gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Low-Level Alpha-Scintillation Counter for Radon (1957)

A low counter background is obtained by use of steel for the shell and quartz for the counter window, while marked improvement in the stability is obtained by coating the window with an electrically conducting layer of tin oxide. The distribution of radon and its daughters within the counter under various conditions was determined by comparison of observed and calculated counting efficiencies. A stable counting efficiency of 5.58±0.05 cpm/μμc radon and a background counting rate of 0.08 cpm is obtained. The usefulness of this counter is augmented by adsorbing the radon on charcoal. The radon is then easily transferred to the counter with a small volume of helium and a Sigmamotor pump. This system is suitable for the analysis of samples of radon as small as 10−14 c or concentrations in air smaller than 10−16 C radon/liter.
Constrained reconstruction applied to 2-D chemical shift imaging (1997)

The method of constrained reconstruction, previously applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is extended to magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This method assumes a model for the MR signal. The model parameters are estimated directly from the phase encoded data. This process obviates the need for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (which often exhibits limited resolution and ringing artifact). The technique is tested on simulated data, phantom data, and data acquired from human liver in vivo. In each case, constrained reconstruction offers spatial resolution superior to that obtained with the FFT.
Quantitative Fluorogenic PCR Assay for Measuring Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Replication in Sheep (2001)

A fluorogenic PCR specific for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) DNA was developed and compared to a previously established conventional seminested PCR. Testing of a total of 152 blood samples from both positive and negative animals revealed that the results of both assays corresponded to each other in 100% of the cases. A second fluorogenic PCR for genomic sheep DNA was required to normalize the quantity of viral DNA in the sample. Separate standard curves had to be constructed for each PCR. The analytical sensitivity of the new PCRs ranged between at least 10 copies and sometimes even 1 copy of target DNA per reaction mixture. In dilution series of the target DNAs, linear decreases of the signals were observed over 7 orders of magnitude. Thus, it was possible to calculate the amounts of viral DNA in relation to the amounts of cellular DNA by normalizing the absolute quantity of OvHV-2 DNA with the amount of genomic sheep DNA. By this technique, it was possible for the first time to quantitatively characterize the course of OvHV-2 replication in naturally infected sheep.
Regulation of the immune response by dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites. (1996)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (5-androsten-3 beta-ol-17-one, DHEA) has been shown to protect mice from a variety of lethal infections. This includes, but is not limited to, infection with viruses (herpes virus type 2, coxsackie virus B4 (CB4)), bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and a parasite (Cryptosporidium parvum). We have previously reported that androstenediol (5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, AED), derived from DHEA, is at least 100 x more effective in up-regulating systemic resistance against CB4 infection than its precursor. Furthermore, androstenetriol (5-androstene-3 beta,7 beta, 17 beta-triol, AET) which is formed by 7 beta hydroxylation of AED, was more effective against CB4 infection than its precursor, AED. Neither steroid, however, has shown any significant direct antiviral effects. The in vitro influences of DHEA, AED and AET on a mitogen-induced mixed splenocyte proliferation assay were determined. The results showed that DHEA suppressed the proliferation of concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide-activated cultures in a dose-dependent manner. AED had little influence on the activation response. However, AET potentiated the response to both mitogens significantly above the control level. The regulation of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-3 secretion from ConA-activated lymphocytes was analogous to these observations. These functions were depressed by DHEA, unaffected by AED, and potently increased by AET. Moreover, the classic immunosuppressive effects of hydrocortisone on ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation, as well as IL-2 and IL-3 production, were unaffected by co-culture with DHEA and only minimally counteracted by AED. In contrast. AET significantly counteracted the effect of hydrocortisone when co-cultured together. These data show that while DHEA, AED and AET each function in a similar manner in vivo, in vitro their effects are dramatically different from one another with only AET potentiating the cellular response by increasing lymphocyte activation and counteracting the immunosuppressive activity of hydrocortisone.
Performance Assessment of New Multiplex Probe Assay for Identification of Mycobacteria (2001)

A new DNA probe assay (INNO LiPA Mycobacteria; Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) for the simultaneous identification, by means of reverse hybridization and line-probe technology, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium gordonae, the species of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and Mycobacterium chelonae was evaluated on a panel of 238 strains including, besides representatives of all the taxa identifiable by the system, a number of other mycobacteria, some of which are known to be problematic with the only other commercial DNA probe system (AccuProbe; Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.), and two nocardiae. The new kit, which includes a control probe reacting with the whole genus Mycobacterium, correctly identified 99.6% of the strains tested; the one discrepancy, which remained unresolved, concerned an isolate identified as MAC intermediate by INNO LiPA Mycobacteria and as Mycobacterium intracellulare by AccuProbe. In five cases, because of an imperfect checking of hybridization temperature, a very slight, nonspecific, line was visible which was no longer evident when the test was repeated. Two strains whose DNA failed amplification at the first attempt were regularly identified when the test was repeated. Interestingly, the novel kit dodged all the pitfalls presented by the strains giving anomalous reactions with AccuProbe. A unique feature of INNO LiPA Mycobacteria is its ability to recognize different subgroups within the species M. kansasii and M. chelonae, while the declared overlapping reactivity of probe 4 with some M. kansasii and Mycobacterium gastri organisms and of probe 9 with MAC, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Mycobacterium malmoense, may furnish a useful aid for their identification. The turnaround time of the method is approximately 6 h, including a preliminary PCR amplification.
Development and performance of a high-speed annular centrifugal contactor. (1973)

number is measured and combined with the correlation for liquid rise over the circular weirs, the operating characteristics of the centrifugal contactor can be calculated.
Improved Optimization of FORTRAN Object Programs (1980)

For many years the FORTRAN H Extended compiler has produced highly optimized object programs for IBM System/360 and System/370 computers. A study of the object programs revealed, however, that important additional optimizations were possible, and the compiler has been enhanced accordingly. First, the range of cases handled by the optimization techniques already present in the compiler has been extended. For example, more duplicate computations are eliminated, and more invariant computations are moved from inner to outer loops. Second, several new optimizations have been added, with subscript computation and register allocation receiving particular attention. Third, certain optimization restrictions have been removed. This paper describes these improvements and reports their effects.
Effects of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin on antiphospholipid antibody binding in vitro (2003)

These data suggest that low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin reduce the in vitro binding of antiphospholipid antibodies on a per unit basis. Both heparins demonstrate binding activity similar to that of antiphospholipid antibodies in vitro.
The Chiral Pool in the Pictet–Spengler Reaction for the Synthesis of β-Carbolines (2016)

The Pictet-Spengler reaction (PSR) is the reaction of a β-arylethylamine with an aldehyde or ketone, followed by ring closure to give an aza-heterocycle. When the β-arylethylamine is tryptamine, the product is a β-carboline, a widespread skeleton in natural alkaloids. In the natural occurrence, these compounds are generally enantiopure, thus the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds have been attracting the interest of organic chemists. This review aims to give an overview of the asymmetric PSR, in which the chirality arises from optically pure amines or carbonyl compounds both from natural sources and from asymmetric syntheses to assemble the reaction partners.
A direct method to extract effective geometries and series resistances of MOS transistors (2002)

A new direct method for rapid characterization of MOS transistor effective geometries and series resistances is presented. The method only requires devices of four different sizes. Also presented is a new linear regression technique that offers a natural extension of the method to any arbitrary number of devices. Finally, the channel width dependence of the mobility reduction factor is shown to be explained by the electrical broadening of the channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxygen Defects in Phosphorene (2015)

Surface reactions with oxygen are a fundamental cause of the degradation of phosphorene. Using first-principles calculations, we show that for each oxygen atom adsorbed onto phosphorene there is an energy release of about 2 eV. Although the most stable oxygen adsorbed forms are electrically inactive and lead only to minor distortions of the lattice, there are low energy metastable forms which introduce deep donor and/or acceptor levels in the gap. We also propose a mechanism for phosphorene oxidation involving reactive dangling oxygen atoms and we suggest that dangling oxygen atoms increase the hydrophilicity of phosphorene.
A Novel Multiband Antenna: Fractal Antenna (2005)

This paper outlines a multiband antenna design based on fractal concepts. Simulation studies to investigate the influence of fractals on resonant frequencies are presented. The numbers of fractals are varied and influence on frequency bands is observed
Inhibition of leucocyte motility and prevention of immune-complex experimental colitis by hydroxychloroquine. (1982)

The inhibitory effects of hydroxychloroquine on leucocyte motility have been compared with those of prednisolone. It has been shown to have similar potency to prednisolone as an inhibitor of human neutrophil and monocyte motility. Hydroxychloroquine has then been compared with placebo in the prevention of an immune-complex experimental colitis in rabbits. Rectal biopsies were taken from rabbits 24 hours after initiation of colitis, coded, and graded histologically. The summated gradings for acute inflammation and goblet cell depletion had worsened more in the control rabbits (mean grade +6.7) than in the treated rabbits (mean grade +1.8) P less than 0.05. There was no difference in the mononuclear cell infiltrate between the two groups. Hydroxychloroquine, which is a potent inhibitor of leucocyte motility, effectively prevents the acute inflammatory infiltrate in this experimental colitis model and therefore merits trial in human ulcerative colitis.
Efficient Elimination of Trace Ethylene over Nano-Gold Catalyst under Ambient Conditions (2008)

Nano-Au/Co3O4 catalyst with high gold loading was found to be a good catalytic material for the elimination of trace ethylene (ppb) at ambient conditions. The gold nanoparticles dispersed on the support nano-Co3O4 surface contribute to this high activity at room temperature. The relatively rapid deactivation trend was observed under high concentrations of ethylene (1000 ppm), because coke deposits were present on the catalyst surface during the reaction process. This type of nano-gold catalytic material shows great potential as a meaningfully environmental catalyst, particularly for indoor environmental control of trace ethylene (ppb) and keeping fruits fresh during warehouse storage.
Study of Ion and Solvent Transport through Graphene Oxide Membranes (2017)

Filtration membranes are required to be thin, robust, energy efficient, and accurate on selectivity. Graphene oxide (GO) is believed to be a potential next generation material for industrial membrane applications because of its unique properties such as strong mechanical strength, excellent aqueous solution processability, and great flexibility for membrane fabrication. Research on the transport models, the separation performance, and the functionalization of GO membranes has been developed. However, many mechanisms of mass transport through GO membranes still remain debatable.\nIn this work, GO was synthesized, and then functionalized with linear amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and aluminum ions (Al). The fabrication and characterizations of GO, PEG-GO, and Al-GO membranes were demonstrated in this work. Water and water/ethanol binary mixture transport through GO, PEG-GO, and Al-GO membranes were studied to investigate the permeation and the rejection rates of solvents through GO-based membranes. The total volumetric flux of water/ethanol mixture through GO membranes was inversely proportional to the viscosity of the solvent mixtures. The steric hindrance effect and the interactions between the solvent molecules and the membrane surfaces dominated the rejection rate of ethanol through GO membranes. The functionalization of GO modified the pore size and the porosity of the membranes, resulting in faster permeation of solvents and reduced rejection rates of ethanol through PEG-GO and Al-GO membranes. Deformation of nanochannels within the functionalized GO membranes was observed when the membranes were operated under highly pressurized conditions. Diffusive transport of two charge equivalent and structurally similar ruthenium complex ions Ru(bpy)32+ and\niv\nRu(phen)32+ through GO, PEG-GO, and Al-GO membranes were also studied. Our data showed high similarity with the results reported previously in the literature, indicating that the GO and functionalized GO membranes used in this work were highly consistent. Due to the enlarged pore sizes and the reduced interactions between ions and the membrane surfaces, the flux of ions through PEG-GO membranes was 300% higher than that through GO membranes. In contrast, permeation of ions through Al-GO membranes was slower than that through GO membranes. The blocked nanopores and the electrostatic repulsion between the intercalated aluminum ions and complex ions were the main reasons for this observation. In addition, the main reason for the significant permeance difference between Ru(bpy)32+ and Ru(phen)32+ ions was confirmed as the steric hindrance effect.\nThis work contributes to the basic research on GO membranes in potential applications. It can be beneficial to the academic laboratories for understanding the mechanism of mass transport through GO-based membranes. These new membrane materials could replace traditional membrane materials in many industrial applications in the future.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise (2007)

The following seven points related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals constitute the position stand of the Society. They have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society. 1) Vast research supports the contention that individuals engaged in regular exercise training require more dietary protein than sedentary individuals. 2) Protein intakes of 1.4 - 2.0 g/kg/day for physically active individuals is not only safe, but may improve the training adaptations to exercise training. 3) When part of a balanced, nutrient-dense diet, protein intakes at this level are not detrimental to kidney function or bone metabolism in healthy, active persons. 4) While it is possible for physically active individuals to obtain their daily protein requirements through a varied, regular diet, supplemental protein in various forms are a practical way of ensuring adequate and quality protein intake for athletes. 5) Different types and quality of protein can affect amino acid bioavailability following protein supplementation. The superiority of one protein type over another in terms of optimizing recovery and/or training adaptations remains to be convincingly demonstrated. 6) Appropriately timed protein intake is an important component of an overall exercise training program, essential for proper recovery, immune function, and the growth and maintenance of lean body mass. 7) Under certain circumstances, specific amino acid supplements, such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA's), may improve exercise performance and recovery from exercise.
<title>High-temperature pressure transducer interface</title> (1998)

This paper describes a high-temperature (250 degree(s)C) pressure-transducer interface for resistive Wheatstone bridges. The long-term drift of the smart sensor, i.e., the (pressure) sensor plus its interface electronics, will be determined by the drift of the sensor only. A continuous three-signal auto-calibration sequence of the interface electronics keeps the transducer interface virtually free of long-term drift. A patented low-drift pre-amplifier forms an essential element in this system. The high-temperature operation of the transducer interface has been investigated from both an electronic and a packaging point of view. The system has been realized by combining CMOS ASICs with a thick-film packaging technology. The pressure-transducer interface works up to 250 - 275 degree(s)C with 15 - 16 bits accuracy.
Molecular Characteristics of Bovine Serum Albumin-Dextran Conjugates (2006)

Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dextran conjugates were prepared by using the Maillard reaction; depending on the ratio of dextran to BSA used, about 0.5-1 mol of dextran could be bound to 1 mol of native BSA. SDS-PAGE patterns revealed that BSA and dextran had been covalently bonded. Structural analyses by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism indicated that the BSA surface in each conjugate was covered with dextran without any great disruption of the native conformation. The conjugates could be grouped into two fractions on the basis of the weight-average molecular mass measured: the main fraction at 1.95-2.35 x 10(5) g/mol and a less-abundant fraction with aggregates greater than 1.50 x 10(6) g/mol. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography in conjunction with multi-angle laser light scattering detection revealed that the BSA-dextran conjugates prepared by using the Maillard reaction had various molar masses and radii.
Religion and Youth: World Perspectives (2011)

The riots in London have raised the issue again as to what is happening in Western culture. Many people have been asking what has gone wrong. There will be no simple answer. The structures of contemporary society need to be re-examined. One may also ask if such events demonstrate a rootlessness, a lack of purpose and altruism which religious faith would normally be addressing.
Expression Pattern of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Rat Hippocampus following Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury (2012)

The present study was designed to investigate the pattern of time-dependent expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, β, and γ) after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) damage in the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to global cerebral I/R. The rat hippocampi were isolated to detect the expression of PPARs mRNA and protein levels at 30 min-30 d after I/R by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The expression levels of PPARs mRNA and protein in the rat hippocampus significantly increased and peaked at 24 h for PPARα and γ (at 48 h for PPARβ) after I/R, then gradually decreased, and finally approached control levels on d 30. The present results suggest that global cerebral I/R can cause obvious increases of hippocampal PPARs mRNA and protein expression within 15 d after I/R. These findings may help to guide the experimental and clinical therapeutic use of PPARs agonists against brain injury.
Synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers of iε-caprolactone and DL-lactide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ABA triblock copolymers of iε-caprolactone and DL-lactideC. X. Song and X. D. FengCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 12, 2764–2767Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00142a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00142a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human amnion mesenchyme cells express phenotypes of neuroglial progenitor cells (2004)

Previous studies from our laboratory showed that human amnion epithelial cells (AECs) have multiple functions, such as synthesis and release of catecholamines, acetylcholine, neurotrophic factors, activin, and noggin. In this study, we investigated the identity of neural progenitor cells in human amnion mesenchyme cells (AMCs), which lie immediately adjacent to the AECs. Cryostat sections revealed that vimentin expression was detected in the AMCs and CK19 in AECs. Vimentin-positive cells made up 97.5% of total cells tested in cultured AMCs. Interestingly, 3.6% of total AMCs expressed the phenotype CK19+/vimentin+, indicating coexpression of epithelial and mesenchyme cell markers. In culturing with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 24 hr, 66-82% of cells were found to be BrdU positive, suggesting that they have proliferating potency. By using RT-PCR, AMCs express mRNA of nestin and Musashi1. With a neural cell differentiating protocol, cell bodies extended long bipolar or complex multipolar processes. Nestin (87.7% of total cells tested) and Musashi1 (93.1%) were expressed in undifferentiated cells, and their positively stained cells increased in number slightly after induction. Undifferentiated cells were stained by anti-Tuj1 and NF-M, and their positively stained cells increased significantly in number after induction, to 72.8% and 46.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells increased from 25.4% to 43.2% after induction. These studies demonstrate that AMCs have phenotypes of neuroglial progenitor cells and can be differentiated into neuroglial phenotypes by optimal differentiation protocol. Eventually, AMC-derived stem cells may be a favorable cell vehicle in regenerative medicine.