gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Substituted 5-methoxy-N-acyltryptamines: synthesis, binding affinity for the melatonin receptor, and evaluation of the biological activity (1993)

A series of 2-substituted 5-methoxy-N-acyltryptamines was synthesized and their affinity for the melatonin receptor, isolated from whole quail brains, was tested in a succession of in vitro ligand-receptor binding experiments, using 2-[125I]iodomelatonin as a labeled ligand. Optimization of the C2 substituent and the N-acyl group resulted in compounds having picomolar affinity for the receptor (vs nanomolar affinity for melatonin). In two tests for evaluation of the biological activity (effects on the spontaneous firing activity of single neurons in the rabbit parietal cortex in situ, and the Syrian hamster gonadal regression model in vivo) most of the analogs behaved as agonists. Isopropyl substitution at C2 alone, or concomitantly with cyclopropyl substitution at the N-acyl position, resulted in much lower affinity and weaker biological effect, or lack of activity in the latter case. Of interest are the compounds 4d (R = phenyl, R1 = CH3) and 4g (R = phenyl, R1 = cyclopropyl), which expressed high affinity for the receptor and apparent antagonistic activity under the conditions of the experimental models employed, though the analog 4g (R = phenyl, (R1 = cyclopropyl) seemingly was a weak antagonist and in situ expressed mixed activity in the higher concentration range. Cyclopropyl substitution at the N-acyl position inevitably resulted in lower affinity for the receptor and weaker biological activity. These data demonstrate that the N-acetyl group is important for both affinity and agonist biological activity. The substituents at C2 are crucial for the affinity of the compound for the receptor and can be utilized to create putative high-affinity agonists or antagonists.
Skinmorph: texture-tunable on-skin interface through thin, programmable gel. (2018)

SkinMorph is an on-skin interface which can selectively transition between soft and rigid states to serve as a texture-tunable wearable skin output. This texture change is made possible through the material design of smart hydrophillic gels. These gels are soft in resting state, yet when activate by heat (>36°C), they generate a micro-level structural change which results in observable stiffening. These gels are encapsulated in thin silicone patterned with resistive wires through a sew-and-transfer fabrication approach. We demonstrate application examples using the texture-tunable skin overlay as wearable, interactive protection for scenarios including: a carpal tunnel splint for rehabilitation, a protective layer for joints when engaging in high impact activities, and foot pads when wearing uncomfortable shoes. Our evaluation shows that the gel is 10 times stiffer when activated, and that users find the device skin-conformable.
A broadband active harmonic load-pull setup with a modulated generator as active load (2004)

This paper proposes an active harmonic load-pull setup which allows the use of broadband test signals and guarantees unconditional stability of the active load. Active loadpull systems with conventional active loops suffer from too high delay times which limit their application to smallhand signals. The proposed system uses a modulated RF source for the generation of the required backward travelling wave. This guarantees unconditional stability of the load and allows a perfect delay compensation. Equations will be given to approximate the modulation signal for backed-off (weakly non-linear) amplifiers.
Differential drive steering research on multi-axle in-wheel motor driving vehicle (2014)

This research is based on a four-axle vehicle with eight in-wheel motor driving wheels and dual-axles steering system, and its original mechanical steering system was preserved. We proposed a new steering pattern that can be used on the in-wheel motor driving vehicle which features the independent driving of in-wheel motor driving wheel. With focus on the differential drive steering system, its working principles were introduced and its feasibility was discussed. A dynamics model for the vehicle including the steering system was built based on Matlab/Simulink. The characteristic curve of the target torque distribution and the control algorithm for the torque output of both sides of steering wheels were presented and simulated. The simulation results show that differential drive steering is feasible, which can greatly reduce driver's workload, and improve the steering performance of the vehicle, the requirements of steering were achieved.
Expression of c-erbB family gene products in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: an immunohistochemical study. (1996)

The tyrosine kinase receptor family, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB2 and, more recently, the c-erbB3, has been recognized as being of particular importance in many human malignancies. This study was undertaken to define the role of c-erb B2 and c-erbB3 in adenoid cystic carcinomas (A.C.C.) of the salivary glands. Sixteen cases of A.C.C. were studied immunohistochemically, using antibodies against each erbB gene family product. EGF-R was not detected in any of these samples but c-erbB2 and c-erbB3 gene products (ERBB2and ERBB3) were demonstrated in all A.C.C. sections with some degree of straining. Tubular and cribriform patterns overexpressed particularly large amounts of ERBB2 and ERBB3. Strong staining was mainly demonstrated in tumor cells of the invasive area. These results suggested that overexpression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 is related to tumor differentiation and invasion in adenoid cystic carcinomas.
Separation and Quantification of Bovine Milk Proteins by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1998)

Current analytical methods for milk proteins lack the capacity to simultaneously separate and quantify the six major bovine milk proteins and their genetic variants. A method is described that simultaneously separates and quantifies the six major bovine milk proteins. The separation is based on reversed-phase partitioning of the six major milk proteins and several genetic variants of kappa-casein, beta-casein, and beta-lactoglobulin. The described method has for each of the six milk proteins a linear quantitative response, precision (coefficient of variation below 5.1% within days of analysis, and below 7.1% between days of analysis), resolution (over 2.5 between proteins), peak efficiency (theoretical plate numbers between 8 000 and 50 000), and a sample treatment without filtration steps that together with the analysis takes 2 h. The composition of protein from milk of each of 234 cows was determined using the current method, and the results were similar to reference values for milk proteins.
Integration of subsurface applications to develop a dynamic stochastic modeling workflow (2004)

Building stochastic models in a preproduction phase of field development is crucial for accurate horizontal well positioning in the Sincor field (Orinoco heavy-oil belt, Venezuela), formed by highly permeable unconsolidated fluvial and deltaic sands of the Oficina Formation and containing low-gravity oil (average 8.3 API). A multidisciplinary approach to drill the initial approximately 250 horizontal production wells has proven useful to field management. Geomodeling is used to evaluate well pattern development plans; calculate full-field production percentile profiles; and evaluate uncertainties in water production, well production potential, and cluster performance. Data from vertical observation wells (full well-logging suite) and deviated wells (to investigate the stratigraphy away from the vertical well) are used to characterize reservoir architecture. Three-dimensional seismic data, including seismic data inverted into acoustic impedance, are used to construct structure maps and shale probability maps. The integrated and interpreted information is used to position horizontal wells deterministically in a cluster-type (group of wells radiating out from a central point in a 3.2 1.6-km [2 1-mi] production area) development pattern and serves as input to stochastic reservoir models that are conditioned to vertical well observations and the shale probability maps. Ten realizations are used to estimate the uncertainty range of net-to-gross in the proposed horizontal well trajectories. To ensure a stable model, the average of these 10 realizations is used as a trend to generate one stochastic petrophysical model that is subsequently used for flow simulation. Based on the results, and in combination with the confidence in the interpreted geological data (for example, distribution of areas with a net sand thickness above a minimum), proposed horizontal wells are accepted or rejected.
Emulating soft real-time scheduling using traditional operating system schedulers (1994)

Real-time scheduling algorithms are usually only available in the kernels of real-time operating systems, and not in more general purpose operating systems, like Unix. For some soft real-time problems, a traditional operating system may be the development platform of choice. This paper addresses methods of emulating real-time scheduling algorithms on top of standard time-share schedulers. We examine (through simulations) three strategies for priority assignment within a traditional multi-tasking environment. The results show that the emulation algorithms are comparable in performance to the real-time algorithms and in some instances outperform them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of silylated silica surfaces (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of silylated silica surfacesSteven J. Simko, Mark L. Miller, and Richard W. LintonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 13, 2448–2451Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00290a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Total Synthesis of (−)-Mersicarpine (2010)

The total synthesis of (-)-mersicarpine was achieved in 10 steps from a known ketoester. Our synthesis features an Eschenmoser-Tanabe-type fragmentation to synthesize an alkyne unit containing a quaternary carbon center, a facile construction of the indole skeleton via a combination of a Sonogashira coupling and a gold(III) catalyzed cyclization, as well as a one-pot process to arrange the cyclic imine and the hemiaminal moieties. Our synthesis unambiguously confirmed the reported structure of (-)-mersicarpine including the absolute configuration.
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 Potentiates the Sterol-mediated Induction of the Human CETP Gene by Liver X Receptor (2001)

The human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, indirectly facilitating cholesteryl esters uptake by the liver. Hepatic CETP gene expression is increased in response to dietary hypercholesterolemia, an effect that is mediated by the activity of liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) on a direct repeat 4 element in the CETP promoter. In this study we show that the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 also transactivates the CETP promoter by binding to a proximal promoter element distinct from the DR4 site. LRH-1 potentiates the sterol-dependent regulation of the wild type CETP promoter by LXR/RXR. Small heterodimer partner, a repressor of LRH-1, abolishes the potentiation effect of LRH-1 but not its basal transactivation of the CETP promoter. Since this mode of regulation of CETP is very similar to that recently reported for the bile salt-mediated repression of Cyp7a (encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for conversion of cholesterol into bile acid in the liver), we examined the effects of bile salt feeding on CETP mRNA expression in human CETP transgenic mice. Hepatic CETP mRNA expression was repressed by a diet containing 1% cholic acid in male mice but was induced by the same diet in female mice. Microarray analysis of hepatic mRNA showed that about 1.5% of genes were repressed, and 2.5% were induced by the bile acid diet. However, the sexually dimorphic regulatory pattern of the CETP gene was an unusual response. Our data provide further evidence for the regulation of CETP and Cyp7a genes by similar molecular mechanisms, consistent with coordinate transcriptional regulation of sequential steps of reverse cholesterol transport. However, differential effects of the bile salt diet indicate additional complexity in the response of these two genes.
Folic Acid Awareness and Use Among Women with a History of a Neural Tube Defect Pregnancy--Texas, 2000-2001 (2002)

The use of folic acid is a critical component in preventing birth defects. Health-care providers should take advantage of all health-care visits to counsel not only women at high risk (i.e., those with a history of having an infant with a neural tube defect [NTD]) but all women regarding the importance of folic acid use. A study conducted in Texas confirmed that white and Hispanic mothers were equally likely to recall receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid; however, Hispanic women were much less likely to use folic acid, compared with white women. This report covers data from May 2000 through November 2001. A study was conducted in Texas to determine whether women at high risk recall and follow recommendations to use folic acid. The study included 195 women at high risk and 223 control mothers who gave birth to infants without birth defects. These women participated in a telephone interview for a population-based case-control study of NTDs. Approximately 56.4% (110 of 195) of mothers who had infants affected by an NTD recalled receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid, compared with 25.6% (57 of 223) of control mothers (p < 0.01). Among nonpregnant case mothers, 54 (32.7%) of 165 reported regular use of supplements containing folic acid, and 53 (25.2%) of 210 nonpregnant control mothers reported this behavior (p = 0.11). Among case mothers, use of folic acid was significantly higher for whites (64.7%) versus Hispanics (16.5%) (p < 0.001); for women with some college education (57.1%) versus no college education (20.2%; p < 0.001); for women who were trying to get pregnant (66.7%) versus those using birth control (38.3%) or reporting using no contraceptive method (18.8%) (p = 0.001); and for women who reported receiving advice to use folic acid (40.9%) versus those who did not (22.2%; p = 0.01). Findings from this study support the need to implement NTD recurrence prevention activities in Texas. Data also identify a need for educational strategies in Texas that target Hispanic women at high risk, especially those who primarily speak Spanish. Further efforts should be made to determine why Hispanic women have low rates of folic acid use (e.g., the cost of vitamins and language and cultural barriers). On the basis of a review of research and current practice, recommendations developed by the Public Health Service include 1) women at risk for a recurrent NTD-affected pregnancy should take 0.4 mg of folic acidper day; and 2) if a woman at high risk is planning a pregnancy, she should consult her physician regarding taking the higher dose of 4.0 mg per day.
Conditions for Foam Generation in Homogeneous Porous Media (2002)

Abstract The generation of strong foam in homogeneous porous media has been reported to be a function of flow rate, pressure drop, permeability, and system length. This study seeks to explain foam generation in terms of dimensionless groups and establish the criteria for foam generation based on the mobilization of stationary foam lamellae. Steady-state theories and experiments in the literature suggested the existence of a critical pressure gradient for foam mobilization that is inversely proportional to permeability. Experiments involving transient displacement of surfactant solution with gas injection, however, revealed a critical pressure drop that is inversely proportional to the square-root of permeability. The observation led to a new criterion for mobilization and foam generation in transient experiments, that the pressure drop across the displacement front must exceed the pressure drop to mobilize a single lamella.
Clinicopathological and protein characterization of <i>BRAF</i>‐ and <i>K‐RAS</i>‐mutated colorectal cancer and implications for prognosis (2010)

Recent evidence highlights the potential prognostic and predictive value of BRAF and K-RAS gene alterations in patients with colorectal cancer. However, a comprehensive evaluation of BRAF and K-RAS mutations and their specific clinicopathological features, histomorphological presentation and effect on protein expression have not been systematically analyzed. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological, histomorphological and protein expression profiles of BRAF- and K-RAS-mutated colorectal cancers and determine their impact on patient survival. Molecular analysis for microsatellite instability (MSI), K-RAS and BRAF was carried out on paraffin-embedded samples from 404 patients with primary colorectal cancer. Using tissue microarrays, 36 tumor-associated and 14 lymphocyte/inflammatory-associated markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. BRAF mutation was associated with right-sided tumor location (p < 0.001), higher tumor grade (p = 0.029), absence of peritumoral lymphocytic inflammation (p = 0.026) and MSI-H (p < 0.001). In right-sided tumors, loss of CDX2 expression was observed in 23 of 24 cases (95.8%). BRAF mutation was a poor prognostic indicator in patients with right-sided disease (p = 0.01). This result was maintained in multivariable analysis (p < 0.001; HR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.5-5.5) with pT, pN and vascular invasion and independent of CDX2 expression. K-RAS mutation, in contrast, was not associated with any of the features analyzed. BRAF gene mutation is an adverse prognostic factor in right-sided colon cancer patients independent of MSI status and, moreover, in patients with lymph node-negative disease. These results indicate that molecular analysis for BRAF may be a useful biomarker for identifying patients with right-sided colon cancer with poor outcome who may benefit from a more individualized course of therapy.
DNA sequence of the gene encoding the Zc1 protein from<i>Zea mays</i>W64 A (1990)

The Zein-2 component named Zc 1 corresponds to a storage protein of an apparent M.W. of 16 kDa present in maize endosperm (1). A comparison of amino acid sequences between this protein and Zc2 (glutelin-2) shows that Zcl corresponds to a truncated Zc2 protein (2). In our laboratory we have isolated and sequenced a genomic clone (pZ3) of 3864 nucleotides coding for Zcl protein. This genomic fragment shows a length of 1241 bp for the 5' region, 551 bp for the coding region that appears underlined and 1062 bp for the 3' region. The putative TATA- box also appears underlined. The comparison with the sequence of the corresponding cDNA clone, shows the lack of introns in this gene. Furthermore, this is the first case for maize storage EMBL accession no. X53515 protein genes that sequences for a genomic clone and a cDNA clone fully coincide. The 5' region has been used for homology studies by comparison with the 5' sequence of Zc2 gene (these results are summarized in the next record). The availability of a large flanking sequence let us perform studies on gene expression.
The Phosphothreonine Lyase Activity of a Bacterial Type III Effector Family (2007)

Pathogenic bacteria use the type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells to modulate the host signaling pathways. In this study, the Shigella type III effector OspF was shown to inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38]. OspF irreversibly removed phosphate groups from the phosphothreonine but not from the phosphotyrosine residue in the activation loop of MAPKs. Mass spectrometry revealed a mass loss of 98 daltons in p-Erk2, due to the abstraction of the alpha proton concomitant with cleavage of the C-OP bond in the phosphothreonine residue. This unexpected enzymatic activity, termed phosphothreonine lyase, appeared specific for MAPKs and was shared by other OspF family members.
An algorithm for automatic detection of drowsiness for use in wearable EEG systems (2016)

Lack of proper restorative sleep can induce sleepiness at odd hours making a person drowsy. This onset of drowsiness can be detrimental for the individual in a number of ways if it happens at an unwanted time. For example, drowsiness while driving a vehicle or operating heavy machinery poses a threat to the safety and wellbeing of individuals as well as those around them. Timely detection of drowsiness can prevent the occurrence of unfortunate accidents thereby improving road and work environment safety. In this paper, by analyzing the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of human subjects in the frequency domain, several features across different EEG channels are explored. Of these, three features are identified to have a strong correlation with drowsiness. A weighted sum of these defining features, extracted from a single EEG channel, is then used with a simple classifier to automatically separate the state of wakefulness from drowsiness. The proposed algorithm resulted in drowsiness detection sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 93%.
207-nm UV Light - A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. I: In Vitro Studies (2013)

As predicted based on biophysical considerations, 207-nm light kills bacteria efficiently but does not appear to be significantly cytotoxic or mutagenic to human cells. Used appropriately, 207-nm light may have the potential for safely and inexpensively reducing surgical-site infection rates, including those of drug-resistant origin.
Can large disk built-in caches really improve system performance? (2002)

Via detailed file system and disk system simulation, we examine the impact of disk built-in caches on the system performance. Our results indicate that the current trend of using large built-in caches is unnecessary and a waste of money and power for most users. Disk manufacturers could use much smaller built-in caches to reduce the cost as well as power-consumption, without affecting performance.