gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Logic Array for High-Speed Signed Binary Number Multiplication (1975)

A new high-speed cellular logic array for multiplication of signed binary numbers is described. It uses a four-bit arithmetic logic unit MC10181 to achieve high speed and to reduce the number of interconnections. A multiplication algorithm which implements simultaneous multiplication by two digits of the multiplier results in a cellular logic array achieving high speed and involving less equipment. ment. A high-speed 4 X 2 multiplier chip is proposed.
<title>A Computer Model For Underwater Camera Systems</title> (1980)

A computer model is presented which allows the image components of an underwater camera system to be computed. Input parameters to the model are system geometry, source properties, and water optical properties. Output products are the irradiances due to non scattered object light, scattered object light and backscattered light. From these basic quantities other useful parameters such as contrast transmittances and signal to noise ratio can be calculated over the entire field of view of the camera. Sample calculations are presented.
Exploring “bullying” culture in the para‐military organisation (1999)

This paper is drawn from a research project into the influences of power and culture on bullying and harassment within the Fire Service, conducted using fire brigades of similar background from the UK, the USA and Eire. It discovered bullying within the Fire Service in two contexts: inappropriate behaviour by managers, such as intimidation, threats and the intimidating use of discipline; and bullying within groups, which is the most influential, and potentially the most damaging to individuals. This occurs within the group that is heavily dependent on the socialisation processes of acceptance, normalisation, indoctrination and preservation of hierarchy. It is also argued that the bullying of individuals because of their sex or race remains an aspect of Fire Service culture and is perpetuated by some to ensure the continuation of the white male culture.
Brain Amyloid Imaging (2011)

Imaging of brain β-amyloid plaques with (18)F-labeled tracers for PET will likely be available in clinical practice to assist the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). With the rapidly growing prevalence of AD as the population ages, and the increasing emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment, brain amyloid imaging is set to become a widely performed investigation. All physicians reading PET scans will need to know the complex relationship between amyloid and cognitive decline, how to best acquire and display images for detection of amyloid, and how to recognize the patterns of tracer binding in AD and other causes of dementia. This article will provide nuclear medicine physicians with the background knowledge required for understanding this emerging investigation, including its appropriate use, and prepare them for practical training in scan interpretation.
Adaptive linearization of a loudspeaker (1991)

An application for adaptive nonlinear filters, adaptive linearization of a loudspeaker, is presented. An adaptive predistortion linearization scheme is used for linearizing a loudspeaker. A model of a direct radiator loudspeaker is developed and studied which takes into account two principal sources of nonlinear distortions: nonlinearity in the suspension system and inhomogeneity in the flux density. Based on this model, simulations of the proposed method were performed. The results show that nonlinear distortions of a loudspeaker can be reduced significantly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physical Analysis of <i>Autographa californica</i> Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Transcripts for Polyhedrin and 10,000-Molecular-Weight Protein (1983)

In Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected cells, polyhedrin, the major structural polypeptide of the viral occlusions, and a low-molecular-weight viral protein with a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 (10K) accumulated to high levels late in infection. Two polyadenylated RNAs 1,200 and 630 bases in size were the most abundant viral transcripts present in the cytoplasm at 48 h postinfection. Evidence is presented that these RNAs were the transcripts for polyhedrin and 10K proteins. The 630-base RNA and five other major polyadenylated RNAs present at 48 h postinfection mapped within or near A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus EcoRI-P. The DNA sequences that code for polyhedrin mRNA were examined by S1 nuclease analysis. The polyhedrin gene contained no detectable introns and mapped at 3,990 to 5,200 base pairs to the right of the origin of the circular A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus physical map. Heterogeneity at the 5' end of polyhedrin mRNA was observed by using S1 nuclease analysis with 5' end-labeled DNA probes.
Achromatic liquid crystal display using homogeneously oriented nematics with a compensation layer (1991)

Abstract This paper describes a homogeneously oriented LCD with a homogeneously oriented Np driving layer and a homogeneously oriented Np compensator and its characteristic. In general, in such an LCD, the V‐T characteristic improves as 〈Δ n 〉 10 d 1 becomes larger. When the elastic constant ratio K 33 / k 11 is small and the dielectric constant ratio is close to unity in the Np material, the V‐T characteristic remains sharp even if 〈Δ n 〉 10 d 1 is small. Considering both high time‐division driving and low‐voltage driving, v p and n should be chosen so that 〈Δ n 〉= 〈Δ n 〉 p = 〈Δ n 〉 n does not deteriorate. Using ZLI‐2842 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.), 〈Δ n 〉 of 7.5 percent was obtained when 〈Δ n 〉 10 d 1 = 0.76 μm, where the achromaticity was comparable with that in the VAN type. As 〈Δ n 〉 10 d 1 increased, the viewing angle characteristic became worse. In a cell with 〈Δ n 〉 10 d 1 suitable for high time‐division driving at a duty cycle lower than 1/200, the viewing characteristic was worse than those in the VAN CSH types. However, in a homogeneously oriented Np LCD, the instability caused by the dynamic scattering effect which is common in the VAN type does not occur.
Churn Prediction in MMORPGs: A Social Influence Based Approach (2009)

Massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) are computer based games in which players interact with one another in the virtual world. Worldwide revenues for MMORPGs have seen amazing growth in last few years and it is more than a 2 billion dollars industry as per current estimates. Huge amount of revenue potential has attracted several gaming companies to launch online role playing games. One of the major problems these companies suffer apart from fierce competition is erosion of their customer base. Churn is a big problem for the gaming companies as churners impact negatively in the word of-mouth reports for potential and existing customers leading to further erosion of user base.We study the problem of player churn in the popular MMORPG EverQuest II. The problem of churn prediction has been studied extensively in the past in various domains and social network analysis has recently been applied to the problem to understand the effects of the strength of social ties and the structure and dynamics of a social network in churn. In this paper, we propose a churn prediction model based on examining social influence among players and their personal engagement in the game. We hypothesize that social influence is a vector quantity, with components negative influence and positive influence. We propose a modified diffusion model to propagate the influence vector in the players network which represents the social influence on the player from his network. We measure a players personal engagement based on his activity patterns and use it in the modified diffusion model and churn prediction. Our method for churn prediction which combines social influence and player engagement factors has shown to improve prediction accuracy significantly for our dataset as compared to prediction using the conventional diffusion model or the player engagement factor, thus validating our hypothesis that combination of both these factors could lead to a more accurate churn prediction.
Phylogenetic analysis of condensation domains in NRPS sheds light on their functional evolution (2007)

We systematize all C domain subtypes including the novel Starter C domain. With our results, it will be easier to decide the subtype of unknown C domains as we provide profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) for the sequence motifs as well as for the entire sequences. The determined specificity conferring positions will be helpful for the mutation of one subtype into another, e.g. turning DCL to LCL, which can be a useful step for obtaining novel products.
Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (1987)

Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) is a rapidly growing technique of increasing analytical importance. Foremost among its many attributes are its high mass resolution and wide mass range capabilities, as well as its ability to store ions. This relatively new technique has been employed in a wide variety of applications, ranging from the exact mass measurement of stable nuclides to the determination of peptide sequences. The future holds considerable promise both for the expanded use of FTMS in a diverse range of chemical problems, as well as advances in the capabilities of the technique itself.
Real-time Fluid Simulation Coupled with Cloth (2007)

This paper presents a real-time simulation method for coupling of cloth and fluids computed by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). To compute interaction between cloth consisting of several polygons and fluid particles, the distance between cloth to the particle have to be calculated. It is computationally expensive because we have to compute the distance to the faces, edges and vertices of polygons. Instead of calculating the exact distance to a cloth, we calculate an approximate distance by using the distance to the faces and the gravitational centers of the polygons. This paper also presents techniques to perform the coupled simulation entirely on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The computation of interaction forces is divided into fluid-cloth and cloth-fluid forces to implement entire simulation on GPUs. By exploiting the parallelizm of GPUs, we could couple simulations of several tens of thousands of fluid particles and cloth which consists of several thousands of polygons in real-time.
Correcting image placement errors using registration control (RegC) technology in the photomask periphery (2012)

The ITRS roadmap specifies wafer overlay control as one of the major tasks for the sub 40 nm nodes in addition to CD control and defect control. Wafer overlay is strongly dependent on mask image placement error (registration errors or Reg errors)1. The specifications for registration or mask placement accuracy are significantly tighter in some of the double patterning techniques (DPT). This puts a heavy challenge on mask manufacturers (mask shops) to comply with advanced node registration specifications. The conventional methods of feeding back the systematic registration error to the E-beam writer and re-writing the mask are becoming difficult, expensive and not sufficient for the advanced nodes especially for double pattering technologies. Six production masks were measured on a standard registration metrology tool and the registration errors were calculated and plotted. Specially developed algorithm along with the RegC Wizard (dedicated software) was used to compute a correction lateral strain field that would minimize the registration errors. This strain field was then implemented in the photomask bulk material using an ultra short pulse laser based system. Finally the post process registration error maps were measured and the resulting residual registration error field with and without scale and orthogonal errors removal was calculated. In this paper we present a robust process flow in the mask shop which leads up to 32% registration 3sigma improvement, bringing some out-of-spec masks into spec, utilizing the RegC® process in the photomask periphery while leaving the exposure field optically unaffected.
Opitz-Bibliographie. 1800- 2000 (2005)

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of patients' treatment experience for breast cancer and its possible associations with the illness adjustment process. To examine perception and experience of treatment during the diagnostic and the inpatient phase, as well as during chemo-and radiotherapy and during after-care, a self-compiled questionnaire was employed. To assess illness adjustment, the German version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the "Freiburger Fragebogen zur Krankheitsverarbeitung" and the "Veränderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens" were used. 126 patients participated in the study, all diagnosed for breast cancer during the past 5 years. We found an association between negative experience of all treatment phases (doctor-patient relationship, communication) and impaired adjustment process reflected by high anxiety and depression scores and more problematic coping strategies.
Natural programming languages and environments (2004)

Over the last six years, we have been working to create programming languages and environments that are more natural, or closer to the way people think about their tasks. Our goal is to make it possible for people to express their ideas in the same way they think about them. To achieve this, we have performed various studies about how people think about programming tasks, both when trying to create a new program and when trying to find and fix bugs in existing programs. We then use this knowledge to develop new tools for programming and debugging. Our user studies have shown the resulting systems provide significant benefits to users.
Von Willebrand Factor: Dissociation from Antihemophilic Factor Procoagulant Activity (1973)

Factor VIII corrects both the clotting defect in hemophilia A and an abnormality of platelet aggregation in von Willebrand's disease. These two activities of factor VIII (antihemophilic factor and von Willebrand factor) are both detected in the void volume when human plasma or cryoprecipitate is chromatographed on Bio-Gel 5M under conditions of isotonic salt concentration. In contrast, antihemophilic factor procoagulant activity is detected with proteins of lower molecular weight when the chromatography is performed with a buffer containing 0.8M NaCl. In this way, the two activities of factor VIII can be dissociated. It remains to be determined whether these components are separate molecules associated as a complex of high molecular weight in plasma or whether they are subunits of a complex macromolecule.
Admission of Wrongdoing: Increasing Public Accountability in SEC Settlements (2014)

to thank everyone on the Brooklyn Journal of
Surface Normals in the Wild (2017)

We study the problem of single-image depth estimation for images in the wild. We collect human annotated surface normals and use them to help train a neural network that directly predicts pixel-wise depth. We propose two novel loss functions for training with surface normal annotations. Experiments on NYU Depth, KITTI, and our own dataset demonstrate that our approach can significantly improve the quality of depth estimation in the wild.
Shifting the frequency response of switched-capacitor filters by nonuniform sampling (1991)

A clock with nonuniformly spaced sampling times can be used to shift the frequency response of switched-capacitor filters. By using such a clock, which deviates only slightly from a uniform sampling clock, small shifts in the frequency response of a switched-capacitor filter can be realized. The nonuniform sampling generates undesired modulation sidebands which are small if the deviation from uniform sampling is small. Computer simulations and measured data are presented to support equations that predict the frequency response shift and the amplitude of the undesired sidebands. This technique can be used to correct frequency response errors in monolithic switched-capacitor filters caused by capacitor ratio inaccuracies. It may also be useful in applications such as spectrum analyzers and tone generators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acousto-mechanical and thermal properties of clotted blood (2006)

The efficacy of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis as an adjunct treatment of ischemic stroke is being widely investigated. To determine the role of ultrasound hyperthermia in the process of blood clot disruption, the acousto-mechanical and thermal properties of clotted blood were measured in vitro, namely, density, speed of sound, frequency-dependent attenuation, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. The amplitude coefficient of attenuation of the clots was determined for 120 kHz, 1.0 MHz, and 3.5 MHz ultrasound at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C). The attenuation coefficient ranged from 0.10 to 0.30 Np/cm in porcine clots and from 0.09 to 0.23 Np/cm in human clots. The experimentally determined values of specific heat and thermal conductivity for porcine clotted blood are (3.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) J/kg x K and 0.55 +/- 0.13 W/m x K, respectively, and for human clotted blood are (3.5 +/- 0.8) x 10(3) J/kg x K and 0.59 +/- 0.11 W/m x K, respectively. Measurements of the acousto-mechanical and thermal properties of clotted blood can be helpful in theoretical modeling of ultrasound hyperthermia in ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis and other high-intensity focused ultrasound applications.
Assembly of functional photosystem complexes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides incorporating carotenoids from the spirilloxanthin pathway (2014)

Carotenoids protect the photosynthetic apparatus against harmful radicals arising from the presence of both light and oxygen. They also act as accessory pigments for harvesting solar energy, and are required for stable assembly of many light-harvesting complexes. In the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides phytoene desaturase (CrtI) catalyses three sequential desaturations of the colourless carotenoid phytoene, extending the number of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, N, from three to nine and producing the yellow carotenoid neurosporene; subsequent modifications produce the yellow/red carotenoids spheroidene/spheroidenone (N=10/11). Genomic crtI replacements were used to swap the native three-step Rba. sphaeroides CrtI for the four-step Pantoea agglomerans enzyme, which re-routed carotenoid biosynthesis and culminated in the production of 2,2'-diketo-spirilloxanthin under semi-aerobic conditions. The new carotenoid pathway was elucidated using a combination of HPLC and mass spectrometry. Premature termination of this new pathway by inactivating crtC or crtD produced strains with lycopene or rhodopin as major carotenoids. All of the spirilloxanthin series carotenoids are accepted by the assembly pathways for LH2 and RC-LH1-PufX complexes. The efficiency of carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer for 2,2'-diketo-spirilloxanthin (15 conjugated C = C bonds; N=15) in LH2 complexes is low, at 35%. High energy transfer efficiencies were obtained for neurosporene (N=9; 94%), spheroidene (N=10; 96%) and spheroidenone (N=11; 95%), whereas intermediate values were measured for lycopene (N=11; 64%), rhodopin (N=11; 62%) and spirilloxanthin (N=13; 39%). The variety and stability of these novel Rba. sphaeroides antenna complexes make them useful experimental models for investigating the energy transfer dynamics of carotenoids in bacterial photosynthesis.
Exosomal shuttling of miR-126 in endothelial cells modulates adhesive and migratory abilities of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (2014)

Our results show that the miR-126 shuttled by exosomes is biologically active in the target cells, and support the hypothesis that exosomal miRNAs have an important role in tumor-endothelial crosstalk occurring in the bone marrow microenvironment, potentially affecting disease progression.
Education Forum: Animated Textbooks (1995)

article Free Access Share on Education Forum: Animated Textbooks: A Current Example Author: Rocky Ross Computer Science Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Computer Science Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MTView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGACT NewsVolume 26Issue 1March 1995 pp 40–43https://doi.org/10.1145/203610.606410Online:01 March 1995Publication History 0citation129DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads129Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Acene-Containing Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers: Correlation between the Structure of Donor Moiety, Charge Carrier Mobility, and Charge Transport Dynamics in Electronic Devices (2014)

We synthesized five different donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers bearing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptors and acene donors in the repeating groups via the Suzuki and Stille coupling methods. To investigate the effect of acene donor moieties on static and dynamic charge transport properties, pyrene, naphthodithiophene, benzodithiophene, dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT), and thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (TTTT) were selected and introduced into the structure of the polymer repeating group. Among the five polymers, the polymer PDPPTTTT bearing TTTT donor units exhibited the highest hole mobility, ∼3.2 cm2 V–1 s–1 (Ion/Ioff > 106) in the thin film transistors. The five polymers had different mobilities and exhibited different charge transport dynamic responses. The response was investigated by applying a pulsed bias to thin film transistors loaded with a resistor. The resistor loaded (RL) inverter made of PDPPTTTT operates well, maintaining a fairly high switching voltage ratio at a relatively high frequency. The PDPPTTTT-based RL inverter also had the fastest switching behavior with a relatively small decay time of 1.86 ms. From this study, the structure of the donor moiety in the D–A conjugated polymer was found to strongly affect the optical property, internal morphology of the polymer film, charge carrier mobility, and charge transport dynamics in electronic devices.
Attenuation of botulinum toxin mediated blockade of exocytosis at neuromuscular junctions by viral vector mediated gene transfer into spinal motor neurons (2009)

In the plant blue-light sensor phototropin, illumination of the chromophoric LOV domains causes activation of the serine/threonine kinase domain. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a chromophore molecule in the two LOV domains (LOV1 and LOV2), but only LOV2 is responsible for kinase activation. Previous studies reported an important role of an additional helix connected to the C-terminal of LOV2 (Jalpha helix) for the function of phototropin; however, it remains unclear how the Jalpha helix affects light-induced structural changes in LOV2. In this study we compared light-induced protein structural changes of the LOV2 domain of Arabidopsis phot1 in the absence (LOV2-core) and presence (LOV2-Jalpha) of the Jalpha helix by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Prominent peaks were observed only in the amide-I region (1650 (-)/1625 (+) cm(-1)) of LOV2-Jalpha at physiological temperatures (>/=260 K), corresponding to structural perturbation of the alpha-helix. The peaks were diminished by point mutation of functionally important amino acids such as Phe-556 between FMN and the beta-sheet, Gln-575 being hydrogen-bonded with FMN, and Ile-608 on the Jalpha helix. We thus conclude that a light signal is relayed from FMN through these amino acids and eventually changes the interaction between LOV2-core and the Jalpha helix in Arabidopsis phot1.