gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma with high-dose oral BCG (1981)

Thirty patients with unresectable disseminated melanoma (Stage IV) were treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Moreau strain--Rio de Janeiro) by mouth, with weekly doses ranging between 200 mg and 28,000 mg. Five patients died in the first two months of treatment. Of the remaining 25 patients, two (8%) showed complete regression, and one (4%) partial regression. Seven patients (28%) had stabilization of the disease for a six-month period, and 15 (60%) had progression of the disease. Complete and partial regressions were seen only in patients with extravisceral (subcutaneous) metastases, and were associated with a longer survival time. Regression of the subcutaneous metastatic nodules was always accompanied by the following local phenomena: increased temperature; local inflammation; softening, pain and pruritus at the nodule site; and a gradual decrease in size. At the site of the tumor mass, a hypochromic halo appeared. This halo remained permanently and was pathognomonic of the metastatic nodule rejection. When the halo was fully established, the inflammatory infiltrate was minimal and the malignant cells disappeared. If the area contained hairs, they underwent complete albinization. Serial biopsies of the nodules undergoing inflammatory changes and decreased consistency exhibited an intense cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells around the malignant cells. This sometimes simulated lymphoid follicle formation involving the melanoma cells associated with necrosis in a centripetal way. Some patients with visceral metastases (particularly pulmonary) had an unexpectedly long survival, apparently associated with interruption of the growth rate of the masses. Eleven out of 20 deaths were due to cerebral metastases. When cerebral disease was diagnosed, BCG was discontinued and the administration of corticoids was usually associated with a disappearance of the inflammatory signs at the nodule sites, but with progression of the disease. Toxicity was minimal.
ANTI-cancer Activities of Hypericin in the Dark¶ (2001)

The potent photodynamic properties of hypericin (HY) elicit a range of light-dependent virucidal and tumoricidal activities. Yet, a relatively low reduction/oxidation potential endows HY with electron accepting and donating properties enabling it to act as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent. HY can thus compete as an electron acceptor from bioenergized reduction/oxidation reactions generating its excitation energy for biological activities from physiological reduction/oxidation reactions in the absence of light. Our studies show that HY can inhibit the growth of highly metastatic murine breast adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumors in culture. Furthermore, we show that HY can interfere with the growth of these tumors in mice reducing tumor size and prolonging animal survival in complete absence of light. While there is no evidence that HY induces apoptosis in these cells in the dark, 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA was significantly reduced indicating effects that are apparently cytostatic in nature compared to the cytocidal effects of HY with light.
40×117.6 Gb/s PDM-16QAM OFDM Transmission over 10,181 km with Soft-Decision LDPC Coding and Nonlinearity Compensation (2012)

Transmission of 117.6Gb/s optical PDM-16QAM OFDM signals over 10,181km is demonstrated at 25-GHz channel spacing with 4.7 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency. All the errors have been corrected by using 25% overhead QC-LDPC after multi-band nonlinearity compensation.
A Machine Learning Based Framework for Sub-Resolution Assist Feature Generation (2016)

Sub-Resolution Assist Feature (SRAF) generation is a very important resolution enhancement technique to improve yield in modern semiconductor manufacturing process. Model- based SRAF generation has been widely used to achieve high accuracy but it is known to be time consuming and it is hard to obtain consistent SRAFs on the same layout pattern configurations. This paper proposes the first ma- chine learning based framework for fast yet consistent SRAF generation with high quality of results. Our technical con- tributions include robust feature extraction, novel feature compaction, model training for SRAF classification and pre- diction, and the final SRAF generation with consideration of practical mask manufacturing constraints. Experimental re- sults demonstrate that, compared with commercial Calibre tool, our machine learning based SRAF generation obtains 10X speed up and comparable performance in terms of edge placement error (EPE) and process variation (PV) band.
Sonolytic Control of Rate of Gold(III) Reduction and Size of Formed Gold Nanoparticles: Relation between Reduction Rates and Sizes of Formed Nanoparticles (2002)

Abstract The sonochemical reduction of gold(III) [tetrachloroaurate(III)] was carried out under various irradiation conditions in an aqueous solution containing only a small amount of 1-propanol. Identical starting materials and the same initial concentrations were used in each preparation. The rates of gold(III) reduction were strongly dependent on the atmosphere, the temperature of the bulk solution, the intensity of the ultrasound, and the distance of the reaction vessel from the oscillator. For example, the rates of reduction under several atmospheres were in the order of CH4 = CO2 &lt; N2 &lt; Ne &lt; He &lt; Ar &lt; Kr, where no reduction proceeded under the CH4 and CO2 atmospheres. It was clearly found that the rates of reduction were influenced by the cavitation phenomenon. Upon irradiation, colloidal gold particles having a surface plasmon absorption were formed, although in the absence of any stabilizers for the gold particles. It was found by TEM observations that the average size of the formed gold particles changed from 30 to 120 nm by selecting the irradiation parameters. The size of the gold particles was closely correlated to the initial rate of gold(III) reduction; the higher the rate of reduction, the smaller the particles. This relationship suggested that the rate of reduction would affect the initial gold nucleation processes. In a 200 kHz standing wave system used in the present study, the strength of the generated shock waves as well as the mechanical effects could be regarded as relatively weak.
Studies on spasmolytics. I. Synthesis and spasmolytic activities of 4-acyloxy-1-(1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)piperidines. (1984)

Twenty-four derivatives (5) of 4-acyloxy-1-(1, 3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl) piperidine were synthesized and their spasmolytic activities were examined. Some of them showed remarkable papaverine-like and/or atropine-like activities ; in particular, compounds 5c, 5d, 5e, 5l, and 5p were as active or more active than papaverine. The introduction of lipophilic substituents on the dioxolane moiety increased the papaverine-like activity.
Potential prophylactic value of bovine colostrum in necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: an<i>in vitro</i>study on bacterial attachment, antibody levels and cytokine production (2006)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important disease of low birth-weight neonates. The immaturity of the gut mucosa may result in close contact between the host epithelium and microorganisms which are normally confined to the gut lumen. Damage of the mucosa due to endotoxin, cytokine production or other factors is believed to then occur. The aim of this study was to determine whether spray-dried bovine colostrum demonstrated potential in vitro as a prophylactic for NEC. Antiadherence was measured using a tissue culture assay and antibody levels against Enterobacteriaceae were determined by ELISA. The effect of bovine colostrum on the production of cytokines implicated in NEC was determined by a multiplex bead assay. Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae were common in both NEC positive and NEC negative infants and IgA and IgG1 antibodies to these species were present in the bovine colostrum. Pretreatment with bovine colostrum produced a significant decrease (P<0.001) in attachment of bacteria to HT-29 cells. Bovine colostrum significantly increased the production of IL-8 in HT-29 cells and IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in THP-1 cells (P<0.001). The potential of bovine colostrum to increase the production of inflammatory mediators could limit its usefulness.
A Capacitively-Loaded Quasi-Planar Ka-Band Resonator (2006)

A quasi-planar 250-μm-thick Ka-Band resonator is designed and fabricated using a planarized microfabrication process. An air-filled TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">101</sub> cavity resonator is modified to include vertical posts for improved mechanical stability and a metallic capacitive loading puck to reduce the overall device footprint. This 7.5mm by 7.5mm footprint is roughly 15% smaller than that of an unaltered cavity resonator at the same frequency. Numerical modeling accurately predicts the behavior of the resonator and can be used for the extraction of an equivalent circuit and a loss budget for the device. The demonstrated unloaded quality factor (Q) is 442 at 25.75 GHz.
Metal Ion Complexes of Aromatic Amino Acids (1966)

This study has shown that certain ring substitutions on aminobenzoic acids are possible without greatly affecting the favorable chelating properties of the parent ligand. It was also shown that para substitution of methyl groups yields more stable complexes than does ortho substitution relative to the amino group. Meta substitution of chlorine enhances chelate formation and yields very insoluble complexes in yields approaching one hundred per cent. Based on carbon-hydrogen analyses and other analytical data, the structures have been determined as square planar ones in which the ligand functions as a bidentate. Some water is usually incorporated in the crystal lattice, and occasionally a complex will contain one or more molecules of coordinated water. The variable amount of water in some compound crystals makes the carbonhydrogen data less exact and tends to obscure interpretation of at least some of the infrared data. Lack of solubility in water and in other polar and nonpolar solvents increases the difficulty of both infrared and ultraviolet-visible analyses; in every case potassium bromide tablets were made and were used in both infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers; evidence obtained through study of the ultraviolet-visible data are not presented here, but there substantiate the data obtained by the other methods. With the ligands and metal cations used, fifty-five compounds were possible; forty-four of these were actually prepared and isolated, and of these, thirty-five were shown to be coordination complexes. Twenty-seven of these complexes were previously unreported including all the compounds reported for 3,5-dimethylanthranilic acid, 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid, and 6-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid.
<b><i>In vivo</i></b>change in ultrasonic backscattered energy with temperature in motion-compensated images (2008)

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for non-invasive imaging to monitor temperature of tumorous regions undergoing hyperthermia therapy. Previously, we predicted monotonic changes in backscattered energy (CBE) of ultrasound with temperature for certain sub-wavelength scatterers. We also measured CBE values similar to our predictions in bovine liver, turkey breast muscle, and pork rib muscle in both 1D and 2D in in vitro studies. To corroborate those results in perfused, living tissue, we measured CBE in both normal tissue and in implanted human tumors (HT29 colon cancer line) in 7 nude mice. Images were formed by a phased-array imager with a 7.5 MHz linear probe during homogeneous heating from 37 degrees to 45 degrees C in 0.5 degrees C steps and from body temperature to 43 degrees C during heterogeneous heating. We used cross-correlation as a similarity measure in RF signals to automatically track feature displacement as a function of temperature. Feature displacement was non-uniform with a maximum value of 1 mm across all specimens during homogeneous heating, and 0.2 mm during heterogeneous heating. Envelopes of image regions, compensated for non-rigid motion, were found with the Hilbert transform then smoothed with a 3 x 3 running average filter before forming the backscattered energy at each pixel. Means of both the positive and negative changes in the BE images were evaluated. CBE was monotonic and accumulated to 4-5 dB during homogeneous heating to 45 degrees C and 3-4 dB during heterogenous heating to 43 degrees C. These results are consistent with our previous in vitro measurements and support the use of CBE for temperature estimation in vivo during hyperthermia.
Die schlichten Gräber von Kaunos und verwandte Bestattungen im westlichen Kleinasien (2006)

Es ist heute eine fast zur Tradition gewordene Praxis der Mittelmeer-Archäologie, vorzugsweise die Gräber zum Forschungsgegenstand auszuwählen, die mehr oder minder monumental sind, die nicht monumentalen jedoch in den Arbeiten nur am Rande zu erwähnen. So werden die schlichten Gräber von den Archäologen oft vernachlässigt, obwohl diese bei Ausgrabung am häufigsten zutage treten und über den Totenkult der Antike am anschaulichsten Auskunft geben. Nicht anders ist die Situation in den Städten des westlichen Kleinasiens. Man kann hier auf keine Arbeit hinweisen, die sich mit den schlichten Gräbern Westanatoliens detailliert und zugleich zusammenfassend beschäftigt hat. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den Versuch dar, sich in erster Linie den schlichten Grabtypen einer antiken Stadt, denen von Kaunos, zu widmen. Sie setzt sich das Ziel, die einfachen Gräber mit ihren Grabbeigaben primär in Kaunos, sekundär im westlichen Kleinasien zu erforschen.
Lack of Self-Administration of Cocaine in Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>Receptor Knock-Out Mice (2007)

Evidence suggests a critical role for dopamine in the reinforcing effects of cocaine in rats and primates. However, self-administration has been less often studied in the mouse species, and, to date, "knock-out" of individual dopamine-related genes in mice has not been reported to reduce the reinforcing effects of cocaine. We studied the dopamine D1 receptor and cocaine self-administration in mice using a combination of gene-targeted mutation and pharmacological tools. Two cohorts with varied breeding and experimental histories were tested, and, in both cohorts, there was a significant decrease in the number of D1 receptor knock-out mice that met criteria for acquisition of cocaine self-administration (2 of 23) relative to wild-type mice (27 of 32). After extinction of responding with saline self-administration, dose-response studies showed that cocaine reliably and dose dependently maintained responding greater than saline in all wild-type mice but in none of the D1 receptor knock-out mice. The D1-like agonist SKF 82958 (2,3,4,5,-tetrahydro-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide) and the D2-like agonist quinelorane both functioned as positive reinforcers in wild-type mice but not in D1 receptor mutant mice, whereas food and intravenous injections of the opioid agonist remifentanil functioned as positive reinforcers in both genotypes. Finally, pretreatment with the D1-like antagonist SCH 23390 [R-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine-7-01] produced surmountable antagonism of the reinforcing effects of cocaine in the commonly used strain C57BL/6J. We conclude that D1 receptor knock-out mice do not reliably self-administer cocaine and that the D1 receptor is critical for the reinforcing effects of cocaine and other dopamine agonists, but not food or opioids, in mice.
<i>Fast</i> -Painting of Human Metaphase Spreads Using a Chromosome-Specific, Repeat-Depleted DNA Library Probe (1998)

For chromosome painting, in situ suppression of repetitive DNA sequences has been well established. Such standard protocols usually require large amounts of Cot-I DNA. Recently, it has become possible to deplete repetitive DNA sequences from library probes by magnetic purification and PCR-assisted affinity chromatography. These "repeat-depleted library probes" appear to be extremely useful for Fast-FISH, a technique that omits denaturing chemical agents such as formamide in the hybridization buffer, resulting in a substantial acceleration and simplification of the complete protocol. Shown here is the application of Fast-FISH to a repeat-depleted, directly fluorochrome-labeled library probe of the q-arm of chromosome 15 (Fast-Painting) for human lymphocyte metaphase spreads. Following painting without Cot-I DNA and without formamide, visual inspection revealed sufficient chromosome painting after a few hours of hybridization. The fluorescence signals of the labeling sites were analyzed after hybridization times of 1 and 2 h (in one case, 4 h) using digital fluorescence microscopy. The painting efficiency expressed in values of relative fluorescence signal ratios was quantitatively evaluated by image analysis using line-scan procedures and area-morphometry of mean luminance. Two preparation protocols (ethanol dehydration without and with RNase A treatment followed by pepsin digestion for four different exposure times) were compared. These results indicated that RNase A treatment and pepsin digestion are steps that can be omitted.
Overview of uplink control channel for carrier aggregation enhancements in LTE Rel. 13 (2015)

Frequency Spectrum is a non-renewable limited radio resource and therefore every effort has been made to efficiently utilize the spectrum. In LTE Release 10, 3GPP introduced carrier aggregation as a key enabler to meet the requirements set by IMT-Advanced by combining component carriers and have an aggregated bandwidth of up to 100 MHz. Further enhancements in LTE Rel. 11 and 12 have been introduced to support several configurations in time-division duplex and frequency-division duplex. Latest developments involve expanding carrier aggregation up to 32 component carriers in LTE Rel. 13. This would have challenging implications on the current control signaling support both in the downlink and uplink. In this paper, we identify the payload for uplink control information on physical uplink control channel to support carrier aggregation enhancements, analyze the limitations of existing formats and propose a simplified yet effective solution to provide reasonable support for transmitting uplink control information with larger payload.
Peer Reviewed: The Incidence and Health Economic Burden of Ischemic Amputation in Minnesota, 2005-2008 (2011)

Introduction
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease (PAD), is associated with high rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and amputation, and has a high health economic cost. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of lower limb amputation, the most serious consequence of CLI, and to create a surveillance methodology for the incidence of ischemic amputation in Minnesota.
Backstepping and Sliding Mode Control Hybridized for a Prosthetic Hand (2008)

Open loop and force controllers are compared experimentally with three robust parallel force-velocity controllers that are developed for a prosthetic hand. Robust sliding mode, backstepping, and hybrid sliding mode-backstepping (HSMBS) parallel force-velocity controllers are tested by ten able-bodied subjects. Results obtained with a myoelectrically controlled prosthesis indicate that all three robust controllers offer a statistically significant improvement over linear hand prosthesis control schemes. The robust controllers enable the human operators to more easily manipulate a delicate object. Bench top experiments combined with quantitative and qualitative evaluations from ten test subjects reveal the HSMBS controller to be the best choice to improve control of powered prosthetic hands.
Degradation of Cartilage Matrix by Purified Elastase And Its Control by an Endogenous Purified Specific Cartilage Elastase Inhibitor (1986)

The extracellular matrix of cartilage is responsible for the resiliency, tensile strength plus ion and water binding ability of this tissue. Any modification in the arrangement or composition of proteoglycans, collagen and glycoproteins found in the cartilage matrix affects these properties. Such modification can be derived by the action of hydrolytic enzymes originating from chrondrocytes or from cells attracted in the cartilage area by chemotaxis.
JP-8 jet fuel exposure and divided attention test performance in 1991 Gulf War veterans. (2005)

These data on unhealthy Gulf veterans show an acceleration of divided attention task performance over the course of repeated low-level JP-8 exposures. The present faster reaction times are consistent with rat neurobehavioral studies on environmental toxicant cross-sensitization and nonlinear dose-response patterns with stimulant drugs, as well as some previous civilian studies using other exposure agents. Together with previous research findings, the data suggest involvement of central nervous system dopaminergic pathways in affected Gulf veterans.
Spline Mojette Transform. Applications In Tomography And Communications (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
A simulation of emission and transmission noise propagation in cardiac SPECT imaging with nonuniform attenuation correction (1994)

Transmission computed tomography provides information needed for nonuniform attenuation correction of cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nonuniform attenuation correction is accomplished using an iterative ML-EM algorithm and a projection-backprojection operation that incorporates attenuation factors measured from the reconstructed transmission map. The precision and accuracy of the attenuation corrected emission reconstruction is a function of emission and transmission statistics. This paper presents an error propagation analysis that uses a mathematical cardiac chest phantom to simulate various combinations of total emission counts C and transmission flux I0 under ideal imaging conditions (without geometric response distortion and without scatter). The spatial average, spatial variance, and accuracy measures for a 4 x 4 pixel region in the heart are tabulated after 30 iterations of the ML-EM algorithm. The confidence intervals for these measures were determined from 1000 realizations of reconstructions from projections randomly generated with the same transmission and emission statistics. It can be shown empirically from the simulation results that the spatial %rms uncertainty for the simulated cardiac region has a simple expression: %rms2 = K1/C+K2/I0(2)+B2 where K1 and K2 are least-square estimates based on the simulation results, and B is the measured spatial %rms uncertainty for the simulation at infinite statistics. For a transmission incident flux of 1500 events per projection bin of 0.712 cm and typical clinical emission events totaling 1 x 10(5), the spatial %rms uncertainty is approximately 14%. At clinical transmission and emission statistics, the statistical noise in the simulated attenuation-corrected reconstructions are dominated by the emission statistics.