gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plants Secrete Substances That Mimic Bacterial <i>N</i>-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Signal Activities and Affect Population Density-Dependent Behaviors in Associated Bacteria (2000)

In gram-negative bacteria, many important changes in gene expression and behavior are regulated in a population density-dependent fashion by N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules. Exudates from pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings were found to contain several separable activities that mimicked AHL signals in well-characterized bacterial reporter strains, stimulating AHL-regulated behaviors in some strains while inhibiting such behaviors in others. The chemical nature of the active mimic compounds is currently unknown, but all extracted differently into organic solvents than common bacterial AHLs. Various species of higher plants in addition to pea were found to secrete AHL mimic activities. The AHL signal-mimic compounds could prove to be important in determining the outcome of interactions between higher plants and a diversity of pathogenic, symbiotic, and saprophytic bacteria.
Acoustic radiation force on object and power measurements of focusing source (HIFU) (2008)

Based on the analytic expressions given by T. Hasegawa, et al.. (J.Acoust. Soc. Am. 79(4) 927-931 1986) an integral for calculation of the radiation force on a plane absorbing target in spherically focused field is derived. For focused fields a general relation between acoustic power P and normal radiation force F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , P=GF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> is obtained from the integral. Numerical computation of the integral is carried out for the practical HIFU source and absorbing circular target, through which the value of calibration constant G can be obtained The experiments are conducted for the same source and target used in the calculation. For the given source and targets, the calculations and experiments show that there is a range of target's position where the radiation force is independent of target's position.
Obinutuzumab for the treatment of patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: overview and perspective (2015)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder in the Western world and predominantly affects older people. Until recently, most studies in CLL focused on younger patients in whom intensive therapy with the addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide was shown to improve survival. Obinutuzumab is a novel type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recently demonstrated an overall survival advantage when combined with chemotherapy in previously untreated older patients with CLL and comorbidities. Obinutuzumab was superior to rituximab in this same study in terms of response rates and progression-free survival. Several preclinical and early phase clinical studies also support the efficacy of obinutuzumab. The most frequent adverse event noted with obinutuzumab is infusion-related reactions, which occur more frequently than with rituximab and are typically restricted to the first cycle of therapy. Based on these results, obinutuzumab should be considered the gold standard mAb for combination with chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL and comorbidities. The marked efficacy of obinutuzumab with a weak chemotherapy backbone implies significant potency of this mAb, making it the ideal partner for combination studies with other agents in CLL.
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity: investigation and mentoring. (2008)

At sea level oxygen is toxic to man when breathed for more than twenty-four hours at a percentage greater than about forty percent. Pulmonary pathology is the first manifestation in subjects with previously normal lungs. In patients with pre-existing lung disease the results are often additive. There is, however, great variation in response from subject to subject and between patients. Queen's Belfast and Harvard University Medical School have been the sites of seminal investigations. Mentoring at both universities is due to training at the University of Copenhagen.
Application of a Newly Developed Iron-Base Superalloy to Exhaust Valves of Diesel Engines (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The exhaust valves of 21-4N or 21-2N generally have hardfaced heads for heavy-duty engines. Hardfacing alloys contain a large amount of cobalt (Co), which sometimes becomes very scarce and outrageously expensive. Therefore, some automakers have adopted nickel (Ni)-base superalloys as unfaced exhaust valves, but continued to search for less expensive heat resisting alloy.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">THE authors had succeeded in developing an iron (Fe)-base superalloy, RS 914, containing 40% Ni, 19% Cr, 2.8% Ti and 0.7% Al. The mechanical and chemical properties of this alloy had proved to be comparable with those of Ni-base Inconel 751. And unfaced exhaust valves of RS 914 passed endurance tests in turbo-charged diesel engines with minimal damage. This alloy is relatively low cost and easy to fabricate, so that it can be applied for unfaced exhaust valves substituting for Ni-base superalloys.</div>
Pleasure and Pain: The Effect of (Almost) Having an Orgasm on Genital and Nongenital Sensitivity (2013)

Masturbation appears to maintain pleasurable genital sensitivity but increase pain sensitivity, with lower genital pleasurable sensitivity and higher vulvar vestibular pain sensitivity when orgasm occurs. Findings suggest that enhancing stimulation pleasurableness, psychological sexual arousal and lubrication mitigate normative increases in pain sensitivity during sexual activity, and underscore the importance of measuring both pleasure and pain in sensation research.
E-beam irradiation and UV photocrosslinking of microemulsion-laden poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels for “in situ” encapsulation of volatile hydrophobic compounds (2010)

Gelled microemulsions are the subject of considerable scientific and commercial interest. Many efforts are currently devoted to improving their toxicological profile and functioning as biocompatible diffusion barrier for the controlled delivery of hydrophobic compounds. In the present investigation, a non-ionic polymeric surfactant was chosen to generate an oil-in-water microemulsion of a model fragrance in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP). The microemulsion was then subjected to either electron-beam or UV-irradiation to induce free-radical crosslinking of PVP at low temperature and in the absence of crosslinking agents, catalysts and initiators. Irradiation conditions with the two irradiation sources have been purposely selected to generate PVP hydrogels with similar appearances and mechanical spectra. Despite the macroscopic analogies, specific features are imparted to the two families of hydrogels by the two different irradiation methodologies. A description of the microstructure of both pure PVP and microemulsion-laden hydrogels is given starting from the dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization of the liquid (unirradiated) formulations, followed by the study the hydrogels' dynamic mechanical, solubility and swelling properties, FTIR analysis of the water insoluble fractions, DLS measurements and cytotoxicity studies.
High bit-rate MIMO transport over multimode fiber (2011)

In lab experiment an increase of the receiver number enables stable direct-detection MIMO transmission over GI-MMF. For coherent detection MIMO which paves the way to higher capacity, different options for input / output couplers, processing schemes and coding are discussed.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Sintering of Nanocrystalline Cerium(IV) Oxide Powders (1995)

Nanocrystalline CeO 2 powders were prepared electrochemically by the cathodic electrogeneration of base, and their sintering behavior was investigated. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the as‐prepared powders were crystalline cerium(IV) oxide with the cubic fluorite structure. The lattice parameter of the electrogenerated material was 0.5419 nm. The powders consisted of nonaggregated, faceted particles. The average crystallite size was a function of the solution temperature. It increased from 10 nm at 29°C to 14 nm at 80°C. Consolidated powders were sintered in air at both a constant heating rate of 10°C/min and under isothermal conditions. The temperature at which sintering started (750°C) for nanocrystalline CeO 2 powders was only about 100°C lower than that of coarser‐grained powders (850°C). However, the sintering rate was enhanced. The temperature at which shrinkage stopped was 200°‐300°C lower with the nanoscale powder than with micrometer‐sized powders. A sintered specimen with 99.8% of theoretical density and a grain size of about 350 nm was obtained by sintering at 1300°C for 2 h.
Genomic fingerprinting of chicken-origin E. coli isolates by repetitive DNA sequences based PCR (2008)

An investigation was conducted on twelve E. coli strains isolated from various poultry farms in and around Hyderabad regions, sourced from carcasses showing lesions of air-sacculitis, perihepatitis and pericarditis. These serotypes were identified as O119, O78, Rough, O54, O73, O132, O115, O89, O111, O61, O20 and O88, based on standard serological typing. These were subjected to three repetitive DNA sequences based Genomic fingerprinting protocols, i.e. REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR. Results revealed that each of these repetitive-DNA fingerprints yielded unique DNA profiles for these isolates by which each strain could be discriminated from the other with varying degree of accuracy, with non-overlapping size resolution. Using Dice Similarity Co-efficient and UPGMA, dendrograms constructed for each of the REP-fingerprinting protocols, one could determine the inter-isolate genetic distance and clustering very uniquely, though with minor difference in intra-grouping closeness. The inter-isolate discriminatory power for these 3 PCR protocols was in the order REP-PCR → ERIC-PCR → BOX-PCR. It was concluded that repetitive DNA fingerprinting based protocols can be desirably used in combination of at least two REP-PCR methods (out of the three) as supplementary information to the conventional microbiological methods to identify isolates from an outbreak and to estimate genetic diversities and their clonal relationship.
The Mouse Homeobox Gene<i>Gbx2</i>Is Required for the Development of Cholinergic Interneurons in the Striatum (2010)

Mammalian forebrain cholinergic neurons are composed of local circuit neurons in the striatum and projection neurons in the basal forebrain. These neurons are known to arise from a common pool of progenitors that primarily resides in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). However, little is known about the genetic programs that differentiate these two types of cholinergic neurons. Using inducible genetic fate mapping, here we examined the developmental fate of cells that express the homeodomain transcription factor Gbx2 in the MGE. We show that the Gbx2 lineage-derived cells that undergo tangential migration exclusively give rise to almost all cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, whereas those undergoing radial migration mainly produce noncholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Deletion of Gbx2 throughout the mouse embryo or specifically in the MGE results in abnormal distribution and significant reduction of cholinergic neurons in the striatum. We show that early-born (before embryonic day 12.5) cholinergic interneurons preferentially populate the lateral aspect of the striatum and mature earlier than late-born (after embryonic day 12.5) neurons, which normally reside in the medial part of the striatum. In the absence of Gbx2, early-born striatal cholinergic precursors display abnormal neurite outgrowth and increased complexity, and abnormally contribute to the medial part of the caudate-putamen, whereas late-born striatal cholinergic interneurons are mostly missing. Together, our data demonstrate that Gbx2 is required for the development of striatal cholinergic interneurons, perhaps by regulating tangential migration of the striatal cholinergic precursors.
Versuche zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, VI. Strukturelle Abhängigkeit der Giftwirkung organischer Substanzen auf Raney‐Nickel als Hydrierungskatalysator (1962)

Abstract Die relative Vergiftungswirkung von 179 organischen Substanzen auf die Hydrierung von Cyclohexen mit Raney‐Nickel wird unter Standardbedingungen ermittelt. Ihre Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration der Gifte ist nicht einheitlich. Verbindungen mit den Schlüsselatomen P, S, As, Se und N gehorchen der MAXTEDschen Regel, d. h. sie werden über einsame Elektronenpaare des Heteroatoms an der Oberfläche des Hydrierkontaktes fixiert. Mesomere Beanspruchung der Elektronendubletts schwächt die Chemisorption und damit die Giftwirkung. Mehrere unmittelbar benachbarte wirksame Atome oder Atomgruppierungen erhöhen die Giftwirkung nur unwesentlich. Eine Wirkungssteigerung setzt die Möglichkeit zu einer räumlich getrennten Zweitfixierung voraus. – Die als Hydrierungsgifte recht wirksamen Nitrile werden bevorzugt am Raney‐Nickel chemisorbiert und dort in die eigentlichen Kontaktgifte umgewandelt. – Die Wirkung der Gifte hängt ferner von der Natur des zu hydrierenden Substrates ab, wie gegenüber Nitromethan, Nitrobenzol, Cyclohexanon, Acetophenon und Brombenzol festgestellt wird. Die Hydrierung dieser Substrate ist weniger giftempfindlich als die Hydrierung des Cyclohexens. Die unterschiedliche Giftempfindlichkeit zweier Substrate kann zur selektiven Hydrierung einer Komponente ausgenützt werden. Die Giftwirkung zweier verschiedener Gifte ist additiv.
Design and performance issues of Microstrip antennas (2015)

In recent years, microstrip antennas are playing an important role in wireless communication systems because of their many advantages like light weight, low profile, low cost, easy integration with planar structure and easy fabrication. So, it is very much essential to know all the aspects of microstrip antennas. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the design and performance issues of microstrip antennas. The design issues include microstrip antenna dimensions, feeding techniques and various polarization mechanisms whereas the performance issues include gain enhancement, bandwidth issues and reconfigurable microstrip antennas. This paper is also aimed to introduce few applications of microstrip antennas like Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, RF energy harvesting, Cognitive radio, GSM, Radar and ultra-wide band. Microstrip antennas are also having disadvantages like low gain and low efficieny.
The effects of the vinegar on the content of nitrite in pickled Chinese cabbage. (2010)

In order to study the effects of the vinegar on the content of nitrite in pickled Chinese cabbage,the research using the Chinese cabbage for the material has studied Chinese cabbage's pickled process Central Asia nitrate content changes adding black vinegar and white vinegar in five kinds of different concentrations: 0,0.3%,0.6%,0.9%,1.2%,simultaneously record the titrate acid(lactic acid),the pH value and four kinds of fungi(intestinal tract fungus,bacterium,lactic acid fungus) in the entire pickled process change.The result indicated: The nitramine peak in Central Asia in the pickle of cabbage with adding vinegar is relatively low.It can quickly reduce the speed of quantity,such as intestinal bacteria.Intestinal bacteria is for the generation of nitrite bacteria pickled cabbage.Vinegar can reduce the sub-nitrate content;besides,vinegar can speed up the propagation speed of lactic acid bacteria,speed up the lactic acid fermentation,and promote the maturity of cabbage fermentation.Lactic acid bacteria produce a large number of lactic acid.Lactic acid also play a role in the degradation of nitrite.Compared with black vinegar,the white vinegar can speed up the completion of the pickle of cabbage,pickled cabbage easier to promote the sophisticaed.And 0.6% concentration of vinegar is best for the Chinese cabbage.
Hyperosmolality impairs ammonia-mediated inflammation: implications for the renal medulla (1992)

Although ammonia modifies the third component of complement (C3) and activates the alternative pathway, inflammation is not seen in the renal medulla where ammonia concentrations are normally elevated. We examined the effect of the unique hyperosmolar milieu of the renal medulla on the interaction of ammonia with C3 and the capacity of ammonia-modified C3 (NH3.C3) to induce cytolytic injury and stimulate neutrophils (PMN). Incubation of purified human C3 with ammonia in concentrations found in urine results in significant disruption of the C3 thiolester bond compared with ammonia-free controls. Coincubation with urinary osmolytes and hyperosmolar NaCl and urea does not impair thiolester disruption over a range of ammonia concentrations. However, hyperosmolar NaCl and urea virtually abolish cytolytic injury mediated by the alternative pathway. Coincubation with the organic osmolytes betaine, sorbitol, and inositol fails to reverse this inhibitory effect of hyperosmolar NaCl and urea. Hyperosmolar NaCl and urea also suppress lytic injury mediated by ammonia and complement in MDCK, a cell line derived from canine distal tubular epithelium. Both PMN degranulation and respiratory burst responses to NH3.C3 are significantly blunted in the presence of hyperosmolar NaCl and urea. Hyperosmolality also impairs PMN responses to the formyl peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Therefore, in an in vitro setting of hyperosmolar NaCl and urea, amidation of C3 occurs, but subsequent membrane-directed and receptor-mediated functions of NH3.C3 are markedly impaired.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time division duplex-code division multiple access for mobile multimedia services (2002)

The advantages of using a time division duplex-code division multiple access (TDD-CDMA) air interface for mobile multimedia services are presented, with reference to an equivalent frequency division duplex (FDD) CDMA system. In particular the flexibility and limitations of using an asymmetric channel are discussed. It is concluded that TDD-CDMA is ideally suited to short range high bit rate asymmetric services, whereas FDD-CDMA is better suited to large cells using symmetric channels.
Effects of macromolecular matrix on the process of radical polymerization of ionizable monomers (1975)

Abstract Radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of a positively charged macromolecular matrix was studied. In the presence of a matrix, the rates of polymerization were remarkably increased, especially in high pH region. This suggests that electrostatic interaction between the macromolecular matrix and the growing chains and/or the monomer molecules plays an important role in the process of polymerization reaction. The kinetic orders were greatly influenced by the relative matrix concentration (PC) as follows: for (PC) 0 > [M] 0 , R p = k [M] 0.9 [PC] 0.3 [I] 0.8 ≤ [M] 0 R p = k [M] 0.3 [PC] 0 [I] 0,8 where [M] and [I] are monomer and initiator concentration, respectively, and k is a constant. The mechanism of the interaction of matrix with monomer and/or growing chains in the process of the propagation is discussed. The complex formed in the matrix polymerization could be easily made into fiber by spinning.
A Runtime Framework for Context-Sensitive Device-to-Device Communication (2017)

Mobile applications and Internet of Things applications increasingly require one mobile device to exchange data with another collocated device. Despite the introduction of multiple standard device-to-device communication protocols (i.e., WiFi direct, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, NFC), transferring data across devices remains hard for mobile programmers for three reasons. 1) different devices support different D2D communication interfaces, and therefore the available D2D communication channels are dynamically decided by the peers; 2) different D2D interfaces have different features (connection establish time, data rate, energy consumption) and different performances under different contexts, complicating the decision which channel to use; 3) implementing and debugging data transmission functionalities requires knowing the low-level details of communication protocols, which is difficult and error prone. To solve the above mentioned problem, this paper presents a runtime framework for context-sensitive device-to-device communication. The presented framework consists of two major components: 1) a set of encapsulated D2D data transmission interfaces to reduce the programming efforts; 2) a context-sensitive communication channel selection algorithm to select the optimal communication channel as defined by the dynamic context. We design and implement the runtime framework, and evaluate its performance in terms of the required programming effort, energy consumption and data transmission latency under different contexts.
Real-time imaging of cardiovascular dynamics and circulating gold nanorods with multispectral optoacoustic tomography (2010)

Macroscopic visualization of functional and molecular features of cardiovascular disease is emerging as an important tool in basic research and clinical translation of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We showcase the application of Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) techniques to noninvasively image different aspects of the mouse cardiovascular system macroscopically in real-time and in vivo, an unprecedented ability compared to optical or optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging approaches documented so far. In particular, we demonstrate imaging of the carotid arteries, the aorta and the cardiac wall. We further demonstrate the ability to dynamically visualize circulating gold nanorods that can be used to enhance contrast and be extended to molecular imaging applications. We discuss the potential of this imaging ability in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research and clinical applications.
An evaluation of fine-grain producer-initiated communication in cache-coherent multiprocessors (2002)

Prefetching is a widely used consumer-initiated mechanism to hide communication latency in shared-memory multiprocessors. However, prefetching is inapplicable or insufficient for some communication patterns such as irregular communication, pipelined loops, and synchronization. For these cases, a combination of two fine-grain, producer-initiated primitives (referred to as remote-writes) is better able to reduce the latency of communication. This paper demonstrates experimentally that remote writes provide significant performance benefits in cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors with and without prefetching. Further, the combination of remote writes and prefetching is able to eliminate most of the memory system overhead in the applications, except misses due to cache conflicts.
Pulsed magnetization transfer contrast in gradient echo imaging: A two‐pool analytic description of signal response (1996)

Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging with a rapid gradient-echo sequence and pulsed saturation provides an efficient means of acquiring high resolution three-dimensional data in vivo. This paper presents a derivation of the theoretical steady-state signal equation for this sequence based on the two-site coupled Bloch equations. Numerical simulations are used to validate the derived expression and experiments are performed on an agar gel model and normal brain. Experimental agar data indicate that direct saturation of the liquid component can be a major source of signal attenuation whereas MT normally dominates in brain tissue. The signal equation presented here establishes the necessary theory for sequence design and optimization and provides insight into model parameters and experimental results.