gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 for low-rate wireless personal area networks (2006)

IEEE 802.15.4 is an emerging standard specifically designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN) with a focus on enabling the wireless sensor networks. It attempts to provide a low data rate, low power, and low cost wireless networking on the device-level communication. In this paper, we have established a realistic environment for the preliminary performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks. Several sets of practical experiments are conducted to study its various features, including the effects of 1) the direct and indirect data transmissions, 2) CSMA-CA mechanism, 3) data pay load size, and 4) beacon-enabled mode. The data throughput, delivery ratio, and received signal strength indication (RSSI) are investigated as the performance metrics. The results show that IEEE 802.15.4 has better performance in non-beacon mode. Some issues that could degrade the network performance are also discussed in this paper
Obesity: Responding to the global epidemic. (2002)

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and other developed nations. In the United States, 27% of adults are obese and an additional 34% are overweight. Research in the past decade has shown that genetic influences clearly predispose some individuals to obesity. The marked increase in prevalence, however, appears to be attributable to a toxic environment that implicitly discourages physical activity while explicitly encouraging the consumption of supersized portions of high-fat, high-sugar foods. Management of the obesity epidemic will require a two-pronged approach. First, better treatments, including behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions, are needed for individuals who are already obese. The second and potentially more promising approach is to prevent the development of obesity by tackling the toxic environment. This will require bold public policy initiatives such as regulating food advertising directed at children. The authors call not for the adoption of a specific policy initiative, but instead propose that policy research, based on viewing obesity as a public health problem, become a central focus of research.
The future of genetically engineered plants to stabilize yield and improve feed (2017)

Recent biotechnological developments that tackle different crop improvement challenges, including both decreased yield and feed quality with ever increasing impact of different biotic and abiotic stresses, are readily becoming available to imprint lasting positive economic impacts on the cost of crop production and feeding animals. The challenge in improving digestibility of feed for the benefits of improving growth per unit of fed biomass, which is also shared by the bioethanol industry using lingo-cellulose as feedstock, can be achieved through diversifying feed source. In this article, where the available biotechnological options and possibilities for use of the genetically engineered plants to stabilize yield and improved feed quality have been reviewed, emphasis has been given on accelerating the use of genome editing tools.
Novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, “Skulachev-Ion” derivatives, accelerate dermal wound healing in animals (2010)

It is shown that the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) stimulates healing of full-thickness dermal wounds in mice and rats. Treatment with nanomolar doses of SkQ1 in various formulations accelerated wound cleaning and suppressed neutrophil infiltration at the early (7 h) steps of inflammatory phase. SkQ1 stimulated formation of granulation tissue and increased the content of myofibroblasts in the beginning of regenerative phase of wound healing. Later this effect caused accumulation of collagen fibers. Local treatment with SkQ1 stimulated re-epithelization of the wound. Lifelong treatment of mice with SkQ1 supplemented with drinking water strongly stimulated skin wounds healing in old (28 months) animals. In an in vitro model of wound in human cell cultures, SkQ1 stimulated movement of epitheliocytes and fibroblasts into the "wound". Myofibroblast differentiation of subcutaneous fibroblasts was stimulated by SkQ1. It is suggested that SkQ1 stimulates wound healing by suppression of the negative effects of oxidative stress in the wound and also by induction of differentiation. Restoration of regenerative processes in old animals is consistent with the "rejuvenation" effects of SkQ1, which prevents some gerontological diseases.
Irradiation of rat brain reduces P-glycoprotein expression and function (2007)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hampers delivery of several drugs including chemotherapeutics to the brain. The drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), expressed on brain capillary endothelial cells, is part of the BBB. P-gp expression on capillary endothelium decreases 5 days after brain irradiation, which may reduce P-gp function and increase brain levels of P-gp substrates. To elucidate whether radiation therapy reduces P-gp expression and function in the brain, right hemispheres of rats were irradiated with single doses of 2-25 Gy followed by 10 mg kg(-1) of the P-gp substrate cyclosporine A (CsA) intravenously (i.v.), with once 15 Gy followed by CsA (10, 15 or 20 mg kg(-1)), or with fractionated irradiation (4 x 5 Gy) followed by CsA (10 mg kg(-1)) 5 days later. Additionally, four groups of three rats received 25 Gy once and were killed 10, 15, 20 or 25 days later. The brains were removed and P-gp detected immunohistochemically. P-gp function was assessed by [(11)C]carvedilol uptake using quantitative autoradiography. Irradiation increased [(11)C]carvedilol uptake dose-dependently, to a maximum of 20% above non irradiated hemisphere. CsA increased [(11)C]carvedilol uptake dose-dependently in both hemispheres, but more (P<0.001) in the irradiated hemisphere. Fractionated irradiation resulted in a lost P-gp expression 10 days after start irradiation, which coincided with increased [(11)C]carvedilol uptake. P-gp expression decreased between day 15 and 20 after single dose irradiation, and increased again thereafter. Rat brain irradiation results in a temporary decreased P-gp function.
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for carbaryl (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for carbarylMaria Pilar. Marco, Shirley J. Gee, Hong M. Cheng, Zeng Y. Liang, and Bruce D. HammockCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 3, 423–430Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00027a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00027a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A theoretical model of light-fired thyristors (1975)

A computer model of light-fired thyristors has been developed which calculates device voltage and the spatial distributions of current and temperature as functions of time throughout multiple pulse chains.
Graduating internal medicine residents’ self-assessment and performance of advanced cardiac life support skills (2006)

Internal medicine residents in the US must be competent to perform procedures including Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) to become board-eligible. Our aim was to determine if residents near graduation could assess their skills in ACLS procedures accurately. Participants were 40 residents in a university-based training program. Self-assessments of confidence in managing six ACLS scenarios were measured on a 0 (very low) to 100 (very high) scale. These were compared to reliable observational ratings of residents' performance on a high-fidelity simulator using published treatment protocols. Residents expressed strong self-confidence about managing the scenarios. Residents' simulator performance varied widely (range from 45% to 94%). Self-confidence assessments correlated poorly with performance (median r = 0.075). Self-assessment of performance by graduating internal medicine residents was not accurate in this study. The use of self-assessment to document resident competence in procedures such as ACLS is not a proxy for objective evaluation.
The primary-backup approach (1993)

this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision
Image processing via undecimated wavelet systems (2000)

We have studied undecimated wavelet transforms and their applications in image denoising. Because of the redundancy of the undecimated wavelet transform, the inversion scheme which implements the Moore-Penrose inverse of the forward transform makes undecimated wavelet systems have excellent performance in signal denoising. We propose an image denoising algorithm that prunes the complete undecimated discrete wavelet packet binary tree to select the best basis. Since we believe discarding the small coefficients permits to choose the best basis from the set of coefficients that will really contribute to the reconstructed image, we propose to select the best basis based on the thresholded wavelet coefficients rather than the original ones. We also propose an exponential decay model for autocorrelations of undecimated wavelet coefficients of real-world images. This is a model that captures the dependency of wavelet coefficients within a scale. With this model we present a parametric solution for FIR Wiener filtering in the undecimated wavelet domain. The persistence property of wavelet coefficients indicates strong dependency across scales. To capture the persistence of UDWT we propose an extension of the wavelet-domain hidden Markov tree model (HMT). By introducing the concept of composite coefficient, we simplify the general coefficient graph to be a tree-structure graph which is very suitable for training to obtain the HMT model parameters. This Bayesian framework allows us to formulate the image denoising problem as computing the posterior estimate.
Dynamics of membrane-skeleton (fodrin) organization during development of polarity in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. (1986)

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells exhibit a polarized distribution of membrane proteins between the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. We have initiated studies to investigate whether the spectrin-based membrane skeleton plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of these membrane domains. MDCK cells express an isoform of spectrin composed of two subunits, Mr 240,000 (alpha-subunit) and Mr 235,000 (gamma-subunit). This isoform is immunologically and structurally related to fodrin in lens and brain cells, which is a functional and structural analog of alpha beta-spectrin, the major component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Analysis of fodrin in MDCK cells by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and metabolic labeling revealed significant changes in the biophysical properties, subcellular distribution, steady-state levels, and turnover of the protein during development of a continuous monolayer of cells. The changes in the cellular organization of fodrin did not appear to coincide with the distributions of microfilaments, microtubules, or intermediate filaments. These changes result in the formation of a highly insoluble, relatively dense and stable layer of fodrin which appears to be localized to the cell periphery and predominantly in the region of the basolateral plasma membrane of MDCK cells in continuous monolayers. The formation of this structure coincides temporally and spatially with extensive cell-cell contact, and with the development of the polarized distribution of the Na+, K+-ATPase, a marker protein of the basolateral plasma membrane.
The Occlusion Effect and Ear Canal Sound Pressure Level (1998)

Comparisons were made between changes in the audibility of bone-conduction stimuli to differences in the sound pressure present in the external auditory canal when ears were occluded. Fifteen listeners with normal middle ear function were tested using pure tones of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz, delivered via a bone-conduction oscillator placed on the mastoid process and the frontal bone. At all three frequencies, and both sites of stimulation, ear canal sound pressures were greater in the occluded than in the unoccluded conditions. Concurrently, the test signals were detected at lower intensities, although the changes in audibility and external canal sound pressure levels were not unity. The occlusion effect was attenuated slightly when the skull was vibrated from the frontal bone.
Suppression of cobalt silicide agglomeration using nitrogen (N/sub 2//sup +/) implantation (1998)

In this paper, the effects of nitrogen coimplantation with boron into p/sup +/-poly gate in PMOSFETs on the agglomeration effects of CoSi/sub 2/ are studied. The thermal stability of CoSi/sub 2//poly-Si stacked layers can be significantly improved by using nitrogen implantation. Samples with 40-nm cobalt silicide (CoSi/sub 2/) on 210-nm poly-Si implanted by 2/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/ N/sub 2//sup +/ are thermally stable above 950/spl deg/C for 30 s in N/sub 2/ ambient. If the dose of nitrogen is increased up to 6/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/, the sheet resistance of CoSi/sub 2/ film is not increased at all, and TEM photographs show that the agglomeration of CoSi/sub 2/ film is completely suppressed.
The burden of normality: A framework for rehabilitation after epilepsy surgery (2007)

This paper describes a conceptual framework that generates a modus operandi for rehabilitation after epilepsy surgery derived from regular longitudinal and prospective follow-up of patients and families. The framework focuses on patient experiences of undergoing surgery placed within the context of the family and broader community. It adopts a holistic view of patient care to understand the complex interactions between neurobiological and psychosocial factors that determine surgical outcome in the eyes of the patient, family, and clinical team. It emphasises the importance of anticipating postoperative adjustment issues using a preventive treatment approach.
A Bioinorganic View of Alzheimer’s Disease: When Misplaced Metal Ions (Re)direct the Electrons to the Wrong Target (2012)

Metal ions Cu, Zn and Fe, seem to play a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In order to understand this in a broader sense, one has to considerer the peculiarities of metal metabolism in the brain compared to most other tissues, as well as the importance of the redox active metal ions, Fe and Cu, in oxygen metabolism and the connected oxidative stress.
FROM LASER POINT CLOUD TO SURFACE: DATA REDUCTION PROCEDURE TEST (2009)

Data of object surface for reverse engineering can be captured either from contact or noncontact method. Laser scanning (non-contact method) usually gives high accuracy of captured data, however it also produces high point density. The difficulty of processing million of points captured by laser scanning device is the main problem to generate useful surface model. Data reduction process should be performed to reduce the number of points while maintaining the accuracy. This paper evaluated data reduction procedures on point cloud from laser scanner device. The procedures comprise of noise filtering, filter redundancy and point sampling method. Each procedure was tested using two types of sample models (freeform and primitive). The results show that the combination of filtering methods help to reduce the amount of original point cloud while maintaining the detail of surface
<title>A robust multiple watermarking scheme in the discrete wavelet transform domain</title> (2004)

Because of the transition from analog to digital technologies, content owners are seeking technologies for the protection of copyrighted multimedia content. Encryption and watermarking are two major tools that can be used to prevent unauthorized consumption and duplication. In this paper, we generalize an idea in a recent paper that embeds a binary pattern in the form of a binary image in the LL and HH bands at the second level of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) decomposition. Our generalization includes all four bands (LL, HL, LH, and HH), and a comparison of embedding a watermark at first and second level decompositions. We tested the proposed algorithm against fifteen attacks. Embedding the watermark in lower frequencies is robust to a group of attacks, and embedding the watermark in higher frequencies is robust to another set of attacks. Only for rewatermarking and collusion attacks, the watermarks extracted from all four bands are identical. Our experiments indicate that first level decomposition appear advantageous for two reasons: The area for watermark embedding is maximized, and the extracted watermarks are more textured with better visual quality.
Cell growth and resistance of<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>subsp.<i>lactis</i>TOMSC161 following freezing, drying and freeze-dried storage are differentially affected by fermentation conditions (2014)

A better insight on the individual and interaction effects of fermentation parameters made it possible the freeze-drying and storage preservation of a sensitive strain of technological interest. Evidence on the particularly damaging effect of the drying step and the high-temperature storage is presented.
AHOXA13 allele with a missense mutation in the homeobox and a dinucleotide deletion in the promoter underlies Guttmacher syndrome (2002)

Guttmacher syndrome, a dominantly inherited combination of distal limb and genital tract abnormalities, has several features in common with hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS), including hypoplastic first digits and hypospadias. The presence of features not seen in HFGS, however, including postaxial polydactyly of the hands and uniphalangeal 2(nd) toes with absent nails, suggests that it represents a distinct entity. HFGS is caused by mutations in the HOXA13 gene. We have therefore re-investigated the original Guttmacher syndrome family, and have found that affected individuals are heterozygous for a novel missense mutation in the HOXA13 homeobox (c.1112A>T; homeodomain residue Q50L), which arose on an allele already carrying a novel 2-bp deletion (-78-79delGC) in the gene's highly conserved promoter region. This deletion produces no detectable abnormalities on its own, but may contribute to the phenotype in the affected individuals. The missense mutation, which alters a key residue in the recognition helix of the homeodomain, is likely to perturb HOXA13's DNA-binding properties, resulting in both a loss and a specific gain of function.
Induction of antibodies to the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) by cross-priming with heterologous MSP1s. (1994)

The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum possesses intervening conserved and nonconserved sequences. The relative importance of these sequences in providing T cell help for Ab production was investigated in a series of cross-priming studies using homologous and heterologous parasite MSP1 proteins. Cross-priming with heterologous MSP1s was as efficient as homologous immunizations in inducing anti-MSP1 Abs. Similar to homologous immunization, cross-priming with heterologous MSP1s induced primarily Abs to conserved epitopes. The specificities of the Abs were also similar for the two immunization regimens. Studies were also performed with use of the C-terminal p42 fragment of MSP1 expressed in baculovirus (BVp42). When BVp42 was used either as the priming Ag followed by boosting with homologous (or heterologous) MSP1 or as the booster Ag after priming with homologous (or heterologous) MSP1, much lower anti-BVp42 Ab titers were produced compared with priming/boosting with homologous or heterologous MSP1s or BVp42 alone. Thus, immunization with the complete parasite MSP1 induced a dominant, conserved Th epitope(s) specific for anti-p42 Ab production, and such determinant(s) was either located outside the p42 region or was not provided by the BVp42 because of possible differences in the processing of parasite MSP1 vs BVp42. Our data provided a strong rationale to identify and include conserved Th epitope(s) in MSP1 vaccines. Furthermore, a MSP1 vaccine on the basis of the C-terminal p42 fragment may benefit by the inclusion of additional Th epitopes to achieve effective boosting in the field.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of ferulate esters (2000)

Abstract Four commercially available esterases were screened for their ability to esterify ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy cinnamate). Novozym ® 435 was found to be the only one of those screened to convert ferulic acid to ethyl and octyl ferulate at 20 and 14% yields, respectively. The highest percentage conversion was obtained using a 1∶1 mole ratio of alcohol to ferulic acid in stirred batch reactions in anhydrous 2‐methyl‐2‐propanol at 60°C using one equivalent (wt/wt based on ferulic acid) of Novozym 435. Increased water content and a higher alcohol/ethyl ferulate ratio had adverse effects on the lipase‐catalyzed esterification. The Novozym 435 activity was tested in less polar solvents (anhydrous toluene and hexane) by monitoring the alcoholysis of ethyl ferulate with 1‐octanol, which resulted in a 50% yield of octyl ferulate. The alcoholysis was improved to 83% by applying a 16 mm Hg vacuum for 5 min every 24 h to remove the ethanol co‐product. The optimal alcoholysis parameters were applied to the alcoholysis of ethyl ferulate with monoolein and the transesterification with triolein. The transesterification of ethyl ferulate with triolein in anhydrous toluene produced a combined 44% yield of ferulyl monoolein and ferulyl diolein, a 20% greater yield than that obtained for alcoholysis using monoolein. The highest yield, 77%, of ferulyl monoolein and ferulyl diolein was achieved using a threefold excess of neat triolein. The lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of ethyl ferulate with triolein appears to be a technically feasible route to ferulyl‐substituted acylglycerols, which are potentially useful sunscreen ingredients.
Electromagnetic band gap characteristics from closely coupled double layer dipole and tripole arrays (2003)

The electromagnetic band gap performance of closely coupled metallodielectric electromagnetic band gap (CCMEBG) surfaces is investigated using double layer dipole and tripole arrays. We present measurements of both dipole and tripole CCMEBG array responses with regards to surface wave propagation and we make comparisons with corresponding single layer MEBG arrays.
Potassium ion-exchanged Er-Yb doped phosphate glassamplifier (1997)

A process is developed to make potassium ion-exchanged waveguides in erbium-ytterbium co-doped phosphate glasses. The effects of pump and signal wavelengths, and of the waveguide length on the gain in the waveguides are investigated. At a signal wavelength of 1.530 µm, 19.5 dB internal gain is achieved in a 6 mm long waveguide; the measured noise factor is 4 dB.