gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Map-aided localization with lateral perception (2014)

Accurate localization of a vehicle is a challenging task as GPS available on the market are not designed for lane-level accuracy application. Although dead reckoning helps, cumulative errors from inertial sensors result in a integration drift. This paper presents a new method of localization based on sensors data fusion. An accurate digital map of the lane marking is used as a powerful additional sensor. Road markings are detected by processing two lateral cameras to estimate their distance to the vehicle. Coupled with the map data in a EKF filter it improves the ego-localization obtained with inertial and GPS measurements. The result is a vehicle localization at an ego-lane level of accuracy, with a lateral error of less than 10 centimeters.
Convenient preparative methods for <i>N</i>‐aryl‐γ‐pyridones from γ‐pyrones (1986)

Abstract 2‐Hydroxymethyl‐5‐methoxy‐4‐ H ‐pyran‐4‐one ( 1 ) reacts with aniline and six aniline derivatives in very dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid at reflux temperature to give the N ‐aryl‐γ‐pyridone. A second procedure utilizes the aromatic amine hydrochloride by reacting it with 1 in aqueous medium at reflux temperature. p‐N itroaniline hydrochloride and 1 give the N ‐aryl‐γ‐pyridone in 65% yield, as opposed to 12% from the dilute acid procedure.
A low-distortion GaAs variable attenuator IC for digital mobile communication system (2002)

This GaAs variable RF attenuator IC shows extremely low distortion with a single positive control voltage. The low-distortion characteristic is realized by employing octal-gate MESFET structures as the voltage-variable resistors. The measured results at 1 GHz show insertion loss lower than 2.5 dB, maximum attenuation over 20 dB and the 3rd order intermodulation distortion (IM3) lower than -50 dBc at 0 dBm input power. The return loss is lower than -30 dB in the whole attenuation range. The present GaAs variable attenuator IC is suitable for transmitting receiving power control for a variety of digital mobile communication systems such as TDMA or CDMA.
Correlation and channel capacity of MIMO systems employing multimode antennas (2002)

A novel way of exploiting higher modes of antennas as diversity branches in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is introduced. Essentially, antennas employing multiple modes offer characteristics similar to an antenna array, through multiple modes and using only a single element. The physical mechanism that yields different received signals is the fact that each mode has a different radiation pattern. Analytical expressions for the correlation between signals received by different modes are presented for a biconical and a circular microstrip antenna that employs higher order modes. It is found that the correlation is low enough to yield a significant diversity gain. Furthermore, the channel capacity of a MIMO system using a multimode antenna, i.e., an antenna employing multiple modes, is found to be comparable to the capacity of an array. Since only one element is needed, the multimode antenna offers several advantages over traditional arrays, and is an interesting antenna solution for future high capacity MIMO systems.
Finger-Vein Authentication Based on Wide Line Detector and Pattern Normalization (2010)

In the finger-vein authentication, there are two problems in practice. One is that the quality of the vein image will be reduced under bad environment conditions; the other is the irregular distortion of the image caused by the variance of the finger poses. Both problems raise the error ratios. In this paper, we introduced a wide line detector for feature extraction, which can obtain precise width information of the vein and increase the information of the extracted feature from low quality image. We also developed a new pattern normalization model based on a hypothesis that the finger's cross-sections are approximately ellipses and the vein that can be imaged is close to the finger surface. It can effectively reduce the distortion caused by the pose. In our experiment based on a database containing 50,700 images, our method shows advantages on dealing with the low quality data collected from the practical personal authentication system.
Surface Potential Difference Imaging Applied to Wet Clean Monitoring (2009)

The monitoring and optimization of wet clean and surface preparation processes is a major challenge in the microelectronics industry [1, 2]. Today, the main methods used in clean rooms are visual inspection by light scattering (principally applied to particle detection) and metallic contamination detection by Total-reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). These methods, despite good sensitivity and recent progress [3, 4] are not sufficient, especially considering non-visual defects not measurable by light scattering, nor TXRF due to their chemical nature or to their size and location (TXRF is not applicable to light elements – with Z < 11 – and is typically a 1 cm resolution tool, with 1 to 2 cm edge exclusion). Non-vibrating Surface Potential Difference Imaging (SPDI), introduced in 2005 under the name of ChemetriQ® is an in-line, non-contact, non-destructive inspection technique based on the imaging of surface Work Function (WF) lateral non-uniformities [5]. Recent studies show very promising results for SPDI: high sensitivity to traces of metals on Si wafers with native oxide [6]; fast imaging capabilities of unpatterned or patterned wafers with sensitivity to chemical residues and charge [7, 8]. In this work, the ChemetriQ method is evaluated for in-line control of wet clean processes. The variation of SPDI data from various contaminants is compared to intra- and inter-wafer variations related to the cleaning and measurement conditions. Note that all wafer maps are presented with the notch oriented at 6:00.
Analysis on the present conditions of agriculture technology market of Yunnan (2004)

This paper is basted on the importance of agriculture technology market, and analyses the present conditions of a-griculture technology and its market of Yunnan Pro., and there are great practical significance for agriculture progressing and agriculture technology improving.
Finding the fluoride: Examining how and why developmental relationships are the active ingredient in interventions that work. (2018)

Comments on an article by Megan M. Julian & Junlei Li (see record 2012-10324-001). Junlei Li and Megan Julian argued that a major and under appreciated factor in the success and failure of interventions intended to improve the lives of children and youth at risk is the degree to which those interventions promote what the authors called <i>developmental relationships</i>. They asserted that "developmental interventions produce desirable outcomes if and only if such interventions enhanced developmental relationships". To illustrate their hypothesis, Li and Julian compared the role of developmental relationships in effective interventions to the role that fluoride plays in toothpaste: it is the active ingredient that directly and most powerfully contributes to the intended outcome. Although inactive ingredients such as those that determine the color and taste of toothpaste add value, it is the active ingredient of fluoride that is essential for fighting cavities. In the context of interventions for youth at risk, Li and Julian argued that rather than focusing on the active ingredient of relationships, strategies too often focus on "inactive ingredients" such as performance incentives, systems for holding employees accountable for performance, and the creation of new curricula. (PsycINFO Database Record
Automated test case generation from domain specific models of high-level requirements (2015)

Model-based software development has been shown to improve productivity and quality of software through automation. This involves using abstractions or models at several stages of development. This work reports on preliminary attempts to automate the generation of test cases from software requirement models using an industrial case study. The requirements are represented using a modeling notation and test cases are automatically generated using model to text transformation techniques.
Immune stress in late pregnant rats decreases length of gestation and fecundity, and alters later cognitive and affective behaviour of surviving pre-adolescent offspring (2011)

Immune challenge during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth and poor perinatal development. The mechanisms of these effects are not known. 5α-Pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), the neuroactive metabolite of progesterone, is critical for neurodevelopment and stress responses, and can influence cognition and affective behaviours. To develop an immune challenge model of preterm birth, pregnant Long-Evans rat dams were administered lipopolysaccharide [LPS; 30 μg/kg/ml, intraperitoneal (IP)], interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 1 μg/rat, IP) or vehicle (0.9% saline, IP) daily on gestational days 17-21. Compared to control treatment, prenatal LPS or IL-1β reduced gestational length and the number of viable pups born. At 28-30 days of age, male and female offspring of mothers exposed to prenatal IL-1β had reduced cognitive performance in the object recognition task compared to controls. In females, but not males, prenatal IL-1β reduced anxiety-like behaviour, indicated by entries to the centre of an open field. In the hippocampus, progesterone turnover to its 5α-reduced metabolites was lower in prenatally exposed IL-1β female, but not in male offspring. IL-1β-exposed males and females had reduced oestradiol content in hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and diencephalon compared to controls. Thus, immune stress during late pregnancy reduced gestational length and negatively impacted birth outcomes, hippocampal function and central neurosteroid formation in the offspring.
Analysis of hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading (1999)

We use a novel virtual branch technique to succinctly derive the mean and variance of the combiner output signal-to-noise ratio for hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in a multipath-fading environment.
Characteristics of adolescents charged with homicide: Review of 72 cases (1987)

Abstract The present study examined a comparatively large sample of 72 adolescents charged with murder who were referred for pretrial evaluation in the State of Michigan over a 9‐year period. Subjects are compared with a control group of 35 adolescents charged with nonviolent larceny offenses. Information regarding the adolescents' demographic and social background, and the circumstances of the offense, are presented. Recognition of the diverse motives and circumstances of adolescent homicide may help to explain discrepant characterizations of them presented in the literature.
Neuartige Cycloadditionsreaktionen von 2‐ und 4‐Vinylpyridin mit N‐Alkyl‐maleinimiden (1973)

Abstract 4‐Vinylpyridine ( 1a ) combines with 3 moles of dienophilic N‐alkyl‐maleinimides ( 2 ) in the presence of polymerization inhibitors. The first step of the reaction probably consists of 1:1‐addition with participation of an aromatic double bond, comparable to the analogous behavior of styrene and its derivatives under similar conditions. The unstable intermediates 3 , like other Schiff bases (imines), add 2 further moles of the N‐alkyl‐maleinimides forming the spiro compounds 4 . These are split in an acidic medium into the N‐alkyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐7,8‐dicarboximides ( 5 ), and N,N′‐dialkyl‐2‐butene‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic 1,2,:3,4‐diimides ( 6 ). LiAlH 4 reduction of these two types of compounds leads to N‐alkyl‐1 H‐(3,4‐d)‐pyrrolo‐2,3,3a,4,5,9b‐hexahydroisoquinolines ( 7 ) and to N,N′dialkyl‐3,3′‐bipyrrolidyls ( 8A ) and their dehydro‐products 8B , respectively. From the reaction of 2‐vinylpyridine ( 1b ) with N‐alkyl‐maleinimides ( 2 ) the 1:2‐addition products 9 can be isolated in the presence of polymerization inhibitors, which are derivatives of N‐alkyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline‐5,6‐dicarboximides ( 9 ). This again corresponds to the reaction type of cycloadditions with styrene. Furthermore 1:3 adducts are formed which according to 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR.‐data most likely have the structure 10 , representing a new type of cycloaddition involving the pyridine nitrogen.
Changes of Salt and Calcium Concentration in Radish during Salting (1988)

Salt penetration, moisture effluence and elution of calcium of radish were investigated during salting in salt solution. The desirable salt concentration of kimchis were also evaluated by sensory method. Among 20 samples collected from domestic and commercially prepared kimchis, 8 samples were found to be desirable salt concentration having the concentration range of . Moisture and calcium diffused from radish tissue were increased as the salt concentration increased. The proper salting time were estimated to be two hours at 3%, one hour at 5% and 30 minutes at 10% of salt at . Salting at high concentration shortened the salting time but brought a significant calcium loss.
Multiple spanning tree protocols in 10-Gb Ethernet edge system (2002)

The IEEE 802.1D STP is a kind of layer 2 link management protocol which provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops in the network. And it is based on all spanning tree protocols using an algorithm that calculates the best loop-free path through the network. The IEEE 802.1W RSTP provides rapid convergence comparing to 802.1D STP and the IEEE 802.1S MSTP allows frames assigned to different VLANs to follow separate paths, each based on an independent Multiple Spanning Tree Instance, within Multiple Spanning Tree Regions composed of LANs and or MST Bridges offering RSTP feature. These regions and the other Bridges and LANs are connected into one common spanning tree about three types of STPs.
System level design paradigms (2004)

Embedded system level design must be based on paradigms that make formal foundations and unification a cornerstone of their construction. Platform-Based designs and communication synthesis are important components of the paradigm shift we advocate.Communication synthesis is a fundamental productivity tool in a design methodology where reuse is enforced. Communication design in a reuse methodology starts with a set of functional requirements and constraints on the interaction among components and then proceeds to build protocols, topology, and physical implementations that satisfy requirements and constraints while optimizing appropriate measures of efficiency of the implementation. Maximum efficiency can be reached when the communication specifications are entered at high levels of abstraction and the design process optimizes the implementation from this specification. Unfortunately, this process is very difficult if it is not cast in a rigorous framework. Platform-Based design helps define a successive refinement process where each step can be carried out automatically and optimized appropriately. We present two cases, an on-chip and a wireless sensor network design, where the resulting methodology gave encouraging results.
Contributors, Aug. 1972 (1972)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1 850 000) of three French regions (1988–1989)* (1991)

To estimate the prevalence and main causes of infertility, a multicentre survey was conducted over 1 year (July 1988-June 1989) in three regions of France. All the 1686 couples in these regions, who consulted a practitioner for primary or secondary infertility during this period, were included in the investigation. The prevalence rate of infertility was found to be 14.1%, indicating that one woman out of seven in France will consult a doctor for an infertility problem during her reproductive life. The main causes of female infertility were ovulation disorders (32%) and tubal damage (26%), and of male infertility oligo-terato-asthenozoospermia (21%), asthenozoospermia (17%), teratozoospermia (10%) and azoospermia (9%). Infertility was also found to be caused by disorders in both the male and female partners together; thus in 39% of cases both the man and woman presented with disorders. The woman alone was responsible for infertility in one-third of cases and the man alone in one-fifth. Unexplained infertility was found in 8% of the couples surveyed.
Small Molecule Detection in Saliva Facilitates Portable Tests of Marijuana Abuse (2016)

As medical and recreational use of cannabis, or marijuana, becomes more prevalent, law enforcement needs a tool to evaluate whether drivers are operating vehicles under the influence of cannabis, specifically the psychoactive substance, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, the cutoff concentration of THC that causes impairment is still controversial, and current on-site screening tools are not sensitive enough to detect trace amounts of THC in oral fluids. Here we present a novel sensing platform that employs giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensors integrated with a portable reader system and smartphone to detect THC in saliva using competitive assays. With a simple saliva collection scheme, we have optimized the assay to measure THC in the range from 0 to 50 ng/mL, covering most cutoff values proposed in previous studies. This work facilitates on-site screening for THC and shows potential for testing of other small molecule drugs and analytes in point-of-care (POC) settings.
Structural Basis for Peptide Binding in Protein Kinase A (2003)

For optimal activity the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase requires a phosphate on Thr-197. This phosphate anchors the activation loop in the proper conformation and contributes to catalytic efficiency by enhancing the phosphoryl transfer rate and increasing the affinity for ATP (1). The crystal structure of the catalytic subunit bound to ATP, and the inhibitor peptide, IP20, highlights the contacts made by the Thr-197 phosphate as well as the role adjacent residues play in contacting the substrate peptide. Glu-203 and Tyr-204 interact with arginines in the consensus sequence of PKA substrates at the P-6 and P-2 positions, respectively. To assess the contribution that each residue makes to peptide recognition, the kinetic properties of three mutant proteins (E203A, Y204A, and Y204F) were monitored using multiple peptide substrates. The canonical peptide substrate, Kemptide, as well as a longer 9-residue peptide and corresponding peptides with alanine substitutions at the P-6 and P-2 positions were used. While the effect of Glu-203 is more localized to the P-6 site, Tyr-204 contributes to global peptide recognition. An aromatic hydrophobic residue is essential for optimal peptide recognition and is conserved throughout the protein kinase family.
Gender Differences In Spatial Navigation (2007)

This study aims to investigate the gender differences in spatial navigation using the tasks of 2-D matrix navigation and recognition of real driving scene. The results can be summarized as followings. First, female subjects responded faster in 2-D matrix navigation task than male subjects when landmark instructions were provided. Second, in recognition task, male subjects recognized the key elements involved in the past driving scene more accurately than female subjects. In particular, female subjects tended to miss peripheral information. These results suggest the possibility of gender differences in spatial navigation.
Bayesian Inversion of Concentration Data for an Unknown Number of Contaminant Sources (2007)

In this paper, we address the inverse problem of source reconstruction for the di cult case of multiple sources when the number of sources is unknown a priori . The problem is solved using a Bayesian probabilistic inferential framework in which Bayesian probability theory is used to derive the posterior probability density function for the number of sources and for the parameters (e.g., location, emission rate, release duration) that characterize each source. A mapping (or, source receptor relationship) that relates a multiple source distribution to the concentration data measured by the array of sensors is formulated based on a forward-time Lagrangian stochastic model. A computationally e cient methodology for determination of the likelihood function for the problem, based on an adjoint representation of the source receptor relationship and realized in terms of a backward-time Lagrangian stochastic model, is described. An e cient computational algorithm based on a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is formulated and implemented to draw samples from the posterior density function of the source parameters. This methodology allows the MCMC method to jump between the hypothesis spaces corresponding to di erent numbers of sources in the source distribution and, thereby, allows a sample from the full joint posterior distribution of the number of sources and source parameters to be obtained. The proposed methodology for source reconstruction is tested using synthetic concentration data generated for cases involving two and three unknown sources.
Feasibility of Measuring Relative Right Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction with Implantable Rhythm Control Devices (1993)

Ejection fraction (EF), the ratio between stroke volume (SV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV), is a valuable contractility indicator. Unlike SV, the Frank-Starling effect is automatically compensated in the calculation of EF. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the physiological behavior of impedance derived measurements of relative right ventricular (RV) volumes and EF, obtained with standard pacing leads. Seven patients were evaluated at the time of pacemaker implant or replacement. Since no absolute standard of comparison was available for RV volumes, the value of the measurements was assessed by observing their behavior under cardio-circulatory challenges. A 2.5-kHz carrier was fed to the ring and tip electrodes of standard bipolar pacing leads and the resulting voltage was digitized and stored. The peak-to-peak voltage (PPV) of the carrier at the time of QRS was used as EDV, and the largest PPV as end-systolic volume (ESV). Relative SV was the difference between EDV and ESV, and EF = SV/EDV x 100. Pacing was used to reduce EDV, and the effect of contractility was tested with isometric hand grip, recumbent leg exercise, or isoproterenol drip. Only minimal changes in EF were noted during incremental pacing; relative SV and EDV decreased as expected; and EF increased significantly during contractility challenges. A high correlation coefficient was observed between EDV and SV changes induced by incremental pacing at rest (r values from 0.62 to 0.98, P from < 0.01 to 0.001). The study revealed that impedance volumetry, utilizing conventional bipolar pacing leads, yields useful hemodynamic data related to EDV, ESV, and EF. Given the simplicity of the method, it is reasonable to conclude on the feasibility of using said impedance derived hemodynamic parameters in implantable rhythm control devices.