gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Risk Measurement for Information Leakage in IoT-Based Smart Homes from a Situational Awareness Perspective (2019)

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a technology that is extensively being used in various fields. Companies like Samsung, LG, and Apple are launching home appliances that use IoT as a part of their smart home business. Currently, Intelligent Things which combine artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT are being developed. Most of these devices are configured to collect and respond to human behavior (motion, voice, etc.) through built-in sensors. If IoT devices do not ensure high security, personal information could be leaked. This paper describes the IoT security threats that can cause information leakage from a hierarchical viewpoint of cyberspace. In addition, because these smart home-based IoT devices are closely related to human life, considering social damage is a problem. To overcome this, we propose a framework to measure the risk of IoT devices based on security scenarios that can occur in a smart home.
Detection of bone metastases in cancer patients by 18F-fluoride and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. (2001)

The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical oncology continues to increase and although there is now a large literature on the use of PET with various tracers in a wide variety of cancers, there has previously been relatively little use specifically in the evaluation of skeletal metastases. However, a number of reports on PET in this area of oncology are now becoming available. The potential advantages of PET over conventional nuclear medicine techniques, including improved spatial resolution, absolute quantitation and the acquisition of tomographic studies as a routine, are also of potential benefit in this area. The bone agent, 18F-fluoride and the tumour agent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, have been used to evaluate both benign and malignant skeletal disorders qualitatively and quantitatively and the current knowledge with respect to the skeleton in cancer patients is summarised in this article.
International Airport and Emergency Medical Care. (2002)

The Nippon Medical School New Tokyo International Airport Clinic (Airport Clinic) was opened in 1992 as Japan's first 24-hour international airport clinic. To date, it has provided medical services to a total of 117,953 patients. Of these, 85,545 (72.5%) were airport employees, 28,662 (24.3%) were passengers, and 3,746 (3.2%) were others. Of the total, non-Japanese patients accounted for 8,485 (7.2%). In the year to March 31, 2001, the Clinic treated an average of 43.9 cases per day. The number of emergency patients was 2,969 or 2.3% of the total, of whom 500 (0.4%) were non-Japanese. There were 47 deaths, with age ranging from 14 to 84 (average age 64.0). The ratio of males to females who died was 28:19. Of the 47 deaths, 18 were non-Japanese. Pulmonary thromboembolism is considered to have played a role in 25 of the deaths. Based on more than 8 years of airport clinical experience, we believe that a first-class international airport should have excellent medical facilities that can provide quality emergency medical services to travelers and disaster victims.
The Real-Time Calculation of Accurate Bottomhole Fracturing Pressure From Surface Measurements Using Measured Pressures as a Base (1983)

ABSTRACT Several papers written since 1978 have addressed the inportance of an accurate knowledge of bottom hole fracturing pressure. Nolte and Smith1 in 1979 focused industry attention on the value of this information in predicting fracturing conditions. By the proper interpretation of the slope of log net fracture pressure versus log time, they showed that normal extension with confined height, fracture height growth with extension, loss of fluid loss control due to hairline fracture openings, and runaway growth of fracture height could be interpreted for fractures conforming to the fracture geometry of Perkins and Kern2 and Nordgren3. Nolte4, in another paper, demonstrated that post-fracturing pressure decline data could be used to predict certain other fracturing parameters such as fracture height, leak-off coefficient, length, width, and closure time. Papers dealing with this technique include those of Veatch and Crowell5, Schlottman, et al6, Dobkins7, Smith8 and Smith9. Nolte, in 1982, wrote an excellent paper summarizing these techniques in SPE paper 10911, "Fracture Design Considerations Based on Pressure Analysis."10 Novotny11 also proposed a fracture closure model based on fracture geometry and leak off. Erdle12, et al, discussed the results of an experimental program conducted in Peru that addressed the same topics. The authors here will not attempt to review or expand on the interpretive techniques given in the literature cited above. This approach has been generally accepted by the industry and dealt with in an excellent manner by the authors listed. In the cited literature a reference string, either the tubing or the tubing casing annulus, was available to act as a monitor for bottom hole pressure behavior, that is the sum of the indicated surface pressure plus the pressure exerted by the hydrostatic head in the reference string is an accurate reflection of the true bottom hole fracturing pressure. The reference string, while desirable in terms of pressure measurement, presents some problems from both an operational and economic standpoint. In many cases the strength of the tubular goods is insufficient to allow the well to be fractured at meaningful rates with a reference string in the well. For higher pressured wells, treatment down tubing without a packer is many times impossible without casing rupture. In addition, unless the well can be placed in its final production configuration, the expense of tubing trips must also be borne. Where annular treatments are performed there is concern that the presence of the tubing may contribute significantly to shear degradation of the crosslinked gels and that injection rates using this configuration may be limited.10
Steden van de toekomst (2015)

Meer dan de helft van de wereldbevolking woont vandaag in de stad. Tegen 2050 zal dat aandeel stijgen tot 66 procent. Wereldwijd zijn steden nu al verantwoordelijk voor de uitstoot van bijna twee derde van alle broeikasgassen. Ze kunnen dus een groot verschil maken in de strijd tegen de klimaatverandering. Hoe kunnen steden in de toekomst de spil worden van een duurzame manier van leven? Voor welke uitdagingen staan we in België?
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Suppression by WEE1 Kinase Protects the Genome through Control of Replication Initiation and Nucleotide Consumption (2012)

Activation of oncogenes or inhibition of WEE1 kinase deregulates cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and leads to replication stress; however, the underlying mechanism is not understood. We now show that elevation of CDK activity by inhibition of WEE1 kinase rapidly increases initiation of replication. This leads to nucleotide shortage and reduces replication fork speed, which is followed by SLX4/MUS81-mediated DNA double-strand breakage. Fork speed is normalized and DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is suppressed when CDT1, a key factor for replication initiation, is depleted. Furthermore, addition of nucleosides counteracts the effects of unscheduled CDK activity on fork speed and DNA DSB formation. Finally, we show that WEE1 regulates the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S-phase checkpoint, consistent with its role in control of replication initiation. In conclusion, these results suggest that deregulated CDK activity, such as that occurring following inhibition of WEE1 kinase or activation of oncogenes, induces replication stress and loss of genomic integrity through increased firing of replication origins and subsequent nucleotide shortage.
Modulation of immortalizing properties of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 by p53 expression (1991)

The E7 protein is one of the principle transforming proteins encoded by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), a virus strongly associated with the development of cervical carcinoma. In the present study we show that cotransfection of wild-type human or murine p53 sequences with E7 and ras markedly reduces transformation in baby rat kidney cells, although no effect of p53 is seen on the ability of E7 to transform an established mouse line to anchorage independence. In contrast, expression of mutant p53 strongly potentiates the transforming function of E7 and confers marked growth factor independence to cells cotransformed by E7 and ras. These data suggest that E7 and p53 function in separate yet complementary biochemical pathways.
Can Earnings Innovations Explain The Inverse Relationship Between Unanticipated Inflation And Stock Returns? (2011)

Hooks (1991) argues that the explanatory power of unanticipated inflation in stock return models appears to result from the relationship of unanticipated inflation with the earnings capitalization rate and not the impact inflation has on the level or growth rate of earnings. Here we extend this line of investigation by examining the relationship between unanticipated inflation and the earnings innovation extracted from a univariate earnings forecast. We show that unanticipated inflation has no significant relationship with innovations in conventional earnings. However, we find that unanticipated inflation has a significant positive relationship with the magnitude of the earnings innovation during the 1955-85 period when earnings are adjusted to account for the effects of inflation on firms assets and liabilities.
Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements at Forsmark and Stidsvig, Sweden (1986)

This paper presents a new development in the use of a multi-hose for hydraulic fracturing, for estimation of in-situ stresses in the Earth's crust. The test procedure and evaluation on hydraulic fracturing in the first and second breakdown method is described. Hydraulic fracturing was performed in Precambrian gneissic rocks at depths down to 500 m in one borehole at Forsmark, Central Sweden, and down to 150 m in three boreholes at Stidsvig, Southern Sweden. Tests were conducted in both 76 and 56 mm boreholes.
A quality preserving exact histogram specification (2008)

The state-of-the-art exact histogram specification algorithm by Coltuc and others is improved. We use the image generated by this method as our initial starting point and improve its visual quality by application of several histogram-invariant transformations on the image, making it more and more similar to the source image. Experimental results verify the superb performance of the proposed method.
Dual-Emitting Quantum Dot/Quantum Rod-Based Nanothermometers with Enhanced Response and Sensitivity in Live Cells (2012)

Temperature is a key parameter in physiological processes, and probes able to detect small changes in local temperature are necessary for accurate and quantitative physical descriptions of cellular events. Several have recently emerged that offer excellent temperature sensitivity, spatial resolution, or cellular compatibility, but it has been challenging to realize all of these properties in a single construct. Here, we introduce a luminescent nanocrystal-based sensor that achieves this with a 2.4% change/°C ratiometric response over physiological temperatures in aqueous buffers, with a precision of at least 0.2 °C. Thermoresponsive dual emission is conferred by a Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) process between CdSe-CdS quantum dot-quantum rods (QD-QRs) as donors and cyanine dyes as acceptors, which are conjugated to QD-QRs using an amphiphilic polymer coating. The nanothermometers were delivered to live cells using a pH-responsive cationic polymer colloid, which served to both improve uptake and release nanocrystals from endosomal confinement. Within cells, they showed an unexpected enhancement in their temperature response and sensitivity, highlighting the need to calibrate these and similar probes within the cell.
TCP/IP performance and behavior over an ATM network (2002)

As Internetwork Protocol suites are enhanced to effectively carry voice and video as well as data, the performance of TCP/IP over broadband ATM networks becomes a critical issue. The end to end TCP layer performance across an ATM network is influenced by various factors such as the characteristics of the ATM adapters, the bandwidth available for a TCP session, the ATM switch functionality and performance under varying traffic loads and traffic statistics. To explore the influences of these factors, various tests have been performed and insight into the TCP behavior in a 'realistic' congested network environment is gained. The background traffic which limits the bandwidth available for a TCP connection plays a critical role in determining the TCP performance. The burstiness of the background traffic affects the TCP throughput little when the output buffer in the ATM switch is large (such as 8000 cell space.) The early packet discard (EPD) function in the switch can improve the throughput significantly when the congestion condition of the TCP connection is moderate. The traffic shaping function in the adapter can push the capacity utilization to about 100% regardless of the bandwidth available for the TCP connection.
Hybrid Oligomer Duplexes Formed with Phosphorothioate DNAs:  CD Spectra and Melting Temperatures of S-DNA·RNA Hybrids Are Sequence-Dependent but Consistent with Similar Heteronomous Conformations (1998)

Knowledge of the relative stabilities of S-DNA.RNA hybrids of different sequences is important for choosing RNA targets for hybridization with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (S-DNAs). It is also important to know how hybrid secondary structure varies with sequence, since different structures could influence thermal stability and the activity of RNase H. Our approach has been to study relatively simple sequences consisting of repeating di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides, which allow the maximum resolution of nearest-neighbor effects. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra and melting temperatures were acquired for 16 hybrid sequences that could be formed by mixing S-DNA and RNA oligomers of 24 nucleotides in length. CD spectra of S-DNA.RNA hybrids were sequence-dependent and were similar to those of analogous unmodified hybrids. From singular value decomposition, the major CD spectral component was like that of the A-conformation. Three nearest-neighbor relationships among the hybrid CD spectra were in as good agreement as are such relationships among spectra of duplex RNAs. Tm values ranged from 44.1 degrees C for S-d(ACT)8. r(AGU)8 to 66.6 degrees C for S-d(CCT)8.r(AGG)8 (in 0.15 M K+, phosphate buffer, pH 7). The S-DNA.RNA hybrids had a sequence-dependence of melting temperatures that was approximately the same as that calculated using published data for normal DNA.RNA hybrids [Sugimoto, N., Nakano, S., Katoh, M., Matsumura, A., Nakamuta, H., Ohmichi, T.,Yoneyama, M., & Sasaki, M. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11211-11216]. In general, sequence-dependent CD spectra and Tm values of S-DNA.RNA hybrids appear to reflect the unique nearest-neighbor interactions of adjacent base pairs, where the S-DNA and RNA strands are in different, but relatively uniform, conformations.
1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some squaramides (1968)

The paper reports the preparation of some hitherto unknown squaramides (IV)–(IX). N.m.r. spectroscopy has established that there is restricted rotation about the N–C bond in 3-dimethylamino-(IV), 3-diethylamino-(VI), and 3-dibenzylamino-4-ethoxycyclobutenedione (VIII) and free energies of activation for rotation about the N–C bond have been calculated for these compounds.
On optimal extraction of combinational logic and don't care sets from hardware description languages (2003)

The authors describe efficient polynomial algorithms for the extraction of topologically minimal multilevel Boolean equations and don't care conditions from the C-based hardware description language CHDL, which has control constructs switch, if-then-else, and go-to. They show that significant savings in CPU cost, area cost, and robustness may be obtained by applying these algorithms as a preprocessing step before using higher cost minimization tools such as BOLD or misII. The approach is based on a control-flow-graph construct with embedded set-use-graph information. The algorithms parse a CHDL description into a directed, nonseries parallel control flow graph. In cases where the graph is also acyclic, graph search and decomposition algorithms are used to derive a Boolean network representing the implied combinational logic. The derived equations are topologically irredundant in the sense that the topological identities are associated with the fork, and join nodes of the control flow graph are accounted for in the code generation. Without this feature, multilevel logic optimizers would have to flatten the control expressions down to primary inputs to discover these identities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Down-Hole Control Valves to Sustain Oil Production From the First Maximum Reservoir Contact, Multilateral and Smart Well in Ghawar Field: Case Study (2007)

This paper describes a case-study detailing planning,<br>completion, testing, and production of the first Maximum<br>Reservoir Contact (MRC), Multilateral (ML) and Smart<br>Completion (SC) deployment in Ghawar Field.
Monostatic diffraction-limited lidars: the impact of optical refractive turbulence (1983)

A diffraction-limited lidar provides for effective rejection of background light. Characteristics of a monostatic system are computed. The range sensitivity is generally different from a square-law dependence. The effect of optical refractive turbulence is analyzed. There is a trade-off between background rejection and insensitivity to refractive turbulence. A monostatic system is much less sensitive to refractive turbulence than a bistatic system is.
Role of singlet oxygen in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signaling in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2007)

High light illumination of photosynthetic organisms stimulates the production of singlet oxygen by photosystem II and causes photooxidative stress. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, singlet oxygen also induces the expression of the nuclear-encoded glutathione peroxidase homologous gene GPXH. We provide evidence that singlet oxygen stimulates GPXH expression by activating a signaling mechanism outside the thylakoid membrane. Singlet oxygen from photosystem II could be detected with specific probes in the aqueous phase of isolated thylakoid suspensions and the cytoplasm of high light stressed cells. This indicates that singlet oxygen can stimulate a response farther from its production site than generally believed.
A hypothetical means of treating or preventing cancer (2014)

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells rely on threonine as a metabolic fuel. ES cells express the gene encoding threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) at a 1,000-fold higher level than any other mouse cell or tissue type. The mitochondrial TDH enzyme catalyzes the conversion of threonine into acetyl-CoA and glycine. The former metabolite feeds the TCA cycle, and the latter is consumed by the glycine cleavage enzyme complex to fuel one carbon metabolism. If compromised by nutritional, genetic or pharmacological means, inhibition of TDH kills mouse ES cells. By contrast, knockout mice lacking any TDH activity are viable, fertile and exhibit no phenotypic deficits.
Golden implementation driven software debugging (2010)

The presence of a functionally correct golden implementation has a significant advantage in the software development life cycle. Such a golden implementation is exploited for software development in several domains, including embedded software --- a low resource-consuming version of the golden implementation. The golden implementation gives the functionality that the program is supposed to implement, and is used as a guide during the software development process. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the golden implementation as a reference model in software debugging. We perform a substantial case study involving the Busybox embedded Linux utilities while treating the GNU Core Utilities as the golden or reference implementation. Our debugging method consists of dynamic slicing with respect to the observable error in both the implementations (the golden implementation as well as the buggy software). During dynamic slicing we also perform a step-by-step weakest precondition computation of the observable error with respect to the statements in the dynamic slice. The formulae computed as weakest pre-condition in the two implementations are then compared to accurately locate the root cause of a given observable error. Experimental results obtained from Busybox suggest that our method performs well in practice and is able to pinpoint all the bugs recently published in [8] that could be reproduced on Busybox version 1.4.2. The bug report produced by our approach is concise and pinpoints the program locations inside the Busybox source that contribute to the difference in behavior.
ATP-dependent degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in permeabilized cells. (1987)

A system for the assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A (CoA) reductase in digitonin-permeabilized Chinese hamster ovary cells is described. Under these conditions, HMG-CoA reductase remained intact and associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and values for Km (HMG-CoA), Ki (mevinolin), and active/total activity were similar to those seen in sonicated cell preparations. However, the mechanism by which this rapidly turned over (half-life approximately 2 h) enzyme is degraded was disrupted. Addition of ATP at physiological concentrations to digitonin-permeabilized cells resulted in the rapid, irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Immunoblot analysis showed that this loss of activity was followed by cleavage of the intact 97-kilodalton enzyme to a 68-kilodalton fragment which was distinct from the catalytically active fragments generated by nonspecific proteolysis in sonicated cell homogenates. Assay of a lysosomal marker enzyme confirmed that ATP-mediated inactivation and cleavage of reductase was not due to release of lysosomal proteases. The possible role of ATP in phosphorylation, inactivation, and degradation of reductase is discussed.
The emerging Web 2.0 social software: an enabling suite of sociable technologies in health and health care education<sup>1</sup> (2007)

Web 2.0 sociable technologies and social software are presented as enablers in health and health care, for organizations, clinicians, patients and laypersons. They include social networking services, collaborative filtering, social bookmarking, folksonomies, social search engines, file sharing and tagging, mashups, instant messaging, and online multi-player games. The more popular Web 2.0 applications in education, namely wikis, blogs and podcasts, are but the tip of the social software iceberg. Web 2.0 technologies represent a quite revolutionary way of managing and repurposing/remixing online information and knowledge repositories, including clinical and research information, in comparison with the traditional Web 1.0 model. The paper also offers a glimpse of future software, touching on Web 3.0 (the Semantic Web) and how it could be combined with Web 2.0 to produce the ultimate architecture of participation. Although the tools presented in this review look very promising and potentially fit for purpose in many health care applications and scenarios, careful thinking, testing and evaluation research are still needed in order to establish 'best practice models' for leveraging these emerging technologies to boost our teaching and learning productivity, foster stronger 'communities of practice', and support continuing medical education/professional development (CME/CPD) and patient education.