gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dangers old and new: the history of traffic safety (2002)

This article presents a history of traffic safety efforts and awareness, dating back to Roman times when Julius Caesar banned chariots from Rome during business hours. Some notable points on the timeline: 120 B.C., Roman mile markers on European roads; 1911, first lane lines painted; 1914, first electric traffic signal; 1917, police occupy crow's nests to be above street traffic; and 1935, first federal Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The 1960s brought an epidemiological approach and tied safe practices to federal dollars; late 70s and early 80s saw grass-roots campaigns and tougher laws against driving under the influence and requiring better child restraints. Included in the article are vintage photos.
Community-based applications (2011)

The WellCom platform enables the creation, delivery, and management of advanced personalized and interactive multimedia applications and services in a distributed home environment. End users obtain easy and seamless access to interactive and personalized television (TV) services as well as TV-related applications through their mobile terminals. The supporting devices and technologies include TV sets, mobile terminals for interaction with TV content and to deliver personalized services directly to the user; and near field communication (NFC)/Bluetooth technologies which combine with an “easy-pairing” mechanism for access to interactive programs and social applications. Individual interactivity opens up new possibilities for group experience of TV content. For example, users can themselves take part in a broadcast TV quiz or compete with friends. Personalization allows service providers to tap into new revenue streams such as targeted advertisements on mobile phones.
Dimensions of meaning (2003)

The representation of documents and queries as vectors in a high-dimensional space is well-established in information retrieval. The author proposes that the semantics of words and contexts in a text be represented as vectors. The dimensions of the space are words and the initial vectors are determined by the words occurring close to the entity to be represented, which implies that the space has several thousand dimensions (words). This makes the vector representations (which are dense) too cumbersome to use directly. Therefore, dimensionality reduction by means of a singular value decomposition is employed. The author analyzes the structure of the vector representations and applies them to word sense disambiguation and thesaurus induction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biodiesel production: the potential of algal lipids extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (2011)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used to extract components of interest from Scenedesmus dimorphus, a microalgae species, under varied algal harvesting and extraction conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to quantify the concentration of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the FAME profile of transesterified lipids, phospholipids and pigments extracted under varied supercritical temperatures and pressures. The scCO2 extraction results are compared with conventional solvent extraction to evaluate differences in the efficiency and nature of the extracted materials. Algae harvested by centrifugation (vs.lyophilization) demonstrated a similar extraction efficiency in scCO2, indicating potential energy benefits by avoiding conventional algal mass dehydration prior to extraction. Centrifuged algae and optimized extraction conditions (6000 psi; 100 °C) resulted in comparable FAME yields to conventional processes, as well as increased selectivity, reflected in the decreased pigment, nitrogen and phospholipid contamination of the FAME. Cell pre-treatments—sonication, microwave, bead beating and lyophilization—showed an enhancement in extraction yield in both conventional solvent and scCO2 extraction, allowing for improved extraction efficiencies. This study suggests that scCO2, a green solvent, shows great potential for algal lipid extraction for the sustainable production of biodiesel.
Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast (2011)

Domestication of plants and animals promoted humanity's transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles, demographic expansion, and the emergence of civilizations. In contrast to the well-documented successes of crop and livestock breeding, processes of microbe domestication remain obscure, despite the importance of microbes to the production of food, beverages, and biofuels. Lager-beer, first brewed in the 15th century, employs an allotetraploid hybrid yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus (syn. Saccharomyces carlsbergensis), a domesticated species created by the fusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ale-yeast with an unknown cryotolerant Saccharomyces species. We report the isolation of that species and designate it Saccharomyces eubayanus sp. nov. because of its resemblance to Saccharomyces bayanus (a complex hybrid of S. eubayanus, Saccharomyces uvarum, and S. cerevisiae found only in the brewing environment). Individuals from populations of S. eubayanus and its sister species, S. uvarum, exist in apparent sympatry in Nothofagus (Southern beech) forests in Patagonia, but are isolated genetically through intrinsic postzygotic barriers, and ecologically through host-preference. The draft genome sequence of S. eubayanus is 99.5% identical to the non-S. cerevisiae portion of the S. pastorianus genome sequence and suggests specific changes in sugar and sulfite metabolism that were crucial for domestication in the lager-brewing environment. This study shows that combining microbial ecology with comparative genomics facilitates the discovery and preservation of wild genetic stocks of domesticated microbes to trace their history, identify genetic changes, and suggest paths to further industrial improvement.
Über Diarylmethanderivate von 6‐Alkoxytropinen und N‐Alkylnortropinen. 12. Mitteilung über Alkaloidsynthesen (1959)

Abstract Es werden Synthesen von Diarylmethyläthern, Äthern des Benzilsäureamids und von Diarylmethylaminen von Tropan‐Derivaten beschrieben. Einige der neuen Verbindungen zeigen anticholinergische und histaminhemmende Wirkungen.
Study of alcohol-silica surface reactions via infrared spectroscopy (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of alcohol-silica surface reactions via infrared spectroscopyRaymond G. Azrak and C. L. AngellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 26, 3048–3052Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100644a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100644a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experimental comparison of rectifiers for Lundell automotive alternators (2009)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of rectifiers by experimental approach, to improve output power and efficiency of a Lundell alternator without any geometry modification. Different topologies of rectifiers are considered using PWM or series/parallel reconfigurations of diode rectifier and simple control methods. An interleaving technique is also applied to minimize the output current high-frequency ripple generated by pulse modulation. To improve performances, this method must be associated to special multiple 3-phase winding configuration to minimize magnetic coupling. The proposed solution almost double the peak output power at 8000rpm (from 1602W to 3038W) and keeps alternator losses constant.
Arbitrarily Shaped Objects Relighting Using an RGB-D Camera (2013)

Usually, relighting techniques require knowledge about the shape of the target object and the lighting environment. The quality of the result is highly dependent on the normals of the object because they are used in the computation of the illumination. In this paper, we propose a new relighting approach for arbitrarily shaped objects using an RGB-D camera such as the Microsoft's Kinect. The depth map is useful to estimate the normals of the object, but can be inaccurate because of the noise such as discrete depth values or missing data. An accurate segmentation of the target region for relighting is also an open issue since the boundaries in the depth map does not always match color's ones. We focus on the depth map modification to segment the object region and normal estimation for accurate relighting. In our experiments, we adapted some normal estimation methods from modified depth map and evaluated the accuracy of the relighting results. We discuss the effectiveness of relighting approach for an arbitrarily shaped object and the possibility of a real time relighting.
Label Distribution Learning (2016)

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning paradigm named label distribution learning (LDL) for such kind of applications. The label distribution covers a certain number of labels, representing the degree to which each label describes the instance. LDL is a more general learning framework which includes both single-label and multi-label learning as its special cases. This paper proposes six working LDL algorithms in three ways: problem transformation, algorithm adaptation, and specialized algorithm design. In order to compare the performance of the LDL algorithms, six representative and diverse evaluation measures are selected via a clustering analysis, and the first batch of label distribution datasets are collected and made publicly available. Experimental results on one artificial and 15 real-world datasets show clear advantages of the specialized algorithms, which indicates the importance of special design for the characteristics of the LDL problem.
Facial expression recognition using Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and SVMs (2011)

Facial expression recognition (FER) has become a hot topic in the computer vision and pattern recognition communities because of its great potential applications in many areas such as human computer nature interaction, animation etc.. In this paper, we present a new approach to facial expression recognition, which uses Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) for reducing the high dimensional data of facial expression images into a relatively low dimension data and then uses support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier for the expression classification afterwards. The proposed new algorithm is applied to facial expression recognition on Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database, better performance is gained compared with those traditional algorithms, such as PCA and LDA etc.. The results have further proved the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
A Secure Integrated E-Wallet Mobile Application For Education Institution (2021)

Cashless payment system is designed to reduce the transmission of physical money by implementing digital transaction using electronic mediums. In Malaysia, the cashless payment system has been growing from one sector to another including education. EDUWallet is a mobile application developed to allow users to carry out transaction without having to use physical cash. This application aims to promote 100% cashless payment system in all educational institution which consist of youngsters who are the major users of latest and advanced technology. Apart from students, staffs, guests, or any visitors with educational institution may use this application for their daily transactions such as buying foods and books. From the result of the test, it is shown that the application has worked effectively as intended.
Comprehensive Step‐by‐Step Engineering of an (<i>R</i>)‐Hydroxynitrile Lyase for Large‐Scale Asymmetric Synthesis (2003)

A custom-made enzyme: The gene and protein sequence of a new (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus amygdalus was cloned and engineered for recombinant production on a large scale. The enzyme is stable and active at low pH values. A rationally designed active-site mutant now permits the rapid and stereoselective synthesis of sterically hindered cyanohydrins such as ortho-chloromandelonitrile (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z52141_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bundle-Forming Pili and EspA Are Involved in Biofilm Formation by Enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

Microcolony formation is one of the initial steps in biofilm development, and in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) it is mediated by several adhesins, including the bundle-forming pilus (BFP) and the EspA filament. Here we report that EPEC forms biofilms on plastic under static conditions and a flowthrough continuous culture system. The abilities of several EPEC isogenic mutants to form biofilms were assessed. Adhesins such as BFP and EspA, important in microcolony formation on epithelial cells, are also involved in bacterial aggregation during biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Mutants that do not express BFP or EspA form more-diffuse biofilms than does the wild type. We also determined, using gfp transcriptional fusions, that, consistent with the role of these adhesins in biofilms, the genes encoding BFP and EspA are expressed during biofilm formation. Finally, expression of espA is controlled by a quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory mechanism, and the EPEC qseA QS mutant also forms altered biofilms, suggesting that this signaling mechanism plays an important role in EPEC biofilm development. Taken together, these studies allowed us to propose a model of EPEC biofilm formation.
Enhancement of the Interferon‐Induced Double‐Stranded RNA‐Dependent Protein Kinase Activity by Sindbis Virus Infection and Heat‐Shock Stress (1990)

In extracts of FL cells that were infected with Sindbis virus or treated with heat-shock stress, dsRNA-dependent phosphorylation of 77K protein was markedly increased. The 77K phosphoprotein was indistinguishable from the autophosphorylated and activated form of interferon (IFN)-induced dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PK-I) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and was immunologically related to P68 (Galabru, J. and Hovanessian, A., J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15538 (1987], the HeLa cell counterpart of PK-I. Immunoblotting experiments using monoclonal antibody against PK-I revealed that control cell extracts contained a substantial amount of PK-I protein, although they showed no measurable PK-I activity even when dsRNA was added. The amount of PK-I protein did not increase during a transient dsRNA-dependent enhancement of PK-I activity caused by Sindbis virus infection and heat-shock stress. This implies that the conversion of PK-I protein from a dsRNA-unresponsive form to a responsive form may be important in the regulation of PK-I activity. A similar mode of PK-I regulatory mechanism was operative in the early stages of IFN treatment, although after a prolonged treatment a net synthesis of the PK-I protein did take place.
Functional Surfaces of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Protein (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 initially assembles and buds as an immature particle that is organized by the viral Gag polyprotein. Gag is then proteolyzed to produce the smaller capsid protein CA, which forms the central conical capsid that surrounds the RNA genome in the mature, infectious virus. To define CA surfaces that function at different stages of the viral life cycle, a total of 48 different alanine-scanning surface mutations in CA were tested for their effects on Gag protein expression, processing, particle production and morphology, capsid assembly, and infectivity. The 27 detrimental mutations fall into three classes: 13 mutations significantly diminished or altered particle production, 9 mutations failed to assemble normal capsids, and 5 mutations supported normal viral assembly but were nevertheless reduced more than 20-fold in infectivity. The locations of the assembly-defective mutations implicate three different CA surfaces in immature particle assembly: one surface encompasses helices 4 to 6 in the CA N-terminal domain (NTD), a second surrounds the crystallographically defined CA dimer interface in the C-terminal domain (CTD), and a third surrounds the loop preceding helix 8 at the base of the CTD. Mature capsid formation required a distinct surface encompassing helices 1 to 3 in the NTD, in good agreement with a recent structural model for the viral capsid. Finally, the identification of replication-defective mutants with normal viral assembly phenotypes indicates that CA also performs important nonstructural functions at early stages of the viral life cycle.
The development of polar discotic metallomesogens Vanadyl 1,3-diketonate complexes (1993)

Abstract The dependence of mesomorphism of 1,3-diketonate vanadium-oxo (vanadyl) complexes on the number of side chains was investigated. These complexes have a large dipole normal to the disc plane and are under investigation in an effort to generate discotic phases with polar order. Relatively complex phase behaviour is observed when the vanadyl 1,3-diketonate complexes are appended with four phenyl groups with two octyloxy or decyloxy side chains each for a total of eight side chains. These complexities are most likely related to the order/disorder associated with the polar vanadyl group. Vanadyl 1,3-diketonate complexes with four side chains were prepared by replacement of two of the phenyl groups with methyl or trifluoromethyl groups, and these complexes displayed only crystal phases. Complexes with two trialkyloxy phenyls and two dialkyloxy phenyls were synthesized and found to display a very stable Dhd phase. The presence of additional alkyloxy groups was found also to promote a linear chain structure, (i.e. ‒‒V˭O‒‒V˭O‒‒), in the crystal phase.
Pilot study identifying myosin heavy chain 7, desmin, insulin‐like growth factor 7, and annexin <scp>A</scp> 2 as circulating biomarkers of human heart failure (2013)

In-depth proteomic analyses offer a systematic way to investigate protein alterations in disease and, as such, can be a powerful tool for the identification of novel biomarkers. Here, we analyzed proteomic data from a transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of activated calcineurin (CnA), which results in severe cardiac hypertrophy. We applied statistically filtering and false discovery rate correction methods to identify 52 proteins that were significantly different in the CnA hearts compared to controls. Subsequent informatic analysis consisted of comparison of these 52 CnA proteins to another proteomic dataset of heart failure, three available independent microarray datasets, and correlation of their expression with the human plasma and urine proteome. Following this filtering strategy, four proteins passed these selection criteria, including myosin heavy chain 7, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, annexin A2, and desmin. We assessed expression levels of these proteins in mouse plasma by immunoblotting, and observed significantly different levels of expression between healthy and failing mice for all four proteins. We verified antibody cross-reactivity by examining human cardiac explant tissue by immunoblotting. Finally, we assessed protein levels in plasma samples obtained from four unaffected and four heart failure patients and demonstrated that all four proteins increased between twofold and 150-fold in heart failure. We conclude that MYH7, IGFBP7, ANXA2, and DESM are all excellent candidate plasma biomarkers of heart failure in mouse and human.
사회적 배제에 나타난 노년기 경제적 배제에 관한 연구 (2016)

본 연구는 인생주기 가운데 노년기 경제적 배제에 관하여 연구하고자 한다. 사회적 배제는 사회 각 부문에서 일어난다고 볼 수 있는데, 인생주기 측면에서 볼 때, 특히 노년기에는 경제적 측면에서의 배제가 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있다.
노년기 경제적 배제로는, 첫째, 소득영역에서의 배제이다. 이는 노동시장에서의 경쟁력 상실, 정년퇴직이라는 인위적이고...
Assembly, Disassembly, and Anomalous Propulsion of Microscopic Helices (2013)

Controlling the motion of small objects in suspensions wirelessly is of fundamental interest and has potential applications in biomedicine for drug delivery and micromanipulation of small structures. Here we show that magnetic helical microstructures that propel themselves in the presence of rotating weak magnetic fields assemble into various configurations that exhibit locomotion and a change in swimming direction. The configuration is tuned dynamically, that is, assembly and disassembly occur, by the field input. We investigate a system that consists of two identical right-handed helices assembled at their center in order to model the motion of assembled swimmers. The swimming properties are dependent on both the component design and the assembly configuration. For particular designs and configurations, a reversal in swimming direction emerges, yet with other designs, a reversal in motion never appears. Understanding the locomotion of clustered chiral structures enables uni- and multidirectional navigation of this class of active suspensions.
My Favourite (Free) Resources (2011)

Working as a graphic designer, illustrator and tutor, the most common question I get asked is 'How can I create eye-popping newsletters, presentations and brochures for free?' Here's a few links to free resources that will help you create some attention-grabbing material.
Heat Transport Analysis for Flash Lamp Annealing (2007)

The silicon wafer temperature change during flash lamp annealing is theoretically evaluated. A calculation model is developed on the basis of a finite difference method taking into account various heat transport phenomena, such as heat radiation from a lamp to a silicon surface, reflection at the silicon surface, heat radiation from a hot silicon surface, light absorption in silicon, and thermal conduction. The effect of the light absorption in a silicon wafer on the temperature profile is negligible at the position of ultrashallow junction formation. The largest temperature slope is shown to be formed by flash lamp annealing because of the agreement of the temperature slope obtained by taking into account heat absorption in silicon with that obtained by assuming heat absorption only at the surface, without accounting for the light absorption in silicon. This study further concludes that the surface reflectivity strongly affects the silicon temperature.