gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
De novo purine synthesis inhibition and antileukemic effects of mercaptopurine alone or in combination with methotrexate in vivo (2002)

Methotrexate (MTX) and mercaptopurine (MP) are widely used antileukemic agents that inhibit de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) as a mechanism of their antileukemic effects. To elucidate pharmacodynamic differences among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), DNPS was measured in leukemic blasts from newly diagnosed patients before and after therapy with these agents. Patients were randomized to receive low-dose MTX (LDMTX: 6 oral doses of 30 mg/m(2)) or high-dose MTX (HDMTX: intravenous 1 g/m(2)) followed by intravenous MP; or intravenous MP alone (1 g/m(2)), as initial therapy. At diagnosis, the rate of DNPS in bone marrow leukemia cells was 3-fold higher in patients with T-lineage ALL compared with those with B-lineage ALL (769 +/- 189 vs 250 +/- 38 fmol/nmol/h; P =.001). DNPS was not consistently inhibited following MP alone but was markedly inhibited following MTX plus MP (median decrease 3% vs 94%; P <.001). LDMTX plus MP and HDMTX plus MP produced greater antileukemic effects (percentage decrease in circulating leukocyte counts) compared with MP alone (-50% +/- 4%, -56% +/- 3%, and - 20% +/- 4%, respectively; P <.0001). Full DNPS inhibition was associated with greater antileukemic effects compared with partial or no inhibition (-63% +/- 4% vs -37% +/- 4%; P <.0001) in patients with nonhyperdiploid B-lineage and T-lineage ALL. HDMTX plus MP yielded 2-fold higher MTX polyglutamate concentrations than LDMTX plus MP (2148 +/- 298 vs 1075 +/- 114 pmol/10(9) cells; P <.01) and a higher percentage of patients with full DNPS inhibition (78% vs 53%; P <.001). Thus, the extent of DNPS inhibition was related to in vivo antileukemic effects, and a single dose of intravenous MP produced minimal DNPS inhibition and antileukemic effects, whereas MTX plus MP produced greater antileukemic effects and DNPS inhibition, with full inhibition more frequent after HDMTX.
8-bit multiplier simulation experiments investigating the use of power supply transient signals for the detection of CMOS defects (2003)

Transient Signal Analysis is a digital device testing method that is based on the analysis of voltage transients at multiple test points. In this paper the power supply transient signals from simulation experiments on an 8-bit multiplier are analyzed at multiple test points in both the time and frequency domain. Linear regression analysis is used to separate and identify the signal variations introduced by defects and the variations caused by changes in fabrication process parameters. Defects were introduced into the simulation model by adding material (shorts) or removing material (opens) from the layout. Process parameter fluctuations were modeled by randomly varying transistor and circuit parameters individually and in groups over the range of +/-25% of the nominal parameters. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to distinguish between defect-free devices with injected process variation and defective devices.
Sample selective filter in HEVC intra‐prediction for screen content video coding (2015)

An efficient screen content video coding method to adaptively turn on/off filters used for intra‐prediction is proposed. A block is classified into two categories based on a statistical property of a block and a transform coding mode in the compressed domain. Specifically, the Mahalanobis distance (MD) between the estimated probability density distribution and prediction samples in the left and top boundaries of the block to be coded and its transform coding mode is used. The set of the filters are disabled depending on the condition. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art video coding standard, i.e. the high‐efficiency video coding/range extension (HEVC/RExt), in terms of rate‐distortion (R‐D) performance.
Both Ways at Once: Keeping Small Airways Clean (2017)

The small airways of the lungs are under constant assault from the pathogens and debris in the air that they must conduct to alveoli. Although hygiene is of paramount importance for respiratory health, the underlying principles of airway clearance have not been well integrated or established. Newly emerging concepts of simultaneous absorption and secretion of airway surface liquid (ASL) and the role of [Formula: see text] in the maturation of mucins have advanced from experimental evidence as well as observations from the congenital disease cystic fibrosis (CF) to present a novel model that integrates microanatomy with organ physiology to meet the constant challenge of cleaning small airways.
PREDOMINANCE OF IgM ANTI-U1RNP ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (1996)

Anti-U1RNP antibodies occur in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other ill-defined connective tissue diseases. To associate the isotypes of anti-U1RNP antibodies with the diagnosis of the disease, namely SLE or MCTD, sequential sera of patients positive for anti-U1RNP antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) (32 with SLE, 35 with MCTD) were tested for IgG and IgM anti-U1RNP antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using affinity-purified U1snRNP complexes. Results from ELISA were confirmed by RNA precipitation. IgG RNA precipitation of HeLa cellular extracts was performed using the bulk of the IgG fraction removed from each serum after binding to protein A-Sepharose beads. IgM RNA precipitation was carried out on the IgM fraction of the serum bound to protein A-Sepharose-rabbit anti-human IgM immune complexes. RNAs were electrophoresed in 10.5% acrylamide-7 M urea gels and detected with the silver stain. ELISA showed that all sera were positive to IgG anti-U1RNP, while 12 of the 35 MCTD and 21 of the 32 SLE patients possessed IgM anti-U1RNP (P < 0.025). IgM anti-U1RNP reactivity was found during the follow-up in 20% of 44 sera from 17 MCTD patients and 68% of 112 sera from 23 SLE patients (P < 0.0001). IgG from all the sera precipitated U1RNPs. Eight of the MCTD sera also precipitated U2RNPs and 14 of the SLE sera U2 and/or U4/U6, U5 RNPs. IgM from MCTD sera did not precipitate URNPs, while IgM from SLE sera precipitated predominantly U1RNPs. These data suggest that IgM anti-U1RNP antibodies occur predominantly in patients with SLE. The occurrence of IgG anti-U1RNP without IgM is more frequent in MCTD.
The Efficacy of Silicone Oil for Complicated Retinal Detachments in the Pediatric Population (1994)

In the pediatric population with complicated retinal detachments, silicone oil used for intraocular tamponade has disappointing results due to a low rate of sustained retinal reattachment, poor visual rehabilitation, and a high complication rate.
A CMOS transceiver with internal PA and digital pre-distortion for WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n Applications (2010)

A 2.4/5GHz Fully-Integrated Transceiver is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology. To alleviate the cost of external front-end components, the G-mode RF transmit/receive (T/R) switch and a power-efficient linear CMOS PA are fully integrated on-chip. On the other hand, for better performance, only the A-mode PA is integrated on-chip while the external T/R switch is used. It shows 5dB and 5.5dB NF in the G-mode and A-mode receivers respectively. Also, the transmitter delivers an average power of 18dBm OFDM (64QAM, 54MBPS) signal with EVM of -28dB for G-mode application and 16dBm OFDM (64QAM, 54MBPS) signal with EVM of -28dB for A-mode application after digital pre-distortion.
Magnetic properties of specular spin-valves containing nano-oxide layers (2001)

Nano-Oxide Layers (NOL) have been introduced recently as a means to enhance the degree of specular scattering at the outer surfaces in a spin-valve, while still using metallic antiferromagnets such as PtMn or IrMn. A key requirement of the NOL layer in the pinned layer is to be able to provide strong ferromagnetic coupling between two ferromagnetic layers. In this paper, a quantitative study of the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling over the NOL-layer is presented. A Stoner-Wohlfarth model is developed to allow for quantitative analysis. The effect of different metal deposition methods (PVD or IBD), different pinning structures (PtMn and IrMn; simple and synthetic) and different oxidation methods on the coupling is compared.
Inhibition of Auxin Movement from the Shoot into the Root Inhibits Lateral Root Development in Arabidopsis (1998)

In roots two distinct polar movements of auxin have been reported that may control different developmental and growth events. To test the hypothesis that auxin derived from the shoot and transported toward the root controls lateral root development, the two polarities of auxin transport were uncoupled in Arabidopsis. Local application of the auxin-transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) at the root-shoot junction decreased the number and density of lateral roots and reduced the free indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in the root and [3H]IAA transport into the root. Application of NPA to the basal half of or at several positions along the root only reduced lateral root density in regions that were in contact with NPA or in regions apical to the site of application. Lateral root development was restored by application of IAA apical to NPA application. Lateral root development in Arabidopsis roots was also inhibited by excision of the shoot or dark growth and this inhibition was reversible by IAA. Together, these results are consistent with auxin transport from the shoot into the root controlling lateral root development.
Vitiligo : a monograph on the basic and clinical science (2000)

Part I CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS 1.1 Clinical and histological features P C M van de Kerkhof, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands 1.2 Psoriatic arthropathy L van de Putte and Frank van der Hoogen, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen 1.3 Psychosocial aspects J Savin, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Department of Dermatology, UK Part II Etiology and Pathogenesis 2.1 Epidemiology JJ Grop, Department of Dermatology, Hopital Saint Marguerite Marseille, France 2.2 Genetics H Traupe, Department of Dermatology, University of Munster 2.3 Pathogenesis of psoriasis PCM van de Kerkhof, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2.4 Immunopathogenesis S Kang, JJ Voorhees, Department of Dermatology , University of Michigan Medical School Part III Therapy 3.1 Vitamin D3 analogues K Kragballe, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Arhus, Denmark 3.2 Corticosteroids MHA Rustin, Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London UK 3.3 Dithranol R Gerritsen, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3.4 Photo(chemo)therapy JT Krutmann and H Stege, Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Dusseldorf 3.5 Methotrexate H Zachariae, Department of Dermatology, University of Arhus 3.6 Retinoids J Bonnekoh, H Gollnick, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg,Germany 3.7 Cyclosporin and Immunotherapy MA de Rie, JD Bos, Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam 3.8 Combination Treatment PCM van de Kerkhof, and authors of chapters 3.1 to 3.7
Identification of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as a Glycine N-Methyltransferase Enhancer by High-Throughput Screening of Natural Products Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2016)

Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) expression is vastly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). High rates of GNMT knockout mice developed HCC, while overexpression of GNMT prevented aflatoxin-induced carcinogenicity and inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed for the identification of a GNMT inducer for HCC therapy. We established a GNMT promoter-driven luciferase reporter assay as a drug screening platform. Screening of 324 pure compounds and 480 crude extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs resulted in the identification of Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PL) extract and the active component 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (PGG) as a GNMT inducer. Purified PL extract and PGG induced GNMT mRNA and protein expression in Huh7 human hepatoma cells and in xenograft tumors. PGG and PL extract had potent anti-HCC effects both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PGG treatment induced apoptosis in Huh7 cells. Moreover, PGG treatment sensitized Huh7 cells to sorafenib treatment. Therefore, these results indicated that identifying a GNMT enhancer using the GNMT promoter-based assay might be a useful approach to find drugs for HCC. These data also suggested that PGG has therapeutic potential for the treatment of HCC.
Rapid Determination of Oxygen Permeability of Polymer Membranes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Determination of Oxygen Permeability of Polymer MembranesShuichi Aiba, Minoru Ohashi, and S. -Y. HuangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1968, 7, 3, 497–502Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160027a022https://doi.org/10.1021/i160027a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The ecological impacts of transgenic crops on agroecosystem health (2000)

Transgenic crops are being deployed at increasing rates in agricultural landscapes worldwide. This leads to increas- ing genetic uniformity of agroecosystems and enhances farmers dependence on biotechnological innovations sub- ject to proprietary regimes controlled by multinational corporations. As developed transgenic crops respond to market niches and opportunities, there has been little consideration of the ecological implications of their de- ployment. Existing ecological theory and emerging re- search data suggest that the massive planting of trans- genic monocultures can create critical environmental impacts ranging from gene flow between transgenic crops and wild relatives, the creation of super-weeds and the rapid development of insect resistance, to impacts on soil fauna and nontarget organisms. The consequences of such effects on agroecosystem health are analyzed are herein.
Risk factors of ovarian cancer of epithelial origin: a case control study. (1988)

Possible risk factors for ovarian cancer of epithelial origin were tested in a case control study consisting of personal interviews with 200 patients and 211 age-matched controls. Some lifestyle factors such as urban versus rural residence show differences between patients and controls, but this may be due to a low response rate in the randomly selected control group. Confirmation of the potentially protective effect of oral contraceptives will require several more years of use, as most of the women who are now reaching the age of highest incidence of ovarian cancer of epithelial origin had several children prior to the availability of oral contraceptives. The only consistent risk factor when a discriminant analysis is carried out is a low number of pregnancies.
A Versatile and Efficient High-Throughput Cloning Tool for Structural Biology (2011)

Methods for the cloning of large numbers of open reading frames into expression vectors are of critical importance for challenging structural biology projects. Here we describe a system termed fragment exchange (FX) cloning that facilitates the high-throughput generation of expression constructs. The method is based on a class IIS restriction enzyme and negative selection markers. FX cloning combines attractive features of established recombination- and ligation-independent cloning methods: It allows the straightforward transfer of an open reading frame into a variety of expression vectors and is highly efficient and very economic in its use. In addition, FX cloning avoids the common but undesirable feature of significantly extending target open reading frames with cloning related sequences, as it leaves a minimal seam of only a single extra amino acid to either side of the protein. The method has proven to be very robust and suitable for all common pro- and eukaryotic expression systems. It considerably speeds up the generation of expression constructs compared to traditional methods and thus facilitates a broader expression screening.
Digital dynamic telepathology--the Virtual Microscope. (1998)

The Virtual Microscope is being designed as an integrated computer hardware and software system that generates a highly realistic digital simulation of analog, mechanical light microscopy. We present our work over the past year in meeting the challenges in building such a system. The enhancements we made are discussed, as well as the planned future improvements. Performance results are provided showing the system scales well, so that many users can be adequately serviced by an appropriately configured data server.
Towards modelling road surfacing seal performance : performance testing and mechanistic behavioural model : technical paper (2005)

Pavement designers have a choice of two types of wearing course: either an asphalt 
wearing course or a surfacing seal. While asphalt surfacing design has received much 
attention, road seal design has remained dependent on empirical modelling and 
experience. With the modern trend of increased traffic loading and contact stresses, 
varying oil resources and related refining processes and by-products, it is postulated 
that current seal design assumptions and practice may not be directly applicable to the 
changing situation in practice, and require re-examination (Milne 2004). 
In 1998 performance testing of road surfacing seals was initiated under the Chair 
in Pavement Engineering, University of Stellenbosch. The model mobile load simulator 
(MMLS3) was identified and a test method developed. From 1998 to 2002 a test regime 
using five different seal binders and three temperature regimes was implemented. A 
method of evaluating seal performance was developed to enable evaluation of the 
seals' behaviour. This paper presents a summary of the test results and provides an 
insight to the performance of the different seal binders under similar imposed loads 
and environment. Insight is provided for the identification of critical seal performance 
influences and criteria. A comparative performance test protocol was developed, with an 
initial seal performance visual assessment method. The need for a mechanistic based numerical model enabling comparative numerical 
prediction of seal performance was identified as an additional design tool (Milne 2004). 
A finite element methods (FEM) prototype model of a single seal was developed and 
is demonstrated. The potential value to practice of both methods of comparative 
performance assessment were postulated after synthesis of the results.
Identifying the unknown circuit breaker statuses in power networks (1995)

This paper describes an approach by which the circuit breaker status errors can be detected and identified in the presence of analog measurement errors. This is accomplished by using the least absolute value (LAV) state estimation method and applying the previously suggested two stage estimation approach by A. Monticelli (see ibid., vol.8, no.3, p.1143-9, 1993). The ability of the LAV estimators to reject inconsistent measurements, is exploited in order to differentiate between circuit breaker status and analog measurement errors. The first stage of estimation uses a bus level network model as in conventional LAV estimators. Results of stage 1 are used to draw a set of suspect buses whose substation configurations may be erroneous. In the second stage, the identified buses are modeled in detail using the bus sections and the circuit breaker models while keeping the bus level network models for the rest of the system. The LAV estimation is repealed for the expanded system model and any remaining significant normalized residuals are flagged as bad analog measurements, while the correct topology is determined based on the estimated flows through the modeled circuit breakers in the substations. The proposed approach is implemented and tested. Simulation results for cases involving circuit breaker status and/or analog measurement errors are provided.
Real time degradation identification of UAV using machine learning techniques (2017)

The usages and functionalities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have grown rapidly during the last years. They are being engaged in many types of missions, ranging from military to agriculture passing by entertainment and rescue or even delivery. Nonetheless, for being able to perform such tasks, UAVs have to navigate safely in an often dynamic and partly unknown environment. This brings many challenges to overcome, some of which can lead to damages or degradations of different body parts. Thus, new tools and methods are required to allow the successful analysis and identification of the different threats that UAVs have to manage during their missions or flights. Various approaches, addressing this domain, have been proposed. However, most of them typically identify the changes in the UAVs behavior rather than the issue. This work presents an approach, which focuses not only on identifying degradations of UAVs during flights, but estimate the source of the failure as well.
Electrophysiological Effects of Flecainide on Anisotropic Conduction and Reentry in Infarcted Canine Hearts (1995)

Flecainide slows conduction in both the longitudinal and transverse direction relative to the orientation of the myocardial fibers. This enables sustained reentry to occur more easily. Flecainide does not cause conduction block in crucial regions of reentrant circuits (central common pathway) and therefore does not prevent reentrant tachycardia in healing infarcts.
Expression of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in human breast cancer. (1996)

The primary metabolic characteristic of malignant cells is an increased uptake of glucose and its anaerobic metabolism. We studied the expression and function of the glucose transporters in human breast cancer cell lines and analyzed their expression in normal and neoplastic primary human breast tissue. Hexose uptake assays and immunoblotting experiments revealed that the breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-468 express the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT2, isoforms expressed in both normal and neoplastic breast tissue. We also found that the breast cancer cell lines transport fructose and express the fructose transporter GLUT5. Immunolocalization studies revealed that GLUT5 is highly expressed in vivo in human breast cancer but is absent in normal human breast tissue. These findings indicate that human breast cancer cells have a specialized capacity to transport fructose, a metabolic substrate believed to be used by few human tissues. Identification of a high-affinity fructose transporter on human breast cancer cells opens opportunities to develop novel strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.