gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arthroplasty of the Knee (1961)

Autogenous and homogenous transplants of articular cartilage and cancellous bone were performed on the knees of dogs. If the transplants did not exceed five millimeters in thickness and if they were subjected to physiological function, the transplanted articular cartilage, both autogenous and homogenous, was still viable 772 days after transplantation, as shown by gross and microscopic examination. The cancellous bone in both types of transplant did not survive, but was subsequently gradually resorbed and replaced in a physiological manner by new appositional bone surrounding the transplanted bone without evidence of foreign-body reaction. In the cases examined it was clear that the host accepted the non-living bone trabeculae as a template surrounding the trabeculae with a layer of living bone, thus ensuring acceptance of the transplanted bone. The transplanted marrow died and was replaced first, by granulation tissue, and then, by marrow cells from the host. Autogenous transplants of similar grafts to muscle and homogenous transplants to the knee with the graft countersunk below the joint surface were absorbed, thus indicating the importance of function in the survival of transplanted tissue. Similar transplants in human beings have shown rather encouraging results but too few cases have been followed long enough to justify reporting these now. It is concluded that the thickness of the transplant is critical and that unless the implant is subjected to the stimuli of normal physiological function it will not survive.
High quantum efficiency monolithic arrays of surface-emitting AlGaAs diode lasers with dry-etched vertical facets and parabolic deflecting mirrors (1992)

Monolithic arrays of surface-emitting AlGaAs diode lasers with dry-etched vertical facets and external parabolic deflecting mirrors have been operated with both short and quasi-cw current pulses. The arrays emit at 804 nm with threshold current densities as low as 220 A/cm2 and differential quantum efficiencies as high as 66%. The vertical facets and parabolic deflecting mirrors were formed by using chlorine ion-beam-assisted etching with standard photolithography.
Evolution of distinct DNA-binding specificities within the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. (1994)

Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that interact with response elements within regulated genes. Most receptors, typified by the estrogen receptor, have three amino acids within the DNA-binding domain that specify recognition of the sequence TGACCT within the response element. However, in the glucocorticoid group of receptors, these residues have evolved to recognize the sequence TGTTCT. Saturation mutagenesis was used to investigate the role played by two of these residues (Gly-439 and Ser-440 of the human glucocorticoid receptor) in receptor specificity. We conclude that these residues, and their equivalents in the estrogen receptor, play roles unique to the respective amino acids. In the glucocorticoid receptor the side chain hydroxyl group is the important component of Ser-440 that contributes to specificity by inhibiting interaction with estrogen response elements. Several substitution mutants at position 439 interact well with estrogen response elements; therefore, the unique specificity feature of Glu-439, which mimics the estrogen receptor, is its inhibition of interaction with noncognate sites. In contrast to position 440, where most substitutions prevent interaction with DNA, replacements of residue 439 have the potential to contribute to the evolution of DNA-binding specificities within the nuclear receptor family. The liver-enriched HNF-4 and Drosophila Tailless transcription factors are known examples of receptors that have diverged at this position.
Resolution of a Signal Transfer Region from a General Binding Domain in Gβ for Stimulation of Phospholipase C-β2 (1999)

Signaling by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) involves sequential protein-protein interactions. G protein-betagamma subunit (Gbetagamma) interactions with phospholipase C-beta2 (PLC-beta2) were studied to determine if all Gbeta contacts are required for signaling. A peptide encoding Gbeta amino acid residues 86 to 105 stimulated PLC-beta2. Six residues (96 to 101) within this sequence could transfer signals and thus constitute a core signal transfer region. Another peptide, encoding Gbeta amino acid residues 115 to 135, did not substantially stimulate PLC-beta2 by itself but inhibited Gbetagamma stimulation, indicating that residues 115 to 135 constitute a general binding domain. Resolution of signal transfer regions from general binding domains indicates that all protein-protein contacts are not required for signal transfer and that it may be feasible to synthesize agonists and antagonists that regulate intracellular signal flow.
Antimicrobial and autolytic systems of dairy propionibacteria (1999)

As in lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacteria produce a variety of antimicrobial agents like organic acids, diacetyl, bacteri.oc.ins,Iow-molecular weight substances and other metabolites.Since food safety is still a common problem, the study of inhibitory substancesis important and their potential to act in biological preservation is a valuable tool.Within this framework,antifungal substances are of special interest since growth of yeasts andmoulds severely shortens shelf-life of food.e.g.dairy products.In this thesis, preliminary studies of the composition of contaminating fungi in yoghurt were performed to get an idea of their origin and to find tools to inhibit their growth.A variety of yeasts and moulds were isolated ancl identified from different yoghurt samples containing untreated fresh berries.Thus, the species Candida parapsilosis, Candida magnoliae, Candida pulcherrima, Candida krusei and Candida lusitaniae appeared in marked predominance.In addition, several moulds were detected all belonging to the genus Penicillium.In orderto find proteetive Propionibacteria, 102 strains were screened for fungicidal and bactericidal activities.Among these, eleven strains were found to exhibit a significant Inhibition of several indicator organisms.nine of them were especially active against
The Olfactory Guidance of Flying Insects (1958)

The use of olfactory repellents, especially against biting insects, is an important protective measure. It is also a matter of common knowledge that certain insects are able to locate their mates or their prey largely through the agency of attractive scents. Concerning these latter, Dethier remarks that, “we recognize the fact that no one attractant alone performs the service of guiding an organism to its proper habitat, or mate, or food. The desired end is achieved by a complex array of stimuli working in harmony. In chemical attractants, however, one finds precision guidance. The action of others, as light, temperature, humidity, is comparatively gross, approximating as it does usually, a vicinity. The extreme value of chemical attractants to an organism lies in the specificity and accuracy of operation.” (1).
Coordinating Multiple Sources for Service Restoration to Enhance Resilience of Distribution Systems (2019)

When a major outage occurs on a distribution system due to extreme events, microgrids, distributed generators, and other local resources can be used to restore critical loads and enhance resiliency. This paper proposes a decision-making method to determine the optimal restoration strategy coordinating multiple sources to serve critical loads after blackouts. The critical load restoration problem is solved by a two-stage method with the first stage deciding the post-restoration topology and the second stage determining the set of loads to be restored and the outputs of sources. In the second stage, the problem is formulated as a mixed-integer semidefinite program (SDP). The objective is maximizing the number of loads restored, weighted by their priority. The unbalanced three-phase power flow constraint and other operational constraints are considered. An iterative algorithm is proposed to deal with integer variables and can attain the global optimum of the critical load restoration problem by solving a few SDPs in most cases. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerical simulation with the modified IEEE 13-node test feeder and the modified IEEE 123-node test feeder under plenty of scenarios. The results indicate that the optimal restoration strategy can be determined efficiently in most scenarios.
Reduced substratum adhesion and decreased expressions of 1 and 4 integrins in human breast cancer cells with a property of anchorage-independent growth. (1999)

The proliferation of normal human breast epithelial (HBE) cells was found to be dependent on their attachment on a solid culture substratum, whereas human breast cancer MCF-7 cells could grow in soft agar. The attachment of the dissociated single HBE cells to the substratum was complete within 4 h after replating, and most of the cells once attached were detached from the substratum by incubation with trypsin for 30 min. In contrast, the attachment of MCF-7 cells to the substratum proceeded more rapidly compared to that of HBE cells, and more than 90% of the MCF-7 cells once attached were detached within a 10-min incubation with trypsin. The attachment of HBE cells to the substratum was significantly inhibited by a function-blocking antibody to beta1 or beta4 integrin, whereas MCF-7 cells were not prevented from attaching by the anti-integrin beta1 antibody as far as examined but were by the anti-integrin beta4 antibody at the highest concentration tested. The absolute amounts of beta1 integrin in HBE and MCF-7 cells were comparable to each other, while the cell surface level of beta1 in the MCF-7 cells was only 10% of that in the HBE cells. Both the total and cell surface levels of beta4 integrin expression in the MCF-7 cells were 30-40% of those in the HBE cells. The results suggest that anchorage-dependent HBE cells attach to the culture substratum via both beta1 and beta4 integrins, thereby generating a strong adhesiveness to the substratum. In contrast, anchorage-independent MCF-7 cells had reduced adhesiveness to the substratum, and this property is suggested to be due to decreased levels of cell surface beta1 integrin and total beta4 integrin expressed compared to their levels in normal counterparts.
Object-Centric Photometric Bundle Adjustment with Deep Shape Prior (2017)

Reconstructing 3D shapes from a sequence of images has long been a problem of interest in computer vision. Classical Structure from Motion (SfM) methods have attempted to solve this problem through projected point displacement \& bundle adjustment. More recently, deep methods have attempted to solve this problem by directly learning a relationship between geometry and appearance. There is, however, a significant gap between these two strategies. SfM tackles the problem from purely a geometric perspective, taking no account of the object shape prior. Modern deep methods more often throw away geometric constraints altogether, rendering the results unreliable. In this paper we make an effort to bring these two seemingly disparate strategies together. We introduce learned shape prior in the form of deep shape generators into Photometric Bundle Adjustment (PBA) and propose to accommodate full 3D shape generated by the shape prior within the optimization-based inference framework, demonstrating impressive results.
Guidance for prospective acupuncture treatment on cancer-related fatigue (CRF). (2013)

Fatigue is the most common symptom experienced by patients with cancer which is also one of the most common adverse effects that occur during and after cancer treatment. It has been defined as, “a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatments that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functions.” (1).
Rational design of split gene vectors to expand the packaging capacity of adeno-associated viral vectors (2007)

Adeno associated viruses (AAV) have recently been demonstrated as a very promising gene delivery vehicle. But the limited packaging capacity of AAV vectors (~4.7kb) hinders their application for diseases involving large genes such as those responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis. To overcome this hurdle, the trans-splicing and overlapping dual vector methods were developed recently to expand the packaging capacity of AAV. These methods involve the simultaneous delivery of two AAV vectors carrying different segments of a larger gene which would reconstitute the complete gene within the cell. It has been demonstrated that certain expression limiting barriers affect transduction from these dual vectors. The trans-splicing method requires an optimal gene splitting site and the overlapping method requires a highly recombinogenic domain in the middle of the gene for high levels of transduction.
Human immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass regulation: Dual action of interleukin‐4 (1993)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was used as a polyclonal human B cell mitogen to investigate the regulation of immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass responses by interleukin-4 (IL-4). Activation of tonsillar B cells with EBV resulted in an early peak of polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion between days 13 and 14 consisting of IgM, IgA, and IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, but not IgE. Addition of IL-4 to EBV-activated B cells at concentrations of 100 U/ml or greater induced the production of IgE and enhanced IgG4 secretion, but had no effect, or more often inhibited the other isotypes. In contrast, low concentrations of IL-4 (1-5 U/ml) significantly increased the production of IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, but had no effect on IgG4 or IgE. The increase in immunoglobulin secretion obtained with low concentrations of IL-4 was found to occur only with high-density (resting) B cells, suggesting that IL-4 was not functioning simply as a late-acting differentiation factor. Low concentrations of IL-4 significantly increased IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgA production by surface (s) IgM+ (sIgG-/sIgA-) B cells which is consistent with heavy chain switching. In some experiments, however, IL-4 enhanced IgM secretion by sIgM+ B cells, and IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 by sIgM- B cells, suggesting that it may have an additional B cell differentiation factor activity which was not isotype specific. The different effect of IL-4 at high and low concentrations were similar to those observed in B cell activation experiments, and may be due to the existence of high- and low-affinity IL-4 receptors.
Inhibition of Intestinal Chloride Secretion by Proanthocyanidins from<i>Guazuma ulmifolia</i> (1995)

The antisecretory activity of Guazuma ulmifolia bark was examined in rabbit distal colon mounted in an Ussing chamber. Chloride secretion was stimulated by cholera toxin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Guazuma ulmifolia extract (GUE) completely inhibited cholera toxin-induced secretion if the extract was added to the mucosal bath prior to the toxin. Adding the extract after administration of the toxin had no effect on secretion. GUE did not inhibit PGE2-induced chloride secretion. These results indicate an indirect antisecretory mechanism. SDS-PAGE analysis of cholera toxin treated with GUE confirmed this presumption. GUE specifically interacted with the A subunit of the toxin. Preliminary phytochemical examinations showed that the most active fraction contains procyanidins with a degree of polymerisation higher than 8.
PEHPS medium: an alternative for axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens (1988)

Knowledge of Entamoeba histolytica biology in the last 17 years has been acquired largely as a consequence of this parasite's axenic cultivation in TPS-1 or TYI-S-33 media. Unfortunately, there are often low yields in these media, due to variability of their main components, Panmede and yeast extract. We describe a medium, PEHPS, of which the main components are extracts of ox liver, and ox and swine pancreas (EHP). 5 strains of E. histolytica and 2 of E. invadens were quickly and easily adapted to PEHPS and serially cultivated for 3 years. Yields progressively rose initially, and then became stable. Depending on the strain, average yields in the last 6 months of this study were 1.3 to 3.1 x 10(5) amoebae/ml for E. histolytica and 5.5 to 5.7 x 10(5) for E. invadens. All the 18 EHP batches tested supported vigorous amoebal growth. PEHPS had 2 additional advantages: (a) it was stable at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C for 9 months, and at -10 degrees C for at least 2 years, and (b) it supported amoebal growth with inocula as low as one trophozoite/ml. PEHPS avoids the variability shown by TPS-1 and TYI-S-33, and could therefore be a good alternative for axenic amoebal cultivation.
High Rates of Survival and Fertilization of Mouse and Hamster Oocytes after Vitrification in Dimethylsulphoxide1 (1993)

A high proportion (> 70%) of mouse and hamster oocytes exposed for 3–5 min to 1.5 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and washed briefly in 3.9 M DMSO before vitrification in 6.0 M DMSO appeared morphologically normal on recovery. Significantly fewer (< 46%) mouse oocytes appeared normal when the time of exposure to 1.5 M DMSO was reduced to 1 min or less. The rate of fertilization in vitro of vitrified oocytes was reduced compared to the rate for untreated controls (mouse: 79% vs. 94%; hamster: 73% vs. 87%). After removal of the zona pellucida, fertilization was similar in vitrified and control hamster oocytes inseminated with hamster (> 90%) or human (21% vs. 23%) sperm. Sperm nuclear decondensation and pronuclear formation appeared to be delayed in the cytoplasm of vitrified hamster oocytes. Seventy-nine percent of 2-cell-stage mouse embryos derived from vitrified oocytes implanted after transfer to pseudopregnant recipients, but only 40% developed to normal fetuses compared to 61% of controls. The reason for this high rate of postimplantation loss is unknown.
Etching of 6H‐SiC and 4H‐SiC using  NF 3 in a Reactive Ion Etching System (1996)

The use of pure source gas in reactive ion etching of bulk and epitaxy. Si‐face, 6H‐SIC, and 4H‐SIC is reported. The effects of RF power and chamber pressure on etch rate and surface morphology are discussed. A process developed for a smooth, residue‐free etch, with a relatively high etch rate of ∼1500 Å/min is examined using scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy surface analysis. The process developed had a self‐induced dc bias ranging from 25 to 50 V, a forward RF power of 275 W (1.7 W/cm2), chamber pressure of 225 mT, and a flow rate between 95 and 110 sccm. No chemical residue or aluminum micromasking was observed on any of the samples etched with the above process.
The organization and complete nucleotide sequence of the PstI restriction-modification system. (1984)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 4.0-kilobase DNA fragment containing the genes of the PstI restriction-modification system. Two large open reading frames were identified within the sequence and were ascribed to the restriction enzyme and methylase by the analysis of a series of deletion mutants. The two genes are encoded on opposite DNA strands, and hence must be transcribed from separate promoters rather than as a polycistronic message. The sequence of the first 10 amino acids of the restriction endonuclease was determined by sequential Edman degradation of the purified protein, permitting the alignment of the polypeptide with the DNA sequence. The NH2 terminus of the modification enzyme was established by sequential Edman degradation of the protein synthesized in bacterial minicells with different radiolabeled amino acids. The initiation codons of the two genes are separated by 130 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequences indicate that the restriction endonuclease contains 326 amino acids with a calculated Mr = 37,370; the modification enzyme is composed of 507 amino acids with a calculated Mr = 56,830. There is no significant homology between the two proteins at the level of the primary structure. Antibody raised against the purified restriction endonuclease did not immunoprecipitate the modification enzyme. The transcription initiation sites were mapped using mung bean nuclease. Both of the transcripts begin with adenosine. The initiation sites are separated by only 70 base pairs. This close proximity suggests that the promoters for the two divergent genes overlap. DNase I protection experiments show that Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the methylase promoter than for the restriction enzyme promoter.
Design of passive sonar buoy simulator based on measured data (2017)

Passive sonar buoy simulator can provide supports for the development and acceptance of sonar buoy signal receipt-equipment. In the paper, the generating mechanism of underwater acoustic target radiated noise is analyzed. Then spectrum analysis methods are studied and the analysis of measured underwater acoustic target radiated noises is carried out. Afterward the passive sonar buoy simulator is presented by designing the software as well as the hardware. Finally, the simulator is tested and the consequences illustrate that the spectrum of buoy signals produced by the simulator agrees well with the measured ones.
Heat shock transcriptional factors in Malus domestica: identification, classification and expression analysis (2012)

The apple genome comprises 25 full length Hsf genes. The data obtained from this investigation contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of the Hsf gene family in apple, and provide the basis for further studies to dissect Hsf function during development as well as in response to environmental stimuli.
Recovery and other effects of annihilation of high current density filaments after switching in chalcogenide alloys. (2008)

Results of detailed experimental study of recovery times of threshold voltage, low field resistance, threshold current and maximum delay are reported with different film thickness. It was shown that the shortest recovery time has low field resistance. Threshold voltage and current recovery proceed slower. The threshold current recovery curve for OTS alloy demonstrates minima and saturates synchronously with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . Using multi-pulse technique for independent variation of OFF-state voltage, ON-state current and delay time, it was found that these factors addressed different parameters of the device recovery process. The data prove that only processes during the delay time of switching can affect recovery of threshold voltage and current of switching. Observed behavior could be explained with a model of inhomogeneous media with localized in a channel negative differential conductivity of S-type (S-NDC).