gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Transfer to Neurons Using Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Vectors (1996)

One important outgrowth of molecular medicine is the development of technologies for the transfer of therapeutic genes to cells in culture and tissues in vivo, which promises to revolutionize both experimental biomedical science and the clinical practice of medicine. Fundamental obstacles must still be overcome to create safe and efficient gene delivery vectors specifically designed for individual tissue types, and special strategies will be required for direct in vivo gene transfer to neurons because these cells are postmitotic and cannot be removed for transduction. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic virus that naturally establishes a latent state in neurons, has many unique features that make it suitable as a gene transfer vector for the nervous system. In this review we describe the molecular biology of HSV-1, strategies for reducing potential pathogenesis of the recombinant vector, and methods for expressing transgenes from the vector genome. Gene transfer experiments using recombinant HSV-1-based vectors and defective HSV-1 vectors (amplicons) for gene transfer are also described and evaluated in terms of efficiency and safety.
Metallo-Supramolecular Diethylene Glycol: Water-Soluble Reversible Polymers (2002)

Bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyrid-4′-yl) diethylene glycol was synthesized as a monomer unit and further utilized for polymerization with FeCl2 in order to form water-soluble coordination polymers. Viscosity measurements and film-forming properties indicate the formation of linear coordination polymers or larger ring structures. The terpyridine/iron(II) complexes are stable up to temperatures of 210 °C, but can be uncomplexed by the addition of an excess of a strong competitive ligand (HEDTA) under mild conditions.
Electronic signature based on digital signature and digital watermarking (2012)

In this paper, an electronic signature algorithm, using a combined technology of digital signature, digital watermarking and time stamp, is presented. In this algorithm timestamp information is added to digital signature data, improving the signature safety and anti- offensive. A digital watermark embedding algorithm based on wavelets transform module maximum is designed. Using this algorithm the signature information can be embedded into the signature image as a watermark, enhancing the signature information hidden. The experiment shows that the algorithm can meet very well the requirements of contract signature in e-commerce transactions. This algorithm not only implements authentication, but also ensures the integrity and non-tampering of the contract.
HIV-Leishmania co-infections in Italy. Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania causing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV patients (1992)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are dramatically increasing in Mediterranean countries such as Spain, France and Italy. A study has been carried out to characterize biochemically the agents of typical or unusual VL in subjects with HIV infection and to compare results with those obtained so far from VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infections in HIV negative subjects. Twelve Leishmania stocks were isolated from 8 HIV patients and typed through the electrophoretic analysis of 14 isoenzymes. All the stocks were identified as L. infantum s.l. According to zymodeme classification, the results can be summarized as follows: (i) only half of the subjects were infected with the expected commonest viscerotropic zymodeme in the Mediterranean area, MON 1; (ii) 2 patients were infected with the most widespread agent of CL in Italy, L. infantum MON 24; (iii) one subject was found infected with a zymodeme (MON 78) which, so far, has been found only in Malta as an agent of CL; (iv) one subject was infected with a new zymodeme, MON 136, which shares biochemical characteristics with 2 dermotropic L. infantum zymodemes, MON 78 and MON 111. Thus, half of the HIV patients surveyed displayed severe visceralization of parasites usually showing low virulence in HIV negative subjects.
Expression of the Id Family Helix-Loop-Helix Regulators During Growth and Development in the Hematopoietic System (1997)

To better understand the molecular mechanism(s) by which growth and differentiation of the primitive hematopoietic stem cell is initiated, as well as the means by which the maturing cell can commit to development along a specific cell lineage, we elected to study the Id family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulators. Some members of the HLH family are expressed in a stage-specific manner during hematopoietic development and can regulate the ability of immature hematopoietic cells to terminally differentiate. None of the four Id family genes were detected in the most primitive progenitors. Id-1 was widely expressed in proliferating bi- and unipotential progenitors, but its expression was downregulated in cells of increasing maturity; conversely, Id-2 and, to a limited extent, Id-3 gene expression increased as cells matured and lost proliferative capacity. Id-2 expression ran counter to that of Id-1 not only during maturation, but during periods of cell growth and arrest as well. This is quite distinct from the nonhematopoietic tissues, in which these two factors are coordinately expressed and suggests that Id-1 and Id-2 might be regulating very different events during hematopoiesis than they regulate in other cell types.
Pyroelectric properties of real LiNbO3 single crystals grown from a congruent melt (2008)

The temperature dependences of the pyroelectric coefficient of lithium niobate single crystals grown from a congruent melt have been investigated in the range of 4.2–300 K. No anomalies were found at low temperatures, and the experimental dependence is described well by the Debye-Einstein model, with T D = 357 K and two pyroactive frequencies of 692 and 869 cm−1. Specific features of lithium niobate have been analyzed. Two sublattices, formed by two pairs of mesotetrahedra with (according to the symmetry conditions) dipole and octupole moments, were selected in the structure. Their contributions to the total polarization differ by an order of magnitude. Vacuum annealing of the samples leads to the occurrence of anomalies only at temperatures over 280 K; these anomalities are interpreted as a manifestation of superionic conductivity.
Viewing zones in autostereoscopic imaging systems based on lenticular, parallax barrier and IP plates (2003)

In autostereoscopic imaging systems using lenticular, parallax barrier and integral photography plates as the viewing zone forming optics, the quality of the perceived image is different for different part of the viewing zone because of different view image mixing. The image quality is quantified by the number of different view images viewed simultaneously along the viewing axis. The image quality decreases as the viewing distance increases.
Studies on Flavor of Roasted Starch (1970)

The samples of starch were studied by thermal analysis. The thermal analysis showed that the changes were observed at 160°C and remarkably at 220°C. The roast flavor was also appeared at 160°C by olfactory analysis at exhaust pipe of thermal-analyser.The flavor components of roasted starch were trapped and fractionated into sodium bicarbonate soluble fraction, sodium hydroxide soluble fraction and neutral fraction. Each fraction possessed characteristic flavors and among those, the sodium hydroxide fraction possessed fragrant odor.The carbonyl compounds of roasted starch were converted to 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, which were fractionated into neutral 2, 4-DNPHs and acidic 2, 4-DNPHs. Neutral 2, 4-DNPHs and acidic 2, 4-DNPHs were successively subjected to direct gas chromatography and also thin-layer chromatography. The following nine carbonyl compounds and four oxo-fatty acids were identified; methanal, ethanal, propanone, 2-methylpropanal, butanone, 3-petanone, furfural, acetylfuran, 5-methylfurfural; glyoxylic acid, pyruvic acid, α-ketobutyric acid and levulinic acid.2, 4-DNPHs of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was also isolated and identified, and further bis-2, 4DNPHs of glyoxal, pyruvaldehyde and diacetyl were detected by thin-layer chromatography.These carbonyl compounds have chraracteristic flavor, which are supposed to be concerned with the flavor of roasted starch.
A Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Structure with the Collector-Short Region for Improved Latch-Up Performance (1996)

This letter describes the collector-short technique for improving latch-up performance without an increase in the on-state voltage for the lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT). The concept of our proposed technique is to prevent the injection of the minority carrier, which induces the latch-up, at the sharp corner of the emitter region, where the minority carrier concentrates. This can be done by replacing the p + -collector layer at the sharp corner of the emitter region with the n + -collector-short layer. Experimental results show that the latch-up current of the LIGBT with the collector-short region is 1.5 times higher than that of the LIGBT without the collector-short region, while there is no difference in the on-state voltage of the LIGBTs.
Concurrency in object oriented language Actel (2002)

This paper presents features of an object based concurrent language called Actel. In particular, it introduces the mechanisms of inter and intra-object concurrency and synchronisation. Inter object concurrency is achieved with conventional message passing (value and priority) and also with a new mode of message passing called the semi-reference. Intra-object concurrency may be achieved with parallel functions, parallel compound statements, simultaneous compound statement, and multiple methods invocation. Synchronisation may be achieved with simple, multiple, or overloaded future variables. An example illustrates various Actel features.
Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation: A Literature Review of Basic Studies (2017)

Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an alternative and complementary strategy for stroke treatment and for improving stroke care. Clinical trial and meta-analysis findings have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in improving balance function, reducing spasticity, and increasing muscle strength and general well-being post-stroke. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of acupuncture in stroke rehabilitation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review, summarize the current known mechanisms in ischemic stroke rehabilitation through acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) therapy, and to detail the frequently used acupoints implicated in these effects. The evidence in this review indicates that five major different mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of acupuncture/EA on ischemic stroke rehabilitation: (1) Promotion of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the central nervous system (CNS); (2) Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ischemic area; (3) Anti-apoptosis in the ischemic area; (4) Regulation of neurochemicals; and, (5) Improvement of impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory after stroke. The most frequently used acupoints in basic studies include Baihui (GV20), Zusanli (ST36), Quchi (LI11), Shuigou (GV26), Dazhui (GV14), and Hegu (LI4). Our findings show that acupuncture exerts a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke through modulation of different mechanisms originating in the CNS.
<scp>WONOEP</scp> appraisal: Optogenetic tools to suppress seizures and explore the mechanisms of epileptogenesis (2014)

Optogenetics is a novel technology that combines optics and genetics by optical control of microbial opsins, targeted to living cell membranes. The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization. Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures. The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes. The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks. Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation. This review outlines the most recent advances achieved with optogenetic techniques in the field of epilepsy by summarizing the presentations contributed to the 13th ILAE WONOEP meeting held in the Laurentian Mountains, Quebec, in June 2013.
The Free Radical Addition of Phosphines to Unsaturated Compounds (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Free Radical Addition of Phosphines to Unsaturated CompoundsM. M. RAUHUT, HELEN A. CURRIER, A. M. SEMSEL, and V. P. WYSTRACHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 5138–5145Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01070a087https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1200Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Primary structure of four allatostatins: neuropeptide inhibitors of juvenile hormone synthesis. (1989)

Four neuropeptides that inhibit juvenile hormone synthesis by the corpora allata have been isolated from brains of the virgin female cockroach Diploptera punctata. These allatostatins are 8-13 amino acids long, are amidated, and show sequence similarity, including a 3-amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end that is common to all four peptides. The peptide sequences are as follows: allatostatin 1, Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gln-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2; allatostatin 2, Gly-Asp-Gly-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2; allatostatin 3, Gly-Gly-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2; and allatostatin 4, Asp-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2. An in vitro bioassay of the synthesized allatostatins showed greater than 40% inhibition of juvenile hormone synthesis by corpora allata of virgin females with 10(-9) M allatostatin 1, 10(-8) M allatostatins 2 and 4, and 7 X 10(-7) M allatostatin 3. Inhibition by allatostatins 1-4 was reversible. In addition, allatostatin 1 inhibited juvenile hormone synthesis by corpora allata from mated females and last-instar larvae of D. punctata and corpora allata of adult female Periplaneta americana.
Matrix techniques for modeling ultrasonic waves in multilayered media (1995)

Research into ultrasonic NDE techniques for the inspection of multilayered structures relies strongly on the use of modeling tools which calculate dispersion curves and reflection and transmission spectra. These predictions are essential to enable the best inspection strategies to be identified and their sensitivities to be evaluated. General purpose multilayer modeling tools may be developed from a number of matrix formulations which have evolved in the latter half of this century and there is now a formidable number of publications on the subject. This paper presents a review of the main developments of the matrix techniques, and their use in response and modal models, with emphasis on ultrasonics applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adherence to Therapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Adherence to therapy is defined as the extent to which a person's behavior in taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider. Patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus are initially encouraged to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regimen, followed by early medication that generally includes one or more oral hypoglycemic agents and later may include an injectable treatment. To prevent the complications associated with type 2 diabetes, therapy frequently also includes medications for control of blood pressure, dyslipidemia and other disorders, since patients often have more than three or four chronic conditions. Despite the benefits of therapy, studies have indicated that recommended glycemic goals are achieved by less than 50% of patients, which may be associated with decreased adherence to therapies. As a result, hyperglycemia and long-term complications increase morbidity and premature mortality, and lead to increased costs to health services. Reasons for nonadherence are multifactorial and difficult to identify. They include age, information, perception and duration of disease, complexity of dosing regimen, polytherapy, psychological factors, safety, tolerability and cost. Various measures to increase patient satisfaction and increase adherence in type 2 diabetes have been investigated. These include reducing the complexity of therapy by fixed-dose combination pills and less frequent dosing regimens, using medications that are associated with fewer adverse events (hypoglycemia or weight gain), educational initiatives with improved patient-healthcare provider communication, reminder systems and social support to help reduce costs. In the current narrative review, factors that influence adherence to different therapies for type 2 diabetes are discussed, along with outcomes of poor adherence, the economic impact of nonadherence, and strategies aimed at improving adherence.
On the bound of the approximation capacity of multi-layer neural network (1991)

The authors deal with the approximation capacity of a multilayer neural network (MLNN) and present a strict mathematical expression for the bound of the approximation ability of a single input-output MLNN with hidden units of sigmoid activation functions. The influence of the number of hidden units, connections, and the threshold on the approximation accuracy is also discussed. The relationship between the order of the polynomial and the number of MLNN hidden units used to approximate the polynomial is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth and physical properties of epitaxial HfN layers on MgO(001) (2004)

Stoichiometric HfN layers, with N/Hf=1.0±0.03, were grown on MgO(001) substrates at 650 °C by ultrahigh-vacuum magnetically unbalanced magnetron sputter deposition in mixed N2/Ar discharges at 20 mTorr (2.67 Pa). High-resolution x-ray diffraction ω-2θ and azimuthal φ scans combined with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy establish that HfN grows epitaxially with a cube-on-cube orientational relationship to the substrate: (001)HfN∥(001)MgO and [100]HfN∥[100]MgO. The layers are fully relaxed at the growth temperature and have a room-temperature bulk lattice constant of 0.4524 nm. Electronic transport measurements show that HfN is metallic with a room-temperature resistivity of 14.2 μΩ cm, an n-type carrier concentration of 4.8×1021 cm−3, and an electron mobility of 86 cm2 V−1 s−1. The resistivity ρ remains constant at 3.5 μΩ cm, limited by defect scattering, between 10 and 50 K, while at higher temperatures ρ increases linearly and is limited primarily by phonon scattering. HfN(001) is also superconducting with a critical temperature of 9.18 K. The hardness and elastic modulus of HfN(001) were determined from nanoindentation measurements to be 25.2±0.7 and 450±9 GPa, respectively.
Some steric aspects of synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by phosphoroamidite approach on solid support. (1987)

The influence of 2'-O-substituents (i.e. methyl, tetrahydropyranyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl) on the chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by the phosphoroamidite approach on solid support is studied and compared with 2'-deoxynucleosides. Strong dependence on the steric hindrance of 2'-substituents both for the 3'-phosphitylation and condensation steps is described.
Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water by Iron Oxide-Coated Sand and Ferrihydrite — Batch Studies (2001)

Abstract Arsenic, a common toxic element is mainly transported in the environment by water. Arsenic in drinking water is of major concern to many of the water utilities in the world. Numerous studies have examined the removal of arsenic from drinking water through treatment processes such as coagulation-precipitation, reverse osmosis and ion exchange. The focus of research has now shifted to solve the problems using suitable adsorbents to achieve low level As in drinking water for communities with high raw water arsenic concentration. The determination of arsenic species is also essential for a better understanding and prediction of the toxic and carcinogenic nature of the species present in natural water systems. It is generally known that As(III) is more toxic than As(V) and inorganic arsenicals are more toxic than organic derivatives. The objective of this study was to study the arsenic adsorption behaviour on iron oxide-coated sand (IOCS) and ferrihydrite (FH). Batch studies were conducted using these adsorbents with natural water containing 325 μg/L arsenic, and the removal of approximately 90% was obtained. The adsorption capacity of the IOCS and FH used in this study for arsenic was estimated as 18.3 and 285 μg/g, respectively. The experimental data fitted well with the well-known isotherms, namely, Freundlich, Langmuir and BET, indicating a favourable adsorption by these adsorbents. Speciation studies were also conducted with natural water containing arsenic. Particulate and soluble arsenic in water were determined, and As(III) in the sample was determined by passing the sample containing arsenic through anion exchange resin (Dowex 1X8-100; acetate form) packed in the column. Speciation studies with natural water showed that the particulate and soluble arsenic contributed 11.4 and 88.6% of the total arsenic present in the natural water, respectively. In the case of soluble arsenic, As(III) and As(V) were 47.3 and 52.7%, respectively.