gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early resolution of address translation in cache design (2002)

The authors describe a synonym-resolution mechanism based on highly accurate real address-prediction methods prior to the completion of address generation. The prediction method uses the contents of the base registers and proper history tables. Such early resolution of translation information may allow a more efficient implementation of high-performance processors. Several techniques were developed and evaluated by trace-based simulations. The feasibility of achieving over 98% accuracy of prediction with reasonable approaches is demonstrated. Early resolution of translation information can be rather critical for certain high-performance processor designs. In practice, such results should be realized with careful design in order to effectively reduce the critical path for cache accessing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Are public opinion polls self-fulfilling prophecies? (2014)

Psychologists have long observed that people conform to majority opinion, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the ‘bandwagon effect’. In the political domain people learn about prevailing public opinion via ubiquitous polls, which may produce a bandwagon effect. Newer types of information – published probabilities derived from prediction market contract prices and aggregated polling summaries – may have similar effects. Consequently, polls can become self-fulfilling prophecies whereby majorities, whether in support of candidates or policies, grow in a cascading manner. Despite increased attention to whether the measurement of public opinion can itself affect public opinion, the existing empirical literature is surprisingly limited on the bandwagon effects of polls. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment on a diverse national sample in which we randomly assigned people to receive information about different levels of support for three public policies. We find that public opinion as expressed through polls affects individual-level attitudes, although the size of the effect depends on issue characteristics.
Increased Frequency of the Uncommon Tumor Necrosis Factor − 857T Allele in British and Dutch Patients with Sarcoidosis (2002)

Interindividual variation in the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha suggests the existence of functionally distinct TNF alleles, which might play a role in sarcoidosis. We investigated five potentially functional biallelic TNF promoter polymorphisms at nucleotide positions -1,031(T/C), -863(C/A), -857(C/T), -307(G/A), and -237(G/A) in two clinically well-defined groups of white patients (British [UK] and Dutch [NL]) with sarcoidosis, each with their own control subjects. Polymorphisms were determined using SSP-PCR. A total of 772 individuals were studied (96 UK patients, 354 UK control subjects, 100 NL patients, 222 NL controls). A significant increase in the rarer TNF -857T allele was found in both sarcoidosis populations. In total 25.5% of the sarcoid patients carried the TNF -857T allele versus 14.1% of the control subjects (p = 0.003, p(c) = 0.02). In the sarcoidosis group the allele frequency of this polymorphism was 13.5% versus 7.3% in the control subjects (p = 0.0003, p(c) = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in the rarer TNF -307A (TNF-2) allele in patients with Löfgren's syndrome (p = 0.006, p(c) = 0.03). Our finding does not necessarily imply that the two polymorphisms relate to different functions; it may be that one or both are in linkage disequilibrium with the causal site. This requires further studies of functionality and linkage disequilibrium.
Possible Involvement of Photoperiodic Regulation in Reproductive Endocrine System of Female Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. (2015)

This study investigated possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of female olive flounder. To investigate the influence on brain-pituitary axis in endocrine system by regulating photoperiod, compared expression level of Kisspeptin and sbGnRH mRNA in brain and FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA in pituitary before and after spawning. Photoperiod was treated natural photoperiod and long photoperiod (15L:9D) conditions from Aug. 2013 to Jun. 2014. Continuous long photoperiod treatment from Aug. (post-spawning phase) was inhibited gonadal development of female olive flounder. In natural photoperiod group, the Kiss2 expression level a significant declined in Mar. (spawning period). And also, FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA expression levels were increasing at this period. However, in long photoperiod group, hypothalamic Kiss2, FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA expression levels did not show any significant fluctuation. These results suggest that expression of hypothalamic Kiss2, GtH and GH in the pituitary would change in response to photoperiod and their possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of the BPG axis.
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a malignancy of anti-self B cells (1996)

B -CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common leukemia in the western world.It is characterized by the relentless accumulation of mature CD5+ B cells' (B1 B cells, according to the new nomenclature') and by a remarkably high frequency of autoimmune phen~mena,~ For these reasons, B-CLL has been widely used as a model for the study of lymphoproliferative disorders and has given a great impulse to the study of the role of CD5' B cells in autoimmunity.From these studies CD5' B-CLL cells have emerged as a crossroad between malignant and autoreactive B cells.Enough information is now available to put the unique biological and clinical features of B-CLL into a unifying perspective.The essence of the problem to be reviewed is threefold.First, CD5+ B-CLL B cells express low to undetectable amounts of surface immunoglobulins SI^).^Second, B-CLL B cells accumulate in the GO phase of the cell Third, the pathogenic autoantibodies (Abs), detectable in up to 30% of the patients, are usually polyclonal and target-re-stri~ted.~.~,'They are directed against hematopoietic antigens expressed on the surface of red blood cells and, more rarely, of platelets and may lead to severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or thromb~cytopenia.~"~'These features led us to ask which is the actual normal counterpart of B-CLL B lymphocyte and how the molecular events that result in the malignant phenotype relate to the development of autoimmune manifestations.
A Bioluminescence Assay Using <i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i> for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nitrification Inhibitors (1998)

An expression vector for the luxAB genes, derived from Vibrio harveyi, was introduced into Nitrosomonas europaea. Although the recombinant strain produced bioluminescence due to the expression of the luxAB genes under normal growing conditions, the intensity of the light emission decreased immediately, in a time-and dose-dependent manner, with the addition of ammonia monooxygenase inhibitors, such as allylthiourea, phenol, and nitrapyrin. When whole cells were challenged with several nitrification inhibitors and toxic compounds, a close relationship was found between the change in the intensity of the light emission and the level of ammonia-oxidizing activity. The response of bioluminescence to the addition of allylthiourea was considerably faster than the change in the ammonia-oxidizing rate, measured as both the O2 uptake and NO2- production rates. The bioluminescence of cells inactivated by ammonia monooxygenase inhibitor was recovered rapidly by the addition of certain substrates for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. These results suggested that the inhibition of bioluminescence was caused by the immediate decrease of reducing power in the cell due to the inactivation of ammonia monooxygenase, as well as by the destruction of other cellular metabolic pathways. We conclude that the assay system using luminous Nitrosomonas can be applied as a rapid and sensitive detection test for nitrification inhibitors, and it will be used to monitor the nitrification process in wastewater treatment plants.
Visible-regime polarimetric imager: a fully polarimetric, real-time imaging system (2003)

A fully polarimetric optical camera system has been constructed to obtain polarimetric information simultaneously from four synchronized charge-coupled device imagers at video frame rates of 60 Hz and a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. The imagers view the same scene along the same optical axis by means of a four-way beam-splitting prism similar to ones used for multiple-imager, common-aperture color TV cameras. Appropriate polarizing filters in front of each imager provide the polarimetric information. Mueller matrix analysis of the polarimetric response of the prism, analyzing filters, and imagers is applied to the detected intensities in each imager as a function of the applied state of polarization over a wide range of linear and circular polarization combinations to obtain an average polarimetric calibration consistent to approximately 2%. Higher accuracies can be obtained by improvement of the polarimetric modeling of the splitting prism and by implementation of a pixel-by-pixel calibration.
A Wzz (Cld) protein determines the chain length of K lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli O8 and O9 strains (1996)

The modal distribution of O-antigen chain length is determined by the Wzz (Cld/Rol) protein in those cases in which it has been studied. The system of O-antigen synthesis in Escherichia coli serotypes O8 and O9 is different from that reported for most other bacteria, and chain length distribution is thought not to be determined by a Wzz protein. We report the existence in E. coli O8 and O9 strains of wzz genes which are very similar to and have sequences within the range of variation of those which determine the chain length of typical O antigens. We also find that wzz genes previously identified by their effect on O-antigen chain length, when cloned and transferred to O8 and O9 strains, affect the chain length of a capsule-related form of LPS, K(LPS). We conclude that in at least some O8 and O9 strains there is a wzz gene which controls the chain length of K(LPS) but has no effect on the O8 or O9 antigen.
Synthetic-aperture radar autofocus by maximizing sharpness (2000)

To focus a synthetic-aperture radar image that is suffering from phase errors, a phase-error estimate is found that, when it is applied, maximizes the sharpness of the image. Closed-form expressions are derived for the gradients of a sharpness metric with respect to phase-error parameters, including both a point-by-point (nonparametric) phase function and coefficients of a polynomial expansion. Use of these expressions allows for a highly efficient gradient-search algorithm for high-order phase errors. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated with an example.
Adaptive Modeling for Real Time Analytics: The Case of &#x0022;Big Data&#x0022; in Mobile Advertising (2015)

Mobile marketing campaigns are now largely deployed through the intermediaries of demand side platforms (DSPs) who provide a performance-intensive real-time bidding (RTB) version of predictive analytics as a service. Performance thresholds are roughly 100ms for DSPs to decide whether and how much to bid for a potential client to receive a particular advertisement via their mobile device. This decision requires simultaneous access to multiple very large databases with typically millions of rows and the ability to execute multiple predictive models (e.g., Logistic regression) to gauge the customer's propensity to engage. In this environment, analytic modeling must be automated via model feedback loops which adjust the models dynamically as real time data streams in. We call this mode of analytics adaptive modeling. We detail the process of adaptive modeling from the perspective of a DSP and describe the corresponding model management environment necessary to plan, execute, and evaluate RTB campaigns.
Stimulation of tubulin tyrosinolation in rabbit leukocytes evoked by the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. (1981)

Cellular tubulin is subject to a posttranslational modification involving the reversible addition to tyrosine through peptide linkage to the C-terminal glutamate of the alpha-chain. The synthetic peptide chemoattractant, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, causes a specific, dose-dependent stimulation of tubulin tyrosinolation in rabbit leukocytes. This stimulation is prevented by carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-methionine, benzoyl-tyrosine ethylester, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, which are all inhibitors of chemotaxis presumed to act via membrane-associated events. The combination of 3-deazaadenosine and homocysteine thiolactone, which inhibits phospholipid methylation, and quinacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, also abolishes the response to the peptide. Colchicine, however, which causes a marked disassembly of cellular microtubules in these cells and also inhibits chemotaxis, does not have any inhibitory effect on the basal or peptide-stimulated rate of tubulin tyrosinolation. In contrast, taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, has an inhibitory effect on both the basal and peptide-stimulated tyrosine incorporation. Taxol also inhibits chemotaxis in rabbit leukocytes. The results strongly suggest the role of closely linked membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in leukocyte chemotaxis, in which tyrosinolation of tubulin may be functionally involved.
Calcium ions tune the zinc-sequestering properties and antimicrobial activity of human S100A12 (2015)

Human S100A12 is a host-defense protein expressed and released by neutrophils that contributes to innate immunity. Apo S100A12 is a 21-kDa antiparallel homodimer that harbors two Ca(II)-binding EF-hand domains per subunit and exhibits two His<sub>3</sub>Asp motifs for chelating transition metal ions at the homodimer interface. In this work, we present results from metal-binding studies and microbiology assays designed to ascertain whether Ca(II) ions modulate the Zn(II)-binding properties of S100A12 and further evaluate the antimicrobial properties of this protein. Our metal depletion studies reveal that Ca(II) ions enhance the ability of S100A12 to sequester Zn(II) from microbial growth media. We report that human S100A12 has antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata</i> and <i>C. tropicalis</i>, all of which cause human disease. This antifungal activity is Ca(II)-dependent and requires the His<sub>3</sub>Asp metal-binding sites. We expand upon prior studies of the antibacterial activity of S100A12 and report Ca(II)-dependent and strain-selective behavior. S100A12 exhibited <i>in vitro</i> growth inhibitory activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. In contrast, S100A12 had negligible effect on the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1. Loss of functional ZnuABC, a high-affinity Zn(II) import system, increased the susceptibility of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to S100A12, indicating that S100A12 deprives these mutant strains of Zn(II). To evaluate the Zn(II)-binding sites of S100A12 in solution, we present studies using Co(II) as a spectroscopic probe and chromophoric small-molecule chelators in Zn(II) competition titrations. We confirm that S100A12 binds Zn(II) with a 2:1 stoichiometry, and our data indicate sub-nanomolar affinity binding. Taken together, these data support a model whereby S100A12 uses Ca(II) ions to tune its Zn(II)-chelating properties and antimicrobial activity.
Identification and Characterization of a 29-Kilodalton Protein from<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Culture Filtrate Recognized by Mouse Memory Effector Cells (1998)

Culture filtrate proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce protective immunity in various animal models of tuberculosis. Two molecular mass regions (6 to 10 kDa and 24 to 36 kDa) of short-term culture filtrate are preferentially recognized by Th1 cells in animal models as well as by patients with minimal disease. In the present study, the 24- to 36-kDa region has been studied, and the T-cell reactivity has been mapped in detail. Monoclonal antibodies were generated, and one monoclonal antibody, HYB 71-2, with reactivity against a 29-kDa antigen located in the highly reactive region below the antigen 85 complex was selected. The 29-kDa antigen (CFP29) was purified from M. tuberculosis short-term culture filtrate by thiophilic adsorption chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. In its native form, CFP29 forms a polymer with a high molecular mass. CFP29 was mapped in two-dimensional electrophoresis gels as three distinct spots just below the antigen 85 complex component MPT59. CFP29 is present in both culture filtrate and the membrane fraction from M. tuberculosis, suggesting that this antigen is released from the envelope to culture filtrate during growth. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence allowed cloning and sequencing of the cfp29 gene. The nucleotide sequence showed 62% identity to the bacteriocin Linocin from Brevibacterium linens. Purified recombinant histidine-tagged CFP29 and native CFP29 had similar T-cell stimulatory properties, and they both elicited the release of high levels of gamma interferon from mouse memory effector cells isolated during the recall of protective immunity to tuberculosis. Interspecies analysis by immunoblotting and PCR demonstrated that CFP29 is widely distributed in mycobacterial species.
A compact inertial slider STM (1997)

A compact, less than , scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) based on a new inertial slider design is presented. The STM is built of two concentric piezoelectric tubes, the inner one for scanning the tip and the outer one for inertial sliding of the sample to and from the tip. The coarse approach is made by inertial sliding of the sample along a plane that is non-perpendicular to the tip, while the sample surface is kept perpendicular to the tip throughout inertial sliding and image acquisitions. The compact design ensures a mechanical noise level of less than 0.1 Å.
Brain activity during observation of actions. Influence of action content and subject's strategy (1997)

PET was used to map brain regions that are associated with the observation of meaningful and meaningless hand actions. Subjects were scanned under four conditions which consisted of visually presented actions. In each of the four experimental conditions, they were instructed to watch the actions with one of two aims: to be able to recognize or to imitate them later. We found that differences in the meaning of the action, irrespective of the strategy used during observation, lead to different patterns of brain activity and clear left/right asymmetries. Meaningful actions strongly engaged the left hemisphere in frontal and temporal regions while meaningless actions involved mainly the right occipitoparietal pathway. Observing with the intent to recognize activated memory-encoding structures. In contrast, observation with the intent to imitate was associated with activation in the regions involved in the planning and in the generation of actions. Thus, the pattern of brain activation during observation of actions is dependent both on the nature of the required executive processing and the type of the extrinsic properties of the action presented.
Changes in macromolecular synthesis in Xanthomonas oryzae infected with bacteriophage XP-12 (1977)

Phage XP-12, which has complete substitution of the cytosine residues in its DNA with 5-methylcytosine residues, was shown to inhibit incorporation of uracil into host DNA and RNA during the latent period. This apparent inhibition of host macromolecular synthesis was not accompanied by extensive degradation of the host chromosome. Phage DNA synthesis in infected cells occurred at a faster rate than host DNA synthesis in analogous uninfected cells. However, phage DNA synthesis could not be accurately monitored by incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA because, soon after infection, there was a marked inhibition of utilization of exogenous thymidine for DNA synthesis. Phage infection conferred upon a thymine auxotrophic host the ability to synthesize thymine nucleotides for phage DNA synthesis. It is suggested that a phage-induced thymidylate synthetase activity is partially responsible for the inhibition of thymidine incorporation.
Substitution of Arginine 719 for Glutamic Acid in Human Plasminogen Substantially Reduces Its Affinity for Streptokinase (1994)

In isolation human plasminogen possesses no enzymatic activity, yet upon formation of an equimolar complex with the bacterial protein streptokinase, it acquires a plasminogen activator function. The region(s) of plasminogen and of streptokinase which mediate complex formation has (have) not been previously published. Here it is reported that a single-residue substitution (Arg719-->Glu) in the serine protease domain of full-length Glu-plasminogen substantially reduces its affinity for streptokinase. The plasminogen variant displays no other significant differences from the wild-type molecule with respect to activation by two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator, recognition by monoclonal antibodies, or ability to undergo conformational change. It is concluded that Arg719 in human plasminogen is an important determinant of the streptokinase binding site, although further sites are likely to contribute both to the affinity of plasminogen for streptokinase and to mechanisms by which the active site is formed within the complex.
The role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in protective effect of capsaicin against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. (1991)

The role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in gastroprotection by capsaicin was investigated in the absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesion model in rats. Capsaicin (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the lesion formation dose-dependently. The protective effect of capsaicin was attenuated by indomethacin-pretreatment and disappeared in capsaicin-sensitive nerve degenerated rats. Capsaicin did not induce the distension of gastric mucosal folds. These results suggested that stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves by capsaicin would enhance the prostaglandin formation, leading to an inhibition of gastric lesions.
Fabrication of Wideband Bragg Cells Using Thermocompression Bonding and Ion Beam Milling (1985)

Abstmcf-High-performance wideband Rragg cells have been fabricated from LiNbO, platelet transducers and a variety of substrates using two unique fabrication techniques: a lab ambient resistive bond and ion beam milling. The resistive bond successfully welds the transducer to the substrate and passes acoustic energy at frequencies above 1 GHz. Ion beam milling has been used successfully to thin transducer platelets to micrometer thicknesses. Using these techniques, a variety of efficient wideband Bragg cells has been fabricated.