gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites on Antigen-Induced Histamine Release from Human Basophils <i>in Vitro</i> (1979)

Abstract We have studied the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The AA analog, eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (ETYA), which inhibits both the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism, was found to cause a dose-dependent inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release from human basophils; complete inhibition occurred at 10-4 M. In contrast, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) including indomethacin (10-9 to 10-6 M), meclofenamic acid (10-6 to 10-4 M), and aspirin (10-5 to 10-3 M), which block the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of AA metabolism, enhanced mediator release. AA (10-7 to 10-5 M) also enhanced basophil mediator release, an effect that was not affected by preincubation with indomethacin. Other fatty acids including linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acids were without effect. Indomethacin (and the other NSAID studied) reversed the inhibition caused by the AA metabolite, prostaglandin (PG) E2, in a dose-dependent fashion. This reversal of inhibition was not unique to PG, but was observed with all inhibitors of histamine release studied that act via activation of adenylate cyclase including isoproterenol and the H2 agonist, dimaprit. NSAID, however, did not reverse the inhibition caused by drugs that do not act on adenylate cyclase, i.e., dibutyryl cAMP, isobutylmethylxanthine, and 2-deoxyglucose. In the leukocyte preparations studied, the NSAID did not block the increase in the intracellular cAMP levels caused by agonists that act via adenylate cyclase. It appears that a product(s) of AA metabolism, generated via the lipoxygenase pathway, is involved in IgE-mediated histamine release and that the same or a different product(s) modulates the control mechanisms that are linked to adenylate cyclase.
Sialic acid concentration in different stages of malignant lymphoma and leukemia in children (1997)

Sialic acid concentration in the blood serum of 104 children suffering from leukemia and malignant lymphomas was determined. A significant higher concentration of sialic acid was found at the onset of the disease, compared to the controls. In the group of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia a dependence was noted between the stage of the disease and the concentration of sialic acid in the serum. The high concentration of sialic acid at the onset of the disease, although decreasing during treatment, rose again during relapses of the disease. It seems that determination of sialic acid concentration may be useful in monitoring treatment.
An upgraded version of the Eta model (2012)

Upgrades implemented over a number of years in an open source version of the Eta model, posted at the CPTEC web site http://etamodel.cptec.inpe.br/ , are summarized and examples of benefits are shown. The version originates from the NCEP’s Workstation Eta code posted on the NCEP web site http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/wrkstn_eta , which differs from the NCEP’s latest operational Eta by having the WRF-NMM nonhydrostatic option included. Most of the upgrades made resulted from attention paid to less than satisfactory performance noted in several Eta results, and identification of the reasons for the problem. Others came from simple expectation that including a feature that is physically justified but is missing in the code should help. The most notable of the upgrades are the introduction of the so-called sloping steps, or discretized shaved cells topography; piecewise-linear finite-volume vertical advection of dynamic variables; vapor and hydrometeor loading in the hydrostatic equation, and changes aimed at refining the convection schemes available in the Eta. Several other modifications have to do with the calculation of exchange coefficients, conservation in the vertical diffusion, and diagnostic calculation of 10-m winds. Several examples showing improved performance resulting from the dynamics changes are given. One includes a case of unrealistically low temperatures in several mountain basins generated by a centered vertical advection difference scheme’s unphysical advection from below ground, removed by its replacement with a finite-volume scheme. Another is that of increased katabatic winds in the Terra Nova Bay Antarctica region. Successful forecast of the severe downslope zonda wind case in the lee of the highest peaks of the Andes is also shown, and some of the recent successful verification results of the use of the upgraded model are pointed out. The code is used at numerous places, and along with setup information it is available for outside users at the CPTEC Eta web site given above.
Autonomous Landing Guidance Systems (1986)

All weather tactical aircraft recovery and high sortie generation rates from forward, possibly battle damaged landing areas will reqire autonomous landing guidance systems which are independent of ground-based cooperative aids. A recently completed study has examined the operational requirements and assessed current and near term technology for an answer to this need. The Landing Systems Requirements/Synthesis Study has defined the Pilot/vehicle Interface and imaging sensor suite required, based on the concept of augmenting pilot forward vision with sensor imagery and guidance symbology on a HUD during low visibility landings. Image processing technology was also assessed for potential enhancement of the information presented to the pilot. This paper summarizes the final report of the Study, which is in publication.
Molecular analysis of plant sugar and amino acid transporters (1996)

Although plants are photoautotrophic organisms, they are composed of many heterotrophic tissue systems that must import sugars and amino acids in a process known as assimilate partitioning. While the general features of assimilate partitioning were well described by the early 1980s, little was known about the various transport proteins involved in this essential activity associated with multicellular growth. In the past seven years, however, significant progress has been made in describing the transport properties and molecular genetics of these critical transport systems. Initially, these porters were well characterized using purified membrane vesicles and imposed proton electrochemical potential differences. This approach allowed for a detailed analysis of their transport kinetics, bioenergetics, and substrate specificity. Subsequently, several transporters were cloned using differential hybridization and functional complementation of yeast transport mutants. At first, isolation of transporter genes seemed to simplify our understanding by filling in gaps associated with transporter function. However, it has become increasingly clear that assimilate partitioning has many levels of complexity yet to be penetrated. This is best illustrated by the large number of carriers cloned. For example, at least 12 genes encoding putative sugar transporters in the Major Facilitator Superfamily have been identified in plants. Moreover, recent work in this laboratory has demonstrated that a sugar beet member of this superfamily is targeted to the tonoplast membrane, thus implicating that porter in intracellular sugar partitioning. Similar complexity is emerging in the number of plant amino acid transporters identified. Therefore, a detailed analysis of AAP1/NAT2 as a prototypical example of one class of amino acid carriers has been initiated. The topology of this porter is being mapped, and site-directed and random mutagenesis are being used to identify functionally important amino acid residues and protein domains. The major challenges facing this field are to determine the unique contributions made by these many transport systems, to understand their structure and function relationships and, ultimately, to identify the mechanisms which regulate activity and integrate assimilate distribution in the plant as a multicellular organism.
Circulating Plasma Extracellular Microvesicle MicroRNA Cargo and Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2016)

These observations elucidate a novel role of exosomal miRNA-360 as a putative key mediator of vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk in children with underlying OSA and/or obesity, and identify therapeutic targets.
Noise emission measurements <i>in situ</i>—A comparison between different methods (1999)

Within the frame of a European project within the research program Standards, Measurements and Testing, different methods for the determination of emission sound pressure levels and sound power levels have been tested. The different methods have been ISO/DIS 3747, ISO 9614-2, the ISO 11200 series, that is ISO 11201, 11202 and 11204, and a new method, ISO ‘‘11205,’’ using the sound intensity level to approximate the emission sound pressure level. Comparison measurements have been made on several different machines in situ using eight different measurement teams on each machine/test site combination. The results indicate that ISO 11202 tends to overestimate the emission sound pressure level in relation to ISO 11201, that ISO 11204-4 has a limited field of application, that ‘‘11205’’ tends to underestimate the emission sound pressure level, in particular for large machines with noise emitting parts far from each other, that ISO/DIS 3747 works very well, and that ISO 9614-2 tends to underestimate the sound power level in relation to ISO 3741. The results are discussed and possible improvements to the different standards are proposed.
The Chemistry of the Sydnones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of the SydnonesF. H. C. StewartCite this: Chem. Rev. 1964, 64, 2, 129–147Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60228a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60228a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1518Altmetric-Citations206LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Dynamic Architecture of <i>Hox</i> Gene Clusters (2011)

The spatial and temporal control of Hox gene transcription is essential for patterning the vertebrate body axis. Although this process involves changes in histone posttranslational modifications, the existence of particular three-dimensional (3D) architectures remained to be assessed in vivo. Using high-resolution chromatin conformation capture methodology, we examined the spatial configuration of Hox clusters in embryonic mouse tissues where different Hox genes are active. When the cluster is transcriptionally inactive, Hox genes associate into a single 3D structure delimited from flanking regions. Once transcription starts, Hox clusters switch to a bimodal 3D organization where newly activated genes progressively cluster into a transcriptionally active compartment. This transition in spatial configurations coincides with the dynamics of chromatin marks, which label the progression of the gene clusters from a negative to a positive transcription status. This spatial compartmentalization may be key to process the colinear activation of these compact gene clusters.
The role of metastasis suppressor genes in metastatic dormancy (2008)

Metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) are defined by their ability to inhibit overt metastasis in a secondary organ without affecting tumor growth at the primary site. Over 20 MSGs have been confirmed in vivo. This class of genes is only unified by their capacity to suppress metastasis, as they encode for proteins with a wide range of biochemical activities that are components of a variety of signaling pathways. In addition, metastasis suppressors impinge upon different stages of the metastatic cascade to manifest their suppressive effects. The MSGs KISS1, KAI1, MKK4/7 and Nm23-H1 promote tumor dormancy at the metastatic site, since tumor cells with induced expression of these MSGs disseminate, but do not form overt metastases in the secondary organ throughout the duration of a metastasis assay. Evidence suggests that KISS1 triggers dormancy in solitary, metastatic tumor cells by causing growth arrest of solitary cells at the secondary site. KAI1 induces growth arrest prior to extravasation by binding a vascular endothelial cell surface marker. MKK4, MKK7 and Nm23-H1 appear to promote dormancy of micrometastatic colonies, after disseminated tumor cells have undergone several rounds of proliferation. Other MSGs may also function in tumor dormancy, but so far their role has not been fully elucidated. Therapeutic approaches that either mimic the effects of MSGs or re-establish MSG expression in metastatic lesions may hold promise for the establishment or maintenance of dormancy.
An all-analog expandable neural network LSI with on-chip backpropagation learning (1994)

This paper proposes an all-analog neural network LSI architecture and a new learning procedure called contrastive backpropagation learning. In analog neural LSI's with on-chip backpropagation learning, inevitable offset errors that arise in the learning circuits seriously degrade the learning performance. Using the learning procedure proposed here, offset errors are canceled to a large extent and the effect of offset errors on the learning performance is minimized. This paper also describes a prototype LSI with 9 neurons and 81 synapses based on the proposed architecture which is capable of continuous neuron-state and continuous-time operation because of its fully analog and fully parallel property. Therefore, an analog neural system made by combining LSI's with feedback connections is promising for implementing continuous-time models of recurrent networks with real-time learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction and control of millimetre-waves with microplasma arrays (2005)

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in several types of microplasmas has been examined experimentally in a frequency range 10–75 GHz. Firstly, the fundamental characteristics of the propagation were investigated using a planar geometry of microplasma assembly, and the electron density was derived by a comparison of the transmittance with the theoretical analyses using a Drude type model with collisional effects. Secondly, an extraordinary propagation phenomenon such as the focusing effect was observed in a two-dimensional periodical microplasma array. This kind of anomalous refraction cannot be interpreted only by predictions based on the dielectric property of bulk plasma, and it is suggested that a photonic-crystal-like periodical dielectric structure may play a significant role. Thirdly, it was demonstrated that the T-junction formed by a microplasma connected to a microstrip line can control the transmission of microwaves. An attenuation (or modulation) depth of about 35% was obtained with a series of two T-junctions connected to the strip line at the right-angled corners. All the above features come from (a) the relatively high electron density of the microplasmas near 1013 cm−3, (b) the complex dispersion relation with collisional effects and (c) the spatial arrangement with a characteristic scale of the same order of the wavelength of microwaves.
3-Hydroxy-6,7-dihydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4(9H)-ones as new HIV-1 integrase inhibitors WO2011046873 A1 (2011)

Since the discovery of raltegravir, the first FDA-approved integrase inhibitor, Merck and other pharmaceutical companies have continued their research programs in order to introduce novel molecules as second generation integrase inhibitors. Elvitegravir (Japan Tobacco/Gilead) and dolutegravir (Shionogi/GlaxoSmithKline) are in advanced stages of clinical development. Bristol-Myers Squibb has developed molecules leading to BMS-707035, which was stopped at the Phase II clinical trial stage. Herein is presented the last patent from this company where, in particular, new 3-hydroxy-6,7-dihydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4(9H)-ones are synthesized and their biological properties given.
Gene transfer by guanidinium-cholesterol: dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine liposome-DNA complexes in aerosol (1999)

Optimizing gene delivery vectors for pulmonary aerosol delivery to respiratory sites must take into account factors other than transfection efficiency in vitro. Effects of liposome-DNA formulation on liposomal morphology (i.e. particle size, multilamellar structure) appear to be relevant to stability during aerosolization. These studies have allowed us to identify formulations that hold promise for successful clinical application of aerosol gene delivery.
Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Molecular Imaging of Tumor Vasculature by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

Phosphatidylserine (PS), normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, becomes exposed on the outer surface of viable endothelial cells in tumor vasculature, but not in normal blood vessels. In the present study, we report the use of PGN635, a novel human monoclonal antibody that specifically targets PS, for in vivo molecular MRI of tumor vasculature. The F(ab')2 fragments of PGN635 were conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IO). Targeting specificity of the PS-targeted Nanoprobe, IO-PGN635F(ab')2 was first confirmed by in vitro MRI and histological staining. In vivo longitudinal MRI was then performed before and after i.v. injection of IO-PGN635F(ab')2 into mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors. T2-weighted MR images at 9.4 T revealed inhomogeneous signal loss in tumor as early as 2 h post injection. Furthermore, ionizing radiation induced a significant increase in PS exposure on tumor vascular endothelial cells, resulting in significantly enhanced and sustained tumor contrast (p < 0.05). Spatially heterogeneous MRI contrast correlated well with histological staining of tumor vascular endothelium. Our studies suggest that PS exposed within the lumen of tumor vasculature is a highly specific and useful biomarker for targeted MRI contrast agents.
Derivatives of Fluorene. IV. Raney Nickel-Hydrazine Hydrate Reduction of Various Mono- and Dinitrofluorene Derivatives; Some New 9-Substituted Fluorenes<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Fluorene. IV. Raney Nickel-Hydrazine Hydrate Reduction of Various Mono- and Dinitrofluorene Derivatives; Some New 9-Substituted Fluorenes1T. LLOYD FLETCHER and MOSES J. NAMKUNGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 5, 680–683Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01099a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01099a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The application of the Diels-Alder reaction to polymer syntheses based on furan/maleimide reversible couplings (2005)

The furan heterocycle is a dienic reagent particularly suitable for the Diels-Alder reaction and maleimides represent a typical family of complementary reagents because of their strong dienophilic character. This paper reviews critically the studies devoted to the exploitation of the Diels Alder reaction between those moieties to synthesise macromolecular materials possessing different structures and properties. The most relevant approaches in this field are (i) polycondensation reactions calling upon A-A and B-B monomers and (ii) reversible cross-linking of linear polymers bearing pendant furan or maleimide moieties, based on the temperature sensitivity of the Diels-Alder equilibrium.
Effect of Various Proteins on Different Molecular Weight Proanthocyanidin Fractions of Red Wine during Wine Fining (2009)

The effect of several proteins on three main wine proanthocyanidin containing fractions with the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of 1.5 (FI), 3.4 (FII), and 4.9 (FIII) was studied. Although casein and potassium caseinate showed similar molecular weight (MW) distribution, casein decreased the FI fraction more than the twice as effectively as potassium caseinate. A gelatin with a medium MW polydispersion induced a similar decrease (~20%) in all tannin fractions. A gelatin with low MW primarily removed the tannin fractions of lower mDP (FI and FII), while a gelatin with a higher MW had a minor effect (5%) on the fraction of higher mDP (FIII). Neither of the two studied isinglasses reduced the FII fraction. The tannins of FI and FIII were removed by swim bladder isinglass twice as effectively as by fish skin isinglass. For the mDP of fined wines, egg albumin induced a decrease on mDP of 24% for the more polymerized tannin fraction (FIII); although within all assays there was a decrease ranging from 6 to 14%.
Radar Technology for Mine Detection (2001)

Much attention is being given to the challenge of detecting buried non-metallic mines and National and International programmes are underway to develop more effective detection and clearance systems. Reported results from the US national programmes on mine detection suggest that radar can outperform conventional metal detectors, which only respond to the metal content of a mine and hence are insensitive to minimum metal mines. Radar, and in particular ground penetrating radar, used in conjunction with other sensor arrays can result in an improved fused performance in terms of reduced false alarm rate. This paper reviews key aspects of the performance of radar as a sensor, in particular the system design, antenna characteristics, signal and image processing as well as detection performance. Examples of the radar images of mines and the factors that influence image quality are presented. Current demonstrator radar systems can detect buried AT mines with some confidence, but the reliable detection of AP mines will require further development of antennas, clutter rejection algorithms and target detection methods.