gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant Electroresistance in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (2005)

The interplay between the electron transport in metal-ferroelectric-metal junctions with ultrathin ferroelectric barriers and the polarization state of a barrier is investigated. Using a model which takes into account screening of polarization charges in metallic electrodes and direct quantum tunneling across a ferroelectric barrier, we calculate the change in the tunneling conductance associated with the polarization switching. We find the conductance change of a few orders of magnitude for metallic electrodes with significantly different screening lengths. This giant electroresistance effect is the consequence of a different potential profile seen by transport electrons for the two opposite polarization orientations.
Nutritional frailty, sarcopenia and falls in the elderly (2003)

The definition of frailty has been centered around the onset of accelerated weight loss with an associated decrease of mass and strength of skeletal muscle. New studies are discussed that extend this definition. Methods for a more detailed analysis of the physiological and metabolic deficits leading to falls in the elderly may provide a better understanding of frailty in general.
Clearance Control of a Mechanical Face Seal (1999)

Seal clearance control is an advancement in noncontacting mechanical face seal operation because seal clearance variation caused by process disturbances may cause either severe face contact or excessive leakage, each of which is regarded as seal failure. The objective of this research is to control the seal clearance at a desired value overcoming operation disturbances, including variations in shaft speed and sealed fluid pressure. A flexibly mounted rotor (FMR) noncontacting mechanical face seal test rig is used in this study. The clearance control concept is to adjust the closing force that acts upon the flexibly mounted rotor. The seal clearance is measured by an eddy current proximity probe. The seal axial dynamic model is experimentally determined for the design of a proportional-integral (PI) controller with anti-windup. The controller is then applied to the test seal. Results show that the controlled seal maintains or follows set-point clearance changes with and without disturbances in sealed water pressure and shaft speed. The controlled seal is shown to respond quickly (having a small time constant) with a small control effort.
Cannabinoids and Neuroprotection in Global and Focal Cerebral Ischemia and in Neuronal Cultures (1999)

Marijuana and related drugs (cannabinoids) have been proposed as treatments for a widening spectrum of medical disorders. R(+)-[2, 3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1, 4-benzoxazin-yl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate (R(+)-WIN 55212-2), a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, decreased hippocampal neuronal loss after transient global cerebral ischemia and reduced infarct volume after permanent focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The less active enantiomer S(-)-WIN 55212-3 was ineffective, and the protective effect of R(+)-WIN 55212-2 was blocked by the specific central cannabinoid (CB1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-hydrochloride. R(+)-WIN 55212-2 also protected cultured cerebral cortical neurons from in vitro hypoxia and glucose deprivation, but in contrast to the receptor-mediated neuroprotection observed in vivo, this in vitro effect was not stereoselective and was insensitive to CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. Cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential in disorders resulting from cerebral ischemia, including stroke, and may protect neurons from injury through a variety of mechanisms.
A 695 pW standby power optical wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes (2012)

We propose an ultra-low power optical wake-up receiver with a novel front-end circuit and communication scheme suitable for miniature wireless sensor node applications. Named “FLOW” for Free-space Low-Power Optical Wake-up, the receiver consumes 695pW in standby mode, which is ~6,000× lower than previously reported RF and ultrasound wake-up radios. In active mode, it consumes 140pJ/bit at 91bps. A pulse width modulated communication encoding scheme is used, and chip-ID masking enables selective batch-programming and synchronization of multiple sensor nodes.
Lipopolysaccharide induces in macrophages the synthesis of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and suppresses signal transduction in response to the activating factor IFN-gamma. (1999)

The goal of this study was to investigate how bacterial LPS affects macrophage responsiveness to the activating factor IFN-gamma. Pretreatment of macrophages with LPS for <2 h increased the transcriptional response to IFN-gamma. In contrast, simultaneous stimulation with IFN-gamma and LPS, or pretreatment with LPS for >4 h, suppressed Stat1 tyrosine 701 phosphorylation, dimerization, and transcriptional activity in response to IFN-gamma. Consistently, the induction of MHCII protein by IFN-gamma was antagonized by LPS pretreatment. Neutralizing Abs to IL-10 were without effect on LPS-mediated suppression of Stat1 activation. Decreased IFN-gamma signal transduction after LPS treatment corresponded to a direct induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling3 (SOCS3) mRNA and protein. Under the same conditions socs1, socs2, and cis genes were not transcribed. In transfection assays, SOCS3 was found to suppress the transcriptional response of macrophages to IFN-gamma. A causal link of decreased IFN-gamma signaling to SOCS3 induction was also suggested by the LPS-dependent reduction of IFN-gamma-mediated Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) activation. Further consistent with inhibitory activity of SOCS3, LPS also inhibited the JAK2-dependent activation of Stat5 by GM-CSF. Our results thus link the deactivating effect of chronic LPS exposure on macrophages with its ability to induce SOCS3.
A Comparative Study of Oral and Vaginal Misoprostol Administration in Mid-trimester Pregnancy Termination. (2004)

Objective : To compare the effectiveness of oral misoprostol with vaginal misoprostol administration in mid-trimester pregnancy termination after pretreatment with serial laminarias tenting. Methods : This study was made in 50 patients for mid-trimester pregnancy termination at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonbuk National University Hospital from January 1999 through December 2002. Twenty five women received misoprostol orally in a dose of 200 g every hour for 3 doses followed by 400 g every 4 hours after serial laminarias tenting. Twenty five women received misoprostol vaginally in a dose of 400 g every 4 hours after serial laminarias tenting. Side effects of drug, induction to delivery interval, delivery numbers within 24 hours, curettage numbers for retained placenta, and the length of hospital stay were compared. Results : The mean time of induction to delivery interval was significantly shorter in the vaginal group (15.512.7 vs 24.214.3 hours, p13.1 vs 47.214.5 hours, p
RESTful SPARQL? You name it! (2009)

SPARQL is the standard query language for RDF, but currently is a read-only language defined in a way similar to SQL: Queries can be formulated, are submitted to a single processing facility, which then returns a result set. In this paper, we examine the shortcomings of this approach with regard to Web architecture, and propose a path towards a language that is more in line with basic principles of Web architecture. While this work has been done in the context of a proposed update extension for SPARQL, our focus is on how to apply the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST) to SPARQL. Our claim is that a RESTful redesign of SPARQL allows the Semantic Web to evolve in a more decentralized and openly accessible way than the current RPC-style design of SPARQL.
Making a Middle Class: Colleges and Cities in the Mountain West (2019)

A stronger middle class is important for the economic and political future of both cities and nations. Analyses focusing on the size of the middle class can be misleading, providing information on income inequality or temporary economic conditions. More important than the size of the middle class is the quality of life of the middle class. Higher education can serve students from middle-class backgrounds, helping them sustain a middle-class standard of living and rise up the economic ladder, as well as providing “on ramps” to the middle class for those from low-income backgrounds. We show that middle class wage earners bore the brunt of the Great Recession in Las Vegas. Using a new metric of mobility based on data from Opportunity Insights (formerly the Equality of Opportunity Project), we also examine the contribution of colleges in the Mountain West to serving and strengthening the middle class.
Metal Mobilization in Home Well Water Systems in Nova Scotia (1985)

A study of private wells in rural Nova Scotia found that concentrations of metals such as cadmium, zinc, copper, and lead increased in water that remained in the distribution system overnight. Some 50 percent of the homes studied exceeded Canada's recommended 1.0‐mg/L maximum permissible limit for copper and 20 percent exceeded the 0.05‐mg/L limit for lead. Metal mobilization was observed in all four of the communities studied, regardless of differences in well water chemistry. Significant leaching was observed in water of high pH and hardness. Four indexes commonly used to assess the corrosive tendency of a water did not accurately predict the metal leaching that could occur in a given water.
Purification and properties of dimethyl sulphoxide reductase from <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i>. A periplasmic molybdoenzyme (1991)

Dimethyl sulphoxide reductase was purified from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. The enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide of Mr 82,000 and contains a pterin-type molybdenum cofactor as the only detectable prosthetic group. The oxidized molybdenum cofactor of dimethyl sulphoxide reductase is a weak chromophore and exhibits broad absorption bands in the u.v.-visible-absorption spectral region. A distinct spectrum was generated upon addition of dithionite.
GPS tracking of intermodal transportation: System integration with delivery order system (2009)

TMO Global Logistics currently provides cargo tracking services that rely on clients calling the TMO office to request estimated time of arrivals (ETAs) and TMO employees calling shipping dispatchers to find current cargo locations and relaying experience-based ETAs to the client. For TMO, minimizing the resources (dollars, man-hours, data storage space, and bandwidth) spent accepting ETA requests, calculating ETAs, and relaying results can free those resources for use on other tasks. At the same time, if TMO can provide its clients with more accurate ETAs retrievable in less time, relative to competitors, the firm stands to gain significant market share as a result of these attractive services.
Identification and characterization of the ICP22 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 (1994)

The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP22 is differently expressed from the fourth open reading frame of the inverted repeat (IR4) as a 1.4-kb early mRNA and a 1.7-kb late mRNA which are 3' coterminal (V. R. Holden, R. R. Yalamanchili, R. N. Harty, and D. J. O'Callaghan, J. Virol. 66:664-673, 1992). To extend the characterization of IR4 at the protein level, the synthesis and intracellular localization of the IR4 protein were investigated. Antiserum raised against either a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 270 to 286 or against a TrpE-IR4 fusion protein (IR4 residues 13 to 150) was used to identify the IR4 protein. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that IR4 is expressed abundantly from an open reading frame composed of 293 codons as a family of proteins that migrate between 42 to 47 kDa. The intracellular localization of IR4 was examined by cell fractionation, indirect immunofluorescence, and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. These studies revealed that IR4 is localized predominantly in the nucleus and is dispersed uniformly throughout the nucleus. Interestingly, when IR4 is expressed transiently in COS-1 or LTK- cells, a punctate staining pattern within the nucleus is observed by indirect immunofluorescence. Cells transfected with an IR4 mutant construct that encodes a C-terminal truncated (19 amino acids) IR4 protein exhibited greatly reduced intranuclear accumulation of the IR4 protein, indicating that this domain possesses an important intranuclear localization signal. Western blot analysis of EHV-1 virion proteins revealed that IR4 proteins are structural components of the virions. Surprisingly, the 42-kDa species, which is the least abundant and the least modified form of the IR4 protein family in infected cell extracts, was the most abundant IR4 protein present in purified virions.
Regulation of human auto- and alloreactive T cells by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)–producing dendritic cells: too much ado about IDO? (2004)

Although dendritic cells (DCs) strongly stimulate the immune response, they can also induce unresponsiveness. Recently, a human monocyte-derived DC subpopulation was described that constitutively expresses indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). These DCs were defined as nonadherent CD123+/CC chemokine receptor 6+ (CCR6+) cells that suppress the allogeneic T-cell response. In the present study, we generated nonadherent, mature DCs from human blood monocytes. As expected, in addition to the classic markers, these cells expressed CD123 and CCR6. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), however, did not show IDO gene transcription, nor did we detect enzymatic IDO activity. Treating the cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in significant IDO production. Subsequently, we studied the regulatory properties of IDO-producing DCs on autologous and allogeneic T-cell responses. Neither OKT3-stimulated T cells of healthy donors nor myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were suppressed by autologous IDO DCs. However, whereas IDO(neg) DCs supported further stimulation of preactivated MBP-specific T cells of an MS patient, IDO(pos) DCs had lost this capacity. The allogeneic T-cell response was only marginally suppressed by IDO DCs. Our findings show that nonadherent CD123+/CCR6+ human DCs do not constitutively express IDO, and, even if they express the enzyme after IFN-gamma treatment, they possess only limited T-cell regulatory function.
A parallel x-y manipulator with actuation redundancy for high-speed and active-stiffness applications (2002)

A 2-DOF parallel manipulator with actuation redundancy is examined for high-speed and stiffness-controlled operation. Advantages of actuation redundancy are outlined. The kinematics and singularity-free workspace of the manipulator are presented together with a force transmission analysis. Finally, a novel control scheme that guarantees a lower bound of the end-effector stiffness (LBSC) is presented. Simulation results are compared with a traditional control scheme for high-speed applications using the minimal 2-norm of actuator torques.
Expression and purification of vesicular stomatitis virus N-P complex from Escherichia coli: role in genome RNA transcription and replication in vitro (1997)

The nucleocapsid protein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Indiana serotype, were coexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by using the expression vector pET-3a. The coexpression resulted in the formation of N-P complex. The purified N-P complex was found to inhibit transcription in vitro mediated by viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in a dose-dependent manner. However, addition of uninfected mammalian cell extracts together with the N-P complex to the transcribing RNP resulted in the synthesis of full-length negative-strand genome RNA. These results indicate that the N-P complex regulated transcription and a cellular factor(s) in combination with the N-P complex may switch the RNA polymerase from transcription to replication mode.
Novel configuration of finite-impulse-response filters tolerant to carrier-phase fluctuations in digital coherent optical receivers for higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation signals (2012)

We propose a novel configuration of the finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter adapted by the phase-dependent decision-directed least-mean-square (DD-LMS) algorithm in digital coherent optical receivers. Since fast carrier-phase fluctuations are removed from the error signal which updates tap coefficients of the FIR filter, we can achieve stable adaptation of filter-tap coefficients for higher-order quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. Computer simulations show that our proposed scheme is much more tolerant to the phase noise and the frequency offset than the conventional DD-LMS scheme. Such theoretical predictions are also validated experimentally by using a 10-Gsymbol/s dual-polarization 16-QAM signal.
REACTION TIME OF DRIVERS TO ROAD STIMULI (1982)

The assumption of a reaction time value for drivers responding to road situations is fundamental for the design requirements involving sight distance, in particular for vertical and horizontal curves. This response time is frequently referred to as the &quot;perception-reaction time &quot; in traffic engineering literature. Previous attempts to estimate an appropriate value for this time are discussed, along with other relevant laboratory and field reaction time literature. It is suggested that the procedures used have generally been deficient on one of several grounds. The majority of studies have used briefed subjects in an experimental situation. The duration of various processing stages have generally been arrived at by a subtractive technique. Responses have usually been assumed to be the result of speeded processes. Within single studies, the stimulus situations examined have typically been limited. The requirement for unobtrusive observational techniques is stressed so that reaction time estimates can be obtained that are representative of real world performance. This approach was used in the study reported here to obtain data for a range of eliciting stimuli. The salience of the stimulus type was estimated by the driver response rate and form of response distribution. Vehicle speed was observed for some situations, so as to allow an assessment to
Effect of Dietary Protein Supplements on Calcium Excretion in Healthy Older Men and Women (2004)

Currently there is no consensus on the impact of dietary protein on calcium and bone metabolism. This study was conducted to examine the effect of increasing protein intake on urinary calcium excretion and to compare circulating levels of IGF-I and biochemical markers of bone turnover in healthy older men and women who consumed either a high or a low protein food supplement for 9 wk. Thirty-two subjects with usual protein intakes of less than 0.85 g/kg.d were randomly assigned to daily high (0.75 g/kg) or low (0.04 g/kg) protein supplement groups. Isocaloric diets were maintained by advising subjects to reduce their intake of carbohydrates. Selected biochemical measurements were made at baseline and on d 35 and either d 49 or 63. Changes in urinary calcium excretion in the two groups did not differ significantly over the course of the study. The high protein group had significantly higher levels of serum IGF-I (P = 0.008) and lower levels of urinary N-telopeptide (P = 0.038) over the period of d 35-49 or 63. We conclude that increasing protein intake from 0.78 to 1.55 g/kg.d with meat supplements in combination with reducing carbohydrate intake did not alter urine calcium excretion, but was associated with higher circulating levels of IGF-I, a bone growth factor, and lowered levels of urinary N-telopeptide, a marker of bone resorption. In contrast to the widely held belief that increased protein intake results in calcium wasting, meat supplements, when exchanged isocalorically for carbohydrates, may have a favorable impact on the skeleton in healthy older men and women.
A Modified List Technique Allowing Binary Search (1974)

A modification of linked lists is presented which permits searching almost as efficiently as a pure binary search. The method depends on using consecutive memory locations for consecutive list elements whenever possible.
The toxicity of metals used in orthopaedic prostheses. An experimental study using cultured human synovial fibroblasts (1981)

Some of the component metals of the alloys used for total joint prostheses are toxic and dissolve in the body fluids. It is important to establish how toxic these metals are and to assess the risk of localised tissue necrosis around the prostheses. This has been investigated by incubating primary monolayer cultures of human synovial fibroblasts with various preparations of metals for periods up to 18 days. Morphological changes were evident after exposure to cobalt chloride at a concentration of 50 nanomoles per millilitre and to nickel chloride at 200 nanomoles per millilitre. Chromic chloride, ammonium molybdate and ferric chloride produced no changes up to 500 nanomoles per millilitre. Cultures exposed to particulate pure metals were poisoned by cobalt and vanadium but were not affected under the same conditions by nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium or aluminium. Particulate cobalt and vanadium were probably toxic due to their relatively high solubility (four and one micromoles per millilitre respectively after seven days incubation). Particulate nickel also dissolved (three nanomoles per millilitre after seven days) but not in sufficient quantities to be toxic. It appears, therefore, that potentially the most harmful components are cobalt from cobalt-chromium alloy, nickel from stainless steel, and vanadium from titanium alloy. As far as can be estimated, the only combination of materials which is likely to give rise to toxic levels of metal under clinical conditions, is cobalt-chromium alloy articulating against itself to produce relatively high levels of cobalt.
Impact of bridge-saturation on anisotropy-based initial rotor polarity detection of interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (2016)

Anisotropy-based initial rotor polarity detection of interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) relies typically on the saturation in the stator iron. The current response to a voltage pulse into the north pole (d+) direction of the magnet should be higher in magnitude than into the opposite direction because of increased stator saturation. However, experiments show sometimes an opposite result. The present paper considers the bridge-saturation in the rotor to explain this phenomenon. Finite element (FE) analyses of six modified PMSM models demonstrate that the bridge-saturation decreases, as the flux linkage begins to increase. That leads to an increase of the differential inductance if the stator iron is not strongly saturated. The impact of the machine geometry parameters on the differential inductance is also studied in this paper by means of a sensitivity analysis.