gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-silica multimode channel waveguide structure for minimizing fiber-waveguide-fiber coupling loss (1986)

The optimum structure for high-silica channel waveguides which are connected to input and output graded-index fibers having a 50-μm core diameter and a 1.0-percent refractive-index difference is studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical optimum waveguide structure is obtained on the basis of ray optic analysis. For the step-index waveguide with 1.0-percent refractive-index difference, the theoretical minimum coupling loss (input coupling loss + output coupling loss) is 1.7 dB for an optimum core of 38 μm both in depth and width. For the graded-index waveguide with parabolic-index profile in the depth direction and step-index profile in the width direction, the theoretical coupling loss is 1.1 dB for an optimum core of 38 μm in width and 50 μm in depth. These estimations were in good agreement with the experimental results, which were 1.8 dB for the step-index waveguide and 1.3 dB for the graded-index waveguide.
Reliability-centered power line management-inspection process, measurement techniques and data management considerations (1998)

While methods and practices for maintaining the reliability of overhead line systems may differ between US and UK electric utilities, there are more similarities than differences. Impending deregulation has forced more immediate changes within the industry to evaluate current design and maintenance practices to achieve the most from available assets at the least cost. As utility line managers desire more quantitative inspection information by which to optimize required maintenance and forecast line performance and maintenance needs, line inspectors are required to utilize state-of-the-art tools and techniques capable of providing such information. The intent of this paper is to review tools and techniques which can enhance the data obtained during the inspection process for overhead wood pole lines. The ability to consistently collect and report quantitative data is a critical component of the reliability-centered management (RCM) approach to overhead line management.
A 24 dB gain 51&#x2013;68 GHz CMOS low noise amplifier using asymmetric-layout transistors (2010)

At mm-wave frequency, the layout of CMOS transistors has a larger effect on the device performance than ever before in low frequency. In this work, the distance between the gate and drain contact (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> ) has been enlarged to obtain a better maximum available gain (MAG). A 0.6 dB MAG improvement is realized when D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> changes from 60 nm to 200 nm. By using the asymmetric-layout transistor, a four-stage common-source low noise amplifier is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. A measured peak power gain of 24 dB is achieved with a power dissipation of 30 mW from a 1.2-V power supply. An 18 dB variable gain is also realized by adjusting the bias voltage. The measured 3-dB bandwidth is about 17 GHz from 51 GHz to 68 GHz, and noise figure (NF) is from 4.0 dB to 7.6 dB.
Dynamics of domain wall networks (2007)

Networks or webs of domain walls are admitted in Abelian or non-Abelian gauge theory coupled to fundamental Higgs fields with complex masses. We examine the dynamics of the domain wall loops by using the moduli approximation and find a phase rotation induces a repulsive force which can be understood as a Noether charge of $Q$-solitons. Non-Abelian gauge theory allows different types of loops which can be deformed to each other by changing a modulus. This admits the moduli geometry like a sandglass made by gluing the tips of the two cigar-(cone-)like metrics of a single triangle loop. We conclude that the sizes of all loops tend to grow for a late time in general models with complex Higgs masses, while the sizes are stabilized at some values once triplet masses are introduced for the Higgs fields. We also show that the stationary motion on the moduli space of the domain wall webs represents $1/4$ Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield $Q$-webs of walls.
Selective hydrogenation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene catalyzed by ruthenium complexes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective hydrogenation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene catalyzed by ruthenium complexesDarryl R. FaheyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1, 80–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00941a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00941a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
COENZYME Q. X. SYNTHESIS OF COENZYME Q<sub>9</sub>, 2,3-DIMETHYL-5-SOLANESYLBENZOQUINONE (Q·254), AND A VITAMIN K ANALOG (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOENZYME Q. X. SYNTHESIS OF COENZYME Q9, 2,3-DIMETHYL-5-SOLANESYLBENZOQUINONE (Q·254), AND A VITAMIN K ANALOGClifford H. Shunk, Robert E. Erickson, Emily L. Wong, and Karl FolkersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 18, 5000Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01527a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01527a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oral Progesterone and Estrogen/Progestogen Therapy: Effects of natural and synthetic hormones on subfractions of HDL cholesterol and liver proteins (1984)

The pharmacokinetics of progesterone after oral administration were investigated. After a single dose of 100 mg, serum concentrations of progesterone around 50-60 nM and of 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one around 5-6 nM were recorded within 1-4 hours and elevated levels persisted for 8-12 hours. There were only minor changes in 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations and serum levels of androstenedione and cortisol were unaffected. A significant conversion of circulating progesterone into deoxy-corticosterone was demonstrated. During clinical treatment with oral progesterone the individual serum concentrations of this potent mineralocorticoid were closely correlated to the progesterone concentrations. This observation could be important as regards the etiology of certain clinical disorders characterized by fluid retention. According to competitive binding analyses there was no evidence that progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate could cause significant displacement of cortisol from corticosteroid-binding globulin during clinical treatment. The effects of natural and synthetic hormones upon subfractions of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and liver proteins were followed in postmenopausal women during replacement therapy with various estrogen-progestogen combinations. The total serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced during treatment with all estrogen regimens. The concentrations of HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I and A II were increased in a dose-dependent pattern during unopposed estrogen therapy. The potency of 10 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol was estimated to be equivalent to 3-4 mg of estradiol valerate. Estrogen effects were significantly reversed by levonorgestrel 250 micrograms and also by medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg. During treatment with natural progesterone, no changes were recorded in HDL cholesterol or its subfractions. As compared with the lipoproteins, pregnancy zone protein and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were found to be more sensitive to the alkylated than to the non-alkylated estrogen. Both levonorgestrel and medroxyprogesterone acetate clearly reduced SHBG levels after 3 months, whereas micronized progesterone had no such effect. While tamoxifen counteracted the therapeutic and metabolic effects of estrogen the sequential addition of estriol had no apparent influence. Unopposed estrogen treatment enhanced liver lecithin synthesis along pathway I, i.e. reduced the amount of stearic acid and increased the amount of palmitic acid. The effects were dose-dependent and no qualitative differences between ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate were recorded.
Abnormal Distribution of Mesangium-Specific Laminin in Glomeruli of Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (1999)

Using a monoclonal antibody, the distribution of the mesangium-specific laminin that binds only to the mesangium in normal kidney, was studied immunohistochemically in renal tissues obtained from patients with different glomerulonephritides including idiopathic membranous nephropathy. In minimal change nephrotic syndrome and IgA nephropathy, the mesangium-specific laminin staining was restricted to the mesangium, as is observed in the normal kidney. However, in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the monoclonal antibody against the mesangium-specific laminin reacted with the glomerular peripheral capillary walls including subepithelial protrusions or ‘spikes’, as well as with the mesangium. These results suggest that the quality of laminin produced in response to the challenge of immune deposits in the peripheral capillary walls may be different from that in the rest of the glomerular basement membrane in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Expansion of Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells (2008)

Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity can control leukemia relapse while protecting patients from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cord blood (CB) is rich in NK cell progenitors with similar properties of proliferation and cytotoxicity as adult blood NK cells. Hence, it is attractive to expand and potentially utilize these cells for adoptive immunotherapy. In this study, CB mononuclear cells were CD3-depleted by immunomagnetic microbead selection to remove T cells. This CD3(dep) CB-MNC fraction was then plated for ex vivo expansion, with or without a feeder layer of irradiated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), with or without cytokines that have been shown to be critical for NK expansion: IL-2, IL-15, IL-3, and FLT-3L. At an average of 2 weeks of culture, there was significantly higher expansion (64.7 +/- 8.4-fold) of CD56(+)/CD3(-) NK cells in the presence of the UC-MSC feeder layer and cytokines compared to controls (no increase with feeder layer only and 6.4 +/- 1.5-fold increase with cytokines only, P < .05). Contact between CD3(dep) CB-MNC cells and UC-MSC augmented NK expansion. The combination of all 4 cytokines was superior to IL-2 alone or 2 cytokines combinations: mean 64.7 +/- 8.4-fold expansion with 4 cytokines combination versus IL-2 alone, IL-2 + FLT-3L, IL-2 + IL-15 or IL-2 + IL-3 (12.2 +/- 2.0, 14.4 +/- 2.4, 10.4 +/- 4.1, 25.2 +/- 8.1 respectively). We also observed that only fresh CD3(dep) CB-MNC preparations could be expanded reliably, whereas frozen and thawed CD3(dep) CB-MNC cells did not expand consistently (mean fold increase 6.5 +/- 3.2). Cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells was compared with NK cells from fresh and overnight IL-2 activated CD3(dep) CB-MNC. Whereas fresh cells displayed no discernible killing, strong cytotoxicity against K562, Raji, REH, and SUP-B15 cells lines was noted after overnight activation in IL-2. Cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells against Raji, REH, and SUP-B15 was lower, which, however, correlated with a predominant expansion of CD56(+)/CD16(-) cells known to have less cytolytic activity than CD56(+)/CD16(+). To test the transfection efficiency in NK cells, fresh or expanded CD3(dep) CB-MNC cells were electroporated with either DNA or mRNA constructs for GFP. DNA had a low transfection efficiency (<10%), whereas the one for mRNA reached 52%, but at the cost of significant cell death. Our results suggest that CB NK cell progenitors can be expanded to obtain large numbers by using an irradiated feeder of UC-MSC. They maintain an elevated cytotoxic profile, and may be genetically manipulated-all characteristics that make them suitable for cellular therapies.
Silsesquioxane-Based Nanoparticles Formed via Hydrolytic Condensation of Organotriethoxysilane Containing Hydroxy Groups (2004)

Silsesquioxanes-based nanoparticles synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of a functionalized precursor, N,N-di(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, (HOCH2CH(OH)CH2)2NCH2CH2CH2Si(OCH2CH3)3, were characterized using MALDI-TOF MS, NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning force microscopy (SFM). MALDI-TOF MS analysis indicated that the product consists of many species having 12−18 Si atoms with different numbers of intramolecular cyclizations, and Si−O−C bonds are formed through the reaction of SiOH (or SiOEt) groups with the hydroxyl functionalities of an organic moiety bonded to a Si atom. The species having high number of intermolecular cyclization (f ≥ 0.5 at 10 ≥ n ≥ 7) were predominantly detected, suggesting that the product mainly consists of complete and incomplete cagelike structures. The chemical composition of the product was consistent with that calculated from the structure, (R−SiO1.5)n, indicating that the nanoparticles belong to a family of silsesquioxanes characterized by a ratio of 1.5 between the silicon and oxygen atoms. Reasonable NMR and FT-IR spectra were observed, corresponding to the structure assuming that majority of the alkyl chain attached on a Si atom was intact during the hydrolytic condensation. The resulting particles have relatively narrow size distribution with average particle diameter less than 3.0 nm, as confirmed by TEM and SFM.
Development of an Anaerobic-Phototrophic Bioreactor System for Wastewater Treatment (2016)

For decades, mainstream domestic wastewater treatment has relied on activated sludge processes to remove organic matter, and on biological nutrient removal systems like the A2/O process to remove nutrients. Recently, membrane filtration was also added to the realm of possible technologies for domestic wastewater treatment, with aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) becoming increasingly popular, especially for decentralized, and small to medium scale applications. However, the aerobic activated sludge and MBR processes, which are often combined with biological nutrient removal processes, have high energy costs associated with supplying oxygen to the process, and end up converting the organic matter into CO2 and high amounts of microbial biomass, instead of more useful byproducts.\nIn order to remedy the aforementioned shortcomings of the aerobic processes, anaerobic wastewater treatment has been a focus of research, with anaerobic baffled reactors (ABRs) and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) having shown promise for achieving acceptable organic matter removal performance, along with potential to be energy neutral or positive through biogas production. In addition, phototrophic technologies, such as algal photobioreactors, have recently been shown to be able to remove nutrients from waste streams, while at the same time having the potential to be used as feedstock to produce biofuels.\nIn this dissertation, a novel concentrically-baffled reactor (CBR) was designed that has the potential to reduce heat loss by transfering more of the heat between reactor zones than traditional baffled reactor designs, which will increase energy efficiency for heated systems. A prototype CBR was operated abiotically under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 4 h to 24 h, and achieved over 90% removal of total suspended solids (TSS) for all HRTs tested with feed particle sizes below 1.7 mm.\nIn parallel with the baffled reactor research, phototrophic membrane bioreactors (PMBRs) were tested with low aeration conditions to decrease their energy demand, which resulted in nitrification-dominated systems. A phototrophic technology was developed for increasing the pH of waste streams to potentially aid pH-sensitive nutrient recovery processes. Phototrophic pH increase from 6.42±0.13 to 8.87±0.06 was achieved using batch reactors, and an increase of pH from 6.73 to 8.61 was recorded during a continuous reactor trial.\nFinally, the CBR was combined with a post-CBR membrane filtration process, and two PMBRs treating the effluent and permeate streams from the CBR in order to achieve complete organic matter and nutrient removal. The combined systems were tested both for high strength-high HRT and low strength-low HRT scenarios. Using the combined CBR-PMBR system, over 90% TN and TP removal were possible for 10 d HRT operation at high-strength feed conditions, with post-CBR membrane filtration. COD removal over 90% was possible for both high-strength and low-strength scenarios under all conditions tested.
Comparative analysis of the complete sequence of the plastid genome of Parthenium argentatum and identification of DNA barcodes to differentiate Parthenium species and lines (2009)

The genome sequence of the P. argentatum chloroplast will enrich the sequence resources of plastid genomes in commercial crops. The availability of the complete plastid genome sequence may facilitate transformation efficiency by using the precise sequence of endogenous flanking sequences and regulatory elements in chloroplast transformation vectors. The DNA barcoding study forms the foundation for genetic identification of commercially significant lines of P. argentatum that are important for producing latex.
A Sub-mW Fully-Integrated Pulse Oximeter Front-End (2012)

This paper presents the implementation of the first fully integrated pulse oximeter front-end with a power consumption lower than 1 mW. This is enabled by system- and block-level noise optimisation, also detailed in the manuscript. The proposed design features an analogue feedback loop that enables fast and accurate regulation of the detected photocurrent level and a serial-to-parallel interface allowing for extensive programmability of several operation parameters. The front-end was fabricated in the AMS 0.35 μm technology and occupies an area of 1.35 mm(2). Extensive measured results, both electrical and physiological from human subjects are reported, demonstrating an estimated SNR of 39 dB and ability to detect 2% changes in SpO2, similar to commercial pulse oximeters. This is despite the constrained power consumption which amounts to 0.31 mW for the LEDs and 0.53 mW for the rest of the front-end from a 3.3 V supply. Statistical results from 20 chips verify good matching across the Red and Infrared channels of the front-end and the accurate operation of the proposed analogue feedback loop.
Chemical modification of polymeric hydrocarbons (1998)

Abstract Although polymeric hydrocarbons (PCH) carry no functions, they can be modified in many ways. Unsaturated PCH undergo addition reactions as hydrogenation, halogenation, epoxidation and thiol addition. Saturated PCH can be substituted with various functions, notably halogen and chlorosulfonyl groups. All PCH can be modified, by a grafting mechanism, with functional monomers as maleic anhydride. Some modified PCH play a major role in multiphase systems as blends, rubber‐modified thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers. Attractive grafting procedures involve in‐situ grafting in PCH/monomer solutions and during reactive blending processes.
Chaotic Micromixing in Open Wells Using Audio-Frequency Acoustic Microstreaming (2009)

Mixing fluids for biochemical assays is problematic when volumes are very small (on the order of the 10 microL typical of single drops), which has inspired the development of many micromixing devices. In this paper, we show that micromixing is possible in the simple open wells of standard laboratory consumables using appropriate acoustic frequencies that can be applied using cheap, conventional audio components. Earlier work has shown that the phenomenon of acoustic microstreaming can mix fluids, provided that bubbles are introduced into a specially designed microchamber or that high-frequency surface acoustic wave devices are constructed. We demonstrate a key simplification: acoustic micromixing at audio frequencies by ensuring the system has a liquid-air interface with a small radius of curvature. The meniscus of a drop in a small well provided an appropriately small radius, and so an introduced bubble was not necessary. Microstreaming showed improvement over diffusion-based mixing by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, significant improvements are attainable through the utilization of chaotic mixing principles, whereby alternating fluid flow patterns are created by applying, in sequence, two different acoustic frequencies to a drop of liquid in an open well.