gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>The ABLE ACE wavefront sensor</title> (1997)

A low noise, high resolution Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was included in the ABLE-ACE instrument suite to obtain direct high resolution phase measurements of the 0.53 micrometers pulsed laser beam propagated through high altitude atmospheric turbulence. The wavefront sensor employed a Fired geometry using a lenslet array which provided approximately 17 sub-apertures across the pupil. The lenslets focused the light in each sub-aperture onto a 21 by 21 array of pixels in the camera focal plane with 8 pixels in the camera focal plane with 8 pixels across the central lobe of the diffraction limited spot. The goal of the experiment was to measure the effects of the turbulence in the free atmosphere on propagation, but the wavefront sensor also detected the aberrations induced by the aircraft boundary layer and the receiver aircraft internal beam path. Data analysis methods used to extract the desired atmospheric contribution to the phase measurements from the data corrupted by non-atmospheric aberrations are described. Approaches which were used included a reconstruction of the phase as a linear combination of Zernike polynomials coupled with optical estimator sand computation of structure functions of the sub-aperture slopes. The theoretical basis for the data analysis techniques is presented. Results are described, and comparisons with theory and simulations are shown. Estimates of average turbulence strength along the propagation path from the wavefront sensor showed good agreement with other sensor. The Zernike spectra calculated from the wavefront sensor data were consistent with the standard Kolmogorov model of turbulence.
A deleted B chromosome in a mosaic mother and her cri du chat progeny. (1970)

Familial occurrence of chromosomal anomalies may be caused by: (1) numerical chromosomal abnormalities present in all or some of the cells of one of the parents (secondary non-disjunction), or (2) by a genetically determined tendency to meiotic or mitotic non-disjunction.
A graphical environment for user-interface design and development (1990)

This paper presents a new approach to the design of an easy-to-use and flexible user-interface management system (UIMS). We identify two major problems for UIMSs. The first problem is to find a way to make the UIMS easier to use without sacrificing important functionality. A new design concept, behaviour abstraction, is described which allows important gains in ease-of-use, while retaining the kind of flexibility needed by user-interface designers. The second problem is to provide a user-interface design tool that allows easy and flexible runtime configuration. A traditional notation, the data-flow diagram, proves to be an adequate and appropriate organising principle for the design of the runtime connection between a user-interface module and application modules. An implementation, called the graphical specification system (GSS), provides an integrated environment for designing the user-interface component of interactive embedded system software. GSS provides two tools; an application display generator (ADG) for designing screen objects and a data-flow editor (DFE) for specifying runtime connections. The ADG uses behaviour abstraction in a what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) drawing environment. The designer can easily create arbitrary graphical presentations and assign behavioural roles for these presentations to build functional user-interface objects. In the DFE, the designer can specify sources, transformations and destinations of data by selecting user-interface objects designed in ADG, attaching functions to internal nodes or using special intermodule connection icons called ports. The DFE allows a limited programming capability through the diagrams to accommodate the needs of an evolving user interface. GSS demonstrates the smooth integration of a drawing environment for display design and a data-flow editor for runtime specification. The specifications can be executed for testing during the design process and saved for stand-alone execution. Our results provide a platform for future work in extending the behaviour abstraction concept and for building in usability engineering tools.
Real-Time Closed-Loop Control of Cognitive Load in Neurological Patients During Robot-Assisted Gait Training (2011)

Cognitively challenging training sessions during robot-assisted gait training after stroke were shown to be key requirements for the success of rehabilitation. Despite a broad variability of cognitive impairments amongst the stroke population, current rehabilitation environments do not adapt to the cognitive capabilities of the patient, as cognitive load cannot be objectively assessed in real-time. We provided healthy subjects and stroke patients with a virtual task during robot-assisted gait training, which allowed modulating cognitive load by adapting the difficulty level of the task. We quantified the cognitive load of stroke patients by using psychophysiological measurements and performance data. In open-loop experiments with healthy subjects and stroke patients, we obtained training data for a linear, adaptive classifier that estimated the current cognitive load of patients in real-time. We verified our classification results via questionnaires and obtained 88% correct classification in healthy subjects and 75% in patients. Using the pre-trained, adaptive classifier, we closed the cognitive control loop around healthy subjects and stroke patients by automatically adapting the difficulty level of the virtual task in real-time such that patients were neither cognitively overloaded nor under-challenged.
Reverse transcriptase pauses at N2-methylguanine during in vitro transcription of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. (1979)

A restriction fragment strand complementary to a sequence near the 3' end of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA has been used to prime reverse transcriptase (avian myeloblastosis virus RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7). In addition to transcripts that were extended to the 5' end of the RNA, two major transcription intermediates were observed. These discrete-sized cDNA intermediates are the result of a kinetic barrier imposed by monomethylation of the amino group on guanine that participates in base-pairing. Both major transcription intermediates correspond to attenuation at the known positions of N2-methylguanine (m2G) in the rRNA sequence. The relaxation time for elongation of the cDNA through m2G is approximately 3 min. No other major kinetic pauses were observed in the 1340 bases transcribed.
Predictive models for pressure-driven fluid infusions into brain parenchyma (2011)

Direct infusions into brain parenchyma of biological therapeutics for serious brain diseases have been, and are being, considered. However, individual brains, as well as distinct cytoarchitectural regions within brains, vary in their response to fluid flow and pressure. Further, the tissue responds dynamically to these stimuli, requiring a nonlinear treatment of equations that would describe fluid flow and drug transport in brain. We here report in detail on an individual-specific model and a comparison of its prediction with simulations for living porcine brains. Two critical features we introduced into our model-absent from previous ones, but requirements for any useful simulation-are the infusion-induced interstitial expansion and the backflow. These are significant determinants of the flow. Another feature of our treatment is the use of cross-property relations to obtain individual-specific parameters that are coefficients in the equations. The quantitative results are at least encouraging, showing a high fraction of overlap between the computed and measured volumes of distribution of a tracer molecule and are potentially clinically useful. Several improvements are called for; principally a treatment of the interstitial expansion more fundamentally based on poroelasticity and a better delineation of the diffusion tensor of a particle confined to the interstitial spaces.
Differential Response of Soybean Yield Components to the Timing of Light Enrichment (2000)

Solar radiation is an important environmental factor influencing seed yield in soybean [ Glycine max (L). Merr.]. Our objective was to analyze the response of soybean seed yield components to light enrichment initiated at different growth stages. Light enrichment was imposed on the indeterminate soybean cultivars Altona and Evans by installing wire mesh fencing on either side of the center row to push the adjacent rows aside at different growth stages. Fences prevented plants in the neighboring rows from encroaching on the growing space of the center row plants. Pod number per plant and to a lesser extent seed size accounted for variation in seed yield. Light enrichment initiated at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased seed yield 144 to 252%, mainly by increasing pod number, while light enrichment beginning at early pod formation increased seed size 8 to 23%, resulting in a 32 to 115% increase in seed yield. Responses to light enrichment occurred proportionately across all node positions despite the differences in the time (15–20 d) of development of yield components at the different node positions. Although maximum seed size may be under genetic control in soybean plants, our results suggested seed size can still be modified by the environment with some internal control moderating the final size of most seeds in all pods. It indicates that plants are able to redistribute the available resources to components not yet determined, in an attempt to maintain or improve yield.
Higher Order Mode Suppression in high-Q Anomalous Dispersion SiN Microresonators for Temporal Dissipative Kerr Soliton Formation (2016)

Frequency comb generation based on dissipative Kerr solitons (DKS) in microresonators is important for many applications. We show higher order mode suppression in silicon nitride microresonators, that reduces avoided modal crossing to enable DKS generation.
New Therapeutic Modalities for Cancer (1991)

A review is given on new biological approaches to cancer therapy based on knowledge concerning interferons, interleukins. LAK-cells, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumour necrosis factor, colony-stimulating factors, monoclonal antibodies and oncogenes. There are many potential permutations for the application of biological therapy for cancer. One of the most important developments has been the increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of malignancy through which biological manipulation can be tailored to an individual tumour. Although current clinical studies are not demonstrating high response rates they may well be analogous to the advances seen with chemotherapy in its early days. As yet only relatively small numbers of patients have had access to, or been suitable for, treatment. With further refinements in production, administration, and an increase in the specificity of treatment, the possibility of curing metastatic solid tumours may become a reality.
Pharmacokinetics of SNI-2011. (2): Absorption, Excretion and Metabolism of 14C-SNI-2011 in Dogs. (2001)

The absorption, excretion and metabolism of SNI-2011, a novel muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist developed as an agent improving the symptoms of dry mouth or dry eye caused by Sjögren's syndrome, were studied in dogs. 1. After a single oral administration of 14C-SNI-2011 to male dogs, blood and plasma level of radioactivity reached the maximum at approximately 1 hour, and declined by the bi-exponential manner. Blood and plasma half-lives of radioactivity in α phase were similar, however, blood half-life in β phase was longer than that observed in plasma. The distribution of radioactivity in blood cell was 27-54% up to 8 hours, and then increased with time reaching the values of more than 80% at 24 hours. 2. Cumulative excretion rates of radioactivity in urine and feces were approximately 95% and 0.7%, respectively, within 168 hours after administration, indicating that the main elimination route is the urinary tract. 3. Plasma concentrations of SNI-2011 N-oxide (SNI-NO) were 32 and 23 times higher in male and female dogs, respectively, than those of unchanged form. Main metabolite found in dog's urine was also SNI-NO. 4. There was no sex-related difference in blood and plasma concentration, excretion and metabolism of SNI-2011 in dogs after a single oral administration.
External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work (2019)

Interaction between drivers and pedestrians is often facilitated by informal communicative cues, like hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. In the near future, however, when semi- and fully autonomous vehicles are introduced into the traffic system, drivers will gradually assume the role of mere passengers, who are casually engaged in non-driving-related activities and, therefore, unavailable to participate in traffic interaction. In this novel traffic environment, advanced communication interfaces will need to be developed that inform pedestrians of the current state and future behavior of an autonomous vehicle, in order to maximize safety and efficiency for all road users. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive account of empirical work in the field of external human-machine interfaces for autonomous vehicle-to-pedestrian communication. In the great majority of covered studies, participants clearly benefited from the presence of a communication interface when interacting with an autonomous vehicle. Nevertheless, standardized interface evaluation procedures and optimal interface specifications are still lacking.
Statistical analysis for random bits generation on quantum key distribution (2014)

Recently, Quantum cryptography researchers utilize the quantum keys, in order to provide a more trusted environment for both key distribution and management processes. The quantum keys are generated based on quantum mechanics phenomena. However, all events for the quantum key generation rely on exchanging photons between parties over limited distances. So, in this paper, random tests algorithms, such as NIST and DIEHARD, are implemented to test and evaluate the randomness rates for quantum keys generation. After then, the initialized vector, which is the seed of the symmetric encryption algorithms, is established based on specific analysis to be a key for the algorithms. The paper utilizes the (BB84) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on two different innovated modes, the raw and privacy modes.
Cysteine proteinase activities in the fish pathogen<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i>(Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) (2004)

This study investigated protease activities in a crude extract and in vitro excretion/secretion (E/S) products of Philasterides dicentrarchi, a ciliate fish parasite causing economically significant losses in aquaculture. Gelatin/SDS-PAGE analysis (pH 4, reducing conditions) detected 7 bands with gelatinolytic activity (approximate molecular weights 30-63 kDa) in the crude extract. The banding pattern observed in analysis of E/S products was practically identical, except for 1 low-molecular-weight band detected in the crude extract but not in the E/S products. In assays with synthetic peptide p-nitroanilide substrates, the crude extract hydrolysed substrates characteristic of cysteine proteases, namely Z-Arg-Arg pNA, Bz-Phe-Val-Arg pNA and Z-Phe-Arg pNA. These activities were strongly inhibited by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 and by Ac-Leu-Val-Lys aldehyde, a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases of the cathepsin B protease subfamily. The proteases present in the crude extract degraded both type-I collagen and haemoglobin in vitro, consistent with roles in tissue invasion and nutrition respectively. Again, E-64 completely (collagen) or markedly (haemoglobin) inhibited this degradation. Finally, the histolytic activity of the ciliate in turbot fibroblast monolayers was strongly reduced in the presence of E-64, confirming the importance of secreted cysteine proteinases in the biology of Philasterides dicentrarchi.
Mycoplasma hyorhinisinfection in gastric carcinoma and its effects on the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells (2010)

The infection of mycoplasma hyorhinis may contribute to the development of gastric cancer and Mycoplasma hyorhinis-induced malignant phenotypes were possibly mediated by p37.
Elemental Sulphur Induced Formation Damage Management in Gas Reservoir (2012)

Abstract Sulphur compounds are considered as the most hazardous non-hydrocarbons in reservoir fluids, because of their corrosive nature, deleterious effects of petroleum products and tendency to plug porous medium which may impair formation productivity. Precipitation and deposition of elemental sulphur within reservoirs, near well bore region may significantly reduce the inflow performance of sour-gas wells and thus affect economic feasibility negatively. Studies have sought that almost all deep sour reservoirs precipitate elemental sulphur either occurring as a result of decomposition of H2S to give elemental sulphur or occurring as indigenous usually referred to as native sulphur as a dissolved species. Uncontrollable elemental sulphur induced formation damage has been one of the profit hurting syndromes that occurs in deep water sour gas reservoir. Meanwhile many correlations have been formulated thermodynamically to predict the occurrences of elemental sulphur but little information related to effect of its saturation on gas production and its corresponding formation damage. This paper presents an improved model for predicting elemental sulphur saturation and corresponding formation damage around the well bore. Results show that the minimum pore spaces blockage time was over-estimated by previous formulation.
Formulation and evaluation of once a day transdermal gels ofdiclofenac diethylamine (2006)

The present study was undertaken to prepare and evaluate transdermal gels of diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA) containing penetration enhancers such as olesan oil and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Transdermal gels were prepared using different polymers such as carbopol-940, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose-K(4) M, hydroxy propyl cellulose-M, and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. The formulated gels were subjected to physicochemical studies, in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeations studies and were evaluated for drug content, viscosity, extrudability, spreadability, and pH. The in vitro release studies of prepared gels were performed using specially designed Fites cell and in vitro skin permeation studies were performed using keshary-chien diffusion cell through rat skin. Selected formulations were evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The carbopol-940 and PVA gels containing 10% DMSO showed best in vitro skin permeation of DDEA. In vivo study for the selected formulation showed a sustained reduction in inflammation in the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. The efficacies of carbopol-940 and PVA gels were also compared with that of the marketed Voveran gel,(R) and it was found that carbopol and PVA gels produced better results than the Voveran gel. (c) 2006 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
IRNS: a system for telerobotic surgical mentoring (2002)

The Integrated Remote Neurosurgical System (IRNS) is a robotic neurosurgical microscope remotely-operated through the utilization of high-speed communications and a surgeon-accessible computer interface. The intended use of this system is for surgical mentoring of a operating-room (OR) surgical team by a remote expert surgeon. In the design of the IRNS, we emphasized trying to give the remote surgeon the feeling of actually being in the OR-a sense of telepresence. This is accomplished through the use of bidirectional audio, video white-boarding on the microscope view, site cameras, voice recognition, bilateral access to the patient's images and an interface to our presurgical planning software. The IRNS also includes several methods to control the remote microscope and its functions, including rotation, translation, focus and zoom. Several safety precautions are implemented including the condition that any remote manipulation of the microscope is possible only when the local operator actively permits it by holding down a "dead-man" switch. The remote and local OR sites are integrated using an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switched network link.
Pitavastatin alters the expression of thrombotic and fibrinolytic proteins in human vascular cells (2003)

In addition to lowering blood lipids, clinical benefits of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A; EC 1.1.1.34) reductase inhibitors may derive from altered vascular function favoring fibrinolysis over thrombosis. We examined effects of pitavastatin (NK-104), a relatively novel and long acting statin, on expression of tissue factor (TF) in human monocytes (U-937), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In monocytes, pitavastatin reduced expression of TF protein induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). Similarly, pitavastatin also reduced expression of TF mRNA induced by LPS. Pitavastatin reduced PAI-1 antigen released from HUVEC under basal, OxLDL-, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated conditions. Reductions of PAI-1 mRNA expression correlated with decreased PAI-1 antigen secretion and PAI-1 activity as assessed by fibrin-agarose zymography. In addition, pitavastatin decreased PAI-1 antigen released from OxLDL-treated and untreated SMC. Conversely, pitavastatin enhanced t-PA mRNA expression and t-PA antigen secretion in untreated OxLDL-, and TNF-alpha-treated HUVEC and untreated SMC. Finally, pitavastatin increased t-PA activity as assessed by fibrin-agarose zymography. Our findings demonstrate that pitavastatin may alter arterial homeostasis favoring fibrinolysis over thrombosis, thereby reducing risk for thrombi at sites of unstable plaques.