gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Frequency Converter Using a Liquid Crystal Cell as a Sensing Element (2012)

A new temperature-frequency converter based on the variation of the dielectric permittivity of the Liquid Crystal (LC) material with temperature has been demonstrated. Unlike other temperature sensors based on liquid crystal processing optical signals for determining the temperature, this work presents a system that is able to sense temperature by using only electrical signals. The variation of the dielectric permittivity with temperature is used to modify the capacitance of a plain capacitor using a LC material as non-ideal dielectric. An electric oscillator with an output frequency depending on variable capacitance made of a twisted-nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) cell has been built. The output frequency is related to the temperature of LC cell through the equations associated to the oscillator circuit. The experimental results show excellent temperature sensitivity, with a variation of 0.40% of the initial frequency per degree Celsius in the temperature range from -6 °C to 110 °C.
Effects of Apple Cider Vinegars Produced with Different Techniques on Blood Lipids in High-Cholesterol-Fed Rats (2011)

Red delicious apples were used to produce natural apple cider with and without inclusion of maceration. Traditional surface and industrial submersion methods were then applied to make vinegar from apple ciders. Apple cider vinegar samples produced with inclusion of maceration in the surface method had the highest total phenolic content, chlorogenic acid, ORAC, and TEAC levels. Cholesterol and apple vinegar samples were administered using oral gavage to all groups of rats except the control group. Apple cider vinegars, regardless of the production method, decreased triglyceride and VLDL levels in all groups when compared to animals on high-cholesterol diets without vinegar supplementation. Apple cider vinegars increased total cholesterol and HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and decreased liver function tests when compared to animals on a high-cholesterol diet without vinegar supplementation. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in hepatic steatosis. VSBM and VSB groups significantly decreased steatosis.
The Analysis of Repayment of Default Bonds: Evidence from China (2020)

In March 2014, Chinaâ€™s public offering bonds defaulted for the first time, this paper takes Chinese bond default and repayment data during 2014-2019, and investigates that implicit guarantee has a significant impact on the repayment of default bond. It shows the following findings: First, state-owned enterprises have a higher repayment rate after default than non-state-owned enterprises. Second, the stronger the comprehensive strength of the local government is, the higher the repayment rate will be after defaults. The higher the local government debt rate is, the higher the repayment rate will be after defaults. Third, the higher the bond rating, the higher the repayment rate of state-owned enterprise bonds compared with non-state-owned bonds. In low-rated bonds, the nature of enterprises has no significant impact on bond repayment. Finally, the paper investigates the impact of the event of "national launch of private enterprise bond financing support instrument in October 2018" on the repayment of default bonds, and finds that the impact of enterprise nature on bond repayment changes significantly before and after the event, which is consistent with the logic of other findings mentioned above.Â Â JEL classification numbers: G31, G32, G33, H63Â Keywords: Bond market, Default, Repayment, State-owned enterprise
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF DERIVATIVES OF 2,4‐DIAMINO‐ AND 2‐AMINO‐4‐(1H‐PYRAZOL‐1‐YL)PYRIMIDINE (1980)

Abstract Aus dem Nitramin (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit p‐Butylanilin (II) und anschließendes Erhitzen mit Phosphoroxychlorid das Chlorpyrimidin (IV) hergestellt, aus dem durch Substitution des Chlors die Diaminopyrimidine (VI) und das Hydrazinopyrimidin (VII) erhalten werden.
Realisation of nonrecursive delta-modulation filters using look-up tables (1987)

A look-up table realisation method for nonrecursive delta-modulation filters is described. The filtering process is optimal in the sense that it minimises the quantisation error due to the filtering operations. Several filter configurations based on this method are proposed. Any filtering behaviour can be achieved by the same filter network changing only the ROM contents, provided that the number of the filter coefficients does not exceed a maximum. Experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions.
Markov tracking for agent coordination (1998)

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) axe an attractive representation for representing agent behavior, since they capture uncertainty in both the agent's state and its actions. However, finding an optimal policy for POMDPs in general is computationally difficult. In this paper we present Markov Tracking, a restricted problem of coordinating actions with an agent or process represented as a POMDP Because the actions coordinate with the agent rather than influence its behavior, the optimal solution to this problem can be computed locally and quickly. We also demonstrate the use of the technique on sequential POMDPs, which can be used to model a behavior that follows a linear, acyclic trajectory through a series of states. By imposing a "windowing" restriction that restricts the number of possible alternatives considered at any moment to a fixed size, a coordinating action can be calculated in constant time, making this amenable to coordination with complex agents.
MAINTAINERS AND RESTORERS FOR THREE MALE-STERILITY-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS IN RAPE (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (1986)

The F 1 progenies from crosses involving 32 Brassica napus L. strains (including named cultivars) and male-sterile plants carrying one of the three cytoplasms, ogu, nap, and pol were evaluated for male fertility. All strains were found to be maintainers for the ogu cytoplasm. The fertility of the nap male-sterile plants were fully restored by 30 strains. The cultivar Bronowski partially maintained the nap male sterility, and segregation for male fertility/sterility was observed in the F 1 hybrid between nap male sterile plants and the cultivar Lergo. Lergo, therefore, appears to be heterogeneous for genes conditioning maintenance and restoration of this type of male sterility. Most strains were maintainers and the balance were partial maintainers for the pol cytoplasm. The F 2 and backcross data obtained under a controlled environment suggest that both the cultivars Karat and Westar possess a single dominant gene for the restoration of fertility in nap cytoplasm. Fertility in the pol cytoplasm was restored in the F 1 of crosses between pol B. napus and the B. juncea L. Czern. cultivar ZEM. Five male fertile lines of pol B. napus were selected from the ZEM crosses after five generations of backcrossing to B. napus cultivar Regent and three generations of self-pollination. Selection for fertility during backcrossing and self-pollination resulted in selection for an extra chromosome involved with male fertility restoration.Key words: Rape, Brassica napus L., CMS, maintainers, restorers
Manufacturing Strategy (2015)

Abstract Manufacturing strategy is a critical component of a firm's corporate and business strategies, comprising a set of well‐coordinated objectives and action programs aimed at securing a long‐term, sustainable advantage. It is commonly defined as a set of manufacturing objectives which support business objectives, and a set of policies, decisions, and actions aimed at achieving those objectives.
<i>Dkk1</i>and<i>Wnt3</i>interact to control head morphogenesis in the mouse (2008)

Loss of Dkk1 results in ectopic WNT/β-catenin signalling activity in the anterior germ layer tissues and impairs cell movement in the endoderm of the mouse gastrula. The juxtaposition of the expression domains of Dkk1 and Wnt3 is suggestive of an antagonist-agonist interaction. The downregulation of Dkk1 when Wnt3 activity is reduced reveals a feedback mechanism for regulating WNT signalling. Compound Dkk1;Wnt3 heterozygous mutant embryos display head truncation and trunk malformation, which are not found in either Dkk1+/- or Wnt3+/- embryos. Reducing the dose of Wnt3 gene in Dkk1-/- embryos partially rescues the truncated head phenotype. These findings highlight that head development is sensitive to the level of WNT3 signalling and that DKK1 is the key antagonist that modulates WNT3 activity during anterior morphogenesis.
High-performance supercapacitors based on silver nanoparticle–polyaniline–graphene nanocomposites coated on flexible carbon fiber paper (2013)

For practical use of supercapacitors, new electrode materials are needed with high ionic adsorption capacity at the solid–liquid interface, fast and reversible surface redox reaction, and fast charge transfer. In the current study, we produce a new hybrid material of electrochemical double layer capacitive graphene, pseudocapacitive polyaniline (PANI) and highly conductive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The nanocomposite of AgNP–PANI–graphene in a weight ratio of 0.1 : 1 : 1, coated on flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP), exhibits high specific capacitance and capacity retention. At an applied current density of 1.5 A g−1, the maximum specific capacitance of AgNP–PANI–graphene/CFP is 828 F g−1, which is about 4.0-, 2.2-, 1.6-, and 1.5-fold higher than those of graphene/CFP, PANI/CFP, AgNP–PANI/CFP, and PANI–graphene/CFP, respectively. The capacity retention of AgNP–PANI–graphene/CFP after a charge–discharge test having 3000 cycles is 97.5% of the original specific capacitance. This was 4.4, 12.9, 14.5, and 23.5% more stable than PANI–graphene/CFP, graphene/CFP, AgNP–PANI/CFP, and PANI/CFP, respectively. An 0.8′′ × 6′′ all-solid-state supercapacitor device composed of AgNP–PANI–graphene/CFP exhibited a specific capacitance of 142 F g−1 measured at an applied current density of 1.5 A g−1 and a wide working potential of 6.2 V after consecutive charge–discharge tests over a 16.40 h period. This fully charged supercapacitor could power a 3 V motor for 7.30 min.
Adaptive blind equalization coupled with carrier recovery for HDTV modem (1993)

An adaptive blind equalization coupled with carrier recovery for the high-definition television (HDTV) modem is introduced. The adaptive equalization, which is called a modified 'stop-and-go' algorithm (MSGA), is based on the combination of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and a 'stop-and-go' algorithm (SGA). The CMA is first used to initialize the coefficients; once initialized, the CMA is switched to the MSGA to complete the equalizer convergence. In order to obtain faster convergence, the Sato-like errors used in the SGA are replaced by errors used for updating coefficients in the CMA. The carrier recovery for coupling with the adaptive equalization uses the decision-directed technique. The calculation of absolute sum of error gives a simple and reliable way of switching from CMA to MSGA for the adaptive equalizer's coefficient updating procedure. Test results confirm that the proposed scheme is robust against impulsive and/or nonimpulse noise, multipaths, and carrier errors such as frequency offset, phase offset, and phase jitter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From dusk till dawn: Localisation at night using artificial light sources (2015)

This paper is about localising at night in urban environments using vision. Despite it being dark exactly half of the time, surprisingly little attention has been given to this problem. A defining aspect of night-time urban scenes is the presence and effect of artificial lighting - be that in the form of street or interior lighting through windows. By building a model of the environment which includes a representation of the spatial location of every light source, localisation becomes possible using monocular cameras. One of the challenges we face is the gross change in light appearance as a function of distance due to flare, saturation and bleeding - city lights certainly do not appear as point features. To overcome this, we model the appearance of each light as a function of vehicle location, using this to inform our data-association decisions and to regularise the cost function which is used to infer vehicle pose. In this way we develop a place-dependent but stable sensor model which is customised for the particular environment in which we are operating. We demonstrate that our system is able to localise successfully at night over 12 km in situations where a traditional point feature based system fails.
A low-power clock and data recovery circuit for 2.5 Gb/s SDH receivers (2000)

A low power monolithic Clock and Data Recovery IC for 2.5 Gb/s SDH STM-16 systems has been designed and fabricated using Maxim GST-2 27 GHz-f/sub T/ silicon bipolar technology. The circuit performs the following functions: signal amplification and limitation, clock recovery and decision; a single 3.3 V supply voltage is required, and power consumption results below 350 mW. This IC and a previously presented transimpedance amplifier so allows composing a chip set for the receiver with a total power dissipation below 0.5 W. Preliminary measurements under a 2/sup 23/-1 PRBS data stream have shown an input sensitivity below 20 mVpp and a rms jitter of 10 ps.
Weight Loss Following Thermal Injury (1973)

NEWSOME, THOMAS W. M.D. MAJOR, MC; MASON, ARTHUR D. JR. M.D.; PRUITT, BASIL A. JR. M.D., COL, MC Author Information
Variables to predict engraftment of umbilical cord blood into immunodeficient mice: usefulness of the non‐obese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient assay (2001)

Umbilical cord blood is an alternative stem cell source for patients without matched family donors. In this study, we examined several parameters that have not been studied in detail -- radiation dose, cell dose, age of mice, and maternal and neonatal characteristics of the cord blood donor -- that affect engraftment of cord blood in non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD--scid) mice. Engraftment, measured using flow cytometry analyses of human CD45(+) cells, was highest in 400 cGy-treated mice. Successful engraftment was demonstrated up to 6 months, with a mean engraftment of 31% (range 0--67%) of human cells in recipient bone marrow. Engraftment was skewed to B lymphocytes. The radiation dose of 350 cGy resulted in superior survival of the murine recipients compared with 400 cGy (P = 0.03). The sex of the NOD--scid recipients had a significant effect on survival (female superior to male, P = 0.01), but not on engraftment. There were high levels of variability among different cord units and among animals injected with the same cord unit. This variability may limit the clinical usefulness of the NOD--scid mice as hosts for the quantification of human stem cells.
Liver-specific p38α deficiency causes reduced cell growth and cytokinesis failure during chronic biliary cirrhosis in mice (2012)

Our results highlight a key role of p38α in hepatocyte proliferation, in the development of hepatomegaly, and in survival during chronic inflammation such as biliary cirrhosis.
Action of costal and crural parts of the diaphragm on the rib cage in dog (1982)

We studied the action of the costal and crural (vertebral) parts of the diaphragm on the lower rib cage in normal supine dogs. The two parts of the diaphragm were separately stimulated by electrodes directly implanted in the muscle or via the different phrenic nerve roots in the neck. The results of the experiments indicate the following. 1) The costal and crural parts of the diaphragm have a different segmental innervation and a different mechanical action on the rib cage. 2) The costal diaphragm expands the lower rib cage when it contracts. This rib-cage expansion is due mostly to the fulcrum of the abdominal contents and partly to the rise in abdominal pressure that takes place during diaphragmatic contraction. The pericardial attachments play no role in this action of the diaphragm. 3) The action of the crural diaphragm on the lower rib cage depends only on the balance between the inspiratory force exerted by the rise in abdominal pressure and the expiratory force exerted by the fall in pleural pressure. In the intact animal at functional residual capacity, these two opposite effects cancel each other. 4) The inflationary action of both parts on the rib cage decreases progressively as lung volume increases. The findings also suggest that the rise in abdominal pressure which occurs when the diaphragm contracts expands the lower rib cage by acting through the area of apposition of the diaphragm to the rib cage. These findings also strengthen the idea that the diaphragm actually consists of two muscles.
World's First Reverse-Port Uphill Openhole Gravel Pack with Swellable Packers (2009)

Abstract Brunei Shell Petroleum operates the Seria North Flank (SNF) field in Brunei Darussalam. When accessed from a land location, this near shore development requires that wells be drilled and completed at angles of up to 127 degrees to optimally develop the field. The wells are drilled from Brunei's coastline under the South China Sea intersecting the SNF fields while targeting the optimum points of recovery within the reservoirs. These "fishhook wells" require sand control over long uphill reservoir sections as well as a viable economic delivery method. Current sand control methods were deemed unlikely to succeed in this environment and as such these complicated uphill wellbore trajectories required the development of a novel, reverse-port gravel-pack system. This paper will discuss the gravel-pack system and how it addressed the difficult scenarios, including: How the openhole horizontal well was gravel packed from "toe to heel" as opposed to the conventional "heel to toe" method.Requirements for a tailored solution to carry the fluid through the system without bridging off in the workstring, washpipe or openhole sections.Well production and reservoir control The multi-layered reservoirs required a form of open-hole and internal zonal barriers in order to efficiently control the production of each zone. Swellable packers were used in both environments to assist in providing the selectivity of zones. In addition to these solutions, a delayed filter-cake removal system was used to clean up the polymers and filter cake in the open hole prior to production. Management and control of production of the multiple oil and gas zones is provided through the use of an intelligent completion system. These combined technologies enabled fully integrated well and reservoir management. The world's first successful reverse-port uphill gravel pack in a fishhook well was completed in August 2007. The details of the design of a reverse-port gravel-pack tool, fluid analysis, flow-friction behavior, filter cake testing, gravel-pack installation, and well performance results of this and other similar completions will be provided in this paper.
Visualizing Sequences of Debugging Sessions using Swarm Debugging (2019)

In Software Engineering, one of the most important activities is debugging. Debugging is a set of techniques to detect, locate, and correct faults in a computer program. Modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as Eclipse or Visual Studio, provide infrastructure to support interactive debugging, during which a developer explores the source code of the system under development or maintenance. Although IDEs encourage developers to work collaboratively, debugging is still an individual activity. Furthermore, interactive debugging activity is limited by IDE debugging features that do not store previous debugging sessions. This condition forces developers to repeat debugging execution sessions to review the debugging information. In this paper, using the concept of Swarm Debugging, we present the Sequence Debugging Session View (SDV) tool. The primary goal is to capture the debugging information from a developer IDE (as Visual Studio) and store it. Then, the tool enables developers to retrieve the data in 3D interactive visualization and understand software behavior through the analysis and sharing of debugging session data. The main contribution of the tool is to assist on program comprehension and to reduce effort during software maintenance. To validate the solution, we performed two usage studies in real situations at a software house. The feedback from the evaluation of the tool suggests that the team could be helped on the software arrangement.
Comparison of Procedures to Detect Chlamydia psittaci Antibodies in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) (1996)

Diagnostic serologic procedures for psittacine chlamydiosis were evaluated using experimentally inoculated cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Chlamydia psittaci was recovered from subjects on day 16 postinoculation. Seroconversion was confirmed by the direct complement fixation (DCF) test. The blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was demonstrated to be the most sensitive of three serodiagnostic procedures evaluated from inoculation until day 24 postinfection, with 92% sensitivity and 73% specificity. The DCF test was progressively more sensitive over the duration of the experiment, attaining 100% sensitivity and specificity on the day 24 postinfection. This study confirms the ability of the DCF procedure to adequately detect C. psittaci antibodies. Limitations relating to reproducibility of serologic results under clinical conditions found in this study indicate that a further refinement of tests is required to consistently detect and quantify antibodies.
Aggregation Phenomena of Model PS/PI Super-H-Shaped Block Copolymers. Influence of the Architecture (1996)

The super-H-shaped block copolymers belong to a new class of polymeric materials, the miktoarm stars (mikto from the Greek word μικτος meaning mixed), which includes star-shaped polymers in which from one or more junction points radiate different arms. Schematically, the super-H structure can be described as two three-arm stars which are bridged with a common fourth arm. Model super-H-shaped block copolymers of the PI3(PS-d8)PI3 type, where PI is protonated polyisoprene and PS-d8 is deuterated polystyrene, were synthesized by anionic polymerization using the chlorosilane approach. These nonlinear block copolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS), and membrane (MO) and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The micellar behavior of these stars was investigated in n-decane, which is a selective solvent for the PI part. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), LALLS, and viscometry were used in order to characterize the micelles. SANS measurements were performed at two different contrasts, where in each case one of the monomeric units was matched to the solvent. The coherent scattering cross sections of the single cores and coronas were determined by extrapolating low-concentration data to φ = 0. A theoretically calculated cross section of an unswollen hard sphere of PS-d8 was found to fit fairly well the experimental curves for the core. A calculated cross section of a hollow sphere with a constant density profile for the PI chains was found to describe the cross sections of the corona. Experimentally, it was found that the super-H structure increases the solubility and drastically reduces the aggregation number in comparison with linear PS/PI diblocks. A scaling approach is presented to take into account the specific influence of the SH structure on the micellar properties. It was found that the derived scaling laws of an intermediate regime between the starlike and the crewcut regime are in fair agreement with the experimental observations.
ABCG2 inhibitor YHO-13351 sensitizes cancer stem/initiating-like side population cells to irinotecan. (2013)

Combination therapy with irinotecan and YHO-13351 would not only accelerate the antitumor effect of this regimen, but also play a crucial role in preventing resistance or relapse.