gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Density yield relationships and economic injury level model for the Colorado potato beetle larvae on potatoes (1991)

Summary A three year study revealed that the relationship between the density of Colorado potato beetle larvae per stalk and a decrease in the yield of potatoes can be described by a model comprised of two straight lines. Potato cv. Superior was found to have a damage boundary of 12 larvae per stalk, which is the maximum level of injury or pest density below which no noticeable yield loss occurs. The economic injury level was estimated as a function of larval density in relation to yield, cost of protection, efficacy of treatment, value of the crop and expected harvest in the absence of any loss.
WhoPay: A Scalable and Anonymous Payment System for Peer-to-Peer Environments (2006)

An electronic payment system ideally should provide security, anonymity, fairness, transferability and scalability. Existing payment schemes often lack either anonymity or scalability. In this paper we propose WhoPay, a peer-topeer payment system that provides all the above properties. For anonymity, we represent coins with public keys; for scalability, we distribute coin transfer load across all peers, rather than rely on a central entity such as the broker. This basic version of WhoPay is as secure and scalable as existing peer-to-peer payment schemes, while providing a much higher level of user anonymity. We also introduce the idea of real-time double spending detection by making use of distributed hash tables (DHT). Simulation results show that the majority of the system load is handled by the peers under typical peer availability, indicating that WhoPay should scale well.
Bulk to nanoscale magnetism and exchange bias in CuO nanoparticles (2001)

Detailed studies of the temperature (5--350 K) and magnetic field variations (up to $H=50\mathrm{kOe})$ of the magnetization of CuO nanoparticles of nominal size range 37--6.6 nm are reported. These particles were synthesized by the sol-gel method in combination with high-temperature annealing, followed by structural characterization by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. With a decrease in particle size d from 37 to 10 nm, the unit-cell volume and b axis increased and the bulk N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}$ decreased according to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{m}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}{T}_{N}/\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}b=30.$ For particles with $d<10\mathrm{nm},$ there is a more rapid lattice expansion and the magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} varied as $1/d,$ accompanied by a weak ferromagnetic component and hysteresis loops. For the 6.6-nm particles for which detailed studies are reported, there is a rapid increase in the coercivity ${H}_{c}$ and the remanence ${M}_{r}$ below 40 K accompanied by an exchange bias ${H}_{E}$ for the field-cooled samples in $H=50\mathrm{kOe}.$ From 10 to 40 K, ${H}_{E}$ decreases monotonically to zero. However, above 40 K, a symmetric hysteresis loop is observed, with ${H}_{c}$ decreasing weakly towards zero as temperature increases towards 330 K. The hysteresis loop and the $1/d$ variation of \ensuremath{\chi} are interpreted in terms of uncompensated surface ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins, whereas the transition at 40 K is suggested to be ${T}_{N}$ of the spins in the core of 6.6-nm particles. Similarities to the hysteresis loops observed in the Permalloy/CoO system are noted.
Raft thermocline thermal storage (1983)

A raft thermocline thermal storage system consists of an insulated platform floating between the hot and cold regions of a liquid in a storage tank. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the raft's stability and effectiveness in delivering thermal energy. Water was employed as the storage fluid. The effects of inlet orientation (side, tangential, or vertical), flow rate, and raft insulation were measured and compared with a natural thermocline. The raft thermocline's effectiveness in achieving a thermal separation of the fluid was measured, and the critical Richardson number was found to be significantly different from that of natural thermoclines. The raft thermocline's effectiveness was equal to or better than that of a natural thermocline at all flow conditions.
Control Strategy for Fault-Tolerant Cascaded Multilevel Converter based STATCOM (2007)

Cascaded multilevel converters have been widely used in STATCOM application. Attentions were drawn to the issue of reliability because of the high number of power devices. In this paper, the concept of redundancy is applied to improve the reliability of CMC, a protection scheme to achieve HBBB redundancy in CMC-based STATCOM is proposed. The operating principle and control strategy are introduced and discussed. A 7-level CMC-based STATCOM simulation platform is set up. Controller for the system is designed. Proposed protection scheme is implemented. Simulation results verify the proposed HBBB redundancy protection scheme.
Chemically modified graphene/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) electroactive polymer nanocomposites with superior electromechanical performance (2011)

Graphene nanosheets (GNS) were functionalized with 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)-aniline to achieve homogeneous dispersion and favorable interfacial interactions in the poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluorethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer matrix. The effects of functionalized GNS (FGNS) on the dielectric, mechanical, and electromechanical actuation properties of the FGNS/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer nanocomposites were systematically evaluated. It was found that incorporating FGNS into the P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer, even at low loading levels (e.g., ∼1.0 vol%), increased the dielectric constant, Young's modulus, tensile strength, and electromechanical actuation performance of the resulting FGNS/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer nanocomposites drastically.
A mixed-signal GFSK demodulator for Bluetooth (2006)

A discrete-time mixed-signal Gaussian frequency-shift keying demodulator designed for a low intermediate frequency Bluetooth receiver performs FSK demodulation. Employing passive sampling and time-domain differentiation techniques, the demodulator performs quadrature demodulation while tolerating up to 200-kHz frequency offset. A distributed array of interleaved sampling circuits and a low-voltage multiplier allow both low-voltage operation and low power dissipation. Fabricated in a CMOS 0.25-/spl mu/m technology, the demodulator only dissipates 6 mW from a 2-V power supply.
The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation on Smartphone Addiction in School Children (2019)

BACKGROUND: Aim of current study was to examine the effects of school-based mind subtraction meditation program on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health of third grade students in a South Korean elementary school. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent comparison groups was used. An experimental group (n = 24), who participated in the school-based meditation program, and a control group (n = 22), who did not participate in the program, were measured pre-test, post-test, and also three months after the completion of this study on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health. RESULTS: The study result showed a significant decrease in smartphone addiction tendency and also significant improvements in mental health variables of depression, anxiety, aggression, and impulsivity for the experimental group. These improvements were shown to continue even after the study completion when measured post-intervention at three months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the mind subtraction meditation program had positive effects on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health variables. It can be suggested from this study to recommend mind subtraction meditation as one of feasible strategies to prevent smartphone addiction and to improve mental health status in elementary school children. Further, this study meaningfully supports positive beneficial evidence of meditation program utilization in schools.
Frequency stabilization of quantum-cascade lasers by use of optical cavities (2002)

We report a heterodyne beat with a linewidth of 5.6+/-0.6 Hz between two cavity-stabilized quantum-cascade lasers operating at 8.5 microm . We also present a technique for measuring this beat that avoids the need for extreme isolation of the optical cavities from the environment, that of employing a third servo loop with low bandwidth to force one cavity to track the slow drifts and low-frequency fluctuations of the other. Although it is not fully independent, this technique greatly facilitates heterodyne beat measurements for evaluating the performance of cavity-locked lasers above the bandwidth of the third loop.
Applying statistical models to the climate–migration relationship (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Cysteine and glutathione in catabolic conditions and immunological dysfunction (1999)

The conspicuous increase in the plasma cysteine disulphide/thiol ratio in elderly persons and cancer patients indicates a shift of the plasma redox state. The most important redox buffers in skeletal muscle tissue and blood plasma, i.e. glutathione and albumin, respectively, are significantly decreased in different models of cachexia. Treatment with N-acetyl cysteine, i.e. a thiol-containing antioxidant, was found to increase the plasma albumin level and to ameliorate the loss of body cell mass in cancer patients and healthy individuals. The treatment of HIV infection with N-acetyl cysteine, in contrast, serves mainly as a tool to ameliorate the physiological and immunological consequences of the virus-induced cysteine deficiency.
Reductive exfoliation of substoichiometric MoS<sub>2</sub>bilayers using hydrazine salts (2016)

Substoichiometric molybdenum disulphide (MoSx) nanosheets are successfully synthesised following a novel reductive route using hydrazine salts. The resulting two dimensional crystals are found to be highly monodispersed in thickness, forming exclusively 1.9 ± 0.2 nm thick bilayers. The lateral dimensions of the nanosheets are governed by the precursor bulk particle's size. Exploring a range of hydrazine derivatives with various degrees of steric hindrance leads to the conclusion that intercalation does not occur during the process and that exfoliation is instead facilitated by the reduction of Mo centres leading to the exfoliation of substoichiometric bilayers with distorted lattices. The lattice distortion is found to be persistent across all samples with XPS analysis pointing towards a S to Mo ratio of 1.2. The resulting material features an electronic bandgap of 2.1 eV, which is wider than that of pristine monolayer MoS2 with relatively longer radiative decay time.
[Long-term treatment of phantom- and stump pain with Botulinum toxin type A over 12 months. A first clinical observation]. (2004)

Recently we were able to describe the successful treatment of phantom pain and stump pain with botulinum toxin A in a first pilot study. This case report over a 1-year period now demonstrates that long-term treatment for this indication is possible. We injected 4 x 25 IU of botulinum toxin A (Botox) into trigger points of the stump muscles of a lower limb amputee who suffered from severe phantom and stump pain. With four injections performed every 3 months, the patient became almost completely pain-free, and his intrathecal morphine therapy could be reduced to 40% of the initial dose. Intrathecal clonidine was eliminated completely, as were the oral analgesics. A surgical treatment suggested for the stump pain was no longer necessary, and we suppose that botulinum toxin can also improve the tolerance of artificial limbs in cases of stump pain.
Neutrophil-Dependent, Oxygen-Radical Mediated Lung Injury Associated with Acute Pancreatitis (1989)

Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats is associated with a reversible lung injury that is characterized by alveolar capillary endothelial-cell injury, increased microvascular permeability, interstitial edema formation, and intraalveolar hemorrhage and fibrin deposition. The role of mediators in this injury was analyzed using gravimetric data, microvascular permeability indices, electron microscopy, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Neutrophil depletion induced by a specific antibody was highly protective against lung injury. Interruption of the complement pathway (using low dose Naja naja cobra venom factor) also protected against lung injury. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were also protective. The iron chelator deferoxamine and the hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylsulfoxide, were not protective against acute lung injury. These data suggest that complement, neutrophils, and neutrophil-derived (H2O2-dependent) oxygen products mediate lung injury that occurs secondary to cerulein-induced pancreatitis. In contrast to other models of neutrophil-dependent, oxygen-radical-mediated lung injury, this lung injury does not appear to be an iron-dependent and hydroxyl-radical mediated injury. We postulate that the process of acute pancreatitis leads to complement activation followed by neutrophil recruitment, sequestration, and adherence to alveolar capillary endothelial cells. Ultimately lung injury appears to result from local endothelial-cell injury secondary to neutrophil-generated oxygen products that may be myeloperoxidase dependent.
Suramin in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Leucovorin (LV) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Resistant to 5-FU+LV-Based Chemotherapy (1998)

Aims and background Suramin has been shown to be of interest as a potential new anticancer agent because of its capacity to inhibit the binding of several growth factors to their receptors and to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Since multi-autocrine loops involving growth factors which are antagonized by suramin have been demonstrated in colorectal cancer, we previously evaluated the activity of suramin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Interestingly, in this study three patients who had received 5-FU+LV after suramin, although heavily pretreated with fluoropyrimidines, obtained an objective response. This observation was intriguing as it might have been that suramin had changed the biology of the tumor, making it sensitive to 5-FU+LV. We therefore conducted the present study to investigate the possibility that suramin might overcome the resistance to 5-FU+LV. Methods and study design Only colorectal cancer patients with metastatic and progressive disease during 5-FU+LV-based chemotherapy were eligible for this study. Suramin was administered for eight weeks at doses determined by means of a computer-assisted dosing algorithm that used Bayesian pharmacokinetics to maintain suramin plasma concentrations of 200-250 μg/ml. 5-FU was administered weekly at a dosis of 450 mg/m 2 halfway through a two-hour infusion of I-LV 250 mg/m 2 starting one week after the initiation of suramin for a maximum of 26 weeks. Results Treatment was relatively well tolerated, but no objective responses were observed after the accrual of 13 patients in the first stage of the trial. Consequently, the trial was interrupted according to the initial two-stage sampling design. Conclusions The present study does not support the hypothesis that suramin might overcome resistance to 5-FU+LV and its use in colorectal cancer is not recommended.
Eager Haskell (2002)

The advantages of the Haskell programming language are rooted in its clean equational semantics. Those advantages evaporate as soon as programmers try to write simple iterative computations and discover that their code must be annotated with calls to seq in order to overcome space leaks introduced by lazy evaluation. The Eager Haskell compiler executes Haskell programs eagerly by default, i.e., bindings and function arguments are evaluated before bodies. When resource bounds are exceeded, computation falls back and is restarted lazily. By using a hybrid of eager and lazy evaluation, we preserve the semantics of Haskell and yet permit efficient iteration.
Latex agglutination test for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157 (1989)

The value of a latex agglutination test (Escherichia coli O157 latex test; Oxoid Ltd.) for rapid presumptive detection of E. coli serotype O157:H7 was determined by laboratory trials and during an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis. The latex test was found to be a simple, highly efficient and reliable test in detecting E. coli O157:H7 with 100% sensitivity and specificity. It was also found that sorbitol-MacConkey agar cultures were not as useful for food samples as they were for fecal specimens in screening for E. coli O157:H7, but the use of the latex screen was particularly efficient in this setting.
Proteomic analyses of the SMYD family interactomes identify HSP90 as a novel target for SMYD2 (2011)

The SMYD (SET and MYND domain) family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including gene expression regulation and DNA damage response. Initially identified as genuine histone methyltransferases, specific members of this family have recently been shown to methylate non-histone proteins such as p53, VEGFR, and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRb). To gain further functional insights into this family of KMTs, we generated the protein interaction network for three different human SMYD proteins (SMYD2, SMYD3, and SMYD5). Characterization of each SMYD protein network revealed that they associate with both shared and unique sets of proteins. Among those, we found that HSP90 and several of its co-chaperones interact specifically with the tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR)-containing SMYD2 and SMYD3. Moreover, using proteomic and biochemical techniques, we provide evidence that SMYD2 methylates K209 and K615 on HSP90 nucleotide-binding and dimerization domains, respectively. In addition, we found that each methylation site displays unique reactivity in regard to the presence of HSP90 co-chaperones, pH, and demethylation by the lysine amine oxidase LSD1, suggesting that alternative mechanisms control HSP90 methylation by SMYD2. Altogether, this study highlights the ability of SMYD proteins to form unique protein complexes that may underlie their various biological functions and the SMYD2-mediated methylation of the key molecular chaperone HSP90.
Evaluation of the effects of flood prevention on the formation of hydrograph (1992)

The ovjective of the present study is to clarify the formation and deformation processes of hydrograph caused by the topografic configuration of basins and the various flood prevention works. Firstly we introduced the basic equation to express the behavior of flood wave in a river. We found that the equation has the same precision with the basic equations of unsteady open channel flow. Secondly we investigated the effects of Manning's coefficient and the degradate of river bed on the downstream defromation of hydrograph. Finally through numerical simulations, we evaluated the hydrological effects of the various flood preventions such as cut-off works of channels and dams.
Nonspecific sensor arrays ("electronic tongue") for chemical analysis of liquids (IUPAC Technical Report) (2005)

Abstract The history of the development of potentiometric sensors over the past century demonstrates progress in constructing single, discrete (i.e., separate, to distinguish from sensor arrays) ion sensors, which have been made as selective as possible. Only a few types reveal high selectivity. However, easy measurement procedure, with low cost and availability, give rise to the search for new ways for their successful application. The present document describes a new concept for application of potentiometric multisensor systems, viz., sensor arrays for solution analysis, and the performance of this new analytical tool - the "electronic tongue". The electronic tongue is a multisensor system, which consists of a number of low-selective sensors and uses advanced mathematical procedures for signal processing based on the pattern recognition (PARC) and/or multivariate analysis [artificial neural networks (ANNs), principal component analysis (PCA), etc.]. Definitions of the multisensor systems and their parameters are suggested. Results from the application of the electronic tongue, both for quantitative and qualitative analysis of different mineral water and wine samples, are presented and discussed.
Mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alter the zinc binding site and the redox behavior of the protein. (1996)

A series of mutant human and yeast copper-zinc superoxide dismutases has been prepared, with mutations corresponding to those found in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; also known as Lou Gehrig's disease). These proteins have been characterized with respect to their metal-binding characteristics and their redox reactivities. Replacement of Zn2+ ion in the zinc sites of several of these proteins with either Cu2+ or Co2+ gave metal-substituted derivatives with spectroscopic properties different from those of the analogous derivative of the wild-type proteins, indicating that the geometries of binding of these metal ions to the zinc site were affected by the mutations. Several of the ALS-associated mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutases were also found to be reduced by ascorbate at significantly greater rate than the wild-type proteins. We conclude that similar alterations in the properties of the zinc binding site can be caused by mutations scattered throughout the protein structure. This finding may help to explain what is perhaps the most perplexing question in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-associated familial ALS-i.e., how such a diverse set of mutations can result in the same gain of function that causes the disease.
Sangre y Hielo: Ecología (1996)

Los cazadores canadienses y noruegos podran capturar esta temporada 300.000 focas, cuatro veces mas que las que mataron en 1995. Segun el Gobierno de Canada, razones medioambientales aconsejan esta masacre. Para los ecologistas, detras se esconden motivos economicos.
[Recent advances in the study of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase and its metabolic engineering]. (2009)

Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) can convert farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to amorpha-4, 11-diene, a precursor of artemisinin. ADS plays an important role in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. This review summarizes the molecular biology and metabolic engineering study of ADS in recent years. The genomic DNA and its cDNA sequences of amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase were cloned from Artemisia annua L. The cDNA encoding amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase contains a 1 641 bp open reading frame coding for 546 amino acids. ADS shows a broad pH optimum and an absolute requirement for divalent metal ions as cofactors. The specificity of ADS to the substrates and products is not high and the formation of amorpha-4, 11-diene by ADS from FPP is achieved by an initial 1, 6-closure with subsequent 1, 10-closure. The ADS cDNA cloned from Artemisia annua L, or totally synthesized by PCR, was introduced into different hosts including E. coli, S. cerevisiae, Nicotiana tabacum L. Arabidopsis thaliana and A. nidulans resulting in varied engineering microorganisms and cells producing amorpha-4, 11-diene. The way to improve the production of amorpha-4, 11-diene was investigated by two strategies such as improving the supply of substrate and directing FPP flux to amorpha-4, 11-diene production from competing pathways.
心的节奏，新的飞扬——使用RolandTD12有感 (2009)

罗兰家族的成员一直不断地在更新换代，罗兰电鼓的技术也一直不断地推陈出新。随着电声乐器在音乐界地位的崛起，罗兰公司更是励精图治，为乐手们奉献了一个又一个的功能强大、物美价廉、称心如意的好乐器。RolandTD-12KV便是罗兰公司08年在打击乐器领域里研发的利器，堪称是电鼓在录音和现场领域里的多面手。