gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A game model for selection of purchasing bids in consideration of fuzzy values (2005)

A number of efficiency-based vendor selection and negotiation models have been developed to deal with multiple attributes including price, quality and delivery performance which is treated as important bid attributes. But some alternative vendor's preferences of attributes are difficult of quantitative analysis, such as trust, reliability, and courtesy of the vendor, which are considered to be crucial issues of recent reaches in vendor evaluation. This paper proposes a buyer-seller game model that has distinct advantages over existing methods for bid selection and negotiation, the fuzzy indexes are used to evaluate those attributes which are difficult of quantitative analysis, we propose a new method that expands Talluri (2002) and Joe Zhu (2004)'s method and allows which the elements composing problems are given by fuzzy numerical values, An important outcome of assessing relative efficiencies within a group of decision making units (DMUs) in fuzzy data envelopment analysis is a set of virtual multipliers or weights accorded to each (input or output) factor taken into account. In this paper, by assessing upper bounds on factor weights and compacting the resulted intervals, a CSW is determined. Since resulted efficiencies by the proposed CSW are fuzzy numbers rather than crisp values, it is more informative for decision maker.
Multi-Edge-Type Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation (2012)

A method of designing low-density parity-check codes for bandwidth-efficient high-order modulation is proposed. A multi-edge-type LDPC code ensemble is used to improve the correspondence between modulation bit-channel capacity and bit-level protection in a bit-interleaved coded modulation system. A key innovation is the development of a multi-dimensional extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) vector field technique for the analysis and design of multi-edge-type codes. A condition, sufficient for the decoder to converge, is derived on the multi-dimensional EXIT vector field, and this condition is used as a constraint in code optimization. Code designs indicate that the proposed method produces codes matching the performance of codes designed using best available methods in ensemble threshold, and is capable of achieving identical finite-length error rates with shorter block-lengths. In addition to simplified design complexity, the resulting codes allow for low-complexity implementation and rate-adaptivity, and hence are well-suited for adaptive modulation systems.
Analytical extraction method for submicron MOS transistor model parameters in the linear region (1994)

A novel four-point technique for direct extraction of model parameters of submicron transistors in the linear region is presented. Detailed analytical expressions are given for the extraction procedure. Theoretical sensitivity analysis shows that the influence of measurement noise can be reduced by proper choice of the applied voltages for which the data points are measured. As an example, a sensitivity of only 2% in the threshold voltage was obtained for 1% noise in the four data points. Experiments show that the extracted parameter values are constant within large intervals of applied voltages. Finally, as a generalisation of the direct extraction method, a least-square fitting technique is suggested which offers the user full freedom concerning the number of data points to be used.
Ein alternativer Zugang zum PQQ‐Triester (1996)

An Alternative Approach to the PQQ‐Triester A novel approach to triethyl 5‐methoxy‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ f ]quinoline‐2,7,9‐tricarboxylate ( 6 ), a close precursor of the redox cofactor PQQ of bacterial dehydrogenases, is described. Diethyl 2‐oxopent‐3‐ynedioate ( 5 ) was used as building block for the annelation of the quinoline unit. The annelation proceeds in two steps via the diastereoselective formation of diethyl ( Z )‐4‐{[2‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐5‐methoxyindol‐6‐yl]amiono}‐2‐oxopent‐3‐enedioate (( Z )‐ 7 ) followed by acid‐catalyzed cyclocondensation.
9 -L'enrichissement du modèle français au contact d'autres modèles : cas de l'Angleterre / Organisation of water services in France and Great Britain comparison (1998)

Speed H. 9 -L'enrichissement du modèle français au contact d'autres modèles : cas de l'Angleterre / Organisation of water services in France and Great Britain comparison . In: L'école française de l'eau au service du développement mondial. Congrès de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. 25èmes journées de l'hydraulique. Chambéry, du 15 au 18 septembre 1996. Tome 2, 1998.
Your IoTs Are (Not) Mine: On the Remote Binding Between IoT Devices and Users (2019)

Nowadays, IoT clouds are increasingly deployed to facilitate users to manage and control their IoT devices. Unlike the traditional cloud services with communication between a client and a server, IoT cloud architectures involve three parties: the IoT device, the user, and the cloud. Before a user can remotely access her IoT device, remote communication between them is bootstrapped through the cloud. However, the security implications of such a unique process in IoT are less understood today. In this paper, we report the first step towards systematic analyses of IoT remote binding. To better understand the problem, we describe the life cycle of remote binding with a state-machine model which helps us demystify the complexity in various designs and systematically explore the attack surfaces. With the evaluation of 10 real-world remote binding solutions, our study brings to light questionable practices in the designs of authentication and authorization, including inappropriate use of device IDs, weak device authentication, and weak cloud-side access control, as well as the impact of the discovered problems, which could cause sensitive user data leak, persistent denial-of-service, connection disruption, and even stealthy device control.
Cash on delivery-mobile consumer management goes back to basics (1994)

Personal mobile services are becoming ever more sophisticated but the mechanisms of obtaining payment for those services are still built around customer accounts and consumer credit, two concepts that bring their own issues of risk and management overhead. Given sufficient bandwidth, imagination and entrepreneurism it is not difficult to envisage a future of mobile consumers accessing information, entertainment and services whenever and wherever the mood takes them. One of the biggest inhibitors to this vision is the need for customers to pre-register an account and conduct all sales on a credit basis: a limitation on which services are commercially viable and on who is eligible to access them. The ideal solution to these limitations is to conduct business over the air on a cash on delivery basis. Until now this has been no more than a fantasy but the arrival of true digital cash is about to change all that, The paper examines a digital cash replacement that becomes available to the public next year. It looks at the impact it will have on the mobile network operators and service providers and on the kind of services that can be economically sold over the air once payment ceases to be a problem.
Trap Assisted Tunneling and Its Effect on Subthreshold Swing of Tunnel FETs (2016)

We provide a detailed study of the oxide- semiconductor interface trap assisted tunneling (TAT) mechanism in tunnel FETs to show how it contributes a major leakage current path before the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is initiated. With a modified Shockley-Read-Hall formalism, we show that at room temperature, the phonon assisted TAT current always dominates and obscures the steep turn ON of the BTBT current for common densities of traps. Our results are applicable to top gate, double gate, and gate-all-around structures, where the traps are positioned between the source-channel tunneling regions. Since the TAT has strong dependence on electric field, any effort to increase the BTBT current by enhancing local electric field also increases the leakage current. Unless the BTBT current can be increased separately, calculations show that the trap density Dit has to be decreased by 40-100 times compared with the state of the art in order for the steep turn ON (for III-V materials) to be clearly observable at room temperature. We find that the combination of the intrinsic sharpness of the band edges (Urbach tail) and the surface trap density determines the subthreshold swing.
Approaching homogeneous switching of MCT devices: experiment and simulation (2002)

Problems in scaling the MCT (MOS-controlled thyristor) to higher turn-off currents (I/sub TGM/) still need to be resolved. It is shown experimentally that these performance problems are related to design features occuring at the boundary of the device and at the locations of the MOS turn-on cells. The simulation of complete turn-on-turn-off cycles over a realistic time scale of an improved MCT boundary structure has also been carried out. The results reveal detailed physical insight into the mechanisms involved in the switching of the cell ensemble. It is shown that the device boundary can be improved by layout measures to yield a uniform current distribution throughout the entire turn-off of the MCT device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transmission of Four Simultaneous Television Programs via a Single Satellite Channel (1979)

A demonstration project to transmit and receive four simultaneous television programs via a single satellite transponder was successfully carried out. The television programs were picked up off the air and transmitted by a 13-m earth station near Los Angeles and received by a 10-m earth station in Juneau, Alaska. The signals were then distributed over a 4000-subscriber CATV system, giving viewers their first opportunity to choose and watch four of the same TV programs seen in the Los Angeles area simultaneously. The system used a combination of baseband video and RF carrier multiplexing as well as temporal noise reduction techniques. The resulting pictures were considered excellent for home viewing.
50-GHz Interconnect Design in Standard Silicon Technology (1998)

Coplanar waveguides were fabricated in a process that emulates silicon CMOS technologies with 5 to 10 metal layers. The observed S21 loss of 0.3dB/mm at 50 GHz is among the lowest ever reported with standard Al interconnects on Si/SiO2. Optimum design parameters were counter-intuitive: in some frequency ranges, the lowest loss was achieved with relatively narrow lines over a low-resistivity substrate. This was exploited in the design of transmission lines that are fully compatible with a CMOS technology. The process emulation was calibrated with a commercial 4-layer Al/Cu CMOS technology.
Anisotropy in diffusion‐weighted MRI (1991)

Diffusional anisotropy of water protons, induced by nonrandom, directional barriers which hinder or retard water motion, is measurable by MRI. Faster water diffusion was observed when the diffusion-sensitizing gradient direction paralleled the long axes of white matter tracts, indicative of fewer barriers to water motion. Diffusion perpendicular to this axis was as much as four times slower. Anisotropy was seen pre- and postmortem in all axial, sagittal, and coronal planes, with and without cardiac gating. Ordering has also been observed in feline optic nerve and in human peripheral nerves. Utilization of this technique can greatly improve understanding and assessment of demyelinating disorders, of white matter infarcts and neoplasms, and of neonatal brain and spinal cord development.
Reactions of Benzoyl Isothiocyanate with Active Methylene Reagents: A Novel Synthesis of Thiophene, Thiazoline and Thieno[2,3‐<i>d</i>]Pyrimidine Derivatives (1992)

Abstract Various derivatives of thiophene, thiazoline and thienopyrimidine have been synthesized via the reaction of active methylene reagents (la‐j) with benzoyl isothiocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by the subsequent treatment of the potassium salt intermediates 2a‐j with phenacyl bromide or ethyl chloroacetate. The stability of the formed adducts 3 and 12 or their selective cyclization depends on both the nature of the active methylene reagent and the α‐halocarbonyl compounds.
6-beta-bromopenicillanic acid, a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. (1978)

6-beta-Bromopenicillanic acid, which arises from the epimerization of 6-alpha-bromopenicillanic acid in aqueous solution or from hydrogenation of 6,6-dibromopenicillanic acid, is a powerful, irreversible, active-site-directed inhibitor of several typical beta-lactamases (penicillinase; penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6); 6-alpha-bromopenicillanic acid, being completely inhibited at less than micromolar concentrations through what is probably a 1:1 interaction. The B. licheniformis exoenzyme is similarly susceptible, while the Staphylococcus aureus enzyme and the Escherichia coli (R factor) enzyme are less so; the B. cereus beta-lactamase II is not inhibited. Very high concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.1 M) of benzylpenicillin, a good substrate, are required to significantly reduce the rate of inhibition of B. cereus beta-lactamase I by 6-beta-bromopenicillanic acid.
Intracellular calcium handling in isolated ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure. (1992)

These results may partly explain the alterations of contractility in vivo in patients with heart failure.
Lipid and Cholesterol Oxidation in Whole Milk Powder during Processing and Storage (1997)

ABSTRACT The influence of animal feed quality on lipid and cholesterol oxidation in whole milk powder was investigated. Powders from a herd receiving a ‘supplemented’ diet showed reduced PV (p < 0.01) and TBARS (p < 0.09) compared to a ‘restricted’ herd, after storage in both vacuum and sachet‐packs and less (p < 0.003) cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). High pre‐heating temperatures resulted in higher levels of PV, TBARS and COPs in fresh whole milk powders than low pre‐heat temperatures, but after storage the reverse occurred. Superior animal feed quality and proper control of processing and storage conditions enhanced oxidative stability of whole milk powder. Lipid and cholesterol oxidation were positively correlated (p < 0.001).
The Effect of the Reference Electrode Position on the Measurement of Half Cell Polarization in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2012)

In this experimental and numerical study we analyze the polarization of the electrodes in a PEM fuel cell system. In order to measure the anode and cathode potential with respect to the electrolyte potential, a dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE) is used as reference electrode. Two fundamental configurations for integrating a DHE into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are investigated: In the first configuration, the DHE is contacted to the membrane within a circular gap in the cathode catalyst layer, which is called edge configuration. In the second configuration, the DHE is placed between two membrane layers, which is called sandwich configuration. Differences between the reference electrode setups can be ascribed to an inhomogeneous electrolyte potential distribution close to the edge of the electrodes as described in literature. Our 2D fuel cell model as published in an earlier article is used to investigate this effect. We show that it is not possible to detect the electrode polarization by use of a reference electrode in edge configuration. By use of the sandwich configuration, the polarization of the anode and cathode half cells can be measured independently.
Metabolic Reprogramming towards Aerobic Glycolysis Correlates with Greater Proliferative Ability and Resistance to Metabolic Inhibition in CD8 versus CD4 T Cells (2014)

T lymphocytes (T cells) undergo metabolic reprogramming after activation to provide energy and biosynthetic materials for growth, proliferation and differentiation. Distinct T cell subsets, however, adopt metabolic programs specific to support their needs. As CD4 T cells coordinate adaptive immune responses while CD8 T cells become cytotoxic effectors, we compared activation-induced proliferation and metabolic reprogramming of these subsets. Resting CD4 and CD8 T cells were metabolically similar and used a predominantly oxidative metabolism. Following activation CD8 T cells proliferated more rapidly. Stimulation led both CD4 and CD8 T cells to sharply increase glucose metabolism and adopt aerobic glycolysis as a primary metabolic program. Activated CD4 T cells, however, remained more oxidative and had greater maximal respiratory capacity than activated CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells were also associated with greater levels of ROS and increased mitochondrial content, irrespective of the activation context. CD8 cells were better able, however, to oxidize glutamine as an alternative fuel source. The more glycolytic metabolism of activated CD8 T cells correlated with increased capacity for growth and proliferation, along with reduced sensitivity of cell growth to metabolic inhibition. These specific metabolic programs may promote greater growth and proliferation of CD8 T cells and enhance survival in diverse nutrient conditions.
Querying MOF Repositories: The Design and Implementation of the Query Metamodel Language (QML) (2007)

In a digital business ecosystem (DBE) information on the businesses and the services they provide may be described in terms of models and data which are used to se-mantically discover partners and services. The object management group (OMG) defines a four layered modelling architecture, the model driven architecture (MDA), which provides mechanisms for rapid development of modelling languages addressing domain problems using the meta object facility (MOF). MOF incorporates object oriented concepts and is a subset of UML. Furthermore, as users typically don't know how to make requests, the system has to be tolerant. The Query Metamodel Language (QML) is a language that exploits the Object Constraint Language (OCL) (which is very closely associated with UML and therefore MOF) to provide powerful query support on model repositories. This paper presents the motivation for QML along with its abstract syntax. It also introduces the framework for QML processing that incorporates information retrieval functionality and is used to formulate fuzzy queries using the extended boolean model. It describes how QML is integrated in the MOF architecture and how semantic expansion of queries and evaluation can be done in an effective way.
Superconductivity produced by electron doping in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-layered compounds (1989)

We have discovered that the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{4+}$ doping and subsequent annealing in reducing atmosphere give rise to 24-K superconductivity in the ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$-type structure with sheets of Cu-O squares. In contrast to the previously reported high-${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ cuprates, the charge carriers in the new superconductors are doped electrons, not holes; this was confirmed by the measurements of Hall and Seebeck coefficients as well as by chemical analysis of the effective copper valence. An anomalous dependence of ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ on the concentration of doped electrons is shown for these electron-doped superconducting suprates.
Faith and Environmentalism: A personal reflection (2018)

This paper was presented as a culminating capstone project at North Cascades Institute as required by Western Washington University’s M.Ed. program in Environmental Education. Guided by seven themes, this paper seeks to demonstrate the connection between Faith and the environment. The seven connections explored include the following: prayer and meditation, peace, food consumption, seasons, material consumption, taking care, and fellowship. While environmentally responsible decisions may not necessarily be a top priority for all people of Faith, religious beliefs and Spirituality may influence some to develop a deeper connection to the environment. Although this paper is a personal reflection, focused on Christianity, readers with different beliefs and experiences may be able to find similarities that relate to their own lives.
Effect of Thermal History on the Rheological Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (2000)

The effect of thermal history on the rheological behavior of ester- and ether-based commercial thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) was investigated. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that the ester-based TPU consisted of 4,4‘-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and butanediol (BDO) as hard segments and poly(tetramethylene adipate) as soft segments, and the ether-based TPU consisted of MDI−BDO as hard segments and poly(oxytetramethylene) as soft segments. The dynamic storage and loss moduli (G‘ and G‘ ‘) of specimens, which had been prepared by injection molding at different temperatures, were monitored at a fixed angular frequency during isothermal annealing. It was found that injection molding temperature employed for specimen preparation had a profound influence on the variations of G‘ and G‘ ‘ with time observed during isothermal annealing. Measurements were taken of the N−H stretching absorption bands in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra during isothermal annealing at 170 °C for specimens prepared by injection molding at different temperatures. The analysis of FTIR spectra indicated that variations of hydrogen bonding with time during isothermal annealing resemble very much variations of G‘ with time during isothermal annealing. Isochronal dynamic temperature sweep experiments indicated that the TPUs exhibited hysteresis effect in the heating and cooling processes. It is concluded that the microphase separation transition or order−disorder transition in TPU cannot be determined from the isochronal dynamic temperature sweep experiment. It was observed that plots of log G‘ versus log G‘ ‘ varied with temperature over the entire range of temperatures (110−190 °C) investigated, suggesting that the morphological state of the TPU specimens varied with temperature. Little evidence was found from 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy that exchange reactions took place in the TPU specimens during isothermal annealing at elevated temperatures.
Acute pulmonary inflammation is inhibited in CXCR3 knockout mice after short-term cigarette smoke exposure (2008)

T 房间) 进航线和肺，以及开始煽动性并且在跟随短期的 CS 侮辱的 2 h 的 fibrotic cytokines 版本。CXCR3 能是为 CS 导致的肺的发炎的处理的一个新奇目标。
Smart antenna system and its application in low-earth-orbit satellite communication systems (1999)

Space-division-multiple-access is one of the solutions for increasing system capacity as well as improving system performance in wireless communications. Experimental studies have been reported, using a smart antenna system to exploit spatial diversity in low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite personal communication services (S-PCS). The paper presents direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of satellite signals, variation of spatial signature and DOA with frequencies, elevation angle and motion, and diversity gain achieved by using an antenna array in line-of-sight (LOS) and shadowing scenarios. For typical environments, such as LOS and light or heavy shadowing cases, the experimental results reveal rich spatial diversity and high diversity gain when using a smart antenna system in LEO S-PCS.