gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Functional Pseudotyping of Oncoretroviral and Lentiviral Vectors by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Envelope Proteins (2004)

Murine oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses pseudotyped with envelope proteins of alphaviruses have shown great potential in providing broad-host-range, stable vectors for gene therapy. Unlike vesicular stomatitis virus G protein-pseudotyped vectors, they are not neutralized by complement and do not appear to cause significant tissue damage. Here we report the production of murine oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the envelope proteins of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). When optimized, these pseudotypes achieve titers of 10(6) CFU/ml, which is 5- to 10-fold higher than for previous vectors pseudotyped with envelope proteins from other alphaviruses. They can also be concentrated or stored frozen without significant loss of infectivity. Consistent with the tropism of the envelope donor, they transduce a broad array of human cell types, including lung epithelial cells, neuronal cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. Infection is blocked by agents that inhibit endosomal acidification and by neutralizing antibodies against VEEV. These observations indicate that the pseudotypes present native epitopes on their surface and enter through a VEEV envelope-dependent, pH-sensitive mechanism. The fact that the pseudotypes are unaffected by sera reactive to other alphaviruses indicates that they may be useful when successive gene therapies are required in the presence of an active immune response. In this case, having an array of alphavirus-based vectors with similar cell tropisms would be highly advantageous. These vectors may also be useful in diagnostic assays in which infectious VEEV is undesirable but immune reactivity to native epitopes is required.
Gene expression analysis of glioblastomas identifies the major molecular basis for the prognostic benefit of younger age (2008)

The survival benefit of younger age is nullified when patients are stratified by gene expression group. Thus, the main cause of the age effect in GBMs is the more frequent occurrence of PN GBMs in younger patients relative to older patients.
THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL IMPURITIES ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING POLYMERS SEPARATED FROM MIXED PLASTICS (2001)

This paper reports the results of an investigation of the effects of purity level and nature of impurities on the properties of recycled polycarbonate and recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers blended with the corresponding virgin resins. The relevant thermal, mechanical and flow properties were measured. It is concluded that properties of recycled polymers depend not only on the amount of impurity present but also on the kind of impurities and contaminants that are present. The latter factor even plays an important part in relation to compatibility of polymers. However, polymer melt rheology seems less sensitive to impurities than some mechanical properties such as impact strength. More than 99 % purity is needed for recycling these polymers back into their original, high-value applications.
Cine MR determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (1987)

Cine MR imaging provides tomographic images of the heart with both high spatial and high temporal resolution. As many as 32 images per cardiac cycle can be acquired with up to four separate anatomic slices and a total imaging time of 128 cardiac cycles. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were determined in 11 patients, and ejection fractions were calculated. The results correlated linearly with those from cardiac catheterization (correlation coefficient of .88). We conclude that cine MR imaging can be used to obtain quantitative information about the heart and has the potential to become a valuable noninvasive means of cardiac evaluation.
UK-2A, B, C and D, Novel Antifungal Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. 517-02. VI(1). Structure-Activity Relationships of UK-2A. (2001)

Streptomyces sp. 517-02 produced several novel antifungal antibiotics, UK-2A, B, C and D (UK-2 compounds), which have similarity to antimycin A3 (AA) in structure and inhibitory activities towards electron transport at complex III in mitochondria.1^However, UK-2 compounds inhibited the growth of Rhizopus
Unemployment and Social Integration: A Review (1988)

A review of the literature identifies the loss of work as a stressful life event that has been linked to a number of psychosocial ills. The paper examines the loss of social relationships, a major noneconomic cost of unemployment, as a major contributor to the development of those ills. Practice implications of this finding are identified.
A study of iterative type II polyketide synthases, using bacterial genes cloned from soil DNA: a means to access and use genes from uncultured microorganisms (1997)

To examine as randomly as possible the role of the beta-ketoacyl and acyl carrier protein (ACP) components of bacterial type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), homologs of the chain-length-factor (CLF) genes were cloned from the environmental community of microorganisms. With PCR primers derived from conserved regions of known ketosynthase (KSalpha) and ACP genes specifying the formation of 16- to 24-carbon polyketides, two CLF (KSbeta) genes were cloned from unclassified streptomycetes isolated from the soil, and two were cloned from soil DNA without the prior isolation of the parent microorganism. The sequence and deduced product of each gene were distinct from those of known KSbeta genes and, by phylogenetic analysis, belonged to antibiotic-producing PKS gene clusters. Hybrid PKS gene cassettes were constructed with each novel KSbeta gene substituted for the actI-ORF2 or tcmL KSbeta subunit genes, along with the respective actI-ORF1 or tcmK KSalpha, tcmM ACP, and tcmN cyclase genes, and were found to produce an octaketide or decaketide product characteristic of the ones known to be made by the heterologous KSalpha gene partner. Since substantially less than 1% of the microorganisms present in soil are thought to be cultivatable by standard methods, this work demonstrates a potential way to gain access to a more extensive range of microbial molecular diversity and to biosynthetic pathways whose products can be tested for biological applications.
DistressNet: a wireless ad hoc and sensor network architecture for situation management in disaster response (2010)

Situational awareness in a disaster is critical to effective response. Disaster responders require timely delivery of high volumes of accurate data to make correct decisions. To meet these needs, we present DistressNet, an ad hoc wireless architecture that supports disaster response with distributed collaborative sensing, topology-aware routing using a multichannel protocol, and accurate resource localization. Sensing suites use collaborative and distributed mechanisms to optimize data collection and minimize total energy use. Message delivery is aided by novel topology management, while congestion is minimized through the use of mediated multichannel radio protocols. Estimation techniques improve localization accuracy in difficult environments.
Tunable External Cavity Laser With a Liquid-Crystal Subwavelength Resonant Grating Filter as Wavelength-Selective Mirror (2007)

We demonstrate a tunable external cavity laser consisting of a voltage-tuned liquid-crystal cladded subwavelength resonant grating filter placed directly in front of a semiconductor laser gain chip. The filter acts as a tunable wavelength-selective mirror. As the applied voltage to the filter changes from 0 to 22 V, the laser wavelength demonstrates a tuning range of 7 nm, which may be further increased. As the laser has simple cavity design and no moving parts, it can be low cost and easy to fabricate and assemble.
Visualizing and Discovering Non-Trivial Patterns in Large Time Series Databases (2005)

Data visualization techniques are very important for data analysis, since the human eye has been frequently advocated as the ultimate data-mining tool. However, there has been surprisingly little work on visualizing massive time series data sets. To this end, we developed VizTree, a time series pattern discovery and visualization system based on augmenting suffix trees. VizTree visually summarizes both the global and local structures of time series data at the same time. In addition, it provides novel interactive solutions to many pattern discovery problems, including the discovery of frequently occurring patterns (motif discovery), surprising patterns (anomaly detection), and query by content. VizTree works by transforming the time series into a symbolic representation, and encoding the data in a modified suffix tree in which the frequency and other properties of patterns are mapped onto colors and other visual properties. We demonstrate the utility of our system by comparing it with state-of-the-art batch algorithms on several real and synthetic data sets. Based on the tree structure, we further device a coefficient which measures the dissimilarity between any two time series. This coefficient is shown to be competitive with the well-known Euclidean distance.
The Clinical Impact of the Newer Research in Blood Rheology: An Overview (1981)

Over the last two decades concepts of hemorheology became established and required methods and techniques developed. Progress was made in the formation of a field of clinical hemorheology. The role of viscosity factors in various disorders has been established, especially in heart disease and diabetes. It has been recognized that hyperviscosity can be present if any one of the blood viscosity factors is increased, even if the viscosity of whole blood appears normal or even subnormal. While hyperviscosity may result in ischemic and thromboembolic episodes, the causes of hyperviscosity may include cancer, genetic abnormality, infection, metabolic disorders, and many others. The basic causes can be, in their turn, affected and reinforced by hyperviscosity. Superimposition of an added hyperviscosity factor onto already elevated blood viscosity might lead to precipitation of ischemic episodes. This review deals with the correlations between hyperviscosity and heat disease and among diabetes, cancer, and chronic anxiety. The predictive value of hyperviscosity with respect to ischemic episodes and cancer metastases is discussed.
O sonho como palavra precisa (2010)

Apresentação da versão brasileira de “L’action restreinte”, uma das Divagations de Stéphane Mallarmé, que a Editora da UFSC acaba de publicar. “Livro e nãolivro” realizado no decorrer de trinta anos, a íntegra dos fragmentos em prosa poética do poeta francês aparecem pela primeira vez no Brasil pelas mãos de Fernando Scheibe, professor de literatura da UFAM e tradutor da revista Acéphale.
Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime (FK 749), a new cephalosporin, against cephalosporin-resistant bacteria, and its stability to beta-lactamase (1979)

Antibacterial activity of FK 749 against ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was compared with those of other newly developed cephalosporins. FK 749 was the most active against strains possessing R-plasmids specifying ampicillin resistance and those whose resistance was chromosomally determined. The susceptibility of ampicillin-susceptible E. coli to FK 749 was not decreased by transduction of ampicillin resistance-specifying plasmids. However, most of the transconjugants acquired a high level of resistance to cefoperazone and cefamandole and a moderate level of resistance to cefoperazone and cefamandole and a moderate level to cefotiam. FK 749 was highly stable to both penicillinase- and cephalosporinase-type beta-lactamases, including R-plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase. Its level of resistance to beta-lactamases was comparable to those of cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and cefotaxime, slightly superior to that of cefuroxime, and much superior to those of cefotiam, cefamandole, and cefoperazone.
Contextual Models for Object Detection Using Boosted Random Fields (2004)

We seek to both detect and segment objects in images. To exploit both lo-cal image data as well as contextual information, we introduce Boosted Random Fields (BRFs), which uses Boosting to learn the graph struc-ture and local evidence of a conditional random field (CRF). The graph structure is learned by assembling graph fragments in an additive model. The connections between individual pixels are not very informative, but by using dense graphs, we can pool information from large regions of the image; dense models also support efficient inference. We show how contextual information from other objects can improve detection perfor-mance, both in terms of accuracy and speed, by using a computational cascade. We apply our system to detect stuff and things in office and street scenes. 1
Low-Cost Distributed Key Management (2018)

Key management is one of the biggest challenges in cryptography. Traditionally, organizations stored cryptographic keys using file-based storage, which is insecure due to the lack of sufficient authentication. To overcome this issue, industry has moved towards using Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) for storing cryptographic keys. However, storing keys on HSMs does not ensure high availability if they fail due to network outages or lack of sufficient resources. Major cloud offerings provide high-availability key management solutions, but their cost may be prohibitively high for small-and mid-sized organizations. In this paper, we propose a system that combines distributed object storage with Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) to ensure secure storage of keys, high availability of sensitive data, and ease of deployment. We envision this system as an attractive alternative for key management in private and public cloud settings.
Yield response of corn in a Planosol soil to subsurface drainage with variable tile spacings (1965)

The Edina soil series of southeastern Iowa and northern Missouri are soils of relatively flat topography and poor internal drainage. The need for research data on the feasibility of drainage (both surface and subsurface) on the Edina soils was recognized at the time experiments were begun on the Southern Iowa Experimental Farm, Davis County, Iowa. The yield response of corn to surface drainage by bedding was summarized and reported by Beer et al.3 in 1961. Since initiation of the subsurface drainage experiment in 1949, data on crop-yield response to tile drainage have been collected. The purpose of this bulletin is to present the results of this study as related to the effects of tile drainage on crop yields, with the emphasis on corn, during the period of record. The nature of tile discharge during the growing seasons from 1951 to 1963 also is presented.
Eculizumab Dosing Intervals Longer than 17 Days May Be Associated with Greater Risk of Breakthrough Hemolysis in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2016)

Eculizumab given bi-weekly is widely recommended for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). We undertook a retrospective analysis on the medical records of 763 dosings of 14 PNH patients to investigate whether a threshold would exist in dosing intervals associated with breakthrough hemolysis. We identified 12 events of breakthrough hemolysis in 4 patients. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed a significant association between increased risk of breakthrough hemolysis and prolonged dosing intervals of 17 days or more and concomitant inflammation: odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.6 (1.3-2.0, p<0.01) and 5.5 (1.3-22.8, p=0.02), respectively. ROC analysis showed that the best cut-off dosing interval discriminating breakthrough hemolysis was 16.5 days. We consider that eculizumab dosing intervals longer than 17 days may be associated with an increased risk for developing breakthrough hemolysis in patients with PNH.
Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing in Optical Packet Switching Systems (2011)

This paper discusses nonlinear optical signal processing employed in optical packet switching systems. Nonlinear optical signal processing provides optical label (header) recognition, optical switching, wavelength conversion, and time buffering with typically higher capacity, lower latency, and lower power consumption than electronic counterparts. In order to provide diverse signal processing functions, large-scale integration of nonlinear optical signal processing devices is essential. We discuss possible future directions in optical packet switching involving nonlinear optical signal processing of optical packets with advanced data and label modulation formats.
Real-time multiplexed digital cavity-enhanced spectroscopy (2015)

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy is a sensitive optical absorption technique but one where the practical applications have been limited to studying small wavelength ranges. This Letter shows that wideband operation can be achieved by combining techniques usually reserved for the communications community with that of cavity-enhanced spectroscopy, producing a multiplexed real-time cavity-enhanced spectrometer. We use multiple collinear laser sources operating asynchronously and simultaneously while being detected on a single photodetector. This is synonymous with radio frequency (RF) cellular systems in which signals are detected on a single antenna but decoded uniquely. Here, we demonstrate results with spectra of methyl salicylate and show parts-per-billion per root hertz sensitivity measured in real-time.
Simulated flue gas fixation for large-scale biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg (2009)

Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg. in a pilot scale of bubble column photo bioreactor with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) alteration in this research successfully enhanced the biomass production 2.5 times compared with constant light illumination at 77.4 μmol/(m2·s) [5 klx]. The enhanced growth of this microalga occurred during a shorter cultivation period that was around 60-65% of the growth period. Cultivation using simulated flue gas for both alteration mode and constant illumination also showed a similar pattern as above; alteration mode is more efficient than the constant photon flux density at 77.4 μmol/(m2·s), although not as high when compared to previous results, it can increase approximately 60% in biomass production yield. The existence of simulated un-burned hydrocarbon on blown air has a significant effect on biomass production, approximately 100% increase compared to CO2 content blown air. As a note, all cultivations used specific operation conditions such as: T = 302 K, P = 101 KPa, superficial gas velocity (UG) = 15.7 m/h, CO2 content in blown air (yCO2,i )= 10% or simulated blown flue gas that was enriched by LPG hydrocarbon around 0.5 and 1%; Beneck medium; 20 dm3 volume of bubble column photo bioreactor; and photon flux density source by Phillip Halogen Lamp 20 W / 12 V / 50 Hz.
Scale effects on solid propellant MPD thruster performance (1998)

This paper discusses an experimental investigation of solid propellant, quasi-steady (pulse durations of ~1 ms), magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster operation as a function of thruster scale (size). Measurements include the electrical characteristics, impulse bit (thrust stand), exhaust velocity (time-of-flight (TOP) Langmuir probe system), and ablated propellant mass for each scaled thruster. The same number of thruster shots is used to collect data at each operating point. The baseline thruster is found to operate in one of two electrical modes (high and low), hi a random fashion, at a fixed energy. As the absolute energy level is increased, the probability of high mode operation is found to increase. The scaled thrusters (33% smaller and 25% larger based on nozzle exit radius) operate in only one electrical mode. Furthermore, these tests show that the smaller sized thruster exhibits different behavior than the two larger thrusters. The smaller thruster's characteristic curves for impulse bit as a function of thruster energy, and effective Maecker's law coefficient (bg ~) as a function of the tune integral of the MPD discharge current OP) have different slopes than for the other two thrusters which show the same trends. These data imply that the smaller thruster operates in a different regime than the larger thrusters. This operational regime difference is likely related to the smaller thruster's higher current densities at constant thruster energy.
State of the Art: Background and Recent Developments--Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves (1963)

The aim of this survey is to discuss the basic problems encountered in the general areas of generation, transmission, and detection of millimeter waves. Representative examples of work in these three areas since 1959 are reviewed with respect to the methods and techniques employed to circumvent present limitations and extend the frontier into the submillimeter range. Subject classifications include classical and quantum electronics, harmonic generation optical frequency pumping and mixing, waveguide and optical transmission systems, resonators, and detectors. At the end of each section, a few critical evaluation remarks are made on the work in progress and the prospects of success in the near future. A fairly comprehensive list of some 157 references dating from 1959 is listed by year and subject title. While substantial progress has been made, especially in technology, in the last few years, the submillimeter wave problem appears as formidable as ever and no breakthrough idea has yet been recognized.
MODELS FOR ASSESSING SCAR TISSUE INHIBITORS (1985)

The main purpose of animal models for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is to develop pharmacologic therapies for this common cause of blindness. A very large number of pharmacologic agents appear to have potential use in this application by preventing cell proliferation and/or contraction. In practice, however, it has been found that prohibitively extensive numbers of animals and laboratory services are required to establish drug efficacy, safety, and dosage regimes. To lessen this work load and to accelerate drug screening programs, the authors have developed an in vitro model for PVR based on chorioretinal fibroblast growth in three-dimensional collagen lattices. This model yields precise data on the effect of drugs on cell proliferation and contractility. Trifluoperazine, colchicine, 5-fluorouracil, dexamethasone, and penicillamine were screened in this model. Thefirst three agents were found to be inhibitory; on the basis of the pharmacokinetic data, obtained dosage regimes for animal testing were developed. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the in vitro model and the biochemical action of these drugs on the cellular events in PVR. In vitro screening of drugs prior to animal testing offers a significant advance in the quest for a pharmacologic prevention of blindness due to PVR.