gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Treatment in Acne: Current Status and Future Aspects (2003)

During the last 20 years, the number of topical and systemic drugs for the treatment of acne vulgaris has been enriched. Topical drugs on the one hand have been newly discovered or further developments of already available agents such as in the group of retinoids or galenic formulation have improved efficacy or local tolerance. Topical retinoids are a mainstay in acne treatment since 1962. All-trans retinoic acid was the first and is still in use. Its irritative potential has led to the new galenics, i.e. incorporation in microsponges and in propolyomers, which increased the tolerability significantly. The isomer of tretinoin, isotretinoin, has the same clinical efficacy, but also a lower irritancy. A real breakthrough was adapalene, a retinoid-like agent, with a different retinoid receptor-binding profile, but in addition to the same clinical efficacy on inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions compared to tretinoin, a better tolerability and, therefore, compliance. Unfortunately, over the past years topical retinoids have been less used in inflammatory acne than they should be, taking the the mechanisms of action into account. Topical antimicrobials, in particular topical antibiotics, should be used less often than in the past and only for short periods to avoid the development of resistances. It seems better to combine those agents with topical retinoids, with BPO or with azelaic acid to enhance the efficacy and slow down the development of resistance. BPO is still the gold standard for papular-pustular acne of mild-to-moderate type in concentrations of 2-5%. Azelaic acid is an alternative with efficacy on the comedo and is antibacterial without development of resistances. Finally, the physical removal by electrocautery or CO(2) laser of multiple densely packed closed comedones, macrocomedones and microcysts is necessary to enhance the efficacy of topical comedolytic agents and to speed up the therapeutic results. Photodynamic therapy has not yet been proven efficacious in controlled studies. Blue and red light can probably be used in association with local agents but enhancement of the irritative potential of topical and systemic agents has to be considered.
Knowledge acquisition (1992)

The application of expert systems has increased drastically in the last decade. The power of these systems derives from the knowledge they possess, rather than from the inference mechanism that they employ. To ensure the performance of an expert system, the acquisition of knowledge becomes a vital task in the development process. This article discusses issues related to people involved in the knowledge acquisition task, reviews techniques to acquire knowledge, and presents a methodology that offers a structured approach to knowledge acquisition. Trends in knowledge acquisition are discussed.
Bend-Insensitive SM Fiber and Its Applications to Access Network Systems (2005)

This paper reports on the bending loss insensitive single mode fiber suitable for access networks, which is applicable for wide wavelength use. Excellent attenuation stability of the fiber in the full spectrum range has been confirmed even in severe conditions such as fiber handling in mid-span access at aerial closure, cable installation/handling in indoor wirings and so on. Also, applications suitable for FTTH subscribers' use have been introduced.
The incidence of chromosome 9p21 abnormalities and deletions of tumor suppressor genes p15(INK4b)/p16(INK4a)/p14(ARF) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1999)

Cytogenetic changes are of pivotal prognostic significance in patients with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, in some cases leukemic blasts can harbor gene lesions on a submicroscopic level without evidence of a corresponding abnormality by conventional cytogenetic studies. This can result in failure to recognize chromosomal abnormalities and inappropriate evaluation with respect to therapy assignments. To study the discrepancy in the detection of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 and deletions of tumor suppressor genes p15/p16/p14 on chromosome 9p21, we analyzed bone marrow samples from 92 patients with ALL both by cytogenetic analysis and by Southern blot. In 41 patients (45%), we found deletions of p15/p16/p14, which were homozygous in 27 and hemizygous in 14. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 9 in the form of 9p- or del(9p21-22) in only 5 of the 41 patients (12%). Only 2 of 51 patients without gene deletions as detected by Southern blot revealed a 9p- abnormality, which was found only in a subpopulation of the cells. We demonstrate that deletions of the p15/p16/p14 genes on chromosome 9p21 are more frequent than indicated by cytogenetic analysis. Molecular techniques in addition to cytogenetic studies are necessary to detect otherwise-unrecognized genetic lesions of the short arm of chromosome 9.
Untranslated Regions from C4 Amaranth <i>AhRbc</i>S1 mRNAs Confer Translational Enhancement and Preferential Bundle Sheath Cell Expression in Transgenic C4<i>Flaveria bidentis</i> (2004)

Many aspects of photosynthetic gene expression are posttranscriptionally regulated in C4 plants. To determine if RbcS mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs) in themselves could confer any characteristic C4 expression patterns, 5'- and 3'-UTRs of AhRbcS1 mRNA from the C4 dicot amaranth were linked to a gusA reporter gene. These were constitutively transcribed from a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and assayed for posttranscriptional expression patterns in transgenic lines of the C4 dicot Flaveria bidentis. Three characteristic C4 expression patterns were conferred by heterologous AhRbcS1 UTRs in transgenic F. bidentis. First, the AhRbcS1 UTRs conferred strong translational enhancement of gusA expression, relative to control constructs lacking these UTRs. Second, while the UTRs did not appear to confer tissue-specific expression when analyzed by beta-glucuronidase activity assays, differences in gusA mRNA accumulation were observed in leaves, stems, and roots. Third, the AhRbcS1 UTRs conferred preferential gusA expression (enzyme activity and gusA mRNA accumulation) in leaf bundle sheath cells. AhRbcS1 UTR-mediated translational enhancement was also observed in transgenic C3 plants (tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum]) and in in vitro translation extracts. These mRNAs appear to be translated with different efficiencies in C4 versus C3 plants, indicating that processes determining overall translational efficiency may vary between these two categories of higher plants. Our findings suggest that the AhRbcS1 5'-UTR functions as a strong translational enhancer in leaves and other tissues, and may work synergistically with the 3'-UTR to modulate overall levels of Rubisco gene expression in different tissues and cell types of C4 plants.
Fuzzy quaternion approach to object recognition incorporating Zernike moment invariants (2002)

A novel approach to 3-D object recognition based on fuzzy subset theory is described. This method uses Zernike moment invariants of the silhouette of the unknown object to form a set of fuzzy-weighted quantities called fuzzy quaternions. These are matched against those of known objects at predetermined viewpoints. The determination of the Zernike moment invariants can be faster if the equivalent contour integrals are calculated instead. By employing a novel rho -correction scheme, errors due to the digitization are reduced. To speed up the recognition process, a modified Nelder-Mead simplex method is used. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the fuzzy quaternion as a viable basis for discrimination. It is concluded that the primary merits of this approach are the ease of model formation, the simplicity of the recognition scheme, and the speed of object recognition. Its disadvantages include the inability to recognize occluded objects and a poor object recognition rate for high perspective distortion of objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Whole column detection chromatography: computer simulations (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWhole column detection chromatography: computer simulationsDavid G. Gelderloos, Kathy L. Rowlen, John W. Birks, James P. Avery, and Christie G. EnkeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 4, 900–903Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00295a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00295a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
lun yi shu (2011)

艺术是人类认识和享受世界最重要的方式,通过充满情感的创造性的形象思维来实现。艺术又是一种表达,通过这种表达,艺术家的想象和情感转化为艺术表现形式。艺术还能给人以审美享受的具体视觉或听觉形象,但这形象必定具有突出、鲜明、生
Generalized predictive control and delay compensation for high — Speed EMU network control system (2017)

Train communication network has become the application mainstream of EMU and urban rail traffic operation. However, practical problems such as transmission delay and packet loss of communication network can cause a significant threat to the train stability and operation safety. In this paper, the delay of the train communication network was studied and controlled, and the experimental platform was built to test and analyze the forward delay transmission characteristics of the train network. The self-adaptive prediction was achieved by using the autoregressive model. At the same time, the generalized predictive control method was designed to realize the control and delay compensation of the system. On the experimental platform, joint simulation method was used with the configuration software. The results showed that the proposed method is superior to the PID control, which can meet the real time control requirements of the high speed EMU operation process.
Identification of Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling Components of the Mammary Adipose Tissue and Its Interstitial Fluid in High Risk Breast Cancer Patients (2005)

It has become clear that growth and progression of breast tumor cells not only depend on their malignant potential but also on factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Of the cell types that constitute the mammary stroma, the adipocytes are perhaps the least well studied despite the fact that they represent one of the most prominent cell types surrounding the breast tumor cells. There is compelling evidence demonstrating a role for the mammary fat pad in mammary gland development, and some studies have revealed the ability of fat tissue to augment the growth and ability to metastasize of mammary carcinoma cells. Very little is known, however, about which factors adipocytes produce that may orchestrate these actions and how this may come about. In an effort to shed some light on these questions, we present here a detailed proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional gel-based technology, mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and antibody arrays, of adipose cells and interstitial fluid of fresh fat tissue samples collected from sites topologically distant from the tumors of high risk breast cancer patients that underwent mastectomy and that were not treated prior to surgery. A total of 359 unique proteins were identified, including numerous signaling molecules, hormones, cytokines, and growth factors, involved in a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction and cell communication; energy metabolism; protein metabolism; cell growth and/or maintenance; immune response; transport; regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleic acid metabolism; and apoptosis. Apart from providing a comprehensive overview of the mammary fat proteome and its interstitial fluid, the results offer some insight as to the role of adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment and provide a first glance of their molecular cellular circuitry. In addition, the results open new possibilities to the study of obesity, which has a strong association with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.
Early Cognitive Predictors of Vascular Dementia: A Population-based Longitudinal Study in Chinese Elderly (2009)

Autophagy is a highly regulated, catabolic process, through which macromolecules such as damaged organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis.Various studies have shown the role of autophagy activation in the brain cells such as astrocytes, microglia, neurons and capillary endothelial cells upon an ischaemic insult.The underlying mechanism and the role of autophagy in ischaemic stroke, however, are yet to be fully elucidated.Recent studies have suggested that insufficient or excessive autophagy results in nerve damage and cell death whereas mild/moderate autophagy has a neuroprotective effect.It has been proposed that autophagy may be a therapeutic target in stroke treatment; however, there is a lot of debate as to whether induction or diminution of autophagy plays a role in neuronal survival after cerebral ischaemia and indicate that it has a dual role depending on the time of induction of autophagy.This review has summarized the role of autophagy in ischaemic stroke and explored effects of pharmacological autophagy modulators in ischaemic stroke treatment.Further studies are needed for translating the potential therapeutic approach in stroke treatment aiming at characterizing the timing, amount and specificity of the autophagy modulation.
Properties of fiber-reinforced niobium-tin superconductor fabricated by bronze process (1999)

We are developing a fiber reinforced type of superconductor for large scale, high-field magnets. Formerly we used the sputtering process to develop a niobium-tin conductor reinforced with a tungsten fiber and showed that this type of conductor has excellent stress tolerance. For practical applications however, a conventional fabrication process like bronze process is desirable. Hence we have tried to fabricate a fiber-reinforced type niobium-tin conductor utilizing tantalum fiber as the reinforcing member, In this conductor, each niobium-tin filament has a tantalum core of about 20-/spl mu/m diameter, We adopted tantalum as the core material since it has both good ductility and mechanical strength comparable to stainless steel, This conductor showed a reasonable critical field of about 22 T and good mechanical strength compared to a niobium-tin conductor fabricated by the conventional bronze process.
Working Efficiently with Large SAS® Datasets (2010)

Many SAS users experience challenges when working with large SAS datasets having millions of rows, hundreds of columns and size close to a gigabyte or even more. Often it takes enormous time to process these datasets which can have an impact on delivery timelines. Also, storing such datasets may cause shortage of permanent storage space or can exhaust the available memory. In order to handle these constraints, one can think of making a large dataset smaller by reducing the number of observations and/or variables or by reducing the size of the variables without losing any of its information. This paper will focus on techniques supported by test results to reduce the size of huge datasets and work with them efficiently by striking a balance between the processing time and resource limitations. Some of the efficiency techniques described in this paper can also be applied while working with smaller datasets.
A fast and robust PLL of MCFC PCS under unbalanced grid voltages (2008)

In grid-interconnection system, a fast, robust and precise phase angle detector is most important to the active power control and grid synchronization. The phase angle can be easily estimated by synchronous dq PLL system. On the other hand under unbalanced voltage condition, synchronous dq PLL system has problem that harmonics occur to phase angle or magnitude of grid voltage because of the effect of the negative sequence components. So, To eliminate the negative sequence components, The PLL method using APF (All Pass Filter) in a stationery reference frame to extract positive sequence components under unbalanced voltage condition is researched. In this paper, we propose a new PLL method with decoupling network using APF in a synchronous reference frame to extract the positive sequence components of the grid voltage under unbalanced grid. The cut-off frequency of APF in a synchronous reference frame can be set to twice of the fundamental frequency comparing with that of APF in a stationery reference frame which is the fundamental frequency. The proposed PLL strategy can detect positive sequence voltage quickly and accurately. Simulation and Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed strategy under different kind of voltage dips.
Challenges and advances in the heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes: a review (2014)

Second generation biofuel development is increasingly reliant on the recombinant expression of cellulases. Designing or identifying successful expression systems is thus of preeminent importance to industrial progress in the field. Recombinant production of cellulases has been performed using a wide range of expression systems in bacteria, yeasts and plants. In a number of these systems, particularly when using bacteria and plants, significant challenges have been experienced in expressing full-length proteins or proteins at high yield. Further difficulties have been encountered in designing recombinant systems for surface-display of cellulases and for use in consolidated bioprocessing in bacteria and yeast. For establishing cellulase expression in plants, various strategies are utilized to overcome problems, such as the auto-hydrolysis of developing plant cell walls. In this review, we investigate the major challenges, as well as the major advances made to date in the recombinant expression of cellulases across the commonly used bacterial, plant and yeast systems. We review some of the critical aspects to be considered for industrial-scale cellulase production.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2,3‐<scp>D</scp>ihydrobenzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]dioxin‐ and Indolealkylamine Derivatives as Potential Antidepressants (2013)

A series of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin- and indolealkylamine derivatives were synthesized and the target compounds were evaluated for their binding affinities at the 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter. Antidepressant-like activities of the compounds were screened using the tail suspension and forced swim tests in mice. Preliminary results indicated that the target compounds exhibited high binding affinities at the 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter, and produced marked antidepressant-like effects. The best example from this study, compound 5, exhibited high binding affinities for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 96 nM) and serotonin transporter (Ki = 9.8 nM). The intrinsic activity of compound 5 showed agonistic property to the 5-HT1A receptor and inhibition of the 5-HT transporter. Furthermore, compound 5 exhibited greater antidepressant efficacy than fluoxetine and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
UDP-Glucose: (1,3)-β-Glucan Synthase from <i>Daucus carota</i> L. (1989)

The membrane-bound UDP-glucose-beta-(1,3)-glucan synthase from Daucus carota L. was characterized and a solubilization procedure was developed. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity in the presence of 0.75 millimolar Ca(2+), 0.5 millimolar EGTA, and 5 millimolar cellobiose at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C at 1 millimolar UDPG. Reaction products were confirmed to be (1,3)-linked glucan. Polypeptides of 150, 57, and 43 kilodaltons were labeled with the photoactivatible affinity label 5-azido-uridine 5'-beta-[(32)P] diphosphateglucose. Labeling of the 150 and 57 kilodalton polypeptides was completely protected against by 1 millimolar non-radioactive UDPG suggesting that one or both of these polypeptides may represent the UDPG binding subunit of glucan synthase. Carrot glucan synthase was solubilized with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) in the absence of divalent cations and chelators; however, the percentage of enzyme which could be solubilized showed variability with membrane source. With microsomal membranes, up to 80% of the enzyme was released with 0.7% CHAPS. Solubilized enzyme was stable for at least 9 hours at 4 degrees C. When more highly purified membrane fractions were isolated from sucrose step gradients a slightly different picture emerged. Activity from the 20/30% interface (Golgi and tonoplast enriched) was readily solubilized and expressed. Activity from the 30/40% interface (plasma membrane enriched) was also solubilized; however, it was necessary to add heat inactivated microsomes to assay mixtures for full activity to be expressed. A requirement for endogenous activators is suggested.
Neuron-silicon junction: electrical recordings from neural cells cultured on modified microelectronic device surfaces (2002)

A field-effect transistor (FET) array has been fabricated and used for recording of electrical signals from neural cells. The array consists of p-channel FETs with non-metallized gates. The size of the gates of the 16 FETs are from 28/spl times/12 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ down to 10/spl times/4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and are arranged in a 4/spl times/4 matrix on 200 /spl mu/m centers. Electrical signals of neural cells can be recorded by direct coupling with the FET. In order to control the neuronal survival and growth, the microelectronic device surface is modified with a synthetic peptide linked to the surface via self-assembly techniques. It can be shown that the composition of the surface can be tuned in such a way that hippocampal neurons show good adhesion and growth for days. More importantly, these cells develop typical electrical characteristics when cultured on this artificial surface. Using this approach passive neuron FET couplings were recorded.
Artificial breeding of dairy cattle in Iowa (1949)

Of all the scientific terms now associated with general farming practices probably no other one has been more misunderstood than artificial insemination. By definition the term denotes “The deposition of spermatozoa into the female reproductive system by other than natural service.” Thus the word artificial is being used to signify a method “relative” or “in comparison” to natural service and in no wise is it to be understood as a “synthetic” or “unreal” procedure. The use of the word “artificial” to many people automatically suggests an inferior substitute and consequently when used in connection with breeding immediately places a barrier to its acceptance.\nThe term artificial breeding has often been used synonymously with artificial insemination. However, the former term appears more applicable to the whole program which would include all the procedures necessary to procure and prepare the semen for the actual insemination.