gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conjugal transfer of plasmid-borne bacteriocin production in Enterococcus faecalis 226 NWC (1992)

Enterococcus faecalis 226 NWC, isolated from natural whey cultures utilized as starter in water-buffalo Mozzarella cheese manufacture, produces a bacteriocin, designated Enterocin 226 NWC, which is inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes. Plasmid analysis of E. faecalis 226 NWC showed a single 5.2-kb plasmid, pEF226. In conjugation experiments, pEF226 was transferred into a plasmid-free strain of E. faecalis JH2-2. The transfer required direct cell-to-cell contact and was not inhibited by DNase. The identity of conjugation was confirmed by digestion with SmaI restriction endonuclease and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the genomic DNA of E. faecalis 226, E. faecalis JH2-2 and of the isolates after the mating. The data indicate that the ability of E. faecalis 226 NWC to produce the bacteriocin is linked to the 5.2-kb conjugative plasmid pEF226.
New Structure of Phage-Related Islands Carrying <i>fusB</i> and a Virulence Gene in Fusidic Acid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (2013)

Nucleotide sequencing of the fusB-flanking regions in two fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates with the type IV aj1-leader peptide (LP)-fusB structure (lacking aj1) revealed that their fusB gene was located on novel phage-related islands inserted downstream of smpB and are here referred to as SeRIfusB-3692 and SePIfusB-857. The novel SePIfusB-857 structure was followed by SeCI857, forming a composite pathogenicity island which contained a putative virulence gene, vapE. The linkage of fusB and vapE may contribute to bacterial adaption.
Ultrastructural Analysis During Germination and Outgrowth of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores (1974)

Electron microscopy of thin sections of dormant and germinating spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 revealed a progressive change in the structure of the cortex, outer spore coat, and inner spore coat. The initial changes were observed in the cortex region, which showed a loose fibrous network within 10 min of germination, and in the outer spore coat, which began to be sloughed off. The permeability of the complex outer spore layers was modified within 10 min, since, at this time, the internal structures of the spore coat were readily stainable. A nicking degradation action of the laminated inner spore coat began at 20 min, and this progressed for the next 20 min leading to the loosening of the inner spore coat. By 30 min, the outer spore coat showed signs of disintegration, and at 40 min, both the outer and inner spore coats were degraded extensively. At 30 to 40 min, a period just preceding net deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, mesosomes became very prominent in the inner spore core and the cell wall began to thicken around the spore core. At 50 min, an emerging cell was observed, and by 60 min, there was clear evidence for elongation of the emerging cell and the presence of two nuclear bodies. At 90 min, elongation had been followed by the first cell division. There was evidence for spore coat fragments at the opposite poles of the dividing cell.
Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Bilayer Ceramic and Metal‐Ceramic Crown Performance (2012)

Based on the 11 criteria, the clinical performance of ceramic-ceramic crowns was comparable to that of the metal-ceramic crowns after 2 years; however, gradual roughening occurred between years 2 and 3, which resulted in differences in surface texture and wear.
A high speed high resolution readout with 14-bits area efficient SAR-ADC adapted for new generations of CMOS image sensors (2015)

In this paper, a high speed high resolution readout design for CMOS image sensors is presented. It has been optimized to fit within a 7.5um pitch under a 0.28um 1P3M process. The readout design ensures one conversion in only 1.5us and targets a DNL feature about +0.9/−0.7 over 14-bits. Noise performances have been optimized as well to ensure an 84dB dynamic range image sensor. Along with the designing phase, image quality has been considered and corrected by means of analog and digital correlated-double-sampling (CDS) operations. Compactness of the design has been assured through a specific architecture of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) making it compatible with fine pixel pitch design.
Discovery of Asciminib (ABL001), an Allosteric Inhibitor of the Tyrosine Kinase Activity of BCR-ABL1 (2018)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) arises from the constitutive activity of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the ATP-binding site have transformed CML into a chronic manageable disease. However, some patients develop drug resistance due to ATP-site mutations impeding drug binding. We describe the discovery of asciminib (ABL001), the first allosteric BCR-ABL1 inhibitor to reach the clinic. Asciminib binds to the myristate pocket of BCR-ABL1 and maintains activity against TKI-resistant ATP-site mutations. Although resistance can emerge due to myristate-site mutations, these are sensitive to ATP-competitive inhibitors so that combinations of asciminib with ATP-competitive TKIs suppress the emergence of resistance. Fragment-based screening using NMR and X-ray yielded ligands for the myristate pocket. An NMR-based conformational assay guided the transformation of these inactive ligands into ABL1 inhibitors. Further structure-based optimization for potency, physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and drug-like properties, culminated in asciminib, which is currently undergoing clinical studies in CML patients.
Analog-to-information conversion of sparse and non-white signals: Statistical design of sensing waveforms (2011)

Analog to Information conversion is a new paradigm in signal digitalization. In this framework, compressed sensing theory allows to reconstruct sparse signal from a limited number of measures. In this work, we will assume that the signal is not only sparse but also localized in a given domain, so that its energy is concentrated in a subspace. We will present a formal and quantitative discussion to explain how localization of sparse signals can be exploited to improve the quality of the reconstructed signal.
Effects of the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic human pancreatic tumor xenografts. (2002)

Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including human pancreatic cancer cells. The activation of NF-kappaB is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of PS-341, a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of PS-341's effects on the growth of eight different human pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that PS-341's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of PS-341's effects on established orthotopic tumor xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl tumors but not Mia-PaCa-2 tumors. Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that PS-341 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 in L3.6pl tumors but not in Mia-PaCa-2 tumors. However, histological examination of drug-treated tumors revealed extensive central necrosis and reductions in microvessel density and VEGF expression in both tumor types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PS-341 inhibits the growth of human pancreatic tumors via direct effects on tumor cells and indirect effects on the tumor vasculature.
Enhanced Shared-TDD Based Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON with Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Scheme (2009)

Although wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) is known as a high-speed transfer, it creates high channel costs per subscriber and low bandwidth utilization due to the fact that a wavelength is dedicated to each subscriber. Thus, it is imperative to reduce channel costs per subscriber and improve the bandwidth utilization. To achieve these, we first adopt a existing WDM-PON, which uses the bidirectional transmission with a single source for cost-efficiency by employing a gain-saturated reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA). Secondly, based on the existing WDM-PON, we propose an enhanced hybrid WDM/TDM-PON, which can extend the number of subscribers supported in each wavelength with splitters in the physical layer and a shared-time division duplex (TDD) frame format in the media access control (MAC) layer. Moreover, it can adaptively control the bandwidth through a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme according to the volume of traffic. Compared to the non TDD-based hybrid WDM/TDM-PON, it can reduce channel costs per subscriber from the extended number of subscribers supported in each wavelength. Furthermore, due to the DBA, it can improve the total queueing delay and throughput, and thus increase the bandwidth utilization.
Expression of mouse immunoglobulin light and heavy chain variable regions in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and reconstitution of antigen-binding activity (1990)

The expression of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and formation of a functional heterodimer has been demonstrated. Variable domain sequences were taken from the heavy and light chain cDNAs of the monoclonal antibody Gloop 2 and engineered for expression in a dual origin expression vector. The engineered genes vhg2 and vlg2 were separately subcloned into the vector, creating two expression plasmids. Expression of the heavy and light chain variable region genes (encoding 116 and 109 amino acids respectively) was investigated in eight E. coli strains; the polypeptides were rapidly degraded in a host strain optimized for expression and in E. coli strains deficient in the major protease La (lon-). Accumulation was permitted in severely protease-deficient E. coli having a defective heat-shock response. A lon- mutation in this genetic background permitted even higher accumulation. Expression levels were 7 and 1% of total bacterial protein for light and heavy chain variable regions respectively. Expression of the heavy chain variable region gene was increased by including a longer Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Similar constructions in the light chain vector had no effect on expression levels. The insoluble variable region polypeptides were reconstituted into a heterodimer possessing the full antigen binding characteristics of both the parent monoclonal antibody and its Fab fragment.
Politics and the economy in Jordan (1991)

Introduction Rodney Wilson Resources and Foreign Aid 1. Water Resources and Food Production Hassan A.K. Saleh 2. Foreign Aid and Economic Development Fawzi Khatib The Economy 3. The Role of the Private Sector in Jordan's Economy Zayd Sha'Sha 4. The Demand for Consumer Durables in Jordan Alladin Tileylioglu 5. Jordan's Trade and Balance of Payments Problems Monther Share Institutions 5. Inflation, Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Jordan Subrata Ghatak and Fawzi Khatib 7. Islamic Banking in Jordan Rodney Wilson Politics in Jordan 8. Jordan in the 1980's: Entity and Identity Yezid Sayigh 9. Jordan's 1986 Electoral Law Philip J. Robins International Relations 10. The Middle East: An Area of Conflict the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Iran-Iraq War Kamel Abu Jaber 11. Jordan's Foreign Policy Regional and International Implications Saleh A Al-Zu'bi Index
Design, simulation and implementation of a class of True Digital Control (TDC) applied to natural gas burner (2009)

This paper considers Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control for the hot air extracted from a natural gas burner. The control system has been applied to 7-stages printing machine existed in Cellopack Company for Packing Industries, 6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> of October City. The approach utilizes an experimental data-based modeling in discrete-time basis which suitable for PIP control system design. Here, the full state variable feedback control can be implemented directly from the measured input and output signals of the controlled process, without resort to the design and implementation of a deterministic state reconstruction or stochastic Kalman filter. All requirements are comfortably met for several operating conditions by using a straightforward to implement, fixed gain, linear PIP algorithm.
Heat Resistance of Zirconium in Several Mediums (1950)

Zirconium sheet was heated in carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, propane, and steam at atmospheric pressure. Weight changes and tensile properties were determined, metallographic structures discussed, and safe heating temperatures for the metal exposed to the various gases deduced.
New Lytic Peptides Based on the<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-Amphipathic Helix Motif Preferentially Kill Tumor Cells Compared to Normal Cells (2003)

Despite significant advances in cancer therapy, there is an urgent need for drugs with a new mode of action that will preferentially kill cancer cells. Several cationic antimicrobial peptides, which bind strongly to negatively charged membranes, were shown to kill cancer cells slightly better than normal cells. This was explained by a slight increase (3−9%) in the level of the negatively charged membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) in many cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Unfortunately, however, these peptides are inactivated by serum components. Here we synthesized and investigated the anticancer activity and the role of peptide charge, peptide structure, and phospholipid headgroup charge on the activity of a new group of diastereomeric lytic peptides (containing d- and l-forms of leucine and lysine; 15−17 amino acids long). The peptides are highly toxic to cancer cells, to a degree similar to or larger than that of mitomycin C. However, compared with mitomycin C and many native antimicrobial peptides, they are more selective for cancer cells. The peptides were investigated for (i) their binding to mono- and bilayer membranes by using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique, (ii) their ability to permeate membranes by using fluorescence spectroscopy, (iii) their structure and their effect on the lipid order by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and (iv) their ability to bind to cancer versus normal cells by using confocal microscopy. The data suggest that the peptides disintegrate the cell membrane in a detergent-like manner. However, in contrast to native antimicrobial peptides, the diastereomers bind and permeate similarly zwitterionic and PS-containing model membranes. Therefore, cell selectivity is probably determined mainly by improved electrostatic attraction of the peptides to acidic components on the surface of cancer cells (e.g., O-glycosylation of mucines). The simple composition of the diastereomeric peptides and their stability regarding enzymatic degradation by serum components make them excellent candidates for new chemotherapeutic drugs.
High Performance Polyamides in Demanding Automotive Thermal Management Applications (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High Performance Polyamides (HPPA) represent a fast growing family of polymers, with broad applicability in demanding applications where traditional materials such as nylon 66 are not suitable. This paper reviews the basic chemistry of the nylon product family, demonstrates how the HPPA family differs from standard nylon with a focus on semi-aromatic nylons known as polyphthalamides (PPA). We will demonstrate how PPA is an excellent candidate for thermal management applications where traditional polyamides are not suitable via specific performance data measured at the lab scale, along with commercial applications that provide validation of HPPA use.</div>
Mimicking Biological Membranes with Programmable Glycan Ligands Self‐Assembled from Amphiphilic Janus Glycodendrimers (2014)

An accelerated modular synthesis produced 18 amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers with three different topologies formed from either two or one carbohydrate head groups or a mixed constellation with a noncarbohydrate hydrophilic arm. By simple injection of their THF solutions into water or buffer, all of the Janus compounds self-assembled into uniform, stable, and soft unilamellar vesicles, denoted glycodendrimersomes. The mixed constellation topology glycodendrimersomes were demonstrated to be most efficient in binding plant, bacterial, and human lectins. This evidence with biomedically relevant receptors offers a promising perspective for the application of such glycodendrimersomes in targeted drug delivery, vaccines, and other areas of nanomedicine.
Source of Dietary Carbohydrate Affects Life Span of Fischer 344 Rats Independent of Caloric Restriction (1995)

Previous investigations suggest that increased life span of calorie-restricted rodents is a function of caloric intake rather than the macro- or micronutrient composition of the diet. However, the dietary source of carbohydrate has not been widely investigated. We hypothesized that the dietary carbohydrate source may affect the life span of rats independent of caloric restriction. This hypothesis was tested in male Fischer 344 rats fed ad libitum or restricted to 60% of ad libitum, an isocaloric diet containing 14% protein, 10% fat, and 66% sucrose or cornstarch. Body weights of the ad libitum- and restricted-fed sucrose rats were consistently greater throughout the experimental period compared to diet-matched animals. Food intake did not differ significantly. The survival curves of ad libitum starch- vs sucrose-fed rats were significantly different. That is, the mean, median and upper 10th percentile survival were significantly greater in the ad libitum starch- vs sucrose-fed rats (mean life span: cornstarch-fed, 720 +/- 23 days; sucrose-fed, 659 +/- 19 days). Calorie-restricted starch-fed rats had poorer early life survival, and no significant increase in mean life span compared to ad libitum cornstarch-fed animals (726 vs 720 days). These animals did, however, have the greatest upper 10th percentile survival of all four experimental groups. Mean life span of calorie-restricted sucrose-fed rats was significantly greater than that of all other groups (890 +/- 18 days). The differences in survival rates between sucrose- and cornstarch-fed animals could not be attributed to the effects of carbohydrate source on body weight, energy absorption, or on the timing and severity of the pathological lesions normally associated with aging and/or caloric restriction in this species. These data support the hypothesis that the dietary source of carbohydrate, i.e., sucrose vs cornstarch, can significantly affect life span independently of caloric intake.
Data Format and Bus Compatibility in Multiprocessors (1983)

Which end of the data egg gets broken first-big or little? Do you start with the MSB or the LSB? For the proposed IEEE 896 bus, the most practical approach may be the little-endian one.
Hybrid time-frequency domain equalization for LED nonlinearity mitigation in OFDM-based VLC systems (2015)

A novel hybrid time-frequency domain equalization scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the white light emitting diode (LED) nonlinearity in visible light communication (VLC) systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We handle the linear and nonlinear distortion separately in a nonlinear OFDM system. The linear part is equalized in frequency domain and the nonlinear part is compensated by an adaptive nonlinear time domain equalizer (N-TDE). The experimental results show that with only a small number of parameters the nonlinear equalizer can efficiently mitigate the LED nonlinearity. With the N-TDE the modulation index (MI) and BER performance can be significantly enhanced.
Efficient pyrophosphorolysis by a hepatitis B virus polymerase may be a primer-unblocking mechanism (2001)

Effective antiviral agents are thought to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA synthesis irreversibly by chain termination because reverse transcriptases (RT) lack an exonucleolytic activity that can remove incorporated nucleotides. However, since the parameters governing this inhibition are poorly defined, fully delineating the catalytic mechanism of the HBV-RT promises to facilitate the development of antiviral drugs for treating chronic HBV infection. To this end, pyrophosphorolysis and pyrophosphate exchange, two nonhydrolytic RT activities that result in the removal of newly incorporated nucleotides, were characterized by using endogenous avian HBV replication complexes assembled in vivo. Although these activities are presumed to be physiologically irrelevant for every polymerase examined, the efficiency with which they are catalyzed by the avian HBV-RT strongly suggests that it is the first known polymerase to catalyze these reactions under replicative conditions. The ability to remove newly incorporated nucleotides during replication has important biological and clinical implications: these activities may serve a primer-unblocking function in vivo. Analysis of pyrophosphorolysis on chain-terminated DNA revealed that the potent anti-HBV drug beta-l-(-)-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) was difficult to remove by pyrophosphorolysis, in contrast to ineffective chain terminators such as ddC. This disparity may account for the strong antiviral efficacy of 3TC versus that of ddC. The HBV-RT pyrophosphorolytic activity may therefore be a novel determinant of antiviral drug efficacy, and could serve as a target for future antiviral drug therapy. The strong inhibitory effect of cytoplasmic pyrophosphate concentrations on viral DNA synthesis may also partly account for the apparent slow rate of HBV genome replication.
A Pre-FFT OFDM Adaptive Array Antenna with Eigenvector Combining (2006)

This paper proposes a novel pre-FFT type OFDM adaptive array antenna called "Eigenvector Combining." The eigenvector combining array antenna is a realization of a post-FFT type OFDM adaptive array antenna through a pre-FFT signal processing, so it can achieve excellent performance with less computational complexity and shorter training symbols. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed eigenvector combining array antenna shows excellent bit error rate performance close to the lower bound just with 2 OFDM symbol-long training symbols.