gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-assisted reactions. Part 21. Epoxidation of alkenes catalysed by manganese-porphyrins: the effects of various oxidatively-stable ligands and bases (1991)

Porphyrin-catalysed epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide has been shown to occur in the presence of non-oxidisable ligands and bases whereas previous work has suffered from destruction of base and ligand with concomitant excessive use of oxidant. The advantageous use of adducts of hydrogen peroxide is described.
Total biodegradation of the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone by a bacterial culture (1997)

A mixed culture of bacteria, enriched from soil collected at a coal gasification site, proved capable of removing the potent oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone from culture media. The bacteria grew rapidly when zearalenone was provided as the sole source of carbon and energy. HPLC and ELISA analysis of culture extracts revealed no zearalenone or zearalenone-like products. Fourteen bacterial isolates from the mixed culture were identified and purified. The ability to degrade zearalenone was lost upon purification and recombination of the bacterial members of the mixed culture. A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls was unable to degrade zearalenone. This is the first report of the complete degradation of zearalenone by bacteria. The present study suggests the potential of mixed cultures in the biodegradation of zearalenone.
The World Wide Web leads a revolution in ATE programming environments (2002)

New software technologies, including the World Wide Web, may seem far removed from the tasks facing test program set (TPS) developers, but they promise to revolutionize the way TPS data is organized, presented, and used. This paper will describe how an integrated TPS development and execution environment can capitalize on these new technologies to improve test programming efficiency.
KNIME-CDK: Workflow-driven cheminformatics (2013)

KNIME-CDK is an open-source plug-in for the Konstanz Information Miner, a free workflow platform. KNIME-CDK is build on top of the open-source Chemistry Development Toolkit and allows for efficient cross-vendor structural cheminformatics. Its ease-of-use and modularity enables researchers to automate routine tasks and data analysis, bringing complimentary cheminformatics functionality to the workflow environment.
Manufacturing information integration using an object-oriented knowledge framework (2002)

The information retrieval aspect of heterogeneous information systems is discussed. Most manufacturing facilities contain information bases which are independently designed. The information bases denote persistent fact databases as well as meta-databases, typically knowledge bases. In such an environment, improvement in manufacturing performance can be obtained by sharing data in a manufacturing complex. An approach to this end is to build a knowledge base architecture which can incorporate existing heterogeneous databases with nonconventional data types such as object-oriented databases, or rulebases. To capture the global view of manufacturing databases with the rich semantics of knowledge bases, an object-oriented data model is used as a canonical data model. Based on the proposed structure, various methods of information retrieval are described. A query language ODML is presented as a global query language.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reciprocal Regulation via Protein-Protein Interaction between c-Myc and p21 in DNA Replication and Transcription (2000)

The c-myc protooncogene product (c-Myc) is a transcription factor and is rapidly induced in resting cells following various mitogenic stimuli. c-Myc is thus suggested to play an important role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation. Despite numerous studies, including those on the connection between cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and c-Myc, little has been clarified about c-Myc in terms of the cell cycle regulation. Here we show that c-Myc can directly bind to the carboxyl-terminal region of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1/sdi1) and thus partially relieves the p21 of the inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis directed by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent DNA polymerase delta. As for transcription, on the other hand, the p21 binding to the Myc box II region of c-Myc blocks c-Myc-Max complex formation on the E-box and thereby suppresses the transcriptional activation from the E-box by c-Myc. These results suggest that c-Myc activates DNA replication via inactivation of p21 and that p21, vice versa, represses the transcriptional activity of c-Myc. The balance of the reciprocal inactivation between c-Myc and p21 may determine the course of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Biological activity of cloned Moloney sarcoma virus DNA: Terminally redundant sequences may enhance transformation efficiency. (1980)

We have measured the ability of cloned restriction fragments containing the whole and partial genomes of two strains of Moloney murine sarcoma virus to induce cell transformation in DNA transfection assays. The cloned intact ml and HTl murine sarcoma virus proviruses transform with an efficiency of approximately 40,000-50,000 focus-forming units/pmol of proviral DNA, and the majority of these transformed cells contain a rescuable viral genome. A cloned 2.1-kilobase-pair internal fragment of the murine sarcoma virus containing 1.2 kilobase pairs of sarcoma virus-specific sequences (src) and approximately 900 base pairs of leukemia virus-derived sequences adjacent to the 5' end of src transforms with approximately 1/10,000th the efficiency of the intact genome. When leukemia virus-deprived sequences containing a single copy of the 600-base-pair direct terminal repeated sequences are present at either the 5' or 3' end of this src-containing fragment, the transforming activity is stimulated 1000-fold. Cotransfection with a mixture of cloned fragments, one containing the internal 2.1-kilobase-pair src fragment and the other containing a single copy of the terminally redundant sequence, results in a 300-fold increase in transformation efficiency.
Determination of hydrazines by chip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (2011)

In this report, a new approach for the fast determination of hydrazine compounds (hy) in complex matrices is presented. The experimental protocol is based on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microchip separations with contactless conductivity detection using a compact portable device, which integrates all separation and detection components. Three hy (hydrozine (Hy), methylhydrazine (MH), and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)) were separated within < 30 s at a separation voltage of 3.8 kV using a L(-)-histidine/2-(N-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) (His/MES) buffer (25:50 mM, pH 5.87). The contactless conductivity detection enables detection limits for Hy, MH, and UDMH of 11.9, 35.5, and 337.8 ng/mL, respectively, with linear concentration dependence up to 10 μg/mL. In complex matrices such as soil samples or river water, interferences were eliminated by implementing ultrasound-assisted headspace single-drop microextraction of hy under strongly alkaline conditions, using an aqueous drop of His/MES buffer as the extractant phase. The incorporation of this miniaturized sample preparation step led to improved limits of detection for Hy, MH, and UDMH of 6.5, 15.3, and 11.4 ng/mL, respectively. The overall protocol demonstrates a promising approach for interfacing chip electrophoresis with real-world applications.
Magnetoacoustic imaging of human liver tumor with magnetic induction (2011)

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is an imaging technique under development to achieve imaging of electrical impedance contrast in biological tissues with spatial resolution close to ultrasound imaging. However, previously reported MAT-MI experimental results are obtained either from low salinity gel phantoms, or from normal animal tissue samples. In this study, we report the experimental study on the performance of the MAT-MI imaging method for imaging in vitro human liver tumor tissue. The present promising experimental results suggest the feasibility of MAT-MI to image electrical impedance contrast between the cancerous tissue and its surrounding normal tissues.
Presiones culturales en la psicologia de la mujer (1969)

En mi estudio "El papel de la mujer en esta cultura" presenté un panorama del estado actual de la mujer en los Estados Unidos. Señalé la situación básica y los cambios que se están experimentando. Aunque el estudio se refería principalmente a los aspectos positivos de la evolución de la mujer, también hable de los problemas que todavía se presentan y de los nuevos problemas originados por las nuevas circunstancias.
Online statistical process control of chemical processes (1991)

An online SPC methodology for continuous chemical processes is described. The strategy avoids the model identification problem by focussing attention on statistical input-output relations. The problem then reduces to identifying the main causes of variations in product quality via the application of 'principal component analysis', a multivariate analysis technique. Such an approach is advantageous because guidelines on the required magnitudes of manipulative changes are natural outcomes of the analysis. The effectiveness of this procedure is demonstrated by application to a simulated chemical reaction system. Furthermore, it is shown that the assumption of cost-free adjustments, often stated of continuous processes, may not be always applicable.
THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID EVALUATED BY PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING<sup>†</sup> (2001)

Glycyrrhizic acid is widely applied as a sweetener in food products and chewing tobacco. In addition, it is of clinical interest for possible treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In some highly exposed subjects, side effects such as hypertension and symptoms associated with electrolyte disturbances have been reported. To analyze the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid in its toxicity, the kinetics of glycyrrhizic acid and its biologically active metabolite glycyrrhetic acid were evaluated. Glycyrrhizic acid is mainly absorbed after presystemic hydrolysis as glycyrrhetic acid. Because glycyrrhetic acid is a 200-1000 times more potent inhibitor of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase compared to glycyrrhizic acid, the kinetics of glycyrrhetic acid are relevant in a toxicological perspective. Once absorbed, glycyrrhetic acid is transported, mainly taken up into the liver by capacity-limited carriers, where it is metabolized into glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. These conjugates are transported efficiently into the bile. After outflow of the bile into the duodenum, the conjugates are hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetic acid by commensal bacteria; glycyrrhetic acid is subsequently reabsorbed, causing a pronounced delay in the terminal plasma clearance. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling indicated that, in humans, the transit rate of gastrointestinal contents through the small and large intestines predominantly determines to what extent glycyrrhetic acid conjugates will be reabsorbed. This parameter, which can be estimated noninvasively, may serve as a useful risk estimator for glycyrrhizic-acid-induced adverse effects, because in subjects with prolonged gastrointestinal transit times, glycyrrhetic acid might accumulate after repeated intake.
New Liquid Phases for the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Strong Bases on Capillary Columns (1964)

The current practice of pretreating the solid support with free alkali to increase separation efficiency for basic compounds proved to be unsuitable for capillary columns. Instead of this, homogenous organic materials of high base strength are required. We found polyethylene imine (PEI) and polypropylene imine (PPI) to be very efficient as liquid phases of capillary columns for the separation of bases. The preparation of polymers is mentioned. Silanization or acetylation of the free hydroxyl groups of carbowax-type substrate makes them more suitable for use as liquid phases in capillary columns
Pentraxin-chromatin interactions: serum amyloid P component specifically displaces H1-type histones and solubilizes native long chromatin. (1990)

Pure serum amyloid P component (SAP) and native long chromatin, mixed together at wt/wt ratios between 1:1 and 1:2 in the presence of physiological concentrations of NaCl and calcium, both remained in solution, whereas each alone precipitates rapidly under these conditions. This solubilization accompanies the binding of SAP to chromatin and the displacement of H1-type histones, which are essential for condensation and higher order folding of chromatin. Such binding of SAP to chromatin is remarkable since displacement of H1 and H5 by salt alone requires approximately 0.5 M NaCl. SAP also bound to nucleosome core particles forming soluble complexes with an apparent stoichiometry of 1:2, a result that is compatible with attachment of SAP at the nucleosome dyad, the site of H1 in intact chromatin. SAP thus undergoes a specific, avid interaction with chromatin that promotes its solubilization and may thereby contribute to the physiological handling of chromatin released from cells in vivo. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP) did not bind significantly to either chromatin or to core particles at physiological ionic strength. Incubation of chromatin with either normal serum, or acute phase human serum containing raised levels of CRP, did not induce complement activation regardless of the presence of added SAP or CRP, nor was any cleavage of DNA observed.
A Comparative Study of Dent Resistance Incorporating Forming Effects (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Dent resistance is an important attribute in the automotive panel design, and the ability to accurately predict a panel's dentability requires careful considerations of sheet metal properties, including property changes from stamping process. The material is often work-hardened significantly during forming, and its thickness is reduced somewhat. With increased demand for weight reduction, vehicle designers are seriously pushing to use thinner-gauged advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) as outer body panels such as fenders, hoods and decklids, with the expectation that its higher strength will offset reduced thickness in its dentability. A comparative study is conducted in this paper for a BH210 steel fender as baseline design and thinner DP500 steel as the new design. Forming effects are incorporated in the dent resistance analysis for both designs and results are presented to demonstrate the importance of considering forming effects in dentability simulation, especially for AHSS which tend to exhibit more rapid hardening than traditional steels. A detailed DOE study investigates effects of work-hardening, thickness-change, and bake-hardening on the denting simulation results. Important parameters affecting CAE denting results are identified, which in turn provides guidelines for production applications.</div>
Hei-Gro Intravaginal Device and Synovex-H Implants for Feedlot Heifers (1979)

The research reported herein was conducted to evaluate the Hei-Gro device when used alone and in combination with Synovex-H implants. In addition, the experiment was designed to study effects of pen position in relation to steers on feedlot performance of heifers.
Oriented crystal growth on amorphous substrates using artificial surface-relief gratings (1978)

Oriented crystal growth on an amorphous substrate has been achieved using an artificially created surface-relief grating. Crystallites of KCl grown from a water solution onto a 320-nm spatial-period square-wave grating in SiO2 nucleated preferentially at vertical steps and grew with 〈100〉 directions parallel to the grating axis. It is proposed that artificially created surface microstructures may provide a new means of manipulating the growth and orientation of crystalline overlayers.
An Adjustable Compliant Joint for Lower-Limb Exoskeletons (2014)

The field of exoskeletons and wearable devices for walking assistance and rehabilitation has advanced considerably over the past few years. Currently, commercial devices contain joints with stiff actuators that cannot adapt to unpredictable environments. These actuators consume more energy and may not be appropriate for human-machine interactions. Thus, adjustable compliant actuators are being cautiously incorporated into new exoskeletons and active orthoses. Some simulation-based studies have evaluated the benefits of incorporating compliant joints into such devices. Another reason that compliant actuators are desirable is that spasticity and spasmodic movements are common among patients with motor deficiencies; compliant actuators could efficiently absorb these perturbations and improve joint control. In this paper, we provide an overview of the requirements that must be fulfilled by these actuators while evaluating the behavior of leg joints in the locomotion cycle. A brief review of existing compliant actuators is conducted, and our proposed variable stiffness actuator prototype is presented and evaluated. The actuator prototype is implemented in an exoskeleton knee joint operated by a state machine that exploits the dynamics of the leg, resulting in a reduction in actuation energy demand and better adaptability to disturbances.
REOPERATION FOR SUBOPTIMAL OUTCOMES AFTER DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION SURGERY (2008)

There are many potential causes of suboptimal benefit after DBS. Timely identification of suboptimal lead placements followed by reoperation and repositioning/replacement in a subset of patients may improve outcomes.
Growth of Transparent Conductive Oxide ZnO Films by Atomic Layer Deposition (1996)

ZnO films have been grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc (DEZn) and H 2 O as reactant gases. Self-limiting growth occurred at substrate temperatures ranging from 105 to 165° C. Self-limiting growth was also achieved when the flow rates of DEZn and H 2 O were varied. It was found that the orientation and surface morphology of the films were strongly dependent on the substrate temperature. A high electron mobility of 30 cm 2 /V·s was obtained for undoped ZnO films only 220 nm thick. The mobility of films was higher than that of films grown by MOCVD.
Effect of Carrier Solvents on the Efficacy of Oral Itraconazole Therapy in Aspergillosis in Mice. (1994)

アゾール系の新抗真菌剤itraconazole(ITZ)のマウスのアスペルギルス感染に対する治療効果を検討した結果,経口投与での溶解剤として非イオン系のHCO-60を用いた場合,治療効果が観察出来なかったが,hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HPCD)に溶解して検討した結果,濃度依存的にITZの優れた活性が確認できた.一方,polyethylene glycolではHPCDに比べてその効果は低かった.この現象はカンジダ感染モデルでも確認され,ITZのマウスの感染系での活性発現には用いる溶解剤が重要であることが明らかになった.
Nonpalpable breast tumors: diagnosis with stereotaxic localization and fine-needle aspiration. (1989)

Modern mammography is the most effective means of detecting nonpalpable breast cancers, but correct diagnosis for malignancy is made in only 20%-30% of the cases. The conventional method of lesion localization usually results in approximate placement of the hookwire in the breast. The authors report the results of stereotaxic localization, combined with fine-needle aspiration and cytologic study, performed in 528 cases. Clinically occult breast lesions were localized precisely (within 2 mm 96% of the time), sampled by means of a 23-gauge needle, and marked with either methylene blue or a hookwire for subsequent open excisional biopsy. The results indicate a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 91%, and accuracy of 92% for the fine-needle aspiration procedure. This technique offers a significantly improved preoperative method of diagnosing small breast lesions with minimal pain, no complications, reduced cost, and no disfigurement or scar interfering with subsequent mammographic follow-up.
Ear Oximetry: A Noninvasive Method for Detection of Patent Foramen Ovale (2001)

Dye dilution and oximetry are both sensitive and specific methods for the detection of PFO. Oximetry has the following primary advantages over the currently available diagnostic methods: it is noninvasive, safe, and inexpensive and causes no discomfort for the patient. We suggest that oximetry could be used as a first-line screening method for PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Ear oximetry also has potential use in epidemiological studies.
Status Quo and Development of STINET (1997)

The STINET has undergone the process of development for two years. The existing problem is lack of Chinese information resources in the network and the cost of network communication is too high. The Department of ST Information, SSTCC will vigorously exploit the Chinese ST information resources in the Ninth Five Year Plan period and set up the VSAT Net in SSTCC in the near future,so as to promote the further development of STINET.
Mannose receptor (MR) and common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor (CLEVER)-1 direct the binding of cancer cells to the lymph vessel endothelium. (2003)

Although approximately 50% of cancers give rise to metastases via the lymphatic system, the mechanisms mediating this process have remained unknown. In this study, we have investigated the role of two lymphatic endothelial molecules, the mannose receptor (MR) and common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor (CLEVER)-1 in adhesion of malignant cells to the lymphatic endothelium, and analyzed their expression in two clinical series consisting of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (n = 17) and breast cancers (n = 72). Affinity of the tested head and neck cancer cell lines to the lymphatic endothelium varied greatly, but adhesion of all cell lines was dependent on both the MR and CLEVER-1. Almost all cancer specimens contained peritumoral vessels that expressed CLEVER-1 and MR, and also the intratumoral lymph vessels often expressed them in both tumor types. However, only intratumoral expression of these molecules seems to be essential for metastatic spread to the regional lymph nodes. Only 8 (22%) of the 36 axillary node-negative breast carcinomas expressed the MR on the intratumoral lymph vessels as compared with 16 (50%) of the 32 node-positive carcinomas (P = 0.017), and all eight head and neck carcinoma patients with regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis had tumors that expressed CLEVER-1 on the intratumoral lymph vessels. These data suggest a role for both the MR and CLEVER-1 in directing the traffic of cancer cells within the lymphatic system.
Operational Semantics and Polymorphic Type Inference (1988)

Three languages with polymorphic type disciplines are discussed, namely the *-calculus with Milner&apos;s polymorphic type discipline; a language with imperative features (polymorphic references); and a skeletal module language with structures, signatures and functors. In each of the two first cases we show that the type inference system is consistent with an operational dynamic semantics. On the module level, polymorphic types correspond to signatures. There is a notion of principal signature. So-called signature checking is the module level equivalent of type checking. In particular, there exists an algorithm which either fails or produces a principal signature.