gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation Between BCDS and Blue LSBGS (1998)

Two important questions are connected to the evolutionary history of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs): the triggering mechanism of the starburst and the properties of the precursor(s) and successor. The halos of many BCDs show red colours indicating that the host galaxy is in fact of early type. But where did the gas come from? Was it there from the start in a quiescent mode or was it fed by a merger with an intergalactic gas cloud or a gas-rich dwarf? Is there a general answer to this question or are there different families of BCDs? The BCDs generating most of the interest are those with low chemical abundances, typically 10% solar. The only plausible precursors in this case are metal-poor dis, LSBGs or pure HI clouds (e.g. Thuan & Seitzer 197, ApJ 231, 680). In a comparison between LSBGs and BCDs Taylor et al. (e.g. 1997, ApJ 480, 524; 1996, ApJS 107, 143) found an excess of HI rich companions in the environments of BCDs which they interpret as a support of tidal triggering. We have studied a few massive (~ 10 9 M ʘ ) metal- poor blue compact galaxies (BCGs). These are too bright to be classified as dwarfs but define an extension of the BCD family. For simplicity we will in the following use the common abbrevation BCD. In a search for possible precursors we have studied a sample of blue LSBGs with metallicities similar to BCDs (5-15%).
Amplitude mask patterned on an excimer laser mirrorfor high intensity writing of long period fibre gratings (1997)

Masks have been produced for long period fibre grating fabrication from commercial dielectric laser mirrors. The masks, which were produced by direct patterning of a photoresist using an argon laser, can withstand in excess of 200 mJ/cm2 per 15 ns pulse of 248 nm laser light. The use of these masks decreased exposure times by 90% and nearly doubled the attenuation (dB) of a long period grating produced by a given UV fluence compared to chrome-on-silica masks.
8‐Hydroxyquinolines are bactericidal against <scp><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></scp> (2019)

There is an urgent need for new treatments effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. The 8-hydroxyquinoline series is a privileged scaffold with anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. We conducted a structure-activity relationship study of the series regarding its antitubercular activity using 26 analogs. The 8-hydroxyquinolines showed good activity against M. tuberculosis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of <5 μM for some analogs. Small substitutions at C5 resulted in the most potent activity. Substitutions at C2 generally decreased potency, although a sub-family of 2-styryl-substituted analogs retained activity. Representative compounds demonstrated bactericidal activity against replicating M. tuberculosis with >4 log kill at 10× MIC over 14 days. The majority of the compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> of <100 μM). Further development of this series as antitubercular agents should address the cytotoxicity liability. However, the 8-hydroxyquinoline series represents a useful tool for chemical genomics to identify novel targets in M. tuberculosis.
A Logical Stepwise Approach to Laser Diffraction Particle Size Distribution Analysis Methods Development and Validation (1998)

In this study, a logical, stepwise, efficient approach was used to develop and validate particle size distribution analysis methods for 58 different pharmaceutical bulk powders in a timely fashion. Image analysis was used to determine particle morphology and laser diffraction particle size distribution analysis was used to evaluate the dispersion medium, dispersion concentration, sonication time, and dispersion stability. Ruggedness validation was performed, by two different analysis, on different days, with different instruments on two preparations each of two different lots of material. It was determined that if the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the median volume diameters (d50) of the four preparations for each lot was below 20%, the method was suitably rugged for use in a quality control setting. Data for methyldopa, metoprolol tartrate, and metronidazole are presented as typical method validation results for three different modes of analysis. Data at three points (d10, d50, and d90) on the distributions were tabulated and evaluated for all 58 methods validated. The median volume diameter (d50) was found to be adequate for method validation. The approach rapidly generated valid, reproducible particle size distribution analysis methodology.
A Large Thermal Elasticity of the Ordered FeRh Alloy Film With Sharp Magnetic Transition (2004)

Thermal elasticity and electrical resistivity with the magnetic phase transition were studied in FeRh alloy films prepared by ion-beam sputtering and subjected to post-annealing. Fe/sub 49.7/Rh/sub 50.3/ and Fe/sub 48.9/Rh/sub 51.1/ films deposited on conventional glass substrate and subjected to post-annealing at 600/spl deg/C for 90 min, respectively. Both films show a considerably sharp transition. In particular, Fe/sub 49.7/Rh/sub 50.3/ film exhibits small thermal hysteresis of about 20/spl deg/C width, which is only about 2 times over than that of bulk. Furthermore, a large abrupt thermal strain over 2/spl times/10/sup -3/ was observed with the magnetic transition. These results indicate that strictly controlled an equiatomic composition is an effective way to obtain the FeRh film with abrupt magnetic phase transition under low temperature and short time annealing.
Enzymatic ω-Oxidation (1970)

Abstract An inducible hydroxylase which catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids to their ω-hydroxy derivatives and n-alkanes to primary alcohols in the presence of molecular oxygen, a reduced pyridine nucleotide, rubredoxin, and a rubredoxin reductase has been solubilized and partially purified from Pseudomonas oleovorans. The bacterial reductase, which has higher activity with DPNH than with TPNH, may be replaced by highly purified ferredoxin reductase from spinach, for which TPNH is the preferred cofactor. The unlike an enzyme of similar function occurring in liver microsomes, contains no cytochrome P-450. The enzyme is of high molecular weight (estimated as about 2 x 106 by chromatography on a calibrated agarose column), but appears to dissociate into smaller units in the presence of dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol. Iron was determined by emission spectroscopy to be present in the amount of 4.2 g atoms/2 x 106 g of protein, whereas only traces of FAD and heme were found. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum showed signals typical of rhombic iron (g = 4.3), a free radical (g = 2.003), and a labile sulfide-containing non-heme iron protein (g = 1.94), with a minor component at 2.03), but the significance of these resonances with respect to the catalytic function of the iron is not yet known. In the presence of rubredoxin, a rubredoxin reductase, and the ω-hydroxylase, the hydroxylation of octane was shown to yield n-octanol in equimolar amount to the amounts of TPNH and molecular oxygen consumed. This stoichiometry corresponds to that expected of a monooxygenase or mixed function oxidase, as follows: RCH3 + O2 + D(T)PNH + H+ → RCH2OH + D(T)PN+ + H2O. In addition to octane, which is the most active substrate, other n-alkanes from C6 to C14, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, dimethylhexane, fatty acids from C6 to C12, and certain glyceride derivatives of fatty acids all undergo hydroxylation as judged by the substrate-dependent disappearance of TPNH in the complete enzyme system. The ω-hydroxylase is extensively inhibited by cyanide and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Cyanide was shown to act as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to laurate and to have a Ki of 3.1 x 10-4m. The Km values of hexanoate, heptanoate, and nonanoate are 2.2 x 10-2m, 5.2 x 10-3m, and 6.9 x 10-4m, respectively.
<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> mitochondria: Morphological, respiratory and protein import characteristics (1992)

A technique is described for the isolation and purification of intact, respiratory-competent mitochondria from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The purified mitochondria are capable of oxidizing NADH and succinate as respiratory substrates, indicating the presence of succinate dehydrogenase and an NADH dehydrogenase located on the outer surface of the inner membrane. Mitochondria display good respiratory control with an ADP/O ratio of < 2. Respiratory activity is linearly dependent upon the redox poise of the quinone pool, suggesting the presence of an unbranched respiratory pathway to molecular oxygen. Immunogold labelling using antisera raised against mitochondrial HSP70 proteins (SSP1, SSC1 and PHSP1) from three different species, namely S. pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant Pisum sativum respectively, has been used to investigate the presence and ultrastructure of the mitochondria isolated by this procedure. The immunocytochemistry was carried out using cells containing wild-type levels of SSP1 protein and cells over-expressing the protein. These results also demonstrate the capacity of mitochondria to import increased levels of protein in vivo. In vitro import experiments using COXIV-DHFR indicate that purified S. pombe mitochondria can efficiently import this precursor, and that protein translocation is dependent upon an oxidizable substrate and a membrane potential.
Chondrogenic Differentiation from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Non-Viral Minicircle Vectors (2020)

<b>:</b> Human degenerative cartilage has low regenerative potential. Chondrocyte transplantation offers a promising strategy for cartilage treatment and regeneration. Currently, chondrogenesis using human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is accomplished using human recombinant growth factors. Here, we differentiate hiPSCs into chondrogenic pellets using minicircle vectors. Minicircles are a non-viral gene delivery system that can produce growth factors without integration into the host genome. We generated minicircle vectors containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and delivered them to mesenchymal stem cell-like, hiPSC-derived outgrowth (OG) cells. Cell pellets generated using minicircle-transfected OG cells successfully differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage. The implanted minicircle-based chondrogenic pellets recovered the osteochondral defects in rat models. This work is a proof-of-concept study that describes the potential application of minicircle vectors in cartilage regeneration using hiPSCs.
Hemopoietic Colony-stimulating Factors: Biologic Functions and Clinical Potentials (1990)

"Hemopoietic Colony-stimulating Factors: Biologic Functions and Clinical Potentials." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 3(4), pp. 283–284
Influence of transmission-line interconnections between gigabit-per-second ICs on time jitter and instabilities (1990)

The influence of transmission-line interconnections between high-speed ICs on time jitter and oscillations is investigated. Simple but flexible methods for estimating these effects are proposed and proved by measurements and simulations. The estimations are based on small-signal reflection coefficients. Moreover, various line terminations are discussed. A special gigabit-per-second bipolar IC was fabricated for the experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Improved Isolation of Triformylmethane (TFM): Properties and Preparation of Some Derivatives (1988)

We present a straightforward method for the isolation of the title compound, triformylmethane (TFM), describe some of its physical properties, and present some evidence for its versatility as a synthetic building block for heterocyclic compounds. The structure of TFM appears to be medium-dependent as determined by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Evaluation of the Ultrasensitive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) p24 Antigen Assay Performed on Dried Blood Spots for Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Infants (2007)

The diagnostic accuracy of the modified p24 antigen assay performed on pediatric dried blood spots was evaluated. Samples analyzed within 6 weeks of collection yielded no false-positive results (specificity, 100%) and few false-negative results (sensitivity, 96.5% to 98.3%). Laboratory services with limited resources should assess this option for routine infant diagnosis.
Dithiane-Based Photolabile Amphiphiles:  Toward Photolabile Liposomes<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (2003)

A series of externally and internally sensitized photolabile amphiphiles having their hydrophilic headgroups and hydrophobic tails tethered via the dithiane-based photocleavable “latch” is prepared. These lipids are tested in various formulations with naturally occurring phospholipids and/or cholesterol to prepare light-sensitive liposomes. Irradiation of such liposomes in phosphate-buffered saline solution (medium-pressure mercury lamp, Pyrex filter, λ > 300 nm) increases the bilayer permeability and accelerates the release of entrapped small organic molecules by up to an order of magnitude. A novel assay, based on 1H or 19F pulsed field gradient NMR measurements of diffusion coefficients, is developed to monitor the lifetimes of dark leakage and light-induced unloading of the probe molecules.
Synchronization in wireless sensor networks using bluetooth (2005)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can take advantage of versatility, completeness, and low prices of standard wireless protocols; Bluetooth as we show later is a candidate suitable for WSNs. The fusion of data collected over a WSN is just an evident application of time synchronization. Bringing together these two issues, we find that synchronization using standard protocols poses an important drawback. In this paper, we present a simple method that allows clock synchronization in Bluetooth WSNs, down to few microseconds.
Scalable audio coder based on quantizer units of MDCT coefficients (1999)

A scalable codec has been constructed by using transform coding and the basic modules for scalable encoder and decoder. It allows users to choose a variety of scalable configurations in the frequency domain. The basic module is a quantizer that can quantize MDCT (modified DCT) coefficients transformed from a variety of frequency regions. This module mainly works at bit rates of more than 8 kbit/s. We can also change the target frequency regions of the basic module's input-output signals in each transform frame; i.e., we can change the scalable structure according to the nature of the input signals. In the scalable codec described here, the input-output signals are monaural and the sampling frequency is 24 kHz. The total bit rate of this scalable codec is more than 8 kbit/s. Subjective quality evaluation tests, mainly for musical sound sources, showed that it's sound quality is better than that of an MPEG-2 layer 3 codec at 8, 16, and 24 kbit/s when our scalable codec is constructed of 8-kbit/s basic modules. In combination with AAC (advanced audio coding), our scalable codec will be chosen as an international standard in ISO/IEC-MPEG-4/Audio.
Surface-Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells Containing Pyridine Adduct Additives (2016)

The use of electrolyte additives to form a passive solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) at one or both electrodes is a common method for improving lithium-ion cell lifetime and performance. This work follows the chemical and electrochemical processes involved in SEI formation on graphite electrodes for two Lewis acid-base adducts, pyridine boron trifluoride (PBF) and pyridine phosphorus pentafluoride (PPF). The combination of experimental methods (electrochemistry, in situ volumetric measurements, gas chromatography, isothermal microcalorimetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) with quantum chemistry models (density functional theory) provides new insight into the interfacial chemistry. PBF and PPF are reduced at ∼1.3 V vs. Li/Li+ and ∼1.4 V, respectively. This is followed by radical coupling to form 4,4'-bipyridine adducts, hydrogen transfer to ethylene carbonate solvent molecules, and reduction of the solvent to produce lithium ethyl carbonate. The reduced bipyridine adducts, Li2(PBF)2 and Li2(PPF)2, are shown to compose part of the SEI at the negative electrode surface.
Synthesis of Multicomponent Olivine by a Novel Mixed Transition Metal Oxalate Coprecipitation Method and Electrochemical Characterization (2010)

The multicomponent olivine cathode material, LiMn1/3Fe1/3Co1/3PO4, was prepared via a novel coprecipitation method of the mixed transition metal oxalate, Mn1/3Fe1/3Co1/3(C2O4)·2H2O. The stoichiometric ratio and distribution of transition metals in the oxalate, therefore, in the olivine product, was affected sensitively by the environments in the coprecipitation process, while they are the important factors in determining the electrochemical property of electrode materials with multiple transition metals. The effect of the pH, atmosphere, temperature, and aging time was investigated thoroughly with respect to the atomic ratio of transition metals, phase purity, and morphology of the mixed transition metal oxalate. The electrochemical activity of each transition metal in the olivine synthesized through this method clearly was enhanced as indicated in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. Three distinctive contributions from Mn, Fe, and Co redox couples were detected reversibly in multiple charge and discharge processes. The first discharge capacity at the C/5 rate was 140.5 mAh g−1 with good cycle retention. The rate capability test showed that the high capacity still is retained even at the 4C and 6C rates with 102 and 81 mAh g−1, respectively.
A Role for Interleukin-6 in Host Defense against Murine<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection (1998)

Interleukin-6-deficient (IL-6(-/-)) knockout mice had significantly increased Chlamydia trachomatis levels in lung tissue and increased mortality compared to B6129F2/J controls early after intranasal infection. Gamma interferon production and chlamydia-specific antibody levels were consistent with a decreased but reversible Th1-like response in IL-6(-/-) mice. IL-6 is needed for an optimal early host response to this infection.
Audumbarāyaṇa's Theory of Language (1952)

At the beginning of the Nirukta Yāska mentions the four parts of speech (noun, verb, upasarga , and nipāta ), and gives definitions of the first two: verbs are chiefly concerned with being-and-becoming ( bhävapradhānam ākhyātam ), while nouns are chiefly concerned with existants ( sattvapradhānāni nāmāni ). After a brief discussion, with examples, he proceeds to give an argument against the possibility of classifying the parts of speech. This somewhat cryptic passage, which has been the subject of a considerable amount of discussion, is as follows:— indriyanitya vacanam audumbarāyaŋa . tatra catuş vam nopapadyate, 'yugapad-utpannānā vā śabdānām itaretaropadeśa śāstrakrto yogaś ca. vyāptimattvāt tu śabdasyānīyastvāc ca śabdena sa jnā-karaŋa vyavāhārārtha loke. teşä manuşyavad devatā-bhidhānam. puruşavidyānityatvāt karmasampattir mantro vede.
Rationally Designed Surfactants for Few-Layered Graphene Exfoliation: Ionic Groups Attached to Electron-Deficient π-Conjugated Unit through Alkyl Spacers (2014)

Mass production of graphene with low cost and high throughput is very important for practical applications of graphene materials. The most promising approach to produce graphene with low defect content at a large scale is exfoliation of graphite in an aqueous solution of surfactants. Herein, we report a molecular design strategy to develop surfactants by attaching ionic groups to an electron-deficient π-conjugated unit with flexible alkyl spacers. The molecular design strategy enables the surfactant molecules to interact strongly with both the graphene sheets and the water molecules, greatly improving graphene dispersion in water. As the result, a few-layered graphene concentration as high as 1.2-5.0 mg mL(-1) is demonstrated with the surfactant, which is much higher than those (<0.1 mg mL(-1)) obtained with normal aromatic or nonaromatic surfactants. Moreover, the surfactant can be easily synthesized at large scale. The superior performance and convenient synthesis make the surfactant very promising for mass production of graphene.
Effect of Particle Size on Melting of Aluminum at Nano Scales (2007)

Molecular-dynamics simulations are performed using isobaric−isoenthalpic (NPH) ensembles to predict the melting of nanosized aluminum particles in the range of 2−9 nm and to investigate the effect of surface charge development on the melting. Five different potential functions (the Lennard-Jones, glue, embedded-atom, Streitz−Mintmire, and Sutton−Chen potentials) are implemented, and the results are evaluated using the particle-size dependence of the melting phenomenon as a benchmark. A combination of structural and thermodynamic parameters, including the potential energy, Lindemann index, translational-order parameter, and radial-distribution functions, are used to characterize the melting process. Both bulk and particle melting are considered. The former features sharp changes in structural and thermodynamic properties across the melting point, as opposed to the smooth variations seen in particle melting in which surface premelting plays an important role. The melting temperature of a nanoparticle increases monotonically with increasing size, from 473 K at 2 nm to a bulk value of 937 K at approximately 8 nm. Two-body potentials like the Lennard-Jones potential fail to predict the thermodynamic melting phenomenon. The Sutton−Chen potential, fitted to match structural properties, also fails to capture the size dependence of particle melting. The many-body glue and Streitz−Mintmire potentials accurately predict melting temperature as a function of particle size. The effect of surface charges on melting is found to be insignificant for nanosized aluminum particles.
Polydentate Analogues of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and Their Complexes with Ruthenium (2011)

Selective reduction of 2-nitro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde provides 2-amino-3-methoxybenzaldehyde that undergoes the Friedländer condensation with a variety of acetyl-substituted derivatives of pyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. After cleavage of the methyl ether, the resulting polydentate analogues of 8-hydroxyquinoline are excellent ligands for ruthenium. The resulting oxidation state of the metal center depends on the anionic character of the ligands. The presence of two electron donating anionic ligands results in a Ru(III) complex as evidenced by paramagnetic NMR behavior. The electronic absorption and redox properties of the complexes were measured and found to be consistent with the anionic character of the 8-HQ moieties. A planar pentadentate ligand provides two Ru-O and two Ru-N bonds in the equatorial plane. An X-ray structure shows that the central pyridine of the ligand is oriented toward the metal but held at a distance of 2.44 Å.