gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of cyclopropanes from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, esters, and ketones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of cyclopropanes from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, esters, and ketonesYeong-Ho Chang and Harold W. PinnickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2, 373–374Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00396a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00396a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local Transform Features and Hybridization for Accurate Face and Human Detection (2012)

We propose two novel local transform features: local gradient patterns (LGP) and binary histograms of oriented gradients (BHOG). LGP assigns one if the neighboring gradient of a given pixel is greater than its average of eight neighboring gradients and zero otherwise, which makes the local intensity variations along the edge components robust. BHOG assigns one if the histogram bin has a higher value than the average value of the total histogram bins, and zero otherwise, which makes the computation time fast due to no further postprocessing and SVM classification. We also propose a hybrid feature that combines several local transform features by means of the AdaBoost method, where the best feature having the lowest classification error is sequentially selected until we obtain the required classification performance. This hybridization makes face and human detection robust to global illumination changes by LBP, local intensity changes by LGP, and local pose changes by BHOG, which considerably improves detection performance. We apply the proposed features to face detection using the MIT+CMU and FDDB databases and human detection using the INRIA and Caltech databases. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed LGP and BHOG feature attain accurate detection performance and fast computation time, respectively, and the hybrid feature improves face and human detection performance considerably.
Monolithically integrated 2×2 InGaAsP/InP laser amplifier gate switch arrays (1992)

Monolithically integrated 2×2 semiconductor laser amplifier gate switch arrays have been fabricated and evaluated. Net positive chip gain, high extinction ratio, and high electrical isolation between the integrated laser amplifiers are reported.
Determination of the Distribution of Polydimethyl Siloxane Segment Lengths at the Surface of Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Segmented Copolymers. (1996)

Abstract : Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra were recorded from submonolayer thin films of aminopropyl end-capped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and from thick films (ca. 50 micrometers) of poly(dimethylsiloxane urethane) (PU-DMS) segmented copolymers. Ions detected and assigned to fragments in the low mass range (m/z < or = 300) provided structural information about the repeat units and the end groups. The high mass spectrum of the PDMS homopolymer yielded a series of ions assigned to Ag(+)-cationized oligomers; this enabled determination of the molecular weight distribution in comparison with GPC measurement. In the high mass (m/z = 800-3500) spectra of thick PU-DMS films the peak series was assigned to a simple fragmentation process. That process would yield ions where the intact PDMS segment is present; it therefore can be used to evaluate the PDMS segment length distribution at the surface of the copolymer. It was found that the distribution of PDMS segment lengths segregated at the surface of the thick film was almost identical to that in the bulk for PU-DMS with PDMS nominal molecular weight of ca. 1000 Dalton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β,γ‐Unsaturated D‐α‐Amino Acids from L‐ Cysteine. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of the Biosynthesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env from Infected T-cells and the Effects of Glucose Trimming of Env on Virion Infectivity (2001)

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-1 Env is displayed on the surface of infected cells and subsequently incorporated into virions, which is necessary for the initiation of a viral infection by recognition of the CD4 and the chemokine receptors (such as CCR5 or CXCR4) on the surface of new target cells. As a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein, Env is cotranslationally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum. In this report, we characterized the synthesis of Env, which did not occur at a constant rate but by translational/translocational pausing that has not previously been shown with a viral encoded glycoprotein. Overall translation was not impeded by the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol in vivo, although this did influence the cleavage of the precursor gp160 into its mature form, gp120. Env interacts transiently with resident components of the endoplasmic reticulum such as calnexin, which had maximal association at a 10-min post-translation. Addition of the glucosidase inhibitor, castanospermine, failed to significantly influence the association of Env with calnexin, consistent with the notion that calnexin recognizes components other than alpha-terminal glucose. Moreover, castanospermine treatment failed to affect the infectivity of virions. Taken together, this report demonstrates the existence of translational/translocational pausing for a viral glycoprotein and suggests that trimming of glucose from HIV-1 Env is not essential for the initiation of virus infection.
Resonant X-ray Enhancement of the Auger Effect in High-<i>Z</i> Atoms, Molecules, and Nanoparticles: Potential Biomedical Applications (2009)

It is shown that X-ray absorption can be considerably enhanced at resonant energies corresponding to K-shell excitation into higher shells with electron vacancies following Auger emissions in high-Z elements and compounds employed in biomedical applications. We calculate Auger resonant probabilities and cross sections to obtain total mass attenuation coefficients with resonant cross sections and detailed resonance structures corresponding to Kalpha, Kbeta, Kgamma, Kdelta, and Keta complexes lying between 6.4-7.1 keV in iron and 67-80 keV in gold. The basic parameters were computed using the relativistic atomic structure codes and the R-matrix codes. It is found that the average enhancement at resonant energies is up to a factor of 1000 or more for associated K --> L, M, N, O, P transitions. The resonant energies in high-Z elements such as gold are sufficiently high to ensure significant penetration in body tissue, and hence the possibility of achieving X-radiation dose reduction commensurate with resonant enhancements for cancer theranostics using high-Z nanoparticles and molecular radiosensitizing agents embedded in malignant tumors. The in situ deposition of X-ray energy, followed by secondary photon and electron emission, will be localized at the tumor site. We also note the relevance of this work to the development of novel monochromatic or narrow-band X-ray emission sources for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
Steady‐state and transient analysis of a CH<sub>4</sub>–catalytic partial oxidation reformer (2006)

Abstract In this work dynamic and steady‐state CH 4 partial oxidation tests, performed in an insulated lab‐scale reactor over a Rh‐based catalyst supported onto Al 2 O 3 spheres, are presented and discussed. To gain insight in the complex observed phenomena a previously developed 1D heterogeneous mathematical model of adiabatic reactor was applied to data analysis. The model implemented an indirect reaction scheme independently derived in previous works. In experiments at low flow rates the heat dispersion significantly affected the steady‐state response of the reactor; the process was governed by thermodynamics. By increasing the flow rate the catalytic bed progressively heated up and the adiabatic behavior was approached as a result of the predominance of the reaction enthalpy release over the heat losses; a kinetic effect of contact time was observed. Under these conditions start‐up dynamics of the process were acquired. The temporal evolution of the product distribution along with the shape of axial temperature profiles at steady state were consistent with the occurrence of an indirect reaction path leading to the formation of synthesis gas. A sensitivity analysis showed that the description of the temperature profiles and conversion/selectivity performances at steady state is greatly influenced by the rate of the reforming reactions; the simulation of the reactor start‐up dynamics is highly sensitive to the initial solid temperature. The comparison between measured temperature profiles and model predictions suggested that the thermocouple measurements were mainly influenced by the temperature of the flowing gas. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Identity Mapping: An Approach to Unravel Enterprise Security Management Policies (2000)

Increasingly complex networks and distributed services entail new challenges concerning interoperability and integration of security mechanisms. The currently available solutions, e.g. directory services or distributed authentication systems have disadvantages that can be overcome by a new approach based on mapping identities. Identity mapping allows assigning the identity of one human to different users in various systems. The security features of every system can be fully used and no common denominator limits the power of a single system. This papet describes the different types of mappings that are necessary to implement such a system. Mappings cannot occur only on a user-user basis but also roles and groups have to be considered to correctly represent modern security issues.
Preparation of Functionally Graded ZnO Film by Electrochemical Reaction from an Aqueous Solution (1999)

A functionally graded zinc oxide (ZnO) film was prepared by a chemical deposition of 0.17-μm-thick ZnO film on a nonconductive substrate in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mol/l zine nitrate and 0.1 mol/l dimethylamineborane (DMAB) at 335K and by the cathodic growth in the same solution The ZnO film had changing resistivity from 1×10 6 to 7.8×10 -3 Ωcm in the thickness direction. The change in resistivity corresponded to the increase in carrier concentration and the increase in mobility.
An analysis of completeness and quality of adverse drug reaction reports at an adverse drug reaction monitoring centre in Western India (2018)

The NCC instrument was found well suited to evaluate quality and completeness of ADR forms.
Metal-Catalysis in Industrial Organic Processes (2006)

Catalysis underpins most modern industrial organic processes. It has become an essential tool in creating a 'greener' chemical industry by replacing more traditional stoichiometric reactions, which have high energy consumption and high waste production, with mild processes which increasingly resemble Nature's enzymes. Metal-Catalysis in Industrial Organic Processes considers the major areas of the field and discusses the logic of using catalysis in industrial processes. The book provides information on oxidation, hydrogenation, carbonylation, C-C bond formation, metathesis and polymerization processes, as well as on the mechanisms involved. In addition two appendices offer a concise treatment of homogeneous and heterogenous catalysis. Numerous exercises referring to problems of catalytic processes, and research perspectives complete the book. This definitive reference source, written by practising experts in the field, provides detailed and up-to-date information on key aspects of metal catalysis.
Quantum Dot Nano Thermometers Reveal Heterogeneous Local Thermogenesis in Living Cells (2011)

The local temperature response inside single living cells upon external chemical and physical stimuli was characterized using quantum dots as nano thermometers. The photoluminescence spectral shifts from endocytosed quantum dots were used to map intracellular heat generation in NIH/3T3 cells following Ca(2+) stress and cold shock. The direct observation of inhomogeneous intracellular temperature progression raises interesting new possibilities, including further innovations in nanomaterials for sensing local responses, as well as the concept of subcellular temperature gradient for signaling and regulation in cells.
Synthesis and biological activities of the (Z) isomers of carbapenem antibiotics (1983)

Naturally occurring carbapenem antibiotics having a double bond in the side chain, when refluxed in chloroform containing quarternary alkylammonium halides, were converted into Z isomers in high yields. The mechanism of this new equilibration involves intramolecular proton transfer from the carboxylic acid to the carbon alpha to the sulfur atom in the side chain as shown by deuterium-labeling experiments. Some Z isomers showed stronger protective effects in mice infected by Escherichia coli O-111 and more potent synergistic activities with cefotiam in mice infected by Proteus vulgaris GN4815 than did the naturally occurring E isomers. The decomposition rates of the Z isomers in mouse kidney homogenates were about 3-fold slower than those of the E isomers.
Shock-induced arrhythmogenesis is enhanced by 2,3-butanedione monoxime compared with cytochalasin D (2004)

Investigation of the mechanisms of arrhythmia genesis and maintenance has benefited from the use of optical mapping techniques that employ excitation-contraction uncouplers. We investigated the effects of the excitation-contraction uncouplers 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) and cytochalasin D (Cyto D) on the induction and maintenance of arrhythmia by electric shocks. Electrical activity was optically mapped from anterior epicardium of rabbit hearts (n = 9) during shocks (-100 V, 8 ms) applied from a ventricular lead at various phases of action potential duration (APD). Restitution curves were obtained using S1-S2 protocol and measurement of APD values at 70% of repolarization. Compared with Cyto D, BDM significantly shortened APD at 90% of repolarization, although no significant difference in dispersion of repolarization was observed. Wavelength was also shortened with BDM. In general, shock-induced arrhythmias with BDM and Cyto D were ventricular tachycardic in nature. With respect to shock-induced sustained arrhythmias, the vulnerable window was wider and the incidence was higher with BDM than with Cyto D. There was also a difference in the morphology of ventricular tachycardia (VT) between the two agents. The arrhythmias with BDM usually resembled monomorphic VT, especially those that lasted >30 s. In contrast, arrhythmias with Cyto D more resembled polymorphic VT. However, the average number of phase singularities increased under Cyto D vs. BDM, whereas no significant difference in the dominant frequency of shock-induced sustained arrhythmia was observed. BDM reduced the slope of the restitution curve compared with Cyto D, but duration of arrhythmia under BDM was significantly increased compared with Cyto D. In conclusion, BDM increased arrhythmia genesis and maintenance relative to Cyto D.
A simple method for DNA restriction site mapping (1976)

When a DNA molecule, enzymatically labelled with 32p at one end, is partially digested with a restriction enzyme labelled tdna fragments are obtained which form an overlapping series of molecules, all with a common labelled terminus. ta restriction map can then be constructed from an analysis of the size distribution of these molecules. This technique has been used for the restriction site mapping of cloned histone DNA (h22) where as many as 35 cleavage sites may be accurately determined in a single experiment.
A new contractive coupling procedure. Convenient phosphorus expulsion reaction (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new contractive coupling procedure. Convenient phosphorus expulsion reactionGeorge R. Newkome and David C. HagerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 17, 5567–5568Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views607Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (296 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Seven newly identified loci for autoimmune thyroid disease (2012)

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is one of the most common of the immune-mediated diseases. To further investigate the genetic determinants of AITD, we conducted an association study using a custom-made single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, the ImmunoChip. The SNP array contains all known and genotype-able SNPs across 186 distinct susceptibility loci associated with one or more immune-mediated diseases. After stringent quality control, we analysed 103 875 common SNPs (minor allele frequency >0.05) in 2285 GD and 462 HT patients and 9364 controls. We found evidence for seven new AITD risk loci (P < 1.12 × 10(-6); a permutation test derived significance threshold), five at locations previously associated and two at locations awaiting confirmation, with other immune-mediated diseases.
Incorporation of choline into<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>cell wall antigens: evidence for choline kinase activity (1996)

The choline-containing teichoic and lipoteichoic acids play an important part in cell wall metabolism of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We propose that a choline kinase enzyme has a role in the synthesis of these antigens. The presence of this enzyme was demonstrated in cell free extracts of S. pneumoniae by measuring the fall in ATP concentration due to phosphorylation of choline. Genomic DNA of S. pneumoniae hybridised with a probe consisting of an internal fragment of the choline kinase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one consisting of the choline binding domain of lytA.
Assembly of LamB and OmpF in deep rough lipopolysaccharide mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 (1994)

Assembly of the OmpF and LamB proteins was kinetically retarded in deep rough lipopolysaccharide mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. OmpF assembly was affected at the step of conversion of metastable trimers to stable trimers, whereas LamB assembly was influenced both at the monomer-to-metastable trimer and metastable-to-stable trimer steps. These assembly defects were reversed in the presence of the sfaA1 and sfaB3 suppressor alleles, which were isolated by using ompF assembly mutants.
Dynamic Precoder for Massive MIMO in the Presence of Large Doppler Spread (2017)

Due to its ability to drastically improve the spectral efficiency, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a strong candidate for the next wireless communication standard. Massive MIMO, however, relies its performance on the accuracy of the precoder. On the other hand, the drastic growth of traffic demand also requires the exploration of the underutilized frequency spectrum on the higher frequency bands. Unfortunately, transmission in these frequency bands will be largely affected by Doppler spread which reduces the accuracy of channel state information required by the precoder. To overcome this problem, a Doppler compensation technique for linear precoder in a massive MIMO scenario is proposed in this paper. By exploiting the channel reciprocity of time division duplexing transmission, we extract the Doppler shift information of the channel and use it to conduct the Doppler compensation by independently updating each element of the precoder matrix. Computer simulation shows that our proposed technique enables the massive MIMO transmission even when the value of maximum Doppler shift is considerably large.
THIP: A single-blind controlled trial in patients with epilepsy (1983)

In an early phase-2 study, THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol) was investigated in a single-blind controlled trial comprising 9 outpatients suffering from epilepsy. THIP was added to the concomitant antiepileptic treatment with increasing doses (15 to 120 mg/day) based on therapeutic effect or side-effects. The blood levels of concomitant therapy were kept constant. No significant difference was established between the number of seizures during treatment with maximal doses of THIP and placebo. A trend was observed for lower seizure frequency during a period on submaximal dose of THIP.
Iterative <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$QR$</tex> </formula> Decomposition Architecture Using the Modified Gram&#x2013;Schmidt Algorithm for MIMO Systems (2010)

Implementation of an iterative QR decomposition (QRD) (IQRD) architecture based on the modified Gram-Schmidt (MGS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. A QRD is extensively adopted by the detection of multiple-input-multiple-output systems. In order to achieve computational efficiency with robust numerical stability, a triangular systolic array (TSA) for QRD of large-size matrices is presented. In addition, the TSA architecture can be modified into an iterative architecture that is called IQRD for reducing hardware cost. The IQRD hardware is constructed by the diagonal and the triangular process with fewer gate counts and lower power consumption than TSAQRD. For a 4 × 4 matrix, the hardware area of the proposed IQRD can reduce about 41% of the gate counts in TSAQRD. For a generic square matrix of order m IQRD, the latency required is 2m - 1 time units, which is based on the MGS algorithm. Thus, the total clock latency is only 10 m - 5 cycles.