gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and characterizations of thermally reworkable epoxy resins II (2000)

Flip-chip technology is a face-down attachment of the active side of the silicon device onto the substrate. It is the ultimate packaging solution to integrated circuit devices used in 21st century electronic systems to meet the requirements of small size, high performance, and low cost. Underfill technology enhances the flip chip on board cycle fatigue life and thus dramatically extends the application of flip-chip technology in electronics from high-end to cost-sensitive commodity products. Reworkable underfill is the key to addressing the nonreworkability of the underfill, so it is very important to electronic packaging. To meet the need for reworkable epoxy resins, four cycloaliphatic epoxides containing thermally cleavable carbonate linkages have been synthesized and characterized. These materials are shown to undergo curing reactions with cyclic anhydride similarly to a commercial cycloaliphatic diepoxide. Furthermore, these cured epoxides start to decompose at temperatures lower than 350 °C, the decomposition temperature for the cured sample of the commercial cycloaliphatic diepoxide. Two formulations based on two carbonate-containing diepoxides start network breakdown around 220 °C, which is the targeted rework temperature. Moreover, these two formulations have similar properties, including the glass-transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, storage modulus, viscosity, and adhesion, compared to the standard commercial diepoxide formulation. As such, these two formulations are potential candidates for a successful reworkable underfill. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3771–3782, 2000
Straining of colloidal particles in saturated porous media (2006)

Straining may influence the mobility of colloid‐sized particles within groundwater aquifers as well as within granular filters that are used in wastewater treatment. We conducted column transport experiments using latex microspheres as the colloids and quartz sand as the porous medium to investigate the response of colloid straining to changes in colloid diameter ( d p ) and sand grain diameter ( d g ). For these experiments the negatively charged microspheres were suspended in deionized water, and the quartz sand was thoroughly cleaned to minimize physicochemical deposition (attachment), which permitted the determination of straining in an unambiguous way. The measurements of strained (immobile phase) and effluent (aqueous phase) colloid concentrations could be described with a transport model that accounted for an exponential decline in straining rates with increasing concentrations of strained colloids. Best fit values of the model coefficient that quantified clean bed straining rates ( k o ) were negligibly small for d p / d g < 0.008 and, above this threshold, varied linearly with d p / d g . Our findings suggest that accurate inferences on the mobility of colloid‐sized particles will require consideration of the effects of straining when d p / d g exceeds 0.008.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise and Versatile Syntheses of N‐Arylalkylpiperidines as Potential Intermediates for 4‐Anilidopiperidine Analgesics. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Conformational states of chromatin в bodies induced by urea (1977)

Monomer chromatin nu bodies (nu1) from chicken erythrocyte nuclei were exposed to 0-10 M urea plus 0.2 mM EDTA (PH 7). Alterations in nu1 conformation were examined using hydrodynamic methods (i.e., S, eta, and (formula: see text)), thermal denaturation, circular dichroism, reactivity of histone thiol groups to N-ethyl maleimide, and electron microscopy. The two domains of a nu body (i.e., the DNA-rich shell and the protein-rich core) aeared to respond differently to the destabilizing effects of increasing urea; DNA conformation and stability exhibited noncooperative changes; the core protein structure revealed cooperative destabilization between 4 and 7 M urea. Companion studies on the conformation of the inner histone "heterotypic tetramer" also revealed cooperative destabilization with increasing urea concentration.
Average energy deposited per atom: A universal parameter for describing ion-assisted film growth? (1993)

The average energy deposited per atom, 〈Ed〉=Ei(Ji/JMe), where Ei is the ion energy and Ji/JMe is the ratio of the accelerated-ion to deposited-thermal-particle fluxes incident at the growing film, has been shown to be one of a set of parameters useful for describing the effects of low-energy ion irradiation on film microstructure during ion-assisted deposition. Recently, however, 〈Ed〉 has often been treated as if it were a fundamental, or universal, parameter. We have carried out experiments in which Ei (20–100 eV) and Ji/JMe (1–10) were varied independently during the deposition, at constant temperature, of polycrystalline Ti0.5Al0.5N films onto amorphous SiO2 substrates by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputtering in pure nitrogen. Ion-irradiation-induced changes in film microstructure, texture, phase composition, and nitrogen-to-metal ratio were found to follow distinctly different mechanistic pathways depending upon whether Ei or Ji/JMe was varied, resulting in quite different properties for the same value of 〈Ed〉. Thus, 〈Ed〉 is clearly not a universal parameter.
Single‐cell polyadenylation site mapping reveals 3′ isoform choice variability (2015)

Cell-to-cell variability in gene expression is important for many processes in biology, including embryonic development and stem cell homeostasis. While heterogeneity of gene expression levels has been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to mRNA polyadenylation isoform choice. 3' untranslated regions regulate mRNA fate, and their choice is tightly controlled during development, but how 3' isoform usage varies within genetically and developmentally homogeneous cell populations has not been explored. Here, we perform genome-wide quantification of polyadenylation site usage in single mouse embryonic and neural stem cells using a novel single-cell transcriptomic method, BATSeq. By applying BATBayes, a statistical framework for analyzing single-cell isoform data, we find that while the developmental state of the cell globally determines isoform usage, single cells from the same state differ in the choice of isoforms. Notably this variation exceeds random selection with equal preference in all cells, a finding that was confirmed by RNA FISH data. Variability in 3' isoform choice has potential implications on functional cell-to-cell heterogeneity as well as utility in resolving cell populations.
Grounded Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

In this work, we present the Grounded Recurrent Neural Network (GRNN), a recurrent neural network architecture for multi-label prediction which explicitly ties labels to specific dimensions of the recurrent hidden state (we call this process "grounding"). The approach is particularly well-suited for extracting large numbers of concepts from text. We apply the new model to address an important problem in healthcare of understanding what medical concepts are discussed in clinical text. Using a publicly available dataset derived from Intensive Care Units, we learn to label a patient's diagnoses and procedures from their discharge summary. Our evaluation shows a clear advantage to using our proposed architecture over a variety of strong baselines.
TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to activate wheat defense responses to stripe rust (2018)

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase (CIPKs) has been shown to be required for biotic stress tolerance of plants in plant-pathogen interactions. However, the roles of CIPKs in immune signalling of cereal crops and an in-depth knowledge of substrates of CIPKs in response to biotic stress are under debate. In this study, we identified and cloned a CIPK homologue gene TaCIPK10 from wheat. TaCIPK10 was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) inoculation and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. In vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrated that the kinase activity of TaCIPK10 is regulated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> and TaCBL4. Knockdown TaCIPK10 significantly reduced wheat resistance to Pst, whereas TaCIPK10 overexpression resulted in enhanced wheat resistance to Pst by the induction of defense response in different aspects, including hypersensitive cell death, ROS accumulation and pathogenesis-relative genes expression. Moreover, TaCIPK10 physically interacted with and phosphorylated TaNH2, which was homologous to AtNPR3/4. Silencing of TaNH2 in wheat resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the avirulent Pst race, CYR23, indicating its positive role in wheat resistance. Our results demonstrate that TaCIPK10 positively regulate wheat resistance to Pst as molecular links between of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and downstream components of defense response and TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to regulate wheat resistance to Pst.
Novel positioning method using Gaussian mixture model for a monolithic scintillator-based detector in positron emission tomography (2011)

We developed a high precision position decoding method for a positron emission tomography (PET) detector that consists of a thick slab scintillator coupled with a multichannel photomultiplier tube (PMT). The DETECT2000 simulation package was used to validate light response characteristics for a 48.8 mm×48.8 mm×10 mm slab of lutetium oxyorthosilicate coupled to a 64 channel PMT. The data are then combined to produce light collection histograms. We employed a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to parameterize the composite light response with multiple Gaussian mixtures. In the training step, light photons acquired by N PMT channels was used as an N-dimensional feature vector and were fed into a GMM training model to generate optimal parameters for M mixtures. In the positioning step, we decoded the spatial locations of incident photons by evaluating a sample feature vector with respect to the trained mixture parameters. The average spatial resolutions after positioning with four mixtures were 1.1 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the corner and 1.0 mm FWHM at the center section. This indicates that the proposed algorithm achieved high performance in both spatial resolution and positioning bias, especially at the corner section of the detector.
Insulation Resistance and Leakage Currents in Low-Voltage Ceramic Capacitors With Cracks (2014)

Measurement of insulation resistance (IR) in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) is considered a screening technique that ensures the dielectric is defect-free. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of this technique for revealing cracks in ceramic capacitors. It is shown that absorption currents prevail over the intrinsic leakage currents during standard IR measurements at room temperature. Absorption currents, and consequently IR, have a weak temperature dependence, increase linearly with voltage (before saturation), and are not sensitive to the presence of mechanical defects. On the contrary, intrinsic leakage currents increase super-linearly with voltage and exponentially with temperature (activation energy is in the range from 0.6 to 1.1 eV). Leakage currents associated with the presence of cracks have a weaker dependence on temperature and voltage compared with the intrinsic leakage currents. For this reason, intrinsic leakage currents prevail at high temperatures and voltages, thus masking the presence of defects.
“Com quantos paus se faz uma canoa?” Etnomatemática, interculturalidade e infância indígena na educação infantil urbana (2018)

Historicamente a Educação Infantil surge enquanto política compensatória à classe operária a partir da inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, o que justifica, em tese, uma das “histórias” que revela seu caráter médico-higienista no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Contudo, pouco observa-se a preocupação com os povos indígenas e os modos de viver a infância desta parcela significativa que “sobrevive” no Brasil. Apresenta-se neste paper uma discussão teórica de uma proposta interventiva, de cunho extensionista, cujo objeto e objetivo residem na implementação e instrumentalização de práticas pedagógicas de atendimento à criança indígena, em uma abordagem Etnomatemática, nos espaços das instituições de Educação Infantil do município de Naviraí, interior do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul – MS. Para sua efetivação, serão suscitadas reflexões, planejamento e ações no ambiente da creche e da pré-escola, durante o ano de 2018, na perspectiva da Interculturalidade como pressuposto básico para respeito às diferenças e à garantia dos Direitos Humanos e sociais da cultura indígena no meio urbano. Temos aqui a promissora possibilidade de atender uma demanda social emergente local, como também de tentar garantir, minimamente, que estas crianças se incluam e interajam nas práticas culturais decorrentes das experiências escolares.
Isomer Distribution and Partial Rate Factors in the Gallium Bromide Catalyzed Alkylation of Benzene and Toluene. The Selectivity Factor, S<sub>f</sub>, in Electrophilic Substitution<sup>1,2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomer Distribution and Partial Rate Factors in the Gallium Bromide Catalyzed Alkylation of Benzene and Toluene. The Selectivity Factor, Sf, in Electrophilic Substitution1,2Herbert C. Brown and Charles R. SmootCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 24, 6255–6259Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01605a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01605a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DuerQuiz (2019)

In talent recruitment, the job interview aims at selecting the right candidates for the right jobs through assessing their skills and experiences in relation to the job positions. While tremendous efforts have been made in improving job interviews, a long-standing challenge is how to design appropriate interview questions for comprehensively assessing the competencies that may be deemed relevant and representative for person-job fit. To this end, in this research, we focus on the development of a personalized question recommender system, namely DuerQuiz, for enhancing the job interview assessment. DuerQuiz is a fully deployed system, in which a knowledge graph of job skills, Skill-Graph, has been built for comprehensively modeling the relevant competencies that should be assessed in the job interview. Specifically, we first develop a novel skill entity extraction approach based on a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with a Conditional Random Field (CRF) layer (LSTM-CRF) neural network enhanced with adapted gate mechanism. In particular, to improve the reliability of extracted skill entities, we design a label propagation method based on more than 10 billion click-through data from the large-scale Baidu query logs. Furthermore, we discover the hypernym-hyponym relations between skill entities and construct the Skill-Graph by leveraging the classifier trained with extensive contextual features. Finally, we design a personalized question recommendation algorithm based on the Skill-Graph for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of job interview assessment. Extensive experiments on real-world recruitment data clearly validate the effectiveness of DuerQuiz, which had been deployed for generating written exercises in the 2018 Baidu campus recruitment event and received remarkable performances in terms of efficiency and effectiveness for selecting outstanding talents compared with a traditional non-personalized human-only assessment approach.
Scaling and related techniques for geometry problems (1984)

Three techniques in computational geometry are explored: Scaling solves a problem by viewing it at increasing levels of numerical precision; activation is a restricted type of update operation, useful in sweep algorithms; the Cartesian tree is a data structure for problems involving maximums and minimums. These techniques solve the minimum spanning tree problem in Rk1 and Rk@@@@ in O(n(lg n)rlg lg n) time and O(n) space, where for Rk@@@@ and k ≥ 3, r = k-2; for Rk1, r = 1, 2, 4 for k = 3, 4, 5 and r = k for k > 5. Other problems solved include Rk1and Rk all nearest neighbors, post office and maximum spanning tree; Rk maxima, Rk rectangle searching problems, and Zkp all nearest neighbors (1 ≤ p ≤ @@@@).
Antihypertensive peptides derived from milk proteins (1999)

This paper reviews the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides originated from milk proteins. Focus was put on the peptides derived from milk casein by the action of some proteolytic enzymes and fermented products by lactic acid bacteria. Some of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides exhibit significant antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, there were some antihypertensive peptides with low inhibitory activity of this enzyme. Key factors needed for the peptide to demonstrate the antihypertensive effects are discussed. Fermented milk, which has inhibitory activity of the enzyme, showed the reduction of blood pressure of hypertensive subjects. The possibility of the bioactive peptides for functional foods are also discussed.
Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors for Large-Area Liquid Crystal Display (1992)

A low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT), having inverted-staggered structure, has been developed successfully using excimer laser annealing and ion doping. This TFT is suitable for pixel transistors of large-area and high-resolution LCDs. The maximum process temperature of the TFT fabrication steps is less than 450°C, so the same glass substrate on which amorphous Si TFT arrays are formed can be used in this poly-Si TFT process. Furthermore, most of the procedures, equipment and thin-film materials used to fabricate amorphous Si TFTs are compatible with fabrication of the poly-Si TFTs. On the other hand, some investigation of the CMOS driver circuit has been done, and it has been found that the threshold voltage of these poly-Si TFTs can be controlled easily by lightly doping of B ion into the channel region using the ion doping system.
Control of Catechol and Hydroquinone Electron-Transfer Kinetics on Native and Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes (1999)

The electrochemical oxidation of dopamine, 4-methylcatechol, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, dihydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol, and hydroquinone was examined on several native and modified glassy carbon (GC) surfaces. Treatment of polished GC with pyridine yielded small ΔEp values for cyclic voltammetry of all systems studied, implying fast electron-transfer kinetics. Changes in surface oxide coverage had little effect on kinetics, nor did the charge of the catechol species or the solution pH. Small ΔEp values correlated with catechol adsorption, and surface pretreatments that decreased adsorption also increased ΔEp. Electron transfer from catechols was profoundly inhibited by a monolayer of nitrophenyl or (trifluoromethyl)phenyl (TFMP) groups on the GC surface, so that voltammetric waves were not observed. The ΔEp increased monotonically with surface coverage of TFMP groups. The results indicate that catechol adsorption to GC is required for fast electron transfer for the redox systems studied. Unlike Ru(NH3)63+/2+, chlorpromazine, methyl viologen, and several others, electron tunneling through monolayer films was not observed for the catechols. The results are not consistent with an electron-transfer mechanism involving proton transfer or electrostatic interactions between the catechols and surface sites on the GC surface. The vital role of adsorption in the electron-transfer process is currently under study but appears to involve changes in the inner-sphere reorganization energy.
West Nile Virus Transmission in Resident Birds, Dominican Republic (2003)

We report West Nile virus (WNV) activity in the Dominican Republic for the first time. Specific anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 5 (15%) of 33 resident birds sampled at one location in November 2002. One seropositive bird was <4 months old, indicating a recent infection.
Direct Oxidative Glycosylations with Glycal Donors (1998)

Oxidative glycosidations with glycal donors using the reagent combination of triflic anhydride and di-Ph sulfoxide are reported.
Lateral Epitaxial Growth over Oxide (1985)

We model numerically formation of thick dielectrically isolated films by recrystallization from the melt. Si films are deposited over oxidized Si wafers, with a regular array of seeding windows opened in the isolation oxide. A stationary radiative heater melts the entire film and crystallization is controlled by the pattern of openings in the . The model provides two‐dimensional temperature profiles during melting and solidification as well as the shape of the solid‐liquid interface and its motion. It also predicts the amount of superheating and undercooling at the buried oxide as a function of the spacing between the windows in the oxide. The computed results are in agreement with the experimental data and clarify the influence of several processing parameters on melting and crystallization.
Spatial and temporal organization of replicating <i>Escherichia coli</i> chromosomes (2003)

The positions of DNA regions close to the chromosome replication origin and terminus in growing cells of Escherichia coli have been visualized simultaneously, using new widely applicable reagents. Furthermore, the positions of these regions with respect to a replication factory-associated protein have been analysed. Time-lapse analysis has allowed the fate of origins, termini and the FtsZ ring to be followed in a lineage-specific manner during the formation of microcolonies. These experiments reveal new aspects of the E. coli cell cycle and demonstrate that the replication terminus region is frequently located asymmetrically, on the new pole side of mid-cell. This asymmetry could provide a mechanism by which the chromosome segregation protein FtsK, located at the division septum, can act directionally to ensure that the septal region is free of DNA before the completion of cell division.