gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Strain Relaxation in Si/SiGe/SiHeterostructures after Annealing in Oxidizing and InertAtmospheres (1999)

The influence of oxidation of a Si-cap layer on the thermal stability of Si/Si0.863Ge0.137/Si heterostructures is investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction. The role of the surface modification is extracted by comparison of dry oxygen and inert (nitrogen) ambient anneals at 810 and 900°C. Anomalous strain relaxation was observed in the sample oxidized at 810°C. It is hypothesized that the effect of anomalous strain evolution deals with the enhanced surface diffusion and roughening at the Si/SiGe interface.
Synthetic Applications of Buchwald′s Phosphines in Palladium‐Catalyzed Aromatic Bond Forming Reactions (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
MICROMACHINED ULTRASONIC ATOMIZER FOR LIQUID FUELS (2008)

A micromachined ultrasonic droplet generator is demonstrated for atomization of liquids for fuel processing. The device comprises a bulk ceramic piezoelectric transducer for ultrasound generation, a reservoir for the fuel, and a silicon micromachined array of liquid horn structures as the ejection nozzles. Since one piezoelectric actuator can drive multiple ejectors of a single array, the array size can be scaled to meet flow rate requirements for higher power applications. Furthermore, due to the planar configuration of the ejector array, it is ideally suited for integration with the planar design of fuel cells. Simulations of the harmonic response of the atomizer confirm that operation at cavity resonances and the use of acoustic wave focusing yield low power consumption. Device operation is demonstrated through atomization of water and methanol from 4.5 to 16 μm diameter orifices at multiple frequencies between 0.5 and 2.5 MHz. The results of high-spatial-resolution visualization experiments combined with a scaling analysis of the fluid mechanics provide a basic understanding of the physics governing the ejection process and allow for a comparison of device operation with different fuels. A high degree of control of the atomization process and highly uniform atomization at low flow rates are achieved with a device that is extremely simple to fabricate, assemble, and operate.
The antimycotic activity in vitro of five diols. (1980)

The antimycotic activity of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol, pentane-1,5-diol, and hexane-2,5-diol in vitro against Pityrosporum orbiculare, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and Epidermophyton floccosum was studied. Ethane-1,2-diol had the lowest activity (MIC of 40-100 g 1(-1)), and hexane-2,5-diol the highest activity (MIC of 10-40 g 1(-1)). Among, the higher diols there can be both effective antifungal agents and substances with a lower risk of allergic and irritative skin reactions than propane-1,2-diol.
Compact In-Situ Sensors for Monitoring Negative-Bias-Temperature-Instability Effect and Oxide Degradation (2008)

The NBTI sensor proposed is intended to be used for general NBTI characterization and not in- situ monitoring of degradation, due to large area overhead (~450x area of NBTI sensor in this work), inability to correct for temperature variations encountered during operation and the analog output of the sensor. We introduce two compact structures to digitally quantify the change in performance and power of devices undergoing NBTI and defect-induced oxide breakdown. The small size of the sensors makes them amenable to use in a standard-cell design with low area and power overhead. The sensors can be implemented in large numbers to collect data on degradation and statistical performance of the devices.
Growth Mechanism and Chemical Structure of Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide (a‐SiC:H) Films Formed by Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma CVD From a Triethylsilane Precursor: Part 1 (2009)

Abstract Amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a‐SiC:H) films are produced by remote microwave hydrogen plasma (RHP)CVD using triethylsilane (TrES) as the single‐source precursor. The reactivity of particular bonds of the precursor in the activation step is examined using tetraethylsilane as a model compound for the RHP‐CVD experiments. The susceptibility of a TrES precursor towards film formation is characterized by determining the yield of RHP‐CVD and comparing it with that of the trimethylsilane precursor. The effect of substrate temperature ( T s ) on the rate of the RHP‐CVD process, chemical composition, and chemical structure of the resulting a‐SiC:H films is reported. The substrate temperature dependence of the film growth rate implies that film growth is independent of the temperature and RHP‐CVD is a mass transport‐limited process. The examination of the a‐SiC:H films, performed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), reveals that the increase in the substrate temperature from 30 °C to 400 °C causes the elimination of organic moieties from the film and the formation of a Si‐carbidic network structure. On the basis of the results of the structural study, the chemistry involved in film formation is proposed.
Micellar rods and vesicular tubules made of 14''',16'''-diaminoporphyrins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicellar rods and vesicular tubules made of 14''',16'''-diaminoporphyrinsJuergen Hinrich Fuhrhop, Uwe Bindig, and Ulrich SiggelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11036–11037Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a090https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The electrical conductivity of calcium and strontium oxides (1966)

Measurements have been carried out of the electrical conductivity of single crystals of calcium oxide from 300 to 1400°K, and of strontium oxide from 600 to 1050°K. It was measured at 1·59 kc/s for both oxides, and also with d.c. for calcium oxide. For calcium oxide the conductivity was 1 × 10-8 ω-1 cm-1 at 1050°K and for strontium oxide it was 3 × 10-8 ω-1 cm-1 at 900°K. This was predominantly bulk conductivity, but with some surface conduction through a hydroxide layer on the surface of at least some of the crystals. The high temperature activation energies were 3·5 eV and 2·0 eV respectively. The evidence is discussed for considering that these thermal activation energies may refer to charge transport by electrons `hopping' from donor to donor through a compensated semiconductor containing approximately equal concentrations of interstitial negative oxygen ions and oxygen ion vacancies. Alternatively, they may refer to conduction by negative oxygen ions migrating through the crystal. The dielectric constants of these crystals at 1·59 kc/s were estimated to be at least 7·5 for calcium oxide and 6·5 for strontium oxide. Results are also given for the conductivity of sintered powders of strontium oxide: these acted as pore conductors with low temperature activation energies from 0·25 to 1·15 eV (below about 550°K) and with high temperature activation energies from 0·8 to 1·45 eV, both being dependent on the previous heat treatment of the oxide.
Electrochemical Sensing of Biomarker for Diagnostics of bacteria-specific Infections (2016)

Pyocyanin was detected at concentrations down to 125 nM in a 50 µM mixture of interfering compounds with a reproducibility of r(2) = 0.999 (n = 5) within 200 s. The results document a step toward a point-of-care technique for diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infections.
Increased Sympathetic Nervous Activity and the Effects of Its Inhibition with Clonidine in Alcoholic Cirrhosis (1992)

The sympathetic nerves to the kidneys, heart, and hepatomesenteric circulation are stimulated in patients with cirrhosis. Clonidine inhibits these activated sympathetic outflows differentially, which could possibly provide a basis for the selective pharmacologic treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.
A Knowledge Based Approach to VLSI CAD the Redesign System (1984)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques offer one possible avenue toward new CAD tools to handle the complexities of VLSI. This paper summarizes the experience of the Rutgers AI/VLSI group in exploring applications of AI to VLSI design over the past three years. In particular, it summarizes our experience in developing REDESIGN, a knowledge-based system for providing interactive aid in the functional redesign of digital circuits. Given a desired change to the function of a circuit, REDESIGN combines rule-based knowledge of design tactics with its ability to analyze signal propagation through circuits, in order to (1) help the user focus on an appropriate portion of the circuit to redesign, (2) suggest local redesign alternatives, and (3) determine side effects of possible redesigns. We also summarize our more recent research toward constructing a knowledge-based system for VLSI design and a system for chip debugging, both based on extending the techniques developed for the REDESIGN system.
Modulation of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced head‐twitch response by drugs acting at GABA and related receptors (1985)

The effects of drugs acting at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and other chloride ionophore-related sites have been studied for their ability to modulate the head-twitch induced by 1-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the mouse. The GABAa receptor agonists, muscimol, imidazoleacetic acid and 3-aminopropanesulphonic acid, produced a dose-related potentiation, while bicuculline inhibited the head-twitch. The GABAb receptor agonist, baclofen, produced dose-related inhibition. Diazepam potentiated the head-twitch while the 'inverse' benzodiazepine receptor agonist ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate inhibited the head-twitch. The antagonist Ro15-1788 also produced inhibition. Ro05-4864, a ligand for the benzodiazepine 'acceptor' site, potentiated the head-twitch. Pentobarbitone and pentylenetetrazol potentiated the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch at low doses, changing to inhibition as the dose was increased. Picrotoxin in subconvulsant doses, produced only potentiation. More than one site may be involved in the action of these substances. GABA, amino-oxyacetic acid and 1-2-4-diaminobutyric acid inhibited the head-twitch, while the GABA-depletor, 3-mercaptopropionic acid potentiated it. Of all the agents tested, only muscimol produced head-twitching when given alone. It was concluded that both GABAa and GABAb receptors modulate the head-twitch response to 5-HTP.
Determination of β-Amyloid Peptide Signatures in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Early pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve increased production and/or reduced clearance of beta-amyloid (Abeta), especially the 42 amino acid fragment Abeta1-42. The Abeta1-42 peptide is generated through cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by beta- and gamma-secretase and is catabolised by a variety of proteolytic enzymes such as insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin. Here, we describe a method that employs immunoprecipitation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to determine the pattern of C-terminally truncated Abeta peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using antibodies coupled to magnetic beads, we have detected 18 C-terminally and 2 N-terminally truncated Abeta peptides in CSF. By determining the identity and profile of the truncated Abeta peptides, more insight may be gained about differences in the metabolism and structural properties of Abeta in AD. Finally, the Abeta fragment signatures may prove useful as a diagnostic test for AD.
High intrinsic healing potential of human anterior cruciate ligament: Organ culture experiments (1995)

We studied the intrinsic healing capacity of human semitendinosus tendon specimens, comparing them to human anterior cruciate ligament specimens collected at the time of ligament reconstructions, and using an organ culture model. On the day after cultivation, migration of cells and synthesis of collagen fibers were observed in the ligament group with preserved synovium (PS), the ligament group with resected synovium (RS), and the semitendinosus tendon group (ST). Migrating cells and newly-formed collagen fibers were most prominent in the PS group, followed by the RS, and ST groups. When the area occupied by the migrating cells and newly-formed collagen fibers in the prepared hole was measured, no differences were observed between the groups at week 2. However, differences were noted between the ST and PS or RS groups at weeks 4 and 6. Our findings indicate that the human anterior cruciate ligament possesses a high intrinsic healing capacity. It is also suggested that the synovium plays an important role in enhancing ligament healing capacity.
A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid (2016)

Bacillus subtilis strain B7-S screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of Gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. The bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by Bacillus subtilis B7-S (B. subtilis B7-S) was investigated. Based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by B. subtilis B7-S can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °C; initial pH 9.0; inoculum volume 5%; ferulic acid concentration 0.6 g/L; volume of culture medium 20%; and shaking speed 200 r/min. Under these conditions, several repeated small-scale batch experiments showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was 63.30% after 3 h of bioconversion. The vanillin products were confirmed by spectral data achieved from UV-vis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) results confirmed that the cell surface of B. subtilis plays a role in the induction of ferulic acid tolerance. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis B7-S has the potential for use in vanillin production through bioconversion of ferulic acid.
Developments in High Temperature Parabolic Trough Receiver Technology (2004)

The parabolic trough linear receiver is one of the primary reasons for the high efficiency of the Luz parabolic trough collector design used at the Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) plants. Experience from the SEGS plants has shown that the reliability and lifetime of the parabolic trough receiver tube is the most significant issue for existing and future parabolic trough plants. Although highly efficient, the original Luz receiver tubes experienced high failure rates (approximately 4% to 5% per year). Failures included vacuum loss, glass envelope breakage, and degradation of the selective coating. This paper reviews receiver failure rates, the primary failure causes at two of the SEGS plants, and discusses receiver technology developments during the last several years that focus on improving the reliability of parabolic trough receivers. Data are provided on the performance and reliability of a new commercially available trough receiver.
Improving microbial fitness in the mammalian gut by <i>in vivo</i> temporal functional metagenomics (2015)

Elucidating functions of commensal microbial genes in the mammalian gut is challenging because many commensals are recalcitrant to laboratory cultivation and genetic manipulation. We present Temporal FUnctional Metagenomics sequencing (TFUMseq), a platform to functionally mine bacterial genomes for genes that contribute to fitness of commensal bacteria in vivo. Our approach uses metagenomic DNA to construct large-scale heterologous expression libraries that are tracked over time in vivo by deep sequencing and computational methods. To demonstrate our approach, we built a TFUMseq plasmid library using the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) and introduced Escherichia coli carrying this library into germfree mice. Population dynamics of library clones revealed Bt genes conferring significant fitness advantages in E. coli over time, including carbohydrate utilization genes, with a Bt galactokinase central to early colonization, and subsequent dominance by a Bt glycoside hydrolase enabling sucrose metabolism coupled with co-evolution of the plasmid library and E. coli genome driving increased galactose utilization. Our findings highlight the utility of functional metagenomics for engineering commensal bacteria with improved properties, including expanded colonization capabilities in vivo.
Understanding of Via‐Etch‐Induced Polymer Formation and Its Removal (1997)

The predominant factors that contribute to the formation of polymer on the bottom and sidewalls of vias during plasma etching are discussed. Various cleaning techniques were tested and electrically verified to produce "clean" via holes for multilayer interconnect processes. We also examine how photoresist stripping conditions may impact via resistance. To achieve low contact resistance (<1 Ω/via) for submicron via holes, the removal of the sidewall and bottom polymer created during the reactive ion etch process is the most important factor.
Novel α-MSH Peptide Analogues with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity (2013)

Previous investigations indicate that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and certain synthetic analogues of it exert antimicrobial effects against bacteria and yeasts. However, these molecules have weak activity in standard microbiology conditions and this hampers a realistic clinical use. The aim in the present study was to identify novel peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in growth medium. To this purpose, the Gly10 residue in the [DNal(2')-7, Phe-12]-MSH(6-13) sequence was replaced with conventional and unconventional amino acids with different degrees of conformational rigidity. Two derivatives in which Gly10 was replaced by the residues Aic and Cha, respectively, had substantial activity against Candida strains, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei and against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conformational analysis indicated that the helical structure along residues 8-13 is a key factor in antimicrobial activity. Synthetic analogues of α-MSH can be valuable agents to treat infections in humans. The structural preferences associated with antimicrobial activity identified in this research can help further development of synthetic melanocortins with enhanced biological activity.
The Behavior of Constant Rate Aerosol Reactors (1982)

An aerosol reactor is a gaseous system in which fine particles are formed by chemical reaction in either a batch or flow process. The particle sizes of interest range from less than 10 Å (molecular clusters) to 10μm. Such reactors may be operated to study the aerosol formation process, as in a smog reactor, or to generate a product such as a pigment or a catalytic aerosol. Aerosol reactors can be characterized by three temporal or spatial zones or regions of operation for batch and flow reactors, respectively. In zone I, chemical reaction results in the formation of condensable molecular products which nucleate and form very high concentrations of small particles. The number density depends on the concentration of preexisting aerosol. Zone II is a transition region in which the aerosol number concentration levels off as a result of hetergeneous condensation by the stable aerosol. In zone III coagulation becomes sufficiently rapid to reduce the particle number concentration. There may be a zone IV in which agglomerates form. Chemical reaction may continue to generate condensable material throughout the various zones. This paper deals with reactors in which aerosol material is generated at a constant rate. Design parameters of interest are the particle size distribution, number density, surface area, and mass loadings. For ideal systems composed of spherical coalescing particles, these can be predicted theoretically for certain limiting cases. However, the irregular agglomerates which may form in zone IV are more difficult to characterize theoretically.
Characterization of ion sources for compact accelerator neutron production (2012)

Characterization of ion sources for compact accelerator neutron productionCompact neutron interrogation systems are a good candidate for use in active interrogation systems when large scale active or passive interrogation systems are not ideal.Field emitter arrays and plasma ion sources could produce ion beams of deuterium or deuterium and tritium which strike a target doped with deuterium or deuterium and tritium, thus producing an interrogating neutron flux.Ion sources for accelerator neutron generators are being studied.Field emitters are simulated using different aspect ratios, cone angles, and base-to-base spacing to determine the changes in field enhancement factor and theoretical ion currents.The plasma ion source is tested to determine the most appropriate gas pressures, extraction voltages, aperture sizes and gap distances for extraction of the highest ion currents from the plasma.Field emitters with spherical tips have a large area of high electric field near the tip and have theoretical ion currents on the order of nanoamps per structure.Differentially pumped plasma ion sources produce extracted ion currents in the microamp range using small apertures and a short gap length.
Nationwide survey of human parasite in China. (1994)

A nationwide survey of human parasites in China was conducted during 1988-1992, with a coverage of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (P/A/M). A total of 2,848 pilot sites in 726 counties were selected by random sampling, and 1,477,742 individuals residing on were surveyed by fecal examination. The status of paragonimiasis, hydatid diseases, cysticercosis and trichinellosis were summarized through data review. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 62.6% whereas at provincial level, the highest infection rate (94.7%) was recovered in Hainan, and the lowest (17.5%) in Heilong-jiang. A high proportion (43.3%) of polyparasitism among the infected population (882,080) was revealed. Altogether 56 species of parasites comprising protozoa (19), trematode (16), cestodes (8), nematodes (12) and thorny-headed worm (1) were discovered. During the survey a new species and several new records were documented. The number of the population infected with common intestinal parasites was estimated. The diversities of parasite distribution were noted in different nationalities as well as in varied occupations.