gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of lipid antigen presentation by <scp>CD</scp>1d and recognition by natural killer T cells (2012)

Together with peptides, T lymphocytes respond to hydrophobic molecules, mostly lipids, presented by the non-classical CD1 family (CD1a-e). These molecules have evolved complex and diverse binding grooves in order to survey different cellular compartments for self and exogenous antigens, which are then presented for recognition to T-cell receptors (TCRs) on the surface of T cells. In particular, most CD1d-presented antigens are recognized by a population of lymphocytes denominated natural killer T (NKT) cells, characterized by a strong immunomodulatory potential. Among NKT cells, two major subsets (type I and type II NKT cells) have been described, based on their TCR repertoire and antigen specificity. Here we review recent structural and biochemical studies that have shed light on the molecular details of CD1d-mediated antigen recognition by type I and II NKT cells, which are in many aspects distinct from what has been observed for peptide major histocompatibility complex-reactive TCRs.
Retrospective analysis of mantle cell lymphoma: experience of the "Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi" (GISL). (1998)

The present study confirms the unfavorable clinical course of MCL and the possible need for an alternative therapeutic strategy for this NHL category. Therefore, the correct identification of MCL at diagnosis appears of relevance.
Alemania puede evitar el odio de los españoles (2013)

Interspecific relationships among insects are often mediated by chemical cues, including non-volatile cuticular compounds. Most of these compounds are hydrocarbons that necessitate the use of solvents for their extraction, identification, and manipulation during behavioral assays. The toxicity of these solvents often precludes the removal and reapplication of hydrocarbons from and to live insects. As a consequence, dummies often are used in behavioral assays, but their passivity can bias the behavior of the responding insects. To overcome these limitations, we propose a method where cuticular compounds are extracted from live ants by placing them into glass vials half-filled with tepid water (ca. 34 degrees C) and vigorously shaking the vials to form an emulsion whose supernatant can be analyzed and/or reapplied to other ants. We demonstrate that cuticular compounds can be extracted from workers of the red fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima, and reapplied to the cuticle of workers from a sympatric species, Camponotus blandus (both Hymenoptera: Formicidae), while keeping the ants alive. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis and behavioral assays were used to confirm the successful transfer of the behaviorally active compounds.
Lectures on Hermite and Laguerre expansions (1993)

The interplay between analysis on Lie groups and the theory of special functions is well known. This monograph deals with the case of the Heisenberg group and the related expansions in terms of Hermite, special Hermite, and Laguerre functions. The main thrust of the book is to develop a concrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory for these expansions and use the theory to prove multiplier theorems. The questions of almost-everywhere and mean convergence of Bochner-Riesz means are also treated. Most of the results in this monograph appear for the first time in book form.
Ex Vivo Soluble Fas Ligand Treatment of Donor Cells to Selectively Reduce Murine Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (2006)

Thus, ex vivo treatment with sFasL appears to have potential for translation to clinical cell processing of BMT allografts and DLI infusions.
Speckle suppression via sparse representation for wide-field imaging through turbid media (2014)

Speckle suppression is one of the most important tasks in the image transmission through turbid media. Insufficient speckle suppression requires an additional procedure such as temporal ensemble averaging over multiple exposures. In this paper, we consider the image recovery process based on the so-called transmission matrix (TM) of turbid media for the image transmission through the media. We show that the speckle left unremoved in the TM-based image recovery can be suppressed effectively via sparse representation (SR). SR is a relatively new signal reconstruction framework which works well even for ill-conditioned problems. This is the first study to show the benefit of using the SR as compared to the phase conjugation (PC) a de facto standard method to date for TM-based imaging through turbid media including a live cell through tissue slice.
A Rapid Method for the Estimation of Urea in Biologic Fluids (1951)

A Rapid Method for the Estimation of Urea in Biologic Fluids: By Means of the Reaction Between Diacetyl and Urea* Samuel Natelson, Ph.D., Samuel Natelson, Ph.D. From the Department of Biochemistry, Rockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mary Lou Scott, Mary Lou Scott From the Department of Biochemistry, Rockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles Beffa, B.S. Charles Beffa, B.S. From the Department of Biochemistry, Rockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar *Presented at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Chicago, September 7, 1950. Author Notes American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 21, Issue 3_ts, March 1951, Pages 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/21.3_ts.275 Published: 01 March 1951 Article history Received: 18 October 1950 Published: 01 March 1951
Induction of interferon synthesis in mice by fractions from Nocardia (1978)

Three fractions of Nocardia, Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM), Nocardia water-soluble mitogen pellet (NWSMP), and the cell wall peptidoglycan, which are mitogenic for B lymphocytes, were able to induce circulating interferon in mice, NWSMP and NWSM being the most active. The peak of interferon appeared about 2 h after injection. The interferon induced by NSWMP and NWSM was acid stable and antigenically related to viral interferon, as shown by neutralization with antibodies directed against Newcastle disease virus-induced interferon.
Synthesis of aromatic polyimide film by vacuum deposition polymerization (1987)

A new method for preparing the polymer films directly in the reduced atmosphere has been developed. In this process the polymerization can be carried out through depositing the component monomer vapors. Both pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (oxydianiline) were evaporated at a molar ratio in terms of stoichiometry by controlling the heating power for each evaporation source. From the infrared absorption spectrum observation, it was found that the as-deposited film was the mixture of the polyamic acid and both nonreacted monomers. After having been heated to 200 °C for 60 min, the deposited film was finally transformed into the polyimide film through the condensation reaction. The obtained polyimide film had good adhesion to the glass and metal substrate and showed excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance, and electrical insulation characteristics. By selecting the appropriate combination of monomers, other polymer films could be obtained through the vacuum deposition polymerization process.
Akt Activation Protects Hippocampal Neurons from Apoptosis by Inhibiting Transcriptional Activity of p53 (2001)

Survival factors suppress apoptosis by activating the serine/threonine kinase Akt. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying activated Akt's ability to protect neurons from hypoxia or nitric oxide (NO) toxicity, we focused on the apoptosis-related functions of p53 and caspases. We eliminated p53 by employing p53-deficient neurons and increased p53 by infection with recombinant adenovirus capable of transducing p53 expression, and we now show that p53 is implicated in the apoptosis induced by hypoxia or NO treatments of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Although hypoxia and NO induced p53, treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 significantly inhibited caspase-3-like activation, neuronal death and transcriptional activity of p53. These insulin-like growth factor-1 effects are prevented by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. Adenovirus-mediated expression of activated-Akt kinase suppressed p53-dependent transcriptional activation of responsive genes such as Bax, suppressed caspase-3-like protease activity and suppressed neuronal cell death with no effect on the cellular accumulation and nuclear translocation of p53. In contrast, overexpression of kinase-defective Akt failed to suppress these same activities. These results suggest a mechanism where Akt kinase activation reduces p53's transcriptional activity that ultimately rescues neurons from hypoxia- or NO-mediated cell death.
A device to classify surface orientation from polarization images (2000)

One way to warrant the accuracy of the measure of the polarization angle phi of light after reflection from some surfaces may be to use a very precisely tuned polarizing filter and control of the fine tuning time evolution. This solution may be expensive and not easy to implement. Another way is to try to have a measurement process as independent as possible of the accuracy of the devices. This is the reason for proposing a method for precisely determining the angle of polarization phi based on self-calibration techniques. The advantage over existing methods is that it is not necessary to exactly know the rotation angle theta of the polarizing filter. From these accurate and robust measures of polarization, an orientation map of the observed objects may be derived to classify homogeneous geometrical regions. This 3D information could be inserted in classical techniques of stereovision to improve the matching process.
Orbital formationkeeping with differential drag (1989)

This paper examines the feasibility of using differential drag between two spacecraft as the means for controlling their relative positions. The equations ofirelative motion between two satellites are derived and a coordinate transformation is made to reduce the formationkeeping problem to the simultaneous solution of a double integrator and a harmonic oscillator. A simple feedback control law is developed that simultaneously and dependently solves the double integrator and harmonic oscillator; the control law consists of two parts: the main control law and the eccentricity minimizing control scheme. Results are presented of four test cases which show that the control law can drive a satellite from an initial position to a target position and maintain the satellite at that location.
Interaction of clozapine with the histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor in rat brain (1995)

We examined possible interactions between neuroleptics and the histamine H3 receptor and found an interaction of clozapine with this receptor. In competition binding experiments, using the H3 antagonist, [125I]-iodophenpropit, we observed a Ki of 236 +/- 87 nM. Functionally, clozapine was studied on the H3-mediated inhibition of [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]-5-HT) release from rat brain cortex slices. Clozapine acts as an antagonist with an apparent KB value of 79.5 nM.
An intelligent mobile vehicle navigator based on fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning (1999)

In this paper, an alternative training approach to the EEM-based training method is presented and a fuzzy reactive navigation architecture is described. The new training method is 270 times faster in learning speed; and is only 4% of the learning cost of the EEM method. It also has very reliable convergence of learning; very high number of learned rules (98.8%); and high adaptability. Using the rule base learned from the new method, the proposed fuzzy reactive navigator fuses the obstacle avoidance behaviour and goal seeking behaviour to determine its control actions, where adaptability is achieved with the aid of an environment evaluator. A comparison of this navigator using the rule bases obtained from the new training method and the EEM method, shows that the new navigator guarantees a solution and its solution is more acceptable.
Divide and Conquer with Neural Networks (2017)

We consider the learning of algorithmic tasks by mere observation of input-output pairs. 
Rather than studying this as a black-box discrete regression problem with no assumption whatsoever 
on the input-output mapping, we concentrate on tasks that are amenable to the principle of divide and conquer, and study what are its implications in terms of learning. 

This principle creates a powerful inductive bias that we exploit with neural architectures that are defined recursively, by learning two scale-invariant atomic operators: how to split a given input into two disjoint sets, and how to merge two partially solved tasks into a larger partial solution. The scale invariance creates parameter sharing across all stages of the architecture, and the dynamic design creates architectures whose complexity can be tuned in a differentiable manner.

As a result, our model is trained by backpropagation not only to minimize the errors at the output, but also to do so as efficiently as possible, by enforcing shallower computation graphs. Moreover, thanks to the scale invariance, the model can be trained only with only input/output pairs, removing the need to know oracle intermediate split and merge decisions. As it turns out, accuracy and complexity are not independent qualities, and we verify empirically that when the learnt complexity matches the underlying complexity of the task, this results in higher accuracy and better generalization in two paradigmatic problems: sorting and finding planar convex hulls.
Clinical Application of Beryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Testing (2003)

Because of its unique properties, beryllium has become widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including inertial guidance systems, turbine rotor blades, laser tubes, rocket engine liners, springs, aircraft brakes and landing gear, ball bearings, injection and blow mold tooling, electrical contacts, automotive electronics, X-ray tube windows, spark plugs, electrical components, ceramic applications, gears, aircraft engines, oil and gas industries, welding electrodes, computer electronics, and golf clubs.It is extremely light, with a high modulus of elasticity (stiffness), a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and a high melting point.Pure beryllium metal is useful in the nuclear industry as a moderator to slow neutrons, increasing the effectiveness of fission.More frequently, it is formulated as an alloy or an oxide.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of tirapazamine (SR 4233) administered every three weeks. (1997)

Tirapazamine (SR 4233; 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-di-N-oxide) is a bioreductive agent exhibiting up to 200 x greater toxicity for hypoxic cells as compared to oxygenated cells. In murine studies, a selective increase in tumor kill was observed when tirapazamine was coadministered with other agents, notably cisplatin. A Phase I study of single-agent tirapazamine administered i.v. every 3 weeks was conducted to determine the toxicity of a schedule for use with systemic chemotherapy. A total of 28 patients were given 50 courses of tirapazamine at doses ranging from 36-450 mg/m2. No tumor responses were observed. Reversible deafness and tinnitus were dose-limiting, with ototoxicity observed in 1 of 6 patients treated at 330 mg/m2, 1 of 4 patients treated at 390 mg/m2, and 3 of 3 patients treated at 450 mg/m2. Muscle cramps, nausea, and vomiting were also observed. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a greater than dose-proportional increase in the area under the plasma concentration x time curve (AUCs) of the two major metabolites. Patients who developed ototoxicity generally showed higher plasma AUC values for the parent drug and metabolites. The mean plasma tirapazamine AUC at 330 mg/m2 was 1026.5 microgram/ml x min (range 863. 8-1252.3), but no pharmacokinetic data are available for the solitary patient who developed otoxicity at this dose level. These AUC values were in the (estimated) range required for therapeutic effect in murine studies. Ototoxicity was not observed when the AUC of tirapazamine was equal to or less than 1252 microgram/ml x min. The dose of 330 mg/m2 was therefore chosen as an appropriate level for combination chemotherapy studies.
Total synthesis of the alkaloid (±)-dendrobine (1972)

Y. Inubushi, T. Kikuchi, T. Ibuka, K. Tanaka, I. Saji and K. Tokane, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 1252 DOI: 10.1039/C39720001252
Prioritizing agricultural, rural development and implementing the rural revitalization strategy (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key missions in the “three nong ” domain (i.e. issues related to agriculture, farmers and rural areas in China) that should be successfully accomplished to successfully implement the rural revitalization strategy. Design/methodology/approach Specified objectives involved in the grand goal of “Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects” and China’s current achievements in the “three nong ” domain are systematically compared; weak points are discussed and priorities to address these weak points are outlined. Findings In this paper, four key missions are identified: first, to win the battle against poverty; second, to stabilize the bedrock of agricultural and rural development; third, to complete key missions (i.e. to build and develop thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, socialized etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperous life) in the initial stage of rural revitalization; and finally, to establish an efficient policy framework for prioritizing agricultural and rural development and mobilize resources to support the four priorities in agricultural and rural development (i.e. priorities in personnel, resource, funding and public service allocation). Originality/value This paper is the first to systematically summarize and identify key missions that should be accomplished for the successful implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
Smad7: not only a regulator, but also a cross-talk mediator of TGF-β signalling (2011)

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating diverse cellular processes. It signals through membrane-bound receptors, downstream Smad proteins and/or other signalling mediators. Smad7 has been well established to be a key negative regulator of TGF-β signalling. It antagonizes TGF-β signalling through multiple mechanisms in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Smad7 can be transcriptionally induced by TGF-β and other growth factors and serves as an important cross-talk mediator of the TGF-β signalling pathway with other signalling pathways. Accordingly, it plays pivotal roles in embryonic development and adult homoeostasis, and altered expression of Smad7 is often associated with human diseases, such as cancer, tissue fibrosis and inflammatory diseases.
Optimal wavelength band clustering for multispectral iris recognition (2012)

This work explores the possibility of clustering spectral wavelengths based on the maximum dissimilarity of iris textures. The eventual goal is to determine how many bands of spectral wavelengths will be enough for iris multispectral fusion and to find these bands that will provide higher performance of iris multispectral recognition. A multispectral acquisition system was first designed for imaging the iris at narrow spectral bands in the range of 420 to 940 nm. Next, a set of 60 human iris images that correspond to the right and left eyes of 30 different subjects were acquired for an analysis. Finally, we determined that 3 clusters were enough to represent the 10 feature bands of spectral wavelengths using the agglomerative clustering based on two-dimensional principal component analysis. The experimental results suggest (1) the number, center, and composition of clusters of spectral wavelengths and (2) the higher performance of iris multispectral recognition based on a three wavelengths-bands fusion.
Visual localization, mapping and reconstruction using edges (2016)

Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit kantenbasierten Methoden zur Stereokorrespondenzsuche, visueller Odometrie, Kartierung und der dichten Oberflächenrekonstruktion. Im Besonderen untexturierte Szenen, in denen merkmalpunktbasierte Methoden versagen, werden untersucht. Zur Lösung werden komplementäre Ansätze vorgestellt, die auch in der mathematisch minimalen Szenenkonfiguration bestehend aus zwei nichtparallelen Liniensegmenten (polygonalisierte Kanten) funktionieren. Mittels eines neuen liniensegmentbasierten visuellen Odometrie- sowie Bündelausgleichsansatzes werden Liniensegmentkarten in Szenen von moderater Komplexität bis hin zu untexturierten Szenen erfolgreich rekonstruiert. Die vorgestellte dichte Oberflächenrekonstruktion von Liniensegmentkarten erlaubt den Einsatz bei der Exploration einer Umgebung mittels Robotern in Echtzeit.
Vertebral Artery Dissection : Natural History, Clinical Features and Therapeutic Considerations (2008)

When a tear occurs in one of the major cervicocerebral arteries and allows blood to enter the wall of the artery and split its layers, the result is either stenosis or aneurysmal dilatation of the vessel. Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is an infrequent occurrence but is a leading cause of stroke in young and otherwise healthy patients. This article discusses recent developments in understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of VAD and the various clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, and approaches to treatment.
ATPase Activity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> SecA1 and SecA2 Proteins and Its Importance for SecA2 Function in Macrophages (2008)

The Sec-dependent translocation pathway that involves the essential SecA protein and the membrane-bound SecYEG translocon is used to export many proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. Recently, several pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were shown to possess two SecA homologs, SecA1 and SecA2. SecA1 is essential for general protein export. SecA2 is specific for a subset of exported proteins and is important for M. tuberculosis virulence. The enzymatic activities of two SecA proteins from the same microorganism have not been defined for any bacteria. Here, M. tuberculosis SecA1 and SecA2 are shown to bind ATP with high affinity, though the affinity of SecA1 for ATP is weaker than that of SecA2 or Escherichia coli SecA. Amino acid substitution of arginine or alanine for the conserved lysine in the Walker A motif of SecA2 eliminated ATP binding. We used the SecA2(K115R) variant to show that ATP binding was necessary for the SecA2 function of promoting intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. These results are the first to show the importance of ATPase activity in the function of accessory SecA2 proteins.