gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bi-CMOS current mode multiple valued logic circuits with 1.5 V supply voltage (2003)

A BiCMOS current-mode multivalued logic circuit with 1.5-V supply voltage is presented. The circuit is composed of a current mirror, threshold detector, and current source. It has high accuracy, high speed, and high density, as well as low supply voltage, so that it is possible to realize a high-radix multivalued logic circuit. As another application of the proposed circuit, a singleton fuzzy controller that operates with high speed and high accuracy is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Classification of Burst and Suppression in the Neonatal EEG (2007)

The brain requires a continuous supply of oxygen and even a short period of\nreduced oxygen supply risks severe and lifelong consequences for the\naffected individual. The delivery is a vulnerable period for a baby who may\nexperience for example hypoxia (lack of oxygen) that can damage the brain.\nBabies who experience problems are placed in an intensive care unit where\ntheir vital signs are monitored, but there is no reliable way to monitor the\nbrain directly. Monitoring the brain would provide valuable information\nabout the processes going on in it and could influence the treatment and help\nto improve the quality of neonatal care. The scope of this project is to\ndevelop methods that eventually can be put together to form a monitoring\nsystem for the brain that can function as decision-support for the physician in\ncharge of treating the patient.\nThe specific technical problem that is the topic of this thesis is detection of\nburst and suppression in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The thesis\nstarts with a brief description of the brain, with a focus on where the EEG\noriginates, what types of activity can be found in this signal and what they\nmean. The data that have been available for the project are described,\nfollowed by the signal processing methods that have been used for preprocessing,\nand the feature functions that can be used for extracting certain\ntypes of characteristics from the data are defined. The next section describes\nclassification methodology and how it can be used for making decisions\nbased on combinations of several features extracted from a signal. The\nclassification methods Fisher’s Linear Discriminant, Neural Networks and\nSupport Vector Machines are described and are finally compared with respect\nto their ability to discriminate between burst and suppression. An experiment\nwith different combinations of features in the classification has also been\ncarried out. The results show similar results for the three methods but it can\nbe seen that the SVM is the best method with respect to handling multiple\nfeatures.
Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Gas Sensing (2017)

Looking toward world technology trends over the next few decades, self-powered sensing networks are a key field of technological and economic driver for global industries. Since 2006, Zhong Lin Wang's group has proposed a novel concept of nanogenerators (NGs), including piezoelectric nanogenerator and triboelectric nanogenerator, which could convert a mechanical trigger into an electric output. Considering motion ubiquitously exists in the surrounding environment and for any most common materials used every day, NGs could be inherently served as an energy source for our daily increasing requirements or as one of self-powered environmental sensors. In this regard, by coupling the piezoelectric or triboelectric properties with semiconducting gas sensing characterization, a new research field of self-powered gas sensing has been proposed. Recent works have shown promising concept to realize NG-based self-powered gas sensors that are capable of detecting gas environment without the need of external power sources to activate the gas sensors or to actively generate a readout signal. Compared with conventional sensors, these self-powered gas sensors keep the approximate performance. Meanwhile, these sensors drastically reduce power consumption and additionally reduce the required space for integration, which are significantly suitable for the wearable devices. This paper gives a brief summary about the establishment and latest progress in the fundamental principle, updated progress and potential applications of NG-based self-powered gas sensing system. The development trend in this field is envisaged, and the basic configurations are also introduced.
Group X secreted phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> specifically decreases sperm motility in mice (2010)

Different mammalian secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2) s) are expressed in male reproductive organs and/or in sperm cells but their cellular functions are still not fully characterized. Because several reports indicate a link between cellular lipids and sperm motility, we have investigated the effect of mouse group IIA, IID, IIE, V, and X sPLA(2) s on sperm motility. Among these enzymes, only mouse group X sPLA(2) (mGX sPLA(2) ) acts as a potent inhibitor of sperm motility that decreases track speed (VCL) and lateral displacement of the head (ALH) of both noncapacitated and capacitated sperm. The inhibitory effect of mGX sPLA(2) is dependent on its enzymatic activity because (i) both the proenzyme form of mGX sPLA(2) (pro-mGX) and the H48Q mutant of mGX sPLA(2) have very weak enzymatic activity and are unable to modulate sperm motility and (ii) LY329722, a specific inhibitor of sPLA(2) s, blocks the inhibitory effect of mGX sPLA(2) . Moreover, mGX sPLA(2) exerts a gradual potency on sperm subpopulations with different velocities, an effect which may be linked to the heterogeneity of lipid composition in these sperm subpopulations. Finally, we found that endogenous mGX sPLA(2) released during spontaneous acrosome reaction modulates sperm motility of capacitated sperm. Together, our results suggest a new role of sPLA(2) in sperm physiology where the sPLA2 selects a sperm subpopulation for fertilization based on its effect on sperm motility.
Diagnostics for a Microprocessor-Based Videotape Recorder (1984)

With the evolutionary increase in complexity of control systems and servos used in VTRs, the need for self-diagnostics has been recognized. By adding feedback to a microcomputer-based system, it is now possible to constantly monitor many of the VTR's operating parameters. This article describes the fault-detection and isolation system of the Ampex VPR-80 that can aid engineers in troubleshooting faulty assemblies.
Elevated expression of CYP1A1 and  -SYNUCLEIN in human ectopic (ovarian) endometriosis compared with eutopic endometrium (2008)

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease in which apoptotic, genetic, immunological, angiogenic and environmental factors have been implicated. Endocrine-disrupting agents (e.g. dioxins) might be involved. Dioxins, via the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), induce estrogen-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Elevated expression of gamma-SYNUCLEIN (gamma-SYN) has been associated with hormone-related conditions. Tissue sets consisting of eutopic and ectopic (ovarian) endometrium from patients with stage 3 or 4 endometriosis were obtained. Following RNA extraction and reverse transcription, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed for anti-apoptotic B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), CYP1A1, CYP1B1, estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ER beta and gamma-SYN. Immunohistochemical analyses for gamma-syn, ER alpha, ER beta and CYP1A1 were also conducted. A 3-9-fold increase in intra-individual expression of CYP1A1 in ectopic (ovarian) endometrium compared with eutopic tissue was observed; immunohistochemical analyses pointed to CYP1A1 being localized to the glandular epithelium. This intra-individual expression profile was not observed for CYP1B1 or BCL-2. However, a 5-53-fold intra-individual increase in gamma-SYN expression was also demonstrated in six of nine tissue sets (a further two showed an increase that was not considered significant) when comparing ectopic to eutopic endometrium; gamma-syn positivity was associated with endothelial cells. An elevation in ER beta was also noted when comparing ectopic to eutopic endometrium; with regard to ER alpha, this was inconsistent. These results suggest an up-regulation of dioxin-inducible CYP1A1 and gamma-SYN occurs in endometriosis. Whether gamma-syn may be a novel diagnostic marker for endometriosis remains to be ascertained.
Multilevel SVPWM With DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control for Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converter Based STATCOM (2012)

In this paper, a space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) (SVPWM) algorithm is proposed, which is in α'β' frame with dc-link capacitor voltage equalization for diode-clamped multilevel converters (DCMCs). The α'β' frame is a coordinate system similar to the αβ frame. In this frame, some original complex calculations are substituted by integer additions, integer subtractions, truncations, etc. It brings the time and area efficiency to fixed-point digital realization, particularly for the application in a field-programmable gate array. Meanwhile, a minimum energy property of multiple dc-link capacitors is applied as the basic principle for voltage equalization based on a capacitor current prediction algorithm. By evaluating the redundant vectors in each pulse dwelling period, the balancing algorithm chooses an optimal vector, generates the optimal PWM signals, and sustains the voltage stability. After that, an arbitrary multilevel SVPWM intellectual property core is designed and analyzed in the α'β' frame. At the end of this paper, a five-level DCMC-based static synchronous compensator is built and tested. The experimental results verify the balancing algorithm and the system steady-state and dynamic performances.
Front-end layout reflection for test chip design (2017)

Fast yield ramping in a new technology to meet aggressive time-to-market deadlines requires a comprehensive design and fabrication methodology for silicon test structures that systematically explores and validates the technology. Prior work proposed a novel logic characterization vehicle (LCV), along with an implementation flow that produces a test chip that ensures logic demographics that resemble real products, and ensures near-optimal testability and diagnosability. This work describes a design flow that efficiently incorporates FEOL layout properties into an easily testable and diagnosable logic-based test chip. Experiments comparing testability, logic and layout properties between the test chip design and various benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Supermedia enhanced human/machine cooperative control of robot formations (2003)

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on supermedia enhanced human/machine cooperative control of robot formations. Supermedia is the collection of all feedback streams rendered for the operator; such as video, haptic, temperature and others. The core idea is to utilize machine intelligence for the control of a robot formation. However, once this intelligence is insufficient to cope with unexpected events, human intervention is an option. To accomplish this, without the need for replanning, perceptive planning and control theory is utilized. This would allow the cooperation of human and machine for the control of the robot formation. To increase the flexibility and efficiency of such systems, commands of different levels of complexity can be issued. This gives rise to a hierarchical command structure, which can be described by a hierarchical perceptive frame that is modeled using automata and languages.
Purificication and properties of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>β‐glucosidase (1992)

Beta-glucosidase was purified from a crude cellulase preparation from Aspergillus niger by affinity chromatography on a methacrylamide-N-methylene-bis-methacrylamide copolymer bearing cellobiamine. The purified enzyme was a dimer with an isoelectric point of 4.0. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 240 kDa by gel-permeation chromatography. The enzyme hydrolyzed specifically beta-glucosidic bonds and catalyzed transglucosylation of the beta-glucosyl group of cellobiose to yield 4-O-beta-gentiobiosylglucose in the presence of organic solvents or under neutral conditions.
Channeled substrate nonplanar laser analysis - Part II: Lasers with tapered active regions (1981)

Light versus current ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</tex> versus <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> ) characteristics are calculated for double-heterostructure diode lasers whose active regions decrease in thickness laterally from a maximum on axis. This variation produces lateral real refractive index waveguiding which in turn stabilizes the spatial mode such that the modal field becomes anastigmatic and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</tex> versus <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> plot becomes linear. In addition to determining threshold current and differential quantum efficiency, we compute the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode patterns, active region charge density distribution, and the power level <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P*_{1}</tex> at which spatial hole burning causes the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> mode to begin lasing. The maximum power density at the facet for that power level <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P*_{1}</tex> is also obtained. All these characteristics are presented as functions of the various device parameters including carrier spontaneous recombination time, diffusion length, optical gain, unpumped band-to-band absorption, internal losses, antiguidance index, wavelength, cladding Al content, active region dimensions, current spreading resistance, facet reflectivity, laser length, and stripe width. Utilizing this information, a design is developed for a laser with low threshold current (40-50 mA) and high differential quantum efficiency (50-65 percent) that operates stable single lowest order (TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> ) spatial mode to powers well in excess of 50 mW.
다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목의 현황과 제안 (2013)

본 연구는 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목을 이주노동자, 결혼이주여성, 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 하는 과목으로 제한하여 사회복지학과가 설치되어 있는 4년제 대학에서의 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목 개설 여부와 진행방식을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 110개의 사회복지 관련학과 중 14개 학교에서 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목이 개설되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목의 교수자와 학습자를 대상으로 한 인터뷰에서 수업의 진행방식과 주요 내용은 교수자가 중요시하는 다문화 현상의 측면에 따라 차이를 보였으며 학습자와 교수자가 제안하는 교과목의 방향에서도 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목을 개설하거나 다문화 사회복지와 관련된 내용이 사회복지 윤리와 철학과 같은 교과목에서 다루어지는 방안과 문화적 유능감을 증진하기 위하여 예비 사회복지사가 갖추어야 할 기본적인 요소를 다문화 사회복지 관련 교과목의 구성내용 및 진행방식에 반영할 것을 제안하였다.
Structures of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> ribosome with antibiotics bound near the peptidyl transferase center explain spectra of drug action (2010)

Differences between the structures of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic ribosomes account for the selective action of antibiotics. Even minor variations in the structure of ribosomes of different bacterial species may lead to idiosyncratic, species-specific interactions of the drugs with their targets. Although crystallographic structures of antibiotics bound to the peptidyl transferase center or the exit tunnel of archaeal (Haloarcula marismortui) and bacterial (Deinococcus radiodurans) large ribosomal subunits have been reported, it remains unclear whether the interactions of antibiotics with these ribosomes accurately reflect those with the ribosomes of pathogenic bacteria. Here we report X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli ribosome in complexes with clinically important antibiotics of four major classes, including the macrolide erythromycin, the ketolide telithromycin, the lincosamide clindamycin, and a phenicol, chloramphenicol, at resolutions of ∼3.3 Å-3.4 Å. Binding modes of three of these antibiotics show important variations compared to the previously determined structures. Biochemical and structural evidence also indicates that interactions of telithromycin with the E. coli ribosome more closely resembles drug binding to ribosomes of bacterial pathogens. The present data further argue that the identity of nucleotides 752, 2609, and 2055 of 23S ribosomal RNA explain in part the spectrum and selectivity of antibiotic action.
A new voice-data integrated protocol for unidirectional broadcast bus networks (2003)

The authors extend the p/sub i/-persistent protocol previously proposed to include voice for multiaccess communication over unidirectional broadcast bus networks. They use a framed approach for integrating these two traffic types. Further, they use not only speech detectors for modeling speech sources, but also a movable-boundary scheme for their protocol in which the voice subframe size is estimated from the number of voice packets transmitted in the previous frame. The authors determine the fraction of speech loss and the fraction of wasted allocated bandwidth due to the estimator by formulating a Markov chain for the number of ready voice stations at the frame boundaries. To analyze data performance, a nonhomogeneous Markov chain is constructed for a data station's buffer content just before the data slots visit that station. Then, these models are converted to homogeneous chains from which the authors determine the optimum p/sub i/ for each data slot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Investigation of Sweet Red Bean Pastes as Anti-oxidant Food : Polyphenol Contents, Superoxide Dismutase Activity, and Inhibitory Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species (2015)

饅頭に含まれるつぶ餡とこし餡について，ポリフェノール量，SOD様活性，および培養細胞におけるROSの抑制効果を検討した．本検討で用いたつぶ餡とこし餡は共にポリフェノールが残存しており，SOD様の抗酸化活性があること，また添加培養によりJurkat細胞株のROSを抑制することを示した．
Acquisition protocol considerations for combined PET/CT imaging. (2004)

High-quality PET/CT studies can be provided routinely with existing PET/CT technology that is used efficiently by trained and motivated technologists and physicians. Only then will the potential diagnostic benefit of this new imaging modality be explored fully.
Induction of haem oxygenase-1 by nitric oxide and ischaemia in experimental solid tumours and implications for tumour growth (1999)

Induction of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis during tumour growth was investigated in an experimental solid tumour model (AH136B hepatoma) in rats. An immunohistochemical study showed that the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was localized in monocyte-derived macrophages, which infiltrated interstitial spaces of solid tumour, but not in the tumour cells. Excessive production of NO in the tumour tissue was unequivocally verified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Tumour growth was moderately suppressed by treatment with either Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or S-methylisothiourea sulphate (SMT). In contrast, HO-1 was found only in tumour cells, not in macrophages, by in situ hybridization for HO-1 mRNA. HO-1 expression in AH136B cells in culture was strongly enhanced by an NO (NO+) donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine. HO-1 mRNA expression in the solid tumour in vivo decreased significantly after treatment with low doses of NOS inhibitors such as L-NAME and SMT (6-20 mg kg(-1)). However, the level of HO-1 mRNA in the solid tumour treated with higher doses of NOS inhibitor was similar to that of the solid tumour without NOS inhibitor treatment. Strong induction of HO-1 was also observed in solid tumours after occlusion or embolization of the tumour-feeding artery, indicating that ischaemic stress which may involve oxidative stress triggers HO-1 induction in the solid tumour. Lastly, it is of great importance that an HO inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX injected intra-arterially to the solid tumour suppressed the tumour growth to a great extent. In conclusion, HO-1 expression in the solid tumour may confer resistance of tumour cells to hypoxic stress as well as to NO-mediated cytotoxicity.
A novel approach to structural load control using intelligent actuators (2009)

The recent trend towards large multi-MW wind turbines resulted in the role of the control system becoming increasingly important. The extension of the role of the controller to alleviate structural loads has motivated the exploration of novel control strategies, which seek to maximise load reduction by exploiting the blade pitch system. The reduction of blade fatigue loads through individual blade pitch control is one of the examples. A novel approach to reduction of the unbalanced rotor loads by pitch control is presented in this paper. Each blade is equipped with its own actuator, sensors and controller. These local blade control loops operate in isolation without a need of communication with each other. The single blade control approach to regulation of unbalanced rotor loads presented in this paper has an important advantage of being relatively easy to design and tune. Furthermore, it does not affect the operation of the central controller and the latter need not be re-designed when used in conjunction with the single blade controllers. Their performance is assessed using BLADED simulations.
Comparative study of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eyedrops, 0.1% indomethacin versus 0.1% diclofenac in pain control post photorefractive keratectomy. (1997)

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 0.1% indomethacin and 0.1% diclofenac solutions, in controlling pain post excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). After written consent, 61 informed patients (23 males, 38 females; mean age = 33.5 +/- 8.4 yrs) were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized, comparative study and assigned to either indomethacin or diclofenac treatment. Subjective preoperative evaluation of individual susceptibility to pain evoked by topical application of 1% tetracaine vs saline served as reference for further post-operative pain measurement using a visual analog rating scale. Ocular and cephalic pain, itching, foreign body sensation, insomnia, photophobia, blepharospasm as well as systemic analgesic medication and alcohol intake were monitored for 3 days following photoablation as well as the re-epithelialization process. Both solutions significantly reduced pain on the first day following excimer laser PRK, and this activity was maintained until the end of the observation period. At Day 0 the first measure of pain level was slightly higher in the indomethacin group (p < 0.05) and could be related to a possible anaesthetic effect of Diclofenac. During the follow-up the oral intake of analgesics was higher in the diclofenac group, however this difference was not significant. Wound healing rate was not affected by indomethacin or diclofenac administration. These data suggest that both 0.1% indomethacin and 0.1% diclofenac ophthalmic solutions may help to control the pain induced by excimer laser PRK without any deleterious effect on corneal wound healing.