gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Unsupervised Clustering with Gaussian Mixture Variational Autoencoders (2016)

We study a variant of the variational autoencoder model (VAE) with a Gaussian mixture as a prior distribution, with the goal of performing unsupervised clustering through deep generative models. We observe that the known problem of over-regularisation that has been shown to arise in regular VAEs also manifests itself in our model and leads to cluster degeneracy. We show that a heuristic called minimum information constraint that has been shown to mitigate this effect in VAEs can also be applied to improve unsupervised clustering performance with our model. Furthermore we analyse the effect of this heuristic and provide an intuition of the various processes with the help of visualizations. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our model on synthetic data, MNIST and SVHN, showing that the obtained clusters are distinct, interpretable and result in achieving competitive performance on unsupervised clustering to the state-of-the-art results.
A Review of Intelligent Driving Style Analysis Systems and Related Artificial Intelligence Algorithms (2015)

In this paper the various driving style analysis solutions are investigated. An in-depth investigation is performed to identify the relevant machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms utilised in current driver behaviour and driving style analysis systems. This review therefore serves as a trove of information, and will inform the specialist and the student regarding the current state of the art in driver style analysis systems, the application of these systems and the underlying artificial intelligence algorithms applied to these applications. The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the possibilities for unique driver identification utilizing the approaches identified in other driver behaviour studies. It was found that Fuzzy Logic inference systems, Hidden Markov Models and Support Vector Machines consist of promising capabilities to address unique driver identification algorithms if model complexity can be reduced.
Travel Planning Online For Dummies (1998)

From the Publisher:
Find out how you can quickly and easily book plane tickets, rent a car and find a hotel room -- all with a few clicks of the mouse! Whether you're going on a short business strip or planning your dream vacation, Travel Planning Online For Dummies leads you straight to the best deals online for any destination around the globe. 
Travel Planning Online For Dummies helps you research destinations, find the best rates, make reservations, purchase tickets and print maps. You'll discover how to land the cheapest airfares around, get the inside scoop on a particular city right from the locals, and take advantage of special travel offers available only on the web! The book includes a CD-ROM with Internet connection software, e-commerce utilities for making online purchases, links to over 300 travel sites and more!
Faster Response Times of Rare-Earth Oxycarbonate Based Co2 Sensors and Another Readout Strategy for Real-World Applications (2011)

The contribution presents the results of investigations performed on the new class of CO2 chemoresistive materials based on rare earths oxy-carbonates. Firstly, the performance an alternative senso2r readout parameter, work function, is presented together with a comparison between the effect of the target gas, CO, and main interferent, water vapor. Afterwards, new synthesis routes, targeting the lowering of the sensitive materials costs are described together with sensing performance obtained in realistic application conditions.
Exponential parameter estimation In the presence of known components and noise (1994)

In the determination of the natural modes of an electromagnetic scatterer, the measured time series will contain desired information, noise, and quite often known transient components introduced by the excitation source or measuring equipment. This paper describes a linearly constrained total least squares (LCTLS)-Prony method for extracting the exponential model parameters from observed transient data. For such problems, the TLS criterion yields better parameter estimates than LS. Moreover, the incorporation of known signal information via constraints leads to even greater improvements in performance. Mathematical connections between LCTLS-Prony and a TLS variation of time series deflation (TSD) are used to derive constraints for higher order excitation poles. Also, we use TSD concepts to derive numerically superior data transformations For LCTLS. Simulation studies involving idealized test data and synthetic scattering response data of a perfectly conducting sphere demonstrate the advantages of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unmanning the Police Manhunt: Vertical Security as Pacification (2013)

This article provides a critique of military aerial drones being &ldquo;repurposed&rdquo; as domestic security technologies. Mapping this process in regards to domestic policing agencies in the United States, the case of police drones speaks directly to the importation of actual military and colonial architectures into the routine spaces of the &ldquo;homeland&rdquo;, disclosing insidious entwinements of war and police, metropole and colony, accumulation and securitization. The &ldquo;boomeranging&rdquo; of military UAVs is but one contemporary example how war power and police power have long been allied and it is the logic of security and the practice of pacification that animates both. The police drone is but one of the most nascent technologies that extends or reproduces the police&rsquo;s own design on the pacification of territory. Therefore, we must be careful not to fetishize the domestic police drone by framing this development as emblematic of a radical break from traditional policing mandates &ndash; the case of police drones is interesting less because it speaks about the militarization of the police, which it certainly does, but more about the ways in which it accentuates the mutual mandates and joint rationalities of war abroad and policing at home. Finally, the paper considers how the animus of police drones is productive of a particular form of organized suspicion, namely, the manhunt. Here, the &ldquo;unmanning&rdquo; of police power extends the police capability to not only see or know its dominion, but to quite literally track, pursue, and ultimately capture human prey.
Massless Yang-Mills field and many-body potentials (1977)

Many-body potentials between scalar particles generated by the exchange of massless Yang-Mills gauge bosons are calculated in the classical and static limits. In the calculation of the static four-body potential, we have encountered a curious term which is proportional to ${\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. It does not contribute to the diagonal elements of the potential, but it contributes to the off-diagonal elements of the potential. This term can also be found in the Fokker-type Lagrangian derived by classical methods. In order to remove this curious term, we must restrict the meaning of "classical limit." In this restricted sense of the classical limit, only the two-body potential in the lowest order of approximation survives in the static limit.
Studies on antigenic competition. II. Evidence for effect at level of antigen 'processing'. (1972)

Antigenic competition between two haptenic determinants was studied. It was shown that antigenic competition was greater if a 1- or 2-week interval is imposed between injection of the two antigens. Preimmunization with one antigen or with the carrier protein to which one hapten is coupled will decrease the effect of antigenic competition on the antibody response to that antigen or hapten and bring about a greater degree of depression of the antibody response to the second haptenic determinant. Finally, antigenic competition does not occur if the two antigens are injected so as to drain into different groups of regional lymph nodes. This is true even if a 3- or 7-day time interval is imposed between injection of the two antigens. The results are interpreted as suggesting that competition occurs at the level of the antigen `processing' or `localizing' step in the immune response.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control Algorithm (2010)

Since the PV cell has the nonlinear characteristic and its output voltage is low, the boost circuit is used to enhance the output voltage as well as track the MPPT point. The slide mode control method is proposed to implement the MPPT control quickly and stably. By using DSP TMS320F2812, the experimental verification is realized for the proposed scheme.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones by Metal–Organic Framework MOF‐199 as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst (2013)

Abstract A highly crystalline porous copper‐based metal–organic framework MOF‐199 was synthesized from the reaction of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate by a solvothermal method. The MOF‐199 was characterized by several techniques, including X‐ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform‐Infrared (FT‐IR), Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and nitrogen physisorption measurements. The MOF‐199 proved to be an efficient catalyst for the C‐arylation of aryl iodides with acetylacetone to form α‐aryl ketones as the principal products. The catalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture by simple decantation, and be reused without significant degradation in catalytic activity. No contribution from homogeneous catalysis of active species leaching into the liquid phase was detected, confirming that the MOF‐199 is a truly heterogeneous catalyst.
Striking a Balance: The Conflict between Safety and Due Process Rights - The Practical Implications of Zadvydas v. Davis (2002)

We discuss a pandemic management framework using symptom-based quick response (QR) codes to contain the spread of COVID-19. In this approach, symptom-based QR health codes are issued by public health authorities. The codes do not retrieve the location data of the users; instead, two different colors are displayed to differentiate the health status of individuals. The QR codes are officially regarded as electronic certificates of individuals' health status, and can be used for contact tracing, exposure risk self-triage, self-update of health status, health care appointments, and contact-free psychiatric consultations. This approach can be effectively deployed as a uniform platform interconnecting a variety of responders (eg, individuals, institutions, and public authorities) who are affected by the pandemic, which minimizes the errors of manual operation and the costs of fragmented coordination. At the same time, this approach enhances the promptness, interoperability, credibility, and traceability of containment measures. The proposed approach not only provides a supplemental mechanism for manual control measures but also addresses the partial failures of pandemic management tools in the abovementioned facets. The QR tool has been formally deployed in Fujian, a province located in southeast China that has a population of nearly 40 million people. All individuals aged ≥3 years were officially requested to present their QR code during daily public activities, such as when using public transportation systems, working at institutions, and entering or exiting schools. The deployment of this approach has achieved sizeable containment effects and played remarkable roles in shifting the negative gross domestic product (-6.8%) to a positive value by July 2020. The number of cumulative patients with COVID-19 in this setting was confined to 363, of whom 361 had recovered (recovery rate 99.4%) as of July 12, 2020. A simulation showed that if only partial measures of the framework were followed, the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 could potentially increase ten-fold. This approach can serve as a reliable solution to counteract the emergency of a public health crisis; as a routine tool to enhance the level of public health; to accelerate the recovery of social activities; to assist decision making for policy makers; and as a sustainable measure that enables scalability.
Coloring voxel-based objects for virtual endoscopy (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Coloring voxel-based objects for virtual endoscopy Authors: Omer Shibolet Algotec Systems Ltd. and Tel-Aviv University, 4 Ha-Melacha St., POB, Ranana 43000, Israel Algotec Systems Ltd. and Tel-Aviv University, 4 Ha-Melacha St., POB, Ranana 43000, IsraelView Profile , Daniel Cohen-Or Computer Scince Department, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel Computer Scince Department, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, IsraelView Profile Authors Info & Claims VVS '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualizationOctober 1998 Pages 15–22https://doi.org/10.1145/288126.288140Published:01 October 1998Publication History 8citation248DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads248Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Bismuth Ruthenate-Based Pyrochlores for IT-SOFC Applications (2006)

The densification and electrochemical activity for oxygen reduction of the bismuth ruthenate pyrochlores, synthesized by the Pechini method, have been investigated as the interconnect and cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The substitution of bismuth on the ruthenium site significantly improves the densification process. Some compositions of the pyrochlore family are promising coating materials for metallic interconnects. Anode-supported fuel cells with doped ceria as the electrolyte have been fabricated and tested. Impedance spectra of the fuel cells demonstrate high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. The area-specific resistance at is less than .
UV Radiation: Balancing Risks and Benefits<sup>†</sup> (2008)

We use action spectra published by the International Commission on Illumination to examine diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations in erythemally weighted (sunburning) UV-a health risk, and vitamin D-weighted UV-a health benefit. Vitamin D-weighted UV is more strongly dependent on ozone and solar zenith angle. Consequently, its diurnal, seasonal and geographic variability is more pronounced than for erythemally weighted UV. We then investigate relationships between the two quantities. An algorithm is developed and used to relate vitamin D production to the widely used UV index, to help the public to optimize their exposure to UV radiation. In the summer at noon, there should at mid-latitudes be sufficient UV to photosynthesize optimal vitamin D in approximately 1 min for full body exposure, whereas skin damage occurs after approximately 15 min. Further, while it should be possible to photosynthesize vitamin D in the winter at mid-latitudes, the amount of skin that must be exposed is larger than from the hands and face alone. This raises the question of whether the action spectrum for vitamin D production is correct, since studies have reported that production of vitamin D is not possible in the winter at mid-latitudes.
The roof plate regulates cerebellar cell-type specification and proliferation (2006)

During embryogenesis, the isthmic organizer, a well-described signaling center at the junction of the mid-hindbrain, establishes the cerebellar territory along the anterior/posterior axis of the neural tube. Mechanisms specifying distinct populations within the early cerebellar anlage are less defined. Using a newly developed gene expression map of the early cerebellar anlage, we demonstrate that secreted signals from the rhombomere 1 roof plate are both necessary and sufficient for specification of the adjacent cerebellar rhombic lip and its derivative fates. Surprisingly, we show that the roof plate is not absolutely required for initial specification of more distal cerebellar cell fates, but rather regulates progenitor proliferation and cell position within the cerebellar anlage. Thus, in addition to the isthmus, the roof plate represents an important signaling center controlling multiple aspects of cerebellar patterning.
Tobacco and Tomato PR Proteins Homologous to<i>win</i>and Pro-Hevein Lack the “Hevein” Domain (1991)

Clones corresponding to tobacco pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins PR-4 and tomato PR protein P2 were isolated from phage cDNA libraries of tobacco infected with tobacco mosaic virus and tomato infected with Cladosporium fulvum, respectively. The probe used in these screenings was a polymerase chain reaction product, synthesized on phage DNA from the tobacco cDNA library, using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer whose sequence corresponded to the partial amino acid sequence available for P2. The different cDNA sequences from the tobacco and tomato clones contained open reading frames for small proteins with 80-90% amino acid sequence identity. Both tobacco PR-4 and tomato P2 are synthesized as precursor proteins, with an N-terminal signal peptide involved in extracellular targeting. The proteins are highly similar to putative wound-induced proteins of potato (win) and to the precursor protein of hevein. However, in contrast to the hevein pro-protein and win proteins, PR-4 and P2 do not contain N-terminal, chitin-binding "hevein" domains. The tobacco and tomato genomes contain a limited number of genes corresponding to PR-4 or P2, whose expression is induced upon infection with the above-mentioned pathogens.
Real time object detection and tracking: Histogram matching and Kalman filter approach (2010)

In this paper we present an approach to develop a real-time object tracking system using a static camera to grab the video frames and track an object. The work presents the concepts of histogram matching and absolute frame subtraction to implement a robust automated object tracking system. Once the object is detected it is tracked using discrete Kalman filter technique. The histogram matching algorithm proposed here helps to identify when the object enters the viewing range of the camera and the absolute frame subtraction gives better results even with low quality videos. Such a tracking system can be used in surveillance applications and proves to be cost effective.
Electrostatic discharge induced thermo-optical degradation of optical solar reflectors (OSRs) (1991)

In a combined space environment (20-keV electrons and protons; UV), non-ITO-coated OSRs exhibited a 50% increase in alpha (thermal absorptivity) compared with a negligible increase for ITO-coated OSRs. The increase is attributed to ESD-induced degradation. The results of this study will allow thermal designers to more accurately predict the spacecraft on-orbit temperatures by taking into account ESD-induced degradation of the thermal-optical properties of OSRs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Female Hispanic Health Disparities in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (2018)

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome have become a worldwide epidemic with Hispanics bearing a disproportionate burden. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology associated with obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD includes the whole spectrum of fatty liver, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) requiring orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) for survival. It is not well understood why some patients progress and others do not, however NASH is linked to a 50% higher death rate compared with NAFLD. Hispanics in the US have the highest prevalence of ESLD due to NAFLD (58.3% vs. 44.4%), as well as its most clinically-relevant subset of patients, those with NASH (19.4% vs. 9.8%) and are particularly at risk for requiring OLT. OLT success is hampered by cellular damage elicited by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) which lowers both short-and long-term allograft survivals. There is growing experimental and clinical evidence that recipient steatosis exacerbates the mechanisms of injury related to IRI, and therefore may be a major contributing factor to racial and ethnic disparities related to OLT. Therefore, we investigated IRI, recipient steatosis, and OLT outcomes in a cohort of Hispanic NASH OLT recipients at our center. Over the past three years we have enrolled 104 OLT recipients in our IRB-approved study, 19 of which were diagnosed with NASH that contributed to their ESLD requiring OLT (18%). Of these patients, 9 had biopsy-proven IRI (50% IRI+), and 9 did not (50% IRI-), based on the presence of necrotic hepatocytes and inflammatory infiltrates. Of note, 6/9 IRI+ patients with NASH were Hispanic (67%), but only 2/9 IRI- NASH patients were Hispanic (22%). Additionally, most Hispanic NASH patient biopsies already exhibited large-droplet macrovesicular steatosis in hepatocytes at 2 hours post-reperfusion (5/8=63%) whereas only 1/11 of the Non-Hispanic NASH patients had macrovesicular steatosis by this early time point (9%). In the first year post-transplant, most Hispanic NAFLD/NASH patients required for-cause biopsies (6/8=75%) and had worse outcomes than Non-Hispanics, including ACR, AMR, chronic IRI and NASH whereas only 9% of Non-Hispanics (1/11) required a for-cause biopsy and had HCV at the time of biopsy. Interestingly, despite our overall cohort being predominantly male (69/104=66%), Hispanic NASH OLT-IRI patients with for-cause biopsies associated with worsened outcomes were almost entirely female (5/6=83%). Taken together, female Hispanics with NASH in our OLT cohort disproportionately suffered from IRI leading to worsened outcomes within the first year post-transplant. As such, reduction of IRI risk factors should be considered in Hispanics with NASH requiring OLT, particularly females. Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32CA009120 (RAS). NIH Health Disparities LRP Award MPEG6329 (RAS). NIH PO1 AI120944 (JWKW and EFR).
The muscle-specific microRNAs <i>miR-1</i> and <i>miR-133</i> produce opposing effects on apoptosis by targeting HSP60, HSP70 and caspase-9 in cardiomyocytes (2007)

The microRNAs miR-1 and miR-133 are preferentially expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles and have been shown to regulate differentiation and proliferation of these cells. We report here a novel aspect of cellular function of miR-1 and miR-133 regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. miR-1 and miR-133 produced opposing effects on apoptosis, induced by oxidative stress in H9c2 rat ventricular cells, with miR-1 being pro-apoptotic and miR-133 being anti-apoptotic. miR-1 level was significantly increased in response to oxidative stress. We identified single target sites for miR-1 only, in the 3'-untranslated regions of the HSP60 and HSP70 genes, and multiple putative target sites for miR-133 throughout the sequence of the caspase-9 gene. miR-1 reduced the levels of HSP60 and HSP70 proteins without changing their transcript levels, whereas miR-133 did not affect HSP60 and HSP70 expression at all. By contrast, miR-133 repressed caspase-9 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. The post-transcriptional repression of HSP60 and HSP70 and caspase-9 was further confirmed by luciferase reporter experiments. Our results indicate that miR-1 and miR-133 are involved in regulating cell fate with increased miR-1 and/or decreased miR-133 levels favoring apoptosis and decreased miR-1 and/or miR-133 levels favoring survival. Post-transcriptional repression of HSP60 and HSP70 by miR-1 and of caspase-9 by miR-133 contributes significantly to their opposing actions.