gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SceneNet RGB-D: Can 5M Synthetic Images Beat Generic ImageNet Pre-training on Indoor Segmentation? (2017)

We introduce SceneNet RGB-D, a dataset providing pixel-perfect ground truth for scene understanding problems such as semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and object detection. It also provides perfect camera poses and depth data, allowing investigation into geometric computer vision problems such as optical flow, camera pose estimation, and 3D scene labelling tasks. Random sampling permits virtually unlimited scene configurations, and here we provide 5M rendered RGB-D images from 16K randomly generated 3D trajectories in synthetic layouts, with random but physically simulated object configurations. We compare the semantic segmentation performance of network weights produced from pretraining on RGB images from our dataset against generic VGG-16 ImageNet weights. After fine-tuning on the SUN RGB-D and NYUv2 real-world datasets we find in both cases that the synthetically pre-trained network outperforms the VGG-16 weights. When synthetic pre-training includes a depth channel (something ImageNet cannot natively provide) the performance is greater still. This suggests that large-scale high-quality synthetic RGB datasets with task-specific labels can be more useful for pretraining than real-world generic pre-training such as ImageNet. We host the dataset at http://robotvault. bitbucket.io/scenenet-rgbd.html.
12.8 A BJT-based CMOS temperature sensor with a 3.6pJ·K<sup>2</sup>-resolution FoM (2014)

This paper presents a precision BJT-based temperature sensor implemented in standard CMOS. Its interface electronics consists of a continuous-time duty-cycle modulator [1], whose output can be easily interfaced to a microcontroller, rather than the discrete-time ΔΣ modulators of most previous work [2-4]. This approach leads to high resolution (3mK in a 2.2ms measurement time) and high energy efficiency, as expressed by a resolution FoM of 3.6pJK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is a 3× improvement on the state of the art [4,5]. By employing chopping, dynamic element matching and a single room temperature trim, the sensor also achieves a spread of less than ±0.15°C (3σ) from -45 to 130°C.
Analysis And Augmentation Of Timing Advance Based Geolocation In Lte Cellular Networks (2016)

The ubiquity of cellular technology has woven a variety of services, now axiomatic, into modern social fabric. Among those services is the ability to provide mobile user location. Applications of these location-based services include providing directions, emergency services, fraud protection, and direct marketing. This work provides in-depth analysis of cellular positioning, which leverages the Long Term Evolution (LTE) signaling plane timing advance (TA) parameter for the end of user geolocation. Additionally, we propose a novel method of augmenting TA-based positioning, Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR). We simultaneously show CeSAR to be a network performance multiplier and security vulnerability vis-a-vis the method's electromagnetically passive nature. Furthermore, we demonstrate how CeSAR improves positioning by adding system information and mitigating the effects of poor network infrastructure geometry. Through robust statistical analysis, we derive a theoretical lower bound on TA-based positioning and demonstrate that a statistically efficient estimator is possible in this context. Furthermore, numerical studies are conducted with synthetic and empirical data. The real-world data are observed in actual network deployments found in geographically diverse environments, such as Maryland and California. The results not only demonstrate the efficiency of the estimator but show that accuracy on the order of tens of meters is possible. Indeed, TA-based positioning is shown to be accurate on the order of 40 m in some scenarios. Additionally, we demonstrate that CeSAR is able to passively provide improvements ranging from 10 to 254 m over TA-only positioning.
Closed-loop kinematic calibration of the RSI 6-DOF hand controller (1995)

A method is presented for autonomous kinematic calibration of the RSI 6-DOF hand controller, a two-loop parallel mechanism comprised of three 6-DOF arms with potentiometers on the first three joints of each arm. This double closed-loop kinematic calibration method is an adaptation of a previously developed single closed-loop method. The kinematic parameters identified are the joint angle offsets and the joint angle gains. Experimental results are presented and compared to results using a special calibration fixture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visible spectroscopic imaging studies of normal and ischemic dermal tissue (2000)

We describe a non-invasive, in vivo hyperspectral imaging method for visualizing the spatial distribution of dermal tissue oxygenation. Real-time images of the dermis are acquired both at multiple, contiguous wavelengths and at relatively narrow spectral bandwidths to generate a data cube consisting of one spectral and two spatial dimensions. For data collection, the sample area is illuminated by radiation, which is delivered by liquid light guides from a quartz tungsten halogen source. Reflected light from the sample is first passed through a liquid crystal tunable filter and then imaged onto a silicon charged coupled device detector. The subsequently digitized data are presented in terms of spectral images reflecting multivariate least squares analyses based upon linear combinations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin reference spectra. The generated gray scale images directly represent the varying spatial distributions of dermal tissue oxygenation. As an example, imaging data are obtained from normal tissue and induced ischemic tissue for which both the venous and arterial blood flow was artificially occluded.
Engineering of the Escherichia coli Im7 immunity protein as a loop display scaffold (2006)

Protein scaffolds derived from non-immunoglobulin sources are increasingly being adapted and engineered to provide unique binding molecules with a diverse range of targeting specificities. The ColE7 immunity protein (Im7) from Escherichia coli is potentially one such molecule, as it combines the advantages of (i) small size, (ii) stability conferred by a conserved four anti-parallel alpha-helical framework and (iii) availability of variable surface loops evolved to inactivate members of the DNase family of bacterial toxins, forming one of the tightest known protein-protein interactions. Here we describe initial cloning and protein expression of Im7 and its cognate partner the 15 kDa DNase domain of the colicin E7. Both proteins were produced efficiently in E.coli, and their in vitro binding interactions were validated using ELISA and biosensor. In order to assess the capacity of the Im7 protein to accommodate extensive loop region modifications, we performed extensive molecular modelling and constructed a series of loop graft variants, based on transfer of the extended CDR3 loop from the IgG1b12 antibody, which targets the gp120 antigen from HIV-1. Loop grafting in various configurations resulted in chimeric proteins exhibiting retention of the underlying framework conformation, as measured using far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. Importantly, there was low but measurable transfer of antigen-specific affinity. Finally, to validate Im7 as a selectable scaffold for the generation of molecular libraries, we displayed Im7 as a gene 3 fusion protein on the surface of fd bacteriophages, the most common library display format. The fusion was successfully detected using an anti-Im7 rabbit polyclonal antibody, and the recombinant phage specifically recognized the immobilized DNase. Thus, Im7 scaffold is an ideal protein display scaffold for the future generation and for the selection of libraries of novel binding proteins.
Nerve growth factor protects the neonatal brain against hypoxic–ischemic injury (1996)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to protect specific neurons that express its signaling receptor, trkA, from a variety of insults. There are some data, in particular in the developing brain, indicating that NGF has neuroprotective actions that extend beyond cells expressing trkA. In this study, we asked whether NGF would protect against brain injury in a neonatal model of hypoxia-ischemia. Postnatal day (PD) 7 rat pups received a right carotid ligation and were then exposed to hypoxic conditions. Prior to carotid ligation and 48 hours later, pups received an intracerebroventricular injection of NGF or denatured NGF dissolved in vehicle or vehicle alone. Brains were then assessed at PD21. In vehicle- and denatured NGF-treated animals, there was significant damage (30-40% volume loss) to both the striatum and cortex ipsilateral to the carotid ligation. In contrast, little damage (10% volume loss) was observed in most NGF-treated animals. NGF injection studies revealed that NGF stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of trkA in multiple brain regions. These results show that NGF appears globally neuroprotective to the developing brain in a neonatal model of hypoxia-ischemia and that there may be novel mechanisms in vivo through which NGF exerts its protective actions.
Specificity of Exochelins for Iron Transport in Three Species of Mycobacteria (1980)

Iron chelated to the water-soluble extracellular iron-binding compound (exochelin) from Mycobacterium smegmatis was taken up by that organism by an energy-coupled transport system which was not found in M. bovis BCG or M. intracellulare. The uptake of iron from the chloroform-soluble exochelins produced by the latter two species was by an inhibitor-insenstive system which was also found in M. smegmatis.
Cloning and characterization of ERG25, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding C-4 sterol methyl oxidase. (1996)

We have cloned the Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-4 sterol methyl oxidase ERG25 gene. The sterol methyl oxidase performs the first of three enzymic steps required to remove the two C-4 methyl groups leading to cholesterol (animal), ergosterol (fungal), and stigmasterol (plant) biosynthesis. An ergosterol auxotroph, erg25, which fails to demethylate and concomitantly accumulates 4,4-dimethylzy-mosterol, was isolated after mutagenesis. A complementing clone consisting of a 1.35-kb Dra I fragment encoded a 309-amino acid polypeptide (calculated molecular mass, 36.48 kDa). The amino acid sequence shows a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal KKXX and three histidine-rich clusters found in eukaryotic membrane desaturases and in a bacterial alkane hydroxylase and xylene monooxygenase. The sterol profile of an ERG25 disruptant was consistent with the erg25 allele obtained by mutagenesis.
The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model (2016)

The IAM model provides a framework for future investigations into the development and persistence of SAD.
Comparison of Reliability of Isometric Leg Muscle Strength Measurements Made Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer with and without a Restraining Belt (2009)

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate whether using a belt to restrain a hand-held dynamometer improves reliability of isometric leg muscle strength measurements in healthy subjects. [Subjects] Twenty to 44 healthy subjects participated in the test. [Methods] Two raters, one man and one woman, used a hand-held dynamometer with or without a restraining belt to measure the isometric strengths of the following muscle groups: flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors, internal rotators and external rotators of the hip; flexors and extensors of the knee; and dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of the ankle. [Results] The intraclass correlation coefficient, used to describe interrater agreement, ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 with the belt and from 0.21 to 0.88 without the belt. Pearson's correlation coefficient for measurements with versus without the belt ranged from 0.61 to 0.95 for the man and from 0.31 to 0.87 for the woman. [Conclusion] The interrater reliability of isometric leg muscle strength measurements was improved by use of a belt to restrain the hand-held dynamometer.
A dynamic electrochemical sensor for europium(III) (2010)

Received 27 January 2010 revised and accepted 21 September 2010 A new calixarene derivative, i.e ., p-tert -butylcalix[4]arene has been used as an excellent ionophore in the construction of a novel PVC based Eu(III)-selective electrode. A master membrane with percentage composition of PVC:DBP:L: NaTPB:: 32:55:4:9 gives the best results. The membrane electrode exhibits a nernstian response with the slope of 19.7±1.0 mV/decade over a wide concentration range of 9.1 × 10 -8 -1.0 × 10 -1 M and with detection limit of 8.8 × 10 -8 M. The effects of membrane composition and pH as well as the influence of the anionic additive on the electrode performance have been investigated. The potential response of the resulting sensor is not influenced in the pH range 3.0-9.0. Moreover, the membrane electrode has a good reproducibility (RSD 3%), very fast response time (5 s) and ability to detect Eu(III) among other rare earth metal and common cations. The membrane sensor works satisfactorily up to 40% non-aqueous medium and can be used over a period of 6 months. The sensor has been successfully applied for the determination of Eu(III) in analytical and biological samples (urine and serum) and also acts as an electrode indicator.
Multitask Learning for Sequence Labeling Tasks (2014)

In this paper, we present a learning method for sequence labeling tasks in which each example sequence has multiple label sequences. Our method learns multiple models, one model for each label sequence. Each model computes the joint probability of all label sequences given the example sequence. Although each model considers all label sequences, its primary focus is only one label sequence, and therefore, each model becomes a task-specific model, for the task belonging to that primary label. Such multiple models are learned {\it simultaneously} by facilitating the learning transfer among models through {\it explicit parameter sharing}. We experiment the proposed method on two applications and show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method.
Using regression analysis for GA-based ATPG parameter optimization (2002)

Genetic algorithms have proven to be a viable solution to the NP-complete problem of test vector generation. However the parameters used to control GA-based ATPG can greatly affect test set size, fault coverage and CPU execution time. Knowing how a given set of parameters will affect each of these factors a priori allows for more efficient testing procedures. Over 1 million ATPG experiments were conducted on the ISCAS85 benchmark set exploring a wide range of parameter options. Although sequential circuit testing looms as the larger problem, investigating combinational circuits should provide direction as to where efforts should be focused. From our experiments, we derive regression-based equations utilizing circuit characteristics and various controllable parameters. Using these equations, the ATPG tool determines parameter values that maximize fault coverage while meeting constraints on CPU run times and test set size. For many circuits tested, fault coverage improved with a tolerable increase in CPU time.
RST cache memory design for a highly coupled multiprocessor system (1991)

The implementation of a coherence protocol and the cache-memory architecture for a Clipper-based multiprocessor prototype is described. The Clipper was chosen for its high-performance features: fast clock speed, internal caches, internal dual buses, sophisticated pipelining system, and integrated execution units. Previous experience in which a common bus caused the main performance bottleneck motivated the use of a private cache for each processor. The coherence protocol, called reduced state transitions (RST), is a modification of the Dragon protocol. In particular, the high performance of RST results from sophisticated architectural solutions, such as the use of buffers and overlapping a processor operation and a bus transaction. Additional performance improvement stems from the balance between several cache factors and careful tuning obtained by means of a simulation phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High pressure helium purifier Patent (1968)

Apparatus and method capable of receiving large quantity of high pressure helium, removing impurities, and discharging at received pressure
Formative Mechanisms of Current Concentration and Breakdown Phenomena Dependent on Direct Current Flow Through the Skin by a Dry Electrode (1986)

Direct current flow into the skin by dry electrode is useful in the fields of the electrocutaneous stimulation in sensory substitution systems and the probing of acupuncture points by means of electric resistance. During such. use, both the occurrences of a pain sensation and the electric breakdown of the skin become a hindrance to application. Equations describing these phenomena have been derived and the formative mechanisms of three phenomena, namely the current concentration in a minutely localized region, the occurrence of pain sensation as a result of heat generation, and the electric breakdown of the skin, have been made clear. The impottant values from which the key to solutions for these problems can be concretely obtained using equations are discussed in detail.
Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(γ-benzyl-<scp>l</scp>-glutamate) Solutions over Entiore Concentration Range (1981)

Abstract The solvent activities for the poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-dirnethylformamide system were obtained from isothermal distillation and vapor pressure measurements in the concentration range 15–100 vol % of polymer at 30[ddot]C. Three samples were studied. The results were combined with osmotic pressure data obtained previously. The solvent activitiesat comparatively low concentrations were compared with the Cotter modified theory. The solvent activity behavior of the lower molecular weight sample (M = 23,800) is in rough agreement with that predicted by the theory over both isotropicand anisotropic regions, provided that the polymer with some amount of solvent acts as a kinetic unit. The results at higher concentrations are reasonably explained by the Flory-Leonard model of mixing of polymer side-chain with solvent. The solution process is discussed over a wide concentration range.
Persona development for information-rich domains (2003)

Designing information architecture for complex websites requires understanding user information needs and mental models in that domain. Personas, or user archetypes, created for such domains should also reflect types of information needs, and usage of information set. We have created a statistical technique to identify important underlying groupings of information needs. In a preliminary study, we show how designers can use this information in conjunction with data from interviews and observations to generate and refine personas.
Post-Authorization Problems in the Use of Wiretaps Minimization Amendment Sealing and Inventories (1975)

WIRETAPS 1975
Sterile inflammation of endothelial cell-derived apoptotic bodies is mediated by interleukin-1α (2011)

Sterile inflammation resulting from cell death is due to the release of cell contents normally inactive and sequestered within the cell; fragments of cell membranes from dying cells also contribute to sterile inflammation. Endothelial cells undergoing stress-induced apoptosis release membrane microparticles, which become vehicles for proinflammatory signals. Here, we show that stress-activated endothelial cells release two distinct populations of particles: One population consists of membrane microparticles (<1 μm, annexin V positive without DNA and no histones) and another larger (1-3 μm) apoptotic body-like particles containing nuclear fragments and histones, representing apoptotic bodies. Contrary to present concepts, endothelial microparticles do not contain IL-1α and do not induce neutrophilic chemokines in vitro. In contrast, the large apoptotic bodies contain the full-length IL-1α precursor and the processed mature form. In vitro, these apoptotic bodies induce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and IL-8 chemokine secretion in an IL-1α-dependent but IL-1β-independent fashion. Injection of these apoptotic bodies into the peritoneal cavity of mice induces elevated serum neutrophil-inducing chemokines, which was prevented by cotreatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Consistently, injection of these large apoptotic bodies into the peritoneal cavity induced a neutrophilic infiltration that was prevented by IL-1 blockade. Although apoptosis is ordinarily considered noninflammatory, these data demonstrate that nonphagocytosed endothelial apoptotic bodies are inflammatory, providing a vehicle for IL-1α and, therefore, constitute a unique mechanism for sterile inflammation.
Evidence for the prostatic origin of immunoreactive inhibin‐like material in human seminal plasma (1984)

Inhibin is defined as a gonadal peptide exerting an inhibitory effect on the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary. Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure developed for a homogeneous inhibin-like peptide with a molecular weight of 14 000 daltons isolated from human seminal plasma, immunoreactive inhibin-like matrial (ILM) was quantitated in serum, urine and semen of men in order to investigate its origin. Vasectomy did not result in a significant reduction in seminal plasma ILM. Determination of ILM immunoreactivity in ejaculates form normal men and semen samples characterized by prostate-rich and prostate-deficient secretions, indicated high levels of ILM in the prostatic secretions. Immunoreactive ILM levels estimated in different fractions of split ejaculates from normal men paralleled those of zinc and acid phosphatase activity and were significantly higher in fractions representing prostatic secretions compared to those representing the secretions of seminal vesicles. Estimation of ILM in semen, serum and urine from bilaterally gonadectomized men showed that immunoreactive ILM levels remained high after gonadectomy. It is concluded that the bulk of the immunoreactive ILM present in the semen, blood and urine of men is not secreted by the testes. The principal site of origin of this material, at least in semen, appears to be the prostate.
Effect of Reaction Conditions on Crystal Structure of Graphite Fluoride (1976)

The effect has been studied of reaction conditions such as temperature, fluorine pressure and time on the crystal structure of graphite fluoride by differential thermal analysis (DTA) method and X-ray diffractmetry. The natural graphite from Madagascar ores ground to 200-250 mesh was used for the substrate of fluorination. The experiments have been carried out under fluorine pressure 100 to 400 mmHg at temperatures in the range 500-600°C. Since there was found a close correlation among β001, d100 and d001, the crystallinity of graphite fluoride was evaluated by d001 values.Since the result of DTA agreed well with that of X-ray diffractmetry, the thermal property of graphite fluoride could be correlated to its crystal structure. Until the sample was completely fluorinated, the crystallinity of graphite fluoride increased with increasing temperature and decreasing fluorine pressure. After the complete fluorination (C: F=1: 1), the crystallinity of graphite fluoride increased linearly with the logarithm of time, the slope of which was dependent on the temperature but not on fluorine pressure. The lattice strain of carbon layer accelerated the crystallization, which took longer time than that required for the formation of graphite fluoride.