gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A well-synchronized sensing/equalizing method for sub-1.0 V operating advanced DRAMs (1993)

In standard DRAMs, a half-V/sub cc/ bit-line (BL) precharging method is widely used because of its several advantages. However this method faces several problems as the power supply voltage Vcc becomes lower. This paper describes such problems as the MOS transistors in the sensing/equalizing circuits are affected by the body effect, fluctuation of channel length (L), and leak current. It is thefefore difficult to decide the value of the V/sub th/ which satisfies the above conditions. Accordingly, we propose a well-synchronized sensing/equalizing method that enables an ultra low-voltage operation and makes determining the V/sub th/ easy.
An organization and interface for sensor-driven semiconductor process control systems (1990)

An architecture and sensor bus interface for use in generic bus-organized sensor-driven process control systems where high accuracy and high reliability are important are presented. The organization permits 12-b digital sensor data to be communicated to the host processor over bidirectional parallel or serial data buses which include parity checking. Remote testing of the sensor can be implemented along with PROM-based digital compensation of primary and cross-parameter sensitivities. The sensor bus interface is microprocessor controlled, has been implemented using discrete commercial components, and has been designed and simulated in monolithic form. Designs using 3- mu m single-metal double-poly and 1- mu m double-metal single-poly CMOS technologies are contrasted. Monolithic node integration appears well within the range of current technology, with power levels of less than 75 mW and die areas below 40 mm/sup 2/. The organization makes sensor interrogations appear much like the memory accesses, yielding very fast response times to the host.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation of Cytoplasmic Heat Shock Granules in Tomato Cell Cultures and Leaves (1983)

Biochemical and electron microscopic analyses of heat-shocked suspension cultures of Peruvian tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) revealed that a considerable part of the dominant small heat shock proteins (hsps) with an Mr of approximately 17,000 are structural proteins of newly forming granular aggregates in the cytoplasm (heat shock granules), whose formation strictly depends on heat shock conditions (37 to 40 degrees C) and the presence or simultaneous synthesis of hsps. However, under certain conditions, e.g., in preinduced cultures maintained at 25 degrees C, hsps also accumulate as soluble proteins without concomitant assembly of heat shock granules. Similar heat shock-induced cytoplasmic aggregates were also observed in other cell cultures and heat-shocked tomato leaves and corn coleoptiles.
Interaction of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein VirD2 with histones (2014)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that genetically transforms plants and, under laboratory conditions, also transforms non-plant organisms, such as fungi and yeasts. During the transformation process a piece of ssDNA (T-strand) is transferred into the host cells via a type IV secretion system. The VirD2 relaxase protein, which is covalently attached at the 5' end of the T-strand through Tyr29, mediates nuclear entry as it contains a nuclear localization sequence. How the T-strand reaches the chromatin and becomes integrated in the chromosomal DNA is still far from clear. Here, we investigated whether VirD2 binds to histone proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using immobilized GFP-VirD2 and in vitro synthesized His6-tagged S. cerevisiae proteins, interactions between VirD2 and the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 were revealed. In vivo, these interactions were confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. After co-cultivation of Agrobacterium strains expressing VirD2 tagged with a fragment of the yellow fluorescent protein analogue Venus with yeast strains expressing histone H2A or H2B tagged with the complementary part of Venus, fluorescence was detected in dot-shaped structures in the recipient yeast cells. The results indicated that VirD2 was transferred from Agrobacterium to yeast cells and that it interacted with histones in the host cell, and thus may help direct the T-DNA (transferred DNA) to the chromatin as a prelude to integration into the host chromosomal DNA.
An Efficient Blacklistable Anonymous Credentials without TTPs Using Pairing-Based Accumulator (2017)

In conventional ID-based user authentications, privacy issues may occur, since users' behavior histories are collected in Service Providers (SPs). Although anonymous authentications such as group signatures have been proposed, these schemes rely on a Trusted Third Party (TTP) capable of tracing misbehaving users. Thus, the privacy is not high, because TTP can always trace users. Therefore, the anonymous credential system using a blacklist without TTP has been proposed, where blacklisted anonymous users can be blocked. Recently, an RSA-based blacklistable anonymous credential system with efficiency improvement has been proposed. However, this system still has an efficiency problem: The data size in the authentication is O(K'), where K' is the maximum number of sessions in which the user can conduct. Furthermore, the O(K')-size data causes the user the computational cost of (K') exponentiations. In this paper, a blacklistable anonymous credential system using a pairing-based accumulator is proposed. In the proposed system, the data size in the authentication is constant for parameters. Although the user's computational cost depends on parameters, the dependent cost is (δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BL</sub> ·K) multiplications, instead of exponentiations, where δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BL</sub> is the number of sessions added to the blacklist after the last authentication of the user, and is the number of past sessions of the user. The demerit of the proposed system is O(n)-size public key, where corresponds to the total number of all sessions of all users in the system. But, the user only has to download the public key once.
Anionic and pseudoanionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (1991)

Abstract Anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone conducted in THF solvent has been compared with polymerizations initiated with aluminium alkoxides. The latter processes have been kinetically analysed as the pseudoionic processes, i. e. with propagation proceeding by insertion. In the pseudoanionic reaction active species are aggregated. The methods of solving kinetic schemes involving aggregation ⇋ deaggregation equilibrium, followed by the chain growth on deaggregated species are described. These kinetic methods have been used to determine the propagation rate constants. The relationships between structures of the growing species and their reactivities have thus been determined.
Method of generating multiple sets of experimental phantom data. (2006)

A method has been developed that allows creation of sinograms of physical phantoms with the capacity to control the number of noise realizations, the level of noise, the dynamics of uptake in the phantom compartments, and the acquisition parameters and acquisition modes.
A combined analysis of D22S278 marker alleles in affected sib-pairs: Support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at chromosome 22q12 (1996)

Several groups have reported weak evidence for linkage between schizophrenia and genetic markers located on chromosome 22q using the lod score method of analysis. However these findings involved different genetic markers and methods of analysis, and so were not directly comparable. To resolve this issue we have performed a combined analysis of genotypic data from the marker D22S278 in multiply affected schizophrenic families derived from 11 independent research groups worldwide. This marker was chosen because it showed maximum evidence for linkage in three independent datasets (Vallada et al., Am J Med Genet 60:139-146, 1995; Polymeropoulos et al., Neuropsychiatr Genet 54:93-99, 1994; Lasseter et al., Am J Med Genet, 60:172-173, 1995. Using the affected sib-pair method as implemented by the program ESPA, the combined dataset showed 252 alleles shared compared with 188 alleles not share (chi-square 9.31, 1df, P = 0.001) where parental genotype data was completely known. When sib-pairs for whom parental data was assigned according to probability were included the number of alleles shared was 514.1 compared with 437.8 not shared (chi-square 6.12, 1df, P = 0.006). Similar results were obtained when a likelihood ratio method for sib-pair analysis was used. These results indicate that may be a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at 22q12.
Vortex Signature Recognition by a Doppler Radar (1970)

A scanning Doppler radar has capability for measurement of the tangential shear of radial velocity or gradient of the radial component of velocity in a direction normal to the radial vector. Tangential shear of sufficient magnitude in a horizontal direction reveals one term of the expression for vorticity in a horizontal plane. A vortex is reasonably well identified by Doppler radar if the shear is sufficiently steady during the time required for half a revolution of a vortex, and is further confirmed by extension of the shear pattern throughout a depth greater than its diameter, and by invariance of the character of the shear with respect to a change in viewing angle. A vortex in solid rotation has a characteristically uniform signature on a Doppler velocity display which may, however, be smoothed down according to the resolution limitations of the antenna beam. Sharp velocity peaks are rounded down to roughly half the magnitude of the velocity interval encompassed within the half-power antenna beamwidth. An illustration of a persistent vortex at altitudes of 1–4 km in a severe thunderstorm revealed a solidly rotating core averaging 600 m in radius with vorticities as high as 0.06 sec−1, surrounded by a much larger area of considerably smaller vorticity. During a 30-min period, an echo hole was found at a height of 1.5–2 km in the center of the vortex, with a structure quite similar in shape to the echo-free vault which has occurred on a larger scale in several tornadic storms in the Great Plains.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Immunosuppressive Role in Vivo (2016)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that can colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients leading to chronic infections that are thought to have biofilm etiology. This opportunistic bacterium produces three exopolysaccharides found in the biofilm matrix: PEL, PSL and alginate. In this thesis, understanding the synthesis and expression of PEL was conducted by developing complementation vectors for each gene in the pel operon, as well as proposed genes involved in precursor synthesis. These vectors can be manipulated to learn more about how the proteins function to contribute to PEL expression, as shown using the PelA complementation vector to dissect individual residue functions. Results also suggest that the epimerases, GalE and PA4068, contribute to the synthesis of PEL. It was also found that in vivo, PEL and PSL act as immunosuppressive virulence factors, impairing neutrophil activation, potentially leading to immune evasion through alteration in innate immune response.
Railroad infrastructure trespassing detection systems research in Pittsford, New York (2006)

The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, under the direction of the Federal Railroad Administration, conducted a 3-year demonstration of an automated prototype railroad infrastructure security system on a railroad bridge. Specifically, this commercial-off-the-shelf technology system was installed at a bridge in Pittsford, New York, where trespassing is commonplace and fatalities have occurred. This video-based trespass monitoring and deterrent system had the capability of detecting trespass events when an intrusion on the railroad right-of-way occurred. The interactive system comprised video cameras, motion detectors, infrared illuminators, speakers, and central processing units. Once a trespass event occurred, the in-situ system sent audible and visual signals to the monitoring workstation at the local security company where an attendant validated the alarm by viewing the live images from the scene. The attendant then issued a real-time warning to the trespasser(s) via pole-mounted speakers near the bridge, called the local police, and then the railroad police, if necessary. All alarm images were stored on a wayside computer for evaluation. The system was installed in August 2001 and evaluated over a 3-year period ending in August 2004. This report describes the results of this research endeavor. Topics addressed include the project location, system technology and operation, system costs, results, potential benefits, and lessons learned. The results indicate this interactive system can serve as a model for railroad infrastructure security system for other railroad ROW or bridges deemed prone to intrusion.\n
Core filaments of the nuclear matrix. (1990)

The nuclear matrix is concealed by a much larger mass of chromatin, which can be removed selectively by digesting nuclei with DNase I followed by elution of chromatin with 0.25 M ammonium sulfate. This mild procedure removes chromatin almost completely and preserves nuclear matrix morphology. The complete nuclear matrix consists of a nuclear lamina with an interior matrix composed of thick, polymorphic fibers and large masses that resemble remnant nucleoli. Further extraction of the nuclear matrices of HeLa or MCF-7 cells with 2 M sodium chloride uncovered a network of core filaments. A few dark masses remained enmeshed in the filament network and may be remnants of the nuclear matrix thick fibers and nucleoli. The highly branched core filaments had diameters of 9 and 13 nm measured relative to the intermediate filaments. They may serve as the core structure around which the matrix is constructed. The core filaments retained 70% of nuclear RNA. This RNA consisted both of ribosomal RNA precursors and of very high molecular weight hnRNA with a modal size of 20 kb. Treatment with RNase A removed the core filaments. When 2 M sodium chloride was used directly to remove chromatin after DNase I digestion without a preceding 0.25 M ammonium sulfate extraction, the core filaments were not revealed. Instead, the nuclear interior was filled with amorphous masses that may cover the filaments. This reflected a requirement for a stepwise increase in ionic strength because gradual addition of sodium chloride to a final concentration of 2 M without an 0.25 M ammonium sulfate extraction uncovered core filaments.
Using Frankencerts for Automated Adversarial Testing of Certificate Validation in SSL/TLS Implementations (2014)

Modern network security rests on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols. Distributed systems, mobile and desktop applications, embedded devices, and all of secure Web rely on SSL/TLS for protection against network attacks. This protection critically depends on whether SSL/TLS clients correctly validate X.509 certificates presented by servers during the SSL/TLS handshake protocol. We design, implement, and apply the first methodology for large-scale testing of certificate validation logic in SSL/TLS implementations. Our first ingredient is "frankencerts," synthetic certificates that are randomly mutated from parts of real certificates and thus include unusual combinations of extensions and constraints. Our second ingredient is differential testing: if one SSL/TLS implementation accepts a certificate while another rejects the same certificate, we use the discrepancy as an oracle for finding flaws in individual implementations. Differential testing with frankencerts uncovered 208 discrepancies between popular SSL/TLS implementations such as OpenSSL, NSS, CyaSSL, GnuTLS, PolarSSL, MatrixSSL, etc. Many of them are caused by serious security vulnerabilities. For example, any server with a valid X.509 version 1 certificate can act as a rogue certificate authority and issue fake certificates for any domain, enabling man-in-the-middle attacks against MatrixSSL and GnuTLS. Several implementations also accept certificate authorities created by unauthorized issuers, as well as certificates not intended for server authentication. We also found serious vulnerabilities in how users are warned about certificate validation errors. When presented with an expired, self-signed certificate, NSS, Safari, and Chrome (on Linux) report that the certificate has expired-a low-risk, often ignored error-but not that the connection is insecure against a man-in-the-middle attack. These results demonstrate that automated adversarial testing with frankencerts is a powerful methodology for discovering security flaws in SSL/TLS implementations.
Temperature estimation of semiconductor die heating using numerical techniques in real time (1997)

This paper first details many of the practical difficulties associated with the temperature measurement of a power semiconductor die housed within a commercial package. The paper then goes on to describe a method of protection which is based on predicting the die temperature in real time by the use of a numerical model continuously calculated on a low cost microprocessor. (6 pages)
EMG and Fatigue of Human Voluntary and Stimulated Contractions (1981)

During a 60s maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the adductor pollicis muscle the loss of force is accompanied by a parallel decline in both the integrated surface electromyogram (EMG) and the single muscle fibre spike counts recorded intramuscularly. This decline is not due to neuromuscular block since the muscle mass action potential (M wave) evoked by single maximal shocks to the nerve is well maintained; nor does the size of the single fibre spike change. It must, therefore, reflect a decline in the firing pattern of the motor neuron pool. The force of a sustained MVC continues to match that from maximal tetanic nerve stimulation; thus, all motor units remain active. Continuous nerve stimulation at the frequency required to match the voluntary force of unfatigued muscle leads to a progressive failure of the M wave, and a more rapid force loss than in an MVC. Both are largely restored by reducing the stimulus frequency. The decline in neural firing rate correlates well with the rate of muscle contractile slowing. It thus optimizes force by maintaining a relatively constant degree of tetanic fusion, while avoiding peripheral failure of electrical propagation.
Enterotoxin production and resistance to antimicrobial agents in porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains. (1982)

A select group of porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains capable of causing diarrheal disease in neonatal pigs and calves, respectively, were tested for enterotoxin production and resistance to 23 different antimicrobial agents. Thirty-four of the 39 porcine strains tested were enterotoxigenic; that is, they synthesized heat-stable (ST), together with heat-labile (LT), enterotoxin; ST toxin alone, or LT toxin alone. Fourteen of the 15 bovine strains tested produced ST toxin only, whereas 1 strain elaborated LT toxin only. All of the strains were multiple drug resistant. Among the porcine strains, 2 were resistant to 6 of the antimicrobial agents, and 1 was resistant to 18 of the drugs. All of these strains were resistant to cloxacillin, lincomycin, and penicillin G. None of them was resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, or nalidixic acid. One of the bovine strains was resistant to 7 of the drugs, and 1 strain was resistant to 17 of these antimicrobial agents. All of the bovine strains exhibited resistance to cloxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin, pencillin G, sulfathiazole, sulfamethizole, and triple sulfa (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine). None of these strains showed resistance to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurazone, or nitrofurantoin.
The Identification of Plum Pox (Sharka) Virus in England (1968)

SUMMARY Plum pox (sharka) virus was identified in two young cv. Italian Prune plum trees. Graft transmission to peach seedlings caused chlorotic vein banding and ‘corkscrew’ twisting of the leaves. Cheno‐podium foetidum and Nicotiana clevelandii plants were infected by sap inoculation, and the virus was transmitted from N. ctevelandii to N. clevelandii by Myzuspersicae . Circumstantial evidence indicated that
Asterolaurins A−F, Xenicane Diterpenoids from the Taiwanese Soft Coral <i>Asterospicularia laurae</i> (2009)

Six new xenicane-type diterpenoids, designated as asterolaurins A-F (1-6), have been isolated from the organic extract of the soft coral Asterospicularia laurae, collected in southern Taiwan. Compounds 1-4 possess a xenicin skeleton with a 2-oxabicyclo[7.4.0]tridecane ring system, while 5 and 6 are xeniolide A-type compounds. The structures of the new secondary metabolites, including their configurations, were established on the basis of an extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and by comparison of their NMR data with those of the related compounds. The structure of asterolaurin A (1) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined using the modified Mosher's method. Asterolaurin A (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 8.9 microM, while asterolaurin D (4) showed potent inhibition of elastase release and superoxide anion generation in vitro.
Evaluating TCP throughput and packet size under policing environment (2010)

We describe TCP performance under a token bucket policer and also show the performance problems, especially for the short round trip time (RTT) area. We also present a new algorithm to improve TCP throughput for short RTT flows using shorter-sized packets than its maximum transfer unit (MTU). Through simulations, we show the TCP throughput with packet size determined by our algorithm and compare it with the MTU-sized packets.
Gold thin film viscoelastic losses of a length extension mode resonator (2016)

In [1] we presented a new length extension mode (LEM) piezoelectric micro-resonator. Thanks to a specific design, anchor losses were lowered to maximize the Q.f product and the resonator. Viscous fluid damping is neglected since the resonator is under vacuum and so is the thermoelastic damping for a length extension mode. With a Q predicted over one million the resonator is well suited for MEMS oscillator devices. Nevertheless it appears that one remaining loss source was not evaluated through our previous work: the viscoelastic damping arising from the presence of gold electrodes on the resonator surface. To investigate the influence of the gold thin film on this new resonator, we studied several papers on the quality factor of gold coated resonators and deduced a frequency dependence of the viscoelastic behavior of the gold thin film. This dependence shows that the damping for the LEM resonator won't be as important as firstly predicted and is compliant for time and frequency applications. Furthermore, the damping can be reduced to improve the quality factor with new electrode designs. These designs shall also provide low motional resistances in order not to deteriorate the phase noise far from the carrier. Two different approaches are compared to reduce electrode damping for the LEM resonator: contactless electrodes and partial electrode coating on the resonator surface. It appears that both approaches are interesting regarding the available processing technologies and give promising phase noise predictions.