gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Don't call them middleboxes, call them middlepipes (2014)

As interest grows in introducing network functions---middleboxes---to Platform as a Service (PaaS) clouds, it is tempting to treat them as normal PaaS services. However, the PaaS service abstraction lacks sufficient support for middlebox services. For example, network functions may require proximity to data sources for efficient snooping or request rewriting, or access to raw packets rather than application-level requests. Instead, we propose a new network function abstraction to PaaS clouds called middlepipes. True to PaaS philosophy, middlepipes are sufficiently high level for application developers to forget about details like packets vs. requests and data source proximity. Middlepipes can be chained together to cooperatively interpose on traffic between applications and services. Furthermore, they can generate callbacks into applications; in this paper, we describe the middlepipe PaaS architecture in the context of a "circuit breaker" network function.
Structure-based analysis of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D and its HveA /HVEM receptor (2003)

The expressions of Th1 associated cytokines, especially soluble cytokine IFN-γ, increased in brain and spinal cord injury. The up-regulated T-bet and HLX expressions were only observed in spinal injury.
Fat-Btree: an update-conscious parallel directory structure (1999)

We propose a parallel directory structure, Fat-Btree, to improve high speed access for parallel database systems in shared nothing environments. The Fat-Btree has a threefold aim: to provide an indexing mechanism for fast retrieval in each processor; to balance the amount of data among distributed disks, and to reduce synchronization costs between processors during update operations. We use a probability based model to compare the throughput and response time of the Fat-Btree with two ordinary parallel Btree structures, with copies of a whole Btree in each processor and storing index nodes in a processor. The comparison results indicate that the Fat-Btree is suitable for actual parallel database systems that accept update operations.
The Juxtaposed approximate PageRank method for robust PageRank approximation in a peer-to-peer web search network (2007)

We present Juxtaposed approximate PageRank (JXP), a distributed algorithm for computing PageRank-style authority scores of Web pages on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Unlike previous algorithms, JXP allows peers to have overlapping content and requires no a priori knowledge of other peers’ content. Our algorithm combines locally computed authority scores with information obtained from other peers by means of random meetings among the peers in the network. This computation is based on a Markov-chain state-lumping technique, and iteratively approximates global authority scores. The algorithm scales with the number of peers in the network and we show that the JXP scores converge to the true PageRank scores that one would obtain with a centralized algorithm. Finally, we show how to deal with misbehaving peers by extending JXP with a reputation model.
Novel production method and <i>in‐vitro</i> cell compatibility of porous Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy disk for hard tissue engineering (2007)

Porous metals are attractive due to its unique physical, mechanical, and new bone tissue ingrowth properties. In the present study, the production of highly porous Ti-6Al-4V parts by powder metallurgical technology and subsequently it's uses in in vitro bone tissue engineering is described. A space-holder method using carbamide with different particle size to produce parts with porosities between 35 and 70% were applied. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of porous Ti-6Al-4V were determined. Results indicated that stress and Young's modulus decrease with increasing porosity and pore size. The porous parts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, study was to investigate the effects of three different porosities of porous Ti-6Al-4V (35, 50, and 70%) on proliferation, differentiation, and cell-matrix interaction of mouse osteoblast-like cells, MC-3T3. Results showed that the cell proliferation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on 70% porous Ti-6Al-4V. However, synthesis of different types of extra cellular matrix proteins was also more abundant on 70% porous Ti-6Al-4V than 35 and 50% porous Ti-6Al-4V disk except some specific proteins. An increase in alkaline phosphate activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on 70 and 50% porous Ti-6Al-4V disk after 12 days of MC-3T3 cells incubation. Above all, results indicated that porosity (nearly 70%) of porous Ti-6Al-4V topography affects proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like MC-3T3 cells. The results showed that this novel process is a promise to fabricate porous biomaterials for bone implants.
11. Drill-Hole Electromagnetic Methods (1991)

INTRODUCTION Application of drill-hole electromagnetic (EM) techniques used in exploring for bodies of conductive mineralization, can detect and define the conductive target itself or other geologic features (for example, fault zones) which may lead indirectly to discovery of a mineralized deposit. Drill-hole applications can be broadly defined to include any configuration where either the source or the receiver (or both) is submersed in the lower half-space. While this conceptual definition includes underground work in mines with conventional surface equipment, often man-made installations (metallic pipes, tracks, etc.) preclude such work. Accordingly, a drill hole is required to allow entry of all or part of the prospecting system into the ground. Such drill holes may be collared either on surface or in underground workings. Drill-hole applications could be considered the basis for the generalized problem of EM prospecting in that no geometric specifications can be predefined. Surface applications are more restricted because, as is known beforehand, both the transmitter and receiver are confined to the surface (or slightly above it in airborne applications) and therefore can be assumed to lie in the same, roughly horizontal, plane. In principle, similar restrictions in geometry cannot be assumed for borehole applications. Therefore instrumentation, operational procedures, and interpretation facilities must be designed to accommodate many different geometries. However, any particular system is, at least in part, confined even more tightly than on surface. Therefore, from an operational point of view, borehole methods could be considered specialized. Specialized equipment is needed because of the hostile environment of the drill hole, the relatively low occurrence of application compared to surface methods, and because of the geometric restrictions of the drill hole (for example, tilt of the field cannot be measured by geometric nulling).
Smart Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Nano-Filtration (2016)

Chemistry of injected water can modify the wettability behaviour of carbonate reservoirs. Wettability modification towards more water-wet reservoir rocks results in increased oil production. Smart water production by selective ionic water content is a major developing area in current enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Technical limitations for smart water production for EOR using seawater as feed for membranes are described in this paper. Desired characteristics of smart water for injection into carbonate reservoirs are low Na + and Cl -and high divalent ion concentrations. Wettability alteration by smart water occurs due to symbiotic behaviour of Ca 2+ , SO 4 2-and Mg 2+ ions and the carboxylic material of the reservoir rock surface.
Interactions of the Sponge-Derived Antimitotic Tripeptide Hemiasterlin with Tubulin:  Comparison with Dolastatin 10 and Cryptophycin 1 (1999)

The sponge-derived antimitotic tripeptide hemiasterlin was previously shown to inhibit tubulin polymerization. We have now demonstrated that hemiasterlin resembles most other antimitotic peptides in noncompetitively inhibiting the binding of vinblastine to tubulin (apparent K(i) value, 7.0 microM), competitively inhibiting the binding of dolastatin 10 to tubulin (apparent K(i) value, 2.0 microM), stabilizing the colchicine binding activity of tubulin, inhibiting nucleotide exchange on beta-tubulin, and inducing the formation of tubulin oligomers that are stable to gel filtration in the absence of free drug, even at low drug concentrations. The tubulin oligomerization reaction induced by hemiasterlin was compared to the reactions induced by dolastatin 10 and cryptophycin 1. Like dolastatin 10, hemiasterlin induced formation of a tubulin aggregate that had the morphological appearance primarily of ring-like structures with a diameter of about 40 nm, while the morphology of the cryptophycin 1 aggregate consisted primarily of smaller rings (diameter about 30 nm). However, the hemiasterlin aggregate differed from the dolastatin 10 aggregate in that its formation was not associated with turbidity development, and the morphology of the hemiasterlin aggregate (as opposed to the dolastatin 10 aggregate) did not change greatly when microtubule-associated proteins were present (tight coils and pinwheels are observed with dolastatin 10 but not with hemiasterlin or cryptophycin 1). Opacification of tubulin-dolastatin 10 mixtures was inhibited by hemiasterlin at 22 degrees C and stimulated at 0 degrees C, while cryptophycin 1 was inhibitory at both reaction temperatures.
Novel indole inhibitors of IMPDH from fragments: Synthesis and initial structure–activity relationships (2006)

The elaboration of previously reported indole fragments as inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for IMPDH II, PBMC proliferation and physicochemical properties are discussed.
Combination of tunicamycin with anticancer drugs synergistically enhances their toxicity in multidrug-resistant human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma cells (2007)

It is concluded that the pharmacomodulatory effects of TM in these cells are mediated by global inhibition of protein and glycoprotein synthesis and synergistic interaction with antineoplastic drugs. The ability of TM to enhance the sensitivity of drug resistant tumour cells may have impact on the design and optimization of novel resistance modifiers to improve the efficacy of combination treatment of intractable neoplasms.
Towards a specific characterisation of components on a cell surface—combined TERS‐investigations of lipids and human cells (2009)

Abstract Supported lipid structures and human cells (human dermal derived keratinocyte, HaCaT) were investigated using tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to use the high spatial resolution capabilities of TERS, which is assumed to be less than 10 nm, to determine specific components on the cell surface. As lipids are a main component of cellular membranes, the correlation of spectral properties of pure lipids with respect to the complex biological sample was investigated. Induced by dynamic structural changes as well as nanoscale effects, a particular spectral feature of the lipid TERS spectra is found to vary, and a similar spectral deviation appears among the TERS spectra measured on the cell. Modifications of the cell surface alone cannot cause such behaviour. In contrast to soft lipid agglomerates, the cells were fixed and therefore hampered for intrinsic structural changes. Hence, the main contribution for the cell TERS spectra variation results from nanoscale effects, determined by different spectral characteristics compared to conventional Raman spectroscopy. The present results demonstrate the capability of TERS to provide a detailed and fast insight into the composition of the cell surface, even allowing the detection of single components. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proliferative responses and gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor production by lymphocytes isolated from tracheobroncheal lymph nodes and spleen of mice aerosol infected with Bordetella pertussis (1992)

A group of mice was aerosol infected with live, virulent Bordetella pertussis bacteria. During a period of 7 weeks following the infection, with intervals of 1 week, lymphocytes were isolated from the tracheobroncheal lymph nodes (TBL) and the spleens (SPL) of the infected mice. The in vitro proliferative responses as well as the gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor production levels of the isolated lymphocytes in response to stimulation with whole killed B. pertussis bacteria were measured as parameters for cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The course of the infection was monitored by counting of CFU in the lungs of the mice. Moreover, antibody responses in serum against a range of B. pertussis antigens were assessed. The results showed that a vigorous proliferative response of the TBL and SPL to stimulation with whole killed B. pertussis bacteria was induced by the infection. The proliferative response of the TBL was significantly higher than the response of the SPL. The proliferative responses were maximal 3 to 4 weeks after the infection and were paralleled by in vitro gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor production upon specific stimulation. The development of the CMI was observed simultaneously with the clearance of the infection from the lungs. Antibody responses became measurable in the sera only after the infection was cleared. A specific CMI against pertussis toxin, the filamentous hemagglutinin, the 69-kDa outer membrane protein, and the agglutinogens 2 and 3, antigens which are under consideration for inclusion in future acellular pertussis vaccines, was successfully demonstrated in mice 3 weeks after the infection.
Gene Expression of the Na<sup>+</sup>–Ca<sup>2+</sup> Exchanger, SERCA2a and Calsequestrin after Myocardial Ischemia in the Neonatal Rabbit Heart (2006)

These findings suggest that changes in gene expression of calcium handling proteins may be involved in the different susceptibility of neonatal compared to adult hearts to developing myocardial dysfunction after ischemia.
Further Observations on the Effects of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents on the <italic>in Vitro</italic> Dehydrogenase Activity of Cancer Tissue<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref> (1954)

Journal Article Further Observations on the Effects of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents on the in Vitro Dehydrogenase Activity of Cancer Tissue Get access Maurice M. Black, M.D., Maurice M. Black, M.D. Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis D. Speer, M.D. Francis D. Speer, M.D. Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 5, April 1954, Pages 1147–1158, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.5.1147 Published: 01 April 1954 Article history Received: 06 November 1953 Published: 01 April 1954
Biosynthesis and function of LFA-3 in human mutant cells deficient in phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. (1988)

Mutants that lack expression of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored proteins were derived from the human B lymphoblastoid JY cell line. It was demonstrated that unlike wild-type cells, which normally express both a transmembrane and a PI-linked form of LFA-3 glycoprotein, the mutant cells expressed only the transmembrane form of LFA-3. [3H]Ethanolamine was not incorporated into LFA-3 of mutant cells, indicating that the anchor moiety was entirely missing. Blockade of normal biosynthesis of the PI-anchored form led to accumulation of two intermediates that may have intact and truncated polypeptide chains. The truncated LFA-3, which was not attached to the cell membrane, was secreted by mutant cells into culture supernatants. A possible division of adhesion function between the two forms of LFA-3 was studied by using the JY cell lines as targets for CTL. Wild-type and mutant JY cells formed conjugates with CTL and were subsequently lysed to a similar extent. In addition, wild-type and mutant JY cells stimulated CTL proliferation to the same extent. Antibody-blocking experiments demonstrated a predominant role for the CD2/LFA-3 pathway in interaction of both wild-type and mutant cells with CTL. Because E exclusively express only the PI-linked LFA-3 form, and this form is known to mediate cell adhesion, the present results indicate that the two distinct membrane-anchored LFA-3 forms are each capable of mediating adhesion. A possible division of signaling functions between the two forms of LFA-3 is under investigation.
Comparison of Second-Strand Transfer Requirements and RNase H Cleavages Catalyzed by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and E478Q RT (2000)

Truncated tRNA-DNA mimics were examined in an in vitro assay for second-strand transfer during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription. Strand transfer in this system requires the progressive degradation of the RNA within the 18-mer tRNA-DNA (plus-strand strong stop DNA) intermediate to products approximately 8 nucleotides in length. The ability of the truncated substrates to substitute for directional processing by RNase H or reverse transcriptase (RT) was examined. Using wild-type HIV-1 RT, substrates which truncated the 5' end of the tRNA primer by 6, 9, and 12 nucleotides (Delta6, Delta9, and Delta12, respectively) were recognized by RNase H and resulted in strand transfer. An overlap of 5 nucleotides between the acceptor and newly synthesized DNA template was sufficient for strand transfer. The mutant RT, E478Q correctly catalyzed the initial cleavage of the 18-mer tRNA-DNA mimic in the presence of Mn(2+); however, no directional processing was observed. In contrast, no RNase H activity was observed with the Delta6, Delta9, and Delta12 substrates with E478Q RT in this strand transfer assay. However, when complemented with Escherichia coli RNase H, E478Q RT supported strand transfer with the truncated substrates. E478Q RT did cleave the truncated forms of the substrates, Delta6, Delta9, and Delta12, in a polymerase-independent assay. The size requirements of the substrates which were cleaved by the polymerase-independent RNase H activity of E478Q RT are defined.
14–3-3 integrates prosurvival signals mediated by the AKT and MAPK pathways in ZNF198-FGFR1–transformed hematopoietic cells (2007)

Human 8p11 stem cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome usually presents as a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) that evolves to acute myeloid leukemia and/or lymphoma. The syndrome associated with t(8;13)(p11;q12) results in expression of the ZNF198-FGFR1 fusion tyrosine kinase that plays a pathogenic role in hematopoietic transformation. We found that ZNF198-FGFR1 activated both the AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) prosurvival signaling pathways, resulting in elevated phosphorylation of the AKT target FOXO3a at T32 and BAD at S112, respectively. These phosphorylated residues subsequently sequestered the proapoptotic FOXO3a and BAD to 14-3-3 to prevent apoptosis. We used a peptide-based 14-3-3 competitive antagonist, R18, to disrupt 14-3-3-ligand association. Expression of R18 effectively induced apoptosis in hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells transformed by ZNF198-FGFR1 compared with control cells. Moreover, purified recombinant transactivator of transcription (TAT)-conjugated R18 proteins effectively transduced into human leukemia cells and induced significant apoptosis in KG-1a cells expressing FGFR1OP2-FGFR1 fusion tyrosine kinase but not in control HL-60 and Jurkat T cells. Surprisingly, R18 was only able to dissociate FOXO3a, but not BAD as previously proposed, from 14-3-3 binding and induced apoptosis partially through liberation and reactivation of FOXO3a. Our findings suggest that 14-3-3 integrates prosurvival signals in FGFR1 fusion-transformed hematopoietic cells. Disrupting 14-3-3-ligand association may represent an effective therapeutic strategy to treat 8p11 stem cell MPD.
Wireless network directions (1991)

The evolution of cordless technology and cellular networks is briefly related. The emergence of personal communication networks (PCNs) and the role of national policies and standards are discussed. Technologies for implementing PCNs are examined, and major challenges are noted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Training sequence based multiuser channel identification for cochannel interference cancellation in GSM (2003)

We address the problem of the joint identification of the channel impulse responses of almost-synchronous cochannel users. This problem arises in a cellular system using the time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme where the base stations are assumed to be synchronized and the radius of the cells is limited to a few kilometers. After the partial equalization of the transmit pulse shape filter which compensates for the intersymbol interference (ISI) introduced by the GMSK modulation (used in GSM), the receiver should detect the active training sequences by a synchronization step and then estimates the corresponding channel impulse responses by the standard least squares (LS) method. The spatio-temporal receiver used in our simulations for demodulating the signal of interest modeling the interferers as Gaussian colored noise is the interference cancelling matched filter (ICMF) which we introduced previously.
Site‐specific Effects of Testosterone Propionate on the Prostate of Rat Pretreated with 3,2′‐Dimethyl‐4‐aminobiphenyl:Dose‐dependent Induction of Invasive Carcinomas (1995)

It has been shown that testosterone propionate (TP) strongly promotes induction of invasive carcinomas in previously initiated accessory sex organs. In this study, in order to clarify the dose-dependence of this promotion, TP was given at 3 different levels (high, medium or low doses) using different sizes (2, 1 and 0.5 cm long) of Silastic tube for 40 weeks after administration of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl to male F344 rats. The data showed development of invasive carcinomas in the dorso-lateral and anterior prostate and in the seminal vesicle to be dose-dependent with the high dose of TP being most effective for tumor induction. Average levels of serum testosterone were approximately 800, 600, 300 and 150 ng/dl in rats given the high to low doses and in control rats, respectively. Development of neoplastic lesions in the ventral prostate demonstrated an inverse dependence on the dose of TP. These findings, together with previous data, suggest that the tumor-promoting potential of TP on rat prostate is unlikely to be simply due to its androgenic action and other factors should also be considered.