gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A practical implementation of clustered fault tolerant write acceleration in a virtualized environment (2015)

Host-side flash storage opens up an exciting avenue for accelerating Virtual Machine (VM) writes in virtualized datacenters. The key challenge with implementing such an acceleration layer is to do so without breaking live VM migration which is essential for providing distributed resource management and high availability. High availability also powers-on VMs on new host when the previous host crashes. We introduce FVP, a fault tolerant host-side flash write acceleration layer that seamlessly integrates with the virtualized environment while preserving dynamic resource management and high availability, the holy tenets of a virtualized environment. FVP integrates with the VMware ESX hypervisor kernel to intercept VM I/O and redirects the I/O to host-side flash devices. VMs experience flash latencies instead of SAN latencies and write intensive applications such as databases and email servers benefit from predictable write throughput. No changes are required to the VM guest operating systems so VM applications can continue to function seamlessly without any modifications. FVP pools together all the host-side flash devices in the cluster so every host can access another host's flash device preserving VM mobility. By replicating VM writes onto peer host-side flash devices, FVP is able to tolerate multiple cascading host and flash failures. Failure recovery is distributed, requiring no central co-ordination. We describe the workings of the FVP key components and demonstrate how FVP reduces VM latencies to accelerate VM writes, improves performance predictability, and increases virtualized datacenter efficiency.
Fabrication of an insulated metal substrate (IMS), having an insulating layer with a high dielectric constant (1993)

A copper-based insulated metal substrate (IMS) having an insulating layer with a high dielectric constant has been developed, using an epoxy compound filled with barium titanate filler. A wide variety of polymers and inorganic filters as well as coupling agents were tested for their ability to be fabricated into an insulating layer having a dielectric constant of 26 and a dielectric loss of 0.04 at 400 MHz. The temperature dependence of the cured dielectric was also studied. This copper-based IMS easily allowed for the addition of solder through holes. Reduction in the size of the microstrip line in an UHF power amplifier was attempted. An area less than 1/3 the original size of the conventional glass epoxy printed circuit is expected with this IMS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The frequency of and associations with hospitalization secondary to lupus flares from the 1000 Faces of Lupus Canadian cohort (2013)

The mean annual rate of hospitalization attributed to lupus was lower than expected. Hematologic, serositis, MSK and renal were the most common reasons. In a regression model elevated BMI, more ACR criteria and psychosis were associated with hospitalization.
Design of <i>N</i> -way distributed Doherty amplifier for WCDMA and OFDM applications (2007)

A novel three-way distributed Doherty power amplifier with an extended efficiency range for WCDMA or OFDM repeater or base-station applications is presented. This distributed Doherty amplifier consists of one main amplifier and two peaking amplifiers. To achieve high efficiency at a high back-off power, the peaking amplifier structure is based on the dual-fed distributed amplifier form. The 2140 MHz measured results of the three-way distributed Doherty amplifier yielded an 11 dB power gain, with 39.5% power added efficiency at 9.5 dB back-off power.
Functional Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women After Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy (2001)

In Brief Objective To evaluate whether functional cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a reliable method for verifying postoperative anatomy and function in women after abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Methods We did postoperative functional cine MRI in 25 women who had sacrocolpopexies. Visibility of grafts and vaginal and sacral fixation points were assessed and correlated with intraoperative results. Ranges of vaginal movement were calculated and compared with results of postoperative gynecologic examinations. Results Functional cine MRI achieved full view of vaginas in all cases. The mean vaginal axis was 142°. Grafts were entirely visible in 13 women, partly visible in nine, and not visible in three. Functional cine MRI defined exactly the sacral fixation points in 22 women. Compared with intraoperative results, functional cine MRI showed a higher level of fixation in nine of 11 women. Functional cine MRI defined exact vaginal fixations point in 15 of 25 women. According to the pubococcygeal reference line, the postoperative range of movement of the vaginal apex was 1.8 cm. Recurrent vaginal vault prolapses in three women were detected equally by functional cine MRIs and gynecologic examinations. In those cases, no parts of patches were seen on the images. Conclusion Functional cine MRI provided reliable abdominal sacrocolpopexy follow-up data. It might help with individual surgical planning and augment understanding of benefits and flaws of various surgical approaches to repair of vaginal vault prolapse. Funtional cine magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing postoperative anatomy and function in women after abdominal sacrocolpopexy.
Wittiorumins A – F, Antioxidant Diels-Alder-Type Adducts from<i>Morus wittiorum</i> (2009)

Six new Diels-Alder-type adducts, wittiorumins A-F ( 1 - 6) along with the three known compounds chalcomoracin ( 7), mulberrofuran J ( 8), and mongolicin F ( 9), were isolated from the stem bark of Morus wittiorum. Their structures including their absolute configurations were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Some of the isolated compounds ( 1 - 4) were assayed for their antioxidant activities, among which compounds 1 - 3 were active as antioxidants, with inhibitory ratios of 73.0 %, 82.0 %, and 82.0 %, respectively, at a concentration of 10 ( - 5) M.
A NOVEL OPTICAL BIOPSY TECHNIQUE USING ELASTIC SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY FOR DYSPLASIA AND CANCER IN BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS. (2000)

sue and the other to detect scattered light. The probe tip was placed in gentle contact with the tissue surface for the sites being interrogated. Histologically, biopsies were defined as normal, dysplastic or carcinoma. Optical biopsies took less than 1 second to perform. Data were normalized to the region 650-700 nm and analysis of spectra was carried out between 330 and 650 nm using two mathematical pattern-recognition methods: artificial neural networks and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: Histological findings were correlated with appropriate spectra. For each analysis some of the data sets (spectra and corresponding histology) were used for training the pattern recognition methods and others were reserved for testing. Preliminary analysis of these data gives a sensitivity for detecting an abnormality (cancer or dysplasia) of 90-95% with a specificity of 85-90% and a correct tissue diagnosis (neoplastic or normal) in about 90% of sites. Conclusions: Preliminary results using ESS show that this technique has potential as a real time diagnostic test for in vivo diagnosis of dysplasia or cancer within Barrett’s mucosa. The technique is complementary to fluorescence endoscopy and is more robust than fluorescence spectroscopy as it utilizes white light to generate a strong spectroscopic signal rather than a blue light to generate a weak fluorescent one and can be used during routine white light endoscopy.
Diagnose compound scan chain and system logic defects (2007)

Scan based diagnosis can be of great help to guide physical failure analysis, which is critical for the success of silicon debug and yield ramp up. In practice, diagnosis becomes more difficult if scan chain defects and system logic defects co-exist on one die, which are called compound defects in this paper. We first describe the challenges in diagnosing this type of compound defects. A novel diagnosis flow is proposed to diagnose the compound defects on scan chain and system logic. The diagnosis methodology was successfully applied in industrial designs.
Portable optical water-and-oil analyzer based on a mid-IR (1.6–2.4 μm) optron consisting of an LED array and a wideband photodiode (2010)

An optical method for measuring the water and oil content using mid-IR (1.6–2.4 μm) LEDs and a wideband photodiode is suggested for the first time. This method is developed based on the absorption spectra of pure water, dewatered oil, and water—oil emulsions (cut oil) with different content of water and uses 10 types of LEDs in the spectral range 1.6–2.4 μm. It is shown that pure water heavily absorbs the LED radiation in the spectral range 1.85–2.05 μm, oil absorbs in the range 1.67–1.87 μm, and the LED radiation with a maximum at 2.20 μm is equally weakly absorbed by water and oil. An optical cell of the water-and-oil analyzer is designed on the basis of a three-element diode array with radiation maxima at 1.65 (detection of oil), 1.94 (detection of water), and 2.2 μm (reference signal) wideband photodiode covering the spectral range 1.3–2.4 μm. A calibration curve is derived that represents the dependence of the water concentration in oil on the amplitude of the reduced signal obtained by processing three signals from the LEDs. This optical method of measuring the water content in oil underlies a portable analyzer making possible online measurements directly in an oil well.
Electrical, Optical and Thermofluidic Chip I/O Interconnections (2007)

This paper describes microscale fluidic chip I/O interconnects to enable the delivery of a coolant from substrate-level fluidic channels to a CMOS chip with an integrated silicon microchannel heat sink. It is shown that the fluidic I/Os are flip-chip compatible and can be assembled simultaneously with C4 bumps. The cooling of &gt;300 W/cm2 is demonstrated using the microfluidic chip I/Os. Their compatibility with optical I/Os and the mechanical compliance characterization of the optical I/Os are also described. Experimental research is reported in the fabrication, assembly, and testing of a chip with electrical and fluidic I/O interconnects.
Elastic-Plastic Deformation of a Nuclear Fuel Cladding Specimen under the Internal Pressure of a Polymer Pellet (2002)

During the operation of light water reactors, corrosion of nuclear fuel cladding results into the generation of hydrogen. With operation time increase, the hydrogen concentration in the cladding may exceed its terminal solid solubility and brittle zirconium hydrides may precipitate. Indeed hydrides are present in high burnup fuel cladding, which is therefore more susceptible to failure.\nThe Expansion Due to Compression (EDC) test has been developed for the study of irradiated and\nhydrided cladding failure, under conditions of pellet cladding mechanical interaction, which are\nexpected during a reactivity initiated accident (RIA) or an in-pile test. During the EDC test, a piece of cladding tube is circumferentially loaded in tension due to the expansion of a polymer pellet, axially compressed inside the tube. A finite element simulation of the EDC-test is presented. The objective of the study is: (i) to understand the deformation of the cladding, during the experiment, including the effect of cladding material properties, and (ii) to provide information, necessary for the development of failure criteria. The distributions of important field quantities with respect to the damage of the cladding are derived\ntogether with the evolution of their maximum values, during loading. It is shown that, before cladding yielding as well as after substantial plastic deformation, the radial displacement, on the external surface, and the total energy per unit volume, when appropriately normalized, vary along the cladding axis according load-independent distributions. This characteristic of cladding deformation is used for the development of failure criteria.
Quantum Error Correction using Hypergraph States (2017)

Graph states have been used for quantum error correction by Schlingemann et al. [Physical Review A 65.1 (2001): 012308]. Hypergraph states [Physical Review A 87.2 (2013): 022311] are generalizations of graph states and they have been used in quantum algorithms. We for the first time demonstrate how hypergraph states can be used for quantum error correction. We also point out that they are more efficient than graph states in the sense that to correct equal number of errors on the same graph topology, suitably defined hypergraph states require less number of gate operations than the corresponding graph states.
Attaining resistive switching characteristics and selector properties by varying forming polarities in a single HfO<sub>2</sub>-based RRAM device with a vanadium electrode (2017)

This study proposes a method for a HfO<sub>2</sub>-based device to exhibit both resistive switching (RS) characteristics as resistive random access memory (RRAM) and selector characteristics by introducing vanadium (V) as the top electrode. This simple V/HfO<sub>2</sub>/TiN structure can demonstrate these two different properties depending on forming polarities. The RS mechanism is activated by a positive forming bias. In contrast, the selector property is induced by a negative forming bias. The material analyses firstly confirm the existence of V in the top electrode. Then the electrical measurements for the same V/HfO<sub>2</sub>/TiN structures but with different forming polarities were carried out to further investigate their DC sweeping characteristics to act as either a selector or RRAM device. Furthermore, reliability tests for both selector and RRAM devices were also conducted to confirm their switching stabilities. Finally, current fitting methods and temperature influence experiments were performed to investigate the carrier transport mechanisms. Finally, physical models were proposed to illustrate the selector property and RS mechanism for selector and RRAM devices, respectively. This simple device structure with its easy operating method accomplishes a significant advancement of devices combining both selector properties and RRAM for remarkable real applications in the near future.
1,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-vitamin D3 prolongs survival time of leukemic mice. (1990)

The 1,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3] is a vitamin D analog that is very potent in inhibiting proliferation and inducing differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells in vitro. Also, 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 is 300 times less active in mediating intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium mobilization as compared to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the physiologically active metabolite. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 is 10-25 times less potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 in causing hypercalcemia in BALB/c mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every other day (q.o.d.) for 6 weeks. We explored the therapeutic potential of 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 by developing and using the following three leukemia models. (i) Injection of 2.5 x 10(5) myeloid leukemic cells (WEHI 3BD+) into syngeneic BALB/c mice resulted in leukemic death of all diluent-injected mice by day 26. Mice who received the same number of leukemic cells and also received 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.1 micrograms q.o.d., i.p.) had nearly an identical survival curve. Those who received the leukemic cells and 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 (1.6 micrograms q.o.d., i.p.) had a significantly (P = 0.003) longer survival, with the last mouse dying of leukemia on day 50. (ii) Injection of 50% fewer leukemic cells (1 x 10(5) cells) into syngeneic BALB/c mice resulted in 86% dead of leukemia at 51 days. Experimental mice who received the same number of leukemic cells and 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 (0.8 microgram q.o.d.) had a significantly (P = 0.0006) longer survival than controls; only 53% of the mice were dead by day 100. (iii) After injection of 1.5 x 10(4) leukemic cells, 13% of syngeneic BALB/c mice were free of disease at day 180. In contrast, 43% of mice who received leukemic cells and 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 (1.6 micrograms q.o.d.) were still free of disease at day 180. In summary, 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 is a vitamin D analog that significantly increased survival of mice who had myeloid leukemia.
A 13.56 MHz Metamaterial for the Wireless Power Transmission Enhancement in Implantable Biomedical Devices (2019)

This paper presents a 13.56MHz metamaterial for wireless power transmission (WPT) enhancement in implantable biomedical devices based on the evanescent wave coupling mechanism. The power transmission efficiency (PTE) will increase from 46 to 51% with the metamaterial while the transmitting and receiving antennas are placed with a 1 cm distance and 1cm offset horizontal misalignment, will increase from 39 to 46% with the metamaterial while the two antenna planes are placed at a distance of 1.5 cm with an axial offset of 15°, and will increase from 28 to 50% with two pieces of metamaterial placed with a 0.5cm distance while the two antenna planes are placed with a 1.5 cm distance and 1 cm offset horizontal misalignment.
Effect of intra‐articular hyaluronan on pressure‐flow relation across synovium in anaesthetized rabbits. (1995)

1. Hyaluronan is the major polysaccharide of synovial fluid, responsible for its high viscosity. The effect of hyaluronan on fluid transport across the synovial lining of the joint was investigated. Rate of fluid absorption from the joint cavity (Qs) was measured at intra-articular pressures (Pj) of up to 24 cmH2O in knees of anaesthetized rabbits, in the presence or absence of hyaluronan in intra-articular infusates. 2. Viscometry studies in vitro showed that the commercial hyaluronan used had a molecular weight of 549,000-774,000, a radius of gyration of 48-99 nm and a critical concentration for molecular overlap of 1.3 g l-1. 3. With intra-articular Krebs solution (control) or subnormal, subcritical concentrations of hyaluronan (0.5 g l-1), flow increased with pressure. Hyaluronan reduced the fluid escape rate by reducing slope dQs/dPj by 32-64% relative to Krebs solution. 4. At normal to high hyaluronan concentrations (3-6 g l-1) and low pressures, hyaluronan again reduced slope dQs/dPj, by 39-64%. The reduction in slope was slight, however, when compared with the reduction in bulk fluidity (1/relative viscosity). Fluidity at high shear rates was reduced to 6% of control values by 6 g l-1 hyaluronan. The effect on slope did not correlate significantly with the effect on fluidity. 5. At pressures above approximately 12 cmH2O, 3-6 g l-1 hyaluronan altered the shape of the pressure-flow relation: a flow plateau developed. In some joints raising pressure even reduced trans-synovial flow slightly. The pressure required to drive unit trans-synovial flow (an index of outflow resistance) increased 2.5-fold between 5 and 25 cmH2O in the presence of hyaluronan. By contrast, in the absence of hyaluronan the outflow resistance fell as pressure was raised. 6. It is suggested that the increasing resistance to flow in the presence of hyaluronan may be caused by partial molecular sieving of hyaluronan by the small porosities of the synovial interstitial matrix, leading to accumulation of a resistive filter cake of hyaluronan chains at the tissue-cavity interface. Since hyaluronan impedes fluid escape when pressure is raised, it may serve to preserve synovial fluid volume in vivo, e.g. during sustained joint flexion.
[Expressions of fibrillin-1, elastin and matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 in chronic actinic dermatitis in elderly patients]. (2008)

Elastin and fibrillin-1 deposition can be found in the skin lesions in patients with chronic actinic dermatitis, suggesting the association of increased MMP-1 expression with the elastic tissue degeneration in the lesions. MMP-9 does not exhibit an obvious association with the pathogenesis of chronic actinic dermatitis in elderly patients.
Mammals: an allometric study of metabolism at tissue and mitochondrial level (1985)

Body composition, mitochondrial volume density, and mitochondrial membrane surface area were measured in six species of mammals representing a 100-fold weight range (18-2,067 g). The mammals examined included three eutherian species, two marsupial, and one monotreme species. The tissues examined were liver, kidney, brain, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius). Allometric equations were derived for tissue weight, and the allometric exponents ranged from 0.69 (brain) to 1.01 (skeletal muscle). Allometric relationships for mitochondrial membrane surface area were also determined both per milliliter tissue and per total tissue. Small mammals had a higher mitochondrial membrane surface area per milliliter tissue than large mammals in all tissues examined. These differences were significant in liver, kidney, brain, and heart. Total mitochondrial membrane surface area per tissue had allometric exponents ranging from 0.55 (kidney) to 0.78 (skeletal muscle). When total mitochondrial membrane surface area was summated for the major internal organs examined (liver, kidney, heart, and brain), the allometric equation was mitochondrial membrane surface area (m2) = 3.04 body wt0.59 (g). This was similar to the exponent of standard metabolic rate against body weight in the species examined (i.e., 0.62). The inclusion of skeletal muscle and lung into the summated mitochondrial membrane surface area increased the exponent to 0.76. This is compared with the relationship between maximal O2 consumption and body size in mammals.
Guided acoustic traveling wave lens for high-speed optical scanners (1979)

Acoustic traveling wave lenses are useful devices to improve the performances of acoustooptical scanners and other optical scanners. A guided acoustic wave version of the traveling wave lens has been investigated for potential reduction of the power consumption of acoustic traveling wave lenses. Resolution gain as high as 35 has been demonstrated. The smallest focused spot which has been experimentally observed is less than 18 microm. Approximately a factor of 25 in device power saving is feasible over the bulk version devices. Smaller focal spot as well as higher resolution gain is possible according to the theoretical studies. To realize the ultimate guided acoustic traveling wave lens performances, a design procedure is outlined together with a list of potential materials for the optimal design of such devices.