gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bladder cancer: A personal view (2002)

The cytogenetic and molecular genetic aspects that may be involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer are presented. Although anomalies of chromosome 9 may play an initial causative role in this cancer, the subsequent events, involving a succession of genetic changes, are less established or understood. This presentation is a distillation of what generally are considered to be the cytogenetic and molecular genetic events that constitute the array of changes underlying bladder cancer.
Pointing, acquisition and tracking for optical space communications (1994)

Free-space links between satellites provide a means of introducing increased connectivity into a satellite system. This can result in enhanced traffic capacity and extended coverage for telecommunication systems and real-time relay of instrument data to the ground for Earth observation missions. Optical links offer the potential advantages over microwave links of lower mass and power and reduced size so that they can be accommodated more easily on the satellite. However the narrow optical beamwidths involved result in stringent pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) requirements. This paper describes a concept for a compact PAT system which employs a passive antivibration mount to filter out high-frequency disturbances from the satellite. This is under development as part of the ESA-funded Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT) programme. The system concept, hardware implementation, and results of breadboarding critical items are presented.
High frame rate ultrasound imaging using parallel beamforming (2009)

The human heart contracts and relaxes approximately once each second. This is a complex process where different parts of the cardiac tissue contract and relax at different times and at different rates. The accurate evaluation of this deformation with ultrasound requires the use of a high frame rate. The frame rate of a conventional ultrasound image is limited by the round trip propagation time of the sound pulse along each of the scan lines covering the imaged object. A common technique to increase the frame rate is multiple line acquisition, MLA. Using this technique, several scan lines are acquired in parallel for each transmitted pulse. This technique is therefore also called parallel beamforming. Although it increases the frame rate in proportion to the number of parallel beams, this technique also introduces block-like artifacts in the B-mode image. These artifacts severely degrade the image quality, and are especially visible in image sequences (movies). An aim of this thesis is to investigate methods to increase the frame rate using parallel beamforming without introducing such image artifacts.\n\nInvestigations of the mechanisms of MLA image artifacts have shown that the misalignment of the transmit and receive beams causes distortions to the pulse-echo responses. These distortions result in a shift variant imaging system and image artifacts. This thesis is comprised of four papers that document several metrics that have been developed to evaluate the pulse-echo distortions, image artifacts and shift invariance property. Different methods for artifact reduction have been compared and evaluated. The two methods that have been most thoroughly investigated are steering compensation and the synthetic transmit beam method, STB. In the first method, the receive beams are additionally steered to partially avoid the pulse-echo distortion. Applying this method reduced image artifacts under ideal conditions. However, the performance was heavily reduced in realistic scenarios with aberrations. In the STB method, synthetic transmit beams are created in each receive direction through interpolation. This method performed well both with and without aberrations. Additionally, it has been shown that from the same STB acquisition pattern it is also possible to estimate velocities with an accuracy comparable to that of conventional TDI. This enables higher TDI frame rates or a larger field of view compared to conventional TDI, which requires separate acquisitions for B-mode and tissue Doppler.
Tratamiento informativo de la inmigración extranjera en los principales diarios españoles (2010)

La inmigracion extranjera se ha convertido en uno de los rasgos de la actual sociedad espanola. Segun los ultimos datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, 5, 6 millones de extranjeros estan empadronados en Espana, lo que supone el 12% del total de los inscritos. Si a finales de la decada de los noventa, el conjunto de la sociedad espanola acogia positivamente la llegada de esta nueva poblacion; en los ultimos anos distintas encuestas revelan un cambio de tendencia. El discurso de los medios de comunicacion sobre la inmigracion, junto a otros factores que se exponen en este trabajo, explican las actitudes hacia este 
tema. Aun mas si se tiene en cuenta que el efecto de los medios es mayor, aunque no absoluto, en aquellos temas sobre los que se dispone de escasas fuentes alternativas de informacion. Una situacion extensible a gran parte de los asuntos relacionados con los inmigrantes. En este articulo se presentan los resultados de una investigacion sobre la cobertura informativa de este tema en los principales diarios espanoles. Utilizando como metodo de investigacion el analisis de contenido, se han tomado como muestra del tratamiento informativo hacia este hecho las informaciones publicadas en El Pais, El Mundo y ABC. Los datos obtenidos permiten afirmar que de modo general, ademas de presentar la inmigracion como una situacion generadora de conflictos, se advierte una clara alineacion partidista que influye en los discursos sobre uno de los encuadres mas frecuentes en la cobertura informativa sobre la inmigracion: la normativa y legislacion sobre extranjeria.
The identification of T<sub>2</sub>; the phosphate/pyrophosphate transport protein of the hepatic microsomal glucose‐6‐phosphatase system (1988)

The phosphate/pyrophosphate translocase protein (T2) of the hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase system was identified and then purified using antibodies raised against the rat mitochondrial phosphate/hydroxyl ion antiport protein. The T2 protein was shown to be absent in the microsomes isolated from a patient previously diagnosed as having type lc glycogen storage disease.
"Cochlear View" and its application in cochlear implant patients [Abstract] (1994)

Recent advances in multichannel intracochlear implantation have generated interests in correlating individual stimulating electrodes to pitch perception. An appropriate radiographic technique is required to precisely document the location of the implanted intracochlear electrode array. Anatomical studies, including the measurements of the temporal bone using high-resolution CT films and 3D reconstruction from the petrous bone sections, were conducted to define the spatial position of cochlea in the skull. Thus, a "Cochlear View" was designed and introduced for postoperative radiological evaluation of multichannel intracochlear implantation. In this paper, a detailed radiographic method and radiological interpretation of the "Cochlear View" are described. A plain radiograph of the "Cochlear View" was taken of 120 patients who had received the Nucleus multichannel implant. Studies have shown that a plain radiograph of the "Cochlear View" provides sufficient information to correctly evaluate the results of implantation, including the insertion depth and position of individual electrodes. It plays an important role in guiding the management of frequency mapping and acts as a useful reference for further research purposes.
Acetate Recapturing by Nuclear Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 Prevents Loss of Histone Acetylation during Oxygen and Serum Limitation (2017)

Acetyl-CoA is a key metabolic intermediate with an important role in transcriptional regulation. The nuclear-cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) was found to sustain the growth of hypoxic tumor cells. It generates acetyl-CoA from acetate, but exactly which pathways it supports is not fully understood. Here, quantitative analysis of acetate metabolism reveals that ACSS2 fulfills distinct functions depending on its cellular location. Exogenous acetate uptake is controlled by expression of both ACSS2 and the mitochondrial ACSS1, and ACSS2 supports lipogenesis. The mitochondrial and lipogenic demand for two-carbon acetyl units considerably exceeds the uptake of exogenous acetate, leaving it to only sparingly contribute to histone acetylation. Surprisingly, oxygen and serum limitation increase nuclear localization of ACSS2. We find that nuclear ACSS2 recaptures acetate released from histone deacetylation for recycling by histone acetyltransferases. Our work provides evidence for limited equilibration between nuclear and cytosolic acetyl-CoA and demonstrates that ACSS2 retains acetate to maintain histone acetylation.
Clinical evaluation of a side entry access port: a novel dual-lumen venous access device. (1990)

The initial clinical experience with a low-profile side entry access (SEA) dual-lumen implantable venous access port for cancer chemotherapy administration is summarized in this report. The catheter material is polyurethane. The overall experience in 35 patients in this study was a total of 6,224 patient days, with a mean of 178 days per patient. A variety of chemotherapeutic agents, biologic response modifiers, and antibiotics were administered. In 26% of the patients, the device chambers were in simultaneous use during the treatment period. A 6% incidence of clinical subclavian vein thrombosis was noted. There was no infectious complications. Inconsistencies in blood withdrawal and temporary catheter dysfunction were comparable to other access ports in clinical use. The novel design of this side entry port and the catheter material of low thrombogenicity make this device a good option in patients requiring a low-profile system and dual access. Nursing staff should be made aware of the side entry design and that in-service training for accessing the septum is required in centers where such devices are not routinely used.
SELECTIVE N-ALKYLATION OF PRIMARY AMINES WITH CHLOROACETAMIDES UNDER pH-CONTROLLED AQUEOUS CONDITIONS (2002)

ABSTRACT A practical method for selective alkylation of primary amines with chloroacetamides under modified Finkelstein conditions using stoichiometric amounts of sodium iodide in acetonitrile/water is described. An interesting finding in this study was that α-alkylaminoacetamides are less basic than the corresponding primary alkylamines by about 2 pKa units; this necessitated a pH of 12 during alkylation to optimize the monoalkylation selectivity. Depending on the amount of primary amine used, mono : dialkylation selectivities ranged from 2.7 to 10.
Tunable operation of a gain-switched diode laser by nonresonant self-injection seeding (2001)

We report tunable operation of a gain-switched diode laser by nonresonant self-injection seeding from an uncoated glass slide used as an external cavity reflector. A spectral linewidth reduction from 11 to 0.05 nm has been achieved for picosecond pulses with little effect on other laser characteristics. Good agreement with numerical simulations based on a compound-cavity laser model is also reported.
Polymeric Micellar Delivery Systems in Oncology (2008)

The purpose of drug delivery systems in cancer chemotherapy is to achieve selective delivery of anti-cancer agents to cancer tissue at an effective concentrations for the appropriate duration of time, so that we may be able to reduce the adverse effects of a drug and simultaneously enhance the anti-tumor effect. Polymeric micelles were expected to increase the accumulation of drugs in tumor tissues utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention effect and to incorporate various kinds of drugs into the inner core by chemical conjugation or physical entrapment with relatively high stability. The size of the micelles can be controlled within the diameter range of 20-100 nm, to ensure that the micelles do not pass through normal vessel walls; therefore, a reduced incidence of the side effects of the drugs may be expected due to the decreased volume of distribution. There are several anti-cancer agent-incorporated micelle carrier systems under clinical evaluation. Phase 1 studies of a cisplatin-incorporated micelle, NC-6004 and an SN-38-incorporated micelle, NK012, are now underway. A Phase 2 study of a paclitaxel-incorporated micelle, NK105, against stomach cancer is also underway.
Alterations of Brown Adipose Tissue in Genetically Obese (ob/ob) Mice. I. Demonstration of Loss of Metabolic Response to Nerve Stimulation and Catecholamines and Its Partial Recovery after Fasting or Cold Adaptation* (1982)

Metabolic responses to electrical nerve stimulation or norepinephrine of isolated interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) from lean and ob/ob mice were studied using either continuous monitoring of the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) redox state or direct microcalorimetry. The responses to these sympathetic stimuli were not significantly different from zero in BAT of ob/ob mice kept at 22 C and fed ad libitum. The metabolic rate of BAT of lean mice was stimulated 3-fold by norepinephrine. ob/ob mice are hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic; cold adaptation further increased their plasma glucose, and fasting decreased the levels of both glucose and insulin to normal values. Both fasting and cold adaptation at 5 C partially restored the tissue metabolic response of ob/ob mice, whereas a decreased sensitivity was observed in the tissue of lean mice. The results of these experiments are compatible with the hypothesis that the impaired capacity of BAT of ob/ob mice to produce heat could be one of the causes of their high food efficiency and their inability to withstand acute cold exposure.
Human platelet antigens – 2013 (2013)

To date, 33 human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) have been identified on six functionally important platelet glycoprotein (GP) complexes and have been implicated in alloimmune platelet disorders including foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and multitransfusion platelet refractoriness (MPR). The greatest number of recognized HPA (20 of 33) resides on the GPIIb/IIIa complex, which serves as the receptor for ligands important in mediating haemostasis and inflammation. These include HPA-1a, the most commonly implicated HPA in FNAIT and PTP in Caucasian populations. Other platelet GP complexes, GPIb/V/IX, GPIa/IIa and CD109, express the remaining 13 HPAs. Of the recognized HPAs, 12 occur as six serologically and genetically defined biallelic 'systems' where the -a form designates the higher frequency allele and the -b form, the lower. Twenty-one other HPAs are low-frequency or rare antigens for which postulated higher frequency -a alleles have not yet been identified as antibody specificities. In addition to the HPA markers, platelets also express ABO and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antigens; antibodies directed at the former are occasionally important in FNAIT, and to the latter, in MPR.
Lilac: a two-view document editor (1991)

A description is given of Lilac, an experimental document preparation system designed to provide the best of both the WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) and the document compiler approaches. It does this by offering both WYSIWYG editing and language-based document description as two views side by side on the screen. The page view is a WYSIWYG editor showing a close approximation to the printed output. The source view shows a programlike description of the document in a special-purpose language. This language supports subroutines, variables, and conditional execution, and is designed to encourage the use of subroutines to embody structure. Both views are editable, but Lilac is designed with the expectation that most editing will occur in the page view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-power operation of 630 nm-band transverse-mode stabilised AlGaInP laser diodes with current-blocking region near facets (1991)

High-power type AlGaInP laser diodes (λL = 635 nm) with the current-blocking region near the facets have been successfully fabricated for the first time, by MOCVD using the (100) GaAs substrates with a misorientation of 5° towards the (100) direction. The maximum continuous wave output power was achieved with about 33 mW at 20°C. Fundamental transverse-mode operation was obtained up to 20 mW.
Human major group rhinoviruses downmodulate the accessory function of monocytes by inducing IL-10 (1999)

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the predominant cause of the common cold. Although this disease is per se rather harmless, HRV infection is considered to set the stage for more dangerous pathogens in vivo. Here we demonstrate that HRV-14, a member of the major group HRV family, can efficiently inhibit antigen-induced T-cell proliferation and T-cell responses to allogeneic monocytes. HRV-14 triggered a significant downregulation of MHC class II molecules on monocytes. Moreover, supernatants from monocytes cultured in the presence of HRV-14 strongly reduced the allogeneic T-cell stimulatory property of untreated monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (md-DCs), whereas Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells were not sensitive. Analysis of the supernatant revealed that HRV-14 induced the production of significant amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The important T-cell stimulatory cytokine IL-12 or the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta or TNF-alpha were not detected or were only minimally detected. Finally, monocytes pretreated with HRV-14 were greatly inhibited in their production of IL-12 upon stimulation with IFN-gamma/LPS. These observations suggest that altered cytokine production in mononuclear phagocytes upon interaction with HRV downmodulates appropriate immune responses during the viral infection.
Biotin Reagents for Antibody Pretargeting. 4. Selection of Biotin Conjugates for in Vivo Application Based on Their Dissociation Rate from Avidin and Streptavidin (2000)

An investigation was conducted to determine the affect of structural variation of biotin conjugates on their dissociation rates from Av and SAv. This information was sought to help identify optimal biotin derivatives for in vivo applications. Fifteen biotin derivatives were conjugated with a cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl) derivative for evaluation of their "relative" dissociation rates by size exclusion HPLC analysis. Two biotin-CN-Cbl conjugates, one containing unaltered biotin and the other containing iminobiotin, were prepared as reference compounds for comparison purposes. The first structural variations studied involved modification of the biotinamide bond with a N-methyl moiety (i.e., sarcosine conjugate), lengthening the valeric acid side chain by a methylene unit (i.e., homobiotin), and replacing the biotinamide bond with thiourea bonds in two conjugates. The rate of dissociation of the biotin-CN-Cbl derivative from Av and SAv was significantly increased for biotin derivatives containing those structural features. Nine additional biotin conjugates were obtained by coupling amino acids or functional group protected amino acids to the biotin moiety. In the conjugates, the biotin moiety and biotinamide bond were not altered, but substituents of various sizes were introduced alpha to the biotinamide bond. The results obtained from HPLC analyses indicated that the rate of dissociation from Av or SAv was not affected by small substituents alpha to the biotinamide (e.g., methyl, hydroxymethyl, and carboxylate groups), but was significantly increased when larger functional groups were present. On the basis of the results obtained, it appears that biotin conjugates which retain an unmodified biotin moiety and have a linker molecule conjugated to it that has a small functional group (e.g., hydroxymethylene or carboxylate) alpha to the biotinamide bond are excellent candidates for in vivo applications. These structural features are obtained in the biotin amino acid conjugates: biotin-serine, biotin-aspartate, biotin-lysine, and biotin-cysteine. Importantly, these biotin derivatives can be readily conjugated with other molecules for specific in vivo applications. In our studies, these derivatives will be used in the design of new biotin conjugates to carry radionuclides for cancer therapy using the pretargeting approach.
HW/SW partitioning for region-based dynamic partial reconfigurable FPGAs (2014)

With dynamic partial reconfigurable (DPR) capability, an FPGA fabric is no longer static; some of its regions can be dynamically reused for different tasks. Hence current software/hardware (HW/SW) partitioning approaches are no longer applicable to such reconfigurable hardware. This paper incorporates reconfiguration optimization into HW/SW partitioning targeting advanced region-based DPR design flow. Instead of analyzing the tasks for each time step, we introduce a new task graph representation with additional reconfiguration nodes so that the HW/SW partitioning for region-based DPR designs can be optimally solved efficiently by a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. Experimental results show that our approach can obtain the optimal solutions 10 times faster than the current time-step based approach. For large designs which cannot be handled by the current approaches, our approach can achieve the optimum efficiently in reasonable runtime.
Healing Potential of Surgically‐Induced Periodontal Osseous Defects in Animals Using Mineralized Collagen Gel Xenografts (1981)

This experiment tested the capacity of a calf-skin collagen-mineral gel to induce bone regeneration within surgically-created periodontal defects in one dog and four monkeys. No bone regeneration occurred within 8 to 14 weeks. Healing primarily consisted of soft connective tissue formation and re-epithelialization. Notched defects on root surfaces did not repair with cementum and were always foci of inflammation.
Balance Abilities of Homebound Older Adults Classified as Fallers and Nonfallers (2003)

Purpose: Balance instability and falling are not well documented in homebound older adults.This study examined balance, falls, and related variables in older adults primarily confined to their homes. Subjects: Thirty older adults between the ages of 66 and 99 years participated. Fifteen were classified as fallers and 15 classified as nonfallers. Methods: Subjects were assessed on the Berg Balance Test (BBT) and measures of fear of falling and activity levels. The number of environmental hazards in their homes that could contribute to falls was recorded. Results: Mean scores for the fallers and nonfallers were similar on the BBT (36.5 vs 35.7), Falls Efficacy Scale (16.8 vs 14.7), and Tinetti Activity Index (4.5 vs 4.9). A cut-off score on the BBT of ≤ 45 yielded a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 40%, and a predictive value of 50% for determining fall risk. Conclusion: On the basis of BBT scores, homebound older adults receiving therapy services should be considered at risk of falling regardless of 6-month fall history. These homebound individuals may be at higher risk of falling because their current health and medical condition precipitated the need for home care physical therapy.The BBT and screening for environmental hazards should be a standard part of all assessments for older adults using home care services.