the scan parameters. Using internal model controllers (IMC), this non-raster scan method is implemented on a commercial atomic force microscope driven by a low resonance frequency positioning stage. To reduce the tracking errors due to actuator nonlinearities, higher order harmonic oscillators are included in the IMC controllers. This results in significant improvement compared to the traditional IMC method. It is shown that the proposed IMC controller achieves much better tracking performances compared to integral controllers when the noise rejection performances is a concern.