gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic artery injection of Yttrium-90-lipiodol: biodistribution in rats with hepatoma. (1996)

Following hepatic arterial injection of 90Y-lipiodol, tracer uptake in liver tumor was high and tumor retention was lengthy. Consequently, large radiation doses could be delivered to the tumor. We suggest that 90Y-lipiodol is a potential agent in the treatment of liver malignancy.
IL-33/ST2 immune responses to respiratory bacteria in pediatric asthma (2017)

Here we investigated the relationship between local bacterial colonization and anti-bacterial immune responses in pre-school asthmatic and control children within the EU-wide study PreDicta. In this cohort of pre-school asthmatic children, nasopharyngeal colonization with Gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was found to be associated with the highest interferon beta (IFNβ) and IL-33 levels in the nasal pharyngeal fluids (NPF). IL33R-ST2 was found induced in the blood of asthmatic children with additional Gram + bacteria in the nasopharynx (Gr+/-). Furthermore, asthmatic children had more episodes of infection that required antibiotic therapy than the control group. Treatment with antibiotics associated with reduced ST2 in blood cells of both asthmatic and control children and reduced IL-33 levels in the airways of asthmatic children. In the absence of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in NPF, antibiotic therapy associated with decreased IL-33 levels in the NPF and lower ST2 values in the blood of control children but not of asthmatic children. These data suggest that, in asthmatic children, Gram- bacteria, which persist after antibiotic therapy, contributes to IL-33 locally and associated with Gr + bacteria colonization in the airways, inhibited IFN-β and in the absence of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, induced ST2 bearing cells in their blood.
Freezing of myoglobin crystals at high pressure (1973)

A method is described for freezing sperm-whale myoglobin single crystals at a hydrostatic pressure of 2500 atm. Precession photographs show no damage to the lattice order of the frozen crystals.
STUDIES ON GANGRENE FOLLOWING COLD INJURY. V. THE USE OF FLUORESCEIN AS AN INDICATOR OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW: FLUORESCEIN TESTS IN EXPERIMENTAL FROSTBITE 1 (1947)

The application of the fluorescein test to the study of frostbite has been described recently by Lange and Boyd (1). In the course of studies of experimental frostbite carried on in this lab- oratory, certain of the results obtained with the fluorescein test have been difficult to explaih on the basis of interpretations suggested by the proposers of the method. Two groups of ex- periments were undertaken in order to study certain aspects of fluorescein exchange not already reported in the literature. The first group of experiments consisted of studies on normal rabbits of skin fluorescence and fluorescein dis- tribution in body fluids: these have been presented previously (2). The present paper reports the second group of studies carried out on normal rabbits and on rabbits subjected to severe cold injury.
Analyzing hybrid architectures for massively parallel graph analysis (2013)

The quantity of rich, semi-structured data generated by sensor networks, scientific simulation, business activity, and the Internet grows daily. The objective of this research is to investigate architectural requirements for emerging applications in massive graph analysis. Using emerging hybrid systems, we will map applications to architectures and close the loop between software and hardware design in this application space. Parallel algorithms and specialized machine architectures are necessary to handle the immense size and rate of change of today's graph data. To highlight the impact of this work, we describe a number of relevant application areas ranging from biology to business and cybersecurity. With several proposed architectures for massively parallel graph analysis, we investigate the interplay of hardware, algorithm, data, and programming model through real-world experiments and simulations. We demonstrate techniques for obtaining parallel scaling on multithreaded systems using graph algorithms that are orders of magnitude faster and larger than the state of the art. The outcome of this work is a proposed hybrid architecture for massive-scale analytics that leverages key aspects of data-parallel and highly multithreaded systems. In simulations, the hybrid systems incorporating a mix of multithreaded, shared memory systems and solid state disks performed up to twice as fast as either homogeneous system alone on graphs with as many as 18 trillion edges.
Misuse and intrusion detection at Los Alamos National Laboratory (1995)

An effective method for detecting computer misuse is the automatic auditing and analysis of on-line user activity. This activity is reflected in system audit records, in system vulnerability postures, and in other evidence found through active system testing. Since 1989 we have implemented a misuse and intrusion detection system at Los Alamos. This is the Network Anomaly Detection and Intrusion Reporter, or NADIR. NADIR currently audits a Kerberos distributed authentication system, file activity on a mass, storage system, and four Cray supercomputers that run the UNICOS operating system. NADIR summarizes user activity and system configuration in statistical profiles. It compares these profiles to expert rules that define security policy and improper or suspicious behavior. It reports suspicious behavior to security auditors and provides tools to aid in follow-up investigations, As NADIR is constantly evolving, this paper reports its development to date.
Selective survival of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with HIV-1 following delivery of an anti-HIV gene to bone marrow CD34+ cells (2005)

Two HIV-1-infected children on antiretroviral therapy were enrolled into a clinical study of retroviral-mediated transfer of a gene that inhibits replication of HIV-1, targeting bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Two retroviral vectors were used, one encoding a "humanized" dominant-negative REV protein (huM10) that is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and one encoding a nontranslated marker gene (FX) to serve as an internal control for the level of gene marking. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) containing the huM10 gene or FX gene were detected by quantitative PCR at frequencies of approximately 1/10,000 in both subjects for the first 1-3 months following re-infusion of the gene-transduced bone marrow, but then were at or below the limits of detection (<1/1,000,000) at most times over 2 years. In one patient, a reappearance of PBMC containing the huM10 gene, but not the FX gene, occurred concomitant with a rise in the HIV-1 viral load during a period of nonadherence to the antiretroviral regimen. Unique clones of gene-marked PBMC were detected by LAM-PCR during the time of elevated HIV-1 levels. These findings indicate that there was a selective survival advantage for PBMC containing the huM10 gene during the time of increased HIV-1 load.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Alkenyl-1-cyclopentanols via Tin−Lithium Exchange and Intramolecular Cycloalkylation (2002)

[reaction: see text] We report a method for the synthesis of chiral cyclopentanes using tin-lithium exchange and cycloalkylation reactions. The sec-butyllithium/(-)-sparteine-mediated deprotonation of an alkyl carbamate and subsequent substitution furnishes a highly enantioenriched stannane as a stable carbanion equivalent. It was transformed into suitable cyclization precursors, which underwent tin-lithium exchange and stereoselective cycloalkylation when reacted with n-butyllithium, giving highly enantioenriched cyclopentanes in very good yields. A kinetic resolution was observed with a higher substituted stannane.
Battery management system with dual-balancing mechanism for LiFePO<inf>4</inf> battery module (2011)

This paper presents a battery management system of LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> battery module with dual-balancing mechanism. First, the employed battery management can accurately capture some important parameters of the LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> battery module, including voltage, current, temperature, and providing protection functions for the battery module. Next, these obtained parameters of the battery are transmitted to the microcontroller through the inter-integrated circuit (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C-bus). And then the microcontroller can control the pack balancing circuit according to the received battery information. The proposed dual-balancing mechanism can avoid battery unbalance so as to increase the utility rate of the battery. Finally, some experimental results are used to verify the feasibility of the complete system.
A GAN-Based Anomaly Detection Approach for Imbalanced Industrial Time Series (2019)

Imbalanced time series are universally found in industrial applications, where the number of normal samples is far larger than that of abnormal cases. Traditional machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machine and convolutional neural networks, are struggling to attain high classification accuracies for class-imbalanced problems, because they tend to ensure the accuracy of the majority class. Hereby, this paper proposes a novel anomaly detection approach based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) to overcome this problem. In particular, an encoder-decoder-encoder three-sub-network generator is trained involving the elaborately extracted features from normal samples alone. Anomaly scores for anomaly detection are made up of apparent loss and latent loss. Without having any knowledge of the abnormal samples, our approach can diagnose faults by generating much higher anomaly scores when a fault sample is fed into the trained model. Experimental studies are conducted to verify the validity and feasibility of our approach, including a benchmark rolling bearing dataset acquired by Case Western Reserve University and another rolling bearing dataset which is acquired by our laboratory. Our approach can distinguish abnormal samples from normal samples with 100% accuracies on both datasets.
Cross-platform web based real-time communication in web TV and video on demand systems (2015)

This paper presents possibility of using real-time audio and video communication, chat and file transfer during watching video content in web TV or video on demand systems, as well as proposed system that supports all mentioned features — SATURN. Proposed system consists of web application, signaling server, video proxy server and database. The main part of the system is implemented as a web application, using WebRTC and HTML5 elements. Proposed system guarantees strong security properties, including confidentiality of complete audio, video and data communication. Some of the currently most popular solutions are described and compared with proposed solution. This paper also presents web based technology and system architecture used for implementation of the proposed system.
Population Dynamics of Downy Brome (1969)

We investigated the periodicity of germination, longevity of caryopses viability, and reproductive capacity of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) populations in relation to chemical and mechanical fallow and fall tillage weed control treatments. The important factors in the dynamics of downy brome populations are: (a) large numbers of viable caryopses are carried from 1 year to the next in the litter and soil; (b) downy brome caryopsis production is density dependent; and (c) the simultaneous germination characteristics of freshly harvested downy brome caryopses can be conditioned environmentally to continuous germination.
RePlAce: Advancing Solution Quality and Routability Validation in Global Placement (2018)

The Nesterov's method approach to analytic placement has recently demonstrated strong solution quality and scalability. We dissect the previous implementation strategy and show that solution quality can be significantly improved using two levers: 1) constraint-oriented local smoothing and 2) dynamic step size adaptation. We propose a new density function that comprehends local overflow of area resources; this enables a constraint-oriented local smoothing at per-bin granularity. Our improved dynamic step size adaptation automatically determines step size and effectively allocates optimization effort to significantly improve solution quality without undue runtime impact. Our resulting global placement tool, RePlAce, achieves an average of 2.00% half-perimeter wirelength (HPWL) reduction over all best known ISPD-2005 and ISPD-2006 benchmark results, and an average of 2.73% over all best known modern mixed-size (MMS) benchmark results, without any benchmark-specific code or tuning. We further extend our global placer to address routability, and achieve on average 8.50%-9.59% scaled HPWL reduction over previous leading academic placers for the DAC-2012 and ICCAD-2012 benchmark suites. To our knowledge, RePlAce is the first work to achieve superior solution quality across all the ISPD-2005, ISPD-2006, MMS, DAC-2012, and ICCAD-2012 benchmark suites with a single global placement engine.
Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? (1988)

Abstract To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity. These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component. We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component. The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation. These and other factors suggest that the P300 is a manifestation of activity occurring whenever one's model of the environment must be revised. Tests of three predictions based on this “context updating” model are reviewed. Verleger's critique is based on a misconstrual of the model as well as a partial and misleading reading of the relevant literature.
Performance of hard DLC protective film prepared by PECVD method for thin film magnetic disk (1994)

Performance of a diamondlike carbon (DLC) film prepared by the PECVD method has been investigated as the protective film of a rigid thin film disk. An in-line sputtering PECVD multilayer deposition system was used for preparation of disk samples. The disks were found to be superior to those disks with conventionally sputtered carbon films in many aspects such as high durability against CSS tests, smooth coverage over the irregular points of the magnetic layer, and as a result, good corrosion resistance even at a thickness of 15 nm or less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pro-Rata Matching and One-Tick Futures Markets (2008)

We find and describe four futures markets where the bid-ask spread is bid down to the fixed price tick size practically all the time, and which match counterparties using a pro-rata rule. These four markets' offered depths at the quotes on average exceed mean market order size by two orders of magnitude, and their order cancellation rates (the probability of any given offered lot being cancelled) are significantly over 96 per cent. We develop a simple theoretical model to ex- plain these facts, where strategic complementarities in the choice of limit order size cause traders to risk overtrading by submitting over-sized limit orders, most of which they expect to cancel.
Understanding Quantum Tunneling through Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations (2016)

The tunneling between the two ground states of an Ising ferromagnet is a typical example of many-body tunneling processes between two local minima, as they occur during quantum annealing. Performing quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations we find that the QMC tunneling rate displays the same scaling with system size, as the rate of incoherent tunneling. The scaling in both cases is O(Δ^{2}), where Δ is the tunneling splitting (or equivalently the minimum spectral gap). An important consequence is that QMC simulations can be used to predict the performance of a quantum annealer for tunneling through a barrier. Furthermore, by using open instead of periodic boundary conditions in imaginary time, equivalent to a projector QMC algorithm, we obtain a quadratic speedup for QMC simulations, and achieve linear scaling in Δ. We provide a physical understanding of these results and their range of applicability based on an instanton picture.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha3 subunit protein in rat brain and sympathetic ganglion measured using a subunit-specific antibody: regional and ontogenic expression (2001)

A synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of the alpha 3 subunit of the rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was used to generate a rabbit polyclonal alpha 3 antibody. The specificity of this antibody was characterized by immunoblotting, immunohistochemical and immunoprecipitation techniques. Using this antibody, the relative densities of the alpha 3 subunit were quantitatively determined in different brain regions and in superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Among these regions, SCG, interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and pineal gland showed the highest levels of alpha 3 protein expression. Habenula and superior colliculi had intermediate levels of expression. Low levels were found in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. The ontogenic profile of the alpha 3 subunit in the SCG was also determined. The alpha 3 protein level is low at postnatal day (P 1), but increases rapidly during the first seven postnatal days. This level then plateaus and remains stable through postnatal day 35. These findings suggest that neuronal nAChRs containing the alpha 3 subunit participate in important roles in specific regions of the rat brain and the SCG.
Cost Reduction through SLA-driven Self-Management (2011)

A main challenge for service providers is managing service-level agreements (SLAs) with their customers while satisfying their business objectives, such as maximizing profits. Most current systems fail to consider business objectives and thus to provide a complete SLA management solution. This work proposes an SLA-driven management solution that aims to maximize the provider's profit by reducing resource costs as well as fines owning to SLA violations. Specifically, this work proposes a framework that comprises multiple, configurable control loops and supports automatically adjusting service configurations and resource usage in order to maintain SLAs in the most cost-effective way. The framework targets services implemented on top of large-scale distributed infrastructures, such as clouds. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in maintaining SLAs while reducing provider costs.
Introduction (1999)

Here, Barrie Smart is touching on some of the guiding issues and main themes of Supranationalism in the New World Order, our research and writing project which continues beyond this particular publication. Our project is about the post-Cold War new world order; about the simultaneous presence and pursuit of orderliness, on the one hand, and the pervasive, practical and political 'problem' of disorderliness,1 on the other, within Europe and the world — and so, within the global system (Axford, 1995); about the management of orderliness — or, that is, about the interventions, means and mechanisms employed in the process of managing disorderliness in the pursuit of orderliness; and about not just the simultaneous, and perhaps contradictory, pursuit of global order(liness) in the face of constant (constantly regenerated) global disorder(liness), but also the simultaneous, and noncontradictory, presence and use within pertinent discourses and debates, studies and analyses, interpretations and theories of two alternative notions of 'order' — one of which is reflected in the phrase new world order, the other of which is reflected in the distinction drawn between orderliness and disorderliness.KeywordsWorld OrderNorth American Free Trade AgreementInternational RegimeRisk SocietyPolitical UnionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Study of Fiber-Optic Probes for <i>in vivo</i> Medical Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

Recent reports indicate that useful diagnostic information can be obtained from ex vivo tissue by using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. A fiber-optic-based Raman system has been constructed that can obtain spectra in vivo from tissue, typically in less than 30 s. The spectral details are limited by the fluorescence and Raman signal generated in the silica delivery and collection fibers. In this study, fiber-optic probes that are designed to suppress these confounding signals have been characterized and compared with a probe constructed of unfiltered silica fiber. These suppressing probes used a novel design with “in-the-tip” filters, which also had optimized light collection efficiency. The spatial point response functions of the fibers were measured in air, water, and a tissue-simulating, optically turbid medium. Spectra from rabbit tissues were also collected with these probes to demonstrate their performance.
The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan: a multifunctional proteoglycan associated with immature cells. (1996)

In this review, we discuss the properties of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, a structurally unique, integral membrane proteoglycan that is found on the surfaces of several different types of immature cells. NG2 is associated with multipotential glial precursor cells (O2A progenitor cells), chondroblasts of the developing cartilage, brain capillary endothelial cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, skeletal myoblasts and human melanoma cells. One common feature of these diverse cell types is that they retain the ability to divide throughout the life of the organism. The NG2 proteoglycan is a multifunctional protein; in vitro studies have shown that NG2 binds type VI collagen, interacts with and modulates the activity of the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor, and inhibits neurite outgrowth. These functional properties are analogous to those of other proteoglycans such as syndecan, betaglycan, and neurocan, suggesting that structurally divergent proteoglycans can carry out similar functions within the organism.