gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Dopaminergic agents in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia]. (1983)

The treatment of hyperprolactinemia with dopaminergic agents is directly correlated with the improvement of the knowledge about hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion. Since 1963 it is wellknown that the hypothalamus acts on this activity of the pituitary gland with a tonic inhibition. A prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) was suspected for this control and the tubero-infundibular dopaminergic system was considered to modulate the secretion of PIF. In fact a lot of experience demonstrated a direct control of dopamine on pituitary gland itself (fig. 1). Ergot alkaloids are the most useful dopaminergic drugs. They derive from 6 methyl 9 ergoline (fig. 2) and, in the main group of 12 ergocryptine molecules, alpha-ergocryptine and ergocornine are the most potent (fig. 3). Bromocryptine (2 alpha-bromoergocryptine, BEC) is a compound (fig. 4) with a magnification of the effect on prolactin secretion and loss of uterotonic and vasoconstrictive effects. This drug acts directly on normal pituitary cells and on adenomas in vitro. The inhibition of secretion is first seen, followed by inhibition of synthesis. Transplanted tumors (MtTW15) are sensible to ergocornine but not to BEC. The oral administration of the drug is followed by an increase in serum concentration (fig. 5) maximum at 3 hours. The decrease of prolactin is progressive and prolonged until the 7th hour. Some similarities between the structure of dopamine and bromocryptine may explain the effect of the drug (fig. 6). Hyperprolactinemia constitutes a frequent clinical syndrome with amenorrhea-galactorrhea and sterility. The cause is a pituitary tumor composed of prolactin secreting cells. All the clinical and biological manifestations are due to high prolactin secretion and the surgical ablation of the adenoma is followed by complete cure. This result is obtained frequently in microadenomas. The medical treatment of hyperprolactinemia with BEC was initiated in 71 by Lutterbeck. Since that time a lot of clinical experiences give the same kind of results: Improvement in 100% of galactorrhea, 90% of amenorrhea and 80% of fertility. These results are now wellknown and the secondary effects of the drug are quite limited. The development of pregnancy in a patient suspected of a pituitary adenoma is a major problem which is now clearly solved. In a survey of the literature Nillius found 146 patients in this situation with only 5.6% of complication. Our experience with 18 patients is confirmative. Moreover we found after delivery a decrease of serum prolactin (fig. 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Practical limitations on optical amplifier performance (1984)

Practical issues are considered to determine if significant improvements in the sensitivity, of 1.55-μm optical receivers can be realized through the use of semiconductor laser preamplifiers. It is found that practical problems related to realizable values of population inversion parameter, input coupling losses, external optical filter requirements, polarization effects, and source laser stability make it unlikely that optical preamplifiers can approach their optimum performance at data rates below several Gbit/s. The most promising application of optical preamplifiers will therefore be to increase the sensitivity of receivers in future fiber optic communication systems operating at multigigabit data rates.
Feasibility of blood glucose estimation from real time monitoring (2013)

The present work demonstrates the feasibility of estimating blood glucose using a microstrip antenna in a wireless system where the antenna is strapped on a diabetic patient's arm. The antenna is connected to a network analyzer that is automated to make measurements every 15 seconds. The antenna response is monitored in real time and analyzed to correlate changes in the S11 frequency response to blood glucose concentration levels. The measured shift in the resonant frequency with changes in the glucose level has been interpreted in a Clarke error grid to demonstrate feasibility.
Zeolite-Fiber Integrated Optical Chemical Sensors for Detection of Dissolved Organics in Water (2005)

MFI zeolite coated optical fiber sensors have been developed for in situ detection of dissolved organics in water. The sensors operate by monitoring the optical reflectivity changes caused by the selective adsorption of organic molecules, i.e., 2-propanol or pentanoic acid in this study, from aqueous solutions in the zeolitic pores. Reversible and monotonic sensor signals were observed in response to the variation of 2-propanol concentration in water with fast response. However, the sensor exhibited a much slower response to pentanoic acid than to 2-propanol. It was also found that substitution of Si by Al in the MFI framework increased the adsorption of pentanoic acid that resulted in enhanced sensor responses.
Overview of Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs for Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2020)

Identified in 1973, somatostatin (SST) is a cyclic hormone peptide with a short biological half-life. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are widely expressed in the whole body, with five subtypes described. The interaction between SST and its receptors leads to the internalization of the ligand-receptor complex and triggers different cellular signaling pathways. Interestingly, the expression of SSTRs is significantly enhanced in many solid tumors, especially gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). Thus, somatostatin analogs (SSAs) have been developed to improve the stability of the endogenous ligand and so extend its half-life. Radiolabeled analogs have been developed with several radioelements such as indium-111, technetium-99 m, and recently gallium-68, fluorine-18, and copper-64, to visualize the distribution of receptor overexpression in tumors. Internal metabolic radiotherapy is also used as a therapeutic strategy (e.g., using yttrium-90, lutetium-177, and actinium-225). With some radiopharmaceuticals now used in clinical practice, somatostatin analogs developed for imaging and therapy are an example of the concept of personalized medicine with a theranostic approach. Here, we review the development of these analogs, from the well-established and authorized ones to the most recently developed radiotracers, which have better pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrate increased efficacy and safety, as well as the search for new clinical indications.
Developmentally non-redundant SET domain proteins SUVH2 and SUVH9 are required for transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

In plants, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and related transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) involve members of the suppressor of variegation 3-9-homologous (SUVH) group of putative histone methyltransferases. Utilizing a reverse genetic approach in Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate that two closely related SUVH members, SUVH2 and SUVH9, act partially non-redundant in RdDM. DNA methylation, transcript accumulation and association with histone modifications were analyzed at the endogenous RdDM target AtSN1 (a SINE-like retroelement) in suvh2 and suvh9 single as well as suvh2 suvh9 double mutants. SUVH2 was found to be required for full DNA methylation at AtSN1 in early seed development and was also higher expressed in seeds than at later developmental stages. SUVH9 had its impact on RdDM later during vegetative development of the plant and was also higher expressed during that stage than at earlier developmental stages. The strongest reduction of RdDM at AtSN1 was found in suvh2 suvh9 double mutant plants. Histone 3-lysine 9-dimethylation (H3K9me2) associated with AtSN1 was reduced only in the simultaneous absence of functional SUVH2 and SUVH9. Thus, SUVH2 and SUVH9 functions in RdDM and TGS are overlapping in spite of some developmental specialization. Pol V specific transcripts were reduced in suvh2 suvh9 plants. This might indicate a role of these SUVH proteins in Pol V complex recruitment.
Premedication with midazolam in children. Effect of intranasal, rectal and oral routes on plasma midazolam concentrations (1995)

We report a study performed to compare the time and plasma drug concentrations necessary to achieve a similar state of sedation after midazolam premedication given by various routes in children of 2-5 years old. Children were randomly allocated to one of three groups to receive midazolam 0.2 mg.kg-1 given intranasally, 0.5 mg.kg-1 given orally or 0.3 mg.kg-1 given rectally. Sedation was measured regularly until venepuncture was possible in a cooperative child. At this time, a first blood sample was taken to measure plasma concentration, followed by another 10 min later. Anaesthesia consisted of intravenous propofol supplemented with regional analgesia. At recovery from anaesthesia, a third blood sample was taken. Adequate sedation occurred sooner (7.7, SD 2.4 min) with intranasal than oral (12.5, SD 4.9 min) or rectal (16.3, SD 4.2 min) midazolam. The initial blood levels were lower when the drug was given by the alimentary routes despite higher doses (146, SD 51 ng.ml-1 in 11.5, SD 3.9 min; 104, SD 34 ng.ml-1 in 21 +/- 6 min; and 93, SD 63 ng.ml-1 in 23.1, SD 3.5 min for the intra nasal, rectal and oral routes respectively). Duration of surgical procedures, and of propofol infusion, and recovery from anaesthesia was similar for the three groups. The only problem arose in a 30-month-old boy in the intranasal group who developed respiratory depression with a plasma midazolam concentration of 169 ng.ml-1. Intranasal midazolam is an excellent alternative for rapid premedication provided that respiratory monitoring is used.
Validation of Optical Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow and Volume with SPION and ASL fMRI (2008)

We attempt to validate optical measurements of cerebral blood volume and blood flow in a rat model during a hypercapnic challenge using functional MRI. Initial results show good correlation between optical measurements and MR results.
Clinical evaluation of prophylactic regimens for bovine respiratory disease (1982)

Experiments were conducted using a 3 by 2 factorial design to evaluate the efficacy of Haemophilus somnus and unspecified Pasteurella inactivated vaccines and to compare the oral and intramuscular route of administration of a BVD vaccine. 303 crossbred steer calves with an average weight of 222 kg were purchased and any animal showing clinical signs of illness excluded. All calves in the trial received an intranasal IBR vaccine, 2.5 million units of vitamin A intramuscularly, three 36 mg implants of zeranol, multivalent clostridial vaccine and levamisole. Calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups by a random number table. 45 randomly-selected calves distributed among all treatment groups were bled during processing and again 42 days after vaccination to collect paired samples. The calves were checked daily and any with clinical signs of respiratory disease were treated. The calves were weighed on arrival and at 34, 72 and 106 days, and daily feed consumption was calculated. The pasteurella vaccine reduced the incidence of BRD and improved the response to treatment. The result disagrees with previous findings, perhaps because of differences in prior exposure, movements in marketing channels or the virulence of the bacteria. The BRD morbidity rate and response to treatment were no different for the oral and intramuscular route of administration. However, the immune response to the BVD vaccine as measured by serum neutralisation was greater following oral administration.
Glycomic approaches toward drug development: therapeutically exploring the glycosaminoglycanome. (2006)

The science of decoding the information contained within complex glycan structures is commonly referred to as 'glycomics'. Information flow is usually governed by the binding of proteins to these glycan structures, resulting in the induction of biological processes such as cell migration and activation. Therapeutic approaches which interfere with this glyco-information flow are described.
Minimalist recovery techniques for single event effects in spaceborne microcontrollers (2003)

This paper presents a fault-tolerant design approach to allow the use of non-hardened commodity microcontrollers as embedded computing nodes in spacecraft, where a high rate of transient errors and occasional latch ups are expected due to the space radiation environment. In order to preserve their primary advantage of high functional density, low-cost approaches were explored that leverage features of existing commercial microcontrollers. A built-in, high-speed serial port is used for voting among redundant devices and a novel wire-OR output voting scheme exploits the bidirectional controls of I/O pins. A fault-tolerant node testbed was implemented, and fault-insertion tests were conducted to test the effectiveness of the fault-tolerance techniques.
Immunogenicity of Rabies Virus Inactivated by β-Propiolactone, Acetylethyleneimine, and Ionizing Irradiation (1972)

Ionizing radiation, beta-propiolactone, and acetylethyleneimine were compared for their ability as virus-inactivating agents for the preparation of rabies vaccine. Each agent reduced viral infectivity exponentially; ionizing radiation also destroyed viral hemagglutinin. The vaccine prepared by ionizing radiation was equal or superior to that prepared by beta-propiolactone in its ability to protect mice from rabies infection. The acetylethyleneimine-treated vaccine was a less potent immunogen.
Positional effects of second-sphere amide pendants on electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction catalyzed by iron porphyrins (2018)

The development of catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers an attractive approach to transforming this greenhouse gas into value-added carbon products with sustainable energy input. Inspired by natural bioinorganic systems that feature precisely positioned hydrogen-bond donors in the secondary coordination sphere to direct chemical transformations occurring at redox-active metal centers, we now report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of iron tetraphenylporphyrin (<b>Fe-TPP</b>) derivatives bearing amide pendants at various positions at the periphery of the metal core. Proper positioning of the amide pendants greatly affects the electrocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide reduction to carbon monoxide. In particular, derivatives bearing proximal and distal amide pendants on the <i>ortho</i> position of the phenyl ring exhibit significantly larger turnover frequencies (TOF) compared to the analogous <i>para</i>-functionalized amide isomers or unfunctionalized <b>Fe-TPP</b>. Analysis of TOF as a function of catalyst standard reduction potential enables first-sphere electronic effects to be disentangled from second-sphere through-space interactions, suggesting that the <i>ortho</i>-functionalized porphyrins can utilize the latter second-sphere property to promote CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. Indeed, the distally-functionalized <i>ortho</i>-amide isomer shows a significantly larger through-space interaction than its proximal <i>ortho</i>-amide analogue. These data establish that proper positioning of secondary coordination sphere groups is an effective design element for breaking electronic scaling relationships that are often observed in electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.
The ‘SiteRite’ ultrasound machine—an aid to internal jugular vein cannulation (1993)

The 'SiteRite' is a portable ultrasound imaging system designed to aid vein location during internal jugular vein cannulation. It was compared to the use of anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein cannulation. It was easy to use and gave good quality images, increased the speed of cannulation, decreased the number of attempts to locate the internal jugular vein and reduced the failure rate, although it had no effect on the incidence of carotid artery puncture.
The Factory Pattern in API Design: A Usability Evaluation (2007)

The usability of software APIs is an important and infrequently researched topic. A user study comparing the usability of the factory pattern and constructors in API designs found highly significant results indicating that factories are detrimental to API usability in several varied situations. The results showed that users require significantly more time (p = 0.005) to construct an object with a factory than with a constructor while performing both context-sensitive and context- free tasks. These results suggest that the use of factories can and should be avoided in many cases where other techniques, such as constructors or class clusters, can be used instead.
Waging the Economic Cold War: Britain and CoCom, 1948–54 (2003)

Studies of the formative years of the Western multilateral export control coordinating committee on East-West trade (CG-CoCom) have tended to focus on the role of the USA in the development of a strategic embargo against the Soviet bloc (the Soviet Union and her Eastern European satellites). This is owing, in part, to the availability of a large number of recently declassified State Department documents and presidential papers relating to foreign economic and national security policy. The existence, moreover, of a series of published documents in the Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) volumes for the years 1947 to 1968 dealing with East-West trade has also facilitated research from the perspective of successive presidential administrations. While some historians have provided revealing accounts of Anglo-American relations in CoCom based on declassified files of the Foreign Office in the Public Record Office (PRO), a thorough analysis of British trade policy towards the Soviet bloc during the Cold War era has yet to appear.1
Annales du Siam. IIIe Volume: Chronique de Xieng Mai. Traduction de M. Camille Notton. Paris, 1932. Frs. 210. (1935)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Methods for detecting local intestinal ischemic anaerobic metabolic acidosis by P CO 2 (1996)

Gut ischemia is often assessed by computing an imaginary tissue interstitial Ph from arterial plasma HCO3- and the PCO2 in a saline-filled balloon tonometer after equilibration with tissue PCO2 and (PtiCO2). PtiCO2 may alternatively be assumed equal to venous PCO2 (PVCO2) in that region of gut. The idea is that as blood flow decreases, gut PtiCO2 and PVCO2 will increase to the maximum aerobic value, i.e., maximum respiratory PVCO2 (PVCO2rmax). Above a "critical" anaerobic threshold, lactate (La-) generation, by titration of tissue HCO3-, should raise PtiCO2 above PVCO2rmax. During progressive selective whole intestinal flow reduction in six pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs, we used PCO2 electrodes to test the hypotheses that critical PtiCO2 is achieved earlier in mucosa than in serosa and that PVCO2rmax, computed using an in vitro model, predicts critical PtiCO2. We defined critical PtiCO2 as the inflection of PtiCO2-PVCo2 vs. O2 delivery (QO2) plots. Critical QO2 for O2 uptake was 12.55 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1. Critical PtiCO2 for mucosa and serosa was achieved at similar whole intestine QO2 (13.90 +/- 5 and 13.36 +/- 5 ml.kg-1.min-1, P = NS). Critical PtiCO2 (129 +/- 24 and 96 +/- 21 Torr) exceeded PVCO2rmax (62 +/- 3 Torr). During ischemia, La- excretion into portal venous blood was matched by K+ excretion, causing PVCO2 to increase only slightly, despite PtiCO2 rising to 380 +/- 46 (mucosa) and 280 +/- 38 (serosa) Torr. These results suggest that mucosa and serosa become dysoxic simultaneously, that ischemic dysoxic gut is essentially perfused, and that in vitro predicted PVCO2rmax underestimates critical PtiCO2.
Transmit Antenna Selection with Power and Rate Allocation for Generalized Distributed Wireless Communication Systems (2006)

This paper studies downlink transmits antenna selection with power and rate allocation in generalized distributed wireless communication systems (G-DWCS). Based on the large-scale fading statistics (path loss and shadow fading) at the transmitter, antenna selection criteria have been proposed for combined space time block code (STBC) and Vertical Bell-Labs Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) structure, where each layer of V-BLAST is composed of co-located multiple antennas for independent STBC transmission. The sub-optimal antenna set, sub-optimal power and rate allocation are determined to minimize an upper bound on the symbol error rate (SER). At the receiver a fixed detection order is followed which is obtained meanwhile in the antenna selection process at the transmitter. It's verified by Monte Carlo simulation that our proposed antenna selection criteria can judiciously select the optimal antenna set and allocate proper power and rate, and are very suitable for G-DWCS system.
Structural study of polyaniline films in reprotonation/deprotonation cycles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural study of polyaniline films in reprotonation/deprotonation cyclesK. G. Neoh, E. T. Kang, and K. L. TanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 24, 10151–10156Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100177a094https://doi.org/10.1021/j100177a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Photon-number-resolving detector with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mi>bits</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>of resolution (2007)

A photon-number-resolving detector with single-photon resolution is described and demonstrated. It has $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{bits}$ of resolution, does not require cryogenic cooling, and is sensitive to near ir wavelengths. This performance is achieved by flood illuminating a $32\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32$ element ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{AsP}$ Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode array that has an integrated counter and digital readout circuit behind each pixel.