gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Canadian Poetry—A Minority Report (1939)

Professor E. J. Pratt's recent article in the QUARTERLY on the present status of English-Canadian poetry has sent me to a number of other attempts by Canadian poets or critics to evaluate the contemporary native product in terms of the achievement of the past, and I have been struck by the fact that the only thing all the articles have in common is a more or less all-pervading, but usually ill-defined, sense of uneasiness or dissatisfaction. Occasionally this is given direct and even truculent expression; sometimes the reader absorbs it rather furtively, reading between the lines; and sometimes it is rationalized out of existence or sublimated into patriotic boasting. Yet whether the critic denounces, excuses, paints with pride, or merely throws out a smoke screen, he betrays, it has seemed to me, a feeling of insecurity that sometimes amounts almost to bewilderment. Canadian poetry is lost, or it hasn't found itself; new vistas are opening ahead of it, or it has come to a dead end. It is either up a tree or it has slipped from its high estate, and it needs somebody to give it a fresh direction. It should mirror the aspirations of the struggling masses; or it should return to the grand manner and high morals of our fathers. The older poets are too sentimental, and the young are too brainy. The denizens of the Canadian pantheon haven't much to say, but they feel deeply and they love God and Nature; the modern poets are obscure....
Transcriptional Regulation in the Yeast Life Cycle (1987)

The transition from haploid to diploid in homothallic yeast involves a defined sequence of events which are regulated at the level of transcription. Transcription factors encoded by SWI genes activate the HO endonuclease gene at a precise stage in the cell cycle of mother cells. The HO endonuclease initiates a transposition event which activates genes of the opposite mating type by causing them to move away from a silencer element. The activated mating type genes then regulate genes involved in cell signaling such as the mating type-specific pheromones and their receptors. Since HO is only activated in one of the sister cells after division (the mother), adjacent cells of opposite mating type are generated which respond to each others' secreted pheromones by inducing genes involved in conjugation. This leads to the formation of a diploid in which many of the genes involved in mating and mating-type switching become repressed due to the heterozygosity of the mating-type locus. This article summarizes what is known about these transcriptional controls and discusses possible parallels in higher eukaryotes.
A stereo vision technique using curve-segments and relaxation matching (2003)

A multichannel feature-based stereo vision technique is described in which curve segments are used as the feature primitives in the matching process. The left and right images are first filtered by using several Laplacian of Gaussian operators of different widths (channel). Curve segments are extracted by a tracking algorithm, and their centroids are obtained. At each channel, the generalized Hough transform of each curve-segment in images is evaluated. The R-table is used as a local feature vector in representing the distinctive characteristics of a segment. The epipolar constraint on the centroids of the curve segment and the channel size is used to limit the search space in the right image. To resolve the ambiguity of the false targets (multiple matches), a relaxation technique is used in which the initial scores of the node assignments are updated by the compatibility measures between the centroids of the curve segments. The node assignments with the highest score are chosen as the matching segments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Foraging strategies (2018)

The majority of the world's living primates inhabit lowland tropical rainforests, a diverse and often challenging habitat type to navigate. The large collection of field‐based research has demonstrated the incredible behavioral and dietary flexibility among primate species when coping with food resources that vary both spatially and temporally. Finding prey items, whether they are insects or plant parts, is challenging, and thus primates have evolved a variety of adaptations to acquire sufficient energy for survival. This entry discusses the cognitive and sensory mechanisms used by primates to find food, why they may include certain items in the diet while ignoring others, and social factors that may influence diet selection.
Transapical vs. transfemoral aortic valve implantation: Which approach for which patient, from a surgeon's standpoint. (2012)

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has gained increasing acceptance for treating patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), especially in the presence of a higher risk profile. The procedure is performed a number of ways, however, the two main routes of access are the transfemoral (TF) retrograde approach and the transapical (TA) antegrade approach. At the present time TAVI is indicated in the presence of high risk according to current position statements from the European Society Cardiology and European Association Cardiothoracic Surgery (1). TAVI outcomes in intermediate risk patients, presenting with a logistic EuroSCORE lower than 20% or a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Score between 4% and 8% are currently being evaluated in prospective randomized trials such as the SURTAVI trial (TF CoreValve™ versus conventional surgery) and PARTNER 2 trial (Edwards SAPIEN-XT™ versus conventional surgery). Despite these advancements in endovascular approaches, conventional surgery remains the standard for many patients and is associated with excellent outcomes. For example, in 2011 a German registry reported an overall mortality to be as low as 3% in 11,500 patients undergoing conventional surgery for aortic valve disease (2).

Our common goal is to perform the optimal therapy for an individual patient. This is fundamentally based on a low procedural risk together with immediate functional improvement and good longer term durability. Simplicity and safety will usually lead to good acceptance by the heart team of physicians, mostly cardiologists and cardiac surgeons, to use these approaches. For the individual patient, the overall balance of risks, which cannot be determined by incision length only but rather should prioritize hard endpoints such as mortality and morbidity such as stroke are extremely important. Thus, an objective pre-procedural informative discussion individualized to each patient’s unique risks and potential outcomes is mandatory before choosing between open versus percutaneous options. In this perspective, we highlight the different aspects of choosing the TF versus the TA approach using the best available current literature and propose future prospects for the care of aortic valve disease.
RF MEMS waveguide switch (2004)

In this paper, a unique concept for RF MEMS waveguide switches is introduced. The proposed structure employs a ridge waveguide integrated with MEMS actuators. The switch combines the advantages of MEMS technology with the high power handling capability of waveguide technology. It also promises to be useful in high frequency applications 100-200 GHz. In order to demonstrate the concept, a Ku-band waveguide switch employing a thermally plastic deformable MEMS actuators has been fabricated and tested. The achievable measured results are very encouraging, demonstrating the potential of such novel type of MEMS switches.
Electrostatics of quantum dots in high magnetic fields and single far-infrared photon detection (2000)

Electron transport through a single electron transistor (SET) is studied with and without illumination of far-infrared (FIR) radiation in high magnetic fields. The SET consists of a $\mathrm{GaAs}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum dot (QD). The transport characteristics obtained without the FIR illumination is well analyzed in terms of capacitance matrix by assuming that the QD in strong magnetic fields is split into isolated conductive regions. When a FIR photon is absorbed by a QD upon cyclotron resonance, an excited electron-hole pair induces a charge polarization within the QD, which switches on or off the SET conductance. The absorption of single-FIR photons is thus detected as individual conductance switches of the SET. Experimental results show that the lifetime of the excited state of a QD (with the internal polarization) is longer than the instrumental time constant, 1 ms, in a magnetic field range of $B=3.4\ensuremath{-}4.2\mathrm{T},$ in which the lowest orbital Landau levels are completely occupied while the higher Landau level with a small number of electrons is slightly occupied. The wavelength of the FIR-photon detection, being determined by the magnetic field applied to the QD, ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.17 mm.
Preservation: past, present and future (2000)

Foods deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of reactions including some that are physical, some that are chemical, some enzymic and some microbiological. The various forms of spoilage and food poisoning caused by micro-organisms are preventable to a large degree by a number of preservation techniques, most of which act by preventing or slowing microbial growth. These include freezing, chilling, drying, curing, conserving, vacuum packing, modified atmosphere packing, acidifying, fermenting, and adding preservatives. In contrast, a smaller number of techniques act by inactivating micro-organisms, predominantly heating (pasteurization and sterilization). Complementary techniques restrict access of micro-organisms to food products, e.g. aseptic processing and packaging. New and 'emerging' preservation techniques include more that act by inactivation. They include the application of ionizing radiation, high hydrostatic pressure, high voltage electric discharges, high intensity light, ultrasonication in combination with heat and slightly raised pressure ('manothermosonication'), and the addition to foods of bacteriolytic enzymes, bacteriocins, and other naturally-occurring antimicrobials. Major trends, reacting to consumers' needs, are towards the use of procedures that deliver food products that are less 'heavily' preserved, higher quality, more convenient, more 'natural', freer from additives, nutritionally healthier, and still with high assurance of microbiological safety.
Implementation of a state space controller in a FPGA (2002)

Results from the implementation of a stand-alone state space controller in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit is presented. As a case study, an inverted pendulum is used as the controlled process. The process in non-trivial and reflects several industrially related control problems. The process states are estimated via a time-invariant Kalman filter. Two different CAD-tools are used: one for the design of the control system and another tool for the hardware. The hardware description language VHDL is used to model both the hardware and the process. These models formed a very useful test-bench in the hardware design system. Models of the process and the controller are designed in both systems. The problem of verifying that all models had a correct behaviour is solved by exchanging and comparing simulated input- and output-signals via ASCII-files between the two systems. The controller fits well within a 10,000 gate FPGA.
Cisplatin-Induced Hyperactivity in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus and Its Relation to Outer Hair Cell Loss: Relevance to Tinnitus (2002)

Cisplatin causes both acute and chronic forms of tinnitus as well as increases in spontaneous neural activity (hyperactivity) in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of hamsters. It has been hypothesized that the induction of hyperactivity in the DCN may be a consequence of cisplatin's effects on cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs); however, systematic studies testing this hypothesis have yet to appear in the literature. In the present investigation, the relationship between hyperactivity and OHC loss, induced by cisplatin, was examined in detail. Hamsters received five treatments of cisplatin at doses ranging from 1.5 to 3 mg. kg(-1). day(-1), every other day. Beginning 1 mo after initiation of treatment, electrophysiological recordings were carried out on the surface of the DCN to measure spontaneous multiunit activity along a set of coordinates spanning the medial-lateral (tonotopic) axis of the DCN. After recordings, cochleas were removed and studied histologically using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that cisplatin-treated animals with little or no loss of OHCs displayed levels of activity similar to those seen in saline-treated controls. In contrast, the majority (75%) of cisplatin-treated animals with severe OHC loss displayed well-developed hyperactivity in the DCN. The induced hyperactivity was seen mainly in the medial (high-frequency) half of the DCN of treated animals. This pattern was consistent with the observation that OHC loss was distributed mainly in the basal half of the cochlea. In several of the animals with severe OHC loss and hyperactivity, there was no significant damage to IHC stereocilia nor any observable irregularities of the reticular lamina that might have interfered with normal IHC function. Hyperactivity was also observed in the DCN of animals showing severe losses of OHCs accompanied by damage to IHCs, although the degree of hyperactivity in these animals was less than in animals with severe OHC loss but intact IHCs. These results support the view that loss of OHC function may be a trigger of tinnitus-related hyperactivity in the DCN and suggest that this hyperactivity may be somewhat offset by damage to IHCs.
Soft x-ray nanobeam formed by an ellipsoidal mirror (2020)

Ellipsoidal mirrors are promising optical devices for soft x-ray focusing. A fabrication process consisting of master fabrication and replication has been developed to produce ellipsoidal mirrors with wide apertures of approximately 10 mm. In the present study, the focusing performance of an ellipsoidal mirror was evaluated using soft x-rays in the soft x-ray beamline BL25SU-a of SPring-8. The focus sizes were measured at photon energies of 300, 400, and 500 eV. A quantitative figure error of the ellipsoidal mirror was also evaluated by analyzing the wavefield of the focused beam retrieved using ptychography. The figure error distributions measured at different photon energies agreed with each other at a root mean square level of 1 nm. The developed focusing system can be used for various types of microscopy, allowing the use of a wide range of x-ray energies.
Transformations of Fourier coefficients (1952)

Introduction. In 1923 M. Fekete [2]2 introduced the concept of factor sequences that left invariant the class of a Fourier series. That is, Fekete investigated the conditions to which a sequence of constants (X„) must be subjected in order that (X„a„, X„i„) be Fourier coefficients of a function of the same class, K, as that of the function determined by (an, bn). Whenever (X„) has this property, (X„) is said to belong to the class (£, K). Fekete restricted his investigation to those cases for which K represented the class of continuous, essentially bounded, Riemann integrable, or Lebesgue integrable functions, functions of bounded variation, or functions having a LebesgueStieltjes series. It may be mentioned in passing that Verblunsky [5] extended Fekete's results to some of the cross classes. Note that the transformation effected by a factor sequence may be accomplished by matric multiplication. Suppose that the cosine coefficients of/ are (an). Then the coefficients of the function resulting from the transformation appear in the column vector on the right below.
Design and Total Synthesis of a Superior Family of Epothilone Analogues, which Eliminate Xenograft Tumors to a Nonrelapsable State (2003)

Ungewöhnlich vielversprechende Antitumoraktivität zeigt 26-Trifluor-(E)-9,10-dehydro-dEpoB 1, dessen Design und einfache Totalsynthese beschrieben werden. Diese Verbindung fördert das Schrumpfen und Verschwinden von Tumoren in menschlichen Xenotransplantaten in Nacktmäusen bei gut tolerierten Dosen mit vollständiger Remission für mehr als zwei Monate und schnellem und frühem Wiedererreichen des ursprünglichen Gewichts. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z52361_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synergistic action of sodium selenite and N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen-induced liver damage (2008)

Acetaminophen (AAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug; however, when used in high doses, it causes fulminant hepatic necrosis in both humans and experimental animals. In this study, we investigated whether selenium (Se) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alone or in combination, are protective against AAP toxicity in mice. At the beginning of the experiment, blood samples were taken from 10 of 350 mice. Then, the remaining mice were randomly allocated into four groups, each consisting of 35 animals. The 1st group received a single administration of AAP by gavage at a dose of 600 mg/kg-bw, p.o. The 2nd group (AAP-Se) was treated with sodium selenite (0.5 mg Se/kg-bw, p.o.) one hour after ingestion of AAP. The 3rd group (AAP-NAC) ingested AAP, 1.5 h later followed by NAC (500 mg/kg-bw, p.o.). The 4th group (AAP-Se-NAC) was given sodium selenite and NAC, 1 and 1.5 h after administration of AAP, respectively. From each group, blood samples of seven mice for each time point were taken at 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after AAP toxicity. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. Compared with AAP group, the levels of ALT were lower after AAP ingestion in AAP-NAC, AAP-Se, and AAP-Se-NAC groups at the 8th hour. ALT, AST, and LDH levels in AAP-Se-NAC group were 50% of the levels of other groups starting form the 4th hour of toxicity. It is concluded that protection against AAP hepatotoxicity using a combination of Se and NAC is better than that found with either agent alone.
One Shot Face Swapping on Megapixels (2021)

Face swapping has both positive applications such as entertainment, human-computer interaction, etc., and negative applications such as DeepFake threats to politics, economics, etc. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the scheme of advanced methods for high-quality face swapping and generate enough and representative face swapping images to train DeepFake detection algorithms. This paper proposes the first Megapixel level method for one shot Face Swapping (or MegaFS for short). Firstly, MegaFS organizes face representation hierarchically by the proposed Hierarchical Representation Face Encoder (HieRFE) in an extended latent space to maintain more facial details, rather than compressed representation in previous face swapping methods. Secondly, a carefully designed Face Transfer Module (FTM) is proposed to transfer the identity from a source image to the target by a non-linear trajectory without explicit feature disentanglement. Finally, the swapped faces can be synthesized by StyleGAN2 with the benefits of its training stability and powerful generative capability. Each part of MegaFS can be trained separately so the requirement of our model for GPU memory can be satisfied for megapixel face swapping. In summary, complete face representation, stable training, and limited memory usage are the three novel contributions to the success of our method. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of MegaFS and the first megapixel level face swapping database is released for research on DeepFake detection and face image editing in the public domain.
The unavailable candidate model (2010)

One of the fundamental problems in the theory of social choice is aggregating the rankings of a set of agents (or voters) into a consensus ranking. Rank aggregation has found application in a variety of computational contexts. However, the goal of constructing a consensus ranking rather than, say, a single outcome (or winner) is often left unjustified, calling into question the suitability of classical rank aggregation methods. We introduce a novel model which offers a decision-theoretic motivation for constructing a consensus ranking. Our unavailable candidate model assumes that a consensus choice must be made, but that candidates may become unavailable after voters express their preferences. Roughly speaking, a consensus ranking serves as a compact, easily communicable representation of a decision policy that can be used to make choices in the face of uncertain candidate availability. We use this model to define a principled aggregation method that minimizes expected voter dissatisfaction with the chosen candidate. We give exact and approximation algorithms for computing optimal rankings and provide computational evidence for the effectiveness of a simple greedy scheme. We also describe strong connections to popular voting protocols such as the plurality rule and the Kemeny consensus, showing specifically that Kemeny produces optimal rankings in the unavailable candidate model under certain conditions.
RECOGNITION ASSESSED BY RATING AND RANKING (1974)

Recognition tests are ubiquitous in the study of cognition. A simple index of recognition with desirable properties is the proportion R of targets preferred to distractors. The estimation of R by either a rating or a ranking method is straightforward. No distributional assumptions are involved. Three experiments are described in which estimates derived by the two methods were found to be close. The rating method is potentially subject to a bias. A preliminary account is given of calculations which suggest that the bias is small provided at least four rating categories are used.
ChemInform Abstract: The Baylis‐Hillman Reaction: A Novel Carbon‐Carbon Bond Forming Reaction (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The inter-<i>α</i>-inhibitor family: from structure to regulation (1996)

Inter-alpha-inhibitor (IalphaI) and related molecules, collectively referred to as the IalphaI family, are a group of plasma protease inhibitors. They display attractive features such as precursor polypeptides that give rise to mature chains with quite distinct fates and functions, and inter-chain glycosaminoglycan bonds within the various molecules. The discovery of an ever growing number of such molecules has raised pertinent questions about their pathophysiological functions. The knowledge of this family has long been structure-oriented, whereas the structure/function and structure/regulation relationships of the family members and their genes have been largely ignored. These relationships are now being elucidated in events such as gene transcription, precursor processing, changes in plasma protein levels in health and disease and binding capacities that involve hyaluronan as well as other plasma proteins as ligands. This review presents some recent progress made in these fields that paves the way for an understanding of the functions of IalphaI family members in vivo. Finally, given the wealth of heterogeneous, complicated and sometimes contradictory nomenclatures and acronyms currently in use for this family, a new, uniform, nomenclature is proposed for IalphaI family genes, precursor polypeptides and assembled proteins.