gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relay Races (2001)

This article illustrates that micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) promises relief to designers seeking a smaller electromechanical option. A MEMS relay could offer the true ON/OFF characteristics of its conventional electromechanical equivalent in a device small enough to be integrated on the same die with semiconductor circuits. Raytheon Co.’s radio and terminal business in Fort Wayne, Ind., a unit of the Command, Control and Communication Systems division, believes MEMS will help produce highly efficient, software-controlled, digital radios for the military. The MEMS devices would replace solid-state switches and their associated components used to switch frequencies in communications systems. With fewer components, size, weight, and power consumption will shrink. The pursuit of a MEMS relay has developers experimenting with various actuating mechanisms and researching the materials and fabrication challenges associated with those mechanisms. Radant Technology plans to incorporate the Analog Devices design in a balloon-borne radar antenna that will scan for incoming cruise missiles from a height of 15,000 feet.
Alteration of E-cadherin and Alpha N-catenin Immunoreactivity in the Mouse Spinal Cord following Peripheral Axotomy (1997)

We examined the effects of peripheral axotomy on the immunoreactivity of E-cadherin and cadherin-associated protein alpha N-catenin in the spinal cord. E-cadherin is known to be exclusively expressed in lamina II of Rexed in the spinal cord dorsal horn. This expression disappeared by day 7 after axotomy and reappeared following nerve ligature (partial axonal regeneration model) on day 63. In contrast, it remained undetectable following nerve clipping (complete degeneration model). Alpha N-catenin was diffusely stained in the gray matter, and the immunoreactivity was specifically intense in the central canal and superficial dorsal horn. The expression of alpha N-catenin in the superficial dorsal horn was similarly reduced by day 7 after axotomy, but recovered by day 63 after nerve ligature. In contrast, it remained at the reduced level after nerve clipping. The alteration of alpha N-catenin immunoreactivity showed a similar pattern consistent with that of E-cadherin. Administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) rescued the immunoreactivity of substance P, which is known to disappear after peripheral axotomy, but not influence that of both E-cadherin or alpha N-catenin. These results clearly showed that peripheral axotomy simultaneously alters the immunoreactivity of E-cadherin and alpha N-catenin in the spinal cord, suggesting a correlation in the expression of both E-cadherin and alpha N-catenin in vivo. E-cadherin-alpha N-catenin complex might be crucial for plasticity of the spinal cord dorsal horn after peripheral axotomy.
Combining Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Photoactive Polymers for Photoconversion (2005)

A combination of van der Waals and electrostatic interactions was used to integrate SWNT and a suitably functionalized polythiophene into nanostructured ITO electrodes. In the resulting electron donor/acceptor nanocomposites, polythiophene represents the light-harvesting chromophore that readily donates an excited-state electron to the ground-state electron-accepting SWNT. Upon illumination, monochromatic incident photoconversion efficiencies between 1.2 and 9.3% were determined for single and eight-sandwiched layers, respectively.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VERY THIN OVERLAYS IN TEXAS (2009)

Very thin overlays 1-inch thick or less were placed as surface layers on five major highways in Texas. These mixes were designed in the laboratory to have a balance of good rut resistance as measured by the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT’s) Hamburg Wheel Tracking test and good reflection cracking resistance as measured by the Texas Transportation Institute's (TTI’s) Overlay Tester. These Crack Attenuating Mixes (CAM) were designed and constructed based on a new special specification, SS 3109. In the design phase the optimal asphalt content was initially determined using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor selecting the asphalt content that achieved 98% density after 50 gyrations. This approach worked well with stiff binders and top quality granite aggregates. However, design problems were encountered with the transition to softer binders and locally available materials. The researchers proposed an alternative design procedure where the performance tests are run first at a range of asphalt contents and a window defined where both rutting and crack resistance requirements are met. The CAM mixes designed have 100% passing the 3/8-inch sieve and binder contents ranging from 7 to 8.3% asphalt. Few construction problems were identified; these fine mixes are easy to compact and finish. However, on one project thermal segregation problems were identified which caused low density pockets and areas of raveling. Initial performance even over jointed concrete has been good, and skid resistance measurements looked very reasonable. The CAM mixes cost approximately 25% per ton more than the traditional mixes, but as they are placed as 1-inch thick mats rather than 2-inch thick, there is a clear economic advantage of using these high quality materials. TxDOT is in the process of updating SS 3109, and a statewide specification is scheduled for release in early 2009.
Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in Transmission Geometry (2002)

In both atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP MALDI) and vacuum MALDI, the laser typically illuminates the analyte on the front side of an opaque surface (reflection geometry). Another configuration consisting of laser illumination through the sample backside (transmission geometry) has been used in conventional MALDI; however, its use and the number of reports in the literature are limited. The viability of transmission geometry with AP MALDI is demonstrated here. Such a geometry is simple to implement, eliminates the restriction for a metallic sample holder, and allows for the potential analysis of samples on their native transparent surfaces, e.g., cells or tissue sections on slides.
Smart Processing of Plastics Through Vibration Controlled Shear-Thinning and Orientation (1997)

Abstract This paper covers the technology of melt vibration during the molding of plastic material (more specifically at low frequency) to reduce the viscosity and ease processability and to produce orientation benefits. The effect of vibration frequency and amplitude on melt viscosity is explained in terms of shear-thinning criteria. The effect of pressure, temperature and cooling rate on shear-thinning is also reviewed to predict how these variables interfere with melt vibration. Applications to injection molding, extrusion and blow molding of uneasily processable plastic melts (such as metallocenes polyolefins) are suggested.
Mouth Dissolving Films: Innovative Vehicle for Oral Drug Delivery (2013)

Mouth dissolving film becomes a novel approach to oral drug delivery system as it provides convenience and ease of use over other dosage forms such as orally disintegrating tablets buccal tablets and sublingual tablets, so mouth dissolving films are gaining the interest of large number of pharmaceutical industries. Mouth dissolving film was developed on the basis of technology of transdermal patch. Mouth dissolving films are thin solid dosage forms which when placed in the oral cavity; dissolve within few seconds without chewing and intake of water. The oral buccal mucosa being highly vascularized, drugs can absorbed directly and can enter the systemic circulation without undergoing first-pass hepatic metabolism. This advantage can be exploited in preparing products with improved oral bioavailability of molecules that undergo first pass effect. These films offer convenient way of dosing medication to pediatric, geriatric and bedridden patients. The sublingual and buccal delivery of a drug via thin film has the potential to improve the onset of action, lower the dosing and enhance the efficacy and safety profile of medicament. An ideal film should have the properties like pleasant taste, high stability and ease of handling. Present review provides an account of various formulation methods and their evaluation used in film formulations and applications of mouth dissolving film.
Neuropilin‐1 is not a marker of human Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg (2009)

Treg are immune cells that play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response. Although the transcription factor Foxp3 is widely accepted as the standard marker of Treg, specific surface markers are needed to better characterize these cells and decipher their mechanisms of action. Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1), a membrane protein primarily involved in the nervous system, was identified as a specific marker of murine Treg, but its expression has not been rigorously investigated in human Treg. Here we show that in contrast to murine Treg and regardless of their origins (blood, thymus, spleen, lymph node or tonsil), human Foxp3(+) Treg do not specifically express Nrp-1. However, a population of Foxp3(-) Nrp-1(+) T cells can be detected in human secondary lymphoid organs, and Nrp-1 expression is induced on peripheral blood T lymphocytes upon in vitro activation. We conclude that Nrp-1 cannot be used as a specific marker of human Treg, but might represent a novel activation marker of human T cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Numerical Assessment of Impact Behavior of Composite Laminates with Variable Interply Delamination Strength (2014)

The reasons of increasing use of composite laminates in modern aircrafts, vehicles and other applications are related to their high specific strength and modulus, together with their flexibility in design. Delamination is one of most common failure mechanisms for composite materials. By interleaving a nanofibrous mat between laminate plies it can be possible to control the interlaminar delamination strength. The nanofibrous mat at a laminate interface is impregnated by the resin during the curing process. In previous works, the authors tested delamination toughness and identified the cohesive zone properties of nanomats with varying fibre diameter, fiber arrangement (random, aligned) and mat thickness. The results showed that, by varying those parameters, a toughening or an embrittlement of the interface can be obtained. The modification induced by the nanomat can be therefore exploited in order to tailor the interply delamination strength of the laminate. The aim of this work is simulate the impact strength of a composite laminate giving different strength to interplies in order to proof that it is possible to increase the impact energy absorbed by the composite, in the perspective of optimization for use in impact attenuation.
Thiocyanate Solvent Polymeric Membrane Ion-selective Electrode Based on Cobalt(III) α, β, γ, δ-Tetraphenylporphyrin Anion Carrier (1988)

Abstract A solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode based on thiocyanato(α, β, γ, δ-tetraphenylporphynate)cobalt(III) was developed. The electrode membrane exhibits SCN−&gt;&gt;I−&gt;NO2−&gt;&gt;C1O4−&gt;HCO3−&gt;HPO42−&gt;Cl−≅Br−&gt;NO3−≅SO42− selectivity sequence with a preference for SCN− over ClO4− by 102.5–103.1. Response of the electrode is linear in the 10−5 to 10−1 M concentration range for SCN with a slope of −49±2 mV/log a.
The ArcB Sensor Kinase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Genetic Exploration of the Transmembrane Region (2000)

The Arc two-component signal transduction system of Escherichia coli regulates the expression of numerous operons in response to respiratory growth conditions. Cellular redox state or proton motive force (Delta(H(+))) has been proposed to be the signal for the membrane-associated ArcB sensor kinase. This study provided evidence for a short ArcB periplasmic bridge that contains a His47. The dispensability of this amino acid, the only amino acid with a pK in the physiological range, renders the Delta(H(+)) model unlikely. Furthermore, results from substituting membrane segments of ArcB with counterparts of MalF indicate that the region does not play a stereospecific role in signal reception.
Accelerometer Array and Method to Obtain a 3D Representation of the Spine Posture (2011)

Back pain is one of the most common health problems in developed societies. Stress and bad habits like having bad postures are often behind, so postural hygiene is highly recommended to prevent it. Systems to measure back posture based on piezoresistive or optical bend sensors, or on inertial sensors have been reported. This paper presents one based on eight accelerometers connected through I2C bus to a small board that provides wireless communication. Data is collected and sent to a PC for analysis and warning. The spine is modelled as a kinematic chain where each segment has an associated accelerometer, and a 3D representation of the spine is obtained for easy interpretation of data.
Terahertz quantum cascade laser integration with on-chip micromachined rectangular waveguides (2009)

Integration of THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with single-mode 75 μm x 37 μm rectangular waveguide components, including horn antennas, couplers, and bends, for operation at 3 THz has been designed and fabricated using thick gold micromachining. Measurements on the isolated waveguide components exhibit fairly low loss and integration with THz QCLs has been demonstrated. This technology offers the potential for realizing miniature integrated systems operating in the 3 THz frequency range.
VisualSec: A Secure Message Delivery Scheme for Online Social Networks Based on Profile Images (2009)

With rapid growth of Online Social Networks (OSN), more and more users are attracted to share their personal information or even cooperate in business via OSN. Therefore, the issues of privacy and security in OSN become more important than ever. In this paper, we address the issue of securely delivering message through OSN. A secure message delivery scheme based on profile images, called VisualSec, is proposed. One of the main differences between our scheme and existing schemes is that we utilize visual identifier, i.e., profile image which is common in OSN, as the public key. Furthermore, the proposed scheme does not depend on a single trusted authority (or multiple trusted authorities), instead, it is a fully distributed scheme exploiting social relationships formed by OSN to provide authentication and key generation services. With a profile image, one could encrypt and deliver messages which could only be decrypted by the user who is identical to that image. The implementation issues as well as the efficiency and security of VisualSec are discussed and evaluated in this paper. It is illustrated that the proposed scheme is a feasible and efficient solution for delivering message securely through OSN.
Purification of yeast –<i>E.coli</i>shuttle plasmid suitable for high transformation in<i>E.coli</i> (1989)

Journal Article Purification of yeast –E.coli shuttle plasmid suitable for high transformation in E.coli Get access Terry Y.-K Chow Terry Y.-K Chow MRC Group in Radiation Biology, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of SherbrookeSherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 20, 25 October 1989, Page 8391, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.20.8391 Published: 25 October 1989 Article history Accepted: 30 August 1989 Published: 25 October 1989
Highly efficient GaN-based light emitting diodes with micropits (2006)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) on GaN templates with high-density V-shaped micropits have been grown and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. Higher emission efficiency has been obtained for the fabricated LEDs compared with those without V-shaped pits. The high efficiency of the LEDs is mainly attributed to the increase in light extraction efficiency due to the light extraction from the sidewalls of the V-shaped pits. The improved internal quantum efficiency of the device resulting from the reduction of the dislocation density in the light emitting area also contributes to the high efficiency of the LEDs.
TOLYPOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC. I (1971)

Streptomyces sp. strain No. B2847 producing a new antibiotic, tolypomycin Y, was examined with reference to its taxonomic characteristics. The organism is characterized by the formation of sclerotic granules, which originate from aerial mycelia and are observed on most agar media. Other properties were compared with known species. The strain was judged to be a new species and the name Streptomyces tolypophorus nov. sp. proposed.
Hydrogen activation by 2-boryl-N,N-dialkylanilines: a revision of Piers’ ansa-aminoborane (2012)

Two 2-[bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl]-N,N-dialkylanilines reported here exemplify a new class of intramolecular frustrated B/N Lewis pairs. A structure closely related to this class structure was synthesized in 2003 by Piers et al. but was unable to activate H(2). The new aminoboranes can activate hydrogen at near ambient conditions; besides, one of them can hydrogenate imines and enamines in a catalytic fashion demonstrating the validity of the original Piers' approach to hydrogen activation with ansa-aminoboranes.
Integrated digital inverters based on two-dimensional anisotropic ReS2 field-effect transistors (2015)

Semiconducting two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are emerging as top candidates for post-silicon electronics. While most of them exhibit isotropic behaviour, lowering the lattice symmetry could induce anisotropic properties, which are both scientifically interesting and potentially useful. Here we present atomically thin rhenium disulfide (ReS2) flakes with unique distorted 1T structure, which exhibit in-plane anisotropic properties. We fabricated monolayer and few-layer ReS2 field-effect transistors, which exhibit competitive performance with large current on/off ratios (∼10(7)) and low subthreshold swings (100 mV per decade). The observed anisotropic ratio along two principle axes reaches 3.1, which is the highest among all known two-dimensional semiconducting materials. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated an integrated digital inverter with good performance by utilizing two ReS2 anisotropic field-effect transistors, suggesting the promising implementation of large-scale two-dimensional logic circuits. Our results underscore the unique properties of two-dimensional semiconducting materials with low crystal symmetry for future electronic applications.
Effects of reoxygenation on cells from hypoxic regions of solid tumors: analysis of transplanted murine tumors for evidence of DNA overreplication. (1990)

Transient exposure of cultured cells to conditions of extreme hypoxia can induce DNA overreplication and the generation of cellular variants. This effect may be important for the development of tumor heterogeneity, since hypoxia may arise in solid tumors as a result of vascular insufficiency. We have investigated whether reoxygenation of cancer cells obtained from hypoxic regions of solid tumors is associated with DNA overreplication. Murine tumor cells were isolated from i.m. transplants as a function of their distance from the vasculature using a technique which involves in vivo staining of tumor tissues with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (Chaplin et al., Br. J. Cancer, 51:569-572, 1985). Studies which determined the radiation sensitivity and cell cycle distribution of cells in the subpopulations indicated that cells were isolated from regions of the tumor which differed in oxygen levels. When KHT fibrosarcoma cells were isolated from hypoxic regions of tumors and introduced into culture (i.e., were reoxygenated), flow cytometric analysis revealed that they did not undergo any large scale DNA overreplication. These results indicate that hypoxic conditions which exist in transplanted tumors do not induce cells to undergo DNA overreplication to the same extent that is achieved after in vitro exposure of cells to hypoxia. We also found that at high concentrations (10 microM) the Hoechst dye itself induced DNA overreplication. These concentrations are frequently used to vitally stain cells for sorting according to DNA content, and this effect must be considered in the interpretation of such experiments.
Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Up-regulates Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor and Induces Apoptosis (1997)

The expression of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor is developmentally and growth regulated. In cultured R3T3 cells, expression of this receptor is markedly induced at the confluent state and with serum deprivation. In this study we demonstrated that the removal of serum from culture media resulted in the induction of apoptosis in these cells and the addition of angiotensin II further enhanced apoptosis. We have previously identified an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) binding motif in the mouse AT2 receptor gene promoter region. In this report, we observed that serum removal increased IRF-1 expression, with a rapid and transient decrease of IRF-2. To prove that the changes in IRFs after serum removal mediated apoptosis and up-regulated AT2 receptor, we transfected antisense oligonucleotides for IRF-1 or IRF-2 into R3T3 cells and observed that IRF-1 antisense oligonucleotide attenuated apoptosis and abolished the up-regulation of AT2 receptor. IRF-2 antisense oligonucleotide pretreatment did not affect the onset of apoptosis after serum removal; instead, it increased AT2 receptor binding and enhanced angiotensin II-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that increased IRF-1 after serum starvation contributes to the induction of apoptosis and that increased IRF-1 up-regulates the AT2 receptor expression after serum starvation, resulting in enhanced angiotensin II-mediated apoptosis.
Scattering induced crosstalk in active directional couplers (1996)

Scattering from defects in an integrated optical device causes phase randomization and depolarization. Scattered light can be recaptured by the waveguides of the device and perturbs modal fields. This leads to crosstalk in directional coupler switches. A defect-scattering-induced crosstalk model is developed and crosstalk in one-, two-, and three-electrode directional couplers is investigated with the model. The number of independent electrode voltages needed to tune out crosstalk is studied. Simulations show that scattering-induced crosstalk can be tuned out completely in active directional couplers with two independent electrode voltages. When modal differential loss and unequal taper coupling are taken into account, two independent electrode voltages are insufficient to tune out the crosstalk, whereas three independent electrode voltages are sufficient. This agrees with the conclusion from previous three-electrode directional coupler experiments.
An adaptive extension of combined 2D and 1D-directional filter banks (2009)

In this paper, we propose an extension of combined 2D and 1D-directional filter banks (TODFBs) with adaptive approach in their 1D-directional stages. TODFBs show better performance in image coding and denoising compared to the traditional wavelet transform (WT), however, they still have possibilities to improve their performance in image coding by adopting the adaptive directional WTs for their 1D-directional stages. An efficient method to determine the transform directions is also proposed. In image coding results, our proposed filter banks gain PSNR and visual quality improvements compared with the WTs and the non-adaptive TODFBs.