gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioengineering Studies of Periodic External Compression as Prophylaxis Against Deep Vein Thrombosis—Part II: Experimental Studies on a Simulated Leg (1982)

In this companion paper to "Part I: Numerical Simulations, " we report in vitro experimental studies performed on a simple model leg consisting of a "vein" of thin-walled latex tubing surrounded by "tissue" of open-pore foam rubber. Three modes of periodic external compression, were investigated: i) uniform compression; (ii) graded compression, decreasing from ankle to knee; and (iii) sequential compression, progressing from ankle to knee. The modes are compared on the basis of three hemodynamic criteria: degree of vessel collapse, level of fluid velocity, and level of shear stress. In uniform compression these measures of merit are distributed very nonuniformly along the length of the leg: they are high near the proximal end of the cuff but low elsewhere, a result due to the formation proximally of a partially occlusive throat. The latter does not form in either graded or sequential compression, with the consequence that favorable values of the three measures of merit occur more uniformly along the length of the pressurized region. It is concluded that either the graded or sequential mode of compression, or perhaps a combination of the two, would be more effective than uniform compression as a prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis.
Hyperactivity of factor IX Padua (R338L) depends on factor VIIIa cofactor activity (2019)

Adeno-associated-viral (AAV) vector liver-directed gene therapy (GT) for hemophilia B (HB) is limited by a vector-dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Recently, this obstacle has been partially circumvented by the use of a hyperactive factor IX (FIX) variant, R338L (Padua), which has an eightfold increased specific activity compared to FIX-WT. FIX-R338L has emerged as the standard for HB GT. However, the underlying mechanism of its hyperactivity is undefined; as such, safety concerns of unregulated coagulation and the potential for thrombotic complications have not been fully addressed. To this end, we evaluated the enzymatic and clotting activity as well as the activation, inactivation, and cofactor-dependence of FIX-R338L relative to FIX-WT. We observed that the high-specific-activity of FIX-R338L requires factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) cofactor. In a novel system utilizing emicizumab, a FVIII-mimicking bispecific antibody, the hyperactivity of both recombinant FIX-R338L and AAV-mediated-transgene-expressed FIX-R338L from HB GT subjects is ablated without FVIIIa activity. We conclude that the molecular regulation of activation, inactivation, and cofactor-dependence of FIX-R338L is similar to FIX-WT, but that the FVIIIa-dependent hyperactivity of FIX-R338L is the result of a faster rate of factor X activation. This mechanism helps mitigate safety concerns of unregulated coagulation and supports the expanded use of FIX-R338L in HB therapy.
Percutaneous absorption of lavender oil from a massage oil (1992)

Synopsis In the present study, the percutaneous absorption of the essential oil of lavender from a massage oil was investigated. It was shown that lavender oil penetrates the skin of a male subject. Within five minutes of finishing, the massage traces of linalool (1) and linalyl acetate (2) as the main constituents of lavender oil could be detected in the blood. After 20 minutes, 100 ng/ml for 2 and 121 ng/ml for 1 showed up as the maximum concentration. Within 90 minutes, most of the lavender oil was eliminated. The sedative and relaxing effect of lavender oil after a massage may be based on two different ways of incorporation: the inhalation of fragrant molecules and the penetration through the skin.
Synchronized multiartifact reduction with tomographic reconstruction (SMART‐RECON): A statistical model based iterative image reconstruction method to eliminate limited‐view artifacts and to mitigate the temporal‐average artifacts in time‐resolved CT (2015)

In time-resolved CT, the proposed SMART-RECON method provides a new method to eliminate limited-view artifacts using data acquired in an ultranarrow temporal window, which corresponds to approximately 60(∘) angular subsectors.
The pattern and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) terminals in the rat dorsal following neonatal peripheral inflammation (2003)

Neonatal peripheral inflammation has been shown to alter the neural circuitry of the spinal cord in adult rats. However, the temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of primary afferent terminals immediately following a neonatal inflammatory stimulus remains unclear. In the present study we found that intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or saline alone on postnatal day 1 (P1) causes CGRP immunoreactivity (CGRP-Ir) to gradually increase from P6 to P15 in laminae I and II, and return to baseline at P22. In laminae III and IV, CGRP-Ir markedly increased beginning at P6, and remained elevated thereafter. CGRP-Ir in lamina V remained unchanged throughout the observation period. These findings show that intraplantar CFA induces CGRP-fiber sprouting in laminae III and IV, but not in laminae I, II or V. We suggest that neonatal inflammation causes changes in the neural circuitry pattern in various regions of the dorsal horn during the critical neonatal development period in rats.
IcmF Is a Fusion between the Radical B12 Enzyme Isobutyryl-CoA Mutase and Its G-protein Chaperone (2009)

Coenzyme B(12) is used by two highly similar radical enzymes, which catalyze carbon skeleton rearrangements, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and isobutyryl-CoA mutase (ICM). ICM catalyzes the reversible interconversion of isobutyryl-CoA and n-butyryl-CoA and exists as a heterotetramer. In this study, we have identified >70 bacterial proteins, which represent fusions between the subunits of ICM and a P-loop GTPase and are currently misannotated as methylmalonyl-CoA mutases. We designate this fusion protein as IcmF (isobutyryl-CoA mutase fused). All IcmFs are composed of the following three domains: the N-terminal 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin binding region that is homologous to the small subunit of ICM (IcmB), a middle P-loop GTPase domain, and a C-terminal part that is homologous to the large subunit of ICM (IcmA). The P-loop GTPase domain has very high sequence similarity to the Methylobacterium extorquens MeaB, which is a chaperone for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. We have demonstrated that IcmF is an active ICM by cloning, expressing, and purifying the IcmFs from Geobacillus kaustophilus, Nocardia farcinica, and Burkholderia xenovorans. This finding expands the known distribution of ICM activity well beyond the genus Streptomyces, where it is involved in polyketides biosynthesis, and suggests a role for this enzyme in novel bacterial pathways for amino acid degradation, myxalamid biosynthesis, and acetyl-CoA assimilation.
Logram: Efficient Log Parsing Using n-Gram Dictionaries (2020)

Software systems usually record important runtime information in their logs. Logs help practitioners understand system runtime behaviors and diagnose field failures. As logs are usually very large in size, automated log analysis is needed to assist practitioners in their software operation and maintenance efforts. Typically, the first step of automated log analysis is log parsing, i.e., converting unstructured raw logs into structured data. However, log parsing is challenging, because logs are produced by static templates in the source code (i.e., logging statements) yet the templates are usually inaccessible when parsing logs. Prior work proposed automated log parsing approaches that have achieved high accuracy. However, as the volume of logs grows rapidly in the era of cloud computing, efficiency becomes a major concern in log parsing. In this work, we propose an automated log parsing approach, <i>Logram</i> , which leverages <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> -gram dictionaries to achieve efficient log parsing. We evaluated <i>Logram</i> on 16 public log datasets and compared <i>Logram</i> with five state-of-the-art log parsing approaches. We found that <i>Logram</i> achieves a higher parsing accuracy than the best existing approaches (i.e., at least 10 percent higher, on average) and also outperforms these approaches in efficiency (i.e., 1.8 to 5.1 times faster than the second-fastest approaches in terms of end-to-end parsing time). Furthermore, we deployed <i>Logram</i> on <i>Spark</i> and we found that <i>Logram</i> scales out efficiently with the number of <i>Spark</i> nodes (e.g., with near-linear scalability for some logs) without sacrificing parsing accuracy. In addition, we demonstrated that <i>Logram</i> can support effective online parsing of logs, achieving similar parsing results and efficiency to the offline mode.
Novel Ruthenium-Complex-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ureas from Formamides and Amines (1997)

Various N,N‘-disubstituted and trisubstituted ureas were obtained in high yields by the ruthenium-complex-catalyzed dehydrogenation of N-substituted formamides and amines under reflux in mesitylene for 12 h under an argon atmosphere. From formanilide (1a) and aniline (2a), N,N ‘-diphenylurea (3a) was obtained in 92% yield. During this reaction, a stoichiometric amount of gaseous hydrogen was spontaneously evolved; thus, the addition of a hydrogen acceptor was not required. Formamide itself, i.e., HCONH2 (4), can also be used as a versatile carbonyl source. From HCONH2 (4) and primary amines, the corresponding N,N‘-disubstituted ureas were obtained in high yields together with the evolution of hydrogen and ammonia. To identify a catalytically active species, the stoichiometric reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with formanilide (1a) was carried out in CH2Cl2 at room temperature to give a novel oxygen-atom-bridged dinuclear ruthenium complex, Ru2(μ-Cl)2Cl2(μ-PhNHCHO-O,O)(PPh3)4 (5), in 87% yield. Complex 5 showed a high catalytic activity for the synthesis of N,N ‘-diphenylurea from formanilide (1a) and aniline (2a), and the stoichiometric reaction of 5 with aniline gave N,N ‘-diphenylurea, which strongly suggests that complex 5 is the key intermediate in the RuCl2(PPh3)3-catalyzed synthesis of ureas using formamides as a versatile carbonyl source.
Synthesen in der heterocyclischen Reihe, V: Umsetzungen von vinylogen Carbonsäureamiden zu Heterocyclen (1965)

Abstract Vinyloge Carbonsäureamide ergeben mit Guanidincarbonat, Hydroxylamin oder Hydrazinen die entsprechenden Heterocyclen. Im Falle der β‐Arylamino‐α‐cyan‐acrylsäureester erfolgt Selbstkondensation zu 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐cyan‐chinolinen.
The Next Generation Data Center Network Virtualization IRF Technology Research (2011)

H3C's IRF is used in next-generation data center network virtualization technology.IRF technology can be used to achieve horizontal integration of data center network and high reliability data center network.With traditional data center networking technologies,IRF technology has many advantages.
New Horizons for Dividing Wall Columns (2014)

The article presents how the application window of DWCs can be significantly expanded, both as a new design and as an energy saving retrofit option
Tissue optical immersion clearing (2010)

In this article, we discuss the optical immersion method based on refractive index matching of scatterers (e.g., collagen, elastin fibers, cells and cell compartments) and the ground material (interstitial fluid and/or cytoplasm) of tissue and blood under the action of exogenous optical clearing agents. We analyze the optical clearing of fibrous and cell-structured tissues and blood from the point of view of receiving more valuable, normally hidden, information from spectroscopic and polarization measurements, confocal microscopy, optical coherence and optical projection tomography, as well as from nonlinear spectroscopies, such as two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation techniques. Some important applications of the immersion technique to glucose sensing, drug delivery monitoring, improvements of image contrast and imaging depth, nondistortive delivery of laser radiation and precision tissue laser photodisruption, among others, are also described.
Nedgty: Web services firewall (2005)

This paper describes the research conducted to develop Nedgty, the open source Web services firewall. Nedgty secures Web services by applying business specific rules in a centralized manner. It has the ability to secure Web services against denial of service, buffer overflow, and XML denial of service attacks; as well as having an authorization mechanism.
Cerebrovascular Effects and Tumor Kinetics after a Single Intratumoral Injection of Human Recombinant Interleukin-2 Alone or in Combination with Intravenous Chemotherapy in a Rat Model of Glioma (1992)

It is well documented that drug delivery into experimental and human brain tumors is limited by the variably intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the growing edge. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the histopathological changes that occur after a single intralesional injection of human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) into a growing glioma and determine whether the injection improved delivery of cytotoxic drug into the neuropil surrounding the site of lymphokine injection. Because an intracerebral injection of rIL-2 causes a temporary breakdown in the BBB, we hoped to enhance drug penetration into peritumoral areas of brain with an intact BBB by using the novel biomodulating effect of rIL-2 on the cerebral endothelial cells. The results demonstrated that an intralesional injection of 7.2 x 10(4) National Units rIL-2 on Day 7 after tumor inoculation did not accentuate the already increased cerebrovascular permeability produced by the glioma nor did rIL-2 trigger additional or aggravate neurological deficits in glioma-bearing rats. Before the administration of chemotherapy in vivo, the RT-2 glioma cells were tested for in vitro sensitivity by colorimetric assay. At 24 hours after exposure to either methotrexate (MTX), vincristine (VIN), or doxorubicin (DOX), no significant inhibition of metabolic activity was observed. In contrast, a timed pulsed of any drug for 5 minutes caused significant dose-dependent inhibition of RT-2 glioma cells at 48 hours to 5 days after drug administration. Animal models receiving an intralesional injection of rIL-2 followed 3 days later by an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg MTX, 0.23 mg/kg VIN, or 10 mg/kg DOX demonstrated that only MTX combined with intralesional rIL-2 significantly inhibited intracranial proliferation of RT-2 glioma cells. Use of intralesional rIL-2 and intravenous chemotherapy, however, did not significantly increase survival in this animal model of glioma. These results show that the combination of cytotoxic drugs with intralesional rIL-2 can be safely applied in the management of glioma and may form a rational basis for additional pharmacological investigations of a wider assortment of chemotherapies in combination with rIL-2 for intracranial malignancies.
In-Situ Study of the Effect of Electromigration on Strain Evolution and Mechanical Property Change in Lead-free Solder Joints (2006)

We report a localized mechanical property study by using the nano-indentation continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technology on Pb-free solder joints with and without electromigration. The tensile test structure of a solder ball connected by two Cu wires of 300mum diameters was prepared and tested. At 100 degC, the applied current density was from 0 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> and the time from 3 to 144 hrs. An array of 500 nm indentations was created by the nano-indenter from the cathode area, across the bulk of the solder, to the anode area. The change of Young's modulus and the hardness at the cathode and the anode was calculated from the CSM. The results show that, the Young's modulus and the hardness of the anode were higher than the original values. And it increases with increasing electromigration time or higher current density. On the other hand, the Young's modulus and hardness at the cathode were lower than the original values and they decrease with increasing electromigration time or higher current density. Therefore, there is a change of mechanical properties at the cathode and the anode of the lead-free solder joints due to electromigration. Furthermore, an in-situ micro-DISC technology, digital image speckle correlation technology, was used to study the strain evolution at the lead-free solder joints during electromigration. It is found that, during electromigration, with the atoms moving from the cathode to the anode, a tensile strain was created at the cathode region; while a compressive strain was observed at the anode region. And the strain difference between the cathode and anode kept increasing with the time of electromigration. The localized mechanical property change in the lead-free solder joints due to electromigration will be discussed
Synthesis of α-Allyloxy-Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Esters via Aldol Condensation. Convenient Access of Highly Substituted Allyl Vinyl Ethers (2000)

α-Allyloxy-substituted α,β-unsaturated esters 1a - r have been prepared in 5 steps from commercially available starting materials. The key sequence of the synthesis is an aldol addition between an α-allyloxy-substituted ester 2a - i and an aldehyde R1CHO followed by mesylation and DBU mediated elimination to afford the 2-alkoxycarbonyl-substituted allyl vinyl esters 1a - r. The E/Z ratio of the newly generated vinyl ether double bond is apparently determined by the steric bulk of the vinyl ether double bond substituent R1. Z:E ratios from 3:2-9:1 were obtained.
The Book Reserve System (1964)

Abstract The author of the following article joins Henry M. Wriston in a wish that the reserved book system might be abandoned with resultant release of energies for more valuable services. The relation of book reserves to teaching procedures and other aspects of educational programs is discussed. Dr. Smith (B.S., Virginia Union; B.L.S., M.S., Illinois; M.A., Ph.D., New York University) is professor of psychology and director of libraries at North Carolina College at Durham.
Proline Utilization by Bacillus subtilis: Uptake and Catabolism (2011)

L-Proline can be used by Bacillus subtilis as a sole source of carbon or nitrogen. We traced L-proline utilization genetically to the putBCP (ycgMNO) locus. The putBCP gene cluster encodes a high-affinity proline transporter (PutP) and two enzymes, the proline dehydrogenase PutB and the Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase PutC, which jointly catabolize L-proline to L-glutamate. Northern blotting, primer extension, and putB-treA reporter gene fusion analysis showed that the putBCP locus is transcribed as an L-proline-inducible operon. Its expression was mediated by a SigA-type promoter and was dependent on the proline-responsive PutR activator protein. Induction of putBCP expression was triggered by the presence of submillimolar concentrations of L-proline in the growth medium. However, the very large quantities of L-proline (up to several hundred millimolar) synthesized by B. subtilis as a stress protectant against high osmolarity did not induce putBCP transcription. Induction of putBCP transcription by external L-proline was not dependent on L-proline uptake via the substrate-inducible PutP or the osmotically inducible OpuE transporter. It was also not dependent on the chemoreceptor protein McpC required for chemotaxis toward L-proline. Our findings imply that B. subtilis can distinguish externally supplied L-proline from internal L-proline pools generated through de novo synthesis. The molecular basis of this regulatory phenomenon is not understood. However, it provides the B. subtilis cell with a means to avoid a futile cycle of de novo L-proline synthesis and consumption by not triggering the expression of the putBCP L-proline catabolic genes in response to the osmoadaptive production of the compatible solute L-proline.
Engineering aspects of shape memory alloys (1991)

(1991). Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys. Surface Engineering: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 299-299.
DS-Viewer- interactive graphical data structure presentation facility (1989)

DS-Viewer is a tool that is the result of a research project in data structure presentation within a program state. This tool addresses two distinct issues in this area: (1) to effectively present data structures themselves for a given program state and (2) to present groups of data structures and their interrelationships as described by their pointer definitions. Graphical presentations were developed to address these issues. For the data structure presentation, the user is provided a display window for any single data structure instance formatted with its fields and field values. Flexibility in display is provided by allowing the user a choice from the various value formats for each field. For groups of data structure instances, a graphical drawing space is provided in which pictures of these data structure instances and their interrelationships are drawn as blocks and arrows. The computer assists the user in drawing such a picture by describing its components, allowing the user to choose which to draw and to construct as much of the picture as desired.
Non-Linear Time-Series Models of Ethernet Traffic (1998)

In this paper non-linear threshold autoregressive models are examined for use in modeling the temporal variation in the byte-rate in Ethernet traffic. The model is comprised of a number of autoregressive processes each of which is to be used in a specified range of amplitude of the byte-rate. The local dynamics within each threshold range are captured by an autoregressive process. The switching between each submodel is conditioned on the amplitude of a lagged value of the time-series. To dev elop the model the Bellcore Ethernet LAN data is used. It is shown that non-linear threshold autoregressive processes can be used to capture the dynamics of Ethernet LAN traffic. This model also provides for both short and longterm prediction capability and allows us to quantitatively identify the sources of long-range-dependence features in the traffic. When the aggregate traffic is partitioned into classes based on packet sizes, certain classes of traffic follow deterministic cyclical patterns. These periodic components arise from the process switching between different amplitude regimes. Superposed on this fundamental period are longer cycles that can be localized either below or above the mean byte-rate. By constructing amplitude thresholds associated with a finite set of delay parameters, the dynamics within each threshold are captured by locally linear autoregressive processes. The aggregate process is globally nonlinear. This model is shown to provide good agreement with the marginal distributions and the correlation functions derived from the Ethernet traffic data. In addition, simulation experiments demonstrate that the loss statistics observed in finite buffer queues agree favorably with those generated by the measurements.
Nuevos datos del género Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (Polychaeta: Spionidae) para la península Ibérica y el océano Atlántico (2006)

The first record for the Iberian coast and the Atlantic Ocean of two species of polychaetous annelids belonging to the genus Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (Spionidae) is presented. Boccardia semibranchiata Guérin, 1990 is a recently described species from the Mediteranean Sea, whereas Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 is a very common species from the Pacific coasts. Both species have been collected in two intertidal zones from San Sebastián (Iberian Peninsula - Bay of Biscay). In the present paper, the collected specimens of both species are described, illustrated and discussed, and notes on their ecology and distribution are included. A simple key for the genus Boccardia for the Atlantic coasts is also provided.