gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of full-wafer/full-batch CD uniformity using electrical linewidth measurements (2001)

A novel analysis methodology, for the breakdown and ranking of the different sources of line width variation, is presented. The method is applied both on the level of an individual wafer, and on multiple wafers in a batch. It enables evaluation of the exposure tool performance in relation to other contributors to line width variation. Separation of the contribution of the exposure tool component from other sources of line width errors, requires sufficiently dense and accurate sampling of the CD variation across a wafer, because of the statistical confidence needed in the budget breakdown analysis. These requirements are met by taking advantage of the excellent performance of Electrical Line Width Measurements in terms of repeatability and data acquisition speed. The exposure tool is found to be only responsible for a limited part of the total CD uniformity across the batch. The largest contributors are reticle and processing components at individual wafer level and the CD offset between the wafers at batch level. The resist process component is larger than expected due to a dominating swirl shaped artifact caus4ed by non optimal track performance. A refined analysis of the full wafer CD uniformity was focused on the systematic contributions from the H-V difference and scan direction. Both of these components appear to be only a small part of the intra die budget.
A multi-layer classifier for recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals (2002)

A hierarchical architecture for recognition of the unconstrained handwritten numerals is proposed. In the first stage of preclassification, a set of structural features named four-zone codes is adopted to preclassify the numerals. Due to the large degree of data and distortion of characters, it is possible to classify two different numerals with same features into a class. A secondary preclassification that utilizes topological stroke features is presented to solve this ambiguity. In order to promote the recognition rate to be a practical OCR system, a three layer Bayesian neural network with 20 dimensional global feature vectors is designed for fine classification of the confusing classes. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the proposed hierarchical OCR system for handwritten numerals is over 99.82% based on 15423 samples.
Physical perturbation for fluorescent characterization of microorganism particles (2000)

The motivation for using response to physical perturbation to classify microparticles came from our previous experiments with Dipicolinic Acid (DPA). DPA as a calcium complex is a major component of bacterial spores, constituting more than 5% of their dry weight. It is not commonly found in other natural products and therefore its presence is indicative of the presence of bacterial spores. Previous schemes utilizing the presence of DPA to detect these spores have relied on fluorescence which occurs when lanthanide metals (e.g., terbium) are added to a solution where the presence of DPA is to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that changes in the fluorescence of DPA can be stimulated without the addition of such reagents. Thus after exposure to UV light, a substantial increase of fluorescence emitted by DPA solutions with a peak at 410 nm occurs for excitation light with wavelength less than approximately 305 nm.
Predominant type-2 response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection demonstrated by cytokine flow cytometry (2000)

Acute RSV infection in infancy may produce some asthma-like symptoms and may be followed by a recurrent wheeze later in childhood. It has been proposed that RSV infection stimulates type-2 cytokine responses, resembling those found in atopy and asthma. Peripheral blood cells were obtained from RSV-infected infants (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 10). After in vitro restimulation of the cells, intracellular IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were measured by flow cytometry. The cells from RSV-infected infants produced more IL-4 and less IFN-gamma than those from healthy controls. IL-4 production was more frequent in CD8 than in CD4 cells, and the bias toward IL-4 production was greatest in infants with mild infections, whereas IFN-gamma production increased with disease severity. Our conclusions are that RSV infection is associated with IL-4 production in peripheral T cells, and that peripheral blood in infants with severe disease may be depleted of cytokine-producing cells.
Vaccination of turkey poults against pathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1997)

A vaccine made of bacterial membranes which form vesicles has been developed in our laboratory and found to be effective in protecting chickens against challenge with pathogenic E. coli. In the present study we monitored maternal anti-5. coli antibody in turkey poults and found that although at hatch the antibody titre was relatively high, it decreased gradually to a low level by 14 days of age and remained low up to 31 days of age. Both intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccination with membrane vesicles (MV) resulted in increased antibody titres. Poults with high antibody titres could survive challenge with the pathogenic bacteria. Serum from vaccinated poults reduced E. coli bacterial growth rate when added to the growth medium at a high concentration, whereas serum from non-vaccinated poults did not. Lymphocytes from vaccinated poults responded with an increased rate of blastogenesis when MV was added to the cultures. Lymphocytes from non-vaccinated poults were not stimulated to blastogenesis. We concluded that MV can be used as a vaccine to render poults resistant to E. coli by evoking antibody production, stimulating the bacterial-lysis activity of complement, stimulating T cells to proliferate and stimulating cytotoxic T cells involved in disease resistance.
Molecular Mechanism for Changes in Proteoglycan Binding on Compositional Changes of the Core and the Surface of Low-Density Lipoprotein–Containing Human Apolipoprotein B100 (2004)

Site A in apoB100 becomes functional in sPLA2-modified LDL and acts cooperatively with site B resulting in increased proteoglycan-binding activity. The increased binding for proteoglycans of cholesterol-enriched LDL is solely dependent on site B.
Cross-Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Weakly-Supervised Action Localization (2021)

Temporally localizing actions in videos is one of the key components for video understanding. Learning from weakly-labeled data is seen as a potential solution towards avoiding expensive frame-level annotations. Different from other works, which only depend on the visual-modality, we propose to learn richer audio-visual representations for weakly-supervised action localization. First, we propose a multi-stage cross-attention mechanism to collaboratively fuse audio and visual features, which preserves the intra-modal characteristics. Second, to model both foreground and background frames, we construct an open-max classifier, which treats the background class as an open-set. Third, for precise action localization, we design consistency losses to enforce temporal continuity for the action-class prediction, and also help with foreground-prediction reliability. Extensive experiments on two publicly available video-datasets (AVE and ActivityNet1.2) show that the proposed method effectively fuses audio and visual modalities, and achieves the state-of-the-art results for weakly-supervised action localization.
Synthesis and luminescent properties of rare earth complexes of 6 ',6 ''-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,2 : 4 ',4 '': 2 '',2 '''-quaterpyridine (2005)

Two series of solid complexes of rare earth nitrates and picrates with the "back-to-back" terpyridine, 6',6"-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,2':4',4":2",2"'-quaterpyridine (L) have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the Eu(III) and Tb(M) complexes were also studied.
Molecular phylogeny of Oryzeae (Poaceae) based on DNA sequences from chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genomes (2005)

The phylogeny and evolutionary history of the rice tribe (Oryzeae) were explored using sequences of five DNA fragments (matK, trnL, nad1, Adh2, and GPA1) from chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genomes. Results indicate that (1) Oryzeae is monophyletic and falls into two main clades corresponding to the traditionally recognized subtribes; (2) previous recognition of three monotypic genera (Hydrochloa, Porteresia, and Prosphytochloa) is not justified; and (3) close affinities of the monoecious genera are not supported, suggesting the possibility of multiple origins of unisexual florets. Based on the magnitude of matK and GPA1 sequence divergence, we suggest that Oryza and Leersia branched off from the remaining genera of Oryzeae ∼20 million years ago (mya), and separated from each other ∼14 mya. A divergence time of ∼9 mya is obtained for the most basal split within Oryza. These estimates suggest that Oryzeae diverged during the Miocene, and thus imply that long-distance dispersal appears to be one of the important factors in the diversification of the tribe.
Folic acid and creatine improve the firmness of human skin in vivo (2011)

Employing MPLSM, dermal changes occurring in photo-aged human skin were visualized in an unprecedented manner and correlated to a loss of firmness. Treatment of aged skin with a topical formulation containing folic acid and creatine counteracted this age-dependent decline by exerting sustained effects on collagen metabolism. Our results support previous findings on the efficacy of these actives.
A Storage Slab Allocator for Disk Storage Management in File System (2009)

Absorbing the slab idea for memory management, this paper presents a novel technique for the disk storage management called a storage slab allocator. A storage slab allocator doesnpsilat discard the file layout during the process of deleting files, but reuses the free file layout while creating, thereby both block allocation and release will be speeded up. The file layout is the cached-object as the free storage management unit. It maintains the free blocks and their relations. The prototype system is implemented based on Ext3 and tests are also done. Measured performance results are very promising. Compared with Ext3, the allocation performance is improved to about double times and bigger file deletion is improved to hundreds of times; meanwhile, the CPU utilization is reduced to about 40%.
The Role of JNK Proteins in Metabolism (2010)

The stress-activated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Intricate tissue-specific tweaking of JNK activity in preclinical models of metabolic diseases reveals a complex interplay among local and systemic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Synthesis of these entangled effects illustrates that for JNK inhibitors to have therapeutic impact, they must function in multiple cell types to modulate JNK activity.
Studies on the Food and Feeding Habits of Swamp Deer (<i>Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii</i>) in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India (2013)

Food habits of the swamp deer ( Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii ) were studied in and around Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand, for two years. This population (320 in number) was recently rediscovered in the state (2005) and warranted an ecological study because the habitat around this study area is heavily fragmented due to expansion of agriculture, habitation, and various other land use practices. Therefore, this study was initiated by the major objective of studying seasonal variation in food habits of swamp deer. Proportionate food consumption was studied using feeding quadrat method. The study reveals that the overall diet of swamp deer consisted mainly of graminoids (grasses and sedges) and herbs (terrestrial and aquatic). In the protected areas studied earlier, the swamp deer habitat was dominated by grasses, and hence they were reported to be predominantly a grazer who occasionally fed on aquatic plants (Schaller 1967 and others). In contrast, at Jhilmil, the area also has equal presence of other plant types namely, sedges and terrestrial herbs. This resulted in polyphagous feeding habit of animal here.
Micro motor based new type of endoscope (2002)

The application of micro electro mechanical systems in the field of biomedical engineering is a new technological field, which accords with minimally invasive surgery. Applying a micro motor, with a diameter of only 2 mm, as the driving device of this system, the authors present a new type of medical endoscope whose diagnosing tube front tip can work automatically.
Phosphatases modulate the bistable sporulation gene expression pattern in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2005)

Summary Spore formation in the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a last resort adaptive response to starvation. To initiate sporulation, the key regulator in this process, Spo0A, needs to be activated by the so‐called phosphorelay. Within a sporulating culture of B. subtilis , some cells initiate this developmental program, while other cells do not. Therefore, initiation of sporulation appears to be a regulatory process with a bistable outcome. Using a single cell analytical approach, we show that the autostimulatory loop of spo0A is responsible for generating a bistable response resulting in phenotypic variation within the sporulating culture. It is demonstrated that the main function of RapA, a phosphorelay phosphatase, is to maintain the bistable sporulation gene expression. As rapA expression is quorum regulated, it follows that quorum sensing influences sporulation bistability. Deletion of spo0E , a phosphatase directly acting on Spo0A∼P, resulted in abolishment of the bistable expression pattern. Artificial induction of a heterologous Rap phosphatase restored heterogeneity in a rapA or spo0E mutant. These results demonstrate that with external phosphatases, B. subtilis can use the phosphorelay as a tuner to modulate the bistable outcome of the sporulating culture. This shows that B. subtilis employs multiple pathways to maintain the bistable nature of a sporulating culture, stressing the physiological importance of this phenomenon.
Interactive Line Art Rendering of Freeform Surfaces (1999)

In recent years, synthetically created line art renderings have reached quality levels that are aesthetically pleasing. Moreover, the sketch based approach was found to be quite capable at conveying geometrical information in an intuitive manner. While a growing interest in this type of rendering method has yielded successful and appealing results, the developed techniques were, for the most part, too slow to be embedded in real time interactive display. This paper presents a line art rendering method for freeform polynomial and rational surfaces that is capable of achieving real time and interactive display. A careful preprocessing stage that combines an a‐priori construction of line art strokes with proper classification of these strokes, allows one to significantly alleviate the computational cost, in real time, of the sketch based rendering, and enables interactive line art display.
Postanal repair: which patients derive most benefit? (1990)

Forty-two patients (37 women, 5 men; mean age 61 years) with varying degrees of anal sphincter dysfunction were treated by postanal repair. Results were analysed in relation to age, sex, presenting complaint and the results of preoperative anorectal physiological tests. Complete continence was restored in 13 (31%), while acceptable but slightly impaired control was achieved in a further 17 (40%). Twelve patients (29%) remained or became totally incontinent. The likelihood of a successful outcome was greater in those presenting with complete incontinence (77% improved) than in those retaining control of solid stool (29% improved, 29% unchanged, 43% worse). Age and sex had no effect on results but pudendal neuropathy, identified in 74% overall, slightly reduced the chance of success. In nine postoperative patients studied, neither the anorectal angle nor anal canal length bore any relation to the results of surgery.
Adaptive Spatial Sample Caching (2007)

Despite tremendous progress in the last few years, realistically rendering 3D scenes with advanced shading and particularly global illumination is still extremely difficult to perform at interactive rates. Precomputation techniques can reduce the cost during rendering, however, they typically require long preprocessing times and high storage requirements. We propose a novel world-space sample caching approach for walkthroughs of static scenes that does not require precomputation and relies instead on aggressive caching. During run-time, pixel- sized patches projected adaptively onto the tangent space of visible triangles are used to store the results of shading computations. Patches are organized in a cache, which only requires a small and fixed memory footprint. In subsequent frames these patches can be retrieved, thus exploiting frame-to-frame coherence. In contrast to previous caching methods, the presented technique is extremely easy to implement, and requires only a few dozen lines of code. This caching mechanism can reduce the number of secondary rays for subsequent frames by more than an order of magnitude for moderate camera movements.
Physical basis of the domain engineering in the bulk ferroelectrics (1999)

Abstract We present a review of our theoretical and experimental investigations of the domain engineering aspects of domain structure development. Particular attention is paid to the processes governing the fabrication of periodic domain patterns.
Modèle Kawa et éducation thérapeutique (2016)

Dans le cadre de notre travail de fin d’etudes, nous avons propose une methodologie d’entretien basee sur le modele Kawa afin d’aider la personne a entrer dans une demarche active et donc a etre partie prenante dans la gestion de sa maladie. Cette etude a ete realisee lors de consultations de personnes atteintes de polyarthrite rhumatoide. Les resultats nous montrent la pertinence d’utiliser un support afin de favoriser l’acces a la symbolique de sa vie qui permet de poser un autre regard sur sa maladie et ses repercussions.
Controlled Coronal Stiffness Prosthetic Ankle for Improving Balance on Uneven Terrain (2013)

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2013
SiC‐Whisker‐Reinforced Cellular SiO <sub>2</sub> Composites (1990)

Fabrication of lighweight, cellular ceramic composites by foaming sol–gels is presented. Foams of 20‐vol%‐SiC‐whisker‐reinforced SiO 2 can be tailored with relative densities as low as 10%, with either open or closed cell structures. In addition to reducing drying shrinkage and thus gel cracking, whisker reinforcement significantly increases the strength of the composite foams relative to pure silica foams.
Impact of Autoantibodies against Glycolytic Enzymes on Pathogenicity of Autoimmune Retinopathy and Other Autoimmune Disorders (2017)

Autoantibodies (AAbs) against glycolytic enzymes: aldolase, α-enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase are prevalent in sera of patients with blinding retinal diseases, such as paraneoplastic [cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR)] and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies, as well as in many other autoimmune diseases. CAR is a degenerative disease of the retina characterized by sudden vision loss in patients with cancer and serum anti-retinal AAbs. In this review, we discuss the widespread serum presence of anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs and their significance in autoimmune diseases. There are multiple mechanisms responsible for antibody generation, including the innate anti-microbial response, anti-tumor response, or autoimmune response against released self-antigens from damaged, inflamed tissue. AAbs against enolase, GADPH, and aldolase exist in a single patient in elevated titers, suggesting their participation in pathogenicity. The lack of restriction of AAbs to one disease may be related to an increased expression of glycolytic enzymes in various metabolically active tissues that triggers an autoimmune response and generation of AAbs with the same specificity in several chronic and autoimmune conditions. In CAR, the importance of serum anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs had been previously dismissed, but the retina may be without pathological consequence until a failure of the blood-retinal barrier function, which would then allow pathogenic AAbs access to their retinal targets, ultimately leading to damaging effects.
Exploration and apprenticeship learning in reinforcement learning (2005)

We consider reinforcement learning in systems with unknown dynamics. Algorithms such as E3 (Kearns and Singh, 2002) learn near-optimal policies by using "exploration policies" to drive the system towards poorly modeled states, so as to encourage exploration. But this makes these algorithms impractical for many systems; for example, on an autonomous helicopter, overly aggressive exploration may well result in a crash. In this paper, we consider the apprenticeship learning setting in which a teacher demonstration of the task is available. We show that, given the initial demonstration, no explicit exploration is necessary, and we can attain near-optimal performance (compared to the teacher) simply by repeatedly executing "exploitation policies" that try to maximize rewards. In finite-state MDPs, our algorithm scales polynomially in the number of states; in continuous-state linear dynamical systems, it scales polynomially in the dimension of the state. These results are proved using a martingale construction over relative losses.
Effects of three types of honey on cutaneous wound healing. (2010)

The present results suggest that honey accelerates the inflammatory reaction and initiates healing early on in the treatment process. ﻿﻿﻿.
18F-FDG-PET/CT in potentially advanced renal cell carcinoma: a role in treatment decisions and prognosis estimation. (2013)

(18)F-FDG-PET/CT has the potential to estimate the patient's survival according to the (18)F-FDG accumulation measured in SUV(max). Depiction of occult metastatic disease has an emerging role in decision making regarding surgery.
Selectively nitrogen-doped carbon materials as superior metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction (2018)

Doping with pyridinic nitrogen atoms is known as an effective strategy to improve the activity of carbon-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. However, pyridinic nitrogen atoms prefer to occupy at the edge or defect sites of carbon materials. Here, a carbon framework named as hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne provides a suitable carbon matrix for pyridinic nitrogen doping. In hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne, three of the carbon atoms in a benzene ring are bonded to hydrogen and serve as active sites, like the edge or defect positions of conventional carbon materials, on which pyridinic nitrogen can be selectively doped. The as-synthesized pyridinic nitrogen-doped hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne shows much better electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction than that of the commercial platinum-based catalyst in alkaline media and comparable activity in acidic media. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the pyridinic nitrogen-doped hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne is more effective than pyridinic nitrogen-doped graphene for oxygen reduction.