gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitación vestibular para el vértigo: una revisión bibliogáfica (2010)

The vertigo is a frequent symptom and extremely limiting, that declines the patient’s quality of life. Nowadays, although techniques like Vestibular Rehabilitation (RV) are used, the use of medicine that inhibits the vestibular activity or on more severe ocations the application of surgeries - even thoough they eliminate the symptoms of the crisis, they also disable the regular functions of the system - it’s usual. In this revision an assesment of the existing evidence about the effectiveness of the vestibular rehabilitation as a treatment to the vestibular vertigo of peripheral origin is pretended.
Evaluation of Lipopolysaccharides and Polysaccharides of Different Epitopic Structures in the Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants and Cattle (1998)

Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis have surface lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides carrying B. melitensis-type (M) and B. abortus-type (A) epitopes as well as common (C) epitopes present in all smooth Brucella biotypes. Crude lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic O polysaccharides, and native hapten polysaccharides of MC or AC specificity were evaluated in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with polyclonal, monoclonal, or protein G conjugates by using sera from cattle, sheep, and goats infected with AC, MC, or AMC Brucella biotypes. Regardless of the antigen, the levels of antibodies were lower in goats than in sheep and highest in cattle. The diagnostic performance of the assay was not affected by the absence of lipid A-core epitopes, the presence of contaminating outer membrane proteins, the AC or MC epitopic structure of the absorbed antigen, or the conjugate used. Moreover, with sera from cattle vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (AC) or from sheep and goats vaccinated with B. melitensis Rev 1 (MC), AC and MC antigens showed similar levels of reactivity. The results show that antibodies to the C epitopes largely dominate in infection, and this is consistent with the existence of multiple overlapping C epitopes (V. Weynants, D. Gilson, A. Cloeckaert, A. Tibor, P. A. Denoel, F. Godfroid, J. N. Limet, and J.-J. Letesson, Infect. Immun. 65:1939-1943, 1997) rather than with one or two C epitopes. It is concluded that, by adaptation to the corresponding antibody levels, brucellosis in cattle, sheep, and goats can be diagnosed by immunosorbent assay with a single combination of conjugate and antigen.
Conflict Theory and Sex Differences on the CMAS (1966)

Widely used questionnaire measures of anxiety, including the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (McCandless and Castaneda, 1956) and the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (Sarason, and others, 1960), generally have used items which are answered yes or no, and which are so worded that agreement (i.e., a yes response) indicates anxiety. In the use of such questionnaires boys have consistently obtained lower scores than girls, and one way this result has been interpreted is to assume that boys are more defensive than girls (e.g., Sarason, and others, 1960). In this view it is argued that anxiety is ego-alien to boys because the behaviors and traits which characterize masculinity are more incompatible with manifestations of anxiety. The result is that boys are less willing to admit anxiety and have a greater tendency to give no responses where yes responses would ordinarily be given. In support of this contention indirect and circumstantial evidence has been obtained by the construction of a defensiveness scale (e.g., Hill, 1963). In the present study school situations in which anxiety questionnaires are given were viewed in terms of conflict theory (Lewin, 1954), and evidence of defensiveness was sought more directly through an analysis of actual responses to items of the CMAS. It was assumed that in responding to items of anxiety questionnaires subjects experience two generally incompatible motives. There is reason to believe that most children have a desire to cooperate with those administering anxiety questionnaires in school, but in view of the content of items of anxiety questionnaires it is likely that reporting on oneself is anxiety-producing. Thus, in terms of conflict theory it appears that this is a situation in which both approach and avoidance motivation is aroused, and conflict exists when the anxiety created by the prospect of admitting something about oneself equals the desire to cooperate and to report on oneself. Further, if it is assumed that approach motivation usually is stronger than avoidance motivation, then conflict will be produced in only a small proportion of the items, and these are likely to be the items which are the best indicators of anxiety.
Ultracryotomy: a technique for cutting ultrathin sections of unfixed frozen biological tissues for electron microscopy (1970)

SUMMARY An apparatus is described which facilitates the sectioning of unfixed and unembedded biological tissues for electron microscopy. The specimen is maintained at the temperature of boiling liquid nitrogen; the knife temperature may be controlled between −50 and − 150°C. Under the worst operating conditions specimen drift with respect to the knife is about 5 nm/sec, and suggestions are made on how this drift may be further reduced. We propose to call the apparatus an ‘ultracryotome’. Electron micrographs of a variety of unfixed, unembedded and unstained tissues are shown and commented on. Some developments of experimental electron microscopy which may be expected to develop from use of the ultracryotome are listed.
DISCUSSION. CONSTRUCTION OF A LARGE EXPERIMENT TANK AT HASLAR. (1959)

Keywords TANKS, EXPERIMENTS, CONSTRUCTION, EXPERIMENTAL, SHIPS, TESTS, SIMULATION, COVERED, CONCRETE, PONDS, PILES, PORE, WATER, GROUNDWATER, EFFECT, PLANT, WELDING, STEELWORK, ROOFS, MODELS, RESEARCH, ROTATING, ARMS, WALLS, PLASTIC, DESIGN, TRUSSES, TUBULAR, STEEL, TESTING, NON DESTRUCTIVE, WELDED, BARS, TENTOR, CRACKS HASLAR, PORTSMOUTH UK... Show All
Mesoproterozoic Calymmian Tintinnids from Central China (2009)

Tintinnids are very common in all marine water and even fresh water. The oldest fossils of Tintinnids are not only appeared in Neoproterozoic Era, but also in Mesoproterozoic Calymmian. Eight species of six genera Tintinnids of Mesoproterozoic Calymmian, from Huangmailing Phosphoric Ore in Hubei Province of Central China, are illustrated in this paper. They are the oldest ancestor of Tintinnids. Tintinnids had about 1600 million years history.
Visualization of Microscopy‐Based Spectral Imaging Data from Multi‐Label Tissue Sections (2008)

Combining images taken with light of specific wavelengths can dramatically enhance light-microscopic images. This technology is enabled by the availability of programmable filters that can be set to transmit light only of particular wavelengths. Spectral imaging technologies have become an important part of microscopy, and are particularly useful for analyzing samples that have been labeled with multiple (two or more) molecular markers. The most commonly used methodology for separating the markers from each other is linear unmixing, which results in a quantitative image of the location and amount of each marker present in the sample. The very complexity of these multilabel samples requires a high degree of sophistication in methods to visualize the results of unmixing. This article describes a wide range of useful visualization tools designed to better enable discrimination of different features in multilabeled tissue or cell samples. These commercially available tools can be attached to the standard laboratory light microscope to significantly enhance the power of light microscopy.
Debugging distributed applications with replay capabilities (1997)

The Ada Distributed Systems Annex, Annex E, provides a solution to programming distributed systems. An Ada application may be partitioned for execution across a network of computers so that typed objects may be referenced through remotely-called subprograms. The remotely-caued subprograms declared in a library unit categorized as remote call interface (RCI) may be either statically or dynamically bound, thereby allowing applications to use one of these three classical paradigms:
The ground surveillance robot (GSR): An autonomous vehicle designed to transit unknown terrain (1987)

The Ground Surveillance Robot (GSR) project has proceeded continuously since the Fall of 1980, and in that time an autonomous vehicle design and some degree of implementation has been achieved. The vehicle design has been partitioned into sensor, control, and planning subsystems. A distributed blackboard scheme has been developed which provides the mechanism by which these subsystems are coordinated. Vehicle position and orientation are supplied by vehicle attitude and navigation sensor subsystems. Obstacle avoidance capability has been implemented by fusing information from vision and acoustic ranging sensors into local goals and avoidance points. The influence of these points is combined through potential field techniques to accomplish obstacle avoidance control. Distant terrain characteristics are identified using information from a gray-level vision system, a color vision system, and a computer-controlled laser ranging sensor. These characteristics are used by a general planning engine to develop the desired path to a visible goal in the direction of the final goal. Progress to the final goal consists of a succession of movements from one distant but visible intermediate goal to another. The experience from implementing this autonomous vehicle has indicated the need for an integrated set of debugging tools which make the faults in subsystem hardware and software more distinguishable.
The role of circadian timing system on drug metabolism and detoxification (2010)

Chronopharmacology is used to analyze the metabolism of drugs in mammals according to the time of day. The circadian timing system plays a key role in the changes of toxicity of drugs by influencing their metabolisms in the liver and intestine in addition to their excretion via bile flow and urine.
Combined Imaging of Bacteria and Oxygen in Biofilms (2007)

Transparent sensors for microscopic O(2) imaging were developed by spin coating an ultrathin (<1- to 2-microm) layer of a luminescent O(2) indicator onto coverslips. The sensors showed (i) an ideal Stern-Volmer quenching behavior of the luminescence lifetime towards O(2) levels, (ii) homogeneous measuring characteristics over the sensor surface, and (iii) a linear decline of luminescence lifetime with increasing temperature. When a batch of such coverslip sensors has been characterized, their use is thus essentially calibration free at a known temperature. The sensors are easy to use in flow chambers and other growth devices used in microbiology. We present the first application for combined imaging of O(2) and bacteria in a biofilm flow chamber mounted on a microscope equipped with a spinning-disk confocal unit and a luminescence lifetime camera system.
Chlorination of Icosahedral Carborane Anions. X-ray Crystal Structure of [Me<sub>3</sub>NH][CH<sub>3</sub>-1-CB<sub>11</sub>Cl<sub>11</sub>] (1997)

A new carborane anion, CH3-1-CB11Cl11-, with a size comparable to that of C60 has been prepared in high yield by the direct chlorination of C-methylated CB11H12-. Its structure was fully characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Delivery by hand between human and robot based on fingertip force-torque information (2002)

Presents a delivery by hand between a multifingered hand and a human based on force-torque sensing. Of all cooperated tasks between humans and robots, the most important and basic factor is delivery of objects by hand. To insure positive delivery, the robot should open its hand only after making sure that the object has been received by the human. The human releases the object only after confirming that the robot can actually grasp the object stably. The features of the hand-delivery system introduced in the paper include that (1) the robot recognizes successful transfer of the object to a human when the human changes the grasping condition, (2) the human guides the position and orientation of the grasped object to a stable grasp, and (3) the robot, in response to the above guide, regrasps the object to realize a stable grasping condition. The paper introduces evaluation for stable grasp, and presents a new technique for sensor based regrasp manipulation and delivery by hand between a human and robot based on force-torque sensing which reflects the result of stability evaluation. Finally, experimental results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Binary Mask Estimation using Training-based SNR Estimation for Improving Speech Intelligibility (2012)

본 논문에서는 시간-주파수 영역에서의 이산 마스킹을 이용하여 잡음환경 음성의 음성 명료도를 높이는 방법에 대해 다루고자 한다. 잡음이 섞여 있는 음성신호를 시간-주파수 영역으로 분해하여, 상대적으로 잡음이 많이 섞여 있는 시간-주파수 영역의 신호를 마스크 "0"을 할당하여 제거함으로써 음성명료도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 이러한 이산 마스크를 추정하기 위해서는 각 시간-주파수 영역에서 신호 대 잡음 비를 추정하여 문턱값과 비교해야 하는데, 본 논문에서는 학습 기반의 신호 대 잡음 비 추정방법을 사용하여 문턱값과 비교하여 이산 마스크를 추정한다. 신호 대 잡음 비와 비교하기 위한 문턱값은 모든 주파수 대역에 대해 동일한 값을 이용하는 고정 문턱값 외에도 주파수 대역에 따라 학습 데이터의 분포로부터 최적의 값을 사용하는 최적 문턱값을 제안한다. 제안된 이산 마스크 추정 방법은 잡음 환경 데이터에 적용한 후, 피험자에게 들려주어 음성 명료도를 측정한다. This paper deals with a noise reduction algorithm which uses the binary masking approach in the time-frequency domain to improve speech intelligibility. In the binary masking approach, the noise-corrupted speech is decomposed into time-frequency units. Noise-dominant time-frequency units are removed by setting the corresponding binary masks as "0"s and target-dominant units are retained untouched by assigning mask "1"s. We propose a binary mask estimation by comparing the local signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to a threshold. The local SNR is estimated by a training-based approach. An optimal threshold is proposed, which is obtained from observing the distribution of the training database. The proposed method is evaluated by normal-hearing subjects and the intelligibility scores are computed by counting the number of words correctly recognized.
An Adaptive Linear Channel Equalizer Using Asymmetric Transversal Filter (2005)

Asp58 and Asp151 in human lens alphaA-crystallin invert and isomerize to d-beta-aspartyl residues with age. Here, we report that the racemization rate constants (k) of Asp58 and Asp151 residues in human recombinant alphaA-crystallin at 37 degrees C are 3.72 +/- 0.8 x 10(-4) and 10.7 +/- 0.7 x 10(-4)/day, respectively. The activation energy of racemization of Asp58 and Asp151 in the protein was 27.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol and 21.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The time required for the D/L ratio of Asp58 and Asp151 to approximate to 1.0 (D/L ratio of Asp = 0.99) at 37 degrees C was estimated as 20.9 +/- 3.7 and 6.80 +/- 0.4 years, respectively. Thus, Asp151 is more susceptible to racemization than Asp58, consistent with data from short model peptides. However, the racemization rates of both Asp58 and Asp151 residues in the protein were twice as rapid as in model peptides. These results indicate that the racemization of Asp residues in alphaA-crystallin may be influenced not only by the primary structure but also by the higher order structure around Asp residues in the protein.
Double Helical Octaphenylene (1997)

Symmetrical annelation of two functionalized tetra-o-phenylenes provides access to the double helical octaphenylene 1, which has a 360° turn of the double helix. Such π-conjugated systems with intrinsic chirality should be of interest in the development of a new generation of organic materials.
Decidual Stromal Cell Response to Paracrine Signals from the Trophoblast: Amplification of Immune and Angiogenic Modulators1 (2006)

During the invasive phase of implantation, trophoblasts and maternal decidual stromal cells secrete products that regulate trophoblast differentiation and migration into the maternal endometrium. Paracrine interactions between the extravillous trophoblast and the maternal decidua are important for successful embryonic implantation, including establishing the placental vasculature, anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall, and promoting the immunoacceptance of the fetal allograph. To our knowledge, global crosstalk between the trophoblast and the decidua has not been elucidated to date, and the present study used a functional genomics approach to investigate these paracrine interactions. Human endometrial stromal cells were decidualized with progesterone and further treated with conditioned media from human trophoblasts (TCM) or, as a control, with control conditioned media (CCM) from nondecidualized stromal cells for 0, 3, and 12 h. Total RNA was isolated and processed for analysis on whole-genome, high-density oligonucleotide arrays containing 54,600 genes. We found that 1374 genes were significantly upregulated and that 3443 genes were significantly downregulated after 12 h of coincubation of stromal cells with TCM, compared to CCM. Among the most upregulated genes were the chemokines CXCL1 (GRO1) and IL8,CXCR4, and other genes involved in the immune response (CCL8 [SCYA8], pentraxin 3 (PTX3), IL6, and interferon-regulated and -related genes) as well as TNFAIP6 (tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6) and metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP10, and MMP14). Among the downregulated genes were growth factors, e.g., IGF1, FGF1, TGFB1, and angiopoietin-1, and genes involved in Wnt signaling (WNT4 and FZD). Real-time RT-PCR and ELISAs, as well as immunohistochemical analysis of human placental bed specimens, confirmed these data for representative genes of both up- and downregulated groups. The data demonstrate a significant induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as angiogenic/static factors in decidualized endometrial stromal cells in response to trophoblast-secreted products. The data suggest that the trophoblast acts to alter the local immune environment of the decidua to facilitate the process of implantation and ensure an enriched cytokine/chemokine environment while limiting the mitotic activity of the stromal cells during the invasive phase of implantation.
The Cost of Serializability on Platforms That Use Snapshot Isolation (2008)

Several common DBMS engines use the multi- version concurrency control mechanism called Snapshot Isolation, even though application programs can experience non- serializable executions when run concurrently on such a platform. Several proposals exist for modifying the application programs, without changing their semantics, so that they are certain to execute serializably even on an engine that uses SI. We evaluate the performance impact of these proposals, and find that some have limited impact (only a few percent drop in throughput at a given multi-programming level) while others lead to much greater reduction in throughput of up-to 60% in high contention scenarios. We present experimental results for both an open- source and a commercial engine. We relate these to the theory, giving guidelines on which conflicts to introduce so as to ensure correctness with little impact on performance.
Autonomous search and counter-targeting using Levy search models (2013)

In this study, we explore the use of nondeterministic search trajectories to accomplish a two-fold mission of mobile robot search for a stationary target while avoiding counter-targeting by the adversary throughout the operation. We analyze the characteristics associated with a Levy distribution of search leg lengths to generate appropriate randomized search trajectories. We discuss the alteration of the probability distribution of the Levy search as a result of the method utilized to best address the presence of the bounded search area and confine the searcher within its boundaries. Through regression analysis of simulation results, we determine expressions for the coverage ratio evolution of the modified Levy search strategy and the distribution on time to target detection T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> , from which we are able to calculate the expected time, E[T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ], to detect the target uniformly distributed within the search area. We assert assumptions regarding the adversary's detection and tracking abilities to estimate the expected time, E[T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ], required for it to counter target the searcher. From these two expected times, we construct a novel probabilistic mission performance metric that measures the likelihood that the searcher will detect the target before it is counter targeted itself.
Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Silicon Photonic Nanowire Waveguides for On-Chip Networks (2008)

An investigation of signal integrity in silicon photonic nanowire waveguides is performed for wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals. First, we demonstrate the feasibility of ultrahigh-bandwidth integrated photonic networks by transmitting a 1.28-Tb/s data stream (32 wavelengths times 40-Gb/s) through a 5-cm-long silicon wire. Next, the crosstalk induced in the highly confined waveguide is evaluated, while varying the number of wavelength channels, with bit-error-rate measurements at 10 Gb/s per channel. The power penalty of a 24-channel signal is 3.3 dB, while the power penalty of a single-channel signal is 0.6 dB. Finally, single-channel power penalty measurements are taken over a wide range of input powers and indicate negligible change for launch powers of up to 7 dBm.
A Comparison of Route Guidance Destination Entry Methods (1993)

This paper examined four touchscreen methods for entering a destination into a route guidance system. Three of the interfaces were character entry-based including: 1) A method using a sequence of two buttons for each alphanumeric entry (referred to as Doublepress), 2) A Qwerty keypad layout, and 3) A phone-based keypad where letters were entered using their corresponding number key. The fourth interface provided an alphabetic list through which a user scrolled to select a city or street name. Sixteen subjects used each of the interfaces to enter destinations in a laboratory study while “parked” and while driving a simulator. The entry methods were evaluated based on entry time, driving performance, errors, preferences and perceived difficulty. Overall address entry times were fastest for the Phonepad (43 seconds) and Qwerty (45 seconds) methods followed by the Scrolling list (56 seconds) and Doublepress (75 seconds) methods. Entry time was significantly affected by driver age. Driving performance (deviation of lane position) was significantly worse when entering a destination as compared to baseline driving. Participants rated the difficulty of destination entry only slightly higher than that of conventional driving tasks. There was no evident preference for a particular entry method.
Using a Physical Wellbore Model To Study Formation Damage Problems in Well Completions (1995)

Abstract This paper describes the design and operation of a high pressure, high temperature wellbore model using either consolidated or unconsolidated core material. It can be configured with up to eight perforated cores representing varied zonal permeability. The model is set up for flow in either the injection or the production direction. It is acid rated and fluids can be pumped at rates to 130 BPD. Gravel-packing is accomplished in the model with either water or polymer carrier fluids. The model is used to perform laboratory evaluations of completion practices and stimulation techniques. We have evaluated the formation damaging potential of commonly used loss circulation materials and the inability to clean up some of these materials in unconsolidated formations. We have used the model to demonstrate the benefits of gravel pre-packing to avoid loss in perforation flow capacity. We have also evaluated diverting agents designed to improve coverage and stimulation of damaged zones.