gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modification Request Control System (1976)

The Modification Request Control System (MRCS) tracks and reports project change requests and resulting activity through interactive input and extraction of change request data from computer files. MRCS is one of the tools available as part of the Programmer's Workbench (PWB). It was developed to aid in the timely control and coordination of software changes. It provides the capability to: (1) interactively create, update, and print MRS; (2) track and record the flow of the MR through the system development cycle; and (3) provide management with timely MR status information via reports and on-line inquiries. MRCS supports many projects, each project with its own MR data base and commands. It provides, via common control logic, standard operations such as the creation, updating, and printing of MRS, and the extraction of data from them. Each project then defines the fields, validity checks, defaults, prompting sequences, and report formats which satisfy its particular requirements, and these are used to produce an MRCS for that project.
Growth of Beryllia Single Crystals (1963)

Single crystals of beryllia have been grown by two methods. One method exploits the high‐temperature reversible reaction BeO + H 2 O.Be(OH) 2 . The other is a flux method, in which BeO is dissolved and precipitated as single crystals in a lithium molybdate flux. Characteristics and remaining problems of the two methods are discussed, and the crystals produced are described.
Oligomer formation of the gB glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1991)

Oligomer formation of the gB glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied by sedimentation analysis of radioactively labeled infected cell and virion lysates. Fractions from sucrose gradients were precipitated with a pool of gB-specific monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Pulse-labeled gB from infected cell was synthesized as monomers and converted to oligomers posttranslationally. The oligomers from infected cells and from virions sedimented as dimers, and there was no evidence of higher-molecular-weight forms. To identify amino acid sequences of gB that contribute to oligomer formation, pairs of mutant plasmids were transfected into Vero cells and superinfected with a gB-null mutant virus to stimulate plasmid-specified gene expression. Radioactively labeled lysates were precipitated with antibodies and examined by SDS-PAGE. Polypeptides from cotransfections were precipitated with an antibody that recognized amino acid sequences present in only one of the two polypeptides. A coprecipitated polypeptide lacking the antibody target epitope was presumed to contain the sequences necessary for oligomer formation. Using this technique, two noncontiguous sites for oligomer formation were detected. An upstream site was localized between residues 93 and 282, and a downstream site was localized between residues 596 and 711. Oligomer formation resulted from molecular interactions between two upstream sites, between two downstream sites, and between an upstream and a downstream site. A schematic diagram of a gB oligomer is presented that is consistent with these data.
Comparative Analysis of EspF from Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Alteration of Epithelial Barrier Function (2004)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are related intestinal pathogens that harbor highly similar pathogenicity islands known as the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Despite their genetic similarity, these two pathogens disrupt epithelial tight junction barrier function with distinct kinetics. EHEC-induced reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), a measure of barrier function disruption, is significantly slower and more modest in comparison to that induced by EPEC. The variation in bacterial adherence only partially accounted for these differences. The LEE-encoded effector protein EspF has been shown to be critical for EPEC-induced alterations in TER. EspF from both EPEC and EHEC is expressed and secreted upon growth in tissue culture medium. The mutation of EHEC cesF suggested that the optimal expression and secretion of EHEC EspF required its chaperone CesF, as has been shown for EPEC. In contrast to EPEC espF and cesF, mutation of the corresponding EHEC homologs did not dramatically alter the decrease in TER. These differences could possibly be explained by the presence of additional espF-like sequences (designated U- and M-espF, where the letter designations refer to the specific cryptic prophage sequences on the EHEC chromosome closest to the respective genes) in EHEC. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed coordinate regulation of EHEC U-espF and the LEE-encoded espF, with enhanced expression in bacteria grown in Dulbecco-Vogt modified Eagle's medium compared to bacteria grown in Luria broth. Both EHEC espF and U-espF complemented an EPEC espF deletion strain for barrier function alteration. The overexpression of U-espF, but not espF, in wild-type EHEC potentiated the TER response. These studies reveal further similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of EPEC and EHEC.
Characterization of cholesterol homeostasis in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase-deficient fibroblasts reveals a Niemann-Pick disease type C-like phenotype with enhanced lysosomal Ca2+ storage (2017)

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase irreversibly cleaves S1P, thereby catalysing the ultimate step of sphingolipid degradation. We show here that embryonic fibroblasts from S1P lyase-deficient mice ( Sgpl1 −/− -MEFs), in which S1P and sphingosine accumulate, have features of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) cells. In the presence of serum, overall cholesterol content was elevated in Sgpl1 −/− -MEFs, due to upregulation of the LDL receptor and enhanced cholesterol uptake. Despite this, activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 was increased in Sgpl1 −/− -MEFs, indicating a local lack of cholesterol at the ER. Indeed, free cholesterol was retained in NPC1-containing vesicles, which is a hallmark of NPC. Furthermore, upregulation of amyloid precursor protein in Sgpl1 −/− -MEFs was mimicked by an NPC1 inhibitor in Sgpl1 +/+ -MEFs and reduced by overexpression of NPC1. Lysosomal pH was not altered by S1P lyase deficiency, similar to NPC. Interestingly, lysosomal Ca 2+ content and bafilomycin A1-induced [Ca 2+ ] i increases were enhanced in Sgpl1 −/− -MEFs, contrary to NPC. These results show that both a primary defect in cholesterol trafficking and S1P lyase deficiency cause overlapping phenotypic alterations, and challenge the present view on the role of sphingosine in lysosomal Ca 2+ homeostasis.
Pressure measurements in the 0.01-30 torr range with an inclined-piston gauge (1965)

An inclined-piston pressure gauge is described that will supply a long-standing need in thermochemical research for accurate vapour-pressure determinations in the low and intermediate pressure range. Residual friction between the piston and the cylinder is minimized by a unique oscillatory method that is free of end thrust on the piston and allows full sensitivity of the gauge to be realized. The axial component of the weight-to-area ratio of the piston is determined by measuring the angle of declination with a goniometer that can be read to 1 sec. Accuracy of the gauge proper is estimated to range from 0.001 to 0.012 torr from lower to upper pressure limits respectively. Vapour pressure results on ice, water, 1-heptanethiol, 1-decanethiol, and hexafluorobenzene are described.
2.5 Gbit/s 100 m data transmission using graded-indexpolymer optical fibreand high-speed laser diode at 650 nm wavelength (1995)

High-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) has been successfully obtained which realises 2.5 Gbit/s signal transmission over 100 m spans for the first time by using a 650 nm high-speed laser diode. In the Letter the advantage of the GI POF for high-speed short-range optical communications is described.
Neurophysiological defects in temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. (1976)

A new temperature-sensitive paralytic mutant of Drosophila, comatose, is compared behaviorally and physiologically with the previously known types, para and shi. All three have different properties with respect to kinetics of paralysis at high temperature and recovery from paralysis; com is hypersensitive to paralysis by cooling. Neurophysiological experimeents indicate different mechanisms for paralysis in each of the mutants.
Synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles and cold plasma on glioblastoma cancer therapy (2014)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as a promising reagent for cancer therapy in various fields. In the meantime, cold atmospheric plasma has shown exquisite selectivity towards cancer cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that there is a synergy between gold nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma in cancer therapy. Specifically, the concentration of AuNPs plays an important role on plasma therapy. At an optimal concentration, gold nanoparticles can significantly induce glioblastoma (U87) cell death up to a 30% overall increase compared to the control group with the same plasma dosage but no AuNPs applied. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity of the corresponding conditions has a reversed trend compared to cell viability. This matches with the theory that intracellular ROS accumulation results in oxidative stress, which further changes the intracellular pathways, causing damage to the proteins, lipids and DNA. Our results show that this synergy has great potential in improving the efficiency of cancer therapy and reducing harm to normal cells.
Synthesis and Mosquito Repellent Properties of 2,2-Dialkyl- and 2-Alkyl-4,4-dimethyl-<i>N</i>-acetyloxazolidines (1996)

Nineteen novel N-acetyl-2,2-dialkyloxazolidines (2) and N-acetyl-2-alkyl-4,4-dimethyloxazolidines (3) were synthesized from commercially available carbonyl compounds and ethanolamine or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Their bioactivity against laboratory-reared mosquitoes was compared in patch tests to known N-acetyl-2-alkyloxazolidines (1) and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet insect repellent). Isomeric composition measurements by [13C]NMR spectroscopy favoured the Z rotational isomer for samples of 2 (91–96% Z) and the E rotational isomer for samples of 3 (66–71% E), in agreement with molecular mechanics calculations on rotational isomers of model oxazolidines. Samples of 1 were previously shown to exist in solution mostly as the Z isomer (60–70% Z). Within the optimal molecular weight range for these experimental chemicals, the duration of repellency against Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann generally followed the order: 1>2>deet>3. Bioassay data are discussed in relation to the equilibrium populations of rotational isomers for substituted N-acetyloxazolidines.
Electrochemical behavior and composition of bismuth sulfide coatings (2007)

Cyclic potentiodynamic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the electrochemical behavior and composition of bismuth sulfide coatings deposited by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction on glassy carbon in a colloid solution of bismuth(III) compounds, with Na2S as a sulfidizing agent.
Hearing Loss in Patients With Vestibulotoxic Reactions to Gentamicin Therapy (2006)

Patients with vestibulotoxic reactions to gentamicin therapy have little additional hearing loss compared with the general population. Physicians should monitor both auditory and vestibular function when aminoglycosides, especially gentamicin, must be used.
Mutations in the X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) ? subunit gene (PDHA1) in patients with a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (2000)

Defects in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex are an important cause of primary lactic acidosis, a frequent manifestation of metabolic disease in children. Clinical symptoms can vary considerably in patients with PDH complex deficiencies, and almost equal numbers of affected males and females have been identified, suggesting an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the disease. However, the great majority of PDH complex deficiencies result from mutations in the X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) alpha subunit gene (PDHA1). The major factors that contribute to the clinical variation in E1alpha deficiency and its resemblance to a recessive disease are developmental lethality in some males with severe mutations and the pattern of X-inactivation in females. To date, 37 different missense/nonsense and 39 different insertion/deletion mutations have been identified in the E1alpha subunit gene of 130 patients (61 females and 69 males) from 123 unrelated families. Insertion/deletion mutations occur preferentially in exons 10 and 11, while missense/nonsense mutations are found in all exons. In males, the majority of missense/nonsense mutations are found in exons 3, 7, 8 and 11, and three recurrent mutations at codons R72, R263 and R378 account for half of these patients with missense/nonsense mutations (25 of 50). A significantly lower number of females is found with missense/nonsense mutations (25). However, 36 females out of 55 affected patients have insertion/deletion mutations. The total number of female and male patients is thus almost the same, although a difference in the distribution of the type of mutations is evident between both sexes. In many families, the parents of the affected patients were studied for the presence of the PDHA1 mutation. The mutation was never present in the somatic cells of the father; in 63 mothers studied, 16 were carriers (25%). In four families, the origin of the new mutation was determined to be twice paternal and twice maternal.
Patent Reform Should Not Leave Innovation Behind, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 328 (2009) (2009)

The most recent push for patent reform established competing groups supporting individual agendas. In view of current economic difficulties, however, the focus on innovation should be ever more important. By enacting the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, the federal government invested in innovation and unlocked American industrial potential through Universities. The current reform has provisions that limit disclosure and facilitate patent challenging which increases costs to inventors and adds responsibilities to an already overloaded patent office. This article addresses a number of the proposed reforms and the effect on University innovation.
Information-Theoretical Learning of Discriminative Clusters for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2012)

We study the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation, which aims to adapt classifiers trained on a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. Many existing approaches first learn domain-invariant features and then construct classifiers with them. We propose a novel approach that jointly learn the both. Specifically, while the method identifies a feature space where data in the source and the target domains are similarly distributed, it also learns the feature space discriminatively, optimizing an information-theoretic metric as an proxy to the expected misclassification error on the target domain. We show how this optimization can be effectively carried out with simple gradient-based methods and how hyperparameters can be cross-validated without demanding any labeled data from the target domain. Empirical studies on benchmark tasks of object recognition and sentiment analysis validated our modeling assumptions and demonstrated significant improvement of our method over competing ones in classification accuracies.
A distributed real time eye-gaze tracking system (2004)

This paper describes a real-time eye-gaze tracking system that bases its accuracy in a very precise estimation of the user's pupil centre. The system consists of two cameras, four illuminators and a low cost cluster of four PC's interconnected by a gigabit network. One of the cameras is mounted on a pan-tilt unit in order to perform the tracking of the person's eye. The second camera is fixed, gets a general view of the scene and it is used for finding the eye when the first camera loses it. Since high precision is needed for the determination of the point of gaze, high resolution images must be processed, For fulfilling time restrictions, image processing must be parallelised.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Phytochemical Analysis of<i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> (1998)

An analytical method using HPLC with UV detection was developed to investigate the quassinoid content of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) collected from various sources. Eurycomanone (1), longilactone (2), 14,15beta-dihydroxyklaineanone (3), 15beta-acetyl-14-hydroxyklaineanone (4), 6alpha-hydroxyeurycomalactone (5), and eurycomalactone (7) were isolated as reference standards and together with the synthesized 1beta,12alpha,15beta-triacetyleurycomanone (6, internal standard), were identified by NMR, MS, UV and IR spectroscopies. Their coefficient of variation values for 0.50-35 microg ml(-1) concentrations of quassinoids and their retention times measured within- and between-day were small. The recoveries of the spiked quassinoids in E. longifolia samples and their detection limits at 8.5 times signal to noise ratio were 99.75-109.13% and 0.01 microg ml(-1), respectively. From the root samples analysed, 1 had the highest concentration, being about 16.8-39.6 fold higher than the other quassinoids 2, 3, 5, 7 but 145.3 fold higher than 4 which showed the lowest concentration.
Rethinking IP Core Networks (2013)

The Internet core today is completely based on IP routers. Circuits are only used to provide static point-to-point optical links between routers. As others have recognized, current practice makes it hard to take advantage of very high-speed, low-power optical circuit switches in the core. Despite many proposals to mix packet switching with dynamic circuit switching, none have taken hold. In these times of rapidly increasing traffic, and rapidly decreasing profits for ISPs, it is time to rethink how backbones are built. In this paper, we propose to replace the largest backbone routers with much cheaper hybrid packet-optical switches in a fully meshed IP core. We take advantage of new control planes for software-defined networks to control the packet and circuit networks from a single vantage point. To demonstrate the enormous potential cost savings, we present a detailed analysis of the capital expenditure and show how our approach offers 60% cost savings for typical backbone operators.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis With Intramuscular Injection of Low-Dose Recombinant Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (2005)

rhG-CSF promoted endothelial migration and tube formation in vitro. Local injection of low doses rhG-CSF effectively augmented ischemia-induced angiogenesis in vivo. This treatment regimen of low-dose rhG-CSF may become a new and safe modality for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Cell transplantation and genetic engineering: new approaches to cardiac pathology (2003)

The remarkable progress in experimental cell transplantation, stem cell biology and genetic engineering promise new therapy and hopefully a cure for patients with end stage heart failure. Engineering of viable cardiac grafts with the potential to grow and remodel will provide new solutions to the serious problems of heart donor shortage. The ability to replace the injured heart muscle will have a dramatic influence on medicine, especially with the increasing number of patients with heart failure. This innovative research, now tested in human patients, still faces significant problems that need to be solved before it can be considered as an established therapeutic tool. The present review will focus on selected topics related to the promise and obstacles associated with cell transplantation, with and without genetic manipulation, for myocardial repair.
A chemical enucleation method for the transfer of mitochondrial DNA to    cells (2003)

The study of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations has, in most cases, relied on the production of transmitochondrial cybrids. Although the procedure to produce such cybrids is well established, it is laborious and cumbersome. Moreover, the mechanical enucleation procedure is inefficient and different techniques have to be used depending on the adherence properties of the cell. To circumvent these difficulties, we developed a chemical enucleation method that can have wide applicability for the production of transmitochondrial cybrids. The method is based on the use of actinomycin D to render the nuclear genome transcription/replication inactive and unable to recover after treatment. Such treated cells are fused to cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA and selected for the presence of a functional oxidative phosphorylation system. Our results showed that 95% of the clones recovered by this procedure are true transmitochondrial cybrids. This method greatly facilitates the production of transmitochondrial cybrids, thereby increasing the number of mtDNA mutations and the recipient cell types that can be studied by this system.
Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Using a Fluorophore‐Conjugated Anti‐CA19‐9 Antibody for Surgical Navigation (2008)

Fluorophore-labeled anti-CA19-9 offers a novel intraoperative imaging technique for enhanced visualization of primary and metastatic tumors in pancreatic cancer when CA19-9 expression is present and may improve intraoperative staging and efficacy of resection.
Androgen Receptor (AR) Physiological Roles in Male and Female Reproductive Systems: Lessons Learned from AR-Knockout Mice Lacking AR in Selective Cells1 (2013)

Androgens/androgen receptor (AR) signaling is involved primarily in the development of male-specific phenotypes during embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, sexual behavior, and fertility during adult life. However, this signaling has also been shown to play an important role in development of female reproductive organs and their functions, such as ovarian folliculogenesis, embryonic implantation, and uterine and breast development. The establishment of the testicular feminization (Tfm) mouse model exploiting the X-linked Tfm mutation in mice has been a good in vivo tool for studying the human complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, but this mouse may not be the perfect in vivo model. Mouse models with various cell-specific AR knockout (ARKO) might allow us to study AR roles in individual types of cells in these male and female reproductive systems, although discrepancies are found in results between labs, probably due to using various Cre mice and/or knocking out AR in different AR domains. Nevertheless, no doubt exists that the continuous development of these ARKO mouse models and careful studies will provide information useful for understanding AR roles in reproductive systems of humans and may help us to develop more effective and more specific therapeutic approaches for reproductive system-related diseases.