gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent polymers with discrete emitter units (1994)

Abstract Optical absorption and photo‐luminescence measurements were performed on a series of semiconducting polymers, based upon phenylene linkages, that have discrete emitter units. In these polymers, broken conjugation has been achieved in two ways: by introducing metalinkages between various numbers of para‐connected aromatic groups or by severe steric distortion of a fully conjugated main chain. In either case, electronic states are localized on relatively small units, resulting in a large (π, π * ) band gap. The band gap decreases with increasing emitter unit conjugation, as expected. Blue light emission was observed from these materials, with the peak emission wavelength red shifted (by greater than 1 eV on average) from the peak absorption. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[Loop-mediated isothermal amplification]. (2007)

We have developed the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, an innovative gene amplification technique, which has the potential to become important in genetic testing. This method allows highly efficient amplification by a single enzyme at a constant temperature. It also has features such as high specificity, rapidity, and simplicity of detection. Therefore, application to various life sciences, such as clinical medicine, is expected.
Management of Multiple Uavs with Imperfect Automation (2006)

Forty-two participants manipulated two or four unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) while monitoring an adjacent display for camouflaged tanks. They were sometimes supported in the tank-detection task by an automated target recognition system that operated at either a reliability of .9 with a threshold designed to provide an equal number of false-alarms and misses, .6 with a low threshold producing more automation false alarms, or .6 with a high threshold producing more automation misses. As taskload doubled, performance on the UAV task was significantly reduced. The effect was not mediated by the presence of automated aids, though the aids did influence performance in the tank-detection task. Tank detection was improved by both the highly-reliable aid and (to a lesser extent) by the miss-prone aid, but was not improved (and sometimes hurt) by the false-alarm prone condition. The results support the independence model of reliance and compliance proposed by Meyer (2001).
A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. (1990)

In this article, we summarize previous empirical studies that examined antecedents, correlates, and/or consequences of organizational commitment using meta-analysis. In total, 48 meta-analyses were conducted, including 26 variables classified as antecedents, 8 as consequences, and 14 as correlates.
Fully symmetric cooled CMOS on (1989)

A cooled CMOS device using dual-polysilicon gates,
Electronic conduction in polyaniline-polyethylene oxide and polyaniline-Nafion blends: Relation to morphology and protonation level (1997)

We present a comprehensive study of the transport properties in polyaniline-Nafion and polyaniline-polyethylene oxide, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonimide complex blends, together with a careful characterization of the morphology and the polyaniline protonation level. They include conductivity measurements as a function of both the polyaniline content of the blends and the temperature for a given composition. We show that percolation theory can account for the data provided that hopping and tunneling are taken into account. Moreover, in the polyaniline-Nafion blends, the variation of the polyaniline protonation level with the blend composition appears as a crucial parameter. The leading conduction mechanism is shown to be a hopping process between highly conducting polyaniline grains, the parameters of which are determined by the blend composition, and the protonation level.
RAPAMYCIN, A POTENT IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUG, CAUSES PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN B LYMPHOMA CELLS (1995)

Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressive drug that prevents rejection of organ transplants in many animals, caused profound growth inhibition in an immature B cell lymphoma, BKS-2, at very low concentrations (2 ng/ml). Similar growth inhibition was also observed in a series of B cell lymphomas (i.e., L1.2, NFS.1.1, and WEHI-279) as well as in thymoma cells. The cell death induced by rapamycin in BKS-2 lymphoma was found to be via programmed cell death, or apoptosis. In contrast to rapamycin, neither FK506 nor CsA affected the normal growth of these cells. FK506, but not CsA antagonized the effect of rapamycin and rescued the BKS-2 cells from undergoing apoptosis. Further, suboptimal concentrations of anti-IgM antibodies and rapamycin acted synergistically in causing the growth inhibition of BKS-2 cells and this inhibitory effect was also completely reversed by FK506. Thus, rapamycin appeared to inhibit lymphoma growth by binding to FK506 binding protein. These results indicate that rapamycin should be evaluated as an effective immunosuppressive therapeutic agent to prevent the incidence of lymphoma after transplantations.
Effect of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy on Nasopharyngeal Antibody Response to Poliovirus (1971)

Poliovirus antibody levels in nasopharynx and serum were studied before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 40 children previously immunized with live poliovaccine. Before operation, γA poliovirus antibody was present in the nasopharynx of all children, but no γG or γM antibody was detectable. Shortly after operation low levels of γG antibody appeared in the nasopharynx of 50 per cent of subjects. The response was short lived, and disappeared in two months. Pre-existing γA antibody in the nasopharynx declined sharply after operation in all children studied. Mean antibody titers decreased three to four times, and individual titers in several children four to eight times. Four children who had had antibody levels in the nasopharynx failed to demonstrate any such antibody activity after operation. Reduced or absent antibody activity persisted for as long as seven months. In nine children with intact tonsils the antibody response in the nasopharynx after immunization with live poliovaccine was two to four times higher than in eight children whose tonsils had previously been removed.
Synthesis of N-alkyl and N-aryl isoquinolones and derivatives via Pd-catalysed C–H activation and cyclization reactions (2012)

Relatively less expensive Pd-catalysed oxidative coupling reactions for the preparation of N-alkyl and N-aryl substituted isoquinolones and their derivatives have been developed. A broad reaction scope has been demonstrated. In addition, studies of the reaction additives and mechanistic insights, as well as KIE studies for a better understanding of the reaction pathway, have been discussed.
Stokes–Mueller matrix polarimetry technique for circular dichroism/birefringence sensing with scattering effects (2017)

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced method is proposed for measuring the circular dichroism (CD), circular birefringence (CB), and degree of polarization (DOP) of turbid media using a Stokes–Mueller matrix polarimetry technique. The validity of the analytical model is confirmed by means of numerical simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed detection method enables the CD and CB properties to be measured with a resolution of 10 ? 4 refractive index unit (RIU) and 10 ? 5 ?? RIU , respectively, for refractive indices in the range of 1.3 to 1.4. The practical feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by detecting the CB/CD/DOP properties of glucose–chlorophyllin compound samples containing polystyrene microspheres. It is shown that the extracted CB value decreases linearly with the glucose concentration, while the extracted CD value increases linearly with the chlorophyllin concentration. However, the DOP is insensitive to both the glucose concentration and the chlorophyllin concentration. Consequently, the potential of the proposed SPR-enhanced Stokes–Mueller matrix polarimetry method for high-resolution CB/CD/DOP detection is confirmed. Notably, in contrast to conventional SPR techniques designed to detect relative refractive index changes, the SPR technique proposed in the present study allows absolute measurements of the optical properties (CB/CD/DOP) to be obtained.
Microarray Analysis Verifies Two Distinct Phenotypes of Glioblastomas Resistant to Antiangiogenic Therapy (2012)

Using microarray analysis, we found two resistance patterns during antiangiogenic therapy with distinct molecular profiles and radiographic growth patterns. These studies provide valuable biologic insight into the resistance that has limited antiangiogenic therapy to date.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemias utilizing the VH3-21 gene display highly restricted Vλ2-14 gene use and homologous CDR3s: implicating recognition of a common antigen epitope (2003)

The immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) gene mutation status is an important prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), since cases with mutated VH genes show significantly longer survival than unmutated cases. Recently, we reported a preferential use of the VH3-21 gene in mutated CLL and showed that mutated VH3-21 cases had an inferior overall survival compared with other mutated CLL. In order to further characterize this subset, we performed VH gene analysis in 265 CLL cases and identified 31 VH3-21 cases (11.7%); 21 cases had mutated and 10 cases unmutated VH genes. Regardless of VH gene mutation status, a poor overall survival was found in the VH3-21 cases with a median survival of 83 months. These survival data confirm that VH3-21 cases do not fit into the general prognostic grouping of mutated and unmutated CLL. A large fraction of VH3-21 cases also demonstrated unique features with shorter lengths of the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) and CDR3s with highly homologous amino acid sequences. Furthermore, the VH3-21 cases showed a striking dominance of lambda light chain expression, and analysis of the Iglambda gene rearrangements revealed highly restricted use of the Vlambda2-14/Jlambda3 genes in the majority of cases. Taken together, our new findings strengthen the suggestion that VH3-21-using cases comprise a new CLL entity, irrespective of VH gene mutation status, and implicate that a common antigen epitope, perhaps of pathogenic significance, is recognized by the highly homologous VH3-21/Vlambda2-14 Ig molecules expressed in individual tumors.
Electrochemical Sensing of DNA Using Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

Abstract The electrochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have led to their widespread use as DNA labels. This fact has improved the design strategies for the electrochemical detection of DNA through hybridization event monitoring. The reported DNA hybridization detection modes are based on either AuNP detection after dissolving or the direct detection of the AuNP/DNA conjugates anchored onto the genosensor surface. Various enhancement strategies have been reported so as to improve the detection limit. Most are based on catalytic deposition of silver onto AuNP. Other strategies based on the use of AuNPs as carrier/amplifier of other labels will be also revised. The developed techniques are characterized by sensitivities and specificities that enable further applications of the developed DNA sensors in several fields.
The Impact of Medical Technology on Healthcare Today (2002)

Today's medical technology is more advanced, more effective, and in many cases, more costly than ever before. Furthermore there is an ever increasing demand for high technology diagnostic and therapeutic health care facilities and their availability may come into conflict with medical necessity, social justice and cost effectiveness. There is increasing pressure on health care resources that is driving more explicit and public decisions regarding the best use of these resources. The complexity of modern technology and its high marginal cost suggest to us that testimonial reviews of new technologies are no longer sufficient. Current trends in health care decision making favour a transition from a rationale based primarily on resources and opinion to a rationale derived from research.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Sensitize a MAPK-linked Toxicity Pathway on Prolonged Exposure to β-Amyloid (2015)

Among putative downstream synaptic targets of β-amyloid (Aβ) are signaling molecules involved in synaptic function, memory formation and cognition, such as the MAP kinases, MKPs, CaMKII, CREB, Fyn, and Tau. Here, we assessed the activation and interaction of signaling pathways upon prolonged exposure to Aβ in model nerve cells expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Our goal was to characterize the steps underlying sensitization of the nerve cells to neurotoxicity when Aβ-target receptors are present. Of particular focus was the connection of the activated signaling molecules to oxidative stress. Differentiated neuroblastoma cells expressing mouse α4β2-nAChRs were exposed to Aβ1-42 for intervals from 30 min to 3 days. The cells and cell-derived protein extracts were then probed for activation of signaling pathway molecules (ERK, JNK, CaMKII, CREB, MARCKS, Fyn, tau). Our results show substantial, progressive activation of ERK in response to nanomolar Aβ exposure, starting at the earliest time point. Increased ERK activation was followed by JNK activation as well as an increased expression of PHF-tau, paralleled by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact of prolonged Aβ on the levels of pERK, pJNK, and ROS was attenuated by MEK-selective and JNK-selective inhibitors. In addition, the MEK inhibitor as well as a JNK inhibitor attenuated Aβ-induced nuclear fragmentation, which followed the changes in ROS levels. These results demonstrate that the presence of nAChRs sensitizes neurons to the neurotoxic action of Aβ through the timed activation of discrete intracellular signaling molecules, suggesting pathways involved in the early stages of Alzheimer disease.
Robust Channel Estimation and Detection for Uplink Control Channel in 3GPP-LTE (2009)

In this paper, we present improved channel estimation and detection methods applicable for control channel in 3GPP-LTE. The physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) carries the vital information to the evolved-Node-B (eNB) such as Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) ACK/NACK corresponding to the downlink assignment and channel quality information (CQI) for resource allocation. A robust detection of control channel helps in supporting higher data rates with low latency to the user-equipments (UEs). The PUCCH is a narrow-band code multiplexed channel and hence the inter-user interference becomes the performance limiting factor. This interference becomes severe in the presence of timing errors (leading to loss in code orthogonality) and near-far problem. The improved receiver presented in this paper employ the complex exponential functions for channel estimation and a joint minimum mean squared error (MMSE) data detection and hence are robust to timing errors and near-far problem. Also, we exploit the pilot structure for reducing the complexity of the joint channel estimation. Simulation results provided shows that the proposed receiver breaks the error floor encountered in the single user receiver.
Region-based deformable model for aortic wall segmentation (2004)

We present a method for automated segmentation of aortic wall from computed tomography angiography (CTA) images, which is the most critical step in quantitative image analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The two-step method uses geometric deformable models based on the level set algorithm. In the first step, the inner aortic boundary is segmented, followed by segmentation of the outer aortic boundary in the second step. The inner aortic boundary in CTA images have high-contrast edges, which makes this step relatively easy. Segmentation is performed by a 2-D edge-based deformable model. The outer aortic boundary has low contrast edges, resulting in difficult segmentation. To address the problem of ill-defined edges, in our approach we use a 2-D region-based deformable model. We propose several knowledge-based constraints that help in aortic wall segmentation. In our previous research on AAA segmentation, we developed several segmentation methods using edge-based geometric deformable model approaches. In this paper, we present a new region-based segmentation method that uses a geometric deformable model. All specific constraints to the AAA segmentation are incorporated directly into the geometric deformable model, producing a more compact solution. The method has been tested on CTA scans of twelve patients and has shown promising results.
Photonic Force Microscopy: A New Tool Providing New Methods to Study Membranes at the Molecular Level (2000)

The PFM is a three-dimensional scanning probe microscope based on optical tweezers. It evolved from AFM techniques by replacing the mechanical cantilever of the AFM with optical tweezers and the cantilever tip by a trapped bead. Various detection systems measure the three-dimensional position of the bead with a spatial and temporal resolution in the nanometer and microsecond range, respectively. Due to the small trapping force constants, thermal position fluctuations of the probe are relatively large in comparison to the thermal motion of an AFM cantilever. However, these position fluctuations provide information about the local environment and specific interactions of the probe with molecules such as membrane proteins. Within the few last years, the instrument turned out to be a powerful tool to study properties of the plasma membrane of intact cells at the nanometer scale. For instance, the diffusion of membrane components could be observed over minutes at high spatial and temporal resolutions. For the first time, the diffusion coefficient measured locally in the plasma membrane of an intact cell agreed well with previous measurements for lipid model membranes, thus providing new ways to characterize membrane structures with unknown properties, such as lipid rafts. Furthermore, the technique can be used to determine the elasticity of the lipid bilayer and the binding properties of membrane components to the cytoskeleton.
Impact of slot location on thermoelastic dissipation in micromechanical resonators (2005)

The effect of thermoelastic dissipation as an energy loss mechanism in micromechanical resonators is described. Specifically, we demonstrate that slots in resonant beams disrupt the heat flow from thermoelastic dissipation and alter the quality factor. Fully coupled finite element solutions and experimental verification are used to show that the location of slots micromachined into the beams has a strong impact on the quality factor. Slots machined near the anchors and near the center of the beams are shown to have the strongest influence on quality factor. This is an indication of the complex interaction between the thermal and mechanical domains.
Hepatocyte growth factor may function as a renotropic factor for regeneration in rats with acute renal injury (1993)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes, possesses mitogenic and morphogenic activities for renal epithelial cells. To examine the renotropic function of HGF, we investigated the expression of HGF mRNA and HGF activity in the rat kidney after acute renal failure. When acute renal failure was induced by ischemia or by HgCl2 administration, a DNA synthesis occurred predominantly in the renal tubular cells located in the outer medulla with a peak at 48 h after the treatments. In both renal injuries, HGF mRNA in the kidney increased markedly, reaching a maximum 6 to 12 h after the treatments. HGF activity in the kidney also increased to three- to fourfold higher level than the normal level at 12 h after ischemic treatment or HgCl2 administration. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that both HGF mRNA and HGF protein were expressed in renal interstitial cells, presumably endothelial cells and macrophages, but not in tubular epithelial cells. In addition, HGF activity in the plasma of rats with renal ischemia or HgCl2 administration rapidly increased, reaching a maximum at 6 h after the treatment. One week after these injuries, HGF mRNA and HGF activity reverted to normal levels, and renal tubular cell regeneration ceased. Moreover, intravenous injection of human recombinant HGF into mice with acute renal failure caused by HgCl2 administration stimulated DNA synthesis of renal tubular cells in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RFID - a practical solution for problems you didn't even know you had! (1996)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) comprises a base radio transmitter/receiver, or reader, which can interrogate, display, and sometimes rewrite, an electronic code held in a remote device, transponder, and thus identify any item with which the transponder is associated. This paper introduces the ideas of RFID, using TIRIS technology as examples, with particular emphasis an how these principles can be utilised in practical applications.
Effect of bioresorbable fibres (Polyfibre<sup>®</sup>) and a bioresorbable foam (Polyfoam<sup>®</sup>) on new bone formation (2003)

The aim of the study was to evaluate two bioresorbable polylactic acid (PLA) filler materials in a guided bone regeneration (GBR) model system. The first was Polyfibre, a fibrous PLA filler material. Polyfoam, the second material tested, consisted of a spongy PLA filler material. In each group there were eight rabbits. In test rabbits a flap was raised uncovering the calvaria. A hemispherical PLA dome was filled with Polyfibre or Polyfoam material and periphereal blood and anchored onto the calvaria. Eight rabbits with the same domes, filled with blood alone, served as controls. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1 or 2 months. Histomorphometric measurements of regenerated total tissue volume, bone height and bone volume were carried out in undecalcified sections under a light microscope. At 1 month the totally filled volume attained 87% (range 82-91) in the fibre group, including 25% (23-27) fibres, 87% (85-95) in the foam group, including 15% (15-16) foam, and 55% (16-100) in the controls. The volume of mineralized bone was 12% (7-15) in the fibre group, 15% (12-18) in the foam group and 6% (1-11) in control domes. Bone height attained 48% (27-79) in the fibre group, 37% (31-58) in the foam group and 45% (14-67) in the control group. At 2 months, tissue volume attained 86% (85-87) including 26% (22-29) fibres, bone volume attained 13% (7-21) and bone height attained 56% (42-78) in the Polyfibre group. In the Polyfoam group, they were 83% (55-99) including 18% (15-19) foam, 13% (7-24) and 49% (29-74). In control domes, tissue volume was 82% (35-100), bone volume 20% (9-27) and bone height 86% (60-100). The Polyfibre and Polyfoam material was excellently integrated. No adverse reactions were found in the surrounding tissues. Direct bone apposition was observed onto the material. In conclusion, Polyfibre and Polyfoam material had a positive effect on initial bone and tissue formation but was a hindrance to increasing tissue volume, bone volume or bone height at 2 months compared to control specimens. The Polyfibre and Polyfoam material provoked no adverse reactions in the surrounding tissues and allowed for extensive angiogenesis.