gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of epidermal growth factor on pathological changes of the gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (2001)

OBJECTIVE : To study the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on pathological changes of the gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). METHODS : The established CAG rat models were divided into groups A and B. The rats in group A received 10 μg/kg EGF subcutaneously. In group B, rats were subcutaneously injected with the same quantity of normal saline. Twelve weeks later, all rats were killed by cervical dislocation and their gastric mucosa were examined microscopically. RESULTS : The grading of the inflammatory cell infiltration in group A was lower than that in group B ( P < 0.01). The thickness of the gastric mucosal gland layer was 215.0 ± 20.7 μm in group A and 139.2 ± 13.8 μm in group B ( P < 0.01). The ratio of the thickness of the gastric mucosal glands to that of the muscularis mucosa (L 1 /L 2 ) was 2.70 ± 0.34 in group A and 1.27 ± 0.27 in group B ( P < 0.01). The number of gastric glands in a 1‐mm length of mucosal layer was 26.20 ± 1.27 in group A and 19.90 ± 1.78 in group B ( P < 0.01). In group A, the gastric glands were rearranged, without signs of malignant proliferation. The width of gastric mucosa expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was larger in group A than in group B (77.70 ± 4.16 μm vs 54.40 ± 4.54 μm; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS : Epidermal growth factor plays a therapeutic role in reversing gastric mucosal atrophy in rats with CAG. It promotes the expression of PCNA, which induces a protective proliferation in gastric mucosal lesions in rats with CAG.
Write-Induced Head Contamination in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2016)

One detrimental by-product of heat-assisted magnetic recording writing is the creation of head contamination. Here, we present the current understanding of the driving forces, growth mechanisms, and growth rates of write-induced head contamination. The combination of an evaporation and condensation model with shear forces suggests a flow of lubricant on the head may precipitate contamination. The contamination is observed to grow in the head-media gap until it contacts the media surface, at which point an additional material pickup mechanism can be activated. Evidence of contact-induced transfer and a chemical reaction of the contamination is presented, and the impacts of contamination on head temperatures and thermal gradient is presented. Depending on the contamination properties, head temperatures may be increased substantially, leading to increased reliability risk. Consistent with previous analyses, we find that contamination may increase media thermal gradient.
Hydrogen Economy Based on Renewable Energy Sources (2004)

Petroleum supplies will be in increasingly higher demand as heavily populated developing countries expand their economies and become more energy intensive. This problem is exacerbated because the U.S. alone consumes a disproportionately higher fraction (more than the next five highest consuming nations) of the petroleum supply.
CAD API based tool path control for novel incremental sheet forming (2010)

This paper presents a CAD-based approach for a new sheet metal forming technology that is Dieless Incremental Sheet Forming (DSF). This is established through the development of a program that allows a 3D model to be created with the use of a CAD Application Programming Interface (API) and an offline Slave Tool Path calculator based on a commercial CAM program’s output (Master Tool Path). The author will show how to apply parameterizations in the same model by utilizing the CAD API to overcome problems of a commercial post-processor and how to calculate Slave Tool Paths for different forming strategies.
Integration of ferroelectric capacitors using multilayered electrode (1997)

Abstract The ferroelectric capacitors of PZT are fabricated using RuO2/Pt electrode to examine the electrode effect on ferroelectric properties. PZT films are prepared by metalo-organic decomposition(MOD) on sputter deposited electrodes. In particular, inductively coupled plasma(ICP) etcher is used to reduce the etching damage. In addition, TiO2 reaction barrier layer is employed to retard the degradation of ferroelectric properties due to the reaction between a passivation layer and PZT film. The electrical properties of Pt/RuO2/PZT/RuO2/Pt capacitors are compared to those obtained from Pt/PZT/Pt and RuO2/PZT/RuO2 capacitors. The better ferroelectric properties is likely attributed to the modification in the microstructure of PZT film. The result implicates RuO2/Pt would be a good electrode for a nonvolatile memory application.
An adaptive DFE for storage channels suffering from nonlinear ISI (magnetic recording) (2003)

The authors explore the magnetic recording channel in some detail and describe some of the characteristics of the channel that point to the random access memory decision feedback equalizer (RAM-DFE) as a suitable detection method. The structure and adaptation of the RAM-DFE are described. The RAM-DFE with the signed-LMS (least mean square) algorithm and the constrained step size ( mu =2/sup -n/) is shown to be well suited to the magnetic storage application. Not only does RAM-DFE outperform the conventional DFE under many circumstances, but it is also more conducive to a high-speed digital implementation, making the RAM-DFE appropriate for the higher data rates (linear densities) that its improved performance facilitates. Preliminary investigations indicate that the RAM-DFE can be implemented in 1.6- mu m CMOS on a single VLSI chip (about 50000 transistors) with a sampling (data) rate of 54 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Successful selection of an infection‐protective anti‐<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> monoclonal antibody and its protective activity in murine infection models (2015)

Recent clinical trials to develop anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) therapeutic antibodies have met unsuccessful sequels. To develop more effective antibodies against MRSA infection, a panel of mAbs against S. aureus cell wall was generated and then screened for the most protective mAb in mouse infection models. Twenty-two anti-S. aureus IgG mAbs were obtained from mice that had been immunized with alkali-processed, deacetylated cell walls of S. aureus. One of these mAbs, ZBIA5H, exhibited life-saving effects in mouse models of sepsis caused by community-acquired MRSA strain MW2 and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strain VRS1. It also had a curative effect in a MW2-caused pneumonia model. Curiously, the target of ZBIA5H was considered to be a conformational epitope of either the 1,4-β-linkage between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or the peptidoglycan per se. Reactivity of ZBIA5H to S. aureus whole cells or purified peptidoglycan was weaker than that of most of the other mAbs generated in this study. However, the latter mAbs did not have the protective activities against S. aureus that ZBIA5H did. These data indicate that the epitopes that trigger production of high-yield and/or high-affinity antibodies may not be the most suitable epitopes for developing anti-infective antibodies. ZBIA5H or its humanized form may find a future clinical application, and its target epitope may be used for the production of vaccines against S. aureus infection.
Serum concentration of CD44 variant 6 and its relation to prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma (1998)

It appears that CD44v6 and sCD44v6 are related to the progression of diffuse type gastric carcinoma. An elevated serum level of sCD44v6 may be useful as a prognostic indicator in patients with diffuse type gastric carcinoma.
IsdA Protects<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>against the Bactericidal Protease Activity of Apolactoferrin (2008)

An important facet of the Staphylococcus aureus host-pathogen interaction is the ability of the invading bacterium to evade host innate defenses, particularly the cocktail of host antimicrobial peptides. In this work, we showed that IsdA, a surface protein of S. aureus which is required for nasal colonization, binds to lactoferrin, the most abundant antistaphylococcal polypeptide in human nasal secretions. The presence of IsdA on the surface of S. aureus confers resistance to killing by lactoferrin. In addition, the bactericidal activity of lactoferrin was inhibited by addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, implicating the serine protease activity of lactoferrin in the killing of S. aureus. Recombinant IsdA was a competitive inhibitor of lactoferrin protease activity. Reciprocally, antibody reactive to IsdA enhanced killing of S. aureus. Thus, IsdA can protect S. aureus against lactoferrin and acts as a protease inhibitor.
Effects of benzamidine derivatives on Ha-ras-1 mRNA accumulation in a Chinese hamster cell line transformed with the activated human T24 Ha-ras-1 oncogene. (1988)

Tetra benzamidine derivatives were found to inhibit proteinase activity, cell proliferation and accumulation of the Ha-ras-1 mRNA in the FHO6T1-1 Chinese Hamster cell line, transformed with the activated human T24-Ha-ras-1 oncogene. Di- and Tri-benzamidine derivatives were also found to be potent inhibitors of proliferation of FHO6T1-1 cells. These latter compounds could be proposed as useful substrates in the synthesis of drug-conjugated monoclonal antibodies or growth factors.
Semantic indexing with deep learning: a case study (2016)

Deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are poised for widespread application in the research fields of information retrieval and natural language processing. However, there are very few publications addressing semantic indexing with deep learning. In particular, there are few studies of semantic indexing in biomedical literature because of several specific challenges including a vast amount of semantic labels from automatically annotating MeSH terms for MEDLINE citations and a massive collection with only the title and abstract information. In this paper, we introduce a novel CNN-based semantic indexing method for biomedical abstract document collections. First, we adaptively group word2vec categories into (coarse) subsets by clustering. Next, we construct a high-dimensional space representation with Wikipedia category extension, which contains more semantic information than bag-of-words. Thereafter, we design a hierarchical CNN indexing architecture for learning documents from a coarse- to fine-grained level with several multi-label training techniques. We believe that the low-dimensional representation of the output layer in CNNs should be more compact and effective. Finally, we perform comparative experiments for semantic indexing of biomedical abstract documents. Experimental results on the MEDLINE dataset show that our model achieves superior performance than conventional models.
Ontology‐based Grid resource management (2009)

Abstract Grid resources are typically diverse in nature with respect to their software and hardware configurations, resource usage policies and the kind of application they support. Aggregating and monitoring these resources, and discovering suitable resources for the applications become a challenging issue. This is partially due to the representation of Grid metadata supported by the existing Grid middleware which offers limited scope for matching the job requirements that directly affect scheduling decisions. This paper proposes a semantic component in conventional Grid architecture to support ontology‐based representation of Grid metadata and facilitate context‐based information retrieval that complements Grid schedulers for effective resource management. Web Ontology language is used for creating Grid resource ontology and Algernon inference engine has been used for resource discovery. This semantic component has been integrated with conventional Grid schedulers. Several experiments have also been carried out to investigate the performance overhead that arises while integrating this component with Grid schedulers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations of t-complex testis expressed gene 5 transcripts in the testis of sterile t-haplotype mutant mouse (2008)

We established that mutations that occur in the Tctex5 long transcript of the t-haplotype mice are important for normal sperm function, whereas the short transcript of Tctex5 might have a conserved function among different tissues.
Bit metric generation for Gray coded QAM signals (2005)

A simple and general bit metric generation method by using the log likelihood ratio (LLR) for a Gray coded QAM signal over an additive white Gaussian noise channel is proposed. The mathematical max (min) functions of the conventional LLR expression are replaced with basic arithmetic functions. Since the derived LLR expression can be used as a soft bit metric for input to a conventional binary turbo decoder, it is suitable for practical applications with a turbo decoder or other related applications as an alternative to conventional methods.
Signalling system Hash 7: the corporate network backbone (2003)

The authors argue for the introduction of SS7 (signalling system 7) functionality into the corporate network as the backbone for the system and the use of ISDN/PRA (integrated services digital network/primary rate access) as the access mechanism. It is argued that SS7 will meet the requirements of a sophisticated, intelligent signaling system with enhanced signaling efficiency, broad messaging capabilities, carriage of various applications, user flexibility, and operations, administration, and management attributes. It is concluded that the use of SS7 as the backbone of a large corporate network will result in savings, expanded network functionality, superior reliability, increased robustness, increased customer/user choice, and the possibility of hybrid solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Lever Analogy: A New Tool in Transmission Analysis (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new tool for analyzing transmissions that use planetary gearsets is presented. With this tool, entire transmissions are usually represented by a single lever, and the calculation of most characteristics is as simple as summing moments of a lever. A miniature cookbook of levers, for various planetary arrangements is included which can be helpful in selecting a planetary to achieve the desired objectives of a user.</div>
Logic Based Spatial Light Modulators (1988)

The role of fiber optics as an interconnection mechanism for optoelectronic programmable logic arrays (OPLA's) is critically examined. The effect of fundamental physical limitations on the computational capacity of OPLA's is considered. A comparison of OPLA technology to that of existing electronic logic arrays is presented, and scaling relations are derived. The role of higher order decoders in minimizing the requirements on computational capacity is delineated. A novel technique is proposed for effecting a reconfigurable equivalent to a spatial light modulator based logic system.
Utilidad de la cartografía para las ciencias sociales: un ejemplo de la geografía electoral (1991)

La mayoría de las ciencias sociales (Demografía, Sociología, historia o Geografía) tienen actualmente la posibilidad de encontrar una nueva orientación gracias al aporte cartográfico, que permite la difusión inmediata de la información por el simple acto de mirar.
A distributed multimedia repository : access protocol design and implementation (1995)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.
The challenge of financing sanitation for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (2004)

Increasing recognition on how sanitation directly impacts health, improved living conditions, education outcomes, and poverty reduction, has intensified the advocacy for markedly improved sanitation access. The inclusion of direct sanitation targets in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and an understanding that improved sanitation is essential to achieving targets for health, education, and environmental sustainability has given further impetus in addressing the challenge of financing scaled up sustainable sanitation. Conventional public finance in sanitation in the past, had generally focused on subsidies for household, and public facilities, and grants for urban sewerage, and solid waste systems. Traditionally, the approach to providing access to sanitation had been supply driven, and focused on financing facilities. A review of emerging thinking, and practice suggests that a shift in sanitation financing is required, i.e., from financing subsidies and grants for sanitation facilities, to funding sanitation promotion and leveraging resources. It is thus further suggested that, while the critical need for sanitation promotion is universally accepted, there is still no consensus on the right approach, and strategy. In addition, the focus has been mainly on innovations, although a few emerging experiences point to possible approaches for accelerated, and large scale implementation to achieve country, or citywide coverage. The report indicates that implementation of this shift in sanitation policy at scale, can be achieved in practice by evolving an appropriate public finance strategy, that supports sanitation promotion, and focuses on leveraging resources. There are six critical elements that require attention in its design: consensus building on approach; clarity in institutional mandates; sources and allocation of financial resources; 'fundable activities' and financing mechanisms; addressing tradeoffs in public allocation; and, monitoring and continuous feedback. Key challenges are: institutional fragmentation, trade-offs in the allocation of public resources, and, long-term commitment.
Stereo Matching on Objects with Fractional Boundary (2007)

Conventional stereo matching algorithms assume color constancy on the corresponding opaque pixels in the stereo images. However, when the foreground objects with fractional boundary are blended to the scene behind using unknown alpha values, due to the spatially varying disparities for different layers, the color constancy does not hold any more. In this paper, we address the fractional stereo matching problem. A probability framework is introduced to establish the correspondences of pixel colors, disparities, and alpha values in different layers. We propose an automatic optimization method to solve a Maximum a posteriori (MAP) problem using Expectation-Maximization (EM), given the input of only a narrow-band stereo image pair. Our method naturally encodes pixel occlusion in the formulation of layer blending without a special detection process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method using difficult stereo images.
Natural Strain Variation and Antibody Neutralization of Dengue Serotype 3 Viruses (2021)

Dengue viruses (DENVs) are emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses which cause dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The DENV complex consists of 4 serotypes designated DENV1-DENV4. Following natural infection with DENV, individuals develop serotype specific, neutralizing antibody responses. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used to map neutralizing epitopes on dengue and other flaviviruses. Most serotype-specific, neutralizing MAbs bind to the lateral ridge of domain III of E protein (EDIII). It has been widely assumed that the EDIII lateral ridge epitope is conserved within each DENV serotype and a good target for vaccines. Using phylogenetic methods, we compared the amino acid sequence of 175 E proteins representing the different genotypes of DENV3 and identified a panel of surface exposed amino acids, including residues in EDIII, that are highly variant across the four DENV3 genotypes. The variable amino acids include six residues at the lateral ridge of EDIII. We used a panel of DENV3 mouse MAbs to assess the functional significance of naturally occurring amino acid variation. From the panel of antibodies, we identified three neutralizing MAbs that bound to EDIII of DENV3. Recombinant proteins and naturally occurring variant viruses were used to map the binding sites of the three MAbs. The three MAbs bound to overlapping but distinct epitopes on EDIII. Our empirical studies clearly demonstrate that the antibody binding and neutralization capacity of two MAbs was strongly influenced by naturally occurring mutations in DENV3. Our data demonstrate that the lateral ridge “type specific” epitope is not conserved between strains of DENV3. This variability should be considered when designing and evaluating DENV vaccines, especially those targeting EDIII.
[Gene expression profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in China]. (2007)

Gene expression profiling indicates that DLBCL can be subgrouped at the molecular level and can be identified by immunophenotyping. The gene expression profile of Group B lymphomas suggests that factors other than the cell-of-origin may contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL.
Stratified Treatment in Lung Cancer (2016)

Even though great efforts have been made to improve chemotherapy-based treatment approaches for lung cancer, the prognosis of patients with advanced and metastasized disease remains particularly poor. In recent years, a growing number of genetic aberrations driving lung cancer have been identified. Targeted inhibition of some of these aberrations, most prominently mutated EGFR and ALK, by tyrosine kinase inhibitors has dramatically increased efficacy and tolerability of systemic lung cancer treatment in subsets of patients. However, the duration of response is limited due to the acquisition of molecular mechanisms of resistance to targeted treatment. Modern next-generation inhibitors aim to break resistance. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of treatment failure is imperative to the development of new approaches. In this review, we focus on the current status of stratified therapy in lung cancer and highlight new, potentially promising treatment approaches.
Protocol Design for Enabling Full-Duplex Operation in Next-Generation IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2017)

Full-duplex (FD) technology is under consideration for adoption in various legacy communications standards. The IEEE 802.11ax working group has been considering a simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) mode for the next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs). Enabling STR mode (FD communication mode) in 802.11 networks creates bidirectional FD (BFD) and unidirectional FD (UFD) links. The key challenge is to integrate STR mode with minimal protocol modifications, while accounting for the coexistence of FD and legacy half-duplex (HD) stations (STAs) and backward compatibility. This paper proposes a simple and practical approach to enable STR mode in 802.11 networks while explicitly accounting for the peculiarities of BFD and UFD links along with the coexistence of FD and HD STAs. Key aspects of the proposed solution include FD capability discovery, handshake mechanism for channel access, node selection for UFD, adaptive acknowledgment timeout, and contention unfairness mitigation. A comprehensive analytical model has been developed to evaluate the gain of STR. Performance evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed solution in realizing the gains of FD technology for next-generation WLANs.