gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Source EGR for Enabling High Efficiency Clean Combustion Modes in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The source of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and consequently composition and temperature, has a significant effect on advanced combustion modes including stability, efficiency, and emissions. The effects of high-pressure loop EGR (HPL EGR) and low-pressure loop EGR (LPL EGR) on achieving high efficiency clean combustion (HECC) modes in a light-duty diesel engine were characterized in this study. High dilution operation is complicated in real-world situations due to inadequate control of mixture temperature and the slow response of LPL EGR systems. Mixed-source EGR (combination of HPL EGR and LPL EGR) was investigated as a reasonable approach for controlling mixture temperature. The potential of mixed-source EGR has been explored using LPL EGR as a ‘base’ for dilution rather than as a sole source. HPL EGR provides the ‘trim’ for controlling mixture temperature and has the potential for enabling precise control of dilution targets. This approach also has a benefit where LPL EGR does not provide sufficient dilution for achieving conditions appropriate for HECC operation. The balance of the required dilution could be achieved with HPL EGR mitigating the need for throttling or a LPL EGR pump. The results of this investigation revealed significant differences in engine-out emissions and performance for various EGR sources.</div>
Electroless Copper Plating (1994)

Abstract Electroless, or autocatalytic, metal plating is a nonelectrolytic method of deposition from solution that can be plated uniformly over all surfaces, regardless of size and shape. The plating's ability to plate onto nonconductors is an advantage that contributes to the choice of electroless copper in various applications. This article provides information on the bath chemistry and deposit properties of electroless copper and discusses the applications of electroless copper plating, such as printed wiring boards, decorative plating-on-plastic, electromagnetic interference shielding, and hybrid and other advanced applications. It describes two commercial processes, pretreatment and post-treatment. The article reviews the solutions used, controls and control equipment, and performance criteria of electroless copper plating. It concludes with information on the environmental and safety issues associated with electroless copper plating.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5) contributes to cell migration and invasion and is directly regulated by tumor-suppressive microRNA-133a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

Our expression signatures of human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) demonstrated that downregulation of microRNA-133a (miR-133a) were frequently observed in cancer cells. The restoration of miR-133a in cancer cells revealed that it functions as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we investigated the novel molecular targets of miR-133a in HNSCC cancer cells and its oncogenic function, especially as it contributes to cancer cell migration and invasion. The genome-wide gene expression analysis and bioinformatics study showed that actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5) is a candidate target of miR-133a. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ARPC5 is directly regulated by miR-133a. Silencing of ARPC5 revealed significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in HNSCC cell lines, SAS, HSC3 and IMC-3. In HSC3 cells, restoration of miR-133a or silencing ARPC5 led to a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and a subsequent change in cell morphology to a round, bleb-like shape. The expression levels of ARPC5 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues than in non-cancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of ARPC5 expression were significantly higher in invasive cancer cells. ARPC5 contributed to cancer cell migration and invasion in HNSCC and this gene was directly regulated by miR-133a. Our analysis of novel tumor-suppressive miR‑133a-mediated cancer pathways provides new insights into the potential mechanisms of HNSCC oncogenesis.
Apodization of an elliptic-core two-mode fiber acousto-optic tunable filter (2005)

We demonstrate a new apodization technique for an elliptic-core two-mode fiber acousto-optic tunable filter based on controlling the acoustic polarization. The intensity of the sidelobes in the filter spectrum was reduced by almost 6 dB using this apodization technique.
Novel α‐conotoxins identified by gene sequencing from cone snails native to Hainan, and their sequence diversity (2006)

Conotoxins (CTX) from the venom of marine cone snails (genus Conus) represent large families of proteins, which show a similar precursor organization with surprisingly conserved signal sequence of the precursor peptides, but highly diverse pharmacological activities. By using the conserved sequences found within the genes that encode the alpha-conotoxin precursors, a technique based on RT-PCR was used to identify, respectively, two novel peptides (LiC22, LeD2) from the two worm-hunting Conus species Conus lividus, and Conus litteratus, and one novel peptide (TeA21) from the snail-hunting Conus species Conus textile, all native to Hainan in China. The three peptides share an alpha4/7 subfamily alpha-conotoxins common cysteine pattern (CCX(4)CX(7)C, two disulfide bonds), which are competitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs). The cDNA of LiC22N encodes a precursor of 40 residues, including a propeptide of 19 residues and a mature peptide of 21 residues. The cDNA of LeD2N encodes a precursor of 41 residues, including a propeptide of 21 residues and a mature peptide of 16 residues with three additional Gly residues. The cDNA of TeA21N encodes a precursor of 38 residues, including a propeptide of 20 residues and a mature peptide of 17 residues with an additional residue Gly. The additional residue Gly of LeD2N and TeA21N is a prerequisite for the amidation of the preceding C-terminal Cys. All three sequences are processed at the common signal site -X-Arg- immediately before the mature peptide sequences. The properties of the alpha4/7 conotoxins known so far were discussed in detail. Phylogenetic analysis of the new conotoxins in the present study and the published homologue of alpha4/7 conotoxins from the other Conus species were performed systematically. Patterns of sequence divergence for the three regions of signal, proregion, and mature peptides, both nucleotide acids and residue substitutions in DNA and peptide levels, as well as Cys codon usage were analyzed, which suggest how these separate branches originated. Percent identities of the DNA and amino acid sequences of the signal region exhibited high conservation, whereas the sequences of the mature peptides ranged from almost identical to highly divergent between inter- and intra-species. Notably, the diversity of the proregion was also high, with an intermediate percentage of divergence between that observed in the signal and in the toxin regions. The data presented are new and are of importance, and should attract the interest of researchers in this field. The elucidated cDNAs of these toxins will facilitate a better understanding of the relationship of their structure and function, as well as the process of their evolutionary relationships.
Low-Cost Augmented Reality Systems via 3D Point Cloud Sensors (2011)

In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors, such as the Microsoft XBox Kinect and Asus Xtion PRO LIVE, in the application of computer-generated imagery in live-video streams in Augmented Reality (AR) systems. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of such devices during the calibration and registration steps, which are the most computationally expensive and time consuming. Moreover, we describe how to approach the problem of face alignment, that is the aligning of a previously captured model of a face to newly captured data, by using 3D point cloud data and open-source libraries.
Expedient Treatment of a Collodion Baby (2011)

Only ~270 cases of collodion babies have been reported in the literature since 1892. As the name suggests, the term "collodion baby" refers to a phenotype that can be characterized by a yellow, shiny, tight parchment-like membrane stretched over the skin. Although the collodion membrane is only an evanescent condition of the newborn, neonatal complications can occur in 45% of all collodion babies, leading to a mortality rate of ~11% in the first few weeks of life. Most children born as collodion babies will spontaneously desquamate within 2 weeks, but may be as long as 3 months. Eventually, these children develop signs of one of several types of ichthyosis, which gives the skin the appearance of "fish scales." We report a unique case of a Caucasian male that was born as a Collodion baby at the University of Kentucky Children's Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky. Although the impairment of the skin barrier function put the patient at risk for a number of complications, he improved significantly after being treated with emollients and antibiotics. In contrast to previous findings, we found that skin emollients were beneficial and did not increase the risk of infection.
Growth inhibition by vaccinia virus growth factor. (1990)

Vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), a highly glycosylated 77-residue epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like polypeptide encoded in vaccinia poxvirus, is reported to play an important role in stimulating growth of uninfected cells to facilitate virus infection. We have chemically synthesized the unglycosylated forms of VGF and VGF19-69, a shortened VGF analog consisting of 51 residues and comprising the EGF-homologous region (position 19-69) of VGF. Both synthetic forms of VGFs were purified to homogeneity and vigorously characterized by various criteria, including the Cf-252 ion fission fragment mass spectrometry, amino acid sequencing, and enzymatic digestion to confirm the disulfide linkages. Synthetic VGFs exhibited high affinity binding to the EGF receptors in A431, NRK 49F, NRK clone 3, and NIH 3T3 cells, but, unlike the glycosylated form, showed contrasting mitogenic activities in various cells in vitro. Synthetic VGFs showed low levels of mitogenic and colonogenic activities in NRK clone 49F cells and NIH 3T3 cells, full agonist activities in human keratinocytes and Swiss 3T3 cells, and partial agonist activities in NRK clone 3 cells. Our results suggest that the unglycosylated form of VGF is an EGF antagonist to selected cells and that the production of unglycosylated form of VGF by the cytolytic vaccinia virus may serve as a mechanism whereby inhibition of growth and metabolism of selected host cells may be used to facilitate the propagation of the virus infection.
Distributed intercell coordination through time reuse partitioning in downlink CDMA (2004)

Beyond 3G high speed cellular systems like HDR use a high speed downlink shared channel to provide users with services which are in many cases non real time. Each base station schedules transmissions to its users in a one by one fashion and transmits at its full power. In order to maintain an acceptable degree of fairness among users we should either assign more time slots to users at the cell boundary experiencing higher interference or use other means like intercell coordination to reduce users ' received interference. This paper proposes a fixed distributed intercell coordination method where base stations in a cluster of neighboring cells transmit one by one in a round-robin fashion and further shows that this intercell coordination scheme does not necessarily benefit all users of a cell especially when there is a maximum data rate limit for some users due to hardware limitations. Thus in order to increase the efficiency of our fixed intercell coordination scheme we propose a time reuse partitioning algorithm similar to the channel reuse partitioning in narrowband cellular systems.
The Third-Party Applications Development Based on Social Network Open Platform (2014)

With the development of social networks, open platforms have achieved remarkable success all around the world. Many social networks have released their open platforms one after another, and a large number of third-party applications have been developed on these platforms. This identifies that Internet has step into the era in which user can develop their own applications from the era in which user only get information. This paper introduces the open platforms and its development approaches. Firstly, we introduce the open platform architecture of 3 popular social networks: Facebook, Renren and Sina Weibo. Then key technologies in third-part applications development are respectively illustrated, including hyper text transfer protocol, JavaScript, Ajax, XML, JSON and OAuth. Lastly, we show how to develop a third party application in Sina Weibo by taking "get user's tweets" as an example. More and more people are trying to develop their own applications in social network open platforms nowadays. We hope this paper could help them understand the basic idea and main approaches, thus provide a good beginning for these developers.
Low Crosstalk Simultaneous 12 ch x 25 Gb/s Operation of High-Density Silicon Photonics Multichannel Receiver (2017)

We developed high-density silicon-photonics multichannel receiver and demonstrated 12ch × 25 Gb/s error-free operations at the bit-error-rate of < 1E-12 for the pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) of 231-1 signals. Carefully designed high power integrity successfully led to very small crosstalk penalty of 1.2 dB under the simultaneous operation at all 12 channels.
Syntheses, in vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Series of 3‐Substituted Succinimides. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and characterization of RNA aptamers specific for the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 protease (2000)

Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) from hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serine protease that provides an essential function in maturation of the virus by cleaving the nonstructural regions of the viral polyprotein. The goal of this work was to isolate RNA aptamers that bind specifically to the NS3 protease active site in the truncated polypeptide DeltaNS3. RNA aptamers were selected in vitro by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The RNA pool for SELEX had a 30-nucleotide randomized core region. After nine selection cycles, a pool of DeltaNS3-specific RNA aptamers were obtained. This RNA pool included 45 clones that divided into three main classes (G9-I, II and III). These classes include the conserved sequence GA(A/U)UGGGAC. These aptamers bind to DeltaNS3 with a binding constant of about 10 nM and inhibit approximately 90% of the protease activity of DeltaNS3 and MBP-NS3 (full-length of NS3 fused with maltose binding protein). In addition, these aptamers inhibited approximately 70% of the MBP-NS3 protease activity in the presence of the NS4A peptide P41. G9-I aptamer appeared to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for DeltaNS3 with a Ki approximately 100 nM in the presence of P41. These results suggest that the pool of selected aptamers have potential as anti-HCV compounds. Mutational analysis of the G9-I aptamer demonstrated that the sequences required for protease inhibition are in stem I, stem III and loop III of the aptamer. These regions include the conserved sequence GA(A/U)UGGGAC.
Experimental verification of noncoherent Doppler tracking at the Deep Space Network (2000)

A recently developed noncoherent Doppler tracking technique has been experimentally verified at the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) Test Facility. This technique permits highly accurate two-way Doppler measurements to he made with a simple transceiver system. The accuracy goal of 0.1 mm/s has been verified as well as the compatibility of the technique with the equipment, practices, and the radiometric file formats used by the DSN. The test setup and measured system performance are described. Several test conditions were varied including signal level, transceiver oscillator frequency drift, physical movement, and telemetry bit rate. A side-by-side comparison of the performance with a coherent transponder was also obtained.
Classification of Solder Joint Using Feature Selection Based on Bayes and Support Vector Machine (2013)

In this paper, a feature selection and a two-stage classifier for solder joint inspection have been proposed. Using a three-color (red, green, and blue) hemispherical light-emitting diode array illumination and a charge-coupled device color digital camera, images of solder joints can be obtained. The color features, including the average gray level and the percentage of highlights and template-matching feature, are extracted. After feature selection, based on the algorithm of Bayes, each solder joint is classified by its qualification. If the solder joint fails in the qualification test, it is classified into one of the pre-defined types based on support vector machine. The choice of the second stage classifier is based on the performance evaluation of various classifiers. The proposed inspection system has been implemented and tested with various types of solder joints in surface-mounted devices. The experimental results showed that the proposed scheme is not only more efficient, but also increases the recognition rate, because it reduces the number of needed extracted features.
Breaking new ground in groundwater remediation (1993)

Many environmental remediation experts believe a large portion of their industry's future lies just below the surface -- in the nation's polluted aquifers. EPA estimates that more than 1.5 million underground petroleum storage tanks exist in the US, excluding the tens of thousands containing home heating oil, which are not subject to federal regulation. Since 1988, state environmental agencies have reported to EPA more than 166,000 incidents involving leaking underground petroleum storage tanks, and continue to report an additional 50,000 new releases each year. By the mid-1990s, EPA estimates states will have identified more than 300,000 USTs leaking petroleum products into soil and groundwater. Traditional methods of recovering and treating contaminated groundwater have been limited almost entirely to vertical well techniques. These techniques involve using high-pressure drills to bore vertical wells over a contaminant source and pumping contaminants to the surface for treatment.
From mitochondrial ion channels to arrhythmias in the heart: computational techniques to bridge the spatio-temporal scales (2008)

Computer simulations of electrical behaviour in the whole ventricles have become commonplace during the last few years. The goals of this article are (i) to review the techniques that are currently employed to model cardiac electrical activity in the heart, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, and (ii) to implement a novel modelling approach, based on physiological reasoning, that lifts some of the restrictions imposed by current state-of-the-art ionic models. To illustrate the latter approach, the present study uses a recently developed ionic model of the ventricular myocyte that incorporates an excitation-contraction coupling and mitochondrial energetics model. A paradigm to bridge the vastly disparate spatial and temporal scales, from subcellular processes to the entire organ, and from sub-microseconds to minutes, is presented. Achieving sufficient computational efficiency is the key to success in the quest to develop multiscale realistic models that are expected to lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmia induction following failure at the organelle level, and ultimately to the development of novel therapeutic applications.
Alterations in the phospholipid composition of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and other bacteria induced by Tris (1982)

Alterations in the phospholipid head group composition of most strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, as well as Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Paracoccus denitrificans, occurred when cells were grown in medium supplemented with Tris. Growth of R. sphaeroides M29-5 in Tris-supplemented medium resulted in the accumulation of N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS) to as much as 40% of the total whole-cell phospholipid, whereas NAPS represented approximately 28 an 33% of the total phospholipid when R. capsulata and P. denitrificans respectively, were grown in medium containing 20 mM Tris. The accumulation of NAPS occurred primarily at the expense of phosphatidylethanolamine in both whole cells and isolated membranes of R. sphaeroides and had no detectable effect on cell growth under either chemoheterotrophic or photoheterotrophic conditions. Yeast extract (0.1%) and Casamino Acids (1.0%) were found to be antagonistic to the Tris-induced (20 mM) alteration in the phospholipid composition of R. sphaeroides. The wild-type strains R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 and RS2 showed no alteration in their phospholipid composition when they were grown in medium supplemented with Tris. In all strains of Rhodospirillaceae tested, as well as in P. denitrificans, NAPS represented between 1.0 and 2.0% of the total phospholipid when cells were grown in the absence of Tris. [32P]orthophosphoric acid entered NAPS rapidly in strains of R. sphaeroides that do (strain M29-5) and do not (strain 2.4.1) accumulate this phospholipid in response to Tris. Our data indicate that the phospholipid head group composition of many Rhodospirillaceae strains, as well as P. denitrificans, is easily manipulated; thus, these bacteria may provide good model systems for studying the effects of these modifications on membrane structure and function in a relatively unperturbed physiological system.
Photoreceptor function in infants and children with a history of mild retinopathy of prematurity (1996)

Five infants and children with a history of mild retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were tested for postulated alterations in rod photoreceptor function. The photoreceptor responses were derived from the electroretinographic alpha waves. Postreceptoral components, the beta wave and the oscillatory potentials, were also examined. The saturated amplitude and sensitivity of the rod photoreceptor responses were low, except for the sensitivity in one patient. The beta-wave sensitivity was low, but saturated amplitudes were within the 95% prediction interval for normal. The amplitudes of the oscillatory-potential responses were also attenuated. The results indicate that retinal dysfunction may be present in patients with a history of mild ROP long after the ROP has completely resolved. Additionally, the data suggest that the photoreceptors are the primary site of retinal dysfunction in mild ROP.
The solar chimney—overall efficiency, design and performance (1987)

SYNOPSIS An analysis is developed for the soiar chimney, aimed particularly at deriving overall efficiency and significant performance data. Numerical values are consistent with available information on the 200 m solar chimney at Manzanares, Spain, and projected designs. Overall efficiency is directly related to the height of the chimney and is shown to be about 1% for a height of 1000 m. It is concluded that the solar chimney is essentially a power generator of large scale.
The importance of anisotropy and turning rays in prestack time migration (2004)

The importance of including anisotropy and turning waves in depth imaging is generally recognized; however, in time imaging, these effects are often handled with approximations that unnecessarily limit the quality of the migrated result. Here we show that Kirchhoff prestack time migration can accurately image steep or overturned events with little additional cost, provided turning rays and anisotropy are taken into account. High‐accuracy anisotropic turning‐ray migration can also offer many other additional benefits, including improved lateral resolution, improved vertical (stratigraphic) resolution, better velocity resolution, and better AVA parameter estimation.