gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro synthesis of IgE by human lymphocytes. III. IgE-potentiating activity of culture supernatants from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B cells. (1984)

Seven Epstein--Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cell lines were derived from circulating lymphocytes of two atopic and two non-atopic individuals, two preparations of cord blood lymphocytes and one tonsillar lymphocyte preparation. All the cell lines contained a significant proportion of cells expressing Fc epsilon R as detected by rosette formation with IgE-coated bovine erythrocytes (E-IgE) and by flow cytometry using IgE-linked to fluorescent microspheres. None of the cell lines displayed FcR for IgA, IgM or IgG. The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of EBV-transformed cells contained IgE-binding factors (IgE-BFs) detected by their ability to inhibit the binding to RPMI 8866 cells of either E-IgE or IgE-linked to microspheres. Whereas these CFS enhanced the synthesis of IgE and suppressed the synthesis of IgG by purified B lymphocytes isolated from the blood of allergic donors and cultured in the absence of stimulant, their effect on the synthesis of IgA or IgM was not predictable. CFS significantly enhanced the secretion of IgE by the U266 myeloma cell line without interfering with secretion of IgM, IgG or IgA by EBV-transformed cells. These data are in accord with similar properties of RPMI 8866 cells and suggest that B lymphocytes might play a regulating role in the IgE synthesis.
The Role of Urbanization in the Global Carbon Cycle (2016)

Urban areas account for more than 70% of CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels. Urban expansion in tropics is responsible for 5% of the annual emissions from land use change. Here I show that the effect of urbanization on the global carbon cycle extends beyond these emissions. I quantify the contribution of urbanization to the major carbon fluxes and pools globally and identify gaps crucial for predicting the evolution of the carbon cycle in the future. Urban residents currently control ~22 (12-40) % of the land carbon uptake (112 PgC/yr) and ~24 (15-39) % of the carbon emissions (117 PgC/yr) from land globally. Urbanization resulted in the creation of new carbon pools on land such as buildings (~6.7 PgC) and landfills (~30 PgC). Together these pools store 1.6 (±0.3) % of the total vegetation and soil carbon pools globally. The creation and maintenance of these new pools has been associated with high emissions of CO2, which are currently better understood than the processes associated with the dynamics of these pools and accompanying uptake of carbon. Predictions of the future trajectories of the global carbon cycle will require a much better understanding of how urban development affects the carbon cycle over the long term.
Polarization-insensitive arrayed-waveguide wavelength multiplexer with birefringence compensating film (1993)

An integrated-optic polarization-insensitive wavelength multiplexer that is based on an arrayed-waveguide grating is described. Polarization dependence due to thermal stress was eliminated by depositing an a-Si birefringence compensation film on the arrayed-waveguide. The multiplexing operation of 16 wavelength channels with a 0.8 nm spacing was confirmed to be independent of the polarization state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anodic Oxidation of Gallium Phosphide in Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (1974)

Highly sensitive and scalable AAO
Protective Role of p21 <i> <sup>Waf1/Cip1</sup> </i> against Prostaglandin A <sub>2</sub> -Mediated Apoptosis of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (1996)

Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) suppresses tumor growth in vivo, is potently antiproliferative in vitro, and is a model drug for the study of the mammalian stress response. Our previous studies using breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells suggested that p21(Waf1/Cip1) induction enabled cells to survive PGA2 exposure. Indeed, the marked sensitivity of human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells to the cytotoxicity of PGA2 is known to be associated with a lack of a PGA2-mediated increase in p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity, and growth arrest. To determine if cell death following exposure to PGA2 could be prevented by forcing the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in RKO cells, we utilized an adenoviral vector-based expression system. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) largely rescued RKO cells from PGA2-induced apoptotic cell death, directly implicating p21(Waf1/Cip1) as a determinant of the cellular outcome (survival versus death) following exposure to PGA2. To discern whether p21(Waf1/Cip1)-mediated protection operates through the implementation of cellular growth arrest, other growth-inhibitory treatments were studied for the ability to attenuate PGA2-induced cell death. Neither serum depletion nor suramin (a growth factor receptor antagonist) protected RKO cells against PGA2 cytotoxicity, and neither induced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. Mimosine, however, enhanced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, completely inhibited RKO cell proliferation, and exerted marked protection against a subsequent PGA2 challenge. Taken together, our results directly demonstrate a protective role for p21(Waf1/Cip1) during PGA2 cellular stress and provide strong evidence that the implementation of cellular growth arrest contributes to this protective influence.
A relay based MAC protocol to support multi-rate feature in mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

Multi-rate feature is an important advance in wireless communications. It enables wireless devices to operate at high data rate when the channel condition is sufficiently good. Existing ad hoc routing protocols can not perform very well in the multi-rate ad hoc networks because they generally assume that bandwidth of different links are identical in the system. One straightforward solution to this issue is to use special routing metrics in routing algorithm, which is called routing approach. However, we believe that only localized reaction is performed in response to the local event. Based on this design principle, we propose a relay based medium access scheme to employ multi-rate capability even if existing minimum-hop based routing protocols are used. This scheme takes advantage of the node residing between neighboring nodes as a relay node and transforms a long-range transmission into two short-range transmissions. In our scheme design, we are very careful in reducing the additional overhead caused in order to exploit the high data rate transmission. Simulations show that our scheme achieve better throughput compared with 802.11 MAC scheme, a rate-adaptive MAC protocol called RBAR and the routing approach.
Hep G2 cells as a resource for metabolic studies: lipoprotein, cholesterol, and bile acids (1990)

Hep G2, a liver cell line derived from a human hepatoblastoma that is free of known hepatotropic viral agents, has been found to express a wide variety of liver-specific metabolic functions. Among these functions are those related to cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism. Confluent Hep G2 monolayers express normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and continue to internalize and metabolize chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), LDL, and high-density lipoproteins. In lipoprotein-free medium, apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C, and E accumulate in the medium together with cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, and all the primary bile acids. The regulation of their synthesis and secretion is not fully known and their interrelationships have not been established. Because Hep G2 cells express these and other components of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, they are a microcosm for studying the central role of the liver.
An Analysis of Automatic Transmission Clutch-Plate Temperatures (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automatic transmission clutch failures and rapid oxidation of the transmission fluid have sometimes been attributed to high temperatures in the clutch pack. For the purpose of estimating these temperatures, an analysis was made of the clutch system, and a solution was developed from the partial differential equations of heat conduction with appropriate boundary conditions. The solution thus obtained was verified experimentally.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">There were several important conclusions to this study. The maximum temperature rise occurs somewhat earlier than the end of the lockup time. The interface temperature rise increases as the lockup time decreases for a fixed amount of energy input. The ratio of heat flux entering the reaction plate to that entering the composite plate is not constant, as has been assumed by others. The heat absorbed by the fluid outside the clutch pack is negligible during the short lockup time. Temperature rises for some typical cases are computed.</div>
Negative autoregulation linearizes the dose–response and suppresses the heterogeneity of gene expression (2009)

Although several recent studies have focused on gene autoregulation, the effects of negative feedback (NF) on gene expression are not fully understood. Our purpose here was to determine how the strength of NF regulation affects the characteristics of gene expression in yeast cells harboring chromosomally integrated transcriptional cascades that consist of the yEGFP reporter controlled by (i) the constitutively expressed tetracycline repressor TetR or (ii) TetR repressing its own expression. Reporter gene expression in the cascade without feedback showed a steep (sigmoidal) dose-response and a wide, nearly bimodal yEGFP distribution, giving rise to a noise peak at intermediate levels of induction. We developed computational models that reproduced the steep dose-response and the noise peak and predicted that negative autoregulation changes reporter expression from bimodal to unimodal and transforms the dose-response from sigmoidal to linear. Prompted by these predictions, we constructed a "linearizer" circuit by adding TetR autoregulation to our original cascade and observed a massive (7-fold) reduction of noise at intermediate induction and linearization of dose-response before saturation. A simple mathematical argument explained these findings and indicated that linearization is highly robust to parameter variations. These findings have important implications for gene expression control in eukaryotic cells, including the design of synthetic expression systems.
Novel LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit with OLED Luminance Compensation for 3D AMOLED Displays (2016)

A novel low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film-transistor pixel circuit for 3D active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays is presented in this work. The proposed pixel circuit employs high frame rate (240 Hz) emission driving scheme and only needs 3.5 μs for input data period. Thus, 3D AMOLED displays can be realized under high speed operations. The simulation results demonstrate excellent stability in the proposed pixel circuit. The relative current error rate is only 0.967% under the threshold voltage deviation ( ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH_DTFT</sub> = ± 0.33 V) of driving TFT. With an OLED threshold voltage detecting architecture, the OLED current can be increased with the increased OLED threshold voltage to compensate for the OLED luminance degradation. The proposed pixel circuit can therefore effectively compensate for the DTFT threshold voltage shift and OLED electric degradation at the same time.
Miniature 946 nm Nd:YAG Laser Pumped By Laser-Diode-Arrays (1987)

The recent development of high-power GaAlAs laser diode arrays available at wavelengths coinciding with the absorption bands of Nd3+ has made possible compact laser-diode-pumped solid-state lasers1. Although most of the work in this field to date has concentrated on the 1.06 µm line of Nd3+ in various crystal and glass hosts, the success of these efforts has stimulated interest in other Nd3+ lines. The 4F3/2 – 4I3/2 transition at 946 nm is of particular interest since it permits generation of blue light by frequency doubling. Until very recently, only flashlamp pumping2,3 had been used for the operation of this laser transition, but within the last year end-pumping of minature 946 nm lasers using visible dye lasers4 and single-stripe laser diodes5 has been reported.
A Review on Nanoparticles: Their Synthesis and Types (2015)

Abstract Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size. Nanotechnology explores electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as well as structural behavior at the molecular and submolecular level. It has the potential to revolutionize a series of medical and biotechnology tools and procedures so that they are portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. due to their exceptional properties including antibacterial activity, high resistance to oxidation and high thermal conductivity, nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Metallic nanoparticles that have immense applications in industries are of different types, namely, Gold, Silver, Alloy, magnetic etc. This study aims to present an overview of nanoparticles, with special reference to their mechanism of biosynthesis and types.
The coordination chemistry of nanocrystal surfaces (2015)

The luminescence and electronic properties of inorganic nanocrystals depends on surface-layer structure
An integrated approach to measuring tumor oxygen status using human melanoma xenografts as a model. (2003)

Tumor oxygen status is a reliable prognostic marker that impacts malignant progression and outcome of tumor therapy. However, tumor oxygenation is heterogeneous and cannot be sufficiently described by a single parameter. It is influenced by several factors including microvessel density (MVD), blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), blood oxygen saturation, tissue pO(2), oxygen consumption rate, and hypoxic fraction. The goal of this investigation was to integrate these measurements to obtain a comprehensive profile of tumor oxygenation. Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule immunohistochemistry, the recessed oxygen microelectrode, color and power Doppler ultrasound (DUS), and diffuse light spectroscopy (DLS) were used to measure tumor oxygen status using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-transfected hypervascular human melanoma xenografts and their nontransfected counterparts as a model. NIH1286 human melanoma cells were transfected with a retroviral vector +/- a 720-bp fragment of human VEGF(121). High VEGF-producing clones were selected by ELISA. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in NIH1286/VEGF+ [VEGF-transfected cells (VEGF+ cells)] and NIH1286/Vec cells [cells transfected with vector alone (Vec cells)] using a standard Clark oxygen electrode. Athymic nude 6-8-week-old mice received s.c. injection in the right flank with 5 x 10(6) VEGF+ or Vec cells. When tumors were 10-14 mm in maximum dimension, serum was analyzed for VEGF by ELISA. Cryopreserved tumor tissue sections were immunostained for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and MVD measurements were made. Tumor-bearing mice were anesthetized, and pO(2) measurements were made using Eppendorf pO(2) histograph or the recessed oxygen microelectrode. Tumor BF and BV were measured by quantitative analysis of DUS images. DLS was used to measure tumor BF and blood oxygen saturation variation. VEGF+ cell supernatants had 15,500 pg/ml VEGF, and Vec cells had 10 pg/ml. VEGF+ and Vec cells had equivalent oxygen consumption rates. VEGF+ tumors had a faster growth rate than Vec tumors. Serum from VEGF+ tumor-bearing mice showed 4,211 pg/ml VEGF, whereas VEGF was undetectable in the serum of control mice. MVD values were 74 +/- 11 in VEGF+ tumors and 39 +/- 4 in control tumors at x200 magnification/0.95-mm(2) area. The median pO(2) values were 3.5-fold higher in VEGF+ tumors than in Vec tumors by the recessed oxygen microelectrode and 18-fold higher by Eppendorf pO(2) histograph. DUS showed a 3.3-fold higher mean BF and a 5.5-fold higher BV in VEGF+ tumors than in Vec tumors. DLS showed a 3.2-fold higher mean BF and 1.7-fold higher oxygen saturation in the hypervascular tumors as compared with the control tumor type, consistent with increased BF and BV data by DUS. An integrated approach that yields a comprehensive and consistent profile of oxygen status in tumors could potentially provide critical information for prognosis and treatment.
Human Fetal Testis Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucose-6-Phosphatase Enzyme Protein1 (1996)

Microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) is an enzyme system traditionally thought to be present only in gluconeogenic tissues. We have used microassay techniques, immunohistochemistry using monospecific antibodies to the liver enzyme, and specific DNA probes and primers to examine whether glucose-6-phosphatase is present in human and rat testis. Microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activities in human fetal testis (weeks 15-20 of gestation) are approximately 25% of corresponding liver values. Localization is predominantly in Leydig cells, with variable and weak immunoreactivity in developing seminiferous tubules. Kinetic analysis of glucose-6-phosphatase in intact and disrupted microsomes and Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction products indicated that the specific glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme system was also present in rat testis. We have shown for the first time that specific microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity, protein, and mRNA are present in testis, and that the predominant site of expression is the Leydig cell in human fetal testis.
Attempt to differentiate between individual glutathione peroxidases in biological samples. (1998)

Routine determinations of glutathione peroxidases (GPx) still suffer from poor standardization and usually from lack of specification. The different types of glutathione peroxidases present in cellular homogenates may be differentially estimated by their distinct substrate specificities. Complex lipid hydroperoxides required for this approach, however, are not generally available nor easily standardized due to their molecular heterogeneity and tendency to form micelles. We therefore developed a simple procedure for the differential estimation of the major cellular types of GPx, the cytosolic GPx (cGPx) and the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) taking advantage of the peculiar susceptibility of PHGPx to deoxycholate. It proved to reliably determine the activities of both purified cGPx and PHGPx, in mixtures thereof, and in homogenates of tissue samples (e.g., testes), and some (e.g. ECV 304) but not all (e.g. THP-1) cultured cell lines. The method allows the differential estimation of cGPx and PHGPx, if the samples do not contain further types of GPx.
Spontaneous nystagmus and gaze-holding ability in monkeys after intravitreal picrotoxin injections (1992)

1. Eye movements were measured in three rhesus monkeys after monocular intravitreal injections of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist. The effects of this drug were tested when the animals were in a completely dark room, when they performed a smooth pursuit task, and when they viewed either a stationary pattern or a full-field optokinetic pattern rotating horizontally. 2. Between 15 and 20 min after the injection, a sustained conjugate spontaneous nystagmus developed in the dark, with the slow-phase movement in the temporal-to-nasal direction with respect to the injected eye. Peak slow-phase velocity ranged from 15 to 45 degrees/s. The nystagmus persisted for at least 1 h but stopped by the next day. 3. In a well-lit room, the nystagmus was completely suppressed, even during monocular viewing with the injected eye. When the lights were turned off, the slow-phase velocity of the spontaneous nystagmus slowly increased to a steady-state level within 70-120 s. 4. Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements to a 1 degree target light moving in front of the animal +/- 20 degrees to either side of center of gaze at constant speeds were normal. Target speeds ranging from 15 to 60 degrees/s for both monocular and binocular viewing conditions were used. Binocular and monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to a full-field drum rotating at a constant velocity (5-90 degrees/s) were also normal. The initial pursuit and steady-state components of OKN were measured, as well as the velocity-storage component (optokinetic after nystagmus, OKAN).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of contrast agents in ultrasound (2002)

By using Albunex, a recently developed ultrasound contrast agent, a clear Doppler ultrasound signal, and a B-mode image of the flow stream has been obtained. For the Doppler signal, a Hokanson Doppler unit with 5 MHz transducer was used, and for the image of the flow stream, a GE imager with 7.5 Mhz transducer was used. In this experiment, a straight 1:1000 dilution for Albunex (Molecular Biosystems Inc., San Diego, CA) was prepared. For the flow stream, a 1 mm groove in a plexiglass phantom was prepared. The Doppler signal, and the image obtained show a clear distinction between contrast agents and water. Therefore, by using an ultrasound contrast agent, flow and flow direction can be visualized using a conventional B-mode imager.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Body composition and outcome in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases19 (2012)

Sarcopenia has a negative impact on cancer outcomes following resection of CLM.
Impact of surface chemistry and blocking strategies on DNA microarrays (2003)

The surfaces and immobilization chemistries of DNA microarrays are the foundation for high quality gene expression data. Four surface modification chemistries, poly-L-lysine (PLL), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS), DAB-AM-poly(propyleminime hexadecaamine) dendrimer (DAB) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), were evaluated using cDNA and oligonucleotide sub-arrays. Two un-silanized glass surfaces, RCA-cleaned and immersed in Tris-EDTA buffer were also studied. DNA on amine-modified surfaces was fixed by UV (90 mJ/cm(2)), while DNA on GPS-modified surfaces was immobilized by covalent coupling. Arrays were blocked with either succinic anhydride (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) or left unblocked prior to hybridization with labeled PCR product. Quality factors evaluated were surface affinity for cDNA versus oligonucleotides, spot and background intensity, spotting concentration and blocking chemistry. Contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy were preformed to characterize surface wettability and morphology. The GPS surface exhibited the lowest background intensity regardless of blocking method. Blocking the arrays did not affect raw spot intensity, but affected background intensity on amine surfaces, BSA blocking being the lowest. Oligonucleotides and cDNA on unblocked GPS-modified slides gave the best signal (spot-to-background intensity ratio). Under the conditions evaluated, the unblocked GPS surface along with amine covalent coupling was the most appropriate for both cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays.
A randomised trial of target-vessel versus multi-vessel revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: major adverse cardiac events during long-term follow-up (2009)

Culprit vessel-only angioplasty was associated with the highest rate of long-term MACE compared with multivessel treatment. Patients scheduled for staged revascularisation experienced a similar rate of MACE to patients undergoing complete simultaneous treatment of non-IRA.