gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures (2008)

Bronchoscopy is often performed for diagnosing lung cancer. The recent development of multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners and ultrathin bronchoscopes now enable the bronchoscopic biopsy and treatment of peripheral regions of interest (ROIs). Because the peripheral ROIs are often located several generations within the airway tree, careful planning is required prior to a procedure. The current practice for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures, however, is difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming. We propose a system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures using patient-specific MDCT chest scans. The planning process begins with a semi-automatic segmentation of ROIs. The remaining system components are completely automatic, beginning with a new strategy for tracheobronchial airway-tree segmentation. The system then uses a new locally-adaptive approach for finding the interior airway-wall surfaces. From the polygonal airway-tree surfaces, a centerline-analysis method extracts the central axes of the airway tree. The system's route-planning component then analyzes the data generated in the previous stages to determine an appropriate path through the airway tree to the ROI. Finally, an automated report generator gives quantitative data about the route and both static and dynamic previews of the procedure. These previews consist of virtual bronchoscopic endoluminal renderings at bifurcations encountered along the route and renderings of the airway tree and ROI at the suggested biopsy location. The system is currently in use for a human lung-cancer patient pilot study involving the planning and subsequent live image-based guidance of suspect peripheral cancer nodules.
Noise correlations in images acquired simultaneously with a dual‐energy sandwich detector (1989)

An energy discriminating detector for dual-energy radiography can be configured as a two-layer sandwich, where the mean energy of photons detected by the two layers differs. To characterize the quantum noise of such a detector, the noise covariance between the two layers must be known in addition to the noise variance in each layer. A theory is presented which permits the calculation of the noise covariance, and it is found to be negligibly small. Experimental results, based on measurements with a Na1 sandwich detector and an isotope gamma ray source, are reported and shown to confirm the theory. The quantum noise in each layer is independent and Poisson.
Trends in survival rates in Japanese patients with advanced carcinoma of the stomach. (1992)

From 1965 to 1985, 1,150 patients underwent gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach invading beyond the submucosa. One thousand, one hundred and forty-one patients were studied for five years or longer. The patients were classified into two groups--those treated from 1965 to 1974 (n = 622) and those treated from 1975 to 1985 (n = 519). In the more recent group, there was a significant increase in the number of patients more than 70 years of age, in the number of female patients, of carcinomas present in the upper two-thirds of the stomach, in tumors exceeding 10 centimeters and diffusely infiltrative type and in early cancer-simulating type of advanced carcinoma in gross appearance and in undifferentiated type adenocarcinomas in histology. Although differences in the incidence of patients treated by radical procedures, such as extensive lymph node dissection and combined resection of adjacent organs, were not statistically significant, the incidence for those who underwent total gastrectomy was significantly increased. The over-all long term survival rate remained unchanged during 1965 to 1985 (five year survival rate of 31.3 versus 32.8 per cent). However, there was a significantly longer survival period for patients who underwent total gastrectomy (five year survival rate of 22.9 versus 28.3 per cent) (p less than 0.05). Much of the improvement can be attributed to an increase in the detection of relatively small advanced carcinomas and of advanced carcinomas of the stomach simulating early carcinoma in the upper one-third of the stomach. Therefore, we emphasize the need to diagnose advanced carcinoma of the stomach when the lesion is in an earlier stage of disease.
Establishment and Characterization of Human Fetal Liver Epithelial Cell Line Transfected with SV40 T Antigen (1995)

The aim of the present study was to establish a stable cell line useful for the study of growth and differentiation of human fetal liver cells. We have established an immortalized human fetal liver cell line (designated NFL/T) by transfection with simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, without any culture crisis. The cells showed growth properties similar to normal cells, including density-dependent cell growth. Electron microscopy demonstrated liver-specific differentiated morphological properties. Moreover, positive albumin and cytokeratin 7 production was detected immunologically. Thus, the NFL/T cell line is less transformed than the other fetal liver cell lines established by this method, and might be useful to study the growth and differentiation of human fetal liver cells.
Tunable Tm - doped silica fibre laser (2005)

We report the continuous-wave operation of a thulium-doped silica fibre laser, pumped at 1567 nm from an erbium/ytterbium-doped fibre laser. The quantum efficiency of 51% (with respect to absorbed pump power) is obtained at a wavelength of 1830 nm. The laser can be tuned continuously from 1750 to 1880 nm using an external grating.
Tools for Cellulose Analysis in Plant Cell Walls (2010)

Cellulose is intimately associated with multiple facets of human civilization: central to clothing, shelter, heat, medicine, and food, there are few moments in the average human life that are not spent in direct contact with cellulose or a by-product of its composition. It should come as no surprise
Fiber-waveguide laser interferometers (1977)

Experimental evidence is given that a laser beam retains its spatial coherence during passage through a single-mode fiber waveguide 150 m long. A description is given of two types of laser interferometer utilizing such a waveguide.
Pressure-gradient singularity and production enhancement for hydraulically fractured wells (2013)

When a hydraulic fracture is modelled as a slit, the flow of the reservoir fluid towards the fracture develops a pressure-gradient singularity at the sharp fracture tips for both steady and transient flows. This pressure-gradient singularity also creates a flux-density singularity of the same type at the fracture tips. We study this pressure-gradient/flux singularity and its role in the production enhancement for hydraulically fractured wells in detail for the stabilized flow regime. Analytical solutions for slit, rectangular and elliptical shape fractures in the limit of infinite dimensionless fracture conductivity are used to analyse the flow physics. Our analyses reveal the exact mathematical nature of the pressure-gradient tip singularity and its regularization by the elliptical geometry. We show that this pressure-gradient tip singularity causes the flow from the region ahead of the fracture tip to converge and focus at the fracture tip. This flow pattern concentrates the production to the region near the fracture tip and increases the flux along the entire fracture surface. The singularity in the reservoir pressure-gradient is inherent for all fractures with sharp ends in both steady and transient flows regardless of the fracture conductivity. Our results establish pressure-gradient tip singularity as a universal and primary mechanism for enhanced productivity from hydraulically fractured wells. The large suction forces at the fracture tips induce the fluid to flow from an ultra-low permeability reservoir into a hydraulic fracture.
A Study of the Next WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11ac Physical Layer (2013)

This thesis studies the Physical Layer (PHY) of the new IEEE 802.11acWireless Local Access Network (WLAN) standard. The 11ac is built basedon the 11n successful standard. The standard is expected to be completedby the end of 2013. And it promises a Very High Throughput (VHT),and robust communication. In order to achieve that, the 11ac uses morebandwidth, it employs higher numbers of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) spatial streams, and higher orders of modulations. The 11ac PHYframe structure is studied in details. The transmitter and receiver blocks areexplained and implemented by MATLAB. Bit Error Rate (BER) and ErrorVector Magnitude (EVM) simulations of the PHY were run. The effectof different Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), and bandwidths werestudied. The performance of MIMO and Space-Time Block Coding (STBC)was investigated. The simulation results shows how the 11ac benefits fromthe new employed features. The created MATLAB simulation program canbe used for further tests and research.
Seismic tomography: The accurate and efficient tracing of rays through heterogeneous media (1984)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984Seismic tomography: The accurate and efficient tracing of rays through heterogeneous mediaAuthors: R. T. LanganI. LercheR. T. CutlerT. N. BishopN. J. SperaR. T. LanganGulf R&D, I. LercheUniv. of South Carolina, R. T. CutlerGulf Oil E&P, T. N. BishopGulf Oil E&P, and N. J. SperaGulf R&D.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894309 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894309FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRobust refraction statics solution and near-surface velocity model building using feedback from reflection dataGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 83, No. 6COMPUTING FIELD STATICS WITH THE HELP OF SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY*Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 35, No. 8 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION R. T. Langan, I. Lerche, R. T. Cutler, T. N. Bishop, and N. J. Spera, (1984), "Seismic tomography: The accurate and efficient tracing of rays through heterogeneous media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 713-715. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894309 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Three-dimensional separated flow structure over prolate spheroids (1990)

Abstract Colour poster paints were used for water-tunnel visualization of the surface flow patterns over prolate spheroids of axis-ratios b/a = ½, ⅓ and ¼ at incidence from 0-90°. Results display the surface flow pattern over the entire body presumably for the first time in terms of completeness and clarify unsettled questions in the literature.
Enhancing head and helmet-mounted displays using a virtual pixel technology (2015)

Head and helmet-mounted displays utilize pixels to display a digitized approximation of the real world. These displays must have a higher pixel density (as compared to a monitor or projected image) to create the same level of perceived resolution. This paper proposes a virtual pixel technology which incorporates a virtual pixel creation function. Each physical pixel’s configuration is based on the virtual pixels that it contributes to, allowing lower pixel density display hardware to produce the approximation of a higher pixel density. The paper provides an overview of the proposed technology and how it is applicable to head/helmet-mounted displays and considerations related thereto.
THE ANTISEPTIC AND DETOXIFYING ACTION OF ZINC PEROXIDE ON CERTAIN SURGICAL AEROBIC, ANAEROBIC AND MICRO-AEROPHILIC BACTERIA (1939)

FROM THE BACTERIOLOGICAL RESERCH LABORTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, AND THE SURGICAL SERVICE OF THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, NEW YORK, N. Y.
Tuneable asymmetric copper-catalysed allylic amination and oxidation reactions (2005)

Asymmetric allylic amination or oxidation can be achieved by reaction of an alkene with a peroxycarbamate catalysed by a chiral copper bis-oxazoline complex, and the reaction can be tuned to give either the amination or oxidation product by reagent choice.
Localization of a gene for familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy causing underexcretion-type gout to 16p12 by genome-wide linkage analysis of a large family (2000)

A gene for FJHN was localized to a candidate interval of approximately 9 cM at 16p12. These findings will be useful for the presymptomatic diagnosis of FJHN in some families and for testing genetic heterogeneity of FJHN in general.
On the synthesis of 4- and 5-pyrimidinyl-diphenyl-(1-imidazolyl)methanes and their antifungal activity (1980)

On reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with ethyl ester of 5-chloro-2-methyl-, 5-chloro-2-methylthio-, 5-bromo-2-methylthio-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid and 2,4-dimethyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid ( IIa, IIb, IIc, V ) corresponding 4-pyrimidinyl- or 5-pyrimidinyl-diphenylmethanols ( IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, VI ) were obtained. On reaction of thionyl-bis-imidazole with these methanols (4- or 5-pyrimidinyl)-diphenyl-(1-imidazolyl)-methanes IVa, IVb, IVc and VII were prepared. Phenylmagnesium bromide reacted with ethyl 4-methyl-2-methylthio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate ( VIII ) under formation of dihydro derivative IX . We were unable to prepare Grignard's reagent from 5-bromo-2-methylthiopyrimidine and magnesium; it reacted with ethylmagnesium bromide under formation of dihydro derivative I . 5-Chloro-2-methylthio-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid when heated with NaOH in dimethyl sulfoxide gave 5-hydroxy-2-methylsulfinyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid. Compounds IVb and IVc prevented the growth of Candida albicans in vitro at almost the same concentrations as clotrimazole.
Role of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase in the Generation of Black Tea Theaflavins (1999)

It has been reported earlier that when macerated tea leaf is fermented at lower pH, the resultant black tea contains increased levels of theaflavin, an important quality marker in black tea. In an attempt to investigate the biochemistry and chemistry underlying this observation, in vitro oxidation experiments using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from fresh tea leaves, horseradish peroxidase (POD), and tea catechins, precursors for theaflavins, were carried out. In vitro oxidation experiments using crude tea PPO resulted in higher content of theaflavins at pH 4.5 in comparison with pH 5.5, the normal pH of the macerated tea leaf. When purified PPO was used in the in vitro system, surprisingly a reversal of this trend was observed, with more theaflavins being formed at the higher pH. A combination of pure tea PPO and POD led to an observation similar to that with the crude enzyme preparation, suggesting a possible role for POD in the formation or degradation of theaflavin. POD was observed to oxidize theaflavins in the presence of H(2)O(2), leading to the formation of thearubigin, another black tea pigment. This paper demonstrates that tea PPO, while oxidizing catechins, generates H(2)O(2). The amount of H(2)O(2) produced is greater at pH 5.5, the optimum pH for PPO activity, than at pH 4.5. Hence, an observed increase of theaflavins in black teas fermented at pH 4.5 appears to be due to lower turnover of formed theaflavins into thearubigins.
Bandwidth Choice for Density Derivatives (1990)

SUMMARY An adaptation of least squares cross-validation is proposed for bandwidth choice in the kernel estimation of the derivatives of a probability density. The practicality of the method is demonstrated by an example and a simulation study. Theoretical justification is provided by an asymptotic optimality result.
Blue-to-green electrophosphorescence of iridium-based cyclometallated materials (2005)

The photo- and electroluminescence properties of a series of novel, heteroleptic, mer-cyclometallated iridium complexes have been fine-tuned from green to blue by changing the substituents on the pyridyl ring of the phenylpyridyl ligand. The X-ray crystal structures of two Ir-based triazolyl complexes are reported.
Error-latency Trade-off for Asynchronous Stochastic Computing with ΣΔ Streams for the IoT (2019)

Asynchronous stochastic computing (ASC) using continuous-time-asynchronous ΣΔ modulators (SC-AΣΔM) has the potential to enable ultra-low-power, on-node machine learning algorithms for the next generation of sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT). Similar to synchronous stochastic computing (SSC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ), in SC-AΣΔM complex processing units can be implemented with simple gates because numbers are represented with streams. For example a multiplier is implemented with a XNOR gate, yielding savings in power and area of 90% compared with the typical binary approach. Previous work demonstrated that SC-AΣΔM leverages SSC advantages and addresses its drawbacks, achieving significant savings in energy, power and latency. In this work, we study a theoretical model to determine the fundamental limits of accuracy and computing time for SCAΣΔM. Since the ΣΔ streams are periodic the final computing error is non-zero and depends on the period of the input streams. We validate our theoretical model with Spice-level simulations and evaluate the power and energy consumption using a standard FinFet1X2 technology for two cases: 1) multiplication and 2) gamma correction, an image processing algorithm. Our work determines circuit design guidelines for SC-AΣΔM and shows that multiplication with SC-AΣΔM requires at least 6X less time than SSC. The latency reduction and novel architecture positively impacts the overall energy consumption in the IoT node, enabling savings in energy of 79% compared with the binary approach.
Comparing cardiac action potentials recorded with metal and glass microelectrodes (2000)

Machine-pulled high-impedance glass capillary microelectrode is standard for transmembrane potential (TMP) recordings. However, it is fragile and difficult to impale, especially in beating myocardial tissues. We hypothesize that a high-impedance pure iridium metal electrode can be used as an alternative to the glass microelectrode for TMP recording. The TMPs were simultaneously recorded from isolated perfused swine right ventricles with a metal microelectrode and a standard glass microelectrode during pacing and during ventricular fibrillation. The basic morphology of TMP recorded with these electrodes was comparable. The action potential duration (APD) at 90% repolarization was 241 +/- 29 ms for the metal microelectrode and 236 +/- 31 ms for the glass microelectrode with a good correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001). The maximum slope value of the APD restitution curves during pacing was also significantly correlated. One metal microelectrode and >20 glass microelectrodes were needed per study. We conclude that, in isolated perfused swine right ventricles, the TMP recorded by the metal microelectrode is comparable with that recorded by the glass microelectrode. Because the metal microelectrode is more durable than the glass microelectrode, it can serve as an alternative for APD recording and for restitution analyses.
Influence of surgical approach on heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty – is minimal invasive better? A case control study (2017)

The rate and degree of HO after THA were significantly different with regards to the surgical approach. The standard modified anterolateral approach resulted in the highest HO rate, however, MIS approaches showed higher HO rates than the STD-Bauer.
1980 Award in medicinal chemistry. Medicinal chemistry and dynamic structure-activity analysis in the discovery of drugs acting at histamine H2 receptors (1981)

Applications of physical organic chemistry and dynamic structure--activity analysis are illustrated by studies made during the development of specific drugs acting as antagonists of histamine at H2 receptors. Imidazolylalkylguanidines, isothioureas, and carboxamidines were found to be partial agonists, and attempts were made to remove the agonist component by lengthening the side chain and replacing the strongly basic group in these molecules by nonbasic groups. This approach furnished thioureas and cyanoguanidines as competitive antagonist, e.g., burimamide and cimetidine. Thoughts about molecular interactions led to the discovery of other nonbasic chemical groups for antagonist structures, in particular 1,1-diamino-2-nitroethenes and 2-amino-pyrimidine-4-ones (isocytosines). Such moieties are incorporated, respectively, in the recently described antagonist drugs ranitidine and oxmetidine.
Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019)

Athletes are continually seeking new technologies and therapies to gain a competitive edge to maximize their health and performance. Athletes have gravitated toward the use of wearable sensors to monitor their training and recovery. Wearable technologies currently utilized by sports teams monitor both the internal and external workload of athletes. However, there remains an unmet medical need by the sports community to gain further insight into the internal workload of the athlete to tailor recovery protocols to each athlete. The ability to monitor biomarkers from saliva or sweat in a noninvasive and continuous manner remain the next technological gap for sports medical personnel to tailor hydration and recovery protocols per the athlete. The emergence of flexible and stretchable electronics coupled with the ability to quantify biochemical analytes and physiological parameters have enabled the detection of key markers indicative of performance and stress, as reviewed in this paper.
Domain names - implementation and specification (1987)

This RFC describes the details of the domain system and protocol, and assumes that the reader is familiar with the concepts discussed in a companion RFC, &quot;Domain Names- Concepts and Facilities &quot; [RFC-1034]. The domain system is a mixture of functions and data types which are an official protocol and functions and data types which are still experimental. Since the domain system is intentionally extensible, new data types and experimental behavior should always be expected in parts of the system beyond the official protocol. The official protocol parts include standard queries, responses and the Internet class RR data formats (e.g., host addresses). Since the previous RFC set, several definitions have changed, so some previous definitions are obsolete. Experimental or obsolete features are clearly marked in these RFCs, and such information should be used with caution. The reader is especially cautioned not to depend on the values which appear in examples to be current or complete, since their purpose is