gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrobioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Hydrocarbons and Metals: Progress Report (1997)

Restoration of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and metals is one of the most important problems of environmental protection. During the last 30 years, considerable progress has been made in the development of effective remediation technologies. Modern purging technologies are based on the chemical and biological degradation of contaminants and their conversion to safe forms or to intermediate substances convenient for transport in soils. To accelerate transport of contaminants or their intermediate substances in soils, electrical fields (direct current) are applied to zones being remediated. This allows the volumetric rate of transport to increase ≈ 50-60 times, and the substances to collect at convenient removal sites Fundamental experiments were performed by a group of researchers at the University of Southern California in the early sixties. The experiments involved application of direct electrical current for acceleration of the flow of solutions in soils. This, together with the latest advances in biodegradation of the eighties and nineties, led to the development of sophisticated multicomponent remediation technologies. Success of these technologies depends on the selection of appropriate combinations of microbiotic and chemicals degradation, and oriented electrokinetic transportation of contaminants to the collection site. A proper combination of remediation techniques is determined by the biological, physical, chemical, and geological conditions of the remediated zone. The primary goal of this article is to ( I) review recent aduances in electrobiore- mediation technologies and remediation science and (2) eualuate the present state of the problem and the current trends in its deuelopment. Another goal is to attract attention of the researchers to the key problems and bottlenecks of the theoretical foundations and mathematical modeling of remediation processes.
COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF DIATOM SILICON TRANSPORTERS: TOWARD A MECHANISTIC MODEL OF SILICON TRANSPORT<sup>1</sup> (2006)

Silicon is an important element in biology, for organisms ranging from unicellular algae to humans. It acts as a structural material for both plants and animals, but can also function as a metabolite or regulator of gene expression, affecting a wide range of cellular processes. Molecular details of biological interaction with silicon are poorly understood. Diatoms, the largest group of silicifying organisms, are a good model system for studying this interaction. The first proteins shown to directly interact with silicon were diatom silicon transporters (SITs). Because the basis for substrate recognition lies within the primary sequence of a protein, identification of conserved amino acid residues would provide insight into the mechanism of SIT function. Lack of SIT sequences from a diversity of diatoms and high sequence conservation in known SITs has precluded identification of such residues. In this study, PCR was used to amplify partial SIT sequences from eight diverse diatom species. Multiple gene copies were prevalent in each species, and phylogenetic analysis showed that SITs generally group according to species. In addition to partial SIT sequences, full‐length SIT genes were identified from the pennate diatom, Nitzschia alba (Lewin and Lewin), and the centric diatom Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve. Comparing these SITs with previously identified SITs showed structural differences between SITs of centrics and pennates, suggesting differences in transport mechanism or regulation. Comparative amino acid analysis identified conserved regions that may be important for silicon transport, including repeats of the motif GXQ. A model for silicon uptake and efflux is presented that is consistent with known aspects of transport.
An improved technique for the in situ detection of DNA after polymerase chain reaction amplification. (1991)

In situ detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA in cell and tissue preparations previously required 5 to 7 primer pairs designed to generate a long (greater than 1,000 base pair) product. The authors describe a nonisotopic PCR in situ technique, employing a single primer pair and target sequences as short as 115 base pairs, that can detect one target molecule per cell. The essential procedural change is to withhold the DNA polymerase or primers until the reaction temperature approaches 80 degrees C. The Hot-Start method greatly increased amplification specificity which, more than product size, appears to determine success of in situ PCR. The marked improvement in specificity may permit target detection by direct incorporation of labeled nucleotides.
CPAP Improves Inspiratory Muscle Strength in Patients With Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea (1996)

Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) suffer from respiratory muscle weakness which may contribute to dyspnea. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) can improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduce dyspnea in patients with CHF and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) but its effects on respiratory muscle strength are not known. We therefore studied the effects of NCPAP on maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively), LVEF, dyspnea, and fatigue in patients with chronic CHF and CSR-CSA over 3 mo. Eight patients were randomized to control and nine to nightly NCPAP. There were no significant changes in any of these factors in the control group during the study. In contrast, among the NCPAP group, MIP increased from 79.3 +/- 8.1 to 90.7 +/- 10.4 cm H2O (mean +/- SEM; p < 0.02), LVEF increased from 24.0 +/- 4.0 to 32.6 +/- 6.6% (p < 0.02) and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue were alleviated. However, MEP did not change. In addition, the number of apneas and hypopneas decreased from 49 +/- 11 to 17 +/- 7 per hour of sleep (p < 0.001) and mean low Sao2 during sleep increased from 87.9 +/- 1.0 to 93.0 +/- 1.0% (p < 0.01). Our data indicate that nightly application of NCPAP in patients with CHF and CSR-CSA improves inspiratory muscle strength and LVEF, and relieves dyspnea and fatigue.
Real‐time RF pulse adjustment for <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> drift correction (2006)

Although the magnetic field of an MR scanner is very stable under little or no load, it can become less stable under heavy-duty cycle conditions, such as in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Uncorrected, such field drifts lead to an apparent image shift along the phase-encoding direction and decreasing effectiveness of fat saturation pulses. A method is presented to adjust the center frequency of all RF pulses and the receiver in real time during the acquisition. No data postprocessing or changes to the sequence timing are necessary. In vivo acquisitions were performed to assess the prolonged effectiveness of fat saturation. Field drifts of approximately 2.5 Hz/min were measured and corrected during DTI acquisitions at b-values of up to 3000 s/mm2. The effectiveness of fat saturation diminished over the duration of an 18-min acquisition when the drift was left uncorrected. The proposed method corrects for apparent image shift and ensures continuously effective fat saturation over the duration of an acquisition.
The thinnest of clients (1998)

The thin client paradigm aims to give users access to central resources through inexpensive and easily deployed computing systems. But, however "thin" the client hardware, mobile users in the field still have the burden of carrying it. To alleviate this problem, we decided to adopt as our client a piece of hardware that many mobile users already carry with them anyway: the cellphone. This paper presents our experience in researching, implementing, deploying and using a system whereby users, wherever they are, can query and control their personalised computing resources and services by typing short messages on the keypad of their cellphone. Our system has been deployed and in use for over a year and has given us valuable insights on how to design and build a personal information service.
Biologics in Rotator Cuff Surgery: Management of Rotator Cuff Tears With an Extracellular Matrix Patch (2007)

Chronic large and massive rotator cuff tears remain a treatment challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. The use of an extracellular matrix (ECM) biologic patch is an emerging field and offers potential for the treatment of patients with failed rotator cuff repairs or those with tears that are chronic and large in nature. There are several commercially available grafts that are derived from a variety of allogeneic (dermis) and xenogeneic (dermis and small intestinal submucosa) sources. An extensive amount of basic science and preclinical models have demonstrated that an ECM patch may offer improved healing rates with a biomechanical profile that nearly reproduces the characteristics of the native rotator cuff tendon. One should keep in mind the exact application of the ECM patch when interpreting studies, either as an augmentation (onlay) versus interpositional (intercalary) technique, which may significantly alter the overall efficacy of the ECM patch. Although there is an extensive amount of basic science and preclinical work to justify their use in animal models, the application of ECM patches in the human setting has not been as encouraging. The purposes of this paper are to review the basic science and preclinical data on the use of ECM patches, to describe current clinical indications, techniques, and to review the results in both animal and human studies.
Bezafibrate in The Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Comparison With Ursodeoxycholic Acid (2000)

Kurihara, Takeshi; Niimi, Akiko; Maeda, Atsushi; Shigemoto, Mutsuo; Yamashita, Katsuko Author Information
PD-1 inhibition and treatment of advanced melanoma-role of pembrolizumab. (2016)

Remarkable clinical responses have been seen in patients with metastatic melanoma with targeted therapy (BRAFi vemurafenib, MEKi) and with modern immune cell-based approaches such as TCR engineered adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and earlier experiences with high-dose IL-2. The proximal mediators of these immune therapies are tumor-reactive CTL. Various mechanisms of resistance to immune-mediated apoptotic signals have been described, including phenotypic changes, effector cell exhaustion, functional tolerance, deficiencies in Ag processing and presentation, and mutation or down-regulation of antigenic epitopes. The immune system and drugs eradicate tumors via apoptosis. Therefore, tumors' resistance to apoptosis may be a determining factor that limits the efficacy of immunotherapies. It is predicted that these therapies have limited efficacy in patients whose melanomas have developed resistance to targeted therapy such as vemurafenib. Upregulation of the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4 on activated T cells and its interaction with CD80/86 blocks T cell activation. The fully humanized mAb ipilimumab blocks this interaction, resulting in sustained T cell stimulation. Likewise, the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is another member of the B7:CD28 family of costimulatory molecules that regulates T cell activation, whose ligand (PD-L1) is expressed on melanomas. The human anti-PD-1 mAb, Pembrolizumab, overcomes tolerance, has a favorable pharmacokinetics profile with minimal undesired toxic side effects and has shown remarkable improvement in melanoma therapy. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of various anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade antibodies and will summarize recent clinical data using immune checkpoint blocking antibodies.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Noncultured Immunoisolated Bone Marrow‐Derived CD105 <sup>+</sup> Cells (2006)

The culture expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may alter their characteristics and is a costly and time-consuming stage. This study demonstrates for the first time that immunoisolated noncultured CD105-positive (CD105(+)) hMSCs are multipotent in vitro and exhibit the capacity to form bone in vivo. hMSCs are recognized as promising tools for bone regeneration. However, the culture stage is a limiting step in the clinical setting. To establish a simple, efficient, and fast method for applying these cells for bone formation, a distinct population of CD105(+) hMSCs was isolated from bone marrow (BM) by using positive selection based on the expression of CD105 (endoglin). The immunoisolated CD105(+) cell fraction represented 2.3% +/- 0.45% of the mononuclear cells (MNCs). Flow cytometry analysis of freshly immunoisolated CD105(+) cells revealed a purity of 79.7% +/- 3.2%. In vitro, the CD105(+) cell fraction displayed significantly more colony-forming units-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs; 6.3 +/- 1.4) than unseparated MNCs (1.1 +/- 0.3; p < .05). Culture-expanded CD105(+) cells expressed CD105, CD44, CD29, CD90, and CD106 but not CD14, CD34, CD45, or CD31 surface antigens, and these cells were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In addition, freshly immunoisolated CD105(+) cells responded in vivo to recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 by differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Genetic engineering of freshly immunoisolated CD105(+) cells was accomplished using either adenoviral or lentiviral vectors. Based on these findings, it is proposed that noncultured BM-derived CD105(+) hMSCs are osteogenic cells that can be genetically engineered to induce tissue generation in vivo.
An experimental Mosaic interface to scientific information systems (2005)

The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) information system, EOSDIS, is a key component for disseminating EOS instrument data. Within EOSDIS the Information Management System (IMS) provides access to products maintained at data archives distributed throughout the country. At the heart of the IMS graphical user interface is the widely accepted X11 display protocol. An important feature of X11 that has facilitated IMS prototyping is that it allows users to separate the host computer on which an application program runs from the host where the output is displayed. Running remote X11 applications in this manner is appealing to organizations that for one reason or another do not want to distribute and support software packages or release the source code for their applications. The drawback is the X11 network message traffic generated when an application is run remotely. The authors' work investigates the feasibility of eliminating X11 network traffic by using HTML+ and Mosaic to configure interfaces to information systems such as the NASA IMS. This approach offers advantages to both the information supplier and consumer. To the information consumer the system provides a single X11 software package which can communicate with any World Wide Web (WWW) information supplier. For the information supplier the approach will eliminate the need for X11 programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxide Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries (2015)

As the most promising candidate of the solid electrolyte materials for future lithium batteries, oxide electrolytes with high–lithium‐ion conductivity have experienced a rapid development in the past few decades. Existing oxide electrolytes are divided into two groups, i.e., crystalline group including NASICON , perovskite, garnet, and some newly developing structures, and amorphous/glass group including Li 2 O–MO x (M = Si, B, P, etc.) and Li PON ‐related materials. After a historical perspective on the general development of oxide electrolytes, we try to give a comprehensive review on the oxide electrolytes with high–lithium‐ion conductivity, with special emphasis on the aspect of materials selection and design for applications as solid electrolytes in lithium batteries. Some successful examples and meaningful attempts on the incorporation of oxide electrolytes in lithium batteries are also presented. In the conclusion part, an outlook for the future direction of oxide electrolytes development is given.
Testicular hyaluronidase induces tubular structures of endothelial cells grown in three‐dimensional colagen gel through a CD44‐mediated mechanism (2001)

Cultured brain capillary endothelial cells grown in a 3-dimensional collagen gel can form tubular structures after stimulation by angiogenic factors. We found that treatment of such cultures with testicular hyaluronidase led to formation of tubular structures and cell survival. Anion-exchange chromatography of the enzyme preparation on a MonoQ column revealed the presence of the angiogenic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the flow-through fraction, as determined by immunoblotting; part of the effect on endothelial cell morphogenesis could thus be ascribed to bFGF. However, adsorbed fractions eluted with increasing concentrations of NaCl, which exhibited hyaluronan-degrading activity at neutral pH, did not contain bFGF but were still able to induce tube-like structures of the endothelial cells. Streptomyces hyaluronidase failed to evoke the same effect. Interestingly, blocking of hyaluronan binding to CD44 receptors by the monoclonal antibody KM114 inhibited the effect of hyaluronidase, but not of bFGF, on endothelial cell tube formation. Our data suggest a CD44-mediated specific role for certain populations of testicular hyaluronidase in the induction of angiogenesis.
Free <scp>d</scp>-amino acids in human plasma in relation to senescence and renal diseases (1987)

Minute but appreciable amounts of D-amino acids were detected in normal human plasma. The content was significantly higher in an elderly population (age 76 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD, n = 41) than in a younger group (age 42 +/- 4 years, n = 26), i.e. 6.9 +/- 4.8 nmol/ml (mean +/- SD, range 0-18.8 nmol/ml) and 2.5 +/- 1.8 nmol/ml (range 0-6.3 nmol/ml) for the elderly and the younger groups, respectively. Elevation of plasma D-amino acid level was observed in a group of patients with renal disease (3.6-52.6 nmol/ml), in proportion to the serum level of creatinine (n = 50, r = 0.726, P less than 0.001), beta 2-microglobulin (n = 34, r = 0.551, P less than 0.005), and to glomerular filtration rate (n = 39, r = 0.556, P less than 0.001).
512 QAM (54 Gbit/s) coherent optical transmission over 150 km with an optical bandwidth of 4.1 GHz (2010)

We report the first demonstration of 512 QAM coherent optical transmission by using an optical PLL. A polarisation-multiplexed 54 Gbit/s data signal was successfully transmitted at 3 Gsymbol/s with an optical bandwidth of 4.1 GHz including a tone signal.
Wound Coverage With Biologic Dressings and Cultured Skin Substitutes (1992)

Covers the wide field of biological, synthetic, biosynthetic and cultured cell products for wound coverage that are either currently available or are undergoing pre-clinical/clinical evaluation.
Two-dimensional polarimeter with a charge-coupled-device image sensor and a piezoelastic modulator (1994)

We present the first measurements and scientific observations of the solar photosphere obtained with a new two-dimensional polarimeter based on piezoelastic modulators and synchronous demodulation in a CCD imager. This instrument, which is developed for precision solar-vector polarimetry, contains a specially masked CCD that has every second row covered with an opaque mask. During exposure the charges are shifted back and forth between covered and light-sensitive rows synchronized with the modulation. In this way Stokes I and one of the other Stokes parameters can be recorded. Since the charge shifting is performed at frequencies well above the seeing frequencies and both polarization states are measured with the same pixel, highly sensitive and accurate polarimetry is achieved. We have tested the instrument in laboratory conditions as well as at three solar telescopes.
Preparation of Tyrosol and 4-Methoxyphenethyl Alcohol. (1963)

Tyrosol (V) and 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol (X) were prepared from the corresponding amines (I and VI) in good yield. The steps involved are formation of the acetamides (II and VII), N-nitrosoamides (III and VIII), and acetic esters (IV and IX) by application of the White's method, and hydrolysis of the resultant esters to form the alcohols (V and X).
Complex spherical modulation for noncoherent communications (2002)

We examine the problem of designing complex, equal energy, signal constellations for the noncoherent additive white Gaussian noise communication channel. We derive an asymptotic performance criterion that may be used as a constraint in building correlated signals set for use with the maximum likelihood noncoherent detector. We present an iterative update design procedure for obtaining bandwidth-efficient signal sets under a constraint on the dimension of the signal space.
A Three-Phase Current Reconstruction Strategy With Online Current Offset Compensation Using a Single Current Sensor (2011)

This paper proposes a three-phase current reconstruction technique with an online current offset compensation function for three-phase inverter applications utilizing only a single current sensor. In the proposed current sensing method, a phase current and a branch current are simultaneously measured twice in a switching period by using a single current sensor. After that, the current reconstruction algorithm is applied to obtain the three-phase current information. Compared to previous single current sensor strategies, in the proposed method, the sensor output is regularly sampled, and the dead zone is located near the boundary of the voltage vector space instead of near the origin and the borders of each sector. This boundary-neighbored dead zone makes the proposed method more attractive in extremely low modulation index cases because it avoids periodical dead zones which have been an issue in the existing methods. Moreover, the online compensation method for a current measurement offset makes it possible to achieve purely balanced three-phase current control without an offset component. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments by measuring and reconstructing three-phase currents under various conditions.
Two Chikungunya Isolates from the Outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) Exhibit Different Patterns of Infection in the Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (2007)

Our findings support the hypothesis that the CHIK outbreak in La Réunion Island was due to a highly competent vector Ae. albopictus which allowed an efficient replication and dissemination of CHIKV 06.21.
On the Correlation of Automatic Audio and Visual Segmentations of Music Videos (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The study of the associations between audio and video content has numerous important applications in the fields of information retrieval and multimedia content authoring. In this work, we focus on music videos which exhibit a broad range of structural and semantic relationships between the music and the video content. To identify such relationships, a two-level automatic structuring of the music and the video is achieved separately. Note onsets are detected from the music signal, along with section changes. The latter is achieved by a novel algorithm which makes use of feature selection and statistical novelty detection approaches based on kernel methods. The video stream is independently segmented to detect changes in motion activity, as well as shot boundaries. Based on this two-level segmentation of both streams, four audio–visual correlation measures are computed. The usefulness of these correlation measures is illustrated by a query by video experiment on a 100 music video database, which also exhibits interesting genre dependencies. </para>