gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Red blood cell aggregability is increased by aspirin and flow stress, whereas dipyridamole induces cell shape alterations: measurements by digital image analysis</b> (1996)

We evaluated the influence of pretreatment with aspirin in vitro, alone or combined with dipyridamole, on red cell aggregability. Samples were tested before and after being exposed to well-defined flow conditions. An aggregation rate was estimated through digital analysis of light microscopy images. Red cells of untreated blood that had been exposed to flow showed a higher aggregation rate (38.54 +/- 1.63 vs. 27.52 +/- 1.36; P < 0.05). This effect was not observed in the absence of platelets. Treatment with aspirin induced a high aggregation rate, with or without exposure to flow conditions. Dipyridamole alone or combined with aspirin provoked echinocytosis, disturbing the rouleaux arrangement (rates ranging from 11.25 +/- 1.91 - 13.62 +/- 1.62). Washing red cells after treatment restored about 90% of echinocytes to their biconcave shape, but aggregation rate did not recover in parallel. These results highlight the influence of red cell-platelet interactions in the regulation of haemostasis and show how therapeutic agents can interfere with rheological phenomena.
Zinc Lozenges May Shorten the Duration of Colds: A Systematic Review (2011)

This study shows strong evidence that the zinc lozenge effect on common cold duration is heterogeneous so that benefit is observed with high doses of zinc but not with low doses. The effects of zinc lozenges should be further studied to determine the optimal lozenge compositions and treatment strategies.
Growth hormone secretion during sleep (1968)

Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, cortisol, and glucose were measured during sleep on 38 nights in eight young adults. Blood was drawn from an indwelling catheter at 30-min intervals; EEG and electrooculogram were recorded throughout the night. In seven subjects, a plasma GH peak (13-72 mmug/ml) lasting 1.5-3.5 hr appeared with the onset of deep sleep. Smaller GH peaks (6-14 mmug/ml) occasionally appeared during subsequent deep sleep phases. Peak GH secretion was delayed if the onset of sleep was delayed. Subjects who were awakened for 2-3 hr and allowed to return to sleep exhibited another peak of GH secretion (14-46 mmug/ml). Peak GH secretion was not correlated with changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and cortisol. The effects of 6-CNS-active drugs on sleep-related GH secretion were investigated. Imipramine (50 mg) completely abolished GH peaks in two of four subjects, whereas chlorpromazine (30 mg), phenobarbital (97 mg), diphenylhydantoin (90 mg), chlordiazepoxide (20 mg), and isocarboxazid (30 mg) did not inhibit GH peaks. Altered hypothalamic activity associated with initiation of sleep results in a major peak of growth hormone secretion unrelated to hypoglycemia or changes in cortisol and insulin secretion.
Philadelphia-Chromosome-Positive T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Acute Leukemia or Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Blastic Crisis (2005)

The Ph1 chromosome has rarely been reported in T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and the clinical relevance of this translocation in T-ALL is currently unknown. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) some data indicate derivation of T-cells from the leukemic clone and only a few cases of T-derived blastic crisis have been reported and quite often disputed. Particularly in cases identified initially in blastic crisis it may be difficult to distinguish those from Ph1-positive T-ALL. We herein report 2 patients who presented with a clinical picture of Ph1-positive T-ALL and who raised a differential diagnosis from T-cell blastic crisis of CML. We review the literature and suggest clinical and laboratory features that can help in the diagnosis. According to our literature review, 23 cases of Ph1-positive T-ALL and 44 cases of T-cell blastic crisis of CML, including ours, were reported. Some major differences between the two entities could help in establishing a diagnosis of Ph1-positive T-cell blastic crisis of CML vs. Ph1-positive T-ALL: Male sex and younger age was more predominant in T-ALL. While in most cases of CML blastic crisis there was a history of CML there was no such history in the T-ALL cases. Medullary involvement with lymphoblastic leukemia was present in all cases of T-ALL but only in about half of the cases of CML blastic crisis. None of the CML-blastic crisis cases tested by RT-PCR showed the minor breakpoint transcript, while 2 cases with T-ALL had the minor breakpoint transcript and 1 had both transcripts. Combined morphologic and FISH analysis can help to distinguish between the two entities and was applied in one of our cases. Although both entities carry a severe prognosis, differentiating between them might have clinical relevance, especially in the imatinib era.
Src kinase is a direct target of apigenin against UVB-induced skin inflammation (2012)

Apigenin, a flavonoid abundant in various vegetables and fruits, including parsley and onions, has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic effects. However, the direct molecular target of apigenin and its chemopreventive effect on ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin inflammation are not understood fully. Herein, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin and its associated mechanisms in JB6 P+ cell line and SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Apigenin inhibited UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, which is a well-known key mediator of inflammation and cancer, and restored the upstream stimulatory factor level in JB6 P+ cells. Immunoblot and kinase assay data demonstrate that Src activity was attenuated by apigenin, and this led to subsequent inhibition of UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt signaling. Inhibitory effects of apigenin on UVB-induced signaling were also confirmed in HaCaT human keratinocytes. In addition, in vitro pull-down assays revealed that apigenin binds Src in an adenosine triphosphate-competitive manner. Results using in vivo skin model indicate apigenin significantly inhibits UVB-induced ear edema development, COX-2 expression and Src kinase activity in SKH-1 hairless mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that apigenin exerts potent chemopreventive activity against UVB-induced skin inflammation primarily by targeting Src.
Modeling of four-wave mixing and gain peaking in amplified WDM optical communication systems and networks (1996)

A theoretical model is presented for analyzing the propagation of densely spaced WDM optical signals through a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and single-mode optical fibers with nonuniform chromatic dispersion. By combining a numerical solution for the EDFA and an analytical expression for FWM components generated through the cascade, the model allows a realistic system analysis which includes gain peaking effect, amplified spontaneous emission accumulation and the effect of dispersion management on the four-wave mixing efficiency. The FWM power distribution at the end of the multi-amplifier transmission link is computed taking into account the phase relation between FWM light amplitudes generated within different sections of the link. The transmission of many WDM channels, evenly spaced around 1547.5 nm, has been analyzed for various dispersion management techniques and propagation distances. Numerical results point out the importance of such a model for a realistic design of WDM optical communication systems and networks. A proper choice of chromatic dispersion, amplifier characteristics, span length, input signal powers and wavelengths, combined with the use of gain equalizing filters, allows to maximize the transmission distance ensuring acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited SNR variation among channels.
Phase Accuracy of Charge Pump PLL's (1982)

Phase-lock loops using charge pumps are found to have remarkably good potential for accurate phase tracking. The several favorable factors are described and numerical calculations provide examples of typical errors. Inaccuracy as small as fractional microcycles appears to be an attainable goal.
[Formation of germline chimeras from murine embryonic stem cell lines]. (1999)

Generation of germline chimeras is the crucial step in ES cell-mediated transgenesis. The prerequisite for germline chimerism is the maintenance of germline differentiating potency of ES cells, whereas production of germline chimeras is the only method to prove whether such potency is maintained. In order to investigate the germline differentiating potency of three newly established ES cell lines (MESPU21, MESPU22 and MESPU29), ES cells were introduced into host embryos from inbred C57BL/6J and outbred KMW or ICR through blastocyst injection or 8-cell stage morula injection. Totally 81 chimeras were obtained; among 42 test-bred ones, 19 were germline transmitters assessed by coat analysis, as is the first report of ES cell-embryo germline chimeras in China. MESPU21 and MESPU22 formed germline chimeras in high frequency and most of those chimeras produced ES cell-derived progeny in high proportion, which proved that both ES cell lines retained good germline differentiating potency and could be used as valuable cellular vehicles to introduce genetic modifications into mouse genome.
Brain amyloid in normal aging and cerebral amyloid angiopathy is antigenically related to Alzheimer's disease beta-protein. (1987)

Amyloid deposition is a prominent feature of a number of brain disorders, in which amyloid fibrils are found within blood vessel walls, the neuropil (neuritic plaques), neurons (neurofibrillary tangles). These include Alzheimer's disease (AD), AD changes associated with Down's syndrome, neurologically asymptomatic amyloidosis, Parkinson dementia of Guam, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Icelandic origin (HCHWA-I), hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Dutch origin (HCHWA-D), and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (SCAA). Recently it was shown that the amyloid deposits in AD, Parkinson dementia of Guam, and HCHWA-D are formed by a similar 4-kd polypeptide called beta-protein. Because the nature of the amyloid deposits in other types of cerebral amyloidosis is not known, we have conducted immunocytochemical studies on brains from autopsy cases of AD, HCHWA-D, SCAA and neurologically asymptomatic elderly individuals. Brains from two subjects without neurologic involvement were used as controls. Sections from these specimens were incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against 1) a synthetic peptide of 28 residues (anti-SP28), homologous to the NH2-terminal sequence of the beta-protein, 2) the main amyloid component of the HCHWA-I, a variant of cystatin C, and 3) purified fraction of neurofibrillary tangles. In all cases, anti-SP28 antibody specifically stained amyloid deposits in leptomeningeal and cortical vessels and neuritic plaques. These findings demonstrate that the amyloid deposits of SCAA and aged brains are composed of a protein antigenically similar to AD, HCHWA-D, and Parkinson dementia of Guam beta-protein, suggesting that all of these clinically and etiologically different morbid conditions are pathogenetically related. On this basis, they can be tentatively grouped as beta-protein deposition diseases. In addition, we found that HCHWA-D and SCAA vessels were mainly affected, while in AD parenchymal involvement predominates. These differences in the localization and extent of beta-protein deposits may account from the predominance of vascular complications in HCHWA-D and SCAA and of dementia in AD.
The Atomic Lan (2005)

ATOMIC is an inexpensive O(gigabit) speed LAN built by USCASL it is based upon MOSAIC technology developed for fine-grain, message-passing, massively parallel computation. Each MOSAIC processor is capable of routing variable length packets, while providing added value through simultaneous computing and buffering. ATOMIC scales linearly, with a small interface cost. Each ATOMIC channel has a data carrying capacity of 640Mb/s. A prototype ATOMIC LAN has been constructed along with host interfaces and software that provides full TCP/IP compatibility. Using ATOMIC, 1,500 byte packets have been exchanged between hosts at a rate of more than WM. Other tests have demonstrated throughput of 2.6 million packets per second between two hosts. This paper describes the architecture and performance of ATOMIC.
Disruption of the Epithelial Apical-Junctional Complex by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> CagA (2003)

Helicobacter pylori translocates the protein CagA into gastric epithelial cells and has been linked to peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. We show that injected CagA associates with the epithelial tight-junction scaffolding protein ZO-1 and the transmembrane protein junctional adhesion molecule, causing an ectopic assembly of tight-junction components at sites of bacterial attachment, and altering the composition and function of the apical-junctional complex. Long-term CagA delivery to polarized epithelia caused a disruption of the epithelial barrier function and dysplastic alterations in epithelial cell morphology. CagA appears to target H. pylori to host cell intercellular junctions and to disrupt junction-mediated functions.
MRI of Primary Spinal Epidural Lymphoma: case report (2007)

We present a case with primary thoracic spinal epidural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which involved neuroforamen in the absence of spinal cord compression or paraspinal muscle extension. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion with homogeneous enhancement following the administration of gadolinium. The prognosis of primary spinal epidural lymphoma with minimal symptoms during the early stage is relatively good as compared to those with classical signs of cord compression with more obvious abnormalities on images.
Biochemical Characterization and Structural Analysis of a Bifunctional Cellulase/Xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum (2015)

We expressed an active form of CtCel5E (a bifunctional cellulase/xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum), performed biochemical characterization, and determined its apo- and ligand-bound crystal structures. From the structures, Asn-93, His-168, His-169, Asn-208, Trp-347, and Asn-349 were shown to provide hydrogen-bonding/hydrophobic interactions with both ligands. Compared with the structures of TmCel5A, a bifunctional cellulase/mannanase homolog from Thermotoga maritima, a flexible loop region in CtCel5E is the key for discriminating substrates. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis data confirmed that His-168 is essential for xylanase activity, and His-169 is more important for xylanase activity, whereas Asn-93, Asn-208, Tyr-270, Trp-347, and Asn-349 are critical for both activities. In contrast, F267A improves enzyme activities.
Chromogenic Photonic Crystals Enabled by Novel Vapor‐Responsive Shape‐Memory Polymers (2015)

A new type of shape-memory polymer (SMP) is developed by integrating scientific principles drawn from two disparate fields: the fast-growing photonic crystal and SMP technologies. This new SMP enables room-temperature operation for the entire shape-memory cycle and instantaneous shape recovery triggered by exposure to a variety of organic vapors.
Effect of Phase Retardation on Defect‐Mode Lasing in Polymeric Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2004)

Lasing via a phase retardation defect mode is reported for the first time. The Figure shows the far‐field pattern of laser emission realized by inserting an anisotropic nematic liquid crystal (LC) defect layer between polymer cholesteric LC layers. The system mimics the cuticle of Plusiotis resplendens , a beetle, using the birefringence of the anisotropic layer to achieve reflectance greater than the 50 % provided by simple cholesteric LC photonic bandgaps.
ADP-Ribosylation Factor/COPI-dependent Events at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Interface Are Regulated by the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF1 (2003)

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) mediated recruitment of COPI to membranes plays a central role in transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. The activation of ARFs is mediated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Although several ARF-GEFs have been identified, the transport steps in which they function are still poorly understood. Here we report that GBF1, a member of the Sec7-domain family of GEFs, is responsible for the regulation of COPI-mediated events at the ER-Golgi interface. We show that GBF1 is essential for the formation, differentiation, and translocation of pre-Golgi intermediates and for the maintenance of Golgi integrity. We also show that the formation of transport-competent ER-to-Golgi intermediates proceeds in two stages: first, a COPI-independent event leads to the formation of an unstable compartment, which is rapidly reabsorbed in the absence of GBF1 activity. Second, the association of GBF1 with this compartment allows COPI recruitment and leads to its maturation into transport intermediates. The recruitment of GBF1 to this compartment is specifically inhibited by brefeldin A. Our findings imply that the continuous recruitment of GBF1 to spatially differentiated membrane domains is required for sustained membrane remodeling that underlies membrane traffic and Golgi biogenesis.
Resolving Ambiguous Naming for an Ionic Liquid Anion (2007)

The use of clear, concise and unambiguous terminology is essential in conveying scientific information. Nowhere is this more important than in chemistry, where most studies adopt the approach of defining a chemical species, with the corresponding structure, and then proceed to investigate reactivity and/or other intrinsic properties of these species. Chemical nomenclature strives to make the process of definition straightforward, and at the same time it aims to key the results to the literature, by means of a terminology that is based on systematic ordering and naming of functional groups. By and large, the chemical naming system (as recognized by IUPAC) works well. Eventually, however, any system reaches its limits, as we have found in the relatively new literature associated with room-temperature ionic liquids.
Method for the Production and Characterization of Tomato Cutin Oligomers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethod for the Production and Characterization of Tomato Cutin OligomersStanley F. Osman, Herve C. Gerard, William F. Fett, Robert A. Moreau, and Robert L. DudleyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 8, 2134–2137Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00056a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00056a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of oxygen concentration on morphogenesis of cranial neural folds and neural crest in cultured rat embryos (1979)

Rat embryos, 9 1/2 days old, cultured with a 5% or 10% O2 gas phase underwent normal or near-normal cranial neurulation; however, culture at 20% or 40% O2 resulted in abnormal morphogenesis of the cranial neural folds from the 9-somite stage onwards, and the brain tube frequently failed to close. Normal morphogenesis was characterized by a narrowing V-shaped profile, development of a slightly concave neuroepithelial surface, and formation of a sharp mediad curvature of the most lateral region prior to midline apposition and fusion. These morphogenetic events were related to cellular changes within the neuroepithelium, namely cell death, onset of neural crest cell migration, and loss of apical microfilament bundles from the most lateral cells. In 20% and 40% O2-cultured embryos, failure of curvature of the neuroepithelium was associated with failure or retardation of the related cellular changes; it may therefore have been due to the maintenance of an excessive rigidity which opposed the forces involved in bringing about the final stage of brain-tube formation. Mitochondria in normal (low O2 and in vivo) embryos were of the anaerobic type, having few cristae; in high O2-cultured embryos they were of the characteristic aerobic type, indicating an adaptation to the abnormal environment.
In vitro cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus-6). (1988)

We investigated the cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) (also designated Human Herpesvirus-6) in vitro by infecting fresh MN cells from normal human adult peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, tonsil, and thymus. Cultures from all the sources examined contained infectable cells, as shown by the appearance of characteristic enlarged, round-shaped, short-lived cells expressing HBLV-specific markers. Detailed immunological analysis demonstrated that the vast majority of these cells expressed T cell-associated antigens (i.e., CD7, CD5, CD2, CD4, and to a lesser extent, CD8). The CD3 antigen and the TCR-alpha/beta heterodimer were not detectable on the surface membrane, but were identified within the cytoplasm of HBLV-infected cells, by both immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. A proportion of the HBLV-infected cell population also expressed the CD15 and class II MHC DR antigens. By means of immunoselection procedures it was possible to show that a consistent proportion of HBLV-infectable cells were contained within the CD3-depleted immature T cell population, while the depletion of CD2+ cells completely abrogated the infectability of the cultures. Northern blot analysis confirmed the T cell origin of HBLV-infected cells, demonstrating the expression of full size TCR-alpha and -beta chain mRNA. In addition to fresh T cells, HBLV was able to infect normal T lymphocytes expanded in vitro with IL-2 for greater than 30 d. These results indicate that HBLV is selectively T cell tropic in the course of the in vitro infection of normal mononuclear cells and may therefore be directly involved in the pathogenesis of T cell related hematological disorders. In particular, in light of the cytopathic effect exerted in vitro on CD4+ T lymphocytes, a possible role of HBLV in immune deficiency conditions should be considered.