gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanowires with High Aspect Ratio: A Simple One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis and Their Strong Microwave Absorption (2013)

In this paper, we report the facile synthesis of ultrathin barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires with gram-level yield via a simple one-step hydrothermal treatment. Our BaTiO3 nanowires have unique features: single crystalline, uniform size distribution and ultra high aspect ratio. The synergistic effects including both Ostwald ripening and cation exchange reaction are responsible for the growth of the ultrathin BaTiO3 nanowires. The microwave absorption capability of the ultrathin BaTiO3 nanowires is improved compared to that of BaTiO3 nanotorus,1 with a maximum reflection loss as high as -24.6 dB at 9.04 GHz and an absorption bandwidth of 2.4 GHz (<-10 dB). Our method has some novel advantages: simple, facile, low cost and high synthesis yield, which might be developed to prepare other ferroelectric nanostructures. The strong microwave absorption property of the ultrathin BaTiO3 nanowires indicates that these nanowires could be used as promising materials for microwave-absorption and stealth camouflage techniques.
Chemical Composition of Traditional and Analog Ayahuasca (2020)

Traditional ayahuasca can be defined as a brew made from Amazonian vine <i>Banisteriopsis caapi</i> and Amazonian admixture plants. Ayahuasca is used by indigenous groups in Amazonia, as a sacrament in syncretic Brazilian religions, and in healing and spiritual ceremonies internationally. The study aimed to determine concentrations of the main bio- and psychoactive components of ayahuasca used in different locations and traditions. We collected 102 samples of brews from ayahuasca-using communities. Concentrations of <i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), tetrahydroharmine, harmine, and harmaline were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Qualitative analyses for non-traditional additives (moclobemide, psilocin, yuremamine) were performed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Higher and more variable concentrations of DMT in neoshamanic ayahuasca samples compared to indigenous samples may indicate use of higher and more variable proportions of DMT-containing admixture plants. From European samples, we found two related samples of analog ayahuasca containing moclobemide, psilocin, DMT, yuremamine, and very low concentrations of <i>B. caapi</i> alkaloids. Some analogs of ayahuasca (<i>Peganum harmala, Mimosa tenuiflora</i>) were used in Europe. No analogs were found from Brazil or Santo Daime ceremonies in Europe. We recommend awareness about the constituents of the brew and ethical self-regulation among practitioners of ayahuasca ceremonies.
Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 results in marked regression of bone marrow fibrosis (2002)

Morphologic bone marrow changes in patients with BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were investigated during treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571. Bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens from 23 pretreated patients with CML were examined morphologically and by morphometry before and 6 weeks and 3 months after the initiation of STI571 therapy (Glivec, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland). Bone marrow changes during treatment showed a quantitative normalization of erythropoiesis, a marked reduction of granulopoiesis, and a significant decrease in megakaryocytes with the reappearance of normal-sized forms. Furthermore, a significant regression of bone marrow fibrosis was observed in patients with initial fibrosis (P <.000,000,001). These results may expand the profile of STI571 and may offer novel therapeutic possibilities in diseases with bone marrow fibrosis.
Renal perfusion with the Biomedicus pump during resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. (1992)

Renal artery perfusion is usually unnecessary during resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, because most of these aneurysms are situated below the renal arteries. The authors report the interesting case of a patient with a solitary functioning kidney, who had undergone previous bypass grafting from the right iliac artery to the right renal artery and in whom the kidney was perfused with the Biomedicus pump during the repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This technique may be useful in special situations in which any period of renal ischemia might be hazardous to renal function.
DNA methylation is widespread and associated with differential gene expression in castes of the honeybee, <i>Apis mellifera</i> (2009)

The recent, unexpected discovery of a functional DNA methylation system in the genome of the social bee Apis mellifera underscores the potential importance of DNA methylation in invertebrates. The extent of genomic DNA methylation and its role in A. mellifera remain unknown, however. Here we show that genes in A. mellifera can be divided into 2 distinct classes, one with low-CpG dinucleotide content and the other with high-CpG dinucleotide content. This dichotomy is explained by the gradual depletion of CpG dinucleotides, a well-known consequence of DNA methylation. The loss of CpG dinucleotides associated with DNA methylation also may explain the unusual mutational patterns seen in A. mellifera that lead to AT-rich regions of the genome. A detailed investigation of this dichotomy implicates DNA methylation in A. mellifera development. High-CpG genes, which are predicted to be hypomethylated in germlines, are enriched with functions associated with developmental processes, whereas low-CpG genes, predicted to be hypermethylated in germlines, are enriched with functions associated with basic biological processes. Furthermore, genes more highly expressed in one caste than another are overrepresented among high-CpG genes. Our results highlight the potential significance of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in developmental processes in social insects. In particular, the pervasiveness of DNA methylation in the genome of A. mellifera provides fertile ground for future studies of phenotypic plasticity and genomic imprinting.
Cable: it's not just for TV (1999)

Hybrid fiber-coaxial-cable systems can download data from the Internet at up to 30 Mb/s while also carrying multiple telephone channels and broadcast radio and TV signals-both analog and digital. This paper concentrates on single-access technology-cable modems. The cable modem packs the Internet data in the form of 10BASE-T frames, which are fed over an Rj-45 connection to the Ethernet network interface card (NIC) in a computer. The phone connections at the cable modem are for Internet protocol (IP) telephony, which has yet to come to residences in a big way. The connection between a cable modem and the Internet is packet-switched and so the link is always active. The standards for cable modems are discussed as is the sending of digitised voice over a packetised system.
synthesis of Functionalised derivatives of Pentaerythritol (2003)

The synthesis of functionalised derivatives of pentaerythritol has been attempted by the reaction of 1 with different aldehydes and nucleophilic reagents; the activity of various derivatives against hepatitis B virus has been studied.
Spatial differentiation of optical beams using phase-shifted Bragg grating (2014)

We present a theoretical study of a new application of the phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG) as an optical spatial differentiator operating in reflection. We demonstrate that the PSBG allows to calculate the first-order spatial derivative at oblique incidence and the second-order derivative at normal incidence. As an example, the differentiator is numerically shown to be able to convert an input 2D Gaussian beam into a 2D Hermite-Gaussian mode. We expect the proposed application to be useful for all-optical data processing.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF DEOXYHUMULONES WITH AIR. EVIDENCE OF DIVERGENT AND SEQUENTIAL PRODUCTS FROM DEOXYHUMULONES (1978)

Abstract Luft‐Oroxidation der Modell‐Desoxyhumulone (Ia), (Ib) (Darstellung beschrieben) bzw. (V) (Desoxyacetohumulon) führt zur Bildung der entsprechenden Humulone (IIa)+(IIIa) bzw. (IIb) + (IIIb) bzw. (VI) sowie der Chromanderivate (IV) bzw. (VII); im Falle von (V) entstehen in geringer Menge ferner die Verbindungen (VIIIa) und (VIIIb) (cis/trans‐Gemische).
Tips and Tricks in Fetal Echocardiography (2014)

* Introduction * Prerequisites * Salient Features * Fetal Visceral Situs * Size * Axis * Cardiac Anatomy * Views * Summary
Theoretical modeling of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with a solid nonfocusing pump light collector (1994)

We report theoretical modeling for a diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG laser in which the laser rod is fixed in a solid nonfocusing (prismatic) light collector. The geometry provides for pumping the rod from four sides, which gives a relatively uniform gain profile across the transverse section of the rod and enables a high tolerance of the laser output to resonator and pump diode misalignment. The numerical model is developed to illustrate how the pumping uniformity and the transfer efficiency are affected when changes in the collector and lasing materials are made. We use small-signal gain measurements to test the predictions of the model and to examine the extent to which surface scattering from the rough rod barrel further spatially averages the deposited pump energy. The effects of the different refractive indices of the rod, collector, and fixant and the absorption properties of the laser material on optical transfer efficiencies are discussed.
Dimorphism and virulence in Candida albicans (1998)

Two regulatory pathways govern filamentation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Recent virulence studies of filamentation regulatory mutants argue that both yeast and filamentous forms have roles in infection. Filamentation control pathways seem closely related in C. albicans and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus permitting speculation about C. albicans filamentation genes not yet discovered.
Denoising DNA deep sequencing data—high-throughput sequencing errors and their correction (2015)

Characterizing the errors generated by common high-throughput sequencing platforms and telling true genetic variation from technical artefacts are two interdependent steps, essential to many analyses such as single nucleotide variant calling, haplotype inference, sequence assembly and evolutionary studies. Both random and systematic errors can show a specific occurrence profile for each of the six prominent sequencing platforms surveyed here: 454 pyrosequencing, Complete Genomics DNA nanoball sequencing, Illumina sequencing by synthesis, Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing, Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. There is a large variety of programs available for error removal in sequencing read data, which differ in the error models and statistical techniques they use, the features of the data they analyse, the parameters they determine from them and the data structures and algorithms they use. We highlight the assumptions they make and for which data types these hold, providing guidance which tools to consider for benchmarking with regard to the data properties. While no benchmarking results are included here, such specific benchmarks would greatly inform tool choices and future software development. The development of stand-alone error correctors, as well as single nucleotide variant and haplotype callers, could also benefit from using more of the knowledge about error profiles and from (re)combining ideas from the existing approaches presented here.
Towards Dense Linear Algebra forHybrid GPU Accelerated Manycore Systems (2009)

If multicore is a disruptive technology, try to imagine hybrid multicore systems
enhanced with accelerators! This is happening today as accelerators, in particular Graphics
Processing Units (GPUs), are steadily making their way into the high performance computing
(HPC) world. We highlight the trends leading to the idea of hybrid manycore/GPU systems,
and we present a set of techniques that can be used to eciently program them. The presentation
is in the context of Dense Linear Algebra (DLA), a major building block for many
scientic computing applications.We motivate the need for new algorithms that would split the
computation in a way that would fully exploit the power that each of the hybrid components
oers. As the area of hybrid multicore/GPU computing is still in its infancy, we also argue
for its importance in view of what future architectures may look like. We therefore envision
the need for a DLA library similar to LAPACK but for hybrid manycore/GPU systems. We
illustrate the main ideas with an LU-factorization algorithm where particular techniques are
used to reduce the amount of pivoting, resulting in an algorithm achieving up to 388 GFlop/s
for single and up to 99:4 GFlop/s for double precision factorization on a hybrid Intel Xeon
(2x4 cores @ 2.33 GHz) { NVIDIA GeForce GTX 280 5 (240 cores @ 1.30 GHz) system.
Directed Evolution of the Promiscuous Esterase Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase II (2005)

A promiscuous activity of an existing enzyme can confer an evolutionary advantage by providing an immediate response to a new selection pressure and a starting point for the divergence of a new enzyme. This work seeks to examine how this process might take place. Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) is an enzyme that evolved to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) and performs this task at a remarkable rate (k(cat) approximately 10(6) s(-)(1)). hCAII also exhibits promiscuous activity toward highly activated esters such as 4-nitrophenyl acetate. We describe a much weaker esterase activity of hCAII toward the bulkier and much less activated ester substrate 2-naphthyl acetate (2NA). Directed evolution of hCAII produced a variant with 40-fold higher rates toward 2NA, owing to two mutations: one within the active site (Ala65Val) and one at its mouth (Thr200Ala). Structure-activity studies suggest that these mutations led to adaptation of the active site for bulkier substrates and for the catalysis of nonactivated esters. The mutations did not, however, significantly alter the native activity of hCAII. Our results support the notion that the evolution of a new function can be driven by mutations that increase a promiscuous function (which serves as the starting point for the evolutionary process) but do not harm the native function.
Differentiation of Schwann-like cells from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in vitro (2014)

The use of artificial nerves for the repair of peripheral nerve defects is restricted by the limited sources of Schwann cells (SCs). Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‑derived Schwann‑like cells are considered an alternative and desirable cell source. The aim of the present study was to establish a method of inducing directional differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) MSCs into Schwann‑like cells. Cells isolated from hUCB were cultured in MesenCult complete medium, a specialized culture medium for MSCs, to expand hUCBMSCs. hUCBMSCs were purified by repeated changing of the medium, and they were identified by detection of the specific cell surface markers for MSCs. For differentiation of Schwann‑like cells from hUCBMSCs, the purified cells were sequentially cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with various additives. Differentiated Schwann‑like cells were identified by the detection of SC‑specific markers, including S100b, glial fibrillary acidic protein and P75, by immunocytochemisty, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the majority of the differentiated cells presented classical dipolar and fusiform SC morphology. Notably, a large proportion of these cells expressed the three SC markers. These results suggest that hUCBMSCs can undergo directional differentiation into Schwann‑like cells in vitro and may be an important source of SCs for the treatment of peripheral nerve defects with tissue‑engineered artificial nerves.
Modeling Movie Life Cycles and Market Share (2005)

We examine box-office sales in the context of a market share model. This is accomplished by developing a combination of a sliding-window logit model and a gamma diffusion pattern in a hierarchical Bayes framework. We show that accounting for the full choice set available every week not only increases the fit of weekly movie sales but also leads to parameter estimates that depict a richer picture of the movie industry. We show that movie studios appear to have a good understanding of the products they produce, knowing when to support them and when not to. We also show that the effect of the number of opening week screens is overestimated in traditional models. Our research indicates that actors have a direct and directors an indirect effect on consumers’ movie choice. Releasing a movie contemporaneously with other movies of the same genre adversely affects box-office performance all around. Releasing a movie against movies of the same Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rating hurts its sales in the beginning, but there is a displacement effect, which leads to a less severe sales loss in the long run.
In Search of Elusive “Roadmap to a Cure,’ PH Community Finds Another Touchstone at Scientific Sessions (2006)

“Roadmap to a cure” sounds like a great theme for a medical conference but clinicians involved with pulmonary hypertension (PH) may view the title with more than a little skepticism because we all know how much work lies ahead before a cure can truly be achieved. The roadmap is actually elusive and the path has many pitfalls. Nevertheless, if the organizers of this year’s Seventh International Pulmonary Hypertension Conference and Scientific Sessions reached a bit too far with their title for what is actually not yet within our grasp, they also created Scientific Sessions filled with so much promise and hope that perhaps all attendees came away sensing that, indeed, we are not far from creating the roadmap to a cure. At least the sessions gave us another touchstone, a reference point and glimpse of signs guiding us in this direction.There were so many signs at this meeting—one of the few scientific meetings with a patient and physician component attended by hundreds of caregivers and patients alike—that the program has evolved into a major medical meeting for cardiologists and pulmonologists who want to keep pace with research and state-of-the-art practice in this field. It is the only conference devoted exclusively to pulmonary hypertension.Perhaps the best description of the roadmap theme came from Greg Elliott, MD, Chair of the Scientific Sessions Committee, whom we congratulate for helping to design an excellent program. He noted: “The roadmap developed by the efforts of so many in our community leads us toward our ultimate goal: finding a cure for this devastating condition. Coming together every two years at the International Conferences provides the perfect opportunity to survey our progress and to plan future work.” As Dr Elliott added, the conference is another benchmark, and he expressed the hope that “the ideas shared at this conference will spark the beginning of some spectacular advances in understanding PH that we will be able to share and speak about two years from now.”The focus of the scientific sessions concentrated on three areas—vascular inflammation, the genetics of PH, and new imaging techniques that may lead us to new and more effective therapies. With each advance in the coming years toward developing a cure, we can recall the 2006 PHA meeting, not only as another touchstone toward finding more effective ways to manage the disease but as a special event that strengthened the bonds between patients and caregivers to build an even stronger PH community.
Education and Argumentation. Perspectives for a Democratic Society in the Postmodern Era (2014)

This paper shows democracy as a way of Government that is the result of the exercise of democracy as the citizens’ way of life. By means of argumentation they build for themselves a set of values, from which individual and collective projects are conceived. At the same time, they impact their environment and transform it through the implementation of these projects. According to the proposals of German Vargas Guillen and Guillermo Bustamante Zamudio, it is necessary to design citizens’ formation projects for societies with these features. According to Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum and Pierre Levy, the question is what values are required to educate subjects who will be able to make such projects a reality.
An efficient equalization method to minimize delay spread in OFDM/DMT systems (2002)

A time domain equalization technique to be used in an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) or discrete multitone (DMT) system is proposed, which directly minimizes the delay spread of the overall channel impulse response (CIR). It is shown that this technique can provide superior performance compared to previous developments of equalizers, which are designed to maximize the impulse energy in a certain window. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated for transmission on local loop twisted pairs. The design algorithm requires a low computational complexity and is independent of the guard interval length. Simulation and analytical results visualize the performance of the new equalizer and compare it to those of a conventional equalizer.
An Area-Efficient Clamp Based on Transmission Gate Feedback Technology for Power Rail Electrostatic Discharge Protection (2015)

An area-efficient clamp based on transmission gate feedback technology is presented for power rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. With this novel design, only a time constant of 10 ns is required for triggering and keeping the clamp turn-on during an ESD event. Full chip ESD protection with this design can endure a human body model pulse of 4500 V. Compared with the conventional clamp with the same area, the proposed clamp has 28% improvement in ESD protection capability. Simulation results show that there is no mistriggering problem caused by power-on pulse and power noise.
Affinity capture of specific DNA fragments with short synthetic sequences (2013)

The ability of short peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers and oligonucleotides containing modified residues of 5-methylcitidine, 2-aminoadenosine and 5-propynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (strong binding oligonucleotides, SBO) to affinity capture the target double-stranded DNA fragment from mixture by means of the end invasion was compared. Both types of probes were highly effective at the conditions used. The SBO-based probes may represent a handy and easily prepared alternative to PNA for selection of target DNA fragments from mixtures.
Antibiotic resistance of <i>Salmonella typhi</i> in Bangladesh (1994)

Journal Article Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella typhi in Bangladesh Get access SAMIR K. SAHA, SAMIR K. SAHA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SOUMITRA K. SAHA SOUMITRA K. SAHA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 190–191, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/33.1.190 Published: 01 January 1994