gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Two-Dimensional Load-Extension Tester for Fabrics and Film (1958)

Fabrics in use are rarely subjected to extensions in only one direction, though fabric load-extension testing is normally done in this way. A two-dimensional tester has been constructed with which load-extension curves for both weft and warp directions (or any other mutually perpendicular directions) are recorded simultaneously. The internal strain within the homogeneously strained portion at the center of the fabric is also recorded. The instrument is suitable for making measurements on both knitted and woven fabrics and on plastic hlm.
Changes in the density and distribution of sympathetic nerves in spleens from Lewis rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis suggest that an injury and sprouting response occurs (2005)

Previously we demonstrated reduced norepinephrine concentrations in spleens from Lewis rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA), an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. This study extends these findings, examining the anatomical localization and density of sympathetic nerves in the spleen with disease development. Noradrenergic (NA) innervation in spleens of Lewis rats was examined 28 days following adjuvant treatment to induce arthritis or vehicle for the adjuvant by using fluorescence histochemistry for catecholamines, with morphometric analysis and immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase. In AA rats, sympathetic nerve density in the hilar regions, where NA nerves enter the spleen, was increased twofold over that observed in vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, there was a striking twofold decline in the density of NA nerves in splenic regions distal to the hilus in arthritic rats compared with nonarthritic rats. In both treatment groups, NA nerves distributed to central arterioles, white pulp regions, trabeculae, and capsule. However, NA nerve density was reduced in the white pulp but was increased in the red pulp in AA rats compared with non-AA rats. These findings indicate an injury/sprouting response with disease development whereby NA nerves die back in distal regions and undergo a compensatory sprouting response in the hilus. The redistribution of NA nerves from white pulp to red pulp suggests that these nerves signal activated immune cells localized in the red pulp in AA. Although the mechanisms of this redistribution of NA nerves into the red pulp are not known, it may be due to migration from white pulp to red pulp of target immune cells that provide trophic support for these nerves. The redistribution of NA nerves into the red pulp may be critical in modulating immune functions that contribute to the chronic inflammatory stages of arthritis.
On a Model of Virtual Address Translation (2015)

Modern computers are not Random Access Machines (RAMs). They have a memory hierarchy, multiple cores, and a virtual memory. We address the computational cost of the address translation in the virtual memory. The starting point for our work on virtual memory is the observation that the analysis of some simple algorithms (random scan of an array, binary search, heapsort) in either the RAM model or the External Memory (EM) model does not correctly predict growth rates of actual running times. We propose the Virtual Address Translation (VAT) model to account for the cost of address translations and analyze the algorithms mentioned and others in the model. The predictions agree with the measurements. We also analyze the VAT-cost of cache-oblivious algorithms.
The COMOGA Method: Constrained Optimisation by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (1997)

This paper describes a novel method for attacking constrained opti- misation problems with evolutionary algorithms, and demonstrates its effective- ness over a range of problems. COMOGA (Constrained Optimisation by Multi- Objective Genetic Algorithms) combines two evolutionary techniques for multi- objective optimisation with a simple regulatory mechanism to produce a constrained optimisation method. It shares the universal applicability of penalty-function ap- proaches, but requires significantly fewer free control parameters. COMOGA takes a dual perspective, considering a constrained optimisation problem sometimes as a constraint satisfaction problem, and sometimes as an un- constrained optimisation problem. These two formulations are treated simultane- ously, using a single population, by basing each selection decision on the basis of either constraint violation or function value. A simple adaptive feedback mech- anism couples the two formulations by adjusting the relative likelihood of these choices. Unlike penalty function approaches, COMOGA dynamically adapts the emphasis placed on constraint satisfaction and objective function value as the op- timisation proceeds, usually yielding final populations which are both feasible and highly fit. COMOGA has been successfully applied to real industrial problems with com- parable performance to highly tuned penalty function approaches. On a test suite of constrained problems previously studied by Michalewicz, application of CO- MOGA required minimal effort but proved superior to all previous evolutionary methods known to have been applied; indeed it was the only method which found feasible solutions in every run for every problem.
The application of phase relationships to complex structures. III. The optimum use of phase relationships (1971)

An improvement is described in the automatic procedure for solving crystal structures incorporated in the computer program LSAM . The development of signs from an initial set containing symbols is carried only as far as is necessary to establish strong relationships between the symbols. The information so gained is used in a fresh beginning of the symbolic-addition process. Some failure of relationships between symbols is allowed to give a multisolution method. A phase-permutation computer program for non-centrosymmetric structures, MULTAN , incorporates a weighted tangent formula. This is of the form {\rm tan}\varphi_{\bf h} = {{\sum_{\bf h'}w_{\bf h'},w_{\bf h-h'}|E_{\bf h'}E_{\bf h-h'}| \sin (\varphi_{\bf h'} + \varphi_{\bf h-h'})}\over{\sum_{\bf h'}w_{\bf h'},w_{\bf h-h'}|E_{\bf h'}E_{\bf h-h'}| \cos (\varphi_{\bf h'} + \varphi_{\bf h-h'})}} = {{T_{\bf h}}\over{B_{\bf h}}} and w_{\bf h} = {\rm tanh}\{ \sigma_3\sigma_2^{-3/2}|E_{\bf h}|(T_{\bf h}^2 + B_{\bf h}^2)^{1/2}\}.All phases are accepted as soon as they are found with the associated weight. This gives a fourfold increase in speed in development of the complete phase set. An absolute figure of merit is described to indicate probably correct phase sets for multisolution methods.
Overproduction of Rb Protein after the G <sub>1</sub> /S Boundary Causes G <sub>2</sub> Arrest (1993)

The Rb protein is known to exert its activity at decision points in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. To investigate whether it may also play some role(s) at later points in the cell cycle, we used a system of rapid inducible gene amplification to conditionally overexpress Rb protein during G2 phase. A cell line expressing a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen (T-Ag) was stably transfected with plasmids containing the Rb cDNA linked to the simian virus 40 origin of replication: pRB-wt, pRB-fs, and pRB-Dra, carrying wild-type murine Rb cDNA, a frameshift mutation close to the beginning of the Rb coding region, and a single-amino-acid deletion in the E1A/T-Ag binding pocket, respectively. Numerous independent cell lines were isolated at the nonpermissive temperature; cell lines displaying a high level of episomal amplification of an intact Rb expression cassette following shiftdown to the permissive temperature were chosen for further analysis. Plasmid pRB-fs did not express detectable Rb antigen, while pRB-Dra expressed full-length Rb protein. The Dra mutation has previously been shown to abrogate phosphorylation as well as T-Ag binding. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed that cultures induced to overexpress either wild-type or Dra mutant Rb proteins were significantly enriched for cells with a G2 DNA content. Cultures that amplified pRB-fs or rearranged pRB-wt and did not express Rb protein had normal cell cycle profiles. Double-label FACS analysis showed that cells overexpressing Rb or Rb-Dra proteins were uniformly accumulating in G2, whereas cells expressing endogenous levels of Rb were found throughout the cell cycle. These results indicate that Rb protein is interacting with some component(s) of the cell cycle-regulatory machinery during G2 phase.
Circuit techniques for subthreshold leakage reduction in a deep sub-micron process (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Disease Risk Prediction by Mining Personalized Health Trend Patterns: A Case Study on Diabetes (2012)

Health examination has played an important role for maintaining people's health since it can not only help people understand their own health conditions clearly but also avoid missing the best timing of disease treatment. However, in current health examination systems, people get only a basic report from single health examination and no advanced health risk analysis is provided. In this paper, we proposed an effective mechanism for chronic disease risk prediction by mining the data containing historical health records and personal life style information. Value change trends of the data are important for disease status prediction, and we defined significant ones as health risk patterns in our mechanism. Risks of a chronic disease can be predicted early with a mechanism built with our health risk patterns and it also proven work well through experimental evaluations on real datasets. Our method outperformed traditional mechanism in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity for predicting the risk of diabetes. In particular, insightful observations show that the consideration of life-style information can effectively enhance whole performance for risk prediction. Moreover, classification rules produced by our mechanism which integrates C4.5 and CBA provide physicians disease related health risk patterns such that appropriate treatments could be given to people for disease prevention.
Mitochondrial import and processing of mutant human ornithine transcarbamylase precursors in cultured cells. (1988)

We have investigated mitochondrial import and processing of the precursor for human ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC; carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) in HeLa cells stably transformed with cDNA sequences encoding OTC precursors carrying mutations in their leader peptides. The mutant precursors studied included two with amino acid substitutions in the 32-amino-acid leader peptide (glycine for arginine at position 23, designated gly23; glycines for arginines at positions 15, 23, and 26, designated gly15,23,26) and two with deletions (deletion of residues 8 to 22, designated d8-22; deletion of residues 17 to 32, designated N16). Specific immunoprecipitation with anti-OTC antiserum of extracts of L-[35S]methionine-labeled cells expressing these mutations yielded only precursor species; neither mature nor intermediate-size OTC subunits were observed. Fractionation of radiolabeled cells, however, revealed important differences among the various mutants: the gly23 precursor was associated with mitochondria and was not detected in the cytosol; the d8-22 and N16 precursors were found with both the mitochondrial fraction and the cytosol; only the gly15,23,26 precursor was detected exclusively in the cytosol. A large fraction of each of the mitochondrially associated OTC species was in a trypsin-protected compartment. In particular, the gly23 precursor behaved in trypsin protection and mitochondrial fractionation studies in a manner consistent with its translocation into the mitochondrial matrix. On the other hand, the lack of binding of the gly23 protein to a delta-N-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine affinity column, which specifically recognizes active OTC enzyme, indicated that, despite its intramitochondrial location, the mutant protein did not assemble into the normal, active trimer. Further, the gly23 mutant precursor was unstable within the mitochondria and was degraded with a t1/2 of less further than 4 h. Thus, we have shown that, in intact HeLa cells, cleavage of the OTC leader peptide is not required for translocation into mitochondria, but is required for assembly into active enzyme.
Strip-Loaded Sol-Gel Waveguides: Design and Fabrication (2001)

Sol-gel is one of the most attractive techniques for production of silica-on-silicon integrated optical devices. In fact, it combines low cost with flexibility and ease of doping; thus, nonlinear and active compounds can be effectively included in the silica matrix. Here, the feasibility of applying the sol-gel technique to the realization of an erbium-doped optical amplifier is reported on, operating in the third telecommunication window. In particular, the development of an optimum strategy for the design and fabrication of a guiding structure in the strip-loaded configuration is described. Design optimization results, as well as fabrication results and measured characteristics, are described and discussed.
1048 (2012)

Introduction: Pilot study to test a new tube feed advancement guideline designed to allow patients to achieve their goal rates faster. Hypothesis: New tube feeding advancement guidelines will be tolerated by patients and lead to patients achieving their goal rates faster. Methods: Prospective pilot study carried out in 51 adult critical care beds in a university-affiliated hospital medical center. During 2011 a pilot study was performed to assess patient tolerance and feasibility of new tube feed advancement guidelines. Consecutive patients from the adult critical care units who were started on tube feedings were enrolled. Patients were excluded because of surgery or increasing pressor requirements. Pilot advancement guidelines started tube feedings at half goal rate and advanced to goal rate after 4 hours if residuals <200ml. It was determined whether patients were tolerating tube feedings at 24 and 48 hours after advancement to goal. Intolerance was defined as high residuals (>500ml), emesis, and abdominal distension. The use of motility agents was also tracked. Descriptive statistics were used to describe our results. Results: We enrolled a total of 63 patients with tube feeding orders with the pilot tube feeding advancement guidelines. 93.7% of the patients were on the ventilator. 6.3% (4/63) of the patients were already on motility agents. Three additional patients had motility agents added after tube feedings were started. Tube feedings were tolerated at 24-hours in 95.2% (60/63) of patients and in 92.1% (58/63) of patients at 48-hours. There were no adverse events noted during the pilot study. Conclusions: The majority of adult critically ill patients tolerate their tube feedings advanced to goal rates faster than current practice without any complications.
Atomic-layer deposition of wear-resistant coatings for microelectromechanical devices (2003)

Friction and wear are major concerns in the performance and reliability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices employing sliding contacts. While many tribological coating materials are available, most traditional surface coating processes are unable to apply conformal coatings to the high aspect ratio (height/width) structures typical of MEMS devices. We demonstrate that thin, conformal, wear-resistant coatings can be applied to Si surface-micromachined structures by atomic-layer deposition (ALD). For this demonstration, we apply 10-nm-thick films of Al2O3 using a binary reaction sequence with precursors of trimethyl aluminum and water. Deposition is carried out in a viscous flow reactor at 1 Torr and 168 °C, with N2 as a carrier gas. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that films are uniform to within 5% on MEMS device structures with aspect ratio ranging from 0 to &gt;100. Films are stoichiometric Al2O3, with no evidence of contamination from other species, and are amorphous. Preliminary friction and wear data show that ALD films have promising properties for application to MEMS devices.
Trust, but verify (2014)

The largest publicly available knowledge repositories, such as Wikipedia and Freebase, owe their existence and growth to volunteer contributors around the globe. While the majority of contributions are correct, errors can still creep in, due to editors' carelessness, misunderstanding of the schema, malice, or even lack of accepted ground truth. If left undetected, inaccuracies often degrade the experience of users and the performance of applications that rely on these knowledge repositories. We present a new method, CQUAL, for automatically predicting the quality of contributions submitted to a knowledge base. Significantly expanding upon previous work, our method holistically exploits a variety of signals, including the user's domains of expertise as reflected in her prior contribution history, and the historical accuracy rates of different types of facts. In a large-scale human evaluation, our method exhibits precision of 91% at 80% recall. Our model verifies whether a contribution is correct immediately after it is submitted, significantly alleviating the need for post-submission human reviewing.
Preterm Infants' T Cell Responses to Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (2009)

Preterm infants develop poliovirus-specific T cell responses that are comparable to those of term infants. However, they demonstrate nonspecific and poliovirus-specific functional T cell limitations, suggesting that investigations into whether T cell differences remain as preterm infants mature are warranted.
A Low Cost Embedded Instrumentation (EI) Framework for Vehicle Health Management Systems (VHMS) (2008)

This paper presents an overview of emerging technology components that in combination form a low cost embedded computing infrastructure and framework for embedded instrumentation (EI) for VHMS. The paper will present how the EI technology adds Real Time - VHMS with very low weight (or even weight savings) in legacy and new air, ground and sea platforms. First the authors will describe the need, customer requirements, and benefits for adding EI for VHMS to old and new platforms. Next the authors will describe the barriers often encountered by developers of current EI VHMS concepts, i.e., safety issues, software development, installation and use certification, data analysis, support centers and life cycle cost. Next the authors will present how these barriers are being overcome with an initial application for ground vehicles using the new EI architecture to provide real-time VHMS. Next the authors will present how a well constructed general purpose EI framework can be defined that reduces development time and minimizes installed weight as well addressing other issues. The authors will explain its open architecture with features such as user defined real-time data collection, data storage, custom analyses, and publish/ subscribe environment that accommodates updates, messages, alerts and off loading. Finally, the paper will end with examples of snap-in connectors and designed in "smart wiring" based approaches that have been developed with MDA Airborne Laser, Army, and Navy funding. This technology is being advanced to field testing on Army ground vehicles to pave the way for application to military and commercial aircraft.
Reduction of Aromatic Ketones into Methylenes Using Triethylsilane and Titanium Tetrachloride. Synthesis of 2-Aminobutanoic Acids (1995)

5. Reduction of ethyl 4-(4chlomphenyl)-2-(methoxycarbony1amino)4o~ob~tanoate with Et3SiH in boiling C F 3 W gave ethyl 4-(4-chlomphenyl)-2-(methoxycarbony1amino)butanoate in only 15% yield 6. Optical purity of the product was determined by hplc analysis.7.
Measuring MTF of Paper by Sinusoidal Test Pattern Projection (1997)

Image quality of hardcopy is significantly influenced by paper characteristics. Light scattering phenomena in paper produce optical dot gain, which has a large influence on the tone reproduction characteristics of halftone images. Light scattering phenomena in paper can be represented by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of paper. However, little has been reported on techniques for measuring the MTF of paper. In this study, a new technique for measuring MTF of paper is proposed. We have developed a modified microdensitometer to project a sinusoidal test pattern on sample paper. The reflection density distribution of the projected sinusoidal test pattern was measured by the microdensitometer, and the MTFs of various types of papers obtained. The point spread function (PSF) of paper was calculated by the Fourier transform of the measured MTF. The PSF could be expressed by an exponential function. The obtained PSFs were applied to a model to predict reflection density of the halftone image. This result showed that the predicted density is approximately the same as the measured density in the halftone image and the estimated optical dot gain is well correlated to the measured optical dot gain.
Cooperative interactions between the central spindle and the contractile ring during Drosophila cytokinesis (1998)

We analyzed male meiosis in mutants of the chickadee (chic) locus, a Drosophila melanogaster gene that encodes profilin, a low molecular weight actin-binding protein that modulates F-actin polymerization. These mutants are severely defective in meiotic cytokinesis. During ana-telophase of both meiotic divisions, they exhibit a central spindle less dense than wild type; certain chic allelic combinations cause almost complete disappearance of the central spindle. Moreover, chic mutant spermatocytes fail to form an actomyosin contractile ring. To further investigate the relationships between the central spindle and the contractile ring, we examined meiosis in the cytokinesis-defective mutants KLP3A and diaphanous and in testes treated with cytochalasin B. In all cases, we found that the central spindle and the contractile ring in meiotic ana-telophases were simultaneously absent. Together, these results suggest a cooperative interaction between elements of the actin-based contractile ring and the central spindle microtubules: When one of these structures is disrupted, the proper assembly of the other is also affected. In addition to effects on the central spindle and the cytokinetic apparatus, we observed another consequence of chic mutations: A large fraction of chic spermatocytes exhibit abnormal positioning and delayed migration of asters to the cell poles. A similar phenotype was seen in testes treated with cytochalasin B and has been noted previously in mutants at the twinstar locus, a gene that encodes a Drosophila member of the cofilin/ADF family of actin-severing proteins. These observations all indicate that proper actin assembly is necessary for centrosome separation and migration.
Ad-hoc Storage Overlay System (ASOS): A Delay-Tolerant Approach in MANETs (2006)

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are most useful in unprepared emergencies where critical applications must be launched quickly. However, they often operate in an adverse environment where end-to-end connectivity is highly susceptible to disruption. Adjusting the motion of existing nodes or deploying additional nodes can improve the connectivity under some circumstances, but for scenarios where connectivity cannot be immediately improved, disruption must be coped with properly. In this paper we propose the ad-hoc storage overlay system (ASOS). ASOS is a self-organized overlay of storage-abundant nodes to jointly provide distributed and reliable storage to data flows under disruption. ASOS is a delay-tolerant networking (DTN) approach that significantly improves the applicability of MANETs in practice