gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MantisBot: Design and impedance control of supernumerary robotic limbs for near-ground work (2017)

A novel wearable robotic device is developed to support the wearer when performing bi-manual tasks near the ground. The device is worn around the upper torso and has two Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SRLs) that reach the ground when the wearer assumes a crawling-like position, such that neither of the wearer's natural arms are needed to support the body. Rather, both human hands can be engaged in executing a required task. Coordinating actuators at both robotic limbs, the wearer's body is supported stably with a desired impedance. As the wearer moves away from an equilibrium position, restoring forces designated by the impedance act on the wearer. First, the design concept of the SRLs for near-ground work is described, followed by a derivation of the control laws used to produce virtual impedance. A proof-of-concept prototype is then presented along with experimental verification of the derived control laws.
Intermolecular Energy Transfer from Excited Organic Compounds to Rare-Earth Ions in Dilute Solutions (1965)

Population of luminescent levels of rare-earth ions in solution has been accomplished through energy transfer from excited, nonchelated organic molecules. Twenty-one aromatic aldehydes and ketones have been shown to be capable of transferring energy to Tb3+ or to Eu3+. It is suggested that a diffusion-controlled process is necessary for transfer and the lowest triplet state of the organic excites the ion. Possible applications as laser materials are briefly considered.
Effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR engagement on melanoma cells (2011)

Melanoma cells often display constitutive expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules which is associated with a higher metastatic dissemination. The MHC class II molecules during T cell/ professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions are localized, as signalling receptors, into membrane lipid rafts which are thought to be sites of signalling complex assembly. Therefore, with the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms used by melanoma cells to frustrate an effective anti-tumour response we stimulated a MHC class II constitutive expressing melanoma cell line with a specific antibody that mimics the interaction of T-cell receptor (TCR) with class II molecules. In stimulated melanoma cells we showed through Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments the recruitment of HLA-DR molecules in lipid raft compartments as well as the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activations as a consequence of the class II engagement. Furthermore, we showed that SDS-stable HLA-DR-peptide complexes are recruited in lipid rafts of stimulated melanoma cells. Therefore, in light of the results reported, our hypothesis is that the redistribution of class II molecules into lipid raft microdomains of stimulated melanoma cells as well as the associated activation of signalling pathways, could be useful for melanoma cells to frustrate an effective anti-tumour response.
Analysis of human lung morphometric data for stochastic aerosol deposition calculations (1985)

A stochastic lung model is proposed for aerosol deposition calculations. Airway geometry is selected randomly to reflect intrasubject variations in the human airway system. This may also be adjusted to take intersubject variations into account. The statistical analysis of the human airway geometry used is based on morphometric data measured at the Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute. Average values and distributions of airway diameters and lengths, distributions of branching angles and criteria for termination of the pathway (when the alveolar region is reached) are presented. Correlations between the cross sections of tubes of succeeding generations and those between diameters and lengths of the same generation are also given.
A table based bias and temperature dependent small signal and noise equivalent circuit model (2002)

A new algorithm is presented for construction of an accurate table-based bias and temperature dependent FET small-signal and noise model. The algorithm provides orders of magnitude data reduction over the alternate approach of storing multiple S-parameter and noise parameter data files (to represent different bias and temperature conditions). The algorithm performs 2-D linear interpolation on a single stored data table to quickly produce accurate bias and temperature dependent model simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Celiac Disease Histopathology Recapitulates Hedgehog Downregulation, Consistent with Wound Healing Processes Activation (2015)

Our data suggest that acute CD histopathology partially recapitulates the phenotype reported in Hh knockdown models. Specifically, Hh/BMP4 paradigm appears to be decoupled in CD, as the expansion of the immature cell population does not occur consequent to downregulation of BMP4. Instead, we provide evidence that upregulation of BMP antagonists play a key role in intestinal crypt hyperplasia. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying CD histopathology and the limitations in the use of mouse models for celiac disease.
"El parque de animales y el cerdo de dinero": Calcos y otras estrategias compensatorias en dos tipos de enseñanza bilingüe finés-español (2016)

This article analyzes compensatory communicative strategies produced in Spanish by Spanish-Finnish bilingual students from two types of bilingual education. The data collection took place in two different periods: 29 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 10 participated to the first phase, while there were 24 in the second, aged between 10 and 12. Bilingual students use compensatory strategies such as reconceptualization, substitution and substitution plus, in order to fill lexical gaps. The study found substitution compensatory strategies, mainly as all purpose words, loans / code switching, and semantic approaches. Also circumlocutions and calques should be noticed, because of the high number of occurrences found. The strategies were analyzed according the total number, the number of produced words, to the evolution by degree, depending on the type of task and school provenance. The results show how the compensatory strategies decrease over time, that is, according to the grade studied. Likewise, the direct relationship between more competency and fewer strategies is clear.<br />
Ethical Issues in Trialing and Using a Cocaine Vaccine to Treat and Prevent Cocaine Dependence (2002)

Executive Summary Extract: Cocaine dependence is a serious personal and public health issue in some developedcountries and is becoming one in some developing countries. It is difficult to treatbecause of the modest effectiveness of existing psychosocial and pharmacologicaltreatments.A cocaine vaccine acts on cocaine molecules in the bloodstream to substantiallyreduce the amount of cocaine that crosses the blood-brain barrier to act on receptors inthe brain. It involves administering a complex molecule of cocaine and immunogenicproteins which induces the formation of antibodies that bind to cocaine and itspsychoactive metabolites. These molecular complexes are too large to cross theblood-brain barrier and so prevent cocaine from reaching the brain.They are two other types of Peripheral Cocaine Blocking Agent (PCBA) that act insimilar ways to a cocaine vaccine. A second type of PCBA increases the amount orthe level of activity of naturally occurring enzymes that metabolise cocaine in theblood and liver. Any cocaine that is administered while these enzymes are present inthe blood is metabolised before it reaches the brain. The third type of PCBA involvesusing a cocaine-protein complex to induce an antibody to cocaine that accelerates themetabolism of cocaine in plasma, thereby reducing the amount of cocaine that crossesthe blood-brain barrier (Authors).
Open Letter to Science Teachers: Look Out for Secondary Science Teachers! (1971)

Elementary science teaching in Iowa is takin on a new image. Already some of the students in junior high school are the product of this revolution in elementary science teaching.
α-Amido Sulfones as Stable Precursors of Reactive<i>N-</i>Acylimino Derivatives (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTα-Amido Sulfones as Stable Precursors of Reactive N-Acylimino DerivativesMarino PetriniView Author Information Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino, 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 11, 3949–3977Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2005Publication History Received12 May 2005Published online5 October 2005Published inissue 1 November 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050528shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050528sresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3898Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adducts,Organic compounds,Reaction products,Reagents,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Modification of the catalytic subunit of bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase with affinity labels related to peptide substrates. (1982)

The modification and concomitant inactivation of the catalytic subunit of bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase with affinity analogs of peptide substrates potentially capable of undergoing disulfide interchange with enzyme-bound sulfhydryl groups have been used to probe the active site associated with peptide binding. The regeneration of catalytic activity on treatment of the modified enzymes with dithiothreitol and the observation that prior reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) blocks the modification of the kinase by these reagents are consistent with the proposal that only thiol residues are reacting. The affinity analog Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Cys(3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl)-Leu-Gly, 1, and the closely related peptide AcLeu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Cys(3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl)-Leu-Gly-OEt, 3, react with a single sulfhydryl as shown by the stoichiometry of the release of the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl group and the amount of label incorporated in the enzyme when the radioactively labeled peptide analog of 3 (peptide 4) is employed as the modifying agent. The kinetics of the reaction of 1 with 4.3 microM catalytic subunit was monophasic (employing substrate in excess conditions), yielding an apparent value of KI of approximately 40 microM and a k2 value of approximately 0.25 s-1. The low value of the observed KI, together with the observation that protein kinase substrates inhibit the modification reactions, suggest strongly that the cysteine residue undergoing reaction is in the vicinity of the active site. By trypsin-catalyzed degradation and identification of the peptide segment modified by covalent attachment of the peptide portion of the radioactive analog 4, the single cysteine modified was identified as cysteine-198.
<title>Influence of the light-induced molecular transformations on the helix pitch and lasing spectra of cholesteric liquid crystals</title> (2004)

A new possible method of frequency tuning of the distributed feedback laser (DFB) based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) is investigated. In this method the active media is irradiated with UV light to stimulate photo-transformation of the molecules of chiral dopant. This transformation changes twisting power of chiral dopant and, as results, the position of the reflection band of CLC. Based on this principle, fluent and reversable frequency tuning of the lasing irradiation of DFB-laser is realized.
“Living” radical polymerizations of vinyl monomers initiated by aged “Cr2++ BPO” in homogeneous solution (1978)

Monomer is added to chromium(II) acetate (Cr2+) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) previously treated at 10°C in dimethylformamide (DMF)(the ageing process), and polymerizations are performed. It is found that the degree of polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) obtained at 30°C or below increases with an increase in monomer conversion and the single peak of a molecular weight distribution curve shifts with monomer conversion. These results suggest that a “living” polymerization occurs in the homogeneous polymerization of MMA initiated by the aged “Cr2++ BPO” system.The polymerizations of various vinyl monomers with this initiator system are carried out at 25°C. The polymerization activity is relatively high for MMA, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and acrylamide but low for styrene, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride. The molecular weights of polyacrylonitrile and poly(methyl acrylate) also increase with the monomer conversion.By copolymerizing MMA with acrylonitrile, it is found that polymerizations with aged “Cr2++ BPO” proceed via a free radical intermediate. The polymerization rates (Rp) of MMA at 25 and 30°C are expressed by the following relation, Rp= const.[aged “Cr2++BPO”]0.7–1.0[MMA].The mechanism of a “living” radical polymerization is discussed in terms of a transition metal complex with free radicals.
XeCl laser-induced fluorescence of atherosclerotic arteries. Spectral similarities between lipid-rich lesions and peroxidized lipoproteins. (1993)

Autofluorescence spectroscopy of arterial surfaces provides information about the distribution and composition of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of the study was to determine whether accumulation of peroxidized lipoproteins in arterial walls, a process postulated to play a role in initiating atherosclerotic changes, can be demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy. XeCl excimer laser (308 nm)-induced fluorescence of human aortas containing early lipid-rich noncollagenous lesions exhibited marked red shifts and broadening of the fluorescence spectra compared with spectra from nonatherosclerotic aortas. Similar profiles were observed in spectra obtained from oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein but not native low density lipoprotein. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits with early foam cell lesions, spectral shifts resembled those of oxidized beta-very low density lipoprotein, the major lipoprotein accumulating in arteries of rabbits fed cholesterol. XeCl laser-fluorescence spectroscopy of arterial surfaces may be useful for the identification of arteries accumulating modified lipoproteins (oxidized low density lipoprotein), a chemical change indicative of atherosclerosis in its early and probably reversible stages.
Majorana fermions in a topological-insulator nanowire proximity-coupled to an<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave superconductor (2011)

A finite-length topological-insulator nanowire, proximity-coupled to an ordinary bulk $s$-wave superconductor and subject to a longitudinal applied magnetic field, is shown to realize a one-dimensional topological superconductor with unpaired Majorana fermions localized at both ends. This situation occurs under a wide range of conditions and constitutes an easily accessible physical realization of the elusive Majorana particle in a solid-state system.
Engineering modular and orthogonal genetic logic gates for robust digital-like synthetic biology (2011)

Modular and orthogonal genetic logic gates are essential for building robust biologically based digital devices to customize cell signalling in synthetic biology. Here we constructed an orthogonal AND gate in Escherichia coli using a novel hetero-regulation module from Pseudomonas syringae. The device comprises two co-activating genes hrpR and hrpS controlled by separate promoter inputs, and a σ(54)-dependent hrpL promoter driving the output. The hrpL promoter is activated only when both genes are expressed, generating digital-like AND integration behaviour. The AND gate is demonstrated to be modular by applying new regulated promoters to the inputs, and connecting the output to a NOT gate module to produce a combinatorial NAND gate. The circuits were assembled using a parts-based engineering approach of quantitative characterization, modelling, followed by construction and testing. The results show that new genetic logic devices can be engineered predictably from novel native orthogonal biological control elements using quantitatively in-context characterized parts.
Marrow harvesting for autologous marrow transplantation. (1985)

The results and complications of 224 marrow collections from 200 patients with malignant disease who underwent marrow aspiration and storage for subsequent autologous marrow transplantation (AMT) were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 35 years (range 1-68); 131 patients had hematologic malignancies and 69 had solid tumors. Thirty-one patients proceeded directly to AMT after marrow aspiration at a median of 4.5 days (range 0-10). A further 75 patients received AMT a median of 3.0 months (12 days-10 years) after marrow aspiration. The remaining 94 patients had marrow stored but not infused. When a second aspiration was performed from the same patient within seven weeks, the yield of marrow nucleated cells was significantly reduced (p less than 0.02). A negative linear correlation was observed between CFU-C/kg harvested and the day to achieve a posttransplant blood neutrophil count greater than 500/cmm (r = -0.3092, p less than 0.05). A total of 36 (17.4%) complications associated with marrow aspiration were observed including two (0.97%) life-threatening episodes. Postoperative fever accounted for 23 of 34 episodes of minor complications. There was no increased risk of serious complications with decreased time from aspiration to transplant. It was concluded that the morbidity and mortality from autologous marrow aspiration did not differ significantly from that observed in normal donors.
Effect of protective culture on the growth of Candida maltosa YP1 in yoghurt. (2006)

Candida maltosa YP1 is a yeast contaminant occurring in dairy products. It is able to compete with lactic bacteria starters. This study investigated the growth dynamics of C. maltosa. It was shown that a protective culture comprising L. rhamnosus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii partially inhibited C. maltosa YP1, but the authors highlight the need to maintain good hygiene and manufacturing practice.
Pulsatile gas flow in bronchi caused by the heart beat (1961)

Pulsatile gas flow in lobar and segmental bronchi synchronous with the heart beat has been measured during routine diagnostic bronchoscopy, using a new type of flowmeter. Pulsations were detected in three-quarters of the 60 patients examined, and occurred in all parts of the lung though they were more marked on the left side. They were seen both during inspiration and expiration, but were most obvious in the postexpiratory pauses. At a given instant in the cardiac cycle, the phase of the pulsations was sometimes different in different parts of the lung, gas going into some lobes and coming out of others. Volume flow rates up to 2.5 liter/min and displaced volumes up to 5 ml were recorded. The pulsatile flow is probably caused by changes in volume of the beating heart, and by its movements within the chest so that some parts of the lung are compressed while others expand. Because of their size and frequency, the pulsations promote mixing of the anatomical dead-space gas with alveolar gas. Submitted on October 10, 1960
Thermal stability of (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x on Si (2002)

The kinetics of the interfacial layer (IL) growth between Hf aluminates and the Si substrate during high-temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in either N2 (∼10 Torr) or high vacuum (∼2×10−5 Torr) is studied by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The significant difference of the IL growth observed between high vacuum and relatively oxygen-rich N2 annealing (both at 1000 °C) is shown to be caused by the oxygen species from the annealing ambient. Our results also show that Hf aluminates exhibit much stronger resistance to oxygen diffusion than pure HfO2 during RTA in N2 ambient, and the resistance becomes stronger with more Al incorporated into HfO2. This observation is explained by the combined effects of (i) smaller oxygen diffusion coefficient of Al2O3 than HfO2, and (ii) higher crystallization temperature of the Hf aluminates.
Nondestructive measurements of the properties of healing burn scars. (1975)

A testing protocol and the requisite instrumentation have been developed to nondestructively monitor the temporal and mechanical properties of maturing scar. The maturing scar can become progressively and unpredictably adherent or contractured, producing varying degrees of functional impairment. By plotting these mechanical changes as a temporal function of limb motion history, more accurate prediction and control of the ultimate scarring may result. These same techniques could also be used to study normal skin aging. Extrapolation could be made to connective tissue scars in tendons, ligaments, and other structural elements. Scar contractures may develop slowly along lines of tension or areas of maximum skin defect in large maturing scars once the patient has recovered sufficiently to exercise the underlying joints. Since the present endeavor to monitor potential contractures requires measurement of the "in-plane" stresses and strains, we have chosen to utilize an in situ strip biaxial test configuration.
Assessment in mice of a synthetic peptide-based vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum. (1988)

The anti-P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine consisting of the synthetic peptide, Ac-Cys-(NANP)3, conjugated to the protein tetanus toxoid (TT), [Ac-Cys-(NANP)3]25-TT, is currently undergoing human trials. The purpose of the present study was to assess various immunological parameters of this vaccine in mice, which have practical implications in humans. Two injections of [Ac-Cys-(NANP)3]25-TT adsorbed to Al(OH)3 were required to elicit a high antibody response against both Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 and TT. The vaccine initiated equivalent Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 priming for a secondary IgG response in 1-week-old and adult mice. Immunization of female mice with TT or [Ac-Cys-(NANP)3]23-TT prior to mating resulted in offspring that passively received anti-Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 and/or anti-TT antibody and that had reduced secondary responses to Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 and TT. Tertiary challenge with vaccine could substantially overcome such inhibition. Preimmunization of adult mice with TT resulted in a specific inhibition of the anti-Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 antibody response that disappeared following tertiary challenge with the vaccine. The conjugate initiated an antibody response against Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 and TT in mice of 16 different genotypes; only very low T-cell proliferative responses to (NANP)3 were observed for some of these strains. Mice injected with (NANP)3 coupled to protein demonstrated a secondary response to Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 when challenged with (NANP)3 on a heterologous carrier, indicating that B-cell priming alone may be sufficient for a secondary antibody response. These results demonstrate that the vaccine has favourable and unfavourable characteristics in mice; the potential for both exists in humans.