gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PET imaging of serotonin transporters with [11C]DASB: test-retest reproducibility using a multilinear reference tissue parametric imaging method. (2006)

Our results suggest that [11C]DASB parametric imaging of BP and R1 with the noninvasive MRTM2 method is reproducible and reliable for PET studies of SERT.
Analysis of low energy LEACH protocol based on ant algorithm (2010)

In order to solve the problem of transmitting to sink node directly from cluster-heads in wireless sensor network routing LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) algorithm,a routing algorithm based on ant-colony was proposed.The algorithm takes advantage of the characteristics of ant algorithm,i.e.being easy to be realized,and supporting multi-path to build cluster routing,through exchanging the information of its distance and remaining energy with its neighborhood.Then the distance and remaining energy of the neighborhood were integrated in the computation of pheromone concentration.The results of simulation show that the algorithm is of better performances in average energy dissipation,network lifetime prolonging and expansibility enhancing than LEACH.
New slot-coupled directional couplers between double-sided substrate microstrip lines, and their applications (2003)

A slot-coupled directional coupler between two microstrip lines that couples through a rectangular slot in the common ground plane has been proposed and fabricated for the 1.5-GHz band. The design method and the experimental results for this directional coupler are described, as well as its application to a planar multiport directional coupler (MDC). The measured 3-dB coupling results agreed well with the calculated results, as do the experimental results for a four-port MDC. A planar MDC configuration consisting of a combination of slot-coupled directional couplers has also been proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracking Growth and the Business Cycle: a Stochastic Common Cycle Model for the Euro Area (2003)

This paper proposes a new model-based method to obtain a coincident indicator for the business cycle. A dynamic factor model with trend components and a common cycle component is considered which can be estimated using standard maximum likelihood methods. The multivariate unobserved components model includes a stationary higher order cycle. Also higher order trends can be part of the analysis. These generalisationslead to a business cycle that is similar to a band-pass one. Furthermore, cycle shifts for individual time series are incorporated within the model and estimated simultaneously with the remaining parameters. This feature permits the use of leading, coincident and lagging variables to obtain thebusiness cycle coincident indicator without prior analysis of their lead-lag relationship. Besides the business cycle indicator, the model-based approach also allows to get a growth rate indicator. In the empirical analysis for the Euro area, both indicators are obtained based on nine key economic timeseries including gross domestic product, industrial production,unemployment, confidence indicators and interest rate spread. This analysis contrasts sharply with earlier multivariate approaches. In particular, our more parsimonious approach leads to a growth rate indicator for the Euro area that is similar to the one of EuroCOIN. The latter is based on a more involvedapproach by any standard and uses hundreds of time series from individual countries belonging to the Euro area.
Experimentally Determined Sequence Requirement of ACGT-Containing Abscisic Acid Response Element (2002)

The sequence requirement of the ACGT-containing abscisic acid response element (ABRE) was analyzed by systematically substituting the bases surrounding the ACGT-core of motif A, the principal ABRE of the rice gene, OSEM: This was done within the context of a 55-bp promoter fragment that minimally confers ABA-responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. Based on this analysis, the sequence requirement of the ACGT-containing ABRE was determined as ACGTG G/T C, which matched very well with the consensus derived from sequence comparison of ABA-responsive promoters.
Offering within-category food swaps to reduce energy density of food purchases: a study using an experimental online supermarket (2015)

Within category swaps did not reduce the ED of food purchases reflecting the observation that the use of swaps within an on-line shopping platform offered small potential gains in ED and a minority was accepted.
CARRIER CHOICES IN LOCATION : THE SYSTEM INTEGRATOR'S VIEW (2002)

Many outside technical and financial considerations will dictate which location tracking method wireless carriers adopt to meet the FCC requirement that wireless calls to 911 centers be trackable within a certain distance by December 31, 2005. Air interface, cell configurations and the degree of propagation of signals all influence the choice. Carriers are also weighing how they will integrate commercial location services and migration to new wireless technologies when they decide on which technology to use for meeting the location mandate.
RUPTURE OF BACTERIA BY EXPLOSIVE DECOMPRESSION (1962)

Foster, John W. (University of Georgia, Athens), Robert M. Cowan, and Ted A. Maag. Rupture of bacteria by explosive decompression. J. Bacteriol. 83:330-334. 1962.-A device is described for instantaneously rupturing bacteria and other cells in a closed system under controlled conditions by explosive decompression. With this device, 31 to 59% of Serratia marcescens, ranging up to 20 mg (dry wt) of cells per ml, were ruptured after nitrogen saturation at 1740 psi. Under similar conditions, 10 to 25% of Brucella abortus and Staphylococcus aureus were ruptured. Rupture of these organisms produced readily separable cell walls. Centrifugation in linear glycerol gradients was applied to further separate cell walls from debris. Mycoplasma gallinarum, Leptospira pomona, and Eimeria tenella (avian coccidia) oöcysts were also broken up by the decompression chamber. Pressure and duration of saturation of cells with gas affected rupture efficiency. Within the limits of this study, concentration of organisms and volume of suspensions did not have a definite effect.
Opposing actions of chronic Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinoid antagonists on hippocampal long-term potentiation (2007)

Memory deficits produced by marijuana arise partly via interaction of the psychoactive component, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), with cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus. Although cannabinoids acutely reduce glutamate release and block hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a potential substrate for learning and memory, the consequences of prolonged exposure to Delta(9)-THC for hippocampal function are poorly understood. Rats were injected with Delta(9)-THC (10 mg/kg, i.p., q.d.) for 1, 3, or 7 d, and electrophysiological recordings were performed in hippocampal slices 1d after the final injection. At this time, Delta(9)-THC was undetectable in hippocampus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Hippocampal LTP generated using high-frequency (HFS) or theta burst stimulation was not observed in brain slices from the 7-d Delta(9)-THC-treated animals. Delta(9)-THC also blocked HFS-LTP after 3 d, but not 1 d of treatment. The complete blockade of LTP persisted for 3 d after the last Delta(9)-THC injection, and full reversal of the LTP deficit was not observed up to 14 d following Delta(9)-THC withdrawal. The cannabinoid antagonist AM251 (2 mg/kg), administered before each Delta(9)-THC injection prevented the blockade of LTP, and 7-d treatment with AM251 alone significantly increased the level of LTP. Chronic Delta(9)-THC also produced tolerance to the inhibition of synaptic GABA, but not glutamate release by the agonist WIN55,212-2. These data define consequences of repeated Delta(9)-THC exposure for synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus that may help explain memory impairments in humans following chronic marijuana use.
Strictly Proper Mechanisms with Cooperating Players (2012)

Prediction markets provide an efficient means to assess uncertain quantities from forecasters. Traditional and competitive strictly proper scoring rules have been shown to incentivize players to provide truthful probabilistic forecasts. However, we show that when those players can cooperate, these mechanisms can instead discourage them from reporting what they really believe. When players with different beliefs are able to cooperate and form a coalition, these mechanisms admit arbitrage and there is a report that will always pay coalition members more than their truthful forecasts. If the coalition were created by an intermediary, such as a web portal, the intermediary would be guaranteed a profit.
Density functional theory (2002)

In Chapter 2 we explored some of the consequences of electron–electron interactions, albeit in some simple perturbative approaches and within the random phase approximation. There we found that the problem of treating these interactions is exceedingly difficult, even in the case where there is no external one–particle potential applied to the system. We have also explored some of the properties of noninteracting electrons in an external potential, in this case the periodic lattice potential. This led to the concepts of electron bands and band structure, subjects of fundamental importance in understanding the physics of metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Of course, in the real world, electrons in matter are subjected both to electron–electron interactions and to external potentials. How to include systematically and correctly the electron–electron interactions in calculations of real systems is truly a formidable problem.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells modulate T-cell phenotypes in allergic rhinitis. (2012)

These data demonstrate that iPSC-MSCs are capable of modulating T-cell phenotypes towards Th2 suppression through inducing Treg expansion, suggesting that iPSC-MSCs can be used as an alternative candidate to adult MSCs to treat allergic airway diseases.
Death of CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Lines Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Does Not Depend on Caspases or Apoptosis (2002)

A critical aspect of AIDS pathogenesis that remains unclear is the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces death in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. A better understanding of the death process occurring in infected cells may provide valuable insight into the viral component responsible for cytopathicity. This would aid the design of preventive treatments against the rapid decline of CD4(+) T cells that results in AIDS. Previously, apoptotic cell death has been reported in HIV-1 infections in cultured T cells, and it has been suggested that this could affect both infected and uninfected cells. To evaluate the mechanism of this effect, we have studied HIV-1-induced cell death extensively by infecting several T-cell lines and assessing the level of apoptosis by using various biochemical and flow cytometric assays. Contrary to the prevailing view that apoptosis plays a prominent role in HIV-1-mediated T-cell death, we found that Jurkat and H9 cells dying from HIV-1 infection fail to exhibit the collective hallmarks of apoptosis. Among the parameters investigated, Annexin V display, caspase activity and cleavage of caspase substrates, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) signal, and APO2.7 display were detected at low to negligible levels. Neither peptide caspase inhibitors nor the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-x(L) or v-FLIP could prevent cell death in HIV-1-infected cultures. Furthermore, Jurkat cell lines deficient in RIP, caspase-8, or FADD were as susceptible as wild-type Jurkat cells to HIV-1 cytopathicity. These results suggest that the primary mode of cytopathicity by laboratory-adapted molecular clones of HIV-1 in cultured cell lines is not via apoptosis. Rather, cell death occurs most likely via a necrotic or lytic form of death independent of caspase activation in directly infected cells.
Enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration through a poled bioresorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) guidance channel (2004)

In this study we investigated the effects of materials prepared with electrical poling on neurite outgrowth in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo. Neuro-2a cells were seeded on poled and unpoled poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) films and observed at time periods 24, 48 and 72 h post-seeding. The percentage of cells with neurites and the neurites per cell were quantified using light microscopy. At 48 and 72 h post-seeding, both the number of cells with neurites and the neurites per cell were significantly increased on the poled films compared to those on unpoled films. An established rat sciatic nerve model was used for in vivo studies to assess the effects of PLGA guides, poled for two different periods, on peripheral nerve regeneration. Guides were inserted in rats to bridge a 1.0 cm gap created in the right sciatic nerve. After four weeks, nerves regenerated through poled guides displayed a significant increase in conduction velocity and significantly increased numbers of axons across the guides, as compared to nerves regenerating through an unpoled guidance channel. Electrical poling was shown to promote neurite growth, axon regeneration and the conduction rate of the repaired nerve. We concluded that guides prepared with electrical poling enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.
Fractal dynamics of human gait: stability of long-range correlations in stride interval fluctuations (1996)

Fractal dynamics were recently detected in the apparently "noisy" variations in the stride interval of human walking. Dynamical analysis of these step-to-step fluctuations revealed a self-similar pattern: fluctuations at one time scale are statistically similar to those at multiple other time scales, at least over hundreds of steps, while healthy subjects walk at their normal rate. To study the stability of this fractal property, we analyzed data obtained from healthy subjects who walked for 1 h at their usual, slow, and fast paces. The stride interval fluctuations exhibited long-range correlations with power-law decay for up to 1,000 strides at all 3 walking rates. In contrast, during metronomically paced walking, these long-range correlations disappeared; variations in the stride interval were random (uncorrelated) and nonfractal. The long-range correlations observed during spontaneous walking were not affected by removal of drifts in the time series. Thus the fractal dynamics of spontaneous stride interval are normally quite robust and intrinsic to the locomotor system. Furthermore, this fractal property of neural output may be related to the higher nervous centers responsible for the control of walking rhythm.
Partitioning Tracer Test for Detection, Estimation, and Remediation Performance Assessment of Subsurface Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (1995)

In this paper we present a partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT) technique for the detection, estimation, and remediation performance assessment of the subsurface contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by examples of experimental and simulation results. The experimental results are from partitioning tracer experiments in columns packed with Ottawa sand. Both the method of moments and inverse modeling techniques for estimating NAPL saturation in the sand packs are demonstrated. In the simulation examples we use UTCHEM, a comprehensive three‐dimensional, chemical flood compositional simulator developed at the University of Texas, to simulate a hypothetical two‐dimensional aquifer with properties similar to the Borden site contaminated by tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and we show how partitioning interwell tracer tests can be used to estimate the amount of PCE contaminant before remedial action and as the remediation process proceeds. Tracer tests results from different stages of remediation are compared to determine the quantity of PCE removed and the amount remaining. Both the experimental (small‐scale) and simulation (large‐scale) results demonstrate that PITT can be used as an innovative and effective technique to detect and estimate the amount of residual NAPL and for remediation performance assessment in subsurface formations.
Total Synthesis of Leustroducsin B (2008)

Leustroducsin B was synthesized via a convergent route based on division of the leustroducsin molecule into three segments A, B, and C. Two coupling reactions (Julia coupling reaction and Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction) were employed for coupling of segments A and B: segment A1 for the Julia coupling reaction was prepared by a combination of Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and an epoxide-cleavage reaction with an organoaluminum reagent, while segment A2 for the NHK reaction was synthesized from optically active alcohol that had previously been prepared by lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution. Segment B, whose structure was modified with some functional groups, was synthesized from (R)-malic acid by a combination of Wittig reaction and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and segment C, containing a cyclohexane moiety, was prepared by asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction. Segment B was first coupled with segment A1 via the Julia coupling reaction, but the yield was low due to unexpected epimerization. The NHK reaction of segment A2 proceeded to give the coupling product in good yield. This product was coupled with segment C via Wittig and Stille coupling reactions, and finally, phosphorylation was carried out by partial hydrolysis of a cyclic phosphate to give leustroducsin B.
Vehicle class recognition of street-parking vehicles from side-view range images (2005)

This paper describes a novel method for recognizing the classes of street-parking vehicles. We have already developed the following two systems: one is vehicle recognition system based on local-feature configuration, and the other is detecting street-paring vehicles from side-view range images. In this paper, we combine these two systems to develop a new system with which we can not only count the number of street-parking vehicles but also recognize their class of vehicle type such as sedan, wagon, mini-van or so. We have confirmed that our classification algorithm is still robust on range images, performing outdoor experiments. Our system can recognize four vehicle classes of sedan, wagon, mini-van and hatchback from outdoor range images with accuracy of about 80%.
Analysis and Extension of the Ponomarenko et al. Method, Estimating a Noise Curve from a Single Image (2013)

In the article "An Automatic Approach to Lossy Compression of AVIRIS Images" N.N. Ponomarenko et al. propose a new method to specifically compress AVIRIS images. As part of the compression algorithm, a noise estimation is performed with a proposed new algorithm based on the computation of the variance of overlapping 8x8 blocks. The noise is estimated on the high-frequency orthonormal DCT-II coefficients of the blocks. To avoid the effect of edges and textures, the blocks are sorted according to their energy measured on a set of low-frequency coefficients. The final noise estimation is obtained by computing the median of the variances measured on the high-frequency part of the spectrum of the blocks using only those whose energy (measured on the low-frequencies) is low. A small percentile of the total set of blocks (typically the 0.5%) is used to select those blocks with the lower energy at the low-frequencies. Although the method measures uniform Gaussian noise, it can be easily adapted to deal with signal-dependent noise, which is realistic with the Poisson noise model obtained by a CCD device in a digital camera.
PEEKWC ultrafiltration hollow‐fiber membranes: Preparation, morphology, and transport properties (2003)

Abstract A series of hollow‐fiber membranes was produced by the dry–wet spinning method from PEEKWC, a modified poly(ether ether ketone) with good mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. The fibers were prepared under different spinning conditions, varying the following spinning parameters: polymer concentration in the spinning solution, height of the air gap, and bore fluid composition. The effect of these parameters on the water permeability, the rejection of macromolecules (using dextrane with an average molecular weight of 68,800 g/mol), and the morphology of the membranes was studied. The results were also correlated to the viscosity of the spinning solution and to the ternary polymer/solvent/nonsolvent phase diagram. The morphology of the cross section and internal and external surfaces of the hollow fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All membranes were shown to have a fingerlike void structure and a skin layer, depending on the spinning conditions, varying from (apparently) dense to porous. Pore size measurements by the bubble‐point method showed maximum pore sizes ranging from 0.3 to 2 μm. Permeability varied from 300 to 1000 L/(h −1 m −2 bar) and rejection to the dextrane from 10 to 78%. The viscosity of polymer solutions was in the range of 0.2 to 3.5 Pa s. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 841–853, 2004
Evolution of the Dispersed <i>SUC</i> Gene Family of <i>Saccharomyces</i> by Rearrangements of Chromosome Telomeres (1985)

The SUC gene family of Saccharomyces contains six structural genes for invertase (SUC1 through SUC5 and SUC7) which are located on different chromosomes. Most yeast strains do not carry all six SUC genes and instead carry natural negative (suc0) alleles at some or all SUC loci. We determined the physical structures of SUC and suc0 loci. Except for SUC2, which is an unusual member of the family, all of the SUC genes are located very close to telomeres and are flanked by homologous sequences. On the centromere-proximal side of the gene, the conserved region contains X sequences, which are sequences found adjacent to telomeres (C. S. M. Chan and B.-K. Tye, Cell 33:563-573, 1983). On the other side of the gene, the homology includes about 4 kilobases of flanking sequence and then extends into a Y' element, which is an element often found distal to the X sequence at telomeres (Chan and Tye, Cell 33:563-573, 1983). Thus, these SUC genes and flanking sequences are embedded in telomere-adjacent sequences. Chromosomes carrying suc0 alleles (except suc20) lack SUC structural genes and portions of the conserved flanking sequences. The results indicate that the dispersal of SUC genes to different chromosomes occurred by rearrangements of chromosome telomeres.
Number of Nephrons in Normal Human Kidneys and Kidneys of Patients with the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (1975)

A method of graded sieving for counting of glomeruli in removed kidneys is described. The number of nephrons (glomeruli) in six normal kidneys deriving from sutopsies of three children 22-73 months of age was 1.82 plus or minus 0.35 times 10-6. The results give a little higher number than most previous studies with which they are compared. In the kidneys of two 10- and 15-month-old patients with the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type the mean number of nephrons was 3.17 plus or minus 0.52 times 10-6 which is on the average 73% higher than in the normal kidneys studied. The number of nephrons in kidneys of five other patients showed an average of at least 3.42 plus or minus 0.30 times 10-6 the counting method being a little different. The unusually high number of nephrons in CNF kidneys seems to be fully evident.