gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Custom-engineered chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine elicits protective immune responses in pigs (2010)

Chimeric foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) of which the antigenic properties can be readily manipulated is a potentially powerful approach in the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in sub-Saharan Africa. FMD vaccine application is complicated by the extensive variability of the South African Territories (SAT) type viruses, which exist as distinct genetic and antigenic variants in different geographical regions. A cross-serotype chimeric virus, vKNP/SAT2, was engineered by replacing the external capsid-encoding region (1B-1D/2A) of an infectious cDNA clone of the SAT2 vaccine strain, ZIM/7/83, with that of SAT1 virus KNP/196/91. The vKNP/SAT2 virus exhibited comparable infection kinetics, virion stability and antigenic profiles to the KNP/196/91 parental virus, thus indicating that the functions provided by the capsid can be readily exchanged between serotypes. As these qualities are necessary for vaccine manufacturing, high titres of stable chimeric virus were obtained. Chemically inactivated vaccines, formulated as double-oil-in-water emulsions, were produced from intact 146S virion particles of both the chimeric and parental viruses. Inoculation of guinea pigs with the respective vaccines induced similar antibody responses. In order to show compliance with commercial vaccine requirements, the vaccines were evaluated in a full potency test. Pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine produced neutralizing antibodies and showed protection against homologous FMDV challenge, albeit not to the same extent as for the vaccine prepared from the parental virus. These results provide support that chimeric vaccines containing the external capsid of field isolates can be successfully produced and that they induce protective immune responses in FMD host species.
Model predictive control based selective harmonic mitigation technique for multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters (2011)

The selective harmonic elimination (SHE) strategy is specially well suited for high-power applications where the power losses must be kept below strict limits. The SHE technique is based on offline calculations and the generation of a pre-programmed voltage waveforms eliminating some low order harmonics. An evolution of SHE is the selective harmonic mitigation (SHM) technique which is based on pre-programmed waveforms non eliminating the low order harmonics but reducing the distortion below the limits imposed by a grid code. However, the main drawback of these pre-programmed SHE and SHM techniques is a low dynamic performance. In a recent paper, an online SHE technique based on the model predictive control (MPC) has been presented improving the dynamic performance of the conventional SHE method. In this paper, the online version of the SHM technique is introduced. It is based also in the MPC strategy and has been tested in a cascaded multilevel converter obtaining a high performance with very low switching frequency.
Design and Optimization of Morphing Mechanisms for Highly Flexible Micro Air Vehicles (2006)

A class of micro air vehicles (MAVs) developed and tested at the University of Florida use a flexible membrane wing as an effective means of gust rejection. Such a wing is not amenable to conventional aileron mechanisms for roll control due to a lack of internal wing structure. Therefore, morphing (in the form of asymmetric wing twisting) is implemented through the use of a torque rod structure. A static aeroelastic model of the MAV with this morphing mechanism is developed in order to optimize the torque rod structure. Objective functions include the steady state roll rate, as well as the lift to drag ratio incurred during such a maneuver. Through the use of a standard genetic algorithm, an optimized torque rod design is obtained, presenting significant improvements in both objectives.
Advanced Flow Visualization Technologies and Blue Ocean Strategy (2006)

Recently, the next-generation advanced flow visualization techniques such as holographic PIV, aynni.c PIV, echo-PIV, micro/nano-PIV, and X-ray PIV have been introduced. These advanced mea-surement techniques have a big potential as the core technology for analyzing outmost thermo-fluid flows in future. They would be indispensable in solving complicated thermo-fluid flow problems not only in industrial fields such as automotive, space, electronics, aero- and hydro-dynamics. steel, and information engineering, but also in the research fields of medical science, bio-medical engineering, environmental and energy technology etc. Especially, NT (Nano Technology) and BT (Bio Technology) strongly demand these advanced measurement techniques, because it is impossible for conventional measurement methods to observe the nano- and bio-fluidic flow phenomena. In this article, the basic principle of these high-tech flow visualization techniques and their practical applications which cannot be resolved by conventional methods, such as blood flows in a micro-tube, in vivo analysis of micro-circulation, and flow around a living body are introduced as a blue ocean strategy.
Classic Annulenes, Nonclassical Applications (2002)

This Account details the application of [n]annulenes as functional building blocks for electromechanical actuators, double-helical ladder polymers, and protecting groups for supramolecular interactions. Specifically, redox-induced conformational changes occurring in [8]annulenes are utilized as the transducing element in polymeric electromechanical actuators. Conversely, rigid [8]annulenes are utilized as double-helical fragments for the synthesis of double-helical octaaryl macromolecules. Last, Dewar benzenes are prepared from [4 + 2] cycloadditions (where the 4pi component is a [4]annulene). The potential of using Dewar benzenes as protecting groups for [6]annulne-[6]annulene supramolecular interactions is exemplified by demonstration of photolithographic crystallization (amorphous [4]annulene --> crystalline [6]annulene) on a surface, followed by subsequent X-ray analysis of the resulting [6]annulene crystals.
Optimal Permanent-Magnet Geometries for Dipole Field Approximation (2012)

The dipole approximation for magnetic fields has become a common simplifying assumption in magnetic-manipulation research when dealing with permanent magnets because the approximation provides convenient analytical properties that are a good fit at large distances. What is meant by “good fit at large distances” is generally not quantified in the literature. By using a parameterized multipole expansion and collaborating finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations to represent the magnet's field, we quantify the error associated with the dipole approximation as a function of distance from the permanent magnet. Using this expression, we find cylindrical, washer, and rectangular-cross-section bar permanent-magnet aspect ratios that minimize the error of the dipole approximation. For cylinders and rectangular-cross-section bars, these aspect ratios are a diameter-to-length ratio of √{4/3} and a cube, respectively.
Effects of Hypoxia on the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Gingiva–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2014)

The environment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hypoxic, which plays an important role in maintaining their self-renewal potential and undifferentiated state. MSCs have been proven to possess immunomodulatory properties and have been used clinically to treat autoimmune diseases. Here, we tested the effects of hypoxia on the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and examined its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that hypoxic stimulation promoted the immunomodulatory properties of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) by enhancing the suppressive effects of hGMSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The proliferation of PBMCs was significantly inhibited, while the apoptosis of PBMCs was increased, which was associated with the Fas ligand (FasL) expression of hGMSCs. The in vivo study showed that systemically infused hGMSCs could enhance skin wound repair, and 24-h hypoxic stimulation significantly promoted the reparative capacity of hGMSCs. For mechanism, hGMSC treatment inhibited the local inflammation of injured skin by suppressing the inflammatory cells, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), which was promoted by hypoxia. Hypoxia preconditioning may be a good optimizing method to promote the potential of MSCs for the future cell-based therapy.
Text-independent speaker recognition from a large linguistically unconstrained time-spaced data base (1979)

A very large data base consisting of over 36 h of unconstrained extemporaneous speech, from 17 speakers, recorded over a period of more than three months, has been analyzed to determine the effectiveness of long-term average features for speaker recognition. Results are shown to be strongly dependent on the voiced speech averaging interval L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ε</inf> . Monotonic increases in the probability of correct identification and monotonic decreases in the equal error probability for speaker verification were obtained as L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ε</inf> increased, even with substantial time periods between successive sessions. For L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ε</inf> corresponding to approximately 39 s of speech, text-independent results (no linguistic constraints embedded into the data base) of 98.05 percent for speaker identification and 4.25 percent for equal error speaker verification were obtained.
An investigation for potential development on biosurfactants (2009)

Biosurfactants are surface-active metabolites produced by microorganisms. The applications of these biological compounds in the field of enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation proved effective. Besides their environmental applications; biosurfactants have shown interesting properties in several processes. Thus, this article attempts to organize this Information for ease of reference and further stimulates those that have interests in the area to explore further especially in biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds.

	 

	Key words: Biosurfactant, bioremediation, biodegradation.
ESI-IMS–MS: A method for rapid analysis of protein aggregation and its inhibition by small molecules (2015)

Electrospray ionisation-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS) is a powerful method for the study of conformational changes in protein complexes, including oligomeric species populated during protein self-aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Information on the mass, stability, cross-sectional area and ligand binding capability of each transiently populated intermediate, present in the heterogeneous mixture of assembling species, can be determined individually in a single experiment in real-time. Determining the structural characterisation of oligomeric species and alterations in self-assembly pathways observed in the presence of small molecule inhibitors is of great importance, given the urgent demand for effective therapeutics. Recent studies have demonstrated the capability of ESI-IMS-MS to identify small molecule modulators of amyloid assembly and to determine the mechanism by which they interact (positive, negative, non-specific binding, or colloidal) in a high-throughput format. Here, we demonstrate these advances using self-assembly of Aβ40 as an example, and reveal two new inhibitors of Aβ40 fibrillation.
An Amplitude Modulated Laser System For Distance And Displacement Measurement (1986)

A laser distance and displacement measurement system is being developed to monitor small displacements in large space structures for strain analysis and structural control. The laser is amplitude modulated at a variable frequency by a voltage controlled oscillator which also serves as a reference oscillator in a mixer. The reflected laser beam is focused on a detector and the detected signal is mixed with the reference. The dc error voltage from the mixer is maintained at null by shifting the modulating frequency. Small displacements are indicated by a change in modulation frequency which is adjusted to maintain quadrature between the received signal and the reference signal from the voltage controlled oscillator in a phase-locked-loop. Measurement of absolute distance is accomplished by sweeping the modulation frequency from a quadrature lock point to an adjacent lock point. A breadboard system has been tested with a laser diode and a resolution of a few ppm has been demonstrated.
Picture media and emotion: Effects of a sustained affective context (1996)

Pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures were presented in a continuous series, and the effects of repetitive exposure to pictures of the same affective valence were assessed in somatic (corrugator electromyographic [EMG] activity) and visceral (heart rate and skin conductance) systems. Probe stimuli (startle or reaction time probes) were presented to index emotional and attentional concomitants of processing. Affective discrimination was maintained across time in all response systems, and sensitization was found for the corrugator EMG response. Responses to reaction time probes indexed differences in attentional allocation as a function of cognitive and affective variables in this paradigm. Taken together, the data suggest that presentation of a series of affective pictures of similar valence produces emotional reactions that are either maintained or sensitized across the temporal intervals used here but that do not habituate.
Trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor and transferrin in three hepatocytic endosomal fractions (1991)

Hepatocytes rapidly internalize epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Both EGF and its receptor are thought to be targeted for destruction in lysosomes, leading to down-regulation of the receptor, whereas transferrin, after unloading iron within the cell, is thought to recycle to the cell surface bound to its receptor. Previously, we isolated three endosomal fractions from livers of estradiol-treated rats and examined their roles in cellular trafficking of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the LDL receptor, which cycles constitutively (Belcher, J. D., Hamilton, R. L., Brady, S. E., Hornick, C. A., Jäckle, S., Schneider, W. J., and Havel, R. J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (1987) 84, 6785-6789). In the current study we have taken advantage of the distinct trafficking of the EGF receptor and transferrin to evaluate further the functions of these endosome fractions. Intravenous injection of a saturating amount of EGF into estradiol-treated rats induced internalization of a single population of EGF receptors, which rapidly accumulated in the endosome fraction of intermediate density ("compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand" (CURL)) and subsequently in the low density endosome fraction (multivesicular bodies (MVBs)). The high density endosome fraction, whose membranes contain a high concentration of recycling receptors (designated receptor-recycling compartment (RRC)), failed to accumulate EGF receptors after injection of EGF. In livers of rats not given exogenous EGF, EGF receptors were found in small but comparable concentrations in RRC, CURL, and MVB membranes, consistent with other evidence that targeting of the EGF receptor to lysosomes is mediated by ligand-induced phosphorylation. Transferrin also accumulated first in CURL and later in MVBs, but it also accumulated rapidly in the RRC fraction, consistent with the proposed function of this fraction in receptor recycling. Since transferrin is not degraded during its endocytic cycle, these observations indicate that apotransferrin and its receptor recycle from late endosomes (MVBs) located at the apical pole of hepatocytes, as well as from early endosomes near the sinusoidal pole.
Deep Clustered Convolutional Kernels (2015)

Deep neural networks have recently achieved state of the art performance thanks to new training algorithms for rapid parameter estimation and new regularization methods to reduce overfitting. However, in practice the network architecture has to be manually set by domain experts, generally by a costly trial and error procedure, which often accounts for a large portion of the final system performance. We view this as a limitation and propose a novel training algorithm that automatically optimizes network architecture, by progressively increasing model complexity and then eliminating model redundancy by selectively removing parameters at training time. For convolutional neural networks, our method relies on iterative split/merge clustering of convolutional kernels interleaved by stochastic gradient descent. We present a training algorithm and experimental results on three different vision tasks, showing improved performance compared to similarly sized hand-crafted architectures.
Rapidly and slowly replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates can be distinguished according to target-cell tropism in T-cell and monocyte cell lines. (1989)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from various patients were divided into two major groups, rapid/high and slow/low, according to their replication properties in vitro. Rapid/high isolates grow well in cell lines and induce the formation of syncytia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, slow/low isolates do not replicate in cell lines and rarely induce syncytia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To understand the differences in replicative capacity of these isolates, a panel of indicator cell lines was used. These cell lines were generated for sensitive detection of HIV-1 isolates and show characteristics of T-lymphoid or monocytoid cells. As a result of infection, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression is activated. Rapid/high viruses activate chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in T-cell and monocytoid indicator cell lines, whereas slow/low isolates activate chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression only in monocytoid cell lines. The block in infection of T-lymphoid cells by the slow/low isolates appears to occur early in the infection cycle, prior to the production of the virally encoded tat protein. HIV-1 isolates can thus be distinguished according to target-cell tropism. Monocyte-derived cells seem to be a more general target for the various HIV-1 isolates.
Introduction (1984)

This book is both an introduction to and an interpretation of Marx’s three volumes of Capital. On neither count could it be a substitute for reading Capital, but hopefully it will stimulate and help some to study it. Nevertheless, although faced by the constraints of space, I have undertaken an ambitious task and this has some important consequences.
Hyperspectral and Hypertemporal Longwave Infrared Data Characterization (2017)

The Army Research Lab conducted a persistent imaging experiment called the Spectral and Polarimetric Imagery Collection Experiment (SPICE) in 2012 and 2013 which focused on collecting and exploiting long wave infrared hyperspectral and polarimetric imagery. A part of this dataset was made for public release for research and development purposes. This thesis investigated the hyperspectral portion of this released dataset through data characterization and scene characterization of man-made and natural objects. First, the data were contrasted with MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) results and found to be comparable. Instrument noise was characterized using an in-scene black panel, and was found to be comparable with the sensor manufacturer's specication. The temporal and spatial variation of certain objects in the scene were characterized. Temporal target detection was conducted on man-made objects in the scene using three target detection algorithms: spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral matched lter (SMF) and adaptive coherence/cosine estimator (ACE). SMF produced the best results for detecting the targets when the training and testing data originated from different time periods, with a time index percentage result of 52.9%. Unsupervised and supervised classication were conducted using spectral and temporal target signatures. Temporal target signatures produced better visual classication than spectral target signature for unsupervised classication. Supervised classication yielded better results using the spectral target signatures, with a highest weighted accuracy of 99% for 7-class reference image. Four emissivity retrieval algorithms were applied on this dataset. However, the retrieved emissivities from all four methods did not represent true material emissivity and could not be used for analysis. This spectrally and temporally rich dataset enabled to conduct analysis that was not possible with other data collections. Regarding future work, applying noise-reduction techniques before applying temperature-emissivity retrieval algorithms may produce more realistic emissivity values, which could be used for target detection and material identification.
Evaluating Programs to Prevent Unintentional Trauma in Canada: Challenges and Directions (1999)

Enforcing trauma prevention measures through legislation seems to be the most effective strategy. Educational models have not been adequately evaluated because of methodologic and economic constraints. New prevention initiatives must be supported with more resources and evaluation strategies. Involvement of health care professionals in prevention is encouraged.
Enhancement of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) production by manipulating algal density of outdoor cultures of Monodus subterraneus (Eustigmatophyta) and Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteria) (1997)

The effect of algal density on cell growth and composition with special reference to the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) was investigated in semi-continuous outdoor cultures of Monodus subterraneus and Spirulina platensis. In both species, an exponential decrease in specific growth rate and a positive skewed pattern in biomass productivity were associated with an increase in density. In M. subterraneus, the highest EPA cell content (3·8% of dry weight) occurred at the optimal density of c. 4gl−1 i.e. the density that yields the highest output rate of biomass per culture volume or area. In S. platensis, high density was associated with a decrease in total fatty acid content, but the relative abundance of GLA increased. GLA content was therefore fairly stable at c. 1% of dry weight throughout the range of algal density tested. Fatty acid desaturation seemed to be associated with an increase in culture density of S. platensis, resulting in an increase in the proportion of the fatty acids 16:1 and GLA and a decrease in 16:0 and 18:2. Using a flat plate reactor with a narrow light‐path and intensive stirring which facilitated high cell concentration, we obtained maximal EPA productivity of 58·9mg1−1 day−1 in M. subterraneus and maximal GLA productivity of 26·4 mg1−1 day−1 in S. platensis. The former is the highest EPA production rate reported to date for any microalga, and the latter is the first report on GLA productivity by microalgae. The data presented herein suggest that maintaining very high, yet optimal culture densities (i.e. 4−10gl−1) in enclosed reactors represents an efficient operating mode for enhancing productivity of desired polyunsaturated fatty acids.