gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local work functions of clean tungsten surfaces under electric fields based on ab initio calculations (2019)

Tungsten, the common choice for vacuum tube filaments, can survive under high temperatures and provide thermionic emission of electrons. However, the emission is largely limited due to its relatively high work function (approximately 4.5 eV). First principles or ab initio calculations are used to study the local work functions of tungsten (W) clean (100), (110), and (111) surfaces under external electric fields. The authors have systematically tested the convergence of density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations in the local-density approximation (LDA) and generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) with a planewave basis set the projector-augmented wave method as implemented in the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP). Several pseudo-potentials have been tested for comparison. With the tungsten model under electric fields applied on both sides, we can investigate the dependence of the local work function and effective work function on field strength. In addition to thermionic emission, tungsten has been considered for use as a field emission (FE) electron source.
Targeting transcription factors (2013)

Transcription factors are an important target for cancer therapy, both through direct anticancer effects and immunomodulatory actions. Newly developed delivery systems that specifically target tumor cells also create opportunities for successes in targeting transcription in cancer.
Dynamic transmission range in inter-vehicle communication with stop-and-go traffic (2010)

Inter-vehicle communication is a promising way to share and disseminate real-time and nearby safety information on the road. However, several pressing open questions require solutions in order to achieve high reliability and efficiency with these systems. Further, previous studies show that mobility model can significantly influence the communication performance in vehicular networks. In this paper, we analyze communication in stop-and-go waves and propose a method to optimize an important network parameter, the transmission range, based on traffic pattern measures. Our findings suggest a transmission range adjustment scheme that achieves high reliability by considering network coverage and packet reception rates.
Inflammasomes are important mediators of cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation (2013)

Bladder inflammation (cystitis) underlies numerous bladder pathologies and is elicited by a plethora of agents such as urinary tract infections, bladder outlet obstruction, chemotherapies, and catheters. Pattern recognition receptors [Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs)] that recognize pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and/or DAMPs, respectively) are key components of the innate immune system that coordinates the production (TLRs) and maturation (NLRs) of proinflammatory IL-1β. Despite multiple studies of TLRs in the bladder, none have investigated NLRs beyond one small survey. We now demonstrate that NLRP3 and NLRC4, and their binding partners apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a COOH-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), are expressed in the bladder and localized predominantly to the urothelia. Activated NLRs form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1. Placement of a NLRP3- or NLRC4-activating PAMP or NLRP3-activating DAMPs into the lumen of the bladder stimulated caspase-1 activity. To investigate inflammasomes in vivo, we induced cystitis with cyclophosphamide (CP, 150 mg/kg ip) in the presence or absence of the inflammasome inhibitor glyburide. Glyburide completely blocked CP-induced activation of caspase-1 and the production of IL-1β at 4 h. At 24 h, glyburide reduced two markers of inflammation by 30-50% and reversed much of the inflammatory morphology. Furthermore, glyburide reversed changes in bladder physiology (cystometry) induced by CP. In conclusion, NLRs/inflammasomes are present in the bladder urothelia and respond to DAMPs and PAMPs, whereas NLRP3 inhibition blocks bladder dysfunction in the CP model. The coordinated response of NLRs and TLRs in the urothelia represents a first-line innate defense that may provide an important target for pharmacological intervention.
Rotating biological contactors: a review on main factors affecting performance (2008)

Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) constitute a very unique and superior alternative for biodegradable matter and nitrogen removal on account of their feasibility, simplicity of design and operation, short start-up, low land area requirement, low energy consumption, low operating and maintenance cost and treatment efficiency. The present review of RBCs focus on parameters that affect performance like rotational speed, organic and hydraulic loading rates, retention time, biofilm support media, staging, temperature, influent wastewater characteristics, biofilm characteristics, dissolved oxygen levels, effluent and solids recirculation, step-feeding and medium submergence. Some RBCs scale-up and design considerations, operational problems and comparison with other wastewater treatment systems are also reported.
Development Status of Ceramic Supported Catalyst (2002)

The ceramic honeycomb substrate has been an integral part of automotive emission technology for the past 20 years. From the first ceramic monolithic substrates for catalytic converters to the new more advanced designs and shapes used in various applications and industries, the ceramic substrate has provided years of durability and performance. This paper will discuss the evolution of the ceramic honeycomb substrate from its origin through the latest advanced applications.
Road Network Change Detection Based on Floating Car Data (2012)

The efficiency and accuracy of road network data in the latest electronic maps cannot satisfy the current demands of their application's needs. The present paper proposes a new method to use floating car data to detect and update changes in the road network. An experiment was carried out with actual data to test and verify the feasibility of the novel method. With the highly accurate map-matching between the floating car data and the current road network, the method not only determines road network changes promptly, but also uses incremental detection to obtain updated information on road networks in real time. Compared with the traditional updating method, the new method proposed in the current work can greatly shorten the update period of road networks and improve update efficiency.
Context Aware Active Learning of Activity Recognition Models (2015)

Activity recognition in video has recently benefited from the use of the context e.g., inter-relationships among the activities and objects. However, these approaches require data to be labeled and entirely available at the outset. In contrast, we formulate a continuous learning framework for context aware activity recognition from unlabeled video data which has two distinct advantages over most existing methods. First, we propose a novel active learning technique which not only exploits the informativeness of the individual activity instances but also utilizes their contextual information during the query selection process, this leads to significant reduction in expensive manual annotation effort. Second, the learned models can be adapted online as more data is available. We formulate a conditional random field (CRF) model that encodes the context and devise an information theoretic approach that utilizes entropy and mutual information of the nodes to compute the set of most informative query instances, which need to be labeled by a human. These labels are combined with graphical inference techniques for incrementally updating the model as new videos come in. Experiments on four challenging datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves superior performance with significantly less amount of manual labeling.
Endocytosis Resumes during Late Mitosis and Is Required for Cytokinesis (2005)

Recent work has underscored the importance of membrane trafficking events during cytokinesis. For example, targeted membrane secretion occurs at the cleavage furrow in animal cells, and proteins that regulate endocytosis also influence the process of cytokinesis. Nonetheless, the prevailing dogma is that endosomal membrane trafficking ceases during mitosis and resumes after cell division is complete. In this study, we have characterized endocytic membrane trafficking events that occur during mammalian cell cytokinesis. We have found that, although endocytosis ceases during the early stages of mitosis, it resumes during late mitosis in a temporally and spatially regulated pattern as cells progress from anaphase to cytokinesis. Using fixed and live cell imaging, we have found that, during cleavage furrow ingression, vesicles are internalized from the polar region and subsequently trafficked to the midbody area during later stages of cytokinesis. In addition, we have demonstrated that cytokinesis is inhibited when clathrin-mediated endocytosis is blocked using a series of dominant negative mutants. In contrast to previous thought, we conclude that endocytosis resumes during the later stages of mitosis, before cytokinesis is completed. Furthermore, based on our findings, we propose that the proper regulation of endosomal membrane traffic is necessary for the successful completion of cytokinesis.
Adaptive dynamic walking of a quadruped robot on irregular terrain by using neural system model (2002)

We are trying to induce a quadruped robot to walk dynamically on irregular terrain by using a neural system model. We integrate several reflexes, such as a stretch reflex, a vestibulospinal reflex, and extensor/flexor reflexes, into a CPG (central pattern generator). The success in walking on terrain of medium degree of irregularity with fixed parameters of CPGs and reflexes shows that the biologically inspired control proposed in this study has an ability for autonomous adaptation to unknown irregular terrain.
XOntoRank: Ontology-Aware Search of Electronic Medical Records (2009)

As the use of electronic medical records (EMRs) becomes more widespread, so does the need for effective information discovery within them. Recently proposed EMR standards are XML-based. A key characteristic in these standards is the frequent use of ontological references, i.e., ontological concept codes appear as XML elements and are used to associate portions of the EMR document with concepts defined in a domain ontology. A rich corpus of work addresses searching XML documents. Unfortunately, these works do not make use of ontological references to enhance search. In this paper we present the XOntoRank system which addresses the problem of ontology-aware keyword search of XML documents with a particular focus on EMR XML documents. Our current prototypes and experiments use the health level seven (HL7) clinical document architecture (CDA) Release 2.0 standard of EMR representation and the systematized nomenclature of human and veterinary medicine (SNOMED) ontology, although the presented techniques and results are applicable to any EMR hierarchical format and any ontology that defines concepts and relationships.
An operating method using prediction of photovoltaic power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system (2005)

Abstract This paper describes a novel operating method using prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system. The system is composed of a PV array, a storage battery, a bidirectional inverter, and a diesel engine generator (DG). The proposed method enables the system to save fuel consumption by using PV energy effectively, reducing charge and discharge energy of the storage battery, and avoiding low‐load operation of the DG. The PV power is simply predicted from a theoretical equation of solar radiation and the observed PV energy for a constant time before the prediction. The fuel consumption of the proposed method is compared with that of other methods by a simulation based on measurement data of the PV power at an actual PV generation system for 1 year. The simulation results indicate that the amount of fuel consumption of the proposed method is smaller than that of any other methods, and is close to that of the ideal operation of the DG. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 8–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20116
Opsis: a distributed object architecture based on bracket capabilities (2002)

The object-oriented access control in contemporary middleware is inadequate in view of the sensitivity of data stored on the internet and the growing threat from hackers and malicious software. In this paper we present the Opsis system, an architecture for distributed Java applications based on the strict use of `bracket capabilities&apos;. We describe the concept of `capability servers&apos; for supporting flexibility and transparency of remote invocation and for allowing the migration of objects. We demonstrate the power and simplicity of the system in an example E-commerce application including the definition of a form of secure electronic cheque .
Grain Boundary Melting or Liquid Film Migration in Brazing Sheet (2000)

A study has been carried out to increase understanding about the nature of core penetration, grain boundary melting or liquid film migration. In the literature all three phrases are used for probably the same metallurgical observation. This phenomenon is frequently observed in O-temper brazing sheet. In this study Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were correlated with the fillet sizes formed in a reverse T-sample, together with the occurrence of grain boundary penetration in the same sample. The conclusion is that DSC measurements provide reliable data to study grain boundary penetration. The DSC method is discriminating enough to measure small differences in grain sizes. DSC proves to be a simple but powerful tool to study changes in the core induced by the interaction of the clad alloy with the core alloy.
Simple Method to Enhance Positive Bias Stress Stability of In–Ga–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistors Using a Vertically Graded Oxygen-Vacancy Active Layer (2014)

We proposed a simple method to deposit a vertically graded oxygen-vacancy active layer (VGA) to enhance the positive bias stress (PBS) stability of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). We deposited a-IGZO films by sputtering (target composition; In2O3:Ga2O3:ZnO = 1:1:1 mol %), and the oxygen partial pressure was varied during deposition so that the front channel of the TFTs was fabricated with low oxygen partial pressure and the back channel with high oxygen partial pressure. Using this method, we were able to control the oxygen vacancy concentration of the active layer so that it varied with depth. As a result, the turn-on voltage shift following a 10 000 s PBS of optimized VGA TFT was drastically improved from 12.0 to 5.6 V compared with a conventional a-IGZO TFT, without a significant decrease in the field effect mobility. These results came from the self-passivation effect and decrease in oxygen-vacancy-related trap sites of the VGA TFTs.
Population Aging and the Use of Office-based Physician Services (2010)

From 1998 to 2008, the proportion of physician office-based visits in the United States became increasingly concentrated on those aged 45 and over. The intensity of physician office visits, as measured by medications prescribed or continued, imaging tests ordered or provided, and time spent with physicians, also became increasingly concentrated on those aged 45 and over. Although most physicians accept Medicare patients, acceptance of Medicare was higher among ophthalmologists and general surgeons than among general or family practitioners, internists, and psychiatrists. Over the past 30 years, the specialty concentration of visits has shifted significantly. In 1978, 62 percent of visits by patients aged 65 and over were to primary care physicians compared with 45 percent in 2008. The percentage of visits to physicians with a medical or surgical specialty increased from 37 percent to 55 percent.
The use of projective assessment techniques in pediatric research. (1989)

A variety of projective techniques are available to pediatric nurse researchers. This article focuses on four of the most frequently used projective assessment techniques in pediatric research: the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); the Child Apperception Test (CAT); the Rorschach; and Human Figure Drawings (HFDs). Each of these techniques is described in terms of the underlying theoretical framework for its development, instructions for use with children, reliability and validity, and major findings from health care and nursing literature. Ten recommendations are provided to help nurse researchers ensure that their data meet reasonable criteria for objectivity to allow for replication of their investigations. Despite the often contradictory, inconclusive research findings, there is a role for projective techniques both in clinical practice and research.
A capacitor cross-coupled differential cascade low-noise amplifier (2012)

A g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -boosting technique implemented by capacitor cross-coupling of common-gate devices in a differential cascode low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented for improving the gain and noise figure (NF) without significant increase in current consumption. The conventional cascode LNA exhibits a relatively low performance at millimeter-wave frequencies due to carrier mobility limitations and device parasitic in the common-gate stage. A cascode LNA is designed in a 180 nm RF CMOS process at center frequency of 40 GHz. It achieves a gain of 8.8 dB and a NF of 4.2 dB while reverse isolation is better than -15 dB. The LNA circuit consumes 6.5 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
Final quality of life and safety data for patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel in the <scp>UK</scp> Early Access Programme (EAP) ( <scp>NCT</scp> 01254279) (2015)

The UK EAP experience indicates that cabazitaxel might improve QoL in mCRPC and represents an advance and a useful addition to the armamentarium of treatment for patients whose disease has progressed during or after docetaxel. In view of the potential toxicity, careful patient selection is important.
Transistor-oscillator induction-motor drive (1958)

Transistor and saturable-core-transformer oscillators driving small 2-phase induction motors provide, in effect, a d-c motor without a commutator. The inductive, motor load on the oscillators requires that the transistors carry current in both directions and this is aided by shunting the transistors with rectifiers. Simple interconnection of two oscillators provides the 2-phase system. Operation of an experimental drive in the range from 125 to 500 cycles per second resembles behavior of a separately excited d-c motor except that motor shaft rotation is not reversed by reversing the d-c source. The harmonics in the square-wave motor voltages usually have negligible effect.
Evolution of block-copolymer order through a moving thermal zone (2009)

We investigate block-copolymer (BCP) thin film ordering kinetics during annealing across a moving in-plane temperature gradient. We operate in the so-called cold zone annealing (CZA) regime, where ordering temperatures are above the glass-transition, but well below the order-disorder transition. By measuring the order through the in-plane gradient, using atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), we confirm that CZA greatly enhances ordering kinetics, as compared to uniform oven annealing. The maximal ordering occurs over a narrow range of the heating-up phase, and not during the subsequent cooling phase. The large grain sizes obtained using CZA are due to enhanced kinetics, and not the preferential formation of certain grain orientations. Kinetic enhancement is apparent even below the bulk glass-transition temperature. We suggest that the in-plane temperature gradient drives enhanced kinetics.
A study of EWOD-driven droplets by PIV investigation (2008)

Despite the recent interest in droplet-based microfluidics using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD), fundamental understanding of the fluid dynamics remains limited to two-dimensional (2D) reduction of the Navier-Stokes equation. Experimental data are in dire need to verify the predictions and advance the field. We report an investigation of the flow inside droplets actuated by EWOD in air using micro particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV). Using the continuity equation, we reconstruct the 3D velocity field from the 2D PIV experimental data. We present some fundamental findings and build valuable insights that will help design sophisticated EWOD microfluidic devices. For example, the results confirm that efficient mixing in a droplet may be achieved by moving the droplet along an irreversible pattern that breaks the symmetry of the two circulating inner flows.
Structure Direction of II−VI Semiconductor Quantum Dot Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices by Tuning Radius Ratio (2008)

We report a nanoparticle radius ratio dependent study of the formation of binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) of CdTe and CdSe quantum dots. While keeping all other parameters identical in the system, the effective nanoparticle radius ratio, gamma(eff), was tuned to allow the formation of five different BNSL structures, AlB(2), cub-NaZn(13), ico-NaZn(13), CaCu(5), and MgZn(2). For each structure, gamma(eff) is located close to a local maximum of its space-filling factor, based on a model for space filling principles. We demonstrate the ability to select specific BNSLs based solely on gamma(eff), highlighting the role of entropic forces as a driver for self-assembly.
A generic dynamic-mapping wrapper for open hypertext system support of analytical applications (1997)

No abstract available.
Determination of Oxidative Stability of Oils and Fats (1999)

In a new approach to evaluating the oxidative stability of oils and fats, the consumption of oxygen by a sample confined in a reactor of adjustable temperature is monitored with a gas-phase flow injection analysis (FIA) system. Temperature-dependent data are collected in a low-oxygen-content atmosphere. For a variety of samples, log(oxygen consumption) is linearly related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (minimum linear r(2) > 0.99). This makes it possible to extrapolate the temperature-dependent data to predict the stability of the samples at other temperatures, e.g., typical ambient storage temperatures at which the direct determination of oxidative stability would be too slow for most samples. The proposed method is instrumentally simple and is easily automated. The sample throughput rate is an order of magnitude faster relative to current alternatives; temperature-dependent stability characterization for a sample (three temperatures, triplicate measurement at each temperature) requires ≤ 2 h. The reproducibility of the results is excellent. For a cottonseed-oil sample studied over 3 days, the slope and intercept of the log(O(2) consumption) vs 1/T linear plot (for all the 45 measurements made) exhibited uncertainties of 2.1% and 2.0% for the slope and the intercept, respectively, with a linear r(2) value of 0.9929. In a high-temperature (160 °C) oxidation experiment with various oils, the oxygen consumption was well-correlated (linear r(2) 0.9692) with the concomitant decrease in iodine absorption number (IAN). In contrast, it was poorly and negatively correlated with an increase in the peroxide value.