gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Reuse in Wireless LAN Networks (2005)

The absence of a radio carrier reuse pattern in wireless LAN systems necessities to apply a collision avoidance mechanism in order to manage all collisions that can produce on the medium sharing. Previous studies concerning cellular radio networks are in general focused on the basis of frequency cell partition. We re-investigate this frequency reuse topic for wireless LANs where all nodes use the same channel and are randomly placed. Several measurements are presented to compute all radio parameters in a local radio network. Then, theoretical study and simulation results are introduced to deduce the distance that permits a complete carrier reuse by using a carrier sense mechanism.
Francis Galton's Account of the Invention of Correlation (1989)

Francis Galton's invention of correlation dates from late in the year 1888, and it arose when he recognized a common thread in three different scientific problems he was studying. Galton's own 1890 account of the moment of discovery is discussed and contrasted with Karl Pearson's widely known association of correlation with a retreat into a recess at Naworth Castle. The circumstances that led Galton to write the account are reviewed.
Designing pipeline FFT processor for OFDM (de)modulation (2002)

The FFT processor is one of the key components in the implementation of wideband OFDM systems. Architectures with a structured pipeline have been used to meet the fast, real-time processing demand and low-power consumption requirement in a mobile environment. Architectures based on new forms of FFT, the radix-2/sup i/ algorithm derived by cascade decomposition, is proposed. By exploiting the spatial regularity of the new algorithm, the requirement for both dominant elements in VLSI implementation, the memory size and the number of complex multipliers, have been minimized. Progressive wordlength adjustment has been introduced to optimize the total memory size with a given signal-to-quantization-noise-ratio (SQNR) requirement in fixed-point processing. A new complex multiplier based on distributed arithmetic further enhanced the area/power efficiency of the design. A single-chip processor for 1 K complex point FFT transform is used to demonstrate the design issues under consideration.
A Direct-Write Printed Antenna on Paper-Based Organic Substrate for Flexible Displays and WLAN Applications (2010)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurements of a direct-write printed low-cost and flexible inverted-F antenna on an ultra-low-cost paper-based organic substrate for wireless local area network (WLAN) and flexible display applications. Innovations include the study and utilization of paper as a high-frequency substrate for the first time in the gigahertz (GHz) range, the fabrication technology for the direct-write printing of the antenna as a flexible RF electronic device, and the investigation of antenna flexibility in conjunction with flexible displays. Although paper substrates exhibit relatively high dielectric losses (tanδ ~ 0.065 at 2.45 GHz), the maximum realized gain of the fabricated antenna is measured to be + 1.2 dBi giving a total efficiency ~ 82%. Simulated results of the antenna's return loss and radiation patterns agree well with the measurements, and can lead to a whole new class of flexible low-cost electronic devices of the future.
Mapping Social Behavior-Induced Brain Activation at Cellular Resolution in the Mouse (2014)

Understanding how brain activation mediates behaviors is a central goal of systems neuroscience. Here, we apply an automated method for mapping brain activation in the mouse in order to probe how sex-specific social behaviors are represented in the male brain. Our method uses the immediate-early-gene c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, visualized by serial two-photon tomography: the c-fos-GFP+ neurons are computationally detected, their distribution is registered to a reference brain and a brain atlas, and their numbers are analyzed by statistical tests. Our results reveal distinct and shared female and male interaction-evoked patterns of male brain activation representing sex discrimination and social recognition. We also identify brain regions whose degree of activity correlates to specific features of social behaviors and estimate the total numbers and the densities of activated neurons per brain areas. Our study opens the door to automated screening of behavior-evoked brain activation in the mouse.
Polysaccharide Synthesis of the Levansucrase SacB from Bacillus megaterium Is Controlled by Distinct Surface Motifs (2011)

Despite the widespread biological function of carbohydrates, the polysaccharide synthesis mechanisms of glycosyltransferases remain largely unexplored. Bacterial levansucrases (glycoside hydrolase family 68) synthesize high molecular weight, β-(2,6)-linked levan from sucrose by transfer of fructosyl units. The kinetic and biochemical characterization of Bacillus megaterium levansucrase SacB variants Y247A, Y247W, N252A, D257A, and K373A reveal novel surface motifs remote from the sucrose binding site with distinct influence on the polysaccharide product spectrum. The wild type activity (k(cat)) and substrate affinity (K(m)) are maintained. The structures of the SacB variants reveal clearly distinguishable subsites for polysaccharide synthesis as well as an intact active site architecture. These results lead to a new understanding of polysaccharide synthesis mechanisms. The identified surface motifs are discussed in the context of related glycosyltransferases.
Adaptive line enhancers for fast acquisition (1994)

Three adaptive line enhancer (ALE) algorithms and architectures - namely, conventional ALE, ALE with double filtering, and ALE with coherent accumulation - are investigated for fast carrier acquisition in the time domain. The advantages of these algorithms are their simplicity, flexibility, robustness, and applicability to general situations including the Earth-to-space uplink carrier acquisition and tracking of the spacecraft. In the acquisition mode, these algorithms act as bandpass filters; hence, the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) is improved for fast acquisition. In the tracking mode, these algorithms simply act as lowpass filters to improve signal-to-noise ratio; hence, better tracking performance is obtained. It is not necessary to have a priori knowledge of the received signal parameters, such as CNR, Doppler, and carrier sweeping rate. The implementation of these algorithms is in the time domain (as opposed to the frequency domain, such as the fast Fourier transform (FFT)). The carrier frequency estimation can be updated in real time at each time sample (as opposed to the batch processing of the FFT). The carrier frequency to be acquired can be time varying, and the noise can be non-Gaussian, nonstationary, and colored.
Hyperoxia-Induced LC3B Interacts with the Fas Apoptotic Pathway in Epithelial Cell Death (2011)

Epithelial cell death plays a critical role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We investigated the involvement of the autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (LC3B) in epithelial cell apoptosis after hyperoxia. Prolonged hyperoxia (>95% O(2)), which causes characteristic lung injury in mice, activated morphological and biochemical markers of autophagy. Hyperoxia induced the time-dependent expression and conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II in mouse lung in vivo and in cultured epithelial cells (Beas-2B, human bronchial epithelial cells) in vitro. Hyperoxia increased autophagosome formation in Beas-2B cells, as evidenced by electron microscopy and increased GFP-LC3 puncta. The augmented LC3B level after hyperoxia was transcriptionally regulated and dependent in part on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. We hypothesized that LC3B plays a regulatory role in hyperoxia-induced epithelial apoptosis. LC3B siRNA promoted hyperoxia-induced cell death in epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of LC3B conferred cytoprotection after hyperoxia. The autophagic protein LC3B cross-regulated the Fas apoptotic pathway by physically interacting with the components of death-inducing signaling complex. This interaction was mediated by caveolin-1 tyrosine 14, which is a known target of phosphorylation induced by hyperoxia. Taken together, hyperoxia-induced LC3B activation regulates the Fas apoptotic pathway and thus confers cytoprotection in lung epithelial cells. The interaction of LC3B and Fas pathways requires cav-1.
Identification and Evaluation of Magnetic-Field Sources of Magnetic Airborne Detector Equipped Aircraft (1961)

A general method for identifying and evaluating magnetic sources associated with the magnetic airborne detector-equipped aircraft is described. It is derived for the compensation of magnetic noise related to the maneuvers of the aircraft. Mathematical formulas are included with a uniform engineering method, that is independent of the type of magnetic source encountered, for analyzing magnetic airborne detector records. A method for calibrating magnetic sources while in flight is also offered.
Seismic velocity, Q, geological structure and lithology estimation at a ground water contamination site (2005)

A high resolution velocity model was obtained by applying waveform tomography to a VSP‐surface dataset acquired at a ground water contamination site. This study estimates the Q value distribution of the target area by further iteration of waveform tomography. Large Q values (˜50) are identified near one of the boreholes. The model correlates well with a depth‐migrated image using the same dataset. Using Hertz‐Mindlin theory and Gassmann's equation, a 1D velocity model derived from the 2D waveform tomography model is inverted to further characterize the material in terms of parameters such as porosity and degree of cementation. We found a large porosity layer in the depth range of 7–10 m and low cementation layers in the depth ranges of 2–3 m and 5–8 m.
The Nutrition of Plant Tissue Cultures (1955)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Implementation of a Toffoli gate using an array of coupled cavities in a single step (2018)

The Toffoli gate (controlled-controlled-NOT gate) is one typical three-qubit gate, it plus a Hadamard gate form a universal set of gates in quantum computation. We present an efficient method to implement the Toffoli gate using an array of coupled cavities with one three-level atom in each cavity. The large detuning between atoms and classical (quantum) fields plays an important role and the gate is implemented in one-step. The quantum information is encoded into the low-lying states of identical atoms and it is convenient to address qubit individually. Based on the Markovian master equation, it is shown that the scheme to implement the Toffoli gate is robust against the decoherence.
How Depth of Planting Affects the Garden Peony (1968)

Abstract Two peony varieties were field planted at 5 depths ranging from ground-level to 8 inches in 4 replications. Survival and flower production notes were taken in 1965, 1966, and 1967. Only the 8-inch depth had significantly adverse effects on survival. Ground-level and 2-inch depths had significantly higher flower production than deeper plantings.
Autoprocessing of the Escherichia coli AIDA-I Autotransporter (2009)

The cleavage of the autotransporter adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) of Escherichia coli yields a membrane-embedded fragment, AIDAc, and an extracellular fragment, the mature AIDA-I adhesin. The latter remains noncovalently associated with AIDAc but can be released by heat treatment. In this study we determined the mechanism of AIDA-I cleavage. We showed that AIDA-I processing is an autocatalytic event by monitoring the in vitro cleavage of an uncleaved mutant protein isolated from inclusion bodies. Furthermore, by following changes in circular dichroism spectra and protease resistance of the renaturated protein, we showed that the cleavage of the protein is correlated with folding. With site-directed deletions, we showed that the catalytic activity of the protein lies in a region encompassing amino acids between Ala-667 and Thr-953, which includes the conserved junction domain of some autotransporters. With site-directed point mutations, we also found that Asp-878 and Glu-897 are involved in the processing of AIDA-I and that a mutation preserving the acidic side chain of Asp-878 was tolerated, giving evidence that this carboxylic acid group is directly involved in catalysis. Last, we confirmed that cleavage of AIDA-I is intramolecular. Our results unveil a new mechanism of auto-processing in the autotransporter family.
Permanent Nucleosome Exclusion from the Gal4p-inducible YeastGCY1 Promoter (2003)

The promoter of the galactose-inducible yeast GCY1 gene allows high rates of basal transcription and is kept free of nucleosomes regardless of growth conditions. The general regulatory factor, Reb1p, as well as the nucleotide sequence of a single Gal4p-binding site, structurally cooperate to exclude nucleosomes from about 480 bp of DNA that spans the UAS(GAL), the Reb1p-binding site, the TATA-box, and the transcriptional initiation sites. Gal4p, which induces transcription of GCY1 about 25-fold in the presence of galactose, is not required for the alteration in chromatin configuration in the promoter upstream region since the hypersensitive site is unchanged when Gal4p is inactive or absent. As soon as either the Reb1p-binding site or the UAS(GAL) or both are mutated, nucleosomes slip into the promoter of GCY1 paralleled by a reduction of basal transcription activity to about 30% in either single mutant and to <10% in the double mutant. In the mutant of the Reb1p-binding site, induction by galactose/Gal4p restores a nucleosome-free state to an extent resembling the GCY1 wild-type promoter, showing that, in principle, activated Gal4p can exclude nucleosomes on its own. Northern blots of GCY1 transcripts confirm that Reb1p modulates basal transcription and has little influence on the galactose-induced state.
Isotopomeric characterization of N <sub>2</sub> O produced, consumed, and emitted by automobiles (2008)

Fossil fuel combustion is the second largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) after agriculture. The estimated global N2O flux from combustion sources, as well as from other sources, still has a large uncertainty. Herein, we characterize automobile sources using N2O isotopomer ratios (nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios and intramolecular site preference of 15N, SP) to assess their contributions to total global sources and to deconvolute complex production/consumption processes during combustion and subsequent catalytic treatments of exhaust. Car exhaust gases were sampled under running and idling state, and N2O isotopomer ratios were measured by mass spectrometry. The N2O directly emitted from an engine of a vehicle running at constant velocity had almost constant isotopomer ratios (delta15Nbulk = -28.7 +/- 1.2 per thousand, delta18O = 28.6 +/- 3.3 per thousand, and SP = 4.2 +/- 0.8 per thousand) irrespective of the velocity. After passing through catalytic converters, the isotopomer ratios showed an increase which varied with the temperature and the aging of the catalysts. The increase suggests that both production and consumption of N2O occur on the catalyst and that their rates can be comparable. It was noticed that in the idling state, the N2O emitted from a brand new car has higher isotopomer ratios than that from used cars, which indicate that technical improvements in catalytic converters can reduce the N2O from mobile combustion sources. On average, the isotopomeric signatures of N2O finally emitted from automobiles are not sensitive to running/idling states or to aging of the catalysts. Characteristic average isotopomer ratios of N2O from automobile sources are estimated at -4.9 +/- 8.2 per thousand, 43.5 +/- 13.9 per thousand, and 12.2 +/- 9.1 per thousand for delta15Nbulk, delta18O, and SP, respectively.
Shifting the stage (2009)

It is often hard to write programs that are efficient yet reusable. For example, an efficient implementation of Gaussian elimination should be specialized to the structure and known static properties of the input matrix. The most profitable optimizations, such as choosing the best pivoting or memoization, cannot be expected of even an advanced compiler because they are specific to the domain, but expressing these optimizations directly makes for ungainly source code. Instead, a promising and popular way to reconcile efficiency with reusability is for a domain expert to write code generators.
Metalorganic chemical vapour deposition of oriented ZnO films (1988)

Abstract Thin uniform films of ZnO could be obtained by MOCVD using Zn(CH 3 ) 2 ‐THF adduct and H 2 O as reactants. The film growth was carried out at atmospheric pressure. A vertical resistance‐heated cold‐wall reactor system was used. Highly c ‐axis oriented ZnO films being very smooth and having a low resistivity were grown on (100)Si and (100)Si/SiO 2 under certain conditions. Epitaxial growth could be achieved on (1 1 02)‐sapphire. The dependence of the properties of the films on the growth conditions was investigated.
Fluoride glass etching method for preparation of infra-red fibres with improved tensile strength (1986)

A method for the congruent dissolution of zirconium fluoride glass using an aqueous solution with zirconium ions as a complexing agent is described. Preform cleaning by this technique leads to IR fibres with mean tensile strength values as high as 400 MPa, which is an improvement by a factor of 2. The transmission loss of Teflon-jacketed fibres could be reduced by a factor of ten in comparison to fibres from untreated preforms.
Structures of the G85R Variant of SOD1 in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2008)

Mutations in the gene encoding human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause a dominant form of the progressive neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transgenic mice expressing the human G85R SOD1 variant develop paralytic symptoms concomitant with the appearance of SOD1-enriched proteinaceous inclusions in their neural tissues. The process(es) through which misfolding or aggregation of G85R SOD1 induces motor neuron toxicity is not understood. Here we present structures of the human G85R SOD1 variant determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. Alterations in structure of the metal-binding loop elements relative to the wild type enzyme suggest a molecular basis for the metal ion deficiency of the G85R SOD1 protein observed in the central nervous system of transgenic mice and in purified recombinant G85R SOD1. These findings support the notion that metal-deficient and/or disulfide-reduced mutant SOD1 species contribute to toxicity in SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Trace-based automated logical debugging for high-level synthesis generated circuits (2015)

In this paper we present an approach for debugging hardware designs generated by High-Level Synthesis (HLS), relieving users from the burden of identifying the signals to trace and from the error-prone task of manually checking the traces. The necessary steps are performed after HLS, independently of it and without affecting the synthesized design. For this reason our methodology should be easily adaptable to any HLS tools. The proposed approach makes full use of HLS compile time informations. The executions of the simulated design and the original C program can be compared, checking if there are discrepancies between values of C variables and signals in the design. The detection is completely automated, that is, it does not need any input but the program itself and the user does not have to know anything about the overall compilation process. The design can be validated on a given set of test cases and the discrepancies are detected by the tool. Relationships between the original high-level source code and the generated HDL are kept by the compiler and shown to the user. The granularity of such discrepancy analysis is per-operation and it includes the temporary variables inserted by the compiler. As a consequence the design can be debugged as is, with no restrictions on optimizations available during HLS. We show how this methodology can be used to identify different kind of bugs: 1) introduced by the HLS tool used for the synthesis; 2) introduced using buggy libraries of hardware components for HLS; 3) undefined behavior bugs in the original high-level source code.
Development of 1 GHz superconducting NMR magnet at TML/NRIM (1999)

Development of a 1 GHz superconducting NMR magnet is in progress at the Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory of the National Research Institute for Metals. The magnet will consist of two parts. The outer magnet of LTS coils is designed to generate a field of 21.1 T (900 MHz) in persistent current mode. The inner coil is designed to generate an additional 2.4 T, resulting in a central field of 23.5 T (1 GHz) in a 54 mm diameter bore at room temperature. As a high-resolution NMR magnet, field stability as well as field homogeneity is very important, which is especially difficult to achieve in the inner coil when exposed to extremely high magnetic fields that superconducting magnets have not yet encountered. The engineering design is complete and fabrication of the superconductors has begun. This report presents the results of the engineering design and R&D studies on the candidate superconductors for the inner coil, such as BSCCO, and improved Nb/sub 3/Al and Nb/sub 3/Sn.
Lanthanum(Iii) and Praseodymium(Iii) Complexes of Carbohydrazones and Thiocarbohydrazones (2000)

Abstract Lanthanum(III) and praseodymium(III) complexes of the types [M(L1Cl3], [M(L2)C1], [M(L3)C12] and [M(L4)] (where M = La(III) or Pr(III): L1 = ligands derived from carbohydrazide and benzaldehyde or acetophenone; L2H2 = ligands derived from carbohydrazide and salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde or o-hydroxyacetophenone; L3H = ligands derived from thiocarbohydrazide and benzaldehyde or acetophenone; L4H. 3 = ligands derived from thiocarbohydrazide and salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde or o-hydroxyacetophenone) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, electrical conductance, magnetic moments and spectral (electronic, infrared) data. For the lanthanum(III) complexes, 1H NMR spectra have also been recorded.
A new method to determine the MOSFET effective channel width (1990)

A method of determining the effective channel width of a MOSFET device that is simple and accurate is discussed. While simple, this method takes the width-dependent series resistance of MOSFETs into account, which has not been done in previous methods. The results correlate well with SEM cross section measurements. In addition, the method is applicable to current scaled MOSFETs, requiring no measurements outside the normal operating range of the devices being characterized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>