gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice by Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitor: Modulation of the Immunological Synapse Formation (2007)

The aim of this work was to design and utilize a bifunctional peptide inhibitor called glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor to suppress the progression of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. The hypothesis is that glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor binds simultaneously to major histocompatibility complex-II and intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 on antigen-presenting cell and inhibits the immunological synapse formation during T-cell-antigen-presenting cell interactions. Glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor was composed of a major epitope of the type 1 diabetes-associated antigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 kDa, covalently linked to a peptide derived from CD11a of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. The suppression of insulitis and type 1 diabetes was evaluated using non-obese diabetic and non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor had the capacity to suppress invasive insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. CD4+ T-cells isolated from glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor treated mice also suppressed insulitis and hyperglycemia when transferred with diabetogenic non-obese diabetic spleen cells into non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency recipients. As predicted, the glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor cross-linked a significant fraction of major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules to intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 molecules on the surface of live antigen-presenting cell. Intravenous injection of the glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor elicited interleukin-4-producing T-cells in non-obese diabetic mice primed against the glutamic acid decarboxylase-epitope peptide. Together, the results indicate that glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor induces interleukin-4-producing regulatory cells but does not expand the glutamic acid decarboxylase-specific Th2 population. Given that Th2 effector cells can cause pathology, the glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor may represent a novel mechanism to induce interleukin-4 without Th2-associated pathology.
Optimizing Mouse Surgery with Online Rectal Temperature Monitoring and Preoperative Heat Supply. Effects on Post-Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (2016)

Body temperature affects outcomes of tissue injury. We hypothesized that online body core temperature recording and selective interventions help to standardize peri-interventional temperature control and the reliability of outcomes in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We recorded core temperature in up to seven mice in parallel using a Thermes USB recorder and ret-3-iso rectal probes with three different protocols. Setup A: Heating pad during ischemia time; Setup B: Heating pad from incision to wound closure; Setup C: A ventilated heating chamber before surgery and during ischemia time with surgeries performed on a heating pad. Temperature profile recording displayed significant declines upon installing anesthesia. The profile of the baseline experimental setup A revealed that <1% of the temperature readings were within the target range of 36.5 to 38.5°C. Setup B and C increased the target range readings to 34.6 ± 28.0% and 99.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. Setup C significantly increased S3 tubular necrosis, neutrophil influx, and mRNA expression of kidney injury markers. In addition, using setup C different ischemia times generated a linear correlation with acute tubular necrosis parameters at a low variability, which further correlated with the degree of kidney atrophy 5 weeks after surgery. Changing temperature control setup A to C was equivalent to 10 minutes more ischemia time. We conclude that body temperature drops quickly in mice upon initiating anesthesia. Immediate heat supply, e.g. in a ventilated heating chamber, and online core temperature monitoring can help to standardize and optimize experimental outcomes.
Reduction of Co–Cr–Pt media noise by addition of Ti to Cr underlayer (1996)

Effects of Ti addition to a Cr underlayer on the magnetic and crystallographic properties of Co–Cr–Pt media were investigated. C/Co–Cr20–Pt (Pt: 8 and 12 at. %)/Cr–Ti (Ti: 0–30 at. %) films were deposited on textured Ni–P/Al–Mg substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. In-plane Hc and S* increased as Ti was added to the Cr underlayer. The media noise at 167 kFCI decreased with an increase of the Ti content from 0 to 20 at. %. The normalized media noise of Co72Cr20Pt8/Cr75Ti25 media was 20% lower than that of Co68Cr20Pt12/Cr90Ti10 media where their coercivity and S* were almost the same. Further increase of the Ti caused the increase of the media noise. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that average grain size of Cr–Ti films decreased from 30 to 20 nm with the increase of the Ti content from 0 to 20 at. %. The activation volume of Co68Cr20Pt12 films measured from the time dependences of remanence coercivity decreased by 30% as the Ti content increased from 0 to 20 at. %. The reduction of media noise is probably due to the decrease of the magnetic switching volume which is caused by the reduction of the grain size of Cr–Ti underlayers.
Efficacy of stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery disease in 297 patients (2006)

As new PCI strategies and intervention devices such as DES are developed, coronary stenting, which might have brought better in-hospital and long-term outcomes than CABG, are proved to be technically successful and can be safely applied for the treatment of LMCA lesions in the experienced center for coronary intervention.
What is worth learning from parallel workloads? (2005)

Learning useful and predictable features from past workloads and exploiting them well is a major source of improvement in many operating system problems. We review known parallel workload features, and argue that the correct approach for future on-line algorithm design as well as workload modeling is user- and session-based modeling, instead of analyzing jobs directly as done today. We then provide statistically sound answers to two basic questions: Which user and session features are central enough to be potentially useful, answered using Principal Component Analysis, and which user and session classes exist and how they can be identified on-line, answered using K-means clustering. We identify variable sets that explain over 80% of the variance between sessions and between users, and also identify five stable session classes (clusters) and four stable user classes. Our analysis is based on logs from seven different parallel supercomputers, spanning over 87 months, which are analyzed together to ensure that results are location- and architecture-neutral.
Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (2005)

Fusarium head blight epidemics of wheat and barley cause heavy economic losses to farmers due to yield decreases and production of mycotoxin that renders the grain useless for flour and malt products. No highly resistant cultivars are available at present. Hyphae of germinating fungal spores use different paths of infection: After germination at the extruded tip of an ovary, the hyphae travel along the epicarp in the space between the lemma and palea. Infection of the developing kernel proceeds through the epicarp, successively destroying the layers of the fruit coat and finally the starch and protein accumulating endosperm. Hyphae reaching the rachis proceed to apically located developing kernels. Using a constitutively green fluorescence protein-expressing Fusarium wild-type strain, and its knockout mutant, preventing trichothecene synthesis, we demonstrate that trichothecenes are not a virulence factor during infection through the fruit coat. In the absence of trichothecenes, the fungus is blocked by the development of heavy cell wall thickenings in the rachis node of Nandu wheat, a defense inhibited by the mycotoxin. In barley hyphae of both wild-type and the trichothecene knockout mutant, are inhibited at the rachis node and rachilla, limiting infection of adjacent florets through the phloem and along the surface of the rachis. Effective resistance to Fusarium head blight requires expression of genes that combat these different pathways of infection.
Needle-Electrode-Based Electromechanical Reshaping of Rabbit Septal Cartilage: A Systematic Evaluation (2011)

Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) provides a means of producing shape change in cartilage by initiating oxidation-reduction reactions in mechanically deformed specimens. This study evaluates the effect of voltage and application time on specimen shape change using needle electrodes. Rabbit septal cartilage specimens (20 x 8 x 1 mm, n = 200) were bent 90 degrees in a precision-machined plastic jig. Optimal electrode placement and the range of applied voltages were estimated using numerical modeling of the initial electric field within the cartilage sample. A geometric configuration of three platinum needle electrodes 2 mm apart from each other and inserted 6 mm from the bend axis on opposite ends was selected. One row of electrodes served as the anode and the other as the cathode. Constant voltage was applied at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 V for 1, 2, and 4 minutes, followed by rehydration in phosphate buffered saline. Samples were then removed from the jig and bend angle was measured. In accordance with previous studies, bend angle increased with increasing voltage and application time. Below a voltage threshold of 4 V, 4 minutes, no clinically significant reshaping was observed. The maximum bend angle obtained was 35.7 ± 1.7 º at 8 V, 4 minutes.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the first trinuclear chloride-bridged platinum(<scp>II</scp>) complex with mutually perpendicular co-ordination planes: cyclo-tri-µ,-chloro-tris[chloro(1-hydroxy-1-imino-2,2-dimethylpropane)platinum(<scp>II</scp>)]-dichloromethane (0.5/1) (1994)

The first trinuclear chloride-bridged platinum(II) compound has been obtained by disproportionation of cis-[{PtCl2[HNC(OH)C(CH3)3]2}2]1. Two compounds result from the disproportionation, which contain one and three amide molecules per platinum atom (compounds 2 and 3 respectively). Compound 2, which crystallizes from dichloromethane as orange hexagonal prisms, contains discrete molecules of [{PtCl2[HNC(OH)C(CH3)3]}3]. The co-ordination geometry of each metal centre is square planar; two cis positions are occupied by bridging chloride ions, and a terminal chloride and the nitrogen atom of an amide ligand (iminol form) complete the co-ordination sphere. The co-ordination planes of the three platinum atoms are mutually perpendicular with a dihedral angle of 99.2(2)°. The structure is strongly related to that of the β form of PtCl2(Pt6Cl12 molecules). Compound 2 incorporates exactly one half of the Pt6Cl12 cube and saturates the vacant co-ordination sites, made available by splitting of the bridges across the two halves of the cube, with amide ligands. The complex, as a whole, assumes a calyx-type shape and two molecules of complex take up one molecule of solvent (CH2Cl2).
Detection and Characterization of Two Major Ethylated Deoxyguanosine Adducts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, and <sup>32</sup>P-Postlabeling. Development of an Approach for Detection of Phosphotriesters (1997)

Postlabeling can be one of the most sensitive methods for the measurement of DNA adducts. However, for the determination of alkylated adducts, essential requirements are standards which must be fully chemically characterized. In order to develop a postlabeling assay for monitoring exposure to genotoxic ethylating agents, the reaction of diethyl sulfate with 2'-deoxynucleoside 3'- and 5'-monophosphates was examined. The adducts generated were fully characterized using HPLC, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, UV, and postlabeling. The major product was the phosphodiester derived from alkylation of the phosphate, and alkylation of the base occurred to a lesser extent. The phosphodiester standard, 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-(mono-O-ethyl phosphate) (3'Et-pdG), was used to develop a postlabeling assay for the detection of this adduct in DNA samples. Since alkylated phosphodiesters in DNA are not susceptible to the actions of micrococcal nuclease and calf spleen phosphodiesterase, they can be obtained as alkylated phosphodiester dinucleosides from DNA. Nuclease P1 was used as enhancement step which allowed the separation of these adducted phosphotriesters from the unmodified nucleotides by HPLC. Subsequent hydrolysis of the phosphotriester dinucleosides in alkali yielded phosphodiesters, including 3'Et-pdG, which was efficiently postlabeled. This approach was shown to be capable of detecting this adduct in liver DNA from mice treated intraperitoneally with N-nitrosodiethylamine.
Hole injection oxide breakdown model for very low voltage lifetime extrapolation (1993)

An anode hole injection model for silicon dioxide breakdown characterization is presented. The model is valid for a large thickness range between 2.5 nm and at least 13 nm, which provides a method for predicting dielectric lifetime for reduced power supply voltages and aggressively scaled oxide thicknesses. The model extrapolation predicts Q/sub BD/ and t/sub BD/ behavior including a fluence in excess of 10/sup 7/ C/cm/sup 2/ at V/sub ox/=2.4 V for a 2.5-nm oxide. Moreover, it is fully complementary with the well-known thick oxide 1/E model, while offering the ability to predict oxide reliability for low voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effective Immunity to Dental Caries: Protection of Gnotobiotic Rats by Local, Immunization with a Ribosomal Preparation from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1983)

A ribosomal preparation from Streptococcus mutans 6715 was characterized for its ability to induce an immune response in gnotobiotic rats which was protective against S. mutans-induced dental caries. Animals injected in the salivary gland region with the S. mutans ribosomal vaccine developed significantly higher (P less than 0.01) salivary IgA and serum IgG antibody activities against whole S. mutans cells and ribosomal preparations than nonimmunized rats. Vaccinated animals had significantly lower (67%; P less than 0.01) levels of S. mutans adherent to their molar surfaces than the control rats after infection with the homologous, cariogenic S. mutans. The immunized animals had significantly fewer (P less than 0.01) carious lesions on their buccal, sulcal, and proximal molar surfaces than the nonimmunized rats following challenge with the virulent organism. Animals injected with the ribosomal preparation developed salivary IgA and IgG antibodies with specificities to various cell surface-associated antigens such as lipoteichoic acid and glucosyltransferase, suggesting that the observed protection may be due to antibodies against cell surface contaminants of the ribosomal vaccine. These results are the first demonstration that a ribosomal preparation from S. mutans protected rats from caries formation after challenge with the homologous, virulent S. mutans.
Isolation of Vacuoles from Root Storage Tissue of <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. (1976)

Morphologically intact and osmotically active vacuoles were isolated from root storage tissue of the red beet Beta vulgaris L., and the factors influencing both yield and stability of the vacuoles were determined. Successful isolation depended upon slicing the tissue in an apparatus specifically designed to cut open plant cells without the use of high shear forces and to liberate cellular organelles into an undisturbed reservoir of osmoticum. The resulting brei was centrifuged at 2,000g for 10 min to yield a pellet which contained many vacuoles but which also contained tissue fragments, nuclei, mitochondria, and plastids. The vacuoles were further purified by accelerated flotation through a Metrizamide step gradient. Biochemical assays, light microscopy, and electron microscopy confirmed that there was only trace contamination of the final vacuole preparation by other organelles. Isolated vacuoles were intact and retained their in vivo coloration.
New Neutral and Cationic Dialkylaluminium Complexes Bearing Imino-Amide or Imino-Phenoxide Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity With Olefins (2002)

The synthesis and the characterization of some new aluminium complexes carrying bidentate monoanionic imino-amide or imino-phenoxide ligands are described. Reaction of 1-(o,o′-diisopropylphenylamino)-6-(o,o′-diisopropylphenylimino)cyclohexene with AlMe3 proceeded by methane elimination to produce the yellow compound dimethylaluminium N-(o,o′-diisopropylphenyl)-6-[N-(o,o′-diisopropylphenyl)imido]-1-cyclohexen-1-amide (1). In contrast, reaction of the same ligand with AlEt3 under the same experimental conditions involved the 1,4-addition of AlEt3 to the α,β-unsaturated imine, and led to the highly crystalline diethylaluminium N(o,o′-diisopropylphenyl)-2-[(o,o′-diisopropylphenyl)amino]3-ethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-amide (2). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermolysis of 2 gave rise to ethane elimination, and led to the oily bis(amido) monoethyl derivative. Treatment of the salicylaldimine ligands 3-tBu-2-(OH)C6H3CH=N−R with AlMe3 yielded the dimethylaluminium compounds {3-tBu-2-(O)C6H3CH=N−R}AlMe2 [R = C6H5 (3); 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (4); and C6F5 (5)]. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 underwent methyl abstraction reactions with B(C6F5)3; trapping of the cationic species was accomplished in the presence of THF in dichloromethane solution. Preliminary polymerization tests were carried out for the synthesized Al complexes. Toluene solutions of 3, 4, and 5, when activated with 1 equiv. of B(C6F5)3, polymerised ethylene (1 atm) to solid polyethylene with low activity.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of albuterol in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (2001)

Although albuterol did not improve global strength or function in patients with FSHD, it did increase muscle mass and improve some measures of strength.
First Total H<sup>+</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup> Ion Exchange in Garnet-Type Li<sub>5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Using Organic Acids and Studies on the Effect of Li Stuffing (2012)

Garnet-type Li(5+x)Ba(x)La(3-x)Nb(2)O(12) (x = 0, 0.5, 1) was prepared using a ceramic method, and H(+)/Li(+) ion exchange was performed at room temperature using organic acids, such as CH(3)COOH and C(6)H(5)COOH, as proton sources. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that H(+)/Li(+) ion exchange was nearly (100%) completed using the x = 0 member with CH(3)COOH, while it proceeded to about 40% for x = 0.5 and 13% for x = 1. In C(6)H(5)COOH, proton exchange proceeded to about 82% for x = 0, ∼40% for x = 0.5, and ∼25% for x = 1. Similar proton-exchange trends were reported in H(2)O, where ion exchange occurs more readily for garnets with lower Li content in Li(5+x)Ba(x)La(3-x)Nb(2)O(12), that is, when excess Li ions preferentially reside in the tetrahedral sites of the garnet structure.
Synthesis and properties of biodegradable copolymers based on polyether oligomers and fatty diacids (1997)

Polyether oligomers (Mn = 200–2000) were respectively esterified by succinic anhydride and fatty sebacoyl chloride to synthesize corresponding intermediate diacids, and experimental results of melt polycondensations based on these two kinds of intermediates were compared. The reasons for affecting higher molecular weight products to be achieved in polymerization with prepolymers based on succinic anhydride esterification were theoretically analyzed. Light scattering measurements showed that copolyanhydrides with higher molecular weights exceeding 8 × 104 (weight-average) were synthesized from the intermediate diacids prepared by a new method using fatty diacid chlorides to undergo esterification with polyether. Synthesized intermediates were characterized by 1H-NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Intrinsic viscosity of the polymers were measured to display the advancement of polymerization. The properties of polymers were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis as well. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1891–1898, 1997
Bispecific antibody-mediated target cell-specific costimulation of resting T cells via CD5 and CD28. (1995)

Induction of T-cell activation requires multiple signals provided by cell surface receptor interactions and/or cytokines. T-cell stimulation via the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex provides an important initial activation event which, when combined with the proper costimulatory signals, results in an activated effector T cell. In this report, we have investigated the effectiveness of epithelial glycoprotein-2- (EGP-2) positive tumor target cells to induce specific T-cell stimulation via CD3, CD5, and CD28 using various combinations of bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsMab) directed against CD3, CD5, or CD28 on the one hand and the pancarcinoma-associated antigen EGP-2 on the other. Induction of T-cell activation was investigated by assessment of CD69 expression, induction of proliferation, and acquirement of cytolytic potential. EGP-2-specific induction of T-cell activation was observed using combinations of BsMab which simultaneous ligated CD3/CD5, CD3/CD28, or CD3/CD5/CD28 with EGP-2. Activation with CD3-, CD5-, or CD28-based BsMab alone did not result in significant induction of T-cell activation in the presence or absence of EGP-2-positive target cells. Simultaneous ligation via CD5/CD28 resulted in partial T-cell activation, including CD69 up-regulation and increased cytolytic activity. Stimulation via CD3 and CD5 or CD28 could be further increased by the addition of exogenously added recombinant Interleukin 2. In contrast, T-cell activation by simultaneous ligation of CD3/CD5/CD28 could not be further augmented by addition of exogenous interleukin 2, indicating that T-cell activation via the combination of CD3, CD5, and CD28 results in complete T-cell activation. Our results show that rapid and target cell-specific induction of T cells is possible using combinations of BsMab directed against different costimulatory molecules. Simultaneous costimulation via CD3/CD5/CD28 results in the most complete activation of T cells.
Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Polyurethane from 2‐Methylaziridine and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2004)

Under pressure: Temperature-dependent optical transmission in aqueous solution is exhibited by polyurethanes that are obtained by copolymerization of 2-methylaziridine and supercritical CO2 (scCO2; see scheme). The transmittance drops sharply at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The molecular weight, content of urethane linkages, and LCST value of the polyurethanes are controllable simply by changing the CO2 pressure.
Transplantation of CX3CL1-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provides Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects in a Rat Model of Retinal Degeneration (2013)

CX3CL1-MSCs subretinal transplantation may enhance protective effect against light-induced retinal degeneration.
Variable focus spectacles. (1978)

Illustration shows a deer hunter labeled "Wickersham" holding a rifle labeled "Sherman Law"; a deer labeled "Restraint of Trade" runs off into the woods while a man labeled "Legitimate Business" holds his leg where Wickersham shot him.