gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Serotonin Receptor Subtypes in a Limbic and a Neocortical Region in Autism (2013)

Autism is a behaviorally defined, neurological disorder with symptom onset before the age of 3. Abnormalities in social-emotional behaviors are a core deficit in autism, and are characterized by impaired reciprocal-social interaction, lack of facial expressions, and the inability to recognize familiar faces. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and fusiform gyrus (FG) are two regions within an extensive limbic-cortical network that contribute to social-emotional behaviors. Evidence indicates that changes in brains of individuals with autism begin prenatally. Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the earliest expressed neurotransmitters, and plays an important role in synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration. Abnormalities in 5-HT systems have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including autism, as evidenced by immunology, imaging, genetics, pharmacotherapy, and neuropathology. Although information is known regarding peripheral 5-HT in autism, there is emerging evidence that 5-HT systems in the central nervous system, including various 5-HT receptor subtypes and transporters, are affected in autism. The present study demonstrated significant reductions in 5-HT1A receptor-binding density in superficial and deep layers of the PCC and FG, and in the density of 5-HT(2A) receptors in superficial layers of the PCC and FG. A significant reduction in the density of serotonin transporters (5-HTT) was also found in the deep layers of the FG, but normal levels were demonstrated in both layers of the PCC and superficial layers of the FG. This study provides potential substrates for decreased 5-HT modulation/innervation in the autism brain, and implicate two 5-HT receptor subtypes as potential neuromarkers for novel or existing pharmacotherapies.
Sovok (1994)

"Sovok": I've always shied away from using that ugly word. Maybe it has to do too with the fact that I first encountered this lexical monster on Brighton Beach, where Russian guests were called "Soves" and "vacuum cleaners" with the lack of ceremony typical of the place. However, in the writing of the most audacious Komsomol-type journalists, "Sovok" became an official curse word designating a totality of qualities that adorn only Soviet man: a violent thirst for equality, a deaf hatred for anyone else's success, and an indolence that blazes energy.
The Measurement of Androgens (2013)

A number of androgens are measured for clinical purposes. Most laboratories will run a testosterone assay but the requirement for other androgens may be too small for a laboratory to set up their own assay. In these cases samples would be sent to a specialized laboratory. In the routine laboratory testosterone is analyzed on automated systems but these lack the sensitivity to accurately measure the hormone in children and normal women. Many laboratories analyzed such samples by radioimmunoassay, but tandem mass spectrometry is now replacing these assays. This chapter provides simple methods for measuring the androgens in serum and saliva by radioimmunoassay and tandem mass spectrometry.
Analysis of circular cluster tools: Transient behavior and semiconductor equipment models (2010)

A cluster tool consists of a collection of wafer processing chambers housed in a chassis about a wafer transport robot. Cluster tools are of increasing importance in semiconductor wafer manufacturing. While much effort has been focused on the modeling and optimization of such tools in steady state, less attention has been paid to transient modeling. It is anticipated that there will be smaller lot sizes, more product changeovers and an increase in setups brought about by the transition to 450mm wafer diameters and product customization. As such, transient behavior may become the norm rather than the exception. In this paper we conduct a rigorous analysis of the cycle time of wafers that includes transient behavior, diverse process times and robot movement. The results extend existing analyzes, provide justification of existing approximations and allow us to develop more expressive and simple approximations for the cycle time. The models, which include the robot as a resource, can be used to replace the common affine Ax+B tool model in fab level simulations. A study of the quality and computational complexity of various transient models is conducted.
Distinct regions of loss of heterozygosity on 22q in different sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. (2002)

These data suggest that distinct regions on 22q are involved in LOH in oral cavity and laryngeal tumorigenesis, but do not support a similar association between the development of pharyngeal tumors and genes located on 22q. These findings implicate the presence of different tumor suppressor genes mapping to distinct regions on chromosome 22q in oral and laryngeal carcinomas.
A Rapid Method for Determination of Limonin in Citrus Juices by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1984)

ABSTRACT The bitter component, limonin, was quantified in orange and grapefruit juices after preliminary separation on a C‐18 cartridge, or by direct injection of the juice onto a C‐18 or C‐8 high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) column. The lower limit of detection for limonin was about 1 ppm on a 2.1 mm i.d. microbore column and 2 ppm on a 4.6 mm i.d. analytical column. In a few orange juice samples, the preliminary separation step was necessary to eliminate interfering substances prior to HPLC separation.
Comparison of results of three commercial heartworm antigen test kits in dogs with low heartworm burdens (2003)

Results indicated that sensitivity of the 3 commercially available heartworm antigen test kits ranged from 78 to 84% when used to test serum samples from dogs with low heartworm burdens, and that sensitivity varied among test kits. For all 3 test kits, specificity was 97%. All 3 test kits yielded false-positive and false-negative results for some dogs with low heartworm burdens.
Applied self-recovery technique to link and neuron prunings (2002)

Pruning algorithms based on shifting the weights of pruned links and/or neurons to the surviving parts of the network are described. After network training has completed, each hidden neuron that has insignificant effect on the performance is removed and its connection weights are shifted to other links. Experiment results show that in a classification problem, 5% to 45% of the links can be removed while the pruned network can still have essentially the same performance as the unpruned network. This technique does not require a retraining process or modification of the error cost function. The time complexities of the link and neuron pruning algorithms are O(n/sup 2/) and O(m), respectively, where n is the number of links of a neuron and m is the number of neurons in the given network.
Self-starting 6.5-fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser using a semiconductor saturable absorber and double chirped mirrors (1998)

We demonstrate self-starting 6.5-fs pulses from a Kerr-lens-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with an average output power of 200 mW at a pulse repetition rate of 86 MHz. We have achieved a mode-locking buildup time of only 60 /spl mu/s, using a broad-band semiconductor saturable absorber mirror to initiate the pulse formation. The dispersion has been compensated with a prism pair in combination with improved double-chirped mirrors. The prism pair allows for the flexible adjustment of both the duration and the center wavelength of the pulse. The double-chirped mirrors show a high reflectivity better than 99.8% over the full bandwidth of 300 nm and a controlled group delay over more than 250 nm. The choice of a proper output coupler turns out to be critical for ultrashort pulse generation directly from the laser.
Confirmation of oxidative dehalogenation of pentachlorophenol by a Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol hydroxylase (1992)

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) hydroxylase purified from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 converted PCP or 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol to tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone (TeCH) with the co-consumption of O2 and NADPH. The purified enzyme incorporated 18O from 18O2 but not from H218O into the reaction end product TeCH. The results clearly demonstrate that PCP is oxidatively converted to TeCH by a monooxygenase-type enzyme from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723.
Batch DropBlock Network for Person Re-identification and Beyond (2018)

Since the person re-identification task often suffers from the problem of pose changes and occlusions, some attentive local features are often suppressed when training CNNs. In this paper, we propose the Batch DropBlock (BDB) Network which is a two branch network composed of a conventional ResNet-50 as the global branch and a feature dropping branch. The global branch encodes the global salient representations. Meanwhile, the feature dropping branch consists of an attentive feature learning module called Batch DropBlock, which randomly drops the same region of all input feature maps in a batch to reinforce the attentive feature learning of local regions. The network then concatenates features from both branches and provides a more comprehensive and spatially distributed feature representation. Albeit simple, our method achieves state-of-the-art on person re-identification and it is also applicable to general metric learning tasks. For instance, we achieve 76.4% Rank-1 accuracy on the CUHK03-Detect dataset and 83.0% Recall-1 score on the Stanford Online Products dataset, outperforming the existing works by a large margin (more than 6%).
Irreversible dual inhibitory mode: the novel Btk inhibitor PLS-123 demonstrates promising anti-tumor activity in human B-cell lymphoma (2015)

The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway has gained significant attention as a therapeutic target in B-cell malignancies. Recently, several drugs that target the BCR signaling pathway, especially the Btk inhibitor ibrutinib, have demonstrated notable therapeutic effects in relapsed/refractory patients, which indicates that pharmacological inhibition of BCR pathway holds promise in B-cell lymphoma treatment. Here we present a novel covalent irreversible Btk inhibitor PLS-123 with more potent anti-proliferative activity compared with ibrutinib in multiple cellular and in vivo models through effective apoptosis induction and dual-action inhibitory mode of Btk activation. The phosphorylation of BCR downstream activating AKT/mTOR and MAPK signal pathways was also more significantly reduced after treatment with PLS-123 than ibrutinib. Gene expression profile analysis further suggested that the different selectivity profile of PLS-123 led to significant downregulation of oncogenic gene PTPN11 expression, which might also offer new opportunities beyond what ibrutinib has achieved. In addition, PLS-123 dose-dependently attenuated BCR- and chemokine-mediated lymphoma cell adhesion and migration. Taken together, Btk inhibitor PLS-123 suggested a new direction to pharmacologically modulate Btk function and develop novel therapeutic drug for B-cell lymphoma treatment.
Fluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides. 3. Synthesis and antitumor activity of a series of 5'-deoxy-5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides. 3. Synthesis and antitumor activity of a series of 5'-deoxy-5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosidesA. F. Cook, M. J. Holman, M. J. Kramer, and P. W. TrownCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 11, 1330–1335Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00197a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00197a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views560Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heteroaromatic Moieties in the Sphingosine Backbone of α-Galactosylceramides for Noncovalent Interactions with CD1d (2012)

A series of α-GalCer analogues containing heterocyclic and aromatic moieties in the sphingosine backbone were synthesized to improve the selectivity in the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile via noncovalent interaction with three aromatic residues at the binding pocket of CD1d. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations revealed the treatment of α-GalCer analogue (6) induced the selective stimulation of natural killer T cells to facilitate the secretion of Th2 cytokines.
Evaluation of the CyberGlove as a whole-hand input device (1995)

We present a careful evaluation of the sensory characteristics of the CyberGlove model CG1801 whole-hand input device. In particular, we conducted an experimental study that investigated the level of sensitivity of the sensors, their performance in recognizing angles, and factors that affected accuracy of recognition of flexion measurements. Among our results, we show that hand size differences among the subjects of the study did not have a statistical effect on the accuracy of the device. We also analyzed the effect of different software calibration approaches on accuracy of the sensors.
C766T low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer (2003)

The T allele of the C766T polymorphism in the LRP1 gene is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer development in women of Caucasian origin.
Research of capacitor voltage balance control method for H-bridge inverter of hybrid 9-level inverter (2004)

This paper proposes a capacitor voltage balance control method for low-voltage H-bridge inverter of hybrid 9-level inverter based on capacitor voltage imbalance predictive estimation and the injection of zero-sequence voltage. To investigate the proposed method, the charging model of capacitor voltage of H-bridge inverter is established and the inherent mechanism of capacitor voltage imbalance is analyzed in detail. The principle of the proposed method is simple to implement without additional hardware equipment. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Structural basis for the specific inhibition of heterotrimeric G <sub>q</sub> protein by a small molecule (2010)

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) transmit extracellular stimuli perceived by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling cascades. Hundreds of GPCRs exist in humans and are the targets of a large percentage of the pharmaceutical drugs used today. Because G proteins are regulated by GPCRs, small molecules that directly modulate G proteins have the potential to become therapeutic agents. However, strategies to develop modulators have been hampered by a lack of structural knowledge of targeting sites for specific modulator binding. Here we present the mechanism of action of the cyclic depsipeptide YM-254890, which is a recently discovered Gq-selective inhibitor. YM-254890 specifically inhibits the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of alpha subunit of Gq protein (Galphaq) by inhibiting the GDP release from Galphaq. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the Galphaqbetagamma-YM-254890 complex shows that YM-254890 binds the hydrophobic cleft between two interdomain linkers connecting the GTPase and helical domains of the Galphaq. The binding stabilizes an inactive GDP-bound form through direct interactions with switch I and impairs the linker flexibility. Our studies provide a novel targeting site for the development of small molecules that selectively inhibit each Galpha subunit and an insight into the molecular mechanism of G protein activation.
A capacitance-resistance hygrometer (1955)

A new type of hygrometer is described. Indications of relative humidity are given by changes of the electrical properties of anodized aluminium oxide layers. The calibration is independent of temperature from 0 to 80° C, and of the air speed. The instrument is extremely sensitive, and may be easily adapted for continuous recording and control. A theory accounting for the observations is outlined.
Thermodynamics of hydrolysis of disaccharides (1989)

The thermodynamics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, and maltose have been studied using both high pressure liquid chromatography and microcalorimetry. The hydrolysis reactions were carried out in aqueous sodium acetate buffer at a pH of 5.65 and over the temperature range of 286 to 316 K using the enzymes beta-glucosidase, isomaltase, and maltase. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the hydrolysis reactions, disaccharide(aq) + H2O(liq) = 2 glucose(aq), at 298.15 K are: K greater than or equal to 155, delta G0 less than or equal to -12.5 kJ mol-1, and delta H0 = -2.43 +/- 0.31 kJ mol-1 for cellobiose; K = 17.9 +/- 0.7, delta G0 = -7.15 +/- 0.10 kJ mol-1 and delta H0 = 2.26 +/- 0.48 kJ mol-1 for gentiobiose; K = 17.25 +/- 0.7, delta G0 = -7.06 +/- 0.10 kJ mol-1, and delta H0 = 5.86 +/- 0.54 kJ mol-1 for isomaltose; and K greater than or equal to 513, delta G0 less than or equal to -15.5 kJ mol-1, and delta H0 = -4.02 +/- 0.15 kJ mol-1 for maltose. The standard state is the hypothetical ideal solution of unit molality. Due to enzymatic inhibition by glucose, it was not possible to obtain reliable values for the equilibrium constants for the hydrolysis of either cellobiose or maltose. The entropy changes for the hydrolysis reactions are in the range 32 to 43 J mol-1 K-1; the heat capacity changes are approximately equal to zero J mol-1 K-1. Additional pathways for calculating thermodynamic parameters for these hydrolysis reactions are discussed.
The O2–producing enzyme of human neutrophils. Further properties. (1981)

The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in human neutrophils is a membrane-bound oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to O2- at the expense of a reduced pyridine nucleotide. We describe further properties of the solubilized oxidase. The rates of O2- production and NADPH consumption are consistent with the stoichiometry: 2 O2 + NADPH leads to 2 O2- + NADP The enzyme is highly specific for oxygen, failing to reduce several artificial electron acceptors including ferricyanide. FAD, an essential cofactor, binds tightly to the enzyme, as indicated by a Km of 61 nM. A requirement for a free --SH group is suggested by a 2-fold increase in activity in the presence of low concentrations of dithiothreitol; the higher dithiothreitol concentrations lead to inhibition. The solubilized enzyme is highly unstable, losing one-half its activity after 1 h at room temperature. Loss of activity is accelerated 2- to 3-fold by salts and EDTA. The substrate analog 2',5'-ADP is similar to other salts in its effect on the inactivation rate. ATP, on the other hand, causes loss of activity in seconds, raising the possibility that ATP is a physiological regulator of the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
Fixed versus dynamic co-occurrence windows in TextRank term weights for information retrieval (2012)

TextRank is a variant of PageRank typically used in graphs that represent documents, and where vertices denote terms and edges denote relations between terms. Quite often the relation between terms is simple term co-occurrence within a fixed window of k terms. The output of TextRank when applied iteratively is a score for each vertex, i.e. a term weight, that can be used for information retrieval (IR) just like conventional term frequency based term weights.
<title>Optical characterization of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon films</title> (1996)

This paper describes a methodology that has been incorporated into a fully integrated measurement system, the n&k Analyzer, that determines simultaneously the thickness, energy band gap, and n and k spectra (from 190 to 900 nm) of various forms of silicon, i.e., a-Si, poly-Si films, and mixtures of a-Si and poly-Si films. Additionally, the system also measures the average surface roughness. In turn, the n and k spectra of such films can be correlated to processing conditions, temperature being the most important one in LPCVD method. The n&k Analyzer can be used to identify the amorphous-polycrystalline transition regime and characterization of films produced in this regime.
Visual Object Networks: Image Generation with Disentangled 3D Representation (2018)

Recent progress in deep generative models has led to tremendous breakthroughs in image generation. However, while existing models can synthesize photorealistic images, they lack an understanding of our underlying 3D world. We present a new generative model, Visual Object Networks (VON), synthesizing natural images of objects with a disentangled 3D representation. Inspired by classic graphics rendering pipelines, we unravel our image formation process into three conditionally independent factors---shape, viewpoint, and texture---and present an end-to-end adversarial learning framework that jointly models 3D shapes and 2D images. Our model first learns to synthesize 3D shapes that are indistinguishable from real shapes. It then renders the object's 2.5D sketches (i.e., silhouette and depth map) from its shape under a sampled viewpoint. Finally, it learns to add realistic texture to these 2.5D sketches to generate natural images. The VON not only generates images that are more realistic than state-of-the-art 2D image synthesis methods, but also enables many 3D operations such as changing the viewpoint of a generated image, editing of shape and texture, linear interpolation in texture and shape space, and transferring appearance across different objects and viewpoints.
Suppression of Homeobox Transcription Factor VentX Promotes Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem/Multipotent Progenitor Cells (2012)

Mechanisms that regulate proliferation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem/multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs) are targets of intensive investigations. Several cell intrinsic factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of human HSC/MPPs. Nevertheless, expansion of human HSC/MPPs for clinical application remains a critical challenge. VentX is a human homeobox transcription factor that was recently identified as an anti-proliferation and pro-differentiation factor in human hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that VentX expression is up-regulated during ontogenesis of human hematopoietic cells. Strikingly, suppression of VentX expression led to significant expansion of HSC/MPPs ex vivo and a 20-fold increase in engraftment potential in the NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ2(null) mouse model. VentX suppression helped preserve the HSC/MPP pools and promote clonogenicity of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mechanistically, we show that VentX regulates critical cell cycle regulators and Wnt downstream genes previously implicated in HSC/MPP proliferation and expansion.