gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Production of Butanol from Starch-Based Packing Peanuts (2003)

Acetone, butanol, ethanol (ABE, or solvents) were produced from starch-based packing peanuts in batch and continuous reactors. In a batch reactor, 18.9 g/L of total ABE was produced from 80 g/L packing peanuts in 110 h of fermentation. The initial and final starch concentrations were 69.6 and 11.1 g/L, respectively. In this fermentation, ABE yield and productivity of 0.32 and 0.17 g/(L·h) were obtained, respectively. Compared to the batch fermentation, continuous fermentation of 40 g/L of starch-based packing peanuts in P2 medium resulted in a maximum solvent production of 8.4 g/L at a dilution rate of 0.033 h−1. This resulted in a productivity of 0.27 g/(L·h). However, the reactor was not stable and fermentation deteriorated with time. Continuous fermentation of 35 g/L of starch solution resulted in a similar performance. These studies were performed in a vertical column reactor using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 and P2 medium. It is anticipated that prolonged exposure of culture to acrylamide, which is formed during boiling/autoclaving of starch, affects the fermentation negatively.
Spreading of Novel Cyclotriphosphazine-Terminated PFPE Films on Carbon Surfaces (2004)

Spreading characteristics of novel cyclotriphosphazine-terminated Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) films on carbon surfaces were investigated experimentally by using a scanning micro-ellipsometer. The apparent diffusion coefficients of novel lubricants were also studied in order to evaluate the spreading speed and they were compared with the conventional Zdol. It was found that the mobility of cyclotriphosphazine-terminated PFPE films is lower than that of Zdol. This characteristics is dependent on the interactions between the end groups of the lubricants and carbon surfaces and it is found that the tendency of “work of adhesion” for the lubricants has a good correlation with the mobility tendency of the lubricants. In addition, the monolayer film thickness of novel lubricant films as well as conventional Zdol was identified, which was extracted using Matano interface method. As a result, the existing conformation of novel cyclotriphosphazine-terminated PFPE film on carbon surfaces could be estimated, based on the monolayer film thickness results.
Rapid, Sensitive, and Quantitative Detection of Pathogenic DNA at the Point of Care through Microfluidic Electrochemical Quantitative Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (2012)

Single-step DNA detection: a microfluidic electrochemical loop mediated isothermal amplification platform is reported for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of pathogen genomic DNA at the point of care. DNA amplification was electrochemically monitored in real time within a monolithic microfluidic device, thus enabling the detection of as few as 16 copies of Salmonella genomic DNA through a single-step process in less than an hour.
Optical MIMO-SDM System Capacities (2014)

We review multiple-input multiple-output space-division multiplexed (MIMO-SDM) system capacities and component characteristics, such as multiplexer crosstalk, mode-dependent loss/gain, distributed mode-dependent noise, and differential modal group delay.
Isolation and Observation of Tissue Layers in Hydra attenuata Pall. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) (1979)

L. G. Epp, P. Tardent, , Isolation and Observation of Tissue Layers in Hydra attenuata Pall. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Jul., 1979), pp. 392-400
Embedded hardware and software self-testing methodologies for processor cores (2000)

At-speed testing of GHz processors using external testers may not be technically and economically feasible. Hence, there is an emerging need for low-cost, high-quality self-test methodologies, which can be used by processors to test themselves at-speed. Currently, Built-In Self-Test (BIST) is the primary self-test methodology available and is widely used for testing embedded memory cores. In this paper, we report our experiences in applying a commercial BIST methodology to two processor cores and analyze the problems associated with the current hardware-based BIST methodologies. We propose a new software-based self-testing methodology for processors, which uses a software tester embedded in the processor memory as a vehicle for applying structural tests. The software tester consists of programs for test generation and test application. Prior to the test, structural tests are prepared for processor components in the form of self-test signatures. During the process of self-test, the test generation program expands the self-test signatures into test sets, and the test application program applies the tests to the components-under-test at the speed of the processor. Application of the novel software-based self-test method demonstrates its significant cost/fault coverage benefits and its ability to apply at-speed test while alleviating the need for high-speed testers.
Flüssigkristalline Polymere (1987)

Abstract Das flüssigkristalline Verhalten niedermolekularer Verbindungen ist seit einem Jahrhundert bekannt; synthetische Polymere werden seit vielen Jahrzehnten im großen Maßstab produziert. Vor einiger Zeit ist es nun gelungen, Polymere zu erzeugen, in denen die Strukturprinzipien flüssigkristalliner Verbindungen realisiert sind. Die resultierenden Materialien haben die erwarteten außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften. Zahlreiche Anwendungen, nicht nur in der Optoelektronik, sind schon heute abzusehen.
The M1/M4 preferring agonist xanomeline reverses amphetamine-, MK801- and scopolamine-induced abnormalities of latent inhibition: putative efficacy against positive, negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia (2011)

A major challenge in developing schizophrenia pharmacotherapy is treating the different symptoms of this disorder, typically divided into positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. M 1 /M 4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonists have emerged as a promising therapeutic target, particularly for positive and cognitive symptoms. Here, we examined the activity of the M 1 /M 4 mAChR-preferring agonist xanomeline in four pharmacological latent inhibition (LI) models. LI is the poorer conditioning to a stimulus previously experienced as irrelevant during repeated non-reinforced pre-exposure to that stimulus. No-drug controls displayed LI if non-reinforced pre-exposure to a tone was followed by weak, but not strong, conditioning (2 vs. 5 tone-shock pairings). Amphetamine (1 mg/kg)-or scopolamine (0.15 mg/kg)-treated rats failed to show LI with weak conditioning, whereas MK801 (0.05 mg/kg)-or scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg)-treated rats persisted in displaying LI with strong conditioning. Xanomeline (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg) reversed amphetamine-and scopolamine-induced LI disruption, effects considered predictive of activity against positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, xanomeline alleviated MK801-induced abnormally persistent LI. Activity of xanomeline on NMDA antagonist-induced behaviour was demonstrated here for the first time and suggests that the drug is effective against negative/ cognitive symptoms. Finally, xanomeline alleviated abnormally persistent LI induced by scopolamine, which was suggested to model antipsychotic drug-resistant cognitive impairments, providing further evidence for the cognition-enhancing capacity of xanomeline. Although the use of xanomeline in schizophrenia was discontinued due to cholinergic-related side-effects, our findings suggest that M 1 /M 4 mAChR agonism should be an important target in drug development in schizophrenia, potentially beneficial for treatment of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.
Electron Cotunneling in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot (2001)

We report transport measurements on a semiconductor quantum dot with a small number of confined electrons. In the Coulomb blockade regime, conduction is dominated by cotunneling processes. These can be either elastic or inelastic, depending on whether they leave the dot in its ground state or drive it into an excited state, respectively. We are able to discriminate between these two contributions and show that inelastic events can occur only if the applied bias exceeds the lowest excitation energy. Implications to energy-level spectroscopy are discussed.
The inherent metastasis of leukaemia and its exploitation by sonodynamic therapy (2015)

Nearly all cancers are linked by the inexorable phenotype of metastasis as malignant growths have the capability to spread from their place of origin to distant sites throughout the body. While different cancers may have various propensities to migrate towards specific locations, they are all linked by this unifying principal. Unlike most neoplasms, leukaemia has inherent cell motility as leukocytes are required to move throughout the vascular system, suggesting that no mutations are required for anchorage independent growth. As such, it seems likely that leukaemias are inherently metastatic, endowed with the deadliest phenotype of cancer simply due to cell of origin. This article presents the biology of metastasis development and how leukaemia cells are inherently provided these phenotypic characteristics. It is then proposed how clinicians may be able to exploit the motility of leukaemia and metastatic emboli of other cancer types through an approach known as sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a treatment modality that combines chemotherapeutic agents with ultrasound to preferentially damage malignant cells. As experimental evidence has indicated, SDT is a promising therapeutic approach in need of clinical testing for further validation.
Receptor for complement peptide C3a: a therapeutic target for neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury (2013)

Complement is an essential component of inflammation that plays a role in ischemic brain injury. Recent reports demonstrate novel functions of complement in normal and diseased CNS, such as regulation of neurogenesis and synapse elimination. Here, we examined the role of complement-derived peptide C3a in unilateral hypoxia-ischemia (HI), a model of neonatal HI encephalopathy. HI injury was induced at postnatal day 9 (P9), and loss of hippocampal tissue was determined on P31. We compared WT mice with transgenic mice expressing C3a under the control of glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter, which express biologically active C3a only in CNS and without the requirement of a priori complement activation. Further, we injected C3a peptide into the lateral cerebral ventricle of mice lacking the C3a receptor (C3aR) and WT mice and assessed HI-induced memory impairment 41 d later. We found that HI-induced tissue loss in C3a overexpressing mice was reduced by 50% compared with WT mice. C3a peptide injected 1 h after HI protected WT but not C3aR-deficient mice against HI-induced memory impairment. Thus, C3a acting through its canonical receptor ameliorates behavioral deficits after HI injury, and C3aR is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neonatal HI encephalopathy.
Monitoring chronically ill patients using mobile technologies (2007)

Using mobile technologies to remotely monitor patients has many potential benefits, not the least of which is the improvement in quality of life which patients experience when they are in their home environment rather than a hospital. This becomes particularly important when patients are suffering from a chronic disease such as diabetes, kidney failure, arteriosclerosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The remote monitoring of medical parameters such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, and peak air flow can be augmented by technology that monitors the patients' compliance with drug regimes, to ensure that they enjoy maximal quality of life with minimal disruptive impact. This paper describes the work done by IBM Research to implement a state-of-the-art, open, pervasive health-care solution. One of the most important aspects of such a solution is how it is implemented in a real-life project; in this paper we describe the implementation of a system to monitor weight and blood pressure for pediatric nephrology cases at Germany's leading university hospital, within the context of both dialysis and post-transplantation recovery.
The single Cys2-His2 zinc finger domain of the GAGA protein flanked by basic residues is sufficient for high-affinity specific DNA binding. (1996)

Specific DNA binding to the core consensus site GAGAGAG has been shown with an 82-residue peptide (residues 310-391) taken from the Drosophila transcription factor GAGA. Using a series of deletion mutants, it was demonstrated that the minimal domain required for specific binding (residues 310-372) includes a single zinc finger of the Cys2-His2 family and a stretch of basic amino acids located on the N-terminal end of the zinc finger. In gel retardation assays, the specific binding seen with either the peptide or the whole protein is zinc dependent and corresponds to a dissociation constant of approximately 5 x 10(-9) M for the purified peptide. It has previously been thought that a single zinc finger of the Cys2-His2 family is incapable of specific, high-affinity binding to DNA. The combination of an N-terminal basic region with a single Cys2-His2 zinc finger in the GAGA protein can thus be viewed as a novel DNA binding domain. This raises the possibility that other proteins carrying only one Cys2-His2 finger are also capable of high-affinity specific binding to DNA.
Detection of Changes in Intrathoracic Fluid in Man Using Electrical Impedance Tomography (1994)

1. The Sheffield electrical impedance tomography system produces information on changes in the distribution of resistivity within tissue. We report on the assessment of electrical impedance tomography in monitoring changes in lung resistivity during a fluid challenge in normal man. 2. Eight normal subjects were studied. Electrical impedance tomography recordings were made at three different lung volumes before, during and after the intravenous infusion of 1 litre of 0.9% NaCl (saline). 3. The mean fall in lung resistivity during the infusion was -22% at total lung capacity (range -10% to -28%), -24% at tidal breathing (-15% to -37%) and -11% at residual volume (-5% to -19%) (P < 0.05 mean pre-infusion resistivity compared with the nadir value after infusion, Wilcoxon). 4. These changes in lung resistivity were probably due to a combination of a fall in haematocrit and an expansion of pulmonary blood volume.
Molecular and physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. (2001)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic (DA) and GABAergic (Gaba) projection neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are characterized by single-cell RT-PCR and patch-clamp recordings in slices of rat and wild-type, beta2-/-, alpha4-/-, and alpha7-/- mice. The eight nAChR subunits expressed in these nuclei, alpha3-7 and beta2-4, contribute to four different types of nAChR-mediated currents. Most DA neurons in the SN and VTA express two nAChR subtypes. One is inhibited by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (2 microm), alpha-conotoxin MII (10 nm), and methyllycaconitine (1 nm) but does not contain the alpha7 subunit; it possesses a putative alpha4alpha6alpha5(beta2)(2) composition. The other subtype is inhibited by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (2 microm) and has a putative alpha4alpha5(beta2)(2) composition. Gaba neurons in the VTA exhibit a third subtype with a putative (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) composition, whereas Gaba neurons in the SN have either the putative (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) oligomer or the putative alpha4alpha6alpha5(beta2)(2) oligomer. The fourth subtype, a putative (alpha7)(5) homomer, is encountered in less than half of DA and Gaba neurons, in the SN as well as in the VTA. Neurons in the DA nuclei thus exhibit a diversity of nAChRs that might differentially modulate reinforcement and motor behavior.
Functional analysis of mutations in the<i>PIS</i>gene, which encodes<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>phosphatidylinositol synthase (1995)

The PIS gene for an enzyme phosphatidylinositol synthase having an increased Km for myo-inositol, was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant PIS gene contained a CAA codon at position 114 instead of the CAC codon observed in the wild-type gene, resulting in alteration of the amino acid from His to Gln. Oligonucleotide mediated site-directed mutagenesis of PIS at codon 114 revealed that mutant genes with codons for Ala, Thr and Leu could support yeast cell growth in vivo, but those for Asp, Lys and Tyr could not. All mutant enzymes when expressed in Escherichia coli showed greatly reduced in vitro activity.
Data matrix technology for linking mobile maps in a web-based multi-channel service (2010)

In the paper we discuss how data matrices are being applied in an experimental way in the MenoMaps research project. One of the outcomes of the project is a map-based service prototype with multipublishing channels capable of delivering the same map data for the users via different media. We demonstrate how the data matrices could be displayed on paper maps as a link to location-specific information. The most promising applications are those where the content is very dynamic. We also show how a map application on a multitouch wall display can be linked through a data matrix to a map application on a mobile phone, to support the user's smooth switch from one channel to another. We carried out a user study on experimental hiking maps among the visitors of a national park in Finland. The survey reveled that user-awareness of the 2D barcode technology and usage is still low.
The Impact of Avatar Mobility on Distributed Server Assignment for Delivering Mobile Immersive Communication Environment (2007)

In our previous work, we proposed a distributed server architecture to deliver multi-party immersive voice communication service to mobile clients (e.g. Sony PSP) accessing a distributed virtual environment (DVE). We refer to such immersive voice communication service as mobile immersive communication environment (MICE). We also proposed solutions to assign server to create the auditory scene for each avatar. In this work, we ascertain the necessary update period of server reassignment in order to cope with avatar mobility in the virtual world. In our simulations, we measure the percentage differences in delay deviation and bandwidth cost between the case of no server reassignment update since t=l second (the initial time instant) and the case of ideal server reassignment at every second. Our results show that the impact of avatar mobility leads to increases in both delay deviation and bandwidth cost as the time elapse further from t=l second. Such increase in delay deviation and bandwidth cost is more significant at the low avatar densities than at the higher avatar densities. The optimal server assignment algorithm is found to be too computationally intensive to be executed within the required update periods. A much faster greedy heuristic has been devised to perform server assignment within the required update periods.
Zur Umsetzung von Aceton‐1,3‐dicarbonsäure‐dialkylestern und 1,3‐Diacetyl‐aceton mit Stickstoffoxiden (1976)

Abstract Aceton‐1,3‐dicarbonsäure‐dialkylester 4a ‐reagieren mit Distickstofftrioxid/Salpetersäure zu den kristallinen 3,5‐Dialkoxycarbonyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazol‐1,2‐bis‐oxiden 5a ‐ d und den öligen Dialkoxycarbonyl‐furoxanen 6a ‐ d . 4e ‐ f ergeben nur 6e ‐ f . Aus 1,3‐Dacetyl‐aceton ( 7 ) und Distickstofftetroxid entsteht das symmetrische 3,5‐Diacetyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazol‐1,2‐bis‐oxid ( 8 ).
Oportunidades para la ciudad: Celebración de eventos. La exposición “Las Edades del Hombre” 2014, en Aranda de Duero (2014)

La exposicion “Las Edades del Hombre” es un evento de caracter religioso cultural que
viene celebrandose en la Comunidad Autonoma de Castilla y Leon desde el ano 1988. Ya
van por su edicion XIX, que se celebra este ano, 2014, en el municipio de Aranda de
Duero (Burgos) con el titulo EUCHARISTIA.
Inicialmente se planteo que su sede serian las 11 catedrales de la Comunidad, pero al ir
ampliando ediciones se viene celebrando tambien en iglesias de municipios en los que se
busca no solo poner en valor la ciudad que la alberga, sino tambien sus alrededores.
Para poner Aranda a punto para el evento, ha habido que realizar una fuerte inversion
por parte de todos los agentes intervinientes, asi como adaptar el centro de la ciudad y
las dos sedes que la alberga. Se ha anadido como subsede la iglesia del Barrio de
Sinovas, declarado monumento nacional desde el ano 1964.
En relacion con la intervencion en la ciudad, se ha aprovechado para realizar actuaciones
de mejora de redes de infraestructuras, peatonalizacion de calles y control de la
regulacion del trafico de vehiculos con acceso a la zona. Se han realizado labores de
mejora del alumbrado publico en diversas calles de la ciudad, en el Barrio de San Juan,
en el Parque de “El Barriles” y se estan ejecutando mejoras en los cruces semaforicos
mas frecuentados.
En cuanto a la repercusion del evento en la economia local, se ha reactivado el comercio
y la restauracion, no asi las pernoctaciones. Para potenciarlas se han creado actividades
paralelas a la propia exposicion y se han ofertado rutas turisticas en la propia ciudad,
destacando las que se realizan a la red de bodegas subterraneas y a pueblos de la
comarca.
A new type of clear orthodontic retainer incorporating multi-layer hybrid materials (2015)

Clear thermoplastic retainers have been widely used in daily orthodontics; however, they have inherent limitations associated with thermoplastic polymer materials such as dimensional instability, low strength, and poor wear resistance. To solve these problems, we developed a new type of clear orthodontic retainer that incorporates multi-layer hybrid materials. It consists of three layers; an outer polyethylenterephthalate glycol modified (PETG) hard-type polymer, a middle thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) soft-type polymer, and an inner reinforced resin core. The resin core improves wear resistance and mechanical strength, which prevent unwanted distortion of the bucco-palatal wall of the retainer. The TPU layer absorbs impact and the PETG layer has good formability, optical qualities, fatigue resistance, and dimensional stability, which contributes to increased support from the mandibular dentition, and helps maintain the archform. This new type of vacuum-formed retainer showed improved mechanical strength and rate of water absorption.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH P53 NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA (1994)

Prostatic adenocarcinoma is an age-related cancer. The extremely high proportion of this disease with advanced age merits the study of age-dependent carcinogenesis. TP53 is considered a common target for carcinogenic agents including exogenous carcinogens as well as endogenous mutagens. Mutations of this gene are reported to be the most frequent nuclear abnormalities in human cancer. In order to investigate the relationship between age and altered patterns of p53 expression, we have analyzed a group of 48 patients with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma. We assessed p53 nuclear accumulation immunohistochemically by the anti-p53 antibodies PAb1801 and CM-1, and identified 9 out of 48 patients (19%) displaying p53-positive phenotype. We observed a significant association between advanced age and p53 nuclear accumulation. The data suggest that p53 nuclear accumulation may be related to the aging process in prostatic adenocarcinoma.