gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Relaying for Power Systems (2009)

This text/reference presents a comprehensive, up-to-date account of computer relaying in power systems, based in part on the author's extensive experience in the field. Provides background material on current relaying practices, and covers the mathematical foundations for relaying algorithms. Each chapter contains helpful illustrations, examples, and problems.
Satellite-based Internet: a tutorial (2001)

In a satellite-based Internet system, satellites are used to interconnect heterogeneous network segments and to provide ubiquitous direct Internet access to homes and businesses. This article presents satellite-based Internet architectures and discusses multiple access control, routing, satellite transport, and integrating satellite networks into the global Internet.
An introduction to I<sup>2</sup>C and SPI protocols (2009)

Today, at the low end of the communication protocols we find the inter-integrated circuit (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C) and the serial peripheral interface (SPI) protocols. Both protocols are well suited for communications between integrated circuits for slow communication with on-board peripherals. The two protocols coexist in modern digital electronics systems, and they probably will continue to compete in the future, as both I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C and SPI are actually quite complementary for this kind of communication.
The role of small-colony variants in failure to diagnose and treat biofilm infections in orthopedics (2007)

Biomaterial-related infection of joint replacements is the second most common cause of implant failure, with serious consequences. Chronically infected replacements cannot be treated without removal of the implant, as the biofilm mode of growth protects the bacteria against antibiotics. This review discusses biofilm formation on joint replacements and the important clinical phenomenon of small-colony variants (SCVs). These slow-growing phenotypic variants often remain undetected or are misdiagnosed using hospital microbiological analyses due to their unusual morphological appearance and biochemical reactions. In addition, SCVs make the infection difficult to eradicate. They often lead to recurrence since they respond poorly to standard antibiotic treatment and can sometimes survive intracellularly.
Evaluation of antirheumatic drugs for their effect in vitro on purified human synovial fluid phospholipase A2. (1991)

Agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis were examined for their ability to modify synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (SF-PLA2) activity. Nonsteroidal or steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and disease modifying agents exhibited little or no PLA2 modulatory activity. The exceptions include weak inhibition displayed by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin (IC50 = 144.8 microM) and sulindac sulfide (30.2 microM) and a 5-lipoxygenase translocation inhibitor, MK-886 (IC50 = 50 microM). Cyclosporine potentiated acylhydrolysis (EC50 = 1.5 microM) whereas the other immunomodulators examined demonstrated no significant effect on SF-PLA2 activity. Our data show that there are no selective PLA2 inhibitors currently used in the treatment of human arthritic disease and the viability of this novel approach remains to be tested.
Plantar Fasciitis: A Concise Review (2014)

One challenge in the treatment of plantar fasciitis is that very few high-quality studies exist comparing different treatment modalities to guide evidence-based management. Current literature suggests a change to the way that plantar fasciitis is managed. This article reviews the most current literature on plantar fasciitis and showcases recommended treatment guidelines. This serves to assist physicians in diagnosing and treating heel pain with plantar fasciitis.
Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/<i>f</i>noise (1987)

We show that dynamical systems with spatial degrees of freedom naturally evolve into a self-organized critical point. Flicker noise, or 1/f noise, can be identified with the dynamics of the critical state. This picture also yields insight into the origin of fractal objects.
A novel voltage sensing 1T/2MJT cell with resistance ratio for highly stable and scalable MRAM (2005)

We propose a new scalable MRAM cell that consists of one transistor (IT) and two magnetic tunnel junctions (2MTJ), and can sense voltage directly divided with resistance ratio of 2MTJ. This circuit scheme enables to use folded bit line architecture with fixed reference voltage resulting into stable operation. The cell operations are demonstrated using SPICE simulations based on the measured characteristics of the series connected two magnetic tunnel junctions.
Optimization of multi-photon event discrimination levels using Poisson statistics (2004)

In applications where random multi-photon events must be distinguishable from the background, detection of the signals must be based on either analog current measurement or photon counting and multi-level discrimination of single and multi-photon events. In this paper a novel method for optimizing photomultiplier (PMT) pulse discrimination levels in single- and multi-photon counting is demonstrated. This calibration method is based on detection of photon events in coincidence to short laser pulses. The procedure takes advantage of Poisson statistics of single- and mult-iphoton signals and it is applicable to automatic calibration of photon counting devices on production line. Results obtained with a channel photomultiplier (CPM) are shown. By use of three parallel discriminators and setting the discriminator levels according to the described method resulted in a linear response over wide range of random single- and multi-photon signals.
The Impact of Computer Technology on the Work of the Home office Forensic Science Service in the UK (1988)

This paper is a modified transcript of a lecture given to the 35th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences. The views expressed are those of the author.Over the last few years the number of computers in use in the UK Forensic Science Service has increased dramatically to a point where there are now approaching 200 computers in the Service. In this paper, I will indicate the areas in which these computers have made an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the UK Forensic Science Service (FSS). I will concentrate not on instrument control computers but rather on the way computers are used to aid the administration of casework and the interpretation of scientific findings.I will discuss problems that have been encountered in the use of computers within the FSS and present a tentative view of how things may develop in the future.
Conformation and aggregation of poly-L-proline in solution (1972)

Abstract Although a large number of physical techniques have been successfully used to investigate many of the properties of poly-L-proline, the work reported here has used a combination of osmometry, light scattering, viscometry, and sedimentation studies to reveal a new aspect of this model biopolymer. Experiments were made both on solutions (propionic acid) of poly-L-proline Form I and Form II and on solutions (propionic acid with a threefold dilution of n-propanol) in which Form II was in the process of converting to Form I. The results indicate that an increase in the measured molecular weight accompanies known optical activity and intrinsic viscosity changes which occur as Form II becomes Form I. It appears that the molecular weight determined at infinite dilution for poly-L-proline I is approximately twice that found for poly-L-proline II, and evidence for concentration-promoted aggregation beyond the level of a dimer has been noted in these Form I solutions. Based on these facts and on the information obtained about the particle shapes, it is proposed that this association occurs by a side-to-side binding of two macro-molecules. Discussion is directed toward how these experimental findings can be incorporated into the established concept of the Form I conformation. Light, scattering experiments were also performed on solutions (propionic acid 3 M in LiBr) in which the high-salt, or collapsed, form of poly-L-proline had been generated from either Form II or Form I material. These results showed that the dissolved particles are composed of single chains and are significantly smaller in size than found in solutions of either form and it appears possible that in the collapsed form poly-L-proline might be represented by rodlike macromolecules possessing trans-peptide bonds and a conformation with a relatively small helical pitch.
The effect of leucyl-leucine methyl ester on proliferation and Ig secretion of EBV-transformed human B lymphocytes. (1989)

The selective cytotoxicity of the lysosomotropic methyl esters of leucine or its lysosomal condensation product leucyl-leucine has been used to investigate the effect of cytolytic cells on the clonal outgrowth, cellular proliferation and antibody secretion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B cells. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL), monocytes, and a subset of T cells (CD8/CD11+) were permanently eliminated by the ester treatment. These lysosome-rich cells severely inhibit the clonal outgrowth of EBV-infected B cells, as determined by Poisson distribution calculations. Furthermore, leucyl-leucine methyl ester-treated and EBV-infected lymphocytes showed a significant increase in proliferative capability as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) production (three to 11 times) compared to non-treated but similarly infected lymphocytes. Since the effect of leucyl-leucine methyl ester treatment was also detectable in low-density (100 B cells/well) cultures, the suppression was unlikely to be exerted by EBV-specific T-cell clones, but pointed rather to the natural killer (NK) cells as effectors.
Randomised clinical study: GR-MD-02, a galectin-3 inhibitor, vs. placebo in patients having non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis (2016)

GR-MD-02 doses were in the upper range of the targeted therapeutic dose determined from pre-clinical data and were safe and well tolerated with evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect. These results provide support for a Phase 2 development programme in advanced fibrosis due to NASH.
Surgical and postoperative complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: 397 cases (1998–2001) (2003)

TPLO was associated with development of numerous complications, some of which required surgical correction. Most complications resolved with nonsurgical treatment. Several complications were unique to the TPLO procedure because of the surgical technique and implants required. Although TPLO was associated with a greater number of complications than other CCL stabilization methods, the incidence of major complications was similar.
Improvement of poly-Ge TFT characteristics by atomic hydrogen annealing (2015)

Ge thin film is expected as an active layer in a thin-film transistor (TFT) because the electron mobility of Ge is larger than that of Si. In this study, the crystallization of Ge thin film by soft X-ray irradiation and the improvement of interface property of poly-Ge/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in poly-Ge TFT by atomic hydrogen annealing (AHA) are investigated for realization of high-performance poly-Ge TFT. The drain current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) did not depend on the gate voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) before AHA treatment. However, as the AHA treatment time increased, the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> decreased and the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> came to depend on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> . The on/off ratio of 10 was obtained by AHA for 360 min. It is found that the defect density in poly-Ge film and at poly-Ge/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface can be reduced by AHA slightly.
Enhanced simulation of an RF ion funnel including gas turbulence (2015)

Electrodynamic ion funnels are used to enhance the transmission of ions in electrospray-based ion injection systems in 0.1 to 30 Torr pressure range. Jet disrupters are commonly employed to prevent droplets and high pressure jets from entering subsequent vacuum regions. This study presents the simulation and testing of an ion funnel containing a jet disrupter using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and SIMION ion trajectory simulations. Traditional modeling approaches have utilized approximations for the bulk fluid flow fields without including the time-varying nature of the turbulent flow present in the system, thus yielding idealized results. In this study, the fluid flow fields are calculated using CFD. In an effort to include time dependence, a random velocity vector, whose magnitude is proportional to the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy, was calculated at each time step and added to the velocity of the background gas. These simulations predicted that the transmitted ion current is effectively modulated by the variation of the jet disrupter voltage. The addition of the random velocity vector produced results that closely matched the experiments. The simulations yielded the dependence of the transmission on the jet disrupter voltage, and the voltage necessary for maximum ion throughput was accurately predicted. In addition, the magnitude of the predicted transmission closely matched that of the experimental results. This modeling approach could be extended to similar ion transport and filtering systems in which the effects of turbulent fluid flow cannot be ignored.
COX‐2 Inhibition: A Cautionary Note in Congestive Heart Failure (2000)

NSAIDs have been a mainstay of therapy for rheumatologic diseases for a number of years. Unfortunately, their use was accompanied by sometimes unacceptable gastrointestinal and/or renal side effects. Therefore, safer treatment options were sought. In the process of such a search, selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors were identified. Drugs in this class have anti-inflammatory properties similar to NSAIDs and did not produce anywhere near the same pattern of NSAID-related gastrotoxicity. The enthusiasm for this class of drugs would appear, at least on the surface, to be well grounded. However, establishing the renal side effect profile of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors would appear to be a work in progress. Formal studies with selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors have not been conducted in the congestive heart failure population. Information does though exist for other patient cohorts--similarly "prostaglandin-dependent" for their integrity of renal function, such as the elderly and sodium-deplete individual. These data would strongly suggest that the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors could decrease glomerular filtration rate and stimulate salt and water retention, comparable to what occurs with nonselective NSAIDs. To date, no compelling information exists, which supports the notion that differences exist among the currently available selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors--celecoxib and--in the potential to negatively impact renal function in this and similarly compromised patient populations. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.
Epigenetic changes: a common theme in acute myelogenous leukemogenesis (2013)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rather common disease, characterized by the presence of a clonal population of hematopoietic progenitor cells with impaired differentiation. Although traditionally AML has been considered the result of genetic alterations, more recently experimental evidence have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications are important in development and maintenance of leukemia cells. In this review we summarize current scientific knowledge of epigenetic alterations involved in leukemogenesis. We also highlight the developing of new technological strategies that are based on epigenetic processes and have been registered as Patents of Inventions in the United Nations dependent World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) and the main Patent offices worldwide.
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE LIFE-SPAN OF THE CORPORA LUTEA IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RABBIT (1970)

Summary. The life-span of corpora lutea (cl) of varying ages within the one rabbit was studied by an experimental procedure in which 2-day-old cl removed from donor rabbits were transferred beneath the kidney capsule of recipient rabbits. Within oestrous recipients, the cl were found to have a total life-span of approximately 17 days, which was similar to that of ovarian cl in the pseudopregnant rabbit. When the cl were transferred into 12-day pseudopregnant rabbits, their life-span was reduced to approximately 11 days and both the ovarian and transferred cl regressed at approximately the same time. It was suggested that a uterine factor may have caused the early regression of the transferred cl since hysterectomy at the time of transfer prolonged the life-span of each set of cl to approximately 23 to 27 days. In these animals, the cl regressed asynchronously. Prostaglandin F2α caused early regression of the ovarian cl when given to hysterectomized rabbits.
Growth-promoting effects of substance P on endothelial cells in vitro. Synergism with calcitonin gene-related peptide, insulin, and plasma factors. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the vasoactive perivascular neuropeptide substance P (SP) on the growth and function of vascular endothelial cells in serum-free culture conditions with cells quiescent in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle and to characterize the response. In addition, interactions between SP and other growth factors and neuropeptides including insulin, platelet factors, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied on endothelial cell growth and compared. Growth effects were determined by stimulation of tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA and cell proliferation. SP exhibited differential effects on cell growth that were a function of concentration, incubation time, interaction with other growth factors, and cell culture conditions. DNA synthesis in response to SP showed a bell-shaped distribution with a maximal effect that was 10.5-fold over control at 500 micrograms/mL of SP after 48 hours of incubation. The effect showed marked synergism with insulin (10 micrograms/mL) and with CGRP (0.01 to 10 micrograms/mL), which is colocalized with SP in vivo. Insulin and CGRP alone had no significant effect on endothelial cell growth. Furthermore, no synergism was observed between SP and platelet-derived growth factor or platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Endothelial cell proliferation increased in response to SP to 2.6-fold over control at 48 hours, was maximal at 10 micrograms/mL SP, and also demonstrated synergism with insulin (10 micrograms/mL). Our studies indicate that neuropeptides play a significant role in regulating endothelial cell growth and proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automatic Continuous Commissioning of Measurement Instruments in Air Handling Units (2006)

This paper presents a robust strategy based on a condition-based adaptive statistical method for automatic commissioning of measurement instruments typically employed in air-handling units (AHU). The multivariate statistic method, principal component analysis (PCA), is adopted and modified to monitor the air handling process. Two PCA models are built corresponding to the heat balance and pressure-flow balance of the air-handling process. Sensor faults can be detected and isolated using the Q-statistic and the Q-contribution plot. The fault isolation ability against typical component faults is improved using knowledge-based analysis. A novel condition-based adaptive scheme is developed to update the PCA models with the operation conditions for continuous online application. A commissioning tool is developed to implement the strategy. Simulation tests and field tests in a building in Hong Kong were conducted to validate the automatic commissioning strategy for typical AHU. The integration of the tool with a building management system (BMS) and its application is demonstrated.
Relating Electrolyte Concentration to Performance and Stability for NaTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>0.44</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries (2015)

In aqueous electrolyte batteries, the salt concentration of the electrolyte affects the ionic conductivity, which will further affect the rate performance of the battery as well as the diffusion of reactive species that can cause self-discharge, particularly in thick electrode devices. To this end, we explored the implications of device performance using Na0.44MnO2 cathode material, NaTi2(PO4)3, anode material in a NaClO4-based aqueous solutions with molarities as high as 5. Experiments included physical property characterizations, cyclic voltammetry, and constant current charging/discharging methods. Preliminary results indicate that, in cells with thick electrodes (∼1mm), rate capability and electrode utilization increased significantly with higher molarity solutions: capacity at the 1.5 C rate increased 38% by increasing the salt concentration from 1 M to 5 M. At the same time the oxygen-related self-discharge phenomenon was diminished when using higher electrolyte molarities, though there was still measurable loss in capacity in in the electrodes. Irreversible capacity loss was observed to occur even in electrolytes with the lowest oxygen content, suggesting that self discharge and capacity loss are not necessarily causally related.
Interpolating implicit surfaces from scattered surface data using compactly supported radial basis functions (2005)

We describe algebraic methods for creating implicit surfaces using linear combinations of radial basis interpolants to form complex models from scattered surface points. Shapes with arbitrary topology are easily represented without the usual interpolation or aliasing errors arising from discrete sampling. These methods were first applied to implicit surfaces by Savchenko, et al. and later developed independently by Turk and O'Brien as a means of performing shape interpolation. Earlier approaches were limited as a modeling mechanism because of the order of the computational complexity involved. We explore and extend these implicit interpolating methods to make them suitable for systems of large numbers of scattered surface points by using compactly supported radial basis interpolants. The use of compactly supported elements generates a sparse solution space, reducing the computational complexity and making the technique practical for large models. The local nature of compactly supported radial basis functions permits the use of computational techniques and data structures such as k-d trees for spatial subdivision, promoting fast solvers and methods to divide and conquer many of the subproblems associated with these methods. Moreover, the representation of complex models permits the exploration of diverse surface geometry. This reduction in computational complexity enables the application of these methods to the study of shape properties of large complex shapes.
Tumorigenic Potential of Olfactory Bulb-Derived Human Adult Neural Stem Cells Associates with Activation of TERT and NOTCH1 (2009)

Using culturing techniques described in current literature, NS/PCs arise from the OB of adult patients which in vivo either integrate in the CNS parenchyma showing neuron-like features or initiate tumor formation. Extensive xenografting studies on each human derived NS cell line appear mandatory before any use of these cells in the clinical setting.