gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pixel design for X‐ray imaging with CdTe sensors (2008)

Abstract A readout architecture appropriate for X‐ray Imaging using charge integration has been designed. Each pixel consists of a capacitive transimpedance amplifier, a sample and hold circuit a comparator and an 8 bit DRAM. Pixel level A/D conversion and local storage of the digitized signal is performed. The target sensors are 100 μm x 100 μm CdTe pixel detectors and integration time of 1ms or less can be achieved. Special measures have been taken to minimize the gain fixed pattern noise and the reset noise, while purely digital correlation double sampling can be performed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on the palladium catalysed methoxycarbonylation of ethene (1998)

A series of complexes of the type [(L-L)Pd(alkene)], where (L-L) is a diphosphine ligand and the alkene is dibenzylideneacetone (dba), benzoquinone or tetracyanoethene have been synthesised. These complexes have been evaluated as pre-catalysts in the methoxycarbonylation of ethene (80 C, 10 bar CO/ethene, MeOH, 20 MeSO(_3)H). Where (L-L) is the diphosphine l,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene and the alkene is dba, rates in excess of 40,000 moles methyl propionate/mole Pd/hr are obtained at 99.6% selectivity. The catalytic activity and selectivity is found to critically depend on the nature of the diphosphine ligand, with l,2-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzene complexes giving rise to high molecular weight, perfectly alternating CO/ethene co-polymer. Several of the pre-catalyst complexes have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and factors common to both methyl propionate selective catalysts and co-polymer selective catalysts have been identified. The phosphine ligands chosen in this study all readily form complexes with Pd(_2)(dba)(_3). The complexes have the formula [(P-P)Pd(dba)] where the bidentate phosphine binds as a chelate ligand to a single palladium atom. The environment around the palladium is essentially trigonal planar, with only small dihedral angles between P(-2)Pd and PdC(_2) planes observed. Detailed studies of the reaction of the complexes [(L-L)Pd(alkene)] with methanesul- phonic acid have been undertaken. The reaction product is shown to depend on the nature of the diphosphine ligand and the alkene. The catalytic activity is discussed with reference to the ability of the reaction products to enter the catalytic cycle. The coordination chemistry of several diphosphines when mixed with Pd(II) salts has been studied. Several complexes have been characterised by X-ray crystallography and the features related to the observed catalytic activity. The reaction chemistry has also been explored and related to the observed catalysis. A mechanism which takes account of all the results reported in this thesis is presented
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Study the Effect of Silicone Gel Dressing and Pressure Therapy on Posttraumatic Hypertrophic Scars (2010)

To investigate the effect of pressure therapy (PG), silicone gel sheeting (SGS), and combined therapy on the management of posttraumatic hypertrophic scar (HS) using a randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 104 subjects with HS mostly resulting from burns and scald injuries (63 men and 41 women; average age: 21.8 +/- 18.7 years) were recruited from Jiangsu People's First Affiliated Hospital in Nanjing, China. The mean scar formation period was 14.9 +/- 30.8 months. All subjects were randomly allocated into four groups, namely the PG, SGS, combined PG and SGS groups, and single-blinded control group for the treatment of 6 months. Standardized scar assessments (pigmentation, vascularity, thickness, pain, and itchiness) were conducted before the intervention, 2, 4, and 6 months of the intervention, and 1 month after completion of the program, respectively, to observe the progress of the treatments. The results showed that the combined therapy seemed to be more effective in improving the thickness of scar after 2 months of intervention (P < .001). After 6 months of intervention, both the combined therapy group and the PG group showed significant improvement in scar thickness. The improvement in scar thickness was most significant in the combined therapy group. SGS was found to be more effective in alleviating the pain and pruritus rather than the scar thickness. This randomized clinical trial has demonstrated the evidence of the effect of combined PG and gel intervention on posttraumatic HS. The PG group showed an improvement in scar thickness too. Further studies are needed to investigate the biomechanical and physiological effect that PG and gel sheeting would exert on the scar tissues.
Search for emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium (2010)

About half of the baryons in the local Universe are not yet observed and are thought to reside in the intergalactic medium at temperatures of 0.1-10 million K and densities of 10-6 -10-4 cm-3 . This is called warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). In this paper, we summarize search for emission from the WHIM, and show prospects with future instruments. Using XIS instrument onboard Suzaku, we searched for redshifted OVII and OVIII WHIM emission lines, in cluster outskirts and superclusters: Shapley supercluster, Sculptor supercluster, A2218, A1413, A2142, A2052, and the Coma cluster. The chance for detecting a signal was estimated to be sufficient to motivate our search, given the relatively high density and high temperature expected for the WHIM in these regions. We did not detect the significant emission, but obtained upper limits in OVII and OVIII emission intensities for these clusters and superclusters. The density of the WHIM was constrained based on the upper limits, which is 200-300 times mean baryon density of the Universe. Future instruments such as microcalorimeters have much higher sensitivity for weak lines. In particular a combination of a microcalorimeter and large grasp (effective area times field of view) telescope is ideal for mapping of the WHIM. We created mock spectra that contain the WHIM, cosmic X-ray background and Galactic emission. Here we present our results concerning detectability and expected 3-d maps of the line emitting regions asssociated to the WHIM, with future missions such as EDGE/XENIA.
Use of copolar correlation coefficient for probing precipitation at nearly vertical incidence (1994)

Presents observations of the copolar correlation coefficient between horizontally and vertically polarized echoes |/spl rho//sub h/spl nu//(0)|. These were made with ground-based and airborne weather radars at nearly vertical incidence. A sharp decrease of |/spl rho//sub h/spl nu//(0)| occurs at the bright band bottom, and is attributed to a varying mixture of hydrometeors with diverse shape, size, and thermodynamic phase. The largest contribution to decorrelation seems to come from wet aggregates; this is substantiated by consideration of two simple models. One consists of randomly oriented wet prolate spheroids, and the other considers an ensemble of distorted spheres. Prolates with axis ratios of 3 or distorted spheres with rms roughness equal to 15% of the diameter decrease the correlation to 0.8 at S band. At Ku band and for the size range encountered in the bright band, the decrease is a function of equivalent diameter because scattering is in the Mie regime. |/spl rho//sub h/spl nu//(0)| measurement at 13.8 GHz and from the aircraft are the first ever. Also, differential phase and differential reflectivity at a 10/spl deg/ off nadir are the first of its kind. These last two variables showed a distinct signature in the bright band. This is significant because it might lead to applications on airborne or spaceborne platforms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ScalaBLAST 2.0: rapid and robust BLAST calculations on multiprocessor systems (2013)

BLAST remains one of the most widely used tools in computational biology. The rate at which new sequence data is available continues to grow exponentially, driving the emergence of new fields of biological research. At the same time, multicore systems and conventional clusters are more accessible. ScalaBLAST has been designed to run on conventional multiprocessor systems with an eye to extreme parallelism, enabling parallel BLAST calculations using >16 000 processing cores with a portable, robust, fault-resilient design that introduces little to no overhead with respect to serial BLAST.
Universally adjustable goniometer polishing device (1978)

A universally adjustable goniometer polishing device for precise single-crystal orientation and sample preparation is described. This device allows orientation and polishing of single surfaces as well as multifaceted crystals with defined surface orientation requiring only one orientation procedure. The simplicity and compact construction of this device further facilitate its use with other commercially available equipment for crystal orientation and polishing.
Quantitative evaluation of oxygenation in venous vessels using T2‐Relaxation‐Under‐Spin‐Tagging MRI (2008)

Noninvasive measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation can serve as a tool for better understanding fMRI signals and for clinical evaluation of brain oxygen homeostasis. In this study a novel technique, T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) MRI, is developed to estimate oxygenation in venous vessels. This method uses the spin labeling principle to automatically isolate pure blood signals from which T2 relaxation times are determined using flow-insensitive T2-preparation pulses. The blood T2 is then converted to blood oxygenation using a calibration plot. In vivo experiments gave a baseline venous oxygenation of 64.8 +/- 6.3% in sagittal sinus in healthy volunteers (n = 24). Reproducibility studies demonstrated that the standard deviation across trials was 2.0 +/- 1.1%. The effects of repetition time and inversion time selections were investigated. The TRUST technique was further tested using various physiologic challenges. Hypercapnia induced an increase in venous oxygenation by 13.8 +/- 1.1%. On the other hand, caffeine ingestion resulted in a decrease in oxygenation by 7.0 +/- 1.8%. Contrast agent infusion (Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg) reduced venous blood T2 by 11.2 ms. The results of this study show that TRUST MRI is a useful technique for quantitative assessment of blood oxygenation in the brain.
Production and Preclinical Evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 <sub>19</sub> and MSP-3 <sub>11</sub> Chimeric Protein, PfMSP-Fu <sub>24</sub> (2014)

A Plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein, PfMSP-Fu24, was constructed by genetically coupling immunodominant, conserved regions of two merozoite surface proteins, the 19-kDa region C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP-119) and an 11-kDa conserved region of merozoite surface protein 3 (PfMSP-311), to augment the immunogenicity potential of these blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates. Here we describe an improved, efficient, and scalable process to produce high-quality PfMSP-Fu24. The chimeric protein was produced in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 Express lysY cells that express disulfide isomerase DsbC. A two-step purification process comprising metal affinity followed by cation exchange chromatography was developed, and we were able to obtain PfMSP-Fu24 with purity above 99% and with a considerable yield of 23 mg/liter. Immunogenicity of PfMSP-Fu24 formulated with several adjuvants, including Adjuplex, Alhydrogel, Adjuphos, Alhydrogel plus glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant, aqueous (GLA-AF), Adjuphos+GLA-AF, glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion (GLA-SE), and Freund's adjuvant, was evaluated. PfMSP-Fu24 formulated with GLA-SE and Freund's adjuvant in mice and with Alhydrogel and Freund's adjuvant in rabbits produced high titers of PfMSP-119 and PfMSP-311-specific functional antibodies. Some of the adjuvant formulations induced inhibitory antibody responses and inhibited in vitro growth of P. falciparum parasites in the presence as well as in the absence of human monocytes. These results suggest that PfMSP-Fu24 can form a constituent of a multistage malaria vaccine.
Simultaneous characterization of the quality and orientation of cylindrical lens surfaces (2005)

A diffractive grazing-incidence interferometer for the test of cylindrical lenses is described. Besides surface aberrations from the ideal shape, the interferometer allows for the simultaneous determination of the relative position and orientation of surfaces to another. The measurement principle as well as a classification of deviation types is given. Measurement results for planar concave lenses are presented.
The PPP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol (OSINLCP) (1992)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point links.PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and proposes a family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols.This document defines the NCP for establishing and configuring OSI Network Layer Protocols.
Representation models for text classification (2012)

Text classification constitutes a popular task in Web research with various applications that range from spam filtering to sentiment analysis. To address it, patterns of co-occurring words or characters are typically extracted from the textual content of Web documents. However, not all documents are of the same quality; for example, the curated content of news articles usually entails lower levels of noise than the user-generated content of the blog posts and the other Social Media.
System-in-package for extreme environments (2008)

The moon and Mars are extreme environments for electronics in terms of both low temperatures and wide temperature extremes. A system-in-package (SiP) approach has been chosen to build electronics capable of operating in these extreme environments without the need for warm electronics boxes to maintain an earth-like environment. The SiP is based on thin film copper/polyimide substrate technology with embedded passive components. Both wire bond and flip chip assembly are being used. The assembly is hermetically packaged in an alumina package.
Intangible Assets and Value Creation (2002)

List of Interviews. Foreword. Foreward to the German edition. About the Author. Introduction. PART 1. NEW CORPORATE VALUES. Intangible Assets: The Foundation of a New Economy. New Corporate Success Factors. PART 2. THE NEW ENTERPRISE. Openness and Transparency as Success Factors. Value Creation through Structural Capital. PART 3. NEW MANAGEMENT. New Value Drivers Require a New Management Approach. Architecture and Elements of the New Management System. The New Performance Measurement and Accounting System. New Management Processes and Concepts for the New Management System. Implementing the New Management System New Roles for Managers. PART 4. EPILOGUE. Intangible Assets and the Wealth of Nations. Bibliography. Index.
Natural language dialogue for personalized interaction (2000)

he pragmatic goal of natural language (NL) and multimodal interfaces (speech recognition, keyboard entry, pointing, among others) is to enable ease-of-use for users/customers in performing more sophisticated human-computer interactions (HCI). NL research attempts to define extensive discourse models that in turn provide improved models of context-enabling HCI and personalization. Customers have the initiative to Technologies that successfully recognize and react to spoken or typed words are key to true personalization. Front-and back-end systems must respond in accord, and one solution may be found somewhere in the middle(ware).
[Structure and function of bone cells]. (1994)

Bone modeling and remodeling as well as systemic calcium homeostasis are modulated predominantly by bone cells such as mesencymal-derived osteoblasts and osteocytes and haematopoietic-derived osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are classified into preosteoblasts, mature osteoblasts and bone lining cells (BLC) based on their cell structures and biological functions. Preosteoblasts appear to regulate the activities of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as to differentiate into mature osteoblasts. Cuboidal mature osteoblasts show well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and synthesize actively major bone matrix proteins including type I collagen, osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin. Unlike mature osteoblasts, BLCs display flattened cell bodies and few cell organelle, therefore, indicating less activities. These osteoblasts communicate through gap junctions and adheres junctions with each other or with osteocytes, consequently forming three-dimensional cellular network in the bone tissues. In contrast, osteocytes, compacted cell type embedded in the bone matrix, provide a cellular environment in the bone matrix by means of their numerous cytoplasmic processes. Moreover, it is likely that they participate in calcium transport from bone matrix to tissue fluid, that is "osteocytic osteolysis". Osteoclasts, multinucleated giant cells with ruffled borders and clear zones, are responsible for bone resorption, although probably they are controlled by surrounding osteoblast phenotype. Active osteoclasts secrete H+ and proteolytic enzyme such as cathepsin and ACPase towards resorption pits through ruffled borders. These bone cells play an important role in bone modeling and remodeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Concept and Early Development of Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advances in the management of orbital fractures. (1992)

Great progress has been made in both the basic science and the clinical knowledge base used in orbital reconstruction. With this, increasing complex orbital reconstructive problems are better managed. The diagnosis, treatment plan, and the actual reconstruction have evolved to a higher level. Several areas of progress are of note: the greater appreciation of the intimate relation between the bony orbit's shape and the position of the globe; application of computer technology in orbital injuries; effect of rigid fixation on autogenous and alloplastic graft; and the use of advanced biocompatible synthetic materials in orbital reconstruction. Although this progress has great impact on treatment of orbital injuries, there are many unanswered challenges in the treatment of the fragile frame of the window to the human soul.
Inter-vehicle communications - research report (2008)

In order to define vehicle communications, one must first differentiate the different types of communication that may occur. Mainly, there are two types of vehicle communication: * Intra-vehicle communication reference communications that occur within a vehicle. * Inter-vehicle communication represents communications between vehicles or vehicles and sensors placed in or on various locations, such as roadways, signs, parking areas, and even the home garage. In the rest of this paper, we will only focus on inter-vehicle communications. The primary modes of communication in this category are the following: * Vehicle to/from roadside communication mode requires using roadside transponders. Vehicle to/from roadside communication supports both vehicle-specific data as well as locally relevant data broadcast to vehicles. This category is referred to as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. * Vehicle to/from vehicle communication mode includes in-line communications with neighbouring vehicles (including those travelling in the opposite direction and those travelling in the same lane). This category is referred to as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication.
Molecular Cloning of Mouse Amino Acid Transport System B0, a Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Related to Hartnup Disorder (2004)

Resorption of amino acids in kidney and intestine is mediated by transporters, which prefer groups of amino acids with similar physico-chemical properties. It is generally assumed that most neutral amino acids are transported across the apical membrane of epithelial cells by system B(0). Here we have characterized a novel member of the Na(+)-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family (B(0)AT1) isolated from mouse kidney, which shows all properties of system B(0). Flux experiments showed that the transporter is Na(+)-dependent, electrogenic, and actively transports most neutral amino acids but not anionic or cationic amino acids. Superfusion of mB(0)AT1-expressing oocytes with neutral amino acids generated inward currents, which were proportional to the fluxes observed with labeled amino acids. In situ hybridization showed strong expression in intestinal microvilli and in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Expression of mouse B(0)AT1 was restricted to kidney, intestine, and skin. It is generally assumed that mutations of the system B(0) transporter underlie autosomal recessive Hartnup disorder. In support of this notion mB(0)AT1 is located on mouse chromosome 13 in a region syntenic to human chromosome 5p15, the locus of Hartnup disorder. Thus, the human homologue of this transporter is an excellent functional and positional candidate for Hartnup disorder.
Current medical treatment for facial palsy. (1984)

Medical treatment for facial palsy includes an accurate diagnosis and reliable estimate of prognosis as well as appropriate medication. Cranial polyneuritis (Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome), the most common cause of facial palsy, is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease best treated by parenteral steroids without surgical intervention. The antiviral agent acyclovir is now being tested as an adjunct to or replacement for steroid therapy. Trauma, the second most common cause of facial palsy, is often treated with steroids, but no controlled study has ever been performed. However, animal experiments clearly demonstrate that steroid treatment of a compressed facial nerve accelerates repair of the mechanical injury and decreases time of recovery. Acute otitis media with facial palsy is best treated with myringotomy, appropriate antibiotics, and steroid therapy. The use of steroids with antibiotics improves the resolution of middle ear exudate fourfold, compared with the use of antibiotics alone. Other treatment modes in selected cases are discussed. Physiotherapy in the form of electrical stimulation of the facial muscles is not advised.
The Type VI Secretion System: A Multipurpose Delivery System with a Phage-Like Machinery (2011)

Whether they live in the soil, drift in the ocean, survive in the lungs of human hosts or reside on the surfaces of leaves, all bacteria must cope with an array of environmental stressors. Bacteria have evolved an impressive suite of protein secretion systems that enable their survival in hostile environments and facilitate colonization of eukaryotic hosts. Collectively, gram-negative bacteria produce six distinct secretion systems that deliver proteins to the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytosol of host cells. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) was discovered recently and is encoded in at least one fourth of all sequenced gram-negative bacterial genomes. T6SS proteins are evolutionarily and structurally related to phage proteins, and it is likely that the T6SS apparatus is reminiscent of phage injection machinery. Most studies of T6SS function have been conducted in the context of host-pathogen interactions. However, the totality of data suggests that the T6SS is a versatile tool with roles in virulence, symbiosis, interbacterial interactions, and antipathogenesis. This review gives a brief history of T6SS discovery and an overview of the pathway's predicted structure and function. Special attention is paid to research addressing the T6SS of plant-associated bacteria, including pathogens, symbionts and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.