gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Hard Layer on Metallic Material by EDM. (1997)

This paper describes a new method of surface modification by EDM to create a hard surface on the workpiece. When a metallic material that can make a hard carbide is used an electrode of EDM, hard layer can be made in a certain condition. The process begins with electrode wear by heat of EDM. Then worn electrode material is combineds with carbon which is a constituent of dielectric fluid and becomes hard carbide. The carbide is piled up on a workpiece and becomes a layer.In this paper, the relation between electrical conditions to form the layer and thickness of the layer is examined. When pulse duration is short, the workpiece tends to be machined and the layer is thin. While pulse furation is long, the workpiece does not tend to be machined and the layer becomes thick.It is found that this hard layer has high wear resistance. In a experiment to check wear resistance, the surface which is given a hard layer by EDM is found to be three times as resistant as the one without the layer, and it is more resistant than a surface with TiN layer with PVD.
CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ granular media for high-density perpendicular recording (2003)

SiO/sub 2/ added CoPtCr magnetic layers are employed for perpendicular recording media. The microstructure, magnetic properties, and recording performance of these media are discussed. Very fine grains with size of less than 7 nm, surrounded by grain boundaries mainly consisting of silicon oxide, are realized. The addition of SiO/sub 2/ to CoPtCr is very effective in enhancing the well-isolated fine grain structure without disturbing the epitaxial growth of the CoPtCr grains on the Ru underlayer. The media show a large perpendicular anisotropy K/sub u/ of /spl sim/4 /spl times/ 10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/ and a K/sub u/V/kT value of more than 80, even at a CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ thickness of 12 nm, resulting in a high coercivity H/sub c/ (/spl sim/4 kOe) and high squareness M/sub r//M/sub s/ of /spl sim/0.96. The CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ medium shows excellent signal-to-medium-noise ratio performance together with high thermal stability at very thin thickness, indicating great potential for high-density perpendicular recording media.
Distinct expression pattern of the full set of secreted phospholipases A2 in human colorectal adenocarcinomas: sPLA2-III as a biomarker candidate (2008)

Recent studies suggest that secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) represent attractive potential tumour biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various cancers. As a first step to address this issue in human colorectal cancer, we examined the expression of the full set of sPLA2s in sporadic adenocarcinomas and normal matched mucosa from 21 patients by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In normal colon, PLA2G2A and PLA2G12A were expressed at high levels, PLA2G2D, PLA2G5, PLA2G10 and PLA2G12B at moderate levels, and PLA2G1B, PLA2G2F and PLA2G3 at low levels. In adenocarcinomas from left and right colon, the expression of PLA2G3 was increased by up to 40-fold, while that of PLA2G2D and PLA2G5 was decreased by up to 23- and 14-fold. The variations of expression for sPLA2-IID, sPLA2-III and sPLA2-V were confirmed at the protein level. The expression pattern of these sPLA2s appeared to be linked respectively to the overexpression of interleukin-8, defensin alpha6, survivin and matrilysin, and downregulation of SFRP-1 and RLPA-1, all these genes being associated to colon cancer. This original sPLA2 profile observed in adenocarcinomas highlights the potential role of certain sPLA2s in colon cancer and suggests that sPLA2-III might be a good candidate as a novel biomarker for both left and right colon cancers.
Evidence of in vivo existence of Borrelia biofilm in borrelial lymphocytomas (2016)

Lyme borreliosis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, has grown into a major public health problem. We recently identified a novel morphological form of B. burgdorferi, called biofilm, a structure that is well known to be highly resistant to antibiotics. However, there is no evidence of the existence of Borrelia biofilm in vivo; therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the presence of Borrelia biofilm in infected human skin tissues. Archived skin biopsy tissues from borrelial lymphocytomas (BL) were reexamined for the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato using Borrelia-specific immunohistochemical staining (IHC), fluorescent in situ hybridization, combined fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-IHC, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescent and atomic force microscopy methods. Our morphological and histological analyses showed that significant amounts of Borrelia-positive spirochetes and aggregates exist in the BL tissues. Analyzing structures positive for Borrelia showed that aggregates, but not spirochetes, expressed biofilm markers such as protective layers of different mucopolysaccharides, especially alginate. Atomic force microscopy revealed additional hallmark biofilm features of the Borrelia/alginate-positive aggregates such as inside channels and surface protrusions. In summary, this is the first study that demonstrates the presence of Borrelia biofilm in human infected skin tissues.
The SCF Ubiquitin E3 Ligase (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discovery of the SCF Complex The Components of the SCF Complex Roc1/Rbx1/Hrt1 Cullin-1 (Cul1) Skp1 F-box Proteins E2-conjugating Enzymes for the SCF E3 Ligases Substrates and Substrate Recognition Skp2 and Its Substrates β-Trcp and Its Substrates Yeast Cdc4 and Its Substrates Structure of the SCF E3 Ligase Complex Regulation of SCF Activity The SCF Complex and the Related Cullin-containing Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Perspectives
Detection of Antigen Interactions Ex Vivo by Proximity Ligation Assay: Endogenous Dopamine D2-Adenosine A2A Receptor Complexes in the Striatum (2011)

The existence of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimers and/or oligomers has been demonstrated in heterologous systems using a variety of biochemical and biophysical assays. While these interactions are the subject of intense research because of their potential role in modulating signaling and altering pharmacology, evidence for the existence of receptor interactions in vivo is still elusive because of a lack of appropriate methods to detect them. Here, we adapted and optimized a proximity ligation assay (PLA) for the detection in brain slices of molecular proximity of two antigens located on either the same or two different GPCRs. Using this approach, we were able to confirm the existence of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptor complexes in the striatum of mice ex vivo.
Potentiation of the anti-tumour effects of Photofrin®-based photodynamic therapy by localized treatment with G-CSF (2000)

Photofrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been approved for palliative and curative purposes in cancer patients. It has been demonstrated that neutrophils are indispensable for its anti-tumour effectiveness. We decided to evaluate the extent of the anti-tumour effectiveness of PDT combined with administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as well as the influence of Photofrin and G-CSF on the myelopoiesis and functional activity of neutrophils in mice. An intensive treatment with G-CSF significantly potentiated anti-tumour effectiveness of Photofrin-based PDT resulting in a reduction of tumour growth and prolongation of the survival time of mice bearing two different tumours: colon-26 and Lewis lung carcinoma. Moreover, 33% of C-26-bearing mice were completely cured of their tumours after combined therapy and developed a specific and long-lasting immunity. The tumours treated with both agents contained more infiltrating neutrophils and apoptotic cells then tumours treated with either G-CSF or PDT only. Importantly, simultaneous administration of Photofrin and G-CSF stimulated bone marrow and spleen myelopoiesis that resulted in an increased number of neutrophils demonstrating functional characteristics of activation. Potentiated anti-tumour effects of Photofrin-based PDT combined with G-CSF observed in two murine tumour models suggest that clinical trials using this tumour therapy protocol would be worth pursuing.
Ion implantation into diamond (1978)

Abstract The data on the possibilities of controlling of the properties of diamond by ion implantation are presented and analyzed.
Knowledge Discovery and interactive Data Mining in Bioinformatics - State-of-the-Art, future challenges and research directions (2014)

Computers are incredibly fast, accurate, and stupid.
 Human beings are incredibly slow, inaccurate, and brilliant.
 Together they are powerful beyond imagination
 (Einstein never said that [1]).
Direct selection of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using an anti‐CD49a antibody reveals their CD45<sup>med,low</sup> phenotype (2003)

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) generate, via a fibroblast colony-forming unit (CFU-F), osteo-chondroblastic cells as well as adipocytes and stromacytes. To date, these stem cells are isolated indirectly using a cell culture method and phenotyped as CD45 negative while the in vivo counterparts are undetermined. Our aim was to develop a direct selection method and to determine the phenotype of the MSC isolated in this way. Mesenchymal cells were selected with anti-CD49a and/or anti-CD45 antibodies using either flow cytometry or a magnetic beads method. All CFU-F were always detected in the small population of CD49a-positive cells. These CFU retained their differentiation potential and gave rise to osteo-chondroblastic cells, adipocytes and stromacytes. Phenotypic studies on uncultured cells revealed a CD45med,low, CD34low, HLA-II- cell population. Flow cytometry cell sorting showed that MSC with CFU-F potential were obtained only from a CD49a+/CD45med,low population. In addition, when cultured, they clearly became CD45-, CD34-, HLA-II-, CD49a+. These results confirmed that MSC can be directly selected easily from human bone marrow using magnetic beads without altering their differentiation potential. These cells expressed mildly the haematopoietic marker CD45, which was dramatically downregulated by in vitro culture. The expression of CD45 coupled to CD49a thus enabled direct selection of the MSC.
Modeling of Configurations for Embedded System Implementations in MARTE (2010)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
On the Mechanism of the General Acid-Catalysed Cyclization of Hydantoic Acid Esters (2000)

The mechanisms of acy 1 transfer reactions in ureas are of particular interest because of their relevance to the action of biotin [I]. The use of sterically strained substrates in which the rate of intramolecular cyclization is greatly increased enabled us to study various model systems under mild conditions [21. A previous study of ours [3] addressed the mechanism of the general acid catalysed, GAC, cyclization of hydantoic acids and esters by studying the effect of the basicity of the nucleophile. The proton transfer involved in the rate-determining step was assigned from the Br0nsted a-values when methyl ureido is changed by a phenylureido group. Consideration of alternate route diagrams [4] led to the choice of transition state A, initially suggested by GULER and MOODIE [5]. The latter had also proven by means of 180 exchange experiments with 5-methylhydantoic acid that C-N formation was the slow step with respect to heavy atom reorganisation. Our studies on 180-exchange in the acid-catalysed cyclization of ,8-ureido acids confirmed rate determining C-N formation with an w-methyl derivative [6] . However, the rate dependence of w-methyl vs. w-phenyl derivatives on sulphuric acid concentration in moderately concentrated solutions as well as a similar study [7] on the cyclization of 5-arylhydantoic acids was interpreted in favour of the alternate transition state B based on treating the mfm*-values of Cox-Yates as Br0nsted a in alternate route diagrams:
Pathogenesis and genetics of psoriasis. (1998)

Our ever-expanding knowledge of the pathogenesis of psoriasis has finally matched that of other genetically based autoimmune diseases. No longer simply considered a disease of the skin, psoriasis is now widely recognized as a hereditary-based, systemic disease with cutaneous manifestations. The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves both genetic predisposition and T cell-dependent mechanisms. Population, family, and twin studies all strongly suggest an important genetic component, coupled with an environmental trigger, in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Furthermore, genetic-linkage studies have found multiple genetic loci for psoriasis. The autoimmune component of psoriasis is substantiated by multiple findings, including the isolation of activated T cells within the lesions. Our current therapies for psoriasis are not target-specific. As we further unravel the genetic basis for psoriasis, treatments will improve together with the exciting potential for gene therapy in the future.
A Parkinson-like syndrome as side effect of chemotherapy with vincristine and adriamycin in a child with acute leukaemia. (1979)

A 9 month old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed signs compatible with an extrapyramidal lesion (rough tremor of the skeletal muscles, more pronounced on the left side, with hypotonia and reduced cutaneous reflexes). This problem started 4 days after the second weekly course of chemotherapy with Vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (25 mg/m2) and lasted with varying intensity until death 4 weeks later. Toxicity of either drug (or both) to the central nervous system was invoked as a likely explanation and Vincristine was considered to be more likely condidate for that effect.
Efficient parallelisation techniques for applications running on GPUs using the CUDA framework (2009)

Modern graphic processing units (GPU) are powerful parallel processing multi-core\ndevices that are found in most computers today. The increase in processing resources\nof the GPU, coupled with improvements and flexibility of the programming frameworks,\nhas increased the interest in general purpose programming on theGPU(GPGPU).\nIn this thesis, we investigate how the GPU architecture and its processing capabilities\ncan be utilised in general purpose applications using the NVIDIA compute unified device\narchitecture (CUDA) framework. With the large number of CUDA applications\nbeing developed, we investigate how CUDA applications can share the GPU resource\nand see what challenges are connected with concurrent applications executing on the\nGPU. As a basis for our investigation, we implement the advanced encryption standard\n(AES) to learn how to use the framework, and how to increase performance of a\nCUDA application.\nOur results show that there is little support for concurrency in the CUDA framework\nat present time, as the GPU accesses are serialised, with no support for preemption\nor sharing of the resource. We have implemented a static scheduler to see if it could\nimprove concurrency, but due to the hardware abstraction CUDA offers we could not\ncontrol the scheduling as we wanted. When developing the AES application we saw\nthe importance of memory optimisations in CUDA applications, and we present ways\nof optimising memory accesses together with optimisation concurrent execution between\nthe CPU and GPU.
Comparison of Several Novel Annular-Ring Microstrip Patch Antennas for Circular Polarization (2006)

Abstract Several novel compact circularly-polarized probe-fed annular-ring microstrip patch antennas are examined experimentally and numerically. In order to reduce the antenna size and provide a suitable input impedance match, two techniques are employed; the insertion of strips into the annular ring and placing a cross-slot into the ground plane. The proposed annular-ring patch with a cross-slotted ground plane yields a much smaller size for a given frequency. This novel patch antenna can effectively be reduced by about 55 percent in size compared to conventional annular-ring patch antennas. The antenna displays wide bandwidth and good circular polarization characteristics. The results of a parametric study for three novel strip-loaded annular-ring patch antennas and for the compact circular patch antenna augmented by a narrow annular ring with a cross-slotted ground plane are discussed in this paper.
Nondestructive evaluation of green defect-prone red oak lumber: a pilot study. (1995)

A BSTRAC T Honeycomb and surface checks are lumber drying defects that can go undetected and result in considerable losses during further processing of the lumber into products. This paper summarizes results of a pilot study designed to investigate use of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to identify sections of green lumber that would form honeycomb and surface checks during drying. A series of 1-1/4-inch(31.75-mm-) thick, green red oak specimens were evaluated using ultrasonic through transmission NDE techniques. The specimens were then dried. A strong relationship was observed between excessively lengthy sound transmission times in the green lumber and the occurrence of honeycomb and surface checks after the lumber was dried.
TUTORIAL COMMENTS ON LEHRMAN MANUAL [QE 4(1)] (1992)

Key Words: Probability distribution plottingProbability density functionCumulative density functionCapability indicesRobust parameter estimatesGumbel distributionChi-square distributionNon-normal distributionsFrequency talliesSturges'ruleMedian regression line
Overview of Fine‐Scale Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composite Processing (1995)

In the past two decades, piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites with different connectivities have been developed for transducer applications such as hydrophones, biomedical imaging, nondestructive testing, and air imaging. Recently, much attention has been given to fine‐scale piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites. These composites allow higher operating frequencies, and thus increased resolution, in medical imaging transducers. In this review, methods for processing fine‐scale piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites are discussed. The current capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses of each method are compared. The importance of spatial scale in composite performance is also reviewed. Several of the processing methods have demonstrated composites with fine‐scale ceramic phases (<50 μm), and others have potential to form composites with a ceramic scale of under 20 μm.
An omnidirectional range sensor for environmental 3-D reconstruction (2010)

In this paper we present a patented sensor devoted to the high precision 3D omnidirectional reconstruction. This sensor is based on the profilometer approach, but exploits a catadioptric system to get a very large field of view. After a theoretical presentation of the sensor's functionality and an analysis on its sensitivity, a designing strategy has been defined. Indoor and outdoor environmental reconstructions performed by a prototypal implementation of the sensor are also shown.
4-Hexylbithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2‘3‘-<i>e</i>]pyridine:  An Efficient Electron-Accepting Unit in Fluorene and Indenofluorene Copolymers for Light-Emitting Devices (2004)

4-Hexylbithienopyridine has been prepared as a novel electron-accepting monomer for conjugated polymers. To test its electronic properties, alternating copolymers with fluorene and indenofluorene polymers have been prepared. The copolymers displayed reduction potentials about 0.5 V lower than for the corresponding fluorene and indenofluorene homopolymers, indicating much improved electron-accepting properties. Analysis of the microscopic morphology of thin films of the copolymers by AFM shows that they lack the extensive supramolecular order seen with the homopolymers, which is attributed to the bithienopyridine units disrupting the π-stacking. LEDs using these polymers as the emitting layer produce blue-green emission with low turn-on voltages with aluminum electrodes confirming their improved electron affinity. The indenofluorene copolymer displayed an irreversible red shift in emission at high voltages, which is attributed to oxidation of the indenofluorene units. This red shift occurred at higher potentials than for indenofluorene homopolymers in LEDs, suggesting that the heterocyclic moieties offer some protection against electrically promoted oxidation.
Streptokinases Produced by Pathogenic Group C Streptococci Demonstrate Species-Specific Plasminogen Activation (1991)

The species specificities of plasminogen activation and binding of plasmin by pathogenic group C streptococci isolated from humans, horses, and pigs were examined. Of 56 streptococcal isolates, 52 elaborated plasminogen activator activity and 49 of these had specificity for plasminogen of the homologous host. Analysis of supernatants from 13 isolates indicated that the plasminogen activator activity resulted from secreted streptokinases. These 13 streptokinases were antigenically related and bound all three plasminogens, indicating that the binding recognition sites were conserved despite the observed species-specific activation. In addition, all group C isolates tested demonstrated surface receptors that bound human, equine, and porcine plasmin. Species-specific plasminogen activation may be an early step in events resulting in infection and may account for the species preference of certain streptococci.
Arabidopsis Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase2 Prevents Cellular Oxidative Damage in Long Nights[W] (2004)

Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (PMSR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that repairs oxidatively damaged proteins. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a null mutation in PMSR2 (pmsr2-1), encoding a cytosolic isoform of the enzyme, exhibited reduced growth in short-day conditions. In wild-type plants, a diurnally regulated peak of total PMSR activity occurred at the end of the 16-h dark period that was absent in pmsr2-1 plants. This PMSR activity peak in the wild-type plant coincided with increased oxidative stress late in the dark period in the mutant. In pmsr2-1, the inability to repair proteins resulted in higher levels of their turnover, which in turn placed an increased burden on cellular metabolism. This caused increased respiration rates, leading to the observed higher levels of oxidative stress. In wild-type plants, the repair of damaged proteins by PMSR2 at the end of the night in a short-day diurnal cycle alleviates this potential burden on metabolism. Although PMSR2 is not absolutely required for viability of plants, the observation of increased damage to proteins in these long nights suggests the timing of expression of PMSR2 is an important adaptation for conservation of their resources.
Position Sensing by Charge Division (1976)

A summary of a comprehensive analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of position sensing by charge division from resistive electrodes is presented. Properties of transformer decoupling of the resistive electrode from detection bias voltage are analyzed and compared to the usual capacitive decoupling methods. Optimization and limitation of signal shaping is discussed as a function of diffusion time constant, signal rise times, and noise.