gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Half-Terahertz SiGe BiCMOS technology (2012)

This paper addresses the integration of a new generation of high-speed SiGe HBTs with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> / f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 300/500 GHz and minimum CML ring oscillator gate delays of 2.0 ps in a 0.13 μm BiCMOS technology. Technological measures for improving the speed of the HBTs compared to our first 0.13 μm BiCMOS generation are discussed. These include scaling of lateral device dimensions and doping profiles as well as a reduced thermal budget and reduced salicide resistance.
Clearance of extracellular misfolded proteins in systemic amyloidosis: Experience with transthyretin (2012)

Increasing evidence indicates that accumulation of misfolded proteins in the form of oligomers, protofibrils or amyloid fibrils, and their consequences in triggering intracellular signaling cascades with toxic consequences represent unifying events in many of slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Studies with small compounds or molecules, known to recognize and disrupt amyloidogenic structures, have proven efficient in promoting clearance of protein aggregates in experimental models of systemic and localized forms of amyloidoses. Doxycycline and EGCG were efficient in removing aggregates in pre-clinical studies in a transgenic mouse model for transthyretin (TTR) systemic amyloidosis and represent an opportunity to address mechanisms and key players in deposit removal. Extracellular chaperones, such as clusterin and metalloproteinases play an important role in this process.
Scale (1974)

The scale at which any activity takes place affects not only its cost of production but also its level of profitability. Since considerations of cost and profitability underlie both optimising and satisficing behaviour, the factor of scale becomes a significant element in the decision-making process.
Analysis of the Effect of Bulk at N2-Alkylguanine DNA Adducts on Catalytic Efficiency and Fidelity of the Processive DNA Polymerases Bacteriophage T7 Exonuclease- and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2004)

The N-2 atom of guanine (G) is susceptible to modification by various carcinogens. Oligonucleotides with increasing bulk at this position were analyzed for fidelity and catalytic efficiency with the processive DNA polymerases human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, reverse transcriptase (RT), and bacteriophage T7 exonuclease(-) (T7(-)). RT and T7(-) effectively bypassed N(2)-methyl(Me)G and readily extended primers but were strongly blocked by N(2)-ethyl(Et)G, N(2)-isobutylG, N(2)-benzylG, and N(2)-methyl(9-anthracenyl)G. Steady-state kinetics of single nucleotide incorporation by RT and T7(-) showed a decrease of 10(3) in k(cat)/K(m) for dCTP incorporation opposite N(2)-MeG and a further large decrease opposite N(2)-EtG. Misincorporation frequency was increased 10(2)-10(3)-fold by a Me group and another approximately 10(3)-fold by an Et group. dATP was preferentially incorporated opposite bulky N(2)-alkylG molecules. N(2)-MeG attenuated the pre-steady-state kinetic bursts with RT and T7(-), and N(2)-EtG eliminated the bursts. Large elemental effects with thio-dCTP(alphaS) were observed with N(2)-EtG (6- and 72-fold decreases) but were much less with N(2)-MeG, indicating that the N(2)-Et group may affect the rate of the chemistry step (phosphodiester bond formation). Similar values of K(d(dCTP)) and K(d(DNA)) and k(off) rates of DNA substrates from RT and T7(-) indicate that ground-state binding and dissociation rates are not considerably affected by the bulk. We conclude that even a Me group at the guanine N-2 atom can cause a profound interfering effect on the fidelity and efficiency; an Et or larger group causes preferential misincorporation and strong blockage of replicative polymerases, probably at and before the chemistry step, demonstrating the role of bulk in DNA lesions.
A Randomized, Evaluator-Blinded, Two-Center Study of the Safety and Effect of Volume on the Diffusion and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Lateral Orbital Rhytides (2007)

BACKGROUND There has been considerable discussion about the effect of the degree of dilution of botulinum toxin (BTX) but very few scientific studies. OBJECTIVE The objective was to observe as to whether a fivefold difference in concentration of BTX solution would produce a difference in clinical effect or duration of effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty individuals were enrolled at two sites and a within-subject paired-comparison study was performed on the lateral orbital area with a single injection of 5 U of BTX (BOTOX Cosmetic, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA). The results were assessed both clinically and using a computer-assisted estimation of the degree of wrinkling. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between the two sides. CONCLUSIONS This is a small study and it may be that dilution does affect BTX result. We were, however, unable to detect any difference in this study, which suggests that the degree of dilution, at least within a fivefold margin, has only a small effect on the results of BTX injection in the lateral orbital area.
[A crustacean-specific neurotoxin from the venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus]. (1990)

A method of the isolation of a crustacea-specific neurotoxin from the venom of the Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus spider by means of ion exchange chromatography on Mono Q and Mono S columns and hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Superose column has been developed. LD50 of the toxin has been elucidated.
A power optimized 13-bit 5M samples/s pipelined analog to digital converter in 1.2 μm CMOS (2002)

A 13-bit 5-MHz pipelined analog to digital converter (ADC) was designed with the goal of minimizing power dissipation. Power was reduced by using a high swing residue amplifier architecture and by optimizing the per stage resolution. The prototype device fabricated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process displayed 80.1 dB peak SNDR and 82.9 dB dynamic range. INL is 0.8 LSB and DNL is 0.3 LSB for a 100 kHz input. The circuit dissipates 166 mW on a 5 V supply.
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-<i>as</i>-triazines. II. Condensation of β-Aminoalkylhydrazines with Iminoesters and Orthoesters (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-as-triazines. II. Condensation of β-Aminoalkylhydrazines with Iminoesters and OrthoestersDonald L. Trepanier, Jack E. Richman, and Allan D. RudzikCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 2, 228–231Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00314a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00314a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of biomechanical properties and morphogenesis of <i>in vitro</i> tissue engineered cartilage (1995)

Neocartilage was engineered by culturing bovine chondrocytes on poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibrous nonwoven scaffolds. The biomechanical properties and morphologies of the PGA-chondrocyte constructs were studied over 12 weeks of in vitro culture. PGA scaffolds without cells lost their mechanical strength and structural integrity between week 2 and week 3 in culture. The thickness of the PGA-chondrocyte constructs decreased by 35% during the first 3 weeks, but the thickness increased from week 3 to week 9 to a thickness 42% higher than that of the starting scaffolds, which was then maintained. Safranin O staining of PGA-chondrocyte constructs revealed increasing proteoglycan formation over time. The compressive modules of PGA-chondrocyte constructs increased with in vitro culture time, and reached the same order of magnitude as that of normal bovine cartilage at week 9. The aggregate modulus of the PGA-chondrocyte constructs decreased by 57% over the first 2 weeks but then increased, reaching the same order of magnitude as normal bovine cartilage at week 12. The apparent permeability of the PGA-chondrocyte constructs, which was initially four orders of magnitude above that of normal cartilage, decreased between weeks 1 and 3 and thereafter remained the same order of magnitude as that measured for normal cartilage.
Calcimimetic agents and the calcium-sensing receptor (2000)

Blood ionized extracellular calcium is closely regulated. To accomplish this, a hormone-like receptor that is responsive to extracellular ionized calcium regulates both the secretion of parathyroid hormone and the excretion of urinary calcium (as well as other cellular processes). Several hereditary disorders have mutations that cause either loss or gain of function of the calcium-sensing receptor, and alterations of the calcium-sensing receptor may play a role in both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcimimetics are agents that act to make the calcium-sensing receptor more sensitive to extracellular ionized calcium; thereby they suppress the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Early trials in animal models of secondary hyperparathyroidism and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism have shown that the first generation calcimimetic, R-568, effectively lowers parathyroid hormone levels and is well tolerated.
Real-time Population of Knowledge Bases: Opportunities and Challenges (2012)

Dynamic content is a frequently accessed part of the Web. However, most information extraction approaches are batch-oriented, thus not effective for gathering rapidly changing data. This paper proposes a model for fact extraction in real-time. Our model addresses the difficult challenges that timely fact extraction on frequently updated data entails. We point out a naive solution to the main research question and justify the choices we make in the model we propose.
Field-deployable rapid multiple biosensing system for detection of chemical and biological warfare agents (2018)

Abstract The threat of biological and chemical terror acts remains a growing worldwide concern. There is therefore a need to develop appropriate technology for the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents, with early identification intended for use by first responders. Here, we disclose the developed autonomous air sampling and detection system for evaluation of the presence of chemical and biological warfare agents that can be harmful to the population. The current device utilizes the designed mist generator-assisted air collection system (338 l min −1 ) and biosensing chip technologies, such as electrochemical measurement, Au nanoparticle-based localized surface plasmon resonance, and rapid microfluidic chip PCR for detection of minute concentrations lower than the mean lethal dose (LD 50 ) of nerve gases (sarin and VX), toxic proteins (BTX/A/Hc and ricin), and pathogens (anthrax simulant). An operation time of only 5–15 min is needed for the collection and detection; sample preparation is already integrated into the system without the need for direct human intervention. In addition to the system’s sensitivity and ease of use, its portability makes it highly beneficial for first responders, which could aid in immediate risk assessment and mitigation of on-site events.
BIND: the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (2003)

The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND: http://bind.ca) archives biomolecular interaction, complex and pathway information. A webbased system is available to query, view and submit records. BIND continues to grow with the addition of individual submissions as well as interaction data from the PDB and a number of large-scale interaction and complex mapping experiments using yeast two hybrid, mass spectrometry, genetic interactions and phage display. We have developed a new graphical analysis tool that provides users with a view of the domain composition of proteins in interaction and complex records to help relate functional domains to protein interactions. An interaction network clustering tool has also been developed to help focus on regions of interest. Continued input from users has helped further mature the BIND data specification, which now includes the ability to store detailed information about genetic interactions. The BIND data specification is available as ASN.1 and XML DTD.
On the Accuracy of Scalar Approximation Technique in Optical Fiber Analysis (1980)

The accuracy of the scalar approximation technique in optical fiber analysis is investigated in detail. The scalar approximate solutions are compared numberically with the vector (rigorous) solutions for various linear refractive-index distributions, and several interesting features which are of practical importance are pointed out.
ChemInform Abstract: Early Transition Metal (Group 3‐5, Lanthanides and Actinides) and Main Group Metal (Group 1, 2 and 13) Catalyzed Hydroamination (2013)

Abstract Review: 267 refs.
Expression of meningococcal epitopes in LamB of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and the stimulation of serosubtype‐specific antibody responses (1993)

The class 1 outer membrane protein (OMP), a major variable surface antigen of Neisseria meningitidis, is a component of novel meningococcal vaccines currently in field trials. Serological variants of the protein are also used to serosubtype meningococci. Most of the amino acid changes that give rise to antigenic variants of the protein occur in two variable regions (VR1 and VR2) that are thought to form loops on the cell surface. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the nucleotide sequences encoding VR1 and VR2 from the chromosomal DNA of N. meningitidis strain M1080. These were cloned in frame into the lamB gene of the Escherichia coli expression vector pAJC264. Whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using monoclonal antibodies, and SDS-PAGE confirmed that, upon induction, strains of E. coli carrying these constructs expressed hybrid LamB proteins containing the N. meningitidis surface loops. These strains were used to immunize rabbits and the resultant polyclonal antisera reacted specifically with the class 1 OMP of reference strain M1080 (P1.7). Immunogold labelling of meningococcal cells and whole-cell dot-blot analyses with these antisera showed that the variable epitopes were exposed on the cell surface and confirmed that this approach could be used to obtain serosubtype-specific antisera. The binding profiles of the antisera were determined from their reactions with overlapping synthetic peptides and their reactivity compared with that of relevant serosubtype-specific monoclonal antibodies. This approach was used successfully to raise antisera against two other class 1 OMP VR2s. A fourth antiserum raised against a VR2, including the P1.1 epitope, was not subtype specific.
Neurologic indications for therapeutic plasma exchange: 2011 update (2012)

Neurologists commonly use therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to treat a number of conditions. This concise review considers the most common neurologic indications for TPE. It focuses on Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis and also the role of TPE in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, paraproteinemic polyneuropathy, Sydenham's chorea, and natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. As with any treatment, the proven efficacy, cost, side effects, and availability must be considered before initiation of therapy.
Modelado de sistemas de electrolisis alcalina para la producción de hidrógeno a partir de energías renovables (2018)

En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo y validacion experimental de un modelo matematico para predecir el comportamiento electroquimico de un sistema de electrolisis alcalina, bajo diferentes condiciones de operacion como son temperatura de funcionamiento, presion y concentracion de electrolito. El modelo propuesto es un modelo semi-empirico que permite calcular el voltaje total de un electrolizador en funcion de la intensidad de corriente, empleando tanto principios fisicos relacionados con el proceso de electrolisis, como metodos de ajuste estadistico. Los diferentes parametros definidos para el modelo han sido calculados por medio de una regresion no lineal, utilizando MATLAB, a partir de los datos experimentales obtenidos en los diferentes ensayos realizados en un banco de ensayos de celdas de electrolisis alcalina.
Human Science and User Experience (2013)

The human sciences explore life and its activities. The meteoric rise of the mobile phone and the Internet would not have been possible without focusing on the creation of new technologies that offer greater ease of use, accessibility, and end user engagement. Disciplines such as human computer interaction and interaction design have made dramatic contributions to these technologies. The user-centric approach has also impacted marketing strategies: Many organizations now seek to be close to their customers and design their research activities around understanding the use of their products in today's society. Companies and centers of innovation seek to design new technologies that will provide best-inclass experiences [9]. The traditional conception of value creation can no longer leave users outside the company [10]. Today's user is an informed, networked, empowered, and active consumer.
Estrogen Therapy for Osteoporosis: Is It Effective? (1990)

Although the bone-sparing effect of estrogen replacement appears to be universal, osteoporosis does not develop in all women. Who should be treated, when, and for how long? Guidelines from available data are given. For women with established osteoporosis, estrogen therapy is definitely not appropriate, but a new multiple-agent protocol has shown promising results.
Career Influences, Expectations, and Perceptions of Caribbean Hospitality and Tourism Students: A Third World Perspective (1992)

(1992). Career Influences, Expectations, and Perceptions of Caribbean Hospitality and Tourism Students: A Third World Perspective. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 9-56.
Embryonal carcinoma cell induction of miRNA and mRNA changes in co‐cultured prostate stromal fibromuscular cells (2010)

The prostate stromal mesenchyme controls organ-specific development. In cancer, the stromal compartment shows altered gene expression compared to non-cancer. The lineage relationship between cancer-associated stromal cells and normal tissue stromal cells is not known. Nor is the cause underlying the expression difference. Previously, the embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, NCCIT, was used by us to study the stromal induction property. In the current study, stromal cells from non-cancer (NP) and cancer (CP) were isolated from tissue specimens and co-cultured with NCCIT cells in a trans-well format to preclude heterotypic cell contact. After 3 days, the stromal cells were analyzed by gene arrays for microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression. In co-culture, NCCIT cells were found to alter the miRNA and mRNA expression of NP stromal cells to one like that of CP stromal cells. In contrast, NCCIT had no significant effect on the gene expression of CP stromal cells. We conclude that the gene expression changes in stromal cells can be induced by diffusible factors synthesized by EC cells, and suggest that cancer-associated stromal cells represent a more primitive or less differentiated stromal cell type.
The effect of <scp>L</scp>‐fucose on rat mammary tumor growth. I. <i>In vivo</i> studies (1971)

Abstract Thirty female Lewis‐Wistar rats, each 150–200 g, received equal amounts of chemically induced transplantable mammary tumor. Fifteen of the rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg L‐fucose, while the remaining 15, serving as controls, received saline. The injections were begun the day of tumor implantation and continued for a total of 10 days. All animals were sacrificed on the fifteenth day, Tumor growth, as determined by mean diameter, was significantly suppressed in the experimental group. Serum and tumor levels of fucose were increased in the treated animals as compared to the control animals. These findings suggest retention of fucose, which may play a role in the inhibition of growth of this mammary tumor.
Defibrillation of 100 kg calves with asymmetrical, bidirectional, rectangular pulses (1984)

The effectiveness in reversing ventricular fibrillation of 30 s duration of asymmetrical, bidirectional, rectangular waveforms in which the lagging half-cycle has the same duration but lower amplitude than the leading portion of the waveform was evaluated in a 2160-episode study involving anaesthetised calves. An additional 480-episode auxiliary study involved the interlacing of unidirectional and bidirectional wave episodes. The leading half-cycles of the 18 bidirectional waveforms evaluated were 35 A at 8 and 16 ms, 50 A at 4 and 8 ms, and 70 A at 2 and 4 ms. Associated with each of the six leading half-cycle configurations were lagging half-cycles having reverse current levels of 1/8th, 1/4th, and 1/2 of the leading half-cycle current amplitudes. Six waveforms were successful in 97% or more of the transthoracic episodes. Of these, three were 100% successful. Our data, when combined with those from earlier unidirectional and symmetrical, bidirectional, rectangular waveform studies, suggest that a broad category of bidirectional rectangular shocks are superior to the most favourable unidirectional rectangular shock.
Efficient, High-Average-Power, Liquid-Nitrogen-Cooled Ti:Al2O3 Laser (1989)

A high-average-power, efficient, single-transverse-mode Ti:Al2O3 laser suitable both for mode-locked operation and for long-pulsed, high-power pumping without damage to the laser crystal has been built using a large focal spot and liquid nitrogen cooling. A Ti:Al2O3 laser pumped by a 20-W argon-ion laser demonstrates a seven fold increase in power on cooling from 300 K to 77 K and has been mode-locked. This laser was also pumped by a 0.4-J, 150-μs long pulse in which liquid nitrogen cooling increased output power by a factor of four.