gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mimicking the haematopoietic niche microenvironment provides a novel strategy for expansion of haematopoietic and megakaryocyte‐progenitor cells from cord blood (2010)

Severe neutropenia and protracted thrombocytopenia remain serious clinical problems following cord blood transplantation (CBT) due to the paucity of stem and progenitor cells in the grafts. Administration of ex-vivo expanded megakaryocyte progenitor cells may facilitate platelet production. We propose a novel strategy to expand these rare cells ex-vivo, from a small portion of the cord blood (CB) unit, using fibronectin (FN), a major component of hematopoietic niches, combined with cytokines, including thrombopoietin and the hematopoietic stress-associated acetylcholinesterase readthrough peptide (ARP). Application of multiple gates and high definition flow cytometry enabled clear resolution of expanded hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (HSPC) and megakaryocyte progenitors (Mk-p) and their early subsets while eliminating positively stained non-relevant cells. FN increased viability, expansion of all CD34(+) HSPC populations and Mk-p. The combination of FN + thrombopoietin + ARP maintained and expanded very early myeloid and thrombopoietic precursors, increased the proliferation of megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage and multilineage colony-forming progenitors and supported Mk maturation as measured by ploidy and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression by quantiative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. This approach, which involves expanding HSPC and Mk precursors from a small portion of the CB unit, without sacrificing the coveted stem cells, may lead to improved cell therapy modalities to facilitate earlier myelopoiesis and platelet production post-CBT.
Throughput Maximization in Cognitive Radio Networks using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (2015)

Cognitive radio network is the promising technology of the next generation communication networks which enables the secondary users (SUs) to use the free spectrum bands which are licensed originally to the primary users (PUs) without causing interference and utilize the spectrum more efficiently. Spectrum sensing should be carried out frequently in order to transmit the data successfully through SU without causing significant interference with the PU and to achieve the maximum throughput. In this paper we propose an artificial neural network model which is known as Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm for predicting the propagation. The simulation results show that there is a significant gain in the throughput when compared with both random and HMM methods and it explains the superiority of the algorithm. Also, it is found that the L-M algorithm is faster than the other algorithms.
Subcellular Location of O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase Isoenzymes in Cell Cultures and Plant Tissues of Datura innoxia Mill (1996)

O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS; EC 4.2.99.8) catalyzes the formation of L-cysteine from O-acetylserine and inorganic sulfide. Three OASS isoenzymes that differ in molecular mass and subunit structure are present in shoot and root tissues and in cadmium-resistant and cadmium-susceptible cell cultures of Datura innoxia Mill. Different OASS forms predominate in leaves, roots, and suspension-cell cultures. To determine the subcellular location of the OASS isoenzymes, purified mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosolic fractions from protoplasts were obtained. The isoenzymes are compartmentalized in D. innoxia cells, with a different isoenzyme predominant in the chloroplast, cytosol, and mitochondria, suggesting that they serve different functions in the plant cell. The chloroplast form is most abundant in green leaves and leaf protoplasts. The cytosolic form is most abundant in roots and cell cultures. A mitochondrial form is abundant in cell cultures, but is a minor form in leaves or roots. Cadmium-tolerant cell cultures contain 1.8 times as much constitutive OASS activity as the wild-type cell line, and 2.9 times more than the cadmium-hypersensitive cell line. This may facilitate rapid production of glutathione and metal-binding phytochelatins when these cultures are exposed to cadmium.
A unified approach to the performance analysis of digital communication over generalized fading channels (1998)

Presented here is a unified approach to evaluating the error-rate performance of digital communication systems operating over a generalized fading channel. What enables the unification is the recognition of the desirable form for alternate representations of the Gaussian and Marcum Q-functions that are characteristic of error-probability expressions for coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent forms of detection. It is shown that in the largest majority of cases, these error-rate expressions can be put in the form of a single integral with finite limits and an integrand composed of elementary functions, thus readily enabling numerical evaluation.
Dielectric and Raman scattering studies of phase transitions in the (100−x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xSrTiO3 system (2010)

Temperature-driven and composition-driven phase transformations in a mixed A-site Pb-free solid solution series of (100−x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xSrTiO3 (0≤x≤40) were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, dielectric, and Raman scattering techniques over a temperature range of 20–550 °C. The phonon anomalies observed in the room temperature Raman spectra with increasing Sr concentration revealed a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) at x∼20. The distinct and discontinuous changes in dielectric properties at x∼20 confirmed the existence of MPB. On heating, the Raman spectral features for different compositions displayed substantial changes at temperatures almost identical to the critical temperatures determined by dielectric measurement, such as ferroelectric–antiferroelectric (Td), rhombohedral–tetragonal (TR-T), and antiferroelectric–paraelectric (Tm) phase transition temperature. However, the two phonon anomalies observed at higher temperatures (∼400 and 500 °C for x=10) suggested the coexistence of rhombohedral–tetragonal and tetragonal–cubic phases, respectively. The transition temperatures determined by the Raman and dielectric measurements gradually decreased as Sr concentration increased. The system showed strong relaxor behavior at x≥20 and the dielectric constant (ε) at room temperature was enhanced significantly from ∼500 (x=0) to ∼3800 (x=40) at 1 kHz.
Model systems for cytochrome P450 dependent mono-oxygenases. Part 7. Alkene epoxidation by iodosylbenzene catalysed by ionic iron(III) tetraarylporphyrins supported on ion-exchange resins (1990)

Ionic iron(III) tetraarylporphyrins are readily adsorbed onto cross-linked polystyrene ion-exchange resins. These supported metalloporphyrins can act as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds by iodosylbenzene in methanolic solution. Their catalytic activity for the epoxidation and allylic oxidation of cyclohexene and he epoxidation of (Z)-cyclooctene has been studied. With cyclohexene, epoxidation is favoured by increased cross-linking of the resin support, and allylic oxidation is shown to arise largely from an autoxidation which can be minimised by carrying out the reactions under nitrogen. (Z)-Cyclooctene gives only epoxidation which is also favoured by increased cross-linking and is unaffected by changes in the surface area of the support. The influence of the support cross-linking on catalyst performance is discussed. Supported anionic iron(III) porphyrins are poor catalysts unless they are sterically hindered with ortho-groups on the aromatic substituents. The fate of the oxidant in the heterogeneous oxidations is examined and comparison with the analogous homogeneous reactions suggests that some of the oxidant is consumed in oxidising the polymer support. A brief study of the oxidation of cyclohexene by iodosylbenzene catalysed by a cation exchange resin in its acidic form, in the absence of metalloporphyrins, is reported.
A visibility—oriented construction system for logic diagrams (1986)

Abstract The automation of each stage in the design and manufacture of computer systems is now being considered. The design language simulators, physical design systems and test systems are already in practical use. At present, however, the required verification of each stage is mostly performed manually. In consideration of this, the authors designed and developed an automatic system for constructing logic circuit diagrams (RADICS) aiming at easy manual verification and documentation. Seven criteria are specified for the visibility, which include the signal flow from input to output as well as the criteria adopted in the previous placement and routine system. This paper describes the aims and outlines of each algorithm in RADICS. The algorithms are then analyzed and evaluated.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID, BUDESONIDE, ON LUNG ANAPHYLAXIS IN ACTIVELY SENSITIZED GUINEA‐PIGS: INHIBITION OF IgE — BUT NOT OF IgG — MEDIATED ANAPHYLAXIS (1982)

1 The effect of glucocorticoid pretreatment on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction was studied in guinea-pigs actively sensitized to two different ovalbumin regiments (one producing IgE- and IgG-like antibodies and the other exclusively IgG-like antibodies). 2 Budesonide (50 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) given as one intraperitoneal injection 15-20 h before and anaphylactic tests or as two consecutive intraperitoneal injections 5 and 6 days before, led to a decreased bronchial capacity. In this respect glucocorticoid pretreatment was effective only in guinea-pigs sensitized to produce both IgE-like and IgG-like antibodies. 3 Budesonide pretreatment also reduced the capacity of anaphylactically-challenged chopped lung tissue to release histamine in guinea-pigs sensitized to produce both IgE- and IgG-like antibodies. 4 Budesonide pretreatment did not change the levels of circulating IgG1a and IgE-like homocytotropic antibodies as measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis; nor did it affect histamine or methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo or the capacity of histamine or methacholine to contract the guinea-pig isolated trachea preparation of the isoprenaline-induced relaxation of this preparation. 5 The selective inhibitory effects of budesonide and hydrocortisone on IgE-mediated but not IgG-mediated anaphylaxis and the relevance to human atopic disease are discussed.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Ni‐Mo Alloys (1988)

The effect of pulsing the current on the composition, the internal stress, and mechanical properties of Ni‐Mo electrodeposits was investigated. The molybdenum, content increased with increasing peak current density and to a lesser degree with decreasing duty cycle. A reduction in the internal stresses was explained in terms of the relaxation of those due to crystallite or fine grain coalescence during the off‐time and an expansion of the surface layer when hydrogen diffused into it at the start of each on‐time. The mechanical properties were improved by high frequency pulse plating. Deposits consisting of alternate layers of different composition annealed at 300°C exhibited further improvement of their mechanical properties.
Insulin‐induced translocation of glucose transporters in rat hindlimb muscles (1987)

Insulin causes a translocation of glucose transporters from intracellular microsomes to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. To determine whether insulin has a similar effect in rat hindlimb muscles, we used glucose-inhibitable cytochalasin B binding to estimate the number of glucose transporters in membrane fractions from insulinized and control muscles. Insulin treatment caused an approx. 2-fold increase in cytochalasin B-binding sites in a plasma membrane fraction and an approx. 70% decrease in cytochalasin B-binding sites in an intracellular membrane fraction. In order to detect this effect of insulin, it was necessary to develop a procedure for isolating a plasma membrane fraction and an intracellular membrane fraction that were not contaminated with sarcoplasmic reticulum. Our results show that, as in adipocytes, insulin stimulates translocation of glucose transporters from an intracellular membrane pool to the plasma membrane in hindlimb skeletal muscles.
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin: Spectrum of Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Initial Clinical Experience (1995)

In recent years, the prevalence of multiple drug-resistant strains of common Gram-positive pathogens has grown in many regions of the world. Increasingly, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci have been identified as causative organisms in serious and life-threatening infections. This increase in resistance highlights the need for new antimicrobial agents to expand the therapeutic armamentarium. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is the first of a unique class of antibiotics called streptogramins. It is characterized by a unique mechanism of action, intracellular activity, synergistic activity of its components, broad spectrum of activity against most Gram-positive cocci, common respiratory pathogens, and anaerobes, and demonstrated postantibiotic effect. Clinical evidence to date indicates that quinupristin/dalfopristin may be effective for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, especially those due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. This article reviews the pharmacology, microbiology, and clinical experience with quinupristin/dalfopristin to date.
Chromatographic studies on corticotropin (1955)

Research Article| November 01 1955 Chromatographic studies on corticotropin H. B. F. Dixon; H. B. F. Dixon 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. P. Stack-Dunne M. P. Stack-Dunne 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1955) 61 (3): 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610483 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. B. F. Dixon, M. P. Stack-Dunne; Chromatographic studies on corticotropin. Biochem J 1 November 1955; 61 (3): 483–495. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610483 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1955 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1955 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Tunable laser demodulation of various fiber Bragg grating sensing modalities (1998)

Fiber optic Bragg grating technology offers unrivaled sensing versatility combined with the promise of extremely compact, rugged and low-cost integrated optoelectronic microchip demodulation systems. We show that a tunable laser can be used to demodulate each of the different sensing modalities: short and long gage fiber optic strain sensors; serial and parallel multiplexed fiber grating sensor arrays and truly distributed sensing based on intragrating strain profile mapping. We also show that distributed strain sensing is not limited by the length of a single Bragg grating. We demonstrate that Fourier transform analysis combined with tunable laser interrogation of a string of gratings permits distributed sensing over distances of about a meter without the need for high-cost time division multiplexing or producing each grating with a different reference wavelength as required by wavelength division multiplexing.
A Battery of Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2008)

SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1) is a master transcriptional switch activating the developmental program of secondary wall biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that a battery of SND1-regulated transcription factors is required for normal secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of 11 SND1-regulated transcription factors, namely, SND2, SND3, MYB103, MYB85, MYB52, MYB54, MYB69, MYB42, MYB43, MYB20, and KNAT7 (a Knotted1-like homeodomain protein), was developmentally associated with cells undergoing secondary wall thickening. Of these, dominant repression of SND2, SND3, MYB103, MYB85, MYB52, MYB54, and KNAT7 significantly reduced secondary wall thickening in fiber cells. Overexpression of SND2, SND3, and MYB103 increased secondary wall thickening in fibers, and overexpression of MYB85 led to ectopic deposition of lignin in epidermal and cortical cells in stems. Furthermore, SND2, SND3, MYB103, MYB85, MYB52, and MYB54 were able to induce secondary wall biosynthetic genes. Direct target analysis using the estrogen-inducible system revealed that MYB46, SND3, MYB103, and KNAT7 were direct targets of SND1 and also of its close homologs, NST1, NST2, and vessel-specific VND6 and VND7. Together, these results demonstrate that a transcriptional network consisting of SND1 and its downstream targets is involved in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and that NST1, NST2, VND6, and VND7 are functional homologs of SND1 that regulate the same downstream targets in different cell types.
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY: APPLICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR THE BIODEGRADATION OF XENOBIOTICS (2005)

The reason for secretion of nucleoside diphosphate
kinase (NdK), an enzyme involved in maintaining
the cellular pool of nucleoside triphosphates in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes, by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis is intriguing. We recently observed
that NdK from M.tuberculosis (mNdK) localizes within
nuclei of HeLa and COS-1 cells and also nicks chromosomalDNAin
situ (A. K. Saini, K. Maithal, P. Chand,
S. Chowdhury, R. Vohra, A. Goyal, G. P. Dubey,
P. Chopra, R. Chandra, A. K. Tyagi, Y. Singh and
V. Tandon (2004) J. Biol. Chem., 279, 50142–50149).
In the current study, using a molecular beacon
approach, we demonstrate that the mNdK catalyzes
the cleavage of single strand DNA. It displays
Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a kcat/KM of 9.65
(–0.88) · 106 M�1 s�1. High affinity (Kd � KM of
�66 nM) and sequence-specific binding to the
sense strand of the nuclease hypersensitive region
in the c-myc promoter was observed. This is the
first study demonstrating that the cleavage reaction
is also enzyme-catalyzed in addition to the enzymatic
kinase activity of multifunctional NdK. Using
our approach, we demonstrate that GDP competitively
inhibits the nuclease activity with a KI of
�1.9 mM. Recent evidence implicates mNdK as a
potent virulence factor in tuberculosis owing to its
DNase-like activity. In this context, our results
demonstrate a molecular mechanism that could
be the basis for assessing in situ DNA damage by
secretory mNdK.
The token-bank leaky bucket mechanism for group connections in ATM networks (2002)

A well accepted policing mechanism for ATM networks is the leaky bucket mechanism. The original leaky bucket has been shown to be effective for traffic with a constant bit rate, but reacts poorly to bursty traffic. Although there are some other policing mechanisms in the literature that provide improvements over the original leaky bucket, most of them enforce the negotiated parameters for individual source traffic and do not fully utilize the statistical multiplexing of multiple connections. As a result, the bandwidth utilisation is low. Even though some source policing mechanisms have been proposed for group connections, they either fail to explore statistical multiplexing fully or do not provide a scheme to protect well-behaved sources from malicious ones in the group. We propose a new source policing mechanism, called the token-bank leaky bucket, for group connections in ATM networks. The mechanism explores the statistical multiplexing of multiple connections in the group and allows the unused bandwidth to be effectively shared by the connections that need it. In addition, it sets a limit of excessive data cells a source can send in a cycle in order to protect well-behaved sources against malicious sources. It is shown by simulations to have a lower violation probability and better bandwidth utilization even for small group connections when compared to the original leaky bucket with a similar configuration.
Characterization of ultrasound images of HIFU-induced lesions by extraction of its morphological properties (2010)

The purpose of this work is to compute several image processing techniques, applied to US images of HIFU-induced lesions, to characterize the shape, contour, position and the orientation of thermal lesions. In order to obtain real-time monitoring of HIFU treatment, a B-mode US imaging system and HIFU were synchronized. First, the HIFU sonication procedure consisted of applying an initial power of 10 W over an 8% BSA tissue-mimicking polyacrylamide gel until a hyperechoic spot appeared. Afterwards, the power was gradually increased up to 40 W for 4 min. The frame acquisition rate was set to 5 fps. Then, the region of interest (ROI) was manually selected and an image segmentation algorithm was implemented to isolate the thermal lesion based on different image pre-processing techniques and morphological operations. Thereafter, parameters such as area growing, the center of mass, eccentricity and the orientation of the equivalent ellipse were calculated to extract some morphological lesion features. This approach can be used as feedback system of the thermal lesion formation to determine more accurately the ablation zone.
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium Utilizes Fatty Acids for Ketogenesis (2014)

Every day, shortly after light onset, photoreceptor cells shed approximately a tenth of their outer segment. The adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells phagocytize and digest shed photoreceptor outer segment, which provides a rich source of fatty acids that could be utilized as an energy substrate. From a microarray analysis, we found that RPE cells express particularly high levels of the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) compared with all other tissues (except the liver and colon), leading to the hypothesis that RPE cells, like hepatocytes, can produce β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) from fatty acids. Using primary human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells cultured on Transwell filters with separate apical and basal chambers, we demonstrate that hfRPE cells can metabolize palmitate, a saturated fatty acid that constitutes .15% of all lipids in the photoreceptor outer segment, to produce β-HB. Importantly, we found that hfRPE cells preferentially release β-HB into the apical chamber and that this process is mediated primarily by monocarboxylate transporter isoform 1 (MCT1). Using a GC-MS analysis of (13)C-labeled metabolites, we showed that retinal cells can take up and metabolize (13)C-labeled β-HB into various TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids. Collectively, our data support a novel mechanism of RPE-retina metabolic coupling in which RPE cells metabolize fatty acids to produce β-HB, which is transported to the retina for use as a metabolic substrate.