gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FIXATION OF HEAVY METALS IN GEOPOLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON BROWN COAL FLY ASH (2006)

The alkali-activated brown coal fly ash - geopolymer - can be used as a matrix for the fixation of heavy metals. The addition of heavy metals does not result in any substantial extension of the setting time as this happens in the case of Portland cement. The materials prepared by the alkali activation of fly ashes exhibit measurable properties in contrast to some cement mixes containing heavy metals. In contrast to the Portland cement mixes, the strength values ofAAfly ashes containing metal admixtures (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ) do not drop in the time horizon of 180-520 days. The IR and NMR spectroscopy corroborate the penetration of aluminium ions into the original Si-O-Si structure (AlQ 4 (4Si), AlQ 2-3 (2-3Si) and Si(3Al) units). The salts of heavy metals are distributed uniformly within the geopolymer body. The leaching values characterizing the mixes containing salts of heavy metals are not the same for the individual investigated metals (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ) and they vary within the ranges of the 1 st -3 rd class of durability (as per regulations valid in the Czech Republic). The best results could be achieved for the zinc fixation when the solidification in Portland cement was practically impossible. The resistance ofAAfly ashes to leaching is influenced significantly by the presence of calcium ions in the geopolymer matrix.
Garbage collecting the Internet (1998)

Internet programming languages such as Java present new challenges to garbage-collection design. The spectrum of garbage-collection schema for linked structures distributed over a network are reviewed here. Distributed garbage collectors are classified first because they evolved from single-address-space collectors. This taxonomy is used as a framework to explore distribution issues: locality of action, communication overhead and indeterministic communication latency.
A 10-b 40-Msample/s BiCMOS A/D converter (1996)

A fully-differential, 10-b, 40-Msample/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has been developed and tested. The converter exhibits a signal-to-(noise+distortion) ratio (SNDR) of 57.1 dB and consumes <400 mW of power from a single 5 V supply. The converter can digitize not only a fully-differential but also a single-ended input signal over a wide input range with little variation in converter performance. In addition, a full-power bandwidth (FPBW) of >250 MHz is made possible with the open-loop sampling scheme.
New methods for motion estimation with applications to low complexity video compression (2005)

The goal in video compression is to remove the redundancy in a video sequence while preserving its fidelity. Motion estimation can significantly improve video coding efficiency by reducing temporal redundancy. In this thesis we focus on new methods for motion estimation with applications in low complexity video compression. In this thesis we study the performance of low complexity video coding. Theoretical rate-distortion performance is derived and evaluated for both low complexity video coding and conventional motion-compensated prediction (MCP) based video coding. Based on our analysis of sub-pixel and multi-reference motion search methods used to improve low complexity video coding efficiency, we propose a new refined side motion estimation method to better extract motion information at the video decoder. Motion side estimation methods in general assume a motion model in a video sequence and use computationally intensive motion search. In this thesis we propose a novel side information estimation method based on universal prediction. Our method does not assume an underlying motion model. Instead, it makes predictions based on its observation of the past video information. The experimental results show that this new method can significantly reduce the computational complexity while achieving comparable performance for many video sequences. Lossy image and video compression is often accompanied by annoying artifacts. In this thesis we present a transform domain Markov Random Field model to address the artifact reduction. We present two methods, which we denote as TD-MRF and TSD-MRF, based on this model. We show by objective and subjective comparisons that transform domain post processing methods can substantially reduce the computational complexity compared with conventional spatial domain method and still achieve significant artifact reduction.
Doxycycline Inhibits Vascular Leakage and Prevents the Development of Pulmonary Edema (2008)

Abstract : The Vascular Leak Syndrome induced by blast injuries, burns, asphyxiation, and other injuries lead to progressive pulmonary edema, as well as tissue and limb swelling that contribute to morbidity and mortality of soldiers on the battlefield. The main goal of our research is the development and validation of novel therapies to prevent and reverse vascular leak syndromes. Our findings indicate that doxycycline, a commonly used antibiotic, inhibits vascular leak in a spectrum of pathologies.
Neuropsychological Near Normality and Brain Structure Abnormality in Schizophrenia (2008)

Although both neuropsychologically impaired and neuropsychologically near normal patients have marked neuropathology in their gray matter, the relative absence of white matter pathology in the neuropsychologically near normal group suggests the possibility of differences in the disease process.
Culture-Independent Molecular Analysis of Microbial Constituents of the Healthy Human Outer Ear (2003)

Molecular-phylogenetic sequence analyses have provided a new perspective on microbial communities by allowing the detection and identification of constituent microorganisms in the absence of cultivation. In this study we used broad-specificity amplification of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes to survey organisms present in the human outer ear canal. Samples were obtained from 24 individuals, including members of three extended families, in order to survey the resident microbiota and to examine microbial population structures in individuals related by familial or household associations. To examine the stability of the microbial populations, one individual was sampled four times and another twice over a 14-month period. We found that a distinct set of microbial types was present in the majority of the subjects sampled. The two most prevalent rDNA sequence types that were identified in multiple individuals corresponded closely to those of Alloiococcus otitis and Corynebacterium otitidis, commonly thought to be associated exclusively with infections of the middle ear. Our results suggest, therefore, that the outer ear canal may serve as a reservoir for normally commensal microbes that can contribute to pathogenesis upon introduction into the middle ear. Alternatively, culture analyses of diseases of the middle ear may have been confounded by these contaminating commensal organisms.
Flagelliform or coronata glands of <i>Nephila clavipes</i> (1995)

The flagelliform or coronata glands of the orb-web spider, Nephila clavipes, have been studied and compared to other silk-producing glands from the organism. The glands, which produce silk for the double filament of the core thread in the sticky spiral, exhibit three distinct morphological areas: tail, sac, and duct. Electrophoretic separation of the solubilized contents of the glands yields an uppermost diffuse band of high molecular size, preceded by a stepladder of well-defined peptides, which have been shown to be products of discontinuous translation in three other sets of glands. The luminal contents do not migrate as a discrete and well-defined band as those of the other glands, but rather as a diffuse area, typical of glycosylated proteins. Fibroin synthesis is stimulated by the mechanical depletion of the organism's stored silks, as in other Nephila glands, judged by the increased intensity of the bands and also by the structural alterations seen in cross sections of the glands' tails.
Infrared Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles (2018)

The spurt in interest and development of Autonomous vehicles is a continuing boost to the growth of electronic devices in the automotive industry. The sensing, processing, activation, feedback and control functions done by the human brain have to be replaced with electronics. The task is proving to be exhilarating and daunting at the same time. The environment sensors – RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging), Camera and LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) are enjoying a lot attention with the need for increasingly greater range and resolution being demanded by the “eyes” and faster computation by the “brain”. Even though all three and more sensors (Ultrasonic / Stereo Camera / GPS / etc.) will be used together; this chapter will focus on challenges facing Camera and LIDAR. Anywhere from 2 – 8 cameras and 1 – 2 LIDAR are expected to be part of the sensor suite needed by Autonomous vehicles – which have to function equally well in day and night. Near infrared (800 – 1000nm) devices are currently emitters of choice in these sensors. Higher range, resolution and Field of view pose many challenges to overcome with new electronic device innovations before we realize the safety and other benefits of autonomous vehicles.
On User Privacy for Location-based Services (2007)

This thesis investigates user privacy concerns associated with\nthe use of location based services. We begin by introducing\nvarious privacy schemes relevant to the use of location based\nservices.\n\nWe introduce the notion of constraints, i.e. statements\nlimiting the use and dis tribution of Location Information\n(LI), i.e. data providing information regarding a subject's\nlocation. Constraints can be securely bound to LI, and are\ndesigned to reduce threats to privacy by controlling its\ndissemination and use. The various types of constraint which\nmay be required are also considered. The issues and risks with\nthe possible use of constraints are discussed, as are possible\nsolutions to these hazards.\n\nTo address some of the problems that have been identified with\nthe use of constraints, we introduce the notion of an LI\nPreference Authority (LIPA). A LIPA is a trusted party which\ncan examine LI constraints and make decisions about LI\ndistribution without revealing the constraints to the entity\nrequesting the LI. This is achieved by encrypting both the LI\nand the constraints with a LIPA encryption key, ensuring that\nthe LI is only revealed at the discretion of the LIPA. We\nfurther show how trusted computing can be used to enhance\nprivacy for LI. We focus on how the mechanisms in the Trusted\nComputing Group specifications can be used to enable the holder\nof LI to verify the trustworthiness of a remote host before\ntransferring the LI to that remote device. This provides\ngreater assurance to end users that their expressed preferences\nfor the handling of personal information will be respected.\n\nThe model for the control of LI described in this thesis has\nclose parallels to models controlling the dissemination and use\nof other personal information. In particular, Park and Sandhu\nhave developed a general access control model intended to\naddress issues such as Digital Rights Management, code\nauthorisation, and the control of personal data. We show how\nour model for LI control fits into this general access control\nmodel.\n\nWe present a generic service which allows a device to discover\nthe location of other devices in ad hoc networks. The\nadvantages of the service are discussed in several scenarios,\nwhere the reliance on an infrastructure such as GPS satellites\nor GSM cellular base stations is not needed. An outline of the\ntechnology which will be needed to realise the service is\ngiven, along with a look at the security issues which surround\nthe use of this location discovery service.\n\nFinally, we provide conclusions and suggestions for future\nwork.\n
A high sensitive and specific QDs FRET bioprobe for MNase (2008)

We used CdSe/ZnS quantum dots-ssDNA-fluorescent dye conjugates as bioprobes to detect micrococcal nuclease with high specificity and sensitivity, and further utilized the bioprobe to monitor the micrococcal nuclease activity in the culture medium of Staphylococcus aureus by fluorescence microscopy.
Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Metal-Containing Conducting Polymers: Caged Metal Centers for Interlayer Charge Transport (2010)

Metal-templated [2 + 3]-type cocondensation of a pi-extended boronic acid and nioxime furnished a series of cage molecules, which were electropolymerized to prepare metal-containing conducting polymers (MCPs). Despite sharing essentially isostructural organic scaffolds, these materials display metal-dependent electrochemical properties as evidenced by different redox windows observed for M = Co, Fe, Ru. Consecutive electropolymerization using two different monomers furnished bilayer MCPs having different metals in each layer. In addition to functioning as heavy atom markers in cross-sectional analysis by FIB and EDX, redox-active metal centers participate in voltage-dependent interlayer electron transport to give rise to cyclic voltammograms that are distinctively different from those of each layer alone or random copolymers. A simple electrochemical technique can thus be used as a straightforward diagnostic tool to investigate the structural ordering of electrically conductive layered materials.
Evidence that mobile lipids detected in rat brain glioma by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance correspond to lipid droplets. (1997)

Mobile lipids have been detected by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in animal and human tumors (cultured cells, biopsies, and in vivo), but their origin and subcellular location are still unclear. They have been associated with malignancy, metastatic ability, drug resistance, and necrosis. We wanted to determine whether these lipids are located within plasma membrane microdomains or in lipid droplets for a C6 cell-induced rat glioma. NMR-visible mobile lipids were found in all subcellular fractions isolated from the rat tumor, except in the cytosolic supernatants. Transmission electron microscopy showed that lipid droplets were present in all subcellular fractions containing NMR-visible lipids and in the necrotic and perinecrotic areas of the tumor. The mean diameter of droplets isolated by flotation in the subcellular fractionation protocol was 0.97 microm (n = 682; droplet profile diameter range between 0.2 and 5.0 microm). The apparent diffusion coefficient for these lipids (46 +/- 17 microm2 s(-1) measured in vivo by proton spectroscopy was four orders of magnitude higher than would be expected if mobile lipids were inside plasma membrane microdomains. The combined results demonstrated that mobile lipids detected in vivo by proton NMR in the C6 rat glioma are located in large lipid droplets, associated with the necrotic process.
A multi-player arcade video game platform with a wireless tangible user interface (2008)

A recent game development trend is natural user interfaces. This paper presents a motion-tracking platform, which provides natural interfaces for multi-player arcade video games. The platform is composed of acceleration sensors and transmitters/receivers of radio frequency and ultrasonic signals. The game players operate physical devices in the real world, and the positions and orientations of the devices are computed and represented in the virtual devices of the game world. The prototype proves that various off-the-shelf wireless sensor nodes can be integrated, resulting in a new type of natural interface for arcade video games.
Throughput optimization by pipeline alignment of a Self Synchronous FPGA (2009)

We report on the throughput optimization of a self synchronous FPGA (SSFPGA) using benchmark circuits. We find that using a dual pipeline architecture we are able to convert synchronous designs from verilog onto our SSFPGA, and by using pipeline alignment techniques to match pipeline depth we can perform at maximum throughput. We demonstrate 0 to 56.1 times throughput improvement with our pipeline alignment techniques. The pipeline alignment is carried out within the number of logic elements in the array and pipeline buffers in the switching matrix.
Effects of cyclic AMP and analogues on neurogenic transmission in the rat tail artery (1994)

1 The effects of two 8-substituted analogues of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were compared with those of forskolin and isoprenaline on [3H]-noradrenaline release and vasoconstriction induced by electrical field stimulation (24 pulses at 0.4 Hz, 200 mA, 0.3 ms duration) in the rat tail artery, in the absence and in the presence of protein kinase inhibitors. 2 8-Bromo-adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cyclic AMP, 10–300 μm), 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine 3′:5′ cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cycic AMP, 3–300 μm), forskolin (0.3–10 μm) and isoprenaline (1 nm–1 μm) all concentration-dependently enhanced stimulation-induced [3H]-noradrenaline release. The effect of cyclic AMP analogues was larger (2.5 fold at 300 μm) than those of cyclic AMP elevating drugs (1.6 fold at 10 μm for forskolin and 1.5 fold at 30 nm for isoprenaline). 3 At concentrations active at the prejunctional level, the four drugs had differential effects on stimulation-induced vasoconstriction, which was enhanced by the two cyclic AMP analogues, decreased by forskolin and not significantly altered by isoprenaline. 4 The [3H]-noradrenaline release-enhancing effects of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, forskolin and isoprenaline were significantly decreased by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor {N-[2-((3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl)-amino)-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide, di-hydrochloride} (H-89; 100 nm). By contrast they were unaffected by the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, 8-bromo-guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-bromo-cyclic GMPS; 10 μm). At the same concentrations the PKA inhibitor attenuated only the nerve-induced vasoconstrictor responses obtained in the presence of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, whereas the PKG inhibitor did not modify that obtained in the presence of 8-bromo-cycic AMP or forskolin. 5 Exposure to the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1 μm) enhanced nerve-evoked [3H]-noradrenaline release, and this effect was decreased by the PKC inhibitor, 2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-indol-3-yl]-3-(-indol-3-yl)-maleimide (GF 109203X; 100 nm). However, the latter drug did not modify the enhancing effect of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP on [3H]-noradrenaline release. 6 It is concluded that activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is involved in the enhancing effect of cyclic AMP-elevating compounds on prejunctional release of noradrenaline. In addition the results provide no clear-cut evidence for a vasodilator role of PKA.
Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, blocks calcium changes, gene expression, and cell death induced by gibberellin in wheat aleurone cells. (1996)

The cereal aleurone functions during germination by secreting hydrolases, mainly alpha-amylase, into the starchy endosperm. Multiple signal transduction pathways exist in cereal aleurone cells that enable them to modulate hydrolase production in response to both hormonal and environmental stimuli. Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes hydrolase production, whereas abscisic acid (ABA), hypoxia, and osmotic stress reduce amylase production. In an effort to identify the components of transduction pathways in aleurone cells, we have investigated the effect of okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on stimulus-response coupling for GA, ABA, and hypoxia. We found that OA (100 nM) completely inhibited all the GA responses that we measured, from rapid changes in cytosolic Ca2+ through changes in gene expression and accelerated cell death. OA (100 nM) partially inhibited ABA responses, as measured by changes in the level of PHAV1, a cDNA for an ABA-induced mRNA in barley. In contrast, OA had no effect on the response to hypoxia, as measured by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and by changes in enzyme activity and RNA levels of alcohol dehydrogenase. Our data indicate that OA-sensitive protein phosphatases act early in the transduction pathway of GA but are not involved in the response to hypoxia. These data provide a basis for a model of multiple transduction pathways in which the level of cytosolic Ca2+ is a key point of convergence controlling changes in stimulus-response coupling.
Azimuthal AVO analysis: Stabilizing the model parameters (2011)

AVO is an important tool in the interpretation of seismic data. Azimuthal AVO models (AVAZ) have been used to characterize fracture distributions and directions in HTI (Horizontal Transverse Isotropy) media. The main subject of this paper is a method for the stabilization of AVAZ parameters. We present an extension of the technique of Whitcombe, Dyce, McKenzie and Hoeber (2004) for gradient stabilization in the standard 2‐term AVO model given by the Shuey equation to the case of Ruger and Tsvankin's (1997) azimuthal AVO analysis. We also investigate the estimated errors in the AVAZ model parameters with varying HTI isotropy plane direction for a selection of offset‐azimuth distributions, including azimuthal sectors and Common Offset Vector (COV) classes. The application of the technique to WAZ land data from Algeria illustrates the use of the techniques.
Bis(4-acetoxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyltryptammonium) fumarate: a new crystalline form of psilacetin, an alternative to psilocybin as a psilocin prodrug (2019)

The title compound (systematic name: bis-{2-[4-(acet-yloxy)-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl]ethan-1-aminium} but-2-enedioate), 2C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>19</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup>, has a single protonated psilacetin cation and one half of a fumarate dianion in the asymmetric unit. There are N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the ammonium H atoms and the fumarate O atoms, as well as N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the indole H atoms and the fumarate O atoms. The hydrogen bonds hold the ions together in infinite one-dimensional chains along [111].
Biologic properties of a C<sub>h</sub>2 domain‐deleted recombinant immunoglobulin (1993)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 reacts with TAG-72, a high-molecular-weight mucin expressed on several types of human carcinoma, and is currently being used in clinical trials for the diagnosis and therapy of human carcinoma. An expression construct containing cDNA encoding an immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain, with the variable region of murine MAb B72.3 and a human Ig constant region with a deletion of the CH2 domain, was generated. Immunoglobulin from the transfectoma with the highest expression of the TAG-72 immunoreactive antibody was designated MAb chimeric (c) B72.3 delta CH2. The pharmacokinetics of serum clearance of iodine-labeled MAbs cB72.3 delta CH2 and the intact cB72.3 were compared in athymic mice. By 24 hr, less than 1% of the cB72.3 delta CH2 was left in the plasma, while 36% of the cB72.3 still remained. The T1/2 alpha values of the cB72.3 delta CH2 and cB72.3 MAbs were 1.7 and 2.4 hr, respectively. The T1/2 beta values were 7.8 hr for the domain-deleted cMAb and 48.9 hr for cB72.3. Biodistribution studies in athymic mice bearing LS-174T xenografts showed a reduction in the percentage of injected dose per gram in tumor with 131I-cB72.3 delta CH2; however, the 131I-cB72.3 delta CH2 both localized to tumors faster and cleared from the blood faster than the 125I-cB72.3 MAb. Only trace amounts of the 131I-cB72.3 delta CH2 were detected in normal tissues, including kidney. The faster clearance rate, more rapid tumor targeting and lack of metabolic uptake in normal tissues demonstrated with the iodine-labeled CH2 domain-deleted cMAb may be an advantage for certain clinical protocols.
Solvent-free route to ionic liquid precursors using a water-moderated microwave process (2002)

Water moderation has been used for solvent-free microwave assisted reactions which generate over-heating. The method is demonstrated by the large scale preparation of ionic liquid precursors.