gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for the different sucrose-dependent adherence properties of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis (1977)

The enzymatic and adherence properties of Streptococcus mutans GS5 and S. sanguis ST3, both isolated from human carious lesions, have been compared. During growth in sucrose media, S. mutans GS5 adheres to smooth surfaces approximately three times more effectively than dose S. sanguis ST3. However, strain ST3 does not display sucrose-dependent adherence under nongrowth conditions, whereas strain GS5 displays significant adherence. Although both organisms synthesize both water-soluble and -insoluble glucans, the glucosyltransferases from S. mutans GS5 synthesize much more adherent glucan molecules than do the comparable enzymes from S. sanguis ST3. Both cell types bind exogenous glucosyltransferases synthesized by strain ST3 equally well, whereas cells of strain GS5 bind the comparable enzyme fraction that it synthesizes to a greater degree than do cell of S. sanguis ST3. However, in contrast to the results with cells of S. mutans GS5, the absorption of the glucosyltransferase activity synthesized by S. mutans GS5 to the surface of S. sanguis ST3 results in low levels of subsequent sucrose-dependent adherence. These results are discussed in terms of the molecular basis for the sucrose-dependent adherence of the oral streptococci to smooth surfaces.
TCP Vegas revisited (2002)

The innovative techniques of TCP Vegas have been the subject of much debate in recent years. Several studies have reported that TCP Vegas provides better performance than TCP Reno. However, the question of which of the new techniques are responsible for the impressive performance gains remains unanswered so far. This paper presents a detailed performance evaluation of TCP Vegas. By decomposing TCP Vegas into the various novel mechanisms proposed and assessing the effect of each of these mechanisms on performance, we show that the reported performance gains are achieved primarily by TCP Vegas's new techniques for slow start and congestion recovery. TCP Vegas's innovative congestion avoidance mechanism is shown to have only a minor influence on throughput. Furthermore, we find that the congestion avoidance mechanism exhibits fairness problems even if all competing connections operate with the same round trip time.
Pronuclear morphology scoring and chromosomal status of embryos in severe male infertility (2002)

Group II pre-embryos had markedly different morphology from group I, and had a low rate of blastocyst formation and high risk of chromosomally abnormal embryos. When testicular sperm and round spermatids were used for ICSI, more group II pre-embryos and chromosomally abnormal embryos were produced than with ejaculated sperm. Pronuclear morphology was correlated with chromosomal complement, and impacted upon by the sperm source.
RESTOP: Retaining External Peripheral State in Intermittently-Powered Sensor Systems (2018)

Energy harvesting sensor systems typically incorporate energy buffers (e.g., rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors) to accommodate fluctuations in supply. However, the presence of these elements limits the miniaturization of devices. In recent years, researchers have proposed a new paradigm, transient computing, where systems operate directly from the energy harvesting source and allow computation to span across power cycles, without adding energy buffers. Various transient computing approaches have addressed the challenge of power intermittency by retaining the processor's state using non-volatile memory. However, no generic approach has yet been proposed to retain the state of peripherals external to the processing element. This paper proposes RESTOP, flexible middleware which retains the state of multiple external peripherals that are connected to a computing element (i.e., a microcontroller) through protocols such as SPI or I 2 C. RESTOP acts as an interface between the main application and the peripheral, which keeps a record, at run-time, of the transmitted data in order to restore peripheral configuration after a power interruption. RESTOP is practically implemented and validated using three digitally interfaced peripherals, successfully restoring their configuration after power interruptions, imposing a maximum time overhead of 15% when configuring a peripheral. However, this represents an overhead of only 0.82% during complete execution of our typical sensing application, which is substantially lower than existing approaches.
Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with erythema migrans, an early manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. (2002)

In patients with Erythema migrans, the decreased capability to reduce lipid superoxidants leads to maintaining a high concentration of membrane lipid peroxidation products.
The importance of mass spectrometric dereplication in fungal secondary metabolite analysis (2015)

Having entered the Genomic Era, it is now evident that the biosynthetic potential of filamentous fungi is much larger than was thought even a decade ago. Fungi harbor many cryptic gene clusters encoding for the biosynthesis of polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, and terpenoids - which can all undergo extensive modifications by tailoring enzymes - thus potentially providing a large array of products from a single pathway. Elucidating the full chemical profile of a fungal species is a challenging exercise, even with elemental composition provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) used in combination with chemical databases (e.g., AntiBase) to dereplicate known compounds. This has led to a continuous effort to improve chromatographic separation in conjunction with improvement in HRMS detection. Major improvements have also occurred with 2D chromatography, ion-mobility, MS/MS and MS(3), stable isotope labeling feeding experiments, classic UV/Vis, and especially automated data-mining and metabolomics software approaches as the sheer amount of data generated is now the major challenge. This review will focus on the development and implementation of dereplication strategies and will highlight the importance of each stage of the process from sample preparation to chromatographic separation and finally toward both manual and more targeted methods for automated dereplication of fungal natural products using state-of-the art MS instrumentation.
On the analysis of randomized load balancing schemes (1997)

It is well known that simple randomized load balancing schemes can balance load effectively while incurring only a small overhead, making such schemes appealing for practical systems.
Stochastic Simulation Algorithms for Dynamic Probabilistic Networks (2013)

Stochastic simulation algorithms such as likelihood weighting often give fast, accurate approximations to posterior probabilities in probabilistic networks, and are the methods of choice for very large networks. Unfortunately, the special characteristics of dynamic probabilistic networks (DPNs), which are used to represent stochastic temporal processes, mean that standard simulation algorithms perform very poorly. In essence, the simulation trials diverge further and further from reality as the process is observed over time. In this paper, we present simulation algorithms that use the evidence observed at each time step to push the set of trials back towards reality. The first algorithm, "evidence reversal" (ER) restructures each time slice of the DPN so that the evidence nodes for the slice become ancestors of the state variables. The second algorithm, called "survival of the fittest" sampling (SOF), "repopulates" the set of trials at each time step using a stochastic reproduction rate weighted by the likelihood of the evidence according to each trial. We compare the performance of each algorithm with likelihood weighting on the original network, and also investigate the benefits of combining the ER and SOF methods. The ER/SOF combination appears to maintain bounded error independent of the number of time steps in the simulation.
The glucose-6-phosphatase system in human development. (1995)

The classical role of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and kidney is the production of glucose for release into blood. In liver, glucose-6-phosphatase catalyses the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Abnormally low hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity is found in human genetic deficiencies i.e. glycogen storage disease type I and in cases of developmental delay, found predominantly in preterm infants. In contrast, abnormally high liver glucose-6-phosphatase occurs in poorly controlled or untreated diabetes mellitus. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (and nuclear membrane) protein and it is part of a multicomponent system. Its active site is situated inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and transport proteins are needed to allow its substrates glucose-6-phosphate (and pyrophosphate) and its products phosphate and glucose to cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In addition, a calcium binding protein is also associated with the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Immunohistochemical studies, in combination with image analysis, have shown that glucose-6-phosphatase is present in liver and kidney and also in specific cell types in a variety of human tissues, for example Leydig cells in the testis and some astrocytes in the brain. Where practicable, enzymatic analysis, direct transport assays and/or immunological detection of the endoplasmic reticulum glucose and phosphate transport proteins have been used to demonstrate the presence and activity of the whole glucose-6-phosphatase system. The distribution of the human glucose-6-phosphatase system changes dramatically during development with a different spatial and temporal pattern in each tissue. The most unexpected localization was in circulating, predominantly nucleated, embryonic and early fetal red blood cells.
Tuning Your MapReduce Jobs (2009)

Once you have developed your MapReduce job, you need to be able to run it at scale on your cluster. A number of factors influence how your job scales. This chapter will cover how to recognize that your job is having a problem and how to tune the scaling parameters so that your job performs optimally.
Physical and genetic analysis of the ColD plasmid (1986)

The plasmid ColD-CA23, a high-copy-number plasmid of 5.12 kilobases, encodes colicin D, a protein of approximately 87,000 daltons which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Colicin D production is under the control of the Escherichia coli SOS regulatory system and is released to the growth medium via the action of the lysis gene product(s). A detailed map of the ColD plasmid was established for 10 restriction enzymes. Using in vitro insertional omega mutagenesis and in vivo insertional Tn5 mutagenesis, we localized the regions of the plasmid responsible for colicin D activity (cda), for mitomycin C-induced lysis (cdl), and for colicin D immunity (cdi). These genes were all located contiguously on a 2,400-base-pair fragment similar to a large number of other Col plasmids (A, E1, E2, E3, E8, N, and CloDF). The ColD plasmid was mobilizable by conjugative transfer by helper plasmids of the IncFII incompatibility group, but not by plasmids belonging to the groups IncI-alpha or IncP. The location of the mobilization functions was determined by deletion analysis. The plasmid needs a segment of 400 base pairs, which is located between the mob genes and the gene for autolysis, for its replication.
The Influence of SiC on the Ablation Response of Advanced Refractory Composite Materials (1994)

In continuing our studies of advanced refractory composite materials we have recently completed an arc-jet test series of a diverse group of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. The compositions range from continuous fiber reinforced ceramics to monoliths. Many of these materials contain SiC and one objective of this test series was to identify the influence of SiC oxidation mechanisms on material performance. Hence the arc heater was operated at two conditions; one in which the passive oxidation of SiC would be dominant and the other where the active oxidation of SiC would be dominant. It is shown here that the active oxidation mechanism of SiC does not dominate material performance when it is present at levels equal to or below 20 volume percent.
Triorganosilyl Derivatives of Chelated Titanates<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriorganosilyl Derivatives of Chelated Titanates1L. W. BREED and W. J. HAGGERTY Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 1, 257–261Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01048a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01048a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of nonuniform bowing in GaN/sapphire epi-wafers and subsequent stress analysis by using a theoretical model (2011)

We present our approach to measure the profile of nonuniformly bent GaN epi-wafers grown on sapphire substrates. By using a laser displacement sensor, the position of the epi-wafer is accurately measured and mapped. From the measured profile data, analysis of stress distributions over the nonuniformly bent wafer is performed by using a theoretical model. We show the result of theoretical analysis of how the stress tensors distribute over a wafer. The estimated stress tensors are related with optical properties such as photoluminescence of the wafer.
Susceptibility of <i>Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> to 10 Kampo Formulations (1997)

We examined the in vitro sensitivities of three bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly detected in acne lesions, and Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of skin infections, to 10 Kampo formulations (Chinese herbal medicines; combinations of powdered extracts of crude drugs). Both Staphylococcus species showed similar sensitivities to all 10 formulations, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 25 to 400 mg/ml. P. acnes, however, was particularly sensitive to one formulation, keigai-rengyo-to (MIC, 0.78-25 mg/ml), prompting speculation that it might contain components with strong antibacterial activity to P. acnes. P. acnes showed similar sensitivities to all the other formulations (MIC 6.25-200 mg/ml). The ranges of MICs and the MIC50S (concentrations that inhibit 50% of isolates) were very similar to those previously recorded in 1990 for the two Staphylococcus species.
Synergic interactions between 2-deoxy-D-glucose and Candida saitoana enhances citrus green mould control. (2010)

The activity of 2-deoxy-D-gLucose (2-DG) alone or in combination with a biocontrol yeast (Candida saitoana, strain 8C) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against citrus green mould (Penicillium digitatum Sacc.). The in vitro assays were performed on amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 15.0, 30.0 or 60.0 mM of 2-DG. P. digitatum conidia were sown on the amended media and growth inhibition occurred starting from 6.0 mM. A nearly total inhibition of the growth and spore germination occurred with 60.0 mM of 2-DG. The antagonist was not affected by any of the 2-DG concentrations employed and the amended plates resulted well colonized within 2 d post-treatment. In vivo assays were carried out with 'Hamlin' oranges, inoculated with P. digitatum 24 h before treating with: the antagonist; the above reported concentrations of 2-DG, or by combining the two treatments. Seven days post-treatment the inhibition activity exerted by 3.0, 6.0, 15.0, 30.0 and 60.0 mM of 2-DG combined with the yeast was 15, 37, 42, 63 and 84%, respectively. While that exerted by the antagonist was 22% and that by the different concentrations of 2-DG were 7, 11, 27, 42 and 57%, respectively. Compared to single treatments, the co-application significantly and in a synergic mode improved the control of decay. Alterations to the hyphae were observed by SEM when the pathogen was cultured on amended media and into the wounds of inoculated oranges.
Effect on Quality of Life of a Lentinus edodes mycelia-enriched diet (LEM ® ) in patients with terminal cancer (2013)

Purpose: It is important to offer the highest possible quality of life (QOL) for terminal cancer patients in palliative medicine. It was examined whether Lentinus edodes mycelia (L•E•M) -containing diet (CORELEM) was effective in improving the QOL for terminal cancer patients. Methods: Efficiency for QOL of L•E•M was examined by repeated oral administration in a dosage equivalent to 1,000-1,500 mg L•E•M/day to 105 terminal cancer patients for 4 weeks with placebo as a control using the double-blind parallel-group comparison test. Results: The CORELEM group showed a significant improvement in clinical conditions of pain, depression, insomnia, and mouth dryness compared to the placebo group. Moreover, both groups showed no serious adverse events during diet ingestion. Conclusion: It was suggested that CORELEM is effective in improving QOL and safely ingestible for terminal cancer patients.
GaN on Si Substrate with AlGaN/AlN Intermediate Layer (1999)

A single crystal GaN thin film was successfully grown on a Si (111) substrate by means of atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Though there is a large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and Si, an intermediate layer consisting of AlN and AlGaN improved the quality of GaN on Si and reduced meltback etching during growth. Pits and cracks were not observed on the substrate and a mirror-like surface was obtained. The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the double-crystal X-ray rocking curve for GaN(0004) was 600 arcsec. Photoluminescence measurement at room temperature for a Si-doped film revealed a sharp band-edge emission with a FWHM of 62.5 meV, which is the narrowest value reported to date.
Calibration and performance testing for reconfigurable computed tomography systems (2007)

Industrial CT systems used for NDT of manufactured objects are typically modular to allow for imaging of a wide variety of object shapes and sizes. This variability in the system geometry requires calibration each time the system is reconfigured, particularly if metrology is to be performed. In addition to calibration, performance measurement methods are needed to provide the user with a performance expectation for each new system configuration. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BWXT Y-12, and the University of Tennessee have developed calibration and performance measurement tools for use in reconfigurable computed tomography systems. The calibration tool requires the operator to make a couple of rough measurements and perform a scan of a pin or set of pins to produce precision system geometry values. The performance measurement tool is based on a previous ASTM standard for performance, but has been modified to use a spherical object scan that allows monitoring of resolution in three dimensions.
Fast dual selection using genetic algorithms for large data sets (2012)

This paper is devoted to feature and instance selection managed by genetic algorithms (GA) in the context of supervised classification. We propose a GA encoded for selecting features in which each evaluated chromosome delivers a set of instances. The main aim is to optimize the processing time, which is particularly problematic when handling large databases. A key feature of our approach is the variable fitness evaluation based on scalability methodologies. Experimental results indicate that the preliminary version of the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computation time and is therefore applicable to high-dimensional data sets.
Guaranteeing good memory bounds for parallel programs (1996)

The amount of memory required by a parallel program may be spectacularly larger than the memory required by an equivalent sequential program, particularly for programs that use recursion extensively. Since most parallel programs are nondeterministic in behavior, even when computing a deterministic result, parallel memory requirements may vary from run to run, even with the same data. Hence, parallel memory requirements may be both large (relative to memory requirements of an equivalent sequential program) and unpredictable. Assume that each parallel program has an underlying sequential execution order that may be used as a basis for predicting parallel memory requirements. We propose a simple restriction that is sufficient to ensure that any program that will run in n units of memory sequentially can run in mn units of memory on m processors, using a scheduling algorithm that is always within a factor of two of being optimal with respect to time. Any program can be transformed into one that satisfies the restriction, but some potential parallelism may be lost in the transformation. Alternatively, it is possible to define a parallel programming language in which only programs satisfying the restriction can be written.
SIMA (1988)

We present a method of multislice magnetic resonance imaging that utilizes simultaneous binary-encoded excitation. Signals are acquired from all slices at once, and the images are separated in the reconstruction process. This simultaneous multislice acquisition method has been implemented for multislice spin-echo imaging, and the results are compared with those for a standard interleaved multislice method. Advantages include improved signal-to-noise ratios and flexible slice placement. Phantom and volunteer studies are presented and evaluated in comparison with competing methods.