gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Evaluation of Structurally Diverse Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids and their Synthetic Derivatives: Discovery of Novel Leads for Anticancer Drug Design (2009)

Twenty-nine Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and their derivatives belonging to the five most common groups, including lycorine, lycorenine, tazettine, crinine, and narciclasine types, were evaluated for antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing, and anti-invasive activities in vitro. The antiproliferative properties of each test compound are in agreement with those reported in the literature, while the high potency of amarbellisine is reported for the first time. It was also found that with the exception of ungeremine, amarbellisine, and hippeastrine, the antiproliferative effect of the potent compounds is apoptosis mediated. Thus, apoptosis in Jurkat cells was triggered by narciclasine, narciclasine tetraacetate, C10b-R-hydroxypancratistatin, cis-dihydronarciclasine, trans-dihydronarciclasine, lycorine, 1-O-acetyllycorine, lycorine-2-one, pseudolycorine, and haemanthamine. With the exception of narciclasine, lycorine, and haemanthamine, the apoptosis-inducing properties of these compounds are reported for the first time. The collagen type I invasion assay revealed potent anti-invasive properties associated with N-methyllycorine iodide, hippeastrine, clivimine, buphanamine, and narciclasine tetraacetate, all of which were tested at non-toxic concentrations. The anti-invasive activity of buphanamine is particularly promising because this alkaloid is not toxic to cells even at much higher doses. This work has resulted in the identification of several novel leads for anticancer drug design.
Extending and embedding the python interpreter (1995)

Python is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language. This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can define new functions but also new object types and their methods. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature. This document assumes basic knowledge about Python. For an informal introduction to the language, see the Python Tutorial. The Python Reference Manual gives a more formal definition of the language. The Python Library Reference documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range.
Productivity of chainsaw felling and processing in selective forests of Croatia (2012)

In Croatia, one-worker chainsaws were introduced in the early sixties. Felling and processing has been partly mechanized and since then trees are felled and processed into timber assortments motor-manually. Fully mechanized harvesting is used mainly just in forest cultures and plantations, but in all natural forests, including the selective ones, chainsaw is still a major means of work for felling and processing. The majority of selective forests in Croatia grows in the region of Lika and Gorski Kotar. Precisely the region of Gorski Kotar is the most afforested part of our country. Some 75% of its surface is covered with forests, so the inhabitants of Gorski Kotar are traditionally and inseparably linked to the forest and forestry. The study was conducted in selective felling site to determine the productivity of workers in the motor-manual felling and processing of timber assortments. Snap-back chronometry method was used for recording time consumptions of individual work elements (walking to the tree, felling, processing, scaling) and delays. Net volume of produced timber assortments was measured for all investigated trees. A regression analysis of dependence of individual work elements time consumptions on the trees DBH was conducted and a productivity model based on an eight-hour work-time was constructed. During the seven days of research (1944.72 min), 1109.75 min (57.06%) of effective time and 834.97 min (42.94%) of delay time was recorded. Analysis of delays provided the allowance time as 61.21% of effective time. In the structure of delay time the forefront was the delay due to rain, but the same, given the climatic characteristics of the study area, was recognized within allowance time. A very strong correlation between the DBH and time consumption for felling of trees and for processing of timber assortments was found. The projected daily output of felling and processing ranged from 9.65 m3 for trees of DBH class 17.5 cm to 45.89 m3 for trees of DBH class 72.5 cm. Based on a calculative direct daily cost of felling and processing the unit cost was determined. It ranged from HRK 13.42/m3 (€ 1.81/m3) for trees of DBH class 72.5 to HRK 63.83/m3 (€ 8.59/m3) for trees of DBH class 17.5 cm.
Optical characterization of extremely small volumes of liquid in sub-micro-holes by simultaneous reflectivity, ellipsometry and spectrometry (2007)

We have fabricated and characterized a lattice of submicron cone-shaped holes on a SiO(2)/Si wafer. Reflectivity profiles as a function of angle of incidence and polarization, phase shift and spectrometry are obtained for several fluids with different refractive indexes filling the holes. The optical setup allows measuring in the center of a single hole and collecting all data simultaneously, which can be applied for measuring extremely low volumes of fluid (in the order of 0.1 femtolitres) and label-free immunoassays, as it works as a refractive index sensor. A three layer film stack model is defined to perform theoretical calculations.
Efficient adenoviral vector transduction and expression of functional human factor VIII in cultured primary human hepatocytes (1999)

Hemophilia A is a severe bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Adenoviral vectors containing a potent human FVIII expression cassette encoding a truncated FVIII cDNA were developed that mediated sustained FVIII expression in normal and haemophiliac mice and complete phenotypic correction of the bleeding disorder in haemophiliac mice and dogs (Connelly and Kaleko, Haemophilia, 1998; 4: 380-8). Here, we evaluated two E1/E2a/E3-deleted adenoviral vectors encoding human FVIII, one containing the full-length cDNA and the second containing a truncated cDNA lacking the B-domain. Viral vectors encoding the human full-length FVIII cDNA have not been described previously. Hepatocyte transduction was efficient and dose dependent, ranging from 50% to 100%. High levels of functional FVIII were secreted from transduced cells at amounts up to 6000 mU-1 10(6)cells-1 60 h. B-domain deleted FVIII was expressed at levels at least 8-fold higher than the full-length FVIII protein, whereas FVIII RNA levels were similar with both vectors. These data provide the first demonstration of FVIII adenoviral vector function in primary human cells and verify the potential clinical utility of adenoviral vectors for the treatment of haemophilia A.
The behaviour of stannic acid sols in concentrated hydrogen peroxide. II. The mechanism of stabilisation of concentrated hydrogen peroxide by sodium stannate (1960)

Abstract Sodium stannate stabilises commercial hydrogen peroxide by virtue of the stannic acid colloid formed on hydrolysis. The mechanism by which the sols are precipitated by aluminium ions, reported in Part I, explains the process by which sodium stannate stabilises commercial hydrogen peroxide against decomposition catalysts such as the polyvalent ions, Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ and Cu 2+ . The hydrolysis equilibria of these ions are automatically adjusted to the formation of the stable FeOH 2+ , CrO + and CuOH + ions, respectively, which are strongly adsorbed on the stannic acid colloid and thereby deactivated. These catalytic ions may only be present in minute amounts in non‐stabilised commercial hydrogen peroxide (pH ∼ 4·5), mostly in the heterogeneous state. The equilibrium between the heterogeneous and homogeneous phase is disturbed sufficiently to permit the formation of ionic species which are subsequently deactivated by this process.
New Diosgenin Glycosides from <i>Costus afer</i> (1997)

Two new steroidal saponins, aferosides B (1) and C (2), together with the known saponins, dioscin (3) and paryphyllin C (4), were isolated from the roots of Costus afer. The known flavonoid glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5), was obtained from the aerial parts. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated principally by 2D NMR spectral methods. A structural revision of the sugar sequence was made for the previously reported saponin aferoside A (6) on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. Saponins 1−4 and 6 did not show any ability to potentiate in vitro cisplatin cytotoxicity in a human colon cancer cell line.
pK values for active site residues of carboxypeptidase A. (1988)

The phenolic group of active site residue Tyr-248 in carboxypeptidase A has a pKa value of 10.06, as determined from the pH dependence of its rate of nitration by tetranitromethane. The decrease in enzyme activity (kcat/Km) in alkaline solution, characterized by a pKa value of approximately 9.0 (for cobalt carboxypeptidase A), is associated with the protonation state of an imidazole ligand of the active-site metal ion, as indicated by a selective pH dependence of the 1H NMR spectrum of the enzyme. Inhibition of the cobalt-substituted enzyme by 2-(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)phenol and its 4,6-dichloro- and 4-phenylazo-derivatives confirms that the decrease in enzyme activity (kcat/Km) in acidic solution, characterized by a pKa value of 5.8, is due to the protonation state of a water molecule bound to the active-site metal ion in the absence of substrate. Changes in the coordination number of the active-site metal ion are seen in its visible absorption spectrum as a consequence of binding of the phenolic inhibitors. Conventional concepts regarding the mechanisms of the enzyme are brought into question.
End-to-End Automation in Cloud Infrastructure Provisioning (2017)

Infrastructure provisioning in the cloud can be time-consuming and error-prone due to the manual process of building scripts. Configuration Management Tools (CMT) such as Ansible, Puppet or Chef use scripts to orchestrate the infrastructure provisioning and its configuration in the cloud. Although CMTs have a high level of automation in the infrastructure provisioning still remains a challenge to automate the iterative development process in the cloud. Infrastructure as Code is a process where the infrastructure is automatically built, managed, and provisioned by scripts. However, there are several infrastructure provisioning tools and scripting languages that need to be used coherently. In previous work, we have introduced the ARGON modelling tool with the purpose of abstracting the complexity of working with different DevOps tools through a DSL. In this work, we present an end-to- end automation for a toolchain for infrastructure provisioning in the cloud based on DevOps community tools and ARGON.
Oligosaccharins, brassinolides, and jasmonates: nontraditional regulators of plant growth, development, and gene expression. (1997)

Each of the nontraditional plant hormones reviewed in this article, oligosaccharins, brassinolides, and JA, can exert major effects on plant growth and development. However, in many cases, the mechanisms by which these compounds are involved in the endogenous regulation of morphogenesis remain to be established. Nevertheless, the use of mutant or transgenic plants with altered levels or perception of these hormones is leading to phenomenal increases in our understanding of the roles they play in the life cycle of plants. It is likely that in the future, novel modulators of plant growth and development will be identified; some will perhaps be related to the peptide encoded by ENOD40 (Van de Sande et al., 1996), which modifies the action of auxin.
Intralesional recombinant alpha-2 interferon for the treatment of patients with condyloma acuminatum or verruca plantaris (1986)

• We conducted a multicenter double-blind study comparing human recombinant intralesional alpha-2 interferon (IFN) and placebo in 237 patients with the clinical diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum or verruca plantaris. A single wart on each patient was injected with 0.1 mL containing 10<sup>6</sup>IU of IFN, 10<sup>5</sup>IU of IFN, or placebo three times weekly for three weeks, and the response to treatment was followed up for 12 weeks. Among 91 of the 114 patients with condyloma acuminatum who completed the study, complete clearing of the treated wart occurred in 16 (53%) of 30 patients receiving 10<sup>6</sup>IU of IFN compared with six (19%) of 32 receiving 10<sup>5</sup>IU of IFN and four (14%) of 29 receiving placebo. In the group of 100 patients with plantar warts, there was no apparent benefit associated with interferon administration. Seven patients (3%) had treatment discontinued due to adverse reactions. Intralesional alpha-2 IFN is of benefit in the treatment of a single condyloma; its role in the treatment of multiple lesions remains to be clarified. Its role in the treatment of verruca plantaris, where no response was seen, also remains to be clarified. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1986;122:272-277)
Temporal Subtraction of Serial CT Images with Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping in the Identification of Bone Metastases (2017)

Purpose To determine the improvement of radiologist efficiency and performance in the detection of bone metastases at serial follow-up computed tomography (CT) by using a temporal subtraction (TS) technique based on an advanced nonrigid image registration algorithm. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. CT image pairs (previous and current scans of the torso) in 60 patients with cancer (primary lesion location: prostate, n = 14; breast, n = 16; lung, n = 20; liver, n = 10) were included. These consisted of 30 positive cases with a total of 65 bone metastases depicted only on current images and confirmed by two radiologists who had access to additional imaging examinations and clinical courses and 30 matched negative control cases (no bone metastases). Previous CT images were semiautomatically registered to current CT images by the algorithm, and TS images were created. Seven radiologists independently interpreted CT image pairs to identify newly developed bone metastases without and with TS images with an interval of at least 30 days. Jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristics (JAFROC) analysis was conducted to assess observer performance. Reading time was recorded, and usefulness was evaluated with subjective scores of 1-5, with 5 being extremely useful and 1 being useless. Significance of these values was tested with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The subtraction images depicted various types of bone metastases (osteolytic, n = 28; osteoblastic, n = 26; mixed osteolytic and blastic, n = 11) as temporal changes. The average reading time was significantly reduced (384.3 vs 286.8 seconds; Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .028). The average figure-of-merit value increased from 0.758 to 0.835; however, this difference was not significant (JAFROC analysis, P = .092). The subjective usefulness survey response showed a median score of 5 for use of the technique (range, 3-5). Conclusion TS images obtained from serial CT scans using nonrigid registration successfully depicted newly developed bone metastases and showed promise for their efficient detection. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
BTL사업 협상수행 성과평가 지표에 관한 연구 - 문화시설을 대상으로 - (2009)

BTL 사업 추진 시 협상단계는 시설, 운영, 재무분야 등 성과요구수준서의 준수 및 반영여부를 겸토하고 그 수위를 확정하여 실시협약에 이르게 하는 단계로써 사업추진 전 과정에서 차지하는 비중과 중요성이 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 국내 BTL사업 추진 시 협상에 관한 일관적 지표나 협상 후 성과를 측정하기 위한 표준화된 지표가 기준이 제시되어 있지 않아 시간적 낭비요인의 발생과 더불어, 기술 및 품질 가격 등 협상수위 및 결과에 대한 평가가 모호한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 협상 후 성과를 객관적으로 평가 검증하기 위한 방안 제시의 일환으로 VE(가치공학)기반 협상수행 성과평가 절차 및 지표를 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 문화시설 BTL사업을 대상으로 협상 시 고려해야 하는 항목을 6영역, 38분야, 135항목으로 분류하고 가중치를 분석하여 정량화된 평가 지표를 구축하였고, 이를 바탕으로 협상성과를 측정할 수 있는 지표을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 협상참여자에게 BTL사업 협상 전 중점 검토사항의 파악과 협상 중 피드백의 지표 및 협상 후 성과평가의 척도가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 【When promoting BTL(Build Transfer Lease; below BTL) project, negotiation is a stage of examining observation and reflection of RFP(Request for Proposal below RFP) in terms with facilities, operating and financing. It keeps an important position in whole process. However, there is no consistent guideline or model which helps evaluating the result of negotiation. It is difficult to apprise the quantitative outcome after executing negotiation. Thus, this study presented the Value Engineering -based process and model of estimating the outcome of negotiation for the purpose of estimating and verifying the result of negotiation objectively, Evaluating factors of negotiation were classified into 6 fields, 38 divisions and 135 items, focused on cultural facilities on BTL project. Weight of every factor was estimated, and quantitative checklist was established. This study presented the model which could measure the outcome of negotiation. This result would be a critical checklist before negotiation on BTL project, an index of feedback during negotiation, and also a standard of estimating the outcome after negotiation.】
Solder ball bumper SB/sup 2/-a flexible manufacturing tool for 3-dimensional sensor and microsystem packages (2002)

A novel high speed solder deposition system for microelectronic devices has been developed by Pac Tech GmbH. With this fully automatic system, the high speed solder ball bumper (SB/sup 2/), preformed solder balls are placed at pre-programmed bond positions and are reflowed by a laser pulse in a single step. The use of flux or second reflow is not necessary. The system design fits a broad range of applications. Due to the low heat input during solder deposition, and the fact that additional component heating is not required, this method is especially interesting for temperature sensitive devices. Besides bumping processes on single dice or at wafer level, solder balls for IC packages such as /spl mu/-BGAs, BGAs and chip size packages can be placed and reflowed. Other applications include solder deposition for PCBs and interconnection of 3D automotive sensor chip packages. With small modifications, the SB/sup 2/ can process solder balls with diameters from 100 /spl mu/m up to 1 mm. A singulation unit separates the balls from the bulk by means of a rotating cavity disk. Using a pneumatic pulse, the ball is transported from the cavity down to the capillary tip. The solder ball reflow is performed with a laser beam that passes through a glass fiber into the capillary directly above the placed ball. During laser pulsing, nitrogen prevents oxidation of the liquid solder. The SB/sup 2/ also provides great flexibility for microelectronic device repair. The system can be used to realise a repair station attached to the normal process flow. It allows a selective removal of defective solder bumps and renewed solder attach to the contact pads.
Gate Dielectric Integrity: Material, Process, and Tool Qualification (2000)

Description Thirteen papers provide the latest concepts and metrology of the Gate Dielectric Integrity (GDI) and its applications for the material and device process and tool qualification. The wide variety of topics covered includes: concepts, methods, protocols and reliability, and assessment as related to dielectric integrity. The characterization of thin dielectrics, various GDI measurements techniques, and discussion of important effects on the characterization of GDI is also included. Until now, such information has never been available in a single book on GDI. This publication will benefit process engineers, fab technologists, quality and reliability engineers, silicon material scientists, materials characterization analysts, research scholars and device engineers.
Effects of <i>S</i> -Glutathionylation and <i>S</i> -Nitrosylation on Calmodulin Binding to Triads and FKBP12 Binding to Type 1 Calcium Release Channels (2005)

This study shows that the combination of glutathione (GSH) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the S-glutathionylation of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) Ca2+ release channels, and confirms their joint S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In addition, we show that 35S-labeled 12-kDa FK506-binding protein ([35S]FKBP12) bound with a Kd of 13.1 nM to RyR1 present in triads or heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles; RyR1 S-nitrosylation by NOR-3 or GSNO, but not S-glutathionylation, specifically increased by four- to fivefold this Kd value. RyR1 redox modifications also increased the Kd of [35S]calmodulin binding to triads without affecting Bmax. RyR1 S-glutathionylation (induced by GSH plus H2O2) or RyR1 S-nitrosylation (produced by NOR-3) increased by approximately six- or twofold, respectively, the Kd of apocalmodulin (apoCaM) or Ca2+-calmodulin (CaCaM) binding to triads. Likewise, the combined S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation of RyR1 induced by GSNO increased by fourfold the Kd of CaCaM binding to triads and abolished apoCaM binding. As both FKBP12 and CaCaM inhibit RyR1, decreased FKBP12 binding to RyR1 and/or decreased CaCaM binding to either RyR1 or dihydropyridine receptor in triad preparations may cause the reported enhanced activation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release kinetics mediated by S-glutathionylation/S-nitrosylation. We discuss possible consequences of these redox modifications on RyR1-mediated Ca2+ release in physiological or pathological conditions.
Recent advances in high temperature polymers for microelectronic applications (1989)

This paper describes research concerned with the synthesis and properties of a variety of new materials based on polyphenylquinoxalines, polyquinoxalones, polybenzoxazoles and polyimide random copolymers containing phenylquinoxaline and benzoxazole moieties. The synthesis of NMP processable phenylquinoxaline and benzoxazole based poly(aryl ethers) was carried out using a novel heterocyclic activated fluoro displacement by bisphenoxides, affording high T(g), melt and solvent processable polymers with tough, ductile mechanical properties. In addition, heterocyclic activated ether synthesis was used to prepare phenylquinoxaline and benzoxazole containing diamines which were used in conventional polyimide syntheses, yielding random copolymers which showed moduli comparable to PMDA/ODA polyimide and elongations ranging from 60 to 120 percent. Polyquinoxalones were synthesized by the step growth polymerization of bis(keto esters) with bis(o-diamines) and represent an interesting new class of linear polyquinoxalines. The thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated for many of these polymers, and were found to be comparable to polyimides. 11 refs.
Low-noise external rotor BLDC motor for fan applications (2003)

An important market for brushless DC (BLDC) motors is fan applications, where low acoustic noise is of increasing importance. External rotor motors are especially advantageous for space-saving fan-motor-units. The acoustic noise of the motor can be influenced considerably through commutation strategy. The commutating process has been analyzed using space vectors. Motor noise has been reduced significantly using new modulation strategies.