gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. (2010)

The fms-like receptor tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3), which is important for the normal development of hematopoietic stem cells and cells of the immune system, is frequently mutated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 is, therefore, a potential therapeutic target in AML. Recently, FLT3 inhibitors have shown therapeutic activity in AML patients with FLT3 mutations. Sorafenib and sunitinib were the first FLT3 inhibitors to be studied in the clinic and have the most clinically relevant data. Limited data are available for midostaurin (PKC412), lestaurtinib (CEP-701), tandutinib (MLN518), AC220, and KW-2449. It is likely that optimal application of these agents will involve combinations of inhibitors and combinations of inhibitors and chemotherapy, potentially with a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor such as everolimus or temsirolimus. This review discusses the theoretical rationale for the use of these agents and summarizes the relevant clinical data.
Designing efficient aberration-free holographic lenses in the presence of a construction–reconstruction wavelength shift (1982)

We have derived an analytic procedure for recording a flat, volume-phase-transmission holographic optical element at a wavelength different from that at which it is to be used. The procedure guarantees that the resulting element will have diffraction-limited aberration performance. Furthermore it guarantees, to a first order, that the Bragg condition for high diffraction efficiency will be satisfied. The technique gives simple analytic expressions for the required object and reference construction-beam phases at the element. In general, the object and reference construction beams must be realized by using computer-generated holograms in conjunction with conventional refractive or reflective optics.
The influence of the planted geophone on seismic land data (1980)

Abstract Characteristics of the seismic data acquisition system that previously have been ignored become important as more sophisticated interpretive methods based on broader frequency bandwidths are developed to extract stratigraphic information from land data in hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the geophone plant can be approximated by a damped oscillatory coupling, properties dependent upon the geophone mass, dimension of earth contact, and local soil consolidation.A massive geophone with minimal earth contact exhibits a low-frequency plant resonance with weak damping and acts as a low-pass filter to eliminate the high-frequency components of a recorded signal.A lightweight geophone with large earth contact exhibits a high-frequency plant resonance with strong damping and, consequently, filtering effects are minimal if the plant resonance is well above the signal bandwidth. Although signal filtering influences are weak for strong damping, phase delays can introduce errors of several milliseconds which resemble static errors. Additional complications arise since these time shifts are frequency dependent and, consequently, not identical for all reflection events in a seismic trace.The resonant frequency of the geophone plant increases with increased soil consolidation; however, damping demonstrates only a weak dependence upon consolidation.All of these factors can limit the effectiveness of common-depth-point (CDP) stacking methods if the proper technique is not practiced in the acquisition of broad-bandwidth seismic data.
A Renewable Frequency Synthesizer On- Line Based on the USB Interface (2006)

This paper introduced the design and realization of a renewable frequency synthesizer on- line controlled by a EZ- USB in- terface chip with enhanced 51 core. The article mainly introduces the design of the frequency Synthesizer, the hardware and the software.The output of the frequency synthesizer can range from zero to 100MHz precisely, and the precision can be up toHz, the module have been used in several receiver of BB successfully.
On optimal bit loading for multitone ADSL (2002)

Bit loading is a key issue in digital subscriber line transmission employing discrete multitone (DMT) modulation. We demonstrate that most existing algorithms are suboptimal. We present a solution based on the Lagrange multiplier approach. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the solution's performance.
Representation Learning for Treatment Effect Estimation from Observational Data (2018)

Estimating individual treatment effect (ITE) is a challenging problem in causal inference, due to the missing counterfactuals and the selection bias. Existing ITE estimation methods mainly focus on balancing the distributions of control and treated groups, but ignore the local similarity information that is helpful. In this paper, we propose a local similarity preserved individual treatment effect (SITE) estimation method based on deep representation learning. SITE preserves local similarity and balances data distributions simultaneously, by focusing on several hard samples in each mini-batch. Experimental results on synthetic and three real-world datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed SITE method, compared with the state-of-the-art ITE estimation methods.
High-Resolution Dip Estimation Using Plane-Wave Annihilator Filters (2006)

A new parametric method for phase velocity estimation with an array of sensor is presented. It does not need a preliminary group velocity calculation and it estimates the function as a whole, providing a continuous and analytic expression. The novelty of the method stands in the velocity model and the initialization of the estimation. The model is based on a spline. This makes the functions smooth enough to guarantee the method's robustness to noise and undesired waves. The search of the best velocity function is initialized with a rough estimate provided by a frequency-wavenumber transform of the data, which highly helps the convergence. This method has been applied to synthetic and real surface wave signals. In both cases the signals corrected with the estimated velocity have a good alignment, in nearly all the spectrum of the wave.
SPEEDY:a fall detector in a wrist watch (2004)

We present a wrist worn fall detector for elderly people.The detector is easy to wear and offers the full functionalityof a small transportable wireless alarm system.It implementsa fall detection algorithm which will alert a callcenter after a heavy fall.This occurs even if the wearer isunconscious or too agitated to press the alarm button himself.The algorithm is designed to work with the fall detectorattached to the wrist.This is probably the most difficultplace for detecting a fall.The algorithm can therefore beexpected to function at other locations on the body.Thesystem combines complex data analysis and wireless communicationcapabilities in a truly wearable watch-like form.This paper summarizes the functionality, architecture andimplementation of the system.
Mechanism of action of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase. Inhibition by structural analogs of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of action of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase. Inhibition by structural analogs of fructose 1,6-diphosphateS. J. Benkovic, J. J. Kleinschuster, M. M. DeMaine, and I. J. SiewersCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 26, 4881–4887Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00802a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00802a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 120 cases (1986)

A review was done of 120 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) seen during a 71-year period. Of the 120 patients, 52 were males and 68 were females with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.3 years; 12 patients were younger than 20 years. The series included 62 (52%) patients with neurofibromatosis, 13 (11%) with postradiation sarcomas, and 19 (16%) with metaplastic foci. The incidence of MPNST arising in neurofibromatosis was 4.6% in the current series and 0.001% in the general clinic population. Tumors greater than 5 cm and the presence of neurofibromatosis adversely affected the prognosis (P less than 0.05). When both features were present, survival was greatly decreased. Patients with tumor in the extremities did better than those with head or neck lesions. Metaplastic foci or previous radiation at the tumor site did not alter the prognosis. Each tumor was graded 1 to 4 on the basis of cellularity, pleomorphism, mitotic index, and necrosis. No significant correlation was noted between survival and either grade or mitotic rate. Survival was improved when total rather than subtotal resection was done. This was most marked in patients with a small lesion, which may reflect the difficulty in adequately excising large tumors. Adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy did not appear to affect survival. The MPNST is an aggressive uncommon neoplasm, and large tumor size, the presence of neurofibromatosis, and total resection are the most important prognostic indicators.
Supervised learning for the legacy document conversion (2004)

We consider the problem of document conversion from the rendering-oriented HTML markup into a semantic-oriented XML annotation defined by user-specific DTDs or XML Schema descriptions. We represent both source and target documents as rooted ordered trees so the conversion can be achieved by applying a set of tree transformations. We apply the supervised learning framework to the conversion task according to which the tree transformations are learned from a set of training examples. %Because of the complexity of tree-to-tree transformations, We develop a two-step approach to the conversion problem, that first labels leaves in the source trees and then recomposes target trees from the leaf labels. We present two solutions based of the leaf classification with the target terminals and paths. Moreover, we develop three methods for the leaf classification. All methods and solutions have been tested on two real collections.
Outbreak of betanodavirus infection in tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> (L.), in fresh water (2009)

A betanodavirus associated with a massive mortality was isolated from larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, maintained in fresh water at 30 degrees C. Histopathology revealed vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by a betanodavirus. The virus was identified by indirect fluorescent antibody test in the SSN1 cell line and further characterized by sequencing of a PCR product. Sequencing of the T4 region of the coat protein gene indicated a phylogenetic clustering of this isolate within the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus type. However, the tilapia isolate formed a unique branch distinct from other betanodavirus isolates. The disease was experimentally reproduced by bath infection of young tilapia at 30 degrees C. The reservoir of virus at the origin of the outbreak remains unidentified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural nodavirus infection in tilapia reared in fresh water.
Multifocal diffractive elements (1994)

A method to compute diffractive elements focusing in a set of scaled lines located in different focal planes along the optical axis is considered. A phase nonlinearity is applied to the phase function of a focusator in a line. It is proved that the selection of the nonlinearity is reduced to the problem of the phase diffraction grating with preset energy distribution in the orders. Multifocal elements to focus in a set of scaled lines in a single plane are considered as well.
Restoration of circadian behavior by anterior hypothalamic heterografts (1995)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a circadian oscillator and an important component of the mammalian circadian system. To determine whether the SCN is the dominant circadian pacemaker responsible for generating a species-typical characteristic of circadian rhythms [i.e., period length (tau)], neural transplantation was conducted using fetal AH donors of different species and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) hosts. The circadian behavior of each of the three donor species is clearly distinguishable by its species-typical tau. The extent of SCN pacemaker autonomy was assessed by noting whether the period of the restored circadian rhythm following heterograft transplantation was characteristic of the donor or the host, or whether an atypical circadian period was established. Hamsters rendered arhythmic by SCN ablation were implanted with AH tissue from fetal hamsters (E13-E14, homograft controls) or fetal mice or rats (E15-E17). The AH homografts restored circadian activity rhythms with a tau similar to that of intact hamsters, and fetal mouse AH heterografts restored circadian rhythmicity with a tau similar to that of the donor mouse strain. However, fetal rat AH tissue implanted into SCNx hamsters renewed circadian rhythmicity with a period significantly shorter than either the species-typical tau of the rat donor or the hamster host. In both the mouse and rat AH heterograft experiments, immunocytochemical analysis performed with species-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed extensive fiber outgrowth from the implant into the host hypothalamus, evident up to 7 months postimplantation. The rat implants were consistently larger, more fully vascularized and exhibited less necrosis than the implanted mouse tissue. The histological appearance of the grafts, thus, provides no explantation for the difference in efficacy of the grafts to restore species-typical behavior. However, several interpretations are considered that are consistent with the combined behavioral results observed.
Integrating ESL into the general curriculum (1986)

This article looks at ways of integrating ESL into the general curriculum by emphasising the use of English as an instrument for other learning. An integrated approach adjusts the quality of the classroom English language experience to facilitate this.
Effect of Excess Endogenous Androgens on Bone Density in Young Women (1988)

To determine whether endogenous androgens influence bone density in young women, we studied 27 normal women and 19 women with androgen excess, as defined by increased serum bioavailable testosterone (bio T) concentrations. The women ranged from 21-48 yr of age. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, anthropomorphic measures, nutrition, gynecological history, and serum cortisol and estradiol levels. Trabecular (lumbar) and cortical (radial) bone density were quantitated by computerized tomography and single photon absorptiometry, respectively. Serum obtained during the follicular phase of the cycle was assayed for bio T, total T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione (Adione), and 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide (3-Adiol-G). Trabecular bone density was significantly higher in the androgen excess group [172 +/- 7 (+/- SE) vs. 153 +/- 5 mg/mL; P = 0.03]; controlling for serum Adione (but not for serum bio T, total T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide, or 3-Adiol-G) abolished this difference. Similarly, serum Adione correlated more strongly than the other androgens with trabecular bone density (r = 0.31; P = 0.03). Average cortical bone density was not higher in the androgen excess group (0.740 +/- 0.014 vs. 0.722 +/- 0.008 g/cm2; P = 0.27). Among the 27 normal women, cortical density was correlated to serum bio T (r = 0.47; P = 0.01) and total T (r = 0.53; P = 0.004), but not to the other androgens. We conclude that supraphysiological levels of endogenous androgens are associated with increased trabecular bone density in young women. Serum Adione appeared to be the best marker for the impact of androgen on trabecular density. Among normal women, cortical bone density was related to serum T.
Raised source/drain MOSFET with dual sidewall spacers (1991)

A raised source/drain (S/D) MOSFET with sidewall spacers formed both before and after selective epitaxial silicon deposition in S/D regions is discussed. The second spacer overlies any faceted regions of the epitaxial silicon near the gate edge and has advantages for MOSFETs with implant-doped or in-situ doped epitaxial silicon regions. In particular, the spacer can prevent S/D dopants from being implanted through any thinner faceted regions near the gate edge, which would otherwise result in a deeper than desired junction depth in the silicon substrate. Additionally, the spacer can prevent source-to-substrate salicide shorts through the thinner faceted regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in atherothrombosis. (2006)

Despite considerable progress in the development of new therapies to control atherosclerosis and its complications, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the number one cause of death in the Western world. While low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been associated with increased risk for CHD, raising HDL to reduce risk of disease has yet to be accepted as a standard therapeutic strategy. Currently available drugs that raise HDL (e.g., nicotinic acid, fibric acid derivatives, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, and statins) also affect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and other lipid constituents, making independent interpretation of their HDL-raising effect difficult to tease apart. Nevertheless, basic science studies suggest that HDL has multiple beneficial effects, and current efforts to develop new pharmacologic products with potent HDL-elevating effects may herald a day when HDL elevation becomes part of standard management of atherosclerotic diseases.
A comprehensive middleware architecture for context-aware ubiquitous computing systems (2005)

Ubiquitous computing is viewed as a computing paradigm where minimal user intervention is necessitated emphasizing detection of environmental conditions and user behaviors in order to maximize user experience. Context-awareness plays vital role in achieving such user-centered ubiquity. In this paper, we describe the desired characteristics of a middleware for context-aware ubiquitous computing. Four key issues are addressed: unified sensing framework, formal modeling and representation of the real world, pluggable reasoning engines for high-level contexts, and response to the real world. Our implementation experience indicates that a comprehensive approach throughout the system layers results in a flexible and reusable middleware framework.
Washington Dulles International Airport passenger conveyance study (1998)

Washington Dulles International Airport transports passengers concourse to concourse using mobile lounges. The airport itself is continuously expanding the number of gates that it will serve to meet airline and passenger demand. A discrete-event simulation model was constructed to show how existing and future operations would impact the mobile lounge fleet. The model is able to show how many mobile lounges to assign for each route, number of docks for each concourse, and headway times.
Cloning and characterization of human cyclin D3, a cDNA closely related in sequence to the PRAD1/cyclin D1 proto-oncogene. (1992)

Cyclins regulate cell cycle progression by complexing with and activating cdc2 or related kinases. PRAD1/cyclin D1 is a recently discovered putative oncogene in several types of human tumors and may regulate G1-S phase progression. We have cloned a related human cDNA, called cyclin D3, from a placental cDNA library by cross-hybridization with PRAD1. In synchronized HeLa cells, the mRNA levels of PRAD1 and cyclin D3 were regulated reciprocally through the cell cycle: cyclin D3 mRNA levels peaked in S phase, where PRAD1 mRNA was lowest in S. In normal human mammary epithelial (70N) cells synchronized by growth factor deprivation and subsequent growth factor stimulation, PRAD1 expression peaked in G1 and declined before S phase, while cyclin D3 expression rose later in G1 and remained elevated in S. Therefore, the close relationship (53.1% identity) between PRAD1 and cyclin D3 does not necessarily imply redundant functions of these candidate G1 cyclins; they may have distinct roles in progression from G1 through S phase.
Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

A number of landmark randomized clinical trials established that insulin therapy reduces microvascular complications (1,2). In addition, recent follow-up data from the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) suggest that early insulin treatment also lowers macrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (3). Whereas there is consensus on the need for insulin, controversy exists on how to initiate and intensify insulin therapy. The options for the practical implementation of insulin therapy are many. In this presentation, we will give an overview of the evidence on the various insulin regimens commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes.

Secondary analyses of the aforementioned landmark trials endeavored to establish a glycemic threshold value below which no complications would occur. The UKPDS found no evidence for such a threshold for A1C, but instead showed that better glycemic control was associated with reduced risks of complications over the whole glycemic range (“the lower the better”) (4). For the management of type 2 diabetes, this resulted in the recommendation to “maintain glycemic levels as close to the nondiabetic range as possible” (5). However, in contrast to the UKPDS, the Kumamoto study observed a threshold, with no exacerbation of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes whose A1C was <6.5%, suggesting no additional benefit in lowering A1C below this level (2). Moreover, the intensive glycemia treatment arm of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study, targeting A1C <6.0%, was discontinued because of higher mortality in this group compared with the standard therapy group targeting A1C from 7.0 to 7.9% (6). Therefore, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendation of an A1C target <7.0% seems the most balanced compromise at present (7).

Another important conclusion of the UKPDS was that the risk reductions in long-term complications were related to the levels of glycemic control …