gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifunctionality of the AcMNPV Homologous Region Sequence ( <i>hr</i> 1): Enhancer and <i>ori</i> Functions Have Different Sequence Requirements (1996)

The Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) homologous region sequence hr1 is a putative origin of replication (ori) sequence and can also function as a transcriptional enhancer for delayed-early genes. We demonstrate that this 750-bp sequence, carrying five 28-bp core palin-dromes, enhances expression from the very late polyhedrin promoter up to 11-fold in a classical enhancer fashion in transient expression assays. Enhancement is at the level of transcription, as evident from RNase protection assay analysis. It is mediated by an alpha-amanitin-insensitive RNA polymerase from the authentic polyhedrin promoter transcription start site and follows the temporal activation profile characteristic of the polyhedrin promoter. Three lines of evidence conclusively demonstrated that hr1 acts typically as an enhancer of polyhedrin gene transcription independent of its role as an ori: (i) linearized hr1-reporter plasmids, incapable of replicating in the host cell, could enhance transcription from the promoter; (ii) reporter plasmid copy number was not affected by the presence of aphidicolin during transfection; (iii) reporter plasmid DNA recovered from Sf9 cells was sensitive to Dpn I confirming its unreplicated state in the transfection regime followed by us. Molecular dissection of the hr1 sequence elements revealed that a core palindrome alone can function as an ori sequence whereas a palindrome along with flanking sequences is essential for the enhancer activity. Enhancement of luciferase expression from the polyhedrin promoter is a function of the number of core palindromes and flanking sequences. Our results demonstrate that hr1, which has several motifs for enhancer binding proteins and transcription factors, has a dual role associated with both DNA replication and transcriptional enhancement.
Detection of the Pinewood Nematode, <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, Using a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (2005)

ABSTRACT The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has caused significant damage to pine plantations both in East Asia and North America and is an important quarantine organism. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect B. xylophilus. A set of primers and probe specific for B. xylophilus was designed to target the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. Optimal primer concentration, Mg(2+) concentration, and extension temperature were 400 nM, 3.0 mM, and 60 degrees C, respectively. The assay was highly specific and sensitive, detecting as little as 0.01 ng of B. xylophilus DNA. The real-time PCR assay also successfully detected B. xylophilus in field samples, and it should be very useful for quarantine purposes.
On the Role of Nonlinearity in the Dynamic Behavior of Rubber Components (1986)

Abstract This paper has discussed the transmissibility behavior of rubber mounts with reference to nonlinearity originating from the material composition and from the geometrical design. It has been shown that in many cases, linear assumptions can be made, provided the limitations of these assumptions are understood. In this case, design can proceed as for a linear spring. Finally, there is some indication of how the nonlinear behavior can be exploited to advantage in the design of novel suspension components.
Iterative Pseudo-Labeling for Speech Recognition (2020)

Pseudo-labeling has recently shown promise in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). We study Iterative Pseudo-Labeling (IPL), a semi-supervised algorithm which efficiently performs multiple iterations of pseudo-labeling on unlabeled data as the acoustic model evolves. In particular, IPL fine-tunes an existing model at each iteration using both labeled data and a subset of unlabeled data. We study the main components of IPL: decoding with a language model and data augmentation. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of IPL by achieving state-of-the-art word-error rate on the Librispeech test sets in both standard and low-resource setting. We also study the effect of language models trained on different corpora to show IPL can effectively utilize additional text. Finally, we release a new large in-domain text corpus which does not overlap with the Librispeech training transcriptions to foster research in low-resource, semi-supervised ASR
Structure–Activity Relationships of Human Urotensin II and Related Analogues on Rat Aortic Ring Contraction (2003)

The sequence of human urotensin II (UII) has been recently established as H-Glu-Thr-Pro-Asp-Cys-Phe-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Cys-Val-OH, and it has been reported that UII is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor peptide identified so far. A series of UII analogues was synthesized, and the contractile activity of each compound was studied in vitro using de-endothelialised rat aortic rings. Replacement of each amino acid by an L-alanine or by a D-isomer showed that the N- and C-terminal residues flanking the cyclic region of the amidated peptide were relatively tolerant to substitution. Conversely, replacement of any residue of the cyclic region significantly reduced the contractile activity of the molecule. The octapeptide UII(4-11) was 4 times more potent than UII, indicating that the C-terminal region of the molecule possesses full biological activity. Alanine or D-isomer substitutions in UII(4-11) or in UII(4-11)-NH2, respectively, showed a good correlation with the results obtained for UII-NH2. Disulfide bridge disruption or replacement of the cysteine residues by their D-enantiomers markedly reduced the vasoconstrictor effect of UII and its analogues. In contrast, acetylation of the N-terminal residue of UII and UII-NH2 enhanced the potency of the peptide. Finally, monoiodination of the Tyr6 residue in UII(4-11) increased by 5 fold the potency of the peptide in the aortic ring bioassay. This structure-activity relationship study should provide useful information for the rational design of selective and potent UII receptor agonists and antagonists.
Macrophage Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication in the Peripheral Nervous System (1999)

After corneal infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) invades sensory neurons with cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), replicates briefly, and then establishes a latent infection in these neurons. HSV-1 replication in the TG can be detected as early as 2 days after corneal infection, reaches peak titers by 3-5 days after infection, and is undetectable by 7-10 days. During the period of HSV-1 replication, macrophages and gammadelta TCR+ T lymphocytes infiltrate the TG, and TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme, and IL-12 are expressed. TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the iNOS product nitric oxide (NO) all inhibit HSV-1 replication in vitro. Macrophage and gammadelta TCR+ T cell depletion studies demonstrated that macrophages are the main source of TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas gammadelta TCR+ T cells produce IFN-gamma. Macrophage depletion, aminoguanidine inhibition of iNOS, and neutralization of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma all individually and synergistically increased HSV-1 titers in the TG after HSV-1 corneal infection. Moreover, individually depleting macrophages or neutralizing TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma markedly reduced the accumulation of both macrophages and gammadelta TCR+ T cells in the TG. Our findings establish that after primary HSV-1 infection, the bulk of virus replication in the sensory ganglia is controlled by macrophages and gammadelta TCR+ T lymphocytes through their production of antiviral molecules TNF-alpha, NO, and IFN-gamma. Our findings also strongly suggest that cross-regulation between these two cell types is necessary for their accumulation and function in the infected TG.
Growth and Characterization of Potassium Niobate (KNbO<sub>3</sub>) Crystal from An Aqueous Solution (2001)

Ferroelectric orthorhombic potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ) crystal is successfully grown from an aqueous solution dissolving K 2 NbO 3 F as a nutrient. Although the size of each crystal is about 10 µm or less, properties of the formed KNbO 3 crystals have been examined. The possibility of using this method in the future to grow KNbO 3 crystals or thin films has also been investigated in order to apply KNbO 3 to acoustic devices.
Interaction of Extender Composition and Incubation Period on Cold Shock Susceptibility of Boar Spermatozoa (1972)

Four trials were conducted to determine the effects of extender composition on the development of cold shock resistance in boar spermatozoa. Acrosome morphology and sperm motility were the criteria used to assess cold shock damage. Spermatozoa developed Cold shock resistance during in vitro incubation at 30 C in all four trials. Extender pH had a marked effect on the development of cold shock resistance. When spermatozoa were cold shocked after 2-hr, incubation, sperm motility in the extenders with pH 7.3, 8.0 and 8.3 was significantly (P<.01) higher than in the extenders with pH 5.9 and 6.6. However, sperm acrosomes were significantly (P<.01) more resistant to cold shock after 7-hr, incubation in extenders with pH 5.9, 6.6 and 7.3 than in extenders with pH 8.0 and 8.3. Sperm acrosomes were significantly (P<.01) more resistant to cold shock after 5-hr, incubation in the lactose, sucrose and raffinose containing extenders than in the glucose and fructose containing extenders. Varying the level of Tris in the extender from 0.082M to 0.246M did not significantly affect the cold shock resistance developed during 1- or 5-hr, incubation. Varying the level of egg yolk in the Tris-lactose extender from 0 to 30% had no significant effect on sperm motility after cold shock at 1- or 5-hr, incubation. Sperm acrosomes were more cold shock resistant after 5-hr, incubation in 0% egg yolk extender than in 30% egg yolk extender (P<.01) and 20% egg yolk extender (P<.05).
Use of Indigenous and Adapted Microbial Assemblages in the Removal of Organic Chemicals from Soils and Sediments (1992)

Among the consequences of discharging industrial wastes to land and water bodies is the widespread accumulation of toxic chemical mixtures in surface and subsurface environments. It is believed that the distribution of toxic materials in the environment constitutes a threat to ecological and human health. Bioremediation of contaminated soils and sediments using indigenous and adapted microbial consortia offers the possibility of rapid and cost-effective removal of organic and organometallic compounds to low levels and nontoxic products. The purpose of this communication is to discuss the theory and practice of bioremediation as it applies to contaminated sediments, and present data on the removal and detoxification of refinery wastes containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
General superiority of biphasic over uniphasic shocks in cardiac defibrillation (1988)

The comparative results of eight studies involving uniphasic and biphasic waveforms in 16383 transthoracic fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in 100-kg calves are critically summarized. A 1200-episode study of uniphasic and biphasic waveforms in epicardial and catheter defibrillation in dogs and two studies involving 733 defibrillation attempts using uniphasic and biphasic waveforms in the epicardial defibrillation of calves are presented. It is found that appropriate biphasic waveforms generally outperform uniphasic waveforms by (a) yielding a higher percent success, (b) requiring less energy to yield the peak possible value of success, and (c) furnishing quite successful results over a broader range of waveform parameters, thus making satisfactory performance less dependent on operator technique or patient-to-patient differences.< <ETX>></ETX>
Effect of Hydrogen on High Cycle Fatigue Failure of High Strength Steel, SCM435 (2005)

High cycle fatigue properties of high strength steel were investigated. In the Fuel Cell(FC) system, various metals are used in hydrogen environment under cyclic loading. In this study, hydrogen was artificially charged into specimen of a Cr-Mo high strength steel, and the fatigue properties were compared with those of the specimens without hydrogen charge. Fatigue strength and fatigue life decreased with increasing hydrogen content. The fracture origin of hydrogen charged specimens showed smaller ODAs than as-heat-treated specimens. It implies that the fatigue threshold of the microstructure which contains high hydrogen content is much lower than that of the as-heat-treated microstructure, and the upper bound of the critical hydrogen content level resulting ODA lies between 1.5ppm and 2.3ppm. Hydrogen desorption properties near the fracture origin were measured with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer(SIMS) and Thermal Desorption Spectrometer(TDS). Measurements with TDS and SIMS revealed that hydrogen trapped in microstructure is diffusive one and the hydrogen trapped by inclusion is non-diffusive one.
Identification of Cell Surface Molecules Characterizing Human Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas (2002)

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of malignant mature T-cell proliferations most often presenting as mycosis fungoides (MF) or its leukemic variant, Sezary syndrome (SS). No specific cell surface markers are presently available to distinguish the circulating malignant clone from normal lymphocytes. Using the previously established CTCL cell lines, Cou-LS and Pno, we have detected two leucocyte cell surface antigens with aberrant expression on CTCL cells. The NK-receptor (NKR) p140/KIR3DL2 normally expressed by NK and CD8+ T-cells was detected on the surface of CTCL cell lines as well as on freshly isolated CD4+PBL from SS patients. Further on, p140 marked in situ SS cells, distinguishing them from p140-negative tumor cells of patch plaque MF. SC5 is a newly described activation-related intracellular inhibitory receptor expressed on the surface of a minor PBL subset. We found that SC5 expression was significantly increased in SS cells and correlated to p140 expression. Moreover, cross-linking of SC5 molecules inhibited the malignant cell proliferation induced by anti-CD3 mAbs. The identification of these new structures on circulating SS tumor cells seems to be important both for the understanding of CTCL pathophysiology and for the clinical management of SS patients.
Syntheses of 2-sulfamoylmethylbenzoxazole derivatives and determination of their anticonvulsant activities. (1981)

Some 2-sulfamoylmethylbenzoxazole derivatives were synthesized from 2-bromomethylbenzoxazole by reaction with sodium bisulfite, followd by chlorination and amination. Among them, 2-sulfamoylmethylbenzoxazole (5a) showed the strongest anticonvulsant activity, which was compared with that of 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1, 2-benzisoxazole (I).
Production of Well-Controlled Laminar Aerosol Jets and Their Application for Studying Aerosol Combustion Processes (2002)

Generation of steady-state solid aerosol jets with controllable parameters is often necessary in experimental studies and industrial processes. Most of the current approaches use a fluidized bed to produce an aerosol flow and always introduce initial turbulence into the jet. Toproduce a laminar aerosol jet, flow straighteners and long tubes are used that make the design cumbersome and inflexible. In addition, in a fluidized bed-type system, the aerosol number density and gas flow rate are inherently interdependent. In a new apparatus described in this paper, metal aerosol is produced using an electrostatic recharging of particles in a DC electric field of a parallel plate capacitor, a so-called electrostatic particulate method. The powder is aerosolized within the capacitor without using any gas flows and only a small velocity, a laminar gas jet is used to carry the aerosol away from the chamber through a small nozzle made in the top plate of the capacitor. It is shown that the aerosol number density is controlled by an electric field, independently of the gas flow rate. The usefulness and flexibility of the new technique for the aerosol combustion studies is demonstrated. Preliminary results on characterization of the produced small-scale, laminar, premixed, lifted aluminum-air flames are reported. The flame propagation velocities are measured and compared to the earlier results; overall flame dimensions and radiation profiles are determined. Individual particle flame zones are visualized in the aluminum-air aerosol flame for the first time.
Biomedical text disambiguation using UMLS (2013)

Interest in extracting information from biomedical documents has increased significantly in recent years but has always been challenged by the ambiguity of natural language. An important source of ambiguity is the usage of polysemous words: words with multiple meanings. Word sense disambiguation algorithms attempt to solve this problem by finding the correct meaning of a polysemous word in a given context, but very few algorithms were designed to disambiguate biomedical text. In this study we propose a word sense disambiguation algorithm focused on biomedical text. The proposed algorithm does not need to be trained and uses a relatively small knowledge base.
Analysis and optimum design of a buck-type DC-to-DC converter employing load current feedforward (2002)

Analytical and experimental considerations of the dynamic characteristics of a voltage controlled buck-type DC-to-DC power converter employing load current feedforward are described. The performance index, integral of the output voltage square error is introduced to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the output voltage by taking a transfer-function of a current transformer into consideration. As a result, optimum conditions of the feedforward parameters that give the excellent dynamic regulation are derived. Furthermore, the effective control region of the feedforward limited by the saturation characteristics of the PWM is discussed.
On Application of MUSIC Algorithm to Time Delay Estimation in OFDM Channels (2005)

The time delays of the OFDM paths delimit the size of guard interval in OFDM symbols-important factor for system throughput. In order to apply guard interval as an adaptive parameter like in DRM system, time delays should have been evaluated in real time and in a simple way. Presented software method takes advantage of the information carried out by pilot subcarriers of the OFDM signal. It is shown that pilot subcarriers of OFDM signal in multipath channel are described by equations formally equivalent to equations of Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) problem in antenna array processing. This analogy leads to application of the MUSIC algorithm of DOA problem to time delay estimation of the individual OFDM paths. Related condition for distribution of pilots within OFDM symbol is given. In case of time delays outside the guard interval the MUSIC algorithm is shown to produce 'shadow' and 'ghost' paths.
A New Method for the Polarographic Determination of Nitrate (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Polarographic Determination of NitrateI. M. Kolthoff, W. E. Harris, and G. MatsuyamaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1782–1786Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1944https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Database meets programmable controller (the shrinking of level two) (2002)

There has been tremendous growth in connectivity options in modern programmable controllers. Modern databases have become more accessible to applications and multiple computer platforms; databases have become more friendly. In parallel with these developments, the manufacturing organization has changed. A discussion is presented of the benefits and costs of combining these tools. The system that is created also results in the shrinking of level two of the five-level manufacturing model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graft Architectured Rod–Coil Copolymers Based on Alternating Conjugated Backbone: Morphological and Optical Properties (2015)

Controlling the self-assembly of conjugated copolymers is of great importance in tuning their physical and optoelectronic properties, offering potential pathways to greatly enhance the performance of organic electronics. Here, we report the synthesis of rod–coil graft copolymers containing an electroactive conjugated rod-like backbone and polymer coils as grafts and demonstrate the control of their ordered nanostructures. As a model system, we synthesized light-emitting poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) (PFP) alternating copolymers and then grafted poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) chains with different lengths via a “click” reaction to produce a series of PFP-g-P2VP graft copolymers with various P2VP volume fractions (fP2VP). Interestingly, PFP-g-P2VP rod–coil copolymers assembled into well-ordered cylinders and lamellae depending on fP2VP values that resembled those of the coil–coil type block copolymers, but with very different fP2VP values for the morphological transitions (i.e., cylinders to lamellae). The morphological behavior of these graft copolymers was investigated using self-consistent-field theory simulations. Furthermore, by fully exploiting the controlled nanostructures of PFP-g-P2VP and the strong emitting properties of the PFP backbone, we developed multicolor colloidal particles that emit a broad range color spectrum from blue, white, and orange light. Our synthetic approach paves a new method for modulating the self-assembled nanostructures of rod–coil copolymers and their optoelectronic properties.
Incorporating Process Planning Into Conceptual Design (1999)

Abstract This paper describes recent developments in the Design and Process Planning Integration (DPPI) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The project addresses the need for improved communication between design and process planning in the early product design stage. Since major manufacturing costs are committed during product specification and design, it is critical to successfully assess manufacturability and cost as early as possible in the design process. Documenting the DPPI foundation, this paper reviews industry needs for an integrated design and manufacturing environment for rapid product development. Additionally, this paper describes the project’s approach and the current status. Conceptual design and process planning prototype systems, that have been implemented, are also described. Finally, it describes the future direction for developing mechanisms to enable the integration of design and process planning, including information models and language interface specifications.