gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Splicing Reporter Mice Revealed the Evolutionally Conserved Switching Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Alternative Exon Selection (2010)

Since alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is essential for generating tissue-specific diversity in proteome, elucidating its regulatory mechanism is indispensable to understand developmental process or tissue-specific functions. We have been focusing on tissue-specific regulation of mutually exclusive selection of alternative exons because this implies the typical molecular mechanism of alternative splicing regulation and also can be good examples to elicit general rule of "splice code". So far, mutually exclusive splicing regulation has been explained by the outcome from the balance of multiple regulators that enhance or repress either of alternative exons discretely. However, this "balance" model is open to questions of how to ensure the selection of only one appropriate exon out of several candidates and how to switch them. To answer these questions, we generated an original bichromatic fluorescent splicing reporter system for mammals using fibroblast growth factor-receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene as model. By using this splicing reporter, we demonstrated that FGFR2 gene is regulated by the "switch-like" mechanism, in which key regulators modify the ordered splice-site recognition of two mutually exclusive exons, eventually ensure single exon selection and their distinct switching. Also this finding elucidated the evolutionally conserved "splice code," in which combination of tissue-specific and broadly expressed RNA binding proteins regulate alternative splicing of specific gene in a tissue-specific manner. These findings provide the significant cue to understand how a number of spliced genes are regulated in various tissue-specific manners by a limited number of regulators, eventually to understand developmental process or tissue-specific functions.
A simple method for the simultaneous detection of E1A and E1B in adenovirus stocks (2004)

Recombinant adenoviral vectors have been developed for use as therapeutic agents and for the introduction of exogenous genes into living cells. However, the occurrence of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCA) in adenovirus stocks produced in 293 cells remains a major problem in terms of the safe use of such vectors. To overcome the problems associated with the occurrence of RCA, we have established a simple method for the simultaneous detection of amplified E1A and E1B from RCA that might contaminate adenoviral stocks. The products amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were fractionated by regular electrophoresis on agarose gels and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. This method is rapid and inexpensive for detection of RCA in the preparation of adenoviruses.
Peptone stimulates CCK-releasing peptide secretion by activating intestinal submucosal cholinergic neurons. (1996)

In this study we tested the hypothesis that peptone in the intestine stimulates the secretion of the CCK-releasing peptide (CCK-RP) which mediates CCK secretion, and examined the enteric neural circuitry responsible for CCK-RP secretion. We used a "donor-recipient" rat intestinal perfusion model to quantify the CCK-RP secreted in response to nutrient stimulation. Infusion of concentrated intestinal perfusate collected from donor rat perfused with 5% peptone caused a 62 +/- 10% increase in protein secretion and an elevation of plasma CCK levels to 6.9 +/- 1.8 pM in the recipient rat. The stimulatory effect of the intestinal washings was abolished when the donor rats were pretreated with atropine or hexamethonium but not with guanethidine or vagotomy. Mucosal application of lidocaine but not serosal application of benzalkonium chloride which ablates the myenteric neurons in the donor rats also abolished the stimulatory action of the intestinal washings. Furthermore, treatment of the donor rats with a 5HT3 antagonist and a substance P antagonist also prevented the secretion of CCK-RP. These observations suggest that peptone in the duodenum stimulates serotonin release which activates the sensory substance P neurons in the submucous plexus. Signals are then transmitted to cholinergic interneurons and to epithelial CCK-RP containing cells via cholinergic secretomotor neurons. This enteric neural circuitry which is responsible for the secretion of CCK-RP may in turn play an important role in the postprandial release of CCK.
Quantitative evaluation method for pose and motion similarity based on human perception (2005)

In the imitation research, "how much similar two motions are" is an essential problem. This paper tries to clarify the criterion by which human evaluates the similarity of poses and motions. First we proposed the quantitative pose similarity evaluation which follows human's intuition. This proposed evaluation uses the optimized parameters such as attention to each human's region and the nonlinearity of the distance perception from questionnaires of similarities for many pairs of human poses. Secondly by comparing the conventional similarity evaluation, we confirmed the validity of the quantitative pose similarity evaluation among different pairs of human poses. Lastly the quantitative pose similarity evaluation was applied to the motion similarity evaluation. Verification of that appropriateness revealed that the quantitative pose similarity evaluation is also useful for the motion similarity evaluation. Since the quantitative pose similarity evaluation reflects the human's perception, this evaluation clarifies the criterions by which human evaluates the pose or motion similarity. The clarified criterions for pose or motion similarity evaluation are as follows: 1) the distance perception is processed in three dimensional positions, 2) the relationship between the similarity and the sum of the Euclidean distances for each region is nonlinear, 3) human fixates poses symmetrically, 4) fingertips are paid particular attention, 5) human pays more attention to further regions from the hip in the upper half of the body, and 6) human pays more attention to nearer regions from the hip in the lower half of the body.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 2-Methylquinoxaline to (−)-(2<i>S</i>)-2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline by Iridium Catalysis (1998)

The orthometalated dihydride complex fac-exo-(R)-[IrH2{C6H4C*H(Me)N(CH2CH2PPh2)2}] is an effective catalyst precursor for the enantioselective hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoxaline (MeQ) to 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline (MeTHQ) with ee's up to 90% (5 bar of H2, MeOH, 100 °C). In-situ high-pressure NMR spectroscopy in catalytic conditions shows that the catalytically active species is generated by deorthometalation rather than by H2 reductive elimination. 1H NMR spectroscopy also suggests that the two CN groups in MeQ are hydrogenated at comparable rates.
Genetics of perception and communication (1991)

Genetics of perception and communications , Genetics of perception and communications , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Robust tracking and compression for video communication (2003)

Principal components analysis has been studied by the computer vision community as a source of features for recognition of faces, objects and scenes. The use of the dominant principal components as "holistic" features for recognition has provided new insights into view invariant and illumination invariant recognition. Unfortunately, applications in object recognition generally require precise segmentation, and thus prove impractical. Nonetheless, under certain circumstances, principal components are optimal for reconstruction, and thus well suited for coding and compression of images. In such applications, precise tracking rather than segmentation, is required. Precise, stable tracking of faces renders principle components analysis well suited for video coding for video communications. In this paper we describe experiments with the use of principal components as a technique for coding and compression for video streams of talking heads. We describe a new robust tracking technique for normalizing the position and size of faces. We provide results of preliminary experiments with compression rates and image reconstruction quality using orthogonal basis coding for video communications. We show that a typical video sequence of a talking head can often be coded in less than 16 dimensions.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Its Biorelated Applications (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Its Biorelated ApplicationsWujian Miao†View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406† Telephone (601) 266 4716; fax (601) 266 6075; e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 7, 2506–2553Publication Date (Web):May 28, 2008Publication History Received19 November 2007Published online28 May 2008Published inissue 1 July 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068083ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068083areview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21190Altmetric-Citations1786LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Oxidation,pH,Phosphates,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
High yield synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa. (1986)

The radiofluorination of L-dopa with [18F]F2 was investigated with the purpose of improving the yield of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa. When boron trifluoride was added to the reaction mixture in hydrogen fluoride (HF), the yield was increased threefold. Nine millicuries of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa were produced from 100 mCi [18F]F2 routinely and reliably after 2 hr of preparation. If acetonitrile or water were substituted for HF, little or no 6-fluoro-L-dopa was made.
Suppression of APP‐containing vesicle trafficking and production of β‐amyloid by AID/DHHC‐12 protein (2009)

The metabolism of amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) is regulated by various cytoplasmic and/or membrane-associated proteins, some of which are involved in the regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking. We found that a protein containing Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) domain, alcadein and APP interacting DHHC protein (AID)/DHHC-12, strongly inhibited APP metabolism, including amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) generation. In cells expressing AID/DHHC-12, APP was tethered in the Golgi, and APP-containing vesicles disappeared from the cytoplasm. Although DHHC domain-containing proteins are involved in protein palmitoylation, a AID/DHHC-12 mutant of which the enzyme activity was impaired by replacing the DHHC sequence with Ala-Ala-His-Ser (AAHS) made no detectable difference in the generation and trafficking of APP-containing vesicles in the cytoplasm or the metabolism of APP. Furthermore, the mutant AID/DHHC-12 significantly increased non-amyloidogenic alpha-cleavage of APP along with activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17, a major alpha-secretase, suggesting that protein palmitoylation involved in the regulation of alpha-secretase activity. AID/DHHC-12 can modify APP metabolism, including Abeta generation in multiple ways by regulating the generation and/or trafficking of APP-containing vesicles from the Golgi and their entry into the late secretary pathway in an enzymatic activity-independent manner, and the alpha-cleavage of APP in the enzymatic activity-dependent manner.
Human-interface by recognition of human gesture with image processing-recognition of gesture to specify moving direction (2003)

The authors developed a human-interface system to specify the moving direction by recognition of beckon motion. In this system, the recognition of gesture is performed by using a colour image processing system. The communication between persons are performed by using not only voice but also the gesture. In noisy environment, if machines can recognize the human gesture as a command, one operates the machine easily like making command to another person by his gesture. Then, the authors propose a communication method from human to machines by recognition of human gesture with an image processing system. This system makes communication with machines similar to communication with another person. This system needs no special environment, for example a data glove, data suit or a black background for monochrome image processing. It is necessary only that the operator wear a glove of a colour not found in the background.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hollow‐fiber assay for ligand‐mediated cell adhesion (2003)

The hollow-fiber assay provides a general method to determine functional properties of molecular domains that interact with cell surface receptors and markers.
Structural study of circulating thymic factor: a peptide isolated from pig serum. I. Isolation and purification. (1977)

A circulating thymic factor (FTS) has been characterized by a bioassay based on its ability to render theta-negative rosette-forming cells theta-positive and azathioprine-sensitive. FTS was sequentially purified and finally isolated from 1000 liters of pig serum by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. Its amino acid composition and apparent molecular weight estimated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography, indicate that FTS is a nonapeptide of composition lysine, aspartic acid (or asparagine), serine 2, glutamic acid (or glutamine) 2, glycine 2, and alanine.
Omnidirectional Instantaneous Direction Finding System (1967)

A system for providing near-instantaneous determination of the azimuthal angle of arrival of a received signal has been designed and fabricated at L band. Direction is determined by phase measurement of the outputs of a multimode antenna, which has no moving parts. Effects of multipath interference are reduced to a minimum through a combination of signal processing techniques. The position of the transmitting source is presented on a PPI display.
Superoxide Dismutase 1 Subunits with Mutations Linked to Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Do Not Affect Wild-type Subunit Function (1995)

Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a dominantly inherited motor neuron disorder of midlife. Because SOD1 is a homodimeric enzyme, dimerization of mutant and wild-type SOD1 subunits could dominantly alter the activity, stability, or localization of wild-type SOD1 subunits. To explore these possibilities, we used transient and stable gene transfection to express high levels of either of two mutant human SOD1 subunits in the presence of limited levels of wild-type mouse and/or human SOD1 subunits. Although both mutant subunits displayed diminished half-lives and free radical scavenging activities, their presence caused no change in the half-life or activity of wild-type SOD1 subunits. Our data indicate that mutant subunits do not dominantly affect the function of wild-type SOD1 subunits. These findings, together with observations that many mutant SOD1 subunits retain significant stability and activity, suggest that motor neuron damage in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is caused by the acquisition of injurious properties by mutant SOD1 subunits.
MUCOID IMPACTION OF THE BRONCHI (1964)

Summary Five patients with mucoid impaction of the major bronchi are described. The condition is almost certainly a variant of plastic or fibrinous bronchitis, a condition recognized for many centuries. It is probably less rare than hitherto believed. It is more common in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis, but is not restricted to these diseases, as suggested elsewhere. It can readily mimic tuberculosis, carcinoma and Löffler's syndrome, and can lead to recurrent pneumonia, atelectasis, hæmoptysis and cystic bronchiectasis. The pathogenesis of mucoid impaction is unknown. The frequently associated eosinophilia suggests an allergic mechanism. One of our patients had a very successful result from prednisone therapy following at least five major episodes of bronchial impaction. Symptomatic medical treatment, including bronchoscopy and the exhibition of steroids if necessary, should be tried initially ; but in some cases major surgery may be necessary to remove areas of destroyed lung or to exclude carcinoma.
Regulation of myogenic progenitor proliferation in human fetal skeletal muscle by BMP4 and its antagonist Gremlin (2006)

Skeletal muscle side population (SP) cells are thought to be "stem"-like cells. Despite reports confirming the ability of muscle SP cells to give rise to differentiated progeny in vitro and in vivo, the molecular mechanisms defining their phenotype remain unclear. In this study, gene expression analyses of human fetal skeletal muscle demonstrate that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is highly expressed in SP cells but not in main population (MP) mononuclear muscle-derived cells. Functional studies revealed that BMP4 specifically induces proliferation of BMP receptor 1a-positive MP cells but has no effect on SP cells, which are BMPR1a-negative. In contrast, the BMP4 antagonist Gremlin, specifically up-regulated in MP cells, counteracts the stimulatory effects of BMP4 and inhibits proliferation of BMPR1a-positive muscle cells. In vivo, BMP4-positive cells can be found in the proximity of BMPR1a-positive cells in the interstitial spaces between myofibers. Gremlin is expressed by mature myofibers and interstitial cells, which are separate from BMP4-expressing cells. Together, these studies propose that BMP4 and Gremlin, which are highly expressed by human fetal skeletal muscle SP and MP cells, respectively, are regulators of myogenic progenitor proliferation.
Evolving neural networks to focus minimax search (1994)

Neural networks were evolved through genetic algorithms to focus minimax search in the game of Othello. At each level of the search tree, the focus networks decide which moves are promising enough to be explored further. The networks effectively hide problem states from minimax based on the knowledge they have evolved about the limitations of minimax and the evaluation function. Focus networks were encoded in marker--based chromosomes and were evolved against a full--width minimax opponent that used the same evaluation function. The networks were able to guide the search away from poor information, resulting in stronger play while examining fewer states. When evolved with a highly sophisticated evaluation function of the Bill program, the system was able to match Bill&apos;s performance while only searching a subset of the moves. 1 Introduction Almost all current game programs rely on the minimax search algorithm (Shannon 1950) to return the best move. Because of time and space constraints...
Performance comparison of different element shapes used in printed reflectarrays (2003)

A systematic study of the performance of reflectarrays with different element shapes is presented. The reflection properties of the printed elements versus their geometrical dimensions are calculated by using the method of moments (MoM)/boundary integral-resonant mode expansion (BI-RME) method, which permits the analysis of arbitrarily shaped elements. In order to compare the element performance, four parameters are defined as "figures of merit": the range of the reflection phase; the sensitivity to fabrication tolerances; the bandwidth; the cross-polarization level. Both classical (e.g., rectangles and rectangles with tuning stubs) and novel element shapes (e.g., ridge, dogbone) are considered in the case of single-layer structures; the novel proposed shapes exhibit a good tradeoff of all the figures of merit. Double-layer structures are also analyzed, which prove their superior performance at the cost of an increased fabrication complexity.
Web Services in Distributed Information Systems (2012)

Distributed information systems are growing rapidly in response to the improvement of computer hardware and software and this is matched by the evolution of the technologies involved. This paper focuses mainly on Web Services technology and discusses related technical issues including availability, performance and composition. It also introduces Grid, agents and Semantic Web technologies that can work together with Web Services to serve different business goals.
Improved erythrocyte lysis assay in microtitre plates for sensitive detection and efficient measurement of haemolytic compounds from ichthyotoxic algae (2001)

Haemolytic substances produced by ichthyotoxic algae often are unknown in molecular structure or specific mechanism of toxicity. Detection and quantification of such substances are dependent on bioassays, using markers that are sensitive for haemolytic impairment and generation of a recordable response. The erythrocyte lysis assay (ELA) represents an advantageous bioassay in this respect, because the lytic response can be measured photometrically by the amount of released haemoglobin. The aim of the present study was to establish an improved assay based on the ELA principle, for sensitive determination of haemolytic substances of microalgae and for high sample throughput. For this purpose we adapted the ELA to a 96-well microtitre plate format, which significantly reduced the sample volumes and allowed rapid processing of samples. Further improvement was achieved by measuring absorption of lysed erythrocytes at 414 nm, which significantly increased the sensitivity of the ELA compared to the measurements at 540 nm that are usually applied in this type of assay. Using carp (Cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes it was possible to detect haemolysis induced by 4 microg ml(-1) of saponin and as little as two haemolytic Alexandrium tamarense cells. It is suggested that this improved ELA in microtitre plates be used as a low-cost monitoring tool for detection and analysis of potential harmful algae. Furthermore, this ELA can be useful as a sensitive screening system for substances of pharmacological interest, e.g. selectively acting cytolytic antibiotics.