gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High light-level blooming in the silicon vidicon (1975)

Blooming occurs in silicon-vidicon targets because more hole-electron pairs are created at a given point by the incident light signal than can be removed by the action of the scanning electron beam. The excess carriers move laterally in the target through diffusion and, as a result, the blooming has the following properties- 1) the Slope of the blooming curve on semilog paper does not depend on the size of the incident light spot, i.e., at a given overload intensity, all circular spot sizes add the same excess amount to their radii; 2) the radius of a bloomed spot increases linearly with the log of the incident intensity; 3) the Slope of the blooming curve does not depend on beam current; however, the intensity at which the blooming begins does depend directly on the beam current. At very high incident-light intensities, a dramatic increase in the blooming is observed. This can be attributed to diffusion under conditions where the minority carrier level has become equal to the majority carrier level.
Recovery of crude oil from oily sludge in an oilfield by sophorolipid (2019)

Oily sludge is a hazardous waste, so its improper disposal not only pollutes the environment but also endangers human health. In this study, following the principle of resource recycling, reduction and harmless treatment of oil sludge, we used sophorolipid, a biological surfactant, to wash and recover oily sludge in an oilfield. Then, the influence of technological parameters (such as concentration, temperature, mud liquid ratio, and stirring speed), on oil content in sediment was investigated. The lowest residual oil content was when sophorolipid－concentration was 0.05%, the temperature was 35 °C, the mud-to-liquid ratio was 1:3, the stirring speed was 350 r/min, and the stirring time was 2 h. The glycolipid surfactant showed potential industrial application value as it recovered 78.62% of the crude oil from the oily sludge and reduced the oil content of the sediment to less than 2%.
Use of Laboratory, Field, and Watershed Data to Regulate Rice Herbicide Discharges (2000)

Of approximately 188,000 ha of rice grown annually in California, greater than 90% are located in the Sacramento Valley. An estimated 682,000 kg of molinate and 306,000 kg of thiobencarb have been used for weed control in flooded rice fields of this region during a single rice growing season. In the early 1980s, frequent fish kills in agricultural drains and the presence of these herbicides in the Sacramento River, a source of city drinking water, led to their regulatory control in rice field discharges. Development of use restrictions relied on their physical properties, including aqueous solubilities, soil adsorption coefficients, and Henry's Law constants. However, due to differences in degradation rates observed in laboratory and field studies, field data were ultimately employed to develop control strategies. Subsequent monitoring in the Sacramento River watershed was conducted to assure that water quality objectives were met under various river flow conditions and use patterns.
Atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub>:  In Situ Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection at Parts per Trillion Mixing Ratios (1999)

We describe a time-gated laser-induced fluorescence instrument designed for accurate (+/- 5%, 1 sigma), continuous, autonomous, in situ observations of NO2 with the sensitivity (15 ppt/10 s at S/N = 2) and portability necessary to study NO2 anywhere in the troposphere. The technique is advantageous because it is spectroscopically specific and direct in that it does not require conversion of NO2 into another species (e.g., NO) prior to detection, eliminating a class of potential interferences. Performance of the instrument is illustrated with 15 weeks (July-Oct 1998) of observations at the University of California, Blodgett Forest field station located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and 4 weeks (June 15-July 15, 1999) in Nashville, TN during the Southern Oxidants Study. Ambient concentrations of NO2 at Blodgett Forest varied from below 50 ppt to 4000 ppt and NO2 ranged from 5 to 50% of the total reactive nitrogen; while in Nashville, TN, concentrations ranged from 1 to 75 ppb.
Developing novel multimodal interaction techniques for touchscreen in-vehicle infotainment systems (2014)

Haptics has been an integral part of multimodal systems in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The ability to touch and sense virtual components of any system has long been the holy grail of HCI, which is particularly useful in mission critical environments where other modalities are weakened by environmental noise. Haptics also compliments most modalities of interaction by reinforcing the intimate and personal aspect of interaction. Haptics becomes much more important in environments that prove to be far too noisy for audio feedback.The driving environment is one such area, which the addition of haptics is not just additive, but critical in HCI. However, most of the research on haptic feedback in the car has been conducted using vibro-tactile feedback. In this paper, we present a system in which we have developed a novel haptic feedback environment using pneumatic and vibrotactile technologies, to facilitate in carcommunication, using the In-vehicle Infotainment System. Our aim was to build on the user haptic perception and experience the advance multimodal interaction system by utilizing available feedback techniques in, in-car interaction. The qualitative results of our study show that haptic feedback has great potential for safety and communication use, but the difficulty in interpreting haptic signals requires additional translation means (`semantic linkages'), to support the right interpretation of the haptic information.
IL-2 Induces T Cell Adherence to Extracellular Matrix: Inhibition of Adherence and Migration by IL-2 Peptides Generated by Leukocyte Elastase (1998)

Migration of inflammatory cells requires cell adhesion and their subsequent detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Leukocyte activation and migration must be terminated to stop inflammation. Here, we report that IL-2 enhances human T cell adherence to laminin, collagen type IV, and fibronectin (FN). In contrast, neutrophil elastase, an enzyme activated during inflammation, degrades IL-2 to yield IL-2 fractions that inhibit IL-2-induced T cell adhesion to FN. The amino acid composition of two of these IL-2 fractions, which appear to block T cell adherence to FN, were analyzed, and three peptides were consequently synthesized. The three peptides IVL, RMLT, and EFLNRWIT, but not the corresponding inversely synthesized peptides, inhibited T cell adhesion to FN induced by a variety of activators: IL-2, IL-7, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, and PMA, as well as anti-CD3 and anti-beta1 integrin-activating mAb. Moreover, these IL-2 peptides inhibited T cell chemotaxis via FN-coated membranes induced by IL-2 and MIP-1beta. Inhibition of T cell adherence and migration apparently involves abrogation of the rearrangement of the T cell actin cytoskeleton. Thus, the migrating immune cells, the cytokines, and the ECM can create a functional relationship in which both inflammation-inducing signals and inhibitory molecules of immune responses can coexist; the enzymatic products of IL-2 may serve as natural feedback inhibitors of inflammation.
Cancer Gene Therapy Utilizing Interleukin-13 Receptor &#945;2 Chain (2005)

Cancer cells are known to express cell surface molecules such as specific antigens or cytokine receptors, e.g., EGFR, Fas/CD95, gp100, HER-2/neu, IL-13Ralpha2, and MAGE. Among them, interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha2 chain is expressed on certain types of cancer cells including glioblastoma, AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma, and head and neck cancer. This protein is one of the receptor components for IL-13, a Th2 cell-derived pleiotropic immune regulatory cytokine. IL-13Ralpha2 chain on these cancer cells can be targeted with a receptor-directed cytotoxin termed IL13-PE to induce specific cancer cell killing, however, this molecule does not mediate cytotoxicity to cells that do not express or express low levels of IL-13Ralpha2. In order to achieve a broad therapeutic window for IL13-PE, plasmid-mediated gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 in cancer cells was employed in vitro and in vivo. Cancer cells transfected with IL-13Ralpha2 demonstrated increased binding to IL-13 and sensitivity to IL13-PE in vitro. In vivo intratumoral gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 profoundly enhanced the antitumor activity of IL13-PE, providing complete elimination of established tumor in some xenografts. In this review article, current findings from IL-13Ralpha2 gene transfer in a variety of human cancer models in nude mice are summarized. In addition, safety issues and possible future directions utilizing this therapeutic approach are discussed.
Proposal of Steady State Superconducting Spherical Tokamak Experiment (2005)

This paper presents a proposal of a spherical tokamak (ST) with the superconducting center solenoid and toroidal coil system having the total magnetic stored energy comparable to that of the Large Helical Device. The parameters are as follows: R=1.8-2.1 m, Bt0=2-2.4 T, Ip=8-12 MA (IOH=4-6 MA), Te0=8-12 keV, ne0-4x1020 m-3 and Q(equivalent)=0.3-infinite depending on the transport scaling. This machine is suitable to study the role of the aspect ratio in the physics (cf. the stability condition of the high beta disruption) of the steady state plasma, which is driven by the bootstrap current.
Molybdenum and rhenium complexes of aromatic aminethiolate ligands (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolybdenum and rhenium complexes of aromatic aminethiolate ligandsJoseph K. Gardner, Narayanankutty Pariyadath, James L. Corbin, and Edward I. StiefelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 4, 897–904Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50182a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50182a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RNA structure and NMR spectroscopy (1991)

RNA molecules perform a wide variety of biological functions, from enzymic activity to storage and propagation of genetic information.
Design of roller-cam clutch mechanism for energy efficiency and high backdrivability of lower extremity exoskeleton (2015)

In this paper, a roller-cam clutch (RCC) mechanism was developed. The RCC can transfer bidirectional torque with high backdrivability, as well as increase actuation energy efficiency, in electrical exoskeleton robots. The developed mechanism was installed at the knee joint, which uses less metabolic energy, and unclutched during the swing phase, thereby functioning as a passive joint. The RCC aimed to increase actuation energy efficiency, and by generating zero impedance for users during the swing phase, to produce high backdrivability. To develop the mechanism, mathematical modeling of the RCC was conducted, with the design having more than three safety factors following optimization. Titanium (Ti-6AL-4V) material was used. Finally, modeling verification was done using ANSYS software.
Lysine 106 of the putative catalytic ATP-binding site of the Bacillus subtilis SecA protein is required for functional complementation of Escherichia coli secA mutants in vivo. (1993)

The SecA protein is a major component of the cellular machinery that mediates the translocation of proteins across the Escherichia coli plasma membrane. The secA gene from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and expressed in E. coli under the control of the lac or trc promoter. The temperature-sensitive growth and secretion defects of various E. coli secA mutants were complemented by the B. subtilis SecA protein, provided the protein was expressed at moderate levels. Under overproduction conditions, no complementation was observed. One of the main features of the SecA protein is the translocation ATPase activity which, together with the protonmotive force, drives the movement of proteins across the plasma membrane. A putative ATP-binding motif can be identified in the SecA protein resembling the consensus Walker A type motif. Replacement of a lysine residue at position 106, which corresponds to an invariable amino acid residue, in the consensus motif by asparagine (K106N) resulted in the loss of the ability of the B. subtilis SecA protein to complement the growth and secretion defects of E. coli secA mutants. In addition, the presence of the K106N SecA protein interfered with protein translocation, most likely at an ATP-requiring step. We conclude that lysine 106 is part of the catalytic ATP-binding site of the B. subtilis SecA protein, which is required for protein translocation in vivo.
Natural products and the development of selective antiprotozoal drugs (1990)

Abstract New drugs are urgently required for the treatment of amoebiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and trypanosomiasis. In this review the potential of natural plant products as a source of antiprotozoal drugs is discussed with respect to biochemical differences between protozoa and hosts. Some of the ways in which pathogenic protozoa differ biochemically from their human hosts are described, and the modes of action of some antiprotozoal drugs which exploit these differences are mentioned. A selection of natural products of plant origin (alkaloids, terpenes, quinones and miscellaneous compounds) is illustrated with emphasis on their modes of action and potential for the development of selective antiprotozoal agents.
Timestamp-based orphan elimination (1989)

An orphan in a distributed transaction system is an activity executing on behalf of an aborted transaction. A method is proposed for managing orphans created by crashes and by aborts that ensures that orphans are detected and eliminated in a timely manner, and also prevents them from observing inconsistent states. The method uses timestamps generated at each site. Transactions are assigned timeouts at different sites. These timeouts are related by a global invariant, and they may be adjusted by simple two-phase protocols. The principal advantage of this method is simplicity: it is easy to understand, and to implement, and it can be proved correct. An 'eager' version of this method uses approximately synchronized real-time clocks to ensure that orphans are eliminated within a fixed duration, and a 'lazy' version uses logical clocks to ensure that orphans are eventually eliminated as information propagates through the system. The method is fail-safe: unsynchronized clocks and lost messages may affect performance, but they cannot produce inconsistencies or protect orphans from eventual elimination. Although the method is informally described in terms of two-phase locking, the formal argument shows it is applicable to any concurrency control method that preserved atomicity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comment on "RAID5 performance with distributed sparing" (2006)

We provide an improved performance analysis of zoned disk drives, especially the seek distance distribution, than in a paper by Thomasian and Menon.
Bleaching-induced Colour Change in Plastic Filling Materials (2004)

The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the colour changes of five different tooth-coloured restoratives: Ormocer (Definite/Degussa), compomer (Dyract AP/Dentsply De Tray), packable composite (Filtek P60/3M), flowable composite (Filtek Flow/3M) and hybrid composite (Filtek Z250/3M) after two different bleaching regimens [Vivastyle (10% carbamide peroxide)/Vivadent and Crest Professional Whitestrips (6.5% hydrogen peroxide strip bands)/Procter & Gamble]. Fifteen specimens of 30 x 30 x 2mm(3) size were fabricated from each material and randomly divided into three groups of five. Specimens in group one were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for two weeks and served as control. Group two specimens were treated with Vivastyle for two hours per day for two weeks and group three specimens were treated with Whitestrips for 30 min twice daily for two weeks. During the test period the specimens were kept at 37 C and in 100% relative humidity. At the end of the bleaching regimens colour measurements of the control and test groups were made with UV visible recording spectrophotometer. Colour changes were calculated with the use of the CIE-LAB uniform colour scale and compared by the use of Kruskall-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Control, Vivastyle and Whitestrips L*, a* and b* values differed significantly for all materials except Filtek Z250 (p < 0.05). All restorative materials demonstrated significantly higher colour change (DeltaE) with Whitestrips (p < 0.05). Dyract AP demonstrated the highest colour change both for the bleaching regimens followed by Filtek Flow, Definite, Filtek P60, and Filtek Z250 showed the smallest colour change. Colour change of plastic restorative materials during bleaching is both filling material and bleach specific.
Conclusion (2013)

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Endostar, a novel human recombinant endostatin, attenuates liver fibrosis in CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced mice (2014)

Decreasing hepatic fibrosis remains one of the major therapeutic challenges in hepatology. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Endostar on both CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis in mice and a hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line. Two main models were studied: (i) a liver fibrosis model was induced in BALB/c mice using CCl<sub>4</sub> by intraperitoneal injection for six weeks. Six animal groups were studied: group 1: normal animals; group 2: CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis; group 3: CCl<sub>4</sub> + Endostar 20 mg/kg/d, six weeks; group 4: CCl<sub>4</sub> + Endostar 10 mg/kg/d, six weeks; group 5: CCl<sub>4</sub> + Endostar 20 mg/kg/d, four weeks; group 6: CCl<sub>4</sub> + Endostar 10 mg/kg/d, four weeks corresponded to different Endostar doses and duration of administration. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by histopathological staining and liver hydroxyproline content. Expressions of collagen type I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1 and VEGFR were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (ii) A liver cell model. HSC-T6 cells were cultured with or without Endostar for 12 h or 24 h. Expressions of collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 were measured by real-time PCR. Collagen I and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) contents in cell supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As compared to the group without Endostar, liver fibrosis scores and hydroxyproline content were decreased in both Endostar groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, Endostar inhibited the hepatic expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, Collagen-1, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 mRNA (P < 0.05). In the HSC-T6 cell line model, Endostar profoundly inhibited the expression of α-SMA, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA. Expressions of Collagen-1 and TGF-β1 protein were decreased in the Endostar group as compared to the normal controls in the supernatant of HSC-T6 cells (P < 0.05). Endostar decreased both liver fibrosis in CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced mice and collagen synthesis in HSCs in vitro. Therefore, this recombinant human endostatin is a promising compound for counteracting liver fibrosis.
Smoothing Vehicular Traffic Flow Using Vehicular-Based Ad Hoc Networking &amp; Computing Grid (VGrid) (2006)

We propose VGrid: an ad hoc networking and computing grid formed by leveraging inter-vehicle wireless communications. In addition to exchanging data between vehicles, VGrid actively uses pertinent data to perform computations for solving traffic-related problems. In this paper, we examine the problem of smoothing vehicular traffic flow through the use of real-time position and velocity information exchanged over the network. This is accomplished through the application of 1) accident alert messages sent from the site of an accident or other obstruction in the road and 2) dynamically-calculated variable speed limits based on the local density of vehicles. Using a realistic model of highway traffic flow, we show through simulation that VGrid reduces speed variance, corresponding to more homogeneous vehicle behavior in freeflow and obstructed-lane scenarios
The <i>Arabidopsis HOBBIT</i> gene encodes a CDC27 homolog that links the plant cell cycle to progression of cell differentiation (2002)

In plant meristems, dividing cells interpret positional information and translate it into patterned cell differentiation. Here we report the molecular identification of the Arabidopsis HOBBIT gene that is required for cell division and cell differentiation in meristems. We show that it encodes a homolog of the CDC27 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). HOBBIT partially complements a yeast nuc2/cdc27 mutant. Unlike other CDC27 homologs in Arabidopsis, its transcription is cell cycle regulated. Furthermore, hobbit mutants show a reduction in DR5 :: GUS auxin reporter gene expression and accumulate the AXR3/IAA17 repressor of auxin responses. HOBBIT activity may thus couple cell division to cell differentiation by regulating cell cycle progression in the meristem or by restricting the response to differentiation cues, such as auxin, to dividing cells.
Remote Interfacial Electron Transfer from Supramolecular Sensitizers (1997)

The sensitizers [(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)ReI(CO)3−CN−RuII(bpy)2(CN)](PF6) and [(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)ReI(CO)3−NC−RuII(bpy)2(CN)](PF6), where bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine, have been prepared, characterized, and anchored to porous nanocrystalline TiO2 surfaces for light-to-electrical energy conversion. The facial geometry about the ReI center orientates the RuII center proximate to the TiO2 surface. Long wavelength excitation is absorbed exclusively by the −RuII(bpy)2 group. Photoelectrochemical and time-resolved absorption measurements demonstrate rapid and efficient interfacial electron transfer even though the sensitizer is remote to the semiconductor-bound ligand.
Proteinase inhibition of the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk using the polymerase chain reaction (1994)

The direct detection, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of Listeria monocytogenes added to cows' milk was inhibited at some milk concentrations. This inhibitor was moderately heat‐stable. Inhibition could be prevented by the addition of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) or proteinase inhibitors to the PCR and the evidence suggests that the inhibitor was plasmin.